abstract: BACKGROUND: Body weight and body mass index (BMI) are positively related to risk of @entity694 in @entity1 , whereas weak or no associations exist in @entity1 . This discrepancy may be related to differences in fat distribution between sexes or to the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in @entity1 . METHODS: We used multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models to examine the association between anthropometric measures and risks of @entity694 among 368 277 @entity1 and @entity1 who were free of @entity5 at baseline from nine countries of the European Prospective Investigation Into @entity5 and Nutrition. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: During 6.1 years of follow-up, we identified 984 and 586 @entity1 with @entity694 , respectively. Body weight and BMI were statistically significantly associated with @entity694 risk in @entity1 (highest versus lowest quintile of BMI, relative risk [RR] = 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12 to 2.15; P(trend) = .006) but not in @entity1 . In contrast, comparisons of the highest to the lowest quintile showed that several anthropometric measures, including waist circumference ( @entity1 , RR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.93; P(trend) = .001; @entity1 , RR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.08 to 2.03; P(trend) = .008), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR; @entity1 , RR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.06 to 2.15; P(trend) = .006; @entity1 , RR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.12 to 2.05; P(trend) = .002), and height ( @entity1 , RR = 1.40, 95% CI = 0.99 to 1.98; P(trend) = .04; @entity1 , RR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.30 to 2.46; P(trend)<.001) were related to @entity694 risk in both sexes. The estimated absolute risk of developing @entity694 within 5 years was 203 and 131 cases per 100,000 @entity1 and 129 and 86 cases per 100,000 @entity1 in the highest and lowest quintiles of WHR, respectively. Upon further stratification, no association of waist circumference and WHR with risk of @entity694 was observed among postmenopausal @entity1 who used HRT. None of the anthropometric measures was statistically significantly related to @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Waist circumference and WHR, indicators of @entity1144 , were strongly associated with @entity694 risk in @entity1 and @entity1 in this population. The association of @entity1144 with @entity694 risk may vary depending on HRT use in postmenopausal @entity1 ; however, these findings require confirmation in future studies.

title: Body size and risk of XXXX in the European Prospective Investigation Into @entity5 and Nutrition (EPIC).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon and rectal cancer', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer', 'rectal cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon and rectal cancer']


abstract: @entity421 is one of the most commonly biopsied primary @entity3478 . High-grade @entity421 in particular exhibit a wide spectrum of cytogenetic changes. Molecular cytogenetic studies on @entity421 have shown that genomic amplification, especially of both the @entity876 -binding @entity7465 gene and the flanking SAS gene, plays an important role in the biology of these @entity5 . We applied CGH in order to obtain a global view of DNA-sequence losses and gains in @entity421 . CGH was performed on 20 high-grade medullary @entity421 (13 primary @entity5 prior to chemotherapy, 5 @entity5 after chemotherapy, 2 established cell lines [MB63, HOS58]) using genomic DNA of snap-frozen @entity5 specimens. CGH revealed DNA copy number aberrations, mostly gains, in all the @entity5 studied with an average of 18.5 aberrations/ @entity5 (range 8-32). High-level amplifications were observed in all cases (average 4.1 amplifications/ @entity5 [range 1-10]). Amplicons affecting at @entity5 were mapped to 1p21-31 (9/20 cases), 3q25-qter (6/20), 6p12-21 (6/20), 8q12-qter (10/20), 12p11-12 (9/20), 12q12-15 (enclosing @entity7465 and SAS loci, 7/20). Losses were most frequently seen at 3p, 10q, 11p and 13 (all 10/20). In conclusion, our CGH data indicated that genomic amplification plays an important role in the biology of @entity421 . CGH demonstrated the complexity of genetic aberrations in @entity421 . The detection of novel non-random DNA amplifications in our study has defined regions for further targeted molecular genetic research aimed at identifying those oncogenes that are characteristic of @entity421 development.

title: [Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) for detecting a heretofore undescribed amplified chromosomal segment in high-grade XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['tumor of bone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'least five tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas', 'Osteosarcoma', 'osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['medullary osteosarcoma']


abstract: A randomized clinical trial was performed to determine if the addition of hormonal therapy with @entity440 to a combination chemotherapy regimen was superior to the chemotherapy alone for adjuvant treatment of premenopausal @entity1 after mastectomy for @entity0 . The chemotherapy regimen utilized consisted of @entity786 (C), @entity1487 (F), and @entity229 (P), and the doses employed were: C, 150 mg/m2 IV days 1 to 5; F, 300 mg/m2 IV days 1 to 5; and P, 10 mg orally three times daily on days 1 to 7. A total of ten courses of therapy, given every 6 weeks, was planned. @entity440 (T) was given at a dose of 10 mg twice daily and was stopped 6 weeks after the last course of @entity9861 . Four hundred @entity1 are fully eligible and evaluable. With a median observation time of 5.3 years, the proportion of recurrences on each arm were: @entity9861 , 95 of 202 (47%); CFPT, 77 of 198 (39%). The relapse-free survival distribution for CFPT was superior to that for @entity9861 , at a borderline level of significance (two-sided P = 0.06). When significant prognostic factors were considered in covariate analysis, CFPT was not significantly better than @entity9861 (P = 0.43). This marked change in level was due to imbalance in several factors not considered in stratification. Currently, 31% of @entity9861 and 25% of CFPT @entity1 have died, and although there is a slight separation of the survival curves in favor of CFPT, the difference is not significant (P = 0.21). Analysis within receptor subsets also showed no significant advantage for the addition of @entity440 . This study does not establish a significant advantage for the concurrent administration of @entity440 with the @entity9861 regimen. It does, however, clearly demonstrate the importance of examination of clinically important prognostic factors, even those not utilized in stratification, and consideration of these factors in covariate analysis if imbalances are present.

title: Randomized trial to evaluate the addition of @entity440 to @entity786 , @entity1487 , XXXX adjuvant therapy in premenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['node-positive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['prednisone']


abstract: This review identifies the causes of @entity736 infrainguinal bypass graft failure and compares the results of management alternatives. In 322 infrainguinal reconstructions 111 failures occurred over a ten year interval (1978-1988). Sixty-four percent of all failures occurred within the first year, most within the first six months due to severity or progression of @entity66 (56%), which suggests that @entity1 selection is an important factor. Only 8% of cases had intimal @entity1373 as a cause of failure without evidence of @entity66 progression, and all occurred within the first twelve months. Progression of @entity66 occurred in 25% of instances and was most commonly seen as progression of @entity66 in @entity1 operated upon to relieve @entity613 and @entity715 of inflow reconstructions in limb salvage @entity1 . Infection was the cause of failure in 5.5% of failed grafts (1.8% of the series) and was associated with multiple reoperations. Management consisted of conservative treatment in 15 cases, with amputation resulting in seven (46%) of these. Operative treatment consisted of (A) thrombectomy with or without patch (N = 56); (B) extension with vein (N = 12); (C) replacement with vein (N = 11); or (D) extension or replacement with @entity736 (N = 17). Primary patency and limb salvage of secondary procedures at 30 months after the reoperation was (A) 40%/45%; (B) 32%/43%; (C) 55%/72%; and (D) 30%/38%, respectively. @entity1 in Group C (replacement with vein) had an 88% 30-month patency when this was the first procedure after the failure, with limb salvage in all cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Failure of XXXX infrainguinal revascularization: patterns, management alternatives, and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['iliac disease', 'distal disease', 'inflow disease']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['PTFE']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Right ventricular (RV) failure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity1699 ( @entity1699 ), but the longitudinal course of RV volumes through staged palliation (SP) has not been previously investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate RV volume and function longitudinally through SP of @entity1699 using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. METHODS: A total of 18 subjects with @entity1699 were prospectively studied at four time points from diagnosis through stage 2 ( @entity11548 ). Real-time three-dimensional echocardiographic full-volume data sets were acquired in high-frame rate mode with electrocardiographic gating. Volumetric and functional analyses were performed using a semiautomatic contour detection algorithm. Eighteen age-matched and sex-matched normal @entity1 (aged 0-6 months) were studied at comparable time points as controls. RESULTS: Presurgical examinations (pre-stage 1 [ @entity3419 ]; n = 18) were performed at a mean age of 4 days, post- @entity3419 examinations (n = 17) at a mean age of 20 days, pre- @entity11548 examinations (n = 14) at a mean age of 4.6 months, and post- @entity11548 examinations (n = 14) at a mean age of 5.5 months, constituting a total of 63 examinations. The mean values of RV end-diastolic volume indexed to body surface area (EDVi) at the four time points were 87    30, 104    39, 112    34, and 102    35 mL/m(2), respectively. There was an increase in EDVi (P = .024) from pre- @entity3419 to post- @entity3419 but no significant change between post- @entity3419 and pre- @entity11548 . The decrease in EDVi after @entity11548 did not reach statistical significance. Mean RV ejection fractions (EFs) were 50    5%, 45    5%, 46    5%, and 38    4%, respectively. There was a trend toward decreasing EF throughout SP, with statistically significant decreases from pre- @entity3419 to post- @entity3419 (P = .003) and from pre- @entity11548 to post- @entity11548 (P < .001). In normal @entity1 , the mean RV EDVi was 50    10 mL/m(2) (approximately half that of @entity1 with @entity1699 ), and the mean EF was 51    3%. There was good interobserver agreement for EDVi, end-systolic volume indexed to body surface area, and EF. CONCLUSIONS: Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography is a reproducible means for evaluating RV volumes and EFs in @entity1 with @entity1699 . Indexed RV diastolic volume remains stable to slightly increased, and RV EF deteriorates as the first two stages of surgical palliation are accomplished. The findings of this study highlight the adverse physiology of @entity1699 , which deteriorates even among early survivors despite SP.

title: Serial assessment of right ventricular volume and function in surgically XXXX using real-time transthoracic three-dimensional echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome', 'HLHS']

answer: @entity1699 :: (MESH:D018636,Disease) :: ['palliated hypoplastic left heart syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The extent of thyroid resection in @entity2743 remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term results of bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy (BST) compared with total thyroidectomy (TT) in @entity1 with @entity2743 and mild active @entity6875 . METHODS: @entity1 were assigned randomly to BST or TT, and followed for 5 years after surgery. The primary endpoints of the study were the prevalence of recurrent @entity1378 and changes in @entity6875 . Secondary endpoints were postoperative transient and permanent paresis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, and postoperative hypocalcaemia and @entity261 . RESULTS: Two hundred @entity1 were included, of whom 191 (BST 95, TT 96) completed the 5-year follow-up. Recurrent @entity1378 occurred in nine @entity1 after BST and in none after TT (P = 0  002). Progression of @entity6875 was observed in nine @entity1 after BST compared with seven following TT (P = 0  586). @entity261 occurred in 13 and 24 @entity1 respectively (P = 0  047). Permanent @entity261 was diagnosed in no @entity1 after BST and in one after TT (P = 0  318). No differences were noted in transient or permanent recurrent @entity13587 . CONCLUSION: TT for @entity2743 prevented recurrent @entity1378 but did not prevent the progression of @entity6875 compared with BST.

title: Randomized clinical trial of bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy versus total thyroidectomy for XXXX with a 5-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity13587 :: ('MESH:D061224', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['Transient hypoparathyroidism', 'hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' ophthalmopathy", 'ophthalmopathy']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves' disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether hearing aids improve the quality of life of elderly @entity1 with @entity393 . SETTING: Primary care clinics at a Bureau of Veterans Affairs hospital. @entity1 : One hundred and ninety-four elderly veterans who were identified as being hearing impaired from a screening survey involving 771 consecutive clinic @entity1 . Of the original 194, 188 (97%) completed the trial. INTERVENTION: Subjects were randomly assigned to either receive a hearing aid (n = 95) or join a waiting list (n = 99). MAIN ENDPOINTS: A comprehensive battery of disease-specific and generic quality-of-life measures were administered at baseline, 6 weeks, and 4 months. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity1 assigned to the two groups were similar in age, ethnicity, education, marital status, occupation, and comorbid diseases. At baseline, 82% of subjects reported adverse effects on quality of life due to @entity393 , and 24% were @entity308 . At follow-up, a significant change in score improvements for social and emotional function (34.0; 95% CI, 27.3 to 40.8; P less than 0.0001), communication function (24.2; CI, 17.2 to 31.2; P less than 0.0001), cognitive function (0.28; CI, 0.08 to 0.48; P = 0.008), and @entity308 (0.80; CI, 0.09 to 1.51; P = 0.03) was seen in subjects who received hearing aids compared with those assigned to the waiting list. Six drop-outs (three per group), no crossovers, and no significant changes in cointerventions were seen. Average, self-reported, daily aid use in the hearing aid group was 8 hours. CONCLUSION: @entity393 is associated with important adverse effects on the quality of life of elderly @entity1 , effects which are reversible with hearing aids.

title: Quality-of-life changes and XXXX . A randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'hearing impairment', 'Hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity398 ( @entity16486 ) is a neuropeptide that has recently been recognized as an important component of descending analgesic systems. The present study sought to determine if OXY produces antinociception to noxious visceral stimulation. METHODS: @entity4774 -anesthetized female @entity35 had intrathecal catheters placed acutely, and the effect of intrathecal OXY on visceromotor reflexes (VMRs; abdominal muscular contractions quantified using electromyograms) to @entity1494 ( @entity1494 ; 10-60 mm Hg, 20 seconds; transurethral intravesical catheter) was determined. The effect of OXY applied to the surface of exposed spinal cord was determined in lumbosacral dorsal horn neurons excited by @entity1494 using extracellular recordings. RESULTS: @entity398 doses of 0.15 or 1.5  g inhibited VMRs to @entity1494 by 37%    8% and 68%    10%, respectively. Peak inhibition occurred within 30 minutes and was sustained for at least 60 minutes. The effect of OXY was both reversed and prevented by the intrathecal administration of an OXY-receptor antagonist. Application of 0.5 mM OXY to the dorsum of the spinal cord inhibited @entity1494 -evoked action potentials by 76%    12%. Consistent with the VMR studies, peak inhibition occurred within 30 minutes and was sustained for greater than 60 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: These results argue that intrathecal OXY produces an OXY receptor-specific antinociception to noxious @entity1494 , with part of this effect due to inhibition of spinal dorsal horn neurons. To our knowledge, these studies provide the first evidence that intrathecal OXY may be an effective pharmacological treatment for @entity3825 .

title: Intrathecal XXXX inhibits visceromotor reflex and spinal neuronal responses to noxious distention of the @entity35 urinary bladder.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['UBD', 'urinary bladder distension']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['Urethane']

entities_list: @entity3825 :: ('MESH:D059265', 'Disease') :: ['visceral pain']

answer: @entity398 :: (MESH:D010121,Chemical) :: ['oxytocin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing research is available verifying that @entity565 is a familial and @entity74 of a complex of factors and genes. Objective. To investigate the single and combined associations of five single nucleotide polymorphism loci in three genes with the development of @entity565 in @entity1 of Chinese Han Nationality. METHODS: A total of 192 @entity1 with @entity565 and an equal number of control subjects were recruited in this study. @entity565 was diagnosed in accordance with American @entity1514 Society criteria. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to detect the genotypes of the single nucleotide polymorphism loci. RESULTS: No statistic differences (p > 0.05) were found between experimental and control group in genotype distribution among three loci (NOS1 @entity27997 , @entity2533 @entity27998 , and @entity2533 @entity27999 ). However, a significant diversity was observed among @entity3646 -RA @entity24601 (p = 0.004) and @entity2533 @entity12172 (p = 0.000). Furthermore, the frequency of @entity3646 -RA @entity28000 and @entity2533 @entity12172 @entity6344 in the @entity565 group were significantly higher than those in the control group (OR = 1.91, P = 0.002; OR = 2.90, P = 0.000, respectively). The carriers of both @entity3646 -RA @entity28000 and @entity2533 @entity12172 C/T did not have a more significant risk of having @entity565 than those who covered either. CONCLUSION: The three loci (NOS1 @entity27997 , @entity2533 @entity27998 and @entity2533 @entity27999 ) have little contribution to the development of @entity565 in Chinese Han Nationality. @entity3646 -RA @entity24601 and @entity2533 @entity12172 are single nucleotide polymorphism loci with significant association to @entity565 , but they do not have synergistic effects.

title: Association of five single nucleotide polymorphism loci with XXXX in @entity1 of Chinese Han nationality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6344 :: ('c|SUB|C||T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['C/T']

entities_list: @entity27998 :: ('p|SUB|L|10|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['L10P']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['childhood asthma', 'asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity27999 :: ('p|SUB|R|25|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R25P']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disorder']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The lack of noninvasive biomarkers of rejection remains a challenge in the accurate monitoring of deeply buried nerve allografts and precludes optimization of therapeutic intervention. This study aimed to establish the expression profile of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) during nerve allotransplantation with or without immunosuppression. RESULTS: Balb/c @entity19 were randomized into 3 experimental groups, that is, (1) untreated isograft (Balb/c    >    Balb/c), (2) untreated allograft (C57BL/6    >    Balb/c), and (3) allograft (C57BL/6    >    Balb/c) with @entity1140 immunosuppression. A 1-cm Balb/c or C57BL/6 donor sciatic nerve graft was transplanted into sciatic nerve gaps created in recipient @entity19 . At 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 d after nerve transplantation, nerve grafts, whole blood, and sera were obtained for miRNA expression analysis with an miRNA array and subsequent validation with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Three circulating miRNAs ( @entity29374 , @entity29375 , and miR-423-5p) were identified in the whole blood and serum of the @entity19 receiving an allograft with @entity1140 immunosuppression, within 2 weeks after nerve allotransplantation. However, these 3 circulating miRNAs were not expressed in the nerve grafts. The expression of all these 3 upregulated circulating miRNAs significantly decreased at 2, 4, and 6 d after discontinuation of @entity1140 immunosuppression. In the nerve graft, miR-125-3b and @entity29376 were significantly upregulated in the @entity19 that received an allograft with @entity1140 only at 7 d after nerve allotransplantation. CONCLUSIONS: We identified the circulating @entity29374 , @entity29375 , and miR-423-5p as potential biomarkers for monitoring the immunosuppression status of the nerve allograft. However, further research is required to investigate the mechanism behind the dysregulation of these markers and to evaluate their prognostic value in nerve allotransplantation.

title: Profiling circulating microRNA expression in a XXXX model of nerve allotransplantation.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: AIMS: In @entity1283 ( @entity1283 ) and @entity712 ( @entity712 ), alterations occur in mitochondrial enzyme content and activities but the origin and implications of these changes for mitochondrial function need to be resolved. METHODS AND RESULTS: Right ventricular @entity1283 or @entity712 was induced by @entity6560 injection, which causes @entity120 , in @entity35 . Results were compared to saline injection (CON). @entity1110 and FAD autofluorescence were recorded in thin intact cardiac trabeculae during transitions in stimulation frequency, to assess mitochondrial complex I and complex II function, respectively. @entity26 consumption, mitochondrial morphology, protein content and enzymatic activity were assessed. @entity1110 autofluorescence upon an increase in stimulation frequency showed a rapid decline followed by a slow recovery. FAD autofluorescence followed a similar time course, but in opposite direction. The amplitude of the early rapid change in @entity1110 autofluorescence was severely depressed in @entity1283 and @entity712 compared to CON. The rapid changes in FAD autofluorescence in @entity1283 and @entity712 were reduced to a lesser extent. Complex I-coupled respiration showed a    3.5-fold reduction in @entity1283 and @entity712 ; complex II-coupled respiration was depressed two-fold in @entity712 . Western blot analyses revealed modest reductions in complex I protein content in @entity1283 and @entity712 and in complex I activity in supercomplexes in @entity712 . Mitochondrial volume density was similar, but mitochondrial remodeling was evident from changes in ultrastructure and fusion/fission indices in @entity1283 and @entity712 . CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the alterations in mitochondrial function observed in right ventricular @entity1283 and @entity712 can be mainly attributed to complex I dysfunction.

title: Mitochondrial complex I dysfunction and altered XXXX kinetics in @entity35 myocardium in cardiac right ventricular hypertrophy and failure.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy', 'CH']

entities_list: @entity6560 :: ('MESH:D016686', 'Chemical') :: ['monocrotaline']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery hypertension']

answer: @entity1110 :: (MESH:D009249,Chemical) :: ['NAD(P)H']


abstract: The immediate and intermediate-term effects of balloon valvuloplasty were assessed at cardiac catheterization in nine @entity1 with recurrent @entity850 after a previous surgical aortic valvotomy. At valvuloplasty the @entity1 ranged in age from 0.35 to 16 years and had undergone surgical valvotomy 0.3 to 12.5 years previously. Balloon valvuloplasty immediately reduced the peak systolic @entity472 gradient by 53%, from 88 +/- 9 (mean +/- SEM) to 41 +/- 6 mm Hg (p = 0.004). The left ventricular systolic pressure was reduced from 189 +/- 8 to 157 +/- 8 mm Hg (p = 0.001) and the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure from 17 +/- 1 to 14 +/- 2 mm Hg (p = 0.025). The heart rate and cardiac index remained unchanged. Before valvuloplasty, one @entity1 had 1 + and two @entity1 had 2+ @entity337 . In six of nine @entity1 , balloon valvuloplasty caused no change in the degree of @entity340 . Two @entity1 had a 1 + increase (from 0 to 1 + insufficiency in both), and one @entity1 with no insufficiency developed 2+ @entity337 . Elective follow-up catheterization was performed 0.8 to 2.5 years (mean 1.5 +/- 0.2) after valvuloplasty. At follow-up, the peak @entity472 gradient remained significantly reduced from the gradient before valvuloplasty (37 +/- 5 versus 85 +/- 10 mm Hg, p = 0.002). The gradient had not changed significantly from that measured immediately after valvuloplasty (37 +/- 5 versus 38 +/- 5 mm Hg, p = 0.75). At follow-up, @entity337 had decreased from that immediately after valvuloplasty in three @entity1 and had increased in two.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Balloon valvuloplasty for recurrent XXXX after surgical valvotomy in childhood: immediate and follow-up studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: 1. Blood pressure was measured in the dorsal aorta of restrained, unanaesthetized @entity7928 snakes (Notechis scutatus) at different body temperatures during graded, passive tilt. Aortic blood pressure in horizontal snakes showed no significant change over a range of body temperatures between 18 and 33 degrees C (mean of measurements on 16 snakes = 42.2 +/- I.98 mmHg), while heart rate increased logarithmically (Q10 approximately 2.5). Blood pressure was stable during heating and cooling between body temperatures of 15 and 30 degrees C, but the pressure was 10--50% higher during heating than during cooling. 2. Head-up tilt usually caused a brief fall in pressure at heart level followed by partial or complete recovery and @entity591 . At the cessation of tilt, there was a characteristic overshoot of the blood pressure followed by readjustment to control (pretilt) levels. Head-down tilt typically increased pressure which then either stabilized or returned toward pretilt levels. Heart rate changes during head-down tilt were not consistent in direction or magnitude. Stabilized pressures at mid-body usually increased following head-up tilt and decreased following head-down tilt, indicating physiological adjustment to posture change. Blood pressure control was evident at body temperatures ranging from 10 to 38 degrees C, but was most effective at the higher and behaviourally preferred temperatures. 3. @entity1169 lowered heart rate but did not influence pressure in horizontal snakes. During head-up tilt @entity1169 eliminated or reduced @entity591 and sometimes reduced the efficacy of pressure compensation for tilt. @entity5521 increased heart rate, lowered blood pressure, and eliminated pressure regulation during tilt. The results suggest that sympathetically mediated reflexes assist central blood pressure regulation in the @entity7928 snake, with vasomotor adjustments having greater importance than changes in heart rate.

title: Regulation of arterial blood pressure in Australian XXXX snakes.

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['Phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

answer: @entity7928 :: (9694,Species) :: ['tiger']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of type 2 @entity6 (T2DM) in younger adults is growing. Compared to the late onset T2DM, it is well recognized that the disease tends to behave more aggressively in the younger age group with evidence of premature micro and macrovasular diseases and shorter life span. This increased mortality is largely attributed to @entity65 . In a recent pilot study, young adults with T2DM were found to have significantly lower peak diastolic strain rate (PEDSR) on cardiac MRI (CMR), a forerunner of @entity13088 . Liraglutide, a @entity5445 ( @entity5445 ) analogue, is one of the new classes of @entity413 lowering therapies licensed to be used in management of T2DM. In randomised controlled trials, liraglutide improves glycaemic control by 1-1.5  % with an added benefit of weight loss of 2-3  kg. In addition, there is emerging evidence elucidating the cardioprotective effects of @entity5445 analogues independent of glycaemic control. In a small study, liraglutide has also been shown to improve cardiac function in @entity1 with coronary ischaemia or @entity712 . METHODS AND AIMS: This is a prospective, randomised, open-label, blind end-point (PROBE) active-comparator trial. A total of 90 @entity28 eligible @entity1 with T2DM (18-50  years) will be randomised to either liraglutide 1.8  mg once daily or @entity12350 100  mg once daily for 26  weeks. The primary aim is to assess whether liraglutide improves diastolic function compared to @entity12350 as measured by PEDSR using CMR. DISCUSSION: Although newer classes of @entity5445 analogues are made available in recent years, there are very few published studies demonstrating the beneficial effect of @entity5445 analogues on cardiovascular endpoints. In a recently published  LEADER study, liraglutide has  shown superiority to placebo in a population of type 2 @entity6 with high risk of @entity65 . To the best of our knowledge, there are no published studies establishing the effect of liraglutide on cardiac function in younger @entity1 with T2DM on a larger scale. The LYDIA study will comprehensively describe changes in various parameters of cardiac structure and function in @entity1 treated with liraglutide aiming to provide new evidence on effect of liraglutide on diastolic function in young @entity28 @entity1 with T2DM. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02043054.

title: Rationale and design of the randomised controlled trial to assess the impact of liraglutide on cardiac function and structure in young adults with type 2 XXXX (the LYDIA study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity13088 :: ('MESH:D058065', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity12350 :: ('MESH:C496398', 'Chemical') :: ['sitagliptin']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['GLP-1', 'glucagon like peptide-1']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of @entity209 ( @entity209 ) tends to be high among @entity627 @entity1 , and @entity65 is the leading cause of @entity204 in these conditions. We aimed to determine the prevalence of @entity209 in @entity1 with @entity12040 ( @entity12040 ) and its association with risk factors and adipokine and cytokine levels. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 45 consecutive @entity1 with @entity12040 and 47 healthy controls matched by age and body mass index. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity209 (International @entity6 Federation/American Heart Association criteria) was higher in @entity12040 compared to controls (33.34 vs 8.51%, p = 0.003). @entity1 with @entity12040 had a higher frequency of @entity101 (p < 0.001) and @entity2299 (p = 0.001) and higher levels of insulin (p = 0.021), homeostasis model assessment index (p = 0.024), @entity2204 (p = 0.029), resistin (p = 0.018), and @entity1851 (CRP, p < 0.001) compared to healthy subjects, with similar levels of @entity1254 and @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ; p > 0.05). Further analysis of @entity1 with @entity12040 with and without @entity209 revealed a higher frequency of overweight/ @entity28 (66.66 vs 26.66%, p = 0.022), higher Framingham score >=  1 (p = 0.032), and lower @entity1254 levels (20.37    21.16 vs 38.64    22.62  g/ml, p = 0.022) in the @entity1 with @entity209 . No differences were found regarding disease duration, activity, glucocorticoid use, resistin, and @entity2289 levels in the 2 groups of @entity1 with @entity12040 (p > 0.05). @entity1 with and without @entity209 showed no differences in cytokine levels [interleukin 12 (IL-12, @entity1192 , @entity650 ) and @entity5 necrosis factor-a]. @entity650 had a positive Pearson correlation with CRP only in @entity12040 @entity1 with @entity209 (r = 0.57; p = 0.050). CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of @entity209 was observed in @entity1 with @entity12040 and this comorbidity seems to identify a subgroup of overweight/ @entity28 @entity1 with high cardiovascular risk without a significant association with disease status. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to observe the effects of controlling this modifiable risk factor in the quality of life and survival of @entity1 with @entity12040 .

title: High prevalence of @entity209 in @entity12040 : increased cardiovascular risk and lower XXXX serum levels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ['TA', 'Takayasu arteritis']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1254 :: (9370,Gene) :: ['adiponectin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the spectrum of clinical manifestations in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated @entity631 ; to determine renal and @entity1 survival in these @entity1 ; to compare survival among @entity1 treated with @entity288 alone, @entity288 plus intravenous @entity786 or @entity288 plus oral @entity786 ; and to assess the correlation of disease manifestations and treatment response with ANCA subtypes and serial autoantibody titers. DESIGN: Inception cohort study; mean follow-up of 24 months. SETTING: Collaborative network of 120 university and private practice nephrologists (The @entity8 Collaborative Network). @entity1 : Seventy @entity1 with ANCA and pauci-immune @entity39 and crescentic @entity631 , of whom 59 were treated with either @entity288 alone (14 @entity1 ), @entity288 plus oral @entity786 (30 @entity1 ), or @entity288 plus intravenous @entity786 (15 @entity1 ). MAIN RESULTS: Of the 70 @entity1 , 18 had @entity8 ( @entity631 ); 15, nonpulmonary extrarenal disease consistent with @entity11657 ; and 37, @entity358 consistent with Wegener @entity2883 or @entity133 . There were overlapping manifestations of disease between @entity1 with autoantibodies producing a cytoplasmic pattern and @entity1 with autoantibodies producing a perinuclear pattern; however, the perinuclear pattern occurred more frequently in @entity1 with @entity8 . Renal and @entity1 survival was 75% at 24 months, and no difference in survival was seen between @entity1 with @entity8 and those with @entity262 . No differences in survival were seen between @entity1 treated with oral @entity786 and those treated with intravenous @entity786 ; however, the comparative data from @entity1 treated with @entity288 alone were inconclusive. In general, autoantibody titers correlated with response to treatment and disease activity, but there were exceptions. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with ANCA have various forms of @entity32 , ranging from @entity8 to widespread @entity13571 , including @entity11657 and Wegener @entity2883 . Oral @entity288 with either oral or intravenous @entity786 appear to be equally effective therapy for ANCA-associated @entity631 .

title: Clinical course of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated XXXX and @entity13571 . The @entity8 Collaborative Network.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing vascular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal-limited disease', 'Glomerular Disease']

entities_list: @entity13571 :: ('MESH:D056647', 'Disease') :: ['systemic vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar capillaritis']

entities_list: @entity11657 :: ('MESH:D010488', 'Disease') :: ['polyarteritis nodosa']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatosis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis', 'glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulonephritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Glioma surgery in eloquent areas remains a challenge because of the risk of @entity86 . OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the efficiency of using a combination of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography functional neuronavigation and direct subcortical stimulation (DsCS) to yield a maximally safe resection of @entity13 in eloquent areas. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted in 58 subjects with an initial diagnosis of primary @entity13 within or adjacent to the pyramidal tract (PT). The white matter beneath the resection cavity was stimulated along the PT, which was visualized with DTI tractography. The intercept between the PT border and DsCS site was measured. The sensitivity and specificity of DTI tractography for PT mapping were evaluated. The efficiency of the combined use of both techniques on motor function preservation was assessed. RESULTS: Postoperative analysis showed gross total resection in 40 @entity1 (69.0%). Seventeen @entity1 (29.3%) experienced postoperative worsening; 1-month motor deficit was observed in 6 subjects (10.3%). DsCS verified a high concordance rate with DTI tractography for PT mapping. The sensitivity and specificity of DTI were 92.6% and 93.2%, respectively. The intercepts between positive DsCS sites and imaged PTs were 2.0 to 14.7 mm (5.2        2.2 mm). The 6-month Karnofsky performance scale scores in 50 postoperative subjects were significantly increased compared with their preoperative scores. CONCLUSION: DTI tractography is effective but not completely reliable in delineating the descending motor pathways. Integration of DTI and DsCS favors @entity1 -specific surgery for @entity13 in eloquent areas.

title: Clinical application of motor pathway mapping using diffusion tensor imaging tractography and intraoperative direct subcortical stimulation in XXXX surgery: a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity13 :: ('MESH:C564230', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral glioma']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative motor deficits']

answer: @entity13 :: (MESH:C564230,Disease) :: ['cerebral glioma']


abstract: PURPOSE: This randomized, controlled trial was designed to determine whether the DNA cytometry testing is superior to the conventional cytologic testing for mass @entity5 screening. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: After approval by the institutional ethics review boards from three separate screening centers, a total of 23,993 Chinese @entity1 ages 20 to 65 years were randomly assigned into one of the two groups: a DNA cytometry testing group (11,999 @entity1 ) and a cytologic testing group (11,994 @entity1 ). Each @entity1 underwent the other testing after first attending the assigned screening test. @entity1 with positive results after assigned testing additionally underwent colposcopy and @entity1 papillomaviruses detections, and those with cervical precancerous or @entity5 received appropriate treatment. Sensitivity and specificity estimates were adjusted for verification bias. Analyses were by intention to treat and per protocol ways. RESULTS: In the cytometric DNA testing group, @entity5 was diagnosed in 40 subjects, compared with 24 subjects in the cytologic testing group [hazard ratio for the detection of advanced @entity5 in the DNA cytometry testing group, 0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.27-0.60]. The sensitivity of the DNA cytometry testing for @entity5 was 91.7% (95% CI, 64.3-95.8), whereas the sensitivity of cytologic testing was 44.5% (95% CI, 25.2-61.3; P = 0.008). The specificity was 54.1% (95% CI, 31.6-69.0) for DNA cytometry testing and 70.6% (95% CI, 46.8-82.5; P = 0.003) for cytologic testing. The sensitivity of both tests used together was 100%, and the specificity was 91.8%. A total of 187 subjects reported mild to severe adverse events after treatment with positive results in 319 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight the benefit of the DNA cytometry testing strategy in mass @entity5 screening with greater sensitivity and positive predicted value than the conventional cytologic testing in developing settings.

title: DNA ploidy cytometry testing for XXXX screening in China (DNACIC Trial): a prospective randomized, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancerous lesions', 'cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'human', 'Women']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: It is suggested to use the @entity1369 -to- @entity916 ratio (ARR) as a first test in the screening for @entity1368 ( @entity1368 ). However, many groups rather rely on the determination of urinary @entity26861 secretion; others calculate a ratio of urinary @entity1369 to plasma @entity916 activity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of different parameters of @entity1369 excess in the case finding of @entity1368 . The study included 28 @entity1 with @entity1368 and 33 subjects with essential @entity101 . Clinical data, which included the hormonal parameters, serum @entity1369 , plasma @entity916 concentration, urinary free @entity1369 and metabolites and serum and urinary electrolyte levels were analyzed. These indices of @entity1369 excess, the ARR, serum @entity1372 to urinary @entity1372 to (serum @entity972 )(2) to urinary @entity972 (SUSPPUP) ratio and combinations of these parameters were compared between the groups. Receiver-operating curve analysis revealed that the ARR multiplied by the SUSPPUP ratio (ARR x SUSPPUP) is the most reliable screening test, with a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 93.9% (cutoff point 199.2 (mmol l(-1))(-1)). The combination of ARR x SUSPPUP ratio with urinary free @entity1369 divided by the plasma @entity916 concentration rendered a specificity of 100%. Less useful was the correction of urinary free @entity1369 and its metabolites for @entity1372 excretion. Although the ARR and urinary free @entity1369 divided by @entity916 are good tests in the screening for @entity1368 , the combination of ARR with SUSPPUP ratio is a better indicator of an @entity1369 excess and @entity1369 action in @entity1 with ongoing antihypertensive medication. Antihypertensive drugs only marginally interfere with the SUSPPUP ratio, but they may influence the ARR, whereby the effects in @entity1368 @entity1 seem to be negligible.

title: Indicators of mineralocorticoid excess in the evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity26861 :: ('MESH:C013282', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrahydroaldosterone']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['PA', 'primary aldosteronism']

answer: @entity1368 :: (MESH:D006929,Disease) :: ['primary aldosteronism']


abstract: The introduction of @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) has advanced chemotherapy for @entity11 . However, a considerable number of @entity463 ( @entity463 ) cases are refractory to @entity2904 . Previous studies have revealed that the @entity10412 / @entity584 pathway is activated in an @entity1129 and Rad3 related-dependent manner in response to @entity2904 . Thus, we hypothesized that @entity10412 inhibitors may act as antitumor agents against @entity11 and potentiate the @entity137 of @entity2904 . The @entity137 of a @entity10412 inhibitor, @entity2306 , was examined both alone and in combination with @entity2904 in @entity1 @entity11 cell lines. Proliferation of @entity5 cells treated with @entity2306 in combination with @entity2904 was significantly suppressed compared to treatment with either drug used alone. The combination treatment induced a higher apoptosis rate, while reducing the invasive capability of U87 cells. The apoptosis-associated proteins, cleaved-caspase-3 and @entity589 , were more significantly up-regulated by the combined treatment than by @entity2904 used alone. In addition, p- @entity584 and @entity588 , which can promote @entity2904 resistance, were markedly decreased by @entity2306 . These findings suggest that @entity2306 enhances the @entity137 of @entity2904 by down  -regulation of the @entity10412 / @entity584 pathway.

title: @entity2306 enhances @entity137 of @entity2903 in XXXX by down-regulation of the @entity10412 / @entity584 pathway.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas', 'glioma', 'malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['ataxia telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: In order to examine the role of oxidative stress in @entity1763 -induced perinatal @entity75 , near-term fetal @entity742 were subjected to umbilical cord occlusion for approximately 60min until fetal arterial pH diminished to less than 6.9 and base excess to less than -20 meq/l. The levels of @entity224 , @entity273 , @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) and @entity4466 -reactive substances (TBARS) within brain grey and white matter were determined at 72h to correlate with morphological changes. Although the topography and extent of @entity75 varied somewhat from case to case, ranging from focal @entity1188 in grey or white matter to subtle and patchy alterations of white matter, the @entity4519 white matter appeared to bear the brunt of damage as compared to other regions. The parietal white matter, in particular was often the seat of early pathological changes that could be seen in isolation. These white matter changes were accompanied by significant increases in @entity273 and TBARS levels as compared to those in grey matter. In another set of experiments, 8 different brain regions were assayed for TBARS, @entity2197 and @entity224 dismutase (SOD). A highly significant rise in the levels of TBARS was again noted in the @entity62 . SOD levels were higher in the frontal and parietal white matter, basal ganglia and cerebellum. Cerebral cortical and hippocampal neurons were relatively unaffected until accompanied by more severe damage to grey and white matter at other sites. These results suggest that the developing @entity4519 white matter appears to be most vulnerable to the effects of intrauterine fetal @entity1763 and that oxidative stress may be a major contributing factor in the pathogenesis of perinatal @entity2806 .

title: XXXX and intrauterine @entity1763 in fetal @entity742 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbiturate']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['parietal and frontal white matter']

entities_list: @entity4519 :: ('MESH:C536954', 'Disease') :: ['telencephalic']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Oxidative stress, brain white matter damage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity995 -susceptibility (Rb) gene is a prototype @entity5 -suppressor gene originally isolated from @entity1 with heritable @entity995 . This gene encodes a nuclear phosphoprotein whose expression is altered in several types of @entity1 @entity5 . METHODS: We studied the expression of the Rb protein in 44 primary and 12 metastatic high-grade @entity1 @entity242 by means of immunohistochemical methods and Western blotting. Computerized image analysis was used to quantify the level of Rb gene product in individual @entity5 cells. The expression of the Rb gene was then correlated with clinical outcome in the @entity1 with @entity5 . RESULTS: Of the 44 @entity1 with primary @entity242 , 13 (30 percent) had @entity5 with normal, homogeneous expression of the Rb protein in essentially all @entity5 cells. Thirty-one @entity1 with @entity5 (70 percent) had altered Rb expression; in 18 (40 percent) the Rb protein was heterogeneously expressed, and in 13 (30 percent) it was detected in fewer than 20 percent of the @entity5 cells. All 12 of the @entity1 with @entity3 had altered expression of the Rb protein. When the findings in the @entity1 with @entity5 were correlated with clinical outcome, survival was found to be significantly increased in the @entity1 whose @entity5 had homogeneous Rb expression, as compared with those with either heterogeneous expression (P = 0.026) or no expression (P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 in which the expression of Rb gene product was decreased were more aggressive than @entity5 in which this protein was expressed by nearly all cells. The Rb gene product may be an important prognostic variable in @entity1 with these @entity5 .

title: Altered expression of the @entity995 gene product in XXXX @entity242 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A 49-year-old @entity1 with a 1-month history of episodic, severe @entity490 sought medical attention. The @entity1 's history was remarkable for @entity2175 , for which @entity15506 therapy had been initiated 2 months earlier. No other medications were being taken at the time the paroxysms of @entity158 began. During the episodes of @entity158 , both examination of the abdomen and abdominal roentgenograms revealed normal findings. Initial assessment, including ultrasonography and computed tomographic scanning of the abdomen, upper gastrointestinal and colon roentgenograms, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy, revealed no cause of the @entity158 . Empiric trials of @entity6359 , @entity5418 , and antacids failed to relieve the @entity158 . Both urine and fecal specimens collected after an attack demonstrated substantially increased @entity20178 . The @entity15506 regimen was discontinued; 2 months later, the stool coproporphyrins had decreased to normal levels. At follow-up more than 1 year later, the @entity1 had had no recurrence of @entity490 . Although other orally administered hypoglycemic agents and other sulfa compounds have been reported to precipitate acute attacks of @entity6050 , to our knowledge this is the first such case associated with @entity15506 . We suggest that @entity15506 be added to the list of medications to be avoided in @entity1 with @entity6050 .

title: A coproporphyria-like syndrome induced by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6359 :: ('MESH:D015738', 'Chemical') :: ['famotidine']

entities_list: @entity20178 :: ('MESH:D003306', 'Chemical') :: ['coproporphyrins']

entities_list: @entity5418 :: ('MESH:D013392', 'Chemical') :: ['sucralfate']

entities_list: @entity15506 :: ('MESH:D005913', 'Chemical') :: ['glipizide']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity6050 :: ('MESH:D011164', 'Disease') :: ['porphyria']

answer: @entity15506 :: (MESH:D005913,Chemical) :: ['glipizide']


abstract: @entity1 exposed to systemic glucocorticoids often exhibit @entity851 and after the cessation of therapy catch-up growth occurs in many, but not all @entity1 . The developmental regulation and underlying cellular mechanisms of catch-up growth are not fully understood. To clarify this issue, we established an in vitro model of catch-up growth. Here we present a protocol for the long-term culture (up to 160 days) of fetal (E20) as well as postnatal (P8) @entity35 metatarsal bones which allowed us to characterize ex vivo the phenomenon of catch-up growth without any influence by systemic factors. The relevance of the model was confirmed by the demonstration that the growth of fetal and postnatal bones were stimulated by @entity2135 (100 ng/ml) and inhibited by @entity619 (Dexa; 1 microM). We found that the capacity to undergo catch-up growth was restricted to postnatal bones. Catch-up growth occurred after postnatal bones had been exposed to Dexa for 7 or 12 days but not after a more prolonged exposure (19 days). Incomplete catch-up growth resulted in compromised bone length when assessed at the end of the 4-month period of culture. While exposure to Dexa was associated with decreased chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, catch-up growth was only associated with increased cell proliferation. We conclude that the phenomenon of catch-up growth after Dexa treatment is intrinsic to the growth plate and primarily mediated by an upregulation of chondrocyte proliferation.

title: Catch-up growth after @entity619 withdrawal occurs in cultured postnatal XXXX metatarsal bones.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIMS: To study the value of @entity687 , @entity650 and @entity1356 in vaginal wash as predictors of @entity3152 . METHODS: A prospective analysis of a study group of 200 pregnant @entity1 between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation with intact membranes and @entity3152 and a control group of 50 pregnant @entity1 during the same period of gestation. The controls had uncomplicated pregnancies and subsequently delivered at term. Samples of vaginal secretions were collected from both groups and analyzed for @entity1356 , @entity650 and @entity687 concentrations. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 in the study group, 70 had preterm deliveries, while all @entity1 in the control group had full-term deliveries. Compared with the control group, the study group had significantly higher concentrations (p < 0.021) of @entity1356 , @entity650 and @entity687 . The @entity1 in the study group delivering preterm also had @entity1356 , @entity650 and @entity687 concentrations significantly greater (p < 0.001) than those of the same group delivering full term. ROC curves were used to establish cut-off points for the three interleukins to predict @entity3152 . We did not find a cut-off point with an appropriate sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSION: The concentrations of interleukins in vaginal wash were significantly higher both in the @entity1 with @entity3152 and in those delivering preterm. While values differed between controls and those with the @entity3152 , no cut-off can be obtained to use the results of @entity1356 , @entity650 and @entity687 as a predictor clinically.

title: The value of @entity687 , @entity650 and @entity1356 in vaginal wash as predictors of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery', 'preterm labor']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['preterm delivery']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: In @entity1 with occlusive @entity14 , a complete preoperative evaluation of the colon proximal to the obstruction is often impossible. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of preoperative colonoscopy after stent placement and to determine whether the success rate of colonoscopy differs between covered and uncovered stents. METHODS: Seventy-three @entity1 with malignant @entity14 were enrolled prospectively. In @entity1 with a resectable @entity5 , a preoperative colonoscopy was performed after insertion of a self-expandable metal stent (SEMS). The success rate of complete preoperative colonoscopy was compared between covered and uncovered stents. RESULTS: Forty-five of 73 @entity1 who underwent stent placement had a resectable @entity5 (61.6%). A complete preoperative colonoscopy was possible in 40 of 45 @entity1 (88.9%). The success rate of complete preoperative colonoscopy was significantly lower in the covered-stent group when the obstructing @entity66 was located in the sigmoid colon (p=0.024). @entity5 was detected in one @entity1 (2.2%). Stent migration was observed in four @entity1 with a covered stent. CONCLUSIONS: A preoperative complete colonoscopy after SEMS placement was feasible and safe in most @entity1 with malignant @entity14 . Uncovered stents seem to have more advantages than covered stents in preoperative colonoscopy proximal to the obstruction.

title: Preoperative colonoscopy for detection of synchronous neoplasms after insertion of self-expandable metal stents in occlusive XXXX : comparison of covered and uncovered stents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Synchronous cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity3852 ( @entity3852 ) is an aggressive @entity5 with poor outcome and increasing incidence. We examined by immunohistochemistry the expression of three novel matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)- @entity32767 , @entity21328 , and @entity32768 -in 44 primary @entity5 and six lymph node @entity3 while @entity12791 served as a positive control. Their mRNA expression was also studied in the UISO @entity3852 cell line basally and after various stimulations using quantitative real-time PCR. @entity32768 was observed in @entity5 cells of 15/44 samples especially in @entity5 <2 cm in diameter (p = 0.015) while 21/44 specimens showed @entity32768 in the @entity5 stroma. Expression of @entity32767 was demonstrated in @entity5 cells of 13/43 samples. @entity21328 , instead, was positive in stromal cells (17/44) and its expression associated with @entity5 >or=2 cm in diameter (p = 0.006). Stromal expression of @entity12791 was the most frequent finding of the studied samples (31/44), but @entity12791 was detected also in @entity5 cells (17/44). Most of the metastatic lymph nodes expressed @entity12791 and @entity21328 . @entity12791 , @entity32767 , and @entity32768 mRNAs were basally expressed by the UISO cells, and the corresponding proteins were detectable by immunostaining of cultured cells. @entity3027 and @entity310 downregulated @entity32767 and @entity32768 expression. Our results suggest that novel MMPs may have a role in @entity3852 pathogenesis: especially that @entity21328 expression in stroma is associated with @entity5 with poor prognosis. Expression of @entity32767 and @entity32768 seems to associate with the @entity5 of lesser malignant potential. We also confirm the previous finding on the role of @entity12791 in @entity3852 pathogenesis.

title: Expression of @entity12791 , XXXX , @entity21328 , and @entity32768 in @entity3852 .

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma', 'MCC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'MCC tumors', 'cutaneous tumor', 'larger tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity32767 :: (118856,Gene) :: ['MMP-21']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity305 , @entity7555 , @entity2744 , @entity1581 , and @entity272 is a rare multisystem @entity8231 condition associated with @entity1581 . METHODS: From our institution's dysproteinemia database, 107 @entity1 met criteria for @entity305 , @entity7555 , @entity2744 , @entity1581 , and @entity272 between January 1, 2000, and October 1, 2009. Medical records were reviewed for documented syndrome features at diagnosis. We assessed prevalence of skin findings and associations between dermatologic and other characteristic disease findings. RESULTS: Of the 107 @entity1 , 96 (90%) had a recognized cutaneous manifestation. @entity2117 and @entity2695 were most common (47%), followed by @entity12737 (38%). Vascular skin changes--acrocyanosis (34%), @entity2407 (20%), @entity450 /erythema (20%), @entity1671 (16%), or rubor (11%)--occurred in 62%; white nails, sclerodermoid changes, and @entity5149 occurred in 30%, 26%, and 6%, respectively. Mean number of skin findings per @entity1 was 2.9 (median, 3.0; range, 0-7). Presence of cutaneous manifestation was associated with abnormal pulmonary function tests (P < 0.001); immunoglobulin G gammopathy was associated with @entity2117 and @entity12737 . No other significant associations were seen. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of skin findings (90%) shows the value of dermatologic evaluation in diagnosis of @entity305 , @entity7555 , @entity2744 , @entity1581 , and @entity272 . Our data indicate new associations between skin findings and other disease characteristics.

title: Cutaneous manifestations in XXXX with @entity7555 .

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['monoclonal gammopathy', 'plasma cell dyscrasia']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation', 'Hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity12737 :: ('MESH:D006983', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrichosis']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy', 'Polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ['Raynaud phenomenon']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity2744 :: ('MESH:C567425', 'Disease') :: ['endocrinopathy']

entities_list: @entity7555 :: ('MESH:D016878', 'Disease') :: ['organomegaly']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin changes syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8231 :: ('MESH:D010257', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: MicroRNAs are regulators of gene expression. We used miRNA-seq by the Illumina platform to quantify and compare the temporal miRNA expression profiles in the brain of a short-lived (GRZ) and a longer-lived strain (MZM) of the annual fish @entity29963 . We used fuzzy-c-means clustering to group miRNAs with similar profiles. In MZM, we found @entity5 suppressors with known negative interactions with MYC and/or positive interactions with TP53 among up-regulated miRNAs (e.g. miR-23a, miR-26a/b, @entity695 /b and miR-101a) in aged animals. Conversely, we found oncogenes which are MYC targets among down-regulated miRNAs (miR-7a, members of miR cluster 17   92). These latter were previously shown to be regulated in @entity1 replicative aging. In addition, three regulated miRNAs ( @entity29964 , @entity695 and @entity29965 ) are known to be age-regulated and to globally contribute to regulation of their targets in the @entity1 brain. Therefore, there appears to be a degree of evolutionarily conservation in age-dependent miRNA expression between @entity1 and @entity29963 . GRZ showed specific regulation of some miRNAs, notably a marked up-regulation of miR-124, a miRNA important for neuronal differentiation. The two strains differ in their miRNA expression profiles already at sexual maturity. Short lifespan in GRZ could therefore be--at least partially--due to dysregulated miRNA expression.

title: Age-dependent regulation of @entity5 -related microRNAs in the brain of the annual fish XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity29963 :: ('105023', 'Species') :: ['Nothobranchius furzeri', 'N. furzeri']

answer: @entity29963 :: (105023,Species) :: ['Nothobranchius furzeri']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Selection criteria for radical surgery in malignant @entity2615 (MPM) and related clinical trials remain controversial. The relative importance of nodal metastases and the need for pre-operative nodal staging are undetermined. METHODS: From a prospective database, we identified 212 @entity1 with non-sarcomatoid MPM (160 epithelioid and 52 biphasic). A total of 127 @entity1 underwent extrapleural pneumonectoctomy (EPP) and 85 lung-sparing total pleurectomy (LSTP) with lymphadenectomy. We investigated the effect of nodal burden and distribution in survival by testing for differences between N0, N1 and N2 disease and constructing a theoretical model dividing the @entity1 into four groups according to diseased nodes identified in the surgical specimen: Group 0, no @entity66 ; Group @entity3799 , nodes accessible by @entity3799 ( @entity3799 ): Stations 2, 3a, 4 and 7; Group EBUS/EUS, nodes accessible by endobronchial (EBUS) or endoscopic (EUS) ultrasound: Stations 2, 3a, 4 and 7-11. Group EM, extramediastinal nodes not accessible by @entity3799 or EBUS/EUS: Stations 5, 6, internal mammary, pericardial and diaphragmatic lymph nodes. RESULTS: There was no difference in overall median survival between EPP and LSTP [15.6, SE 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 12-19 months versus 13.4, @entity11632 .3, 95% CI 9-18 months, P=0.41]. @entity1 with @entity66 (n=94) had the best prognosis: median survival was 19.6 months (SE 3, 95% CI 13.2-26) versus 12 months for the 19 @entity1 with N1 (SE 1.5, 95% CI 9-15) and 13.6 months for 99 @entity1 with N2 (SE 1.7, 95% CI 10-17), P=0.015. Subgroup analysis of @entity1 with nodal metastases revealed no significant survival difference between group @entity3799 and group EBUS/EUS: achieving maximum theoretical diagnostic yield @entity3799 could detect 63 (54%) of @entity1 with @entity66 and the median survival of this group was 13.6 months ( @entity11632 , 95% CI 9.6-17.6). EBUS/EUS could detect an additional 30 cases (26%) with survival of 11.3 months (SE 1, 95% CI 9-13.6). The survival in group EM (25 cases, 21%, median survival 18.7 months, SE 6, 95% CI 7-30) was significantly better than groups @entity3799 or EBUS/EUS, P=0.002. CONCLUSIONS: There is a strong case for routine @entity3799 as a method of prognostic staging in all @entity1 undergoing radical surgery for MPM. The addition of EUS staging and the detection of nodal metastases inaccessible to mediastinoscopy had no prognostic benefit.

title: The new case for @entity3799 in selection for radical surgery for malignant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease', 'N0 disease']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'cervical mediastinoscopy']

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: Invasive cardiac catheterisation remains the reference technique for the evaluation of the effects of vasodilator drugs in @entity712 . The arterial, venous or mixed site of action can be determined. @entity1211 induce a fall in left ventricular end diastolic volume (EVD), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (EDP), and @entity64 volume (SV). Arterial vasodilators decrease left ventricular end systolic pressure (ESP), end systolic volume ( @entity5778 ) and increase the @entity64 volume. Mixed vasodilators associate the effects of both, leading to a fall in left ventricular filling pressures and an increase in SV. It is not always easy to determine the exact site of action of a given vasodilator drug. Arterial vasodilatation can only be confirmed when peripheral arterial resistances and systemic blood pressure decrease simultaneously. @entity1211 can only be formally confirmed by using other techniques such as pethysmography. Hemodynamic investigations have other fundamental objectives in the evaluation of the effects of a vasodilator, especially the demonstration of possible associated positive inotropic effects. This would be relatively easy in the case of a venous vasodilator which induces an increase in SV but more difficult in the assessment of an arterial vasodilator. Studying the distribution of regional blood flow after the administration of a vasodilator is another important objective of cardiac catheterisation. Although coronary flow can be studied properly, the hemodynamics of other regions can only be assessed approximatively. The phenomenon of tolerance at an early or late stage of vasodilator therapy can also be demonstrated by hemodynamic monitoring.

title: [Methods for evaluating vasodilator agents in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous vasodilatation', 'Venous vasodilators']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['cardiac failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lower @entity360 represents 20  % of all @entity360 . Interventional radiology has transformed the treatment of this pathology, but the long-term outcome after selective embolization has been poorly evaluated. The aim of this study is thus to evaluate the short-term and long-term outcomes after selective embolization for @entity694 . METHODS: From November 1998 to December 2010, all acute colonic embolizations for @entity548 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. The risk factors for post-embolization @entity63 were also assessed. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 underwent @entity694 . There were 6 @entity1 and 18 @entity1 with a median age of 80  years (range, 42-94  years). The underlying etiologies included @entity66 (41.9  %), @entity548 (16.7  %), @entity5 (8.2  %), @entity6713 (4.1  %), and @entity2817 (4.1  %). In 23 @entity1 , @entity548 stopped (95.8  %) after selective embolization. One @entity1 presented a recurrence of @entity548 with @entity548 and required urgent hemorrhoidal ligature. Four @entity1 required an emergent surgical procedure because of an @entity63 event (16.7  %). One @entity1 died of ileal @entity63 (mortality, 4.1  %). The level of embolization and the length of hypoperfused colon after embolization were the only risk factors for emergent operation. Mean hospital stay was 18  days (range, 9-44  days). After a mean follow-up of 28.6  months (range, 4-108  months), no other @entity63 events occurred. CONCLUSION: In our series, selective transarterial embolization for acute @entity694 was clinically effective with a 21  % risk of @entity63 . The level of embolization and the length of the hypoperfused colon after embolization should be taken into consideration for emergent operation.

title: Transarterial embolization in acute XXXX : review of 11  years of experience and long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['post-polypectomy bleeding', 'hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic', 'bowel ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2817 :: ('MESH:D016888', 'Disease') :: ['angiodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoid']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic bleeding', 'colonic embolization']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleedings', 'gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic bleeding']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Investigation of sensory innervation of @entity35 osteoporotic lumbar vertebrae using in vitro and in vivo models. OBJECTIVE: To investigate (1) sensory innervation of osteoporotic @entity35 vertebrae, (2) effects of @entity562 on sensory neurons, (3) effects of @entity170 treatment on bone mineral densities (BMDs) and the sensory innervation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity3604 @entity1 without @entity174 sometimes experience vague @entity1643 of unknown origin. The mechanisms of @entity170 treatments against the @entity158 are unclear. METHODS: (1) The expression of @entity4655 ( @entity4655 ) immunoreactive (-ir) or @entity5510 ( @entity5510 )-ir nerve fibers in vertebrae and dorsal root ganglions (DRG) innervating L3 vertebrae of @entity35 labeled with neurotracer were examined in control, sham, and ovariectomized (OVX) @entity35 . (2) Cultured @entity35 neonate DRG neurons in media containing different concentrations of @entity562 were immunostained for @entity4655 , and we measured its activity using axonal length and proportion of @entity4655 -ir neurons. (3) BMDs and @entity4655 expression in DRG neurons innervating L3 vertebrae were examined in the following 5 groups: sham (treated with saline), OVX (saline), OVX+EXE (treadmill exercise), OVX+RIS ( @entity562 ), and OVX+RIS+EXE ( @entity562 and exercise). RESULTS: (1) A few @entity4655 -ir or @entity5510 -ir nerve fibers were observed in the bone marrow. @entity4655 or @entity5510 expression in DRG was elevated in the OVX group (P < 0.05). (2) The axonal length and proportion of @entity4655 -ir neurons were dose-dependently suppressed (P < 0.05). (3) BMDs improved and the @entity4655 expression decreased in the @entity562 -treated groups (P < 0.05), especially in the OVX+RIS+EXE group. CONCLUSION: Sensory innervation of osteoporotic @entity35 vertebrae showed increased expression of @entity4655 and @entity5510 in DRG neurons. @entity562 suppressed activity of @entity4655 -ir neurons in vitro, improved BMD, and decreased @entity4655 expression, especially together with exercise in vivo.

title: The effects of @entity562 and exercise on osteoporotic lumbar XXXX vertebrae and their sensory innervation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity562 :: ('MESH:C073008', 'Chemical') :: ['risedronate', 'Risedronate']

entities_list: @entity5510 :: ('83810(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['transient receptor potential vanilloid 1', 'TRPV1']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity4655 :: ('24241(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['CGRP', 'calcitonin gene-related peptide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14478 ( @entity14478 ) is a rare condition affecting any or all posterior quadrants. Unilateral involvement of maxillary and mandibular quadrants causes a @entity18521 that requires complex management strategies. CASE REPORT: An 8 year-old @entity1 attended the Dublin Dental School and Hospital regarding infra-occlusion of his right maxillary and mandibular primary molars. Both right first permanent molars had also failed to erupt. All permanent teeth were present radiographically. Facial appearance and soft tissues were normal and oral function was not affected. The @entity1 had no significant medical history and his siblings had no similar @entity4500 . TREATMENT: The infra-occluded right first and second primary molars were extracted, and the right first permanent molars were surgically exposed. FOLLOW UP: Eruption of the premolars and molars was monitored over the next 2 years. The premolars showed signs of @entity203 and continued root development. Exfoliation of the remaining primary teeth proceeded as usual. The right first permanent molars did not erupt and were subsequently extracted. Continued @entity203 of the @entity235 and premolars reduced the inter-arch separation. A removable tongue shield appliance was suggested but declined by the @entity1 . At age 13 years, orthodontic extrusion was used to further reduce the inter-dental distance between the @entity235 and premolars. The reduction was from 5 mm to 1.5 mm between the right first premolars and from 10 mm to 5 mm between the right second premolars. Extrusion of the @entity235 teeth was also attempted to improve the smile line. The @entity235 extruded 1 mm to give a 2 mm overlap. There were no changes in centric occlusion and the midline was unaffected. In the 2 years since orthodontic treatment, the spaces have reopened slightly to 3 mm between first premolars and 6 mm between second premolars. The @entity1 is now aged 16 years and is aware that an improved aesthetic smile line may be achieved by use of onlay restorations. CONCLUSION: In this unique case, a profound unilateral @entity18521 occurred due to primary failure of @entity203 of the maxillary and mandibular teeth on the affected side. Orthodontic therapy was used to modify the position of the permanent @entity235 and premolars to reduce the @entity18521 .

title: Case report: Management of severe XXXX due to primary failure of @entity203 .

entities_list: @entity14478 :: ('MESH:C565114', 'Disease') :: ['Primary failure of tooth eruption', 'PFE']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'canines']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['eruption']

entities_list: @entity18521 :: ('MESH:D024343', 'Disease') :: ['dramatic posterior open bite', 'posterior open bite']

entities_list: @entity4500 :: ('MESH:D014071', 'Disease') :: ['dental abnormalities']

answer: @entity18521 :: (MESH:D024343,Disease) :: ['posterior open bite']


abstract: Improvement of graft survival after orthotopic liver transplantation is often attributed to @entity205 . In order to assess the effects on liver function and histology, we compared the results of conventional immunosuppression ( @entity500 / @entity617 = group I) and a triple drug regimen, which included CsA (group II) during the first year after transplantation. Group I consisted of 33 @entity1 ; group II of 18 @entity1 . Significant differences are present in favor of the CsA regimen with regard to transaminases and cholestatic parameters. Liver synthesis function was slightly better, though already very good under conventional immunosuppression. One week after transplantation, normal histology was not observed in group I, while 90% of the @entity1 showed acute rejection. In group II, 53% of the @entity1 showed normal histology; only 40% of the @entity1 in group II showed acute rejection (P less than 0.0002). One year after transplantation, liver histology was normal in 57% of the conventionally treated @entity1 and in 90% of the CsA-treated @entity1 . Also, less rejection occurred in group II during the first year after transplantation. One-year graft survival was 67% in group I and in group II 75%, which is not statistically different. @entity1011 clearance did not differ in both groups. However compared with pretransplantation @entity1011 clearances, kidney function in the CsA-treated @entity1 decreased with approximately 20 ml/min. These results show that liver synthesis and liver function are better under the CsA-containing triple-drug-maintenance regimen, which is supported by the far better liver histology. Kidney function is reduced, even under low dose CsA treatment.

title: XXXX and @entity617 immunosuppression versus maintenance triple therapy including @entity205 for orthotopic liver transplantation. A comparative biochemical and histologic study in one center.

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine', 'Creatinine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity500 :: (MESH:D001379,Chemical) :: ['Azathioprine']


abstract: Although many authors have described treatment strategies for @entity976 , the optimal treatment of @entity976 remains controversial. This study aimed to define an adequate surgical strategy for @entity976 by reviewing the long-term functional performance of @entity1 treated by current and past treatment modalities. Fifty-five @entity1 with longer than 5 years of follow-up were selected for the present long-term study. The duration of follow-up ranged from 5.5 to 33 years (median, 14.8 years). There were 28 adult @entity1 (14 males; median age, 44.4 years) and 27 @entity1 younger than 16 years of age (15 males; median age, 8.1 years). The @entity1 were divided into the following treatment groups: single surgery (group A; n=14 multiple surgeries (group B; n=8), surgery or surgeries followed by radiotherapy (group C; n=23), surgery or surgeries (partial removal) followed by radiotherapy + additional treatments (multiple surgeries and/or re-irradiation; group D; n=10). In addition to the routine assessments of @entity227 , the level of daily functioning was analyzed using the Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS). Statistical analysis of relationship between KPS score and treatment mode demonstrated that group D had a significantly lower KPS score (F=5.82, p=0.0017). Furthermore, mortality, cognitive function, and visual function were significantly better in groups A, B, and C than in group D. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that @entity73 , @entity227 , and treatment mode were independent covariates that significantly affected postoperative KPS score. Adequate primary treatment for @entity976 is important to avoid subsequent multiple treatments. @entity976 should be removed surgically as far as possible but without further deteriorating @entity73 , either as total resection or subtotal resection with a small remnant that is controllable by radiation therapy.

title: Optimal treatment strategy for XXXX based on long-term functional outcomes of recent and past treatment modalities.

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngiomas', 'Craniopharyngiomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['neurological, endocrine, and visual outcomes', 'visual disturbance']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive and visual functions', 'cognitive dysfunction']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['craniopharyngiomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Influenza virus infections can cause severe @entity647 leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Thioredoxin-1 is a redox-active defensive protein induced in response to stress conditions. Animal experiments have revealed that thioredoxin-1 has protective effects against @entity146 . This study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effects of recombinant @entity1 thioredoxin-1 administration on @entity11317 (H1N1)-induced @entity647 in @entity19 . DESIGN: Prospective animal trial. SETTING: Research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Nine-week-old male C57BL/6 @entity19 inoculated with H1N1. INTERVENTION: The @entity19 were divided into a vehicle-treated group and recombinant @entity1 thioredoxin-1-treated group. For survival rate analysis, the vehicle or recombinant @entity1 thioredoxin-1 was administered intraperitoneally every second day from day -1 to day 13. For lung lavage and pathological analyses, vehicle or recombinant @entity1 thioredoxin-1 was administered intraperitoneally on days -1, 1, and 3. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Lung lavage and pathological analyses were performed at 24, 72, and 120 hrs after inoculation. The recombinant @entity1 thioredoxin-1 treatment significantly improved the survival rate of H1N1-inoculated @entity19 , although the treatment did not affect virus propagation in the lung. The treatment significantly attenuated the histological changes and neutrophil infiltration in the lung of H1N1-inoculated @entity19 . The treatment significantly attenuated the production of @entity5 @entity39 factor-a and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 in the lung and oxidative stress enhancement, which were observed in H1N1-inoculated @entity19 . H1N1 induced expressions of @entity5 @entity39 factor-a and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 in @entity19 lung epithelial cells MLE-12, which were inhibited by the addition of recombinant @entity1 thioredoxin-1. The recombinant @entity1 thioredoxin-1 treatment started 30 mins after H1N1 inoculation also significantly improved the survival of the @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: Exogenous administration of recombinant @entity1 thioredoxin-1 significantly improved the survival rate and attenuated lung histological changes in the @entity19 model of @entity55 . The protective mechanism of thioredoxin-1 might be explained by its potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions. Consequently, recombinant @entity1 thioredoxin-1 might be a possible pharmacological strategy for severe @entity778 in @entity1 .

title: Redox-active protein thioredoxin-1 administration ameliorates @entity11317 (H1N1)-induced @entity647 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['influenza virus infection']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['various severe disorders']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity11317 :: ('11320', 'Species') :: ['influenza A virus']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['influenza pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) fractal properties of @entity5 regional blood flow assessed by using volumetric helical perfusion computed tomography (CT) and to determine its reproducibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained. Ten prospective @entity1 (eight @entity1 , two @entity1 ; mean age, 72.3 years) with @entity420 underwent two repeated volumetric helical perfusion CT studies (four-dimensional adaptive spiral mode, 11.4-cm z-axis coverage) without intervening treatment within 24 hours, with regional blood flow derived by using deconvolution analysis. Two-dimensional and 3D fractal analyses of the @entity5 were performed, after segmentation from surrounding structures by using thresholding, to derive fractal dimension and fractal abundance. Reproducibility was quantitatively assessed by using Bland-Altman statistics. Two-dimensional and 3D lacunarity plots were also generated, allowing qualitative assessment of reproducibility. Statistical significance was at 5%. RESULTS: Mean blood flow was 63.50 mL/min/100 mL    8.95 (standard deviation). Good agreement was noted between the repeated studies for fractal dimension; mean difference was -0.024 (95% limits of agreement: -0.212, 0.372) for 2D fractal analysis and -0.024 (95% limits of agreement: -0.307, 0.355) for 3D fractal analysis. Mean difference for fractal abundance was -0.355 (95% limits of agreement: -0.869, 1.579) for 2D fractal analysis and -0.043 (95% limits of agreement: -1.154, 1.239) for 3D fractal analysis. The 95% limits of agreement were narrower for 3D than 2D analysis. Lacunarity plots also visually confirmed close agreement between repeat studies. CONCLUSION: Regional blood flow in @entity5 exhibits fractal properties. Good reproducibility was achieved between repeated studies with 2D and 3D fractal analysis.

title: Reproducibility of 2D and 3D fractal analysis techniques for the assessment of spatial heterogeneity of regional blood flow in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: @entity447 is an @entity1112 characterized by an increased tendency to @entity548 . Due to recurrent haemarthroses specific changes occur in synovium and cartilage. This process is called @entity2720 . The pathogenetic mechanisms involved are not precisely known. Current concepts, which are based on experimental in vitro studies and clinical experience, hold that the synovium becomes catabolically active because of the exposure to blood components and as a result induces cartilage destruction. A considerable amount of reports concerning @entity16 suggest that synovial changes have a leading role in the development of the @entity16 and therefore precede the changes in cartilage. However, there are also observations that question whether this is the only and the initiating mechanism of @entity16 in @entity447 they hold that @entity1503 has a direct harmful effect on cartilage before synovial changes and suggest that @entity16 may occur before @entity32 is evident. Primarily there may be @entity16 with @entity603 as a consequence. These studies show that @entity603 is involved, but that it is not the only mechanism in the @entity16 caused by @entity548 . These findings do not contradict the current concept of blood-induced @entity16 in which synovial changes are thought to play an important role. Several pathological processes are possibly involved, some of them occurring in parallel and others sequentially. Possibly @entity1503 first has an direct effect on cartilage, and then it affects the synovium. Thus, both processes occur in parallel, and while they influence each other they probably do not depend on each other. This concept resembles @entity179 as found in @entity571 .

title: [Pathology of XXXX and @entity2720 ].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['synovial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'intra-articular bleeding']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia', 'Hemophilia']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X chromosome linked disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage damage', 'blood induced joint damage', 'damage of articular cartilage', 'joint damage']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['intra-articular blood']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative joint damage']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilic arthropathy']

answer: @entity603 :: (MESH:D013585,Disease) :: ['synovitis']