abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work was to develop a French version of an English quality of life questionnaire specific of @entity46 : @entity46 health profile 5. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After many translations and reverse translations, we got a first French version of EHP 5. This scale was then distributed in two centres: Poissy and Versailles. This questionnaire was completed by @entity1 with @entity46 proven and @entity1118 . We studied acceptability and feasibility. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 were included. All items have been completed satisfactorily. Our version was described as understandable and easy to complete. CONCLUSION: Our work consisted in developing a French version of EHP 5 which was very well received by the @entity1 . However, the psychometric and clinical validation remains to be done.

title: [Linguistic adaptation of the XXXX health profile 5: EHP 5].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A simple and reproducible @entity35 model that allows studies of the reversal of @entity3883 ( @entity3883 ) by internal (ID) and external ( @entity2613 ) drainage is not available at present. METHODS: @entity3883 was induced in @entity35 by double ligation and division of the common bile duct. To minimize tissue handling and dissection the duodenum was extracted with a ophthalmic muscle hook and the common bile duct isolated using very fine forceps. One week after bile duct ligation, ID was accomplished by implanting a length of @entity1 feeding tube between the dilated bile duct and the duodenum. @entity2613 was achieved by placing a PVC tube into the dilated bile duct and exteriorizing the other end at the nape of the neck. RESULTS: Minimal adhesions were found around the dilated common bile duct, which made relaparotomy for drainage easy. @entity493 transaminase, total @entity648 , alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase were significantly raised after bile duct ligation. All parameters returned to control levels after ID for 7 days. In the @entity2613 group plasma albumin was significantly decreased and alkaline phosphatase remained marginally elevated. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a simple and reproducible @entity35 model that allows for the study of reversal of @entity3883 by ID or @entity2613 . We also demonstrated that ID is superior to @entity2613 in reversing @entity409 in @entity3883 .

title: An improved @entity35 model of XXXX and its reversal by internal and external drainage.

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['OJ', 'obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['impaired liver function']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['Alanine']

answer: @entity3883 :: (MESH:D041781,Disease) :: ['obstructive jaundice']


abstract: A total of 14 @entity1 underwent endopyelotomy at our institution for treating ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction (12 primary and 2 secondary obstructions) between March 1986 and July 1989. Radiographic evaluation of the @entity1 with a minimum follow-up of 6 months demonstrated improvement in 11, while the remaining 3 were stable. These 3 were cases with primary obstruction and 2 of them had had an associated large redundant renal pelvis. No @entity1 exhibited evidence of increased @entity3041 or decreased renal function. Twelve of the 14 @entity1 had had preoperative symptoms. Complete and partial remission of the symptoms was obtained in 11 and in 1 who was radiographically stable, respectively. Thus, our success rate for endopyelotomy was 75% in primary obstruction. Successful results were obtained in all the 2 cases with secondary obstruction. There was 1 @entity1 with an intraoperative complication (extravasation) and a late complication related to the stent. However, the problems were minor and easily corrected. Our results suggest that careful selection of cases may lead to a high success rate in endopyelotomy for treating primary @entity4145 .

title: Endopyelotomy for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4145 :: ('MESH:C537373', 'Disease') :: ['UPJ obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

answer: @entity4145 :: (MESH:C537373,Disease) :: ['ureteropelvic junction obstruction']


abstract: @entity16 and @entity989 are two potentially serious late complications of @entity6 . There is accumulating evidence that the development of these conditions is closely related to increased activity of the @entity8371 pathway, which occurs in certain tissues as a consequence of long term hyperglycaemia. Symptomatic @entity3949 may appear as one of many forms and is frequently accompanied by @entity158 . @entity6 is a progressive @entity528 that represents one of the major causes of @entity1939 in the developed world. A good prognosis for either of these conditions is believed to rely on early diagnosis and optimisation of glycaemic control as they become less reversible with progression of cellular damage. A new approach to the treatment of these and other late complications of @entity6 may be offered by recently developed drugs, such as @entity3651 , that inhibit the enzyme @entity3650 reductase. In various animal models of late complications of @entity6 @entity3651 and other @entity3650 reductase inhibitors have been shown to reverse some of the biochemical and physiological changes believed to underlie these complications. These include prevention or reversal of the accumulation of @entity5121 and depletion of @entity8580 in nerve, lens and renal glomeruli. @entity3651 also counteracts the slowing of nerve conduction velocities, reverses the structural changes of Sipple stages I and II @entity231 and prevents @entity644 in @entity6 @entity35 . Orally administered @entity3651 is absorbed rapidly and reaches steady state plasma concentrations after 6 to 10 days' administration. Its elimination half-life is long (38-52 hours) and much greater than that of another @entity3650 reductase inhibitor, @entity60648 (10-12 hours). Within the dose range 50-250 mg about one-third of administered @entity3651 appears in the urine as unchanged drug. In the small number of clinical studies of @entity6 @entity1 with @entity16 @entity3651 has demonstrated limited therapeutic effects. There is now a requirement for studies of its prophylactic use and its therapeutic use in @entity1 with @entity3949 in the early stages of development.

title: @entity3650 reductase inhibitors and late complications of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['myo-inositol']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'Diabetic retinopathy', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3651 :: ('MESH:C026411', 'Chemical') :: ['Sorbinil', 'sorbinil']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts']

entities_list: @entity5121 :: ('MESH:D013012', 'Chemical') :: ['sorbitol']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathies', 'Neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity60648 :: ('MESH:C040550', 'Chemical') :: ['tolrestat']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of the retina']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity1176 analogues are widely used to treat a variety of sex hormone-related diseases, little is known about their effect on metabolism. Therefore, we have evaluated the effect of a @entity1176 analogue, administered with or without @entity441 , on serum levels of lipoproteins, @entity413 , insulin and @entity1255 (Hcy). METHODS: One hundred premenopausal @entity1 with symptomatic uterine @entity2909 were initially enrolled and randomized to receive 3.75 mg/28 days @entity3086 depot associated with 60 mg/day @entity441 (group A) or 1 placebo tablet/day (group B) for six cycles of 28 days. At entry and at cycle 6, subjects underwent anthropometric measurements, including body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio measurements, and blood chemistry assays for serum total @entity165 (TC), low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C), @entity1674 (TG), @entity413 , insulin, Hcy, @entity2186 and @entity1501 concentrations. Insulin resistance was evaluated with the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) score. RESULTS: Baseline parameters were similar in the two groups. At cycle 6, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and TG levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in group B. In group A, LDL-C levels were unchanged, and TC, HDL-C and TG levels were increased (P < 0.05). Serum TC and LDL-C levels differed (P < 0.05) between the groups. @entity413 levels were unchanged between and within groups, whereas insulin levels and HOMA scores increased (P < 0.05) versus baseline in group B. Post-treatment Hcy levels were higher (P < 0.05) versus baseline in group B; they were unchanged in group A. Serum @entity2186 and @entity1501 concentrations were unchanged in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1176 analogues alter serum lipoprotein and Hcy levels and increase insulin resistance. These acute metabolic changes may be prevented or reduced by @entity441 .

title: Lipid, @entity413 and XXXX metabolism in @entity1 treated with a @entity1176 agonist with or without @entity441 .

entities_list: @entity3086 :: ('MESH:D016729', 'Chemical') :: ['leuprolide acetate']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomas']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene', 'raloxifene hydrochloride']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['homocysteine']


abstract: @entity2828 is the second most common @entity3478 in @entity1 and adolescents. The 4 cases described in this study were diagnosed with dumbbell-shaped intraspinal and extraspinal Ewing's @entity242 . The incidence of dumbbell-shaped @entity5 of this type in the spine is 17.5%. These @entity5 are often misdiagnosed as @entity5 ( @entity808 , @entity4786 ) or @entity2967 based on imaging. @entity614 is more common than @entity1745 in @entity2828 . Preoperative biopsy is strongly recommended. As soon as @entity2828 is diagnosed by pathology, the treatment should begin with 2-3 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. @entity1347 are both recommended for exposing this @entity5 . Following surgery, chemotherapy is critical to lessen the rate of recurrence and @entity3 and to prolong the survival time. However, radiotherapy should be used with caution, as the spinal cord is sensitive to radiation; local irradiation is suggested. The @entity5 is difficult to remove en bloc in the cervical spine. It has a high rate of recurrence and @entity3 . Therefore, the prognosis of @entity2828 in the cervical region is poorer compared to that in the thoracic and lumbosacral regions.

title: Primary dumbbell-shaped XXXX of the cervical vertebra in adults: Four case reports and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['malignant bone tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neurogenic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['Anterior-posterior and posterolateral approaches']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['Radiculopathy']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing's sarcoma']


abstract: Nutrition is a critical determinant of immunocompetence and risk of illness and @entity204 largely due to @entity166 . It is now established that undernourished individuals have impaired immune responses. The most consistent abnormalities are seen in cell-mediated immunity, complement system, phagocytes, mucosal secretory antibody response and antibody affinity. These changes, together with other handicapping factors observed in underprivileged societies, lead to more @entity281 . It is now recognized that deficiencies of single nutrients also impair immune responses. The best studied are @entity219 , @entity68 , @entity2245 , @entity904 , @entity920 and @entity4259 . If @entity3147 occurs during fetal life, as epitomized by small-for-gestational age @entity1 , the effects on cell-mediated immunity are very significant and long lasting. There is much recent evidence to suggest that at the other end of the age spectrum, namely old age, nutrition plays an important role in maintenance of optimum immunity. Based on these data, several studies have documented the critical importance of nutrition in resistance to a variety of infectious challenges, including Salmonella, Listeria and coxsackie B. Similarly, in vitro and in vivo responses to @entity5 cells are modulated by nutrition. These interactions of nutrition and immunity have several practical applications, including resistance to @entity281 and @entity5 and the development of designer formulas that might help reduce the occurrence of @entity1292 in immunocompromised hosts.

title: Nutrition and immunoregulation. Significance for host resistance to XXXX and @entity166 in @entity1 and rodents.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: Pathogenesis of the lumbo-sacral nerve roots lesion is discussed especially on the role of the sympathetic nerve using thermographic investigation of the lower limbs. 50 @entity1 without any lumbar symptom were selected as control, and 97 @entity1 with lumbo-sacral nerve roots lesion, including 64 with @entity890 ( @entity890 ) and 33 with @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ), were the subjects of this study. In 33 @entity1 group thermography was taken before and after selective nerve root block. The thermograms of the control group showed almost symmetrical thermatome. 49 (76.6%) of @entity890 group had hypothermal area on the affected limb, however, particularity of the hypothermal area did not define between L5 and S1 nerve @entity75 . The @entity1 with hypothermal area of the lower limb were characterised as having apparent @entity51 and longer duration of the history from the onset, compared with the group without hypothermal area. 25 (75.8%) of @entity2649 group showed not only hypothermal but also complicated thermographic findings. The @entity1 with the complicated findings tended to have severer @entity51 . Through thermographic findings after nerve root block, it is suggested that skin distribution of the particular nerve root, for example L5 or S1 nerve root distribution, exists in the lower limbs probably related to sympathetic nerve. This study concludes that thermograms of the lower limbs reflect pathogenesis of @entity66 in some extent, and probably indicate the prognosis of the lesion.

title: [Pathogenesis of XXXX : from the view point of thermographic findings of the lower limbs].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['lumbo-sacral nerve root lesion']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['root lesion']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['LCS', 'lumbar canal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation', 'LDH']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['lumbo-sacral nerve root lesion']


abstract: @entity5550 is one of the most frequent comorbid @entity146 associated with overweight and @entity28 . @entity5550 @entity1 often suffer from other @entity146 and longitudinal studies indicate a continuous @entity1017 during the long-term course. As in other @entity1277 gender is a risk factor, but the proportion of male @entity5550 @entity1 is surprisingly high.In young @entity1 with @entity1723 is increased. In addition, @entity2690 purging as a characteristic compensatory behavior in young @entity6 @entity1 poses a considerable problem. In @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 , disturbed eating and @entity1277 are characterized by insufficient metabolic control and early development of late @entity6 . @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 are often overweight or @entity28 . @entity5550 does not occur more frequently in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 compared to healthy @entity1 . However, the comorbidity of @entity5550 and @entity2175 is associated with @entity1017 and @entity2690 resistance. Especially in young @entity6 @entity1 a screening procedure for disturbed eating or @entity1277 seems to be necessary. Comorbid @entity1 should be offered psychotherapy.

title: [ @entity1277 associated with @entity28 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes type 2']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic sequelae']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes the prevalence of subclinical types of bulimia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity5550 :: ('MESH:D056912', 'Disease') :: ['binge eating disorder', 'Binge eating disorder']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The present state of minimally invasive surgery in @entity356 is reviewed and its technical aspects are detailed. @entity1 AND METHOD: The authors provide their personal experience in a non-randomized prospective study, in two different settings (the CHU Charleroi, Belgium and the Hospital of Zum  rraga, the Basque Country, Spain) carried out between June 1993 and January 2004. In this study involving 101 @entity1 with @entity356 , the mini-invasive laparoscopic approach was employed as a surgical tool with the "aim of treatment by laparoscopy". The average age of the @entity1 was 67 years (37-83). RESULTS: Postoperativemortality after 60 days was 5 @entity1 ; 87 @entity1 were subjected to an oncological follow-up averaging 41 months (7-129). The average of survival observed in the 10 non-resected @entity1 was 4.5 months. The average of survival observed in the 10 @entity1 subjected to a palliative resection was 7.1 months. The actuarial survival after 5 years observed following type RO exeresis was 34%. The 5-years actuarial survival of the resected @entity1 was 29%. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic gastrectomy associated with any type of lymphadenectomy is a significant but safe intervention, with acceptable rates of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with advanced @entity356 , who frequently present a bad general status. The long term oncological results are similar to those obtained via laparotomy. More prospective studies are needed that evaluate the results of this approach, both its short-term benefits and the long range oncological result.

title: [Laparoscopic surgery of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical features of @entity22958 in a group of @entity1 referred because of suspected @entity320 . METHODS: In a noncomparative case series, we performed medical record review for clinical features of @entity22958 in 71 @entity1 . RESULTS: At presentation, the median @entity1 age was 54 years. All @entity1 were referred for evaluation of a pigmented iris mass, suspected to be a @entity320 . The iris color was blue or green in 51 (72%) and brown in 20 (28%). The mass proved to be a combination of iris stromal atrophy in 41 cases (58%) with exposure or loss of the underlying iris pigment epithelium; @entity4549 in 24 (34%), imparting a @entity1539 with dark-brown color; iris nodules in 5 (7%); traction elevation with iris distortion from peripheral anterior @entity5862 in 57 (80%); and @entity60163 in 53 (75%), a feature commonly found with @entity320 . The mean extent of @entity1539 was 2 clock hours. Ectropion iridis was unidirectional in 10 and multidirectional in 14. Additional features of ICE included corneal endothelial guttata-like changes in 33 (46%), @entity3279 in 7 (10%), iris pigment epithelial transillumination defects in 12 (17%), polycoria in 1 (1%), and secondary @entity726 with intraocular pressure higher than 22 mm Hg in 7 (10%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity22958 can simulate @entity320 . Features more suggestive of @entity22958 include @entity3279 , peripheral anterior @entity5862 , multidirectional @entity4549 , and @entity1539 .

title: XXXX masquerading as @entity320 in 71 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1539 :: ('MESH:D007499', 'Disease') :: ['iris atrophy', 'disfigured iris']

entities_list: @entity60163 :: ('MESH:C563581', 'Disease') :: ['corectopia']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema', 'corneal endothelial guttata-like changes and edema']

entities_list: @entity4549 :: ('MESH:D004483', 'Disease') :: ['ectropion iridis']

entities_list: @entity22958 :: ('MESH:D057129', 'Disease') :: ['iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome', 'ICE syndrome', 'Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['iris melanoma', 'melanoma']

answer: @entity22958 :: (MESH:D057129,Disease) :: ['Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome']


abstract: @entity2135 ( @entity2135 ) gene transcription is mediated largely via exon 1. In an initial search for regulatory regions, @entity35 hepatocytes were transfected with @entity2135 constructs. Since omission of downstream sequences led to reduced expression, we then used in vitro transcription to evaluate potential metabolic regulation via downstream regions. With templates including 219 base pairs of downstream sequence, transcriptional activity was reduced 70-90% with hepatic nuclear extracts from @entity6 versus normal @entity35 . However, activity was comparable with templates lacking downstream sequences. The downstream region contained six @entity3420 footprints, and templates with deletion of either region III or V no longer provided reduced transcriptional activity with nuclear extracts from @entity6 @entity35 . Nuclear protein binding to regions III and V appeared to be metabolically regulated, as shown by reduced @entity3420 protection and activity in gel mobility shift assays with nuclear extracts from @entity6 @entity35 . Southwestern blotting probes corresponding to regions III and V recognized a approximately 65-kDa nuclear factor present at reduced levels in @entity6 @entity35 . These findings indicate that a downstream region in exon 1 may be important for both @entity2135 expression and metabolic regulation. Altered concentration or activity of a transcription factor(s) binding to this region may contribute to reduced @entity2135 gene transcription associated with @entity6 .

title: Transcriptional regulation of the @entity35 XXXX gene involves metabolism-dependent binding of nuclear proteins to a downstream region.

entities_list: @entity2135 :: ('24482(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Insulin-like growth factor-I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity2135 :: (24482(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['insulin-like growth factor-I']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent reports indicate that age is not a contraindication to pulmonary resection for octogenarians with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), but other data are lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine outcomes in these @entity1 , particularly short- and long-term survival with stage I disease. METHODS: A retrospective cohort of 68 octogenarians with @entity1149 who underwent curative resection from 1980 to 2002 was followed-up for outcomes. RESULTS: Median age was 82 years old (range, 80-87 years old) consisting of 44 males (65%), with a mean follow-up of 32 months (range, 1-178 months). Operations included: 47 lobectomies (69%), 11 wedge resections (16%), 5 segmentectomies (8%), 4 bilobectomies (6%), and 1 pneumonectomy (1%). There were 31 @entity420 (46%), 18 @entity957 (26%), 12 @entity189 (18%), 4 @entity152 (6%), and 3 miscellaneous @entity5 (4%). Median hospital stay was 7 days (range, 3-53 days). Thirty-day mortality was 8.8% (n = 6) with 83% developing @entity532 . Overall actuarial survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 73%, 51%, and 34%, respectively. Of 41 @entity1 (60%) with stage I disease, 23 were T1 lesions. Five-year survival was significantly different between stages Ia and Ib @entity1 (61% and 10%, respectively, p = 0.001). @entity1 in more advanced stages had a 5-year survival of 3/27 (11%). Multivariate analysis identified advanced @entity5 stage, lower ASA physical status, and low FEV(1) as factors associated with poorer long-term survival. CONCLUSIONS: The 5-year survival, particularly in @entity1 with stage Ia @entity5 with favorable ASA and FEV(1), supports the notion that health status and @entity5 stage outweigh chronologic age in determining surgical candidates.

title: Pulmonary resection in octogenarians with XXXX : a 22-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'nonsmall cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['bronchioalveolar carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['large cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic liver resection has recently gained wide acceptance for various @entity96 , thanks to advances in surgical techniques and devices. However, if the @entity5 is located in the subdiaphragmatic area of segments 7 and 8, resection is difficult. We demonstrate herein a novel technique for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery hepatectomy (VATS-H) for @entity96 located in the subdiaphragmatic area. METHODS: Five @entity1 underwent VATS-H for a @entity96 . One port or two ports and two laparoscopic protectors were placed on the chest surrounding the @entity5 . Using intraoperative thoracoscopic ultrasonography (IOTU), the portion of the diaphragm located just above the @entity5 was cut and opened using laparoscopic coagulating shears. IOTU was performed on the liver surface, and the @entity5 margin was marked by electrocautery. For liver resection, microwave tissue coagulation or radiofrequency ablation was used for coagulation before liver transection and for coagulation of liver parenchyma during the transection. RESULTS: The mean operating time was 137  min (range 95-185  min), and the mean operative @entity190 was 43  g (range 0-200  g). No @entity260 were encountered. CONCLUSIONS: VATS-H appears useful for resecting @entity96 located in the subdiaphragmatic area.

title: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: hepatectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors', 'liver neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver neoplasm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of two 45 degrees photographic fields per eye in the screening for @entity6 with the routine ophthalmologist's examination and to study the effectiveness of visual acuity measurement in the detection of @entity1103 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Type 1 and 2 @entity6 @entity1 without a known history of more than minimal @entity989 (n = 469) had a routine examination by an ophthalmologist, including visual acuity measurement, indirect retinoscopy, and biomicroscopy. At the same time, two-field nonstereoscopic retinal photographs were made of both eyes and assessed in a masked fashion by a retinal specialist. The results were compared. RESULTS: The prevalence was 4.3% for vision-threatening @entity989 and 24% for any @entity989 . The sensitivity of two-field photography in identifying @entity6 @entity1 with sight-threatening @entity989 was 95% (specificity 99%) and sensitivity for detecting any @entity989 was 83% (specificity 88%). The percentage of referrals to an ophthalmologist was 6.2%. All @entity1 with macular @entity4 detected by biomicroscopy were classified as having vision-threatening @entity989 on the photographs. CONCLUSIONS: Two-field retinal photography is a promising alternative to the routine ophthalmologist's examination in the screening for @entity6 . Visual acuity measurement is not a sensitive tool for the detection of macular @entity4 . Screening for @entity6 using two-field retinal photography is feasible in a primary care setting and can substantially lower the number of ophthalmic referrals.

title: Two-field photography can identify @entity1 with vision-threatening XXXX : a screening approach in the primary care setting.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic macular edema']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 in an urban environment may utilize @entity341 ( @entity341 ) differently than @entity1 in a suburban environment. Previous research has demonstrated that significant differences exist among the percentage of @entity1 admitted dependent upon their mode of arrival to the @entity341 . The purpose of this study was to further investigate the admission rates of suburban versus urban hospitals based on @entity1 mode of arrival. The modes of arrival that were investigated include walk-in @entity1 , Basic Life Support (BLS) transports, and @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ) transports. METHODS: We used a retrospective cohort design. Data were collected from the @entity341 's of a suburban Level I @entity130 center and an urban Level IV @entity130 center in the same health care system. These hospitals are located 14 miles apart and see a cumulative annual volume of approximately 150,000 @entity341 @entity1 . The State's prehospital system is a two tier structure with BLS and @entity1442 . @entity1 presenting to the @entity341 from the first Wednesday of alternating months (January, March, May, July, September, and November) in 2007 were reviewed. Medical record numbers and @entity341 @entity1 tracking systems were used to determine @entity1 disposition. Confidence intervals were determined using the Agresti-Coull binomial method and p-values were determined using Pearson's chi-squared. RESULTS: A total of 2,438 @entity341 encounters were reviewed. See Table for results. CONCLUSIONS: Walk-in @entity1 at the suburban @entity341 required admission twice as often as in the urban @entity341 . No significant differences in suburban @entity341 admission rates between BLS or @entity1442 transports existed when compared to the urban @entity341 . This suggests that urban @entity1 are more likely to seek non emergent care from an @entity341 than their suburban counterparts. @entity1 activating emergency medical services had similar rates in these suburban and urban hospitals.

title: Hospital admission rates by mode of XXXX arrival: a comparison between urban and suburban emergency departments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency Departments']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'Advanced Life Support']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate vaccine coverage and humoral immunity to @entity116 , @entity7394 and @entity3328 in adults followed for @entity792 ( @entity792 ). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between June and August 2006 in a monocentric cohort of adults with SIAD. A standardized questionnaire was administered to collect medical, therapeutic and vaccine coverage data. Blood samples were collected in order to measure antibody titres against @entity7394 , @entity116 and @entity3328 (DTP). RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-six @entity1 , 32% males, mean (s.d.) age 51 (16) years, 79% receiving CSs and/or immunosuppressants, were included. The vaccine coverage was 29% for @entity7394 , 48% for @entity116 and 33% for @entity3328 . The percentages of @entity1 with no humoral immunity against DTP were 44, 21 and 12%, respectively, decreasing to 37.5, 10 and 0%, respectively, for those who had received a vaccine booster in the last 10 years. In a multivariate analysis, age and CS treatment were associated with the absence of humoral immunity against @entity7394 and female sex, @entity404 (+) T cell <200/mm(3) and an absence of @entity116 vaccine booster in the last 10 years with the absence of humoral immunity to @entity116 . CONCLUSION: Vaccine coverage against @entity116 , @entity7394 and @entity3328 is low in @entity1 with SIAD despite the risk in this population of severe @entity281 , especially when receiving immunosuppressants. A significant proportion of them had no humoral immunity against @entity7394 or @entity116 . Specific immunization schedules need to be optimized in these @entity1 .

title: @entity1 with systemic inflammatory and XXXX are at risk of vaccine-preventable illnesses.

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['poliomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity7394 :: ('MESH:D004165', 'Disease') :: ['diphtheria']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['SIADs', 'systemic inflammatory and/or autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune diseases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 2122 Background: @entity61339 is a recently developed @entity902 analogue which has been reported to be less toxic than @entity900 . In a phase I clinical trial, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 480 mg/m(2) once every 4 weeks with dose limiting @entity137 (DLT) of myelosuppression and hepatotoxicity (Proc ASCO; 14:A1556 1995). But, randomized study showed H 400 mg/m(2) was more nephrotoxic than @entity900 60 mg/m(2) in terms of @entity2629 and @entity644 when combined with @entity1487 (Ahn JH et al. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2002). We initiated a phase I study of H plus P to determine MTD, DLT and @entity137 , especially nephrotoxicity. METHODS: Eligible pts were those with advanced solid @entity5 , age 20-65, ECOG 0-1, adequate organ function, 1 or more prior chemotherapy except @entity902 or @entity3907 and informed consent. P was given first over 60 minutes with fixed dose of 60 mg/m(2) followed by H over 60 minutes on days 1, 8 and 15, every 4 weeks. The dose escalation of H was designed to treat cohorts of 3 pts at doses of 120, 150, 200, 250, 300 mg/m(2). DLT and MTD pertained to cycle 1 only. Serial blood samples were collected for determination of H and P pharmacokinetics (PK). RESULTS: Between 2002/10 and 2003/12, 15 pts were entered into the study and all pts were evaluated for @entity137 and response; median age: 45 (33-65)years, M/F: 9/6; Tumor types: 7 @entity1149 , 6 colorectals, 1 breast, and 1 @entity356 . Neither DLT nor nephrotoxicity has occurred. The highest @entity137 grade was 3 and no grade 4 @entity137 ; 4 @entity1398 , 1 @entity448 , 1 @entity1353 , and 1 @entity1142 . Antitumor acitivty has been observed with 3 PR (2 NSCLC, 1 Breast). CONCLUSIONS: This weekly combination regimen showed interesting response rate with good tolerability. MTD has not been defined and dose escalation continues. The PK data will be presented. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Phase I clinical study of @entity61339 (H) and paclitaxel (P) in previously treated patients with advanced solid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity61339 :: ('MESH:C090717', 'Chemical') :: ['Heptaplatin']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Histopathologic features alone fail to reliably stratify @entity1 with clinical Stage A nonseminomatous @entity2971 of the testis into groups with high and low risk for occult @entity3 . Previous flow cytometric studies at Indiana University demonstrated a significant correlation between high proliferative activity and @entity3 . The current study evaluated the prognostic significance of immunohistochemical markers related to @entity5 proliferation and @entity146 in a consecutive series of clinical Stage A nonseminomatous @entity2971 @entity1 who underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Archival material of the orchiectomy specimens of 62 @entity1 (45 pathologic Stage A, 17 with @entity3 ) was reviewed and immunohistochemically stained for Ki-67 antigen ( @entity1758 ), proliferation-associated nuclear antigen (PC10), @entity876 protein (Pab1801), and Factor-VIII-related antigen ( @entity2295 ). Staining with @entity1758 was significantly higher in the metastatic group (mean 80.2%, standard deviation [SD] 15.5) than in pathologic Stage A cases (66.3%, SD 27.9; P = 0.0032) and was predictive of metastatic status with a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 69%. In this study, no @entity1 with a @entity1758 value less than 52% had @entity3 . Proliferation-associated nuclear antigen and @entity876 staining correlated with @entity1758 values (R = 0.63 and 0.55, respectively) but did not correlate with metastatic status. @entity5 angiogenesis was also not predictive of metastatic status. Assessment of proliferation rates using @entity1758 antibody in clinical Stage A nonseminomatous @entity2971 @entity1 may prove helpful in predicting metastatic status.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Prognostic significance of immunohistochemical proliferation markers (Ki-67/ XXXX and proliferation-associated nuclear antigen), @entity876 protein accumulation, and @entity2295 in clinical stage A nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ-cell-tumor', 'germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity1758 :: (57534,Gene) :: ['MIB-1']


abstract: @entity2922 (CA) release from perfused cat adrenal glands was continuously monitored using an on-line system coupled to an electrochemical detector. This highly sensitive procedure allowed the detection of small changes in the rate of secretion, even using short trains of electrical stimulation or brief @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) pulses. CA release was linear with increasing strength of @entity1617 , transmural or splanchnic nerve stimulation. By using specific blockers, the contribution of nicotinic or muscarinic receptors to the overall secretory response to various stimuli could be established. That nicotinic receptors play a major role in mediating the secretory response to all stimuli is shown by the clear inhibition of the response with @entity6959 (10 microM). In contrast, @entity3897 (1 microM) halved secretion evoked by @entity1617 or nerve stimulation but had little effect on the response to trains of transmural electrical stimulation. When transmural electrical stimulation was applied continuously (instead of in trains), increasing the frequency in a step-wise manner, a bell-shaped curve was obtained; secretion reached a peak at 8 Hz and then declined sharply at 16 and 32 Hz. With this stimulation pattern, @entity3897 decreased by 50% the secretion response at the higher frequencies (4-32 Hz). Very few studies are available which define the role of receptors and ionic channels in mediating electrically-evoked CA release. These stimulation patterns have not been used previously and are likely to mimic more closely than those used in earlier studies the physiologic firing pattern of splanchnic nerves innervating adrenomedullary cells.

title: Electrically-evoked XXXX release from cat adrenals. Role of cholinergic receptors.

entities_list: @entity6959 :: ('MESH:D008464', 'Chemical') :: ['mecamylamine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['Catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity2922 :: (CHEBI:33567,Chemical) :: ['catecholamine']


abstract: Evidence from noninvasive studies suggests @entity1760 has a differential effect on atrioventricular nodal (AVN) pathways. To further explore the electrophysiologic effects of intravenous @entity2399 ( @entity2400 ) on @entity4710 , with particular reference to AVN conduction pathways, we studied 23 @entity1 with @entity4710 at the time of electrophysiologic study. @entity591 cycle length; AH, HV, and VA intervals; anterograde and retrograde Wenckebach thresholds; slow and fast pathway effective refractory periods (ERPs); accessory pathway ERP; right atrial and ventricular ERPs; blood pressure; and serum @entity1760 were evaluated before and after administration of @entity2400 during sustained @entity591 . AVN reentry was induced in 14 @entity1 and atrioventricular reentry was induced in 9; 1 of the latter had dual AVN physiology with @entity591 using the slow pathway. Serum @entity1760 level increased from 0.88 +/- 0.11 to 1.79 +/- 0.14 mmol/L (p <0.0001). @entity1760 increased @entity591 cycle length to a greater extent in those with dual AVN physiology than those without: 340 +/- 54 to 370 +/- 57 ms versus 347 +/- 29 to 350 +/- 30 ms (p = 0.01). This was associated with greater increase in AH interval in those with dual AVN physiology than in those without: 241 +/- 59 to 270 +/- 60 ms versus 144 +/- 16 to 140 +/- 20 ms (p = 0.003). Presence of dual AVN physiology was more frequently associated with reversion to sinus rhythm: 5 of 15 versus 0 of 8 (p = 0.06). @entity2400 did not alter other measured parameters. In conclusion, @entity1760 increases @entity591 cycle length and AH interval in @entity1 with dual AVN physiology through a dominant effect on the slow AVN pathway.

title: Differential effects of intravenous XXXX on atrioventricular node conduction in @entity4710 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['Tachycardia', 'tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium', 'Magnesium']

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['magnesium']


abstract: Twelve postmenopausal @entity1 (54-93 years) with primary @entity0 were treated with @entity440 due to infirmity or refusal to undergo surgery. Seven premenopausal @entity1 (32-50 years) were given preoperative chemotherapy because of large @entity5 or @entity189 . Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was used to procure @entity5 cells for diagnosis, hormone receptor determination and analysis of proliferation fraction. Aspirations were repeated every 3 months in the @entity440 group and each month in @entity1 receiving chemotherapy. Two @entity1 who responded to @entity440 had @entity5 with more than 75% @entity172 receptor positive cells. A decreased proliferation fraction was observed in two @entity5 responding to @entity440 . Eight @entity1 , all with @entity172 receptor positive @entity5 , had stable disease. Progressive disease was observed in two @entity1 with less than 25% receptor positive cells. In these @entity5 the percentage of proliferating cells remained high during therapy. Objective response was recorded for six @entity1 treated with chemotherapy. The clinical response was reflected in a decreased proliferation fraction. No correlation was observed between response and percentage of proliferating cells in the untreated @entity5 . The results suggest that analysis of @entity5 cell characteristics such as hormone receptor content and proliferation fraction can be used to predict and monitor response to endocrine treatment and chemotherapy in @entity0 .

title: Analysis of hormone receptors and proliferation fraction in fine-needle aspirates from primary XXXX during chemotherapy or @entity440 treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinomas']


abstract: Helically cut femoral artery strips from @entity1 (bypass surgery), @entity235 and @entity95 were set up for isometric recording. The endothelial layer was removed by rubbing, hence the vascular strips used in this study are considered to be arterial smooth muscle preparations without endothelium. The @entity3352 -, @entity3774 - and @entity4770 -induced changes in tone were determined. @entity3352 (3/mumol/l) potentiated the contractile responses of @entity1 and @entity235 vessels to PGF2 alpha by 60.0 +/- 10.4 and 108 +/- 12%, respectively. By contrast, the @entity3774 -induced contractions of @entity95 arteries were not enhanced by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor. PGI2 diminished the tone of the PGF2 alpha-contracted vessels obtained from all the three species in a concentration-related manner. The potency of the relaxant prostanoid differed, however, markedly (p less than 0.02) from species to species. The IC50 values (molar concentrations of PGI2 producing 50 percent reduction in the PGF2 alpha-induced tone) were 20.8 +/- 1.9, 133 +/- 24 and 286 +/- 52 nmol/l for @entity1 , @entity235 and @entity95 arteries, respectively. The results clearly demonstrate a significant interspecies difference in the @entity4770 -sensitivity of the blood vessels studied. The differential responsiveness to @entity3352 may reflect species-difference in the regulatory function of PGI2 in arterial smooth muscle tone.

title: Relaxation by @entity4770 (PGI2) of @entity1 , @entity235 and XXXX femoral artery strips. Interspecies difference.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['PGI2', 'prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['PGF2 alpha', 'prostaglandin F2 alpha']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin', 'indomethacin']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of lamellar keratoplasty (LKP) using fresh graft with limbus, combined with conjunctival limbal autograft transplantation (CLAT) and amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT), in treating severe symblepharon resulting from @entity11350 . METHODS: @entity1 with severe symblepharon visited our hospital between February 1998 and February 2003 were divided into 4 degrees based on @entity227 . Pseudopterygium was partially dissected after separation of @entity3169 , the @entity2687 was covered with partial (17 eyes) or total (9 eyes) lamellar corneal graft. Autologous limbal graft was placed onto the most seriously damaged limbus. Then the preserved pseudopterygium was receded with AMT to reconstruct fornix. All cases were followed up for 8 months to 3 years. Eye movement, @entity892 , development of corneal grafts, preserved pseudopterygium and transplanted amniotic membrane were observed. RESULTS: 25 eyes, except that 1 eye because of irreformable lagophthalmos, got considerable improvement. @entity3169 was completely relieved and @entity892 disappeared in 17 eyes. Adhesion recurred in the area covered only with amniotic membrane in 8 eyes, and 5 of them were completely relieved after one or two adhesion excisions combined with autologous conjunctival transplantation. Mild adhesion still remained in 3 eyes. Amniotic membrane began autolyzing at 1 week and completely disappeared 3 months after operation. Pseudopterygium began thinning at 1 to 3 months. Immune rejection occurred in 6 eyes, and 2 of them had second LKP. CONCLUSIONS: LKP using fresh graft with limbus, combined with CLAT and AMT, is an ideal treatment for severe symblepharon resulting from @entity11350 . Pseudopterygium can partly substitute conjunctiva to reconstruct fornix. Amniotic membrane facilitates ocular surface reconstruction by temporary protection of lesions.

title: [Ocular surface reconstruction for severe symblepharon resulting from XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of visual function']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal lesion']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['Conjunctival adhesion', 'conjunctival adhesion']

answer: @entity11350 :: (MESH:D005126,Disease) :: ['eye burns']


abstract: Protein restriction is used conventionally in the prevention and treatment of @entity2316 . Recently, the use of soy protein instead of animal protein has been postulated as a new preventive and treatment option. The aim of this study was to determine the qualitative and quantitative effects of dietary protein on biomarkers of @entity2316 in a @entity6 @entity19 model (BKS.cg-m + @entity18070 (db)/+ @entity18070 (db) @entity19 ). @entity6 (+ @entity18070 (db)/+ @entity18070 (db)) and control (m+/m+) @entity19 (n = 24/group) consumed one of four different diets ad libitum [20% casein, 20% soy protein, 12% casein or 12% soy protein (energy-based percentages)] from 35 +/- 4 d of age until termination (184-217 d of age). Blood and urine were collected throughout the study to measure biomarkers of @entity6 and @entity2316 . Kidney tissue was collected at the end of the study for weight. In @entity6 @entity19 , a 20% casein diet increased urinary albumin excretion to macroalbuminuric levels, whereas a 20% soy protein diet led to no major changes in urinary albumin excretion. Low protein diets (12%), independently of protein type, decreased urinary albumin excretion to low microalbuminuric levels. There were no significant differences in plasma @entity413 concentrations. These findings show lower urinary albumin excretion when a soy protein diet or a low casein diet is fed, suggesting a delay in the progression of @entity2316 .

title: Altering dietary protein type and quantity reduces urinary albumin excretion without affecting plasma @entity413 concentrations in BKS.cg-m + XXXX db/+ @entity18070 db (db/db) @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'Type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity18070 :: (16847(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Lepr']


abstract: The effects of @entity12593 (PB) and @entity54881 (M), two dissimilar classes of gastric secretory inhibitors, were studied in chronic @entity11541 @entity2608 . Basal and stimulated gastric secretory studies were conducted in conscious monkeys. Multiple s.c. injections of either @entity112 or @entity10026 were given hourly for four consecutive hours. One hour after the injection of the stimulants a constant plateau of gastric secretion was reached, and the test compounds were then administered as a single i.v. bolus dose. @entity12593 at doses of 0.03--0.3 mg/kg inhibited basal and @entity10026 stimulated gastric secretion, but had no effect on @entity112 stimulation. Total acid output paralleled inhibition of volume of secretion, while there was little or no effect on acid concentration. @entity54881 at the doses of 1--10 mg/kg inhibited basal, @entity10026 and @entity112 stimulated gastric secretion. @entity54881 was equally effective in inhibiting the volume of secretion and acid concentration. The scope of the gastric secretory inhibition in the @entity2608 achieved with these pharmacological agents is very similar to @entity1 . These results suggest that the @entity2608 is an important animal model for predicting clinically useful gastric secretory inhibitors.

title: Gastric antisecretory effects of @entity12593 and @entity54881 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity54881 :: ('MESH:D008785', 'Chemical') :: ['metiamide', 'Metiamide']

entities_list: @entity10026 :: ('MESH:D010418', 'Chemical') :: ['pentagastrin']

entities_list: @entity12593 :: ('MESH:D011413', 'Chemical') :: ['propantheline bromide', 'Propantheline bromide']

entities_list: @entity11541 :: ('MESH:D005747', 'Disease') :: ['gastric fistula']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkey', 'rhesus monkeys']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkeys']


abstract: The authors review the literature regarding the angiography of three @entity5 : @entity652 , @entity359 and @entity2695 . Renal @entity652 area rare. @entity1637 can be classified with papillary @entity652 ; they are fairly characteristic and can be diagnosed pre-operatively. The tubular, and particularly alveolar form cannot be distinguished angiographically from a @entity189 . @entity359 ( @entity4607 ) occur in @entity2916 or may be found alone. Angiography can first of all be an aid to topographic classification. Its isolated occurrence may cause difficulties in differentiation from a @entity189 . Certain angiographic signs may enable pre-operative diagnosis: the @entity5 veins and the frequency of a peri-renal haematoma. @entity14325 is the @entity703 which is most frequently complicated by pre-renal @entity548 . Capillary, plexiform or @entity2477 are rare. If the first two are large enough (2 cm), their homogenous hypervascularisation may permit preoperative diagnosis. The diagnosis of @entity2477 is more difficult.

title: [The accuracy of angiography in the evaluation of XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1637 :: ('MESH:D018249', 'Disease') :: ['Oncocytomas']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign renal tumours', 'demonstration of aneurysmal arterial changes, linear course of tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14325 :: ('MESH:D018206', 'Disease') :: ['Angiolipoma']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyolipoma', 'Angiomyolipomas']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous angiomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['hamartomas']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['benign renal tumours']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prolonged vasoconstrictor-stimulated phospholipase C activity can induce arterial constriction, @entity101 and smooth muscle @entity1184 / @entity1373 . Arrestin proteins are recruited by agonist-occupied G protein-coupled receptors to terminate signalling and counteract changes in vascular tone. Here we determine whether the development of @entity101 affects arrestin expression in resistance arteries, and how such changes alter arterial contractile signalling and function. Arrestin2/3 expression was increased in mesenteric arteries of 12 week-old spontaneously- @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) compared to normotensive @entity35 -Kyoto (WKY) controls, while no differences in arrestin expression were observed between 6 week-old SHR and WKY animals. In mesenteric artery myography experiments, high extracellular @entity3529 -stimulated contractions were increased in both 6 and 12 week-old SHR animals. Concentration-response experiments for @entity20548 ( @entity856 ) acting through P2Y receptors displayed a leftward shift in 12 week, but not 6 week-old animals. Desensitization of @entity856 -stimulated vessel contractions was increased in 12 (but not 6) week-old SHR animals. Dual IP3/ @entity141 imaging in mesenteric arterial cells showed that desensitization of @entity856 and @entity1827 ( @entity1827 ) responses, was enhanced in 12 (but not 6) week-old SHR compared to WKY @entity35 . siRNA-mediated depletion of arrestin2 for @entity856 and arrestin3 for @entity1827 , reversed the desensitization of PLC signalling. In conclusion, arrestin2 and 3 expression is elevated in resistance arteries during the emergence of the early @entity101 phenotype, which underlies an enhanced ability to desensitize vasoconstrictor signalling and vessel contraction. Such regulatory changes may act to compensate for increased vasoconstrictor-induced vessel contraction.

title: Defining the roles of arrestin2 and arrestin3 in vasoconstrictor receptor desensitization in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity20548 :: ('CHEBI:15713', 'Chemical') :: ["uridine 5'-triphosphate"]

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The primary aim of this study was to establish the incidence and the lateralizing value of 'lateralized ictal immobility of the upper limb' (LIL) in @entity1 suffering from @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ), and to describe the connection between LIL and other clinical ictal signs. We retrospectively reviewed video records of 87 @entity1 with @entity1315 . We reviewed a total of 276 focal @entity302 with or without secondary generalization. We studied the incidence of LIL, its lateralizing value, and its relationship to other ictal clinical signs. Of the 87 @entity1 , 49 had undergone a successful resective surgery at least 1 year prior to the study. LIL is a late sign in the course of partial @entity410 . It occurred in 25 of our 87 @entity1 (28.7%), and in 47 of 276 @entity410 (17.1%). In all of the evaluated @entity410 , LIL occurred contralateral to the side of @entity410 onset (P < 0.001). LIL was always associated with @entity3140 , and in 63.1% of the occurrences, it was immediately followed by @entity3519 . LIL is a more accurate term to describe what has previously been called 'ictal paresis' in the literature. Due to the inability to execute proper testing during a partial @entity410 , it is better to use the term LIL when making a visual analysis of a @entity410 . LIL is a more suitable term to describe the studied ictal sign. It is a relatively frequent sign in @entity1 with @entity1315 . LIL has an excellent lateralizing value for the contralateral hemisphere. It is a negative motor sign, and its genesis is probably associated with the @entity302 involvement of the @entity75 .

title: Lateralized ictal immobility of the upper limb in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral frontal lobe']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral upper limb automatisms']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epileptic']

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['ictal dystonia']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study assessed whether ultra-small particles of @entity1933 (USPIO) intravascular contrast agent could enhance visualization of @entity5 microvascularity in F98 @entity11 bearing @entity35 by means of ultra high field (UHF) high-resolution gradient echo (GRE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In an effort to explain differences in visualization of microvascularity before and after USPIO administration, @entity519 and vessel diameters were assessed on corresponding histopathologic sections. MATERIALS AND METHODS: F98 @entity11 cells were implanted stereotactically into the brains of syngeneic Fischer @entity35 . Based on clinical criteria, @entity35 were imaged 1 to 2 days before their death with and without USPIO contrast on an 8 Tesla MRI. To identify @entity519 regions of the @entity1313 by immunohistochemical staining, a subset of animals also received a @entity9110 -based @entity519 marker, EF5, before euthanasia. These sections then were compared with noncontrast enhanced MR images. The relative caliber of @entity5 microvasculature, compared with that of normal brain, was analyzed in a third group of animals. RESULTS: After USPIO administration, UHF high-resolution GRE MRI consistently predicted increased microvascular density relative to normal gray matter when correlated with histopathology. The in-plane visibility of @entity11 microvascularity in 22 @entity35 increased by an average of 115% and signal intensity within the @entity5 decreased by 13% relative to normal brain. @entity5 microvascularity identified on noncontrast MR images matched @entity519 regions identified by immunohistochemical staining with a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 89%. UHF GRE MRI was able to resolve microvessels less than 20 micro in diameter, although differences in @entity5 vessel size did not consistently account for differences in visualization of microvascularity. CONCLUSIONS: USPIO administration significantly enhanced visualization of @entity5 microvascularity on gradient echo 8 T MRI and significantly improved visualization of @entity5 microvascularity. Microvascularity identified on precontrast images is suspected to be partly associated with @entity519 .

title: High resolution ultra high field magnetic resonance imaging of XXXX microvascularity and @entity519 using ultra-small particles of @entity1933 .

entities_list: @entity9110 :: ('CHEBI:67135', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroimidazole']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: A 47-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our emergency room because of @entity417 and @entity697 . She reported recurrent @entity221 and a sore throat. Clinical examination and CT scans showed general @entity4 and @entity382 . In the course of the disease she developed @entity3043 with @entity221 , @entity5390 , and @entity1150 . The histological examination of a lymph node showed a reactive, EBV-associated @entity3298 . The examination of the bone marrow showed an activated marrow. The diagnosis of an active @entity2025 was established with 2 x 10(6)/ml EBV gene copies in the blood. In addition, @entity1252 was diagnosed because of the @entity2621 and clinical findings. The immunohematological examination showed autoantibodies against the three blood cell compartments. Because of the severe @entity3043 as a result of the EBV- and @entity1252 -associated autoantibodies and despite recurrent infections, we initiated immunosuppressive therapy with low-dose @entity288 . This therapy resulted in normalization of the blood counts. Anitibody levels and the EBV genome levels became negative.

title: [ @entity3043 and XXXX . Cardinal symptoms of an unusual differential diagnosis].

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute tonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenitis']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['typical autoantibody constellation']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node swelling']

entities_list: @entity2025 :: ('MESH:D020031', 'Disease') :: ['EBV infection']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus', 'SLE']

entities_list: @entity5390 :: ('MESH:D011001', 'Disease') :: ['pleuropneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['liver enlargement']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever', 'fever']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['lymph node swelling']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare audio-vestibular findings caused by a dehiscence of the posterior semicircular canal with those found in the superior @entity6783 . STUDY DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: University hospital, tertiary referral center. @entity1 : The 44-year-old @entity1 suffered from a gradual @entity393 with @entity392 as well as sound and pressure-induced vertigo. INTERVENTION: Audio-vestibular testing and high-resolution computed tomography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The superior @entity6783 is caused by failure of normal postnatal bone development in the middle cranial fossa leading to absence of bone at the most superior part of the superior semicircular canal. The typical features for this syndrome are sound- and pressure-induced @entity1319 , @entity392 and apparent conductive @entity393 in spite of normal middle-ear function. We present a @entity1 with very similar symptoms and findings who, instead, had a posterior semicircular canal dehiscence caused by an apex @entity3540 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with semicircular canal dehiscence have common auditory-vestibular features regardless of which of the two vertical semicircular canals is affected. The only obvious difference between the two is the vertical component of the sound and pressure-induced @entity1319 (which beats in opposite directions).

title: Posterior @entity6783 caused by an apex XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'Patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity6783 :: ('MESH:D013529', 'Disease') :: ['canal dehiscence syndrome']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['pulse synchronous tinnitus', 'pulse-synchronous tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['vertigo with torsional eye movements', 'eye movements']

answer: @entity3540 :: (MESH:D002781,Disease) :: ['cholesteatoma']


abstract: The distribution of profiles containing the m2-muscarinic @entity934 receptor within the aged @entity1 basal forebrain and its relationship to cholinergic and noncholinerigc neurons and alterations in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) was investigated by using an m2-specific monoclonal antibody (Levey et al. [1995] J. Comp. Neurol. 351:339-356). Immunocytochemistry revealed that the m2 receptor protein is expressed primarily in noncholinergic multipolar neurons (mean+/-S.E.M.; 355.7+/-15.4 microm2) located primarily outside the cholinergic nucleus basalis subfields. Dual-stained sections from the septal/diagonal band complex revealed that m2 was detected in only 14% of @entity1877 acetyltransferase-labeled neurons, whereas only 13% of m2-stained neurons colocalized @entity1877 acetyltransferase. Within the nucleus basalis, @entity1877 acetyltransferase was found in 35% of the m2-labeled neurons, whereas only 6% of @entity1877 acetyltransferase-stained perikarya were dual labeled for m2. Although we did not visualize colocalization of m2+/ @entity1877 acetyltransferase-immunonegative neurons and the inhibitory neuropeptide galanin, galaninergic fibers coursed in close apposition to m2+ cells. Cell counts demonstrated that 90% of @entity1877 acetyltransferase-labeled striatal neurons expressed the m2 receptor. Despite the extensive reduction in cholinergic basal forebrain neurons, cell counts of the relative number ofm2-immunoreactive neurons within the nucleus basalis complex from aged controls and @entity195 @entity1 revealed that the m2 neurons are spared. Finally, our findings suggest that most m2 receptors in the cholinergic basal forebrain are located on noncholinergic structures; therefore, they are not the major source of m2 receptors in the cortex. Thus, the reduced levels of the m2 receptor seen in @entity195 cortex probably reflect changes in other neuronal populations.

title: m2 muscarinic @entity934 receptor-immunoreactive neurons are not reduced within the nucleus basalis in XXXX : relationship with cholinergic and galaninergic perikarya.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the effects of @entity815 ( @entity815 )-free essential @entity535 (AA) tablets enriched in @entity669 and @entity2340 on the performance of intellectually disabled adult @entity1 with untreated @entity814 ( @entity814 ). METHODS: @entity815 -free AA tablets and placebo tablets were administered to 19 untreated @entity814 subjects on a normal diet for 6 mo in a prospective double-blinded crossover study. The adaptive behaviour of the @entity1 was tested prior to the study and at 6 and 12 mo after the start, using a simplified version of the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale. For each sub-domain, the @entity1 were rated either "0" (for poor performance) or "1" (for good performance). Neurological signs and symptoms and specific behavioural characteristics were recorded monthly by caretakers. Every 6 mo, neurological examination of the @entity1 was performed, and the caretakers were interviewed. The statistical significance of the results was tested by means of the Fisher's exact and Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS: The most significant changes were an improved concentration and the development of a meaningful smile, which were observed in 44% and 43% of the @entity1 on AA tablet treatment, respectively, but not @entity1 on placebo. Other important but less significant changes included increased awareness of external stimuli (63%) and less self-injury (43%), and 40% were smiling and laughing occasionally. The mean overall rating increased from an initial value of 6.3 to 10.1 in @entity1 when on AA tablet treatment (p=0.002), and to 7.0 in @entity1 when on placebo (p=0.068). The difference between active AA treatment and placebo was statistically significant (p=0.027). CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study suggests that @entity815 -free AA tablets enriched in @entity669 and @entity2340 may improve the quality of life in some intellectually disabled adults with untreated @entity814 .

title: Behavioural effects of @entity815 -free @entity535 tablet supplementation in intellectually disabled adults with untreated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity814 :: ('MESH:D010661', 'Disease') :: ['PKU', 'phenylketonuria']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['Phe', 'phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity814 :: (MESH:D010661,Disease) :: ['phenylketonuria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity309 is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of severe extra-articular @entity309 (ExRA) manifestations on the risk of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) in @entity1 with @entity309 . METHODS: @entity1 with ExRA (n = 81) according to predefined criteria and controls (n = 184) without evidence of @entity2760 were identified from a large research database of @entity1 with @entity309 . In a structured review of the medical records, the occurrence and the date of onset of clinically diagnosed @entity65 events were noted. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the effect of ExRA on the risk of first ever @entity65 events after the diagnosis of @entity309 . ExRA manifestations were modelled as time-dependent covariates, with adjustment for age, sex and smoking at the diagnosis of @entity309 . @entity66 and @entity309 factor seropositivity were entered as time-dependent variables. @entity1 were followed until onset of @entity65 , @entity204 or loss to follow-up. RESULTS: ExRA was associated with a significantly increased risk of first ever @entity65 events (p<0.001), and also with an increased risk of new-onset @entity453 , adjusted for age, sex and smoking (hazard ratio (HR): 3.16; 95% confidence interval (95% CI: 1.58 to 6.33). The association between ExRA and any first ever @entity65 event remained significant when controlling for age, sex, smoking, @entity6470 (HR: 3.25; 95% CI: 1.59 to 6.64). CONCLUSION: Severe ExRA manifestations are associated with an increased risk of @entity65 events in @entity1 with @entity309 . This association is not due to differences in age, sex, smoking, @entity16 . It is suggested that @entity262 is a major determinant of @entity65 in @entity309 .

title: @entity2760 manifestations are associated with an increased risk of first ever cardiovascular events in XXXX with @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6470 :: ('MESH:C538347', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid factor and erosive disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Onset of erosive disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid factor or erosive joint damage']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic extra-articular disease']

entities_list: @entity2760 :: ('MESH:D011111', 'Disease') :: ['extra-articular disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'Rheumatoid arthritis', 'rheumatoid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We wanted to examine whether the features of the @entity209 carried an increased risk of @entity174 . METHODS: This is a population-based, 6-year follow-up of 27,159 subjects from the municipality of Troms  , followed from 1994 until 2001. Age range was 25-98 years. Non-fasting serum levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), @entity1674 and @entity413 , blood pressure (BP), weight and height were measured at baseline. All @entity174 were registered by computerised search in radiographic archives. RESULTS: A total of 1,249 @entity174 were registered. Increasing number of @entity209 features was associated with significantly reduced @entity174 risk in both @entity1 and @entity1 , p= 0.004 and p<0.0001, respectively. High BP was protective against @entity174 in @entity1 [relative risk (RR) 0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8-0.99)] while increased body mass index (BMI) was protective in @entity1 (RR 0.91; 95% CI 0.84-0.98). Increasing non-fasting serum levels of HDL increased @entity174 risk in @entity1 (RR 1.12; 95% CI 1.05-1.21). BMI modified the effect of HDL in @entity1 . Accordingly, high HDL increased @entity174 risk in @entity1 with high BMI (RR 1.51; 95% CI 1.2-1.9). CONCLUSIONS: Increasing burden of @entity209 features protects against @entity174 . Reduced @entity174 risk was associated with high BP in @entity1 and increased body mass in @entity1 . Lower non-fasting serum levels of HDL protect against @entity174 in @entity1 and @entity28 @entity1 .

title: Features of the XXXX and the risk of @entity174 : the Troms   study.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['non-vertebral fracture', 'fractures', 'fracture', 'non-vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: We retrospectively reviewed @entity260 in 105 @entity1 with @entity201 who underwent hepatectomy at Nagoya University Hospital from January 1990 through March 1999. Of the 105 subjects, 97 (92.4%) underwent resection of two or more Healey's segments of the liver. Combined portal vein resection was performed in 33 (31.4%) @entity1 and pancreatoduodenectomy in 10 (9.5%). Twenty (19.0%) @entity1 had no @entity260 , another 39 (37.1%) @entity1 had minor complication(s) only, and the remaining 46 (43.8%) developed major complication(s). The morbidity rate reached as high as 81.0%. Major complications required relaparotomy in 11 (10.5%) @entity1 . Of the 46 @entity1 with major complication(s) 36 recovered; the remaining 10 @entity1 died of @entity1578 with other organ failure(s) or of intraabdominal bleeding 12, 14, 18, 21, 57, 75, 75, 87, 93, or 134 days after surgery. Thus the 30-day mortality was 3.8% and the overall mortality 9.5%. Pleural effusion was the most frequent complication found in 66 (62.9%) @entity1 , followed by wound sepsis in 39 (37.1%), and then @entity1578 in 29 (27.6%). @entity1578 developed in 16.7% of 48 @entity1 with less than 50% liver resection and in 36.8% of 57 @entity1 with 50% or more resection (P < 0.05). Other organ failures, including renal, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and @entity1503 , developed as a sign of @entity881 following @entity1578 in most @entity1 or preceding @entity1578 in a few @entity1 . None of the six @entity1 with four or more organ failures survived. Hepatectomy for @entity201 is risky owing to @entity409 in @entity1087 @entity1 and the technical difficulty associated with hepatobiliary resection. Our goal is to reduce mortality to less than 5% while keeping a high resectability rate (above 80%).

title: Complications of hepatectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['jaundiced']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['impaired hepatic functional reserve']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic failures']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['Liver failure', 'liver failure']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: AIMS: This multicenter, multinational, randomized, double-blind, controlled, parallel-group study, was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of a fixed combination topical medicinal product, containing 0.2% @entity4023 and 1% @entity1217 (HA- @entity15838 ) (Connettivina Plus cream) versus 1% @entity1217 cream alone ( @entity15838 ), in the treatment of second-degree burns. METHODS: 111 adult @entity1 (age 18-75 years) of both sexes, with IIa-degree (superficial) and IIb-degree (deep dermal) burns, were randomized to receive HA- @entity15838 or @entity15838 . Treatments (approximately 5 g/100 cm2) were applied once a day until the wounds healed, but for no longer than 4 weeks. Burns had to have occurred within 48 hours from the start of treatment, be caused by @entity130 , and be confined to the trunk and/or upper and lower extremities. RESULTS: Results showed that both the fixed combination HA- @entity15838 , and @entity15838 alone, were effective and well tolerated topical agents for the treatment of second-degree burns. All burns were healed except in one @entity1 treated with @entity15838 . It was also observed that the fixed combination HA- @entity15838 caused a significantly more rapid re-epithelialization of burns, i.e. a shorter time to healing, than @entity15838 alone. The difference recorded--4.5 days--was statistically significant (p = 0.0073). CONCLUSION: The observed shorter time to healing caused by the fixed combination is clinically relevant and further demonstrates the wound healing activity of HA.

title: Second-degree burns: a comparative, multicenter, randomized trial of XXXX plus @entity1217 vs. @entity1217 alone.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1217 :: ('MESH:D012837', 'Chemical') :: ['silver sulfadiazine']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['thermal injury']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['hyaluronic acid']

answer: @entity4023 :: (MESH:D006820,Chemical) :: ['hyaluronic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Previous experience in the treatment of plaque with @entity221 in orthopaedics led the authors to investigate the effectiveness of this approach in @entity1 with @entity545 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The study population comprised 60 @entity1 (aged 36-76 years) with advanced @entity545 . @entity1 were divided into two groups (A and B), with 30 in each. Group A @entity1 underwent local @entity221 treatment, with 30-min treatment sessions twice a week for 5 weeks. @entity1 received a total of 10 applications, which reached a local temperature of 39-40 degrees C. A second cycle was repeated after a 1-month interval for a total of 20 treatment sessions. Group B @entity1 were treated with intra-plaque infiltrations using 10 mg @entity1855 ; they received one infiltration once a week for 3 months. Differences between the two groups, as well as between variables (before and after treatment), were analysed using Student t-test and Fisher test. RESULTS: @entity221 significantly reduced plaque size and penile curvature and led to an increase in mean scores of erectile function (EF) domain, while @entity1855 had no such effects. Haemodynamic parameters were not significantly modified in either group. @entity221 caused significantly fewer side effects than @entity1855 infiltrations and was significantly more effective in preventing disease progression. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of @entity158 reduction during erection. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study stress the efficacy of @entity221 in the treatment of advanced @entity545 .

title: Role of @entity221 in the treatment of XXXX : a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ["Peyronie's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'Hyperthermia']

answer: @entity545 :: (MESH:D010411,Disease) :: ['Peyronie's disease']


abstract: The determination of @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) may have a role in the diagnosis of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) or guiding @entity712 therapy. This study investigated the role of @entity3876 determination in a cohort of elderly @entity1 admitted to hospital with acute decompensated @entity712 and its correlation with main demographic, clinical, and instrumental data and evaluated possible association with major outcome such as mortality or readmission after a 6-month period of follow-up. Methods. From October 2011 to May 2014 consecutive @entity1 admitted to our unit with symptoms of acute @entity712 or worsening of chronic @entity712 entered the study collecting functional, echocardiographic, and hydration parameters. Correlation between @entity3876 and main parameters was analysed, as well as the mortality/6-month readmission rate. Results. In 951 @entity1 (mean age 71   ys; 37% females) a positive correlation was obtained between @entity3876 and age, @entity1011 levels, NYHA class at admission and discharge, and levels of hydration; an inverse, negative correlation between @entity3876 and @entity1372 levels, LVEF, distance performed at 6MWT at admission and at discharge, and scores at MMSE at admission and discharge emerged. @entity3876 levels at admission and at discharge were furthermore clearly associated with mortality at 6 months (Chi-square 704.38, p = 0.03) and hospital readmission (Chi-square 741.57, p < 0.01). Conclusion. In an elderly @entity712 population, @entity3876 is related not only with clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data but also with multidimensional scales evaluating global status; higher @entity3876 levels are linked with a worse prognosis in terms of mortality and 6-month readmission.

title: Correlation between B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Functional/Cognitive Parameters in Discharged XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'B-type natriuretic peptides']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Congestive Heart Failure']


abstract: @entity54790 , a @entity66 , is a self limiting non-neoplastic @entity74 of jaws. It is a self limiting disease and rarely apparent before the age of two years. It occurs in @entity1 and predominantly in @entity1 . It is characterized by clinical bilateral swelling of cheeks due to bony enlargement of jaws that give the @entity1 a typical 'cherubic' look. Regression occurs during puberty when the disease stabilizes after the growth period leaving some @entity154 and @entity3232 . @entity54790 may occur in solitary cases or in many members of the family, often in multiple generations. Radiographically, lesion appears as bilateral multilocular radiolucent areas. Since it was first described by Jones in 1933, many cases have been documented. Here a case of 8 years old cherubic @entity1 , with his clinical appearance as well as radiological evaluation and discussion about clinical outcome are presented. The @entity1 was diagnosed but not treated.

title: XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patient', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['facial deformity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric disease']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['malocclusion']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant fibro-osseous disorder']

answer: @entity54790 :: (MESH:D002636,Disease) :: ['Cherubism']


abstract: A 26-year-old @entity1 presented with migrated right lower @entity490 and without any history of @entity1503 . Blood routine test showed a leukocyte count of 22.74 * 10(9)/L, with 91.4% neutrophils, and a platelet count of 4 * 10(9)/L before admission. The case question was whether the team should proceed with surgery. Obviously, a differential diagnosis is essential before making such a decision. @entity697 was easily diagnosed based on clinical findings, including migrating @entity490 , a leukocyte count of 22.74 * 10(9)/L and the result of abdominal computed tomography scan. However, it was not clear whether the severe @entity882 was primary or secondary. So smear of peripheral blood and aspiration of bone marrow were ordered to exclude @entity1503 . Neither of the tests indicated obvious pathological hematological changes. There was no @entity828 found by ultrasound examination of the liver and spleen. Therefore, operative intervention may be a unique clinical scenario in acute severe @entity698 @entity1 with secondary @entity882 .

title: Non-surgical contraindication for @entity697 with secondary XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological systemic diseases', 'hematological diseases']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['thrombocytopenia']


abstract: @entity1530 represents a family of closely related antigens. Six alleles which differ in a limited number of @entity377 substitutions have been described (B*2701--B*2706). These changes are clustered in alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains. Polymerase chain reaction strategies were designed to amplify specific regions of class I exons 2 and 3. Amplified sequences were tested with eight sequence-specific oligonucleotides to distinguish all @entity4788 subtypes. We also subtyped @entity4788 in 50 healthy Spanish individuals using this procedure. The B*2705 subtype is over-represented in our population (96%). The remaining 4% carried the B*2702 allele. This finding is in agreement with the frequencies described by other techniques (cytotoxic T lymphocytes and isoelectric-focusing) for Caucasian populations. Class I oligotyping is a poorly developed field with significant potential applications. This procedure of genotyping @entity4788 alleles is a reliable method which can be used in transplantation and @entity4788 -associated disease studies.

title: Molecular typing of XXXX alleles.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity1530 :: (3106,Gene) :: ['HLA-B27']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity301 ( @entity301 ) mortality is four times higher in 50-year-old Lithuanian @entity1 than in 50-year-old Swedish @entity1 . The difference cannot be explained by standard risk factors. The objective of this study was to examine differences in psychosocial risk factors for @entity301 in the two countries. METHODS: The LiVicordia study is a cross-sectional survey comparing 150 randomly selected 50-year-old @entity1 in each of the two cities: Vilnius, Lithuania, and Link  ping, Sweden. As part of the study, a broad range of psychosocial characteristics, known to predict @entity301 , were investigated. RESULTS: In the @entity1 from Vilnius compared with those from Link  ping, we found a cluster of psychosocial risk factors for @entity301 ; higher job strain (p <.01), lower social support at work, lower emotional support, and lower social integration (p values <.001). Vilnius @entity1 also showed lower coping, self-esteem, and sense of coherence (p values < .001), higher vital exhaustion, and @entity308 (p values < .001). Quality of life and perceived health were lower and expectations of ill health within 5 to 10 years were higher in Vilnius @entity1 (p values < .001). Correlations between measurements on traditional and psychosocial risk factors were few and weak. CONCLUSIONS: The Vilnius @entity1 , representing the population with a four-fold higher @entity301 mortality, had unfavorable characteristics on a cluster of psychosocial risk factors for @entity301 in comparison with the Link  ping @entity1 . We suggest that this finding may provide a basis for possible new explanations of the differences in @entity301 mortality between Lithuania and Sweden.

title: Increased psychosocial strain in Lithuanian versus Swedish XXXX : the LiVicordia study.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'Coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite the vast number of clinical trials conducted so far, @entity1358 ( @entity1358 )-based @entity5 vaccines have mostly shown unsatisfactory results. Factors and manufacturing procedures essential for these therapeutics to induce effective anti- @entity5 immune responses have yet to be fully characterized. We here aimed to identify @entity1358 markers correlating with clinical and immunological response in a @entity263 vaccination regimen. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We performed an extensive characterization of DCs used to vaccinate 18 @entity263 @entity1 enrolled in a pilot trial of @entity60248 ( @entity60248 ) peptide vaccination (NCT00908258). 114 peptide-pulsed @entity1358 preparations manufactured were analyzed by gene expression profiling, cell surface marker expression and cytokine release secretion and correlated with clinical and immunological responses. RESULTS: DCs showing lower expression of tolerogenic gene signature induced strong antigen-specific immune response and slowing in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) velocity, a surrogate for clinical response. These DCs were also characterized by lower surface expression of @entity5750 , secretion of @entity688 and @entity2842 ; and greater secretion of MDC. When combined, these four factors were able to remarkably discriminate DCs that were sufficiently potent to induce strong immunological response. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1358 factors essential for the activation of immune responses associated with @entity60248 vaccination in @entity263 @entity1 were identified. This study highlights the importance of in-depth characterization of @entity1358 vaccines - and other cellular therapies, to understand the critical factors that hinder potency and potential efficacy in @entity1 .

title: Expression of @entity5750 , @entity688 and tolerogenic signature in dendritic cells inversely correlate with response to @entity60248 vaccination in @entity263 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity60248 :: ('445347', 'Gene') :: ['TCR gamma alternate reading frame protein', 'TARP']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Dendritic cell', 'DC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']