abstract: BACKGROUND: Baseline parameters that may be predictive of outcome after @entity2816 treatment have been investigated to identify which @entity1582 @entity1 subgroups will most benefit from this drug. METHODS: @entity2816 has been used as a salvage regimen at the study institution since 1999. A total of 102 @entity1582 @entity1 who were diagnosed between January 1999 and February 2005 were evaluable for intention-to-treat analysis; 78 @entity1 received @entity2816 (at a dose of 100 mg/day continuously) and @entity619 (at a dose of 40 mg/day on Days 1-4 each month) ( @entity8527 ) as salvage treatment whereas 24 @entity1 died or were lost to follow-up before the initiation of @entity8527 . Several parameters such as serum @entity2262 , serum @entity1851 , immunoglobulin A isotype, hemoglobin, stage of disease, @entity236 , age, serum @entity1011 , gender, stem cell transplantation at the time of diagnosis, and time to first disease progression were analyzed in association with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: The @entity1349 from the time of diagnosis was 43.8 months. Using univariate analysis, factors found to be associated with a @entity1349 were a @entity1011 level > or =2 mg/dL (P = .05), stage III (P = .04), and time to first disease progression < or =12 months (P < .0001). The only factor that remained significantly associated with a @entity1349 in multivariate models was time to first disease progression < or =12 months (P = .0006). Elevated serum @entity2262 was not found to be predictive of poor @entity1349 . CONCLUSIONS: Time to first disease progression >12 months was found to be the best indicator of @entity1349 . Elevated serum @entity2262 , generally considered to be a poor prognostic factor, was not found to be predictive of outcome.

title: Time to first disease progression, but not @entity2262 , predicts outcome in XXXX @entity1 who receive @entity2816 as salvage therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide', 'thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow plasmacytosis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'shorter OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether @entity7241 ( @entity7241 )-based dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) may be a useful method for assessing fraction of radiobiologically @entity519 cells in @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A-07 and R-18 @entity1 @entity320 xenografts were used as preclinical @entity5 models. DCE-MRI was performed at a voxel size of 0.23 x 0.47 x 2.0 mm(3). Tumor images of E . F (E is the initial extraction fraction of @entity7241 and F is blood perfusion) and lambda (the partition coefficient of @entity7241 ) were produced by subjecting DCE-MRI series to Kety analysis. Microvascular density and @entity3144 ( @entity3144 ) were determined by analysis of histological preparations. The fraction of radiobiologically @entity519 cells was measured by the paired survival curve method. RESULTS: E . F correlated with microvascular density, and lambda correlated with @entity3144 . The fraction of @entity519 cells was approximately 6.5-fold higher in R-18 @entity5 than in A-07 @entity5 , consistent with the observation that A-07 @entity5 showed higher values for E . F and microvascular density and lower cell density (i.e., higher values for lambda and @entity3144 ) than R-18 @entity5 . CONCLUSION: E . F and lambda images obtained by Kety analysis of DCE-MRI series contain information that may be utilized to estimate the extent of radiobiological @entity519 in @entity5 .

title: Assessment of microvascular density, XXXX , and radiobiological @entity519 in @entity1 @entity320 xenografts by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['gadopentetate dimeglumine', 'Gd-DTPA']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity3144 :: ('MESH:C535509', 'Disease') :: ['extracellular volume fraction', 'ECVF']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity3144 :: (MESH:C535509,Disease) :: ['extracellular volume fraction']


abstract: CONTEXT: Gastric emptying (GE) is a major @entity4053 . Because the presence of fat in the small intestine inhibits GE, ingestion of fat may attenuate the glycemic response to @entity1735 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of patterns of fat consumption on GE and @entity413 , insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and @entity413 -dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) concentrations after a @entity1735 meal in @entity164 2 @entity6 . DESIGN: This was a randomized, cross-over study in which GE of a radioisotopically labeled @entity415 meal was measured on 3 d. SETTING: The study was performed at the Royal Adelaide Hospital. @entity1 : Six males with @entity164 2 @entity6 were studied. INTERVENTION: Subjects ingested 1) 30 ml water 30 min before the mashed @entity415 (water), 2) 30 ml olive oil 30 min before the mashed @entity415 (oil), or 3) 30 ml water 30 min before the mashed @entity415 meal that contained 30 ml olive oil (water and oil). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: GE, blood @entity413 , plasma insulin, GLP-1, and GIP concentrations were the main outcome measures. RESULTS: GE was much slower with oil compared with both water (P < 0.0001) and water and oil (P < 0.05) and was slower after water and oil compared with water (P < 0.01). The postprandial rise in blood @entity413 was markedly delayed (P = 0.03), and peak @entity413 occurred later (P = 0.04) with oil compared with the two other meals. The rises in insulin and GIP were attenuated (P < 0.0001), whereas the GLP-1 response was greater (P = 0.0001), after oil. CONCLUSIONS: Ingestion of fat before a @entity1735 meal markedly slows GE and attenuates the postprandial rises in @entity413 , insulin, and GIP, but stimulates GLP-1, in @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: Effects of fat on gastric emptying of and the glycemic, insulin, and incretin responses to a XXXX meal in @entity164 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['determinant of postprandial glycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: Reported cases of arteriovenous fistulae in transplant recipients are uncommon. We present a case of an @entity2548 associated with a large @entity2849 in the root of the small bowel mesentery of a pancreas transplant. Uniquely, in our case, the @entity2548 presented with an episode of @entity360 9 years postoperatively. Radiographic imaging including coronal computed tomography angiogram and conventional angiogram demonstrated an @entity2548 in the @entity1 's pancreas transplant between the distal superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV) with 6 cm @entity384 . The tremendous flow in the @entity292 in the root of the graft small intestine mesentery led to graft @entity33 and @entity360 . After successful embolization of the @entity6029 and @entity2849 using interventional radiographic techniques, the @entity2548 remained thrombosed. The @entity1 had no further episodes of @entity360 and her endoscopic evaluation was otherwise negative. The presence of arteriovenous fistulae and @entity2849 in pancreas transplant recipients is uncommon, but has been previously documented. This case is further distinguished from previous reports by the notable 9-year interval between transplantation and the onset of @entity548 . Historically, symptomatic @entity1462 have been associated with significant @entity1 morbidity and mortality. Successful @entity1 management involves timely and accurate diagnosis and intervention.

title: Case report: @entity360 caused by a pancreas transplant XXXX with large psuedoanuerysm 9 years after transplantation.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal mucosal congestion']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformations']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['GI bleeding', 'gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage', 'lower GI hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['SMA-SMV fistula']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistula']


abstract: @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) and @entity1091 have been used for many years in the treatment of @entity308 . However, their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Recent studies suggest that @entity1091 and @entity2052 inhibit @entity9459 , a @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase involved in the insulin and WNT signaling pathways. Inhibition of @entity9459 by high concentrations of @entity1091 has been shown to mimic @entity32533 signaling by inducing axonal remodeling and clustering of @entity10593 in developing neurons. Here we have compared the effect of therapeutic concentrations of @entity1091 and @entity2052 during neuronal maturation. @entity2052 and, to a lesser extent, @entity1091 induce clustering of @entity10593 . In addition, @entity1091 and @entity2052 induce similar changes in the morphology of axons by increasing growth cone size, spreading, and branching. More importantly, both mood stabilizers decrease the level of @entity26442 -P, a @entity9459 -phosphorylated form of @entity26442 in developing neurons, suggesting that therapeutic concentrations of these mood stabilizers inhibit @entity9459 . In vitro kinase assays show that therapeutic concentrations of @entity2052 do not inhibit @entity9459 but that therapeutic concentrations of @entity1091 partially inhibit @entity9459 activity. Our results support the idea that both mood stabilizers inhibit @entity9459 in developing neurons through different pathways. @entity1091 directly inhibits @entity9459 in contrast to @entity2052 , which inhibits @entity9459 indirectly by an as-yet-unknown pathway. These findings may have important implications for the development of new strategies to treat @entity162 .

title: XXXX regulates GSK-3-mediated axonal remodeling and @entity10593 clustering in developing neurons.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['manic depression']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Valproate']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1091 :: ('MESH:D008094', 'Chemical') :: ['Lithium', 'lithium']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['Valproate']


abstract: @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ) is known to produce an unusual pattern of @entity393 in laboratory animals marked by a preferential loss of threshold sensitivity at midfrequencies. The purpose of this research was to determine whether the @entity4966 -induced @entity2167 results from @entity18129 . Adult Long Evans hooded @entity35 were exposed via inhalation to either 0 (clean air) or 4000 ppm @entity4966 (6 h/day for 5 days). Auditory thresholds for 1-40 kHz tones were determined 3 weeks after exposure using reflex modification audiometry (RMA; n = 12/group). Cochlear electropotentials were measured during subsequent testing (n = 3-10/group) 5 to 7 weeks after exposure, including thresholds for cochlear action potentials (CAP) and the 1-microV cochlear microphonic for 2-40 kHz tones, and the N1 amplitude intensity function (40-90 dB @entity26672 ). Cochlear histopathology was assessed in midmodiolar preparations of a separate set of animals, exposed as before (n = 4/group). RMA testing confirmed a @entity4966 -induced loss in midfrequency threshold sensitivity (8 and 16 kHz). CAP thresholds were elevated at midfrequencies (8 and 16 kHz) among @entity4966 -treated subjects, along with a suppression of the N1 amplitude from 50 to 90 dB @entity26672 . The cochlear microphonic, a nonpropagated ac potential generated largely by the outer hair cells, was not affected by the @entity4966 treatment. Cochlear histopathology revealed a loss of @entity4494 cells that was significant in the middle turn, but not in the basal turn. There was an inconsistent loss of hair cells among treated subjects. The data suggest strongly that the behaviorally determined loss in auditory function can be accounted for by a cochlear impairment and that the @entity4494 cell may be a prominent target of @entity4966 .

title: XXXX @entity2167 : evidence for a cochlear origin.

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['auditory deficit']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['spiral ganglion']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['Trichloroethylene']

entities_list: @entity18129 :: ('MESH:D015834', 'Disease') :: ['cochlear dysfunction']

answer: @entity4965 :: (MESH:D014241,Chemical) :: ['Trichloroethylene']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1945 and @entity3003 are active in relapsed @entity43 , but attempts to combine these agents are limited by myelotoxicity. This phase I/II trial combined weekly @entity1945 , which is less myelosuppressive than the standard 5-day regimen, with @entity3003 in @entity1 with potentially @entity902 -sensitive relapsed @entity43 (PS-OVCa/PCa). METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had PS-OVCa/PCa, performance status 0-2, and normal bone marrow, @entity177 . On day 1 of a 21-day cycle, @entity1 received @entity3003 (area under the curve [AUC] 5) followed by @entity1945 2.0 mg/m2, both via 30-min intravenous infusion. @entity1945 2.0 mg/m2 also was administered on days 8 and 15. Treatment was withheld for @entity1398 or @entity882 on day 8 or 15. Dose escalation was planned. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 received a total of 115 (median, 6) cycles of chemotherapy. With @entity3003 AUC 4, @entity1398 prevented dose escalation of @entity1945 ; hematologic @entity137 caused 34/105 (32%) weekly treatments to be withheld. However, @entity3003 could be dose escalated to AUC 5 when the day 15 dose of @entity1945 was withheld. In the intent-to-treat population, there were 4 (24%) complete and 9 (53%) partial responses, 2 (12%) @entity1 (at the @entity3003 AUC 4 dose) with stable disease, and 2 (12%) nonevaluable @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity3003 (AUC 5) on day 1 in combination with @entity1945 2.0 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle is well tolerated and active in @entity1 with PS-OVCa/PCa. A phase II trial comparing this with other @entity3003 therapeutic doublets in @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 is warranted.

title: A phase I/II trial of weekly @entity1945 and XXXX in potentially @entity902 -sensitive relapsed @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'ovarian or peritoneal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal, and hepatic functions']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity1945 :: ('MESH:D019772', 'Chemical') :: ['Topotecan', 'topotecan']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the variance in walking, moderate and vigorous physical activity (PA), explained by neighbourhood design and other environmental variables above and beyond the variance accounted for by demographical variables. METHOD: A total of 138 @entity1 (46   ) with @entity161 (mean age = 41.2    12.5 years) from 13 different centres in Belgium were included in this 4-month cross-sectional study. The built environment was rated using the Instruments for @entity410 ( @entity410 ) environmental questionnaire, which was validated first. PA levels were assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS: Validity coefficients for the @entity410 ranged between 0.44 and 0.86 and test-retest reliability intraclass correlation coefficients ranged between 0.64 and 0.84. Regression analyses showed that environmental variables were related to all types of PA. The variance explained by the models including demographic and environmental variables ranged from 20% for vigorous PA up to 68% for walking. Minutes of walking (r=0.63, P<.001) and of moderate-intensity PA (r = 0.43, P<.001) were related to emotional satisfaction with the environment. Moderate-intensity PA was also related to the presence of PA supplies at home (r=0.49, P<.001). CONCLUSION: Neighbourhood design and other environmental variables show significant associations with multiple types of PA in @entity1 with @entity161 .

title: Associations between physical activity and the built environment in @entity1 with XXXX : a multi-centre study.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Assessing Levels of Physical Activity and Fitness', 'ALPHA']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Both @entity130 and @entity5721 have been reported in association with liver transplantation; however, which predominates is not clear. Therefore, these studies were designed to evaluate whether Carolina Rinse, which minimizes @entity5721 following orthotopic liver transplantation in the @entity35 , would be effective after long-term (48 h) storage of grafts in University of Wisconsin (UW) cold storage solution where sufficient time for development of @entity130 exists. Livers were rinsed with either Ringer's solution or Carolina Rinse solution immediately prior to completion of implantation surgery. In the Ringer's group, 30-day survival was high following 24 h of cold storage (4/5) but was very low after 48 h (1/16). Importantly, survival was increased significantly (5/14) when grafts were rinsed with Carolina Rinse following 48 h of cold storage. In both groups, parenchymal cells appeared normal by scanning electron microscopy, excluded @entity3460 , and released SGOT at values only slightly above the normal range immediately (i.e., less than 5 min) after 48 h of cold storage. However, SGOT values rose steadily during the 1st hour postoperatively following reperfusion in the Ringer's rinse group and reached levels around 1,000 U/l. In addition, nonparenchymal cells were not labelled with @entity3460 following storage, but significant labelling occurred within 1 h. Both SGOT release and nonparenchymal cell injury were reduced significantly when grafts were rinsed with Carolina Rinse prior to completion of surgery. @entity99 assessed histologically 24 h postoperatively was also reduced about 50% by Carolina Rinse. Oxidative stress appeared to be involved, since radical adducts, most likely of lipid origin, were trapped during the first 5 min after reperfusion with the spin trapping technique and detected by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Lipid radical formation was reduced nearly completely on reperfusion by Carolina Rinse. Since Carolina Rinse improved survival of liver grafts following long periods of cold storage and reduced lipid radical formation and @entity99 , we concluded that a @entity5721 rather than a @entity130 predominates following orthotopic transplantation of livers stored for long periods of time in cold UW solution.

title: Reperfusion rather than XXXX predominates following long-term (48 h) cold storage of grafts in UW solution: studies with Carolina Rinse in transplanted @entity35 liver.

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular injury', 'Liver injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['storage injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['storage injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was designed to determine whether @entity432 after thrombolysis can be prevented by lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor (LACI), a physiological inhibitor of tissue factor-induced coagulation mediated by the extrinsic pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity715 was induced in femoral arteries of anesthetized @entity235 with the use of anodal current to elicit extensive @entity1317 and formation of platelet-rich thrombi in one artery and with thrombogenic @entity920 wire to elicit fibrin-rich thrombi without appreciable @entity1317 in the contralateral artery. Recanalization of both vessels was induced with @entity16994 (1.7 mg/kg i.v. over 1 hour) and verified with Doppler flow probes. Reocclusion occurred within 2 hours in seven of seven arteries with electrical injury-induced @entity715 and in four of seven arteries with @entity920 wire-induced @entity715 in the absence of LACI. In @entity235 given infusions of recombinant DNA-produced LACI (225 micrograms/kg over 15 minutes, followed by 4 micrograms/kg/min i.v.) after completion of the infusion of @entity16994 , no reocclusion occurred during the 2-hour interval of observation in any of the five arteries subjected to electrical injury (p less than 0.001), and cyclic partial occlusions were nearly abolished (0.4 +/- 0.4/hr in LACI-treated @entity235 compared with 13.7 +/- 5.5/hr in saline-treated @entity235 , p less than 0.0001). In contrast, reocclusion occurred in two of five arteries with indwelling @entity920 wires, and cyclic partial occlusions were unaffected despite LACI. LACI prolonged the partial thromboplastin time modestly (1.7 +/- 0.2 x baseline) but did not affect platelet counts or aggregation assessed ex vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation with LACI prevents @entity715 @entity432 after thrombolysis in vessels subjected to extensive @entity1317 . Our results demonstrate that activation of the extrinsic pathway plays a critical role in @entity715 and that LACI provides a highly targeted approach to facilitate sustained recanalization without directly inhibiting platelets.

title: Prevention of XXXX after thrombolysis with recombinant lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor.

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial reocclusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic reocclusion', 'thrombosis', 'thrombotic', 'Thrombosis']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial reocclusion']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity267 is the main refracting lens in the eye. As part of the outer tunic it has to be resilient, a property conferred by the organisation of the constituent collagen. It also has to be sufficiently elastic to regain its exact shape when deformed, in order not to distort the retinal image. The basis of this elasticity is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to characterise in three dimensions the arrangement and distribution of elastic fibers in the @entity1 @entity2687 , using serial block face scanning electron microscopy. We have demonstrated that there exists a complex network of elastic fibers that appear to originate in the sclera or limbus. These appear as elastic sheets in the limbus and peripheral @entity267 immediately above the trabecular meshwork which itself appears to extend above Descemet's membrane in the @entity1897 . From these sheets, elastic fibers extend into the @entity267 ; moving centrally they bifurcate and trifurcate into narrower fibers and are concentrated in the posterior stroma immediately above Descemet's membrane. We contend that elastic sheets will play an important role in the biomechanical deformation and recovery of the peripheral @entity267 . The network may also have practical implications for understanding the structural basis behind a number of corneal surgeries.

title: Three-dimensional arrangement of elastic fibers in the @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral stroma']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal stroma']

answer: @entity2687 :: (MESH:D003316,Disease) :: ['corneal stroma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether an invasive or a conservative strategy should form the basis of an optimal management strategy for non-Q wave @entity583 is at present still subject of debate. We reported our observational experience with the long-term follow-up of @entity1 with a first uncomplicated non-Q wave @entity583 and submitted to a conservative treatment strategy based on the in-hospital stress echocardiography and treadmill exercise. METHODS: We studied 134 consecutive @entity1 admitted for a first uncomplicated non-Q wave @entity583 between 1991 and 1994. All @entity1 were submitted to a dipyridamole echocardiography test (DET) between 5-7 days after admission and to a treadmill test before discharge. Coronary angiography and myocardial revascularization (coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting) were performed according to the outcomes of the stress echo and treadmill test. RESULTS: The early and delayed follow-up results were quite good: 2.9% early hard events, 15% delayed hard events. DET negativity identified @entity1 with a lower risk of both spontaneous and hard events. Multivariate analysis indicated the DET as the only predictive variable of spontaneous events within 1 year (p = 0.0001), of delayed spontaneous events (p = 0.0001) and of delayed hard events (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, revascularization procedures performed on the basis of stress echo result in good short- and long-term outcomes in stabilized uncomplicated non-Q wave @entity583 . The @entity1 with a negative DET had a very low rate of events. DET positivity identifies a higher risk group of @entity1 , whatever treatment they subsequently undergo.

title: Uncomplicated non-Q wave XXXX : long-term prognosis with a conservative echo-stress guided management strategy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The increasing prevalence of @entity2973 and @entity28 among @entity1 (0-12 years) and adolescents (13-19 years) has emerged as a major public health threat in Bangladesh. Unfortunately, there is a serious paucity of credible data on these issues that can be used for policy and programmatic development. This article presents a systematic review of studies on @entity2973 and @entity28 to present a more accurate estimate by pooling results. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review. METHODS: The study systematically reviewed relevant literature published between 1998 and 2015 using predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist was used to identify relevant studies. Measures of heterogeneity and variability were calculated, and a random effect model was used to report pooled prevalence rates of @entity2973 and @entity28 . RESULTS: The findings show that prevalence rates of @entity2973 and @entity28 among @entity1 and adolescents varied widely from 1.0% to 20.6% and 0.3% to 25.6%, respectively. The pooled prevalence rates of @entity2973 and @entity28 were 7.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.0-10.0) and 6.0% (95% CI 4.0-8.0), respectively. The pooled prevalence rate of @entity2973 increased substantially over the years, from 3.6% during 1998-2003 (95% CI 0.3-29.2) to 5.7% during 2004-2009 (95% CI 0.8-30.2) and 7.9% by 2010-2015 (95% CI 5.1-12.1). However, the pooled prevalence rate of @entity28 registered a sharp decline between 1998-2003 and 2004-2009 - from 9.7% (95% CI 5.7-16.2) to 2.0% (95% CI 0.3-11.1) - and subsequently increased significantly to 9.0% by 2010-2015 (95% CI 5.3-14.6). CONCLUSIONS: This review identified increasing trends in the prevalence of @entity2973 and @entity28 among @entity1 and adolescents in Bangladesh. This study underscores the urgent need to promote healthy lifestyles among @entity1 and adolescents with a view to effectively address the increasing problem of @entity2973 and @entity28 . This would also help to prevent the development of chronic non-communicable diseases in adulthood.

title: Overweight and @entity28 among XXXX and adolescents in Bangladesh: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2973 :: ('MESH:D050177', 'Disease') :: ['overweight']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the ultrasonographic appearance of collagen injected periurethrally to treat @entity3142 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Transvesical and transvaginal ultrasonography (US) was performed 26 times in 23 @entity1 3 to 36 months after periurethral injection of collagen to treat symptomatic @entity3142 . The @entity1 ranged in age from 23 to 86 (median 54) years. The appearance, location and volume of the collagen were recorded. Clinical data were also obtained. RESULTS: Transvesical US demonstrated the collagen in 17 of the @entity1 , whereas transvaginal US demonstrated the collagen in all of them. The collagen collections appeared as circumscribed masses at the bladder base and showed various levels of echogenicity with both techniques. However, in @entity1 with more than one deposit of collagen, the collections had similar echogenicity, and echogenicity increased over time in the two @entity1 who underwent serial imaging. In 21 of the @entity1 , the collagen collections were located posterior or lateral to the urethra, and these @entity1 recorded complete or moderate resolution of @entity322 . In two of the @entity1 the collections were exophytic, projecting into the bladder lumen; these @entity1 experienced little improvement in their continence. CONCLUSIONS: US provides a rapid, noninvasive method of assessing collagen after periurethral injection. Transvaginal US is the best method of visualizing such collections.

title: Periurethral injection of collagen in the treatment of XXXX : ultrasonographic appearance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['urinary stress incontinence']

answer: @entity3142 :: (MESH:D014550,Disease) :: ['urinary stress incontinence']


abstract: @entity19166 and @entity6875 ( @entity6875 ) are successfully treated with radiation therapy. The lenses are blocked to prevent @entity231 formation. However, blocking of the lens by traditional methods can be difficult for @entity5 located anteriorly and extending into the retrobulbar space. We present a series of 3 @entity1 with @entity19166 and 1 with @entity6875 treated with stereotactic intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to spare normal structures, including the lens. Three @entity1 with @entity19166 and 1 with unilateral @entity6875 were treated with IMRT using a linac with stereotactic capabilities. Avoidance structures included the @entity717 and globe, the contralateral lens and globe, the chiasm, and the brainstem. Two @entity1 with @entity19166 were treated with 24 Gy in 12 fractions, and 1 @entity1 was treated with 30.6 Gy in 17 fractions. The @entity1 with @entity6875 was treated with 20 Gy in 10 fractions. The dosimetry was analyzed to determine the dose to normal tissues. @entity1 follow-up varies between 8 and 24 months. The mean minimal dose to the @entity717 was 13.6% of the total dose, the mean maximal dose was 33.5%, and the mean median dose was 19.3%. The mean median dose to the contralateral eye was 1.1% of the total dose. The mean median dose to the chiasm was 14.9% of the total dose. The mean median dose to the brainstem was 1.9% of the total dose. No @entity231 or other complications were noted in the 4 @entity1 treated with this technique so far. IMRT gives a more conformal treatment to the orbital contents while sparing normal tissues such as the @entity717 and adjacent critical structures. This should result in fewer complications such as @entity231 .

title: Stereotactic radiotherapy for unilateral XXXX and @entity5 : a planning study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ["Grave's ophthalmopathy", 'GO']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral lens']

entities_list: @entity19166 :: ('MESH:C537131', 'Disease') :: ['orbital lymphomas', 'orbital lymphoma', 'Orbital lymphoma']

answer: @entity19166 :: (MESH:C537131,Disease) :: ['orbital lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) is a well-known reason @entity1 worldwide seek medical help and it is a Leading cause of @entity1118 and disability among @entity1 of working age. Recent research reveals that the female gender is not only a risk factor for developing @entity1643 but it may also influence the management of this common condition. OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to evaluate gender-related differences in the management of @entity1643 @entity1 in a specialized hospital-based @entity1118 unit. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was carried out through telephone interviews and the hospital computerized database (N = 129). Socio-demographic, Lifestyle, occupational and medical variables were collected, and their association with the frequency of use of five different diagnostic and/or therapeutic modalities was examined using gender stratification. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, religion, socioeconomic data and the number of co-morbid conditions, @entity1 were more prone to poly-pharmacy of analgesic medications prescribed in the previous year compared to @entity1 (p = 0.024) and exhibited an increased rate of treatment cessations due to adverse effects (p < 0.001). Interestingly, while @entity1 tended to utilize more healthcare services besides the @entity158 clinic (p = 0.097), @entity1 tended on average to have more visits than @entity1 to the @entity158 clinic for their complaints (p = 0.019). Among those who applied for insurance compensation for @entity1643 -related disability, @entity1 exhibited increased use of imaging procedures compared to @entity1 (p = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS: This cross-sectional study reveals gender-related differences in management and health services utilization for treatment of @entity1643 in the @entity1118 clinic. If confirmed in other centers, these findings should inspire gender-sensitive resource management of the treatment of @entity1118 @entity1 . Moreover, the findings suggest that increased awareness of gender bias when seeking insurance compensation for @entity1643 -related disability is warranted.

title: [Gender-based differences in the management of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['Low back pain', 'LBP']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: @entity409 seems to be a key factor in the development of several complications observed early after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The conditioning regimen and many other factors associated with the procedure are responsible for this endothelial damage. The effects of immunosuppressive agents on endothelial function have not been explored in detail. We evaluated the effects of 3 drugs commonly used in HSCT: 2 calcineurin inhibitors, @entity205 ( @entity870 ) and @entity1140 ( @entity11636 ), and an inhibitor of @entity3470 , @entity3446 (SIR). We also evaluated the effect of the combination of @entity11636 and SIR ( @entity11636 +SIR), which is used increasingly in clinical practice. Microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) were exposed to these drugs to evaluate changes in (1) @entity2071 expression on the cell surface, assessed by immunofluorescence labeling and expressed as the mean gray value (MGV); (2) reactivity of the extracellular matrix (ECM) toward platelets, upon exposure of the ECM to circulating blood; and (3) whole-blood clot formation, assessed by thromboelastometry. Studies were conducted in the absence and presence of defibrotide (DF) to assess its possible protective effect. The exposure of HMEC-1 to @entity870 and @entity11636 +SIR significantly increased the expression of @entity2071 (157.5    11.6 and 153.4    9.5 MGV, respectively, versus 105.7    6.5 MGV in controls [both P < .05]). @entity11636 applied alone increased @entity2071 slightly (120.3    8.2 MGV), and SIR had no effect (108.9    7.4 MGV). ECM reactivity increased significantly only in response to @entity870 (surface covered by platelets of 41.2%    5.4% versus 30.1%    2.0%, P < .05). DF attenuated all these changes. No significant changes in the viscoelastic properties of clot formation were observed in any condition with blood samples incubated in vitro. In conclusion, @entity870 and @entity11636 +SIR had a proinflammatory effect, but only @entity870 exhibited an additional prothrombotic effect. Interestingly, DF exerted clear protective anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects on the endothelium.

title: Distinct deleterious effects of @entity205 and @entity1140 and combined @entity1140 - XXXX on endothelial cells: protective effect of defibrotide.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES:: In traditional access endoscopy (TAE), @entity1 are booked for endoscopy following a gastroenterology clinic assessment. In contrast, @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) @entity1 are seen for the first time on the day of the procedure, providing same day procedural consent. Controversy exists over the use of @entity1538 in adults, both with the consent process and @entity1 satisfaction. No literature exists describing satisfaction with @entity1538 in pediatrics. We therefore aimed to assess pediatric @entity1 and caregiver satisfaction in @entity1538 compared to TAE. METHODS:: Consecutive pediatric @entity1 , and their caregivers, undergoing elective upper endoscopy from May to December of 2012 at the Stollery @entity1 's Hospital (Edmonton, Alberta) were consented for a cross-sectional survey. Seven pre- and five post-procedure questions were completed regarding mood, satisfaction with the wait time and with the information provided. Group demographics and endoscopy wait times were collected. RESULTS:: Median wait time with @entity1538 was less compared to TAE (57 days vs 196 days; p<0.001). @entity1538 @entity1 reported worse mood pre-procedure than TAE @entity1 (35.3% vs 10.7%; p=0.046). @entity1538 caregivers and @entity1 reported more @entity1316 if required to wait longer for endoscopy by attending clinic pre-procedure ( @entity1538 caregivers 62.2%; @entity1538 @entity1 64.7%). CONCLUSIONS:: @entity1538 is associated with worse pre-endoscopy @entity1 mood, however @entity1 and caregivers seem concerned about longer wait times associated with TAE. Given the significantly shorter wait times in @entity1538 , identifying methods to minimize current limitations of @entity1538 will be useful to improve clinical practices in pediatric gastroenterology.

title: A cross sectional analysis of satisfaction in open access versus traditional referral for upper endoscopy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disturbance']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open access endoscopy', 'OAE']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate potential @entity1 and ecological risks associated with metals in fish and crayfish from mining in the @entity3290 ( @entity3290 ). Crayfish (Orconectes spp.) and fish of six frequently consumed species ( @entity7136 , @entity7136 ; @entity4576 , @entity4576 ; flathead catfish, Pylodictis olivaris; @entity22037 , @entity22037 ; spotted bass, M. punctulatus; and white crappie, Pomoxis annularis) were collected in 2001--2002 from the Oklahoma waters of the Spring River (SR) and Neosho River (NR), which drain the @entity3290 . Samples from a mining-contaminated site in eastern Missouri and from reference sites were also analyzed. Individual fish were prepared for @entity1 consumption in the manner used locally by Native Americans (headed, eviscerated, and scaled) and analyzed for lead, @entity3409 , and @entity219 . Whole crayfish were analyzed as composite samples of 5--60 animals. Metals concentrations were typically higher in samples from sites most heavily affected by mining and lowest in reference samples. Within the @entity3290 , most metals concentrations were higher at sites on the SR than on the NR and were typically highest in @entity7136 and crayfish than in other taxa. Higher concentrations and greater risk were associated with fish and crayfish from heavily contaminated SR tributaries than the SR or NR mainstems. Based on the results of this and previous studies, the @entity1 consumption of @entity7136 and crayfish could be restricted based on current criteria for lead, @entity3409 , and @entity219 , and the consumption of @entity4576 could be restricted due to lead. Metals concentrations were uniformly low in @entity22037 spp. and crappie and would not warrant restriction, however. Some risk to carnivorous avian wildlife from lead and @entity219 in @entity3290 fish and invertebrates was also indicated, as was risk to the fish themselves. Overall, the wildlife assessment is consistent with previously reported biological effects attributed to metals from the @entity3290 . The results demonstrate the potential for adverse effects in fish, wildlife, and @entity1 and indicate that further investigation of @entity1 health and ecological risks, to include additional exposure pathways and endpoints, is warranted.

title: A screening-level assessment of lead, XXXX , and @entity219 in fish and crayfish from Northeastern Oklahoma, USA.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity4576 :: ('7998', 'Species') :: ['Ictalurus punctatus', 'channel catfish']

entities_list: @entity22037 :: ('27706', 'Species') :: ['Micropterus', 'largemouth bass', 'Micropterus salmoides']

entities_list: @entity7136 :: ('7962', 'Species') :: ['carp', 'common carp', 'Cyprinus carpio']

entities_list: @entity3290 :: ('MESH:D062706', 'Disease') :: ['Tri-States Mining District', 'TSMD']

answer: @entity3409 :: (MESH:D002104,Chemical) :: ['cadmium']


abstract: 1. In circular muscle strips of the fundus and corpus of @entity840 stomach, mechanical responses to @entity2661 were studied mainly in the presence of a @entity3009 biosynthesis inhibitor, @entity5728 . 2. Normal preparations developed considerable muscle tone, and @entity1425 (10-100 microM) in the presence of 3-5 microM @entity1169 produced a multiphasic response, generally consisting of transient relaxation and contraction, followed by slow relaxation and then contraction. Responses to @entity2647 were similar to those of @entity1425 . 3. @entity5728 (0.3 microM) nearly abolished the muscle tone and under this condition, both @entity1425 and @entity2647 produced a simple contraction. This response was strongly inhibited by @entity3159 , but only weakly by @entity3160 . 4. When muscle tone was maintained by @entity1421 (10 nM) in the presence of @entity5728 , @entity2647 (30 microM) produced transient relaxation followed by slow contraction in most preparations. These were strongly inhibited by @entity3159 . @entity1425 produced a similar response, but the relaxation was only partially reduced by @entity3159 . The remaining relaxation was more dominant in the middle fundic region and this was considered to be mediated through beta-adrenoceptors. 5. It is concluded that in the circular muscle of the fundic region of @entity840 stomach, endogenous @entity2918 are involved in maintaining muscle tone and in modifying the response to @entity2661 and that both contraction and relaxation are mediated by alpha 1-adrenoceptors.

title: Receptors involved in mechanical responses to XXXX in the circular muscle of @entity840 stomach treated with @entity5728 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity5728 :: ('MESH:D008469', 'Chemical') :: ['meclofenamate', 'Meclofenamate']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['Adrenaline', 'adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['catecholamines']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To characterize the spatial pattern of cerebral ischemic vulnerability to hypoperfusion in @entity64 @entity1 . METHODS: We included 90 @entity1 who underwent admission CT perfusion and MRI within 12 hours of @entity385 onset. Infarcted @entity75 ("core") were segmented from admission diffusion-weighted imaging and, along with the CT perfusion parameter maps, coregistered onto MNI-152 brain space, which was parcellated into 125 mirror cortical and subcortical regions per hemisphere. We tested the hypothesis that the percent @entity1188 increment per unit of relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) reduction differs statistically between regions using regression analysis to assess the interaction between regional rCBF and region variables. Next, for each @entity1 , a "vulnerability index" map was constructed with voxel values equaling the product of that voxel's rCBF and @entity1188 probability (derived from the MNI-152-transformed, binary, segmented, diffusion-weighted imaging lesions). Voxel-based rCBF threshold for core was determined within the upper 20th percentile of vulnerability index map voxel values. RESULTS: Different regions had different percent @entity1188 increase per unit rCBF reduction (P=0.001). The caudate body, putamen, insular ribbon, paracentral lobule, and precentral, middle, and inferior frontal gyri had the highest ischemic vulnerability to hypoperfusion. A voxel-based rCBF threshold of <0.42 optimally distinguished @entity1188 core in the highly-vulnerable regions, whereas rCBF<0.16 distinguished core in the remainder of the brain. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated regional ischemic vulnerability of the brain to hypoperfusion in @entity64 @entity1 . Location-specific, rather than whole-brain, rCBF thresholds may provide a more accurate metric for estimating @entity1188 core using CT perfusion maps.

title: Regional ischemic vulnerability of the brain to hypoperfusion: the need for location specific computed tomography perfusion thresholds in @entity64 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Bulged-out @entity2036 or internal loops are present in the stem-loop structures of several antisense RNAs. We have used the antisense/target RNA system ( @entity4195 /CopT) that controls the copy number of plasmid R1 to examine the possible biological function of bulged-out @entity2036 . Two regions within the major stem-loop of the antisense RNA, @entity4195 , carry bulged-out @entity2036 . Base pairing in either one or both of these regions of the stem was restored by site-specific mutagenesis and in one case a new internal loop was introduced. The set of mutant and wild-type @entity4195 variants was characterized structurally in vitro. The results reported here indicate a possible function of the bulges: their presence protects @entity4195 RNA from being a substrate for the double-strand-specific enzyme @entity10404 . In vitro cleavage rates were drastically increased when either the lower or both bulges were absent. This is paralleled by a similar, but not identical, effect of the bulges on metabolic stability of the @entity4195 RNAs in vivo. The degradation pathways of wild-type and mutant @entity4195 in various strain backgrounds are discussed. In the accompanying paper, we address the significance of bulges in @entity4195 for binding to the target RNA in vitro and for its inhibitory efficiency in vivo.

title: Bulged-out @entity2036 protect an antisense RNA from XXXX cleavage.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

answer: @entity10404 :: (29102,Gene) :: ['RNase III']


abstract: BACKGROUND: a-Dystroglycan (a-DG) is heavily glycosylated within its central mucin-like domain. The glycosylation shell of a-dystroglycan is known to largely influence its functional properties toward extracellular ligands. The structural features of this a-dystroglycan domain have been poorly studied so far. For the first time, we have attempted a recombinant expression approach in @entity526 cells, in order to analyze by biochemical and biophysical techniques this important domain of the a-dystroglycan core protein. RESULTS: We expressed the recombinant mucin-like domain of @entity1 a-dystroglycan in @entity526 cells, and purified it as a soluble peptide of 174 aa. A cleavage event, that progressively emerges under repeated cycles of freeze/thaw, occurs at the @entity1473 side of @entity534 461, liberating a 151 aa fragment as revealed by mass spectrometry analysis. The mucin-like peptide lacks any particular fold, as confirmed by its hydrodynamic properties and its fluorescence behavior under @entity2097 denaturation. Dynamic light scattering has been used to demonstrate that this mucin-like peptide is arranged in a conformation that is prone to aggregation at room temperature, with a melting temperature of ~40  C, which indicates a pronounced instability. Such a conclusion has been corroborated by trypsin limited proteolysis, upon which the protein has been fully degraded in less than 60  min. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis indirectly confirms the idea that the mucin-like domain of a-dystroglycan needs to be extensively glycosylated in order to reach a stable conformation. The absence/reduction of glycosylation by itself may greatly reduce the stability of the dystroglycan complex. Although an altered pattern of a-dystroglycan O-mannosylation, that is not significantly changing its overall glycosylation fraction, represents the primary molecular clue behind currently known @entity7733 , it cannot be ruled out that still unidentified forms of aDG-related @entity3986 might originate by a more substantial reduction of a-dystroglycan glycosylation and by its consequent destabilization.

title: Probing the stability of the "naked" mucin-like domain of XXXX a-dystroglycan.

entities_list: @entity7733 :: ('MESH:D058494', 'Disease') :: ['dystroglycanopathies']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity2097 :: ('MESH:D019791', 'Chemical') :: ['guanidine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In the field of @entity4094 , @entity158 and its management remain imperfectly understood and described. We study 68 unselected, consecutive adult @entity1 attending a multidisciplinary consultation for hereditary @entity121 . Forty-six (67%) were suffering from @entity1118 . @entity158 was assessed with self report questionnaire and a standardized clinical evaluation. Mean duration of the @entity158 was 7.2+/-8.9 years, and multiple body sites were involved in 91% of cases. @entity158 intensity (Visual Analogue Scale 0-100) was moderate (39.5+/-26.2). For 42 @entity1 (91%) the principal cause of the @entity158 was of muscular origin, with frequent features of @entity158 ( @entity158 , 50%) and @entity239 (FMS, 26%). @entity158 was the major complaint for 6.3% of the @entity1 . @entity158 management was essentially based on physiotherapy. Only a minority of @entity1 (38%) has an appropriate drug treatment. Common analgesics appeared to be very effective in these @entity1 .

title: Clinical study of XXXX in @entity121 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular diseases']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['myofascial pain syndromes', 'Pain', 'pain', 'MPS', 'Usual pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: @entity2657 is a major contributor to poor outcome and reduced quality of life after surgical @entity1545 (SBI). Although SBI pathophysiology is well-known, the correlation between @entity2657 and @entity51 has not been thoroughly examined in the @entity35 model of SBI. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between @entity2657 in standard sensorimotor neurobehavior tests for @entity35 subjected to SBI. Sixty male @entity35 were subjected to either sham surgery or surgical @entity1545 via @entity75 . All animals were tested for @entity51 24 post-SBI and fourteen were also tested 72h after surgery using seven common behavior tests: modified @entity41529 (Neuroscore), beam walking, corner turn test, forelimb placement test, adhesive removal test, beam balance test, and foot fault test. After assessing the functional outcome, animals were euthanized for brain water content measurement. Surgical @entity1545 resulted in significantly @entity75 water content 24 and 72h after surgery compared to that of sham animals. In all behavior tests, significance was observed between sham and SBI animals. However, a correlation between brain water content and functional outcome was observed for all tests except Neuroscore. The selection of behavior tests is critical to determine the effectiveness of therapeutics. Based on this study's results, we recommend using beam walking, the corner turn test, the beam balance test, and the foot fault test since correlations with brain water content were observed at both 24 and 72h post-SBI.

title: Correlation between subacute XXXX and brain water content after surgical @entity1545 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema', 'brain edema and deficits', 'Brain edema']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['elevated frontal lobe brain', 'partial frontal lobectomy']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity41529 :: ('MESH:C536767', 'Disease') :: ['Garcia neuroscore']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['sensorimotor deficits']


abstract: Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinicopathological findings and the efficacy of the treatment modalities used in @entity1 with @entity4236 . Study Design. Retrospective record review. Setting. Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, medical oncology outpatient clinic. Subjects and Methods. There were 3 stage A @entity5 , 5 stage B and 11 stage C according to the Kadish staging system. There were 5 grade I/II and 12 grade III/IV according to the Hyams' histopathologic system. Involvement to orbita was detected in eight @entity1 at the time of diagnosis. Results. The median follow-up period was 23.7 months. The 5-year survival rate for the whole group was 26%. The stage A/B groups exhibited a better survival rate than the C group with 2-year survival rates being 25 versus 71% respectively (P = .008). The grade I/II groups exhibited a better survival rate than the grade III/IV groups with 2-year survival rates being 50 versus 16% respectively (P = .001). The group who had orbital involvement exhibited a poor survival rate than the group of @entity1 who had no involvement of the orbital. Conclusion. In our study, @entity5 stage, histopathologic grading, involvement of the orbita, brain and bone marow metastases were the statistically significant prognostic factors.

title: XXXX : an experience of 24 years.

entities_list: @entity4236 :: ('MESH:D018304', 'Disease') :: ['olfactory neuroblastomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity4236 :: (MESH:D018304,Disease) :: ['Olfactory neuroblastomas']


abstract: @entity12698 is a paradigmatic selective inhibitor of @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ). This anti-inflammatory drug has potent anti- @entity5 activity in a wide variety of @entity1 @entity5 types, such as colorectal, breast, non-small cell lung, and @entity263 . Up to now, the drug found application in @entity5 prevention in @entity1 with @entity1412 . Moreover, the use of @entity12698 is currently tested in the prevention and treatment of @entity5344 and other advanced @entity1 @entity5 . Induction of apoptosis contributes to the anti-neoplastic activity of @entity12698 . In most cellular systems @entity12698 induces apoptosis independently from its @entity3840 inhibitory action via a mitochondrial apoptosis pathway which is however, not inhibited by overexpression of @entity588 . In addition, @entity12698 exerts antagonistic effects on the anti-apoptotic proteins @entity2423 and survivin. Consequently, the use of @entity12698 may be of specific value for the treatment of apoptosis-resistant @entity5 with overexpression of @entity588 , @entity2423 , or survivin as single drug or in combination with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or targeted pro-apoptotic drugs that are inhibited by survivin, @entity588 or @entity2423 . As @entity3840 inhibition has been associated with @entity65 , the value of drug derivatives without @entity3840 inhibitory action should be validated for prevention and treatment of @entity1 @entity5 to reduce the risk for @entity299 or @entity64 . However, its additional @entity3840 inhibitory action may qualify @entity12698 for a cautious use in @entity3840 -dependent @entity5 , where the drug could additionally suppress @entity3840 -mediated growth and survival promoting signals from the @entity5 and the stromal cells.

title: Targeting apoptosis pathways by @entity12698 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['Celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancers']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic, breast, ovarian, non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial cancers', 'tumor', 'cancer', 'epithelial tumors', 'epithelial tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart attack']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular toxicity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Active peptides produced by monocytes, in response to endotoxin, initiate and maintain the acute phase of inflammatory response. Some antibiotics have been reported to have immunomodulatory effects in addition to their antimicrobial activity. We examined the effect of @entity5136 on cytokine synthesis. METHODS: The modulatory effects of @entity2929 and linezolid were evaluated in @entity558 -stimulated @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Blood was obtained by venipuncture from healthy donor volunteers. PBMCs were separated by Ficoll-Paque. More than 90% of the cells were monocytes as determined by esterase staining. Cells were incubated in the presence of @entity558 , with or without various concentrations of @entity2929 and linezolid. The concentration of each cytokine was determined by ELISA with commercially available reagents. RESULTS: The two drugs suppressed significantly the synthesis of the cytokines tested in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that antibacterial agents may modify acute phase inflammatory response through their effects on cytokines synthesis by monocytes.

title: Linezolid diminishes inflammatory cytokine production from XXXX peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

entities_list: @entity5136 :: ('MESH:C098010', 'Chemical') :: ['linezolid']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Twenty-four castrated male @entity291 aged between 12 and 18 months were transported by road for five, 10 or 15 hours, over distances of 286, 536 and 738 km. Half the animals were of Hereford x Friesian breeding and half of 'continental' type. The animals transported for five hours lost 4.6 per cent of their bodyweight, those transported for 10 hours lost 6.5 per cent and those transported for 15 hours lost 7.0 per cent; recovery to pre-transport values took five days. There was little evidence from changes in blood composition that a 15-hour journey was more stressful than a 10-hour journey. The @entity701 concentrations were increased by the stresses of loading and the first part of the journey but then recovered as the journey continued. @entity908 phosphokinase (CPK) activities increased progressively with the longer journeys and CPK, @entity1133 , albumin and osmolality levels recovered more slowly after the longer journeys. Increases in free @entity1718 , @entity4322 and @entity1133 concentrations and the continued increase in @entity1133 levels after the end of the journeys suggested that the animals' normal pattern of feeding was disrupted. Increases in albumin, total plasma protein and osmolality indicated slight dehydration during transit which was quickly rectified by access to water. The two breed types responded similarly to transport, except that the increases in CPK were greater in the continental breeds, possibly as a result of their greater muscularity or greater sensitivity to stress. Based on the physiological measurements made and the subjective observations of behaviour a 15-hour transport period under good conditions is not unacceptable from the viewpoint of animal welfare.

title: Effects on XXXX of transport by road for up to 15 hours.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatine']

entities_list: @entity4322 :: ('MESH:D020155', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-hydroxybutyrate']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: @entity9576 ( @entity9576 ) is an adult onset, incurable @entity179 , characterized by symptoms of nervous system failure. Occurrence of @entity3519 indicates increased risk of @entity944 caused by airway occlusion. We present the case report of 63-year-old @entity1 with history of @entity551 , @entity304 , progressive @entity6564 , and stridor. The @entity1 was admitted to the hospital for diagnosis of @entity551 . A diagnosis of possible @entity9576 was made. Because of @entity1 's complaints, an X-ray of the hip joint was taken. It revealed @entity2249 . Endoprosthesis insertion under general anesthesia was performed. Two days later the @entity1 presented progressive adynamy and @entity1576 . Endotracheal intubation and respiratory support were required followed by extubation and one more intubation. After second extubation, stridor and acute @entity1576 occurred. Urgent tracheostomy was performed. After 13 days in ICU, the @entity1 was discharged to the rehabilitation center.

title: @entity3519 in the course of multiple system atrophy: a cause of postoperative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity9576 :: ('MESH:D019578', 'Disease') :: ['MSA', 'Multiple system atrophy']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal dystonia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory insufficiency']


abstract: Bone @entity174 healing takes place through endochondral ossification where @entity705 is replaced by bony callus. @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) is a requisite for endochondral ossification, where blood vessel invasion of @entity705 is crucial. @entity12399 is an endoglucuronidase that degrades heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) and releases heparin-binding growth factors including @entity1611 as an active form. To investigate the role of @entity12399 in @entity1611 recruitment during @entity174 healing, the expression of @entity12399 mRNA and @entity1611 , and vessel formation were examined in @entity19 @entity174 . On days 5 and 7 after the @entity174 , when mesenchymal cells proliferated and differentiated into chondrocytes, @entity12399 mRNA was detected in osteo(chondro)clasts and their precursors, but not in the inflammatory phase (day 3). On day 10, both @entity1611 and HSPG were produced by @entity1184 chondrocytes of the @entity705 and by osteoblasts of the bony callus; numerous osteo(chondro)clasts resorbing the cartilage expressed strong @entity12399 signals. Adjacent to the cartilage resorption sites, angiogenesis with @entity5231 -positive endothelial cells and osteogenesis with osteonectin-positive osteoblasts were observed. On days 14 and 21, osteoclasts in the woven bone tissue expressed @entity12399 mRNA. These data suggest that by producing @entity12399 osteo(chondro)clasts contribute to the recruitment of the active form of @entity1611 . Thus osteo(chondro)clasts may promote local angiogenesis as well as callus resorption in endochondral ossification during @entity174 healing.

title: @entity12399 mRNA expression during @entity174 repair in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractured bone', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity705 :: ('MESH:D015831', 'Disease') :: ['cartilaginous callus']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nine cases of persistent or complicated cyst were analyzed in an attempt to answer two questions: whether laparoscopic treatment of @entity42 in the newborn is justified and whether a @entity516 can be used in such @entity1 . METHODS: Laparoscopic treatment was used for nine newborn babies. The @entity1 were 4 days to 2.5 months old. Cyst size ranged from 36 to 72 mm in length. RESULTS: The treatment was exclusively laparoscopic in six cases, and the other three cases required conversion. A maximal insufflation of 4 mmHg was used in five cases. Adnexectomy was necessary in three cases. The duration of the laparoscopic procedure was 20 to 75 min, and that of the postoperative stay was 1 to 5 days. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopy in the newborn is justified, but only in the hands of well-trained teams. The use of a @entity516 is possible, but should be reserved for difficulties with abdominal wall suspension.

title: Laparoscopic treatment of XXXX in the newborn.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cyst']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

answer: @entity42 :: (MESH:D010048,Disease) :: ['ovarian cyst']


abstract: Infantile (juvenile) @entity8702 are @entity1350 which can appear quite infiltrative histologically and are characterized by cords of cells with areas of marked cellularity. While vessels can be distinguished in most cases, there are many cells which do not appear to be endothelial in origin. We labeled 5 such cases with antibodies directed against factor VIII-related antigen, @entity2280 , alpha actin, factor XIIIa and PC-10. Anti-factor VIII-related antigen labeled all endothelial cells and did not label cells away from vessels. Anti- @entity2280 recognized similar cells and also stained a subset of interstitial cells. Anti-alpha muscle defined pericytes and stained few interstitial cells and none of the endothelial cells. Many of the interstitial spindled and cuboidal cells stained strongly with anti-factor XIIIa. The majority of the mitotic activity was concentrated in the interstitial cells. These observations lend support to the concept that infantile (juvenile) @entity8702 is a @entity5 of primitive cells with capabilities for differentiating toward endothelial cells and pericytes. It is not clear whether a similar stem cell population gives rise to dermal dendrocytes, or whether these represent an immune response to the @entity5 .

title: Infantile (juvenile) XXXX : a @entity5 of heterogeneous cellular elements.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity8702 :: ('MESH:D018324', 'Disease') :: ['capillary hemangioma', 'capillary hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['vascular neoplasms']

answer: @entity8702 :: (MESH:D018324,Disease) :: ['capillary hemangioma']


abstract: 1. Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of dietary protein and @entity1522 on urinary excretion of @entity1522 and @entity1568 in colostomised @entity233 hens. 2. Normal and colostomised @entity233 8 weeks of age were fed on control and high protein diets. Body weight gains of both types of birds were similar. Diet did not affect the @entity1522 in the urine significantly, but urinary @entity1568 was higher with the high protein diet. 3. Normal and colostomised @entity233 10 weeks of age were fed a diet with either supplemental @entity7836 or @entity58439 (each 20 g/kg diet). @entity7836 @entity308 and resulted in considerable excretion of @entity1853 in urine. @entity376 had little effect on @entity1017 or urinary @entity376 .

title: Effects of dietary protein, XXXX and @entity376 on urinary amino acid excretion in @entity233 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed gain']

entities_list: @entity233 :: ('9103', 'Species') :: ['turkey', 'turkeys']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['Lysine', 'lysine']

entities_list: @entity58439 :: ('CHEBI:53633', 'Chemical') :: ['L-lysine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity7836 :: ('CHEBI:16811', 'Chemical') :: ['DL-methionine']

answer: @entity1853 :: (MESH:D008715,Chemical) :: ['methionine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of self-expanding stent in treatment of @entity697 wide-necked @entity438 in the acute stage. METHOD: Treatment of 38 @entity1 with self-expanding stent was retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: From January 2009 to May 2014, a total of 38 @entity1 with 44 @entity697 wide-necked @entity438 were embolized with self-expanding stents at our center. Immediate post-operative imaging demonstrated that the @entity439 were densely packed in 17 @entity1 , subtotally embolized in 2 @entity1 , and subtotally embolized with residual @entity439 necks in 19 @entity1 . At discharge, the @entity1 were assessed for prognosis and the results revealed @entity129 in 3 @entity1 (7.9%), @entity772 in 6 @entity1 (15.8%), hospital death in 1 case (2.6%). Twenty-eight (73.7%) @entity1 were asymptomatic at discharge. Ten of the 38 @entity1 were followed up by angiography for a period of 3.7 months on average, which showed complete occlusion in 9 @entity1 (90%), remnant @entity439 necks in 1 @entity1 (10%), and no recanalization was observed in all the followed-up @entity1 . Stent related complications also were recorded. CONCLUSION: Stent-assisted coiling is effective in treating @entity697 wide-necked @entity438 . Angiographic investigation and clinical follow-up is needed for evaluation of long-term clinical outcomes.

title: Treatment of XXXX wide-necked @entity438 using self-expanding stent.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['nerve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acutely ruptured']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acutely ruptured']


abstract: PURPOSE: In Japan, the role of radiotherapy for @entity189 has not been considered as a radical treatment, but only a pre and/or postoperative treatment. This study was aimed to discuss a possibility of radiotherapy for a radical treatment. In this study, radiotherapy was given as an initial treatment for @entity957 of the lower gingiva in simultaneous combination with chemotherapy of @entity1732 or @entity6030 (Tokyo, Japan). METHODS AND MATERIALS: When complete regression of the @entity5 was obtained, subsequent surgery was postponed with or without a booster of radiotherapy of about 30 Gy until a recurrent lesion was confirmed. RESULTS: Sixty-seven percent of 100 @entity1 with T1 or T2 had complete regression, while only 22 (35.5%) of 62 @entity1 with T3 or T4 had complete regression. The 5-year local control rate by T classification, including the results of secondary treatments (surgery and/or radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy) for recurrent lesions, was 91% for T1, 89% for T2, 76% for T3 and 61% for T4. The 5-year local control rate according to treatment methods was 95% in the group without surgery and 86% in the group with surgery for T1 and T2 @entity1 . The rates were 54% and 71%, respectively for T3 and T4 @entity1 . The cause specific 5-year survival rate by stage was 75% for Stage I, 87% for Stage II, 71% for Stage III, 51% for Stage IV and 70% overall. CONCLUSION: The combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy could be a conservative radical treatment for T1 and T2 @entity1 with @entity189 .

title: Results of combined external irradiation and chemotherapy of @entity1732 or @entity6030 for XXXX of the lower gingiva.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['lower gingival carcinoma', 'gingival carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity6030 :: ('MESH:D017663', 'Chemical') :: ['peplomycin']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: Critical accumulation of cellular @entity460 in ischaemic myocardium is involved in irreversible cell damage. In @entity1 right atrial trabeculae and in @entity35 and @entity840 left atria, we investigated whether direct @entity460 overload by increasing the extracellular @entity460 concentration, [ @entity141 ]o, leads to similar impairment of function and ultrastructure as observed after ischaemia. The force of contraction was measured during two consecutive cumulative increases in [ @entity141 ]o (1-25 mmol/l) separated by 30 min of incubation at low [ @entity141 ]o. Compared to the first @entity141 challenge, the positive inotropic effect of increasing [ @entity141 ]o was depressed during the second one and the after-contractions, and the increase in resting tension developing with high [ @entity141 ]o tended to be larger. The ultrastructure of the tissue fixed immediately after excision was well preserved. When fixed after the second @entity141 challenge, half of the cells were severely damaged with various signs of cellular @entity141 overload similar to those observed after ischaemic damage: the sarcolemma lost its @entity141 -binding properties, sarcomeres showed contraction band @entity39 , the mitochondria had disrupted cristae and contained either large clusters of @entity141 precipitate or amorphous densities (Jennings granules). In many cells, @entity460 precipitates were present in the cytoplasm. The morphological and functional changes were similar in the three species studied. Our results suggest that the deterioration of @entity955 after challenge with high [ @entity141 ]o or after severe ischaemia may be traced back to a common mechanism, i.e. the sarcolemma loses its competence as a permeable barrier for @entity141 and therefore facilitates excessive @entity141 entry. However, for the direct demonstration of @entity460 precipitates as a sign of cytosolic @entity141 overload, high [ @entity141 ]o are required with are not normally present in the myocardium.

title: Functional and structural impairment in @entity1 , @entity35 and @entity840 atrial muscle in response to in vitro @entity460 overload: a cytochemical study on cellular XXXX distribution.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial myocardium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity626 ( @entity571 ) is a major cause of disability in older adults. However, there is limited research on the daily experience of living with knee @entity571 . We aimed to offer insight into the beliefs of @entity1 with knee @entity571 about their @entity221 and treatment. METHOD: Twenty-four semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 with physician-diagnosed knee @entity571 , aged between 48 and 84 years (mean   =   62, SD   =   7). The audio-taped interviews lasted from 30   min to 1   h, and were transcribed verbatim. The data were subjected to thematic analysis. The transcripts were independently coded by two researchers to increase reliability of coding. RESULTS: Six themes were developed and two of these are examined in further detail: (i) Illness representation and (ii) Beliefs about the medical and surgical control of @entity158 . Illness representation comprised beliefs about @entity1 's understanding of @entity571 and their @entity158 experience, as well as expectations about the course of @entity221 . The second theme presented experiences of limited @entity158 relief and concerns about the use of drugs and surgery. CONCLUSION: Exploring @entity221 representations and beliefs about medical and surgical control of @entity158 may provide the basis for initiating psychological interventions for @entity1 with knee @entity571 . IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: @entity1 with knee @entity158 at the core of their living, and hold beliefs about knee @entity571 being an incurable disease of a progressive nature, linked to specific causal factors. @entity1 with @entity571 have concerns and worries about use of medication to control @entity158 , and are ambivalent towards relying on medical or surgical interventions. Exploring and addressing @entity1 @entity221 beliefs and treatment expectations may help improve concordance with and outcomes from intervention.

title: The experience of living with knee @entity571 : exploring XXXX and treatment beliefs through thematic analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'people', 'People', 'men']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['Knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'OA place pain']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['illness']


abstract: Previous studies demonstrated that mechanical forces affect a wide range of cellular behaviors. These forces regulate important cellular responses in the @entity1 body and consist of gravity, hydrostatic pressure, stretch, and shear stress, which is exerted on the vascular system by the passage of blood flow. We reasoned that these forces might be significant and dynamic regulators of cellular functions within the @entity1 body. While cellular effects of stretch and shear stress have been studied particularly with endothelial cells, little is known about the effects of gravity and hydrostatic pressure to cells. To examine the direct effect of hydrostatic pressure, we developed a culture device to confer hydrostatic pressures to cells ranging from 0 to 1,000 psi. We subjected @entity1 @entity521 cells and @entity5041 -activated lymphocytes to a constant pressure of 20 or 100 psi for 48 h and attempted to identify genes regulated by hydrostatic pressure. Genes of @entity51781 in @entity521 cells and @entity61568 in lymphocytes increased after exposure to hydrostatic pressure. The results demonstrated that hydrostatic pressure directly regulates the expression of specific genes in @entity1 cells. Moreover, there may be some underlying mechanisms that have common effects in altered physical environments. Our in vitro culture system may provide some insight into the mechanisms through the intracellular processes affected by mechanical forces.

title: A culture device demonstrates that hydrostatic pressure increases mRNA of XXXX in @entity521 and @entity61568 in lymphocytic cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity51781 :: ('8490', 'Gene') :: ['regulator of G-protein signaling 5']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity51781 :: (8490,Gene) :: ['RGS5']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine which symptoms are the most reported occur most frequently, have the greatest severity, and cause the most bother for @entity1 on hemodialysis (HD), and to determine if the symptoms experienced differ between the first ( @entity17029 ) and second ( @entity15687 ) treatments of the week. An observational, comparative design was used to determine @entity1 ' HD symptoms experienced on @entity17029 and @entity15687 , and the effect of the symptom experience on quality of life (QOL). One hundred subjects were recruited from five dialysis centers. The adapted Dialysis Frequency, Severity, and Symptom Burden Index (DFSSBI) and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (MOS SF 36) were administered (N = 99) on @entity17029 and the DFSSBI again on @entity15687 . Data were analyzed for significance among symptom experience test scores in relation to @entity17029 and @entity15687 , QOL, and gender and age. Of 31 symptoms assessed respondents reported an average of 9.77 symptoms on @entity59553 .51 symptoms on @entity15687 . Overall, more symptoms were reported and were more frequent, severe, and bothersome on @entity17029 when the level of metabolic waste is highest. The most reported symptoms included tiredness, dry skin, @entity998 , itching, numbness/tingling, @entity4764 , @entity158 . Females scored consistently higher than males in the four symptom dimensions. Respondents reported about the same as the population norm (50) on the physical component summary score of the MOS SF 36 and higher than the norm (65.23) on the mental component summary score. The study found @entity1 on HD experience multiple symptoms that can be frequent, severe, and bothersome. Interventions should be developed and tested to reduce symptom bother and improve QOL.

title: Frequency, severity, and distress of dialysis-related symptoms reported by XXXX on hemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['difficulty falling asleep']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['decreased interest in sex, and bone/joint pain']

entities_list: @entity4764 :: ('MESH:D051346', 'Disease') :: ['difficulty staying asleep']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Some studies have reported that after attainment of peak bone mass (PBM), slow @entity604 may occur in both @entity1 and @entity1 ; however, findings are inconsistent. Genetic factors play a significant role in @entity604 , but the available evidence is conflicting. Genetic @entity290 non-persistence ( @entity290 C/C(-13910) genotype) is suggested to increase risk for inadequate @entity460 intake predisposing to poorer bone health. We investigated whether this genotype is associated with PBM and @entity604 in young Finnish adults. Subjects belong to the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study that is an ongoing multi-centre follow-up of @entity731 risk factors. From the original cohort, randomly selected subjects aged 20-29 participated in baseline @entity79 ( @entity79 ) measurements (n=358), and in follow-up measurements 12 years later (n=157). Bone mineral content (BMC) and @entity79 at lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) were measured at baseline and follow-up with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). @entity290 @entity6344 (-13910) polymorphism was determined by PCR and allele-specific fluorogenic probes. Information on lifestyle was elicited with questionnaires. During the follow-up, @entity604 at both bone sites was greater in males (LS @entity79 : -1.1%, FN @entity79 : -5.2%) than in females (LS @entity79 : +2.1%, FN @entity79 : -0.7%) (both bone sites p=0.001). Younger age predicted greater loss of FN BMC and @entity79 in females (p=0.013 and p=0.001, respectively). Increased @entity460 intake predicted FN @entity79 in both sexes (in females B=0.007 g/cm(2)/mg, p=0.002; in males B=0.006, p=0.045), and increased physical activity LS @entity79 in females (B=0.091 g/cm(2)/physical activity point, p=0.023). PBM did not differ between the @entity290 genotypes, but males with the CC(-13910) genotype seemed to be prone to greater @entity604 during the follow-up (LS @entity79 : C/C vs. T/T p=0.081). In conclusion, @entity604 in young adulthood was more common in males than in females and seemed to occur mainly at the femoral neck. Young males with the @entity290 CC(-13910) genotype may be more susceptible to @entity604 ; however, @entity460 intake predicts changes in bone mass more than the @entity290 genotype.

title: Associations of genetic @entity290 non-persistence and sex with XXXX in young adulthood.

entities_list: @entity6344 :: ('c|SUB|C||T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['C/T']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD', 'BMD gain']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because there are no @entity1 -friendly, validated, self-report measures of @entity1353 or @entity1353 , we developed, and provided initial validation, of three, 7-item, pictorial scales depicting three @entity1353 : throat closing, chest tightness, and effort. METHODS: We developed the three scales (Throat closing, @entity764 , and Effort) using focus groups with 25 @entity1 . Subsequently, seventy-nine @entity1 (29 @entity1 with @entity565 , 30 @entity1 with @entity1577 . and 20 @entity1 who were healthy) aged 6 to 18 years rated each picture in each series, using a 0-10 scale. In addition, each @entity1 placed each picture in each series on a 100-cm long Visual Analogue Scale, with the anchors "not at all" and "a lot". RESULTS: @entity1 aged eight years or older rated the scales in the correct order 75% to 98% correctly, but @entity1 less than 8 years of age performed unreliably. The mean distance between each consecutive item in each pictorial scale was equal. CONCLUSION: Preliminary results revealed that @entity1 aged 8 to 18 years understood and used these three scales measuring throat closing, chest tightness, and effort appropriately. The scales appear to accurately measure the construct of @entity1353 , at least at an interval level. Additional research applying these scales to clinical situations is warranted.

title: Dalhousie XXXX scales: construct and content validity of pictorial scales for measuring @entity1353 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['sub-constructs of dyspnea', 'breathlessness', 'dyspnea']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['Chest tightness']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1353 :: (MESH:D004417,Disease) :: ['dyspnea']


abstract: Based on encouraging results with @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ), @entity1862 , and concomitant radiotherapy in @entity1 with advanced or recurrent @entity135 , an attempt was made to modulate the regimen by the addition of @entity900 as a third active agent. A cohort of 26 @entity1 with @entity135 of all histologies were entered into a broad phase I study investigating simultaneous radiation therapy, @entity1487 (with or without @entity4181 ), HU, and infusional @entity900 administered on an alternate-week schedule. Eleven @entity1 (group 1) had failed prior curative local therapy and 15 @entity1 (group 2) were considered to have a poor prognosis with standard therapy. The median follow-up was 30 months. The response rate for all evaluable @entity1 was 82% (14/17), and the complete response rate was 65% (11/17). @entity1 in group 1 demonstrated a high failure rate (9/11), while few group 2 @entity1 failed after treatment (2/15). The median time to progression was 4.4 months in group 1 and has not been reached in group 2. @entity1 in group 1 failed locally (7/11), while no local failures were observed in group 2. Acute and cumulative hematologic @entity137 was encountered at all dose levels and schedules tested and prevented escalation of the @entity900 dose beyond the desired level of 100 mg/m2 per months. @entity33 was a second significant @entity137 in @entity1 with @entity135 and was more pronounced during cycles containing leucovorin. A detailed analysis of survival, time to progression, and site of failure is presented.

title: Concomitant chemoradiotherapy with XXXX , @entity1487 and @entity1862 in poor-prognosis @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['Mucositis']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity3658 ( @entity3658 ) and its natural antagonist @entity877 ( @entity877 ), both ligands for the receptor @entity669 kinase @entity878 , are known to play an essential role in normal and pathological angiogenesis. DESIGN AND METHODS: We investigated the expression of @entity3658 , @entity877 and @entity878 by immunohistochemical analyses in bone marrow biopsies of 64 adult @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and correlated angiogenic factor expression with clinicopathological variables and long-term survival. RESULTS: Expression of @entity877 was significantly higher in the bone marrow of @entity3052 @entity1 than in 16 control @entity1 . In contrast, the levels of @entity3658 expression in @entity3052 @entity1 did not differ from those found in controls. Thus, we observed a reversal of the @entity3658 and @entity877 expression balance in the neoplastic bone marrow. Furthermore, @entity878 was significantly overexpressed in leukemic blasts. @entity1 expressing high levels of @entity877 had significantly longer overall survival than those with low @entity877 levels (52.7 vs. 14.7 months). Multivariate analysis revealed that karyotype and @entity877 expression were independent prognostic factors for overall survival (hazard ratio [CI]: 3.06 [1.39-6.70] and 0.31 [0.14-0.69], respectively). INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: These data provide evidence that the alteration of angiopoietin balance in favor of @entity877 may play a critical role in the pathophysiology of @entity3052 . Furthermore, high pre-therapeutic levels of @entity877 in the bone marrow indicate a favorable prognosis in @entity3052 @entity1 treated with polychemotherapy, although the mechanism is not yet known.

title: Expression of angiopoietins and their receptor XXXX in the bone marrow of @entity1 with @entity3052 .

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity878 :: (7010,Gene) :: ['Tie2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Filtered 325-nm xenon light was used to test its effectiveness in the detection of @entity1547 on @entity291 enamel by measuring the fluorescence spectrum. BACKGROUND DATA: The combination of early detection with new interventional methodology and caries management will be the preferred dental practice in the future. METHODS: Specimens of @entity291 tooth enamel were embedded in resin, polished, exposed to a lactate @entity16313 buffer system for 71 hours, and randomly divided into one control and three test groups of 10 specimens each, with @entity3358 ( @entity3358 ) stratification. The surface changes were characterized by atomic force microscopy. All specimens were irradiated with xenon light, and a fluorescence spectrum was produced. Characteristics of fluorescence among the demineralized tooth groups were measured using an optical multichannel analyzer and a confocal laser scanning microscope. RESULTS: The VHNs were significantly different among the four groups (p < 0.05). The fluorescence had a peak intensity of approximately 425 nm, and the slope value between 450 and 550 nm was significantly decreased in all test groups (groups II-IV) compared to the control group (group I), as the @entity3358 decreased (p < 0.05). Demineralized lesion depth gradually increased to 30-40 microm in groups II-IV. CONCLUSIONS: The 325-nm xenon light resulted in high efficacy for detecting @entity1547 . By evaluating the highest peak and slope value, the incipient @entity1547 may be detected.

title: Xenon light has effectiveness on the detection of @entity1547 on XXXX enamel in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['carious lesion', 'incipient carious lesions']

entities_list: @entity3358 :: ('MESH:D018804', 'Disease') :: ['Vickers hardness number', 'VHN']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']