abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity470 @entity669 kinase inhibitor @entity4562 (Iressa) markedly potentiates the efficacy of many cytotoxic agents against several @entity1 @entity5 xenografts, irrespective of @entity5 @entity470 expression levels. We subsequently investigated the extent to which @entity4562 might improve @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) in similar animal models of @entity1 @entity5 within the limits of tolerance at a relevant organ site. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We carried out studies of @entity4562 in in vivo models of @entity1 non-small cell lung (A549 and SK-LC-16) and breast (MDA-MB468) cancers and @entity1 @entity2615 (JMN). The @entity5 were implanted s.c. over the rib cage or on the most proximate breast and @entity1161 given ventral dorsally to the chest only, with mediastinal protection. After the @entity5 reached a palpable size (0.4-0.6 mm), treatment was initiated with the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of @entity4562 (150 mg/kg once daily x 5 for 2 successive weeks), @entity1161 (a total of 40 Gy given fractionally at 4 Gy once daily x 5 for 2 successive weeks), or both @entity4562 and @entity1161 . RESULTS: This level of @entity1161 induced no untoward effects in the @entity19 and was effective (18-72%) in bringing about regression of the @entity5 with a few complete regressions. @entity4562 alone, given p.o. on the same schedule at its MTD (150 mg/kg), was modestly inhibitory (35-40%) to @entity5 growth. @entity1161 and @entity4562 could be given together at the same doses on the same schedule, resulting in marked regression (50-99%) and a large number of complete regressions of each of the @entity5 studied. In these studies, the MTD of @entity4562 could be combined with the MTD of @entity1161 with no change in schedule or increase @entity137 over @entity4562 or @entity1161 alone. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4562 significantly enhanced the antitumor action of @entity1161 against the @entity5 without significant adverse effects, increasing the therapeutic selectively of ionizing radiation in these model systems. These results predict substantial benefits for this multimodality regimen of therapy in @entity1 .

title: The @entity470 @entity669 kinase inhibitor @entity4562 selectively potentiates radiation response of @entity1 @entity5 in XXXX , with a marked improvement in therapeutic index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer', 'test tumors']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: Pathophysiological roles of endogenous endothelin have been studied from the viewpoint of its contribution to the extension of @entity583 size. A monoclonal antibody against @entity1827 (AwETN40) suppressed changes induced by @entity1827 and @entity19015 but did not modify those by @entity1826 in vivo or in vitro. Effects of AwETN40 on @entity583 size were investigated. Coronary ligation (1 hour) and reperfusion (24 hours) in @entity35 caused @entity1188 in 35% of the left ventricle. Repetitive or single administration of AwETN40 reduced the @entity1188 size; an intravenous injection of 22.5 mg/kg of the antibody 5 minutes after @entity1563 or 5 minutes before reperfusion reduced the size by 38% or 31% of the control, respectively. Plasma and tissue @entity1827 and plasma big @entity1827 in @entity35 were measured at various stages after occlusion. Plasma @entity1827 showed a fourfold increase 10 minutes after reperfusion (from 1.02 to 3.96 pg/ml) and had returned to the control value after 8 hours. Plasma big @entity1827 showed changes similar to those of plasma @entity1827 . No significant changes in plasma @entity19015 and @entity1826 were observed. Cardiac tissue contained seven times as much @entity1827 as the control value 1 hour after reperfusion (4.59 versus 33.1 pg/g tissue), and a high concentration (13.2 pg/g tissue) was maintained even after 48 hours. We concluded that an increase in endogenous @entity1827 plays an important role in the extension of @entity583 size.

title: Contribution of endogenous endothelin to the extension of XXXX size in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarct']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Our purpose was to make a synthesis of the available evidence on the relative efficacy and safety of 2 drug-eluting stents (DES)-- @entity3446 -eluting stent (SES) and @entity1311 -eluting stent (PES)--in @entity1 with @entity453 . BACKGROUND: It is not known whether there are differences in late outcomes between the 2 most commonly used @entity4743 : SES and PES. METHODS: Sixteen randomized trials of SES versus PES with a total number of 8,695 @entity1 were included in this meta-analysis. A full set of individual outcome data from 5,562 @entity1 was also available. Mean follow-up period ranged from 9 to 37 months. The primary efficacy end point was the need for reintervention ( @entity75 revascularization). The primary safety end point was stent @entity715 . Secondary end points were @entity204 and recurrent @entity583 ( @entity583 ). RESULTS: No significant heterogeneity was found across trials. Compared with PES, SES significantly reduced the risk of reintervention (hazard ratio [HR] 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63 to 0.87, p < 0.001) and stent @entity715 (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.46 to 0.94, p = 0.02) without significantly impacting on the risk of @entity204 (HR 0.92; 95% CI 0.74 to 1.13, p = 0.43) or @entity583 (HR 0.84; 95% CI 0.69 to 1.03, p = 0.10). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3446 -eluting stents are superior to PES in terms of a significant reduction of the risk of reintervention and stent @entity715 . The risk of @entity204 was not significantly different between the 2 DES, but there was a trend toward a higher risk of @entity583 with PES, especially after the first year from the procedure.

title: A meta-analysis of 16 randomized trials of @entity3446 -eluting stents versus @entity1311 -eluting stents in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus', 'Sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Eighty-eight cases (114 @entity1410 ) of @entity6087 ( @entity3439 ) were treated surgically using irrigation with or without drainage. 13 cases (14.8%), 13 @entity1410 (11.4%) showed recurrence after the 1st operation. They were compared with non-recurrent cases using clinical reviews and serial CT findings. The result of the study showed that all of the @entity1 in whom recurrence occurred were male and elderly (mean age 70.4 years). Many of these recurrences occurred in cases of bilateral @entity3439 , on the left @entity1410 side, and at intervals within 7 days from the onset of clinical symptoms after the 1st operation. All recurrent cases were treated surgically using irrigation without drainage. In preoperative CT findings, it was shown that high density areas and small-sized @entity1410 were detected at a slightly higher rate in recurrent cases than in non recurrent cases. In postoperative CT findings, it was shown that many of the recurrent @entity1 deteriorated during an interval from 2 weeks to 2 months. It was shown that non-recurrent @entity1 had become almost normal by 3 months after the operation. Residual air volume into the subdural space within 7 days in recurrent cases was greater than in non-recurrent cases. Therefore, using irrigation with drainage, planning the operative timing, and reduction of residual air volume into subdural space are proposed as suitable means to avoid recurrence of @entity3439 . @entity1 of @entity3439 need postoperative follow-up during an interval up to 3 months.

title: [Recurrent cases of XXXX --its clinical review and serial CT findings].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity6087 :: ('MESH:D020200', 'Disease') :: ['chronic subdural hematoma']

answer: @entity6087 :: (MESH:D020200,Disease) :: ['chronic subdural hematoma']


abstract: We used @entity35 with a sciatic nerve @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ) and combined behavioural, molecular and morphological approaches to assess the involvement of mGlu5 receptors in @entity9 -associated @entity1931 and spinal cord neuron apoptosis. Mechanical and thermal @entity1931 developed 2-3 days after surgery. Morphological changes in the ipsilateral L4-L5 lamina II consisted of: (i) cell loss (38 +/- 5%), (ii) increased TUNEL-positive profiles, (iii) decreased SP-immunoreactive primary afferents, and (iv) reactive @entity5219 . Molecular expression data suggested a bi-phasic response of @entity1976 family genes in @entity8638 . An early (2-3 days post- @entity8638 ) @entity53195 - and @entity10740 -independent apoptosis appeared in the spinal cord as the pro-apoptotic @entity2310 gene increased (320 +/- 19%), followed by an increased expression of the anti-apoptotic @entity1976 and @entity5613 genes (60 +/- 11% and 110 +/- 15%, respectively) 7 days from @entity8638 . The selective mGlu5 receptor antagonist, @entity12370 (2 mg/kg i.p. twice daily), prevented the development of thermal @entity1931 and transiently reduced mechanical @entity1931 . Despite the @entity12370 treatment, which normalised @entity2310 / @entity1976 and @entity5613 /bcl-xS ratios at all times post- @entity8638 , mechanical @entity1931 reappeared by 7 days after @entity8638 . Similarly, @entity12370 was cytoprotective at 3, but not 7 days post- @entity8638 . This study shows that: (a) spinal cord neuron loss may be triggered by a @entity10740 - and @entity53195 -independent apoptosis in lamina II with the participation of @entity2227 mGlu5 receptors, (b) these receptors seem to be involved transiently, as their blockade was no longer protective by 7 days @entity8638 , and (c) this delayed cell @entity204 occurred in the absence of @entity2310 activation, suggesting the involvement of an alternative @entity204 pathway.

title: Blockade of XXXX mGlu5 receptors in a @entity35 model of @entity9 prevents early over-expression of pro-apoptotic genes and morphological changes in dorsal horn lamina II.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['chronic constrictive injury', 'CCI']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: While cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most well-established treatment for @entity5550 ( @entity5550 ), little is known about process factors influencing its outcome. The present study sought to explore the assessment of therapist adherence, its course over treatment, and its associations with @entity1 and therapist characteristics, and the therapeutic alliance. In a prospective multicenter randomized-controlled trial comparing CBT to internet-based guided self-help (INTERBED-study), therapist adherence using the newly developed @entity23 ( @entity23 ) was determined by trained raters in randomly selected 418 audio-taped CBT sessions of 89 @entity1 (25% of all sessions). Observer-rated therapeutic alliance, interview-based and self-reported @entity1 and therapist characteristics were assessed. Three-level multilevel modeling was applied. The @entity23 showed adequate psychometric properties. Therapist adherence was excellent. While significant between-therapist variability in therapist adherence was found, within-therapist variability was non-significant. @entity1 and therapist characteristics did not predict the therapist adherence. The therapist adherence positively predicted the therapeutic alliance. The @entity23 demonstrated its utility to assess therapist adherence in CBT for @entity5550 . The excellent levels of therapist adherence point to the internal validity of the CBT within the INTERBED-study serving as a prerequisite for empirical comparisons between treatments. Variability between therapists should be addressed in therapist trainings and dissemination trials.

title: Therapist adherence in individual cognitive-behavioral therapy for XXXX : assessment, course, and predictors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['Adherence Control Form', 'ACF']

entities_list: @entity5550 :: ('MESH:D056912', 'Disease') :: ['BED', 'binge-eating disorder']

answer: @entity5550 :: (MESH:D056912,Disease) :: ['binge-eating disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of @entity4610 ( @entity4610 ) on the early changes of @entity95 vein graft (VG). METHODS: @entity95 vein grafting models were divided into S group (with perivenous @entity4610 ) and NS group (without perivenous @entity4610 ). The VG were harvested in 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks after operation, respectively. The expression of @entity12914 ( @entity12914 ) was used for evaluating the proliferation of the smooth muscle cell (SMC). The thickness, area of @entity8233 and media of the VG were calculated by computer imaging analysis system. RESULTS: @entity4610 began to degrade in 2 weeks after operation. The thickness, area of both @entity8233 and media of the VG in S group, increased mildly in 1 week after operation, and kept steady in 1 or 2 weeks after grafting, which was significantly less than NS group (both P < 0.01), then increased mildly in 4 weeks after grafting but still less than NS group (P < 0.05). The expression of @entity12914 of SMC decreased significantly in comparison with NS group though increasing mildly in four weeks after operation. Both neointimal formation and cell proliferation in the graft wall were significantly reduced by external stenting as compared to the results with unstented grafts. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4610 may reduce early intimal and medial @entity1373 , and may be beneficial in improving the long term patency of the VG. The biodegradable characteristics of the @entity4610 may influence its effect.

title: [Effect of the biodegradable chitosan external stent on the early changes in the XXXX vein grafts].

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'Rabbit']

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['chitosan biodegradable external stent', 'CES']

entities_list: @entity12914 :: ('100339381(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the optimal approach to prevent adhesions comparing @entity3086 ( @entity1176 -a), Interceed (oxidized regenerated cellulose; Johnson _ Johnson Medical, Inc., New Brunswick, NJ), and a combination of @entity3086 with Interceed in a @entity95 uterine horn adhesion model. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, blinded study. SETTING: Certified animal care facility. ANIMAL(S): Twenty-eight sexually mature, female New Zealand White @entity95 . INTERVENTION(S): Animals were prospectively randomized (by number generator) to receive @entity1176 -a or saline. After 6 weeks, standard surgical manipulations were performed at three sites in each uterine horn by [1]. suture, [2]. unipolar cautery, and [3]. superficial abrasion. Interceed was applied over one randomly assigned uterine horn only. Six weeks after surgery, uterine adhesions were assessed visually, and tissue @entity82 was assessed by histology. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Presence or absence of adhesions and microscopic tissue @entity82 . RESULT(S): Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist significantly decreased adhesions, whereas Interceed alone did not reduce adhesions. However, @entity1176 agonist plus Interceed was the most effective measure to reduce tissue @entity82 . CONCLUSION(S): Preoperative @entity1176 -a is more effective than Interceed in preventing surgical adhesions in the @entity95 uterine horn. However, preoperative @entity1176 -a plus Interceed may provide optimal results in this animal model, because microscopic tissue @entity82 is minimized with this combination.

title: Preoperative @entity3086 combined with Interceed* optimally reduces uterine adhesions and @entity82 in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity3086 :: ('MESH:D016729', 'Chemical') :: ['leuprolide acetate', 'leuprolide']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Many studies have previously described changes in preproenkephalin-A (PPE-A) and @entity18812 (PPE-B) gene expression in the striatum of the @entity2955 ( @entity2955 )-lesioned @entity35 model of @entity191 (both with or without @entity935 replacement treatment). To date, these studies have either taken the striatum as a whole or have focused on a single subregion of the striatum. However, the striatum is organized into anatomically discrete parallel circuits serving different functions (motor, associative, and limbic). We have therefore employed in situ hybridization to examine the detailed topography of changes in opioid precursor expression following @entity935 depletion and subsequent treatment with @entity3826 (5 mg/kg twice daily for 10 days). In the untreated @entity2955 -lesioned striatum PPE-A expression was elevated only in the dorsal (sensorimotor) caudate-putamen. Following @entity3826 treatment PPE-A mRNA levels were further raised in the sensorimotor striatum (</=77%) and approximately doubled and tripled in the ventral caudate-putamen (associative) and nucleus accumbens (limbic), respectively. These subsequent elevations were mostly restricted to rostral portions of the striatum. Although unchanged following vehicle treatment, PPE-B gene expression in the lesioned caudate-putamen (sensorimotor and associative) was elevated some 30-fold by @entity3826 treatment. A smaller rise (fivefold) was seen in rostral regions of the lesioned nucleus accumbens. Thus, differential regulation of opioid peptide transmission exists in motor, limbic, and associative regions of the striatum and may contribute to the generation of motor and @entity73 following long-term treatment of the @entity935 -depleted striatum.

title: Topographical organization of opioid peptide precursor gene expression following repeated @entity3826 treatment in the @entity2955 -lesioned XXXX .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disturbances']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity18812 :: ('MESH:C033660', 'Chemical') :: ['preproenkephalin-B']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Stress is the most frequent @entity410 -precipitating factor reported by @entity1 with @entity302 , while stressful life events may increase @entity410 susceptibility in @entity1 . In this study, we investigated the relations between both biological and behavioral measures of stress in @entity1 with a first @entity302 (hereafter called @entity410 ). We hypothesized that hair @entity701 , a biomarker of chronic stress reflecting approximately 3months of preceding exposure, might be increased in @entity1 with a first @entity410 . We also employed standardized questionnaires to examine presence of stress-related behavioral markers. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional clinical study investigating stress-related parameters in @entity1 with a first @entity410 (First @entity302 Group (FESG), n=22) in comparison to healthy @entity1 without @entity410 (Control Group, n=29). Within 24h after a first @entity410 , hair samples were collected from @entity1 for the determination of @entity701 . In parallel, perceived stress and @entity148 and @entity308 were examined with appropriate self- and parent-completed questionnaires, and history of stressful life events during the past year was recorded. Emotional and @entity146 were also assessed by parent-reported validated and widely-used questionnaires. RESULTS: Higher hair @entity701 measurements were observed in the FESG than control @entity1 (7.5 versus 5.0pg/mg respectively, p=0.001). The former were more likely to complain of somatic problems than the latter (59.8 vs. 55.4 according to DSM-oriented Scale, p=0.021); however, there were no differences in perceived stress and @entity148 or @entity308 between the two groups. Using ROC analysis of hair @entity701 measurements for predicting disease status, the maximum sensitivity and specificity were observed for a cut-off point of 5.25pg/mg. SIGNIFICANCE: Increased hair @entity701 indicates chronic @entity2915 of the @entity2339 prior to the first @entity410 . This might have contributed to the epileptogenesis process and may help explain the higher incidence of antecedent somatic complaints in the first @entity410 group.

title: Increased hair XXXX and antecedent somatic complaints in @entity1 with a first @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral problems']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizure', 'epilepsy', 'Epileptic Seizure']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A growing number of @entity1 are returning to dialysis after @entity177 . The aim of this study is to determine whether @entity298 ( @entity1585 ) is a safe and good treatment option for these @entity1 . METHODS: All @entity1 returning to @entity1585 or haemodialysis ( @entity1585 ) after @entity177 before 1 October 2002 at the University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium, were evaluated. Data were collected until death, retransplantation (reTx), transfer to @entity1585 or @entity1585 or until 1 January 2003. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 starting @entity1585 ( @entity1585 ) and 39 @entity1 starting @entity1585 ( @entity1585 ) after @entity177 were included in the study. There were no significant differences in age, sex, serum albumin- and CRP-levels at baseline. The total time on renal replacement therapy at @entity177 and time to @entity177 did not differ between the two groups either. Furthermore, the baseline comorbidity was similar in both groups. During follow-up, the outcome did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, there was a tendency towards higher @entity1 survival and reTx tended to be more frequent in the @entity1585 . Moreover, @entity1 in the @entity1585 tended to accrue more new comorbidity. The incidence of @entity298 and the evolution of dialysis adequacy (renal and peritoneal Kt/V and @entity1011 clearances) with time in the @entity1585 was similar to that seen in our centre's @entity1585 @entity1 who had never undergone transplantation before. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the outcome in @entity1 starting @entity1585 after @entity177 is at least as good as the outcome in those starting @entity1585 . Although these observational findings warrant further confirmation, @entity1585 therefore can be regarded as a safe and good treatment option for @entity1 returning to dialysis after @entity177 .

title: Comparison of XXXX and haemodialysis after @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal transplant failure', 'transplant failure']

entities_list: @entity1585 :: ('MESH:D065703', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'PDpostTx-group', 'HD', 'HDpostTx-group']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal dialysis']


abstract: From January 1985 through January 1993, 41 @entity1 less than 1 year of age underwent operative correction of isolated @entity1700 . There were 24 @entity1 and 17 @entity1 . The median age at operation was 13 days (range 1 to 282 days) and weight was 3.6 kg (2.5 to 5.2 kg). Locations of the connections were supracardiac in 19, cardiac in 9, infracardiac in 11, and mixed supracardiac and cardiac in 2. Obstruction of the pulmonary veins was severe in 24, mild in 3, and absent in 14. Preoperative stabilization included mechanical ventilation for 15 @entity1 for a mean duration of 2 1/2 days and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for 1 @entity1 for 1 day. All operations were performed with deep @entity2332 and @entity1167 (mean arrest time 34 minutes). Supracardiac connections were repaired by performing a side-to-side anastomosis between the pulmonary venous confluence and the dome of the left atrium through a superior approach between the superior vena cava and the aorta. Coronary sinus connections were repaired by enlarging the @entity118 with the left atrium and closing the @entity118 with a large patch. Infracardiac repairs included elevation and rotation of the heart to the right and an elongated side-to-side anastomosis between the common venous confluence and the left atrium. One @entity1 died 1 week postoperatively of persistent @entity120 . Another @entity1 , who was supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation before the operation, died 3 months after the operation as a consequence of @entity15704 . All other @entity1 are alive and well with a mean follow-up of 26 months (range 3 to 77 months). One @entity1 required two subsequent reoperations for persistent @entity3885 , and another @entity1 had superior vena cava obstruction necessitating reoperation. Operative treatment of @entity1700 in @entity1 can be performed with low mortality and an infrequent need for reoperations.

title: Correction of XXXX in infancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'infants', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['total anomalous pulmonary venous connection']

entities_list: @entity15704 :: ('MESH:C537727', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lymphangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary venous obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect and the coronary sinus communication', 'atrial defect']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1700 :: (MESH:D012587,Disease) :: ['total anomalous pulmonary venous connection']


abstract: Cellular immunity may play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity731 . In this report the potential role of these cells in the formation of @entity1028 by immunohistochemistry was investigated. Aortic tissues from 32 @entity1 were examined: 4 normal aortas, 6 aortas with occlusive @entity731 , 17 @entity1028 , and 5 inflammatory @entity439 . Using monoclonal anti-CD3 (T cells), anti- @entity1075 (B cells), anti- @entity2935 (macrophages), anti- @entity404 (T helper cells), and anti- @entity405 (T suppressor cells), several distinctions among these groups were found. The amount of inflammatory cell infiltrate was as follows: @entity439 more than occlusive aortas more than normal aortas. CD3-positive T lymphocytes rarely were found in the adventitia of normal or occlusive aortas. In contrast, @entity1028 and inflammatory @entity439 exhibited most of the CD3-positive infiltrates in the adventitia. @entity1075 -positive B lymphocytes were present mainly in the adventitia of all pathologic tissues. The @entity404 -positive: @entity405 -positive ratio was greater in @entity1028 and inflammatory @entity439 than in the other groups, both in the adventitia and in the media of the aortas. @entity2935 -positive macrophages were present throughout the diseased tissues, often surrounded by lymphoid aggregates; the greatest numbers of macrophages were found in the inflammatory @entity439 group. Our data suggests that the @entity439 may progress from @entity432 and is accompanied by an increase in chronic inflammatory cells as well as a redistribution of these cell types. Therefore it is suggested that @entity439 may represent an immune-mediated event.

title: @entity1 XXXX . Immunophenotypic analysis suggesting an immune-mediated response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'inflammatory aneurysms more than abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'abdominal aneurysms', 'aneurysmal disease', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: AIM: @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ), a major compound of tea @entity6398 , exhibited antitumor activity in previous studies. In these studies, @entity3090 usually inhibits @entity470 , and impairs the @entity1366 phosphorylation in @entity5 cells. The aim was to clarify the mechanism of @entity1366 activation induced by @entity3090 . METHOD: Jurkat and 293T cells were treated with @entity3090 in different culture conditions. Western Blotting (WB) was employed to analyze @entity1366 and @entity8047 phosphorylation. Cetuximab and @entity57895 were used to inhibit cell signaling. The stability of @entity3090 was assessed by HPLC. The concentration of @entity273 generated by the auto-oxidation of @entity3090 was determined by photocolorimetric analysis. RESULTS: Activation of @entity1366 was observed to be both time-and dose-dependent. Stimulation of cell signaling was dependent on @entity8047 activity, but independent of @entity470 activity. Unexpectedly, @entity3090 was depleted within one hour of incubation under traditional culture conditions. Auto-oxidation of @entity3090 generated a high level of @entity273 in the medium. @entity10216 and SOD to the acidic medium inhibited the oxidation of @entity3090 . However, this particular condition also prevented the phosphorylation of @entity1366 . The generation of ROS by @entity273 may also induce @entity1366 activation in Jurkat cells. CONCLUSION: @entity1366 phosphorylation was caused by auto-oxidation of @entity3090 . Traditional culture conditions were determined to be inappropriate for @entity3090 research.

title: Mechanism of action of XXXX : auto-oxidation-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in Jurkat cells.

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate']

entities_list: @entity10216 :: ('MESH:D020642', 'Disease') :: ['Addition of catalase']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

answer: @entity3089 :: (MESH:C045651,Chemical) :: ['(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To gather additional 28-day all-cause mortality data and safety information for pediatric @entity1 with severe @entity295 who received drotrecogin alfa (activated) (DrotAA). DESIGN AND SETTING: Single-arm, open-label, multicentered study conducted in 59 study sites in 15 countries. @entity1 : One-hundred eighty-eight @entity1 (term newborn to <18 yrs old) with severe @entity295 were consecutively enrolled in the study. INTERVENTION: Administration of DrotAA, 24 microg/kg/hr for 96 hrs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Four-day and 28-day all-cause mortality, safety information, and protein C levels. RESULTS: : One-hundred eighty-seven @entity1 completed the study. The 4-day mortality rate was 7.0%, and the 28-day mortality rate was 13.4%. At baseline, 57.6% of @entity1 were severely @entity7131 (a level < or = 40% of normal). There was a statistically significant association between increased 28-day mortality and decreased end-of-infusion protein C levels (p < .001), greater number of baseline organ dysfunctions (p < .001), and greater baseline ventilator use (p = .03). Bleeding was the most significant complication observed. Serious @entity548 events (including @entity417 without a @entity548 source) were experienced by 27.7% of @entity1 (n = 52). Six of the serious @entity548 events (3.2%) were considered related to administration of DrotAA. During infusion, serious @entity548 events with an identified source of @entity548 were experienced by 5.9% of @entity1 (n = 11). @entity6220 was experienced by 2.7% (n = 5). Two of the @entity932 were fatal and occurred postinfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Without a placebo control, no efficacy conclusions are possible. Subgroups at higher risk of @entity204 were identified, and the change in protein C level from baseline was predictive of survival. The most significant complication observed was @entity548 . Risk factors for serious @entity548 appear to be @entity881 , @entity882 , and @entity1003 .

title: ENHANCE: results of a global open-label trial of drotrecogin alfa (activated) in XXXX with severe @entity295 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['Central nervous system bleeding']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['deficient in protein C']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECT: The objectives of this study were to: 1) describe the incidence and clinical features of intravertebral vacuum phenomenon (IVVP) in a relatively large number of cases; 2) quantitatively evaluate intravertebral instability and determine the factors affecting instability; and 3) evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty in the treatment of this phenomenon. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of the records of 67 @entity1 with IVVP among 652 consecutive cases of @entity3814 . Comparisons between the IVVP group and a control group, a stable group, and an unstable group were conducted. Percutaneous vertebroplasty was performed in all @entity1 . There were 67 @entity1 (10.3%) in whom there were 70 vacuum phenomena of the intravertebral space. Intravertebral vacuum phenomena occurred predominantly in the thoracolumbar junction (81%) and in @entity1 with a longer duration of symptoms (10.6 +/- 9.8 months) compared with the control group. Of 59 vertebrae for which flexion-extension radiographs were available, 26 vertebrae were categorized as stable and 33 as unstable. Twenty-one vertebrae (64%) had undergone compression @entity174 in the unstable group compared with nine (35%) compression @entity174 in the stable group. There were 28 (85%) @entity174 of the wedged vertebrae in the unstable group compared with 16 (61%) @entity174 in wedged vertebrae in the stable group. Percutaneous vertebroplasty was performed with successful clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Intravertebral vacuum phenomenon is more common than has been previously appreciated. The results of this study indicate that biomechanics, not @entity63 or avascular theory, may play an important role in pathogenesis of this phenomenon. Percutaneous vertebroplasty was found to be a minimally invasive and effective procedure for the treatment of IVVP.

title: Intravertebral vacuum phenomenon in XXXX : report of 67 cases with quantitative evaluation of intravertebral instability.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic compression fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity3814 :: (MESH:D050815,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic compression fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Catheter ablation is used extensively with curative intention in @entity955 . Radiofrequency ablation has long been a standard of care, while cryoballoon technology has emerged as a feasible approach with promising results. Prospective multicenter registry data referring to both ablation technologies in AF ablation therapy are lacking. METHODS: Between January 2007 and August 2011, a total of 3,775 consecutive @entity1 with symptomatic paroxysmal AF who underwent PV ablation in their respective centers were enrolled. The cohort was divided into 2 groups according to the ablation energy source used: cryoballoon ablation (group 1, n = 905 [24.0%], median age 63 years, 64.3% @entity1 ) and RF ablation (group 2, n = 2870 [76.0%], median age 63 years, 62.7% @entity1 ). Comorbidities and baseline clinical characteristics were similar in both groups. RESULTS: Acute success rate was similar in both groups (97.5% in cryo vs 97.6% in RF; P = 0.81). Procedure times were similar, ablation and fluoroscopy times were higher in cryoballoon when compared to RF ablation. Overall complication rate was similar in cryo- (4.6%) and @entity6470 (4.6%; P = 1.0). @entity129 was more often in cryo versus RF ablation (2.1% in cryo vs 0.0% in RF; P < 0.001). Other complications were more common in RF compared to cryoablation (4.6% in RF vs 2.7% in cryo; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: RF ablation is the most widespread ablation method in Germany, but use of cryoballoon increased significantly. Procedure times were similar, but ablation and fluoroscopy times were longer in cryoballoon ablation. No significant differences were found in terms of acute success and overall complication rate.

title: Cryoballoon versus RF ablation in paroxysmal XXXX : results from the German Ablation Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['Phrenic nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity6470 :: ('MESH:C538347', 'Disease') :: ['RF-ablation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: There are a number of similarities between @entity2054 ( @entity2054 ) and the effects of high force eccentric contractions in healthy controls. We hypothesised that @entity2054 @entity1 would be particularly susceptible to @entity158 after eccentric exercise. Ten @entity2054 @entity1 [aged 30.3 (8.0) years, mean (SD)], 7 males) and 14 healthy controls [aged 32.3 (9.0) years, 7 males] performed 40 maximal eccentric contractions of the anterior tibial muscles at an angular velocity of 90(o) s(-1). Maximal @entity2472 (MVC), force generated by electrical stimulation at 10 Hz and 50 Hz and muscle thickness (measured by real-time ultrasound scanning) were measured before exercise and for 10 min afterwards. Ratings of @entity158 and @entity925 were made before exercise, then 24 h and 48 h later. The two groups were comparable for initial isometric strength and muscle size. MVC force immediately after exercise fell to 90 (2.5)% [mean (SEM)] in @entity1 and 86.5 (2.4)% in controls (P<0.0005 for both groups) and had not recovered after 10 min. Preferential loss of force at the low stimulation frequency occurred in both groups to a similar extent (20%, P<0.0005) and continued to decline over 10 min of recovery. There was no significant change in muscle thickness in either group. Only mild @entity158 and @entity925 were reported by the controls. The @entity1 showed great individual variation but their mean @entity158 scores were significantly higher during dorsiflexion and palpation (P<0.05) 24 h after exercise. After 48 h the @entity1 reported more @entity158 during dorsiflexion (P=0.005), plantarflexion (P<0.05) and palpation (P<0.05). These results suggest that some, but not all, @entity2054 @entity1 may be more susceptible to the @entity158 associated with eccentric contractions that is thought to be the cause of @entity16 of connective tissue.

title: Effect of eccentric exercise on XXXX with @entity2054 .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['damage and inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['chronic exertional compartment syndrome', 'CECS']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain, fatigue and swelling', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary isometric contractions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Growing evidence supports a pathophysiological role for platelets during the manifestation of @entity5721 ; in the current study, we investigated the nature and the molecular determinants of platelet-endothelial cell interactions induced by @entity63 /reperfusion (I/R). Platelet-endothelium and leukocyte-endothelium interactions after 1 hour of @entity63 were monitored in vivo within @entity19 small intestine. By intravital fluorescence microscopy, we observed that platelets, like leukocytes, roll along or firmly adhere to postischemic microvascular endothelial cells. In contrast, few leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions were detected in sham-operated controls. Monoclonal antibodies against P-selectin significantly attenuated @entity1423 and adherence in response to I/R. To identify whether platelet or endothelial P-selectin plays the major role in mediating postischemic platelet-endothelial cell interactions, P-selectin-deficient or wild-type platelets were transfused into wild-type or P-selectin-deficient @entity19 , respectively. Whereas platelets lacking P-selectin rolled along or adhered to postischemic wild-type endothelium, interactions between wild-type platelets with mutant endothelium were nearly absent, indicating that I/R-induced platelet-endothelium interactions are dependent on the expression of P-selectin by endothelial cells. Concomitantly, P-selectin expression in the intestinal microvasculature was enhanced in response to I/R, whereas no upregulation of P-selectin was observed on circulating platelets. In summary, we provide first in vivo evidence that platelets accumulate in the postischemic microvasculature early after reperfusion via P-selectin-ligand interactions. Platelet recruitment and subsequent activation might play an important role in the pathogenesis of I/R injury.

title: Platelet-endothelial cell interactions during XXXX /reperfusion: the role of P-selectin.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet rolling']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['postischemic reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: Morphological alterations of peritoneum in chronically dialyzed @entity1 involve @entity82 and angiogenesis as pathogenic mechanisms. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate morphological changes of peritoneum in chronic @entity298 ( @entity298 ) at 4, 8, 12, and 14 years. Peritoneal changes were investigated in 110 @entity1 with end stage @entity177 , which were included in a @entity298 program. Intraoperative biopsies were grouped in four study Groups (A: 1-48 months, B: 49-96 months, C: 97-144 months, and D: 145-168 months), and were processed histologically and stereologically. Mesothelial denudation was found in percentage volumes of 5.49% - Group A, 16.10% - Group B, 16.68% - Group C and 19.88% - Group D. Reduplication of the basement membrane was observed in @entity1 with over five years of @entity298 . Interstitial stromal @entity82 recorded percentage volumes of 25.49% (Group A), 26.10% (Group B), 35.85% (Group C) and 56.63% for the @entity1 with 14 years of @entity298 . @entity455 was recorded in percentage volumes of 2.22%, 6.63%, 9.16% up to 9.20%. Vascular permeability reduction was recorded as decreasing percentage volumes from 22.59% to 12.81%, 7.77% and 7.37%. @entity32 was marked in the serosa of the @entity1 in Group A (4.55%). Calcifications recorded percentage volumes of 1.63% at eight years, 3.74% at 12 years and 4.03% at 14 years of @entity298 . Peritoneal morphological changes appear at 3-4 years of @entity298 and progressively aggravate with long-term @entity298 .

title: Morphological changes of the peritoneal membrane in XXXX with long-term dialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Perivascular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Subendothelial hyalinizing vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To evaluate the psychological effects of @entity7364 in voice professionals compared to non-voice professionals and in both genders. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis. METHODS: Forty-eight 48 voice professionals and 52 non-voice professionals with @entity7364 were included in this study. All @entity1 underwent a complete ear, nose, and throat examination and an evaluation for pathologies that might affect vocal quality. @entity1 were asked to complete the Turkish versions of the Voice Handicap Index-30 (VHI-30), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the @entity308 ( @entity308 ). @entity308 scores were evaluated as @entity308 -A ( @entity148 ) and @entity308 -D ( @entity308 ). Dysphonia status was evaluated by grade, roughness, breathiness, @entity1395 , and strain (GRBAS) scale perceptually. The results were compared statistically. RESULTS: Significant differences between the two groups were evident when the VHI-30 and PSS data were compared (P   =   .00001 and P   =   .00001, respectively). However, neither @entity308 score ( @entity308 -A and @entity308 -D) differed between groups. An analysis of the scores in terms of sex revealed that females had significantly higher PSS scores (P   =   .006). The GRBAS scale revealed no difference between groups (P   =   .819, .931, .803, .655, and .803, respectively). No between-sex differences in the VHI-30 or @entity308 scores were evident CONCLUSIONS: We found that voice professionals and females experienced more stress and were more dissatisfied with their voices. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

title: Psychological effects of XXXX in voice professionals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['HADS', 'Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['dysphonia']

answer: @entity7364 :: (MESH:D055154,Disease) :: ['dysphonia']


abstract: Assessment of the curve flexibility is a crucial step in a surgeon's pre-operative planning for @entity1635 surgery. Many techniques have been described. These include traction films, supine side bending films, push prone techniques, traction under general anaesthesia as well as fulcrum bending film. In this study, we studied the pre- and immediate post-operative radiographs of twenty eight @entity1615 ( @entity1615 ) @entity1 who were corrected using pedicle screw systems between January 2004 and August 2006. There were twenty two females and six male @entity1 . The mean age of the @entity1 were 17.5 years with a range of 12 to 38 years. Skeletal maturity of the @entity1 was assessed by Risser's score. The majority was Risser 4 (15 cases, 53.6%). Based on King and Moe's classification, the most common curve was type 3 curve (15 cases, 53.6%). Among the twenty eight @entity1 , twenty three @entity1 underwent only posterior correction, while 5 @entity1 underwent additional anterior release surgery. The mean pre-operative Cobb's angle for the posterior surgery group was 65.5 +/- 13.9 degrees and the mean post-operative Cobb's angle was 32.9 +/- 12.6 degrees. There was no difference between the mean correction estimated by fulcrum bending films (Fulcrum Flexibility) and the post- operative Correction Rate figures (44.2% vs. 49.9%). The mean Fulcrum Bending Correction Index (FBCI) in this group of @entity1 is 112.8%. In the group of @entity1 who underwent additional anterior release, their curves were noted to be larger and less flexible with the mean pre-operative Cobb's angle and Fulcrum Flexibility of 90.4 degrees +/- 9.3 degrees and 23.4% respectively. The Fulcrum Bending Correction Index (FBCI) for this group of @entity1 was significantly higher than the posterior surgery group: i.e. 164.0% vs 112.8%. Thus, anterior release does help to improve the correction significantly. The fulcrum bending films give good pre-operative estimation of the amount of correction to be expected post-operatively. The fulcrum bending films can help to identify the curve types which might require anterior release in order to improve the @entity1635 correction. Using the Fulcrum Bending Correction Index (FBCI) will also enable surgeons to quantify more accurately the amount of correction achieved by taking into account the inherent flexibility of the spine.

title: The assessment of immediate post-operative XXXX correction using pedicle screw system by utilising the fulcrum bending technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry makes possible the simultaneous measurement of @entity1063 (NE), @entity1425 (E) and @entity935 (DA) at the picogram level. The equipment used was the Shimadzu LKB 9000 GC- @entity15 (MID-MD. The @entity13799 derivatives of the compounds were analysed by the GC- @entity15 system equipped with a 3ft X 3mm column packed with 1.5%OV-1 and the temperature was programed from 135 degrees to 260 degrees C at 10 degrees C/min increments. The mass spectrum showed molecular ions at m/e 552, 566 and 440 which corresponds to the @entity13799 derivatives of NE, E and DA respectively. The base peaks of NE, E and DA were m/e 109, 140 and 328 respectively. The peaks at m/e 126 (NE and DA) and 140 (E) were applied to avail themselves of simultaneous multiple-ion analyses by mass fragmentography. As little as 4pg of the compounds injected into the column could be measured with good reproducibility, and the linearity of the response was maintained up to 120 pg. The sensitivity was of the order of ng or pg which enable quantitation with 1ml of human serum and urine sample. The procedures were simpler and less time consuming than previously reported methods. Recovery rates of NE, E and DA from serum were 25.7%, 13.7% and 76.1%, whereas those from urine were 100%, 89.6% and 100% respectively. The specificity of this method surpasses and cannot be compared to any other existing quantitative methods.

title: [An improved method for the simultaneous analysis of XXXX , @entity1425 and @entity935 at the picogram level by mass fragmentography (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The addition of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to screening mammography for @entity1 with @entity5345 mutations significantly increases sensitivity, but there is little data on clinical outcomes. We report screening performance, @entity5 stage, distant recurrence rate, and @entity0 -specific mortality in our screening study. METHODS: From 1997 to 2009, 496 @entity1 aged 25 to 65 years with a known @entity6069 mutation, of whom 380 had no previous @entity5 history, were enrolled in a prospective screening trial that included annual MRI and mammography. RESULTS: In 1847 screening rounds, 57 @entity5 were identified (53 screen-detected, 1 interval, and 3 incidental at prophylactic mastectomy), of which 37 (65%) were invasive. Sensitivity of MRI vs mammography was 86% vs 19% over the entire study period (P<0.0001), but was 74% vs 35% from 1997 to 2002 (P=0.02) and 94% vs 9% from 2003 to 2009 (P<0.0001), respectively. The relative sensitivities of MRI and mammography did not differ by mutation, age, or invasive vs non-invasive disease. Of the incident @entity5 , 97% were Stage 0 or 1. Of 28 previously unaffected @entity1 diagnosed with @entity3 , 1 @entity5345 mutation carrier died following relapse of a 3 cm, @entity0 diagnosed on her first screen at age 48 (annual @entity0 mortality rate=0.5%). Three @entity1 died of other causes. None of the 24 survivors has had a distant recurrence at a median follow-up of 8.4 years since diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Magnetic resonance imaging surveillance of @entity1 with @entity6069 mutations will detect the majority of @entity0 at a very early stage. The absence of distant recurrences of incident @entity5 to date is encouraging. However, longer follow-up is needed to confirm the safety of breast surveillance.

title: Long-term results of screening with magnetic resonance imaging in @entity1 with XXXX mutations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'node-positive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA']


abstract: @entity6942 ( @entity281 caused by @entity6943 ) requires a prolonged course of oral antibiotics following initial intravenous therapy to reduce the risk of relapse after cessation of treatment. The current recommendation is a four-drug regimen ( @entity206 [ @entity1597 ], @entity207 [ @entity1598 ], @entity3403 , and @entity2755 ) and a total treatment time of 12 to 20 weeks. @entity137 are common; the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerance of the four-drug regimen with a three-drug regimen ( @entity1597 - @entity1598 and @entity3403 ). An open-label, randomized trial was conducted in northeast Thailand. A total of 180 adult Thai @entity1 were enrolled, of which 91 were allocated to the four-drug regimen and 89 to the three-drug regimen. The trial was terminated early due to poor drug tolerance, particularly of the four-drug regimen. The culture-confirmed relapse rates at 1 year were 6.6% and 5.6% for the four- and three-drug regimens, respectively (P = 0.79). The three-drug regimen was better tolerated than the four-drug regimen; 36% of @entity1 receiving four drugs and 19% of @entity1 receiving three drugs required a switch in therapy due to side effects (P = 0.01). The duration of oral therapy was significantly associated with relapse; after adjustment for confounders, @entity1 receiving less than 12 weeks of oral therapy had a 5.7-fold increase of relapse or @entity204 . A combination of @entity1597 - @entity1598 and @entity3403 is as effective as and better tolerated than the conventional four-drug regimen for the oral treatment phase of @entity6942 .

title: Open-label randomized trial of oral @entity206 - @entity207 , @entity3403 , and @entity2755 compared with @entity206 - @entity207 and @entity3403 for maintenance therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Drug side effects']

entities_list: @entity6943 :: ('28450', 'Species') :: ['Burkholderia pseudomallei']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6942 :: ('MESH:D008554', 'Disease') :: ['Melioidosis', 'melioidosis']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity6942 :: (MESH:D008554,Disease) :: ['melioidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: At least two rounds of the Global Youth @entity286 Survey (GYTS) have been completed in most of the countries in the World Health Organization South-East Asia region. Comparing findings from these two rounds provides trend data on smokeless @entity286 (SLT) use for the first time. METHODS: This study uses GYTS data from Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, @entity3595 Lanka, Thailand, and Timor-Leste during 2006-2013. GYTS is a nationally representative survey of 13-15-year-old students using a consistent and standard protocol. Current SLT use is defined as using any kind of SLT products, such as chewing betel quid or nonbetel quid or snuffing any other products orally or through the nasal route, during the 30 days preceding the survey. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were computed using SAS/SUDAAN software. RESULTS: According to most recent GYTS data available in each country, the prevalence of current use of SLT among youth varied from 5.7% in Thailand to 23.2% in Bhutan; among @entity1 , from 7.1% in Bangladesh to 27.2% in Bhutan; and among @entity1 , from 3.7% in Bangladesh to 19.8% in Bhutan. Prevalence of SLT was reported significantly higher among @entity1 than @entity1 in Bhutan ( @entity1 27.2%; @entity1 19.8%), India ( @entity1 11.1%; @entity1 6.0%), Maldives ( @entity1 9.2%; @entity1 2.9%), Myanmar ( @entity1 15.2%; @entity1 4.0%), and @entity3595 Lanka ( @entity1 13.0%; @entity1 4.1%). Prevalence of current SLT use increased in Bhutan from 9.4% in 2009 to 23.2% in 2013, and in Nepal from 6.1% in 2007 to 16.2% in 2011. CONCLUSION: The findings call for countries to implement corrective measures through strengthened policy and enforcement.

title: Levels and trends of smokeless XXXX use among youth in countries of the World Health Organization South-East Asia Region.

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: @entity3589 has received increased attention as a potential model legume plant. In order to study gene expression in reproductive organs and to identify genes that play a crucial function in sexual reproduction, we constructed a cDNA library from immature flower buds containing anthers at the stage of developing tapetum cells in @entity6953 , and characterized 919 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) randomly selected from a cDNA library of the immature flower buds. The 919 ESTs analyzed were clustered into 821 non-redundant EST groups. As a result of a database search, 436 groups (53%) out of the 821 groups showed sequence similarity to genes registered in the public database. Out of these 436 groups, 109 groups showed similarity to genes encoding hypothetical proteins whose function had not yet been estimated. Three hundred eighty five groups (47%) showed no significant homology to known sequences and were classified as novel sequences. A comparison of 821 non-redundant EST sequences and EST sequences derived from the whole plant @entity6953 revealed that 474 EST sequences derived from immature flower buds were not found in the EST sequences of the whole plant. In order to confirm the expression pattern of potential reproductive-organ specific EST clones, nine clones, which were not matched to ESTs derived from the whole plant, were selected, and RT-PCR analysis was performed on these clones. As a result of RT-PCR, we found two novel anther specific clones. One clone was homologous to a gene encoding @entity1 @entity3384 associated transmembrane protein ( @entity51018 ) like protein, and the other clone did not show a significant similarity to any genes deposited in the public database. These results indicate that ESTs analyzed here represent a valuable resource for finding reproductive-organ specific genes in @entity3589 .

title: Generation of 919 expressed sequence tags from immature flower buds and gene expression analysis using expressed sequence tags in the model plant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3589 :: ('34305', 'Species') :: ['Lotus japonicus']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['cleft lip and palate']

answer: @entity3589 :: (34305,Species) :: ['Lotus japonicus']


abstract: To determine if LH and FSH respond to @entity701 exposure the same way in females as they do in males, metestrous females were implanted with @entity165 or @entity701 (F) subcutaneously, and either ovariectomized or left intact 4 days later. Tail vein injections of 1000 ng of @entity1176 in saline, or saline alone, were given 4.5, 23.5, or 47.5 h after the time of ovariectomy. Animals were killed 30 min after the injections at 5, 24, and 48 h after surgery. F attenuated the postovariectomy increase in serum LH at 48 h. F also suppressed @entity1176 -stimulated LH release 24 and 48 h after surgery in ovariectomized animals and in intact animals at 48 h. Pituitary content of LH was increased moderately by F at 5 h. These effects of F are similar to those seen in males. In contrast to LH, F increased serum FSH in intact females and suppressed levels in ovariectomized animals at 24 and 48 h, while inducing a remarkable increase in pituitary FSH content at all three times. These divergent effects of F on serum FSH (suppression in gonadectomized and stimulation in intact groups) were not seen in males, and the increase in pituitary FSH as a result of exposure to F was much more profound and reliable in females than in males. To determine if the F-induced increase in pituitary FSH was dependent on endogenous secretion of @entity1176 , intact metestrous females were implanted with either @entity165 or F pellets. Each implant group received sc injections of 100 micrograms @entity1176 antagonist or control injections every 48 h beginning at the time of @entity134 implantation. Animals were killed 5 days after implantation. The antagonist suppressed both serum and pituitary LH. F also suppressed serum LH levels, but had no effect on pituitary content of LH. Neither the antagonist nor F affected serum FSH. F greatly increased pituitary content of FSH in the presence or absence of @entity1176 antagonist. These data suggest that 1) LH responds to F treatment in a similar way in females and males; 2) pituitary FSH content is more sensitive to the enhancing effect of F in females than in males; 3) the ability of F to increase pituitary FSH in females is not dependent on @entity1176 .

title: XXXX regulates secretion and pituitary content of the two gonadotropins differentially in female rats: effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist.

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['Cortisol']


abstract: It is a recognized fact that glandular structures sometimes occur in @entity1263 ( @entity1263 ). Reports indicate that epithelial potential could be expressed in malignant @entity1263 , while the glands in most benign @entity1263 could be trapped skin adnexa. We present a case of @entity5 with glandular structures. The @entity1 was a 55-year-old @entity1 who had a subcutaneous @entity5 excised. The @entity5 had histological characteristics of @entity3292 . The glandular structures had a pattern of immunohistochemical staining that was similar to that of the secretory coils and excretory ducts of normal eccrine glands. Therefore, the glands were thought to be naturally existing eccrine glands. The glands were completely enclosed within the @entity5 and not connected to one another; a cluster formation was not observed. The upper portion of @entity5 included some glands of skin adnexa. The @entity5 may have originated from the nerves distributed around the skin adnexa, and grown to the subcutaneous tissue. The glands may have been left behind rather than have been trapped in the @entity5 .

title: Non-neoplastic glandular structures in a benign XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'spindle cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibroma']

entities_list: @entity1263 :: ('MESH:D010524', 'Disease') :: ['PNST', 'peripheral nerve sheath tumors']

answer: @entity1263 :: (MESH:D010524,Disease) :: ['peripheral nerve sheath tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of smoking on airway inflammation through the expressions of @entity519 -inducible factor-1a ( @entity1965 ) and @entity30653 ( @entity30653 ) in @entity748 @entity19 . METHODS: @entity565 total of 30 female SPF BALB/c @entity19 were divided randomly into 3 groups of control (C), @entity565 ( @entity565 ) and smoking @entity565 (S). The latter two groups were sensitized and challenged with @entity10328 (OVA) for @entity748 modeling. The @entity19 of group S were placed into a self-made fumigating box for passive smoking. While group S was sensitized and challenged with normal saline instead of OVA. The pathological changes of different groups were observed. The different cell counts of @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) were analyzed. The expressions of @entity1965 and @entity30653 were detected by immunohistochemistry. The level of @entity3806 in @entity5173 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). And the levels of @entity1965 and @entity30653 in lung homogenate were measured by Western blot. RESULTS: The ratios of eosinophil (EOS) to total cell numbers of @entity5173 in groups @entity565 and S were significantly higher than that in group C ((8.90    1.60)%, (7.52    0.63)% vs (0.60    0.10)%, both P < 0.01), while the ratio of neutrophile (NEU) in group S was higher than that in group @entity565 ((18.24    5.19)% vs (8.46    1.58)%, P < 0.01). Western blot showed that @entity1965 expressions in lung homogenate of groups @entity565 and S were significantly elevated than that in groups C (0.144    0.008, 0.238    0.015 vs 0.081    0.005, both P < 0.01). While the @entity1965 level of group S was higher than that of group @entity565 (P < 0.01). And the expressions of @entity30653 in groups @entity565 and S significantly decreased than that in group C (0.287    0.008, 0.164    0.015 vs 0.452    0.041, both P < 0.01). While the @entity30653 level of group S was lower than that of group @entity565 (P < 0.01). The @entity5173 level of @entity3806 in group S was higher than those in groups @entity565 and C ((42.07    4.54) vs (21.66    2.78), (14.33    3.73) pg/ml, both P < 0.01). There were significantly negative correlations between the expressions of @entity1965 and @entity30653 (r = -0.950, P < 0.01) in lung as well as @entity30653 in lung and @entity3806 (r = -0.855, P < 0.01) in @entity5173 . CONCLUSION: Cigarette smoking aggravates the airway inflammation through a down-regulated expression of @entity30653 by activating @entity1965 .

title: [Effects of smoking on expressions of @entity1965 and @entity30653 in XXXX @entity19 ].

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['bronchoalveolar fluid', 'BALF']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: The utility of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in determining the causative agent of @entity358 in @entity1 with @entity3052 is not known. We retrospectively evaluated the diagnostic yield of BAL in 22 adults with @entity3052 and compared the results with those at autopsy performed within three weeks of BAL. All @entity1 had @entity1398 and @entity882 at the time of BAL, were receiving broad-spectrum antibacterial agents, and 15 were also receiving @entity2379 before BAL. The median interval between the detection of @entity358 and BAL was seven days (range, 0 to 23 days); the median interval between BAL and autopsy was nine days (range, 1 to 20 days). The diagnostic yield of BAL was 15 percent (3 of 20 specific diseases); all three were @entity55 . The sensitivity of BAL was 75 percent and its specificity 100 percent, for @entity55 . BAL did not result in a specific diagnosis for the 17 remaining diseases, nine of which were @entity55 . In seven @entity1 in whom autopsy was performed within 72 hours of BAL, lavage results correlated with those of autopsy in only one who had @entity55 . All BAL cultures were falsely positive, except in four cases of @entity55 . The therapeutic regimen was not modified according to the BAL results in any of the 22 @entity1 . There were no major complications associated with the procedure.

title: Bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of @entity358 in XXXX with @entity3052 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Candida pneumonia', 'Aspergillus pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infiltrates']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity5 are very rare. They have typical clinical and biochemical characteristics that allow an early detection and distinction from other sorts of @entity14380 . As a result a curative resection can occasionally be managed. Nevertheless, for more advanced stages the same treatment options as for other metastatic @entity5 must be considered: palliative surgery, medical treatment, chemotherapy and hepatic arterial (chemo-) embolisation. Especially the last kind of treatment has recently gained interest. We report two cases of @entity3 treated in this way. In the first case we are able to record an unusually long survival through the single use of sequential embolisation, following palliative resection of the primary @entity5 . In the second case we describe the current way to use this technique, i.e. in combination with chemotherapy. We argue that it might be more important in the treatment of metastatic @entity99 with other types of local or systemic therapy, rather than the choice of this most efficient technique on its own.

title: @entity99 in the treatment for XXXX . Report of two cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant insulinomas', 'neuroendocrine tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity14380 :: ('MESH:D018273', 'Disease') :: ['islet cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['insulinoma to combine hepatic arterial embolisation']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic insulinoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastatic insulinoma']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the role of @entity1954 supplement in protecting gut barrier in septic @entity35 . METHODS: Twenty-two @entity35 were randomized into three groups: sham group (n=6), @entity295 group (n=8), and @entity295 plus @entity1954 (T(3)) group (n=8). Septic @entity35 model was established through cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). After 5 h, sham and @entity295 groups received saline, and the remaining group received T(3) intraperitoneally. Twenty-one hrs After CLP, intestinal permeability and serum free T(3) and T(4) were measured with fluorescence spectrophotometer and by radioimmunoassay, respectively. Intestinal ultrastructure and histologic morphology were observed under @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ) and light microscopy, respectively. RESULTS: After 21 h, septic symptoms and signs in @entity295 (3) group were milder than those in @entity295 group. Serum FT(3) or FT(4) concentration in @entity295 group was lower than that in sham group (1.59+/-0.20, 3.41+/-2.14 pmol/L vs 3.44+/-1.40, 9.53+/-3.39 pmol/L, P<0.05), and FT(3) concentration in @entity295 (3) group (3.40+/-1.65 pmol/L, P<0.05) was corrected. Portal concentration of @entity2822 -dextran ( @entity2823 -D) in @entity295 group (2.51+/-0.56 mg/L) was higher than that in sham group (1.22+/-0.21 mg/L) (P<0.01), and in @entity295 (3) group (1.68+/-0.38 mg/L) it was decreased significantly(P<0.01). @entity1579 and light microscopy showed that T(3) supplement preserved well ultrastructure and morphology of intestinal mucosa in septic @entity35 . CONCLUSION: @entity1954 supplement protects gut barrier in septic @entity35 .

title: XXXX supplement protects gut barrier in septic @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis plus T', 'sepsis']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['transmission electron microscopy', 'TEM']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['Tri-iodothyronine', 'tri-iodothyronine']

answer: @entity1954 :: (MESH:D014284,Chemical) :: ['Tri-iodothyronine']


abstract: @entity4260 ( @entity4260 , @entity7173 ), a drug used in the treatment of @entity170 , may promote @entity79 . @entity7173 has been shown to accelerate both the activity of, and formation of mineralized nodules by a @entity1 @entity421 cell line at an early stage. However, the direct effects of @entity7173 on @entity79 have not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine whether @entity7173 induces @entity79 within a @entity702 cap in @entity95 calvaria at an early stage. Five adult male @entity95 were used. One cap (test site) was packed with @entity7173 in a collagen gel, and the other (control site) was packed with the collagen gel alone. After the one- and three-month healing periods, we measured the newly generated tissue and bone within the @entity702 caps. The amount of newly generated tissue within the @entity702 caps of the control sites was higher than the tests sites after one month and three months. However, the percentage of newly generated bone/bone marrow in the newly generated tissue at the test sites was higher than for the control sites after one month and three months. These results suggest that @entity7173 affects the quality of @entity79 at an early stage.

title: Effects of @entity4260 on @entity79 within a @entity702 cap in XXXX calvaria.

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'Japanese white rabbits']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone augmentation', 'bone formation during bone remodeling']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity4260 :: ('MESH:C018986', 'Chemical') :: ['Ipriflavone', '7-isopropoxyisoflavone']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: An effective treatment for unresectable multiple lung metastases of @entity157 have never been established. METHODOLOGY: Six @entity1 received the chemotherapy described herein as an initial treatment for lung metastases of @entity157 . Low-dose @entity900 infusion plus oral tegafur and @entity5537 administration combination therapy essentially consisted of @entity900 (10 mg/day over 1 hour) infused on days 1-5 every week and oral tegafur and @entity5537 (300 mg/day) administrated every day. This treatment was repeated weekly for essentially 4 consecutive weeks. RESULTS: Complete response was observed in no cases and partial response in 3 cases, while no change was observed in 4 cases and @entity74 in one case. An overall response rate was 50%. The serum @entity160 and des-Y-carboxyprothrombin were reduced in most of the @entity1 . @entity1431 of grade 2 was observed in only 1 (17%) @entity1 . @entity882 of grade 2 was observed in 2 (33%) @entity1 . @entity390 (up to Grade 2) was occurring in 4 (67%) @entity1 . Three @entity1 with no other distant @entity3 survive more than two years after lung @entity3 , and the quality of life of these @entity1 are well preserved. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose @entity900 infusion combined with oral tegafur and @entity5537 administration for the treatment of lung metastases of @entity157 may be an effective regimen with a high response rate and acceptable @entity137 , although a larger study will be necessary to confirm the efficacy.

title: Low-dose XXXX plus oral tegafur and @entity5537 for the treatment of lung metastases of @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['Leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The melanocortin system is a key regulator in the hypothalamus of energy intake and expenditure. It is frequently linked with @entity28 and apparently modulates sympathetic outflow to white adipose tissues. The role of the melanocortins within adipose tissues, however, is not entirely clear. This study was aimed at determining the quantitative expression of the five melanocortin receptors ( @entity22025 to @entity30864 ) in subcutaneous and omental fat of @entity28 @entity1 and non- @entity28 subjects. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Expression of @entity22025 to @entity30864 , proopiomelanocortin, agouti signaling protein, leptin, leptin receptor, and uncoupling protein-1 was investigated in @entity1 fat samples by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. @entity22025 expression was also studied in preadipocytes, adipocytes, and monocytic THP-1 cells and by immunohistochemical localization in adipose tissues. RESULTS: Notable expression was found for @entity22025 , whereas no mRNA for @entity4787 and @entity13684 was detected; @entity1628 and @entity30864 mRNA was occasionally detectable but at very low levels. @entity22025 mRNA in subcutaneous fat was increased in @entity28 @entity1 as compared with controls; omental fat of both groups had slightly higher @entity22025 expression than subcutaneous fat and did not differ between @entity1 groups. Immunohistochemical analysis of the @entity22025 in adipose tissue sections showed that @entity22025 expression was higher in macrophages but also present in adipocytes. DISCUSSION: The expression of @entity22025 and the lack of @entity4787 in @entity1 adipose tissues indicate that the melanocortins may regulate cell proliferation and/or inflammatory signals rather than lipolysis. Also, the increased expression of @entity22025 in subcutaneous fat of @entity28 subjects may reflect one aspect of the pathophysiology of @entity28 .

title: Expression and localization of melanocortin-1 receptor in XXXX adipose tissues of severely @entity28 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Aim: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data on the prevalence and risk of @entity5 of prostatic incidental uptake (PIU) detected by @entity419 ( @entity419 ) positron emission tomography (PET) or PET/computed tomography (PET/CT). @entity1 , material, methods: A comprehensive literature search of studies published up to February 2014 was performed. Pooled prevalence and @entity5 risk of PIU were calculated on a per @entity1 -based analysis including 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Furthermore, we assessed some parameters as potential predictors of malignant PIU. Results: Six studies including 47925 @entity1 who underwent @entity419 PET/CT were selected. Pooled prevalence of PIU was 1.8% (95%CI: 1.3-2.3%). Overall, 444 @entity1 with PIU were further evaluated and 121 underwent biopsy. The pooled risk of @entity5 in @entity1 with PIU further evaluated or verified by biopsy were 17% (95%CI: 12-23%) and 62% (95%CI: 54-71%), respectively. A higher mean age was observed in the group of malignant PIUs compared to benign PIUs. There was a trend towards a higher mean SUVmax in the group of malignant PIUs but without a statistically significant difference compared to benign PIUs. Peripheric site of PIU but not presence or absence of @entity730 was a predictor of @entity5 . Conclusions: PIU is observed in about 1.8% of @entity419 PET/CT scans performed in male @entity1 carrying a significant risk of @entity5 . Therefore, whenever a PIU is detected further investigation is warranted to exclude @entity5 , in particular when PIU is located in the peripheric site of prostate gland.

title: Incidental uptake of @entity419 in the prostate gland. Systematic review and meta-analysis on prevalence and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose', '18F-FDG']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: PURPOSE: The urinary bladder stores urine at low intravesical pressure and empties the urine efficiently and completely. Bladder compliance is the property that allows the bladder to fill to near capacity without a large increase in intravesical pressure. The current study utilized an in vitro whole bladder model to determine the effects of @entity519 , alterations in extracellular @entity460 concentration, @entity5402 and @entity3897 on bladder capacity and compliance. METHODS: Mature male New Zealand White @entity95 were used in this study. The urinary bladder was excised from the @entity95 together with a short segment of proximal urethra and mounted in a 400 ml. isolated bath containing Tyrode's buffer. Bladder filling was started by opening the bladder to a saline reservoir placed 80 cm. above the bladder. Intravesical pressure, rate of pressure increase, rate of volume increase, and maximal volume were digitally recorded. The @entity1494 was repeated while the whole bladder was subjected to @entity519 , high @entity460 concentration, the presence of @entity4527 , @entity5402 , @entity3897 and @entity1022 respectively. RESULTS: Results are summarized as follows: 1) Bladder filling was biphasic. There was an initial rapid rise in intravesical pressure followed by a slower rise. The final bladder volume averaged 46 ml. 2) @entity519 significantly decreased the initial rate of the rise in intravesical pressure, increased the rate of @entity1494 , and increased bladder volume by 43%. 3) Incubation of the bladder in the presence of @entity4527 also significantly decreased the initial rate of intravesical pressure rise, increased the rate of filling and increased bladder volume by 39%. 4) High concentrations of @entity460 increased the initial rate of rise in intravesical pressure. 5) @entity5402 significantly increased the rate of intravesical pressure rise, decreased the rate of @entity1494 , and decreased bladder volume. 6) @entity3897 and @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ) had no effects on @entity1494 . CONCLUSION: In summary, alterations in muscle tone had significant effects on bladder capacity and compliance.

title: Effects of @entity519 , @entity460 , XXXX , @entity3897 and @entity1022 on the filling of the in-vitro @entity95 whole bladder.

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder filling']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol', 'Carbachol']

answer: @entity5402 :: (MESH:D002217,Chemical) :: ['carbachol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anti-TNF therapy has been shown to reduce @entity16 in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) independent of clinical response. This has previously not been examined for periarticular @entity604 , the other characteristic feature of bone involvement in @entity309 .The objective of this study was to examine if treatment with the @entity310 inhibitor adalimumab also could reduce periarticular @entity604 in @entity309 @entity1 independent of disease activity. METHODS: @entity309 @entity1 were recruited from the PREMIER study and included 214 @entity1 treated with @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) plus adalimumab and 188 @entity1 treated with @entity1500 monotherapy. Periarticular @entity604 was assessed by digital X-ray radiogrammetry metacarpal cortical index (DXR-MCI). Change in DXR-MCI was evaluated in @entity1 with different levels of clinical response, as assessed by changes in DAS28 score at 52 weeks and in mean @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) levels during follow-up. RESULTS: In the @entity1500 group, there was a greater median DXR-MCI loss among @entity1 with moderate and high disease activity compared to those in remission or with low disease activity (-3.3% vs. -2.2%, p = 0.01). In contrast, periarticular @entity604 was independent of disease activity (-1.9% vs. -2.4%, p = 0.99) in the combination group. In the @entity1500 group @entity1 with a mean @entity1851 of >=  10 mg/l lost significantly more DXR-MCI than @entity1 with low @entity1851 (-3.1% vs. -1.9%, p <0.01) whereas in the combination group no significant differences between the two @entity1851 groups was seen (-2.4% vs. -2.0%, p = 0.48). CONCLUSION: Adalimumab in combination with @entity1500 reduces periarticular @entity604 independently of clinical response. These results support the hypothesis that @entity310 stimulates the osteoclast not only by the inflammatory pathway but do also have a direct effect on the osteoclast. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials (NCT): NCT001195663.

title: Adalimumab reduces hand XXXX in @entity309 independent of clinical response: subanalysis of the PREMIER study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['radiographic joint damage']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The surgical treatment of radiation-induced @entity543 is challenging and presents a high rate of complications. This has led several investigators to propose stent-assisted angioplasty as the treatment of choice for this condition. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential risks of intra-procedural @entity64 in this setting using cerebral protection devices. METHODS: We describe our recent experience in the endovascular treatment by means of stent-assisted angioplasty with the aid of a filter cerebral protection device of eight @entity1 presenting with radiation-induced @entity543 . RESULTS: Procedural success, defined as residual @entity850 of less than 30% was obtained in all cases. The mean percentage @entity850 was reduced from mean 80+/-6.3% (range 70-90%) to 13+/-4% (range 10-20%). Predilation was performed in five cases, post-dilation in all the cases. Mild-to-moderate @entity1168 while inflating the balloon was present in three cases and was severe in one case. No @entity1 sustained @entity583 , @entity64 or @entity4905 during the procedure or hospital stay. During a mean clinical follow-up of 16+/-7.3 months (range 5-25) there were no neurological events. On sonographic follow-up, no @entity1 presented in-stent de novo @entity850 . DISCUSSION: Carotid angioplasty with cerebral protection can be performed safely in radiation-induced @entity543 with a high technical success rate. With the recent innovations and improvements in angioplasty technique, its indications and results will have to be redefined. Given the complexity and complications of surgical approaches for this condition, and the encouraging results obtained with endovascular techniques, carotid angioplasty emerges as the preferred treatment option.

title: Protected stent-assisted angioplasty in radiation-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['embolic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stenosis']


abstract: In @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity453 , the potential negative role of @entity4136 drugs is under intensive investigation. We assessed the effects of treatment with @entity5217 or @entity2690 on the extension of left ventricular @entity296 induced by @entity63 . Nineteen consecutive @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity453 entered the study. Each @entity1 was randomly assigned to either @entity2690 or @entity5217 therapy. Treatment was crossed over after 12 weeks and maintained for another 12 weeks. At the end of each treatment, left @entity296 at rest and during @entity4341 infusion was studied by two-dimensional echocardiography under the same conditions of metabolic control. @entity5217 or @entity2690 treatment did not influence the rest values of left ventricular dimensions, @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ), or wall motion score index (WMSI). @entity4341 infusion, in @entity1 receiving @entity5217 treatment, decreased @entity1002 (43 +/- 7 vs. 37 +/- 12%, P < 0.005) and increased WMSI (1.4 +/- 0.28 vs. 1.98 +/- 0.24, P < 0.001) compared with baseline values; during @entity2690 treatment, @entity1002 (46 +/- 8 vs. 45 +/- 11%, NS) and WMSI (1.4 +/- 0.29 vs. 1.6 +/- 0.4, NS) did not change significantly. Peak stress @entity1002 was higher (45 +/- 11 vs. 37 +/- 12%, P < 0.001) and WMSI lower (1.6 +/- 0.4 vs. 1.98 +/- 0.24, P < 0.001) in @entity1 receiving @entity2690 . The results indicate that in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity453 , @entity741 induced by @entity4341 infusion is less severe during treatment with @entity2690 than with @entity5217 . Restitution of a preconditioning mechanism in @entity2690 -treated @entity1 may be the potential beneficial mechanism.

title: Effects of treatment with @entity4136 drugs or @entity2690 on @entity63 -induced @entity296 in @entity164 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular myocardial function', 'myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4136 :: ('CHEBI:26831', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['Glibenclamide', 'glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole', 'Dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The current study used 3 types of carrageenan (denoted here as Car)-k,   , and   -to prepare a jelly vehicle for @entity1443 ( @entity43046 ), and then compared their usefulness as jelly vehicles. The rheological characteristics of each preparation were assessed and then drug elution from the preparation was assessed using dissolution testing. The behavior of each preparation when immersed in water was also examined using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in order to better understand the drug elution behaviour of each preparation. Viscoelasticity measurements revealed that 0.75   w/v%-  -Car and 1.25   w/v%-  -Car had viscoelasticity values equivalent to that of 0.5   w/v%-k-Car. Dissolution testing of these 3 preparations indicated that 100% drug elution took 45   min with 0.5   w/v%-k-Car while it took only 5   min with 0.75   w/v%-  -Car and 1.25   w/v%-  -Car. When @entity20962 was added to k-Car 0.5%, the MRI images darkened overall starting immediately after addition. The images revealed that the sample and @entity20962 quickly mixed. In contrast, images revealed that @entity20962 gradually penetrated k-Car 1.0%. MRI images had uniform contrast, and @entity20962 took 6   h or longer to penetrate the samples overall. These findings suggest that water is less apt to penetrate a jelly with an increased car concentration and a denser 3-dimensional network structure. Differences in the structure of car are said to result in better gelling, with k having the best gelling characteristics, followed by    and then   . Thus, this paper discusses the role that vehicle gelling strength plays in the elution of @entity1443 .

title: Examination of Gelling Agents to Produce XXXX Jelly.

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity20962 :: ('MESH:D017666', 'Chemical') :: ['deuterium oxide']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['Acetaminophen']