abstract: This randomised double-blinded study compared the cardiovascular stability and rate of recovery when @entity1875 infusions with or without @entity680 were used to provide anaesthesia for rigid oesophagoscopy and (or) bronchoscopy. Forty-six @entity1 were allocated randomly to receive either @entity680 10 micrograms/kg or saline just before a rapid sequence induction with @entity1875 . @entity2900 1 mg/kg was given and infusions of @entity2900 10 mg/minute and @entity1875 (10 mg/kg/hour for 10 minutes, 8 mg/kg/hour for 10 minutes and then 6 mg/kg/hour thereafter) were started. There were 23 @entity1 in each group with no significant demographic differences between the groups. A significantly mean lower induction dose of @entity1875 was needed in the @entity680 group (1.7 mg/kg compared to 2.2 mg/kg). Cardiovascular measurements were made on the ward pre-operatively, just before induction, just after induction, just after intubation, and at 3-minute intervals thereafter. Arterial pressure was significantly lower during the procedure in the @entity1 who received @entity680 and there was a significant incidence of @entity551 . There was no significant difference between the groups in respect of heart rate, with a significant increase in both groups just after intubation compared to the baseline values. Recovery from anaesthesia was assessed using the critical flicker fusion threshold. No differences were found between the groups and @entity1 in both groups had returned to baseline values by 60 minutes. No @entity1 had any recall of intra-operative events, and there were no other adverse effects of any significance.

title: @entity680 used to supplement XXXX infusions for oesophagoscopy and bronchoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['Suxamethonium', 'suxamethonium']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: Most @entity1 with @entity43 currently are treated primarily with surgery and chemotherapy. Drug selection usually is not based on individualized in vitro sensitivity studies but on reported response rates of clinical trials. Attempts to include in vitro chemosensitivity testing into the management of @entity43 have been disappointing to clinicians. @entity5 cells from fresh @entity1 @entity43 do not grow well under artificial in vitro growth conditions. The selection of cells that happen to proliferate in vitro (e.g., @entity1 @entity5 clonogenic assay) has resulted in low plating efficiencies (0.001-0.1% of plated cells). The vigorous mechanical and enzymatic @entity5 disaggregation, done to obtain a single-cell suspension, further reduces the number of cells that grow in vitro, resulting in low overall evaluability rates of 40-70% for the @entity1 @entity5 clonogenic assay. At the University of Miami, a new in vitro chemosensitivity assay was developed that detected the decrease in total @entity5 cell viability by measuring intracellular @entity855 as a function of in vitro drug response. Preliminary data on 31 @entity5 tissues from @entity1 , which was evaluated with this method, showed a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 100%. Since these initial studies, data were gathered on more than 150 fresh @entity5 specimens to evaluate single drugs and drug combinations at five concentrations (range, 10-500% of reported peak plasma concentrations). The evaluability rate for @entity43 was more than 90%. Some @entity5 showed almost complete cell kill at the lowest drug concentration; others had only a limited response at the highest level. Drug-response patterns also were variable for combined drug exposure. These findings underscore the heterogeneity of drug response in morphologically similar @entity5 and the importance of characterizing individual chemosensitivity profiles for @entity1 before drug treatment.

title: Chemosensitivity testing in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'gynecologic tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data support chemotherapy combined with antiangiogenic therapy in metastatic @entity5 (mUC) and muscle-invasive @entity150 (MIBC). We investigated the efficacy and safety of @entity136 , @entity900 , and @entity2240 (GCS) in mUC and MIBC in parallel phase II trials. @entity1 AND METHODS: Trial 1 enrolled 36 @entity1 with mUC who were chemotherapy naive; trial 2 enrolled 9 @entity1 with MIBC. The primary endpoints for trials 1 and 2 were response rate and pathologic complete response, respectively. GCS was given as first-line treatment for @entity1 with mUC and as neoadjuvant therapy for @entity1 with MIBC. The Simon minimax 2-stage design was used for an objective response rate in trial 1 and for the pathologic complete response rate in trial 2. RESULTS: The initial trial 1 GCS dose was @entity136 1000 mg/m(2) intravenously, days 1 and 8; @entity900 70 mg/m(2) intravenously, day 1; and @entity2240 37.5 mg orally daily, days 1 to 14 of a 21-day cycle. These doses proved intolerable. The doses of @entity136 and @entity900 were subsequently reduced to 800 and 60 mg/m(2), respectively, without an improvement in drug delivery, and the trial was closed. This lower-dose regimen was applied in trial 2, which was stopped early due to excess @entity137 . Grade 3 to 4 hematologic @entity137 occurred in 70% (23/33) of @entity1 in trial 1 and 22% (2/9) of @entity1 in trial 2. In trial 1, the response rate was 49% (95% CI, 31%-67%); in trial 2, the pathologic complete response was 22% (2/9). Due to early closure secondary to @entity137 , the sample sizes of both trials were small. CONCLUSIONS: Delivery of GCS was hampered by excessive @entity137 in both advanced and neoadjuvant settings.

title: @entity136 , @entity900 , and XXXX for metastatic urothelial carcinoma and as preoperative therapy for muscle-invasive @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity2240 :: (MESH:C473478,Chemical) :: ['sunitinib']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Balance and gait are essential to physical functioning and the performance of activities of daily living. The objective of this study was to determine the predictive value of a balance and gait test on subsequent mortality, morbidity, and healthcare utilization among older @entity173 @entity1 . DESIGN: A prospective study of @entity173 recovery. SETTING: @entity1 with a new @entity173 admitted from the community to one of eight Baltimore hospitals and followed in their homes for 2 years postfracture. @entity1 : A total of 306 @entity1 with @entity173 , 65 years of age and older, who completed a gait and balance assessment at 2 months postfracture. MEASUREMENTS: The relationship between gait and balance test performance at 2 months postfracture and mortality, physician visits, rehospitalizations, nursing home placement, and falls up to 24 months postfracture was assessed by Cox proportional hazards and least squares regression. RESULTS: After adjusting for age, sex, race, and comorbidity, the balance score and the summary mobility score predicted mortality. A 17% increase in the risk of mortality was demonstrated for each unit decrease in the balance score (range 0-17), and a 10% increase was demonstrated for each decrease in the summary score (range 0-26). Unsteady balance during immediate standing, turning, sitting down, and rising from a chair were associated significantly with increased mortality. Poor balance, but not poor gait, was associated with an increase in hospitalizations up to 24 months postfracture. Both poor balance and poor gait were associated with nursing home placement, with 20% and 17% increased odds, respectively. Mobility did not predict future physician visits or falls. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that balance and gait are predictive of future health outcomes for older @entity173 @entity1 .

title: Mobility after XXXX predicts health outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: The standard treatment for @entity43 remains surgical debulking and chemotherapy with @entity3003 and @entity1311 . However, the majority of @entity1 relapse, and few, if any, achieve a cure. Future advancement in treatment should aim at targeting the biology of the disease, specifically mechanisms critical to @entity5 initiation and progression. Several Phase I and II clinical trials have identified novel opportunities for therapy. The most promising venues appear to be the antiangiogenic agents and the inhibitors of intracellular signaling. Novel modalities of delivering cytotoxics to @entity5 cells by exploiting @entity43 -specific biomarkers are also being tested, and appear promising. Immunomodulatory agents are being developed for consolidation therapy. Although devoid of the common side effects associated with chemotherapy, the use of targeted agents is associated with specific @entity137 , related to the biological processes they block. The main challenge for future successful clinical development will be defining molecular markers predictive of response and judicious @entity1 selection based on the biological features of the @entity5 . Individualized treatment driven by molecular characteristics will open the door to a new age in anticancer medicine.

title: Novel agents in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: The endothelial cell layer plays a major role in the development and progression of @entity731 . Endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) produces @entity842 (NO) from @entity534 . NO can rapidly react with reactive @entity26 species to form @entity6710 . This reduces NO availability, impairs vasodilatation, and mediates proinflammatory and prothrombotic processes such as leukocyte adhesion and @entity1423 . In the vessel wall, specific @entity1110 oxidase complexes are major sources of reactive @entity26 species. These @entity1110 oxidases can transfer electrons across membranes to @entity26 and generate @entity224 anions. The short-lived @entity224 anion rapidly dismutates to @entity273 , which can further increase the production of reactive @entity26 species. This can lead to uncoupling of eNOS switching enzymatic activity from NO to @entity224 production. This review describes the structure and regulation of different @entity1110 oxidase complexes. We will also focus on NO/ @entity224 anion balance as modulated by hemodynamic forces, vasoconstrictors, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein. We will then summarize the recent advances defining the role of @entity842 and @entity1110 oxidase-derived reactive @entity26 species in the development and progression of @entity731 . In conclusion, novel mechanisms affecting the vascular NO/ @entity224 anion balance will allow the development of therapeutic strategies in the treatment of @entity65 .

title: XXXX , @entity1110 oxidase, and @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity6710 :: ('MESH:D030421', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxynitrite']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy, @entity137 and tolerability of chemotherapy with a combination of @entity1138 and @entity1206 (M/V) in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: We enrolled 110 @entity1 (median age 67 years) with locally advanced or metastatic @entity1149 , who had no prior chemotherapy or progressive disease after at least one prior chemotherapy regimen. 45 @entity1 (41%) were > or =70 years old. All @entity1 received @entity1206 25mg/m(2) (d1,8) and @entity1138 8mg/m(2) (d1) every 3-4 weeks. Restaging was performed by CT-scan after every two courses M/V according to RECIST criteria. RESULTS: M/V was well tolerated, even in @entity1 with a poor performance status or > or =70 years Median progression free survival was 4.4 months. Median overall survival was 9.0 months with a 1-year survival rate of 39%. Partial response was observed in 15% and stable disease in 51% of @entity1 . Both hematological and non-hematological @entity137 were generally mild. CTC grade 3 @entity137 observed included @entity1398 in 3%, @entity417 in 3%, @entity882 in 1% and suspected @entity55 in 2% of @entity1 . Except @entity1398 in 2% and acute @entity1353 in 1%, there were no other grade 4 @entity137 and no treatment associated casualties. There was no relevant difference in outcome or @entity137 between @entity1 > or =70 and <70 years. CONCLUSIONS: M/V seems to be a well-tolerated and effective chemotherapy regimen with low @entity137 in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . It seems to be an interesting option even for @entity1 > or =70 years or with a reduced performance status.

title: Efficacy and safety of combination chemotherapy with @entity1138 and @entity1206 for the treatment of advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study investigates immediate efficacy and safety of intravenous application of de novo @entity13876 (LCM) as add-on therapy in @entity1 with pharmacoresistant focal @entity302 . METHODS: During presurgical video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring, 17 adult inpatients received LCM infusion (200 mg every 12 h for 2-3 days) followed by oral formulation with the same regimen. Before and after intravenous application of LCM, @entity410 and @entity302 ( @entity302 ) recorded with continuous video-EEG monitoring were analyzed, and an assessment of adverse events (AEs) was performed daily. To evaluate the midterm tolerability and efficacy, follow-up visits were conducted 1 and 3 months after discharge from hospital. KEY FINDINGS: In the acute phase, intravenous initiation of LCM was well tolerated with few mild or moderate AEs (3 of 17, 17.6%). A significant reduction of @entity410 frequency in the treatment phase as compared to mean @entity410 frequency in the 2-day baseline phase was achieved (p < 0.05 for the first treatment day, and p < 0.005 for the second treatment day). On the first treatment day, 61.5% of the @entity1 were @entity410 free, and 84.6% on the second treatment day. IED reduction after intravenous application of LCM was not significant. After 1 month, the 50% responder rate was 46.6% and after the 3-month period, 42.8%. SIGNIFICANCE: Our data suggest that rapid intravenous initiation of de novo LCM is safe and may protect against @entity410 in a rapid and midterm time window.

title: Rapid loading of intravenous XXXX : efficacy and practicability during presurgical video-EEG monitoring.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity13876 :: ('MESH:C403507', 'Chemical') :: ['lacosamide']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['interictal epileptiform discharges', 'epilepsy', 'IEDs']

answer: @entity13876 :: (MESH:C403507,Chemical) :: ['lacosamide']


abstract: Formula methods of estimating @entity410 threshold in bilateral @entity34 ( @entity34 ) have been successful in 75% (at the first @entity34 ) and 80% (at the sixth @entity34 ) of treatments (Gangadhar et al., 1998). This study showed the same results for unilateral (UL) @entity34 @entity1 . Its aim was to compare formula and titration methods for threshold determination. The @entity410 threshold (dependent variable) was determined by the titration method used at the first @entity34 in consecutive consenting @entity1 (n = 80) prescribed UL @entity34 under general anesthesia. The independent variables were age, gender, diagnosis, illness severity, concurrent drugs, head circumference, and inion-nasion distance. Forward, step-wise, linear regression analysis showed age as the only significant predictor of @entity410 threshold (15% of variance). A formula based on regression analysis was prospectively applied in an independent sample (n = 30) of @entity1 receiving UL @entity34 using the titration method for threshold determination. The results calculated a higher threshold than the actual threshold used in 14 @entity1 , a threshold level in 8 @entity1 , and below threshold in 8 @entity1 . Formula-based estimates would have been successful in 22 (73%) @entity1 , but the majority of them would have received higher than the recommended stimulus dose. Titration is the method preferred for clinical use. However, if a @entity1 's doctor wishes to use the formula-based method, he or she should do so with specific considerations.

title: @entity410 threshold estimation by formula method: a prospective study in unilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['ECT', 'electroconvulsive therapy']

answer: @entity34 :: (MESH:D016609,Disease) :: ['ECT']


abstract: Cultural sensitivity is increasingly recognized as a means to enhance the effectiveness of health promotion programmes all over the world. Sociocultural meanings and terminology of diseases are important in understanding how different groups perceive and interpret illness. This study was conducted as part of the process of developing and adapting a @entity2953 ( @entity2953 )/ @entity645 peer led health education intervention for soon-to-be-released inmates who were predominantly Nguni speakers in South Africa. Two @entity1585 ( @entity1585 ) were conducted with prison inmates in each of four facilities. Additionally, one FGD was conducted in each prison with non-health trained (custodial) personnel who were Nguni speakers from the same community (n = 27). The data revealed unique terminology and meanings attached to several biomedically defined STIs. These sociocultural constructions were not limited to inmates as findings from warders' discussions showed a similar pattern. Moreover, we found the existence of a number of traditional 'folk' STIs and culture-specific prevention methods. These conceptualizations influence reported health-care-seeking behaviour, where dual consultation of traditional healers and biomedical remedies is widely practiced. The research has biopsychological as well as cultural implications for the development and adaptation of contextually relevant health promotion interventions.

title: Social construction and cultural meanings of @entity2953 / XXXX -related terminology among Nguni-speaking inmates and warders in four South African correctional facilities.

entities_list: @entity1585 :: ('MESH:D065703', 'Disease') :: ['FGDs', 'focus group discussions']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['STI', 'sexually transmitted infection']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the last decade of behaviour therapy research in @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ). METHOD: The most salient research was analyzed. RESULTS: Many studies confirmed that exposure and ritual prevention (ERP) effectively reduced compulsive rituals and @entity3119 in most @entity1 in all age groups, although a minority of the @entity1 did not complete treatment. Gains persisted to follow-up 2 to 6 years later in several countries. Improvement after ERP generalized to obsessive-compulsive beliefs, mood, work, and social adjustment, and was accompanied by @entity551 in the right caudate nucleus. Teaching @entity1 how to prevent relapse seems to reduce the risk of recurrence. ERP yields slightly more improvement than does appropriate antidepressant medication and is followed by far less relapse after treatment has stopped, so ERP may be more cost-effective in the long term. Antidepressant medication is a useful adjunct to ERP when @entity3119 is accompanied by @entity308 . The therapist now tends to teach @entity1 how to carry out self-exposure and self-imposed ritual prevention, rather than to impose ERP on them. Self-help manuals help @entity1 to do this, and computer aids to allow @entity1 to learn how to do ERP at home have been valuable in pilot studies. Cognitive therapy without ERP was as useful as ERP. CONCLUSION: ERP is of lasting value for @entity3119 . Long-term cost-effectiveness comparisons are needed of self-administered ERP versus cognitive therapy and versus medication. Studies are also needed of brief psychological treatment for @entity308 comorbid with @entity3119 .

title: Behaviour therapy for XXXX : a decade of progress.

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder', 'OCD', 'obsessive thoughts']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in cerebral blood flow']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['comorbid depression', 'depression']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']


abstract: Whether the risk of both venous and @entity715 is increased in dialysis @entity1 as compared to the general population is unknown. In addition, it is unknown which subgroups are at highest risk. Furthermore, it is unknown whether having a history of @entity49 or @entity715 prior to dialysis treatment increases mortality risk. A total of 455 dialysis @entity1 were followed for objectively verified symptomatic @entity715 events between January 1997 and June 2009. The incidence rates in dialysis @entity1 as compared to the general population was 5.6-fold (95% CI 3.1-8.9) increased for @entity49 , 11.9-fold (95% CI 9.3-14.9) increased for @entity583 , and 8.4-fold (95% CI 5.7-11.5) increased for @entity64 . The combination of haemodialysis, lowest tertile of albumin, history of @entity49 , and @entity5 was associated with subsequent @entity49 . Increased age, @entity8 , @entity6 , high @entity165 levels, history of @entity49 , and history of @entity715 were associated with subsequent @entity715 . The all-cause mortality risk was 1.9-fold (95% CI 1.1-3.3) increased for @entity1 with a history of @entity49 and 1.9-fold (95% CI 1.4-2.6) increased for @entity1 with a history of @entity715 . A potential limitation of this study was that in some risk categories associations with @entity49 did not reach statistical significance due to small numbers. In conclusion, dialysis @entity1 have clearly elevated risks of @entity49 and @entity715 and occurrence of @entity49 or @entity715 prior to the start of dialysis is associated with an increased mortality risk.

title: Venous and XXXX in dialysis @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['arterial thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['arterial thrombosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the management of a multigravida presenting with @entity1468 , @entity2102 and acute @entity12661 for Caesarean section. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 39-yr-old @entity1 , with three past uncomplicated pregnancies presented at 33 wk with acute @entity12661 . Based on clinical and laboratory assessment, a diagnosis of @entity1468 with @entity2102 was made. A CT scan of her head demonstrated @entity75 of her basal ganglia, extending superiorly to involve both posterior parietal and occipital regions. Infusions of @entity2400 and @entity2514 were started and an urgent Caesarean section was performed under subarachnoid anaesthesia after insertion of an arterial line and intravenous hydration. The course of anaesthesia and surgery was uneventful and she delivered a live 1540 g female @entity1 . By the following morning, she had recovered some vision and visual recovery was complete by 72 hr postpartum. She underwent an MRI with angiography on the first postpartum day. @entity75 were confirmed in the same sites identified on CT scan but all major cerebral vessels were patent and no significant @entity455 was noted. Her postoperative course was uneventful and she was discharged home seven days postpartum after being prescribed @entity6555 for continued @entity101 . CONCLUSION: The anaesthetic management of a parturient with acute @entity12661 and @entity2102 is modeled on the underlying preeclamptic condition. Invasive monitoring is not routinely indicated but is specifically indicated in some cases. Provided that it is not contraindicated because of prohibitive risk to the mother, regional anaesthesia has particular advantage in these @entity1 . In particular, the use of spinal anaesthesia, which has been discouraged by some for this @entity1 population, should be re-evaluated.

title: Obstetrical anaesthesia for a parturient with XXXX , @entity2102 and acute @entity12661 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular abnormality']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6555 :: ('MESH:D007741', 'Chemical') :: ['labetalol']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic lesions', 'Ischaemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity2102 :: ('MESH:D017359', 'Disease') :: ['HELLP syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity2400 :: ('CHEBI:32599', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity12661 :: ('MESH:D019575', 'Disease') :: ['cortical blindness']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: Age-related @entity1020 is the leading cause of @entity1939 in @entity1 over the age of 55. In addition to an increased risk of @entity1018 due to @entity1020 , aging results in a substantial loss of sympathetic nerve activity. We have previously shown that loss of sympathetic nerve activity to the eye causes significant remodeling of the choroidal vasculature. The hypothesis of the present study was that the choroidal remodeling noted after sympathectomy was due to alterations in key angiogenic growth factors. To test this hypothesis, female @entity35 underwent superior cervical ganglionectomy, which eliminates all sympathetic innervation to the eye. Six weeks after surgery, eyes were removed, and the choroidal tissue was processed for real-time PCR to measure gene expression and western blot analysis to assess protein expression. Gene and protein expression were significantly increased for @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) and @entity28700 ( @entity28700 ) in the sympathectomized eye, as compared to the contralateral eye (P < 0.05). Protein expression was increased 4-fold for @entity34313 , with no change in steady-state gene expression. For both @entity10740 and @entity18664 , steady-state mRNA levels were significantly decreased, while protein expression was significantly increased. Protein expression for @entity25603 was decreased significantly, with reduced gene expression. These results suggest that the vascular remodeling noted in the choroidal blood vessels after sympathectomy is a complex process involving numerous growth factor families. Therefore, modulation of sympathetic nerve activity may be a suitable mechanism to prevent the vascular growth associated with @entity1020 .

title: Cervical sympathectomy regulates expression of key angiogenic factors in the XXXX choroid.

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity18664 :: ('94203(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['placental growth factor']

entities_list: @entity28700 :: ('287526(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['pigment epithelial-derived growth factor', 'PEDF']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A @entity1 milk fraction containing multimeric alpha-lactalbumin (MAL) is able to kill cells via apoptosis. MAL is a protein complex of a folding variant of alpha-lactalbumin and lipids. Previous results have shown that upon treatment of transformed cells, MAL localizes to the mitochondria and @entity4674 is released into the cytosol. This is followed by activation of the caspase cascade. In this study, we further investigated the involvement of mitochondria in apoptosis induced by the folding variant of alpha-lactalbumin. Addition of MAL to isolated @entity35 liver mitochondria induced a loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta Psi(m)), mitochondrial swelling and the release of @entity4674 . These changes were @entity141 -dependent and were prevented by @entity205 , an inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition. MAL also increased the rate of state 4 respiration in isolated mitochondria by exerting an uncoupling effect. This effect was due to the presence of @entity1718 in the MAL complex because it was abolished completely by BSA. BSA delayed, but failed to prevent, mitochondrial swelling as well as dissipation of Delta Psi(m), indicating that the @entity844 content of MAL facilitated, rather than caused, these effects. Similar results were obtained with HAMLET ( @entity1 alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to @entity5 cells), which is native alpha-lactalbumin converted in vitro to the apoptosis-inducing folding variant of the protein in complex with @entity3952 . Our findings demonstrate that a folding variant of alpha-lactalbumin induces mitochondrial permeability transition with subsequent @entity4674 release, which in transformed cells may lead to activation of the caspase cascade and @entity204 .

title: A folding variant of XXXX alpha-lactalbumin induces mitochondrial permeability transition in isolated mitochondria.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['apoptotic death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether dietary intervention in the immediate postfracture period will reverse the detrimental influence of protein deprivation on @entity174 healing in the @entity35 . DESIGN: Adult @entity35 were maintained on a diet containing either a normal or reduced protein concentration. After five weeks, both femora of each @entity35 were pinned with an intramedullary 0.625-millimeter K-wire. A closed @entity174 of the right femur was created one week later, by use of a handheld device. Groups of @entity35 were killed and the femora harvested at 14 days for histologic study and at twenty-eight and fifty-six days for mechanical testing. INTERVENTION: Control @entity35 (Group I) were maintained on a 20 percent protein diet. Malnourished (Group II) animals were maintained on a 6 percent protein diet during the six-week prefracture period and throughout the fifty-six-day postfracture period. @entity3147 was confirmed by measurement of serum concentrations of @entity2594 , immunoglobulin, and albumin. Renourished (Group III) animals were started on the 6 percent protein diet but were fed a 20 percent protein diet in the fifty-six-day postfracture period. RESULTS: When compared with control, well-nourished @entity35 , malnourished animals had callus composed primarily of fibrous-type tissue and had decreased periosteal and external callus as well as callus strength. The callus from renourished animals histologically resembled that from well-nourished animals with large amounts of periosteal and external callus. Based on mechanical testing results, callus from malnourished animals showed reduced strength and stiffness as compared with control renourished animals. In renourished animals, the cross-sectional area of the @entity174 callus, as well as @entity2693 and strength, were greater than those in malnourished and well-nourished animals. CONCLUSION: Protein deprivation has a profound detrimental effect on @entity174 healing. The identification of a protein-reduced state and its reversal could result in improved @entity174 healing and presumably a better clinical outcome in malnourished @entity1 .

title: Reversal of the detrimental effects of chronic XXXX on long bone @entity174 healing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['Malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['callus stiffness']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['protein malnutrition']


abstract: Between January 1991 and January 1998, a total of 15 @entity1 underwent direct injection sclerotherapy for painful @entity1095 . Duplex ultrasonography or venography was used in all cases for the detection and localization of tortuous venous structures. Direct injection with absolute @entity1068 was performed in 12 @entity1 , and @entity13420 or @entity8191 was used in 5 @entity1 . Provocative @entity3303 testing was used in 2 @entity1 in whom major nerves were in proximity to the @entity600 . All @entity1 underwent follow-up in the clinic with duplex examination after each sclerotherapy. Clinical symptoms of all @entity1 improved during average follow-up of 2.5 years (range: 3 months to 6 years.) Duplex examination was useful in detecting the venous component including the size and course of veins, which were often less well seen on magnetic resonance imaging. Duplex study was helpful in follow-up after sclerotherapy in all @entity1 . Direct injection sclerotherapy is an acceptable treatment modality for @entity1211 . Complications are manageable, and regular follow-up with Duplex is helpful.

title: Percutaneous sclerotherapy for XXXX in the extremities.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral venous malformations']

entities_list: @entity13420 :: ('MESH:D012981', 'Chemical') :: ['Sotradecol']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity8191 :: ('MESH:D012976', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium morrhuate']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous malformations']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl alcohol']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['congenital venous malformations']


abstract: 1. Factors influencing the total body and renal clearances of inulin were investigated in a total of 37 healthy adult volunteers and 10 @entity1 with stable @entity177 after the single intravenous injection of a dose of 70 mg/kg given over 5 min. 2. The elimination of inulin was highly concentration-dependent, and in healthy volunteers the renal clearance fell from 103.7 +/- 14.4 ml @entity1009 1.73 m-2 during the first hour after administration to 49.1 +/- 20.9 ml @entity1009 1.73 m-2 over the period 6-8 h. In the @entity1 with @entity177 the renal clearance fell correspondingly from 39.7 +/- 16.5 to 26.6 +/- 8.6 ml @entity1009 1.73 m-2. There were no changes in the simultaneously measured clearances of @entity1011 . 3. The values obtained for the total body clearance of inulin after a single injection depend critically on dose, the number and timing of blood samples, the choice of pharmacokinetic model, the number of data points chosen for estimation of the slope of the terminal elimination phase for analysis by the methods of residuals, and the weighting used for curve fitting by non-linear regression analysis. 4. With standardized conditions of sampling from 0 to 2 h and weighted non-linear regression analysis of the plasma concentration-time data, the total body and renal clearances of inulin were almost identical in subjects with normal renal function at 105.2 +/- 10.2 and 102.9 +/- 13.0 ml @entity1009 1.73 m-2. In the @entity1 with @entity177 sampling was continued for 3 h and the corresponding clearances were 40.4 +/- 15.3 and 38.9 +/- 15.7 ml @entity1009 1.73 m-2. 5. The 0-2 h total body and renal clearances of inulin were measured by the single injection method and the renal clearance was measured by the standard constant infusion method on different occasions in 10 healthy volunteers. The respective clearances were similar at 101.4 +/- 6.6, 94.9 +/- 11.9 and 88.4 +/- 12.1 ml @entity1009 1.73 m-2. 6. The reproducibility of the single injection and constant infusion methods was compared by measuring the inulin clearance with both techniques on three occasions in separate groups of eight and nine healthy volunteers. The mean coefficient of variation for the total body clearance with the single injection method was only 3.9% compared with 9.5% for the renal clearance determined the same way and 12.0% for the renal clearance during constant infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Reassessment of the single intravenous injection method with inulin for measurement of the glomerular filtration rate in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: The role of @entity413 -insulin- @entity972 (GIK) infusion in the management of acute @entity583 is not well established. This prospective, randomized study comprised 120 @entity1 who had ST-elevation @entity583 that was treated within 12 hours from symptom onset with a high dose of GIK (25% @entity413 , 50 IU of soluble insulin per liter, and 80 mmol of @entity4337 per liter at 1 ml/kg/hour over 24 hours) as adjunct to thrombolytic therapy (1.5 MU of streptokinase/30 to 60 minutes; GIK group) or thrombolytic therapy alone (control group). The primary end point of the study was the rate of major adverse @entity299 (MACEs) at 1 month, defined as a composite of @entity204 , reinfarction, serious @entity943 ( @entity2224 and/or @entity591 ), and severe @entity712 . The secondary end points were the rate of MACEs at 1 year and improvement in left ventricular systolic function. The incidence of MACEs at 1 month was significantly lower in the GIK group (10% vs 32.5%, relative risk 0.24, 95% confidence interval 0.09 to 0.63, p = 0.0043). @entity1 in the GIK group had significant decreases in @entity2224 (1.3% vs 15.0%, p = 0.003) and severe @entity712 (3% vs 12.5%, p = 0.031). The rate of MACEs at 1 year was also significantly lower in the GIK group (13% vs 40.0%, relative risk 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.09 to 0.55, p = 0.0012). After 1 year, there was a significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction in the GIK group (from 48 +/- 8% to 51 +/- 10%, p <0.01), which was not observed in the control group. In conclusion, high-dose GIK, used as an adjunct to thrombolytic therapy, was safe and improved clinical outcome at 1 month. The beneficial effect of GIK infusion was maintained up to 1 year.

title: Effects of @entity413 -insulin- XXXX infusion on ST-elevation @entity583 in @entity1 treated with thrombolytic therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chloride']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation', 'ventricular tachycardia and/or fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: @entity1877 acetyltransferase ( @entity4268 ) and acetylcholinesterase ( @entity13522 ) are the decisive enzymatic activities regulating the availability of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) at a given synaptic or nonsynaptic locus. The only cholinergic cells of the mature inner retina are the so-called starburst amacrine cells (SACs). A type-I SAC, found at the outer border of the inner plexiform layer (IPL), forms a synaptic subband "a" within the IPL, while a type-II SAC located at the inner IPL border projects into subband "d." Applying immunohistochemistry for @entity4268 and @entity13522 on sections of the @entity1573 retina, we here have revealed intricate relationships of how retinal networks became dominated by @entity13522 or by @entity4268 reactivities. @entity13522 + cells were first detectable in an embryonic day (E)4 retina, while @entity4268 appeared 1 day later in the very same cells; at this stage all are Brn3a+, a marker for ganglion cells (GCs). On either side of a faint @entity13522 + band, indicating the future IPL, pairs of @entity4268 + / @entity13522 - /Brn3a- cells appeared between E7/8. Type-I cells had increased @entity4268 and lost @entity13522 ; type-II cells presented less @entity4268 , but some @entity13522 on their surfaces. Direct neighbors of SACs tended to express much @entity13522 . Along with maturation, subband "a" presented more @entity4268 but less @entity13522 ; in subband "d" this pattern was reversed. In conclusion, the two retinal cholinergic networks segregate out from one cell pool, become locally opposed to each other, and become dominated by either synthesis or degradation of @entity1617 . These "cholinergic developmental divergences" may also have significant physiologic consequences.

title: Intricate paths of cells and networks becoming "Cholinergic" in the embryonic XXXX retina.

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity73 ( @entity73 ) do not always convert to @entity303 . In such cases, abnormal neuropsychological test results may not validly reflect cognitive symptoms due to @entity75 , and the usual brain-behavior relationships may be absent. This study examined symptom validity in a memory clinic sample and its effect on the associations between hippocampal volume and memory performance. Eleven of 170 consecutive @entity1 (6.5%; 13% of @entity1 younger than 65 years) referred to memory clinics showed noncredible performance on symptom validity tests (SVTs, viz. Word Memory Test and Test of Memory Malingering). They were compared to a demographically matched group (n   =   57) selected from the remaining @entity1 . Hippocampal volume, measured by an automated volumetric method (Freesurfer), was correlated with scores on six verbal memory tests. The median correlation was r = .49 in the matched group. However, the relation was absent (median r =   -.11) in @entity1 who failed SVTs. Memory clinic samples may include @entity1 who show noncredible performance, which invalidates their @entity73 diagnosis. This underscores the importance of applying SVTs in evaluating @entity1 with cognitive complaints that may signify a predementia stage, especially when these @entity1 are relatively young.

title: Symptom validity testing in memory clinics: Hippocampal-memory associations and relevance for diagnosing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disease']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['mild cognitive impairment']


abstract: Control strategies were evaluated over a 6-month period in a home simulation model comprising a series of similar carpeted pens, housing matched groups of six @entity468 , in which the life-cycle of the flea Ctenocephalides felis felis Bouche (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) had been established. Additional adult @entity11101 were placed on the @entity468 at intervals to mimic acquisition of extraneous @entity11101 from outside the home. Treatment strategies included a single subcutaneous deposition of injectable lufenuron supported by initial treatments with a short-acting insecticidal spray, or monthly topical applications of @entity5051 or @entity276 . An untreated control group indicated that conditions were suitable for flea replication and development. Controls had to be combed on 18 occasions to remove @entity11101 and two developed @entity56 . Lufenuron @entity468 were combed once and required two insecticidal treatments in the first month to achieve control. Even so, small flea burdens were constantly present thereafter. @entity5051 and @entity276 treatments appeared to give virtually complete control throughout. @entity11101 were found on @entity5051 @entity468 on two occasions, whereas none were recovered from @entity276 @entity468 at any time after the first treatment. Tracer @entity468 were used to monitor re-infestation rates at the end of the trial period. Small numbers of host-seeking @entity11101 were demonstrated in all treatment pens, indicating that total eradication had not been accomplished. It is concluded that the home environment simulation model incorporating tracer animals could provide a powerful tool for studying flea population dynamics under controlled conditions but improved techniques are needed for quantifying other off-host life-cycle stages.

title: Control of flea populations in a simulated home environment model using lufenuron, @entity5051 or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity276 :: ('MESH:C082360', 'Chemical') :: ['fipronil']

entities_list: @entity11101 :: ('MESH:D058267', 'Disease') :: ['Single fleas', 'fleas', 'excessive flea burdens']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity5051 :: ('MESH:C082359', 'Chemical') :: ['Imidacloprid', 'imidacloprid']

answer: @entity276 :: (MESH:C082360,Chemical) :: ['fipronil']


abstract: This case control study was carried out in the Paediatric wards of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital for a period of one year from April 2002 to March 2003 to determine the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of @entity264 test in the diagnosis of @entity234 . A total of seventy five febrile cases of @entity234 from Paediatric wards were enrolled in the study and Seventy five controls having @entity381 with or without @entity221 were also included from the same source. @entity264 test was done in both cases and controls. Diagnosis of @entity234 was confirmed by demonstration of Leish- @entity1 -Don-o-van body (LD) in bone marrow or @entity4558 aspirates. Out of 75 parasitologically proven cases of @entity234 , @entity1129 was positive in 56 cases. The sensitivity irrespective of duration of illness was 74.6%. We found sensitivity of @entity1129 increases with the duration of illness where @entity1129 was sensitive in 34.7% cases having @entity221 for less than 3 months, 90.90% with @entity221 for 3 months to less than 6 months and 100% with @entity221 for 6 months or more in duration. Specificity of @entity1129 was calculated as 96% with positive and negative predictive values of 94.9% and 79.1% respectively. So @entity1129 is a very sensitive and specific test with high positive and negative predictive values. Considering the cost, availability, simplicity, sensitivity, and specificity we would recommend the @entity264 test as an important diagnostic tool for field diagnosis of @entity234 after three months of @entity221 .

title: Diagnostic efficacy of @entity264 test in late cases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['Kala-azar especially', 'Kala-azar']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness', 'fever']

entities_list: @entity264 :: ('CHEBI:17478', 'Chemical') :: ['Aldehyde']

answer: @entity234 :: (MESH:D007898,Disease) :: ['Kala-azar']


abstract: In a prospective randomized multicentric trial, 61 @entity1 from six hospitals with resectable @entity788 were recruited between 1987 and 1989. All @entity1 underwent a Whipple resection. Two weeks after surgery, the @entity1 were randomized to be given either intravenous (IV) treatment with 370 mg (100 mg loading dose, 9 x 30 mg continuing within 10 days) of monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 494/32 (Behringwerke AG, Marsburg, Germany) or no additional anti- @entity5 treatment. This @entity19 @entity9686 antibody has been shown to strongly bind to @entity1 @entity788 cells and to induce an @entity137 ( @entity137 ). Both study groups were well matched with respect to age, sex, @entity5 staging, and grading. Six @entity1 suffered from minor @entity137 ( @entity391 and @entity490 ) after immunotherapy. Ten months after the end of the recruitment period, 65% and 53% of the @entity1 in the treatment and control groups, respectively, had died. Of the living @entity1 , 60% and 53% are alive with recurrent or progressive @entity5 . Median survival time was 428 days (range, 248 to 510 days) and 386 days (range, 296 to 509 days) in the treatment and control groups, respectively. The authors concluded that repeated IV treatment with the antibody 494/32 is not helpful in resectable @entity788 . This study provides the first controlled data on passive immunotherapy in solid @entity5 .

title: A randomized controlled trial of adjuvant immunotherapy (murine monoclonal antibody 494/32) in resectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['ADCC', 'toxicity', 'antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer disease', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: Subunit proteins that make up functional GABAA receptors were localized immunocytochemistry in the primary visual cortex (area 17) of adult monkeys and @entity1 . Immunoreactivity for the alpha 1, beta 2/3, and gamma 2 subunits is greatest in layers (II-III, @entity3480 and IVC) of monkey area 17 that contain the highest density of @entity1246 neurons and terminals. Immunostaining for each subunit is unevenly distributed in layers II and III, where patches of immunoreactivity correspond to regions of intense cytochrome oxidase (CO) staining, and in @entity3480 , where intense immunoreactivity forms a honeycomb pattern identical to the CO staining pattern. Immunoreactivity for the subunits is localized principally within the neuropil, which, by simultaneous comparison with the distribution of @entity7333 immunostaining, was found to include bundles of thin dendrites and zones of numerous dendritic segments. In addition, gamma 2 immunostaining surrounds the somata of a subpopulation of GABAergic neurons, immunoreactive for the @entity460 -binding protein @entity15537 . All three subunits are present in the somata and processes of neurons that occupy the white matter subjacent to monkey area 17. In @entity1 visual cortex, the alpha 1, beta 2/3, and gamma 2 subunits are distributed in a manner similar to that found in monkeys, with relatively intense immunostaining in layers IVC and @entity3480 . In layer IVC, vertical stripes of intense receptor immunostaining (20-30 microns wide) alternate with wider stripes of pale immunostaining (30-60 microns wide). In the upper and lower halves of IVC beta, these stripes form lattices similar to those in layers IVC and @entity3480 of monkeys. Following monocular deprivation by intravitreal injections of @entity4524 in adult monkeys, immunoreactivity for each subunit in layer IVC consists of alternating intensely and lightly stained stripes. Comparison with the pattern of CO staining indicates that intense immunostaining for alpha 1, beta 2/3, and gamma 2 occurs in @entity735 while abnormally light immunostaining is present in deprived-eye stripes. For all three subunits, immunoreactivity in deprived-eye stripes is reduced within 5 d of monocular deprivation and remains abnormally low for deprivations that extend to at least 30 d. These findings indicate that each of several GABAA receptor subunits adopt similar laminar and compartmental distributions in monkey and @entity1 area 17 and are likely to be expressed by the same neurons. The deprivation-dependent reduction in immunoreactivity for alpha 1, beta 2/3, and gamma 2 subunits suggests that all are regulated by visually driven activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: GABAA receptor subunit immunoreactivity in primate visual cortex: distribution in macaques and XXXX and regulation by visual input in adulthood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity7333 :: ('51115', 'Gene') :: ['microtubule-associated protein']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['normal-eye stripes']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: To establish a rapid test for @entity699 we measured serum @entity701 during and following iv @entity619 infusion (5 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 for 5 h from 10.00 h) in @entity28 (N = 19) and in @entity699 (N = 12). We had first established that 5 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 was the lowest dose which consistently lowered serum @entity701 in @entity28 . In @entity28 , serum cortisols ranged from undetectable (less than 30) to 48 nmol/l at 17.00, less than 30 to 37 at 19.00 and less than 30 to 38 at 08.00 h the following day. Serum @entity701 at these three times did not show any overlap between @entity28 and @entity699 . Having established these findings we proceeded to study a group of @entity1 with @entity2670 . These @entity1 behaved differently. Their values at 17.00 and 19.00 h did not overlap those of @entity699 . However, at 08.00 h, 5 of the 7 had values within the range seen in @entity699 with a mean of 290 +/- 99 nmol/l. In conclusion, 17.00 and 19.00 h serum @entity701 levels distinguish between @entity699 and both @entity28 and @entity2670 . However, in the latter, @entity701 suppression is less prolonged than in @entity28 . This finding may be important for our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease.

title: A weight-related intravenous @entity619 suppression test distinguishes obese controls from XXXX with @entity699 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'simple obesity']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovarian disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2316 is the leading cause of @entity454 in European countries and is associated with an enhanced renal synthesis of endothelin (ET)-1. ETs are - beside their potent vasoconstrictor properties - very potent profibrotic acting paracrine hormones especially in the kidney. METHODS: We analyzed in @entity35 with @entity3839 -induced @entity6 the effects of an @entity11081 -type ( @entity11081 ) receptor antagonist ( @entity32593 ) in comparison to a combined @entity11081 / @entity10932 receptor antagonist ( @entity45378 ) on the expression of interstitial and glomerular collagen type I, III and IV as well as on fibronectin and laminin by quantitative immunohistochemistry using a computer-aided image analysis system. Global glomerular matrix deposition was analyzed after PAS staining. In addition to the morphometric examination of the kidneys, we also investigated GFR, urinary albumin and total protein excretion. The @entity6 @entity35 were treated for 36 weeks. RESULTS: Treatment with either @entity32593 or @entity45378 normalized the amount of PAS-positive material within the glomeruli. The expression of glomerular fibronectin and type IV collagen was increased 36 weeks after induction of @entity6 . The overexpression of these two matrix proteins within the glomeruli of @entity6 @entity35 was completely abolished by both ET receptor antagonists, whereas protein excretion was only reduced by about 50% as compared to @entity6 @entity35 without treatment. CONCLUSION: The present study indicates that @entity11081 receptor antagonists as well as combined @entity11081 / @entity10932 receptor antagonists reduce @entity644 and completely normalize the renal matrix protein expression in @entity1602 @entity35 with @entity3839 -induced @entity6 . The antifibrotic effect seems to be mediated via the @entity11081 receptor. ET receptor antagonists might be a new approach in the treatment of @entity2316 .

title: Effects of endothelin receptor antagonists on the progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'Diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: In attached apple leaves, spot-inoculated with @entity20003 , the phenotypic appearance of the hypersensitive response (HR) and the participation of @entity1786 , reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and of vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) (a plant caspase-1-like protease) were analysed. The HR in both the resistant and susceptible genotypes expressed a similar pattern of distinguishable micro HR lesions that progressed into confined macro HR lesions. The HR symptoms in apple were compared to those in non-host @entity286 . The morphology of dead cells (protoplast shrinkage and retraction from cell wall) in apple leaves resembled @entity39 @entity204 ( @entity204 ). Lesion formation in both cv. Free Redstar (resistant) and cv. Idared (highly susceptible) was preceded by ROS accumulation and elevation of @entity1786 levels. Treatment of infected leaves with an inhibitor of @entity1786 synthesis led to a decrease of @entity1786 emission and @entity66 development in both cultivars. In the resistant but not in the susceptible apple cultivar an early and late increase in VPE gene expression was detected. This suggests that VPE might be an underlying component of the response to @entity20003 in resistant apple cultivars. The findings show that in the studied pathosystem the cell death during the HR proceeds through a signal transduction cascade in which ROS, @entity1786 and VPE pathways play a role.

title: Morphological and biochemical characterization of @entity20003 -induced XXXX in apple leaves.

entities_list: @entity20003 :: ('552', 'Species') :: ['E. amylovora', 'Erwinia amylovora']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['suppression of lesion']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'programmed cell death']

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['hypersensitive cell death']


abstract: Nephrotoxicity is the major adverse effect of conventional @entity2379 ( @entity11015 /D), often limiting administration of full dosage. The new liposomal @entity2379 seems to be less toxic. The new liposomal @entity2379 seems to be less toxic. In this study, it is proposed that solubilizing the standard @entity11015 /D preparation with 10% lipid emulsion will attenuate nephrotoxicity. @entity35 were injected with either @entity11015 /D ( @entity2379 ), @entity11015 , @entity11015 /D plus lipid emulsion ( @entity11015 /D/LE), or @entity6743 (D). Renal function studies were performed on day 5. To assess a direct tubular toxic effect, isolated @entity35 proximal tubule suspensions and inner medullary collecting duct cells in culture were exposed to @entity11015 /D, @entity11015 , @entity11015 /D/LE, liposomal @entity2379 , and D for 60 min in normoxia. @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) release was assessed as an index of cell injury. @entity1011 clearance (ml/min per 100 g) averaged 0.79 +/- 0.04 in control @entity35 , 0.29 +/- 0.09 in @entity11015 @entity35 (P < 0.001 versus control), 0.38 +/- 0.04 in @entity11015 /D @entity35 , 0.46 +/- 0.05 in D @entity35 , and 0.78 +/- 0.03 in @entity11015 /LE @entity35 . Renal blood flow (ml/min per 100 g) was 3.45 +/- 0.31 in control, 1.29 +/- 0.28 in @entity11015 , 1.42 +/- 0.23 in @entity11015 /D, 3.03 +/- 0.39 in D, and 2.71 +/- 0.21 in @entity11015 /D/LE @entity35 . The fractional excretion of @entity972 (%) was 27.3 +/- 1.18 in control @entity35 , 61.6 +/- 7.00 in @entity11015 /D @entity35 , 58.4 +/- 15.32 in @entity11015 @entity35 , and 37.9 +/- 2.06 in @entity11015 /D/LE @entity35 . LDH release (%) in proximal tubules incubated with @entity11015 /D and D was 43.6 +/- 3.39 and 58.6 +/- 4.20, respectively. Addition of lipid emulsion decreased LDH release: 21.6 +/- 1.22 for @entity11015 /D/LE and 26.4 +/- 3.03 for deoxycholate plus lipid emulsion. @entity11015 did not demonstrate any toxic effect in proximal tubule suspensions. D was not toxic to inner medullary collecting duct cells at 0.16 mg/ml, whereas D at a higher dose and @entity11015 induced a significant LDH release. Addition of lipid emulsion did not affect the antifungal activity as assessed by the Etest method. In conclusion, an alternative way of administering standard @entity11015 with reduced nephrotoxicity is proposed.

title: Nephrotoxicity of XXXX is attenuated by solubilizing with lipid emulsion.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B', 'Fungizone']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine']

entities_list: @entity6743 :: ('MESH:D003840', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium deoxycholate']

answer: @entity2379 :: (MESH:D000666,Chemical) :: ['amphotericin B']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: This study examines the local and regional effects of exogenously administered interleukins 10 (IL-10) and 12 (IL-12) on @entity358 mediated by @entity630 /type 1-( @entity60 ) and @entity61 /type 2-(IL-4, @entity59 cytokines. MATERIALS AND TREATMENTS: @entity738 ( @entity738 ) were induced in presensitized CBA @entity19 by embolization of beads coated with Mycobacteria @entity378 or Schistosoma mansoni egg antigens. Before challenge, osmotic pumps distributing IL-10 or IL-12 (50 micrograms/kg/day) were implanted intraperitoneally, then @entity738 and draining lymph nodes were examined 4 days. METHODS: @entity738 sizes and composition were determined by morphometry and differential analysis. Isolated @entity738 macrophages and draining lymph nodes were assessed for cytokine production by ELISA. RESULTS: IL-10 did not effect @entity738 sizes but reduced neutrophils in type 1 @entity738 . IL-12 minimally reduced type 1 @entity738 but decreased the type 2 lesion by up to 70%, primarily curtailing eosinophils. Type 2 @entity738 macrophages were unaffected but type 1 were impaired by IL-10. Conversely, type @entity738 macrophages were more resistant to IL-12 while type 2 showed enhanced IL-10, IL-12 and TNF, but reduced MCP-I production. In lymph nodes, IL-10 caused paradoxical effects, enhancing @entity60 in the type 1 and decreasing @entity61 cytokines in the type 2 response. Exogenous IL-12 profoundly augmented @entity60 and abrogated type 2 cytokines while inhibiting intrinsic IL-12 production in lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: These findings provide novel information regarding cytokine regulation and the effects of systemic cytokine therapy.

title: Effect of slow release IL-12 and IL-10 on inflammation, local macrophage function and the regional lymphoid response during mycobacterial ( XXXX ) and schistosomal ( @entity61 ) antigen-elicited @entity358 formation.

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['GR', 'Granulomas']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary granulomas']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity630 :: (57314(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Th1']


abstract: @entity507 and its derivatives are the most rapidly acting antimalarials known to-date and are well-tolerated. All derivatives in use today are produced by semi-synthesis from @entity507 : @entity8185 is the product of the first step; more synthetic steps give rise to @entity506 , @entity15280 and arteether which are metabolised back to @entity8185 in the body. Although their residence in the body after oral administration is very short (with half-lives of < 2 hours), they can be administered once daily. By acting on ring stages, they clear peripheral parasitaemia more quickly than other antimalarial drugs and prevent the development into mature sequestering blood stages. They are effective against all @entity1 @entity311 parasites, notably multidrug-resistant @entity3964 . They have anti-transmission properties, too. So far, resistance to this class of compounds has not been reported. However, when used alone, they require long treatment courses (7 days). So, combination with long-half life drugs such as mefloquine appears to be the best approach to mutually protect both drugs against resistance. While reported in experimental animals, there is no evidence @entity2359 in @entity1 beings. Whether such event could occur after continuous or discontinuous use is not clear.

title: @entity507 and derivatives in the treatment of uncomplicated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8185 :: ('MESH:C039060', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroartemisinin']

entities_list: @entity507 :: ('MESH:C031327', 'Chemical') :: ['Artemisinin', 'artemisinin']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity506 :: ('MESH:C039726', 'Chemical') :: ['artesunate']

entities_list: @entity15280 :: ('MESH:C032942', 'Chemical') :: ['artemether']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: The amyloid P-component (AP), a ubiquitous component of amyloid fibrils, is also a plasma protein and a connective tissue constituent. Its proximity to @entity2362 , in particular, suggested that AP might serve to protect elastic tissue from hydrolytic enzymes. The inhibition of pancreatic elastase by AP has been reported. In the present study, the effects of AP on @entity1 neutrophil elastase and Pseudomonas elastase were investigated, and AP was shown to interfere with the cleavage of soluble @entity2362 . As indicated by Michaelis-Menten analysis, AP is acting as a noncompetitive inhibitor. @entity1851 , which is structurally similar to AP, had no effect on either elastase. AP was also found to inhibit the degradation of secondary amyloid fibrils by neutrophil elastase when these structures were first partially purified and then reexposed to AP. AP's ability to inhibit elastase was compared with @entity6927 antitrypsin in the presence and absence of oxidizing agents. These substances, which are released by inflammatory cells, are known to abrogate @entity6927 antitrypsin's anti-protease capacity. This contributes to elevated levels of free proteases in the circulation and extravascular spaces during severe @entity32 . AP is not susceptible to oxidation and remains a functional inhibitor under these conditions. The potential role of AP as an elastase inhibitor is discussed.

title: Inhibition of XXXX neutrophil and Pseudomonas elastases by the amyloid P-component: a constituent of elastic fibers and amyloid deposits.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) epsilon2 allele has been suggested as having a protective effect and delaying the age at onset of @entity195 . OBJECTIVE: To describe a dissociation between neuropathologic findings with normal cognition in a @entity1 with severe @entity195 with the @entity2204 epsilon2/epsilon2 genotype. DESIGN: Case report from a community-based prospective study of @entity1 90 years or older (The 90+ Study). @entity1 : A 92-year-old @entity1 without @entity303 with the @entity2204 epsilon2/epsilon2 genotype who lived independently without significant @entity73 and was a @entity1 in The 90+ Study. She died in December 2004, and postmortem examination of her brain was performed. INTERVENTION: Neurologic examination and a battery of neuropsychological tests were performed 6 months and 1 month before death. Neuropathologic examination included Braak and Braak staging for senile plaques and @entity3072 . RESULTS: Neuropathologic examination of the brain revealed @entity1442 and @entity3072 consistent with a high likelihood of @entity195 . At clinical evaluation, the @entity1 demonstrated no @entity303 and only mild @entity73 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity2204 genotype may have contributed to maintenance of cognition despite advanced neuropathologic findings of @entity195 . This case suggests that the @entity2204 epsilon2 isoform may have a protective effect against @entity73 in @entity195 that may be independent from senile plaques and @entity3072 .

title: Dissociation of neuropathologic findings and cognition: case report of an XXXX epsilon2/epsilon2 genotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANT', 'woman', 'participant', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E', 'APOE']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive or functional loss', 'cognitive deficits', 'cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary tangle disease', 'neurofibrillary tangles']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced senile plaque']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein E']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity28 Zucker @entity35 exhibits insulin resistance, develops @entity8 at an early age, and may be a model of @entity2316 . @entity2494 ( @entity2494 ) may ameliorate many of the factors that contribute to @entity2316 , while angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are known to be effective. One marker of @entity8 is the expression of @entity1918 . METHODS: We studied the effect of @entity2494 on the expression of @entity1918 in @entity28 Zucker @entity35 and compared the changes with those in a control group, a group given @entity9383 , and a group on a low-calorie diet. @entity2494 (0.6%) added to plain chow, @entity9383 (0.3 mg/kg) added to drinking water, and a low-calorie diet based on pair-feeding were administered to @entity28 @entity35 from age 4 to 20 weeks. Immunohistochemical expression of @entity1918 , a marker of @entity8 and an early indicator of @entity8 , was measured semiquantitatively in glomeruli, cortical interstitium, and medullary interstitium on a scale of 0 to 4 and was reported as mean +/- SEM. RESULTS: When compared with the @entity28 control group, @entity9383 exhibited a marked reduction in @entity1918 staining in glomeruli, cortical interstitium, and medullary interstitium (P < 0.0005); @entity2494 reduced @entity1918 staining in cortical interstitium and medullary interstitium (P < 0. 005), and a low-calorie diet reduced @entity1918 staining in cortical and medullary interstitium (P < 0.005), which was similar to the effects of @entity2494 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2494 was similar to a low-calorie diet in reducing the immunohistochemical staining of @entity1918 in @entity28 Zucker @entity35 . However, @entity9383 exerted a marked protective effect on the development of @entity82 , as indicated by @entity1918 staining, which was significantly less than that of @entity2494 at the doses studied.

title: Effects of XXXX and @entity9383 on @entity8 in @entity28 Zucker @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'interstitial and glomerular fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity9383 :: ('MESH:C041125', 'Chemical') :: ['quinapril']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA', 'Dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity1918 :: ('25365(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-smooth muscle actin']

answer: @entity2494 :: (MESH:D003687,Chemical) :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity161 experience a loss of temporal continuity or subjective fragmentation along the temporal dimension. Here, we develop the hypothesis that impaired temporal awareness results from a perturbed structuring of events in time-i.e., canonical neural dynamics. To address this, 26 @entity1 and their matched controls took part in two psychophysical studies using desynchronized audiovisual speech. Two tasks were used and compared: first, an identification task testing for multisensory binding impairments in which @entity1 reported what they heard while looking at a speaker's face; in a second task, we tested the perceived simultaneity of the same audiovisual speech stimuli. In both tasks, we used McGurk fusion and combination that are classic ecologically valid @entity10582 . First, and contrary to previous reports, our results show that @entity1 do not significantly differ from controls in their rate of illusory reports. Second, the illusory reports of @entity1 in the identification task were more sensitive to audiovisual speech desynchronies than those of controls. Third, and surprisingly, @entity1 considered audiovisual speech to be synchronized for longer delays than controls. As such, the temporal tolerance profile observed in a temporal judgement task was less of a predictor for sensory binding in @entity161 than for that obtained in controls. We interpret our results as an impairment of temporal event structuring in @entity161 which does not specifically affect sensory binding operations but rather, the explicit access to timing information associated here with audiovisual speech processing. Our findings are discussed in the context of curent neurophysiological frameworks for the binding and the structuring of sensory events in time.

title: Temporal event structure and timing in XXXX : preserved binding in a longer "now".

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity10582 :: ('MESH:D007088', 'Disease') :: ['multisensory illusions']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Alphaviruses are enveloped, insect-borne viruses, which contains a positive-sense RNA genome. The protein capsid is surrounded by a lipid membrane, which is penetrated by glycoprotein spikes. The structure of the @entity12385 (SINV) (the type virus) core protein ( @entity17938 ) was previously determined and found to have a chymotrypsin-like structure. @entity17938 is a @entity563 proteinase which cleaves itself from a polyprotein. @entity3597 ( @entity3598 ) is among the most distantly related alphaviruses to SINV. Similar to @entity17938 , autocatalysis is inhibited in SFCP after cleavage of the polyprotein by leaving the @entity1473 -terminal @entity2340 in the specificity pocket. The structures of two different crystal forms (I and II) of @entity3598 core protein (SFCP) have been determined to 3.0 A and 3.3 A resolution, respectively. The SFCP monomer backbone structure is very similar to that of @entity17938 . The dimeric association between monomers, A and B, found in two different crystal forms of @entity17938 is also present in both crystal forms of SFCP. However, a third monomer, C, occurs in SFCP crystal form I. While monomers A and B make a tail-to-tail dimer contact, monomers B and C make a head-to-head dimer contact. A hydrophobic pocket on the surface of the capsid protein, the proposed site of binding of the E2 glycoprotein, has large conformational differences with respect to @entity17938 and, in contrast to @entity17938 , is found devoid of bound peptide. In particular, Tyr184 is pointing out of the hydrophobic pocket in SFCP, whereas the equivalent @entity669 in @entity17938 is pointing into the pocket. The conformation of Tyr184, found in SFCP, is consistent with its availability for iodination, as observed in the homologous SINV cores. This suggests, by comparison with @entity17938 , that E2 binding to cores causes major conformational changes, including the burial of Tyr184, which would stabilize the intact virus on budding from an infected cell. The head-to-tail contacts found in the pentameric and hexameric associations within the virion utilize in the same monomer surface regions as found in the crystalline dimer interfaces.

title: Structure of XXXX core protein.

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity3597 :: ('11033', 'Species') :: ['Semliki Forest virus']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity3597 :: (11033,Species) :: ['Semliki Forest virus']


abstract: Between 1971 and 1974, 1665 @entity1 with primary operable @entity0 were randomized into a National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) trial (B-04) conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of several different regimens of surgical and radiation therapy. No systemic therapy was given. Cells from archival paraffin-embedded @entity5 tissue taken from 398 @entity1 were analyzed for ploidy and S-phase fraction (SPF) using flow cytometry. Characteristics and outcome of @entity1 with satisfactory DNA histograms were comparable to those from whom no satisfactory cytometric studies were available. In @entity1 with @entity5 (43%), the mean SPF was 3.4% +/- 2.3%; in the @entity2007 population (57%), the SPF was 7.9% +/- 6.3%. Only 29.9% +/- 17.3% of cells in @entity5 were @entity2007 . @entity5 were more likely than @entity5 to be of good nuclear grade (P less than 0.001) and smaller size (P equals 0.03). More @entity5 with high SPF were of poor nuclear grade than were @entity5 with low SPF (P equals 0.002). No significant difference in 10-year disease-free survival (P equals 0.3) or survival (P equals 0.1) was found between @entity1 with @entity5 . @entity1 with @entity5 had a 13% better disease-free survival (P equals 0.0006) than those with a high SPF and a 14% better survival (P equals 0.007) at 10 years than @entity1 with high SPF @entity5 . After adjustment for clinical @entity5 size, the difference in both disease-free survival and survival between @entity1 with high and @entity5 was only 10% (P equals 0.04 and 0.08, respectively). Although SPF was found to be of independent prognostic significance for disease-free survival and marginal significance for survival, it did not detect @entity1 with such a good prognosis as to preclude their receiving chemotherapy. The overall survival of @entity1 with low SPF was only 53% at 10 years. These findings and those of others indicate that additional studies are necessary before @entity5 ploidy and SPF can be used to select @entity1 who should or should not receive systemic therapy.

title: DNA flow cytometric analysis of primary operable XXXX . Relation of ploidy and S-phase fraction to outcome of @entity1 in NSABP B-04.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'diploid or aneuploid tumors', 'Diploid tumors', 'diploid tumors', 'low SPF tumors', 'aneuploid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy difference in @entity294 -predominant @entity1744 between acupuncture in terms of soothing liver and strengthening spleen and western medication. METHODS: Seventy cases were randomized into an acupuncture group and a western medication group, 35 cases in each one. In the acupuncture group, the conventional acupuncture was applied to Tianshu (ST 25), Zusanli (ST 36), Shangjuxu (ST 37), Sanyinjiao ( @entity8949 ), Taichong ( @entity8950 ), etc. The electric stimulation was added at bilateral Tianshu (ST 25). The treatment was given once a day, 3 to 4 treatments required a week. In the western medication group, Pinaverium (Dicetel) was prescribed for oral administration, 50 mg each time, 3 times a day. The treatment of 4 weeks was taken as one session. Separately, before treatment and after one session of treatment, the clinical symptom score and Irritable Bowel Syndrome Quality of Life (IBS-QOL) score were observed for the @entity1 in two groups. The efficacy and the recurrence rate were assessed in two groups. RESULTS: The symptom score and IBS-QOL score were all improved significantly after treatment in two groups (all P < 0.01). The improvements in the acupuncture group were superior to those in the western medication group (all P < 0.01). The effective rate was 94.3% (33/35) in the acupuncture group, which was better than 77.1% (27/35) in the western medication group (P < 0.01). In 3 months, the recurrence rate was 36.4% (12/33) in the acupuncture group, which was remarkably lower than 72.0% (18/25) in the western medication group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture in terms of soothing liver and strengthening spleen achieves the superior efficacy on @entity294 -predominant @entity1744 as compared with western medicine Pinaverium. It remarkably improves the quality of life for the @entity1 and reduces the recurrence rate of the disease.

title: [Comparative observation on therapeutic effects between acupuncture and western medication for @entity294 -predominant XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: A post mortem material of 11 consecutive cases of severe @entity41445 (a.a.d.) with @entity1745 is reported. The total number of @entity204 from @entity309 ( @entity309 ) during the period of 5 years was 104, and all were autopsied. Neurological symptoms correlated poorly to fatal a.a.d. @entity1158 was found in three cases, one of which, however, was caused by @entity715 cerebri. Spastic signs were transiently recorded in two @entity1 and @entity1282 in a further two. Five @entity1 had a @entity391 . A.a.d. was the sole or main cause of @entity204 in 8 cases and contributory in 2. @entity944 occurred in 7 of the cases. Only 2 cases had obtained a correct diagnosis intra vitam. The CNS findings at autopsy consisted of @entity1745 (11/11 cases), @entity602 (2/11) and @entity4 (3/11). One case had @entity573 and @entity12042 and one @entity2 with metastatic spread. Signs of active @entity32 in the @entity2720 were present in 4 cases. This study, based on systematic post mortem examinations, revealed an unexpectedly high and not previously reported incidence of fatal medulla compression in @entity309 @entity1 with a.a.d. (10%).

title: XXXX in @entity309 with atlanto-axial dislocation.

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['Hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity12042 :: ('MESH:C538249', 'Disease') :: ['renal amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['polyarteritis']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden death']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral oedema']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['history of recent vomiting']

entities_list: @entity41445 :: ('MESH:C538319', 'Disease') :: ['atlanto-axial dislocation']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord malacia']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['cord compression']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['axial joints']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['Sudden death']


abstract: We studied the concentration of mRNA from the oncogenes @entity517 and @entity1639 in @entity1 @entity977 by Northern blot hybridization (35 @entity10759 , 9 @entity2013 , 21 nonsecreting and 3 adrenocorticotrophinomas). The concentration of @entity172 and @entity1420 receptors was also investigated. The levels of @entity517 and @entity1639 mRNA was higher in nonsecreting @entity5 which were generally the largest and had a higher percentage of recurrence after surgery than the other groups. High concentration of @entity172 receptors was observed in @entity5 derived from cells which are normally the target of this hormone, mainly @entity2013 . They were also present in somatotrophic and nonsecreting @entity652 , related to the presence of prolactin or gonadotrophin cells in these @entity5 . The presence of @entity172 receptors indicates that the @entity5 cells maintain their differentiation and a good prognosis as is the case for @entity2013 . We did not find any relationship between @entity172 receptors and the concentration of @entity517 and @entity1639 oncogenes. Larger @entity652 (mainly nonsecreting) had higher levels of @entity517 and @entity1639 mRNA than the other @entity5 and they had an important percentage of recurrence after surgery. It is clear that @entity5 size is related to the outcome after surgery and that nonsecreting @entity652 are usually large because of the late diagnosis. However two large @entity10759 with extrasellar expansion also had overexpression of both oncogenes and both relapsed after surgery.

title: Expression of @entity517 and @entity1639 and binding sites for estradiol and XXXX in @entity1 @entity977 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity10759 :: ('MESH:D049912', 'Disease') :: ['somatotrophinomas']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of the Roche Kinetic Interaction of Microparticles in Solution (KIMS) screening assay for cannabinoid metabolites. Urine specimens (N = 1689) were collected during elimination of cannabinoids from 25 subjects with a history of marijuana use. Specimens were analyzed concurrently for cannabinoid metabolites by a customized Department of Defense ( @entity25739 ) cannabinoid KIMS kit (50-ng/mL cutoff) and for @entity50148 ( @entity839 - @entity1473 ) by GC- @entity15 (15-ng/mL cutoff). As compared to GC- @entity15 results, the sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency of the KIMS assay were 69.7%, 99.8%, and 88.6%, respectively. Many of the false-negative results had GC- @entity15 concentrations between 15 and 26 ng/mL (N = 151). The cannabinoid screening results for the @entity25739 samples tested by the laboratory during the same 8-month period were also evaluated. The linear regression analyses of GC- @entity15 results in the 15-50 ng/mL range and KIMS data resulted in regression coefficients of 0.689 for the research specimens and 0.546 for @entity25739 specimens. The results suggest that the KIMS cannabinoid screening assay is deficient in detecting positives around the cutoff (15-25 ng/mL @entity839 - @entity1473 ). This limitation of the KIMS cannabinoid screening method compromises the identification of true positive specimens, therefore reducing the effectiveness of the assay. The success of the @entity25739 program is dependent on sensitive and specific screening assays; the high prevalence of false-negative cannabinoid results compromises the program's primary objective of drug deterrence.

title: A comparison of Roche Kinetic Interaction of Microparticles in Solution (KIMS) assay for cannabinoids and GC- XXXX analysis for @entity50148 .

entities_list: @entity50148 :: ('MESH:C016780', 'Chemical') :: ['11-nor-9-carboxy-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: Free musculocutaneous flaps are used frequently in plastic surgery to reconstruct soft-tissue defects after @entity5 surgery and @entity130 . Despite improved surgical techniques, some of these flaps fail due to insufficient blood supply. Extradural anesthesia causes both sensory ( @entity158 relief) and sympathetic (vasodilatation) block that may be advantageous in free-flap surgery. This hypothesis, however, has not yet been studied. An experimental model in @entity1707 was developed in which clinical conditions for anesthesia and microvascular surgery on the lower extremity were simulated as closely as possible. The effects of extradural anesthesia as well as @entity2647 infusion, combined with general anesthesia, on central hemodynamics and on microcirculatory blood flow in skin and muscle of the latissimus dorsi free flap were studied. After surgery, seven animals received extradural anesthesia during stable normovolemic conditions and another seven during mild @entity3485 (10 percent @entity190 ). The @entity616 was objectively evaluated using the temporal summation test. Thirty minutes after induction of extradural anesthesia, the animals received an intravenous infusion of @entity2647 1 microgram/kg per minute over a period of 15 minutes. Multichannel laser-Doppler flowmetry was used to measure microcirculatory blood flow in skin and muscle of the free flap as well as in control skin and muscle on the same extremity simultaneously. In normovolemic animals, @entity616 caused a 10 percent decrease in mean arterial pressure and cardiac output and an approximately 20 percent decrease in microcirculatory blood flow in both the skin and muscle of the flap (all changes were nonsignificant). In slightly @entity3485 animals, however, extradural anesthesia caused a significant decrease in cardiac output (31 percent, p < 0.01), mean arterial pressure (24 percent, p < 0.01), and in mean blood flow in the flap muscle (22 percent, p < 0.05) and skin (20 percent, p < 0.05). During @entity2647 infusion, mean arterial pressure increased significantly (p < 0.05) in both @entity3485 and normovolemic animals, while cardiac output and microcirculatory blood flow in the flap remained almost unchanged. Extradural anesthesia does not improve microcirculatory blood flow in free musculocutaneous flaps in @entity1707 . It causes a significant decrease in cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, and microcirculatory blood flow in slightly @entity3485 animals. During @entity2647 infusion, the microcirculatory blood flow in free flaps slightly improves due to the increase in mean arterial pressure. We suggest that extradural anesthesia for microvascular surgery should be used with great caution until @entity1 data are available.

title: Effects of extradural anesthesia on microcirculatory blood flow in free latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flaps in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['radical cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['extradural block']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia', 'hypovolemic']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']