abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish @entity19 @entity96 cell line (Hepa1-6) and @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) with dual-modality imaging lentiviral vector transfection and monitor the development of @entity96 and dynamically tracking of hMSCs by bioluminescent imaging in vivo. METHODS: The cell lines of Hepa 1-6 and hMSCs were constructed abd tranfected with RL-eGFP and FL2-mKate2 lentiviruses respectively. Then the eGFP(+)-Hepa1-6 and mKate2(+)-hMSCs cell lines were selected by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). The bioluminescent imaging technology was employed to evaluate their bioluminescent abilities in vitro and in vivo. And the capacity of mKate2(+)-hMSCs migrating to @entity189 cell line (eGFP(+)-Hepa1-6) was evaluated by Transwell migration assay. RESULTS: DNA sequencing analysis confirmed that gene sequences of lentiviral vectors were correct without mutation. We successfully constructed the lentivirus vector, produced lentivirus and infected Hepa1-6 and hMSCs respectively. Subsequently eGFP(+)-Hepa1-6 cells and mKate2(+)-hMSCs were obtained by FACS. The expressions of fluorescent protein eGFP and mKate were confirmed by fluorescence microscope. By bioluminescent imaging system, bioluminescence intensity strongly correlated with cell number. The Transwell assay showed that hMSCs @entity189 ( @entity189 ) cells. CONCLUSION: A lentivirus vector has been successfully constructed for infecting Hepa1-6 and hMSCs and analyzed by fluorescence and bioluminescent imaging. And that makes it technically feasible to further monitor the interaction of hMSCs and @entity96 cells. These results provide rationales for further studying the mechanism of MSCs in the development and progression of @entity189 .

title: [Application of double-tagging in monitoring of tumorigenesis and tracking of mesenchymal stem cells in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'migrated toward heptocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors', 'liver cancer', 'liver tumor']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although many countries banned of its usage, @entity13440 (CF) is still one of the most commonly used @entity2961 derivative insecticides against insects and @entity2199 in agriculture and household, threatening the @entity1 and animal health by contaminating air, water, and food. Our goal was to evaluate the potential toxic effects of CF on @entity1 oocytes besides mitotic cells. Caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway was assessed by immunofluorescence and western blot techniques. Alterations in the meiotic spindle formation after CF exposure throughout the in  vitro maturation of @entity19 oocyte-cumulus complexes (COCs) were analyzed by using a 3D confocal laser microscope. Maturation efficiency and kinetics were assessed by direct observation of the COCs. Results indicated that the number of TUNEL-positive cells increased in CF-exposed groups, particularly higher doses (>250     M) in a dose-dependent fashion. The ratio of anticleaved @entity522 labeled cells in those groups positively correlated with TUNEL-positivity. Western blot analysis confirmed a significant increase in active @entity522 activity. CF caused a dose-dependent accumulation of oocytes at @entity25271 ( @entity25271 ) of meiosis. Partial loss of spindle microtubules (MTs) was noted, which consequently gave rise to a diamond shape spindle. Aberrant pericentrin foci were noted particularly in @entity25271 and metaphase-I (M-I) stages. Conclusively, CF (1) induces programmed cell death in a dose-dependent manner, and (2) alters spindle morphology most likely through a mechanism that interacts with MT assembly and/or disorientation of pericentriolar proteins. Overall, data suggest that CF could give rise to @entity204 in higher doses, therefore reduce fertilization and implantation rates.

title: XXXX Alters Centrosome and Spindle Organization, and Delays Cell Division in Oocytes and Mitotic Cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2961 :: ('CHEBI:28616', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamate']

entities_list: @entity13440 :: ('MESH:D002235', 'Chemical') :: ['carbofuran']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy or cell death']

answer: @entity13440 :: (MESH:D002235,Chemical) :: ['Carbofuran']


abstract: 1. The apparent and true @entity535 digestibilities in @entity1101 , @entity3505 , soyabean meal, meat-and-bone meal, fish meal and blood meal for growing meat @entity1573 were determined using an assay based on the collection of digesta from the terminal ileum and comparison was made with digestibility values determined using an excreta-based assay. 2. Five-week-old meat @entity1573 were given @entity2829 -soyabean meal basal diet or mixtures of the basal diet and test diets containing the 6 ingredients as the sole source of dietary protein (50:50 on weight basis). Apparent @entity535 digestibility values of assay diets at ileal and excreta levels were calculated using @entity6213 as the indigestible marker. True digestibility values were calculated using endogenous outputs determined by feeding a protein-free diet. @entity535 digestibilities of the ingredients were calculated by difference. 3. The site of measurement had no influence on endogenous @entity535 output, the exceptions being @entity2574 and @entity367 . The output of these two @entity1522 was higher in the excreta. 4. Significant differences were found between ileal and excreta-based digestibility of certain @entity1522 in some ingredients, with excreta values being usually higher than the ileal values, indicating a net catabolism of @entity1522 in the large intestine. The degree of net @entity535 disappearance was found to be variable among @entity1522 and ingredients. In general, @entity1889 had the lowest digestibility at the ileal level and, compared with other @entity1522 , the highest degredation during passage through the hindgut. 5. The results showed that digestibility determination based on excreta collection will overestimate the uptake for some @entity1522 in some feeds. The degree of overestimation was often considerable, ranging from 8.9% (apparent digestibility of @entity1889 in soyabean meal) to 56% (apparent digestibility of @entity2574 in @entity3505 ). It is concluded that digestibility values measured at the terminal ileum provide a more reliable measure of @entity535 availability than those measured in the excreta.

title: Ileal @entity535 digestibility assay for the growing meat XXXX --comparison of ileal and excreta @entity535 digestibility in the @entity1573 .

entities_list: @entity6213 :: ('MESH:C023600', 'Chemical') :: ['chromic oxide']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid', 'Amino acid']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartic acid']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: AIM: @entity170 is a significant clinical problem in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity306 ( @entity306 ), causing @entity174 with minimal @entity130 . Over the past decade, most studies examining @entity170 and @entity306 have been cross-sectional in nature, focused exclusively on @entity1 and adolescents and only involving one evaluation of @entity79 ( @entity79 ). The purpose of this study was to assess @entity79 in a group including adults with @entity306 , and changes in each individual's @entity79 over a 5- to 6-year period. METHOD: The study group included 40 residents of a long-term care facility aged 6 to 26  years at the time of their initial evaluation. Twenty-one @entity1 (52.5%) were male, 35 (88%) were white, and 38 (95%) were in Gross Motor Function Classification System level V. @entity79 was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry on the right and left distal femurs for three distinct regions of interest. RESULTS: Five residents had a @entity174 that occurred during the study period; this represented a @entity174 rate of 2.1% per year in the study group. Longitudinally, annualized change in the median @entity79 was 0.7% to 1.0% per year in the different regions of the distal femur, but ranged widely among the study group, with both increases and decreases in @entity79 . Increase in @entity79 over time was negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with change in weight. INTERPRETATION: Changes in @entity79 over time in profoundly involved @entity1 with @entity306 can range widely, which is important to recognize when evaluating potential interventions to improve @entity79 . Age and changes in body weight appear the most relevant factors.

title: Longitudinal assessment of bone growth and development in a facility-based population of young adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'CP']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['cerebral palsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study evaluated the prevalence of the @entity209 ( @entity209 ) and risk factors for metabolic derangement in young @entity2338 ( @entity2338 ). METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with @entity2338 who were treated with hormone-replacement therapy, aged 18 to 29 years, who visited the Seoul National University @entity1 's Hospital between September 2009 and February 2010 were enrolled. Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, and blood pressure were measured, and the clinical and hormonal features were reviewed retrospectively. We evaluated measures of metabolic derangement in the enrolled @entity1 and in the data of healthy adults aged 20 to 29 years taken from the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) as part of the National @entity165 Education Program-the Adult Treatment Panel III. RESULTS: Compared with the KNHANES @entity1 , @entity1 with @entity2338 had significantly large waist circumference ( @entity1 and @entity1 ), high systolic blood pressure (BP) ( @entity1 ) and diastolic BP ( @entity1 ), and high serum @entity412 levels ( @entity1 ). The duration of illness correlated significantly with @entity1144 (r(2)=0.546, P=0.003). The prevalence of @entity209 was 10% in @entity1 with @entity2338 and 2.3% in KNHANES @entity1 . The prevalence of @entity1144 and @entity209 was higher in @entity1 with @entity2338 than in KNHANES @entity1 (P<0.001 and P=0.042, respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity1144 correlated with the duration of illness in @entity1 with @entity2338 . Waist circumference should be measured in the clinic to prevent @entity209 , particularly in @entity1 with a long history of @entity2338 , regardless of age or sex.

title: Prevalence and risk factors of the XXXX in young @entity2338 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Children', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['adults with childhood-onset hypopituitary growth hormone deficiency', 'ACOHGHD']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal obesity', 'central obesity']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: @entity5731 exists in a random-coil formation at a low pH, alpha-helix at a pH above 10.6, and transforms into beta-sheet when the alpha-helix @entity7055 is heated. Each conformation is clearly distinguishable in the @entity6346 -I band of the infrared spectrum. The thermotropic alpha-to-beta transition was studied by using differential scanning calorimetry. At pH 10.6, the transition temperature was 43.5 degrees C and the transition enthalpy was 170 cal/mol residue. At pH 11.85, the measurements were 36.7 degrees C and 910 cal/mol residue, respectively. Volatile anesthetics ( @entity3636 , @entity1508 , @entity5161 and @entity4488 ) partially transformed alpha-helix @entity7055 into beta-sheet. The transformation was reversed by the application of hydrostatic pressure in the range of 100-350 atm. Apparently, the alpha-to-beta transition was induced by anesthetics through partial dehydration of the peptide side-chains (beta-sheet surface is less hydrated than alpha-helix). High pressure reversed this process by re-hydrating the peptide. Because the membrane spanning domains of channel and receptor proteins are predominantly in the alpha-helix conformation, anesthetics may suppress the activity of excitable cells by transforming them into a less than optimal structure for electrogenic ion transport and neurotransmission. Proteins and lipid membranes maintain their structural integrity by interaction with water. That which attenuates the interaction will destabilize the structure. These data suggest that anesthetics alter macromolecular conformations essentially by a solvent effect, thereby destroying the solvation water shell surrounding macromolecules.

title: The alpha-helix to beta-sheet transition in XXXX : effects of anesthetics and high pressure.

entities_list: @entity5731 :: ('CHEBI:61490', 'Chemical') :: ['Poly(L-lysine)']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity4488 :: ('MESH:D004737', 'Chemical') :: ['enflurane']

entities_list: @entity7055 :: ('MESH:D011107', 'Chemical') :: ['polylysine']

answer: @entity5731 :: (CHEBI:61490,Chemical) :: ['poly(L-lysine)']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Whether resection of the primary @entity5 is of benefit to @entity1 with incurable @entity5 ( @entity5 ) remains a matter of debate. In this study we analyse prospectively recorded data from a national cohort. METHOD: Among 4831 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5 between 1997 and 2001, 838 (17%) @entity1 were treated with palliative surgery. @entity1 were stratified according to disease stage, age and type of surgery. RESULTS: A significantly longer median survival, 12 (range 10-13) months, was observed in @entity1 treated with resection of the primary @entity5 compared with 5 (range 4-6) months in @entity1 treated with nonresective procedures (P < 0.001). Median survival in months was significantly (P < 0.001) related to age (13; < 60 years of age, 10; 60 to 69 years, 7; 70 to 79 years, 6; >/= 80 years of age). In @entity1 over 80 years, survival was similar regardless of the treatment. Thirty-day mortality varied from 2.5% to 20%, according to age groups. CONCLUSION: The longer survival observed in @entity1 with resection of the primary @entity5 may partly be explained by @entity1 selection. Elderly @entity1 (>/= 80 years) had a similar survival, irrespective of resection of the primary @entity5 or not. Careful consideration of the individual @entity1 , extent of disease and treatment-related factors are important in decision-taking for palliative treatment for @entity1 with advanced @entity5 .

title: Palliative surgery for XXXX in a national cohort.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['RC', 'rectal cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the therapeutic potential of emergent laparoscopy in the @entity130 setting, a retrospective review was performed in a busy urban @entity130 center. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between December 1991 and October 1993, 133 hemodynamically stable @entity1 with suspected @entity3511 were evaluated laparoscopically. All laparoscopic procedures were performed in the operating room under general anesthesia. @entity130 was stab wound (58), gunshot wound (57), and blunt @entity130 (18). No significant injuries were found in 72 @entity1 (54%), and these @entity1 received no further treatment. On the basis of laparoscopic findings, 52 @entity1 underwent formal exploratory laparotomy. Surgical exploration confirmed the presence of significant injuries in 44 of the 52 @entity1 (85%). Therapeutic laparoscopy was performed in 6 @entity1 (5%) for diaphragm repair (4), gastrotomy repair (1), and splenorrhaphy (1). Additionally, 10 @entity1 underwent laparoscopy-guided blood salvage for autotransfusion during laparoscopic evaluation of blunt @entity130 . Three @entity29 were repaired during minilaparotomy. RESULTS: No significant injuries were missed as a result of our use of laparoscopy in @entity130 assessment. Complications--trocar enterotomy, trocar laceration of the inferior epigastric artery, and transient @entity551 --occurred in 3 @entity1 secondary to the use of laparoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity130 laparoscopy is a safe method for the evaluation of selected @entity1 with @entity1661 and can reduce the number of negative and nontherapeutic @entity130 laparotomies performed. Limited therapeutic intervention is possible in a small number of @entity1 .

title: Therapeutic laparoscopy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['small-bowel enterotomies']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'Mechanism of injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity370 is a chronic @entity358 of unknown origin. The accumulation of activated T cells at sites of @entity32 represents an early stage in @entity738 formation. Since mechanisms governing the normal resolution of inflammatory processes are poorly understood, this study aimed to investigate the apoptotic phenotype of peripheral blood and lung T lymphocytes from @entity1 with @entity370 . METHODS: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in 10 @entity1 with active @entity370 and five healthy controls. RESULTS: Virtually no lymphocyte apoptosis, as determined by @entity4404 or Hoechst staining, was seen in either @entity1 or controls. Sustained @entity522 activity in non-apoptotic BAL fluid lymphocytes of the @entity1 was detected, however, in agreement with in vitro studies demonstrating caspase activation after T cell receptor (TCR) triggering as a physiological response required for efficient T cell activation. Only 11.0% (range 7.7-17.6) of the BAL lymphocytes from @entity370 @entity1 were @entity4404 positive after exposure to the apoptotic stimulus tributyltin compared with 55.0% (range 42.0-62.0) of BAL lymphocytes from healthy controls (p<0.001). After anti-Fas treatment only 8.5% (range 6-10) of BAL fluid lymphocytes from @entity1 but 45.5% (range 38-62) from healthy controls were apoptotic. CONCLUSION: BAL fluid lymphocytes from @entity1 with @entity370 display a non-apoptotic morphology associated with endogenous @entity522 activity. They seem to be resistant to apoptosis, which might contribute to the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the lungs, persistence of @entity32 , and the development and maintenance of @entity738 .

title: Apoptosis resistant bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid lymphocytes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous lung disease']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: A cold-labile @entity2227 dehydrogenase (GDH, EC 1.4.1.3) has been purified to homogeneity from the crude extracts of @entity25374 . The purified enzyme shows a dual coenzyme specificity, and both the @entity1110 and @entity2125 -dependent activities are equally cold-sensitive. The enzyme is highly specific for the substrates @entity15706 and @entity2227 . Kinetic studies with GDH indicate that the enzyme is primarily designed to catalyse the reductive amination of @entity15706 . The @entity1110 +-linked activity of GDH showed Km values 2.5 X 10(-4) M and 1.0 X 10(-2) M for @entity15706 and @entity2227 respectively. @entity2125 +-linked activity of GDH could be demonstrated only for the amination of @entity15706 but not for the deamination of @entity2227 . The Lineweaver-Burk plot with @entity3265 as substrate for @entity1110 -dependent activity shows a biphasic curve, indicating two apparent Km values (0.38 mM and 100 mM) for @entity3265 ; the same plot for @entity2125 -dependent activity shows only one apparent Km value (66 mM) for @entity3265 . The @entity1110 -dependent activity shows an optimum pH from 8.5 to 8.6 in Tris/HCl buffer, whereas in @entity17500 buffer the activity shows a plateau from pH 8.4 to 10.0. At high pH (greater than 9.5) @entity1522 in general strongly inhibit the reductive amination reaction by their competition with @entity15706 for the binding site on GDH. The native enzyme has a Mr = 285000 +/- 20000 and appears to be composed of six identical subunits of Mr = 48000 +/- 2000. The GDH level in A. brasilense is strongly regulated by the @entity1568 source in the growth medium.

title: @entity1110 / @entity2125 -dependent cold-labile XXXX dehydrogenase in @entity25374 . Purification and properties.

entities_list: @entity25374 :: ('192', 'Species') :: ['Azospirillum brasilense']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity17500 :: ('MESH:C013216', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity15706 :: ('MESH:C029743', 'Chemical') :: ['2-oxoglutarate']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the minimum number of lymph nodes that should be examined for the UICC/AJCC @entity2802 classification of @entity356 . METHODS: The clinical and pathological data of four hundred and thirty-six @entity1 underwent curative resection for @entity356 were analyzed by Chi-square and Student-Newman-Keuls test. RESULTS: The pN0 @entity1 with 1 to 4, 5 to 9 examined nodes showed significantly lower survival rate than those with 10 to 14, 15 or more examined nodes (P < 0.05), and the @entity1 with 10 to 14 examined nodes had as good a prognosis as those with 15 or more examined nodes. In the @entity3121 , @entity477 categories, the @entity1 with 1 to 4, 5 to 9 and 10 to 14 examined nodes tended toward significantly lower survival rates than those with 15 or more examined nodes (P < 0.05). Among the @entity1 who were classified as stage II, the survival rate of those with 10 to 19 examined nodes was significantly lower than that with 20 or more examined nodes. Among the @entity1 classified as stage III, those with 5 to 9, 10 to 19 and 20 to 29 examined nodes had significantly lower survival rates than those with 30 or more examined nodes (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The number of lymph nodes examined has significant prognostic impact within each pN category of @entity356 . The minimum number of lymph nodes to examine in order to determine pN0 classification can be reduced from 15 to 10. For @entity5 with lymph node @entity3 , the minimum number should be 15. In stage II, 20 or more nodes should be examined, and in stage III and IV 30 or more.

title: [The study of the minimum number of examined lymph nodes for the XXXX classification of @entity356 ].

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity2802 :: (10178,Gene) :: ['TNM']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Chikungunya is a rapidly spreading infectious disease throughout the Caribbean, reaching epidemic proportions in Suriname, with more than 1200 registered cases in 2014. Similar to dengue, classic symptoms are high @entity221 , @entity1910 and @entity4841 . However, the presentation differs in adults and @entity1 . At the Academic Hospital Paramaribo in Suriname, three @entity1 had different presentations of @entity12517 . An 11-year-old @entity1 was referred to the paediatric centre with @entity221 of 40.5  C, @entity158 knees and a @entity1910 on face and arms. Koplik spots were visible on the inside of @entity3250 . A 13-year-old @entity1 attended the ER with @entity221 and a state of reduced @entity1662 . Physical examination revealed @entity551 , @entity591 and @entity221 . No @entity1910 was observed. A 2.5-month-old baby with @entity221 , @entity391 , @entity294 and a @entity1910 was brought to the ER. She was agitated and had signs of @entity693 . The symptoms resolved quickly in all @entity1 after rehydration and @entity158 medication.

title: [Chikungunya in XXXX .]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity12517 :: ('MESH:D065632', 'Disease') :: ['chikungunya']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningism']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fever', 'acute-onset fever']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Long considered a single clinical entity, essential @entity101 is now recognized as a heterogeneous spectrum of pathophysiologic disturbances, based on extensive clinical, pharmacologic and biochemical evidence. Two distinctly different mechanisms for long-term vasoconstriction can be identified and quantified in the spectrum of @entity1 with essential @entity101 , although the causes of this group of disorders are still obscure. The first vasoconstrictor mechanism is @entity916 -angiotensin mediated and involves an increase in vascular smooth muscle cytosolic free @entity460 mobilized from intracellular sites. The degree of activity of this mechanism can be assessed by plasma @entity916 level and/or by the @entity551 response to circulating anti- @entity916 -system drugs (such as CEI inhibitors and beta blockers). The second vasoconstrictor mechanism, on the other hand, is @entity916 -independent. It appears to require antecedent renal @entity1372 retention and to be related to abnormal membrane influx of @entity460 . A low plasma @entity916 level identifies this kind of vasoconstriction, which is also characterized by a low serum ionized @entity460 . Low- @entity916 vasoconstriction is correctable by @entity1372 depletion or by @entity460 channel or alpha adrenergic blockade. Depending on the state of @entity1372 balance, these two vasoconstrictor mechanisms contribute reciprocally to maintenance of arteriolar tone in models of experimental @entity101 , normotensive and @entity101 @entity1 , and in the vasoconstriction of @entity4 states, such as @entity712 . One of the two mechanisms also sustains diastolic @entity101 in the experimental and clinical forms of @entity2792 and @entity1368 . Thus, both experimentally and clinically, at the polar extremes of the range of plasma @entity916 values, one of the two mechanisms predominates: it is possible that, in the medium range of @entity916 values, both mechanisms contribute to vasoconstriction. In our proposed unifying, analytic model, arteriolar vasoconstriction is associated with increased intracellular @entity460 and decreased @entity1760 levels in vascular smooth muscle. In the vasoconstriction consequent to @entity1372 -volume expansion, cytosolic @entity460 is increased by an increased membrane influx. In @entity916 -mediated vasoconstriction, receptor-operated channels mobilize cytosolic @entity460 instead from intracellular stores. These interrelationships provide a basis for stratifying @entity101 @entity1 pathophysiologically and for applying simpler, more specific, and more rational therapies. Thus, the array of modern pharmacologic agents can often be rationally directed at one or the other, or both, of these two vasoconstrictor mechanisms.

title: Recognizing and treating two types of long-term vasoconstriction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['primary aldosteronism']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: In the past few years, great progress has been made in the understanding of @entity1020 . A number of disease-causing genes have been cloned, and numerous loci for other conditions have been mapped. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the current understanding of the genotype-phenotype correlations in @entity74 with an emphasis on differential diagnostic issues. Whenever possible, the molecular correlates have been reviewed and the implications for age-related @entity1020 have been discussed. The many similarities of these diseases to age-related @entity1020 of the @entity3202 or exudative type, which can be misleading in elderly subjects, have also been addressed. While some conditions yield disease truly confined to the macula, others show widespread retinal involvement on functional testing. Clear-cut genotype-phenotype correlations are possible only for some forms of @entity1020 . To further complicate the diagnostic process, there is a considerable degree of clinical overlap between many of them, making the differential diagnostic process potentially challenging. Functional testing, careful assessment of family history and extensive family work-up are essential in differentiating at the clinical level most, but not all, of these disease entities. Awareness of all of these conditions is required to direct correctly diagnostic investigations, to formulate an accurate prognosis, and for proper genetic counseling.

title: Genotype-phenotype correlations and differential diagnosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular diseases', 'macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant macular diseases']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['autosomal dominant macular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Although posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) for @entity179 is routine, there are few reports on double-level PLIF. PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of double-level PLIF. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: A retrospective study of operated cases in Gifu, Japan. @entity1 SAMPLE: Nineteen @entity1 (8 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 , 59.5+/-10.2 years) who underwent double-level PLIF between 1996 and 2001. OUTCOME MEASURES: Operation time, @entity190 , complications, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score for back @entity158 and lumbar sagittal alignment were evaluated. METHODS: @entity1 were examined retrospectively at follow-ups of 3.6+/-1.7 years. Primary diseases were spondylolisthesis, @entity612 , @entity179 and herniated @entity1798 . Fusion areas were L3 to L5 in 15 cases and L4 to S1 in 4 cases. RESULTS: The mean JOA score increased from an initial score of 12.9+/-3.5 to 21.3+/-4.9 at the final follow-up. There was a positive correlation (R=0.718, p<.001) between the increase in lordotic angle and the increase in the JOA score. Several parameters suggested that the surgical invasiveness was not minimal. CONCLUSION: Double-level PLIF provided satisfactory results and preserved lumbar spine @entity1515 .

title: Two-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion for @entity179 : improved clinical outcome with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENT', 'men']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal canal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative scoliosis', 'degenerative lumbar diseases']

entities_list: @entity1798 :: ('MESH:C535531', 'Disease') :: ['intervertebral disc']

answer: @entity1515 :: (MESH:D008141,Disease) :: ['restoration of lumbar lordosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND / OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to compare the Quality of Life (QoL) of Sardinian immigrants to Argentina with Sardinians residing in Sardinia. The hypothesis was that a different availability of effective treatments for @entity1316 may impact the well being of @entity1 with these disorders. METHODS: One out of five families of Sardinian origin was randomly selected. An Italian study (including Sardinia) was adopted as the control. The Mood Disorder Questionnaire was used for screening @entity162 /hypomania; the diagnosis of Current @entity308 was conducted by means of the @entity1 Health Questionnaire in immigrants and by means of a clinical interview in the control study and in an immigrant subsample (to verify comparability); the Short-Form Health Survey-12 was applied to measure QoL. RESULTS: The Sardinian immigrants showed a higher QoL than Italians in Italy (but not with Sardinians residing in Sardinia). On the contrary, the attributable burden worsening QoL due to lifetime @entity162 /hypomanic episodes, as well as to current @entity308 , was found higher among Sardinian immigrants with respect to both Sardinian residents in Sardinia and the total Italian sample. The use of effective treatment for @entity1316 was higher in Italy. CONCLUSION: The study found that in a sample of Sardinian immigrants in Buenos Aires the impact of a @entity1316 affects QoL more incisively than in Sardinians residing in Sardinia. The suggested hypothesis of a possible role of beliefs guiding the search for treatments will be verified in future studies.

title: Quality of Life of Sardinian Immigrants in Buenos Aires and of XXXX Living in Italy and Sardinia: Does the Kind of Care have a Role for @entity1 with @entity308 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder', 'mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive episodes', 'Major Depressive Disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['People']


abstract: We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate an @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ), applied to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid samples obtained in @entity1 with suspected @entity55 , for the detection of @entity328 pneumoniae antigen. The NOW @entity328 test was assessed on 96 BAL fluid samples. Sensitivity was tested in 20 samples obtained from @entity1 diagnosed as having @entity2258 (growth of @entity2260 in blood cultures and/or in BAL fluid samples of > or =10(4) CFU/ml). Specificity was tested in BAL fluid samples of nonpneumococcal etiology (n = 41) and in samples with no respiratory pathogen and a total bacterial count of <10(4) CFU/ml (n = 35). Using the @entity1062 , pneumococcal antigen was detected in 29 (30.2%) BAL fluid samples, with a sensitivity of 95.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90.6% to 99.4%) and a specificity of 86.8% (95% CI, 80.1% to 93.8%). The @entity1062 was easy to perform and revealed unequivocal and reproducible results. No interference was observed with high cell counts, red blood cells, or elevated protein levels. Four out of 10 false-positive readings occurred in samples with @entity2260 counts below the 10(4) CFU/ml threshold limit of @entity55 . In BAL fluid samples obtained after @entity2259 , positive test results were found for up to 35 days after @entity2259 . The @entity1062 test applied to BAL fluid specimens is reproducible and accurate in the diagnosis of pneumococcal antigen. Further studies are required to establish the impact of the @entity1062 on @entity1 care.

title: Detection of XXXX pneumoniae antigen in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples by a rapid immunochromatographic membrane assay.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['ICT', 'immunochromatographic membrane test']

entities_list: @entity2258 :: ('MESH:D011018', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus', 'Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal bacteremia', 'bacteremia']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present the controversies regarding adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy or hormonal therapy in @entity1 with @entity0 , and to evaluate the use of prognostic factors in identifying @entity1 with @entity0 who will benefit from adjuvant therapy. DATA SOURCE: A MEDLINE search was performed to identify pertinent primary literature and review articles. Articles also were identified through Current Contents, textbooks, and bibliographies of selected articles. DATA EXTRACTION: The most recent clinical trials that evaluated cytotoxic chemotherapy or hormonal therapy in @entity1 with @entity0 were chosen. Recent review articles and clinical trials that analyzed prognostic factors also were evaluated. DATA SYNTHESIS: The treatment of @entity1 with @entity0 remains controversial. Approximately 60-80% of @entity1 with this diagnosis will be alive 10 years after initial treatment without adjuvant therapy. The use of chemotherapy or hormonal therapy in node-negative disease increased after the 1988 National Cancer Institute Clinical Alert. Since that time, the research in @entity0 has focused on identifying prognostic factors and evaluating new treatment regimens. It is hoped that prognostic factors will help direct treatment decisions by identifying subgroups of @entity1 who may benefit from adjuvant therapy. Prognostic factors currently being evaluated include @entity5 size, hormonal receptors, ploidy status, S-phase fraction, and @entity10815 . CONCLUSIONS: Many @entity1 with @entity0 will be cured by local therapy alone. Even so, up to 58% of node-negative @entity1 may develop recurrent disease. Reduction of @entity0 recurrence in @entity1 with @entity0 has been documented as a result of adjuvant chemotherapy or @entity440 . Of utmost priority is the identification of @entity1 with @entity0 at highest risk for recurrence so that they may receive appropriate adjuvant therapy with curative intent, while sparing @entity1 at lower risk for recurrence the toxic effects and financial burden incurred by unnecessary adjuvant treatment.

title: Adjuvant therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['node-negative breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['node-negative breast cancer']


abstract: Three therapeutic modalities have been advocated in the management of @entity5513 : observation, surgery, and radiosurgery. Although surgery is still considered conventional treatment, at times the management can be controversial. The objectives of this article are to assess the results of each of these treatment modalities in a tertiary care @entity5513 referral setting. The methodology chosen was to group the @entity1 along the initial intent to treat and then to see the results obtained. A total of 51 @entity1 followed in the Skull Base Clinic of the McGill University Health Centre were included. The intent to treat was as follows: observation, 22 @entity1 ; surgery, 26 @entity1 ; and radiosurgery, 3 @entity1 . The results showed that 50% of those followed by observation demonstrated growth and required surgery or radiotherapy. Surgical results, in terms of facial nerve outcome, varied with @entity5 size but also improved dramatically with the introduction of facial nerve monitoring and a multidisciplinary approach. In small and medium-size @entity5 (< 30 mm), intent to treat by observation or by surgery (with intraoperative monitoring) yielded similar results. The limitations of this study are discussed. In the future, a prospective multicentric study may help better in assessing the value of the various management options.

title: XXXX : outcome study.

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuromas', 'acoustic neuroma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['Acoustic neuroma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Groups of nonrefractory @entity1 with @entity161 , taking antipsychotics other than @entity1088 , show distinct trajectories of treatment response over time. Whether similar patterns of response occur with @entity1088 -treated @entity1 remains uncertain. METHOD: We used a cluster analysis approach for longitudinal data (k-means longitudinal) to analyze individual @entity1 data from 2 pivotal studies of @entity1088 , compared with @entity2644 . Trajectories and symptom severity were examined in a younger, less chronic, mixed-sample (study 16, n = 100) and in treatment-refractory (study 30, n = 257) @entity1 . RESULTS: Early-good and delayed-partial trajectory groups were observed, with the early-good trajectory group comprised of 73/100 (73.0%) from the mixed @entity1 study, and 147/257 (57.2%) refractory @entity1 . In the mixed @entity1 sample, the distribution of @entity1088 and @entity2644 treatments did not differ between the early-good and delayed-partial trajectory groups; in refractory @entity1 proportionately more @entity1088 treatment was present in the early-good (87/147, 59.2%), compared with the delayed-partial (35/110, 31.8%), trajectory group. In the early-good trajectory group, improvement in mean symptom severity was 63% in mixed-study @entity1 . @entity1088 resistance appeared to be present in 10/50 (20.0%) mixed-study @entity1 , and in 35/122 (28.9%) refractory @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Early-good and delayed-partial response trajectories are seen in @entity1088 studies. The advantage of @entity1088 over @entity2644 is seen most clearly in previous refractory @entity1 , within the early-good trajectory group. Good and partial or poor responders to @entity1088 may merit further investigation.

title: Response Trajectories to XXXX in a Secondary Analysis of Pivotal Trials Support Using Treatment Response to Subtype @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['Clozapine', 'clozapine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

answer: @entity1088 :: (MESH:D003024,Chemical) :: ['Clozapine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The common late complications of foreign body aspiration include granulation formation, @entity55 , and @entity891 . However, a foreign body-induced @entity281 is very rare, and especially when it is not iatrogenic. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 64-year-old Chinese @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with @entity326 and @entity1576 requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. Computed tomography revealed multiloculated @entity1143 on the whole right side and @entity358 , with enhanced thickening and @entity730 and a foreign body in the right intermediate bronchus. The effusion appeared as a cloudy fluid consistent with pus. A bedside bronchoscopy revealed an irregular foreign body lodged in the right intermediate bronchus. The hard bone was removed and confirmed to be a soft-shelled turtle bone. A final diagnosis of foreign body-induced @entity3509 , @entity1576 , and @entity326 was confirmed. The @entity1 showed good recovery after completing a course of broad-spectrum antibiotics and undergoing chest tube drainage. DISCUSSION AND EVALUATION: Although @entity3509 has been reported previously as a rare complication of long-term retention of an aspirated foreign body, no case has been observed that was as serious as our current @entity1 . In addition, a foreign body aspiration by a soft-shelled turtle bone was never reported before. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, we describe the successful treatment of an adult @entity1 presenting with @entity3509 , accompanied by serious conditions of @entity1576 and @entity326 induced by aspiration of a soft-shelled turtle bone. Clinicians should consider the possibility of non-iatrogenic foreign body-induced @entity3509 with acute onset of @entity1576 , when a @entity1 's symptoms cannot be attributed to an alternative obvious cause.

title: @entity3509 , @entity1576 , and XXXX after aspiration of a soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) bone by an adult.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification of pleura']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['pleural infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['right lung atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure', 'acute respiratory failure']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: AIM: To examine the significance of branched-chain @entity3689 (BCAA) treatment before transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for @entity157 ( @entity157 ). METHODS: This study included 99 @entity1 who underwent TACE therapy for @entity157 at our hospital and were followed up without treatment for at least 6 mo between January 2004 and January 2010. They were divided into 2 groups: those receiving BCAA granules (n = 40) or regular diet (n = 59, control). Data obtained were retrospectively analyzed (prior to TACE, and 1 wk, 1, 3, and 6 mo after TACE) in terms of nutritional condition and clinical laboratory parameters (serum albumin level and @entity1 -Pugh score), both of which are determinants of hepatic functional reserve. RESULTS: The BCAA group comprised 27 males and 13 females with a mean age of 69.9    8.8 years. The @entity1 of the BCAA group were classified as follows: @entity1 -Pugh A/B/C in 22/15/3 @entity1 , and Stage II/III/IVA @entity157 in 12/23/5 @entity1 , respectively. The control group comprised 32 males and 27 females with a mean age of 73.2    10.1 years. In the control group, 9 @entity1 had @entity3619 , @entity1 -Pugh A/B/C in 39/10/1 @entity1 , and StageI/II/III/IVA @entity157 in 1/11/35/12 @entity1 , respectively. Overall, both serum albumin level and @entity1 -Pugh score improved significantly in the BCAA group as compared with the control 3 and 6 mo after TACE (P < 0.05). Further analysis was performed by the following categorization: (1) @entity1 -Pugh classification; (2) liver @entity82 subgroup with a serum albumin level > 3.5 g/dL; and (3) @entity1259 dose. A similar trend indicating a significant improvement of all variables in the BCAA group was noted (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Treatment with BCAA granules in @entity1 who have undergone TACE for @entity157 is considered useful to maintain their hepatic functional reserve.

title: Branched-chain @entity3689 treatment before transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of proton beam therapy for pediatric @entity1 with @entity424 . METHODS: Proton beam therapy was conducted for six @entity1 (three @entity1 and three @entity1 ; age, 2-6 years; median, 5 years) with @entity424 . The @entity5 were WHO grades 2 and 3 in two and four @entity1 , respectively. All @entity1 underwent surgery (subtotal and gross total resection in three @entity1 each) and proton beam therapy at doses of 50.4-61.2 GyE (median, 56.7 GyE). The mean doses to normal brain tissue in proton beam therapy and photon radiotherapy were simulated using the same treatment planning computed tomography images. RESULTS: All @entity1 completed the planned irradiation. The follow-up period was 13-44 months (median, 24.5 months) from completion of proton beam therapy and all @entity1 were alive at the end of this period. Local recurrence in the treatment field occurred in one @entity1 at 4 months after proton beam therapy at 50.4 GyE. @entity1665 and mild @entity1909 occurred in all @entity1 , but there was no severe @entity137 . One @entity1 had a once-off @entity410 after proton beam therapy and @entity1665 persisted in another @entity1 for 31 months, but no @entity1 had difficulty with daily life. The simulation showed that proton beam therapy reduces the dose to normal brain tissue by approximately half compared with photon radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Proton beam therapy for @entity424 is safe, does not have specific @entity137 , and can reduce irradiation of normal brain tissue.

title: Proton beam therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1665 :: ('MESH:D000505', 'Disease') :: ['Alopecia', 'alopecia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma', 'pediatric ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity424 :: (MESH:D004806,Disease) :: ['pediatric ependymoma']


abstract: @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) is an @entity792 manifested by the production of autoantibodies which leads to an array of clinical symptoms. Among these autoantibodies, anti-DNA antibodies play a major role, since resulted DNA/anti-DNA immune complexes( @entity2337 ) cause @entity631 and other @entity792 in @entity1252 . In this report, spectrotypes of anti-DNA antibodies of IgG, IgA and IgM classes, and @entity2337 were studied by isoelectric focusing. The size of @entity2337 was also studied. Anti-DNA autoantibodies in the sera of @entity1252 @entity1 were found mainly in IgG class, however, those of IgA and IgM classes were detected as minor subpopulations. By electrofocusing, both IgA and IgM anti-DNA antibodies were focused to relatively restricted acidic regions. In contrast, IgG anti-DNA antibodies were focused to two distinct pH regions; one was the acidic region similar to that IgA and IgM antibodies migrated (pH 3.2 to 6.0), and the other to far basic region between pH range of 7.8 and 10.0. @entity2337 was focused to the same basic region as a fraction of IgG migrated. Anti-DNA antibodies of IgG class, especially those focused to alkaline pH region (cationic antibodies) bound to @entity815 (PH) column with high affinity. From these results, it was inferred that anti-DNA antibodies of IgG classes, especially those having high basic charge (cationic antibodies) showed a tendency to form @entity2337 and that the cationic antibodies may participate in the pathogenesis of @entity3145 , especially of @entity631 , in @entity1252 .

title: [Analysis of anti-DNA antibody in sera from XXXX with @entity1252 by isoelectric focusing with respect to autoantibody isotype and immune complex].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue injury']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'Systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune local lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A trans-ethnic meta-analysis of @entity164 2 @entity6 genome-wide association studies has identified seven novel susceptibility variants in or near @entity62330 , @entity54909 / @entity2199 , @entity44288 , @entity4729 / @entity28372 , @entity62331 , @entity62332 and @entity62333 / @entity23507 . The aim of our study was to investigate associations between these novel risk variants and @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity6 in a Danish population-based study with measurements of plasma @entity413 and serum insulin after an oral @entity413 tolerance test in order to elaborate on the physiological impact of the variants. METHODS: Case-control analyses were performed in up to 5,777 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and 7,956 individuals with normal fasting @entity413 levels. Quantitative trait analyses were performed in up to 5,744 Inter99 @entity1 na  ve to @entity413 -lowering medication. Significant associations between @entity62330 - @entity62334 and the beta cell measures insulinogenic index and disposition index and between @entity44288 - @entity62335 and 2-hour serum insulin levels were selected for further investigation in additional Danish studies and results were combined in meta-analyses including up to 6,486 Danes. RESULTS: We confirmed associations with @entity164 2 @entity6 for five of the seven SNPs ( @entity62330 - @entity62334 , @entity44288 - @entity62335 , @entity4729 / @entity28372 - @entity62336 , @entity62332 - @entity62337 and @entity62333 / @entity23507 - @entity62338 ). The @entity164 2 @entity6 risk C-allele of @entity62330 - @entity62334 associated with decreased disposition index (n=5,181, b=-0.042, p=0.012) and insulinogenic index (n=5,181, b=-0.032, p=0.043) in Inter99 and these associations remained significant in meta-analyses including four additional Danish studies (disposition index n=6,486, b=-0.042, p=0.0044; and insulinogenic index n=6,486, b=-0.037, p=0.0094). The @entity164 2 @entity6 risk G-allele of @entity44288 - @entity62335 associated with increased levels of 2-hour serum insulin (n=5,547, b=0.055, p=0.017) in Inter99 and also when combining effects with three additional Danish studies (n=6,260, b=0.062, p=0.0040). CONCLUSION: Studies of @entity164 2 @entity6 intermediary traits suggest the diabetogenic impact of the C-allele of @entity62330 - @entity62334 is mediated through reduced beta cell function. The impact of the @entity6 risk G-allele of @entity44288 - @entity62335 on increased 2-hour insulin levels is however unexplained.

title: The Type 2 Diabetes Risk Allele of @entity62330 - XXXX Associates with Decreased Beta Cell Function in a Study of 6,486 Danes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['pre-diabetic traits', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity62334 :: (rs6813195,SNP) :: ['rs6813195']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity101 is the most important modifiable cause of @entity64 . The Canadian @entity101 Educational Program, representing Canada's experts in the field of @entity101 , publishes annual evidence-based recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of @entity101 . METHODS: We present the 2005 Canadian @entity101 Educational Program guidelines regarding the management of @entity101 in @entity1 with @entity64 . RESULTS: The diagnosis of @entity101 should be expedited and can be made as early as the second visit in @entity1 with @entity64 . Unless contraindicated, a combination of @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors and diuretics is the preferred therapy in these @entity1 . A target blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg for non- @entity6 @entity1 , below 130 mmHg/80 mmHg for @entity6 @entity1 and below 125 mmHg/75 mmHg for those with @entity8 and @entity644 (> 1 gram per day) should be reached. Lifestyle interventions may be as effective as medication and should be used in conjunction with medical management. Waist circumference should be less than 102 cm for @entity1 and 88 cm for @entity1 . There remains uncertainty about the management of high blood pressure in the context of @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: A combination of @entity1289 -inhibitors and diuretics is recommended in hypertensive @entity64 @entity1 . Blood pressure should be maintained below 140/90 mmHg.

title: @entity101 and XXXX : 2005 Canadian @entity101 Educational Program recommendations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting-enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: Meta-analyses of the published literature suggest a survival benefit to adjuvant chemotherapy for high-grade @entity816 , which individual small trials have been unable to demonstrate reliably. The Medical Research Council @entity1313 Working Party initiated the largest randomized trial of adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity11 in an attempt to provide a definitive answer. @entity1 AND METHODS: After surgery, @entity1 aged < or = 70 years, with World Health Organization grade 3 or 4 @entity816 , were randomized to radiotherapy alone (RT) or RT plus @entity4174 , @entity11770 , and @entity1891 ( @entity1485 ) chemotherapy (RT- @entity1485 ) given at 6-week intervals to a maximum of 12 courses ( @entity4174 100 mg/m2 days 1 to 10, @entity11770 100 mg/m2 day 1, and @entity1891 1.5 mg/m2 (max 2 mg) day 1). A neuropathology panel independently reviewed all cases. To reliably detect a 10% increase in 2-year survival (from 15% to 25%), 600 @entity1 were required. RESULTS: Between September 1988 and May 1997, 15 United Kingdom centers randomized 674 @entity1 (RT = 339 @entity1 ; RT- @entity1485 = 335 @entity1 ). With a median follow-up for survivors of 3 years, 617 @entity1 have died, (RT = 310 @entity1 ; RT- @entity1485 = 307 @entity1 ). Median survival was 9.5 months for RT and 10 months for RT- @entity1485 (hazard ratio = 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.81 to 1.11; log-rank P = .50). Tests for interaction revealed no significant differences in treatment effect according to @entity5 grade, age, performance status, or extent of neurosurgery. CONCLUSION: This trial shows no benefit to @entity1485 chemotherapy, and current data exclude an increase in median survival of more than 10 weeks and in a 1- or 2-year survival rate of more than 7% to 8%. This suggests that no-chemotherapy control arms remain ethical in randomized trials in high-grade @entity816 .

title: Randomized trial of XXXX , @entity11770 , and @entity1891 in the adjuvant treatment of high-grade @entity816 : a Medical Research Council trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['Brain Tumour']

entities_list: @entity11770 :: ('MESH:D008130', 'Chemical') :: ['lomustine']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity4174 :: (MESH:D011344,Chemical) :: ['procarbazine']


abstract: A multicentre hospital-based incident case-control study with 520 male @entity356 cases aged < 75 years and an equal number of age- and sex-matched controls without @entity5 has been carried out in Poland to assess potential risks due to smoking and @entity167 consumption. It was shown that after adjusting for socio-demographic and dietary confounders and vodka drinking, smoking cigarettes had no significant effect on risk. The estimated relative risk (RR) increased to 2.27 (95% confidence interval [CI] : 0.97-5.28) for @entity5 for those who smoked cigarettes without filters. The RR for @entity5 grew as the frequency and amount of vodka drunk increased. @entity1 drinking vodka at least once a week had about a threefold higher risk compared to non-drinkers (RR = 3.06, 95% CI : 1.90-4.95). The effect of vodka drinking on risk was particularly strong for @entity5 of the intestinal type. Those who usually drank vodka before breakfast had an elevated risk (RR = 2.98, 95% CI : 1.60-5.53) which was also present in all the subgroups investigated. @entity5 showed differences with respect to the interaction between @entity286 smoking and vodka drinking. For @entity5 of the @entity418 region the risk was low for non-smokers or those who drank small amounts of vodka. The risk for @entity418 @entity5 increased considerably for smokers of cigarettes without filters and vodka drinkers who consumed large amounts (RR = 3.70, 95% CI : 1.13-12.06). For the non- @entity418 region a uniform increase could be observed for vodka drinking regardless of cigarette smoking status.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Vodka consumption, @entity286 smoking and risk of XXXX in Poland.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal cardia cancer', 'Cardia and non-cardia cancer', 'cancers', 'non-cardia cancers', 'cancer', 'stomach cancer']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: The utility of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in determining the causative agent of @entity358 in @entity1 with @entity3052 is not known. We retrospectively evaluated the diagnostic yield of BAL in 22 adults with @entity3052 and compared the results with those at autopsy performed within three weeks of BAL. All @entity1 had @entity1398 and @entity882 at the time of BAL, were receiving broad-spectrum antibacterial agents, and 15 were also receiving @entity2379 before BAL. The median interval between the detection of @entity358 and BAL was seven days (range, 0 to 23 days); the median interval between BAL and autopsy was nine days (range, 1 to 20 days). The diagnostic yield of BAL was 15 percent (3 of 20 specific diseases); all three were @entity55 . The sensitivity of BAL was 75 percent and its specificity 100 percent, for @entity55 . BAL did not result in a specific diagnosis for the 17 remaining diseases, nine of which were @entity55 . In seven @entity1 in whom autopsy was performed within 72 hours of BAL, lavage results correlated with those of autopsy in only one who had @entity55 . All BAL cultures were falsely positive, except in four cases of @entity55 . The therapeutic regimen was not modified according to the BAL results in any of the 22 @entity1 . There were no major complications associated with the procedure.

title: Bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of @entity358 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Candida pneumonia', 'Aspergillus pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infiltrates']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemia']


abstract: High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings were correlated with pathologic features of 14 inflation-fixed postmortem lungs with @entity3673 to evaluate the ability of HRCT to depict pneumoconiotic changes. The results are as follows: 1) Irregular peribronchiolar and interlobular @entity82 was the most constant pathologic feature in all lungs. This pathologic finding corresponded to an area of hazy increased density or reticular density on HRCT. The reticular density on HRCT became coarser with the progression of @entity82 . Mild @entity82 , confirmed by histologic procedures, could not be detected with HRCT. 2) Subpleural curvilinear line seen on HRCT in 5 lungs corresponded to band-like zone of @entity82 containing bronchioles or zone of collapsed alveoli with fibrotic thickening on histologic sections. A @entity3616 was recognized in 2 cases. Subpleural patchy density was seen on HRCT in 8 cases. Five of them were histologically a focus of @entity82 and the other 3 were @entity3126 , @entity3616 , or @entity891 without @entity82 . 3) Pneumoconiotic nodules were located at centrilobular portion or along interlobular septa on histologic sections. These location were correspond to HRCT findings. They were round with irregular borders and were surrounded by a zone of enlarged air space. Overall 71% (182/256) of pathologically proved nodules were seen on HRCT, but 63% (52/83) of small "p" type nodules (smaller than 1.5 mm) could not be detected. Enlarged air space at the periphery of the nodules was seen on HRCT in 78% (122/156) of those pathologically proved. 4) A total of 12 lesions of progressive massive @entity82 was found in 5 lungs. An irregular border, seen on HRCT in all lesions, was pathologically based on the @entity82 extending into the surrounding alveoli and partially confluencing pneumoconiotic micronodules. Pleural indentation was seen in 8 lesions. Patent residual bronchi, spared from destructive fibrotic change, were seen as strand-like air density on HRCT in 4 of 6 lesions. 5) @entity2542 was found pathologically in 9 of the 14 lungs. They appeared as non-peripheral, small low-attenuation area with a central dot on HRCT. The dot histologically corresponded to @entity82 around centriacinar bronchovascular bundle. The limit of visibility of this form of @entity2415 on HRCT was 2.0 mm in size. When @entity2415 was complicated by @entity55 , some showed honeycomb appearance on HRCT. 6) It is concluded that HRCT can detect and quantify the various pneumoconiotic changes of the lung and the HRCT-pathological correlation data presented here will be useful for the interpretation of the findings in clinical cases of @entity3673 .

title: [Pathologic-HRCT correlation of XXXX --a study on inflation-fixed lungs].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3673 :: ('MESH:D011009', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoconiosis']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['localized pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['subpleural band-like zone of organized pneumonia', 'organized pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity2542 :: ('MESH:D011656', 'Disease') :: ['Focal emphysema']

answer: @entity3673 :: (MESH:D011009,Disease) :: ['pneumoconiosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: One potential mechanism of ventilator-induced @entity651 (VILI) is due to shear stresses associated with @entity1344 (recruitment/derecruitment). It has been postulated that the optimal combination of tidal volume (Vt) and positive end-expiratory pressure ( @entity9239 ) stabilizes alveoli, thus diminishing recruitment/derecruitment and reducing VILI. In this study we directly visualized the effect of Vt and @entity9239 on alveolar mechanics and @entity133 stability with @entity651 . METHODS: In vivo microscopy was utilized in a surfactant deactivation porcine @entity649 model to observe the effects of Vt and @entity9239 on alveolar mechanics. In phase I (n = 3), nine combinations of Vt and @entity9239 were evaluated to determine which combination resulted in the most and @entity1344 . In phase II (n = 6), data from phase I were utilized to separate animals into two groups based on the combination of Vt and @entity9239 that caused the most alveolar stability (high Vt [15 cc/kg] plus low @entity9239 [5 cm @entity2507 ]) and @entity1344 (low Vt [6 cc/kg] and plus @entity9239 [20 cm @entity2507 ]). The animals were ventilated for three hours following @entity651 , with in vivo alveolar stability measured and VILI assessed by lung function, blood gases, morphometrically, and by changes in inflammatory mediators. RESULTS: High Vt/low @entity9239 resulted in the most @entity1344 and @entity651 , as indicated by lung function and morphometric analysis of lung tissue. Low Vt/high @entity9239 stabilized alveoli, improved oxygenation, and @entity651 . There were no significant differences between groups in plasma or bronchoalveolar lavage cytokines or proteases. CONCLUSION: A ventilatory strategy employing high Vt and low @entity9239 causes @entity1344 , and to our knowledge this is the first study to confirm this finding by direct visualization. These studies demonstrate that low Vt and high @entity9239 work synergistically to stabilize alveoli, although increased @entity9239 is more effective at stabilizing alveoli than reduced Vt. In this animal model of @entity649 , @entity1344 results in @entity651 (VILI) with minimal changes in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage cytokines and proteases. This suggests that the mechanism of @entity651 in the high Vt/low @entity9239 group was mechanical, not inflammatory in nature.

title: Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure and tidal volume on XXXX induced by @entity1344 .

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['correlated alveolar']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury', 'reduced lung injury']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['least alveolar stability', 'least alveolar instability', 'alveolar instability']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['lung injury']


abstract: We undertook a multicenter randomized trial to compare the efficacy of @entity8508 combined with transdermal @entity1242 and that of octreotide in the emergency control of acute @entity548 in @entity82 . Over 16 mo, 87 @entity1 with endoscopically proved active @entity548 from esophageal or cardiac varices were enrolled in five centers in France and randomly assigned to receive intravenous @entity8508 (2 mg and then 1 mg/4 hr over 24 hr) and transdermal @entity1242 (10 mg/12 hr over 24 hr) (group 1) or @entity2390 (continuous intravenous infusion of 25 micrograms/hr over 12 hr and then 100 micrograms at hr 12 and hr 18 subcutaneously) (group 2). Initial control of @entity548 was assessed at the end of 12 hr of treatment on the basis of stability of blood pressure and hematocrit level with no further transfusion requirements. At 12 hr, @entity548 was controlled in 59% (24 of 41) in group 1 and 78% (36/46) of group 2 @entity1 (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.064). Mean transfusion requirements over this 12-hr period were significantly greater in group 1 (three blood units; range = 0 to 13) than in group 2 (one blood unit; range = 0 to 5) (p = 0.002). After the first 12 hr, 20% of @entity1 (5 of 24) had repeat @entity548 in group 1 compared with 27% (10 of 36) in group 2. During the first 48-hr period, five @entity1 (12%) died in group 1, compared with 3 (6%) in group 2. Few side effects were noted in either group. However, in group 1 two @entity1 experienced severe @entity1168 ; it resulted in @entity204 in one @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX plus transdermal @entity1242 vs. octreotide in the control of acute @entity548 from esophageal varices: a multicenter randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity8508 :: ('MESH:C012078', 'Chemical') :: ['terlipressin']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity8508 :: (MESH:C012078,Chemical) :: ['Terlipressin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity548 remains a leading cause of @entity204 in both military and civilian @entity130 . We report the use of @entity927 ( @entity928 ) as part of a @entity130 exanguination/massive transfusion protocol in the management of @entity548 in a civilian primary and secondary air medical evacuation (AME) helicopter EMS program. METHODS: @entity928 was introduced into our CCP flight paramedic program in June 2011. Indications for use include age > 16 years, @entity130 (defined a priori based on mechanism of injury or findings on primary survey), and heart rate (HR) > 110 beats per minute (bpm) or systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 90 mmHg. Our protocol, which includes 24-hour online medical oversight, emphasizes rapid initiation of transport, permissive @entity551 in select @entity1 , early use of blood products (secondary AME only), and infusion of @entity928 while en route to a @entity130 center. RESULTS: Over a 4-month period, our CCP flight crews used @entity928 a total of 13 times. @entity1 had an average HR of 111 bpm [95% CI 90.71-131.90], SBP of 91 mmHg [95% CI 64.48-118.60], and Glascow @entity772 Score of 7 [95% CI 4.65-9.96]. For primary AME, average response time was 33 minutes [95% CI 19.03-47.72], scene time 22 minutes [95% CI 20.23-24.27], and time to @entity928 administration 32 minutes [95% CI 25.76-38.99] from first @entity1 contact. There were no reported complications with the administration of @entity928 in any @entity1 . CONCLUSION: We report the successful integration of @entity928 into a primary and secondary AME program in the setting of @entity130 with confirmed or suspected @entity548 . Further studies are needed to assess the effect of such a protocol in this @entity1 population.

title: Prehospital use of XXXX for @entity548 in primary and secondary air medical evacuation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock', 'Major hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['major trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity927 :: (MESH:D014148,Chemical) :: ['tranexamic acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8273 ( @entity8273 ) shows promise for detecting cancerous change in @entity1143 and urine. However, there is uncertainty about the localization of @entity8273 in @entity5 tissue and its relationship with different histological types and other components of the extracellular matrix, such as angiogenesis. We evaluated the association between @entity8273 and degree of @entity5 through expression in @entity2 tissue and sputum. Tumoral tissue had significantly increased @entity8273 compared to normal tissue. Strong @entity8273 staining intensity associated with @entity5 cells was significant in @entity957 compared to @entity5 . A significant direct association was found between @entity5 with a high percentage of @entity8273 and MVD (microvessel density) in @entity5 . Similarly significant was the direct association between N1 @entity5 and high levels of @entity8273 in @entity5 cells. Cox multivariate analysis showed significant association between better survival and low @entity8273 . @entity8273 increased in sputum from @entity2 @entity1 compared to @entity5 and a significant correlation was found between @entity8273 in sputum and @entity8273 in @entity5 tissue. Localization of @entity8273 in @entity5 tissue was related to @entity5 and reflected in sputum, making this an emerging factor for an important diagnostic procedure in @entity1 suspected to have @entity2 . Further study in additional @entity1 in a randomized prospective trial is required to finalize these results and to validate our quantitative assessment of @entity8273 , as well as to couple it to gold standard sputum cytology.

title: Tissue hyaluronan expression, as reflected in the sputum of @entity2 @entity1 , is an indicator of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8273 :: ('MESH:C565742', 'Disease') :: ['HA', 'Hyaluronan']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma', 'cancer', 'tumoral stroma', 'cancer-free and healthy volunteers', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'lung tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: We describe a rare complication of stereotactic radiotherapy for large @entity5513 in a @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity4786 . We retrospectively reviewed the case of a 14-year-old @entity1 who had been referred to our tertiary care center. Prior to referral, the @entity1 had been evaluated for hoarseness. During the work-up, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected two large bilateral @entity5513 and two bilateral @entity5 . The @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity164 2 @entity4786 , and she underwent stereotactic radiotherapy for treatment of the two @entity5513 ; the @entity5 were not irradiated. The @entity1 's post-treatment course was complicated by @entity1276 and symptoms of @entity2850 , which required urgent surgical intervention. Follow-up MRI 7 months following radiotherapy demonstrated a rapid growth of the @entity5513 , but no appreciable change in the size of the jugular foramen @entity2950 . These findings suggest that the radiotherapy might have been the cause of the rapid growth of the @entity5513 . To our knowledge, no such report has been published in the literature, and this phenomenon might be unique. Our findings suggest that radiotherapy might not be the optimal first-line treatment for @entity5513 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity4786 .

title: Rapid growth of @entity5513 after stereotactic radiotherapy in @entity164 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuromas']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['jugular foramen tumors']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem compression']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

answer: @entity4786 :: (MESH:D017253,Disease) :: ['neurofibromatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Small-conductance @entity460 -activated @entity972 (SK) channels have been found to play an important role in atrial repolarization and @entity955 ( @entity955 ). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the existence and functional role of SK channels in the @entity1641 heart. METHODS: Cardiac biopsies were analyzed to investigate the expression level of the most prominent cardiac ion channels, with special focus on SK channels, in the @entity1641 heart. Subcellular distribution of SK isoform 2 (SK2) was assessed by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. The electrophysiologic and anti- @entity955 effects of the relative selective SK channel inhibitor @entity15259 (5 mg/kg IV) were evaluated in anesthetized @entity1641 , focusing on the potential of @entity15259 to terminate acute pacing-induced @entity955 , drug-induced changes in atrial effective refractory period, @entity955 duration and vulnerability, and ventricular depolarization and repolarization times. RESULTS: Analysis revealed equivalent mRNA transcript levels of the 3 SK channel isoforms in atria compared to ventricles. Immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy displayed a widespread distribution of SK2 in both @entity2224 . @entity15259 terminated all induced @entity955 episodes (duration >= 15 minutes), caused pronounced prolongation of atrial effective refractory period, and reduced @entity955 duration and vulnerability. QRS duration and QTc interval were not affected by treatment. CONCLUSION: SK channels are widely distributed in @entity2224 and contribute to atrial repolarization. Inhibition by @entity15259 terminates pacing-induced @entity955 of short duration and @entity955 without affecting ventricular conduction and repolarization. Thus, inhibition by @entity15259 demonstrates clear atrial antiarrhythmic properties in healthy @entity1641 .

title: Pharmacologic inhibition of small-conductance @entity460 -activated XXXX (SK) channels by @entity15259 reveals atrial antiarrhythmic potential in @entity1641 .

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF', 'decreases AF duration and vulnerability']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity1107 ( @entity1107 ) ion channel is a major sensor of environmental cold temperatures. @entity141 -induced activation of phospholipase C (PLC) has been implied in the regulation of @entity1107 channels during @entity4746 - and cold-induced desensitization in vitro. Here we identify PLC  4 as the key PLC isoform involved in regulation of @entity1107 in sensory dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. We identified two @entity1107 positive neuronal subpopulations, based of their cell body size. Most @entity1107 positive small neurons also responded to @entity2951 , and had significantly larger @entity4746 -induced inward current densities than medium-large cells, most of which did not respond to @entity2951 . Small, but not medium-large, PLC  4(-/-) neurons showed significantly larger currents induced by cold, @entity4746 , or @entity3297 -12, a specific @entity1107 agonist, compared to @entity164 ( @entity164 ) neurons, but @entity1107 protein levels were not different between the two groups. In current-clamp experiments small neurons had more depolarized resting membrane potentials, and required smaller current injections to generate action potentials (AP) than medium-large cells. In small PLC  4(-/-) neurons, @entity4746 application induced larger depolarizations and generation of APs with frequencies significantly higher compared to @entity164 neurons. In behavioural experiments PLC  4(-/-) @entity19 showed higher sensitivity to evaporative cooling by @entity1324 than control animals. Pretreatment with the @entity1107 antagonist PBMC reduced cold-induced responses, and the effect was more pronounced in the PLC  4(-/-) group. Heat and mechanical sensitivity of the PLC  4(-/-) @entity19 was not different from @entity164 animals. Our data support the involvement of PLC  4 in the regulation of @entity1107 channel activity in vivo. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Phospholipase C   4regulates cold sensitivity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity1107 :: ('171382(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 8', 'TRPM8']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Treatment of childhood standard-risk (SR) @entity981 ( @entity981 ) is generally successful. However, intensive chemotherapy regimens may be associated with severe treatment sequelae. Efforts are therefore being made to identify those @entity1 in whom less intensive treatment would be equally successful but cause fewer long-term sequelae. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of treatment reduction in a subset of @entity1 with @entity981 at minimal risk of failure. DESIGN AND METHODS: The population of @entity1 with SR @entity981 included @entity1 aged between 1 and 6 years with less than 20,000 WBC/mm3, non-T immunophenotype, DNA index between 1.16 and 1.6, absence of t(9;22) and t(4;11) clonal translocations, no extramedullary @entity1778 , good response to @entity229 and complete remission (CR) at the end of induction therapy. A reduced-intensity, BFM-type treatment schedule (AIEOP- @entity981 9501 protocol) was used. Induction therapy was based on @entity1891 , @entity229 , @entity4445 and intrathecal methotrexate only; high-dose- @entity1499 (2 g/m2) was given x4. The BFM Protocol II was given as reinduction therapy; thus the total dose of @entity8253 was 120 mg/m2 and no epipodophyllotoxins or cranial irradiation were employed. RESULTS: Between May 1995 and December 1999, 123 @entity1 were identified as having SR- @entity981 (7.8% of the @entity981 -95 population), of whom 102 received the SR protocol. After a median follow-up of 5.9 years, 11 @entity1 in the SR protocol had relapsed, 1 had died in remission, and 1 had developed a second @entity5 . The probabilities (standard errors) of survival and event-free survival (EFS) were, respectively, 97.0% (1.7) and 86.7% (3.5) at 5 years, and 95.3% (2.4) and 86.7% (3.5) at 7 years. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: Although most of the relapsed @entity1 were rescued, the long-term EFS probability in this small, highly selected group of @entity1 remains inferior to expectation. Thus, alternative selection criteria, such as treatment response measured by minimal @entity66 , should be considered to address the issue of treatment reduction.

title: Treatment reduction in highly selected standard-risk childhood XXXX . The AIEOP @entity981 -9501 study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: Activation of gene transcription by radiation has been recently demonstrated in vitro. However, little is known on the specificity of these alterations on gene transcription. Prenatal irradiation is a known teratogen that affects the developing @entity1 central nervous system (CNS). Altered neuronal migration has been suggested as a mechanism for abnormal development of prenatally irradiated brains. @entity11504 ( @entity11504 ), an extracellular glycoprotein, is essential for neural crest cell migration and neural cell growth. In addition, elevated levels of @entity11504 have been found in the extracellular matrix of irradiated lung. To test whether brain @entity11504 is affected by radiation, either @entity11504 level in insoluble matrix fraction or expression of @entity11504 mRNA was examined pre- and postnatally after irradiation. @entity19 ( @entity2659 ), at 13 d of gestation (DG), served either as controls or were irradiated with gamma rays at 0.5 or 1 Gy. Control and irradiated animals were killed either at 13 DG, 14 DG, 17 DG, or 5, 6, or 14 d postnatal. Brain and liver were collected from offspring and analyzed for either total @entity11504 protein levels or relative mRNAs for @entity11504 and tubulin. Results of prenatal irradiation on reduction of postnatal brain weight relative to whole body weight and morphological @entity75 are comparable to that reported by others. Insoluble matrix fraction (IMF) per gram of brain, liver, lung, and heart weight was not significantly different either between control and irradiated groups or between postnatal stages, suggesting that radiation did not affect the IMF. However, total amounts of @entity11504 in brain IMF at 17 DG were significantly different (p < .02) between normal (1.66 +/- 0.80 micrograms) and irradiated brains (0.58 +/- 0.22 microgram). @entity11504 mRNA was detectable at 13, 14, and 17 DG, but was not detectable at 6 and 14 d postnatal, indicating that @entity11504 mRNA is developmentally regulated. After 0.5 Gy of irradiation, expression of @entity11504 mRNA was reduced to 36% +/- 22% (1 h), 52% +/- 10% (1 d), and 76% +/- 10% (4 d) of the control level. After 1 Gy of irradiation, relative @entity11504 mRNA was 62% +/- 28% (1 h) and 75% +/- 3% (4 days) to the control level, respectively. This reduction was comparable to that reported by others for the cytoskeletal protein @entity12835 . In contrast, mRNA for tubulin, another cytoskeletal protein, increased at 1 h after irradiation but then approached normal postnatally. The longer lasting alteration of @entity11504 may be more directly related to neural development, particularly if the reduction in @entity11504 is nonuniform.

title: Brain fibronectin expression in prenatally irradiated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity11504 :: ('MESH:C536826', 'Disease') :: ['Fibronectin', 'FN']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in cerebral cortex regions of postnatal brains']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: We sought to assess the relationship between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and clinical outcomes in @entity772 survivors of out-of-hospital @entity1167 (OHCA). METHODS: We identified consecutive @entity772 survivors of OHCA with an initial shockable rhythm treated with targeted temperature management. We examined clinical outcomes in relation to mean MAP (measured hourly) during the first 96h of hospitalization. Co-primary outcomes were the rates of @entity204 and severe @entity51 at discharge. RESULTS: In 122 @entity1 meeting inclusion criteria, @entity204 occurred in 29 (24%) and severe @entity51 in 39 (32%). Higher mean MAPs were associated with lower odds of @entity204 (OR 0.55 per 5mmHg increase; 95%CI 0.38-0.79; p=0.002) and severe @entity51 (OR 0.66 per 5mmHg increase; 95%CI 0.48-0.90; p=0.01). After adjustment for differences in @entity1 , index event, and treatment characteristics, higher mean MAPs remained associated with lower odds of @entity204 (OR 0.60 per 5mmHg increase; 95%CI 0.40-0.89; p=0.01) but not severe @entity51 (OR 0.73 per 5mmHg increase; 95%CI 0.51-1.03; p=0.07). The relationship between mean MAP and the odds of @entity204 (p-interaction=0.03) and severe @entity51 (p-interaction=0.03) was attenuated by increased @entity1 age. CONCLUSION: In @entity772 survivors of OHCA treated with target temperature management, a higher mean MAP during the first 96h of admission is associated with increased survival. The association between mean MAP and clinical outcomes appears to be attenuated by increased age.

title: Impact of mean arterial pressure on clinical outcomes in XXXX survivors of out-of-hospital @entity1167 : Insights from the University of Ottawa Heart Institute Regional Cardiac Arrest Registry (CAPITAL-CARe).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity772 :: (MESH:D003128,Disease) :: ['comatose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Chronic @entity158 is difficult to treat, and the efficacy of most interventions is limited. This study was conducted to evaluate pulsed mode radiofrequency (PRF) lesioning of the suprascapular nerve for treating @entity1118 . Interventions. Thirteen procedures using PRF lesioning of suprascapular nerve were performed under fluoroscopic guide in 11 @entity1 (13 shoulder joints) with @entity1118 for at least 3 months. OUTCOME MEASURES: The @entity1 were evaluated for @entity158 , shoulder disability function, and medication requirements prior to and after treatment. RESULTS: At 1-month follow-up assessment, 10 (76.9%) shoulder joints had significant @entity158 relief (visual analog scale >or= 50% reduction), and at 6-month follow-up assessment, nine (69.2%) still had significant @entity158 relief. The mean VAS score of 11 @entity1 before PRF was 7.5 +/- 1.0, and the scores at 1-month and 6-month follow-up were 2.8 +/- 2.6 and 2.5 +/- 2.8, respectively. A significant @entity158 reduction (P < 0.001) was observed. The mean Shoulder @entity158 and Disability Index scores at 6-month follow-up also showed a significant decrease compared with pre-PRF (P < 0.001). Medication requirements were evaluated 1 month and 6 months after the PRF. Nine (81.8%) @entity1 had their medication requirement decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Pulsed mode radiofrequency lesioning to suprascapular nerve is a potential treatment option for @entity1 suffering @entity1118 . It provides long-lasting @entity158 relief and @entity158 medication requirements.

title: Pulsed radiofrequency lesioning of the suprascapular nerve for XXXX : a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic shoulder pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'decreases pain', 'shoulder pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic shoulder pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During harvest and transportation, processing tomatoes are exposed to elevated temperatures, compression and vibration in the harvester and truck, making them prone to @entity2981 . The objective of this study was to determine how @entity2981 and exposure to high temperatures affect @entity44687 ( @entity44687 ) activation and the textural quality of @entity523 juice. RESULTS: Tomatoes were both hand and mechanically harvested using current harvest practices. Mechanically harvested fruits were significantly softer, had greater @entity44687 activity and greater juice consistency than hand harvested fruits. In a controlled @entity2981 study, whole tomatoes were exposed to various compressive forces at 21 or 40     C and held for 0 or 4   h. Greater @entity2981 force and higher temperature resulted in a decrease in firmness and an increase in @entity44687 activity. Consistency of @entity523 juice improved when tomatoes were exposed to 40     C. Tomatoes subjected to a temperature range from 21 to 65     C had activated @entity44687 at 40     C and increased activity as temperature increased. Consistency increased at 35     C but decreased with increasing temperature. CONCLUSION: Tomatoes harvested using current mechanical techniques are likely to be less firm and have increased @entity44687 activity; however, increased consistency of processed juice is observed. Tomatoes harvested at higher temperatures are also likely to have better consistency when processed.    2014 Society of Chemical Industry.

title: The effects of XXXX and temperature on enzyme activity and textural qualities of @entity523 juice.

answer: @entity2981 :: (MESH:D003288,Disease) :: ['bruising']