abstract: PURPOSE: Intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important risk factor in @entity726 . Gene expression changes were studied in glaucomatous @entity35 retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to elucidate altered transcriptional pathways. METHODS: RGCs were back-labeled with Fluorogold. Unilateral IOP elevation was produced by injection of hypertonic saline into the episcleral veins. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) was used to capture an equal number of RGCs from normal and @entity2479 . RNA was extracted and amplified, labeled, and hybridized to @entity35 genome microarrays, and data analysis was performed. After selected microarray data were confirmed by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry, biological pathway analyses were performed. RESULTS: Significant changes were found in the expression of 905 genes, with 330 genes increasing and 575 genes decreasing in @entity989 . Multiple cellular pathways were involved. Ingenuity pathway analysis demonstrated significant changes in cardiac beta-adrenergic signaling, interferon signaling, @entity2227 receptor signaling, @entity268 -mediated signaling, chemokine signaling, 14-3-3-mediated signaling, and G-protein-coupled receptor signaling. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that the genes involved in apoptotic pathways were enriched in @entity989 . The prosurvival gene @entity12001 was upregulated in response to elevated IOP, and immunohistochemistry confirmed that @entity12001 and phosphorylated- @entity12001 levels were increased in RGCs in experimental @entity726 . In addition, the expression of several prosurvival genes normally expressed in RGCs was decreased. CONCLUSIONS: There are extensive changes in gene expression in @entity989 involving multiple molecular pathways, including prosurvival and prodeath genes. The alteration in the balance between prosurvival and prodeath may contribute to RGC @entity204 in @entity726 .

title: Global gene expression changes in XXXX retinal ganglion cells in experimental @entity726 .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous retinal sections']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous RGCs']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Although @entity3554 ( @entity3554 ) of primary @entity5 in @entity1 has been well documented in the literature, it has rarely been reported in @entity1 with @entity11 . Between 1975 and 1985, 6 of 162 @entity1 (3.7%) with @entity11 treated at @entity1 's Hospital of Philadelphia had @entity3554 . @entity3554 was present at diagnosis of the original @entity5 in one @entity1 , was the first sign of relapse in one @entity1 , occurred simultaneously with local relapse in two @entity1 , and after local relapse in two @entity1 . @entity5 was low-grade @entity816 in five and low-grade @entity3271 in one. Primary @entity5 site was cervical cord in three, chiasm in one, frontal lobe in one, and cerebellum in one. All of the @entity1 with @entity3554 had undergone surgical treatment at the time of diagnosis of the primary @entity5 ; four had total resections at some point in their course. Three of the six @entity1 died; three are still alive after treatment with radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. The longest survival to date has been 3 1/2 years after diagnosis of @entity3554 . We compared clinical characteristics of these six @entity1 with 131 @entity1 with low-grade @entity5 without dissemination treated at our institution during the same time period. @entity3554 , although relatively infrequent, does occur in @entity1 with @entity11 , especially @entity4097 . @entity3554 may occur at any time during illness and diagnosis may be difficult unless @entity3554 is suspected. Treatment, at times, results in clinical improvement and considerable disease control.

title: XXXX in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'CNS tumors', 'Pathology of the original tumor']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord tumors']

entities_list: @entity3554 :: ('MESH:D008577', 'Disease') :: ['leptomeningeal spread', 'LMS']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['Leptomeningeal dissemination of low-grade gliomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of onyx for embolization of @entity2758 ( @entity2758 ). METHODS: A prospective, multicenter study was conducted in France to evaluate embolization of @entity2758 with onyx. From May 2003 to March 2005, 50 @entity1 (26 females, 24 males; mean age: 34.8 years, range: 16-64years) were included. Clinical presentation was @entity548 in 22 @entity1 (44.0%), @entity410 in 16 @entity1 (32.0%), @entity10 in six @entity1 (12.0%) and progressive @entity51 in two cases (4.0%). Four @entity1 were asymptomatic (8.0%). RESULTS: One hundred and forty-ninesessions of embolization were performed: one to eight sessions/ @entity1 with a mean of 3.0sessions. One hundred and sixteen sessions (77.9%) were performed with onyx, 20 sessions (13.4%) with glue and 13 sessions (8.7%) with onyx and glue. Symptomatic acute postembolization @entity548 (APEH) was observed in four cases (8.0% per @entity1 ). At 1 month, morbidity and mortality related to the treatment were of 8% and 2%, respectively. Complete @entity2758 occlusion was obtained in 8.3% of cases. In the remaining cases, occlusion rate was between 99 and 80% in 56.3% of @entity1 , 79 and 60% in 16.7%, and less than 60 in 18.7%. In case of @entity432 , complementary treatment was performed by radiosurgery. CONCLUSION: Onyx is suitable for @entity2758 embolization with acceptable morbidity and mortality.

title: Endovascular treatment of XXXX using onyx: results of a prospective, multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['BAVM', 'brain arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete occlusion']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity2758 :: (MESH:D001165,Disease) :: ['brain arteriovenous malformations']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The most challenging component of @entity3570 is cord tethering. Tethering can occur due to single or multiple lesions within the same @entity1 . It is imperative to aggressively identify and release all the tethering lesions in order to provide maximum benefit to the @entity1 . With increasing number of tethering lesions, the clinical profile and outcome show significant differences, and this difference is significantly more when more than two tethering lesions coexist in the same @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Out of the 248 @entity1 of @entity3570 who underwent surgical management at Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India, between 1997 and 2007, 160 were included in the study. @entity1 were classified into two groups based on the number of tethering lesions. The first group (Group A) comprised cases of @entity3570 with tethering demonstrable at one or two sites. The second group (Group B) comprised @entity1 with radiological or intraoperative evidence of multiple tethering lesions (more than two). RESULTS: There were 119/160 @entity1 in Group A, while 41/160 @entity1 were in Group B (with more than two sites of tethering). The preoperative neurological examination revealed significant differences between the two study groups. The clinical profile and the surgical outcomes have shown significant differences in the two study groups. These differences are statistically significant. CONCLUSION: We strongly believe that the mere presence or absence of tethering is not a sufficient documentation to predict its effect on the cases of @entity3570 . Tethering is a complex entity that needs to be further classified in terms of the number of tethering lesions, which significantly affect the pre- and postoperative status of the @entity1 . We would like to suggest the term "Spina Bifida Multiplex" for the cases where more than two lesions are found to be responsible for tethering.

title: Management of multiple tethering in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spinal dysraphism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

answer: @entity3570 :: (MESH:D016135,Disease) :: ['spinal dysraphism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For @entity1 with locally advanced @entity0 (LABC) undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), the European Guidelines for Breast Imaging recommends magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to be performed before start of NACT, when half of the NACT has been administered and prior to surgery. This is the first study addressing the value of flow-insensitive apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) obtained from diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI at the recommended time points for pretreatment prediction and monitoring of treatment response. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five LABC @entity1 were included in this prospective study. DW MRI was performed using single-shot spin-echo echo-planar imaging with b-values of 100, 250 and 800 s/mm(2) prior to NACT, after four cycles of NACT and at the conclusion of therapy using a 1.5 T MR scanner. ADC in the @entity0 was calculated from each assessment. The strength of correlation between pretreatment ADC, ADC changes and @entity5 volume changes were examined using Spearman's rho correlation test. RESULTS: Mean pretreatment ADC was 1.11 + or - 0.21 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s. After 4 cycles of NACT, ADC was significantly increased (1.39 + or - 0.36 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s; p=0.018). There was no correlation between individual pretreatment @entity0 ADC and MR response measured after four cycles of NACT (p=0.816) or prior to surgery (p=0.620). CONCLUSION: Pretreatment @entity5 ADC does not predict treatment response for @entity1 with LABC undergoing NACT. Furthermore, ADC increase observed mid-way in the course of NACT does not correlate with @entity5 volume changes.

title: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for pretreatment prediction and monitoring of treatment response of @entity1 with locally advanced XXXX undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Work place environment plays an important role in development diseases because of the time spend in and different toxic factors placed in it. The aim of study was to assess the ventilatory efficiency in individuals employed in Generating Plant (GP) in relation to the pollution of the work place and the @entity286 smoking habit during 3 years. The study covered a group of 144 male individuals employed at GP. (age 39.3 +/- 8.7 yrs, period of employment 20.3 +/- 8.6 yrs, smokers 53.5%. Lung function tests consisted of VC, FVC, FEV1, FEV1%VC, PEF, FEF50 counted from flow-volume curve and TGV, Rt measured using pletysmographic method. All tests were performed using pletysmograph (Masterlab) "Jaeger" placed on the ambulance near to the work place. The measurements were taken in May 1993 and 1996. Results were compared to with normal values (acc. ECSC). The anamnesis was obtained from all workers in the form of questionnaire projected for this study. All measurements were done during work time (9.00 a.m. to 2.00 p.m.). Mean values of the ventilation indices remained within the normal range but comparing results in smokers and non-smokers group significant differences in FEV1 and TGV were found. The symptoms of chronic @entity3617 were present in 20.8% of @entity1 . Spirometric criteria for the @entity1030 diagnosis were found in 16 @entity1 (11%). Only 5 @entity1 (31%) were symptomatic. The mean decrease of FEV1 was 16.2 ml/yr, in the @entity1030 group it was 82.5 ml/yr. The greater annual loss of FEV1 was found in the smokers and symptoms groups.

title: [Evaluation of the incidence of clinical symptoms and risk factors for XXXX based on the monitoring of refinery workers in Piock (1993-1996)].

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if the combination of lifestyle (caloric restriction and exercise) and @entity2449 ( @entity4508 ) would be superior to lifestyle and placebo (PBO) in improving the @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) phenotype. DESIGN: Double-blind randomized 6-month trial of @entity4508 versus PBO. SETTING: Two academic medical centers. @entity1 (S): One hundred fourteen subjects with @entity3610 were randomized to @entity4508 (N = 55) or PBO (N = 59). INTERVENTION(S): Subjects collected urine daily for ovulation monitoring, had monthly monitoring of hormones and weight and determination of body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, @entity413 tolerance, and were evaluated for quality of life at baseline and completion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Ovulation rates and @entity251 levels. RESULT(S): Dropout rates were high. There was no significant difference in ovulation rates. @entity251 levels were significantly lower compared with baseline in the @entity4508 group at 3 mos but not at 6 mos. There were no differences in weight loss between groups, but @entity4508 showed a significant decline at 6 months compared with baseline (-3.4 kg, 95% confidence interval -5.3 to -1.5 kg). We noted divergent effects of @entity4508 versus PBO on oral @entity413 tolerance test indices of insulin sensitivity (increased) and secretion (worsened). Total bone mineral density increased significantly in @entity4508 . There were no differences in quality of life measures between the groups. The @entity4508 group had increased @entity294 and @entity10 , but fewer @entity1494 . CONCLUSION(S): The addition of @entity2449 to lifestyle therapy produced little reproductive or glycemic benefit in @entity1 with @entity3610 , although our study had limited power owing to a high dropout rate. It is not possible at baseline to identify @entity1 likely to drop out.

title: The effects of XXXX with lifestyle therapy in @entity3610 : a randomized double-blind study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder infections and musculoskeletal complaints']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['metformin']


abstract: Type XI collagen (CXI) and @entity14576 ( @entity14576 ) are minor components in cartilage, shown to be arthritogenic. CXI is a heterotrimeric triple helical fibrillar collagen and intermingled in the collagen fibers with type II (CII). @entity14576 is the major noncollagenous protein of cartilage and is a homopentamer, interacting with the collagen fibers with each of its subunits. Similar to CII, homologous @entity35 CXI also induces a @entity625 in @entity35 but with a different @entity3173 ( @entity3173 ) genetic control and pathogenesis. CXI induced @entity625 (C(XI)IA) is characterized by a more pronounced chronic relapsing disease course. The @entity3173 allele of importance is the RT1f haplotype and, surprisingly, some of the CII associated @entity3173 alleles like @entity10171 are less permissive. Immunization with @entity14576 induces a severe but self-limited @entity625 in strains with a genetic background resistant to most other forms of @entity625 or even autoimmune models, the E3 @entity35 . The @entity3173 association also differs between the different models (CIA, CXI, and COMPIA). An autoimmune response to @entity14576 is triggered despite the circulation of @entity14576 fragments in both physiologic and arthritic states. The induction of @entity625 in @entity35 with CXI or @entity14576 provides an @entity625 models with a distinct pathogenesis as compared with other induced @entity625 models.

title: XXXX induced with minor cartilage proteins.

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['chronic arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity14576 :: ('25304(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['COMP', 'cartilage oligomeric matrix protein']

entities_list: @entity3173 :: ('MESH:D004830', 'Disease') :: ['MHC', 'major histocompatibility complex']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['Arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Researchers from several different countries have found the @entity6100 ( @entity6100 ) to have good psychometric properties. However, to our knowledge, no studies on this subject have been reported in Mainland China. In this study, we investigated the psychometric properties of the Chinese Mandarin version of the @entity6100 when used in Mainland China. METHODS: The reliability and validity of the parent-report @entity6100 in a sample of 749 @entity1 of 4- to 14-year-olds: 411 typically developing and 338 clinical @entity1 (202 with @entity72 ( @entity72 )) were examined. RESULTS: Internal consistency for total scale (0.871-0.922), test-retest reliability (0.81-0.94), and convergent validity with the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) (0.302-0.647) were satisfactory. The @entity6100 total score discriminated between the @entity72 and other @entity245 . Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses revealed that the @entity6100 was predicted to accurately classify 69.2-97.2% of youth @entity72 . Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) supported a single-factor solution for the @entity72 subsample. Confirmatory factor analysis ( @entity3795 ) did not confirm the theoretical construct of five factors model with inadequate fit in the @entity72 subsample. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our findings supported the reliability and validity of the parent-report @entity6100 as one @entity72 screening instrument. In addition, we also suggest that the use of separate cut-offs for screening purposes (optimizing sensitivity) vs. clinical confirmation (optimizing specificity) should be considered.

title: Investigating the validation of the Chinese Mandarin version of the @entity6100 in a Mainland China XXXX population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity6100 :: ('OMIM:300082', 'Disease') :: ['Social Responsiveness Scale', 'SRS']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Morphinofobia among the general population (GP) and among @entity283 ( @entity283 ) is not without danger for the @entity1 : it may lead to the inappropriate management of debilitating @entity158 . The aim of our study was to explore among GP and @entity283 the representation and attitudes concerning the use of @entity1286 in health care. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was done among 412 @entity283 (physicians and nurses) of the 4 hospitals and 10 community health centers of Beira Interior (Portugal)and among 193 @entity1 of the GP randomly selected in public places. Opinions were collected through a translated self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: A significant difference of opinion exists among GP and @entity283 about the use of @entity1286 . The word @entity1286 first suggests drug to GP (36,2%) and @entity1337 to @entity283 (32,9%.). The reasons for not using @entity1286 most frequently cited are: for GP @entity1286 use means advanced disease (56%), risk of addiction (50%), legal requirements (49,7%); for @entity283 it means legal risks (56,3%) and adverse side effects of @entity1286 such as somnolence - sedation (30,5%) The socio-demographic situation was correlated with the opinions about the use of @entity1286 . CONCLUSIONS: False beliefs about the use of @entity1286 exist among the studied groups. There seems to be a need for developing information campaigns on @entity158 management and the use of @entity1286 targeting. Better training and more @entity283 might also be needed.

title: Morphinofobia: the situation among the general population and XXXX in North-Eastern Portugal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HP', 'information of HP', 'health care professionals']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity283 :: (OMIM:603663,Disease) :: ['health care professionals']


abstract: A transgenic @entity19 carrying a simian virus-40 T-antigen gene under control of a @entity19 urinary protein promoter induced the formation of a @entity5 . In tissue culture, these @entity5 cells expressed the brown fat-specific mitochondrial uncoupling protein ( @entity4305 ) gene when stimulated by @entity1063 . To develop cell lines for the analysis of @entity4305 expression, we investigated growth conditions that would maintain expression. We found that the addition of 10(-7)-10(-6) M @entity1063 was critical for establishing cells with high @entity4305 expression, mitochondrial content, and adipogenesis. @entity1063 exerts its effects by selectively stimulating the proliferation of brown fat cells. Results with receptor-specific agonists and antagonists indicate that @entity1063 interacts with the beta 1-adrenergic receptor to stimulate cell proliferation. The capacity of these brown fat cells to respond to @entity1063 by proliferating seems to be a manifestation of a normal physiological response of brown fat cells, because exposing an animal to the cold increases cell proliferation. Thus, this system indicates that two independent pathways for cell proliferation coexist in parallel, one based on transformation of the cell by the simian virus-40 T-antigen and the other on the normal response of the cell to stimulation by @entity1063 . Several clonal lines have been isolated that have similar levels of marker gene expression for adipogenesis and mitochondriogenesis, but differ in the level of @entity4305 expression. The results underscore the extreme sensitivity of mechanisms controlling @entity4305 expression and the fact that the expression of @entity4305 in brown fat is not coordinately linked to that of other nuclear genes which encode proteins associated with thermogenesis.

title: XXXX -dependent selection of brown adipocyte cell lines.

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Norepinephrine', 'norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'brown fat tumor']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['Norepinephrine']


abstract: Chemically induced @entity35 hepatocyte nodules and @entity157 have repeatedly been shown to be deficient in Phase I drug-metabolizing enzymes. Some of these reduced activities are attributable to a diminution of the @entity1446 -containing terminal electron acceptor, @entity7677 . We recently demonstrated that spontaneous @entity19 @entity96 exhibit the same deficiency. Therefore, chemically induced and spontaneous @entity96 share common metabolic alterations which are likely to represent intrinsic characteristics of the tumorigenic process and are independent of its etiology. To determine whether the @entity7677 deficit was the result of an altered @entity1446 metabolism, we quantitated four @entity1446 -containing proteins in normal @entity19 liver, spontaneous @entity19 @entity96 , and those induced by a single injection of @entity107 : @entity7677 ; cytochrome b5; @entity2340 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.11); and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6). The amounts of these components in spontaneous @entity5 relative to normal liver were 0.35, 0.68, 0.76, and 0.51, respectively. Similar values were obtained with chemically induced @entity5 . The enzymes @entity8454 synthase (EC 2.3.1.37), the rate-limiting enzyme in the @entity1446 synthetic pathway, and @entity1446 oxygenase (EC 1.14.99.3), a degradative enzyme, were also quantitated. The amounts of these enzymes in spontaneous @entity5 relative to liver were 0.49 and 1.51, respectively. Again, similar values were observed for the chemically induced @entity5 . Alteration of the latter two enzyme activities may be sufficient for the altered hemoprotein patterns seen in @entity19 @entity96 . Further, this pattern of metabolic alteration is common to both chemically induced and spontaneous @entity5 . Thus, @entity5 resistance to cytotoxic agents activated by the monooxygenase system is not necessarily induced by exposure to these agents, nor as a result of selection.

title: @entity1446 enzyme patterns in genetically and chemically induced @entity19 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity107 :: ('MESH:D004052', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomas']

entities_list: @entity8454 :: ('MESH:D000622', 'Chemical') :: ['delta-aminolevulinic acid']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver tumors']


abstract: This study sought to establish the recommended phase II dose and efficacy of @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) with concurrent radiotherapy in @entity1 with brain metastases. @entity1 were stratified by prior systemic therapy ( <=1 vs. >= 2) and enrolled in cohorts of escalating doses of daily @entity2904 for 14  days (group A: 75, 95, 115, 135, or 150  mg/m(2), group B: 75, 90, 105, 120, or 135  mg/m(2)). Endpoints included safety and clinical activity. For group A ( <=1 prior chemotherapy) no dose limiting @entity137 was seen at 75 and 95  mg/m(2). Five of eight @entity1 experienced dose limiting @entity137 at 115  mg/m(2), thus the recommended phase II dose was 95  mg/m(2). Arm B (>= 2 prior chemotherapy regimens) was closed due to poor enrollment. In the phase II portion, 17 @entity1 in group A were treated. There were 0 @entity1 with complete radiographic response, three with a partial response, ten remained stable, and four demonstrated early progression. The 3 and 6  month progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 41 and 18% with a median PFS time of 2.4  months. Overall survival at 3 and 6  months was 53 and 41%, respectively, with a median survival time of 4.1  months. The maximum tolerated dose of daily @entity2904 with concurrent WBRT was 95  mg/m(2). Despite dose escalation, outcomes did not appear to be improved in the sample treated.

title: Phase I/II dose escalation trial of concurrent XXXX and whole brain radiation therapy for multiple brain metastasis.

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['temozolomide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present aimed to develop a hormonal therapy based on the insertion of a @entity1420 (P4) insert (PI) during 10 d plus an @entity53 injection (E2) at PI removal before the onset of breeding of beef heifers. In Exp. 1, the plasma P4 profile of prepubertal heifers showed that the insertion of a PI or 24 d previously used P4 insert (UPI) sustained plasma P4 above 1ng/mL for at least the first 7 d of the treatment. In Exp. 2 there was no positive effect of additional @entity4520 (EB) administered at the insertion of UPI on the proportion of heifers with a corpus luteum (CL/Treated) 30 d after UPI removal [UPI+EB=85.3%(a) (n=134); EB+UPI+EB=80.8%(a) (n=125)]; however, both were greater (P<0.0001) than the Control group [60.3%(b) (n=129)]. In Exp. 3, a positive effect (P=0.01) of UPI treatment and both E2 supplementations [EB and @entity19937 (EC); P=0.10] at the UPI removal was observed on CL/Treated [Control=42.5%(b) (n=94); UPI=58.5%(a) (n=130); UPI+EB=64.0%(a) (n=128); UPI+EC=67.2%(a) (n=128)]. However, greater pregnancy per treated heifer (P/Treated) following artificial insemination (AI) upon estrus detection was achieved when EC was applied [Control=20.2%(b); UPI=29.2%(ab); UPI+EB=26.6%(b); UPI+EC=36.7%(a)]. In Exp. 4, the treatment prior to the timed AI (TAI) tended to improve pregnancy per TAI [P/AI; Control 43.6% (n=298) vs. UPI+EC 51.9% (n=342); P=0.08], but increased P/Treated [26.5% vs. 43.3%; P<0.001]. Thus, UPI+EC treatment were efficient in increasing the CL/Treated, tended to improve the P/AI and consequently enhanced P/Treated of @entity7040 beef heifers.

title: Impact of @entity1420 and @entity53 treatment before the onset of the breeding period on reproductive performance of XXXX beef heifers.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity19937 :: ('MESH:C007630', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol cypionate']

entities_list: @entity4520 :: ('MESH:C074283', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol benzoate']

answer: @entity7040 :: (9915,Species) :: ['Bos indicus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of @entity10189 , @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) and chronic @entity1142 in two Iranian populations (pastoral nomads and industrial labourers) with different life styles, and to evaluate the risk factors associated with these diseases. SUBJECTS: A total of 455 randomly selected pastoral nomads and 492 industrial labourers (all male) aged between 35-55 years. METHODS: Demographic and social data were obtained by interviews. An upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy was performed and biopsy specimens were taken from subjects complaining of abdominal symptoms and randomly selected asymptomatic subjects. A urease test was performed on antral specimens. Serum pepsinogen I concentrations and @entity1534 @entity1534 antibody titres were measured by radioimmunoassay and immunoglobulin (Ig) G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests, respectively. RESULTS: Serum pepsinogen I concentrations were similar in both nomads and industrial labourers, and the percentage with positive antibody titres for @entity1534 was high in both populations (86.3 and 91% in nomads and industrial labourers, respectively). Industrial labourers were twice as likely to have duodenal @entity1066 (P < 0.05) than nomads. The prevalence of @entity4773 and @entity2275 was 4.6 and 0.6% in nomads and 10.3 and 0.4% in industrial labourers, respectively. The prevalence of @entity1744 was similar in nomads (3.1%) and industrial labourers (3.6%). Fewer nomads (1.4%) than industrial labourers (3.3%) had chronic @entity1142 . Logistic regression analysis showed that being an industrial labourer, or smoker and having undergone previous non-gastric surgery were risk factors for @entity4773 . When the variable 'urease test' was included in the logistic regression analysis, smoking, a positive urease test and the quantity of fruit eaten per week were associated risk factors. The risk factors associated with @entity1744 were the use of analgesics and back @entity158 . The only risk factor associated with chronic @entity1142 was being an industrial labourer. CONCLUSIONS: Industrial labourers were twice as likely to have @entity4773 as nomads. The prevalence of @entity1744 and chronic @entity1142 in the two male Iranian populations was lower than that found in western countries. @entity4773 was associated with @entity1534 colonization but not with a positive serum antibody titre for @entity1534 . @entity1534 colonization of the antral mucosa and smoking are causative factors for @entity4773 and fruit intake is possibly an associated factor.

title: XXXX , @entity1744 and @entity1142 in two populations in Iran.

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal ulcer disease', 'Duodenal ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['pylori', 'H. pylori', 'Helicobacter']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity10189 :: (MESH:D010437,Disease) :: ['Peptic ulcer disease']


abstract: Susceptibility studies were undertaken to determine the response of some South African wild rodent species to experimental plague ( @entity12502 ) infection. A degree of plague resistance was found in three gerbil species captured in the plague enzootic region of the northern Cape Province, these being the Namaqua gerbil, Desmodillus auricularis, (LD50 1 X 10(6) organisms), the bushveld gerbil, Tatera leucogaster, (LD50 9.1 X 10(5)) and the highveld gerbil, T. brantsii (LD50 4 X 10(2)). Animals from a population of the four-striped @entity19 , Rhabdomys pumilio, captured in the plague area of Port Elizabeth, proved moderately resistant to experimental @entity281 (LD50 1.3 X 10(4)) while those from another population of the same species captured in a plague-free area of the Orange Free State were extremely susceptible (LD50, 5 organisms). The response of both populations however was a heterogeneous one. Marked differences in susceptibility were also found between two populations of multimammate @entity19 , Mastomys natalensis (2n = 32) although both originated from areas outwith the known distribution of plague in southern Africa. The 50% infectious dose was relatively high in T. leucogaster (3.2 X 10(2)) and D. auricularis (1.7 X 10(3)), but was low (2-16 organisms) in the other rodent species tested. The plague antibody response, determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was extremely short-lived in T. leucogaster, only 10% of inoculated animals remaining seropositive at low titres after 11 weeks. Antibodies persisted for only slightly longer in the sera of T. brantsii which were reinoculated with 2 X 10(3) plague organisms 6 weeks after initial challenge. The demonstration of the existence of both susceptible and resistant populations of R. pumilio and M. natalensis indicates that these species must be considered as potential plague reservoir hosts in parts of South Africa. The results suggest that resistance to @entity281 in previously epizootic hosts in the northern Cape Province such as Tatera sp. and D. auricularis has arisen through continual selective pressure of the organism. If the findings are applicable to gerbil populations in other plague enzootic regions of South Africa it is probable that acquired plague resistance has been responsible for the absence of gerbil epizootics and consequently for the dramatic decline in @entity1 plague outbreaks in South Africa since 1950.

title: XXXX in South African wild rodents.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['plague infection']

entities_list: @entity12502 :: ('632', 'Species') :: ['Yersinia pestis']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Experimental plague infection']


abstract: RATIONALE: Ectopic variceal @entity548 is a rare (2-5%) but fatal @entity360 in @entity1 with portal @entity101 . @entity1 with ectopic variceal @entity548 manifest @entity476 , @entity360 , or @entity6552 , which require urgent managements. Definitive therapeutic modalities of ectopic varices are not yet standardized because of low incidence. Various therapeutic modalities have been applied on the basis of the experiences of experts or availability of facilities, with varying results. @entity1 CONCERNS: We have encountered eight cases of @entity360 in five @entity1 in the last five years. DIAGNOSES: All @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1575 presenting @entity476 or @entity6552 . INTERVENTIONS: All @entity1 were treated with various endoscopic modalities (endoscopic variceal obturation [EVO] with @entity3080 in five cases, endoscopic variceal band ligation (EVL) in two cases, hemoclipping in one case). OUTCOMES: Satisfactory hemostasis was achieved without radiologic interventions in all cases. EVO and EVL each caused one case of portal biliopathy, and EVL induced @entity1066 in one case. LESSONS: EVO generally accomplished better results of variceal obturations than EVL or hemoclipping, without serious adverse events. EVO may be an effective modality for control of ectopic variceal @entity548 without radiologic intervention or surgery.

title: Upper XXXX treated with various endoscopic modalities: Case reports and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity6552 :: ('MESH:D006396', 'Disease') :: ['hematemesis']

entities_list: @entity3080 :: ('MESH:D003487', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal ectopic variceal bleeding', 'hematochezia', 'gastrointestinal bleed']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal ectopic variceal bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary mediastinal large cell @entity706 (PMLCL) is an emerging entity. New parameters can help define it. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of medical records from 35 @entity1 treated at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson @entity5 Center from 1985 to 1990. Immunohistochemical evaluation of tissue specimens. Determination of survival (S) and time to treatment failure (TTF). RESULTS: The median age was 34 years and 69% were females. Eight-three percent presented with symptoms of mediastinal involvement. While 100% of the @entity1 presented with bulky mediastinal disease and 72% had elevated pretreatment serum @entity880 dehydrogenase, only 6% presented with an elevated pretreatment serum @entity2262 . The @entity706 cells lacked @entity10911 staining. For the 18 @entity1 treated initially at M.D. Anderson @entity5 Center, S and TTF curves rates after @entity632 -based regimens (plus radiotherapy in 14 cases) were 72% and 61%, respectively, at 5 years follow-up (median, 42 months). Four out of six @entity1 who received autologous bone marrow transplant as salvage therapy are currently alive without disease at follow-up times of 21, 25, 32, and 54 months. CONCLUSION: Primary mediastinal large cell @entity706 has characteristic clinicopathological features to which another can be added, that of an inverted pattern of bulky disease, high LDH and low beta 2 M in serum. The response to therapy is comparable to that of intermediate-grade @entity706 , although the numbers in the study are small. Our preliminary data suggest a possible role for autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) as salvage therapy.

title: Primary mediastinal large cell @entity706 is characterized by an inverted pattern of large tumoral mass and low XXXX levels in serum and frequently elevated levels of serum @entity880 dehydrogenase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2 microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity2262 :: (567,Gene) :: ['beta 2 microglobulin']


abstract: @entity1 @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ) are rare chronic subacute @entity179 (CNS) which include @entity3605 ( @entity3605 ), Kuru, @entity24575 ( @entity24575 ), and @entity14749 ( @entity14749 ). @entity3605 can be either inherited or sporadic. All these diseases are always fatal. Neuropathological features are mainly constituted of neuronal vacuolisation, @entity528 , @entity5219 with hyperastrocytosis; plaques might be evidenced in kuru and @entity24575 . Neither inflammatory syndrome nor @entity17 is detectable. No virus like structure could be identified reproducibly. @entity1 @entity1579 are transmissible to non @entity1 primates and rodents. Iatrogenic @entity3605 have been described after tissue grafting ( @entity267 , dura mater), neurosurgery, electrophysiology investigation, and treatment with pituitary derived gonadotrophins and growth hormone. Molecular biochemistry of the CNS investigation revealed that a host encoded protein, the @entity3669 ( @entity3669 ), accumulates proportionally to the infectious titer: this abnormality is the only detectable hallmark in @entity1579 . Infectious fractions contain no detectable specific nucleic acid, and are mainly constituted of @entity3669 under an isoform which resists to proteinase K digestion ( @entity3669 -res). The @entity3669 gene ( @entity3669 ) is located on chromosome 20 in @entity1 . Several mutations of this gene have been described in all inherited @entity1579 ( @entity3605 , @entity24575 , and @entity2391 ). No treatment is available today. Agents inducing @entity1579 ( @entity10319 ) are not known: several authors claim that @entity10319 are only constituted of @entity3669 -res; others support the hypothesis of a conventional agent with a specific genetic information.

title: [ XXXX transmissible subacute spongiform encephalopathy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity3605 :: ('MESH:D007562', 'Disease') :: ['Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease', 'CJD']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['TSE', 'transmissible spongiform encephalopathies']

entities_list: @entity24575 :: ('MESH:D016098', 'Disease') :: ['Gerstmann-Str  ussler-Scheinker syndrome', 'GSS']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative diseases of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

entities_list: @entity14749 :: ('MESH:D034062', 'Disease') :: ['Fatal Familial Insomnia', 'FFI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Natural Killer (NK) cells are a lymphocyte subset actively involved in cytotoxicity against @entity16571 cells; they are a reliable model for the study of neuroendocrine-immune interactions. In previous works we demonstrated that in healthy subjects NK activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and susceptibility to endogenous modifiers display statistically validated circadian rhythms. In @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and in other autoimmune @entity66 of the circadian rhythm of serum @entity701 and altered levels of NK cell activity have been reported. We evaluated the circadian pattern of NK cell activity in 7 hospitalized @entity1 with @entity792 (4 @entity309 , 1 @entity2631 , 2 mixed @entity2597 ). Temporal variations of in vitro responses to either positive recombinant (immune interferon, r @entity379 @entity379 : 650 IU/ml; recombinant @entity1199 , r IL-2 IL-2: 100 IU/ml) or negative ( @entity701 : 10(-6) M) modifiers were also studied. Blood was drawn at 4h intervals for 24 h, starting at 0800. PBMC preparations were immediately separated and incubated for 20h in the presence or absence of modifiers. NK activity was assessed with a direct non-radiometric 4h cytolytic assay, using K 562 cells as targets. Significant circadian variations of spontaneous NK activity were documented only in @entity1 with @entity309 , with a peak in the evening hours and a minimum in the night or in the early morning (p < 0.05, PR 51.5%, phi 1829). Population-mean cosinor analysis did not yield detection of significant circadian variations of in vitro responsiveness to modifiers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Altered circadian rhythms of natural killer (NK) cell activity in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['connective tissue disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity16571 :: ('MESH:D014412', 'Disease') :: ['tumor-transformed and virus-infected']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune rheumatic diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4094 should, for ethical reasons, not be allowed in animal experiments unless the use is strongly motivated. Beforehand, the anaesthetic protocol must be documented without muscle relaxation in the species studied. Documentation is difficult to obtain from the scientific literature. When focusing on cardiac function over time, in particular, the ideal anaesthetic protocol should cause no or minor alterations in cardiac variables. METHODS: We intended to document an anaesthetic protocol involving ventilation with @entity3727 combined with loading doses and continuous infusions of @entity4485 , @entity3575 and @entity1363 in seven @entity1707 by applying potentially painful stimuli every 15 min for 7 h. Subsequently, left ventricular global and regional function was studied with conductance catheter and strain rate imaging by echocardiography in eight @entity1707 with @entity6305 included. RESULTS: @entity1707 without @entity6305 were completely immobilized and unresponsive to potentially painful stimuli and sternotomy, with no accumulation or degradation of anaesthetic agents. With @entity6305 included, left ventricular preload gradually decreased together with reduction of cardiac index from 3.52 +/- 0.14 at 2 h to 2.84 +/- 0.11 L min(-1). m(-2) (+/-SEM) after 7 h of observation. Preload recruitable @entity64 work decreased after 7 h, whereas peak systolic strain in the anterior left ventricular wall and load-independent indices of diastolic function were not significantly altered. CONCLUSION: In specific experimental protocols, the anaesthetic protocol described could allow the use of muscular @entity912 in young @entity12526 , for instance when involving @entity1167 , @entity1167 and reperfusion.

title: An anaesthetic protocol in the young XXXX allowing @entity4094 for studies of cardiac function following @entity1167 and cardiopulmonary bypass.

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['Neuromuscular blockade']

entities_list: @entity12526 :: ('9825', 'Species') :: ['domestic pigs']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardioplegic arrest', 'hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass']

entities_list: @entity6305 :: ('MESH:D010197', 'Chemical') :: ['pancuronium']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity12526 :: (9825,Species) :: ['domestic pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In October 2007, a cluster of @entity1 experiencing a novel @entity8954 was identified at a pork abattoir (Plant A). @entity1 worked in the primary carcass processing area (warm room); the majority processed severed heads (head-table). An investigation was initiated to determine risk factors for illness. METHODS AND RESULTS: Symptoms of the reported @entity1 were unlike previously described occupational associated illnesses. A case-control study was conducted at Plant A. A case was defined as evidence of symptoms of @entity1897 and compatible electrodiagnostic testing in a pork abattoir worker. Two control groups were used - randomly selected non-ill warm-room workers (n = 49), and all non-ill head-table workers (n = 56). Consenting cases and controls were interviewed and blood and throat swabs were collected. The 26 largest U.S. pork abattoirs were surveyed to identify additional cases. Fifteen cases were identified at Plant A; illness onsets occurred during May 2004-November 2007. Median age was 32 years (range, 21-55 years). Cases were more likely than warm-room controls to have ever worked at the head-table (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 6.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-26.7), removed brains or removed muscle from the backs of heads (AOR, 10.3; 95% CI, 1.5-68.5), and worked within 0-10 feet of the brain removal operation (AOR, 9.9; 95% CI, 1.2-80.0). Associations remained when comparing head-table cases and head-table controls. Workers removed brains by using compressed air that liquefied brain and generated aerosolized droplets, exposing themselves and nearby workers. Eight additional cases were identified in the only two other abattoirs using this technique. The three abattoirs that used this technique have stopped brain removal, and no new cases have been reported after 24 months of follow up. Cases compared to controls had higher median @entity379 ( @entity379 ) levels (21.7 pg/ml; vs 14.8 pg/ml, P<0.001). DISCUSSION: This novel @entity8954 was associated with removing porcine brains with compressed air. An autoimmune mechanism is supported by higher levels of @entity379 in cases than in controls consistent with other immune mediated illnesses occurring in association with neural tissue exposure. Abattoirs should not use compressed air to remove brains and should avoid procedures that aerosolize CNS tissue. This outbreak highlights the potential for respiratory or mucosal exposure to cause an immune-mediated illness in an occupational setting.

title: Epidemiologic investigation of immune-mediated XXXX among abattoir workers exposed to porcine brain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity8954 :: ('MESH:D011129', 'Disease') :: ['polyradiculoneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFNgamma', 'interferon-gamma']

answer: @entity8954 :: (MESH:D011129,Disease) :: ['polyradiculoneuropathy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Autoimmune @entity14204 is an inflammatory condition often associated with an underlying @entity5 . However, a subset of @entity1 does not have an underlying @entity5 and have a nonparaneoplastic form of this condition. The focus in the literature has been on the acute phase of this illness, but long-term follow-up is lacking. METHODS: A retrospective chart review, over a period of 15years, of @entity1 carrying a diagnosis of @entity198 was performed. Inclusion criteria included a clinical presentation consistent with @entity14204 (subacute behavioral change, @entity410 , or anterograde memory decline) and an identifiable autoantibody, inflammatory @entity2841 (>5white blood cells/mm(3)), or limbic hyperintensities on MRI. Readmission rates and long-term @entity146 , psychosocial, and @entity410 outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 16 @entity1 were identified. Clinical presentation included new-onset @entity410 in 14 (88%), behavioral changes in 7 (44%), and memory decline in 5 (31%). Four (25%) @entity1 presented with @entity159 . Five patients had antibodies against NMDAR ( @entity1024 receptor) and four against VGKC (voltage gated @entity972 channel) complex. An inflammatory @entity2841 was noted in 7 (44%) and MRI changes in 9 (56%). Four were readmitted during the follow-up period. Around half the @entity1 continued to have medically drug/treatment-refractory @entity410 , while 7 (44%) had a new @entity146 diagnosis ( @entity1316 , @entity148 , or @entity23 ). The majority of the @entity1 continued to reside at home, while 43% of previously employed @entity1 lost employment. CONCLUSION: Nonparaneoplastic autoimmune @entity14204 is a @entity146 presenting with a combination of @entity410 (sometimes @entity159 ), behavioral changes, and memory decline. After the acute phase, @entity1 are at risk of readmissions, medically refractory @entity410 , chronic mood and @entity148 , and loss of employment.

title: Neuropsychiatric and XXXX outcomes in nonparaneoplastic autoimmune @entity14204 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-d-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'neuropsychiatric condition']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulse control disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity14204 :: ('MESH:D020363', 'Disease') :: ['limbic encephalitis']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Due to lifelong immunosuppression, renal transplant recipients (RTRs) are at risk of infectious complications such as @entity55 . Severe @entity55 results in @entity1576 and is life  -threatening. We aimed to examine the influence of immunosuppressant dose reduction on RTRs with @entity2028 and @entity1576 . METHODS: From January 2001 to January 2011, 33 of 1,146 RTRs at a single centre developed @entity2028 with @entity1576 . All @entity1 were treated using mechanical ventilation and aggressive therapies in the intensive care unit. RESULTS: Average time from kidney transplantation to @entity55 with @entity1576 was 6.8 years. In-hospital mortality rate was 45.5% despite intensive care and aggressive therapies. Logistic regression analysis indicated that a high serum @entity1011 level at the time of admission to the intensive care unit (odds ratio 1.77 per mg/dL, 95% confidence interval 1.01-3.09; p = 0.045) was a mortality determinant. Out of the 33 @entity1 , immunosuppressive agents were reduced in 17 (51.5%). We found that although immunosuppressant dose reduction tended to improve in-hospital mortality, this was not statistically significant. Nevertheless, during a mean follow-up period of two years, none of the survivors (n = 18) developed acute rejection or allograft @entity39 . CONCLUSION: In RTRs with @entity2028 and @entity1576 , higher serum @entity1011 levels were a mortality determinant. Although temporary immunosuppressant dose reduction might not reduce mortality, it was associated with a minimal risk of acute rejection during the two-year follow-up. Our results suggest that early immunosuppressant reduction in RTRs with severe @entity55 of indeterminate microbiology may be safe even when pathogens are bacterial in nature.

title: Immunosuppressant dose reduction and long-term rejection risk in renal transplant recipients with severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial pneumonia']

answer: @entity2028 :: (MESH:D018410,Disease) :: ['bacterial pneumonia']


abstract: A single intraperitoneal administration of zymosan induces @entity881 ( @entity881 ) in C57BL/6 @entity19 . The authors investigated the effect of a monoclonal antibody V1q against @entity19 @entity5 @entity39 factor alpha ( @entity637 ) on the development of zymosan-induced @entity881 and on plasma concentrations and the production capacity of @entity777 ( @entity777 ) by peritoneal cells. C57BL/6 @entity19 received doses of V1q starting either simultaneously with administration of zymosan every four days, or from 4 or 8 days after administration of zymosan onwards. The animals were monitored for survival, condition, and body weight and temperature. Twelve days after zymosan all surviving animals were killed to obtain plasma, organs and peritoneal cells. Plasma concentrations of @entity777 and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated production of @entity777 by peritoneal cells were measured; organs were weighed as an indicator for organ damage and lung damage was assessed macroscopically. Survival improved when the animals were treated with V1q starting at either time point, and a subpopulation developed from the group receiving V1q from day 0 onwards that displayed improved body weight and temperature when compared to the animals receiving zymosan only. Also, the wet organ weights improved in this subgroup, indicating a beneficial effect of the monoclonal antibody. However, V1q administered could neither decrease the circulating @entity777 concentrations toward control values, nor did V1q treatment normalize @entity777 production capacity (stimulated or unstimulated). The development of zymosan-induced @entity881 can be attenuated by the monoclonal antibody V1q.

title: A monoclonal antibody against XXXX @entity39 factor-alpha improves survival in experimental @entity881 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ dysfunction syndrome', 'MODS']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: As the off-label use of intravitreal bevacizumab continues for an increasing number of ocular conditions, a systematic review of the literature aimed at detecting temporally associated systemic adverse events was undertaken. DESIGN: Systematic review of the literature and a health regulatory database. @entity1 : A total of 22 different clinical studies representing 12,699 @entity1 . METHODS: A systematic review indexed by Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, the Cochrane database (CENTRAL), and the Canadian @entity137 Information System Database was performed. All clinical studies with at least 100 eyes injected with bevacizumab and case reports documenting suspected events were included for review. RESULTS: A total of 22 different clinical studies were reviewed, including an international internet survey, 6 retrospective studies assessing the safety of intravitreal bevacizumab, and 15 clinical trials. The most common adverse systemic event reported in these studies, representing 12,699 @entity1 was an increase in blood pressure (0.46% of @entity1 ), followed by @entity64 (0.21% of @entity1 ), and @entity583 (0.19% of @entity1 ). The 6 case reports documented suspected events not previously identified and only 1 systemic event from the Health Canada database was retrieved. CONCLUSIONS: The systemic events temporally associated with intravitreal bevacizumab are mainly of cardiovascular and neurological origin and can be predicted from an exaggerated pharmacology, although a causal association cannot be established at this time. Health Canada's spontaneous drug reporting system is an underutilized resource and a more active surveillance system such as a @entity1 registry may be better suited to establish the low rates of systemic adverse events following bevacizumab use in ophthalmology.

title: Identifying systemic safety signals following intravitreal bevacizumab: systematic review of the literature and the Canadian XXXX Database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accidents']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Adverse Drug Reaction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Adverse Drug Reaction']


abstract: Recent studies show that forces applied to the mandible during treatment with functional appliances and other orthodontic therapies produce changes in the @entity1348 . @entity3232 might also apply forces that can produce changes in the morphology of the @entity1348 . This study examined 104 orthodontic @entity1 (44 males and 60 females) prior to treatment. The size and location of the condyle was determined on submento-vertex and tomographic films which was related to clinical findings including age, sex, malocclusion type, facial type, @entity1348 symptoms, tooth eruption sequence, crossbites and midline discrepancies. The medio-lateral width of the condylar head correlated positively with the @entity1 age (p less than 0.001) and sex (p less than 0.001). Also the antero-posterior widths of the condyle were correlated with age (p less than 0.05). The condylar size in males was found to be greater than in females. Midline discrepancy significantly altered the increase in condylar size during growth. Transversel anomalies had a markedly greater influence on condylar growth compared to other characteristics of occlusion. The major change in condylar size during growth occurred in medio-lateral dimension as compared to the antero-posterior. In addition, the medio-lateral width was affected by midline discrepancy but not the antero-posterior width.

title: Mandibular condyle morphology in relation to @entity3232 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['Specific malocclusions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: When to perform surgery for @entity337 is a difficult clinical decision. @entity1002 may be present in @entity1 with minimal or no symptoms, and in some @entity1 @entity1002 may persist after valvular replacement. OBJECTIVES: To examine the role of preoperative low dose @entity452 echocardiography (LDDE) in predicting postoperative outcome in @entity1 who had aortic valve replacement for @entity337 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The study group comprised 16 @entity1 (15 @entity1 , aged 48 +/- 15 years) undergoing elective surgery for @entity337 . Preoperative echocardiograms were obtained in the resting state and during @entity452 infusion at 7.5 micrograms/kg/min. Complete recovery was defined by normalization of LV size and function, and the absence of symptoms at the six-month follow-up visit. @entity1 with complete recovery (group 1) and without complete recovery (group 2) were compared in relation to their echocardiographic parameters at rest and during LDDE. RESULTS: Of 16 @entity1 in the study, nine were in group 1 and seven were in group 2. Age, functional class and LV end-diastolic dimensions were similar between the two groups. Group 1 @entity1 had a smaller preoperative LV end-systolic dimension index (22.4 +/- 3.3 versus 29.9 +/- 5.9 mm/m2, P < 0.05) and a higher preoperative ejection fraction (53 +/- 8% versus 37 +/- 13%, P < 0.01). @entity452 infusion augmented the difference in ventricular size and function between @entity1 in group 1 and those in group 2 (LV end-systolic dimension index 18.9 +/- 3.9 mm/m2 versus 28.8 +/- 7.1 mm/m2, P < 0.01; ejection fraction 61 +/- 7% versus 41 +/- 12%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity452 accentuates differences in ventricular size and function between those with and without subsequent complete recovery following valve surgery. Because preoperative ejection fraction during LDDE is highly predictive of postoperative ejection fraction, LDDE may have a role in predicting the clinical outcome of @entity1 following aortic valve replacement for @entity337 .

title: Low dose XXXX echocardiography in the assessment of contractile reserve to predict the outcome of valve replacement for chronic @entity337 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction', 'Occult left ventricular (LV) dysfunction']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: Investigating the for gestationally caused changes and their restitution p. partum we determined in 104 @entity1 without @entity209 the @entity755 respectively in serum, in the main lipoprotein fractions VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL and in the "rest protein" remaining after separation of the lipoproteins from the serum. In gestation there is an increase in the serum level of @entity3452 of about 30% (p less than 0.001) reaching its maximum in the middle period of pregnancy. The post partal restitution of these changes takes more than 5 weeks happening faster at primarily delactated @entity1 . Gestational changes concerning @entity3452 are only caused by a 30% higher concentration of @entity3452 in HDL (p less than 0.001). The serum level of apo B seems to increase continuously meanwhile gestation reaching its maximum from about 60% (p less than 0.001) at the term. The restitution of the gestational changes concerning apo B also requires more than 5 weeks showing no dependence from lactation. The changes of serum apo B are quantitatively most influenced by the 45% higher concentration of apo B in LDL (p less than 0.001), despite the marked changes of apo B in relation to the nonpregnant comparative group found in VLDL and IDL respectively with either 270% (each p less than 0.001). @entity6340 in pregnancy was proved in 32%, but in no case the ratio apo B/ @entity3452 showed pathological values, because of also raised levels of @entity3452 in these @entity1 . By this astonishing phenomenon the gestational @entity5522 is characterized as an autonomic metabolic situation, which represents no earlier described type according to the Fredrickson classification.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Pattern of distribution of XXXX in the lipoprotein fractions of serum in pregnant @entity1 and post partum].

entities_list: @entity6340 :: ('MESH:D006938', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperbetalipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoproteins A and B']

entities_list: @entity5522 :: ('MESH:D006951', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

answer: @entity755 :: (338,Gene) :: ['apolipoproteins A and B']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A prospective randomized, controlled trial was conducted comparing supraglottic airways (SGA) for flexible bronchoscopy in 100 @entity1 . BACKGROUND: Pediatric flexible bronchoscopy is commonly performed using a SGA as both a ventilation device and a conduit for flexible bronchoscopy. We observed that some disposable SGAs were associated with increased resistance to bronchoscope manipulation compared to the LMA Classic (cLMA). METHODS: We compared the cLMA to the Ambu Aura Once, Portex Soft Seal, Boss Systems disposable silicone laryngeal mask, and LMA Unique. We recorded the subjective resistance of the bronchoscope manipulation within the SGA by linear analog score and measured the time to insert the bronchoscope from the proximal end of the SGA to the right upper lobe. We also scored the view of the larynx through the bronchoscope and measured SGA cuff pressures. RESULTS: Resistance to bronchoscope manipulation during pediatric flexible bronchoscopy was higher using @entity2634 ( @entity2634 ) disposable SGAs (Ambu, Unique, and Portex) than the @entity1346 re-usable cLMA (P < 0.0001). The Unique and Ambu laryngeal masks were clinically inferior to the cLMA at all levels of the airway (P < 0.0001). The Portex Soft Seal was not different above the larynx but was significantly statistically inferior at (P < 0.04) and below the larynx (P < 0.006) and inferior overall (P < 0.007). Boss Systems single-use laryngeal mask was as effective as the cLMA. CONCLUSION: In this trial, @entity2634 single-use laryngeal masks were inferior to the silicone cLMA and Boss Systems laryngeal masks for flexible bronchoscopy in @entity1 .

title: A prospective randomized trial comparing supraglottic airways for flexible bronchoscopy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity2634 :: ('MESH:D011143', 'Chemical') :: ['PVC', 'polyvinyl chloride']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The colony-stimulating factor-containing supernatant of the @entity1 trophoblast cell line TPA-30-1 was used to stimulate in vitro growth of acute @entity2800 clonogenic cells from 54 @entity1 . Prevalent colony growth (10-greater than 1000) was observed in 63% of cases. In 31% clusters and a few colonies (1-9/1 x 10(5) plated cells) were scored. Neither colonies nor clusters could be detected in the remaining 6%. The best growth was observed in subtype M5 (8 of 9 cases, 89%). Morphological examination and recloning tests suggested that the colonies originated from leukemic progenitors. TPA-30-1 supernatant stimulation can therefore be compared with that of phytohemagglutinin or phytohemagglutinin-leukocyte-conditioned medium. In addition it does not require T-lymphocyte removal and batch screening. Extension of the culture for antigenic characterization of acute @entity2800 clonogenic cells to more @entity1 than in a previous study confirmed the existence of a subgroup (39%) of @entity1 whose acute @entity2800 clonogenic cells constantly expressed late myeloid differentiation antigens recognized by the monoclonal antibody S4-7. Since S4-7 spares early normal hemopoietic progenitors, this subgroup (54% M2) can be considered as candidates for autologous bone marrow transplantation after in vitro purging with S4-7 monoclonal antibody and complement.

title: Trophoblast cell line conditioned medium for in vitro culture and antigenic characterization of acute XXXX clonogenic cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity2800 :: (MESH:D007951,Disease) :: ['myeloid leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The understanding of the cellular responses implicated in perinatal @entity75 and the characterization of the various mechanisms involved might open new horizons for understanding the time of onset of a @entity75 and for effective therapeutic strategies. METHODS: We performed an immunohistochemical investigation on brain and brainstem sections of 47 peripartum @entity204 . The gradation and localization of the expression of antibodies such as @entity310 , @entity1356 , @entity650 , HSPs, beta APP, anti-TrypH, @entity13573 , @entity538 , @entity2247 , @entity24706 , could be correlated with an @entity63 damage to document a significant correlation between response and the time of onset acute (</=8 hs) or non-acute (>/=8 hs </=48 hs). RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS: In non-acute cases @entity2285 reaction was prominent in the neuron cytoplasm, while in acute cases a mild reaction was evident in sporadic fields. @entity4041 exhibited a similar pattern of positivity as @entity2285 . In acute group, @entity24706 expressed an intense reaction showing a granular pattern in the cytoplasm of the neurons in the cortex of the infarcted areas. In non-acute group the positive reaction was more intense in astrocytes and less extended in neurons. @entity2247 reaction exhibited the strongest positive reaction in the neuronal cell bodies of acute cases, while a immunolabeling was prominent in the glial cytoplasm in the non-acute cases. CONCLUSIONS: Chaperones @entity2285 and 90, @entity24706 reaction, and @entity2247 protein, have provided very interesting results. These results would suggest to the clinicians to extend the differential diagnosis of a too large perinatal @entity63 insult category to delineate a more accurate chronological judgement.

title: The timing of perinatal hypoxia/ @entity63 events in term neonates: a retrospective autopsy study. HSPs, XXXX and @entity2247 are reliable markers to classify acute, perinatal events.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain hypoxic-ischemic lesion', 'brain damages']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic']

answer: @entity24706 :: (10525,Gene) :: ['ORP-150']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the National @entity5 Institute's (NCI) recent suggestion of a causal association between @entity406 exposure and mortality from @entity1778 and @entity2800 ( @entity2800 ) is robust with respect to alternative characterizations and categorizations of @entity406 exposure and to alternative methods of data analysis. METHODS: The original authors provided the cohort data. We computed US and local county rate-based standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and internal cohort rate-based relative risks (RR) by categories of four @entity406 exposure metrics (highest peak, @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ), cumulative, and duration), using both NCI categories and an alternative categorization based on tertiles of @entity204 from all @entity1778 among exposed subjects. For highest peak exposure, we computed RRs by the duration of time worked in the highest peak category and the time since highest peak exposure. For @entity1213 , we computed RRs by the duration of exposure and the time since first exposure. RESULTS: Our external comparisons revealed that the @entity1778 and @entity2800 RRs and associated trends reported by NCI for highest peak and @entity1213 occurred because null (or slight) to moderate mortality excesses were compared with statistically significant baseline @entity51 in @entity204 . Our alternative categorization of @entity1213 yielded @entity1778 and @entity2800 SMRs close to 1.0 in the highest exposure category, and revealed weaker evidence of a trend in RRs for @entity1778 and @entity2800 . We corroborated NCI's finding of no association for cumulative and duration of @entity406 exposure. We found no consistent evidence that @entity1778 or @entity2800 risks increased with increasing duration of time spent in a given highest peak exposure (or for @entity1213 , duration of exposure in a given @entity1213 category). We also found no consistent evidence that @entity1778 or @entity2800 risks were greater in the more relevant shorter (less than 20 years) versus longer (20+ years) periods of time from the first highest peak exposure (or for @entity1213 , first exposure). CONCLUSIONS: Our reanalysis provided little evidence to support NCI's suggestion of a causal association between @entity406 exposure and mortality from @entity1778 and @entity2800 . NCI's key findings for highest peak exposure and @entity1213 do not adequately account for the inordinately large deficits in @entity204 in the categories used as the baselines for internal rate-based RRs. The NCI findings also do not adequately account for the duration of time subjects spent in the highest peak category (or for @entity1213 , duration of exposure) or the time since their first peak exposure (or for @entity1213 , time since first exposure). Our finding that NCI's suggestion of a causal association is not robust with respect to alternative categorizations of @entity406 exposure and methods of data analysis casts considerable additional uncertainty regarding the validity of this suggested association.

title: Reevaluation of mortality risks from XXXX in the @entity406 cohort study of the National @entity5 Institute.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemia', 'ML']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['category deficits']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia', 'elevated leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['average intensity', 'AIE']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Short-course therapy has been advocated for the treatment of @entity497 ( @entity497 ). We compared the efficacy and safety of 5 and 7 day courses of @entity10127 for outpatient treatment of mild-moderate @entity497 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In a multicentre, double-blind, parallel group study, @entity1 were randomized to receive 320 mg of oral @entity10127 once daily for 5 or 7 days. Over 95% of all @entity1 in each cohort had a Fine score of <or=III. The primary efficacy endpoint was clinical cure at follow-up (days 24-30). Secondary outcomes were clinical and bacteriological responses at the end of therapy (days 7-9) and bacteriological and radiological responses at follow-up. Adverse events (AEs) were also monitored. RESULTS: In a total of 469 per protocol (PP) @entity1 , clinical resolution at follow-up was 95% and 92% for 5 and 7 day treatments, respectively [95% confidence interval (CI) -1.48, 7.42], indicating @entity75 of 5 day treatment. Clinical resolution at the end of therapy was 96% for both regimens (95% CI -3.85, 3.42). Bacteriological response rates in PP @entity1 at the end of therapy were 94% and 96% for 5 and 7 day groups, respectively (95% CI -8.27, 3.25) and 91% for both groups at follow-up (95% CI -6.89, 7.93). Radiological success in PP @entity1 at follow-up was 98% and 93% in 5 and 7 day groups, respectively (95% CI 0.35, 7.91). Pre-therapy pathogens were identified in 242 (47.3%) @entity1 , most commonly @entity328 . Frequency of treatment-related AEs was 21% in both cohorts with discontinuation rates of 1.2% and 2% in the 5 and 7 day groups, respectively. A lower incidence of @entity1910 was observed in the 5 day cohort (0.4%) versus the 7 day cohort (2.8%) (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: @entity10127 once daily for 5 days is not inferior to 7 days in the PP population with respect to clinical, bacteriological and radiological efficacy. Further work is needed, however, to explore whether fewer treatment days would improve @entity1 compliance and reduce the incidence of AEs.

title: @entity10127 once daily for 5 days versus 7 days for the treatment of XXXX : a randomized, multicentre, double-blind study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity10127 :: ('MESH:C103274', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemifloxacin', 'gemifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['non-inferiority']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']


abstract: Primary @entity706 is extremely rare. We present an asymptomatic case of primary combined DLBCL--MALT @entity706 in a 78-year-old @entity1 in whom definitive diagnosis was made with laparotomic cholecystectomy. Preoperative diagnosis was supported by NMR, CT and PET scans. The pathological report identified a polypoid lesion measuring 3.5 cm in diameter. A @entity1893 with two different coexisting patterns was identified histologically: large diffuse @entity1892 (DLBCL) associated with focal areas of extranodal marginal zone @entity1892 (MALT-type) of the gallbladder. The postoperative course was uneventful and the @entity1 is currently without clinical or radiological signs of disease. Chemotherapy was not indicated due to @entity13675 . In conclusion, a primary @entity706 is a rare entity. Radiological findings may be helpful, but cholecistectomy may be necessary for definitive diagnosis. In this report, we describe the possible association between MALT and @entity1085 .

title: Simultaneous occurrence of primary diffuse large @entity1892 and extranodal marginal zone (MALT) XXXX in the gallbladder: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['DLBCL of the gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma of the gallbladder', 'gallbladder lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity13675 :: ('MESH:C536187', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopathy']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell lymphoma']


abstract: Numerous epidemiological studies have associated episodes of increased air pollution with increased incidence of @entity1576 , including @entity55 , croup, and @entity3617 . @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ) and @entity3636 are among 33 hazardous air pollutants identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as presenting the greatest threat to public health in the largest number of urban areas. Also, both are common indoor air pollutants. Here, we assessed the potential effects of @entity4966 and @entity3636 on resistance to @entity2348 (AM) function. @entity2659 @entity19 were exposed by inhalation to filtered air (control) or concentrations of @entity4966 ranging from 5 to 200   ppm, or concentrations of @entity3636 ranging from 100 to 2000   ppm. Immediately following exposure, @entity19 were challenged with an aerosol of @entity11674 and monitored for clearance of bacteria from the lung and mortality. In separate experiments, exposed @entity19 were injected intratracheally with viable bacteria and phagocytic function was evaluated in macrophages obtained from lung washes 30   min later. The NOEL for enhanced mortality to infection was 25   ppm for @entity4966 and 500   ppm for @entity3636 . Relative to the air controls, differences in clearance of bacteria from the lung were noted in @entity19 exposed to @entity4966 (NOEL   =   50   ppm) and to @entity3636 (NOEL 100   ppm), and differences in AM phagocytic index were noted for @entity4966 (NOEL   =   100   ppm) and for @entity3636 (NOEL < 100   ppm). The data support the utility of the @entity11674 infectivity model in assessing potential increased risk of @entity1729 and suggest that delayed clearance of bacteria from the lung or decreased phagocytosis are viable alternatives to mortality as an endpoint. Collectively, these endpoints are among the most sensitive health effects reported for @entity4966 .

title: Suppression of pulmonary host defenses and enhanced susceptibility to @entity1729 in XXXX following inhalation exposure to @entity4965 and @entity3636 .

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary bacterial infection and related alveolar macrophage']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity11674 :: ('40041', 'Species') :: ['S. zooepidemicus', 'Streptococcus zooepidemicus']

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['Trichloroethylene']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: To implement a knowledge-based clinical decision support system for clinical information systems, it is crucial to verify and validate the knowledge base. This study developed and tested the @entity101 management CDSS, named @entity3917 . This study used a knowledge representation framework based on @entity12337 and developed a knowledge converter to translate knowledge encoded into the knowledge engine. To verify knowledge converted through the knowledge converter that is included in the knowledge representation framework, expected recommendations were made according to the knowledge encoded based on 201 test cases. The expected recommendations were compared to those generated by the knowledge engine. To validate the knowledge base, two physicians reviewed the test cases and made medication orders according to the knowledge base. These medication orders were compared to recommendations generated by the @entity3917 . The concordance rates for compelling indication and absolute contraindication were 85% and 100%, respectively. Another senior physician reviewed and analyzed the discrepancy cases between the orders of the two other physicians and system recommendations. Accordingly, the authors conclude that the knowledge base for @entity101 management became more accurate and practical through the testing process.

title: Verification _ validation of the knowledge base for the XXXX management CDSS.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: AIMS OF THE STUDY: The aims of this study was to report the results of total duodenal diversion in @entity1 with complex @entity11353 ( @entity10189 , acquired @entity851 , columnar lined esophagus, previous surgery). @entity1 -METHODS: Total duodenal diversion has been performed in 107 @entity1 with complex @entity11353 . The standard procedure--including a troncular vagotomy, an antrectomy and a 70 cm Roux-en-Y gastro-jejunostomy--was used in 68 cases (64%). Technical adjustments were necessary in the 39 others @entity1 . RESULTS: Two @entity1 (1.8%) died postoperatively. Permanent healing of @entity2910 was observed within 3 months in 88% of @entity1 . @entity2910 healed in all @entity1 operated with the standard technique. Three hours postprandial pH-monitoring was normal postoperatively in 92% of @entity1 . Four anastomotic @entity1066 occurred in @entity1 who did not have vagotomy. Among @entity1 with columnar lined esophagus, one complete and six partial regressions were observed; no malignant degeneration was observed with a 210- @entity1 -year follow-up. Among the 39 peptic stenoses, all except one (2.6%) resolved. @entity2383 occurred in 27% of @entity1 within the first postoperative months; these disorders persisted in 14% of @entity1 (Visick III or IV) after 3 years. The @entity74 (dumping syndrome, @entity1066 , @entity294 ) were observed when a two-thirds distal gastrectomy has been performed to avoid the dangerous completion of vagotomy after a previous @entity195 . CONCLUSION: These results suggest that total duodenal diversion is a suitable treatment of complex @entity11353 .

title: [Total duodenal diversion in the treatment of complex XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short esophagus']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis', 'Esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic ulcer', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['main disorders']

entities_list: @entity11353 :: ('MESH:D004942', 'Disease') :: ['peptic esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Heller's myotomy"]

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['Functional disorders']

answer: @entity11353 :: (MESH:D004942,Disease) :: ['peptic esophagitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One of the common indications for removal of the odontoid process includes decompression of the cervicomedullary junction in @entity1 with @entity528 . Resection of the odontoid process can be accomplished using a completely transnasal endoscopic approach. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of @entity1 with @entity309 undergoing transnasal endoscopic resection of the odontoid to assess preoperative characteristics, @entity260 , and outcomes. @entity1 were followed for a minimum of 3 months in the postoperative period and/or until @entity204 . In addition to the primary procedure, those @entity1 with preoperative cervical instability underwent posterior fusion of the upper cervical spine to the occiput for stabilization during the same hospitalization. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 underwent transnasal endoscopic resection of the odontoid process for @entity2850 . Perioperatively, four @entity1 required a tracheostomy; two of whom had significant preoperative @entity409 . Two @entity1 experienced postoperative @entity1739 , which was transient. No @entity1 had @entity5173 , and there were no perioperative @entity166 complications noted. There was one delayed @entity204 in this @entity1 cohort because of a presumed @entity358 . Otherwise, all @entity1 showed an improvement of their preoperative @entity16 . CONCLUSION: This early series of @entity1 with @entity309 shows the feasibility of a fully endoscopic, completely transnasal approach for the resection of the odontoid process. Potential advantages include improved visualization, limited morbidity, @entity158 , and faster recovery than traditional approaches.

title: Experience with the expanded endonasal approach for resection of the odontoid process in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid pannus']

entities_list: @entity1739 :: ('MESH:D014681', 'Disease') :: ['velopharyngeal incompetence']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngeal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid or degenerative pannus and brainstem compression']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leaks']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolus']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['decreased pain']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['arthritic degeneration']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid disease']


abstract: @entity8 , a primary @entity631 , is principally characterized by mesangial deposits of IgA immune complexes. Recently, it has been demonstrated that cultured glomerular mesangial cells (MC) express Fc alpha and Fc gamma receptors. In this work, we studied whether the interaction of soluble aggregates of IgA and IgG (AIgA and AIgG) with MC triggers a number of responses, including generation and release of inflammatory mediators, cell proliferation, and catabolism of the complexes. Aggregates bound to MC and were catabolized in a time-dependent manner. The percentage of cell-associated or -degraded proteins decreased in the presence of Fc, but not with Fab fragments. Both AIgA and AIgG elicited the synthesis and release of @entity1505 and @entity568 in a dose-dependent manner, reaching a maximum between 6 and 12 h, respectively. Northern blot analysis showed that both aggregates induced the expression of mRNA encoding @entity1505 and @entity568 . Because MC proliferation is a morphologic feature commonly observed in @entity1 with @entity8 , we examined whether immune aggregates could be involved in this phenomenon. Both AIgA and AIgG induced an increase in MC number, assessed by @entity665 and @entity6693 uptake. The presence of anti- @entity1505 or anti- @entity568 Abs in the medium decreased the proliferative effect triggered by aggregates. These results show that Fc alpha and Fc gamma receptor occupancy of MC induces the synthesis and release of inflammatory cytokines and proliferation, as well as the phagocytosis of stimulatory proteins. These findings could have implications for the understanding of @entity32 and repair in @entity8 .

title: Soluble IgA and IgG aggregates are catabolized by cultured rat mesangial cells and induce production of XXXX and @entity568 , and proliferation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IgA nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity1505 :: (24835(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['TNF-alpha']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate two recruitment strategies used during the full-scale randomized, placebo-controlled @entity4259 and @entity270 Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) at one clinical center. BACKGROUND: Recruitment of @entity1 to @entity5 prevention trials is challenging and costly and more efficient methods are needed. METHODS: SELECT @entity1 were males >= 60 years old who were solicited with two recruitment strategies. In the control strategy, potential @entity1 , identified through purchased mailing lists, were sent a SELECT invitation letter. In the 'spouse' strategy, letters were sent to married postmenopausal @entity1 already participating in the @entity1 's Health Initiative (WHI) at our clinical center asking them to provide an enclosed SELECT invitation letter (identical to the one in the control strategy) to the ' @entity1 in her life'. Our hypothesis was that SELECT recruitment of @entity1 would be enhanced by this indirect mailing to their spouses already participating in a similar program. RESULTS: In the control strategy, 183,315 invitation letters were mailed to 60,000 @entity1 ; cumulative response was 2.16%; 600 @entity1 ultimately enrolled in SELECT (15.1% of respondents) for a mailing recruitment cost of  259 per @entity1 . In the spouse strategy, 800 @entity1 participating in WHI clinical studies had husbands; of the 2214 invitation letters mailed to this group of @entity1 , cumulative response was 2.75%; 34 @entity1 ultimately enrolled in SELECT (55.7% of respondents) for a mailing recruitment cost of  59 per @entity1 . LIMITATION: Process information on how invitation letters were handled in the spouse strategy was not collected. CONCLUSION: A direct mail recruitment strategy was successful in recruiting @entity1 to a @entity5 prevention trial. A recruitment strategy involving indirect mailing to married @entity1 participating in a similar research program in the same center did not increase initial response substantially, but a higher proportion of respondents ultimately entered the prevention trial.

title: Prospective evaluation of two recruitment strategies for a randomized controlled XXXX prevention trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'participant', 'Women', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['Selenium']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin E']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BenM and CatM control transcription of a complex regulon for aromatic compound degradation. These @entity22760 baylyi paralogues belong to the largest family of prokaryotic transcriptional regulators, the LysR-type proteins. Whereas BenM activates transcription synergistically in response to two effectors, @entity10555 and @entity22761 , CatM responds only to @entity22761 . Here, site-directed mutagenesis was used to determine the physiological significance of an unexpected @entity10555 -binding pocket in BenM discovered during structural studies. Residues in BenM were changed to match those of CatM in this hydrophobic pocket. Two BenM residues, R160 and Y293, were found to mediate the response to @entity10555 . Additionally, alteration of these residues caused @entity10555 to inhibit activation by @entity22761 , positioned in a separate primary effector-binding site of BenM. The location of the primary site, in an interdomain cleft, is conserved in diverse LysR-type regulators. To improve understanding of this important family, additional regulatory mutants were analysed. The atomic-level structures were characterized of the effector-binding domains of variants that do not require inducers for activation, CatM( @entity22762 ) and BenM( @entity22762 , @entity22763 ). These structures clearly resemble those of the wild-type proteins in their activated @entity22764 -bound complexes. @entity535 replacements that enable activation without effectors reside at protein interfaces that may impact transcription through effects on oligomerization.

title: Inducer responses of BenM, a LysR-type transcriptional regulator from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity22760 :: ('62977', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['Amino acid']

entities_list: @entity22761 :: ('MESH:C005939', 'Chemical') :: ['cis,cis-muconate']

entities_list: @entity22764 :: ('CHEBI:36157', 'Chemical') :: ['muconate']

answer: @entity22760 :: (62977,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1']