abstract: In an effort to prevent intraperitoneal dissemination of @entity356 , local chemotherapy with @entity1138 adsorbed to activated @entity505 ( @entity19614 ) has been implemented. Results of clinical studies showed improved survival and a reduced systemic @entity137 after the use of prophylactic treatment with @entity19614 . A significantly higher rate of intraperitoneal septic complications following @entity19614 therapy was found. The aim of this study was to assess whether intraperitoneal @entity19614 affects wound healing or healing of intestinal anastomoses. Standardized laparotomy was performed in 77 @entity35 . The examinations were performed in 27 animals in the control group, 24 animals in the charcoal group, and 26 animals in the @entity19614 group. The animals and groups were distributed randomly. After an ileal anastomosis was performed, @entity19614 , charcoal, or @entity2827 0.9% was administered intraperitoneally. After 10 days, collagen content as well as bursting strength/pressure of the fasciotomy and the anastomotic site was examined. Body weight and blood parameters analyzed included hemoglobin level, white blood cell count, platelet count, and total protein. Concerning body weight and hematology, no significant changes were observed. Three of 26 animals in the @entity19614 group, 2/24 in the charcoal group and 1/27 in the control group developed an @entity834 . The bursting pressure of the anastomoses and the bursting strength of the fasciotomy as well as the relative collagen content did not differ significantly after treatment with @entity36592 or @entity1138 compared to the control group. Local inflammation consisting of @entity738 was detected histologically in the @entity19614 group and to a lesser extent in the charcoal group. In conclusion, no significant influence of intraperitoneal @entity1138 adsorbed on activated charcoal, in terms of its effect systemically or its effect on wound healing, could be demonstrated as a result of slow release. Histological changes seen with the use of activated charcoal suggest that perhaps a more ideal absorbable carrier should be sought.

title: Influence of intraperitoneal therapy with @entity1138 adsorbed on activated XXXX on anastomotic and wound healing in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['charcoal-laden granulomas']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 5524 Background: To evaluate the long-term treatment outcome in @entity1 with advanced stage @entity189 ( @entity189 ) treated by @entity900 -based induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy (CRT) versus radiotherapy alone (RT). METHODS: The updated records of two previously reported phase III studies (the Asian-Oceania Clinical Oncology Association trial and the Guangzhou trial). testing the benefit of adding induction chemotherapy to radiotherapy in @entity189 were reviewed and the data were pooled together for analysis. A total of 784 @entity1 were included for analysis, with equal number of @entity1 in both the CRT and RT arms. The induction chemotherapy consisting of 2-3 cycles of @entity900 100 mg/m(2) day 1, @entity1732 10 mg/m(2) day 1 _ 5, and @entity1487 800 mg/m(2) day 1-5, or @entity900 60 mg/m(2) day 1 and @entity1259 110 mg/m(2) day 1. Radiotherapy was given to the nasopharynx and neck using megavoltage radiation, with a median dose of 70 Gy. Treatment compliance was 92.6% in the CRT arm and 98% in the RT arm. The median follow-up time for surviving @entity1 was 67 months. Analysis was done by intention to treat. RESULTS: The addition of induction chemotherapy to radiotherapy was associated with a decrease in relapse by 14.3% and @entity5 deaths by 12.9% at 5 years. The 5-year relapse-free survival rate was 50.9% in the CRT arm and 42.7% in the RT arm (p=0.014), and the 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 63.5% in the CRT arm and 58.1% in the RT arm (p=0.029). The median disease-specific survival was not yet reached in the CRT arm and it was 82 months in the RT arm. The incidence of loco-regional failure and distant metastases were reduced by 18.3% and 13.3% at 5 years respectively with induction chemotherapy. There was no significant difference in the failure patterns between the 2 arms. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of @entity900 -based induction chemotherapy to radiotherapy was associated with a modest but significant improvement in survival in advanced stage @entity189 . No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Long-term survival after @entity900 -based induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy for XXXX : A pooled data analysis of two phase III trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neonatal @entity510 and @entity600 have been reported, possibly related to maternal @entity17105 deficiency during pregnancy after bariatric surgery. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of screening and supplementation on K1 serum levels in pregnant @entity1 with bariatric surgery, and to compare K1 levels and prothrombin time (PT %) in the first trimester with pregnant @entity1 without bariatric surgery. METHODS: A prospective cohort study including 49 pregnant @entity1 with bariatric surgery. @entity3147 were prospectively screened. In case of observed low K1 serum levels, supplementation was provided. K1 serum levels and PT (%) during the first trimester were compared with a nonsurgical control group of 27 @entity1 . RESULTS: During the first trimester, most @entity1 had low K1 serum levels (<0.8 nmol/l). Mean @entity17105 levels were significantly lower in the surgical group compared to the nonsurgical control group (.44 versus .64 nmol/l; P = .016). PT (%) remained in the normal range, The surgery group showed a higher mean PT compared to the controls (111.3 versus 98.9%; P<.001) Mean K1 serum levels in the study group were higher during the third than during the first trimester (P = .014). PT (%) was significantly higher during the second and third than during the first trimester (P = .004). Most of the coagulation factors, including II, V, VII, IX, and X, remained within normal ranges. CONCLUSION: Low circulating K1 appears to be common in pregnant @entity1 with and without bariatric surgery. Supplementation during pregnancy can restore @entity17105 in @entity1 with bariatric surgery, potentially protecting the fetus and newborn against @entity932 .

title: XXXX monitoring in pregnancies after bariatric surgery: a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleedings']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defects']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['Nutritional deficiencies']

answer: @entity17105 :: (MESH:D010837,Chemical) :: ['Vitamin K1']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1129 ( @entity1129 ) has been proposed as a possible improvement over waist circumference (WC) as a marker of abdominal adiposity because it removes the correlation of WC with body mass index (BMI) and with height. We assessed the association of @entity1129 with four @entity28 -related @entity5 compared to that of other anthropometric measures of adiposity. METHODS: We used data from the @entity1 's Health Initiative, a large cohort of postmenopausal @entity1 , recruited between 1993 and 1998 and followed until September 2013, to assess the associations of @entity1129 and other anthropometric measures with risk of @entity5 of the breast, endometrium, colorectum, and kidney. The four comparison anthropometric measures were BMI, WC, waist circumference-to-height ratio (WHtR), and waist-hip ratio (WHR). Over a median of 12.7  years of follow-up, among 143,901 @entity1 , we identified 7,039 invasive @entity0 , 1,157 @entity1204 , 1,908 @entity14 . We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the association of quintiles of the five measures with risk of the four @entity5 . RESULTS: Unlike the other anthropometric indices, @entity1129 was not associated with increased risk of @entity0 . BMI and WC were comparable as predictors of @entity0 , and these associations were unchanged after mutual adjustment. For @entity14 , @entity1129 was a significant predictor comparable to BMI; however, WC showed the strongest association with @entity14 , and WC, WHtR, and WHR all showed stronger associations with @entity703 . CONCLUSION: In contrast to other anthropometric measures, @entity1129 showed no association with risk of @entity0 and was more weakly associated with risk of @entity14 compared to more established measures of central adiposity.

title: Risk of breast, endometrial, @entity14 in postmenopausal XXXX in association with a body shape index and other anthropometric measures.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancers']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast or endometrial cancer', 'breast cancers', 'breast and endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['ABSI', 'A body shape index']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers, and 376 kidney cancers', 'colorectal and kidney cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recent reports in the literature have described a significant discrepancy in adverse outcomes between coil embolization (CE; 10%) and surgical clipping (SC; 25%) for the management of unruptured @entity438 (UIA). This discrepancy led us to analyze our experience. METHODS: In 1996, we designed a prospective study of @entity1 with UIA in which CE was considered the treatment of choice and was performed if the interventional neuroradiologists deemed the @entity439 's fundus-to-neck ratio accessible for CE. SC was performed only if complete CE was unlikely to be achieved or in @entity1 in whom CE already had failed. RESULTS: CE was performed in 38 @entity1 with at least one UIA (41 UIAs, 83% in the anterior circulation). SC was performed in 39 @entity1 with at least one UIA unsuitable for CE (59 UIAs, including 6 after failed CE, 96.5% in the anterior circulation). For CE, the total obliteration rate was 56.1%, the subtotal was 14.6%, and CE failed in 29.3%. There were transient complications in 10% of the cases and permanent complications in 7.5%. Of the 12 failed CE procedures, 7 (58%) were performed for @entity438 . For SC, the total obliteration rate was 93.2%, the subtotal was 1.7%, and SC failed (wrapping) in 5.1%. There were transient complications in 16.3% of the @entity1 and permanent complications in 1.7%. The success rate for CE was similar to that for SC only when CE was used for @entity439 with a fundus-to-neck ratio of at least 2.5. CONCLUSION: SC can produce better results than CE in @entity1 with UIA of the anterior circulation. CE as a first-line treatment should be reserved for @entity1 with UIAs with a fundus-to-neck ratio of 2.5 or greater.

title: Surgical clipping may lead to better results than coil embolization: results from a series of 101 consecutive unruptured XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms', 'middle cerebral artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This multicenter prospective, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of @entity66399 against the progression of @entity1575 toward @entity82 in alcoholics. Seven hundred eighty-nine alcoholics with an average intake of 16 drinks per day were enrolled. To control excessive @entity457 , @entity1 were referred to a standard 12-step-based alcoholism treatment program, but most @entity1 refused to attend. Accordingly, study follow-up procedures incorporated the essential features of the brief-intervention approach. An overall substantial and sustained reduction in @entity457 was observed. Hepatic histological and other findings are described in a companion article. METHODS: @entity1 were randomized to receive daily three tablets of either @entity66399 or placebo. Monthly follow-up visits included an extensive session with a medical nurse along with brief visits with a study physician (hepatologist or gastroenterologist). A detailed physical examination occurred every 6 months. In addition, telephone consultations with the nurse were readily available. All @entity1 had a liver biopsy before entry; a repeat biopsy was scheduled at 24 and 48 months. RESULTS: There was a striking decrease in average daily @entity167 intake to approximately 2.5 drinks per day. This was sustained over the course of the trial, lasting from 2 to 6 years. The effect was similar both in early dropouts and long-term @entity1 , i.e., those with a 24-month biopsy or beyond. CONCLUSIONS: In a treatment trial of @entity1575 , a striking reduction in @entity167 consumption from 16 to 2.5 daily drinks was achieved with a brief-intervention approach, which consisted of a relative economy of therapeutic efforts that relied mainly on treatment sessions with a medical nurse accompanied by shorter reinforcing visits with a physician. This approach deserves generalization to address the heavy @entity457 problems commonly encountered in primary care and medical specialty practices.

title: I. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study of @entity66399 in alcoholic liver disease: effects on XXXX behavior by nurse/physician teams.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity457 :: ('MESH:D063425', 'Disease') :: ['drinking']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis', 'alcoholic liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66399 :: ('MESH:C005152', 'Chemical') :: ['polyenylphosphatidylcholine']

answer: @entity457 :: (MESH:D063425,Disease) :: ['drinking']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Oxidative stress due to excessive accumulation of reactive @entity26 or @entity1568 species in the brain as seen in certain @entity179 can have deleterious effects on neurons. @entity273 , endogenously generated in neurons under normal physiological conditions, can produce an excess of @entity3787 radical via a Fenton mediated mechanism. This may induce acute oxidative injury if not scavenged or removed effectively by antioxidants. There are several biochemical assay methods to estimate oxidative injury in cells; however, they do not provide information on the biochemical changes as the cells get damaged progressively under oxidative stress. Raman microspectroscopy offers the possibility of real time monitoring of the chemical composition of live cells undergoing oxidative stress under physiological conditions. In the present study, a hippocampal neuron coculture was used to observe the acute impact of @entity3787 radicals generated by @entity273 in the presence of @entity8798 (Fenton reaction). Raman peaks related to nucleic acids (725, 782, 1092, 1320, 1340, 1420, and 1576 cm(-1)) showed time-dependent changes over the experimental period (60 min), indicating the breakdown of the phosphodiester backbone as well as nuclear bases. Interestingly, @entity620 (a potent antioxidant) when cotreated with Fenton reactants showed protection of cells as inferred from the Raman spectra, presumably by scavenging @entity3787 radicals. Little or no change in the Raman spectra was observed for untreated control cells and for cells exposed to @entity8798 only, @entity5568 only, and @entity9050 only. A live-dead assay study also supported the current observations. Hence, Raman microspectroscopy has the potential to be an excellent noninvasive tool for early detection of oxidative stress that is seen in @entity179 .

title: XXXX Protects Neurons against Oxidative Stress: A Raman Microspectroscopic Study.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen peroxide', 'hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate']

answer: @entity9050 :: (CHEBI:38290,Chemical) :: ['Ascorbate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We report a 56-year-olds female with @entity943 due acute @entity385 without structural @entity299 . CASE DESCRIPTION: A @entity1 presented with sudden onset of lethargy, right @entity1158 , and @entity2026 . There was previous history of @entity64 1 year ago presented with left @entity1158 that recovered completely during 10 days. There was no history of comorbid illness. The brain CT revealed extensive @entity6152 in left temporoparietal region suggestive of @entity1188 without midline shift. General examination revealed @entity551 and @entity1168 that treated with @entity935 that gradually recovered during 5 days thus infusion of @entity935 discontinued, and muscular power in paretic limbs and @entity2026 was recovered. In 6th day of admission electrocardiographic monitoring of @entity1 showed a rapidly changing @entity591 including @entity7129 , @entity955 , and @entity956 that quickly interchanged to another, without hemodynamic instability and alteration in mental status. Laboratory tests and TEE study were normal. During 48 hour @entity943 relived spontaneously. DISCUSSION: @entity64 can cause any type of @entity943 that may not be constant.

title: Rapidly changing @entity591 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity6152 :: ('MESH:C565408', 'Disease') :: ['hypodensity']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['global aphasia', 'aphasia']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia', 'supraventricular arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: To predict lymph node @entity3 and @entity5 invasiveness in @entity2220 from computed tomography findings, we examined computed tomography number histograms of clinical T1 N0 M0 lung @entity420 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Histograms of pixel computed tomography numbers were made for 100 @entity1 with clinical T1 N0 M0 @entity2220 . @entity5 stages were N0 in 80 @entity1 , N1 in 7, N2 in 9, and T4 due to intrapulmonary @entity3 in 4. RESULTS: The histogram showed 3 patterns: 1 peak at a low computed tomography number (n = 18), 1 peak at a high computed tomography number (n = 54), and 2 peaks at both low and high computed tomography numbers (n = 28). Histologically, @entity420 with 1 peak at a low computed tomography number showed a large area of @entity133 -like spread with little area of solid growing @entity5 or central @entity82 , whereas those with 1 peak at a high computed tomography number showed a large area of solid growing @entity5 or central @entity82 with @entity133 -like spread. @entity420 with 2 peaks had both types of areas. Lymph node or pulmonary @entity3 were seen in none (0%) of the @entity420 with 1 peak at a low computed tomography number, in 1 (4%) with 2 peaks, and in 20 (37%) with 1 peak at a high computed tomography number. The former 2 types had @entity3 less frequently than those with 1 peak at a high computed tomography number (P <.01). In the 79 @entity1 with pathological T1 N0 M0, @entity5 involvement of the intratumoral vessels or pleura was seen in 1 of 18 (6%) @entity420 with 1 peak at a low computed tomography number, which was significantly less frequent than the 18 of 34 (53%) with 1 peak at a high computed tomography number (P <.001) and 10 of 27 (37%) with 2 peaks (P <.05). CONCLUSION: Clinical T1 N0 M0 @entity420 with 1 peak at a low computed tomography number on histogram seldom had lymph node @entity3 or @entity5 involvement of vessels or pleura. Limited surgical resection could be indicated for this type of @entity420 , especially for elderly @entity1 or @entity1 with poor pulmonary function.

title: Histogram analysis of computed tomography numbers of clinical T1 N0 M0 @entity2220 , with special reference to lymph node @entity3 and XXXX invasiveness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Pathological tumor']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['bronchioloalveolar carcinoma', 'little bronchioloalveolar carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma', 'Adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: When cervical cytology screening shows @entity10479 ( @entity10479 ) or @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ), and cervical cytology screening has not been performed in the previous year, it is recommended that cytology screening be repeated six months later. @entity1 with persistent abnormalities should be referred for colposcopy. We explored provincial databases in Ontario to determine whether these recommendations were always followed. METHODS: Cervical cytology reports in Ontario are contained in a provincial database, deterministically linkable to other health services databases, including those recording physician reimbursement claims for colposcopy. We identified all @entity1 in Ontario who had a first time diagnosis of @entity10479 or @entity2784 in 2008 or 2009. We searched for additional cytology reports and for colposcopy billing claims during the 24 months following the date of the first abnormal report. We assessed the interaction of socioeconomic status, having abnormal cytology, and having repeat cytology after a report of low-grade abnormal cervical cytology. RESULTS: A total of 74 770 @entity1 had a first time report of low-grade abnormal cytology. Among @entity1 with @entity10479 and @entity2784 , 69.7% and 60.3%, respectively, underwent repeat cytology. Repeat cytology following @entity10479 disclosed normal (68.2%), @entity10479 (19.3%), @entity2784 (10.6%), and high-grade squamous @entity75 (1.4%); following @entity2784 , the corresponding percentages were 48.3%, 18.0%, 30.8%, and 2.6%. Of @entity1 with @entity10479 , 16.2% went directly for colposcopy; 14.0% did not repeat cytology or go for colposcopy. Of @entity1 with @entity2784 , 26.4% went directly for colposcopy but 13.4% had no follow-up. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated the potential for substantial improvement in cervical cytology six months after a finding of @entity10479 and @entity2784 . We found that many @entity1 with @entity10479 and @entity2784 had unnecessary referrals directly for colposcopy, and we identified a lack of follow-up for one sixth of @entity1 with low-grade abnormal cytology.

title: Are there flaws in the follow-up of XXXX with low-grade cervical dysplasia in ontario?

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion', 'LSIL']

entities_list: @entity10479 :: ('MESH:D065309', 'Disease') :: ['ASCUS', 'atypical squamous cells of unknown significance']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial lesion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) is a useful imaging modality which is used during RF ablation procedures to identify anatomical structures. Utilizing ICE in conjunction with myocardial elastography (ME) can provide additional information on the mechanical properties of cardiac tissue and provide information on mechanical changes caused by ablation. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that ICE can be used at high frame rate using a diverging beam transmit sequence to image @entity296 and differentiate myocardial tissue properties before, during, and after ablation for a clinical ablation procedure. In this feasibility study, three normal @entity235 and eight @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ) were studied in vivo. A 5.8-MHz ICE transducer was used to image the heart with a diverging beam transmit method achieving 1200 frames per second (fps). Cumulative axial displacement estimation was performed using 1-D cross-correlation with a window size of 2.7 mm and 95% overlap. Axial cumulative strains were estimated in the left atrium (LA) and right atrium (RA) using a least-squares estimator with a kernel of 2 mm on the axial displacements. In the @entity235 case, radial thickening was detected in the lateral wall and in the interatrial septum during LA emptying. For @entity955 @entity1 , the mean absolute strain in the ablated region was lower (6.7    3.1%) than before the ablation (17.4    9.3%) in LA at the end of the LA emptying phase. In the cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) region, mean absolute strain magnitude at the end of the RA emptying phase was found to be higher during ablation (43.0    18.1%) compared with after ablation (33.7    15.8%). Myocardial strains in the LA of an @entity955 @entity1 were approximately 2.6 times lower in the ablated region than before ablation. This initial feasibility indicates that ME can be used as a new imaging modality in conjunction with ICE in RF ablation guidance and lesion monitoring.

title: Intracardiac myocardial elastography in @entity235 and XXXX in vivo.

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'canines']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial strain']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 9605 Background: NK cells express killer immunoglobulin receptors ( @entity9371 ) that recognize certain HLA class I ligands, thus preventing them from killing those cells. In @entity8 , mismatch between donor and recipient @entity9371 ligands correlated with a remarkably low relapse rate. We investigated if @entity137 ( @entity137 ) mediated by allogeneic NK cells against the @entity1722 + cell line, SKBR3, is affected by @entity9371 ligand incompatibility. Furthermore, we investigated if @entity9371 inhibition could be overcome by trastuzumab. METHODS: Genotyping established that donor 1 and the SKBR3 cell line belonged to the C1 group, whereas donor 2 was in the C2 group. @entity9371 genotyping established that donor 2 had all of donor 1's @entity9371 genes, plus the inhibitory 2DL5A and the activating 2 @entity19 and 3 @entity1 genes. Donor NK cells were isolated using a magnetic bead isolation kit, and NK cell @entity137 was assessed by flow cytometry. In some experiments, trastuzumab (50ug/ml) was added to the target cells 30 minutes prior to the addition of NK cells. RESULTS: Donor 1 NK cells ( @entity18698 compatible with SKBR3 cells) exhibited greater @entity137 as compared to donor 2 NK cells ( @entity18698 disparate) at E:T ratios from 15:1 to 3:1. At an E:T of 15:1, donor 1 NK cells exhibited 23% greater @entity137 compared to donor 2 NK cells. When SKBR3 cells were incubated with trastuzumab, donor 1 @entity137 increased by 90% (from 43 to 82%) at an E:T of 15:1. Donor 2 @entity137 increased by 86% (from 37 to 64%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity18698 matched NK cells had increased @entity137 against SKBR3 compared to HLA-mismatched NK cells, contrary to observations previously reported in @entity1778 and @entity1358 . Differences in NK cell activity may have resulted from additional non- @entity9371 inhibitory receptors in donor 2 or non- @entity9371 activating receptors in donor 1. Alternatively, the activating receptor 2DS3 in donor 2 may have had a paradoxical adverse effect on NK function. Trastuzumab clearly augmented NK cell alloreactivity and may be a potent adjuvant to NK- based cellular therapy even in the setting of NK cell inhibition by @entity18698 inhibitory ligands. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Natural killer (NK) cell alloreactivity against breast cancer is not predicted by @entity9371 / XXXX ligand incompatibility but is augmented by trastuzumab.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['haploidentical transplantation for leukemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['ADCC', 'toxicity', 'antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity9371 :: (3805,Gene) :: ['KIR']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Injury prevention in @entity9963 is one of the most important occupational health challenges. AIM: The aim was to describe and compare internationally the trends of the fatal @entity130 and to discuss the impact of the implemented safety programs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The review is based on journal articles and reports from the maritime authorities in Poland, United Kingdom, Norway, Iceland, Denmark, United States and Alaska and Canada. The original incidence rates were recalculated as @entity307 ,000 @entity1 -years for international comparison of the trends. RESULTS: The risk of fatal accidents in @entity9963 in the northern countries has been reduced by around 50% to an average of about 1 @entity307 ,000 @entity1 -years. Norway and Canada keep the lowest rates with around 0.5 and 0.25 @entity307 ,000 @entity1 -years. About half of the fatal injuries are related to @entity6520 and drowning. The safety programs seem to have good effects, but the risk is still about 25 to 50 times higher than for onshore workers. CONCLUSIONS: The overall fatal injury rates in the European and North American studies decreased by around 50% most probably as result of the implemented safety programs. However the high risk in @entity9963 compared to onshore workers calls for continued and intensified safety programs.

title: A review of fatal accident incidence rate trends in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6520 :: ('MESH:C536223', 'Disease') :: ['vessel disasters']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury incidence rates']

answer: @entity9963 :: (MESH:D005393,Disease) :: ['fishing']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to assess the immediate and short-term impact of successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ) and @entity1162 (QTc disp). Secondarily, the impact of PCI on QT and QTc disp within different @entity1188 and the impact of successful PCI in these different arteries were evaluated. METHODS: @entity1 (n = 140, age 61.6 +/- 12.9, 69% male) undergoing direct primary PCI for acute MI were evaluated. Twelve-lead ECGs were obtained before (baseline), immediately after (0 h), 24hours after, and 3 days after PCI. The QT and QTc interval in each of the 12-leads were measured and the shortest interval was subtracted from the longest to derive the @entity1162 , respectively. RESULTS: Angiography showed blockages in the left anterior descending, right coronary artery, and circumflex in 37.1, 48.9, and 15.0% of @entity1 , respectively. Overall, 97 @entity1 achieved successful reflow. QT and QTc disp were significantly improved in the group with successful reflow at each follow-up time after PCI versus baseline and corresponding values in the unsuccessful reflow group. @entity1162 was improved among @entity1 with successful reflow irrespective of which @entity1188 artery was responsible for the acute @entity583 . CONCLUSIONS: Successful reflow with PCI is associated with a rapid reduction in @entity1162 that is maintained for at least 3 days after the event. Conversely, unsuccessful reflow was not associated with significant reductions in @entity1162 .

title: The immediate and short-term effect of successful percutaneous coronary intervention on repolarization in acute XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QT or QTc disp', 'corrected QT dispersion', 'QT disp and QTc disp', 'QT dispersion', 'QT disp']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarct-related arteries']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Background and objective: Breast cancer-related lymphoedema (BCRL) is a disabling complication with long term impact on quality on life after @entity0 treatment. Its management remains a major challenge for @entity1 and health care professionals; the goal of this overview was to summarize effects of different treatment strategies for @entity1 with BCRL. Methods: A thorough search was undertaken to allow a systematic review or meta-analysis of treatments for BCRL. Two investigators independently selected studies and abstracted the data. Results: Combined physical therapy (CPT) with different combinations of surgery, oral pharmaceuticals, low-level laser therapy, @entity353 , mesenchymal stem cell therapy, kinesio tex taping, and acupuncture might be effective in reducing lymphoedema, but exercise demonstrated no obvious benefit. The results of direct comparisons showed CPT might be more effective than standard physiotherapy (ST). @entity3329 ( @entity3329 ) may not offer additional benefits to ST for swelling reduction, but could facilitate compression bandaging. @entity3329 seemed to have similar effects with self-administered @entity3329 ( @entity3329 ) or using an intermittent pneumatic compression pump (IPC). IPC might also not be associated with additional effectiveness for CPT. Efficacy of stem cell therapy vs. compression sleeve or CPT, as well as the effects of daflon and @entity1524 could not be established. Conclusion: Although many treatments for BCRL might reduce lymphoedema volume, their effects were not well established. The quality of many of the original studies in the included reviews was not optimal, so that in future randomized control trials are a high priority.

title: Current Treatments for XXXX : A Systematic Review

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['MLD', 'Manual lymphatic drainage', 'SLD', 'simple lymphatic drainage']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity1524 :: ('MESH:C030123', 'Chemical') :: ['coumarin']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer-Related Lymphoedema']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the initial cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) success rate and long term survival in an @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) population. @entity1 : All @entity1 with @entity1167 over a 2-year-period (1999-2000) in a general, adult @entity1213 of a general hospital of Athens. METHODS: Retrospective collection of clinical data concerning @entity1 , CPR characteristics and survival rates. RESULTS: We examined 111 @entity1213 @entity1 , aged 56.4+/-1.9 years (72 males). SAPS II score was 43.9+/-3.8. CPR was performed in 98.2% of the @entity1 within 30 s. Initial @entity299 ( @entity299 ) and successful CPR rate was 100% while 24 h survival was 9.2%. Survivors at 24 h were younger, mainly males, with lower SAPS II score, mainly with @entity358 , @entity2224 or @entity1165 (8/10) and initial pupil reactivity (5/10). Four @entity1 required more than one cycle of CPR. Survival to discharge was zero. CONCLUSION: Although the initial successful CPR rate in @entity1213 @entity1 may be high, long term survival and hospital discharge is disappointing. Although @entity1213 @entity1 are better monitored and treated in a timely fashion, they are disadvantaged by chronic underlying diseases, severe current medical illnesses and @entity881 ( @entity881 ) leads to worst outcome after CPR compared with in-ward @entity1 .

title: Efficacy of CPR in a general, adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multi organ dysfunction syndrome', 'MODS']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['Intensive care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['RCF', 'restoration of cardiac function']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1213 :: (MESH:D012555,Disease) :: ['ICU']


abstract: The use of NSAIDs or @entity2247 inhibitors for chemoprevention of @entity14 has been suggested for @entity1 at high risk for this disease. However, the gastrointestinal side effects of traditional NSAIDs which consist of @entity548 and @entity1066 , and the cardiovascular effects of @entity2247 inhibitors may limit their usefulness. In preclinical studies, our laboratory has shown that the addition of @entity2434 (PC) to the NSAIDs @entity117 (ASA) or @entity5018 ( @entity12690 ) results in a NSAID-PC with fewer GI side effects and also maintained or enhanced analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory efficacy over the unmodified NSAID. Because NSAID-PCs have not been tested for anti- @entity5 activity, in the present study, ASA-PC and @entity12690 -PC were tested on the SW-480 @entity1 @entity694 cell line. SW-480 cells were incubated in media containing 1-5 mM NSAID or NSAID-PC for 2 days. Measurements were made of cell number, cell proliferation (DNA synthesis), and manner of cell death ( @entity39 and apoptosis). ASA and @entity12690 reduced cell number in a dose-dependent manner with @entity12690 showing a greater potency than ASA. The association of PC to the NSAID resulted in greater reductions of cell number for both NSAIDs. Furthermore, the NSAID-PC formulation had significantly greater efficacy and potency to inhibit cellular DNA synthesis than the unmodified NSAID. PC alone at the doses and times used had no effect on cell number in this cell line, but did have a small effect to reduce DNA synthesis. None of the drugs had a clear effect on cell death by @entity39 . Only @entity12690 and @entity12690 -PC caused cell death by apoptosis in SW-480 cells. We conclude that NSAID-PCs have activity to impede the growth of @entity694 cells in vitro, which is due, in major part, to a marked reduction in DNA synthetic activity of these cells. This growth inhibitory effect appears to be independent of @entity2247 activity, since it is known that SW-480 cells do not have this inducible COX isoform. Due to its greater efficacy in this model system, @entity12690 -PC should be further evaluated as a chemopreventive agent that is safer for the GI tract than unmodified NSAID.

title: @entity2434 -associated nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit DNA synthesis and the growth of XXXX cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of contrast-enhanced ultrasound performed with @entity1584 microbubbles in comparison with unenhanced ultrasound and dynamic CT in the characterization of focal @entity409 during the vascular phase of imaging and in the detection of lesions during the Kupffer phase. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 196 @entity1 were enrolled at 15 centers in Japan. Vascular phase images were obtained before contrast injection until 1 minute after injection. Kupffer phase images were obtained 10 minutes after injection. Dual-phase CT was performed as determined by standard clinical practice at each center. Unenhanced ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and CT images were read by blinded reviewers, and the results they reached regarding characterization and detection were compared with reference standard findings made by onsite investigators. The safety observation period was 72 hours after contrast administration. RESULTS: Among the 190 @entity1 included in the characterization analysis, the accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (88.9%) was significantly greater than that of unenhanced ultrasound (68.4%) and dynamic CT (80.5%) (p < 0.001 and p = 0.008). Among the 191 @entity1 in the detection analysis, the efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in detection of lesions was significantly higher than that of unenhanced ultrasound and dynamic CT (p < 0.001 and p = 0.008), predominantly because more metastatic lesions were detected (both p < 0.001). In particular, contrast-enhanced ultrasound was superior to dynamic CT in the detection of metastatic lesions measuring 1 cm or smaller. The incidence of adverse events was 49.2% and that of adverse drug reactions was 10.4%. All adverse drug reactions were mild. CONCLUSION: Compared with unenhanced ultrasound and dynamic CT, contrast-enhanced ultrasound with @entity1584 microbubbles improved diagnostic efficacy in both characterization and detection of focal @entity409 with no serious adverse drug reactions.

title: Efficacy of XXXX microbubble-enhanced ultrasound in the characterization and detection of focal @entity409 : phase 3 multicenter clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity1584 :: ('MESH:C108042', 'Chemical') :: ['perflubutane']

answer: @entity1584 :: (MESH:C108042,Chemical) :: ['perflubutane']


abstract: 1. @entity5 of the external auditory canal region were produced by oral administration of @entity5997 in 71 @entity35 out of 124 which survived a 6 month period of administration of the compound. In 12 animals the @entity5 were bilateral. @entity5 in other locations, such as the liver, breast, etc., were less frequent. 2. @entity5 were found to originate in the compound sebaceous gland located at the medial end of the external auditory canal. 3. Histologically the @entity5 were sebaceous or keratinizing @entity957 . 4. The @entity5 were found to arise in cystic lobules of the gland, produced by stasis of secretion. 5. @entity5409 of the sebaceous glands appear to be a frequent condition in older @entity35 . The outward bulging of the tympanic membrane with interference in drainage from the gland seems to be a promoting factor in the stasis of sebum. 6. The localizing effect of the preexisting @entity5409 in the sebaceous glands on the carcinogenic action of @entity5997 is discussed.

title: Histogenesis of sebaceous gland carcinomas produced in @entity35 by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions', 'Cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous-cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5997 :: ('MESH:D015073', 'Chemical') :: ['2-acetylaminofluorene']

answer: @entity5997 :: (MESH:D015073,Chemical) :: ['2-acetylaminofluorene']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors which may affect the rate of @entity13211 seroconversion and its durability after long-term @entity16332 therapy in chronic @entity1956 @entity1 . METHODS: 81 @entity1 were treated in a phase III clinical trial with @entity16332 100 mg daily for up to 5 years. The mean period of treatment was (48.84+/-10.52) months (range: 16 approximately 60 months). When @entity13211 seroconversion occurred in the @entity1 , which was defined as loss of @entity13211 and detection of anti-HBe antibody, HBV DNA level less than 10 mEq/ml more than two times (once every 3 months), the @entity16332 treatment was stopped and they were followed-up for another 6 approximately 12 months. The @entity97 DNA level was detected using Branched DNA assay (Chiron). The @entity97 markers were detected using IMX assay (Abbott). @entity97 genotyping was performed using type-specific PCR. The data were analyzed using logistic multivariant analysis. RESULTS: (1) The distribution of @entity97 genotypes was as follows: type B, 17 (20.97%), type C, 62 (76.54%), and type B+C, 2 (2.47%). (2) 26 @entity1 achieved @entity13211 seroconversion (32.10%). The annual seroconversion rates were 16.05% (13/81) in the 1st year, 19.75% (16/81) in the 2nd, 27.16 % (22/81) in the 3rd, 28.40% (23/81) in the 4th and 32.10% (26/81) in the 5th year. Four @entity1 had a reappearance of @entity13211 and an elevation of @entity97 DNA. Therefore the stability ratio was 84.62% (22/26). The mean baseline ALT and @entity97 DNA levels in those who were seroconvered were (104.8+/-86.3) U/L and (940.1+/-1123.7) mEq/ml, respectively. Mean baseline ALT and @entity97 DNA of non-seroconverters were (48.3+/-46.9) U/L and (2152.3+/-3063.5) mEq/ml. There was a significant difference between the two groups shown by Kruskal-Wallis Test (P < 0.05). Analysis by logistic multivariate analysis showed that the rate of @entity13211 seroconversion and its durability rate correlated with a high baseline ALT. In contrast, a relatively low seroconversion rate and durability rate was observed in @entity1 with high baseline @entity97 DNA. The durability rate also correlated with additional @entity16332 treatment after @entity13211 seroconversion. CONCLUSION: Continuation of @entity16332 therapy for more than 6 months after @entity13211 seroconversion might increase the durability of response.

title: [Durability of @entity13211 seroconversion in @entity16332 treatment of chronic XXXX @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 with @entity1494 in whom classical therapy with anticholinergic drugs and intermittent catheterization fails are threatened by high intravesical pressure, vesicoureteral reflux, and @entity8 . Surgery, such as @entity1494 , is often necessary in such cases. To obviate surgery in these high-risk @entity1 , we investigated the use of detrusor injection of botulinum-A toxin (Botox). METHODS: Our subjects were 20 @entity1 with @entity121 and high bladder pressure, over 40 cm @entity2507 despite anticholinergic therapy. After baseline urodynamic measurements, we injected botulinum-A toxin into the detrusor muscle at 30-50 sites at 12 U/kg of body weight up to a maximum of 300 U. Follow-up cystometric measurements were taken two to four weeks and three and six months after injection. RESULTS: From basic measurements to follow-up cystometry, mean reflex volume changed from 97.1 ml before injection to 178.6 ml after four weeks (p<0.01) and to 162.8 ml after three months (p<0.01). After six months mean reflex volume returned to 119.3 ml (n.s.). Maximal bladder capacity changed from 163.1 ml to 219.9 ml (p<0.01), to 200.6 ml (p<0.01) and to 222.4 ml (p<0.01), respectively, and maximal detrusor pressure changed from 59.6 cm @entity2507 to 34.9 cm @entity2507 (p<0.01), to 46.7 cm @entity2507 (n.s.) and to 61.8 cm @entity2507 (n.s.), respectively. CONCLUSION: Botulinum-A toxin (Botox) is effective when injected into the @entity121 . It is a valuable treatment option in the management of @entity1494 . The effect lasts about six months, and then reinjection is necessary.

title: Botulinum-a toxin detrusor injection as a novel approach in the treatment of @entity1494 in XXXX with @entity1494 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of kidney function']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder', 'neurogenic hyper-reflexive bladder', 'bladder augmentation']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-reflexive detrusor muscle']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: The @entity1 gut microbiota play a significant role in nutritional processes. The concept of probiotics has led to widespread consumption of food preparations containing probiotic microbes such as curd and yogurt. Curd prepared at home is consumed every day in most homes in southern India. In this study the home-made curd was evaluated for @entity880 bacteria (LAB) with probiotic potential. METHODS: Fifteen LAB (12 lactobacilli, 1 l0 actococcus , 2 Leuconostoc) and one @entity375 isolated from home-made curd were evaluated for resistance to acid, pepsin, pancreatin and @entity3645 ; antimicrobial resistance; intrinsic antimicrobial activity; adherence to Caco-2 epithelial cells; ability to block pathogen adherence to Caco-2 cells; ability to inhibit @entity687 secretion from HT-29 epithelial cells in response to @entity1838 ; and ability to induce anti-inflammatory cytokine expression in THP-1 monocyte cells. RESULTS: Lactobacillus abundance in fermenting curd peaked sharply at 12 h. Nine of the strains survived exposure to acid (pH 3.0) for at least one hour, and all strains survived in the presence of pancreatin or @entity3645 for 3 h. None showed haemolytic activity. All were resistant to most antimicrobials tested, but were sensitive to @entity2892 . Most strains inhibited the growth of @entity2491 while five inhibited growth of @entity1838 O139. Seven strains showed adherence to Caco-2 cells ranging from 20-104 per cent of adherence of an adherent strain of @entity526 , but all inhibited @entity1838 adherence to Caco-2 cells by 20-100 per cent. They inhibited @entity687 secretion from HT-29 cells, in response to @entity1838 , by 50-80 per cent. Two strains induced @entity688 and IL-12 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression in THP-1 cells. INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSIONS: LAB in curd had properties consistent with probiotic potential, but these were not consistent across species. LAB abundance in curd increased rapidly at 12 h of fermentation at room temperature and declined thereafter.

title: Probiotic potential of XXXX bacteria present in home made curd in southern India.

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella Typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['V. cholerae', 'Vibrio cholerae']

entities_list: @entity687 :: ('3576', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin (IL)-8', 'interleukin-8']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salts']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactic acid']


abstract: Guanabenz, a centrally acting antihypertensive (alpha-agonist) that does not induce secondary @entity1372 retention or other metabolic disturbances, was evaluated for up to two years at 19 investigational sites. In 329 @entity1 completing six months of therapy, the mean supine diastolic blood pressure (SDBP) fell from 101 to 90 mmHg (P less than 0.01). Clinically significant individual SDBP decreases occurred in 74% of the @entity1 by week 2, and these reductions were maintained in 72% at six months. Mean weight was reduced 1.4 lb (P less than 0.01), and mean supine pulse rate was decreased 5 beats/min (P less than 0.01). The most frequent effective doses were 8 and 16 mg @entity5353 (range, 2 to 32 mg @entity5353 ). Principal side effects, usually mild, were sedation (31%), @entity2133 (24%), @entity1296 (6%), and @entity425 (6%). @entity551 , @entity323 , and abrupt discontinuation symptoms were rare or absent. There were no clinically significant drug-related laboratory changes other than a 10 mg/100 ml mean serum @entity165 decrease. Two hundred twenty-two @entity1 completed one year of therapy, and 80 completed two years, with little change in any parameters other than improvement in mean SDBP to 85 mmHg and in individual response rate to 84%. These results suggest that guanabenz is safe and effective for initial and sole therapy of @entity101 .

title: Long-term therapy of XXXX with guanabenz.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Postural hypotension']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: In order to estimate the risk of radiation-induced @entity105 after external beam radiotherapy of @entity2743 , we made dosimetric measurements with thermoluminescent dosimeters in a male Rando phantom using our treatment technique. METHODS: We produced dose-volume histograms from 5-mm CT slices using our treatment planning system. In this way we estimated the irradiation dose received by the main surrounding organs such as the brain, the bone and the eyeball. We use 6-MV X-ray for the treatment of @entity2743 and our total dose is 2,000 cGy, 200 cGy per fraction. Clinical target volume was limited to the retrobulbar orbital content and medial rectus muscle, sparing the lenses, lacrimal @entity4776 . All dosimetric measurements with thermoluminescent dosimeters were made 3 times. RESULTS: We found that the dose to the right lens was 101.6 mGy and to left lens 103.4 mGy. Average absorbed doses to red bone marrow, thyroid, lung, esophagus, bone surface, skin and brain, respectively, were estimated to be 523, 21, 4, 5, 81, 29, 47 mGy. Then, using tissue weighting factors specified by the International Commission of Radiation Protection, the resulting total effective dose was calculated to be 66.8 @entity2073 . CONCLUSION: The risk factor for fatal @entity5 development derived from @entity1 epidemiological data is presently assumed to be 10% per Gy. In @entity1 treated by our method of retro-orbital external beam radiotherapy for @entity2743 , there is a 0.0067 (or 7 per 1,000 @entity1 or 0.7%) risk of developing @entity15698 .

title: The risk of radiation-induced XXXX after external beam radiotherapy of @entity2743 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' orbitopathy"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity15698 :: ('MESH:D009381', 'Disease') :: ['fatal radiation-induced cancer']

entities_list: @entity4776 :: ('MESH:D004652', 'Disease') :: ['glands and the sella turcica']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 169 Background: Treatment guidelines suggest that AC may be considered inpatients (pts) with "high risk" stage II @entity694 , defined by the presence of >/=1 poor prognostic features, such as obstruction or perforation, T4 stage, <12 lymph nodes retrieved, positive resection margins, and lymphovascular or perineural invasion. However, survival benefits associated with AC use in high risk pts remain largely unproven. Therefore, current recommendations are primarily driven by consensus rather than by evidence. Our aims were to examine population-based concordance with current guidelines for AC use in stage II @entity694 and to explore the relationship between AC use and survival in high- vs. low-risk pts. METHODS: All pts diagnosed with stage II @entity694 in British Columbia from 1999 to 2008 and evaluated at 1 of 5 regional @entity5 centers were reviewed. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods were used to correlate high- vs. low-risk status as well as @entity4557 ( @entity4434 ), @entity66 ( @entity66 ), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: We identified 1,697 stage II @entity694 pts: 1,236 (73%) high risk and 461 (27%) low risk among whom only 363 (29%) and 61 (13%) received AC, respectively. Individuals with high risk features who received guideline-concordant AC were younger (median 62 vs. 72 years, p<0.001) and had better performance status (ECOG 0/1 47% vs. 34%, p=0.02). In the high-risk group, AC was associated with improved 5-year @entity1349 , but not with @entity4434 or @entity66 . After adjusting for confounders, an @entity1349 advantage from AC persisted for high-risk pts (HR 0.67, 95 CI 0.52-0.86, p=0.002), but no significant @entity4434 or @entity66 benefits were seen (HR 0.76, 95 CI 0.58-0.99, p=0.05 and HR 0.75, 95 CI 0.55-1.02, p=0.11, respectively). Subgroup analyses showed that only individuals with @entity75 had improved @entity4434 (HR 0.63, 95 CI 0.42-0.95, p=0.03), @entity66 (HR 0.59, 95 CI 0.37-0.93, p=0.02), and @entity1349 (HR 0.50, 95 CI 0.33-0.77, p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: In this population-based cohort of stage II @entity694 @entity1 , less than one-third of high risk @entity1 received guideline-concordant AC. Consistent survival benefits were only seen in those with @entity75 , suggesting a very limited role for AC. Guidelines that are mainly consensus-driven and associated with minimal survival benefits have poor uptake.

title: Adherence to guidelines  for adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) use in stage II @entity694 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['receipt of AC with relapse-free']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'disease specific']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['T4 lesions']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['CC']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the extent of @entity311 prevalence among @entity1 at various elevations above sea level and in @entity1 during the dry and rainy seasons in Zimbabwe. DESIGN: Cross sectional. SETTING: Primary and secondary schools. SUBJECTS: The number of @entity1 (aged about eight years in Grade Three and 13 years in Form One) examined in November 1992 was 103 in Chitungwiza (above 1,200 m), 94 in Gokwe (900 to 1,200 m) and 96 in Sasame (under 900 m). In April 1993 it was 86 in Chitungwiza, 78 in Gokwe and 81 in Sasame. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) levels, parasite and spleen rates. RESULTS: No @entity381 was detected in @entity1 in schools above 900 m. While no parasitaemia was detected in @entity1 in schools above 1200 m, one (0.6%, 95% CI to -0.6 to 1.7) @entity1 and 37 (20.9%, 95% CI 14.9 to 26.9) @entity1 in schools between 900 and 1,200 m and below 900 m, respectively, had parasitaemia. The IFAT levels were lowest in @entity1 in areas above 1,200 m and increased significantly with decreasing altitude (x2 for linear trend 332, p < 0.001). The parasite rate in the rainy season (39.5%, 95% CI 28.9 to 50.2) was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than that in the dry season (5.2%, 95% CI 0.8 to 9.7). No significant differences in the IFAT levels (p = 0.208) and in the spleen rates (p = 0.180) were observed between the dry and rainy seasons. Sixty five percent of all @entity1 in schools above 1,200 m visiting rural areas used no protective measures against @entity311 . All @entity1 in schools under 900 m reported that their homes were sprayed, but very few other prophylactic measures (seven children used antimalarial drugs and 15 @entity1 used a net) were reported. CONCLUSIONS: @entity311 acquisition is uncommon above 900 m and the @entity1 in these areas are highly vulnerable to @entity311 .

title: XXXX in Zimbabwe: comparisons of IFAT levels, parasite and spleen rates among high, medium and lower altitude areas and between dry and rainy seasons.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'people', 'child']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['Malaria']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of genes encoding regulators of G protein signaling in early therapeutic response to antipsychotic drugs and in susceptibility to drug-induced @entity21 . As regulators of G protein signaling and regulators of G protein signaling-like proteins play a pivotal role in @entity935 receptor signaling, genetically based, functional variation could contribute to interindividual variability in therapeutic and adverse effects. METHODS: Consecutively hospitalized, @entity716 @entity1 with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 -IV @entity161 (n=121) were included in the study if they received treatment with typical antipsychotic medication (n=72) or typical antipsychotic drugs and @entity1090 (n=49) for at least 2 weeks. Clinical state and adverse effects were rated at baseline and after 2 weeks. Twenty-four single @entity377 polymorphisms were genotyped in five regulators of G protein signaling genes. RESULTS: None of the single nucleotide polymorphisms were related to clinical response to antipsychotic treatment at 2 weeks. Five out of six single nucleotide polymorphisms within or flanking the @entity18232 gene were nominally associated with development or worsening of @entity304 (PARK+) as measured by the Simpson Angus Scale, one of them after correction for multiple testing ( @entity63391 , P=0.002). A GCCTG haplotype encompassing tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms within and flanking @entity18232 was significantly overrepresented among PARK+ compared with PARK-- @entity1 (0.23 vs. 0.08, P=0.003). A second, 'protective', GTGCA haplotype was significantly overrepresented in PARK-- @entity1 (0.13 vs. 0.30, P=0.009). Both haplotype associations survive correction for multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS: Subject to replication, these findings suggest that genetic variation in the @entity18232 gene is associated with susceptibility to @entity21 induced by antipsychotic drugs.

title: Association of the XXXX gene with @entity21 induced by treatment with antipsychotic medication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian symptoms']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorder']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity18232 :: (5997,Gene) :: ['RGS2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Up to a third of elderly @entity1 with major @entity308 do not respond to a first course of treatment with an antidepressant. There is a lack of controlled studies evaluating therapies for treatment-resistant @entity308 , and no randomized controlled studies assessing the efficacy and tolerability of @entity1091 augmentation in elderly @entity1 have been published. METHOD: Twenty-nine elderly inpatients with major @entity308 according to DSM-IV criteria who had previously failed to respond to 1 or more adequate trials with a tricyclic antidepressant or @entity906 were included in a 6-week, open, randomized, controlled study with a 2-year follow-up. Subjects received either @entity1091 augmentation or the @entity1154 oxidase inhibitor @entity20919 . The primary outcome criterion was remission, defined as a final score of less than or equal to 10 on the Montgomery-Asberg @entity308 Rating Scale (MADRS). Response was defined as at least 50% reduction on the MADRS or the Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 (HAM-D). RESULTS: Twenty-eight subjects completed the trial. Remission on the MADRS was achieved by 33.3% of the @entity1091 @entity1 , compared with none of the @entity20919 @entity1 (p = .042). Response also showed a difference in favor of @entity1091 augmentation (p = .035 on both the MADRS and the HAM-D). Overall tolerability was good, with no dropouts due to side effects. Subjective @entity2414 was more prevalent among @entity1 receiving @entity20919 (p = .002), and @entity400 were significantly more prevalent among @entity1 receiving @entity1091 (p = .002). During the 2-year follow-up, 25 @entity1 (86.2%) did achieve remission, particularly on prolonging the @entity1091 treatment (5 @entity1 ) or on @entity1091 augmentation to @entity20919 (5 @entity1 ). CONCLUSION: @entity1091 was more effective than @entity20919 in elderly @entity1 with treatment-resistant major @entity308 , while tolerance of both treatments was remarkably good in this group of elderly inpatients with many comorbid medical disorders. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: Controlled-trials.com identifier is RCTN93105957.

title: @entity1091 augmentation compared with XXXX in treatment-resistant @entity308 in the elderly: an open, randomized, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive disorder', 'depression in late-life depression']

entities_list: @entity20919 :: ('MESH:D010624', 'Chemical') :: ['phenelzine']

entities_list: @entity906 :: ('MESH:C047426', 'Chemical') :: ['venlafaxine']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity1091 :: ('MESH:D008094', 'Chemical') :: ['Lithium', 'lithium']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

answer: @entity20919 :: (MESH:D010624,Chemical) :: ['phenelzine']


abstract: Although the activity of @entity842 (NO) synthases are increased in lung tissue of @entity1 with @entity1577 , the concentrations of nasal and exhaled NO have recently been found to be decreased in @entity1577 . This could either be due to reduced NO formation or metabolism of NO within airway fluids. In this study, the stable NO metabolites, @entity1507 and @entity3542 , were determined in the saliva and sputum of 18 stable @entity1577 @entity1 , 21 @entity1577 @entity1 during a pulmonary exacerbation, and in saliva and endotracheal secretions of normal controls. Median saliva concentrations of NO metabolites ( @entity1507 plus @entity3542 ) were 704 mumol/l (95% confidence interval (CI) 419 to 1477) in stable @entity1577 @entity1 , 629 mumol/l (95% CI 382 to 1392) in @entity1577 @entity1 presenting with pulmonary exacerbation, and 313 mumol/l (95% CI 312 to 454) in controls. Median sputum NO metabolite concentration in stable @entity1577 was 346 mumol/l (95% CI 311 to 504). This was not significantly different from @entity1577 @entity1 presenting with pulmonary exacerbation (median 184 mumol/l, 95% CI 249 to 572), but significantly higher than in endotracheal secretions of controls (median 144 mumol/l, 95% CI 96 to 260). Sputum NO metabolite concentration in @entity1577 pulmonary exacerbation significantly increased during antibiotic treatment. A positive correlation was observed between sputum NO metabolites and lung function in stable @entity1577 , suggesting less airway NO formation in @entity1577 @entity1 with more severe @entity358 . These data indicate that decreased exhaled NO concentrations in @entity1577 @entity1 may be due to retention and metabolism of NO within the airway secretions. However, sputum NO metabolites are not a useful marker of @entity32 in @entity9129 .

title: XXXX metabolites in @entity9129 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity9129 :: ('MESH:C563237', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis lung disease']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Japan has the largest number of @entity146 beds in the world and has been in the process of deinstitutionalization since 2004. The majority of @entity146 inpatients are elderly long-term @entity1 , who are at risk of homelessness after they are discharged. There is little information about homeless @entity1 with mental illnesses in Japan, and the aim of this study was to describe characteristics of @entity1 with a @entity1032 in homeless shelters in Tokyo. METHODS: A face-to-face survey was conducted from December 2012 to March 2013 by the staff of a nonprofit organization (NPO) that helps socially isolated @entity1 . Of the 1,056 @entity1 who received help during the study period, 684 completed the survey. RESULTS: Eighteen percent of the 684 survey @entity1 had a @entity1032 . Of the 210 individuals who lived in shelters, one-third had a @entity1032 . The mean age of shelter users with @entity1032 was 64.9; they tended to be referred from hospitals, and their mental well-being was poorer than other NPO service users in the study. Among the service users with @entity1032 , those living in shelters were older than those living in the community and more likely to have a history of trouble with @entity285 , poor family relationships, and impaired instrumental activities of daily living. CONCLUSIONS: Unmet mental health needs were noted among discharged hospital @entity1 living in Tokyo homeless shelters. An integrated and community-based support system with more effective health care delivery, including critical time interventions, is needed.

title: Characteristics of Individuals With XXXX in Tokyo Homeless Shelters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['Mental Illness']


abstract: @entity1 with a common @entity1494 and those with @entity2335 ( @entity2335 ) both suffer from severe groin @entity158 , a strong desire to urinate with just small amounts of urine emerging, and waking up during the night to urinate. The sole symptomatic difference between common @entity1494 and @entity2335 is that @entity1 with a common @entity1494 note burning or stinging during urination while those with @entity2335 find relief from @entity158 only during urination. Bacteria cause common @entity1494 so antibiotics can treat these @entity281 . The causes of @entity2335 are unknown, thus making it difficult to treat. @entity2335 consists of small, pin point holes in the lining of the bladder. A healthy bladder prevents bacteria from adhering to the bladder and causing @entity281 . It also prevents acid and other toxins in the urine from irritating the bladder. Bacteria in the bladder are not uncommon. They take the following path to enter the bladder: the @entity694 , vagina where body's defenses usually kill the bacteria, urethral opening, urethral opening, and bladder. In @entity1 with an intact bladder lining, the bacteria stay in the urine until they are released with the urine. In bladders with small, pin point holes, the bacteria cause an @entity281 . The in and out motion of sexual intercourse or massaging of the genital area tend to push bacteria up into the urethra. @entity1 using the diaphragm experience twice as many @entity1494 as those who do not use the diaphragm. Possible reasons include a change in the chemical balance of the vagina, maybe inducing more bacteria growth, and the diaphragm's hard rim pushed against the neck of the bladder, resulting in @entity2981 and swelling and making @entity1 more vulnerable to @entity281 . @entity1 who use the diaphragm and suffer from recurrent @entity1494 should consult a provider to change to another birth control method.

title: Understanding @entity2335 and other XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder infection', 'bladder infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon, bowel movement']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['IC', 'interstitial cystitis']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evaluation of mood-stabilizing treatment strategies usually focuses on their efficacy in preventing recurrences. The aim of this study is to supplement evaluation by two important aspects: inter-episodic morbidity and drop-out. METHODS: Using a global outcome measure, response to prophylactic @entity1091 and @entity2049 was evaluated in N = 171 bipolar @entity1 (DSM-IV) participating in a randomized controlled trial with an observation period of 2 1/2 years (MAP study). RESULTS: The rates of re-hospitalization were similar for both treatments. However, the percentage of good clinical response (i.e. @entity1 with a low score of inter-episodic morbidity and without both re-hospitalization and drop-out during the observation period) was significantly higher in @entity1 randomized to @entity1091 (40% v. 24%). This superiority of @entity1091 resulted essentially from a lower drop-out rate in @entity1 without re-hospitalization (17% v. 42%). Regarding severity of inter-episodic morbidity, no clear difference between the drugs was found. For both medications the predominant symptomatology was minor depressive (but not manic, mixed or schizoaffective) symptoms. In the @entity1091 group, inter-episodic morbidity in @entity1 without re-hospitalization significantly decreased during the first 10 months and remained on the lower level for the rest of the observation period. For @entity2049 , reduction of inter-episodic morbidity over time did not reach statistical significance. Inter-episodic morbidity was significantly related to drop-out and to re-hospitalization for both medications. CONCLUSION: Taking inter-episodic morbidity, drop-out and re-hospitalization into consideration, the response rate in bipolar @entity1 (DSM-IV) was higher for prophylactic @entity1091 than for @entity2049 . The global outcome parameter used appears to be a valuable measure of clinical response to mood stabilizing drugs.

title: Inter-episodic morbidity and drop-out under @entity2049 and XXXX in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity1091 :: (MESH:D008094,Chemical) :: ['lithium']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity65 are the major cause of mortality among @entity6 @entity1 . The concentration of @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) and @entity1255 is believed to play a role in @entity65 . @entity4599 supplementation could be effective in some @entity2412 and in the control of the glycemic index. However, it may increase lipid peroxidation. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of @entity9539 on the concentration of @entity1255 and @entity1865 in @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 81 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . The @entity1 were randomly assigned to either the treatment or control groups. Each subject received three capsules of @entity9539 or a placebo every day for a period of 2months. The two groups were similar in terms of body mass index and food intake. At the beginning of the study and after 2months of supplementation their levels of @entity63827 , @entity1255 , @entity1865 , @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), total @entity165 , LDL- @entity165 and @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) were determined. Due to @entity4599 supplementation, @entity1255 was changed significantly in both treatment and control groups up to -3.10mumol/L and 0.10mumol/L respectively, and HbA(1)c decreased by 0.75% in the treatment group and increased by 0.26% in the control group. However, the changes in @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ), @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), total @entity165 and LDL- @entity165 levels were not significant. CONCLUSION: The consumption of @entity4599 supplements (3g/day) for 2months decreases the levels of @entity1255 in @entity6 @entity1 with no change in @entity1503 , @entity1865 and @entity1851 levels.

title: The efficacy of @entity4599 supplementation on plasma @entity1255 and @entity1234 levels of @entity164 2 @entity6 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4599 :: ('CHEBI:25681', 'Chemical') :: ['Omega-3 fatty acid', 'omega-3 fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity9539 :: ('MESH:D015525', 'Chemical') :: ['omega-3 fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['FBS', 'fasting blood sugar']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes complications']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases', 'Cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity79 ( @entity79 ) is an established objective diagnostic method for @entity158 ( @entity158 ), but its validity remains controversial. The aims of this study were: (i) to re-evaluate the diagnostic performance of @entity79 , and (ii) to suggest new @entity79 criteria based on the proposed research criteria for CPRS in Budapest (the 2003 Budapest research criteria). METHODS: The medical records of 228 consecutive @entity1 , evaluated using the Budapest research criteria, were retrospectively analysed. Of these, 116 @entity1 were included in the present study, and 69 of 116 were diagnosed to have @entity158 based on these criteria. The diagnostic performance of @entity79 was assessed by determining its sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios, and new criteria for @entity79 were identified by pattern analysis using the Budapest research criteria. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio of @entity79 for the diagnosis of @entity158 according to the Budapest research criteria were 40.0, 76.5, 1.73, and 0.78, respectively. Furthermore, D-D-D, D-D-S, and D-D-I patterns [i.e. according to decreased (D), symmetrical (S), or increased (I) tracer uptake during Phases I, II, and III] of @entity79 were found to be positively predictive for @entity158 . CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic value of a positive @entity79 for @entity158 is low from the view point of the Budapest research criteria. Our findings suggest that a diagnosis of @entity158 using the Budapest research criteria should be considered when decreased patterns of @entity79 are observed during Phases I and II.

title: Analysis of patterns of three-phase bone scintigraphy for @entity1 with XXXX diagnosed using the proposed research criteria (the 'Budapest Criteria').

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Three-phase bone scintigraphy', 'TPBS']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['CRPS', 'complex regional pain syndrome']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['complex regional pain syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The orexins (hypocretins) are a family of peptides found primarily in neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. Although the orexinergic system is generally thought to be the same across species, the orexins are involved in behaviors which show considerable interspecific variability. There are few direct cross-species comparisons of the distributions of cells and fibers containing these peptides. Here, we addressed the possibility that there might be important species differences by systematically examining and directly comparing the distribution of orexinergic neurons and fibers within the forebrains of species with very different patterns of sleep-wake behavior. METHODS: We compared the distribution of orexin-immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers in two nocturnal species (the lab @entity35 , @entity35 and the @entity329 , @entity329 ) and two diurnal species (the Nile grass @entity35 , Arvicanthis niloticus and the degu, Octodon degus). For each species, tissue from the olfactory bulbs through the brainstem was processed for immunoreactivity for @entity22658 and orexin B (hypocretin-1 and -2). The distribution of orexin-positive cells was noted for each species. Orexin fiber distribution and density was recorded and analyzed using a principal components factor analysis to aid in evaluating potential species differences. RESULTS: Orexin-positive cells were observed in the lateral hypothalamic area of each species, though there were differences with respect to distribution within this region. In addition, cells positive for @entity22658 but not orexin B were observed in the paraventricular nucleus of the lab @entity35 and grass @entity35 , and in the supraoptic nucleus of the lab @entity35 , grass @entity35 and hamster. Although the overall distributions of @entity22658 and B fibers were similar in the four species, some striking differences were noted, especially in the lateral mammillary nucleus, ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus and flocculus. CONCLUSION: The orexin cell and fiber distributions observed in this study were largely consistent with those described in previous studies. However, the present study shows significant species differences in the distribution of orexin cell bodies and in the density of orexin-IR fibers in some regions. Finally, we note previously undescribed populations of orexin-positive neurons outside the lateral hypothalamus in three of the four species examined.

title: A comparative analysis of the distribution of immunoreactive XXXX in the brains of nocturnal and diurnal rodents.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Rattus norvegicus']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Mesocricetus auratus', 'golden hamster']

answer: @entity22658 :: (25723(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['orexin A and B']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. Socioeconomic differences in survival after @entity213 ( @entity213 ) are among the greatest for any @entity5 . To improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which socioeconomic position influences @entity213 survival, we investigated the association between socioeconomic position and advanced stage @entity213 at diagnosis. Material and methods. @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity213 diagnosed between 1992 and 2008 were identified in the Danish @entity135 Group (DAHANCA) database, which contains detailed information on all cases of @entity213 treated in Denmark. Individual information on the following four socioeconomic indicators: highest attained educational level, cohabitation status, disposable income and degree of urbanisation were obtained from Statistics Denmark. For the 9683 cases on which there was full information, we estimated odds ratios (ORs) for a diagnosis of advanced stage (TNM III-IV) @entity213 in multivariate logistic regression models by site (glottic, non-glottic larynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx and @entity5 ), with adjustment for age, gender, period of diagnosis, education, income, cohabitation status, degree of urbanisation and comorbidity in accordance with a causal diagram. Results. For all @entity213 sites, the ORs for advanced stage at diagnosis were increased for @entity1 with low income and for @entity1 living alone. For @entity5 , the ORs for advanced stage @entity213 increased systematically by decreasing length of education. Increased ORs were found for @entity5 @entity1 living in rural areas or provincial cities. Having one or more comorbid conditions was associated with an increased OR for @entity5 but with a decreased OR for @entity5 . Conclusion. In this nationwide population-based study, socioeconomic differences in stage at diagnosis were found for all @entity213 subsites. Focus on the high risk for advanced stage @entity213 among vulnerable @entity1 may be beneficial during referral and diagnosis in order to improve @entity213 outcomes.

title: Socioeconomic position and stage at diagnosis of XXXX - a nationwide study from DAHANCA.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharynx cancer', 'oral cancer', 'advanced stage oral cancer', 'glottic and oral cancers', 'oropharynx cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['Head and Neck Cancer']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: We present three @entity1 who underwent repeat aortic valve replacement for prosthetic @entity340 caused by tissue ingrowth in the late postoperative period. These @entity1 (three @entity1 aged 48-51 years, mean 49.3 +/- 1.53 years) underwent operations for restriction of prosthetic valve leaflet movement by @entity2070 in the left ventricular outflow tract. The interval from the previous operation ranged from 8.0 to 9.6 years (mean 9.6 +/- 2.0 years). The symptoms of the @entity1 were New York Heart Association functional class I, II, and IV in one @entity1 each. Diagnosis was made by cinefluoroscopy in two @entity1 and aortography in one @entity1 . The operative procedures consisted of aortic valve replacement ( n = 1) and aortic valve replacement with mitral valve replacement ( n = 2). @entity2070 was found at the left ventricular aspect of the prosthetic valve in all @entity1 . In two @entity1 , the @entity2070 directly restricted movement of the leaflet and also severely narrowed the inflow orifice of the prosthetic valve. In the other @entity1 , the @entity2070 had grown at a distance of 7 mm from the valve and narrowed the left ventricular outflow tract circularly. The postoperative course was uneventful and all three @entity1 were discharged in a @entity558 . One @entity1 died of @entity55 8 months after surgery and the other two @entity1 have remained well and have been followed up for one and a half years. In conclusion, there may be a discrepancy between the clinical symptoms and the grade of @entity3888 caused by @entity2070 . Therefore, it is essential for satisfactory operative results that early diagnosis be made by various means.

title: XXXX formation in aortic valve prostheses in the late postoperative period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['good condition']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3888 :: ('MESH:D011662', 'Disease') :: ['subvalvular stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2070 :: ('MESH:C537858', 'Disease') :: ['Pannus', 'pannus']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve dysfunction']

answer: @entity2070 :: (MESH:C537858,Disease) :: ['Pannus']


abstract: The microRNAs (miRNAs) are small size non-coding RNAs that regulate expression of target mRNAs at post-transcriptional level. miRNAs differentially expressed under pathological conditions may help identifying mechanisms underlying the disease and may represent biomarkers with prognostic value. However, this kind of studies are difficult in the brain because of the cellular heterogeneity of the tissue and of the limited access to fresh tissue. Here, we focused on a pathology affecting specific cells in a subpopulation of @entity302 brains (hippocampal granule cells), an approach that bypasses the above problems. All @entity1 underwent surgery for intractable @entity1315 and had @entity131 associated with no granule cell pathology in half of the cases and with type-2 granule cell pathology (granule cell layer dispersion or bilamination) in the other half. The expression of more than 1000 miRNAs was examined in the laser-microdissected dentate granule cell layer. Twelve miRNAs were differentially expressed in the two groups. One of these, @entity65705 , was confirmed to be expressed at highly differential levels in an extended cohort of @entity1 , using RT-qPCR. Bioinformatics searches and RT-qPCR verification identified @entity47412 as a possible target of @entity65705 . @entity47412 may be directly implicated in granule cell dispersion because it is an adhesion molecule that favors cell spreading. Thus, @entity65705 could be the first identified element of a miRNA signature that may be useful for prognostic evaluation of post-surgical @entity302 and may drive mechanistic studies leading to the identification of therapeutic targets.

title: Identification of miRNAs differentially expressed in XXXX @entity302 with or without granule cell pathology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Treatment nonadherence has been identified as an understudied, yet frequent, cause of relapse among @entity1 with @entity162 . This study evaluated factors related to treatment adherence. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional analysis of @entity1 characteristics, features of the @entity1 -provider relationship, and barriers to care as they related to self-reported treatment adherence among veterans with @entity162 . Data were collected before @entity1 were randomly assigned to treatment in a multicenter trial. @entity1 were enrolled in the study from 1997 to 2000. RESULTS: This analysis found that individuals with @entity162 who were adherent to medication (N=113) differed from those who were not (N=71) on @entity1 characteristics and variables related to the @entity1 -provider relationship. Individuals with @entity162 who were not adherent to medication were more likely than those who were adherent to have a current @entity734 . A past @entity734 was not associated with treatment nonadherence. Adherence to medication was not predicted by symptoms, overall health status, functional level, or gender. Individuals who were adherent to medication took a greater number of different medications than those who were nonadherent. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment adherence is a multidimensional entity and includes not only @entity1 characteristics but also factors related to @entity1 -provider interactions. Therapeutic approaches that address or incorporate an individual's comorbid conditions and are able to optimize intensity of treatment may have the greatest effect on treatment adherence attitudes and behaviors.

title: Self-reported medication treatment adherence among veterans with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance use disorder']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the temporal prevalence of a rim of increased signal intensity in the subcortical part of the patella at T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging after arthroscopic knee surgery or @entity3331 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The prospective and retrospective components of the study were performed after receiving approval from the institutional research ethics board. Written informed consent was obtained for the prospective component of the study. The need for informed consent was waived for the retrospective component of the study. The authors performed a prospective evaluation of serial MR images of the knee of four @entity1 (three @entity1 and one @entity1 ; age range, 28-53 years; mean age, 36.8 years) after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. They also performed a retrospective review of MR images of the knee from 90 consecutive @entity1 (59 male and 31 female @entity1 ; age range, 13-66 years; mean age, 34.6 years) referred for the evaluation of an @entity130 . All imaging studies were evaluated in consensus by two musculoskeletal radiologists for the presence of a rim of increased signal intensity in the subcortical part of the patella at T2-weighted imaging. The presence of this signal intensity pattern was correlated with the time to imaging from surgery or @entity130 . Logistic regression modeling was performed with increased subcortical signal intensity as the outcome and a second-degree polynomial for elapsed time as the predictor. RESULTS: All four @entity1 who underwent imaging prospectively after ACL surgery showed increased T2-weighted signal intensity in the subcortical part of the patella 12 weeks after surgery. None of the @entity1 showed these signal intensity changes at 6 or 24 weeks. A subcortical rim of increased T2-weighted signal intensity was seen in the patella in 24 (27%) of the 90 consecutive @entity1 who underwent imaging for the assessment of possible @entity130 . Significant independent differences were seen in the prevalence of increased T2-weighted signal intensity in the subcortical part of the patella when related to time between injury and MR imaging (P = .002), with an increase in prevalence as time since injury increased and a decrease in prevalence in @entity1 who underwent MR imaging more than 20 weeks after injury (P = .013). CONCLUSION: Increased T2-weighted signal intensity in the subcortical part of the patella appears to be a subacute transient MR finding seen after knee surgery or injury.

title: Increased subcortical patellar signal intensity at T2-weighted MR imaging: a subacute finding after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['knee injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['joint injury', 'ACL injury']

answer: @entity3331 :: (MESH:D007718,Disease) :: ['knee injury']