abstract: In a previous study, utilizing antibodies to @entity1364 ( @entity1364 ), we determined the proliferation index (PI) (percentage of @entity1364 -positive cells) of intrinsic renal cell populations in the normal adult and pediatric kidney. We have found that the PI in both adult and pediatric kidneys was very low (below 0.5 in all examined cell populations). In our present study, we investigated cell proliferation in the developing @entity1 kidney with an antibody to @entity1364 . Histologically normal kidneys were collected from 25 fetuses ( @entity2208 ) ranging from 10 wk of gestation to term. Immature mesenchyme (blastema), immature early tubules, ampulla of ureteric bud, proximal tubules, Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP)-positive tubules, distal tubules, collecting ducts, and glomeruli were evaluated separately. The PI for each cell population was calculated. The PI of immature early tubules remains high (33-43) throughout embryonic life. The PI of blastemal cells is initially similarly high, but gradually decreases starting from the second trimester. The PI of @entity7312 -positive tubules, distal tubules, collecting ducts, and glomeruli starts out relatively high (5.9, 8.6, 6.0, and 12.4, respectively) and decreases gradually as term approaches (1.8, 1.3, 1.2, and 1.4, respectively). Interestingly, as soon as proximal tubules become differentiated (appearance of light microscopic features of proximal tubular epithelium with TP lectin positive brush border), their PI becomes very low (below 1) irrespective of the age of the kidney. This is the first quantitative study to show changes of the PI in various renal cell populations during @entity1 nephrogenesis. These changes in the PI relate to the stage of differentiation of the developing @entity1347 .

title: Cell proliferation in the developing XXXX kidney.

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortions and stillborns']

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen', 'PCNA']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['nephron segments']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We correlated the electrophysiologic (EP) effects of @entity859 with @entity591 mechanisms in @entity1 with @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity859 was administered to 229 @entity1 with SVTs during EP study: atrioventricular (AV) reentry (AVRT; n=59), typical @entity2917 ( @entity2917 ; n=82), atypical @entity2917 (n=13), permanent junctional reciprocating @entity591 (PJRT; n=12), @entity591 ( @entity591 ; n=53), and @entity7129 ( @entity7129 ; n=10). There was no difference in incidence of @entity591 termination at the AV node in AVRT (85%) versus @entity2917 (86%) after @entity859 , but @entity1 with AVRT showed increases in the @entity13198 (13%) compared with typical @entity2917 (0%), P<0.005. Changes in atrial, AV, or VA intervals after @entity859 did not predict the mode of termination of long R-P @entity591 . For @entity1 with @entity591 , there was no correlation with location of the atrial focus and @entity859 response. @entity713 after @entity859 was only observed in @entity591 @entity1 (27%) or @entity7129 (30%). @entity1 with @entity7129 showed atrial cycle length increases after @entity859 (P<0.05) with little change in activation sequence. The incidence of @entity955 after @entity859 was higher for those with AVRT (15%) compared with typical @entity2917 (0%) P<0.001, or atypical @entity2917 (0%) but similar to those with @entity591 (11%) and PJRT (17%). CONCLUSIONS: The EP response to @entity859 proved of limited value to identify the location of @entity591 or @entity4710 mechanisms. Features favoring @entity591 were the presence of @entity713 or marked shortening of atrial cycle length before @entity591 suppression. @entity955 was more common after @entity859 in @entity1 with AVRT, PJRT, or @entity591 . @entity1 with @entity7129 showed increases in cycle length with little change in atrial activation sequence after @entity859 .

title: Electrophysiologic effects of @entity859 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular node reentry', 'AVNRT']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'atrial tachycardia', 'tachycardias', 'AT']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity13198 :: ('OMIM:610141', 'Disease') :: ['ventriculoatrial (VA) intervals']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardias', 'SVT']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['inappropriate sinus tachycardia', 'IST']

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']


abstract: Response to treatment with organic pentavalent antimonials, the standard first-line treatment for @entity234 ( @entity234 ), has been decreasing since their introduction into India. Combining @entity12879 (SB) with @entity17998 (PM) may be an efficient alternative to single-agent therapy. This trial was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of PM 12 or 18 mg/kg daily plus SB 20 mg/kg daily for 21 days compared to SB alone for 30 days. One hundred and fifty @entity1 were randomly assigned in 1996 to 1 of the 3 treatments and followed-up for 180 days. At the end of treatment, 49 of 52 @entity1 receiving PM12 + SB, 46 of 48 receiving PM18 + SB, and 27 of 49 @entity1 receiving SB alone, were cured. During follow-up there was 1 relapse in each of the treatment groups, giving final cure rates of 48 of 52 (92.3%) for PM12 + SB, 45 of 48 (93.8%) for PM18 + SB, and 26 of 49 (53.1%) for SB. PM plus SB for 21 days at either 12 or 18 mg/kg daily was significantly more effective than SB alone for 30 days (chi 2 P < 0.001). One @entity1 (SB alone) had experienced a serious adverse event: @entity1370 at day 8 ( @entity2401 and ECG changes) which caused withdrawal from the study. Only 19 of 100 @entity1 enrolled in the PM treatment arms had a complete audiogram series conducted thus making it difficult to assess oto- @entity137 . PM 12 or 18 mg/kg daily plus a standard dose of SB for 21 days was statistically more effective than SB in producing a final cure for @entity1 with @entity234 in Bihar, India.

title: A prospective randomized, comparative, open-label trial of the safety and efficacy of XXXX ( @entity17998 ) plus @entity12879 versus @entity12879 alone for the treatment of @entity234 .

entities_list: @entity12879 :: ('MESH:D000967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium stibogluconate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['VL', 'visceral leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity17998 :: ('MESH:D010303', 'Chemical') :: ['paromomycin']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity17998 :: (MESH:D010303,Chemical) :: ['paromomycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prolonged warm or cold @entity63 is associated with poor survival of cardiac transplants, and @entity63 changes in early posttransplantation endomyocardial biopsies correlate with the later development of chronic rejection. In animal models, tissue @entity63 has been shown to activate complement. METHODS: To determine whether @entity63 changes in endomyocardial biopsies were associated with complement deposition, biopsies obtained 1-3 weeks after transplantation from 33 @entity1 were evaluated immunohistologically for C4d and @entity8428 deposition as well as for IgM, IgG, and IgA. The histological changes associated with @entity63 were scored independently, using previously reported criteria without knowledge of the immunohistochemical results. RESULTS: Diffuse capillary and pericapillary deposition of C4d or @entity8428 were detected in endomyocardial biopsies of 14 of the 33 @entity1 . The majority of biopsies (79%) with C4d or @entity8428 deposits had histological evidence of @entity63 , including eight of the nine biopsies containing both C4d and @entity8428 deposition. In contrast, only 8 of 18 (45%) of the biopsies without C4d or @entity8428 deposition had @entity63 . Only trace amounts of IgM and no IgG or IgA were demonstrable in the biopsies. Only 2 of the 14 biopsies with C4d or @entity8428 deposition had evidence of moderate acute rejection, whereas 5 of the 18 biopsies without C4d or @entity8428 deposition had moderate acute rejection. However, C4d and @entity8428 deposition did correlate with repeated acute rejection episodes on subsequent biopsies. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, @entity63 changes are associated with the activation of complement. Complement activation may in turn promote tissue injury and provide a potential target for future treatment.

title: Complement deposition in early cardiac transplant biopsies is associated with XXXX and subsequent rejection episodes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Type la @entity9474 is due to a molecular defect causing Gs @entity1131 . It is responsible for multi-hormonal resistance and @entity853 . @entity461 resistance can be subtle so that the diagnosis can be difficult in @entity1 with atypical manifestations. CASE REPORT: A 10-year-old @entity1 was first referred for @entity851 (height standard deviation score: -2.8). He had short metacarpals, and @entity91 . Laboratory findings revealed an elevation of plasma TSH (8,8 microU/mL) with normal thyroid hormone levels. The investigations ruled out common causes of @entity1375 . Despite normal blood @entity460 and @entity1391 levels, @entity461 was elevated to 358 pg/mL (normal values: 10-60) without @entity177 , suggestive of hormonal resistance. The diagnosis of @entity24078 was confirmed by a 50% reduction of Gs activity. Melanodermia, associated with an elevation of ACTH was suggestive of ACTH resistance without @entity5067 resistance. Moreover, skeletal radiography showed a narrow lumbar canal. CONCLUSION: Type @entity9321 could be part of the etiological diagnosis of @entity1375 , even in the absence of @entity3747 and @entity2265 . Similarly, @entity853 extend beyond the classical features of @entity29257 .

title: [Primary @entity1375 revealing @entity9474 without XXXX and hyperphosphoremia].

entities_list: @entity9474 :: ('MESH:D011547', 'Disease') :: ['pseudohypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['compensated hypothyroidism', 'primary hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity9321 :: ('MESH:D049310', 'Disease') :: ['la pseudoypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['protein deficiency']

entities_list: @entity29257 :: ('MESH:C537045', 'Disease') :: ["Albright's osteodystrophy"]

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity24078 :: ('MESH:C548077', 'Disease') :: ['pseudohypoparathyroidism type la']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2265 :: ('MESH:D054559', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['scaphocephaly']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['parathyroid hormone', 'Parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity3747 :: (MESH:D006996,Disease) :: ['hypocalcemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The palliative role of chemoradiation in the treatment of @entity1 with locally advanced, inoperable @entity1149 stage III and negative prognostic factors remains unresolved. METHODS: @entity1 not eligible for curative radiotherapy were randomised to receive either chemoradiation or chemotherapy alone. Four courses of intravenous @entity3003 on day 1 and oral vinorelbin on days 1 and 8 were given with 3-week intervals. @entity1 in the chemoradiation arm also received radiotherapy with fractionation 42 Gy/15, starting at the second chemotherapy course. The primary end point was overall survival; secondary end points were health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and @entity137 . RESULTS: Enrolment was terminated due to slow accrual after 191 @entity1 from 25 Norwegian hospitals were randomised. Median age was 67 years and 21% had @entity13770 . In the chemotherapy versus the chemoradiation arm, the median overall survival was 9.7 and 12.6 months, respectively (P<0.01). One-year survival was 34.0% and 53.2% (P<0.01). Following a minor decline during treatment, HRQOL remained unchanged in the chemoradiation arm. The @entity1 in the chemotherapy arm reported gradual deterioration during the subsequent months. In the chemoradiation arm, there were more hospital admissions related to side effects (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Chemoradiation was superior to chemotherapy alone with respect to survival and HRQoL at the expense of more hospital admissions due to @entity137 .

title: Concurrent palliative chemoradiation leads to survival and quality of life benefits in poor prognosis stage XXXX : a randomised trial by the Norwegian Lung Cancer Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['III non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: An effective salvage chemotherapy for advanced and recurrent @entity957 of the uterine cervix has not yet been established. The aim of the present study was to analyze the safety and efficacy of a combination chemotherapy for this disease using @entity3907 , @entity4349 , and @entity902 . STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective analysis of advanced and recurrent @entity5 treated at the Osaka University Hospital and the Osaka Medical Center for @entity5 and @entity65 during a 10 year study period from 2000 to 2009. Single agent chemotherapies and combination chemotherapies for advanced and recurrent cervical @entity5 cases of non-squamous histology which were reported in the English literature were also reviewed. RESULTS: Salvage chemotherapy, using @entity3907 , @entity4349 and @entity902 , was performed for 5 advanced and 14 recurrent cases. Prior to the salvage chemotherapy, 15 (79%) of the 19 @entity1 had already received either radiation or chemotherapy. A complete or partial @entity5 response was achieved in 8 (42%) of the 19 cases. The response rate for recurrent disease in a previously irradiated field was 40%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were 8 months (1-108) and 13 months (5-108), respectively. Grade 4 and febrile grade 3 @entity1398 was observed in 6 cases (32%), but there was no case in which salvage chemotherapy had to be cancelled due to @entity137 . According to previous reports, the cumulative response rate of combination chemotherapy (35%) was significantly higher than that of single agent chemotherapy (17%) (p<0.001). @entity1349 tended to be longer in the combination chemotherapy cases (8.7 months to 18 months) than that of single agent chemotherapy cases (7.3+ months to 9.1+ months). CONCLUSION: Combination chemotherapy of @entity3907 , @entity4349 , and @entity902 was found to have a survival benefit for advanced and recurrent cervical @entity5 @entity1 of @entity957 histology, with a tolerable @entity137 .

title: Cervical @entity957 : an effective combination chemotherapy of XXXX , @entity4349 and @entity902 for advanced or recurrent cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'non-squamous cervical cancers', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['non-squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular Diseases']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity3907 :: (MESH:C080625,Chemical) :: ['taxane']


abstract: The @entity526 P fimbriae F71, F72, F9, and F11 from four cloned strains were purified, and polyclonal antisera were raised in @entity95 . Cross-reactions of these antisera with eight different cloned and purified fimbriae were measured in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These antisera showed a reaction with the homologous fimbriae and also with most heterologous fimbriae. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against the same four native fimbriae were produced by the fusion of spleen cells from immunized BALB/c @entity19 with SP2/0 @entity1582 cells. The resulting four series of MAbs were also screened in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with eight different cloned and purified fimbriae. Four different F71 hybridomas produced MAbs which recognized only epitopes on F71 fimbriae. Two F72 MAbs recognized epitopes on F72 and F9 fimbriae, whereas another F72 MAb recognized an epitope on only F72 fimbriae. Three MAbs raised against F9 reacted only with epitopes on F9 fimbriae. Six MAbs against F11 fimbriae could be divided into two groups: on the one hand two MAbs recognizing F11, @entity2885 -associated pilus, Pap, and F72 fimbriae and on the other hand four MAbs recognizing F11 and "Clegg" fimbriae. None of the MAbs reacted with 1A or 1C fimbriae. In a hemagglutination inhibition assay it was shown that none of the MAbs produced inhibited the adhesive properties of homologous cloned strains.

title: Monoclonal antibodies that recognize the P fimbriae F71, F72, F9, and F11 from uropathogenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: We investigated radiological and functional changes of the femurs with @entity572 . Our particular attention was paid to the relationship between the thigh @entity158 and the rate, period of its incidence and the progression of radiological changes. The cases studied consisted of 57 female @entity1 with severe @entity570 who were implanted with a SUS316-L macroanchoring type of THP (JIAT). Clinical evaluations, radiographic findings in the femoral side, and osteometric observations were carried out periodically in the period before surgery until five years after surgery. The JOA criterion at the time of the final examination was average 91 points. However, we observed a high degree of bone change in the femur on the radiogram. Of 63 hips, there was 71% cortical @entity604 , a 43% reduction of cortex thickness, 25% cortical bone @entity1184 , 94% endosteal bone bridging in the stem tip, a 64% linear @entity1463 of the neighboring stem, and a 37% enlargement of the medullary cavity. Bone atrophy was manifested soon after surgery, and there was 34% recovery. Further, there was no connection between thigh @entity158 and bone changes. We, therefore, concluded that such bone changes as atrophy would not immediately bring about adverse consequences.

title: [Radiological changes in the femoral side after XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['cementless total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['coxarthrosis']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['cementless total hip arthroplasty']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The mortality rate both before and after birth is higher in twins. Parents face a particularly difficult mourning experience when confronted with the loss of 1 of their newborn twins. The aim of this article is to describe how parents experience and cope with this situation over the long term, how they describe the loss at the time of the @entity204 in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), the way they are able to become attached to the surviving twin, and the role that NICU caregivers can play to help them. METHOD AND POPULATION: This study is part of a larger qualitative study on parental mourning after the loss of a newborn in 4 NICUs in France. Semi-structured research interviews were conducted 3years after the @entity204 . The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and anonymized. Discourse analysis was used to extract the data on different themes. Among the 166 participating parents, 26 had lost a newborn twin. RESULTS: The parents reported their difficulties when faced with simultaneous contradictory events at the time of the @entity204 of a twin @entity1 in the NICU. Mourning appeared to be more difficult in this particular case: to combine the loss of a deceased @entity1 with the care of the surviving newborn was very complicated. The existence of the "co-twin" was described as an essential support for the parents; however, over the long term, this @entity1 could not fulfill the feelings of @entity4776 . The relation with this surviving @entity1 was sometimes disturbed by parental @entity148 that the accident could recur. Fathers and mothers showed repression of their sadness and despair. The representations of the 2 @entity1 in their parents' mind were sometimes very close or even overlapping and some parents were confused with regards to the place each of them could have. In the NICU, the caregivers should be able to listen to the parents expressing their contradictory feelings, to sustain the acknowledgement of the loss of 1 @entity1 , and in becoming attached to the surviving @entity1 . Parents need to be reassured about their living @entity1 's health. CONCLUSION: When faced with the loss of a newborn twin, parents are overwhelmed by the coexistence of contradictory feelings. The role of the medical staff is essential in building separate stories and having different memories for each @entity1 .

title: [Experience of parents after the loss of a newborn twin in the NICU: a qualitative study 3 years after the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity4776 :: ('MESH:D004652', 'Disease') :: ['emptiness']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: Although the mechanisms by which the cerebral cortex controls its ascending input are still poorly understood, it is known that cortical control at the thalamic level is via direct glutamatergic projections to relay nuclei and to the reticular nucleus. Here we confirm previous light microscopic reports of a high expression of the @entity140 ( @entity140 ) receptor subunit, @entity18857 , in reticular and ventral posterior thalamic nuclei of the @entity35 , and moderate staining using an antibody recognizing both @entity139 and @entity18858 . In contrast only low levels of staining for @entity139 , and barely detectable levels of @entity4860 immunoreactivity were observed. After injections of biotinylated dextran, electron microscopy revealed that anterogradely-labeled cortical synapses in both thalamic nuclei were small with fewer mitochondria and more densely-packed vesicles than terminals likely to arise from intrinsic and ascending pathways. We performed post-embedding immunogold to provide quantitative data on the density of @entity140 receptor subunits at morphologically-defined groups of synapses. We found that corticothalamic synapses in the reticular thalamic nucleus contain twice as much @entity139 /3, and at least three times more @entity18857 protein than do intrathalamic synapses. In the ventral posterior nucleus, corticothalamic synapses contain similar amounts of @entity139 /3, but four times more @entity18857 than do those from ascending afferents. Corticothalamic synapses in reticular nucleus contain slightly more @entity139 /3, and three times more @entity18857 , than those in ventral posterior nucleus. We conclude that enrichment of @entity18857 at morphologically-defined cortical synapses is a feature common to both thalamic nuclei, and those in the reticular nucleus express higher levels of @entity140 receptors. The rapid kinetics of @entity18857 -rich @entity140 receptors we suggest indicate that cortical descending control may be more temporally precise than previously recognized.

title: Differential synaptic distribution of @entity140 receptor subunits in the ventral posterior and reticular thalamic nuclei of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity140 :: ('MESH:D018350', 'Chemical') :: ['AMPA', 'alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2779 ( @entity2848 ) is an antiarrhythmic, Class Ic agent. Its metabolism is genetically controlled by a cytochrome P450 isoenzyme named @entity5320 , which shows polymorphism in @entity1 population. The aim of this paper was to determine the correlation between the antiarrhythmic efficacy of @entity2848 and the oxidation phenotype. SUBJECTS AND MATERIAL: The study group consisted of 42 @entity1 , aged 36 to 75 years, suffering from @entity955 ( @entity955 ). The oxidation phenotype was described by the metabolic ratio (MR) of @entity5127 . The MR value separated the group of poor metabolizers (MR > 20) from the group of extensive metabolizers (MR < 20) with the subgroup of very extensive metabolizers (MR < 1). METHOD: The study was conducted during a 3-month @entity2848 therapy for the prophylaxis of @entity955 . @entity2848 was given orally, 300-450 mg/day. The oxidation phenotype was checked prior to the administration of @entity2848 . Serum concentration of @entity2848 at 7, 11 days and the end of @entity2848 therapy were determined. Statistical analysis of data was performed with the chi2 test and the Pearson's correlation methods. RESULTS: In the group of 42 @entity1 , @entity2848 therapy was 100% effective in poor metabolizers (PM). In extensive metabolizers (EM), 61% efficacy was observed with efficacy 0% in very extensive metabolizers (VEM). The correlation between oxidation phenotype and the ability to maintain sinus rhythm (SR) was statistically significant (r = 0.414, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The antiarrhythmic efficacy of @entity2779 depends on the oxidation phenotype; 100% efficacy occurred in the group of poor metabolizers whereas @entity2848 , at the dose tested, was ineffective in very extensive metabolizers.

title: The influence of @entity5320 polymorphism on the antiarrhythmic efficacy of @entity2779 in @entity1 with @entity955 during 3 months XXXX prophylactic treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2779 :: ('MESH:D011405', 'Chemical') :: ['Propafenone', 'propafenone']

entities_list: @entity5127 :: ('MESH:D013034', 'Chemical') :: ['sparteine']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity2779 :: (MESH:D011405,Chemical) :: ['propafenone']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The effect of the antiangiogenic agent @entity5747 on the healing of colonic anastomoses was studied in a @entity35 model. METHODS: @entity35 underwent an end-to-end colonic @entity254 and its healing was tested by measuring bursting pressure, @entity720 content and number of newly formed vessels. For the bursting pressure experiment @entity5747 was given intraperitoneally in a dose of 200 mg/kg (maximal tolerable dose) and 100 mg/kg. @entity720 content and vessel density were only tested at 100 mg/kg since the @entity137 at this dose was lower whereas bursting pressure was still diminished. RESULTS: There were no deaths. On the fourth day after operation bursting pressure in the control group was significantly higher than that in @entity35 treated with @entity5747 200 mg/kg (P = 0.006) and 100 mg/kg (P = 0.002). @entity397 occurred at the anastomotic line. On day 7, this difference was not statistically significant. Four days after the operation, the @entity720 content and vessel density were significantly below that in control segments ( @entity720 : 10.3 versus 7.8 microg per mg dry weight; vessel content: 85.7 versus 49.6 vessels per x 100 field for control and @entity5747 -treated @entity35 respectively). On the seventh day no difference in @entity720 levels was seen but the vessel density was still diminished significantly (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Experimentally, @entity5747 significantly inhibits and delays healing of colonic anastomoses. Presented in part to the XXXII Congress of the European Society for Surgical Research in Corfu, Greece, May 1997

title: Experimental study of intraperitoneal XXXX on the healing of colonic anastomoses.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline', 'Hydroxyproline']

answer: @entity5747 :: (MESH:D013498,Chemical) :: ['suramin']


abstract: We have performed a prospective, randomized, controlled trial comparing continuous intravenous unfractionated heparin with twice-daily subcutaneous (s.c.) high-dose low-molecular-weight (LMW) heparin in the initial treatment of 50 @entity1 with acute proximal @entity1150 . In this article we analyze the relationship between the dosage of the heparins, the anticoagulant effects on aPTT, and @entity556 and @entity6236 inhibition to the improvement of the Marder score after a 10-day treatment period. Improvement of the Marder score was observed in about 70% of @entity1 without regard to administration of unfractionated or LMW heparin. @entity1 in both treatment categories were divided into two groups, namely, those who showed an improvement of the Marder score and those who did not. In the group of @entity1 with unfractionated heparin and regression of @entity715 size the mean dosage was 33,000 U/day, whereas the mean dosage was 37,000 U/day in the @entity1 with status idem of the Marder score after the 10-day treatment period. @entity556 clotting time values were in contrast to the dosage. @entity1 with regression of @entity715 showed higher @entity556 clotting time values compared with those with status idem. These results were also seen with aPTT and the @entity3459 assay, but the differences between the two groups were less pronounced. No differences between these two groups of @entity1 were seen or detected with the S2222 chromogenic anti- @entity6236 method. @entity1 receiving 2 x 12,000 IU s.c./day LMW heparin did not show these differences, the dosage being adjusted by the anti-Xa levels, ranging from 0.6 to 1.0 U/mL 4 hours after the s.c. injection. The groups of @entity1 categorized as to improvement or not of the Marder score did not show differences in the daily dose. The anti-Xa activity was higher in @entity1 with regression of @entity715 compared with @entity1 without regression. The other coagulation parameters did not show any relation to the clinical outcome of @entity715 regression. The relationship between the change of the Marder score at day 10 and the anticoagulant effect on the different coagulation systems correlated weakly for @entity1 receiving unfractionated heparin. The highest correlation was found for the improvement of Marder score and @entity556 inhibition in the heparin group with r = 0.42. For LMW heparin no correlation could be detected. @entity3459 values were in the same range for @entity1 receiving unfractionated and LMW heparin. In contrast to the chromogenic anti-Xa assay, aPTT, @entity556 clotting time, and prothrombin time values differed substantially in the two treatment regimens. Treatment of recent @entity1150 with unfractionated heparin profits from laboratory monitoring, whereas monitoring of the anticoagulant effect during the treatment with s.c. LMW heparin does not influence the outcome on @entity715 regression.

title: Dosage, anticoagulant, and antithrombotic effects of heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity556 :: ('2147', 'Gene') :: ['Thrombin', 'thrombin']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['Heptest coagulation']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep vein thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the modified Nuss procedure with a subxiphoid incision in correcting recurrent @entity1408 . METHODS: From August 2006 to July 2010, 28 @entity1 with recurrent @entity1408 underwent a secondary repair using the modified Nuss procedure with a subxiphoid incision and bilateral thoracoscopy. Data concerning symptoms, operative course, complications, pulmonary function and early outcome were recorded. RESULTS: Prior repairs of the reoperation @entity1 included 16 Ravitch, 9 modified Ravitch and 3 sterno-turnover procedures. The median Haller index was 4.52 for the redo @entity1 . Presenting symptoms included decreased endurance, dyspnoea on exertion, @entity662 , frequent @entity1729 and palpitations. The median duration of reoperation was slightly longer than that of the primary surgeries. @entity190 and postoperative hospitalization were similar between groups. Complications from pectus reoperations included pneumothorax, @entity1143 , @entity282 and wound @entity281 in the lateral incision. There were no perioperative @entity204 or cardiac perforations. Initial postoperative results varied from excellent to good. The @entity1 were followed up for 24-74 months. No steel bar malposition or stabilizer displacement was found in any case. CONCLUSIONS: The modified Nuss procedure with subxiphoid incision and bilateral thoracoscopy can avoid @entity299 to the greatest degree. It would be a minimally invasive and safe approach for @entity1 with recurrent @entity1408 after failed open repair.

title: Modified Nuss procedure in the treatment of recurrent XXXX after open repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['Blood loss']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1408 :: ('MESH:D005660', 'Disease') :: ['pectus excavatum']

answer: @entity1408 :: (MESH:D005660,Disease) :: ['pectus excavatum']


abstract: A best evidence topic in cardiac surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was whether ventricular pacing wires should be placed routinely in all @entity1 undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) regardless of immediate post-cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) rhythm status. Using the reported search, 142 papers were found, from which 10 papers represented the best evidence on the subject. The author, date and country of 10 publications, study type, @entity1 group studied, relevant outcomes and results are tabulated. Complete atrio-ventricular (AV) block is the main reason for inserting ventricular pacing wires upon conclusion of CABG. Eight studies found complete @entity616 to be a rare entity post-CABG. The rate of complete @entity616 in CABG in our review ranged from 0.3 to 24%. The calculated average rate of @entity616 in all studies was 2.4%. The number needed to treat with ventricular wires to support a @entity1 who develops @entity616 is 42. One randomized controlled trial found 3% risk of complete @entity616 post-CABG. Another cohort of 222 @entity1 revealed a rate of 1.8% for complete @entity616 . For one cohort of 770 @entity1 , post-CABG the rate of complete @entity616 was found to be 0.3%. In one cohort of 25 @entity1 , there was a rate of 4% for complete @entity616 post-CABG. Another study of 564 @entity1 revealed a rate of 0.7% for complete @entity616 . A study of 4999 @entity1 post-CABG reported a rate of 1.2% for complete @entity616 . In one cohort of 93 @entity1 , there was a 4% risk of complete @entity616 . Another cohort of 62 @entity1 showed a rate of 1.6% for complete @entity616 . Only two papers found the rate of complete @entity616 post-CABG to be as high as 24 and 16%. Both studies were limited by sample size. In conclusion, routine ventricular pacing wire insertion post-CABG is unnecessary given that routine use of ventricular wires can occasionally cause complications such as @entity548 and @entity2293 and thus is not risk free. We also found that the incidence of complete @entity616 is probably higher in on-CPB CABG than off-CPB CABG and that AV pacing may be haemodynamically beneficial for some @entity1 postoperatively.

title: Is it worth placing ventricular pacing wires in all XXXX post-coronary artery bypass grafting?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of hiatal and @entity1514 clamping on postoperative outcome and morbidity and factors affecting mortality and morbidity. The records of 102 @entity1 who had undergone @entity1755 repair between 1993 and 2005 were evaluated retrospectively. Hiatal clamping and @entity1514 clamping were performed in 72 @entity1 and 30 @entity1 , respectively. @entity260 and survival were evaluated comparatively between the two groups by univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Overall mortality and hospital mortality rates were 63 (61.8%) and 24 (23.5%) @entity1 , respectively; and there was no difference between the two groups. @entity260 , @entity344 , and blood requirement were higher in the @entity1514 clamping group. @entity1457 and @entity8 time (>30 min) were found to be significant predictors of hospital mortality. @entity177 was the only independent postoperative predictor of mortality. In the follow-up period, cardiac event was an independent predictor of late mortality. If hospital mortalities were excluded, 5-year and 10-year cumulative survivals were 57.82 +/- 5.85% and 38.16 +/- 6.97%, respectively. Cross-clamp level did not have a significant effect on long-term survival. Although both @entity1514 and hiatal clamping had no effect on mortality, postoperative @entity1576 , blood requirement, and @entity63 were more pronounced in @entity1 operated with @entity1514 clamping. Hiatal clamping is preferable for a safe postoperative period.

title: Effects of @entity1514 and hiatal clamping in repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative shock']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal complications']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications', 'Postoperative respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2133 rinses are widely recommended and marketed to improve oral health. This article summarizes current studies on the comparative effectiveness of selected @entity2133 rinses in controlling plaque and @entity2522 , as well as risks associated with daily exposure, including salivary flow rate, @entity5 and wear of composite restorations. METHODS: Electronic database searches were conducted using Google Scholar and PubMed to identify articles comparing the effectiveness of 4 commercially marketed @entity2133 rinses differing in active ingredients (0.12% @entity5164 , essential oils ( @entity4746 , @entity4745 and @entity12263 ) and @entity27178 , 0.7% @entity4410 and 20% aloe vera gel) for controlling plaque and @entity2522 . Criteria for inclusion included controlled clinical trials and systematic reviews appearing in English language publications evaluating the comparative effectiveness of the mouth rinses in controlling plaque and @entity2522 , as well as risks associated with daily usage. RESULTS: The majority of studies have shown mouth rinses containing @entity5164 or essential oils and @entity27178 provide clinically significant anti- @entity2522 and anti-plaque benefits. @entity4410 has been found to provide only limited clinical benefits compared to inactive control mouth rinse. Inadequate evidence is available to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of aloe vera gel. @entity1216 , essential oils and cetylpyridinium have been found to be safe. However, limited data are available on the effects of the mouth rinse on wear patterns of dental restorations. Studies reviewed reported no significant difference in salivary flow rate related to @entity167 @entity2133 rinse. CONCLUSION: Research supports the effectiveness of @entity2133 rinses in reducing plaque and @entity2522 as an adjunct to home care. Insufficient evidence is available to support the claim that oral antiseptics can reduce the risk of developing @entity2521 or the rate of progression of @entity2521 .

title: XXXX rinses: an update on comparative effectiveness, risks and recommendations.

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['Chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity4410 :: ('MESH:D002594', 'Chemical') :: ['Cetylpyridinium chloride', 'cetylpyridinium chloride']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['antiseptic mouth', 'based mouth', 'Antiseptic mouth']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity12263 :: ('MESH:C010087', 'Chemical') :: ['eucalyptol']

entities_list: @entity27178 :: ('MESH:C033069', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl salicylate']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity5164 :: ('MESH:C010882', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine gluconate']

answer: @entity2133 :: (MESH:D014987,Disease) :: ['Antiseptic mouth']


abstract: OBJECT: In this paper the authors describe a modified far-lateral transcondylar approach to @entity808 ( @entity808 ). METHODS: Between September 2008 and June 2011, 11 consecutive @entity1 with @entity808 underwent @entity5 removal via a modified far-lateral transcondylar approach. The average age at presentation, @entity5 characteristics, @entity129 , and outcomes were assessed. The modified far-lateral transcondylar approach comprises several important steps. The first step is to remove the limited posterior aspect of the condylar facet to open the hypoglossal canal. The second step is to expose the posterior arch and the transverse process of @entity6746 . A fat layer covers the venous plexus of the vertebral artery, and careful dissection along this surface of the fat layer is important to protect the vertebral artery from damage. The neck muscles are dissected caudally to expose the extracranial component of the @entity5 , which is located in front of the transverse process of @entity6746 . RESULTS: Eleven cases of @entity808 were treated during the study period. The mean @entity1 age was 47.4    8.9 years (range 31-59 years); there were 3 @entity1 and 8 @entity1 . The mean follow-up period was 14.1    9 months. All @entity1 presented with @entity6256 ; other commonly observed deficits included @entity4237 . Gross-total resection of the @entity5 was achieved in 10 @entity1 . A subtotal resection of the @entity5 was achieved in the remaining @entity1 . Two @entity1 had transient postoperative @entity2103 , 1 @entity1 developed a new CN XI palsy postoperatively, and 5 @entity1 experienced transient hoarseness and @entity1282 . Two @entity1 required a tracheotomy because they demonstrated dysfunction of the caudal CNs and subsequently developed @entity86 . Postoperatively, 5 @entity1 required the temporary placement of a nasogastric feeding tube. There were no surgery-related deaths in this series. CONCLUSIONS: The modified far-lateral transcondylar approach is an effective treatment for @entity808 , yielding a high @entity5 removal rate with an acceptable rate of morbidity.

title: Using a modified far-lateral approach to XXXX : notes on technique.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['remove hypoglossal neurilemmomas', 'HGNs']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve (CN) deficits']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'total tumor']

entities_list: @entity6256 :: ('MESH:D020437', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglossal nerve deficits']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity4237 :: ('MESH:D000160', 'Disease') :: ['glossopharyngeal and vestibular/cochlear nerve deficits']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['difficulty swallowing']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['remove hypoglossal neurilemmomas']


abstract: Strict anaerobic culture techniques were used to quantitate heterotrophic bacteria present in hindguts of @entity39017 . The grand mean number of viable cells per hindgut was 0.4 X 10(5) (first-instar larvae), 1.3 X 10(5) (third-instar larvae), 3.5 X 10(5) (workers), and 1.5 X 10(5) (soldiers). Of a total of 344 isolates, 66.3% were streptococci that were always obtained regardless of the origin of termites, their developmental stage or caste, or their length of captivity. Most of the remaining isolates were strains of Bacteroides and Enterobacteriaceae. A small percentage were strains of Lactobacillus, Fusobacterium, and unidentified anaerobic gram-positive rods. Recovery of bacteria from worker hindguts was 13.0% of the direct microscopic count. Isolations performed aerobically failed to reveal strict aerobes. Attempts to isolate cellulolytic bacteria were uniformly unsuccessful. Of 145 streptococcal strains isolated from freshly collected termites, almost all were @entity7878 and @entity26135 . Enterobacteriaceae isolates from the same termite specimens were @entity104 -positive Citrobacter, @entity1792 -negative Citrobacter, and @entity7100 . The possibility of in situ interspecies @entity880 transfer, between @entity880 producers (e.g., streptococci) and @entity880 fermenters (Bacteroides), is discussed.

title: Heterotrophic bacteria present in hindguts of wood-eating termites [ XXXX (Kollar)].

entities_list: @entity39017 :: ('36989', 'Species') :: ['Reticulitermes flavipes']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity7878 :: ('1358', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus lactis']

entities_list: @entity7100 :: ('550', 'Species') :: ['Enterobacter cloacae']

answer: @entity39017 :: (36989,Species) :: ['Reticulitermes flavipes']


abstract: Various @entity3363 were tested for their effect on the differential rate of synthesis of M protein during the growth of @entity4195 0055 M12T12. In a semisynthetic medium alone, a high rate of M protein synthesis occurred with @entity413 as a substrate; decreasing rates of synthesis occurred with @entity969 and @entity7970 , in that order, although the rates of growth were approximately equal with all @entity3363 . A period of derepressed synthesis of M protein occurred in the lag phase of growth and in the stationary period as the substrates were being depleted. Although @entity413 inhibited the utilization of other @entity3363 , diauxie was not apparent from the growth curves. However, synthesis of M protein followed strong diauxie curves with a reduction in rate of synthesis during the utilization of the second sugar. With @entity413 as a substrate, @entity897 showed a strong permanent repression of M protein synthesis, whereas both @entity413 and @entity897 caused temporary repression when @entity969 was the substrate. Horse serum increased the rate of synthesis of M protein in a manner very similar to that caused by adding @entity1919 , although quantitative analyses suggested that @entity1919 , per se, was not the effector in horse serum. Addition of Todd Hewitt broth permitted the organisms to grow on phosphorylated @entity3363 . Although the rates of growth on phosphorylated @entity3363 were similar to that obtained with @entity413 , M protein was not synthesized when a @entity36797 was the sole substrate. The addition of phosphorylated @entity3363 with @entity413 or @entity969 as substrates strongly repressed the synthesis of M protein with @entity13993 and with @entity4567 repressing M protein synthesis the most. Clearly, M protein synthesis, which was not required for growth, was preferentially induced by @entity413 as compared to the other @entity3363 and was dependent upon the metabolic route by which @entity413 was utilized.

title: Regulation of the synthesis of M protein by @entity3363 , Todd Hewitt broth, and horse serum, in growing cells of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7970 :: ('MESH:D014199', 'Chemical') :: ['trehalose']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes strain']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity4567 :: ('MESH:C029063', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose 1,6-diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity36797 :: ('CHEBI:33447', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorylated sugar']

entities_list: @entity13993 :: ('MESH:C031590', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose-1-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity897 :: ('MESH:D003847', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxyglucose']

answer: @entity4195 :: (1314,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']


abstract: @entity1470 ( @entity1470 ) is a rare variant of @entity1469 that originates from the implantation site intermediate trophoblast. We report four @entity1 with @entity1470 and review pertinent literature. Three @entity1 presented with disease confined to the uterus and one @entity1 with disease extension beyond the uterus. Antecedent pregnancy was full-term pregnancy in three @entity1 and termination of a 21-week pregnancy in one @entity1 . Interval from the antecedent pregnancy was <1 year in three @entity1 and 13 years in one @entity1 . Primary treatment was simple hysterectomy in three @entity1 and radical hysterectomy in one @entity1 . Overall, three @entity1 received chemotherapy; one had EP/EMA as adjuvant chemotherapy, one had EMA/CO for rising levels of serum beta-hCG and one had BEP then @entity3549 for recurrent disease. The three @entity1 with disease confined to the uterus have remained after treatment alive and with no evidence of disease, whereas the one @entity1 with disease extension beyond the uterus died of disease despite surgery and aggressive chemotherapy. It is concluded that disease extension beyond the uterus is the most important adverse prognostic factor. Other adverse prognostic factors are interval from antecedent pregnancy >2 years, age >40 years, and mitotic count >5 mitotic figures/10 high-power fields. Because of the relative insensitivity to chemotherapy, hysterectomy is the mainstay of treatment. EP/EMA seems to be the most effective first-line chemotherapy available to date for metastatic and relapsing @entity1470 .

title: XXXX : report of four cases and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity1470 :: ('MESH:D018245', 'Disease') :: ['Placental site trophoblastic tumor', 'PSTT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic disease']

answer: @entity1470 :: (MESH:D018245,Disease) :: ['Placental site trophoblastic tumor']


abstract: Pharmacogenetic studies have shown that @entity74 in drug-metabolizing enzymes encoded by @entity5060 , @entity4433 genes and by the transporter @entity1262 gene can influence @entity3174 ( @entity461 ) plasma levels and @entity137 . The @entity1 reported here is a 2-year-old @entity1 with a medical history of cryptogenic (probably symptomatic) @entity302 , who had her first focal @entity410 with secondary generalization at 13 months of age. She initially received oral @entity1092 treatment and three months later, she was prescribed an oral @entity2051 treatment. At 20 months of age, she was admitted to the Emergency Department because of generalized @entity159 needing to be immediately treated with rectal @entity3175 (0.5   mg   kg(-1)), intravenous @entity3175 (0.3   mg   kg(-1)), and intravenous @entity3174 with an initial-loading dose of 15   mg   kg(-1). However, two hours after the initial-loading dose of @entity461 , the @entity1 developed @entity1296 , @entity346 , @entity2055 and excessive sedation. Other potential causes of @entity461 @entity137 were excluded such as drug interactions, decreased albumin or lab error. Therefore, to explain the @entity137 , @entity461 plasma levels and @entity5060 , @entity4433 and @entity1262 genetic polymorphisms were analyzed. Initial plasma @entity461 levels were higher than expected (69   mg   l(-1); normal range: 10-20   mg   l(-1)), and the @entity1 was homozygous for the @entity5060 *2 allele, heterozygous for the @entity4433 *4 allele and homozygous for the 3435C and 1236C @entity1262 alleles. Present findings support the previously established relationship between @entity5060 and @entity4433 genetic polymorphisms and the increased risk to develop @entity461 @entity137 owing to high plasma concentrations. Nevertheless, although the association of these genes with @entity461 -induced adverse effects has been well-documented in adult populations, this is the first report examining the influence of these genetic polymorphisms on @entity461 plasma levels and @entity137 in a pediatric @entity1 .

title: @entity137 after @entity3174 infusion in a pediatric @entity1 with XXXX : influence of @entity5060 , @entity4433 and @entity1262 genetic polymorphisms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'neurological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity2051 :: ('MESH:C036006', 'Chemical') :: ['oxcarbazepine']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defects']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive Status Epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: We treated 16 @entity1 with @entity7057 and @entity772 , or deep @entity772 . Their ages ranged from 44 to 79 years (mean age: 66.3 years). Manual aspiration was performed in 9 @entity1 and suboccipital craniectomy was performed in 7 @entity1 . The difference in outcome between the manual aspiration group and the suboccipital craniectomy group with severe @entity7057 was then evaluated. Manual aspiration was performed for 4 @entity1 in @entity772 , and 5 in deep @entity772 , with a mean age of 69.0 years. The average size of the @entity1410 was 48.7mm and the mean volume was 31. 7ml on CT scan. The mean interval from admission to operation was about 60 minutes. The mean aspiration rate was 79.6% and 7 @entity1 (77.8%) had a good response to drainage. The suboccipital craniectomy @entity1 included 5 in @entity772 , and 2 in deep @entity772 , with a mean age of 63.4 years. The average size of the @entity1410 was 51.1 mm and the mean volume was 33.1 ml on CT scan. The mean interval from admission to operation was about 112 minutes and the mean evacuation rate was 86.4%. The results were as follows: 1) After manual aspiration, 5 @entity1 (55.6%) had a good outcome and 2 @entity1 (40%) with deep @entity772 showed good recovery. In contrast, after suboccipital craniectomy only 2 @entity1 (28.6%) had a good outcome and all of the deep @entity772 @entity1 showed poor recovery. 2) The outcome may be most strongly influenced by the duration from admission to operation. 3) All @entity1 with a @entity1410 volume of over 30 ml had a poor outcome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Emergency manual aspiration for severe XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7057 :: ('MESH:D020299', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive cerebellar hemorrhage']

answer: @entity7057 :: (MESH:D020299,Disease) :: ['hypertensive cerebellar hemorrhage']


abstract: Feline @entity146 towards @entity1 has a smaller incidence than @entity235 @entity146 , but also represents an important public health problem. The aim of this work was to analyse feline @entity146 reported towards @entity1 , to estimate its incidence and to assess the risk factors involved. The information was obtained from the Public Health Centres in the Valencian Region (Spain). A total of 936 acts of feline @entity146 were analysed. @entity468 inflicted 8% of all animal bites reported. The annual average was 6.36 feline @entity146 incidents per 100,000 @entity1 . Most aggressive incidents occurred during the summer months. @entity1 (0-14 years old) and @entity1 were more likely to be bitten. Wounds were mainly punctures, single, and mild, and were located mostly on the hands. In @entity1 , the head and neck areas were affected much more than in adults. The @entity468 involved in incidents were mostly Siamese, female and owned; these @entity468 mainly attacked their owners. Most occurrences were a defensive response by the cat.

title: Incidence of and risk factors for cat bites: a first step in prevention and treatment of feline XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Children', 'people']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggression']


abstract: In this report, the expression of late symbiotic genes (fnrN, fixN, and nifA) of @entity14441 . viciae was studied in nodules of mutant @entity3587 lines blocked at four successive stages of nodule development. Bacterial gene expression was analyzed in situ with transcriptional gusA reporter gene fusions. As a control, a constitutively expressed gusA gene was included. In the nodules of Nop(nodule persistence) mutants (mutant in gene sym13), which had not yet exhibited signs of premature senescence, the expression patterns observed were identical to those in wild-type nodules. Normal expression of fusions also occurred in nodules defective at the @entity281 droplet differentiation stage (mutant in gene sym40) in which bacteria are endocytosed, but @entity281 threads and @entity281 droplets are hypertrophied. In contrast, in Itn- ( @entity281 thread formation inside the nodule tissue) mutants (mutant gene sym33), in which there is no endocytosis of bacteria, expression of the constitutive fusion was only in @entity281 threads and no activity was shown for the other fusions. From this it can be concluded that functionality of the plant gene Sym33, i.e., bacterial endocytosis, is a prerequisite for the expression of late symbiotic genes in the microsymbiont. No morphologically distinct interzone II-III could be detected in nodules blocked at the bacteroid differentiation stage (mutants in gene sym31). The constitutive fusion was expressed equally throughout the nodule tissue (except for the meristem), and the activity of fusions to late symbiotic genes increased gradually with a maximal expression level at the base of the nodule. This is consistent with an altered @entity26 barrier previously reported for these nodules. By including double mutants, earlier results on sequential functioning of gene pairs sym33-sym40 and sym31-sym13 could be confirmed and it could be demonstrated that the developmental epistasis found at the morphological level also is reflected in the expression pattern of late symbiotic genes in the microsymbiont.

title: Effect of mutations in @entity3587 . genes blocking different stages of nodule development on the expression of late symbiotic genes in XXXX bv. viciae.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity14441 :: ('384', 'Species') :: ['Rhizobium leguminosarum bv']

answer: @entity14441 :: (384,Species) :: ['Rhizobium leguminosarum']


abstract: Poor vascularization is the key limitation for long-term acceptance of large three-dimensional (3D) tissue engineering constructs in regenerative medicine. 45S5 Bioglass(  ) was investigated given its potential for applications in bone engineering. Since native Bioglass(  ) shows insufficient angiogenic properties, we used a collagen coating, to seed @entity1 adipose tissue-derived stem cells ( @entity938 ) confluently onto 3D 45S5 Bioglass(  )-based scaffolds. To investigate vascularization by semiquantitative analyses, these biofunctionalized scaffolds were then subjected to in vitro @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells formation assays, and were also investigated in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) angiogenesis model, an in vivo angiogenesis assay, which uses the CAM of the hen's egg. In their native, nonbiofunctionalized state, neither Bioglass(  )-based nor biologically inert fibrous @entity7502 control scaffolds showed angiogenic properties. However, significant vascularization was induced by @entity938 -seeded scaffolds (Bioglass(  ) and @entity7502 ) in the CAM angiogenesis assay. Biofunctionalized scaffolds also showed enhanced tube lengths, compared to unmodified scaffolds or constructs seeded with fibroblasts. In case of biologically inert @entity547 meshes, the quantification of @entity7 secretion as the key angiogenic stimulus strongly correlated to the tube lengths and vessel numbers in all models. This correlation proved the CAM angiogenesis assay to be a suitable semiquantitative tool to characterize angiogenic effects of larger 3D implants. In addition, our results suggest that combinations of suitable scaffold materials, such as 45S5 Bioglass(  ), with @entity938 could be a promising approach for future tissue engineering applications.

title: 45S5-Bioglass(  )-based 3D-scaffolds seeded with XXXX adipose tissue-derived stem cells induce in vivo vascularization in the CAM angiogenesis assay.

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent reports have suggested that the prevalence of @entity2438 @entity72 ( @entity72 ) is substantially higher than previously recognised. We sought to quantify prevalence of @entity72 in @entity1 in South Thames, UK. METHODS: Within a total population cohort of 56 946 @entity1 aged 9-10 years, we screened all those with a current clinical diagnosis of @entity2438 (n=255) or those judged to be at risk for being an undetected case (n=1515). A stratified subsample (n=255) received a comprehensive diagnostic assessment, including standardised clinical observation, and parent interview assessments of autistic symptoms, language, and intelligence quotient (IQ). Clinical consensus diagnoses of childhood @entity2438 and other @entity72 were derived. We used a sample weighting procedure to estimate prevalence. FINDINGS: The prevalence of childhood @entity2438 was 38.9 per 10,000 (95% CI 29.9-47.8) and that of other @entity72 was 77.2 per 10,000 (52.1-102.3), making the total prevalence of all @entity72 116.1 per 10,000 (90.4-141.8). @entity1129 of childhood @entity2438 , which combined clinical consensus with instrument criteria for past and current presentation, provided a prevalence of 24.8 per 10,000 (17.6-32.0). The rate of previous local identification was lowest for @entity1 of less educated parents. INTERPRETATION: Prevalence of @entity2438 and related @entity72 is substantially greater than previously recognised. Whether the increase is due to better ascertainment, broadening diagnostic criteria, or increased incidence is unclear. Services in health, education, and social care will need to recognise the needs of @entity1 with some form of @entity2438 , who constitute 1% of the @entity1 population.

title: Prevalence of disorders of the @entity2438 spectrum in a population cohort of @entity1 in South Thames: the Special Needs and XXXX Project (SNAP).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASDs', 'and related spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['A narrower definition']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['Autism']


abstract: @entity2661 are retained within platelets for several hours after plasma @entity2922 concentrations have returned to baseline. To determine whether platelet @entity2922 concentrations may provide an index of short-term elevations in plasma @entity1425 (A) and @entity1063 (NA), the response of plasma and platelet @entity2661 to an interval supramaximal, Max (107% VO(2) Max), and submaximal, Submax (37% VO(2) Max), cycling protocol was examined in seven healthy male volunteers, 22-34 years. Despite large rises in plasma NA and A in the Max study (12- and 8-fold increases above baseline, respectively) and smaller rises in the Submax study, the baseline platelet concentrations of A and NA fell significantly in the first 15 min of exercise in both groups. This fall was greater in the SubMax protocol. @entity2922 concentrations then increased slowly in the second half of exercise, but never returned to baseline. The circulating platelet count almost doubled during the exercise period, increasing from 308 to 569 X 10(3) platelets/ml plasma in both studies, returning close to baseline in recovery. These results indicate that at the beginning of exercise there is large rise in plasma @entity2661 and the circulating platelet count, with a fall in the platelet @entity2922 concentrations. This suggests that a sequestered platelet population, free of @entity2661 , is released at the beginning of exercise. This release most probably occurs from the spleen. If this is the case, the reason for a propagation of platelets in the spleen, free of @entity2661 , requires further investigation.

title: Unexpected changes in the XXXX content of platelets and plasma during exercise.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines', 'Catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine', 'Catecholamine']

answer: @entity2922 :: (CHEBI:33567,Chemical) :: ['catecholamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although supplementation with supraphysiological doses of @entity1955 (T4) has been an effective treatment for @entity1316 in open studies, questions remain as to the tolerability of this treatment. This is the first study to investigate subjective @entity1 response and tolerability to long-term treatment with adjunctive T4. METHODS: Of 24 @entity1 with @entity1316 or @entity914 who were consecutively included into an open trial with supraphysiological T4, 16 were eligible for this study. Four measures were used to rate tolerability to T4 treatment. Subjective response was graded on a scale ranging from -33 (maximal negative response) to +33 (maximal positive response). Positive and negative effects were assessed on a structured questionnaire. Clinical tolerance was assessed with the clinician-rated Thyroid Symptom List and the self-rated Von Zerssen Complaint Lists. Outcome was assessed with the CGI for prophylactic ratings (CGI-BP). RESULTS: At the time of assessment, @entity1 had been treated with supraphysiological T4 (mean dose 368 microg/d) for a mean of 54 months. The total subjective response score was +25.2. Positive subjective response and observer-rated treatment success were moderately correlated. Ratings on the Thyroid Symptom List indicated an overall favorable side effect profile. General physical and mental symptoms were only slightly higher than in the general population. LIMITATIONS: This was an open, cross-sectional study that only included responders and partial responders to T4 treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Subjective response and side-effect tolerability of long-term supraphysiological doses of T4 is favorable in @entity1 with refractory mood and @entity914 who respond to the intervention.

title: Subjective response to and tolerability of long-term supraphysiological doses of XXXX in refractory @entity1316 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['refractory affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder', 'schizoaffective disorders']

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['levothyroxine']


abstract: Nanotechnologies generate a wide range of engineered nanomaterials that enter into our ecosystem, especially @entity505 -based nanoparticles (CNPs). As these novel materials acquire ever increasing numbers of applications, they may pose a risk to organisms, including @entity1 . However, our knowledge of nanoparticle-induced effects remains limited. We are yet to understand the interaction between nanoparticles and organisms, and classical toxicology fails to provide models for risk assessment. Biospectroscopy techniques were employed to identify the effects induced by real-world levels of a panel of CNPs. MCF-7 cells concentrated in S-phase or G0/G1-phase were treated for 24 h with short or long multiwalled @entity505 nanotubes (MWCNTs) or @entity16820 ( @entity12201 ) at the following concentrations: 0.0025 mg/L, 0.005 mg/L, 0.01 mg/L, 0.025 mg/L, 0.05 mg/L, and 0.1 mg/L. Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy coupled with computational analysis was then applied to interrogate the cells and significant dose-related effects were detected. From derived infrared spectra, distinct spectral biomarkers of cell alteration induced by each @entity11363 type were identified. Additionally, Raman spectroscopy was applied and allowed us to determine that reactive @entity26 species (ROS) were generated by CNPs. These observations highlight the potential of biospectroscopy techniques to determine @entity11363 -induced alterations in target @entity1 cells at ppb levels.

title: Dose-related alterations of @entity505 nanoparticles in XXXX cells detected using biospectroscopy: potential for real-world effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity16820 :: ('MESH:D037741', 'Chemical') :: ['Fullerene']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: @entity21261 1.25 and 5.0 mg p.o. q.d. was administered in double-blind fashion to two groups of six normal volunteers on 8 consecutive days. Blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma converting enzyme activity were measured each day prior to drug administration and up to 72 h after the last dose. Plasma @entity916 activity, blood @entity2178 , plasma @entity2178 , and @entity1369 as well as plasma cilazaprilat levels were determined on the first and the last day of active treatment at times 0, 4, and 24 h. The drug was very well tolerated by all volunteers. At 4 h postdrug, plasma converting enzyme activity was reduced in dose-dependent fashion on the first and the eighth day; plasma cilazaprilat levels were also clearly dose dependent. Nevertheless, 24 h postdrug cilazaprilat levels were similar on the first and last day of drug administration, and plasma converting enzyme activity was also stable throughout the 8 days. The various components of the @entity916 -angiotensin system responded in the usual fashion. These results provide strong evidence that @entity21261 is a very potent and highly effective converting enzyme inhibitor. Doses well below 5 mg/day will probably suffice for therapeutic efficacy. These data also confirm the hypothesis formulated in the preceding article, i.e., that there is no accumulation of the drug with repeated administration despite its long pharmacological half-life (t1/2).

title: Repeated administration of the converting enzyme inhibitor XXXX to normal volunteers.

entities_list: @entity21261 :: ('MESH:D017315', 'Chemical') :: ['Cilazapril', 'cilazapril']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin I', 'angiotensin II']

answer: @entity21261 :: (MESH:D017315,Chemical) :: ['cilazapril']


abstract: This group previously identified a peptide p13 of alpha3(IV)NC1 domain of type IV collagen that induces experimental autoimmune @entity631 (EAG) in @entity35 with generation of antibodies to sites on alpha3(IV)NC1 external to the peptide as a result of intramolecular epitope spreading. It was hypothesized that intermolecular epitope spreading to other collagen IV chains also was induced. @entity35 were immunized with nephritogenic peptide that was derived from the @entity1472 terminal part of @entity35 alpha3(IV)NC1 domain, and serum and kidney eluate were examined for antibodies to both native and recombinant NC1 domains of collagen IV. Peptide induced EAG with @entity644 and decreased renal function and glomerular basement membrane IgG deposits. Sera from these @entity35 were examined by ELISA, which revealed reactivity not only to immunizing peptide but also to @entity1 and @entity35 alpha3(IV)NC1 and to @entity1 @entity1293 domains. Kidney eluate that was depleted of alpha3(IV)NC1 antibodies still reacted to @entity1293 , and alpha3(IV)NC1 column-bound antibody reacted with alpha3(IV)NC1. There was minimal reactivity to other collagen chains. Eluate that was adsorbed to NC1 hexamer from @entity35 glomerular basement membrane lost all reactivity to glomerular constituents, and the eluted antibodies reacted to alpha3(IV)NC1 and @entity1293 domains. These studies show that a T cell epitope of alpha3(IV)NC1 induces EAG, intramolecular epitope spreading along alpha3(IV)NC1, and intermolecular epitope spreading to @entity1293 domain with minimal or no reactivity to other collagen chains or glomerular constituents. This is the first demonstration in EAG of intermolecular epitope spreading and identification of the spread epitopes.

title: A nephritogenic peptide induces intermolecular epitope spreading on collagen IV in experimental autoimmune XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulonephritis']


abstract: AIMS: To test whether symptoms of @entity322 after radical hysterectomy could be objectified with urodynamics and ultrasound. METHODS: This case-control study comprised 100 @entity1 who underwent radical hysterectomy for @entity5 without post-operative radiotherapy. Fifty @entity1 reporting @entity322 were matched with 50 @entity1 reporting continence. All @entity1 were assessed with ultrasound of the @entity1494 movements and urodynamics. RESULTS: No differences were found in ultrasound or urodynamic findings regarding mobility of the @entity1494 , maximal detrusor pressure, post-voiding residual urine, flow of urine, or bladder capacity. A significant reduction in urethral pressure at rest and at contraction among the incontinent @entity1 was, however, demonstrated. Among urge-incontinent @entity1 , urethral pressure at rest was significantly lower than among continent and stress-incontinent @entity1 , respectively. Stress-incontinent @entity1 had significantly lower urethral pressure at contraction than did urge-incontinent and continent @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: No differences in urodynamic or ultrasound findings were observed between the two groups, except for an overall difference in the intraurethral pressure. A decrease in the urethral pressure could contribute to the characterization of @entity322 after radical hysterectomy, indicating that the urethral sphincter mechanism plays a role in the pathophysiology. In this study design, the mobility of the @entity1494 did not play any role.

title: Urodynamic and ultrasound characteristics of XXXX after radical hysterectomy.

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2486 @entity566 has two different patterns: central Europe with @entity566 ( @entity566 ) related to a primary sensitization to birch pollen Bet v 1 and profilins and southern Europe with mostly systemic symptoms, in many cases due to sensitization to lipid-transfer proteins. METHODS: Thirty @entity2486 - @entity56 @entity1 with positive skin and food challenge tests and 29 control subjects were included. Skin prick tests (SPT) with inhalant allergens, commercial @entity2486 and apple extracts and native Pru @entity18907 were performed. In vitro specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E to grass pollen, birch pollen, @entity2486 , apple, rBet v 1, rBet v 2 and rPhl p 12 was determined by CAP, and rBet v 1, rMal d 1, rMal d 4, rMal d 3 and rPru @entity18907 using the ADVIA-Centaur platform. Basophil activation test (BAT) with commercial @entity2486 extract, commercial apple extract, nPru @entity18907 , rMal d 3, rMal d 1 and rMal d 4 was also performed. RESULTS: Pru @entity18907 was the major allergen in the @entity1 group from northern Spain. Sensitization to this allergen was found in 100% of the @entity1 with systemic symptoms or contact @entity110 . Only 60% of @entity566 @entity1 were sensitized to Pru @entity18907 , being all of them sensitized to profilins and 60% of them to allergens of the Bet v 1 family. Specific IgE determination and BAT using recombinant allergens (rPru @entity18907 ) show specificity and sensitivity values close to 100%. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity2486 - @entity56 @entity1 coming from the north of Spain present systemic symptoms after ingestion of @entity2486 , Pru @entity18907 being the main allergen. @entity1 with @entity566 present profilin-Bet v 1-related sensitization. Thus, in the north of Spain our @entity1 show a mixed central-south Europe pattern with LTP-profilin-Bet v 1 sensitization depending on the symptoms presented. The use of natural and recombinant plant allergens, allows establishing the sensitization patterns to the different allergens studied.

title: Two different profiles of XXXX @entity566 in the north of Spain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['OAS', 'allergy', 'oral allergy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity2486 :: (3760,Species) :: ['peach']


abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to describe the first documented @entity2893 -resistant @entity3274 (CRKP) outbreak in a tertiary care facility in Saudi Arabia. We initiated a prospective study to follow all cases of CRKP as well as the active surveillance of @entity1 in areas where cases were identified. We also conducted a retrospective review of the microbiology database for any missed cases of CRKP. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was conducted for the available CRKP isolates. During March 2010, a cluster of eight CRKPs was detected primarily in the adult intensive care unit (ICU). @entity1 with CRKPs were put under strict contact isolation, along with appropriate @entity281 control measures. A retrospective review of @entity3274 isolates over the previous 6 months revealed two more CRKPs. The PFGE results during the outbreak period showed that the majority of strains were genetically indistinguishable or closely related. The majority of @entity1 had prolonged hospital stay (91%), indwelling devices (81%), surgical procedures (74%), @entity2893 use (62%), and colonization/ @entity281 with other multiple drug-resistant organisms (MDROs) (57%). Two-fifths of @entity1 with CRKP had clinical @entity281 and 38% died during the current hospitalization. Contact isolation, hand hygiene, environmental cleaning, and staff education may control CRKP outbreak in the acute care setting, but did not prevent endemicity.

title: The epidemiology of the first described @entity2893 -resistant XXXX outbreak in a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia: how far do we go?

entities_list: @entity3274 :: ('573', 'Species') :: ['K. pneumoniae', 'Klebsiella pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity3274 :: (573,Species) :: ['Klebsiella pneumoniae']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the role of PET in the management of @entity1 with primary @entity5 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-one FDG PET studies in 48 @entity1 (median age 58, range 28-89 years, 20 female, 28 male) who were diagnosed with @entity5 were retrospectively analyzed. Thirteen were referred for initial diagnosis and staging while there was a suspicion of recurrence and/or @entity3 in 48 @entity1 during the follow-up period. RESULTS: On PET examinations of 13 @entity1 on initial presentation, 12 showed increased uptake in the @entity75 , while conventional methods (CT, MRI) were positive in 11 and were equivocal for 2 @entity1 . Six @entity1 with multiple nodal and 2 @entity1 with distant @entity3 were detected by PET. Conventional methods demonstrated lymph node @entity3 in 5 of these @entity1 . In the follow-up @entity1 group, PET was inaccurate (false-negative or positive) in 4 (8%) @entity1 with local recurrence, and in 4 (8%) with @entity3 . However, 15 (31%) studies for recurrence and 7 (15%) for @entity3 were false-negative with conventional radiologic methods. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for the detection of recurrent disease were 83%, 93%, 63%, and 98% for PET; 67%, 69%, 24%, and 94% for conventional methods, respectively. Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of PET for detecting @entity3 were 93%, 96%, 82%, and 99%, while those of conventional methods were 80%, 95%, 75%, and 96%, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that FDG PET is not only superior to CT and/or MRI for staging at the initial presentation but also superior to conventional imaging methodologies for detecting local recurrence and regional lymph node and distant @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: FDG PET in detecting primary and recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant SG tumor', 'malignant salivary gland (SG) tumor', 'malignant SG tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant salivary gland tumors']


abstract: @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) is one of the most common genetic @entity358 worldwide. The production of sticky viscous mucus leads to enhanced bacterial colonization and infection, but @entity375 and filamentous fungi are also found abundantly in the mucus of @entity1 suffering from @entity1577 . The role of fungi in the airways of @entity1577 @entity1 is still not understood completely. Furthermore, recent investigations have shown that the spectrum of fungi isolated from the airways of @entity1577 @entity1 depends strongly on the methods used. In this study, different mycological culture methods were compared: culture with a native inoculum, culture with homogenization of @entity1577 sputum, and culture after homogenization and serial dilutions of @entity1577 sputum. Altogether, 934 sputum samples from 113 @entity1 were examined from July 2009 through December 2011. A total of 1,744 fungal isolates was recovered; 20 different @entity375 and 14 filamentous fungal species were identified. @entity5132 , @entity18873 , and @entity7409 were the most common species of @entity375 . For the filamentous fungi, @entity54 was the most common, followed by Scedosporium apiospermum/Pseudallescheria boydii group and A. terreus. Many fungal, species such as Exophiala dermatitidis, Rasamsonia (Geosmithia) argillacea, and others, were isolated only from homogenized sputum samples. The longitudinal data also show that fungal colonization of @entity1577 @entity1 is quite stable, even when treated with @entity2059 . In conclusion, we recommend homogenizing @entity1577 sputa with a mucolyticum, to prepare serial dilutions, and to use appropriate fungal culture media with added antibiotics.

title: Modified culture method detects a high diversity of fungal species in cystic fibrosis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['C. parapsilosis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic fibrosis', 'CF']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3975 ( @entity3975 ) is the most common @entity5 and is successfully treated by surgery and radiation. However, some @entity1 have recurrent @entity5 and in these cases, few treatments options are available. @entity5 stem cells (CSC) have been observed and isolated from different solid @entity5 based on the expression of stem cell markers. These cells are associated with @entity5 initiation, progression as well as treatment resistance. In this study, the expression of stem cell markers @entity1759 , @entity3752 , @entity4729 and @entity2440 was evaluated in non-neoplastic salivary tissue and in @entity3975 . METHODS: Twenty-eight samples of @entity3975 and their corresponding non-neoplastic salivary tissue were examined by immunohistochemistry and the stem cell markers expression was correlated with histological and clinical parameters. RESULTS: @entity1759 was expressed in the membrane of serous and mucous acini as well as in the ductal cells in normal gland tissue. @entity3752 , @entity4729 and @entity2440 were mainly expressed in ductal structures. In @entity3975 , @entity1759 and @entity3752 showed strong expression in all types of neoplastic cells and both markers revealed intense expression in @entity5 invasive front. @entity4729 and @entity2440 protein expression was associated with desmoplasia and perineural invasion. Only @entity4729 positive @entity5 were associated with dissociative growth pattern and committed margins. CONCLUSION: The stem cell markers @entity1759 , @entity3752 , @entity4729 and @entity2440 are frequently expressed in @entity3975 in relation to normal salivary gland and @entity4729 and @entity2440 expression may contribute to @entity146 and worst prognosis in @entity3975 @entity1 .

title: Embryonic stem cells markers @entity4729 and @entity2440 correlate with perineural invasion in XXXX @entity3975 .

entities_list: @entity3975 :: ('MESH:D018277', 'Disease') :: ['Mucoepidermoid carcinoma', 'MEC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'Cancer', 'salivary gland malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complete arterial CABG is a surgical option to improve long-term results in the treatment of @entity453 ( @entity453 ). Harvesting of multiple arterial grafts is commonly associated with prolonged operating times and increased @entity130 . By use of new operative techniques (skeletonized grafts and the T-graft approach), CABG in multivessel @entity453 is now possible with only 2 grafts. We present our experience in the use of these techniques on a routine basis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Between March 1996 and September 1999, 490 @entity1 (aged 61+/-9 years, 20% female) underwent complete arterial CABG. Left ventricular ejection fraction ranged from 15% to 85% (mean 59+/-15%). @entity66 was present in 88% of the @entity1 . The incidence of @entity6 was 32% (14% insulin dependent). Either both internal thoracic arteries (ITAs) (23%) or the left ITA and radial artery (77%) were used as conduits. In 85% of the @entity1 , a T graft was created. Mean operating time was 198+/-46 minutes; bypass time, 82+/-25 minutes; and ischemic time, 58+/-22 minutes. Two to 7 (mean 4.1+/-0.9) anastomoses were performed per @entity1 . Perioperative intra-aortic balloon pump was necessary in 12 @entity1 (2.4%). The rate of perioperative @entity583 was 1.2%. Sternal complications occurred in 1. 0%, and in-hospital mortality was 2.2%. Postoperative coronary angiography in 172 @entity1 (35%) documented excellent patency rates (left ITA 98.3%, right ITA 96.5%, and radial artery 96.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Complete arterial revascularization in multivessel @entity453 is possible with the use of only 2 grafts with good perioperative results. This approach allows for complete arterial CABG on a routine basis.

title: Complete arterial revascularization in multivessel XXXX with 2 conduits (skeletonized grafts and T grafts).

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Triple-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: The objective of this work was to sequence the genome of @entity14320 ssp. animalis @entity14320 (T), the subspecies most closely related to @entity14320 ssp. lactis, some strains of which are widely added to dairy foods as probiotics. The complete 1,932,963-bp genome was determined by a combination of 454-shotgun sequencing and PCR gap closing, and the completed assembly was verified by comparison with a KpnI optical map. Comparative analysis of the @entity14320 ssp. animalis @entity14320 (T) and @entity14320 ssp. lactis @entity38269 (T) genomes revealed high degrees of synteny and sequence homology. Comparative genomic analysis revealed 156 and 182 genes that were unique to and absent in the @entity14320 ssp. animalis genome, respectively. Among these was a set of unique clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated genes and a novel CRISPR locus containing 30 spacers in the genome of @entity14320 ssp. animalis. Although previous researchers have suggested that one of the defining phenotypic differences between @entity14320 ssp. animalis and @entity14320 ssp. lactis is the ability of the latter to grow in milk and milk-based media, the differential gene content did not provide insights to explain these differences. Furthermore, growth and acid production in milk and milk-based media did not differ significantly between @entity14320 ssp. lactis ( @entity38269 (T) and Bl04) and @entity14320 ssp. animalis ( @entity14320 (T)). Growth of these strains in supplemented milk suggested that growth was limited by a lack of available low-molecular-weight @entity1568 in the 3 strains examined.

title: Short communication: the complete genome sequence of Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies animalis ATCC 25527(T) and comparative analysis of growth in milk with XXXX (T).

entities_list: @entity14320 :: ('28025', 'Species') :: ['ATCC 25527', 'B. animalis', 'Bifidobacterium animalis']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity38269 :: (555970,Species) :: ['B. animalis subspecies lactis DSM 10140']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: In vitro modeling of cell-matrix interactions that occur during @entity1 vocal fold scarring is uncommon, as primary @entity1 vocal fold scar fibroblast cell lines are difficult to acquire. The purpose of this study was to characterize morphologic features, growth kinetics, contractile properties, @entity1970 ( @entity1970 ) protein expression and gene expression profile of @entity1 vocal fold fibroblasts derived from scar (sVFF) relative to normal vocal fold fibroblasts (nVFF). STUDY DESIGN: In vitro. METHODS: We successfully cultured @entity1 vocal fold fibroblasts from tissue explants of scarred vocal folds from a 56-year-old female and compared these to normal fibroblasts from a 59-year-old female. Growth and proliferation were assessed by daily cell counts, and morphology was compared at 60% confluence for 5 days. Gel contraction assays were evaluated after seeding cells within a collagen matrix. @entity1970 was measured using western blotting and immunocytochemistry (ICC). Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to assess differential extracellular matrix gene expression between the two cell types. RESULTS: sVFF were morphologically indistinguishable from nVFF. sVFF maintained significantly lower proliferation rates relative to nVFF on days 3 to 6 (day 3: P = .0138; days 4, 5, and 6: P < .0001). There were no significant differences in contractile properties between the two cell types at any time point (0 hours: P = .70, 24 hours: P = .79, 48 hours: P = .58). ICC and western blot analyses revealed increased expression of @entity1970 in sVFF as compared with nVFF at passages 4 and 5, but not at passage 6 (passage 4: P = .006, passage 5: P = .0015, passage 6: P = .8860). Analysis of 84 extracellular matrix genes using qRT-PCR revealed differential expression of 15 genes (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: nVFF and sVFF displayed differences in proliferation rates, @entity1970 expression, and gene expression, whereas no differences were observed in contractile properties or morphology. Further investigation with a larger sample size is necessary to confirm these findings.

title: Characterization of XXXX vocal fold fibroblasts derived from chronic scar.

entities_list: @entity1970 :: ('58', 'Gene') :: ['a-SMA', 'a-smooth muscle actin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']