abstract: AIM: The feasibility and safety of a presurgical treatment approach with @entity2240 for @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) with level III/IV @entity5 thrombus in the inferior vena cava (IVC) were to be evaluated and its potential ability to reduce the surgical morbidity explored. @entity1 AND METHODS: In our institution, we treated five consecutive @entity1 with suspected @entity1358 and a @entity5 thrombus with preoperative @entity2240 (50 mg, 4 weeks on, 2 weeks off). Side dose effects were assessed and the effect on the @entity5 size and the dependent surgical approach documented with a computed tomographic scan before and after the treatment. The data were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The overall tolerability to presurgical @entity2240 was good. All procedures were carried out without perioperative complications. In four @entity1 , a reduction in @entity5 size was observed, which resulted in avoidance of a bicavital surgical approach with cardiopulmonary bypass in one @entity1 . This @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity703 ; the other four @entity1 had @entity1358 . CONCLUSION: Presurgical treatment with @entity2240 is able to ease surgery for @entity1358 thrombi regardless of the histological subtype in selected @entity1 . In our series, surgery was possible without additional morbidity. Two courses of a presurgical therapy with @entity2240 seems to be an appropriate duration. In accordance with previously published data, presurgical @entity2240 treatment may become more widely used in @entity1358 with @entity5 thrombi but administered with restraint in cases of level I/II thrombi. The effects on the risk of recurrence and survival remain to be evaluated prospectively.

title: Presurgical treatment with XXXX for @entity1358 with a level III/IV vena cava @entity5 thrombus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['level III/IV IVC tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['RCC tumour', 'clear cell carcinomas', 'renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['papillary renal cancer']

answer: @entity2240 :: (MESH:C473478,Chemical) :: ['sunitinib']


abstract: Antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (AMOs) can reprogram pre-mRNA splicing by complementary binding to a target site and regulating splice site selection, thereby offering a potential therapeutic tool for @entity74 . However, the application of this technology into a clinical scenario has been limited by the low correction efficiency in vivo and inability of AMOs to efficiently cross the blood brain barrier and target brain cells when applied to @entity74 such as @entity2055 ( @entity2055 ). We previously used AMOs to correct subtypes of @entity2155 splicing mutations in @entity2055 cells; AMOs restored up to 20% of the @entity2155 protein and corrected the @entity2055 cellular phenotype. In this study, we demonstrate that an @entity369 -rich cell-penetrating peptide, (RXRRBR)(2)XB, dramatically improved @entity2155 splicing correction efficiency when conjugated with AMOs, and almost fully corrected aberrant splicing. The restored @entity2155 protein was close to normal levels in cells with homozygous splicing mutations, and a gene dose effect was observed in cells with heterozygous mutations. A significant amount of the @entity2155 protein was still detected 21 days after a single 5   m treatment. Systemic administration of an @entity2822 -labeled (RXRRBR)(2)XB-AMO in @entity19 showed efficient uptake in the brain. Fluorescence was evident in Purkinje cells after a single intravenous injection of 60 mg/kg. Furthermore, multiple injections significantly increased uptake in all areas of the brain, notably in cerebellum and Purkinje cells, and showed no apparent signs of @entity137 . Taken together, these results highlight the therapeutic potential of (RXRRBR)(2)XB-AMOs in @entity2055 and other @entity74 .

title: @entity369 -rich cell-penetrating peptide dramatically enhances AMO-mediated XXXX aberrant splicing correction and enables delivery to brain and cerebellum.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenetic disorders', 'genetic disorders']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['A-T', 'ataxia-telangiecatasia']

answer: @entity2155 :: (11920(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['ATM']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop a performance indicator for @entity583 which would reliably measure success of treatment and which might provide an alternative to case fatality as an audited outcome. DESIGN: A two year audit of all cases of @entity583 and resuscitated cases of out of hospital @entity1167 from @entity301 in @entity1 under 75 years of age. Behaviour of @entity1 in calling for help, performance of the ambulance services in treating out of hospital arrest, and of the hospitals in providing resuscitation and thrombolytic treatment are audited separately. SETTING: Four district general hospitals. AUDITED INTERVENTIONS: Resuscitation from @entity1167 and thrombolytic treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hospital case fatality and lives saved/1000 @entity1 treated. RESULTS: Overall, the lives of 83/1000 @entity1 were saved (95% confidence interval 70 to 96). Of these, 29 (35%) were saved by out of hospital resuscitation and 38 (46%) by in hospital resuscitation from @entity1167 . It was estimated that 16 lives (19%) were saved by thrombolytic treatment. There were no significant differences in case fatality among the hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Lives saved/1000 @entity1 treated is an easily measurable index and assesses performance of the ambulance service as well as of the hospital. Because it is relatively insensitive to diagnostic definitions, it may provide a robust alternative to case fatality as a performance indicator.

title: A new performance indicator for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In March 2013, diagnosis of the first reported case of @entity1 @entity281 with a novel avian-origin @entity778 occurred in eastern China. Most @entity1 cases have resulted in severe @entity1576 and, in some instances, death. Currently there are no licensed vaccines against @entity778 , which continues to cause sporadic @entity1 infections. Recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) have been previously shown to be safe and effective vaccines for @entity683 . In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a H7N9 VLP vaccine in the ferret challenge model. Purified recombinant H7N9 VLPs morphologically resembled @entity683 virions and elicited high-titer serum hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and neutralizing antibodies specific for A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9) virus. H7N9 VLP-immunized ferrets subsequently challenged with homologous virus displayed @entity221 , @entity353 , and virus shedding compared to these parameters in unimmunized control ferrets. H7N9 VLP was also effective in protecting against lung and @entity281 . The addition of either ISCOMATRIX or Matrix-M1 adjuvant improved immunogenicity and protection of the VLP vaccine against @entity778 . These results provide support for the development of a safe and effective @entity1 VLP vaccine with potent adjuvants against @entity778 with pandemic potential.

title: Recombinant virus-like particles elicit protective immunity against XXXX in ferrets.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A(H7N9) virus', 'H7N9 virus', 'avian influenza H7N9 virus']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'tracheal infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory illness']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['reductions in fever']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['avian influenza A(H7N9) virus infection']


abstract: This study aims to investigate the expression of metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in chronic @entity632 @entity296 in a @entity95 model and to evaluate the effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation in this disease. Thirty-nine 3-month-old @entity95 were divided into 4 groups: group 1 (n = 9) was the untreated control. Groups 2-4 were treated with 6 weeks of @entity632 (3 mg/kg). Group 2 (n = 6) received no further treatment. In group 3 (n = 9), animals were treated with culture medium (CM) alone. In group 4 (n = 15), autologous MSCs (1.5-2.0 x 10(6)/ml) were injected in the left ventricular (LV) wall. Hearts were stained with HE and picrosirius red. @entity721 and @entity61552 were detected immunohistochemically. The mRNA levels were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results confirmed that @entity632 treatment resulted in minimal @entity296 and showed that expression of MMPs increased and @entity41487 decreased. The injection procedure resulted in @entity296 in groups 3 and 4. After MSC injection, @entity721 , @entity2501 , and @entity41487 expression was higher than that in group 2. CM injection led to more @entity82 , elevated @entity41487 , but diminished @entity721 and @entity2501 expression compared with MSC injection. The mRNA levels of MMPs and TIMPs were not significantly different among all groups. In conclusion, chronic @entity632 @entity296 was characterized by increased MMP and decreased @entity41487 expression. MSCs injection into the LV resulted in marked differences of collagen content and MMP/TIMP expression in the whole heart, although significant numbers of living MSCs were not detected after 4 weeks.

title: Effects of autologous stem cells on immunohistochemical patterns and gene expression of metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in @entity632 XXXX in a @entity95 model.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'increased myocardial fibrosis', 'myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'New Zealand rabbits']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: In a @entity19 model system, @entity4181 demonstrated host-protective properties during administration of repetitive and lethal doses of @entity1891 (VCR). Subsequently, @entity4181 was evaluated in @entity1 receiving VCR during an adjuvant chemotherapy program for stage II @entity0 . The @entity137 , cumulative VCR dosage, and percentage of ideal dosage observed in 18 @entity1 receiving @entity4181 have been compared with those observed in 70 @entity1 who previously received VCR without @entity4181 in the same chemotherapy program. All @entity1 ideally were intended to receive VCR 1.0 mg/m2 weekly for 6 weeks, with dose modification for @entity2359 . Treatment @entity1 received @entity4181 800 mg PO daily in three divided doses during the 6-week course. The degree of @entity2359 manifestations of VCR was similar in the treatment and comparison @entity1 . Absent to mild @entity2359 was observed in approximately 70% of @entity1 in both groups; moderate or greater @entity2359 occurred in about 30% of @entity1 in both groups. Full dosage (6.0 mg/m2) was attained in 7 (39%) treatment @entity1 and 17 (24%) comparison @entity1 (P = 0.21). The mean percentage of the ideal dosage of VCR was 73.7 +/- 28.7 in @entity1 receiving @entity4181 and 76.1 +/- 20.5 in those given only VCR (P = 0.69). @entity1503 were similar in both groups, but @entity390 occurred more frequently in the @entity4181 group. @entity4181 in this dose and schedule afforded no protection from the @entity2359 side effects of VCR.

title: Clinical trial of @entity4181 to reduce XXXX @entity2359 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['Folinic acid', 'folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematologic toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity', 'neurotoxic']

answer: @entity1891 :: (MESH:D014750,Chemical) :: ['vincristine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure was evaluated as a predictor of @entity1468 in @entity1 with @entity1723 with respect to urinary albumin excretion rate and glycemic regulation. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-one @entity1 with @entity1723 were consecutively recruited from the outpatient maternity ward for 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure measurement with a portable monitor (SpaceLab 90207). Blood pressure was measured three times during pregnancy and once after delivery. Evaluation was performed with receiver-operator-characteristics curves in primiparous @entity1 . Stratified analysis and multiple regression was applied with respect to urinary albumin excretion rate, HbA1c, age, duration of @entity6 , @entity414 , and BMI. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity1468 was significantly associated with increasing urinary albumin excretion rate, primiparity, and ambulatory blood pressure. Ambulatory blood pressure was associated with HbA1c throughout pregnancy adjusted for urinary albumin excretion rate. The ambulatory blood pressure was higher from first trimester throughout pregnancy in @entity1 developing @entity1468 compared to @entity1 who did not have @entity1468 . The best sensitivity and specificity for predicting @entity1468 in primiparous @entity1 were at cut-off values of systolic and diastolic day ambulatory blood pressure above 122 and 74 mmHg, respectively. The relative risk of @entity1468 was significantly higher when ambulatory blood pressure was above the cut-off values and increased further with higher urinary albumin excretion rate. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between ambulatory blood pressure and @entity1468 is not confined to @entity1 with macroalbuminuria but is also present in @entity1 with normo- and microalbuminuria. Poor glycemic control and increased urinary albumin excretion rate is associated with @entity1468 when ambulatory blood pressure is above cut-off values of 122/74 mmHg (systole/diastole). Ambulatory blood pressure is a reliable measurement for prediction of @entity1468 in primiparous @entity1 with @entity1723 .

title: Ambulatory blood pressure as predictor of XXXX in @entity6 with respect to urinary albumin excretion rate and glycemic regulation.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: @entity16899 knockout ( @entity11404 KO) @entity19 exhibit @entity453 . We observed @entity4530 in the @entity11404 KO hearts that suggest defects in @entity361 (EMT), a process that generates coronary vascular progenitors. Analysis using a three-dimensional collagen gel invasion assay showed that @entity11404 KO epicardial cells are less invasive and that, unlike wild-type epicardial cells, they fail to organize into thin vessel-like projections. Examination of @entity11404 KO hearts using @entity11490 as an epicardial marker revealed a disorganized pattern of epicardial cell infiltration. Time-lapse imaging and motion analysis using epicardial explants showed a defect in directional cell migration. This was associated with changes in the actin/tubulin cytoskeleton. A defect in cell polarity was indicated by a failure of the microtubule-organizing center to align with the direction of cell migration. Forced expression of @entity11404 constructs in epicardial explants showed the @entity11404 tubulin-binding domain is required for @entity11404 modulation of cell polarity and cell motility. Pecam staining revealed @entity154 in remodeling of the primitive coronary vascular plexuses in the @entity11404 KO heart. Together, these findings suggest an early defect in coronary vascular development arising from a global perturbation of the cytoarchitecture of the cell. Consistent with this, we found aberrant myocardialization of the outflow tract, a process also known to be EMT dependent. Together, these findings suggest @entity299 in the @entity11404 KO @entity19 arise from the disruption of cell polarity, a process that may be dependent on @entity11404 -tubulin interactions.

title: XXXX regulates epicardial cell polarity and migration in coronary vascular development.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['early defects']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['epicardial blisters']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defects']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['epicardial epithelial-mesenchymal transformation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['conotruncal malformations and coronary artery defects']

answer: @entity16899 :: (14609(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Connexin 43']


abstract: @entity49 is a clinical condition of difficult diagnosis, and poor prognosis when treatment is not started early. There is a long list of causes, and hereby we describe a case associated to prothrombin G20210 mutation. A 53-year-old @entity1 , white, was admitted with @entity159 . After @entity410 control, he developed @entity428 , with @entity10 and @entity391 , and bilateral @entity1829 . His past medical and familial history were unremarkable. He was a nonsmoker, no drug and @entity167 user. CT scan and MRI showed right temporal and parietal infarct with @entity548 transformation. Spinal tap with opening pressure of 500 mm @entity2507 showed normal CSF examination. MRI angiography disclosed superior @entity50 , right transverse and sigmoid @entity50 complete @entity715 . He was started with heparin and oral @entity1229 . In spite of anticoagulation, two months later he developed deep right inferior limb @entity715 . All the initial tests were normal, and test for prothrombin G20210 mutation was positive. He needed a much higher than conventional daily dose of @entity1229 to keep him asymptomatic.

title: [Cerebral and systemic XXXX associated to prothrombin G20210 mutation: case report].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['venous thrombosis']


abstract: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) occurs more frequently in HLA- @entity4107 + individuals than in those who do not express this MHC class II molecule. Although the role of this genetic factor in the immunopathology of this @entity792 is unclear, the association of @entity309 with HLA- @entity4107 may indicate that @entity4107 molecules present autoantigen(s) to T cells. Here we report the analysis of naturally processed peptides, eluted from a mixture of HLA-DR4Dw4 (DRB1*0401) and DR53 (DRB4*0101) molecules isolated from an @entity309 @entity1 -derived EBV-transformed B cell line. Several (size variants of) self-peptides originating from the autologous molecules HLA-A2, HLA-Cw9, HLA-B62, HLA-DR4Dw4 and HLA-DR53, were identified. We also found a sequence that has no homology to any protein in the SwissProt protein sequence databank, and a peptide identical to an internal fragment of the autoantigen @entity4015 . The association of the identified peptides with cells expressing HLA-DR4Dw4/DR53 was confirmed by peptide binding analysis. In agreement with previously described peptide binding motifs for DR4Dw4, most peptides contained an aromatic residue ( @entity815 , Tyr, Trp) at relative position i and a small @entity3787 -containing residue (Ser, Thr) at i + 5. Our findings indicate that in @entity309 @entity1 -derived EBV-transformed B cells DR4Dw4/DR53 molecules present a peptide from the autoantigen @entity4015 . Interestingly, autoantibodies against @entity4015 have been found in various @entity627 , including @entity309 . Thus, the analysis of HLA class II-bound peptides can lead to the identification of putative T helper epitopes, which might be involved in the immunopathology of @entity792 .

title: DR4Dw4/DR53 molecules contain a peptide from the autoantigen XXXX .

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'Rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity4015 :: (811,Gene) :: ['calreticulin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic values of CT and MRI in estimating the thickness of @entity957 , and evaluate the relationship between the @entity5772 on MRI and lymph node @entity3 rate. METHODS: 23 @entity1 with @entity957 . All the 23 @entity1 were examined with CT and MRI. The @entity5772 was measured after surgery. RESULTS: (1)There was a significant difference between the @entity5772 and the thickness shown on CT (P<0.05), and no significant difference between the @entity5772 and the thickness shown on MRI (P>0.05). (2)Lymph node @entity3 rate was 84.6% when the @entity5772 on MRI was greater than or equal to 2cm, and 10.0% when the @entity5772 on MRI was less than 2cm. There was a significant difference between the two groups of @entity1 . (3)MRI can show the area of the @entity5772 clearly without enhancement. It has better resolution than CT. CONCLUSION: (1)MRI is better than CT in estimating the @entity5772 . (2) @entity5772 on MRI could be employed to estimate the possibility of lymph node @entity3 .(3)MRI should be the first choice in the diagnosis of @entity5772 .

title: [The diagnostic value of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in XXXX : a comparative study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of tongue', 'lingual squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity5772 :: ('MESH:D014062', 'Disease') :: ['actual thickness of tongue carcinoma', 'thickness of tongue carcinoma', 'tongue carcinoma', 'Thickness of tongue carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of tongue']


abstract: The majority of fibroblasts in alveolar septa are characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic bundles of microfilaments that contain cytoplasmic actin isoforms; these cells have been named contractile interstitial cells or V-type myofibroblasts. In the @entity35 , they express @entity10944 as intermediate filament protein. In this study, we explored the possibility that modulation and replication of such septal fibroblasts result in the appearance of alpha-smooth muscle (alpha-SM) actin-positive myofibroblasts, typical of @entity82 . @entity3794 was produced by a unique intratracheal instillation of @entity1732 to 28 @entity35 . Eight additional @entity35 used as controls received the equivalent volume of saline. @entity982 and frozen sections of lungs were examined at days 1, 3, 5 and 7 after treatment. Microfilaments and intermediate filaments were stained using antibodies against total actin, alpha-SM actin, @entity10944 , @entity7229 , keratin, and SM myosin. Electron microscopic labeling of @entity10944 and alpha-SM actin using immunogold technique was done on Lowicryl K4M resin-embedded specimens. alpha-SM actin appeared in @entity10944 -positive alveolar fibroblasts as early as 24 hours after intratracheal @entity1732 instillation; the modulation of alpha-SM actin in these cells was preceded by a lymphomonocytic infiltration of alveolar septa. Twenty-four hours to 3 days after @entity1732 administration, a proliferation of @entity133 occurred. @entity82 with laying down of collagen fibers took place after the above mentioned cellular modifications. Our results support the view that septal fibroblastic cells can modulate into typical alpha-SM actin-containing myofibroblasts during experimental @entity1732 -induced @entity3794 . In such a modulation a possible role of cytokines, particularly of transforming growth factor-beta, is considered.

title: @entity35 XXXX acquire alpha-smooth muscle actin expression during @entity1732 -induced @entity3794 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['lung fibrosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis', 'Experimental pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar myofibroblasts']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity133 :: (MESH:D002282,Disease) :: ['alveolar myofibroblasts']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate predictors of informal care burden 1 year after a severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ). @entity1 : @entity1 (N = 66) aged 15 years or older with severe @entity131 (Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 or less) and their primary informal caregivers. SETTING: Multicenter inception cohort study over 22 months in Paris and the surrounding area (PariS- @entity131 study). MAIN MEASURES: @entity1 ' preinjury characteristics; injury severity data; outcome measures at discharge from intensive care and 1 year after the injury; Dysexecutive Questionnaire; Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36; Zarit Burden Inventory. RESULTS: Among the 257 survivors at discharge from acute care, 66 @entity1 -caregiver couples were included. Primary informal caregivers were predominantly @entity1 (73%), of middle age (age, 50 years), supporting male @entity1 (79%), of mean age of 38 years. The majority (56%) of caregivers experienced significant burden, and 44% were at risk of @entity308 . Caregivers' @entity73 status and perceived burden significantly correlated with @entity1 ' global disability (as assessed with the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended) and impairments of executive functions (as assessed with the Dysexecutive Questionnaire). A focused principal component analysis suggested that disability and executive dysfunctions were independent predictors of perceived burden, whereas demographics, injury severity, and Glasgow Outcome Scale at discharge from acute care did not significantly correlate with caregiver's burden. CONCLUSION: Global handicap and impairments of executive functions are independent significant predictors of caregiver burden 1 year after @entity131 .

title: Predictors of informal care burden 1 year after a severe XXXX : results from the PariS- @entity131 study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired health']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to assess whether EPC (endothelial progenitor cell) number/function might be an explanatory factor for the observed relationship between @entity1314 (a joint tendency towards negative affectivity and social inhibition) and poor cardiovascular prognosis. We also assessed whether the effect of a single exercise bout on EPC number/function was affected by @entity1314 . A total of 35 sedentary @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ; left ventricular ejection fraction <or=45%) underwent CPET (cardiopulmonary exercise testing) and personality assessment with the 14-item @entity19392 scale. @entity2280 +/ @entity319 (kinase insert domain-containing receptor)+ cells were quantified by flow cytometry before and immediately after CPET. Migration of early EPC towards @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and SDF-1alpha (stromal-cell-derived factor-1alpha) was investigated. @entity19392 (n=10) and non- @entity19392 (n=25) @entity1 were comparable with regards to demographics, disease severity and Framingham risk factor score. Circulating EPC numbers were reduced by 54% in @entity19392 compared with non- @entity19392 @entity1 (0.084+/-0.055 and 0.183+/-0.029% of lymphocytes respectively; P=0.006). Exercise led to a 60% increase in EPC in @entity19392 @entity1 , whereas the EPC number remained unchanged in the non- @entity19392 group (P=0.049). Baseline migratory capacity was related to disease severity, but was not different between @entity19392 and non- @entity19392 @entity1 . Exercise induced a highly significant enhancement of migratory capacity in both groups. In conclusion, reduced EPC numbers might explain the impaired cardiovascular outcome in @entity19392 @entity1 . The larger increase in circulating EPCs observed in these @entity1 suggests that acute exercise elicits a more pronounced stimulus for endothelial repair.

title: Circulating @entity2280 +/ @entity319 + endothelial progenitor cells are reduced in XXXX @entity1 as a function of @entity1314 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['Type D personality']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: The metabotropic @entity2227 receptors (mGluRs) that are expressed and not expressed on astrocytes in the brain have not been defined. While immunohistochemistry and in situ mRNA hybridization have been used on a limited basis to address this question, they do not readily enable the proportion of astrocytes expressing a particular mRNA or protein to be determined. Also, for many receptors, expression by cultured astrocytes does not reflect in situ expression. In this study, therefore, we examined expression of mRNA for all the mGluRs except @entity10880 by single-cell reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in freshly isolated hippocampal astrocytes from postnatal day P1-10 @entity35 , as an additional approach to address the question of which mGluRs are expressed on astrocytes in situ. The astrocytic nature of the cells was supported by simultaneously measuring mRNA for the astrocytic marker @entity40 ( @entity40 ) from the same cells. In these studies, the percentage of cells showing @entity40 mRNA expression was the same as the percentage of cells showing immunocytochemical staining for @entity40 . We found that only @entity9445 and @entity10092 mRNAs were significantly present in @entity40 mRNA(+) cells. The @entity10092 PCR products were primarily of the "a" splice variant. @entity9446 , 2, 4, 7, and 8 were very rarely or never detected. @entity10880 mRNA level was too low in whole @entity35 brain and hippocampus to warrant examination. These results show that interpretation of effects involving @entity9445 or 5 activation in the hippocampus of young @entity35 needs to also consider effects due to astrocytes.

title: @entity9445 and @entity10092 are the predominant metabotropic XXXX receptor mRNAs expressed in hippocampal astrocytes acutely isolated from young @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity40 :: ('24387(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A significant proportion of elderly @entity0 @entity1 in the UK have no surgical treatment recorded and appear to be treated with primary endocrine therapy (PET) only. Despite this, PET remains one of the poorly studied areas in @entity0 therapy and very little is known about the practice of PET in the UK. METHODS: A questionnaire comprising 14 questions relevant to PET was sent to 489 breast surgeons who were members of the UK Association of Breast Surgery and returned questionnaires were analysed. RESULTS: Overall, 228 questionnaires (47%) were returned. The vast majority (93%) of surgeons who responded use PET in early operable @entity0 in elderly @entity1 unfit for surgery or owing to @entity1 preference but 7% would recommend PET to fit elderly @entity1 . Most (76%) use @entity4672 . The percentage of elderly @entity1 treated with PET varied from <10% to 70% between surgeons. The majority (77%) of respondents had not formally audited the outcome of their PET @entity1 and over 70% underestimated the expected survival of an 80-year-old @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Most UK breast surgeons use PET in elderly @entity1 with surgically resectable @entity0 . While most use it in unfit, frail @entity1 , a minority would treat even fit elderly @entity1 with PET. Most surgeons have not formally audited the outcome of their @entity1 treated with PET and underestimate the expected survival of elderly @entity1 , which might have an impact on their decision to offer PET rather than surgery.

title: A UK national survey of breast surgeons on primary endocrine therapy of early operable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4672 :: ('MESH:C067431', 'Chemical') :: ['letrozole']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine value of CT scan in diagnosis of acute @entity788 , its complications and to correlate with severity among different age groups. METHODS: The study was carried out from August 2001 to August 2002 at the Radiology Department, Aga Khan University Hospital. A total of 40 @entity1 (33 male and 7 female) with age range from 16-71 years were divided in three groups. Group I was less than 40 years (12 @entity1 ), Group II was between 40-60 years (17 @entity1 ), and Group III was more than 60 years (11 @entity1 ). CT scans were assessed for pancreatic @entity39 and its complications. CT Severity Index (CTSI) was calculated according to Balthazar's method. RESULTS: In 17 @entity1 with mild @entity788 , 5 had @entity39 involving one-third of pancreas. In 13 @entity1 with severe @entity788 , 8 had @entity39 involving more than half of the pancreas and 5 had @entity39 involving half of the pancreas. No significant correlation was demonstrated between moderate @entity788 and degree of @entity39 . Thirty @entity1 had complications, 8 had mild CTSI, 9 had moderate CTSI and 13 @entity1 had severe CTSI. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated a relationship between CTSI and severity of @entity660 and incidence of complications.

title: Role of computed tomography in acute XXXX and its complications among age groups.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic damage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: The brain and spinal cord from 14 @entity1 with @entity149 ( @entity149 ) were systematically examined to determine the distribution and frequency of @entity602 . @entity602 was observed in four cases (cases 1-4). In cases 1 and 2, @entity5 cells were spread widely in the brain and extended downward to C4 and Th8 in the spinal parenchyma and to C2 and Th2 in the subarachnoid space (SAS), respectively. In case 3, @entity5 were found in the cerebrum but not in the cerebellum or brainstem. In the spinal cord there was massive subarachnoid involvement from C2 to L4 and localized parenchymal invasion from Th8 to L4. In case 4, @entity5 were found in the parenchyma from brainstem to Th2 and in the SAS all around the cord. Diffuse subarachnoid proliferation with parenchymal invasion via the Virchow-Robin space was found in the spinal cord. The route of @entity5 spread in cases 1 and 2 was considered to be intra-parenchymal invasion from the medulla oblongata to the spinal cord because the @entity602 had continuity with the @entity75 . In contrast, the @entity602 in cases 3 and 4 were considered to be spread via the CSF because the lesions had no continuity with the @entity75 in case 3, and spinal SAS involvement was more extensive than the parenchymal lesions in both cases. These findings suggest that spinal cord involvement is not a rare event in @entity149 and that there are two routes of spread: direct invasion from the medulla oblongata and dissemination via the CSF.

title: XXXX of @entity149 : histopathological examination of 14 autopsy cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord involvement', 'cord lesions', 'spinal cord lesions']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['PCNSL', 'primary central nervous system lymphomas']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['Spinal cord involvement']


abstract: The interactions of the @entity526 primary replicative helicase DnaB protein, with synthetic DNA replication fork substrates, having either a single arm or both arms, have been studied using the thermodynamically rigorous fluorescence titration techniques. This approach allows us to obtain absolute stoichiometries of the formed complexes and interaction parameters without any assumptions about the relationship between the observed signal (fluorescence) and the degree of binding. Subsequently, the formation of the complexes, with different replication fork substrates, has also been characterized using the sedimentation velocity technique. To our knowledge, this is the first quantitative characterization of interactions of a hexameric helicase with replication fork substrates. In the presence of the @entity855 nonhydrolyzable analog, @entity860 -PNP, the @entity526 DnaB helicase preferentially binds to the 5' arm of the single-arm fork substrate with an intrinsic affinity 6-fold higher than its affinity for the 3' arm. @entity855 hydrolysis is not necessary for formation of the helicase-fork complex. The asymmetric interactions are consistent with the 5' --> 3' directionality of the helicase activity of the DnaB protein and most probably reflects a preferential 5' --> 3' polarity in the helicase binding to ssDNA, with respect to the ssDNA backbone. The double-stranded part of the fork contributes little to the free energy of binding. The data indicate a rather passive role of the duplex part of the fork in the binding of the helicase. This role seems to be limited to impose steric hindrance in the formation of nonproductive complexes of the enzyme with the fork. Quantitative analysis of binding of the helicase to the two-arm fork substrate shows that two DnaB hexamers can bind to the fork, with each single hexamer associated with a single arm of the fork. In this complex, the intrinsic affinity of the DnaB hexamer for the 5' arm in a two-arm fork is not affected by the presence of the 3' arm. Moreover, the results show that the 3' arm is in a conformation which makes it easily available for the binding of the next DnaB hexamer. Because of the large size of the DnaB hexamer, the data indicate that the 3' arm is separated from the 5' arm. The separation of both arms must be to such an extent that the 3' arm can bind an additional large DnaB hexamer. These results reveal that the 3' arm is not engaged in thermodynamically stable interactions with the helicase hexamer, when it is bound in its stationary complex to the 5' arm of the fork. The significance of the these results for a mechanistic model of the hexameric DnaB helicase action is discussed.

title: Strand specificity in the interactions of XXXX primary replicative helicase DnaB protein with a replication fork.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate @entity1 with @entity1459 ( @entity1459 ) and the predictive factors of these @entity943 and to determine whether this complication behaves as an independent variable with regard to mortality, increased length of stay in an ICU/CCU, and the performance of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). MATERIAL/METHODS: The retrospective cohort study included all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1459 and included in the Spanish "ARIAM" database between June 1996 and December 2005. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the factors associated with these @entity943 . 17,616 @entity1 were included. RESULTS: @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) occurred in 0.5%. The factors associated with its development were age, @entity1455 , and non-sustained @entity1165 . @entity1165 was associated with mortality (adjusted OR: 9.836, 95%CI: 1.81-53.33). @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) occurred in 1%. In the multivariate study the variables that persistently associated independently with the development of @entity2224 were gender, Killip class, and high degree @entity713 (HDAVB). @entity2224 was associated with higher mortality (27.1% vs. 0.9%). Nevertheless, @entity2224 was not seen to be a variable independently associated with mortality in @entity1459 @entity1 . Only @entity2224 was an independent variable in length of stay (adjusted OR: 2.059, 95%CI: 1.175-3.609). Neither @entity1165 nor @entity2224 were independent variables associated with PCI. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity1459 complicated by @entity1165 or @entity2224 represent a special high-risk subgroup with poor prognosis, which could lead to their being stratified towards a poor prognosis subgroup.

title: Sustained @entity943 in @entity1459 XXXX : results of the ARIAM database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia', 'Sustained ventricular tachycardia', 'SVT']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['UA', 'unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'Ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: It is important to determine the magnitude and identify modifiers of the rate of response to placebo in clinical trials of fistulizing @entity30 ( @entity30 ), to understand disease progression, and to calculate sample size. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of rates of response to placebo in trials of @entity1 with fistulizing @entity30 . METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMBASE CLASSIC, and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing pharmacologic agents with placebo in adults with fistulizing @entity30 . We identified studies that reported complete @entity292 closure, partial closure, or response. Data were extracted as intention-to-treat analyses and pooled by using a random-effects model. Proportions of @entity1 who received placebo and had complete or partial @entity292 (s) closure were calculated, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The effects of trial characteristics on the magnitude of response to placebo were examined. RESULTS: Thirteen RCTs were eligible for our analysis; these included 579 @entity1 assigned to placebo groups. The pooled rate of response to placebo, among all RCTs, for complete @entity292 closure was 15.6% (95% CI, 10.9%-20.9%), with significant heterogeneity (I(2)  = 62.5%, P  = .001). The pooled rate of response to placebo for partial @entity292 closure or response in 9 trials, comprising 423 @entity1 , was 18.3% (95% CI, 14.8%-22.1%). Rates of response to placebo were significantly lower in trials with shorter durations of therapy and shorter intervals to assessment of @entity292 closure. Neither exposure to the pharmacologic agent during the induction phase of the same (or related) RCT nor concomitant medications had any effect. CONCLUSIONS: In a meta-analysis of rate of response to placebo in @entity1 with fistulizing @entity30 , we found that fistulae closed in almost 1/6 @entity1 given placebo in RCTs of pharmacologic agents. Future research should identify characteristics of @entity1 that predict response to placebo.

title: Placebo Response Rate in Clinical Trials of Fistulizing XXXX : Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's Disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated whether the initial CT distribution of metastatic disease is predictive of overall survival in @entity1 with stage IV @entity14 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 65 @entity1 (37 males, 28 females, mean age 56, range 28-88  years) with stage IV @entity14 was derived from an institutional database. Inclusion criteria required @entity984 mutation testing and pretreatment CT examinations to be available (65 abdomen/pelvis, 63 chest). Disease burden was jointly characterized by two radiologists in consensus. Median follow-up was 39  months (range 8-115  months). Survival was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed that stratified site(s) of measurable disease and counts of measurable lesions >= 1  cm in the liver, peritoneum, and retroperitoneum were statistically significant risk factors for overall mortality [univariate HR 8.2 (CI 2.7-25.4) for isolated @entity66 (CI 1.05-1.26) for peritoneal lesions, and HR 1.11 (CI 1.03-1.19) for retroperitoneal lymph nodes >= 1  cm in short axis]. The stratified site(s) of disease and counts of measurable @entity409 remained significant in the multivariate model (p  <  0.0001 for isolated @entity6378 and count of @entity409 ). Thoracic metastases were not statistically significant predictors of overall mortality in this cohort. CONCLUSION: This study identified site(s) of measurable @entity3 and counts of measurable @entity409 as independent predictors of overall survival. These findings may have value for future prognostic assessments once validated in a larger, independent, and potentially prospective cohort.

title: CT predictors of overall survival at initial diagnosis in XXXX with stage IV @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal disease, HR 1.11 per 5 lesions (CI 1.05-1.17) for liver lesions, HR 1.15 per lesion']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity6378 :: ('MESH:D010532', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity10263 colonisation was examined in 112 Swedish @entity1 . Faecal samples obtained at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks and at 6, 12 and 18 months of age were cultivated quantitatively on Rogosa agar. Lactobacilli were speciated by PCR and typed to the strain level by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Lactobacilli reached a peak at 6 months when 45% of the @entity1 were colonised. @entity10263 and @entity24046 were the most common species in this period. Colonisation by lactobacilli in general (P < 0.01) and @entity10263 in particular (P < 0.05) was more common in breast-fed than in weaned @entity1 at 6 months of age. @entity10263 isolation reached a nadir of 17% by 12 months (P < 0.0001), but increased to 31% by 18 months of age P < 0.05). The food-related species @entity6983 , @entity1336 , @entity9206 and @entity6043 dominated in this second phase. A single strain persisted for at least 3 weeks in 17% of the @entity1 during the first 6 months, most commonly @entity10263 . @entity10263 population counts in colonised @entity1 increased from 10(6.4) cfu/ @entity25177 week to 10(8.8) cfu/g at 6 months, and then dropped to 10(5.4) cfu/g faeces at 12 months of age. @entity10263 colonisation was not significantly related to delivery mode, or to presence of siblings or pets in the household. Our results suggest that certain @entity10263 species, especially @entity10263 , thrive in the intestinal flora of breast-fed @entity1 . After weaning they are replaced by other @entity10263 species of types found in food.

title: Lactobacilli in the intestinal microbiota of Swedish XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10263 :: ('47715', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus', 'L. rhamnosus']

entities_list: @entity9206 :: ('1579', 'Species') :: ['L. acidophilus']

entities_list: @entity6043 :: ('1584', 'Species') :: ['L. delbrueckii']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: A literature review of tile treatment of cartilage defects was conducted, examining the current literature on the well-known treatments. In particular, advantages and drawbacks of each of the discussed treatments were evaluated considering outcomes available in literature. The literature search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus using appropriate keywords in relation to cartilage defects. Main research articles were selected for review. @entity16 affects thousands of @entity1 each year; they are treated with implants and surgery. A major problem in the treatment of cartilage defects is the inability of cartilage to repair, which reduces the effectiveness of the treatment. In addition, cyclic loading of joints further degrades cartilage even after treatment. In relation to the conditions of cartilage lesions and the features of @entity1 , a specific treatment is required in each case. Current treatments are often unpredictable in results but result in long term improvements for many @entity1 , especially young @entity1 . The well established treatments such as osteochondral implants, bone marrow stimulation techniques, chondrogenic cell implantations have advantages and drawbacks, so that the search has not been interrupted for new strategies, such as scaffold materials. In this review we describe benefits and disadvantages of the established methods of cartilage regeneration that seem to have a better long-term effectiveness.

title: Current concepts in the treatment of XXXX . A review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Cartilage damage']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['cartilage damage']


abstract: Excess dietary salt intake differentially modulates the activity of cytochrome (CYP) P450 enzymes in kidney cortex. Exactly how increased angiotensin (Ang) II levels and @entity101 change the regulatory effect of high salt on CYP450 enzymes remains unclear. The present study investigated the effects of combined administration of Ang II and a high-salt diet on P450 epoxygenase and hydroxylase protein levels in kidney, as well as afferent arteriolar responses to @entity934 and @entity1854 . High dietary salt administration for 14 days resulted in increased renal cortical @entity11042 protein levels, and a significant increase of @entity11042 and @entity62667 protein levels in renal microvessels. Administration of Ang II in combination with a high-salt diet prevented the upregulation of renal cortical @entity11042 protein expression observed with high dietary salt alone, and significantly downregulated expression of @entity11042 , @entity62667 , and CYP2J protein in renal microvessels. A high-salt diet alone decreased CYP4A protein in kidney cortex, and renal cortical CYP4A protein level remained at a low level in Ang II-infused @entity35 treated with a high-salt diet. Increases in blood pressure during Ang II infusion were greater in @entity35 fed a high-salt diet. In addition, afferent arteriolar responsiveness to @entity934 and @entity1854 was significantly attenuated in Ang II-treated @entity35 versus controls. This decrease was significantly enhanced in Ang II-treated @entity35 given a high-salt diet. These results support the hypothesis that an inability to upregulate CYP2C and maintain CYP2J in the @entity35 kidney and @entity73 with chronic Ang II infusion contribute to salt-induced elevation of arterial pressure.

title: Decreased renal cytochrome P450 2C enzymes and impaired vasodilation are associated with angiotensin salt-sensitive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired afferent arteriolar vasodilation']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Whole-cell voltage-clamp experiments were performed to examine the underlying currents flowing during the pacemaker potential of spontaneously-beating embryonic @entity1573 ventricles. The holding potential was -30 mV. Long-duration (3 s) hyperpolarizing pulses were applied to -40 to -120 mV, in increments of 10 mV. A marked hyperpolarization-activated inward current (If) was produced. In cells from 3-day-old hearts, the threshold potential for the inward current was -50 to -60 mV. In 17-day-old cells, there was almost no If current. At -120 mV, the inward current was -93.8 +/- 6.3 pA (n = 5) in 3-day-old cells and -15.7 +/- 2.8 pA (n = 5) in 17-day-old cells. The average capacitances were 10.1 +/- 2.0 pF (n = 17) in 3-day-old cells, and 6. @entity19 pF (n = 14) in 17-day-old cells. The reduction of If paralleled the decrease in spontaneous activity. In the presence of 3 mM @entity6928 , the inward current was blocked completely, and the tail current was reduced. In addition, 3 mM @entity6928 depressed the spontaneous action potentials and had a negative chronotropic effect. These results indicate that the hyperpolarization-activated inward If current exists in young embryonic @entity1573 heart cells, and decreases during development. This If current may contribute somewhat to the electrogenesis of the pacemaker potential.

title: Identification of the hyperpolarization-activated inward current in young embryonic XXXX heart myocytes.

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Circulating endothelial microparticles act as biological markers of endothelial function that reflect @entity1317 . Here, we examined the hypothesis that the quantity of endothelial microparticles in the circulation is increased in @entity1 with @entity63 , and investigated the potential utility of various phenotypes of endothelial microparticles as specific biomarkers of endothelial cell dysfunction. We additionally focused on identifying endothelial microparticles that may be effectively utilized as biomarkers of @entity64 severity in acute @entity385 @entity1 . METHODS: In total, 129 subjects, including 68 consecutive @entity1 with acute @entity385 and 61 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, were included in the study. Levels of circulating endothelial microparticles ( @entity3545 +/CD41a-, @entity2279 +CD41a-, @entity4105 +, @entity4404 + @entity4105 +) and platelet-derived microparticles (CD41a+/ @entity3545 -) in platelet-free plasma of @entity1 and controls were measured using flow cytometry. RESULTS: Levels of circulating endothelial @entity3545 +/CD41a-, @entity2279 +CD41a-, @entity4105 +, and @entity4404 + @entity4105 +microparticles, but not platelet microparticles, were significantly increased in acute @entity385 @entity1 , compared with control subjects (p<0.05). Notably, levels of @entity3545 +/CD41a- microparticles were significantly correlated with @entity64 severity. A mild degree of correlation was evident between @entity4404 + @entity4105 +microparticles and @entity64 subtype. No association with @entity64 was observed for other microparticle phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Circulating endothelial microparticle amounts are increased in acute @entity385 @entity1 , compared with healthy subjects. Levels of @entity3545 +/CD41a- microparticle, but not the other phenotypes examined, may be effectively utilized as a biomarker of @entity63 severity in the clinic.

title: Elevated Circulating @entity3545 + @entity3545 +Endothelial Microparticles in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cerebrovascular diseases', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease']


abstract: Eight keratoplasty and 14 trabeculectomy specimens from @entity22958 , @entity1539 , and the @entity9465 were studied by electron microscopic and morphometric methods. The corneal endothelium in these conditions undergoes the most varied and complex alterations of any of the endotheliopathies so far studied. The size, shape, and density are altered, and the apical surface shows a myriad of abnormalities including alterations of the intercellular borders and junctions, and formation of numerous microvilli, filopodia, and " @entity4530 ." Whereas many cells have features indicative of metabolic activity, and others may have undergone division, still others appear to have been injured as they are disrupted and @entity39 . There is also evidence for the presence of a low-grade, @entity32 and an associated loss of contact inhibition with formation of multiple endothelial layers. These changes do not encompass the entire endothelium, as some regions remain relatively unaffected, and each specimen presents a unique morphology. The endothelium is most affected in cases of @entity1539 . Some changes may be related to such processes as cell migration and reparative activities. However, the presence of cell @entity39 (apoptosis) and chronic @entity32 (endotheliitis) may be more specifically related to the @entity751 endotheliopathy. The slit lamp and specular microscopy findings characteristic of this disease are correlated with the described histologic abnormalities.

title: Pathogenesis of @entity22958 , @entity1539 and the XXXX . I. Alterations of the corneal endothelium.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'long-standing chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1539 :: ('MESH:D007499', 'Disease') :: ['Essential Iris Atrophy']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['ICE syndrome']

entities_list: @entity22958 :: ('MESH:D057129', 'Disease') :: ["Chandler's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity9465 :: ('MESH:D055952', 'Disease') :: ['Cogan-Reese syndrome']

answer: @entity9465 :: (MESH:D055952,Disease) :: ['Cogan-Reese syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Antiplatelet drugs, frequently used for cardiovascular events with @entity715 involvement, are also regarded as possible promising agents for cardiovascular primary prevention. Roles of @entity23492 , an @entity59416 receptor and the target of thienopyridine antiplatelet drugs, are not satisfactorily known in the vascular wall. We investigated the hypothesis that vascular smooth muscle (VSMC) @entity23492 is involved in vascular wall inflammatory changes by upregulating @entity657 ( @entity657 ) and promoting monocyte adhesion. @entity59416 at 10-5 M induced a 3.6  0.3 fold upregulation of @entity657 mRNA in cultured @entity35 VSMCs, which was significantly inhibited by R-138727, the active metabolite of @entity23492 inhibitor prasugrel and siRNAs against @entity23492 . @entity59416 also induced @entity657 protein upregulation, which was diminished by R-138727 and @entity23492 siRNAs. JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibition attenuated @entity59416 -induced @entity657 mRNA and protein upregulation. R-138727 and @entity23492 siRNAs inhibited @entity59416 -induced JNK activation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitors NAC, DPI and Tempol also diminished @entity657 upgulation and JNK activation induced by @entity59416 . @entity59416 induced @entity657 promoter activation, which was inhibited by R-138727 and @entity23492 siRNAs. @entity4026 ( @entity4026 ) consensus sites in @entity657 promoter region were involved in this activation. @entity59416 -induced @entity4026 pathway activation, examined by a plasmid containing multiple @entity4026 sites, was diminished by @entity23492 inhibition. For cellular function analysis, stimulation of VSMC with @entity59416 increased subsequent THP-1 monocyte adhesion. @entity23492 siRNAs and @entity3037 antagonism diminished this @entity59416 -induced monocyte adhesion. These data suggested that @entity59416 , via VSMC @entity23492 receptor, induces vascular inflammatory changes by upregulating @entity657 and promoting monocyte adhesion.

title: Involvement of @entity23492 Receptor in Vascular Smooth Muscle Inflammatory Changes via XXXX Upregulation and Monocyte Adhesion.

entities_list: @entity657 :: ('24770(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1', 'MCP-1']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

answer: @entity657 :: (24770(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['MCP-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanism of treating @entity6 by clearing heat, @entity10518 , activating blood, and dredging collaterals method. METHODS: Sixty @entity6 @entity1 were randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group, 30 cases in each group. On the basis of the same routine treatment, @entity1 in the treatment group were treated by Qingjie Tongluo Recipe (QTR) plus external washing of Chinese herbs plus external dressing by herbs with removing @entity39 and promoting granulation actions, while those in the control group were treated with routine aseptic external dressing. Three months was taken as one therapeutic course. The wound area and @entity540 ( @entity540 ) were detected before and after treatment. The content of @entity7 ( @entity7 ), the peripheral vascular and nerve functions were also measured. The therapeutic effects were also observed. RESULTS: After treatment, in the treatment group,15 @entity1 were cured, 12 markedly effective, 2 effective, 1 ineffective, the cure rate was 50.0% and the total effective rate was 96.7%, while in the control group, 9 cases were cured, 6 markedly effective, 8 effective, 7 ineffective, the cure rate was 30.0% and the total effective rate was 76.7%. The total effective rate was better in the treatment group than in the control group (P <0. 01). The contents of @entity540 and @entity7 were significantly higher in the two groups after treatment (P <0.01). Besides, better results were obtained in the treatment group (P < 0.01). The blood flow speed of the dorsalis pedis artery, the inner diameter of the dorsalis pedis artery, and the common peroneal nerve conduction velocity were somewhat improved (P <0.05, P <0.01). Besides, better results were obtained in the treatment group (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: QTR combined external washing plus external dressing by herbs with removing @entity39 and promoting granulation actions could promote the healing of @entity6 induced @entity1066 , improve the vascular and nerve functions. Its efficacy was superior to that of the control group.

title: [Treatment of @entity6 by clearing heat, XXXX , activating blood, and dredging collaterals method].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity10518 :: ('MESH:C565043', 'Disease') :: ['detoxification']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

answer: @entity10518 :: (MESH:C565043,Disease) :: ['detoxification']


abstract: Elevated blood pressure (BP) is rising in @entity1 . Significant proportions of @entity1 have reactive @entity101 or masked @entity101 , making @entity551 ( @entity551 ) a valuable tool, although with potential economic implications. In youth referred for elevated BP, we sought clinic BP combinations that obviated the need for @entity551 and to specify the economic role of @entity551 . In a retrospective pediatric referral cohort (N = 170), we examine clinic systolic BP (SBP) predictors of components of @entity551 @entity101 and their combination. In economic analyses, we compared effectiveness and charges of three diagnostic pathways: (1) clinic BP alone; (2) abnormal clinic BP prompting @entity551 ; or (3) universal @entity551 . @entity551 @entity101 occurred in 55 (32.4%) and reactive @entity101 in 37 (21.8%), average automated (b = 0.208; 95% confidence interval, 0.027, 0.389; P = .03) and maximum auscultatory clinic SBP (b = 0.160; 95% confidence interval 0.022, 0.299; P = .02) were associated with @entity551 SBP mean, but none predicted SBP load. No clinic SBP combination was associated with @entity551 @entity101 . Universal @entity551 accrued the lowest average charge per @entity101 youth identified ( 10,948). We did not identify a clinic SBP combination that predicted @entity551 @entity101 in youth referred for elevated BP. Universal @entity551 , in this context, may be the most economically and clinically efficient diagnostic strategy.

title: Clinical predictors and impact of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in pediatric XXXX referrals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['ambulatory BP monitoring', 'ABPM']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The effect of @entity221 on microcirculatory and metabolic parameters in s.c. DS- @entity242 of different sizes on the hind foot dorsum of SD- @entity35 was investigated. @entity221 was carried out using a novel water-filtered, infrared-A radiation technique. Heating was performed at a rate of 0.5 degrees C/min until 44 degrees C was achieved in the @entity5 centre, which was maintained for 60 min. Using a multichannel laser Doppler flowmeter, red blood cell flux could be assessed continuously and at several sites within the @entity5 tissue simultaneously. Substantial inter-site variations in laser Doppler flux (LDF) were observed during @entity221 which were independent of @entity5 size, site of measurement, and temperature at the site of measurement, indicating that single site measurements of @entity5 LDF are poor predictors of the mean response of a @entity5 to @entity221 . When mean LDF was considered, decreases in red blood cell fluxes occurred that were more pronounced the greater the @entity5 volume. In no case was vascular stasis observed. @entity221 did not affect @entity5 oxygenation substantially. Microregional and global assessment of @entity880 and @entity855 concentrations demonstrated increased @entity880 and decreased @entity855 levels following @entity221 . @entity5 @entity413 levels were increased following @entity221 , possibly due to an enlarged distribution space resulting from development of @entity4 . Changes in @entity880 and @entity855 levels and the lack of changes in @entity5 oxygenation suggest a modification of energy metabolism following @entity221 in the form of increased @entity855 hydrolysis, intensified glycolysis and impaired oxidative phosphorylation.

title: Changes in microregional perfusion, oxygenation, @entity855 and XXXX distribution in subcutaneous @entity35 tumours upon water-filtered IR-A @entity221 .

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial oedema']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'Hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactate']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence and course of immediate and delayed @entity56 to Centruroides antivenom. METHODS: We performed a 12-month prospective observation study, with telephone follow-up, evaluating the incidence of @entity2021 or anaphylactoid reactions and serum sickness after Centruroides antivenom administration. The setting for the study was a poison control center and tertiary care toxicology treatment center. @entity1 included all @entity1 who received Centruroides antivenom, and no interventions were performed. RESULTS: For immediate @entity56 reactions, 116 @entity1 with grade III or IV @entity5900 received Centruroides antivenom; 77 of these @entity1 were younger than 13 years. Three @entity1 completed the infusion despite development of @entity1910 . A fourth @entity1 with a history of atopy and @entity565 received epinephrine infusion and an inhaled beta-agonist for transient wheezing that quickly resolved; she was admitted for observation. Nine @entity1 without @entity56 reactions were admitted for social reasons, for inappropriate sedation from drugs used before antivenom, or to rule out aspiration; all were discharged within 24 hours. The remaining 106 @entity1 were discharged from the emergency department after resolution of symptoms. Thus 4 of 116 @entity1 had immediate reactions. For @entity1 with delayed reactions, 17 @entity1 were lost to follow-up. Of 99 remaining patients, serum sickness developed in 61% (n=60), as defined by using liberal criteria. Serum sickness responded to oral @entity230 , antihistamines, or both; mean duration of symptoms with medication was 2.8 days. CONCLUSION: Anaphylactic reactions are uncommon after Centruroides antivenom infusion. Self-limited serum sickness that is easily controlled with @entity288 and antihistamines commonly follows the use of Centruroides antivenom.

title: Incidence of immediate and delayed XXXX to Centruroides antivenom.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity5900 :: ('MESH:D012909', 'Disease') :: ['envenomation']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['hypersensitivity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the laparoscopic approach to @entity4134 . STUDY DESIGN: Sixty-one @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic intervention due to various types of @entity4134 between March 1997 and April 1999 in a teaching hospital were assessed retrospectively. @entity1 with strong evidence of advanced @entity43 , such as large masses, @entity843 or omental cake, were excluded. Frozen section was performed intraoperatively, if indicated. In cases of @entity5 , laparotomy was performed. RESULTS: Mean operation time was 67.2 minutes; average hospital stay was 1.2 days. Cyst enucleation was performed in 34% of @entity1 . Two of 61 @entity1 were diagnosed as having @entity5 and converted to laparotomy. @entity298 was encountered after @entity48 due to spillage of contents in spite of using an endobag and irrigating copiously with saline. No other complications were seen. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy is a safe approach to @entity4134 and may decrease the rate of unnecessary laparotomies for benign cysts, which give no suspicious ultrasonographic signs.

title: Laparoscopic management of XXXX . Safety and effectiveness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity48 :: ('MESH:D003884', 'Disease') :: ['dermoid cyst removal']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['adnexal masses']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['Chemical peritonitis']

answer: @entity4134 :: (MESH:D000292,Disease) :: ['adnexal masses']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cordyceps sinensis (Cordyceps, Dong Chong Xia Cao), a herbal medicine also known as Chinese caterpillar fungus, is one of the most commonly used ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ). OBJECTIVES: This review aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects and potential adverse effects of Cordyceps sinensis for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity740 . SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Renal Group's Specialised Register to 14 April 2014 through contact with the Trials' Search Co-ordinator using search terms relevant to this review. We also searched CINAHL, AMED, Current Controlled Trials, OpenSIGLE, and Chinese databases including CBM, CMCC, TCMLARS, Chinese Dissertation Database, CMAC and Index to Chinese Periodical Literature. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised and quasi-randomised trials comparing Cordyceps or its products with placebo, no treatment, or conventional treatment were considered for inclusion in the review. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed data quality and extracted data. Statistical analyses were performed using the random-effects model and the results expressed as risk ratio (RR) for dichotomous outcomes or mean difference (MD) for continuous data with 95% confidence intervals (CI). MAIN RESULTS: We included 22 studies that involved 1746 @entity1 . Among @entity1 with @entity740 who were not receiving dialysis, Cordyceps preparations were found to significantly decrease serum @entity1011 (14 studies, 987 @entity1 ): MD -60.76  mol/L, 95% CI -85.82 to -35.71); increase @entity1011 clearance (6 studies, 362 @entity1 ): MD 9.22 mL/min, 95% CI 3.10 to 15.34) and reduce 24 hour @entity644 (4 studies, 211 @entity1 : MD -0.15 g/24 h, 95% CI -0.24 to -0.05). However, suboptimal reporting and flawed methodological approaches meant that risk of bias was assessed as high in four studies and unclear in 18 studies, and hence, these results need to be interpreted with caution. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We found that Cordyceps preparation, as an adjuvant therapy to conventional medicine, showed potential promise to decrease serum @entity1011 , increase @entity908 clearance, reduce @entity644 and alleviate @entity740 -associated complications, such as increased haemoglobin and serum albumin. However, definitive conclusions could not be made because of the low quality of evidence.

title: Cordyceps sinensis (a traditional Chinese medicine) for treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective. The nerve function of the VIIIth nerve is at risk during microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial @entity2473 (HFS). Intraoperative monitoring of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) can be useful in decreasing the danger of @entity393 . This study assessed the intraoperative BAEP findings related to the surgical process to clarify the optimum maneuvers of MVD surgery to avoid @entity393 . Methods. Hundred consecutive @entity1 undergoing MVD for HFS with intraoperative BAEP monitoring were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 were classified into four groups based on the greatest intraoperative latency prolongation and amplitude reduction of wave V of BAEP. Postoperative hearing function and surgical procedures including use of the brain retractor, preservation of arachnoid membrane along the VIIIth nerve, and duration of microscopic manipulation were analyzed in relation to the BAEP findings. Results. Three @entity1 complained of @entity393 after the surgery, but two had complete recovery and only one suffered permanent moderate @entity393 . Longer duration of microscopic manipulation and greater use of the brain retractor tended to have negative effects on the BAEP findings, whereas preservation of arachnoid membrane along the VIIIth nerve had a positive effect. Statistical analysis showed significant difference in preservation of arachnoid membrane along the VIIIth nerve in Groups 2 and 4 (p = 0.013). Conclusion. Stretching of the VIIIth nerve should be avoided to prevent postoperative @entity393 . Adequate exposure of the lower cranial nerve roots and lateral medulla oblongata from the caudal side without using the brain retractor gives enough space for decompression with minimum stretching of the VIIIth nerve. Maximum preservation of the arachnoid membrane along the VIIIth nerve and shortening of the duration of microscopic manipulation may help in avoiding postoperative @entity393 .

title: Microvascular decompression for hemifacial XXXX : how can we protect auditory function?

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'hearing impairment']

answer: @entity2473 :: (MESH:D013035,Disease) :: ['spasm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity17170 is a @entity669 kinase inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2( @entity319 ). This study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of @entity17170 in @entity1 with non-triple-negative metastatic @entity0 who had received prior chemotherapy for their metastatic disease. METHODS: This multicenter, open-label, single arm study enrolled @entity1 with non-triple-negative @entity0 , pretreated with @entity4349 , @entity6023 and @entity416 , and who failed in the metastatic setting at least 1 and at most 4 prior chemotherapy regimens and at least one endocrine drug for hormone receptor-positive @entity1 as well as at least one anti- @entity1722 drug for @entity1722 -positive @entity1 . The primary end point of this study was progression free survival (PFS). Secondary end points included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and @entity137 . @entity17170 was administered as 500 mg daily on days 1 through 28 of each 4-week cycle. RESULTS: 38 @entity1 were enrolled with a median age of 49 years (range, 35 to 62 years) and received @entity17170 for a median of 4 cycles (range from 0 to 10 cycles). 18 (47.4%) @entity1 experienced dose reduction during treatment. The median relative dose intensity (relative to assigned dose for each cycle) was 82% (range, 45.0% to 100.0%). Median follow-up time was 10.1 months. Median PFS of all 38 @entity1 was 4.0 months (95% confidence interval (CI), 2.8 m - 5.2 m). 36 @entity1 were eligible for efficacy analysis. ORR was 16.7% (6/36). DCR was 66.7% (24/36). Median OS was 10.3 months (95% CI, 9.1 m - 11.6 m). The most common grade 3/4 treatment-related AEs were @entity101 (20.5%), @entity8566 (10.3%), and @entity644 (5.1%). Of three possibly drug-related SAEs recorded in the study, 2 (3.4%) @entity204 occurred within 28 days of last treatment and were both considered to be the result of disease progression. The other one was grade 2 @entity294 needing hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: @entity17170 exhibited objective efficacy in heavily pretreated, metastatic non-triple-negative @entity0 with manageable @entity137 , and it might be better to be tested in @entity0 with high angiogenesis dependency. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01653561.

title: Multicenter phase II study of XXXX in non-triple-negative metastatic @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity17170 :: ('MESH:C553458', 'Chemical') :: ['Apatinib', 'apatinib']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity17170 :: (MESH:C553458,Chemical) :: ['apatinib']


abstract: PURPOSE: The impact of cardiopulmonary bypass in level III-IV @entity5 thrombectomy on surgical and oncologic outcomes is unknown. We determine the impact of cardiopulmonary bypass on overall and @entity5 specific survival, as well as surgical complication rates and immediate outcomes in @entity1 undergoing nephrectomy and level III-IV @entity5 thrombectomy with or without cardiopulmonary bypass. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 362 @entity1 with @entity1358 and with level III or IV @entity5 thrombus from 1992 to 2012 at 22 U.S. and European centers. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare overall and @entity5 specific survival between @entity1 with and without cardiopulmonary bypass. Perioperative mortality and complication rates were assessed using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Median overall survival was 24.6 months in noncardiopulmonary bypass cases and 26.6 months in cardiopulmonary bypass cases. Overall survival and @entity5 specific survival did not differ significantly in both groups on univariate analysis or when adjusting for known risk factors. On multivariate analysis no significant differences were seen in hospital length of stay, Clavien 1-4 complication rate, intraoperative or 30-day mortality and @entity5 specific survival. Limitations include the retrospective nature of the study. CONCLUSIONS: In our multi-institutional analysis the use of cardiopulmonary bypass did not significantly impact @entity5 specific survival or overall survival in @entity1 undergoing nephrectomy and level III or IV @entity5 thrombectomy. Neither approach was independently associated with increased mortality on multivariate analysis. Greater surgical complications were not independently associated with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass.

title: Cardiopulmonary Bypass has No Significant Impact on Survival in XXXX Undergoing Nephrectomy and Level III-IV Inferior Vena Cava Thrombectomy: Multi-Institutional Analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Since the establishment of the WHO three-step ladder for management of @entity5 , several controversies have arisen, which are partly due to new drug development, reformulations of older analgesics, and technological advancements. As a result, clinicians need clarification of several questions. Is morphine the opioid of choice for moderate to severe @entity158 in @entity5 ? Should combinations of opioids be used? When should spinal opioids be used to treat @entity158 in @entity5 ? What are the appropriate opioid doses for @entity158 ? Should selective @entity2247 inhibitors be used? What is the best tactic to treat @entity9 , and what first-line adjuvant analgesic should be used? And do @entity171 relieve @entity158 in @entity5 other than @entity0 and @entity1582 ? This review addresses these questions.

title: Controversies in pharmacotherapy of XXXX management.

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain', 'breakthrough pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical outcome of @entity3 treated with linac-based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and evaluate the potential prognostic factors. METHODS: We reviewed 102 @entity1 with 131 @entity3 treated with a linac-based SRS from 1994 to 2002, including 78 @entity1 with solitary and 24 with multiple brain @entity3 , with the diameter of @entity5 all within 4 cm. Among these 102 @entity1 , 18 received planned whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) before or after SRS. Ninety-three @entity1 with 120 lesions were evaluated for @entity5 control analysis with follow-up imaging data. The @entity1 ' survival and local control of the @entity5 were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method, and the potential prognostic factors were analyzed with univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The overall @entity5 control rate and the actuarial @entity5 control rate at 1 year were 92.5% and 87.6%, respectively. The @entity5 volume was the single significant predictor for @entity5 control (P=0.035). The median survival of the 102 @entity1 was 11 months. In univariate analysis, @entity1 aged over 60 years (P=0.038) with KPS score above 70 (P=0.001), absence of extracranial @entity3 (P=0.031) and administration of planned WBRT (P=0.025) were significant factors for survival. After adjustment of multivariate analysis, only KPS score was identified as the independent predictor (P=0.033). CONCLUSION: SRS is an effective method for treatment of brain @entity3 , and multiple factors may affect the @entity5 control and survival of the @entity1 .

title: [Prognostic factors for XXXX treated with stereotactic radiosurgery].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'brain metastatic tumors']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['brain metastatic tumors']


abstract: The effects of immunocastration and time after second Improvest dose on proximate composition and @entity844 profile of adipose tissue from jowl and belly of finishing barrows were determined. Physically castrated (PC) and @entity1200 ( @entity1200 ) barrows were assigned to treatments at birth. Within 5 d of age, PC barrows were physically castrated and @entity1200 barrows were administered Improvest (gonadotropin-releasing factor analog; Zoetis, Kalamazoo, MI) at 16 and 20 wk of age. Diets were formulated with @entity4336 and @entity1460 meal and did not contain @entity1068 coproducts. Subsequently, PC (n = 23) and @entity1200 (n = 24) barrows were slaughtered biweekly from 22 to 28 wk of age, 2 to 8 wk following second Improvest dose. Adipose tissue samples were collected from the jowl and belly. Main effects of castration method and time after second Improvest dose and their interaction were analyzed with the MIXED procedure of SAS. Overall, @entity1200 barrows were heavier at slaughter (136.1 vs. 100.6 kg; P < 0.01), had similar HCW (P = 0.13), and were leaner (50.9 vs. 48.9%; P < 0.01) than PC barrows. In jowl adipose tissue, @entity1200 barrows had less lipid content (64.7 vs. 80.2%; P < 0.01) than PC barrows at 2 wk. However, there were no differences (P >=  0.75) in lipid content between @entity1200 and PC barrows from 4 to 8 wk. Total @entity8981 content was reduced (42.5 vs. 44.8%; P = 0.04) and @entity5204 content was greater (16.9 vs. 14.8%; P < 0.01) in @entity1200 compared to PC barrows. Increasing time after second dose reduced (P = 0.04) @entity5204 content from 17.5% at 2 wk to 15.4% at 8 wk. In @entity1200 barrows, @entity1496 value (IV) was increased by 6.9 and 3.3 g/100 g compared with PC barrows at 2 and 4 wk, but IV was not different between castration methods (P >=  0.95) at both 6 and 8 wk. Meanwhile, in belly adipose tissue, @entity1200 barrows had less lipid content than PC barrows (75.3 vs. 82.7%; P < 0.01). Lipid content was unchanged over time (P = 0.34) in either PC or @entity1200 barrows. Total @entity10194 and @entity8981 content of the belly were similar for both @entity1200 and PC barrows. Belly adipose tissue from @entity1200 barrows had greater concentrations of @entity5204 than PC barrows (16.2 vs. 14.7%; P < 0.01). In @entity1200 barrows, IV was increased by 5.3 g/100 g compared with PC barrows at 2 wk, but IV was not different between castration methods (P >=  0.91) from 4 to 8 wk. Results indicate that as time after second Improvest dose progressed, IV of jowl and belly was reduced. This was accompanied by an increase in lipid deposition in jowl, while lipid content remained constant in belly.

title: Effects of immunocastration and time after second Improvest dose on adipose tissue XXXX profile of finishing barrows.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunologically castrated', 'IC']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate the impact of pelvicaliceal anatomy on stone clearance in @entity1 with remnant fragments in the lower pole after flexible ureteroscopy and holmium laser lithotripsy (fURSL) for @entity1290 >15   mm. @entity1 AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 67 @entity1 with radiopaque residual fragments (>2   mm) in the lower pole after fURSL for large @entity1290 (>15   mm). The preoperative infundibular length (IL), infundibular width (IW), infundibulopelvic angle (IPA), and caliceal pelvic height (CPH) were measured using intravenous urography. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine whether any of these measurements affected stone clearance. RESULTS: Of the 67 @entity1 , 55 (82.1%) were stone free (SF) 3 months after fURSL. The anatomic factors significantly favorable for an SF status were a short IL, broad IW, wide IPA, and low CPH. On multivariate analysis, the IPA had a significant influence on an SF status after fURSL (p=0.010). An IPA <30   was a negative risk factor (p=0.019). @entity260 occurred in nine @entity1 (13.4%), including Clavien grade I complications in two @entity1 (2.9%), grade II in six @entity1 (8.9%), and grade IIIa in one @entity1 (1.8%). Almost all complications were minor. CONCLUSIONS: An IPA <30   is the only negative risk factor for stone clearance after fURSL for large @entity1290 according to our multivariate analysis. Additional studies are required to further evaluate the characteristics of the pelvicaliceal anatomy influencing stone clearance.

title: Influence of Pelvicaliceal Anatomy on Stone Clearance After Flexible Ureteroscopy and Holmium Laser Lithotripsy for Large XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal stones']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1290 :: (MESH:D007669,Disease) :: ['Renal Stones']


abstract: @entity1759 is a M(r) 90,000 surface glycoprotein believed to be involved in cell adhesion and migration. We investigated the role of @entity1759 in @entity5 growth and @entity3 using @entity1 @entity320 cell lines SMMU-1 and SMMU-2. Both SMMU-1 and SMMU-2 form @entity5 in the s.c. tissues when injected s.c. in @entity915 @entity19 but only SMMU-2 metastasizes. Approximately one-half of @entity915 @entity19 receiving injections of SMMU-2 s.c. develop @entity3 . SMMU-2 but not SMMU-1 expresses high levels of the hematopoietic form of @entity1759 and binds fluorescence-conjugated hyaluronic acid in vitro. GKW.A2 is a monoclonal antibody specific for @entity1 @entity1759 that can completely inhibit the binding of hyaluronic acid to SMMU-2 @entity5 cells in vitro. Moreover, in vivo injection of GKW.A3 inhibited the growth and metastatic potential of SMMU-2 @entity5 cells. Administration of GKW.A3 i.v. 1 week after s.c. @entity5 injection did not inhibit @entity5 development but inhibited the formation of @entity3 and prolonged animal survival. Therefore, interactions between @entity1759 on @entity5 cells and its ligands in vivo may be necessary for @entity5 growth and @entity3 .

title: Inhibition of @entity1 XXXX growth and @entity3 in vivo by anti- @entity1759 monoclonal antibody.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggests that autonomic nervous system activity could be involved in the pathophysiology of @entity3458 , but it is unclear whether differences in autonomic nervous system activity are detectable during steady state in @entity1 with mild and severe disease. The aim of the present study was to compare the autonomic nervous system activity, blood rheology, and @entity32 in @entity1 with @entity3458 according to the frequency of acute @entity158 crisis. DESIGN AND METHODS: Twenty-four healthy volunteers, 20 @entity1 with @entity3458 with @entity66 , and 15 @entity1 with @entity3458 with more severe disease were recruited. Milder disease was defined as having no @entity158 crisis within the previous year. More severe disease was defined as having had within the previous year three or more @entity158 crises which were documented by a physician and required treatment with narcotics. The autonomic nervous system activity was determined by spectral analysis of nocturnal heart rate variability. Blood viscosity determination and measurements of several inflammatory markers ( @entity650 , soluble @entity4725 , soluble @entity2936 ligand and sL-selectin) were made on blood samples collected in steady-state conditions. RESULTS: Results showed that: 1) @entity1 who had suffered more frequent @entity158 crises had lower parasympathetic activity and greater sympatho-vagal imbalance than both controls and @entity1 with @entity66 . However, when adjusted for age, no significant difference was detected between the two @entity3458 @entity1 groups; 2) @entity1 who had suffered more frequent @entity158 crises had higher blood viscosity than @entity1 with @entity66 , and this was not dependent on age. CONCLUSIONS: Results from the present study indicate that both the @entity4148 are impaired in @entity1 with @entity3458 exhibiting high frequency of @entity158 crisis in comparison with those who did not experience a crisis within the previous year.

title: Frequency of @entity158 crises in @entity3458 and its relationship with the sympatho-vagal balance, blood viscosity and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['milder disease']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell anemia', 'sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic nervous system activity and blood viscosity']

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']