abstract: BACKGROUND: Significant variability and a lack of transparency exist in the reporting of anterior resection outcomes. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to qualitatively analyze the long-term functional outcomes and assessment tools used in evaluating @entity1 with @entity5 following anterior resection, to quantify the incidence of these outcomes, and to identify risk factors for long-term @entity322 . DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL were searched using the terms @entity188 , resection, and gastrointestinal function. STUDY SELECTION: The studies included were in English and evaluated adults with @entity5 , curative anterior resection, and a minimum 1-year follow-up. @entity1 with recurrent/metastatic disease were excluded. Of the 805 records identified, 48 articles were included. INTERVENTION: The intervention performed was anterior resection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measure was @entity322 (gas, liquid stool, and solid stool). RESULTS: The histories of 3349 @entity1 from 17 countries were summarized. Surgeries were conducted between 1978 to 2004 with a median follow-up of 24 months (interquartile range, 12, 57). Sixty-five percent of studies did not use a validated assessment tool. Reported outcomes and incidence rates were variable. The reported proportion of @entity1 with @entity322 ranged from 3.2% to 79.3%, with a pooled incidence of 35.2% (95% CI 27.9, 43.3). Risk factors for @entity322 , identified by meta-regression, were preoperative radiation 0.009 and, in particular, short-course radiation (P = .006), and study quality (randomized controlled trial P = .004, observational P = .006). LIMITATIONS: The meta-analysis was limited by the significant heterogeneity of the primary data. CONCLUSIONS: Functional outcomes are inconsistently assessed and reported and require common definitions, and the more regular use of validated assessment tools, as well. Preoperative radiation and, in particular, short-course radiation may be a strong risk factor for @entity322 ; however, further studies are needed.

title: The long-term gastrointestinal functional outcomes following curative anterior resection in adults with XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['rectal neoplasms']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: @entity7459 is an oxidant gas that contaminates outdoor air and indoor air in homes with unvented gas appliances. A prospective cohort study was carried out to test the hypothesis that residential exposure to @entity6836 increases incidence and severity of @entity1576 during the first 18 months of life. A cohort of 1,205 healthy @entity1 from homes without smokers was enrolled. The daily occurrence of respiratory symptoms and illnesses was reported by the mothers every 2 wk. Illnesses with wheezing or wet cough were classified as lower respiratory tract. Indoor @entity6836 concentrations were serially measured with passive samplers place in the subjects' bedrooms. In stratified analyses, illness incidence rates did not consistently increase with exposure to @entity6836 or stove type. In multivariate analyses that adjusted for potential confounding factors, odds ratios were not significantly elevated for current or lagged @entity6836 exposures, or stove type. Illness duration, a measure of illness severity, was not associated with @entity6836 exposure. The findings can be extended to homes with gas stoves in regions of the United States where the outdoor air is not heavily polluted by @entity6836 .

title: @entity7459 and @entity1576 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrogen dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory illnesses']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity4372 ( @entity4372 ) treatment in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in animal models of @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ). METHODS: PubMed and EMBASE data were retrieved from January 1st, 1966 to September 30th, 2014, and Wanfang data and CNKI were searched from January 1st, 1990 to September 30th, 2014 for @entity23 ( @entity23 ) regarding CPR intervention of @entity1167 animal models with @entity4372 . @entity4372 was intravenously infused at the initiation of CPR in @entity4372 group, without limiting its dosage or concentration. The same volume of normal saline (NS) was given in NS group. Meta-analysis concerning the rate of restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), the serum sodium concentration before @entity1167 and during CPR, and related hemodynamic parameters, including mean arterial pressure (MAP) and coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) at the immediate beginning of CPR and 90 minutes after ROSC was conducted by RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS: A total of 8 @entity23 were included. Meta-analysis showed that compared with NS group, the rate of ROSC [relative risk (RR) = 1.23, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.05-1.43, P = 0.010], serum sodium concentration during CPR [ @entity353 ( @entity353 ) = 17.44, 95%CI = 12.57-22.31, P < 0.01], and the level of MAP at 90 minutes after ROSC ( @entity353 = 4.81, 95%CI = 1.58-8.03, P = 0.003) were significantly improved in @entity4372 group. There was no significant statistic difference in other hemodynamic parameters, including serum sodium concentration before @entity1167 ( @entity353 = 0.78, 95%CI = -0.26-1.82, P = 0.14), MAP ( @entity353 = 5.43, 95%CI = -0.74-11.59, P = 0.08) and CPP at the immediate beginning of CPR ( @entity353 = 6.82, 95%CI = -5.54-19.19, P = 0.28), and CPP at 90 minutes after ROSC ( @entity353 = -0.77, 95%CI = -10.33-8.80, P = 0.88) between two groups. It was showed by funnel chart that bias was not significant in the published articles. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review indicates that @entity4372 infusion is followed by an improved ROSC rate, serum sodium concentration during CPR, and MAP at 90 minutes after ROSC in animal models of @entity1167 .

title: [The efficacy of XXXX treatment in cardiopulmonary resuscitation in animal model with @entity1167 : a Meta-analysis].

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['HS', 'hypertonic saline']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'weight mean difference']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'CA']

answer: @entity4372 :: (MESH:D009122,Disease) :: ['hypertonic saline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Downregulation of beta-adrenergic receptors (betaARs) under conditions of @entity712 requires receptor targeting of phosphoinositide 3-kinase ( @entity8359 and redistribution of betaARs into endosomal compartments. Because support with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) results in significant improvement of cardiac function in @entity1 , we investigated the effects of mechanical unloading on regulation of @entity8359 activity and intracellular distribution of betaARs. Additionally, we tested whether displacement of @entity8359 from activated betaARs would restore agonist responsiveness in failing @entity1 cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS: To test the role of @entity8359 on betaAR endocytosis in failing @entity1 hearts, we assayed for @entity8359 activity in @entity1 left ventricular samples before and after mechanical unloading (LVAD). Before LVAD, failing @entity1 hearts displayed a marked increase in @entity437 ( @entity437 )-associated @entity8359 activity that was attributed exclusively to enhanced activity of the @entity8359 isoform. Increased @entity437 -coupled @entity8359 activity in the failing hearts was associated with downregulation of betaARs from the plasma membrane and enhanced sequestration into early and late endosomes compared with unmatched nonfailing controls. Importantly, LVAD support reversed @entity8359 activation, normalized the levels of agonist-responsive betaARs at the plasma membrane, and depleted the betaARs from the endosomal compartments without changing the total number of receptors (sum of plasma membrane and early and late endosome receptors). To test whether the competitive displacement of @entity8359 from the betaAR complex restored receptor responsiveness, we overexpressed the phosphoinositide kinase domain of @entity8359 (which disrupts @entity437 / @entity8359 interaction) in primary cultures of failing @entity1 cardiomyocytes. Adenoviral-mediated @entity7425 kinase overexpression significantly increased basal contractility and rapidly reconstituted responsiveness to beta-agonist. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a novel paradigm in which @entity1 betaARs undergo a process of intracellular sequestration that is dynamically reversed after LVAD support. Importantly, mechanical unloading leads to complete reversal in @entity8359 and @entity437 -associated @entity8359 activation. Furthermore, displacement of active @entity8359 from @entity437 restores betaAR responsiveness in failing myocytes.

title: Dynamic regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-gamma activity and beta-adrenergic receptor trafficking in end-stage XXXX @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity7425 :: ('CHEBI:18179', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoinositide']

entities_list: @entity437 :: ('156', 'Gene') :: ['betaAR kinase 1', 'betaARK1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We assessed the relationship between proper placement of corticosteroid injections and subsequent shoulder function and @entity158 in @entity5818 . METHODS: The study included 48 @entity1 (29 @entity1 , 19 @entity1 ; mean age 46.5 years; range 23 to 58 years) with @entity5818 , whose complaints of @entity158 lasted more than two months. To monitor the site of injection, contrast material was added to a mixture of @entity134 and local anesthetic solution. Injections were delivered into the subacromial bursa by an anterolateral approach. Radiographs of the joint were taken immediately afterwards to ensure the accurate placement of the injection. Shoulder function and @entity158 were evaluated by @entity227 scale, range of movement of the joint, and Constant scores before treatment, and half an hour and two weeks after the injections. RESULTS: The injections were placed accurately in 42 @entity1 (87%), while in six @entity1 (12.5%), delivery to the target site failed. Statistically significant improvements were observed in both groups half an hour after the injections (p<0.05). However, two weeks after the treatment evaluations showed that failure to obtain an accurate placement was associated with return to pretreatment values, while significant improvement continued in the other group. CONCLUSION: Failure to deliver injections to the target site may be decreased by increased utilization of visualization and imaging methods.

title: [The correlation between the accuracy of @entity134 injections and subsequent XXXX and function in @entity5818 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual pain']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'shoulder pain']

entities_list: @entity5818 :: ('MESH:D019534', 'Disease') :: ['subacromial impingement syndrome']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['shoulder pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the measurement properties of the StepWatch(   ) Activity Monitor (SAM) and ActivPAL in @entity1030 . METHOD: Whilst wearing both monitors, @entity1 performed walking tasks at two self-selected speeds, with and without a rollator. Steps obtained using the monitors were compared with that measured by direct observation. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 aged 73    9 years (FEV(1)   = 35    13% pred; 8 males) completed the study. Average speeds for the slow and normal walking tasks were 34    7 m  @entity1009 )and 46    10 m  @entity1009 ), respectively. Agreement between steps recorded by the SAM with steps counted was similar irrespective of speed or rollator use (p = 0.63) with a mean difference and limit of agreement (LOA) of 2 steps  @entity1009 ) and 6 steps  @entity1009 ), respectively. Agreement for the ActivPAL was worse at slow speeds (mean difference 7 steps  @entity1009 ); LOA 10 steps  @entity1009 )) compared with normal speeds (mean difference 4 steps  @entity1009 ); LOA 5 steps  @entity1009 )) (p = 0.03), but was unaffected by rollator use. The change in step rate between slow and normal walking via direct observation was 12    7 steps  @entity1009 ) which was similar to that detected by the SAM (12    6 steps  @entity1009 )) and ActivPAL (14    7 steps  @entity1009 )). CONCLUSIONS: The SAM can be used to detect steps in @entity1 who walk very slowly including those who use a rollator. Both devices were sensitive to small changes.

title: Accuracy and responsiveness of the stepwatch activity monitor and ActivPAL in @entity1 with XXXX when walking with and without a rollator.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'participants']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: Global @entity63 during cardiac surgery, brain surgery and @entity64 leads to lasting @entity73 . Previously we showed that low-dose GYKI-52466 preconditioning protects against kainic acid-induced @entity410 and @entity2806 in @entity35 . Here, we evaluated low-dose GYKI-52466 on electrophysiological indices of hippocampal @entity1249 function after HI. Male @entity35 (26 days old) were administered saline or GYKI-52466 (3mg/kg, s.c.) 90min before left common carotid artery occlusion and allowed to recover 2h prior to placement in a @entity519 chamber (1h; 8% O2/92% N2). On days 14 and 90 post-HI, contralateral and, where possible, ipsilateral hippocampal slices were prepared and population spikes and field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) recorded at 30-32  C. Slices with population spikes >= 3mV and/or field EPSPs >= 1mV were accepted for long-term potentiation (LTP) and @entity308 (LTD) studies. GYKI-52466 preconditioning prevented the @entity64 -induced suppression of population spikes and field EPSPs in both contralateral and ipsilateral hippocampi at 14 and 90 days. On days 14 and 90, both LTP and LTD were readily induced in both contralateral and ipsilateral hippocampi from sham-operated controls. After @entity64 , LTP was significantly impaired in contralateral and completely absent in ipsilateral hippocampi. In @entity63 animals preconditioned with low-dose GYKI-52466, LTP was readily induced on both sides. Hippocampal LTD was unaffected by either HI or GYKI preconditioning on both days 14 and 90. The present results indicate that prophylactic low-dose GYKI-52466 preserves @entity1249 function and synaptic plasticity processes contralateral, and more importantly, ipsilateral to the site of damage.

title: Functional preservation of hippocampal XXXX by low-dose GYKI-52466 preconditioning in a @entity35 model of @entity2806 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral hypoxic-ischemic (HI) damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychological impairments']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity1249 :: (310218(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CA1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the factors that influence risk of @entity5 after three consecutive negative Pap smears. METHODS: A cohort study was conducted using data from the British Columbia @entity5 Screening Program and British Columbia Cancer Registry. Analysis was based on a one percent sample of @entity1 aged 20-69 years with Pap smears enriched with all @entity3 cases diagnosed between 1994-99. Screening intervals, after three negative screens, were created with the following variables: age at beginning of interval, interval length, previous cytologic abnormality and previous cervical procedure. The risk of @entity5 by histologic type was calculated using survival analysis methods. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 10,509 @entity1 , who contributed 28,309 intervals, and 371 @entity5 cases. The incidence rate of invasive @entity5 increased with time since last screen up to six years. @entity1 with a history of @entity1141 remained at elevated risk for @entity5 , hazard ratio=2.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.9, 3.4) but age or previous procedure were not related to risk. No relationship between time since last screen and non- @entity5 risk was found although history of a previous procedure was significant. The marginal effectiveness of Pap smears declined with increasing frequency of use. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed the preventive effect of Pap smear screening and its dependency on frequency of use. @entity1 with a history of @entity1141 , prior to three consecutive negatives, were at increased risk of developing invasive @entity5 compared with @entity1 with no such history.

title: Risk of XXXX after three consecutive negative Pap smears.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cervical cancer', 'cervical cancer', 'Cervical Cancer', 'squamous cancer']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical cancer']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['invasive cervical cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2685 complicates 0.6-2.6 per 1,000 live births. Surgery is sometimes advocated for @entity1 who fail to improve with conservative management. We reviewed the available literature on birth-related @entity5300 in order to provide recommendations for surgical management, using evidence-based criteria. METHODS: Studies were identified by searching Medline (1966-2002) and the Cochrane Library using the terms brachial plexus, neonate or @entity1 , surgery and natural history. The reference lists of relevant articles were also reviewed. The search was restricted to articles published in English. Each article was classified according to its methodology. Management recommendations were suggested based on the results of the studies identified and the degree of certainty of the available literature. RESULTS: Twenty-three papers were selected for detailed analysis. There are no randomized controlled trials that have investigated the role of brachial plexus surgery in the management of birth-related @entity5300 . Two prospective studies of relevance were found, one describing the natural history of birth-related @entity2685 and one evaluating surgery for these @entity1 . The remainder consisted of retrospective case series. Outcomes from surgical series are generally favorable (level III and V evidence). Direct comparison with the natural history could not be inferred from the series reviewed given the lack of controls. CONCLUSION: There is no conclusive evidence showing a benefit of surgery over conservative management approaches in the treatment of @entity1 with birth-related @entity2685 . Surgery remains a valid practice option given the level III and V evidence suggesting a possible benefit of surgery.

title: A systematic review of brachial plexus surgery for birth-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus palsy']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus injuries', 'Brachial plexus injury', 'brachial plexus injury']

answer: @entity2685 :: (MESH:C536265,Disease) :: ['brachial plexus injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the processes involved to ensure a @entity6 -specific quality of life questionnaire [the "Audit of @entity1723 Quality of Life" (ADDQoL)] retained the psychometric properties following cross-cultural adaptation from English to Portuguese. METHODS: One hundred @entity1 were recruited through community pharmacies located in Lisbon through a cross-sectional study design. @entity1 were asked to respond to the questionnaire on one occasion in time. Data were subjected to factor analysis, and internal consistency and discriminatory power analyses were undertaken. RESULTS: In the Portuguese sample, 17 items loaded into one factor, with factor loadings above 0.43. The item "worries about the future" loaded weekly into this factor but if removed its internal consistency estimate increased very slightly (Cronbach's alpha=0.89 to 0.90). A greater negative impact of @entity6 on 16 of the 18 quality of life domains was detected for insulin-treated @entity1 , together with a greater negative impact on 14 of the 18 quality of life domains for @entity1 with @entity2412 . The domain "freedom to eat" revealed the greatest negative impact in all @entity1 subgroups, as described in its original version, so the psychometric properties were retained. Additionally, @entity1 without @entity2412 reported a worse quality of life (greater negative impact) on the first overview item, present quality of life (Z=-2.25; p=0.024); whilst @entity1 on insulin reported a greater negative impact of @entity6 on their quality of life (Z=-1.94; p=0.053). CONCLUSION: Generally, the Portuguese version for Portugal of the ADDQoL has shown to maintain its original psychometric properties, and could be recommended for use and further evaluation in subsequent studies.

title: An Audit of XXXX Quality of Life (ADDQoL) for Portugal: exploring validity and reliability.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes Dependent']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic complications']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['Diabetes Dependent']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity1 with @entity2419 are usually difficult to intubate and it is considered safer to keep them spontaneously breathing while securing the airway. This prospective comparative study was conducted to evaluate endotracheal intubating conditions in pediatric @entity1 undergoing cleft surgeries, without the use of muscle relaxants following induction with @entity1875 and @entity2614 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty @entity1 aged 1month to 3 years, were randomly allocated into two equal groups. Anesthesia was induced with @entity2614 8% in @entity26 in group 1 and with @entity1875 3 mg/kg in group 2. Laryngoscopy and intubation were attempted 150 s after induction in both groups and ease of laryngoscopy, position of vocal cords, degree of coughing, jaw relaxation, and limb movements were assessed and scored. Total score of 5 was considered excellent, 6-10 good, 11-15 poor, and 16-20 bad. Total score  <= 10 was considered clinically acceptable, and >10 as clinically unacceptable. Chi-square and Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney tests were used to analyze data. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between groups when ease of laryngoscopy was compared. @entity2614 induced @entity1 had significantly better position of vocal cords at intubation and the @entity1875 group had significantly more episodes of coughing. Significantly less number of @entity1 had limb movements in @entity2614 group. There was no significant difference in degree of jaw relaxation between groups. The @entity2614 group had significantly better total scores and clinically acceptable intubating conditions. CONCLUSION: @entity2614 8% in @entity26 provides clinically acceptable intubating conditions without use of muscle relaxants in pediatric cleft @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of endotracheal intubating conditions without the use of muscle relaxants following induction with @entity1875 and @entity2614 in pediatric cleft lip and XXXX surgeries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane', 'Sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['facial clefts']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['palate']


abstract: Increased blood pressure (BP) may stimulate @entity32 , which may itself induce pathological arterial changes. BP variability has been associated with target-organ damage and future @entity65 . We hypothesized that BP variability, as derived from ambulatory BP monitoring, is related to inflammatory markers in newly diagnosed @entity101 . Systolic (S) and diastolic (D) BP variabilities were assessed as the SD of 24-h pressure recordings in a cohort of 190 recently (<6 months) diagnosed, untreated @entity101 subjects. Target organ damage, assessed by measuring the carotid artery intima-media thickness, left ventricular mass index, and microalbuminuria, was related to plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and soluble (s) @entity4105 , an endothelium-specific molecule. The @entity1 ' age (mean+/-SD) was 53.0+/-8.5 years, and 59% were male. Multivariable analysis identified awake @entity13519 variability (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.002-0.042, p=0.034) as an independent correlate of hsCRP and awake @entity13519 (95% CI: 0.003-0.014, p=0.003), awake @entity13519 variability (95% CI: 0.003-0.035, p=0.018), and microalbuminuria (95% CI: 0.075-0.280, p=0.001) as independent correlates of sE-selectin. When @entity1 were divided into low and high awake @entity13519 variability groups, age (p=0.001), hsCRP (p=0.0001), and sE-selectin (p=0.005) were significantly different in the two groups. After adjusting for age, these differences remained significant (p=0.022 and p=0.001 for hsCRP and sE-selectin, respectively). In recently diagnosed @entity101 subjects, hsCRP and sE-selectin levels are related to awake @entity13519 variability. High @entity13519 variability is likely associated with @entity32 in newly diagnosed @entity101 , independent of @entity13519 . (Hypertens Res 2008; 31: 2137-2146).

title: Awake blood pressure variability, inflammatory markers and target organ damage in newly diagnosed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['vascular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to establish an objective diagnostic method, through which the functional capacity of the @entity2045 with chronic @entity63 could be best assessed. METHODS: For a 9-year period (1986-1994) 74 @entity1 suffering @entity432 ( @entity432 ) of the @entity2045 with chronic @entity63 were treated. Fifty five of them (74.3%) were males (an average age of 52.4 years) and 19 females (25.6%), (an average age of 42.5 years). Forty nine of them (66.2%) were in second stage according to the adapted Fontain's classification. An original method and device have been established for the investigation of the abilities of the @entity2045 to make repeated movements till they get an @entity613 . The apparatus consists of tree modules: a mechanical device, an interface adapter and a microcomputer. RESULTS: During the flexion of the fingers the @entity1 overcomes the resistance of springs which is 1.82 Nm. An @entity63 Fatigue Index (IFI) is calculated--it gives the quantitative value of the functional capacity of the limb. IFI in @entity1 in second stage of Chronic @entity63 (CAI) is from 0.14 to 0.76 during the diagnostic test and from 0.18 to 1.0 after the operative or drug treatment or Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty (PTA). A retrospective analysis shows that in @entity1 who were operated on, the preoperative IFI was less than 0.50. The measurement of Arm-Arm Blood Pressure Index (AABPI) before treatment and after it in some cases shows normal values in spite of the presence of subclavian @entity2791 . The angiographies that were done could not help for the evaluation of the functional capacity of the upper extremities. The presence of pulse in 9 @entity1 (18.4%) does not exclude a presence of occlusion. CONCLUSIONS: IFI is a quantitative indicator for the @entity2045 capacity. It shows whether the symptoms are severe enough to justify the surgery. The periodical measurement of IFI is a monitoring of the development of @entity432 .

title: New method and device for assessment of functional capacity of XXXX with chronic @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic', 'Arterial Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['artery stenoses']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent claudication']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Arterial Occlusive Disease', 'AOD']

answer: @entity2045 :: (MESH:D009207,Disease) :: ['upper extremity']


abstract: Background Advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 were treated as part of a Phase I dose escalation and expansion study evaluating a true human monoclonal antibody targeting @entity1192 (Xilonix), which is intended to modulate the malignant phenotype-inhibiting @entity5 growth, spread and offering relief of symptoms. Methods Sixteen @entity1149 @entity1 were included. @entity1 failed a median of 4 chemotherapy regimens, including 10/16 failing anti- @entity470 therapy. Disease progression was evaluated using a multi-modal approach: @entity5 response, @entity1 reported outcomes (EORTC-QLQC30), and lean body mass (LBM). @entity1 received infusions every 2 or 3  weeks until progression, and were followed 24  months to assess survival. Results There were no infusion reactions, dose-limiting @entity137 , or @entity204 due to therapy. Albeit not statistically significant, there was a trend in @entity650 (-2.6        18.5 (0.1 [-2.8-2.4]), platelet counts (-11        54 (-4[-36.0-1.0]), @entity1851 (-3.3        30.2 (0.4 [-10.7-1.8]) and LBM (1.0        2.5 (0.4 [-0.5-2.6]). Self-reported outcomes revealed reductions in @entity158 , @entity1295 and improvement in appetite. Median survival was 7.6 (IQR 4.4-11.5) months, stratification based on prior anti- @entity470 therapy revealed a median survival of 9.4  months (IQR 7.6-12.5) for those pretreated (N   =   10) versus a survival of 4.8  months (IQR 4.3-5.7) for those without (N   =   6, logrank p   =   0.187). Conclusion Xilonix was well tolerated, with gains in LBM and improvement in symptoms suggesting a clinically important response. Although not statistically significant, the survival outcomes observed for @entity1 with and without prior anti- @entity470 therapy raises intriguing questions about the potential synergy of @entity1192 blockade and anti- @entity470 therapy. Further study for this agent in @entity1149 is warranted.

title: Xilonix, a novel true human antibody targeting the inflammatory cytokine @entity1192 , in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Traditionally, @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) has been evaluated as a unique entity in genotyping studies. However, recent biological data suggest that different @entity1149 subtypes, specifically @entity420 ( @entity420 ) and @entity957 ( @entity957 ), differentially alter @entity5 behavior. Several studies have associated a @entity876 polymorphism at codon 72 with @entity1149 susceptibility. This study investigated whether different @entity876 genotypes altered the overall risk of developing @entity420 versus @entity957 . Polymorphisms in metabolizing enzymes, together with prolonged exposure to @entity286 carcinogens, can result in accumulation of DNA damage; these effects may potentiate the effects of subtle differences in @entity876 function. Thus, interactions between polymorphisms of @entity876 and either @entity9164 or @entity4192 were also evaluated. We analyzed 1168 incident @entity2 cases and 1256 control subjects using multiple logistic regression. Histological data were available for 1144 cases (98%): 585 with @entity420 , 284 with @entity957 , and 275 with other histological subtypes (large cell, small cell, mixed, and other). An increase in the @entity1149 risk posed by the @entity876 Pro allele (versus @entity534 / @entity534 ) was seen in @entity420 compared with controls [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-1.7] but not in @entity957 (adjusted OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.8-1.4). Among @entity420 and @entity957 @entity5 @entity1 , individuals with the @entity9164 -null genotype had an OR of 1.80 (95% CI, 1.1-2.8; case-only analysis) of having @entity420 versus @entity957 if they also carried a @entity876 Pro allele. We conclude that different genotype combinations of @entity876 and @entity9164 increase the risk of developing specific histological subtypes of @entity1149 .

title: Differential association of the codon 72 @entity876 and XXXX polymorphisms on histological subtype of @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCC', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'AC']

answer: @entity9164 :: (2944,Gene) :: ['GSTM1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most obesities are known low in sympathetic activity, and brain neurotransmitters may play roles in the defective exhibitions of @entity28 . @entity5834 , a stimulant, which can prompt lipolysis, has been applied on the therapy of @entity28 . Although the interactive combinations between @entity5834 and certain neurotransmitters has been appreciated recently, but its regulatory mechanisms are still obscure. This study investigated the effect of @entity5834 on the body fat deposition, and its interactions with brain @entity750 and @entity2922 in the @entity74 (ob/ob) @entity19 . METHODS: At 12-week of age, @entity28 @entity19 and their lean counterparts (+/?) were administered with @entity5834 (4 mg/d) in water for 4 weeks. The brain neurotransmitters levels and body fat content were measured. RESULTS: The @entity28 @entity19 without @entity5834 treatment had lower brain @entity1063 and @entity1425 levels than the lean controls. And there had no difference between @entity28 and lean @entity19 in brain levels of @entity750 , @entity2340 , and @entity1130 . @entity5834 treatment showed no effect on the food intake, but decreased the body fat content significantly in @entity28 @entity19 . @entity19 with @entity5834 treatment showed increase of the levels of brain neurotransmitters in both phenotypes; this effect was more predominant in @entity28 @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that the effect of @entity5834 to decrease body fat deposition in the @entity28 @entity19 might be associated with the recovered increases of sympathetic activity.

title: Effect of @entity5834 on the levels of brain @entity750 and @entity2922 in the @entity74 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine', 'Caffeine']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetically obese']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1130 :: ('CHEBI:27823', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Early pubertal timing predicts deleterious outcomes for young @entity1 , including substance use, risky @entity146 , and pregnancy. In turn, adolescent pregnancy predicts long-term negative consequences such as reduced educational attainment and income-earning potential. Despite evidence of the direct links between early puberty and negative outcomes, this study is the first to examine the role that @entity167 plays in the timing of sexual intercourse and pregnancy among early-maturing females. DESIGN: @entity1 were 666 females, aged 18 to 22 years, from 4 major ethnic groups in Arizona (non-Hispanic white, black, Latino, and Native American). All @entity1 included in the sample had experienced a pregnancy in their teens or early 20s. @entity1 completed a self-administered questionnaire that inquired about their timing of menarche, sexual initiation, first @entity167 use, and age at first pregnancy. A mediating model predicting age at pregnancy was tested by using path modeling. RESULTS: Early puberty was found to be associated with earlier age of @entity167 use and sexual initiation, which in turn predicted @entity2099 . Age at first sexual intercourse and age at first substance use significantly mediated the relation between age at menarche and age at first pregnancy. The results did not vary by ethnic group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who mature early are more likely to engage in early substance use and sexual intercourse, which in turn puts them at greater risk for adolescent pregnancy. It is important that health care providers are sensitive to the risks associated with early maturation among young @entity1 and provide preventive screening, education, and counseling related to @entity167 use and sexual initiation for this group.

title: Early puberty and adolescent pregnancy: the influence of XXXX use.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'girls', 'Girls']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['early pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behavior']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Developmental changes in @entity6806 splice variants and NR2 subunits of the @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor have been associated with changes in the sensitivity of @entity143 receptors to agonists, antagonists, and pharmacologic modulators. The authors have investigated changes in the effect of @entity5161 on @entity143 -gated currents from cultured cortical neurons with time in culture and related these changes to the subunit composition of the @entity143 receptors. METHODS: @entity1024 -gated currents were measured using whole-cell voltage clamp recording in cortical neurons cultured for 1-4 weeks and HEK 293 cells transiently expressing @entity6806 -1a + @entity11588 or @entity6806 -1a + @entity13069 subunit-containing receptors. @entity143 alone or @entity143 with treatment agents ( @entity5161 or @entity4320 ) was applied to cells using a U tube. RESULTS: The effect of @entity5161 and the @entity13069 selective antagonist @entity4320 on @entity143 -gated currents from cortical neurons decreased significantly with time in culture. @entity143 -gated currents mediated by @entity11588 -containing receptors were less sensitive to @entity5161 than those mediated by @entity13069 -containing receptors. Tachyphylaxis to repeated application of @entity5161 was found in cortical neurons and HEK 293 cells with recombinant @entity143 receptors. Hooked tail currents were induced by @entity5161 in cultured cortical neurons and HEK 293 cells with expressed @entity143 receptors. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5161 inhibits @entity143 -gated currents at concentrations well below 1 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). This effect of @entity5161 was subunit dependent with the @entity13069 -containing receptors more sensitive to @entity5161 than the @entity11588 -containing receptors. A potent tachyphylaxis occurred after brief exposure to @entity5161 .

title: Changes in the effect of @entity5161 on XXXX -gated currents in cultured cerebral cortical neurons with time in culture: evidence for subunit specificity.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity4320 :: ('MESH:C010739', 'Chemical') :: ['ifenprodil']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoflurane', 'isoflurane']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartic acid']


abstract: @entity28442 is a novel des-F(6) @entity1536 with enhanced in vitro activities against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. We compared the activity of @entity28442 with that of @entity36471 ( @entity29898 ) against @entity328 , together with their efficacies and their capacities to select for resistant mutants, in a @entity19 model of @entity697 . In vitro, @entity28442 was more potent than @entity29898 against wild-type @entity2260 and against a mutant with a single mutation ( @entity62448 ), a mutant with double mutations (gyrA and @entity62448 ), and a mutant with triple mutations (gyrA, @entity62448 , and parE). Swiss @entity19 were infected with 10(5) CFU of virulent, encapsulated @entity2260 P-4241 or its derived isogenic @entity62448 , gyrA, gyrA @entity62448 , and efflux mutants and 10(7) CFU of poorly virulent clinical strains carrying a parE mutation or gyrA, @entity62448 , and parE mutations. The drugs were administered six times, every 12 h, beginning at either 3 or 18 h postinfection. The pulmonary pharmacokinetic parameters in @entity19 infected with strain P-4241 and treated with @entity28442 or @entity29898 (25 mg/kg of body weight) were as follows: maximum concentration of drug in serum (C(max); 17.3 and 21.2 micro g/ml, respectively), C(max)/MIC ratio (288 and 170, respectively), area under the concentration-time curve (AUC; 48.5 and 250 microg. h/ml, respectively), and AUC/MIC ratio (808 and 2000, respectively). @entity28442 at 25 and 50 mg/kg was highly effective (survival rates, 85 to 100%) against the wild-type strain and mutants harboring a single mutation. @entity29898 was as effective as @entity28442 against these strains. @entity29898 at 200 mg/kg and @entity28442 at 50 mg/kg were ineffective against the mutant with the @entity62448 and gyrA double mutations and the mutant with the gyrA, @entity62448 , and parE triple mutations. The efficacy of @entity28442 was reduced only when strains bore several mutations for @entity1536 resistance.

title: Activities of XXXX against @entity1536 -resistant @entity328 strains in vitro and in a @entity19 pneumonia model.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2260 :: ('2104', 'Species') :: ['S. pneumoniae strain', 'S. pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity28442 :: ('MESH:C419689', 'Chemical') :: ['garenoxacin', 'Garenoxacin']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity36471 :: ('MESH:C080163', 'Chemical') :: ['trovafloxacin']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolone']

answer: @entity28442 :: (MESH:C419689,Chemical) :: ['garenoxacin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Activating mutations in the @entity817 oncogene are found in 8% to 15% of @entity14 @entity1 and have been associated with poor survival. In contrast with @entity817 -mutant (MT) @entity320 , inhibition of the MAPK pathway is ineffective in the majority of BRAFMT @entity14 @entity1 . Therefore, identification of novel therapies for BRAFMT @entity14 is urgently needed. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: BRAFMT and wild-type (WT) @entity14 models were assessed in vitro and in vivo. Small-molecule inhibitors of @entity16629 , MET, and HDAC were used, overexpression and siRNA approaches were applied, and cell death was assessed by flow cytometry, Western blotting, cell viability, and caspase activity assays. RESULTS: Increased @entity1916 - @entity4104 signaling was identified as a novel adaptive resistance mechanism to @entity8047 inhibitors (MEKi) in BRAFMT @entity14 models in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, MEKi treatment resulted in acute increases in transcription of the endogenous @entity8186 inhibitor @entity1182 in BRAFMT cells, but not in BRAFWT cells, and inhibition of @entity4104 activity abrogated MEKi-induced @entity1182 expression. In addition, treatment with @entity1182 -specific siRNA or HDAC inhibitors abrogated MEKi-induced upregulation of @entity1182 expression and resulted in significant increases in MEKi-induced cell death in BRAFMT @entity14 cells. Notably, combined HDAC inhibitor/MEKi treatment resulted in dramatically @entity5 growth in BRAFMT xenografts. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that @entity1916 / @entity4104 -dependent upregulation of @entity1182 expression is an important escape mechanism following MEKi treatment in BRAFMT @entity14 . Thus, combinations of MEKi with inhibitors of @entity1916 or @entity1182 (e.g., HDAC inhibitors) could be potential novel treatment strategies for BRAFMT @entity14 . Clin Cancer Res; 1-11.   2015 AACR.

title: HDAC Inhibition Overcomes Acute Resistance to @entity8047 Inhibition in XXXX -Mutant Colorectal Cancer by Downregulation of @entity1182 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['attenuated tumor']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity817 :: (673,Gene) :: ['BRAF']


abstract: The subcellular origin of membranes from @entity35 skeletal muscle that contain insulin-responsive @entity413 transporters was investigated. @entity35 skeletal muscle membranes were prepared by isopycnic centrifugation in @entity969 gradients. In vivo insulin treatment increased the content of @entity19617 @entity413 transporters in the 25% @entity969 fraction (enriched in the plasma membrane marker @entity14491 ) and decreased it in the 35% @entity969 fraction (devoid of plasma membrane markers). The possibility of endothelial cell membrane contamination in these fractions was investigated using a mouse monoclonal antibody, MRC OX-43, raised against a cell surface protein specific to @entity35 vascular endothelium. MRC OX-43 did not react with any of the muscle membrane fractions, but did recognize a protein of around 100 kDa in extracts of @entity1 endothelial cells and @entity35 aorta. An antibody to the @entity7236 receptor of skeletal muscle, IIC12, was used to determine the presence of transverse tubules in these fractions. IIC12 reacted positively with a 180-kDa protein in purified @entity35 transverse tubules. In contrast, this antibody did not cross-react with the 25% or 35% @entity969 fractions. The 25% @entity969 fraction was devoid of calsequestrin and @entity8452 receptor, cisternal sarcoplasmic reticulum markers. However, small amounts of these proteins were detected in the 35% @entity969 fraction. The results suggest that the 25% @entity969 fraction represents plasma membranes, while the 35% @entity969 fraction is an insulin-sensitive intracellular fraction that contains, but is not enriched in, sarcoplasmic reticulum cisternae. The results further show that insulin-induced recruitment of @entity19617 transporters in skeletal muscles can be demonstrated independently of @entity19617 recruitment in endothelial cells.

title: Characterization of @entity413 transporter-enriched membranes from XXXX skeletal muscle: assessment of endothelial cell contamination and presence of sarcoplasmic reticulum and transverse tubules.

entities_list: @entity7236 :: ('MESH:C038806', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The misuse of various chemicals in dentistry may cause @entity79 . In this case report, we describe @entity39 of the @entity604 caused by acid etching. A @entity1 whose caries on the cervical third of the root of his mandibular right first molar were treated 2 days earlier presented to our clinic with severe @entity158 and discomfort in the treated area. Intraoral examination revealed a spreading gingival ulceration and exposed alveolar bone. The @entity1 was followed and a week later, when the @entity32 had decreased, periodontal surgery was performed. A full-thickness flap was raised and @entity39 and bone were removed. As a result, only a narrow band of keratinized gingiva remained. To treat the @entity1464 and protect the underlying bone, a subepithelial connective tissue graft was placed during the same session. After the operation, the @entity1 "s complaints resolved. Subepithelial connective tissue graft can be an important treatment approach in cases of @entity39 and @entity1464 caused by the misuse of various chemicals.

title: Necrosis of XXXX caused by acid etching and its treatment with subepithelial connective tissue graft.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['gingival inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1464 :: ('MESH:D005889', 'Disease') :: ['gingival recession']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'necrotic gingiva']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['gingiva and alveolar bone']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['damage to gingiva and alveolar bone']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['gingiva and alveolar bone']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 cell interactions with the microenvironment, especially those of bone-marrow-derived myeloid cells, are important in various aspects of @entity5 @entity3 . Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been suggested to constitute @entity5 -favoring microenvironments. In this study, we elucidated a novel mechanism by which the MDSCs can mediate spontaneous distant @entity3 of @entity0 cells. METHODS: @entity19 @entity0 cells, 4T1 and EMT6, were orthotopically grafted into the mammary fat pads of syngeneic BALB/c @entity19 . @entity3804 (+)Gr-1(+) MDSCs in the spleen, liver, lung and @entity5 mass were analyzed. To evaluate the role of MDSCs in the distant @entity3 , MDSCs were depleted or reconstituted in @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . To evaluate whether MDSCs in the metastasizing @entity5 microenvironment affect @entity0 cell behavior, MDSCs and @entity5 cells were co-cultivated. To investigate the role of MDSCs in in vivo @entity3 , we blocked the interactions between MDSCs and @entity5 cells. RESULTS: Using a @entity19 @entity0 cell model, we showed that @entity19 @entity0 cells with high @entity777 expression recruited more MDSCs and that the metastasizing capacity of @entity5 cells paralleled MDSC recruitment in @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . @entity3 , but not non-metastasizing, @entity5 -derived factors induced MDSCs to increase @entity777 production and full activation of recruited MDSCs occurred in the @entity5 site and metastatic organ in the vicinity of metastasizing @entity5 cells, but not in lymphoid organs. In addition, @entity5 -expanded MDSCs expressed Adam-family proteases, which facilitated shedding of @entity777 receptor, thereby contributing to @entity0 cell invasiveness and distant @entity3 through @entity777 trans-signaling. The critical role of @entity777 trans-signaling was confirmed in both the afferent and efferent pathways of @entity3 . CONCLUSION: In this study, we showed that metastasizing @entity5 cells induced higher MDSCs infiltration and prompted them to secret exaggerated @entity777 as well as soluble @entity14168 , which, in turn, triggered a persistent increase of pSTAT3 in @entity5 cells. This @entity5 involving @entity777 trans-signaling directly affected @entity0 cell @entity146 , leading to spontaneous @entity3 .

title: A mutual activation loop between @entity0 cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells facilitates spontaneous XXXX through @entity777 trans-signaling in a @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'potential tumor-MDSC axis', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'murine', 'Murine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasizing']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: This study was designed to test the 1992 International Standards for Neurological and Functional Classification of @entity1566 . One hundred and six professionals in the field of @entity1566 attending an instructional course at the 1994 ASIA Meeting participated in the test. @entity1 completed a pretest and posttest in which they classified two @entity1 who had a @entity1566 (one with complete @entity1688 and one with incomplete @entity451 ) by sensory and motor levels, zone of partial preservation (ZPP), ASIA Impairment Scale and @entity130 . Between tests, three members of the ASIA Standards Executive Committee gave presentations on the neurological assessment, scoring, scaling and classification of @entity1566 and a video of the actual examinations of the two cases was viewed. Percent 'correct' (as defined by the ASIA Standards Committee) was calculated for sensory and motor levels, ZPP, ASIA Impairment and completeness. Overall, the analyses showed that @entity1 had very little difficulty in correctly classifying the @entity1 with complete @entity1688 . Pretests scores ranged from 72% (left motor level) to 96% (complete injury), posttest scores from 73% (left motor level) to 100% correct (complete injury). For the @entity1 with incomplete @entity451 (Case 2), scores were considerably lower. Pretest scores ranged from 16% (right motor level) to 95% correct ( @entity130 ); posttest scores from 21% (right motor level) to 97% correct ( @entity130 ). The results showed that further revisions of the 1992 Standards and more training is needed to ensure accurate classification of @entity1566 .

title: A test of the 1992 International Standards for Neurological and Functional Classification of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Cord Injury', 'spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['completeness of injury', 'incomplete injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['Spinal Cord Injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are part of a class of small ribonucleic acid (RNAs). They are important regulatory molecules, involved in several cell processes, such as developmental timing, stem cell division and apoptosis. Dysregulated miRNAs have been identified in several @entity1 @entity5 , including @entity150 tissue samples, and may confer a " @entity5 signature" that can be exploited for diagnostic purposes. We report on a prospective pilot study investigating the diagnostic capability of miRNAs in the urine of @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: Voided urine samples were collected from @entity1 with @entity189 just prior to @entity150 resection, as well as age-matched healthy control @entity1 . Pathology demonstrated both low- and high-grade @entity5 . Total RNA was isolated and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was performed on the RNA extracts using primers for 4 miRNAs shown previously to be dysregulated in solid @entity189 with @entity60709 as the endogenous control. Standard urine cytology was performed on all samples in a blinded fashion. RESULTS: Two miRNAs of interest were dysregulated in the urine from @entity5 @entity1 with miR-125b showing an average 10.42-fold decrease (p < 0.01) and @entity10013 showing an average 2.70-fold increase (p = 0.30) in the @entity5 samples compared to the normal controls. The sensitivity and specificity of the cytology on the same urine samples were 50% and 80%, respectively. Using these 2 miRNAs only, a decision-tree prediction model was generated for a validation cohort of @entity1 yielding a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 80%. DISCUSSION: This preliminary study of candidate urinary miRNA in @entity1 with low- and high-grade @entity5 demonstrated a significantly improved diagnostic accuracy over cytology. These results provide rationale for further studies on discovery and validation of candidate miRNAs in voided urine and may potentially lead to the development of a non-invasive and sensitive test for @entity150 diagnosis and prognosis.

title: A pilot study of urinary microRNA as a biomarker for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'urothelial cancer', 'malignancies', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'urothelial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'bladder tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['urothelial cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA) is widely used for local solitary @entity96 control. However, the benefit of RFA for @entity14 with @entity409 , which is refractory to chemotherapy, remains unknown.We retrospectively enrolled 70 consecutive @entity14 @entity1 , who had synchronous @entity409 , who were refractory to chemotherapy, and whose life expectancy was >6 months, into this study to investigate the outcomes of RFA and associated prognostic factors. RFA was introduced to all of these @entity1 during the enrollment. The time interval from RFA to recurrence of @entity409 and overall survival was recorded. Age, sex, carcinoembryonic antigen level, primary @entity5 location, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy regimens, and the size and number of metastatic @entity409 were recorded. Cox regression analysis was used to determine the prognostic significance.Thirty-nine @entity1 accepted RFA during chemotherapy, whereas 31 chose to receive chemotherapy alone. @entity1 with  <=5 and >5 @entity409 had median survival durations of 28 and 17 months, respectively (P=0.018). The dominant @entity96 size (<5 vs >= 5cm) was significantly associated with median survival (30 vs 17 months, respectively; P=0.038), as was the carcinoembryonic antigen level (35 vs 16 months for  <=200 vs >200ng/mL respectively; P=0.029). Besides, radiofrequency thermal ablation plus chemotherapy was associated with a better median overall survival than chemotherapy alone (29 vs 12 months, respectively; P=0.002). In multivariate analysis, only radiofrequency thermal ablation treatment and number of @entity96 were significant prognostic factors for survival. Our result further revealed that @entity1 treated with radiofrequency thermal ablation had longer progression-free intervals than those treated with chemotherapy alone (18 vs 9 months, respectively; P=0.001). Hence, radiofrequency thermal ablation is a safe and effective adjunct treatment to chemotherapy.

title: Local Control by Radiofrequency Thermal Ablation Increased Overall Survival in @entity1 With Refractory Liver Metastases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors', 'liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions', 'liver metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Progress in the development of surgical techniques has led to the growing use of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) techniques in mediastinal cyst treatment. AIM: To present our experience of treating @entity20068 with the minimally invasive technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty @entity1 with @entity20068 were treated from 2001 to 2011. There were 32 @entity1 and 18 @entity1 . The age of the @entity1 ranged from 17 to 72, the mean age being 42 years. All @entity1 underwent basic preoperative diagnostic tests of the chest: X-ray, computed tomography (CT), bronchoscopy and spirometry; 4 @entity1 underwent endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) and 3 fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the described lesions. RESULTS: The VATS was performed in each case. Conversion was carried out due to superior mediastinal location in 10 cases and @entity456 in 3 cases. The partial resection of a cyst was performed in 3 @entity1 . One @entity1 was treated conservatively due to @entity712 . In that @entity1 the transthoracic needle aspiration of a cyst under ultrasound guidance using alcoholisation with 76% @entity1068 with a good effect was performed twice. Cyst recurrence was observed in 1 case. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical access depends on the location of a cyst. The VATS resection of a superior mediastinal cyst is not always feasible. Surgery of @entity20068 is both diagnostic and curative.

title: Videothoracoscopy in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity20068 :: ('MESH:D008476', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinal cysts']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural adhesions']

answer: @entity20068 :: (MESH:D008476,Disease) :: ['mediastinal cysts']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intraabdominally insufflated @entity544 ( @entity515 ) during laparoscopy may have a specific effect on splanchnic circulation that may be unrelated to the effects of increased intraabdominal pressure alone. Therefore, the influences of insufflation with @entity515 versus air on splanchnic circulation were compared. METHODS: @entity1707 were chronically instrumented for continuous recording of mesenteric artery, portal venous, inferior vena cava, and pulmonary arterial blood flow and portal venous pressure. After induction of anesthesia, @entity515 or air was insufflated in 14 and 10 @entity1707 , respectively. With the @entity1707 in the supine position, intraabdominal pressure was increased in steps of 4 mmHg up to 24 mmHg by graded gas insufflation. RESULTS: During air insufflation, mesenteric artery vascular resistance was unchanged, whereas mesenteric arterial blood flow decreased with increasing intraabdominal pressure. Shortly after @entity515 insufflation to an intraabdominal pressure of 4 mmHg, mean arterial pressure, mesenteric arterial blood flow, and mesenteric arterial vascular resistance were increased by 21%, 12% and 9%, respectively. Subsequently, with the onset of @entity515 resorption in the third minute, mean arterial pressure declined to baseline values and mesenteric arterial vascular resistance declined to 85% of baseline values, whereas mesenteric arterial blood flow continued to increase to a maximum of 24% higher than baseline values. At steady-state conditions during @entity515 insufflation, mesenteric arterial blood flow was increased up to an intraabdominal pressure 16 mmHg but decreased at higher intraabdominal pressures. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to air insufflation, intraabdominal insufflation of @entity515 resulted in a moderate @entity450 at an intraabdominal pressure < or = 12 mmHg. At higher intraabdominal pressure values, pressure-induced changes became more important than the type of gas used.

title: Effects of intraabdominally insufflated XXXX and elevated intraabdominal pressure on splanchnic circulation: an experimental study in @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['splanchnic hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that a greater peak internal hip abduction moment is associated with a reduced likelihood of @entity571 ( @entity5040 ) progression. METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity1 with knee @entity5040 (by definite @entity5040 ) were evaluated. Baseline assessments included kinematic and kinetic gait parameters, obtained with an optoelectronic camera system and force platform, with inverse dynamics used to calculate 3-dimensional moments at the joints; @entity158 , using a separate visual analog scale for each knee; and alignment, using full-limb radiographs. Radiographs of the knee in a semiflexed position, with fluoroscopic confirmation of tibial rim alignment, were obtained at baseline and 18 months later. Disease progression was defined as worsening of the grade of medial joint space narrowing. Logistic regression obtained with generalized estimating equations was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for progression per unit of hip abduction moment, after excluding knees with the worst joint space grade at baseline (which could not progress). RESULTS: The 57 @entity1 (63% @entity1 ) with mild to moderate @entity5040 had a mean age of 67 years and a mean body mass index of 29. A greater internal hip abduction moment during gait was associated with a reduced likelihood of medial tibiofemoral @entity5040 progression, with OR/unit hip abduction moment of 0.52 and a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 0.32-0.85. This protective effect persisted after adjustment for age, sex, walking speed, knee @entity158 severity, physical activity, @entity893 severity, hip @entity5040 presence, and hip @entity5040 symptom presence, with an adjusted OR of 0.43 a 95% CI of 0.22-0.81. CONCLUSION: A greater hip abduction moment during gait at baseline protected against ipsilateral medial @entity5040 progression from baseline to 18 months. The likelihood of medial tibiofemoral @entity5040 progression was reduced 50% per 1 unit of hip abduction moment.

title: Hip abduction moment and protection against medial tibiofemoral XXXX progression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'osteophyte presence and symptoms']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['varus malalignment']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: Treatment with @entity4162 (ALCAR) has been shown to improve @entity1295 in @entity1 with @entity5815 , but there have been no trials on the effect of ALCAR for treating @entity1295 in @entity15 ( @entity15 ). To compare the efficacy of ALCAR with that of @entity7776 , one of the drugs most widely used to treat @entity15 -related @entity1295 , 36 @entity15 @entity1 presenting @entity1295 were enrolled in a randomised, double-blind, crossover study. @entity1 were treated for 3 months with either @entity7776 (100 mg twice daily) or ALCAR (1 g twice daily). After a 3-month washout period, they crossed over to the alternative treatment for 3 months. @entity1 were rated at baseline and every 3 months according to the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), the primary endpoint of the study. Secondary outcome variables were: Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS), Beck @entity308 Inventory (BDI) and Social Experience Checklist (SEC). Six @entity1 withdrew from the study because of adverse reactions (five on @entity7776 and one on ALCAR). Statistical analysis showed significant effects of ALCAR compared with @entity7776 for the Fatigue Severity Scale (p = 0.039). There were no significant effects for any of the secondary outcome variables. The results of this study show that ALCAR is better tolerated and more effective than @entity7776 for the treatment of @entity15 -related @entity1295 .

title: Comparison of the effects of @entity4162 and XXXX for the treatment of @entity1295 in @entity15 : results of a pilot, randomised, double-blind, crossover trial.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity4162 :: ('MESH:D000108', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl L-carnitine']

entities_list: @entity7776 :: ('MESH:D000547', 'Chemical') :: ['amantadine']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity7776 :: (MESH:D000547,Chemical) :: ['amantadine']


abstract: The posterior insular cortex of the @entity35 contains an area of cardiac chronotropic representation within which @entity591 sites occur rostrally to those producing @entity1168 . In the current study using @entity3652 -anesthetized @entity35 , the insular cortex was stimulated for 1 h using a phasic technique synchronized with the cardiac cycle. @entity591 was associated with an increase in plasma @entity1063 concentration; @entity1425 remained unchanged. This indicates a neural origin of the @entity1063 increment. The @entity591 response was completely blocked by @entity2165 . Plasma @entity2922 levels remained unchanged during stimulation of insular @entity1168 sites. @entity2165 was without effect during stimulation-induced @entity1168 which was completely blocked by @entity3897 . Total cardiac @entity1063 concentration inversely correlated with change in heart rate during stimulation of @entity591 sites. No correlation between intracardiac @entity2661 and heart rate variables was found for the @entity1168 or control sites. These results indicate that in the @entity3652 -anesthetized @entity35 , whereas insular stimulation-induced @entity591 is dependent on the sympathetic nervous system, @entity1168 elicited by insular cortex stimulation is mediated by parasympathetic mechanisms. No correlation was identified between renal or skeletal muscle @entity1063 levels and any heart rate parameter. This implies that the sympathetic effects of phasic insular microstimulation may be exerted mainly on cardiac nerves, and less so in other visceral beds.

title: Plasma and organ @entity2922 levels following stimulation of the XXXX insular cortex.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'Tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol', 'Atenolol']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define mechanisms accounting for @entity2319 in three @entity1 (two siblings, ages 3 and 6, and an unrelated @entity1 , age 15) when they become febrile. DESIGN: Audiometric tests (pure-tone audiometry, speech and sentence comprehension), tympanometry, middle ear muscle reflex thresholds, @entity392 ( @entity392 ), and electrophysiological methods (auditory brain stem responses [ABRs], sensory evoked potentials, peripheral nerve conduction velocities) were used to test the @entity1 when they were afebrile and febrile. RESULTS: ABRs, when afebrile, were abnormal with a profound delay of the IV-V and absence of waves I-III. The ABR in one of the @entity1 , tested when febrile, showed no ABR components. Measures of cochlear receptor function using @entity392 were normal in both febrile and afebrile states. Cochlear microphonic potentials were present in the three @entity1 , and a summating potential was likely present in two. When afebrile, there was a mild threshold elevation for all frequencies in the 15-yr-old and a mild elevation of thresholds for just low frequencies in the two siblings. Speech comprehension in quiet was normal but impaired in noise. One of the siblings tested when febrile had a profound elevation (>80 dB) of pure-tone thresholds and speech comprehension was absent. Acoustic reflexes subserving middle ear muscles and olivocochlear bundle were absent when febrile and when afebrile. No other peripheral or @entity129 were found in any of the @entity1 . Sensory nerve action potentials from median nerve in one of the @entity1 showed no abnormalities on warming of the hand to 39 degrees C. CONCLUSION: These @entity1 have an @entity2167 manifested by a @entity2167 in the presence of normal cochlear outer hair cell functions. They develop a conduction block of the auditory nerves when their core body temperature rises due, most likely, to a demyelinating @entity2167 . The @entity2167 in the two affected siblings is likely to be inherited as a @entity74 .

title: Transient XXXX due to temperature-sensitive @entity2167 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of the auditory nerve', 'auditory neuropathy', 'disorder of auditory nerve function']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['transient deafness']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['otoacoustic emissions', 'OAEs']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['recessive disorder']

answer: @entity2319 :: (MESH:D003638,Disease) :: ['deafness']


abstract: Even with specialized @entity130 systems, a significant number of @entity204 occur within the early postinjury period. Our goal was to examine @entity204 within this period for cause and determine if care could improve outcomes. A retrospective chart review was performed on all @entity1 who were dead on arrival or died within 4 hours of arrival between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2011. Survival probabilities and Injury Severity Score (ISS) were calculated. Chart review and @entity130 review processes were used to determine cases with opportunities for care improvement. Two hundred eighty-nine @entity1 were dead on arrival (DOA), and 176 @entity1 died within 4 hours of arrival. The most common mechanism of injury was gunshot wounds (68.4%). The most common causes of @entity204 were uncontrolled @entity548 (68.2%) and neurologic @entity130 (23.4%). Average ISS was 32. Twenty-nine @entity1 had survival probability percentages over 50. Ten of 176 (5.7%) @entity204 were found to have opportunities for care improvement. In three cases (1.7%), errors contributed to @entity204 . The majority of @entity130 @entity1 DOA or dying within 4 hours of hospital arrival have nonsurvivable injuries. Regular @entity130 review processes are invaluable in determining opportunities for care improvement. Autopsy information increases the reliability of the review process.

title: Patterns of early mortality after @entity130 in a neighborhood urban XXXX center: can we improve outcomes?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2690 resistance (IR) may be implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity731 in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) and be contributed to, in part, by free @entity1718 (FFAs), produced in @entity1144 individuals. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of IR and the relationships between FFAs, @entity1144 , and @entity731 in a cohort of prevalent RTRs. METHODS: Observational data were collected on 85 RTRs (mean age 54 years; 49% male, 87% Caucasian). @entity4053 serum was analyzed for FFAs, @entity413 , and @entity2690 ; IR was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) score. Vascular structure was assessed by carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ) measurement. Linear regression analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with IR and @entity731 . RESULTS: IR occurred in 75% of RTRs, and FFA levels were independently associated with its occurrence (beta: -0.55, 95% CI: -1.02 to -0.07, P = 0.02). Other variables independently associated with IR were male sex, body mass index, @entity1144 , @entity551 and corticosteroid use. There was a significant correlation between FFA levels and @entity121 (r = 0.3, P=0.01). On multivariate analysis, @entity121 correlated with elevated FFA (beta: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.02-0.12, P = 0.007), @entity6 (P = 0.05), older age (P < 0.002), and a body mass index >25 kg/m (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: FFAs are associated with the development of IR and may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity731 in RTRs. Additional studies are required to explore these associations further before considering whether an interventional trial aimed at lowering FFA would be a worthwhile undertaking.

title: Free XXXX are associated with obesity, @entity2690 resistance, and @entity731 in renal transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes, systolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['excess in centrally obese', 'central obesity']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: The clear-cell type of @entity157 is an uncommon variant of @entity157 that can be confused with other clear-cell @entity5 . We report on 4 cases of @entity1358 diagnosed by computed tomography (CT)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy. All 4 @entity1 were @entity1 with a median age of 71 yr (age range 66-76 yr). Three @entity1 presented with a solitary liver mass and no known extrahepatic primary @entity5 . The fourth @entity1 , previously diagnosed with non-A, non-B posttransfusion @entity99 , presented with an irregular firm liver and abnormal serum liver function tests. Cytologically, all cases were characterized by hypercellular smears consisting of loosely cohesive groups and individually scattered malignant cells demonstrating anisonucleosis, nuclear hyperchromasia and irregularity, prominent nucleoli, and abundant finely vacuolated to clear cytoplasm. Immunocytochemical staining in three cases revealed focal positivity of the malignant cells for cytokeratin ( @entity2278 ) and @entity160 in one case. Electron microscopy (EM) was performed in all cases and revealed ultrastructural features consistent with hepatocellular differentiation. The cytologic differentiation of @entity1358 from metastatic clear-cell @entity5 of @entity2670 , among others, is presented. In addition, EM and immunocytochemistry study of the aspirated material can aid in establishing the correct diagnosis, thereby facilitating appropriate clinical management.

title: Fine-needle aspiration cytomorphology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear-cell hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['renal, ovarian, and adrenal origin']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['clear-cell hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: A combination of oral @entity6237 and @entity2683 was given to 11 @entity1 in whom monotherapy with one of these drugs was ineffective for the suppression of inducible @entity2224 . In eight of 11 studies, combination therapy prevented inducibility of a sustained @entity1165 or resulted in induction of only nonsustained @entity591 (P = 0.0003, when compared to monotherapy). In one @entity1 , a slow @entity1165 was induced. During exercise testing @entity1165 occurred in two of these nine @entity1 , and @entity2224 in another @entity1 . Seven @entity1 received combination on the long term, for a mean of 18 months. One @entity1 had recurrences of @entity1165 which was well tolerated. Another @entity1 had a recurrent episode of @entity2224 , but was successfully resuscitated. Severe @entity712 occurred in two @entity1 . ACE inhibitors were given to them and to another four @entity1 . No other important unwanted effects occurred. The combination of @entity2683 and @entity6237 is very effective in suppressing inducible sustained @entity1165 . The efficacy of this combination to prevent recurrences of @entity1165 is acceptable. Exercise testing is of importance to unmask proarrhythmic effects before discharge from hospital.

title: Combination of XXXX and @entity2683 for the treatment of @entity1165 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2683 :: ('MESH:D008801', 'Chemical') :: ['mexiletine']

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['flecainide']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation', 'ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation']

answer: @entity6237 :: (MESH:D005424,Chemical) :: ['flecainide']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Functional neuroimaging studies have shown hyperresponsiveness of cortical areas to visual stimuli in @entity2704 @entity1 with aura outside of attacks. This may be a key feature in the @entity302 and possibly also @entity2704 @entity10 attacks. It is unknown if @entity409 is present at rest, i.e. in the absence of any external stimuli. Functional magnetic resonance imaging is a powerful technique for evaluating resting state functional connectivity, i.e. coherence of brain activity across cerebral areas. The objective of this study was to investigate resting-state functional brain connectivity in migraineurs with aura outside of attacks using functional magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS: Forty @entity1 suffering from @entity227 and 40 individually age and gender matched healthy controls with no history or family history of @entity2704 were investigated. Following advanced denoising, the data were analyzed both in a hypothesis-driven fashion, testing for abnormalities involving 27 different brain areas of potential relevance to @entity2795 including the cortical visual areas, the amygdala and @entity62 , and in a data-driven exploratory fashion (dual regression) in order to reveal any possible between-group differences of resting state networks. Age, gender, attack frequency and disease duration were included as nuisance variables. RESULTS: No differences of functional connectivity were found between @entity1 and controls. CONCLUSIONS: The previously reported increased cortical hyperresponsivity in the interictal phase of @entity2795 is unlikely to be caused by @entity75 . The @entity2795 may be abnormally functioning only during exposure to external stimuli.

title: No XXXX in the interictal phase of @entity2795 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['migraine with aura', 'interictal migraine aura brain']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['migraine with visual aura']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of intrinsic brain connectivity']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['initiation of aura episodes']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['peri-aqueductal grey matter']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['abnormalities of intrinsic brain connectivity']


abstract: From 1987 to 1989, 42 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity957 of the @entity135 (Stages III-IV, Mo) were randomized to receive radiotherapy (Group A) or three courses of induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy (Group B). There were 36 evaluable @entity1 , 17 in Group A and 19 in Group B. The radiotherapy regimen was the same for both groups, 66-74 Gy total @entity5 doses with standard fractionation scheme of 2 Gy/day. The chemotherapy regimen was a combination of @entity3003 400 mg/m2 by intravenous bolus injection on day 1, and Ftorafur 1,000 mg/m2 orally once a day for 14 days. Cycles were given every 4 weeks. The complete response rate in Group A was 65%; in group B it was 31.5% after induction chemotherapy and 84% after radiotherapy. The 42-month actuarial overall survival rates were 34% for Group A and 47% for Group B (P = NS). @entity1 from both groups with a complete response had a significantly longer survival time than those with a partial response (P less than 0.001). No significant differences in disease-free survival were found between the two treated groups. The chemotherapy regimen was well tolerated, with moderate @entity1503 . Increased in radiation @entity137 by chemotherapy was not observed.

title: Induction chemotherapy with XXXX and ftorafur in advanced @entity135 . A randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: Radiation therapy (RTx) has been employed as a curative therapy for @entity263 . @entity242 ( @entity242 ) are rare, late adverse events, representing less than 0.2% of all irradiated @entity1 . @entity242 are more aggressive @entity5 than @entity263 . Herein, we present a case with RTx-induced @entity1069 after permanent brachytherapy for @entity263 . A 69-year-old male presented with @entity3833 and gross @entity811 . Six years previously, he had been diagnosed with @entity263 and was treated by permanent brachytherapy. Urethroscopy showed stenosis by a @entity5 at the prostate. Transurethral prostatectomy was performed for a diagnosis. Based on pathological findings, the diagnosis was @entity1069 . He was treated with three cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy ( @entity17283 ) that consisted of @entity632 and @entity1260 (AI), followed by a prostatocystectomy with intrapelvic lymphadenectomy. The @entity5 extended from the prostate and infiltrated the bladder wall and serosa with lymphatic and venous invasion. The surgical margin was negative, and no residual @entity263 was observed. The proportion of @entity5 cells by neoadjuvant @entity17283 was around 50%. Subsequently, adjuvant @entity17283 was offered, but the @entity1 chose a follow-up without @entity17283 . Local recurrence and lung metastasis were detected by computed tomography 3 months after the surgery. He was treated again with AI. However, @entity17283 was not effective and he died 6 months after the operation. In conclusion, an effective treatment strategy for @entity1069 should be developed in the near future, although the clinical feature of @entity1069 remains unclear due to its rare incidence.

title: Radiation-induced XXXX after brachytherapy for @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic leiomyosarcoma', 'leiomyosarcoma of the prostate', 'prostatic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma', 'localized prostate cancer', 'prostatic adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['RISs', 'RTx-induced sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'necrotic tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity1069 :: (MESH:D053448,Disease) :: ['leiomyosarcoma of the prostate']


abstract: Outcome of @entity981 ( @entity981 ) in adults with central nervous system (CNS) disease at diagnosis is unclear. We treated 1508 de novo @entity981 @entity1 with 2-phase induction and then high-dose methotrexate with @entity4445 . @entity1 up to 50 years old in first remission ( @entity3432 ) with a @entity16223 ( @entity16223 ) underwent an allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ); the remainder in @entity3432 were randomized to an autologous @entity8 or intensive consolidation followed by maintenance chemotherapy. Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive @entity1 were offered a matched unrelated donor (MUD) allogeneic @entity8 . Seventy-seven of 1508 (5%) @entity1 a median age of 29 years had @entity149 at presentation; 13 of the 77 (17%) had Ph-positive @entity981 . Sixty-nine of 77 (90%) @entity1 attained @entity3432 . Thirty-six @entity1 underwent transplantation in @entity3432 (25 @entity16223 , 5 MUD, and 6 autografts). Eleven of 25 @entity1 with @entity16223 transplantation remain alive at 21 to 102 months, 2 of 5 with MUD at 42 and 71 months, and 1 of 6 with autologous @entity8 at 35 months. Seven of 27 treated with consolidation/maintenance remain in @entity3432 56 to 137 months after diagnosis. Overall survival at 5 years was 29% in those with CNS involvement at diagnosis versus 38% (P = .03) for those without. @entity149 in @entity981 is uncommon at diagnosis. Adult Ph-negative @entity981 @entity1 , however, can attain long-term disease-free survival using @entity8 as well as conventional chemotherapy.

title: Central nervous system involvement in adult XXXX at diagnosis: results from the international @entity981 trial MRC UKALL XII/ECOG E2993.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['adult ALL', 'ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS leukemia']

entities_list: @entity16223 :: ('MESH:D019973', 'Disease') :: ['matched related donor', 'MRD']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To establish the relationship between cognition, behavior, function, and clinical characteristics on the one hand, and the presence of primitive reflexes (PR) (pout, snout, palmomental and grasp) in @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ). DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Secondary care geriatric practice specializing in the assessment of @entity73 . SUBJECTS: 136 consecutive @entity1 presenting with @entity195 . MEASUREMENTS: PR were assessed in standardized fashion by a single clinician. Cognitive function was measured using the Standardized Mini-Mental Status Examination, activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were measured using the Lawton scale, and behavior was measured using the Behavioural Problem Checklist. RESULTS: There was no difference in age or duration of @entity303 in those with and without PR, nor was there any difference in cognitive function. Despite this, @entity1 with PR showed a greater degree of functional limitation and dysfunctional behavior. There was also a higher incidence of @entity2003 , @entity854 , and @entity1742 in @entity1 with PR. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with primitive reflexes had more severe impairment in ADL function and dysfunctional behavior for an equal level of cognitive function.

title: Clinical significance of primitive reflexes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['gait abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of complications of @entity34 ( @entity34 ) with @entity4936 in subfoveal @entity1940 secondary to age-related @entity1020 and pathologic @entity1714 . METHODS: In this retrospective interventional case series, the occurrence of complications after @entity34 in a clinical setting was analyzed. Consecutive medical records of @entity1 with age-related @entity1020 and pathologic @entity1714 treated with @entity34 were reviewed for complications. Complications included treatment-related systemic adverse events, injection site effects, and ocular adverse events. RESULTS: We included 273 @entity1 (198 with age-related @entity1020 and 75 with pathologic @entity1714 ) in the study. A total of 485 photodynamic treatment sessions were performed. Infusion-related back or @entity662 was reported by 6 @entity1 (2.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8%-4.7%). Injection site effects, extravasation, and photosensitivity reactions were not observed. @entity1353 and @entity1671 during infusion were observed in 2 @entity1 (0.7%; 95% CI, 0.09%-2.6%). @entity158 , @entity1353 , and elevated blood pressure were noted in 13 @entity1 (4.8%; 95% CI, 2.6%-8.0%). General @entity111 was described by 6 @entity1 (2.2%; 95% CI, 0.8%-4.7%), starting 4 hours after the infusion of @entity4936 , and resolved within 72 hours after @entity34 . A total of 8 @entity1 (2.9%; 95% CI, 1.3%-5.7%) reported an acute severe visual acuity decrease of at least 4 Early Treatment @entity6 Study lines occurring within 7 days of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Complications associated with @entity34 are uncommon, but there were limitations of retrospective studies for identifying safety problems. Complications like acute severe visual events may occur in about 3% of @entity1 . We believe that this risk is outweighed by the benefits of @entity34 on visual function in most @entity1 .

title: Complications after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity4936 :: ('MESH:C098350', 'Chemical') :: ['verteporfin']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularizations']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath', 'Dyspnea']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Body pain']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['photodynamic therapy', 'PDT']

answer: @entity34 :: (MESH:D016609,Disease) :: ['photodynamic therapy']