abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of @entity2331 and @entity170 with menopause and compare the health seeking behaviour of @entity1 related to menopause in different strata of society. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Three different socioeconomic strata of Karachi from May till August 2004. METHODOLOGY: A sample of 925 @entity1 , over 35 years of age, was selected from 16 clusters of 250 households (50 houses in each cluster). All apparently healthy @entity1 having age between 35 and 50 years were selected in the cluster houses. Those who were not willing to be the part of the study or giving history of taking treatment for any disease for more than 4 weeks were excluded. In-depth interviews were conducted at their houses by the fourth year medical students trained and supervised by the senior faculty of the Medical College. T-scores were calculated to get BMD (Bone Mineral Density) for all the subjects through heel ultrasound. RESULTS: A total of 287 @entity1 were found to be experiencing menopause. The mean age of menopause was 47.8+4.7 years. Out of those 287 @entity1 , 135 (47%) wanted their menses to continue and 235 (82%) had consulted a physician after menopause. There was a significantly lower score of BMD of postmenopausal @entity1 (mean=-1.833+0.65) compared to pre-menopausal @entity1 (mean=-1.597+0.60, p=0.016). Out of the 925 @entity1 interviewed, 53% had consulted a physician for various symptoms related to menopause. The symptoms experienced by pre-menopausal @entity1 included @entity25 (25%), fear of becoming sterile (13%) and @entity322 (18%). CONCLUSION: The average age of menopause was found to be similar to other studies of the country. Lower bone mineral density was found in greater proportion among older females. Majority needed intervention inclusive of awareness through health education and medication.

title: Association of menopause with @entity2331 and XXXX : results from population based study done in Karachi.

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['lack of sleep']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: AIM: To describe the associated ocular, neurologic, and systemic findings in a population of @entity1 with @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ) and to evaluate the relationship between ocular signs and neurologic findings. METHOD: A retrospective chart review of 53 @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity1781 seen between December 1998 and September 2012 was performed. All @entity245 , neuroradiologic findings, endocrinologic and systemic findings were recorded. @entity227 was defined as the visual acuity poorer than logMAR 1.0 or inadequate central steady maintained fixation. RESULTS: Thirty (56.6%) of the 53 @entity1 with @entity1781 were @entity1 . Mean age at presentation was 56.2  46.8 months (range; 3 months to 18 years). @entity227 defined for the purpose of this study was found in 47.2% of 53 @entity1 . Thirty-three (62.3%) @entity1 had @entity346 . Thirty-four (64.2%) @entity1 had strabismus. Thirteen (38.2%) of those with strabismus had @entity5971 , 20 (58.8%) had @entity5770 . The total number of the @entity1 with @entity245 was 22 (41.5%) in our study. CONCLUSION: The vision of young @entity1 with @entity1781 should be monitored at least annually, and any @entity2516 should be treated. @entity75 and endocrinologic evaluation is necessary in all cases with @entity1781 .

title: Ocular, Neurologic and Systemic Findings of the Cases with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Poor vision']

entities_list: @entity5770 :: ('MESH:D005099', 'Disease') :: ['exotropia']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive errors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Neuroimaging of the brain']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental deficit', 'neurodevelopmental anomalies']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve hypoplasia', 'ONH']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['Optic Nerve Hypoplasia']


abstract: @entity130 to great vessels are relative common in @entity130 practice. Blunt thoracic @entity130 may result in dissection @entity1317 . We herein present a late presentation of traumatic innominate artery @entity439 . A29-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity1353 to our emergency department. She had previous motor-vehicle accident a month before presentation for which had undergone chest tube insertion. She was diagnosed to have traumatic @entity438 resulting in @entity6184 resulting in acute life threatening @entity1576 . She underwent simultaneous @entity439 resection and tracheal reconstruction. She was uneventfully discharged from hospital. Any post-traumatic respiratory and @entity65 may propound an undiagnosed serious injury to the great vessels. Extra and repetitive imaging studies may help us in better evaluation of traumatized @entity1 with high energy mechanisms and sharp injuries to chest and neck.

title: Traumatic @entity438 in @entity6184 and Rapidly Progressive XXXX ; A Case Report and Literature Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['injury to aorta and innominate artery']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular symptoms']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic injuries', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm of innominate artery']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['Respiratory Failure']


abstract: There is evidence for a team-based approach in the management of @entity102 in primary health care. However, the standard of care is variable, probably reflecting the limited organisational capacity of health services to provide the necessary structured and organised care for this group of @entity1 . This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a structured intervention involving non-GP staff in GP practices on the quality of care for @entity1 with @entity6 or @entity65 . A cluster randomised trial was undertaken across 60 GP practices. The intervention was implemented in 30 practices with staff and @entity1 interviewed at baseline and at 12-15 months follow up. The change in team roles was evaluated using a questionnaire completed by practice staff. The quality of care was evaluated using the @entity1 Assessment of @entity102 Care questionnaire. We found that although the team roles of staff improved in the intervention practices and there were significant differences between practices, there was no significant difference between those in the intervention and control groups in @entity1 -assessed quality of care after adjusting for baseline-level score and covariates at the 12-month follow up. Practice team roles were not significantly associated with change in @entity1 Assessment of @entity102 Care scores. @entity1 with multiple conditions were more likely to assess their quality of care to be better. Thus, although previous research has shown a cross-sectional association between team work and quality of care, we were unable to replicate these findings in the present study. These results may be indicative of insufficient time for organisational change to result in improved @entity1 -assessed quality of care, or because non-GP staff roles were not sufficiently focussed on the aspects of care assessed. The findings provide important information for researchers when designing similar studies.

title: The Teamwork Study: enhancing the role of non-GP staff in XXXX management in general practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease', 'Chronic Illness']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic disease']


abstract: A novel hypothesis of @entity105 , the "fetal cell @entity105 " hypothesis, was established based on molecular evidence of @entity259 . In this hypothesis, @entity5 cells are derived directly from the remnants of fetal cells, instead of well-differentiated somatic cells by de-differentiation. For example, @entity259 cells are generated from three types of fetal thyroid cell, namely, thyroid stem cells (TSCs), thyroblasts, and prothyrocytes by proliferation without differentiation, which results in producing anaplastic, papillary, and @entity189 , respectively. Genomic alternations, such as @entity8958 /PTC and @entity15529 -PPARgamma1 rearrangements and a mutation in the @entity817 gene, play an oncogenic role by preventing thyroid fetal cells from differentiating. Fetal cell @entity105 effectively explains recent molecular evidence regarding @entity5 , including @entity5 stem cells, and it underscores the importance of identifying a stem cells and clarifying the molecular mechanism of organ development in @entity5 research. Further, it introduces two important concepts, the reverse approach and stem cell crisis. Analysis of the molecular behavior of a single cell will be a key technique in establishing future laboratory tests. On the other hand, mass analyses such as gene expression profiling, whole genomic scan, and proteomics analysis have definite limitations since they can only provide information based on many cells. In light of these aspects, we started a project to establish FACS-mQ (mRNA quantification after Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting). In FACS-mQ, cells are sorted by a specific gene expression pattern, and the gene expression profile in sorted cells can be easily analyzed.

title: [Fetal cell XXXX hypothesis and the prospect of future laboratory tests].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['follicular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer', 'thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have reported an increased risk of second @entity5 subsequent to @entity43 . However, there is no adequate data regarding such risk in @entity43 ( @entity43 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of subsequent second @entity5 among @entity1 with @entity43 . METHODS: BOT @entity1 treated in our center between December 1985 and April 2009 were retrospectively screened for developing second @entity5 during follow-up period. RESULTS: There were 96 @entity1 diagnosed with BOT. Mean age at the time of diagnosis was 47    14.3, ranging from 19 to 79. Eighty-eight (91.6%) @entity1 had stage I disease, two @entity1 (2.1%) had stage II and six (6.2%) had stage III. Twenty-five (26.0%) @entity1 received @entity902 -based adjuvant chemotherapy. Mean follow-up time was 96.5    442 months (range: 9-280 months). There were ten (10.4%) recurrences. Only one @entity1 developed second @entity5 . Second @entity5 observed in this case was basal cell carsinoma of the eyelid, which was diagnosed 2 years after @entity66 . There were no @entity1 with common @entity1 's @entity5 such as @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings do not suggest increased risk of subsequent @entity5 in @entity1 with BOT. However, population-based studies are needed for evaluating exact risk of developing second @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity43 .

title: Second @entity5 following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['borderline ovarian tumors', 'invasive epithelial ovarian cancer', 'BOTs']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast and colorectal cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary malignancies', 'primary cancers', 'cancers', 'primary cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['borderline ovarian tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hospital prognosis of moderate to severe @entity2294 ( @entity9236 ; >= 10 mm) in ST-elevation @entity583 is largely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data from 446 ST-elevation @entity583 @entity1 , 228 with @entity9236 -88 with @entity2293 ( @entity2293 ) and @entity4785 ( @entity4785 ), 44 with @entity2293 without @entity4785 (w/oEMD), and 96 without initial @entity2293 -and 218 with small PE (5 to 9 mm), were compared. @entity1 with @entity9236 without initial @entity2293 were also compared with 96 @entity1 without PE. @entity2293 @entity1 showed larger PE (P<0.001) than those without initial @entity2293 ; 85% of those with @entity2293 + @entity4785 and 86% with CTw/oEMD were treated with pericardiocentesis and 10% and 21% were treated with a surgical repair, respectively. Among @entity9236 @entity1 , 30-day mortality was 43% and was higher in those with @entity2293 + @entity4785 (operated, 89%; and nonoperated, 85%) than in those with CTw/oEMD (22% and 11%, respectively; P<0.001) and those without initial @entity2293 (17%; P<0.001). It was also higher than in @entity1 with small PE (10%; P<0.001) or those without PE (6%; P=0.001). @entity204 was attributable to @entity7086 in 83% of @entity1 with @entity2293 + @entity4785 , 7% with CTw/oEMD, and 8% with @entity9236 without initial @entity2293 and occurred late (>= 7 days) in 14%, 67%, and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9236 carries an increased mortality that is highest in @entity1 with @entity2293 + @entity4785 . In those with CTw/oEMD, however, mortality is considerably low after pericardiocentesis, and subsequent management may be individualized because a conservative approach is often successful. Importantly, @entity9236 @entity1 without initial @entity2293 are not free from late @entity397 and deserve further investigation.

title: Hospital outcome of moderate to severe XXXX complicating ST-elevation acute @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7086 :: ('MESH:D006341', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac rupture']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['CT', 'cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity4785 :: ('MESH:D004213', 'Disease') :: ['EMD', 'electromechanical dissociation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity2294 :: (MESH:D010490,Disease) :: ['pericardial effusion']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and safety of @entity1341 compared with @entity3303 in local anesthesia of nasopharynx through meta-analysis. METHODS: A number of medical literature data bases were searched electronically. Relevant journals and references of included studies were manually searched. Two reviewers independently performed data extraction and quality assessment. RESULTS: Four studies were included. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores, acceptable discomfort, and @entity548 scores were analyzed for @entity1341 versus @entity3303 . When considering the VAS scores, @entity1341 as a local anesthetic agent was better than @entity3303 in controlling the @entity158 of postoperative @entity1 (p < 0.00001). From VAS scores of @entity1 for transnasal fiberoptic nasopharyngolaryngoscopic examination that was performed to evaluate upper airway structures, @entity3303 was found to be better at @entity158 management in @entity1 who underwent transnasal endoscopic examination (p < 0.00001). However, when analyzing the acceptable discomfort of @entity1 who underwent upper @entity344 , which serves as a valuable tool to evaluate upper @entity344 , the @entity1 in the @entity1341 group demonstrated a higher acceptable discomfort than the @entity1 in the @entity3303 group (p = 0.008). With regard to the @entity548 scores of the @entity1 with nasal surgery, @entity3303 was better at @entity548 in postoperative @entity1 compared with @entity1341 (p = 0.0007). These results indicated that @entity1341 showed @entity158 control of postoperative @entity1 and acceptable discomfort in @entity1 with upper @entity344 . @entity3303 had a significantly increased ability the @entity158 of @entity1 with transnasal fiberoptic nasopharyngolaryngoscopic examination and @entity548 in postoperative @entity1 . No systemic adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: @entity1341 was found to have better promotion to @entity158 control than did @entity3303 for the @entity1 after nasal surgery. @entity3303 had a significantly increased inhibition of @entity548 in these postoperative @entity1 ; however, the efficacy between @entity1341 and @entity3303 was unclear for the @entity1 who had transnasal endoscopic examinations.

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity1341 versus XXXX in local anaesthesia of the nasopharynx: A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy', 'gastrointestinal structures']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine', 'Bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine', 'lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['better pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: To clarify the role of @entity1943 (SRIF) in pulsatile @entity11249 secretion, profiles of the hormone release from intact anterior pituitaries of male @entity35 were examined in an in vitro perifusion system. Infusion of @entity1 (h) @entity7704 (0.1 microM) into the perifusion system for 10 min stimulated GH release, which peaked within 30-40 min. Two hours after the first stimulation, when basal GH release had not yet fallen to the original levels, the response to a second @entity7704 stimulation was attenuated to as low as 47.7 +/- 10.0% (+/- SE) of the first response. However, when GH release after the first stimulation had returned to the basal level after the first stimulation had returned to the basal level after perifusion with the medium for 3 h, the second response to @entity7704 was restored to a level similar to that of the first response. In contrast, when SRIF (0.1 microM) was infused for 50 min 1 h after the first stimulation to lower the GH baseline, the second response to @entity7704 was also restored to the level of the first response. Neither SRIF infusion after the first @entity7704 stimulation nor infusion of SRIF without @entity7704 caused any rebound increase in GH release after cessation of the perifusion. To determine whether SRIF exerts a direct action on the GH response, a prestimulatory perifusion with SRIF (0.1 microM) for 50 min was performed. The treatment tended to facilitate the pituitary response to @entity7704 . When 50-min pretreatment with SRIF at a lower concentration (0.05 microM) was given, a significantly facilitated response to the first @entity7704 stimulation (0.05 microM) was observed. These results suggest that 1) SRIF perifusion rapidly restores the attenuated response to a second @entity7704 challenge by lowering GH release to basal levels; and 2) SRIF pretreatment facilitates the GH response to the first @entity7704 challenge.

title: @entity1943 rapidly restores @entity35 @entity11249 ( @entity11249 ) release response attenuated by prior exposure to XXXX GH-releasing factor in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity409 in @entity1 with @entity8703 represent the main factor of adverse prognosis in this @entity5 type and thus have a strong effect on the therapeutic strategies. Currently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the modality of choice for the noninvasive, in vivo detection of liver metastases. Dedicated MRI protocols suitable for following liver lesion evolution on an experimental model of endocrine @entity5 could be valuable. An experimental animal model mimicking the clinical situation of @entity6831 has been designed. The goal of this study was to characterize @entity409 in this athymic nude @entity19 model and assess the detection sensitivity of MRI using a physiological gating strategy optimized for high magnetic fields. The experiments were performed at 7 T using a dual cardiac-respiratory-triggered multiple spin-echo sequence. This protocol was used to carry out a longitudinal follow-up of @entity99 in a group of eight @entity19 at different stages: Day 7 (D7), Day 12 (D12), Day 17 (D17) and Day 24 (D24). The @entity99 ( @entity99 ) was quantified using an adaptive segmentation procedure based on a dual-reference limit. Mean transverse relaxation time T(2) values were quantified from multiple spin-echo images. The first lesions were detected at stage D12 on images with 20-ms TE. From D12, the @entity99 increased significantly with stage. The mean T(2) values also increased significantly at D17 and D24. In conclusion, the level of detection and characterization of @entity409 were performed using a devoted protocol with a dedicated high-field MRI synchronization strategy. In future studies, MRI could be used to monitor the effects of targeted therapies on liver endocrine metastases in preclinical animal models.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging follow-up of liver growth of @entity5 in an experimental XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity8703 :: ('MESH:D004701', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) endocrine tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions', 'Liver metastases']

entities_list: @entity6831 :: ('MESH:D004673', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic dissemination']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['HLVF', 'hepatic lesions', 'hepatic lesion volume fraction']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: In an attempt to determine whether @entity1 treated for @entity0 with radical or modified radical mastectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy benefit from postoperative radiotherapy, 400 @entity1 with @entity0 who received adjuvant chemotherapy based on the combination of @entity632 and Cytoxan were analyzed retrospectively. Prognostic features which predicted a high risk of isolated local-regional relapse were identified. Thirty-eight percent of these @entity1 were also treated with postoperative radiation in addition to adjuvant chemotherapy and were compared to those @entity1 treated only with adjuvant chemotherapy. With a median follow-up of 60 months, 15% of the @entity1 reviewed developed local-regional disease as the first site of relapse without concommitant systemic relapse. When examined univariately, stage of disease, @entity5 size, nodal status, and @entity172 receptor status were strong prognostic variables. Age, cell type, location of @entity5 within the breast, menstrual status, radiation dose, and type of treatment were not significantly related to isolated local-regional relapse. However, @entity1 who received postoperative radiation were significantly more advanced in their disease condition. When the factors were examined multivariately, the type of treatment along with stage of disease were found to be statistically significant prognostic indicators. About half of the @entity1 were tested for @entity172 receptor status. Multivariate analysis performed on this subset of @entity1 showed that @entity172 receptor status, type of treatment, and axillary nodal status were significant predictors of the risk of isolated local-regional relapse. This study suggests that @entity1 treated with mastectomy and @entity632 and @entity786 -based adjuvant chemotherapy may benefit from postoperative radiation in reducing the risk of isolated local-regional recurrence.

title: Local-regional recurrence in @entity0 after mastectomy and XXXX -based adjuvant chemotherapy: evaluation of the role of postoperative radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Stages II-III breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['Cytoxan']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['adriamycin']


abstract: Claudins are a family of transmembrane tight junctions proteins. It is proven that claudins undergo structural and functional alteration in malignant cells. However, very few researches are pursued on this topic, the data provided by different researchers are controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate expression of tight junction proteins in @entity5 and @entity1586 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Specimens of 32 @entity14 and biopsy specimens of 86 polypoid lesions of the colon and rectum were selected from diagnostic material. @entity1127 were divided into 6 groups following the 2010 WHO classification of @entity1049 . Immunohistochemical labeling with @entity3670 , @entity14187 and @entity17290 antibodies was performed in all cases. We used G. Sheehan et al. (2007) method to evaluate the expression of claudins in @entity5 as well as in adjacent normal mucosa in each slide. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining with claudins antibodies had membranous pattern; claudins expression in adjacent normal mucosa was uniformly close to maximum. Serrated lesions showed the lowest level of expression of @entity3670 among other groups (p<0,05). In the group of @entity420 we found moderate negative correlation between @entity3670 expression level and grade of @entity420 . @entity14187 expression level was significantly higher in @entity420 compared to serrated lesions (p=0,025) and in conventional @entity652 compared to serrated lesions (p=0,034). Expression of @entity17290 was strong in most cases, except for tubular @entity652 that showed moderate expression in most cases. CONCLUSION: We found no statistically significant difference between levels of expression of @entity3670 , @entity14187 and @entity17290 expression levels among @entity420 , @entity1127 , sessile serrated @entity652 , traditional serrated @entity652 , @entity4434 . But we detected significant difference after enlargement of the groups. This fact may argue for general development pathway of @entity1127 and sessile serrated @entity652 , and of @entity4434 . Expression of @entity3670 and @entity14187 revealed difference of serrated lesions from conventional @entity652 and @entity420 , that confirms conception of independent   serrated   pathway of cancerogenesis.

title: [  xpression of claudin-1, 3, and 4 in @entity14 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic polyps', 'Polyps']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['benign polyps of the colon and rectum']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity4434 :: ('MESH:D005198', 'Disease') :: ['tubular and tubular-villous adenomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesions of the colon and rectum']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['polyps']


abstract: This workshop was organized to discuss the current state of research on anticarcinogenic protease inhibitors with regard to their potential use as @entity1 @entity5 chemopreventive agents. Previous studies have indicated that protease inhibitors can be powerful anticarcinogenic agents for animals and cells in culture and that @entity1 populations known to have high concentrations of protease inhibitors in the diet have low overall @entity5 mortality rates. In the workshop discussions, emphasis was placed on certain dietary protease inhibitors, such as the @entity1460 -derived Bowman-Birk inhibitor and chymotrypsin inhibitor 1 from @entity415 and some of the highly purified protease inhibitors of microbial origin provided by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, which have already been shown to contain anticarcinogenic activity in laboratory studies. Potential adverse side effects of dietary protease inhibitors were also considered, specifically, their possible effects on the pancreas and in causing decreased growth rates in young organisms. It was pointed out that the pancreata of a few species, notably @entity35 and chicks, are extraordinarily sensitive to dietary protease inhibitors. @entity35 fed diets containing high concentrations of @entity1460 -derived protease inhibitors (raw soy flour) had enlarged pancreata; increased pancreatic growth is thought to accelerate @entity5 development in the pancreas. The effect of raw soy flour on the growth of the @entity35 pancreas has not been shown to occur in most other species tested (examples include hamsters, @entity19 , @entity235 , @entity1707 , and monkeys) and is not expected to occur in @entity1 . There is no evidence that dietary protease inhibitors have adverse effects on the @entity1 pancreas. In fact, it has been observed that @entity1 populations with high levels of dietary protease inhibitors have decreased rates of @entity788 . Dietary concentrations of protease inhibitors which have been shown to be anticarcinogenic have not produced decreased growth rates in animals or any type of pancreatic pathology. In general, there was a high level of enthusiasm at the workshop for the further development of protease inhibitors as chemopreventive agents. Recommendations for future research include: (a) research and development of sources of protease inhibitors; (b) analysis of @entity1 foods for protease inhibitor content; (c) evaluation of @entity5 incidence data in relation to protease inhibitor content and characteristics in the diet of @entity1 populations; (d) animal studies on the efficacy of protease inhibitors in @entity5 prevention; and (e) studies on the mechanism of action of anticarcinogenic protease inhibitors.

title: Workshop report from the Division of @entity5 Etiology, National XXXX Institute, National Institutes of Health. Protease inhibitors as @entity5 chemopreventive agents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: Pharmaceutical compounds are found in secondary treated effluents up to microg L(-1) levels and therefore discharged into surface waters. Since the long term effects of these compounds on the environment and @entity1 health are, to date, largely unknown, implementation of advanced treatment of wastewaters is envisaged to reduce their discharge. This is of particular relevance where surface waters are used as drinking water sources and when considering indirect potable reuse. This study aimed at assessing the removal of organic micropollutants and the concurrent reduction of their biological activity in a full scale reclamation plant treating secondary effluent. The treatment consists of 6 stages: denitrification, pre-ozonation, coagulation/flocculation/dissolved air flotation and filtration (DAFF), main ozonation, activated @entity505 filtration and final ozonation for disinfection. For that purpose, representative 24-hour composite samples were collected after each stage. The occurrence of 85 compounds was monitored by LC/MS-MS. A battery of 6 bioassays was also used as a complementary tool to evaluate non-specific @entity137 and 5 specific toxic modes of action. Results show that, among the 54 micropollutants quantified in the influent water, 50 were removed to below their limit of quantification representing more than 90% of concentration reduction. Biological activity was reduced, depending on the specific response that was assessed, from a minimum of 62% ( @entity5874 response) to more than 99% (estrogenicity). The key processes responsible for the plant's performances were the coagulation/flocculation/DAFF, main ozonation and activated @entity505 filtration. The effect of these 3 processes varied from one compound or bioassay to another but their combination was almost totally responsible for the overall observed reduction. Bioassays yielded complementary information, e.g. estrogenic compounds were not detected in the secondary effluent by chemical analysis, but the samples had an estrogenic effect. The main ozonation formed oxidation by-products of the organic micropollutants but decreased the level of non-specific @entity137 and other specific toxic modes of action, demonstrating that the mixture of oxidation by-products was less potent than the mixture of the parent compounds for the considered effects.

title: Removal of micropollutants and reduction of biological activity in a full scale reclamation plant using ozonation and activated XXXX filtration.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: A review of the literature suggests mixed findings on the effects of prenatal antidepressants. Although the critical question is the relative effects of @entity308 versus antidepressants during pregnancy, randomized control studies do not exist for this comparison. Instead, nondepressed, nontreated control groups have been used for comparisons. Separate studies suggest that both untreated @entity308 and exposure to antidepressants have been associated in some cases with unfavorable outcomes. Studies on long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes for @entity1 have also been inconclusive. Another problem for the mother and fetus is the discontinuation of antidepressants. Research on the selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) suggests that late pregnancy exposure may have worse effects than first and second trimester exposure, leading to the @entity6767 . Still other data suggest a dual syndrome of abstinence/withdrawal and of serotonergic overstimulation, with symptoms of the two syndromes being very similar. Several confounding factors have contributed to this mixed literature including the already mentioned lack of a depressed, nonantidepressant control group as well as group variability on the types of SSRIs taken and severity of their effects, and limited longitudinal follow-up data. Future research would not only need to correct these problems but also further explore the different trimester effects and the withdrawal versus @entity750 activity effects on the @entity1 . In addition, alternative therapies need to be explored for their potential antidepression effects on the pregnant @entity1 , the fetus, and the neonate.

title: Prenatal @entity308 and selective XXXX reuptake inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'woman', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6767 :: ('MESH:D009357', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal abstinence syndrome']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: massage can help relieve @entity158 , although empirical evidence is scarce and contradictory. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a massage protocol in relieving @entity158 in @entity1 hospitalized with @entity5 . METHODS: a randomized, controlled, and single-blind trial was performed in a sample of 52 @entity1 aged between 10 and 18 years who were hospitalized in a @entity5 ward. The intervention consisted of the implementation of a massage protocol with three sessions of 20 to 30minutes on alternate days over a one-week period. The effectiveness of the protocol was evaluated by assessing @entity158 using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), while the effectiveness of each massage session was measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). RESULTS: the massage protocol was only effective in reducing the interference of @entity158 in walking (p<0.05), although it also contributed to relieve @entity158 and its impact on the @entity1 's activities. After each massage session, the intensity of the @entity158 experienced by the @entity1 decreased (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: despite the small sample size, massage therapy appears to be a useful intervention in reducing @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity5 . However, there are still questions regarding the effectiveness of this massage protocol. The authors recommend its use due to its contribution to the promotion of the @entity1 's well-being and quality of life.

title: Massage in XXXX with @entity5 : effectiveness of a protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric cancer', 'cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess how @entity1 from a district general hospital population were affected on a short-term basis after posterior capsule (PC) @entity397 during phacoemulsification @entity231 surgery. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, United Kingdom. METHODS: This retrospective audit encompassing a 2-year period evaluated the incidence of @entity397 and its outcomes. Details of the @entity1 ' age, preoperative and final postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), ocular comorbidity, surgeon grade, number and duration of follow-up reviews, and @entity260 were collected. RESULTS: Over the 2-year period, the @entity397 rate was 1.7% (45 PC ruptures in 2727 phacoemulsification @entity231 procedures). Thirty-eight eyes (84.4%) achieved a final BCVA of 6/12 or better. In 39 eyes (86.7%), final BCVA improved compared with BCVA at presentation. Mean duration of follow-up was 11.7 weeks. The most common extra procedure was anterior vitrectomy (64.4%). The most common @entity260 was raised intraocular pressure (IOP) (exceeding 30 mm Hg) on the first postoperative day (20.0%) despite additional @entity3791 as prophylaxis. None developed @entity281 . Apart from 1 @entity1713 (2.2%) at week 27, all complications resolved by 19 weeks. No @entity1 required additional long-term medication at the final visit. CONCLUSION: Posterior capsule @entity397 impacted on the @entity1 in the short-term in terms of additional surgical procedures, additional topical and oral medications, and number and duration of follow-up reviews. Most @entity1 recovered an acuity of 6/12 or better. However, it is important to be vigilant of @entity260 , especially raised IOP on the first postoperative day.

title: Effect and outcomes of posterior capsule XXXX in a district general hospital setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infective endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture', 'PC rupture']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of specific @entity75 of @entity2916 ( @entity2916 ) and neurological outcome in cases diagnosed prenatally with @entity299 . METHODS: We reviewed all fetuses diagnosed prenatally with @entity299 which had undergone detailed ultrasound evaluation and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and which were recorded in the database of a single institution covering the period January 1992 to December 2005. RESULTS: Fifty-one fetuses were included in the study. MRI was performed at a mean +/- SD gestational age of 30 +/- 3 gestational weeks and showed specific lesions of @entity2916 in 49% of cases. Termination of pregnancy was chosen by the parents in 26 cases. Neurological development was studied in 20 cases, follow-up lasting 4.8 +/- 2.9 years. Neurodevelopmental events occurred during the follow-up period in 45% of cases. @entity16 occurred in 67% of @entity1 who had @entity75 at MRI and in 33% of @entity1 with normal MRI results. There was no significant difference between the two groups of @entity1 (P = 0.2). CONCLUSION: In fetuses with @entity299 detailed ultrasound examination and third-trimester cerebral MRI are able to diagnose most @entity75 , but fail to determine neurological outcome.

title: Prenatal diagnosis of @entity299 : incidence of associated XXXX of @entity2916 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['TSC cerebral lesions', 'cerebral lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis complex', 'TSC']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac rhabdomyomas']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['cerebral lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Life-threatening situations after @entity1230 which require interruption of the diagnostic algorithm and immediate surgical treatment after admission are a challenge for the multidisciplinary @entity130 team. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence, causes, implications and relevance of life-threatening situations for major @entity130 @entity1 after admission to @entity130 centers. @entity1 AND METHODS: Data of 12,971 @entity1 listed in the German @entity130 Register of the German Society for @entity130 Surgery (DGU, 2002-2007) were analyzed. @entity1 with an injury severity score (ISS) > 16, no isolated @entity542 and primary admission to a @entity130 center were included. Data were allocated according to @entity1 where the diagnostic algorithm in the resuscitation room was interrupted to perform emergency surgery (group Notop, n = 713, 5.5%) and @entity1 who received early surgical care after completed diagnostics (group Fr  hop, n = 5,515, 42.5%). Comparative parameters were the pattern and severity of injury, physiological state and clinical outcome. RESULTS: @entity1 receiving emergency surgery showed an average ISS score of 39    15 points, whereas @entity1 receiving early surgery showed an average ISS of 31    12 points. On admission @entity1 in the emergency surgery group (44%) suffered from @entity1457 considerably more often than @entity1 in the early surgery care group (15%, p < 0.001). This was indicated by the significant differences in systolic blood pressure on admission, amount of preclinical substituted volume, base excess on admission and substituted erythrocyte concentrates in early clinical course. Mortality was 46% in the emergency surgery group and 13% in the early surgical care group (p < 0.001). @entity130 ( @entity26460 ) of the thorax, abdomen and extremities (including the pelvis) were encountered considerably more often in the emergency surgery group. There was no statistical difference in occurrence of severe @entity542 between the groups. Emergency surgery consisted of 50.5% laparatomy, 19.8% craniotomy, 10.0% thoracotomy and 9.3% pelvic surgery. CONCLUSION: Life-threatening situations after major @entity130 which require immediate surgical intervention in the resuscitation room rarely occur in Germany. Nevertheless, they are associated with a high mortality and prolonged and complex clinical course if primarily survived. Indications and decision-making processes of these challenging situations have to be practiced with standardized algorithms and should be considered for the future education of orthopedic surgeons in Germany.

title: [Interruption of the diagnostic algorithm and immediate surgical intervention after major @entity130 --incidence and clinical relevance. Analysis of the XXXX Register of the German Society for @entity130 Surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic shock']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries', 'head injury']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple trauma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Severe injuries', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if the findings of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) are associated with clinical and laboratory tests routinely used in the late follow-up of @entity1 undergoing surgical treatment of @entity1700 ( @entity1700 ). METHODS: From January 2002 to December 2007, 12 @entity1 operated due to CATVP were evaluated with history, physical examination, chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, echocardiography and MSCT. Specific changes observed in each one of these tests were identified and compared with MSCT qualitative findings. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 were in functional class I (NYHA), three had nonspecific murmurs, and three were below the 15th percentile of weight and height. Two had @entity358 and three had a slight increase of the cardiac area in the X-ray examination. In the electrocardiogram, one @entity1 had @entity4266 and one had junctional rhythm. All echocardiograms were within the normal range, except for one @entity1 with stenosis between the superior vena cava and right atrium. MSCT was completely normal in four @entity1 , three had compression of the pulmonary veins and four had significant caliber reduction, which correlated with the other findings. Thus, MSCT showed a sensitivity of 87.5%, specificity of 0.75%, positive predictive value of 87.5%, negative predictive value of 75% and accuracy of 83.3% to demonstrate anatomic changes compared to changes in the physical examination or other additional tests. CONCLUSION: MSTC may provide valuable information and complement the diagnosis of possible anatomical and functional changes in the late follow-up of @entity1 undergoing surgical repair of @entity1700 .

title: Computed tomography in late evaluation of surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['total anomalous pulmonary venous connection', 'TAPVC']

entities_list: @entity4266 :: ('MESH:D018497', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular overload']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary field abnormalities']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary veins total anomalous connection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze the benefits and safety associated with the combination therapy of @entity1397 and @entity117 among minor @entity64 or transient @entity63 @entity1 treated within 12  hours. METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a subanalysis of the CHANCE ( @entity1397 in High-Risk @entity1 with @entity697 Cerebrovascular Events) trial, mainly limited to the prespecified group of @entity1 randomized within 12  hours to either the combination of @entity1397 plus @entity117 or @entity117 alone. The primary outcome was @entity385 during 90-day follow-up. Recurrent @entity385 and progressive @entity385 were analyzed. Multivariable Cox modeling showed that randomization within 12  hours was an independent predictor of @entity385 events (hazard ratio [95% CI] 1.25 [1.04-1.49], P=0.02). Among 2573 @entity1 randomized within 12  hours, 282 (10.96%) @entity1 had @entity385 events. Among them, 158 (12.34%) of 1280 @entity1 taking @entity117 experienced @entity385 compared with 124 (9.59%) of 1293 @entity1 taking @entity1397 - @entity117 (P=0.02). The dual antiplatelet was more effective than @entity117 alone in reducing the risk of recurrent @entity385 (6.57% versus 8.91%, P=0.03) but not progressive @entity385 (3.02% versus 3.43%, P=0.28). There was no significant difference in hemorrhagic events (P=0.39). CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 treated within 12  hours, the combination of @entity1397 and @entity117 was more effective than @entity117 alone in reducing the risk of recurrent @entity385 during the 90-day follow-up and did not increase the hemorrhagic risk. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/. Unique identifier: NCT00979589.

title: Treatment Effect of @entity1397 Plus XXXX Within 12  Hours of Acute @entity64 or Transient @entity63 Attack.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute Nondisabling']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic attack']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['Clopidogrel', 'clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['Aspirin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of acupuncture for managing @entity923 is uncertain, particularly in @entity1 already receiving conventional treatments (e.g., splinting). We aimed to assess the effects of electroacupuncture combined with splinting. METHODS: We conducted a randomized parallel-group assessor-blinded 2-arm trial on @entity1 with clinically diagnosed primary @entity923 . The treatment group was offered 13 sessions of electroacupuncture over 17 weeks. The treatment and control groups both received continuous nocturnal wrist splinting. RESULTS: Of 181 @entity1 randomly assigned to electroacupuncture combined with splinting (n = 90) or splinting alone (n = 91), 174 (96.1%) completed all follow-up. The electroacupuncture group showed greater improvements at 17 weeks in symptoms (primary outcome of Symptom Severity Scale score mean difference [MD] -0.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.36 to -0.03), disability (Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire score MD -6.72, 95% CI -10.9 to -2.57), function (Functional Status Scale score MD -0.22, 95% CI -0.38 to -0.05), dexterity (time to complete blinded pick-up test MD -6.13 seconds, 95% CI -10.6 to -1.63) and maximal tip pinch strength ( @entity6917 .17 lb, 95% CI 0.48 to 1.86). Differences between groups were small and clinically unimportant for reduction in @entity158 (numerical rating scale -0.70, 95% CI -1.34 to -0.06), and not significant for sensation (first finger monofilament test -0.08 mm, 95% CI -0.22 to 0.06). INTERPRETATION: For @entity1 with primary @entity923 , chronic mild to moderate symptoms and no indication for surgery, electroacupuncture produces small changes in symptoms, disability, function, dexterity and pinch strength when added to nocturnal splinting. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Register no. ChiCTR-TRC-11001655 (www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=7890); subsequently deposited in the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (apps.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ChiCTR-TRC-11001655).

title: Electroacupuncture and splinting versus splinting alone to treat XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']


abstract: Due to the increasingly elderly population of the United States, it was elected to review the experience at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation in treating @entity1 older than 75 years of age for @entity5 . The charts of 114 @entity1 were reviewed to study the presentation of primary @entity5 , the morbidity and mortality associated with therapies, and @entity1 survival. @entity65 , including @entity101 , and @entity6 were the most common associated medical problems. 36% of @entity1 had @entity1204 , 25% cervical @entity5 , 19% @entity5 , 12% @entity43 and 7% @entity5 . Compared to data for @entity1 of all ages in Annual Report on the Results of Treatment in @entity5 (Vol. 18), @entity1 with @entity1204 were of a significantly more advanced stage than expected. Therapy was modified due to @entity1 age or medical status in 42 @entity1 . No postoperative mortality was encountered, although @entity1 often required multiple prolonged hospitalizations. The projected overall survival rate (Kaplan-Meier Analysis) was 44% at 5 years. It is concluded that despite their advanced age and associated medical problems, very elderly @entity1 can usually receive definitive @entity5 therapies, including surgery, after careful preoperative medical evaluation and therapy.

title: XXXX in the very elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'endometrial, cervical, and vulvar cancers']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic cancer', 'vulvar cancer', 'cancers', 'vaginal cancers', 'cancer', 'Gynecologic Cancer']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Gynecologic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab in @entity989 has shown satisfactory results without any systemic complications. However, increased @entity82 and tissue contraction are reported as adverse effects in some cases. CASE: A premature @entity1 , born at 29 weeks + 4 days of gestation, had bilateral @entity146 posterior @entity989 (APROP) on her first screening at 3 weeks of age. She received extensive, near confluent, laser ablation of the avascular retina and off-label intravitreal bevacizumab (0.75 mg) injection OU. The right eye showed a slight regression, but a localized tractional membrane was noted OS. After another intravitreal bevacizumab injection in each eye, the left eye underwent lens-sparing vitrectomy ( @entity7088 ) because of contraction of the proliferative membrane leading to a dome-shaped @entity1713 ( @entity1713 ). OBSERVATIONS: At 6-week follow-up, the left eye showed complete retinal reattachment. Both eyes showed prompt resolution of @entity455 with anterior progression of the peripheral retinal vasculature. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal bevacizumab is safe and effective as a treatment of APROP. In some cases tissue contraction may occur, but because @entity1713 is localized to the posterior pole, effective @entity7088 can be performed.

title: Adjunctive effect of intravitreal bevacizumab prior to lens-sparing vitrectomy in XXXX posterior @entity989 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular engorgement']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy of prematurity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['TRD', 'tractional retinal detachment']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggressive']


abstract: In three @entity1 with @entity409 was affected. All three had high fever (39 degrees C) for more than 3 weeks. Two of them had no peripheral @entity3018 . Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed focal @entity99 in two @entity1 and periportal and periaortic @entity3018 in the third. At laparotomy, there were nodules on the liver surfaces of all @entity1 and histological examination revealed @entity4685 granulomata. The Warthin-Starry @entity575 stain showed organisms consistent in appearance with the cat scratch bacillus in the liver and a periaortic lymph node of one @entity1 , in the liver of the second @entity1 , and in the axillary lymph node of the third. In all three @entity1 the clinical findings and radiological abnormalities improved without specific therapy. A review of the surgical pathology files of Washington University revealed only two other cases of @entity99 in @entity1 over a 6-year period. These findings indicate that @entity11102 should now be included in the differential diagnosis of @entity99 , at least in @entity1 . The absence of peripheral @entity3018 in two of the three @entity1 with @entity99 suggests that the clinical spectrum of @entity11102 may be broader than previously appreciated.

title: XXXX associated with @entity11102 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3018 :: ('MESH:D009377', 'Disease') :: ['adenopathy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['cat scratch disease the liver']

entities_list: @entity11102 :: ('MESH:D002372', 'Disease') :: ['cat scratch disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic defects', 'granulomatous hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity4685 :: ('MESH:D009187', 'Disease') :: ['necrotising']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Granulomatous hepatitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Plasmodium elongatum causes severe @entity15481 and is distributed worldwide. This parasite is of particular importance due to its ability to develop and cause lethal @entity311 not only in natural hosts, but also in non-adapted endemic birds such as the @entity36123 and different species of penguins. Information on vectors of this infection is available but is contradictory. PCR-based analysis indicated the possible existence of a cluster of closely related P. elongatum lineages which might differ in their ability to develop in certain mosquitoes and birds. This experimental study provides information about molecular and morphological characterisation of a virulent P. elongatum strain (lineage pERIRUB01) isolated from a naturally infected European robin, Erithacus rubecula. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial @entity36124 gene sequences showed that this parasite lineage is closely related to P. elongatum (lineage pGRW6). Blood stages of both parasite lineages are indistinguishable, indicating that they belong to the same species. Both pathogens develop in experimentally infected canaries, @entity18848 , causing death of the hosts. In both these lineages, trophozoites and erythrocytic meronts develop in polychromatic erythrocytes and erythroblasts, gametocytes parasitize mature erythrocytes, exoerythrocytic stages develop in cells of the erythrocytic series in bone marrow and are occasionally reported in spleen and liver. Massive @entity277 of bone marrow cells is the main reason for bird mortality. We report here on syncytium-like remnants of tissue meronts, which slip out of the bone marrow into the peripheral circulation, providing evidence that the syncytia can be a template for PCR amplification. This finding contributes to better understanding positive PCR amplifications in birds when @entity5895 is invisible and improved diagnostics of @entity281 . Sporogony of P. elongatum (pERIRUB01) completes the cycle and sporozoites develop in widespread @entity2957 and @entity36125 form molestus mosquitoes. This experimental study provides information on virulence and within species lineage diversity in a single pathogenic species of haemosporidian parasite.

title: Description, molecular characterisation, diagnostics and life cycle of Plasmodium elongatum (lineage pERIRUB01), the virulent XXXX parasite.

entities_list: @entity18848 :: ('9135', 'Species') :: ['Serinus canaria']

entities_list: @entity36125 :: ('38569', 'Species') :: ['Culex pipiens pipiens']

entities_list: @entity15481 :: ('MESH:D008289', 'Disease') :: ['avian malaria']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['infestation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['abortive haemosporidian infections']

entities_list: @entity2957 :: ('7176', 'Species') :: ['Culex quinquefasciatus']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemia']

answer: @entity15481 :: (MESH:D008289,Disease) :: ['avian malaria']


abstract: A classical example of age-dependent plasticity is ocular dominance (OD) plasticity, triggered by @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ). Sensitivity of cortical circuits to a brief period of @entity1949 is maximal in juvenile animals and downregulated in adult age. It remains unclear whether a reduced potential for morphological remodeling underlies this downregulation of physiological plasticity in adulthood. Here we have tested whether stimulation of structural rearrangements is effective in promoting experience-dependent plasticity in adult age. We have exploited a bacterial protein toxin, cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1), that regulates actin dynamics and structure of neuronal processes via a persistent activation of Rho GTPases. Injection of CNF1 into the adult @entity35 visual cortex triggered a long-lasting activation of the Rho GTPase @entity23415 , with a consequent increase in spine density and length in pyramidal neurons. Adult @entity35 treated with CNF1, but not controls, showed an OD shift toward the @entity735 after @entity1949 . CNF1-mediated OD plasticity was selectively attributable to the enhancement of @entity735 responses, whereas closed-eye inputs were unaffected. This effect correlated with an increased density of geniculocortical terminals in layer IV of monocularly deprived, CNF1-treated @entity35 . Thus, Rho GTPase activation reinstates OD plasticity in the adult cortex via the potentiation of more active inputs from the @entity735 . These data establish a direct link between structural remodeling and functional plasticity and demonstrate a role for Rho GTPases in brain plasticity in vivo. The plasticizing effects of Rho GTPase activation may be exploited to promote brain repair.

title: Activation of Rho GTPases triggers structural remodeling and functional plasticity in the adult XXXX visual cortex.

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['open eye', 'open-eye']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['monocular deprivation', 'MD']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Background. The aim of this study is to investigate the evidence of @entity1371 as a suitable parameter for therapeutic decision making after severe blunt @entity409 . Methods. We reviewed the medical records of 11 @entity1 (9 M, 2 F, mean age 32 years) admitted to San Matteo Hospital of Pavia between 2007-2009. All of them were victims of road accidents hospitalized for blunt @entity99 and submitted to surgery. Results. @entity1371 was observed in 7/11 (63.6%) @entity1 during the preoperative period (mean value 2.91   mEq/L). Serum @entity972 concentration normalized in all @entity1 at the 7th postoperative day only (P < 0.01). Conclusions. According to literature results, our study confirms that after blunt @entity99 serum @entity972 levels may decrease significantly. Therefore, kalemia must be carefully monitored in order to establish appropriate treatment and avoid any complications.

title: About usefulness of kalemia monitoring after blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver trauma']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury', 'liver injury']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia', 'Hypokalemia']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the impact of rural status and urologist density on the practice of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in @entity1 with @entity10711 ( @entity10711 ). METHODS: Urologist density was determined from 2014 to 2015 Area Health Resource File data, and rural residence was determined using the 2003 Rural-Urban Continuum Codes. All cases of @entity10711 within Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) 18 with known county code were used for analysis (n   =   9473). @entity16043 's exact test, t-tests, and Cox proportional hazard analysis were used to examine the association between variables of interest and study endpoints. RESULTS: Overall, 26.7% of cases lived in a county with less than the mean urologist density, 6.23% lived in counties with no urologists, 9.0% lived in a rural county, and 23.1% (n   =   2208) had @entity1600 performed. @entity1600 was performed more in cases who lived in a county with a urologist and more in cases with urban residence (p   <   0.05). The mean number of lymph nodes examined was lower in @entity1 who lived in rural counties and counties with fewer urologists (p   <   0.05). There was no difference in the number of positive nodes dependent upon either urologist density categorization or rurality (p   >   0.05). Rurality and low urologist density were not associated with a higher risk of @entity5 related to @entity10711 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 's residence and access to urologists affect their surgical @entity10711 treatment, and efforts aimed at improving access to high-quality @entity1600 may be indicated.

title: Impact of Urologist Density and County Rurality on the Practice of Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection and Cancer-Specific Death in XXXX with @entity10711 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['CSD', 'cancer-specific death']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['RPLND', 'retroperitoneal lymph node dissection']

entities_list: @entity10711 :: ('MESH:C537844', 'Disease') :: ['nonseminomatous germ cell tumor', 'NSGCT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The process of exocytosis was studied in @entity35 and beige @entity19 peritoneal mast cells stimulated by @entity632 (ADR) at 37 degrees C and 22 degrees C. ADR induces a non cytotoxic @entity112 release that is followed by a significant uptake of the drug. Examination was performed by transmission electron microscopy and, at the same time, @entity112 release and ADR uptake were measured by spectrofluorimetry. ADR accumulation in mast cells was investigated also by fluorescence microscopy. In @entity35 mast cells stimulated at 37 degrees C, the secretory process developed abruptly and was virtually complete after 30 sec. Electron microscopy showed rapid intracytoplasmic channel formation and extrusion of secretory granules; spectrofluorimetry revealed a massive release of @entity112 and rapid uptake of ADR. In addition, fluorescence microscopy showed mast cells exhibiting an intense orange-yellow fluorescent signal localized at the secretory granules. At 22 degrees C, @entity35 mast cells showed alteration of the granules, @entity6675 formation by fusion of the perigranular membrane and granule discharge due to fusion of the @entity6675 membrane with the cell membrane. @entity112 release and ADR uptake proceeded less quickly than at 37 degrees C. Quantitative analysis of @entity35 mast cell ultrastructure demonstrated that @entity112 release induced by ADR stimulation was achieved by sequential exocytosis. This process presents both morphological and biochemical affinities with the exocytosis induced by basic secretagogues such as compound 48/80. In beige @entity19 mast cells the process of exocytosis progressed more slowly and was completed after 20 min at 37 degrees C. By electron microscopy, the cytoplasm presented a rigid structure due to abundance of actin-like fibrils. Granule fusion was an uncommon feature and exocytosis was mostly the result of single granule opening to the cell exterior without extrusion of granule matrices.

title: XXXX induces exocytosis in @entity35 and beige @entity19 peritoneal mast cells: an ultrastructural, morphometric and biochemical study.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['Adriamycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) is a bioprosthetic collagen material used in the management of various surgical conditions, especially @entity547 repairs. We studied the effectiveness of porcine SIS Bioprosthetic plug (Surgisis @entity160 , Cook Biotech Inc., West Lafayette, IN, USA) in the treatment of @entity292 . METHODS: A prospective multi-institutional study was conducted on 73 @entity1 with @entity292 of differing etiologies. All plugs were inserted in the operating room under anesthesia in @entity1 with preoperative bowel preparation. Regular follow-up was scheduled at 2 weeks, 3, 6, and 12 months. The primary end point was complete closure of the @entity292 and cessation of drainage over the follow-up period. Seventy-eight AFPs were inserted in 73 @entity1 (28 @entity1 and 45 @entity1 ). @entity3622 were excluded. @entity30 accounted for 11% (8/73) of the @entity1 . Seventy-three percent of @entity1 (n = 53) had primary @entity292 whereas 27% (N = 20) had recurrent @entity292 . RESULTS: The plug extrusion (fallout) rate was 9% (7/78). There was no difference in closure rates between primary and recurrent @entity292 (primary = 20/53 = 38% and recurrent 8/20 = 40%). The overall @entity1 success rate was 38% (28/73) and the plug success rate was 39.5% when plug fallouts were eliminated. The @entity292 in four out of eight @entity1 with @entity30 closed (50%). There were no intraoperative complications. There were four postoperative abscesses (4/73; 5%). CONCLUSIONS: Use of @entity160 for treatment of @entity292 is safe and modestly effective in reasonable long-term (15 months) follow-up. This sphincter conserving procedure should be included in the armamentarium of surgeons in the management of transsphincteric or suprasphincteric @entity292 .

title: Treatment of @entity292 using a porcine small intestinal submucosa anal XXXX plug.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3622 :: ('MESH:D012006', 'Disease') :: ['Rectovaginal fistulas']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas', 'fistula-in-ano', 'anorectal fistulas']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: The most frequent @entity135 region is a @entity1544 . @entity1544 of the hypopharynx is diagnosed rarely, but it has poorer prognosis than @entity5 . The surgical treatment, especially in @entity1442 , is a laryngectomy with the definitive tracheostomy, what negatively influenced the quality of life. Therefore, oncologists have been interested in new alternative methods of conservative treatment from many years. THE AIM OF THE STUDY: The evaluation of efficacy and @entity137 of the organ preservation treatment in @entity1 with locally advanced laryngeal and @entity5 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The @entity1 with diagnosed squamous cell laryngeal and @entity5 in III and IVa clinical status were treated with concomitant radiochemotherapy with intention of the organ preservation. Conformal 3D radiotherapy and SIB-IMRT technique was applied in all cases. Concomitant chemotherapy consisted of @entity900 in daily dose100mg/m(2) given two times during irradiation (1 and 22 day of treatment) or once weekly in dose 40mg/m(2). Between January 2004 and November 2008 146 @entity1 were treated with this method. There were 83 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5 and 62 @entity1 with @entity5 in this group. RESULTS: The median follow up is 42 months. Five years overall survival is 75% and disease free survivak is 63%. Three years laryngectomy free survival (LFS) is 82% and 5-years LFS is 76%. This group of @entity1 is alive with larynx preservations. In 17.3% @entity1 local recurrence was observed (4.5% regional recurrence and 1.8% locoregional). Those @entity1 underwent salvage surgery or were treated with palliative chemotherapy. No severe life risking early and late complications were observed. Only 7% of @entity1 have required temporary tracheostomy because of difficulties in breathing due to @entity4 . CONCLUSION: We can conclude that organ preservation treatment is a valuable alternative to surgical procedure in @entity1 diagnosed with laryngeal and @entity5 in III and IVa clinical status.

title: [The results and XXXX of organ preservation treatment for locoregionally advanced laryngeal and @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumor of the head and neck']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'hypopharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['larynx edema']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer of the larynx', 'Squamous cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1566 commonly results in @entity425 that impacts respiratory function. This would be expected to be associated with an increased likelihood of @entity387 . OBJECTIVE: (1) Understand the incidence and prevalence of @entity387 in @entity1566 . (2) Understand the relationship between injury and @entity1 characteristics and the incidence of @entity387 in @entity1566 . (3) Distinguish between obstructive sleep @entity2417 incidence in @entity1566 . (4) Clarify the relationship between @entity387 and @entity64 , @entity583 , @entity209 , injuries, @entity12805 and @entity508 incidence in @entity1 with @entity1566 . (5) Understand treatment tolerance and outcome in @entity1 with @entity1566 and @entity387 . METHODS: Extensive database search including PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Web of Science. RESULTS: Given the current literature limitations, @entity387 as currently defined is high in @entity1 with @entity1566 , approaching 60% in motor complete @entity1 with @entity1688 . Central @entity386 is more common in @entity1 with @entity1688 than in @entity1 with @entity451 . CONCLUSION: Early formal sleep study in @entity1 with acute complete @entity1688 is recommended. In @entity1 with incomplete @entity1688 and with @entity451 , the incidence of @entity387 is significantly higher than the general population. With the lack of correlation between symptoms and SDB, formal study would be reasonable. There is insufficient evidence in the literature on the impact of treatment on morbidity, mortality and quality of life outcomes.

title: XXXX in @entity1566 : A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity2417 :: ('MESH:D020182', 'Disease') :: ['apnea and central sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disordered breathing', 'sleep disordered breathing']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular weakness']

entities_list: @entity12805 :: ('MESH:D020211', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysreflexia']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord injury', 'spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['Sleep disordered breathing']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes in adolescents diagnosed with @entity1643 and @entity912 and to evaluate the efficacy of differential diagnosis methods. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The incidence of @entity1643 in adolescence is similar to that in adults, but the causes of @entity1643 are difficult to determine in most cases. For these @entity1 , a definitive diagnosis of @entity1643 and @entity912 as well as adequate treatment are clinically important to avoid unnecessary surgical treatment. METHODS: Eleven @entity1 [3 males and 8 females; mean age, 16.5 years (range, 13-19 y)] diagnosed with @entity1643 and @entity912 were followed up for 2-10.25 years (mean, 4.67 y). Nonorganic signs were observed in almost all @entity1 . For the purpose of excluding @entity347 , the @entity4490 @entity158 study was used in @entity1 who complained mainly of @entity158 , and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) using transcranial magnetic stimulation were measured in @entity1 experiencing primarily @entity425 . RESULTS: The @entity146 diagnosis was @entity11167 in 9 @entity1 , whereas it was @entity5539 in 2 @entity1 . Conservative treatment, such as physiotherapy, was performed, and at the final follow-up evaluation, outcomes were regarded as excellent in 7 @entity1 and good in 4 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of @entity1643 and @entity912 in adolescence is relatively good. However, it is important to understand the characteristics of @entity1643 and @entity912 in childhood and young adulthood and to perform accurate diagnosis via screening for nonorganic signs and excluding @entity347 by using the @entity4490 @entity158 study and MEPs obtained using transcranial magnetic stimulation.

title: Psychogenic @entity1643 and XXXX in Adolescence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['psychogenic low-back pain', 'low-back pain']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity5539 :: ('MESH:D011602', 'Disease') :: ['psychosomatic disorder']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopentone']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['hysterical paralysis']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic disorders']

answer: @entity912 :: (MESH:D010243,Disease) :: ['Hysterical Paralysis']


abstract: Improvement of graft survival after orthotopic liver transplantation is often attributed to @entity205 . In order to assess the effects on liver function and histology, we compared the results of conventional immunosuppression ( @entity500 / @entity617 = group I) and a triple drug regimen, which included CsA (group II) during the first year after transplantation. Group I consisted of 33 @entity1 ; group II of 18 @entity1 . Significant differences are present in favor of the CsA regimen with regard to transaminases and cholestatic parameters. Liver synthesis function was slightly better, though already very good under conventional immunosuppression. One week after transplantation, normal histology was not observed in group I, while 90% of the @entity1 showed acute rejection. In group II, 53% of the @entity1 showed normal histology; only 40% of the @entity1 in group II showed acute rejection (P less than 0.0002). One year after transplantation, liver histology was normal in 57% of the conventionally treated @entity1 and in 90% of the CsA-treated @entity1 . Also, less rejection occurred in group II during the first year after transplantation. One-year graft survival was 67% in group I and in group II 75%, which is not statistically different. @entity1011 clearance did not differ in both groups. However compared with pretransplantation @entity1011 clearances, kidney function in the CsA-treated @entity1 decreased with approximately 20 ml/min. These results show that liver synthesis and liver function are better under the CsA-containing triple-drug-maintenance regimen, which is supported by the far better liver histology. Kidney function is reduced, even under low dose CsA treatment.

title: @entity500 and XXXX immunosuppression versus maintenance triple therapy including @entity205 for orthotopic liver transplantation. A comparative biochemical and histologic study in one center.

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine', 'Creatinine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity617 :: (MESH:D011239,Chemical) :: ['prednisolone']


abstract: @entity135 have a very low survival rate when treated by classical methods of irradiation and surgery. This is why in the last ten years cytostatics and immunotherapy have been applied. Clinical experience speaks in favour of polychemotherapy in comparison to monochemotherapy. In @entity135 @entity1732 , @entity1499 , @entity1487 , @entity1891 and @entity900 have been used most often. They can be applied as initial therapy, additional therapy after surgery and irradiation, and finally as palliative therapy. Present experiences have shown the best results with initial therapy in 2-3 cycles, before surgery and irradiation. @entity137 of cytostatics depends on the dose and the sensitivity of the @entity1 . The interval between cycles is 2-3 weeks. According to clinical experience, active specific immunotherapy with @entity5 vaccine did not prove successful. The investigations have thus been directed towards the means which would mobilise the immunological forces of the organism and remove obstacles in reaction of cytotoxic drugs and @entity5 cells. Such biological response modifiers are interferon, hormone of the thymus, substances which increase, change or restore immunological reactivity, lymphocytes, @entity5 preventive agents, NK cells, lymphokines, monokines and allokines, plasmophoresis and @entity3352 .

title: Cytostatic and immunologic treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['Advanced head and neck tumors', 'head and neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cis-Platinum']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck tumors']


abstract: The authors describe and comment on 30 observations of peripheral @entity625 starting before puberty and reveluated in an adult rheumatologoy service at the average age of 29 and during an observation period of about 16 years. The actual classification of @entity625 proves to be valid in this group since the clinical forms are still observed in adulthood. However, during the evolution, there is a shifting from one form to another. The systemic forms can reoccur in adulthood even after several years of quiescence, accompanied by @entity532 . The pauciarticular forms as a rule remain benign. As in childhood, they frequently show antinuclear factors. Some forms, initially peripheral, can show axial signs. The presence of @entity1530 antigens allow them to be linked up with @entity1691 . But this is not the case for all the forms with sacroiliac functions. The evolution since childhood is often characterized by long remissions which can still persist by the time of the visit, which is then motivated by resulting mechanical and local arthrotic problems. Despite often severe anatomical symptoms, the functional handicap is limited, allowing quite a remarkable adaptation. Most of the @entity1 lead an active professional life. Yet despite this and despite an often satisfactory sex life, half of the @entity1 have a @entity1032 which makes it necessary for them to be placed under special carl. No therapeutic conclusion, particularly about the efficiency of the basic therapy, can be drawn from this study.

title: [ XXXX reevaluated in rheumatology in adult age. 30 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['psychological handicap']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile polyarthritis', 'polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['visceral complications']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylarthritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['Juvenile arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the investigation was to examine the pineal-adrenal-thyroid-immune axis in female @entity1237 under short-term heat stress. The study was conducted to observe the influence of glucocorticoids on biochemical, endocrine profile and non-specific immune response in @entity1169 treated @entity1237 . METHODS: @entity2493 and glucocorticoid secretions and several other endocrine and biochemical blood parameters reflecting the animals well being were determined over a one week period after @entity1237 had been exposed to 40 degrees C and 60% relative humidity for 17 days. Chemical pinealectomy was achieved using @entity1169 followed by exogenous @entity701 treatment. This treatment continued from day 11 to day 17 of the study. Blood samples were drawn on day 10 to assess heat stress effect and twice daily after each treatment from day 11 to 17 to find the effect of @entity701 on various parameters studied. RESULTS: Thermal stress significantly (P <or= 0.05) affected the levels of plasma @entity460 , ACP, ALP, T3, T4 and phagocytosis index. Chemical pinealectomy significantly (P <or= 0.05) affected plasma levels of the parameters studied and these could be significantly (P <or= 0.05) counteracted by administration of @entity701 to varying levels. Chemical pinealectomy aggravated thermal stress; although administration of @entity701 could ameliorate the condition. CONCLUSIONS: The data generated from the study help us to understand the functional relationship between pineal, adrenal and immune system, and how this relationship modifies the biochemical, endocrine and non-specific immune response for the well being of the @entity1237 under thermal stress.

title: Interrelationship of endocrine glands under thermal stress: effect of exogenous glucocorticoids on mineral, enzyme, thyroid hormone profiles and phagocytosis index of Indian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['Melatonin']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The value of pretreatment (initial) @entity1486 and biochemical recurrence (BR) as prognostic factors for survival remains unclear. The authors sought to determine why using randomized trial data with 7-year minimum follow-up. METHODS: In the Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group 96.01 trial, 802 @entity1 with T2b, T2c, T3, or T4 @entity263 ( @entity263 ) were randomized to radiotherapy alone or with 3 or 6 months neoadjuvant @entity342 deprivation between 1996 and 2000. Cox modeling was used to identify outcome predictors at follow-up landmark points. RESULTS: Higher iPSA was found to be a potent predictor of BR-free survival (P < .01) but was not prognostic for @entity263 -specific survival (PCSS) from randomization. @entity1 experiencing BR had unfavorable initial prognostic factors compared with @entity1 who did not. After BR, these factors were not prognostic for @entity263 @entity204 in models adjusted for time to BR (TTBR). In these models, TTBR predicted PCSS more satisfactorily than the occurrence of BR itself. Survival probability 5 years after BR exceeded 90% for @entity1 with TTBR >/=4 years; however, it dropped to 44% +/- 6% for @entity1 with TTBR <1 year. After BR, rapid PSA doubling time (DT), low iPSA, and short TTBR were identified as the most important predictors of inferior PCSS. CONCLUSIONS: When BR occurs, prognostic factors for survival change. Low iPSA, short TTBR, and rapid PSA DT take over at this point, providing reasons why iPSA and occurrence of BR alone predict PCSS unsatisfactorily.

title: Why are pretreatment XXXX levels and biochemical recurrence poor predictors of @entity263 survival?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['PC', 'prostate cancer', 'N0 prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (iPSA)']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate-specific antigen']


abstract: The morphologic features of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) resulting in @entity944 ( @entity944 ) are poorly studied. The presence and type of culprit lesions may have important implications in the genetic basis for @entity299 . Autopsies of @entity944 victims over a 5-year period from a statewide medical examiner's office were studied. @entity74 was defined as @entity944 at <= 50 years in @entity1 and <= 45 years in @entity1 , with premature @entity944 or @entity1187 in a first-degree relative. @entity75 was defined as @entity697 , @entity2681 , and severe narrowing without @entity715 (stable plaque). There were 174 acute @entity397 (age 49  10 years, 9% @entity1 ), 49 @entity2681 (age 45  8 years, 37% @entity1 ), and 213 stable plaques (age 53  11 years, 22% @entity1 ). There were 8 @entity397 with family history. There were 9 @entity2681 with family history. There were 7 stable plaques with family history. The rate of familial history in premature @entity301 was 18.4% in erosions, 4.6% in @entity397 (p=.02 vs. @entity2681 ), and 3.3% in stable plaque (p=.002 vs. @entity2681 ). We concluded that the frequency of family history of premature @entity944 due to @entity453 may be @entity2681 as compared to @entity1 dying with @entity697 or stable plaque.

title: Morphologic features of culprit lesions in XXXX with family history of premature @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sudden death', 'sudden coronary death']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Culprit lesion']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['plaque erosions', 'plaque erosion', 'erosion', 'higher in plaque erosion']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['plaque ruptures', 'ruptures', 'plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Premature familial disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['familial heart disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['familial coronary artery disease', 'CAD']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['sudden coronary death']


abstract: @entity7135 is a widely distributed @entity66 affecting all age categories. It can cause severe @entity693 and @entity295 , especially in unvaccinated @entity1 and young @entity1 . The causative agent, @entity3631 (Nm), can be phenotypically and genetically differentiated into serogroups and sequence types (STs) and has a highly dynamic population structure. To obtain a deeper understanding of the epidemiology of Nm, we sequenced seven Nm genomes. Large-scale genomic analysis was conducted with these 7 Nm genomes, 27 additional Nm genomes from GenBank, and 4 other Neisseria genomes. We observed extensive homologous recombination in all gene functional categories among different Nm genomes. Homologous recombination is so frequent that it has resulted in numerous chimeric open reading frames, including genes in the capsule biosynthesis cluster and loci targeted by commercial vaccines. Our results reveal that, despite widespread use, evolutionary relationships inferred from the standard seven-gene multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method could not predict virulence gene content or strain phenotype. In fact, up to 28% of the virulence-associated genes could differ between strains of identical STs. Consistent with previous studies, we found that allelic recombination is also associated with alterations in antibiotic susceptibility. Overall, these findings emphasize the extensive genomic plasticity of Nm and the limitations of standard molecular methods to quantify this genotypic and phenotypic diversity.

title: Extensive genomic variation within clonal complexes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['complex disease']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['Meningococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']

answer: @entity3631 :: (487,Species) :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']


abstract: Preemptive kidney transplantation is associated with superior outcomes. @entity1 who have @entity177 due to @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) may not receive a preemptive kidney transplant because of the concern for risk of disease recurrence with shortened graft and @entity1 survival. We identified 8001 @entity1 in the United Network for Organ Sharing dataset who underwent kidney transplantation between October 1987 and February 2009 with @entity177 due to @entity1252 . Seven hundred thirty @entity1 received a preemptive kidney transplant with 7271 @entity1 who were on dialysis before transplantation; their mean ages were 40.0  11.6 years and 36.9  11.7 years, respectively, (P<.01). @entity1 constituted 82.5% of preemptive and 81.4% of non-preemptive groups (P=.47). Preemptive transplant recipients were more likely to receive a living donor kidney transplant (odds ratio [OR]=3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]=3.3-4.5; P<.01). In unadjusted analyses, preemptive transplantation was associated with lower risk of recipient @entity204 (hazard ratio [HR]=0.52; 95% CI=0.38-0.70; P<.01). The difference remained significant after adjustment fr covariates (HR=0.55; 95% CI=0.36-0.84; P<.01). Graft survival was also superior among preemptive kidney transplant recipients in both unadjusted (HR=0.56; 95% CI=0.49-0.68; P<.01), and adjustment analyses (HR=0.69; 95% CI=0.55-0.86; P<.01). We concluded that preemptive kidney transplantation among @entity1 with @entity1252 was associated with superior @entity1 and graft outcomes and should be considered when feasible.

title: Preemptive kidney transplantation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']