abstract: BACKGROUND: Risk-stratification schemes exist for well-differentiated @entity259 and include prognostic factors such as age, sex, extent of @entity5 , size of @entity5 , and presence of @entity3 . Controversy continues, however, over the @entity146 of initial surgical intervention because of anecdotal experiences of poor clinical outcomes in low-risk @entity1 . Our objective is to determine the prognostic significance of two biologic @entity5 markers, the @entity876 gene mutation and @entity2280 microvessel density (MVD) count, in well-differentiated @entity5 of thyroid gland. METHODS: We selected 38 @entity1 with well-differentiated @entity259 from the University of Illinois @entity5 Registry. @entity1 had an average clinical follow-up of 10 years. Paraffin-embedded @entity5 specimens were available for all @entity1 . Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify mutations of the @entity876 gene (Ab 1801) and to determine the MVD count ( @entity2280 ). RESULTS: There were significant increases in MVD counts within @entity259 tissue, when compared with surrounding, normal thyroid tissue. There was no significant correlation noted, however, between increased MVD and histology or recurrence rates. There was a trend toward higher MVD counts in @entity5 specimens of @entity1 initially seen with metastatic lymphadenopathy. The incidence of @entity876 mutation expression was 28%, and there was no correlation between @entity876 status and histology, sex, recurrence rate, or survival. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the concept of @entity5 @entity2295 but fails to correlate MVD with clinical behavior or pathologic features in well-differentiated @entity259 . Furthermore, we found that the @entity876 mutation status was not an independent prognosticator of @entity5 behavior in these lesions.

title: Well-differentiated XXXX : @entity876 mutation status and microvessel density.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tumor', 'thyroid carcinomas', 'thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is often associated with the risk of @entity717 , social discomfort and @entity74 . OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of @entity308 symptomatology among Italian @entity1 with @entity1569 , in order to better evaluate the disease severity in this @entity1 population. METHODS: Five thousand Italian @entity1 with @entity1569 were mailed the Center for Epidemiological Studies- @entity308 Scale (CES-D) questionnaire, a 20-item instrument developed to perform epidemiological studies of @entity308 symptomatology in the general population. Questionnaires with responses to 16 or more items were considered evaluable. RESULTS: We received evaluable questionnaires from 2,391 @entity1 , including 1,528 @entity1 (63.9%) and 863 @entity1 (36.1%). @entity308 symptomatology was observed in 1,482/2,391 @entity1 (62% overall; females, 63%; males, 61%). @entity1 < 40 years of age were significantly more likely to report @entity308 symptoms than were @entity1 > or =40 years of age (67 vs. 58%, respectively; p = 0.002). @entity308 symptomatology was more prevalent in psoriatic @entity1 with only primary or secondary education than in psoriatic @entity1 with higher education (51 vs. 32%, respectively; p < 0.02). CONCLUSION: Our results are consistent with previous studies showing that @entity1569 is associated with profound psychological morbidity, in particular with @entity308 in a large number of @entity1 . It is important to consider this association in the overall management of @entity1569 .

title: An Italian study on @entity1569 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'Depressive', 'depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'psoriasis vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['psychological disorders']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['physical disability']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: Multiple isoforms of @entity413 transporters are found in muscle, the tissue that normally accounts for 85% of insulin-stimulated @entity413 uptake. @entity413 uptake into muscle cells in the fasting state is mediated primarily by @entity1365 and @entity22408 @entity413 transporters, whereas postprandial (insulin-stimulated) and exercise-related increments in muscle @entity413 uptake are mediated primarily by @entity2368 . To determine if @entity413 transporters are abnormally expressed in muscle from insulin-resistant subjects, muscle samples were obtained from 10 normal subjects and 6 @entity28 , nondiabetic subjects with severe insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans. Both @entity2368 total protein and mRNA were normal in the insulin-resistant subjects. Muscle @entity22408 protein and mRNA were lower than controls by 62% and 71%, respectively. @entity1365 mRNA was twice normal, whereas @entity1365 protein content was not significantly increased. @entity2368 protein was markedly redistributed to the muscle plasma membrane in subjects with severe insulin resistance compared with normals (92% v 40% @entity2368 in plasma membrane-enriched fractions, P <.001), whereas the percentage of @entity1365 and @entity22408 protein found in the plasma membrane-enriched fractions was not different from controls. These data document differences in the expression of genes for @entity1365 and @entity22408 in muscle from normal and insulin-resistant subjects. Further, insulin resistance with fasting @entity3190 was associated with a redistribution of @entity2368 to the muscle cell surface with no change in total @entity2368 protein. These data suggest that @entity413 transporter gene expression and their basal distribution in @entity1 muscle are related to insulin resistance and could be determinants of whole body insulin responsiveness.

title: Altered XXXX and @entity22408 gene expression and subcellular redistribution of @entity2368 : protein in muscle from @entity1 with acanthosis nigricans and severe insulin resistance.

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity1365 :: (6513,Gene) :: ['GLUT1']


abstract: Although surgical resection as the sole treatment modality for @entity418 has historically been associated with poor survival rates, improvements have recently been reported using varied neoadjuvant chemo-radiation protocols. This study evaluates the outcome of @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity418 at the University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital between July 1991 and June 1996. Seventy-two @entity1 underwent esophageal resection; 51 males and 21 females with a median age of 62.5 years (range = 42-82). Histology was equally distributed between @entity420 (36 @entity1 ; 50%) and @entity957 (36 @entity1 ; 50%). Pathological stage distribution consisted of 6 stage 0 (8%), 10 stage I (14%), 23 stage II (32%), 31 stage III (43%), and 2 stage IV (3%) lesions. @entity1 were divided into three groups according to the type of preoperative treatment; Group 1 (n = 44); surgery alone; Group 2 (n = 18); neoadjuvant @entity1487 based chemotherapy, and Group 3 (n = 9); neoadjuvant @entity1487 based chemotherapy in conjunction with external beam radiation (XRT). One @entity1 received preoperative XRT alone. All survivors were followed for a minimum of 1 year and statistical analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank, and chi-square tests. In the 28 @entity1 receiving any form of neoadjuvant therapy only one @entity1 had a pathological complete response (CR) (3.5%). The overall 5 year and median survival rates were 18 per cent and 20.5 months (range = 0-73), respectively. Individual treatment group survival rates at 5 years were 28% for Group 1; 21% for Group 2; and 0% for Group 3, showing no survival difference between Groups 1 and 2; Group 3 fared significantly worse than the other two, probably as a result of the high operative mortality in this group. These results indicate that surgical resection continues to be an important treatment modality for @entity418 . Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in our experience failed to improve these survival rates and pre-operative chemoradiation was associated with a high perioperative mortality rate. Chemotherapy regimens with higher CRs may further improve these survival rates.

title: Neoadjuvant therapy for XXXX : standard of care or elusive myth?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the safety and the efficacy of the self-gripping Parietex ProGrip    mesh (Sofradim Production, Tr  voux, France) used with the laparoscopic approach for @entity169 . The incidence of @entity1118 , @entity532 , @entity1 satisfaction and @entity547 recurrence at follow-up after 12 months was evaluated. METHODS: Data were collected retrospectively from @entity1 files and were analyzed for 169 male and female @entity1 with 220 primary @entity169 . All @entity1 included had undergone surgical repair for @entity169 by the laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal approach using Parietex ProGrip    meshes performed in the same clinical center in Germany. Pre-, per- and post-operative data were collected, and a follow-up after 12 months was performed prospectively. Complications, @entity158 scored on a 0-10 numeric rating scale (NRS), @entity1 satisfaction and @entity547 recurrence were assessed. RESULTS: The only complications were minor and were post-operative: @entity1410 / @entity2080 (3 cases), secondary @entity548 through the trocar's site (2 cases), @entity811 , @entity2415 in the inguinal regions (both sides) and swelling above the genital organs (1 case for each). At mean follow-up at 22.8 months, there were only 3 reports of @entity547 recurrence: 1.4 % of the @entity547 . Most @entity1 (95.9 %) were satisfied or very satisfied with their @entity547 repair with only 1.2 % reporting severe @entity158 (NRS score 7-10) and 3.6 % reported mild @entity158 . CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that in experienced hands, @entity169 surgery performed by laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal hernioplasty using Parietex ProGrip    self-gripping meshes is rapid, efficient and safe with low @entity158 and low @entity547 recurrence rate.

title: Low recurrence rate and low @entity1118 associated with @entity169 by laparoscopic placement of Parietex ProGrip    mesh: clinical outcomes of 220 XXXX with mean follow-up at 23 months.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernias', 'inguinal hernia repair', 'inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernias']


abstract: The dorsal raphe (DR) nucleus is a system of nuclei lying in the midline of the lower brainstem constituting the largest collection of @entity750 -containing neurons in the brain. The DR nucleus, which is under the influence of various synaptic inputs containing the excitatory @entity1522 (EAAs), @entity750 and @entity1063 (NA), has been reported to be involved in the process of nociception. We studied the effects of @entity3575 and @entity1286 on the firing activity of neurons within the DR nucleus in the @entity35 brain slice preparation in vitro using extracellular recording techniques. The decreased activity of DR neurons induced by these opioids was reversed upon application of @entity1510 . Since almost all neurons were silent, @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) and @entity1063 were used to excite the DR neurons. @entity750 contained in the DR nucleus acts as a neuromodulator to enhance the excitatory effects of @entity143 . All DR neurons were excited by @entity143 , whereas 72% of the neurons were excited by NA. NA has a long-lasting effect on the firing activity of the neurons, although the firing pattern was less regular than that induced by @entity143 . Of the total number of the DR neurons excited by @entity143 and/or NA, 71% were inhibited by @entity3575 and 73% by @entity1286 . The results support our hypothesis that these opioids inhibit the firing activity of DR neurons and, in turn, might alter nociception directly and/or indirectly by modifying the central serotonergic system.

title: The effect of @entity3575 and XXXX on neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus in the @entity35 : an in vitro study.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin', 'Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Repetitive periods of @entity2806 result in more severe injury than a single period of @entity63 of similar total duration. We investigated the possibility of prostaglandin mediation of this increased injury by attempting to modify @entity2657 formation with @entity3352 pretreatment. METHODS: Under @entity1508 / @entity3727 anesthesia, groups of gerbils underwent bilateral @entity432 to induce @entity63 . Group I underwent a single 15-minute period of @entity432 . Group II underwent three 5-minute periods of occlusion at hourly intervals. Groups III and IV were similar to groups I and II, respectively, but received 0.2 mg/kg @entity3352 before @entity432 . Cortical and cerebellar water and @entity1372 contents were determined in control animals (n = 6) at time zero and in experimental animals 24, 48, and 72 hours after @entity63 (n = 6-10 gerbils/group at each time point). RESULTS: Cortical water and @entity1372 contents in group II peaked 48 hours after insult (82.15 +/- 0.31% and 420 +/- 14 meq/kg dry wt, respectively) and were significantly higher than control and group I values at both 24 and 48 hours. Cortical water did not change from control in group I animals. @entity3352 pretreatment significantly attenuated increases in water and @entity1372 content seen at 48 hours in gerbils undergoing repetitive @entity63 (peak 80.02 +/- 0.45% and 300 +/- 39 meq/kg dry wt), but did not affect mortality. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3352 @entity4 after repetitive @entity2806 , suggesting that elevations of cyclooxygenase products are responsible, at least in part, for severe @entity2657 following repetitive @entity63 .

title: Effect of @entity3352 on XXXX following single and repetitive @entity2806 in the gerbil.

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['forebrain ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['lessens edema']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['carotid occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin', 'Indomethacin']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['edema']


abstract: We previously developed a highly aggressive cell line from heart @entity3 of 4T1 @entity0 (designated 4THM), which produced liver @entity3 (designated 4TLM). In this study, gene array analysis (GAEA) compared gene expression profiles in 4TLM with profiles in 4T1 and 4THM @entity5 . GAEA demonstrated that 4T1 and 4THM @entity5 differed in about 250 genes. Over 1,000 genes, however, were expressed differently in 4TLM compared with @entity5 . A cohort of 16 genes showed significantly decreased expression in 4THM @entity5 , which decreased even further in 4TLM. Many of these genes have been implicated in @entity0 , and many are involved in cell adhesion and junctional complexes. Expression of multiple tight and adherence junction proteins was either downregulated or disappeared in 4TLM; downregulation of @entity17290 , @entity17291 and gamma-catenin was confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblot, and immunocytochemical (ICC) analyses. At the protein level, intact @entity11178 was also observed in 4T1 @entity5 , but was not expressed in 4THM or 4TLM @entity5 . ICC demonstrated expression of gamma-catenin at the plasma membrane with 4T1 @entity5 , whereas staining appeared to be nuclear/perinuclear in 4THM @entity5 . @entity17291 staining was also seen in monocyte/pmacrophage-like cells in liver around metastatic lesions by ICC, and it appeared that larger 4TLM @entity5 apparently reexpressed @entity17291 RNA and protein. Our results demonstrate that decreased or abnormal expression of a number of cell adhesion/junctional proteins, including @entity55218 and gamma-catenin, correlates with liver @entity3 , and that cell adhesion molecules in the microenvironment are also altered.

title: Altered gene expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer liver metastases']


abstract: Neospora caninum has recently been identified as an important cause of infectious abortion in @entity291 . The parasite is closely related to @entity3204 , but the two species are antigenically distinct. To examine cell proliferative responses and the induction of @entity12028 in experimentally infected @entity291 , four 2-4 months old @entity291 were subcutaneously inoculated with N. caninum tachyzoites. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected regularly and stimulated in vitro with a crude lysate of N. caninum or @entity3204 tachyzoites. Significant proliferative responses to N. caninum antigen were recorded in all @entity291 from days 4-6 postinoculation. This response was accompanied by production of high levels of @entity12028 . Although the @entity291 remained seronegative to @entity3204 , while seroconverting to N. caninum, stimulation with @entity3204 lysate resulted in cell proliferation of a similar magnitude as that obtained using the N. caninum lysate. However, the @entity3204 lysate appeared less effective than the N. caninum lysate to stimulate @entity12028 production. Cells taken from uninfected control animals did not show any significant proliferation to either N. caninum or T. gondii antigen and no @entity12028 was produced. These results suggest that the two parasites may possess cross-reacting T-cell epitopes, but that the T cells specific for N. caninum may have a different functional capacity. This highlights the need to investigate the antigen specificity and cytokine profile of T cells from infected animals to help understand their role in immunity to N. caninum.

title: Cellular immune responses in XXXX experimentally infected with Neospora caninum.

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['T. gondii', 'Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In April 1991, the Virginia Division of the American @entity5 Society (ACS) initiated the feasibility phase of the @entity1586 Prevention Study (CPPS) to determine whether a high fiber supplement would decrease new @entity6523 . The feasibility phase had two specific objectives: 1) to evaluate accrual and compliance to the designed protocol and 2) to evaluate and demonstrate the effectiveness of volunteers as research assistants. The CPPS is an innovative project in which trained volunteers play a significant role in the research process. METHODS: In the CPPS, volunteer adjunct researchers (VARs) were trained to perform individual dietary data collection and intervention and other general study monitoring functions. VARs were trained, certified, and monitored in the performance of their assigned tasks by ACS staff and expert consultants. RESULTS: A total of 119 volunteers were trained as VARs, 74 of whom were certified and matched to a study @entity1 . Between 1991-1995, only six VARs left the study. After active accrual of @entity1 to the study ceased in 1995, 38 VARs (50% of the certified VARs) continued to monitor the active study @entity1 . All VARs were consistently able to conduct the functions for which they were trained. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of expected @entity6661 rates, a core of 38 dedicated VARs were matched to 72 @entity1 and demonstrated the ability to perform selected data collecting activities on a consistent and efficient basis. The use of trained volunteers has allowed the CPPS to function in its feasibility phase at personnel cost considerably less than that of other similar @entity5 prevention trials.

title: Volunteers as adjunct researchers in a XXXX prevention trial: the American @entity5 Society @entity1586 Prevention Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['volunteer attrition']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous colorectal polyp occurrence']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['Colon Polyp']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study assessed and compared the efficacy of two types of bioresorbable membranes in the prevention of @entity86 under clean contaminated and @entity6378 using a cecal ligation and puncture model in @entity35 . METHODS: @entity35 albino @entity35 (n = 72) were divided into six groups. @entity298 was induced using a cecal ligation and puncture model in groups 2, 4, and 6. Groups 1, 3, and 5 served as controls for clean contaminated procedures in the absence of @entity298 . Groups 1 and 2 were the untreated clean contaminated and @entity298 and served as controls for the effect of the bioresorbable membranes in each condition. In groups 3 and 4, a 1.5 x 3 cm USP @entity653 / @entity4023 / @entity5224 membrane was wrapped around the cecal resection area and a 2 x 4 cm membrane was left under the incision. The oxidized regenerated cellulose membrane was similarly applied in groups 5 and 6. Four weeks later, the adhesions were evaluated. In addition, @entity82 and @entity32 were observed histopathologically. RESULTS: Adhesion development (P = .008), @entity82 (P = .008), and @entity32 (P = .0001) differed among the groups. Both materials increased adhesion formation in the @entity6378 . Increased fibrotic activity was detected in all material-applied groups under both conditions. In addition, more @entity32 was detected in the groups that received the application of a material, especially in the presence of @entity298 . CONCLUSION: Neither material prevented adhesions in clean contaminated conditions. Moreover, they increased adhesion formation in @entity298 .

title: An assessment of the effects of two types of bioresorbable barriers to prevent postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5224 :: ('MESH:D002266', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxymethylcellulose']

entities_list: @entity6378 :: ('MESH:D010532', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial peritonitis condition', 'bacterial peritonitis conditions']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative adhesion']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial peritonitis groups', 'bacterial peritonitis', 'Bacterial peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hyaluronate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The first step in the transmembrane signal mediated by G protein-coupled receptors is binding of agonist to receptors at the cell surface. The mechanism of the resulting receptor activation is not clear, but models based on the ternary complex model are capable of explaining most of the observations that have been reported in G protein-coupled receptors. This model suggests that a single agonist/receptor/G protein complex capable of activating G protein is formed as the result of agonist binding. Extensions of this basic model differ primarily in whether an equilibrium between active and inactive conformations is required to explain experimental results. We report results on ligand binding and coupling to physiological effector systems of the m2 muscarinic @entity934 receptor site-directed mutant @entity53078 (residue 403 mutated from @entity669 to @entity815 ) expressed in @entity3569 ovary cells and compare our results with results reported for the homologous @entity53079 mutation in the m3 muscarinic receptor [J. Biol. Chem. 267:19313-19319 (1992)]. The mutation in the m2 muscarinic receptor reduced absolute agonist affinities more dramatically than in the m3 muscarinic receptor. Unlike the results reported for the m3 subtype mutant, in which coupling to physiological effector systems was reduced, coupling to effector systems for the mutant in the m2 subtype was robust. In the @entity53078 m2 muscarinic receptor, the difference between the two agonist binding affinities was greater than in the wild-type receptor, whereas in the m3 subtype, the effect of the mutation was to decrease this difference. A prediction of the ternary complex model is that relative binding affinities will affect the steady state concentration of the agonist/receptor/G protein complex and, as the result, the extent of G protein coupling. These results can best be rationalized by this model, which suggests that the activation of G protein-coupled receptors is achieved by the relative affinity of agonist for two receptor states and does not require the existence of multiple states in conformational equilibrium.

title: Site-directed mutagenesis on the m2 muscarinic XXXX receptor: the significance of Tyr403 in the binding of agonists and functional coupling.

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: Previous studies had localised the gene (mmr) for resistance to @entity53463 (Mm) to a 2.5-kb PstI fragment in the middle of a cluster of Mm biosynthetic genes from the @entity25068 plasmid @entity39694 . In this paper, the gene has been more precisely located by sub-cloning, and the @entity377 sequence of the whole fragment has been determined. The predicted mmr-specified protein (Mr 49238) would be hydrophobic, with some homology at the @entity535 level to @entity803 -resistance proteins from both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Comparisons of hydropathy plots of the @entity535 sequences reinforces the idea that the proteins are similar. It is suggested that Mm resistance may be conferred by a membrane protein, perhaps controlling efflux of the antibiotic. No significant homology was detected by hybridisation analysis between mmr and a cloned @entity5385 (OTc)-resistance gene (tetB) of the OTc producer @entity25068 rimosus, and no cross-resistance was conferred by these genes. Sequences on both sides of mmr appear to encode proteins. The direction of translation in each case would be opposite to that of mmr translation. This suggests that mmr is transcribed as a monocistronic mRNA from a bidirectional promoter. An extensive inverted repeat sequence between the stop codons of mmr and the converging gene may function as a bidirectional transcription terminator.

title: Nucleotide sequence analysis reveals similarities between proteins determining XXXX resistance in @entity25068 and @entity803 resistance in eubacteria.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity5385 :: ('MESH:D010118', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytetracycline']

entities_list: @entity25068 :: ('1902', 'Species') :: ['Streptomyces coelicolor', 'Streptomyces']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity53463 :: ('MESH:C014097', 'Chemical') :: ['methylenomycin A']

answer: @entity53463 :: (MESH:C014097,Chemical) :: ['methylenomycin A']


abstract: A developmental model for paranoid behaviour is proposed within a broader theory of @entity161 development. The model stipulates that given exposure to sustained aversive maternal control and a maternal communication style which is subtle and devious, the @entity1 comes to adapt with approach, stratagem-based behaviours and heightened vigilance for evaluative information (i.e. open adaptive style). The model, already supported empirically at several points, postulates that the @entity8143 serves to organize an overextended and disorganized information-processing system for the @entity1 and generates its reinforcement from reduction of the @entity148 associated with thought disorganization. The present study tested an aspect of this postulate. It was predicted that late-adolescent males who had an open style of adapting to experienced aversive maternal control would find the organization of disorganized evaluative cues uniquely reinforcing. Subjects were presented with an anagrams task made up of scrambled words which they were told came from a poll of mothers asked to evaluate their college-age sons. This task was followed by the individual tachistoscopic and slightly unfocused presentation of a longer series of words, again described as maternal evaluative terms. The longer series comprised the words used in the anagrams task and an equal number which were not. Reinforcement value of proper ordering of disorganized cues was inferred from the subject's heightened ability to detect previously solved anagram terms, indicating stronger learning of these terms upon prior solution. Males identified as open-style adapters were far more cognizant of words which they had previously ordered than other @entity1 -rearing groups, as predicted.

title: A proposed basis for XXXX formation within an information-processing model of paranoid development.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'child']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic']

answer: @entity8143 :: (MESH:D063726,Disease) :: ['delusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: IgG anti-GQ1b antibodies are associated with @entity4894 ( @entity4894 ), Bickerstaff @entity3308 (BBE), acute ophthalmoparesis and overlap of @entity4894 or BBE with @entity5011 ( @entity5011 ) ( @entity4894 / @entity5011 or BBE/ @entity5011 ). It has not been clearly established if the primary pathology of these disorders is demyelinating or axonal in nature. Rapid resolution of conduction slowing or block without signs of @entity17 has been reported in axonal subtypes of @entity5011 that are associated with IgG anti-GM1 or -GD1a antibodies. We hypothesised that such reversible conduction failure would be also observed in @entity74 . METHODS: Serial nerve conduction studies were prospectively performed in 15 @entity1 with @entity4894 and related conditions. RESULTS: Neither conduction block nor abnormal temporal dispersion was observed in any of the nerves at any point in all the @entity1 . Conduction velocities for none of the nerves were in the demyelinating range. The amplitude of sensory nerve action potential was decreased in three @entity4894 , one @entity4894 / @entity5011 and two BBE/ @entity5011 @entity1 . Compound muscle action potential amplitudes were decreased in the two BBE/ @entity5011 @entity1 . These decreases in amplitudes of sensory nerve action potential and compound muscle action potential promptly resolved without significant change in duration on serial studies. CONCLUSIONS: Reversible conduction failure was seen in six of the 15 @entity1 with @entity74 on serial nerve conduction studies. There were no signs of @entity17 @entity1 . The pathology appears to be primarily non-demyelinating. We believe these conditions form a continuous spectrum with axonal @entity5011 .

title: Non-demyelinating, reversible conduction failure in @entity4894 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination or remyelination in the 15', 'demyelination--remyelination']

entities_list: @entity3308 :: ('MESH:D020295', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity4894 :: ('MESH:D019846', 'Disease') :: ['FS', 'Fisher syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'Guillain--Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['FS and related disorders']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['related disorders']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of enteral nutrition (EN) as a maintenance therapy in @entity30 ( @entity30 ) @entity1 following surgery. METHODS: This study was an extension of our previous study to prolong the duration of intervention and follow-up from 1 to 5 years. Forty consecutive @entity1 who underwent resection for ileal or ileocolic @entity30 were included. Following surgery, 20 @entity1 received continuous elemental diet infusion during the nighttime plus a low-fat diet during the daytime (EN group). Another 20 @entity1 received neither nutritional therapy nor food restriction (control group). All @entity1 were followed for 5 years after operation. No @entity1 received @entity228 , immunosuppressants, or infliximab except @entity1 who developed recurrence. The end point of this study was recurrence requiring biologic therapy or reoperation. Recurrence rates were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis. RESULTS: In the EN group, four @entity1 could not continue tube intubation for elemental diet intake. Two @entity1 (10 %) in the EN group and nine @entity1 (45 %) in the control group developed recurrence requiring infliximab therapy (P = 0.03). The cumulative recurrence incidence rate requiring infliximab was significantly lower in the EN group vs the control group (P = 0.02). One @entity1 (5 %) in the EN group and five @entity1 (25 %) in the control group required reoperation for recurrence (P = 0.18). The cumulative incidence of reoperation was lower in the EN group vs the control group, the difference not being significant (P = 0.08). CONCLUSION: The outcomes of this study suggest that EN therapy reduces the incidence of postoperative @entity30 recurrence.

title: Enteral nutrition to suppress postoperative XXXX recurrence: a five-year prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: Long-term patency rates of small-diameter expanded @entity736 (ePTFE) vascular prostheses are unsatisfactory. Treatment of ePTFE grafts by @entity167 before implantation was reported to increase hydrophilic properties, yielding better endothelialization and cellular in-growth, thus improving graft healing. The effect of @entity167 pretreatment on ePTFE grafts and postoperative healing characteristics of wet ePTFE grafts were evaluated in this study. Ten sterile ePTFE grafts (2 mm ID, 30 micro thru-pore, 12 mm long) were implanted in the infrarenal aorta of male @entity35 (324-380 g). Five grafts were treated with @entity1068 70% and soaked with saline solution before implantation (wet); five nontreated grafts served as control. All @entity35 were sacrificed after digital subtraction angiography and sampling of the graft for histological investigation after 3 weeks. Histomorphometric analysis was performed for endothelial coverage, cellular in-growth, and intimal @entity1373 . All grafts were patent at the end of 3 weeks in both groups. Histological evaluation revealed significantly better endothelial coverage and prominent infiltration by fibroblasts and lymphocytes in the wet group. Endothelial coverage (31.03 +/- 10.61% vs. 13.03 +/- 9.46%, P = 0.03) and cellular infiltration of grafts (50.91 +/- 8.55% vs. 39.29 +/- 10.70%, P = 0.11) were higher in the wet group. Area of intimal @entity1373 per graft length was also higher in the wet group (5.32 +/- 4.75 microm(2)/microm vs. 2.69 +/- 3.41 microm(2)/microm, P = 0.36). Wetting of ePTFE grafts with @entity1068 70% pretreatment before implantation might have a beneficial effect on long-term patency of small-diameter vascular grafts due to facilitated graft healing.

title: XXXX pretreatment of small-diameter expanded @entity736 grafts: quantitative analysis of graft healing characteristics in the @entity35 abdominal aorta interposition model.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: Coal tar-treated @entity1569 @entity1 were used as a model population to test a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for urinary excretion of @entity3014 and related @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ). The ability of the ELISA to detect exposure was also compared with that of two previously established biomonitoring methods, measurement of urinary @entity9434 by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and mutagenicity measured by the @entity2491 mutagenesis assay. Urine samples were collected from 57 @entity1 and 53 untreated volunteers. Urinary excretion of @entity2556 metabolites, measured by competitive ELISA with a monoclonal antibody (4D5), was elevated in @entity1 (mean, 730 +/- 1370 mumol/mol @entity1011 ) compared with untreated volunteers (110 +/- 90 mumol/mol @entity1011 ; P < 0.0001). @entity9434 also was elevated in @entity1 (mean, 547 +/- 928 mumol/mol @entity1011 ) compared with volunteers (mean, 0.14 +/- 0.17 mumol/mol @entity1011 ; P < 0.0001). Much larger differences between mean values in @entity1 and volunteers were observed with the @entity9434 assay compared with the @entity2556 metabolite ELISA. No significant effect of smoking could be detected by either assay. Analysis by the @entity2491 mutagenesis assay indicated elevated mutagenicity in urine from @entity1 (1410 +/- 2750 revertants/mmol @entity1011 ) compared with volunteers (715 +/- 846 revertants/mmol @entity1011 ; P = 0.072). In all subjects, there was a good correlation between the @entity2556 metabolites and both @entity9434 (r = 0.717; P < 0.0001) and urinary mutagenicity (r = 0.317; P = 0.004). These results suggest that the ELISA, which easily can be carried out on large numbers of samples, can be used for monitoring urinary excretion of @entity2556 in a high exposure population. Ongoing studies are designed to determine its applicability to lower exposure populations.

title: Quantitation of @entity2555 , @entity9434 , and mutagenicity in urine of coal tar-treated XXXX @entity1 and untreated volunteers.

entities_list: @entity9434 :: ('MESH:C033146', 'Chemical') :: ['1-Hydroxypyrene', '1-hydroxypyrene']

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: Benign @entity1263 are divided into @entity808 , @entity3292 and @entity4847 . In recent years, @entity5 with hybrid features, composed of multiple, discrete areas of different histological types, were described. These @entity5 may represent a diagnostic challenge. A 24-year-old @entity1 with @entity15 was found to have a 1.3 cm TV   0.7 cm @entity22944 intermediate lesion within the left internal auditory canal. Gross examination revealed a tan-white, well circumscribed mass. Histologic examination demonstrated a well demarcated, cellular, solid @entity5 with a biphasic pattern. Most of the @entity5 was composed of spindle cells arranged in fascicles with focal @entity1053 formation and diffuse S100 positivity. A second, minor area showed concentric proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells around one or more axons. @entity5 cells in this area were positive for perineurial markers, @entity3670 and @entity1365 , and focally immunopositive for @entity2280 .We present here a case of a benign @entity1263 with histological and immunohistochemical features consistent with a dual pattern of differentiation of @entity808 and @entity4847 , in the VIIIth cranial nerve. This is, to our knowledge, the first case of a hybrid @entity4847 / @entity808 reported in a cranial nerve.

title: 24-year-old @entity1 with an internal auditory canal mass. Hybrid @entity1263 with XXXX / @entity4847 components.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma', 'schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity1263 :: ('MESH:D010524', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve sheath tumors', 'peripheral nerve sheath tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromas']

entities_list: @entity1053 :: ('MESH:D001835', 'Disease') :: ['Verocay body']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4847 :: ('MESH:D018317', 'Disease') :: ['perineurioma', 'perineuriomas']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['schwannoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: [corrected] Back @entity158 is a common reasons for seeking medical advice. Its high prevalence and increasing incidence in younger @entity1 is making @entity615 a major disease of civilization. Back @entity158 is usually accompanied by @entity2473 , so centrally-acting muscle relaxants are used in its treatment together with NSAIDs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The aim of our study was to evaluate the treatment of @entity615 with @entity21819 (Sirdalud) and NSAID's. 162 @entity1 (121 @entity1 and 41 @entity1 , mean age 55.6 years) were treated for @entity615 in our outpatient clinic in Bydgoszcz, Poland, from January to May 2004. Symptoms were assessed by VAS (visual analogue scale) during the initial and follow-up visits (at 4-5 and 10-14 days). X-ray was performed after the first visit. The control group consisted of 154 @entity1 (101 @entity1 and 53 @entity1 , mean age 52.3 years) were treated with NSAIDs only. The parameters assessed included time to initial @entity158 relief (VAS decrease of at least 1 point with total score remaining above 1 on the 10-point scale) and time to complete @entity158 relief (VAS less than 1 point), total dose of @entity21819 needed for initial and complete @entity158 relief, and adverse effects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: @entity21819 used in @entity615 accompanied by @entity2473 results in quick @entity158 relief (initial relief on the 2nd day of treatment, complete relief after 4 days, vs. initial relief on the 3rd day of treatment, complete after 7 days in the control group). The daily dosage and cumulative dose needed to achieve analgesic effect is low (lowest recommended dose by the producer). @entity21819 is well tolerated: adverse effects were rare (<6%, vs. 13% in the control group) and transient. The clinical effect of @entity21819 was prompt in acute @entity158 and more delayed in @entity102 .

title: [Effects of @entity615 treatment with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity21819 :: ('MESH:C023754', 'Chemical') :: ['Tizanidine', 'tizanidine']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity2473 :: ('MESH:D013035', 'Disease') :: ['increased muscle spasm', 'muscle spasm']

answer: @entity21819 :: (MESH:C023754,Chemical) :: ['tizanidine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to examine outcomes subsequent to implantation of drug-eluting stents ( @entity4743 ) and bare-metal stents (BMS). BACKGROUND: Use of @entity4743 might be associated with increased risk of stent @entity715 (ST), @entity583 ( @entity583 ), and @entity204 . METHODS: From January 2002 through June 2005, data from all percutaneous coronary interventions in western Denmark were prospectively recorded in the Western Denmark Heart Registry; 12,395 consecutive @entity1 (17,152 lesions) treated with stent implantation were followed for 15 months. Data on @entity204 and @entity583 were ascertained from the national databases. The Academic Research Consortium definition of ST was used. RESULTS: The @entity4743 were implanted in 3,548 @entity1 (5,422 lesions) and BMS were implanted in 8,847 @entity1 (11,730 lesions). Definite, probable, or possible ST was found in 190 (2.15%) @entity1 in the BMS group and in 64 (1.80%) @entity1 in the @entity4743 . The risk of definite ST was similar in the 2 groups ( @entity4743 : 0.65%; BMS: 0.61%). Very late definite ST (between 12 and 15 months after implantation) occurred more frequently in @entity1 receiving @entity4743 (hazard ratio [HR] 10.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27 to 93.76). Also, the risk of @entity583 between 12 and 15 months after implantation was higher in the @entity4743 group (HR 4.00, 95% CI 2.06 to 7.79). Mortality was similar in the 2 groups. @entity75 revascularization was reduced by 43% in @entity1 treated with @entity4743 (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.67). CONCLUSIONS: The minor risk of ST and @entity583 within 15 months after implantation of @entity4743 seems unlikely to outweigh the benefit of these stents.

title: Stent @entity715 , XXXX , and @entity204 after drug-eluting and bare-metal stent coronary interventions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Target lesion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Photosensitivity is a widely known characteristic of both @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). However, sun-induced organ involvement is rarely reported in @entity1252 . We describe a 34-year-old @entity1 who had been in complete remission of systemic @entity1252 for more than 8 years without treatment. After sunbathing, she developed acute sunburn followed by cutaneous @entity1252 in sun-exposed areas. Six weeks later, a @entity1988 was diagnosed and high serum levels of antidouble-stranded (ds) DNA and anti-Ro/SSA antibodies were detected. Treatment with systemic @entity786 and @entity617 led to @entity295 requiring assisted ventilation for more than 2 weeks and repeated hemodialysis. Clinical remission was achieved 3 months later by the use of @entity617 and @entity6051 mofetile. Meanwhile, mild @entity644 persisted, anti-dsDNA antibodies normalized. We hypothesize that the sunburn-induced keratinocyte @entity39 /apoptosis exposed intracellular antigens as trigger for the generation of autoantibodies that finally mediated immune-complex @entity1310 . The @entity1 highlights the impact of UV light not only on skin but also on internal organ involvement in @entity1252 .

title: Sun-induced life-threatening XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous and systemic lupus erythematosus', 'LE']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity6051 :: ('CHEBI:168396', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['lupus nephritis']


abstract: AIMS: To determine the prevalence of the various stages of @entity2316 in Type 1 @entity6 in a population-based survey. To make direct comparison with results from previous published studies to assess current trends. METHODS: Identification of all Type 1 @entity1 using a population-based @entity6 register. Urine samples for albumin assay were obtained at clinic visit and by postal request. Prevalence rates were calculated specifically for direct comparisons with previously published surveys. RESULTS: This study and European data from the 1990s show a clear reduction in the cumulative prevalence of microalbuminuria and established @entity8 compared with surveys from Copenhagen (1985), Pittsburgh (1986-8) and Boston (1992). In North Wales in 1999 the overall cumulative prevalence of microalbuminuria was 27.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 24.3-30.1%) and established @entity8 was 9.6% (7.7-11.5%). Comparisons with data from EURODIAB and from Spain indicated similar results, although the prevalence of microalbuminuria was lower in North Wales than in the EURODIAB study. Significantly lower rates of @entity8 were seen in more recent Swedish cohorts. @entity2316 remains more common in males. Microalbuminuria before 10 years duration of @entity6 was seen at all post-pubertal ages. CONCLUSIONS: Rates of @entity8 in Europe in the 1990s are lower than a decade ago. Modern methods of management are therefore associated with demonstrable benefit at the population level. The lowest rates of @entity8 are associated with optimum glycaemic control in Swedish data, indicating the importance of metabolic in addition to haemodynamic factors.

title: Population-based survey and analysis of trends in the prevalence of @entity2316 in Type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'Diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: This study examined the association between history of @entity308 and day-to-day coping with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity158 . The sample was 188 @entity309 -diagnosed @entity1 , 73 of whom were identified by a structured clinical interview as having a history of @entity308 . None had current @entity308 . All participated in a 30-day prospective study in which they made end-of-day ratings of their @entity625 @entity158 , the strategies for how they coped with their @entity158 , their appraisals of daily @entity158 , and daily mood. @entity3628 whether individuals with and without @entity308 history differed in their average @entity158 and the other daily measures; and separately, whether they differed in their within- @entity1 associations between @entity158 and the daily measures (e.g., the day-to-day contingency between @entity158 and mood). All analyses controlled for current mild @entity308 , @entity663 , and age. Previously @entity308 individuals were indistinguishable from their never @entity308 peers in their average @entity158 and the other daily measures; however, the previously @entity308 exhibited significantly stronger associations between @entity158 and several aspects of their daily emotional experience, suggesting more @entity158 -contingent well-being. For individuals with a history of @entity308 , increases in daily @entity158 corresponded with more frequent efforts to cope with their @entity158 by venting their emotions, significantly stronger impairments in mood, and, if they were also presently distressed, reduced perceptions of control over their @entity158 , compared to the never @entity308 . Patterns suggest that formerly @entity308 individuals exhibit a hidden vulnerability in how they manage @entity1118 . This vulnerability is best revealed by a daily process approach.

title: Coping with @entity309 in daily life: within- XXXX analyses reveal hidden vulnerability for the formerly @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'person']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depressed', 'depression', 'major depression']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['Hierarchical linear models evaluated']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['neuroticism']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['person']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In cases of large, diffuse or multilocular growth pattern of @entity320 , proton beam irradiation can serve as an alternative therapy to exenteration. In extended @entity5 , ocular surface problems can result after therapy. In this study we examined ocular surface integrity of ten @entity1 who underwent proton beam radiation between 1996 and 2002. METHODS: The @entity1 were examined during their follow-up. Eight of the ten cases who underwent proton radiotherapy were recurrent @entity5 , which were previously treated with other adjuvant therapies. We performed a standard ophthalmological examination and detailed tear film diagnostics. RESULTS: The follow-up was 17-87 months (mean: 40.9+/-20.1). In six cases more than 50% of the upper and lower eyelids were included in the radiation field. All of these cases showed moderate to severe sicca symptoms. The impression cytology revealed squamous metaplasia of conjunctival cells in nine of ten cases. CONCLUSIONS: Squamous metaplasia of conjunctival epithelia indicates a radiogenic, persisting disturbance of differentiation of the conjunctival epithelial cells. The tear film instability correlates with the loss of @entity3558 -secreting goblet cells and @entity409 .

title: [Analysis of ocular surface alterations following proton beam radiation in eyes with conjunctival XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['meibomian gland dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical utility of lung radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in @entity1 with unresectable pulmonary metastasis from @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively examined 39 @entity1 with unresectable metastases from @entity1358 who were treated with lung RFA. @entity1 with six or fewer lung metastases measuring < or =6 cm that were confined in the lung, had all @entity5 ablated (curative ablation). @entity1 with @entity75 , seven or more @entity5 , or large @entity5 of >6 cm, had mass reduction (palliative ablation). The primary endpoints was the overall survival, secondary endpoints were safety, local @entity5 progression rate, and recurrence-free survival in the curative ablation group. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the overall survival rates between the curative and palliative groups at 1 year (100% vs 90%), 3 years (100% vs 52%) and 5 years (100% vs 52%) (P < 0.05). The maximum @entity5 diameter was also a significant prognostic factor. There was local @entity5 progression in 13 @entity1 (33%) during the mean follow-up of 25 months. The recurrence-free survival rates were 92% at 1 year, 23% at 3 years and 23% at 5 years in the curative ablation group. Pneumothorax requiring chest tube placement (six of 89, 7%) and @entity55 (one of 89, 1%) were major complications. CONCLUSION: Lung RFA is a safe and effective treatment for prolonging survival in @entity1 with unresectable @entity1358 lung metastases.

title: Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for unresectable pulmonary metastases from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['extrapulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumour', 'lung tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: Since November 1992, 160 @entity1 were referred to the Vascular Surgery Laboratory for duplex scanning to assess whether a femoral @entity2849 was present. Of these @entity1 , 33 per cent (n = 53) had femoral @entity2849 with maximal diameters ranging from 1.5 to 8.1 cm. Most @entity2849 (79%; 42 of 53) followed diagnostic or therapeutic cardiac catheterization procedures. @entity2849 were treated by external compression using an ultrasound probe in 33 of these 53 @entity1 , and @entity715 of the @entity439 was successfully induced in 76 per cent (n = 25) of those in whom nonoperative external compression therapy was attempted. Of the eight @entity1 in whom compression was unsuccessful, three had severe @entity158 that required cessation of compression, and femoral nerve involvement by the @entity2849 was noted at surgery in two of the three. One additional @entity1 refused a second attempt at compression due to discomfort. Of the other four failures of compression, four (50% overall) received anticoagulants during or prior to compression. In 25 @entity1 with successful @entity715 after external compression, none had severe @entity158 from compression, and 40 per cent (n = 10) were on anticoagulants until or during compression. Four of the 53 (7.5%) @entity2849 diagnosed in the vascular laboratory subsequently thrombosed spontaneously, and two @entity1 (3.8%) experienced @entity397 . @entity715 of postcatheterization @entity2849 can be achieved by nonoperative compression therapy in most @entity1 . Severe @entity158 during external compression suggests possible femoral nerve involvement by the @entity2849 and is an indication for surgical therapy.

title: Nonoperative therapy for postcatheterization femoral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm rupture']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm thrombosis', 'thrombosis', 'Thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'artery pseudoaneurysms', 'Pseudoaneurysms', 'artery pseudoaneurysm', 'pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity2849 :: (MESH:D017541,Disease) :: ['artery pseudoaneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary factors ( @entity460 , proteins, @entity285 , coffee and tea intake), exercise, sunlight exposure and immobilization on bone mineral content (BMC) and @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in young @entity1 . @entity1 AND MEASUREMENTS: We examined a group of 300 healthy @entity1 , aged 18-30. Mean weight was 80-81 kg (53-125 kg range) and height 179 cm (160-195 cm range). Distal BMC (dBMC), distal @entity79 (dBMD) and ultradistal @entity79 (udBMD) at the radius were measured by single X-ray absorptiometry (Osteometer DTX). The data concerning lifestyle factors were obtained through a questionnaire. The 300 @entity1 were divided in four groups according to @entity460 intake, four groups taking into account protein and three groups @entity285 intake. There also were five groups of exercise level, six groups of sun exposure and two groups of duration of immobilization. RESULTS: In the group with the lowest levels of @entity460 intake (< 400 mg/day), dBMD and udBMD were lower than in the other groups of @entity460 intake (P = 0.002). dBMC and udBMD were lower (P = 0.043 and 0.015, respectively) in subjects with low physical activity (< 2 h/week), whereas dBMC and udBMD were higher (P < 0.0005) in subjects with frequent sun exposure (group labelled 'very often'). Multiple regression analysis on @entity79 of the forearm showed that, @entity460 intake, exercise and sunlight were also independent predictors of bone mass. No significant correlation between the other examined factors and @entity79 or BMC was detected. CONCLUSIONS: @entity460 intake, exercise level and sun exposure showed a statistically significant correlation with distal @entity79 and BMC in young adult @entity1 .

title: Lifestyle factors and forearm bone density in young Greek XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Genetically engineered radiolabeled antibody fragments have shown great promise for the radioimmunoscintigraphy of @entity5 . Retaining the exquisite specificity of monoclonal antibodies yet smaller in molecular size, antibody fragments display rapid @entity5 targeting and blood clearance, a more uniform distribution in the @entity5 , and present a lower potential to elicit an immune response. However, one of the factors that has limited clinical evaluation of these antibody-derived proteins has been the difficulty in expressing and purifying the quantities necessary for clinical trials. This study outlines the capability of @entity1 expression for the production of recombinant antibody fragments intended for clinical use. Two anti- @entity787 antibody fragments, the T84.66/212 Flex minibody ( @entity10390 -C(H)3) and the T84.66 diabody ( @entity10390 dimer) have been previously expressed and have shown excellent radioimaging properties in @entity5 bearing animals. To proceed toward @entity1 studies, these high affinity recombinant fragments and a second minibody version, the T84.66/GS18 Flex minibody, were expressed using a high-level @entity1 expression system. Production of all three antibody fragments in a small-scale hollow fiber bioreactor resulted in 137-307 mg of crude antibody harvest. A purification protocol that employed ceramic @entity692 and anion exchange chromatography resulted in 50-150 mg of purified T84.66 diabody and T84.66 minibody. The development of this level of research grade material established conditions for clinical production as well as provided material to complete pre-clinical studies and undertake protein crystallization studies. Scale-up for clinical studies produced 3.4 g of the T84.66 minibody in the harvest. A portion of this material was purified yielding 180 mg of highly purified T84.66 minibody intended for pilot radioimmunoscintigraphy studies of @entity787 ( @entity787 ) positive disease.

title: XXXX expression and hollow fiber bioreactor production of recombinant anti- @entity787 diabody and minibody for clinical applications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Mammalian']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity28 is becoming a growing health concern in the general population. Multiple studies have linked @entity66 to @entity28 . Furthermore, recent research has shown fat to be a critical element in the regulation of immunity and the inflammatory response. In this study, we sought to determine if body mass index (BMI) is associated with a higher incidence of complicated @entity4436 . METHODS: A retrospective review of @entity1 hospitalized with complicated @entity4436 between 1997 and 2006 was conducted. Medical, surgical and CT (Computed Tomography) guided interventions were evaluated in reference to age, gender, BMI and length of hospital stay (LOS). RESULTS: Charts of 104 controls and 614 @entity1 hospitalized with complicated @entity4436 were reviewed based on specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. There was no significant difference between groups by either gender (P = 0.066) or BMI (P = 0.648). There was a significant difference in age and LOS between three of the analyzed groups. No correlation was noted between BMI and LOS in any of the groups. DISCUSSION: There has been increasing interest in @entity28 and its ramifications in all areas of medicine, including @entity66 . Numerous studies have shown a strong correlation between acute @entity4436 and @entity28 , particularly in the young population. This study was undertaken to identify a possible link between complicated @entity4436 and @entity28 . Anecdotal reports and a few studies have found a parallel association. However, in this retrospective study, no correlation was found between BMI and the incidence of complicated @entity4436 .

title: @entity28 and XXXX : is there an association?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['complicated diverticular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many growth factors influence the bone healing cascade. Furthermore, the occasional failure of bone repair may in part be due to perturbation in the activation of local growth factors. Local activation of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) at the @entity174 site may serve to increase neovascularization, and induce early granulation formation that can affect bone healing. METHODS: We have performed a @entity35 parietal (6 x 3 mm) @entity3124 ( @entity3124 ). @entity1 recombinant @entity10494 (hraFGF) imbided in agarose was topically administered at the craniectomy site. Control animals received agarose alone in the same manner. Three weeks after surgery, osteopromotion was histologically evaluated. RESULTS: hraFGF-treated animals show a continuous bridge of regenerated bone extending from one edge of the defect to the other. None of the parietal defects that had been treated with agarose contained new bone in the central portion. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest an important role of FGFs to promote large cranioplasty repair and support the use of these proteins as an alternative choice for bone grafts and bone substitutes.

title: Osteopromotion for cranioplasty: an experimental study in @entity35 using XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical size defect', 'CSD']

entities_list: @entity10494 :: ('25317(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['acidic fibroblast growth factor']

answer: @entity10494 :: (25317(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['acidic fibroblast growth factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Until now, only @entity2213 and @entity2240 have proven clinical benefit in @entity1 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ), but almost all metastatic @entity5 eventually develop resistance to these agents, resulting in fatal disease progression. We aimed to assess efficacy and safety of @entity8486 in @entity1 with metastatic or unresectable @entity5 progressing after failure of at least @entity2213 and @entity2240 . METHODS: We did this phase 3 trial at 57 hospitals in 17 countries. @entity1 with histologically confirmed, metastatic or unresectable @entity5 , with failure of at least previous @entity2213 and @entity2240 were randomised in a 2:1 ratio (by computer-generated randomisation list and interactive voice response system; preallocated block design (block size 12); stratified by treatment line and geographical region) to receive either oral @entity8486 160 mg daily or placebo, plus best supportive care in both groups, for the first 3 weeks of each 4 week cycle. The study sponsor, @entity1 , and investigators were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). At disease progression, @entity1 assigned placebo could crossover to open-label @entity8486 . Analyses were by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01271712. RESULTS: From Jan 4, to Aug 18, 2011, 240 @entity1 were screened and 199 were randomised to receive @entity8486 (n=133) or matching placebo (n=66). Data cutoff was Jan 26, 2012. Median PFS per independent blinded central review was 4  8 months (IQR 1  4-9  2) for @entity8486 and 0  9 months (0  9-1  8) for placebo (hazard ratio [HR] 0  27, 95% CI 0  19-0  39; p<0  0001). After progression, 56 @entity1 (85%) assigned placebo crossed over to @entity8486 . Drug-related adverse events were reported in 130 (98%) @entity1 assigned @entity8486 and 45 (68%) @entity1 assigned placebo. The most common @entity8486 -related adverse events of grade 3 or higher were @entity101 (31 of 132, 23%), hand-foot skin reaction (26 of 132, 20%), and @entity294 (seven of 132, 5%). INTERPRETATION: The results of this study show that oral @entity8486 can provide a significant improvement in progression-free survival compared with placebo in @entity1 with metastatic @entity5 after progression on standard treatments. As far as we are aware, this is the first clinical trial to show benefit from a kinase inhibitor in this highly refractory population of @entity1 . FUNDING: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals.

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity8486 for advanced @entity5 after failure of @entity2213 and XXXX (GRID): an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumours', 'GIST']

entities_list: @entity8486 :: ('MESH:C559147', 'Chemical') :: ['regorafenib']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity2240 :: (MESH:C473478,Chemical) :: ['sunitinib']


abstract: A 39-year-old @entity1 came to us for surgical treatment of a @entity6691 suppurativa. Upon excision of a @entity733 , the diagnosis of a rare @entity5 , a perianal @entity3079 (pT4, @entity3121 , MO), was made. An abdominoperineal resection was performed, followed by a combination of adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy. A year after the operation, the @entity1 is doing well without any signs of recurrence. This @entity189 probably arises in the anal glands. It often presents as a @entity733 and/or an anal @entity292 . Therefore, the diagnosis is often delayed. At presentation, the @entity5 is bigger than 5 cm in diameter in 80% of the cases, and the prognosis is poor. It metastasizes mostly to the superficial inguinal or to the retrorectal lymph nodes. There are only case reports and no comparative studies in the literature. In the last 10 years, the @entity189 has mostly been treated by neoadjuvant radiation and chemotherapy, followed by abdominoperineal resection. Since then, the median survival has increased to 3 years. This is the first case report of a combination of a perianal @entity3079 with a @entity6691 suppurativa.

title: [Perianal @entity3079 . A further reason for histological study of anal XXXX or anorectal abscess].

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['perirectal abscess', 'perianal abscess']

entities_list: @entity6691 :: ('MESH:D016575', 'Disease') :: ['hidradenitis']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: Vascular grafts may be salvaged with thrombolytic therapy after acute occlusion as an alternative to balloon catheter thrombectomy. From October 1987 to May 1990, 15 arterial bypasses to the lower extremity (infrainguinal saphenous vein [n = 7] or expanded @entity736 [n = 6], and Dacron aortofemoral bifurcation graft limbs [n = 2]) were treated for 30 occulsions with intraarterial urokinase (390,000 IU to 5,808,000 IU) infused from 3 to 40 hours. The origins of 15 graft occlusions were @entity154 ( @entity1373 with @entity834 or conduit stricture), @entity2849 , or progression of disease distal to the graft. Two occlusions were @entity3459 . A cause could not be identified for 13 occlusions. Patency was initially restored to all grafts with use of thrombolytic therapy, however, adjunctive surgical thrombectomy to remove persistent @entity715 from the graft or outflow vessels was required after six thrombolytic infusions. One graft in the series could not be salvaged leading to below-knee amputation. Graft defects were corrected by balloon angioplasty (n = 7) or surgical revision of the conduit (n = 8). Five significant @entity548 occurred from the catheter insertion site requiring four emergent surgical procedures and resulting in the death of a fifth @entity1 from a @entity583 . This technique allows chemical thrombectomy of branch arteries distal to the graft and inaccessible to a balloon embolectomy catheter, and permits diagnosis of abnormal graft morphology that may be the cause of the graft occlusion. Graft reocclusion can be expected if technical defects in the arterial reconstruction are not revised or @entity49 states are not treated.

title: Percutaneous intraarterial thrombolysis in the treatment of XXXX of lower extremity arterial reconstructions.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['morphologic defects']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic complications']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['intimal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulable']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['attributed to coagulation disorders']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: Four cloned cell lines, MT-7, MT-8, MT-9 and MT-10, were established from a transplantable @entity1418 ( @entity1418 ) of F344 @entity35 to investigate the histogenesis of the @entity5 . Cells of MT-7, MT-9 and MT-10 had fine structures characteristic of histiocytes, such as numerous cell processes, many lysosomes and well-developed cytoplasmic organelles. They stained positively for histiocytic lysosomal and antigenic markers. In addition, MT-9 cells contained microfilaments and well-developed RER in their cytoplasm, suggesting that they may be facultative fibroblasts. MT-8 cells stained weakly for histiocytic markers and had scant cytoplasmic organelles. They were identified as undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. The @entity5 induced in syngeneic @entity35 by inoculating MT-7 or MT-10 consisted of a mixture of the pleomorphic, myxoid and storiform types of @entity1418 , and those by MT-9 were of the storiform type. Cells forming these @entity5 stained positively for histiocytic markers. @entity5 induced by MT-8 consisted of undifferentiated cells negative to these stainings. The histogenesis of @entity1418 is surmised to be related to various differentiation stages shifting from undifferentiated cells to histiocytic cells capable of acting as facultative fibroblasts.

title: Heterogeneity of cloned cell lines established from a transplantable XXXX @entity1418 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['MFH', 'malignant fibrous histiocytoma']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The hypothesis of this study was that non-exercise variables can be used to reliably predict peak @entity26 consumption (VO2) in @entity1 with @entity1224 ( @entity1224 ). We also evaluated the impact of symptoms on exercise capacity. Selected predictor variables included age, lung function, respiratory muscle strength, gas exchange, and the Baseline Dyspnea Index (BDI). In 40 @entity1 peak VO2 was 19.9 +/- 8.7 (mean +/- SD) ml.kg-1.min-1 during progressive, incremental exercise until limited by symptoms on a cycle ergometer. Multiple regression analysis yielded three significant predictors: forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), age, and BDI. Peak VO2 (ml.kg-1.min-1) = 5.5 (FEV1) - 0.3 (age) + 0.8 (BDI) + 19.3 (R2 = 0.79; SEE: 4.2 ml.kg-1.min-1). Comparisons between @entity1 who stopped exercise because of @entity1353 (N = 14) and those who stopped because of leg @entity1295 (N = 18) showed that lung function, inspiratory muscle strength, and peak VO2 were significantly reduced in the former group compared to the latter. Peak exercise ventilation (VE)/MVV ratio was similar in the breathless (95.3 +/- 23.8%) and leg @entity1295 (86.8 +/- 20.3) groups, but peak heart rate (HR)/pred. HRmax ratio was significantly higher in the leg @entity1295 group (86.8 +/- 12.6%) than in the breathless group (75.1 +/- 8.6%) (P = 0.006). We conclude that lung function, age, and the clinical rating of @entity1353 reliably predict peak VO2 in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1224 . Moreover, peak exercise performance in @entity1224 appears to be affected by different physiological factors which may be distinguished by the major symptom limiting exercise.

title: Prediction of peak XXXX consumption in @entity1224 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathlessness']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive airway disease', 'OAD']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: PURPOSE: A clinical trial for @entity1 with @entity356 amenable to curative resection was undertaken to determine feasibility and response to preoperative systemic chemotherapy followed by postoperative intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Thirty-eight @entity1 with resectable @entity356 received two cycles of protracted intravenous (IV)-infusion @entity1487 (5FU), 200 mg/m2/d, for 3 weeks with weekly IV @entity4181 20 mg/m2 and IV @entity900 100 mg/m2 days 1 and 29. Resection of the @entity356 followed within 3 weeks of completion of systemic chemotherapy. Those who had all visible @entity5 removed with clear margins received two cycles of IP @entity10049 3,000 mg (total dose) per day for 3 days and IP @entity900 200 mg/m2 with IV @entity15451 on the fourth day of IP therapy. RESULTS: Thirty-seven of 38 @entity1 (97%) received two cycles of systemic chemotherapy. Thirty-five of 38 @entity1 (92%) underwent laparotomy for @entity356 resection. Thirty-three @entity1 (87%) had gastric resections performed; 29 (76%) had all visible @entity5 removed with microscopically negative margins. No operative mortality was encountered. Twenty-six @entity1 (68%) received IP treatment. IV neoadjuvant treatment was well tolerated and resulted in 68% of the @entity1 reporting improvement in @entity490 , 45% objective remissions by computed tomography (CT), 38% objective remissions by gastroscopy and biopsy, and 8% had complete surgical pathologic response. @entity1398 during the IP treatment phase contributed to the only treatment-related @entity204 . Four of 29 completely resected @entity1 (14%) have had @entity5 recurrence. The median follow-up time of @entity1 remaining alive is now 19 months. The median survival for 38 @entity1 entered onto this protocol has not been reached at 17+ months. CONCLUSION: This novel approach to the treatment of @entity420 is feasible. The neoadjuvant systemic therapy results in significant primary @entity5 regression. The determination of whether systemic or IP components of the program contribute to decreased recurrence or increased survival awaits a prospectively randomized clinical trial.

title: Preoperative systemic chemotherapy followed by adjuvant postoperative intraperitoneal therapy for XXXX : a University of Southern California pilot program.

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity10049 :: ('MESH:D005467', 'Chemical') :: ['floxuridine']

entities_list: @entity15451 :: ('MESH:C017717', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium thiosulfate']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the stomach']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric tumor', 'gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To clarify the contribution of @entity64 to the risk of @entity173 ( @entity173 ) and the influence of gender difference on @entity173 , and to estimate the incidence rate of poststroke @entity173 . DESIGN: A prospective, probability-sampling, 10-year, population-based cohort study. SETTING: A National Health Insurance Research Database consisting of 200,432 randomly selected enrollees. @entity1 : Subjects with acute @entity385 (N=1951; mean age    SD, 65.6    9.8y; 56.5% @entity1 ) were identified. For each @entity64 subject, 2 age- and gender-matched controls were recruited. Control subjects did not have any @entity75 . Those subjects younger than 45 years were excluded. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The incidence rate and the adjusted hazard ratio of sustaining an @entity173 were estimated. The cumulative @entity173 -free probability was plotted. RESULTS: @entity64 subjects had a higher incidence rate of @entity173 than their controls ( @entity1 : 11.3 vs 4.4/1000 @entity1 -years, P<.001; @entity1 : 5.6 vs 2.9/1000 @entity1 -years, P<.001). The risk of @entity173 was higher among @entity64 subjects, yielding an adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 2.33 (1.62-3.34) for @entity1 and 1.73 (1.12-2.68) for @entity1 . Compared with @entity1 with @entity64 , @entity1 with @entity64 had an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.83 (1.18-2.85). @entity64 subjects had a lower cumulative @entity173 -free probability throughout the 10-year duration than did the control subjects ( @entity1 , P<.001; @entity1 , P=.005). Half of the poststroke HFs occurred within 2.5 years of the onset of @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity385 is a risk factor for @entity173 , which is at work over and beyond age and gender. Being a @entity1 with @entity64 increases this @entity174 risk. An active program for @entity174 prevention might prove effective for @entity64 subjects, and this may be especially true for @entity1 .

title: Contribution of XXXX to @entity173 risk and the influence of gender difference.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disease']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture', 'HF']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study is to report the clinical outcome of acute @entity3225 after @entity231 surgery. DESIGN: The study design is a cohort study. @entity1 : Fourteen eyes of 14 @entity1 with @entity3082 acute @entity86 after exposure to bacteria-contaminated viscoelastic material were studied. INTERVENTION: Three @entity1 with milder clinical presentations were treated without vitrectomy or antibiotics. Eleven @entity1 with more severe @entity281 were treated with vitrectomy as well as intravitreous and topical fortified antibiotics. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Final visual acuities were obtained in all 14 study @entity1 . Results of microbiologic studies of aqueous and vitreous specimens from 11 vitrectomized eyes also were analyzed. RESULTS: One @entity1 with late presentation had severe @entity32 and had phthisis bulbi develop with no light perception. The remaining 13 @entity1 had successful resolution of @entity32 after treatment by 1 month of follow-up. Twelve of these 13 @entity1 , including 1 nonvitrectomized @entity1 , had final visual acuities of 20/100 or better at 6 months' follow-up. Six @entity1 , including two @entity1 with nonvitrectomized eyes, had outcomes of 20/40 or better visual acuity. Bacillus species were grown from all 11 (100%) vitreous and 7 (88%) of 8 aqueous specimens obtained from vitrectomized @entity1 , as well as from the contaminated viscoelastic material remaining in the operating room. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative @entity3225 need not result in poor outcome. Results depend on factors including bacterial load, specific bacterial species, timing of treatment, and immune status of the @entity1 .

title: @entity3225 after XXXX surgery I: acute presentation and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['Bacillus endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Twenty @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity3123 without any endoscopic evidence of @entity10189 were included in the study. The aim was to determine changes in gastric myoelectric activity and liquid/solid gastric emptying induced by @entity788 . METHODOLOGY: According to TNM/UICC classification @entity1 were divided into two groups A (T2) and B (T3) due to extent of @entity5 invasion (mainly to retroperitoneum space). In all @entity1 electrogastrography, solid and liquid gastric emptying tests were performed. RESULTS: In the majority of @entity1 of groups A and B the most commonly reported complaints included upper @entity490 (60% vs. 80%) and icterus (80% vs. 60%). Dyspeptic symptoms were observed in 40% @entity1 of group A and 90% in group B. In group electrogastrography recordings showed @entity943 patterns, mostly bradygastria, in 50% of group A @entity1 and in 80% of group B. Liquid/solid gastric emptying were delayed in 20/40% of group A @entity1 and 50/80% of group B. Disorders of gastric myoelectric activity and emptying correlated with @entity5 stage and location across analyzed groups but not with histology and @entity3638 levels. CONCLUSIONS: It was observed that solid gastric emptying is affected earlier compared to liquid gastric emptying. @entity356 may be attributed to @entity490 but not mechanical effects of @entity5 growth that occur during the course of disease.

title: XXXX -induced changes in gastric myoelectric activity and emptying.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain', 'gastric dysrhythmia and/or abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['dysrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Delayed gastric emptying']

answer: @entity3123 :: (MESH:C562463,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic carcinoma']


abstract: Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a pivotal event in the pathogenesis of liver @entity82 . Pharmacological induction of HSC apoptosis could be a promising strategy for @entity82 regression. Natural product @entity19316 ( @entity1597 ) exhibits potent antifibrotic activities in vivo. However, the molecular mechanisms remain to be defined. The present study aimed at investigating the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of @entity1597 on HSCs and elucidating the underlying mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that @entity1597 had no apparent cytotoxic effects on hepatocytes, but significantly inhibited HSC proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 checkpoint. These effects were associated with @entity1597 regulation of @entity4910 , @entity994 , @entity5438 and @entity876 . Furthermore, we found that @entity1597 disrupted mitochondrial functions and led to activation of caspase cascades in HSCs. Mechanistic investigations revealed that @entity1597 selectively blocked the @entity3963 ( @entity3963 ) signaling and activated @entity876 , which was required for @entity1597 induction of caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis in HSCs. Autodock simulations predicted that @entity1597 could directly bind to @entity3963 with two @entity3884 bonds and low energy score, indicating that @entity3963 could be a direct target molecule for @entity1597 within HSCs. Moreover, @entity1597 altered expression of some marker proteins relevant to HSC activation. These data collectively revealed that @entity1597 modulation of @entity3963 / @entity876 signaling led to mitochondrial-mediated and caspase-dependent apoptosis in HSCs in vitro. These studies provided mechanistic insights into the antifibrotic properties of @entity1597 that may be exploited as a potential option for hepatic @entity82 .

title: @entity19316 induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and stimulates mitochondrial-mediated and caspase-dependent apoptosis through modulating XXXX / @entity876 signaling in hepatic stellate cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity19316 :: ('MESH:C017953', 'Chemical') :: ['tetramethylpyrazine']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity3963 :: ('5594', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase', 'ERK', 'ERK2']

answer: @entity3963 :: (5594,Gene) :: ['ERK']


abstract: The role of CT in determining the need for angiography in @entity1 with possible @entity1317 resulting from @entity130 is controversial. During a 24-month period, we prospectively evaluated the results of CT to screen 90 @entity1 with a history of decelerating thoracic @entity130 for evidence of @entity548 or great vessel abnormality. All @entity1 either had equivocally abnormal mediastinal contours on chest radiographs (64%) or had technically suboptimal chest radiographs owing to body habitus or restriction to the supine projection (36%). @entity1 with unequivocal signs of @entity548 on chest radiographs underwent immediate arteriography without prior CT. Thoracic CT was interpreted as normal in 63 (77%) @entity1 and no further imaging was performed. Five @entity1 had technically suboptimal CT studies, and CT scans were interpreted as equivocal in six. These 11 @entity1 had normal arteriograms. Sixteen CT scans (18%) demonstrated evidence of @entity548 and/or great vessel contour abnormality. Four (27%) of 15 @entity1 who underwent arteriography had injury to the great vessels. One @entity1 refused to undergo angiography. In 11 @entity1 with CT evidence of @entity548 , major @entity1317 was not seen on arteriography. These results suggest a valuable role for CT in determining the need for arteriography to detect potential great @entity130 in @entity1 with blunt decelerating thoracic @entity130 and equivocally abnormal mediastinal contours on chest radiographs.

title: Value of CT in determining the need for angiography when findings of XXXX on chest radiographs are equivocal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury', 'thoracic vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma', 'trauma', 'vessel injury']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinal hemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['mediastinal hemorrhage']


abstract: Nine previously untreated @entity1 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) were treated with recombinant @entity4020 (rIFN-alpha 2a) and @entity1862 . @entity1 received 6 X 10(6) U rIFN-alpha 2a daily for the first week and 3 X 10(6) U rIFN-alpha 2a daily for the second week. As maintenance treatment starting on day 15, @entity1 received 3 X 10(6) U rIFN-alpha 2a 3 times a week. Simultaneously, @entity1862 was given, starting at a dose of 40 mg/kg on day one. The maintenance dosage was adjusted to the white blood cell count. Two @entity1 responded with complete hematological remissions but without cytogenetic and molecular-genetic improvements. Seven @entity1 responded with partial hematological remissions. Response to therapy was rapid; normal white blood cell counts were reached after a median of 12 days. The doses of rIFN-alpha 2a and @entity1862 needed to keep the leucocyte count in the normal range were low (3 X 10(6) U rIFN-alpha 2a 3 times per week, 0.5-1.5 g @entity1862 /day). Acute @entity137 of the combination therapy consisted of fever (9 of 9 @entity1 ), flulike symptoms (7 of 9 @entity1 ), @entity111 and/or @entity1910 (3 of 9 @entity1 ) and evidence of a @entity5 cell lysis syndrome (1 of 9 @entity1 ). The side effects were not dose-limiting. Combination therapy with rIFN-alpha 2a and @entity1862 for @entity1860 is well tolerated and allows quick and effective hematological control of the disease.

title: A phase I/II study of recombinant @entity4020 and @entity1862 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity4020 :: ('3440', 'Gene') :: ['interferon alpha 2a']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myelocytic leukemia']