abstract: @entity750 ( @entity750 ) plays an important role in the modulation of behavior across animal species. The @entity750 1A receptor ( @entity19472 ) is an inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor that is expressed both on @entity750 and non- @entity750 neurons in mammals. @entity19 lacking @entity19472 show increased @entity146 suggesting that its activation by @entity750 has an anxiolytic effect. This outcome can be mediated by either @entity19472 population present on @entity750 (auto-receptor) or non- @entity750 neurons (hetero-receptor), or both. In addition, both transgenic and pharmacological studies have shown that @entity750 acts on @entity19472 during development to modulate @entity148 in adulthood, demonstrating a function for this receptor in the maturation of @entity148 in the brain. However, previous studies have been equivocal about which @entity19472 population modulates @entity146 , with some studies showing a role of @entity19472 hetero-receptor and others implicating the auto-receptor. In particular, cell-type specific rescue and suppression of @entity19472 expression in either forebrain principal neurons or brainstem @entity750 neurons reached opposite conclusions about the role of the two populations in the @entity148 phenotype of the knockout. One interpretation of these apparently contradictory findings is that the modulating role of these two populations depends on each other. Here we use a novel Cre-dependent inducible allele of @entity19472 in @entity19 to show that expression of @entity19472 in cortical principal neurons is sufficient to modulate @entity148 . Together with previous findings, these results support a hetero/auto-receptor interaction model for @entity19472 function in @entity148 .

title: Modulation of @entity148 by cortical XXXX 1A receptors.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety behavior']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety circuits', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin', 'Serotonin', '5-HT']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: @entity703 are usually urothelial @entity189 . The @entity5 are extremely rare. @entity1127 are the most common @entity5 of the upper urinary tract. They are found most commonly in the ureter but several have been reported in the renal pelvis. @entity1 usually present with @entity158 and less commonly @entity811 . Grossly, these polypoid structures are smooth nodules or filiform projections varying is size from a few millimeters to several centimetres. Histologically, they consist of a thick @entity82 with numerous vascular channels covered by a layer of normal or hyperplastic transitional epithelium. The etiology of these @entity5 is unknown but congenital, obstruction, @entity566 and @entity130 have been implicated. Conservative treatment is recommended when the diagnosis is certain. To our knowledge, this is the first report of @entity8 in a @entity1 with @entity8 .

title: [A @entity8 in a @entity1 with XXXX . Apropos a case].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['fibroepithelial polyp of the renal pelvis', 'horseshoe kidney']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous stalk']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['Fibroepithelial polyps']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumors', 'tumors', 'mesodermal tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['Tumours of the renal pelvis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['horseshoe kidneys']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity955 after cardiac operations is a source of morbidity and resource consumption. Various factors common to cardiac operations have been cited as causal. Comparison of the incidences of @entity955 after conventional cardiac operations and minimally invasive cardiac operations may provide some insight into the mechanisms of this complication. METHODS: All @entity1 undergoing minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting from January 26, 1996, through September 17, 1997, were evaluated for the occurrence of in-hospital postoperative @entity955 . Data from these 55 @entity1 were compared with data from a control cohort of @entity1 undergoing conventional, solitary coronary artery bypass grafting. Each @entity1 undergoing minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting was matched by age (+/- 3 years) and date of operation (+/- 7 days) with a @entity1 undergoing conventional coronary artery bypass grafting. RESULTS: During the period since the advent of minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting at our institution, the incidence of postoperative @entity955 has been slightly lower among the @entity1 undergoing this form of coronary artery bypass grafting (26%) than among the total population of @entity1 undergoing conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (34%). Comparison of the age-matched groups, however, showed the incidence to be slightly but not significantly greater in the minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting cohort (13/55, 24%) than in the conventional coronary artery bypass grafting cohort (11/55, 20%; P =. 6). The minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting group was less likely to be discharged with antiarrhythmic therapy than was the conventional coronary artery bypass grafting group (6 versus 10; P =.006). CONCLUSIONS: According to these data, mechanisms traditionally implicated in @entity955 after coronary artery bypass grafting, such as the use of cardiopulmonary bypass, mechanical manipulation of the atrium, and @entity63 , are not causal but may be related to the duration of the arrhythmic complication. Strategies directed toward management and reduction of the incidence of postoperative @entity955 should be focused accordingly.

title: XXXX after minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting: A retrospective, matched study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['atrial ischemia']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['Atrial fibrillation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyse the diagnostic signs present in slices of @entity1 @entity0 specimens using synchrotron radiation phase-contrast imaging computed tomography (PCI-CT) for the first time and assess the feasibility of this technique for clinical applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ethics committee of our university and relevant clinical hospital approved this prospective study, and written informed consent was obtained from all @entity1 . PCI-CT of @entity1 @entity0 specimens with synchrotron radiation was performed at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF). A total of 14 specimens of @entity5 and 8 specimens of @entity652 were enrolled. Based on raw data reconstruction, the diagnostic signs present in the slices were analysed and correlated with histopathology. We proposed a criterion for clinical diagnosis according to the evaluated signs and the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) for reference. The criterion was then assessed by clinicians in a double-blind method. Finally, descriptive statistics were evaluated, depending on the assessment results. RESULTS: The 14 @entity189 specimens and 8 @entity652 specimens were diagnosed as @entity5 , respectively. The total coincidence rate was 100%. CONCLUSION: Our study results demonstrate that the X-ray diagnostic signs observed in the specimen slices and the criterion used for clinical diagnosis were accurate and reliable. The criterion based on signs analysis can be used to differentiate early-stage benign or @entity5 . As a promising imaging method, PCI-CT can serve as a possible and feasible supplement to BI-RADS in the future.

title: Signs Analysis and Clinical Assessment: Phase-Contrast Computed Tomography of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumour']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'malignant and benign tumours', 'early-stage carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Tumours']


abstract: Efficient chemical control is achieved when insecticides are active against insect pests and safe to natural enemies. In this study, the @entity137 of 17 insecticides to the sweetpotato whitefly, @entity3745 ), and the selectivity of seven insecticides to natural enemies of this insect pest were evaluated. To determine the insecticide @entity137 , @entity3745 adults were exposed to abamectin, @entity43963 , @entity37948 , cartap, @entity5051 , @entity2959 , @entity57066 , @entity9687 , @entity5179 , @entity316 , @entity41724 , @entity2960 , @entity24666 , @entity3434 , @entity39056 , @entity315 and @entity11546 at 50 and 100% of the field rate (FR), and to water (untreated control). To determine the insecticide selectivity, adults of Encarsia sp., Acanthinus sp., Discodon sp. and Lasiochilus sp. were exposed to abamectin, @entity43963 , @entity37948 , cartap, @entity5051 , @entity2959 and @entity57066 at 50 and 100% FR, and to water. Groups of each insect species were exposed to kale leaves preimmersed in each treatment under laboratory conditions. Mortality of exposed individuals was recorded 24 h after treatment. Cartap and @entity5051 at 50 and 100% FR and abamectin and @entity37948 at 100% FR showed insecticidal activity to @entity3745 adults. Abamectin at 50 and 100% FR was the least insecticidal compound to the natural enemies Acanthinus sp., Discodon sp. and Lasiochilus sp. The present results suggest that abamectin at 100% FR may decrease @entity3745 field populations but can still be harmless to predators. Implications of these results within an integrated pest management context are discussed.

title: XXXX of insecticides to the sweetpotato whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and its natural enemies.

entities_list: @entity2960 :: ('MESH:D005278', 'Chemical') :: ['fenitrothion']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3745 :: ('7038', 'Species') :: ['Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius', 'B. tabaci']

entities_list: @entity5179 :: ('MESH:C017160', 'Chemical') :: ['cypermethrin']

entities_list: @entity3434 :: ('MESH:D005284', 'Chemical') :: ['fenthion']

entities_list: @entity39056 :: ('MESH:C008838', 'Chemical') :: ['phenthoate']

entities_list: @entity11546 :: ('MESH:D014236', 'Chemical') :: ['trichlorphon']

entities_list: @entity9687 :: ('MESH:C099952', 'Chemical') :: ['bifenthrin']

entities_list: @entity41724 :: ('MESH:C017690', 'Chemical') :: ['esfenvalerate']

entities_list: @entity37948 :: ('MESH:C464485', 'Chemical') :: ['acetamiprid']

entities_list: @entity24666 :: ('MESH:C044267', 'Chemical') :: ['fenpropathrin']

entities_list: @entity2959 :: ('MESH:D008294', 'Chemical') :: ['malathion']

entities_list: @entity315 :: ('MESH:D026023', 'Chemical') :: ['permethrin']

entities_list: @entity316 :: ('MESH:C017180', 'Chemical') :: ['deltamethrin']

entities_list: @entity57066 :: ('MESH:C014655', 'Chemical') :: ['methamidophos']

entities_list: @entity5051 :: ('MESH:C082359', 'Chemical') :: ['imidacloprid']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Illegal drugs exacerbate global social challenges such as @entity734 , mental health issues and violent crime. Police and customs officials often rely on specially-trained sniffer @entity235 , which act as sensitive biological detectors to find concealed illegal drugs. However, the @entity235 "alert" is no longer sufficient evidence to allow a search without a warrant or additional probable cause because @entity835 has been legalized in two US states and is decriminalized in many others. Retraining @entity235 to recognize a narrower spectrum of drugs is difficult and training new @entity235 is time consuming, yet there are no analytical devices with the portability and sensitivity necessary to detect substance-specific chemical signatures. This means there is currently no substitute for sniffer @entity235 . Here we describe an insect screening procedure showing that the western @entity5157 ( @entity5157 ) can sense volatiles associated with pure samples of @entity4521 and @entity2072 . We developed a portable electroantennographic device for the on-site measurement of volatile perception by these insects, and found a positive correlation between @entity5157 antennal responses and the concentration of specific drugs in test samples. Furthermore, we tested the ability of @entity5157 to learn the scent of @entity4521 and trained them to show a reliable behavioral response in the presence of a highly-diluted scent of pure @entity4521 . Trained @entity5157 could therefore be used to complement or replace the role of sniffer @entity235 as part of an automated drug detection system. Insects are highly sensitive to volatile compounds and provide an untapped resource for the development of biosensors. Automated conditioning as presented in this study could be developed as a platform for the practical detection of illicit drugs using insect-based sensors.

title: Detection of Illicit Drugs by Trained @entity5157 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance addiction']

entities_list: @entity5157 :: ('7460', 'Species') :: ['honeybee', 'Apis mellifera', 'honeybees']

answer: @entity5157 :: (7460,Species) :: ['Apis mellifera']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A minority of @entity1 with incurable and @entity1442 receive specialised palliative care. Specialised palliative care services that complement the care of difficult and complex cases ought to be integrated with services that deliver general care for most @entity1 . A typical setting in which this integrative concept takes place is the hospital setting, where @entity1 suffering from incurable and @entity1442 are treated in many different departments. The aim of the study is to investigate the profile and spectrum of a palliative care consultation service (PCCS) at a German university hospital with special reference to @entity158 therapy. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed the PCCS documentation of three years. RESULTS: Most @entity1 were referred from non-surgical departments, 72% were inpatients, and 28% were outpatients. 98% of the @entity1 suffered from @entity5 . Counselling in @entity158 therapy was one of the key aspects of the consultation: For 76% of all consulted @entity1 , modifications of the analgesic regimen were recommended, which involved opioids in 96%. Recommendations on @entity158 medication were made for 70% of the @entity1 ; this was an opioid in most cases (68%). The most commonly used opioid was @entity1286 . For 17% of the @entity1 , additional diagnostic procedures were recommended. Besides @entity158 management palliative care consultation implied a wide range of recommendations and services: In addition to organising home care infrastructure, palliative care services supported @entity1 and their families in understanding the life-limiting diseases. They also coordinated physical therapy and social and legal advice. CONCLUSION: This survey clearly shows that for a consultation service to support @entity1 with incurable or @entity1442 , a multi-disciplinary approach is necessary to meet the complex requirements of a needs-adapted palliative care in inpatient or outpatient settings. Timely integration of palliative expertise may support symptom control and may give the required advice to @entity1 , their carers, and their families.

title: Characteristics of a palliative care consultation service with a focus on XXXX in a German university hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'breakthrough-pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of PET and MRI fused image study inpatients with primary @entity1313 previously treated, to determine the presence of radionecrosis vs @entity41 viability. METHODS: Primary @entity1313 were diagnosed by biopse and MR. 18FDG-PET scan and T1 enhanced MRI follow-up studies were performed between 3 and 5 months after treatment. The @entity419 uptake was semiquantitavively calculated by a region-of-interest based @entity5 hotspot/normal brain tissue index. RESULTS: Fifty-seven @entity1 were studied, 37 had high grade @entity11 ; 9 had @entity816 ; 5 had @entity5 ; I had a meningyoma and I had an @entity5 . All MR studies showed @entity5 enhancement, without determine wether if it was radionecrosis or @entity5 viability. PET/MR fused study diagnosed 21 negative studies (30%) and 36 positive results (70%). @entity5 hotspot/normal brain tissue index correlated well with the visual analysis registered. CONCLUSIONS: Visual analysis in the contrast enhanced MR overestimates the tumoral area, without defining a possible diagnosis between @entity5 viability and radionecrosis. Metabolic activity in the @entity419 PET study in the enhanced area, determines the presence of @entity41 viability. Therefore, coregistration can be used to obtain a more specific diagnosis optimizing the cinical use.

title: [Validation of MRI and @entity419 -PET coregistration in XXXX with primary @entity1313 ].

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Embrionary tumors', 'Tumor', 'oliodendroglial tumor']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['oligoastrocytomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate @entity5 control and outcome from radiosurgery of @entity1653 diagnosed by imaging without pathologic verification. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 219 @entity1653 diagnosed by imaging criteria underwent gamma knife radiosurgery to a median marginal @entity5 dose of 14 Gy (range 8.9-20), a median treatment volume of 5.0 cm(3) (range 0.47-56.5), and a median maximal dose of 28 Gy (range 22-50). The median follow-up was 29 months (range 2-164). RESULTS: Tumor progression developed in 7 cases, 2 of which turned out to be different @entity5 (metastatic nasopharyngeal adenoid @entity189 and @entity511 ). One @entity5 was controlled, but the development of other brain metastases suggested a different diagnosis. The @entity5 control rate was 93.2% +/- 2.7% at 5 and 10 years. The actuarial rate of identifying a diagnosis other than @entity1653 was 2.3% +/- 1.4% at 5 and 10 years. The actuarial rate of developing any postradiosurgical injury reaction was 8.8% +/- 3.0% at 5 and 10 years. No pretreatment variables correlated with @entity5 control in univariate or multivariate analysis. The risk of postradiosurgery sequelae was lower (5.3% +/- 2.3%) in @entity1 treated after 1991 (with stereotactic MRI and lower doses; p = 0.0104) and tended to increase with treatment volume (p = 0.0537). CONCLUSION: Radiosurgery of @entity1653 diagnosed by imaging without tissue confirmation is associated with a high rate of @entity5 control and acceptable morbidity but carries a small risk (2.3%) of an incorrect diagnosis.

title: Gamma knife radiosurgery of imaging-diagnosed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'actuarial tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma', 'meningiomas']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['intracranial meningioma']


abstract: @entity4149 kinase inhibitors (TKI) have changed the natural course of @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ). With the advent of second-generation TKI safety and efficacy issues have gained interest. The randomized @entity1860 -Study IV was used for a long-term evaluation of @entity2213 (IM). 1503 @entity1 have received IM, 1379 IM monotherapy. After a median observation of 7.1 years, 965 @entity1 (64%) still received IM. At 10 years, progression-free survival was 82%, overall survival 84%, 59% achieved MR(5), 72% MR(4.5), 81% MR(4), 89% major molecular remission and 92% MR(2) (molecular equivalent to complete cytogenetic remission). All response levels were reached faster with IM800 mg except MR(5). Eight-year probabilities of adverse drug reactions (ADR) were 76%, of grades 3-4 22%, of non-hematologic 73%, and of hematologic 28%. More ADR were observed with IM800 mg and IM400 mg plus interferon a (IFN). Most @entity1 had their first ADR early with decreasing frequency later on. No new late @entity137 was observed. ADR to IM are frequent, but mostly mild and manageable, also with IM 800   mg and IM 400   mg+IFN. The deep molecular response rates indicate that most @entity1 are candidates for IM discontinuation. After 10 years, IM continues to be an excellent initial choice for most @entity1 with @entity1860 .

title: Safety and efficacy of @entity2213 in XXXX over a period of 10 years: data from the randomized @entity1860 -study IV.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['CML']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: @entity86 (PNA) has been identified as a preventable never event by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). The CMS has discussed possibly discontinuing reimbursement for this @entity260 . In this study, risk factors, @entity1 outcomes, and hospital charges of care associated with postoperative PNA in @entity1 undergoing pituitary surgery were evaluated. METHODS: Discharge data of @entity1 who underwent pituitary surgery between 2002 and 2010 were obtained from the National Inpatient Sample database. Demographics, preexisting comorbidities, @entity260 , morbidity, length of hospital stay, and hospital charges were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 15,317 @entity1 were included in this analysis. Ninety-eight @entity1 (0.6%) were diagnosed with PNA postoperatively. There was a significant association between postoperative PNA and older age (P   <   0.001), male gender (P   =   0.044), and transfrontal surgical approach (P   <   0.001). @entity1 with @entity417 , @entity712 , chronic @entity358 , @entity6 , fluid and electrolyte disorders, @entity912 , and @entity353 had a significantly higher rate of PNA. @entity1 with PNA had a significantly higher mortality (P   <   0.001). They also incurred on average over four times the hospital charges and nearly five times longer hospitalizations compared to @entity1 without PNA. CONCLUSIONS: Variables associated with an increased risk of postoperative PNA in @entity1 undergoing pituitary surgery include older age, male gender, and transfrontal surgical approach. @entity1 with postoperative PNA had a longer length of hospital stay, higher hospital charges, and increased mortality. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2C.

title: Impact of XXXX following pituitary surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative pneumonia']


abstract: A 45-year-old female suffered from increasing @entity1353 during exercise and @entity4 of lower extremities from January 2000. She had undergone mitral valve replacement with Starr-Edwards ball prosthesis (model 6320) due to mitral @entity338 25 years ago. The cardiac catheterization and echocardiography documented mitral, aortic and tricuspid valves regurgitation grade III. Left ventricular ejection fraction rate was 49% and the pressures of CVP, RA, RV and PA were also increased. Laboratory examination showed slight @entity5714 . Double valve replacement (ATS valve) and tricuspid annuloplasty were carried out in April 2000. Strut cloth wear was confirmed at operation. Her postoperative course was uneventful. We hereby review the published paper of all cases with an implanted Starr-Edwards ball valve who required redo valve replacement with over 15 years follow-up. We consider that cloth injury is the main cause for reoperation and it usually associated with @entity5714 ; cloth wear not only involves the aortic position but also frequently involves the mitral position for over 15 years follow-up @entity1 and can be corrected by reoperation. Cloth wear should be concerned for those surviving @entity1 who have received the Starr-Edwards ball valve during long-term follow-up.

title: Reoperation for a XXXX 25 years after a Starr-Edwards ball mitral valve was installed.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Objectives: Cardiovascular risk estimated by several scores in @entity1 with @entity6 without a @entity65 history and the association with @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) were the aims of this study. Materials and methods: Cardiovascular risk was calculate using United Kingdom Prospective @entity6 Study (UKPDS) risk engine, Framingham risk score for cardiovascular (FSCV) and @entity301 (FSCD), and the new score (NS) proposed by the 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Treatment of Blood @entity165 . Ultrasound was used to assess @entity2998 occurrence. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed. Results: One hundred seventy @entity1 (mean age 61.4    11 years, 58.8% @entity1 ) were included. Average FSCV, FSCD and NS values were 33.6%    21%, 20.6%    12% and 24.8%    18%, respectively. According to the UKPDS score, average risk of @entity301 and @entity64 were 22.1%    16% and 14.3%    19% respectively. Comparing the risks estimated by the different scores a significant correlation was found. The prevalence of @entity2998 was 51%, in @entity1 with the higher scores this prevalence was increased. ROC analysis showed a good discrimination power between subjects with or without @entity2998 . Conclusion: The cardiovascular risk estimated was high but heterogenic. The prevalence of @entity2998 increased according to the strata of risk. Understanding the relationship between @entity2998 and scores could improve the risk estimation in subjects with @entity6 .

title: Estimation of cardiovascular risk and detection of subclinical carotid atheromatosis in @entity1 with @entity6 without a history of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'carotid atherosclerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1209 ( @entity1209 ) is still common, especially among female @entity1 . Our hypothesis is that coinduction with @entity1338 reduces the incidence of @entity1209 in adult @entity1 undergoing @entity0 surgery. METHODS: Sixty-eight @entity1 premedicated with @entity1363 were randomly allocated to coinduction with intravenous @entity1338 (group C) or placebo (group P) in this prospective, double-blind study. Anesthesia was standardized (laryngeal mask airway, @entity3575 , @entity1875 , @entity2614 , @entity3810 , and @entity26 ). Hemodynamic parameters and the requirements for @entity1875 , @entity2614 , and the postoperative need for @entity17850 were noted. The primary endpoints studied were the number of @entity1209 -free @entity1 and @entity1 satisfaction with respect to @entity1209 . RESULTS: @entity1 in group C had a significantly reduced need for @entity1875 (P < 0.04) and @entity2614 (P < 0.01) and a reduced early need for @entity17850 (P < 0.04). There were significantly more @entity1209 -free @entity1 in group C compared with group P (20 and 11 of 30, respectively; P < 0.04). The number needed to treat was 3.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.8, 16.9). Intraoperative blood pressure, postoperative heart rate, and postoperative blood pressure were all significantly lower in group C compared with group P, but were not considered to be of clinical importance. No negative side effects were recorded. CONCLUSION: Coinduction with @entity1338 significantly increased the number of @entity1209 -free @entity1 after @entity0 surgery with general anesthesia.

title: Effects of @entity1338 on XXXX in @entity0 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity17850 :: ('MESH:C012394', 'Chemical') :: ['ketobemidone']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative nausea and vomiting', 'PONV']

answer: @entity1209 :: (MESH:D020250,Disease) :: ['postoperative nausea and vomiting']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although use of lymphadenectomy for treatment of @entity201 is established, routine lymphadenectomy for @entity1419 ( @entity1419 ) remains controversial. We examined the factors predicting survival in @entity1 after @entity1419 resection and compared outcomes of @entity1 with and without systematic hepatic pedicle lymph node dissection (LND). METHODS: Data were retrospectively collected for 215 @entity1 with @entity1419 who underwent liver resection during the years 1995-2012. @entity1 were divided into those (n  =  102; 47.4%) who received LND (LN [D]) and those (n  =  113; 52.6%) who did not (LN [D0]). RESULTS: Demographic data were similar between the 2 groups except for presence of preoperative symptom (P  =  .019) and liver @entity82 (P  <  .001), @entity1735 antigen 19-9 (P  =  .003), @entity5 location according to the hepatic lobe (P  <  .001), type of hepatectomy (P  <  .001), adjuvant treatment (P  <  .001), and @entity260 (P  =  .028). @entity5 recurrence at a distant site was observed in 102 @entity1 (68.5%). LN @entity3 was independently associated with risk of distant recurrence (P  =  .002). The LN (D) and LN (D0) groups did not differ in overall survival (P  =  .101) or disease-free survival (P  =  .111). Poorly differentiated histologic grade (P  =  .016) and LN @entity3 (P  <  .001) was identified as an independent predictor of overall survival. CONCLUSION: Routine LND for @entity1419 did not show survival benefits; however, LN sampling might be useful for nodal staging, an essential factor in predicting outcome and deciding whether to apply adjuvant treatment.

title: Is there a role for systematic hepatic pedicle lymphadenectomy in XXXX ? A  review of 17 years of experience in a  tertiary institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['ICC', 'intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1419 :: (MESH:C535533,Disease) :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity385 is one of the leading causes of @entity204 and disability in the world. Thrombolytic therapy using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA), the only FDA-approved drug for acute @entity63 , is limited by a narrow therapeutic time window and risk of @entity548 . There is a serious need for a neuroprotective therapy which is clinically viable. We earlier demonstrated that @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) is a potential therapeutic intervention for hyperacute @entity63 resulting in recovery of neurovascular functions when administered immediately following @entity63 onset in a @entity35 model. Here, we investigated the potential neuroprotective effect of @entity1897 during the hyperacute phase of @entity64 in a @entity35 photothrombotic @entity63 (PTI) model. We employed electrocorticography (ECoG) to image cortical neural activity responses pre-and post- @entity63 . Results showed that the neural activity including somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and alpha-to-delta ratio (ADR) were restored following administration of @entity1897 . Further, immunohistochemistry and TTC staining also indicated the neuroprotective effect of @entity1897 intervention, protecting more neurons and reduced @entity1188 . Overall, the study demonstrated that @entity1897 administered immediately following @entity63 induction in a @entity35 PTI model can significantly promote neuroprotection via inhibition of peri- @entity1188 expansion and enhanced cortical neural activity functions, suggesting effective recovery. Future work utilizing multimodal imaging to probe changes in neurovascular functions, will explore application of @entity1897 as an adjuvant intervention for improving rtPA thrombolysis therapy.

title: Peripheral sensory stimulation is neuroprotective in a XXXX photothrombotic @entity385 model.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['PSS', 'peripheral sensory stimulation']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extramammary @entity4261 (EMPD) frequently extends subclinically, resulting in high recurrence rates after surgical excision. Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) improves cure rates but may require time-consuming reexcision of subclinical extension. A mechanism to estimate the location and extent of subclinical extension would be helpful. OBJECTIVE: To describe and evaluate a technique for multiple scouting biopsies before MMS for EMPD. METHOD: A retrospective review of @entity1 at Mayo Clinic who had multiple scouting biopsies before MMS for EMPD without dermal invasion. TECHNIQUE: The clinical extent of EMPD is identified. The scouting biopsy sites are determined and documented with photographs. The scouting biopsy specimens are sent for permanent sections. The results of the scouting biopsies help guide the extent of the initial Mohs layer. The @entity5 is cleared with MMS. An additional 1 mm peripheral margin of tissue is usually submitted for permanent sections. RESULTS: Multiple scouting biopsies were done in five @entity1 . Four of the five @entity1 had at least one true-positive result. At least one true-negative result was obtained in all five @entity1 . Two @entity1 had at least one false-negative result. CONCLUSION: Multiple scouting biopsies before MMS for EMPD without dermal invasion can be a beneficial adjuvant technique.

title: Role of multiple scouting biopsies before Mohs micrographic surgery for extramammary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ["Paget's disease"]

answer: @entity4261 :: (MESH:D010001,Disease) :: ['Paget's disease']


abstract: Birth weight is reduced and the risk of @entity1468 is increased in @entity1 high altitude pregnancies. There has been little work to determine whether @entity519 acts directly to reduce fetal growth (e.g. reduced blood flow and @entity26 delivery), or via changes in functional capacities such as nutrient transport. We therefore investigated the expression of a primary nutrient transporter, the @entity1365 @entity413 transporter and two in vitro markers of @entity519 ( @entity1307 receptor, @entity5859 , and @entity69 receptor, @entity8282 ) in the syncytial microvillous (MVM) and basal membrane fractions (BMF) of 13 high (3100 m) and 12 low (1600 m) altitude placentas from normal term pregnancies. Birth weight was lower at 3100 m than at 1600 m despite similar gestational age, but none of the @entity1 were clinically designated as fetal growth restriction. @entity5859 , @entity8282 and @entity1365 were examined by immunoblotting and maternal circulating @entity1307 and @entity69 by ELISA. @entity5859 was greater on the MVM (+75%) and BMF (+25%) at 3100 m. @entity8282 was 32% lower on the MVM at 3100 m. @entity1365 was 40% lower in the BMF at 3100 m. Circulating EPO was greater at high altitude, while @entity69 was similar, and neither correlated with their membrane receptors. BMF @entity1365 was positively correlated with birth weight at high, but not low altitude. In this in vivo model of chronic @entity519 , syncytial @entity5859 increased as expected, while nutrient transporters decreased, opposite to what has been observed in vitro. Therefore, @entity519 acts to reduce fetal growth not simply by reducing @entity26 delivery, but also by decreasing the density of nutrient transporters.

title: Effects of chronic @entity519 in vivo on the expression of @entity1 placental XXXX transporters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['placental hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Almost all @entity1 with @entity746 ( @entity746 ) develop bulbar symptoms; therefore, it is important to have valid animal models that accurately reflect these features. While the @entity24544 - @entity24869 @entity35 is extensively used as an @entity746 model, bulbar symptoms in this model are not well characterized. OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we aimed to better characterize bulbar dysfunction in terms of histology to determine whether the @entity24544 - @entity24869 @entity35 is a useful model for bulbar-onset @entity746 . METHODS: Sixty-day-old @entity24544 - @entity24869 @entity35 on a Sprague-Dawley background and age-matched wild-type controls were assessed weekly for global motor function, @entity2103 , and @entity129 . The study endpoint was determined when an @entity24544 - @entity24869 @entity35 could not right itself within 30 s of being placed on its side. At that point, neuronal counts were assessed in different brainstem cranial nerve nuclei. In addition, the masseter muscle, posterior belly of the digastric muscle, and tongue muscle were evaluated for intact neuromuscular junctions. RESULTS: Our data demonstrate decreases in the number of motor neurons in the trigeminal, facial, and hypoglossal nuclei, as well as compromised neuromuscular junction integrity in the muscles they innervate. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that, from a histological standpoint, the @entity24544 - @entity24869 @entity35 is a valid model of @entity746 bulbar symptoms.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Histological Bulbar Manifestations in the XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['vagal nerve function']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve function']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['ALS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Selective immune adsorption (SIA) is an emerging method for treating immune-mediated @entity16 , given its superior safety profile compared to plasma exchange (PEX). However, the available literature concerning @entity15 includes no cases of SIA applied to @entity479 -refractory rebound after @entity20083 discontinuation. CASE PRESENTATION: Here we report the case of a 32-year-old @entity1 suffering from @entity15 treated with @entity20083 and admitted to a @entity15 Centre after drug discontinuation due to the occurrence of @entity2905 . During the few weeks preceding admission, the @entity1 experienced progressive and severe @entity16 that did not respond to an initial cycle of pulsed high doses of intravenous @entity1667 (IVMP). Given the ineffectiveness of a second cycle of IVMP, the @entity1 was treated with plasma immunoadsorption, leading to dramatic functional recovery. The @entity1 then started a neuro-rehabilitation program. About one month after the final SIA procedure the @entity1 started Natalizumab-based therapy, while maintaining a stable @entity16 . We noted significant modification of C3/C4 complement components and total gamma globulin concentrations (IgG) during SIA. CONCLUSIONS: Our observations show that however serious, @entity479 -refractory @entity16 occurring after @entity20083 discontinuation in @entity15 can be treated with selective immune-adsorption therapy which thus represents a good alternative in these cases. It could be speculated that this clinical condition was associated with pattern II of @entity17 , given the good response to a form of treatment that acts on autoantibodies. Thus, SIA represented an effective therapeutic strategy for this case of relapsed @entity15 as @entity479 -resistent rebound post @entity20083 cessation.

title: Dramatic recovery of @entity479 -refractory relapsed XXXX following @entity20083 discontinuation using selective immune adsorption.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['6-methyl prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration', 'neurological condition', 'neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity20083 :: ('MESH:C098720', 'Chemical') :: ['Fingolimod']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of rasterstereographic three-dimensional back surface analysis and reconstruction of the spine in cases of severe @entity2112 treated by anterior correction and fusion. DESIGN: Comparison of digitized radiographic curves and rasterstereographic curves by best fit superimposition and calculation of root mean square differences as parameters of similarity. BACKGROUND: Rasterstereography has been proven to be accurate in @entity1635 up to 50 degrees Cobb angle. Since 1989 the device is in clinical routine use for non-operatively treated @entity1 and reduces the need for otherwise indispensable radiographs significantly. METHODS: Fifty two @entity1 with severe @entity2112 with Cobb angles up to 88 degrees were examined rasterstereographically and radiographically. Forty eight pre-operative anterior-posterior radiographs and 101 post-operative anterior-posterior radiographs were digitized. Radiographic and rasterstereographic curves were compared and the root mean square differences were calculated as parameters of precision of rasterstereographic reconstruction. RESULTS: Accuracy of rasterstereography in @entity2112 with Cobb angles between 50 degrees and 88 degrees is satisfactory. The root mean square difference of the radiographic and rasterstereographic curves was 6.4 mm for lateral deviation and 4.5 degrees for @entity717 . After anterior @entity1635 surgery the precision of the device is good. The root mean square difference for lateral deviation was 3.4 mm and 3.2 degrees for rotation. Considering both groups an average root mean square of 4.7 mm and 3.7 degrees was calculated. CONCLUSIONS: Accuracy in severe @entity1635 up to 88 degrees Cobb angle was satisfactory. The results of this first evaluation of surgically treated severe @entity1635 showed a good accuracy after anterior surgery. The system can be used for post-operative follow up examinations and may reduce the number of X-rays considerably. In contrast to radiography, CT or MRI rasterstereography provides an objective quantification and documentation of the post-operative cosmetic improvement of the back shape in standing posture. RELEVANCE STATEMENT: Based on the findings of this study rasterstereography in future enables both objective quantification of cosmetic improvement and significant reduction of X-rays in @entity2112 with Cobb angles higher than 50 degrees before and after anterior surgical correction and fusion.

title: Rasterstereographic back shape analysis in XXXX after anterior correction and fusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral rotation']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

answer: @entity2112 :: (MESH:C564593,Disease) :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation has been reported to provide higher response rates and better overall survival than standard chemotherapy in immunoglobulin-light-chain ( @entity1582 ) @entity2783 , but these two strategies have not been compared in a randomized study. METHODS: We conducted a randomized trial comparing high-dose intravenous melphalan followed by autologous hematopoietic stem-cell rescue with standard-dose melphalan plus high-dose @entity619 in @entity1 with @entity1582 . @entity1 (age range, 18 to 70 years) with newly diagnosed @entity1582 were randomly assigned to receive intravenous high-dose melphalan plus autologous stem cells or oral melphalan plus oral high-dose @entity619 . RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 were enrolled in each group. The results were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis, with overall survival as the primary end point. After a median follow-up of 3 years, the estimated median overall survival was 22.2 months in the group assigned to receive high-dose melphalan and 56.9 months in the group assigned to receive melphalan plus high-dose @entity619 (P=0.04). Among @entity1 with high-risk disease, overall survival was similar in the two groups. Among @entity1 with low-risk disease, there was a nonsignificant difference between the two groups in overall survival at 3 years (58% in the group assigned to receive high-dose melphalan vs. 80% in the group assigned to receive melphalan plus high-dose @entity619 ; P=0.13). CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of treatment of @entity1582 with high-dose melphalan plus autologous stem-cell rescue was not superior to the outcome with standard-dose melphalan plus @entity619 . (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00344526 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).

title: High-dose melphalan versus melphalan plus XXXX for @entity1582 .

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['AL amyloidosis', 'AL']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3064 is a major health problem. The most common @entity281 caused by A. baumannii is hospital acquired @entity55 , and the associated mortality rate is approximately 50  %. Neither in vivo nor ex vivo expression profiling has been performed at the proteomic or transcriptomic level for @entity55 caused by A. baumannii. In this study, we characterized the proteome of A. baumannii under conditions that simulate those found in the airways, to gain some insight into how A. baumannii adapts to the host and to improve knowledge about the pathogenesis and virulence of this bacterium. A clinical strain of A. baumannii was grown under different conditions: in the presence of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from infected @entity35 , of RAW 264.7 cells to simulate conditions in the respiratory tract and in control conditions. We used iTRAQ labelling and LC-MALDI- @entity215 / @entity215 to investigate how A. baumannii responds on exposure to macrophages/BALF. RESULTS: 179 proteins showed differential expression. In both models, proteins involved in the following processes were over-expressed: (i) pathogenesis and virulence (OmpA, YjjK); (ii) cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis (MurC); (iii) energy production and conversion ( @entity6625 hydrolase); and (iv) translation (50S ribosomal protein L9). Proteins involved in the following were under-expressed: (i) lipid metabolism (short-chain dehydrogenase); (ii) @entity3689 metabolism and transport ( @entity5906 aminotransferase); (iii) unknown function (DNA-binding protein); and (iv) inorganic ion transport and metabolism (hydroperoxidase). CONCLUSIONS: We observed alterations in cell wall synthesis and identified 2 upregulated virulence-associated proteins with >15 peptides/protein in both ex vivo models (OmpA and YjjK), suggesting that these proteins are fundamental for pathogenesis and virulence in the airways. This study is the first comprehensive overview of the ex vivo proteome of A. baumannii and is an important step towards identification of diagnostic biomarkers, novel drug targets and potential vaccine candidates in the fight against @entity55 caused by A. baumannii.

title: Quantitative proteomic analysis of host-pathogen interactions: a study of XXXX responses to host airways.

entities_list: @entity6625 :: ('MESH:D000105', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess the prognosis and to develop management strategies for primary @entity4617 all @entity1 were included in an ongoing study. METHOD: From Oct. 1994 until December 2003 we prospectively evaluated all @entity1 with @entity4617 . Follow up examinations were performed every 12 months. RESULTS: There were a total of 77 primary @entity4617 . Seventy-three were benign: @entity3291 (n=59), papillary fibroelastoma (n=11), @entity362 (n=2), @entity81 (n=1) and four malignant @entity242 (n=4). The @entity3291 group consisted of 19 males and 40 females aged 12 to 88 years. @entity3291 were located in the: left atrium in 50 (85%), left ventricle in 3 (5%), right atrium in 4 (7%) and on the mitral valve in 2 @entity1 (3%). @entity1377 was located on the aortic valve (n=4), mitral valve (n=3), right ventricle (n=2), left ventricle (n=1) and tricuspid valve (n=1). Both @entity362 and the only @entity81 were located in the right atrium. There were 4 primary @entity299 , located in the right ventricle (n=2), the pulmonary valve (n=1) and left atrium (n=1). Minimal invasive right thoracotomy was utilized in 19 of 73 @entity1 all with @entity5 . There were two early deaths (3%): a @entity3291 @entity1 with @entity66 and a LVEF less than 30% and one @entity242 @entity1 . No recurrence or late death was observed in the group of @entity5 . However, two remaining @entity1 with @entity242 had recurrent disease 10 and 15 month later, respectively. All @entity1 were followed up with a total follow up of 203 @entity1 years. CONCLUSION: Surgical excision of @entity4617 is a safe and curative treatment, which is feasible using minimally invasive right thoracotomy approach and provides excellent results. However, therapy of malignant @entity4617 continues to have a poor prognosis despite individualization of approach.

title: Surgical experience with 77 primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['Papillary fibroelastoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['triple vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumor', 'benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity3291 :: ('MESH:D009232', 'Disease') :: ['Myxomas', 'myxoma']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['benign cardiac tumors', 'cardiac tumors']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibroma']

answer: @entity4617 :: (MESH:D006338,Disease) :: ['cardiac tumors']


abstract: Sleep @entity386 affects more than half of @entity1 with acute @entity385 and is associated with poor @entity64 outcome. This pilot study assessed the feasibility of a randomized, sham-controlled continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) trial in subjects with acute @entity385 . Subjects identified with @entity387 based on an @entity386 - @entity387 index>= 5 on overnight polysomnography or portable respiratory monitoring within 7 days of onset of @entity64 symptoms were randomized to receive active or sham CPAP for a 3-month period. Objective usage was ascertained by compliance data cards. Subjects, treating physicians, and outcome assessors were masked to intervention allocation. Among 87 subjects who provided consent, 74 were able to complete @entity387 screening, 54 (73%) of whom had @entity387 . Thirty-two subjects agreed to randomization. Of the 15 subjects who commenced active titration, 11 (73%) took the device home, and 8 (53%) completed the 3-month follow-up. Of the 17 subjects who commenced sham titration, 11 (65%) took the sham device home and completed the 3-month follow-up. The median cumulative usage hours over the 90 days were similar in the active group (53 hours; interquartile range, 22-173 hours) and the sham group (74 hours; interquartile range, 17-94 hours), and blinding to subject condition was successfully maintained. This first-ever randomized, sham-controlled trial of CPAP in @entity1 with @entity64 and @entity387 demonstrates that sham treatment can be an effective placebo.

title: Sleep @entity386 treatment after XXXX (SATS) trial: is it feasible?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'recent stroke']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea', 'sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Controversy regarding the optimal preoperative evaluation for @entity1 with carotid @entity2791 remains controversial. We hypothesized that carotid artery area reduction measured by computed tomography angiography (CTA) would closely correlate with duplex scanning @entity850 . This study was undertaken to evaluate the correlation between duplex, CTA, and conventional arteriography in @entity1 undergoing consideration for carotid endarterectomy. @entity1 undergoing evaluation for @entity543 who received at least 2 of the diagnostic tests were included in this study (n = 108); 30 @entity1 underwent all 3 imaging modalities. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine correlation coefficients between the 3 different study modalities. Correlation and P values were as follows: CTA area versus CTA diameter, r = 0.82, P < 0.001; CTA area versus duplex @entity850 , r = 0.71, P < 0.001; duplex @entity850 versus angio diameter, r = 0.68; P = 0.005; CTA diameter versus angio diameter, r = 0.61, P = 005. CTA was able to identify plaque characteristics more readily than duplex or arteriography. CTA was also able to differentiate critical @entity850 from occlusion and to settle discrepancies obtained from duplex scanning. CTA is an acceptable alternative method to validate duplex scanning evaluation of @entity543 . It can accurately measure lumen @entity850 , visualize plaque morphology, and is associated with fewer complications than conventional angiography.

title: Computed tomography angiography validates duplex sonographic evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stenosis']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has shown significant prolongation of @entity713 ( @entity713 ). Abnormal @entity713 may reflect sub-clinical involvement of motor pathways and correlate with clinical motor disability. OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic yield of TMS in @entity15 and the possible correlation of @entity854 with clinical disability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with clinically definite @entity15 presenting in acute relapse or with @entity74 and 30 healthy controls were evaluated. TMS parameters evaluated included threshold intensity, motor evoked potentials (MEP) amplitudes and latencies and @entity713 . Reassessment studies were done after three months. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Student t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation test were used to assess the relationships. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity15 had significantly higher threshold intensities, prolonged @entity713 and @entity1957 as compared to controls. Abnormalities in at least one parameter were observed in 86.7% of @entity1 . When inter-side asymmetries in MEP latency and/or in @entity713 were considered, the diagnostic yield increased to 96.7%. The diagnostic yield was 74.7% for visual evoked potentials, 13.3% for brainstem auditory evoked response and 10% for cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal band. One @entity15 @entity1 without pyramidal or @entity76 had prolonged @entity713 . @entity4681 correlated significantly with the degree of @entity9718 , @entity2055 , intention @entity400 , dysdiadokokinesia and overall cerebellar score. In @entity1 who had clinical improvement, follow-up studies showed improvement in @entity713 parameters. CONCLUSION: TMS is a highly sensitive technique to evaluate cortico-spinal conduction abnormalities in @entity15 that may have no clinical correlate and in monitoring the course of the disease. The effects of @entity76 on TMS results need further evaluation.

title: Transcranial magnetic stimulation: role in the evaluation of disability in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9718 :: ('MESH:D015419', 'Disease') :: ['pyramidal signs']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['CMCT', 'central motor conduction time']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['CMCT abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['reduced MEP amplitudes']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['TMS abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease course']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['limb ataxia']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: Primary afferent neurons in @entity1 dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) normally function as independent sensory communication elements. However, it has recently been shown that most DRG neurons are transiently activated when axons of neighboring neurons of the same ganglion are stimulated repetitively and the cross-depolarization contributes to this mutual cross-excitation. Here, we reported the cross-inhibition of mechanoreceptive information in DRG under peripheral inflammatory condition. Intracellular recordings were made in vivo from A-type afferent neurons in cat L(6-7) DRGs. Among spontaneously firing neurons both from control (Con) and carrageenan (Carg) injected @entity468 , some A-type afferent neurons showed to have two distinct receptive fields on the hindpaw. Mechanical stimulation of one receptive field increased the ongoing activities, while stimulation of the other receptive field led to a decrease of spontaneous firings of the same neuron. These two distinct receptive fields are termed excitatory receptive field (ERF) and inhibitory receptive field (IRF), respectively. @entity32 significantly increased the prevalence of Abeta and Adelta neurons with two distinct receptive fields (Abeta: Con, 1.34%, n=149; Carg, 6.59%, n=182; P<0.05; Adelta: Con, 0%, n=138, Carg, 3.9%, n=102, P<0.05). Most interestedly, ERF stimulation-induced enhancement of cell firings can be suppressed by IRF stimulation. Similarly, IRF stimulation-induced decrease of cell discharges can be reversed by ERF stimulation. This interaction was not affected by cutting the dorsal roots at the place close to the recorded DRG. Preapplication of @entity1510 and @entity3160 did not block the interaction. Taken together with previous reports, this intraganglionic cross-talking appears to be mediated by collision of retrograde spread of action potentials, or/and at least in part, by an activity-dependent diffusible excitatory substance released from neuronal somata and/or adjacent axons, and detected by neighboring cell somata.

title: Cross-inhibition of mechanoreceptive inputs in dorsal root ganglia of peripheral inflammatory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To report the rare occurrence of @entity989 in a @entity1 with @entity1713 and describe the surgical management. CASE PRESENTATION: A 29-year-old female @entity1 was referred to our department by her ophthalmologist for investigation and treatment of @entity989 in her right eye(RE). Visual acuity(VA) at presentation was 20/200 RE and 20/20 LE. Fundoscopy of the RE revealed a chronic @entity1713 with a sea fan configuration. Fundoscopy of the LE was without any findings. Fluorescein angiography confirmed the sea fan @entity2295 in the RE with leakage of the newly formed vessels and @entity63 while the LE did not demonstrate any @entity2295 angiographically. Family history was negative for @entity6391 and haemoglobinopathies. @entity1 underwent full blood count and haemoglobin electrophoresis to exclude @entity1148 and @entity417 , and serum @entity1289 (SACE) measurement to exclude @entity370 . Examination with scleral indentation of the RE revealed 2 peripheral small retinal holes close to the ora serrata . The @entity1 underwent a scleral buckling procedure with a small segmental buckle limited to the area of the holes and cryotherapy. Ccryotherapy was not applied to the area with @entity2295 and no subretinal fluid drainage was performed. The detached retina was successfully re-attached surgically and the subretinal fluid was gradually absorbed within three months from the time of surgery. Complete regression of @entity2295 was evident 2  months postoperatively and VA improved to 20/30. Three years later the clinical and functional findings remain unchanged. CONCLUSION: Our case illustrates the rare but possible association of chronic @entity1713 with @entity989 ; although the incidence is rare it may pose diagnostic and treatment dilemmas. In such cases and in the presence of @entity937 , cryotherapy and a segmental buckle limited to the retinal holes and not on the @entity2295 seems to suffice for the regression of the new vessels.

title: @entity989 as a manifestation of XXXX and surgical management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell anaemia']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['retinal breaks']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment', 'inferotemporal retinal detachment and peripheral neovascularization', 'retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral retinal sea-fan neovascularization', 'peripheral retinal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity1713 :: (MESH:D012163,Disease) :: ['chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment']


abstract: In previous studies in our laboratory (L. Mankowitz, L. Staffas, M. Bakke, and J. Lund, Biochem J, 1995, 305, 111-118; L. Staffas, L. Mankowitz, M. S  derstr  m, A. Blanck, I. Porsch-H  llstr  m, C. Sundberg, B. Mannervik, B. Olin, J. Rydstr  m, and J.W. DePierre, Biochem J, 1992, 286, 65-72) isoenzymes of GST, primarily of the mu class, have been shown to be downregulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in @entity35 and @entity19 adrenal cells. In the present investigation the @entity1 adrenal H295R cell line (W.E. Rainey, I.M. Bird, and J.I. Mason, Mol Cell Endocrinol, 1994, 100, 45-50) was examined in a similar manner. Analysis by reverse-phase HPLC revealed that these cells express four isoenzymes of GST, i.e., A1, A2, P1, and M4, as well as another unidentified protein that was retained by our affinity column (elution time of 32 min) and, thus, presumably binds @entity2041 . Among these forms, A1 was present at the highest level. Upon addition of @entity1928 (an activator of adenylate cyclase which has been shown previously to mimic the effect of ACTH on adrenal cells) to the culture medium, the level of A1 decreased approximately 70% by @entity1928 , whereas the levels of the other isoenzymes were slightly increased, and that of the unknown form doubled. Thus, the influence of ACTH on expression of GST isoenzymes in this @entity1 adrenal cell line differs from that in @entity35 and @entity19 adrenal cells.

title: Expression of @entity2041 transferase isoenzymes in the @entity1 H295R adrenal cell line and the effect of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity1928 :: (MESH:D005576,Chemical) :: ['forskolin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Syngeneic heterotopic transplantation of segments of descending thoracic aortas containing @entity731 from @entity753 @entity19 into normocholesterolemic recipients has been useful for studies on plaque regression and stabilization. Because lesion development is more rapid and exuberant in the aortic arch, a technique of transplantation of the @entity19 aortic arch was developed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: C57BL/6, @entity6970 -deficient ( @entity6970 -/-) ( @entity753 ) @entity19 were fed a Western diet for 22 weeks and used as donors of aortic-arch segments containing @entity731 . Twenty syngeneic transplants were performed on age-matched wild-type (normocholesterolemic) @entity19 . Aortic arches containing @entity731 were implanted on the abdominal aorta of recipient @entity19 by end-to-side microsurgical @entity254 . Two weeks after transplantation, grafts were noninvasively imaged in vivo by magnetic resonance (MR) microscopy. Grafts harvested four weeks after transplantation were submitted for histological examination. RESULTS: All recipients survived the entire follow-up period (1 month) without complications. Duration of recipient procedure ranged from 90 to 120 (mean, 105) min; aortic clamping time varied from 45 to 60 min. In vivo MR microscopy demonstrated patency of the grafts and wall thickening that corresponded to the preexisting @entity731 . Histology confirmed patency and @entity731 thickening of the grafts, and showed no evidence of acute tissue damage. CONCLUSIONS: Syngeneic transplantation of the aortic arch in @entity19 represents a useful alternative model for studies on morphology, imaging, and mechanisms of @entity731 . The curvature of the aortic arch is preserved after implantation onto the abdominal aorta, providing clear landmarks for noninvasive assessment using MR.

title: XXXX model of heterotopic aortic arch transplantation.

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: AIM: To test the viability of a full-scale randomised comparison of two @entity134 doses given with radiotherapy for @entity1745 ( @entity1745 ), to test Internet randomisation and to compare different functional outcome measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A log of screened @entity1 at eight recruiting centres was maintained. @entity1 were randomised via the Superdex website to either 96 mg or 16 mg daily of @entity619 . Radiotherapy treatment was 30 Gy in 10 fractions. Outcomes assessed used ambulation, Barthel Index ambulation, Functional Independence Measure (FIM) ambulation and Functional Improvement Score (FIS) at 1 month. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-one @entity1 were screened. Ninety-three (71%) were ineligible, 65% of these were because duration of prior @entity134 use was greater than 12 h, failure to meet strict definition of magnetic resonance imaging, defined @entity1745 , multi-level disease or previous spinal-cord compression treatment. Twenty of the 38 eligible @entity1 were randomised, including seven outside standard office hours. There was a high rate of serious adverse events (n = 9), but only one was considered likely to be related to study medication. At baseline, 75% were ambulant, 70% had FIM ambulation scores greater than 5 and 50% had Barthel Index ambulation scores greater than 2. At day 28, including all randomised @entity1 (by scoring four dead @entity1 as non-ambulant), ambulation scores by the various definitions were 60%, 45% and 40%, respectively. For the 16 @entity1 evaluable at day 28, the mean FIS was -1.4. Median survival was 69 days and 1-year survival 13%. CONCLUSION: Web randomisation was successful; however, the high ineligibility rate precludes a full-scale @entity619 dose trial in Australia. Choice of measure of ambulation has potentially significant effects on outcomes and implications for the design of any future @entity1745 trials. Referral delays are of concern.

title: A pilot randomised comparison of @entity619 96 mg vs 16 mg per day for XXXX treated by radiotherapy: TROG 01.05 Superdex study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['malignant spinal-cord compression', 'MSCC']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity1745 :: (MESH:D013117,Disease) :: ['malignant spinal-cord compression']


abstract: AIM: To reduce the incidence of postoperative @entity834 , @entity850 , @entity354 ( @entity354 ) for @entity1 with @entity418 , and to evaluate the conventional method of esophagectomy and esophagogastroplasty modified by a new three-layer-funnel-shaped (TLF) esophagogastric anastomotic suturing technique. METHODS: From January 1997 to October 1999, @entity1 with clinical stage I and II (IIa and IIb) @entity418 , which met the enrollment criteria, were surgically treated by the new method (Group A) and by conventional operation (Group B). All the @entity1 were followed at least for 6 months. Postoperative outcomes and complications were recorded and compared with the conventional method in the same hospitals and with that reported previously by McLarty et al in 1997 (Group C). RESULTS: 58 cases with stage I and II (IIa and IIb) @entity418 , including 38 males and 20 females aged from 34 to 78 (mean age: 57), were surgically treated by the TLF @entity254 and 64 by conventional method in our hospitals from January 1997 to October 1999. The quality of swallowing was improved significantly (Wilcoxon W=2 142, P=0.0 001) 2 to 3 months after the new operation in Group A. Only one @entity1 had a blind anastomatic @entity292 diagnosed by barium swallow test 2 months but healed up 3 weeks later. @entity260 occurred in 25 (43 %) @entity1 , @entity850 in 8 (14 %), and @entity354 in 13 (22 %). The incidences of postoperative @entity834 , @entity850 and @entity354 were significantly decreased by the TLF @entity254 method compared with that of conventional methods (chi(2)=6.566, P=0.038; chi(2)=10.214, P=0.006; chi(2)=21.265, P=0.000). CONCLUSION: The new three-layer-funnel-shaped esophagogastric @entity254 (TLFEGA) has more advantages to reduce postoperative complications of @entity834 , stricture and @entity354 .

title: A new three-layer-funnel-shaped esophagogastric XXXX for surgical treatment of @entity418 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'GER']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic stenosis', 'stenosis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: Urinary calculi during pregnancy present not only a diagnostic challenge but also a management dilemma. In this retrospective study, we describe our experience with diagnosis and management of symptomatic @entity1791 in pregnant @entity1 . A total of 18 pregnant @entity1 were treated for @entity1791 at the Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, between 1999 and 2004. The incidence of symptomatic @entity1791 during pregnancy was 0.35%. Of the 20 stones found, nine were on the right side and 11 were on the left, and two @entity1 had bilateral urinary stones. Most @entity1791 cases during pregnancy (55.5%) occurred in the third trimester. @entity812 (94.4%) was the most common clinical presentation. Conservative management was successful in 10 @entity1 until the end of pregnancy and then definite treatment was performed. In four @entity1 , a double-J stent was inserted successfully for persistent @entity158 . In three cases with persistent @entity158 , failure of double-J stent placement was treated with ureteroscopic lithotripsy under epidural anesthesia. One @entity1 received percutaneous nephrostomy for persistent renal colic and @entity10566 . Ultrasonographic evaluation of pregnant @entity1 with suspected renal colic is a reasonable diagnostic procedure. Ureteroscopy is another choice when conservative treatment fails.

title: Management of symptomatic XXXX during pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['Flank pain']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity10566 :: ('MESH:D053018', 'Disease') :: ['pyonephrosis']

answer: @entity1791 :: (MESH:D052878,Disease) :: ['urolithiasis']


abstract: We encountered a very rare case of biliopancreatic @entity292 with @entity715 caused by @entity9007 . A 57-year-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital because of @entity490 , @entity3883 , and @entity715 due to acute @entity788 . Computed tomography showed a 7-cm-diameter @entity9007 around the superior mesenteric vein extending towards the pancreatic head, dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct, and @entity715 . Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography revealed a main pancreatic duct with a @entity9007 communicating with the common bile duct. After pancreatic sphincterotomy, a 7-F tube stent was endoscopically placed into the @entity9007 . However, a 6-F nasobiliary tube could not be inserted into the bile duct because the @entity292 had a tight @entity850 . Subsequently, the @entity1 's @entity490 improved, the @entity45 disappeared, and the serum amylase level normalized. Two months after the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, percutaneous @entity253 was required because the @entity1 's @entity1087 became aggravated. Two weeks after the choledochojejunostomy, the @entity1 left the hospital in @entity558 . A follow-up computed tomography showed cavernous transformation of the portal vein and no @entity9007 . The @entity1 remains asymptomatic for 2  years and 7  months after surgery. Biliary drainage may be necessary for biliopancreatic @entity292 with @entity3883 in addition to @entity45 . @entity292 can be treated by endoscopic procedure in some cases; however, surgical treatment should be required in cases that are impossible to insert a biliary stent because of hard stricture.

title: @entity292 with XXXX caused by a @entity9007 .

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['good condition']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'Biliopancreatic fistula']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['transhepatic biliary drainage']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cyst drainage', 'pancreatic cyst']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pseudocyst', 'pseudocyst']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['portal vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['portal vein thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Insufficiency of renal function and high blood pressure influence each other and eventually result in life-threatening @entity8 . It has been proposed that @entity644 per se is a determinant of the progression of @entity740 ( @entity740 ). The therapeutic strategy for @entity1 with proteinuric @entity740 and @entity101 should therefore be targeted with a view not merely toward blood pressure reduction but also toward renoprotection. METHODS: We examined the effect of the angiotensin ( @entity1129 )1 receptor antagonist @entity9886 and the @entity460 channel blocker @entity3591 , throughout a period of 12 months, on reduction of blood pressure and renoprotection. This was done by assessing amounts of urinary protein excretion, serum @entity1011 (SCr), and @entity1011 clearance (CCr) in @entity1 with @entity101 (systolic blood pressure [SBP] > or = 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure [DBP] > or = 90 mmHg) and @entity740 (male, body weight [BW] > or = 60 kg: 1.5 < or = SCr < 3.0 mg/dl; female or male BW < 60 kg: 1.3 < or = SCr < 3.0 mg/dl), manifesting @entity644 of 0.5 g or more/day. @entity9886 was administered once daily at doses of 25 to 100 mg/day, and @entity3591 was given once daily at 2.5 to 5 mg/day. No antihypertensive combination therapy was allowed during the first 3-month period. RESULTS: A 3-month interim analysis revealed that, despite there being no difference in blood pressure between the two groups, there was a significant reduction in 24-h urinary protein excretion in the @entity9886 group ( n = 43), but there was no change in the @entity3591 group ( n = 43). Analysis of stratified subgroups with @entity644 of 2 g or more/day and less than 2 g/day showed that @entity9886 lowered @entity644 by approximately 24% in both subgroups, while @entity3591 lowered @entity644 by 10%, but only in the subgroup of less than 2 g/day (NS). SCr and CCr did not change throughout the period of 3 months in either group. No severe or fatal adverse event was experienced in either group during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9886 appeared to be efficacious for renoprotection in @entity1 with proteinuric @entity740 and @entity101 , with the mechanism being independent of its antihypertensive action.

title: Interim evidence of the renoprotective effect of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist @entity9886 versus the @entity460 channel blocker @entity3591 in @entity1 with @entity740 and @entity101 : a report of the Japanese @entity9886 Therapy Intended for Global Renal Protection in XXXX @entity1 (JLIGHT) Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['endstage renal disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan', 'Losartan']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertensive']


abstract: Previous reports justified positive impact of @entity2810 , a new-generation antiepileptic drug on neuropsychological functioning as well as minimal risk of @entity146 exacerbations. In this prospective, open, observational, non-comparative, short-term--6 months' study we evaluated efficacy and tolerability of @entity2810 as add-on in polytherapy in 30 young adults with both @entity302 and mild or moderate @entity1032 . About 40% of @entity1 experienced improvement in @entity410 frequency of 50% or more and none complained of @entity410 deterioration. Overall @entity410 frequency fell down from a mean 9.9 at the baseline to 6.3 @entity410 days per month. The @entity410 rate was reduced from 14.9 to 9.2 per month after 24 weeks of add-on phase. Adjunctive @entity2810 therapy appeared to be associated with reduction in overall @entity410 severity characteristics expressed as enhancement of mild @entity410 from 30 to 50% of @entity1 and reduction in severe @entity410 from 30 to 16%. Responders reported an improvement in most health-related quality of life domains but mostly cognition, medication effects and social functioning. The majority (90%) of @entity1 did not report additional adverse effects with @entity2810 ; the most common complains associated with central nervous system (vertigo, @entity425 , nervousness) were transient and did not cause discontinuation. Blood counts and liver functional tests did not show any clinically relevant changes. In this short-term observation @entity2810 seemed to be a beneficial antiepileptic drug for @entity1032 @entity1 with @entity302 as it decreased @entity410 frequency and severity, improved the @entity1 ' sense of the quality of life without enhancement of the risk of adverse effects in polytherapy.

title: Effectiveness of adjunctive therapy with @entity2810 in mentally disabled XXXX with @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation', 'mentally retarded']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2810 :: ('MESH:C059205', 'Chemical') :: ['tiagabine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate in a retrospective analysis cases of Mediterranean @entity234 ( @entity234 ) diagnosed in @entity645 -negative adults during a 7-year period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Demographic data, previous or underlying diseases, clinical and laboratory features and therapeutic findings were considered. RESULTS: A total of 64 @entity1 were included, of whom 10 (16%) had underlying diseases and two were pregnant. Fever and @entity828 were the main presenting symptoms, whereas @entity3043 and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate were observed in all cases. Smears from bone marrow aspirate were positive at microscopy in 62 cases (97%). Twenty-four @entity1 received @entity17004 (MA) given during 21 consecutive days (20 mg/kg per day), and 40 @entity1 liposomal @entity2379 ( @entity19095 ) given at days 1-5 and 10 (3 mg/kg per day). Both groups' clinical and laboratory findings improved, but @entity1 on @entity19095 therapy had a faster recovery (85% on @entity19095 therapy and 50% on MA therapy showed defervescence at day 5, P < 0.01). Treatment failures were observed in five cases, three (12%) on MA and two (5%) on @entity19095 therapy. No significant @entity137 was observed in @entity1 treated with @entity19095 , whereas three (12%) @entity1 treated with MA showed @entity854 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity19095 therapy may be considered the treatment of choice for any adult @entity1 with Mediterranean @entity234 , since it permits a faster recovery, has a lower incidence of side effects and is useful also in immunosuppressed @entity1 .

title: Mediterranean @entity234 in XXXX -negative adults: a retrospective analysis of 64 consecutive cases (1995-2001).

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity17004 :: ('MESH:C005278', 'Chemical') :: ['meglumine antimoniate']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['VL', 'visceral leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['electrocardiographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: BACKGROUND:    Previous studies indicate that @entity2176 is inferior to @entity7660 for treatment of @entity3256 -susceptible @entity794 (MSSA) bloodstream infections. However, it is unclear if this association is true for empiric and definitive therapy. Here, we compared @entity7660 with @entity2176 for @entity1793 among @entity1 admitted to 122 hospitals. METHODS:    This retrospective cohort study included all @entity1 admitted to Veterans Affairs hospitals from 2003 to 2010 who had positive blood cultures for MSSA. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Empiric therapy was defined as starting treatment 2 days before and up to 4 days after the first MSSA blood culture was collected. Definitive therapy was defined as starting treatment between 4 and 14 days after the first positive blood culture was collected. RESULTS:    @entity1 who received empiric therapy with a @entity8545 had similar mortality compared with those who received @entity2176 (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, .89-1.20) after adjusting for other factors. However, @entity1 who received definitive therapy with a @entity8545 had 35% lower mortality compared with @entity1 who received @entity2176 (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, .52-.80) after controlling for other factors. The hazard of mortality decreased further for @entity1 who received @entity7048 or antistaphylococcal penicillins compared with @entity2176 (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, .46-.71). CONCLUSIONS:    For @entity1 with MSSA bloodstream infections, @entity7660 are superior to @entity2176 for definitive therapy but not for empiric treatment. @entity1 should receive @entity7660 for definitive therapy, specifically antistaphylococcal @entity114 or @entity7048 .

title: Comparative Effectiveness of @entity7660 Versus XXXX for Treatment of @entity3256 -Susceptible @entity794 Bloodstream Infections Among 122 Hospitals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity7048 :: ('MESH:D002437', 'Chemical') :: ['cefazolin']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillins']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity7660 :: ('MESH:D047090', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactams']

entities_list: @entity1793 :: ('MESH:D013203', 'Disease') :: ['empiric and definitive therapy of MSSA bloodstream infections']

answer: @entity2176 :: (MESH:D014640,Chemical) :: ['Vancomycin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It remains unknown whether @entity5735 ( @entity5735 ) inhibitors improve early-phase insulin secretion in Japanese @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ), a disease characterized by @entity73 . We investigated the changes in insulin secretion before and after treatment with the @entity5735 inhibitor @entity67623 in @entity1 with @entity2175 with a low insulinogenic index (IGI) determined by the oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT). METHODS: An open-label, prospective clinical study was conducted. Thirteen drug-na  ve @entity1 (mean age 55.5      3.9  years) with @entity2175 underwent OGTT before and after @entity67623 20  mg/day monotherapy. Plasma levels of @entity413 (PG), insulin, and C-peptide were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120  min after @entity413 loading in the OGTT. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-b, IGI, and the total or incremental area under the curve (AUC) for PG and insulin were measured. AUC120min for the secretory units of islets in transplantation (SUIT) index was also measured. RESULTS: @entity4051 c significantly decreased from 8.3      0.4  % at baseline to 6.3      0.2  % after 12  weeks of @entity67623 treatment (p  <  0.05). Incremental AUC120min PG also significantly decreased, and b-cell function assessed by IGI30min, AUC120min insulin, and the AUC120min SUIT index significantly increased (0.16      0.05 vs. 0.28      0.06, 2692      333    U  2h/mL vs. 3537      361    U  2h/mL, and 4261      442 vs. 8290      1147, respectively; all p  <  0.05). HOMA-b was unchanged. The reduction in incremental AUC120min PG was significantly associated with the augmentation of IGI30min and the AUC120min SUIT index. No severe adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Twelve weeks of @entity67623 treatment improved IGI30min, AUC120min, and the SUIT index in drug-na  ve Japanese @entity1 with @entity2175 .

title: XXXX , a @entity5735 Inhibitor, Improves Early-Phase Insulin Secretion in Drug-Na  ve @entity1 with Type 2 Diabetes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity5735 :: ('1803', 'Gene') :: ['dipeptidyl peptidase-4', 'DPP-4']

entities_list: @entity67623 :: ('MESH:C579035', 'Chemical') :: ['teneligliptin']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired insulin secretion']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity67623 :: (MESH:C579035,Chemical) :: ['Teneligliptin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Tumorigenesis is related to an imbalance in controlling mechanisms of apoptosis. Expression of the genes @entity588 and @entity1836 results in promotion of cell survival by inhibiting apoptosis. Thus, a novel approach to suppress antiapoptotic genes is the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) in @entity5 cells. However, there are some limitations for the application of siRNA such as low bioavailability, requiring vectors as a strategy to achieve the nucleic acid transfection. In this study formulations containing CaP-siRNA- @entity970 -polyanion hybrid nanoparticles were developed to enhance siRNA delivery to cultured @entity1 @entity0 cells (MCF-7) in order to evaluate if the silencing of antiapoptotic genes @entity588 and @entity1836 by siRNA would succeed in increasing @entity5 cells death. After 48h of incubation the expression of @entity588 and @entity1836 genes decreased to 49% and 23%, respectively. The formulation proved to be toxic to @entity5 cells at concentration of 200 nM siRNA after 72h of incubation. As the targeted proteins are related to the resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, the nanocarriers systems were also tested in the presence of @entity632 ( @entity3105 ). The results showed a significant reduction in CC50 of @entity3105 , for both targets. In addition, an increase in apoptotic cell counts for both incubations conditions was observed as well. In conclusion, silencing antiapoptotic genes such as @entity588 and @entity1836 through the use of siRNA carried by hybrid nanoparticles showed to be effective in vitro, and presents a promising strategy for pre-clinical analysis, especially when combined with @entity3105 against @entity0 .

title: Knockdown of Antiapoptotic Genes in XXXX Cells by siRNA Loaded Into Hybrid Nanoparticles.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']