abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The partial transcondylar approach (PTA) is an alternative to the suboccipital approach in the surgical treatment of @entity1653 of the anterior portion of the craniovertebral junction (APCVJ). The purpose of this study is to present our results of treatment of these @entity1653 using PTA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 (11 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 ) with @entity1653 of the APCVJ were included in the study. Neurological status of the @entity1 was assessed before and after surgery as well as at the conclusion of the treatment. The approximate volume of the operated @entity5 , its relation to large blood vessels, cranial nerves and brainstem, along with its consistency and vascularisation were assessed. RESULTS: The symptom duration ranged from 1 to 36 months (median: 11 months). In 79% of @entity1 , motor deficits of the extremities were predominant symptoms. Less frequent symptoms included @entity10 , cervical @entity9 to C5. Approximate volume of the @entity5 ranged from 2.5 mL to 22.1 mL (mean: 11.7 mL). Gross total or subtotal resection was achieved in 86% of @entity1 . The postoperative performance status improved in 57%, did not change in 36% and deteriorated in 7% of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The PTA is a useful technique for removal of @entity1653 expanding intradurally of the APCVJ without significant compression of the medulla. The results of treatment were good in most @entity1 .

title: XXXX of the anterior portion of the craniovertebral junction: immediate and late outcome following surgical removal using a partial transcondylar approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas', 'meningioma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['pain and sensory deficits of cervical nerves C2']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['Meningiomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: An investigation on neuronal differentiation capacity of @entity1 dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) was still lacking. In this study, two different @entity528 protocols were investigated and compared. METHODS: The neuronal differentiation was induced using chemical or growth factor induction protocol. The differentiation was confirmed by the neurogenic mRNA and protein expression using polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry, respectively. RESULTS: Chemical-induced neuronal differentiation protocol promoted morphological change and b3-TUBULIN protein expression. Though, @entity4731 , @entity1935 , and b3-TUBULIN mRNA levels were not different compared with the control, indicating a defective differentiation. For growth factor induction protocol, the cells were exhibited neurite-like cellular process and positively stained with b3-TUBULIN. In addition, the increase in intracellular @entity460 was noted upon @entity143 stimulation, implying the neuronal function. A dramatic increased mRNA expression of neurogenic markers [ @entity4731 , @entity1935 , b3-TUBULIN, and @entity1246 ( @entity1246 receptors)] was noted as compared to the control. In addition, a remarkable increased expression of Notch signaling target gene, @entity21507 , was observed in growth factor-induced DPSCs derived neuronal-like cells compared with the control. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that growth factor induction method is a preferable protocol for neuronal differentiation by DPSCs.

title: Neurogenic differentiation of XXXX dental pulp stem cells using different induction protocols.

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal induction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 1. The effect of intravenous @entity3416 on @entity2544 -induced @entity400 were studied in six @entity1378 @entity1 before and after treatment to euthyroidism. 2. Baseline @entity400 power was significantly greater in the @entity1378 compared with the euthyroid state (P less than 0.05). 3. @entity3416 produced a significantly greater increase in @entity400 power in the @entity1378 compared with euthyroid state. 4. There was a significant increase in plasma @entity2544 clearance and reduction in t1/2 elimination when @entity1 were @entity1378 but volume of distribution did not change. 5. Intravenous @entity3416 potentiates the @entity400 produced in @entity1378 despite an increase in plasma @entity2544 clearance. A pharmacodynamic mechanism is therefore likely.

title: The effect of XXXX on thyrotoxic @entity400 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity3416 :: ('MESH:D000628', 'Chemical') :: ['Aminophylline', 'aminophylline']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

answer: @entity2544 :: (MESH:D013806,Chemical) :: ['theophylline']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity38365 belongs to the Rutaceae family and is widely used in folk medicines in Korea due to its anti-proliferative, anti- @entity5 , anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti- @entity6 activities. However, the molecular mechanism of its anti- @entity5 effect is not well understood. The present study was conducted to elucidate the anti- @entity5 effect and molecular mechanism of @entity3088 from @entity38365 ( @entity38366 ) on A549 cells. @entity38366 displayed concentration-dependent inhibition on A549 cells proliferation. Further, flow cytometry revealed that @entity38366 significantly increased the sub-G1 (apoptotic cell population) and G2/M phase population, and the total number of apoptotic cells, in a dose-dependent manner. Nuclear condensation and fragmentation were also observed upon staining with @entity5956 in @entity38366 -treated A549 cells. Immunoblotting demonstrated a dose-dependent downregulation of @entity8189 , @entity10610 , cell division cycle 25c, @entity522 , and @entity12874 polymerase (PARP) in @entity38366 -treated A549 cells. In addition, @entity38366 induced @entity522 activation and subsequent PARP cleavage, and increased the @entity1892 ( @entity1892 )-2-associated X protein/ @entity1892 -extra large ratio in A549 cells. These findings suggest that @entity38366 induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis of A549 cells. The present study provides evidence that @entity38366 may be useful in the treatment of @entity1 @entity2 .

title: @entity3088 isolated from @entity38365 induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in A549 XXXX @entity2 cells.

entities_list: @entity10610 :: ('983', 'Gene') :: ['cyclin-dependent kinase 1']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity12874 :: ('MESH:D011064', 'Chemical') :: ['poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose)']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma', 'Bcl']

entities_list: @entity38365 :: ('237571', 'Species') :: ['Citrus platymamma', 'Citrus platymamma hort. ex Tanaka']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pulsatility index (PI) and the resistive index (RI) are used as pulsed-wave Doppler measurements of downstream renal artery resistance. PI and RI have been found to correlate with renal vascular resistance, filtration fraction and effective renal plasma flow in @entity177 . The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential relationship between these indices and the rate of decline in renal function, as reflected by changes in different parameters of renal function in @entity1 with @entity177 . METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 (8 females; 13 males, mean age 58 years (36-75)) with @entity177 were enrolled in the study. Doppler examinations were performed in the segmental arteries by an Acuson 128XP. The PI and the RI was calculated from the blood flow velocities. Parameters of renal function were measured every 3 1/2 months, and all @entity1 were followed for 18-21 months. Progression of @entity8 was estimated by linear regression of parameters of renal function versus time. RESULTS: In a multiple regression analysis both PI and RI correlated significantly to the rate of decline in reciprocal serum @entity1011 (PI: r = -0.48, P = 0.03; RI: r = -0.52, P = 0.02). Furthermore, when separating the @entity1 in two groups by the median RI value, there was a significant difference between the groups in rate of decline in reciprocal serum @entity1011 (P = 0.02). For PI this distinction was also present (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: PI and RI correlated to the severity of the @entity8 , as reflected by the rate of decline in reciprocal serum @entity1011 during antihypertensive treatment. The median RI or PI value could separate the @entity1 into groups one of slow and another of fast progression.

title: The pulsatility index and the resistive index in renal arteries. Associations with long-term progression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: The effects of @entity8021 , @entity969 , or @entity10806 intake on @entity1286 -induced @entity1337 (MIA) were examined in 40 adult male Long-Evans @entity35 . @entity35 were tested for MIA on a tail-flick apparatus following acute (5-h) and chronic (3-wk) intake of a 0.15% @entity8021 solution, a 32% @entity969 solution, a 33.68% @entity10806 solution, or water. During the chronic phase, all @entity35 were given a choice between the test solution and water. @entity1286 was administered according to a cumulative dosing procedure beginning with 2.5 mg/kg @entity1286 . The same dose was administered every 30 min. Tail-flick latencies were measured immediately prior to injections and 30 min following each injection. After acute intake of flavored solutions or water, there were no differences in MIA as a function of diet. However, after drinking the flavored solutions or water for three weeks @entity35 drinking @entity10806 or @entity969 showed significantly enhanced MIA relative to @entity35 drinking @entity8021 . @entity35 drinking @entity10806 also showed enhanced MIA relative to @entity35 drinking water. Comparison between the acute and chronic phases of the study demonstrated that tolerance to @entity1286 's analgesic effects did not develop in @entity35 drinking @entity10806 or @entity969 , but did develop in @entity35 drinking @entity8021 or water. The results support the hypothesis that, in addition to palatability, the nutritive value of flavored solutions influences MIA.

title: Beyond sweet taste: @entity8021 , @entity969 , and @entity10806 differ in their effects upon @entity1286 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity8021 :: ('MESH:D012439', 'Chemical') :: ['saccharin']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['Morphine sulfate', 'morphine']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the modified Oxford bone score can be used as a predictor for the risk of developing @entity717 capital @entity4039 (SCFE) in @entity1 who present with a unilateral slip. METHODS: We identified 260 @entity1 treated for unilateral SCFE between 1980 and 2002 and followed them up to skeletal maturity or until development of @entity717 . Exclusion criteria included @entity1 with endocrine or @entity209 , @entity1467 , and those with radiographs inadequate to determine the modified Oxford bone score. The initial radiographs were given a score ranging from 16 to 26. Statistical analysis was used to determine whether the modified Oxford bone score was predictive of future development of @entity717 . A linear regression model was used to estimate the probability of future development of a @entity717 as related to the modified Oxford bone score. RESULTS: Of the 260 @entity1 , 64 (24%) developed a @entity717 , at an average of 10 months after initial presentation. Race, sex, age, and weight at initial presentation were not predictive of the development of @entity717 . The modified Oxford score and a triradiate score of 1 were found to be significant (P<0.0001) predictors, with the modified Oxford score a better overall predictor. CONCLUSIONS: The modified Oxford bone age score is the best predictor of the risk of development of a contralateral SCFE in @entity1 presenting with a unilateral slip. Controversy exists regarding prophylactic pinning of a normal hip in @entity1 presenting with unilateral SCFE. The benefits of prophylactic pinning must outweigh risk. This study provides probability data for predicting a @entity717 based on the modified Oxford bone maturity score that can be shared with families and allows physicians to decide their threshold for prophylactically pinning the contralateral hip in @entity1 presenting with a unilateral slip. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic level IV, Case series.

title: Prediction of XXXX capital @entity4039 using the modified Oxford bone age score.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['Down syndrome']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorder']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral slipped', 'contralateral slip']

entities_list: @entity4039 :: ('MESH:D060048', 'Disease') :: ['femoral epiphysis']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['contralateral slipped']


abstract: The cause of @entity694 has not been proven and a viral association has not been reported with this disease. A sensitive biochemical technique for the detection of viral nucleic acid was used to determine whether one type of herpesvirus, namely a @entity1 of @entity2803 , was uniquely present in @entity5 tissue. 24 specimens of colon, obtained at surgery from 14 @entity1 , were analysed by membrane CR.N.A.-D.N.A. hybridisation. 4 of 7 @entity5 of the colon were definitely positive for C.M.V. D.N.A. (2greater than or equal to 2 genome-equivalents/cell), or repeatedly showed more than 1 genome-equivalent/cell. Macroscopically normal colon 5 cm from the @entity5 , as well as histologically normal and abnormal colon from a control population with @entity30 were uniformly negative for C.M.V. D.N.A., except for 1 specimen which was macroscopically normal tissue from a @entity1 with @entity694 . Among @entity1 with conditions that predispose to @entity694 @entity1 with @entity1412 and 1 of 3 with @entity31 harboured in their colon greater than or equal to 2 genome-equivalents of C.M.V. D.N.A. per cell, and another @entity31 @entity1 had 1-2 genome-equivalents/cell.

title: XXXX D.N.A. and @entity694 : Evidence for latent viral infection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human strain', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial polyposis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the colon', 'adenocarcinoma of the colon, 1 of 2', 'carcinoma of the colon']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity2803 :: (MESH:D003586,Disease) :: ['Cytomegalovirus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine determinants of @entity548 complications during @entity1229 treatment in an unselected @entity1 population and evaluate possible differences in safety between specialized anticoagulation clinics and primary healthcare centres. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. Data were collected with an admission form and medical records were scrutinized in order to pursue all adverse events. Differences between groups were estimated with a t-test and chi-squared test, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. SETTING: All @entity1 treated and monitored with oral anticoagulation in primary healthcare centres and specialized anticoagulation clinics in the Sundsvall and Skellefte   region (northern Sweden) during a five-year period. SUBJECTS: A total of 2731 @entity1 corresponding to 5044 treatment years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Bleedings were classified as fatal or major. Major bleedings were defined as an event causing admission, prolonged in-hospital care or @entity204 . RESULTS: In total 195 major bleedings occurred corresponding to 3.9% per treatment year, including 34 fatal events (0.67% per treatment year). @entity1 monitored at the two specialized anticoagulation clinics combined had a major @entity548 frequency of 4.1% as compared with 3.9% at primary healthcare units. The frequency of fatal @entity548 was 0.57% and 0.76%, respectively. The rate of major and fatal @entity548 was age related with an increase of 4% and 5%, respectively, per year. CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference in @entity548 complications between @entity1 monitored at primary healthcare centres and specialized anticoagulation clinics. Age was continuously and independently associated with @entity548 risk. These study data indicate the need to exercise caution in treatment of the elderly.

title: Bleeding complications during XXXX treatment in primary healthcare centres compared with anticoagulation clinics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['warfarin']


abstract: Diagnosis of @entity602 of vascular origin is difficult and they are probably underdiagnosed at this time because of the lack of diagnostic tools. A recent report of a 58 year old @entity1 who developed ASAS after an episode of @entity1167 pointed out the importance of MRI and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) to support the diagnosis. MRI with T2 weighted imaging demonstrated @entity66 in both gray matter and surrounding white matter below T7. Furthermore, SEP latencies showed a delay between T6 and T7. Therefore, new technologies including MRI and SEP may improve the diagnosis of spinal cord ischemic injuries. A brief discussion of the normal blood supply of the @entity1 spinal cord is presented in this review followed by new, pathophysiologically based classifications of the clinical syndromes of @entity455 . A complete description of the clinical syndromes related to @entity455 is included. Vascular @entity602 were divided into acute and chronic syndromes depending on the time at which the pathophysiological events take place. Subsequently, the two major groups of @entity455 were divided depending on the type of vascular damage, e.g., arterial, venous and/or mixed origin. Posttraumatic @entity2759 is included in the present classification because it is generally considered to be a significant factor contributing to secondary damage following blunt @entity130 . Since several new diagnostic techniques are now available to characterize the pathology of @entity1566 , physicians involved in the diagnosis and treatment of @entity455 may find the new classification useful in correlating clinical presentation with subjacent pathology. Identification of the correct pathology should result in more accurate treatment approaches.

title: Pathophysiological classification of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular myelopathies']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse signal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathies']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity2759 :: (MESH:D020760,Disease) :: ['spinal cord ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity1 with @entity5513 , the site and severity of @entity393 are important in discussing surgical approaches. Since the effectiveness of conventional auditory psychological testing is limited, we studied objectively @entity393 of the cochlea and the cochlear nerve due to the @entity5 . METHODS: Electrocochleography (ECochG) was carried out in 21 @entity1 with @entity5513 . @entity18129 ( @entity18129 ) and action potential (AP) in ECochG evoked with clicks and short tone bursts were recorded through a transtympanic needle electrode technique. Cochlear function was studied using the detection thresholds of @entity18129 , and cochlear nerve involvement was analyzed by differences between AP and @entity18129 detection thresholds. RESULTS: The 1 kHz @entity18129 detection threshold was elevated in 17 (81.0%) of 21 @entity1 indicating @entity73 . Of seven @entity1 with normal hearing or mild @entity1274 in pure tone audiometry, three had a slightly elevated @entity18129 detection threshold. Of five @entity1 with pronounced pure tone levels, four showed a @entity18129 response and were thought to have mild @entity18129 . @entity4237 was confirmed in three of four @entity1 with well-developed @entity18129 based on elevated AP detection thresholds. Three @entity1 had @entity18129 response but no AP response, suggesting severe @entity4237 . CONCLUSION: Disorders of the cochlea and the cochlear nerve can be evaluated with ECochG AP and @entity18129 measurement. The findings of ECochG are thought to be important information to judge hearing prognosis, thereby enhancing its clinical utility.

title: @entity393 in @entity1 with XXXX --analysis by electrocochleography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuroma']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cochlear impairment']

entities_list: @entity4237 :: ('MESH:D000160', 'Disease') :: ['cochlear nerve impairment', 'Cochlear nerve impairment']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity18129 :: ('MESH:D015834', 'Disease') :: ['Cochlear microphonic potential', 'CM', 'cochlear dysfunction']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic neuroma']


abstract: Recombination between two different deletion alleles of a gene (neo) for @entity5154 and @entity7913 resistance was studied in an @entity526 sbcA- recB-C- strain. The two homologous regions were in an inverted orientation on the same plasmid molecule. @entity7913 -resistant plasmids were selected and analyzed. The rate of recombination to form @entity7913 -resistant plasmids was decreased by mutations in the recE, recF and recJ genes, but was not decreased by a mutation in the recA gene. It was found that these plasmids often possessed one wild-type @entity7913 -resistant allele (neo+) while the other neo allele was still in its original (deletion) form. Among @entity7913 -resistant plasmids with one wild-type and one parental allele it was often found that the region between the inverted repeats had been flipped (turned around) with respect to sites outside the inverted repeats. These results were interpreted as follows. Gene conversion, analogous to gene conversion in eukaryotic meiosis, is responsible for a unidirectional transfer of information from one neo deletion allele to the other. The flipping of the region between the inverted repeats is interpreted as analogous to the crossing over associated with gene conversion in eukaryotic meiosis. In contrast with a rec+ strain, these products cannot be explained by two rounds of reciprocal crossing over involving a dimeric form as an intermediate. In the accompanying paper we present evidence that gene conversion by double-strand gap repair takes place in the same @entity526 strain.

title: Homologous recombination involving a large heterology in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7913 :: ('MESH:D007612', 'Chemical') :: ['kanamycin', 'Kanamycin']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: The oxygenate @entity44379 ( @entity17703 ) is a @entity18683 fuel additive used to reduce @entity1223 in automobile emissions. To evaluate the relative health risk of @entity17703 as a gasoline additive, information is needed on its pharmacokinetics and @entity137 . The objective of this study was to use a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to describe the disposition of @entity17703 and its major metabolite, @entity44380 ( @entity2796 ), in male Fischer-344 @entity35 . The model compartments for @entity17703 and @entity2796 were flow-limited. The @entity17703 physiological model had 6 compartments: lung, liver, rapidly perfused tissues, slowly perfused tissues, fat, and kidney. The @entity2796 model had 3 compartments: lung, liver, and total-body water. The 2 models were linked through metabolism of @entity17703 to @entity2796 in the liver. Model simulations were compared with data on blood concentrations of @entity17703 and @entity2796 taken from male Fischer-344 @entity35 during and after a 6-hour inhalation exposure to 2500, 500, or 100 ppm @entity17703 . The PBPK model predicted @entity17703 pharmacokinetics when 2 saturable pathways for @entity17703 oxidation were included. The @entity2796 model, which included pathways for oxidation and glucuronide conjugation of @entity2796 , underpredicted the experimental data collected at later times postexposure. To account for biological processes occurring during this time, three hypotheses were developed: nonspecific binding of @entity2796 , diffusion-limited transport of @entity2796 , and enterohepatic circulation of @entity2796 glucuronide. These hypotheses were tested using three different model structures. @entity227 and statistical evaluation involving maximum likelihood techniques indicated that the model incorporating nonspecific binding of @entity2796 provided the best fit to the data. A correct model structure, based upon experimental data, statistical analyses, and biological interpretation, will allow a more accurate extrapolation to @entity1 and, consequently, a greater understanding of @entity1 risk from exposure to @entity17703 .

title: A physiological model for XXXX and @entity44380 : hypothesis testing of model structures.

entities_list: @entity44379 :: ('MESH:C096680', 'Chemical') :: ['tert-amyl methyl ether']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual inspection']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity44380 :: ('MESH:C032765', 'Chemical') :: ['tert-amyl alcohol']

answer: @entity44379 :: (MESH:C096680,Chemical) :: ['tert-amyl methyl ether']


abstract: The existence of both adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the atrial myocardium of the adult @entity1 heart was demonstrated by means of fluorescence induced by @entity406 or @entity11571 and by electron microscopy. The adrenergic fluorescing axons (1) followed the course of blood vessels as typical perivascular nerve plexuses, and (2) formed a three-dimensional fairly dense nerve net obviously not related to the blood vessels. The varicosities frequently came into close apposition on myocardial cells. Several types of nerve terminals were differentiated at electron microscopy: (1) an "adrenergic" type containing small (diameter 450-700 A) dense-cored @entity5222 and usually (in various proportions) small "empty" and/or large (900-1500 A) dense-cored @entity5222 , (2) a "cholinergic" type containing small (ca. 500 A) "empty" @entity5222 and occasionally also some large (mean diameter ca. 1200 A) dense-cored @entity5222 , (3) a "pale" type containing only a few or no @entity5222 , (4) a "disintegrated" type containing degenerated mitochondria, autophagic vacuoles, and occasional normal-looking mitochondria, (5) nerve terminals containing a large number of mitochondria in addition to varying vesicle populations, and (6) a (possibly baroreceptive type of) nerve terminal containing myelinlike lamellated structures. The "disintegrated" and the "pale" types of nerve terminals possibly represent different stages of @entity528 , or may correspond to diminution in the transmitter substance concentration under certain pathophysiologic conditions, respectively. Nerve terminals crowded with mitochondria may be sensory and involved in mechano-or chemoreceptive functions. In preliminary experiments convincing evidence was obtained that the @entity11571 -induced fluorescence histochemical method will be suitable for comparative studies on ( @entity1 ) clinical specimens, e.g., for analyzing the degree of the functional activity of the intrinsic adrenergic innervation of the myocardium under various pathophysiologic conditions. The modification which appeared most appropriate for such studies is described in detail, and is proposed for use as a standard method in other similar or related studies on @entity1 clinical series. The essential criteria for analyzing the specimens at fluorescence microscopy are suggested as well.

title: Fluorescence histochemical and electron-microscopical observations on the innervation of the atrial myocardium of the adult XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity11571 :: ('MESH:C031150', 'Chemical') :: ['glyoxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recessive @entity35392 mutations were identified as a cause of severe @entity5925 in pediatric @entity1 . The @entity1 lipin family includes two other closely related members, @entity38555 , which share strong homology and similar activity. The study aimed to determine the involvement of the LPIN family genes in a cohort of pediatric and adult @entity1 (n = 171) presenting with @entity121 , ranging from severe (CK >10 000 UI/L) or moderate (CK <10 000 UI/L) @entity5925 (n = 141) to exercise-induced @entity925 (n = 30), and to report the clinical findings in @entity1 harboring mutations. METHODS: Coding regions of @entity35392 , @entity35393 and @entity35394 genes were sequenced using genomic or complementary DNAs. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 harbored two @entity35392 mutations, including a frequent intragenic deletion. All presented with severe episodes of @entity5925 , starting before age 6 years except two (8 and 42 years). Few @entity1 also suffered from permanent @entity121 , including the eldest ones (>=  40 years). Around 3/4 of muscle biopsies showed accumulation of lipid droplets. At least 40% of heterozygous relatives presented @entity925 . Nine heterozygous SNPs in LPIN family genes were identified in milder phenotypes (mild @entity5925 or @entity925 ). These variants were non-functional in @entity375 complementation assay based on respiratory activity, except the @entity35394 - @entity38556 variant. CONCLUSION: @entity35392 -related myolysis constitutes a major cause of early-onset @entity5925 and occasionally in adults. Heterozygous @entity35392 mutations may cause mild @entity121 . No major defects of @entity35393 or @entity35394 genes were associated with muscular manifestations.

title: Study of @entity35392 , @entity35393 and @entity35394 in @entity5925 and exercise-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity38556 :: ('p|SUB|P|24|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['P24L']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['myalgia', 'muscular myalgia']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle symptoms', 'muscular symptoms']

answer: @entity925 :: (MESH:D063806,Disease) :: ['myalgia']


abstract: Four @entity1 @entity1358 xenografts (RC2, RC14, RC43, NC65), maintained in @entity19 for several years, were investigated in a multi - disciplinary study, using (immuno) histochemical, biochemical and ultrastructural techniques. Histological, cellular, nuclear and biological characteristics were investigated. All @entity5 showed histologically recognizable features of @entity1 @entity1358 , although marked differences between the four @entity5 were seen, both at the histological and ultrastructural level. Flowcytometric analysis of @entity5 cell suspensions allowed DNA quantification as well as the detection of subpopulations. Immunohistochemical staining procedures using tissue specific antibodies against intermediate filament proteins revealed two populations of @entity5 cells. Most @entity5 cells in three of the xenografts coexpressed cytokeratins and @entity2277 , while in RC43 most of the @entity5 cells expressed only @entity2277 . Northern blot analysis showed a higher expression of @entity2277 mRNA in all @entity5 as compared to normal kidney tissue. RC43 showed a three-fold higher level of @entity2277 mRNA than the other xenografts. Growth potential in the @entity1 @entity5 cloning system was evaluated by temporal growth pattern analysis. These experiments showed that the xenografts resemble @entity1 primary @entity1358 in different ways, and reflect different characteristics that can be present in @entity1 @entity1358 .

title: Multiparameter analysis of four @entity1 @entity1358 xenografts in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinomas', 'renal cell carcinoma', 'renal cell tumors']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The @entity2484 is a dioecious perennial species of the Arecaceae for which in vitro micropropagation is essential to ensure the renewal of palm plantations. This study presents a histocytological analysis of the traditional Mauritanian Amsekhsi cultivar beginning from the initial callogenesis and continuing up to the establishment of the cellular embryogenic cell suspensions. The formation of somatic embryos and their development into rooted plants are also described. METHODS: Foliar segments of seedlings cultured in the presence of @entity14462 produced primary calli that were chopped to produce fine friable granular calli that subsequently produced cellular suspensions when transferred to liquid medium. The somatic proembryos that developed after removal of the @entity14462 were plated on agar medium where they developed into rooted plants. Thin sections of tissue fragments taken at each stage of the process were stained using @entity5644 Schiff and @entity6201 Blue-Black. KEY RESULTS: The first cellular divisions were localized close to the vascular vessels of the leaf. The primary calli were obtained within 2 months. Fine friable granular calli grew quickly after the primary calli were chopped. Individual embryogenic cells were identified that rapidly started to divide and developed into globular proembryos. In addition, in the microcalli, breaking zones appeared in the thick pectocellulosic walls which delimited the pluricellular proembryos. The anatomy of somatic embryos is similar to that of zygotic embryos despite a deficit in the accumulation of intracellular proteins. When rooted with @entity14728 , the vitroplants developed a strong orthotropic taproot. CONCLUSIONS: This study contributes to understanding the whole process of somatic embryogenesis, but two specific questions remain to be answered: what factors are involved in the reactivation of the somatic cells at the beginning of the initial callogenesis, and why do the somatic embryos not accumulate proteins in their tissues during maturation?

title: Histocytological analysis of callogenesis and somatic embryogenesis from cell suspensions of @entity2484 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity5644 :: ('MESH:D010504', 'Chemical') :: ['Periodic Acid']

entities_list: @entity6201 :: ('CHEBI:35682', 'Chemical') :: ['Naphthol']

answer: @entity2484 :: (42345,Species) :: ['Phoenix dactylifera']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Fibroblast growth factors consist of receptor @entity669 kinase binding proteins involved in growth, differentiation, and regeneration of a variety of tissues of the head and neck. Their role in the development of teeth has been documented, and their presence in @entity1 odontogenic cysts and @entity5 has previously been investigated. @entity37344 (OMIM 164330) is a @entity395 characterized by clustering of teeth as @entity14317 , @entity1141 and @entity3894 of teeth, slight @entity2122 , and @entity1282 . We have followed the clinical course of the disease in a family over more than 30 years and have identified a genetic abnormality segregating with the disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated clinical data from nine different family members and obtained venous blood probes for genetic studies from three family members (two affected and one unaffected). RESULTS: The present family with five @entity1 in two generations has remained one out of only two known cases with this very rare syndrome. All those affected showed @entity4500 , @entity711 , and @entity1141 and @entity14317 of the upper and lower jaw. Additional signs included @entity1282 and strictures of the oesophagus. Comorbidity in one @entity1 included @entity472 and @entity453 , requiring coronary bypasses and aortic valve replacement. Genome-wide SNP array analyses in three family members (two affected and one unaffected) revealed a microduplication of chromosome 11q13.3 spanning 355 kilobases (kb) and including two genes in full length, @entity10006 ( @entity10006 ) and 4 ( @entity10008 ). CONCLUSION: The microduplication identified in this family represents the most likely cause of the @entity37344 and implies that the syndrome is caused by a gain of function of the @entity10006 and @entity10008 genes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Mutations of @entity7991 genes can cause @entity2122 such as @entity37344 . Following this train of thought, an evaluation of FGF gene family in @entity14317 could be worthwhile.

title: The original family revisited after 37 years: @entity37344 is most likely caused by a microduplication of chromosome 11q13.3, including the @entity10006 and XXXX genes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial syndromes', 'craniofacial abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity37344 :: ('MESH:C537740', 'Disease') :: ['odontoma   dysphagia syndrome', 'Odontoma   dysphagia syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4500 :: ('MESH:D014071', 'Disease') :: ['teeth dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity711 :: ('MESH:C538049', 'Disease') :: ['oligodontia']

entities_list: @entity10006 :: ('2248', 'Gene') :: ['FGF3', 'fibroblast growth factors 3']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['very rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity14317 :: ('MESH:D009810', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic odontoma', 'odontoma', 'compound odontoma']

answer: @entity10008 :: (2249,Gene) :: ['FGF4']


abstract: Chemoprevention, prophylactic surgery, and intensified screening can be offered to @entity1 with an increased lifetime risk, p(life), for @entity0 . Estimation of p(life) includes BRCA analysis and risk estimation based on individual risk factors and family history. MENDEL and BRCAPRO are models that estimate the probability of @entity5345 /2-mutations, p(mut), and p(life). In this study, the models are compared with Ford and Claus penetrance/frequency functions. The results were compared with the Tyrer-Cuzick model. Genetic analysis of 111 @entity0 -affected @entity1 from 103 kindreds with a family history of @entity5344 (German Consortium for @entity5344 ) was carried out by sequencing @entity5345 and @entity2674 . p(life) and p(mut) were calculated with MENDEL, BRCAPRO(Claus), BRCAPRO(Ford), as well as the Tyrer-Cuzick model. The accuracy of p(mut) was analyzed by receiver operating characteristics, and p(life) of each model was compared. The strongest correlation of p(life) was shown by BRCAPRO(Ford)/MENDEL, at r=0.69; no correlation was shown by BRCAPRO(Claus)/MENDEL, at r=0.018. The Tyrer-Cuzick model had the strongest correlations with MENDEL and BRCAPRO(Ford). For MENDEL and BRCAPRO, low correlation or p(mut)-prediction was improved by excluding kindreds with @entity43 . p(mut) showed the best accuracy for BRCAPRO(Ford) and MENDEL. BRCAPRO and MENDEL are useful tools for calculating p(mut). They can provide support in decision-making for or against genetic analysis. Estimations of p(life) and p(mut) based on a mathematical model should use algorithms and penetrance/frequency data appropriate to the population counseled. Reproductive/hormonal data, should be incorporated as Tyrer-Cuzick does.

title: Evaluation of mathematical models for XXXX risk assessment in routine clinical use.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and/or ovarian cancer', 'Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity1573 @entity17548 (cGH) has been shown to affect @entity1573 skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro. This study describes the interactions of cGH with @entity9950 ( @entity9950 ) and @entity2090 ( @entity2090 ). Both cGH and @entity9950 induced cGH receptor (cGH-R) gene expression as well as that of the avian FGF receptor, FREK, when added at low concentrations to satellite cells. @entity9950 caused a rapid induction of cGH-R mRNA. Combinations of low levels of @entity9950 and cGH caused a further increase in receptor mRNA expression levels, relative to that caused by each peptide alone, and their effect on DNA synthesis was synergistic. However, combinations of cGH and @entity9950 at high concentrations decreased cGH-R and FREK mRNA levels and DNA synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. These results imply that the mutual effects of @entity9950 and cGH on satellite cell proliferation are receptor-mediated and that each peptide regulates both receptors gene expression. @entity2090 induced DNA synthesis in satellite cells but did not affect cGH-R gene expression at any of the concentrations tested. Coincubation of 3.5 ng/ml cGH and various concentrations of @entity2090 did not significantly change DNA synthesis relative to the effect of cGH alone. However, combinations with high levels of cGH abolished it. Similar time-course (up to 6 hr) induction of DNA synthesis in serum-starved cells was observed in the presence of cGH or @entity2090 , suggesting that cGH affects satellite cell proliferation in an @entity2090 -independent manner.

title: Mutual effects of XXXX and growth factors on avian skeletal muscle satellite cells.

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chicken', 'Chicken']

entities_list: @entity2090 :: ('100327329(Tax:9031)', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity9950 :: ('396413(Tax:9031)', 'Gene') :: ['basic fibroblast growth factor', 'bFGF']

answer: @entity17548 :: (378781(Tax:9031),Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify approaches to statistical harmonization which could be used in the context of summary data and/or individual @entity1 data meta-analysis of cognitive measures and to apply and evaluate these different approaches to cognitive measures from three studies. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE(  ), Embase, Web of Science and MathSciNet with a supplemental search using the Google search engine. The references of relevant articles were also checked and a search for more recent articles that cited the articles already identified as being of interest was undertaken. REVIEW METHODS: A two-pronged approach was taken for this environmental scan. First, a search of studies that quantitatively combined data on cognition was conducted. The second component was to identify general literature on statistical methods for data harmonization. Standard environmental scan methods were used to conduct these reviews. The search results were rapidly screened to identify articles of relevance to this review. The references of relevant articles were checked and a search for more recent articles that cited the articles already identified as being of interest was undertaken. RESULTS: Three general classes of statistical harmonization models were identified: (1) standardization methods (e.g., simple linear-, Z-transformations, T-scores, and C-scores); (2) latent variable models; and (3) multiple imputation models. Cross-sectional data from three studies including 9,269 @entity1 were included in the applied analyses to examine the relationship between physical activity and cognition. A harmonization process was undertaken to determine the combinability of data across studies. The latent variable analysis underscored the difficulty harmonizing these cognition data. In general consistency was found among the statistical harmonization methods; however, there was some evidence that heterogeneity can be masked when specific standardization methods were used. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides empirical evidence to inform methods of combining complex constructs using @entity1423 ( @entity1423 ) or individual @entity1 data meta-analysis. The results underscore that very careful consideration of inferential equivalence needs to be undertaken prior to combining cognition data across studies. Of the three methods of statistical harmonization for cognition data, T-score standardization is the least desirable compared with the centered score method or latent variable methods. Finally, assessment of the assumptions underlying statistical harmonization is not possible without some individual-level data which are required to assess the potential for bias in combining complex outcomes using @entity1423 meta-analysis.

title: Harmonization of Cognitive Measures in Individual XXXX Data and Aggregate Data Meta-Analysis

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['aggregate data', 'AD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Participant']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mechanisms for the improvement of the gut flora and the intestinal environment by synbiotic therapy are unclear. AIMS: This study evaluated the changes in the gut flora and the intestinal environment after synbiotic therapy, and tried to clarify the mechanisms by which synbiotic therapy reduces pathological bacteria in the gut. METHODS: A total of 47 enteral feeding @entity1 with long-term mechanical ventilation support were enrolled in the study. @entity1 were randomly assigned to synbiotic and control groups, at a two to one ratio. @entity1 in the synbiotic group were administrated Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and galactooligosaccharides as synbiotics for 8 weeks. RESULTS: The characteristics of the @entity1 were not significantly different between the control (n = 16) and synbiotic (n = 31) groups. In the synbiotic group, the counts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the gut increased significantly to 100 times the initial level following synbiotic treatment. The @entity1543 concentration increased (71.1    15.9 vs. 46.8    24.1  mol/g) and pH decreased in the gut in comparison with the control group. The concentration of @entity1543 in the gut increased in proportion to the Bifidobacterium counts. The counts of pathological gram-negative rod decreased significantly to one-tenth of the initial level in inverse proportion to the Bifidobacterium counts. Furthermore, the amount of @entity796 in the lower respiratory tract decreased significantly after synbiotic therapy compared to the controls. CONCLUSION: Synbiotic therapy reduces the pathological Gram-negative rods by increasing the @entity1543 concentration in association with an increased counts of Bifidobacterium.

title: Synbiotic therapy reduces the pathological gram-negative rods caused by an increased XXXX concentration in the gut.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity1543 :: (MESH:D019342,Chemical) :: ['acetic acid']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of 53 @entity1 who underwent single stage simultaneous surgery for @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ) at single centre. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the presentation of combined cervical and lumbar (tandem) @entity850 and to evaluate the safety and efficacy of single-stage simultaneous surgery. Combined @entity850 is an infrequent presentation with mixed presentation of upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron signs. Scarce literature on its presentation and management is available. There is a controversy in the surgical strategy of these @entity1 . Staged surgeries are frequently recommended and only few single-stage surgeries reported. METHODS: All the @entity1 were clinico-radiologically diagnosed @entity2649 . Surgeries were performed in single stage by two teams. Results were evaluated with Nurick grade, modified Japanese Orthopedic Association score (mJOA), @entity717 index (ODI), @entity1 satisfaction index, mJOA recovery rate, @entity190 and complication. RESULTS: The mJOA cervical and ODI score improved from a mean 8.86 and 68.15 preoperatively to 13.00 and 30.11, respectively, at 12  months and to 14.52 and 24.03 at final follow-up. The average mJOA recovery rate was 48.23      26.90  %. @entity1 satisfaction index was 2.13      0.91 at final follow-up. Estimated @entity190 of  <=400  ml and operating room time of <150  min showed improvement of scores and lessened the complications. In the age group below 60  years, the improvement was statistically significant in ODI (p  =  0.02) and Nurick's grade (p  =  0.03) with average improvement in mJOA score. CONCLUSION: Short-lasting surgery, single anaesthesia, reduced morbidity and hospital stay as well as costs, an early return to function, high @entity1 satisfaction rate with encouraging results justify single-stage surgery in @entity2649 . Age, @entity190 and duration of surgery decide the complication rate and outcome of surgery. Staged surgery is recommended in @entity1 above the age of 60  years.

title: Coexisting lumbar and cervical XXXX ( @entity2649 ): an infrequent presentation. Retrospective analysis of single-stage surgery (53 cases).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['TSS', 'tandem spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['oswestry disability']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: Chronic and recurrent @entity1244 , and thus impaired tubular function, are usually caused by isolated lesions of the ethmoid cells. Purulent nasal secretions are transported over the openings of the tubes into the epipharynx. @entity32 and swelling of the mucosa of the tube openings causes @entity850 or blockage. Inflammatory foci, usually hidden in the anterior ethmoid cell system, are not always apparent in a plain film of the paranasal sinuses. They appear only in a computed-tomography scan or in a conventional tomogram. Once the diagnosis has been made, a simple, guided endoscopic procedure suffices to alleviate a @entity850 , open inflamed ethmoid cells, and restitute ventilation of the nasal sinuses and, thus, tubal function. Radical procedures on the maxillary and frontal sinuses, and plastic operations on deviated nasal septa (which impair the function of the nose and the nasal sinuses only in extreme cases), are thus often unnecessary. Septum deviations are irrelevant to the fitness-to- @entity238 of air personnel as long as the tube and the ventilation of the sinuses function freely. The Valsalva maneuver with otoscopic visualization of the excursion of the eardrum is the most reliable test of tubal function. Tympanometry is used mainly for documentation.

title: Recurrent XXXX and impairment of eustachian tube function in air passengers and crew.

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

answer: @entity1244 :: (MESH:D012852,Disease) :: ['sinusitis']


abstract: OBJECT: Prediction of @entity1756 likelihood is clinically valuable, given that more @entity439 are being discovered incidentally with the increased use of imaging. The authors set out to evaluate the relative performance of morphological features for @entity397 status discrimination in the context of the divergent geometrical and hemodynamic characteristics of sidewall- and bifurcation-type @entity439 . METHODS: Catheter 3D rotational angiographic images of 271 consecutive @entity439 (101 ruptured, 135 bifurcation type) were used to assess the following parameters in 3 @entity8906 diameter (D(max)), height, height/width ratio, aspect ratio, size ratio, nonsphericity index, and inflow angle. Univariate statistics applied to the bifurcation, sidewall, and combined (bifurcation + sidewall) sets identified significant features for inclusion in multivariate analysis yielding area under the curve (AUC) and optimal thresholds in the receiver-operating characteristic. Furthermore, a computational fluid dynamics analysis was performed to evaluate the flow and wall shear stress conditions inside sidewall and bifurcation @entity439 at different inflow angles. RESULTS: The mean D(max), height, and inflow angle were significantly greater in ruptured sidewall @entity439 than in unruptured sidewall @entity439 , but showed no difference between ruptured and unruptured bifurcation lesions. There was a statistically significant difference between ruptured and @entity439 for all measured features in the combined set. Multivariate analysis identified the following: 1) nonsphericity index as the only @entity397 status discriminator in bifurcation lesions (AUC = 0.67); 2) height/width ratio, size ratio, and inflow angle as strong discriminators in sidewall lesions (AUC = 0.87); and 3) height/width ratio, inflow angle, and size ratio as intermediate discriminators in the combined group (AUC = 0.76). Computational fluid dynamics analysis showed that although increasing inflow angle in a sidewall model led to deeper penetration of flow, higher velocities, and higher wall shear stress inside the @entity439 dome, it produced the exact opposite results in a bifurcation model. CONCLUSIONS: Retrospective morphological and hemodynamic analysis point to a dichotomy between sidewall and bifurcation @entity439 with respect to performance of shape and size parameters in identifying @entity397 status, suggesting the need for @entity439 type-based analyses in future studies. The current most commonly used clinical risk assessment metric, D(max), was found to be of no value in differentiating between ruptured and unruptured bifurcation @entity439 .

title: Identification of a dichotomy in morphological predictors of XXXX status between sidewall- and bifurcation-type intracranial aneurysms.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'unruptured aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture']


abstract: @entity1960 decreases the contractility of the underlying circular smooth muscle. We examined how time after @entity66 severity contribute to the decreased contractility and how @entity1960 alters the @entity460 -handling properties of the affected muscle. @entity1960 was induced in @entity35 by intrarectal administration of 4% @entity1543 . Contractile responses to @entity934 , increased extracellular @entity972 , and the G protein activator @entity7034 were determined for circular muscle strips from sham control and colitic @entity35 at days 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14 postenemas. @entity934 stimulation of tissues from day 3 colitic @entity35 was performed in a zero @entity460 buffer, in the presence of @entity594 , and after depletion of intracellular stores of @entity460 . The @entity1960 was graded macroscopically as mild, moderate, or severe. Regardless of agonist, maximal decrease in force developed 2 to 3 days posttreatment, followed by a gradual return to control by day 14. The inhibitory effect of @entity1960 on contractility increased with increasing severity of @entity32 . Limiting extracellular @entity460 influx had a greater inhibitory effect on tissues from colitic @entity35 ; intracellular @entity460 depletion had a greater inhibitory effect on tissues from control animals. The data suggest that both lesion severity and time after injury affect the contractile response of circular smooth muscle from the inflamed distal colon. Impaired utilization of intracellular @entity460 may contribute to the decreased contractility.

title: Acute experimental @entity1960 decreases colonic circular smooth muscle contractility in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['injury and lesion']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis', 'Distal colitis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine', 'Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as genetic modulators that regulate gene expression and are involved in a wide range of biological roles, including @entity5 cell migration and invasion. In the present study, we demonstrated that the migration and invasion activity in MDA-MB-231 @entity0 cells could be directly influenced by altering @entity6991 expression. The expression of @entity3547 and @entity6991 in the @entity0 cells showed an inverse correlation. Upregulation of @entity6991 in the MDA-MB  -231 @entity0 cells by transfection of @entity6991 mimics resulted in decreased @entity3547 protein levels. Conversely, downregulation of @entity6991 by transfection of @entity6991 inhibitor resulted in increased @entity3547 protein levels. To confirm the fact that @entity3547 is a potential target of @entity6991 , luciferase reporter containing the @entity3547 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) was constructed. The results demonstrated that the luciferase reporter activity was reduced after overexpression of @entity6991 . Moreover, the luciferase reporter which was constructed with the @entity3547 3'UTR mutant did not show significantly altered luciferase reporter activity. Furthermore, after treatment with the @entity3547 inhibitor  exoenzyme C3 transferase protein, the migratory capacity of the MDA-MB-231 cells was not significantly altered even though the amount of @entity6991 was changed. Our results indicate that @entity6991 functions as a @entity5 suppressor in @entity0 cells. Downregulation of the expression of @entity6991 increased the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells, due to the upregulation of @entity3547 expression.

title: MicroRNA-146a inhibits cell migration and invasion by targeting @entity3547 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: We used a heart rate memory apparatus to measure 2047 successive R-R intervals with an accuracy of 10 msec in adult @entity1237 . For 100 successive stationary R-R intervals out of the 2047 intervals, the R-R intervals sequence was recorded graphically and the means and standard deviations (SD) were calculated. The magnitude of the variation in the R-R intervals was represented by the SD. The usefulness of the analysis of R-R intervals as an indicator of autonomic nervous activity was determined. The diagram of 100 successive R-R intervals at rest showed a conspicuous periodic fluctuation. After the administration of @entity3897 , @entity3897 plus @entity1169 or after feeding, the R-R intervals were markedly shortened and the variations in the R-R intervals were abolished. After the administration of @entity1169 only, the R-R intervals were prolonged and the amplitude of the fluctuations in the R-R intervals was conspicuously increased. The respiration curve and the variation in the R-R intervals at rest fluctuated in periodic synchrony. A positive correlation between the mean and the SD of the R-R intervals was highly significant. This indicates that the variations in the R-R intervals in the adult @entity1237 are closely related to autonomic nervous activity and that the analysis of the R-R intervals is suitable for the noninvasive assessment of autonomic nervous activity.

title: Influence of autonomic nervous activity on variations in the R-R intervals in adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goats']


abstract: A 15-year-old @entity1 presented with a history of medically refractory gelastic @entity410 and @entity73 . Neuroimaging demonstrated a sessile @entity10128 , which was treated by gamma knife surgery. However, the gelastic @entity410 only partially decreased and the frequency of @entity410 remained unchanged. One year later, angiography before surgery detected anterior paraclinoid @entity439 of the left internal carotid artery. Blood pressure and endocrinological examinations showed no abnormality. Direct surgery was performed to treat the @entity439 and @entity4607 . No sclerotic changes were noted in the arterial wall. The @entity439 was treated with clipping, and the @entity4607 was partially removed. Postoperative course was uneventful and the gelastic @entity410 disappeared. No evidence for a causal relationship between the @entity4607 and @entity439 was found.

title: @entity10128 associated with anterior paraclinoid XXXX of the internal carotid artery.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity10128 :: ('MESH:C537158', 'Disease') :: ['type hypothalamic hamartoma']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['hamartoma']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Late-onset @entity1398 (LON) has been reported following rituximab-containing chemotherapy. Its incidence and risk factors, however, have not been extensively studied. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 107 @entity1 treated with rituximab-containing chemotherapy as a primary treatment of @entity2225 -positive @entity1892 and identified cases with LON as defined by the neutrophil count of <or=1.0 x 10(9)/l without an apparent cause after the recovery of neutrophil count following completion of the intended chemotherapy. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 411 days, 23 @entity1 developed LON out of the 107 at a median of 106 days after the last chemotherapy. Cumulative incidence of LON among the total @entity1 was 24.9%. The median neutrophil count nadir was 0.61 x 10(9)/l. The LON episodes were generally self-limited, and filgrastim was administered in one @entity1 . Including this @entity1 , there were no serious infectious episodes in the cases with LON. In multivariate analysis, intensive chemotherapy regimens including high-dose therapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and high-dose @entity1499 -containing regimens without ASCT were a risk factor for LON. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that LON is a frequent complication of rituximab-containing intensive chemotherapy.

title: A high incidence of late-onset @entity1398 following rituximab-containing chemotherapy as a primary treatment of XXXX -positive @entity1892 : a single-institution study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity2225 :: (54474,Gene) :: ['CD20']


abstract: The reduction of pre-enkephalin ( @entity43154 ) mRNA expression might be an early sign of striatal @entity528 in @entity2033 ( @entity2033 ), due to mutated @entity25864 protein. Indeed, striatopallidal ( @entity43154 -containing) neurodegeneration occurs at earlier stage of the disease, compare to the loss of striatonigral neurons. However, no data are available about the functional role of striatal @entity43154 in @entity2033 . According to the neuroprotective properties of opioids that have been recognized recently, the objective of this study was to investigate whether striatal overexpression of @entity43154 at early stage of @entity2033 can improve motor dysfunction, and/or reduce striatal neuronal loss in the R6/2 transgenic @entity19 model of @entity2033 . To achieve this goal recombinant adeno-associated-virus (rAAV2)-containing green fluorescence protein (GFP)- @entity43154 was injected bilaterally in the striatum of R6/2 @entity19 at 5 weeks old to overexpress opioid peptide @entity43154 . Striatal injection of rAAV2-GFP was used as a control. Different behavioral tests were carried out before and/or after striatal injections of rAAV2. The animals were euthanized at 10 weeks old. Our results demonstrate that striatal overexpression of @entity43154 had beneficial effects on behavioral symptoms of @entity2033 in R6/2 by: delaying the onset of decline in muscular force; reduction of clasping; improvement of fast motor activity, short-term memory and recognition; as well as normalization of @entity148 -like behavior. The improvement of @entity146 in R6/2 @entity19 having received rAAV2-GFP- @entity43154 associated with upregulation of striatal @entity43154 mRNA; the increased level of enkephalin peptide in the striatum, globus pallidus and substantia nigra; as well as the slight increase in the number of striatal neurons compared with other groups of R6/2. Accordingly, we suggest that at early stage of @entity2033 upregulation of striatal enkephalin might play a key role at @entity536 .

title: Striatal pre-enkephalin overexpression improves @entity2033 in the R6/2 XXXX model of @entity2033 .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease", 'HD']

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['attenuating illness symptoms']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal dysfunction']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity867 were produced in the @entity35 by direct intracerebral injection of agarose beads laden with @entity794 . The method proved to be easy, reproducible, effective and was associated with a low mortality rate. The histopathologic features of the experimental abscess are similar to other animal models and to @entity1 abscesses. The encapsulation of the lesion, macrophage/microglial response, astrocytic activation, and changes in the surrounding brain parenchyma were studied by immunohistochemistry. @entity4 , diffuse microglial activation and diffuse astrocytosis characterized the early reaction of the injected cerebral hemisphere. After day 10, @entity4 subsided, and the microglial and astrocytic responses became restricted to the area around the lesion. Fibronectin deposition in the capsule preceded the appearance of myofibroblasts, which was concurrent with the beginning of collagen deposition on day 9. Hypervascularity of the capsule appeared as early as day 6 and persisted through day 28. This study suggests that @entity867 formation can be separated into three components: an initial period of @entity4 and glial activation; an intermediate phase of neovascularization and fibronectin deposition; and a final phase of collagen deposition and progressive @entity82 . This new model offers an excellent paradigm for the analysis of neural tissue reaction and de novo fibrous tissue deposition.

title: Development and characterization of an experimental model of @entity867 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'Edema']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess', 'Brain abscesses']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A randomized retrospective study concerning survival of @entity3739 treatment and enucleation in @entity320 @entity1 has been performed. For 112 @entity1 from Hamburg who underwent @entity3739 therapy individual match partners were selected in Copenhagen where during the same period of time enucleation was the standard procedure. Selection took place concerning @entity1 's age and sex at the time of treatment, initial @entity5 volume and the time of treatment. The present status of the @entity1 was not known during the selection process. During the observation time of 12 years there was a survival rate after irradiation of 77.9% and after enucleation of 78.6%. @entity797 regression disclosed a coefficient of 0.049 with a standard aviation of 0.293 and a P-value of 0.867. All parameters were showing no statistical difference between @entity3739 treated and enucleated @entity1 . The survival rate in males was 69.2%, female @entity1 87.2%. For male @entity1 there was a 2,4-fold higher risk to develop @entity3 compared with female @entity1 . @entity1 's age at the time of treatment correlated significantly with the prognosis. There was an increase in mortality risk by factor 1.4 per decade.

title: [ @entity320 . A retrospective randomized comparative study of XXXX irradiation vs enucleation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['Ruthenium']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity3739 :: (MESH:D012428,Chemical) :: ['ruthenium']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study in pregnancy. OBJECTIVES: To differentiate between pregnancy related pelvic @entity158 ( @entity44144 ) and @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) in Iranian @entity1 , and investigate the prevalence of each syndrome. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Most of the information about @entity44144 and @entity1643 has been obtained in Western countries. There are few studies to investigate pregnancy related @entity158 , and, especially, differentiate between @entity44144 and @entity1643 in non-Western countries, particularly in the Middle East. METHODS: This study included 325 pregnant @entity1 , ranging in age from 16 to 42 years. All pregnant @entity1 were interviewed using a questionnaire. Two trained physical therapists performed the posterior pelvic @entity158 provocation test on all @entity1 with @entity158 . RESULTS: A total of 161 pregnant @entity1 (49.5%) had reported @entity158 at the time of the examination. Based on the posterior pelvic @entity158 provocation test, 91 @entity1 (28%) had @entity44144 , 43 (13.2%) had @entity1643 , and 27 (8.3%) had both @entity44144 and @entity1643 simultaneously. The intensity of @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity158 using the visual analog scale was 5.6 (standard deviation 2.0; range 2-10). CONCLUSIONS: About 1 in every 2 pregnant @entity1 studied experienced @entity158 at the time of the examination. In this study, @entity44144 was almost 2 times more common than @entity1643 . The high prevalence of @entity44144 suggests that this symptom is a significant health problem in Iranian pregnant @entity1 , and needs more attention by Iranian health professionals and researchers.

title: Pregnancy related pelvic @entity158 and XXXX in an Iranian population.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'LBP']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['lumbopelvic pain', 'pain', 'girdle pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: Recent studies suggest that @entity65 is associated with abdominal distribution of adipose tissue rather than @entity28 in terms of total body fat. A number of other variables, known to be associated with @entity28 , were therefore examined in a cohort of randomly selected middle-aged @entity1 in relation to abdominal distribution of adipose tissue, measured as the ratio of the circumferences of the waist and hips (WHR), as well as to degree of @entity28 , measured as body mass index (BMI). These variables included anthropometric variables, cardiovascular risk factors as well as socioeconomic factors and physical health. Increased WHR, independent of BMI, was negatively associated with height, and hip circumference. Positive associations were found with blood pressure, @entity165 , @entity1674 , @entity2002 and smoking. In addition positive associations were found with low social class and social group, illness in terms of sick leave, frequent use of health facilities such as X-rays, as well as diseases such as peptic ulcer. In sharp contrast to this, BMI, independent of WHR, was not associated with physical health variables or social class. Generalized @entity28 seemed to be associated with good health in the variables measured. There were positive associations to various anthropometric variables, including lean body mass. High BMI was also associated with elevated blood pressure and @entity1674 . Several of the indicators of poor health traditionally associated with @entity28 thus do not seem to be characteristic for @entity28 in middle-aged @entity1 selected at random from the population but rather for an abdominal fat distribution, independent of @entity28 .

title: Obesity, adipose tissue distribution and health in @entity1 --the study of XXXX born in 1913.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: @entity5600 are widely used as plasticizers, and improved ability to predict emissions of @entity5600 is of interest because of concern about their health effects. An experimental chamber was used to measure emissions of @entity5248 ( @entity5248 ) from @entity3324 flooring, with @entity1329 particles introduced to examine their influence on the emission rate and to measure the partitioning of @entity5248 onto airborne particles. When particles were introduced to the chamber at concentrations of 100 to 245  g/m(3), the total (gas + particle) @entity5248 concentrations increased by a factor of 3 to 8; under these conditions, emissions were significantly enhanced compared to the condition without particles. The measured @entity5248 partition coefficient to @entity1329 particles with a median diameter of 45    5 nm was 0.032    0.003 m(3)/ g (95% confidence interval). The @entity5248 -particle sorption equilibration time was demonstrated to be less than 1 min. Both the partition coefficient and equilibration time agree well with predictions from the literature. This study represents the first known measurements of the particle-gas partition coefficient for @entity5248 . Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the emission rate of @entity5248 is substantially enhanced in the presence of particles. The particles rapidly sorb @entity5248 from the gas phase, allowing more to be emitted from the source, and also appear to enhance the convective mass-transfer coefficient itself. Airborne particles can influence SVOC fate and transport in the indoor environment, and these mechanisms must be considered in evaluating exposure and @entity1 health.

title: Characterizing gas-particle interactions of phthalate plasticizer emitted from XXXX flooring.

entities_list: @entity5248 :: ('MESH:D004051', 'Chemical') :: ['DEHP', 'di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate']

entities_list: @entity5600 :: ('CHEBI:26092', 'Chemical') :: ['Phthalates', 'phthalates']

entities_list: @entity1329 :: ('MESH:D000645', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulfate']

answer: @entity3324 :: (CHEBI:37603,Chemical) :: ['vinyl']


abstract: Renal biopsies commonly display tissue remodeling with a combination of many different findings. In contrast to @entity130 , kidney remodeling largely results from intrinsic responses, but why? Distinct danger response programs were positively selected throughout evolution to survive @entity130 and to regenerate tissue defects. These are: (1) clotting to avoid major @entity548 , (2) immunity to control infection, (3) epithelial repair and (4) mesenchymal repair. Collateral damages are acceptable for the sake of host survival but causes for @entity8 commonly affect the kidneys in a diffuse manner. This way, @entity3459 , @entity32 , deregulated @entity2543 or @entity82 contribute to kidney remodeling. Here, I focus on how these ancient danger response programs determine renal pathology mainly because they develop in a deregulated manner, either as insufficient or overshooting processes that modulate each other. From a therapeutic point of view, immunopathology can be prevented by suppressing @entity8 , a useless atavism with devastating consequences. In addition, it appears as an important goal for the future to promote podocyte and tubular epithelial cell repair, potentially by stimulating the differentiation of their newly discovered intrarenal progenitor cells. By contrast, it is still unclear whether selectively targeting renal fibrogenesis can preserve or bring back lost renal parenchyma, which would be required to maintain or improve kidney function. Thus, renal pathology results from ancient danger responses that evolved because of their evolutional benefits upon @entity130 . Understanding these causalities may help to shape the search for novel treatments for @entity8 @entity1 .

title: Four danger response programs determine glomerular and tubulointerstitial kidney pathology: clotting, XXXX , epithelial and mesenchymal healing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney injury', 'sterile renal inflammation', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial healing']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: @entity2263 )-adrenoceptors are widely distributed and occur on airway epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to find out whether the two long-acting @entity2263 )-agonists @entity6410 and @entity10453 influence @entity650 ( @entity35189 ( @entity687 ) release from airway epithelial cells in vitro. A549 cells and primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) were stimulated with organic dust from @entity1707 barns. Non-stimulated and dust-stimulated cells were incubated for 24h with @entity6410 or @entity10453 (10(-13)-10(-6)M) and the release of @entity650 and @entity687 into the medium was assessed by ELISA technique. @entity1169 (10(-5)M) or @entity2778 (10(-3)M) were used to block the @entity2263 )-agonist mediated effects. @entity6410 and @entity10453 both induced enhancement of @entity650 and @entity687 release and added to the effect of organic dust. This enhanced release was blocked by a beta-blocker in PBEC but not in A549 cells. To our knowledge, this is the first time @entity2263 )-agonists have been shown to stimulate @entity650 release from airway epithelial cells. The results indicate different mechanisms of @entity2263 )-agonist action in bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells. Furthermore, our results indicate that A549 cells do not possess functional @entity2263 )-adrenoceptors.

title: Effect of @entity6410 and @entity10453 on @entity650 and XXXX release in airway epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['Formoterol', 'formoterol']

answer: @entity687 :: (3576,Gene) :: ['IL-8']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To date, there have been few prospective cohort studies that have investigated the association between meat consumption and the risk of @entity14 ( @entity14 ) in Asian countries. A large, population-based cohort study was conducted to assess the effect of the frequency of meat consumption on the risk of @entity14 in Korean adults. METHODS: The @entity1 were Korean government employees, school faculty members, and their unemployed dependents, aged 30-80 years, who underwent health examinations between 1996 and 1997. In 2003, information on @entity14 incidence was obtained during the 6-7 year follow-up period. The final data analysis included 2,248,129 study subjects. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the HR were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, @entity14 occurred in 4,501 @entity1 and 1,943 @entity1 (64.19 and 36.34 for age-standardized incidence rates per 100,000 @entity1 -years, respectively). In the total population, the estimated HRs and 95% CI for meat consumption of 2-3 times per week and more than 4 times per week compared with consumption of less than once per week were 1.06 (1.01-1.12) and 1.23 (1.13-1.35), respectively. In @entity1 only and @entity1 only groups, the HRs (95% CI) for consumption of more than 4 times per week compared with consumption of less than once per week were 1.13 (1.02-1.26) and 1.42 (1.21-1.66), respectively. CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest that frequency of meat consumption is positively associated with the risk of @entity14 .

title: The risk of XXXX is associated with the frequency of meat consumption in a population-based cohort in Korea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: The management of @entity979 remains controversial. During 1994 we treated four consecutive adults (16-44 yrs) harbouring a @entity979 with a neuroendoscopic procedure. All of them presented with @entity1276 . Pre-operative workup included cranial computerized tomography (CT), craniospinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and serum levels of biological @entity5 markers. The endoscopic procedure consisted of a third ventriculostomy followed by biopsy with a flexible, steerable neuroendoscope. Histological diagnosis was achieved in three @entity1 who no longer required a shunt device. Recorded complications were: bleeding during ventriculostomy that prevented us from obtaining a good sample for biopsy, @entity2414 that cleared over a two-week period, and transient increase of pre-operative @entity1269 . Complications and morbidity are emphasized so as to be avoided with further technical experience. Neuroendoscopy affords a minimally invasive way of reaching three objectives by one-step surgery in the management of pineal region lesions: 1) CSF sample for analysis of @entity5 markers. 2) Treatment of @entity1276 by third ventriculostomy. 3) Several biopsy specimens can be obtained identifying @entity5 which will require further open surgery or adjuvant radiation and/or chemotherapy.

title: Neuroendoscopic management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity979 :: ('MESH:D010871', 'Disease') :: ['pineal tumour', 'pineal tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['short-term memory loss']

answer: @entity979 :: (MESH:D010871,Disease) :: ['pineal region tumours']


abstract: We present an uncommon case of @entity1164 in a 34-year-old white @entity1 . She was found lifeless at home by her parents. Three months before @entity204 she was recovered at the Emergency Room for @entity662 , palpitation and @entity909 . Subsequent cardiological evaluation with ECG showed sinusal rhythm, QRS deviation to the left, QS aspect, asymmetric and rounded T waves and slight length of QT. During hospitalization she presented some episodes of supraventricular @entity8942 and non-sustained @entity1165 . No echocardiography alterations were found. An anti-arrhythmic treatment was prescribed. Autopsy revealed some @entity2318 in the myocardium of left ventricle. The histological examination of the heart revealed diffuse and extensive @entity82 with non-caseating @entity738 . The lungs, kidneys and lymph node also showed the same non-caseating @entity738 . The diagnosis of @entity370 with massive and extensive cardiac involvement was established as cause of @entity204 .

title: Arrhythmogenesis and diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis. An immunohistochemical study in a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas', 'sarcoid granulomas']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic scarring']

entities_list: @entity8942 :: ('MESH:D013614', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity1164 :: (MESH:D016757,Disease) :: ['sudden cardiac death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the benefits of preoperative @entity353 and adequacy of dietary patterns in bariatric surgery is well-recognized, the nutritional strategies in the preoperative period have been scarcely investigated. We aimed to evaluate the impact of intensive and standard nutritional interventions on body weight, energy intake, and eating quality. METHODS: This is a retrospective study in which 32 @entity1 undergoing intensive nutritional intervention, with low-calorie diet (10 kcal/kg) and biweekly visits, were pair-matched by age, sex, and body mass index with 32 @entity1 under a standard nutritional intervention, based on a general dietary counseling. Twenty-four-hour food recall was used to assess energy intake and to derive @entity1277 ( @entity1277 ). The follow-up preoperative period varied from 8 to 16 weeks. RESULTS: Weight loss was observed in 72% of the @entity1 from the intensive intervention group and 75% of the @entity1 from the standard intervention group. According to the mixed model analysis, time effect on @entity353 in both groups was significant (P   =   0.0002); however, no difference was found between the intervention groups (P   =   0.71). The time effect was significant in both groups for @entity7493 as well (P   <   0.0001), but no difference was found between the intervention groups (P   =   0.25). Improvement of eating quality was expressed by the nutrient score of the @entity1277 that increased significantly overtime (P   =   0.02), also without distinction between the groups (P   =   0.61). CONCLUSION: Both intensive and standard nutritional interventions promoted @entity353 , @entity7493 , and improvement of eating quality in morbidly @entity28 @entity1 during preoperative period.

title: Preoperative nutritional interventions in morbid XXXX : impact on body weight, energy intake, and eating quality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7493 :: ('MESH:D011502', 'Disease') :: ['energy intake reduction']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['healthy eating index', 'HEI']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: The French @entity195 Plan aims, in an unprecedented national effort, to develop research, promote optimal diagnosis, and take better care of @entity1 . In order to evaluate the clinical interest and use of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, a data-sharing project, the @entity6512 (Paris-North, Lille and Montpellier) study has emerged through collaboration between these memory centers, already involved in this field. The revised @entity195 ( @entity195 ) diagnosis criteria include CSF biomarkers, but little is known about their use in routine clinical practice. To evaluate their interest and diagnostic accuracy in routine @entity195 diagnosis, a cohort of 677 @entity1 from Montpellier was first analyzed. The results were then validated through the analysis of a second cohort of 638 @entity1 from Lille and Paris-Nord. Diagnoses of @entity195 and other @entity303 were established by multidisciplinary expert teams, based on neuropsychological exams and structural brain imaging, blinded from CSF results. CSF amyloid-b, tau, and p-tau concentrations were measured for all @entity1 . Receiver-operating characteristic curves were used to define cut-offs and evaluate the ability of each biomarker to discriminate @entity195 from other diagnoses. We showed that p-tau outperformed other biomarkers for discriminating @entity195 from non- @entity195 @entity1 and presents a clear clinical interest. The other biomarkers also showed relevant variations especially when the differential @entity195 diagnoses were taken into account. Altogether we could demonstrate in both mono-centric and multi-centric cohorts from memory clinics the capacity of CSF biomarkers to discriminate @entity195 from non- @entity195 @entity1 in clinical routine with a high sensitivity and specificity.

title: Impact of the 2008-2012 French Alzheimer Plan on the use of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in research memory center: the XXXX Study.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementias']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's Disease"]

answer: @entity6512 :: (5348,Gene) :: ['PLM']


abstract: Forty normotensive @entity1 (mean age 12.3 +/- 6.5 years) followed up after a successful repair of @entity1498 (mean age at coarctectomy 5.1 +/- 4.8 yrs) were studied by echo-Doppler to (1) evaluate left ventricular (LV) remodeling and endocardial and midwall mechanics, and (2) identify factors that might predispose to persistent abnormalities. Sex- and age-specific cutoff levels for LV mass/height2.7 and relative wall thickness were defined to assess LV geometry. To adjust for age-and growth-related changes in ventricular mechanics, all echocardiographic variables were expressed as a Z-score relative to the normal distribution. In addition, the smallest diameter of the aorta was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and calculated as percent narrowing compared with the diameter of the aorta at the diaphragmatic level. In the study group, 24 of 40 @entity1 (60%) had normal LV geometry. Among the 16 @entity1 (40%) with abnormal LV geometry, 5 (12.5%) had a pattern of concentric remodeling and 11 (27.5%) an @entity1184 . LV @entity1184 was marked (LV mass index >51 g/m2.7) in 5 of these @entity1 . No @entity1 had a pattern of @entity1184 . LV contractility was increased (Z-score >95th percentile) in 28 @entity1 (70%) as assessed using the endocardial stress-velocity index. In contrast, LV contractility assessed using midwall stress-velocity index remained elevated (Z-score >95th percentile) in 15 @entity1 (37.5%). The stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis was not able to detect any significant independent predictor of abnormal LV remodeling, including sex, age at surgical repair, length of postoperative follow-up, heart rate, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and smallest diameter of the aorta, as well as indexes of LV geometry (shape, mass, volume, mass/ volume ratio) and function (preload, afterload, pump function, and @entity296 ). Thus, normotensive @entity1 after surgical repair of @entity1498 may be in an @entity65 (more frequent in those who have undergone late repair) and have multiple patterns of LV geometry.

title: Left ventricular remodeling and mechanics after successful repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial contractility']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['eccentric hypertrophy', 'concentric hypertrophy', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['LV hyperdynamic cardiovascular state']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['aortic coarctation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Stigma can have detrimental effects on the health and wellbeing of individuals living with a @entity1032 . This scoping review describes the nature, range, and extent of intervention research aimed at reducing public and self-stigma of @entity1032 in the Canadian context. The review was guided by Arksey and O'Malley's framework. A search of databases and relevant websites identified 35 primary studies. Most studies used quantitative research methods and included predominantly youth or middle-aged adults, @entity1 , and white Canadian-born @entity1 . Guided by different conceptualizations of stigma, direct or indirect contact, education, and advocacy-focused interventions, aimed to provide information, and/or develop skills to address self and public stigma. Most studies evaluated interventions' effectiveness short-term. Of the few studies that followed-up @entity1 long-term, some were able to reduce stigmatizing attitudes post-intervention, however, these targeted only specific groups such as students or health care professionals. Lack of diversity among the samples, and limited evidence of long-term effectiveness of interventions, were some of the studies' limitations. What is currently known about interventions aimed at reducing the stigma of @entity1032 in the Canadian context is not informed by research among vulnerable groups, such as @entity1 living with a @entity1032 , older adults, immigrants, and @entity1 of diverse ethnic backgrounds. Interventions that are informed by clear conceptualizations of stigma and rigorously evaluated in a range of ethno-cultural groups would create a knowledge base that is useful for policy-makers, community leaders, and agencies serving various ethnic communities in Canada.

title: Knowing so much, yet knowing so little: a scoping review of interventions that address the stigma of XXXX in the Canadian context.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people', 'women']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental illness']