abstract: BACKGROUND: This paper describes trends in hospital activity, hospital admissions, and treatments for @entity14 on residents of the South Thames regions (population 8 million) between 1989-1993 against the background of the Calman Report on the future of @entity5 services in England and Wales. METHODS: The analyses are derived from UK hospital data, which are collected as finished consultant episodes (FCEs). These are defined as episodes "where a @entity1 has completed a period of care under a consultant and is either transferred to another consultant or is discharged." Probability matching was used to derive @entity1 -based records, matching FCEs to admissions. A total of 18,542 South Thames residents aged 40-99 were admitted for @entity14 between 1 January 1989 and 31 December 1993. Time trends were analysed for procedures, FCEs, admissions, and @entity1 numbers by admission type (ordinary admissions and day case admissions). RESULTS: Between 1989 and 1993 inclusive @entity14 admissions doubled (98% increase p (trend) < 0.0001). These admissions were a result of a 6.4-fold increase in day case admissions and a 41% increase in ordinary admissions. The proportion of @entity1 having a day case admission rose from 9% in 1989 to 18% in 1993 (p < 0.0001). Overall, 2894 (16%) @entity1 had a day case admission; 1894 of these (65%) were also admitted as ordinary admissions. The number of FCEs and admissions per @entity1 rose from 1.37 and 1.28 respectively in 1989 to 2.09 and 1.99 respectively in 1993. FCEs were between 5% and 8% higher than admissions over the five years. The number of ordinary (that is, overnight) inpatient admissions per @entity1 rose from 1.23 to 1.41 over the five year period and day case inpatient admissions from 1.25 to 3.45. Chemotherapy accounted for 50% of the rise in day case admissions; colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy were associated with a further 18%. Fourteen per cent of the increase in ordinary admissions was also because of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: The monitoring of site specific trends in admission, treatments, and procedures on a population basis should be a core requirement of health authorities to inform needs assessment, resource allocation, and service planning. The rise in admissions and chemotherapy treatments have implications for drug costs, laboratory and inpatient services, monitoring, and clinical audit.

title: Trends in XXXX care in southern England, 1989-1993: using HES data to inform @entity5 services reviews.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) is a hormone that modulates a variety of agronomically important growth and developmental processes and various stresses responses, but its signal transduction pathways remain poorly understood. @entity53419 , a member of ROP small GTPases in @entity958 ( @entity958 ), is a plasma membrane-associated protein specifically involved in negative regulation of @entity2272 responses. To dissect the @entity53419 -mediated @entity2272 signaling, we carried out transcriptome analysis using the @entity958 full-genome chip. Our analysis revealed a total of 262 and 125 genes that were, respectively, up- and down-regulated (> or =2-fold cutoff) by 1 mum @entity2272 in wild type (Wassilewskija [Ws]); 42 up-regulated and 38 down-regulated genes have not been identified in other studies. Consistent with the nonpleiotropic phenotypes of @entity53419 -1, only three genes were altered in @entity53419 -1 in the absence of @entity2272 treatment. In response to 1 microm @entity2272 , 341 and 127 genes were, respectively, activated and repressed in @entity53419 -1. Interestingly, a particular subset of 21 genes that were not altered by 1 microm @entity2272 in Ws but only activated in @entity53419 -1 was identified. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed the existence of three distinct categories of @entity2272 dose-response patterns. One novel category is characterized by their @entity2272 unresponsiveness in Ws and activation in @entity53419 -1 at 1 microm but not 10 and 100 microm of @entity2272 . This indicates that @entity53419 gates the expression of genes that are specific to low concentrations of @entity2272 . Furthermore, almost all of these 21 genes are known to be highly induced by various biotic and abiotic stresses. Consequently, we found that @entity53419 -1 enhanced the sensitivity of seed germination inhibition to @entity2656 and @entity2827 . Our results suggest that @entity53419 negatively regulates @entity2272 responses by specifically and differentially modulating the @entity2272 sensitivity of a subset of genes including protein kinases and @entity219 -finger family proteins.

title: Transcriptome analysis reveals specific modulation of @entity2271 signaling by @entity53419 small GTPase in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['Abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: Abnormal uterine perfusion detected by Doppler sonography reflects impaired trophoblast invasion, a factor involved in the pathogenesis of pregnancy complications such as @entity1468 or @entity1592 . Recent studies have demonstrated an autoantibody against the angiotensin type 1 ( @entity7743 ) receptor in pregnant @entity1 with @entity1468 . Our aim was to determine whether the @entity7743 autoantibody precedes the clinical symptoms and is thus predictive of @entity1468 . We therefore detected this antibody in serum from second trimester pregnancies with abnormal uterine perfusion because these @entity1 show an indirect sign of inadequate trophoblast invasion. Then the @entity7743 autoantibody distribution/concentration was compared with that of @entity1 at term with or without pregnancy pathology. The @entity7743 autoantibody was already detectable in second trimester pregnant @entity1 with abnormal uterine perfusion before the clinical manifestation of @entity1468 (80%). However, it was also found in second trimester pregnant @entity1 with abnormal uterine perfusion who later developed @entity1592 (60%) or even had a normal course of pregnancy (62%). In the third trimester, the @entity7743 autoantibody was demonstrated in 89% of @entity1 with @entity1468 , 86% of those with manifest @entity1592 , and even in healthy pregnant @entity1 at term with a history of abnormal uterine perfusion in the second trimester. We conclude that the @entity7743 autoantibody is an early but nonspecific marker for @entity1468 . The generation of this antibody seems to be associated with distinct types of pregnancy disorders resulting from impaired placental development. The @entity7743 autoantibody may thus be causative for pathological uteroplacental perfusion.

title: XXXX agonistic antibodies reflect fundamental alterations in the uteroplacental vasculature.

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia', 'manifest preeclampsia']

answer: @entity7743 :: (185,Gene) :: ['Angiotensin II type 1 receptor']


abstract: Twenty-two @entity1 with @entity2799 were treated with @entity1968 (RA, 45 mg/m2 per day) for 90 days. Of the 22, four @entity1 were previously untreated, two were resistant after conventional chemotherapy, and 16 were in first (n = 11), second (n = 4), or third (n = 1) relapse. We observed 14 complete response, four transient responses, one failure, and three early @entity204 . Length of hospitalization and number of transfusions were notably reduced in complete responders. @entity3459 and an increase of WBCs were the first signs of all-trans RA efficacy. Morphologic analysis performed at days 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 showed that complete remissions were obtained without bone marrow (BM) @entity509 . Presence of Auer rods in the maturing cells confirmed the differentiation effect of the treatment. At remission, the t(15;17) initially present in 20 @entity1 was not found. The in vitro studies showed a differentiation in the presence of all-trans RA in 16 of the 18 tested cases. The single nonresponder to all trans RA in vitro did not respond in vivo. Adverse effects of RA therapy--skin and mucosa @entity2133 , @entity2298 , and increase of hepatic transaminases--were frequently noted. We also observed bone @entity158 in 11 @entity1 and hyperleukocytosis in four @entity1 . Whether maintenance treatment consisted of low-dose chemotherapy or all-trans RA, early relapses were observed. Five @entity1 are still in complete remission (CR) at 4 to 13 months. Our study confirms the major efficacy of all-trans RA in M3, even in relapsing @entity1 . Remissions are obtained by a differentiation process.

title: All-trans @entity1968 as a differentiation therapy for XXXX . I. Clinical results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity2799 :: ('MESH:D015473', 'Disease') :: ['acute promyelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['Correction of coagulation disorders']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['all-trans retinoic acid']

answer: @entity2799 :: (MESH:D015473,Disease) :: ['acute promyelocytic leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity2718 is the most common cause of @entity294 and can be found in up to 30% of asymptomatic hospitalized @entity1 . Our primary aim was to compare the clinical characteristics of hospitalized @entity1 who received antibiotics and developed @entity2718 -associated @entity294 (CDAD) with those of hospitalized @entity1 who received antibiotics and did not develop the disease. DESIGN: Case-control study comprising inpatients at a single institution. @entity1 : Case- @entity1 were defined as @entity1 who had @entity294 and tested positive for @entity2718 . Control- @entity1 (matched 4:1 to case- @entity1 ) were defined as @entity1 who received antibiotics for at least 5 days and did not develop CDAD. RESULTS: On univariate analysis, nine variables were associated with CDAD. Only three of the variables, need for intensive care, length of stay, and macrolide antibiotic use, were found to be significant (P < .05) on logistic regression analysis. The odds ratios for status as a CDAD case were 3.68 (CI95, 1.44 to 9.40) for stay in the intensive care unit and 1.03 (CI95, 1.02 to 1.05) for each day of hospital stay. Receipt of macrolide antibiotics reduced risk significantly; the odds ratio was 0.23 (CI95, 0.19 to 0.87). CONCLUSIONS: We identified need for intensive care and length of stay as important risk factors for the development of CDAD. We also identified macrolide antibiotic use as protective against its development. @entity1 receiving intensive care may represent a population to study for targeted prophylaxis.

title: XXXX among hospitalized patients receiving antibiotics: a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['infectious nosocomial diarrhea', 'diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['C. difficile', 'Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity2718 :: (1496,Species) :: ['Clostridium difficile']


abstract: This work characterizes the erythropoietic interplay of the spleen, blood, and bone marrow in a lethal @entity19 @entity311 , strain 17XL @entity501 . This @entity311 runs a fulminant 7 day course in BALB/c/ByJ @entity19 , marked by high levels of parasitized reticulocytes with @entity204 likely due to @entity417 . We have quantitated the levels of burst forming units-erythroid (BFU-E), the early, niche-seeking, largely @entity14190 -unresponsive erythropoietic precursors, and of colony forming units-erythroid (CFU-E), the more differentiated sessile @entity14190 -responsive precursors, in bone marrow, blood, and spleen, through the course of this @entity311 . A decline in marrow BFU-E began on day 2, but recovered, relatively, after day 3. Marrow cellularity declined, being but 75% normal on day 6. Spleen weight increased about 5-fold within 6 days with enlargement of erythroid, lymphoid, macrophage, and stromal compartments. Splenic BFU-E increased in the first 24 hr and 5-fold by day 6. Splenic CFU-E increased in the first 24 hr and into day 4. They then declined and showed a secondary, large-scale, sustained rise interrupted by @entity204 . Because the spleen was enlarging, a greater than 60-fold increase in the absolute number of splenic CFU-E occurred at the time of @entity204 . Marrow CFU-E followed the same pattern as splenic CFU-E, but the terminal increase represented but a 4-fold absolute increase because of declining marrow cellularity. High levels of @entity14190 occurred only late in the course of disease, likely in response to profound @entity417 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Mechanisms of splenic control of @entity19 XXXX : tissue culture studies of the erythropoietic interplay of spleen, bone marrow, and blood in lethal (strain 17XL) @entity501 @entity311 in BALB/c @entity19 .

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this study, we investigated the protective effects of frequently used intravenous anesthetics ( @entity3652 , @entity1875 , thiopental, and @entity3575 ) in oxidative stress in a @entity35 liver model of @entity3883 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity35 albino @entity35 were divided into four groups in a randomized fashion. All @entity35 were subjected to laparotomy, common bile duct ligation and severance on day 0. Following 7 days, laparotomy was again performed using @entity3652 , @entity1875 , @entity4485 , or @entity3575 anesthesia. After 2 hours, the animals were sacrificed and tissue specimens were acquired for histopathological scoring and determination of @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), @entity224 dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. RESULTS: All @entity35 demonstrated enlargement in the bile duct, @entity3883 , and histopathologic ductal proliferation. @entity1865 and SOD levels were significantly lower in the @entity3652 group compared with the thiopental and @entity3575 groups. CAT was significantly increased in the @entity3652 group compared with the other groups. The best portal polymorphonuclear leukocyte and @entity39 scores were in the @entity3652 group, but this difference was not statistically significant ( p=0.07). CONCLUSION: @entity3652 and @entity1875 were observed to cause the least amount of oxidative stress in this @entity35 model of induced oxidative stress generated by ligation of the common bile duct. This experiment is the first study on this subject in the literature (Tab. 3, Ref. 65).

title: The protective effects of @entity3652 and @entity1875 in XXXX : an experimental study.

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity3883 :: (MESH:D041781,Disease) :: ['obstructive jaundice']


abstract: Relatively few data have been reported on prospective changes in global @entity6475 (GLS) following cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), and none are available on GLS during physical exercise. We investigated the effects of CRT on GLS, assessed by speckle tracking two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography, at rest and during exercise after a mid-term follow-up. Twenty consecutive CRT @entity1 (45% ischaemic) were assessed prospectively by speckle tracking 2D echocardiography before implant (at rest) and at mid-term follow-up (during rest and bicycle exercise). GLS, septum and lateral wall @entity6475 , @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ), and conventional functional variables were evaluated at baseline and follow-up. All @entity1 completed the study protocol at rest. Exercise images were available in 90% of the @entity1 . At follow-up, GLS improved at rest from -7.1    2.6% to -9.1    4.5% (P<0.01), with a further increase to -11    5.1% during exercise (P<0.001). Longitudinal strain increased at rest both in the septum and in the lateral wall, with an additional increase during exercise in the lateral wall (P<0.05). GLS correlated with @entity1002 both at rest (r= -0.55 and r= -0.91 at baseline and 3 months, respectively; P<0.05) and during exercise (r= -0.89, P<0.05). Improvement in GLS during rest and exercise can be observed in CRT @entity1 at mid-term follow-up and seems to correlate with changes in @entity1002 . GLS may be a valuable method to assess left ventricular function during rest and exercise.

title: XXXX during rest and exercise in @entity1 treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal strain']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

answer: @entity6475 :: (MESH:D013180,Disease) :: ['Changes in global longitudinal strain']


abstract: Animal models are widely used to evoke responses comparable to those obtained during weightlessness. Two models are reviewed; one examines cardiovascular responses and cephalad fluid shifts in @entity135 ( @entity135 ), and the other examines @entity194 in load bearing muscles by unloading the hind limbs. Cephalad fluid shifts result in diuresis, natriuresis, and kaliuresis. Reversals are rapid, within one week. Reports of cardiovascular responses are not similar among various laboratories, probably due to variations in protocols. Blood pressures (MAP, SP and DP) and heart rates measured with direct aorta cannulations become elevated as early as one and three days of @entity135 ; recovery occurs within several hours; the response is a transient @entity101 . The role of central and peripheral sympathetic nervous activity in flight and suspended @entity35 is examined. @entity35 show little or no evidence of cardiac deconditioning. Direct blood pressures have not been made in flight @entity35 , precluding direct comparisons with earth side experiments. @entity2057 and load bearing (slow twitch fibers) and non-load bearing (fast twitch fibers) muscle responses with hind limb unloading and recovery are compared with flight animal responses. Soleus muscle in response to @entity15531 ( @entity15531 ), @entity25064 ( @entity25064 ) or flight exposure consistently shows significant @entity353 . In contrast, the extensor digitorum longus and vastus medialis show less marked responses. More specifically, slow twitch fibers in all these muscles show the greatest loss in mass (e.g. cross sectional areas). The conclusion is that both @entity15531 or @entity25064 systems are useful in predicting and comparing changes due to weightless flight.

title: Weightlessness simulations for cardiovascular and muscle systems: validity of XXXX models.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['HDT', 'head down tilting']

entities_list: @entity25064 :: ('MESH:C562903', 'Disease') :: ['tail suspension', 'TS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity15531 :: ('MESH:C531766', 'Disease') :: ['WBS', 'whole body suspension']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['Muscle atrophy']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and efficacy of fornix-based trabeculectomy with Wise's suture technique in Chinese subjects. DESIGN: A retrospective noncomparative case series. @entity1 : Forty-eight eyes of 44 Chinese subjects that underwent fornix-based trabeculectomy combined with intraoperative 0.4 mg/ml @entity1138 for 3 to 5 minutes were studied. INTERVENTION: Conjunctival wound closure of all eyes was with the Wise's technique using 9-0 nylon suture to prevent leakage at the corneolimbal interface. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The success rate, with or without antiglaucoma medication, the complication rate, and the longevity of the drainage @entity4530 were analyzed. RESULTS: At a mean follow-up period of 21.8 +/- 4.5 months, 75% (36 eyes) had postoperative intraocular pressure of 21 mmHg or less. Of these, 23 eyes (47.9%) required no antiglaucoma medication, 7 eyes (14.6%) required one medication, 3 eyes (6.3%) required two medications, and 3 eyes (6.3%) required three medications. Ten eyes (21%) had early wound leak. Two eyes (4.2%) required surgical repair. Two eyes (4%) had @entity2421 . No other major complications were encountered. CONCLUSIONS: Fornix-based trabeculectomy with adjunctive @entity1138 -C using Wise's suture technique appears to be both safe and effective in Chinese subjects.

title: Fornix-based trabeculectomy with Wise's suture technique in Chinese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin', 'mitomycin-C']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonous maculopathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: During germination and early growth of @entity9377 ( @entity9377 ), all cellular constituents of the endosperm are eventually transferred to the growing embryo. The present results bear on the transport of breakdown products of nucleic acids. The total content of nucleic acids and @entity2036 declines rapidly between day 4 and day 8 of seedling development. Concomitant with this decline, a secretion of @entity859 , @entity17350 , and @entity5536 from excised endosperms into the incubation medium takes place, accompanying a much more extensive release of @entity969 and @entity1522 . Release of @entity2036 could not be detected. The rates of release were linear for at least 5 hours for all compounds measured, indicating that they were liberated due to a coordinated metabolism. Uptake studies with cotyledons removed from the seedling showed that these have the ability to absorb all the substances released from the endosperm. Besides @entity969 and @entity1522 , both @entity2642 and free @entity10043 and @entity7391 bases were taken up by the cotyledons with high efficiency. @entity860 was also transported whereas @entity855 was not. Kinetic analyses were carried out to estimate the maximal uptake capacities of the cotyledons. Rates of uptake were linear for at least 1 to 2 hours and saturation kinetics were observed for all substances investigated. It is concluded that @entity2642 can serve best as transport metabolites of nucleic acids, inasmuch as they are taken up by the cotyledons with the highest efficiency, the V(max)/K(m) ratios being considerably higher than those found for free @entity10043 and @entity7391 bases. For both @entity859 and @entity5536 transport, the V(max) was about 2 micromoles per hour per gram fresh weight, and the K(m) values were 0.12 and 0.37 millimolar, respectively. The rates of metabolite release from the endosperm and the capacity of the absorption system in the cotyledons are shown to account for the observed rates of disappearance of nucleic acids from the endosperm and efficient transport to the growing embryo.

title: Transport of @entity10043 and @entity7391 bases and XXXX from endosperm to cotyledons in germinating @entity9377 seedlings.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2642 :: ('MESH:D009705', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleosides']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity9377 :: ('3988', 'Species') :: ['castor bean', 'Ricinus communis']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity17350 :: ('MESH:D006151', 'Chemical') :: ['guanosine']

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine']

answer: @entity2642 :: (MESH:D009705,Chemical) :: ['nucleosides']


abstract: To evaluate the occurrence of complications during diagnostic or interventional catheterization a retrospective analysis of catheterization procedures in 12 Italian laboratories using the nonionic @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity3990 (370 mgI/ml) was performed. Data obtained on 26,219 @entity1 greater than or equal to 14 years are presented. The overall complication rate was 1.89% (485/26,219). The overall mortality rate was 0.1% (27/26,219). Procedure related complications were 389 (1.48%) and @entity8 related complications were 106 (0.4%). No @entity204 was attributed to @entity8 . @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) rate was 0.11% comparable to the low rate observed with nonionic @entity8 in other studies and less than the rate observed in surveys concerning the use of ionic @entity8 . Fifty-seven @entity715 events were recorded (0.22%), a rate comparable with other surveys with ionic and nonionic @entity8 . The total complication rate (6.1%), the rates of @entity1563 (1.34%), @entity583 (0.37%) and urgent coronary artery by-pass grafting (0.5%) in 1,348 coronary angioplasties were lower than those recorded in previous surveys. These data confirm a good tolerability and no increased risk of @entity2224 and @entity715 events with @entity3990 in cardiac catheterization.

title: @entity3990 in cardioangiography: a retrospective, multicenter study. Part I. Adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['contrast medium', 'CM']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'Ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity3990 :: ('MESH:D007479', 'Chemical') :: ['iopamidol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the biochemical disease-free survival rates in @entity1 60 years old or younger who were treated with surgery for localized @entity263 . METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 291 @entity1 60 years old or younger who had undergone radical prostatectomy as the sole primary treatment for @entity263 . Follow-up @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ) levels were measured 6 to 8 weeks after surgery and 4 to 6 months thereafter. Biochemical failure was defined as a detectable @entity1486 level (greater than 0.01 ng/mL). The median follow-up of the entire study group was 50 months. RESULTS: Eighty-one percent of the @entity1 presented with a serum @entity1486 level of 10 ng/mL or less, and 52% had a Gleason score of less than 7 on prostate biopsy. The radical prostatectomy specimens showed organ-confined disease in 72% of @entity1 , and 83% of @entity5 had a Gleason score of 7. The 1, 5, and 7-year biochemical disease-free survival rate was 99%, 91%, and 91%, respectively. The fitted multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed that having a prostatectomy specimen Gleason score greater than 7 or seminal vesicle invasion or nodal disease significantly increased the risk of biochemical failure. CONCLUSIONS: In the @entity1486 era, @entity1 with @entity263 who are 60 years old or younger and treated with surgery have an excellent biochemical disease-free outcome.

title: Biochemical disease-free survival in XXXX younger than 60 years with @entity263 treated with radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between frequency and severity of @entity158 symptoms and site, stage and morphological characteristics of endometriotic lesions was analysed in a multicentre cross-sectional observational study. METHODS: A total of 469 @entity1 (median age 31 years, range 18-45) who met the following criteria were consecutively observed in the participating centres during the study period: age 18-45 years, first laparoscopic or laparotomic diagnosis of @entity46 , @entity158 symptoms lasting > or = 6 months, @entity158 as the main or only complaint of the condition, absence of @entity530 and no previous pelvic surgery. Dysmenorrhoea and @entity1834 were evaluated using a multidimensional verbal rating scale. The @entity1 were requested to grade the severity of dysmenorrhoea, @entity1834 and @entity546 using a 10-point linear analogue scale. RESULTS: Dysmenorrhoea was present in 77% of subjects with @entity43 , 88% of those with @entity46 of the peritoneum, 92% of subjects with @entity43 and in all the subjects with @entity46 . These differences were not statistically significant after Bonferroni's correction. No marked difference emerged between the severity of dysmenorrhoea and site of @entity46 , but @entity1 with @entity43 tended to have lower scores (not significant). No clear association emerged between frequency and severity of @entity1834 , @entity546 and site of @entity46 and the presence and severity of dysmenorrhoea, @entity1834 and @entity546 . @entity546 was more frequently reported in @entity1 with only atypical @entity46 (56.8%) versus 47.7% in @entity1 with typical @entity46 , but with borderline significance (P = 0.05). @entity546 occurred in 68.2% of @entity1 with both typical and @entity75 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study find no clear-cut association between stage, site or morphological characteristics of @entity530 and @entity158 .

title: Relationship between stage, site and morphological characteristics of @entity530 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian endometriosis', 'endometriosis of both ovary and peritoneum']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['atypical lesions']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['non-menstrual pelvic pain', 'non-menstrual pain']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic endometriosis', 'pelvic anomalies']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis of rectovaginal septum', 'endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['deep dyspareunia', 'dyspareunia', 'Dyspareunia']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of two experimental @entity4410 ( @entity4411 ) mouthrinses containing 0.075% and 0.10% CPC on the development of @entity2522 and plaque versus a placebo control over a period of 6 months. METHODS: This was a randomized, single center, parallel group, double blind, positive and placebo controlled clinical trial. A 0.12% @entity1216 rinse served as the positive control for validation of the methodology. At the beginning of the trial, 366 subjects were balanced and randomly assigned to treatment groups. Subjects received a dental prophylaxis and began rinsing twice a day with 15 ml of their assigned mouthwash for 30 seconds after brushing their teeth. Subjects were assessed for @entity2522 and @entity548 by the L  e-Silness Gingival Index method and plaque by the Turesky modification of Quigley Hein Plaque Index at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of product use. Oral soft tissue health was also assessed. RESULTS: After 3 and 6 months, subjects rinsing with either 0.075% or 0.10% CPC had significantly (P< 0.0001) less @entity2522 , @entity548 , and plaque, on average, than those on placebo. The 6-month mean reductions in @entity2522 , @entity548 , and plaque for the 0.075% and 0.10% CPC rinses versus placebo were 23%, 30% and 17%, and 20%, 27% and 19%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in efficacy between the two CPC mouthrinses. Reductions at 3 months were similar to those seen at 6 months. Significant benefits were observed with @entity1216 , thereby validating the study. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study clearly demonstrates that CPC mouthrinses formulated to deliver therapeutic benefits when used twice daily can significantly prevent the development of @entity2522 , @entity548 , and plaque over a 6-month period.

title: A 6-month clinical study assessing the safety and efficacy of two XXXX mouthrinses.

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['gingival bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity4410 :: ('MESH:D002594', 'Chemical') :: ['cetylpyridinium chloride']

answer: @entity4410 :: (MESH:D002594,Chemical) :: ['cetylpyridinium chloride']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are cell wall proteoglycans that have been shown to be important for pollen development. An @entity958 double null mutant for two pollen-specific AGPs ( @entity51652 @entity51653 ) showed reduced pollen tube growth and compromised response to germination cues in vivo. A microarray experiment was performed on @entity51652 @entity51653 pollen tubes to search for genetic interactions in the context of pollen tube growth. A yeast two-hybrid experiment for @entity51652 and @entity51653 was also designed. RESULTS: The lack of two specific AGPs induced a meaningful shift in the gene expression profile. In fact, a high number of genes showed altered expression levels, strengthening the case that @entity51652 and @entity51653 are involved in complex phenomena. The expression levels of @entity460 - and signaling-related genes were found to be altered, supporting the known roles of the respective proteins in pollen tube growth. Although the precise nature of the proposed interactions needs further investigation, the putative involvement of AGPs in signaling cascades through calmodulin and protein degradation via ubiquitin was indicated. The expression of stress-, as well as signaling- related, genes was also changed; a correlation that may result from the recognized similarities between signaling pathways in both defense and pollen tube growth.The results of yeast two-hybrid experiments lent further support to these signaling pathways and revealed putative @entity51652 and @entity51653 interactors implicated in recycling of cell membrane components via endocytosis, through clathrin-mediated endosomes and multivesicular bodies. CONCLUSIONS: The data presented suggest the involvement of @entity51652 and @entity51653 in multiple signaling pathways, in particular those involved in developmental processes such as endocytosis-mediated plasma membrane remodeling during @entity958 pollen development. This highlights the importance of endosomal trafficking pathways which are rapidly emerging as fundamental regulators of the wall physiology.

title: Expression-based and co-localization detection of @entity51652 and arabinogalactan protein 11 interactors in XXXX pollen and pollen tubes.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of @entity74 is one of the most complicated challenges with high expenses for the health care system and society. There are still no general guidelines or scientific documentation to unequivocally support any single treatment for acute care following @entity7125 . The main purpose of this study is to try a new behavioural medicine intervention strategy at acute phase aimed to reduce the number of @entity1 who have persistent problems after the @entity7125 . The goal is also to identify which of three different interventions that is most cost-effective for @entity1 with @entity74 . In this study we are controlling for two factors. First, the effect of behavioural medicine approach is compared with standard care. Second, the manner in which the behavioural medicine treatment is administered, Internet or face-to-face, is evaluated in it's effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. METHODS/DESIGN: The study is a randomized, prospective, experimental three-group study with analyses of cost-effectiveness up to two-years follow-up. Internet - based programme and face-to-face group treatment programme are compared to standard-treatment only. @entity1 follow-ups take place three, six, twelve and 24 months, that is, short-term as well as long-term effects are evaluated. @entity1 will be enrolled via the emergency ward during the first week after the accident. DISCUSSION: This new self-help management will concentrate to those psychosocial factors that are shown to be predictive in long-term problems in @entity74 , i.e. the importance of self-efficacy, fear of movement, and the significance of catastrophizing as a coping strategy for restoring and sustaining activities of daily life. Within the framework of this project, we will develop, broaden and evaluate current physical therapy treatment methods for acute @entity74 . The project will contribute to the creation of a cost-effective behavioural medicine approach to management of acute @entity74 . The results of this study will answer an important question; on what extent and how should these @entity1 be treated at acute stage and how much does the best management cost. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN61531337.

title: A three-group study, internet-based, face-to-face based and standard- management after acute XXXX ( @entity74 ) - choosing the most efficient and cost-effective treatment: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity7125 :: ('MESH:D014911', 'Disease') :: ['whiplash injury']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['whiplash associated disorders']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['whiplash associated disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop evidence-based guidelines on best available treatment options for @entity1 with stage IIIB @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: A review was conducted of published English-language (abstract or full text) phase II or phase III trials and guidelines from other organizations that address management of the various categories of stage IIIB disease. The literature search was provided by the Duke University Center for Clinical Health Policy Research and supplemented by any additional studies known by the authors. RESULTS: Surgery may be indicated for carefully selected @entity1 with T4N0-1M0. @entity1 with N3 nodal involvement are not considered to be surgical candidates. For individuals with unresectable disease, good performance score, and minimal @entity353 , treatment with combined chemoradiotherapy results in better survival than radiotherapy (RT) alone. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy seems to be associated with improved survival compared with sequential chemoradiotherapy. Multiple daily fractions of RT when combined with chemotherapy have not been shown to result in improved survival compared with standard once-daily RT combined with chemotherapy. The optimal chemotherapy agents and the number of cycles of treatment to combine with RT are uncertain. CONCLUSION: Prospective trials are needed to answer important questions, such as the role of induction therapy in @entity1 with potentially resectable stage IIIB disease. Future trials are needed to answer the questions of optimal chemotherapy agents and radiation fractionation schedule. The role of targeted novel agents in combination with chemoradiotherapy is just starting to be investigated.

title: Treatment of XXXX , stage IIIB: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the high sensitivity of screening colonoscopy, @entity1127 and @entity5 can still go undetected. With the polyp-to-cancer transformation cycle averaging 7-10 years, present guidelines recommend repeat colonoscopy within 10 years after negative screening. However, not all @entity14 follow this @entity1162 . This study evaluates the incidence and pathology of @entity14 following a previous negative screening colonoscopy. METHODS: Records of @entity1 who underwent a colectomy at our institution, from 1998 to 2009, were reviewed retrospectively. A total of 1,784 @entity1 records were screened using exclusion criteria for inclusion in this study. The @entity1 were divided as follows: Group 1 included @entity1 with a negative colonoscopy within the previous 5 years; Group 2 included @entity1 without a previous colonoscopy or with a previous colonoscopy more than 5 years prior. Group 1 @entity1 were evaluated by colonoscopy for @entity417 , @entity4436 , signs of @entity3885 , and @entity548 . Age, @entity5 location, operation performed, and pathology findings were recorded. The   (2) test and paired t test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 233 @entity1 were included in this study. Group 1 contained 43 @entity1 with a mean age of 73 years (range = 35-94, median = 75). Group 2 had 190 @entity1 with a mean age of 68 years (range = 19-91, median = 70). Group 1 consisted of 18 male and 25 female @entity1 , and Group 2 included 94 male and 96 female @entity1 . Both groups were further classified into the following age categories: <50 years, 50-80 years, and >80 years. Eighteen percent of the total study population had newly discovered @entity14 within a 5-year colonoscopy screening period. There were no significant differences in the distribution of the T and N stages between the two groups and no statistically significant differences when the rate of lymphovascular invasion (19 vs. 17 %; p = 0.39) and perineural invasion (7 vs. 11 %; p = 0.58) were compared. CONCLUSIONS: Within 5 years, 18 % of our study population developed @entity14 . Most of these @entity5 were found within the 50-80-year age group and located predominantly in the right colon and distally in the sigmoid and rectum. @entity5 may be visualized by flexible sigmoidoscopy, those located more proximally may be missed, necessitating the need for a full colonoscopy. Although staging was similar between the two groups, Group 1 @entity5 were less aggressive despite having appeared within 5 years. As a result of our incidence of @entity14 within a 5-year interval, a shorter period for routine colonoscopy may be considered.

title: XXXX following negative colonoscopy: is 5-year screening the correct interval to recommend?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['While distal cancers', 'tumor', 'tumors', 'cancers', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstruction']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal malignancies', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['decade-long progression']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The decreased ability to carry out vertical saccades is a key symptom of @entity7463 ( @entity7463 ). Objective measurement devices can help to reliably detect @entity1319 to improve sensitivity and specificity of the clinical diagnosis. The present study aims at transferring findings from restricted stationary video-oculography (VOG) to a wearable head-mounted device, which can be readily applied in clinical practice. METHODS: We investigated the @entity1319 in 10 possible or probable @entity7463 @entity1 , 11 @entity191 ( @entity191 ) @entity1 , and 10 age-matched healthy controls (HCs) using a mobile, gaze-driven video camera setup (EyeSeeCam). Ocular movements were analyzed during a standardized fixation protocol and in an unrestricted real-life scenario while walking along a corridor. RESULTS: The EyeSeeCam detected prominent impairment of both saccade velocity and amplitude in @entity7463 @entity1 , differentiating them from @entity191 and HCs. Differences were particularly evident for saccades in the vertical plane, and stronger for saccades than for other @entity1319 . Differences were more pronounced during the standardized protocol than in the real-life scenario. CONCLUSIONS: Combined analysis of saccade velocity and saccade amplitude during the fixation protocol with the EyeSeeCam provides a simple, rapid (<20 s), and reliable tool to differentiate clinically established @entity7463 @entity1 from @entity191 and HCs. As such, our findings prepare the ground for using wearable eye-tracking in @entity1 with uncertain diagnoses.

title: Validation of mobile eye-tracking as novel and efficient means for differentiating @entity7463 from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7463 :: ('MESH:D013494', 'Disease') :: ['PSP', 'Progressive Supranuclear Palsy']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['subtle eye movement disturbances', 'eye movements']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: The role of new cytotoxic agents like @entity136 has not yet been proven in the neoadjuvant settings. We designed a phase II study to test the feasibility of using @entity136 and @entity900 before local treatment for @entity5 @entity1 . @entity1 received three cycles of induction chemotherapy of @entity136 (1000 mg m(-2), days 1, 8, 15) and @entity900 (90 mg m(-2), day 15) every 4 weeks before evaluation for operability. Operable @entity1 underwent radical resection. Inoperable @entity1 and @entity1 who had incomplete resection received concurrent chemoradiotherapy with daily low dose @entity900 . All @entity1 who did not progress after local treatment received three more cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy of @entity136 and @entity900 . Fifty-two @entity1 received induction treatment. Two @entity1 had complete response and 31 @entity1 had partial response (response rate 63.5%) after induction chemotherapy. Thirty-six @entity1 (69%) were operable. Eighteen @entity1 (35%) had their @entity5 completely resected. Two @entity1 had pathological complete response. Median overall survival was 19.1 months, projected 1-year survival was 66% and 2-year survival was 34%. Three cycles of @entity136 and @entity900 is effective and can be used as induction treatment before surgery for locally advanced @entity1149 @entity1 .

title: XXXX and @entity900 in a multimodality treatment for locally advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III non-small cell lung cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['Gemcitabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Despite the commonplace nature of heartburn and @entity354 , little is known of their impact on @entity1 ' quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess quality of life in @entity354 @entity1 before and after medical therapy and compare the results with a sample of the general population. METHODS: Consecutive attenders with frequent heartburn and @entity816 on endoscopy were recruited from one of two centres and treated with @entity4546 20 mg BD for 8-14 weeks. A symptomatic questionnaire, including the Short Form-36 (SF-36) quality of life questionnaire, was completed before and at the end of treatment. Actual quality of life scores were compared with 'expected' scores derived from a sample (n = 3015) of the Northern Ireland population. RESULTS: Seventy two (83%) of the 87 @entity1 recruited were healed after 14 weeks therapy and 77 completed the SF-36 before and after therapy. Three quality of life parameters ( @entity158 , vitality and social function) were significantly lower before treatment than the 'expected' scores. Seven of the quality of life parameters measured by the SF-36 showed a significant improvement after treatment and the eighth (mental health) just failed to achieve a significant improvement (P = 0.06). Comparison of the improvements in SF-36 scores for those who were healed with scores for those who were not healed showed no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity816 and frequent heartburn have lower quality of life scores for some parameters than would be expected in the general population. Treatment of the @entity354 with @entity4546 20 mg BD causes a significant improvement not just in reflux symptoms but in several physical and mental aspects of quality of life regardless of whether or not the @entity354 is healed.

title: The effect of treating @entity354 with XXXX on quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['grade II-III oesophagitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bodily pain']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['reflux oesophagitis', 'oesophagitis']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity4546 :: (MESH:D009853,Chemical) :: ['omeprazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current guidelines for the treatment of @entity320 favour conservatism; however there is still uncertainty regarding best practice for lesions of intermediate thickness. Local recurrence, a measure of treatment adequacy, can be used to determine optimum excision margins and give prognostic information for survival. METHODS: An analysis of the Auckland Melanoma Unit database was performed. @entity1 with local recurrence were identified and stratified by lesion thickness. Optimum excision margins were derived by regression analysis and evaluated against the database population. Survival and prognostic factors were studied. RESULTS: Eighty-four of 1155 @entity1 (7 per cent) developed local recurrence. Median follow-up was 51 months. Margins predicted to give a local recurrence of zero were: 1 cm for lesions < or = 1 mm thick; 1.5 cm for lesions 1-2 mm thick; and 2 cm for lesions > 2 mm thick. Applied to 1155 @entity1 , there were significant differences in both local recurrence and mortality rates between optimally and suboptimally excised lesions, except for those > 4 mm thick. Thirty-three @entity1 (39 per cent) with local recurrence died. Thickness, local recurrence and @entity1066 were of prognostic significance. CONCLUSION: Development of local recurrence in @entity320 < or = 4 mm thick is due to inadequate treatment. It signifies progressive disease and a poor prognosis. Care must be taken to ensure that all such lesions are optimally excised.

title: Analysis of local recurrence and optimizing excision margins for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['cutaneous melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal management of brain metastases from @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is not well defined because of the rarity of the condition and the scarcity of published reports. Here we report our experience with stereotactic radiosurgery for the management of brain metastases from @entity5 . METHODS: Thirteen consecutive @entity1 with brain metastases from @entity5 were managed with a Leksell gamma-knife at our institution between January 2003 and December 2010. Clinical features and radiosurgical outcomes of @entity1 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Gamma-knife radiosurgery (GKRS) was chosen as the only treatment in four @entity1 and performed in combination with whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in nine @entity1 . GKRS was conducted simultaneously with WBRT within a 1-month interval in six @entity1 and was chosen as the salvage treatment after WBRT in three @entity1 . The mean number of metastatic @entity75 per @entity1 was 5.7 (range, 1-16). The median cumulative @entity5 volume was 23.7 cm(3) (range, 2.7-40.2 cm(3)), and the median marginal dose covering the @entity5 was 14 Gy of a 50 % isodose line (range, 8-25 Gy). Nine @entity1 showed relief of main @entity16 after GKRS. The median length of time that the @entity1 spent in an improved neurologic state was 11.1 weeks (range, 2-39.6 weeks). The local and distant control rates were 66.7 % and 77.8 %, respectively. The median survival from the date of GKRS until death was 4.6 months (range, 1.0-15.9 months). The 6-month and 12-month survival rates after GKRS were 38 and 15 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: GKRS could be an efficient palliative measure to relieve @entity16 caused by brain metastasis from @entity5 .

title: Radiosurgery to palliate symptoms in brain metastases from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'uterine cervix cancer', 'UCC', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['uterine cervix cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigates the effects of local anesthetics application on @entity158 and @entity548 caused by nasal pack removal. METHODS: The study included 140 @entity1 . Of these, 72 were @entity1 and 68 were @entity1 . The mean age and weight of the @entity1 were 33.67    10.2 years (range, 21-63 years) and 69.6    13.6 kg. The @entity1 were divided randomly into four groups. Three of the four groups received one of the local anesthetics studied in our trial ( @entity3303 + @entity1425 , 0.25% @entity1341 , or 2% @entity5403 ) before removal of the nasal packing material and the control group received saline solution. Local anesthetics and 0.9% saline solution were applied to Merocel nasal packs 15 minutes before removal. Each @entity1 was given a questionnaire where verbal analog score and amount of @entity86 was noted. RESULTS: The mean @entity158 score was 3.5    1.2 (median, 4; range, 3-5) in the @entity3303 group, 4.5    1.2 (median, 4; range 3-5) in the @entity5403 group, 4.7    1.3 (median, 6; range, 3-5) in the @entity1341 group, and 6.35    1.2 (median, 6; range, 5-7) in the saline group during nasal packing removal. The @entity3303 group had significantly better @entity158 scores versus other groups (p < 0.05). @entity1341 and @entity5403 had significantly better @entity158 scores versus the control group, respectively. Analysis of @entity548 scores after pack removal showed that all three study groups had significantly better @entity548 scores versus the control saline group (p < 0.05). The @entity3303 group had significantly less @entity548 score than @entity1341 and @entity5403 groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Topical @entity3303 application before removal of nasal packs in @entity1 who undergo nasal septal surgery can decrease discomfort and @entity548 and improve @entity1 tolerance.

title: Comparison of ropivacaine, @entity1341 , @entity5403 , and XXXX in the management of @entity158 and @entity548 during nasal pack removal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5403 :: ('MESH:D011318', 'Chemical') :: ['prilocaine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine', 'Bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hemorrhage']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: The lipid composition of the sarcolemma influences its function. The purpose of this study is to investigate the electrophysiological alterations induced in the @entity35 's heart by dietary manipulation of cardiac @entity844 composition. Strength-duration and strength-interval relationships were used to study excitability and refractoriness respectively. @entity2224 threshold measured by short bursts of rapid stimulation was used to indicate ventricular vulnerability. Gas liquid chromatography was used to analyse cardiac @entity844 -composition. We used two-week-old @entity35 fed with fat-free diet and 5% and 10% soya bean oil-supplemented diets for 6-9 weeks. Fat-free diet only was associated with increased @entity20292 content, a marker of essential @entity844 deficiency. A decrease in poly-unsaturated to saturated (P:S) @entity844 ratio was also observed. Five percent oil supplementation was associated with a delay and attenuation of this effect. Fat-free diet was associated with increased excitability, decreased refractoriness and @entity2224 threshold. Ten percent oil supplementation prevented these effects while 5% oil supplementation had only a temporary protective effect. We conclude that manipulation of dietary fat content can affect cardiac @entity844 composition and electrophysiology.

title: Fat-free diet and myocardial excitability, refractoriness and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty-acid']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['reduced ventricular fibrillation', 'Ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity20292 :: ('CHEBI:53460', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosatrienoic acid']

answer: @entity2224 :: (MESH:D014693,Disease) :: ['ventricular fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of lymph node @entity3 of @entity957 of @entity1514 esophagus and its influence on @entity1 ' prognosis and find reasonable dissecting approaches of lymph nodes. METHODS: To analyse retrospectively the clinical materials of 243 @entity1 who had undergone resection of @entity957 of @entity1514 esophagus. RESULTS: Lymph node @entity3 was found in 110 of the 243 treated @entity1 (45.3%). In 3,813 lymph nodes dissected, @entity3 existed in 400 (10.5%). The @entity5 cells disseminated upward and downward to lymph nodes along the esophagus. @entity5 differentiation and the depth of @entity5 invasion were factors influencing lymph node @entity3 , but the length of @entity5 was not. The 5-year survival rate of the @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 was 16.4%, being much lower than that of @entity1 with no lymph node @entity3 (51.9%). The numbers of lymph node @entity3 had little influence on @entity1 ' prognosis. CONCLUSION: Because of the different upward and downward spreading of @entity418 cells to the lymph nodes, different lymph node dissecting approaches should be taken. The @entity1514 , and abdominal regional (two fields) lymph nodes dissection could be appropriate to @entity418 of the lower @entity1514 segment, and the cervical, @entity1514 and abdominal (three fields) lymph node dissection should be done for @entity1 with earlier @entity418 of upper or middle @entity1514 segments.

title: [Characteristics of lymph node XXXX of @entity957 of @entity1514 esophagus and its clinical significance].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The anesthetic, neurosurgical, and obstetric literature regarding management of parturients with @entity7026 is relatively sparse. A case report is given of a parturient, with a recent subtotal resection of a @entity7026 , who presented for delivery of a viable male fetus. METHODS: The @entity1 was scheduled for an elective labor induction, with early epidural analgesia advocated as a strategy to minimize the cardiovascular changes of labor and prevent involuntary Valsalva maneuvers. An elective instrumental delivery was planned when the fetal head had descended appropriately. RESULTS: Epidural analgesia was initiated when the @entity1 reached 3 cm cervical dilation and provided excellent labor analgesia. After a passive fetal descent during the second stage of labor, Luikart-Simpson forceps were used to facilitate this stage. The newborn Apgar score was 9 at both 1 and 5 minutes after delivery. Both the @entity1 and the @entity1 have done well. CONCLUSIONS: The available obstetric and neurosurgical literature does not offer firm recommendations for the optimal route of fetal delivery or the timing of neurosurgical resection of an @entity2758 in the parturient. Anesthetic management is predicated on the principles of minimizing the cardiovascular changes of labor and preventing involuntary Valsalva maneuvers during the second stage of labor. Both of these goals are readily accomplished with epidural anesthesia.

title: Anesthetic management of a parturient with an incompletely resected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity7026 :: ('MESH:D002538', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral arteriovenous malformation', 'intracranial arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation']

answer: @entity7026 :: (MESH:D002538,Disease) :: ['cerebral arteriovenous malformation']


abstract: Although the floral industry deals with many potential allergens, few examples of @entity7446 exist in this industry. A 22-year-old florist experienced symptoms of @entity2490 , @entity2024 , and @entity565 on exposure to baby's breath. To determine the contribution of baby's breath to the @entity1 's symptoms, an extract of baby's breath was prepared. Prick skin tests with a 1:10(-5) wt/vol concentration of the extract produced an immediate response, whereas nonexposed atopic and normal control subjects did not react. The @entity1 's asthmatic response to baby's breath was confirmed by bronchial challenge that caused an immediate fall in FEV1 of 26.2% from baseline after inhalation of 88 breath units of the extract. With a direct RAST, the patient's serum bound 38 times the amount of IgE bound by the negative control. IgE binding in the RAST was inhibited by the baby's breath extract but not by unrelated inhibitors (ragweed and tree pollens). Immunoblotting demonstrated IgE binding to 13 protein bands in the extract with molecular weights ranging from 11.5 to 68 kd. Serum from a @entity1 previously reported to have sensitivity to baby's breath recognized five protein bands. Three proteins with molecular weights of 27, 31, and 37 kd were recognized by both @entity1 ' sera. We conclude that this @entity1 developed IgE-mediated sensitivity to multiple allergens in baby's breath. This study confirms the importance of this plant as a potential cause of @entity7446 in the floral industry.

title: Allergens involved in XXXX caused by baby's breath (Gypsophila paniculata).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity7446 :: ('MESH:D059366', 'Disease') :: ['occupational asthma']

answer: @entity7446 :: (MESH:D059366,Disease) :: ['occupational asthma']


abstract: @entity370 is a disease with multisystem organ involvement, and initial presentation as @entity221 of unknown origin (FUO) is relatively common. We describe herein three @entity1 (aged 9, 7, and 11 years) with @entity370 who were seen initially with FUO. Common clinical and laboratory features include @entity221 of > 2 weeks' duration, @entity158 , @entity417 , increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, elevated immunoglobulin G level, negative antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factor, and negative purified protein derivative and Candida skin tests. Two @entity1 had @entity5502 , one had @entity3018 , and two had angiotensin-converting enzyme serum levels. All three had no evidence of @entity358 on chest radiographs. Bone marrow biopsies for all three were normal, and with no evidence of @entity5 . Plain radiographs of the lower extremities and bone scan were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lower extremities revealed intact bone architecture and multifocal nodular lesions within the marrow. Bone biopsy from the tibia performed on two @entity1 showed normal bone trabeculae and a solitary noncaseating epithelioid cell @entity738 . Noncaseating @entity738 was found on reevaluation of the bone marrow biopsy in the third @entity1 . All three @entity1 had negative marrow stains and cultures for fungi and mycobacteria. We conclude that MRI was very useful in the diagnosis of @entity370 in @entity1 with FUO.

title: Role of MRI in diagnosis of @entity370 with XXXX of unknown origin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3018 :: ('MESH:D009377', 'Disease') :: ['hilar adenopathy']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5502 :: ('MESH:D015863', 'Disease') :: ['iridocyclitis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss, fatigue, leg pain']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Childhood sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['fever']


abstract: @entity2718 produces a potent enterotoxin and a cytotoxin, toxin A and toxin B, respectively. These toxins are associated with @entity8307 and antibiotic-associated @entity294 . In the present study, we investigated the oedematogenic activity of both toxins, characterizing the time-course and dose-response of this pro-inflammatory event. We also explored the effects of two inhibitors of @entity5 @entity39 factor (TNF) production, @entity2816 and @entity1502 , in neutrophil recruitment and the oedematogenic activity of these toxins. Subplantar injection of toxin A induced paw @entity4 with a maximal response at 1 microg, reaching a maximal value 9 hr after toxin A challenge (toxin A 1 microg:1.39+/-0.09 ml). Toxin B also showed a dose-dependent oedematogenic activity with a late peak at 24 hr and a maximal response at a dose of 0.1 microg (toxin B 0.1 microg:1.74+/-0.12 ml). @entity1502 , but not @entity2816 , significantly reduced the @entity4 induced by Toxin A ( @entity1502 135 mg/kg:60% of inhibition) and Toxin B ( @entity1502 135 mg/kg:33.6% of inhibition). Both @entity2816 and @entity1502 were able to significantly reduce neutrophil influx into the peritoneal cavities of @entity35 evoked with Toxin A ( @entity2816 45 mg/kg: 53.1% of inhibition; @entity1502 45 mg/kg:47.1% of inhibition) and Toxin B ( @entity2816 45 mg/kg:46.8% of inhibition; @entity1502 45 mg/kg:63.1% of inhibition). This study demonstrates the oedematogenic activities of both toxins with distinct potencies and time-courses. These data also show an inhibitory effect of @entity1502 in toxin A and B-induced paw @entity4 . Furthermore, both @entity1502 and @entity2816 significantly inhibited the @entity2718 toxins-induced @entity9979 .

title: The effect of XXXX @entity39 factor (TNF) inhibitors in @entity2718 toxin-induced paw @entity4 and @entity9979 .

entities_list: @entity9979 :: ('MESH:C563515', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophil migration']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity8307 :: ('MESH:D004761', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomembranous colitis']

entities_list: @entity1502 :: ('MESH:D010431', 'Chemical') :: ['Pentoxifylline', 'pentoxifylline']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity4263 with @entity5512 is an extremely rare lesion in adulthood. This group of @entity1 does not live long enough for @entity453 processes, because of existing @entity154 . METHODS: We report a 47-year-old @entity1 with isolated @entity4263 , @entity5512 , and @entity453 . The @entity1 underwent coronary artery revascularization with cardiopulmonary bypass. The free left internal mammary artery (LIMA) was grafted to the tiny left anterior descending artery (LAD), and the reversed saphenous vein Y graft was anastomosed to the posterior descending and posterolateral branches of the morphologic right coronary artery. RESULTS: The @entity1 recovered uneventfully. He is alive and well 24 months after the surgery. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, the present case is the first @entity4263 with @entity5512 treated with grafted coronary artery bypass. Early and full revascularization is very important for the systemic right ventricle exposed to a systemic workload. The vessel pathologies and technical details of this unusual case are discussed in this paper.

title: Coronary arterial revascularization in an adult with @entity4263 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['comorbid anomalies']

entities_list: @entity5512 :: ('MESH:D003914', 'Disease') :: ['dextrocardia']

entities_list: @entity4263 :: ('MESH:C535426', 'Disease') :: ['congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries', 'Congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['athersclerotic coronary artery disease', 'atherosclerotic coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity5512 :: (MESH:D003914,Disease) :: ['dextrocardia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The population of older @entity1 with @entity161 is increasing. This study describes health outcomes, utilization, and costs over 10 years in a sample of older @entity1 with @entity161 compared with older @entity1 without @entity161 . METHODS: An observational cohort study of 31,588 older adults (mean age: 70.44 years) receiving care from an urban public health system, including a community mental health center, during 1999-2008. Of these, 1,635 (5.2%) were diagnosed with @entity161 and 757 (2.4%) had this diagnosis confirmed in the community mental health center. @entity1 ' electronic medical records were merged with Medicare claims, Medicaid claims, the Minimum Dataset, and the Outcome and Assessment Information Set. Information on medication use was not available. MEASUREMENTS: Rates of comorbid conditions, healthcare utilization, costs, and mortality. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity161 had significantly higher rates of @entity712 (45.05% versus 38.84%), @entity1030 (52.71% versus 41.41%), and @entity1375 (36.72% versus 26.73%) than the @entity1 without @entity161 (p <0.001). They had significantly lower rates of @entity5 (30.78% versus 43.18%) and significantly higher rates of @entity303 (64.46% versus 32.13%). The @entity1 with @entity161 had significantly higher mortality risk (hazard ratio: 1.25, 95% confidence interval: 1.07-1.47) than the @entity1 without @entity161 . They also had significantly higher rates of healthcare utilization. The mean costs for Medicare and Medicaid were significantly higher for the @entity1 with @entity161 than for the @entity1 without @entity161 . CONCLUSIONS: The management of older adult @entity1 with @entity161 is creating a serious burden for our healthcare system, requiring the development of integrated models of healthcare.

title: Health outcomes and cost of care among older adults with XXXX : a 10-year study using medical records across the continuum of care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Platelets are damaged by shear force during centrifugal pumping; however, the mechanism of this damage has not been fully investigated. A new laser-light scattering (LS) assay method enables quantification of real-time changes in the number of platelet aggregates of different sizes. Using this method, we assessed the kinetics of @entity16 caused by the centrifugal pump from the standpoint of @entity1423 capacity. Conventional optical density (OD) and LS methods were used to measure @entity1423 with a Kowa AG-10 aggregometer. Platelet aggregation in fresh @entity1 blood was evaluated in a mock circuit for 3 h under a flow rate of 5.0 L/min and a pressure head of 100 mm Hg. Test samples were obtained before pumping for control, and at 1, 2, and 3 h after the start of pumping. The test series was begun 8 times. Aggregation after stimulation by 2.0 microg/ml collagen was determined; small (9 to 25 microm), medium (25 to 50 microm), and large (50 to 70 microm) aggregates were counted by the LS method. OD measurement at hourly intervals showed significant @entity1423 . The LS method showed that generation of small and medium aggregates was not suppressed during pumping, but that generation of large aggregates was significantly reduced at 2 and 3 h of pumping. Platelet aggregation is significantly suppressed during centrifugal pumping, and the resulting @entity1423 is due mainly to inhibited development of small aggregates into larger aggregates.

title: XXXX caused by the centrifugal pump: laser-light scattering analysis of aggregation patterns.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['platelet damage']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in platelet aggregation', 'platelet aggregation', 'platelet dysfunction']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Platelet damage']


abstract: @entity674 of the vermiform appendix are rare. To date, only 11 cases have been reported in the English literature. Here, we present a new case of @entity674 associated with complete situs inversus. A 48-year-old @entity1 was operated on due to @entity698 -like symptoms. Laparotomy revealed @entity5 in the lower abdomen associated with extensive @entity298 . Histology showed a spindle cell @entity674 with prominent @entity1463 and @entity730 without low mitotic activity. The @entity5 cells expressed strongly @entity2467 and @entity2280 . The mutation analysis revealed a heterozygous deletion/insertion involving exon 11 of KIT (p @entity53160 ). Because the @entity5 was ruptured intraoperatively, a high risk was assigned according to the revised National Institute of Health criteria and adjuvant therapy with @entity2213 was recommended. The @entity1 is currently alive without evidence of progression 27 months after surgery.

title: A novel complex KIT mutation in a XXXX of the vermiform appendix.

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'a ruptured conglomerate tumor']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor', 'appendiceal gastrointestinal stromal tumor', 'Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity53160 :: ('|DEL|559|V,NN', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K558_V559delNNins']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib mesylate']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal adhesions']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor']


abstract: In @entity291 , blood @entity880 was measured in various conditions such as parturition and @entity1266 . To our knowledge, to date, no handheld device has been validated for the use in @entity291 and only one handheld device was validated for the use in @entity291 . When determining plasma @entity880 concentrations blood samples have to be processed carefully. @entity3163 was recommended to inhibit glycolysis and to stabilize plasma @entity880 concentrations during transport. However, its effect on measurements conducted with electrochemical meters has not been studied. The objectives of 3 experiments were to study factors influencing measures of @entity5097 in dairy @entity291 (e.g., different anticoagulants, different methods) and to validate a handheld device ( @entity880 Scout, SensLab GmbH, Leipzig, Germany) to determine @entity5097 concentration in dairy @entity291 and @entity291 . In a first approach, blood samples from 49 @entity291 were analyzed by 2 different laboratories. Measures of @entity5097 concentration were correlated between the different laboratories in both @entity1091 heparin plasma (r=0.98) and @entity3163 plasma (r=0.99). In a second approach, these samples were analyzed using 3 methods [ @entity880 Scout, Biosen C_line (EKF Diagnostics GmbH, Barleben, Germany), and commercial laboratory]. Concentrations of @entity5097 measured in @entity1091 heparin did not differ when analyzed with the @entity880 Scout (0.99  0.35 mmol/L), the Biosen C_line (0.81  0.26 mmol/L), or the laboratory (1.0  0.36 mmol/L). Concentrations of @entity5097 measured in @entity3163 , however, were higher when analyzed with the @entity880 Scout (1.85  0.66 mmol/L) compared with those measured with the Biosen C_line (0.92  0.37 mmol/L) and by the commercial laboratory (0.72  0.45 mmol/L). In the second and third experiments, blood samples from 173 @entity291 and 106 @entity291 were analyzed using the 3 methods ( @entity880 Scout, Biosen C_line, and commercial laboratory). @entity5097 concentrations measured with the 3 methods were correlated ( @entity291 : @entity880 Scout vs. Biosen C_line: r=0.97, @entity880 Scout vs. laboratory 1: r=0.98, Biosen C_line vs. laboratory 1: r=0.99; @entity291 : @entity880 Scout vs. Biosen C_line: r=0.97, @entity880 Scout vs. laboratory 1: r=0.98, Biosen C_line vs. laboratory 1: r=0.99). In conclusion, @entity880 Scout and Biosen C_line measure blood @entity5097 concentrations reliably compared with a commercial laboratory as the reference method in dairy @entity291 and @entity291 . However, attention needs to be paid to the choice of anticoagulant used in sample collection.

title: Validation of handheld meters to measure blood @entity5097 concentration in dairy XXXX and @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity3163 :: ('MESH:D012969', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium fluoride', 'sodium fluoride']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate', 'lactate']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['cows', 'cattle', 'calves']

entities_list: @entity5097 :: ('CHEBI:16651', 'Chemical') :: ['L-Lactate', 'L-lactate']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: Thirty-six lesions in six @entity1 who died from cerebral @entity281 after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) were studied with regard to signal intensity, contrast enhancement, size, and location. The diagnosis was confirmed in all cases by autopsy. Retrospective correlation of histopathological and radiological findings was possible for 14 lesions. Most of the lesions (22/36) had isointense to low signal intensity on T2-weighted images (T2WI). Histopathologically, @entity548 was determined in three of them. Areas of high signal intensity on T1-weighted images (T1WI) were related to gross @entity548 . Two @entity1188 showed intravascular accumulation of @entity364 with secondary @entity715 of the vessel. The remaining 12 lesions had high signal intensity on T2WI and low on T1WI. Histopathologically, four were @entity166 and four were unspecific @entity17 . In conclusion, @entity1779 typically presented with large lesions showing isointense to low signal intensity on T2WI that could have areas of high signal on T1WI. Contrast enhancement was only visible in 15 lesions, and the predominant locations were the subcortical white matter, the cerebellum, and the basal ganglia. Small lesions with high signal on T2WI and low signal on T1WI could not necessarily be related to @entity281 .

title: XXXX : comparison of radiological and neuropathologic findings in @entity1 with bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelinated lesions']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'hemorrhagic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Aspergillus infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal hyphae']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aspergillosis']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['Cerebral aspergillosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Open aortobifemoral bypass grafting has been the procedure of choice for many years in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity432 ( @entity432 ). @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) for @entity432 could have advantages like faster recovery, faster oral intake and shorter hospital stay compared to the conventional technique. We documented the results of @entity1 who underwent @entity1104 for @entity432 in our hospitals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: from January 1999 to December 2002, 33 consecutive @entity1 underwent @entity1104 for @entity432 . Peri- and postoperative results were prospectively registered. Three different laparoscopic approaches were applied: transperitoneal, retroperitoneal and apron approach. RESULTS: There were 23 males and 10 females, with a mean age of 59 years (range 39-85). The surgical technique applied was: transperitoneal: 22 @entity1 , retroperitoneal: 7 @entity1 , apron: 4 @entity1 . Per-operative results (median) of the transperitoneal, retroperitoneal and apron approach are: operating time 240, 420 and 263 minutes, cross clamp time 32.5, 40 and 33.5 minutes, @entity190 1150, 2100 and 950 ml, respectively. Postoperatively oral intake was fully resumed in 3, 4.5 and 2 days after performing the transperitoneal, retroperitoneal and apron technique. During the ICU stay @entity1 received artificial respiration for 0, 1 and 0 days, admission to the ICU was 0.5, 1 and 0.75 days for the transperitoneal, retroperitoneal and apron approach. Finally, hospital stay was 8, 12.5 and 7 days after the transperitoneal, retroperitoneal and apron approach. Four @entity1 (12%) had a minor complication, 4 @entity1 (12%) had a major complication; @entity55 with @entity649 , @entity295 , bypass occlusion and chylo-abdomen. No @entity1 died. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1104 for @entity432 is a technically demanding operation with a long learning curve. All three approaches are feasible. In this series of @entity1 , we feel the transperitoneal and apron approach have the most advantages because of the larger working space. Finally, randomized trials will determine if laparoscopic assisted or total laparoscopic aortoiliac surgery has the potential to reduce morbidity for the @entity1 compared to the conventional technique.

title: XXXX of @entity432 : initial results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['AIOD', 'aortoiliac occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['HALS', 'Hand assisted laparoscopic surgery']

answer: @entity1104 :: (MESH:D000267,Disease) :: ['Hand assisted laparoscopic surgery']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To detect the level of @entity2533 , @entity688 and @entity4155 in the @entity2023 ( @entity1984 ) @entity1 pre- and @entity6542 ( @entity6542 ). METHOD: The level of @entity2533 , @entity688 and @entity4155 in serum of 48 @entity1984 @entity1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before @entity6542 . and the nasal symptom score (NSS) was evaluated in the first and second year after @entity6542 . At the same time. 35 healthy @entity1 were made as normal. RESULT: (1) The level of @entity2533 and @entity688 in serum of @entity1984 @entity1 were lower than that of normal group (P < 0.05). The level of @entity2533 and @entity688 in @entity1984 @entity1 taken @entity6542 for two years was lower than that of @entity1 with one year @entity6542 (P < 0.05), but it was higher than that of @entity1 pre-immunotherapy (P < 0.05). However, The level of @entity2533 and @entity688 in the group that taken @entity6542 for two years was still lower than that of normal group (P < 0.05). (2) The level of @entity4155 in serum of @entity1984 @entity1 pre- immunotherapy was higher than that of normal group (P < 0.05). The level of @entity4155 continuously declined after taking @entity6542 , However it was higher than that of normal group two years later (P < 0.05). (3) In @entity1984 @entity1 pre-immunotherapy and post- immunotherapy for 2 years, the level of @entity688 and @entity2533 showed negative correlation with NSS respectively, the level of @entity4155 was positive related to NSS respectively (P < 0.05). But the level of @entity688 , @entity2533 and @entity4155 showed no correlation with NSS respectively (P > 0.05) when @entity6542 was taken for one year. CONCLUSION: @entity688 and @entity2533 were fluctuated in @entity1984 @entity1 taking @entity6542 , which raised first and then dropped. but the level of @entity688 and @entity2533 was higher than that of pre- immunotherapy. However, the level of @entity4155 continuously declined in the whole process. It showed that the level change of @entity688 , @entity2533 and @entity4155 correlate with @entity1 ' symptom only two years after @entity6542 ,so the level change of @entity688 , @entity2533 and @entity4155 can be used as an index for evaluating the treatment effectiveness of @entity6542 at that time.

title: [Role of @entity2533 , @entity688 and XXXX in @entity2023 @entity1 with specific immunotherapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity6542 :: ('MESH:C562465', 'Disease') :: ['SIT', 'post-specific immunotherapy']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

answer: @entity4155 :: (3605,Gene) :: ['IL-17']


abstract: PURPOSE: The immunogenic characterization of amniotic membrane is still unknown. This study was designed to examine the immunogenicity of @entity1 amniotic membrane, by using experimental xenotransplantation models. METHODS: Anti-human class I, class II, and @entity12 monoclonal antibodies were used against cryopreserved amniotic membrane and cell viability tested for cryopreserved amniotic membrane. Amniotic membranes were then transplanted to the limbal area, intracorneal space, and under the kidney capsule. The scores of transparency and neovascularization after transplantation were recorded by slit lamp microscopy. Host cell infiltration was examined by @entity1710 - @entity1711 or immunohistochemical staining. Control grafts were transplanted @entity1 cryopreserved skin grafts. RESULTS: Strong class I expression was observed in amniotic epithelium, mesenchymal cells, and fibroblasts in cryopreserved amniotic membrane. Some fibroblast cells unexpectedly expressed class II antigen. @entity12 -positive cells were also detected in mesenchymal cells of @entity2907 . Approximately 50% of epithelial cells of amniotic membrane cryopreserved for several months were still viable. In limbal transplantation, although some @entity404 (+) and @entity405 (+) T cells surrounded the amniotic graft, the response was mild. In intracorneal transplantation, all grafted amniotic membranes were accepted and clear, without host cell infiltration. In contrast, all skin grafts were rejected within 3 weeks after intracorneal transplantation. In amniotic membrane transplantation under the kidney capsule, extremely few host vessels and cells infiltrated the amniotic membrane; however, more host cells infiltrated the skin tissues under the kidney capsule. CONCLUSIONS: Amniotic membrane seems to be immune-privileged tissue and to contain some immunoregulatory factors, including @entity6393 and @entity12 . The amniotic membrane may be useful to supplement corneal collagen, and it may be applied not only to the ocular surface but also intracorneally.

title: Immunogenicity of XXXX amniotic membrane in experimental xenotransplantation.

entities_list: @entity2907 :: ('MESH:D000652', 'Disease') :: ['amniotic stroma']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: Regrowth of the enteric mucosa on a denuded muscular flap enterocystoplasty is an undesirable complication of demucosalized enterocystoplasty. This study was performed to understand how regrowth can be prevented and, thus, a complete urothelial lined enterocystoplasty can be achieved. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed @entity1494 on 30 @entity742 using demucosalized seromuscular gastric or colonic flaps with or without autoaugmentation. The epithelium and muscularis mucosae were completely removed from the gastric flap. Initial attempts to remove the muscularis mucosae and most of the submucosal layer from the colonic flap by cautery caused @entity548 and @entity121 . Thus, demuscosalization was done by stripping with forceps, in which the muscularis mucosae and submucosa remained largely intact on the colonic flap. @entity742 were sacrificed 4 to 12 months postoperatively and bladders were inspected for mucosal regrowth. Subsequently autoaugmentation with demucosalized seromuscular gastric or colonic flaps was performed clinically in 10 @entity1 in whom the enteric epithelium and muscularis mucosae were removed completely with part of the submucosa by dissection through the submucosal plane. These @entity1 were followed with urodynamic studies and @entity3558 staining of urine up to 39 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Regrowth of islands of enteric mucosa occurred in 4 of the 5 animals in which the muscularis mucosae and submucosal layers were preserved on a colonic flap. In all animals with mucosal regrowth the bowel was prepared by stripping the mucosa. Mucosal regrowth did not occur in any animal after complete removal of the muscularis mucosae and the inner portion of the submucosa from the stomach or colon. All @entity1 had satisfactory urodynamic results and no evidence of enteric mucosal regrowth. CONCLUSIONS: Removal of the muscularis mucosae with the inner portion of the submucosa appears necessary to prevent enteric mucosal regrowth on the muscular flap of a demucosalized enterocystoplasty. In addition, this level of dissection does not seem to interfere with the success of @entity1494 in @entity1 .

title: Enteric mucosal regrowth after XXXX using demucosalized gut segments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder augmentation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle damage']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder augmentation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13083 was reported in 0.3-3% of @entity1 undergoing cholecystectomy. The distortion of anatomy and the presence of cholecystocholedochal fistula increase the risk of @entity1157 during cholecystectomy. METHODS: A Medline search was undertaken to identify articles that were published from 1974 to 2004. Additional papers were identified by a manual search of the references from the key articles. RESULTS: A preoperative diagnosis was made in 8-62.5% of cases. Open surgical treatment gave good short-term and long-term results. There was a lack of good data in laparoscopic treatment. Conversion to open surgery rates was high, and @entity1157 rate varied from 0 to 22.2%. CONCLUSION: A high index of clinical suspicion is required to make a preoperative or intraoperative diagnosis, which leads to good surgical planning to treat the condition. Open surgery is the gold standard. @entity13083 should still be considered as a contraindication for laparoscopic surgery.

title: XXXX : history, present and future development.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct injury']

entities_list: @entity13083 :: ('MESH:D057792', 'Disease') :: ['Mirizzi syndrome']

answer: @entity13083 :: (MESH:D057792,Disease) :: ['Mirizzi syndrome']


abstract: Acute @entity2800 colony forming cells ( @entity3052 -CFU) require the addition of colony stimulating factors (CSFs) for in vitro proliferation. Recently, we isolated a @entity1 recombinant multilineage CSF ( @entity2772 ). We investigated the ability of @entity2772 to stimulate @entity3052 clonogenic cells in seven @entity1 in direct comparison with the effects of @entity1 granulocyte CSF ( @entity1261 ), @entity1 granulocyte-macrophage CSF ( @entity2841 ), and feeder leukocytes. We show that @entity2772 is an efficient stimulator of @entity3052 colony formation in four of seven cases. In these @entity1 , @entity2841 was also capable of stimulating @entity3052 colonies in vitro. In two of seven cases @entity2772 appeared to be a weak stimulus of @entity3052 -CFU proliferation. In these latter two cases, however, @entity1261 and in one case @entity2841 effectively stimulated @entity3052 -CFU growth. In one @entity1 none of the hCSFs, either alone or in combination, induced @entity3052 colony formation, whereas @entity3052 colonies consistently appeared in the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) leukocyte feeder assay. This finding suggests that PHA stimulated leukocytes produce components other than the tested hCSFs that may have a role in the proliferation of @entity3052 cells in vitro. @entity2772 , like @entity2841 , revealed a limited capacity to induce progressive maturation during @entity3052 colony growth, ie, not beyond the promyelocytic stage. On the other hand, in one case, @entity1261 stimulated the growth of @entity3052 colonies containing (meta)myelocytes and granulocytes. We conclude that @entity2772 is a regulator of @entity3052 -CFU proliferation in a significant number of cases. The patterns of responsiveness of @entity3052 precursors to the three hCSFs in different @entity1 show a striking variability, which may indicate that @entity3052 -CFU are the neoplastic representatives of normal bone marrow progenitors at different stages of maturation and with distinct CSF requirements.

title: @entity1 recombinant multilineage colony stimulating factor ( XXXX ): stimulator of acute @entity2800 progenitor cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity2772 :: (3562,Gene) :: ['interleukin-3']