abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide recent data regarding the epidemiology of community-based @entity1729 in Australia. METHODS: A longitudinal study between 1997-99 involving collection of a health diary from 600 families in Melbourne. RESULTS: More than 80% of study @entity1 reported at least one respiratory episode over 15 months. An average of 2.2 @entity1576 per @entity1 per year was reported, with a mean episode duration of 6.3 days. On average, subjects were symptomatic for 4.2% of the study days. Compared with other age groups, @entity1 aged less than two years were most likely to have at least one respiratory episode, a greater number of episodes per @entity1 and the @entity2749 (6.8 days). Approximately, one in three (28.7%) @entity1576 were associated with a doctor's visit, and one in four (23%) necessitated time off school or work. Exposure to other @entity1 with respiratory symptoms was commonly reported. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1729 are common, cause a significant amount of morbidity, and are major contributors to the total community health burden. IMPLICATIONS: The direct and indirect costs of @entity1729 to the community are substantial.

title: A community-based study of XXXX in Melbourne, Australia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory episodes']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['longest episode duration']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory infections', 'respiratory infections']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory episodes']


abstract: The reconstruction of large soft-tissue defects at the elbow is hard to achieve by conventional techniques and is complicated by the difficulty of transferring sufficient tissue with adequate elasticity and sensate skin. Surgical treatment should permit early mobilisation to avoid permanent functional impairment. Clinical experience with the distal pedicled reversed upper arm flap in 10 @entity1 suffering from large @entity154 is presented (seven male, three female; age 40-70 years). The @entity1 sample included six @entity1 with chronic @entity1066 , two with tissue defects due to excision of a @entity8532 , and one @entity1 with burn @entity1159 . In the two cases of @entity8532 , defect closure of the elbow's ulnar area was achieved by using a recurrent medial upper arm flap. In the eight other @entity1 we used a flap from the lateral upper arm with a flap rotation of 180 degrees. Average wound size ranged from 4 to 10 cm, average wound area from 30 to 80 cm(2). Flap dimensions ranged from 15 x 8 cm for the lateral upper arm flap to 29 x 8 cm for the medial upper arm flap. The inferior posterior radial and ulnar collateral arteries are the major nutrient vessels of the reversed lateral and medial upper arm flaps. Perforating vessels are identified preoperatively using colour Doppler ultrasonography. Flap failure did not occur. Secondary wound closure became necessary due to initial wound healing difficulties in one @entity1 . Mean operation time was 1.5 h and mean follow-up period 12 months. Good defect coverage with tension-free wound closure was achieved in all cases. Stable defect coverage led to long-term wound stability without any restriction of @entity717 . The lateral and medial upper arm flaps represent a safe and reliable surgical treatment option for large @entity154 . The surgical technique is comparatively simple and quick.

title: A safe and simple technique using the distal pedicled reversed upper arm flap to cover large XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['elbow defects']

entities_list: @entity8532 :: ('MESH:D051642', 'Disease') :: ['histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['elbow movement']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['elbow defects']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate renal brush border membrane enzymes in urine as an indicator for @entity8 in @entity11387 ( @entity11387 ). METHODS: Sixty nine @entity11387 @entity1 in our hospital were enrolled and divided into mild group and moderate/severe group. @entity1 were further randomly divided into therapy and control subgroups for 7 days @entity19316 administration. Urine samples were collected to detect renal brush border membrane enzymes (RBBME) by ELISA and @entity6393 ( @entity6393 ) by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The results were compared with those of 30 normal neonates. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS13.0 software. RESULTS: Both RBBME and @entity6393 were found to be higher in urine in @entity11387 @entity1 than normal controls (P < 0.01). Level of RBBME increased with the severity of @entity11387 (P <0.05), while urinary @entity6393 did not (P >0.05). After being treated with @entity19316 , a medicine for renal function recovery, both RBBME and @entity6393 were similarly significantly decreased comparing to untreated groups (P < 0.05). 79.7% of @entity11387 @entity1 showed abnormal RBBME while only 52.2% had an abnormal urinary @entity6393 (   (2)=11.65   P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: RBBME was more sensitive than @entity6393 in reflecting the @entity8 in @entity11387 . Examination of RBBME effectively reflected the recovery of @entity8 after treatment with @entity19316 .

title: Detection of renal brush border membrane enzymes for evaluation of @entity8 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injury']

entities_list: @entity19316 :: ('MESH:C017953', 'Chemical') :: ['ligustrazine']

entities_list: @entity11387 :: ('MESH:D012592', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'neonatal scleredema']

answer: @entity11387 :: (MESH:D012592,Disease) :: ['neonatal scleredema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Two-thirds of @entity1 with @entity213 ( @entity213 ) at diagnosis have @entity1442 with projected 5-year survival rates of 30%. In those @entity1 with distant metastatic or previously treated recurrent disease, response rate to the standard regimen of @entity900 and @entity1487 is approximately 30%. The authors investigated the use of @entity1311 and @entity3003 in a limited Phase II study in recurrent or metastatic @entity213 to evaluate @entity5 response, time to progression, survival, and @entity137 of this regimen. METHODS: @entity1 with recurrent or metastatic @entity213 not amenable to further surgical or radiation therapy were treated with 200 mg/m(2) by 3-hour infusion of @entity1311 followed by @entity3003 at an area under the concentration time curve of 6 mg/mL/minute via a 20-30-minute infusion every 3 weeks. RESULTS: Thirty-seven @entity1 were enrolled. Ninety-five percent of @entity1 had received prior surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. The overall response rate was 27% (95% confidence interval, 13-41%) with 1 complete and 9 PRs. Median survival of all @entity1 was 4.9 months, and 1-year survival rate was 16%. There was a 43% response rate and 15.7-month median survival rate in @entity1 with only distant metastatic disease and 38% response rate and a 4.5-month median survival in @entity1 with locoregional and metastatic disease. The response rate for @entity1 with only locoregional recurrence was 7% with a median survival of 4.8 months. Grade 3-4 myelotoxicity occurred in 24% of cycles administered. There were two treatment-related @entity204 due to @entity221 and one additional death on study may have been caused by treatment-induced @entity882 . CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity1311 and @entity3003 is significantly myelotoxic and ineffective in @entity1 with previously treated locoregionally recurrent @entity213 , whereas it deserves further evaluation in those @entity1 with distant metastatic disease alone. In those @entity1 with @entity66 , other more innovative treatments are needed.

title: Phase II evaluation of XXXX in combination with @entity3003 in advanced head and neck carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['locoregional disease']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck', 'SCCHN']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the long-term outcome of a nonoptimal result of a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for @entity583 ( @entity583 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: An optimal PCI result was defined as TIMI flow grade 3 and residual stenosis < or = 20%. Long-term clinical follow-up (51 +/-+/- 21 months) data were collected from 1,009 consecutive @entity1 with ST-elevation @entity583 who underwent primary PCI. Overall, an optimal primary PCI result was achieved in 958 @entity1 (95%). At 5-year follow-up, @entity1 with nonoptimal PCI had a higher rate of all-cause mortality (47% vs 19%; P < 0.00001 by log-rank test) than those with an optimal mechanical reperfusion. Fifty-two percent of the deaths in the nonoptimal PCI group occurred within the first month. Interestingly, after this period, estimated survival of 30-day alive @entity1 was not significantly different to that of @entity1 with an optimal PCI (P = 0.06 by log-rank test). Nonoptimal PCI result emerged as an independent predictor of 1-month mortality (OR = 3.030, 95% CI = 1.265-7.254; P = 0.013), but not of 5-year mortality. At long-term follow-up, cumulative rates of nonfatal reinfarction, hospitalization for @entity712 , and additional revascularization procedures were similar between @entity1 with nonoptimal and optimal primary PCI (4% vs 5%, P = 0.695; 4% vs 5%, P = 921; and 22% vs 20%, P = 0.816, respectively). CONCLUSION: A nonoptimal primary PCI result represents a strong predictor of early mortality. However, in @entity1 surviving the early phase, the incidence of clinical events at long-term follow-up seems to be similar to successfully reperfused @entity583 @entity1 .

title: Long-term prognostic implications of nonoptimal primary angioplasty for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: This study was aimed to determine the relation between sonographically measured prostate volume and the severity of non-obstructive Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) in @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). This was an analytic-descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective study which was carried out on a sequential sample of 60 male @entity1 since 2006 to 2008. The @entity1 were divided to three groups (prostate volume < 40 cc; 40 cc < or = prostate volume < or = 59 cc; prostate volume > or = 60 cc) based on the ultrasonographic volume of the prostate. The American Urological Association scores of frequency, urgency, @entity2183 and @entity3833 were compared between three groups. The mean age and the mean total score of non-obstructive symptoms of @entity1067 of the @entity1 were 71.18 +/- 8.74 and 13.38 +/- 2.96, respectively. According to our findings there was no statistical significant difference between three groups in the scores of frequency (p = 0.369), @entity3833 (p = 0.85) and @entity2183 (p = 0.861). A statistically significant difference between three groups was found in urgency score (p = 0.037). Only a significant correlation between urgency and the prostate volume was found (p = 0.024, r = 0.291). According to our findings in this work on relation between the non-obstructive symptoms and prostate volume in @entity1067 @entity1 we found that urgency was the only non-obstructive symptom that may be associated with prostate volume. Prospective studies are required in this regard to elucidate the symptom-related causes of LUTS in the @entity1 with @entity1067 .

title: Non-obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms versus prostate volume in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['BPH', 'Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the role of shame and its relationship to @entity308 in @entity161 . It was predicted that individuals with a diagnosis of @entity161 would exhibit higher levels of shame due to the stigma associated with their diagnosis, independently of @entity308 levels, compared with @entity146 and medical control groups. DESIGN: Cross-sectional design with three groups: individuals with a diagnosis of (1) @entity161 , (2) @entity308 , and (3) @entity309 . METHODS: Sixty individuals participated in the study (20 per group). Groups were compared on questionnaires assessing external shame, trait shame and guilt, and @entity308 . RESULTS: The pattern of group differences depended on the type of shame measure used. Both the @entity161 and @entity308 groups exhibited higher levels of external shame, or seeing others as shaming, than the medical group. For individuals with @entity161 , seeing others as shaming was associated with higher levels of @entity308 , a relationship not found in either control group. They also showed lower levels of trait guilt and shame (at trend level), compared with both control groups. No difference was found between the groups on @entity308 , suggesting that the observed differences were not attributable to differences in levels of @entity308 . CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the importance of shame in @entity161 , especially the link between seeing other @entity1 as shaming and @entity308 , which was unique to this group. These results suggest that stigma associated with a diagnosis of @entity1032 , and @entity161 in particular, has negative emotional consequences that may impede recovery, and should be addressed by psychological and social interventions. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Clinical implications Individuals with a diagnosis of @entity1032 ( @entity161 or @entity308 ) are more likely to experience others as shaming than those diagnosed with a @entity221 , irrespective of current levels of @entity308 and proneness to shame. There is a specific association between external shame and @entity308 in individuals diagnosed with @entity161 , suggesting the need for interventions levelled both at the individual's illness appraisals, and at social stigma relating to @entity161 . Limitations of the study The @entity1 numbers were low in each group. The three groups could not be matched on all variables. No additional internalized-stigma measure was used.

title: The role of shame in XXXX with a diagnosis of @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['physical illness']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: We hypothesized that combining @entity922 ( @entity922 ) with the heel stiffness index (SI) measured via @entity23398 ( @entity23398 ) would improve the detection of @entity1 both at low and high risk for @entity173 . Categorizing @entity1 by risk score improved the specificity of detection to 42.4%, versus 33.8% using @entity922 alone and 38.4% using the SI alone. This combined @entity922 -SI score could be used wherever and whenever DXA is not readily accessible. INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Several strategies have been proposed to identify @entity1 at high risk for @entity170 -related @entity174 ; we wanted to investigate whether combining @entity922 ( @entity922 ) and heel @entity23398 parameters could provide a more accurate tool to identify @entity1 at both low and high risk for @entity173 than either @entity922 or @entity23398 alone. METHODS: We pooled two Caucasian cohorts, EPIDOS and SEMOF, into a large database named "EPISEM", in which 12,064 @entity1 , 70 to 100 years old, were analyzed. Amongst all the @entity922 available in EPISEM, we used only the ones which were statistically significant in a Cox multivariate model. Then, we constructed a risk score, by combining the @entity23398 -derived heel stiffness index (SI) and the following seven @entity922 : @entity1 age, body mass index (BMI), @entity174 history, fall history, @entity6 history, chair-test results, and past @entity172 treatment. RESULTS: Using the composite SI- @entity922 score, 42% of the @entity1 who did not report a @entity173 were found to be at low risk at baseline, and 57% of those who subsequently sustained a @entity174 were at high risk. Using the SI alone, corresponding percentages were 38% and 52%; using @entity922 alone, 34% and 53%. The number of subjects in the intermediate group was reduced from 5,400 (including 112 @entity173 ) and 5,032 (including 111 @entity173 ) to 4,549 (including 100 including @entity174 ) for the @entity922 and @entity23398 alone versus the combination score. CONCLUSIONS: Combining @entity922 to heel bone ultrasound appears to correctly identify more @entity1 at low risk for @entity173 than either the stiffness index or the @entity922 alone; it improves the detection of @entity1 both at low and high risk.

title: Combining clinical factors and XXXX improves the detection of @entity1 both at low and high risk for @entity173 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity23398 :: ('OMIM:612306', 'Disease') :: ['quantitative ultrasound', 'QUS']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['CRF', 'clinical risk factors']

answer: @entity23398 :: (OMIM:612306,Disease) :: ['quantitative ultrasound']


abstract: A phase II combination chemotherapy protocol combining @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 , and @entity900 was designed to evaluate @entity5 response and survival in @entity1 with advanced/recurrent @entity1204 . Thirty @entity1 with advanced/recurrent @entity1204 were assigned to chemotherapy treatment at 4-week intervals with @entity1499 30 mg/m2 i.v. Days 1, 15, and 22; @entity5713 3 mg/m2 i.v. Days 2, 15, and 22; @entity632 30 mg/m2 i.v. Day 2; and @entity900 70 mg/m2 i.v. Day 2. After a median of four cycles (maximum number two cycles beyond complete regression; minimum six cycles for stable partial regression), we observed objective regression in 20 @entity1 (67%) (95% CI, 50, 84) with complete regression in 8 @entity1 (27%) and partial regression in 12 @entity1 (40%). Median overall survival was 9.9 months (range, 0.3-34.2), and median survival of responders was 11.0 months (range, 2.6-34.2) from initial date of response. @entity137 was substantial with two treatment-related @entity204 and consisted predominantly of @entity1398 (grade 3 or greater in 93% of the @entity1 ), @entity1665 , @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity3136 , and @entity2629 . In conclusion, MVAC is a highly active outpatient chemotherapy regimen in @entity1 with advanced/recurrent @entity1204 , achieving a high complete and partial response rate. @entity137 is substantial in this elderly @entity1 population.

title: Phase II trial of @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 , and @entity900 in advanced/recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: Survivors of @entity981 ( @entity981 ) are at risk of @entity170 and @entity28 . We studied @entity79 ( @entity1555 ), percent of fat mass (%FM), and activity levels in survivors of @entity981 treated without radiotherapy. Lumbar and total areal @entity1555 (g/cm2) and %FM were measured in 28 survivors (aged 5.7-14.7 years) of childhood @entity981 by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan (GE Lunar, Prodigy) an average of 5 years after completion of chemotherapy (UK Medical Research Council randomized trial protocol XI [UKALL XI]). One @entity1 fractured his arm during treatment. Apparent volumetric lumbar @entity1555 ( @entity1555 (vol); g/cm3) was calculated and %FM was adjusted for sex and age (%FM(adj)). Physical activity was measured by accelerometer and questionnaire. The results were compared with 28 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Total body and lumbar areal @entity1555 (g/cm2) were not different between the @entity981 group and the control group. However, mean lumbar @entity1555 (vol) in survivors of @entity981 was significantly lower than in controls (0.303 +/- 0.036 g/cm3 vs. 0.323 +/- 0.03 g/cm3; p < 0.01), which mostly was caused by the difference in @entity1 (0.287 +/- 0.032 g/cm3 vs. 0.312 +/- 0.027 g/cm3; p < 0.05). Weekly activity score by questionnaire was significantly lower in the @entity981 group than in the control group (geometric mean 50 vs. geometric mean 74; p < 0.05). Male gender, low activity levels and an intravenous (iv) high dose of @entity1499 were associated with low lumbar @entity1555 (vol). @entity1 who received an iv high dose of @entity1499 (n = 18) had significantly higher %FM(adj) than those with intrathecal @entity1499 only (n = 10; 141 +/- 70% vs. 98 +/- 37%;p < 0.05). In conclusion, male survivors of childhood @entity981 have @entity1555 (vol), whereas no such difference was seen in @entity1 . Overall, survivors of @entity981 were physically less active than their healthy controls and lower activity correlated with @entity1555 (vol) and higher %FM(adj).

title: Male sex and low physical activity are associated with reduced spine XXXX in survivors of childhood @entity981 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'boy', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['reduced lumbar BMD', 'lower lumbar BMD', 'BMD']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone mineral density']


abstract: HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 60-year-old @entity1 presented with intermittent @entity221 and @entity158 in the right upper abdomen. The @entity1 had spent the last 30 years in the Middle East and Africa. EXAMINATION: Multiple hepatic lesions with cystic parts were demonstrated sonographically. Ecchinococcosis as well as @entity8016 had been excluded. Laboratory findings showed elevated levels of inflammatory parameters, @entity880 dehydrogenase (4107 U/l), @entity957 antigen and CA -125. The liver enzymes were found to be within the normal range. DIAGNOSIS: @entity957 was detected by liver biopsy. The search for a possible primary site elsewhere in the body yielded negative results, so that the @entity5 must be regarded as primary in the liver. THERAPY: Because of the diffuse @entity5 growth surgical resection was impossible. The @entity1 underwent chemotherapy. She died 9 month after the @entity957 had been diagnosed. CONCLUSION: This case report and a medline research indicate that @entity99 sometimes must be suspected in @entity1 with @entity96 .

title: [Primary @entity957 of the liver. Surprising findings in dysontogenetic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cysts']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'A squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8016 :: ('MESH:D000562', 'Disease') :: ['amoebiasis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic neoplasms']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver cysts']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the putative association between @entity10211 treatment and @entity308 or suicidal ideation among Finnish male military conscripts. METHODS; Consecutive acne @entity1 were enrolled into an uncontrolled, prospective 12-week follow-up study conducted at the Central Military Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. Of the 135 @entity1 prescribed @entity10211 , 126 (93.3%) completed the follow-up. @entity308 and suicidal ideation were investigated with the Beck @entity308 Inventory (BDI) at baseline, weeks 4-6, and weeks 10-12. RESULTS: BDI mean score was low at baseline and declined further significantly (p < 0.001) during the follow-up from 3.0 (SD 3.948) to 1.8 (SD 3.783) among @entity1 on @entity10211 . Moreover, the proportion of @entity1 with clinically significant @entity308 (BDI > or= 10) declined non-significantly from 7.1 % to 3.2 %. Suicidal ideation was reported by 17 (13.5 %) @entity1 at baseline and 9 (7.1%) @entity1 at the end of the follow-up (NS). During the follow-up, one @entity308 @entity1 attempted suicide while intoxicated by @entity167 . CONCLUSION: On group level, @entity10211 seems not to be typically associated with @entity308 or suicidal ideation among young @entity1 . However, the possibility that individual @entity1 may be susceptible for mood effects of @entity10211 as a rare idiosyncratic reaction can not be excluded.

title: @entity308 and suicidal ideation during XXXX treatment: a 12-week follow-up study of male Finnish military conscripts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['isotretinoin']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'non-depressed', 'depressive symptoms', 'treatment-emergent depression']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity10211 :: (MESH:D015474,Chemical) :: ['isotretinoin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity65 is the number one killer of @entity1 . Identifying @entity1 at risk of @entity65 has tremendous public health importance. Early menopause is associated with increased @entity65 events in some predominantly white populations, but not consistently. Our objective was to determine if self-reported @entity7793 (menopause at an age <46 y) identifies @entity1 as at risk for future @entity301 or @entity64 . METHODS: The study population came from the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 , a longitudinal, ethnically diverse cohort study of US @entity1 and @entity1 aged 45 to 84 years enrolled in 2000-2002 and followed up until 2008. The association between a personal history of @entity7793 (either natural menopause or surgical @entity43 at an age <46 y) and future @entity301 and @entity64 was assessed in 2,509 @entity1 (ages 45-84 y; 987 white, 331 Chinese, 641 black, and 550 Hispanic) from the Multi-ethnic Study @entity731 who were free of @entity65 at baseline. RESULTS: Of 2,509 @entity1 , 693 (28%) reported either surgical or natural @entity7793 . In survival curves, @entity1 with @entity7793 had worse @entity301 and @entity64 -free survival (log rank P = 0.008 and P = 0.0158). In models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, Multi-ethnic Study @entity731 site, and traditional @entity65 risk factors, this risk for @entity301 and @entity64 remained (hazard ratio, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.17-3.70; and hazard ratio, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.11-4.32, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Early menopause is positively associated with @entity301 and @entity64 in a multiethnic cohort, independent of traditional @entity65 risk factors.

title: Early menopause predicts future @entity301 and XXXX : the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['removal of ovaries']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity7793 :: ('MESH:D008594', 'Disease') :: ['early menopause']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the excretion of @entity1954 by bile in groups of @entity35 infused with @entity413 , @entity369 or @entity413 combined with various doses of insulin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Groups of about eight male @entity35 Olac @entity35 were anesthetized by @entity4485 and thin @entity691 tubings were inserted into bile duct and femoral vein. The bile was collected into pre-weighed glass vials which were changed every hour. The first one hour interval was considered as control and during the second hour the following i.v. infusions were applied: 1. 2.4 ml 30 % @entity413 ; 2. @entity369 (80 mg/2. 4 ml saline); 3. 2.4 ml 30 % @entity413 containing 62.5, 125, 250 or 500 mU insulin. In some groups @entity1880 (2.5 mg/kg) or @entity1943 (20 microg/kg) were used. The aliquots of bile were treated with beta-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase and the concentration of total (i.e. conjugated plus unconjugated) @entity1954 was estimated by specific inhouse radioimmunoassay. The results were expressed as ng/hr and the volume of bile was estimated by weighing the previously tared collection vials. RESULTS: Significant increase of biliary @entity3938 excretion was found during the 60 min infusion of @entity413 or @entity369 . However, in fed @entity35 such increase did not continue after the termination of infusion, while in fasted @entity35 the increase was observed still for next 60 min after the infusion. The attempts to further stimulate the excretion of @entity3938 by the addition of small insulin doses (62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mU) to the infused @entity413 showed inversed effect: by such intervention the increase of @entity3938 was blunted by higher doses, while at lower doses unsignificant increase appeared. The increase of biliary @entity3938 excretion was also blunted by @entity1880 (translation inhibitor) and @entity1943 (insulin release inhibitor) both in normal fed and 24 hr fasted @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: Short-term i.v. infusion of @entity413 and @entity369 resulted in immediate and transient increase of biliary @entity3938 excretion which was inhibited by both the @entity1880 and @entity1943 . Taken together with our previous findings, this supports the view on rapid fluctuation of hepatic @entity9117 metabolism as related to preprandial (prevailing effect of gluconeogenetic hormones resulting in preferential formation of @entity3938 ) and postprandial period (predominant effect of insulin resulting in preferential formation of @entity3938 ).

title: Rapid transient increase of biliary @entity1954 excretion during short-term infusion of XXXX and @entity369 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity9117 :: ('CHEBI:24864', 'Chemical') :: ['iodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objectives of surgical repair of @entity7890 include the achievement of urinary continence, cosmetically acceptable genitalia with correction of curvature and normal genital function. To achieve all the aforementioned objectives, @entity1 usually undergo two- or multiple-stage surgeries. Traditionally, the @entity1 undergo @entity7890 repair in the first stage through modified Cantwell-Ransley or Mitchell-Bagli procedure. Subsequently, in the second stage, @entity1494 repair is performed to achieve continence, the most common procedure being modified Young-Dees-Leadbetter. There is no reported single-stage technique of @entity7890 repair achieving both cosmesis and continence in isolated incontinent @entity7890 . The objectives of the study were to assess continence and cosmesis with partial penile disassemble and double breasting of @entity1494 and posterior urethra in isolated peno-pubic @entity7890 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of surgical outcome of seven cases of primary @entity322 repair from July 2008 to July 2012 was carried out. @entity1 ' age varied from 10  months to 16  years. Penile de-gloving is done with mobilization of urethral plate from ventrum to dorsum, distally till mid-glans and proximally up to pubic symphysis with preservation of blood supply at both ends. Partial mobilization of corporal bodies from its attachment and division of peno-pubic ligament are done to lengthen the penis. A mucosal strip of 5-7  mm is excised to denude the mucosa for double breasting. Tubularization of urethral plate with double breasting from the region of @entity1494 to posterior urethra is done to increase the outlet resistance and then tubularization of distal urethral plate. Approximation of mobilized pelvic floor muscles is done to complete sphincteroplasty. Spongioplasty along the entire length and corporoplasty with medial rotation of corporeal bodies is done. Glanuloplasty with meatoplasty is done to bring the meatus ventrally and then skin cover to penis is done with rotation of ventral flaps or z plasty. RESULTS: Preoperatively, three @entity1 (42.8  %) had moderate and four (58.2  %) had severe chordee. Three (42.8  %) of the seven @entity1 had mild torque toward right. Six @entity1 became fully continent and had excellent cosmesis postoperatively, while one was partially continent with a dry interval of 2  h and required anticholinergics. None of the @entity1 developed @entity292 , @entity850 , wound @entity6783 or @entity39 in a follow-up period of 1-5  years; however, one @entity1 had mild residual chordee but did not require any additional surgery. CONCLUSION: Double breasting of @entity1494 and posterior urethra with sphincteroplasty and partial penile disassembly produces a reliable tubularized neourethra with complete chordee correction with emphasis on achievement of continence and near-normal-appearing penile morphology through a single-stage surgery. Mobilization of urethral plate and proximal urethra up to @entity1494 helps correction of chordee as well as torsion. @entity546 keeping the urethra attached to glans maintains the dual blood supply, thus preventing @entity850 and @entity292 . This small series is a preliminary study, and more studies at different centers may authenticate it by reproducing the results.

title: Double breasting of @entity1494 and posterior urethra for continence in isolated peno-pubic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['isolated incontinent peno-pubic epispadias']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stricture']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity6783 :: ('MESH:D013529', 'Disease') :: ['dehiscence']

entities_list: @entity7890 :: ('MESH:D004842', 'Disease') :: ['epispadias']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['Partial penile disassembly']

answer: @entity7890 :: (MESH:D004842,Disease) :: ['epispadias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few longitudinal studies have investigated the onset, duration, and resolution of @entity9645 in @entity236 . This study prospectively followed a group of such @entity1 on a daily basis to obtain data on the incidence of @entity9645 , location and duration of lesions, severity with different conditioning regimens, and the relationship of such @entity33 to the absolute neutrophil count. METHODS: Fifty-nine @entity236 on prophylactic @entity1033 were examined daily for 26 days after marrow infusion, and all oral @entity1066 were recorded. RESULTS: @entity9645 occurred in 76.3% of @entity1 , began at a mean of 5 days after marrow infusion (day + 5), and lasted for a median of 6 days. More than 90% of @entity1 showed complete resolution of @entity1066 on or before day + 15, and all showed resolution when the absolute neutrophil count was > 500 cells/ml. Persistence of @entity1066 was noticed in @entity1 who had oral @entity2132 and in some @entity1 who initially developed more severe @entity1066 . Ninety-six percent of @entity1066 were located on nonkeratinized mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9645 occurs in about 75% of @entity236 in the @entity2025 . Most lesions occur on nonkeratinized mucosae which are vulnerable to @entity130 , especially if such mucosae are rendered @entity3202 by conditioning regimens. @entity9645 may persist beyond day + 15 and after recovery of the neutrophil count in @entity1 who initially develop more severe @entity1066 or in @entity1 who develop @entity2132 .

title: A longitudinal study of oral XXXX in @entity236 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity9645 :: ('MESH:D019226', 'Disease') :: ['Ulcerative mucositis', 'Oral ulcers', 'ulcerative mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative lesions', 'ulcerations', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity2025 :: ('MESH:D020031', 'Disease') :: ['absence of herpes simplex virus infection']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow transplant recipients']

answer: @entity9645 :: (MESH:D019226,Disease) :: ['ulcerative mucositis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity3441 ( @entity3441 ) develop severe @entity1985 that is resistant to medical therapy, and bilateral nephrectomy is recommended toward the end of the first year of life followed by renal replacement therapy. @entity3441 @entity1 in New Zealand have been observed to exhibit a different course to those with the typical Finnish mutation. METHODS: A database of @entity3441 @entity1 at our center was retrospectively examined. All cases diagnosed between 1975 and 2011 were reviewed. Demographic data, clinical features, genetic mutations, treatment, and outcome were extracted from clinical records. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 with @entity3441 , 23 @entity1 of Maori descent, and 12 Caucasians . Fourteen had died of either @entity2348 or @entity5892 . Maori @entity1 had displayed a highly variable and protracted timeline to @entity454 ( @entity454 ) with median renal survival of 30 years versus 0.7 years in Caucasian @entity1 . Mutation analysis of @entity6333 showed a founder mutation in the Maori population. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3441 in New Zealand Maori @entity1 exhibit a different clinical course to Caucasian @entity1 and have a mutation that was first described in this ethnic group.

title: XXXX with prolonged renal survival without renal replacement therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity3441 :: ('MESH:C535761', 'Disease') :: ['CNS', 'congenital nephrotic syndrome', 'Congenital nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5892 :: ('MESH:D020767', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial sepsis']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity3441 :: (MESH:C535761,Disease) :: ['Congenital nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: Apoptosis is a pathway of cell death characterized by internucleosomal digestion of genomic DNA. Such DNA digestion can be induced by both physiological stimuli and cytotoxic treatment with many anticancer agents. This digestion has generally been considered to be mediated by a @entity141 / @entity1025 -dependent endonuclease that is activated by increases in intracellular @entity141 . However, we suggest that an alternate endonuclease, DNase II, may be a more likely candidate. In these studies, apoptosis was induced in @entity1 HL-60 cells by a 30-min incubation with the topoisomerase II inhibitor @entity2879 . DNA digestion characteristic of apoptosis began within 3 h of removal of @entity2879 . Morphological indication of apoptosis was observed concurrently. Only about 20% of the cells underwent apoptosis at this time; these appeared to be cells in S phase at the time of @entity2879 treatment. The remainder of the cells progressed to the G2 phase and arrested there for at least 48 h. Intracellular @entity141 and pH were measured in individual cells by flow cytometry. No changes in intracellular @entity141 were observed, but an acidification of up to 1 pH unit occurred in about 15% of the cells and correlated with the time course of appearance of DNA digestion. Cells were sorted on the basis of intracellular pH and only the acidic cells showed the morphology and DNA digestion characteristic of apoptosis. These results demonstrate the involvement of DNase II in apoptotic DNA digestion and suggest mechanisms of pH homeostasis as regulators of apoptosis.

title: XXXX -induced apoptosis in @entity1 HL-60 cells is associated with intracellular acidification.

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['Etoposide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: When facing the well-known demographic development with an increasing number of @entity1 suffering from @entity303 , there is a need of programmes to support nursing relatives and care at home. Many support services have been established in the past few years but they are rarely used by the relatives and the @entity1 . The purpose of the Lighthouse Project Ulm (ULTDEM Study) was to prove the effectiveness of a single advisory approach in order to provide support services after care level classification and to relieve the burden placed on relatives caring for family members suffering from @entity303 ("initial case management"). METHODS: The ULTDEM Study is a prospective, open, randomized, controlled, interventional study with different parallel outcome measures (burden of caring, quality of life and mood). After the randomization, the interventional group was given comprehensive, individual advice about available treatment possibilities for @entity303 @entity1 . Control group @entity1 received standard treatment. Inclusion criteria were application of a care level (0 or 1) as well as @entity303 diagnosis. All @entity1 ( @entity1 /relatives) underwent an initial and a 6 month comprehensive assessment. RESULTS: Our results show that a single advisory approach does not lead to a significant difference in outcome measures in interventional and control groups. Those tendencies described have to be interpreted as clinically not relevant. Although utilization of support services increases, it remains similar in both study groups. A confirmatory interpretation has not been possible due to a lack of adjustment to the findings regarding multiple testing and an insufficient degree of recruitment. Possible causes will be discussed such as premature intervention during the course of the disease, a lack of intervention blinding, recruitment bias and lack of an influence on adherence with regard to the use of support services. IMPLICATIONS: The study demonstrates that there is a substantial information deficit for @entity1 affected by @entity303 and their relatives. Innovative ways still have to be developed to ensure that this information actually reaches the target audience.

title: [Maintenance of health and relief for caregivers of elderly with XXXX by using "initial case management": experiences from the Lighthouse Project on @entity303 , Ulm, ULTDEM-study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neuropathic @entity4760 are generally deep and infectious wounds extending to the bone or joint. We performed microsurgical free flap transfer for limb salvage and vascular augmentation of feet with @entity3949 . METHODS: Angiography was performed to identify any significant @entity455 . The free flaps were transplanted after resection of the damaged skin and infected bone. Flow-through or end-to-side @entity254 to the dorsalis pedis artery was performed to preserve the arterial blood flow to the residual foot. RESULTS: An anterolateral thigh flap and free flaps based on the subscapular artery system were transplanted in 1 and 10 @entity1 , respectively. All flaps survived. Arterial flow on the distal side of the @entity254 was postoperatively confirmed in all @entity1 . During a mean follow-up period of 52 months, the long-term complications observed were recurrent ulcers in 4 @entity1 . The limb salvage rate was 100%, and 82% of @entity1 achieved functional ambulation. CONCLUSIONS: Microsurgical flap transplantation is a safe and useful technique for minimal amputation of a @entity6 neuropathic foot. Postoperative protection of the feet is important in order to avoid recurrence of foot ulceration. The use of protective footwear custom-tailored for each @entity1 is strongly recommended. J. Med. Invest. 61: 325-332, August, 2014.

title: Limb salvage and vascular augmentation by microsurgical free flap transfer for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']

answer: @entity4760 :: (MESH:D017719,Disease) :: ['neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers']


abstract: SCOPE: Early perturbations in vascular health can be detected by imposing subjects to a high fat (HF) challenge and measure response capacity. Subtle responses can be determined by assessment of whole-genome transcriptional changes. We aimed to magnify differences in health by comparing gene-expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells toward a high @entity8981 or @entity1718 ( @entity10194 ) challenge between subjects with different @entity65 risk profiles and to identify @entity844 specific gene-expression pathways. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a cross-over study, 17 lean and 15 @entity28 @entity1 (50-70 years) received two 95 g fat shakes, high in SFAs or @entity8981 . Peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene-expression profiles were assessed fasted and 4-h postprandially. Comparisons were made between groups and shakes. During fasting, 294 genes were significantly differently expressed between lean and @entity28 . The challenge increased differences to 607 genes after @entity10194 and 2516 genes after @entity8981 . In both groups, @entity10194 decreased expression of @entity165 biosynthesis and uptake genes and increased @entity165 efflux genes. @entity8981 increased inflammatory genes and @entity5601 targets involved in b-oxidation. CONCLUSION: Based upon gene-expression changes, we conclude that an HF challenge magnifies differences in health, especially after @entity8981 . Our findings also demonstrate how SFAs and @entity8981 exert distinct effects on lipid handling pathways in immune cells.

title: High fat challenges with different XXXX affect distinct atherogenic gene expression pathways in immune cells from lean and @entity28 subjects.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio has recently emerged as an indicator of @entity32 and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio with postoperative @entity955 and mortality in coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS: Six hundred and sixty-two @entity1 who were in sinus rhythm preoperatively and who had isolated coronary artery bypass grafting were retrospectively included in the study. @entity1 who had @entity955 in the early postoperative period were enrolled in group 1 (n   =   153); @entity1 who remained in sinus rhythm in the early postoperative period were included in group 2 (n   =   509). The clinical and demographic data of the @entity1 , biochemical and complete blood count parameters, preoperative monocyte count/high-density lipoprotein @entity165 ratio, and operative and postoperative data were recorded. RESULTS: Preoperative monocyte counts (P   =   0.0001), monocyte count/high-density lipoprotein @entity165 ratio (P =   0.0001) and C-reactive protein levels (P   =   0.0001) were significantly increased in group 1. In the first month, 8 @entity1 in group 1 (5.2%) and 5 @entity1 in group 2 (1.0%) died, which was statistically significant (P   =   0.003). In univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, an elevated preoperative monocyte count/high-density lipoprotein @entity165 ratio (P   =   0.03) and C-reactive protein levels (P   =   0.0001) were predictors of postoperative @entity955 . Preoperative monocyte counts (P   =   0.001), monocyte count/high-density lipoprotein @entity165 ratio (P   =   0.0001) and the use of inotropic support (P   =   0.0001) were also predictors of mortality in the early postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: We have observed that high preoperative monocyte count/ high-density lipoprotein ratio was associated with postoperative @entity955 and mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting operation.

title: High preoperative monocyte count/high-density lipoprotein ratio is associated with postoperative XXXX and mortality in coronary artery bypass grafting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although @entity2694 has become the surgical treatment of choice for @entity1 with proptosis from @entity2743 , @entity86 requiring corrective eye muscle surgery can occur in up to 63% of @entity1 . The purpose of the study was to evaluate a new technique intended to reduce the incidence of @entity892 following @entity2694 . STUDY DESIGN: Case-control. METHODS: Endoscopic orbital decompression was performed on 58 orbits in 37 @entity1 with proptosis from @entity2743 . The orbital sling technique, which makes use of a horizontal strip of periorbital fascia to prevent prolapse of the medial rectus muscle, was used on 20 orbits in 13 @entity1 . Conventional endoscopic decompression was performed in 24 control subjects. The mean duration of follow-up was 3.3 +/- 1.3 years (range, 1.7-5.1 y). RESULTS: The incidence of new-onset or worsened @entity892 following endoscopic decompression was significantly lower for the orbital sling group compared with control subjects (0% vs. 29.2%, respectively [ =.038]). No @entity1 in the orbital sling group developed new-onset @entity892 following surgery. Of the eight @entity1 with pre-existing @entity892 from the orbitopathy, double vision improved in four @entity1 (50%) and was unchanged in the remaining four @entity1 (50%). The mean reduction in proptosis was comparable for the orbital sling and control groups (5.1 +/- 1.1 mm vs. 5.0 +/- 1.9 mm, respectively [ P=.98]). CONCLUSIONS The preservation of a fascial sling overlying the medial rectus muscle during @entity2694 appears to reduce the incidence of @entity86 , while still allowing for a satisfactory reduction in proptosis. This modification of the standard decompression technique should be considered for the treatment of @entity1 with proptosis.

title: Reduction of XXXX following @entity2694 : the orbital sling technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['Graves disease']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic orbital decompression']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative diplopia']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

answer: @entity892 :: (MESH:D004172,Disease) :: ['diplopia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: The artificial complex phenols, 2- @entity15087 -butyl-4-methoxyphenol (BHA), 2,6-di- @entity15087 -butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) and 2,4,6-tri- @entity15087 -butylphenol (TBP) exert efficient antioxidant activity; however, they are considerable toxic and potentially @entity5 -promoting. These phenols, particularly in combinations, have enhanced antioxidant activity due to synergistic interactions and produce bioactive intermediates such as quinone methide. We investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of BHA, BHT and TBP, and combinations of BHT/BHA (in molar ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 2:1), BHT/TBP (1:1), and @entity36 (1:1), using gene-expression systems for @entity1996 ( @entity1996 ) and @entity5 necrosis facto-alpha ( @entity637 ) in RAW264.7 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The inhibitory effects of BHA, BHT and TBP on expression of @entity1996 and @entity637 genes upon stimulation with @entity526 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Porphyomonas gingivalis (Pg) fimbriae were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The inhibitory effect on expression of @entity1996 and @entity637 genes upon stimulation with LPS and fimbriae was greatly enhanced by the combination of two antioxidants (molar ratio 1:1), BHT/BHA. In addition, that of the @entity1996 gene, but not of @entity637 gene was slightly enhanced by a combination of equimolar BHT/TBP and @entity36 . None of the antioxidants alone exerted any anti-inflammatory activity upon stimulation with LPS, but a slight anti-inflammatory activity was observed upon stimulation with Pg fimbriae. The inhibitory effect of the BHT/BHA combination on expression of @entity1996 mRNA upon stimulation with LPS was investigated at afferent molar ratios, and a molar ratio of 1:1 was found to have considerably less effect than a molar ratio of 1:2 or 2:1. The 1:3 combination had no effect. CONCLUSION: The combination of BHT and BHA at a molar ratio of 0.5-2 exerts potent anti-inflammatory activity. This anti-inflammatory activity on the generation of inflammatory mediators in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells may be attributable to complex synergistic antioxidant activity of the combination of BHT and BHA. Our results suggest the potential usefulness of the BHT/BHA combination at an appropriate molar ratio as an antioxidant in foods and pharmaceuticals, whereas either antioxidant alone is unlikely to be effective.

title: Anti-inflammatory Activity of the Artificial Antioxidants 2- @entity15087 -butyl-4-methoxyphenol (BHA), 2,6-Di- @entity15087 -butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) and 2,4,6-Tri- XXXX -butylphenol (TBP), and their Various Combinations.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity15087 :: (21752(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['tert']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short-term tolerability of an extended-release preparation of the stimulant medication mixed @entity4944 salts ( @entity4262 XR) in adults with @entity71 ( @entity71 ) whose @entity101 has been successfully treated with antihypertensive medications. METHOD: An 8-week, 2-phase, open-label study design was implemented. All adults had @entity71 (DSM-IV diagnosis) and essential @entity101 and were required to be normotensive (blood pressure < 135/85 mm Hg, treated) for at least 4 weeks at entry into the study. @entity4262 XR was given for a 6-week period, titrated once each week to a target maximum dose of 60 mg/day given once daily in the morning (phase 1), and then discontinued for 2 weeks at the end of the study (phase 2). At baseline, subjects underwent a comprehensive clinical assessment, medical history, vital signs assessment, and electrocardiogram (ECG). Rating scales were used throughout the study to assess response to treatment, and blood pressure was measured manually at each study visit. The primary outcome was the effect of @entity4262 XR on blood pressure and the development of @entity101 . RESULTS: Thirteen subjects receiving antihypertensive therapy were entered and placed on @entity4262 XR treatment and completed the trial. There were no serious adverse events. No sustained elevated blood pressure (> 140/90 mm Hg at 2 consecutive visits) was observed in the subjects treated with @entity4262 XR. Similar rates of single episodes of @entity101 were observed in phases 1 and 2. Similarly, there was no group mean increase in systolic or diastolic blood pressure or pulse during treatment with @entity4262 XR. No clinically significant changes in the ECG were observed. During the 6-week medication phase, significant improvement was found on rating scales assessing @entity71 symptoms and severity that reversed with discontinuation of @entity4262 XR. CONCLUSION: The results of this open study suggest that adults with @entity71 and controlled @entity101 can be safely treated with @entity4262 XR.

title: An open-label study of the tolerability of mixed @entity4944 salts in adults with XXXX and treated primary essential @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Brain metastasis (BM) is a poor prognostic factor for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). The efficacy and roles of combining @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) with whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in protection neurocognitive function (NCF) and improvement quality of life (QOL) were investigated and compared with WBRT alone in the treatment of @entity1149 @entity1 with BM. METHODS: A total of 238 @entity1149 @entity1 with BM were reviewed and categorized into WBRT plus @entity2904 (RCT) arm and WBRT alone ( @entity138 ), respectively. The efficacy was evaluated with Pearson chi-square or @entity16043 's exact tests, Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model. NCF was assessed by using revised Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT-R), Controlled Oral Word Association (COWA) test and Trail-making Test (TMT). QOL was assessed by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment-Lung (FACT-L) Chinese version 4.0 questionnaire. RESULTS: The average intracranial objective response (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) for all the @entity1 were 26.9 and 95.8%, respectively. The intracranial ORR and DCR for RCT and @entity138 arm were 34.9% vs. 20.2% (p   =   0.01) and 98.4% vs. 92.7% (p   =   0.03), respectively. The median intracranial progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of @entity1149 @entity1 with BM were 5.2 and 7.3  months, respectively. The median PFS of RCT arm was significantly longer than that of @entity138 arm (5.9 vs. 4.9  months, p   =   0.002). The median OS of the RCT arm was also slightly longer than that of the @entity138 arm (8.5 vs. 5.9  months), but without statistical significance (p   =   0.11). Multivariate analysis indicated that @entity2904 was a significant factor for PFS. Statistically significant differences on NCF and QOL were observed between CRT and @entity138 arms at 5  months. RCT showed a trend of @entity137 increase compared with @entity138 , however, the @entity137 were tolerable and manageable. CONCLUSIONS: Adding @entity2904 to WBRT in the treatment of @entity1149 @entity1 with BM could improve the intracranial ORR, DCR, and median PFS compared with WBRT alone. Although no remarkable difference on median OS was found, adding @entity2904 could prevent NCF and QOL from worsening. The side effects increased by adding @entity2904 , but the difference was not statistical significance and @entity137 were well tolerated.

title: The efficacy and roles of combining XXXX with whole brain radiotherapy in protection neurocognitive function and improvement quality of life of @entity1149 @entity1 with brain metastases.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['temozolomide']


abstract: Over a 5-year period 114 @entity1 with @entity356 were evaluated. Seventy-seven (68%) of these underwent laparotomy, of which 5A (47%) had a resection performed though only 22 (19%) of these were considered curative. Thirty-seven @entity1 (32%) were not offered surgery because they were aged, had poor cardiorespiratory function, or were thought to have advanced disease based on a combination of clinical (fixed epigastric mass, @entity382 , @entity1087 or @entity843 ), radiological and endoscopic features. Overall 5-year survival was 10.9%, with the @entity1 who had curative and palliative resections having 5-year survivals of 24.4% and 18.2% respectively. Eight of the 12 @entity1 who had palliative gastroenterostomy were not satisfactorily palliated, and 9 @entity1 who had 'open and close' laparotomy fared badly with an operative mortality of 44%; mean survival in these two groups was 3.8 and 3 months respectively. Mean survival in @entity1 treated without operation was 5 months. Unit policy in the management of @entity1 with @entity189 has been to resect for cure and palliation whenever possible. However, because so many @entity1 present with advanced disease, the avoidance of inappropriate surgery has been an equal priority. In this context, the wider use of ultrasonography, laparoscopy and perhaps computed tomography (CT) may be of help. In this paper, the experience of these 114 @entity1 is reviewed.

title: XXXX : the case for a more selective policy in surgical management.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the stomach']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We examined the relationship of musculoskeletal risk factors underlying force and repetition on tissue responses in an operant @entity35 model of repetitive reaching and pulling, and if force x repetition interactions were present, indicative of a fatigue failure process. We examined exposure-dependent changes in biochemical, morphological and sensorimotor responses occurring with repeated performance of a handle-pulling task for 12 weeks at one of four repetition and force levels: 1) low repetition with low force, 2) high repetition with low force, 3) low repetition with high force, and 4) @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ). METHODS: @entity35 underwent initial training for 4-6 weeks, and then performed one of the tasks for 12 weeks, 2 hours/day, 3 days/week. Reflexive grip strength and sensitivity to touch were assayed as functional outcomes. Flexor digitorum muscles and tendons, forelimb bones, and serum were assayed using ELISA for indicators of @entity32 , tissue stress and repair, and bone turnover. Histomorphometry was used to assay macrophage infiltration of tissues, spinal cord substance P changes, and tissue adaptative or degradative changes. MicroCT was used to assay bones for changes in bone quality. RESULTS: Several force x repetition interactions were observed for: muscle @entity8885 and bone @entity3426 ; serum @entity1505 , @entity8885 , and @entity3426 ; muscle @entity34445 , a tissue stress and repair protein; histomorphological evidence of tendon and cartilage degradation; serum biomarkers of bone degradation (CTXI) and bone formation (osteocalcin); and morphological evidence of bone adaptation versus resorption. In most cases, performance of the @entity2101 task induced the greatest tissue degenerative changes, while performance of moderate level tasks induced bone adaptation and a suggestion of muscle adaptation. Both high force tasks induced median nerve macrophage infiltration, spinal cord sensitization (increased substance P), grip strength declines and forepaw mechanical @entity1931 by task week 12. CONCLUSIONS: Although not consistent in all tissues, we found several significant interactions between the critical musculoskeletal risk factors of force and repetition, consistent with a fatigue failure process in musculoskeletal tissues. Prolonged performance of @entity2101 tasks exhibited significantly increased risk for @entity85 , while performance of moderate level tasks exhibited adaptation to task demands.

title: The interaction of force and repetition on musculoskeletal and neural tissue responses and sensorimotor behavior in a @entity35 model of work-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['high repetition with high force', 'HRHF']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']


abstract: Multimers of soluble peptide-major histocompatibilty complex (pMHC) molecules are used in both basic and clinical immunology. They allow the specific visualization and isolation of antigen-specific T cells from ex vivo samples. Adoptive transfer of antigen-specific T cells sorted by pMHC multimers is an effective strategy for treatment of @entity1 with @entity5 or @entity166 after transplantation. We developed a new reversible pMHC multimer called 'Histamer' to enable the specific detection and isolation of antiviral T cells from peripheral blood. HLA-A*02:01/CMVpp65 (495-503) Histamer (A02/ @entity2834 Histamer) was generated by coupling 6xHis-tagged pMHC molecules onto cobalt-based magnetic beads. The specificity of the Histamer was evaluated by flow cytometry. Sorting of antiviral @entity405 (+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) was performed by magnetic cell separation, followed by the monomerization of the Histamer after addition of the competitor @entity14614 . @entity1619 cells were analyzed for phenotype and function. The reversible pMHC Histamer proved to be highly specific and sensitive. @entity2834 -specific T cells of up to 99.6% purity were isolated using the Histamer technology. Rapid and complete disassembly of the T-cell surface-bound A02/ @entity2834 Histamer followed by the subsequent dissociation of the pMHC monomers from @entity405 (+) CTL receptors was achieved using 100 mM @entity14614 . The function of @entity2834 -specific T cells enriched by Histamer staining did not differ from CTLs induced by standard T-cell assays. This reversible T-cell staining procedure preserves the functionality of antigen-specific T cells and can be adapted to good manufacturing practice conditions. The pMHC Histamer technology offers full flexibility and fulfills all requirements to generate clinical-grade T lymphocytes.

title: Establishment of the reversible peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) class I Histamer technology: tool for visualization and selection of functionally active antigen-specific XXXX (+) T lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity14614 :: ('CHEBI:15971', 'Chemical') :: ['L-histidine']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity405 :: (925,Gene) :: ['CD8']


abstract: Intact actin microfilaments are necessary for insulin-regulated @entity2368 translocation from intracellular pools to the plasma membrane. Products of the lipoxygenase (LO) pathway were shown to be implicated in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton rearrangement. The aim of this study was to examine the role of these LO products for cardiac insulin signaling and @entity413 uptake, @entity2368 translocation, and actin-based cytoskeleton structure. Exposure of cardiomyocytes to @entity3642 or @entity2605 , two structurally different LO inhibitors, induced a complete inhibition of insulin-stimulated @entity413 uptake, whereas control cells showed a threefold stimulation by insulin. Addition of 12(S)-HETE rendered the @entity2605 -treated cells insulin-sensitive. Early insulin signaling was not changed in cells exposed to LO inhibitors. Cell surface biotinylation of control cells showed a twofold increase of @entity2368 at the cell surface after insulin stimulation. In contrast, the LO inhibitors induced a complete inhibition of insulin-stimulated @entity2368 translocation. Labeling of the F-actin cytoskeleton revealed a prominent disassembly of actin fibers in cells exposed to the LO inhibitors. In conclusion, we show here that products of the LO reaction participate in the organization of the actin network in ventricular cardiomyocytes. Inhibition of LO blocks @entity2368 translocation without affecting insulin signaling events. These data suggest that products of the LO reaction participate in the regulation of @entity413 transport by contribution to a rearrangement of actin cytoskeletal elements.

title: Eicosanoids and the regulation of cardiac XXXX transport.

entities_list: @entity3642 :: ('MESH:C007628', 'Chemical') :: ['esculetin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Salinity regulation of 13 claudin paralogs was investigated in osmoregulatory organs of euryhaline @entity7021 . They were identified by blast-search in the @entity7021 genome database based on representation in osmoregulatory organs of other teleosts. Our hypothesis was that, because of their sequence similarities to @entity1 orthologs previously characterized as barrier- and ion-selective channel-forming proteins, these paralogs would respond to salinity according to expected modulation of osmoregulatory function. Cldn10c, -10d, -10e, -10f, -27a, -28a, -28b and -30c had 4- to 100-fold higher expression in gill than other examined organs. Two splice variants of cldn10b were predominantly expressed in kidney, while cldn15a, -15b and -25 were found mainly in intestine. In gills, cldn27a, -28a, -28b and -30c did not change between fresh water (FW) and seawater (SW)-acclimated fish, while cldn10c, -10d, -10e, and -10f were most abundant in SW. Short-term SW transfer induced up-regulation of @entity59979 gill paralogs after 1day, decrease in cldn28b and no difference for cldn27a, -28a and -30c. The reverse pattern was observed after FW transfer of SW @entity7021 . Intestinal cldn15a and -25 did not differ between FW and SW fish. However, cldn15b was 10-fold higher in FW than SW, suggesting a role in functional modulation of the intestine related to water and salt transport. In kidney, @entity59979 bs were elevated in SW fish, suggesting a role in paracellular ion transport in the marine nephron. Based on in silico analysis, most gill @entity59979 s were predicted to form cation pores, whereas Cldn27a, 28a, 28b and 30c may increase epithelial resistance.

title: Functional dynamics of claudin expression in XXXX ( @entity7021 ): Response to environmental salinity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity7021 :: ('8090', 'Species') :: ['medaka', 'Japanese medaka']

answer: @entity7021 :: (8090,Species) :: ['Japanese medaka']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity547 is a common complication after stoma formation. The objective of the study was to see whether placing prophylactic preperitoneal mesh could reduce the incidence of @entity547 . METHOD: @entity1 having elective bowel surgery requiring permanent stoma were included in this study. The time required for mesh insertion, day of stoma function, and early complications were recorded. Follow up was at 6 weeks, 3-monthly for the first year and at 6-monthly intervals thereafter. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were followed up for 6-28 months (mean 16.05). The time taken for mesh placement was 12-22 min (mean 14). One @entity1 had to have revision surgery on day 1 for @entity39 - the mesh was left in situ in that instance. This @entity1 developed superficial laparotomy wound @entity281 . During the follow up, no @entity1 developed @entity547 , @entity3134 , @entity850 , retraction, @entity292 or obstruction. CONCLUSION: The early results, in this group of @entity1 , show that prophylactic @entity7502 mesh insertion at the time of permanent stoma formation is encouraging and long-term results are awaited.

title: Prevention of XXXX using preperitoneal mesh: a prospective observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['stomal necrosis']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity3134 :: ('MESH:D011391', 'Disease') :: ['stomal prolapse']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['Parastomal hernia', 'parastomal hernia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['parastomal hernia']


abstract: We report here that a synthetic peptide of the effector domain of the small-molecular-weight @entity3007 -binding protein @entity38246 (EDRab3AL) is a potent stimulator of @entity671 [ @entity19818 ] production and amylase secretion in @entity11040 -permeabilized pancreatic acini. Moreover, the @entity38246 effector domain peptide caused @entity1078 breakdown, indicating that the observed increase in @entity19818 is due to stimulation of a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC). The dose-response curve for EDRab3AL-induced amylase release was biphasic, showing a maximum at 0.3 nM EDRab3AL and a decline at higher peptide concentrations. By contrast, the dose-response curve for EDRab3AL-induced @entity19818 production was monophasic, showing stimulation with increasing EDRab3AL concentrations. A peptide of the effector domain of @entity501 , EDRab1AL, had no effect, indicating that the response to EDRab3AL is specific. Cholecystokinin octapeptide ( @entity13216 -8) and EDRab3AL had additive effects on the acinar @entity19818 level. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), which has recently been shown to inhibit @entity13216 -8-induced @entity19818 production in pancreatic acinar cells, also decreased EDRab3AL-induced @entity19818 production. These results suggest that EDRab3AL and @entity13216 -8 act on the same EGF-inhibitable PLC by independent mechanisms. @entity13216 -8 increased and EGF decreased amylase release in response to submaximal EDRab3AL concentrations. By contrast, at supramaximal EDRab3AL concentrations EGF increased and @entity13216 -8 decreased EDRab3AL-stimulated amylase release. EDRab3AL had no effect in intact acini, indicating that the site of action of EDRab3AL is intracellular. We conclude that EDRab3AL regulates phosphoinositide-specific PLC activity and thereby amylase secretion in an analogous fashion to @entity13216 -8, but from within the cell.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of a XXXX effector domain-related peptide, @entity13216 , and EGF in permeabilized pancreatic acini.

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity11040 :: ('MESH:D004072', 'Chemical') :: ['digitonin']

entities_list: @entity1078 :: ('CHEBI:18348', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate']

answer: @entity38246 :: (5864,Gene) :: ['Rab3A']


abstract: PURPOSE: The prophylactic strategy of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced @entity344 has largely been studied in arthritic @entity1 , but not in @entity5 @entity1 . The efficacy of @entity396 and @entity5616 in the prevention of @entity16 in @entity1 taking @entity3522 for their @entity5 has been compared in this study. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 who needed high-dose (200 to 300 mg/d) @entity3522 for @entity1697 at baseline gastroduodenal endoscopy were randomized to receive @entity396 (200 micrograms twice daily; M group) or @entity5616 (150 mg twice daily; R group). UGI endoscopy was repeated after 4 weeks. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 treated with @entity396 and 26 treated with @entity5616 concluded the study. The M group showed a significantly (P < .02) lower incidence of @entity75 (two @entity1 ; 8.7%) than the R group (10 @entity1 ; 38.5%). @entity2275 occurred in one (4%) @entity396 -treated @entity1 and in six (23%) @entity5616 -treated @entity1 . Six of seven @entity1 with @entity1066 were asymptomatic. Seventy-one percent and 86% of @entity1066 occurred in @entity1 older than 60 years and in those who received greater than 3.1 mg/kg of @entity3522 , respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity396 was significantly more effective than @entity5616 in the prevention of @entity75 in @entity5 @entity1 receiving @entity3522 .

title: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs for @entity5 : comparison between @entity396 and @entity5616 in prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain and without mucosal lesions']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal damage']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['Misoprostol', 'misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal (UGI) damage']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric ulcers']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['upper gastrointestinal damage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interindividual differences in the structure and expression of the @entity935 receptor genes affect @entity935 availability and may be the genetic basis for variation in vulnerability to @entity286 smoking. In this study, prevalences of polymorphisms in the TaqIA allele (A1 and A2) and the @entity58199 ) of the D2 @entity935 receptor gene in 157 @entity2 case @entity1 and 126 control subjects were determined to assess whether individuals homozygous or heterozygous for the less common @entity40760 alleles are more vulnerable to @entity1239 addiction. METHODS: Case and control subjects were accrued from an ongoing epidemiologic study. Blood samples were collected from them and subjected to molecular genetic analyses. Subjects were interviewed to obtain relevant information. Current and former smokers were administered a questionnaire to quantify their addiction to @entity1239 . RESULTS: The combined B1B2 genotypes appeared to be more prevalent in ever smokers than in never smokers among case @entity1 (30.3% versus 13.3%; two-sided P = .233) and among control subjects (30.9% and 0%; two-sided P = .02); statistically significant differences were not observed among those with A1 genotypes. Statistically significant correlations between the presence of the @entity40760 alleles were observed (r = .73 for case subjects and r = .76 for control subjects; two-sided P<.001). Individuals with rarer genotypes reported having been substantially younger at the time of smoking initiation (statistically significant for both @entity40760 ) and having attempted to quit smoking fewer times (statistically significant for only A1). CONCLUSION: Variant alleles of the D2 @entity935 receptor gene may play a role in determining @entity1239 addiction, although the associations between the at-risk genotypes and measures of @entity1239 addiction were not entirely consistent.

title: Case-control study of the D2 @entity935 receptor gene and smoking status in @entity2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of self-expanding stent in treatment of @entity697 wide-necked @entity438 in the acute stage. METHOD: Treatment of 38 @entity1 with self-expanding stent was retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: From January 2009 to May 2014, a total of 38 @entity1 with 44 @entity697 wide-necked @entity438 were embolized with self-expanding stents at our center. Immediate post-operative imaging demonstrated that the @entity439 were densely packed in 17 @entity1 , subtotally embolized in 2 @entity1 , and subtotally embolized with residual @entity439 necks in 19 @entity1 . At discharge, the @entity1 were assessed for prognosis and the results revealed @entity129 in 3 @entity1 (7.9%), @entity772 in 6 @entity1 (15.8%), hospital death in 1 case (2.6%). Twenty-eight (73.7%) @entity1 were asymptomatic at discharge. Ten of the 38 @entity1 were followed up by angiography for a period of 3.7 months on average, which showed complete occlusion in 9 @entity1 (90%), remnant @entity439 necks in 1 @entity1 (10%), and no recanalization was observed in all the followed-up @entity1 . Stent related complications also were recorded. CONCLUSION: Stent-assisted coiling is effective in treating @entity697 wide-necked @entity438 . Angiographic investigation and clinical follow-up is needed for evaluation of long-term clinical outcomes.

title: Treatment of @entity697 wide-necked XXXX using self-expanding stent.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['nerve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acutely ruptured']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: We tried to induce @entity5570 in @entity840 cochleas by unilateral, perisaccular deposition of sepharose beads carrying immune complexes. Controls consisted of the deposition of sepharose beads without immune complexes and the contralateral, untreated ear. The effects of the treatment were studied by light microscopy and electrophysiological recordings of the gross cochlear potentials 1, 2, and 6 weeks after treatment. Each condition included six animals. Analysis of variance of the morphometric data concerning the ears treated with deposition of the beads showed a statistically significant difference (P = 0.04) between the degree of @entity4 found for the beads with immune complexes and for those without. The difference between the treated ears and the contralateral untreated ears was significant (P = 0.01) for the beads with immune complexes and not significant (P = 0.8) for those without immune complexes while there was no significant effect of post-treatment time interval. Analysis of variance of the electrophysiological data, collected in response to tone bursts at the apex of the cochlea, showed no significant differences between the results for the beads with and without immune complexes. Therefore these results were pooled. One week after treatment the pooled results for the compound action potential showed a small decrease in amplitude, just significant at 2 kHz, but not at 4 and 8 kHz. This @entity2319 after 6 weeks. The pooled results for the negative summating potential (SP) showed a significant increase in magnitude at all frequencies decreasing with post-treatment interval. The cochlear microphonics did not demonstrate any change in amplitude after treatment. The results indicate that deposition of sepharose beads with immune complexes induces @entity5570 . Also, deposition of the sepharose beads itself may have induced @entity4 together with enhancement of the SP. SP enhancement may be related to the development of @entity5570 rather than to the presence of @entity4 as such. This may be based on pressure build-up while @entity4 develops.

title: Induction of @entity5570 in the XXXX by perisaccular deposition of sepharose beads carrying and not carrying immune complexes.

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['decrease disappeared completely']

entities_list: @entity5570 :: ('MESH:D018159', 'Disease') :: ['endolymphatic hydrops']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thymectomy is an effective and accepted treatment for @entity1737 , but thymectomy for @entity1737 (Osserman stage I) is controversial. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and propriety of thymectomy for the treatment of @entity1737 . METHODS: We conducted a review and follow-up of all @entity1 who had thymectomy for the treatment of @entity1737 between 1970 and 1998 at the University of California, Davis, Medical Center, and the University of Rome, "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy. @entity1 response to thymectomy was categorized as follows: cured, @entity1 who became symptom-free and required no further medication; improved, @entity1 who required less medication and whose symptoms were less severe; unchanged, @entity1 whose symptoms and medications were the same; worse, @entity1 who had more severe symptoms, needed more medication, or died. RESULTS: Sixty-one @entity1 (mean age 37 years; range 14-73 years) were followed up for a mean duration of 9 years (range 0.5-29 years). @entity1737 with mixed and cortical @entity704 , stages I to IV, occurred in 12 @entity1 , and @entity1737 without @entity704 occurred in 49 @entity1 . Transsternal thymectomy (n = 55) and transcervical thymectomy (n = 6) resulted in cure in 31 (51%) @entity1 , improvement in 12 (20%) @entity1 , no change in 16 (26%) @entity1 , and worsening of symptoms (including 1 @entity204 ) in 2 @entity1 . @entity1 outcomes were statistically independent of the duration of preoperative symptoms (mean 9.5 months), @entity1 age, or the presence or absence of @entity704 . In @entity1 with @entity1737 , 70% were cured or improved after thymectomy; in the subgroup of @entity1 with @entity1737 and @entity704 , 67% were cured or improved. CONCLUSION: Thymectomy is an effective and safe treatment for @entity1 with @entity1737 .

title: Thymectomy in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular myasthenia gravis', 'ocular myasthenia gravis', 'ocular myasthenia', 'myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['thymoma', 'thymomas']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['ocular myasthenia gravis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of @entity1 with advanced or recurrent @entity320 , which are often associated with lesions in the lower limbs, is still unsatisfactory and controversial. A simplified @entity519 pelvic and limb perfusion has been recently recommended to provide therapeutic options for palliation and possibly cure. METHODS: A nonrandomized and noncontrolled phase II experimental study was performed in 11 @entity1 with symptomatic unresectable recurrent @entity320 and limb. @entity1 were submitted to @entity519 pelvic and limb perfusion with 25 mg/m(2) of melphalan, 50 mg/m(2) of @entity900 , 300 mg/m(2) of @entity2699 , and 75 mg/m(2) of @entity1259 by means of a simplified balloon occlusion technique. Response rate and time to disease progression were the primary endpoints; overall survival was the secondary endpoint. RESULTS: During the procedures there were no technical, hemodynamic, or @entity455 , and no @entity204 occurred during surgery or in the postoperative period. Response rate was 82% (95% confidence interval, 58% to 100%). Median time to disease progression was 12 months (range 9 to 30 months). Three-year overall survival was 34%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity519 pelvic and limb perfusion is a safe and good palliative treatment for @entity1 with unresectable recurrent @entity320 . Further studies are necessary to to confirm these data and to establish if refinements can be made with acceptable @entity137 .

title: Deliberate XXXX pelvic and limb chemoperfusion in the treatment of recurrent @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxic', 'hypoxic']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'pelvic melanoma', 'melanoma of the pelvis']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxic']


abstract: Although @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ) induces apoptosis in a relatively wide spectrum of @entity5 , the sensitivity of different cell types to this treatment varies to a great extent. Because reactive @entity26 species (ROS) are critically involved in @entity9188 -induced apoptosis, we attempted to explore the possibility that elevating the cellular ROS level might be an approach to facilitate @entity9188 -induced apoptosis. @entity33997 , a natural @entity16465 derivative, was selected because its semiquinone structure is likely to increase the generation of intracellular ROS. Its independent and synergistic effects with @entity9188 in @entity137 were studied, and the plausible signaling mechanism was investigated in HeLa cells. Cell Proliferation Assay and flow cytometry were used to assess cell viability and apoptosis. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay, luciferase reporter assay, and Western blotting were performed to analyze signaling alteration. The results demonstrated that coadministration of @entity33997 , at low doses of 0.5-10 micro M, with @entity9188 enhanced @entity9188 -rendered @entity137 on @entity5 cells, whereas these treatments caused no detectable proproliferative or proapoptotic effects on nontumor cells. ROS generation was increased, and activation of nuclear factor kappaB and @entity11346 was suppressed by coadministration. All enhancements by @entity33997 could be abolished by the antioxidant @entity898 . Therefore, we concluded that @entity33997 sensitized HeLa cells to @entity9188 via generation of ROS and ROS-mediated inhibition on two major prosurvival transcription factors, nuclear factor kappaB and @entity11346 . This result allows us to propose a novel strategy in chemotherapy that uses mild ROS generators to facilitate apoptosis-inducing drugs whose efficacy depends on ROS.

title: @entity33997 enhances @entity4447 -induced apoptosis via generation of reactive XXXX species and inhibition of survival signaling.

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity33997 :: ('MESH:D004642', 'Chemical') :: ['emodin', 'Emodin']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl-L-cysteine']

entities_list: @entity11346 :: ('3726', 'Gene') :: ['activator protein 1']

entities_list: @entity16465 :: ('CHEBI:40448', 'Chemical') :: ['anthraquinone']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Aromatase is a key enzyme in the conversion of @entity2671 and @entity251 to @entity7042 and @entity53 . Intratumoral aromatase activity is expressed by around 70% of @entity0 , but it is not clear what effect this has on the @entity5 phenotype. To address this question we expressed @entity1 aromatase in hormone-dependent MCF-7 @entity0 cells. Clone @entity31951 . 1 expressed aromatase at 1,000 times the endogenous level in @entity164 ( @entity164 ) cells. Clone @entity31951 . 2 incorporated the expression construct but did not express aromatase at levels above @entity164 . There was no morphological difference between the two clones and @entity164 , all three cell lines expressed @entity2931 receptor at equivalent levels, and all manifested a mitogenic response to @entity53 . In steroid-depleted medium @entity31951 . 1 cells showed significant growth enhancement over @entity164 and @entity31951 . 2, and this growth advantage was increased by exogenous @entity2671 or @entity251 . Both the enzyme activity and @entity342 -stimulated growth of @entity31951 . 1 cells were completely reversible by aromatase inhibitor @entity2628 . The @entity31951 . 1 cell line may contribute to the development of an in vivo model of intratumoral aromatase, to study the biological significance of this phenomenon.

title: Biological effects of stable overexpression of aromatase in XXXX hormone-dependent @entity0 cells.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity7042 :: ('CHEBI:17263', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']