abstract: BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that by using coronal MRI, @entity1645 could be more precisely diagnosed, would provide simple anatomic landmarks, would provide information regarding asymmetry of hindbrain herniation, and would be a better method for analyzing the tonsillar herniation postoperatively when the opisthion has been removed. METHODS: Fifty consecutive pediatric @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1645 had comparison between the measurements of their caudally descended cerebellar tonsils on midsagittal and coronal MRI images. RESULTS: On MRI coronal imaging, tonsillar asymmetry was found in 48 @entity1 . Maximal left tonsillar descent was 20.9  mm, and maximal right tonsillar descent was 17.4  mm. On MRI sagittal imaging, tonsillar descent ranged from 5 to 27.4  mm. Fifty-eight  % of @entity1 had @entity1644 . Five @entity1 (10  %) on coronal MRI were found to have @entity76 that were less than 3  mm below the foramen magnum. However, all of these @entity1 had greater than 3  mm of @entity5326 on sagittal imaging. Nineteen @entity1 (38  %) on coronal MRI were found to have one of the cerebellar tonsils that were less than 3  mm below the foramen magnum. Similarly, each of these had greater than 3  mm of tonsillar ecotpia as measured on midsagittal MRI. Also, based on these findings, @entity1645 is almost always an asymmetrical @entity5326 . CONCLUSIONS: Sagittal MRI overestimates the degree of @entity5326 in @entity1 with @entity1645 . Misdiagnosis may occur if sagittal imaging alone is used. The cerebellar tonsils are paramedian structures, and this should be kept in mind when interpreting midline sagittal MRI.

title: Sagittal MRI often overestimates the degree of @entity76 : a potential for misdiagnosis of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari I malformation']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['both cerebellar tonsils']

entities_list: @entity5326 :: ('MESH:D014067', 'Disease') :: ['tonsillar ectopia']

answer: @entity1645 :: (MESH:D001139,Disease) :: ['Chiari I malformation']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Epidural volume extension (EVE) with saline solution can contribute to greater cephalad spread of drugs injected into the subarachnoid space during cesarean section. We studied the incidence of @entity551 with spinal @entity1341 or @entity1343 ( @entity26867 ) and the spread after epidural saline injection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: After ethics committee approval, we randomized @entity1 scheduled for cesarean section to 4 groups to receive 5 mg of 0.25% @entity1341 with (n=51) or without (n=6) saline EVE; 5 mg of 025% @entity26867 (n=50); or 6 mg of 03% @entity26867 (n=50). All @entity1 also received 25 microg of @entity3575 per 2 mL of local hyperbaric spinal anesthetic. In all except the non-EVE group, 10 mL of saline was infused through an epidural catheter 5 minutes after anesthetic infusion. We recorded @entity1 demographic data, procedural and anesthetic times, incision-clamping times, occurrence of @entity551 , @entity6358 dose required, motor and sensory blockade, requirement for rescue analgesics, and neonatal outcome. RESULTS: After 6 @entity1 had been randomized to the non-EVE group, no further @entity1 were assigned because all the @entity1 required rescue analgesics. Demographic data, duration of procedure, time between. incision and delivery, and Apgar scores were similar in all the groups. The incidence of @entity551 was lower in the group receiving 5 mg of @entity26867 (26% vs. 52.9% in the @entity1341 5-mg group, and 56% in the 6-mg @entity26867 group, P = .04). More @entity1 given 5 mg of @entity26867 required rescue analgesia (46%) than did those receiving 5 mg of @entity1341 (235%) or 6 mg of @entity26867 (28%) (P = .039). @entity551 was associated with a lower umbilical cord pH (P = .001). @entity6358 doses over 20 mg were also associated with a lower umbilical cord pH (P = .031). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity551 was lowest in the group anesthetized with 5 mg of @entity26867 , but the need for rescue analgesia was greater in this group. Doses of 5 mg and 6 mg may be sufficient for cesarean section, as they provide a good level of sensory blockade.

title: [ @entity551 with low doses of spinal @entity1341 or XXXX and epidural volume expansion with saline for cesarean section].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6358 :: ('MESH:D004809', 'Chemical') :: ['Ephedrine', 'ephedrine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['levobupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity26867 :: ('CHEBI:6149', 'Chemical') :: ['L-bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['material hypotension', 'Hypotension', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1343 :: (MESH:C476513,Chemical) :: ['levobupivacaine']


abstract: PURPOSE AND DESIGN: The management of @entity1 with @entity157 has become increasingly complex. The most appropriate therapy largely depends on the functional status of the underlying liver. Here we review the modalities of transplantation, resection, and ablation in this @entity1 population. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity82 and/or portal @entity101 , and disease extent within the Milan criteria, liver transplantation is clearly the best option. This modality not only provides therapy for the @entity5 but also treats the underlying hepatic parenchymal disease. In @entity1 with well-preserved hepatic function, on the other hand, liver resection remains the most appropriate and effective treatment. Hepatic resection is not constrained by the same variables of @entity5 extent and location that limit the applicability of transplantation and ablative therapies. In addition, @entity1 whose disease recurs after resection are often still eligible for transplantation. Ablative therapies, particularly percutaneous radiofrequency ablation and transarterial embolization/chemoembolization, have been used primarily to treat @entity1 with low-volume unresectable @entity5 . The question has increasingly been raised regarding whether ablation of small @entity5 (<3 cm) provides long-term disease control that is comparable to resection. Ablative therapies has also been used as a means of controlling disease in @entity1 who are on transplantation waiting lists, although improved posttransplantation outcome using these techniques has yet to be proven prospectively. The major problem with assessing the efficacy of various treatment modalities in these @entity1 is the heterogeneity of disease presentation, which often precludes the use of certain therapies and therefore makes the conduct of randomized control trial difficult.

title: XXXX : a review of transplantation, resection, and ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['early hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Management of small hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty is associated with elevated levels of @entity1953 and @entity3407 ions. The effects of @entity1953 and @entity3407 ions on cell number, activity, expression of @entity2159 ( @entity2159 ) and @entity5298 ( @entity5298 ) and oxidative stress on @entity1 osteoblast-like cells were addressed. Saos-2 cells were supplemented with @entity3158 , @entity6597 , or @entity3158    +   @entity6597 (1:2) at 0, 1, 10, and 100     g/L and incubated for 24, 48, 72, and 96   h. Cell activity was assessed by @entity98 -assay and cell number by Crystal Violet staining. RNA levels of @entity2159 and @entity5298 were evaluated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Compared to controls @entity3158 reduced cell numbers: at 10     g/L by 17        8% after 48   h and at 100     g/L after 24   h by 35        8%. @entity6597 decreased cell numbers at 10     g/L after 48 and 72   h. @entity3158    +   @entity6597 combined at 1     g/L lowered cell numbers after 24 and 96   h (17        13, resp. 13        4%). The 10 and 100     g/L concentrations reduced cell numbers significantly after 24, 48, and 96   h. @entity6597 reduced osteoblast activity at 1, 10, and 100     g/L at all incubation times. The strongest reduction (11        1%) was seen at 100     g/L after 96   h. The @entity2159 / @entity5298 ratio was reduced after 72   h with almost all @entity3158 and @entity6597 concentrations. After 96   h, @entity2041 , @entity224 dismutase, and @entity2196 levels were indicative for an oxidative stress response in all samples. In conclusion, @entity1953 and @entity3407 ions reduce @entity1 osteoblast activity, reduce @entity2159 / @entity5298 ratio and lead to oxidative stress.

title: XXXX and @entity3407 ions reduce @entity1 osteoblast-like cell activity in vitro, reduce the @entity2159 to @entity5298 ratio, and induce oxidative stress.

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

entities_list: @entity5298 :: ('8600', 'Gene') :: ['receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand', 'RANKL']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity2159 :: ('4982', 'Gene') :: ['osteoprotegerin', 'OPG']

answer: @entity1953 :: (MESH:D003035,Chemical) :: ['Cobalt']


abstract: We have investigated the protective effects of the inhaled @entity6954 leukotriene antagonist, @entity33763 , on allergen-induced early @entity748 response (EAR) and late @entity748 response (LAR) and the subsequent changes in bronchial responsiveness to @entity2710 . Ten atopic @entity1 with @entity565 participated in a double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial. All subjects had documented EAR and LAR to house dust-mite extract. Responsiveness to @entity2710 was measured the day before and the day after a standardized allergen-challenge test. @entity33763 was inhaled in two doses of 12 mg 20 minutes before and 3 hours after the allergen challenge. The response was obtained from FEV1 and flows from maximal (V40m) and partial (V40p) expiratory flow-volume curves. All subjects had an EAR and LAR during placebo therapy, but only a minority demonstrated an increase in @entity2710 responsiveness of more than one doubling dose. The ratio of V40m to V40p during @entity2710 challenge was higher than during both EAR and LAR (p less than 0.05). There was no difference between drug- and placebo-therapy periods in baseline function, EAR, LAR, ratio of V40m to V40p, and the allergen-induced hyperresponsiveness (p greater than 0.1). These results indicate that an effective aerosolized leukotriene antagonist in @entity1 does not protect against allergen-induced @entity1030 , despite the evidence of an inflammatory response to allergen challenge. This suggests that either the potency or duration of activity of @entity33763 is limited or that leukotrienes @entity33764 do not play a causative role in @entity1 @entity56 .

title: The effect of an inhaled leukotriene antagonist, @entity33763 , on early and late @entity748 reactions and subsequent increase in airway responsiveness in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airflow obstruction']

entities_list: @entity6954 :: ('CHEBI:23511', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteinyl']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: oxidative stress is undoubtedly one of the main players in @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) pathophysiology. Recent studies in @entity1028 @entity1 reported an increase in the indices of oxidative damage at the tissue level and in biological fluids coupled with the loss of counter-regulatory mechanisms of protection from oxidative stress. We recently reported, in a proteomic analysis of @entity1028 @entity1 sera, changes in the expression of several proteins exerting important modulatory activities on cellular proliferation, differentiation and response to damage. This study aimed to explore the involvement of protein oxidation, at peripheral levels, in @entity1028 . METHODS: a redox proteomic approach was used to investigate total and specific protein carbonylation and protein-bound @entity11838 ( @entity13789 ) in the serum of @entity1028 @entity1 compared with age-matched controls. RESULTS: our results show increased oxidative damage to protein as indexed by the total @entity6738 levels and total protein-bound @entity13789 . By redox proteomics we identified specific carbonylation of three serum proteins: serum @entity904 -binding protein, vitamin D-binding protein and @entity2002 a-chain @entity13789 . We also identified increased protein-bound @entity13789 levels for @entity21254 , @entity1016 chain C region and @entity1016 chain V-III region SIE. In addition we found a high correlation between specific protein carbonylation and protein-bound @entity13789 and the aortic diameter. Moreover the analysis of serum proteins with antioxidant activity demonstrates the oxidation of albumin together with the overexpression of @entity69 , @entity2104 and HSPs 90, 70, 60 and 32. CONCLUSIONS: this study support the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of @entity1028 and might provide a further degree of knowledge in the cause-effect role of oxidative stress shedding new light on the molecular candidates involved in the disease.

title: Redox proteomic analysis of serum from aortic anerurysm XXXX : insights on oxidation of specific protein target.

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['retinol']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

entities_list: @entity6738 :: ('CHEBI:23019', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonyl']

entities_list: @entity11838 :: ('MESH:C027576', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxy-2-nonenal']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1499 , when used in high doses (12 g/m  ) in the treatment of @entity421 , shows wide between-subject variability ( @entity27654 ) in its pharmacokinetics. High-dose @entity1499 is associated with severe @entity137 ; therefore, @entity734 ( @entity734 ) is carried out to guide rescue therapy and monitor for nephrotoxicity. @entity33 is a commonly encountered dose-limiting @entity137 that often leads to delays in subsequent courses of chemotherapy. This, in turn, results in a reduction in the dosing intensity, which is essential in the treatment of @entity421 . The aims of this study were to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model from @entity734 using physiologically relevant covariates and to investigate the correlation between @entity33 scores and @entity1499 pharmacokinetics. In total, 46 @entity421 @entity1 (30 @entity1 and 16 @entity1 ; age, 4-51 years) were recruited, and blood samples were collected for routine @entity734 once every 24 hours. @entity33 scores, graded according to the National @entity5 Institute Common @entity137 Criteria, were recorded for 28 of the @entity1 (18 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 ; age, 8-51 years) predose and postdose. A population PK model was developed in NONMEM VI. A 2-compartment PK model was chosen, and clearance (CL) was divided into filtration and secretion/metabolism components. All parameters were scaled with body weight, and, in addition, total CL was scaled with age- and sex-adjusted serum @entity1011 . Between-subject variability was modeled for all parameters, and between-occasion variability was included in CL. For a typical 70 kg @entity1 of 18 years or older, the parameter estimates for the final model were CL(filt) = 2.69 L/h/70 kg, CL(sec) = 10.9 L/h/70 kg, V    = 74.3 L/70 kg, Q = 0.110 L/h/70 kg, and V    = 4.10 L/70 kg. Sequential pharmacodynamic modeling consisted of @entity33 scores as 5-point ordered categorical data. A significant linear relationship between individual area under the curve (AUC) and @entity33 score probability was found, and the probability of having @entity33 score >=  1 increased with increasing AUC and was almost 50% at the average cumulative AUC after 2 consecutive @entity1499 doses.

title: A population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model of @entity1499 and XXXX scores in @entity421 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['Mucositis', 'mucositis']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['TDM', 'therapeutic drug monitoring']

answer: @entity33 :: (MESH:D052016,Disease) :: ['mucositis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the relative value of invasive and noninvasive predictors of outcome in @entity1 after @entity1459 . DESIGN: Cohort of 54 @entity1 with @entity1459 who had 6-month follow-up after stabilization on medical therapy. SETTING: University-based hospital, tertiary referral center. @entity1 : Consecutive @entity1 with @entity1459 whose symptoms resolved while receiving medical therapy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We prospectively compared 24-hour Holter ST-segment monitoring at admission, quantitative exercise thallium tomography, and cardiac catheterization 5 +/- 2 days after admission and analyzed their value for predicting a @entity299 in @entity1 with @entity1459 within 6 months. When @entity1 with a favorable outcome (n = 40) were compared with @entity1 with an unfavorable outcome (n = 11) no statistical difference was found in duration of ST shift of 1 mm or more on Holter monitoring (51 +/- 119 min compared with 37 +/- 43 min), exercise duration by the standard Bruce protocol (8.0 +/- 3.6 min compared with 7.9 +/- 3.1 min), exercise-induced ST @entity308 (0.6 +/- 0.9 mm compared with 1.0 +/- 1.0 mm), and contrast left ventricular ejection fraction (70% +/- 10% compared with 69% +/- 15%). @entity1 with a favorable outcome were distinguished from those with an unfavorable outcome by a higher maximum rate-pressure product (24 x 10(3) +/- 6 x 10(3) compared with 18 x 10(3) +/- 7 x 10(3), P = 0.0025), smaller size of the reversible scintigraphic perfusion defect expressed as a percentage of total myocardium imaged (6% +/- 11% compared with 17% +/- 18%, P = 0.05) and a smaller number of vessels with @entity850 of 50% or more (1.1 +/- 1.2 compared with 2.1 +/- 1.0, P = 0.01). On multiple logistic regression analysis, a history of previous @entity583 was the most powerful predictor of outcome. In @entity1 without @entity583 , reversible exercise thallium perfusion defect size was the only predictor. CONCLUSION: After stabilization of an episode of @entity1459 , quantitative tomographic exercise thallium scintigraphy has greater value for risk stratification than Holter ST-segment monitoring, particularly in @entity1 who have not had a previous @entity1188 .

title: Prognosis in medically stabilized XXXX : early Holter ST-segment monitoring compared with predischarge exercise thallium tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac event']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity1459 :: (MESH:D000789,Disease) :: ['unstable angina']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Local @entity520 has been demonstrated in @entity63 tissues and at inflammatory sites. RESULTS: @entity8487 triggers @entity5704 inflammasome activation and @entity1356 secretion in @entity1 macrophages. CONCLUSION: Acidic pH represents a novel danger signal alerting the innate immunity. SIGNIFICANCE: Local @entity520 may promote @entity32 at @entity63 and inflammatory sites. Local extracellular acidification has been demonstrated at sites of @entity63 and @entity32 . @entity1356 is one of the key proinflammatory cytokines, and thus, its synthesis and secretion are tightly regulated. The @entity5704 ( @entity377 -binding domain @entity368 -rich repeat containing family, pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome complex, assembled in response to microbial components or endogenous danger signals, triggers @entity9302 -mediated maturation and secretion of @entity1356 . In this study, we explored whether acidic environment is sensed by immune cells as an inflammasome-activating danger signal. @entity1 macrophages were exposed to custom cell culture media at pH 7.5-6.0. Acidic medium triggered pH-dependent secretion of @entity1356 and activation of @entity9302 via a mechanism involving @entity972 efflux from the cells. @entity8487 caused rapid intracellular acidification, and the @entity1356 -inducing effect of acidic medium could be mimicked by acidifying the cytosol with @entity7999 , a proton pump inhibitor. Knocking down the mRNA expression of @entity5704 receptor abolished @entity1356 secretion at acidic pH. Remarkably, alkaline extracellular pH strongly inhibited the @entity1356 response to several known @entity5704 activators, demonstrating bipartite regulatory potential of pH on the activity of this inflammasome. The data suggest that acidic environment represents a novel endogenous danger signal alerting the innate immunity. Low pH may thus contribute to @entity32 in @entity520 -associated pathologies such as @entity731 and post- @entity63 inflammatory responses.

title: Extracellular XXXX is a novel danger signal alerting innate immunity via the @entity5704 inflammasome.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8487 :: ('MESH:D010677', 'Disease') :: ['Acidic extracellular pH']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity7999 :: ('MESH:C040929', 'Chemical') :: ['bafilomycin A1']

answer: @entity520 :: (MESH:D000138,Disease) :: ['acidosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Febrile @entity410 is the most common neurologic problem in @entity1 between 3 months to 5 years old. Two to five percent of @entity1 aged less than five yr old will experience it at least one time. This type of @entity410 is age dependent and its recurrence rate is about 33% overalls and 50% in @entity1 less than one yr old. The prophylactic treatment is still controversial, so we conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial to find out the effectiveness of continuous @entity109 versus intermittent @entity3175 for febrile @entity410 . MATERIALS _ METHODS: This clinical trial was conducted in the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran between March 2008 and October 2010. All @entity1 from 6 month to 5 yr old referred to Amirkola @entity1 's Hospital, Babol, Iran were enrolled in the study. @entity1 with febrile @entity410 that had indication for prophylaxis but did not receive any prophylaxis previously were enrolled in the study. For prophylactic anti @entity410 therapy, @entity1 were divided randomly in two groups. One group received continuous @entity109 and another treated with intermittent @entity3175 whenever the @entity1 experienced an episode of @entity221 for up to one year after their last @entity410 . RESULTS: Of all 145 studied cases, the recurrent rate in @entity1 under prophylaxis with @entity3175 was 11/71 and in @entity109 group was 17/74. There was no significant difference in the recurrence rate in both groups. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in the effectiveness of @entity109 and @entity3175 in prevention of recurrent in febrile @entity410 and we think that in respect of lower complication rate in @entity3175 administration, it cloud be better choice than @entity109 .

title: Intermittent XXXX versus Continuous @entity109 to Prevent Recurrence of @entity410 : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'convulsion']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness']

answer: @entity3175 :: (MESH:D003975,Chemical) :: ['Diazepam']


abstract: Based on three experiments, this study examined whether behavioral and histological effects of fetal septal or hippocampal grafts placed in the denervated hippocampus depend on the duration of post-grafting delays. Each experiment included four groups of @entity35 : sham-operated @entity35 (Sham), @entity35 with aspirative lesions of the fimbria-fornix (Fifo) and @entity35 given both Fifo lesions and intrahippocampal fetal suspension grafts of either septal (Fifo.ST) or hippocampal (Fifo. @entity101 ) origin. All @entity35 were tested (i) for home cage activity, (ii) for activity and reactivity in an open field and (iii) for learning ability in a 8-arm radial maze. Except for home cage activity which was also monitored preoperatively, behavioral tests were conducted between 1-2 months postgrafting in Experiment 1 ( @entity13572 ), 5-6 months post-grafting in Experiment 2 (EXP2) and 10-11 months post-grafting in Experiment 3 (EXP3). Each test period lasted 3 weeks. Histological controls consisted of @entity4833 ( @entity4833 ) and @entity10371 staining. Graft size was estimated by computerized image analysis. Normal @entity35 performed well in each experiment. In all experiments, @entity35 with @entity75 showed increased activity in both their familiar (home cage) and unfamiliar (open field) environments, and their performances in the radial maze task were impaired. In no experiment did grafts, whether hippocampal or septal, affect "noncognitive" behavioral variables. However, maze performance was improved by hippocampal grafts in @entity13572 (short delay) and by septal grafts in EXP2 (intermediate delay). No graft-induced effect was found in EXP3 (long delay). Concerning @entity4833 -positivity in the dorsal hippocampus, @entity75 reduced staining densities by at least 60%. Both types of grafts were undiscernably @entity4833 -positive, but only septal grafts provided the denervated hippocampus with a significant @entity4833 -positive fiber ingrowth. Differences among groups in density of hippocampal @entity4833 staining were comparable in all three experiments and no correlation between hippocampal @entity4833 -positivity and maze performance was found. Our results suggest that graft-induced recovery from behavioral effects of @entity75 may depend on both the type of tissue implanted (hippocampal vs septal) and the post-grafting delay (1-2, 5-6 and 10-11 months). The recovery observed at a short post-grafting delay with hippocampal grafts and at a longer post-grafting delay with septal grafts was not persistent and concerned only cognitive function as assessed by radial maze performance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Time-dependent effects of intrahippocampal grafts in @entity35 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['fimbria-fornix lesions']

entities_list: @entity10371 :: ('MESH:C028911', 'Chemical') :: ['cresyl violet']

entities_list: @entity4833 :: ('83817(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['AChE', 'acetylcholinesterase']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['fimbria-fornix lesions']


abstract: The frequencies of chromosome 9 abnormalities in @entity1 with @entity1503 have constituted: 25/112 in @entity981 ( @entity981 ), 10/83--in @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), 3/20--in @entity417 ( @entity417 ). The frequency of deletions was higher than of translocations in @entity981 . Deletions were found as sole abnormalities as in complexity karyotypes. More often the rearrangements affected bands 9q34 and 9q22. Translocation t (9;22)(q34; q11) occured in 7.1% cases @entity981 . In @entity3052 the translocations were detected with greater frequency than deletions. The long arm bands 9q22 and 9q34 were more often involved in structural rearrangements. Deletions, translocations and duplications were registered in @entity4289 . Comparison with clinical features showed no correlation with age and the main hematological indexes including the amount of blast cells in initial period. Multidrug resistance and disease progression during chemotherapy were noted in t (9;22).

title: [Rearrangements of chromosome 9 in different XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['refractory anemia', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological neoplasia']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['hematological neoplasia']


abstract: Two occupational field studies were conducted to determine the effects of @entity8441 ( @entity8653 ) exposure on male reproductive potential. The first study was a longitudinal study of 10 EDB-exposed forestry employees and 6 unexposed @entity1 conducted in Colorado in the summer of 1983. The exposure time was approximately 6 weeks. The second study was a cross-sectional study of 46 EDB-exposed @entity2732 workers and 43 unexposed @entity1 conducted in Hawaii in December 1983 in which the average term of employment was about 5 years. In the longitudinal study, sperm velocity decreased in all 10 exposed @entity1 and in only two unexposed @entity1 . Semen volume was also decreased in 9 of the 10 exposed @entity1 (there was no change in the other @entity1 ); only two unexposed @entity1 had a decrease in their semen volume. The longer term EDB exposure resulted in decreases in sperm motility and viability, suggesting that the short term exposure may slow sperm velocity, but longer exposures cause immotility and cell death. An apparent decrease in semen volume that was observed in the longitudinal study was not statistically significant in the cross sectional study of workers having chronic exposure. However, a significantly higher semen pH was observed in the exposed @entity1 compared to the unexposed @entity1 in the cross-sectional study. The results from both studies suggest that the accessory sex glands may be affected by EDB exposure.

title: The effects of XXXX on semen quality: a comparison of short-term and chronic exposure.

entities_list: @entity8441 :: ('MESH:D015946', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene dibromide']

answer: @entity8441 :: (MESH:D015946,Chemical) :: ['ethylene dibromide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine cross-sectional @entity2690 pump prevalence and factors associated with measures of glycemic control as a secondary analysis in a long-standing type 1 @entity6 (T1DM) national cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Canadian @entity1 with >= 50 years of T1DM (n   =   305) were administered a comprehensive mail-based questionnaire including acquisition of contemporaneous laboratory results. Factors associated with pump use, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and @entity4053 were analyzed by regression. RESULTS: The 305 @entity1 had a median age of 65 [interquartile range, 59, 71] years, median @entity6 duration of 54 [51, 59] years, and mean @entity4051 c level of 7.5        1.1%. Prevalence of pump use was 44% (133/305), with median duration of use 8 [4, 13] years. Compared with the non-pump subgroup, the pump subgroup had numerically lower but similar HbA1c levels (7.4        0.9% vs. 7.6        1.2%; P   =   0.22) and reported greater numbers of minor @entity4053 events (6.5 vs. 5.1 events/ @entity1  month; P   =   0.004) and fewer severe @entity4053 events (0.5 vs. 1.3 events/ @entity1  year; P   =   0.02) in the past year. More frequent daily @entity413 tests and more frequent minor @entity4053 events-but not pump therapy or its prescription parameters-were independently associated with lower HbA1c level in multivariable regression. However, use of @entity2690 pump and habitual use of continuous @entity413 monitoring (>= 1 week/month) were each independently associated with lower risk of severe @entity4053 (risk ratio   =   0.50 [P   <   0.0001] and 0.30 [P   =   0.001], respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2690 pump and continuous @entity413 monitoring technologies were associated with lower risk of severe @entity4053 , while frequent daily @entity413 testing was associated with lower HbA1c level. These findings imply that basic self-management skill and technology play complementary roles in glycemic control among older adults with long-standing T1DM.

title: Prevalence of @entity2690 Pump Therapy and Its Association with Measures of Glycemic Control: Results from the Canadian Study of Longevity in Type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: In isolated perfused @entity35 hearts reperfusion of the occluded left coronary artery led to @entity943 , their severity depending on the duration of the foregoing period of @entity296 . Simultaneously, high activities of the myocardial enzyme @entity908 kinase (CK) were released into the perfusion fluid. @entity3160 , blocking mainly alpha 1-adrenoceptors, and @entity3160 , blocking mainly alpha 2-adrenoceptors, concentration-dependently antagonized the reperfusion-induced @entity943 (3-30 mumol/l). The most severe kind of @entity943 , i.e., @entity2224 was completely prevented by 30 mumol/l of either drug. Also @entity943 occurring already during the period of @entity1563 were antagonized, as tested with @entity3160 . The @entity10343 blocking agent @entity1406 (1, and 10 mumol/l) had no effect at all against @entity943 , and the mainly alpha 1-adrenoceptor stimulating agent @entity2647 markedly increased the severity of these rhythm disturbances. The release of @entity908 kinase during the coronary reperfusion was significantly decreased by @entity3160 , while the effect of @entity3160 was smaller and non-significant. @entity2647 markedly increased the enzyme leakage from the myocardium. In all hearts the extent of the ischaemic and @entity39 areas was determined. The percentage of the previously ischaemic area found @entity39 at the end of the reperfusion, depended on the duration of the @entity1563 . @entity3160 in a highly significant way decreased the area of @entity296 , an effect obtained to some extent also with @entity3160 . The findings suggest that alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation is involved in the genesis of @entity943 and @entity296 associated with @entity296 and reperfusion. Possible mechanisms of action of @entity3160 and @entity3160 are discussed, especially in view of the interrelationship between alpha-adrenoceptors and slow @entity460 channels.

title: Antagonistic effects of alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agents on XXXX , enzyme release, and @entity296 in isolated @entity35 hearts with @entity1563 and reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['Corynanthine', 'rauwolscine', 'corynanthine']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia', 'myocardial necrosis', 'myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine', 'Phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia', 'reperfusion arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity413 is an accepted osmotic agent for @entity298 ( @entity298 ) although it has several drawbacks. Some of these drawbacks have been addressed by the introduction of solutions with low @entity413 degradation products and physiological pH in dual-chambered bags. Despite this achievement, there is a need for alternative osmotic agents.This randomized clinical trial analyzes 3-month's clinical experience with a mixture of 0.6% @entity1522 and 1.4% @entity653 . METHODS: The study was performed at the renal units of the University Hospitals Ghent, Belgium, and Utrecht, The Netherlands. Stable @entity298 @entity1 were randomized for either protocol A (test solution, n = 5) or protocol B (control regimen, n = 5). In both protocols, there was a run-in phase of 1 month with a dialysis regimen of 2 x 2 L 2.27% @entity413 solution (Dianeal; Baxter, Nivelles, Belgium), 1 x 2 L Extraneal (Baxter), and 1 x 2 L @entity413 solution (Dianeal). After this month-long run-in period, @entity1 in group A received during 3 months 2 x 2 L @entity535 / @entity653 solution, 1 x 2 L Extraneal, and at least 1 x 2 L of a classic @entity413 solution. RESULTS: @entity413 absorption decreased in the test group during the test phase (from 84.2 +/- 8.7 to 11.7 +/- 11.6 g/24 hours, p = 0.001). Dialysate levels of cancer antigen 125 ( @entity10224 ) increased in the test group, from 17.5 +/- 11.0 to 32.4 +/- 4.6 units/L (p = 0.04), whereas, in the control group, the levels remained stable (15.5 +/- 8.7 and 14.9 +/- 9.8 units/L respectively, p = 0.4). There were no differences in serum @entity1133 , serum @entity3157 , serum osmolarity, serum albumin, or parameters related to skin-fold thickness or serum @entity653 levels between control and test solutions. No differences were observed in obtained ultrafiltration after a 4-hour dwell with 2.27% @entity413 or the test solution, both measured at week 4 of the run-in period and week 12 of the test period. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the use of a new 0.6% @entity535 /1.4% @entity653 -containing dialysis solution is safe and well tolerated. @entity413 load was reduced significantly and dialysate @entity10224 levels improved significantly. Ultrafiltration was comparable with that of a 2.27% @entity413 solution. All these factors, in combination with the potential nutritional benefits, can contribute to a beneficial impact on the success of the @entity298 technique. Further long-term studies in larger @entity1 groups are warranted to explore the potential of this promising new solution.

title: A randomized clinical trial with a 0.6% @entity535 / 1.4% XXXX @entity298 solution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity653 :: (MESH:D005990,Chemical) :: ['glycerol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of evaluating @entity741 -reperfusion injury in @entity19 with targeted myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE). METHODS: Phospholipid microbubbles targeted to P-selectin ( @entity10927 ) and control microbubbles (MBc) were created by conjugating monoclonal antibody against @entity19 P-selectin or isotype control antibody with the lipid shell via "avidin- @entity1885 " bridging. Ten @entity19 with @entity741 -reperfusion were injected intravenously of @entity10927 and MBc in a random order with a 30 min interval. After 5 min of intravenous injection of microbubble, targeted MCE imaging was performed in all @entity19 . And then the video intensity (VI) was determined. RESULTS: A significant ultrasonic enhancement was observed in ischemic region of @entity10927 -group. Increment in VI value of @entity63 region in @entity10927 -group was great and it amounted to (26.0 +/- 6.2) U. However, increment in VI value of @entity63 region in MBc-group was minor and it was merely (9.1 +/- 0.9) U. Difference was evident in @entity63 region between of two groups (P < 0.05). In both @entity10927 -group and MBc-group, the VI value of @entity63 region was significantly greater than that of non-ischemic region (6.5 +/- 1.0) U vs (6.4 +/- 0.8) U (P < 0.05). There was no obvious difference in the VI of non-ischemic region between two groups. CONCLUSION: Molecular imaging of P-selectin with targeted contrast echocardiography can effectively evaluate @entity741 -reperfusion injury.

title: [Evaluation of @entity741 -reperfusion injury in XXXX by molecular imaging of P-selectin with targeted contrast echocardiography].

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity348 is an extremely rare injury that occurs after a high-energy @entity130 . There are few reported cases in literature and there is no consensus as to the appropriate treatment of the extruded talus. Historically, the treatment options for open @entity3029 have been limited to talectomy and fusion or reimplantation after thorough debridement. We report a case of an open dislocation of the talus with total talar extrusion. Immediate surgical debridement, reduction, and external fixation were performed under antibiotic coverage. Antibiotic-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate beads were implanted and the wound underwent a second debridement and delayed primary closure at 48 hours post injury. The @entity1 remained in an external fixator for 6 weeks. She was subsequently placed in a cast and remained non-weight bearing for an additional 6 weeks. Her wound healed uneventfully and she was permitted to begin progressive weight bearing at 12 weeks. The @entity1 did not develop an @entity2530 . Literature cites @entity2530 as the main complications associated with a talar extrusion. Good open fracture protocol can reduce the risk of @entity281 . Reduction of the extruded talus is preferable to preserve function and maintain normal hindfoot anatomy. Talectomy should be reserved as a salvage procedure. LEVEL OF CLINICAL EVIDENCE: 4.

title: XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['total talar dislocation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['Total talar extrusion']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['infection or avascular necrosis', 'infection and avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['Total talar extrusion']


abstract: @entity3931 is a @entity7236 derivative that shows a preferential cerebrovascular activity in experimental animals. Clinical data suggest that @entity3931 has a beneficial effect on the neurologic outcome of @entity1 suffering an acute @entity385 . Our double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter trial was designed to assess the effects of oral @entity3931 on the mortality rate and neurologic outcome of @entity1 with an acute @entity385 . One hundred sixty-four @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive either @entity3931 tablets (30 mg q.i.d.) or identical placebo tablets for 28 days. Treatment was always started less than or equal to 48 hours after the acute event. The Mathew Scale, slightly modified by Gelmers et al, was used for neurologic assessment. Mortality rate and neurologic outcome after 28 days were used as evaluation criteria. We considered 123 @entity1 to be valid for the analysis of efficacy. Mortality rates did not differ significantly between groups. Neurologic outcome after 28 days of therapy did not differ between groups. However, when only those @entity1 most likely to benefit from any intervention (Mathew Scale sum score of less than or equal to 65 at baseline) were analyzed separately in post hoc-defined subgroups, the @entity3931 -treated subgroups showed a significantly better neurologic outcome. This result suggests that some @entity1 with acute @entity385 will benefit from treatment with @entity3931 tablets.

title: Placebo-controlled trial of XXXX in the treatment of acute @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7236 :: ('MESH:C038806', 'Chemical') :: ['1,4-dihydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine', 'Nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity3931 :: (MESH:D009553,Chemical) :: ['nimodipine']


abstract: Dextran glucosidase from @entity6586 (SmDG) catalyzes the hydrolysis of an a-1,6-glucosidic linkage at the nonreducing end of isomaltooligosaccharides and dextran. This enzyme has an @entity2574 -194 catalytic nucleophile and two catalytically unrelated @entity2569 residues, @entity2569 -129 and @entity2569 -532. @entity2569 -free SmDG was constructed by replacement with Ser ( @entity31153 / @entity31154 (2CS), the activity of which was the same as that of the wild type, SmDG). The nucleophile mutant of 2CS was generated by substitution of @entity2574 -194 with @entity2569 (D194C-2CS). The hydrolytic activity of D194C-2CS was 8.1 * 10(-4) % of 2CS. KI-associated oxidation of D194C-2CS increased the activity up to 0.27% of 2CS, which was 330 times higher than D194C-2CS. Peptide-mapping mass analysis of the oxidized D194C-2CS (Ox-D194C-2CS) revealed that @entity2569 -194 was converted into @entity15755 . Ox-D194C-2CS and 2CS shared the same properties (optimum pH, pI, and substrate specificity), whereas Ox-D194C-2CS had much higher transglucosylation activity than 2CS. This is the first study indicating that a more acidic nucleophile (-SOO(-)) enhances transglycosylation. The introduction of @entity15755 as a catalytic nucleophile could be a novel approach to enhance transglycosylation.

title: Replacement of the catalytic nucleophile aspartyl residue of dextran glucosidase by XXXX enhances transglycosylation activity.

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans']

entities_list: @entity15755 :: ('MESH:C013461', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine sulfinate']

answer: @entity15755 :: (MESH:C013461,Chemical) :: ['cysteine sulfinate']


abstract: Among receptors mediating @entity750 actions in @entity158 control, the @entity750 (7)R is of special interest because it is expressed by primary afferent fibers and intrinsic GABAergic and opioidergic interneurons within the spinal dorsal horn. Herein, we investigated whether @entity1246 and/or opioids contribute to @entity750 (7)R-mediated control of @entity9 caused by nerve ligation. Acute administration of @entity750 (7)R agonists (AS-19, MSD-5a, @entity34026 ) was found to markedly reduce mechanical and thermal @entity1931 in @entity35 with unilateral constriction @entity1930 (CCI-SN). In contrast, mechanical @entity56 caused by unilateral constriction injury to the infraorbital nerve was essentially unaffected by these ligands. Further characterization of the anti- @entity1931 effect of @entity750 (7)R activation by the selective agonist @entity34026 showed that it was associated with a decrease in IL-1   mRNA overexpression in ipsilateral L4-L6 dorsal root ganglia and lumbar dorsal horn in CCI-SN @entity35 . In addition, @entity34026 diminished CCI-SN-associated increase in @entity5019 immunolabeling in superficial laminae of the lumbar dorsal horn and the locus coeruleus, but increased @entity5019 immunolabeling in the nucleus tractus solitarius and the parabrachial area in both control and CCI-SN @entity35 . When injected intrathecally (i.t.), @entity1027 (3  g i.t.), but neither @entity19666 (5  g i.t.) nor @entity1510 (10  g i.t.), significantly reduced the anti- @entity1931 effects of @entity750 (7)R activation ( @entity34026 , 10 mg/kg s.c.) in CCI-SN @entity35 . These data support the idea that @entity750 (7)R-mediated inhibitory control of @entity9 is underlain by excitation of GABAergic interneurons within the dorsal horn. In addition, @entity750 (7)R activation-induced c- @entity5019 increase in the nucleus tractus solitarius and the parabrachial area suggests that supraspinal mechanisms might also be involved.

title: @entity1246 , but not opioids, mediates the anti- @entity1931 effects of 5-HT7 receptor activation in XXXX suffering from @entity9 .

entities_list: @entity1930 :: ('MESH:D020426', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the sciatic nerve']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'hyperalgesic']

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity19666 :: ('MESH:C052329', 'Chemical') :: ['phaclofen']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Although tricyclic antidepressants remain a principal mode of treatment of @entity308 in the elderly, concomitant medical illness in this subgroup creates particular concern regarding the safety of these drugs. @entity11886 has gained favour for use in the geriatric population due to claims of low cardiovascular side effects. This perceived safety has been questioned, however, since few investigators have actually reviewed plasma levels. A recent finding of interest revealed that two @entity1 on 150 mg of doxepin daily with assured compliance had undetectable levels of doxepin or desmethyldoxepin in their plasma. A prospective study was consequently undertaken to compare oral doses and plasma levels of doxepin with @entity5829 as a standard reference compound. Data was collected for 19 females (12 on doxepin, seven on @entity5829 ) and 12 males (five on doxepin, seven on @entity5829 ) with a mean age of 76. Eight @entity1 on doxepin showed undetectable plasma levels as compared with none on @entity5829 . This is a highly significant difference. Although the therapeutic plasma range for doxepin remains controversial, it is unlikely that @entity1 can respond to levels of zero. The authors recommend routine monitoring of doxepin levels in the elderly and question poor bioavailability or absorption of this tricyclic antidepressant in some @entity1 .

title: Comparative plasma levels of XXXX and @entity5829 in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

answer: @entity11886 :: (MESH:D004316,Chemical) :: ['doxepin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Two transcription factors in the type I interferon pathway, @entity22367 and @entity7116 , have been genetically associated with susceptibility to both @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and @entity309 ( @entity309 ). This study aimed to determine whether these two genes interact with each other to affect the disease susceptibilities. METHODS: The genetic interactions between @entity22367 and @entity7116 polymorphisms in @entity1252 and @entity309 susceptibility were examined using the epistasis options in PLINK software. This study analyzes the genetic data from 2558 unrelated Korean @entity1 including 589 @entity1252 @entity1 , 987 @entity309 @entity1 , and 982 controls. RESULTS: All 12 polymorphisms were individually associated with @entity1252 susceptibility (p   =   2.49       10(-8) to 0.00360). Among the three @entity1252 -associated polymorphisms of @entity22367 , @entity30690 , alternatively called CGGGG(3-4) indel, exhibited the lowest p value (4.60       10(-5)) and accounted for the observed associations of the other two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Among the nine @entity1252 -associated SNPs of @entity7116 , @entity30691 exhibited the lowest p value (2.49       10(-8)) and accounted for all the other associations. These two polymorphisms, @entity30690 of @entity22367 and @entity30691 of @entity7116 , interacted with each other for @entity1252 susceptibility in a redundant manner (ORinteraction   =   0.77, P epistasis   =   0.040). Furthermore, these two polymorphisms, which had been individually associated with @entity309 susceptibility, also interacted for @entity309 susceptibility in the same manner (ORinteraction   =   0.75, P epistasis   =   0.014). CONCLUSIONS: A redundant interaction between @entity22367 and @entity7116 polymorphisms was found in susceptibility to the type I interferon pathway-associated rheumatic @entity792 , @entity1252 and @entity309 , calling for further studies on confirmation of these findings.

title: A redundant epistatic interaction between XXXX and @entity7116 of the type I interferon pathway in susceptibility to lupus and @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity22367 :: (3663,Gene) :: ['IRF5']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A number of clinical and histological studies have investigated caries-related changes in the primary tooth pulp, but the effect of caries site, as a clinical variable, has not been previously considered. This study sought to compare inflammatory changes within the pulp of primary molars according to the location of the @entity75 (occlusal or proximal). METHODS: Eighty-three primary molars were extracted under general anaesthesia for caries and/or orthodontic reasons, and were split immediately after removal and fixed in 10% @entity406 . Teeth were then decalcified, sectioned, and stained with @entity6175 and @entity1711 for histological examination using light microscopy. Caries depth was measured using a graticle, and the site of the @entity75 noted as occlusal or proximal. Samples were further classified into one of five subgroups according to the observed degree of @entity32 . RESULTS: Key findings were that where @entity1547 was less than 50% of the total dentine thickness, there were no significant differences in inflammatory status according to caries site. In contrast, marked inflammatory changes were significantly more likely throughout the coronal pulp of teeth with proximal caries compared to teeth with occlusal caries where @entity1547 was equal to, or greater than, 50% of the total dentine thickness (P = 0.017, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSION: Primary teeth with proximal carious lesions extending more than 50% through the dentine thickness appear to have more extensive inflammatory pulpal changes than teeth with occlusal caries of a similar depth. This finding has clinical implications and may help inform treatment decisions in the management of primary teeth with deep carious lesions.

title: Histological comparison of XXXX in primary teeth with occlusal or proximal caries.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['pulpal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['caries lesion']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['caries depth']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['pulpal inflammation']


abstract: This study examines the role of @entity10813 (1-13) and @entity34657 in the neuroendocrine regulation of anterior pituitary hormones in nonrestrained, adult male @entity2608 . The effects of these opioids on plasma concentrations of prolactin ( @entity34658 ), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), @entity7287 (TSH) and growth hormone (GH) were assessed. Intravenous administration of @entity10813 (1-13), 1-120 micrograms/kg, significantly increased plasma @entity34658 levels. Average maximal increases of 90-230% occurred within 5 min and levels remained significantly elevated for up to 120 min. @entity34658 response reached a plateau following the 30 micrograms/kg dose. @entity24566 had no observable effects on plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, TSH or GH at any dose level studied. Administration of @entity34657 produced significant dose-dependent increases in plasma @entity34658 concentrations. Dose levels of 1-120 micrograms/kg produced mean peak increases from 100 to 230%, 5-10 min postadministration. @entity34657 had no significant effect on plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, TSH or GH. The increases in plasma @entity34658 concentrations induced by @entity10813 were @entity1510 -reversible. These results indicate a selective effect of @entity10813 on the regulatory mechanisms of @entity34658 secretion over that of other anterior pituitary hormones.

title: Consequence of @entity10813 administration on anterior pituitary hormone concentrations in the adult male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity34657 :: ('MESH:C039666', 'Chemical') :: ['Dynorphin-A(1-10)-amide', 'dynorphin-A(1-10)-amide']

entities_list: @entity10813 :: ('MESH:D004399', 'Chemical') :: ['dynorphin-A']

entities_list: @entity7287 :: ('MESH:D013972', 'Chemical') :: ['thyrotropin']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkey']


abstract: Galectins are a family of @entity28073 -binding proteins that are widely found among animal species and that regulate diverse biological phenomena. To study the biological function of glycolipid-binding galectins, we purified recombinant @entity2199 galectins (LEC-1-11) and studied their binding to @entity2199 glycolipids. We found that @entity28074 binds to glycolipids in @entity2199 through @entity1735 recognition. It has been reported that Cry5B-producing @entity11137 strains can infect @entity2199 and that the @entity2199 Cry5B receptor molecules are glycolipids. We found that Cry5B and @entity28074 bound to @entity2199 glycolipid-coated plates in a dose-dependent manner and that Cry5B binding to glycolipids was inhibited by the addition of @entity28074 . @entity28074 is usually expressed strongly in the pharyngeal-intestinal valve and intestinal-rectal valve and is expressed weakly in intestine. However, when @entity2199 were fed @entity526 expressing Cry5B, intestinal @entity28074 ::EGFP protein levels increased markedly. In contrast, @entity28074 ::EGFP expression triggered by Cry5B was reduced in toxin-resistant @entity2199 mutants, which had mutations in genes involved in biosynthesis of glycolipids. Moreover, the @entity28074 -deficient mutant was more susceptible to Cry5B than wild-type worms. These results suggest that the glycolipid-binding lectin @entity28074 contributes to host defense against @entity2348 by competitive binding to target glycolipid molecules.

title: A XXXX glycolipid-binding galectin functions in host defense against @entity2348 .

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['C. elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity11137 :: ('1428', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus thuringiensis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity28073 :: ('MESH:C007816', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-galactoside']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The first double-J (DJ) stents were manufactured in 1978. Their J-shaped @entity3455 efficiently prevent their migration from kidneys and from the urinary bladder. Nowadays, DJ stents are in common use because they provide efficient and relatively safe urinary derivation between the kidney and the urinary bladder. We report this case with the aim to point out possible serious complications with long-term indwelling stents. CASE REPORT: The @entity1 was admitted to hospital five years after the placement of DJ in a bad general condition, with symptoms of @entity298 . Radiological examination (plain abdominal film, computerized tomography, excretory urogram and cystography) showed bulky @entity9279 at each tip of the stent, affunctional right kidney, vesicoureteral reflux through the DJ stent and ureter all the way to the right kidney, as well as a large amount of turbid liquid in the abdomen. In the course of the operation, the bulky stone with the DJ stent was removed form the urinary bladder, followed by a large amount of turbid liquid extracted from the abdomen. During adhesiolysis, a small intraperitoneal perforation through which a tip of the stent prolapsed, was found on the upper pole of the kidney. After that, nefrectomy was performed. The @entity1 was discharged 18 days after the surgery. CONCLUSION: There are usually no complications with short-term DJ stent urinary drainage. However, indwelling DJ stents can cause serious complications, such as migration, incrustration and fragmentation. DJ indwelling should be as short as possible. If indwelling stenting is necessary, the DJ stent should be replaced with a new one in due time, or another kind of derivation should be performed. Careful monitoring of @entity1 could exclude any possibility of a stent being forgotten at all.

title: Long-term indwelling double-J stents: bulky kidney and urinary bladder calculosis, spontaneous intraperitoneal perforation of the kidney and XXXX as a result of "forgotten" double-J stent.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity9279 :: ('MESH:D020347', 'Disease') :: ['calculosis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritonitis']


abstract: In a prospective, multicentre double-blind trial, 151 @entity1 over the age of 65 years were randomly assigned to receive either @entity6944 2 g every 12 h for a minimum of 3 days and up to 14 days or @entity2756 1 g every 12 h for a minimum of 3 days and up to 14 days. Antibiotics were maintained until 48 h after fever had resolved; no other antibiotics were permitted. The average age in each group exceeded 77 years and significant co-morbidity was found in the majority of @entity1 . The mean total duration of therapy was 5.8+/-2.4 days for the @entity6944 group and 6.7+/-2.7 days for the @entity2756 group (P = 0.06). The clinical success rate at the end of therapy was 79.1% with @entity6944 and 75.4% with @entity2756 (P = 0.62). At the end of follow-up, 91.7% of the @entity6944 -treated @entity1 and 86.5% of the @entity2756 @entity1 had a satisfactory clinical response (P = 0.38). In 35 bacteriological evaluable @entity1 , potential pathogens were eradicated in all but one @entity1 receiving @entity6944 . Seven @entity1 in each group died during the study period but in each case the @entity204 was unrelated to study drug. The commonest side-effect was @entity294 ( @entity6944 , five @entity1 ; @entity2756 , two @entity1 ). The clinical and microbiological efficacy of @entity6944 is similar to that of @entity2756 in elderly @entity1 with community-acquired @entity55 requiring hospitalization. @entity6944 is an appropriate choice for the treatment of community-acquired @entity1729 in the elderly.

title: Treatment of community-acquired @entity55 in the elderly: the role of XXXX , a fourth-generation cephalosporin.

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity6944 :: ('MESH:C043266', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefepime', 'cefepime']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

answer: @entity6944 :: (MESH:C043266,Chemical) :: ['cefepime']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Catheter-related @entity295 is the most frequent complication in @entity1 receiving @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) for @entity5277 ( @entity5277 ). A low-grade systemic inflammatory state and an altered mucosal immune response, as well as diminished intestinal barrier function have been characterized in these @entity1 . The possibility of systemic immunocompromise has only recently been suggested. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 45-year-old female with traumatic @entity5277 was admitted for possible catheter-related @entity295 . She was asplenic and had @entity1723 as a result of a pancreatic resection. A large skin ulceration was present on her left @entity291 , which appeared unusual for a disseminated @entity2348 . Chest x-ray and computed tomography scan revealed multiple @entity358 consistent with @entity364 . Blood cultures from the port system and from the peripheral blood grew @entity5939 and @entity4278 . The port system was removed, and @entity9309 and @entity5074 were given for 33 and 35 days, respectively. Clinical signs of disseminated @entity295 resolved slowly. Bone marrow biopsy ruled out primary @entity1503 . CONCLUSIONS: (1) Catheter-related @entity295 in @entity1 on @entity3147 is usually caused by Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria or by Candida species. Identification of molds in blood cultures strongly suggests Fusarium species, which should be treated appropriately with @entity5074 or @entity2379 . (2) @entity3147 and @entity5277 aggravated by @entity6 can cause severe immunocompromise. (3) Fusaria have a strong tendency to persist or reappear after bone marrow transplantation, which is therefore relatively contraindicated in these @entity1 .

title: How immunocompromised are short bowel @entity1 receiving XXXX ? Apropos a case of disseminated @entity4278 @entity295 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['asplenism and diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disease']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['subpleural pulmonary infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial or fungal dissemination']

entities_list: @entity4278 :: ('5507', 'Species') :: ['Fusarium oxysporum']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['HPN', 'home parenteral nutrition']

entities_list: @entity9309 :: ('MESH:D005436', 'Chemical') :: ['flucloxacillin']

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['SBS', 'short bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity5939 :: ('1283', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus haemolyticus']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['home parenteral nutrition']


abstract: Extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) has been hypothesized to have chemopreventive effects on @entity0 , unlike high @entity4336 oil ( @entity264 ) diets that stimulate it. We have investigated mechanisms of these differential modulatory actions on experimental mammary @entity5 . In @entity3653 @entity420 of @entity35 fed a high EVOO, @entity264 and control diets (n = 20 for each group), we have analyzed the expression and activity of ErbB receptors, @entity3803 and its @entity2508 , @entity2308 and @entity31805 /B effectors by immunoblotting analyses. We explored the Ha-ras1 mutation status by Southern blot, mismatch amplification mutation assay and sequencing, and the @entity2453 reductase and squalene synthase messenger RNA expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction. We analyzed the @entity5 mitotic index, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels, and apoptosis through Caspase-3 analysis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity9342 nick end labeling assays. Finally, we measured the @entity20821 levels. Non-parametrical statistics were used. The EVOO diet decreased Ras activation, downregulated the Ras/ @entity4357 3-kinase/ @entity2308 pathway and upregulated the Raf/Erk pathway, compared with the control. In contrast, the @entity264 diet did not modify Ras activity but rather enhanced the Raf/Erk pathway. The EVOO diet decreased the cleaved ErbB4 levels, compared with the @entity264 diet, increased apoptosis and diminished the mono-ubiquitylated PCNA levels, which is related to DNA damage. @entity5 from @entity35 fed the EVOO diet displayed a more benign phenotype, whereas those from @entity35 fed the @entity264 diet were biologically more aggressive. In conclusion, high EVOO and @entity4336 oil diets exert their modulatory effects on @entity0 through a different combination of Ras signaling pathways, a different proliferation-apoptosis balance and probably distinct levels of DNA damage.

title: Dietary olive oil and XXXX oil differentially affect experimental @entity0 through distinct modulation of the @entity3803 signaling and the proliferation-apoptosis balance.

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene']

entities_list: @entity20821 :: ('MESH:C067134', 'Chemical') :: ["8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine"]

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2508 :: ('50689;116590', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity9342 :: ('MESH:C027078', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyuridine triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidyl inositol']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2453 :: ('MESH:C008047', 'Chemical') :: ['3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A']

answer: @entity4336 :: (381124,Species) :: ['corn']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ability of modified @entity227 ( @entity12385 ; ie, consuming 25% of energy needs on the fast day and ad libitum food intake on the following day) to facilitate @entity353 and @entity455 risk in @entity28 individuals remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of @entity12385 that is administered under controlled compared with self-implemented conditions on body weight and @entity453 ( @entity453 ) risk indicators in @entity28 adults. DESIGN: Sixteen @entity28 subjects (12 @entity1 , 4 @entity1 ) completed a 10-wk trial, which consisted of 3 phases: 1) a 2-wk control phase, 2) a 4-wk @entity353 / @entity12385 controlled food intake phase, and 3) a 4-wk @entity353 / @entity12385 self-selected food intake phase. RESULTS: Dietary adherence remained high throughout the controlled food intake phase (days adherent: 86%) and the self-selected food intake phase (days adherent: 89%). The rate of @entity353 remained constant during controlled food intake (0.67 +/- 0.1 kg/wk) and self-selected food intake phases (0.68 +/- 0.1 kg/wk). Body weight decreased (P < 0.001) by 5.6 +/- 1.0 kg (5.8 +/- 1.1%) after 8 wk of diet. Percentage body fat decreased (P < 0.01) from 45 +/- 2% to 42 +/- 2%. Total @entity165 , LDL @entity165 , and @entity1674 concentrations decreased (P < 0.01) by 21 +/- 4%, 25 +/- 10%, and 32 +/- 6%, respectively, after 8 wk of @entity12385 , whereas HDL @entity165 remained unchanged. Systolic blood pressure decreased (P < 0.05) from 124 +/- 5 to 116 +/- 3 mm Hg. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that @entity12385 is a viable diet option to help @entity28 individuals lose weight and decrease @entity453 risk. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as UIC-004-2009.

title: Short-term modified XXXX : a novel dietary strategy for @entity353 and cardioprotection in @entity28 adults.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['alternate-day fasting']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['lower vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['alternate-day fasting']


abstract: This study tested the specific and combined effects of @entity251 treatment and hindlimb suspension (HS) on the properties of @entity134 receptors in skeletal muscle. Male @entity35 were either administered weekly high doses of @entity2609 (10 mg x kg(-1)) or olive oil placebo, and were either tail-suspended or acted as controls. After 3 weeks of treatment, three muscles were excised from each animal, soleus (SOL), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and plantaris. The results showed that the @entity251 treatment was unable to minimise the HS-induced @entity194 of skeletal muscle. As expected, HS altered the fibre-type composition of SOL muscles (-33% of type I, +188% and +161% of type IIa and intermediate fibres respectively, P < 0.01). No overall effect of treatment was detected on the fibre-type composition of either slow or fast-twitch muscles. Binding capacity determined by a radiocompetition technique was increased by HS, especially in SOL and EDL muscles (P < 0.01), while HS or @entity134 treatment decreased the affinity of the @entity134 receptors. The combination of HS and @entity251 administration resulted in a decrease in binding capacity and affinity of @entity134 receptors in skeletal muscles. @entity134 receptors in fast-twitch muscles exhibited a higher affinity than those in slow-twitch muscles, and it is suggested that it is likely that @entity251 treatment is more effective in fast-twitch than in slow-twitch muscles. It was concluded that the lack of preventive effect of @entity251 treatment on HS-induced SOL @entity2057 could be explained by both a decrease in @entity134 sensitivity and the removal of mechanical factors.

title: Effects of hindlimb suspension and androgen treatment on @entity251 receptors in XXXX skeletal muscles.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2609 :: ('MESH:C004648', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone heptylate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity4727 ( @entity4727 ) and glucagon increase the urinary fractional excretion of @entity1391 , but insulin administration is associated with a decreased fractional excretion of @entity1391 . It was the purpose of this study to determine whether insulin will antagonize the effects of @entity4727 and glucagon on @entity268 levels and protein kinase activation of @entity35 renal cortex. In situ incubation studies were performed on @entity35 renal cortical slices exposed to insulin, @entity4727 , and glucagon. Insulin alone did not affect the tissue @entity268 and @entity6708 levels or the state of protein kinase activation. Preincubation of slices with insulin, however, did significantly inhibit increases in protein kinase activation induced by both @entity4727 and glucagon. Insulin also significantly inhibited @entity4727 -stimulated increases in tissue @entity268 levels, but did not blunt the elevations of @entity268 levels induced by glucagon. Insulin (10(-9) M) had no effect on either the in vitro activity of @entity1920 cyclase, basal or @entity4727 -stimulated, or on the activities of low Km cytosolic or membrane-bound @entity268 phosphodiesterase. The data show that insulin antagonizes activation of protein kinase by both @entity4727 and glucagon in renal cortex. Separate mechanisms are probably involved for @entity4727 and glucagon interaction. The antiphosphaturic effect of insulin in vivo may result in part from this antagonism at the cellular level.

title: Insulin inhibition of hormone-stimulated protein kinase systems of XXXX renal cortex.

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylate']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIM: Acute @entity4436 has been traditionally associated with worse outcome in young @entity1 , indicating a more aggressive surgical approach. The aim of this study is to assess whether @entity697 is more virulent in young @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study included all first time @entity1 admissions for @entity697 between January 2004 and December 2013. @entity1 Demographics, clinical and surgical data were recorded and analyzed. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: @entity1 50   years old and younger and @entity1 over 50   years. RESULTS: 636 @entity1 were included in the database. 177 @entity1 (27.9%) were younger than 50 y.o. Comparison showed no significant difference between the groups in disease complexity, @entity298 , laboratory workup, vital signs on presentation, @entity1744 , presence of @entity292 and abscess in need of drainage. Younger @entity1 had more free extra luminal air on CT scan (p   =   0.03). Surgical data including the need for emergency surgery, need for additional surgery and intra operative Modified Hinchey score did not differ between the 2 groups. Young @entity1 had more re-admissions (p   <   0.01) due to @entity697 , diverticular complications and elective surgery. Length of stay (p   <   0.01) was longer and post-operative complications were more common in the older group of @entity1 . No difference in mortality was seen. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical presentation of @entity697 is does not seem to be worse in the young population. Younger @entity1 tend to have a more severe presentation on CT scan and more re-admissions, but this did not translate to more severe disease course.

title: XXXX And The Age Factor - Does Age Matter?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity4436 :: (MESH:D004238,Disease) :: ['Diverticulitis']


abstract: Ty1 is a retrovirus-like retrotransposon whose replication is influenced by diverse cellular processes in @entity375 . We have identified cytoplasmic P-body components encoded by @entity32017 , @entity32018 , @entity6776 , and @entity6777 as cofactors that posttranscriptionally enhance Ty1 retrotransposition. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence microscopy, we found that Ty1 mRNA and Gag colocalize to discrete cytoplasmic foci in wild-type cells. These foci, which are distinct from P-bodies, do not form in P-body component mutants or under conditions suboptimal for retrotransposition. Our immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) data suggest that mRNA/Gag foci are sites where @entity778 -like particles (VLPs) cluster. Overexpression of Ty1 leads to a large increase in retrotransposition in wild-type cells, which allows VLPs to be detected by IEM. However, retrotransposition is still reduced in P-body component mutants under these conditions. Moreover, the percentage of Ty1 mRNA/Gag foci and VLP clusters and levels of integrase and reverse transcriptase are reduced in these mutants. Ty1 antisense RNAs, which have been reported to inhibit Ty1 transposition, are more abundant in the kem1Delta mutant and colocalize with Ty1 mRNA in the cytoplasm. Therefore, @entity32018 may prevent the aggregation of Ty1 antisense and mRNAs. Overall, our results suggest that P-body components enhance the formation of retrotransposition-competent Ty1 VLPs.

title: P-body components are required for Ty1 retrotransposition during assembly of retrotransposition-competent XXXX -like particles.

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['virus']


abstract: Four fully porous @entity6173 columns (Hypersil Gold, @entity26070 , Xbridge and Gemini NX), widely employed in the pharmaceutical industry, were compared in terms of efficiency and analysis speed with the Kinetic Plot Method. Weakly basic, medium-sized, N-containing pharmaceutical compounds from GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development were used as test molecules. Isocratic elution was carried out at pH 4.5 and pH 8.0 with @entity1626 as organic modifier. The columns under evaluation included highly pure @entity3440 supports (Hypersil Gold, @entity26070 ) and hybrid polymer- @entity3440 supports (XBridge, Gemini NX). Both types of columns claim for nearly absent secondary interactions with ionized @entity1039 groups and are therefore applicable in a wide pH range. This is an important feature for method development purposes in pharmaceutical industries. The Kinetic Plot Method was used to compare the support characteristics and assess the kinetic performance of the columns in different experimental conditions. Although the evaluated columns have roughly identical particle diameters (from 3.0 to 3.5 m) according to their manufacturers, large differences in kinetic performance were observed at pH 4.5 that can be accounted for by different flow resistances, porosities and average particle diameters, experimentally determined from scanning electron microscopy and laser light scattering experiments on loose stationary phase material. The @entity26070 column was the best performing support among the evaluated columns, due to its excellent efficiency and average flow resistance. The better performance of the @entity26070 column was due to its better packing quality, as could be derived from its impedance plot. Kinetic plots of resolution of a critical pair versus analysis time and column length were established at pH 8.0. These plots can be used as a method development tool to tailor the separation conditions to the required resolution of a given critical pair, combining efficiency and selectivity features of the column.

title: Kinetic performance of reversed-phase XXXX high-performance liquid chromatography columns compared by means of the Kinetic Plot Method in pharmaceutically relevant applications.

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

answer: @entity6173 :: (27241,Gene) :: ['C18']


abstract: Mannans are hemicellulosic polysaccharides that have previously been implicated as structural constituents of cell walls and as storage reserves but which may serve other functions during plant growth and development. Several members of the @entity958 cellulose synthase-like A (CSLA) family have previously been shown to synthesise mannan polysaccharides in vitro when heterologously expressed. It has also been found that @entity4467 is essential for embryogenesis, suggesting a role for the @entity4467 product in development. To determine whether the CSLA proteins are responsible for glucomannan synthesis in vivo, we characterised insertion mutants in each of the nine @entity958 CSLA genes and several double and triple mutant combinations. @entity4468 mutants showed substantially reduced glucomannan, and triple csla2csla3csla9 mutants lacked detectable glucomannan in stems. Nevertheless, these mutants showed no alteration in stem development or strength. Overexpression of @entity28126 , @entity4467 and @entity4468 increased the glucomannan content in stems. Increased glucomannan synthesis also caused defective embryogenesis, leading to delayed development and occasional @entity204 . The embryo lethality of @entity4467 was complemented by overexpression of @entity4468 , suggesting that the glucomannan products are similar. We conclude that @entity28126 , @entity28127 and @entity4468 are responsible for the synthesis of all detectable glucomannan in @entity958 stems, and that @entity4467 synthesises glucomannan in embryos. These results are inconsistent with a substantial role for glucomannan in wall strength in @entity958 stems, but indicate that @entity28128 levels affect embryogenesis. Together with earlier heterologous expression studies, the @entity942 observed in csla mutant plants demonstrates that the CSLA family encodes glucomannan synthases.

title: Cell wall glucomannan in XXXX is synthesised by CSLA glycosyltransferases, and influences the progression of embryogenesis.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity28128 :: ('MESH:C022901', 'Chemical') :: ['glucomannan']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['embryo death']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['glucomannan deficiency']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: The a2 adrenergic receptor antagonist @entity3160 (YO) increases transmitter release from noradrenergic (NA) terminals in cortical and subcortical brain regions, including the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST). YO activates the @entity1640 and is potently anxiogenic in @entity35 and @entity1 . We previously reported that hindbrain NA neurons within the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (NST-A2/C2) and ventrolateral medulla (VLM-A1/C1) that innervate the anterior ventrolateral (vl)BST contribute to the ability of YO to activate the HPA stress axis in @entity35 . To determine whether the same NA pathway also contributes to YO-induced anxiogenesis in the elevated plus maze (EPMZ), a selective saporin ribotoxin conjugate ( @entity935 beta hydroxylase conjugated to saporin toxin, DSAP) was microinjected bilaterally into the anterior vlBST to destroy its NA inputs. Sham-lesioned controls were microinjected with vehicle. Two experiments were conducted to determine DSAP lesion effects on EPMZ behavior. @entity75 did not alter maze behavior in @entity35 after intraperitoneal saline, and did not alter the significant effect of prior maze experience to reduce exploratory and open arm maze activities. However, in maze-na  ve @entity35 , @entity75 abolished YO anxiogenesis in the EPMZ. Post-mortem immunocytochemical analyses confirmed that DSAP consistently ablated caudal NST-A2/C2 and VLM-A1/C1 neurons that innervate the anterior vlBST. @entity75 did not destroy non-NA inputs to the anterior vlBST, and produced inconsistent cell loss within the pontine locus coeruleus (A6 cell group) that was unrelated to YO anxiogenesis. Thus, the ability of YO to increase @entity148 -like behavior in the EPMZ depends on hindbrain NA neurons that target the anterior vlBST.

title: XXXX anxiogenesis in the elevated plus maze requires hindbrain noradrenergic neurons that target the anterior ventrolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) stress axis']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['DSAP lesions']

answer: @entity3160 :: (MESH:D015016,Chemical) :: ['Yohimbine']


abstract: We recently have demonstrated nuclear localization of @entity5962 in @entity43 (Histopathology 2011;58:423). The purpose of the present study is to investigate the diagnostic utility of @entity5962 nuclear staining for the differential diagnosis between @entity43 and its morphological mimics. Tissue samples taken from 81 @entity43 and 20 extraovarian @entity5 were immunohistochemically stained using monoclonal anti- @entity5962 antibody recognizing cytoplasmic domain (clone 36 supplied by BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA). The @entity43 consisted of 30 adult granulosa cell @entity5 , 3 @entity19464 , 14 fibrothecomas, 5 @entity5 , 1 @entity152 , 18 @entity4348 , and 10 poorly differentiated @entity420 . @entity5 consisted of 16 uterine @entity1204 and 4 @entity4153 . Only @entity5 cells with nuclear staining were considered positive in this study. Ninety percent of adult granulosa cell @entity5 , 67% of @entity19464 , 64% of fibrothecomas, 75% of @entity1204 , 75% of @entity4153 , and the one @entity152 showed @entity5962 nuclear expression, whereas all the ovarian @entity5 , @entity4348 , and poorly differentiated @entity420 were negative. @entity5962 nuclear staining is useful in distinguishing between adult granulosa cell @entity5 and @entity43 or @entity5 . However, it is of limited use for distinguishing between adult granulosa cell @entity5 and endometrial stromal @entity4153 . @entity5962 should be included in the immunohistochemical panel for an accurate diagnosis of @entity43 .

title: @entity5962 nuclear staining is useful for the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian adult granulosa cell tumor', 'ovarian tumors', 'ovarian adenocarcinomas', 'ovarian adult granulosa cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial stromal neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms or small cell carcinomas', 'pulmonary small cell carcinomas', 'small cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Extraovarian tumors', 'tumor', 'carcinoid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['serous adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity19464 :: ('MESH:D012707', 'Disease') :: ['Sertoli-stromal cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian adult granulosa cell tumor']


abstract: 1. Various hybridization approaches were employed to investigate structural and chromosomal interrelationships between the @entity1 cholinesterase genes CHE and @entity10810 encoding the polymorphic, closely related, and coordinately regulated enzymes having @entity1390 ( @entity1390 ) and @entity10810 ( @entity10810 ) activities. 2. Homologous cosmid recombination with a 190-base pair 5' fragment from BuChEcDNA resulted in the isolation of four overlapping cosmid clones, apparently derived from a single gene with several introns. The Cosmid CHEDNA included a 700-base pair fragment known to be expressed at the 3' end of BuChEcDNA from nervous @entity5 and which has been mapped by in situ hybridization to the unique 3q26-ter position. In contrast, cosmid CHEDNA did not hybridize with full-length AChEcDNA, proving that the complete CHE gene does not include @entity10810 -encoding sequences either in exons or in its introns. 3. The chromosomal origin of @entity1390 -encoding sequences was further examined by two unrelated gene mapping approaches. Filter hybridization with DNA from @entity1 /hamster hybrid cell lines revealed BuChEcDNA-hybridizing sequences only in cell lines including @entity1 chromosome 3. However, three BuChEcDNA-homologous sequences were observed at chromosomal positions 3q21, 3q26-ter, and 16q21 by a highly stringent in situ hybridization protocol, including washes at high temperature and low salt. 4. These findings stress the selectivity of cosmid recombination and chromosome blots, raise the possibility of individual differences in BuChEcDNA-hybridizing sequences, and present an example for a family highly similar proteins encoded by distinct, nonhomologous genes.

title: @entity1 XXXX are encoded by two distinct genes.

entities_list: @entity1390 :: ('590', 'Gene') :: ['butyrylcholinesterase', 'BuChE']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['system tumors']

entities_list: @entity10810 :: ('43', 'Gene') :: ['ACHE', 'AChE', 'acetylcholinesterase']

answer: @entity1390 :: (590,Gene) :: ['acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase']


abstract: Using extra- and intracellular recording techniques, we investigated the induction and frequency modulation of spontaneous @entity302 produced by changes in the concentration of extracellular @entity972 ([K+]o). This paper describes a quantitative relationship between [K+]o and the frequency of spontaneously occurring @entity302 . Recordings were made from the CA3 subfield of the @entity35 in vitro hippocampal slice preparation. Intracellular microelectrodes were filled with 2 M Cs2SO4 and connected to a 3-kHz, time-share, single-electrode current- and voltage-clamp device. The frequency of spontaneous @entity302 was determined from extracellular recordings as a function of [K+]o. Current- and voltage-clamp techniques were used to characterize the intracellular correlate of these @entity302 . The frequency of @entity1027 -induced spontaneous @entity302 was dependent on [K+]o. Below 4 mM [K+]o, spontaneous discharges occurred sporadically in the presence of 10 microM @entity1027 . Increasing [K+]o from 5 to 10 mM caused a fivefold increase in the rate of spontaneous discharges. @entity302 also occurred in the absence of @entity1027 when [K+]o was increased above 6.5 mM. The rate of these discharges was dependent on [K+]o in much the same way as the discharges induced by @entity1027 . For any given [K+]o concentration greater than 6.5 mM, however, the resultant discharge rate was faster than that obtained when @entity1027 was present in the bathing solution. Simultaneous intra- and extracellular recordings revealed that the spontaneous high-[K+]o-induced interictal discharge was accompanied by a large depolarization of the membrane potential that appeared similar to the @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ) seen with other convulsants. The intracellularly recorded event fulfilled the criteria for a synaptically mediated @entity1442 . The waveform of the @entity1442 was complex and dependent on the membrane potential. When the membrane potential was held at 0 mV, spontaneously occurring hyperpolarizing potentials were noted during the inter- @entity1442 interval. These events were blocked by @entity5094 or @entity1027 and were probably spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. The complexity of the @entity1442 waveform suggested that more than one synaptic conductance was involved in the generation of the @entity1442 . The mean measured reversal potential of the depolarizing phase was -10.7 mV. Voltage-clamp techniques were used to measure the conductance underlying the depolarizing phase of the high-[K+]o-induced @entity1442 . The mean measured conductance was 51.5 nS, with a reversal potential of -7.9 mV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: @entity302 induced by changes in extracellular XXXX in hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['PDS', 'paroxysmal depolarizing shift']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptiform (interictal) discharges', 'epileptiform discharges', 'epileptiform events', 'Spontaneous epileptiform discharges', 'epileptiform activity']

entities_list: @entity5094 :: ('MESH:D010852', 'Chemical') :: ['picrotoxin']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']