abstract: BACKGROUND: Admitting facility may significantly affect outcome for spontaneous @entity510 @entity1 . We assessed outcomes of @entity1 admitted directly to a comprehensive @entity64 center with those initially admitted to a general hospital and subsequently transferred. The comprehensive @entity64 center included a neurocritical care ICU, cerebrovascular neurosurgeons and endovascular specialists. METHODS: We identified 107 consecutive spontaneous @entity510 cases. Of these cases, 31 (29%) @entity1 were admitted directly and 76 (71%) were transferred from general hospitals. Univariate and multivariate analyses evaluated differences in mortality, complications, discharge disposition, and in-hospital length of stay. RESULTS: Differences in baseline parameters (age, gender, admission Glasgow @entity772 Scale, Fisher grade, admission Hunt and Hess grade) were not statistically significant between direct-admit and transfer @entity1 at our institution. Transferred @entity1 developed @entity2553 more frequently (58% vs. 32%; P   <   0  05) and had a longer delay time to surgery (3  9-days vs. 2  4-days: P   <   0  05). Multivariate analysis showed that the likelihood of @entity2553 was significantly higher for transfer @entity1 (OR 3  46, CI: 1  2-10  3, P   =   0  03). In addition, longer in-hospital stays and higher odds of non-routine discharge were observed in transferred @entity1 (P   <   0  01). No differences in outcome could be identified for surgical vs. endovascular treatment rates between direct-admit and transfer @entity1 . An association, but no causative link, can be made between the effect of transfer and the outcomes of @entity510 @entity1 due to the retrospective nature of our study. CONCLUSIONS: Spontaneous @entity510 @entity1 admitted directly to our comprehensive @entity64 center showed less complications compared to those transferred from general hospitals. This improvement was independent of time to treatment. Additional research in multiple centers using prospective analysis should be conducted to confirm that preferential direct transport to a comprehensive @entity64 center would likely yield considerable improvements in public health.

title: Type of admission is associated with outcome of spontaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: The objective was to identify fat @entity999 of the femoral bone marrow by @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) after glucocorticoid administration. Female adult @entity95 weighing 3.5-4.0 kg received a single injection of @entity617 at a dose of 4 mg/kgBW. The day after injection was designated as day 1. Control @entity95 were injected with only physiological saline and killed on day 14. The femoral bone marrow was obtained on days 5, 8, and 14, and processed for @entity4653 . Aortic blood serum was passed through a filter, and the filter was processed for @entity4653 . Some @entity4653 specimens were embedded in a plastic resin and sectioned for correspondence of @entity4653 -photomicroscopy (PM) or @entity4653 -transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the controls, small fat globules were present in sinusoids and venules but were absent from the arterioles. On day 5, fat globules were found in the lumina of both sinusoids and arterioles, possibly due to the effect of glucocorticoid. @entity432 was not found. On day 8, fat globules were often encountered in the @entity1211 . Some small arterioles were completely occluded by @entity7123 . On day 14, fat globules were present in the arterioles, and some small and large arterioles were completely occluded. Blood drawn from the aorta contained fat globules in both the controls and @entity95 injected with @entity617 . A small amount of @entity617 induced the presence of fat globules in arterioles as early as day 5, complete occlusion of small arterioles on day 8, and occlusion of large arterioles on day 14.

title: Glucocorticoid induces @entity7123 in the XXXX : a scanning electron microscopic study.

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['emboli in the arterioles']

entities_list: @entity7123 :: ('MESH:D004620', 'Disease') :: ['fat emboli']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Complete arteriolar occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous and arteriolar lumina']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: The two standard methods of computation of the time constant of the isovolumic single exponential decay of the left ventricular pressure were compared in anaesthetised, artificially ventilated, closed chest @entity235 in 87 experiments. In 23 additional experiments, carried out under basal steady state conditions, the time constant attained a mean (SD) value of 32(5) ms when computed according to the method with zero pressure asymptote assumption (Tz) and 39(7) ms when estimated according to a fit with variable pressure asymptote (Tv). @entity2647 infusion significantly prolonged Tz from 31(6) to 46(12) and Tv from 39(7) to 92(52) ms. The increase in Tv was significantly greater than that in Tz. @entity1169 increased Tv by 50% but Tz remained unaltered. @entity3044 significantly decreased Tz from 33(2) to 18(3) and Tv from 38(3) to 29(3) ms. The decrease in Tz was significantly greater than that in Tv. @entity12374 and atrial pacing decreased time constants, but volume loading by @entity20429 infusion did not affect them. With regard to the whole material, the linear regression analysis yielded 0.776 as the coefficient of correlation between Tz and Tv. The two methods of time constant calculation appeared to diverge significantly always when changes in afterload or sympathetic activity were involved. These results indicate the dependence of relaxation on afterload but the independence on preload or ejection timing. In the light of these results the zero pressure asymptote method is recommended for the time constant computation as the practical choice when relaxation of the intact left ventricle is assessed.

title: Time constant of isovolumic pressure fall in the intact XXXX left ventricle.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity12374 :: ('MESH:D002122', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium chloride']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between @entity167 consumption and mortality from all causes and from @entity299 with a focus on differentiating between long term abstainers and more recent non-drinkers. DESIGN: Cohort study of changes in @entity167 consumption from 1965 to 1974 and mortality from all causes and @entity299 during 1974-84. SETTING: Population based study of adult residents of Alameda County, California. SUBJECTS: 2225 @entity1 and 1845 @entity1 aged 35 and over in 1965. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity167 consumption in 1964 and 1974 and mortality from all causes and from @entity299 during 1974-84. RESULTS: There was a significantly higher risk of @entity204 from all causes and from @entity299 in @entity1 who gave up drinking between 1965 and 1974 than in @entity1 who continued to drink (relative risk 1.72, 95% confidence interval 1.11 to 2.66, and 2.75, 1.44 to 5.23, for all causes and @entity299 respectively). A significant increase in risk was not seen in @entity1 who gave up drinking (1.32, 0.87 to 2.01, and 0.95, 0.41 to 2.20, respectively). Among @entity1 , long term abstainers compared with drinkers were at increased risk of @entity204 from all causes and from @entity299 , though the associations were not significant (1.40, 0.98 to 2.00, and 1.40, 0.76 to 2.58, for all causes and @entity299 respectively). CONCLUSION: Some of the increased risk of @entity204 from all causes and from @entity299 associated with not drinking in @entity1 seems to be accounted for by higher risks among those who gave up drinking. @entity1 who are long term abstainers may also be at an increased risk of @entity204 . The heterogeneity of the non-drinking group should be considered when comparisons are made with drinkers.

title: Change in @entity167 consumption and risk of XXXX from all causes and from @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: (1) To study the use and diagnostic value, as a complement to ultrasound, of helical computed tomography (helical CT) to differentiate normal fetuses from cases of @entity1141 ; (2) to define the most relevant indications for helical CT; and (3) to evaluate its diagnostic performance with respect to radiological criteria considered discriminatory. METHODS: This was a retrospective study from 2005 to 2008 in 67 pregnant @entity1 who underwent helical CT after 26 weeks of gestation for suspected @entity2241 due to fetal shortened long bones on ultrasound ( <=   10(th) percentile), either alone or associated with other @entity79 . The results were compared with pediatric examinations in 41 cases and with fetal autopsy findings after elective termination of pregnancy in the others. RESULTS: Helical CT had a sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 91% and positive and negative predictive values of 90% and 83%, respectively, for diagnosis of @entity2241 . An etiological diagnosis that had not been suspected at ultrasound was specified in 15% of cases and diagnoses suspected at ultrasound were confirmed in 24% and discounted in 43% of cases. The prevalence of @entity1141 was increased in cases of @entity5853 < 3(rd) percentile or if there was a combination of bone signs. Helical CT showed 69% sensitivity in identifying individual predefined pathological bone signs which were confirmed on fetal autopsy findings. CONCLUSION: Helical CT is a key examination, in combination with ultrasound, in the diagnosis of @entity2241 from 26 weeks of gestation. It should be reserved for cases with severe @entity5853 below the 3(rd) percentile and for those with @entity5853  <=   10(th) percentile associated with another bone sign. A checklist of discriminatory signs is proposed.

title: Three-dimensional helical computed tomography in prenatal diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity5853 :: ('MESH:C565382', 'Disease') :: ['micromelia']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal skeletal dysplasia']

answer: @entity2241 :: (MESH:D005315,Disease) :: ['fetal skeletal dysplasia']


abstract: Between March 1993 and January 1997, stereotactic radiation techniques were used to irradiate 66 intraocular @entity5 @entity1 with the Gamma Knife (Leksell Gamma Knife, model B unit) at the University of Vienna, Austria. This study investigates the dosimetry for stereotactic irradiation of ocular structures. For the dosimetry program KULA 4.4, Gamma Knife stereotactic irradiation of the eye represents an extreme frontal skull position. In addition, irradiation of the eye may be performed in the usual supine position in exceptional cases only. With the @entity1 in the prone position, the dose planning program has to calculate with a significantly large number of single-beam extrapolations. In our first experiment we measured the isocentre dose for eight different gamma-angle positions, both in prone and supine positions, using TLD measurements in an Alderson head phantom. We found a maximum deviation of +/- 1.6% using these individually calibrated TLDs. In the second experiment we examined the dose cross profiles for the two most frequently used treatment positions (supine position, gamma = 65 degrees, and prone position, gamma = 140 degrees). For this purpose we implanted a specially designed TLD array into the orbit of a @entity1 cadaver head. We found excellent agreement of the dose values measured for the isocentre as well as the posterior part of the eye with orbit with deviations of less than -2.7%. However, for the anterior part of the eye, deviations between computer-generated calculations and the TLD measurements were found to range up to -30%. These differences were noticed both for supine and prone positions. For the Gamma Knife stereotactic irradiation of @entity5 or pathologies, precautions should be taken to avoid significant underdosage in the anterior part of the radiation field.

title: Dosimetry studies with TLDs for stereotactic radiation techniques for intraocular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ocular tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumours']


abstract: The @entity19 pancreatic amylase @entity54261 gene was fused to the structural gene for SV40 T antigen, and 51 independent transgenic founder @entity19 carrying the fusion gene were generated. The majority of the founders and 100% of their offspring in the derived transgenic lines developed @entity3123 and @entity189 . Transgenic animals also had a high incidence of @entity189 in other tissues. The development of @entity189 was unexpected because the @entity54261 promoter was not previously known to be expressed in stomach. Northern blot analyses and ribonuclease protection assays showed that @entity54261 is expressed in stomach, at approximately 0.05% of the level in pancreas. Expression of the fusion gene in stomach, therefore, appears to represent a previously unrecognized activity of the @entity54261 promoter. Examination of young @entity19 demonstrated that @entity1613 were present in pancreas and stomach before the development of @entity1313 in either tissue, consistent with the notion that @entity356 are primary @entity5 and not metastases from the pancreas. Ribonuclease protection assays demonstrated that properly initiated large T and small t antigen transcripts were present in pancreas and stomach during tumorigenesis. T antigen protein was also detected in pancreas and stomach by immunohistochemistry. A time course for tumorigenesis was established for several transgenic @entity19 lines in which distinct types of lesions appeared at predictable times. This study provides the basis for future analysis of the role of SV40 T antigen in the progression and maintenance of @entity3123 .

title: @entity19 carrying a XXXX amylase 2.2/SV40 T antigen fusion gene develop @entity3123 .

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic acinar cell carcinomas', 'pancreatic and stomach carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['stomach carcinomas', 'metastatic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['preneoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['stomach neoplasms']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the construct, concurrent, and predictive validity of dynamic computerized hand dynamometry. DESIGN: Prospective correlational study between dynamometry and functional upper limb performance. SETTING: Hospital outpatient spasticity clinics. @entity1 : Adults with @entity4681 affecting the upper limb after acquired @entity1545 (ABI) (n=38; median age, 50 y; range, 18-81 y) and healthy adult control @entity1 (n=27; median age, 37 y; range, 22-62 y). INTERVENTION: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Dynamic computerized dynamometry elements of hand performance (isometric force, force velocity, isometric grip work, contraction and relaxation duration) and the Action Research Arm Test. RESULTS: Motor elements of hand performance objectively measured by the dynamic computerized dynamometry protocol achieved moderate to good validity when correlated with standardized measures of functional hand performance. Dynamic computerized dynamometry identified clear differences in hand performance between @entity1 with and without ABI. Within the ABI group, dynamic computerized hand dynamometry achieved fair to moderate predictive validity with regards to whether a @entity1 would be referred for botulinum toxin A injections. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides support for the construct, concurrent, and predictive validity of the dynamic computerized dynamometry protocol.

title: Clinical assessment of hand motor performance after acquired XXXX with dynamic computerized hand dynamometry: construct, concurrent, and predictive validity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['upper motor neuron syndrome']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: @entity32 is becoming a hallmark of several @entity179 and accordingly, @entity635 , a proinflammatory cytokine, is implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity179 . Although @entity635 binds to its high-affinity receptor, IL-1R, and upregulates proinflammatory signaling pathways, @entity18995 ( @entity18995 ) adheres to the same receptor and inhibits proinflammatory cell signaling. Therefore, upregulation of @entity18995 is considered important in attenuating @entity32 . The present study underlines a novel application of @entity8445 ( @entity14113 ), a Food and Drug Administration-approved lipid-lowering drug, in increasing the expression of @entity18995 in primary @entity19 and @entity1 neurons. @entity14113 alone induced an early and pronounced increase in the expression of @entity18995 in primary @entity19 cortical neurons. Activation of type IA p110a PI3K and @entity1994 by @entity14113 and abrogation of @entity14113 -induced upregulation of @entity18995 by inhibitors of PI3K and @entity1994 indicate a role of the PI3K- @entity1994 pathway in the upregulation of @entity18995 . @entity14113 also induced the activation of @entity15983 via the PI3K- @entity1994 pathway, and small interfering RNA attenuation of @entity15983 abolished the @entity14113 -mediated increase in @entity18995 . Furthermore, @entity14113 was able to protect neurons from @entity635 insult. However, small interfering RNA knockdown of neuronal @entity18995 abrogated the protective effect of @entity14113 against @entity635 , suggesting that this drug increases the defense mechanism of cortical neurons via upregulation of @entity18995 . Taken together, these results highlight the importance of the PI3K- @entity1994 - @entity15983 pathway in mediating @entity14113 -induced upregulation of @entity18995 in neurons and suggest @entity14113 as a possible therapeutic treatment for propagating neuronal self-defense in @entity179 .

title: XXXX , a lipid-lowering drug, upregulates IL-1 receptor antagonist in @entity19 cortical neurons: implications for neuronal self-defense.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'Chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders', 'neurodegenerative diseases', 'neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity8445 :: ('MESH:D015248', 'Chemical') :: ['gemfibrozil']

answer: @entity8445 :: (MESH:D015248,Chemical) :: ['Gemfibrozil']


abstract: A new ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the simultaneous measurements of @entity12963 (HF) and its major metabolite, @entity12964 (Hfm), in @entity1 plasma is described. Sample treatment involved protein precipitation with @entity1626 followed by extraction with @entity4315 - @entity4543 (ratio, 1:1; vol/vol) under alkaline condition. @entity1172 was achieved on a 10-microm particle size C-18 column (200 x 4.6 mm internal diameter) using a mobile phase consisting of @entity1042 -0.05 M @entity17500 (70:30, vol/vol) with 55 mmol/l @entity9901 (pH 3.1). Retention times for Hfm, Hf, and the internal standard were 5.3, 7.5, and 11.5 minutes, respectively. Detection limits of Hf and Hfm were 2.5 and 2.0 ng/ml, respectively (1 ng/ml = 2 nmol/l for Hf; 1 ng/ml = 2.25 nmol/l for Hfm). Intraassay and interassay coefficients of variation for both compounds were less than 7%, with an accuracy of no greater than 8% at concentrations of 40 and 400 ng/ml, respectively. The new HPLC method is sensitive, selective, and rapid. Relative to previous HPLC methods, it is simple and cost-effective. In addition, the internal standard is readily accessible. Application of this method in pharmacokinetic studies was demonstrated.

title: Ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of XXXX and @entity12964 in @entity1 plasma.

entities_list: @entity12964 :: ('MESH:C044961', 'Chemical') :: ['desbutylhalofantrine']

entities_list: @entity17500 :: ('MESH:C013216', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium dihydrogen phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity12963 :: ('MESH:C023768', 'Chemical') :: ['halofantrine']

entities_list: @entity4543 :: ('MESH:D004986', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylether']

entities_list: @entity1172 :: ('MESH:D001010', 'Disease') :: ['Chromatographic separation']

entities_list: @entity9901 :: ('MESH:D010472', 'Chemical') :: ['perchloric acid']

answer: @entity12963 :: (MESH:C023768,Chemical) :: ['halofantrine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To test the efficacy of a combination of selective pre- and post-surgical local anesthetic infiltrations of the knee, compared with standard intra-articular injection at the end of surgery alone, to reduce postoperative opioid requirements following arthroscopic cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). METHODS: In a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, we studied 23 @entity1 (ASA I or II) scheduled for elective ACLR under general anesthesia. The treatment group (n = 12) received infiltrations with @entity1341 0.25% with epinephrine 1:200,000 presurgically (10 ml into the portals, 10 ml at the medial tibial incision site, 10 ml at the lateral femoral incision site, and 10 ml intra-articularly) and postsurgically (5 ml at the medial tibial incision and 10 ml at the lateral femoral incision). The control group (n = 11) received infiltrations with saline 0.9% in the same manner. All @entity1 received a standard intra-articular local anesthetic instillation of the knee (25 ml of @entity1341 0.25% with epinephrine 1:200,000) at the completion of surgery. RESULTS: Postoperative opioid requirements were lower in the treatment group (5.8 +/- 2.9 mg @entity1286 equivalent) than in the control group ( 13.7 +/- 5.8 mg; P = 0.008). Treatment @entity1 were ready for discharge approximately 30 min earlier than control @entity1 (P = 0.046). There were no adverse events in the treatment group. In the control group, 2/11 @entity1 vomited and a third experienced transient postoperative diaphoresis, dizziness and pallor. CONCLUSION: We conclude that a combination of selective pre- and post-surgical wound infiltration with @entity1341 0.25% provides superior @entity1337 compared with a standard post-surgical intra-articular injection alone.

title: Combined pre- and post-surgical XXXX wound infiltrations decrease opioid requirements after knee ligament reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: We have pioneered an in vitro pseudopod-generation model wherein suspended @entity5 cells are stimulated to form pseudopods into glass micropipettes in response to soluble collagen type IV ( @entity4609 ). Pertussis toxin and removing intracellular @entity460 were found previously to be inhibitory to that process. We now extend those observations to dissect the roles of transmembrane @entity460 influx and circulating @entity1718 on pseudopod extension. Removal of @entity1718 from BSA in basal media resulted in abrogation of pseudopod formation, while reconstitution of free @entity1718 restored cell pseudopod protrusion. We thus hypothesized that @entity1718 may provide necessary pseudopod stimulatory signals. Addition of @entity4990 ( @entity4991 ) to the @entity844 -free @entity4609 solution or in an opposite pipette without @entity4609 permitted approximately 50% pseudopod recovery in all pipette directions in a dose-dependent fashion. @entity2426 (TG), an agent that releases internal @entity460 stores and causes opening of store-operated @entity460 channels, restored pseudopod protrusion up to 80% in @entity4609 with @entity844 -free albumin. [ @entity141 ](i) release was non-additive when cells were stimulated by TG and @entity4991 , suggesting overlapping [ @entity141 ](i) stores. The combination of TG and @entity4991 in @entity844 -free albumin fully restored the pseudopod response to @entity4609 . Addition of EGTA to chelate stimulatory media @entity460 blocked the pseudopod response to @entity4609 in the presence of @entity1718 . This indicates that pseudopod protrusion requires transmembrane @entity460 entry. Thus, extracellular lipids and @entity460 mobilization are required to complement @entity4609 in pseudopod protrusion from suspended cells.

title: Extracellular lipid-mediated signaling in XXXX -cell activation and pseudopod protrusion.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4990 :: ('MESH:C032881', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['Thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of a viscoelastic substance facilitates @entity231 surgery. Healon 5 is a new viscoelastic product with special rheological properties. We evaluated the postoperative effect of Viscoat and Healon5 on intraocular pressure (IOP), @entity2840 ( @entity2840 ), endothelial cell counts and laser flare. METHODS: Forty-eight eyes of 48 @entity1 undergoing routine phacoemulsification followed by foldable IOL implantation were enrolled. Either Healon5 or Viscoat was used according to a block-randomization scheme. The aspiration technique was standardized. IOP, @entity2840 , endothelial cell counts and laser flare were compared pre- and postoperatively. Statistical analysis was performed using the two-sample Wilcoxon test. Data description was based on median and quartiles, while graphic description was performed by non-parametric box plots. RESULTS: Viscoat demonstrated a statistically significant higher IOP than Healon5 at 4 and 8 h postoperatively (P< 0.01 and < 0.05, respectively). Further, the laser flare values were statistically significantly higher for the Viscoat than for the Healon5 group 8 h postoperatively (P<0.05). Endothelial cell loss did not differ significantly between the two groups (relative change in endothelial cell density after 3 months: -4.3% for the Healon5 group and -6.2% for Viscoat group). CONCLUSION: There was neither a statistically nor a clinically significant difference in endothelial cell loss after the use of Healon5 or Viscoat in routine @entity231 surgery. However, the IOP in the early postoperative period was higher in the Viscoat group than in the Healon5 group.

title: Healon5 versus Viscoat during XXXX surgery: intraocular pressure, laser flare and corneal changes.

entities_list: @entity2840 :: ('MESH:C563262', 'Disease') :: ['central corneal thickness', 'CCT']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: @entity11807 ( @entity11807 ) is a rare @entity74 characterized by @entity154 , progressive @entity2131 , and @entity5 susceptibility. @entity11807 cells are hypersensitive to DNA crosslinking agents. @entity11807 is a genetically heterogeneous disease with at least 11 complementation groups. The eight cloned @entity11807 proteins interact in a common pathway with established DNA-damage-response proteins, including @entity5345 and @entity14050 . Six @entity11807 proteins (A, C, E, F, G, and L) regulate the monoubiquitination of @entity24749 after DNA damage by crosslinking agents, which targets @entity24749 to @entity5345 nuclear foci containing @entity2674 ( @entity2674 ) and @entity6545 . Some forms of @entity6596 [ @entity6596 ] are implicated as @entity1576 and induce several types of DNA lesions, including DNA interstrand crosslinks. We have shown that @entity11807 -A fibroblasts are hypersensitive to both @entity6596 -induced apoptosis and @entity2085 . Here we show that @entity6596 treatment induced monoubiquitination of @entity24749 in normal @entity1 fibroblasts, providing the first molecular evidence of @entity6596 -induced activation of the @entity11807 pathway. @entity11807 -A fibroblasts demonstrated no @entity24749 monoubiquitination, in keeping with the requirement of @entity11807 -A for this modification. We also found that @entity6596 treatment induced significantly more S-phase-dependent DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), as measured by gamma-H2AX expression, in @entity11807 -A fibroblasts compared to normal cells. However, and notably, DSBs were repaired equally in both normal and @entity11807 -A fibroblasts during recovery from @entity6596 treatment. While previous research on @entity11807 has defined the genetic causes of this disease, it is critical in terms of individual risk assessment to address how cells from @entity11807 @entity1 respond to genotoxic insult.

title: XXXX monoubiquitination and activation by @entity6596 [ @entity6596 ] exposure: activation is not required for repair of @entity6596 -induced DSBs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['clonogenic lethality']

entities_list: @entity6596 :: ('MESH:C074702', 'Chemical') :: ['Cr(VI)', 'hexavalent chromium']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disorder']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory carcinogens']

entities_list: @entity2131 :: ('MESH:C536572', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow failure']

entities_list: @entity11807 :: ('MESH:D005199', 'Disease') :: ['Fanconi anemia', 'FA']

answer: @entity24749 :: (2177,Gene) :: ['FANCD2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity418 has increased recently in the West. However, in Japan, most @entity1 with @entity356 have disease that is situated in the body and the distal stomach. The objectives of this study were to compare the clinicopathologic findings of @entity1 with @entity356 ( @entity356 ) arising at the @entity418 and those with @entity189 in more distal parts of the stomach, then comparing the findings with those from @entity1 with @entity356 in the West. METHODS: Three thousand one hundred forty-four @entity1 with @entity356 who underwent surgical resection between 1962 and 1997 at the National @entity5 Center Hospital in Tokyo were studied. Seventy @entity1 with @entity356 at the @entity418 were compared with those who had lesions in the middle and lower parts of the stomach. The body mass index (BMI), smoking, and drinking were evaluated using all @entity1 with @entity418 @entity356 and 344 @entity1 in a matched cohort in the latter group. RESULTS: Seventy @entity1 had an @entity356 located just at the @entity418 , whereas 2796 @entity1 had lesions in the lower two-thirds of the stomach. The former lesions were different from those in the distal two-thirds of the stomach: More often, they were of an elevated type (34% vs. 14%, respectively, they were histologically well differentiated in 89% (vs. 59%), and there were more @entity5 (53% vs. 41%). The BMI, smoking, and drinking in the two groups were not different. The incidence of @entity355 and @entity354 ( @entity354 ) in @entity1 with @entity356 were 2. 9% (2 of 70 @entity1 ) and 5.7% (4 of 70 @entity1 ), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There were many significant differences in clinicopathologic characteristics between @entity1 with @entity189 of the @entity418 and @entity1 with @entity189 of the distal stomach in Japan. The incidence of early @entity189 was very low in Japan, and @entity28 , smoking, drinking, @entity355 , or @entity354 were not related to its occurrence, in contrast to reports in the West.

title: Early XXXX in Japan: is it different from that in the West?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['Barrett esophagus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal tumors', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['cardia carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['cardia', 'adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['EGC', 'carcinoma of the gastric cardia', 'gastric carcinoma', 'early gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the gastric cardia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To ascertain whether the exfoliation syndrome (EXS) is a risk factor for @entity231 development. SETTING: Helsinki University Eye Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. METHODS: This prospective study examined the development of lens opacities using the Lens Opacity Meter. Visual acuity and refraction were measured in both eyes of 63 nonglaucomatous @entity1 with clinically unilateral EXS. After 5 years, 46 @entity1 were available for follow-up. Case histories of 14 @entity1 were recorded. RESULTS: During the 5 year study, the rate of conversion to bilateral disease was 22% and to exfoliative @entity726 , 30%. At the beginning of the study, the mean lens opacity was 23.5 opacity units (OU) +/- 6.7 (SD) in EXS eyes and 22.9 +/- 7.2 OU in fellow, initially nonexfoliative (NE) eyes; the difference was not significant. After 5 years, the mean opacity was 30.0 +/- 8.8 OU in EXS eyes and 26.9 +/- 8.3 OU in NE eyes (P <.001). In @entity1 who remained unilaterally affected, the EXS eye had a higher opacity value than the NE eyes at the start of the study (23.6 +/- 7.3 OU and 22.7 +/- 7.2 OU, respectively) (P <.05) and after 5 years (29.9 +/- 9.0 OU and 27.0 +/- 8.5 OU) (P <.01). There was a significant myopic change in refraction over time in both groups. The mean refraction in EXS eyes was +1.02 +/- 2.48 diopters (D) at the start and + 0.11 +/- 3.06 D after 5 years (P =.0001) and in NE eyes, +0.99 +/- 2.25 D and +0.43 +/- 2.55 D, respectively (P <.01). At the start of the study, the mean difference in refraction between fellow eyes (refraction in NE eye - refraction in EXS eye) was -0.27 +/- 1.00 D. After 5 years, it was +0.32 +/- 1.44 D (P =.016), showing a greater myopic change in EXS eyes. CONCLUSION: The results show that EXS is a risk factor for lens opacification.

title: Exfoliation syndrome as a risk factor for @entity231 development: five-year follow-up of lens XXXX .

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['opacities in exfoliation syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of physical activity on glycemic control and plasma lipids [HDL @entity165 (HDL-C), HDL-C subfractions, @entity1674 , lipoprotein(a)], blood pressure, weight, and abdominal fat and to determine the necessary short-term adaptations in @entity6 management during intensive endurance training in @entity1 with @entity1723 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Well-controlled subjects with @entity1723 (n = 20; @entity4051 c = 7.6%) engaged in a regular exercise program over a period of 3 months involving endurance sports such as biking, long-distance running, or hiking. Subjects were instructed to exercise at least 135 min per week. If baseline activity exceeded this level, subjects were to increase further their physical activity as much as possible and record the type and time of such activity. RESULTS: During the 3-month intervention, physical activity increased from 195 +/- 176 to 356 +/- 164 min (mean +/- SD) per week (P < 0.001). Physical fitness as assessed by VO2max increased from 2,914 +/- 924 to 3,092 +/- 905 ml/min (P < 0.001), and insulin sensitivity increased significantly (steady-state plasma @entity413 [SSPG] decreased from 10.5 +/- 4.8 to 7.0 +/- 3.3 mmol/l; P < 0.01). Subsequently, LDL @entity165 decreased by 14% (P < 0.05), and HDL and @entity9478 -C subfraction increased by 10 (P < 0.05) and 16% (P < 0.05), respectively. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly from 127 +/- 9 to 124 +/- 8 (P < 0.05) and from 80 +/- 5 to 77 +/- 5 mmHg (P < 0.01), respectively. Resting heart rate decreased from 63 +/- 6 to 59 +/- 7 bpm (P < 0.01). Waist-to-hip circumference ratio decreased from 0.882 +/- 0.055 to 0.858 +/- 0.053 (P < 0.001), body weight decreased from 70.7 +/- 10.4 to 68.7 +/- 10.2 kg (P = 0.003), with a consequent decrease in body fat from 21.9 +/- 8.2 to 18.0 +/- 6.3% (P < 0.001) and an increase in lean body mass from 54.9 +/- 12.2 to 56.8 +/- 11.0 kg. These effects occurred independently of glycemic control. The overall frequency of severe hypoglycemic episodes was reduced from 0.14 to 0.10 per @entity1 -year during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that increasing physical activity is safe and does not result in more hypoglycemic episodes and that there is a linear dose-response between increased physical activity and loss of abdominal fat and a @entity551 and lipid-related cardiovascular risk factors, with a preferential increase in the @entity9478 -C subfraction.

title: Impact of physical activity on cardiovascular risk factors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['IDDM']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity355 affects 5-10% of @entity1 with @entity354 ( @entity354 ) and is associated with a 40-fold increased risk of malignant transformation. Ablative therapies may lead to esophageal perforation or stricture formation if applied too liberally and residual glandular tissue and persistent @entity5 risk if utilized too sparingly. METHODS: Ten @entity1707 underwent gastrotomy. Mucosa below the gastroesophageal (GE) junction was elevated by saline injections, circumferentially incised, and secured to an orogastric tube. By traction, the distal esophageal mucosa was inverted 10 cm proximally, then returned to the gastric lumen. In group A (n = 4), the mucosa (5 cm) was resected and the remnant was allowed to retract. In group B (n = 4), the mucosa was simply sutured back into its native position. In group C (n = 2), the mucosa (5 cm) was resected and the proximal segment was advanced and sutured to the @entity356 . At 6 weeks, or sooner if stricture developed, the animals were killed. @entity850 formation was determined by ex vivo barium esophagram and gross assessment. The extent of @entity82 and epithelial healing were established histologically. RESULTS: Group A (mucosa resected) developed @entity353 and @entity448 within 4 weeks. Pathology revealed dense fibrotic stricture without reepithelialization. Group B (mucosa elevated/replaced) gained weight after the operation. Histology demonstrated @entity33 without significant stricture or @entity82 . Group C (mucosa resected/advanced) also thrived postoperatively. Histology confirmed @entity33 without evidence of retraction or dense stricture. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure of submucosal tissues causes esophageal stricture. Mucosal coverage minimizes @entity82 after injury. Mucosal resection and advancement allows healing without stricture and may have therapeutic potential for @entity1 with @entity355 .

title: Resection and advancement of esophageal mucosa. A potential therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal healing']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stricture']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosa']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: Depending on growth phase and culture conditions, @entity6894 (CL) makes up 5-15% of the phospholipids in @entity526 with the remainder being primarily @entity3633 (PE) and @entity3634 (PG). In @entity526 , the cls and ybhO genes (renamed clsA and clsB, respectively) each encode a CL synthase (Cls) that catalyzes the condensation of two PG molecules to form CL and @entity653 . However, a /\clsAB mutant still makes CL in the stationary phase, indicating the existence of additional Cls. We identified a third Cls encoded by ymdC (renamed clsC). ClsC has sequence homology with ClsA and ClsB, which all belong to the phospholipase D superfamily. The /\clsABC mutant lacks detectible CL regardless of growth phase or growth conditions. CL can be restored to near wild-type levels in stationary phase in the triple mutant by expressing either clsA or clsB. Expression of clsC alone resulted in a low level of CL in the stationary phase, which increased to near wild-type levels by coexpression of its neighboring gene, ymdB. CL synthesis by all Cls is increased with increasing medium osmolarity during logarithmic growth and in stationary phase. However, only ClsA contributes detectible levels of CL at low osmolarity during logarithmic growth. Mutation of the putative catalytic motif of ClsC prevents CL formation. Unlike eukaryotic Cls (that use PG and @entity13667 - @entity2366 as substrates) or ClsA, the combined YmdB-ClsC used PE as the @entity47150 donor to PG to form CL, which demonstrates a third and unique mode for CL synthesis.

title: Discovery of a XXXX synthase utilizing @entity3633 and @entity3634 as substrates.

entities_list: @entity2366 :: ('CHEBI:41847', 'Chemical') :: ['diacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity3633 :: ('MESH:C483858', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity47150 :: ('CHEBI:26025', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidyl']

entities_list: @entity3634 :: ('MESH:D010715', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity6894 :: ('MESH:D002308', 'Chemical') :: ['cardiolipin']

answer: @entity6894 :: (MESH:D002308,Chemical) :: ['cardiolipin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of vaginal @entity396 in therapeutic termination of second trimester pregnancy with a live fetus. DESIGN: Prospective descriptive study. SETTING: Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University. SUBJECTS: Pregnant @entity1 meeting the inclusion criteria including 1) pregnancy with a live fetus, 2) gestational age of 14-28 weeks, 3) having an indication for therapeutic termination, 4) Bishop's score of < or = 4, 5) absence of uterine contraction and leakage of amniotic fluid, 6) no previous classical uterine scar and 7) no contraindication for @entity396 such as @entity56 . INTERVENTION: 400 microgram @entity396 gel intravagina every 12 hours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean induction-delivery time, mean abortion time, maternal side effects. RESULTS: Sixty eight pregnant @entity1 were recruited into the study. The mean induction-delivery time was 35.58 +/- 34.13 hours, mean abortion time was 35.80 +/- 34.13 minutes. Fever was the most common side effect occuring in about two-third of the @entity1 , but no serious maternal complication was observed. CONCLUSION: 400 microgram vaginal @entity396 is effective for therapeutic termination of second trimester pregnancy with no serious side effects. However, the response to this treatment was markedly varied from @entity1 to @entity1 .

title: Therapeutic termination of second trimester pregnancy with vaginal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

answer: @entity396 :: (MESH:D016595,Chemical) :: ['misoprostol']


abstract: Cross-sectional studies have suggested a relationship between @entity1576 , @entity322 , @entity615 . However, longitudinal data are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate whether these disorders increase risk for the development of @entity615 . A total of 2943 younger, 2298 mid-age, and 2258 older @entity1 from the Australian Longitudinal Study on @entity1 's Health who reported no @entity615 during the preceding 12 months were followed for 4, 2, and 3 years, respectively. Crude and adjusted associations between the development of @entity615 and changes in the presence of @entity322 , breathing difficulty, and @entity344 were assessed with logistic regression. @entity1 with preexisting @entity322 (prevalence ratios [PR]: 1.26 to 1.46) and @entity344 (PR: 1.24 to 1.44) and @entity1 who developed breathing problems (PR: 1.63 to 2.11) were more likely to develop @entity615 than @entity1 without such problems. @entity1834 and @entity566 were also associated with @entity615 development. Consistent with predictions from physiological data, this study provides novel evidence that the presence and/or development of @entity322 , @entity1576 , and @entity344 are associated with the development of @entity615 . This highlights the importance of comorbidities and suggests opportunities for future preventative interventions. PERSPECTIVE: This study demonstrates that @entity1 with @entity322 , @entity1576 , and @entity344 have increased risk for the development of @entity615 . Evidence of compromised control of the spine in @entity1 with @entity322 and @entity1576 and the potential for @entity1931 in @entity1 with @entity344 may provide physiological explanations for these findings.

title: Do @entity322 , breathing difficulties, and XXXX increase the risk of @entity615 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'people']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['viscerosomatic hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['Menstrual pain']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms, and back pain', 'back pain']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory problems', 'respiratory disorders']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']


abstract: @entity13589 ( @entity12315 ), derived from @entity103 in cruciferous vegetables, causes @entity851 and apoptosis of @entity5 cells in vitro. @entity12315 also induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and @entity2426 , a specific inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic reticulum/ER @entity460 -dependent ATPase, enhances this effect. We asked whether elevated cytosolic free @entity460 [ @entity141 ]i is required for cytotoxicity of @entity12315 and @entity2426 in two @entity5 cells lines (C33A, from cervix, and DU145, from prostate). [ @entity141 ]i was measured in real-time by @entity593 fluorescence. We tested whether @entity12315 , @entity2426 , and @entity12315 + @entity2426 cause apoptosis, measured by nucleosome release, under conditions that prevented elevation of [ @entity141 ]i, using both cell-permeable and cell-impermeable forms of the specific @entity460 chelator @entity18650 . @entity12315 , like @entity2426 , rapidly mobilized ER @entity460 . C33A and DU145 responded differently to perturbations in @entity141 homeostasis, suggesting that @entity12315 induces apoptosis by different mechanisms in these two cell lines and/or that @entity460 mobilization also activates different survival pathways in C33A and DU145. Apoptosis in C33A was independent of increased [ @entity141 ]i, suggesting that depletion of ER @entity141 stores may be sufficient for cell killing, whereas apoptosis in DU145 required elevated [ @entity141 ]i for full response. Inhibitor studies using @entity205 and @entity14374 showed that @entity141 signaling is important for cell survival but the characteristics of this response also differed in the two cell lines. Our results underscore the complex and variable nature of cellular responses to disrupted @entity141 homeostasis and suggest that alteration @entity141 homeostasis in the ER can induce cellular apoptosis by both @entity460 -dependent and @entity460 -independent mechanisms.

title: Multiple, disparate roles for @entity460 signaling in apoptosis of human prostate and cervical @entity5 cells exposed to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth arrest']

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity103 :: ('MESH:C016517', 'Chemical') :: ['indole-3-carbinol']

entities_list: @entity13589 :: ('MESH:C444299', 'Chemical') :: ['Diindolylmethane']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity13589 :: (MESH:C444299,Chemical) :: ['diindolylmethane']


abstract: A novel genetic selection was used to identify genes regulating traffic in the @entity375 endosomal system. We took advantage of a temperature-sensitive mutant in @entity10939 , encoding the plasma membrane ATPase, in which newly synthesized @entity10939 is mislocalized to the vacuole via the endosome. Diversion of mutant @entity10939 from vacuolar delivery and rerouting to the plasma membrane is a major mechanism of suppression of @entity10939 (ts). 16 independent suppressor of @entity10939 (sop) mutants were isolated. Identification of the corresponding genes reveals eight that are identical with VPS genes required for delivery of newly synthesized vacuolar proteins. A second group of SOP genes participates in vacuolar delivery of mutant @entity10939 but is not essential for delivery of the vacuolar protease carboxypeptidase Y. Because the biosynthetic pathway to the vacuole intersects with the endocytic pathway, internalization of a bulk membrane endocytic marker FM 4-64 was assayed in the sop mutants. By this means, defective endosome-to-vacuole trafficking was revealed in a subset of sop mutants. Another subset of sop mutants displays perturbed trafficking between endosome and Golgi: impaired pro-alpha factor processing in these strains was found to be due to defective recycling of the trans-Golgi protease @entity20328 . One of these strains defective in @entity20328 trafficking carries a mutation in SOP2, encoding a homologue of @entity1 synaptojanin (implicated in synaptic vesicle endocytosis and recycling). Thus, cell surface delivery of mutant @entity10939 can occur as a consequence of disturbances at several different sites in the endosomal system.

title: Novel genes involved in endosomal traffic in XXXX revealed by suppression of a targeting-defective plasma membrane ATPase mutant.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: A 2 5/12-year-old Chinese @entity1 was investigated for refractory @entity410 and psychomotor regression. His birth history was unremarkable. Generalized @entity410 occurred at 2 weeks of age with @entity3747 . They recurred at 7 months of age and have become aggravated since. During hospitalization, in addition to @entity3747 and @entity1272 , he was found to have @entity261 , @entity296 , and @entity1010 . Excessive renal loss of @entity1760 , general @entity1944 , or inadequate dietary intake of @entity1760 were excluded. He was successfully treated with oral supplements of 19-25 mmole/day of @entity1760 . Over a few months, he made a dramatic progress in development. His @entity261 and @entity296 gradually resolved. However, intermittent @entity410 and @entity1155 persisted up to his present age of 6 3/12 years. At 4 months of age his younger sister also developed @entity410 and was found to have @entity1272 . This was corrected by oral @entity1760 and followed by resolution of the @entity410 . She has developed normally up to her present age of 1 10/12 years. Both @entity1 are currently maintained on oral @entity8894 .

title: Familial primary XXXX complicated with @entity1010 and @entity296 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal malabsorption']

entities_list: @entity8894 :: ('MESH:D008277', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium oxide']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['isolated hypomagnesemia', 'hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor retardation']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1272 :: (MESH:C537153,Disease) :: ['hypomagnesemia']


abstract: Chemotherapy is highly cytotoxic, causing a number of severe adverse effects such as @entity1209 . Herbal medicines, which can often be used on a daily basis for prolonged treatment, may be clinically beneficial. Ganoderma lucidum or Lingzhi mushroom has been recognized as a remedy in treating a number of medical conditions, including balancing immunity and decreasing drug-induced side effects. It has been shown that @entity35 react to emetic stimuli, like the chemotherapy agent @entity900 , by increased consumption of @entity4563 , known as pica; and this @entity35 model has been utilized to evaluate novel anti-emetic compounds. In this study, we evaluated the effects of a G. lucidum extract (SunRecome, the most commonly used Lingzhi mushroom extract in China) in attenuating @entity900 -induced @entity1209 in the @entity35 pica model. We observed that intraperitoneal @entity900 injection caused a significant increase in @entity4563 intake at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, reflecting @entity900 's @entity1209 action. This @entity900 -induced @entity4563 intake dose-dependently decreased after 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg G. lucidum extract injection (p < 0.01). In addition, there was a significant reduction of food intake after @entity900 . The @entity900 -induced food intake reduction improved significantly after G. lucidum extract administrations in a dose-related manner (p < 0.01), suggesting a supportive effect of the extract on general body condition. Future controlled clinical trials are needed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of this herbal medication.

title: Effects of ganoderma lucidum extract on chemotherapy-induced @entity1209 in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: We studied the effect of increased coronary venous pressure ( @entity1485 ) on left ventricular (LV) function in nine anesthetized open-chested @entity742 . @entity1485 was increased by inflating a balloon in the coronary sinus. LV function was estimated by measuring maximum rate of change in LV pressure (dP/dt max) and LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). Left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery blood flow was measured with an electromagnetic flow probe. A control group (n=6) was studied similarly except that @entity1485 was not elevated. After completion of the experiment, LV wet/dry weight ratios were measured to estimate LV myocardial water content. The balloon inflation increased @entity1485 from 8.6+/-1.1 to 23.8+/-1.7 mmHg (mean+/-SEM), which decreased dP/dt max from 1611+/-236 at baseline to 1041+/-210 after 120 min of increased @entity1485 (P < 0.05). The dP/dt max in the control group did not change significantly. Heart rate, LAD flow, LVEDP, and aortic pressures were similar in two groups but the LV water content was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the experimental group (76.2+/-1.0 vs. 79.1+/-0.5%). These data suggest that acute increases in @entity1485 result in @entity1002 and that @entity301 and @entity296 may, at least in part, be responsible for this finding.

title: Effect of increased coronary venous pressure on left ventricular function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial edema']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary vascular congestion']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: Aim. The aim of the work was to study whether wearing a corrective brace by adolescent @entity1 with severe @entity2112 can influence external shape of the trunk. Methods. Comparison of clinical deformity of two groups of @entity1 matched for age and Cobb angle: group (1) of 23 @entity1 , aged 14.9    1.3 years, Cobb angle 55.0      6.8  , who refused surgical treatment and have been wearing Ch  neau brace for more than 6 months, compared with group (2) of 22 @entity1 , aged 14.1    1.8 years, Cobb angle 59.7      14.6   never treated with corrective bracing. Clinical deformity was assessed with the Bunnell scoliometer (angle of trunk rotation ATR) and surface topography (posterior trunk symmetry index POTSI and Hump Sum @entity8682 ). Results. The ATR in the primary curvature was 11.9      3.4   (5  -18  ) in group 1 versus 15.1      5.6   (6  -25  ) in group 2 (P = 0.027). The @entity8682 was 16.8      3.8 versus 19.2      4.6, respectively, P = 0.07. The POTSI value did not differ between groups. Conclusion. @entity1 with Cobb angle above 45 degrees, who have been subjected to brace treatment, revealed smaller clinical deformity of their back comparing to nontreated @entity1 having similar radiological curvatures.

title: Corrective bracing for severe XXXX in adolescence: influence of brace on trunk morphology.

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

answer: @entity2112 :: (MESH:C564593,Disease) :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay is described for identification and quantification of the antifreezes @entity10977 (EG) and @entity27559 (DEG) in plasma for early diagnosis of a @entity47530 intoxication. After addition of @entity47272 as internal standard, the plasma sample was deproteinized by @entity1324 and an aliquot of the supernatant was evaporated followed by microwave-assisted pivalylation. After gas chromatographic separation, the glycols were first identified by comparison of the full mass spectra with reference spectra and then quantified. The quantification has been validated according to the criteria established by the Journal of Chromatography B. The assay was found to be selective. The calibration curves for EG and DEG were linear from 0.1 g/l to 1.0 g/l. The limit of detection for EG and DEG was 0.01 g/l and the limit of quantification for both was 0.1 g/l. The absolute recoveries were 50 and 65% for the low quality control samples and 51 and 73% for the high quality control samples of EG and DEG, respectively. Intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision were inside the required limits. The glycols in frozen plasma samples were stable for more than 6 months. The method was successfully applied to several authentic plasma samples from @entity1 intoxicated with glycols. It has also been suitable for analysis of EG and DEG in urine.

title: Validated gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay for determination of the antifreezes @entity10977 and @entity27559 in XXXX plasma after microwave-assisted pivalylation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity27559 :: ('MESH:C013484', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity10977 :: ('MESH:D019855', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene glycol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We report the first case of @entity8466 in a 71 year old @entity1 with an aortic prosthetic valve. He was febrile with left upper @entity158 and left lower lobe infiltrate in chest X ray. The diagnosis was made by gram-positive bacilli grown from three blood cultures. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiogram showed a paraaortic abscess. A computed tomographic scan of the abdomen revealed a large @entity733 . He received @entity3397 4 million units every 4 hours intravenously. A successful percutaneous drainage guided computed tomographic scan was performed. The @entity1 remained febrile and a new computed tomographic scan of the abdomen revealed residual @entity733 . A splenectomy was performed. The @entity1 defervesced on the second day of surgery and remained afebrile during the remainder of his hospitalization. He has returned for medical follow-up and two years later the @entity1 is asymptomatic.

title: [Prosthetic endocarditis and XXXX caused by Clostridium clostridiformis].

entities_list: @entity8466 :: ('MESH:D003015', 'Disease') :: ['Clostridium clostridiformis endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['splenic abscess']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin G']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['quadrant pain']

answer: @entity733 :: (MESH:D000038,Disease) :: ['splenic abscess']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Techniques for the surgical treatment of thyroid related strabismus vary and include non-adjustable (standard), [postop'] adjustable suture, and a newer procedure aimed at correcting restriction rather than using dose/response tables.This study reports the results utilizing standard strabismus procedures for the treatment of @entity1374 . METHODS: Charts of 31 consecutive @entity1 who underwent surgery in the pst 5 years for restrictive strabismus secondary to @entity1374 were retrospectively reviewed. All surgery was performed by recession and reattachment of the muscle to the globe, allowing for no postoperative adjustment. Standard doses were used for all primary surgery and slightly modified in some cases of reoperation, but the general principal was from a standard published nomogram. RESULTS: All 31 @entity1 had preoperative @entity892 and restricted motility. 22 @entity1 wore prisms prior to surgery. Of the 31 @entity1 who underwent surgery 9 required a second operation. After reoperation 5 @entity1 (16%) continued to have @entity892 . However, 4 of these @entity1 were able to achieve single binocular vision with a small amount of prism. Only 2 @entity1 were unable to achieve single binocular vision with or without prism. 22 @entity1 (71%) had full ocular motility after surgery. After one surgery, 25 of 31 @entity1 (81%) were satisfied with the results of surgery. This increased to 29 @entity1 (94%) after reoperation. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that strabismus surgery for restrictive @entity1374 using standard technique and table amounts of surgery can provide excellent results and @entity1 satisfaction.

title: Standard strabismus surgery in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid ophthalmopathy']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid ophthalmopathy']


abstract: Our objective was to elaborate a functional map of the globus pallidus by correlating the intrapallidal localization of quadripolar electrodes implanted in @entity191 @entity1 with the clinical effect of the stimulation of each contact. Five @entity1 with @entity3034 -responsive @entity191 presenting severe motor fluctuations and @entity3034 -induced @entity910 were treated by continuous bilateral high-frequency stimulation of the globus pallidus. The effects of stimulation on @entity191 were tested through each of the four stimulating contacts of each electrode. The anatomical localization of each of the stimulating contacts was determined by confronting the pre- and post-operative magnetic resonance imaging with the anatomical atlas of Schaltenbrand and Wharen.(34) The registration procedure comprised digitization of the atlas, the use of deformation tools to fit atlas sections with magnetic resonance imaging sections, and three-dimensional reconstruction of both the atlas and the magnetic resonance imaging sections. Analysis of the 32 stimulating contacts tested did not reveal a somatotopic organization in the pallidal region investigated but demonstrated that high-frequency stimulation had contrasting effects depending on whether it was applied to the external or the internal pallidum. @entity910 was improved by stimulation of the external pallidum but worsened by stimulation of the internal pallidum. In contrast, @entity2003 was improved by stimulation of either part of the pallidum. The areas in the internal pallidum where stimulation worsened @entity910 were those in which stimulation reduced or suppressed @entity3034 -induced @entity910 . Conversely, stimulation applied to the external pallidum induced @entity910 . The fact that @entity2003 was improved by stimulation of the internal and external pallidum suggests that the neuronal bases of @entity2003 are different from those of @entity910 and @entity910 . The effect on @entity910 and @entity910 is in agreement with the current model of basal ganglia circuitry(10) if high-frequency stimulation activates rather than inhibits pallidal neurons, a possibility which is very likely since there are marked anatomical, biochemical and electrophysiological differences between the globus pallidus and the subthalamic nucleus. This study demonstrates that high-frequency stimulation of the globus pallidus in @entity191 @entity1 has contrasting effects depending on whether it is applied to the external or the internal part of this nucleus. The effect on @entity910 and @entity910 suggests that stimulation activates pallidal neurons, a result which challenges the generally accepted concept that high-frequency stimulation inactivates neurons in the region stimulated.

title: Functional mapping of the XXXX globus pallidus: contrasting effect of stimulation in the internal and external pallidum in @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian rigidity', 'rigidity']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesias', 'akinesia', 'Akinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian disability', 'parkinsonian']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In renal preservation, the longer the organ is cold stored the greater the damage to the organ. The mechanism of hypothermic-induced @entity8 is not known. In this study the effects of long-term preservation (up to 120 h) of the @entity235 kidney on mitochondrial functions in an homogenate of kidney cortex tissue was investigated. Kidneys were exposed to either @entity63 (0 to 90 min) @entity63 (0, 72, 96, and 120 h). The mitochondrial @entity26 uptake was measured in an homogenate. In both warm and @entity63 there were changes in the mitochondrial utilization of @entity26 . The changes were characterized as a decrease in uncoupler stimulated @entity26 uptake by up to 40%, an increase in @entity4626 -sensitive respiration by up to about 150%, and a decrease in the respiratory control ratio (uncoupler control ratio) from about 3 to 1. These changes in mitochondrial utilization of @entity26 were partially reversed by including albumin in the respiration medium. Albumin binds free @entity1718 and these may originate, during @entity63 , from the action of phospholipases during @entity63 . The changes in mitochondrial @entity26 uptake may result from both the loss of membrane-bound phospholipids and the accumulation of free @entity1718 . The changes in mitochondrial activity between 72 h (viable kidneys on transplantation) and 96 to 120 h preservation (nonviable kidneys) were not significant. Furthermore, reperfusion of kidneys preserved for 72 to 120 h resulted in a restoration of mitochondrial @entity26 uptake to near normal (control) values. Thus, it does not appear that the limitation of successful long-term renal preservation is due to @entity2383 caused by @entity63 .

title: Energy metabolism and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['cold ischemia', 'warm ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4626 :: ('MESH:D009840', 'Chemical') :: ['oligomycin']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial injury']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blunt carotid injuries (BCIs) are uncommon. Most single-center studies are small and highlight the use of anticoagulation for treatment. In a retrospective review, we identified 22 @entity1 who presented with BCI and assessed neurologic and survival outcomes on the basis of injury grade and treatment with anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy. METHODS: @entity1 demographics were identified using the @entity130 registry at a single Level I @entity130 center. Chart reviews assessed neurologic function, modalities used for diagnosis, and treatment. Neurologic outcomes were graded good (minimal to no deficit), fair (moderate deficit needing some assistance), poor (requiring institutionalization), and dead. RESULTS: Twenty-two adult @entity130 @entity1 were diagnosed with BCI, for an incidence of 0.45% in the 8-year study period. All BCI @entity1 underwent head computed tomography and four-vessel cerebral arteriography. Eight @entity1 were not anticoagulated, five because of @entity1504 , two who had surgical CCA repairs, and one with an @entity130 . Full anticoagulation with heparin was attempted in seven @entity1 , with four major @entity548 complications requiring cessation of heparin and blood transfusions. Seven patients received antiplatelet therapy. No difference in neurologic outcome was observed between those receiving anticoagulation and those receiving antiplatelet therapy. Bleeding complications from full anticoagulation were higher than with antiplatelet agents (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: Contrary to previous reports, we did not observe improved outcomes with full anticoagulation compared with antiplatelet therapy. Anticoagulation was associated with increased extracranial @entity548 complications. The risks and possible benefits, as well as timing, of anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy for BCI should be carefully weighed by the major care providers of the @entity1 with @entity1230 .

title: Antiplatelet therapy: an alternative to heparin for blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial injuries']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['aortic injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['carotid injury']


abstract: Tumor-to- @entity5 @entity3 is rare. We report a case of @entity1358 in @entity1653 . A 67-year-old @entity1 presented a two-week history of motor @entity1282 and decreased short-term memory. She had undergone a left radical nephrectomy for a @entity1358 7 years ago, and had not received any adjuvant therapy. MRI disclosed a 3.0 x 3.0 x 3.0-cm sized round tentorial-based extraaxial mass with @entity4 in the left posterior temporal lobe. During operation, the @entity5 was found to be an encapsulated mass firmly attached to the tentorium. Histologically, the @entity5 was a @entity1653 extensively infiltrated by @entity1358 , accompanying @entity39 . Immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin revealed strong positivity only in the @entity1358 component. The @entity1 's postoperative course was uneventful. Post-operative radiation therapy was applied to the whole brain. Three months after operation, the @entity1 developed @entity1269 and @entity1282 . Brain MRI at that time did not reveal recurrence or any other causative lesions, although the whole body scan disclosed uptake at the second lumbar vertebra and rib. The @entity1 refused further treatment.

title: XXXX in a @entity1653 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['widespread coagulative necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['peritumoral edema']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['right hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningotheliomatous meningioma', 'meningioma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Metastatic renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: 1. Calcification in @entity3299 is not warranting a healing process, but may be a clinical manifestation of the disease. 2. Calcification presenting at least one year after the start of treatment should be considered differently from @entity730 first seen on presentation, and s,ould be treated in the same way as @entity1290 . In view of the high incidence of associated active @entity3299 , @entity730 present when first seen should be removed, preferably with partial excision if the lesion is amenable to this form of treatment, but if it is not removed, @entity1 should be followed up indefinitely, as complications can occur at any time. 3. Extra- @entity8 is more common in @entity1 suffering from @entity5464 who present with @entity8 . 4. The incidence of @entity8 in @entity1 suffering from @entity3299 is increasing. This could either be due to the host, the pathogenic organism, or possibly the treatment. As the host and treatment have not changed, it would suggest some alteration in the character of the organism.

title: Renal XXXX in @entity5464 a clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal calcification']

entities_list: @entity5464 :: ('MESH:D014565', 'Disease') :: ['genito-urinary tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity3299 :: ('MESH:D014398', 'Disease') :: ['renal tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal calculi']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcification']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The incidence and clinical significance of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies in a cohort of Chinese @entity1 with @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ) and adults with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) were studied. METHODS: Anti-CCP antibodies were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 59 @entity1 with @entity4932 , 129 adult @entity309 @entity1 , 48 @entity1 with diseases other than @entity4932 , 68 adult @entity1 with @entity627 other than @entity309 , and 60 normal adults. Associations between anti-CCP antibodies and clinical and laboratory parameters were determined by Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Six of 59 (10.2%) @entity1 with @entity4932 and 71 of 129 (55%) @entity1 with @entity309 were positive for anti-CCP. Four of five RF-positive @entity4932 @entity1 and two of 54 RF-negative @entity4932 @entity1 were positive (p<0.001). One paediatric @entity1 with @entity566 (0.9%) and two adult @entity1 with @entity627 other than @entity309 (2.3%) were positive. All healthy controls were negative for anti-CCP. The specificity was 99.1% for @entity4932 and 98.4% for @entity309 . The sensitivity was 10.2% for @entity4932 and 55% for @entity309 . Positive predictive values were 85.7% for @entity4932 and 97.3% for @entity309 and negative predictive values were 66.9% for @entity4932 and 68.5% for @entity309 . CONCLUSION: The anti-CCP antibody assay is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of @entity309 and a subset of @entity4932 in Chinese @entity1 . It could be a useful predictive test for joint erosion in @entity4932 of the polyarticular RF-positive subset and may be influential in the choice of the best therapeutic strategy in @entity1 with recent-onset @entity625 .

title: Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide: diagnostic and prognostic values in XXXX and @entity309 in a Chinese population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']


abstract: To identify Ito cells in normal and pathological adult @entity1 livers, immunohistochemical studies were performed by the avidin- @entity1885 -peroxidase complex method using monoclonal antibodies for @entity1970 ( @entity1970 ), @entity2283 , and @entity2277 . Fifty one needle biopsies, 7 surgically resected specimens, and 5 autopsy specimens were studied. In the normal adult liver vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes, together with perisinusoidal cells with thin cytoplasmic processes were positive for @entity1970 . These latter cells formed a loose and discontinuous layer along the sinusoidal walls. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that the @entity1970 -positive perisinusoidal cells were Ito cells containing fat droplets. The other sinusoidal lining cells were negative for @entity1970 . In @entity409 , @entity1970 -positive Ito cells showed an increase in number, size, and the intensity of immunostaining in areas of piece-meal @entity39 ), and formed a continuous cellular network. These cells were dendritic in shape with irregularly elongated cytoplasmic processes and contained an increased amount of microfilaments, in association with loss of the characteristic fat droplets. Thus, their ultrastructural features corresponded to those of myofibroblastic cells. Ito cells showed no staining for @entity2283 in both normal and pathological livers. These results indicate that immunohistochemistry using an anti- @entity1970 antibody is a sensitive and reliable method for the identification of both normal and transformed Ito cells in adult @entity1 livers.

title: Immunohistochemical identification of Ito cells and their myofibroblastic transformation in adult XXXX liver.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1970 :: ('58', 'Gene') :: ['ASMA', 'alpha-smooth muscle actin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To provide an analysis of conditional survival (CS) in @entity5 @entity1 . @entity5 survival is typically reported in terms of survival from time of diagnosis. CS can provide improved prognostic information for @entity1 surviving a given period after diagnosis. METHODS: Data from 36,321 @entity5 @entity1 diagnosed between 1988 and 1998 were analyzed using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER 17) database. Observed 5-year CS rates according to disease stage, age, sex, and race were calculated using the life-table method. RESULTS: As survival from diagnosis increased from 0 to 5 years, the 5-year observed CS changed from 73% to 74% for stage I disease, 56% to 66% for stage II, 47% to 65% for stage III, and 6% to 48% for stage IV. @entity1 aged 65 years and over at diagnosis had lower CS than those under 65 years, both at diagnosis (45% vs. 61%) and at 5 years from diagnosis (59% vs. 81%). @entity1 had slightly lower 5-year survival than @entity1 , both at diagnosis (50% vs. 53%) and after 5 years (68% vs. 71%). Black @entity1 had slightly lower survival than white @entity1 for nearly all time points and stages. CONCLUSION: For @entity5 @entity1 who survive a given period of time after diagnosis, the largest increases in CS are in @entity1 with advanced stage disease and for those under 65 years of age. CS can provide more accurate prognostic information for @entity5 @entity1 who survive a given period after diagnosis.

title: Conditional Survival in XXXX : A SEER Database Analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Men']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Rectal Cancer']


abstract: 1. Seven randomized controlled trials of intravenous @entity1242 in a total of about 850 @entity1 have been reported. Overall, there were 51 deaths (12.5%) in the @entity1242 group and 87 (20%) in the control group. This indicates a 48% reduction in the odds of @entity204 (P less than 0.001, 95% confidence limits (25% to 64%)). 2. There are five randomized trials of oral @entity3362 after @entity583 . In these trials, 11.8% of the @entity1 in the @entity1507 group compared with 13.3% in the control group died. This indicates a nonsignificant 12% reduction in the odds of @entity204 but the 95% confidence interval overlaps widely with the i.v. trials. If all trials of i.v. or oral @entity3362 are considered the reduction in the odds of @entity204 is 32% (P less than 0.01). 3. @entity3362 have a beneficial effect on haemodynamics in @entity712 but the data on mortality effects are sparse. In combination with @entity2514 , however, long-term mortality was reduced in the V-HEFT trial of chronic @entity712 .

title: Effects of @entity3362 on mortality in XXXX and in @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrates', 'nitrates']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1092 and @entity2889 are frequently used in the intensive care unit to treat @entity410 and serious infections, respectively. Several case reports have described a remarkable interaction between the drugs when administered concurrently. The interaction leads to a significant drop in plasma concentrations of @entity1092 within 24 hours and relapse of @entity410 in some @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a consecutive population of hospitalized @entity1 who were simultaneously treated with @entity2889 and @entity1092 and assess the effect on @entity302 activity. METHODS: A retrospective study of an 18 month period was performed to assess the extent and clinical impact of this interaction. To assess the relevance of the interaction, the time-relationship between the drop in plasma concentrations and relapse in @entity410 activity and/or deterioration of electroencephalogram recordings was determined. We investigated other contributing proconvulsive cofactors and concomitant antiepileptic treatment. Drug interaction probability scale (DIPS) scores were calculated. RESULTS: Thirty-nine @entity1 were treated simultaneously with @entity1092 and @entity2889 . The pharmacokinetic interaction was observed in all 39 @entity1 , with an average drop in @entity1092 plasma concentrations of 66%. The decrease occurred within 24 hours, as shown in 19 @entity1 who had daily plasma concentration monitoring. The clinical impact of the interaction could not be assessed in 19 (49%) @entity1 due to @entity204 (n = 13) or incomplete charts (n = 6). In the remaining 20 (51%) @entity1 , DIPS scores were calculated and clinical relevance was assessed. The interaction was considered to be probable in 16 @entity1 and possible in 4, as calculated by the DIPS. The interaction contributed to electroclinical deterioration in 11 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The pharmacokinetic interaction between @entity1092 and @entity2889 was present in all @entity1 and led to a drop of @entity1092 concentrations with an average of 66% within 24 hours. This interaction was clinically relevant with electroclinical deterioration in 55% of @entity1 . To avoid @entity1 ' possible @entity16 , @entity2889 and @entity1092 should not be administered together.

title: Interaction between @entity1092 and XXXX : a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate', 'Valproate']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

answer: @entity2889 :: (MESH:C059500,Chemical) :: ['meropenem']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1205 and @entity1206 are active agents in the treatment of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). The efficacy and @entity137 of this combination was evaluated in a Phase II study in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . METHODS: Forty-six chemotherapy-naive @entity1 (44 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 with a median age of 64 years) with @entity1149 (11 with Stage IIIB and 35 with Stage IV disease) were entered into the study; the World Health Organization (WHO) performance status was 0, 1, and 2 in 32, 11, and 3 @entity1 , respectively. @entity1 received @entity1206 (25 mg/m2) on Day 1 and @entity1205 (100 mg/m2) on Day 2 in cycles repeated every 3 weeks. @entity1261 was given to all @entity1 from Day 3 to Day 10. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-seven courses of chemotherapy were administered. Adverse events included WHO Grade 4 @entity1398 (15 @entity1 ), Grade 3/4 @entity882 (3 @entity1 ), Grade 3 @entity417 (2 @entity1 ), Grade 2 and 3 @entity2359 (7 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 , respectively), and Grade 3 fatigue (2 @entity1 ). Twenty @entity1 (43%) required hospitalization: 11 (24%) for @entity221 (2 deaths from sepsis), and 9 (20%) for @entity358 (2 deaths from @entity1887 ). The median overall survival was 5 months and the 1-year survival was 24%. Four complete responses (9.8%) and 11 partial responses (26.8%) (overall response rate of 36.6%; 95% confidence interval, 21.8-51.3%) were documented in 41 evaluable @entity1 (intent-to-treat: 32.6%). Stable and progressive disease occurred in 13 @entity1 each (31.7%). The median duration of response was 5 months and the median time to progression was 3 months (6 months for the responders). CONCLUSIONS: This schedule of @entity1205 and @entity1206 combination is effective but its relatively high incidence of complicated @entity1398 precludes its general use in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 .

title: First-line treatment of advanced @entity1149 with @entity1205 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'nonsmall cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['nonneutropenic pulmonary infections']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['Docetaxel', 'docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['vinorelbine']


abstract: Pancreata with @entity5 also frequently have intraductal proliferative lesions, suggesting an association between @entity788 and these lesions. We present three cases in which atypical @entity1373 was documented 17 months to 10 years before the development of an infiltrating @entity420 . The first @entity1 was a 70-year-old @entity1 who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for @entity420 . Atypical @entity1373 extended to the pancreatic neck margin of resection, but the margin was negative for infiltrating @entity189 . Nine years later, an infiltrating @entity420 developed in the remaining pancreas. The second @entity1 was a 58-year-old @entity1 who underwent distal pancreatectomy for chronic @entity788 with @entity9007 . Histologic examination showed chronic @entity788 and multiple foci of atypical @entity1373 . Ten years later, the @entity1 underwent a Whipple procedure for infiltrating @entity420 . The third @entity1 was a 46-year-old @entity1 with recurrent @entity788 who underwent a Whipple procedure. Histologic examination showed atypical @entity1373 and chronic @entity788 but no infiltrating @entity189 . At the time of surgery, the tail of the pancreas was grossly and radiographically normal. Seventeen months later, a @entity3483 developed, and postmortem examination showed infiltrating @entity420 in the tail of the pancreas. In the cases presented, atypical @entity1377 was documented 17 months, 9 years, and 10 years before the development of infiltrating @entity420 , supporting the concept that there is a progression from @entity1373 to infiltrating @entity788 , just as there is a progression from @entity652 to infiltrating @entity189 in the colorectum. Based on evidence that these intraductal lesions are precursor lesions to infiltrating @entity420 , we suggest that the term " @entity1373 " be replaced by the more specific term " @entity788 ."

title: Progression of @entity788 to infiltrating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia', 'carcinoma of the pancreas', 'pancreatitis', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia', 'papillary duct hyperplasia', 'intraductal hyperplasia', 'papillary hyperplasia of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocyst']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report the case-series of Leydig cell tumors diagnosed at our center, and to perform a bibliographic review on the topic. METHODS: Retrospective review of the clinical records of all @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity8302 in our center over the last 12 years. We evaluated the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic features, as well as outcomes. RESULTS: Four @entity1 were diagnosed and treated in our department over this period. Mean @entity1 age of the time of diagnosis was 51 years. Each of our cases have a different presentation. The two @entity1 who underwent sperm analysis had @entity3893 . None of the cases showed anomalous hormonal studies. Seventy-five percent of the cases showed ultrasound signs compatible with @entity5 . In all of them surgical treatment was undertaken (inguinal orchyectomy); one of the @entity1 underwent chemotherapy due to @entity3 , having a good response. Mean follow-up is 76 months. CONCLUSIONS: It is a rare @entity5 . Inguinal orchyectomy is the treatment of choice. Its good outcome is remarkable.

title: [ XXXX : our experience. Bibliographic review].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular neoplasia', 'testicular tumor']

entities_list: @entity8302 :: ('MESH:D007984', 'Disease') :: ['Leydig cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity8302 :: (MESH:D007984,Disease) :: ['Leydig cell tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In aortic reconstruction, intestinal and muscular ischaemia in the lower limbs occurs during cross-clamping of the aorta. After restoration of blood flow, reactive @entity26 intermediates may lead to @entity1317 to local or remote organs. In this study we investigated the usefulness of a shunt and @entity270 administration against the oxidant load generated in ischaemia-reperfusion phases. METHODS: In three groups of @entity1707 (n=16) aortic reconstruction was simulated. In Group A (n=5) clamping of the infrarenal aorta was performed for 2 hours. In Group B (n=6), during aortic cross-clamping, a shunt was used to give flow to the inferior mesenteric and internal iliac arteries. In Group C (n=5) @entity270 was administered before aortic cross-clamping. In all groups we evaluated sigmoid histology after reperfusion, while the oxidant load was estimated by measuring @entity224 dismutase (SOD) activity in blood samples from portal and jugular vein. RESULTS: Histology of the sigmoid revealed @entity130 in Group A, while the protective effect of shunt and @entity270 was apparent in Group B and C, respectively. SOD activity was minimized in Group C. CONCLUSIONS: @entity270 protected the sigmoid from @entity130 and is responsible for the decreased levels of SOD activity.

title: XXXX free radicals in abdominal aortic surgery. An experimental study.

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin E', 'vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['systemic injury']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['increased postischaemic injuries', 'postischaemic injury']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['Oxygen']