abstract: Aim of this study was to re-evaluate the indications for fasciotomy in war @entity1317 of the lower extremities. Retrospective and partially prospective analysis of 31 @entity1 with surgical revascularisation performed during 1999 was done. Fasciotomy has been used as a prophylactic measure against development of Compartment Syndrome (CSy) in three out of ten @entity1 within the first group where @entity63 time was less than six hours before the time of repair. The second group, where @entity63 time was longer than six hours before the time of repair, prophylactic fasciotomy (measured compartmental pressure lower than 30 mmHg) was performed in 8 @entity1 . In 13 @entity1 with already developed CSy fasciotomy was performed as the delayed treatment (measured compartmental pressure higher than 30 mmHg). Neither one of @entity1 from the first group developed CSy. All @entity1 who developed CSy had @entity39 of neuromuscular tissues at the time of surgery. Musculectomy was required in five and limb amputation in six @entity1 . The conclusion of this study is that when the @entity63 time is less than six hours before the time of repair fasciotomy is not necessary. When the period from injury to the revascularisation is longer than six hours the prophylactic fasciotomy is recommended.

title: [Indications and results of fasciotomy in XXXX of the lower extremities].

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['vascular injuries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of disease activity and other risk factors on @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in untreated @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). METHODS: Lumbar and hip @entity79 were determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 50 healthy controls and 120 premenopausal @entity1252 females from Department of Rheumatology _ Immunology, Third Hospital of Medical College of Jilin University during the period of 2010 - 2012. The @entity1252 @entity1 were divided into 2 groups, i.e. untreated and treated with glucocorticoid and immunosuppressives. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine the associations between @entity79 and disease-related variables. To completely eliminate the influences of glucocorticoid treatment on the results, the untreated @entity1252 @entity1 were chosen to investigate the risk factors with regression analysis. RESULTS: In femoral neck, greater trochanter and total hip, both the treated and untreated @entity1252 @entity1 had significantly lower @entity79 than the healthy controls (P < 0.01). In greater trochanter, the treated @entity1252 group had significantly lower @entity79 than the untreated group. The @entity79 of left and right femoral neck of the former were botj -0.06 while that of the later -0.11 and -0.12 respectively (P < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that long disease duration and high ( @entity1252 disease activity index) SLEDAI were the risk factors of low @entity79 (P < 0.05), especially high SLEDAI. CONCLUSION: @entity1252 itself may result in low @entity79 , especially in @entity1 with high SLEDAI. @entity572 are predominantly affected. Long disease duration is also closely associated with low @entity79 in @entity1252 .

title: [Bone mineral density and disease activity in untreated XXXX @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['Hip joints']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: Purified @entity35 red blood cells, which express the A region antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) with which anti-RT-1 (H-1; Ag-B) haemagglutinins combine, fail to stimulate the production of either haemagglutinating antibodies or cellular immunity in allogeneic hosts. Allogeneic red blood cells may in appropriate circumstances be mildly immunosuppressive. Intraperitoneally injected allogeneic red blood cells persist in the host circulation for several weeks. The immune response to skin allografts does not accelerate the destruction of circulating donor strain red blood cells, although the administration of alloantiserum with a high haemagglutinin titre can do so. The manner in which allogeneic red blood cells effect immunosuppression is unknown. Approximately 75% of the red blood cells administered i.v. to nonimmune allogeneic hosts are destroyed, by mechanisms unknown, during the first 6 days after injection. By contrast, about one-half of this number of red blood cells are destroyed by syngeneic hosts during the same period. Red blood cells and platelets in rodents are probably similar in expressing A region ( @entity35 ) or K-D region (mice) antigens of the MHC, in being nonimmunogenic by themselves and in their capacity for effecting limited immunosuppression. If @entity1 platelets have similar attributes, the administration of platelets bearing the appropriate @entity2149 , and C antigens might be a useful adjunct to conventional immunosuppression in the management of allografts in @entity1 . Likewise, the platelet component of blood transfusions might account for their beneficial effect in some renal allograft recipients.

title: Allogeneic red blood cells fail to induce haemagglutinating antibodies or cellular alloimmunity in XXXX and are immunosuppressive.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity17873 , a phosphodiesterase-inhibitor, is a potent inotropic vasodilator agent that causes a marked improvement in hemodynamics in @entity1 with @entity712 . The acute effects of oral @entity17873 on rest and exercise hemodynamics, ejection fraction, aerobic metabolism, exercise capacity, and @entity943 were studied in 11 @entity1 with moderate to moderately severe @entity296 after 8 days of @entity17873 (100 mg tid) in addition to baseline therapy (diuretics and digitalis). The cardiac index increased from 2.44 +/- 0.45 to 2.72 +/- 0.50 l/min/m2 (p less than 0.01) at rest and from 4.00 +/- 0.96 to 4.75 +/- 0.95 l/min/m2 (p less than 0.005) during exercise. Pulmonary wedge pressure decreased from 16.8 +/- 7.3 to 12.5 +/- 6.5 mmHg (p less than 0.005) at rest and from 28.2 +/- 8.0 to 24.5 +/- 10.3 mmHg (p less than 0.05) during exercise. Systemic vascular resistance decreased from 1608 +/- 243 to 1495 +/- 300 dynes*sec*cm-5 (p less than 0.05) at rest and from 1152 +/- 155 to 1027 +/- 236 dynes*sec*cm-5 (ns) during exercise. The anaerobic threshold, which was recorded simultaneously, increased from 13.2 +/- 2.7 to 15.5 +/- 2.5 ml/kg/min VO2 (p less than 0.02). The radionuclide ventriculography ejection fraction improved from 21.7 +/- 5.0 to 28.1 +/- 9.1% (p less than 0.01) during exercise; the changes at rest were not significant (20.8 +/- 6.2 vs 25.8 +/- 8.4%). Exercise tolerance showed an increase of 16% (492 +/- 133 to 573 +/- 135 sec, p less than 0.005). The resting heart rate remained unchanged (81.8 +/- 13.4 vs 81.8 +/- 11.9). Interestingly, 24-h Holter monitoring revealed more or new repetitive @entity943 in 9/11 @entity1 .

title: Short-term effects of oral @entity17873 on hemodynamics, exercise capacity, anaerobic threshold, and XXXX in @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['dilative cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity17873 :: ('MESH:D017335', 'Chemical') :: ['enoximone', 'Enoximone']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Anti- @entity3391 (anti- @entity3391 ) receptor @entity198 is a treatable cause of @entity14752 . It remains unclear if the natural history of this disease is altered by choice of acute therapy or the employment of chronic immunotherapy. Chart review was undertaken for pediatric @entity1 diagnosed with anti- @entity3391 receptor @entity198 . Data obtained included @entity1 demographics, disease manifestations, treatment course, and clinical outcomes. Ten patients with anti- @entity3391 receptor @entity198 were identified. All @entity1 were treated with immunotherapy in the acute period, and all @entity1 experienced good recovery. Neurologic relapse did not occur in any @entity1 . All @entity1 received varied forms of chronic immunosuppression to prevent relapses. Complications of chronic immunotherapy occurred in 50% of @entity1 . The benefits of chronic immunotherapy and the duration of use should be carefully weighed against the risks. Complications from immunotherapy are not uncommon and can be serious. Clinical trials assessing the benefit of long-term immunotherapy in this population are needed.

title: Approach to the Management of Pediatric-Onset Anti- @entity3391 (Anti- XXXX ) Receptor @entity198 : A Case Series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14752 :: ('MESH:C535841', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity3391 :: ('D016202', 'Chemical') :: ['NMDA', 'N-methyl-d-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

answer: @entity3391 :: (D016202,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was performed to investigate the serum level of interleukin (IL)-13, @entity3646 , and interferon (IFN)-y in chronic rhinosinusitis with @entity480 (CRSwNP) and subsequent inflammation pattern and comorbidities including @entity565 and @entity117 intolerance. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted on 60 adult @entity1 with CRSwNP with mean age of 37.7  12.7 (ranging from 18 to 70) years, and on 20 healthy controls. Serum levels of @entity4047 , @entity3646 , and @entity379 were assessed, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to be compared between case and control groups. Serum level of total immunoglobulin (Ig) E was also assessed in the @entity1 with CRSwNP. RESULTS: Serum level of @entity4047 in the @entity1 with CRSwNP was significantly higher than the controls (0.98  1.56 vs. 0.34  0.16 pg/ml, respectively, p=0.002). @entity3646 and @entity379 did not differ significantly between the two groups. Total IgE level was significantly increased in the @entity1 with CRSwNP, compared to the normal values (301.43  516.54 IU/ml, p=0.033). Among the @entity1 with CRSwNP, 12/60 (20%) had @entity117 intolerance and 44/60 (73.3%) had @entity565 . IgE was also higher in asthmatics than non-asthmatics @entity1 (364.9  586.6 vs. 126.7  135.7, respectively, p=0.015). @entity1 with @entity117 intolerance had higher levels of @entity379 (4.7  1.4 vs. 4.1  0.6, respectively, p=0.022). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4047 with high level of total IgE was observed in the @entity1 with CRSwNP, which predisposes them to have concomitant @entity565 . @entity379 seems to be down-regulated in the @entity1 with CRSwNP, but could be over-expressed in the presence of @entity117 intolerance.

title: Increased level of @entity4047 , but not @entity3646 and interferon-y in chronic rhinosinusitis with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps']

answer: @entity480 :: (MESH:D009298,Disease) :: ['nasal polyps']


abstract: @entity3528 ( @entity2742 ) is well known complication of long-term @entity5507 . CAPD @entity1 show a peculiar behaviour due to loss of @entity560 metabolites through peritoneum. Severe degrees of @entity2742 may require parathyroidectomy in order to achieve appropriate control. Recently, the possibility of controlling this situation with high oral doses of @entity3873 has been communicated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of this agent on @entity2742 in CAPD @entity1 . Two different groups were constituted according to the length of time on dialysis when @entity2742 was detected. All of the @entity1 had i- @entity461 serum levels five times higher than the normal values (50 pg/ml). During a six month period the daily dose of oral @entity3873 was increased in order to achieve a reduction in i- @entity461 level. The results after this period showed a significant reduction in i- @entity461 levels (614 +/- 378 to 241 +/- 80 pg/ml) with an average increase in oral @entity3873 from 0.16 +/- 0.1 to 0.67 +/- 0.4 with no significant changes in serum @entity460 or @entity3151 . The group with @entity2742 at start of dialysis achieved these effects easier and with lower doses of @entity3873 . We conclude that moderately high doses of oral @entity3873 control secondary @entity2742 in CAPD @entity1 without @entity2741 .

title: XXXX in CAPD @entity1 : its suppressibility with high doses of @entity3873 .

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['Secondary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism', 'HP']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity3528 :: (MESH:D006962,Disease) :: ['Secondary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: @entity344 ( @entity2834 -UGT) is a rare but significant complication in @entity1 with @entity627 . We reviewed records for January 2004 to December 2012 and investigated the occurrence of @entity2834 -UGT in @entity1 with @entity627 to evaluate clinical characteristics, the value of the CMV antigenemia assay, and the association between immunosuppressive therapy and @entity2834 -UGT. Ten @entity2834 -UGT events (six gastric @entity1066 , two @entity2910 , one @entity3621 , and one duodenal @entity1066 ) in nine @entity1 (three @entity309 , three @entity1252 , one @entity6017 , one @entity785 , and one @entity3928 ) were identified based on pathology. Mean age was 66.5 (range, 53-76)   years. The CMV antigenemia assay was negative in five cases (50 %). All ten cases received glucocorticoids and six (60 %) received pulsed glucocorticoids. Mean @entity617 dose was 31.3 (range, 7.5-40)   mg/day at diagnosis. Concomitant immunosuppressive agents were used in eight cases (80 %). Considering other published cases, the most common immunosuppressive drug was @entity786 (ten cases; 45 %). Notably, two of our @entity1 who were treated with low-dose glucocorticoids plus other milder immunosuppressive drugs ( @entity1499 and @entity205 ) also developed @entity2834 -UGT. Life-threatening complications such as @entity548 or perforated @entity1066 occurred in two @entity1 . These results suggest that @entity1 receiving intensive immunosuppressive therapy such as high-dose glucocorticoids and @entity786 are at higher risk for developing @entity2834 -UGT. Moreover, @entity2834 -UGT can occur even with low-dose glucocorticoid therapy and relatively mild immunosuppressive agents. The value of the CMV antigenemia assay for predicting @entity2834 -UGT appears to be limited.

title: XXXX in @entity1 with @entity627 : a case series and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['massive bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['overlap syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['Cytomegalovirus disease of the upper gastrointestinal tract']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['Cytomegalovirus disease of the upper gastrointestinal tract']


abstract: Several studies have demonstrated the long-term beneficial effects of beta-blockers in the treatment of @entity712 . Despite interest in this mode of therapy, clinical application of beta-blockers has been limited due to their negative inotropic effect. A subset of the @entity712 @entity1 do not show improvements with standard beta-blocker therapy. @entity1405 , a new nonselective beta-blocking agent with concurrent alpha-blocking properties, was evaluated in 17 @entity1 with chronic @entity712 secondary to @entity741 . All had resting left ventricular ejection fraction less than or equal to 45% and were maintained on diuretic therapy. Acute hemodynamic measurements were made after administration of intravenous @entity1405 (2.5-7.5 mg) and after chronic therapy for 8 weeks (12.5 to 50 mg b.i.d.). Radionuclide ventriculography, ambulatory intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring, and right heart catheterization were performed before and after 8 weeks of chronic therapy. Twelve @entity1 completed the study (five were withdrawn). Symptomatic and hemodynamic improvements were demonstrated in 11 of the 12 @entity1 after 8 weeks of therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Can intravenous beta-blockade predict long-term hemodynamic benefit in chronic @entity712 secondary to @entity741 ? A comparison of intravenous with oral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1405 :: ('MESH:C043211', 'Chemical') :: ['carvedilol', 'Carvedilol']

answer: @entity1405 :: (MESH:C043211,Chemical) :: ['carvedilol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adolescents and young adults have higher injury rates than their adult counterparts in similar jobs. This study used the working college student population to assess health and safety hazards in the workplace, characterize related @entity3675 and @entity130 , and describe worker health/safety activities provided by employers. METHODS: College students (>= 17 years old) were assessed via online surveys about work history, workplace exposure to hazards, @entity3675 / @entity130 , and workplace health/safety activities. RESULTS: Approximately half (51%) of @entity1 (n   =   1,147) were currently employed at the time of the survey or had been employed while enrolled in college. Restaurants (other than fast food) were the most frequently reported work setting. The most reported workplace hazards included noise exposure and contact with hot liquids/surfaces. Twenty percent of working students experienced @entity130 ; some @entity130 were severe enough to limit students' normal activities for >3 days (30%) or require medical attention (44%). @entity1 had significantly higher prevalence of @entity130 (P   =   0.05) and near-misses (P   <   0.01) at work than @entity1 . Injury occurrence was associated with near-misses (AOR   =   5.08, P   <   0.01) and co-worker @entity130 (AOR   =   3.19, P   <   0.01) after gender and age adjustments. Most (77%) received worker safety training and half were given personal protective equipment (PPE) by their employers. CONCLUSIONS: Risk reduction from workplace @entity130 and illnesses among working college students may be achieved by implementing @entity3675 ( @entity3675 ) strategies including incorporation of @entity3675 in the college curriculum, promotion of @entity3675 by university/college student health services, and improving awareness of @entity3675 online resources among college students, employers, and educators.

title: Assessment of XXXX hazard exposures among working college students.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity3675 :: ('MESH:D009784', 'Disease') :: ['occupational health and safety', 'OHS', 'occupational diseases']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'injury at work']

answer: @entity3675 :: (MESH:D009784,Disease) :: ['occupational health and safety']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obstructive @entity25 is associated with raised blood pressure. If blood pressure can be reduced by nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP), such treatment could reduce risk of @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity27 . Our aim was to see whether nCPAP for @entity25 reduces blood pressure compared with the most robust control intervention subtherapeutic nCPAP. METHODS: We did a randomised parallel trial to compare change in blood pressure in 118 @entity1 with @entity27 (Epworth score > 9, and a > 4% @entity26 desaturation index of > 10 per h) who were assigned to either therapeutic (n=59) or subtherapeutic (59) nCPAP (about 1 cm @entity4358 pressure) for 1 month. The primary outcome was the change in 24-h mean blood pressure. Secondary outcomes were changes in systolic, diastolic, sleep, and wake blood pressure, and relations between blood pressure changes, baseline blood pressure, and severity of @entity25 . FINDINGS: Therapeutic nCPAP reduced mean arterial ambulatory blood pressure by 2.5 mm Hg (SE 0.8), whereas subtherapeutic nCPAP increased blood pressure by 0.8 mm Hg (0.7) (difference -3.3 [95% CI -5.3 to -1.3]; p=0.0013, unpaired t test). This benefit was seen in both @entity551 , and during both sleep and wake. The benefit was larger in @entity1 with more severe @entity25 than those who had less severe apnoea, but was independent of the baseline blood pressure. The benefit was especially large in @entity1 taking drug treatment for blood pressure. INTERPRETATION: In @entity1 with most severe @entity25 , nCPAP reduces blood pressure, providing significant vascular risk benefits, and substantially improving excessive @entity25 and quality of life.

title: Ambulatory blood pressure after therapeutic and subtherapeutic nasal continuous positive airway pressure for XXXX : a randomised parallel trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['systolic and diastolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnoea', 'daytime sleepiness']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea']


abstract: @entity10807 (HeLa x fibroblast) hybrid cells have been utilized to study mechanisms of radiation-induced @entity5 of @entity1 cells in vitro. Previous analysis has shown that loss of active @entity5 suppressor alleles on fibroblast chromosomes 11 and 14 may be required for radiation-induced @entity5 of @entity10807 cells. @entity393 was, therefore, found to be necessary but not sufficient for @entity5 . We postulated that the @entity393 may make the hybrid cells more susceptible to radiation-induced @entity5 , since these cells have already undergone one of the required @entity5 suppressor loss events. Hybrid cells which have lost one copy of chromosome 11 were designated CON104(-11). CON104(-11) hybrid cells were found to have increased X-ray sensitivity and susceptibility to radiation-induced @entity5 when compared with the parental @entity10807 cells. In addition, the neoplastically transformed foci appear to arise earlier after radiation exposure in CON104(-11) versus @entity10807 cells. Furthermore, the plating efficiency (PE) of the progeny of the irradiated CON104(-11) cells, growing in transformation flasks, is persistently lower than parental @entity10807 cells during the 21 day assay period. The lower PE of the progeny of irradiated cells was attributed to the expression of delayed @entity204 /lethal mutations post-irradiation, a reflection of genomic instability. Taken together, the data indicate that previous @entity393 may increase the radiation-induced genomic instability of the hybrid cells, leading to increased radiation sensitivity and @entity5 potential. The data suggest that one possible function of the chromosome 11 @entity5 suppressor gene may be to help maintain genome stability after radiation damage.

title: Previous @entity393 containing a suppressor locus increases radiosensitivity, @entity204 in HeLa x fibroblast XXXX hybrid cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic transformation']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['Loss of chromosome 11 alone', 'loss of chromosome 11']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIMS: @entity259 is an extracolonic manifestation that is present in about 1% to 2% of @entity1 with @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ). Less than 100 cases have been reported in detail. We have investigated the suggestion that @entity1412 associated @entity259 is significantly different morphologically from both papillary and follicular types and can be considered as a separate entity. METHODS AND RESULTS: Specimens from three @entity1 with @entity1412 associated @entity5 , all but one having single nodules, have been analysed. All three @entity1 belonged to an extended kindred (23 siblings in four generations) who had genetic analysis and intensive screening for thyroid nodules. Seven @entity1 had the same @entity1412 mutation at codon 1061. Pathological examination revealed a typical @entity1377 , encapsulated variant, in all @entity1 , with follicular areas in one case. All thyroid specimens, in addition to histological and immunohistological examinations, were also specifically studied for activation of the RET-PTC oncogene, that seems to be restricted to @entity3557 . Two of the three @entity1 had RET-PTC activation ( @entity2750 isoform). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the @entity5 were certainly papillary, at least in the present kindred. Further studies in different families are required for a better understanding of this peculiar @entity5 and of its biological behaviour.

title: @entity259 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'APC', 'FAP']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid carcinoma', 'thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pseudoprogression is a treatment-related reaction with an increase in contrast-enhancing lesion size, followed by subsequent improvement. Differentiating @entity5 recurrence from pseudoprogression remains a problem in neuro-oncology. PURPOSE: To validate the added value of arterial spin labeling (ASL), compared with dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) alone, in distinguishing early @entity5 progression from pseudoprogression in @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity463 ( @entity463 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 117 consecutive @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity463 who underwent surgical resection and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) as standard treatment modality. Sixty-two @entity1 who developed contrast-enhancing lesions were assessed by both ASL and DSC perfusion MRI and classified into groups of early @entity5 recurrence (n = 34) or pseudoprogression (n = 28) based on pathologic analysis or clinical-radiologic follow-up. We used a qualitative analysis and semi-quantitative grade system on the basis of the @entity5 perfusion signal intensity into those equal to white matter (grade I), gray matter (grade II), and blood vessels (grade III) on ASL imaging. ASL grade was correlated with histogram parameters derived from DSC perfusion MRI. RESULTS: Pseudoprogression was observed in 15 (53.6%) @entity1 with ASL grade I, 13 (46.4%) with grade II, and 0 (0%) with grade III, with early @entity5 progression observed in seven (20.6%) @entity1 with ASL grade I, 11 (32.3%) with grade II, and 16 (47.1%) with grade III (P = 0.0022). DSC perfusion histogram parameters differed significantly among ASL grades. ASL grade was an independent predictor differentiating pseudoprogression from early @entity5 progression (odds ratio, 4.73; P = 0.0017). On qualitative review, adjunctive ASL produced eight (12.9%) more accurate results than DSC perfusion MRI alone. CONCLUSION: ASL improves the diagnostic accuracy of DSC perfusion MRI in differentiating pseudoprogression from early @entity5 progression.

title: Pseudoprogression in XXXX with @entity463 : added value of arterial spin labeling to dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-equivalence in serum @entity1011 (SCr) measurements across Dutch laboratories and the consequences hereof on @entity740 ( @entity740 ) staging were examined. METHODS: National data from the Dutch annual external quality organization of 2009 were used. 144 participating laboratories examined 11 pairs of commutable, value-assigned SCr specimens in the range 52-262  mol/L, using Jaffe or enzymatic techniques. Regression equations were created for each participating laboratory (by regressing values as measured by participating laboratories on the target values of the samples sent by the external quality organization); area under the curves were examined and used to rank laboratories. The 10th and 90th percentile regression equation were selected for each technique separately. To evaluate the impact of the variability in SCr measurements and its eventual clinical consequences in a real @entity1 population, we used a cohort of 82424 @entity1 aged 19-106 years. The SCr measurements of these 82424 @entity1 were introduced in the 10th and 90th percentile regression equations. The newly calculated SCr values were used to calculate an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the 4-variable Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry traceable Modification of Diet in @entity8 formula. Differences in @entity740 staging were examined, comparing the stratification outcomes for Jaffe and enzymatic SCr techniques. RESULTS: Jaffe techniques overestimated SCr: 21%, 12%, 10% for SCr target values 52, 73 and 94  mol/L, respectively. For enzymatic assay these values were 0%, -1%, -2%, respectively. eGFR using the MDRD formula and SCr measured by Jaffe techniques, staged @entity1 in a lower @entity740 category. Downgrading to a lower @entity740 stage occurred in 1-42%, 2-37% and 12-78.9% of @entity1 for the 10th and 90th percentile laboratories respectively in @entity740 categories 45-60, 60-90 and >90 ml/min/1.73 m2. Using enzymatic techniques, downgrading occurred only in 2-4% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Enzymatic techniques lead to less variability in SCr measurements than Jaffe techniques, and therefore result in more accurate staging of @entity740 . Therefore the specific enzymatic techniques are preferably used in clinical practice in order to generate more reliable GFR estimates.

title: Clinical evaluation of analytical variations in serum XXXX measurements: why laboratories should abandon Jaffe techniques.

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze Apert and Crouzon skulls from three-dimensional (3-D) reconstructions of CT-scans. 12 Apert @entity1 and 19 with @entity2168 were included in the study. The age range was 0 to 23 years. All CT-scannings were carried out according to the same protocol with a slice thickness of 2 or 4 mm and 3-D reconstructions of the craniofacial region included midsagittal and horizontal cuts. A number of qualitative characteristics of the calvaria and cranial base were recorded and the cranial base angle was measured on the 3-D models. Our results showed that @entity4886 are very different in cranial development and their dysmorphology is highly age dependent. We suggest that @entity1844 , especially in the anterior cranial base, play a primary role in cranial development in the @entity4886 from very early intrauterine life. Several cranial anomalies observed postnatally, however, are caused by the resultant dysmorphic and compensatory growth and are probably compounded by early @entity85 . The primary @entity2168 appears to be premature fusion of sutures and synchondroses. Based on the findings at birth and early infancy it would seem that such fusions occur relatively late in fetal life. The adult cranial form in Crouzon's @entity1 is explainable by resultant dysmorphic and compensatory growth changes. Very early release of the coronal suture areas with advancement of the frontal bone is advocated in both syndromes but for somewhat different reasons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparative three-dimensional analysis of CT-scans of the calvaria and cranial base in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4886 :: ('MESH:D000168', 'Disease') :: ['Apert syndrome', 'Apert and Crouzon syndromes']

entities_list: @entity2168 :: ('MESH:D003394', 'Disease') :: ['Crouzon syndrome', 'abnormality in Crouzon syndrome']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['cranial deformation']

answer: @entity4886 :: (MESH:D000168,Disease) :: ['Apert and Crouzon syndromes']


abstract: A c-myc retrovirus-transformed @entity2800 line, MMB3.19, of C57BL/6 (B6) origin, was developed to investigate graft-versus- @entity1778 (GVL) activity in @entity19 bone marrow transplantation (BMT) models. It was previously determined that both naive and @entity1778 -presensitized CD4+-enriched T cells are capable of mediating GVL activity to MMB3.19 challenge in both syngeneic (B6) and allogeneic (C3H.SW-->B6) strain combinations, with the latter coinciding with minimal @entity2132 . In the present study, MMB3.19 and 2 other similarly derived, yet phenotypically diverse, B6 @entity2800 lines (MMB1.10 and MMB2.18) were investigated for potential shared @entity5 antigens in the syngeneic GVL model. Morphologically, all 3 @entity5 lines are blastic with high cytoplasmic:nuclear ratios, but MMB2.18 displays dendritic processes, whereas MMB1.10 and MMB3.19 have a more rounded appearance. Flow cytometric analysis of the 3 lines revealed constitutive surface molecule expression of @entity3804 , @entity9675 , @entity11496 , @entity12213 , @entity24653 , H2Kb, H2Db, and macrophage scavenger receptor, consistent with macrophage/monocyte lineages. Furthermore, each of the lines expresses H2I-Ab, but to varying degrees, with MMB2.18 cells having the lowest percentage (31.6%). In vitro 51Cr release assays using MMB3.19-primed T-cell effectors demonstrated equivalent specific lysis of all 3 @entity1778 -line target cells. In addition, enzyme-linked immunospot analysis of MMB3.19-primed CD4+ T cells revealed significantly increased frequencies of @entity5 -stimulated interleukin (IL)-2-, @entity58 -, and @entity60 -secreting cells when restimulated with each of the 3 @entity1778 lines. Furthermore, when MMB3.19-primed CD4+ T cells were administered in a BMT setting, a protective GVL effect was seen in those @entity19 challenged with MMB1.10, MMB2.18, or MMB3.19. Therefore, in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that the 3 distinct @entity2800 lines share 1 or more common major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted @entity5 antigens that can elicit a cross-protective in vivo T-cell GVL response.

title: Cross-protective @entity19 graft-versus- XXXX responses to phenotypically distinct @entity2800 lines.

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: Complications after tracheal repair in the past have included wound @entity281 , @entity6184 , "spitting" of sutures, and @entity4501 . Modern operative approaches have significantly decreased the incidence of these complications. We conducted retrospective data collection using the TRACS database. Changes that preceded the time interval of the study included the following: 1) an emphasis on clinical (rather than endoscopic) recognition of injury; 2) minimal peritracheal dissection and repair with absorbable sutures; 3) limited use of "protective" tracheostomies; and 4) use of muscle buttresses to cover tracheal repairs, especially in @entity1 with combined injuries. From 1997 to 2010, 22 @entity1 were treated for wounds to the @entity825 (cervical 20, thoracic 2). The mechanism of injury was a gunshot wound in 15 @entity1 and a stab wound in seven. A clinical diagnosis of the need for cervical operation or of a @entity130 was made in 19 @entity1 (86%), whereas three @entity1 had positive diagnostic studies. Direct tracheal repair (No. 19) or evaluation of a @entity130 (No. 1) was performed in 20 @entity1 , and three (15%) had a tracheostomy performed. Combined injuries were present in 12 @entity1 (55%), most commonly to the esophagus (10 of 12 [83%]), and 10 of these 12 @entity1 had vascularized buttresses applied to the tracheal repair. There were seven significant complications in @entity1 with combined injuries to the esophagus or carotid artery. One @entity1 (4.5%) died. @entity1 with penetrating @entity130 most commonly present with overt findings. Modern techniques of repair have eliminated many of the complications noted in the past.

title: Modern management of penetrating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistulas']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['superficial injury', 'tracheal injury', 'tracheal injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['tracheal injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity15803 ( @entity15803 ) is a well-known event in @entity1 with @entity706 ( @entity706 ) conferring an unfavorable prognosis. The aim of the study was to analyze incidence and risk factors for @entity15803 in a large series of @entity706 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 276 @entity1 (median age: 54 years; M139/F137) diagnosed with @entity706 (42% grade 1, 51% 2, 7% 3) in a single institution were studied. Initial treatment consisted of combined chemotherapy in most cases. Median survival was 11.3 years. Main clinic and biological variables were assessed for @entity15803 and survival. RESULTS: 30 of 276 @entity1 (11%) presented @entity15803 after a median follow-up of 6.5 years, with a risk of 15% and 22% at 10 and at 15 years, respectively. All @entity15803 corresponded to @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ). Grade 3 histology, nodal areas >4, increased LDH and @entity2262 , and high-risk IPI and FLIPI were associated with @entity15803 . In multivariate analysis, grade 3 histology and FLIPI retained prognostic significance. Only FLIPI predicted @entity15803 in grade 1-2 @entity1 . 28 @entity1 received salvage treatment for @entity15803 , with a CR rate of 52%. Median survival from transformation was 1.2 years, with 6/13 CR @entity1 being alive >5 years after @entity15803 . CONCLUSION: FLIPI and histology were the most important variables predicting @entity15803 . Upon @entity15803 , only @entity1 achieving CR reached prolonged survival, thus emphasizing the need for effective therapies once this event occurs.

title: The XXXX International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) and the histological subtype are the most important factors to predict histological transformation in @entity706 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['FL', 'follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity15803 :: ('MESH:D009370', 'Disease') :: ['Histological transformation', 'HT']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta(2)-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['DLBCL', 'diffuse large B-cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Follicular Lymphoma']


abstract: The authors present a series of 11 consecutive @entity1 who sustained an @entity7334 of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint and 1 @entity1 with a @entity174 of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb treated with a Kirschner wire external dynamic traction device. Range of motion and grip strength were measured. We used the Michigan Hand Outcome Questionnaire (MHQ) to obtain a subjective response to the treatment. Average range of motion of the PIP joint was 64 degrees and distal interphalangeal joint was 52 degrees . The average grip strength was 86% with a mean MHQ score of 90. Two @entity1 had pin site infections treated successfully with antibiotics. All @entity174 had united at final follow up with <1-mm articular step present. Our series highlights that these are difficult injuries to treat and that anatomic reduction is not always possible. However, this technique is simple and quick to perform while allowing early joint mobilization. The subjective response to treatment is comparable with other studies using a similar device.

title: Proximal interphalangeal joint XXXX of the hand: treatment with an external dynamic traction device.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['intra-articular fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: Depending on individual lesion location and extent, reorganization of the @entity1 motor system has been observed with a high interindividual variability. In addition, variability of forces exerted, of motor effort, and of movement strategies complicates the interpretation of functional imaging studies. We hypothesize that a general pattern of reorganization can be identified if a homogeneous @entity1 population is chosen and experimental conditions are controlled. @entity1 with @entity746 ( @entity746 ) and healthy volunteers were trained to perform a simple finger flexion task with 10% of each individual's maximum grip force with constant movement amplitude and frequency. The activation pattern in @entity746 @entity1 was distinctly different to that in healthy controls: In @entity746 @entity1 , motor cortex activation was located more anteriorly, encompassing the premotor gyrus. The cluster volume within the supplementary motor area ( @entity11280 ) was higher and shifted toward the pre- @entity11280 . Contralateral inferior area 6 and bilateral parietal area 40 revealed higher cluster volumes. Our results demonstrate a general pattern of functional changes after motor @entity528 . They support the concept of a structurally parallel and functionally specialized organization of voluntary motor control. Degeneration of the first and second motor neurons leads to enhanced recruitment of motor areas usually involved in initiation and planning of movement. Partial compensation between functionally related motor areas seems to be a strategy to optimize performance if the most efficient pathway is unavailable.

title: Pattern of cortical reorganization in XXXX : a functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron degeneration']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: CONTEXT: Many active @entity1 finish exercise hypohydrated, so effective rehydration after exercise is an important consideration. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of a rehydration solution containing whey protein isolate on fluid balance after exercise-induced @entity2700 . DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical trial. SETTING: University research laboratory. @entity1 OR OTHER @entity1 : Twelve healthy @entity1 (age = 21    1 years, height = 1.82    0.08 m, mass = 82.71    10.31 kg) participated. INTERVENTION(S): @entity1 reduced body mass by 1.86%    0.07% after intermittent exercise in the heat and rehydrated with a volume of drink in liters equivalent to 1.5 times their body mass loss in kilograms of a solution of either 65 g/L @entity1735 (trial C) or 50 g/L @entity1735 and 15 g/L whey protein isolate (trial CPl. Solutions were matched for energy density and electrolyte content. Urine samples were collected before and after exercise and for 4 hours after rehydration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): We measured urine volume, drink retention, net fluid balance, urine osmolality, and subjective responses. Drink retention was calculated as the difference between the volume of drink ingested and urine produced. Net fluid balance was calculated from fluid gained through drink ingestion and fluid lost through sweat and urine production. RESULTS: Total cumulative urine output after rehydration was not different between trial C (1173    481 mL) and trial CP (1180    330 mL) (F(1) = 0.002, P = .96), and drink retention during the study also was not different between trial C (50%    18%) and trial CP (49%    13%) (t(11) = -0.159, P =.88). At the end of the study, net fluid balance was negative compared with baseline for trial C (-432    436 mL) (t(11) = 3.433, P = .03) and trial CP (-432    302 mL) (t(11) = 4.958, P = .003). CONCLUSIONS: When matched for energy density and electrolyte content, a solution of @entity1735 and whey protein isolate neither increased nor decreased rehydration compared with a solution of @entity1735 .

title: Whey protein addition to a XXXX -electrolyte rehydration solution ingested after exercise in the heat.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of selective digestive tract decontamination by @entity2929 -base on the incidence of carriage and infection with MR Enterobacteriaceae producing an extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESB). DESIGN: After a 10-week prospective survey to ascertain the baseline incidence in two bays (1 and 3) of the same ICU, bay 1 was compared with bay 3 during a further survey of 6 months. The @entity1 in bay 1 received @entity2929 -base. SETTING: Two non-contiguous bays, 1 and 3, of 4 beds, in the same polyvalent ICU of a university hospital. @entity1 : Consecutive @entity1 with unit stay longer than 2 days; 34 @entity1 were included during the control period, 43 in bay 1 (decontamination) and 46 in bay 3 (control) during the trial period. INTERVENTION: @entity2929 -base, 1 g t.i.d. in powder form administered by gastric tube to @entity1 in bay 1 from admission to discharge. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Digestive tract carriage was monitored by cultures of gastric and rectal swab specimens, sampled twice a week. Enterobacteriaceae were isolated on Drigalski agar with incorporated @entity5505 (4 mg/l). In bay 1 there was a decrease in ESB producing Enterobacteriaceae (23% vs 10%, p = 0.0004) from rectal swab, especially in @entity3274 (15% vs 2%, p = 10(-5)), during the decontamination period in comparison to the control period. During the trial period the only differences observed between bays 1 and 3 were in the gastric samples: @entity3274 were less often isolated in bay 1 than in bay 3 (0% vs 3%, p = 0.03). Intestinal carriage with multiresistant Enterobacteriaceae occurred in 28% @entity1 in bay 1 and 30% @entity1 in bay 3 during the trial period (p = 0.79). @entity2929 -base did not delay the carriage by @entity1 in bay 1 (log rank test p = 0.42). CONCLUSION: @entity2929 -base was not effective in preventing digestive tract carriage due to Enterobacteriaceae resistant to third generation @entity5898 by production of chromosomal cephalosporinase. The decrease in isolates containing @entity3274 in bay 1 cannot be definitively attributed to @entity2929 -base, since the number of this species in bay 3 was low.

title: Selective digestive decontamination by XXXX -base in a polyvalent intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin', 'Erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity3274 :: ('573', 'Species') :: ['K. pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

answer: @entity2929 :: (MESH:D004917,Chemical) :: ['erythromycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity99 ( @entity99 ) is an indirect measure of portal venous pressure in @entity82 , which is valid in cirrhotic adults for evaluating the severity of portal @entity101 , predicting outcomes, and guiding therapeutic decisions. Published data on the measurement of @entity99 in @entity1 are sparse. The aim of the present study was to determine the feasibility and safety of undertaking @entity99 measurements in @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 who underwent @entity99 measurements between 2000 and 2011 were identified from our interventional radiology database. Medical charts were reviewed for clinical, procedural, and outcome data. RESULTS: A total of 49 @entity1 (25 @entity1 , mean age 8.2    5.6 years) underwent 52 @entity99 measurements. Diagnoses included @entity82 (n = 7), @entity879 (n = 15), postliver transplant (n = 6), postbone marrow transplant (n = 9), @entity455 (n = 3), and others (n = 9). There were no complications related to @entity99 measurement. @entity99 values ranged between 0 and 28 mmHg, median 9.0 (range 0-28) mmHg, and were elevated >6 mmHg in 30 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity99 measurement is feasible and safe in @entity1 with severe @entity409 . The clinical use of @entity99 measurements in managing @entity1 with portal @entity101 or with acute @entity409 must now be determined.

title: Measurement of hepatic venous pressure gradient is feasible and safe in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['HVPG', 'Hepatic venous pressure gradient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: In serious scar or chronic @entity1066 caused by burn or @entity130 , skin graft can not be survival and the local flap can not be found in these cases. Also skin grafts can not improve function of these places. Free flap transplantation should be used in these cases. Femoris forelateralis flap has some advantages. It is hidden from view and there is no effect after it is taken. It has constant blood vessels which are easy anastomosed. So the flap is more widely used. Forty-six cases were given femoris forelateralis flaps ( @entity1847 15 cases, foot @entity27450 , forearm or leg scar or tissue defect 8, leg or foot chronic @entity1066 8, face or neck tissue defect or serious @entity33624 ). Forty-five cases (97.8%), were survival. Only one case had @entity39 . The key of survival is choice of the operative indication, excellent @entity254 technique, good fixation postoperatively, care observation, and @entity12168 . In @entity1333 or @entity3527 @entity1066 , the vessel condition is bad. In old @entity1 , especial with @entity299 , condition is also bad. We shoule be careful in these situations.

title: [Forty six cases of application of free femoris forelateralis flap in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

entities_list: @entity1847 :: ('MESH:D006226', 'Disease') :: ['hand burn scar deformity']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart or vessel diseases']

entities_list: @entity12168 :: ('MESH:C562385', 'Disease') :: ['timely handling']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Despite the high frequency of benign @entity99 , they rarely cause symptoms. Large cysts, however, may produce clinical manifestations. In these cases, ultrasonography-guided therapy has been proposed. We report the results of this therapy in @entity1 with symptomatic benign @entity99 . METHODOLOGY: Seven @entity1 with non-parasitic, non-neoplastic benign @entity99 were submitted to fine-needle ultrasonography-guided aspiration, followed by injection of diluted @entity803 (1 g). In all cases, cytology, @entity5 markers and microbiology analysis of aspirates were performed. One @entity1 required two sessions. The grade of @entity1 satisfaction and ultrasonography changes were assessed 1, 3 and 6 months after the procedure. RESULTS: Cyst size decreased in all @entity1 , with total collapse in three. No major complications occurred. Cytology, alpha fetoprotein, CA19.9, CEA and microbiology of the cyst fluid confirmed the initial ultrasonographic diagnosis of simple @entity1125 . Clinical complaints improved in 2 cases, and 5 @entity1 became asymptomatic. Ultrasonography evaluation 3 months after the procedure was more reliable in predicting successful treatment. CONCLUSION: Intracystic instillation of @entity803 is an effective and safe technique and may become the first choice therapy for benign @entity99 .

title: Treatment of benign @entity99 by instillation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cysts']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['biliary cysts']

answer: @entity803 :: (MESH:D013752,Chemical) :: ['tetracycline hydrochloride']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Attempts to achieve strict glycemic control with basal-bolus insulin therapy required increased dosages of neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin. However, high dosage of NPH insulin often occurs @entity4053 . Insulin glargine can simulate normal basal insulin secretion with its flat time-action profiles. To confirm the efficacy of insulin glargine we investigated the @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 on basal-bolus insulin therapy whose basal insulin was switched from NPH insulin to insulin glargine. METHODS: The Japanese 400 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 on basal-bolus insulin therapy whose basal insulin was switched from NPH insulin to insulin glargine were followed-up. After the switching, the basal insulin was increased with reference to the self-monitoring of blood @entity413 results, with the aim of maintaining @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) level at 110 mg/dL, and simultaneously reducing the bolus insulin dosage to maintain the total daily insulin dosage. RESULTS: We were able to lower @entity1503 significantly with almost no serious @entity4053 . @entity4051 c also improved significantly. The improvements in @entity1503 and HbA1c levels did not require a significant increase in the total insulin dosage. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that basal insulin supplementation using insulin glargine is a useful method to control not only @entity1503 but also HbA1c.

title: Efficacy of long-acting insulin analog insulin glargine at high dosage for basal-bolus insulin therapy in XXXX with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia', 'nocturnal hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['FBS', 'fasting blood sugar']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The objective of this study was to present some clinical and radiological manifestations of PNS in relation to @entity153 ( @entity153 ) and to evaluate the usefulness of imaging findings in the diagnosis of asymptomatic @entity153 . In the study group of 204 @entity1 (146 male and 58 female) with proven @entity153 , PNS was present in 18 (8.62%) @entity1 . The @entity1 with PNS were divided into two groups. The first one consisted of 13 (72.2%) @entity1 with symptoms related to primary @entity5 while the second one consisted of 5 (27.7%) @entity1 with symptoms, at initial appearance, indicative of disorders of other organs and systems. The @entity74 was @entity7235 , associated with @entity4153 . Endocrine manifestations included: inappropriate antidiuretic hormone production syndrome ( @entity4153 ), a gonadotropin effect with gynaecomastia and @entity194 ( @entity957 , @entity4153 ), a case of @entity699 ( @entity4153 ), and hypercalcaemia, due to the production of the @entity4293 , which was associated with @entity957 . A rare case of bilateral exophthalmos was found as PNS at @entity420 . @entity3582 and @entity3582 ( @entity3582 ) were associated with planocellular and @entity420 , while clubbing was much more common than @entity3582 , especially among @entity1 . The differences between the two groups were related to the time of PNS appearance. In the first group, PNS occurred late on in the illness, while in the second group, PNS preceded the diagnosis of @entity153 . Alternatively, the disappearance of a clinical or a radiological manifestation of PNS after surgery or chemotherapy may be an indicator of an improvement in health or PNS may be the first sign of illness recurrence. Radiological manifestations of PNS in asymptomatic @entity1 may serve as a useful screen for identifying primary @entity153 . In symptomatic @entity1 , it may be an indicator of a higher likelihood of @entity3 .

title: [Clinical and radiological manifestations of paraneoplastic syndrome of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4293 :: ('5744', 'Gene') :: ['parathyroid hormone-related peptide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['planocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['Cushing Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['testicular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['predominant disorder']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['BC', 'bronchogenic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7235 :: ('MESH:D015624', 'Disease') :: ['Lambert-Eaton Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3582 :: ('MESH:D010004', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic osteoarthropathy', 'HO', 'Digital clubbing']

answer: @entity153 :: (MESH:D002283,Disease) :: ['bronchogenic carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1381 is a common and intractable symptom in @entity1 on chronic hemodialysis, but factors associated with the severity of @entity111 remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the associations of metabolic factors and dialysis adequacy with the aggravation of @entity111 . METHODS: We conducted a 5-year prospective cohort study on @entity1 with maintenance hemodialysis. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess the intensity of @entity111 . @entity1 demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, dialysis adequacy (assessed by Kt/V), and @entity111 intensity were recorded at baseline and follow-up. Change score analysis of the difference score of VAS between baseline and follow-up was performed using multiple linear regression models. The optimal threshold of Kt/V, which is associated with the aggravation of uremic @entity111 , was determined by generalized additive models and receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS: A total of 111 @entity1 completed the study. Linear regression analysis showed that lower Kt/V and use of low-flux dialyzer were significantly associated with the aggravation of @entity111 after adjusting for the baseline @entity111 intensity and a variety of confounding factors. The optimal threshold value of Kt/V for @entity111 was 1.5 suggested by both generalized additive models and receiver operating characteristic analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Hemodialysis with the target of Kt/V >= 1.5 and use of high-flux dialyzer may reduce the intensity of @entity111 in @entity1 on chronic hemodialysis. Further clinical trials are required to determine the optimal dialysis dose and regimen for uremic @entity111 .

title: @entity1381 , dialysis adequacy, and metabolic profiles in hemodialysis XXXX : a prospective 5-year cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['Uremic pruritus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Inflammation and oxidative stress plays a critical role in @entity65 and @entity209 often occurs with these two variables. The aim of the study is to estimate variations on cardiovascular risk factors in @entity209 @entity1 after consume of a citrus-based juice compared with control groups. METHODS: The study comprised 20 healthy subjects and 33 @entity1 with @entity209 . 18 @entity1 consume daily 300  mL of a citrus-based juice during 6 month and 15 @entity1 consume 300  mL of a placebo beverage. The control group consumes a citrus-based juice. Before, at fourth month and at sixth month after treatment the following parameters were determined: lipid profile, oxidized LDL, @entity1851 and @entity1255 . The study was carried out in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration, and the Ethical Committee of the San Antonio Catholic University and approved the protocol (6 November 2006, register number: 1424). RESULTS: After six months of citrus-based juice consuming, there is significant differences at 95% confidence in oxidized LDL, @entity1851 , and @entity1255 in @entity209 @entity1 who consume citrus-based juice. We have not found significant differences in other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Consume of citrus-based juice improve lipid profile and inflammation markers in @entity209 @entity1 .

title: Variations on cardiovascular risk factors in XXXX after consume of a citrus-based juice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['Homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic Syndrome', 'metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-Reactive Protein']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: We tested the hypothesis that dilatation of cerebral arterioles during @entity519 is mediated by activation of @entity855 -sensitive K+ channels. The diameter of pial arterioles was measured through a closed cranial window in anesthetized @entity95 . Topical application of aprikalim (10(-6) mol/L), a direct activator of @entity855 -sensitive K+ channels, dilated pial arterioles by 18 +/- 3% (mean +/- SEM). @entity5217 (10(-6) mol/L), an inhibitor of @entity855 -sensitive K+ channels, virtually abolished aprikalim-induced vasodilatation. When arterial @entity4095 was reduced from 129 +/- 3 to 25 +/- 1 mm Hg, the diameter of cerebral arterioles increased by 66 +/- 9% (P < .05). @entity5217 inhibited dilatation of pial arterioles during @entity519 by 46 +/- 5% (P < .05). In contrast, vasodilatation in response to @entity1854 was not altered by @entity5217 . Topical application of @entity859 (10(-4) mol/L) increased arteriolar diameter by 21 +/- 4%. @entity5217 did not affect @entity859 -induced vasodilatation. These findings suggest that dilatation of cerebral arterioles in response to @entity519 is mediated, in part, by activation of @entity855 -sensitive K+ channels.

title: XXXX -sensitive K+ channels mediate dilatation of cerebral arterioles during @entity519 .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['Glibenclamide', 'glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: @entity4341 and @entity452 stress were performed in the same 41 angiographically controlled @entity1 . Both tests were followed by 2 dimensional-echocardiography. The dose of @entity4341 was 0.56 mg/kg/4 min. or 0.84 mg/kg over 10 min., while the dose of @entity452 was 10-20-30-40 and 40 micrograms/kg/min. over 3 min. each step. In addition, to reach the submaximal heart rate 0.25 mg/min @entity3897 was also injected for 4 minutes in 13 cases. One @entity66 was found in 15 cases, and 2 @entity66 was in 2 cases. The number of coronarography negative cases was 24. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for both tests were 70%, 91%, 85% and 81%, respectively. False positive results were observed in 2 cases and false negative ones were found in 5 cases, mainly at left anterior descendent @entity850 . There was a good agreement between the wall motion abnormality and the anatomic localization of stenoses. Both non-invasive tests are suitable for the diagnosis of @entity299 .

title: [Comparative evaluation of XXXX and @entity452 2-dimensional echocardiography in ischemic heart disease].

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole', 'Dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity4341 :: (MESH:D004176,Chemical) :: ['dipyridamole']


abstract: The melibiose utilization system of @entity526 coli W3133, a derivative of K12, is nonfunctional between 37 and 42 degreesC. The reason for this temperature sensitivity was thought to be that the @entity9591 transporter (MelB) of W3133 cells was temperature-sensitive. A mutant W3133-2 has been isolated as a temperature-resistant strain that can utilize melibiose between 37 and 42 degreesC. However, we found that the melibiose transporter of the W3133-2 was still temperature-sensitive. Half-life activities of the melibiose transporter at 37 degreesC (or 40 degreesC) in both E. coli W3133 and W3133-2 were exactly the same. Furthermore, we found that the @entity377 sequence of coding region of the melB structural gene (the second gene of the melibiose operon) of W3133-2 was exactly the same as that of W3133. @entity2314 (product of the first gene, melA, of the melibiose operon) of W3133 cells grown at 40 degreesC was very low, although that of W3133-2 cells grown at 40 degreesC was high. These observations suggested that expression of the melibiose operon in W3133 is also temperature-sensitive. In fact, we found that the expression in W3133 cells was temperature-sensitive, while that in W3133-2 cells was temperature-resistant, by analyzing mRNA levels using the Northern blot method. Furthermore, we identified mutations in the promoter region of the melibiose operon of W3133-2 that resulted in the elongation of an 18 @entity377 inverted repeat sequence to a 28- @entity377 repeat sequence present immediately upstream of the -35 region. This may stabilize a possible stem structure due to the inverted repeat at 37-42 degreesC.

title: Conversion of temperature-sensitive to -resistant gene expression due to mutations in the promoter region of the melibiose operon in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9591 :: ('MESH:D008553', 'Chemical') :: ['melibiose']

entities_list: @entity2314 :: ('MESH:D000795', 'Disease') :: ['Activity of alpha-galactosidase']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Recent studies have shown that the prostatic autonomic innervation takes part in its homeostasis and growth. Other works showed that spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) show excessive sympathetic activity, accompanied by lower urinary tract symptoms, increased growth capacity of prostatic stromal cells, and increased levels of @entity3800 and their receptors. Furthermore, young SHR were reported to present incipient stages of @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). The aim of the present study was to examine whether this strain indeed develops spontaneous @entity1067 with age, and can thus serve as a genuine natural model for this disorder. For this purpose, ventral lobes of prostates of one-year-old, male SHR and their normotensive counterparts, @entity35 Kyoto (WKY) @entity35 , were examined histopathologically, and the degree of @entity1373 was evaluated according to a score-chart protocol (histoscore). SHR exhibited severe adenomatous spontaneous @entity1067 , characterized by piling-up of epithelial cells, with papillary formations, accompanied by a mild increase in the amount of fibrocytes and smooth muscle cells in the stroma. This was reflected by histoscore values of 38 +/-2. Thickening of prostatic arterioles also was noted, as well as mild chronic inflammatory exudate. WKY @entity35 did not show any of these features of @entity1067 despite their age (histoscore 17 +/- 3, significantly different from that of SHR). We conclude that SHR can serve as a rodent model for the spontaneous development of @entity1067 with age, most probably due to the excessive neuroendocrine activity characteristic of this @entity35 strain.

title: Spontaneous XXXX of the ventral lobe of the prostate in aging genetically @entity101 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['hyperplasia']


abstract: The cellular mechanisms giving rise to the enhanced @entity2146 induced by @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) and carba prostacyclin (CPGI2) in embryonic @entity35 sensory neurons were investigated using the whole cell patch-clamp recording technique. Exposing sensory neurons to 1 microM @entity1421 produced a twofold increase in the number of action potentials elicited by a ramp of depolarizing current, but this eicosanoid had no effect on the resting membrane potential or the amplitude of the slow afterhyperpolarization. Characterization of the outward @entity972 currents in the embryonic sensory neurons indicated that the composition of the total current was variable among these neurons. A steady-state inactivation protocol was used to determine the extent of residual noninactivating current. A conditioning prepulse to +20 mV demonstrated that some of these neurons exhibited only a sustained @entity972 current with little steady-state inactivation whereas other exhibited some combination of a sustained as well as a rapidly inactivating IA-type current. Treatment with 1 microM @entity1421 or 1 microM CPGI2, but not 1 microM @entity3774 (PGF2 alpha) produced a time-dependent suppression of the total @entity972 current. After a 20-min exposure, @entity1421 and CPGI2 inhibited the maximal current obtained at +60 mV by 48 and 40%, respectively. The @entity3009 -induced suppression of the @entity972 current was not associated with a shift in the voltage dependence for activation. Subtraction of the currents remaining after @entity1421 or CPGI2 treatment from their respective control recordings revealed that the @entity3009 -sensitive current had characteristics that were consistent with a sustained-type of @entity972 current. This idea is supported by the following observation. The steady-state inactivation protocol revealed that for prepulse voltages activating both rapidly inactivating and sustained currents, the relaxation of the current was accelerated after treatment with @entity1421 or CPGI2 suggesting the removal of a slower component. This effect was not observed in neurons exhibiting only the sustained type current. These results suggest that pro-inflammatory prostaglandins enhance the @entity2146 of @entity35 sensory neurons, in part, through the suppression of an outward @entity972 current that may modulate the firing threshold for generation of the action potential.

title: Prostaglandins suppress an outward @entity972 current in embryonic XXXX sensory neurons.

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['excitability']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2 alpha']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity323 ( @entity323 ) is defined as the consistent inability to obtain or maintain an erection for satisfactory sexual relations. Data from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study have indicated that the prevalence of @entity323 of any degree is 39% in 40-year old @entity1 , and 67% in those aged 70 years. Effective therapy has been available for some time, but it has commonly involved surgery, external devices or penile self-injection. For many @entity1 , these represent unacceptable barriers to seeking therapy. Recently, however, an effective oral medication has become available. This article reviews the physiology and pharmacology of @entity323 . The literature currently available on the effectiveness and safety of various drugs used for @entity323 is summarized, with particular attention to newly available oral agents. Guidelines for work-up and drug treatment of @entity1 with @entity323 are given. Detailed history and physical examination are crucial to the safe and effective treatment of @entity1 with erectile impotence. An extensive review of the literature shows that based on safety, effectiveness and ease of use, oral @entity7855 is an excellent choice for first-line therapy. @entity1 who use organic @entity3362 of any kind in any capacity should not be offered @entity7855 . Based solely on effectiveness intracavernosal injection therapy remains the golden standard and should also be offered as an option for first-line therapy for the appropriate @entity1 . Many alternatives are available for @entity1 who cannot use @entity7855 or injection therapy. A thorough knowledge of existing medications is essential for proper treatment of @entity323 .

title: Medical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'Erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil', 'sildenafil citrate']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: The epithelial surface of the respiratory tract is coated with a protective film of mucus secreted by epithelial goblet and submucosal gland cells. Histology of the airway mucosa and composition of secretions during the second trimester of fetal life are known to differ from the normal adult in that these secretions show similarities with those of @entity74 . To provide information regarding cell-specific expression of @entity3558 genes and their relation to developmental patterns of epithelial cytodifferentiation, we studied the expression of eight different @entity3558 genes ( @entity2355 - @entity5088 , @entity5089 , @entity5090 , @entity21826 , @entity26484 ) in @entity1 embryonic and fetal respiratory tract using in situ hybridization. These investigations demonstrated that @entity5088 is the earliest gene expressed in the foregut at 6.5 wk, followed by @entity2355 and @entity5091 from 9. 5 wk of gestation in @entity825 , bronchi, epithelial tubules, and terminal sacs before epithelial cytodifferentiation. In contrast, @entity5089 , @entity5090 , and @entity26484 are expressed at later gestational ages concomitant with epithelial cytodifferentiation. During this developmental stage, @entity2355 and @entity5088 mRNAs are located in goblet and ciliated cells, whereas @entity5091 mRNAs are located in basal and goblet cells. @entity5089 expression is confined to goblet cells. In the submucosal glands, @entity5091 mRNAs are located in both mucous and serous cells, whereas @entity5090 and @entity26484 mRNAs are expressed in mucous and in serous cells, respectively. These data suggest distinct developmental roles for @entity2355 , @entity5091 , @entity5088 , @entity5089 , @entity5090 , and @entity26484 in the elongation, branching, and epithelial cytodifferentiation of the respiratory tract during ontogenesis. Distinct patterns of @entity3558 gene expression are also likely to play an important role in regulating appropriate epithelial cell proliferation and cytodifferentiation in adult airway mucosa as it is indicated by aberrant expression in @entity74 .

title: Developmental XXXX gene expression in the @entity1 respiratory tract.

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersecretory disorders']

answer: @entity3558 :: (100508689,Gene) :: ['mucin']


abstract: We report 14 cases of a soft tissue lesion in the limbs of morbidly @entity28 adults that presents as a large mass and histologically simulates well-differentiated @entity1821 (WDL). Based on its distinctive clinical setting and morphologic identity to diffuse @entity4269 we have termed this process @entity400 ( @entity400 ). All cases occurred in morbidly @entity28 adults (mean weight 372 lbs; mean age 47 years). @entity1 predominated (9 @entity1 ; 5 @entity1 ). The lesions affected the proximal medial aspect of the extremities (12 thigh; 2 arm) and were unilateral in all but two @entity1 . Etiologically significant antecedent events include ipsilateral axillary lymphadenectomy in both @entity1 with arm lesions, chronic @entity4269 resulting from vein-stripping 10 years prior in one @entity1 . inguinal lymphadenectomy for @entity189 in another @entity1 , and significant blunt @entity130 to the inner thigh during a motor vehicle accident in a third @entity1 . The @entity5 were long standing ( I-IO years) and extremely large (mean size 33.4 cm, 7408 g). Clinically, they were diffuse, ill-defined masses that histologically consisted of lobules of mature fat interrupted by expanded connective tissue septa. The constituents of the septa were fine, fibrillary collagen, @entity4 fluid, and uniformly distributed fibroblasts. Clusters of capillaries were frequently found at the interface between fat and connective tissue. The widened septa simulated the @entity82 of sclerosing WDL, but @entity400 lacks the degree of nuclear atypia seen in the former. The consistent clustering of reactive vessels at the interface between the fat and fibrous tissue also contrasted with WDL. Six @entity1 experienced persistent or recurrent lesions within 10 months to 10 years. No aggressive growth or histologic progression was observed during this time, however. Awareness of the features of @entity400 is important to avoid misclassification of this reactive lesion with WDL.

title: Massive localized lymphedema in the morbidly XXXX : a histologically distinct reactive lesion simulating @entity1821 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous bands']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['anal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['MLL', 'massive localized lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcoma']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine characteristics associated with pregnancy and @entity6677 after @entity4082 (CC)-intrauterine insemination (IUI). DESIGN: Prospective study of all @entity1 undergoing CC-IUI between January 1, 1983 and December 31, 1989. SETTING: Private fertility clinic. @entity1 : Eight hundred forty-nine @entity1 undergoing 1,974 cycles of CC-IUI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relationship between number and size of preovulatory follicles, age, additional @entity249 diagnosis, medication, and initial semen quality to fecundity, birth, and @entity6677 . RESULTS: Uncorrected, per cycle fecundity was 7.2%. The number of follicles greater than or equal to 12 mm (r = 0.055, P less than 0.05) was and the number greater than or equal to 15, 18, and 21 mm was not correlated with fecundity. Endometriosis with (P = 0.013) or without (P less than 0.0005) tubal adhesions and tubal adhesions alone (P = 0.005), decreased fecundability by 50%. Initial semen quality did not affect fecundity, unless semen concentration was less than 5 x 10(6)/mL or motility was less than 20%. Multiple pregnancy was not associated with the dose of CC, use of @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin, or number of follicles. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple pregnancy was unrelated to follicle numbers or to CC dose. The highest birth rates after CC-IUI occurred when initial sperm concentration was greater than or equal to 5 x 10(6)/mL, motility was greater than or equal to 20%, and no @entity46 were present.

title: Relationship of follicle number and other factors to fecundability and multiple pregnancy in XXXX -induced intrauterine insemination cycles.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['multiple gestation']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene citrate']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis or adhesions']

answer: @entity4082 :: (MESH:D002996,Chemical) :: ['clomiphene citrate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity5 ( @entity1149 ) whose cases are staged or treated surgically have different prognoses, depending on the substage (IIIa, IIIb). It is not known whether the prognostic differences apply to clinically staged nonsurgical cases. The authors wanted to determine whether radiologic Stage III substages, determined by computerized axial tomography (CT) scans, are prognostically important in these @entity1 with @entity1149 : In addition, they wanted to determine whether the observed superior survival of selected @entity1 with @entity5 receiving chemotherapy in addition to radiation therapy (chemo-RT) ( @entity5 and @entity1778 Group B protocol 8433: N Engl J Med 1990; 323:940-5) was influenced by an imbalance in the radiologic Stage III substage. METHODS: Review of pretreatment chest radiographs and CT scans with determination of @entity2802 status and stage was done by the consensus of three readers, who were unaware of which treatment each @entity1 had received (radiation therapy alone [RT] or chemo-RT). RESULTS: @entity1 characteristics in the two treatment arms were similar. Fifty-five percent of @entity1 receiving RT had Stage IIIa and 33% @entity5 ; in the chemo-RT treatment arm, 73% had Stage IIIa and 25% @entity5 (P = 0.11). Seven @entity1 (12%) who received RT and one in the chemo-RT treatment arm (2%) had Stage I-II disease on CT scan. @entity1 with @entity5 had superior survival to those with @entity5 (median, 16.5 versus 10.5 months, respectively; P = 0.0045). Within each substage, survival was superior in the chemo-RT (versus RT) treatment arm (Stage IIIa, 17.2 versus 10.7 months, respectively; P = 0.16; Stage IIIb, 12.0 versus 6.9 months, respectively; P = 0.089). CONCLUSIONS: The survival advantage for selected @entity1 with @entity5 treated with chemo-RT in this study did not result from a more favorable pretreatment radiologic Stage III substage. An advantage for induction chemotherapy was seen in @entity1 with @entity5 . Future studies in this population should prospectively assess and consider stratification for Stage III substage.

title: Effect of radiologic stage III substage on nonsurgical therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage III NSCLC', 'Stage IIIa and IIIb disease', 'Stage IIIb disease', 'Stage IIIa disease', 'Cancer', 'Stage III non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity205 ( @entity9472 ) can suppress relapses and reduce @entity644 in @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ) and @entity479 -resistant @entity1985 (SRNS). However, some @entity1 remain resistant to @entity9472 therapy. The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) treatment in pediatric @entity1 with @entity9472 -resistant intractable @entity1985 . METHODS: @entity2098 therapy was given to 11 @entity1 with @entity1985 who had relapse despite @entity9472 therapy, and one @entity1 with SRNS who had been receiving combined therapy using @entity479 and @entity9472 until immediately before the start of @entity2098 . @entity2098 was administered at a daily dose of 750-1000 mg/m(2) in two divided doses. RESULTS: Ten of the 11 @entity1 with @entity1985 were able to maintain remission. Among them, seven @entity1 remained relapse free for 1 year, and two @entity1 had a decrease in the frequency of relapse after initiation of @entity2098 therapy. One @entity1 , however, had repeated cycles of remission and relapse, and was considered resistant to @entity2098 therapy. The total @entity617 dose during the period from month 6 to month 12 after the start of @entity2098 therapy was significantly lower than that during the 6 month period before the start of @entity2098 therapy. The @entity1 with SRNS, who had not achieved remission despite @entity9472 administration, had complete remission on @entity2098 . No serious adverse effects were seen in any of the present @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity2098 could be useful in @entity9472 -treatment-refractory @entity1985 and @entity9472 -resistant SRNS.

title: @entity618 therapy for XXXX with intractable @entity1985 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['frequent-relapse nephrotic syndrome', 'FRNS', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) have been implicated in protecting the cardiovascular system and in the pathogenesis of @entity101 in stressed animals. In the present study, we used a @entity948 -induced @entity101 model to explore the vascular expression of @entity34445 , the major inducible @entity1457 protein, in response to stress. Normal @entity35 gradually developed @entity101 about 2 weeks after feeding with @entity948 -enriched diet and the elevated blood pressure became stable 5 weeks following diet treatment. The in vivo expression of @entity34445 was absent in control @entity35 but was transiently induced in the aorta of @entity948 -fed @entity35 during the development of @entity101 . Aortic @entity34445 was undetectable at the established phase of @entity101 . The expression of @entity34445 in responses to @entity1457 , or vasoactive agents were examined in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells. @entity1457 induced the expression of @entity34445 in cells from @entity948 -fed @entity35 and age-matched control @entity35 , and the expression levels were generally not significantly varied at different sampling time points in either cell source. Also, there was no apparent difference in the magnitude of @entity34445 expression between two cell sources at each selected time point. @entity1063 or @entity1808 induced a similar level of @entity34445 expression in either cell source regardless of sampling time point. These data suggest that @entity34445 is associated with the development of @entity101 in this model and may exert protective effect on the vasculature in response to hemodynamic stress during the early stage of @entity101 .

title: Vascular expression of XXXX protein 72 in @entity948 -induced @entity101 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock', 'heat shock']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['heat shock']


abstract: Studies on diet selection and feed intake of ruminants in extensive grazing systems often require the use of simple approaches to determine the @entity62 ( @entity62 ) of the ingested feed. Therefore, we evaluated the validity of the one-factorial exponential regression established by Lukas et al. [Journal of Animal Science 83 (2005) 1332], which estimates @entity62 from the faecal crude protein (FCP) concentration. The equation was applied to two sets of data obtained with free grazing and pen-fed @entity291 , @entity742 and @entity1237 ingesting low and high amounts of green and @entity2133 as well as millet leaves and @entity11314 hay. Data analysis showed that the livestock species did not influence the precision of estimation of @entity62 from FCP. For the linear regression between measured and estimated @entity62 (%) across n = 431 individual observations, a regression coefficient of r2 = 0.65 and a residual standard deviation (RSD) of 5.87 were obtained. The precision of estimation was influenced by the data set (p = 0.033), the type of feed (p < 0.001) and the feeding level (p = 0.009), and interactions occurred between type of feed and feeding level (p = 0.021). Adjusting the intercept and the slope of the established exponential function to the present data resulted in a compression of the curve; while r2 remained unchanged, the RSD of the regression between measured and estimated @entity62 was reduced, when compared with the results obtained from the equation of Lukas et al. (2005). Estimating @entity62 from treatment means of FCP greatly improved the correlation between measured and estimated @entity62 for both the established function and the newly fit equation. However, if anti-nutritional dietary factors increase the concentration of faecal @entity1568 from feed or endogenous origin, the approach might considerably overestimate diet digestibility.

title: Estimating the digestibility of Sahelian roughages from faecal crude protein concentration of XXXX and small ruminants.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['dry vegetation of Sahelian pastures']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['organic matter digestibility', 'OMD']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of "near-miss" maternal mortality is a robust surveillance method to assess the quality of obstetric care and determinants of poor maternal outcome. To evaluate near-miss maternal mortality, we examined @entity1 characteristics and maternal and neonatal outcomes for an obstetric population admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) in a tertiary care center. METHODS: Pregnant and postpartum @entity1 admitted to Duke University Medical Center ICUs from January 2005 to April 2011 were enrolled. Demographic, diagnostic, and outcome data were abstracted from the medical records for analysis. RESULTS: A total of 86 @entity1 were included in the study. No @entity1 were included more than once. The mean maternal age (  standard deviation) was 29.8  7.2 years. When racial and ethnic differences were examined, African American @entity1 were more likely to be admitted to the ICU. Significant ethnic differences in body mass index (BMI) were noted with African American @entity1 (mean BMI 35) and Hispanic @entity1 (mean BMI 36) having significantly higher BMIs than white @entity1 (mean BMI 28). The majority of @entity1 (87%) were admitted postpartum. The mean length of stay was 10 days. The leading reason for admission to the ICUs was maternal @entity299 (36%) followed by complications from @entity548 (29%), @entity295 (9%), and @entity101 (9%). No significant racial or ethnic differences in maternal medical comorbidities or neonatal outcome were noted. CONCLUSION: In this obstetric population, the leading reason for ICU admissions was @entity299 . The increasing prevalence of advanced maternal age, @entity299 , @entity28 , @entity6 , and @entity101 among @entity1 who are of childbearing age may be contributing factors. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

title: Near-miss maternal mortality: XXXX as the principal cause of obstetric intensive care unit admissions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive disorders']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease', 'congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac dysfunction']