abstract: Within the battery of functional tests used in @entity1 considered to have an @entity5513 , the use of vestibular examination has been reduced by the widespread use of magnetic resonance imaging. Especially small @entity5 often show normal or atypical results in electronystagmographic examinations (ENG). The purpose of the present study was to determine the diagnostic value of preoperative vestibular diagnosis in predicting the origin of an @entity5513 , as well as the duration of @entity86 and @entity2103 . Sixty-seven @entity1 with intraoperatively confirmed @entity5 origins were examined preoperatively by ENG and electroneurography in addition to careful clinical examination. Group 1 (n = 45) consisted of @entity1 with @entity5 originating from the inferior vestibular nerve and group 2 (n = 22) had @entity5 involving the superior vestibular nerve. Postoperatively, @entity2103 was determined by using the House grading system and vestibular function was defined by ENG 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. Forty-seven percent of the @entity1 in group 1 showed a pathologic caloric response compared to 64% in group 2. When @entity1 had only a small @entity5 (< 1 cm), 27% of the @entity1 in group 1 and 71% in group 2 had abnormal caloric results. Vestibular recovery was prolonged in group 1, but a statistically significant difference in postoperative @entity2103 could not be found. These findings confirm that especially small @entity5 arising from the inferior vestibular nerve can remain undetected by using ENG for diagnosis.

title: [ XXXX and @entity2103 after @entity5513 operation. Relation to origin of the @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuroma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve function']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative vestibular compensation']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['Postoperative vestibular compensation']


abstract: Many @entity1 experience psychological changes during the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle. The late luteal (premenstrual) phase, when symptoms become most severe, is characterized by declining levels of ovarian @entity1420 . In female @entity35 , withdrawal from prolonged dosing with @entity1420 leads to upregulation of alpha4 and delta subunits of the GABAA receptor in several brain regions. During the oestrous cycle of the @entity35 , the natural fall in @entity1420 that occurs in late dioestrus is associated with a parallel increase in expression of alpha4, beta1 and delta GABAA receptor subunits in neurones in the periaqueductal grey matter (PAG), suggesting that new receptors of the alpha4beta1delta composition have been formed. Recombinant alpha4beta1delta receptors display a low EC50 for @entity1246 , which is consistent with activation by extracellular levels of @entity1246 . They are also likely to be located extrasynaptically and to carry tonic currents. In the PAG, a region involved in mediating @entity4697 -like @entity148 , alpha4, beta1 and delta GABAA receptor subunits are located principally on GABAergic interneurones. On-going GABAergic neuronal activity normally limits and controls the excitability of the panic circuitry. During late dioestrus, when expression of alpha4, beta1 and delta subunits on GABAergic interneurones is upregulated, the increase in tonic current would be expected to lead to a reduction in the activity of the GABAergic population. Thus the panic circuitry would become intrinsically more excitable. It is suggested that during the menstrual cycle in @entity1 , plasticity of GABAA receptor subunit expression in brain regions such as the PAG, which are involved in mediating @entity148 , may underlie some of the changes in mood that occur during the premenstrual period.

title: Plasticity of GABAA receptor subunit expression during the oestrous cycle of the @entity35 : implications for premenstrual syndrome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety behaviour']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A human @entity320 antigen-encoding gene-1, @entity6472 gene, may be linked to the neoplastic transformation. In the present study, we extended this association with @entity1 @entity356 . Specifically, we focused on the relationship between @entity6472 gene expression and the histologic stage of @entity356 . METHODS: We used a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay (RT-PCR) to analyze the expression of the @entity6472 gene in 38 endoscopic biopsy specimens from @entity356 . We also studied the relationship between the expression of @entity6472 gene and the genetic expression of several @entity5 invasion-related factors, including 72 kD type IV collagenase ( @entity1476 ), @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ), @entity6005 ( @entity6005 ), and @entity7 ( @entity7 ). RESULTS: Eleven of the 38 @entity5 samples (28.9%) expressed the @entity6472 gene. @entity6472 gene expression was present only in two of the 38 adjacent nontumor samples (5.3%). @entity6472 gene expression in the 38 @entity5 samples was significantly correlated with the histological stage of disease (P = 0.0008), especially with the depth of histologically confirmed @entity5 invasion (t1 vs. t2 or greater, P = 0.00048). The expression of @entity6472 gene correlated with the expression of @entity1476 (P = 0.0064), @entity2290 (P = 0.0390), and @entity6005 (P = 0.00018). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the @entity6472 gene may be activated in @entity356 during periods of their development or invasion. In addition, a relationship between @entity6472 gene expression and expression of invasion-related factors has been demonstrated.

title: XXXX antigen-encoding gene-1 expression in invasive @entity356 : correlation with stage of disease.

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase-type plasminogen activator', 'uPA']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity6005 :: ('5154', 'Gene') :: ['PDGF-A', 'platelet-derived growth factor A']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma', 'gastric carcinomas']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Melanoma']


abstract: Cytokine expression in lymph nodes from @entity291 inoculated intranasally with @entity2497 was compared to that of non-infected animals using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The effect of @entity2499 @entity281 , 4 months post-challenge, was to suppress the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and @entity17838 as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour @entity39 factor ( @entity17299 ) and @entity17837 . Expression of @entity12028 and IL-12 was maintained. Animals vaccinated with bacille Calmette-Gu  rin responded differently to challenge with @entity2499 . In particular, no decrease in expression of @entity18194 or @entity17837 was observed following challenge of vaccinated animals and decreased @entity12028 was detected. Also, vaccinated animals had higher levels of @entity18194 and @entity17838 transcripts compared to unvaccinated animals following challenge. These changes in cytokine expression levels led to a significant shift in the @entity12028 / @entity18194 or @entity12028 / @entity17838 ratio within the lymph node following challenge. Challenged animals generally showed a strong Th1 bias that was not seen in animals vaccinated prior to challenge. An inverse correlation between the level of pathology and bacterial load within the lymph node and the expression of @entity18194 , @entity17838 and @entity17299 was also observed. These results suggest that in the lymph nodes of @entity291 with established @entity378 and a persisting @entity2348 , maintenance of the pro-inflammatory response in combination with a suppressed anti-inflammatory response may control the @entity281 but contribute to host-induced @entity3145 . Vaccination, which reduces the bacterial load and consequently the @entity12028 response, may result in less suppression of anti-inflammatory cytokines.

title: Cytokine expression profiles of @entity291 lymph nodes: effects of XXXX @entity281 and bacille Calmette-Gu  rin vaccination.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity2497 :: ('1765', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium bovis']

answer: @entity2497 :: (1765,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium bovis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Moisturisers have many different effects on the skin, but increased plasticity is an important effect of moisturising. We have studied the short-term effects of six commonly used brands of moisturisers on the plasticity of normal and @entity272 . METHODS: Measurements of skin mechanics and capacitance were made in 25 healthy volunteers and 15 @entity1 with @entity483 , before and after moisturiser application. RESULTS: Baseline mechanical values did not differ in the two groups. Capacitance was significantly lower in atopics (P<0.001). All moisturisers increased distensibility and hysteresis of normal as well as @entity272 . Vaseline   and Locobase   caused significantly greater distensibility increases than other moisturisers tested in normal skin, and Vaseline   caused a significantly greater increase in the hysteresis of normal skin. Hysteresis was unaffected by Kerodex  and Clinique   in normal skin. No differences were seen between the effects of different moisturisers in @entity272 . Capacitance measurements fell significantly in normal skin, possibly because of residual cream on the skin surface, while an increase or a significantly smaller reduction were seen in @entity272 . This may reflect better absorption of the moisturisers in @entity272 . CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that high lipid moisturisers cause significantly greater changes in plasticity of normal skin than low-lipid moisturisers, and that @entity272 is influenced to a higher degree by moisturisers than normal skin.

title: The plastic sing effect of moisturizers on XXXX skin in vivo: a measure of moisturizing potency?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['atopic skin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the timing and mode of surgical management in @entity1 with @entity656 ( @entity656 ). METHOD: The timing, mode of operation and mortality were reviewed retrospectively in 50 @entity656 cases undergoing laparotomy in our hospital from 1985 to 1994. RESULT: The overall mortality was 14% and 85.7% of the mortality falls on the age between 40 to 60 years, with no difference in etiology and sex. The operative mortality reduced gradually in @entity1 with longer duration of illness (P > 0.05). The operative mortality of 31.8% in @entity1 undergoing laparotomy within 12 h after hospitalization was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in these operated on later. When the number of injured extra-pancreatic organs increased, the mortality also increased significantly (chi(2) = 5.99, P < 0.05). The related mortality with shock, @entity39 and @entity177 ( @entity177 ) was 31.8%, 31.6% and 28%, respectively (P < 0.05). The main procedures of surgical management were pancreatic debridement and/or drainage, and combined surgical measures. CONCLUSION: The laparotomy timing is an important factor influencing mortality as well as the severity of @entity39 , @entity295 , and @entity177 . @entity245 and 24 h preoperative management is recommended. Surgery adopted should be simple, efficient in drainage and debridement.

title: [The timing and mode of surgery in XXXX with @entity656 ].

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['SAP', 'severe acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['Delayed laparotomy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure', 'MOF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity858 - @entity3649 4-epimerase from @entity526 is a homodimer of molecular weight 39 kDa/subunit having noncovalently bound @entity2125 acting as cofactor. Denaturation by 8 M @entity1133 at pH 7.0 causes 85% loss of its secondary structure and dissociation of its constituent molecules. Dilution of the denaturant by buffer at pH 8.5 leads to functional reconstitution of the dimeric holoenzyme. The refolding process is biphasic: after 2 min an equilibrium conformer is formed having 72% of its native secondary structure and by 60 min reactivation becomes complete. The early intermediate has lower energy of activation against thermal denaturation than the reactivated state. Patterns of trypsin digestion suggests a native like structure of this intermediate. Variation of solvent viscosity and ionic strength and inclusion of @entity1521 cis-trans isomerase in the refolding process do not alter kinetics of reactivation. Moreover, unaltered kinetics of reactivation against variation of temperature, pH, and duration of denaturation strongly suggests absence of @entity1521 cis/trans isomerization. Measurement of kinetics of (i) recovery of tertiary structure by protein fluorescence; (ii) incorporation of @entity2125 from quantitation of bound cofactor; (iii) formation of substrate binding site by specific interaction with extrinsic fluorophore @entity31314 and quenching by @entity38177 , a competitive inhibitor; and (iv) recovery of activity indicate that they are all comparable. It appears that internal rearrangement of the protein during refolding, shielded from solvent, is the rate-limiting step of generation of cofactor binding site which ultimately leads to maturation of the holoenzyme structure.

title: @entity858 - XXXX 4-epimerase from @entity526 : formation of catalytic site during reversible folding.

entities_list: @entity31314 :: ('CHEBI:39708', 'Chemical') :: ['1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity3649 :: (MESH:D005690,Chemical) :: ['galactose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The HATCH score predicts the development of persistent and permanent @entity955 one year after spontaneous or pharmacological conversion to sinus rhythm in @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ). However, it remains unknown whether HATCH score predicts short-term success of the procedure at early stages for @entity1 who have undergone electrical cardioversion (EC) for @entity955 . The present study evaluated whether HATCH score predicts short-term success of EC in @entity1 with @entity955 . METHODS: The study included @entity1 aged 18 and over who had undergone EC due to @entity955 lasting less than 12 months between December 2011 and October 2013. HATCH score was calculated for all @entity1 . The acronym HATCH stands for @entity101 , Age (above 75 years), Transient @entity63 attack or @entity64 , @entity1030 , and @entity712 . This scoring system awards 2 points for @entity712 and transient @entity63 attack or @entity64 and 1 point for the remaining items. RESULTS: The study included 227 @entity1 and short-term EC was successful in 163 of the cases. The mean HATCH scores of the @entity1 who had undergone successful or unsuccessful EC were 1.3  1.4 and 2.9  1.4, respectively (p<0.001). The area of the HATCH score under the curve in ROC analysis was (AUC) 0.792 (95% CI:0.727-0.857, p<0.001). A HATCH score of 2 and above yielded 77% sensitivity, 62% specificity, 56% positive predictive value and 87% negative predictive value in predicting unsuccessful cardioversion. CONCLUSIONS: HATCH score is useful in predicting short-term success of EC at early stages for @entity1 with @entity955 for whom the use of a rhythm-control strategy is planned.

title: The role of HATCH score in predicting the success rate of sinus rhythm following electrical cardioversion of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Large amounts of gene expression data from several different technologies are becoming available to the scientific community. A common practice is to use these data to calculate global gene coexpression for validation or integration of other "omic" data. To assess the utility of publicly available datasets for this purpose we have analyzed @entity1 data from 1202 cDNA microarray experiments, 242 @entity12337 libraries, and 667 Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarray experiments. The three datasets compared demonstrate significant but low levels of global concordance (rc<0.11). Assessment against @entity74 ( @entity74 ) revealed that all three platforms identify more coexpressed gene pairs with common biological processes than expected by chance. As the Pearson correlation for a gene pair increased it was more likely to be confirmed by @entity74 . The Affymetrix dataset performed best individually with gene pairs of correlation 0.9-1.0 confirmed by @entity74 in 74% of cases. However, in all cases, gene pairs confirmed by multiple platforms were more likely to be confirmed by @entity74 . We show that combining results from different expression platforms increases reliability of coexpression. A comparison with other recently published coexpression studies found similar results in terms of performance against @entity74 but with each method producing distinctly different gene pair lists.

title: Assessment and integration of publicly available XXXX , cDNA microarray, and oligonucleotide microarray expression data for global coexpression analyses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Homo sapiens']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['GO', 'Gene Ontology']

answer: @entity12337 :: (55511,Gene) :: ['SAGE']


abstract: Rapid accumulation of few polyhedra (FP) mutants was detected during serial passaging of @entity31215 (HaSNPV) in cell culture. 100% FP infected cells were observed by passage 6. The specific yield decreased from 178 polyhedra per cell at passage 2 to two polyhedra per cell at passage 6. The polyhedra at passage 6 were not biologically active, with a 28-fold reduction in potency compared to passage 3. Electron microscopy studies revealed that very few polyhedra were produced in an FP infected cell (<10 polyhedra per section) and in most cases these polyhedra contained no virions. A specific failure in the intranuclear nucleocapsid envelopment process in the FP infected cells, leading to the accumulation of naked nucleocapsids, was observed. Genomic restriction endonuclease digestion profiles of budded virus DNA from all passages did not indicate any large DNA insertions or deletions that are often associated with such FP phenotypes for the extensively studied @entity20422 and Galleria mellonella nucleopolyhedrovirus. Within an HaSNPV 25K FP gene homologue, a single base-pair insertion (an @entity5536 residue) within a region of repetitive sequences (seven @entity5536 residues) was identified in one plaque-purified HaSNPV FP mutant. Furthermore, the sequences obtained from individual clones of the 25K FP gene PCR products of a late passage revealed point mutations or single base-pair insertions occurring throughout the gene. The mechanism of FP mutation in HaSNPV is likely similar to that seen for @entity12643 , involving point mutations or small insertions/deletions of the 25K FP gene.

title: Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of XXXX serially passaged in cell culture.

entities_list: @entity31215 :: ('51313', 'Species') :: ['Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus']

entities_list: @entity12643 :: ('10449', 'Species') :: ['Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus']

entities_list: @entity20422 :: ('46015', 'Species') :: ['Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus']

answer: @entity31215 :: (51313,Species) :: ['Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus']


abstract: Forty-eight uterine strips were excised from 24 New Zealand white @entity95 and studied in vitro. Sixteen strips were examined when eight animals were 25 days pregnant, 24 strips when 12 animals were about 12 hours postpartum, and eight strips about 12 hours after four animals received a single dose of 5 mg. @entity1420 (P) at spontaneous delivery. When after repeated exposures to electric fields (60 cycles per second, alternating current, of optimum strength, four seconds' duration at intervals of 30 seconds) the approximately 0.5 Gm. strips developed approximately 40-50g @entity2701 ( @entity2701 ) in steady state, the field strength was reduced in graded steps from 12 v per 5 cm. to 10, 8, 6, 4 and 3 v per 5 cm. and @entity2701 recorded. By measuring the effect on @entity2701 of "decreasing electric field stimulation" (DEFS), myometrical excitably and threshold were characterized and quantitated. The technique is based on the relationship between the fraction of myometrial cells activated in the total cell population and @entity2701 . As the stimulus is decreased in graded steps from optimal to increasingly suboptimal, DEFS activates fewer and fewer cells reflected by the decrease in @entity2701 . Threshold is defined by the strength of the minimum electric field which provokes @entity2701 and subthreshold by the field strength which fails to excite. Thus fractional @entity2701 averages the excitability of cells in the tissue and thus DEFS characterizes this important parameter of uterine function and quantitates threshold under a variety of regulatory conditions. The comparative study of excised uteri in three different endocrine states showed that the regulatory conditions of normal pregnancy (P levels 9 ng. per milliliter) suppressed excitability and increased threshold (to 6 v per 5 cm.). Post partum (P levels 1 ng. per milliliter) excitability increased and threshold decreased (to 4 v per 5 cm.), unless P treatment prevented this characteristic change by suppressing excitability and increasing threshold (to 6 v per 5 cm.). Both regulatory agents, @entity3774 (PGF2alpha) and its analogue @entity44805 , increased excitability and decreased threshold significantly in picogram per milliliter concentrations. However, this effect was observed only when the P levels were low. These compounds had little effect, even in manogram per milliliter concentrations, when the P levels were high. The studies also revealed a close relationship between threshold and spontaneous uterine activity. Low threshold promoted while high threshold suppressed spontaneous activity. In similar concentrations the oxytocic actions of PGF2alpha and @entity44805 were similar but the effect of @entity44805 was prolonged through strong binding at myometrical sites.

title: Effects of @entity1420 , XXXX and its analogue @entity44805 on the excitability and threshold of the uterus.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2alpha']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['wall tension', 'WT']

answer: @entity3774 :: (MESH:D015237,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin F2alpha']


abstract: @entity259 ( @entity259 ) accounts for 1.4% of all @entity1374 in Japan. Here, we studied the validity of a staging system evaluated preoperatively (Stage), intraoperatively (intra-Stage), and pathologically (pStage) based on the 6(th) and 7(th) UICC TNM classifications. One hundred and nineteen @entity259 @entity1 who did not show distant @entity3 at diagnosis and underwent locally curative surgery were enrolled in this study (average follow-up period: 173.4 months). Twenty-year clinical (not biochemical) disease-free survival (DFS) rates of Stage I, II, III, and @entity3480 @entity1 based on the 6(th) edition were 100, 88.2, 66.8, and 38.9%, respectively. DFS of Stage @entity3480 @entity1 was significantly poorer than that of Stage III @entity1 (p = 0.03137). However, using the 7(th) edition, only 1 @entity1 was classified with Stage III. Intra-Stage III @entity1 based on the 6th edition showed a significantly poorer DFS (20-year DFS 50.0%) than intra-Stage II @entity1 (92.9%) (p = 0.02668), and DFS of intra-Stage @entity3480 @entity1 (38.9%) tended to be poorer than that of intra-Stage III @entity1 (p = 0.05439). Only one @entity1 was classified with intra-Stage III using the 7(th) edition. In pStage, as many as 56 @entity1 (47.1%) were classified with pStage @entity3480 employing both editions. Taken together, Stage and intra-Stage were more useful to accurately discriminate high-risk @entity1 than pStage, and their 6(th) editions were better than 7(th) editions. Although the number of @entity1 was small, our data showed the possibility that intra-Stage in the 6(th) edition was the best staging system for @entity259 @entity1 .

title: Validity of 6(th) edition of UICC TNM classification system for XXXX : a proposal for intraoperative evaluation of T category.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['MTC', 'Medullary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid malignancies']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['medullary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The authors determined if E-point septal separation (EPSS) as measured by junior emergency physicians (EPs) correlated with visual estimation of @entity5707 ( @entity5707 ) by senior EPs and cardiologists in acutely dyspneic @entity1 presenting to an adult @entity341 ( @entity341 ). METHODS: Acutely dyspneic @entity1 were enrolled in a prospective, observational study. EPSS was measured using bedside ultrasonography by junior EPs ( @entity3970 and @entity9746 residents) with variable ultrasound experience. M-mode measurements of EPSS were recorded in the parasternal long-axis orientation and were calculated during diastole by measuring distance from the tip of the anterior mitral valve leaflet to the septal wall. @entity5707 was visually estimated at the bedside by emergency medicine (EM) ultrasound fellows and an EM ultrasound fellowship-trained attending physician and was subsequently visually estimated by two cardiologists reviewing video clips obtained by the junior EPs. The correlation between EPSS and visually estimated @entity5707 was calculated. RESULTS: Of the 58 @entity1 , the median age was 63 years (range = 28 to 90 years) and 66% were @entity1 . Interobserver reliability between EPs and cardiologists for the visual estimation of @entity5707 was excellent (k = 0.75). The correlation between measurements of EPSS by junior EPs and visual estimations of @entity5707 by the senior EPs was    = -0.844 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, junior EPs were able to obtain measurements of EPSS that correlated closely with visual estimates of @entity5707 by clinicians with extensive point-of-care and comprehensive echocardiography experience.

title: Can junior emergency physicians use E-point septal separation to accurately estimate left ventricular function in acutely dyspneic XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['LVEF', 'left ventricle ejection fraction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Two forms of spliceosomes were found in higher eukaryotes. The major form contains the U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6 snRNAs; the minor form contains the @entity39822 , @entity39821 , @entity49336 , U5, and @entity49337 snRNAs. Assembly and function of the major form are based on a complex dynamic of UsnRNA-UsnRNA and UsnRNA-pre-mRNA interactions, and the involved UsnRNA segments are highly posttranscriptionally modified in plants and vertebrates. To further characterize the minor form of spliceosomes, we looked for the psi residues in HeLa cells' @entity39822 , @entity39821 , @entity49336 , and @entity49337 snRNAs, using chemical approaches. Four psi residues were detected in total for these four atac UsnRNAs, compared to 20 in their counterparts of the major spliceosomes. The two psi residues detected in @entity39821 are also found in U2 snRNA. One of them belongs to the branch-site-recognition sequence. It forms one of the base pairs that bulge out the A residue, responsible for the nucleophilic attack. Conservation of this strategic psi residue probably reflects a functional role. Another psi residue was detected in a @entity49336 snRNA segment involved in formation of helix II with @entity49337 . The fourth one was detected in the additional stem-loop structure present at the 3' end of @entity49337 snRNA. Differences in psi content of the atac and major UsnRNAs of @entity1 cells may participate in the differentiation of the two splicing systems. Based on secondary structure similarity, U2 and @entity39821 snRNAs on the one hand and U4 and @entity49336 snRNAs on the other hand may share common psi synthases.

title: A limited number of pseudouridine residues in the XXXX atac spliceosomal UsnRNAs as compared to @entity1 major spliceosomal UsnRNAs.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aside from numerous parenchymal and vascular deposits of @entity5357 ( @entity5357 ) peptide, @entity3072 , and neuronal and synaptic loss, the neuropathology of @entity195 is accompanied by a subtle and chronic inflammatory reaction that manifests itself as microglial activation. However, in @entity195 , alterations in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and chemotaxis, in part mediated by chemokines and cytokines, may permit the recruitment and transendothelial passage of peripheral cells into the brain parenchyma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 monocytes from different donors were tested for their capacity to differentiate into macrophages and their ability to secrete cytokines and chemokines in the presence of @entity5357 1-42. A paradigm of the blood-brain barrier was constructed utilizing @entity1 brain endothelial and astroglial cells with the anatomical and physiological characteristics observed in vivo. This model was used to test the ability of monocytes/macrophages to transmigrate when challenged by @entity5357 1-42 on the brain side of the blood-brain barrier model. RESULTS: In cultures of peripheral monocytes, @entity5357 1-42 induced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines @entity310 , @entity650 , @entity1356 , and IL-12, as well as CC chemokines @entity2842 , @entity10557 , and @entity12868 , and CXC chemokine IL-8 in a dose-related fashion. In the blood-brain barrier model, @entity5357 1-42 and monocytes on the brain side potentiated monocyte transmigration from the blood side to the brain side. @entity5357 1-42 stimulated differentiation of monocytes into adherent macrophages in a dose-related fashion. The magnitude of these proinflammatory effects of @entity5357 1-42 varied dramatically with monocytes from different donors. CONCLUSION: In some individuals, circulating monocytes/macrophages, when recruited by chemokines produced by activated microglia and macrophages, could add to the inflammatory destruction of the brain in @entity195 .

title: Amyloid-beta induces chemokine secretion and monocyte migration across a XXXX blood--brain barrier model.

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary tangles']

entities_list: @entity5357 :: ('MESH:D012497', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid beta', 'A beta']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The nature of the host cellular immune response largely determines the expression of disease following @entity281 with the intracellular protozoans Leishmania spp. In experimental animals control and resolution of @entity281 are mediated by gamma interferon and @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity310 ), whereas disease progression is associated with the production of @entity3646 ( @entity3646 ), @entity225 , @entity688 , and @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ). We have analyzed the profile of cytokine gene expression directly in the lesions of 13 @entity1 with localized @entity4536 due to Leishmania mexicana. All but one @entity1 had a single lesion, and the time of evolution ranged from 8 days to 18 months. Cytokine gene expression was quantitated by reverse transcriptase PCR and interpolation from a standard curve. Gamma interferon, @entity310 , @entity1192 , @entity650 , @entity688 , and @entity2533 gene expression was present in all samples. @entity2772 and @entity3646 gene expression was barely detectable in 1 and 3 of 13 samples, respectively. @entity1199 and @entity225 mRNAs were not found. A significant increase in the expression of @entity1192 , @entity310 , @entity688 , and @entity2533 was observed in late lesions (> or = 4 months) compared with that in @entity75 (< or = 2 months). Because of their inhibitory effects on macrophage function, the expression of @entity688 and @entity2533 may play a role in the immunopathogenesis of chronic @entity4536 .

title: Increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines in chronic lesions of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['early lesions']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta', 'TGF-beta']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis']

answer: @entity4536 :: (MESH:D016773,Disease) :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate equivalence in the clinical efficacy of @entity23315 vs @entity4581 treatment of outpatients with acute exacerbations of chronic @entity3617 (AECB), and to compare the tolerability and respiratory-related health-care resource utilization associated with these treatment regimens. DESIGN AND @entity1 : A randomized, double-blind, multicenter, clinical study was conducted at 105 centers in 14 countries. Adult outpatients (age > or = 30 years) received oral @entity23315 , 800 mg qd for 5 days (n = 270), or oral @entity4581 , 500 mg bid for 10 days (n = 282), for the treatment of AECB. Clinical and bacteriologic outcomes were assessed at the posttherapy/test-of-cure (TOC) visit (days 17 to 24; per-protocol population). Health-care resource utilization data were collected for each @entity1 by investigators blinded to study medication up to the late posttherapy visit (days 31 to 36). RESULTS: Clinical cure rates at the posttherapy/TOC visit were comparable between the groups ( @entity23315 , 193 of 225 @entity1 [85.8%]; @entity4581 , 206 of 231 @entity1 [89.2%]); bacteriologic outcome was satisfactory for 59 of 72 @entity23315 -treated @entity1 (81.9%) vs 63 of 76 @entity4581 -treated @entity1 (82.9%). Health-care resource utilization assessed up to the late posttherapy visit was lower in the @entity23315 treatment group than the @entity4581 treatment group, with significantly fewer hospitalizations for respiratory-related causes (one hospitalization vs eight hospitalizations for a total of 4 inpatient days vs 39 inpatient days, respectively), significantly fewer AECB-related emergency department visits (0 vs 8), and fewer unscheduled outpatient visits (11 vs 18). Fewer @entity23315 -treated @entity1 reported days lost from work (21 of 91 @entity1 [23.1%]; 133 days) compared with those receiving @entity4581 (30 of 98 @entity1 [30.6%]; 141 days). @entity23315 was well tolerated; adverse events considered possibly related to study medication were reported by 61 of 269 @entity1 (22.7%) and 100 of 280 @entity1 (35.7%) receiving @entity23315 and @entity4581 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, 5-day @entity23315 treatment was as effective and well tolerated as 10-day @entity4581 treatment for @entity1 with AECB, and was associated with a reduced utilization of health-care resources.

title: Five-day XXXX once daily is as effective as 10-day @entity4581 twice daily for the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic @entity3617 and is associated with reduced health-care resource utilization.

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity23315 :: ('MESH:C106791', 'Chemical') :: ['Telithromycin', 'telithromycin']

answer: @entity23315 :: (MESH:C106791,Chemical) :: ['telithromycin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine the predictive value of the symptom of stress @entity322 and to evaluate the ability of other factors suggested by a published Agency for Health Care Policy and Research guideline for the discrimination of @entity1 unlikely to require urodynamic testing before surgical management. STUDY DESIGN: We evaluated 950 consecutive @entity1 without @entity530 who were referred with symptoms of @entity322 . @entity322 was recorded by means of standard forms and was characterized as "any @entity393 " (76.4%), "primarily @entity393 " (58.9%), " @entity393 only" (29.8%), "stress and urge loss" (52.2%), "urge loss only" (13.8%), "constant and @entity393 " (1.9%), or "constant loss" (2.3%). Other variables were assessed by means of a standardized history, physical examination (including urethral @entity204 and stress test), 1-week urinary diary, and postvoid residual volume measurement. A urodynamic diagnosis of pure genuine @entity3142 was used as the criterion standard. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. @entity2357 models incorporating various combinations of @entity393 only, previous prolapse or @entity322 surgery, @entity2183 , voiding frequency, @entity6369 , and postvoid residual volume <100 mL (the factors recommended by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research guidelines), along with age and race as predictors of genuine @entity3142 , were constructed to evaluate the predictive ability of the guideline in a subset of 447 @entity1 for whom data on all variables were available. RESULTS: Of the entire population 480 (50.5%) had pure genuine @entity3142 , 134 (14.1%) had both genuine @entity3142 and detrusor instability, 180 (18.9%) had pure detrusor instability, and 40 (4.2%) had @entity1690 . Fifty-four (5.7%) had normal study results, and 62 (6.5%) had other nonincontinence diagnoses. Among the subjects with symptoms of @entity393 only, 10.8% did not have genuine @entity3142 confirmed on urodynamic examination. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research guideline criteria had excellent discrimination (C statistic of 0.807) compared with the sole criterion of stress @entity322 only (C statistic of 0.574), with a positive predictive value of 85.7%. Only 7.8% of subjects met all the criteria, however, and 5.7% of these ultimately had a urodynamic diagnosis of either detrusor instability or normal study result. CONCLUSION: The predictive value of stress symptoms alone was not high enough to serve as the basis for surgical management. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research guidelines improved the predictive value but were applicable to only a small subset of @entity1 referred with @entity322 .

title: Which XXXX with @entity3142 require urodynamic evaluation?

entities_list: @entity6369 :: ('MESH:D014526', 'Disease') :: ['urethral hypermobility']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic sphincter deficiency']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence', 'Incontinence']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['advanced (stage III or IV) pelvic organ prolapse']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['stress loss']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['axis determination']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity272 ( @entity272 ) therapy is the treatment of choice for @entity3217 fungoides. However, conventional @entity272 therapy is time consuming as well as @entity1 unfriendly. Therefore we used @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) mode @entity272 in these @entity1 . High-dose rate mode of @entity272 is a technological innovation attached to a Linear Accelerator (Philips, SL-20, Netherlands), which can deliver an electron beam of 30 Gy/min at the iso-center. The iso-center faces the @entity1 , 100 cm away from the target of the linear accelerator. The @entity1 is treated at a distance of 10 feet from the iso-center of the linear accelerator. The dose delivered to the skin was 1.13 Gy/min, making the treatment execution much easier and @entity1 compliance much better. METHODS: Seven male @entity1 between 40 and 64 years in age having @entity3217 fungoides for 9-18 months were treated by @entity272 using @entity1168 mode between 1998 and 2000. The @entity272 was performed according to the Stanford technique, delivering a total dose of 36 Gy. Each @entity1 received a dose of 1.2 Gy/field/day. There were six fields, i.e. anterior, posterior, left and right anterior obliques, and left and right posterior obliques in both the upper and lower parts of the body. The eyes and nails were shielded at each session of radiotherapy. The times taken at each session of the therapy and radiation-associated side-effects were determined in each @entity1 . The @entity1 were followed up to 26 months (median 9 months) to look for any relapse. RESULTS: Three @entity1 had early stage disease (IB) whereas four @entity1 had @entity1442 (IIB). Six @entity1 out of these had complete remission following @entity272 while one @entity1 died as a result of progression of the disease during treatment. The treatment time taken at each treatment session in each individual @entity1 was approximately 15 min. Radiation-associated morbidity was seen in all @entity1 . @entity75 relapsed in two @entity1 after 4 and 10 months, respectively, while four @entity1 were alive without the disease at the end of 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: @entity272 using @entity1168 mode delivery of electrons is an easy, better, compliant and effective therapeutic modality for treatment of @entity3217 fungoides with an acceptable range of @entity137 .

title: @entity272 therapy in @entity3217 fungoides using XXXX mode: a preliminary experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Total skin electron irradiation', 'TSEI']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['high-dose rate', 'HDR']

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['high-dose rate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In Germany, increasing prescription rates of @entity2178 antagonists resulted in rising enquiries to Poisons Information Centres (PICs) during the last decade. Therefore, we aimed to assess their acute @entity137 for deriving triage recommendations. METHODS: An observational case series with data collected retrospectively from eight PICs in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. Inclusion criteria were monoexposure, defined dose, and documented follow-up. RESULTS: In total, 206 cases of exposures to @entity2178 antagonists were included ( @entity1564 , 94; @entity9884 , 3; @entity7056 , 20; @entity9886 , 26; @entity9885 , 16; @entity9887 , 18; and @entity917 , 29). The median dose expressed as a multiple of their maximum daily dose for adults adjusted to body weight (MDDw) was 2.3 in @entity1 and 6.8 in adults. @entity1 involved were 150 @entity1 with a median age of 2 years and a median body weight of 13 kg and 56 adults with a median age of 47 years and a median body weight of 70 kg. Most @entity1 remained asymptomatic (82.7%), 16.7% developed minor symptoms. Only once, a low blood pressure of 60/40 mm Hg required intravenous fluids after ingestion of a 8.75-fold MDDw of @entity1564 by a 2.5-year-old toddler. Among adults, 53.6% remained asymptomatic while almost half of the @entity1 suffered from minor (37.5%) or moderate (8.9%) symptoms. CONCLUSION: As no or only minor symptoms were observed after ingestion of less than a fivefold MDDw in both @entity1 and adults, only symptomatic @entity1 and those who have ingested a fivefold MDDw or higher dose should be referred for medical assessment.

title: XXXX antagonists - an assessment of their acute @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity7056 :: ('MESH:C081309', 'Chemical') :: ['irbesartan']

entities_list: @entity9884 :: ('MESH:C068373', 'Chemical') :: ['eprosartan']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['candesartan']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity9885 :: ('MESH:C437965', 'Chemical') :: ['olmesartan']

entities_list: @entity9887 :: ('MESH:C084178', 'Chemical') :: ['telmisartan']

answer: @entity2178 :: (183,Gene) :: ['Angiotensin II']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the bone turnover and bone mineral density in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 with normoalbuminuria and type 1 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity2316 with microalbuminuria or mild @entity644 . METHODS: We studied 18 type 1 @entity6 @entity1 (Group A) with normoalbuminuria (UAE < 10 micrograms/min) and 8 type 1 @entity6 @entity1 (Group B) with UAE 100-1000 micrograms/min and serum creatinine below 150 mumol/l. Markers of bone formation (bone alkaline phosphatase--ALP-B, serum osteocalcin) and bone resorption (serum @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase--ACP-TR, urinary @entity720 ) were determined. @entity79 ( @entity79 ) was measured at lumbar spine and right femoral neck. RESULTS: Serum ALP-B was higher in group B [median (95% CI), 518 (405-1070) nkat/l] compared with group A [380 (355-510) nkat/l] (p < 0.05). Urinary @entity720 excretion was higher in group B [U-Hxp/U-creat 46.7 (22.9-80) mumol/mmol] compared with group A [18.3 (8.9-22.7) mumol/mmol] (p < 0.001). No difference was found in serum osteocalcin and ACP-TR and in @entity79 at L2-L4 and femoral neck. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that bone turnover was increased in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 with incipient stage of @entity2316 but there was no difference in @entity79 as compared with type 1 @entity6 @entity1 without @entity8 . This finding might indicate that biochemical markers unlike densitometry reflect initial changes in bone metabolism in preclinical @entity2316 earlier. (Tab. 2, Ref. 17.)

title: [Bone turnover and bone density in type 1 diabetics in the initial stages of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity5272 :: ('MESH:C029768', 'Chemical') :: ['tartrate']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1576 has been described in @entity1 who underwent repair of @entity1152 as a neonate. We compared the influence of open thoracotomy or thoracoscopy on lung function, respiratory symptoms, and growth. METHODS: Functional residual capacity (FRC(p)), indicative of lung volume, and maximal expiratory flow at functional residual capacity (V'max(FRC)), indicative of airway patency, of 37 @entity1 operated for @entity1152 were measured with Masterscreen Babybody at 6 and 12 months. SD scores were calculated for V'max(FRC). RESULTS: Repair was by thoracotomy in 21 cases (57%) and by thoracoscopy in 16 cases (43%). Lung function parameters did not differ between the types of surgery (FRC(p); P = .384 and V'max(FRC); P = .241). FRC(p) values were in the upper normal range and increased from 6 to 12 months (22.5 and 25.4 mL/kg respectively, P = .010). Mean (SD) V'max(FRC) was below the norm without significant change in SD scores from 6 to 12 months (-1.9 and -2.3, respectively, P = .248). Neither lung function nor type of repair was associated with clinical evolution up to 2 years. CONCLUSION: Lung function during the first year was similar in EA @entity1 repaired by thoracotomy or thoracoscopy. Ongoing follow-up including pulmonary function testing is needed to determine whether differences occur at a later age in this cohort.

title: XXXX and growth after open thoracotomy or thoracoscopic repair of @entity1152 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory morbidity']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['Respiratory morbidity']


abstract: @entity14039 (HF) is commonly used for conditioning the glass ceramics either prior to cementation or for intraoral repair in prosthetic and restorative dentistry. The present study offers a review of chemical properties of HF used, highlight the possible hazardous effects of this agent, and to recommend the treatment approach for potential risks. Available published information documented in PubMed, Medline, and Picarta literature databases was reviewed. Additional information was derived from scientific reports, medical and chemical textbooks, handbooks, product information, manufacturers' instructions, Internet web sites of the HF manufacturers. No report was found on the incidence of the hazardous effects of HF in dentistry. Reports from other fields presented incidences of acute and chronic symptoms in exposure to HF. While acute symptoms include @entity5806 , chronic ones involve systemic @entity137 , @entity4858 , inhalation and ingestion-related symptoms that can be even fatal. HF can be harmful and particularly @entity146 to soft tissues, but symptoms may not be apparent immediately after exposure. The hazardous effects are not based on the pH value, but on the @entity137 of HF. Potential hazards of HF known from other applications than dentistry should be considered also in dental applications. Especially the clinicians, who often deal with adhesive cementation or repair of glass ceramics, should take necessary precautions for possible hazards of HF.

title: Possible hazardous effects of XXXX and recommendations for treatment approach: a review.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5806 :: ('MESH:D009260', 'Disease') :: ['skin or nail burns']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['eye injuries']

entities_list: @entity14039 :: ('MESH:D006858', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrofluoric acid']

answer: @entity14039 :: (MESH:D006858,Chemical) :: ['hydrofluoric acid']


abstract: Levels of @entity116 -specific antibodies were assessed in free-ranging, yearling @entity2608 following prophylactic immunization with @entity116 toxoid. Each subject's behavior had been observed between 11 and 25 weeks of age and approximately 2 months later during its mother's first concentrated mating period as a part of another study. Prior to immunization, at approximately 1 year of age, @entity65 , and several plasma parameters [ @entity701 , adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ), @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ), and total plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG)] were measured during a brief period of captivity. Antibody titers noted approximately 2 weeks after immunization were related to @entity65 . Thus, yearlings with high heart rates and low @entity299 variability during captivity had the highest @entity116 -specific serum IgG. Levels of plasma @entity701 , ACTH, total IgG, and @entity1199 noted at the time of capture were unrelated to subsequent antibody levels. Antibody titers were, however, positively correlated with @entity2124 noted immediately following capture on the day prior to immunization. Antibody titers were also related to the @entity1 ' behavior observed during their mother's first concentrated mating period. @entity1 who were most distressed (high levels of distress vocalization) when their mother resumed mating (a time particularly stressful for free-ranging rhesus @entity1 ) showed lower antibody titers to @entity116 immunization as a yearling. The present observations add support to the existence of a relationship between behavior during exposure to an early stressor and later immune regulation and that certain @entity65 may be related to certain indicators of immunoregulation.

title: Specific antibody levels in free-ranging XXXX : relationships to plasma hormones, cardiac parameters, and early behavior.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular parameters']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkeys']


abstract: Angiotensin (Ang) II is capable of producing inflammatory changes by signals through its AT1 receptor. Reactive @entity26 species production, adhesion molecule expression, chemokines, and other mediators are involved. @entity11346 (AP-1) are two of the transcription factors activating the responsible genes. We have studied Ang II-independent modulating effects in a double transgenic @entity35 model harboring the @entity1 @entity916 and @entity2178 genes. We have recently focused on the protective effects of @entity2453 reductase inhibition and review these data here. We found that @entity23260 decreased mortality, lowered blood pressure, preserved renal function, decreased @entity1283 , and inhibited the entire chain of inflammatory events. Furthermore, NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation was sharply attenuated. We also observed that @entity23260 blocked @entity1366 phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro. @entity23260 also inhibited @entity4621 -transmitted events in vascular smooth muscle cells. Because Rho, a member of the Ras protein superfamily is important to Ang II-dependent and -independent vascular smooth muscle signaling events, we suggest that @entity23260 may act by inhibiting the prenylation, membrane anchoring, and subsequent activation of Ras proteins. These data may in part explain @entity165 -independent, @entity2453 reductase-related, protective effects.

title: Modulating XXXX -induced inflammation by HMG Co-A reductase inhibition.

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensinogen']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity11346 :: ('3726', 'Gene') :: ['Nuclear factor-kappaB (NK-kappaB) and activator protein 1']

entities_list: @entity23260 :: ('MESH:C086276', 'Chemical') :: ['cerivastatin', 'Cerivastatin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2178 :: (183,Gene) :: ['angiotensin II']


abstract: Intracellular recordings were obtained from pyramidal cells to examine @entity1246 -B (GABAB)-mediated synaptic mechanisms in the @entity1249 region of @entity35 hippocampal slices. To investigate if heterogeneous ionic mechanisms linked to GABAB receptors originate from distinct sets of inhibitory fibers, GABAB-mediated monosynaptic late inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) were elicited in the presence of antagonists of ionotropic @entity2227 and GABAA receptors and of an inhibitor of @entity1246 uptake and were compared after direct stimulation of inhibitory fibers in three different @entity1249 layers: stratum oriens, radiatum, and lacunosum-moleculare. No significant differences were found in mean amplitude, rise time, or time to decay to half-amplitude of IPSPs evoked from the three layers. Mean equilibrium potential (Erev) of late IPSPs was similar for all groups and close to the equilibrium potential of K+. Bath application of the GABAB antagonist @entity7234 blocked all monosynaptic late IPSPs. During recordings with micropipettes containing @entity2164 ( @entity2164 ), the mean amplitude of all GABAB IPSPs gradually was reduced. Bath application of @entity8594 completely eliminated monosynaptic late IPSPs evoked from any of the stimulation sites. Late IPSPs were blocked completely during @entity8594 applications that reduced the GABAB-mediated hyperpolarizations elicited by local application of exogenous @entity1246 only by approximately 50%. These results indicate that heterogenous K+ conductances activated by GABAB receptors do not originate from separate sets of inhibitory fibers in these layers. To examine if synchronous release of @entity1246 from a larger number of inhibitory fibers could activate heterogeneous GABAB mechanisms, giant GABAB IPSPs were induced by @entity973 ( @entity974 ) in the presence of antagonists of ionotropic @entity2227 and GABAA receptors. The amplitude and time course 4-AP-induced late IPSPs were approximately double that of evoked monosynaptic late IPSPs, but their voltage sensitivity, Erev, and antagonism by the GABAB antagonist @entity7234 and intracellular GTPgammaS were similar. @entity8594 completely abolished 4-AP-induced late IPSPs, whereas responses elicited by exogenous @entity1246 were only reduced by approximately 50% in the same cells. These results indicate that synchronous activation of large numbers of inhibitory fibers, as induced by 4-AP, may not activate heterogenous GABAB-mediated conductances. Similarly, @entity8594 almost completely blocked late inhibitory postsynaptic currents evoked by stimulus trains. Overall, our results show that exogenous @entity1246 can activate heterogenous K+ conductances via GABAB receptors, but that @entity1246 released synaptically, either by electrical stimulation or 4-AP application, can only activate K+ conductances homogeneously sensitive to @entity8594 . Thus GABAB receptors located at synaptic and extrasynaptic sites on hippocampal pyramidal cells may be linked to distinct K+ conductances.

title: Distinct GABAB actions via synaptic and extrasynaptic receptors in XXXX hippocampus in vitro.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity2164 :: ('MESH:D016244', 'Chemical') :: ['GTPgammaS', "guanosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate)"]

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The interval between neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery for @entity5 has arbitrarily been set at 6-8 weeks. However, @entity5 regression is variable. This study aimed to evaluate whether the interval between neoadjuvant therapy and surgery had an impact on pathologic response and on surgical and oncologic outcome. METHODS: A total of 356 consecutive @entity1 with clinical stage II and III rectal @entity420 were identified. Median age was 63 years, and 65 % were @entity1 . All @entity1 received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (45 Gy) with a continuous infusion of @entity1487 . Data on neoadjuvant-surgery interval, type of surgery, pathology, @entity260 , length of hospital stay, disease recurrence, and survival were reviewed. @entity1 were divided into two groups according to the interval between neoadjuvant therapy and surgery:  <= 7 weeks (short interval, n = 201) and >7 weeks (long interval, n = 155). RESULTS: The complete pathologic response rate was 21 %. It was significantly higher after a longer interval (28 %) than after a shorter interval (16 %, p = 0.006). A longer interval did not affect morbidity or length of hospital stay. After a median follow-up of 4.9 years, the 5-year cancer-specific survival rate was 83 % in the short-interval group versus 91 % in the long-interval group (p = 0.046), and the free-from-recurrence rate was 73 versus 83 %, respectively (p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective analysis, there seems to be an association between a longer interval after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and complete pathologic response without affecting postoperative morbidity and length of hospital stay, and with no detrimental effect on oncologic outcome.

title: Impact of interval between neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and TME for locally advanced XXXX on pathologic response and oncologic outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: One hundred eighty-eight unselected consecutive @entity1 with "de novo" @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) were studied cytogenetically. They were subclassified as 4 @entity417 with @entity27487 (RARS), 67 @entity417 ( @entity417 ), 58 @entity7139 ( @entity7139 ), 40 @entity7139 in transformation ( @entity7139 -t), and 19 @entity6130 ( @entity6130 ). The overall incidence of @entity2008 was 69%. The @entity7139 and @entity7139 -t @entity1 showed karyotypic changes, more often than @entity417 and @entity6130 (76% and 100% vs. 56% and 42%, respectively). The most frequent @entity154 was del(5)(q13-q22q33) (22 cases), followed by monosomy 7 or @entity6158 (11 cases), del(11) (q14q23) (8 cases), trisomy 8 (4 cases). Complex karyotypes (defined by the presence of three or more structural or numerical abnormalities) were detected in 33 @entity1 . With regard to the @entity1334 classification, del (5)(q13q33) was associated with @entity417 , and complex rearrangements with @entity7139 and @entity7139 -t. Leukemic transformation occurred in 66 @entity1 (46%), none with a normal karyotype or del(11)(q14q23) as single abnormality. In @entity1 carrying 5q- alone, acute evolution correlated with proximal breakpoint localization, being found in no case with del(5)(q13q33) but in three out of four cases with del(5)(q22q33). @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) progression happened in all cases with complex rearrangements and monosomy 7 or @entity6158 ). Two of the four trisomy eight @entity1 evolved in @entity3052 . By using the Cox proportional hazard regression analysis it was demonstrated that the karyotype abnormality was a significant predictor of leukemic transformation (P < 0.001). @entity1 with abnormal karyotypes without @entity66 had a survival (median survival 12 months) shorter than that of cases with only normal metaphases (median 83 months) (P < 0.001); @entity1 with a mixture of normal/abnormal metaphases had a median survival of 31 months. The median survival for complex karyotypes was 7 months. Among cases with single defects, del(5)(q13q33) showed the best survival (64 months), monosomy 7 and @entity6158 ) the worst (7 months) (P < 0.001).

title: Karyotype in XXXX : relations to morphology, clinical evolution, and survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['single anomaly']

entities_list: @entity27487 :: ('MESH:D000756', 'Disease') :: ['ringed sideroblasts']

entities_list: @entity7139 :: ('MESH:D000754', 'Disease') :: ['RAEB', 'refractory anemia with excess of blasts']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['refractory anemia', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['complex abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6130 :: ('MESH:D015477', 'Disease') :: ['CMML', 'chronic myelomonocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'Acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome abnormalities']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: The role of liver transplantation in the treatment of @entity157 in livers without @entity82 / @entity82 (NC- @entity157 ) is unclear. We aimed to determine selection criteria for liver transplantation in @entity1 with NC- @entity157 . METHODS: Using the European Liver Transplant Registry, we identified 105 @entity1 who underwent liver transplantation for unresectable NC- @entity157 . Detailed information about @entity1 , @entity5 characteristics, and survival was obtained from the transplant centers. Variables associated with survival were identified using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. RESULTS: Liver transplantation was primary treatment in 62 @entity1 and rescue therapy for intrahepatic recurrences after liver resection in 43. Median number of @entity5 was 3 (range 1-7) and median @entity5 size 8 cm (range 0.5-30). One- and 5-year overall and @entity5 -free survival rates were 84% and 49% and 76% and 43%, respectively. @entity3 (HR 2.55, 95% CI 1.34 to 4.86), lymph node involvement (HR 2.60, 95% CI 1.28 to 5.28), and time interval between liver resection and transplantation < 12 months (HR 2.12, 95% CI 0.96 to 4.67) were independently associated with survival. Five-year survival in @entity1 without macrovascular invasion or lymph node involvement was 59% (95% CI 47-70%). @entity5 size was not associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest reported series of @entity1 transplanted for NC- @entity157 . Selection of @entity1 without macrovascular invasion or lymph node involvement, or @entity1 >=  12months after previous liver resection, can result in 5-year survival rates of 59%. In contrast to @entity157 in @entity82 , @entity5 size is not a predictor of post-transplant survival in NC- @entity157 .

title: Liver transplantation for unresectable XXXX in normal livers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Macrovascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: This letter reports another case of invasive @entity957 in a @entity1 who had been exposed to @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ) in utero. The @entity1 was a 21-year-old nulliparous white @entity1 . Her mother had taken DES, 25 mg daily, beginning at 6 weeks of gestation and continuing possibly as late as 20 weeks. The mother also took dimenhydrinate, 50 mg once daily. A pelvic examination of the @entity1 at age 19 was normal and the cytologic smear was negative. The @entity1 used an oral contraceptive containing .5 mg of @entity6692 and .05 mg of @entity2082 for 3 months. A year later, gynecologic examination and cytologic smear were negative. Subsequently she was treated for trichomonal and @entity363 . Later, leukorrhea and @entity1867 developed. On examination, an ulcerating exphytic @entity5 was found. Cytologic smear and biopsy showed @entity957 . A radical hysterectomy was done with removal of pelvic lymph nodes and the upper 1/3 of the vagina. Endometriosis implants on the colon and on both ovaries were also removed. Follow-up examinations and cytologic smears have been negative to date.

title: Invasive @entity957 in a XXXX -exposed offspring.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity363 :: ('MESH:D002181', 'Disease') :: ['monilial vaginitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinyl estradiol']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix']

entities_list: @entity6692 :: ('MESH:D009644', 'Chemical') :: ['norgestrel']

entities_list: @entity1867 :: ('MESH:D008796', 'Disease') :: ['intermenstrual bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

answer: @entity4742 :: (MESH:D004054,Chemical) :: ['diethylstilbestrol']


abstract: This study assesses the efficacy, safety, and dose-response curve of @entity6009 , according to parenteral routes of administration, in the treatment of acute severe essential @entity101 . We studied 50 @entity1 with supine diastolic blood pressure (SDBP) phase V greater than or equal to 110 mm Hg after 2 h of continuous BP monitoring. @entity6009 was administered as follows: 5 mg i.m. (Group I: SDBP X = 115.7 mm Hg); 10 mg i.m. (Group II: SDBP X = 119.0 mm Hg); 5 mg i.v. (Group III: SDBP X = 123.9 mm Hg); and 10 mg i.v. (Group IV: SDBP X = 130.8 mm Hg), according to initial severity of symptoms and BP. All @entity1 were monitored, and most of them were on antihypertensive treatment. [Total group mean age: 57.9 years (range: 38-78 years)]. There were 35 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 . Systolic BP fell progressively, from a mean of 177.9 mm Hg (basal) to 156.4 mm Hg at 60 min postadministration (Group I), p less than 0.01; from 188 to 164 mm Hg (Group II), p less than 0.05; from 192.1 to 157.9 mm Hg (Group III), p less than 0.01; and from 207.5 to 168.3 mm Hg (Group IV), p less than 0.01). SDBP decreased from a basal mean value of 115.7 to 92.1 mm Hg at 60 min (Group I), p less than 0.01; from 119.0 to 98 mm Hg (Group II), p less than 0.05; from 123.9 to 101.6 mm Hg (Group III), p less than 0.01; and from 130.8 to 105.8 mm Hg (Group IV), p less than 0.01. Heart rate decreased slightly in all groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX in parenteral treatment of acute essential @entity101 : a dose-response curve.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6009 :: ('MESH:D007650', 'Chemical') :: ['Ketanserin', 'ketanserin']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity6009 :: (MESH:D007650,Chemical) :: ['Ketanserin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In the last two decades there has been a reported increase in the incidence of @entity137 ( @entity137 ). The objective of this study was to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of this infection. METHODS: Retrospective study of all cases of @entity137 diagnosed at a single tertiary hospital over the last ten years. RESULTS: We report 13 cases of @entity137 (8 @entity1 , mean age 62 years). The mean annual incidence was 0.19 episodes/100,000 population from 1994 to 1998 and 0.53 episodes/100,000 population from 1999 to 2003 (p = 0.059). All @entity1 had at least one underlying disease and there were no intravenous drug users. The most common portals of entry were the skin and soft tissues (85%) and all but one @entity1 had a positive blood culture. Two cases were nosocomial and five @entity1 required surgery (amputation and/or debridement). There was a high mortality rate (85%) and a rapid course from onset to @entity204 ; nine @entity1 died within four days after establishing the diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The incidence of SSTS has increased over the last five years at our hospital. Elderly @entity1 with underlying medical conditions were more susceptible to acquiring this infection. Early mortality was very high.

title: [Streptococcal XXXX : ten years' experience at a tertiary hospital].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal toxic shock syndrome', 'STSS']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxic shock syndrome']


abstract: A double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled trial was carried out on 155 adult outpatients with @entity158 (Huskisson's analogical scale > 40 mm) monolbilateral femorotibial and/or femoropatellar @entity626 , radiologically confirmed. @entity1 were randomly given either @entity17338 plasters ( @entity17338 , 78 @entity1 ), containing 180 mg of active drug each, or matched PBO (77 ptns). Plasters were applied b.i.d. (at 8 a.m. and 8 p.m.) on the affected joint, for 15 days. No NSAID treatment was allowed during the trial, while @entity1443 was admitted from the 4th day on and its daily intake carefully recorded. Huskisson's test and Lequesne's index were assessed at days 0, 4, 7 and 15. @entity1 were asked to fill in a daily cared with Huskisson's scale and subjective evaluations. Differences in favour of @entity17338 were observed from the first assessment (4th d.) on Huskisson's scale and Lequesne's index (p < 0.001). According to the @entity1 ' subjective evaluation, @entity158 decreased as soon as the first day in both groups, with significant differences in favour of @entity17338 (p < 0.005). Even the number of night awakenings recorded by the @entity1 was significantly in favour of @entity17338 (p < 0.005). It is worth noting that these results were obtained in spite of a significant reduction of @entity1443 intake in @entity17338 @entity1 in comparison with PBO @entity1 (p < 0.01). Tolerability was judged good or excellent in the majority of cases: only minor side effects occurred in five @entity1 (4 PBO, 1 @entity17338 ) and the interruption of treatment was required for only one of the PBOs. This study shows that @entity17338 plaster significantly differs from matched PBO in the improvement of @entity158 and @entity1 's condition in @entity158 .

title: XXXX plasters as a topical treatment of @entity626 --a double-blind placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis of the knee']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful knee osteoarthritis', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity17338 :: ('MESH:C064142', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEP', 'diclofenac hydroxyethylpyrrolidine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

answer: @entity17338 :: (MESH:C064142,Chemical) :: ['DHEP']


abstract: To investigate if @entity11028 water is superior to tap water (TW) in relieving the symptoms of @entity158 , joint motion, life quality in @entity626 ( @entity626 ) @entity1 . In this randomized placebo-controlled trial, 52 @entity1 with @entity626 were followed in two groups. In group I (n = 27), @entity1 were treated in the pool full of @entity11028 water at 37 degrees C for 20 min a day, 5 days a week, for a period of 2 weeks. In group II (n = 25), the same protocol was used but @entity11028 water was replaced by TW heated to 37 degrees C. @entity1 in both groups were given a home-based standardized exercise program. Evaluation parameters were @entity158 (pVAS), @entity925 ( @entity925 ), 50-ft walking duration, quadriceps muscle strength (QMS), @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ), WOMAC OA index, and Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). The first evaluation was done after the informed consent was obtained. Second and third evaluations were done at the 2nd and 12th week. PVAS, 50-ft walking duration, @entity3457 , @entity925 , WOMAC, and NHP variables improved in group I. Same variables except QMS improved also in group II. Comparison of the groups just after treatment showed that only pVAS (P = 0.015), NHP @entity158 score (P = 0.020), and @entity925 (P = 0.002) differed significantly in favor of group I at the 2nd or 12th week. Both of the thermal treatment modalities were found to be effective in the management of the clinical symptoms and quality of life in @entity626 @entity1 . However, @entity158 and @entity925 improved statistically better with balneotherapy. There were no significant differences between the groups for the other variables.

title: Balneotherapy and tap water therapy in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis', 'KOA']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness', 'tenderness score', 'TS']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['AFD', 'active flexion degree']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Once-daily administration of @entity581 in @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) @entity1 is considered equally efficacious and potentially less nephrotoxic than dosing three times a day. However, the choice of the most suitable PK/PD index (C(max)/MIC versus AUC(24)/MIC) to ensure optimum clinical outcome in this @entity1 population is not clear. @entity1 AND METHODS: In a single-centre, open, randomized, controlled, non-blinded study 33 adult @entity1577 @entity1 (20 females, 19-37 years) were treated with intravenous @entity2890 (10 mg/kg/day) for 14 days given either as single dose once a day (Q24; 17 @entity1 ) or divided into three equal doses every 8 h (Q8; 16 patients). @entity2890 serum concentrations and MICs for @entity796 were determined on days 1 and 14. The clinical outcome parameter, correlated to PK/PD indices, was the percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)% pred.). RESULTS: FEV(1)% pred. improved significantly for both treatments. There was a log-linear relationship between C(max)/MIC and FEV(1)% pred. and AUC/MIC and FEV(1)% pred. for both treatments. For equal values of AUC24/MIC, however, Q24 treatment provided better improvement in lung function than Q8 dosing, whereas C(max)/MIC did not show any dosing interval dependence. A statistically significant increase was observed for MIC (day 1) versus MIC (day 14) for Q24 treatment, however, no such difference was observed for Q8 treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The most important PK/PD parameter for clinical outcome in @entity1577 @entity1 was C(max)/MIC. Outcome prediction of AUC(24)/MIC was dependent on the regimen. The increase of @entity796 resistance after once-daily administration is linked to a long dosing interval. More and larger studies are needed to optimize the dosing regimen for maximum clinical outcome with minimum resistance development.

title: Once-daily @entity2890 in XXXX : better for clinical outcome than thrice-daily @entity2890 but more resistance development?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['Tobramycin', 'tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: The operation of tonsillectomy requires the oral cavity to be held open mechanically in an unconscious @entity1 , and intra-oral instrumentation to occur. @entity10212 may arise as a result of this after operation. This can cause morbidity and delay the re-establishment of a normal diet. The aim of this study was to identify what factors increase the likelihood of developing this problem postoperatively. Sixty @entity1 were randomly selected in a prospective manner. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative variables were recorded. The frequency of development of @entity86 was recorded. The prevalence of the condition was related to the prerecorded variables. Parametric analysis showed that the chance of developing @entity10212 was directly related to the use of diathermy haemostasis (P = 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio of developing this complication if diathermy was used is 3.5 (95% confidence intervals 0.99, 12.4) and operation difficulty may also be a relevant variable. No other recorded variables were found to be significant.

title: XXXX after tonsillectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative angular cheilitis']

entities_list: @entity10212 :: ('MESH:D002613', 'Disease') :: ['angular cheilitis', 'Angular cheilitis']

answer: @entity10212 :: (MESH:D002613,Disease) :: ['Angular cheilitis']


abstract: Coenzyme A ( @entity9931 )-transferase ( @entity29709 : @entity598 / @entity4876 : @entity9931 -transferase [ @entity4876 - @entity4323 @entity9931 -transferase] [EC 2.8.3.9]) of @entity19371 is an important enzyme in the metabolic shift between the acid-producing and solvent-forming states of this organism. The purification and properties of the enzyme have recently been described (D. P. Weisenborn, F. B. Rudolph, and E. T. Papoutsakis, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55:323-329, 1989). The genes encoding the two subunits of this enzyme have been cloned by using synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide probes designed from @entity1472 -terminal sequencing data from each subunit of the @entity9931 -transferase. A @entity5999 EMBL3 library of @entity19313 DNA was prepared and screened by using these probes. Subsequent subcloning experiments established the position of the structural genes for @entity9931 -transferase. Complementation of @entity526 ato mutants with the recombinant plasmid pCoAT4 (pUC19 carrying a 1.8-kilobase insert of @entity19313 DNA encoding @entity9931 -transferase activity) enabled the transformants to grow on @entity4876 as a sole @entity505 source. Despite the ability of @entity9931 -transferase to complement the ato defect in @entity526 mutants, Southern blot and Western blot (immunoblot) analyses showed that neither the @entity19313 genes encoding @entity9931 -transferase nor the enzyme itself shared any apparent homology with its @entity526 counterpart. Polypeptides of Mr of the purified @entity9931 -transferase subunits were observed by Western blot and maxicell analysis of whole-cell extracts of @entity526 harboring pCoAT4. The proximity and orientation of the genes suggest that the genes encoding the two subunits of @entity9931 -transferase may form an operon similar to that found in @entity526 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cloning and expression of @entity19371 acetoacetyl-coenzyme A: @entity598 / @entity4876 :coenzyme A-transferase in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4323 :: ('MESH:C016635', 'Chemical') :: ['acetoacetate']

entities_list: @entity4876 :: ('MESH:D002087', 'Chemical') :: ['butyrate']

entities_list: @entity5999 :: ('10710', 'Species') :: ['bacteriophage lambda']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity19313 :: ('1488', 'Species') :: ['C. acetobutylicum']

entities_list: @entity19371 :: ('272562', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824']

entities_list: @entity29709 :: ('MESH:C010667', 'Chemical') :: ['acetoacetyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Immune-mediated @entity882 (IMTPs) are frequently-occurring @entity74 in clinical medicine. They may be caused by allo-immunity, @entity792 , or by drug-induced immune mechanism. All IMTPs are caused by antibodies, which may induce @entity1423 but may also hinder platelet function. Many different platelet membrane molecules (i.e. antigens) are involved in the immune processes that play a role in IMTP. Much is already known about the structure of these molecules. Notably the alloantigens involved in alloimmune-mediated @entity882 have been quite well studied. Many of these antigens appear to be polymorphic determinants of adhesion molecules of the integrin superfamily, and are also present on cells other than platelets (endothelial cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells). The methodology for studying platelet antigens and antibodies involved in IMTPs has markedly improved in recent years. This has not only led to better diagnostic tests but also to a better understanding of the immunopathogenesis of these diseases. Platelet immunology is scientifically very much alive, and is expected to remain so in the coming years.

title: Immunology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['haemostatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenias', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['increased platelet destruction']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['platelet disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between severity of illness at admission and mortality of @entity1 with @entity10577 ( @entity10577 ). METHODS: Medical records from 298 @entity10577 @entity1 > or =18 years old were reviewed. Severity of illness at admission was evaluated with the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II and the @entity697 ( @entity697 ) II scoring systems. Stepwise logistic regression and receiver-operating-characteristic curve analyses were performed. RESULTS: The case-fatality rate was 10%. Multivariate analysis showed that APACHE II (P = .0004), @entity697 II (P = .0008), the presence of gas-forming abscess (P <.0001), and the presence of anaerobic infection (P <.0001) all were associated with mortality. The area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve was .884 (95% confidence interval .842 to .918) for APACHE II and .857 (95% confidence interval .812 to .895) for @entity697 II, which were not significantly different (P = .490). The optimal cutoff APACHE II value of > or =15 had a sensitivity of 77% and a specificity of 92%, with a 20.3-fold risk of mortality (P <.0001). The @entity697 II cutoff value of > or =28 had a sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 82%, with a 7.2-fold risk of mortality (P = .008). CONCLUSIONS: Both the APACHE II and the @entity697 II scoring methods are appropriate for assessing mortality of @entity10577 @entity1 .

title: Severity of disease as main predictor for mortality in XXXX with @entity10577 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10577 :: ('MESH:D046290', 'Disease') :: ['pyogenic liver abscess', 'PLA']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['simplified acute physiology score', 'SAPS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The mechanisms underlying @entity1118 after @entity7125 are usually unclear. Injuries may cause sensitization of spinal cord neurons in animals (central @entity56 ), which results in increased responsiveness to peripheral stimuli. In @entity1 , the responsiveness of the central nervous system to peripheral stimulation may be explored by applying sensory tests to healthy tissues. The hypotheses of this study were: (1) chronic @entity158 is associated with central @entity56 ; (2) central @entity56 is maintained by nociception arising from the @entity158 or tender muscles in the neck. DESIGN: Comparison of @entity1 with healthy controls. SETTING: @entity158 clinic and laboratory for @entity158 research, university hospital. @entity1 : Fourteen @entity1 with chronic @entity4048 after @entity7125 (car accident) and 14 healthy volunteers. OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity158 thresholds to: single electrical stimulus (intramuscular), repeated electrical stimulation (intramuscular and transcutaneous), and heat (transcutaneous). Each threshold was measured at neck and lower limb, before and after local anesthesia of the @entity158 and tender muscles of the neck. RESULTS: The @entity7125 group had significantly lower @entity158 thresholds for all tests. except heat, at both neck and lower limb. Local anesthesia of the @entity158 and tender points affected neither @entity4048 nor @entity158 thresholds. CONCLUSIONS: The authors found a @entity56 to peripheral stimulation in @entity7125 @entity1 . @entity56 was observed after cutaneous and muscular stimulation, at both neck and lower limb. Because @entity56 was observed in healthy tissues, it resulted from alterations in the central processing of sensory stimuli (central @entity56 ). Central @entity56 was not dependent on a nociceptive input arising from the @entity158 and tender muscles.

title: Central @entity56 in @entity1118 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity7125 :: ('MESH:D014911', 'Disease') :: ['whiplash', 'whiplash injury']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['intensity of neck pain', 'neck pain']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Hypersensitivity', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['whiplash pain', 'Pain', 'pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity7125 :: (MESH:D014911,Disease) :: ['whiplash injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Evidence about the relationship between @entity4310 ( @entity4310 ) of @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and @entity209 ( @entity209 ) in Latin American populations is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of @entity4310 of @entity66 and of @entity2299 and @entity28 with @entity209 in healthy @entity1 . METHODS: One-hundred-twenty one individuals were recruited. Waist circumference and blood pressure were measured by a trained researcher using standard techniques. Glycemia and lipid profile were determined by colorimetric assays. A survey to record personal data and family antecedents in siblings, aunts/uncles, parents, and grandparents was conducted by trained interviewers. RESULTS: Individuals having three or more familial antecedents were associated with high @entity1674 level even after adjusting by age, sedentarism, fat and @entity3363 intake, and @entity167 consumption. After adjusting for the same variables, @entity4310 of @entity2299 and @entity101 was also associated with high @entity1674 levels and elevated waist circumference, respectively. The @entity4310 of @entity64 was associated with @entity101 after adjusting for the rest of familial antecedents, and with @entity209 in all adjustment models. DISCUSSION: the findings of association of this study together with the previous reports are evidence of the importance of hereditary component as independent predictor of cardiovascular risk factors and its clustering, as well as of possible specific association patterns between @entity4310 of @entity66 and @entity209 depending on evaluated population in terms of ethnic groups and geographic region. Further studies are required in other populations, as well as exploration of genetic markers of @entity66 regarding to @entity209 . Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2013.    2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Association of Self-Reported Familial History of XXXX with @entity209 in Apparently Healthy Urban Colombian @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiometabolic disease', 'CMD']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['FH', 'familial history']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Cardiometabolic Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Two thirds of @entity1 with advanced @entity978 are cured with current approaches to treatment. Prediction of the outcome is important to avoid overtreating some @entity1 and to identify others in whom standard treatment is likely to fail. METHODS: Data were collected from 25 centers and study groups on a total of 5141 @entity1 treated with combination chemotherapy for advanced @entity978 , with or without radiotherapy. The data included the outcome and 19 demographic and clinical characteristics at diagnosis. The end point was freedom from progression of disease. Complete data were available for 1618 @entity1 ; the final Cox model was fitted to these data. Data from an additional 2643 @entity1 were used for partial validation. RESULTS: The prognostic score was defined as the number of adverse prognostic factors present at diagnosis. Seven factors had similar independent prognostic effects: a serum @entity2313 level of less than 4 g per deciliter, a hemoglobin level of less than 10.5 g per deciliter, male sex, an age of 45 years or older, stage IV disease (according to the Ann Arbor classification), @entity491 (a white-cell count of at least 15,000 per cubic millimeter), and @entity2905 (a lymphocyte count of less than 600 per cubic millimeter, a count that was less than 8 percent of the white-cell count, or both). The score predicted the rate of freedom from progression of disease as follows: 0, or no factors (7 percent of the @entity1 ), 84 percent; 1 (22 percent of the @entity1 ), 77 percent; 2 (29 percent of the @entity1 ), 67 percent; 3 (23 percent of the @entity1 ), 60 percent; 4 (12 percent of the @entity1 ), 51 percent; and 5 or higher (7 percent of the @entity1 ), 42 percent. CONCLUSIONS: The prognostic score we developed may be useful in designing clinical trials for the treatment of advanced @entity978 and in making individual therapeutic decisions, but a distinct group of @entity1 at very high risk could not be identified on the basis of routinely documented demographic and clinical characteristics.

title: A prognostic score for advanced XXXX . International Prognostic Factors Project on Advanced @entity978 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']