abstract: Statins decrease the hepatic biosynthesis of @entity165 , and reduce the incidence of @entity583 in @entity1 who have already experienced a @entity583 . Statins also reduce the risk of @entity731 in @entity6 @entity1 , but it is unknown whether they influence the @entity413 tolerance. It has further been suggested that they may influence bone metabolism. @entity620 is an antioxidant and it decreases serum @entity165 moderately. Antioxidants may also have other metabolic effects, but these are insufficiently studied. The aim of the present study was to investigate the metabolic effects of the @entity165 -lowering agent @entity5470 and the antioxidant @entity620 . Sixty-eight elderly, postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity170 and mild @entity1007 were randomly assigned to 12 weeks open treatment with either @entity5470 (40 mg daily) + 500 mg @entity620 (n = 45) or @entity620 only (n = 23). We measured biochemical markers of bone formation (serum osteocalcin and total alkaline phosphatase) and bone resorption (serum and urinary @entity3525 ), parameters related to @entity6 and serum lipids and lipoproteins. @entity5470 in combination with @entity620 had no effect on bone formation markers. We found a weak decrease in parameters of bone resorption, which was significant from baseline, but not different between the two groups. There were no significant effects on any of the other markers of either @entity5470 or @entity620 . The lipid-lowering effect of @entity5470 was confirmed with a decrease of 20% and 30% in serum total @entity165 and LDL- @entity165 , respectively. We conclude that @entity5470 given in clinically relevant doses has no influence on parameters of bone remodeling. Other statins remain to be investigated.

title: The effect of XXXX on parameters of bone remodeling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin C', 'vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity5470 :: ('MESH:C065180', 'Chemical') :: ['fluvastatin', 'Fluvastatin']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5470 :: (MESH:C065180,Chemical) :: ['fluvastatin']


abstract: There are sex differences in the occurrence of @entity124 ( @entity124 ) in @entity694 . Taken together with the epidemiological evidence that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and, less consistently, parity, are inversely associated with @entity694 , it has been hypothesized that @entity172 are associated with @entity124 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate sex-specific differences in the prevalence of @entity124 in @entity694 and to determine whether reproductive history and hormonal exposures are associated with @entity124 . Using data from a population-based case-control study of 1836 cases with @entity124 data and 2410 population-based controls, we evaluated sex, reproductive factors, and hormone exposure in relation to the presence or absence of @entity124 in @entity5 . @entity124 was evaluated by a panel of 10 tetranucleotide repeats, the noncoding mononucleotide repeat BAT-26, and the coding mononucleotide repeat in @entity851 ( @entity851 ). Exposure data on reproduction, hormone use, @entity28 , and physical activity were obtained from an interviewer-administered questionnaire. @entity1 were less likely then @entity1 to have @entity5 at a young age and more likely to have unstable @entity5 at an older age; we observed a significant interaction (P < 0.01) between age, sex, and @entity124 . Evaluation of reproductive factors showed that @entity1 who had ever been pregnant had half the risk of @entity5 compared with @entity1 who had never been pregnant. In @entity348 were associated with an increased risk of @entity5 [odds ratio (OR), 2.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-4.0 comparing @entity124 + versus @entity5 ]. Age at first and last pregnancy did not influence the association. The observed associations were strongest among @entity1 <60 years of age at the time of diagnosis. Having used oral contraceptives was associated with a lower risk of @entity5 (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.4-1.2); recent users of HRT were at a reduced risk of @entity5 (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.5-1.4); and @entity1 who were former HRT users were at an increased risk of @entity5 (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-3.0). @entity28 and lack of physical activity were associated with an elevated risk of both @entity124 + (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 0.7-3.3) and @entity124 - (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.7-3.) @entity5 in @entity1 , but only with @entity124 - (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2.2) @entity5 in @entity1 . The excess of @entity5 in @entity1 is explained by the excess of @entity5 at older ages. Our data suggest that @entity172 exposure in @entity1 protects against @entity124 , whereas the lack of @entity172 in older @entity1 increases risk of instability. HRT in these older @entity1 may, again, reduce the risk of unstable @entity5 . A model for the way in which @entity172 (endogenous, exogenous, and @entity28 -associated) modify the risk of @entity5 is proposed.

title: XXXX reduce and withdrawal of @entity172 increase risk of @entity694 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['TGFbetaRII', 'transforming growth factor beta receptor type II']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['MSI- tumors', 'MSI+ tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['complementary fashion, total ovulatory months']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumors', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['Estrogens']


abstract: @entity2718 produces a potent enterotoxin and a cytotoxin, toxin A and toxin B, respectively. These toxins are associated with @entity8307 and antibiotic-associated @entity294 . In the present study, we investigated the oedematogenic activity of both toxins, characterizing the time-course and dose-response of this pro-inflammatory event. We also explored the effects of two inhibitors of @entity5 @entity39 factor (TNF) production, @entity2816 and @entity1502 , in neutrophil recruitment and the oedematogenic activity of these toxins. Subplantar injection of toxin A induced paw @entity4 with a maximal response at 1 microg, reaching a maximal value 9 hr after toxin A challenge (toxin A 1 microg:1.39+/-0.09 ml). Toxin B also showed a dose-dependent oedematogenic activity with a late peak at 24 hr and a maximal response at a dose of 0.1 microg (toxin B 0.1 microg:1.74+/-0.12 ml). @entity1502 , but not @entity2816 , significantly reduced the @entity4 induced by Toxin A ( @entity1502 135 mg/kg:60% of inhibition) and Toxin B ( @entity1502 135 mg/kg:33.6% of inhibition). Both @entity2816 and @entity1502 were able to significantly reduce neutrophil influx into the peritoneal cavities of @entity35 evoked with Toxin A ( @entity2816 45 mg/kg: 53.1% of inhibition; @entity1502 45 mg/kg:47.1% of inhibition) and Toxin B ( @entity2816 45 mg/kg:46.8% of inhibition; @entity1502 45 mg/kg:63.1% of inhibition). This study demonstrates the oedematogenic activities of both toxins with distinct potencies and time-courses. These data also show an inhibitory effect of @entity1502 in toxin A and B-induced paw @entity4 . Furthermore, both @entity1502 and @entity2816 significantly inhibited the @entity2718 toxins-induced @entity9979 .

title: The effect of @entity5 @entity39 factor (TNF) inhibitors in @entity2718 toxin-induced paw @entity4 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9979 :: ('MESH:C563515', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophil migration']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity8307 :: ('MESH:D004761', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomembranous colitis']

entities_list: @entity1502 :: ('MESH:D010431', 'Chemical') :: ['Pentoxifylline', 'pentoxifylline']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity9979 :: (MESH:C563515,Disease) :: ['neutrophil migration']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The reported incidence of @entity5 identified at the time of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) in germline @entity6069 mutation carriers ranges from 4 to 12% but long-term outcomes have not been described. We evaluated recurrence and survival outcomes of mutation carriers with @entity1313 identified at RRSO. METHODS: We identified @entity5345 /2 mutation carriers with @entity5 at RRSO at three institutions. Data was collected on clinical variables, adjuvant treatment and follow-up. RESULTS: We identified 32 mutation carriers with invasive @entity189 (n=15) or high-grade intraepithelial @entity5 (n=17) that were not suspected prior to surgery. 26 occurred in @entity5345 in @entity2674 mutation carriers. Median and mean age for @entity189 were 50 years and 49.3 respectively, significantly younger than for intraepithelial @entity5 , median 53 years, and mean 55 years (p=0.04). For the 15 invasive @entity189 , median follow up was 88 months (range 45-172 months), 7 recurred (47%), median time to recurrence was 32.5 months and 3 have died of disease; 1 additional @entity1 died of @entity0 . Overall survival was 73%, disease specific overall survival was 80% and disease free survival was 66%. For the 17 high-grade @entity2735 , median follow up was 80 months (range 40-150), 4 were treated with chemotherapy. One recurred at 43 months and is currently not on therapy with a normal CA125, 16 months later. All @entity1 with noninvasive @entity5 are alive. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5345 and @entity2674 mutation carriers with unsuspected @entity189 at RRSO have a relatively high rate of recurrence despite predominantly early stage, small @entity66 . High-grade @entity2735 rarely recur as @entity189 and may not require adjuvant chemotherapy.

title: Long term follow up of XXXX and @entity2674 mutation carriers with unsuspected @entity5 identified at risk reducing salpingo-oophorectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['volume disease']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'invasive carcinoma']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA1']


abstract: This study analysed a naturally occurring specific cellular immunity against @entity5 cells in @entity6444 ( @entity6444 ) @entity1 . Five out of eight @entity1 had blood T lymphocytes able to recognize spontaneously and specifically the autologous @entity5 B cells (proliferation assay). In these five @entity1 , detection of cytokines by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) was the most abundant cytokine gene expressed by the T cells that recognized the autologous @entity5 B cells. Other activated cytokine genes were gamma-interferon (IFN), interleukin (IL)-2 and @entity5 @entity39 factor ( @entity310 , but not @entity3646 . This profile suggests a type 1 anti-B- @entity6444 T-cell response. @entity7938 and @entity2071 were relatively downregulated on the native @entity5 B cells compared with control normal B cells. Upregulation of @entity7938 on the leukaemic cells was mandatory for the induction of such a specific T-cell response. @entity7938 and @entity2071 monoclonal antibodies inhibited the specific T-cell DNA synthesis proliferation. The proliferative T-cell response was either MHC class I or class II restricted (inhibition by monoclonal antibodies). The specific cytokine gene expression could be found in isolated @entity404 , as well as @entity405 , T-cell subsets. This study demonstrated the presence of a potential natural specific @entity404 , as well as a @entity405 type 1 T-cell immunity against the @entity5 B cells in @entity6444 . A further detailed analysis of the spontaneous anti- @entity6444 T-cell immunity is warranted that may facilitate the development of effective anti- @entity5 vaccines in @entity6444 .

title: Autologous T lymphocytes may specifically recognize leukaemic B cells in XXXX with @entity6444 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemic CLL tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukaemia', 'CLL']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In a case-control surveillance program, first trimester medication use was studied in relation to @entity6675 . There were 76 cases of @entity6675 which were compared with 2,142 controls with other major @entity600 . For @entity8402 use, we found a significantly elevated relative risk of 3.2 (95% confidence interval, 1.3-7.7), with adjustment for confounding. Multivariate relative risks for analgesic/antipyretics and another decongestant were as follows: @entity8834 , 1.6 (0.9-2.7); @entity1443 , 1.7 (1.0-2.9); @entity5018 , 1.3 (0.4-3.7); and @entity8403 , 1.5 (0.4-5.4). No increases in risk were identified for use of antihistamines, antibiotics, oral contraceptives, or spermicides. Because @entity8834 , @entity8402 , and @entity8403 are vasoactive, the elevated risks for these drugs support the hypothesis of @entity455 in the etiology of @entity6675 . We therefore examined maternal use of vasoactive medications in relation to a second case group of 416 @entity1 with hetereogeneous defects suspected to have a vascular etiology. Relative risks for @entity8834 , @entity5018 , @entity8402 , @entity8403 , and other decongestants approximated unity. These positive associations must be considered tentative. They have not been reported previously and should be confirmed independently. Also, @entity1443 , which may be taken for the same indications as @entity8834 and decongestants, but is not thought to be vasoactive, was associated with @entity6675 , suggesting that identified associations may be due to an underlying maternal illness.

title: First trimester maternal medication use in relation to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8834 :: ('MESH:D012459', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylates']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disruption']

entities_list: @entity8403 :: ('MESH:D010665', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylpropanolamine']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity8402 :: ('MESH:D054199', 'Chemical') :: ['pseudoephedrine']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity6675 :: ('MESH:D020139', 'Disease') :: ['gastroschisis']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity6675 :: (MESH:D020139,Disease) :: ['gastroschisis']


abstract: We investigated the efficacy and safety of the combined use of IV @entity6541 and IA urokinase and/or mechanical thrombolysis for treating @entity64 @entity1 . Thirteen, consecutive @entity1 who were treated with IV @entity6541 and IA thrombolysis with mechanical and/or local IA urokinase infusion, were evaluated retrospectively. The amount of time before the beginning of treatment, urokinase dose, recanalization rates, and symptomatic @entity548 were analyzed. Clinical outcome measures were assessed on admission, at discharge (National Institute of Health @entity64 scale[NIHASS]), and three months after the end of their treatment (modified Rankin Scale scores[mRS]). There were 11 @entity1 with internal carotid or @entity2500 treated within six hours of the onset of symptoms and two @entity1 with basilar @entity432 treated within 12 hours of their symptom onset. The median NIHSS score on admission was 18. The median amount of time from symptom onset to IV @entity6541 infusion was 135 minutes, and the median time from symptom onset to IA therapy was 180 minutes. The median dose of urokinase was 200,000 U. Recanalization (thrombolysis in @entity583 grade 2 or 3) was achieved in 11 @entity1 . No procedure-related complications were observed. There was one symptomatic @entity548 . At discharge, the mean NIHSS score was 6.6 (range, 0- 15). Overall, at the time of the three-month follow-up the functional outcome was favorable (modified Rankin Scale score 0 -2) in eight of 13 (62%) @entity1 . @entity204 at 90 days occurred in two of the 13 (15%) @entity1 . Combined IV @entity6541 and IA thrombolysis with mechanical clot disruption seems to be a feasible treatment in @entity64 and may be successful in reestablishing vessel patency and result in a good functional outcome in @entity1 with major cerebral arteries occlusions.

title: Intravenous Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor ( @entity6541 ) Followed by Low-dose Intra-arterial Urokinase and Mechanical Thrombolysis for the Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity6541 :: ('CHEBI:9605', 'Chemical') :: ['tirofiban']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: Data on 409 @entity1 who had a curative resection for @entity5 at the National Taiwan University Hospital between 1977 and 1989 were analysed to determine the independent effect on recurrence. In our series, the total operative mortality rate was 1.7% and the resectability rate was 88.1%. For these cases who received curative resection, the overall 5-year survival rate was 62.6%. The 5-year survival rate varied according to the Dukes' stage: stage A, 96.4%; stage B, 73.3% and stage C, 39.6%. The total recurrence rate after curative resection was 35.9%, including local recurrence 18.3%, systemic recurrence 12.0%, and combined recurrence 5.6%. According to Dukes' staging system, the recurrence rate for stage A, B and C were 0%, 22.4% and 63.8%, respectively. We used Cox's regression model to analyse the @entity1 characteristics and pathological variables on recurrence and to assess the independent influence of each when all other factors were held constant. The pathological stage of the @entity5 had the strongest association. Other variables found to have an independent yet significant importance, were @entity787 level and @entity5 size. The identification of the @entity1 group, at a high risk of recurrence, might promote a more judicious selection for surgical procedure and trials of adjuvant therapy.

title: [Factors in recurrence after curative resection of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present the case of a rare @entity5 in the sphenoidoclival area and discuss potential pitfalls in diagnosis and management. DESIGN: Case report with literature review. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. CASE SUMMARY: Our @entity1 presented with @entity10 , vertigo, vision problems, and feeling of pressure in the central segment of the face. MR and CT showed a lesion in the body of the sphenoid, with signs of @entity79 and irregular borders. Differential diagnosis included @entity1653 , @entity3580 , and inflammatory process. RESULTS: Endoscopic/microscopic transnasal approach was performed to reach clival bone and to biopsy the @entity5 . Histopathological examination showed @entity362 . CONCLUSION: @entity362 is a rare @entity5 , or more accurately a @entity4607 , and is usually found in the calcaneus or in the proximal femur. It is even rarer in the skull base. Usually it does not present any symptoms and is an incidental finding during imaging for other symptoms. As a rule it runs an indolent course and does not require any treatment. Since no definitive diagnosis can be made only on the basis of imaging (CT and MRI), it requires an open biopsy that if possible should be made in accordance with the principles of minimally invasive surgery.

title: XXXX : case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['Intraosseous lipoma', 'intraosseous lipoma']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['intraosseous meningioma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['hamartoma']

answer: @entity362 :: (MESH:D008067,Disease) :: ['Sphenoclival intraosseus lipoma']


abstract: Most studies examining episodic memory in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) have focused on @entity1 ' impaired ability to remember information, leading to poor discrimination between studied and unstudied items at test. Poor discrimination, however, can also be attributable to an abnormally high rate of false alarms. One cause of a high false alarm rate is an abnormally liberal response bias; that is, responding "old" too liberally to the test items. In the present study, discrimination and response bias were evaluated when @entity1 were given a series of progressively longer study-test lists of unrelated words. As expected, @entity1 with @entity195 showed overall worse discrimination and a more liberal response bias compared with older adult controls. Critically, @entity1 with @entity195 also showed a more liberal response bias than older adults when discrimination was matched between the groups after performance was equated by giving the older adult controls a more difficult test than the @entity1 with @entity195 . This result confirms that the @entity1 ' abnormally liberal response bias is not simply attributable to their poor discrimination. Correlation analyses suggest that the @entity1 ' liberal response bias is related to the degree of their episodic @entity2414 , which may in turn be related to the severity of their disease. Thus, our research suggests that as @entity195 progresses two distinct @entity2414 develop: worse discrimination and a more liberal response bias. Possible explanations of this liberal response bias in @entity1 with @entity195 are discussed.

title: Episodic memory in XXXX : separating response bias from discrimination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of episodic memory', 'memory deficit']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: 1. Responses of isolated @entity35 lacrimal cells to local applications of @entity855 were studied using tight-seal whole-cell recording and/or @entity593 -derived @entity460 concentration measurements. 2. In cells where variations in @entity141 concentration were prevented by use of a strong @entity141 buffer, @entity855 was found to induce an inward current response at negative holding potentials. With 10 microM- @entity855 , the current amplitude ranged between 20 and 200 pA. The reversal potential of this @entity855 -induced current was close to 0 mV with normal external solution and shifted to -19 +/- 3 mV (mean +/- S.D.) when the concentration of external monovalent cations was halved. These results indicate that the channels have a cationic selectivity. The response amplitude decreased markedly from trial to trial, indicating a desensitization process which was irreversible on the time scale of the recordings. 3. Steady state I-V curves for the @entity855 -induced current in normal saline showed a marked inward rectification. This rectification appeared to be linked to a time-dependent activation of the channels, as hyperpolarizing voltage jumps elicited a time-dependent current increase. This relaxation could be fitted by a double-exponential function, with time constants (at -120 mV) of 0.9 +/- 0.3 ms and 110 +/- 6.4 ms. 4. Variance analysis of the @entity855 -induced current gave a single-channel current value of 0.34 pA at -60 mV. The single-channel current amplitude varied linearly with potential, with a slope close to 6 pS. The relation between noise covariance and time could be fitted by a double-exponential function, with time constants (at -60 mV) of 0.8 +/- 0.4 ms and 6.8 +/- 3.4 ms (mean +/- S.D.). 5. In an isotonic @entity141 solution, 10 microM- @entity855 induced an inward current at -60 mV with a calculated single-channel current amplitude obtained from noise analysis close to 0.2 pA. In an external solution containing 10 mM- @entity460 and no @entity1372 , 50 microM- @entity855 elicited a current with a reversal potential of -19 mV. 6. @entity593 measurements were performed in intact cells or in cells dialysed with a low concentration of @entity141 buffer (e.g. 0.5 mM- @entity4527 ). Under such conditions @entity855 induced increases of the internal @entity141 concentration with very variable amplitudes. In some cells @entity141 rises of 50 nM or lower were found. Minimal activation of @entity141 -dependent channels was then observed. In other cells large @entity141 rises (up to 500 nM) were observed and were then correlated with marked activation of @entity141 -dependent channels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Cationic channels sensitive to extracellular @entity855 in XXXX lacrimal cells.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A 59-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital because of right @entity662 . CT scan showed a mass on the right abdominal wall and bilateral @entity1143 . The histological diagnosis following core needle biopsy was @entity3491 . The right @entity1143 gradually increased despite negative cytology. Although we planned chemotherapy for the clinically diagnosed @entity3 , @entity882 as a @entity8231 appeared. The minimum thrombocyte count was 4,000/mm3. While transfusion was not effective, per os @entity619 at 2.0 mg/day kept the thrombocyte count at around 6 10 4/mm3. Anti-thrombocyte antibody was negative. Tumor resection surgery with partial diaphragm resection and 11th and 12th rib resection, and abdominal wall plasty with mesh was performed. The final histological diagnosis was @entity1821 . The thrombocyte count returned to the normal range just after the operation. However, she died of @entity6831 , and local recurrence 69 days after the operation.

title: [A case of XXXX of the abdominal wall complicated by thrombocytpenia as a @entity8231 ].

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['undifferentiated sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity6831 :: ('MESH:D004673', 'Disease') :: ['pleural dissemination, peritoneal dissemination']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['pleural invasion']

entities_list: @entity8231 :: ('MESH:D010257', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['dedifferentiated liposarcoma']

answer: @entity1821 :: (MESH:D008080,Disease) :: ['liposarcoma']


abstract: In @entity742 , prenatal exposure to @entity3800 during a critical period for @entity4998 (30-90 days of gestation; 145 days is term) can advance the timing of puberty in females and prevent the preovulatory LH surge. The present study tests the hypothesis that in @entity742 , the timing of neuroendocrine sexual maturation is related to the amount of prenatal @entity134 exposure. In addition, we determined if different @entity134 requirements exist for sexual differentiation of the tonic and surge modes of gonadotropin secretion. @entity251 was administered weekly to three groups of pregnant ewes from days 30-90 of gestation at doses of 200, 80, or 32 mg/week. The resulting androgenized female @entity742 together with control males and females (n = 5-7/group) were gonadectomized at 3 weeks of age, and gonadal @entity230 were replaced with a SILASTIC brand @entity53 -filled capsule. LH concentrations were measured from biweekly blood samples. Sustained increases in circulating LH were considered to reflect the @entity1175 . In male @entity742 , LH secretion started to increase at 8.3 +/- 0.9 weeks of age (mean +/- SEM). The two highest doses of prenatal @entity342 advanced the onset of neuroendocrine sexual maturation in females. In the 200 mg androgenized females, the pubertal LH rise (10.2 +/- 2.0 weeks) began about the same time as in males. In the 80 mg treatment group, LH concentrations increased at 16.2 +/- 1.5 weeks, which was later than in males, but well before that in normal females (27.1 +/- 0.7 weeks). For females treated with the lowest dose of @entity342 (32 mg), the pubertal LH increase (24.6 +/- 1.9 weeks) began about the same time as in normal females. To test the function of the LH surge system, LH was measured every 2 h for 60 h after an acute increase in circulating @entity53 was produced by implanting additional @entity172 capsules. All control females produced a surge in response to acute @entity53 stimulation. LH surges did not occur in males, 200 mg androgenized females, or 80 mg androgenized females. Of six females from the 32 mg treatment group, two produced LH surges in response to the stimulatory feedback action of @entity53 . We conclude that the greater the amount of prenatal @entity251 , the earlier the initiation of the pubertal LH rise. Moreover, the finding that low doses of @entity251 (32 mg/week) are capable of abolishing the LH surge without significantly advancing the timing of puberty supports our hypothesis that different @entity134 requirements exist for @entity4998 and surge modes of LH secretion.

title: Prenatal XXXX time neuroendocrine puberty in the @entity742 : effect of @entity251 dose.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['sexual differentiation of the brain', 'sexual differentiation of tonic']

entities_list: @entity1175 :: ('MESH:D011628', 'Disease') :: ['initiation of neuroendocrine puberty']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity3800 :: (MESH:D000728,Chemical) :: ['androgens']


abstract: To determine whether preliminary assessment of ovarian reserve by simultaneous evaluation of basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and @entity53 response to gonadotrophin releasing hormone ( @entity1176 ) analogue (F-G-test) can be used to tailor individually the drug regimen for ovarian stimulation, the @entity52 ( @entity52 ) results of 238 @entity1 were retrospectively analysed. Sixty-two @entity1 with abnormal response to the test (DeltaE2 <180 pmol/l and/or FSH >9.5 mIU/ml) had commenced buserelin nasal spray in the mid-luteal phase and discontinued it on cycle day 1. Ovarian stimulation was started on cycle day 3 with 375 IU/day of gonadotrophin. Fifty-three @entity1 completed the treatment cycle (group A). A total of 176 @entity1 with normal response to the test (DeltaE2 >180 pmol/l and FSH <9.5 mIU/ml) had continued the @entity1176 analogue throughout the stimulation cycle and a starting dose of 225 IU/day of gonadotrophin was used from cycle day 3. A total of 158 @entity1 completed the treatment cycle (group B). Group A had significantly higher age (34.9 +/- 4.2 versus 33.2 +/- 4.2) (P < 0.05) and basal FSH (9.2 +/- 3.8 versus 7.0 +/- 2.2) (P < 0.05) and required a higher total dose of gonadotrophin. The numbers of oocytes retrieved and embryos transferred were significantly lower. However, fertilization, clinical pregnancies, and implantation rates were similar in both groups. It was concluded that simultaneous evaluation of basal FSH and @entity53 response to @entity1176 analogue can be useful in identifying subcategories of @entity1 with reduced ovarian reserve who may benefit from reduced @entity1176 analogue administration and a higher starting dose of gonadotrophin.

title: Simultaneous evaluation of basal FSH and XXXX response to @entity1176 analogue (F-G-test) allows effective drug regimen selection for @entity52 .

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['in-vitro fertilization', 'IVF']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['oestradiol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because renal function affects the elimination of muscle relaxants, each new muscle relaxant must be evaluated in @entity1 with @entity177 . Accordingly, the neuromuscular effects and pharmacokinetics of @entity18373 were identified in @entity1 with @entity177 . METHODS: @entity18373 (1.5 mg/kg) was administered to 10 healthy volunteers and 10 @entity1 with @entity177 who were undergoing non-transplant surgery, were 18-45 yr old, and were anesthetized with @entity1875 . The adductor pollicis muscle twitch tension was monitored. Plasma samples were obtained frequently for a period of 8 h to measure the concentrations of @entity18373 and its metabolite, @entity56997 . Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using mixed-effects modeling. RESULTS: One @entity1 was excluded from analysis because he was taking @entity3174 chronically. Twitch @entity308 at 1 min was less in @entity1 than in healthy volunteers (median values: 92% in @entity1 , 99% in volunteers). The times to 90% and peak twitch @entity308 ; to 10%, 25%, and 75% twitch recovery; and to 70% and 80% train-of-four ratios were similar in volunteers and @entity1 . @entity18373 's clearance was 32% less in @entity1 with @entity177 ; in both groups, clearance decreased 0.909% per year of age compared with the value in a 30 yr old. The steady state distribution volume was 14% less in @entity1 than in @entity1 and 16% less in @entity1 than in volunteers. For @entity56997 , clearance was 85% less in @entity1 than in volunteers. CONCLUSIONS: The neuromuscular effects of a single dose of @entity18373 are affected minimally by @entity177 . However, the decreased clearance of @entity18373 and its potent metabolite in @entity177 suggests that repeated dosing of @entity18373 may lead to prolonged effects in @entity1 with @entity177 .

title: Influence of XXXX on the pharmacokinetics and neuromuscular effects of a single dose of @entity18373 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity18373 :: ('MESH:C082938', 'Chemical') :: ['Rapacuronium', 'rapacuronium', 'ORG9487']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['renal failure']


abstract: 16 @entity1 with @entity8407 were treated with oral @entity10211 . The initial dose, given for 3 months, was 0.2 mg/kg/day, increasing by a further 0.2 mg/kg/day in successive 3 month cycles. The maximum dosage reached at 1.0 mg/kg/day, was given to only 2 @entity1 (who received a total of 15 months treatment). However, 10 @entity1 completed the cycle at 0.8 mg/kg/day (12 months treatment in total), but treatment could not continue due to @entity137 (grade I and II), which was cutaneous, mucosal, and haematological ( @entity2298 and @entity1007 ). There was grade III @entity137 in the skin and mucosa in only 1 case, a @entity1 treated at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg/day. The @entity137 was reversible in all cases. 14 of the @entity1 completed the trial. In 4 there were improvements graded as partial responses (PR) obtained at 0.2 mg/kg/day (3PR) and 0.6 (1PR) and there was one complete response (CR) obtained at 0.4 mg/kg/day. Overall there was thus an objective response rate of 36% who showed 50% or more reduction in lesion size. After the @entity1968 treatment was stopped, @entity1 were followed-up for 12 months; 2 @entity1 showed regression of the responses obtained after 6 and 9 months. This study shows that oral treatment with @entity10211 at low dosages is efficacious and with minimal @entity137 . It also shows that it is not feasible to treat these @entity1 at doses above 0.8 mg/kg/day for long periods--mainly due to poor compliance.

title: Progressive @entity10211 dosage in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity8407 :: ('MESH:D007972', 'Disease') :: ['oral leukoplakia']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['13-cis-retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity8407 :: (MESH:D007972,Disease) :: ['oral leukoplakia']


abstract: Several theories regarding the pathogenesis of @entity545 have been investigated under many clinical conditions. We have investigated the association of @entity545 with the most common markers of @entity1413 . Several serum markers of @entity1413 (mucoproteins, @entity1851 , antinuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor, @entity1252 cells, proteinograms) of 30 @entity1 with @entity545 were compared with those obtained from 30 @entity1 , matched for age, with other urological conditions unrelated to the penis. Mucoproteins were altered in 66.7% of @entity1 of the @entity545 group and in 46.7% of the control @entity1 (P>0.05). @entity1851 was altered in 23.3% of the @entity545 @entity1 and in 13.3% of the control @entity1 (P>0.05). Antinuclear antibody (ANA) was reactive in 16.7% of the tested group and in 6.7% of the control group (P>0.05). The rheumatoid factor was elevated in 6.7% of the @entity1 from both groups (P>0.05). LE cells were normal in all the @entity1 in our study. No statistical significance between the two groups was found in the protein electrophoresis test. Only the Waaler-Rose test (rheumatoid hemagglutination test) was statistically significant in our study (P<0.05). We have not found any significant association between the serum markers of @entity1413 in @entity1 with @entity545 , except the rheumatoid hemagglutination test (Waaler-Rose).

title: Is there any association between XXXX and serum collagen markers?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ["Peyronie's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['collagen disease', 'collagen diseases']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity545 :: (MESH:D010411,Disease) :: ['Peyronie's disease']


abstract: Distinguishing @entity3822 from @entity296 is a difficult clinical challenge. We review published reports in which hemodynamic criteria were used to differentiate these two diagnoses. There were 82 cases of constriction and 37 cases of restriction. The overall predictive accuracy of the difference between right and @entity1002 (RVEDP and LVEDP), RV systolic pressure, and the ratio of RVEDP to RV systolic pressure were 85%, 70%, and 76%, respectively. If all three criteria were concordant, the probability of having correctly classified the @entity1 was greater than 90%. However, one fourth of @entity1 could not be classified by hemodynamic criteria. There are few data to support the use of hemodynamic measurements after exercise or volume infusion to separate these two groups. Numerous recent studies have reported on the ability of left ventriculography, Doppler echocardiography, or radionuclide angiography to distinguish constriction from restriction. Many of the proposed indices appear promising, but these studies suffer from small sample size, potential selection bias, and complexity of the proposed criteria, which have limited their widespread application. New imaging technologies, such as CT scanning or MRI have been applied in a limited number of cases, but appear to be a sensitive means of detecting abnormal pericardium. Endomyocardial biopsy has proven useful in establishing the diagnosis of infiltrative @entity296 , eliminating in those cases the need for surgical intervention. The finding of @entity2401 must be considered a nonspecific finding that does not preclude thoracotomy. Since @entity3822 is a surgically curable condition, the distinction between constrictive and restrictive disease is of critical importance. Taking into account the relative contribution of data derived from hemodynamic, imaging,and biopsy studies, we propose an algorithm for the selection of appropriate candidates for pericardial biopsy and stripping.

title: @entity3822 versus XXXX : a reappraisal and update of diagnostic criteria.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathies', 'restrictive cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity3822 :: ('MESH:D010494', 'Disease') :: ['constrictive pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular end-diastolic pressures']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['restrictive cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Two hundred and thirteen @entity794 and 51 other staphylococcal strains were isolated from 121 foodstuffs of current consumption and two cutaneous samples. Their ability to produce staphylococcal enterotoxins was tested and @entity794 strains were biotyped. The @entity794 strains (30.5%) produced at least one of the five known staphylococcal enterotoxins whereas coagulase negative staphylococci did not produce any of them. The raw milk cheeses analysed were primarily contaminated by strains belonging to animal or unspecified biovars. Only 15.9% of the @entity794 strains isolated from these products produced enterotoxins whereas 43% were found to be enterotoxigenic amongst the @entity794 strains isolated from the other foodstuffs. The scheme of biotyping used seems to be reliable, allowing the classification of 73.7% of the strains. @entity794 strains of @entity1 origin were most often enterotoxigenic and @entity31144 C was the predominant type identified. It was produced by 66% of the enterotoxigenic strains, singly or in combination with other enterotoxins. Approximately 77% of the @entity1 strains also produced @entity31144 C, which is an amazing epidemiological distinctive feature of the strains studied. Moreover ELISA tests used in this work exhibit problems of specificity.

title: XXXX production by staphylococci isolated from foods in France.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'human biovar']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

answer: @entity31144 :: (13913640,Gene) :: ['Enterotoxin']


abstract: In the @entity375 @entity375 , microtubules are organized by the spindle pole body (SPB), which is embedded in the nuclear envelope. Microtubule organization requires the gamma-tubulin complex containing the gamma-tubulin @entity40668 , @entity40670 , and @entity40669 . The @entity40668 complex is associated with cytoplasmic and nuclear substructures of the SPB, which organize the cytoplasmic and nuclear microtubules. Here we present evidence that the @entity40668 complex assembles in the cytoplasm and then either binds to the cytoplasmic side of the SPB or is imported into the nucleus followed by binding to the nuclear side of the SPB. Nuclear import of the @entity40668 complex is mediated by the essential nuclear localization sequence of @entity40670 . Our studies also indicate that @entity40670 in the @entity40668 complex is phosphorylated at the nuclear, but not at the cytoplasmic, side of the SPB. This phosphorylation is cell cycle dependent and occurs after SPB duplication and nucleation of microtubules by the new SPB and therefore may have a role in mitotic spindle function. In addition, activation of the mitotic checkpoint stimulates @entity40670 phosphorylation. The kinase @entity47764 , which functions in SPB duplication and mitotic checkpoint control, seems to be involved in @entity40670 phosphorylation. Our results also suggest that the nuclear and cytoplasmic @entity40668 complexes are regulated differently.

title: @entity40670 directs the XXXX gamma-tubulin complex into the nucleus and is subject to cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation on the nuclear side of the spindle pole body.

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: 70 @entity1 presenting to a surgical unit with @entity1161 were followed up. 11 of the 61 who underwent operations died of operation-related causes. The 51 @entity1 who survived for more than 3 months were followed up for up to 12 years (median 12 months). 24 had no further symptoms related to their @entity1161 . The other 27 @entity1 had persistence of symptoms, @entity532 , new radiation-related problems, or a combination of these. The twenty new radiation-related problems were stricture (8 @entity1 ), @entity8884 (5), @entity292 (1), and miscellaneous (6). These developed in 12 of 36 @entity1 presenting initially with stricture, compared with 8 of 9 @entity1 presenting with a perforation or @entity292 (p = 0.007 Fisher's exact test) and none whose first symptom was @entity548 (p = 0.001 vs perforation and @entity292 combined). 10 of the 27 @entity1 with further problems required operations and 5 of them died. @entity1161 is thus a progressive disease, with further complications becoming apparent in about half of those surviving the initial lesion. Perforation or @entity292 formation indicates a poorer prognosis than does stricture or @entity548 .

title: The natural history of clinically established XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8884 :: ('MESH:D008286', 'Disease') :: ['malabsorption']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation enteritis', 'Radiation enteritis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative complications']

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['radiation enteritis']


abstract: The present study investigated the distribution of neurons implicated in the regulation of sleep in three species generally used in sleep research, i.e., @entity19 , @entity35 and @entity468 . We focused on sleep active neurons in the ventral lateral preoptic (VLPO) area and the hypocretin/orexin-containing neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. The latter groups of neurons were found recently to play an important role in the regulation of REM sleep. The expression of the transcription factor, @entity5019 , was used to identify the VLPO. In @entity19 and @entity35 , in response to sleep, a discrete cluster of @entity5019 positive cells was found in the VLPO. In @entity19 , this cluster was located more medially compared to the @entity35 , and as in the @entity35 , @entity528 were found in the VLPO. In the cat, @entity5019 positive cells did not segregate to a specific location but were more diffusely represented in the preoptic area. In all three species, orexin/hypocretin-containing neurons were located only in the lateral hypothalamus with the distribution being more diffuse in the cat. The grouping of sleep-active cells in rodents makes it feasible to extract these cells for tissue culture and molecular analysis. Moreover, given that rodents have a distinct circadian distribution of sleep-wakefulness, the connectivity with the suprachiasmatic nucleus can also be determined.

title: Distribution of hypocretin-containing neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and XXXX -immunoreactive neurons in the VLPO.

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['galanin immunostained neurons']

answer: @entity5019 :: (314322(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['C-fos']


abstract: This study was conducted to document the @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) cycle (interorgan circulation of @entity2197 ) in broilers in vivo. Two experiments were conducted on 36 anesthetized male broilers (n = 6 per treatment) implanted with cannulae in the carotid artery, hepatic portal, and hepatic veins. Plasma @entity2197 , @entity2227 , @entity462 , @entity1434 , and @entity24970 levels in each vessel were monitored following a bolus injection [Experiment (Exp.) 1] or 30 min continuous infusion (Exp. 2) of @entity2197 , or a gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase inhibitor (AT125) into the hepatic portal vein. Controls received saline alone. The @entity2197 and AT125 treatments were used to determine the effect of increasing the prehepatic @entity2197 load and of inhibiting systemic @entity2197 degradation, respectively, on the @entity2197 cycle. Hepatic export of @entity2197 was clearly evident in all three treatment groups in both experiments (Exp.). The @entity2197 and @entity27330 treatments raised @entity535 levels in some or all of the vessels, whereas @entity24970 was elevated by AT125 and depressed by the @entity2197 treatment compared to Controls. Hepatic uptake of @entity2227 , @entity462 , and/or @entity1434 was observed in Controls and @entity2197 -treated birds, but not in birds given AT125 (Exp. 2). Neither hepatic export nor uptake of @entity24970 was observed in any treatment group. The results clearly demonstrate the ability of the avian liver to export @entity2197 into the general circulation despite alterations that might arise from changes in extra-hepatic ability to utilize @entity2197 or its constituent @entity1522 .

title: Hepatic export of @entity2041 and uptake of constituent @entity1522 , XXXX and @entity462 , in broilers in vivo.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity24970 :: ('MESH:C028505', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteinylglycine']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Mitral valve surgery for @entity339 ( @entity339 ) in the elderly has been debated. In the elderly, quality of life is a better indicator of surgical success than survival. We assessed quality of life of elderly @entity1 submitted to surgery for @entity339 using the @entity712 ( @entity712 ) questionnaire. METHODS: Between August 2003 and August 2006, 225 consecutive @entity1 >70 years old underwent surgical treatment of organic @entity339 . Mean age was 77 +/- 3.3 years (range 71-87 years). Mean EF was 50 +/- 11%. @entity179 was the most prevalent (77%) etiology. CABG was associated in 25% of @entity1 . Mean Charlson score was 4.3 +/- 1.5 and 101 @entity1 (45%) were NYHA class III and IV. Hospital survivors were followed up and quality of life by @entity712 score was assessed. RESULTS: Mitral repair and replacement were equally distributed in this population. Hospital mortality was 2.7%. Late survival was 91 +/- 1.9% at 3 years. @entity712 was obtained from 204 @entity1 at mean 2 +/- 1 years of follow-up. @entity712 score was 38 +/- 18; there were 135 (66%) @entity1 with @entity712 >30. @entity712 tended to increase with age at follow-up (p = 0.007). Multivariable predictors of @entity712 were preoperative @entity955 (p = 0.019), @entity6 (p = 0.03), higher @entity1011 level (p = 0.0009), higher EuroSCORE (p = 0.02), residual @entity339 grade at follow-up echocardiography (p < 0.0001) and systolic pulmonary artery pressure at follow-up (p = 0.04). Type of surgical treatment (repair vs replacement and choice of prosthesis) did not predict @entity712 at follow-up, although those who had recurrent @entity339 after repair had the highest scores compared to @entity1 who had repair and durable result and those treated by replacement ( @entity712 was 51 +/- 21, vs 34 +/- 16, vs 39 +/- 18, respectively, p = 0.0013). CONCLUSIONS: Quality of life following mitral valve surgery is suboptimal in more than half of elderly @entity1 . @entity712 score at follow-up is mostly related to preoperative conditions. Type of surgery does not influence @entity712 score, however, quality of life is worse in @entity1 with recurrent/residual @entity339 following repair.

title: Quality of life of elderly XXXX following valve surgery for chronic @entity339 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['MLHF', 'Minnesota Living with Heart Failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['organic mitral regurgitation', 'MR', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['Degenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The effects of @entity6 on the neural retina before the onset of clinically detectable @entity989 can be investigated with electrophysiological methods. Our aim was to detect early @entity989 in 60 @entity1 with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) and with a short duration of disease. We used the steady-state focal (9 degrees field size) electroretinogram (ERG) of the macula in response to luminance modulation of a uniform field (flicker ERG) or to counterphase-modulated sinusoidal gratings (pattern ERG). The harmonic analysis of flicker ERG and pattern ERG yielded three main components: a first and a second harmonic to flicker (1F and 2F, respectively) and a second harmonic to pattern (2P). The 1F is believed to be correlated to photoreceptor activity, whereas 2F and 2P represent different subsets of generators in the inner retina. Results of focal ERG in @entity1723 @entity1 with no or early @entity989 were compared with age-matched control subjects. Mean 2F and 2P amplitudes were significantly reduced in @entity1723 @entity1 compared with the control group (P = 0.0001 by analysis of variance). 2P but not 2F amplitude was significantly more reduced in @entity1 with @entity989 than in those without @entity989 (P less than 0.05). 2F but not 2P phase abnormalities were observed in some @entity1 . 2F and 2P alterations were slightly correlated with metabolic control (r = 0.22, P = 0.02) and disease duration (r = 0.28, P = 0.003). 1F was not significantly altered in @entity1723 @entity1 . Our results suggest that early @entity6 causes selective @entity51 of @entity389 , whereas the photoreceptors appear unaffected.

title: Detection of inner retina dysfunction by steady-state focal electroretinogram pattern and flicker in early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurosensory deficits']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner retina layers']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal dysfunctions', 'retinopathy']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['IDDM']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression of @entity7457 ( @entity7457 ) in @entity259 and in different parts of follicular epithelium and the correlation of expression of @entity7457 with the expression of @entity8958 , @entity14813 ( @entity14813 ) and @entity2355 ( @entity2355 ) genes. METHODS: One hundred thirty-three samples of resected @entity259 were examined by streptavidin/peroxidase (S-P) immunohistochemical technique to detect the expression of @entity7457 and @entity8958 , @entity14813 , and @entity2355 genes. RESULTS: (1) @entity7457 was expressed in the nuclei and cytoplasm of different kinds of @entity5 cells and normal cells around the @entity5 . There was no significant difference between the expression of @entity7457 in nuclei of @entity5 cells and that in nuclei of @entity5 cells (P > 0.05). The positive expression rate of @entity7457 was 27.40% in cytoplasm of @entity5 and was 66.10% in cytoplasm of @entity5 was 66.10% (P < 0.05). (2) The expression rate of @entity8958 gene was 38.9% in @entity259 , 88.4% in @entity1377 , and 87.5% in @entity189 . The difference of expression rate of @entity8958 gene between @entity652 and both of @entity1377 was statistically significant (P < 0.05). (3) The expression rate of @entity2355 was 23.3% in @entity5 and 50.9% in @entity5 . The expression rate of @entity2355 was lower in benign @entity1374 ( @entity8170 and @entity652 ) than in @entity3557 and @entity189 (P < 0.05). (4) The expression rate of @entity14813 gene was 38.4% in @entity5 and 88.1% in @entity5 . (5) The expression rates of @entity14813 and @entity2355 in benign lesions ( @entity8170 and @entity652 ) were lower than those in @entity3557 (P < 0.05). The expression of @entity14813 and that of @entity2355 in @entity259 were fundamentally parallel. However, the sensitivity of @entity14813 was higher than that of @entity2355 . In part of @entity652 @entity4151 and @entity2355 were positive locally simultaneously. The expression of @entity7457 in cytoplasm was associated with that of @entity14813 and @entity2355 . CONCLUSION: The expression of @entity7457 in nucleus is a phenomenon common to both normal and pathological thyroid follicles. Combined tests of @entity8958 , @entity14813 and @entity2355 may act as the diagnostic markers to distinguish @entity5 from malignant ones. Expression of @entity7457 in cytoplasm is probably a characteristic of malignant phenotypes of @entity259 .

title: [Expression of @entity7457 in @entity259 originating from follicular epithelium and its correlation with expression of XXXX , @entity14813 and @entity2355 genes].

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary and follicular carcinomas', 'papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity8170 :: ('MESH:D006044', 'Disease') :: ['nodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid papillary and follicular carcinomas', 'thyroid papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign thyroid tumor', 'tumor', 'malignant tumor', 'benign tumor', 'malignant thyroid tumor', 'tumors', 'benign follicular tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['follicular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tumors', 'thyroid carcinomas', 'thyroid adenoma']

entities_list: @entity7457 :: ('7080', 'Gene') :: ['thyroid transcription factor-1', 'TTF-1']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid diseases']

answer: @entity8958 :: (5979,Gene) :: ['RET']


abstract: Distinction of @entity189 in situ ( @entity2735 ) from reactive atypia on the basis of morphology alone may be difficult in some cases. Because this distinction is therapeutically and prognostically critical, we attempted to determine if an immunohistochemical panel would help in this differential diagnosis. The immunoprofile of 21 cases of @entity2735 and 25 non-neoplastic urothelia (15 urothelial biopsies with reactive atypia from @entity1 without a history of @entity150 and 10 normal ureter sections from nephrectomies performed for @entity1358 ) was determined using antibodies against @entity2225 ( @entity2225 ), @entity876 , and @entity1759 (standard isoform). In the normal urothelium @entity2225 showed patchy cytoplasmic immunoreactivity in only the superficial umbrella cell layer and @entity1759 stained only the basal cells. Nuclear immunoreactivity to @entity876 varied from negative to weak and patchy. Reactive urothelium also showed @entity2225 immunoreactivity in only the umbrella cell layer in all 15 cases, and @entity876 nuclear staining was predominantly negative with occasional weak positivity in the basal and parabasal intermediate cells. @entity1759 was overexpressed in the entire reactive urothelium in 9 cases (60%) or focally positive in intermediate cells in 6 cases (40%). In contrast, @entity2735 showed intense @entity2225 and @entity876 positivity (81% and 57%, respectively) in the majority (>50%) of malignant cells. @entity1759 staining revealed residual basal cells with membranous reactivity in 44% of the cases of @entity2735 ; however, the neoplastic cells were immunonegative in all cases. At least one positive immunomarker ( @entity2225 or @entity876 ) was abnormally expressed in all cases of @entity2735 . Abnormal expression of @entity2225 (increased), @entity876 (increased), and @entity1759 (decreased) in urothelial @entity2735 , and increased expression of @entity1759 in reactive atypia allows more confident distinction of urothelial @entity2735 from non-neoplastic urothelial atypias. From a differential diagnosis perspective, use of a panel of all three antibodies with morphologic correlation would be essential.

title: Discriminatory immunohistochemical staining of @entity189 in situ and non-neoplastic urothelium: an analysis of @entity2225 , @entity876 , and XXXX antigens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity1759 :: (960,Gene) :: ['CD44']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the pelvic circulation during @entity1028 repair (EVAR) with a new monitoring system measuring penile and buttock blood flow. METHODS: We measured penile brachial pressure index (PBI) during EVAR by pulse-volume-plethysmography (form @entity122 /ABItrade mark). We also measured bilateral gluteal tissue @entity26 metabolism with near-infrared spectroscopy to provide a gluteal tissue oxygenation index (TOI). Twenty-two @entity1 who underwent aortouni-iliac stentgraft with crossover bypass for exclusion of @entity1028 were studied. Twelve @entity1 underwent aorto-uni-common iliac artery stentgraft (CIA) and ten underwent aorto-uni-external iliac artery stentgraft (EIA). RESULTS: In all @entity1 , there was an immediate reduction in PBI during the EVAR procedure. After revascularization of the ipsilateral limb of the stent graft, the recovery of PBI was significantly less in EIA group. After the completion of crossover bypass, PBI in both groups recovered to the baseline values. In both groups there was a bilateral reduction in gluteal TOI during malperfusion of the internal iliac artery. After revascularization of ipsilateral limb of the stent graft, the ipsilateral TOI recovered to the baseline level in CIA @entity1 , but recovery was incomplete in EIA @entity1 . In contrast, contra-lateral TOI remained low in both groups after revascularization of ipsilateral limb of the stent graft. Only after completion of crossover bypass did the contra-lateral TOI recover to baseline level in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both TOI at the buttocks and PBI are a sensitive reflection of pelvic haemodynamics. Penile blood flow and bilateral gluteal blood flow are supplied via different circulations and both should be monitored for full assessment of the pelvic circulation.

title: Intraoperative monitoring of penile and buttock blood flow during XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: Between 1985 and 1987, 1837 primary @entity348 ( @entity348 ) prostheses were implanted in 1503 @entity1 . Group I included 843 knee with @entity615 ( @entity615 ), and group II included 994 knees with all @entity691 patellar components (APPC). Follow-up averaged 5.7 years (range, 2 to 11 years). Twenty-four @entity615 (2.9%) and 16 APPC @entity348 cases (1.6%) developed @entity281 . In the time interval between arthroplasty and 2-year follow-up, eight @entity615 and 11 APPC knees developed @entity281 . The difference in the cumulative probability of @entity281 between the two groups during this time interval was not significant (relative risk, 0.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3-2.1; P = 0.73). However, after the 2-year follow-up, 16 @entity615 and 5 APPC knees developed @entity281 , and the difference in the cumulative probability of @entity281 between the @entity615 and APPC knees during this time interval was significant (relative risk, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.1-8.5; P = 0.02). Although the mechanism for this increased risk of these late infections is not well understood, the @entity603 , effusion, and relative @entity450 of these knees in the presence of the particulate metal and @entity691 debris may increase the potential of bacterial seeding to these prostheses. Particulate metal debris has been previously shown to suppress bacterial phagocytosis and may play a role in the pathogenesis of these infections. We propose that the presence of metal-backed patellar failure represents a "prosthesis at risk" for the development of late @entity281 .

title: Metal-backed patellar component failure in @entity348 : a possible risk for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['attendant synovitis']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['MBPC', 'metal-backed patellar components']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['late infection', 'prosthetic infection', 'infection', 'deep periprosthetic infection', 'deep infection']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total knee arthroplasty', 'TKA']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['late infection']


abstract: @entity14312 ( @entity14312 ) is a rare entity that is difficult to recognize. After the presentation of two @entity1 , a review of the literature found 45 reported @entity1 with @entity14312 . This article presents the largest collection of known @entity1 @entity14312 in the literature. Of the 47 @entity1 , 43 were female. The mean age at presentation was 28 months (range 0-24 years). The majority of the duplications were discovered incidentally (n = 21). Several presented with @entity166 such as @entity7181 with @entity295 . Forty-two @entity1 manifested an opening in the midline posterior to the native anus. Eighteen @entity1 had associated anomalies, the majority of which were midline. Thirty-five of the @entity1 underwent successful resection with rare complications. ACDs characteristically appear in females as incidental findings of an extra perineal orifice. They are frequently associated with additional @entity154 . Generally, ACDs are resectable with excellent outcomes.

title: XXXX : case reviews and summary of the world literature.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity14312 :: ('MESH:C563020', 'Disease') :: ['Anal canal duplication', 'ACD']

entities_list: @entity7181 :: ('MESH:D020802', 'Disease') :: ['epidural abscess']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

answer: @entity14312 :: (MESH:C563020,Disease) :: ['Anal canal duplication']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anaphylaxis, mediated by immunoglobulin E, may be clinically indistinguishable but is mechanistically different than chemically mediated anaphylactoid reactions induced by drugs such as @entity1286 , curare, and @entity2176 . A test to distinguish anaphylactic from anaphylactoid reactions would clarify therapeutic and medicolegal issues. Tryptase levels identify anaphylactic reactions but have not been evaluated in vivo during anaphylactoid reactions. A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of antihistamine chemoprophylaxis for rapid @entity2176 infusion was performed, and plasma tryptase was measured using a new immunoassay. @entity112 release was established by measurement of plasma @entity112 and the ability of prophylactic H1 and H2 antagonists to prevent common @entity112 -associated side effects. Tryptase levels were compared with @entity112 levels and clinical symptoms. METHODS: Before elective arthroplasty, 40 @entity1 received @entity2176 infusion (1 g over 10 min) and pretreatment with either antihistamines (1 mg/kg @entity3933 and 4 mg/kg @entity4444 ) or placebo. Changes in tryptase (at peak @entity112 and 10 min after @entity2176 infusion), @entity112 levels, and @entity112 -mediated symptoms were assessed using Fisher's exact test, the Student's t test, or the paired t test, as appropriate. @entity2357 models were used to quantify the association of clinical symptoms with antihistamine treatment and serum levels. RESULTS: Plasma tryptase levels were unchanged (99% CI, -0.5 to 1.6) independent of increased @entity112 levels, @entity16206 pretreatment, clinical symptoms, or all of these. @entity112 levels >1 ng/ml were significantly associated with @entity551 , moderate-to-severe @entity1910 , and stopped infusion. @entity16206 pretreatment significantly decreased the incidence and severity of the reactions. CONCLUSION: Plasma tryptase levels were not significantly elevated in confirmed anaphylactoid reactions, so they can be used to distinguish chemical from immunologic reactions.

title: Tryptase levels are not increased during XXXX -induced anaphylactoid reactions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity3933 :: ('MESH:D004155', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenhydramine']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity16206 :: ('CHEBI:37956', 'Chemical') :: ['Antihistamine', 'antihistamine']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity2176 :: (MESH:D014640,Chemical) :: ['vancomycin']


abstract: @entity14572 is the first metabolite of @entity859 . It exerts an antinociceptive effect by activating the @entity859 A(1) and A(2A) receptors. We have previously demonstrated that @entity14572 exhibits antinociceptive properties in acute and chronic @entity19 models of nociception. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein-coupled receptors, as well as @entity3529 and @entity141 channels, in the antinociception promoted by @entity14572 in the @entity406 test. @entity19 were pretreated with pertussis toxin (2.5   g/site, i.t., an inactivator of G(i/0) protein); after 7  days, they received @entity14572 (10  mg/kg, i.p.) or @entity1286 (2.5  mg/kg, s.c., used as positive control) immediately before the @entity406 test. Another group of animals received @entity5128 ( @entity1041 ) or @entity973 ( @entity974 ) (1   g/site, i.t., a non-specific voltage-gated @entity3529 channel blockers), apamin (50  ng/site, i.t., a small conductance @entity141 -activated @entity3529 channel blocker), charybdotoxin (250  pg/site, i.t., a large-conductance @entity141 -activated @entity3529 channel blocker), @entity5217 (100   g/site, i.t., an @entity855 -sensitive @entity3529 channel blocker) or @entity15130 (200  nmol/site, i.t.). Afterwards, the @entity19 received @entity14572 (10  mg/kg, i.p.), @entity3522 (10  mg/kg, i.p., a positive control), or @entity1286 (2.5  mg/kg, s.c., a positive control) immediately before the @entity406 test. The antinociceptive effect of @entity14572 was reversed by the pre-administration of pertussis toxin (2.5   g/site, i.t.), @entity1041 , @entity973 , @entity9443 , @entity5217 , and @entity15130 , but not apamin. Further, all @entity3529 channel blockers and @entity15130 reversed the antinociception induced by @entity3522 and @entity1286 , respectively. Taken together, these data suggest that the antinociceptive effect of @entity14572 is mediated, in part, by pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein coupled receptors and the subsequent activation of voltage gated @entity3529 channel, large conductance @entity141 -activated and @entity855 -sensitive @entity3529 channels or inactivation of voltage-gated @entity141 channels. Finally, small conductance @entity141 -activated @entity3529 channels are not involved in the antinociceptive effect of @entity14572 .

title: Role of pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein, K+ channels, and voltage-gated @entity141 channels in the antinociceptive effect of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity14572 :: ('MESH:D007288', 'Chemical') :: ['Inosine', 'inosine']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity9443 :: ('MESH:D018999', 'Chemical') :: ['charybdotoxin']

answer: @entity14572 :: (MESH:D007288,Chemical) :: ['inosine']


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of @entity2221 and/or @entity413 energy supplementation in elderly medical @entity1 on an intention-to-treat basis. One hundred and six elderly medical in- @entity1 were entered into a double-bind placebo-controlled factorial trial of @entity413 energy and vitamin supplementation. Supplementation was given for 1 month. This trial was designed to detect a > 2 kg increase in weight and > 3 g/l increase in serum @entity2313 between active and placebo supplementation in 100 @entity1 with 90% power (p < 0.05). Other outcome measures included changes in Barthel activities of daily living, length of stay, and mental test score (MTS). No interaction between vitamin and @entity413 supplementation was demonstrated. Active energy supplementation with @entity413 alone was associated with a +0.6 kg change in weight and +0.7 g/l change in @entity2313 [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.8, +2.0 and -1.3, +2.8, respectively]. The respective changes for active vitamin supplementation were -0.6 kg for weight and +0.5 g/l for @entity2313 (95% CI -2.1, +0.8 and -1.5, +2.6, respectively). There were no significant differences in mental test score, Barthel score, or length of stay between the two groups. Compliance with the @entity413 energy supplementation was poor with only one-third of @entity1 consuming more than 50% of the offered drink. We conclude that the giving of @entity413 alone and/or vitamin supplementation in elderly @entity1 is of no benefit on an intention-to-treat basis.

title: Nutritional supplementation in elderly medical in- XXXX : a double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2221 :: ('CHEBI:33229', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Nine @entity1 with onco- @entity1583 with a poor prognosis due to high risk of relapse received immunotherapy with @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) and interferon (IFN(alpha 2b)) s.c. as maintenance therapy after receiving autologous bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (ABMT/PBSCT). All the @entity1 were considered at very high risk of relapse. We attempted to assess the efficiency, @entity137 and clinical effects of these cytokines in these @entity1 . Five @entity1 were treated with high-dose of @entity1199 and the other four @entity1 with escalating doses every month. Side-effects in the first group of @entity1 consisted of fever, chills, @entity425 , @entity390 , @entity448 , loss of weight and @entity1909 in the injection site. @entity137 on the WHO scale was grade II in three @entity1 and grade IV in the other two @entity1 . In the second group of @entity1 , the same clinical signs of @entity137 appeared, but these were grade I on the WHO scale in all @entity1 . None of the @entity1 had @entity281 or died in relation to administration of @entity1199 . Four @entity1 died of relapse or progression of their @entity1583 . The other five @entity1 are alive, one in chronic phase of CML and the other four @entity1 are in complete remission of their @entity5 .

title: Treatment with XXXX ( @entity1199 ) and interferon (IFN(alpha 2b)) after autologous bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in onco- @entity1583 with a high risk of relapse.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['local dermatitis']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: The selective attention to facial emotion and identity was investigated in 12 @entity1 with @entity161 and 12 healthy @entity1 . Both @entity1 and controls were required to perform two classification tasks (according either to identity or emotion). Two separate values for identity ( @entity1 A/ @entity1 B) and for emotion (fear/anger) were used. When the classification task was on one dimension, the other dimension was either correlated, constant, or orthogonal (Garner WR. The Processing of Information and Structure. Potomac, @entity601 : Erlbaum, 1974, Garner WR. Interaction of stimulus dimensions in concept and choice processes. Cognitive Psychology 1976;8:98-123). Results indicated that both @entity1 and healthy @entity1 had an asymmetrical pattern of performance: they were able to selectively attend to the identity of the face presented, regardless of the emotion expressed on the face, but variation in identity interfered with the classification of facial emotion. Moreover, a correlational study indicated that the identity interference on emotion classification for @entity161 @entity1 covaried with the severity of their negative symptoms. The selective attention competencies in @entity161 and the independence hypothesis of emotion and face recognition are discussed in the framework of current face recognition models.

title: Selective attention to facial emotion and identity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pentoxifylline (Ptx) decreases necessity of cell energy and inflammatory reactions via inhibition of @entity18615 (5'-NT). The aim of this study is to investigate whether the addition of Ptx into the cardioplegic solutions avoids myocardial inflammatory reactions and @entity63 /reperfusion (I/R) injury during extracorpereal circulation. METHODS: Between December 1999 and February 2002, we operated 75 @entity1 with the diagnoses of @entity118 ( @entity118 ), @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ), @entity340 , and @entity301 . The average age of @entity1 was 42.4 and male-female ratio was 1: 1.5. The @entity1 were divided into two groups, which were the study group (n = 40) and the control group (n = 35). We used cold blood cardioplegia mixed with St. Thomas' Hospital II cardioplegic solution for both of the groups. Ptx was added into the cardioplegic solution (500 mg/L) in the study group. @entity650 ( @entity650 ), @entity687 ( @entity687 ), and @entity5 necrotisis factor-alpha ( @entity310 ) levels in coronary sinus blood samples during cross-clamp time (X-clamp) and after releasing of it and tissue @entity310 in the right atrial appendix biopsy material that was taken after X-clamp were studied to compare the both groups. RESULTS: After releasing X-clamp, results of blood @entity310 , @entity650 , and @entity687 of both groups were statistically significant (p < 0.005). At the pathological examination, we also observed that the amount of tissue @entity310 in the control group (66 +/- 17.1) was much higher than the study group (16.6 +/- 5.9, p <0.005). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that Ptx may be added into cardioplegic solution to avoid the @entity296 and I/R injury during open heart surgery.

title: The effects of pentoxifylline on the @entity296 and XXXX -reperfusion injury during cardiopulmonary bypass.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve disease']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychotic symptoms (delusions and @entity1833 ) are reported to be increased among @entity1 using illicit substances, but little is known about the comparative frequency with which the symptoms occur with abuse of different substances. To establish this, we interviewed individuals who had wide experience of commonly used drugs. METHODS: Four hundred seventy-six intravenous drug users, crack- @entity2072 users, and @entity4521 snorters recruited via street outreach were interviewed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Substance Abuse Model to assess @entity734 on a number of substances including @entity889 , @entity835 , @entity2072 , and opioids. As a part of this assessment, we assessed a history of delusions and @entity1833 in the context of use of, or withdrawal from, these specific substances. RESULTS: From 27.8% to 79.6% users of @entity4944 , @entity835 , @entity2072 , and opiates met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Third Edition, Revised, @entity734 for that specific substance. The prevalence of @entity716 associated with each specific substance ranged from users with no diagnosis to users with severe @entity734 as follows: @entity889 (5.2%-100%), @entity835 (12.4%-80.0%), @entity2072 (6.7%-80.7%), and opiates (6.7%-58.2%). The risk of @entity716 increased for respondents who abused (odds ratio [OR], 12.2) or had mild (OR, 17.1), moderate (OR, 47.0), or severe @entity734 (OR, 114.0) on @entity2072 when compared to those who were users with no diagnosis. A similar pattern was evident in @entity835 , opiate, and @entity4944 users. CONCLUSIONS: Most users dependent on illicit substances experience @entity716 in the context of use of, or withdrawal from, these substances. Psychotic symptoms increased with the severity of the substance use disorders for all 4 substances. These findings emphasize the importance of developing services to target this population as they are at a heightened risk for developing @entity716 .

title: Prevalence of XXXX in substance users: a comparison across substances.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

entities_list: @entity889 :: ('MESH:D000662', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamines']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychotic symptoms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ensuring adequate dietary intake during pregnancy has important implications for optimising maternal and fetal health. It is not known whether diet quality is altered over pregnancy and the post-partum period. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive assessment of diet quality in overweight and @entity28 @entity1 during pregnancy and early post-partum. DESIGN: In a prospective cohort study, n=301 overweight or @entity28 pregnant @entity1 completed a food frequency questionnaire at study entry (10-20 weeks gestation), 28 weeks gestation, 36 weeks gestation and 4 months post-partum for assessment of macronutrient and micronutrient intake and diet quality by the @entity1277 ( @entity1277 ). RESULTS: Energy, macronutrient and dietary sources of micronutrients did not alter across pregnancy or post-partum. The @entity1277 was of below average quality in 31.0% of @entity1 at baseline. This decreased from week 28 (P<0.001) and was maintained at a lower level post-partum such that @entity1277 levels were lower compared with study entry (53.3  12.7 versus 56.7  10.1, P<0.001). The @entity1277 decrease occurred in association with decreases in the milk, meat and unsaturated oil components, and increases in the proportion of energy from solid fats, @entity167 and added @entity3363 (P<0.001), and was independently predicted by the socioeconomic index for areas score (b=-0.011, s.e.=0.011, P=0.031). CONCLUSION: We report for the first time that dietary quality decreases across pregnancy and is maintained at this reduced level in the early post-partum period in overweight and @entity28 @entity1 . Dietary interventions aimed at improving diet quality should be targeted to early pregnancy and post-partum.

title: A decrease in diet quality occurs during pregnancy in overweight and @entity28 XXXX which is maintained post-partum.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['Healthy Eating Index', 'HEI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: To establish the frequency of genetic mutations related to @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ); to verify if there is association between the degree of @entity1274 and the presence of @entity74 ; and to verify if the Minimal Response Levels (MRL) with hearing aids vary according to the @entity74 . METHODS: Thirty hearing aids users with ages between 8 and 111 months were evaluated. The evaluation procedures used were: pure-tone audiometry; the auditory steady state response (ASSR) on sound field, with and without hearing aids; and genetic study of the @entity393 . RESULTS: Three genetic mutations were diagnosed: @entity4701 , @entity14505 and @entity45090 , and the @entity1 with these mutations showed higher degree of @entity1274 . There was no difference between the genetic patterns regarding the degree of @entity1274 , except for @entity1 with @entity45090 mitochondrial mutation, because all subjects with this mutation had profound @entity1274 . The difference between the MRL obtained with and without amplification, considering the presence of mutation and the degree of @entity1274 , was higher in @entity1 with moderate @entity1274 without genetic alterations, both in behavioral and electrophysiological evaluations. CONCLUSION: Genetic mutations were found in 36.7% of the sample, justifying the importance of genetic tracking in the hearing habilitation process. @entity1 with genetic mutations showed higher degrees of @entity393 . The different mutation patterns do not directly determine the degree of @entity393 . The best thresholds with amplification were found in @entity1 with moderate @entity393 without genetic alterations.

title: Association between phenotype, performance with hearing aids, and genotype of childhood @entity393 in @entity1 with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss', 'SNHL']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic alteration']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['genetic alteration']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The treatment for brain @entity3 has undergone remarkable changes since the development of radiosurgery. We investigated the results of treatment for @entity2 since the initiation of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) and we discuss the usefulness of GKRS combined with other treatments in cases with recurrence. METHODS: We treated 142 @entity1 with @entity2 . Sixteen @entity1 were treated surgically, 11 @entity1 were treated with whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), and 115 @entity1 were treated with GKRS. Our treatment plan is to use GKRS in cases with less than 5 lesions and lesions less than 3 cm in mean diameter. We use WBRT in cases with 5 or more lesions, and surgery in cases with lesions 3 cm or larger. If new lesions or @entity5 regrowth appeared after the initial treatment, we retreated them with one of the methods mentioned above. RESULTS: Twice or three-time treatments were performed in 30 @entity1 . Median survival including all cases was 10 months and the number of deaths due to local treatment failure was only 5 (6.5%) out of the total 77 deaths which occurred. CONCLUSION: We were able to carry out less invasive treatment for @entity2 by utilizing GKRS. Though we have to consider the indications for other treatments, we can say that radiosurgery is usually the treatment of first choice for @entity2 . When new lesions appear in cases where a particular initial treatment was used, it is possible to maintain or improve the quality of life by retreatment, using a combination of GKRS, surgery or WBRT, to prolong the @entity1 's life.

title: [Treatment for XXXX in the era of radiosurgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['brain metastasis from lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['brain metastasis from lung cancer']


abstract: Neuropilins (NRPs) are 130-kDa receptors that bind and respond to the class 3 semaphorin family of axon guidance molecules (SEMAs) and to members of the @entity7 ( @entity7 ) family of angiogenic factors. Two NRPs have been reported so far, @entity12867 and @entity11916 . Unlike @entity12867 , little is known about @entity11916 interactions with its ligands, @entity1655 and @entity38791 . Cell binding studies reveal that @entity1655 and @entity38791 bind @entity11916 with similar affinities, 5.2 and 3.9 nM, respectively, and are competitive @entity11916 ligands. Immunoprecipitation studies show that the B (b1b2) extracellular domain of @entity11916 is sufficient for @entity1655 binding, whereas @entity38791 requires both the A (a1a2) and B domains. To identify residues of B- @entity11916 involved in @entity1655 binding, point mutations were introduced by site-directed mutagenesis. @entity1655 is a basic protein. Reduction of the electronegative potential of B- @entity11916 by exchanging acidic residues for uncharged @entity493 (B- @entity11916 @entity56230 , @entity56231 ) in the 280-290 b1- @entity11916 loop resulted in a 2-fold reduction in @entity1655 affinity. Conversely, enhancing the electronegative potential (B- @entity11916 @entity56232 , @entity56233 and @entity56232 , @entity56234 ) significantly increased @entity1655 affinity for B- @entity11916 by 8- and 6.6-fold, respectively. The mutagenesis did not affect @entity38791 /B- @entity11916 interactions. These results demonstrate that it is possible to alter @entity1655 affinity for @entity11916 without affecting @entity38791 affinity. They also identify @entity11916 residues involved in @entity1655 binding and suggest that modifications of B- @entity11916 could lead to potentially high affinity selective inhibitors of @entity1655 / @entity11916 interactions.

title: Site-directed mutagenesis in the B-neuropilin-2 domain selectively enhances its affinity to @entity1655 , but not to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity38791 :: (6405,Gene) :: ['semaphorin 3F']


abstract: This prospective study included 50 @entity1 receiving anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) was conducted at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. The study period was 1st July 2006 to 30th June 2010. This study was done to see the functional outcome of surgery in relation to duration of symptoms and age of the @entity1 . The clinical information and relevant imaging of 50 consecutive @entity1 , 41 male and 9 female, was reviewed at 1 year after surgery. All surgery was performed at no more than 2 contiguous levels, by one surgeon. After anterior discectomy alone, or combined with posterior vertebral body margin osteophytectomy, anterior bone grafting was performed at each level using a tricortical autogenous iliac crest bone block inserted under compression. All surgery was completed without internal fixation. A postoperative semirigid cervical collar was prescribed for 2 months. In 50 @entity1 , there were 4 @entity1516 (8%). Only 4% of the 50 @entity1 had @entity158 related to the donor site. The functional outcome was excellent to good (87.5%) when duration of symptoms less than 1 year and outcome was excellent to good (85.29%) when the age less than 50 years. These results tend to confirm published reports of most expected outcome related to young age and short duration of symptoms. @entity1 with technically successful fusions were less likely to have @entity282 . Donor site @entity158 was not a significant @entity260 . ACDF is a safe, cheap and effective procedure for @entity4720 . In this series no major operative complications have occurred. No extra expenditure for plate and screw in this procedure.

title: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion without instrumentation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spondylosis']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative neck pain']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthroses']

answer: @entity4720 :: (MESH:D055009,Disease) :: ['cervical spondylosis']