abstract: BACKGROUND: Sympathetic hyperactivity occurs early in acute @entity1003 (ATC) and is closely related to its development. b-adrenoceptor antagonists are known to alleviate adverse sympathetic effects and improve outcome in @entity66 . We investigated whether b-blockers have protective effects against @entity32 and endothelial and @entity4461 in ATC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: ATC was induced in male @entity35 by @entity130 and @entity548 . @entity35 were randomly assigned to the sham, ATCC (ATC control), and ATCB (ATC with beta-adrenoceptor blockade) groups. @entity35 were injected intraperitoneally with @entity1169 or vehicle at baseline. Heart rate variability (HRV) and markers of @entity32 , coagulation, and endothelial activation were measured, and Western blotting analysis of @entity4026 was done after shock. Separate ATCC and ATCB groups were observed to compare overall mortality. RESULTS: HRV showed enhanced sympathetic tone in the ATCC group, which was reversed by @entity1169 . @entity1169 attenuated the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines @entity1505 and @entity568 , as well as fibrinolysis markers plasmin antiplasmin complex and tissue-type plasminogen activator. The increased serum @entity60124 and soluble thrombomodulin were inhibited by @entity1169 , and the @entity4026 expression was also decreased by @entity1169 pretreatment. But @entity1169 did not alter overall mortality in @entity35 with ATC after shock. CONCLUSIONS: Beta-adrenoceptor blockade can alleviate sympathetic hyperactivity and exert anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrinolysis, and endothelial protective effects, confirming its pivotal role in the pathogenesis of ATC. Its mechanism in ATC should be explored further.

title: Impact of b-adrenoceptor blockade on systemic @entity32 and coagulation disturbances in XXXX with acute @entity1003 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['various diseases']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['hemostatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity785 ( @entity785 ) is an autoimmune disease of the connective tissue characterized by the triad of @entity1317 , @entity792 (cellular and humoral) and tissue @entity82 . It is estimated that @entity4512 is a common complaint of @entity1 with @entity785 , ranging from 40 to 80%, and mainly in @entity1 with early diffuse disease. @entity625 , clinically observed, may be a feature seen in the presentation of @entity785 , often leading to early diagnostic errors with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). In the course of the disease, @entity625 is observed in 24 to 97% of @entity1 with @entity785 . OBJECTIVES: To correlate the occurrence or nonoccurrence of @entity625 in @entity1 with @entity785 of the Midwest region of Brazil with possible distinct clinical and laboratory manifestations observed in three groups of @entity1 . To report the frequency of true association between @entity785 and @entity309 in @entity1 with clinically and radiologically observed @entity603 . METHODS: Sixty-one @entity785 @entity1 were subsequently assessed every 3 months within 1 year, in order to clinically observe the occurrence of @entity603 and its patterns of progression. @entity1 were divided into 3 groups: 41 @entity1 with @entity785 without @entity625 , 16 @entity785 @entity1 with @entity625 and 4 @entity1 with overlap of @entity785 and @entity309 . All @entity1 underwent a radiological examination of the hands at the end of the study. RESULTS: Among all @entity1 evaluated, we found a female predominance (98.7%), mean age of 50.94 years, white color (49.2%), limited form of the disease (47.6%), time of diagnosis between 5 to 10 years (47.6%) and duration of the disease of 8.30 years. Among all @entity1 , 14 (22.9%) had positive rheumatoid factor (RF), while among those with positive RF, only 10 @entity1 had @entity625 during one-year follow-up. The antibody anticitrulline (anti-CCP) test was performed in 24 @entity1 , being positive in 4 of them (16.7%), with positivity being observed only in @entity1 with @entity785 / @entity309 overlap. Comparing the clinical manifestations among the groups of @entity1 , there was a higher incidence of @entity3621 and @entity299 in @entity1 with @entity785 and @entity625 , but not in the others. In the group of @entity1 with @entity785 / @entity309 overlap and in @entity1 with @entity785 and @entity625 a significant reduction in quality of life was observed, measured by HAQ index, especially in @entity1 with @entity625 present during clinical evaluation. We found radiographic changes in 42.6% of @entity1 with @entity785 . However, in @entity1 with @entity603 , radiological changes consistent with @entity309 were found in 50% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: While the frequency of clinical @entity625 observed in @entity1 with @entity785 was 32.8%, the true overlap between of @entity785 and @entity309 was 6.6% in this study. We also observed the frequency of positive anti-CCP in 20% of @entity1 with @entity625 versus no @entity1 with @entity785 without @entity625 .

title: [Overlap between @entity785 and XXXX : a distinct clinical entity?]

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac valvulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic sclerosis', 'systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: The @entity6510 ( @entity6510 ) and endogenous agonists of this receptor are present in the central and peripheral nervous systems including the @entity344 . The surgically rejected specimens of @entity1 @entity14 and paired normal tissues were studied to detect mutations in the @entity6510 gene by sequencing method. The results were compared to clinicopathological parameters and correlated with overall survival time. Sixty-three @entity14 @entity1 , who underwent surgical excision of @entity14 , were included in this study. The coding region of the @entity6510 gene was studied: a @entity377 change ( @entity34405 was identified by direct sequencing of PCR. Thirty-eight @entity1 had the G/G genotype (wild type) in @entity5 areas and 25 @entity1 had G/A heterozygous or A/A homozygous genotype. Univariate analysis revealed 2 independent variables associated with @entity6510 gene mutation. The results show that the @entity1 with Dukes stage C and D had a 2.9 times (p = 0.04) and @entity1 that were lymph node positive had 2.8 times (p = 0.05) greater probability of @entity377 change in @entity6510 gene. Genotype G/A plus A/A had a shorter overall survival time than G/G wild-type @entity1 (p < 0.05). Indeed nontumor paired colorectal tissues showed @entity377 change. A large number of @entity1 with mutation in the @entity6510 gene were observed. These preliminary findings highlight the importance of further studies in the use of cannabinoid analogs as receptor ligands to analyze potential therapeutic effects.

title: Single @entity377 change in the @entity6510 ( @entity6510 ) gene in XXXX outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6510 :: ('1268', 'Gene') :: ['cannabinoid receptor-1', 'CNR-1', 'CNR1']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal nervous system']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6537 ( @entity6537 ) is a rare @entity706 that most closely resembles a diffuse large @entity1892 , and it is a subtype of @entity149 ( @entity149 ). @entity6537 is located inside the eye in the retina, uvea, and/or optic nerve. We retrospectively analyzed @entity6537 @entity1 data to identify treatment patterns and survival rates in Korea. METHODS: Cytological confirmation for a diagnosis of @entity6537 was performed for all @entity1 . The clinical data collected from medical records included Ann Arbor stage, International Prognostic Index, performance status, date of diagnosis, treatment modality and response, date of relapse, and date of last follow-up. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity6537 , between December 2007 and June 2014 at multiple centers in Korea, were included in the analysis. Four @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity6537 alone, not involving the CNS. Two @entity1 with @entity6537 later developed @entity149 . Nine @entity1 developed CNS lesions before the onset of @entity706 . Five @entity1 had simultaneous onset in the eye and CNS. Twelve @entity1 were treated by intravitreal injection of @entity1499 for @entity6537 . The median progression-free survival (PFS) for @entity1 was 19.7 months (95% CI, 8.7-30.7 mo). The estimated 3-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) for all @entity1 was 75.1%. CONCLUSION: Treatment for @entity6537 @entity1 included radiotherapy and intraocular chemotherapy. @entity6537 @entity1 showed favorable PFS and @entity1349 . These @entity1 would require long-term follow-up to identify relapse and adverse effects of radiotherapy or intraocular chemotherapy.

title: @entity6537 in Korea: the Consortium for Improving XXXX (CISL) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['ocular lymphoma', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['PCNSL', 'primary central nervous system lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6537 :: ('MESH:D064090', 'Disease') :: ['isolated IOL', 'IOL', 'Intraocular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Survival of Lymphoma']


abstract: This study aimed to assess the relationship between the recurrence and prognosis of @entity1 with @entity2500 , @entity4798 , and the existence of microemboli. We continuously enrolled @entity1 with acute atherosclerotic @entity1416 . We performed transcranial Doppler color ultrasound micro emboli monitoring, color Doppler ultrasound carotid artery tests, intracranial and carotid artery magnetic resonance angiography, impairment evaluation of nerve function, and registration of @entity64 recurrence and @entity64 mortality. Of the 49 @entity1 enrolled in the study, 123 main arteries presented @entity731 or formed plaques, and 33 @entity1 had symptomatic @entity850 . @entity1 with symptomatic @entity850 have a higher incidence of microemboli than @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity850 (P = 0.009). The @entity2113 rate increased in @entity1 with unstable plaques (P = 0.001). @entity1 who were @entity549 were more likely to show a neural function deficient NIHSS (National Institutes of @entity64 Scale) score improvement than @entity1 who were @entity2113 at one week (P = 0.026). However, we found no significant difference between mRS (modified rankin scale) score (P = 0.319), relapse, and @entity204 (P = 0.179). The rate of @entity2113 increased in @entity1 with atherosclerotic @entity385 and unstable plaques. @entity1 who were @entity549 were more likely to show an improvement of @entity6314 than @entity1 with @entity2113 at one week (P = 0.026).

title: A study of microemboli monitoring of atherosclerotic XXXX and artery stenosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic brain infarction']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity6314 :: ('MESH:D006315', 'Disease') :: ['neural function deficiency']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['acute middle cerebral artery infarction']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic cerebral infarction artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity549 :: ('MESH:D064726', 'Disease') :: ['microembolus-negative']

entities_list: @entity2113 :: ('MESH:D006679', 'Disease') :: ['microembolus-positive', 'microembolus-positivity']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['thrombotic cerebral infarction']


abstract: Pediatric @entity1 with @entity465 ( @entity465 ) constitute life-threatening medical emergencies. In the absence of an HLA-identical hematopoietic stem cell donor, unrelated donor cord blood transplantation (CBT) is another treatment option. There are little data regarding the outcome of unrelated CBT for @entity465 in Taiwan. We report the results of CBT performed in 8 @entity1 with @entity465 between 2004 and 2013 at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. The cases included severe combined @entity465 (n=4), chronic @entity738 (n=2), @entity17454 (n=1), and @entity14634 (n=1). Median follow-up time was 73 months. Most UCB recipients received a myeloablative conditioning regimen. There were 7 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 with a median age of 2.5 months at diagnosis (range, antenatal to 17 mo). Median age at transplant was 5.5 months (range, 2 to 74 mo). All but 1 @entity1 engrafted at a median time of 14 days. One developed significant @entity2132 after transplant. Our data show that unrelated CBT in @entity465 is possible. However, no definite conclusions can be drawn from this small number of @entity1 , and more studies are needed to further investigate and confirm these findings.

title: Single-institution Experience of Unrelated Cord Blood Transplantation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity14634 :: ('MESH:C536780', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous disease']

entities_list: @entity17454 :: ('MESH:D014923', 'Disease') :: ['Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['PID', 'immunodeficiency', 'primary immunodeficiencies']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['grade III graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity465 :: (MESH:D007153,Disease) :: ['Primary Immunodeficiency']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the possibility of an association between @entity968 ( @entity970 ) and @entity810 ( @entity810 ) in elderly @entity1 using a health insurance claims database. METHODS: We conducted a population-based case-crossover study using information obtained from Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) claims from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2005 (Seoul, Korea). The study population consisted of elderly @entity1 who received @entity970 prior to experiencing their first @entity810 -related hospitalization from April 1, 2005 to December 31, 2005. For each @entity1 , one case and two control periods were matched. @entity970 use in a 2- or 4-wk window period prior to hospitalization for @entity810 was compared with @entity970 use in two earlier 2- or 4-wk control window periods. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CI, adjusting for concomitant uses of diuretics, @entity7774 converting enzyme inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, anti- @entity5 drugs, and contrast media. RESULTS: Within the HIRA database which contained 1,093,262 elderly @entity1 , 1156 hospitalized @entity810 cases were identified. Among these cases, @entity970 was prescribed to 17 (1.5%) @entity1 before hospitalization. The adjusted ORs when applying the 2- and 4-wk window periods were 0.4 (95% CI: 0.03-5.24) and 2.1 (95% CI: 0.16-27.78), respectively. CONCLUSION: No increased risk of @entity810 was found in elderly @entity970 users. However, based on the limited number of study subjects, further analysis should be performed to confirm these results.

title: A population-based case-crossover study of XXXX use and @entity810 risk in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene glycol']


abstract: Notwithstanding extensive efforts, the mechanism of capacitative @entity460 entry (CCE) remains unclear. Two seemingly opposed theories have been proposed: secretion-like coupling (Patterson, R. L., van Rossum, D. B., and Gill, D. L. (1999) Cell 98, 487-499) and the @entity460 influx factor (CIF) (Randriamampita, C., and Tsien, R. Y. (1993) Nature 364, 809-814). In the current study, a combinatorial approach was taken to investigate the mechanism of CCE in corneal endothelial cells. Induction of @entity12325 s by @entity11423 (BN) enhanced CCE measured by @entity15410 entry after store depletion. @entity58882 ( @entity58882 ), a proposed CIF generated by cytochrome P-450s (Rzigalinski, B. A., Willoughby, K. A., Hoffman, S. W., Falck, J. R., and Ellis, E. F. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 175-182), induced @entity141 entry. Both BN-enhanced CCE and the @entity58882 -induced @entity141 entry were inhibited by the CCE blocker @entity15258 , indicating a role for @entity12325 s in CCE. Treatment with calyculin A (CalyA), which causes condensation of cortical cytoskeleton, inhibited CCE. The actin polymerization inhibitor @entity11119 partially reversed the inhibition of CCE by CalyA, suggesting a secretion-like coupling mechanism for CCE. However, CalyA could not inhibit CCE in BN-treated cells, and @entity58882 caused a partial activation of CCE in CalyA-treated cells. These results further support the notion that @entity12325 metabolites may be CIFs. The vesicular transport inhibitor @entity10613 inhibited CCE in both vehicle- and BN-treated cells. Surprisingly, @entity15410 entry in the absence of store depletion was enhanced in BN-treated cells, which was also inhibited by @entity15258 . An integrative model suggests that both CIF from @entity12325 metabolism and secretion-like coupling mechanisms play roles in CCE in corneal endothelial cells.

title: @entity460 influx factor from @entity12325 metabolism and secretion-like coupling mechanisms for capacitative XXXX entry in corneal endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity10613 :: ('MESH:D020126', 'Chemical') :: ['brefeldin A']

entities_list: @entity11423 :: ('MESH:D019324', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-naphthoflavone']

entities_list: @entity15258 :: ('MESH:C109986', 'Chemical') :: ['2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity11119 :: ('MESH:D015638', 'Chemical') :: ['cytochalasin D']

entities_list: @entity58882 :: ('MESH:C040776', 'Chemical') :: ['5,6-EET', '5,6-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent findings have elucidated that @entity38399 has ability of promoting angiogenesis besides the functions in nervous system. Autologous @entity361 ( @entity361 ) transplantation is now proved to be an effective method to treat @entity3657 . However there are still many @entity1 who cannot complete full treatments. Therefore it is necessary to improve the effectiveness. This study estimated the curative effects in chronic @entity63 when @entity361 allied with @entity38399 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six @entity35 were made into chronic @entity63 models. They were randomly assigned to four groups, @entity38399 + @entity361 group (treated with @entity38399 and @entity361 derived from peripheral blood), @entity361 group (treated with @entity361 individually), @entity38399 group (treated with @entity38399 individually), and control group (treated with saline). Measurements of @entity19 behaviors, vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and capillary density in @entity63 limb were performed on days 7, 14, and 28 after treatments; measurements of contraction force in @entity63 limb was performed on day 28 after treatments to compare differences among the groups. RESULTS: @entity38399 allied with @entity361 significantly increased Tarlov score, vascular endothelial growth factor expression, capillary density, and muscular strength in @entity63 limb. CONCLUSIONS: @entity38399 allied with @entity361 derived from peripheral blood significantly promoted angiogenesis in aged @entity35 with chronic @entity63 . It may be a promising method of treating @entity3657 in the future.

title: @entity38399 with stem cells promote angiogenesis in limb @entity63 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal stem cells', 'MSCs']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: To study the neural networks reorganization in pediatric @entity302 , a consortium of imaging centers was established to collect functional imaging data. Common paradigms and similar acquisition parameters were used. We studied 122 @entity1 (64 control and 58 LRE @entity1 ) across five sites using EPI BOLD fMRI and an auditory description decision task. After normalization to the MNI atlas, activation maps generated by FSL were separated into three sub-groups using a distance method in the principal component analysis (PCA)-based decisional space. Three activation patterns were identified: (1) the typical distributed network expected for task in @entity75 (Broca's) and along left superior temporal gyrus (Wernicke's) (60 controls, 35 @entity1 ); (2) a variant left dominant pattern with greater activation in IFG, @entity75 , and right cerebellum (three controls, 15 @entity1 ); and (3) activation in the right counterparts of the first pattern in Broca's area (one control, eight @entity1 ). @entity1 were over represented in Groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.0004). There were no scanner (P = 0.4) or site effects (P = 0.6). Our data-driven method for fMRI activation pattern separation is independent of a priori notions and bias inherent in region of interest and visual analyses. In addition to the anticipated atypical right dominant activation pattern, a sub-pattern was identified that involved intensity and extent differences of activation within the distributed left hemisphere language processing network. These findings suggest a different, perhaps less efficient, cognitive strategy for LRE group to perform the task.

title: Sub-patterns of language network reorganization in pediatric localization related XXXX : a multisite study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['left inferior frontal gyrus', 'mesial left frontal lobe']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: This report describes the association between the intracellular fate of @entity1 recombinant interferon-gamma ( @entity3692 ) and the induction of enhanced numbers of Fc receptors and an antiproliferative effect in the @entity1 monocyte-like cell line, U937. Full receptor occupancy of Bolton-Hunter labeled 125I- @entity3692 occurred within 10 min at 37 degrees C. However, only 50% of those molecules bound were internalized within 30 min. Residency of @entity3692 within the cell was 60-120 min. Eventually, 60-70% of those molecules initially bound to the cell were completely degraded within monensin-sensitive compartments of the cell as measured by the presence of @entity2804 -soluble radioactivity in the medium. Exposure of @entity3692 to cell extracts resulted in a shift in its pI from 8 to 6, presumably due to proteolytic cleavage of @entity1473 -terminal basic @entity1522 . A single brief exposure (5-15 min) of U937 cells to @entity3692 resulted in enhanced numbers of receptors for the Fc portion of 125I-IgG1 as measured 24 hr later. Eighty percent of a maximal Fc receptor response occurred at only 30% receptor occupancy (50 U/ml). In contrast, repeated daily exposure of U937 cells to moderate concentrations of @entity3692 (125-250 U/ml) was necessary to induce an antiproliferative effect. These data suggest that a given response of the cell to @entity3692 may require different intensities of the signal. This may reflect the overall complexity of the response generated.

title: Internalization and degradation of @entity1 recombinant interferon-gamma in the XXXX histiocytic lymphoma cell line, U937: relationship to Fc receptor enhancement and antiproliferation.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2804 :: ('MESH:D014238', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to compare the perioperative and long-term oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) and open liver resection (OLR) for @entity157 ( @entity157 ) in case-controlled @entity1 groups using the propensity score. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between January 2005 and February 2013, 292 @entity1 underwent surgical resection for @entity157 . Of these, 202 @entity1 who underwent surgical resection for initial treatment for a single mass were enrolled. These @entity1 were divided into two groups according to the method of operation: the @entity3813 group ( @entity1 who underwent LLR) and the Open group ( @entity1 who underwent OLR). To correct different demographic and clinical factors in the two groups, propensity score matching was used at a 1:1 ratio, and, finally, 102 @entity1 were enrolled in this study, 51 @entity1 in each group. Preoperative characteristics, perioperative results, and long-term results were retrospectively analyzed based on the prospectively recorded database. RESULTS: Preoperative baseline variables were well balanced in both groups. There were no differences of extent of surgery and rate of anatomical resection between the two groups. With the exception of a shorter postoperative hospital stay in the @entity3813 group than that of the Open group (8.2 days versus 12.3 days; P=.004), there were no significant differences in perioperative, pathological, and long-term outcomes. The 5-year overall survival rates were 80.1% in the @entity3813 group and 85.7% in the Open group, respectively (P=.173). The 5-year disease-free survival rates were 67.8% in the @entity3813 group and 54.8% in the Open group, respectively (P=.519). CONCLUSIONS: LLR for @entity157 is safe, and long-term oncologic outcomes in selected @entity1 were comparable to those who underwent OLR.

title: A propensity score-matched case-control comparative study of laparoscopic and open liver resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['single hepatocellular carcinoma', 'HCC']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gastric bypass results in the rapid resolution of type 2 @entity6 . No causal evidence exists to link specific gut hormone changes with improvements in @entity413 homeostasis post-operatively. We hypothesized that surgical augmentation of the glucoregulatory factor @entity15212 would improve @entity413 tolerance in @entity6 GK @entity35 . We compared two procedures that increase distal small bowel stimulation, ileal interposition (IT), and duodenal-jejunal exclusion (DJE). METHODS: DJE, IT, DJE Sham, or IT Sham were performed in GK @entity35 . @entity413 tolerance was tested at 4 and 6 weeks, the latter with and without Exendin-[9-39], a @entity17121 antagonist. Small bowel segments were harvested for @entity15212 protein content 2 weeks after DJE or Sham surgery. RESULTS: Despite similar weight profiles, a significant improvement in the OGTT was noted at 4 weeks after DJE and IT. Plasma @entity15212 levels were significantly elevated after DJE and IT. Intestinal @entity15212 was increased in the mid-jejunum and ileum after DJE. Exendin-[9-39] abolished the improvement in @entity413 tolerance after DJE. CONCLUSIONS: DJE increased @entity15212 secretion and improved @entity413 tolerance, an effect that was reversed by @entity17121 antagonism. This study provides direct evidence that improvement of @entity413 tolerance following a gastric bypass-like surgery is mediated by enhanced @entity15212 action.

title: Duodenal-jejunal exclusion improves @entity413 tolerance in the @entity6 , Goto-Kakizaki @entity35 by a XXXX -mediated mechanism.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity17121 :: (25051(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['GLP-1 receptor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the epidemiology, style of management, and outcome of intensive care @entity1 with @entity810 requiring replacement therapy in Australia. DESIGN: Prospective epidemiologic study. SETTING: Australian adult intensive care units providing acute renal replacement therapy. @entity1 : Adult intensive care @entity1 with @entity810 treated with renal replacement therapy. INTERVENTIONS: Demographic and clinical data collection for 3 months. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A standardized data collection form for each case of severe @entity810 was used to collect demographic, biochemical, clinical, and outcome data. Severe @entity810 affected 299 @entity1 (approximately eight cases per 100,000 adults per year). Among these @entity1 , 99 (33.1%) had @entity8 , 238 (79.6%) needed mechanical ventilation, and 232 (77.6%) needed continuous vasoactive drug administration. Critical care physicians controlled @entity1 care and renal replacement therapy in 289 cases (96.7%). Critical care nurses performed such therapy alone in 288 (96.3%) cases. Continuous renal replacement therapy was used in 292 (97.7%) @entity1 . There was no nephrological input in 173 (57.8%) cases. Predicted mortality rates were 52.1% by Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, 49.5% by Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, and 51.9% by an @entity810 -specific score. Actual mortality rate was 46.8%. Only 25 (15.7%) @entity1 were dialysis-dependent at hospital discharge. Of these @entity1 , 20 (80%) had premorbid chronic @entity8 . CONCLUSION: In Australia, critical care physicians and nurses manage severe @entity810 with limited consultative nephrological input. Renal replacement therapy is continuous and outcomes are satisfactory. Our findings support the view that this approach to management of severe @entity810 is safe.

title: Epidemiology, management, and outcome of severe XXXX of critical illness in Australia.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired baseline renal function', 'impairment of renal function']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute renal failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Collagen VI-related disorders are a group of @entity121 characterized by @entity2057 and @entity425 , @entity1159 , distal laxity, serious @entity1576 and cutaneous alterations, due to mutations in the @entity16583 , @entity15029 and @entity15317 genes, encoding for collagen VI, a critical component of the extracellular matrix. The severe @entity3986 ( @entity3986 ) can be due to autosomal recessive mutations in one of the three genes with a related 25% recurrence risk. In the majority of @entity3986 cases nevertheless, the underlying mutation is thought to arise de novo and the recurrence risk is considered as low. METHODS AND RESULTS: Here we report a family with recurrence of @entity3986 in two half-sibs. In both, the molecular analysis revealed heterozygosity for the @entity58875 missense mutation in @entity16583 exon 10 ( @entity58876 ) and for the @entity16583 @entity58877 variation within @entity16583 intron 29. The intronic variation was inherited from the father and RNA analysis in skin fibroblasts allowed to exclude its role in affecting @entity16583 transcript processing. The @entity58876 mutation occurred apparently de novo in the two sibs. CONCLUSION: The described mutational segregation strongly suggests the occurrence of paternal germline mosaicism. This is the first report of @entity3986 recurrence due to a germline mosaic COL6 gene mutation. Mosaicism deserves to be considered as possible inheritance pattern in genetic counseling and recurrence risk estimation in collagen VI-related diseases.

title: Paternal germline mosaicism in collagen VI related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['UCMD', 'Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['joint contractures']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle wasting']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscular diseases']

entities_list: @entity58876 :: ('p|SUB|G|299|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Gly299Glu']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['myopathies']


abstract: Seasonal rhythm of @entity2704 attacks may support a role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus in the pathophysiology of @entity2704 . The objective of this study was to provide evidence for seasonal variation in @entity2704 . Eighty-nine female migraineurs volunteered to record every @entity2704 attack in detail for 12 consecutive months. Attacks associated with @entity25 were defined as @entity22 -related. By using Edwards' model for recognition and estimation of cyclic trends, time-series analysis was made. Fifty-eight @entity1 , of which 26 had @entity5330 (MO) and 32 had @entity2795 ( @entity2795 ), completed the study. A total of 1840 attacks were recorded. The mean age +/- SD was 36.9 +/- 6.0. @entity1 with a lifetime history of @entity2795 showed marked seasonal fluctuation with more attacks in the light season compared to the dark. Time of peak was May 21. Peak/low ratio was 1.30 (95% CI: 1.08-1.55). When @entity22 (n = 312) were removed the seasonal variation became insignificant. There is a seasonal trend with more @entity2704 attacks in the light season compared to the dark season in females with @entity2795 , but not MO, living in an arctic area. This is caused by the seasonal variation of @entity22 in @entity1 with @entity2795 .

title: Circannual periodicity of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['MA', 'migraine with aura']

entities_list: @entity5330 :: ('MESH:D020326', 'Disease') :: ['migraine without aura']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep complaints']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia', 'insomnia-related attacks']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['migraine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although several @entity7646 antibiotics are proarrhythmic and associated with an increased risk of @entity1164 , @entity4580 is thought to have minimal @entity1370 . However, published reports of @entity943 suggest that @entity4580 may increase the risk of @entity65 . METHODS: We studied a Tennessee Medicaid cohort designed to detect an increased risk of @entity204 related to short-term cardiac effects of medication, excluding @entity1 with serious @entity221 and @entity1 -time during and shortly after hospitalization. The cohort included @entity1 who took @entity4580 (347,795 prescriptions), propensity-score-matched @entity1 who took no antibiotics (1,391,180 control periods), and @entity1 who took @entity115 (1,348,672 prescriptions), @entity2177 (264,626 prescriptions), or @entity800 (193,906 prescriptions). RESULTS: During 5 days of therapy, @entity1 taking @entity4580 , as compared with those who took no antibiotics, had an increased risk of @entity65 (hazard ratio, 2.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.79 to 4.63; P<0.001) and @entity204 from any cause (hazard ratio, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.25 to 2.75; P=0.002). @entity1 who took @entity115 had no increase in the risk of @entity204 during this period. Relative to @entity115 , @entity4580 was associated with an increased risk of @entity65 (hazard ratio, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.38 to 4.50; P=0.002) and @entity204 from any cause (hazard ratio, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.24 to 3.30; P=0.005), with an estimated 47 additional @entity65 @entity307 million courses; @entity1 in the highest decile of risk for @entity65 had an estimated 245 additional @entity65 @entity307 million courses. The risk of @entity65 was significantly greater with @entity4580 than with @entity2177 but did not differ significantly from that with @entity800 . CONCLUSIONS: During 5 days of @entity4580 therapy, there was a small absolute increase in @entity65 , which was most pronounced among @entity1 with a high baseline risk of @entity65 . (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research Centers for Education and Research on Therapeutics.).

title: @entity4580 and the risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'persons', 'person']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity7646 :: ('CHEBI:25106', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolide']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['noncardiovascular illness']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular deaths', 'cardiovascular death', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity191 have higher hospital admission rates than the general population. We examined the reasons for admission, length of stay, costs, and in-hospital mortality in a national sample of @entity191 @entity1 . METHODS: We used hospital admission data from the English Hospital Episodes Statistics database (2009-2013). @entity1 with @entity191 or @entity191 @entity303 and aged over 35 years were compared to all other admissions, excluding the above, with the same age criteria. We examined reasons for admissions (ICD-10), length of stay and in-hospital mortality. We used indirect standardisation and Poisson modelling to derive proportional ratios adjusting for age group and sex. RESULTS: There were 324,055 @entity191 admissions in 182,859 @entity1 over 4 years which included 232,905 non-elective admissions (72%). This resulted in expenditure of   907 million (  777 million for non-elective admissions). The main reasons for admission were @entity55 (13.5%), motor decline (9.4%), @entity293 (9.2%), and @entity173 (4.3%). These conditions occurred 1.5 to 2.6 times more frequently in @entity1 than controls. @entity1 with @entity191 were almost twice as likely to stay in hospital for more than 3 months (ratio 1.90, 95% CI 1.83, 1.97) and even more likely die in hospital (ratio 2.46, 95% CI 2.42, 2.49). CONCLUSIONS: @entity191 @entity1 in England have higher rates of emergency admissions with longer hospital stays, higher costs and in-hospital mortality. Urgent attention should be given to developing cost-effective interventions to reduce the burden of hospitalisation for @entity1 , carers and healthcare systems.

title: Measuring the burden and mortality of hospitalisation in XXXX : A cross-sectional analysis of the English Hospital Episodes Statistics database 2009-2013.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: The role of opioid peptides in the secretion of @entity398 (OT) and @entity57327 (PRL) induced by sucking was studied in @entity1237 . Seven @entity1237 were isolated with their kids (four singletons and three twins) in individual corrals 3-4 weeks after parturition. On day 1 of the experiment, the kids were separated from the does for 7 h and were weighed before and 15 min after being reunited with their mothers to assess the amount of milk obtained by sucking. The does were blood-sampled 10 min before and at the end of the sucking period. On day 2, a similar protocol was followed, but @entity1510 was given immediately after the first blood sample. On day 3, the protocol was repeated but saline vehicle was injected instead of @entity1510 . On day 5, the @entity1510 experiment was repeated as on day 2. Milk ejection was evaluated as the difference in the weight of the kids before and after sucking for 15 min, and the maternal serum levels of OT and PRL were measured by radioimmunoassay. A significant decrease in the @entity1017 of the kids was obtained when the mothers were treated with @entity1510 on day 2. Consistently, serum levels of OT and PRL induced by sucking were significantly reduced; indicating that sucking-induced OT secretion for milk ejection in lactating @entity1237 is facilitated by opioid peptides. In a second experiment performed in the same animals 10 days later, the administration of OT, immediately after @entity1510 administration, prevented the decrease in the @entity1017 induced by @entity1510 , suggesting that the effect of the opioid antagonist on milk ejection in @entity1237 is a result of a reduced OT secretion. The results of this study confirm the importance of sucking-induced OT secretion for milk ejection in lactating @entity1237 , and indicate that OT and PRL secretion are regulated by opioid peptides in this species.

title: Participation of opioid peptides in sucking-induced @entity398 and @entity57327 secretions in lactating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate clinical determinants of neurological worsening and to delineate its predictors. DESIGN: Restrospective analysis of the data from the Lausanne @entity64 Registry. @entity1 : A total of 3038 @entity1 with first-ever @entity64 consecutively admitted to a primary-care @entity64 center. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Neurological worsening in the acute phase of @entity64 . RESULTS: Neurological worsening was observed in 38% of 300 @entity1 with @entity932 , 34% of 1968 @entity1 with @entity1188 , and 15% of 770 @entity1 with @entity1188 (P<.001). Neurological worsening was significantly less frequent in @entity1 with @entity455 than in those with large-artery @entity731 or other causes. A logistic multiple regression model in @entity1 with @entity1188 showed age less than 65 years, @entity101 , lesion outside the superficial anterior circulation, absence of transient @entity63 attack, and reduced level of consciousness as the independent factors in the @entity1 with @entity455 , while it showed involvement of the posterior circulation and reduced level of consciousness in the @entity1 with large-artery @entity731 . Severe functional disability or @entity204 was more common in @entity1 with neurological worsening, both in @entity1 with large-artery @entity731 and in those with @entity455 (18% vs 9%; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Determinants of neurological worsening may include causative aspects rather than just the evolution of the @entity63 or hemorrhagic process itself. For a better comprehension and treatment of neurological worsening, the causative and pathophysiological conditions underlying @entity64 should be differentiated as early as possible.

title: Different predictors of neurological worsening in different causes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['small-artery disease']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['brain hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['cardioembolic infarction', 'noncardioembolic infarction']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The objective of this study was to review published reports on the epidemiology of primary @entity1313 in adults and present the body of knowledge related to these @entity5 in Great Britain and Ireland. A literature search of all published epidemiological data on @entity1313 was conducted in Pre-Medline, Medline, Embase and the Cochrane databases from 1966 to the present. A hand search of all the references alluded to was conducted and older studies identified. The articles were reviewed and tabulated. The papers were subjected to descriptive analysis. Information available to the public and held with the @entity5 Registries was reviewed, and cross-referenced with published evidence. To our knowledge, only seven papers have discussed the epidemiology of primary @entity1313 in adults. The different methodology of the population-based studies of @entity1313 and the different time periods they investigated makes them incomparable. Two papers with comprehensive and detailed strategies for case ascertainment have both recorded @entity5 incidences of 21 per 100,000 @entity1 years. The results of the better studies are at variance with reports from the @entity5 Registries. On the basis of the current studies, @entity5 Registries appear to under-estimate the incidence of such @entity5 in adults. It is apparent that a significant number of @entity5 especially benign varieties are not recorded by some @entity5 Registries. The previous estimates, patterns of incidence, prevalence, and survival of @entity1313 in Great Britain and Ireland, may thus be incorrect. Patterns of primary @entity1313 in adults have not been widely reported in GB and Ireland and the aetiology remains largely unknown. The need for current estimation of geographical and secular variations was identified. This demands closer co-operation between medical and allied staff, and the @entity5 Registries. Prospective regional studies of incidence patterns and up to date epidemiological appraisal is deemed necessary. Meanwhile, @entity5 Registries should seriously consider the inclusion of all primary @entity1313 in their database.

title: Epidemiology of adult XXXX in Great Britain and Ireland.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'Cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumours']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumours']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infectious @entity66 remain a major threat to attaining food security and are a source of economic and livelihood losses for @entity1 dependent on livestock for their livelihood. @entity166 that account for the majority of @entity204 is crucial in determining disease control strategies and in the allocation of limited funds available for disease control. Here we have estimated the mortality rates in @entity7040 raised in a smallholder mixed farming system during their first year of life, identified the periods of increased risk of @entity204 and the risk factors for @entity291 mortality, and through analysis of post-mortem data, determined the aetiologies of @entity291 mortality in this population. A longitudinal cohort study of 548 @entity7040 was conducted between 2007 and 2010. Each @entity291 was followed during its first year of life or until lost from the study. @entity291 were randomly selected from 20 sub-locations and recruited within a week of birth from different farms over a 45 km radius area centered on Busia in the Western part of Kenya. The data comprised of 481.1 @entity291 years of observation. Clinical examinations, sample collection and analysis were carried out at 5 week intervals, from birth until one year old. Cox proportional hazard models with frailty terms were used for the statistical analysis of risk factors. A standardized post-mortem examination was conducted on all animals that died during the study and appropriate samples collected. RESULTS: The all-cause mortality rate was estimated at 16.1 (13.0-19.2; 95% CI) per 100 @entity291 years at risk. The Cox models identified high infection intensity with Theileria spp., the most lethal of which causes East @entity221 , @entity281 as measured by Strongyle spp. eggs per gram of faeces as the three important @entity281 statistically associated with @entity166 mortality in these @entity291 . Analysis of post-mortem data identified East Coast Fever as the main cause of @entity204 accounting for 40% of all @entity204 , haemonchosis 12% and @entity52188 7%. CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate the impact of @entity4801 in indigenous animals expected to be well adapted against disease pressures. Additionally, agreement between results of Cox models using data from simple diagnostic procedures and results from post-mortem analysis underline the potential use such diagnostic data to reduce @entity291 mortality. The control strategies for the identified @entity166 have been discussed.

title: Mortality in East African shorthorn XXXX under one year: predictors of @entity166 mortality.

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['Calves', 'calf', 'calves']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['livestock diseases']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['Coast Fever disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection with Trypanosome spp., and helminth infections', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity52188 :: ('MESH:D006357', 'Disease') :: ['heartwater disease']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['endemic parasitic diseases']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases', 'infectious disease', 'Knowledge of the vital infectious diseases']

answer: @entity7040 :: (9915,Species) :: ['zebu cattle']


abstract: From January 1980 to February 1991, computed tomography (CT) images of 39 @entity1 with @entity3123 who had undergone surgery at the National @entity5 Center Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. The average age of the @entity1 was 63.0 years (the range was from 45 to 78), with 19 males and 20 females. The histopathological diagnosis was @entity420 in 35 cases, @entity4937 in 2 and other diagnoses in 2. The @entity5 was located at the head of the pancreas in 25 cases and at the body and/or tail in 12. In the remaining 2 cases, the @entity5 was at the head and body in one, and at the whole pancreas in the other. The CT images were compared with the histopathological findings, and four parameters were determined to establish the histological characterization of @entity3123 in CT: density (plain CT, CE-CT) characteristics, margin of the @entity5 , and delayed contrast enhancement. CT findings such as irregular margin and heterogeneous characteristics of the @entity5 were associated with the macroscopic type of cut surface and INF. The infiltrative cancerous extension was especially reflective of the margin irregularity of the @entity5 on CE-CT. On the delayed CT scan performed on 9 @entity1 , the low density @entity5 on early contrast enhanced CT became isodense with the surrounding parenchyma. According to these findings, the possibility exists that delayed contrast enhancement relate to fibrous tissue. In conclusion, there was a good correlation between CT images and histopathological findings related to @entity3123 .

title: [A comparative study of histopathological findings and CT images related to XXXX . An attempt at diagnosis in tissue characterization by CT].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinomas', 'pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity4937 :: ('MESH:D000231', 'Disease') :: ['papillary adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['tubular adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3123 :: (MESH:C562463,Disease) :: ['pancreatic carcinomas']


abstract: Primary @entity149 carries a good prognosis because of their radiosensitivity. Recurrence is rare and extraneural @entity3 are even more unusual. We report a unique case of a primary @entity932 exhibiting complete response to radiotherapy, but recurring as an intra-abdominal yolk sac @entity5 . The presence of a @entity3548 shunt is thought to have facilitated metastatic spread of the @entity1313 . An 21-year-old (corrected) male was admitted with @entity10 and @entity1662 disturbance. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an enhanced @entity5 of the pineal region and @entity1276 . A ventriculo-peritoneal shunt was emplaced immediately. No serum @entity5 markers such as @entity160 or @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin were detectable. A test dose of radiotherapy (whole brain 20Gy) was given. The @entity5 size was remarkably decreased. Clinical diagnosis was @entity3438 . Additional whole brain radiation (total 45Gy) and whole spine radiation (20Gy) were given. The @entity5 and the @entity1276 regressed completely and the @entity1 returned to school. Three years later, he experienced a feeling of abdominal fullness. CT and echotomography of the abdomen showed a large peritoneal and @entity99 . But MRI revealed no recurrent @entity979 or of the other areas in the central nervous system. Radiological and clinical findings showed no @entity5 in the testis, the retroperitoneal cavity, or the thymus. Laboratory investigation demonstrated elevated serum @entity160 (26,550 ng/ml). @entity160 level regressed after combined chemotherapy. However, the @entity1 died due to @entity55 and @entity881 . Only needle necropsy was performed. The microscopic appearance of the peritoneal @entity5 was confirmed to be an @entity2970 . It was suspected to be a @entity3 of the @entity979 through the V-P shunt system.

title: [Extraneural XXXX of @entity979 through a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, following histological change].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial germinoma']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity979 :: ('MESH:D010871', 'Disease') :: ['pineal tumor', 'tumor of the pineal lesion']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2970 :: ('MESH:D018240', 'Disease') :: ['endodermal sinus tumor']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['germinoma of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastasis']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['intra-hepatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity3438 :: ('MESH:D018237', 'Disease') :: ['germinoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: @entity189 ( @entity189 ) is a radiosensitive and chemosensitive @entity5 . The aim of this prospective study is to evaluate the @entity137 and efficacy of an outpatient weekly neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NeoCT) plus radiotherapy for advanced @entity189 . From November 1998 to August 2001, 90 @entity189 @entity1 meeting the following criteria were treated: (1) neck node >6 cm; (2) supraclavicular node @entity3 ; (3) skull base destruction/intracranial invasion plus multiple nodes @entity3 ; (4) multiple neck nodes @entity3 with one of nodal size >4 cm; or (5) elevated serum LDH level. The NeoCT consists of @entity900 60 mg m(-2), alternating with @entity1487 2500 mg m(-2) plus leucovorin 250 mg m(-2) ( @entity1383 ) by an outpatient weekly schedule for a total of 10 weeks. Local radiotherapy > or =70 Gy by conventional fractionation was delivered within 1 week after NeoCT. @entity1 compliance was rather good. Grade 3-4 @entity137 of NeoCT included leucopaenia (7.8%), @entity417 (18.9%), thrombocytopaenia (3.3%), @entity390 / @entity391 (4.4%), and @entity353 (1.1%). Response evaluated after NeoCT showed 73.3% complete response (CR) rate of primary @entity5 , 71.1% CR rate of neck nodes, and an overall CR rate of 57.8%. In all, 88 out of 90 @entity1 received rebiopsy of primary @entity5 and 55 @entity1 (62.5%) revealed pathological CR. After a median follow-up time of 24 months, one persistent disease and 18 relapses were noted. The 2-year nasopharynx disease-free, neck disease-free, distant disease-free, overall, and progression-free survival rates are 98.9, 95.9, 80.0, 92.1, and 77.5%, respectively. Preliminary data of the current study show that @entity1383 NeoCT plus radiotherapy is a low-toxic regimen with promising results on very advanced @entity189 @entity1 and merits to be investigated in phase III trials.

title: Outpatient weekly neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy for advanced XXXX : high complete response and low @entity137 rates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Methoxychlor, an organochlorine pesticide, is thought to be an endocrine disrupter that affects Ca      homeostasis and cell viability in different cell models. This study explored the action of methoxychlor on cytosolic free Ca      concentrations ([Ca     ]i) and apoptosis in HA59T @entity1 @entity157 cells. @entity593 , a Ca     -sensitive fluorescent dye, was applied to measure [Ca     ]i. Methoxychlor at concentrations of 0.1-1  M caused a [Ca     ]i rise in a concentration-dependent manner. Removal of external Ca      abolished methoxychlor's effect. Methoxychlor-induced Ca      influx was confirmed by Mn     -induced quench of @entity593 fluorescence. Methoxychlor-induced Ca      entry was inhibited by nifedipine, econazole, SK_F96365, and protein kinase C modulators. Methoxychlor killed cells at concentrations of 10-130  M in a concentration-dependent fashion. Chelation of cytosolic Ca      with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid/AM (BAPTA/AM) did not prevent methoxychlor's @entity137 . Methoxychlor (10 and 50  M) induced apoptosis concentration-dependently as determined by using @entity4404 /propidium iodide staining. Together, in HA59T cells, methoxychlor induced a [Ca     ]i rise by inducing Ca      entry via protein kinase C-sensitive Ca     -permeable channels, without causing Ca      release from stores. Methoxychlor also induced apoptosis that was independent of [Ca     ]i rises.

title: Effect of Methoxychlor on Ca      Homeostasis and Apoptosis in HA59T XXXX @entity157 Cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Functional attributes of recombinant CtCBM35 (family 35 @entity1735 binding module) of b-mannanase of family 26 Glycoside Hydrolase from @entity20423 were deduced by biochemical and in silico approaches. Ligand-binding analysis of expressed CtCBM35 analyzed by affinity-gel electrophoresis and fluorescence spectroscopy exhibited association constants Ka ~ 1.2  10(5)  and 3.0  10(5)  M(-1) with locust bean galactomannan and @entity60934 , respectively. However, CtCBM35 showed low ligand-binding affinity with insoluble ivory nut mannan with Ka of 5.0  10(-5)  M(-1). Unfolding transition analysis by fluorescence spectroscopy explained the conformational changes of CtCBM35 in the presence of @entity2097 (5 M) and @entity1133 (6.25  M). This explained that CtCBM35 has good conformational stability and requires higher free energy of denaturation to invoke unfolding. The three-dimensional (3-D) model of CtCBM35 from @entity20423 generated by Modeller9v8 displayed predominance of b-sheets arranged as b-jelly-roll fold. The secondary structure of CtCBM35 by PredictProtein showed the presence of two a-helices (3%), 12 b-sheets (45%), and 15 random coils (52%). Secondary structural element analysis of cloned, expressed, and purified recombinant CtCBM35 by circular dichroism also corroborated the in silico predicted secondary structure. Multiple sequence alignment of CtCBM35 showed conserved residues (Tyr123, @entity4022 124, and @entity815 125), which are commonly observed in mannan specific CBMs. Docking analysis of CtCBM35 with manno-oligosaccharide displayed the involvement of Tyr26, @entity7647 29, @entity2734 43, Trp66, Tyr68, Leu69, @entity534 76, and Leu127 residues, making polar contact with the ligand molecules. Ligand docking analysis of CtCBM35 exhibiting higher binding affinity with @entity60934 and @entity8319 ( @entity1 -Gal- @entity1 moiety) substantiated the affinity binding and fluorescence results, displaying similar values of Ka.

title: Structure and functional investigation of ligand binding by a family 35 XXXX binding module (CtCBM35) of b-mannanase of family 26 glycoside hydrolase from @entity20423 .

entities_list: @entity20423 :: ('1515', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium thermocellum', 'C. thermocellum']

entities_list: @entity8319 :: ('MESH:C012990', 'Chemical') :: ['galactomannan']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity60934 :: ('MESH:C023872', 'Chemical') :: ['mannotriose']

entities_list: @entity2097 :: ('MESH:D019791', 'Chemical') :: ['guanidine hydrochloride']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: @entity79 ( @entity79 ) measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) techniques is the current gold standard for @entity3604 risk prediction. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) techniques in transmission measurements are, however, increasingly recognized as an alternative approach. It is feasible to select different QUS methods, one type being optimized to assess microarchitectural properties of bone structure and another to assess @entity79 . Broadband ultrasonic attenuation (BUA) and ultrasonic velocity (UV) measured on the proximal @entity1 femur have been shown to be both significantly correlated with @entity79 . However, a great diversity of algorithms has been reported to measure the time-of-flight used to derive UV values. The purpose of this study was to determine which procedure results in the optimal @entity79 prediction at the proximal femur from ultrasound measurements. Thirty-eight excised @entity1 femurs were measured in transmission with a pair of focused 0.5-MHz central frequency transducers. Two-dimensional scans were performed and radiofrequency (RF) signals were recorded digitally at each scan position. BUA was estimated and eight different signal processing techniques were performed to estimate UV. For each signal-processing technique UV was compared to @entity79 . We show that the best prediction of @entity79 was obtained with signal-processing techniques taking into account only the first part of the transmitted signal (r2BMD-SOS = 0.86). Moreover, we show that a linear multiple regression using both BUA and speed of sound (SOS) and applied to site-matched regions of interest improved the accuracy of @entity79 predictions (r2BMD-SOS/BUA = 0.95). Our results demonstrate that selecting specific signal-processing methods for QUS variables allows optimal assessment of @entity79 . Correlation is sufficiently high that this specific QUS method can be considered as a good surrogate of @entity79 .

title: Optimal prediction of bone mineral density with ultrasonic measurements in excised XXXX femur.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fracture']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['BMD', 'Bone mineral density']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: During radical prostatectomy for @entity263 at the surgical margin is a relatively frequent finding. We summarize the literature on the incidence, etiology, location, prevention and treatment of positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The literature was reviewed for data on positive margins during radical prostatectomy for @entity263 . RESULTS: Positive surgical margins may result from artifacts induced by tissue processing, incising inadvertently into the prostate or incising into @entity5 that has extended beyond the limits of resection. @entity1 with 10 ng./ml. or greater preoperative @entity1486 , biopsy Gleason score 7, multiple positive biopsies, or clinical stage T2b, T2c or T3 @entity5 have a higher risk of positive margins. Preoperative endorectal magnetic resonance imaging may be useful in staging a select group of @entity1 . Neoadjuvant @entity342 deprivation reduces the incidence of positive margins but does not appear to delay progression or improve survival. The surgical approach, retropubic or perineal, may influence the location and etiology of positive margins. In general, nerve and @entity1494 sparing procedures do not compromise @entity5 removal in appropriately selected @entity1 . Positive margins increase the risk of progression and correlate with @entity5 specific and overall survival. There is no consensus on the management of positive margins. External beam radiation and @entity342 deprivation may be administered as adjuvant therapy or at the time of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 at the specimen edge is an adverse prognostic factor. With appropriate @entity1 selection and meticulous surgical technique some positive margins can be prevented. Controlled prospective randomized studies of postoperative therapy are needed before definitive recommendations can be made for treating positive margins.

title: Incidence, etiology, location, prevention and treatment of positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer tumor', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'extraprostatic tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'decreased cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: MicroRNAs are short regulatory RNAs that play crucial roles in @entity5 development and progression. @entity57337 ( @entity57337 ) is downregulated in many @entity1 @entity5 , and increasing evidence indicates that it functions as a @entity5 suppressor. However, the role of @entity57337 in @entity421 remains unclear. Expression levels of @entity57337 in @entity421 cell lines and @entity1 tissues were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and the clinicopathological significance of the resultant data was later analyzed. Next, we investigated the role of @entity57337 to determine its potential roles on @entity421 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. A luciferase reporter assay was conducted to confirm the target gene of @entity57337 , and the results were validated in the @entity421 cell line. In this study, we found that @entity57337 was downregulated in @entity421 cell lines and @entity421 tissues compared with normal osteoblast cell line NHOst and paired adjacent nontumor tissue. We found that a lower expression of @entity57337 was associated with @entity3 . In @entity421 cells, overexpression of @entity57337 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In contrast, downregulation of @entity57337 expression promoted @entity421 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Next, we identified that the @entity540 gene is a novel direct target of @entity57337 in @entity421 cells. Moreover, enforced expression of @entity540 partially reversed the inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion that was caused by @entity57337 . Our study demonstrated that @entity57337 might be a @entity5 suppressor in @entity421 via the regulation of @entity540 , which provided a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.

title: miRNA-646 @entity421 cell @entity3 by downregulating XXXX ( @entity540 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity540 :: (2247,Gene) :: ['fibroblast growth factor 2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little attention has been afforded to the potential adverse sequelae of withholding anticoagulation therapy in a @entity1 after neuraxial interventions. OBJECTIVE: Presenting a case of @entity64 in a @entity1 after holding @entity1229 for a lumbar epidural @entity134 injection, previously unreported in published literature. The discussion that follows reviews the guidelines available to reduce the risk of @entity1031 in anticoagulated @entity1 in the periprocedural period. CASE REPORT: An 81-year-old female with @entity158 secondary to @entity612 had been seen on 5 previous occasions for lumbar epidural @entity134 injections. Prior to each procedure @entity1229 was held for 5-7 days with demonstrable reversal of anticoagulation to within the safe limits set for neuraxial techniques by the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and @entity158 Medicine. On the morning following the sixth injection the @entity1 was admitted to the hospital for new onset slurred speech and left-sided @entity1269 . A computed tomography scan established an acute, localized @entity1188 in the distribution of the right middle cerebral artery. Her symptoms were non-reversible and permanent. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1031 is a potentially devastating complication associated with @entity955 . Twenty percent of @entity1031 in @entity1 with @entity955 are fatal, and greater than 50% result in @entity2319 . While @entity1031 following a brief period of normalization of coagulation for interventions appear rare, so is the incidence of @entity4282 . Considering the high mortality and permanent rate of disability with @entity1031 associated with @entity955 , perhaps it is time to balance our focus on the complications of withholding anticoagulation with those of @entity548 .

title: @entity64 : a rare complication associated with peri-procedural management of an epidural XXXX injection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic stroke']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['epidural hematomas']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['permanent disability']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['Thromboembolism', 'thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: Genetic factors are important in all forms of @entity303 , especially in early onset @entity303 . The frequency of major gene defects in @entity303 has not been investigated in the Netherlands. Furthermore, whether the recently in a @entity4943 family identified @entity61484 gene is associated with an @entity195 ( @entity195 ) like phenotype, has not been studied. With this study, we aimed to investigate the mutation frequency of the major @entity195 and @entity4943 genes and the @entity61484 gene in a well-defined Dutch cohort of @entity1 with early onset @entity303 . Mutation analysis of the genes @entity3666 , @entity477 , @entity3668 , @entity21864 , @entity3301 and @entity61484 was performed on DNA of 229 @entity1 with the clinical diagnosis @entity195 and 74 @entity1 with the clinical diagnosis @entity4943 below the age of 70  years. @entity3666 and @entity477 mutations were found in, respectively 3.5 and 0.4  % of @entity195 @entity1 , and none in @entity4943 @entity1 . @entity3301 repeat expansions were present in 0.4  % of @entity195 and in 9.9  % of @entity4943 @entity1 , whereas @entity3668 and @entity21864 mutations both were present in 0.4  % in @entity195 @entity1 , and in 1.4  % resp. 2.7  % in @entity4943 @entity1 . We did not find any pathogenic mutations in the @entity61484 gene. @entity3666 mutations are the most common genetic cause in Dutch @entity195 @entity1 , whereas @entity3668 and @entity21864 mutations were found in less than 5 percent. @entity3301 repeat expansions were the most common @entity74 in @entity4943 @entity1 . No pathogenic @entity61484 mutations were found in the early onset @entity195 and @entity4943 @entity1 of our study.

title: Mutation frequency of @entity61484 and the major @entity303 genes in a Dutch early onset XXXX cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defect']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Continuous thoracic epidural @entity1337 is considered by many the gold standard for post-thoracotomy @entity158 control but is associated with its own complications. In this study we compare continuous paravertebral extrapleural to epidural infusion for post-thoracotomy @entity158 control. METHODS: In a prospective fashion, 50 @entity1 were randomized to receive either paravertebral or epidural infusion for post-thoracotomy @entity158 control. The anesthesia department placed epidurals, and the operative surgeon placed unilateral paravertebral catheters. @entity1 were evaluated for analgesic efficacy and @entity260 . RESULTS: We found that both methods of @entity1337 provide adequate @entity282 control. Epidural infusion demonstrated an improved efficacy early in the postoperative course but provided statistically similar @entity1337 to paravertebral by postoperative day 2. Neither group demonstrated a greater number of @entity158 . Narcotic-induced complications such as @entity111 , @entity390 / @entity391 , and postural @entity551 /mental status changes/ @entity1576 were seen with statistically similar frequency in both epidural and paravertebral arms. Urinary retention, however, was noted to be significantly more frequent in @entity1 with epidural catheters. @entity137 was not observed with either epidural or paravertebral infusion. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend continuous paravertebral infusion as an improved method of post-thoracotomy @entity1337 that can be placed and managed by the surgeon.

title: Continuous paravertebral extrapleural infusion for post-thoracotomy XXXX management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Drug toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-related complications', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Twenty-three @entity1 with advanced NSCLC were treated with high dose chemotherapy using four agents and autologous bone marrow reinfusion. Ten @entity1 received two bolus doses of @entity786 (maximum tolerated total dose 10 G m-2), @entity1260 as a 24 h infusion (11 G m-2) followed by @entity1138 (70 mg m-2) as a subsequent 24 h infusion and mustine as two boluses (total dose 30 mg m-2). Another 13 @entity1 received the same agents except @entity900 was substituted for @entity786 , two doses (total dose 100 mg m-2) being given in a 24 h period. The median time of recovery to greater than or equal to 20,000 platelets was 21 days and of neutropaenia greater than or equal to 500 was 12-15 days. Unusual non-haematological @entity137 e.g. @entity296 , @entity1960 , @entity5501 was not noted, all @entity1 being given regular @entity4259 and other trace elements. Three @entity1 died in the first 2 weeks. There were five complete responses (22%) and 12 partial responses (52%) with four @entity1 (2CR, 2PR) still alive at 27, 48, 73 and 82 weeks. The @entity1 's Karnofsky performance in the @entity900 regimen improved over pretreatment values when compared a month after the end of treatment. The high dose regimen was associated with a high (74%) response rate, but with an overall median survival of only 6 months. The regimen has no advantage over conventional doses with the same agents in @entity1 with metastatic NSCLC.

title: High dose combination chemotherapy with @entity1260 , XXXX or @entity900 , @entity1138 and mustine with autologous bone marrow support in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. A phase I/II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['veno occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A school is generally acknowledged to be a key setting for promoting pupils' health and well-being. METHODS: Data from a cross-sectional questionnaire study conducted with all 10th grade pupils in 46 public schools. @entity308 was defined by a positive score on Hopkin's Symptom Check List-10 (HSCL-10). Two composite variables expressing risk were established: (i) presence of negative factors (PNF), consisting of self-reported pressure to succeed, sexual violation, and exposure to bullying and violence; and (ii) absence of positive factors (APF), comprising respondents' self-reported physical activity, educational aspirations, and family's valuing their opinions. RESULTS: Out of 7505 pupils, complete data were obtained for 6207. The prevalence of symptoms of @entity308 varied greatly among different schools ( @entity1 , from 0 to 19%; @entity1 , from 3.3 to 39%). The PNF varied from 12.3 to 45.5% for @entity1 , and from 4.2 to 38.8% for @entity1 . Corresponding figures for APF were 2.4-23.1% for @entity1 and 4.3-37.5% for @entity1 . Among @entity1 , we found significant associations between PNF and symptoms of @entity308 , odds ratio (95% CI) 4.5 (3.5-5.8), and between APF and @entity308 , 3.1 (2.3-4.1). For @entity1 , corresponding odds ratios were 3.5 (2.9-4.2) and 2.1 (1.7-2.6), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of pupils with @entity308 varies greatly among Oslo public schools. This variation is associated with features of the pupils' social context.

title: XXXX in adolescent pupils are heavily influenced by the school they go to. A study of 10th grade pupils in Oslo, Norway.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression', 'Depressive symptoms']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depressive symptoms']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity1129 (UICC I) @entity14 have a good prognosis after curative resection. It is not known, however, if the outcome is significantly different for UICC Ia and Ib @entity1 or if @entity1 with reduced risks of recurrences can be identified early after surgery. This is of interest, as it would permit a more cost-effective, @entity1 -oriented, and @entity5 stage-oriented follow-up program. To study these questions, a prospective follow-up database, including 1375 @entity1 after curative resection of @entity14 , was analyzed. A total of 296 @entity1 with @entity14 with a median follow-up of 44 months were studied. Perioperative and follow-up mortality rates were 3% and 14%, respectively. Recurrent disease developed in 10% of @entity1129 @entity1 after a disease-free interval of 16 months. Significantly more @entity1 suffering from pT2 (UICC Ib) @entity5 had recurrent disease than @entity1 with @entity2558 (UICC Ia) @entity5 (13% vs. 4%; p <0.05). Preoperative CEA levels in @entity1 with recurrent disease were significantly higher than in long-term disease-free @entity1 (5.3 +/- 1.8 vs. 3.5 +/- 0.6 ng/ml; p <0.05). Curative resection of recurrent disease was achieved in 38% of the @entity1 with recurrences (4% of all @entity1 ). Survival analysis showed significantly better survival in @entity1 with @entity5 than in those at higher @entity5 stages (log rank, <0.0001), and only 39% of all @entity1129 @entity1 who died during follow-up had recurrent disease. @entity1129 (UICC Ia and Ib) @entity14 was diagnosed in 22% of our @entity1 treated for cure, and long-term survival was 86%. There were significantly fewer cases of recurrent disease after curative resection of UICC Ia (pT1N0M0) @entity5 , so we propose a novel, less intensive follow-up regimen for these @entity1 , leading to a more cost-effective, @entity1 -oriented, and @entity5 stage-oriented follow-up program.

title: Results of long-term follow-up after curative resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Dukes A cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'Dukes A colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Dukes A colorectal cancer']


abstract: The nidi of @entity10545 are small and difficult to identify precisely; this can necessitate substantial resection of the surrounding normal bone. We applied percutaneous, image-guided radiofrequency ablation to treat 5 @entity1 with @entity10545 . The precise location of each nidus was determined using a 3-mm-thick spiral computed tomographic scan. The most appropriate needle pathway was selected to avoid major neural and vascular structures. A 14-gauge core needle was introduced into the nidus and then exchanged for a 17-gauge straight rigid electrode with a 1-cm exposed tip to heat the lesion to 90 degrees centigrade for 5 minutes. Four of the 5 @entity1 were discharged on the day after surgery without any external supports, and were @entity158 -free after a few days. The remaining @entity1 had a pes equinus contracture induced by the penetration of the @entity291 muscles through a posterior approach but was fully recovered 6 days later. The mean follow-up period was 20.6 months. No recurrences or late complications were observed in this series. This case series shows that the computed tomography-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation is a simple, minimally invasive, and highly effective technique for the treatment of @entity10545 .

title: XXXX treated with computed tomography-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation: a case series.

entities_list: @entity10545 :: ('MESH:D010017', 'Disease') :: ['osteoid osteoma']

answer: @entity10545 :: (MESH:D010017,Disease) :: ['Osteoid osteoma']


abstract: @entity263 ( @entity263 ), although relatively rare, is the @entity263 , currently with no successful treatment. It was therefore tempting to evaluate the response of this @entity5 and its @entity79 to @entity11338 ( @entity11338 )-based photodynamic therapy (PDT), already proven by us to efficiently eradicate other @entity5 . @entity11338 is a novel bacteriochlorophyll-derived, second-generation photosensitizer recently, developed by us for the treatment of bulky @entity5 . This photosensitizer is endowed with strong light absorbance (epsilon(0) approximately 10(5) mol(-1) cm(-1)) in the near infrared region (lambda=763nm), allowing deep tissue penetration. The @entity11338 -PDT protocol targets the @entity5 vasculature leading to @entity32 , @entity519 , @entity39 and @entity5 eradication. The sensitizer clears rapidly from the circulation within a few hours and does not accumulate in tissues, which is compatible with the treatment of localized @entity5 and isolated metastases. Briefly, male @entity2659 - @entity19 were grafted with the @entity1 @entity263 (WISH- @entity34843 ) in 3 relevant anatomic locations: subcutaneous (representing @entity5 mass), intraosseous (representing bone metastases) and orthotopically within the @entity19 prostate microenvironment. The PDT protocol consisted of i.v. administration of @entity11338 (4 mg/kg), followed by immediate illumination (650-800 nm) from a xenon light source or a diode laser emitting at 770 nm. Controls included untreated animals or animals treated with light or @entity11338 alone. @entity5 volume, @entity1 plasma @entity3507 levels, animal well being and survival were used as end points. In addition, histopathology and immunohistochemistry were used to define the @entity5 response. Subcutaneous @entity5 exhibited complete healing within 28-40 days, reaching an overall long-term cure rate of 69%, followed for 90 days after PDT. Intratibial WISH- @entity34843 lesions responded with complete @entity5 elimination in 50% of the treated @entity19 at 70-90 days after PDT as documented histologically. The response of the orthotopic model was also analyzed histologically with similar results. The study with this model suggests that @entity11338 -based PDT can reach large @entity5 and is a feasible, efficient and well-tolerated approach for minimally invasive treatment of local and disseminated @entity263 .

title: Photodynamic therapy with @entity11338 ( @entity11338 ): successful in vivo treatment of @entity1 XXXX xenografts.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['SCCP', 'Small cell carcinoma of the prostate', 'most aggressive variant of prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['violent malignancy', 'tumor', 'aggressive non-epithelial solid tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11338 :: ('MESH:C456120', 'Chemical') :: ['Pd-Bacteriopheophorbide', 'TOOKAD']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'nude mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic small cell carcinoma']


abstract: Ectopic ureters present in childhood with symptoms related to an abnormal site or structure (refluxing, obstructed) of the ureteric orifice. The majority drain @entity8 . The diagnosis is relatively easy if the poles are functioning or hydronephrotic. Associated @entity600 are rarely seen and the results of surgery are gratifying. If an @entity1698 drains a single kidney, it is called a single-system @entity1698 (SSEU). We reviewed a 15-year experience (1980-1995) with 127 ectopic ureters from our hospital:11 SSEUs in ten consecutive @entity1 were managed during this period. Our data lead us to believe that SSEUs are a special subset of ectopic ureters. Diagnosis is often delayed because the @entity1698 may be associated with a single small, @entity6349 , poorly-functioning, non-visualised kidney and the @entity1 may be thought to have a contralateral normal "solitary kidney". Associated systemic @entity600 are common. Residual symptoms of wetting may persist in the early postoperative period. A high degree of suspicion must be maintained for this entity when a @entity1 presents with urinary symptoms of wetting or recurrent @entity8 ". Early endoscopic examination of the genitourinary tract will clinch the diagnosis in the majority of cases. Residual symptoms of wetting in the postoperative period generally resolve with passage of time.

title: Single-system XXXX : a 15-year review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['duplex kidneys', 'infection and a "solitary kidney']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity1698 :: ('MESH:D014516', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic ureter']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity1698 :: (MESH:D014516,Disease) :: ['ectopic ureter']


abstract: A cell line (NMSG10) was established from @entity1418 in @entity1 tibial bone. The cells revealed polymorphism at the primary culture stage, but they gradually became monotonous fibroblastic cells during transfer. On light microscopic examination, the features of these transformed cells were shown to be positive for alcian blue, oil red 0 and acid phosphatase stain. In an immunohistochemical test, the cells were shown to be positive for anti-proteoglycans, @entity2281 , @entity2277 and actin. An electron microscopic examination, revealed multiple irregular long microvilli extending from the cell surface. Also noted were microvesicles and lipid vacuoles in the cytoplasm. There was also a collagenous microfilament in the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, we found a lot of mucous substance which was able to be stained with @entity3737 and to be digested by hyaluronidase in the cultured medium. This mucous substance was identified through two dimensional electrophoresis as being mainly hyaluronic acid with a macromolecular weight, a small amount of heparan @entity597 and chondroitin sulfate. Additionally, chromosomal analysis was performed at the 7th passage, revealing @entity2007 with a modal number of 46. The primary cells and NMSG10 cells were not transferable to @entity19 .

title: [Establishment and characterization of NMSG10 cells from XXXX in @entity1 bones].

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['malignant fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

entities_list: @entity3737 :: ('MESH:D000423', 'Chemical') :: ['alcian blue']

answer: @entity1418 :: (MESH:D051677,Disease) :: ['malignant fibrous histiocytoma']


abstract: @entity1819 for @entity548 duodenal @entity1066 was performed in 52 low-risk @entity1 between 1973 and 1986. Duodenotomy without violation of the pylorus was done in all @entity1 to allow inspection and control of the @entity548 site. The median duration of operation was 3 hours and 20 minutes, although 25% of the procedures required 4 or more hours. There was no postoperative mortality and no early reoperations. Among the six @entity1 with @entity260 , one rebled from the @entity1066 and two developed prolonged @entity356 . At the time of follow-up (median, 2.9 years), 48 of the @entity1 were alive and 4 had died of non- @entity1066 causes. No @entity1 had significant postvagotomy sequelae. Ulcer recurrence was documented in six @entity1 , and three required reoperation. @entity1819 is a safe, effective therapy for @entity548 duodenal @entity1066 . Because of the length of the operation, it should be restricted to low-risk @entity1 who are hemodynamically stable at the time of operation.

title: @entity1819 in the emergency treatment of XXXX duodenal @entity1066 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['Proximal gastric vagotomy']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric atony']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: A one-year experience of screening for @entity6677 is reported. @entity1 with any of seven risk factors were screened at the time of prenatal registration. Those without risk factors, and those not found to be @entity6 by 24 weeks' gestation, were tested later in pregnancy. Of 4116 @entity1 , 77% had at least one risk factor. The prevalence of @entity6 in @entity1 with risk factors was significantly greater than among those with no risk factors (P less than .001). Of 936 @entity1 who had no risk factors, four were found to have @entity6 . Multiple logistic regression analysis suggested that family history, @entity28 , and age over 25 years contributed significantly to the prediction of @entity6677 . More than 10% of gestational diabetics had screening values between 135-139 mg/dL. Among @entity1 whose early screening values were elevated and whose initial @entity413 tolerance tests were normal, the odds of being classified ultimately as a gestational @entity6 were 7.3 times that of @entity1 whose initial screening tests were normal. Selective screening based on risk factors including maternal age may enhance detection of @entity6 early in gestation.

title: Screening for XXXX with the one-hour 50-g @entity413 test.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6677 :: (MESH:D016640,Disease) :: ['gestational diabetes']