abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity3986 , cardiac function deteriorates with time and @entity712 is one of the major causes of @entity204 . Although the combination of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and beta-blockers improves cardiac function in adults, little is known about the efficacy of those drugs in @entity1 with @entity3986 . METHODS AND RESULTS: The effect of the beta-blocker, @entity1405 , and/or ACEI on ventricular function in @entity1 with @entity3986 was studied. @entity1405 and an ACEI were given to 13 @entity1 (ACEI group; mean age 18 years, range 7-27 years), and an ACEI only to 15 @entity1 ( @entity1405 group; mean age 15 years, range 8-29 years). Diagnoses included @entity1555 (n=25), @entity3986 (n=2), and @entity12654 (n=1). Echocardiographic parameters of the left ventricle were measured during the 2-3 years of follow-up. In the @entity1405 group, combination therapy of @entity1405 and an ACEI for 2 years resulted in a significant increase in left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS). In the ACEI group, there was no significant change in LVFS. Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension increased in the ACEI group, but not in the @entity1405 group. CONCLUSION: @entity1405 plus an ACEI improves left ventricular systolic function in @entity1 with @entity3986 .

title: Beta-blocker therapy for cardiac dysfunction in XXXX with @entity3986 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['Fukuyama muscular dystrophy', 'muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1405 :: ('MESH:C043211', 'Chemical') :: ['carvedilol', 'Carvedilol']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity12654 :: ('MESH:D020389', 'Disease') :: ['Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A case of latent @entity5343 accompanied by @entity6126 and @entity4241 is described. A 20-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our department complaining of @entity851 and immature development of the external genitalia. Pigmentation was most evident on the fingers and face. Endocrinologically, serum ACTH level was very high, and serum @entity701 level was in the lower limit of the normal range. Serum @entity1369 and adrenal @entity342 levels were below their normal ranges. Based on these clinical and laboratory findings, the @entity1 was diagnosed as having latent @entity5343 . Serum LH did not respond to a bolus injection of @entity4396 . However, after 3 days administration of @entity4396 , the response of serum LH to a bolus injection of @entity4396 was enhanced. Serum @entity251 level was not increased after the administration of hCG. These findings suggested a hypothalamic cause for the @entity6126 . It was indicated that @entity851 was apparently caused by GH @entity409 , since nocturnal GH secretion was below that in normal males and the response of GH to the administration of @entity369 was normal. In regard to the thyroid function, the peak of serum TSH after a bolus injection of @entity1218 was delayed compared with normal subjects, and although serum T4 level was high, the basal metabolic rate was very low. This suggests that there is tissue resistance to the elevated thyroid hormone.

title: [A case of latent @entity5343 with @entity6126 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['neurosecretory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5343 :: ('MESH:D000224', 'Disease') :: ["Addison's disease"]

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism', 'hypogonadotropic hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity4241 :: (MESH:D004392,Disease) :: ['dwarfism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1037 has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of acute @entity162 in 2 double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. We describe the results of the open-label extension from one of these trials. METHOD: In a 3-week, double-blind study of @entity1 with DSM-IV @entity162 , @entity1037 was superior to placebo for the treatment of @entity162 . Of the 139 @entity1 who entered the double-blind phase of the 3-week study, 113 @entity1 continued into the 49-week open-label extension. Efficacy measurements including the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), the 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 (HAM-D-21), the Clinical Global Impressions scale-Bipolar Version, and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and safety measurements including the Simpson-Angus scale, the Barnes Akathisia Scale, and the @entity910 Scale were completed throughout. The analysis considered all treatment results, starting with the first @entity1037 dose. Adjunctive @entity1091 and @entity905 were allowed during the open-label extension. RESULTS: The mean length of @entity1037 treatment was 6.6 months, with a mean modal dose of 13.9 mg/day. A significant mean improvement in the YMRS total score, baseline to endpoint (-18.01, p < .001), was observed. During treatment, 88.3% of @entity1 experienced a remission of @entity162 (YMRS total score < or =12), and only 25.5% subsequently relapsed (YMRS total score > or = 15). Significant improvement in HAM-D-21 scores was observed (p < .001). Forty-one percent of @entity1 were maintained on @entity1037 monotherapy. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events reported were @entity2147 (46.0%), @entity308 (38.9%), and @entity1017 (36.3%). CONCLUSION: During up to 1 year of @entity1037 therapy, either as monotherapy or in combination with @entity1091 and/or @entity905 , @entity1 with @entity162 demonstrated significant improvement in @entity162 and @entity308 symptoms with a favorable safety profile. Further double-blind, controlled studies are needed to confirm these results.

title: Long-term @entity1037 therapy in the treatment of XXXX : an open-label continuation phase study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['acute manic symptoms', 'bipolar disorder', 'bipolar I disorder', 'manic symptoms', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormal Involuntary Movement']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['Olanzapine', 'olanzapine']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar I disorder']


abstract: The effects of the administration of @entity1769 , @entity4392 and @entity42257 on memory processes were evaluated in the @entity19 passive avoidance test. The administration of @entity37419 (0.1-3 mg kg-1 i.p.), immediately after termination of the training session, produced a dose-dependent @entity2730 effect. @entity1769 (1-5 mg kg-1 i.p.), @entity4392 (0.5-2 mg kg-1 i.p.) and @entity42257 (1-10 mg kg-1 i.p.), administered 20 min before the training session, prevented @entity37419 -induced @entity2730 . In the same experimental conditions @entity2475 (30 mg kg-1 i.p.), @entity2607 (0.2 mg kg-1 i.p.) and @entity7233 (100 mg kg-1 i.p.) prevented @entity37419 @entity2730 . At the highest effective doses, none of the drugs impaired motor coordination, as revealed by the rota-rod test, nor did they modify spontaneous motility, as revealed by the Animex test. These results suggest that @entity1769 , @entity4392 and @entity42257 play an important role in the modulation of memory processes. On these bases, these compounds could be useful in the treatment of @entity73 .

title: Antiamnesic activity of @entity1769 , @entity4392 and XXXX in the @entity19 passive avoidance test.

entities_list: @entity4392 :: ('MESH:D020117', 'Chemical') :: ['cisapride']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity37419 :: ('MESH:D004025', 'Chemical') :: ['dicyclomine']

entities_list: @entity2730 :: ('MESH:D000647', 'Disease') :: ['amnesia', 'amnesic']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['Metoclopramide', 'metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity2607 :: ('MESH:D010830', 'Chemical') :: ['physostigmine']

entities_list: @entity2475 :: ('MESH:D010889', 'Chemical') :: ['piracetam']

answer: @entity42257 :: (MESH:C109606,Chemical) :: ['SR-17']


abstract: PURPOSE: Laparoscopic resection of @entity5 has already become the standard procedure in many hospitals. The @entity6679 ( @entity6679 ) is an important preparational step. Several methods are used for laparoscopic @entity6679 ; however, studies comparing different approaches are lacking. In the present study, three different approaches for @entity6679 have been compared to each other. METHODS: Between January 1998 and December 2010, 415 @entity1 with @entity420 underwent laparoscopic rectal resection at one center. Of these, 303 @entity1 received complete @entity6679 . The @entity6679 was performed using either a medial ( @entity6679 -M; n = 41), lateral ( @entity6679 -L; n = 214), or anterior ( @entity6679 -A; n = 48) approach. RESULTS: There was a significantly higher rate of intraoperative complications in the @entity6679 -L group as compared to the @entity6679 -M or the @entity6679 -A group (p = 0.038). @entity260 occurred in 5 (10.6 %) @entity1 of the @entity6679 -A group compared to 38 @entity1 (17.7 %) in the @entity6679 -L group (p = 0.002) and 5 (12.1 %) @entity1 in the @entity6679 -M group (p = 0.037). @entity6679 -L was also associated with a higher frequency of overall postoperative morbidity which was mainly due to wound @entity281 rates (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The anterior approach for @entity6679 in laparoscopic surgery seems to be associated with lower frequency of intra- and postoperative morbidity.

title: Different approaches for complete mobilization of the splenic flexure during laparoscopic XXXX resection.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative surgical complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6679 :: ('MESH:D014086', 'Disease') :: ['SFM', 'splenic flexure mobilization']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The association between past @entity64 subtypes and recurrent @entity64 subtypes in @entity64 remains unknown. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity64 who had a past history of @entity455 ( @entity455 ) subtypes were assessed. @entity455 was subdivided into @entity4522 ( @entity4522 ) and extracranial @entity731 (ECAS). @entity64 mechanisms were categorized as @entity1416 , in situ @entity715 and @entity732 , while @entity455 was subdivided into @entity1188 ( @entity1188 ) and branch @entity66 (BAD) on the basis of magnetic resonance imaging findings. The relationship between past and current @entity64 was analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 202 @entity1 enrolled, the @entity455 group (n   =   111) had 64 and 47 @entity1 with @entity4522 and ECAS, and the @entity455 group (n   =   91) had 63 and 28 @entity1 with @entity1188 and BAD, respectively, at the time of past @entity64 . @entity1 with @entity455 developed @entity64 most often (n   =   99, 89.2%), and @entity1 with @entity455 developed @entity455 most often (n   =   69, 75.8%; P   <   0.001). @entity1 with @entity4522 were more likely to develop @entity4522 later (n   =   46, 79.3%), whereas those with ECAS developed ECAS more often (n   =   31, 75.6%; P   <   0.001). @entity1 with @entity4522 presenting with @entity1416 more often developed @entity1416 later (n   =   26, 72.2%), whereas those with @entity732 developed recurrent @entity732 most often (n   =   10, 66.7%, P   =   0.005). In the @entity455 group, @entity1 with BAD developed @entity455 more frequently than the @entity1188 group (n   =   11, 39.3% vs. n   =   9, 14.3%, P   =   0.022). CONCLUSIONS: The subtypes and mechanisms of recurrent @entity64 are significantly influenced by those of the past @entity64 .

title: XXXX recurrence patterns are predicted by the subtypes and mechanisms of the past, @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['LAD-associated strokes', 'non-cardiogenic stroke', 'strokes', 'LAD stroke', 'stroke', 'ischaemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['SAD', 'LAD', 'large-artery disease (LAD) or small-artery disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous disease']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['artery-to-artery embolism']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['LI', 'lacunar infarction']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['local branch occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4522 :: ('MESH:D002537', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial atherosclerosis', 'ICAS']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging after ultra-small super paramagnetic @entity1933 (USPIO) injection and @entity419 positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) for preoperative axillary lymph node staging in @entity1 with @entity0 were evaluated using histopathologic findings as the reference standard. USPIO-enhanced MR and FDG-PET were performed in ten @entity1 with @entity0 who were scheduled for surgery and axillary node resection. T2-weighted fast spin echo, T1-weighted three-dimensional (3D) gradient echo, T2*-weighted gradient echo and @entity2287 -enhanced T1-weighted 3D gradient echo with spectral fat saturation were evaluated. MR imaging before USPIO infusion was not performed. The results were correlated with FDG-PET (acquired with dedicated PET camera, visual analysis) and histological findings. The histopathologic axillary staging was negative for @entity5 in five @entity1 and positive in the remaining five @entity1 . There was one false positive finding for USPIO-enhanced MR and one false negative finding for FDG-PET. A sensitivity (true positive rate) of 100%, specificity (true negative rate) of 80%, positive predictive value of 80%, and negative predictive value of 100% were achieved for USPIO-enhanced MR and of 80%, 100%, 100%, 80% for FDG-PET, respectively. The most useful sequences in the detection of invaded lymph nodes were in the decreasing order: @entity2287 -enhanced T1-weighted 3D gradient echo with fat saturation, T2*-weighted 2D gradient echo, T1-weighted 3D gradient echo and T2-weighted 2D spin echo. In our study, USPIO-enhanced T1 gradient echo after @entity2287 injection and fat saturation emerged as a very useful sequence in the staging of lymph nodes. The combination of USPIO-enhanced MR and FDG-PET achieved 100% sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 and NPV. If these results are confirmed, the combination of USPIO MR with FDG-PET has the potential to identify the @entity1 candidates for axillary dissection versus sentinel node lymphadenectomy.

title: Breast imaging. Preoperative @entity0 : comparison of USPIO-enhanced MR imaging and XXXX (FDC) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for axillary lymph node staging--initial findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['nodal malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In this study, we sought to determine whether laboratory and physiological parameters can be useful in predicting mortality in @entity1 with @entity295 -induced @entity551 and @entity326 . METHODOLOGY: This prospective cohort study was carried out in the emergency department at an academic medical center. A total of 51 @entity1 met enrollment criteria during the study period and 41 of them were included in the study. Inclusion criteria were @entity1 18 years old or older, diagnosed to have either @entity295 -induced @entity551 or @entity326 and investigated @entity295 marker (blood @entity880 and leukocytes) measured. Other physiological variables were also measured in this study. The main outcome measure was 30-day mortality. Kaplan-Meier, Log-rank and Cox's methods were used for statistical analysis using SPSS version 12.0.1. RESULTS: 61% were diagnosed to have @entity295 -induced @entity551 and 39% were diagnosed with @entity326 . Twenty two (54%) @entity204 occurred within the 30 day follow up. The overall mean blood @entity880 level and leukocyte counts were 3.52 mmol/L (5D = 2.29) and 11.37 x 109 (SD = 6.38) respectively. A Cox Proportional Hazard Analysis revealed an increase in blood @entity880 levels in the @entity2613 was associated with an increased risk of death (B = 0.35, HR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.22, 1.73, p < 0.001). However no significant correlation between the physiological parameters and the 30-day mortality. @entity1 with @entity326 state prior to initial presentation has a lower 30 day survival compared to any other septic conditions. CONCLUSION: Our results support blood @entity880 level as a promising risk stratification tool when compared with leukocytes counts and other physiological parameters. The multivariate analysis showed that for every increment of @entity880 value of 1 mmol/L, the hazards of dying are expected to increase by 1.5 times (p < 0.001).

title: The use of laboratory and physiological parameters in predicting mortality in @entity295 induced XXXX and @entity326 @entity1 attending the emergency department.

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine the findings of disseminated @entity3219 on chest radiographs of @entity1 with @entity791 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chest radiographs of 50 @entity791 @entity1 with documented extrapulmonary @entity3219 were analyzed retrospectively. The radiographs were evaluated for the presence of parenchymal opacities, @entity1143 , @entity3018 , cavitation, and calcified @entity738 and lymph nodes. A modification of the International Labour Office scheme was used to classify parenchymal abnormalities as nodular, linear or irregular, reticulonodular, or air-space opacities. RESULTS: Abnormalities were present on radiographs in 23 @entity1 . Nodular opacities were present in 10 @entity1 and were diffusely distributed in nine @entity1 . Linear or irregular opacities were present in seven @entity1 , with diffuse distribution in four and limited involvement in three. Air-space opacities were present in seven @entity1 ; the distribution varied from segmental to diffuse involvement of the lung. Small @entity1143 were present in five @entity1 . Adenopathy and Kerley's B lines were each present in three @entity1 . In 27 @entity1 , the chest radiographs were normal. Four of these @entity1 had clinical or microbiological evidence of lung involvement. CONCLUSION: The chest radiographic findings of disseminated @entity3219 in @entity791 @entity1 are varied and nonspecific. The presence of diffuse nodular or linear/irregular opacities in an @entity791 @entity1 , especially one who resides in or has resided in an endemic area, should suggest the possibility of disseminated @entity3219 . Normal findings on chest radiographs do not exclude disseminated @entity358 .

title: Disseminated @entity3219 in XXXX : findings on chest radiographs.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity3018 :: ('MESH:D009377', 'Disease') :: ['adenopathy']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['infection or lung involvement']

entities_list: @entity3219 :: ('MESH:D006660', 'Disease') :: ['histoplasmosis']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: The aim of this study was to clarify whether phenotypic variation exists when subjects with different genotypes of @entity5321 ( @entity5321 ) are exposed to @entity6442 ( @entity9104 ). The genotypes of @entity5321 were confirmed in 123 healthy male volunteer subjects. Of the 123 subjects, the numbers of c1 homozygotes, c2 heterozygotes, and c2 homozygotes were 77, 45, and 1, respectively. Seven of the c1 homozygotes, five of the c2 heterozygotes, and the one c2 homozygote (mean age: 22.7 years, range: 20-27 years) were exposed to @entity9104 vapor twice, once via the skin and once via the lung, for a total of 8 h per subject at a concentration below 10 ppm, the occupational exposure limit recommended by the Japan Society for Occupational Health, the American Conference of Governmental and Industrial Hygienists, and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, at 27 degrees C and 44% relative humidity. Exposure levels were 6.2+/-1.0 ppm in dermal exposure and 7.1+/-1.0 ppm in inhalation exposure. Urine samples were collected until 72 h after exposure. The half-lives of urinary @entity37409 ( @entity37410 ) were obtained as the phenotype. The average urinary @entity37410 half-lives of the c1 homozygotes, the c2 heterozygotes, and the c2 homozygote were 3.86+/-1.90, 4.38+/-1.53, and 4.2 h after dermal exposure, and 1.58+/-0.42, 1.84+/-0.61, and 3.2 h after respiratory exposure. The @entity37410 half-lives of the c1 homozygotes were not significantly different from those of the c2 heterozygotes, and there were no differences between the @entity37410 half-lives on the subjects with and without the c2 allele. Even though the data were obtained from only one c2 homozygote, it is noteworthy that the @entity37410 half-life of this subject was slightly less than that of the c1 homozygotes after respiratory exposure.

title: Does the polymorphism of @entity5321 affect the metabolism of @entity6442 ? Comparison of the half-lives of urinary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity37409 :: ('MESH:C002950', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methylformamide']

entities_list: @entity6442 :: ('MESH:D004126', 'Chemical') :: ['N,N-dimethylformamide']

answer: @entity37409 :: (MESH:C002950,Chemical) :: ['N-methylformamide']


abstract: A group of 36 @entity1 who had had at least two consecutive spontaneous @entity5852 and who desired to have @entity1 was subjected to a psychosomatic investigation before a biomedical diagnostic screening programme was started. A semi-structured interview regarding sociodemographic data, current relationship, social support, education, occupation and medical anamnesis was carried out. In addition, all @entity1 completed four standardized questionnaires on the topics of @entity148 , @entity2531 , life satisfaction and @entity308 . A control group of 36 @entity1 , matched for age and occupation, was subjected to the same psychosomatic investigation. The findings of the diagnostic screening programme showed that 16 @entity1 had @entity5852 because of physical abnormality, and 15 @entity1 had no physically confirmed cause (in five @entity1 , the investigations were not completed). Following recurrent @entity2208 , 18 @entity1 had a successful pregnancy within 2 years, and 18 @entity1 were still childless. The comparison between @entity1 and the control group revealed that @entity1 with recurrent abortion were significantly more satisfied with their life quality regarding leisure time, financial situation and occupation. No significant differences were observed in any other variables. @entity1 who @entity2208 due to a @entity74 showed partner relationship of longer duration, and more frequent miscarriages. @entity1 with successful pregnancy within 2 years after recurrent miscarriage were significantly younger and had fewer physically related @entity5852 compared with @entity1 who remained childless. In summary, psychological factors seem to be of subordinate importance as a cause for recurrent @entity2208 . Moreover, physical abnormalities in the reproductive system have a predominant impact on the prediction of a future successful pregnancy.

title: XXXX . A prospective study on the impact of psychological factors as a cause for recurrent @entity2208 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['suffered spontaneous abortions', 'spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['abortions']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['somatization disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['physical disorder']

answer: @entity2208 :: (MESH:D000022,Disease) :: ['Spontaneous abortion and psychosomatics']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether (1) @entity1 who experience greater @entity353 also experience correspondingly greater improvements in health-related quality of life (HRQOL); (2) the improvement in HRQOL is noticeable for @entity1 achieving moderate (5%-10%) @entity353 ; and (3) the relationship between @entity353 and HRQOL is similar for @entity1 receiving @entity352 vs placebo. STUDY DESIGN: We combined data from 4 double-blind, randomized, controlled trials of administration of @entity352 (20 mg/d) vs placebo. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 (n = 555) were mildly to moderately @entity28 and had @entity6 , @entity2299 , or @entity101 that was well controlled with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or @entity460 channel blocker. The HRQOL was operationalized using the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life (IWQOL) and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Question Short-Form (SF-36) instruments. The main statistical technique was a @entity1 -level analysis of variance predicting change in HRQOL from study, treatment, and weight change. RESULTS: Moderate @entity353 was associated with a statistically significant improvement in HRQOL for approximately half of the subscales evaluated (P < .05). The greatest sensitivity to change was shown by the SF-36 general health perception and change in health since last year subscales and the IWQOL overall health, mobility, and total subscales. Greater @entity353 was associated with the most improvement in HRQOL. Weight losses of 5.01% to 10.00% were associated with 2-unit changes in the SF-36 general health perception subscale and 10-unit changes in the IWQOL total subscale. Results were similar across study and treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate @entity353 is associated with noticeably improved HRQOL. Improvements in HRQOL are achievable by @entity1 receiving @entity352 .

title: Effect of moderate XXXX on health-related quality of life: an analysis of combined data from 4 randomized trials of @entity352 vs placebo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction', 'weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity352 :: ('MESH:C058254', 'Chemical') :: ['sibutramine hydrochloride', 'sibutramine']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4548 , or infolding of the margin of the eyelid, is a common eyelid malposition affecting the elderly that can lead to significant morbidity when not corrected. It is notable for both functional and cosmetic sequelae. Numerous surgical techniques have been described to correct this defect; however, because of its multifactorial pathophysiology, no single procedure has been entirely satisfactory. In this study, the authors present a simple and effective surgical procedure that addresses the salient pathophysiology and successfully corrects this defect with minimal morbidity or chance of recurrence. METHODS: Two hundred fifty-three @entity1 (409 eyelids) with @entity4548 who underwent surgical repair from 1995 to 2004 were analyzed. All @entity1 were symptomatic, ranging in age from 61 to 96 years (115 @entity1 and 138 @entity1 ). All @entity1 underwent lateral canthal lysis, suborbicularis and supraorbicularis undermining, canthoplasty, and lateral muscle suspension with septal tightening. RESULTS: All 409 eyelids with symptomatic @entity4548 were successfully corrected. All @entity1 were satisfied with both the functional and cosmetic outcome and experienced a short recovery time. Objective examination revealed a marked improvement in static and dynamic lower eyelid position and alleviation of the herniated lateral orbital fat. There were no complications or entropion recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4548 is frequently encountered in the elderly. Ideal treatment addresses horizontal lid laxity, improves vertical support, prevents preseptal orbicularis override, and reinserts the lower lid retractors. With the direct, easily executed and effective surgical procedure presented here, both functional and aesthetic improvements can be obtained. This procedure should be included among the techniques used by every surgeon who treats functional and cosmetic problems in the periocular region.

title: Correction of XXXX with suborbicularis septal and lateral canthal tightening.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4548 :: ('MESH:D004774', 'Disease') :: ['Involutional entropion', 'involutional entropion']

answer: @entity4548 :: (MESH:D004774,Disease) :: ['involutional entropion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Well-differentiated @entity259 ( @entity259 ) usually act indolently, while aggressively acting @entity5 are difficult to detect early enough. @entity172 receptors (ERs) have prognostic significance in many @entity5 . @entity1374 , including @entity5 , are associated with the female sex. The prognostic significance of ERs in @entity259 has not been reported previously. METHODS: We studied the role of @entity1782 and @entity1783 in 83 cases of @entity259 ( @entity259 ) and 43 @entity6888 cases, including seven cases of poorly differentiated @entity6888 , obtained from the Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital between 1990 and 2009. @entity1 follow-up was conducted until March 2011. Expression of @entity1782 , @entity1783 , and @entity1758 /Ki-67 was investigated by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathological characteristics, including survival. RESULTS: Two major observations were apparent. First, @entity1783 expression was significantly higher in @entity259 than in @entity6888 , and it was a stronger differential diagnostic marker than @entity1758 /Ki-67. Second, low @entity1783 expression correlated with poor survival in @entity6888 . All @entity5 due to @entity6888 were among low @entity1783 -score @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity1783 is a differential marker for @entity5 and could thus be used as a preoperative tool. @entity6888 @entity1 with a low @entity1783 score need more thorough follow-up and may benefit from more aggressive treatment.

title: Loss of @entity172 receptor Beta expression in follicular XXXX predicts poor outcome.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer-specific deaths', 'neoplasms', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['FTA', 'follicular thyroid carcinomas', 'FTCs', 'follicular thyroid adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid diseases']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: Since 1982, we have performed 384 courses of @entity3726 chemotherapy for 89 @entity1 with @entity5 including 70 with @entity1893 , adhering to the original regimen as strictly as possible. As severe acute reactions, myelosuppression, @entity221 , @entity943 , @entity2335 , and perforation of duodenal @entity1066 were seen. Rates of @entity221 had no tendency to increase with advancing age. Three @entity1 only with @entity6 had no severe side effects. Three @entity1 with @entity1575 showed severe myelosuppression and @entity221 . One @entity1 both with @entity1575 and @entity6 died from the @entity281 due to @entity3726 chemotherapy, however the other febrile @entity1 did not have life threatening @entity281 . Thirty three percent (11/33 courses) of the @entity1 with @entity28 experienced severe myelosuppression (WBC less than 1,000), while 55% (33/60 courses) of the @entity1 without @entity28 . However satisfactory treatment results were not obtained in the @entity1 with @entity28 . We consider that @entity3726 chemotherapy is excellent in feasibility even for the aged @entity1 or the @entity1 with @entity6 . However, we suggest that the dose of @entity3726 chemotherapy should be reduced for the @entity1 with @entity1575 .

title: [Feasibility of XXXX chemotherapy--with special reference to age, @entity6 , @entity1575 and @entity28 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic cystitis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity3726 :: (1649,Gene) :: ['CHOP']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the effects of secondary wound closure on intramuscular pressure (IMP) in @entity1 treated by fasciotomy for @entity697 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective experimental study with an unbiased observer. METHODS: Twelve @entity1 (mean age, thirty years) were treated for @entity697 by fasciotomy, early postoperative @entity4 , and secondary wound closure on the third or fourth day. The syndrome was confirmed by measurements of IMP in seven legs, three thighs, and two arms. The IMP was recorded in appropriate compartments with a noninfusion technique before, during, and after secondary wound closure by wire sutures. The IMP was not allowed to exceed thirty millimeters of @entity349 (four kilopascals) in the underlying compartment during wound closure. @entity1 were followed up at thirty-six months after surgery. RESULTS: By using an IMP limit of thirty millimeters of @entity349 , local perfusion pressure remained above fifty millimeters of @entity349 in all @entity1 . With this protocol, the wound was closed on the third or fourth day in five @entity1 . Seven @entity1 needed repeated secondary wound closure. The distance between skin edges did not exceed 0.5 centimeter in any of the @entity1 by the eleventh day. No @entity1 needed skin transplantation. None had signs of @entity63 contracture at follow-up. CONCLUSION: Secondary wound closure or wound adaptation starting on the third day after fasciotomy seems to be a safe method of treatment in normotensive @entity1 if IMP during wound closure is not allowed to exceed thirty millimeters of @entity349 .

title: Secondary wound closure following fasciotomy for XXXX increases intramuscular pressure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema reduction']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute compartment syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We present a randomized controlled trial of laparoscopic gastric bypass comparing 2 techniques of gastrojejunostomy in @entity1 with morbid @entity28 . METHODS: Eighty consecutive @entity1 underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass between September 2005 and August 2006. @entity1 were randomly assigned to 2 groups by the use of sealed envelopes. In group A, the gastrojejunal @entity254 was performed with a 21-mm circular-stapler, and in group B, this @entity254 was performed with a 45-mm linear-stapler. The rest of the procedure was identical in both groups. Variables evaluated were complications involving the gastrojejunostomy, operative time, length of stay, and percentage of excess @entity353 . RESULTS: Both groups were similar in age and body mass index. No @entity1 experienced leakage or @entity292 , but group A @entity1 had a more frequent stricture rate (P<0.05). Operative time and hospital stay were comparable in both groups (P>0.05). Percentage excess @entity353 at one year following surgery was satisfactory in both groups, without a statistically significant difference (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Gastrojejunal @entity254 does not seem to be a critical factor in excess @entity353 for morbidly @entity28 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic gastric bypass. The 2 techniques used in this experience are safe and effective; however, the 45-mm liner-stapler is preferable because it has a lower stricture rate.

title: Laparoscopic gastric bypass for morbid XXXX -a randomized controlled trial comparing two gastrojejunal @entity254 techniques.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['gastrojejunal anastomosis fistula']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: We describe 8 cases of @entity10545 of the spine and the pelvis. In the rare cases of this @entity5 the clinical symptoms are not specific. The typical nocturnal exacerbation of the @entity158 was absent in 2 of our 8 @entity1 . More often the main symptoms were @entity853 , partly secondary to the often @entity158 . @entity158 relief after @entity117 is described but not constant. The @entity117 test was positive in 4 of our 8 cases (in 20-50% of the cases in the literature). It must be emphasized that conventional-x-ray is often not diagnostic, and therefore the diagnosis is often delayed. If there is suspicion of @entity10545 a technetium bone scan should be performed. CT-scan is required for preoperative evaluation. Treatment of choice is the excision of the @entity5 in healthy tissue, which was successful in all our 8 cases.

title: [ XXXX of the spine and pelvic area].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of the gait or deformation of the spine']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity10545 :: ('MESH:D010017', 'Disease') :: ['osteoid osteoma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'absent pain']

answer: @entity10545 :: (MESH:D010017,Disease) :: ['Osteoid osteoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ) is the second most common neurodegenerative @entity303 , but it is often underdiagnosed and mistaken for @entity195 ( @entity195 ) with sometimes lethal consequences. Over 35 studies have established the differences between @entity1832 and @entity195 in neuropsychological tests, but none have provided easy interpretations of common tests suitable for the clinician. The aim of this study was to suggest practical interpretations of the @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ), clock drawing, and cube-copying to identify @entity1832 and differentiate it from @entity195 . METHODS: Thirty-three @entity1832 @entity1 were matched according to gender, @entity1032 , and age with 66 @entity195 @entity1 . The median @entity1032 score was 24. Easy interpretations of the tests, including the @entity1032 orientation subscore, were sought for. RESULTS: The identified criteria to separate @entity1832 from @entity195 were (1) the @entity1032 orientation score x 3 > or = the total @entity1032 score, (2) an impaired clock drawing, and (3) a non-3D cube-copying. If (1) was fulfilled, the sensitivity and specificity were 100 and 57% in @entity1 with @entity1032 21-27. If (1) and (2) were fulfilled in @entity1 with @entity1032 21-27, the sensitivity and specificity were 93 and 70%. If at least two of the three criteria were fulfilled, the sensitivity was 85%, and the specificity 75% regardless of @entity1032 score. CONCLUSION: If the orientation score x 3 > or = the total @entity1032 score together with an impaired clock drawing and possibly a non-3D cube-copying, the @entity1 should be thoroughly investigated according to the @entity1832 consensus criteria.

title: Practical suggestions on how to differentiate XXXX with @entity1832 from @entity195 with common cognitive tests.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['MMSE', 'Mini-Mental State Examination']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['DLB', 'Dementia with Lewy bodies']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: @entity1 with relapsed or refractory solid @entity5 face dismal prognoses, and novel therapies are desperately needed. Allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ) offers potential for cell-based therapy, but the @entity137 of myeloablation limits this approach in heavily pretreated @entity1 . We sought to determine the feasibility of @entity8 in a cohort of 24 @entity1 with incurable solid @entity5 using human leukocyte antigen-matched sibling or unrelated donors and a minimal conditioning regimen. Before stem cell infusion, all @entity1 received 3 daily doses of 30 mg/m(2) @entity3118 followed by 2 Gy of total body irradiation. Hematopoietic cell recovery was rapid and reliable. Median time to neutrophil engraftment was 13.5 days for sibling donors and 12 days for unrelated donors. Donor lymphocyte infusions were used safely in 4 @entity1 , all of whom had either improved chimerism or apparent @entity5 response. @entity2132 was comparable across donor sources and did not affect survival. Relapse remains a substantial barrier, although objective graft-versus- @entity5 effect was observed in several @entity1 . Four @entity1 with detectable disease before @entity8 achieved a complete response for at least 30 days after @entity8 , and two remain long-term survivors. Three @entity1 were in complete response before @entity8 and remained in remission for 3, 6, and 74 months after @entity8 . Early disease response was associated with improved survival. Allogeneic @entity8 using this conditioning regimen offers a potential platform for novel immunotherapies.

title: Successful allogeneic hematopoietic cell engraftment after a minimal conditioning regimen in @entity1 with relapsed or refractory solid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['HCT', 'hematopoietic cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['Graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: An active hypolipidemic component in oats, the soluble fiber beta-glucan, has been concentrated in an oat fiber extract. The oat fiber extract has been used to replace fat in food products. This study was designed to determine if moderate levels of oat fiber extract could be incorporated into a typical diet and whether plasma lipids could be reduced by the amount of beta-glucan added to the diet. METHODS: Oat fiber extracts containing low (1% by weight) or high (10% by weight) beta-glucan were fed to 23 mildly @entity753 subjects (seven @entity1 and 16 @entity1 ). A maintenance diet was fed for 1 week followed by diet containing an oat extract for 5 weeks each in a crossover pattern. Five percent of the energy from fat in the maintenance diet was replaced with the oat extract in the experimental diets. Caloric intake was adjusted to try to maintain each subject's initial weight. Fasting blood was collected several days apart after separate 12 hour fasts the end of each period. Plasma was analyzed for @entity1674 , total @entity165 , and lipoprotein @entity165 fractions. RESULTS: HDL, @entity9477 , and VLDL @entity165 , and @entity412 levels after the oat extract diets were not significantly different from those after the maintenance diet. Total and LDL @entity165 levels decreased significantly (p < 0.001) from maintenance levels after both diets containing the oat extracts. Total @entity165 levels after the higher beta-glucan extract diet were significantly lower than those after the low beta-glucan diet. CONCLUSIONS: Beneficial reduction of @entity165 was obtained with modest amounts of oat extract incorporated into the diet. A significant dose response due to beta-glucan concentration in the oat extract was observed in total @entity165 levels.

title: Effect of beta-glucan level in oat fiber extracts on blood lipids in @entity1 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: A multicenter cooperative study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Fragmin ( @entity16960 ) as an anticoagulant in hemodialysis. Sixty-one stable maintenance hemodialysis @entity1 were enrolled from 14 institutions in Japan. The study period was fixed at 2 weeks. Dosage requirements were 15.0 to 20.0 anti-Xa U/kg as bolus and 7.5 to 10.0 anti-Xa U/kg/hr as continuous infusion. The total dosage of Fragmin was 2505 +/- 127 anti-Xa U compared with 6124 +/- 190 U of conventional heparin. No differences were observed in residual blood in extracorporeal circuits between the groups. The hemostasis times at puncture sites after completion of dialysis were significantly shortened in the Fragmin group (7.9 +/- 0.7 minutes) when compared with the conventional heparin group (11.4 +/- 1.1 minutes; p less than 0.01). Plasma anti-Xa levels were 0.24 +/- 0.03 and 0.36 +/- 0.04 U/ml 1 hour after the initiation and at the completion of dialysis, respectively. ACTs, measured by the Hemochron method, were not prolonged during dialysis. APTTs varied from 34.3 +/- 1.2 before dialysis to 41.0 +/- 1.9 (p less than 0.01) 1 hour after the start of dialysis and 39.9 +/- 1.6 seconds (p less than 0.01) at the end of dialysis. Plasma @entity5582 activity increased from 96.8 +/- 2.5% before dialysis to 113.0 +/- 3.2% (p less than 0.01) at the end of dialysis. No significant changes were observed in both @entity857 - and collagen-induced @entity1423 during dialysis. Dialysis efficiency was the same for both groups. Slight itching developed in one of 61 cases. No abnormal laboratory data were observed during the study. The efficacy, safety, and utility rates were 98.4, 98.5, and 98.4%, respectively. Fragmin proved to have a higher utility rate and was a good and convenient alternative to conventional heparin as an anticoagulant in hemodialysis treatment.

title: Clinical application of Fragmin ( XXXX ) in hemodialysis: multicenter cooperative study in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

answer: @entity16960 :: (MESH:D017985,Chemical) :: ['FR-860']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In crosses between the @entity1521 -deficient mutant homozygous for @entity30389 and heterozygous for @entity39708 ( @entity30389 5cs2/ @entity39708 ), used as male, and different @entity958 mutants, used as females, the @entity39708 mutant allele was rarely transmitted to the outcrossed progeny, suggesting that the fertility of the male gametophyte carrying mutations in both @entity30389 and @entity39708 is severely compromised. RESULTS: To confirm the fertility defects of pollen from @entity30389 @entity39708 / @entity39708 mutants, transmission of mutant alleles through pollen was tested in two ways. First, the number of progeny inheriting a dominant @entity4766 resistance marker linked to @entity39708 was determined. Second, the number of @entity39708 / @entity39708 embryos was determined. A ratio of resistant to susceptible plantlets close to 50%, and the absence of aborted embryos were consistent with the hypothesis that the male gametophyte carrying both @entity30389 and @entity39708 alleles is rarely transmitted to the offspring. In addition, in reciprocal crosses with wild type, about 50% of the @entity39708 mutant alleles were transmitted to the sporophytic generation when @entity30389 @entity39708 / @entity39708 was used as a female, while less than 1% of the @entity39708 alleles could be transmitted to the outcrossed progeny when @entity30389 @entity39708 / @entity39708 was used as a male. Morphological and functional analysis of mutant pollen revealed a population of small, degenerated, and unviable pollen grains, indicating that the mutant homozygous for @entity30389 and heterozygous for @entity39708 is impaired in pollen development, and suggesting a role for @entity1521 in male gametophyte development. Consistent with these findings, we found that pollen from @entity30389 homozygous mutants, @entity154 similar to, but less pronounced than pollen from @entity30389 @entity39708 / @entity39708 mutants. Finally, we show that pollen from @entity30389 @entity39708 / @entity39708 plants contains less @entity1521 than wild type and that exogenous @entity1521 supplied from the beginning of another development can partially complement both morphological and functional pollen defects. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that the development of the male gametophyte carrying mutations in both @entity30389 and @entity39708 is severely compromised, and indicate that @entity1521 is required for pollen development and transmission.

title: @entity1521 is required for male gametophyte development in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4766 :: ('MESH:D013411', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfadiazine']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['display defects']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: Gap junction communication between astrocytes plays an important role in the brain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of @entity4044 extract (GBE) on the changes of connexin 43 ( @entity10277 ) mRNA and protein expression levels of @entity35 cortex and hippocampus induced by @entity63 -reperfusion and astrocyte gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) induced by @entity519 -reoxygenation. After 2 hours of @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) followed by 24 hours of reperfusion, there was obvious @entity51 in @entity35 . @entity10277 mRNA and protein expression levels of @entity35 cortex and hippocampus in the @entity63 hemisphere were decreased significantly. When GBE at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight was administrated by p.o. daily for 7 days, the @entity51 was improved, and lower @entity10277 mRNA and protein expression levels induced by @entity63 -reperfusion were recovered to normal. The i.p. injection of @entity3931 (0.7 mg/kg weight body) also showed improvement on @entity51 and @entity10277 expression levels. Astrocyte GJIC was measured by the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). @entity519 -reoxygenation induced a significant decrease in GJIC. Pretreatment with GBE (100 mg/l) and @entity3931 (1.6 mg/l) significantly prevented the @entity519 -reoxygenation inhibition of GJIC. These results suggest that GBE could exert its neuroprotective effects by improvement of @entity10277 expression and GJIC induced by @entity519 / @entity63 -reoxygenation/ reperfusion injury.

title: Effects of @entity4044 extract on gap junction changes induced by reperfusion/reoxygenation after @entity63 / @entity519 in XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity4044 :: ('3311', 'Species') :: ['Gingko biloba']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: In this fMRI study, we investigated theory of mind (ToM) in @entity1 with paranoid @entity161 . We hypothesized that the network supporting the representation of intentions is dysfunctional in @entity1 with @entity161 dependent on the type of intention involved. We used a paradigm including a control condition (physical causation) and three intention conditions (private intention, prospective social intention and communicative intentions) differing in the degree of social interaction. In all four experimental conditions @entity1 performed worse than controls regarding accuracy and reaction time. They showed significantly less activation in three regions typically activated in ToM tasks, i.e. paracingulate cortex and bilateral temporo-parietal junctions. However, this dysfunction was dependent on the type of intention represented, i.e. was present only for social but not for non-social intentions. Moreover, part of the reduced activation was related to the fact that there was no signal drop in these regions for the physical causality condition as usually found in controls. This may be due to the tendency of @entity161 @entity1 to attribute intentionality to physical objects. Our findings have implications for the study and understanding of ToM in @entity161 but @entity74 like @entity2438 .

title: Dysfunction of the social brain in XXXX is modulated by intention type: an fMRI study.

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['also in other disorders']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between pregnancy-related @entity2371 (PRPP) and sacroiliac joint (SIJ) laxity. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was performed in a group of 163 @entity1 , 73 with moderate or severe (PRPP+) and 90 with no or mild (PRPP-) PRPP at 36 weeks of pregnancy. SIJ laxity was measured by means of Doppler imaging of vibrations in threshold units (TU). @entity158 , clinical signs and disability were assessed with visual analog scale (VAS), posterior @entity2371 provocation (PPPP) test, active straight leg raise (ASLR) test, and @entity615 disability scale (QBPDS), respectively. RESULTS: Mean SIJ laxity in the PRPP+ group was not significantly different from the PRPP- group (3.0 versus 3.4 TU). The mean left-right difference, however, was significantly higher in the PRPP+ group (2.2 TU) than in the PRPP- group (0.9 TU). In the PRPP- group, only 4% had asymmetric laxity of the SIJs in contrast to 37% of the PRPP+ group. Between the PRPP+ subjects with asymmetric and symmetric laxity of the SIJs significant differences were found with respect to mean VAS for @entity158 (7.9 versus 7.0), positive PPPP test (59% versus 35%), positive ASLR test (85 versus 41%) and mean QBPDS score (61 versus 50). CONCLUSIONS: Increased SIJ laxity is not associated with PRPP. In fact, pregnant @entity1 with moderate or severe @entity2371 have the same laxity in the SIJs as pregnant @entity1 with no or mild @entity158 . However, a clear relation between asymmetric laxity of the SIJs and PRPP is found.

title: XXXX during pregnancy is associated with asymmetric laxity of the sacroiliac joints.

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['Quebec back pain']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

answer: @entity2371 :: (MESH:D017699,Disease) :: ['Pelvic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Direct current cardioversion (DCC) is a method to control persistent @entity955 , to facilitate a reduction in @entity64 risk. Although this is a frequently performed procedure, there are no available published data regarding its outcome in an Irish setting. AIMS: To determine the short- and long-term outcome of DCC, factors predicting a successful outcome, and its safety. METHODS: Data relating to each DCC were collected retrospectively from @entity1 notes over a 6.3 year-period, and subsequently entered into a Microsoft Access database before subsequent statistical analysis. RESULTS: Forty-five consecutive unselected @entity1 were identified, in which 59 DCCs were performed. Sinus rhythm (SR) was achieved immediately after @entity18040 in 54/59 (91%) @entity1 . There was a significant positive correlation between @entity1 body weight and the energy level required to achieve SR (p=0.0001). No @entity1031 complications were noted. After a mean follow-up time of 12 +/- 13.7months, 30/45 (67%) had maintained SR. After univariate analysis, a number of important factors predictive of maintenance of SR at follow-up were identified. CONCLUSION: DCC was found to be an effective method for short- and long-term control of @entity955 , without @entity1031 complications, and @entity1 with a favourable long-term outcome after DCC could conceivably be predicted on the basis of a methodical history, careful examination, simple investigations and pharmacological variables.

title: The outcome of direct current cardioversion (DCC) for the treatment of XXXX ( @entity955 ) in a district general hospital in Ireland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Controversy surrounds the cost-effectiveness of rheumatologist care compared with generalist care for @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). Rheumatologists can provide 2 distinct types of care for @entity309 @entity1 : primary care and specialist care. We sought to examine the relationship between cost and type of care in a population-based cohort of @entity1 with @entity309 . METHODS: Data regarding specialty of care and use of health services (i.e., total direct medical costs, surgeries, radiographs, laboratory tests, hospital days) were collected from a community sample of 249 @entity1 with @entity309 (defined using the 1987 American College of @entity3129 ) among Rochester, Minnesota residents > or =35 years of age. In a randomly selected subset of 99 of these @entity309 @entity1 , detailed information on all physician encounters was collected and categorized according to whether or not the care received constituted "primary care" according to the Institute of Medicine definition. Using these data, we evaluated the influence of type of care as well as specialty of provider on utilization. For these analyses, total direct costs included all inpatient and outpatient health care costs incurred by all local providers (excluding outpatient prescription drugs). RESULTS: The 249 @entity1 with @entity309 (mean age 64 years, 75% @entity1 ) were followed up for a median of 5.4 years, while the subset of 99 @entity309 @entity1 (mean age 64 years, 77% @entity1 ) were followed up for a median of 4.7 years. The overall median direct medical costs per @entity1 per year were  2,749 and  2,929 for the total cohort and for the subset of 99 @entity1 , respectively. Generalized linear regression analyses (considering all visits of the 249 @entity309 @entity1 ) revealed that after adjusting for demographics and disease characteristics, rheumatologist care (compared with nonrheumatologist care) was not associated with higher total direct medical costs (P = 0.85) or more hospital days (P = 0.35), but was associated with slightly more radiographs (P = 0.037) and significantly more laboratory tests (P < 0.0001). When considering only primary care, such care by rheumatologists was, again, not associated with higher total direct medical costs (P = 0.11) or more hospital days (P = 0.69) or more laboratory tests (P = 0.54), but was associated with slightly more radiographs (P = 0.035). CONCLUSION: Rheumatologist care is not more costly than generalist care for @entity1 with @entity309 . Important differences (especially in the use of laboratory tests) become apparent when the type of care provided as well as the specialty of the provider are considered in the analyses.

title: Is XXXX care more costly when provided by rheumatologists compared with generalists?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity3129 :: ('MESH:D005119', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatology diagnostic criteria']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Glucocorticoid can induce apoptosis by regulating some genes' expression, but its effect on the pro-apoptotic protein @entity6396 in @entity1778 remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the effect of glucocorticoid on the expression of @entity6396 in glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of @entity981 cells in vitro. METHODS: @entity1778 cells from @entity981 @entity1 were transplanted into the immunodeficient @entity19 . The transplanted @entity1778 cells were collected and then were treated with @entity619 at the final concentration of 1 microM. The expression of @entity6396 protein and mRNA in @entity1778 cells after @entity619 treatment was detected by Western Blot and real-time quantitative PCR. A drug sensitive test was performed by @entity98 assay. RESULTS: The @entity1778 cells which came from the @entity1 who had good clinical outcomes were sensitive to @entity619 , while the ones from the @entity1 who had poor clinical outcomes were resistant to @entity619 in vitro. The sensitivity to @entity619 in vitro between the resistant and sensitive @entity1778 cells was significantly different (P < 0.05). No upregulation of @entity6396 protein and mRNA was detected in resistant and sensitive @entity1778 cells after @entity619 treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Glucocorticoid can not upregulate the expression of @entity6396 in glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of @entity981 cells in vitro.

title: [Effect of glucocorticoid on the expression of XXXX in @entity981 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['Leukemia', 'leukemia']

answer: @entity6396 :: (9696,Species) :: ['Puma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is not known whether snuff (moist smokeless @entity286 ) affects disease activity in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). OBJECTIVE: This study aims to study the effect of snuff on disease activity and function in Swedish @entity1 with early @entity309 . METHODS: Between 1992 and 2005, 2800 adult @entity1 were included in the Better Anti-Rheumatic FarmacOTherapy (BARFOT) early @entity309 study in Sweden. Disease Activity Score 28 joints (DAS28), Health Assessment Questionnaire, visual analog scale for general health, and drug treatment were registered at inclusion and at follow-up after 1, 2, and 5 years. European League Against @entity627 response and remission criteria were applied at 1 year. In 2010, a self-completed postal questionnaire was sent to 2102 @entity1 in the BARFOT study enquiring about lifestyle factors such as smoking and use of snuff. Three controls for each @entity1 using snuff were identified. RESULTS: Fifty-one @entity1 who used snuff were identified, together with 145 controls. When we adjusted for socioeconomic class, disease duration, and previous antirheumatic medication, the snuff users had lower DAS28 values at up to 6 months of follow-up than @entity1 who had never smoked, and they had lower DAS28 values than previous smokers at up to 2 years of follow-up. No effect of snuff use on European League Against @entity627 response was seen at up to 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: Snuff users initially had lower DAS28 levels than never smokers and previous smokers.

title: The effect of snuff (smokeless @entity286 ) on disease activity and function in XXXX : experiences from the Better Anti-Rheumatic FarmacOTherapy, a longitudinal multicenter study on early @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is an important cytokine in the process of angiogenesis. Elevated serum levels of the cytokine may determine @entity5 @entity1 who will benefit from adjuvant anti-angiogenic therapy in the future. To correlate serum levels of @entity7 with @entity5 stage and established prognostic markers in @entity1 with @entity151 ( @entity151 ), a prospective study was performed on 70 @entity1 . METHODOLOGY: From August 1999 to May 2000, 70 consecutive @entity1 (51 male, 19 female) with histologically proven @entity151 were enrolled into the study. Staging of the disease included clinical investigation, bronchoscopy, chest X-ray, thoracic computed tomography and ultrasound. The @entity1 were grouped into five stages according to the Marburg classification ( @entity66 ( @entity66 ), limited disease (LD), extensive disease I (EDI), @entity66 (EDIII)). Prior to treatment, a 10 mL serum sample from each @entity1 was examined by ELISA to quantify levels of @entity7 and @entity3508 ( @entity3508 ). @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) and albumin levels were determined by photomorphometric analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the Waller-Duncan k ratio t-test and Pearson's correlation test. RESULTS: Serum @entity7 levels correlated well with @entity5 stage (P < 0.0001). Albumin levels were not correlated with @entity5 stage, but levels of @entity3508 and LDH increased with stage progression. When @entity1 were divided into two groups ( @entity66 and LD vs EDI-III), @entity7 levels were significantly lower in the initial stages of the disease compared with extensive disease (P < 0.0001). Serum levels of @entity7 correlated better with @entity5 stage than did concentrations of @entity3508 , LDH or albumin. CONCLUSION: Serum @entity7 levels may serve as an additional prognostic marker in the course of @entity1 with @entity151 . Further studies are needed to determine whether these @entity1 may benefit from additional anti-angiogenic therapy in the future.

title: Serum @entity7 levels correlate better with XXXX stage in @entity151 than albumin, @entity3508 or @entity880 dehydrogenase.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease II (EDII) and extensive disease III', 'VLD', 'very limited disease']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['NSE', 'neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A @entity1188 may occasionally dedifferentiate to @entity421 , @entity1492 or malignant @entity82 . However, the association of an @entity5426 with a @entity1188 is extremely rare. Such an association is presented in three @entity1 . Their clinical course is compared with that of @entity1 with @entity1188 associated with other @entity242 . DESIGN AND @entity1 : The three @entity1 were @entity1 with a mean age of 43 years. Cases 1 and 3 presented with a pathological @entity174 at the site of the @entity5426 . Plain radiography was done in the three @entity1 , computed tomography (CT) was performed in cases 1 and 3 and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in case 3. The femur was the site of the three @entity5 : midshaft in cases 1 and 3 and distal shaft in case 2. On the basis of the radiographic findings, and clinical examination, an open biopsy was performed for the three @entity1 , which confirmed the diagnosis of a high-grade @entity5426 associated with a @entity1188 . RESULTS: Case 1 was treated with high-above knee amputation and is still alive after 18 months from the time of operation. Segmental resection of the distal femur with adjuvant chemotherapy and local irradiation was the treatment for case 2, who is still alive with no @entity5 recurrence on metastatic disease 3 years from the operation. Intramedullary rodding was done for case 3 who died 6 months later. CONCLUSION: The association of an @entity5426 with a @entity1188 has been established in only five cases. Although the number of such associations is small, it seems that such an association may be prognostically more or less the same as in those cases in which a @entity1188 is associated with either @entity421 , @entity1492 or malignant @entity82 , where the survival rate is unfavorable. A cause-and-effect relationship may exist between a @entity1188 and subsequent development of a @entity79 .

title: @entity5426 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenic sarcoma', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['bone infarct', 'bone infarcts']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['bone infarcts']


abstract: The @entity1628 ( @entity1628 ) is a seven transmembrane member of the melanocortin receptor family. The GT1-1 cell line exhibits endogenous expression of @entity1628 . In this study, GT1-1 cells were used to study @entity1628 signaling pathways and to examine the effects of melanocortin receptor agonist @entity48178 -MSH on apoptosis. @entity1628 mRNA expression was demonstrated by RT-PCR. Functional melanocortin receptor expression was implied by specific binding of @entity48178 -MSH and @entity268 production. @entity48178 -MSH-stimulated @entity1176 release in a dose-dependent manner. Serum deprivation-induced apoptosis in GT1-1 cells, and the @entity48178 -MSH inhibited this effect. The melanocortin receptor antagonist @entity13683 blocked the antiapoptotic actions of @entity48178 -MSH, and the MAP kinase inhibitor @entity4286 significantly attenuated the antiapoptotic effect. @entity48178 -MSH-stimulated @entity1366 phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. @entity1366 phosphorylation could be abolished by @entity13683 . In GT1-1 cells, melanocortin receptor activation causes @entity1366 phosphorylation. In these cells, @entity1628 activation is also associated with antiapoptotic effects.

title: XXXX -mediated inhibition of apoptosis in immortalized hypothalamic neurons via mitogen-activated protein kinase.

entities_list: @entity1628 :: ('4160', 'Gene') :: ['melanocortin-4 receptor', 'MC4R']

answer: @entity1628 :: (4160,Gene) :: ['Melanocortin-4 receptor']


abstract: Published examples of @entity715 attest to their usual subjection to nephrectomy at diagnosis or soon thereafter, eliminating the opportunity for spontaneous improvement which would enlighten the issue of how often late recovery may occur, and under what circumstances. Seven cases of @entity715 and five @entity1 with renal artery embolization extracted from the literature have included documentation of patchy histologic viability within otherwise total @entity1188 . Conversely, 47 reports of @entity715 culminating in nephrectomy or examined post mortem include no reference to any of these histologic features. Presumptions are speculative regarding whether these features were absent, overlooked, or unexamined. Their incidence cannot be estimated--only the possibility of recoverable renal function in an unknown number of involved @entity1 . It may be presumed that the majority of kidneys exposed to sustained arterial interruption will undergo irreversible @entity1188 , with an undefined small subgroup later developing renal @entity101 . An unknown number, however, may fortuitously possess arterial collateralization competent to support sufficient numbers of viable nephrons to sustain adequate renal function. It is further speculated that shared pathophysiologic features establish the opportunity for misdiagnosis of @entity5720 , which carries a documented potential for spontaneous recovery. Impulsive bilateral nephrectomy may therefore be unjustified, particularly in consideration of the minimal potential hazards of nonremoval. In the event of convalescent problems of renal origin, delayed nephrectomy remains an option. The requirement for interval hemodialysis is further influenced by the advantages accruing from retention of the native kidneys relative to @entity460 metabolism and blood product replacement. A final consideration relates to the advisability of secondary revascularization of spontaneously recovered kidneys for the purpose of further improving renal perfusion and renal function. It may be argued that stable renal function at levels compatible with a tolerable or uncompromised lifestyle is best undisturbed, with the intention of avoiding iatrogenic mishap. A more objective consideration relates to the observed late, progressive deleterious influences of hyperfiltration imposed upon the reduced population of surviving nephrons (3); would this process been exaggerated by improved perfusion? Dietary protein restriction has been advocated for @entity1 at risk. @entity810 would initiate a reconsideration of therapeutic revascularization.

title: Traumatic bilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5720 :: ('MESH:D007681', 'Disease') :: ['renal cortical necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Identification of late functional deterioration']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery thrombosis', 'unilateral and bilateral renal artery thrombosis']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['renal infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5203 has proven efficacy in the treatment of @entity102 and @entity2023 , but it has not been evaluated in the subpopulation of @entity748 @entity1 with @entity1109 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of @entity5203 treatment in improving the control of @entity565 symptoms during the @entity566 season in @entity1 with active @entity565 and seasonal aeroallergen sensitivity. METHODS: Adults with a history of @entity102 who are also symptomatic during the @entity566 season and with skin test sensitivity to seasonal aeroallergens were enrolled in a randomized, parallel-group, multicenter study with a 1-week, single-blind, placebo run-in period followed by 3 weeks of double-blind treatment during the spring of 2004. After the run-in period, eligible @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either oral @entity5203 (10 mg) or placebo. Daytime and nighttime @entity565 symptom scores, beta-agonist use, and morning and evening peak expiratory flow rates were recorded daily using an electronic diary. The primary end point was mean change from baseline to week 3 in the daytime @entity565 symptom score. RESULTS: Of 455 randomized @entity1 , 433 completed the study. Compared with placebo, treatment with @entity5203 resulted in a significant improvement from baseline in the daytime @entity565 symptom score (-0.54 vs -0.34; P = .002) and in beta-agonist use, nighttime symptoms, and peak expiratory flow rates. Few @entity1 in the @entity5203 and placebo groups discontinued study participation because of @entity565 (1.3% and 3.0%, respectively). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity102 and seasonal aeroallergen sensitivity, @entity5203 treatment provided significant @entity565 control during the @entity566 season compared with placebo.

title: Efficacy of @entity5203 during the @entity566 season in XXXX with @entity102 and seasonal aeroallergen sensitivity.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal asthma symptoms']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic asthma']

entities_list: @entity5203 :: ('MESH:C093875', 'Chemical') :: ['montelukast', 'Montelukast']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The quantitative nature of CT should make it amenable to semiautomated analysis using modern neuroimaging methods. The purpose of this study was to begin to develop automated methods of analysis of CT scans to identify putative @entity6152 within the lentiform nucleus and insula in @entity1 with acute @entity2500 . METHODS: Thirty-five CT scans were retrospectively selected from our CT archive (scans of 20 normal control @entity1 and 15 @entity1 presenting with acute @entity2500 symptoms). The DICOM data for each @entity1 were interpolated to a single volume, scalp stripped, normalized to a standard atlas, and segmented into anatomic regions. Voxel densities in the lentiform nucleus and insula were compared with the contralateral side at P <.01 using the Wilcoxon two-sample rank sum statistic, corrected for spatial autocorrelation. RESULTS: The quality of the registration for the anatomic regions was excellent. The control group had two false-positive results. The @entity1 group had two false-negative results in the lentiform nucleus, two false-negative results in the insular cortex, and one false-positive finding for the insular cortex. The remainder of the @entity1188 were correctly identified. The original clinical reading, performed at the time of presentation, produced five false-negative interpretations for the @entity1 group, all of which were correctly identified by the automated algorithm. CONCLUSION: We present an automated method for identifying potential areas of acute @entity63 on CT scans. This approach can be extended to other brain regions and vascular territories and may aid in the interpretation of CT scans in cases of hyperacute @entity64 .

title: Automated CT segmentation and analysis for acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6152 :: ('MESH:C565408', 'Disease') :: ['hypodensity']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery stroke']

answer: @entity2500 :: (MESH:D020244,Disease) :: ['middle cerebral artery stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: Most US @entity29 ( @entity29 ) epidemiology studies conducted to date have sampled small, geographically restricted populations and have not examined time trends. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and @entity31 ( @entity31 ) in a commercially insured US population and compare prevalences across sociodemographic characteristics and time. METHODS: Using claims data from approximately 12 million Americans, we performed three consecutive 2-year cross-sectional studies. Cases of @entity30 and @entity31 were identified using a previously described algorithm. Prevalence was estimated by dividing cases by individuals in the source population. Logistic regression was used to compare prevalences by region, age, and sex. RESULTS: In 2009, the prevalences of @entity30 and @entity31 in @entity1 were 58 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 55-60] and 34 (95 % CI 32-36), respectively. In adults, the respective prevalences were 241 (95 % CI 238-245) and 263 (95 % CI 260-266). Data analysis revealed that @entity29 prevalences have slightly increased over time. Based on census data, an estimated 1,171,000 Americans have @entity29 (565,000 @entity30 and 593,000 @entity31 ). CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the epidemiological data revealed an increasing burden of @entity29 in recent years, which may be used to inform policy.

title: Recent trends in the prevalence of @entity30 and XXXX in a commercially insured US population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: There have been reports of a high incidence of second @entity5 in survivors of @entity978 . We studied the cumulative incidence of second @entity5 in 191 @entity1 , who were 16 years or younger at diagnosis, with stage IA-IVB @entity978 , treated at the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy, Boston, between 1969 and 1988. The 10-year actuarial survival was 89 ( @entity11632 )%. The median follow-up time was 11 (range 3-21) years from diagnosis. 109 @entity1 were initially treated with radiotherapy alone, 61 received chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and 21 received chemotherapy alone. Second @entity5 arose in 15 @entity1 6-20 years after the diagnosis of @entity978 . The estimated cumulative incidence of second @entity5 at 15 years was 12 (4)% overall. 10 of the second @entity5 arose among 66 female @entity1 , compared with 5 among 125 male @entity1 (cumulative incidence 24 [9] vs 5 [3]%). The relative risk of a second @entity5 for female compared with male @entity1 was 4.5 (95% CI 1.4-15.1; p = 0.013). For male @entity1 , the observed incidence of second @entity5 was 18 times that expected for the normal population (95% CI 6-42), whereas for female @entity1 it was 57 times that expected (27-105). 13 of the second @entity5 were solid @entity5 , including 4 @entity0 . Thus, the risk of a @entity1 treated for @entity978 developing a second @entity5 is higher for @entity1 than for @entity1 . The cumulative incidence of second @entity5 increases from 10 years after treatment. These findings emphasise the importance of continued surveillance in @entity1 treated for @entity978 .

title: Sex differences in risk of second XXXX after @entity978 in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys', 'girls', 'child']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumours', 'malignant disorders', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant tumours']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present investigation was to establish a method for the determination of airborne respirable non-fibrous @entity12957 ( @entity12958 ). The main application is within the industrial production of @entity12958 . METHODS: Due to the complex airborne aerosol mixture of crystalline compounds in the @entity12958 industry, X-ray powder diffractometry was selected as the most appropriate method. Without any international standard material for the respirable fraction of non-fibrous @entity12958 , pure and suitable products from three @entity12958 plants in Norway were selected. These products have a median particle diameter in the range 4.4-5.1 mum. The method is based on thin sample technique, with the dust deposited on a @entity6027 filter. Absorption correction is done by standard procedures with the use of a @entity575 filter, situated below the @entity6027 filter. RESULTS: The diffraction line used for quantitative determination was selected carefully. This was done to avoid interferences from quartz, cristobalite, and @entity15583 , which all are airborne components present in the atmosphere during the industrial process. The instrumental limit of detection for the method is 12 microg. CONCLUSIONS: This method has been used to determine airborne non-fibrous @entity12958 in a comprehensive ongoing project in the Norwegian @entity12958 industry for further epidemiological studies. The method is fully applicable for compliance work.

title: Quantitative determination of airborne respirable non-fibrous alpha- XXXX by x-ray powder diffractometry.

entities_list: @entity6027 :: ('CHEBI:61433', 'Chemical') :: ['polycarbonate']

entities_list: @entity12957 :: ('MESH:C022088', 'Chemical') :: ['silicon carbide']

answer: @entity12957 :: (MESH:C022088,Chemical) :: ['silicon carbide']


abstract: @entity272 are markers of internal @entity5 characterised by being relatively uncommon, associated with certain forms of @entity5 and occurring in connection with the @entity5 either before, during, or after the diagnosis has been made. Furthermore, the skin symptoms typically run a parallel course with the @entity5 . Most paraneoplastic @entity5 is removed and reappear in the case of recurrence or @entity3 of the @entity5 . @entity6017 is especially associated with @entity0 . @entity12984 is seen in @entity1 with a @entity5 in the pancreas. Bazex's syndrome is associated with @entity5 in the upper respiratory and digestive tracts. @entity5105 repens is an @entity8656 associated with lung, breast, stomach and @entity5 . Acquired @entity55166 , which is extremely rare, is a specific marker of internal @entity5 , especially lung and @entity694 . Acanthosis nigricans and Leser-Tr  lat's sign are cutaneous markers of @entity5 . @entity7250 is in some cases associated with @entity3052 , but not as frequently as formerly believed. Acquired @entity5657 , scleromyxoedema, @entity2783 , @entity7271 , woody hands, and @entity19634 are mentioned.

title: [ XXXX as markers of internal disease. @entity272 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['Adult dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast and lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'glucagon-producing tumour', 'cancer', 'oesophageal cancer', 'dermatoses disappear when the primary tumour', 'stomach cancer']

entities_list: @entity8656 :: ('MESH:C562461', 'Disease') :: ['annular erythema']

entities_list: @entity55166 :: ('MESH:C538389', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrichosis lanuginosa']

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic pemphigus']

entities_list: @entity7250 :: ('MESH:D016463', 'Disease') :: ["Sweet's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity5105 :: ('MESH:D004890', 'Disease') :: ['Erythema gyratum']

entities_list: @entity19634 :: ('MESH:D054868', 'Disease') :: ["Trousseau's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Paraneoplastic dermatoses']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity12984 :: ('MESH:D058568', 'Disease') :: ['Necrolytic migratory erythema']

entities_list: @entity5657 :: ('MESH:D007057', 'Disease') :: ['ichthyosis']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['Skin disorders']


abstract: The study aimed to assess the value placed on oral health states by measuring the utility of mouths in which teeth had been lost and to explore variations in utility values within and between two contrasting cultures, UK and Iran. One hundred and fifty eight @entity1 , 84 from UK and 74 from Iran, were recruited from clinics at University-based faculties of dentistry. All had experienced @entity2524 and had restored or unrestored dental spaces. They were presented with 19 different scenarios of mouths with missing teeth. Fourteen involved the loss of one tooth and five involved shortened dental arches (SDAs) with varying numbers of missing posterior teeth. Each written description was accompanied by a verbal explanation and digital pictures @entity2133 models. @entity1 were asked to indicate on a standardized Visual Analogue Scale how they would value the health of their mouth if they had lost the tooth/teeth described and the resulting space was left unrestored. With a utility value of 0.0 representing the worst possible health state for a mouth and 1.0 representing the @entity2133 with the upper central incisor missing attracted the lowest utility value in both samples (UK = 0.16; Iran = 0.06), while the one with a missing upper second molar the highest utility values (0.42, 0.39 respectively). In both countries the utility value increased as the tooth in the scenario moved from the anterior towards the posterior aspect of the mouth. There were significant differences in utility values between UK and Iranian samples for four scenarios all involving the loss of @entity1347 . These differences remained after controlling for gender, age and the state of the dentition. With respect to the SDA scenarios, a mouth with a SDA with only the second molar teeth missing in all quadrants attracted the highest utility values, while a mouth with an extreme SDA with both missing @entity2651 in all quadrants attracted the lowest utility values. The study provided further evidence of the validity of the scaling approach to utility measurement in mouths with missing teeth. Some cross-cultural variations in values were observed but these should be viewed with due caution because the magnitude of the differences was small.

title: Dental health state utility values associated with XXXX in two contrasting cultures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2651 :: ('MESH:D000848', 'Disease') :: ['molar and premolar teeth']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['of mouth', 'best, the mouth']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior teeth']

entities_list: @entity2524 :: ('MESH:D016388', 'Disease') :: ['tooth loss']

answer: @entity2524 :: (MESH:D016388,Disease) :: ['tooth loss']


abstract: The treatment of moderately to heavily exuding wounds requires a dressing that will remove excess exudate while ensuring optimum conditions at the wound site and preventing maceration of the surrounding skin tissue. This prospective, stratified, randomised clinical trial was designed to assess the performance and safety of a new @entity2636 foam dressing compared with a hydrocellular dressing. Both dressings are currently available to community nurses for the treatment of these wound types. Sixty-one @entity1 recruited to the trial. They were grouped according to wound type: 20 leg ulcers, 20 Grade 2 or Grade 3 pressure sores and 21 other wounds that included traumatic, acute and chronic wounds and burns. @entity1 were randomized to treatment and dressing changes and assessments were undertaken as required. Condition of the wound and surrounding skin, comfort, ease of use and leakage from the dressing were monitored at each assessment. Treatment continued for six weeks or until the wound was lightly exuding (defined as absence of leakage with the dressing remaining in place for more than four days on two consecutive occasions). Photographs and tracings of the wounds were taken weekly. The results showed that the two dressings were similar in performance in that they could remain in place for approximately 2.5 days, irrespective of wound type. There were no statistically significant differences in surrounding @entity272 , reduction in wound size, @entity1 comfort or ease of application and removal.

title: Evaluation of a new XXXX foam dressing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin condition']

answer: @entity2636 :: (MESH:D011140,Chemical) :: ['polyurethane']


abstract: Lumbar X-ray findings and clinical manifestations were investigated in 10 @entity1 who underwent posterior fusion with or without Harrington instrumentation for @entity2112 between 1965 and 1975. The subjects were 4 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 , who ranged from 10 to 17 years of age at the time of surgery (mean, 12 years and 9 months). The postoperative follow-up period ranged from 20 to 30 years (mean, 24 years and 7 months). All @entity1 were followed-up at our institution. Three @entity1 received posterior fusion without instrumentation, and Harrington instrumentation was used in 7 from 1967 onwards. The distal end of the fusion was L2 in 4, L3 in 4, and L4 in 2 @entity1 . @entity158 , evaluated by Moskowitz's criteria, was stage I in 5 and stage II in 5 @entity1 (none of them had stage III or IV). In X-ray evaluation, graded according to Lawrence's classification, grade III changes were noted in 2 @entity1 ; one with thoracolumbar fusion with Harrington instrumentation to the L4 vertebra and the other @entity1 was assessed at 30 years post-surgery. According to @entity62 , instability was noted in 1 @entity1 with Harrington fixation including the L4 vertebra. Clinical manifestations and @entity1112 were less severe than anticipated at 20 years plus post-surgery, although a tendency for deterioration was observed in @entity1 with fusion including the L4 or @entity1 followed up for more than 30 years post-surgery.

title: Lumbar spinal changes over 20 years after posterior fusion for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-ray abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ["White-Panjabi's criteria"]

answer: @entity2112 :: (MESH:C564593,Disease) :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']