abstract: PURPOSE: @entity8043 usually occurs to the lateral side, leading to @entity397 of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) in about 90  % of all cases. Reliable prognostic factors for the stability of the patellofemoral joint after MPFL surgery and satisfaction of the @entity1 have not been established as yet. METHODS: This multicentric study retrospectively included 40 @entity1 with a mean age of 22.4      8.1  years (range 9-48) from 5 German @entity130 Departments with first-time traumatic @entity8043 and operative treatment. Surgery was limited to soft tissue repairs, and a preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in all cases. Evaluation of the MRI included sulcus angle, @entity1141 of the trochlea, depth and facet asymmetry of the trochlea, Insall-Salvati index, Tibial tuberosity to trochlear groove (TTTG) distance, and @entity397 patterns of the MPFL. @entity1 were interrogated after 2  years about recurrent dislocation, satisfaction, and the Kujala score. RESULTS: Trochlea facet asymmetry was significantly lower in @entity1 with redislocation (23.5      18.8) than in @entity1 without redislocation (43.1      16.5, p  =  0.03). @entity1 with a patellar-based @entity397 were significantly younger (19.5      7.2  years) than @entity1 without patellar-based @entity397 (25.4      8.1  years, p  <  0.02). @entity1 with femoral-based @entity397 were significantly older (25.7      9.2  years) than @entity1 without femoral-based @entity397 (19.7      6.1  years, p  <  0.02), and had a significantly higher TTTG distance (10.2      6.9 vs. 4.5      5.5, p  <  0.02). @entity1 with @entity397 had a significantly lower Insall-Salvati index (1.2      0.2 vs. 1.4      0.2, p  =  0.05). The Kujala score in @entity1 with redislocations was significantly lower (81.0      10.5 points) than in @entity1 without redislocation (91.9      9.2 points, p  <  0.02). CONCLUSION: Younger @entity1 more often sustain patellar-based @entity397 following first-time traumatic @entity12351 , while older @entity1 more often sustain femoral-based @entity397 of the MPFL. Incomplete @entity397 are correlated with lower Insall-Salvati indices. Low trochlear facet asymmetry is correlated with higher rates of redislocation. These results may be of relevance for the operative and postoperative treatment in the future. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic study, Level IV.

title: Influence of @entity397 patterns of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) on the outcome after operative treatment of traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12351 :: ('MESH:C538081', 'Disease') :: ['patella dislocation']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures', 'MPFL ruptures', 'rupture', 'incomplete ruptures of the MPFL']

entities_list: @entity8043 :: ('MESH:D031222', 'Disease') :: ['Patellar dislocation', 'patellar dislocation']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity8043 :: (MESH:D031222,Disease) :: ['patellar dislocation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ophthalmic, radiologic, and ultrasonographic findings in @entity25891 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Retrospective review of @entity1 ' charts. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 were included. Visual acuity was 20/200 or better in 50% of the eyes. Three eyes developed a @entity1713 . When computerized tomography of the orbit demonstrated @entity5692 and intraocular calcifications, this correlated with poor visual acuity. Computerized tomography of the brain revealed abnormalities in three asymptomatic @entity1 . B-scan ultrasonography demonstrated retinal tissue overhanging the @entity5692 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity25891 has a spectrum of severity, with most @entity1 retaining useful vision. Orbital and cerebral computerized tomography scan as well as B-scan ultrasonography may help with diagnosis and management.

title: XXXX : clinical, computerized tomographic, and ultrasonographic findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5692 :: ('MESH:D015422', 'Disease') :: ['peripapillary scleral staphyloma']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity25891 :: ('MESH:C535970', 'Disease') :: ['morning glory syndrome', 'Morning glory syndrome']

answer: @entity25891 :: (MESH:C535970,Disease) :: ['Morning glory syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of @entity35 trophoblast cell suspensions on @entity857 ( @entity857 )-induced @entity1423 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The trophoblasts were isolated from ectoplacental cones (a preplacental tissue very rich in trophoblasts) developed in @entity35 embryos on day 12 of pregnancy (normal period of gestation: 22-23 days). Platelet-rich plasma ( @entity16447 ) was obtained from adult male @entity35 . The trophoblasts were preincubated (37 degrees C, 30 min), suspended in the medium, and then re-incubated with @entity16447 for 3-5 min. RESULTS: 5 x 10(4) and 7 x 10(4) trophoblasts inhibited @entity857 -induced @entity1423 by 10 and 18%, respectively. When the trophoblast cell concentration was increased to 1-2 x 10(5) cells, a proaggregatory phenomenon was observed, even in the absence of @entity857 . However, there was no inhibition of aggregation or promotion of aggregation when fixed trophoblasts or live endometrial stromal cells were incubated with @entity16447 . CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the aggregation inhibition response was cell specific and concentration dependent. A 68-kD protein was detected in the medium when it was conditioned with 5-7 x 10(4) but not with 1-2 x 10(5) trophoblasts. However, the inhibitory or stimulatory effect does not seem to be dependent on the presence of this protein.

title: Inhibition of @entity1423 by XXXX trophoblasts.

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['ADP', 'adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and safety of early one-step transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with @entity1138 as treatment for buttonhole formation during LASIK. METHODS: Eight @entity1 who developed a buttonhole during LASIK with mechanical or femtosecond flap creation underwent one-step transepithelial PRK a few days after the formation of the buttonhole. The re-treatment procedure was performed after complete epithelial healing and smooth epithelial @entity941 profile were ensured. Postoperative manifest refraction, uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity, and haze formation were assessed during 6 months of follow-up. RESULTS: Mean duration of the re-treatment procedure after buttonhole formation was 5 days (range: 4 to 7 days). Mean manifest refractive spherical equivalent and cylinder refraction were -0.05    0.18 and -0.18    0.22 diopters, respectively, at 6 months postoperatively. Uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/20 in all @entity1 after 3 months of follow-up. No haze formation was detected. CONCLUSIONS: Early one-step transepithelial PRK with @entity1138 seems to be a safe and effective treatment for LASIK buttonhole complication. [J Refract Surg. 2015;31(1):48-52.].

title: One-Step Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy With XXXX as an Early Treatment for LASIK Flap Buttonhole Formation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['Mitomycin C']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mitosis is commonly thought to be associated with reduced cap-dependent protein translation. Here we show an alternative control mechanism for maintaining cap-dependent translation during mitosis revealed by a viral oncoprotein, @entity6059 small T (MCV sT). We find MCV sT to be a promiscuous E3 ligase inhibitor targeting the anaphase-promoting complex, which increases cell mitogenesis. MCV sT binds through its Large T stabilization domain region to cell division cycle protein 20 ( @entity40472 ) and, possibly, @entity59299 ( @entity59299 ) E3 ligase adapters. This activates @entity59300 ( @entity10610 /CYCB1) to directly hyperphosphorylate @entity4043 (eIF4E)-binding protein ( @entity5291 ) at authentic sites, generating a mitosis-specific, mechanistic target of @entity3446 ( @entity3470 ) inhibitor-resistant    phospho-isoform not present in G1-arrested cells. Recombinant @entity5291 inhibits capped mRNA reticulocyte translation, which is partially reversed by @entity10610 /CYCB1 phosphorylation of @entity5291 . @entity5290 binding to the eIF4E-m(7)GTP cap complex is resistant to @entity3470 inhibition during mitosis but sensitive during interphase. Flow cytometry, with and without sT, reveals an orthogonal pH3(S10+) mitotic cell population having higher inactive p4E-BP1(T37/T46+) saturation levels than pH3(S10-) interphase cells. Using a Click-iT flow cytometric assay to directly measure mitotic protein synthesis, we find that most new protein synthesis during mitosis is cap-dependent, a result confirmed using the eIF4E/4G inhibitor drug 4E1RCat. For most cell lines tested, cap-dependent translation levels were generally similar between mitotic and interphase cells, and the majority of new mitotic protein synthesis was cap-dependent. These findings suggest that mitotic cap-dependent translation is generally sustained during mitosis by @entity10610 phosphorylation of @entity5291 even under conditions of reduced @entity3470 signaling.

title: XXXX substitutes for @entity3470 kinase to activate mitotic cap-dependent protein translation.

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity6059 :: ('493803', 'Species') :: ['Merkel cell polyomavirus']

entities_list: @entity4043 :: ('1977', 'Gene') :: ['eukaryotic initiation factor 4E']

entities_list: @entity59300 :: ('983;891', 'Gene') :: ['cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin B1']

answer: @entity10610 :: (983,Gene) :: ['CDK1']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate factors that affect eyelid crease formation before and after frontalis suspension. DESIGN: Nonrandomized, comparative, interventional case series. METHODS: Sixty-three @entity1 (125 eyes) with @entity1736 were included. Data collected included age, gender, previous surgeries, follow up, as well as pre- and postoperative margin reflex distance, palpebral fissure height, and levator function. Intraoperative maneuvers of incorporation of the levator aponeurosis into the skin closure, conservative fat excision, and conservative skin excision were recorded. Pre- and postoperative eyelid creases were graded by 2 masked, independent observers as "good," "fair," or "poor." RESULTS: The weighted k coefficient between the graders was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.58-0.79) preoperatively and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.61-0.79) postoperatively. Evaluating preoperative eyelid crease grades, there was no significant difference with regard to age or gender (p = 0.83 or 0.69, respectively). Eyelid crease grade correlated with margin reflex distance (p = 0.0004) and palpebral fissure height (p = 0.002). There was no significant correlation of eyelid crease with levator function (p = 0.104). After frontalis sling, intraoperative maneuvers of incorporation of the levator aponeurosis into the incision, skin preservation, and fat preservation correlated with postoperative eyelid crease (p = 0.0004, 0.059, and 0.033, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative levator function in @entity1 with adult onset @entity1736 may be an inaccurate measure of true levator palpebrae strength. Reliance on levator function alone in decision making for surgical intervention in these @entity1 may be misguided. The inclusion of the intraoperative maneuvers of incorporation of the levator aponeurosis into the skin incision and preservation of fat and skin results in a stronger eyelid crease after frontalis sling surgery.

title: Factors affecting eyelid crease formation before and after silicone frontalis suspension for adult-onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['myogenic ptosis']

answer: @entity1736 :: (MESH:D001763,Disease) :: ['myogenic ptosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) in advanced @entity356 (AGC) remains a controversial topic, mainly because of doubts about its oncologic validity. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available evidence. METHODS: A comprehensive search was performed until June 2013 to identify comparative studies evaluating survival rates, recurrence rates, surgical outcomes and complications. Pooled risk ratios (RR) and @entity353 ( @entity353 ) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using the random effects model. Data synthesis and statistical analysis were carried out using RevMan 5.1 software. RESULTS: Fifteen trials were involved in this analysis. Compared to open gastrectomy (OG), LG involved a longer operating time ( @entity353 = 48.67 min, 95% CI 34.09 to 63.26, P < 0.001); less @entity190 ( @entity353 = -139.01 ml, 95% CI -174.57 to -103.44, P < 0.001); earlier time to flatus ( @entity353 = -0.79 days, 95% CI -1.14 to -0.44, P < 0.001); shorter hospital stay ( @entity353 = -3.11 days, 95% CI -4.13 to -2.09, P < 0.001); and a decrease in complications (RR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.90, P = 0.003). There was no significant difference in the number of harvested lymph nodes, margin distance, mortality, @entity5 recurrence rate and long-term survival rate between the AGC @entity1 treated with LG or OG (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Despite a longer operation, LG is a safe technical alternative to OG for AGC with a lower complication rate and enhanced postoperative recovery. Moreover, there were similar outcomes between both approaches in terms of @entity5 recurrence and the long-term survival rate. Because of the limitation of this study, methodologically high-quality studies are needed for further evaluation.

title: Systematic review and meta-analysis of laparoscopic and open gastrectomy for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'weighted mean differences']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of a novel high-resolution magnifying videoendoscope called the XG-0001 (Fujifilm, Tokyo, Japan) that is capable of @entity3602 and PDT in experimental and clinical situations. Materials and methods: The fluorescences of three photosensitizers (i.e., porfimer @entity1372 ( @entity17654 ), @entity13880 and @entity37 ( @entity37 )) were studied experimentally via excitation with a purple diode laser (VDL, wavelength 405nm). Five consecutive @entity1 with superficial @entity356 not indicated for surgery or other curative endoscopic treatment due to complicated serious diseases were enrolled in this study. After close endoscopic examinations, 2mg/kg of @entity17654 were intravenously injected into the @entity1 for PDT, and @entity2518 (ALA; 15-20mg/kg) was orally taken for @entity3602 . @entity3602 using VDL and PDT using an excimer-dye laser (630nm, 4mJ, 60Hz) were performed with the XG-0001. RESULTS: @entity17654 and @entity37 had experimentally the lowest and highest fluorescence intensities, respectively. The five @entity1 comprised four @entity1 and one @entity1 with a mean age 75.2 year and an age range of 56 to 83 years. Two additional @entity5 were newly detected by magnifying pharmacoendoscopy. In each @entity1 , @entity3602 was successfully performed. PDT could also safely performed and CR was obtained in 71.4% (5/7) of the @entity5 in five @entity1 , and no serious complications were encountered. CONCLUSION: The XG-0001, which is based on a simultaneous videoendoscopy method that uses an RGB color chip CCD, proved extremely useful in routine use and also in @entity3602 and PDT for @entity356 .

title: Evaluation of a novel high-resolution magnifying videoendoscope that is capable of photodynamic diagnosis and therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17654 :: ('MESH:D017323', 'Chemical') :: ['Photofrin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity2518 :: ('CHEBI:17549', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity13880 :: ('MESH:C028025', 'Chemical') :: ['protoporphyrin IX']

entities_list: @entity37 :: ('MESH:C053434', 'Chemical') :: ['Laserphyrin', 'talaporfin sodium']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'early gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Because most parasitic plants do not form mycorrhizal associations, the nutritional roles of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in them have hardly been tested. Some facultative root hemiparasitic Pedicularis species form AM associations and hence are ideal for testing both direct and indirect effects of AM fungi on their nutrient acquisition. The aim of this study was to test the influence of AM inoculation on @entity3151 (P) uptake by Pedicularis rex and P. tricolor. METHODS: @entity7263 labelling was used in compartmented pots to assess the contribution of the AM pathway and the influence of AM inoculation on P uptake from a host plant into the root hemiparasites. Laboratory isolates of fungal species (Glomus mosseae and @entity30855 ) and the host species ( @entity2247 'Fleet') to which the two Pedicularis species showed obvious responses in haustorium formation and growth in previous studies were used. KEY RESULTS: The AM colonization of both Pedicularis spp. was low (<15 % root length) and only a very small proportion of total plant P (<1 %) was delivered from the soil via the AM fungus. In a separate experiment, inoculation with AM fungi strongly interfered with P acquisition by both Pedicularis species from their host @entity2247 , almost certainly because the numbers of haustoria formed by the parasite were significantly reduced in AM plants. CONCLUSIONS: Roles of AM fungi in nutrient acquisition by root parasitic plants were quantitatively demonstrated for the first time. Evidence was obtained for a novel mechanism of preventing root parasitic plants from overexploiting host resources through AM fungal-induced suppression of the absorptive structures in the parasites.

title: Direct and indirect influences of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on XXXX uptake by two root hemiparasitic Pedicularis species: do the fungal partners matter at low colonization levels?

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity2247 :: ('4513', 'Species') :: ['Hordeum vulgare', 'barley']

entities_list: @entity30855 :: ('4876', 'Species') :: ['G. intraradices']

answer: @entity3151 :: (MESH:D010758,Chemical) :: ['phosphorus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The long-term prognosis of @entity410 that begin in childhood is uncertain. METHODS: We prospectively studied 245 @entity1 from the catchment area of Turku University Hospital in Turku, Finland, who had active @entity302 diagnosed between 1961 and 1964. Sixty-eight @entity1 (28 percent) had idiopathic @entity410 (presumed to have a genetic origin), 54 (22 percent) had cryptogenic @entity410 (occurring in otherwise normal @entity1 with no clear cause), and 123 (50 percent) had remote symptomatic @entity410 (with no immediate cause but occurring in @entity1 with a prior @entity1545 or a static @entity75 ). RESULTS: At the final follow-up in 1992, we had sufficient data on 220 @entity1 (90 percent), 176 of whom were alive and 44 of whom had died; the remaining 25 had emigrated, could not be traced, or declined to participate. Thirty-nine @entity1 who died were not free of @entity410 at the time of @entity204 , and 33 had remote symptomatic @entity410 . Among the surviving @entity1 , 112 (64 percent) had been @entity410 -free for at least five years, including 83 (47 percent) who were not taking antiepileptic medications. The most important predictors of being @entity410 -free for at least five years were a rapid response to therapy (defined as a reduction in the frequency of @entity410 of 75 to 100 percent within three months of beginning treatment) and a diagnosis of idiopathic @entity410 . As compared with a matched control group, 99 @entity1 with @entity302 but no other initial @entity16 were of similar socioeconomic status and had similar rates of passing an examination given after 12 years of school. Significantly more @entity1 , however, had completed only six years of school (relative risk, 2.13), were unemployed (relative risk, 3.76), were not married (relative risk, 3.50), and did not have @entity1 (relative risk, 3.00). CONCLUSIONS: Although the majority of @entity1 with @entity302 in childhood are free of @entity410 by the time they become adults, they are at increased risk for @entity6100 . @entity1 whose @entity302 does not remit also have an increased risk of @entity204 .

title: Long-term prognosis of XXXX with onset in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity6100 :: ('OMIM:300082', 'Disease') :: ['social and educational problems']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic impairment']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the intra-ocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effects of a selective Rho kinase inhibitor, ripasudil (K-115), over 24  hr in @entity1 with @entity725 ( @entity725 ) or @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ). METHODS: In this multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, 3-period, Latin-square crossover clinical study, 28 @entity1 with @entity725 or @entity2790 whose IOP level was 21  mmHg or higher were subdivided into three groups. Each @entity1 was treated with placebo and ripasudil in concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4%, at 9:00 and 21:00 on day 1 through a total of 3 periods separated by washout periods. IOP was measured at 9:00, 10:00, 11:00, 13:00, 16:00, 19:00, 21:00, 22:00 and 23:00 on day 1, and 1:00, 4:00, 7:00 and 9:00 on day 2 in sitting position using Goldmann applanation tonometer. Main outcome measure was the IOP reduction of placebo and ripasudil from baseline. RESULTS: The mean IOP reduction was -5.2  mmHg for 0.2%, -6.4  mmHg for 0.4% and -2.0  mmHg for placebo at 2  hr after the first instillation. Also, the corresponding values were -6.8  mmHg for 0.2%, -7.3  mmHg for 0.4% and -4.1  mmHg for placebo at 2  hr after the second instillation. Statistically significant IOP reduction, compared with placebo, was found for both 0.2 and 0.4% from 1 through 7  hr after each instillation. In safety, conjunctival hyperaemia was observed in 22 @entity1 (79%) for 0.2%, 27 @entity1 (96%) for 0.4% and three @entity1 (11%) for placebo. CONCLUSION: Ripasudil is a promising new topical medication to lower IOP for at least 7  hr after instillations in @entity1 with @entity725 or @entity2790 .

title: Intra-ocular pressure-lowering effects of a Rho kinase inhibitor, ripasudil (K-115), over 24  hours in @entity725 and XXXX : a randomized, open-label, crossover study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['OHT', 'ocular hypertension']

answer: @entity2790 :: (MESH:D009798,Disease) :: ['ocular hypertension']


abstract: The @entity3173 ( @entity3173 ) is a highly polymorphic genomic region that plays a central role in the immune system. Despite its functional consistency, the genomic structure of the @entity3173 differs substantially among organisms. In birds, the @entity3173 -B structures of Galliformes, including @entity1573 , have been well characterized, but information about other avian MHCs remains sparse. The Japanese @entity56272 ( @entity56272 , Pelecaniformes) is an internationally conserved, critically threatened species. The current Japanese population of @entity56272 originates from only five founders; thus, understanding the genetic diversity among these founders is critical for effective population management. Because of its high polymorphism and importance for disease resistance and other functions, the @entity3173 has been an important focus in the conservation of endangered species. Here, we report the structure and polymorphism of the Japanese @entity56272 @entity3173 class II region. Screening of genomic libraries allowed the construction of three contigs representing different haplotypes of @entity3173 class II regions. Characterization of genomic clones revealed that the @entity3173 class II genomic structure of @entity56272 was largely different from that of @entity1573 . A pair of @entity3173 -IIA and -IIB genes was arranged head-to-head between the @entity57914 and @entity57915 genes. Gene order in @entity56272 was more similar to that in @entity1 than to that in @entity1573 . The three haplotypes contained one to three copies of @entity3173 -IIA/IIB gene pairs. Genotyping of the @entity3173 class II region detected only three haplotypes among the five founders, suggesting that the genetic diversity of the current Japanese @entity56272 population is extremely low. The structure of the @entity3173 class II region presented here provides valuable insight for future studies on the evolution of the avian @entity3173 and for conservation of the Japanese @entity56272 .

title: Structure and Polymorphism of the Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Region in the Japanese @entity56272 , XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3173 :: ('MESH:D004830', 'Disease') :: ['MHC', 'major histocompatibility complex']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'chicken']

entities_list: @entity56272 :: ('128390', 'Species') :: ['N. nippon', 'Crested Ibis', 'Nipponia nippon']

answer: @entity56272 :: (128390,Species) :: ['Nipponia nippon']


abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated the feasibility of obtaining hair samples from @entity1 and @entity1 at community-based barbershops and hair salons for analysis of @entity701 and assessed sociodemographic and lifestyle correlates of hair @entity701 concentrations (HCCs). A total of 102 @entity1 completed the study. METHODS: Research staff interviewed @entity1 using a structured questionnaire, and samples of hair were collected. HCCs were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Age- and sex-adjusted linear regression models were used to evaluate the association of HCC with covariates. RESULTS:: Analyses by race/ethnicity showed highest median HCC in blacks (12.5 [6.9-29.3]) pg/mg) followed by Hispanics (10.7 [5.8-14.9] pg/mg), whites (5.0 [3.8-10.8] pg/mg), and other @entity1 (4.2 [3.3-15.7] pg/mg), P  <  .01. Current smokers had significantly higher median HCC (11.7 [8.8-18.9] pg/mg) compared with former smokers (4.6 [3.5-14.6] pg/mg) and those who had never smoked (6.9 [4.7-12.8] pg/mg), P  =  .04. After adjustment for age and sex, geometric mean HCC was 0.72  pg/mg lower in dyed hair compared with hair that was not dyed (b  =  -0.72, standard error  =  0.30, 95% confidence interval,  -1.29 to  -0.15, P  =  .02). CONCLUSIONS: HCC can be assessed in community-based studies. Future HCC studies should consider cosmetic hair treatment, cigarette smoking, and the potential role of psychosocial stressors in the association between race/ethnicity and HCC.

title: Hair XXXX in relation to sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics in a multiethnic US sample.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: We report a case with double primary @entity5 of different cell types without @entity4848 . The @entity1 was hospitalized due to progressive @entity2414 , @entity10 , @entity4653 and @entity1269 . Initial computed tomographic (CT) examinations revealed a large hyperdense @entity5 over the right frontal lobe, suggestive of an extra-axial @entity1653 . Additionally, there was unusual @entity2657 in the contralateral hemisphere that subsequently proved to originate from an intrinsic @entity5 . Staged craniotomies were used to treat the @entity1 . Pathological examinations confirmed the two @entity5 to be a @entity1653 and a @entity463 multiforme, respectively. The @entity1 made an uneventful recovery after treatment. Although @entity1653 and @entity11 represent two common primary @entity5 , the simultaneous development of the two @entity5 is rare. A randomly occurring event most likely accounted for this linkage in the @entity1 . We suggest that extraordinary @entity2657 far remote from the primary @entity75 warrants special attention for identifying other potentially undetected lesions.

title: Two primary brain tumors, @entity1653 and XXXX multiforme, in opposite hemispheres of the same @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intracranial tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['right hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity4848 :: ('MESH:D020752', 'Disease') :: ['phacomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Femoral (thigh) fractures are an important clinical problem commonly encountered by paramedics. These injuries are @entity158 , and the need for extrication and transport adds complexity to the management of this condition. Whereas traditional analgesia involves parenteral opioids, regional nerve blockade for @entity3330 have been demonstrated to be effective when performed by physicians. Regional peripheral nerve blockade performed by paramedics may be suitable in the prehospital setting. STUDY OBJECTIVES: To examine the efficacy and feasibility of paramedic-performed fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) for @entity1 with suspected @entity173 in the prehospital setting compared to intravenous @entity1286 alone. METHODS: Prior to treatment allocation, all @entity1 received a loading dose of @entity1286 intravenously, then received either 1) FICB using @entity3303 with @entity1425 ; or 2) standard care (further intravenous @entity1286 only) in this nonblinded, randomized control trial. @entity1 rated their @entity158 using a standard 11-point verbal numerical rating scale prior to and 15  min after receiving the allocated treatment. Secondary outcomes included effectiveness at other time points and incidence of adverse effects. RESULTS: We analyzed 11 and 13 @entity1 in the FICB and standard care groups, respectively. @entity1 treated with FICB had a greater reduction in their median @entity158 score than @entity1 in the standard care group (50% vs. 22%, p  =  0.025) after 15  min. In the FICB group, median @entity158 scores decreased by 5 (interquartile range 4-6), compared to 2 (interquartile range 0-4) in the standard care group. The FICB procedure did not significantly impact on scene times. No immediately obvious adverse events were noted in the 11 @entity1 who received FICB from paramedics. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that FICB can be performed by trained paramedics for @entity1 with suspected @entity3330 .

title: Paramedic-performed Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block for XXXX : A Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip or femur fractures']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fractures']

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['Femoral Fractures']


abstract: Numerous @entity1 @entity5 lines fail to induce major histocompatibility (MHC) class II expression following @entity379 ( @entity379 ) treatment, a response that is considered to be a normal function for almost all @entity1 parenchymal and connective tissue cell-types. The effect of MHC class II non-inducibility on solid @entity5 growth is controversial, but an extensive body of literature indicates that @entity5 cell MHC class II expression can lead to an antitumor response or @entity5 tolerance, depending on a number of variables. Thus, understanding the molecular basis for MHC class II induction failures in solid @entity5 cells will likely lead to ideas for manipulating the antitumor immune response. To date, a handful of @entity5 associated molecular anomalies have accounted for all the known failures of MHC class II inducibility. In @entity995 suppressor protein (Rb) has been shown in both @entity1 and @entity19 cells to be strongly associated with failure to induce MHC class II. The basis for this relationship is traceable to, among other things, high level @entity20170 DNA binding activity in Rb-defective cells, which represses the prototypical @entity1 MHC class II gene, @entity18621 . Ordinarily, re-establishment of Rb expression leads to elimination of, or substantially reduced @entity20170 DNA binding activity and to rescue of @entity18621 inducibility. However, in the case of one @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), Rb re-expression failed to rescue @entity18621 inducibility despite successful re-establishment of Rb-function. We now report that this failure is traceable to the failure of Rb to rescue normal @entity20170 function. Furthermore, histone deacetylase inhibitor treatment allows a bypass of the Rb requirement and facilitates the MHC class II induction in this @entity1149 line.

title: XXXX DNA binding activity unresponsive to @entity995 protein expression prevents MHC class II induction in a @entity1149 cell line.

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung carcinoma line']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['particular, lack of the retinoblastoma tumor']

answer: @entity20170 :: (5451,Gene) :: ['Oct-1']


abstract: A fully automatic method for analysis of @entity859 , @entity14572 , and @entity3625 / @entity3624 which combines the specificity of enzymatic catalysis and sensitivity of chemiluminescence is presented. The @entity273 formed by sequential catabolism of @entity3042 to @entity414 is detected by the oxidation of @entity6931 in the presence of peroxidase. The method takes advantage of the fact that light output in the @entity274 / @entity6931 system is transient. By adopting a two-step procedure this feature enables selective determination of @entity859 , @entity14572 , and @entity3625 / @entity3624 . In step 1 any purines lower in the catabolic sequence than the analyte under study are converted to @entity414 . Light emission is allowed to decay to baseline levels. During step 2 the analyte is selectively degraded. The @entity274 formed leads to a new light emission which is proportional to the square of analyte concentration. The method can be performed with commercially available reagents and enzymes and requires minimal processing of biological samples. Excellent agreement has been obtained with HPLC analysis. Sensitivity is in the range of 5-10 nmol/liter in as little as 0.1 ml. More than 200 samples per day can be analyzed by a single operator.

title: Chemiluminescent determination of @entity859 , @entity14572 , and XXXX / @entity3624 .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity3625 :: (MESH:D019271,Chemical) :: ['hypoxanthine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the efficacy of routine prenatal ultrasonography for detecting @entity2241 . DESIGN: Retrospective study of the ultrasonographic findings and outcome of all pregnancies in @entity1 scanned in 1988-9. SETTING: Maternity ultrasonography department of a district general hospital. SUBJECTS: 8785 fetuses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Correlation of prenatal ultrasonographic findings with outcome in the neonate. RESULTS: 8733 babies were born during 1988-9, and 52 pregnancies were terminated after a fetal @entity600 was identified. 8432 (95%) of the fetuses were examined by ultrasonography in the second trimester. 130 fetuses (1.5%) were found to have an abnormality at birth or after termination of pregnancy, 125 of which had been examined in the second trimester. In 93 cases the abnormality was detected before 24 weeks (sensitivity 74.4%, 95% confidence interval to 66.7% to 82.1%. Two false positive diagnoses occurred, in both cases the pregnancies were not terminated and apparently normal @entity1 were born. This gives a specificity of 99.98% (99.9% to 99.99%). The positive predictive value of ultrasonography in the second trimester was 97.9% (92.6% to 99.7%). Of the 125 abnormalities, 87 were lethal or severely disabling; 72 of the 87 were detected by the routine screening programme (sensitivity 82.8%, 73.2% to 90.0%). CONCLUSION: Routine fetal examination by ultrasonography in a low risk population detects many @entity2241 but can present several dilemmas in counselling.

title: Effectiveness of routine ultrasonography in detecting XXXX in a low risk population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal structural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

answer: @entity2241 :: (MESH:D005315,Disease) :: ['fetal structural abnormalities']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The co-occurrence of generalized @entity148 and @entity1314 suggests the existence of association between the neurobiological predispositions leading to the development of these disorders and activation of cytokine system. Pro-inflammatory chemokines such as @entity5737 / @entity5737 (regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) and @entity1570 / @entity1570 (stromal derived factor) play an important role in immune response. METHODS: A total of 160 @entity1 were enrolled in the study, 120 of whom comprised the study group ( @entity1 with the dual diagnosis of @entity1314 and generalized @entity148 ). The mean age was 41.4  3.5 years (range: 20-44 years). The control group consisted of 40 healthy individuals in the mean age of 40.8  3.1 years (range: 20-43 years). A blood sample was collected from each @entity1 and the plasma levels of the @entity2842 / @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ), @entity5737 and @entity1570 chemokines were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: Increased levels of @entity2842 and @entity1570 were found both in @entity1 and in @entity1 versus the control group for all types of @entity1314 . The levels of @entity5737 in @entity1 were significantly increased versus the control group and significantly higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 . Neither @entity1 nor @entity1 with avoidant or @entity3119 showed any significant differences in @entity2842 or SFD-1 levels. In subjects with @entity4225 , the levels of the study chemokines were higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study has shown the need for determination of proinflammatory interleukins which are considered as biomarkers of @entity1314 and @entity148 .

title: The @entity2842 , @entity5737 and @entity1570 chemokines as pro-inflammatory markers in generalized @entity148 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'participant', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4225 :: ('MESH:D001883', 'Disease') :: ['borderline personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'CCL-2', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'generalized anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorder', 'personality disorders']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive personality disorder']

answer: @entity1314 :: (MESH:D010554,Disease) :: ['personality disorders']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study sought to characterize transformation incidence and outcome for @entity1 with @entity706 ( @entity706 ) in a prospective observational series begun after diffusion of rituximab use. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity706 were prospectively enrolled onto the University of Iowa/Mayo Clinic Specialized Program of Research Excellence Molecular Epidemiology Resource from 2002 to 2009. @entity1 were actively followed for re-treatment, clinical or pathologic transformation, and @entity204 . Risk of transformation was analyzed via time to transformation by using @entity204 as a competing risk. RESULTS: In all, there were 631 @entity1 with newly diagnosed grade 1 to 3a @entity706 who had a median age at enrollment of 60 years. At a median follow-up of 60 months (range, 11 to 110 months), 79 @entity1 had died, and 60 @entity1 developed @entity706 , of which 51 were biopsy proven. The overall transformation rate at 5 years was 10.7%, with an estimated rate of 2% per year. Increased @entity880 dehydrogenase was associated with increased risk of transformation. Transformation rate at 5 years was highest in @entity1 who were initially observed and lowest in @entity1 who initially received @entity2408 monotherapy (14.4% v 3.2%; P = .021). Median overall survival following transformation was 50 months and was superior in @entity1 with transformation greater than 18 months after @entity706 diagnosis compared with @entity1 with earlier transformation (5-year overall survival, 66% v 22%; P < .001). CONCLUSION: Follicular transformation rates in the immunochemotherapy era are similar to risk of @entity204 without transformation and may be lower than reported in older series. Post-transformation prognosis is substantially better than described in older series. Initial management strategies may influence the risk of transformation.

title: Rates and outcomes of XXXX transformation in the immunochemotherapy era: a report from the University of Iowa/MayoClinic Specialized Program of Research Excellence Molecular Epidemiology Resource.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['FL', 'transformed lymphoma', 'follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2408 :: ('CHEBI:64357', 'Chemical') :: ['rituximab']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['follicular lymphoma']


abstract: Microarray analysis of @entity1 alcoholic brain and cultured cells exposed to @entity1068 showed significant changes in expression of genes related to immune or inflammatory responses, including chemokines and chemokine receptors. To test the hypothesis that chemokines exhibit previously undiscovered pleiotropic effects important for the behavioral actions of @entity1068 , we studied mutant @entity19 with deletion of the @entity13766 , @entity13945 , @entity1750 or @entity12427 genes. Deletion of @entity13766 , @entity1750 (females) or @entity12427 in @entity19 resulted in lower preference for @entity167 and consumption of lower amounts of @entity167 in a two-bottle choice test as compared with wild-type @entity19 . @entity1068 treatment (2.5 g/kg, i.p.) induced stronger conditioned taste aversion in @entity13766 , @entity1750 or @entity12427 null mutant @entity19 than in controls. @entity13766 and @entity13945 null mutant @entity19 did not differ from wild-type @entity19 in @entity1068 -induced loss of righting reflex (LORR), but @entity19 lacking @entity1750 or @entity12427 showed longer LORR than wild-type @entity19 . There were no differences between mutant strains and wild-type @entity19 in severity of @entity1068 -induced withdrawal. Genetic mapping of chromosome 11 for the @entity1750 and @entity12427 genes (46.5 and 47.6 cM, respectively) revealed that an @entity167 -induced LORR QTL region was contained within the introgressed region derived from 129/SvJ, which may cause some behavioral phenotypes observed in the null @entity19 . On the contrary, known QTLs on Chr 9 are outside of 129/SvJ region in @entity13766 and @entity13945 (71.9 and 72.0 cM, respectively) null mutant @entity19 . These data show that disruption of the chemokine network interferes with motivational effects of @entity167 .

title: Perturbation of chemokine networks by gene deletion alters the reinforcing actions of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: Flooding stress causes growth inhibition and ultimately death in most crop species by limiting of energy production. To better understand plant responses to flooding stress, here, flooding-responsive proteins in the cotyledons of @entity1460 were identified using a gel-free quantitative proteomic approach. One hundred forty six proteins were commonly observed in both control and flooding-stressed plants, and 19 were identified under only flooding stress conditions. The main functional categories were protein and development-related proteins. Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed that zincin-like metalloprotease and cupin family proteins were found to highly interact with other proteins under flooding stress. Plant stearoyl acyl-carrier protein, @entity9050 peroxidase 1, and secretion-associated RAS superfamily 2 were down-regulated, whereas ferretin 1 was up-regulated at the transcription level. Notably, the levels of all corresponding proteins were decreased, indicating that mRNA translation to proteins is impaired under flooding conditions. Decreased levels of @entity61857 may lead to a strong deregulation of the expression of several metal transporter genes and over-accumulation of @entity68 , which led to increased levels of reactive @entity26 species, resulting to detoxification of these reactive species. Taken together, these results suggest that @entity61857 might have an essential role in protecting plant cells against oxidative damage under flooding conditions. Biological significance This study reported the comparative proteomic analysis of cotyledon of @entity1460 plants between non-flooding and flooding conditions using the gel-free quantitative techniques. Mass spectrometry analysis of the proteins from cotyledon resulted in the identification of a total of 165 proteins under flooding stress. These proteins were assigned to different functional categories, such as protein, development, stress, redox, and glycolysis. Therefore, this study provides not only the comparative proteomic analysis but also the molecular mechanism underlying the flooding responsive protein functions in the cotyledon.

title: Gel-free quantitative proteomic approach to identify cotyledon proteins in XXXX under flooding stress.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate']

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['soybean']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of long-term treatment with @entity205 (CsA) in @entity1 with @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ). METHODS: Sixty @entity1 with @entity5144 were enrolled in a prospective, nonrandomised study of CsA. @entity1 with @entity101 or hypercreatinemia were excluded. Disease activity was evaluated according to clinical activity measures and the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI). Assessments were made at baseline and after 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Measurements. The primary endpoints were 20% and 50% improvement in disease activity according to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) responses at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Other endpoints were 70% ACR responses at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months and other measures of disease activity at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity1 completed the 24-month of treatment with CsA. When all the clinical variables throughout the study were compared with baseline results, they all showed significant improvement after 6 months of treatment. Erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR) reached a significant improvement after 12 months of treatment (P<0.05). The PASI scores decreased from 15.1+/-4.3 to 5.2+/-2.7 after 24 months of treatment (P<0.001). Side effects included @entity12737 (24% of @entity1 ), @entity1373 (12%), gastrointestinal intolerance (9%), @entity101 (21%), @entity16 (7%), and nephrotoxicity (17%). Three @entity1 withdrew due to treatment failure. One @entity1 was lost to follow-up, and seven @entity1 withdrew due to side effects. CONCLUSIONS: @entity205 represents a helpful second-choice treatment for @entity1 with active @entity5144 . Administration of CsA necessitates expert and careful follow-up of @entity1 .

title: Long-term safety and efficacy of low-dose XXXX in severe @entity5144 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['gum hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity12737 :: ('MESH:D006983', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrichosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disturbance']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['PsA', 'psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A', 'Cyclosporin A']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporin A']


abstract: The effect of @entity2944 on outwardly rectifying currents was examined in locus coeruleus (LC) neurons in slices from neonatal @entity35 [postnatal day 3 (P3)-P15]. Two outwardly rectifying currents [ @entity973 ( @entity974 )-sensitive transient current and @entity5128 ( @entity1041 )-sensitive sustained current] were found in LC neurons. 4-AP induced a membrane depolarization of 3.6    0.6 mV (n = 4), while @entity1041 induced a smaller membrane depolarization of 1.2    0.3 mV (n = 4). @entity520 ( @entity520 ) inhibited both currents. The maximal amplitude of the @entity1041 -sensitive current was reduced by 52.1    4.5% (n = 5) in 15% @entity515 [extracellular pH (pHo) 7.00, intracellular pH ( @entity11840 ) 6.96]. The maximal amplitude of the 4-AP-sensitive current was reduced by 34.5    3.0% (n = 6) in 15% @entity515 (pHo 7.00, @entity11840 6.96), by 29.4    6.8% (n = 6) in 10% @entity515 (pHo 7.15, @entity11840 7.14), and increased by 29.0    6.4% (n = 6) in 2.5% @entity515 (pHo 7.75, @entity11840 7.35). 4-AP completely blocked @entity2944 -induced increased firing rate, but @entity1041 did not affect it. When LC neurons were exposed to @entity520 with either pHo or @entity11840 constant, the 4-AP-sensitive current was inhibited. The data show that the 4-AP-sensitive current (likely an A current) is inhibited by decreases in either pHo or @entity11840 . The change of the A current by various levels of @entity515 is correlated with the change in firing rate induced by @entity515 , implicating the 4-AP-sensitive current in chemosensitive signaling in LC neurons.

title: Transient outwardly rectifying A currents are involved in the firing rate response to altered @entity515 in chemosensitive locus coeruleus neurons from neonatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethyl ammonium']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercapnic acidosis', 'HA']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Changes in the practice of medicine may be affecting how much time physicians spend with their @entity1 . Economic pressures in some health systems may limit how much time @entity1 spend with doctors. Inefficiencies associated with the use of EMR potentially could lengthen the duration of office visits. OBJECTIVE: To assess trends in the duration of @entity272 visits over the last two decades. METHODS: @entity272 visits were selected from the 1993-2010 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Changes in overall number of visits per dermatologist, variation in visit duration, and differences by specialty in visit duration were assessed. RESULTS: The mean duration of @entity272 visits increased over time for both dermatologists (b=0.24 minutes) and nondermatologists (b=0.19, both P<0.0001). For visits with a sole diagnosis of @entity272 , dermatologist visits were shorter (14.7 minutes) than nondermatologist visits (16.4 minutes, P<0.0001). Visits for unspecified warts, @entity483 , unspecified @entity1909 , and acne grew significantly longer over time. In a multivariate analysis, older age, later year, nondermatology specialty, new @entity1 status, procedure performed, private insurance, no physician extender involvement, and electronic medical records were associated with longer visit duration. LIMITATIONS: The data are not informative about the quality of the time physicians spend with @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Economic pressures have, so far, not reduced the average time physicians spend in direct contact with @entity1 .

title: Is the duration of XXXX visits decreasing in the united states?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Skin disease', 'skin disease']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Apoptosis is involved in the mechanism of @entity1798 ( @entity1798 ). @entity588 has been shown to play an anti-apoptosis role. The present study aims to examine the association of @entity61427 polymorphism of the @entity588 gene with the presence and severity of @entity1798 in the Chinese Han population. METHODS: This study consisted of 325 @entity1 with @entity1798 and 236 normal controls. The grade of @entity1797 was determined according to Schneiderman's classification for MRI. @entity61427 polymorphism was determined by "slow-down" polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. RESULTS: The genotype frequency of @entity61427 polymorphism was consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p = 0.136). Higher frequencies of -938CA and AA genotypes were found in @entity1 with @entity1798 compared with normal controls (p = 0.019). Furthermore, there were higher frequencies of the A allele in @entity1798 @entity1 than in normal controls (p = 0.005). Unconditional logistic regression analysis revealed that -938CA and AA genotypes were significantly associated with the presence of @entity1798 compared with CC genotype (p = 0.041; OR 1.449; 95% CI 1.015 - 2.067 and p = 0.015; OR 2.102; 95% CI 1.158 - 3.813, respectively). The A allele was significantly associated with the susceptibility to @entity1798 compared with the C allele (p = 0.005; OR 1.436; 95% CI 1.113 - 1.851). In addition, -938CA and AA genotypes, as well as the A allele were found to be associated with the risk for higher degenerative grades of @entity1798 compared with the CC genotype and C allele, respectively (p = 0.017 and p = 0.003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity61427 polymorphism of @entity588 may be associated with the presence and severity of @entity1798 in the Chinese Han population.

title: Association of @entity588 polymorphism with the presence and severity of XXXX in the Chinese Han population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1798 :: ('MESH:C535531', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc disease', 'LDD']

answer: @entity1797 :: (MESH:D055959,Disease) :: ['lumbar disc degeneration']


abstract: The primary objective of the study was to determine the impact of the identity of the respondent (parents versus adolescents) on prevalence estimates of @entity1109 in Swiss adolescents. In addition, factors influencing agreement between parents' and adolescents' responses to the same questions were analysed. One thousand three hundred and seventy-four (78.4%) adolescents, aged 14 years, self-completed a questionnaire at school based on the International Study of Asthma and @entity566 in Childhood (ISAAC) core questions on wheezing and @entity565 . The same questions were incorporated into a questionnaire to be completed by the parents at home. The adolescents' self-reported prevalence rates of current @entity1109 and " @entity565 ever" were significantly higher than those obtained from the parental questionnaires. 856 (62.6%) parental questionnaires were filled in by parents without the help of the adolescents, 460 (37.4%) were completed by parents and adolescents and 51 (3.7%) were completed by the adolescents without the parents. Prevalence rates were higher when parents and adolescents completed the questionnaire jointly than when questionnaires were completed by parents alone. The level of agreement between parental and self-completed questionnaires was moderate to low (kappa coefficients 0.22-0.68). Agreement between parental and adolescents reports of @entity1109 was best when questionnaires were completed jointly by parents and adolescents, when the adolescent was a @entity1 , when a family history of @entity565 was recorded, when the adolescent was a non-smoker, and when the parental education was high. We conclude that the higher reporting of prevalence rates of current @entity1109 by adolescents compared to reporting by their parents demonstrates the need to take the respondent to a questionnaire into account when comparisons are made between prevalence studies. The results also suggest that factors related to the family milieu influence symptom reporting.

title: Comparison of responses to an XXXX symptom questionnaire (ISAAC core questions) completed by adolescents and their parents. SCARPOL-Team. Swiss Study on Childhood @entity566 and Respiratory Symptoms with respect to Air Pollution.

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['asthma symptoms']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the levels of agreement among first- and second-year veterinary students and experienced anesthesiologists in assessing @entity282 in @entity235 from video-recordings. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: Twenty-seven veterinary students, five anesthesiologists and 13 @entity235 clinical @entity1 . METHODS: Prior to their enrolment in a core anesthesia course, veterinary students volunteered to watch 13  90  second videos of @entity235 . @entity235 were hospitalized in an intensive care unit after a variety of surgical procedures. Students were asked to score the level of the @entity235 ' @entity158 using the Dynamic Interactive Visual Analog Scale and the Short Form of the Glasgow Composite-Measure @entity158 Scale. The same videotapes were scored by five board-certified anesthesiologists. The differences and agreement between the ratings of anesthesiologists and students, and first- and second-year students were determined with Mann-Whitney U-tests and Fleiss' or Cohen's kappa, respectively. RESULTS: @entity158 scores assigned by students and anesthesiologists differed significantly (p  <  0.01). Students assigned higher @entity158 scores to @entity235 that were given low @entity158 scores by anesthesiologists, and lower @entity158 scores to @entity235 deemed to be in more @entity158 by anesthesiologists. On average, students assigned higher scores on both scales. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Veterinary students early in their training assigned @entity158 scores to @entity235 that differed from scores assigned by experienced anesthesiologists.

title: Agreement between veterinary students and anesthesiologists regarding XXXX assessment in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: Developmental and environmental signals control a precise program of growth, proliferation, and cell death. This program ensures that animals reach, but do not exceed, their typical size . Understanding how cells sense the limits of tissue size and respond accordingly by exiting the cell cycle or undergoing apoptosis has important implications for both developmental and @entity5 biology. The Hippo (Hpo) pathway comprises the kinases Hpo and @entity61323 ( @entity61323 ), the adaptors Salvador (Sav) and @entity61324 as a @entity5 suppressor (Mats), the cytoskeletal proteins Expanded and @entity24922 , and the transcriptional cofactor @entity26879 ( @entity26879 ) . This pathway has been shown to restrict cell division and promote apoptosis. The caspase repressor @entity19932 appears to be a primary target of the Hpo pathway in cell-death control. Firstly, Hpo promotes @entity19932 phosphorylation, likely decreasing its stability. Secondly, @entity61323 phosphorylates and inactivates @entity26879 , decreasing @entity19932 transcription. Although we understand some of the events downstream of the Hpo kinase, its mode of activation remains mysterious. Here, we show that Hpo can be activated by Ionizing Radiations (IR) in a @entity61325 ( @entity238 @entity61325 )-dependent manner and that Hpo is required (though not absolutely) for the cell death response elicited by IR or @entity61325 ectopic expression.

title: XXXX activates the Hippo pathway to promote cell death in response to DNA damage.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']

answer: @entity61325 :: (2768677(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['Dmp53']


abstract: AIMS: A histopathological review of 43 cases of @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) in an attempt to identify histological variables of prognostic importance. METHOD: Each case was reclassified according to the Working Formulation and an attempt made to allocate an immunophenotype using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Results were correlated with clinical data on site and survival. RESULTS: Of the 43 cases, 30 were males and 13 females. There were 17 cases of @entity981 , 15 cases of small non-cleaved cell lymphoma (SNCC), and four cases of @entity706 . The SNCC group was subdivided into 10 cases of @entity2109 and five cases of @entity2109 . An immunophenotype was allocated in 65.1% of cases (23 B, 5 T). The SNCC cases were spread throughout the 0-16 year age range while the @entity981 cases tended to occur in older @entity1 . Most mediastinal @entity5 were @entity981 and most @entity5 were SNCC. Statistical analysis failed to show a significant difference in survival among histological subgroups or immunophenotypes. CONCLUSION: No histological variables of prognostic importance were identified partly due to the great variation in treatment regimens, standard of supportive care, and prognosis over the period of the study (1972 to 1988).

title: XXXX in Yorkshire.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoblastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['large cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal tumours', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ["non-Burkitt's lymphoma", "Burkitt's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', "childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Childhood lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to compare the each clinical manifestation related with its mean survival time of @entity13305 ( @entity13305 ) of gastric origin versus with that of colorectal origin. METHODS: A total of 156 consecutive @entity1 diagnosed with @entity13305 of the ovary who underwent surgical treatment at a single institution between 2001 and 2010 were retrospectively evaluated. Each clinical manifestation related with its mean survival time compared two different groups. Survival analyses and comparisons were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Among the 156 @entity1 with KT, 111 @entity1 with @entity13305 of gastric origin and 45 @entity1 with @entity13305 of colorectal origin were identified. For all @entity1 with @entity13305 , median survival time was 22.7 months. Each mean survival time among all @entity1 with @entity13305 of gastric origin and colorectal origin was 19.2 months and 27.3 months. The results showed that mean survival time of postmenopausal @entity1 was 19.0 months compared with 32.5 months for premenopausal @entity1 (P=0.015). Among all @entity1 , mean survival time of those with @entity5 was longer than those with @entity5 (P=0.001). In all cases, especially when only one ovary was invaded, the mean survival time was relatively higher (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity13305 of colorectal origin had a better prognosis than those of gastric origin. In all cases of KT, the mean survival time was significantly longer in postmenoposal @entity1 , metachronous disease and unilateral ovarian involvement. Notably, synchronous, ascites positive, and ovary only metastasis showed more longer mean survival time in the @entity13305 of colorectal origin than @entity13305 of gastric origin.

title: XXXX of gastric origin versus colorectal origin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metachronous cancer', 'synchronous cancer']

entities_list: @entity13305 :: ('MESH:D007725', 'Disease') :: ['Krukenberg tumors', 'KTs']

answer: @entity13305 :: (MESH:D007725,Disease) :: ['Krukenberg tumors']


abstract: T-cell-mediated immunity is known to play a central role in the host response to @entity5132 . T-cell clones are useful tools for the exact identification of fungal T-cell epitopes and the processing requirements of C. albicans antigens. We isolated @entity1 T-cell clones from an @entity1533 *1101 healthy donor by using an antigenic extract ( @entity40639 ) of the fungus. Specific clones were T-cell receptor alpha/beta and @entity404 (+)/ @entity405 (-) and showed a T-helper type 1 cytokine profile (production of gamma interferon and not @entity3646 ). The large majority of these clones recognized both the natural (highly glycosylated) and the recombinant (nonglycosylated) 65-kDa mannoprotein (MP65), an @entity40639 minor constituent that was confirmed to be an immunodominant antigen of the @entity1 T-cell response. Surprisingly, most of the clones recognized two synthetic peptides of different MP65 regions. However, the peptides shared the @entity535 motif IXSXIXXL, which may be envisaged as a motif sequence representing the minimal epitope recognized by these clones. Three clones recognized natural and pronase-treated MP65 but did not detect nonglycosylated, recombinant MP65 or the peptides, suggesting a possible role for polysaccharides in T-cell recognition of @entity5132 . Finally, lymphoblastoid B-cell lines were efficient antigen-presenting cells (APC) for recombinant MP65 and peptides but failed to present natural, glycosylated antigens, suggesting that nonprofessional APC might be defective in processing highly glycosylated @entity375 proteins. In conclusion, this study provides the first characterization of @entity5132 -specific @entity1 T-cell clones and provides new clues for the definition of the cellular immune response against @entity5132 .

title: Antigenic properties and processing requirements of 65-kilodalton mannoprotein, a major antigen target of anti-Candida XXXX T-cell response, as disclosed by specific @entity1 T-cell clones.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['C. albicans', 'Candida albicans']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Nephron-sparing surgery was initially limited to the @entity1 with @entity703 ( @entity703 ) present bilaterally or in a solitary kidney. Recently there is controversy in the indication for partial nephrectomy or enucleation to incidentally defined small @entity703 with normal opposite kidney. We examined the incidence of multicentricity in 43 kidneys removed for @entity703 with a diameter of less than 80 mm. The mean diameter of the predominant @entity5 was 45 mm (range 12 to 80 mm). The kidneys were serially sectioned at 5 mm intervals. Three of 43 kidneys (7%) had multiple @entity703 . The size of the concomitant @entity5 ranged from 2 to 15 mm. The multicentricity had no relation to pathological grade, stage, vascular invasion or infiltration pattern. In addition, the other 4 kidneys had 2 @entity652 , 1 @entity359 and 1 @entity81 . Therefore we observed a 16% incidence of small renal nodules and a 7% multicentricity of @entity703 in the nephrectomized kidneys with normal opposite kidney.

title: [Multicentricity and concomitant XXXX in renal cell carcinoma: analysis by serial section of resected kidneys].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibroma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['localized renal cancer', 'RCC']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: A higher-than-average rate of @entity1349 has been postulated to be associated with the combination of a @entity702 stem and bone cement. In this prospective follow-up study we therefore investigated our first consecutive series of 250 implantations of a cemented femoral shaft prosthesis made of @entity702 alloy (BiCONTACT((R)), Aesculap, Tuttlingen, Germany). Average time of follow-up evaluation was 9.7 years (range 8.7-10.3 years). At follow-up, mean @entity1 age was 81 years; 89 @entity1 with 93 hips have deceased and two could not be located. Follow-up rate was 98.7% for the @entity1 still alive at time of follow-up evaluation. Five @entity1 have been revised, two for @entity281 and one for @entity1349 of a varus-malaligned stem; two radiologically well-fixed stems had been revised during acetabular revision. Survival estimate showed a calculated cumulative survival rate of 97.5% after 11 years [confidence limits: 99.0% (upper) and 94.1% (lower)]. The average Harris hip score at time of follow-up was 82.25 points.Radiologically, signs of loosening could be detected in 3 stems: in one case varus @entity893 with time and in 2 cases osteolyses developed together with significant @entity691 wear. All 3 @entity1 experienced only mild @entity158 and revision had not been indicated so far. In conclusion, the long-term follow-up results with this cemented @entity702 femoral component are encouraging and are comparable to other successful cemented femoral components in primary total hip arthroplasty. No increased risk for aseptical loosening was associated to the combination of @entity702 and cement in this specific stem. Design parameters seem to play an important role in the development of @entity1349 in cemented @entity702 stems.

title: [Good long term results with a cemented straight femoral shaft prosthesis made of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['malalignement deteriorated']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many studies have reported the oncological outcomes between open radical nephroureterectomy (ONU) and laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy (LNU) of @entity189 ( @entity189 ). However, few data have focused on the oncological outcomes of LNU in the subgroup of localized and/or locally advanced @entity189 ( @entity62573 /N0-X). The purpose of this study was to compare the oncological outcomes of LNU vs. ONU for the treatment in @entity1 with @entity62573 /N0-X @entity189 . METHODS: We collected and analyzed the data and clinical outcomes retrospectively for 265 @entity1 who underwent radical nephroureterectomy for @entity62573 /N0-X @entity189 between April 2000 and April 2013 at two Chinese tertiary hospitals. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox's proportional hazards model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The mean @entity1 age was 62.0  years and the median follow-up was 60.0  months. Of the 265 @entity1 , 213 (80.4%) underwent conventional ONU, and 52 (19.6%) @entity1 underwent LNU. The groups differed significantly in their presence of previous @entity3041 , presence of previous bladder @entity189 , and management of distal ureter (P   <   0.05). The predicted 5-year intravesical @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) (79% vs. 88%, P   =   0.204), overall @entity1349 (47% vs. 59%, P   =   0.076), @entity5 -specific survival (CSS) (63% vs. 70%, P   =   0.186), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) (61% vs. 55%, P   =   0.908) rates did not differ between the ONU and LNU groups. Multivariable Cox proportional regression analysis showed that surgical approach was not significantly associated with intravesical @entity1349 (odds ratio [OR] 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.46-3.65, P   =   0.622), Overall @entity1349 (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.54-1.83, P   =   0.974), CSS (OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.616-3.13, P   =   0.444), or @entity1349 (OR 1.61, 95% CI 0.81-3.17, P   =   0.17). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this retrospective study showed no statistically significant differences in intravesical @entity1349 , overall @entity1349 , CSS, or @entity1349 between the laparoscopy and the open groups. Thus, LNU can be an alternative to the open procedure for @entity62573 /N0-X @entity189 . Further studies, including a multi-institutional, prospective study are required to confirm these findings.

title: Laparoscopic versus open nephroureterectomy to treat localized and/or locally advanced XXXX : oncological outcomes from a multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'upper tract urothelial carcinoma', 'UTUC']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'overall survival', 'recurrence- free survival']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['upper tract urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lowering low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) levels reduces the risk of @entity301 . The introduction of a highly efficacious new @entity1780 , @entity8671 , may enable more @entity1 to be treated to LDL-C goal within a fixed budget. OBJECTIVES: To compare the cost-effectiveness of @entity8671 10 mg and @entity2993 10 mg in lowering LDL-C and achieving guideline goals after 12 weeks of treatment. The LDL-C goals were those recommended by the National @entity165 Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATP) III and the Third Joint European Task Force. METHODS: The analysis was performed on pooled data from three clinical trials. Efficacy was measured as the percent reduction in LDL-C and the proportion of @entity1 who reached guideline LDL-C goals following the first 12 weeks of treatment, prior to dose titration. Costs comprised drug acquisition costs only. The cost-effectiveness measures were cost per 1% reduction in LDL-C and cost per @entity1 treated to their LDL-C goal. RESULTS: Treatment with @entity8671 10 mg costs 1.85 per 1% reduction in LDL-C, compared with 2.37 per 1% reduction with @entity2993 10 mg. The average costs per @entity1 treated to the European LDL-C goals were 130.18 for @entity8671 10 mg and 242.44 for @entity2993 10 mg. Treating to NCEP ATP III goals costs 115 per @entity1 treated with @entity8671 10 mg vs. 163 per @entity1 treated with @entity2993 10 mg. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8671 has the same acquisition costs as and is more efficacious than @entity2993 in lowering LDL-C and treating @entity1 to target LDL-C levels.

title: @entity8671 is cost-effective compared with XXXX in reaching @entity165 goals.

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity8671 :: ('MESH:C422923', 'Chemical') :: ['rosuvastatin', 'Rosuvastatin']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity2993 :: (MESH:C065179,Chemical) :: ['atorvastatin']


abstract: Onset of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) plays a causative role in @entity63 /reperfusion (I/R) injury. Current therapeutic strategies for reducing @entity5721 remain disappointing. Autophagy is a lysosome-mediated, catabolic process that timely eliminates abnormal or damaged cellular constituents and organelles such as dysfunctional mitochondria. I/R induces @entity460 overloading and calpain activation, leading to degradation of key autophagy-related proteins (Atg). @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ), an FDA-approved anticonvulsant drug, has recently been reported to increase autophagy. We investigated the effects of @entity2050 on hepatic I/R injury. Hepatocytes and livers from male C57BL/6 @entity19 were subjected to simulated in vitro, as well as in vivo I/R, respectively. Cell death, intracellular @entity460 , calpain activity, changes in autophagy-related proteins (Atg), autophagic flux, MPT and mitochondrial membrane potential after I/R were analyzed in the presence and absence of 20  M @entity2050 . @entity2050 significantly increased hepatocyte viability after reperfusion. Confocal microscopy revealed that @entity2050 prevented @entity460 overloading, the onset of the MPT and mitochondrial depolarization. Immunoblotting and fluorometric analysis showed that @entity2050 blocked calpain activation, depletion of @entity30527 and Beclin-1 and loss of autophagic flux after reperfusion. Intravital multiphoton imaging of anesthetized @entity19 demonstrated that @entity2050 substantially reversed autophagic defects and @entity2383 after I/R in vivo. In conclusion, @entity2050 prevents @entity460 overloading and calpain activation, which, in turn, suppresses @entity30527 and Beclin-1 depletion, defective autophagy, onset of the MPT and cell death after I/R.

title: @entity2049 suppresses calpain-mediated autophagy impairment after @entity63 /reperfusion in XXXX livers.

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical characteristics and survival of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity153 during the years 2000 and 2001 in a tertiary level hospital. @entity1 AND METHODS: Data were collected from our hospital's @entity5 registry and validated with independent sources. Of all the @entity1 diagnosed with or treated for @entity153 in our hospital, only those from our health care area were selected. RESULTS: During the 2-year study period, 482 @entity1 were diagnosed. Of those, 91% were @entity1 . The mean (SD) age was 66.6 (9.65) years. Large cell @entity189 accounted for 29.4% of cases. Of all the cases of @entity153 , 41.3% were diagnosed in stage IV. Thirty percent of @entity4153 were classified as stage I, compared to 6% of @entity4153 (P< .001). The most frequent treatment was chemotherapy (42.1%) and 20% of @entity1 underwent surgery. The overall 5-year survival rate was 13% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10%-16%), while survival was significantly lower in @entity1 aged 68 years or older (95% CI, 3%-15%; P< .001) and in @entity1 with @entity4153 (0%, P< .01). CONCLUSIONS: Our recent experience (2000-2001) confirmed the advanced age of @entity1 with @entity153 , the frequency of diagnosis in advanced stages of the disease (41% in stage IV), and the low overall 5-year survival rate (13%).

title: [ XXXX 2000-2001: characteristics and overall survival].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma', 'non-small cell carcinomas', 'small cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchogenic carcinoma']

answer: @entity153 :: (MESH:D002283,Disease) :: ['Bronchogenic carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4536 is a neglected, vector-borne @entity4801 and is responsible for persistent, often disfiguring lesions and other associated complications. @entity3667 , causing @entity4536 ( @entity4536 ) in the Old World are mainly transmitted by the predominant sand @entity238 vector, Phlebotomus papatasi. To date, there is no efficient control measure or vaccine available for this widespread insect-borne @entity166 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A survey was carried out to study the abundance of different natural gut flora in P. papatasi, with the long-term goal of generating a paratransgenic sand @entity238 that can potentially block the development of @entity3667 in the sand @entity238 gut, thereby preventing transmission of @entity3667 in @entity66 foci. Sand flies, in particular, P. papatasi were captured from different habitats of various parts of the world. Gut microbes were cultured and identified using 16S ribosomal DNA analysis and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. We found variation in the species and abundance of gut flora in flies collected from different habitats. However, a few Gram-positive, nonpathogenic bacteria including Bacillus flexus and @entity19344 were common in most of the sites examined. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results indicate that there is a wide range of variation of aerobic gut flora inhabiting sand @entity238 guts, which possibly reflect the ecological condition of the habitat where the @entity238 breeds. Also, some species of bacteria ( @entity19344 , and B. flexus) were found from most of the habitats. Important from an applied perspective of dissemination, our results support a link between oviposition induction and adult gut flora.

title: Naturally occurring culturable aerobic gut flora of adult Phlebotomus papatasi, vector of XXXX in the Old World.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['endemic disease']

entities_list: @entity3667 :: ('5664', 'Species') :: ['leishmania', 'Leishmania']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis', 'Cutaneous leishmaniasis', 'ZCL']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic disease']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

answer: @entity3667 :: (5664,Species) :: ['Leishmania major']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Brucellosis, a @entity2927 , was most widely diagnosed by the Brucella standard @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ). No previous publication has demonstrated a correlation between the degree of @entity1062 positivity and the severity of @entity281 . OBJECTIVE: To contribute to the clarification of the relationship between patelets and @entity3377 . It is also aimed at evaluating the usefulness of the @entity1062 titer as a measure of @entity3377 severity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We compared the control (n=60) and @entity1 (n=96) groups in terms of mean platelet volume ( @entity6688 ), @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) and platelet values. @entity1 were grouped according to their degree of agglutination positivity titers and compared by means of @entity1851 , @entity6688 and platelet values. We also investigated the relationship among logarithmic values of @entity6688 , platelet and @entity1851 parameters for each group. RESULTS: Although statistically meaningful difference was observed between control and @entity1 group in terms of @entity6688 and platelet value, there were no statistically significant differences observed among @entity1 groups. The physiological negative correlation between @entity6688 and platelet count was not encountered in group 2 and 3. Logarithmic values of @entity1851 were not correlated with logarithmic values of @entity6688 and platelet counts. CONCLUSION: The @entity6688 could be a new parameter to evaluate @entity1503 in @entity1 with @entity3377 . The @entity1062 titer was not a useful measure for evaluation of the severity of @entity3377 .

title: Mean platelet volume in XXXX : correlation between brucella standard @entity1062 results, platelet count, and @entity1851 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity2927 :: ('MESH:D015047', 'Disease') :: ['zoonotic infection']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis infection']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['SAT', 'Brucella SAT agglutination', 'serum agglutination test']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity3377 :: (MESH:D002006,Disease) :: ['brucellosis']


abstract: AIMS: There is no consensus on the best surgical treatment for @entity5 (ALT) of the extremities; furthermore, the appropriate duration for follow-up observation remains unclear. We investigated clinical and functional median-term outcomes in the primary operations for ALT of the extremities in order to find its best treatment methods and observation periods. METHODS: From 1996 to 2009, we diagnosed 41 @entity1 with deep-seated ALT of the extremities. Wide resection was performed on 11 @entity1 and marginal resection was performed on 30 @entity1 . The minimum follow-up was 5 years (median, 8.5; range, 5-17.4). @entity1 were evaluated for their local recurrence, dedifferentiation, and post-operative function using the ISOLS/MSTS scoring system. RESULTS: Recurrence and dedifferentiation rates were both 0% for the wide resection group, while the rates were 23% (7/30) and 3% (1/30) for the marginal resection group, respectively. Median duration before recurrence was 7.2 years (range, 4.0-14.2). Local recurrence-free survival rate was significantly higher in the wide resection group (P  =  0.013). In the marginal resection group, 10% (3/30) of the cases showed @entity41 . The localization of these @entity5 was all intermuscular. The ISOLS/MSTS scores were 98% (range, 90-100) for wide resection and 99% (range, 93-100) for marginal resection, with no statistical difference (P  =  0.694). No ALT-related @entity204 occurred during the observation period. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to long-term (at least 8 years) of continuous observation, a wide resection is necessary in order to prevent recurrence, dedifferentiation, and @entity41 .

title: Clinical outcome of XXXX of the extremities with median-term follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['deep-seated atypical lipomatous tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['deep-seated atypical lipomatous tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is highly accurate in identifying and locating @entity385 . Few studies using DWI have investigated large subcortical @entity1188 (LSIs). We aimed to study clinical characteristics, cause, and outcome in @entity1 with @entity385 with LSI diagnosed on DWI and compare these with those who had lacunar @entity66 or @entity66 located elsewhere. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity64 admitted between February 2006 and July 2013 were prospectively registered in a @entity64 database and examined with DWI. @entity1 with @entity66 classified as LSI (subcortical, >= 15 mm) were compared with those with @entity75 (subcortical, <15 mm, @entity1188 [ @entity1188 ]), @entity75 (cortical @entity1188 [CI]), or no LSI, which included @entity1188 , CI, mixed @entity76 , brain stem, and combined lesion locations. RESULTS: A total of 1886 @entity1 with @entity385 were included, of which 128 @entity1 (6.8%) had LSI, 317 (16.8%) @entity1188 , and 544 (28.8%) CI. The no LSI group included 1758 @entity1 . Occlusive pathology in the proximal middle cerebral artery was more frequent in @entity1 with @entity64 with LSI. @entity8987 was associated with LSI when compared with CI and no LSI. Unknown cause was frequent in the LSI group (60.4%) and independently associated with LSI in the LSI versus @entity1188 (P<0.001), LSI versus CI (P=0.002), and LSI versus no LSI population (P<0.001). LSI was independently associated with unfavorable outcome, whether compared with @entity1188 (P=0.002), CI (P<0.001), or no LSI (P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: LSI is associated with distinct clinical characteristics, unknown cause, and unfavorable outcome, which separates this @entity64 entity from @entity1 with lacunar subcortical @entity66 or @entity66 located elsewhere.

title: A dark side of subcortical XXXX ? Characteristics, cause, and outcome in large subcortical @entity1188 : the bergen norwegian @entity64 cooperation study.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DWI lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cortical lesions', 'lacunar lesions']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['LI', 'infarctions', 'infarction', 'lacunar infarction']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cortical-subcortical, cerebellar']

entities_list: @entity8987 :: ('MESH:D059409', 'Disease') :: ['Lacunar syndrome']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke injury', 'ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['diffusion-weighted lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The significance of @entity2299 in @entity1375 ( @entity1375 ) and the effect of thyroid substitution on lipids remain controversial. The present study aimed to assess the association of @entity1375 with @entity14822 and to quantify the effect of @entity1955 therapy on serum lipid profiles. DESIGN: Serum lipid parameters of 66 @entity1 with @entity1375 and 75 age- and sex-matched euthyroid controls were evaluated in a cross-sectional study. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity1375 had higher total @entity165 (TC) (222+/-45 (s.d.) vs 190+/- 32 mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) (139+/-28 vs 118+/-39 mg/dl), @entity755 (149+/-21 vs 139+/-18 mg/dl) and lipoprotein (a) ( @entity3452 ) (median 12.5 (0.8-101) mg/dl vs 7 (0.8-44) mg/dl) levels compared with euthyroid controls (P<0.05 for all comparisons). In a follow-up study including 37 @entity1 with @entity1375 , all measurements were repeated after restoration of a euthyroid state with incremental doses of @entity1955 . No significant changes in serum lipid profiles were observed except for a decrease in high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (59+/-15 to 55+/-14 mg/dl, P<0.05). However, @entity1 with high pre-treatment TC (> or =240 mg/dl) showed a significant reduction in both TC (278+/-28 vs 257+/-36 mg/dl, P<0.05) and LDL-C (192+/-23 vs 173+/-28 mg/dl, P<0.01) levels. Similar but more pronounced changes were observed in a subgroup of @entity1 with pre-treatment levels of TSH > or =10 microU/ml. Thyroid @entity792 had no effect on either the baseline or the post-treatment lipid profile. CONCLUSION: Although @entity1 with @entity1375 exhibit increased levels of the atherogenic parameters (mainly LDL-C and @entity3452 ), thyroid substitution therapy does not seem to significantly improve @entity2299 in the whole group of @entity1 .

title: Lipid profile in XXXX : is @entity1955 substitution beneficial?

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['SH', 'subclinical hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity14822 :: ('MESH:C562935', 'Disease') :: ['lipid abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['l-thyroxine', 'L-thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity3813 -BAND is designed to be an adjustable laparoscopically placed gastric restriction device for the treatment of severe @entity28 . The purpose of this study was to assess the outcome in @entity1 who had failed to effectively lose weight with this device and were converted to a gastric bypass. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed of all @entity3813 -BANDS placed in @entity1 at our institution from March 1996 to June 1998. RESULTS: 36 @entity3813 -BANDS were placed. To date, 18 of 36 (50%) have been removed. Fourteen of 18 were simultaneously converted to a gastric bypass. Indications for conversion included: failed @entity353 (5), failed @entity353 with esophageal dilatation (5), failed @entity353 with leaking band (2), and symptomatic esophageal dilatation (1). Median time to conversion after @entity3813 -BAND placement was 38.2 months. Median follow-up after conversion to gastric bypass was 8.3 months. Nineteen percent excess @entity353 occurred after @entity3813 -BAND placement. Forty-three percent excess @entity353 occurred after conversion to gastric bypass (P =.025). CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, the @entity3813 -BAND is associated with a high frequency of inadequate @entity353 . Conversion to gastric bypass in this subset of @entity1 is technically challenging but results in superior @entity353 in a shorter time period.

title: XXXX -band failures: conversion to gastric bypass and their preliminary outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity3813 :: (7939,Gene) :: ['Lap']