abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment for @entity6926 ( @entity6926 ) remains controversial. The use of elongating rods has become a mainstay in this treatment, and there have been many reports of the results of this procedure. In contrast, using nonelongating rods is considered to be the classic method. This older method is still used by surgeons who are concerned about the possibility of @entity130 on the articular surface due to arthrotomy at the insertion of the elongating rod or who are working in developing countries with fewer resources. We are among those who prefer the use of nonelongating rods to elongating rods. This article presents the results of intramedullary fixation using nonelongating rods such as Kirschner wires (K-wires) in @entity1 with @entity6926 and the proper timing of wire exchange to prevent further @entity174 . METHODS: We treated 29 femora in 17 @entity1 with @entity6926 by means of stabilization using K-wires. For these @entity1 we calculated revision-free survival and analyzed the details of any @entity174 that occurred after the primary surgery. We also investigated the relations between the wire length ratio, which was defined as the ratio of the intramedullary wire length divided by the femoral length, and the @entity174 type. RESULTS: The revision-free survival for the 29 primary procedures was 63% at 3 years, and 36% at 5 years. All @entity174 that occurred at the wire tip required additional surgery, whereas only 51% of @entity174 at other sites required additional surgery. The wire length ratio of wire-tip @entity174 was significantly lower than that of @entity174 at other sites. There is a significant difference in the incidence of wire-tip @entity174 and @entity174 between ratios of 65% and 75%. CONCLUSIONS: Wire exchange surgeries should be performed before the wire length ratio drops to <70%. This information could be useful for preventing further @entity174 that require surgery when @entity6926 @entity1 are treated by intramedullary fixation with nonelongating rods. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.

title: Intramedullary fixation using Kirschner wires in XXXX with @entity6926 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'other fractures']

entities_list: @entity6926 :: ('MESH:D010013', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenesis imperfecta', 'OI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The @entity12309 channels expressed by @entity1 T lymphocytes are emerging as important therapeutic targets. Peptides like agitoxin and margatoxin in scorpion venom and some non-peptide small molecules are known to inhibit this channel. Since such blockers cannot be used as drugs, pharma has a need to discover effective blockers. The major limiting factor for such development has been the lack of a reliable high-throughput screening (HTS) technology. A cell-based HTS assay for this target was developed in 96-well format to facilitate screening of many candidates. The assay incorporates @entity12310 ion as a tracer for @entity972 ion, which can be analyzed by the atomic absorption spectroscopy. The assay provided a Z' factor of 0.813 with more than a 4.5-fold window of detection. The two known blockers agitoxin and margatoxin gave a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 1.52 and 2 nM, respectively. These values are about five- and 2.8-fold higher than their IC(50) values obtained from patch clamp. Some non-peptide compounds like @entity440 , @entity594 , and @entity905 also inhibited the efflux through these channels, whereas @entity11366 and @entity1766 (potent @entity1 ether-a-go-go-related gene blockers) did not block @entity12309 activity.

title: A cell-based Rb(+)-flux assay of the XXXX @entity972 channel.

entities_list: @entity1766 :: ('MESH:D010868', 'Chemical') :: ['pimozide']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity11366 :: ('MESH:D016589', 'Chemical') :: ['astemizole']

answer: @entity12309 :: (3738,Gene) :: ['Kv1.3']


abstract: Over a period of 12 years, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was used to dilate 227 subclavian obliterations (216 stenoses, 11 occlusions) in 208 @entity1 . Immediate success rate was 96%. 152 dilated arteries long-term patency are known. The average follow-up time was 32 months (1-120 months). 14 @entity256 occurred. In 7 of the 14 @entity1 redilation were performed. Complication: 3 puncture site @entity715 , 1 haematoma, 4 transient @entity911 occurred. In 2 @entity1 shoulder @entity158 developed with unknown origin, and last for a few weeks. There were no irreversible @entity51 . Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of @entity3526 stenoses should be the procedure of choice in symptomatic @entity1 .

title: [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity3526 :: ('MESH:D013349', 'Disease') :: ['subclavian artery']

answer: @entity3526 :: (MESH:D013349,Disease) :: ['subclavian artery']


abstract: The role of @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) after lumbar @entity890 surgery for the prevention of @entity282 is controversial. The aim of this comparative prospective study was to determine outcomes in a selective cohort with L5-S1 disc herniation and degenerative disc changes after microdiscectomy with or without insertion of an @entity1652 . One hundred and two consecutive @entity1 underwent an L5-S1 microdiscectomy with or without implantation of an @entity1652 . Group 1 consisted of 47 @entity1 , with mild (n=22), moderate (n=14) or severe (n=11) degenerative disc changes who had microdiscectomy alone. Group 2 comprised 45 @entity1 with similar types of disc changes who underwent microdiscectomy with an @entity1652 implant. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to grade @entity1643 and postoperative clinical status was rated according to the modified MacNab criteria. Mean VAS score for @entity1643 improved significantly at 1year follow-up from 7.3 at baseline to 2.75 (p<0.001) in Group 1 and from 6.7 to 1.5 (p=0.001) in Group 2. VAS score at 1year showed significant improvements in 21 Group 1 @entity1 versus 30 Group 2 @entity1 (p=0.001). Forty four percent of Group 1 @entity1 and 80% of Group 2 @entity1 showed improvement using the modified MacNab criteria. @entity1 in both groups reported significant improvement in sciatic @entity158 and disability after microdiscectomy with or without an @entity1652 implant. @entity1 with mild degenerative disc changes were more likely to achieve improvement of their @entity1643 when treated with both microdiscectomy and @entity1652 insertion.

title: Microdiscectomy with and without insertion of interspinous device for XXXX at the L5-S1 level.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low-back pain']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['ISD', 'interspinous devices']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative back pain']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['herniated disc']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['herniated disc']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the feasibility, operative time, specimen retrieval time, and effect on @entity282 of laparoscopic retrieval of benign @entity4134 between a 10-mm transumbilical and a 10-mm transabdominal port. STUDY DESIGN: Fifty @entity1 with @entity4134 who were scheduled for a laparoscopic procedure between July 2008 and April 2009 were enrolled. The @entity1 were randomized into two groups; these were @entity1 where a transumbilical port was used for specimen retrieval (transumbilical group, n=25) and @entity1 where a transabdominal port was used for specimen retrieval (transabdominal group, n=25). Preoperative suspicion of @entity5 and indications suggesting a need for hysterectomy or myomectomy were considered to be exclusion criteria. Randomization was centralized and computer-based. @entity1 recorded the severity of incisional @entity158 on a visual analog scale (VAS) with 0 meaning no @entity158 and 10 meaning unbearable @entity158 . RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, body mass index, umbilical thickness, abdominal thickness, cyst size, cyst amount, cyst weight, histology, complications and duration of hospital stay when the two groups were compared. @entity1 in the transumbilical group had a significantly shorter specimen retrieval time (0.7    1.8 min vs. 4.9    12.6 min, p=0.006) and a significantly lower postoperative day (POD) 0 VAS @entity158 score (5.2    2.1 vs. 6.6    2.2, p=0.015). Significantly fewer @entity1 in the transumbilical group had a specimen retrieval time of >= 10 min (0% vs. 20%, p=0.025) and a POD 0 VAS @entity158 score of >5 (36% vs. 84%, p<0.001). However, the average POD 1 VAS @entity158 score (3.2    1.8, vs. 3.6    1.6) and the proportion with a POD 1 VAS @entity158 score >5 (12% vs. 12%) were similar for the two groups. CONCLUSION: When laparoscopic surgery on benign @entity4134 is carried out using a 10-mm incision wound, removal of the specimen via the umbilical port has a shorter retrieval time and produces less @entity282 than retrieval via a lateral abdominal port.

title: Comparison between transumbilical and transabdominal ports for the laparoscopic retrieval of benign XXXX : a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['adnexal masses']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity4134 :: (MESH:D000292,Disease) :: ['adnexal masses']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of the current study was to determine the outcome of @entity1 with local recurrence or progression of @entity2946 in @entity1 who received high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) and posterior fossa (PF) irradiation. METHODS: HDC consisted in @entity1863 at a dose of 600 mg/m(2) and thiotepa at a dose of 900 mg/m(2) followed by autologous stem cells transplantation (ASCT). PF radiotherapy was delivered at doses from 50 grays (Gy) to 55 Gy on Day +70 after ASCT. Twenty-seven @entity1 developed local recurrence of an initially completely resected @entity2946 . Twelve @entity1 had @entity66 after surgery and were enrolled into the salvage protocol at the time of @entity66 progression under conventional chemotherapy. RESULTS: Acute @entity137 consisted mainly in @entity5501 (33% of @entity1 ) and @entity236 . Two @entity137 (5%) from @entity281 were reported. The 5-year overall survival rate after this salvage treatment (OS(5y)) for the 39 @entity1 who were treated was 68.8% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 53-81.2%). In the group of @entity1 who were treated for local recurrence, the OS(5y) was 77.2% (95% CI, 58.3-89.1%). @entity1 with @entity66 who were treated at the time of disease progression had an OS(5y) after salvage treatment of only 50% (95% CI, 25.4-74.6%; P = .09). CONCLUSIONS: The treatment strategy that was used in this study had manageable immediate @entity137 and resulted in a high overall survival rate in the setting of young @entity1 with @entity2946 who developed local recurrence or disease progression.

title: High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue followed by posterior fossa irradiation for local XXXX recurrence or progression after conventional chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxic deaths']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local residual disease', 'local disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic veno-occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow aplasia']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['medulloblastoma']


abstract: Motor vehicle crashes account for approximately one-half of all hospitalized @entity1 with @entity1545 . Therefore, measures to reduce the frequency and severity of @entity130 from motor vehicle crashes have the potential for making a substantial impact on the incidence and severity of @entity131 . Occupant restraints, including seat belts and air bags, have been proven highly effective in preventing @entity130 , yet the specific benefits for the brain, the face, and the cervical spine provided by air bags have not been widely publicized. Air bags prevent the violent whiplash motion of the head in a frontal crash, resulting in a more controlled deceleration of the brain. Wrenching forces exerted on the cervical spine are attenuated, and the face is protected from contact with hard or lacerating surfaces. Furthermore, compliance is not a problem with air bags. When a car is equipped with air bags, they are in effect 100% of the time, which is important for the protection of high risk groups, such a teenage @entity1 , who tend to wear seat belts less often than other groups. It is estimated from national data and from epidemiological studies that air bags could have prevented or reduced @entity1545 for 25% of the hospitalized, brain-injured population. If provided as standard equipment on both the driver and the passenger side, air bags could do more to reduce the toll of @entity131 than any other available intervention. Air bags were ready for introduction into the marketplace 15 years ago. Since then, approximately 150,000 preventable @entity204 and more than 1,500,000 preventable @entity1545 have occurred.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Air bags: reducing the toll of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injuries', 'brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['brain trauma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['brain trauma']


abstract: AIM: To assess the treatment and @entity5 -related variables associated with outcome after treatment of spontaneously @entity157 ( @entity157 ). METHODS: @entity1 with @entity157 were identified. The complications, mortality and survival were assessed. The relationship between @entity5 size and the severity of @entity18767 and between @entity5 size and grade were examined. RESULTS: From January 1993 to January 2008, 556 @entity1 with @entity157 with or without @entity82 were evaluated; of which, 16 (2.87%) presented with spontaneous @entity397 . All but 1 @entity1 had @entity82 . Twelve @entity1 underwent surgical resection while 4 underwent trans-cutaneous arterial catheter embolization (TAE) (trans-cutaneous @entity1416 ). Early mortality (< 30 d) was 25% (4 of 16) and was inversely related to @entity1 -Pugh score; 3 of the 4 early deaths occurred in @entity1 treated with TAE with 1 of 12 occurring in the resected group. There was no correlation between @entity5 size and grade or between size and severity of @entity18767 . CONCLUSION: @entity5 size did not correlate with severity of the @entity18767 . There was an inverse relationship between G1-G3 (grade of cellular differentiation) @entity157 and dimensions.

title: Management of XXXX : implications for therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma', 'HCC', 'ruptured HCC']

entities_list: @entity18767 :: ('MESH:D006465', 'Disease') :: ['hemoperitoneum']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: @entity595 (U) is a heavy metal used in the nuclear industry and for military applications. U compounds are toxic. Their @entity137 is mediated either by their radioactivity or their chemical properties. @entity1 kidneys and bones are the main organs affected by U @entity137 . Although the most characteristic response to U exposure is @entity8 , little information is available on the mechanisms of its @entity137 at the molecular level. This report studied the genotoxicity of U. Apoptosis induction in normal @entity35 kidney (NRK-52(E)) proximal cells was investigated as a function of exposure time or concentrations (0-800microM). In parallel, DNA damage was evaluated by several methods. In order to distinguish between the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathways of apoptosis, @entity10852 , -10 assays were conducted and the mitochondrial membrane potential was measured. Three methods were selected for their complementarities in the detection of @entity74 . The comet assay was used for the detection of primary lesions of DNA. gamma-H2AX immunostaining was achieved to detect DNA double-strand breaks. The micronucleus assay was used to detect chromosomic breaks or losses. DNA damage and apoptosis were observed in a concentration-dependent manner. This study demonstrated that U is genotoxic from 300microM and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis cell death from 200microM mainly through the intrinsic pathway in NRK-52(E) cells. These results suggest that the DNA damage caused by U is reversible at low concentration (200-400microM) but becomes irreversible and leads to cell death for higher concentrations (500-800microM).

title: @entity595 induces apoptosis and is genotoxic to normal XXXX kidney (NRK-52E) proximal cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Mammalian']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic lesions']

entities_list: @entity595 :: ('MESH:D014501', 'Chemical') :: ['Uranium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated the success rate of a two-stage operative concept for treatment of @entity5845 : primary laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB, @entity3813 -Band) for all morbidly @entity28 @entity1 , followed by sleeve gastrectomy with biliopancreatic diversion (duodenal switch or DS) in case of failure. METHODS: From Dec 1996 to May 2004, 366 consecutive @entity1 (female 78%, mean age 41 (17-66) years, BMI 44.3 (35-75) kg/m2 were prospectively evaluated, using the two-stage operative concept. The follow-up rate after a mean of 4.1 (1-8.4) years was 98%. Primary outcome measure was BAROS score, defined according to weight loss, quality of life, reduction in co-morbidities, complications and re-operations. RESULTS: A very good-to-excellent result was found in 118 @entity1 (32%), 141 (39%) had a good results, 76 (21%) a fair result, and 31 (8%) were failures. 39 @entity1 needed re-banding due to slippage, 68 a DS, and 11 @entity1 had band removal. Early morbidity of the @entity3813 -Band was 3.8%, that of DS 13%, and mortality was zero. The excess weight loss at last follow-up of all the @entity1 was 44% (40% after @entity3813 -Band/rebanding, and 82% 2 years after DS). CONCLUSION: The two-stage concept with primary LAGB, followed by DS in case of failure, leads to a good result in 71% of morbidly @entity28 @entity1 . LAGB alone does not appear to be an adequate procedure for every morbidly @entity28 @entity1 .

title: Prospective study of a two-stage operative concept in the treatment of XXXX : primary @entity3813 -band followed if needed by sleeve gastrectomy with duodenal switch.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['morbid obesity']

answer: @entity5845 :: (MESH:D009767,Disease) :: ['morbid obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent UK policy has promoted routine monitoring of the performance of @entity5 services. Clinical databases are one method of collecting the detailed data required for clinically relevant analyses and of supplementing that collected by @entity5 registries. OBJECTIVE: To describe characteristics of @entity1 , their treatment and surgical care recorded in the North Thames Prospective Audit of @entity14 compared with the Thames Cancer Registry database between 1999 and 2004. METHODS: We defined the geographical area served by the prospective audit and extracted a registry dataset for the same area. We compared the numbers, age, sex, @entity5 site and staging of @entity1 in each database. The proportions recorded as receiving surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were compared over time, and clinical standards recorded for preventing @entity532 and for specialist care were determined from the clinical database. RESULTS: Clinical and registry databases differed in case mix. The clinical database began to capture data on a larger number and wider range of @entity1 over time, and generally included more complete staging data. Treatment trends differed between the databases, with the registry data showing lower proportions undergoing surgery and a slight increase in @entity5 surgery over time. There was a suggestion that a higher proportion of @entity1 received radiotherapy and chemotherapy than @entity1 . Recording of surgical standards in the clinical database was generally poor, although decreased leak and @entity281 rates and post-operative mortality were suggested in the initial years of the audit. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical database contributed some additional information on @entity1 characteristics and the performance of services, but variable data quality and completeness prevented many planned analyses. Collecting additional data requires funded structures and quality assurance systems and such effort should focus on the data required to answer the most pressing clinical questions.

title: Comparing treatment trends for @entity14 in clinical database and XXXX registry data: implications for monitoring @entity5 care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal Cancer database']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity461 (PTH) is a principal regulator of @entity460 homeostasis. Previously, we studied single-nucleotide polymorphisms present in the major genes in the PTH pathway (PTH, @entity4293 , @entity18916 , @entity18917 ) in relation to @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and @entity174 incidence. We found that haplotypes of the PTH gene were associated with @entity174 risk independent of @entity79 . In the present study, we evaluated the relationship between PTH haplotypes and femoral neck bone size. Hip structure analysis and @entity79 of the femoral neck was assessed by DXA in elderly @entity1 from the Malm   Osteoporosis Prospective Risk Assessment study. Data on @entity173 , sustained as a result of low @entity130 , after the age of 45 years were also analyzed. Haplotypes derived from six polymorphisms in the PTH locus were analyzed in 750 @entity1 . Carriers of haplotype 9 had lower values for hip geometry parameters cross-sectional moment of inertia (P = 0.029), femoral neck width (P = 0.049), and section modulous (P = 0.06), suggestive of increased @entity174 risk at the hip. However, this did not translate into an increased incidence of @entity173 in the studied population. @entity1 who suffered a @entity173 compared to those who had not had longer hip axis length (HAL) (P < 0.001). HAL was not significantly different among haplotypes. Polymorphisms in the PTH gene are associated with differences in aspects of femoral neck geometry in elderly @entity1 ; however, the major predictor of @entity173 in our population was HAL, to which PTH gene variation does not contribute significantly.

title: Variation in the PTH gene, @entity173 , and femoral neck geometry in elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['Parathyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The postdischarge natural history of nonoperative blunt @entity130 (BSI) has not been adequately elucidated. As a result, outpatient management is poorly defined. Population-based outpatient data would provide clinicians with an estimate of baseline risk of postdischarge splenectomy after nonoperative management of BSI. The purpose of this study was to analyze, using population-based data, the 180-day risk of splenectomy in a clinically relevant sample. METHODS: A statewide Hospital Discharge Data System containing @entity1 level data was used to construct a prospective cohort of @entity1 18 or older with nonoperatively managed BSI admitted to any hospital in the state from 2000 to 2005 and discharged home. Re-admission for splenectomy within 180 days from the original injury date was analyzed. RESULTS: Four thousand one hundred three @entity1 with BSI were admitted from 2000 to 2005. Two thousand nine hundred seventy-one (72.4%) were managed nonoperatively. One thousand nine hundred thirty-two (47.1%) were discharged. Twenty-seven of 1,932 were re-admitted for splenectomy within 180 days. Median time from injury to re-admission for splenectomy was 8 days (range, 3-146). The 180-day risk of splenectomy was 1.4% after nonoperative management and discharge home. CONCLUSIONS: Nonoperative management of BSI results in a 180-day risk of re-admission for splenectomy of 1.4% for @entity1 discharged home. A majority of splenectomies occur within 8 days. Explicit @entity1 education and close follow-up are necessary.

title: The real risk of splenectomy after discharge home following nonoperative management of blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['splenic injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Increased risk for certain @entity146 has been associated with season of birth. This study was undertaken to look for hypothesized season-of-birth effects for @entity5545 , @entity161 spectrum disorders, and neurological soft signs in @entity1 and adolescents. METHOD: Month of birth and the diagnostic findings in question were examined based on charts from a clinic population of 585 @entity1 . Odds ratios and etiological fractions were calculated. RESULTS: Neurological soft signs showed a sporadic peak for June births and @entity161 spectrum showed a peak for August and November. A smooth curve suggesting true seasonality was evident in @entity5545 for births in May, June, and July. For different 5-year birth cohorts, early summer birth accounts for 24 to 71% of cases of @entity5545 . CONCLUSIONS: The authors suggest that @entity1800 , especially @entity683 , during the second trimester of pregnancy is the most attractive hypothesis to explain these findings. If this hypothesis is supported, immunization in @entity1 of @entity1 -bearing age could reduce the incidence of @entity5545 . Secondary prevention could also be enhanced by early identification and treatment of @entity1 who were exposed in utero.

title: Season of birth and neurodevelopmental disorders: summer birth is associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'women', 'children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity5545 :: (MESH:D004410,Disease) :: ['dyslexia']


abstract: This study aimed to assess which method of wild waterbird surveillance had the greatest probability of detecting highly pathogenic avian @entity683 (HPAI) H5N1 during a period of surveillance activity, the cost of each method was also considered. Lake Constance is a major wintering centre for migratory waterbirds and in 2006 it was the site of an @entity1323 in wild birds. Avian @entity683 surveillance was conducted using harmonised approaches in the three countries around the lake, Austria, Germany and Switzerland, from 2006-2009. The surveillance consisted of testing birds sampled by the following methods: live birds caught in traps, birds killed by hunters, birds caught in fishing nets, dead birds found by the public and catching live Mute Swans (Cygnus olor); sentinel flocks of @entity4186 ( @entity4186 ) were also used. Scenario tree analysis was performed including sensitivity analysis, followed by assessment of cost-effectiveness. Results indicated that if HPAI H5N1 was present at 1% prevalence and assuming HPAI resulted in bird mortality, sampling dead birds found by the public and sentinel surveillance were the most sensitive approaches despite residual uncertainty over some parameters. The uncertainty over the mortality of infected birds was an influential factor. Sampling birds found dead was most cost-effective, but strongly dependent on mortality and awareness of the public. Trapping live birds was least cost-effective. Based on our results, we recommend that future HPAI H5N1 surveillance around Lake Constance should prioritise sentinel surveillance and, if high mortality is expected, the testing of birds found dead.

title: Evaluation of effectiveness and efficiency of wild bird surveillance for avian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4186 :: ('8839', 'Species') :: ['Anas platyrhynchos', 'Mallards']

entities_list: @entity1323 :: ('MESH:D005585', 'Disease') :: ['HPAI H5N1 epidemic']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: AIM To report the outcome of treatment of non-invasive ocular surface @entity5 (or conjunctival-corneal intra-epithelial @entity5 (CCIN)) where topical @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) has been used in the treatment regimen. DESIGN Prospective, non-comparative interventional case series. @entity1 91 primary or recurrent CCIN lesions from 90 @entity1 treated in a single ocular oncology centre over a 10.5-year period. INTERVENTION 73 cases of localised, non-invasive CCIN and eight cases of recurrent CCIN received a treatment regimen of surgical excision+/-cryotherapy, followed by two to three 1-week cycles of adjuvant topical @entity1139 (0.04% four times a day). 10 cases of diffuse CCIN received two to three 1-week cycles of topical @entity1139 (0.04% four times a day) as sole primary treatment. Main outcome measure Successful treatment was defined as no clinical recurrence of CCIN. RESULTS Mean follow-up of 56.8 months (range 5.8 to 119.8) and median 57.3 months, revealed no recurrences (0%) in the localised primary group, and one persistent case and two recurrences (30%) in the diffuse primary group. There was one recurrence (12.5%) in the recurrent group, but this was in the only eye with a diffuse type of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS @entity1139 treatment following surgical excision appears to decrease the recurrence rate of localised CCIN and should be considered as adjuvant therapy in primary treatment. @entity1139 should also be considered as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of localised recurrent disease. @entity1139 may be used as sole therapy in more diffuse disease, but close ongoing follow-up is recommended in view of the significant risk of persistent or recurrent disease.

title: Treatment of ocular surface @entity5 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['squamous neoplasia', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['Mitomycin C']


abstract: BACKGROUND: After the introduction of noninvasive imaging exams, @entity154 (IVC) have become more commonly recognized. We report the first successful orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) performed in an asymptomatic adult with @entity6323 : duplication of the infrarenal IVC, azygos continuation of the IVC, agenesia of the hepatic portion of the IVC and presence of several anomalous veins communicating the common iliac vein and the IVC of one side with the contralateral side. METHODS: This complex anomaly was diagnosed with a venous abdominal angio CT. RESULTS: At liver transplantation, the short suprahepatic portion of the IVC was identified and clamped. The right, middle, and left hepatic veins were sectioned and joined in a single, wide cuff, using venoplasty. This single orifice was anastomosed to the suprahepatic IVC of the new liver. No venovenous bypass was employed. The @entity1 had an uneventful postoperative course. A post transplantation venous abdominal angio CT showed normal blood flow at the @entity409 . CONCLUSIONS: This report is important to alert liver transplant teams of the possibility of complex IVC in asymptomatic adult individuals. Identification of these anatomical anomalies is vital to reduce the risk of serious @entity548 and other operative complications during OLT.

title: Liver transplantation in a XXXX with @entity6323 .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis of the hepatic veins of the receptor and the IVC of the new liver']

entities_list: @entity6323 :: ('MESH:C563013', 'Disease') :: ['complex IVC anomaly']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This pilot phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 1 month duration, with a 2-3-month open-label extension, evaluated the safety, tolerability, biologic effects, and efficacy of @entity1199 diphtheria fusion protein ( @entity11100 ) in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: Forty-five @entity309 @entity1 were enrolled in the trial, and were randomized, after a 3-4-week disease-modifying antirheumatic drug washout, to receive a daily intravenous dose of either @entity11100 or placebo (saline) for 5 days. A blinded, third-party observer evaluated @entity625 activity. Clinical response was defined as > or = 25% improvement in swollen and @entity2720 and > or = 25% improvement in at least 2 of 6 additional parameters. The double-blind phase was 4 weeks; placebo @entity1 could cross over to receive open-label treatment for a maximum of 3 monthly @entity11100 cycles. RESULTS: In the double-blind phase, 4 of 22 @entity1 (18%) in the treated group and none in the placebo group (P = 0.05) met the criteria for clinical response. During the open-label treatment phase, 11 of 36 @entity1 (31%) and 11 of 33 @entity1 (33%) had a clinical response after completing 2 and 3 courses of @entity11100 , respectively. Adverse events included transient @entity221 /chills (45%), @entity1209 (50%), elevated (< or = 3 x normal) transaminases (55%), and @entity158 (45%). Twelve @entity1 (8 placebo, 4 @entity11100 ) did not complete 3 treatment cycles. No apparent differences were noted in @entity404 + @entity2902 + cells of responders versus nonresponders, or of @entity11100 -treated versus placebo-treated @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Clinical responses were noted in @entity1 treated with @entity11100 (18%) compared with placebo (0%) in the double-blind phase. In the open-label phase, 33% of @entity1 completing 3 monthly @entity11100 cycles had improvement in @entity625 activity. Further studies of @entity1199 diphtheria fusion proteins are warranted to elucidate factors that may predict clinical response and define mechanism(s) of action.

title: @entity1199 diphtheria fusion protein ( @entity11100 ) in XXXX . A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with open-label extension.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['tender joints']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['increased joint pain']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['refractory rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['refractory rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Dietary salt is an important contributor to @entity101 in the general population. While its role in @entity205 -induced @entity101 is minimal, its role in @entity1140 -based immunosuppression has not been defined. We measured the 24-hour urine @entity1372 excretion as an estimate of intake in a group of stable renal transplant recipients on @entity1140 (N = 143) who had serum @entity1011 fluctuations <20% during the preceding 3 months. Average clinic-measured blood pressure (BP) from before and after the 24-hour urine collection was computed. @entity1 with recent changes in antihypertensive medications were excluded. Average systolic BP was 126 +/- 14 and diastolic BP 76 +/- 7 mm Hg. Urine @entity1372 was 162.6 +/- 70 mmol/d (range 50 to 351), and the @entity1372 / @entity1011 ratio was 15.4 +/- 6.4. There was no correlation between urine @entity1372 excretion and either systolic or diastolic BP (R = 0.07 and R = 0.05, P = NS) or the @entity1372 / @entity1011 and systolic/diastolic BP (R = 0.13, R = 0.11, P = NS). By multiple linear regression only weight and urine protein were independently associated with both systolic BP (P < .0001 for each) and diastolic BP (P < .05 for each). In conclusion, there is no appreciable influence of dietary salt intake on BP under @entity1140 -based immunosuppression. Restricting dietary salt intake in these @entity1 cannot be recommended at the current time.

title: Role of dietary salt intake in posttransplant XXXX with @entity1140 -based immunosuppression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: ELISA is the most widely used form of diagnosis for @entity3252 . Several commercial kits are currently used in Sri Lanka. However, these kits are not affordable in resource-limited settings. Objectives Aim of this study was to develop a cost effective in-house ELISA for the detection of @entity3204 antibody and to estimate the diagnostic accuracy compared to a commercial kit. METHODS: Vero cell lines were inoculated with tachyzoites and harvested after 2-6 days and sonicated to obtain somatic antigen. The antigen was used as coating material in ELISA to detect antibodies against @entity3204 in @entity1 sera. Hundred and three @entity1 ' sera were analysed by in-house ELISA and kit ELISA. Optical density (OD) values were analysed statistically. @entity3204 IgG avidity test was used to determine the chronic and acute phase of infection. RESULTS: The optimum working dilutions for antigen was 0.846  g/ml and for serum 1 in 100. The optimal cut-off values for the in-house ELISA within the range 0.85 to 0.98 at which the sensitivity was 95.3% and specificity was 98.3. The OD values of in-house ELISA were compared with OD values of kit ELISA and the results showed strong correlation between the two tests. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study demonstrated that our in-house ELISA for detection of T. gondii antibody was as sensitive and specific as the commercial kit used in this study. Thus, the in-house ELISA is a useful, costeffective tool for diagnostic and screening purposes.

title: Development and validation of an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test for the diagnosis of XXXX in Sri Lanka.

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma', 'T. gondii']

answer: @entity3252 :: (MESH:D014123,Disease) :: ['toxoplasmosis']


abstract: This study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of a standard regime of high-dose systemic oral @entity288 in the management of @entity4816 . The study was performed because the single most common reason for referral to our specialist clinic is the apparent failure of @entity1 to respond to a course of systemic @entity230 , which in most cases appeared to be due to an inadequate initial dose. A retrospective study of 29 @entity1 (30 treatment episodes) with sight-threatening @entity4816 managed initially with high-dose systemic @entity230 was evaluated 1 year after treatment. @entity1 included in the study all started treatment with > or = 1 mg/kg @entity617 and remained on a high @entity134 dose (> or = 40 mg @entity617 ) for at least 5 weeks. No @entity1 was on any other immunosuppressive agent at the start of the study. Therapeutic success for this regime, as judged by improvement in visual acuity, was 60%, improving to 77% with addition of other immunosuppressive agents. Eight @entity1 required additional immunosuppressives. Although documented side-effects of @entity230 were common (50% of cases managed on @entity230 alone), in only 5 @entity1 were they therapeutically important. Twelve of the 22 @entity1 managed on high-dose @entity230 alone were off treatment at 12 months. There was no correlation at any stage between visual acuity, activity index or relapses and the final visual outcome at 12 months. Seven cases had a poor visual outcome and the causes for this included relapse in the twelfth month of follow-up, persistent @entity4 and @entity231 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The efficacy of systemic @entity288 in sight-threatening XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['lens opacity']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['cystoid macular oedema']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity4816 :: ('MESH:D031300', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity4816 :: (MESH:D031300,Disease) :: ['retinal vasculitis']


abstract: @entity4545 -independent @entity699 may be secondary to the expression of ectopic hormone receptors in adrenal tissue. In food-dependent @entity699 the adrenals aberrantly express receptors for gastric inhibitory polypeptide ( @entity8242 ). We present the first case of food- and @entity8242 -dependent @entity652 in an adolescent. A 15 year-old @entity1 presented with signs of @entity699 . Urinary @entity701 excretion was clearly elevated. Upon the finding of very low fasting plasma @entity701 levels with a rise during the morning, food-dependent @entity701 secretion was suspected. Hourly measurements of plasma @entity701 and @entity8242 levels during a day with and a day without meals showed meal- and @entity8242 -related @entity701 secretion. Plasma @entity4545 levels were undetectable. Abdominal computed tomography showed a @entity5 of 2.5 x 2.5 x 2 cm in the left adrenal. Unilateral adrenalectomy was performed and microscopic examination of the @entity5 showed an @entity822 . Incubation of adenomatous cells prepared from this @entity5 with @entity8242 resulted in increased @entity701 secretion. Using RT-PCR amplification and cDNA hybridization, the @entity8242 receptor was found to be overexpressed in the @entity652 tissue but not in the adjacent adrenal tissue. Twelve months after the operation, hourly measurements of plasma @entity701 , @entity8242 and @entity4545 levels on a day with and a day without meals no longer showed @entity8242 -related @entity701 production. The present report shows that in an adolescent with corticotrophin-independent @entity699 , food-dependent @entity699 is a possible diagnosis.

title: An adolescent with food-dependent @entity699 secondary to ectopic expression of @entity8242 receptor in unilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome", 'hypercortisolism']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity822 :: ('MESH:D018246', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical adenoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal adenoma', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adrenal adenoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to reveal parenchymal and vascular changes in @entity1069 and to determine the role of color Doppler sonography in monitoring @entity1 with this pathology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty five @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity5116 (NIH 1) admitted to our institution were studied prospectively. Clinical, analytical and microbiological data were recorded. Color Doppler and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) were performed 1 week after antibiotic therapy and afterwards at 6 weeks, 3 and 6 month visits. The findings were recorded and scored using standardized criteria to characterize the degree and distribution of prostatic vascularity. RESULTS: Blood flow was observed to the entire prostate capsule (grade 2) in 23 (92%) @entity1 at first visit (1 week) and were present in 11 (44%), 6 (24%) and 2 (8%) at 6 weeks, 3 and 6 month visits respectively. The amount and distribution of blood flow within the prostatic parenchyma were evaluated using several criteria. Using the 2-point scale flow were classified as grade 2 22 (88%), 18 (72%), 12 (48%) and 3 (12%) @entity1 at first, second, third and fourth visit respectively. Similar findings were noted using the Doppler spot scale which revealed that flow was grade 2 (15 spots or more) in 23 (92%), 19 (76%), 11 (44%) and 3 (12%) @entity1 respectively. Mean number of Doppler spots in the prostate parenchyma was 23.1 +/- 11.1 at first visit, 10.3 +/- 9.5 after the end of therapy and 8.3 +/- 5.4 and 7.9 +/- 5.1 at 3 and 6 monthly respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity1069 require prolonged treatment and subsequent follow up for at least 6 months. Color Doppler sonography is a useful tool in monitoring response to treatment and in predicting clinical outcome.

title: Color Doppler ultrasonographic scanning in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity5116 :: ('MESH:D011472', 'Disease') :: ['acute bacterial prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['acute prostatitis']

answer: @entity5116 :: (MESH:D011472,Disease) :: ['acute bacterial prostatitis']


abstract: AIM: To prospectively compare partially covered vs uncovered sphincterotome use on @entity253 ( @entity253 ) @entity548 and other complications. METHODS: All @entity1 referred for therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were randomly assigned to undergo @entity253 either with a partially covered or an uncovered sphincterotome. Both @entity1 and technical risk factors contributing to the development of post- @entity253 @entity548 were recorded and analyzed. The characteristics of @entity548 was recorded during and after @entity253 . Other complications were also compared. RESULTS: Three-hundred and eighty-seven @entity1 were recruited in this study; 194 @entity1 underwent @entity253 with a partially covered sphincterotome and 193 with conventional uncovered sphincterotome. No statistical difference was noted in the baseline characteristics and risk factors for post- @entity253 induced @entity548 between the 2 groups. No significant difference in the incidence and pattern of visible @entity548 rates was found between the 2 groups (immediate @entity548 in 24 @entity1 with the partially covered sphincterotome vs 19 @entity1 with the uncovered sphincterotome, P = 0.418). Delayed @entity548 was observed in 2 @entity1 with a partially covered sphincterotome and in 1 @entity1 with an uncovered sphincterotome (P = 0.62). No statistical difference was noted in the rate of other complications. CONCLUSION: The partially covered sphincterotome was not associated with a lower frequency of @entity548 . Also, there was no difference in the incidence of other significant complications between the 2 types of sphincterotome.

title: Partially covered vs uncovered sphincterotome and post-endoscopic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['ES', 'post-endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['sphincterotomy bleeding']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether arthroscopic remplissage with Bankart repair is an effective treatment strategy for @entity1 with @entity75 and large @entity1051 . METHODS: Between 2006 and 2008, 20 @entity1 underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair with remplissage for the treatment of recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability and large @entity1051 . Preoperative imaging in all @entity1 identified @entity155 of the anterior inferior glenohumeral ligament with an associated Hill-Sachs defect that involved greater than 25% of the humeral head. @entity1 were followed up postoperatively with the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability score, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, and the Penn Shoulder Score. Recurrent @entity7194 was documented. RESULTS: There were 15 male @entity1 and 5 female @entity1 . The mean age of the @entity1 was 27.3 years. The mean length of follow-up in this series was 29.2 months (range, 24.3 to 37.7 months). At final follow-up, 3 @entity1 reported recurrence of instability, which spontaneously reduced in all cases. The mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score was 92.5 ( @entity158 , 47.3; function, 45.3). The mean Penn score was 90 of 100 ( @entity158 , 27.3 of 30; satisfaction, 8.5 of 10; function, 54.3 of 60). The mean total Western Ontario Shoulder Instability score was 72.74% (mean physical symptom score, 77.10%; mean sports and recreation score, 70.25%; mean lifestyle score, 75%; mean emotions score, 58.50%). CONCLUSIONS: Using an all-arthroscopic remplissage technique with Bankart repair, we were able to restore function, diminish @entity158 , and yield satisfaction in 85% of the @entity1 in this study. Our results compare favorably with historic controls with similar pathology at early- to intermediate-term follow-up in terms of recurrence. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic case series.

title: Arthroscopic remplissage with Bankart repair for the treatment of glenohumeral instability with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Bankart lesions']

entities_list: @entity1051 :: ('MESH:D013661', 'Disease') :: ['Hill-Sachs defects']

entities_list: @entity7194 :: ('MESH:D007906', 'Disease') :: ['subluxation or dislocation']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

answer: @entity1051 :: (MESH:D013661,Disease) :: ['Hill-Sachs defects']


abstract: The bone marrow microenvironment houses haematopoietic stem cells (HSC), mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and their progeny, supports haematopoiesis, osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and adipogenesis. It plays a key role in maintaining homeostatic production of erythroid, myeloid or lymphoid cells, appropriate bone mass and bone health throughout life. Through cell-cell adhesion and chemotactic axes, a reciprocal inter-dependent relationship exists between these two cell lineages. Following chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression observed in @entity5 @entity1 , HSCs are induced to enter into the cell cycle in order to re-establish the damaged microenvironment. These cells not only have the capacity to mobilize to the peripheral blood, but the ability to repopulate the marrow cavity as required. However, depending on the dosage and length of chemotherapy treatment, complications in bone and bone marrow recovery occur. This may manifest as marrow @entity17823 , high marrow fat content, reduced bone formation and aggravated osteoclastic bone resorption. Although the molecular and cellular mechanisms governing injured states of the marrow microenvironment are yet to be fully elucidated, many reports have demonstrated the @entity1570 / @entity436 @entity2270 plays an important role in regulating the two cell lineages. Their interaction maintains bone marrow homeostasis and orchestrates its regeneration following chemotherapy. This review explores movement of MSC and HSC, haematopoiesis, commitment of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and adipocytes, as well as the major signalling pathways that regulate these cellular processes under chemotherapy-treated conditions. This review also discusses molecular targets that are being used clinically or are currently under investigation for preserving the bone marrow microenvironment during or enhancing recovery after chemotherapy.

title: Damage and recovery of the bone marrow microenvironment induced by @entity5 chemotherapy - potential regulatory role of chemokine @entity1570 /receptor XXXX signalling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity17823 :: ('MESH:C537477', 'Disease') :: ['haematopoietic depletion']

answer: @entity436 :: (7852,Gene) :: ['CXCR4']


abstract: @entity5870 ( @entity5870 ) is an intrauterine status of @entity32 which may lead to the fetal @entity32 . @entity32 is a pathogenetic mechanism also of @entity1468 , although not of microbial origin. The aim of the present pilot study was to evaluate the pattern of inflammatory cytokines in mothers and high-risk preterm @entity1 during the perinatal period. Concentrations of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and @entity1851 were evaluated in maternal, cord, and neonatal blood of very preterm @entity1 <1,500  g birth weight. Histologic examinations of placentae and umbilical cords were performed. The 65 mother-neonate pairs enrolled were subdivided into three groups: (1) @entity5870 group (n  =  15), (2) @entity1468 group (n  =  17), and (3) control group, in the absence of @entity5870 / @entity1468 (n  =  33). Maternal @entity650 levels were significantly higher in @entity1 of the @entity5870 group compared with the @entity1468 and control groups (p  <  0.05). @entity13236 was detected in nearly all maternal samples [median value 693.115  pg/ml (599.91-809.91  pg/ml)], with no statistical difference between the groups, but with a tendency to increased levels among preeclamptic @entity1 . Increased concentrations of @entity13236 were detected in cord blood of neonates exposed to @entity1468 , compared with controls and @entity1 exposed to @entity5870 (p  <  0.05). We speculate that the tendentially higher concentrations of @entity13236 in preeclamptic mothers and the significantly higher concentrations in cord blood may reflect @entity5028 and the underlying reparative processes at the maternal-fetal interface. Therefore, @entity13236 could be an important biomarker of @entity32 in @entity1468 .

title: XXXX : Biomarker of maternal and fetal @entity32 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation', 'inflammatory response syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5028 :: ('MESH:D010922', 'Disease') :: ['placental dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['Histologic chorioamnionitis', 'HCA']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity13236 :: (50616,Gene) :: ['Interleukin-22']


abstract: Only a few studies have analyzed the effects of the potential interaction between the @entity8996 polymorphism of @entity650 gene and the adherence to the @entity827 ( @entity827 ) on adiposity indexes. Our aim was to investigate the interplay between the @entity8996 polymorphism of the @entity650 gene and a Mediterranean-style diet on body weight changes after 3 years of nutritional intervention in a high cardiovascular risk population. A total of 737 @entity1 , aged 55-80 years were assigned to a low-fat diet or to a Mediterranean-style diet group with high intake of virgin olive oil (VOO) or nuts. Anthropometric measurements were taken at baseline and after 3-year follow-up. The @entity8996 polymorphism of the @entity650 gene was genotyped. Minor allele frequency (C) was 0.39. At baseline, the CC genotype was associated with higher measures of adiposity. After 3 years, a significant interaction (p=0.028) was found between the polymorphism (GG+GC versus CC) and the nutritional intervention: CC subjects following the @entity827 +VOO had the lowest body @entity1017 . In conclusion, at baseline, CC subjects for the @entity8996 polymorphism of @entity650 had the highest body weight and BMI. However, after 3 years of nutritional intervention with @entity827 +VOO, these subjects were predicted to have the greatest reduction in body weight.

title: A @entity827 rich in virgin olive oil may reverse the effects of the -174G/C XXXX gene variant on 3-year body weight change.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity827 :: ('MESH:D010505', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'Mediterranean diet']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['IL6']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and the risk factors involved in the development of the three main postoperative capsular complications: @entity3236 ( @entity3236 ), @entity9998 ( @entity9998 ), and @entity6151 ( @entity6151 ). SUBJECTS, MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 801 @entity1 submitted to @entity231 surgery in the ophthalmology unit of Hospital del Henares (Madrid) from March 2, 2009 to February 28, 2010. Computerized clinical charts were reviewed during July 2012. @entity3236 was studied using the Kaplan-Meier method (log rank test). RESULTS: A total of 167 @entity1 developed @entity3236 . No association could be demonstrated between @entity3236 and age, sex, @entity6 , phaco technique, IOL model, @entity9940 intake, @entity726 , and age-related @entity1020 . Three @entity1 developed @entity9998 , all of them have received and Akreos Adapt AO(  ) (Bausch _ Lomb). Two of them were young @entity1 who had received surgery for posterior subcapsular @entity231 . Three @entity1 developed @entity6151 , 2 of whom had received a MicroSlim(  ) IOL (PhysIOL). CONCLUSIONS: No association was found between @entity3236 and any of the studied variables. Male gender, young age, subcapsular @entity231 and large non-angulated lens such as Akreos Adapt AO(  ) could be associated with @entity9998 . @entity6151 could be more frequent when microincision IOLs (like MicroSlim(  )) are implanted.

title: Posterior capsule opacification, XXXX , and anterior capsular phimosis: A retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity9998 :: ('MESH:D017889', 'Disease') :: ['capsular bag distension syndrome', 'CBDS']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity6151 :: ('MESH:D057971', 'Disease') :: ['ACP', 'anterior capsular phimosis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity3236 :: ('MESH:D058442', 'Disease') :: ['posterior capsule opacification', 'PCO']

entities_list: @entity9940 :: ('MESH:C088482', 'Chemical') :: ['tamsulosin']

answer: @entity9998 :: (MESH:D017889,Disease) :: ['capsular bag distension syndrome']


abstract: @entity706 rarely develop during pregnancy, but hepatosplenic gammadelta @entity784 (HSgammadeltaTCL) is extremely rare. We encountered a case of @entity13433 ( @entity13433 ) positive and granzyme B-positive HSgammadeltaTCL that developed early during the course of pregnancy. The @entity1 was a 31-yr-old female who was referred to our hospital because of @entity3043 and @entity381 at the time of the14th week of her gestation. Her @entity3043 and @entity828 worsened and she became fibril at the 27th week of gestation and Cesarean section was performed at the 29th week. Histopathological examination of the spleen, which was resected 28 d after delivery for a diagnostic purpose, revealed medium to large-sized nodules composed of dense proliferation of lymphoid cells having round to oval-shaped nuclei and abundant weakly eosinophilic cytoplasm. They were @entity12710 +, @entity5168 +, @entity404 -, @entity405 -, CD56+, CD79a-, T-cell receptor (TCR)-gammadelta protein+, @entity13433 +, and granzyme B+ by either immunohistochemistry or flow cytometry. Clonal rearrangement of TCR-gamma genes without such rearrangement of TCR-delta and @entity11112 genes was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization. Thus, the @entity1 was diagnosed as having HSgammadeltaTCL, and combination chemotherapy was initiated. She is currently in partial remission. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of HSgammadeltaTCL that developed during pregnancy. Pathogenesis of pregnancy-associated @entity706 is not known, but it is possible that maternal immunity during pregnancy or a hormonal imbalance, such as a change in the @entity1420 level, induces the development of @entity706 . Pregnancy-associated @entity706 is resistant to standard chemotherapy and is associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, it is important to accumulate clinicopathologic data of such cases for the development of a treatment modality.

title: Development of hepatosplenic gammadelta XXXX with @entity3043 during early pregnancy: a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'Lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity13433 :: ('7072', 'Gene') :: ['TIA-1', 'T-cell intracellular antigen-1']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['T-cell lymphoma']


abstract: AIMS: The term @entity5 'budding' has been coined for the detachment of @entity5 cells from the neoplastic glands of @entity420 and is presumed to be an early step in the metastatic process. A limited number of studies have shown budding to be an adverse prognostic factor. METHODS AND RESULTS: All primary single, non-metachronous @entity2802 stage I/II @entity14 without neoadjuvant treatment resected in the years 1994-1999 were included (n = 186). @entity5 buds were counted in pan-cytokeratin immunostains in a 0.785-mm2 field of vision (250 x). During follow-up 21 @entity1 had distant metastases and 12 @entity1 died of their disease. Budding was determined at 14 and 20.46, median and mean, respectively (range 0-120). A cut-off of 25 was found to be sensitive (0.76) and specific (0.739). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed high budding to be a strong adverse prognosticator. By Cox regression, high budding together with venous angioinvasion were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the prognostic value of budding in a contemporary series of @entity14 that by @entity2802 were low risk. Technically easy, rapid and robust to determine, budding quantified in pan-cytokeratin stains significantly aids in the identification of high-risk @entity1 and is recommended for more general use in surgical pathology.

title: @entity5 budding as prognostic factor in stage I/II XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: AIMS: To look for TLR and NOD mRNA expression in the healthy eye and in other immune privileged and non-immune privileged @entity19 organs. METHODS: Semiquantitative RT-PCR was performed to look for @entity18145 -9 and @entity23483 and @entity23484 mRNA expressions in the whole eye, in the anterior (AP) and posterior (PP) portions of the eye, in corneal fibroblasts (CF) and in ovary, brain, testis, heart, lung, and spleen. RESULTS: All the TLR mRNAs were expressed in the whole eye of Balb/c @entity19 . NIH and C57BL/6 did not express @entity14540 and @entity9226 , respectively. NIH expressed higher levels of @entity23485 than the other strains. C57BL/6 expressed the lowest levels of all TLRs. @entity14540 , 5, and 4 were the less expressed in all strains. All TLRs were expressed in Balb/c PP and @entity18145 was not expressed in AP. In NIH and Balb/c CF the majority of TLRs were overexpressed with @entity558 . In testis, expression of most TLRs was absent. Non-immune privileged organs expressed most of the TLRs. All the organs expressed @entity23483 and @entity23484 . In PP @entity23484 was not expressed. CONCLUSION: TLRs and NODs are expressed in the eye, and could have an important role in the innate immunity.

title: TLRs and NODs mRNA expression pattern in healthy XXXX eye.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish the incidence and severity of @entity85 among elite biathletes. DESIGN: One-year retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING: The survey was conducted during the first Biathlon World Cup event 2008/2009. @entity1 : A total of 116 athletes filled out an anonymous online survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The questionnaire gathered data about location, type, onset, severity, and cause of injury. RESULTS: Among the study population, 47 athletes (40.5%) reported a total of 68 @entity130 (incidence of 58.6 @entity130 /100 athletes/year). Female athletes (54.4%) suffered more @entity130 than male athletes (39.7%). A total of 54.4% of @entity130 came on gradually, 54.4% occurred during the training season, and 39.7% required removal from competition or training sessions. The most commonly injured body parts were the lower back (38.9%), knee (35.7%), and shoulder (25%). Running was the primary cause of injury (27.9%). The independent variable "years of participation in biathlon" (7 years or more) correlated with an increased risk for injury (P = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS: Biathlon is associated with a relatively high incidence of @entity130 , mostly of slight severity. Female athletes experience more @entity130 than male athletes. @entity13400 are the most common injury site. The majority of @entity130 are caused from training activities such as running.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX among elite biathletes: a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal injuries']

entities_list: @entity13400 :: ('MESH:D019567', 'Disease') :: ['Lower back injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal injuries']


abstract: @entity935 (DA) modifies the motor pattern generated by the pyloric network in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) of the spiny lobster, Panulirus interruptus, by directly acting on each of the circuit neurons. The 14 pyloric neurons fall into six cell types, and DA actions are cell type specific. The transient @entity972 current mediated by shal channels (I(A)) is a common target of DA modulation in most cell types. DA shifts the voltage dependence of I(A) in opposing directions in pyloric dilator (PD) versus lateral pyloric (LP) neurons. The mechanism(s) underpinning cell-type specific DA modulation of I(A) is unknown. DA receptors (DARs) can be classified as type 1 (D1R) or type 2 ( @entity17689 ). D1Rs and D2Rs are known to increase and decrease intracellular @entity268 concentrations, respectively. We hypothesized that the opposing DA effects on PD and LP I(A) were due to differences in DAR expression patterns. In the present study, we found that LP expressed somatodendritic D1Rs that were concentrated near synapses but did not express D2Rs. Consistently, DA modulation of LP I(A) was mediated by a Gs-adenylyl cyclase-cAMP-protein kinase A pathway. Additionally, we defined antagonists for lobster D1Rs ( @entity8878 ) and D2Rs ( @entity1769 ) in a heterologous expression system and showed that DA modulation of LP I(A) was blocked by @entity8878 but not by @entity1769 . We previously showed that PD neurons express D2Rs, but not D1Rs, thus supporting the idea that cell specific effects of DA on I(A) are due to differences in receptor expression.

title: Cell specific XXXX modulation of the transient @entity972 current in the pyloric network by the canonical D1 receptor signal transduction cascade.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity17689 :: ('p|SUB|D|2|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['D2R']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity8878 :: ('MESH:D005475', 'Chemical') :: ['flupenthixol']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity25157 has been known to stimulate the motility of digestive organs peripherally via activation of @entity25157 receptors located at @entity344 and/or smooth muscle cells. Recent studies have indicated that @entity25157 may also promote GI motility via actions in the central nervous system; however the sites of action and the mechanisms are not clear yet. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that @entity25157 receptor agonist @entity2929 alters the synaptic inputs of preganglionic gastric vagal motoneurons (GVMs) located in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus ( @entity18296 ). METHODS: Gastric vagal motoneurons were retrogradely labeled by fluorescent tracer from the stomach wall of newborn @entity35 . Fluorescently labeled GVMs in @entity18296 were recorded using whole-cell patch-clamp in brainstem slices and the effects of @entity25157 receptor agonist @entity2929 on the synaptic inputs were examined. KEY RESULTS: @entity2929 (100 nmol L(-1), 1  mol L(-1), 10  mol L(-1)) significantly inhibited the frequency of glycinergic spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) of GVMs and significantly inhibited the amplitude at the concentration of 10  mol L(-1). These responses were prevented by @entity25158 , a selective @entity25157 receptor antagonist. In the pre-existence of tetradotoxin ( @entity4524 , 1  mol L(-1)), @entity2929 (10  mol L(-1)) caused significant decreases of the glycinergic miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs), in both the frequency and the amplitude. However, @entity2929 (10  mol L(-1)) didn't cause significant changes of the GABAergic sIPSCs. CONCLUSIONS _ INFERENCES: @entity2929 selectively inhibits the glycinergic inputs of GVMs.

title: @entity2929 inhibited glycinergic inputs to gastric vagal motoneurons in brainstem slices of newborn XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin', 'Erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal (GI) cholinergic nerve endings']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Dietary fibre has a complex and highly variable composition. Although some dietary fibres may protect against @entity14 , it is unlikely that all are equally protective. Dietary fibre is principally composed of plant cell walls, but it also includes components obtained from cell walls (e.g. cellulose, pectin, and lignin), and non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) from other sources (e.g. seaweeds and micro-organisms). The AOAC and Englyst methods are commonly used to determine the total amount of dietary fibre in foods. Most of the cell walls in food plants are from parenchyma cells, which are extensively degraded by bacteria in the colon. Cell types with walls containing the hydrophobic polymers lignin, suberin, or @entity19520 also occur in food plants in small numbers, but they may be important in preventing @entity14 . Lignin, and possibly the other polymers, protect these walls from degradation. Epidemiological, @entity1 intervention, and animal studies can be used to try to identify the most protective dietary fibres. Epidemiological studies are difficult to interpret because usually only the total amount of dietary fibre eaten is reported. Intervention studies indicate that @entity3505 bran dietary fibre may be protective. The results of animal @entity105 studies are variable, but sources of insoluble dietary fibres, including @entity3505 bran, appear more protective than soluble dietary fibres, and some dietary fibres appear to enhance @entity105 . Possible mechanisms for protection by dietary fibres can be divided into two groups: those where the dietary fibre is acting directly, and those which result from the dietary fibre being degraded by colonic bacterial enzymes and the products fermented. Possible direct mechanisms include the binding of carcinogens to undegradable dietary fibres, and the absorption of water by undegradable dietary fibre resulting in increased faecal bulk and shortened transit times. Possible indirect mechanisms include the lowering of the colon pH by the short-chain @entity1718 produced by bacterial fermentation, and the specific effects of @entity4876 . There are also a number of possible mechanisms by which some dietary fibres may enhance @entity105 . Use of better defined dietary fibres will increase our understanding of the role of dietary fibres in modulating @entity14 .

title: Dietary fibre: its composition and role in protection against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4876 :: ('MESH:D002087', 'Chemical') :: ['butyrate']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A recent nationwide survey of @entity4685 with @entity1668 in Japan disclosed that the disease frequently shows a chronic persistent course. A neuropathological study of the spinal cord also revealed @entity3619 . Since the effects of various immunotherapies have not been studied extensively in this condition, we evaluated the efficacies of various immunotherapies in @entity1 with @entity4685 with @entity1668 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-two treatments in 26 @entity1 with @entity4685 with @entity1668 were retrospectively analyzed. One of the following therapies was administered: (1) corticosteroids (CS) (pulse therapy followed by oral administration with gradual tapering); (2) intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) (400 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days); (3) @entity8450 ( @entity8450 ); or (4) @entity8450 followed by IVIG or CS ( @entity8450 +IVIG/CS). The therapeutic efficacies were evaluated by thorough neurological examination and laboratory tests including MRI, somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and motor evoked potentials (MEPs). RESULTS: Objective neurological findings improved in 89% of the @entity8450 group and 90% of the @entity8450 +IVIG/CS group, compared with only 72% of the CS and 60% of the IVIG groups. Improvement determined by laboratory tests was seen in 57% of the @entity8450 and 57% of the @entity8450 +IVIG/CS groups, compared with only 15% of the CS and none of the IVIG groups. Thus, the improvement rate determined by laboratory tests was significantly greater for therapies including @entity8450 than for those without @entity8450 (p=0.0187). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that immunotherapy is effective in @entity4685 with @entity1668 despite a chronic persistent course, and that @entity8450 is the most beneficial immunotherapy.

title: Effect of immunotherapy in XXXX with @entity1668 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1668 :: ('MESH:D004198', 'Disease') :: ['atopic diathesis']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic active inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8450 :: ('MESH:D054219', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'plasma exchanges']

answer: @entity4685 :: (MESH:D009187,Disease) :: ['myelitis']


abstract: @entity750 ( @entity750 ) released in inflammatory tissues plays a pivotal role in @entity158 @entity56 . However, it is not clear whether @entity7601 receptors in the inflamed tissues mediate this effect. The present study investigated the contribution of @entity7601 receptors in the periphery to chronic @entity158 . Complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity3795 ) was injected subcutaneously in the hindpaw of @entity35 . The selective @entity7601 antagonist @entity6009 was given in the inflamed site. Paw withdrawal latency responding to heat or mechanical stimuli was measured. Expression of @entity7766 ( @entity7766 ) in the spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) was assayed using immunohistochemistry technique. The results showed that @entity6009 administered in the inflamed site inhibited thermal @entity1931 in a dose-dependent manner (20, 40 and 80   g) induced by the intraplantar injection of @entity3795 . @entity6009 given once per day at a dose of 80   g abolished @entity1931 and also attenuated mechanical allodynia on the third day. @entity3795 injection increased the expression of @entity7766 in superficial laminae of the spinal cord, but not in the DRG. The local treatment of @entity6009 completely inhibited @entity3795 -induced increase in @entity7766 expression in superficial laminae of the spinal cord. These results indicated that activation of @entity7601 receptors in the inflamed tissues was involved in the pathogenesis of @entity158 and the blockade of @entity7601 receptors in the periphery could relieve @entity158 @entity56 and normalize the cellular disorder in the spinal dorsal horn associated with pathological @entity158 . The present study suggests that the peripheral @entity7601 receptors can be a promising target for pharmaceutical therapy to treat chronic @entity158 without central nervous system side effects.

title: [Effects of blockade of 5-HT2A receptors in inflammatory site on complete Freund's adjuvant-induced chronic @entity1931 and neuropeptide Y expression in the spinal dorsal horn in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'heat hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity6009 :: ('MESH:D007650', 'Chemical') :: ['Ketanserin', 'ketanserin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A minimally invasive technique or Nuss procedure was devised for @entity1 with @entity1408 (funnel chest), but it is also used in adult @entity1 . AIM: To report the experience with the Nuss procedure in adults' @entity1 with @entity1408 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective study of @entity1 operated between January 2007 and January 2009. Clinical features, symptoms, operative time, @entity260 , hospital stay and quality of life, using the Nuss questionnaire adapted for adults, was recorded. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 aged 18+/-2 years (14 males) were operated. Seven @entity1 had @entity1635 , two had @entity308 , two had @entity565 and one had a @entity1614 . @entity10058 @entity1 were concerned about aesthetic issues, nine had @entity1353 , three had compression of cardiac cavities and three had pulmonary function disturbances. Haller index was 3.8. Mean operative time was 92 minutes. @entity260 were a pneumothorax without chest tube management in two @entity1 , a peridural @entity1410 in one @entity1 and a bar stabilizer infection that required a reoperation in one @entity1 . No @entity1 died and the mean hospital stay was six days. The Nuss questionnaire scores in the pre and postoperative periods were 33 and 48, respectively (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Nuss operation is feasible and safe in adults with @entity1408 .

title: [Minimally invasive correction of XXXX among adults. Report of eighteen cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1408 :: ('MESH:D005660', 'Disease') :: ['pectus excavatum']

answer: @entity1408 :: (MESH:D005660,Disease) :: ['pectus excavatum']


abstract: PURPOSE: The goal of the present study was to assess the frequency and impact of replanning triggered solely by soft tissue changes observed on the daily setup mega-voltage CT (MVCT) in @entity135 ( @entity498 ) @entity499 ( @entity499 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 11 @entity1 underwent adaptive radiotherapy (ART) using MVCT. Preconditions were a soft tissue change > 0.5 cm and a tight mask. The dose   volume histograms (DVHs) derived from the initial planning kVCT (inPlan), the recalculated DVHs of the fraction (fx) when replanning was decided (actSit) and the DVHs of the new plan (adaptPlan) were compared. Assessed were the following: maximum dose (Dmax), minimum dose (Dmin), and mean dose (Dmean) to the planning target volume ( @entity343 ) normalized to the prescribed dose; the Dmean/fx to the parotid glands (PG), oral cavity (OC), and larynx (Lx); and the Dmax/fx to the spinal cord (SC) in Gy/fx. RESULTS: No @entity1 had palpable soft tissue changes. The median weight loss at the moment of replanning was 2.3 kg. The median @entity343 Dmean was 100% for inPlan, 103% for actSit, and 100% for adaptPlan. The @entity343 was always covered by the prescribed dose. A statistically significant increase was noted for all organs at risk (OAR) in the actSit. The Dmean to the Lx, the Dmean to the OC and the Dmax to the SC were statistically better in the adaptPlan. No statistically significant improvement was achieved by ART for the PGs. No significant correlations between weight and @entity393 or between the volume changes of the organs to each other were observed, except a strong positive correlation of the shrinkage of the PGs (   = + 0.77, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Soft tissue shrinkage without clinical palpable changes will not affect the coverage of the @entity343 , but translates into a higher delivered dose to the @entity343 itself and the normal tissue outside the @entity343 . The gain by ART in individual @entity1   especially in @entity1 who receive doses close to the tolerance doses of the OAR   could be substantial.

title: Adaptive radiotherapy for soft tissue changes during @entity499 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity499 :: ('MESH:C536217', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'helical tomotherapy']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['volume loss']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: A disproportionately small biceps femoris long head (BFlh) proximal aponeurosis has been suggested as a risk factor for hamstring @entity130 by concentrating mechanical strain on the surrounding muscle tissue. However, the size of the BFlh aponeurosis relative to BFlh muscle size, or overall knee flexor strength, has not been investigated. This study aimed to examine the relationship of BFlh proximal aponeurosis area with muscle size (maximal anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSAmax)) and knee flexor strength (isometric and eccentric). METHODS: Magnetic resonance images of the dominant thigh of 30 healthy young males were analyzed to measure BFlh proximal aponeurosis area and muscle ACSAmax. @entity1 performed maximum voluntary contractions to assess knee flexion maximal isometric and eccentric torque (at 50   s and 350   s). RESULTS: BFlh proximal aponeurosis area varied considerably between @entity1 (more than fourfold, range = 7.5-33.5 cm, mean = 20.4    5.4 cm, coefficient of variation = 26.6%) and was not related to BFlh ACSAmax (r = 0.04, P = 0.83). Consequently, the aponeurosis/muscle area ratio (defined as BFlh proximal aponeurosis area divided by BFlh ACSAmax) exhibited sixfold variability, being 83% smaller in one individual than another (0.53 to 3.09, coefficient of variation = 32.5%). Moreover, aponeurosis size was not related to isometric (r = 0.28, P = 0.13) or eccentric knee flexion strength (r = 0.24, P >=  0.20). CONCLUSION: BFlh proximal aponeurosis size exhibits high variability between healthy young @entity1 , and it was not related to BFlh muscle size or knee flexor strength. Individuals with a relatively small aponeurosis may be at increased risk of hamstring @entity130 .

title: Biceps Femoris Aponeurosis Size: A Potential Risk Factor for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['strain injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Strain Injury']


abstract: At least four polypeptides are extractable, using centrifugation in aqueous buffers, from dark adapted @entity291 photoreceptor outer segments but become membrane-bound upon illumination of @entity6988 . Their approximate molecular weights are 68,000, 48,000, 37,000, and 35,000 daltons, as estimated by gel electrophoresis. The 68 K polypeptide was previously identified to carry @entity6988 kinase activity. Both the 37 K and 35 K polypeptides together are shown to carry GTPase activity. The GTPase in its soluble form is inactive but is reactivated if washed rod outer segment membranes are added to it in the light. In the dark after bleaching, the bound polypeptides (enzymes) slowly become soluble again. @entity2036 strongly interact with the light-induced binding of all four of the polypeptides. @entity3007 , for instance, prevents and reverses the light-induced binding of the GTPase. The binding of the GTPase to bleached membranes and its subsequent specific elution with @entity3007 was used to purify the GTPase to homogeneity. It is postulated that these light-induced changes in interaction of proteins with the photoreceptor membrane reflect part of the mechanism by which the enzymes are light-activated via bleaching of @entity6988 .

title: Light-induced, reversible binding of proteins to XXXX photoreceptor membranes. Influence of @entity2036 .

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['Nucleotides']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Objective: The prevalence of @entity1735 @entity209 in @entity1 who receive total parenteral nutrition ( @entity8856 ) is not well known. These disorders can affect the treatment, metabolic control and prognosis of affected @entity1 . The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence in noncritically ill @entity1 on @entity8856 of @entity6 , @entity5710 and @entity4854 ; the factors affecting @entity4854 during @entity8856 ; and the @entity2690 therapy provided and the metabolic control achieved.Methods: We undertook a prospective multicenter study involving 19 Spanish hospitals. Noncritically ill @entity1 who were prescribed @entity8856 were included, and data were collected on demographic, clinical and laboratory variables (glycated hemoglobin, @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), capillary blood @entity413 ) as well as @entity2690 treatment.Results. The study included 605 @entity1 . Before initiation of @entity8856 , the prevalence of known @entity6 was 17.4%, unknown @entity6 4.3%, @entity4854 7.1% and @entity5710 27.8%. During @entity8856 therapy 50.9% of @entity1 had at least one capillary blood @entity413 >180 mg/dL. Predisposing factors were age, levels of @entity1851 and glycated hemoglobin, the presence of @entity6 , @entity166 , the number of grams of @entity3363 infused and the administration of @entity413 -elevating drugs. Most (71.6%) @entity1 were treated with @entity2690 . The mean capillary blood @entity413 levels during @entity8856 were: known @entity6 (178.6  46.5 mg/dL), unknown @entity6 (173.9  51.9), @entity5710 (136.0  25.4), @entity4854 (146.0  29.3) and normal (123.2  19.9) (p<0.001).Conclusion: The prevalence of @entity1735 @entity209 is very high in noncritically ill @entity1 on @entity8856 . These disorders affect @entity2690 treatment and the degree of metabolic control achieved.

title: Prevalence of @entity6 , @entity5710 , XXXX Therapy and Metabolic Control in @entity1 on Total Parenteral Nutrition (Prospective Multicenter Study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolism disorders']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['stress hyperglycemia', 'hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['Insulin']


abstract: Objectives. The aim of this prospective cohort, multicentre study was to assess the effect of coadministrating @entity3709 10   mg/day with an ongoing statin on the estimated risk for Cardiovascular (CVD) mortality in @entity1 with persistently elevated LDL-C after @entity1780 monotherapy. Methods. The Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) function was used to estimate the 10-year risk for cardiovascular mortality at baseline and 6 weeks. Primary outcome measures were absolute and percent changes in estimated @entity301 ( @entity301 ) Mortality Risk, and general CVD Mortality Risk ( @entity348 Mortality Risk). Results. 825 @entity1 were included in the analysis. Mean (SD) age was 62 (10.5) years and 62.3% were males. The mean (SD) estimated @entity348 Mortality Risk decreased from 0.068 (0.059) at baseline to 0.053 (0.046) at 6 weeks (RR = 0.77; 95% CI:0.689-0.867), while the estimated @entity301 Mortality Risk decreased from 0.047 (0.040) at baseline to 0.034 (0.029) at 6 weeks (RR = 0.72; 95% CI:0.624-0.826). Conclusions. Co-administration of @entity3709 with a statin is effective in significantly reducing the estimated risk for cardiovascular mortality as measured by the SCORE model.

title: Effectiveness of @entity3709 in Reducing the Estimated Risk for Fatal Cardiovascular Events in Hypercholesterolaemic @entity1 with Inadequate Lipid Control While on XXXX Monotherapy as Measured by the SCORE Model.

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'Coronary Heart Disease']

entities_list: @entity3709 :: ('MESH:C108606', 'Chemical') :: ['ezetimibe']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['Total CVD']

answer: @entity1780 :: (CHEBI:35664,Chemical) :: ['Statin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Findings from the literature consistently revealed @entity2414 in adolescents with @entity716 . However, the nature of the dysfunction remains unclear. Based on a cognitive neuropsychological approach, a theoretically driven paradigm was used to generate valid interpretations about the underlying memory processes impaired in these @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 16 inpatient adolescents with @entity716 and 19 individually matched controls were assessed using an experimental task designed to measure memory for source and temporal context of studied words. Retrospective confidence judgements for source and temporal context responses were also assessed. RESULTS: On word recognition, @entity1 had more difficulty than controls discriminating target words from neutral distractors. In addition, @entity1 identified both source and temporal context features of recognised items less often than controls. Confidence judgements analyses revealed that the difference between the proportions of correct and incorrect responses made with high confidence was lower in @entity1 than in controls. In addition, the proportion of high-confident responses that were errors was higher in @entity1 compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest impaired relational binding processes in adolescents with @entity716 , resulting in a difficulty to create unified memory representations. Our findings on retrospective confidence data point to impaired monitoring of retrieved information that may also impair memory performance in these individuals.

title: Deficient relational binding processes in adolescents with XXXX : evidence from impaired memory for source and temporal context.

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['episodic memory deficits']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity625 Self-Efficacy Scale-8 (ASES-8) is a valid tool to measure @entity1 ' @entity625 -specific self-efficacy. However, evidence about reliability and validity of the ASES-8 in Chinese @entity625 @entity1 is lacking. This study aimed to culturally adapt and test the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the ASES-8. Chinese ASES-8 was translated from original English version using translation and back-translation procedures. Validation survey was then conducted in a university-affiliated hospital by a set of questionnaires comprised Chinese ASES-8, @entity158 -VAS, The Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (HADS), Functional Assessment of @entity102 Therapy Fatigue (FACIT-F), and Short Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36) physical functioning subscale. A convenience sample of 134 @entity1 with @entity309 was recruited from the department of rheumatology. Validity was assessed by Pearson's correlation analysis and exploratory factor analysis. Reliability was assessed using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha. Exploratory factor analysis extracted one dimension that explained of the 71.35% variation. Significant negative correlations were found between the ASES-8 and @entity158 -VAS, HADS-D, HADS-A scores (r -0.487 to -0.656, p   <   0.01), while positive correlations were found between the ASES-8 and SF-36 PH (r   =   0.561, p   <   0.01), FACIT-F (r   =   0.660, p   <   0.01). Excellent test-retest reliability (ICC   =   0.98) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha   =   0.942) were demonstrated. The Chinese version of the ASES-8 had statistically acceptable levels of reliability and validity for assessing self-efficacy in @entity1 with @entity309 . This disease-specific scale is particularly valuable for use among @entity1 with @entity309 from the Chinese population.

title: Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of @entity625 Self-Efficacy Scale-8 (ASES-8) in a XXXX population.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Illness']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']