abstract: UNASSIGNED: Previous studies of glucocorticoid (GC) therapy and mortality have had inconsistent results and have not considered possible perimortal bias-a type of protopathic bias where illness in the latter stages of life influences GC exposure, and might affect the observed relationship between GC use and @entity204 . This study aimed to investigate all-cause and cause-specific mortality in association with GC therapy in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ), and explore possible perimortal bias. A retrospective cohort study using the primary care electronic medical records. Oral GC exposure was identified from prescriptions. Mortality data were obtained from the UK Office for National Statistics. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models assessed the association between GC use models and @entity204 . Several methods to explore perimortal bias were examined. The cohort included 16,762 @entity1 . For ever GC use there was an adjusted hazard ratio for all-cause mortality of 1.97 (95  % CI 1.81-2.15). Current GC dose of below 5  mg per day ( @entity617 equivalent dose) was not associated with an increased risk of @entity204 , but a dose-response association was seen for higher dose categories. The association between ever GC use and all-cause mortality was partly explained by perimortal bias. GC therapy was associated with an increased risk of mortality for all specific causes considered, albeit to a lesser extent for cardiovascular causes. GC use was associated with an increased risk of @entity204 in @entity309 , at least partially explained by perimortal bias. Importantly, GC doses below 5  mg were not associated with an increased risk of @entity204 .

title: Oral glucocorticoid therapy and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in XXXX with @entity309 : a retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity385 accounts for over 80% in total @entity1 @entity64 which mostly affect middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory. @entity64 models induced by injection of homologous clots into the internal carotid artery and MCA closely mimic @entity1 @entity64 and have been commonly used in @entity64 research. Studies indicate that the size and composition of clots are critical for the reproducibility of the @entity64 model. In the present study, we modified the homologous clots formation by addition of @entity7102 and fibrinogen which produced even distribution of fibrin with tight cross linkage of red blood cells. We optimized the @entity2500 model in @entity35 using different size of the mixed clots. A precise lodgment of the clots at the MCA bifurcation and highly reproducible @entity2806 in the MCA territory were demonstrated in the @entity2500 model induced by injection of 10 pieces of 1-mm long mixed clots made in PE-60 catheter. We further tested the effect of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) in this @entity2500 model. rtPA induced thrombolysis, improved neurological outcome, and significantly reduced @entity2806 volume when administered at 1h after @entity887 as compared with control. In summary, we have established a reproducible @entity2500 model using clots made of homologous blood, @entity7102 and fibrinogen. The mixed clots enable precise lodgment at the MCA bifurcation which is responsive to thrombolytic therapy of rtPA.

title: @entity2500 cerebral artery occlusion model using XXXX and fibrinogen composed clots in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Embolic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesion']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['embolic MCA occlusion']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity7102 :: (29251(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['thrombin']


abstract: PURPOSE: The authors report their experience over a 28-month period with embolization of 23 non-neurologic @entity455 in 21 @entity1 with use of a coaxial microcatheter coil delivery system. @entity1 AND METHODS: The injuries included @entity2849 (n = 17), @entity2548 (n = 3), and sites of extravasation (n = 3) and were caused by gunshot, shotgun, and stab wounds, as well as motor vehicle accidents and @entity4499 . All microcatheter embolizations except one were performed with 2.2-F Tracker-18 catheters inserted coaxially through 5.0-5.5-F guiding catheters. In one case, a coaxial 3-F Teflon catheter was used. In all cases @entity902 microcoils (almost all non-fibril) and/or straight @entity902 embolization wires (with fibrils) were used. RESULTS: Twenty-one (91%) of 23 @entity455 were successfully occluded with use of the microcatheter system. The two cases in which microcatheter embolization failed were successfully managed by using larger catheters and steel coils. Two @entity1 with @entity455 (one site of extravasation and a @entity2849 ) and one @entity1 with a lower extremity @entity2548 required two procedures each for successful treatment. Procedures were life-saving in at least two @entity1 . Two lesions recurred during follow-up ranging from 3 days to 17 months. Both of these recurrences were successfully treated with transcatheter embolization, in one case with use of microcatheters. CONCLUSION: Microcatheter embolization with @entity902 coils and wires is an effective means for treating @entity455 . A coaxial microcatheter system allows for easier, more rapid coil/wire delivery to smaller, spasm-prone arteries in such cases.

title: Microcatheter embolization of non-neurologic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4499 :: ('MESH:D007049', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic trauma']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions', 'hepatic vascular lesions', 'traumatic vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistulas', 'arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['traumatic vascular lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to determine incidence and @entity308 . METHODS: this is a 3-year observational cohort study of 3,214 non-demented @entity1 aged 75 and over completing three waves of assessment. The @entity1 were recruited in 138 primary care practices in six urban areas in Germany. @entity308 were measured at baseline, and 18 months and 36 months later using the GDS-15 Geriatric Depression Scale with a cut-off 0-5/6-15. Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied to examine predictors of incident @entity308 , adjusting for sex, age, education, living situation, activities of daily living - and instrumental activities of daily living impairment, somatic comorbidity, @entity167 consumption, smoking, mild @entity73 and @entity2204 status. RESULTS: the incidence of @entity308 was 36.8 (95% CI: 29.6-45.3) per 1,000 @entity1 -years in @entity1 and 46.0 (95% CI: 39.9-52.8) in @entity1 (sex difference P = 0.069). The incidence increased from 35.4 (95% CI: 29.7-41.9) per 1000 @entity1 -years between the ages of 75 and 79 to 75.2 (95% CI: 53.2-103.2) for subjects 85 years and older. After full adjustment for confounding variables, hazard ratios (HR) for incident @entity308 were significantly higher for subjects 85 years and older (HR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.24-2.70) and those with @entity73 (HR: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.97-3.25), @entity227 (HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.04-1.91), mild @entity73 (HR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.10-2.10), subjective @entity2414 (HR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.01-1.74) and current smoking (HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.13-2.53). CONCLUSIONS: the incidence of @entity308 increased significantly with age. In designing prevention programmes, it is important to call more @entity73 , @entity73 and smoking.

title: Incidence and predictors of XXXX in non-demented primary care attenders aged 75 years and older: results from a 3-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['vision impairment']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['predictors of late-life depression', 'depression', 'Depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'attention on functional impairment', 'mobility impairment']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: PURPOSE: New aspects like acetabular overcoverage, acetabular retroversion and proximal femoral @entity135 have been detected as a main cause of @entity571 . The study addresses the detection of reasons for @entity571 requiring THA in young adults. We wanted to prove the hypothesis that idiopathic reasons play an overestimated role in @entity571 in young @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: 228 total hip arthroplasties in @entity1 aged  <=60 years were performed at our institution. After the detection of the primary reasons for @entity570 , the radiographic pictures of all other @entity1 were analyzed for radiographic signs of @entity572 or @entity1743 . For interobserver quality testing, this was done by two different observers. RESULTS: 132 @entity1 were initially classified as having @entity570 . There was no pathological radiographic finding in only 5 @entity1 . 80 @entity1 presented a reduced head-neck offset as a sign of CAM impingement with a mean head ratio of 1.52  0.35 and an alpha angle of 62.8  9.28  . 21 @entity1 presented a figure-8 sign as an indicator for acetabular retroversion. 68 @entity1 presented at least one radiographic finding for " @entity1141 " and 60 @entity1 at least one radiographic finding for excessive "overcoverage". The Bland-Altman Plot for testing interobserver reliability demonstrated good interobserver agreement. CONCLUSION: Idiopathic @entity571 in young adults is rare if you look hard enough for the underlying pathology. If treated, @entity1 might benefit and @entity2445 could be postponed for several years.

title: Indications for total hip arthroplasty in young adults - idiopathic XXXX seems to be overestimated.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-neck dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity1743 :: ('MESH:D057925', 'Disease') :: ['femoroacetabular impingement']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic osteoarthritis of the hip', 'osteoarthritis of the hip']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Body mass index (BMI) has an impact on survival outcome in @entity1 treated with aromatase inhibitors (AIs). @entity28 is associated with an @entity101 and may be a cause of insufficient @entity53 depletion. METHODS: Sixty-eight postmenopausal @entity2931 receptor-positive @entity1 with early @entity0 were prospectively included in this study. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and @entity53 were analysed immediately in the clinical routine lab and in a dedicated central lab before (T1) and 3 months after start with aromatase inhibitors (T2). RESULTS: A total of 40 @entity1 were normal or overweight ( @entity28 : BMI 18.5-29.9 kg m(-2)) and 28 were @entity28 (BMI >=  30 kg m(-2)). Aromatase inhibitors significantly suppressed @entity53 serum levels (T1: 19.5 pg ml(-1), T2: 10.5 pg ml(-1), P<0.01) and increased FSH serum levels (T1: 70.2 mIU ml(-1), T2: 75.7 mIU ml(-1), P<0.05). However, after 3 months of AI treatment, @entity53 levels of @entity28 @entity1 were nonsignificantly higher compared with @entity28 @entity1 (12.5 pg ml(-1) vs 9.0 pg ml(-1), P=0.1). This difference was reflected by significantly lower FSH serum levels in @entity28 compared with @entity28 @entity1 (65.5 mIU ml(-1) vs 84.6 mIU ml(-1), P<0.01). The significant effects of BMI on FSH serum levels could be detected both in the routine as well as in the dedicated central lab. CONCLUSION: Aromatase inhibitors are less efficient at suppressing @entity53 serum levels in @entity28 when compared with @entity28 @entity1 .

title: Impact of body mass index on @entity53 depletion by aromatase inhibitors in postmenopausal @entity1 with early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased body aromatisation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese', 'non-obese']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: We investigated the expression of gap junctions in virgin, pregnant, lactating, and involuting @entity19 mammary gland epithelium with a panel of sequence-specific antibodies to connexins 26, 32, 40 and 43. Indirect immunofluorescence labeling of frozen sections of mammary gland showed that @entity43146 was the major connexin in mammary epithelium. Connexins 43, 40, and 32 were not detected. @entity43146 was not detected in the mammary epithelium of virgin @entity19 but was increasingly expressed during pregnancy. At Day 4 of pregnancy, when the mammary gland was composed almost exclusively of ducts, low levels of labeling were detected in the duct epithelium. As pregnancy progressed, the level of labeling with antibodies to @entity43146 increased in quantity and intensity. At Day 12, when developing lobules were present, immunolabeling for @entity43146 was detected surrounding the developing lumina, which on Day 19 were distended with milk. Labeling of mammary gland reached a maximum on Day 24 (5 days' lactation) but within 24 hr of removal of the litter on Day 28, @entity43146 labeling was greatly diminished. No further change in labeling intensity with the antibodies to connexins was detected throughout involution. Double immunofluorescence labeling of 5-day lactating mammary gland with antibodies to @entity43146 -keratin 19 indicated that the majority of gap junctions detected by this analysis were within the luminal cell population. Western blot analysis of a lactating mammary gland (Day 24) confirmed the absence or low level of expression of connexins 32 and 43, as seen in the immunofluorescence studies, and showed that @entity43146 was a dominant antigen expressed in lactating mammary gland epithelium.

title: Rapid modulation of gap junction expression in XXXX mammary gland during pregnancy, lactation, and involution.

entities_list: @entity43146 :: ('14619(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Connexin26', 'connexin26 and anti-keratin 14 or', 'connexin26']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: A wide spectrum of clinical and morphologic changes in 32 autopsy cases of noncirrhotic portal @entity82 have been described. The disease frequently occurs in younger @entity1 with a long history of @entity381 , usually with a history of hematemesis. Females are affected almost equally as often as males in contrast to @entity82 . The @entity1 tolerate the @entity548 episodes well. @entity204 is usually due to massive @entity548 . The diagnosis is achieved through a process of exclusion. A critical analysis of hemodynamic data, a splenoportogram, liver function tests (particularly @entity8600 retention) and angiographic data is mandatory. Needle biopsy of the liver appears to have limited value in making the diagnosis. The gross anatomic findings vary from a nearly normal liver to gross nodularity, seen particularly on the posteroinferior surface. In some cases these nodules are seen to physically impede the portal blood flow and contribute to portal @entity101 . Phlebosclerosis of the smaller radicles of the portal vein and irregular scarring are the outstanding morphologic features of the disease. These changes are usually associated with irregular dilatation of some of the larger intrahepatic branches of the portal vein as well as @entity11459 with or without occluding or organizing thrombi in both intra- and extrahepatic branches of the portal vein. The changes in hepatic venous radicles are characterized by @entity1463 , which seems to contribute significantly toward @entity616 in advanced cases. The probable mode of evolution is discussed.

title: The pathology of noncirrhotic portal XXXX : a review of 32 autopsy cases.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity8600 :: ('MESH:D013448', 'Chemical') :: ['Bromsulphalein']

entities_list: @entity11459 :: ('MESH:D004695', 'Disease') :: ['fibroelastosis']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['irregular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['postsinusoidal block']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: Evidence for the direct uptake ("selective uptake") of @entity8557 (CE) from low density lipoproteins (LDL) by perfused luteinized @entity35 ovaries (Azhar, S., A. Cooper, L. Tsai, W. Maffe, and E. Reaven. 1988. J. Lipid Res. 29: 869-882) led to this examination of LDL selective uptake in cultured cells and in @entity35 using LDL doubly labeled with intracellularly trapped tracers of the CE and apoB moieties. Studies in vitro demonstrated LDL selective uptake by @entity1 fibroblasts at a low rate relative to LDL particle uptake; the fractional rate of this selective uptake increased with decreasing LDL particle size. @entity19 Y1-BS1 adrenal cortical @entity5 cells also selectively took up LDL CE; on ACTH treatment, LDL selective uptake increased in parallel with high density lipoproteins (HDL) selective uptake, and accounted for the majority of LDL CE uptake. Metabolism of doubly labeled LDL was examined in @entity35 . Adrenal gland and liver selectively took up CE from @entity35 LDL, as did lung and adipose tissue. Selective uptake from @entity1 LDL was at a lower fractional rate than from @entity35 LDL, and could not be demonstrated in as many organs. Although selective uptake from LDL by ovaries of adult @entity35 was not significant, ovaries of immature @entity35 consistently exhibited LDL selective uptake; on treatment of these @entity35 with hormones to produce superovulated, luteinized ovaries, LDL selective uptake increased in the ovaries and nowhere else. Selective uptake was also apparent in liver, where it accounted for 27% of total hepatic uptake of @entity35 LDL CE. These studies indicate a significant contribution of selective uptake to LDL CE metabolism in @entity35 , suggesting the possibility of a role in other animals as well.

title: Selective uptake of XXXX from low density lipoproteins in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity8557 :: ('MESH:D002788', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesteryl esters']

answer: @entity8557 :: (MESH:D002788,Chemical) :: ['cholesteryl esters']


abstract: @entity955 is a common condition affecting elderly individuals; as many as 10% of @entity1 older than age 80 years have AF. AF is also a potent risk factor for @entity385 , raising the risk of @entity64 fivefold. A set of consistent randomized controlled trials has demonstrated that long-term anticoagulation can largely reverse the risk of @entity64 attributable to AF. In these trials, anticoagulation generally proved quite safe, raising the risk of @entity932 by less than 0.5% per year. The anticoagulation target for AF is INR 2 to 3 with INR 2.5 as the specific goal. The trials were much less consistent about the efficacy of @entity117 , although it seems that @entity117 has a small @entity64 -preventive effect. The recommended dose of @entity117 is 325 mg per day. Because it raises the risk of @entity548 and adds the burden of frequent monitoring of INR values, anticoagulation is recommended for those @entity1 with AF at higher risk of @entity64 . Such higher risk is conferred by the following risk factors: (1) a history of a prior @entity64 , @entity4905 , or other systemic embolic event; (2) a history of @entity101 ; (3) @entity6 ; (4) left @entity67 ; (5) @entity4794 ; and (6) older age. The exact age threshold conferring sufficiently increased risk is uncertain, with some research indicating the threshold should be age 65 years, and other research indicating the threshold should be age 75 years. For lower-risk @entity1 , @entity117 is recommended. Future research should focus on the oldest @entity1 with AF. These individuals face the highest risk of @entity385 without anticoagulation and the highest risk of major @entity548 with anticoagulation. Only small numbers of such elderly @entity1 were included in the randomized trials. Future research should also focus on improved risk stratification, allowing better targeting of anticoagulation. Discoveries of new antithrombotic agents and new drugs and devices for preservation of sinus rhythm could radically improve @entity64 -preventive strategies for AF.

title: Antithrombotic therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The association of intrahepatic @entity1125 in @entity2876 ( @entity2876 ) after hepatic portoenterostomy has drawn the attention of many pediatric surgeons and has become an important subject in clinical management, but the incidence and causes of this association are not well known. METHODS: During the last 14 years, we operated on 33 @entity2876 @entity1 by hepatic portoenterostomy. Five @entity1 could not be followed up over a 1-year period, so the remaining 28 @entity1 had their intrahepatic structure investigated by periodic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and were confirmed at autopsy. The authors also reviewed the preoperative conditions of these @entity1 and the histopathologic changes in the liver biopsy and the porta @entity9429 specimens taken at portoenterostomy. RESULTS: (1) Intrahepatic @entity1125 were found in 6 of the 28 @entity1 studied (21%). Of 16 @entity1 who were operated on after 1989 and are undergoing follow-up by MRI, 4 (25%) had cysts. (2) Five of the 6 @entity1 with cysts had episodes of @entity255 before or at the time of discovery of the cysts, and 4 of them have had their @entity1087 reappear since the discovery of the cysts. (3) The @entity3626 ( @entity3626 ) with @entity82 and the number of bile ducts had increased in the group with cysts compared with those in the group without cysts. (4) The bile duct maximum size in the porta @entity9429 (PH) was similar in the groups with and without cysts, but a denudation of the mucosal lining cells in the duct, and a @entity82 and @entity32 around the duct had increased in the group with cysts compared with those in the group without cysts. (5) Statistically, the @entity82 found in the @entity3626 and the @entity32 around the bile duct found in the PH were induced as a correlative factor affecting cyst formation. CONCLUSIONS: The association of intrahepatic @entity1125 in @entity2876 after portoenterostomy is frequent. The fibrous change in the @entity3626 and the inflammatory process around the bile ducts might be potential causes of cyst formation.

title: Incidence of intrahepatic @entity1125 in @entity2876 after hepatic portoenterostomy and associated histopathologic findings in the liver and porta XXXX at diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3626 :: ('MESH:D018489', 'Disease') :: ['intralobular spaces', 'ILS']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['BA', 'biliary atresia']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['biliary cysts']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity9429 :: (MESH:D010382,Disease) :: ['hepatis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse determinants of self reported health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in morbid @entity28 @entity1 candidates to laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). METHODS: Determinants of HR-QoL were investigated in 383 morbid @entity28 @entity1 (82 M and 301 F) with BMI>= 40 kg/m   (BMI>= 35 kg/m   if complicated @entity28 ) and age 18-60 years. HR-QoL was determined with the SF-36 questionnaire. Determinants of the two summary measures of SF-36 (physical component and mental component) were analysed by stepwise multiple linear regression analysis with age, BMI, physical comorbidites, mental comorbidites and eating @entity74 as independent variables. Physical comorbities ( @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity2298 , low HDL, sleep @entity386 and @entity571 ) were coded as present or absent on the basis of simple diagnostic clinical criteria; mental comorbidities ( @entity308 ) and eating @entity74 ( @entity6426 , sweet eating and nibbling) on the basis of an unstructured clinical interview. RESULTS: Mean age was 38.8  10.2 years and mean BMI was 41.5  5.4 kg/m  . Scores in the eight SF-36 subscales were lower in @entity1 than in @entity1 and lower than in the general Italian population. However, 18.4-43.5% of the @entity1 had HR-QoL levels above the normative values, depending on the scale. In both genders, low scores in the mental component of the SF-36 were associated to the presence of @entity308 and eating @entity74 and not to physical comorbidities or BMI levels. Low physical self-perceived well being was associated to high BMI levels in @entity1 and to @entity308 , @entity101 and @entity2298 in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: HR-QoL was poor in morbid @entity28 candidates to LAGB, particularly in @entity1 , and was negatively affected more by mental comorbidites and eating @entity74 than by physical comorbidities or BMI levels.

title: Determinants of health-related quality of life in morbid XXXX candidates to gastric banding.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity6426 :: ('MESH:D002032', 'Disease') :: ['binge eating']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['behaviour disorders']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the ocular @entity551 effect of the prostanoid EP2 receptor agonist butaprost and to establish its mechanism of action. METHODS: All experiments were performed in @entity5434 after topical application of butaprost (0.1%). The effects of butaprost on aqueous humor flow were determined by fluorophotometry. Total outflow facility was measured by the two-level, constant-pressure perfusion method, and uveoscleral outflow was determined by perfusion of @entity2823 -labeled dextran through the anterior chamber. Effects on ocular morphology were studied after tissue fixation with transcardial perfusion by @entity1604 and immersion fixation of the globe, in animals subjected to long-term treatment with butaprost. Conscious ocular normotensive monkeys and monkeys with @entity2790 were used for intraocular pressure (IOP) studies. RESULTS: Butaprost had no significant effect on aqueous humor flow or total outflow facility in ocular normotensive monkeys. Uveoscleral outflow was significantly higher in the butaprost treated eyes than in vehicle treated eyes, 1.03 +/- 0.20 vs. 0.53 +/- 0.18 microL.min(-1). After a 1-year treatment with butaprost, the morphology of the ciliary muscle was changed, showing increased spaces between ciliary muscle bundles and the apparent formation of new outflow channels. In many instances, changes were observed in the trabecular meshwork as well. Butaprost, in a single 0.1% dose, decreased IOP significantly in ocular normotensive monkeys and reduced IOP in laser-induced @entity735 to the same level as that in the ocular normotensive @entity735 . CONCLUSIONS: The prostanoid EP2 receptor agonist butaprost appears to lower IOP by increasing uveoscleral outflow, according to both physiological and morphologic findings. Although the prostanoid EP2 receptor is structurally and functionally distinct from the FP receptor, the effects of EP2 and FP receptor stimulation on aqueous humor outflow are similar.

title: The prostanoid EP2 receptor agonist butaprost increases uveoscleral outflow in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous monkey eyes', 'contralateral eyes']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1604 :: ('MESH:C003043', 'Chemical') :: ['paraformaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['cynomolgus monkey']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity354 ( @entity354 ) also have various extra-esophageal symptoms. @entity8823 ( @entity8823 ) is a subtype of @entity354 associated with globus sensation, but @entity7080 inhibitor (PPI) therapy achieves disappointing results. This study investigated esophageal motility in @entity354 @entity1 with globus sensation who were resistant to PPI therapy. DESIGN: The subjects were 350 @entity1 with globus sensation. All @entity1 underwent both laryngoscopy and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to exclude @entity347 . After 4 weeks of treatment with @entity7619 (20 mg daily), the @entity1 were divided into PPI-responsive and PPI-resistant groups. Then we investigated esophageal motility in the PPI-resistant group by a multichannel intraluminal impedance and manometry study. RESULTS: A total of 119 @entity1 (55.6%) were resistant to PPI therapy, among whom 57 @entity1 (47.9%) had abnormal esophageal motility. They included 36 @entity1 (66.4%) with ineffective esophageal motility, 9 @entity1 (14.4%) with @entity1318 , 6 @entity1 (9.6%) with @entity9237 , 5 @entity1 (8%) with nutcracker esophagus, and 1 @entity1 (1.6%) with @entity101 lower esophageal sphincter. There were significant differences of upper esophageal sphincter pressure and esophageal body peristalsis between the @entity1 with PPI-resistant @entity8823 and healthy controls matched for age and sex. CONCLUSION: Among @entity1 with PPI-resistant @entity8823 , 47.9% had abnormal esophageal motility.

title: Esophageal motor dysfunction plays a key role in XXXX with globus sensation--analysis of factors promoting resistance to PPI therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity9237 :: ('MESH:D015155', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse esophageal spasm']

entities_list: @entity7619 :: ('MESH:C063129', 'Chemical') :: ['rabeprazole sodium']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

entities_list: @entity8823 :: ('MESH:D057045', 'Disease') :: ['LPRD', 'Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic disease']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['GERD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Functional outcome after reconstruction of open @entity3681 has not been well presented in the literature. The authors present the functional results of 24 @entity1 who sustained complex @entity3681 . METHODS: @entity1 were assessed using three scoring systems (a modified A/O score, the Enneking score, and the AOFAS) and subdivided into two groups: those primarily treated at Charing Cross Hospital according to strict protocols combining orthopedic and plastic surgical techniques (group P) and those secondarily treated who were transferred to Charing Cross Hospital after initial management at a remote unit (group S). RESULTS: There were nine @entity1 (37.5 percent) in group P and 15 (62.5 percent) in group S. Eighteen @entity1 (75 percent) underwent free-tissue transfer. Sixteen @entity1 (67 percent) were assessed (group P, n = 7; group S, n = 9) for return of function using the Enneking score. Mean time to assessment was 10.5 months for group P and 11.4 months for group S. Mean Enneking percentage score was 75 for group P and 72.2 for group S. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between these scores. The mean time to union was 19 weeks (n = 5) for group P and 24 weeks (n = 7) for group S. The mean AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Scores were comparable to the Enneking scores when independent observers undertook this assessment. Most @entity1 in both groups reported difficulty with descent of stairs. CONCLUSIONS: Although the authors were able to achieve a similar return of function for both groups, group S @entity1 needed at least one more operation. In cases of @entity1171 where there is significant soft-tissue injury (either closed or open), representing a complex injury, the authors recommend making no attempt to internally fix the @entity174 and instead referring the @entity1 to a specialist center for combined orthoplastic attention. If this is not immediately at hand, screw fixation of the medial malleolus should be undertaken after open reduction. The lateral malleolus should not be internally fixed, but should it require control, external fixation is the preferred method of skeletal stabilization.

title: Management of severe open XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle injuries']

answer: @entity3681 :: (MESH:D016512,Disease) :: ['ankle injuries']


abstract: Intensive treatment regimens including early initiation of insulin treatment are important to prevent late complications in type 2 @entity6 . The assumed risk of severe @entity4053 (SH) is a major barrier to initiation of insulin treatment. To assess the relevance of this risk we evaluated the frequency of SH as reported in the literature. Using Medline and Embase search we identified 11 studies (5 retrospective and 6 prospective) including at least 50 @entity1 with insulin-treated type 2 @entity6 followed for at least 6 months in which frequency of SH was reported. The incidence of SH in the retrospective studies varied from 15 to 73 episodes per 100 @entity1 -year with a proportion of the @entity1 having one or more episodes between 1.4 to 15%. In the prospective studies, both incidence rate and proportion of the @entity1 having one or more episodes of SH were lower than in the retrospective studies. Only few studies looked into the impact of risk factors on the rate of SH. @entity73 awareness, high age, long duration of @entity6 and insulin therapy increased the risk, while no association was found with HbA1c and insulin dose. The present knowledge of SH in insulin-treated type 2 @entity6 is characterized by the paucity of data and the heterogeneity of the few studies available. Large and long-lasting studies with SH as primary endpoint are warranted in order to further clarify the occurrence of SH and influence of the risk factors in unselected @entity1 with insulin-treated type 2 @entity6 .

title: Frequency and risk factors of severe XXXX in insulin-treated type 2 @entity6 : a literature survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Impaired hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia']


abstract: A total of 2288 @entity1 were screened for hematocrit over a period of 15 months. @entity6582 was diagnosed in 27 cases (1.2%). Preterm and term babies had more or less equal risk to develop @entity6582 (1.5% and 1.1% respectively) while postterm @entity1 had at least three times increased risk (3.4%) when compared to their term counterparts. Large-for-dates (LFDs) and @entity4153 ( @entity4153 ) @entity1 had increased risk of manifesting @entity6582 which was nearly four times (2.2%) and twenty-five times (13.2%) respectively, as compared to appropriate-for-dates (AFDs) babies (0.5%). About one-third of polycythemic @entity1 had one or more symptoms. The most common symptoms observed was jitteriness (25.9%) followed by @entity649 (14.8%) and lethargy (11.1%). The mean (+/- SD) hematocrit of symptomatic newborns (76.0 +/- 4.04) was found to be significantly higher (p less than 0.001) as compared to asymptomatic babies (70.84 +/- 2.73). Partial exchange transfusion with plasma was performed in all the symptomatic cases within 8 hours of onset of symptoms. No such intervention was performed in asymptomatic cases. On neurodevelopment follow-up, the development indices ( @entity13521 and @entity13091 ) of both asymptomatic and symptomatic cases were found to be comparable.

title: XXXX in the newborn: do asymptomatic babies need exchange transfusion?

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia', 'Polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small-for-dates', 'SFDs']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

answer: @entity6582 :: (MESH:D011086,Disease) :: ['Polycythemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To visualize the in vivo structure and to investigate the composition of @entity35 precorneal tear film. METHODS: An in vivo cryofixation with freeze substitution method of electron microscopy was used for the study. For light and transmission electron microscopy, a small amount of @entity3775 powder was used as a tracer spread on the corneal surface. The eyeballs were immediately and quickly frozen by pouring an @entity28633 - @entity24336 mixture cooled by liquid @entity1568 directly over the eyes. For scanning electron microscopy, the corneal surface was freeze-fractured after the cryofixation. The specimens were then freeze-substituted and prepared conventionally for microscopic observation. RESULTS: The tear film appeared as a layer of homogeneous and fine network-like structures varying from 2 to 6 microns in thickness on the corneal surface, with a membrane-like layer covering its surface. The @entity3775 powder was located on the surface of the tear film. The tear film could be removed completely by applying 10% or 20% @entity898 , but not by @entity1391 buffer. CONCLUSIONS: The in vivo structure of the @entity35 tear film is composed primarily of mucus, with a lipid layer covering its surface but without a free aqueous layer. The "three layers theory" of tear film structure requires revisions.

title: Structure and composition of XXXX precorneal tear film. A study by an in vivo cryofixation.

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity28633 :: ('MESH:C067038', 'Chemical') :: ['isopentane']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Fifty-four @entity1 in whom a total of fifty-eight semiconstrained modified Coonrad elbow implants had been inserted for @entity309 were followed for a mean of 3.8 years (range, two to eight years). At the latest follow-up, there was little or no @entity158 in fifty-three elbows (91 per cent). The arc of motion was from an average point in flexion of 20 degrees to an average point in flexion of 129 degrees, representing an average increase of 12 degrees of extension and 11 degrees of flexion. The average arc of pronation was 78 degrees, an increase of 14 degrees, and the average arc of supination was 77 degrees, an increase of 18 degrees. An additional ten @entity1 who had had insertion of ten modified Coonrad implants during the same period were followed for less than two years but were included in the assessment of complications. Fifteen (22 per cent) of the sixty-eight elbows had a complication: four, @entity281 ; eight, acute or delayed condylar or ulnar @entity174 ; and one each, @entity3165 , @entity155 of the triceps, and @entity174 of the implant. Radiographic evaluation was performed for fifty-four of the fifty-eight elbows; the other four were excluded from this evaluation because of @entity281 . A satisfactory radiographic appearance of the cement--its extent and the absence of @entity13425 areas--was noted for all of the ulnar components and for fifty-one (94 per cent) of the humeral components. No @entity1 had radiographic evidence of a loose implant. A reoperation was performed in six elbows (10 per cent of the fifty-eight; 9 per cent of the sixty-eight): four were done for @entity281 ; one, for insufficiency of the triceps; and one, for a @entity174 . Of the fifty-eight elbows, forty (69 per cent) had an excellent result; thirteen (22 per cent), a good result; four (7 per cent), a fair result; and one, a poor result.

title: Semiconstrained arthroplasty for the treatment of XXXX of the elbow.

entities_list: @entity3165 :: ('MESH:D020424', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar neuritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractured ulnar component', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Case 1. A 67-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital because of @entity221 , @entity294 and @entity490 . Hemoglobin was 10.7 g/dl, white cell count 6,900/microliters and platelet count 36.7 x 10(4)/microliters. Bone marrow biopsy showed non-lobulated megakaryocytes. The karyotype was 47, XY, +8, -16, 5q-, + mar. We have followed up this case without any special treatment except for red blood cell transfusions. The platelet count has increased to 70.9 x 10(4)/microliters. Case 2. An 84-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital because of @entity392 and @entity10 . Hemoglobin was 7.9 g/dl, white cell count 1,200/microliters and platelet count 22.5 x 10(4)/microliters. Bone marrow biopsy showed @entity236 and non-lobulated megakaryocytes. The karyotype was 46, XY, 5q-. We have followed up this case only with red blood cell transfusions. The platelet count has increased to 68.9 x 10(4)/microliters. The hematological findings and clinical courses of the two cases were similar to those in the @entity7760 first described by Van den Berghe et al. in 1974. And these cases are important in relation to @entity6823 oncogene and @entity1583 .

title: [The XXXX --report of two cases].

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['hypocellular marrow']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity7760 :: (MESH:C535323,Disease) :: ['5q-syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Great advances are expected during the analysis of drilled material acquired from 2  m depth by ExoMars @entity26096 , supported by the comparison to local context, and the joint use of different instruments. Textural information might be less detailed relatively to what is usually obtained at outcrops during classical geological field work on the Earth, partly because of the lack of optical imaging of the borehole wall and also because the collected samples are crushed. However sub-mm scale layering and some other sedimentary features might be identified in the borehole wall observations, or in the collected sample prior to crushing, and also at nearby outcrops. The candidate landing sites provide different targets and focus for research: Oxia Planum requires analysis of phyllosilicates and @entity2145 content, at Mawrth Vallis the layering of various phyllosilicates and the role of shallow-subsurface leaching should be emphasized. At Aram Dorsum the particle size and fluvial sedimentary features will be interesting. Hydrated perchlorates and @entity7910 are ideal targets possibly at every landing sites because of @entity2145 retention, especially if they are mixed with smectites, thus could point to even ancient wet periods. Extensive use of information from the infrared wall scanning will be complemented for geological context by orbital and @entity26096 imaging of nearby outcrops. Information from the context is especially useful to infer the possible action of past @entity4358 . Separation of the ice and liquid water effects will be supported by cation abundance and sedimentary context. Shape of grains also helps here, and composition of transported grains points to the weathering potential of the environment in general. The work on Mars during the drilling and sample analysis will provide brand new experience and knowledge for future missions.

title: Indicators and Methods to Understand Past Environments from ExoMars XXXX Drills.

entities_list: @entity7910 :: ('CHEBI:35175', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphates']

answer: @entity26096 :: (181464,Species) :: ['Rover']


abstract: Raised plasma levels of @entity2690 , @entity413 and glucagon are found in @entity1 affected by 'hyperinsulinism'. @entity28 , @entity101 , mammary plus ovary cysts and @entity627 are frequently observed in these @entity1 . @entity25 and @entity308 are also present in most subjects affected by this polysymptomatic disorder. The simultaneous increases of @entity413 , @entity2690 and glucagon plasma levels seen in these @entity1 indicate that the normal crosstalk between A cells, B cells and D cells is disrupted. With respect to this, it is well known that @entity413 excites B cells (which secrete @entity2690 ) and inhibits A cells (which secrete glucagon), which in turn excites D cells (which secrete @entity1943 ). Gastrointestinal hormones (incretins) modulate this crosstalk both directly and indirectly throughout pancreatic and hepatobiliary mechanisms. The above factors depend on autonomic nervous system mediation. For instance, @entity934 released from parasympathetic nerves excites both B and A cells. @entity1063 released from sympathetic nerves and adrenaline secreted from the adrenal glands inhibit B cells and excite A cells, which are crowded with beta(2)- and alpha(2)-receptors, respectively. @entity1063 released from sympathetic nerves also excites A cells by acting at alpha(1)-receptors located at this level. According to this, the excessive release of @entity1063 from these nerves should provoke an enhancement of glucagon secretion which will result in overexcitation of @entity2690 secretion from B cells. That is the disorder seen in the so-called 'hyperinsulinism', in which raised plasma levels of @entity413 , @entity2690 and glucagon coexist. Taking into account that neural sympathetic activity is positively correlated to the A5 noradrenergic nucleus and median raphe serotonergic neurons, and negatively correlated to the A6 noradrenergic, the dorsal raphe serotonergic and the C1 adrenergic neurons, we postulate that this unbalanced central nervous system circuitry is responsible for the @entity3190 .

title: Central nervous system circuitry involved in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Sleep disorders']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinism syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Noradrenaline', 'noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity3190 :: (MESH:D006946,Disease) :: ['hyperinsulinism syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increased risk of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity459 ( @entity459 ) is referred to @entity65 induced by @entity2741 . At the moment the role of bioelectrical risk and of enhanced sympathetic activity, not related to @entity65 , is unknown in @entity459 @entity1 . METHODS: The study was designed to evaluate the @entity1162 and sympathovagal balance in 28 @entity459 uncomplicated @entity1 compared to 29 healthy subjects (HS). Nine of 28 @entity1 were restudied after parathyroidectomy. Standard ECG, short and 24-h ECG monitoring were performed to calculate @entity1162 and Heart Rate Variability (HRV). RESULTS: QTc interval resulted shorter in @entity459 @entity1 than in HS and @entity1480 resulted higher in @entity459 @entity1 than HS. The physiological adaptation of QT length to R-R interval was lacking in @entity459 @entity1 . Enhanced sympathetic tone was found in PTHP @entity1 than controls. These data were confirmed after parathyroidectomy. CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed an increased risk to develop life-threatening @entity943 in @entity459 @entity1 due to bioelectrical instability induced by @entity2741 . Parathyroidectomy doesn't seem to reverse this abnormality.

title: Increased risk of XXXX in @entity459 : what is a role of electrical instability?

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism', 'PHPT']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QT parameters']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity1480 :: ('MESH:C563184', 'Disease') :: ['QTc dispersion']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['cardiac death']


abstract: Gravity models have a long history of use in describing and forecasting the movements of @entity1 as well as goods and services, making them a natural basis for disease transmission rates over distance. In agent-based micro-simulations, gravity models can be directly used to represent movement of individuals and hence disease. In this paper, we consider a range of gravity models as fits to movement data from the UK and the US. We examine the ability of synthetic networks generated from fitted models to match those from the data in terms of @entity3082 ; in particular, times to first @entity281 . For both datasets, best fits are obtained with a two-piece 'matched' power law distance distribution. Epidemics on synthetic UK networks match well those on data networks across all but the smallest nodes for a range of aggregation levels. We derive an expression for time to @entity281 between nodes in terms of epidemiological and network parameters which illuminates the influence of network clustering in spread across networks and suggests an approximate relationship between the log-likelihood deviance of model fit and the match times to @entity281 between synthetic and data networks. On synthetic US networks, the match in @entity3082 is initially poor and sensitive to the initially infected node. Analysis of times to @entity281 indicates a failure of models to capture infrequent long-range contact between large nodes. An assortative model based on node population size captures this heterogeneity, considerably improving the epidemiological match between synthetic and data networks.

title: Evaluating the adequacy of gravity models as a description of @entity1 mobility for XXXX modelling.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3082 :: ('MESH:D004671', 'Disease') :: ['epidemic behaviour']

answer: @entity3082 :: (MESH:D004671,Disease) :: ['epidemic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1109 associated @entity5109 can result in joint instability, ulceration, and even amputation. The purpose of the present study was to follow @entity1 with and without active Charcot @entity6287 for as long as two years to examine the magnitude and timing of foot alignment changes. METHODS: We studied fifteen subjects with Charcot @entity6287 and nineteen subjects with @entity6 and @entity1897 without Charcot @entity6287 for one year; eight of the subjects with @entity6287 and five of the subjects with @entity1897 were followed for two years. Bilateral weight-bearing radiographs of the foot were made at baseline for all subjects, with repeat radiographs being made at six months for the @entity6287 group and at one and two years for both groups. Radiographic measurements included the Meary angle, cuboid height, @entity9066 , and hindfoot-forefoot angle. RESULTS: The Meary angle, cuboid height, and @entity9066 worsened in feet with Charcot @entity6287 over one year as compared with the contralateral, uninvolved feet and feet in @entity1 with @entity1897 . Cuboid height continued to worsen over the two-year follow-up in the feet with Charcot @entity6287 . These feet also had a greater change in the hindfoot-forefoot angle at one year as compared with the feet in @entity1 with @entity1897 and at two years as compared with the contralateral, uninvolved feet. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity1109 , radiographic alignment measurements demonstrate the presence of @entity5109 at the time of the initial clinical presentation and evidence of progressive changes over the first and second years. The six-month data suggest worsening of medial column alignment prior to lateral column worsening. This radiographic evidence of worsening foot alignment over time supports the need for aggressive intervention (conservative bracing or surgical fixation) to attempt to prevent limb-threatening complications.

title: Progression of XXXX in @entity1109 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['foot deformity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity6287 :: ('MESH:C537144', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Charcot neuropathic osteoarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity9066 :: ('MESH:D036982', 'Disease') :: ['calcaneal pitch']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes and peripheral neuropathy', 'peripheral neuropathy']

answer: @entity5109 :: (MESH:D005530,Disease) :: ['foot deformity']


abstract: PURPOSE: We retrospectively analyzed the impact of intraoperative sonography (IOUS) on the management of @entity1 referred for resection of @entity96 . METHODS: Forty @entity1 underwent IOUS with a 7-MHz curved-array sector transducer; in selected cases, a 5-MHz linear-array transducer attached to a color Doppler unit was also used. The number, size, and location of @entity5 on IOUS, including @entity5 proximity to or invasion of major vessels or invasion of the diaphragm, were compared to findings on preoperative imaging studies. The effect of these findings on surgical management was assessed. Unresectable lesions were treated by cryoablation under ultrasound guidance. RESULTS: IOUS detected preoperatively unsuspected lesions in 7 @entity1 (18%). Metastases suspected on CT arterial portography were ruled out in 2 @entity1 (5%), and indeterminate lesions were diagnosed as cysts by IOUS in 2 other @entity1 (5%). Vascular proximity or vascular or diaphragmatic invasion detected by IOUS rendered lesions unresectable in 4 @entity1 (10%). Cryoablation under IOUS guidance and monitoring was attempted in 11 @entity1 (28%) and performed successfully in 10. CONCLUSIONS: IOUS changed the management in 38% of @entity1 and guided cryoablation in 28% of @entity1 . IOUS performed by an experienced sonologist is invaluable for the accurate assessment of @entity96 resectability; the detection of additional, preoperatively unknown lesions; and the guidance of cryoablation of unresectable @entity5 .

title: Impact of intraoperative sonography on resection and cryoablation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors', 'liver tumor']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Continuous exposure of sensitized @entity19 to an innocuous antigen, such as OVA, does not lead to chronic airway @entity1712 , but induces antigen unresponsiveness and resolution of the inflammatory response. In this study we explored mechanisms underlying attenuation of the airway inflammatory response, assessed whether the phenomenon is strain-specific, and determined its consequences to airway physiology. METHODS: @entity19 were sensitized and exposed to OVA for two and four weeks. Analysis involved BAL, flow cytometry, adoptive transfer of OVA specific CD4 T cells, ex vivo cytokine expression and response to @entity2710 challenge. RESULTS: Chronic exposure to antigen resulted in decreased @entity1712 in 5 different @entity19 strains. Likewise, numbers of lung CD4 T cells expressing activation and @entity61 markers sharply declined following continuous OVA exposure. Transfer studies using OVA TcR transgenic cells revealed that the contraction of lung T cells included antigen-specific cells. Systemically, we observed a loss of @entity61 memory effector function. Finally, we observed significantly attenuated airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) in chronically exposed animals. CONCLUSIONS: Attenuation of airway @entity1712 in response to chronic OVA exposure is independent of genetic background. Airway @entity1712 , but not systemic responses, correlates with and is predictive for airway hyperresponsiveness. Our study contributes to the understanding of immune regulatory processes controlling antigen-driven airway inflammatory responses.

title: Prolonged ovalbumin exposure attenuates airway hyperresponsiveness and T cell function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity3728 is frequently unrecognized as a cause of @entity204 among @entity1 with isolated penetrating @entity651 . Between 1975 and 1983 at Parkland Memorial Hospital, the @entity455 developed in 9 @entity1 with penetrating @entity651 (six gunshots and three stabbings). Eight @entity1 were either in profound @entity1457 or experienced @entity1167 and all were intubated and on positive-pressure ventilation, frequently on a manual resuscitator bag before or at the time of diagnosis. The diagnosis was made by direct visualization of air in the coronary vessels in all 9 @entity1 , and in 3 air was also aspirated from the left ventricular apex and aortic root. In addition, 5 @entity1 had clinically significant hemoptysis. At operation, only an isolated @entity651 was found in 7 of the 9 @entity1 . @entity3728 is a highly lethal complication; 6 of our @entity1 died, a mortality rate of 66%. Thus, it clearly behooves us to be more alert to the possible occurrence of this complication among all victims of penetrating @entity764 . We must accept that systemic @entity3728 is an established complication of penetrating @entity651 and must recognize that it occurs much more frequently than has been previously reported. Prompt diagnosis coupled with @entity146 efforts at cardiopulmonary resuscitation is crucial for successful management of @entity1 with air @entity887 .

title: XXXX in penetrating @entity651 .

entities_list: @entity3728 :: ('MESH:D004618', 'Disease') :: ['arterial air embolism', 'Arterial air embolism', 'Systemic arterial air embolism']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['complication of systemic arterial air embolism']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the lung', 'lung injury']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest trauma']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity3728 :: (MESH:D004618,Disease) :: ['Systemic arterial air embolism']


abstract: Differentiation is a complex set of events that can be blocked by rearrangements of regulatory genes producing fusion proteins with altered properties. In the case of @entity243 ( @entity243 ) @entity5 , the causative abnormality is a fusion between the @entity3726 transcription factor and the @entity19957 or EWS genes. @entity3726 belongs to and is a negative regulator of the large CAAT/enhancer binding protein family whose alpha, beta, and delta members are master genes of adipogenesis. Recent clinical data indicate a peculiar sensitivity of these @entity5 to the natural marine compound @entity4350 . One hypothesis is that the activity of @entity4350 is related to the inactivation of the @entity19957 - @entity3726 oncogene. We find that @entity4350 causes detachment of the @entity19957 - @entity3726 chimera from targeted promoters. Reverse transcription-PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis in a @entity243 line and surgical specimens of @entity243 @entity1 in vivo show activation of the CAAT/enhancer binding protein-mediated transcriptional program that leads to morphologic changes of terminal adipogenesis. The activity is observed in cells with type 1 but not type 8 fusions. Hence, the drug induces maturation of @entity243 lipoblasts in vivo by targeting the @entity19957 - @entity3726 -mediated transcriptional block. These data provide a rationale for the specific activity of @entity4350 and open the perspective of combinatorial treatments with drugs acting on lipogenic pathways.

title: @entity4350 ( XXXX ) promotes differentiation in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4350 :: ('MESH:C099150', 'Chemical') :: ['trabectedin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity243 :: ('MESH:D018208', 'Disease') :: ['myxoid liposarcoma', 'MLS']

answer: @entity4350 :: (MESH:C099150,Chemical) :: ['ET-743']


abstract: Intracellular @entity4663 are endogenous blockers of inwardly rectifying @entity972 ( @entity9371 ) channels and underlie steeply voltage-dependent rectification. @entity9371 channels with strong @entity4664 sensitivity typically carry a negatively charged side chain at a conserved inner cavity position, although acidic residues at any pore-lining position in the inner cavity are sufficient to confer @entity4664 block. We have identified unique consequences of a @entity2227 substitution in the region of the helix bundle crossing of @entity14225 . Firstly, @entity2227 substitution at @entity14225 residue F168 generates channels with intrinsic inward rectification that does not require blockade by intracellular @entity4663 or @entity1025 . In addition, these F168E channels exhibit a unique "spiked" tail phenotype, whereby large decaying inward tail currents are elicited upon @entity8037 unbinding. This contrasts with the time-dependent recovery of current typically associated with blocker unbinding from ion channels. Interestingly, @entity14225 [F168E] channels exhibit a paradoxical biphasic conductance-voltage relationship in the presence of certain @entity4663 . This reflects channel blockade at positive voltages, channel stimulation at intermediate voltages, and exclusion of @entity8037 from the pore at negative voltages. These features are recapitulated by a simple kinetic scheme in which weakly voltage-dependent @entity8037 binding to a "shallow" site in the pore (presumably formed by the introduced @entity2227 at F168E) stabilizes opening of the bundle crossing gate. These findings illustrate the potential for dichotomous effects of a blocker in a long pore (with multiple binding sites), and offer a unique example of targeted modulation of the @entity9371 channel gating apparatus.

title: Paradoxical activation of an inwardly rectifying XXXX channel mutant by @entity8037 : "(b)locking" open the bundle crossing gate.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['spermine']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamines']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: @entity470 mutation testing has become an essential determination to decide treatment options for NSCLC. The mutation analysis is often conducted in samples with low percentage of @entity5 cells from primary @entity5 biopsies. There is very little evidence that samples from metastatic tissues are suitable for @entity470 testing. We had evaluated the frequency of @entity470 mutations with three highly sensitive PCR techniques in @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded samples of 143 NSCLC @entity1 with central nervous system (CNS) @entity3 . 32 corresponding primary @entity5 were also examined. We used PCR followed by DNA fragments length analysis (FLA), ASP-PCR and PNA-LNA PCR clamp techniques. We found 9 (6.29 %) @entity470 gene mutations in CNS samples: 3 (2.1 %) in exon 19 and 6 (4.2 %) in exon 21. The full concordance between CNS @entity3 and primary @entity5 samples was observed. PCR followed by DNA-FLA and PNA-LNA PCR clamp were sensitive enough to detect exon 19 deletions. Two mutations in exon 21 were detected by ASP-PCR only, one @entity9512 substitution was detected only by PNA-LNA PCR clamp. With respect to sensitivity, PCR followed by DNA-FLA achieved a level of detection of at least 10 % of mutated DNA for exon 19 deletion, as for ASP-PCR it was at least 5 % of mutated DNA for @entity9512 substitution. Higher sensitivity of 1 % of mutated DNA was achieved by PNA-LNA PCR clamp technique for both mutations. The use of different methodological techniques authenticates the negative result of molecular tests.

title: @entity470 activating mutations detected by different PCR techniques in Caucasian NSCLC XXXX with CNS @entity3 : short report.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5383 ceramic-on-ceramic bearings have gained popularity in hip arthroplasty because of their properties of low wear and chemical inertness. In a previous study, we reported the excellent clinical results in a series of cementless ceramic-on-ceramic primary total hip arthroplasties at a minimum of five years of follow-up. The purpose of the present study was to determine the results in the same @entity1 cohort at a minimum of ten years of follow-up. METHODS: A series of 301 consecutive primary cementless total hip arthroplasties was assessed clinically and radiographically. Clinical information was available for 244 hips in 227 surviving @entity1 at a minimum of ten years of follow-up, and radiographic information was available for 184 hips in 172 @entity1 . RESULTS: Twenty-six (9.2%) of the @entity1 had died of an unrelated cause and eight (2.7%) had undergone revision arthroplasty by the time of the latest follow-up. The average Harris hip score was 94 points, with 95% (232) of the @entity1 having an excellent or good result and <4% (nine) having moderate @entity158 . All radiographic assessments showed evidence of stable osseous ingrowth. Nine revisions had been performed, including four femoral component revisions due to @entity3564 , one femoral revision due to @entity1349 , one femoral revision secondary to a femoral @entity129 , two acetabular cup revisions due to @entity924 , and a repeat revision in one of the @entity1 with @entity924 due to acetabular osteolysis. The overall survival rate of the implants was 98% (95% confidence interval, 94.2% to 99.6%) at ten years with revision for any reason as the end point. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1 in our series had a good implant survival rate, good function, a low implant wear rate as reported in the previous study, and no further radiographic evidence of failure at ten years after cementless primary total hip arthroplasty with @entity5383 ceramic-on-ceramic bearings.

title: Mid-term results of third-generation @entity5383 -on- XXXX ceramic bearings in cementless total hip arthroplasty: a ten-year minimum follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['shortening osteotomy for nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity3564 :: ('MESH:D057068', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic fracture']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['psoas tendinitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['residual pain']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

entities_list: @entity5383 :: ('MESH:D000537', 'Chemical') :: ['alumina', 'Alumina']

answer: @entity5383 :: (MESH:D000537,Chemical) :: ['alumina']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity73 is one of the most frequent and disabling nonmotor features of @entity191 . Around 30% of @entity1 with @entity191 experience mild @entity73 , a well-established risk factor for the development of @entity303 . However, mild @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity191 is a heterogeneous entity that involves different types and extents of @entity73 . Because it is not currently known which type of mild @entity73 confers a higher risk of progression to @entity303 , it would be useful to define biomarkers that could identify these @entity1 to better study disease progression and possible interventions. In this sense, the identification among @entity1 with @entity191 and mild @entity73 of biomarkers associated with @entity303 would allow the early detection of this process. This review summarizes studies from the past 25 years that have assessed the potential biomarkers of @entity303 and mild @entity73 in @entity191 @entity1 . Despite the potential importance, no biomarker has as yet been validated. However, features such as low levels of @entity10423 factors or @entity414 in plasma/serum and of A   in CSF, reduction of cerebral cholinergic innervation and metabolism measured by PET mainly in posterior areas, and @entity194 in MRI might be indicative of distinct deficits with a distinct risk of @entity303 in subgroups of @entity1 . Longitudinal studies combining the existing techniques and new approaches are needed to identify @entity1 at higher risk of @entity303 .    2016 International Parkinson and @entity717 Society.

title: Biomarkers for @entity303 and mild XXXX in @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive deficits', 'Cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity10423 :: ('MESH:C565529', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal and insulin-like growth']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Movement Disorder']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: @entity99 and B are common @entity281 worldwide and their severity is related to the individual's age upon @entity281 . Furthermore, when @entity1956 occurs in @entity1 , the risk of becoming a chronic carrier is 90%. For @entity99 , the lower incidence of disease arising from an improvement in living conditions leaves a greater number of @entity1 , adolescents and young adults susceptible to residual circulating @entity778 . Consequently, @entity281 occurs later in life when clinical illness is more frequent and the rate of morbidity and mortality higher. Although both viruses differ greatly, including their modes of transmission, the overlap in their epidemiology warrants the combination of @entity99 and B vaccination. The immune response elicited by the combined @entity99 and B vaccine following a three-dose schedule compares well with the @entity1956 ( @entity1956 ) and @entity1956 sero-responses obtained with monovalent vaccines. In addition, it was shown that the seroprotection rate for @entity1956 increased more rapidly with the administration of the combined vaccine, with values of more than 80% within 1 month after the first two doses (schedule, 0, 1 and 6 months). Currently, according to the World Health Organization recommendations, more than 116 countries are vaccinating their @entity1 and/or adolescents against @entity1956 . Recently, several countries were considering or have decided to begin mass vaccination against @entity1956 (more than fifteen states in the US, Spain (Catalonia), Italy (Puglia)). For these countries, the combination of @entity99 and B antigens in one single vaccine offers the following advantages: fewer injections for protection against two @entity281 , better compliance, lower implementation costs, and fewer missed vaccination opportunities. Further simplification of the schedule, by reducing the number of doses, would improve the compliance rate as well as being more convenient for the vaccinee. This should translate into a reduction in costs associated with vaccine administration. In some recent vaccine studies, the immunogenicity and safety profile of a two-dose schedule (0 and 6 months) of the adult formulation of the combined @entity99 and B vaccine was investigated in @entity1 aged 1-11 years, as well as in adolescents aged 12-15 years. Current results indicate that this two-dose schedule of the adult formulation could be considered a viable alternative for immunization of @entity1 and adolescents.

title: Combining @entity99 and B vaccination in XXXX and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['anti-hepatitis B', 'hepatitis B infection', 'hepatitis B', 'HAV', 'anti-hepatitis A virus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'initial infection']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis A', 'Hepatitis A']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: A Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposition Impactor (MOUDI) and a Nano-MOUDI were employed to determine the size-segregated mass distributions of ambient particulate matter (PM) and water-soluble ionic species for particulate constituents. In addition, gas precursors, including @entity5828 , @entity12005 , @entity20298 , @entity9734 , and @entity3655 gases, were analyzed by an annular denuder system. PM size mass distribution, mass concentration, and ionic species concentration were measured during the day and at night during episode and @entity2749 in winter and summer. Average total suspended particle (TSP) concentrations during episode days in winter were as high as 153        33  g/m(3), and PM mass concentrations in summer were as low as one-third of that in winter. Generally, PM concentration at night was higher than that in the daytime in southern Taiwan during the sampling periods. In winter during the episode periods, the size-segregated mass distribution of PM mass concentration was mostly in the 0.32-3.2- m range, and the PM concentration increased significantly in the range of 0.32-3.2  m at night. @entity3104 , @entity1507 , and @entity597 were the dominant water-soluble ionic species in PM, contributing 34-48% of TSP mass. High concentrations of @entity3265 (12.9-49  g/m(3)) and @entity9734 (2.6-27  g/m(3)) were observed in the gas precursors. The conversion ratio was high in the PM size range of 0.18-3.2  m both during the day and at night in winter, and the conversion ratio of episode days was 20% higher than that of non-episode days. The conversion factor was high for both @entity1568 and @entity599 species at nighttime, especially on episode days.

title: Size mass distribution of water-soluble ionic species and gas conversion to @entity597 and XXXX in particulate matter in southern Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['non-episode periods']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['Ammonium']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity1507 :: (CHEBI:48107,Chemical) :: ['nitrate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the @entity1209 and @entity221 in @entity1 that had tonsillectomy in our centre over a five year period. METHODS: The hospital records (case files) of @entity1 that had tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy under general anaesthesia at the University of Nigeria Teaching @entity580 , Enugu, Nigeria from January 2004 to December 2008 were retrieved and analyzed. @entity1 that had an adenoidectomy only were excluded. The @entity1 were of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I to III status. RESULTS: There were fifty two (52) @entity1 that had tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy under general anaesthesia during the period under review. Forty one (41) @entity1 were between the ages of 1-13 years (78%) and eleven (11) @entity1 between the ages of 18-62 years (12%). There were 32 males and 20 females. The average age for all the @entity1 was 9.03 years. There were seven (7) @entity1 with @entity391 (13.4%). These included four (4) @entity1 in the paediatric population (9.75%) and three (3) in the adult population (27.2%). Twenty one (21) @entity1 (40.3%) developed @entity86 . There were no deaths The other significant morbidity was @entity282 . CONCLUSION: The number of @entity1 that had tonsillectomy in our center was small compared to other studies. The @entity1209 in this study is lower than that reported from Western World, showing possible racial variations, a trend that has been reported in some earlier studies in Black populations.

title: XXXX and @entity221 following tonsillectomy in Enugu, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['post operative vomiting']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative fever']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['Hospital, Ituku Ozalla']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['incidence of postoperative vomiting']

answer: @entity1209 :: (MESH:D020250,Disease) :: ['Postoperative vomiting']


abstract: Inflammation is pivotal in atherogenesis. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), the prototypic marker of @entity32 , has been shown to predict @entity65 . @entity35277 (HCl) (WelChol, Sankyo Pharma Incorporated, Parsippany, New Jersey), a specifically engineered @entity6741 sequestrant, has been shown to be effective in lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 levels in monotherapy and in combination with @entity6817 or @entity3724 . Previously, we have shown that statins lower hs-CRP levels; however, a paucity of data is available examining the effect of colesevelam HCl on hs-CRP levels. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of colesevelam HCl therapy (3.75 g/day for 6 weeks) on hs-CRP in @entity1 with mild @entity1007 in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Twenty-five subjects on colesevelam HCl and 23 subjects on placebo completed the study. The median baseline hs-CRP levels for the treatment and placebo groups are 3.4 and 3.1 mg/L, respectively. @entity35277 HCl therapy resulted in a significant reduction in LDL @entity165 levels (p < 0.001). No significant changes were found in total @entity412 or high-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels between the 2 groups. Furthermore, colesevelam HCl therapy resulted in a significant reduction in hs-CRP levels compared with baseline and placebo (15.9% and 18.7% median reduction, respectively, p < 0.025). No correlation was found between LDL @entity165 lowering and hs-CRP lowering (r = 0.3). In conclusion, our results show that colesevelam HCl monotherapy significantly lowered hs-CRP levels in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

title: Effects of @entity35277 ( @entity35277 ) on biomarkers of @entity32 in @entity1 with mild XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35277 :: ('MESH:C107058', 'Chemical') :: ['Colesevelam', 'Colesevelam hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3724 :: ('MESH:D011345', 'Chemical') :: ['fenofibrate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Intracranial @entity601 are very infrequent @entity66 . Within the nervous system, they are most commonly located in the rachis. Another frequent site is the craniocervical junction. Few cases of supratentorial location have been reported. A differential diagnosis is required to distinguish them from other cysts. They are not often diagnosed in the paediatric age. The clinical features they give rise to are due to the mass effect or episodes of @entity693 . Magnetic resonance imaging is the best diagnostic method although on many occasions they cannot be distinguished from @entity145 . Treatment consists in surgery with complete resection of the membranes in order to prevent recurrences. CASE REPORTS: We report two cases of @entity1 who, in the last weeks of gestation, presented supratentorial intracerebral cystic lesions that resembled @entity145 . A neonatal magnetic resonance scan confirmed the existence of such supratentorial cysts with septae inside them. After presenting an increase in the cranial perimeter, surgical treatment was undertaken with a neuronavigation-guided craniotomy and debridement of the cysts. The cysts contain mucus and have thick membranes. Pathological study results are consistent with a @entity601 . One of the @entity1 presented complete resolution after the intervention with good cerebral expansion. In the second case, there was persistence of an adjoining @entity145 , in which placement of a cyst-peritoneal shunt was necessary with full resolution. CONCLUSIONS: Most intracranial cysts are @entity145 , but there are other cystic lesions that must be treated by surgical means so that they can be completely excised and sent for pathological analyses.

title: [Intracerebral @entity601 in newborn XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['congenital lesions']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['chemical meningitis']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cysts', 'arachnoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['neurenteric cysts', 'neurenteric cyst']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: @entity362 are among the most common @entity5 of the @entity1 body. However, they are uncommon in the oral cavity. In the oral cavity they present as a slow growing, painless, and asymptomatic yellowish submucosal mass. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice with recurrence not expected. They have been known to grow to large sizes causing mastication and @entity8408 . The usual lesions consist of a well circumscribed, lobulated mass of mature fat cells. In other situations the covering mucosa becomes ulcerated and presents difficulties in diagnosis. The present report is of a @entity1 who presented with a gigantic @entity362 on the tip of the tongue which had been present for 3 years. She now had difficulty with speech and mastication as the tongue @entity5 now completely filled the oral cavity. An incision biopsy confirmed the @entity5 as @entity362 . The @entity5 was surgically excised with restoration of normal tongue function, speech and masticatory capacity. Histopathologic examination of the excised @entity5 confirmed that it was a @entity362 .

title: XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['lipoma', 'Lipomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8408 :: ('MESH:D013064', 'Disease') :: ['speech difficulties']

answer: @entity362 :: (MESH:D008067,Disease) :: ['Gigantic tongue lipoma']


abstract: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and characteristics of @entity3068 ( @entity3068 ) lesions in Ugandan @entity291 slaughtered at two of the main abattoirs in Kampala. Ileocaecal junction and the associated lymph nodes of 1,022 @entity291 were examined for gross and microscopic lesions, followed by Ziehl Neelsen staining of the tissues bearing lesions. Confirmation of @entity3069 . @entity281 was done in some of the tissues using culture and IS900 PCR. The lesions were then described, characterised and tabulated. Characteristic @entity3068 were found in 4.7% of the samples examined, derived from @entity7040 , Ankole longhorn, Friesian breeds of @entity291 and their crosses. Lesions were found both in the lymph nodes and ileocaecal junction mucosa. The lesions tended to be more severe in the lymph node than in the mucosa. There were also some unique and @entity75 found in association with @entity3068 . The diagnostic values of various gross lesions and criteria of lesion classifications and diagnosis are revisited and discussed based on the findings of this study. The prevalence of @entity66 among slaughtered @entity291 in Kampala's two abattoirs indicates that the disease is well established in the @entity291 population in the country. The diverse manifestations in lesions of @entity3068 need to be considered when making histological diagnosis in tissues where the disease is suspected.

title: Prevalence and spectrum of XXXX in @entity291 slaughtered at two abattoirs in Kampala, Uganda.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ["Johne's disease lesions"]

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['atypical lesions']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['paratuberculosis infection']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium subsp']

entities_list: @entity3068 :: ('MESH:D010283', 'Disease') :: ['JD', "Johne's disease granulomas", "Johne's disease"]

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Johne's disease lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity2449 is widely used in the management of type 2 @entity6 , its mechanism(s) of action is not fully known, and there have been remarkably few reports on short-term effects of the drug. Here, we examined early effects on @entity413 and lipid metabolism, and on certain adipose tissue and inflammatory markers during treatment for 28 days. METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 were randomized to @entity2449 (n = 16) or placebo (n = 5) and studied at baseline, 1, 2 and 4 weeks with blood sampling and oral @entity413 tolerance tests (OGTT). The active group received 500 mg @entity2449 daily in week 1, 500 mg twice daily in week 2 and 1000 mg twice daily in week 3 and 4. RESULTS: After 7 days of treatment, a reduced area under curve (AUC) for @entity413 at OGTT with no change in AUC for insulin levels was observed compared with baseline. Insulin sensitivity, as derived from the OGTT by Gutt's index, was increased. Reductions in fasting plasma @entity413 , total and LDL- @entity165 appeared after 14 days, and reductions in @entity1674 , @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) and @entity1243 after 28 days of treatment. There were no changes in body weight, @entity1254 or @entity1851 . Compared with placebo, the changes between day 0 and day 28 differed significantly with regard to AUC for @entity413 at OGTT and Gutt's index, and showed strong trends for @entity2289 and @entity1243 . CONCLUSIONS: The data demonstrate that in type 2 @entity6 @entity2449 rapidly affects @entity413 handling without changing the concentrations of insulin. Reductions in @entity2289 and @entity1243 levels indicate that the early effects of @entity2449 involve also the adipose tissue.

title: Short-term effects of XXXX in type 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['metformin']


abstract: A 40-year-old @entity1 who presented with left @entity1269 was admitted to our hospital. He had @entity591 and a fever. He had a 25-year history of insulin therapy for @entity6 . Brain magnetic resonance (MR) images showed fresh @entity1188 in the right hemisphere, and carotid ultrasonography showed stenosis of the right internal carotid artery (ICA). We determined that atherothrombotic @entity4798 had likely occurred. After admission, the right ICA became narrow and finally occluded. Computed tomography revealed the presence of a @entity715 in the right ICA, and @entity2287 -enhanced MRA showed @entity1333 of the ICA. In laboratory tests, his thyroid hormones were elevated. He was diagnosed with @entity1378 . After treatment, the @entity591 and high fever were improved. Because of a positive anti- @entity367 decarboxylase antibody test result, he was diagnosed with @entity1723 . We found that he had anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome because he was positive for anti-beta-glycoprotein I antibody. These findings suggested that his condition was @entity12010 type 3. He received @entity617 and @entity1229 . After 3 months, his neurological findings were improved; however, occlusion of the ICA remained. @entity792 was considered to be the cause of @entity432 . @entity385 with @entity12010 is very rare and is associated with progressive @entity66 in juvenile @entity1 . It is necessary to diagnose and treat this condition as soon as possible.

title: [Progression of right internal carotid artery stenosis in XXXX @entity1 with @entity12010 : A case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['carotid lesions']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['ICA occlusion']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity12010 :: ('MESH:D016884', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune polyglandular syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: Aberrant expansion of the number of @entity2035 ( @entity2035 ) repeats in mutant proteins is the hallmark of various diseases. These pathologies include @entity2033 ( @entity2033 ), a @entity16 caused by expanded @entity2035 stretch within the @entity2034 ( @entity2034 ) protein. The expansions increase the propensity of the @entity2034 protein to oligomerize. In the cytoplasm of living cells, the mutant form of @entity2034 (mHtt) is present as soluble monomers and oligomers as well as insoluble aggregates termed inclusion bodies (IBs). Detecting and assessing the relative @entity137 of these various forms of mHtt has proven difficult. To enable direct visualization of mHtt soluble oligomers in living cells, we established a split superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) complementation assay. In this assay, exon 1 variants of @entity2034 ( @entity25277 ) containing non-pathological or @entity2033 -associated @entity2035 lengths were fused to two different nonfluorescent fragments of sfGFP. If the @entity2034 proteins oligomerize and the sfGFP fragments come into close proximity, they can associate and complement each other to form a complete and fluorescent sfGFP reporter. Importantly, the irreversible nature of the split-sfGFP complementation allowed us to trap otherwise transient interactions and artificially increase mHtt oligomerization. When coupled with a fluorescent apoptosis reporter, this assay can correlate soluble mHtt oligomer levels and cell death leading to a better characterization of the toxic potential of various forms of mHtt in living cells.

title: Detecting soluble XXXX oligomers and investigating their impact on living cells using split-GFP.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder']

entities_list: @entity2035 :: ('MESH:C097188', 'Chemical') :: ['polyQ', 'polyglutamine']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease", 'HD']

answer: @entity2035 :: (MESH:C097188,Chemical) :: ['polyQ']