abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 undergoing total hip or knee replacement surgery experience unmanaged @entity158 during postoperative physiotherapy sessions. It was theorized that a baseline opioid would improve @entity158 management. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effectiveness of adding long-acting oral @entity1286 to a routine postoperative regimen for total hip or knee replacement surgery. METHODS: The present study was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial for @entity1 undergoing total hip or knee replacement surgery. All @entity1 received routine postoperative analgesia; in addition, the treatment group received long-acting oral @entity1286 30 mg orally twice daily for three days, while the control group received placebo capsules. The primary end point was a decrease in @entity158 scores by two points on a 0- to 10-point @entity158 rating scale. Secondary end points included adverse effects, acute @entity911 , @entity158 -related interferences in function and sleep, length of stay and @entity1 satisfaction. RESULTS: Two hundred @entity1 were enrolled in the present study (March 2004 to March 2006). Although the groups were large enough to yield statistical significance, most @entity158 scores did not reach the predetermined improvement for clinical significance. Additionally, there was an increase in opioid usage (P<0.0001), @entity391 (P=0.0148) and oversedation (P=0.08). There were no statistically significant changes in function or sleep. Improved satisfaction with @entity158 management was minimal (P=0.052). DISCUSSION: The present study was undertaken to determine the value of adding a long-acting opioid ( @entity1286 ) to the usual care of @entity1 undergoing total hip or total knee replacement surgery. The results yielded minimally improved @entity158 scores and additional adverse effects ( @entity391 and oversedation). Published research in which long-acting opioids ( @entity1288 ) were used for similar postoperative procedures did not robustly report improved @entity158 scores. In addition, @entity1 using a long-acting opioid ( @entity1288 ) during the postoperative period reported somnolence, dizziness and @entity911 . Statistically, the @entity1 in the present study showed higher @entity911 scores and no improvement for @entity158 -related interferences with activity or walking. The treatment group did report increased satisfaction; however, the significance was weak. CONCLUSIONS: Thirty milligrams twice per day of long-acting @entity1286 from days 1 to 3 following total hip and total knee replacement surgery provided minimal improvements in @entity158 scores, and more adverse effects in the treatment group. The overall strength of evidence for improved outcomes is minimal and thus not supported.

title: Long-acting XXXX following hip or knee replacement: a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the neuropsychological outcome from blast-related versus non-blast related mild @entity131 (MTBI). @entity1 were 56 U.S. military service members who sustained an MTBI, divided into two groups based on mechanism of injury: (a) non-blast related (Non-blast; n = 21), and (b) blast plus secondary blunt @entity130 (Blast Plus; n = 35). All @entity1 had sustained their injury in theatre whilst deployed during Operation Iraqi Freedom or Operation Enduring Freedom. @entity1 had been seen for neuropsychological evaluation at Walter Reed Army Medical Center on average 4.4 months (SD = 4.1) @entity130 . Measures included 14 clinical scales from the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) and 12 common neurocognitive measures. For the PAI, there were no significant differences between groups on all scales (p > .05). However, medium effect sizes were found for the @entity308 (d = .49) and Stress (d = .47) scales (i.e., Blast Plus > Non-blast). On the neurocognitive measures, after controlling for the influence of @entity458 (i.e., @entity308 , Stress), there were no differences between the Non-blast and Blast Plus groups on all measures. These findings provide little evidence to suggest that blast exposure plus secondary blunt @entity130 results in worse cognitive or psychological recovery than blunt @entity130 alone. (JINS, 2012, 18, 595-605).

title: Neuropsychological outcome from blast versus non-blast: mild XXXX in U.S. military service members.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['post-injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: 1. Opioids have been shown to inhibit substance @entity10133 ) release from primary afferent neurones (PAN). In addition, opioid receptors have been identified on PAN of the vagus nerves. @entity9992 (SCG) decreases the excitability of C-fibres in the lung of the @entity235 in vivo. We have utilised a multi-superfusion system to investigate the effect of opioids and SCG on the release of SP from the @entity35 @entity825 in vitro. 2. Pretreatment of newborn @entity35 with @entity2951 (50 mg kg-1 s.c. at day 1 and 2 of life) resulted in a 93.2 +/- 6.3% reduction in tracheal substance P-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI) content when determined by radioimmunoassay in the adult. 3. Exposure to isotonically elevated @entity972 concentrations (37-90 mM), @entity2951 (100 nM-10 microM), and @entity1812 (BK; 10nm-1 microM) but not des-Arg9-BK (1 microM) stimulated SP-LI release by a @entity460 -dependent mechanism. 4. SCG (1 microM and 100 microM) did not affect spontaneous, @entity972 (60 mM)- or BK (1 microM)-stimulated SP-LI release. 5. @entity1286 (0.1-100 microM) caused dose-related inhibition of @entity972 (60 mM)-stimulated SP-LI release with the greatest inhibition of 60.4 +/- 13.7% at 100 microM. The effect of @entity1286 was not mimicked by the kappa-opioid receptor agonist, U50,488H (10 microM) or the delta-opioid receptor agonist, Tyr-(D-Pen)-Gly-Phe-(D-Pen) ( @entity13848 ). 6. The effect of @entity1286 was totally abolished by prior and concomitant exposure to @entity1510 (100 nM) which had no effect on control release values. 7. We conclude that opioid receptors, predominantly of the MM-opioid receptor subtype, inhibit SP-LI release from PAN in the @entity35 @entity825 and suggest that centrally inactive MM-opioid receptor agonists may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of @entity565 .

title: @entity1286 , but not XXXX , modulates the release of substance P from @entity2951 -sensitive neurones in the @entity35 @entity825 in vitro.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity9992 :: ('MESH:D004205', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium cromoglycate']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['Morphine', 'morphine']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

answer: @entity9992 :: (MESH:D004205,Chemical) :: ['sodium cromoglycate']


abstract: AIMS: To determine whether survival after discharge following pre-hospital @entity1167 has improved. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Heartstart Register was used to identify all 1659 @entity1 discharged alive from Scottish hospitals during 1991-01 following pre-hospital arrest due to cardiac aetiology. The cohort was split into tertiles using year of arrest. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine risk of @entity204 relative to 1991-93. @entity1 who survived @entity1167 in 1997-01 were less likely to die from any cause (unadjusted HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.48-0.75, P<0.001) or @entity299 (unadjusted HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.38-0.65, P<0.001). After adjustment for case-mix, there remained significant declines in all-cause (adjusted HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.50-0.78, P<0.001) and @entity204 (adjusted HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.39-0.68, P<0.001). Clinical management had improved, with increased use of thrombolysis (47-63%, chi2 trend, P<0.001), beta-blockers (28-53%, chi2 trend, P<0.001), ACE-inhibitors (48-69%, chi2 trend, P<0.001), and anti-thrombotics (79-88%, chi2 trend, P<001). Adjustment for recorded changes in management attenuated the decline in all-cause @entity204 (adjusted HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.60-0.98, P=0.03). CONCLUSION: Survival following @entity1167 has improved after adjusting for changes in case-mix. Better clinical management has contributed to this improvement.

title: Post-discharge survival following pre-hospital XXXX due to cardiac aetiology: temporal trends and impact of changes in clinical management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiopulmonary arrest']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nurses in primary care, who see a large proportion of the population, are well placed to discuss weight with @entity1 and offer management advice. Interventions to promote @entity353 have shown that there are effective ways of making small changes for @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: To use qualitative semi-structured interviews to explore how practice nurses manage @entity28 within primary care and to identify good practice and explore barriers to achieving effective management. METHODS: Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with practice nurses within two local health board areas in South Wales. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed qualitatively using a thematic approach. RESULTS: Nurses described two roles. One role was providing @entity28 management to @entity1 who had co-morbid conditions and were seen regularly in chronic disease clinics. All nurses perceived that these @entity1 needed their weight addressing routinely. The other role was to broach the subject with overweight but healthy @entity1 . Nurses were of divided opinion whether to address @entity28 with these @entity1 and what primary care had to offer. Weight management advice, when given, lacked consistency of approach. CONCLUSIONS: Broaching the subject of weight opportunistically with healthy but overweight @entity1 may require a deeper appreciation of their motivations for change and discussion beyond future health risks. These @entity1 also need clearer follow up to monitor their progress with @entity353 . All overweight @entity1 also need clearer guidance tailored to their own particular circumstances as to how to lose weight. For @entity1 being counselled about their weight, interventions that promote consistency of advice are advocated to improve care.

title: Tackling @entity28 : the challenge of XXXX management for practice nurses in primary care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Existing studies suggest that music therapy can have favorable effects on @entity101 and @entity148 . We therefore set out to investigate the effect of Turkish classical music. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether Turkish classical music has positive effects on blood pressures and @entity148 levels in elderly @entity1 . DESIGN, SETTING AND SUBJECTS: This was a randomized controlled trial performed on 60 @entity101 @entity1 living in a local elderly home in Adana, @entity233 . METHODS: Following the completion of a socio-demographic form for each @entity1 , Hamilton @entity148 scale was applied. Thereafter, the subjects were randomly divided into two equal-size groups and were allowed to either listen to Turkish classical music (music therapy group) or have a resting period (control group) for 25 min. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary and secondary outcome measures were blood pressure and Hamilton @entity148 scale scores, respectively. RESULTS: The mean reduction in systolic blood pressure was 13.00 mmHg in the music therapy group and 6.50 mmHg in the control group. The baseline adjusted between treatment group difference was not statistically significant (95% CI 6.80-9.36). The median reductions in diastolic blood pressures were 10 mmHg both in the music therapy and control groups. The between treatment group difference was not statistically significant (Mann-Whitney U test, P = 0.839). The mean reduction in HAMA-A was 1.63 in the music therapy group and 0.77 in the control group. The baseline adjusted between treatment group difference was not statistically significant (95% CI 0.82-1.92). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that both Turkish classical music and resting alone have positive effects on blood pressure in @entity1 with @entity101 .

title: Effect of Turkish classical music on blood pressure: a randomized controlled trial in XXXX elderly @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: Protein instability during microencapsulation has been one of the major hurdles of biodegradable polymer particles-based vaccine delivery systems. In the present work, effect of serum albumin, @entity969 and @entity4388 on surface morphology, entrapment efficiency, in vitro release and in vivo performance @entity116 toxoid (TT) loaded PLA particles were investigated. Use of serum albumin as well as high concentration of protein antigen ( approximately 60mg/ml) helped in protecting the immunoreactivity of the antigen during primary emulsification step of particle formulation. Incorporation of @entity969 in the internal aqueous phase led to the reduction in encapsulation efficiency of TT from 43.8+/-4.3% to 27.3+/-3.6% in PLA particles and resulted with formation of particles having irregular surface characteristics. Addition of @entity4388 along with @entity969 during primary emulsion led to slight improvement in encapsulation efficiency of TT (34.3+/-3.2%) but affected the in vivo performance in terms of serum anti-TT antibody titers from single point immunization. Restoration of osmotic balance by adding equivalent amount of @entity969 in external aqueous phase helped in preventing multiple emulsion instability and subsequently improved the encapsulation efficiency of TT to 63.1+/-4.2%. Maximum entrapment efficiency of TT up to 69.2+/-5.1% was achieved when serum albumin, @entity969 and @entity4388 were used in internal aqueous phase and @entity969 was used in the external aqueous phase. Polymer particles entrapping @entity116 toxoid along with optimal stabilizers showed burst release of immunoreactive antigen (>40% in early period) and elicited high and sustained anti-TT antibody titers from single point intramuscular immunization. Anti-TT antibody titers were further enhanced upon immunization of admixture of @entity1989 particles and alum. Choice and use of stabilizers during particle formulation thus need careful considerations not only to protect the immunoreactivity of the antigen, but also to produce stable, uniform particles for optimal in vivo performances.

title: Influences of excipients on in vitro release and in vivo performance of XXXX toxoid loaded polymer particles.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['tetanus']


abstract: Acute @entity137 and general pharmacological activities of the crude hydro-alcoholic rhizome extract of Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb., a popular medicine used in Paraguay, were investigated on @entity19 . The intraperitoneal LD50 was found to be 575 mg/kg. Oral administration of doses up to 3.0 g/kg did not provoke any toxic symptoms. Oral administration of 100 mg/kg of the extract induced a significant increase in gastrointestinal transit. In open field studies, a decrease of spontaneous locomotor activity, piloerection, passivity, @entity1736 , @entity2436 and a stereotyped behaviour was produced by the extract when administered orally (1, 10 and 100 mg/kg). A significant decrease in respiration rate was observed (1, 10 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) using a continuous flow respiration system. Lastly, doses of 1, 10 and 100 mg/kg, p.o. of the extract produced a significant increase in the hypnotic effect induced by @entity4485 in a dose-dependent manner. The latest effects could probably explain its rational use in traditional medicine to alleviate stress or as a sedative agent.

title: Acute XXXX and general pharmacological effect on central nervous system of the crude rhizome extract of Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb.

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2436 :: ('MESH:D002389', 'Disease') :: ['catatonia']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['palpebral ptosis']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the correlation between laser flare measurements and anterior chamber IgG/albumin concentrations in eyes with mild to severe @entity32 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen eyes of 17 @entity1 with endogenous @entity1596 underwent diagnostic paracentesis. IgG and albumin concentrations were determined from the samples of @entity7462 . Laser flare measurements were performed 1 h prior to paracentesis. The relationship between flare measurements and IgG/albumin concentrations was studied be plotting the data on a logarithmic scale. RESULTS: The flare measurement was 97.5+/-150.0 photons ms (mean +/- SD; range 4.3-528.7). The IgG concentration was 41.0+/-51.4 mg/dl mean +/- SD; range 0.2-200). The albumin concentration was 184.6+/-196.2 mg/dl (mean +/- SD; range 4-535). When plotted on a logarithmic scale, there was a statistically significant linear relationship between the flare measurements and the anterior chamber IgG or albumin concentrations (y = 1.14x-0.64, r= 0.87, p<0.001 for IgG; y = 1.39x-0.1, r= 0.94, p<0.001 for albumin). CONCLUSION: Laser flare photometry is an accurate technique for assessing @entity32 . Flare measurements strongly correlate with blood-aqueous barrier breakdown.

title: Correlation between anterior chamber IgG/albumin concentrations and laser flare photometry in eyes with endogenous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'anterior chamber inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1 with @entity699 ( @entity699 ) have a mortality rate four times higher than age- and sex-matched subjects, mainly due to cardiovascular events. Serum @entity2159 ( @entity2159 ) levels are increased in @entity1 with @entity65 and/or excess bone resorption. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess serum @entity2159 and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (sRANKL) levels in @entity699 and their possible relationship with coronary risk profile. DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a cross-sectional study at a tertiary referral center. @entity1 : We studied 48 adult @entity1 with @entity699 and 48 age- and sex-matched controls. Twenty-six @entity1 had @entity4923 ; five @entity1 had @entity699 caused by ectopic ACTH secretion; and 17 @entity1 had adrenal-dependent @entity699 , accounted for by @entity701 -secreting @entity652 (n = 9), ACTH-independent macronodular bilateral @entity774 (n = 4), or World Health Organization stage II @entity701 -secreting @entity189 (n = 4). @entity1 underwent assessment of the absolute coronary risk and measurement of bone mineral density by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Serum @entity2159 and total sRANKL were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Serum @entity2159 (but not sRANKL) levels were significantly higher in @entity699 @entity1 than in controls (P < 0.01). In patients, serum @entity2159 showed a positive correlation with age (r = 0.36; P = 0.01). @entity2159 levels were higher in @entity1 with the @entity209 [median, 1262 (range, 199-2306) pg/ml vs. 867 (412-2479) pg/ml; P = 0.03], and showed a positive correlation with the absolute coronary risk (r = 0.36; P = 0.01). Serum @entity2159 levels were higher in @entity1 with @entity4923 in comparison with adrenal-dependent @entity699 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity699 , serum @entity2159 levels are increased and appear to be associated with coronary risk.

title: Increased @entity2159 levels in XXXX are associated with an adverse cardiovascular risk profile.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4923 :: ('MESH:D047748', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary-dependent CS']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['CS', "Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2159 :: ('4982', 'Gene') :: ['osteoprotegerin', 'OPG']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal hyperplasia']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's syndrome']


abstract: We have characterized the localization and the ontogenetic changes in @entity46980 ( @entity38025 ) before birth and investigated the regulation of @entity38025 expression by @entity701 and undernutrition in the fetal @entity742 hypothalamus during late gestation. Using immunohistochemistry, we have identified @entity38025 -containing neurons in the infundibular nucleus and the internal layer of the median eminence in fetal hypothalami collected between 110 and 147 days gestation. @entity38025 projections were also present in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of fetal hypothalami at all ages between 110 days gestation and term. There was a significant increase in the amount of immunoreactive @entity38025 /g hypothalamus between 87 and 113 days and 131-140 days gestation and a further significant increase after 141 days gestation. The total hypothalamic content of immunoreactive @entity38025 increased significantly between 87 and 113 days and 141-145 days gestation. The levels of @entity38025 mRNA: 18S rRNA in the mediobasal region of the fetal hypothalamus were significantly higher at 145-146 days gestation than at any earlier gestational age between 116 and 141 days gestation. @entity701 (2.5-3.0 mg/24 h) was infused intrafetally between 109 and 116 days gestation. The ratio of @entity38025 mRNA: 18s rRNA in the mediobasal region of the fetal hypothalamus was significantly higher in the @entity701 -infused group when compared with the saline-infused control group at 116 days gestation. Maternal, and hence fetal undernutrition, was induced between 110 and 146 days gestation. At 145-146 days gestation the ratio of @entity38025 mRNA: 18S rRNA in the mediobasal region of the fetal hypothalamus was significantly higher in the undernutrition group when compared with control animals. We have therefore demonstrated that @entity38025 is present in the hypothalamus of the @entity742 fetus before birth and that hypothalamic @entity38025 content and @entity38025 mRNA increase before delivery. We have also found that glucocorticoids and undernutrition stimulate increases in @entity38025 mRNA levels in the hypothalamus before birth.

title: Effects of increasing gestation, XXXX and maternal undernutrition on hypothalamic neuropeptide Y expression in the @entity742 fetus.

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity46980 :: ('MESH:D009478', 'Chemical') :: ['Neuropeptide tyrosine']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: PURPOSE: An immunohistochemical study of @entity22089 , @entity35152 , and @entity25270 ( @entity25270 ) in @entity355 with @entity1141 and @entity420 , arising from experimental acid or alkaline reflux, was performed in @entity235 . METHODS: Cardiectomy was performed in group A (n = 26) as an acid reflux model, and total gastrectomy was performed in group B (n = 24) as an alkaline reflux model. After surgery, the esophageal mucosa was observed and biopsied endoscopically every 3 months over a period of 6 years. Immunohistochemical staining of @entity22089 . @entity35152 , and @entity25270 was performed, using biopsied specimens. RESULTS: In group A, @entity355 developed in 14 of the 26 @entity235 . @entity258 occurred in 5 of the 26 @entity235 , and in 1 of these 5 @entity235 , it developed into high-grade @entity1141 . In this animal, @entity420 arose 63 months after the operation. In group B, @entity355 developed in 10 of the 24 @entity235 . @entity258 was observed in 4 of the 24 @entity235 . In 1 of these 4 @entity235 , the @entity1141 became high-grade and @entity420 occurred 66 months after the operation. In group A, @entity25270 was positive in @entity420 ; the @entity25270 @entity894 ( @entity894 ) was 58. @entity35152 and @entity22089 were negative in all animals in group A. In group B, @entity25270 was positive in @entity355 with high-grade @entity1141 and @entity420 ; the @entity25270 @entity894 was 77. @entity22089 was positive in @entity420 . @entity35152 was negative in @entity420 . CONCLUSIONS; The results of this study provided evidence of the @entity189 sequence arising from alkaline reflux, as well as from acid reflux. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of an alkaline reflux model and a 6-year study using @entity235 to observe the course of @entity355 .

title: Immunohistochemical study of @entity22089 , @entity35152 , and @entity25270 in @entity355 with @entity1141 and XXXX arising from experimental acid or alkaline reflux model.

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labeling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia-carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity25270 :: ('477166(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['Low-grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: DNA analysis by flow cytometry has been reported to be a useful prognostic technique for a variety of @entity5 . The goal of this study was to examine DNA ploidy status and proliferation index as potential predictors of recurrence and survival for @entity1 with @entity957 . The DNA ploidy, percentage of cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle, stage, and histologic grade were analyzed in 42 @entity1 . Flow cytometry was performed on archival paraffin-embedded tissue. The histologic specimens were reviewed by a single pathologist. Thirty-four @entity5 (81%) were diploid and eight (19%) demonstrated an aneuploid peak. The percentage of cells in the S-phase (proliferation index) was calculated for all @entity1 . The 5-year survival rate was 68% for @entity5 and was 75% for @entity5 . The difference between these rates was not statistically significant (P < or = 0.65). S-phase fraction was also not a useful predictor for recurrence or overall survival. FIGO stage and histologic grade were accurate predictors for both recurrence and 5-year survival. Multiple predictor analysis using stage, grade, ploidy status, and proliferation index did not identify any subgroup which would predict recurrence better than FIGO stage and grade. DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction analysis do not appear to be clinically useful prognostic factors for @entity957 .

title: DNA ploidy, proliferation index, grade, and stage as prognostic factors for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'diploid tumors', 'aneuploid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell vulvar carcinomas', 'vulvar squamous cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['vulvar squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Waiting list management at @entity1118 clinics has become a serious problem throughout Canada. We analyzed the waiting list at the @entity1052 ( @entity1052 ) @entity158 Centre. METHODS: The present study is an observational, prospective study. We used a specifically designed survey questionnaire. Survey findings were analyzed with descriptive statistical methods. RESULTS: A total of 270 @entity1 were contacted; only 146 were included. Of these, 93 were @entity1 and 53 @entity1 . The average age was 55.9 years. Fifty-two percent of the @entity1 were referred by a medical specialist; 34% by family physicians; 3% for emergency; and 11% unknown. The mean for @entity158 score was 6.7/10. Seventy-three percent were taking @entity158 killers with an average improvement on their @entity158 score of 52%. Ten percent of respondents were not taking any type of analgesic medication, while 17% were taking over-the-counter drugs. Fifty-three percent of the @entity1 had been suffering from @entity1118 for 5 years or less, while 10% had been suffering and awaiting specialized @entity158 treatment for more than 20 years. CONCLUSION: Our data suggests that accessibility to specialized health care is not the sole obstacle to the timely and effective management of @entity1118 . Seventy-three percent of the @entity1 were taking some form of pharmaceutical treatment for @entity158 and reported an average improvement rate of 52% on their @entity158 score under medication. Such inconsistency may be attributable to @entity1 ' lack of compliance with their treatment. The World Health Organization Working Group recommended in chronic @entity1 a novel approach to health care, based on @entity1 therapeutic education. Our results show that @entity1 need to acquire self-management skills regarding their chronic conditions.

title: Anatomy of the XXXX Centre waiting list at the @entity1052 ( @entity1052 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1052 :: ('MESH:D005862', 'Disease') :: ["Centre hospitalier de l'Universit   de Montr  al", 'CHUM']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: The incidence of @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity3851 is unknown. The goal of this study was to make a prospective evaluation of renal histological lesions in a group of unselected @entity1 awaiting liver transplantation. METHODS: Sixty cirrhotic @entity1 underwent a renal biopsy via the transjugular route. The potential effect of @entity8 on renal function was evaluated five years after transplantation. RESULTS: The yield of biopsies enabling satisfactory analysis was 77%, and no major complications occurred. @entity644 >0.5 g/day was observed in only 8.7% of these @entity1 , microscopic haematuria in 4.3%, @entity1011 levels>133 mmol/L (1.5mg/dl) in 10.9%, and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) clearance<60 ml/min in 13.0%. Twenty-five @entity1 (55.3%) had a morphological diagnosis of @entity8 , 15 displayed @entity8 and immunofluorescence testing showed that 12 had specific @entity6 for IgG and albumin, of whom seven had associated histological lesions of @entity2316 . Five years after liver transplantation, renal function had significantly deteriorated more in @entity1 with @entity2316 than in those with normal histology or @entity8 alone. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity3851 , @entity8 and @entity2316 were frequently found despite the absence of @entity8 and/or urinalysis anomalies. Our results strongly suggest that severe @entity177 develops preferentially in liver transplant recipients with @entity6 or @entity1735 intolerance, and that pre-existing @entity455 may favour the nephrotoxicity of calcineurin inhibitors. @entity6 prior to transplantation needs to be strictly managed and requires a renal sparing immunosuppressive regimen after transplantation.

title: Prospective assessment of renal histopathological lesions in @entity1 with XXXX : effects on long-term renal function after liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['MDRD', 'organic renal lesions', 'renal lesions', 'IgA nephropathy', 'Modification of the Diet in Renal Disease', 'renal impairment', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial lesions']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'diabetic linear staining']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'diabetic lesions', 'initial diabetic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity3851 :: (MESH:D058625,Disease) :: ['end-stage liver disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nebulized @entity2399 in the treatment of acute exacerbations of @entity565 . DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed (all to October 2005) were searched using the key words @entity1760 , @entity2399 , @entity1760 compounds, nebulise, nebulize, vaporise, vaporize, nebulizers and vaporizers, aerosols, @entity565 , exacerbation, @entity5143 , and @entity5143 . STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Prospective, randomized, controlled trials that evaluated efficacy and safety endpoints of nebulized @entity2399 in the management of acute exacerbations of @entity565 were included. All studies were evaluated independently by both authors. Efficacy outcomes included pulmonary function, clinical disease severity (as defined by each study), and rate of hospitalization. Safety outcomes were as described by each trial. DATA SYNTHESIS: Six prospective trials met the study criteria. Nebulized @entity1760 alone failed to demonstrate any benefit compared with @entity2263 )-agonists alone at improving pulmonary function. In trials in which nebulized @entity1760 was used as a vehicle for @entity3045 , there appear to be additional benefits to @entity3045 therapy in terms of improvements in pulmonary function in a population with mild-to-moderate @entity565 . The heterogeneous @entity1 populations, study designs, @entity1760 doses, and the delivery methods preclude the extrapolation of these results to current clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS: The studies included in this review fail to clarify the role of nebulized @entity2399 ; therefore, this therapy cannot be recommended at this time. Future studies evaluating the role of nebulized @entity1760 as an adjunct therapy to @entity2263 )-agonist, anticholinergic, and @entity228 therapy are necessary to determine whether a clinically relevant benefit of this intervention exists.

title: Nebulized XXXX in the management of acute exacerbations of @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm', 'bronchial spasm']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity2399 :: (MESH:D008278,Chemical) :: ['magnesium sulfate']


abstract: This study was purposed to analyse the immunophenotypic characteristics of @entity6130 ( @entity6130 ), @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) and @entity9020 ( @entity3052 ) by using multiparameter flow cytometry, and to explore its significance in diagnosis and differential diagnosis. The immunophenotypic characteristics of bone marrow samples from 14 @entity6130 @entity1 , 48 @entity2590 @entity1 , 46 @entity3052 @entity1 and 18 normal @entity1 were analyzed and compared by multiparametric flow cytometry. The results showed that the ratio of monocytes in @entity6130 @entity1 was obviously higher than that in @entity2590 , @entity3052 @entity1 and normal @entity1 (P < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between bone marrow samples of @entity2590 and @entity3052 @entity1 as well as normal @entity1 . The ratio of blast cells in @entity2590 @entity1 was obviously higher than that in normal @entity1 (P < 0.05), but did not show significant difference as compared with @entity6130 @entity1 . The ratio of mature granulocytes in @entity3052 @entity1 was obviously lower than that in @entity6130 and @entity2590 @entity1 as well as normal @entity1 bone marrow (P < 0.05). Certain differences of @entity1195 /SSC characteristics in @entity2590 , @entity3052 and @entity6130 @entity1 were found in comparison with normal @entity1 . The abnormal expression of @entity3138 , @entity2940 , and @entity5750 tailing phenomenon were observed in @entity6130 @entity1 in comparison with bone marrow samples of @entity2590 , @entity3052 and normal @entity1 (P < 0.05). Lack and decrease of @entity5824 expression in @entity2590 and @entity6130 @entity1 was significant different from @entity3052 and normal @entity1 marrow, abnormal expression rate of @entity5824 in @entity6130 @entity1 was higher than that in @entity2590 @entity1 (P < 0.05), the @entity10793 / @entity9536 / @entity4071 abnormal expression of granulocytes was seen in both @entity6130 and @entity2590 @entity1 , but there was no statistically significant difference between them. Other antigens showed abnormality of varying degrees, but did not have any statistical significance. It is concluded that @entity2590 , @entity6130 and @entity3052 displayed a certain degree of similarity, and also possess their own immunophenotype characteristics. Comprehensive analysis of immunophenotype by multiparameter flow cytometry may be important for differential diagnosis among @entity6130 , @entity2590 and @entity3052 . High percentage of monocytes, abnormal coexpression of @entity3138 , @entity2940 and @entity5750 tailing phenomenon, lack or decrease of @entity5824 as well as abnormal expression of @entity10793 / @entity9536 / @entity4071 in granulocytes may play important roles in diagnosis of @entity6130 .

title: [Significance and application value of multiparameter flow cytometry for differentiation of immunophenotype in @entity6130 , @entity2590 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity9020 :: ('MESH:D007948', 'Disease') :: ['acute monocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity6130 :: ('MESH:D015477', 'Disease') :: ['CMML', 'chronic myelomonocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['MDS', 'myelodysplastic syndromes']

answer: @entity9020 :: (MESH:D007948,Disease) :: ['acute monocytic leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of @entity1956 (HB) vaccination in newborns and the need for a booster dose. This research is one of the longest HB vaccine follow-up studies in the world with its subjects came from a program of universal @entity1 HB vaccination. METHODS: @entity1 who were born in 1986 and immunized with @entity1956 vaccine at birth were followed up at least once a year. Serum HBsAg, anti- @entity13210 and anti-HBs were tested. At the 5th year after the first dose the prevalence of @entity1956 in the @entity1 in other district who were also born in 1986 and remained unvaccinated was surveyed as external controls. Random sampling was applied and the possible bias was analyzed. The trends of the positive rates of serum HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti- @entity13210 in the immunized cohort were studied. With external control, the long-term efficacy of HB vaccination was calculated. RESULTS: The positive rates of HBsAg in the vaccine group from the first to eleventh year were 0.46%-0.98% and were below than those of baseline and external control. HBsAg rates in the cohort at different ages were similar with an average of 0.70%(25/3 578). The long-term efficacy of newborn vaccination was 85.42% (95% confidant interval: 70.11%-100%). CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of HB vaccine was long-lasting and a booster dose was not necessary at least up to age 11 years.

title: [Long-term efficacy study of XXXX vaccination in newborns--results of 11 years' follow-up].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B infection', 'hepatitis B']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: Integrins mediate cell-extracellular matrix connections and are particularly important during neuronal development. We here investigated the regulatory role of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins on the synaptic transmission at developing motoneurons. Synaptic currents were recorded from innervated myocytes of 1-day-old @entity1238 cultures by whole-cell recordings. Soluble @entity22680 and laminin had no significant effect on the frequency of spontaneous synaptic currents (SSCs) by themselves and markedly increased SSC frequency in the presence of low concentration of @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) activators. Pretreatment with @entity45121 peptide inhibited the SSC increasing action of @entity864 ( @entity865 , 0.5 microM) plus @entity22680 , but not that of @entity865 plus laminin. @entity670 but not cytochalasin D inhibited the SSC increasing action of @entity865 plus @entity22680 or laminin. High concentration of @entity865 (5 microM) markedly increased the SSC frequency by itself and occluded the SSC increasing action of @entity22680 . Very low concentration of @entity865 (0.05 microM) markedly enhanced the SSC frequency when the cells were plated onto @entity22680 - or laminin-coated substratum for 1 day. The SSC frequency increased markedly right after a train stimulation, which was defined as post-train potentiation (PTrP), when the cultures were plated onto @entity22680 substratum and chronically treated with @entity45122 ( @entity45122 ). The PTrP phenomenon is not observed upon chronic treatment with @entity45123 , glial cell line-derived @entity45123 , or ciliary @entity45123 . Our results suggest that the activation of @entity7131 and @entity669 kinase but not actin reorganization plays a role in the SSC potentiating action of @entity22680 . @entity45122 exerts synergistic effects in increasing synaptic transmission in neurons grown on @entity22680 substratum. ECMs in concert with @entity45123 may play a role in regulating synaptic function at developing motoneurons.

title: Regulation of acetylcholine release by extracellular matrix proteins at developing motoneurons in XXXX cell cultures.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['Genistein']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity45121 :: ('MESH:C049554', 'Chemical') :: ['Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser']

entities_list: @entity45123 :: ('399298(Tax:8355)', 'Gene') :: ['neurotrophic factor', 'neurotrophin-3']

entities_list: @entity45122 :: ('378585(Tax:8355)', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: As myogenesis, muscle growth and differentiation and growth factor expression are influenced by thyroid and @entity7318 ( @entity7318 ) levels, it is important to investigate the possibility that altered activity of the @entity121 prevents the lethal progression of @entity3986 and/or contributes to the muscle fiber @entity1184 of limb muscles. The ultrastructure of pituitary and thyroid tissues in age-matched control and mdx @entity19 at 2 and 12 months of age was examined. Pituitary @entity7318 , and serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid hormone (T4), and @entity908 kinase (CK) levels were measured. Mdx thyroid gland structure was similar to age-matched control glands. Mdx thyroid gland weighed significantly more than in age-matched controls, but was unchanged relative to body weight. TSH and T4 levels were not different from levels in control @entity19 . High CK levels reflected the active @entity3986 in mdx muscles. Somatotrophs in mdx pituitaries were @entity1184 in comparison to controls, indicating increased secretory activity, and pituitary @entity7318 was slightly but significantly greater in old mdx female @entity19 compared to age-matched female controls. These observations rule out hypopituitary or hypothyroid function as a reason for the low impact of @entity942 in mdx muscles. Results suggest a contribution by raised @entity7318 to the fiber @entity1184 in mdx limb and heart muscle, which might also assist the large capacity for limb muscle regeneration in mdx @entity19 .

title: The @entity121 in mdx dystrophic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'hypertrophied']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['mdx dystrophy', 'dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary-muscle axis']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophin deficiency']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity161 appears quite similar across a range of cultures. However, variability has been noted, and understanding the variant and invariant features of the disorder is necessary for elucidating its biological and environmental basis. Evidence of prominent emotion processing deficits in @entity161 , including perceptual and experiential aspects, led us to extend the paradigm of standardized measures cross-culturally. We assessed performance of American, German, and Indian @entity1 with @entity161 and healthy controls on standardized emotion discrimination and experience (mood induction) procedures using happy, sad, and neutral facial expressions of Caucasian actors. @entity1 were 80 Americans (40 @entity1 ; 40 controls), 48 Germans (24 @entity1 ; 24 controls), and 58 Indians (29 @entity1 ; 29 controls). Face discrimination performance was impaired across @entity1 groups, but was most impaired in those of Indian origin. Lower performance was also found in Indian controls, relative to their American and German counterparts. Mood induction produced weaker effects in all @entity1 groups relative to their respective controls. The results supported the feasibility of cross-cultural comparisons and also emphasized the importance of poser ethnic background for facial affect identification, while poser ethnicity was less consequential for mood induction effects. @entity51 in @entity161 may add to the clinical burden, and merit further examination.

title: Emotional processing in XXXX across cultures: standardized measures of discrimination and experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Emotion processing deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 typically affects smokers older than 50 years of age. Recently, however, a marked increase in the number of @entity1 40 years old and younger, many with no history of @entity286 smoking, has been noted. Studies in this age group have so far been restricted to genomic areas well recognized as abnormal in typical @entity1 with @entity5 . The aim of this study was to assess genomic aberrations in @entity5 , using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) microarray technology, and to compare the genomic aberration profile of @entity1 older than 40 years old with those 40 years old and younger. METHODS: Tumor samples from 20 @entity1 with @entity5 (age range, 21-78; 10 smokers and 10 nonsmokers) were laser microdissected, and array CGH was used to identify genomic imbalances in these two cohorts. RESULTS: The older cohort showed high numbers of gains and losses in contrast to very few copy number changes in the younger nonsmoker cohort. In concurrence with the literature, @entity5 from the older cohort manifested deletions involving 3p and 9p21 and gains involving 3q, 5q, 7p, 8q, 11q, and 20q. The younger group, particularly the nonsmokers, showed very few changes overall, and the aberrations were not in the sites classically associated with @entity5 . Deletion of @entity986 ( @entity986 ) was completely absent in the younger group but was present in 50% of the older cohort. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that there is far less genomic instability in young nonsmokers with @entity5 than found in typical @entity1 with @entity5 . These observations indicate that @entity5 presenting at a younger age, particularly in nonsmokers, has a genomic profile different from the classically described @entity5 .

title: Distinct array comparative genomic hybridization profiles in oral squamous cell carcinoma occurring in young XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Oral cancer', 'oral cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This study investigated the relationship between @entity11158 ( @entity11158 ) and emotionally stressful states measured by the urinary @entity2661 in 314 @entity1 aged six to eight years. The @entity1 were examined clinically and interviewed by the same investigator. During the clinical examination the following variables were recorded: maximal mouth opening with and without @entity158 , deviation of the mandible in opening wide, muscle and @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) tenderness or @entity158 and sounds from the @entity1348 . The variables recorded during the interview were headaches, difficulties in opening wide, @entity158 upon opening wide, and clicking. A questionnaire was distributed to the parents to collect information regarding socioeconomic factors. A 24-hour urine sample was collected for each subject and analyzed by the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique to assay the @entity2922 content. The logistic multiple regression analysis was carried out to test whether @entity11158 was affected by the studied variables. A 95% probability level was used. The results showed that @entity1425 had a significant effect on @entity1348 tenderness, while @entity1063 and @entity935 did not have a significant association with any of the signs and symptoms of @entity11158 . The data suggest that emotionally stressful states increase the probability of developing @entity1348 tenderness in @entity1 of this age.

title: Emotional stress and XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity11158 :: ('MESH:D017271', 'Disease') :: ['CMD', 'craniomandibular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity11158 :: (MESH:D017271,Disease) :: ['craniomandibular dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the gender disparity in the distribution of @entity1 -related risk factors and their effect on the surgical management and clinical outcome of @entity453 in Saudi population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of 971 @entity1 undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) at our institution between January 2005 and December 2008. Seven hundred and eighty seven @entity1 (81%) were males and 184 @entity1 (19%) were females. We analyzed gender-based difference in clinical presentation and @entity1 -related pre-operative risk factors and studied their impact on surgical management and clinical outcome. RESULTS: The mean age was 59.5 years in males and 63.4 years in females (p  =  <0.0001). Associated co-morbidities were higher in females. Prevalence of @entity6 was 61.2% in males and 78.8% in females (p-value  =  <0.0001); @entity101 61.9% in males and 79.9% in females (p-value <0.0001); @entity407 66.7% in males and 77.7% in females (p-value 0.0035); morbid @entity28 24.7% in males and 45.1% in females (p-value <0.0001); and @entity1375 2.5% in males and 13.6% in females (p-value <0.0001). Smoking was the only risk factor with higher prevalence in males compared to females (44.2% v/s 2.2%; p-value <0.0001). The mean logistic euroSCORE was 3.94 in males and 5.51 in females (p  <  0.0003). On-pump and off-pump CABG was carried out in equal numbers in two groups. Females required urgent surgery and less than 3 grafts more frequently while males underwent elective surgery and more than 3 grafts in greater numbers. No significant difference was present between the two gender groups in aortic occlusion times and bypass times. Univariant analysis revealed females gender as an independent risk factor for higher in-hospital mortality (1.1% versus 4.9% p  =  0.0026) and higher incidence of @entity6081 , need for prolonged ventilation, @entity998 state and @entity881 (p-values 0.01 or less). CONCLUSION: Female gender is an independent predictor of adverse outcome after isolated CABG due to significantly higher co-morbidities and acute presentation and independent of their peri-operative management. Therefore, major socioeconomic education and preventive measures are needed to reduce the burden of major co-morbidities in females and to seek early cardiac advice and care.

title: Gender differences in the surgical management and early clinical outcome of XXXX : Single centre experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative complications like surgical wound infection']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multi-organ failure']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is one of the most frequently encountered @entity5 in pregnancy. For early-stage disease arising in late second/third trimester, treatment may be delayed until delivery. However, in @entity1442 , data are lacking. CASE: A 26-year-old @entity1 presented at 21 weeks gestation with a stage IIB high-grade @entity1358 . At 25 + 1 weeks gestation, @entity900 100 mg/m(2) every 21 days was commenced. One month after cycle 3, a healthy @entity1 was delivered. Thereafter, further @entity900 , intracavity @entity5166 , and chemoradiation were administered. Findings from subsequent clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging were normal. Fifteen months post treatment, both @entity1 and baby remain well. CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant @entity900 chemotherapy can be used in stage @entity2622 during pregnancy to allow fetal development and prevent disease progression before delivery.

title: The use of XXXX to treat @entity5 during pregnancy allows fetal development and prevents @entity5 progression: report of a case and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cervical cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['IIB cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell cervical carcinoma']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2841 -flow obstruction is regarded as a mandatory factor for the development of @entity1644 . However, there are conditions in which @entity1644 is not associated with evident persistent @entity2841 -flow obstruction, as in the case of inflammatory spinal cord lesions. In these instances we hypothesize that the accumulation of vasogenic @entity4 may play a role in the development of the syrinx. Recently proposed theories underline, even in the event of @entity2841 -flow obstructions, a major role for the accumulation and final coalescence of interstitial spinal fluid, rather than @entity2841 penetration through the spinal cord. AIM: To clarify the relationship between syrinx development and @entity4685 , through the analysis of the role of intrinsic medullary factors versus @entity2841 -flow block. METHODS: A prospective case series including @entity1 with transient @entity1644 associated with different examples of non-infectious @entity4685 : @entity370 , post-infectious transverse @entity4685 , @entity1652 and @entity15 . Cavitations resulting from cystic myelomalacia were excluded. @entity2841 -flow block was assessed by structural MRI. RESULTS: Syringes associated with @entity4685 shared some common features: they developed during the acute phase of @entity4685 and disappeared after @entity230 , were all non-communicating cavitations involving the central canal, and occurred in the same spinal segment affected by @entity4685 . @entity2841 -flow obstruction was detected in one @entity1 ( @entity1645 ), while in the other three @entity1 we could not detect anatomical predispositions. CONCLUSION: Only one @entity1 had structural abnormalities, though without evidence of a pathogenetic role in itself: however, @entity2841 space obstruction and reduced @entity2841 compliance could have accelerated the development of @entity1644 triggered by intramedullary inflammation. The clinical and radiological features in this @entity1 are consistent with the label "presyringomyelia". The absence of any anatomical predisposition in the other @entity1 suggests a major pathophysiological role for intrinsic medullary mechanisms, including blood-spinal cord barrier breakdown, impairment of extracellular fluid drainage, and leakage of subarachnoidal @entity2841 into the nervous tissue.

title: Pathogenetic role of @entity4685 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ["Devic's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari I malformation']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity4685 :: ('MESH:D009187', 'Disease') :: ['myelitis', 'spinal cord inflammation']

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['syringomyelia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the complication rate after open interval appendicectomy and compare it with the complication rate after acute appendicectomy. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Teaching hospital, Sweden. SUBJECTS: 38 @entity1 with @entity2466 or @entity102 who underwent interval appendicectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Operative and histological findings, and @entity260 after interval appendicectomy. RESULTS: The reasons for interval appendicectomy were @entity2466 (n = 32, verified by ultrasonography in 25 cases), @entity102 (n = 4), and previous @entity697 (n = 2). Five @entity1 underwent drainage of the abscess during the acute episode. The median interval between first symptoms of @entity698 and interval appendicectomy was 3.5 months (range 1.5-15). In two @entity1 (5%) there were no macroscopic or microscopic signs of @entity698 and in one @entity1 (61 years old) an @entity420 was found in the base of the appendix. The complication rate was 13% (5/38), which is similar to our morbidity after acute appendicectomy (244/2352, 10%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity13198 has the same complication rate as acute appendicectomy, and is hardly ever done. We no longer recommend it as a routine and it should be done only for special indications such as persisting complaints that suggest @entity698 .

title: XXXX : a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['previous appendicitis', 'appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity2466 :: ('MESH:D001063', 'Disease') :: ['appendiceal abscess']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity13198 :: ('OMIM:610141', 'Disease') :: ['Interval appendicectomy']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity13198 :: (OMIM:610141,Disease) :: ['Interval appendicectomy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and types of childhood @entity15170 in a defined population. DESIGN: Retrospective population-based cohort. @entity1 : All pediatric (<19 years of age) residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, diagnosed with vertical strabismus from January 1, 1985, through December 31, 1994. METHODS: The medical records of all potential @entity1 identified by the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project were reviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence and types of childhood @entity15170 . RESULTS: Forty-two cases of childhood @entity15170 were identified during the 10-year period, yielding an annual age- and gender-adjusted incidence of 12.9 (95% confidence interval, 9.0-16.9) per 100000 @entity1 younger than 19 years of age. This rate corresponds to a prevalence of approximately 0.26%, or 1 in 391, of all @entity1 younger than 19 years of age. Nearly three fourths (71.4%) of the @entity1 had a IVth @entity129 , primary @entity2182 , @entity3312 , or a vertical tropia in the setting of an abnormal central nervous system. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence rates for childhood @entity15170 in this population-based study are higher than published reports of prevalence. Fourth @entity129 and primary dysfunction of the inferior oblique muscle were the most common forms of vertical strabismus in this population.

title: Incidence and types of childhood XXXX : a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity15170 :: ('MESH:D013285', 'Disease') :: ['hypertropia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['inferior oblique overaction']

entities_list: @entity3312 :: ('MESH:D002095', 'Disease') :: ['Brown syndrome']

answer: @entity15170 :: (MESH:D013285,Disease) :: ['hypertropia']


abstract: PURPOSE: A prospective study was performed to evaluate refractive and ocular biometric changes in acute @entity1602 status in @entity1 with @entity6 . METHODS: From January to August 2002, 48 eyes of 24 @entity1 with persistent @entity6 and a plasma @entity413 level>or=17 mmol/L or HbA1c>or=10.0% on admission were enrolled in this prospective study. Upon admission to @entity47439 -Service General Hospital in Taipei, Taiwan, these @entity1 underwent intensive glycemic control. The basic ophthalmic examinations, including visual acuity, intraocular pressure measurement, slit lamp, and fundus examinations, were conducted. The ocular parameters including refraction, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, @entity3656 , mean keratometry, and thinnest corneal thickness were evaluated by A-mode scan and Orbscan II. Each @entity1 underwent clinical follow-up visits at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after the acute @entity1602 episode. RESULTS: Of the 24 @entity1 , 18 were male and 6 were female. The mean age of the @entity1 was 55 years (range: 38 to 69). Comparing the refractive status on admission and at week 4, the authors found that 8 cases (16 eyes, 33%) showed @entity3467 during @entity4854 (+1.9+/-0.8 D), but in the other 16 cases (32 eyes, 67%), there were no significant changes. In addition, there were also no significant changes in anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, @entity3656 , thinnest corneal thickness, or mean keratometry in the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Transitory @entity4854 produces @entity3467 . The alteration in refractive index in the lens may contribute to the hyperopic change, but no change of ocular biometrics in lens or @entity267 is observed.

title: Sweet @entity3467 : refractive changes in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['axial length']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study reports the clinical outcomes of @entity135 @entity2347 treatment over a 20-year period. METHODS: The treatment outcome of 51 @entity135 @entity2347 @entity1 treated between 1992 and 2013 were analysed. @entity1 were stratified into radical treatment and disease control groups. RESULTS: A total of 40 @entity1 underwent surgery and post-operative radiotherapy. The 10-year disease-specific survival rate was 93 per cent. Eleven @entity1 had @entity5 recurrence: of these, nine were pulmonary metastases. The 11 @entity1 in the disease control group had a median follow up of 21 months (range, 2-172 months); 5 underwent radical radiotherapy with palliative intent. CONCLUSION: There was late @entity5 recurrence in over 25 per cent of @entity1 . @entity2347 has a high tendency to relapse even after radical excision and adjuvant therapy. However, definitive radiotherapy should still be considered on an individual basis because it may provide local control and prolong @entity1 survival.

title: Clinical outcomes of XXXX of the @entity135 : a single institution 20-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'Adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity2347 :: (MESH:D003528,Disease) :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']


abstract: The amyloidoses are group of @entity74 , in which synthesized and secreted proteins, as a soluble molecules, are formed into insoluble, fibrillar tissue deposits, leading to organ dysfunction. Classification now is based on the chemical nature of the fibrillar component of the deposits. One of these is light-chain @entity2783 ( @entity2783 ). The aim of the study was to describe of multiple @entity1582 @entity1 and @entity2783 . The study group consisted of 45 @entity1 (16 @entity1 and 29 @entity1 ). The diagnosis was made by fine-needle aspiration of subcutaneous fat and then staining the tissue with Congo red. We also analyse the concentration of the serum @entity5475 . We analyse the most characteristic features of @entity2783 as @entity177 , @entity644 , @entity177 , @entity923 , @entity828 , @entity11124 and @entity551 . Among the multiple @entity1582 @entity1 we found 17 with @entity2783 and 35 @entity1 with elevated concentration of the serum @entity5475 . The most frequent symptoms were related with @entity177 and @entity712 .

title: [ XXXX in the course of multiple @entity1582 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'amyloidosis', 'AL amyloid']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'hearth failure']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['heterogeneous disorders']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity11124 :: ('MESH:D008260', 'Disease') :: ['macroglossia']

answer: @entity2783 :: (MESH:D000686,Disease) :: ['Amyloidosis']


abstract: @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) cause 60% of all UK fatalities in the current campaign in Afghanistan. Shorter evacuation timelines now deliver @entity1 at the edge of the physiological envelope of survivability meaning that the available time period for @entity548 control and initial wound surgery is short--often no more than 75 minutes. The concepts and practise of 'right turn resuscitation', damage control general and orthopaedic surgery, on-table 'ITU' pause/catch-up and then further resuscitative surgery are commonplace. In Helmand in 2011, multiple team operating is now the norm on these casualties with up to seven surgeons and three anaesthetists simultaneously involved in the operative care of one @entity1 . This usually involves one consultant orthopaedic surgeon and trainee per lower limb, a plastic surgeon on the upper limb or faceleyes and two general surgeons obtaining proximal vascular control or in-cavity @entity548 control. A combined meeting in 2010 of the Lower Limb and Torso @entity130 Working Groups of the Academic Department of Military Surgery and @entity130 produced 25 clear, didactic statements to provide advice to the consultant team. The fundamental message is that bleeding is always a surgical problem. Some adjuncts are available; pressure (direct and indirect), compressive bandaging, haemostatic dressings and tourniquets. However, only formal surgical control, by whatever means is definitive. Early proximal control is mandatory: in all cases, rapidly obtain the most distally appropriate proximal control above the zone of injury.

title: Consensus statement on decision making in junctional XXXX care.

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['Improvised explosive devices', 'IEDs']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness balance of implementing an intensive program of chest physiotherapy in @entity358 . METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="DESIGN" NlmCategory="METHODS">cross-sectional study with historical controls. Cases are 119 @entity1 operated on during a 15-month period of time, after implementation of an intensive chest-physiotherapy program. Controls are 520 @entity1 operated on by the same team before the program started. In these @entity1 , only incentive spirometry was indicated besides routine nursing care. In both series, operative selection criteria and anaesthetic management were similar. Population homogeneity was assessed by comparing age, body mass index (BMI) and estimated postoperative FEV1 (ppoFEV1) of the @entity1 in both series. Selected outcomes were as follows: 30-day mortality, prevalence of @entity1576 ( @entity891 and @entity55 ) and hospital stay. Hospital stay was estimated by @entity797 regression using age, ppoFEV1, BMI, diagnosis and postoperative morbidity as covariates. Costs were calculated adding chest therapists' salaries and acquisition value of specific training and monitoring devices and its consumable items. Savings from avoided hospitalisation days was discounted. RESULTS: Prevalence of @entity891 and median hospital stay decreased in physiotherapy group. Cost of the program was 48,447.81 (407.12 per treated @entity1 ). An estimated total of 151.75 hospital days was saved in the physiotherapy group. Since daily hospitalisation cost is 590.00 in our centre, 89,532.50 savings was estimated from avoided hospitalisation days. CONCLUSIONS: We have found a significant decrease in the rate of @entity891 without additional costs. In fact, the program has produced considerable monetary savings.

title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of prophylactic respiratory physiotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative atelectasis', 'atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lobectomy']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory morbidity']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary lobectomy']


abstract: Increasing evidence suggests that noise-induced @entity393 may be reduced or prevented with antioxidant therapy. Biochemical markers of reactive @entity26 species (ROS)-induced damage can help elucidate possible treatment timing constraints. This study examined the time course of @entity75 following a 2-h, broad-band noise exposure resulting in permanent threshold shift in 35 Long-Evans @entity35 . Cochlea, brain, liver, serum and urine were analyzed at 1, 3, 8, 72, and 672 h (28 days) after exposure. Oxidative DNA damage was assessed by measuring @entity7599 ( @entity7599 ) by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Lipid peroxidation was measured via the @entity4466 -reactive substances (TBARS) colorimetric assay for detection of @entity3125 (e.g., @entity1234 ). Auditory brainstem response and distortion product otoacoustic emission thresholds showed progressive elevation for the 3- and 8-h groups, then notable recovery for the 72-h group, and some worsening for the 672-h group. @entity7599 was significantly elevated in cochlea in the 8-h group, and in brain and liver for the 72-h group. TBARS were significantly elevated in serum for the 72-h group. Based upon oxidative DNA damage present in cochlea following intense noise, we postulate that the first 8 h following exposure might be a critical period for antioxidant treatment.

title: Oxidative DNA damage is associated with intense noise exposure in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7599 :: ('MESH:C040791', 'Chemical') :: ["8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine", '8OHdG']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ROS damage']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity3125 :: ('MESH:D000447', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehydes']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1007 has been shown to impair endothelium-mediated, @entity842 (NO)-dependent responses to @entity934 ( @entity1617 ), @entity750 , @entity4757 and flow-mediated dilation. We have recently shown that NO contributes to metabolic vasodilation in the @entity1 forearm. We sought to determine whether metabolic vasodilation is impaired in healthy subjects with @entity1007 . METHODS: We compared the @entity450 ( @entity450 ) responses to isotonic exercise, @entity1617 and the endothelium-independent vasodilator @entity1854 in young, otherwise healthy volunteers with @entity1007 and controls before and after the NO inhibitor @entity7293 ( @entity7293 ). @entity450 was measured using venous occlusion plethysmography. @entity753 (n = 20) and control (n = 20) subjects were age- and gender-matched. RESULTS: Total @entity165 (6.9 +/- 0.3 vs. 4.6 +/- 0.1 mmol/l, P < 0.0001), low density lipoprotein (4.9 +/- 0.4 vs. 2.7 +/- 0.1 mmol/l, P < 0.001) and @entity412 (1.3 +/- 0.2 vs. 0.8 +/- 0.1 mmol/l, P = 0.005) levels were higher in the @entity753 group. Basal @entity450 and resistance were similar in the two groups. @entity1007 impaired the peak @entity450 response to @entity1617 (11.1 +/- 1.9 vs. 17.6 +/- 2.2 ml/100 ml/min, P = 0.03), and reduced the peak response to @entity1854 (6.0 +/- 0.4 vs. 8.1 +/- 0.6 ml/100 ml/min, P < 0.01). However, @entity1007 did not affect peak hyperemic @entity450 (13.1 +/- 1.0 vs. 13.2 +/- 1.0 ml/100 ml/min, P = 1.0) or the @entity450 volume repayment during the 1 or 5 min after exercise. Resting @entity450 was reduced by @entity7293 to a similar degree (by 33% vs. 40%, P = 0.17) in both groups. Although @entity7293 reduced peak hyperemic @entity450 (by 16% vs. 17%, P = 0.93) and the volume repaid after exercise in both groups, there were no differences between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise-induced metabolic vasodilation is in part dependent on NO release. @entity1007 impairs NO-mediated vasodilation, but is not associated with a reduction in exercise-induced @entity450 . This may indicate that multiple compensatory mechanisms are operative in skeletal muscle metabolic vasodilation.

title: Metabolic vasodilation in the XXXX forearm is preserved in @entity1007 despite impairment of endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilation.

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercholesterolemic', 'hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercholesterolemia', 'hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia', 'FBF', 'forearm blood flow']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'NG-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC, also known as mitochondrial porin) is acknowledged to play an important role in stress-induced @entity1 apoptosis. In this study, @entity2386 VDAC (PoVDAC) gene was identified as a virally induced gene from @entity24047 Rhabdovirus ( @entity50572 )-infected flounder embryonic cells (FEC). The full length of PoVDAC cDNA is 1380 bp with an open reading frame of 852 bp encoding a 283 @entity535 protein. The deduced PoVDAC contains one alpha-helix, 13 transmembrane beta-strands and one eukaryotic mitochondrial porin signature motif. Constitutive expression of PoVDAC was confirmed in all tested tissues by real-time PCR. Further expression analysis revealed PoVDAC mRNA was upregulated by @entity1800 . We prepared fish antiserum against recombinant VDAC proteins and detected the PoVDAC in heart lysates from flounder as a 32 kDa band on western blot. Overexpression of PoVDAC in fish cells induced apoptosis. Immunofluoresence localization indicated that the significant distribution changes of PoVDAC have occurred in virus-induced apoptotic cells. This is the first report on the inductive expression of VDAC by @entity1800 , suggesting that PoVDAC might be mediated flounder antiviral immune response through induction of apoptosis.

title: Characterization and expression analysis of XXXX voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) gene in response to virus infection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2386 :: ('8255', 'Species') :: ['Paralichthys olivaceus']

entities_list: @entity24047 :: ('52904', 'Species') :: ['Scophthalmus Maximus']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

answer: @entity2386 :: (8255,Species) :: ['Paralichthys olivaceus']


abstract: Anti- @entity143 receptor (NMDAR) @entity198 is a newly identified @entity792 that targets NMDARs, causing severe neurological symptoms including @entity1833 , @entity716 , and @entity410 , and may result in @entity204 (Dalmau et al., 2008). However, the exact epitope to which these antibodies bind is unknown. A clearly defined antigenic region could provide more precise testing, allow for comparison of immunogenicity between @entity1 to explore potential clinically relevant variations, elucidate the functional effects of antibodies, and make patients' antibodies a more effective tool with which to study NMDAR function. Here, we use @entity1 CSF to explore the antigenic region of the NMDAR. We created a series of mutants within the @entity1472 terminal domain of @entity6806 that change patient antibody binding in transfected cells in stereotyped ways. These mutants demonstrate that the N368/G369 region of @entity6806 is crucial for the creation of immunoreactivity. Mass spectrometry experiments show that N368 is glycosylated in transfected cells and @entity35 brain regions; however, this glycosylation is not directly required for epitope formation. Mutations of residues N368/G369 change the closed time of the receptor in single channel recordings; more frequent channel openings correlates with the degree of antibody staining, and acute antibody exposure prolongs open time of the receptor. The staining pattern of mutant receptors is similar across subgroups of @entity1 , indicating consistent immunogenicity, although we have identified one region that has a variable role in epitope formation. These findings provide tools for detailed comparison of antibodies across @entity1 and suggest an interaction between antibody binding and channel function.

title: Anti- @entity143 receptor @entity198 antibody binding is dependent on amino acid identity of a small region within the @entity6806 XXXX terminal domain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorder']

answer: @entity1472 :: (CHEBI:46882,Chemical) :: ['amino']


abstract: NORDIL--the Nordic @entity3988 intervention study was started in September 1992. This trial is a prospective randomized open blinded-endpoint (PROBE) multicenter, parallel-group study conducted in Norway and Sweden. The study is designed to evaluate the potential preventive effects of @entity3988 compared with conventional antihypertensive drug treatment. Primary endpoints are cardiovascular mortality defined as fatal @entity583 , fatal @entity697 ( @entity64 ), @entity944 and other fatal @entity65 as well as @entity65 defined as @entity583 and @entity66 ( @entity64 ). Secondary endpoints are total mortality, the development or deterioration of @entity299 , @entity712 , @entity955 , transient @entity2142 , @entity6 and @entity177 . Male and female @entity1 , aged 50-69, with primary @entity101 are randomly allocated to therapy starting with either @entity3988 (180-360 mg daily) or conventional treatment (diuretics or beta-adrenergic blockers). Add-on therapy in the conventional treatment group excludes all types of @entity460 antagonists. The goal of treatment will be a target diastolic blood pressure of < or = 90 mmHg or a 10% diastolic blood pressure reduction. The NORDIL study will allow the detection of a 20% difference in cardiovascular mortality between the two groups with a power of 80% at the 5% significance level (two-sided test). A total of 12,000 @entity1 will be recruited from about 480 primary Health Care Centers or hospital based @entity101 Units. @entity1 will be treated for an average period of 5 years.

title: The Nordic XXXX Study (NORDIL). A prospective intervention trial of @entity460 antagonist therapy in @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic attacks']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity3988 :: (MESH:D004110,Chemical) :: ['Diltiazem']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pattern and extent of clustering of @entity158 conditions with @entity2411 is largely unknown. However, elucidating such patterns may improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in these common causes of @entity1118 . We sought to describe the pattern of @entity158 clustering in a population-based sample of @entity1 with diagnosed @entity2411 . METHODS: A total of 1457 @entity1 with diagnosed @entity2411 self-reported their type of @entity158 as localized, generalized, or both. Respondents were also surveyed about the presence of @entity158 conditions, including temporomandibular joint and @entity121 , @entity2335 , @entity239 , @entity5815 , @entity1744 , @entity46 , and @entity2794 . Age-adjusted latent class analysis modeled extant patterns of comorbidity by @entity158 type, and a multigroup model was used to test for the equality of comorbidity patterns using a comparison of prevalence. A two-class model (no/single comorbidity versus multiple comorbidities) had the best fit in individual and multigroup models. RESULTS: For the no/single comorbidity class, the posterior probability prevalence of item endorsement ranged from 0.9% to 24.4%, indicating a low probability of presence. Conversely, the multiple comorbidity class showed that at least two comorbid conditions were likely to be endorsed by at least 50% of @entity1 in that class, and @entity1744 and @entity239 were the most common comorbidities regardless of type of @entity158 . Prevalence of the multiple comorbidity class differed by type of @entity158 : both (37.6% prevalence, referent), generalized (21.6% prevalence, adjusted odds ratio 0.41, 95% confidence interval 0.27-0.61), or localized (12.5% prevalence, adjusted odds ratio 0.31, 95% confidence interval 0.21-0.47). CONCLUSION: This novel work provides insight into potential shared mechanisms of @entity2411 by describing that a prominent comorbidity pattern involves having both @entity1744 and @entity239 . In addition, the prevalence of a multiple comorbidity class pattern increases with increasing severity of @entity158 .

title: Latent class analysis of comorbidity patterns among @entity1 with generalized and localized XXXX : preliminary findings.

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle disorders']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial cystitis']

entities_list: @entity2411 :: ('MESH:D056650', 'Disease') :: ['vulvodynia']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['chronic headache']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['comorbid pain', 'vulvar pain']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity2411 :: (MESH:D056650,Disease) :: ['vulvodynia']


abstract: Recent clinical and animal studies have suggested that ventricular-vascular coupling normally operates at either optimal ventricular efficiency (EFF = @entity64 work/myocardial @entity26 consumption) or @entity64 work (SW) and that efficiency in particular is compromised by @entity299 . These distinctions between coupling states at maximal work vs. efficiency are largely based on theoretical models. To date, there are few direct experimental data defining optimal conditions for each parameter, respectively, in the same heart or tests of whether changes from these conditions must produce significant declines in both parameters. Therefore, 10 isolated blood-perfused @entity235 hearts were studied at varying contractilities, with the heart ejecting into a simulated three-element Windkessel model of arterial impedance. For a given inotropic state [indexed by the slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (Ees)], myocardial @entity26 consumption and SW were measured over a broad range of afterload resistances. The latter was indexed by the effective arterial elastance (Ea) and @entity455 expressed by the ratio of Ea to Ees (Ea/Ees). On average, maximal SW occurred at Ea/Ees = 0.80 +/- 0.16, whereas EFF was maximal at Ea/Ees = 0.70 +/- 0.15 (P < 0.01). However, these differences were small, and both SW and EFF were > or = 90% of their respective optima over a broad overlapping range of Ea-to-Ees ratios (0.3-1.3, corresponds with ejection fractions ranging from approximately 40 to 80%). These data show that both SW and efficiency are nearly maximal under many conditions of @entity455 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX work and efficiency both remain nearly optimal despite altered vascular loading.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular-vascular interaction']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Ventricular stroke']


abstract: The factors contributing to reduced work capacity (disability) in adolescent @entity1514 are poorly understood. We performed a cross-sectional study using multivariate analysis to identify the individual and additive influence of @entity85 , @entity358 , and muscular function on work capacity in 79 subjects with @entity2112 (angle of scoliosis 45 +/- 18.5 degrees, @entity168 ). Work capacity was measured using an incremental cycle test, and the cardiorespiratory response to exercise was compared with that of normal subjects. Work capacity was reduced (% Wcap, 86%; 95% CI 81.9 to 89.7), indicating significant disability. The % Wcap was unrelated to the nature and extent of @entity85 (p > 0.05). Leg muscularity and @entity358 had an additive influence on work capacity, the relationship with muscularity being the stronger of the two. Independently of muscularity and @entity358 , a high heart rate response at submaximal work rates was also associated with a reduced work capacity. Ventilation was normal for metabolic demands. During exercise, the tidal volumes of scoliotic subjects were reduced in proportion to the vital capacity. We conclude that disability occurs with mild to moderate @entity2112 and appears to be related to a combination of reduced ventilatory capacity, reduced muscularity, and cardiovascular deconditioning. These findings suggest that physical activity should be encouraged in subjects with @entity2112 to maintain peripheral muscle and @entity65 , thereby minimizing disability.

title: Factors influencing work capacity in adolescent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic thoracic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary impairment']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular conditioning']

answer: @entity1514 :: (MESH:D013896,Disease) :: ['idiopathic thoracic scoliosis']


abstract: CONTEXT: The clinical benefits of distal pancreatectomy with en bloc @entity1593 resection for locally advanced @entity788 remains controversial and, therefore, declared unresectable in most cases. Appleby first described extended distal pancreatectomy with @entity1593 resection for locally advanced @entity356 . CASE REPORT: We report a case of a 65-year-old female who presented a locally advanced @entity3123 with infiltration of @entity1593 . After radio-chemo neoadjuvant treatment, the @entity1 underwent exploratory laparoscopy and subsequent distal pancreatectomy with en bloc resection of @entity1593 . Arterial reconstruction was necessary as hepatic flow was not adequate, determined by intraoperative Doppler ultrasonography. It consisted of end to end @entity254 with prosthetic graft between hepatic artery directly to the aorta, as an @entity1856 was at the origin of the @entity1593 . The postoperative course was uneventful with a perfect relief of @entity158 . She presents a long term survival of 36 months, very exceptional for this type of disease. CONCLUSION: The particularity of this case is not only the surgical treatment, rarely offered to these @entity1 , but also and especially the subsequent vascular reconstruction. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this type of arterial reconstruction. Besides, we briefly discuss the recent advances in results of extended distal pancreatectomy with arterial resection for locally advanced @entity3123 .

title: Alternative arterial reconstruction after extended pancreatectomy. Case report and some considerations of locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic body cancer']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac axis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous plaque']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']