abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the optimal intramedullary (IM) pin size for open and percutaneous normograde pinning of the distal humerus. STUDY DESIGN: Ex vivo anatomic study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Sixteen @entity235 cadavers. METHODS: Sixteen pairs of forelimbs were harvested from @entity235 cadavers weighing 25-35   kg. The craniocaudal diameter of the humeral medullary canal, at the distal 80th percentile of its length, was measured on a lateral radiograph. Forelimbs within each pair were allocated to percutaneous or open pinning techniques. Cadavers were divided into three groups based on IM pin diameter relative to the medullary canal diameter: Group 25-35%, Group 36-45%, and Group 46-55%. Pins were inserted normograde into the medial epicondyle and advanced until they exited the proximal humerus. Pin tracts were dissected and damage to soft tissue, bony structures, and location of entry and exit points were documented. The humeri were also cut at the thinnest point of the medial epicondyle and damage to the bone was evaluated. RESULTS: There was no difference in any of the outcomes between the open and percutaneous techniques. @entity16 was more frequent in Group 46-55% and included blanching and or @entity174 of the cortex of the medial epicondyle, with @entity174 occurring in 6/10 limbs in this group. Pins in Group 46-55% exited the farthest and most distal from the optimal exit point and were difficult to place in all limbs. CONCLUSION: This study supports a recommendation for open and percutaneous pinning of the humerus with IM pins 36-45% of the medullary canal diameter measured at the distal 80th percentile of humeral length.

title: Pin Size Selection for Normograde Intramedullary Pinning of Distal Humeral Fractures in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Cortical damage']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Dog']


abstract: Previous research has demonstrated that laser photocoagulation treatment of the monkey retina affords protection against experimental @entity726 -induced @entity2479 cell (RGC) loss in areas overlying laser spots. The underlying mechanism is unknown, but it is conceivable that the laser acted as a preconditioning stimulus, inducing localised, endogenous production of survival factors. The related purposes of the current study were firstly to examine whether preconditioning pathways are activated by either a conventional photocoagulator (CW) laser or a photoreceptor-sparing, short-pulse duration (2RT) laser in the @entity35 retina, and secondly, to examine whether such preconditioning with either laser improves RGC survival after optic nerve (ON) crush. Pigmented @entity35 were randomly assigned to one of three groups: sham, CW, 2RT. For the preconditioning study, laser spots were applied randomly to each retina in the posterior hemisphere of the eye taking care to avoid major blood vessels. Animals were killed at 6  h, 1d, and 7d after laser treatment, then analysed by qPCR, immunohistochemistry or Western immunoblotting. For the neuroprotection study, laser spots were administered to the mid-central @entity2194 . The left eye served as a control. In two experiments, @entity35 were lasered either 24  h or 7 days before ON crush, then killed a further 7 days later. Wholemount retinas were prepared and double labelling immunofluorescence performed. Nestin labelling allowed visualization of laser spots. @entity28137 labelling identified viable RGCs. Photomicrographs of @entity28137 labelling were taken in areas overlying nestin-positive laser spots. Quantification of @entity28137 RGCs was then performed. Both the CW and 2RT lasers induced local glial cell activation. Moreover, both lasers induced localized upregulations of a number of well-documented ( @entity5392 , @entity664 @entity28915 , pAKT) or putative ( @entity5019 , @entity14026 , @entity568 ) RGC survival factors. However, neither laser caused sustained increases in other factors associated with neuronal preconditioning, such as @entity2136 , @entity18273 , @entity2135 , @entity1976 , and @entity842 synthase. As regards neuroprotection, analysis of the data revealed that ON crush resulted in the loss of approximately 70% of @entity28137 -labelled RGCs after 1 week. Neither the CW nor the 2RT laser augmented @entity28137 -positive RGC survival in areas overlying and neighbouring laser spots. This was the case irrespective of whether lasering occurred 1 or 7 days before the ON crush. Our results showed that the CW and 2RT lasers both stimulated de novo synthesis of certain genes that are well-known RGC survival factors and/or that have been implicated in preconditioning-induced neuroprotection studies. Despite these findings, neither laser augmented survival of RGCs when delivered prior to ON crush.

title: Effects of a conventional photocoagulator and a 3-ns pulse laser on preconditioning responses and XXXX cell survival after optic nerve crush.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['retina of the right eye']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ganglion']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity2479 :: (MESH:D012173,Disease) :: ['retinal ganglion']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate a structured treatment and teaching programme for adult @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity565 . The design consisted of a prospective, before-after trial: the same consecutive @entity1 were studied before and after intervention with observation periods 1 year before and 1 year after intervention. The investigation took place within a tertiary care centre (university hospital). A total of 142 consecutive @entity1 were referred for in- @entity1 treatment of their @entity565 , of whom 132 (93%) @entity1 participated in the follow-up examination. The intervention consisted of a structured 5-d in- @entity1 treatment and teaching programme presented by a specialized nurse educator. The aim of the programme was for the @entity1 to assume greater responsibility for disease management, including self-monitoring of peak expiratory flow and qualified self-adaptation of drug therapy. The main outcome measures were the frequency of severe @entity565 attacks, hospitalization, and absenteeism from work (data provided by health insurance companies), @entity1 ' compliance and management skills. During the year before and the year after the intervention 71% and 36%, respectively of @entity1 had one or more severe @entity565 attacks (mean difference 35%, 95% CI: 25-45%, P less than 0.0001). The percentage of @entity1 who were hospitalized because of @entity565 decreased from 39% to 22% (mean difference 17%, 95% CI: 7-27%, P less than 0.002). The percentage of employed @entity1 (n = 67) who were absent from work because of @entity565 decreased from 60% to 43% (mean difference 17%, 95% CI: 4-30%, P less than 0.04). The @entity1 ' adherence to maintenance drug therapy and their management skills improved significantly. It was concluded that the participation of @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity565 in a structured treatment and teaching programme resulted in a substantial reduction in @entity565 morbidity in the year following the intervention.

title: Evaluation of a structured treatment and teaching programme on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Cytogenetical comparison was made between high seed set restorers TP-4 and D minghui63 and eminent maintainer line D46B of autotetraploid @entity579 . The meiosis observation demonstrated the genomes of our autotetraploid materials were all 2n = 48, the same as those in mitosis observation. Low percentages of univalent and trivalent in @entity196 ( @entity196 ) of restorers TP-4 and D minghui63 and in @entity196 ( @entity196 ) of maintainer line D46B of autotetraploid @entity579 were observed. And the percentages of chromosome pairing were all over 99%, showing eminent cytological character. The frequency of TP-4 and D minghui63 in @entity196 ( @entity196 ) was 2.00/PMC and 2.26/PMC, respectively. However the frequency of D46B was 6.00/PMC, significantly higher than those of TP-4 and D minghui63. It indicated that the maintainer D46B has better chromosome pairing capability in @entity196 ( @entity196 ). While, the frequency of lagging chromosomes of the maintainer D46B in anaphase I (AI) was 10.62%, significantly lower than that of TP-4 (19.44%) or D minghui63 (23.14%), and it was close to the level of diploid control (7.30%). In telophase I (TI), maintainer D46B exhibited a lower frequency of microkernel, and in telophase II (TII) the frequency of normal quartered microspore of maintainer D46B was not only higher than that of TP-4 or D minghui63 but also than that of diploid control. The percentage of the cell observed chromosome lagging in A1 and the percentage of abnormal cell in TI showed a greatly significant positive correlation. That may demonstrate chromo some separation in anaphase I (AI) and microkernel formation in telophase I (TI) are controlled by the same dominant single gene or the major gene of QTL.

title: [Cytogenetical comparison of restorers TP-4 and D minghui63 and maintainer D46B of autotetraploid XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['metaphase I', 'MI']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: Aggrecan is one of the major chondroitin @entity597 proteoglycans (CSPGs) expressed in the central nervous system. The signaling pathways activated downstream of cell interaction with aggrecan and with CSPGs in general and the importance of chondroitin @entity597 -glycosaminoglycan side chains in their inhibition are unclear. Therefore, to analyze the effect of different components of aggrecan in inhibiting neurite growth, neurite outgrowth was quantified in an in vitro model in which @entity1573 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) explants were grown on substrates containing aggrecan bound to hyaluronan and link protein as a macromolecular aggregate, aggrecan monomers, hyaluronan, or ChABC-treated aggrecan. Aggrecan aggregate, aggrecan monomer, and hyaluronan inhibited neurite outgrowth from @entity10490 ( @entity10490 )- and @entity37509 ( @entity37509 )-responsive DRG neurons. Aggrecan inhibition was dependent on its chondroitin @entity597 -glycosaminoglycans, as ChABC digestion alleviated neurite inhibition because of aggrecan. Growth cones displayed full or partial collapse on aggrecan aggregate, hyaluronan, and ChABC-treated aggrecan. Inhibition of Rho kinase (ROCK) with @entity12223 increased neurite growth on some but not all of the aggrecan components tested. With @entity10490 in the culture medium, @entity12223 increased neurite outgrowth on aggrecan aggregate, monomers, and ChABC-treated aggrecan, but not on hyaluronan. The ROCK inhibitor also increased @entity37509 -responsive outgrowth on aggrecan aggregate and hyaluronan, but not on ChABC-treated aggrecan. This study showed that the matrix proteoglycan aggrecan and its components have multiple effects on neurite outgrowth and that some of these effects involve the Rho/ROCK pathway.

title: Aggrecan components differentially modulate @entity10490 -responsive and XXXX -responsive dorsal root ganglion neurite growth.

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity37509 :: (428099(Tax:9031),Gene) :: ['neurotrophin-3']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Reliability and validity study. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the criterion-related validity and reliability of @entity2896 ( @entity2896 ) measurement using extended field-of-view (FOV) techniques during ultrasound imaging (USI) in parous @entity1 . BACKGROUND: Ultrasound imaging is the gold standard for noninvasive @entity2896 measurement in parous @entity1 when investigating diastasis recti; however, its use is limited when @entity2896 is large. Extended FOV techniques (panoramic USI or using acoustic standoff pads) allow complete visualization of the linea alba when the @entity2896 is large and conventional imaging is not sufficient; however, the validity of using these techniques has never been investigated. METHODS: Two-dimensional ultrasound images were acquired at the superior umbilical border from 21 @entity1 using conventional USI, panoramic USI, and a standoff pad. Five images were captured using each method. Inter-rectus distance was measured offline. Criterion-related validity was investigated using repeated-measures analyses of variance to test for bias, and linear regression models, @entity6632 (r), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) to assess agreement. Standard error of the measurement for each extended FOV technique was calculated. The between-trial reliability of each technique was determined using ICCs. RESULTS: Inter-rectus distance from images acquired using extended FOV techniques did not differ from values acquired using conventional USI (P = .441). Images acquired using extended FOV techniques were highly correlated with those acquired using conventional imaging (r>0.95, P<.0001). The standard error of the measurement of each extended FOV technique was 0.17 to 0.18 cm. The between-trial reliability of all techniques was excellent (ICC(3,1)>0.90). CONCLUSION: Panoramic USI and acoustic standoff pads are valid methods of increasing FOV to measure @entity2896 . In this study, USI measurements were limited to IRDs of less than or equal to 3 finger widths, based on palpation.

title: Validity of Inter-rectus Distance Measurement in Postpartum XXXX Using Extended Field-of-View Ultrasound Imaging Techniques.

entities_list: @entity2896 :: ('MESH:D020434', 'Disease') :: ['IRD', 'inter-rectus distance']

entities_list: @entity6632 :: ('MESH:C536353', 'Disease') :: ['Pearson correlation coefficients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the synthesis and degradation of collagen at the transcription level during @entity1575 in @entity95 with @entity2040 japonica. METHODS: @entity95 infected with @entity2042 cercariae were served as animal models of @entity1575 . The liver specimens were collected through operations at 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24 and 28 weeks after @entity281 . Type I collagen, type III collagen, type IV collagen, @entity721 and @entity2502 mRNA levels of liver tissue were detected by RT-PCR plus dot blotting, and the size of egg @entity738 and the degree of @entity1575 were measured by histopathological examinations. RESULTS: Type I collagen, type III collagen, type IV collagen, @entity721 and @entity2502 mRNA levels increased simultaneously in the early stage after the @entity281 , mostly reaching their peaks at 10 weeks after @entity281 . Compared with normal controls, type I collagen, type III collagen, type IV collagen, @entity721 and @entity2502 mRNA levels increased by 12.0-, 11.0-, 6.6-, 10.0- and 11.0-fold, respectively, coinciding with the changes of egg @entity738 . Thereafter, both collagen and collagenase mRNA levels decreased. Types I, III and IV collagen mRNA levels declined to 2-fold to 3-fold compared with normal controls (P < 0.05), while @entity721 and @entity2502 mRNA levels declined to normal level (P > 0.05) at 28 weeks. This study showed that the synthesis and degradation of collagen remained dynamic balance in the early stage of @entity2040 , while in the later stage the metabolism of collagen synthesis was higher than that of collagen degradation. CONCLUSION: It was confirmed at the transcription level that when the metabolism of collagen synthesis was higher than that of collagen degradation in @entity95 with @entity2040 japonica, @entity1575 might be produced.

title: [Studies on synthesis and degradation of collagen at transcription level in XXXX of @entity95 with @entity2040 japonica].

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'New Zealand rabbits']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2042 :: ('6182', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma japonicum']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver fibrosis']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the risk of late @entity548 and its association with the timing and type of anticoagulation use in @entity1 receiving dose-escalated @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) (>= 7,560 cGy) for @entity263 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 2003-2010, 465 @entity1 were treated at our Institution with dose-escalated @entity1161 and included in this analysis. @entity1 were placed into the following categories: no anticoagulation use, @entity117 during @entity1161 , @entity1397 / @entity1229 during @entity1161 , @entity117 after completion of @entity1161 , @entity1397 / @entity1229 after completion of @entity1161 . RESULTS: The overall bleeding rate was 7.5%. For those on @entity117 during @entity1161 , the 4-year freedom from @entity548 (FFBS) rate was 91%, compared to 94.7% for @entity1 who were never on anticoagulation (p=0.16). For those on @entity1229 / @entity1397 during @entity1161 the 4-year FFBS rate was 78.2%, compared to 94.7% in those never on anticoagulation (p<0.001). On multivariate analysis, use of @entity1229 / @entity1397 during radiation treatment were strongly associated with an increased risk of @entity548 (multivariate HR=4.84, 95% CI=1.84-12.68, p=0.001). However, initiation of anticoagulation after completion of radiation treatment did not significantly increase the risk of @entity548 (multivariate HR=0.78, 95% CI=0.21-2.91, p=0.71). CONCLUSION: The use of @entity1397 or @entity1229 during radiation is associated with significantly increased risk of @entity548 . However, initiation of these medications after completion of radiation does not appear to impact such risk.

title: Assessment of risk of late XXXX for @entity1 with @entity263 started on anticoagulation before or after radiation treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['rectal bleeding']


abstract: The composition of peripheral blood leukocyte populations was studied following experimental @entity18723 - @entity281 in 3-week-old piglets. Four of 10 @entity18723 -infected piglets developed clinical and pathological symptoms consistent with @entity22131 ( @entity22131 ) between 14 and 21 days post-inoculation (p.i.), and were characterised as @entity22131 -affected. Only these four @entity22131 -affected piglets, but neither the non-symptomatic infected nor control animals, developed a clear @entity1431 . Kinetic analysis demonstrated a clear loss of both CD21(+) B and CD3(+) T lymphocytes in the @entity22131 -affected piglets. By CD3/ @entity404 / @entity405 triple labelling, the influence of @entity18723 @entity281 on all T cell sub-populations was discernible. A loss of CD3(+) @entity404 (+) @entity405 (+) memory/activated Th lymphocytes was particularly notable. However, all T lymphocyte sub-populations-CD3(+) @entity404 (+) @entity405 (+) memory Th, CD3(+) @entity404 (+) @entity405 (-) nai;ve Th, CD3(+) @entity404 (-) @entity405 (+) Tc and CD3(+) @entity404 (-) @entity405 (-) gammadelta TCR(+) lymphocytes-were susceptible to @entity18723 @entity281 -induced @entity2905 . CD3(-) @entity404 (-) @entity405 (+) NK cells were also depleted in the @entity22131 -affected animals, but granulocytes and monocytes were less affected. In conclusion, @entity18723 @entity281 induces primarily a @entity2905 , but only in animals which subsequently develop @entity22131 . The @entity2905 can be identified early p.i., particularly with the B lymphocytes. Memory/activated Th lymphocytes might be affected more than the other T cell sub-populations, but as time progressed a collapse of both T and B cell populations was clear.

title: Association of XXXX with @entity18723 induced @entity22131 ( @entity22131 ).

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity22131 :: ('MESH:D053570', 'Disease') :: ['PMWS', 'postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity2905 :: (MESH:D008231,Disease) :: ['lymphopenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current study was performed to determine the impact of the presence of @entity3329 on the survival and response to immunotherapy of @entity1 with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed with outcome assessment based on the chart review of demographic, clinical, and pathologic data from 1087 @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity1358 who did not present with metastatic disease, who did not undergo nephrectomy as part of their @entity5 treatment, and those in whom either the lymph node (N) or metastatic (M) status was unknown, were excluded. A total of 322 M1 @entity1 who met these criteria and who underwent nephrectomy for unilateral @entity1358 formed the principal study population. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-six @entity1 presented with N0M1 disease and 86 @entity1 presented with N+M1 disease. In M1 @entity1 , the presence of positive regional lymph nodes was associated with larger sized, higher grade, locally advanced @entity5 that were more commonly associated with sarcomatoid features. N0M1 @entity1 were more likely to achieve an objective response to systemic immunotherapy compared with N+M1 @entity1 (P = 0.01). N+M1 @entity1 overall had worse short-term and long-term survival compared with N0M1 @entity1 , with a median survival of 10.5 months compared with 20.4 months, respectively. The median survival of N0M1 @entity1 was improved to 28 months in those who received adjunctive immunotherapy (P = 0.0008), whereas the median survival of @entity1 with N+M1 disease was the same in those treated with and those treated without adjunctive immunotherapy (P = 0.18). CONCLUSIONS: Even in the modern era of systemic immunotherapy, the presence of regional @entity3329 exerts a detrimental effect on the survival of @entity1 with metastatic @entity1358 . Lymph node status is a strong predictor of the failure to achieve either an objective immunotherapy response or an improvement in survival when immunotherapy is given as an adjunctive treatment after cytoreductive nephrectomy. However, in multivariate analysis, including both clinical and pathologic variables, lymph node status was found to have less of an impact on survival than @entity5 stage and grade and @entity1 performance status.

title: XXXX with retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Impact on survival and benefits of immunotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy', 'lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['RCC', 'metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'cancer', 'primary tumor']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the changing pattern of clinical features and microbiology of contact lens-associated microbial @entity1036 in Hong Kong. METHODS: This is a retrospective observational case series of @entity1 diagnosed with contact lens-associated microbial @entity1036 between July 2004 and April 2005 and between July 2005 and April 2006. @entity1 who wore contact lenses solely for the correction of @entity2516 and who were seen at Queen Mary Hospital were included in the study. The clinical characteristics, microbiology, and visual outcomes were compared. RESULTS: There were 14 cases between July 2004 and April 2005. Most cases had an @entity75 (eight) or @entity75 (four). Corneal scrapings were positive in seven (50%) @entity1 , among whom six showed @entity796 and one showed @entity5134 as the pathogens. Contact lens storage cases yielded polymicrobial growth in two cases. For the more recent cohort, Fusarium species had been identified as the dominant pathogen, and most (60%) contact lens storage cases showed polymicrobial growth. CONCLUSIONS: There has been an increased number of cases of contact lens-associated @entity364 recently. Fusarium species and polymicrobial growth are becoming more dominant.

title: Recent pattern of contact lens-related XXXX in Hong Kong.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5134 :: ('615', 'Species') :: ['Serratia marcescens']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['paraxial lesions', 'axial lesion']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal keratitis']

answer: @entity1036 :: (MESH:D007634,Disease) :: ['keratitis']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Although soluble nonionic @entity1496 compounds with low systemic toxic effects have been developed for use in computed tomography (CT), they have short residence times of a few minutes or mere seconds-insufficient time for blood pool imaging, even with high-speed multi-detector row spiral CT. Moreover, potential renal toxic effects preclude repeated administration of these contrast agents during imaging, as well as their use in @entity1 with compromised renal function. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a CT contrast agent for blood pool imaging that remains in the blood for more than 3 hours and that is relatively nontoxic to the kidneys. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors assessed a liposomal @entity6111 formulation for its encapsulation efficiency in terms of milligrams of @entity1496 per milliliter of lipid formulation and for its stability in @entity1391 buffer solution and in @entity1 plasma in vitro. Using a @entity95 model, they also assessed the formulation's in vivo stability, residence time, and enhancement of contrast on images of various organ systems. RESULTS: The formulation, which contained 34.8 mg of @entity1496 per milliliter of liposomal @entity6111 solution, remained stable in blood plasma both in vitro and in vivo, after injection into @entity95 vasculature. An intravenous dose of 475 mg of @entity1496 per kilogram of body weight produced contrast enhancement in the @entity95 model of approximately 130 @entity9538 . Contrast enhancement was maintained for 3 hours after injection, and minimal clearance of the contrast agent via the kidneys was observed. CONCLUSION: The liposomal @entity6111 formulation tested in this study had a sufficient residence time for blood pool imaging in a @entity95 model. Future experiments with long-residence-time @entity6111 formulations may lead eventually to applications in cardiac imaging and in early @entity5 detection.

title: Long-residence-time nano-scale liposomal XXXX for X-ray-based blood pool imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity9538 :: ('MESH:D007673', 'Disease') :: ['HU in the aorta and liver cortex and approximately 100 HU in the kidney cortex']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity6111 :: (MESH:D007472,Chemical) :: ['iohexol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Preclinical @entity189 models suggest activity of @entity8947 , an oral SRC-family kinase (SFK) inhibitor. We sought to determine the feasibility and biologic activity of neoadjuvant @entity8947 (Neo-D) in @entity1 with muscle-invasive @entity189 of the bladder (miUCB) preceding radical cystectomy (RC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective multisite phase II trial was conducted. Key eligibility criteria included: resectable miUCB (T2-T4a, N0, M0), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 to 1. @entity1 received oral Neo-D 100mg once daily for 28  7 days followed by RC 8 to 24 hours after the last dose. The primary end point was feasibility, defined as>= 60% of @entity1 with miUCB completing therapy without treatment-related dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT). Pre- and posttreatment @entity5 immunohistochemistry of phosphorylated SFK (pSFK), Ki-67, and cleaved @entity26634 results were analyzed by paired t test. RESULTS: The study completed full accrual with enrollment of 25 @entity1 of whom 23 were evaluable for feasibility. The study achieved its primary end point with 15 @entity1 (65%) completing therapy without treatment-related DLTs. DLTs included: fatigue (n = 2), @entity1151 , @entity490 , @entity4710 , enteric @entity292 , @entity811 , and @entity1353 (n = 1 each). At RC, 5 @entity1 (23%) had<pT2 disease. Analysis of pre- and posttreatment tumors demonstrated significantly decreased pSFK (P = 0.003) but no overall significant changes in Ki-67 or @entity26634 . In total, 4 cases demonstrated a nonsignificant decrease in Ki-67, of which 3 cases also demonstrated a decrease in pSFK and 2 cases had marginal increase in @entity26634 . CONCLUSIONS: Neo-D in miUCB @entity1 was feasible and safe. Overall, significant inhibition of pSFK was observed without overall reduction of cellular proliferation or increase of apoptosis, although biologic anti- @entity5 activity may exist in a small subset of @entity1 . These results highlight the potential utility of the neoadjuvant trial paradigm and suggest that clinical benefit of single-agent SFK inhibition in unselected @entity1 with miUCB is unlikely.

title: Neoadjuvant XXXX for muscle-invasive bladder cancer with tissue analysis of biologic activity.

entities_list: @entity8947 :: ('MESH:C488369', 'Chemical') :: ['dasatinib']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity8947 :: (MESH:C488369,Chemical) :: ['dasatinib']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the effect of intravitreal injections of bevacizumab for myopic @entity1940 (myopic @entity471 ) that was refractory to or recurred after @entity34 ( @entity34 ). METHODS: Sixteen eyes of 16 consecutive @entity1 with myopic CNVs that were refractory to or had recurred after @entity34 were studied. The @entity1 were divided into two groups; group 1 consisted of six @entity1 whose @entity471 recurred after being closed by @entity34 , and group 2 consisted of ten @entity1 whose @entity471 did not respond to an earlier treatment. All of the eyes were injected intravitreally with 1.25 mg bevacizumab. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and @entity941 angiograms (FA) were assessed in both groups. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 15.1 +/- 3.6 months. @entity1 received a mean of 1.8 +/- 0.8 injections. The mean BCVA in the 16 @entity1 at the final visit was significantly improved over that before the injection. Dye leakage had disappeared in 83.3% of group 1, and in all of the eyes of group 2 at the final visit. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal bevacizumab is effective for myopic CNVs that were either refractory to @entity34 or had recurred after being regressed by @entity34 .

title: Intravitreal bevacizumab on myopic XXXX that was refractory to or had recurred after @entity34 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['photodynamic therapy', 'PDT']

answer: @entity1940 :: (MESH:D020256,Disease) :: ['choroidal neovascularization']


abstract: Early @entity751 in the @entity1 is the result of a @entity75 which usually occurs in pregnancy, during delivery or immediately post partum. In the majority of cases the symptoms are biological, normally of a neurologic character, and serve to underpin the diagnosis. They mainly comprise @entity1155 , linguistic disorders and malregulation of central nervous functions. From the psychic viewpoint both @entity132 are observable. Intellectually the disorders are chiefly of attention, perception and concentration, and in most cases lead to seriously impaired school performance. They are accompanied by an ideation which is frequently retarded and exhibits a tendency to perseveration. The psychoorganic @entity1 's affectivity is marked by pathologic lability, increased @entity146 and imperfect control of impulse and emotion. Secondary infantilism is nearly always observable. In very many cases reactive, and notably neurotic, disorders are superimposed on the psychoorganic substratum. There are thus a wide variety of clinical pictures. A broad spectrum of therapeutic resources is available, covering education, drugs and psychotherapy of superimposed @entity2166 .

title: [Psychiatry of minimal, early-childhood XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual and emotional disturbances']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse cerebral lesion']

entities_list: @entity2166 :: ('MESH:D000275', 'Disease') :: ['reactive disorders']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['psychoorganic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor disturbances']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain damage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Class III intermaxillary functional orthopedic force on the remodeling of pubescent @entity2608 ' @entity1348 for different lengths of time. METHODS: Six pubescent @entity2608 were divided into test group and control group. Monkeys in the test group wore TMAIII while the control group did not. Cephalometric technology and CT scanning were employed in this study. RESULTS: 1. Compared with the control groups, the cephalometric results showed that the relationship of the occlusion changed in the test groups. The growth of the maxilla was promoted and the development of the mandible was inhibited, but the mandibular length was not decreased. 2. Compared with the control groups, CT scanning results showed that the posterior space of @entity1348 in the test group narrowed and the anterior space widened. There was a statistical difference between the test group and the control group(P < 0.01), but no difference within the test group. CONCLUSION: Under Class III Orthopedic therapy, the occlusion relation was changed. The growth of maxilla was promoted and the development of mandible was inhibited. The posterior space of @entity1348 narrowed and the anterior space widened in test group.

title: [The effect of Class III intermaxillary functional orthopedic force on the remodeling of pubescent XXXX ' temporomandibular joint: an radiographic study].

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['Rhesus monkeys']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkeys']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical variables associated with 30-day mortality after @entity2 surgery are well known. However, the effects of nonclinical factors, including insurance coverage, household income, education, type of treatment center, and area of residence, on short-term survival are less appreciated. We studied the National @entity5 Data Base, a joint endeavor of the Commission on @entity5 of the American College of Surgeons and the American @entity5 Society, to identify disparities in 30-day mortality after @entity2 resection based on these nonclinical factors. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of @entity1 undergoing @entity2 resection from 2003 to 2011 using the National @entity5 Data Base. Data were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model to identify risk factors for 30-day mortality. RESULTS: During our study period, 215,645 @entity1 underwent @entity2 resection. We found that clinical variables, such as age, sex, comorbidity, @entity5 stage, preoperative radiation, extent of resection, positive surgical margins, and @entity5 size were associated with 30-day mortality after resection. Nonclinical factors, including living in @entity7881 with a lesser proportion of high school graduates, and receiving @entity5 care at a nonacademic medical center were also independently associated with increased 30-day postoperative mortality. CONCLUSIONS: This study represents the largest analysis of 30-day mortality for @entity2 resection to date from a generalizable national cohort. Our results demonstrate that, in addition to known clinical risk factors, several nonclinical factors are associated with increased 30-day mortality after @entity2 resection. These disparities require additional investigation to improve @entity2 @entity1 outcomes.

title: Nonclinical Factors Associated with 30-Day Mortality after Lung @entity5 Resection: An  Analysis of 215,000 @entity1 Using the National  XXXX Data Base.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7881 :: ('MESH:C563621', 'Disease') :: ['lower-income neighborhoods']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: An epidemic pattern has been reported for GCA and PMR. Immunological studies have shown that an unknown antigen activates the dendritic cells of the adventitia and the type 4 toll-like receptors. @entity1904 (PCT) is an early marker of @entity2348 . The goal of the study was to assess the level of PCT in GCA and PMR at the onset of the disease. METHODS: @entity1 diagnosed during the 2002-06 period were randomly selected. All the 46 @entity1 fulfilled the ACR or the Hunder criteria, and all blood samples were taken before @entity134 therapy. RESULTS: PCT was normal in all @entity1 . PCT was slightly increased in @entity1 (0.087 +/- 0.023 microg/l) compared with @entity1 (0.066 +/- 0.027 microg/l) (P = 0.009), and in PMR (0.092 +/- 0.027 microg/l) compared with GCA (0.068 +/- 0.026 microg/l) (P = 0.018). There was no significant correlation with @entity32 markers. CONCLUSIONS: These results are not in favour of a bacterial trigger for GCA or PMR. Increased PCT levels in @entity1 with inflammatory syndrome, @entity1109 and negative temporal artery biopsy may rule out the diagnosis of GCA and PMR.

title: XXXX at the onset of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica: the GRACG prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['Procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['GCA-PMR symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity1904 :: (MESH:C029100,Chemical) :: ['Procalcitonin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To set up a @entity21651 multidrug resistant model of @entity96 in @entity19 by intermittent abdominal chemotherapy. METHODS: The @entity157 cell line HepG2 was first cultured, then subcutaneous @entity189 was produced to form the @entity5 donor @entity19 . An orthotopic @entity21651 @entity157 was produced by implanting the @entity5 fragment subserosally to the @entity19 liver, and intermittent chemotherapy with @entity1259 given to induce drug resistance. Physical examination, ultrasonography, spiral CT and laparotomy were used to examine the growth of the @entity5 . RT-PCR and SP method by the monoclonal antibody JSB-1 were adoped to detect the expression of @entity21651 -mRNA and @entity679 protein. RESULTS: There was no mortality. The successful rate of @entity5 implantation is 88% (22/25), the successful rate of supplementary implantation was 100% (3/3), and the successful rate of induction of drug resistance was 80% (16/20). The expressions of @entity21651 -mRNA and @entity679 in the @entity1259 group were 23 folds and 13 folds of the control group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity19 @entity21651 multidrug resistant model of @entity96 were set up successfully, with its features similar to clinical cases. It would be helpful for the further study of the diagnosis and reversal strategy of the MDR phenomenon.

title: [To set up a mdrl multidrug resistant model of @entity96 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['orthotopic transplantation of liver carcinoma', 'orthotopic liver carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['Pharmorubicin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity137 with @entity1712 and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a rare and severe adverse drug reaction. Large detailed studies of histopathological features of DRESS are sparse and suggest an association between keratinocyte damage and the severity of visceral involvement. OBJECTIVES: To describe the dermatopathological features in a large series of DRESS and their possible association with clinical features and the severity of the disease. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the clinicobiological and dermatopathological features in a monocentric cohort of @entity1 with DRESS. RESULTS: From January 2005 to January 2013, 45 @entity1 were validated as probable or definite cases of DRESS. The median age was 64  years (range 3-87). The most frequent clinical and biological features included: fever >= 38.5  C (95%), facial @entity4 (72%), enlarged lymph nodes (51%), visceral involvement (75%), blood @entity1712 (97%) and atypical lymphocytes (82%). Severe DRESS occurred in 24% and a fatal outcome in 6% of @entity1 . Histopathological analysis showed that no specific histopathological pattern was characteristic for DRESS. However, several changes in different cutaneous compartments were observed in 2 of 3 of cases. Spongiosis (55%) and keratinocyte damage (53%) were the most common epidermal changes. Spongiosis was associated with non-severe DRESS (P  =  0.041) whereas confluent keratinocyte @entity39 correlated with severe DRESS (P  =  0.011). Vascular changes were frequent (88%). A moderate dermal perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate was invariably present, containing eosinophils, neutrophils and/or atypical lymphocytes in 57% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Epidermal changes are indicative for the severity of DRESS.

title: @entity137 with XXXX and systemic symptoms (DRESS): clinicopathological study of 45 cases.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Drug reaction']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['eosinophilia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8482 is a condition existing at birth, seen in different diseases that have in common the existence of multiple joint @entity2693 . The clinical presentation is diversified and the functional prognosis depends on the etiology, which makes therapeutic options different from one case to another. The objective of this study was to describe clinical manifestations observed in arthrogrypotic @entity1 and show the different therapeutic methods and functional results. METHODS: This was a retrospective study over a period of 12 years from 2000 to 2012, based on clinical examinations of 23 @entity1 with @entity8482 . RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 6.6 years. The four limbs were involved in 19 cases and only the lower limbs in four cases. The etiology was amyoplasia in nine @entity1 , @entity8482 in three, @entity1897 in two, and @entity2057 in one infantile @entity1 . @entity5109 were observed in 22 cases, with 25 talipes @entity85 ( @entity5149 ), six convex feet, and five valgus feet. The Ponseti method was applied in 12 clubfeet with recurrence in eight cases. The other clubfeet had functional treatment and necessitated surgical release in 11 cases. Deformation of the knee was seen in 15 @entity1 , flessum in 16 knees, restriction of flexion in eight cases, genu recurvatum in three, @entity2693 in extension in two, and agenesis of the patella in one case. Surgical treatment was carried out in only one case. Other cases of @entity85 were treated by rehabilitation with slight improvement. Deformation of the hip was seen in 15 @entity1 , with 16 hips dislocated and four hips in flessum. The @entity572 was treated orthopaedically in two cases and surgically in six cases, with reduction in all cases but persistence of @entity2693 . Involvement of the shoulders was observed in eight cases, the elbow in seven cases, the wrist in ten cases, and the fingers in 16 cases. The treatment was based on physical therapy and orthotics in all cases, and improvement was better in the wrist and fingers. CONCLUSION: @entity8482 has different clinical presentations. Successful treatment is not constant. Multidisciplinary care is necessary and should be early and continued in order to gain the maximum autonomy and facilitate @entity1 ' social integration.

title: [ XXXX : Clinical manifestations and management].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['Foot deformities']

entities_list: @entity8482 :: ('MESH:D001176', 'Disease') :: ['Arthrogryposis', 'distal arthrogryposis', 'arthrogryposis']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['dislocation of the hip']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['equinovarus deformities', 'deformity of the knee']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity8482 :: (MESH:D001176,Disease) :: ['Arthrogryposis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a surgical intervention used following traumatic @entity1545 to prevent or alleviate raised intracranial pressure. However the clinical effectiveness of the intervention remains in doubt. The location of the craniectomy (unilateral or bifrontal) might be expected to change the @entity75 associated with the operation and hence the clinical outcome. As existing methods for assessing @entity75 have several limitations, we sought to develop and validate a new improved method. METHODS: Computed tomography (CT) scans were taken from 27 @entity1 who underwent DC (17 bifrontal @entity1 and 10 unilateral @entity1 ). Pre-operative and post-operative images were processed and registered to determine the change in brain position associated with the operation. The maximum deformation in the herniated brain, the change in volume and estimates of the craniectomy area were determined from the images. Statistical comparison was made using the Pearson's correlation coefficient r and a Welch's two-tailed T-test, with statistical significance reported at the 5% level. RESULTS: There was a reasonable correlation between the volume increase and the maximum brain displacement (r=0.64), a low correlation between the volume increase and the craniectomy area (r=0.30) and no correlation between the maximum displacement and the craniectomy area (r=-0.01). The maximum deformation was significantly lower (P =0.023) in the bifrontal @entity1 (mean=22.5 mm) compared with the unilateral @entity1 (mean=29.8 mm). @entity3976 volume was significantly lower (P=0.023) in bifrontal (mean=50.0 ml) than unilateral @entity1 (mean=107.3 ml). Craniectomy area was not significantly different for the two craniectomy locations (P=0.29). CONCLUSIONS: A method has been developed to quantify changes in @entity75 due to decompressive craniectomy from CT images and allow comparison between different craniectomy locations. Measured displacement is a reasonable way to characterise volume changes.

title: A new improved method for assessing XXXX after decompressive craniectomy.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain deformation']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['Herniation']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain deformation']


abstract: Cruzipain, the major @entity462 proteinase of @entity1527 , might have other biological roles than its metabolic functions. In this report, we have explored the interaction of cruzipain with molecules of the immune system. The enzyme was used to digest all human IgG subclasses at different pH values and lengths of time. At pH 7.3, all subclasses were readily split at the hinge region. Immunoblot and @entity535 sequence analysis showed fragments of IgG1 and IgG3 to be compatible with Fab and Fc, whereas IgG2 and IgG4 rendered Fab2 and Fc. In all cases the fragments produced might impair the binding capacities and the effector functions of specific IgG. At these cleavage sites @entity17830 and/or cathepsin B activities and shows a clear preference for Pro at the P'2 position and polar residues at P1. Despite the activity of cruzipain within the hinge, the enzyme also cleaved all heavy chains between the @entity845 and @entity5498 domains; producing Fc'-like-fragments of 14 kDa. These fragments are potential candidates to block or saturate Fc receptors on immunocompetent cells. At mild acidic pH cruzipain produced further degradation of the Fc of all subclasses, the Fd of IgG4 and partially the Fd of IgG1, with the consistent loss of any antibody activity. The L chains apparently were not affected. Thus, cruzipain should be able to modulate, depending on the subclass selected and the pH of the environment, the production and the length of different biologically active/inactive IgG fragments.

title: Specific cleavage sites on human IgG subclasses by cruzipain, the major XXXX proteinase from @entity1527 .

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity17830 :: ('MESH:C536411', 'Disease') :: ['cruzipain displays cathepsin L']

answer: @entity462 :: (MESH:D003545,Chemical) :: ['cysteine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The protein polymorphism of the GH receptor caused by genomic deletion of exon 3 (d3) has been linked to the magnitude of the first-year-growth response to GH in @entity1 with @entity2689 . Here, we studied the long-term effect of GH therapy in @entity2689 in correlation to this polymorphism. DESIGN: The study was mainly retrospective. @entity1 : The @entity1 with @entity2689 (n = 48) had been treated with GH over the past 18 years at our hospital. The mean GH dose used was 38 microg/kg/day (SD 8). MEASUREMENTS: The @entity9045 -exon 3 locus was genotyped using a PCR multiplex assay for both alleles and a second PCR assay for the full length (fl) allele only. RESULTS: The fl/fl, d3/fl and d3/d3 genotypes were present in 24, 17 and 7 @entity1 , respectively. Mean Turner height standard deviation scores ( @entity214 ) at start of therapy was 0.09 (1.09), mean age was 9.1 years (3). Age, height, target height, age at start of puberty and mode of GH therapy were not different between the groups. @entity1017 in height (difference between final adult height and initial height) was significantly higher in the d3/d3 group [+1.84 @entity214 (0.31)] than in the fl/fl group [+0.72 @entity214 (0.92)] and in the d3/fl group [+0.83 @entity214 (0.93)] (P < 0.001). A covariance analysis confirmed the effect of the polymorphism. Mean BMI @entity214 at the start and end of therapy was low in the d3/d3 group and significantly lower than in the fl/fl group (P < 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that homozygosity for the d3- @entity9045 polymorphism is associated with a unique GH responsiveness and a weight regulation towards a lower BMI in @entity1 with @entity2689 .

title: Homozygosity of the d3-growth hormone receptor polymorphism is associated with a high total effect of GH on growth and a low BMI in XXXX with @entity2689 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['Turner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['Total gain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girls']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mammogram-directed wire localization for nonpalpable @entity5 requires surgeon's time and coordination and some @entity1 discomfort. Up to half of these nonpalpable lesions can be visualized by ultrasound. Use of intraoperative ultrasound streamlines the process of image-guided surgery. METHODS: We prospectively visualized 69 nonpalpable @entity0 between January 1998 and July 2001. Ultrasound localization was performed in the operating room immediately before definitive surgery. @entity0 were localized using either blue dye or a guide wire. RESULTS: Ultrasound correctly localized all lesions at surgery. Negative margins for @entity189 were found in 97% (67 of 69) of @entity1 . Re-excisions were performed in only 6% (4 of 69) of @entity1 . Overall negative margins were found in 90% (62 of 69) of @entity1 . Most positive margins (71%) were due to the presence of noncalcified @entity513 in situ. Mastectomy was necessary in 4% of @entity1 , usually due to multifocal @entity189 . CONCLUSIONS: Increased familiarity with ultrasound has allowed the surgeon to localize @entity0 in the operating room, improving the process of image-guided surgery. Ultrasound localization is accurate, time efficient, technically feasible, and easier for the @entity1 . The re-excision rate is very low and is similar to that for mammographic localization. Intraoperative ultrasound localization should be considered whenever a @entity0 needs image-guided excision.

title: Intraoperative ultrasound facilitates surgery for early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancers', 'breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: We have found the short-term @entity98 assay to be a simple, reproducible chemosensitivity technique, suitable for use throughout the time course of disease. We now have 12 years' experience of using this method in a variety of @entity5 types, both haematological and solid @entity5 . @entity5 cells are isolated from bone marrow, malignant effusions or solid biopsies and subjected to drug exposure for 48-96 h. Cell survival is measured by re-incubation in @entity98 for 4 h. We have found a significant correlation of in vitro results with in vivo outcome for @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and for @entity43 (both p < 0.0001) with an assay sensitivity of 98% for @entity3052 and 81% for @entity43 . Furthermore, the 5-year survival of @entity43 @entity1 treated with a drug found sensitive in vitro is significantly higher than that for @entity1 treated with a drug found resistant in vitro (p = 0.033). We have correlated assay results with drug resistance markers. For example, expression of the newly described half transporter @entity28671 is related to @entity5699 resistance (p < 0.05). The @entity98 assay is also suitable for screening for modulation of drug resistance. We have found that the DNA polymerase inhibitor aphidicolin markedly increases in vitro sensitivity to the @entity902 drugs in @entity43 and @entity2592 in @entity3052 in the majority of @entity1 . The greatest effect was seen for @entity1 deemed resistant in vitro to these agents. We have identified novel drug combinations which demonstrate significant synergism using this methodology and have also used it to study the emergence of drug resistance in cell line models with a view to its prevention. In conclusion, we have found the @entity98 assay to be a simple, repeatable, adaptable technique which produces accurate information to help the clinician select suitable treatment for individual cases.

title: The use of the @entity98 assay to study drug resistance in fresh XXXX samples.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'malignancies', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiology, morbidity, and mortality of new or progressive @entity881 in @entity1 with @entity295 . DESIGN: Secondary analysis of a prospective, cross-sectional, point prevalence study. SETTING: International, multicenter PICUs. @entity1 : Pediatric @entity1 with @entity295 identified on five separate days over a 1-year period. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of 567 @entity1 from 128 PICUs in 26 countries enrolled, 384 (68%) developed @entity881 within 7 days of @entity295 recognition. Three hundred twenty-seven had @entity881 on the day of @entity295 recognition. Ninety-one of these @entity1 developed progressive @entity881 , whereas an additional 57 @entity1 subsequently developed new @entity881 , yielding a total proportion with @entity295 -associated new or progressive @entity881 of 26%. Hospital mortality in @entity1 with progressive @entity881 was 51% compared with @entity1 with new @entity881 (28%) and those with @entity881 without @entity881 (10%) (p < 0.001). Survivors of new or progressive @entity881 also had a higher frequency of moderate to severe disability defined as a Pediatric Overall Performance Category score of greater than or equal to 3 and an increase of greater than or equal to 1 from baseline: 22% versus 29% versus 11% for progressive, new, and no @entity881 , respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Development of new or progressive @entity881 is common (26%) in @entity295 and is associated with a higher risk of morbidity and mortality than @entity295 without new or progressive @entity881 . Our data support the use of new or progressive @entity881 as an important outcome in trials of pediatric @entity295 although efforts are needed to validate whether reducing new or progressive @entity881 leads to improvements in more definitive morbidity and mortality endpoints.

title: New or Progressive Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome in XXXX : A @entity295 Phenotype With Higher Morbidity and Mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'severe sepsis']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ dysfunction syndrome', 'single-organ dysfunction']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Severe Sepsis']


abstract: @entity172 's suggested cardio-protective effects have come into question following the results of recent clinical trials. Two major components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that are modulated by @entity172 are angiotensin converting enzyme, and the @entity11154 . Further research has revealed several new components of the RAS, including angiotensin converting enzyme 2, its peptide product angiotensin 1-7 ( @entity10340 -7), and that peptide's receptor, Mas. These components appear to oppose the classical effects of the RAS, and may act to buffer the RAS in vivo. Recent work has shown that during pregnancy, when @entity53 levels are elevated, renal and urinary @entity10340 -7 are greatly increased. This study examined the effects of @entity53 on the efficacy of @entity10340 -7 in the @entity35 aorta. Female @entity35 were ovariectomized and a subgroup was chronically treated with subcutaneous pellets of @entity53 for 3 weeks. Thoracic aortas were harvested for assessment of in vitro vascular reactivity to @entity10340 -7. The results demonstrated that increased @entity53 exposure attenuated the relaxation response to @entity10340 -7 in a dose-dependent manner. These findings are in contrast to recent work showing potentiated responses to @entity10340 -7 in mesenteric arteries from @entity172 -manipulated @entity35 , and may suggest a regional specificity in @entity53 -mediated changes in the RAS.

title: Alterations in aortic vascular reactivity to angiotensin 1-7 in XXXX -treated female SD @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity11154 :: ('81638(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 receptor']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['17-beta-estradiol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a rare syndrome affecting @entity1 , and to urge pediatricians to consider this diagnosis when investigating idiopathic @entity221 in neonates. METHODS: We report a case of @entity2321 in a 10 day old newborn in the neonatal intensive care unit at Hospital Geral de Caxias do Sul. The @entity1 presented recurrent episodes of @entity221 since the first days of life. RESULTS: The @entity1 presented dry mucus, dry skin, and @entity221 . Skin biopsy was performed in the childacute;s back. Absence of sweat and sebaceous glands as well as @entity509 of follicular structures were identified. The @entity1 is receiving adequate treatment, and is being followed as an outpatient. CONCLUSION: @entity2321 is a @entity395 that must be considered when investigating newborns with recurrent episodes of @entity221 . During the neonatal period, the clinical manifestations of the disease are subtle and unspecific. Such findings become more visible after a few months of life. There is no definitive treatment for this syndrome.

title: [ XXXX in the neonatal period - case report]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity2321 :: ('MESH:D004476', 'Disease') :: ['Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia syndrome', 'anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia syndrome']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

answer: @entity2321 :: (MESH:D004476,Disease) :: ['Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia syndrome']


abstract: @entity146 in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) are prevalent, however their relationship with patterns of @entity194 is not fully known. Objectives To compare @entity194 's patterns between @entity195 @entity1 and healthy controls; to verify correlations between @entity146 and @entity194 . Method 33 @entity195 @entity1 were examined by Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). @entity1 and 29 controls underwent a 3T MRI scanning. We considered four NPI syndromes: affective, apathy, @entity2915 and @entity716 . Correlations between structural imaging and neuropsychiatric scores were performed by Freesurfer. Results were significant with a p-value < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons. Results @entity1 exhibited @entity194 in entorhinal cortices, left inferior and middle temporal gyri, and precuneus bilaterally. There was correlation between @entity1316 and @entity121 in @entity75 , insula and temporal pole. Conclusion Cortical thickness measures revealed @entity194 in mild @entity195 . @entity308 and @entity148 symptoms were associated with @entity194 of right frontal, temporal and insular cortices.

title: Cortical correlates of @entity1316 in dementia due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropsychiatric symptoms', 'neuropsychiatric syndromes']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['right frontal structures']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cortical atrophy', 'atrophy']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['cortical thickness']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Undifferentiated @entity625 (UA) is an inflammatory oligo/ @entity625 where no definite diagnosis can be reached. @entity1 with UA may progress towards a chronic inflammatory disease, however, in some cases @entity625 may completely resolve. To date, a universally accepted diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for UA is not available. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 192 @entity1 with UA followed by us over the last 10 years in the early @entity625 clinic of our institution. RESULTS: A total of 192 @entity1 , 91 @entity1 (47.4%) and 101 @entity1 (52.6%), with mean age 57.9  17.8 years, were included in the study. Eighty-four @entity1 (43.7%) presented with acute/subacute mono-/pauci- @entity625 , 56 @entity1 (29.2%) with chronic mono-/pauci @entity625 , 42 @entity1 (21.9%) with acute @entity625 and 10 (5.2%) with chronic @entity625 . From the total of 192 @entity1 , 102 are currently followed. Current diagnosis at the time of this report included: @entity309 in 18 (17.6%) @entity1 , self-limiting @entity625 in 35 (34.4%), undifferentiated/unclassified @entity625 in 45 (44.1%), @entity5145 in 3 (2.9%), and crystal-induced @entity625 in one (1%). The time between the initial evaluation and the definitive diagnosis of @entity309 ranged between 6 and 15 months. Seropositivity (RF and/or @entity7134 ) and disease duration were strong predictors of developing @entity309 in our cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that seropositive @entity1 with chronic symptoms carry an increased risk of developing @entity309 , and that these @entity1 may be candidates for a more aggressive treatment.

title: Evolution of undifferentiated @entity625 : a ten-year experience from the early XXXX clinic of a tertiary care hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['spondyloarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 404 Background: Cell cycle regulatory molecules are implicated in various stages of @entity105 . In this study we systematically evaluate the impact of aberrant expression of cell cycle regulators on oncological outcomes in @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). METHODS: After obtaining IRB approval, immunohistochemistry for Cyclin D, Cyclin E, @entity986 , @entity3544 , @entity5438 , @entity876 , @entity8755 , and Ki-67 was performed on tissue microarray constructs of @entity1 treated with radical or partial nephrectomy for @entity1358 between 1997-2010. Comprehensive clinical and pathologic data elements were collected. A prognostic @entity2100 ( @entity2100 ) was defined as favorable if <= 4 biomarkers were altered; unfavorable if >4 biomarkers were altered. The relationship between @entity2100 and aggressive pathological features and oncological outcomes was evaluated. RESULTS: The study included 452 @entity1 , 277 males (61%). Median age was of 57 years (range, 17-85) and median follow up of 20 months (range, 0-150). The @entity5 demonstrated extrarenal extension (pT3-T4) in 120 (27%) @entity1 and advanced grade (G 3/4) in 169 (37%). Regional nodal involvement and systemic @entity3 at the time of nephrectomy was present in 22 (5%) and 51(11%) @entity1 , respectively. Unfavorable @entity2100 was found in 80 (18%) @entity1 and was associated with distant and nodal @entity3 , advanced T stage, advanced grade, @entity5 necrosis, @entity3 , fat invasion, adrenal involvement, and presence of @entity1211 (p < .05). A statistically significant correlation between unfavorable @entity2100 and disease recurrence (HR 6.5 and p = 0.01) and a correlation approaching significance with @entity5 specific mortality (HR 3.4 and p = 0.06) was demonstrated in Kaplan Meier survival analysis. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, unfavorable @entity2100 was an independent predictor of disease recurrence (HR 2.268, CI 1.00-5.12 p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS: The cumulative number of aberrantly expressed cell cycle biomarkers correlates with aggressive pathological features and inferior oncologic outcomes. Our findings support prospective pathway-based exploration of biomarkers to augment current clinico-pathologic predictors of oncologic outcomes in @entity1358 .

title: Prognostic role of cell cycle-related biomarkers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell renal carcinoma', 'ccRCC']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['marker score', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases', 'sarcomatoid differentiation, lymphovascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombus']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['clear cell renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prompt administration of antibiotics, adjunctive @entity479 therapy, and optimization of antibiotic delivery to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are factors associated with improved outcome of @entity1 hospitalized for acute @entity4008 (ABM). However, the impact of a bundle of these procedures has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To assess mortality and @entity16 at hospital discharge in a cohort of @entity1 with ABM managed according to a predefined bundle. METHODS: Prospective study of all the @entity1 hospitalized for ABM in two provinces of Northern Italy, over two consecutive periods (2005-2009, 2010-2013). The bundle included: i) supportive care if needed; ii) immediate administration of @entity619 and 3rd generation @entity8509 ; and iii) addition of @entity5553 if turbid CSF. @entity1 managed according to the bundle were compared with a historical group of @entity1 cared for ABM before the bundle was implemented. RESULTS: Overall, 85 @entity1 with ABM were managed according to the bundle and were compared with 92 historical controls. In-hospital mortality rates for bundle and control group were 4.7% and 14.1% (p=.04). Among survivors, 13.5% and 18.9% (p=.4) of bundle and control-group @entity1 presented @entity16 . The only variable associated with mortality at multivariate analysis was ICU admission (HR 3.65). After adjusting for ICU admission, @entity1 managed according with the ABM bundle had significantly lower mortality rate compared to historical controls. CONCLUSIONS: Use of a bundled protocol and antibiotics with excellent CSF penetration for the initial management of ABM in emergency department is feasible and associated with significant reduction in mortality.

title: Implementation of a Meningitis Care Bundle in the Emergency Room Reduces Mortality Associated With Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological sequelae']

entities_list: @entity5553 :: ('D064704', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity8509 :: ('D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

answer: @entity4008 :: (MESH:D016920,Disease) :: ['Bacterial Meningitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: "Hospital crossover" occurs when @entity1 visit multiple hospitals for care, which may cause gaps in electronic health records. Although crossover is common among @entity1 with @entity302 , the effect on subsequent use of health services is unknown. Understanding this effect will help prioritize health care delivery innovations targeted for this population. METHODS: We collected de-identified information from a health information exchange network describing 7,836 @entity1 with @entity302 who visited any of seven hospitals in New York, NY from 2009-2012. Data included demographics, comorbidities, and 2  years of visit information from ambulatory, inpatient, @entity341 ( @entity341 ), and radiology settings. We performed two complementary retrospective cohort analyses, in order to (1) illustrate the effect on a carefully selected subgroup, and (2) confirm the effect across the study population. First, we performed a matched cohort analysis on 410 pairs of individuals with and without hospital crossover in the baseline year. Second, we performed a propensity score odds weighted ordinal logistic regression analysis to estimate the effect across all 7,836 individuals. The outcomes were the use of six health services in the follow-up year. RESULTS: In the matched pair analysis, baseline hospital crossover increased the odds of more visits in the @entity341 (odds ratio 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.95) and radiology settings (1.7, 1.22-2.38). The regression analysis confirmed the @entity341 and radiology findings, and also suggested that crossover led to more inpatient admissions (1.35, 1.11-1.63), head CTs (1.44, 1.04-2), and brain MRIs (2.32, 1.59-3.37). SIGNIFICANCE: Baseline hospital crossover is an independent marker for subsequent increased health service use in multiple settings among @entity1 with @entity302 . Health care delivery innovations targeted for @entity1 with @entity302 who engage in hospital crossover should prioritize (1) sharing radiology images and reports (to reduce unnecessary radiology use, particularly head CTs), and (2) improving coordination of care (to reduce unnecessary @entity341 and inpatient use).

title: Hospital crossover increases utilization for XXXX with @entity302 : a retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between preoperative functional status and @entity260 after @entity5 surgery is very well described in the 'youngest old' population; however, limited information is available for the very old (i.e. those aged 80 years and older). OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to evaluate whether functional status, expressed as @entity209 ( @entity209 ), is a predictor of adverse postoperative outcomes in very old @entity1 . METHODS: In a retrospective cohort study, we included all @entity1 aged 80  years or older who underwent elective oncological surgery at a tertiary hospital in Brazil in 2011. The primary outcome was @entity260 up to 30  days after surgery. Functional status was evaluated using a simple questionnaire, which classified @entity1 into three groups based on @entity209 . We used logistic regression models to investigate the association between functional status and the occurrence of complications, adjusted for possible confounders. RESULTS: We analyzed data from 138 @entity1 aged 80  years or older. The mean age of the sample was 84.2      4.2  years and 52% were female; 65% of the procedures were classified as low risk and 35% were classified as intermediate risk. Regarding functional status, 72% of the sample had a performance equivalent to fewer than 4  @entity209 , 27% had 4-6 @entity209 , and 1% had more than 6 @entity209 . @entity260 were observed in 25%, and the mortality rate was 2%. Better functional status was associated with reduced odds of @entity260 in multivariate analysis (odds ratio 0.11, 95% confidence interval 0.02-0.85; p  =  0.034). CONCLUSION: Functional status seems to be related to surgical morbidity in the very old.

title: Functional Status is a Predictor of @entity260 After XXXX Surgery in the Very Old.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic equivalents', 'METs']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize pediatric temporal bone @entity130 , focusing on audiometric outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review. SETTING: Tertiary care @entity1 's hospital. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Cases were reviewed of @entity1 (<18 years) presenting over a 3-year period with computed tomography-proven temporal bone @entity174 and audiology examination. All scans were read by a neuroradiologist and reviewed by a pediatric otolaryngologist. Demographics, @entity174 pattern, and audiometric data were recorded. RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity1 (60 @entity174 ) met inclusion criteria. The majority (93%) were otic capsule-sparing @entity174 . The types and severity of @entity393 were significantly different between the 2 @entity174 patterns. Based on pure-tone average, all otic capsule-violating @entity174 had abnormal initial audiograms; 75% of these losses were severe. Approximately half (54%) of otic capsule-sparing @entity174 had abnormal initial audiograms; a majority were mild losses (85%). All classifiable losses in otic capsule-violating cases were of mixed type, whereas the majority (75%) of losses in otic capsule-sparing cases were conductive. Regardless of classification, 72% of @entity1 with otic capsule-sparing @entity174 and initially abnormal audiograms improved to normal levels at a mean of 48 days posttrauma; this increased to 83% when only conductive losses were considered. CONCLUSIONS: Hearing loss type and severity differ in otic capsule-sparing and otic capsule-violating temporal @entity174 . A majority of @entity1 with otic capsule-sparing @entity174 and associated @entity393 improve to normal levels in about 6 weeks, especially if the original loss is classified as solely conductive. @entity1 who do not improve within this time frame may warrant early investigation into surgically correctable causes.

title: Audiometric Outcomes in Pediatric Temporal Bone XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'bone fractures']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: @entity134 -resistant @entity1985 of childhood poses a dilemma in attempting to balance @entity137 of medications against long-term prognosis. This report presents our preliminary experience with the novel use of combined @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) and angiotensin blockade (AB) in the treatment of nine @entity1 and young adults with @entity628 (FSGS). All @entity1 were @entity134 resistant and had failed conventional treatment regimens. Prior to the initiation of the @entity2098 -AB protocol, the @entity1 were pre-treated with weekly intravenous @entity1667 (MP) (15 mg/kg per week) for 4-8 weeks. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor blockers were begun when intravascular volume was restored. @entity2098 was given at a dose of 250-500 mg/m(2) per day. @entity644 , as measured by urine protein/ @entity1011 ratios (Up/c), decreased by 43% following MP ( P<0.05). After 6 months of @entity2098 -AB protocol, the Up/c was 72% below baseline ( P<0.01). This level was maintained for a minimum of 24 months of observation. Similarly, @entity407 , as measured by total @entity165 and @entity1674 , improved significantly with treatment (536+/-163 to 265+/-70 mg/dl, 447+/-168 to 230+/-92 mg/dl, respectively, P<0.01). Our data support the use of @entity2098 and AB for treatment of @entity134 -resistant FSGS when other conventional treatments have failed and/or induced @entity137 .

title: Novel therapy of XXXX with mycophenolate and angiotensin blockade.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity628 :: (MESH:D005923,Disease) :: ['focal glomerulosclerosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To compare transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement with or without variceal embolization with @entity2372 ( @entity2372 ) plus @entity1169 in preventing recurrent esophageal @entity548 in @entity1 with advanced @entity82 and @entity715 . Materials and Methods The present randomized controlled trial was approved by the ethics committee board of West China Hospital. Written informed consent was obtained from each @entity1 . Between January 2010 and December 2012, 73 @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive TIPS (n = 37) or @entity2372 plus @entity1169 (n = 36). The comparisons of recurrent @entity548 , @entity99 , and survival rates were based on the Kaplan-Meier method and were compared using the log-rank test. Results The mean follow-up time was 22.8 months    7.7(standard deviation) in the TIPS group and 20.9 months    8.9 in the @entity2372 group. The 2-year probability of remaining free of recurrent @entity548 was higher in the TIPS group (77.8%) than in the @entity2372 group (42.9%) (P = .002). Overall recanalization was achieved in 24 (64.9%) @entity1 from the TIPS group and seven (19.4%) @entity1 from the @entity2372 group. The @entity99 rates exhibited no significant differences between the two groups (P = .53). The 1- and 2-year probability of survival was 86.5% and 72.9%, respectively, in the TIPS group and 83.3% and 57.2%, respectively, in the @entity2372 group, with no significant difference (P = .23). Conclusion TIPS was more effective than @entity2372 plus @entity1169 in preventing recurrent esophageal @entity548 in @entity1 with advanced @entity82 and @entity715 and did not increase the incidence of @entity99 . Survival was similar in both groups. (  ) RSNA, 2015.

title: @entity82 Combined with Portal Vein XXXX : A Randomized Trial of TIPS versus Endoscopic Band Ligation Plus @entity1169 for the Prevention of Recurrent Esophageal Variceal Bleeding.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic band ligation', 'EBL']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['portal vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Thrombosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1120 ( @entity1120 ) is an @entity74 , due to deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase, leading to accumulation of the substrate @entity22138 in the cells of the macrophage-monocyte system. @entity1 with @entity1120 have alteration in their immune system and impaired microbicidal capacity of mononuclear phagocytes. It has also been demonstrated that monocyte dysfunction may correlate with the plasma glucocerebrosidase concentrations. @entity378 ( @entity378 ) is a major public health problem in developing countries. @entity3254 is one of the most common forms of @entity1907 . Since immune system can be impaired due to the @entity1120 in various ways, @entity378 can be observed in @entity1 with @entity1120 especially when left untreated. @entity1503 (s) is also general finding in untreated Gaucher @entity1 , and they may be observed most frequently due to the infiltration of the bone marrow with Gaucher cells together with the additional factor of @entity381 . We herein present a case of an adult @entity1 with heterozygous untreated GD1, who developed @entity3254 complicated by @entity3794 . Before his admission to our clinic, pleurectomy operation was performed and 4-drug combination anti- @entity378 therapy was initiated including @entity3109 , @entity1215 , @entity3110 and @entity5585 . @entity221 complaint was disappeared with anti- @entity378 treatment but he also had @entity1295 and @entity158 . After initiation of enzyme replacement therapy in addition to anti- @entity378 treatment, clinical and hematological improvement was observed. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of GD1 with @entity3254 .

title: @entity3254 in a @entity1 with untreated type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3110 :: ('MESH:D004977', 'Chemical') :: ['ethambutol']

entities_list: @entity5585 :: ('MESH:D011718', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrazinamide']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['extra-pulmonary TB']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive glycolipid storage disorder']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ['GD', 'deficiency of glucocerebrosidase', 'Gaucher disease']

entities_list: @entity22138 :: ('CHEBI:18368', 'Chemical') :: ['glucocerebroside']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'TB']

entities_list: @entity3254 :: ('MESH:D014396', 'Disease') :: ['Pleural TB', 'pleural TB']

answer: @entity1120 :: (MESH:D005776,Disease) :: ['Gaucher disease']


abstract: This paper describes a procedure for the discovery of recurrent substrings in @entity3689 sequences of proteins, and its application to fungal cell walls. The evolutionary origins of fungal cell walls are an open biological question. This question can be approached by studies of similarity among the sequences and sub-sequences of fungal wall proteins and by comparison to proteins in animals. We describe here how we have discovered building blocks, represented as recurrent sequence motifs (sub-sequences), within fungal cell wall proteins. These motifs have not been systematically identified before, because the low Shannon entropy of the cell wall sequences has hindered searches for local sequence similarities by sequence alignments. Nonetheless, our new, composition-based scoring matrices for local alignment searches now support statistically valid alignments for such low entropy sequences (Coronado et al. 2006. Euk. Cell 5: 628-637). We have now searched for similarities in a set of 171 known and putative cell wall proteins from @entity375 , @entity375 . The aligned segments were repeatedly subdivided and catalogued to identify 217 recurrent sequence motifs of length 8 @entity3534 or greater. 95% of these motifs occur in more than one cell wall protein. The median length of the motifs is 22 @entity3689 residues, considerably shorter than protein domains. For many cell wall proteins, these motifs collectively account for more than half of their @entity3534 . The prevalence of these motifs supports the idea of fungal cell wall proteins as assemblies of recurrent building blocks.

title: Discovery of Recurrent Sequence Motifs in XXXX Cell Wall Proteins.

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ["baker's yeast", 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gitel syndrome is an @entity74 characterized by @entity5838 , @entity1371 , and @entity1272 of renal origin and @entity8269 . The majority of @entity1 with @entity4861 carry inactivating mutations in the @entity19382 gene encoding the @entity2827 cotransporter located in the distal convoluted tubule. The purpose of this study was to investigate the underlying mutation in @entity4861 @entity1 of Gypsy race from different geographic origin. METHODS: Twenty Gypsy @entity1 with clinical and biochemical features of @entity4861 were investigated by mutational analysis. The @entity1 belonged to 12 unrelated Gypsy families living in four different European countries. The parents and unaffected siblings of each @entity1 , as well as the DNA of a population of 200 healthy control @entity1 , were also analyzed. RESULTS: All @entity1 were homozygous for the same splice site mutation, @entity2774 to @entity6244 in the first position of intron 9 of @entity19382 gene. This mutation was not found in the control population. Parents were heterozygous for the mutation. Despite sharing a common mutation, the clinical manifestations of the syndrome in the @entity1 varied from lack of symptoms in six @entity1 to severe @entity851 in four. CONCLUSION: Demonstration of a novel point mutation within the @entity19382 gene in our cohort of Gypsy families with @entity4861 is highly suggestive of a founder effect. This finding will facilitate the identification of the @entity74 in further cases of @entity4861 among the Gypsy population. Our study represents the largest series ever published of @entity1 with @entity4861 having the same underlying mutation, and supports the lack of correlation between genotype and clinical phenotype in this disease.

title: A new mutation (intron 9 +1 G>T) in the @entity19382 gene is linked to XXXX in Gypsies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity8269 :: ('MESH:C564578', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalciuria']

entities_list: @entity4861 :: ('MESH:D053579', 'Disease') :: ['Gitelman syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defect', 'inherited tubular disorder']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium-chloride']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

answer: @entity4861 :: (MESH:D053579,Disease) :: ['Gitelman syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE:       Digital pathology diagnostics are often based on subjective qualitative measures. A @entity19 model of early-phase @entity1124 provides a controlled environment with a priori knowledge of the genetic mutation and stage of the disease. Use of this model enables the application of supervised learning methods to digital pathology. A computerized diagnostics system for histological detection of @entity788 was developed and tested. METHODS  : Pathological H_E-stained specimens with early @entity660 were identified and evaluated with a system that models @entity5 detection using a top-down object learning paradigm, mimicking the way a pathologist learns. First, the dominant primitives were identified and segmented in the images, i.e., the ducts, nuclei and @entity5 stroma. A boost-based machine learning technique was used for duct segmentation, classification and outlier pruning. Second, a set of morphological features traditionally used for @entity5 diagnosis which provides quantitative image features was employed to quantify subtle findings such as duct deformation and nuclei malformations. Finally, a visually interpretable predictive model was trained to distinguish between normal tissue and @entity5 lesions, given ground truth samples. RESULTS  : A predictive success rate of 92  % was achieved using tenfold cross-validation and 93  % on an independent test set. Comparison was made with state-of-the-art classification algorithms that are not interpretable as visible features yielded the contribution of individual primitive features to the prediction outcome. CONCLUSIONS  : Quantitative image analysis and classification were successful in preclinical histology diagnosis for early-stage @entity788 . The usage of annotated contours coupled with interpretable supervised learning methods and outlier pruning can be adapted to other medical imaging tasks. The usage of interpretable supervised learning techniques may improve the success of CAD in histopathological diagnosis.

title: Computer-aided diagnostics in digital pathology: automated evaluation of early-phase @entity788 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'premalignant cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic lesions']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: -There are limited data describing the functional status (FS) of @entity1 after @entity299 ( @entity299 ). We sought to describe the FS of @entity1 surviving at least one year after @entity299 , to evaluate the impact of @entity299 on FS, and to identify factors associated with abnormal FS post- @entity299 . METHODS: -Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network data were used to identify all US @entity1 age <21 years surviving >= 1 year post- @entity299 from 2005-2014 with a functional status score (FSS) available at three time points (listing, transplant, >= 1 year post- @entity299 ). Logistic regression and generalized estimating equations were used to identify factors associated with abnormal FS (FSS<= 8) post- @entity299 . RESULTS: -A total of 1,633 @entity1 met study criteria. At the 1-year assessment, 64% were "fully active/no limitations" (FSS=10), 21% had "minor limitations with strenuous activity" (FSS=9); 15% scored lower than 9. Compared to listing FS, FS at 1-year post- @entity299 increased in 91% and declined/remained unchanged in 9%. A stepwise regression procedure selected the following variables for association with abnormal FS at 1-year post- @entity299 : age >= 18 years (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.7), African American race (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.0), support with >= inotropes at @entity299 (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2-2.5), being hospitalized at @entity299 (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.19), chronic @entity479 use at @entity299 (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.2), and treatment for early rejection (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.5-2.7). CONCLUSIONS: -Among US @entity1 who survive at least one year after @entity299 , functional status is excellent for the majority of @entity1 . @entity299 is associated with substantial improvement in functional status for most @entity1 . Early rejection, older age, African American race, chronic @entity479 use, hemodynamic support at @entity299 and being hospitalized at @entity299 are associated with abnormal functional status post- @entity299 .

title: Impact of Heart Transplantation on the Functional Status of U.S. XXXX with End-Stage Heart Failure. Analysis of Data from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'heart transplant']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']