abstract: INTRODUCTION: Iliosacral screw fixation has been commonly used for stabilization of the posterior ring in unstable @entity174 . However, loosening of the screw may develop with or without redisplacement of the @entity174 . This study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence of @entity1349 and to identify its predictive factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 110 @entity1 whose posterior pelvic ring was stabilized with iliosacral screws were enrolled. These included 9 cases of anteroposterior compression, 64 cases of lateral compression, and 37 cases of vertical shear (VS) injuries. Among those with posterior pelvic ring injuries, 95 had sacral fractures (zone I: 52, zone II: 43) and 15 had @entity2720 . The screws were fixed to the anterior one-third region of the first sacral (S1) body in 46 cases, and to the middle one-third region in the remaining 64 cases. If loosening of the iliosacral screw influenced the pelvic ring stability, it was considered a failure. The relationship between @entity1349 and the possible influencing factors were analyzed. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 (17.3  %) were found to have loosening of the iliosacral screw at a mean 25.3  days postoperatively. Of these, 13 @entity1 (11.8  %) had failure of the screws. The incidence of @entity1349 was significantly higher in those with @entity130 (29.7  %, p  =  0.014), in those with screw fixed to the middle one-third region of the S1 body (23.4  %, p  =  0.044), and in those with @entity130 combined with zone II sacral @entity174 (43.5  %, p  =  0.019). With respect to failure of the iliosacral screw, @entity1 with @entity130 also had a higher incidence of failure (21.6  %, p  =  0.036). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that cases with @entity130 are prone to screw loosening, especially when combined with zone II sacral @entity174 . Accordingly, alternative fixation methods should be considered in such cases.

title: The incidence of and factors affecting XXXX in @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['iliosacral screw loosening']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliac joint dislocations']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['VS injuries', 'VS injury']

answer: @entity1349 :: (MESH:D011475,Disease) :: ['iliosacral screw loosening']


abstract: We previously observed that the HERV type K (HERV-K) envelope ( @entity18341 ) protein was expressed in the majority of @entity1 @entity0 from a U.S. cohort of @entity1 from Texas. We also made the preliminary observation that the expression of HERV-K @entity18341 transcripts was associated with markers of disease progression. In this follow-up study, @entity18341 protein expression was evaluated immunohistochemically in an additional 195 paraffin-embedded @entity0 from a second U.S. @entity1 cohort (Baltimore, Maryland) and in 110 @entity5 from Chinese @entity1 . Moreover, we compared @entity18341 transcript expression between fresh-frozen normal and cancerous breast tissues. We observed that while @entity18341 mRNA and protein expression was undetectable in normal breast tissue and in a subset of uninvolved normal-appearing tissue adjacent to the @entity5 epithelium, it was overexpressed in most @entity5 . Furthermore, @entity18341 expression was associated with @entity0 progression. In Baltimore cohort @entity1 , @entity5 positivity was significantly associated with disease stage and lymph node @entity3 . In Chinese @entity1 , HERV-K @entity18341 positivity was significantly associated with @entity5 size, TNM stage, and lymph node @entity3 , which is consistent with the observations in the U.S. cohort. We also found that Chinese @entity0 @entity1 with a high expression of HERV-K had a decreased overall survival compared with @entity1 who had either a moderate or low HERV-K expression in their @entity5 (P = 0.049,   (2) log rank test). In conclusion, the HERV-K @entity18341 gene is expressed in the majority of @entity0 from U.S. or Chinese @entity1 but not in normal breast tissue. High expression of HERV-K @entity18341 protein in @entity0 @entity1 is associated with markers of disease progression and poor disease outcome, indicating that HERV-K @entity18341 protein is a novel candidate prognostic marker for @entity0 .

title: Expression of XXXX Endogenous Retrovirus Type K Envelope Protein is a Novel Candidate Prognostic Marker for @entity1 @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'HERV-K tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: @entity11998 vera (PV) and essential thrombocythaemia (ET) are classified as Philadelphia-negative chronic @entity66 . Both PV and ET are rare diseases, but the prevalence is high. @entity1 who have not been treated for the diseases are at great risk of morbidity and mortality as a result of thrombohaemorrhagic events. However, if @entity1 have been well treated, their prognosis is good and life-expectancy approaches normal. This article provides diagnostic tools and flowcharts for treatment of PV and ET. Treatment of PV and ET should be risk-adjusted and individualised. Low-dose @entity117 is recommended as an antiaggregative drug in both diseases. For PV, phlebotomy to control a haematocrit at <0.45 is the cornerstone in treatment, and treatment with @entity36174 ( @entity1862 ) or @entity3027 is added to reduce @entity2495 symptoms or @entity381 becoming cytoreductive. In ET, @entity36174 and @entity18829 are the most used drugs, and @entity18829 may also be added in PV to reduce @entity1148 . @entity3027 is the only myelosuppressive treatment available during pregnancy. Current controversies regarding treatment illustrate the need for more randomised clinical trials. Demonstration of over expression of the @entity37190 gene and in particular the @entity4016 mutation will be novel diagnostic criteria and may have an impact for future therapy of both PV and ET.

title: XXXX vera and essential thrombocythaemia: current treatment strategies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative diseases']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity11998 :: ('MESH:C548016', 'Disease') :: ['Polycythaemia']

entities_list: @entity2495 :: ('MESH:C565498', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetabolic']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity18829 :: ('MESH:C021139', 'Chemical') :: ['anagrelide']

entities_list: @entity36174 :: ('CHEBI:44423', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxycarbamide']

entities_list: @entity3027 :: ('3439', 'Gene') :: ['interferon (IFN)-alpha', 'IFNalpha']

answer: @entity11998 :: (MESH:C548016,Disease) :: ['Polycythaemia']


abstract: The diminishing incidence of @entity281 in westernised societies has been suggested to result in an increased prevalance of @entity565 . @entity565 is a polygenic disease and genome screens have shown that genes on chromosome 5q31-33 are strongly linked to the disease. The gene for the @entity2162 is located in this region and two polymorphisms have been identified that result in @entity535 changes at positions 16 (ArgGly) and 27 (GlnGlu). To determine whether these polymorphisms influence @entity565 and @entity281 , a genotype/phenotype study has been performed on a cohort of 126 @entity1 from Coche Island in Venezuela. There is a high incidence of @entity565 on the island and @entity20789 is endemic. Genotyping for both polymorphisms was carried out by using the polymerase chain reaction and allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridisation. Genotype frequencies in this cohort were consistent with other studies and both polymorphisms were in significant linkage disequilibrium. Individuals who were homozygous for @entity534 16 had significantly higher levels of specific IgE to @entity9124 (P=0.002), significantly higher A. lumbricoides egg counts (P<0.001) and significantly larger wheal sizes following skin-prick testing with A. lumbricoides allergen (P=0.008). There was no association between either polymorphism and total serum IgE or @entity565 in this population. A combination of mast cell degranulation and the lung migratory phase of A. lumbricoides larvae may result in bronchoconstriction in infected individuals. These results suggest that the @entity4022 16 allele confers resistance to high levels of @entity281 in this population. An alternative explanation for the association is that it may be the result of linkage disequilibrium with other genes in the chromosome 5q31-33 region.

title: Association of polymorphisms in the XXXX gene with higher levels of @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2162 :: ('154', 'Gene') :: ['beta2-adrenoreceptor']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity20789 :: ('MESH:C531698', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal helminthiasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic infection']

entities_list: @entity9124 :: ('6252', 'Species') :: ['Ascaris lumbricoides']

answer: @entity2162 :: (154,Gene) :: ['beta2-adrenoreceptor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and the metabolic characteristics of @entity3594 ( @entity1278 ) in a group of 28 study subjects with biopsy-proven @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ). METHODS: The study @entity1 (15 female and 13 male @entity1 , 20 of whom were white subjects; mean body mass index, 32.7 +/- 5.7 kg/m2; mean age, 45.7 +/- 11.3 years) underwent an oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT), frequently sampled intravenous @entity413 tolerance test (FSIGT), and fasting metabolic panels. @entity1278 status was clinically determined, and fat mass was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: All study subjects had insulin resistance (IR), and 15 (54%) had the @entity209 (by Adult Treatment Panel III criteria). Of the 28 @entity1 , 4 (14%) had @entity1278 ( @entity1278 +) and 24 did not ( @entity1278 -). @entity1278 + subjects had a higher body mass index (37.7 +/- 5.6 versus 31.5 +/- 4.3 kg/m2), fat mass (38.9 +/- 4.0 versus 29.2 +/- 2.3 kg), and leptin levels (17.2 +/- 3.9 versus 9.3 +/- 1.6 ng/mL) (P<0.05). They also had significantly higher indices of insulin secretion: fasting and stimulated insulin and C-peptide levels from OGTT and FSIGT. @entity209 prevalence was 40% in @entity1278 - versus 75% in @entity1278 + subjects (not significantly different). Although the @entity1278 + group had significantly lower fasting and OGTT-derived indices of insulin sensitivity in comparison with the @entity1278 - group, their FSIGT indices were similar. Waist circumference (a surrogate of visceral adiposity) and cytokine profiles were similar in the @entity1278 + and @entity1278 - groups. CONCLUSION: @entity1278 was not highly prevalent in our study cohort with @entity1561 , despite the high prevalence of IR. @entity3190 and @entity348 , rather than visceral adiposity and IR, were the indices most predictive of @entity1278 . The use of @entity1278 as an index of IR in @entity1 with @entity1561 appears to have limited diagnostic value.

title: @entity3594 in @entity1 with XXXX : an uncommon finding.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3594 :: ('MESH:D000052', 'Disease') :: ['acanthosis nigricans']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NASH', 'nonalcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total adiposity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'Metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['nonalcoholic steatohepatitis']


abstract: The translation initiation factor @entity37099 has been implicated as a regulator of ribosome assembly, selective mRNA translation and apoptosis. Many of these activities depend upon the phosphorylation of @entity37099 @entity563 235 by @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ). @entity37099 -60S is probably part of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). @entity37099 over-expression in @entity1238 embryos causes aberrant eye development. @entity37100 / @entity37100 morphants have an eye phenotype similar to that of the @entity37099 overexpressors. Eye formation is regulated by insulin growth factor (IGF) signalling. @entity37099 interacts with the IGF receptor (IGFR) and @entity37100 / @entity37100 , which also binds to igfr. @entity37099 over-expression in @entity1238 causes also the formation of @entity4 , suggesting a malfunction of the excretory system. Here we evaluated the pronephros phenotype. The @entity4 grows into the nephrocoel, expanding its boundary and is accompanied by a strong reduction of the pronephros. The three main components of the pronephros are severely impaired in @entity37099 over-expressors, while are not affected in @entity37099 morphants. Conversely, @entity37100 depletion induces the @entity4 phenotype and reduction of the pronephros, while @entity37100 overexpression does not. p110*, a constitutively active p110 subunit of the PI3 kinase partially recovers the @entity4 phenotype. We also determined that @entity7131 -dependent phosphorylation of Ser235 in @entity37099 is not required to produce defective pronephroi. These results indicate that the levels of @entity37099 are highly regulated during development and instrumental for proper morphogenesis of the pronephros. Moreover, it appears that for proper pronephros development the @entity37100 level should be kept within or over the physiological range and that the @entity4 phenotype is partly due to the inhibition of IGF signalling.

title: Involvement of the eukaryotic initiation factor 6 and XXXX / @entity37100 in @entity1238 pronephros formation.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema', 'antero-ventral oedema']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['Serine']

answer: @entity37100 :: (398379(Tax:8355),Gene) :: ['kermit2']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 are obligate nasal breathers. @entity2419 closure may result in upper airway compromise. We describe @entity1 undergoing corrective palatal surgery who required unplanned airway support. SETTING: Tertiary referral unit. METHOD: Retrospective study (2007-2009) of 157 @entity2419 procedures (70 primary procedures) in 43 @entity1 . Exclusion criteria comprised combined @entity3384 , secondary palate procedure, and pre-existing airway support. RESULTS: The @entity1 's mean age was 7.5 months and their mean weight 7.72 kg. Eight @entity1 were syndromic, and eight underwent pre-operative sleep studies (five positive, three negative). Post-operatively, five developed @entity649 and four required @entity26 , both events significantly associated with pre-operative @entity27 (p = 0.001 and 0.015, respectively). Four desaturated within 24 hours. Five required a nasopharyngeal airway. Hospital stay (mean, 4 days) was significantly associated with @entity27 (p = 0.002) and nasopharyngeal airway insertion (p = 0.017). DISCUSSION: Pre-operative @entity27 correlated significantly with post-operative @entity649 , supplementary @entity26 requirement, nasopharyngeal airway insertion and hospital stay. We recommend pre-operative sleep investigations for all @entity1 undergoing @entity2419 repair, to enable appropriate timing of the procedure.

title: Post-operative XXXX following primary @entity2419 repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['Cleft palate', 'cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['cleft lip and palate']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['respiratory distress']


abstract: Results of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) to treat advanced @entity1778 or @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) remain poor due to excessive relapse and transplant-related mortality. To improve transplant outcome in this @entity1 population, 43 @entity1 (median age, 46.1 years) with high-risk or advanced lymphoid (n = 5) or @entity5 (n = 38) were prospectively enrolled on a pilot trial of cytoreduction with intravenous @entity1863 and melphalan followed by an unmodified @entity2149 -matched related (n = 18) or unrelated (n = 25) HCT. @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) prophylaxis consisted of @entity1140 and @entity1499 . Thirty-four @entity1 had > or = 5% blasts at the time of HCT; 12 of these had > 20% blasts. Seventeen @entity1 had unfavorable cytogenetics, 8 @entity1 underwent transplantation for secondary @entity2590 or @entity3052 , and 4 @entity1 had relapsed after a previous allogeneic transplantation. Although @entity33 was the most significant regimen-related @entity137 , requiring the addition of @entity4181 rescue and failure to receive all 4 doses of methotrexate in 23 @entity1 , the nonrelapse mortality at 30 and 100 days was low at 0% and 16%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of grade II-IV acute @entity2132 was 24%, and that of extensive chronic @entity2132 was 7%. With a minimum follow-up of 18 months, the estimated 3-year overall survival is 37% and the estimated disease-free survival (DFS) @entity16222 %. For 18 @entity1 with @entity2590 (< or = @entity7139 ) or high-risk @entity6961 , the estimated 3 year DFS is 61%. These data demonstrate the curative potential of this regimen in @entity1 with high-risk myeloid @entity5 .

title: Intravenous @entity1863 and melphalan, XXXX , and short-course methotrexate followed by unmodified HLA-matched related or unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of advanced hematologic malignancies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'myeloid malignancy']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'Graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity6961 :: ('MESH:D009196', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disorder']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1669 ( @entity1669 ) including @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ) and @entity2621 ( @entity2621 ) are @entity74 . Cytokines @entity1356 and @entity3646 play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity1669 . This study was conducted on Tunisian @entity1 with @entity2743 or @entity2621 to investigate the association of @entity1356 and @entity3646 gene polymorphisms with the risk and the prognosis of @entity1669 . A total of 358 healthy controls and 341 @entity1 with AITDs (249 @entity2621 and 92 @entity2743 ) were genotyped for @entity1356 @entity40533 and @entity3646 intron 3 VNTR polymorphisms. A significant association was found between @entity1356 @entity40533 polymorphism and @entity2743 or @entity2621 , both in the dominant and additive models. The @entity1356 +3953T allele was associated with @entity2743 (p = 0.0003, OR = 1.93, CI = 1.34-2.78) and @entity2621 (p = 0.009, OR = 1.43, CI = 1.09-1.88). The @entity3646 VNTR polymorphism was associated only with @entity2621 risk both in additive (p = 0.03, OR = 0.31, CI = 0.11-0.86) and recessive (p = 0.03, OR = 3.04, CI = 1.13-8.17) models. No significant association was found between @entity1356 @entity40533 polymorphism and change in the serum concentrations of TSH and FT4 in @entity2743 and @entity2621 @entity1 . In @entity2621 @entity1 , the @entity1356 +3953T allele (p = 0.009, OR = 0.42, CI = 0.22-0.83) and the @entity1356 +3953T/T genotype (p = 0.03, OR = 0.21, CI = 0.04-1.07) were more frequent in the absence than in the presence of an anti-TPO antibody. The proportion of @entity2621 @entity1 with the P1P2 genotype of the @entity3646 gene was significantly higher in the absence than in the presence of the anti-TPO antibody (p = 0.04, OR = 0.39, CI = 0.17-0.89). These preliminary results suggest that @entity1356 and @entity3646 gene polymorphisms may be associated with @entity2743 and @entity2621 susceptibility and may represent prognostic factors for predicting the severity of @entity2621 .

title: Association of XXXX and @entity3646 Gene Variants with Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases in Tunisian Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['AITD', 'Autoimmune thyroid diseases']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['HT', "Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease", 'GD']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['complex genetic diseases']

answer: @entity1356 :: (3553,Gene) :: ['Interleukin-1B']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Various alloplastic materials are used in orbital wall reconstruction. This study investigated the outcome of @entity1 treated with porous @entity691 sheet implants in the reconstruction of @entity8924 . METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 who underwent orbital reconstructions using 0.85-mm porous @entity691 sheets for the repair of @entity8924 were included. A transconjunctival approach was used in all @entity1 . The mean duration of postoperative follow-up was 29.7 +/- 12.3 months. Postoperatively, results and complications such as @entity281 and implant extrusion were followed-up on the first day, the first week, monthly for the first 3 months and then every 3-6 months thereafter. RESULTS: All 21 @entity1 had symptomatic @entity892 before surgery. The @entity892 resolved in 14 @entity1 and improved in seven @entity1 within the first month after surgery. All @entity1 except one were free from @entity892 at follow-up periods exceeding 6 months. @entity9577 resolved in four of seven @entity1 and improved in three. None of the @entity1 developed @entity2694 , implant exposure or @entity4222 , worsening @entity892 , @entity590 or @entity1018 during follow-up. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that porous @entity691 implants in the repair of orbital wall fractures had good results with few complications.

title: Porous XXXX implants in orbital floor reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity9577 :: ('MESH:D015841', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative enophthalmos']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity8924 :: ('MESH:D009917', 'Disease') :: ['orbital floor fracture']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity590 :: ('MESH:D008305', 'Disease') :: ['infraorbital anesthesia']

answer: @entity691 :: (MESH:D020959,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite their high effectiveness, @entity1871 -only contraceptives are considered less than ideal by the many @entity1 who experience disruption of their normal @entity3556 pattern when using these methods. Current treatments to control these @entity548 irregularities are not sufficiently effective. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated preventive and therapeutic interventions of @entity548 irregularities associated with the use of @entity1871 -only contraceptives. SEARCH STRATEGY: Literature was identified through database searches, reference lists, organisations and individuals, covering the period until December 2006. SELECTION CRITERIA: Trials with random or alternate allocation, testing interventions for the prevention or treatment of @entity548 irregularities associated with the use of @entity1871 -only contraceptives were eligible. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Results are expressed as relative risks (RR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) for categorical data and as @entity353 ( @entity353 ) with 95 % CI for continuous data. When we encountered heterogeneity (visual or statistical) we used the random-effects model (quantitative) or did not produce a summary estimate (qualitative). MAIN RESULTS: 19 Randomised controlled trials including 2290 @entity1 were included. Over 60% of these trials had low to moderate risk of bias. @entity172 treatments reduced the number of days of an ongoing @entity548 episode in @entity12135 users and had a positive therapeutic effect in Norplant users. However, treatment frequently led to discontinuation due to @entity344 . Combinations of oral @entity2082 and @entity2692 taken by Norplant users experiencing @entity548 irregularities, improved @entity548 patterns but method discontinuation rates remained the same. Norplant users administered the anti- @entity1871 mifepristone therapeutically reported fewer days of @entity548 than those given placebo. Prophylactic oral @entity3927 used monthly by new Norplant users reduced @entity548 , when compared to placebo.Ibuprofen was reported to decrease the length of @entity548 episodes over a year, but the data were not presented in a suitable format for our analysis. @entity7154 reduced continued irregular @entity548 during treatment in Norplant users, but not among @entity12135 users. @entity270 and @entity117 had no effect on @entity548 patterns in a large trial of @entity1 using Norplant. Norplant users receiving @entity440 had less unacceptable @entity548 after treatment and were more likely to continue using Norplant than those receiving placebo. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Some @entity1 may benefit from the interventions described, particularly with cessation of an ongoing @entity548 episode. Several regimens offer promise in regulating @entity548 , but findings need to be reproduced in larger scale trials. Intermittent treatment with an agent may help some @entity1 to continue the use of a @entity1871 -only contraceptive. The results of this review do not support routine clinical use of any of the regimens included in the trials, particularly for long-term effect.

title: Treatment of @entity3556 irregularities induced by XXXX only contraceptives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'weighted mean difference']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinyl estradiol']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal upset']

entities_list: @entity2692 :: ('MESH:D016912', 'Chemical') :: ['levonorgestrel']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity7154 :: ('MESH:D008528', 'Chemical') :: ['Mefenamic acid']

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['mifepristone']

answer: @entity1871 :: (CHEBI:59826,Chemical) :: ['progestin']


abstract: In this treatment planning study, the potential benefits of a rotating shield brachytherapy (RSBT) technique based on a partially-shielded electronic brachytherapy source were assessed for treating @entity5 . Conventional intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT), intracavitary plus supplementary interstitial (IS+ICBT), and RSBT treatment plans for azimuthal emission angles of 180   (RSBT-180) and 45   (RSBT-45) were generated for five @entity1 . For each @entity1 , high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV) equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions (EQD2) (a/b = 10 Gy) was escalated until bladder, rectum, or sigmoid colon tolerance EQD2 values were reached. External beam radiotherapy dose (1.8 Gy     25) was accounted for, and brachytherapy was assumed to have been delivered in 5 fractions. IS+ICBT provided a greater HR-CTV D90  (minimum EQD2 to the hottest 90%) than ICBT. D90  was greater for RSBT-45 than IS+ICBT for all five @entity1 , and greater for RSBT-180 than IS+ICBT for two @entity1 . When the RSBT-45/180 plan with the lowest HR-CTV D90  that was greater than the D90  the ICBT or IS+ICBT plan was selected, the average (range) of D90  increases for RSBT over ICBT and IS+ICBT were 16.2 (6.3-27.2)and 8.5 (0.03-20.16) Gy, respectively. The average (range) treatment time increase per fraction of RSBT was 34.56 (3.68-70.41) min over ICBT and 34.59 (3.57-70.13) min over IS+ICBT. RSBT can increase D90  over ICBT and IS+ICBT without compromising organ-at-risk sparing. The D90  and treatment time improvements from RSBT depend on the @entity1 and shield emission angle.

title: Rotating-shield brachytherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: The physiological changes in an F1-ATPase-defective mutant of @entity526 coli W1485 growing in a @entity413 -limited chemostat included a @entity851 (60%) and increased specific rates of both @entity413 consumption (168%) and respiration (171%). Flux analysis revealed that the mutant showed approximately twice as much flow in glycolysis but only an 18% increase in the @entity6626 ( @entity2974 ) cycle, owing to the excretion of @entity598 , where most of the increased glycolytic flux was directed. Genetic and biochemical analyses of the mutant revealed the downregulation of many @entity2974 cycle enzymes, including @entity1792 synthase, and the upregulation of the @entity2388 dehydrogenase complex in both transcription and enzyme activities. These changes seemed to contribute to @entity598 excretion in the mutant. No transcriptional changes were observed in the glycolytic enzymes, despite the enhanced glycolysis. The most significant alterations were found in the respiratory-chain components. The total activity of @entity2125 dehydrogenases (NDHs) and terminal oxidases increased about twofold in the mutant, which accounted for its higher respiration rate. These changes arose primarily from the increased (3.7-fold) enzyme activity of NDH-2 and an increased amount of cytochrome bd in the mutant. Transcriptional upregulation appeared to be involved in these phenomena. As NDH-2 cannot generate an electrochemical gradient of protons and as cytochrome bd is inferior to cytochrome bo3 in this ability, the mutant was able to recycle @entity2125 at a higher rate than the parent and avoid generating an excess proton-motive force. We discuss the physiological benefits of the alterations in the mutant.

title: Alterations of cellular physiology in XXXX in response to oxidative phosphorylation impaired by defective F1-ATPase.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['decreased growth yield']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity6626 :: ('CHEBI:27093', 'Chemical') :: ['tricarboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the United States, morbidity from @entity565 disproportionately affects African Americans and @entity1 . Although inadequate care contributes to overall @entity565 morbidity, less is known about differences in @entity565 care by race and sex. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: To examine the relationships of race and sex with @entity565 care, we analyzed responses to questionnaires administered to adults enrolled in 16 managed care organizations participating in the Outcomes Management System Asthma Study between September and December 1993. Indicators of care consistent with National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (1991) recommendations were assessed. Of a random sample of 8640 @entity1 asked to participate, 6612 (77%) completed the survey. This study focused on 5062 (14% African American, 72% @entity1 ) @entity1 with at least moderate @entity565 symptom severity. RESULTS: Fewer African Americans than whites reported care consistent with recommendations for medication use (eg, daily inhaled @entity228 use, 34.9% vs 54.4%; P =.001), self-management education (eg, action plan, 42.0% vs 53.8%; P =.001), avoiding triggers (37.6% vs 53.6%; P =.001), and specialist care (28.3% vs 41.0%; P =.001). Differences in @entity565 care by sex were smaller and tended to favor @entity1 except for daily inhaled @entity228 use ( @entity1 vs @entity1 : 49.6% vs 58.3%; P =.001) and having specialist care (37.7% vs 43.1%; P =.001). Similar race and sex differences were observed after adjusting for age, education, employment, and symptom frequency. CONCLUSIONS: Even among @entity1 with health insurance, disparities in @entity565 care for African Americans compared with whites exist and may contribute to race disparities in outcomes. @entity1 generally reported better @entity565 care but may benefit from greater use of inhaled corticosteroids.

title: Race and sex differences in consistency of care with national XXXX guidelines in managed care organizations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate cerebral and peripheral mechanisms of autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system, their role in development of @entity741 in @entity301 ( @entity301 ) @entity1 with @entity453 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Psychometric testing, questionnaires, cardiovascular tests (by D. Y. Ewing), automatic spectral analysis of cardiac rhythm variability were used in investigation of psychovegetative regulation in 36 @entity1 and 19 healthy subjects. Group 1 consisted of 26 @entity301 @entity1 with @entity453 and stable angina class I-II. Group 2 consisted of 10 @entity1 with symptoms of @entity741 and coronarographically intact coronary arteries. RESULTS: @entity1 of both groups demonstrated initial activation of cerebral sympathicoadrenal mechanisms manifesting with high @entity148 , @entity308 , @entity154 in regulation of both initial autonomic tone and autonomic support of the orthostatic test. @entity301 @entity1 with @entity453 were characterized by persistent activation of cerebral sympathicoadrenal mechanisms and resistance of homeostatic baroreflex sympathetic systems. Vagal insufficiency was moderate and arose only at rest. In @entity1112 @entity1 with the same initial cerebral activation of the sympathicoadrenal mechanisms had @entity3520 trend in hemodynamic autonomic parameters: higher systolic blood pressure in subnormal heart rate, lability of baroreflex and cerebral mechanisms under the orthostatic test. The above features of psychovegetative relations make such @entity1 very close to those with @entity751 . CONCLUSION: @entity301 @entity1 with @entity453 and @entity1 with @entity1112 differ by mechanisms of maladaptation of autonomic regulation.

title: [Defects in autonomic regulation in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['vegetative defects']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X syndrome']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['psychovegetative syndrome']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis and X syndrome', 'coronary atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: @entity1 with primary @entity5 are seen infrequently in the medical profession, and most of these @entity1 are referred to specialty centers which has resulted in a good study population. In the past, @entity5 were treated with enucleation, but the current emphasis is now on organ preservation with sparing of all or partial visual acuity. In the management of these @entity5 , plaque brachytherapy and particle beam therapy have been used more frequently as an alternative to enucleation. A multi-institutional study, the @entity320 Study (COMS), is currently underway, organized by the National Eye Institute. The COMS isotope of choice is @entity1496 -125 (I-125). Recurrence after plaque therapy is approximately 15%, although it may be as high as 37% at 15 years for @entity3 . In one study, nondiffuse @entity320 has been controlled in 93% of @entity1 by custom plaques utilizing I-125. Plaque brachytherapy also utilizes I-125 for the treatment of @entity995 either as primary therapy or following external beam radiation. Currently, through the utilization of plaque radiation therapy, enucleation may be avoided in the majority of @entity1 , and many @entity1 may retrieve some visual acuity. We will review plaque brachytherapy techniques, diagnosis, staging, and some of the pertinent literature of the two most frequently encountered primary @entity5 : @entity320 , sometimes referred to as @entity2184 , with an incidence of approximately 1,500 new cases per year in the adult population; and @entity995 , the most common intraocular primary malignancy found in childhood, with a frequency of approximately 250 [corrected] new cases per year.

title: Brachytherapy in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ocular tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['iris melanoma', 'Collaborative Ocular Melanoma', 'choroidal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma', 'retinoblastoma tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['ocular tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Little is known about the @entity157 ( @entity157 ) risk scores derived from treatment-na  ve @entity1 with @entity6194 for @entity1 treated with @entity17705 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective-prospective cohort study of 1531 @entity1 with @entity6194 (age, 51    12 years; 1099 male; 332 with clinical @entity82 ) who were treated with @entity17705 0.5 mg daily for at least 12 months at Prince of Wales Hospital in Hong Kong from December 2005 to August 2012. The @entity1 were assessed once every 3 to 6 months for symptoms, drug history, and adherence; blood samples were collected for biochemical analyses. We validated 3 @entity157 risk scores (CU- @entity157 , GAG- @entity157 , and REACH-B scores) based on data collected when @entity1 began treatment with @entity17705 and 2 years later. RESULTS: After 42    13 months of follow-up, 47 @entity1 (2.9%) developed @entity157 . The 5-year cumulative incidence of @entity157 was 4.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.6%-5.0%). Older age, presence of @entity82 , and virologic remission after 24 months or more of therapy were independently associated with @entity157 in the entire cohort; advanced age and @entity4988 were associated with @entity157 in @entity1 without @entity82 . The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) for baseline CU- @entity157 , GAG- @entity157 , and REACH-B scores for @entity157 were 0.80 (95% CI, 0.75-0.86), 0.76 (95% CI, 0.70-0.82), and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.62-0.81), respectively; the time-dependent AUCs 1 to 4 years after @entity1 started treatment were comparable to those at baseline. The cutoff value of the baseline CU- @entity157 score identified @entity1 who would develop @entity157 with 93.6% sensitivity and 47.8% specificity, the baseline GAG- @entity157 score with 55.3% sensitivity and 78.9% specificity, and the baseline REACH-B score with 95.2% sensitivity and 16.5% specificity. Compared with @entity1 with CU- @entity157 scores <5 at baseline, those with CU- @entity157 scores that either decreased from >= 5 to <5 or remained >= 5 had a higher risk of @entity157 (5-year cumulative incidences, 0% vs 3.9% and 7.3%; P = .002 and P < .001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The CU- @entity157 , GAG- @entity157 , and REACH-B @entity157 risk scores accurately predict which @entity1 with @entity6194 treated with @entity17705 will develop @entity157 .

title: Accuracy of risk scores for XXXX with @entity6194 receiving @entity17705 treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity6194 :: ('MESH:D019694', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity17705 :: ('MESH:C413685', 'Chemical') :: ['entecavir']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'validity of hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Pre-translational regulation of subunit c has been suggested to control the biosynthesis of mitochondrial @entity855 synthase (ATPase) in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Subunit c is encoded by the genes @entity10298 , which encode identical mature proteins. We have determined here the levels of @entity10298 mRNAs in different tissues, in response to cold acclimation in @entity35 , during ontogenic development of BAT in hamsters, and following @entity6145 treatment in @entity35 BAT and liver. Quantitative ribonuclease protection analysis showed that both the @entity10298 mRNAs were present in all @entity35 tissues measured. Their total amount in each tissue corresponded well with the ATPase content of that tissue. While the @entity10298 mRNA ratio is high in ATPase-rich tissues, the P2 mRNA dominates in tissues with less ATPase. Cold acclimation affects P1 but not P2 gene expression in @entity35 BAT. A rapid and transient increase in P1 mRNA is followed by sustained @entity308 , which is accompanied by a decrease in ATPase content. Similarly, ontogenic suppression of ATPase content in hamster BAT was accompanied by suppression of the P1 mRNA levels, while P2 expression was virtually unchanged. Furthermore, when @entity1375 @entity35 were treated with thyroid hormone, the steady-state level of P1 but not of P2 mRNA was significantly increased in liver. BAT was unaffected. We conclude that the @entity10298 genes for subunit c are differentially regulated in vivo. While the P2 gene is expressed constitutively, the P1 gene responds to different physiological stimuli as a means of modulating the relative content of @entity855 synthase.

title: @entity855 synthase subunit c expression: physiological regulation of the XXXX genes.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6145 :: ('CHEBI:60311', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormone']

answer: @entity10298 :: (50669(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['P1 and P2']


abstract: AIMS: Some guidelines or studies consider haematuria an indication for renal biopsy or a potential cause of @entity633 that precludes accurate assessment of urinary albumin excretion. This study examined the justification of excluding haematuria in interpreting urinary albumin excretion in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and its associations with other @entity6 -related variables. METHODS: Between May and November 2008, @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 at a single centre with data on urinary albumin excretion and urinalysis in the same urine sample were recruited. Urinary albumin excretion was determined by urine albumin/ @entity1011 ratio in spot urine. Diagnosis of haematuria was made by positive urine occult blood from 1+ to 4+ and/or presence of more than nine red blood cells/ml in urinalysis. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical and laboratory variables and @entity6 -associated complications were analysed. RESULTS: In total, 743 @entity1 were enrolled. Prevalence of haematuria among @entity1 with normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, or macroalbuminuria was 8.7% (n = 13), 16.1% (n = 67) and 35.8% (n = 64), respectively. Urine albumin/ @entity1011 ratio was significantly higher, while macroalbuminuria was more common in @entity1 with haematuria (n = 144) than in those without (n = 599). Multiple regression analysis identified urine albumin/ @entity1011 ratio (odds ratio 1.33, P = 0.01) and macroalbuminuria (odds ratio 2.66, P = 0.01) as the only independent predictors of haematuria. Moreover, urine albumin/ @entity1011 ratio was an independent predictor of haematuria in the macroalbuminuria subgroup (odds ratio 1.30, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Increased urine albumin/ @entity1011 ratio and macroalbuminuria were the only independent predictors of haematuria in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , raising questions on the justifications of excluding haematuria in interpreting urinary albumin excretion in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and including haematuria as an indication for renal biopsy in those with macroalbuminuria.

title: Prevalence of haematuria positively associated with urine albumin excretion in @entity164 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The increasing number of @entity1 attending day care centres (DCCs) in industrialized countries has refocused attention on the occurrence of @entity281 and @entity166 in these settings. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the agreement between two methods (parent method vs. educator method) for reporting the occurrence of @entity1729 . METHODS: Fifty-two DCCs in Quebec, Canada, participated. Both educators and parents were invited to fill in calendars on which they would indicate the occurrence of colds and @entity294 . For the parents' method, parents were telephoned biweekly to record their calendar information. For the educators' method, educators returned their calendar pages monthly (following prompting by phone, when necessary). RESULTS: Three hundred and thirty-three parents of toddlers participated in the 15-month reporting period between September 1996 and November 1997. The average agreement between the two methods was low (13.5% for colds and 9.8% for @entity294 ). Overall estimates of the incidence rates of @entity1729 based on parents' method were higher than those based on educators' method. CONCLUSIONS: Parents' data lead to larger estimations of incidence rates and are probably more valid than educators' data.

title: Comparison between two common methods for reporting cold and XXXX symptoms of @entity1 in daycare centre research.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory and diarrhoeal infections']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhoea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence from general population studies suggests that lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults are more likely to experience adverse cardiovascular outcomes relative to heterosexuals. No studies have examined whether @entity458 exist in biomarkers of early @entity65 risk. PURPOSE: To determine whether @entity458 in biomarkers of early cardiovascular risk are present among young adults. METHODS: Data come from Wave IV (2008-2009) of the National Longitudinal Study for Adolescent Health (N=12,451), a prospective nationally representative study of U.S. adolescents followed into young adulthood (mean age=28.9 years). A total of 520 respondents identified as lesbian, gay, or bisexual. Biomarkers included @entity1851 , glycosylated hemoglobin, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate. Analyses were conducted in 2012. RESULTS: In gender-stratified models adjusted for demographics (age, race/ethnicity); SES (income, education); health behaviors (smoking, regular physical activity, @entity167 consumption); and BMI, gay and bisexual @entity1 had significant elevations in @entity1851 , diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate, compared to heterosexual @entity1 . Despite having more risk factors for @entity65 , including smoking, heavy @entity167 consumption, and higher BMI, lesbians and bisexual @entity1 had lower levels of @entity1851 than heterosexual @entity1 in fully adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence was found for @entity458 in biomarkers of cardiovascular risk among young adults, particularly in gay and bisexual @entity1 . These findings, if confirmed in other studies, suggest that disruptions in core physiologic processes that ultimately confer risk for @entity65 may occur early in the life course for @entity458 @entity1 .

title: XXXX in cardiovascular biomarkers among young adults.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual orientation disparities', 'sexual-minority']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['Sexual orientation disparities']


abstract: 1. The effects of dopaminergic antagonist @entity1767 and agonist @entity3826 on the thermoregulatory responses of unanaesthetized @entity95 to different ambient temperatures (Ta) of 2, 22 and 32 degrees C were assessed. 2. I.V. administration of @entity1767 produced dose-dependent @entity2332 at 2 and 22 degrees C Ta. At 2 degrees C Ta the @entity2332 was due to a decrease in metabolic heat production. At 22 degrees C Ta the @entity2332 was brought about by a decrease in metabolism and an @entity101 flow. However at 32 degrees C Ta, there was an increase in rectal temperature in response to @entity1767 application; this @entity221 was due to a @entity551 and respiratory evaporative @entity393 (Eres). 3. I.V. administration of @entity3826 produced dose-dependent @entity221 at all the ambient temperatures studied. At 2 degrees C Ta the @entity221 was due to an increase in metabolism. At both 22 and 32 degrees C, the @entity221 was brought about by an increase in metabolic heat production and a @entity551 flow. Also, there was an increase in Eres in response to @entity3826 at 22 degrees C Ta. 4. The data, in general, indicate that @entity935 agonist activates all effector pathways which modulate the autonomic processes of thermoregulation (i.e. respiratory @entity393 , peripheral vasomotor tone and metabolism), and that the @entity935 antagonist inhibits the activity in all three effector pathways. Such a clear pattern of results is readily expressible in terms of the 'Bligh' model dealing with the aminergic mechanisms of temperature regulation.

title: Effects of dopaminergic antagonist and agonist on thermoregulation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in ear blood']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['heat loss']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in both the ear blood flow', 'decrease in ear blood']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic surgery for @entity674 carries a risk of intraoperative @entity5 dissemination. To avoid @entity5 dissemination, we have utilized a "non-touch" method for surgical resection of @entity674 since 2000. METHODS: Forty-two @entity1 with @entity1820 were treated at our institution between 2000 and 2012. Laparoscopic wedge resection of the stomach was used as the standard procedure for @entity5 that were 2-5 cm in size. @entity5 larger than 5 cm were treated with open surgery. Our non-touch procedure included a lesion-lifting method using traction sutures at the normal stomach wall around the @entity5 . Intraoperative gastroscopy was utilized to confirm the location of the @entity5 with laparoscopy. After lifting of the @entity5 , @entity5 with a clear operative margin were resected using a linear stapler. @entity5 located at the posterior wall of the stomach or located near the esophagogastric junction were resected using traction sutures. RESULTS: Median operative time was 140 min and median @entity190 was 0 ml. Postoperative course was uneventful excepting one @entity1 who experienced @entity86 . The median postoperative stay was 7 days. One @entity1 developed @entity409 after surgery. None of the @entity1 had local recurrence or peritoneal recurrence case. CONCLUSION: This non-touch lesion-lifting method was useful for the surgical management of @entity1820 .

title: Laparoscopic wedge resection of the stomach for @entity674 ( XXXX ): non-touch lesion lifting method.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastric GIST']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['GIST']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Methylation of promoter region is the major mechanism affecting gene expression in @entity5 . Recent methylome studies of @entity1313 revealed a list of new epigenetically modified genes. Our aim was to study promoter methylation of newly identified epigenetically silenced genes together with already known epigenetic markers and evaluate its separate and concomitant role in @entity463 genesis and @entity1 outcome. METHODS: The methylation status of @entity8724 , @entity14047 , @entity43289 , @entity4107 , and @entity8186 in 76 @entity1 with primary @entity463 was investigated. Methylation-specific PCR reaction was performed using @entity9736 treated DNA. Evaluating @entity463 @entity1 survival time after operation, @entity1 data and gene methylation effect on survival was estimated using survival analysis. RESULTS: The overwhelming majority (97.3%) of @entity5 were methylated in at least one of five genes tested. In @entity463 specimens gene methylation was observed as follows: @entity8724 in 51.3%, @entity43289 in 68.4%, @entity14047 in 46.1%, @entity4107 in 41.3% and @entity8186 in 56.8% of @entity5 . Methylation of @entity8724 was associated with younger @entity1 age (p < 0.05), while @entity8186 with older (p < 0.01). @entity8724 methylation was significantly more frequent event in @entity1 group who survived longer than 36 months after operation (p < 0.05), while methylation of @entity8186 was more frequent in @entity1 who survived shorter than 36 months (p < 0.05). Cox regression analysis showed @entity1 age, treatment, @entity8724 , @entity43289 and @entity8186 as independent predictors for @entity463 @entity1 outcome (p < 0.05). @entity8724 and @entity43289 were independent predictors for @entity1 survival in younger @entity1 ' group, while there were no significant associations observed in older @entity1 ' group when adjusted for therapy. CONCLUSIONS: High methylation frequency of tested genes shows heterogeneity of @entity463 epigenome and the importance of @entity8724 , @entity43289 and @entity8186 genes methylation in @entity463 @entity1 outcome.

title: @entity8724 , @entity43289 , @entity14047 , XXXX , and @entity8186 gene promoter methylation in @entity463 .

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity9736 :: ('MESH:C042345', 'Chemical') :: ['bisulfite']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity4107 :: (3126,Gene) :: ['DR4']


abstract: The efficiency of cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is poor in livestock with approximately 5% of transferred cloned embryos developing to term. SCNT is associated with gross @entity2526 . We aimed to identify defects in placental histology and gene expression in failing ovine cloned pregnancies to better understand why so many clones generated by SCNT die in utero. Placentomes from SCNT pregnancies (n = 9) and age matched, naturally mated controls (n = 20) were collected at two gestational age ranges (105-134 days and 135-154 days; term = 147 days). There was no effect of cloning on total placental weight. However, cloning reduced the number of placentomes at both gestational ages (105-134 days: control 55.0 +/- 4.2, clone 44.7 +/- 8.0 and 135-154 days: control 72.2 +/- 5.1, clone 36.6 +/- 5.1; P < 0.001) and increased the mean individual placentome weight (105-134 days: control 10.6 +/- 1.3 g, clone 18.6 +/- 2.8 g and 135-154 days: control 6.6 +/- 0.6 g, clone 7.0 +/- 2.0 g; P < 0.02). Placentomes from cloned pregnancies had a significant volume of shed trophoblast and fetal @entity548 , absent in controls, at both gestational age ranges (P < 0.001) that was shown to be apoptotic by activated @entity40794 immunoreactivity. Consequently, the volume of intact trophoblast was reduced and the arithmetic mean barrier thickness of trophoblast through which exchange occurs was altered (P < 0.001) at both gestational age ranges in clones. In addition, cloning reduced placental expression of key genes in placental differentiation and function. Thus, cloning by SCNT results in both gross and @entity5028 . We speculate that trophoblast apoptosis, shedding, and @entity548 may be causal in @entity5617 in ovine clones.

title: Somatic cell nuclear transfer in the sheep induces XXXX that likely precede fetal demise.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'villous hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5028 :: ('MESH:D010922', 'Disease') :: ['microscopic placental abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['placental structural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal death']

answer: @entity5028 :: (MESH:D010922,Disease) :: ['placental defects']


abstract: One hundred and forty-seven consecutive @entity1 with previously untreated high-intermedium and high clinical risk @entity4812 ( @entity4812 ) were included in a prospective clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of escalating doses of @entity1259 compared to standard doses in the CEOP-Bleo ( @entity786 , @entity1259 , @entity1891 and @entity229 and @entity1732 ) regimen, 55% of the @entity1 were > 60 years old and most @entity1 had adverse prognostic factors at diagnosis. Complete response rates were similar in both groups (68% in the standard dose compared to 73% in the escalating arm, (p = 0.5). However, time to treatment failure (TFF) and overall survival were better after escalating doses. At 3-years @entity19246 at a medial follow-up of 33.6 months was 76% in the @entity1 whose received escalating dose statistical different to 37% of the @entity1 whose received standard doses (p < .01). Overall survival was 81% in the escalated therapy arm which is statistical different to 40% of the @entity1 treated with standard doses (p < .01). @entity137 was mild in both arms. @entity1398 , @entity33 and @entity1370 were mild in the escalated dose arm and no severe complications were observed. All @entity1 received the planned doses of all drugs. @entity1 > 60 years old had the same CR rate, @entity19246 and overall survival as younger @entity1 . In conclusion it seems that the dose of @entity1259 can be increased in combination chemotherapy regimens with safety and only mild @entity137 . The CR rate was not superior compared to the standard dose but the @entity19246 and overall survival were better. Longer follow-up periods are required in order to determine if the cure rate can also be improved. Older @entity1 can also benefit because they also tolerated the increase in @entity1259 without severe side effects and also improved their outcome. The use of more aggressive regimens with increase in dose intensity may be the treatment of choice for more @entity1 poor prognosis, with @entity4812 provided there is no increase in @entity137 . In this respect the use of @entity1259 in higher doses/appears to be useful.

title: Dose escalation of XXXX in the CEOP-BLEO regimen: a controlled clinical trial comparing standard doses for the treatment of @entity4812 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity4812 :: ('MESH:D016403', 'Disease') :: ['DLCL', 'diffuse large cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['epirubicin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is evidence of an increased prevalence of @entity66 in @entity1467 . AIMS: To investigate the association, @entity1 with @entity1467 and matched controls were examined. METHODS: Fifty nine @entity1 with @entity1467 residing in government institutions in the Hunter region of New South Wales were studied. Four were excluded (terminally ill = 1, uncooperative = 3). Each of 55 @entity1 was matched for age, sex, and residence with a control @entity1 . @entity1 with both positive IgA and IgG antigliadin antibodies were considered for endoscopical duodenal biopsy. RESULTS: Twenty one @entity1 and two controls had raised IgA and IgG antibodies (chi 2 = 19.4; p < 0.001). Tissue was obtained in 18 @entity1 . Two had characteristic flat, five pronounced lymphocytic infiltration not diagnostic of @entity66 , two @entity7014 , and eight were normal. In one the tissue was not suitable for analysis. There were few differences between the subgroups in their anthropomorphic, biochemical, or haematological findings. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity66 in these 51 @entity1 with @entity1467 is at least two (3.9%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0%-9.2%) and could be as many as seven (13.7%; 95% CI 4.3%-23.2%). In this community the prevalence of @entity66 in @entity1467 is increased more than 100-fold (x135-473).

title: XXXX is strongly associated with @entity66 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity7014 :: ('MESH:D005873', 'Disease') :: ['giardiasis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease']

answer: @entity1467 :: (MESH:D004314,Disease) :: ['Down's syndrome']


abstract: Considerable evidence has recently been presented that suggests that @entity842 (NO) is a nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) neurotransmitter in gastrointestinal tissues. One of the criteria that must be satisfied before this hypothesis can be accepted is that enteric neurons must be shown to contain the enzymatic apparatus necessary to synthesize NO. Specific antibodies have been developed for NO synthase ( @entity24975 ) isolated from @entity35 cerebellum, and studies have shown that @entity24975 copurifies and colocalizes with @entity1110 diaphorase activity, a commonly used neural marker. We used antibodies raised against the cerebellar @entity24975 to determine the distribution of @entity24975 -like immunoreactivity ( @entity24975 - @entity3162 ) in enteric neurons of the @entity235 proximal colon. We also tested whether @entity1110 diaphorase staining would label the population of neurons containing @entity24975 - @entity3162 in this species. A subpopulation of neurons in myenteric and submucosal ganglia displayed @entity24975 - @entity3162 and were colabeled with @entity1110 diaphorase. Labeled neurons had morphological characteristics similar to the Dogiel type I morphology. Cryostat sections showed @entity24975 -positive nerve trunks throughout the circular and @entity121 , but a high density of @entity24975 - @entity3162 was observed within the submucosal pacemaker region, as predicted from physiological studies. These studies provide the first morphological support for the hypothesis that NO serves as a NANC neurotransmitter in the @entity235 colon. The study also shows that the @entity1110 diaphorase reaction provides a useful method to label cells with @entity24975 - @entity3162 .

title: XXXX diaphorase and @entity842 synthase colocalization in enteric neurons of @entity235 proximal colon.

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal muscle layers']

answer: @entity1110 :: (MESH:D009249,Chemical) :: ['NADPH']


abstract: The relationship of @entity370 to @entity177 is not widely known by pathologists or clinicians. During an 8-year period beginning in 1980, we observed six @entity1 with @entity370 and clinically significant @entity177 (serum @entity1011 , greater than 260 mumol/L). In one of these @entity1 with @entity370 , @entity177 was attributed to unrelated primary @entity8 until renal biopsy specimen showed interstitial noncaseating @entity738 . The four @entity1 with @entity177 at presentation differed from the typical @entity1 with @entity370 because they were white @entity1 who lacked the usual clinical constellation of skin, eye, and @entity358 . All four had noncaseating @entity738 on their initial biopsy (bone marrow [3 @entity1 ], and lymph node [1 @entity1 ]), suggesting each had @entity370 , yet each had two or more follow-up biopsies before the diagnosis of @entity370 was accepted and appropriate therapy initiated. One of these four @entity1 underwent long-term antifungal and antituberculous therapy. The major causes of @entity177 in these six @entity1 were complications of @entity2741 and interstitial granulomatous @entity1310 . Except in one @entity1 with @entity11604 , @entity229 therapy resulted in a dramatic fall in serum @entity1011 level with resolution of @entity2741 . @entity370 is a rare, but treatable, cause of @entity177 . Early recognition by clinicians and pathologists may spare @entity1 from undergoing unnecessary biopsies and result in more timely initiation of therapy.

title: @entity177 in XXXX . A clinical and pathologic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity11604 :: ('MESH:D009397', 'Disease') :: ['nephrocalcinosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary involvement']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['long-standing sarcoidosis', 'sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4034 is a common inflammatory process caused by an @entity281 which is usually from gram-positive germs. Acute, subacute and chronic forms can be distinguished both clinically and radiographically, each of them presenting different patterns but which are not always easy to recognize. Besides clinical-laboratory data, imaging methods are also useful to make the diagnosis; in chronic forms, MRI has higher sensitivity in recognizing the active foci and the presence of sinus tracts than the other techniques. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined nine @entity1 with suspected @entity6275 with a sinus tract, all of them submitted to radiographic and MR examinations. MRI was performed with a .5 T magnet using a surface coil for joint studies; T1-weighted SE (TR 300-500, TE 20), T2-weighted GE (TR 500-700, TE 20, FA 35 degrees) and FIR sequences with fat suppression (TR 3000, TE 20, TI 100) were performed on the axial, sagittal and coronal planes. Three @entity1 underwent CT too. RESULTS: Radiography showed the @entity690 . CT depicted not only the changes seen radiographically, but also increased bone marrow density. MRI demonstrated active foci of bone marrow appearing as low-intensity areas in T1, with increased intensity in T2 GE and fat-suppressed FIR images; it also depicted the sinus tracts as areas of decreased signal on T1 and of increased signal on FIR images. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our experience and in agreement with the literature data, we believe that MRI is more useful to diagnose the active foci of @entity236 in @entity6275 , especially with T1-weighted SE and fat-suppressed FIR sequences.

title: [Magnetic resonance findings in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6275 :: ('MESH:C535456', 'Disease') :: ['chronic osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['Osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteostructural changes as osteolytic and osteosclerotic areas']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow and the sinus tracts']

answer: @entity6275 :: (MESH:C535456,Disease) :: ['chronic osteomyelitis fistula']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the use of @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ) in comparative monotherapy trials with its use in practice. BACKGROUND: @entity2050 is often the drug of first choice for partial onset @entity410 and is frequently used as the reference drug in comparative trials with newly developed antiepileptic compounds. There are several issues related to @entity2050 that may have an impact on the final outcome of these trials. @entity2050 has nonlinear time-dependent kinetics due to autoinduction, and this may cause adverse reactions on starting treatment; @entity2147 and rash usually occur in the first weeks and may be related to the dose and titration schedule. Total daily dose or the serum levels of the drug do not correlate with therapeutic efficacy. METHODS: Review of the current literature on the pharmacokinetics properties of @entity2050 and of comparative trials of new antiepileptic drugs that used @entity2050 as the reference drug. CONCLUSIONS: The use of @entity2050 differed in comparative clinical trials and in clinical practice, with slower and lower titration rates used in the latter. This may be disadvantageous for @entity2050 because its pharmacokinetics peculiarities are ignored. If @entity2050 is to be used in these trials, titration rates and dosages should resemble those used in clinical practice because this is likely to improve efficacy and tolerability. Otherwise, the results of these trials may support regulatory applications but have little relevance to clinical practice. We suggest an initial @entity2050 dose of 100 mg/d and a slow titration schedule with dose incremental steps of 100 mg/d every week up to 600 mg/d. Blood levels should determine the initial target dose, but after this has been achieved titration should be based on @entity410 control and tolerability rather than by blood levels.

title: XXXX in comparative trials: pharmacokinetic characteristics too often forgotten.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

answer: @entity2049 :: (MESH:D002220,Chemical) :: ['Carbamazepine']


abstract: Long-term potentiation (LTP) is often induced experimentally by continuous high-frequency afferent stimulation (HFS), typically at 100 Hz for 1 s. Induction of LTP requires postsynaptic depolarization and voltage-dependent @entity460 influx. Induction is more effective if the same number of stimuli are given as a series of short bursts rather than as continuous HFS, in part because excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) become strongly depressed during HFS, reducing postsynaptic depolarization. In this study, we examined mechanisms of EPSP @entity308 during HFS in area @entity1249 of @entity35 hippocampal brain slices. We tested for presynaptic terminal vesicle depletion by examining minimal stimulation-evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) during 100-Hz HFS. While transmission failures increased, consistent with vesicle depletion, EPSC latencies also increased during HFS, suggesting a decrease in afferent excitability. Extracellular recordings of Schaffer collateral fiber volleys confirmed a decrease in afferent excitability, with @entity393 and increased latencies during HFS. To determine the mechanism responsible for fiber volley changes, we recorded antidromic action potentials in single @entity1251 pyramidal neurons evoked by stimulating Schaffer collateral axons. During HFS, individual action potentials decreased in amplitude and increased in latency, and these changes were accompanied by a large increase in the probability of action potential failure. Time derivative and phase-plane analyses indicated decreases in both axon initial segment and somato-dendritic components of @entity1251 neuron action potentials. Our results indicate that decreased presynaptic axon excitability contributes to @entity308 of excitatory synaptic transmission during HFS at synapses between Schaffer collaterals and @entity1249 pyramidal neurons.

title: Decreased afferent excitability contributes to synaptic @entity308 during high-frequency stimulation in hippocampal area XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreased fiber volley amplitudes']

answer: @entity1249 :: (310218(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CA1']


abstract: @entity1239 is one of many substances that may be acquired through active and passive smoking of @entity286 . In @entity1 , @entity1239 is commonly consumed via smoking cigarettes, cigars or pipes. The addictive liability and pharmacological effects of smoking are primarily mediated by the major @entity286 alkaloid @entity1239 . High stress jobs favour repeated smoking and further reinforce addictive behaviours. There are elevated serum @entity3409 and lead levels in smokers resulting in @entity8 . @entity8 are accelerated by @entity1239 with an increased incidence of microalbuminuria progressing to @entity644 , followed by type-1 @entity6 induced @entity177 . Cigarette smoke-induced @entity8 is due, at least in part, to activation of the sympathetic nervous system resulting in an elevation in blood pressure. @entity1068 , @entity1239 , or concurrent intake significantly increases lipid peroxidation in liver, and decreased @entity224 dismutase activity and increased catalase activity in the kidney. This review describes the effects of @entity1239 , smoking, smoke extracts and other @entity286 constituents on @entity8 , and associated effects on the nervous system. Both active and passive smoking is toxic to renal function.

title: Effect of XXXX smoking on renal function.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Nephropathies', 'glomerular dysfunction', 'renal and cardiovascular functions', 'renal damage']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of sentinel node (SN) mapping with endoscopic submucosal blue dye injection during laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for @entity356 . METHODS: Thirty-four @entity1 affected by @entity356 without gross clinical serosal invasion and distant @entity3 were prospectively enrolled. At the start of the surgery, 2 ml of 2% patent blue was endoscopically injected into the submucosal layer at four points around the site of the @entity5 . Sentinel nodes were defined as nodes that were stained by the blue dye within 5-10 min after the dye injection. After identification and removal of sentinel lymph nodes, each @entity1 underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with D1 (n = 2) or D2 (n = 32) lymphadenectomy. RESULTS: Of the 34 @entity1 , 14 had positive nodules (41%). SNs were detectable as blue nodes in 27 (80%) of 34 @entity1 . The mean number of dissected lymph nodes per @entity1 was 31 +/- 10 (range = 16-64) and the mean number of blue nodes was 1.5 (range = 1-4). Only five (sensitivity 36%) of 14 N(+) @entity1 had at least one metastatic lymph node among the SNs identified. In these 14 @entity1 the sentinel node was traced in 12 cases. Sentinel node status diagnosed the lymph node status with 74% accuracy. In early @entity356 (n = 18), three @entity1 had lymph node @entity3 . These early @entity356 @entity1 with nodal metastases had at least one metastatic lymph node among the SNs identified (sensitivity 100%). CONCLUSIONS: Blue dye SN mapping during laparoscopic distal gastrectomy seems to be a feasible and accurate diagnostic tool for detecting lymph node @entity3 in @entity1 with early-stage @entity356 in which the accuracy of the method was 100%. However, in more advanced @entity356 the results are not satisfactory. Validation of this method requires further studies on technical issues, including selection of the tracers.

title: Sentinel node mapping during laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In EMR of early @entity356 (EGC), en bloc resection reduces the risk of @entity5 . Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) now allows en bloc resection of large EGCs. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively determine whether ESD is more advantageous than EMR for EGCs. DESIGN: EMR (825 lesions, 711 @entity1 ) or ESD (195 lesions, 185 @entity1 ) was performed. The en bloc resection rate, histologically complete resection rate, operation time, complications, and local recurrence rate were studied in relation to @entity1066 . SETTING: Hiroshima University Hospital. @entity1 : Subjects comprised 896 @entity1 in whom 1020 EGCs were resected endoscopically from 1990 to 2004. RESULTS: In cases without @entity1066 , en bloc and histologically complete resection rates were significantly higher with ESD than with EMR, regardless of @entity5 size. The frequency of @entity1066 did not differ significantly between groups. Average operation time was significantly longer for ESD than for EMR, regardless of @entity5 size. Also, regardless of @entity1066 , the incidence of @entity954 was significantly higher with ESD (22.6%) than with EMR (7.6%). Delayed @entity548 did not differ. In cases with @entity1066 , the incidence of perforation was significantly higher with ESD (53.8%) than with EMR (2.9%). Local recurrences were treated by incomplete EMR (en bloc, 2.9%; piecemeal, 4.4%). No @entity1 experienced recurrence after ESD. CONCLUSIONS: ESD increased en bloc and histologically complete resection rates and may reduce the local recurrence rate. Increased operation time and complication risks with ESD in comparison with EMR remain problematic. Special measures are necessary for ESD of ulcerated lesions to reduce the rates of perforation and incomplete resection.

title: Advantage of endoscopic submucosal dissection compared with EMR for early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'residual cancer']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to examine the association between childhood @entity458 (CSA) and @entity28 in a community-based sample of self-identified lesbians. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A diverse sample of @entity1 who self-identified as lesbian was recruited from the greater Chicago metropolitan area. @entity1 (n=416) were interviewed about @entity458 experiences that occurred before the age of 18. Self-reported height and weight were used to calculate BMI and categorize @entity1 as normal-weight (<25.0 kg/m2), overweight (25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2), @entity28 (30.0 to 39.9 kg/m2), or severely @entity28 (>or=40 kg/m2). The relationship between CSA and BMI was examined using multinomial logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Overall, 31% of @entity1 in the sample reported CSA, and 57% had BMI>or=25.0 kg/m2. Mean BMI was 27.8 (+/-7.2) kg/m2 and was significantly higher among @entity1 who reported CSA than among those who did not report CSA (29.4 vs. 27.1, p<0.01). CSA was significantly related to weight status; 39% of @entity1 who reported CSA compared with 25% of @entity1 who did not report CSA were @entity28 (p=0.004). After adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and education, @entity1 who reported CSA were more likely to be @entity28 (odds ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.4) or severely @entity28 (odds ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-5.2). DISCUSSION: Our findings, in conjunction with the available literature, suggest that CSA may be an important risk factor for @entity28 . Understanding CSA as a factor that may contribute to weight gain or act as a barrier to weight loss or maintenance in lesbians, a high-risk group for both CSA and @entity28 , is important for developing successful @entity28 interventions for this group of @entity1 .

title: Association of childhood XXXX with @entity28 in a community sample of lesbians.

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['sexual abuse']


abstract: 1. Ventricular mechanoreceptors are known to exist and can when stimulated induce reflex vasodilatation, but the nature of the effective stimuli and the physiological role of the reflex remain to be established. 2. @entity235 were anaesthetised with @entity4486 and a cardiopulmonary bypass established. Ventricular pressures were separated from those in the aortic root and coronary arteries by a balloon inflated in the ventricular outflow tract. Ventricular filling was controlled by adjusting the rate of inflow of blood through an apical cannula and peak pressure by regulating the outflow pressure from the same cannula. Carotid and aortic pressures were also controlled and vascular resistance was assessed from changes in perfusion pressure (constant flow conditions) to the descending abdominal aorta. 3. Increased coronary or carotid sinus pressure induced a significant vasodilatation. Changes in ventricular peak systolic pressure, without associated changes in end-diastolic pressure, had no significant effect on vascular resistance. In contrast, changes in end-diastolic pressure did induce vasodilatation that, although small, was proportional to the magnitude of the end-diastolic pressure change. 4. Changes in ventricular inotropic state induced by @entity452 infusion or by stimulation of efferent cardiac sympathetic nerves did not induce significant responses. Furthermore, the combined effects of reduced ventricular filling and increased inotropic state were also ineffective in inducing responses. 5. We conclude that, to induce reflex responses, the only effective stimulus to ventricular mechanoreceptors was an increase in filling. Compared with other mechanoreflexes, however, responses to @entity67 were small and seem unlikely to be of importance except perhaps during @entity67 .

title: Reflex vascular responses to independent changes in left ventricular end-diastolic and peak systolic pressures and inotropic state in anaesthetised XXXX .

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular distension', 'abnormal ventricular distension']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['chloralose']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: The study was aimed at investigating the contribution of retrospective memory to prospective memory (PM) functioning in @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ). Twenty @entity1 with @entity191 without @entity303 and 20 normal controls were recruited. In the PM procedure, sequences of words were presented; in the inter-sequence delay, @entity1 had to repeat sequence in the same or reverse order (ongoing task). At the occurrence of a target word, @entity1 had to press a button on the keyboard (PM response). To evaluate the contribution of retrospective memory to PM performance, we manipulated the retrospective memory load of the target words (i.e., one vs. four words). The results show that @entity1 with @entity191 were poorer than controls in all PM conditions (p  <  .01). The memory load did not modulate differentially the PM performance of individuals in the two groups. Moreover, in @entity191 @entity1 , the ability to retrieve the target words in the episodic memory task was associated, at a lesser extent than in healthy controls, with the ability to activate the prospective intention at the occurrence of a target word. Our findings confirm PM decline in @entity1 with @entity191 without @entity303 . This flaw cannot be entirely explained by @entity2414 . Altered self-retrieval processes might explain reduced PM performance of these individuals. This is a very relevant finding in the perspective of cognitive therapeutic intervention on PM that, in @entity1 with @entity191 , could be focused on mechanisms other than retrospective memory ones.

title: Decreased event-based prospective memory functioning in individuals with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['decreased retrospective memory']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ) in the @entity35 hippocampus induced by tetanic stimulation is impaired by chronic @entity1779 . The effects of chronic @entity1779 on other forms of @entity1162 are unknown. Such data could help delineate the pathways of cellular alteration caused by chronic @entity1779 . The in vitro phenomenon of @entity460 -induced @entity1162 was thus examined in @entity35 hippocampal CA1 cells that had undergone chronic hypoperfusion with a reduction in cerebral blood flow of between 25% and 50% maintained for 26 weeks. METHODS: Ten @entity35 had a cervical @entity2548 surgically constructed, and an additional 10 animals were used as age-matched controls. Hippocampal slices were prepared after 26 weeks of hypoperfusion, and in vitro extracellular field potential recordings were taken from the Sch  ffer collateral CA1 region. Properties of @entity1162 induced through transient exposure to a hypercalcemic solution were analyzed. RESULTS: @entity1162 was impaired in animals with an @entity2548 (P < .05). Control animals demonstrated potentiation lasting for the entire 2 hours of recording, whereas @entity292 animals showed only transient potentiation (< 60 minutes) before returning to baseline values. CONCLUSIONS: @entity460 -induced @entity1162 is impaired by chronic @entity1779 . This form of @entity1162 is different from that induced by tetanic stimulation. It is the most sensitive test available for in vitro detection of the changes induced in neuronal function by chronic noninfarctional reductions in cerebral blood flow of 25% to 50% and may indicate that the most basic cellular parameters involving @entity460 homeostasis and metabolism are being altered. The precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated, and several postulates are discussed.

title: Chronic XXXX inhibits @entity460 -induced long-term potentiation in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['LTP', 'Long-term potentiation']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hypoperfusion']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['cerebral hypoperfusion']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Object of this study was to evaluate the effect of the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) on @entity130 @entity1 mortality and the effect of prehospital time on the association between @entity341 and mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity130 @entity1 admitted to a level 1 @entity130 centre and treated on-scene by the @entity341 and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) between 2003 and 2008 were included (n = 186). A control group treated by EMS only (n = 186) was created by matching on ISS, age and severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ). Mortality was compared by calculating odds ratios (OR) and numbers needed to treat (NNT), with adjustment for prehospital coded Revised @entity130 Score. The effect of prehospital time mortality was tested by a logistic regression. Analyses were made for @entity1 with and without @entity131 . RESULTS: The OR of early @entity130 for the @entity341 /EMS versus EMS-only groups was 0.8 for @entity1 both with @entity131 (95% CI 0.4-1.7; NNT: 22) and without @entity131 (95% CI 0.2-3.3; NNT: 273). The risk of in-hospital mortality was non-significantly higher for @entity1 with @entity131 in the @entity341 /EMS group (OR = 1.3; 95% CI 0.6-2.7; NNT: -15) compared to the EMS-only group and non-significantly lower for @entity1 without @entity131 (OR = 0.9; 95% CI 0.3-2.5; NNT: 129). After adjustment for prehospital time, the risk of early @entity130 for @entity1 with @entity131 treated by the @entity341 decreased (OR = 0.6; 95% CI 0.3-1.6). The risk of in-hospital mortality for these @entity1 decreased from 1.3 to 0.8 (95% CI 0.4-2.0). The effect of the @entity341 on @entity1 without @entity131 did not change after adjustment for prehospital time. DISCUSSION: @entity341 treatment is associated with a non-significantly higher risk of in-hospital mortality for @entity1 with @entity131 and a non-significantly lower risk for @entity1 without @entity131 . This increased risk of mortality in @entity131 @entity1 is attributable to the increased prehospital time. These results indicate that @entity341 does not have a positive impact on survival.

title: The effect of @entity341 on XXXX @entity1 mortality in the Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['HEMS', 'Helicopter Emergency Medical Services']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma fatality', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate the association between hippocampal dose and long-term neurocognitive function (NCF) impairment for benign or low-grade adult @entity1313 treated with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Adult @entity1 with benign or low-grade adult @entity1313 were treated with FSRT per institutional practice. No attempt was made to spare the hippocampus. NCF testing was conducted at baseline and 18 months follow-up, on a prospective clinical trial. Regression-based standardized z scores were calculated by using similar healthy control individuals evaluated at the same test-retest interval. @entity73 was defined as a z score  <=-1.5. After delineation of the bilateral hippocampi according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group contouring atlas, dose-volume histograms were generated for the left and right hippocampi and for the composite pair. Biologically equivalent doses in 2-Gy fractions (EQD(2)) assuming an a/b ratio of 2 Gy were computed. Fisher's exact test and binary logistic regression were used for univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively. Dose-response data were fit to a nonlinear model. RESULTS: Of 29 @entity1 enrolled in this trial, 18 completed both baseline and 18-month NCF testing. An EQD(2) to 40% of the bilateral hippocampi >7.3 Gy was associated with impairment in Wechsler Memory Scale-III Word List (WMS-WL) delayed recall (odds ratio [OR] 19.3; p = 0.043). The association between WMS-WL delayed recall and EQD(2) to 100% of the bilateral hippocampi >0.0 Gy trended to significance (OR 14.8; p = 0.068). CONCLUSION: EQD(2) to 40% of the bilateral hippocampi greater than 7.3 Gy is associated with long-term impairment in list-learning delayed recall after FSRT for benign or low-grade adult @entity1313 . Given that modern intensity-modulated radiotherapy techniques can reduce the dose to the bilateral hippocampi below this dosimetric threshold, @entity1 should be enrolled in ongoing prospective trials of hippocampal sparing during cranial irradiation to confirm these preliminary results.

title: Hippocampal dosimetry predicts neurocognitive function impairment after fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for benign or low-grade adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['NCF impairment']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']