abstract: Using a prospective, randomized, and double-blind study design, @entity680 (n = 15), @entity3575 (n = 14), or @entity681 (n = 16), in combination with @entity3727 , were administered to @entity1 undergoing craniotomy for @entity5 resection. Physicians were given two syringes, one of which was labeled as "load" for the initial loading dose and the other as "maintenance" for continuous infusion. The concentration of drug in each syringe was adjusted to permit administration on a milliliter per kilogram basis. The target loading doses for @entity680 , @entity3575 , and @entity681 were 75, 10, and 1 microgram/kg, respectively, and initial infusion rates were 33.5, 2.0, and 0.3 microgram.kg-1.h-1, respectively. Additional supplementary boluses and changes in maintenance infusion rate were made according to predetermined guidelines. @entity5161 , in increasing 0.2% inspired increments, was used only when the maximum allowed opioid dose had been given (i.e., supplementary bolus doses equal to 75% of the calculated loading dose or supplementary bolus doses equal to 50% of the calculated loading dose combined with a 50% increase in the maintenance infusion rate). Opioid infusions were stopped at the time of bone flap replacement. Antihypertensive medications and @entity1510 were subsequently given at the discretion of the anesthesiologist. Group demographics were not different. Total volumes of drug were similar among groups indicating equipotent preparations. Administration of @entity5161 , antihypertensive medications, and @entity1510 were not different among groups. Although @entity551 seen with induction were similar among groups, @entity680 -treated @entity1 received ephedrine more frequently before intubation. Thirty minutes after entry into the postanesthesia recovery area, respiratory rate and pH were lowest in @entity681 -treated @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Anesthesia for craniotomy: a double-blind comparison of XXXX , @entity3575 , and @entity681 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['supratentorial tumor']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoflurane', 'isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decreases in blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity680 :: (MESH:D015760,Chemical) :: ['alfentanil']


abstract: AIM: This paper reports an investigation of the effects of the implementation of snoezelen, or multisensory stimulation, on the quality of nursing assistants' behaviour during morning care. BACKGROUND: Nursing assistants in long-term @entity303 care are often unaware of the impact of their behaviour on @entity1 functioning. Snoezelen is a psychosocial intervention that might improve the quality of caregiver behaviour by combining a @entity1 -centred approach with the integration of sensory stimuli. METHODS: A quasi-experimental pre- and post-test design was implemented in 12 wards for older mentally infirm @entity1 at six nursing homes. The experimental group intervention was a 4-day in-house 'snoezelen' training, stimulus preference screening and supervision meetings. The control group received usual nursing home care. The effectiveness of the intervention was studied by analysing 250 video recordings, which were assessed by independent observers using a 4-point measurement scale developed for this study and based on Kitwood's Dialectical Framework. RESULTS: The results showed a statistically significant increase in 'Positive @entity1 Work' and decrease in 'Malignant Social Psychology' (total scores) after the implementation of snoezelen. Nursing assistants in the experimental group also improved by statistically significant amounts on all subitems of 'Positive @entity1 Work'. The mean number of sensory stimuli, offered explicitly, increased. CONCLUSION: The implementation of snoezelen succeeded in effecting a change to a more @entity1 -centred approach during morning care. The results indicate that nursing assistants' behaviour can be positively changed provided that the new care model has been successfully implemented.

title: Nursing assistants' behaviour during morning care: effects of the implementation of snoezelen, integrated in 24-hour XXXX care.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Person', 'patients', 'patient', 'person']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: Over the next 10 years, @entity263 will be the cause of @entity204 in a large number of @entity1 . Perhaps the most feasible approach to reducing this mortality is early detection. The initial studies with transrectal ultrasonography demonstrate that this test is capable of detecting @entity263 that are not detected by the digital rectal examination. A reasonable conclusion from these data is that every @entity1 over age 50 should have a sonogram as part of his annual check-up. Unfortunately, routine screening may also lead to serious morbidity, yet it may not lower the mortality rate from this disease. Therefore, before screening is recommended, randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to assess the impact of routine sonograms on asymptomatic @entity1 . These trials will be costly and time-consuming, but worthwhile, as the variable biology of this @entity5 means that screening may not accomplish its stated goals. That is, it is entirely possible that life-threatening @entity5 will not be detected by screening in time to alter the outcome, whereas many of the potentially curable @entity5 that are diagnosed and treated would never have caused a @entity1 's @entity204 . The initial results with screening by ultrasonography are encouraging, however. Therefore, further studies should be pursued because of the potential benefit if screening by ultrasonography proves effective.

title: Screening for XXXX . Role of ultrasonography.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancers', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of @entity3 and usage of chemotherapy (adjuvant or metastatic) after primary @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) in @entity1 with clinical stage (CS) I @entity189 ( @entity189 )-predominant @entity5 . @entity189 predominance was defined as the presence of @entity189 at a level greater than that of any other histologic diagnosis. @entity1 AND METHODS: All CS I @entity1 with @entity10711 who underwent @entity1600 at Indiana University from 1990 to 1995 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Two-year follow-up was available for 292 of 320 @entity1 . @entity189 was found in 125 (42.8%) of 292. Eighty-five (68.0%) of 125 @entity1 with @entity189 had pathologic stage (PS) I, and 18 (21.2%) of this group of 85 relapsed. A significantly lower PS I relapse rate of 3% was found for @entity1 who had non- @entity189 (P <.0001). @entity34 was more frequent in @entity1 with @entity189 predominance, as 40 (32.0%) of 125 had retroperitoneal metastases, compared with 26 (15.6%) of 167 @entity1 with a non- @entity189 -predominant histologic diagnosis (P =.0024). Chemotherapy was administered to 48 (38.4%) of the 125 @entity1 with @entity5 after @entity1600 . This included 25 CS I @entity1 with @entity34 who received adjuvant chemotherapy in addition to 23 @entity1 who subsequently required chemotherapy for relapse after @entity1600 . Ten (66. 6%) of 15 PS II @entity189 -predominant @entity1 were cured by surgery alone. Currently, all 125 @entity189 -predominant @entity1 are disease-free. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity5 are at a relatively high risk for @entity3 .

title: Results and outcome of XXXX for clinical stage I @entity189 --predominant @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular cancer', 'CS I EC-predominant disease']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['RPLND', 'retroperitoneal lymph node dissection']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinoma', 'EC', 'EC-predominant disease']

entities_list: @entity10711 :: ('MESH:C537844', 'Disease') :: ['nonseminomatous germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['PS II disease']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['retroperitoneal lymph node dissection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aims to assess the efficacy of a combination of @entity3927 and @entity396 in the management of missed @entity2208 and @entity2099 . METHODS: Data of 220 consecutive @entity1 with @entity2208 , undergoing medical evacuation of the uterus were collected prospectively at an early pregnancy assessment unit in a tertiary referral hospital. Each @entity1 received a single oral dose of @entity3927 200 mg and 36-48 h later vaginal @entity396 800 microg. Three hours following the first dose, two further doses of @entity396 , 400 microg each, were administered vaginally or orally at 3 h intervals. @entity1 who failed to pass products of conception were offered repeat medical regime with @entity396 . Success was defined as complete uterine evacuation within 3 days, without the need for surgical evacuation. RESULTS: The overall success rate of medical management was 84.1%. @entity3927 alone induced natural expulsion of products of conception in 18.1% of @entity1 . The median dose of @entity396 required was 1600 microg and the median induction @entity2208 interval after first @entity3009 administration was 8.04 h (range: 0.58-50.54 h). Of the 142 @entity1 who were symptomatic at presentation the medical regime failed in 30 (21.1%), compared with five (6.4%) failures of the 78 who were asymptomatic (P = 0.007). Of the 35 @entity1 who had surgical evacuation, eight required an emergency curettage for @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: The combination of oral @entity3927 200 mg with vaginal or oral @entity396 is an alternative to surgical management of early fetal demise, although it is not as effective as surgery.

title: Medical management of early fetal demise using a combination of @entity3927 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['anembryonic pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['Mifepristone', 'mifepristone']

answer: @entity396 :: (MESH:D016595,Chemical) :: ['misoprostol']


abstract: Many studies have shown that @entity1460 and @entity6400 have a favorable effect on bone mass for postmenopausal @entity1 , but few data are available on young Asian @entity1 . To investigate the effect of @entity1460 and @entity3093 intake on @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and its change among young Korean @entity1 over 2 years, we conducted a longitudinal study for 34 @entity1 . The @entity79 was measured 3 times with 1-year intervals by dual x-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine and femur (neck, @entity26320 [ @entity26320 ], and trochanter). Dietary intake was assessed up to 8 times by 24-hour recall with average 4-month interval. During the study period, @entity79 increased significantly for lumber spine and @entity26320 (2.5% and 5.2%). The average daily intake of @entity1460 and @entity6400 was 39 g and 8 mg, respectively. @entity1460 intake and total @entity3093 intake had positive correlation on femoral neck (FN) and @entity26320 . By longitudinal mixed-model regression analysis, @entity79 increased 0.26% per 1 mg of @entity3093 intake per year in the FN and 0.31% for @entity26320 (P = .05 and .008). In conclusion, @entity1460 and @entity3093 intake have a positive effect on the change of @entity79 on the FN and @entity26320 among young Korean @entity1 . Because @entity1460 and @entity3093 intakes could be confounded by other nutrients, the positive effects of @entity6400 on bone should be further investigated.

title: @entity1460 and soy @entity3093 intake indicate a positive change in @entity79 for 2 years in young Korean XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3093 :: ('CHEBI:18220', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavone']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity1460 :: ('3847', 'Species') :: ['Soybean', 'soybean', 'soybeans']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavones']

entities_list: @entity26320 :: ('MESH:D029597', 'Disease') :: ["Ward's triangle", 'WT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: Around 10 % of @entity14 are locally advanced at diagnosis. There are higher incidences for sigmoid and @entity5 adhered to urinary bladder (UB) rather than other segments of @entity694 . Surgeons often performed partial cystectomy as possible for preservation of @entity1 's life quality. This study investigates prognostic factors in @entity1 who underwent bladder preservation en bloc resection for UB adherent @entity14 . METHODS: From 2000 to 2011, 123 @entity1 with clinically UB involvement @entity14 underwent primary @entity14 with urinary bladder resection. Seventeen @entity1 were excluded because of the concurrent distant @entity3 at diagnosis and another 22 @entity1 were excluded because of total cystectomy with uretero-ileal urinary diversion. Finally, 84 @entity1 with clinical stage IIIC (T4bN0M0, according to AJCC 7th edition) that underwent en bloc @entity14 resection with partial cystectomy were enrolled into this study for further analysis. RESULTS: Preoperative @entity4570 and positive CT result were significantly more in the urinary bladder invasion group (p = 0.043 and 0.010, respectively). Pathological UB invasion is an independent predictor of intravesical recurrence (p = 0.04; HR, 10.71; 95 % CI = 1.12   102.94) and distant @entity3 (p = 0.016; HR, 4.85; 95 % CI = 1.34         17.53) in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: For bladder preservation en bloc resection of urinary bladder adherent @entity14 , the pathological urinary bladder invasion is significantly associated with more urinary bladder recurrence and distant @entity3 . This result helps surgeons make decisions at surgical planning and establish follow-up protocol.

title: Outcome of urinary bladder recurrence after partial cystectomy for en bloc urinary bladder adherent XXXX resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity4570 :: ('MESH:D007412', 'Disease') :: ['colovesical fistula']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: The relation between splenectomy and survival time after curative total gastrectomy for @entity356 was reviewed retrospectively on 492 @entity1 treated at nine hospitals between 1989 and 1993. Altogether 260 @entity1 underwent splenectomy, and 232 @entity1 did not. A univariate analysis revealed that the survival time of @entity1 with splenectomy was significantly less than those without splenectomy (p = 0.0265). In a subgroup of our @entity1 stratified to adjust for the stage of disease, there was no significant difference between the survival rates. Splenectomy remained insignificant according to the multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional-hazard regression. The splenectomy group was associated with more risk factors (e.g., T3/T4 @entity5 , positive nodes, stage greater than III, large @entity5 size) that are powerful predictors of @entity204 due to @entity356 . In a separate multivariate analysis after eliminating those who had a T4 @entity5 invasion or a N2 nodal positivity from the analysis (or both), splenectomy again remained insignificant. In conclusion, we could not find any beneficial effect of splenectomy in @entity356 @entity1 in this retrospective multivariate analysis. We can presume that splenectomy cannot increase the survival rate so long as the splenectomy group has more risk factors than the nonsplenectomy group. Therefore randomized prospective clinical trials using more precise criteria to indicate the need for splenectomy are needed to assess whether splenectomy is beneficial.

title: Prognostic impact of splenectomy on @entity356 : results of the Korean XXXX Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: The concept of en bloc removal of tissue surrounding the esophagus was applied to intrathoracic @entity418 , and the first 80 cases were operated on by this technique between 1969 and 1981. Analysis of prognostic factors showed that only penetration through the esophageal wall and lymph node spread influenced survival. Since 1981, a new staging system based on wall penetration (W) and lymph nodes (N), as well as systemic @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and similar to the modified Dukes' system for @entity694 has been used to select @entity1 before and during surgery for en bloc resection if favorable pathology (W1, N0, or N1) could be anticipated. When curative resection was not attainable, based on preoperative and operative staging, a standard esophagectomy was considered for relief of symptoms when necessary. From July 1981 to June 1984, 68 @entity418 were referred to us, and 31 were resected by the en bloc method, 21 by standard esophagectomy, and 16 were not resected. The success of preoperative staging was confirmed, as only nine of the 31 en bloc cases demonstrated both W2 and N2 pathology. The proportion of W2N2 cases subjected to en bloc esophagectomy was less (p less than 0.01) than that in the preceding series. This selection of cases showed a favorable deviation in the survival curve following en bloc esophagectomy since 1981 compared to the earlier interval. @entity1 treated by en bloc esophagectomy had a significantly greater survival than they did following standard esophagectomy at all time intervals after 6 months. There was no difference in hospital mortality or complications between the two operations. Further evidence for the value of the new staging system was shown by the significant difference in survival curves between those with favorable versus unfavorable staging and treated by en bloc esophagectomy. Among all cases resected between 1981 and 1984, 18-month survival in W1 stage was 67% compared to 35% for W2 disease. Survival with N0 disease was 58% versus 43% for N1 stage and 21% for N2 stage. The favorable survival rates after en bloc resection in those with limited (less than W2N2) disease support the concept of selecting @entity1 for curative surgery based on preoperative and operative staging. Preoperative radiation therapy caused a significant decline in @entity1 survival at 6 and 12 months and has been abandoned.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Selection of operation for XXXX based on staging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'M']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exposing healthy @entity1 volunteers to @entity3964 -infected mosquitoes is an accepted tool to evaluate preliminary efficacy of @entity311 vaccines. To accommodate the demand of the @entity311 vaccine pipeline, controlled infections are carried out in an increasing number of centers worldwide. We assessed their safety and reproducibility. METHODS: We reviewed safety and parasitological data from 128 @entity311 -na  ve subjects participating in controlled @entity281 trials conducted at the University of Oxford, UK, and the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, The Netherlands. Results were compared to a report from the US Military Malaria Vaccine Program. RESULTS: We show that controlled @entity1 @entity281 trials are safe and demonstrate a consistent safety profile with minor differences in the frequencies of @entity4841 , @entity1295 , chills and fever between institutions. But prepatent periods show significant variation. Detailed analysis of Q-PCR data reveals highly synchronous blood stage parasite growth and multiplication rates. CONCLUSIONS: Procedural differences can lead to some variation in safety profile and parasite kinetics between institutions. Further harmonization and standardization of protocols will be useful for wider adoption of these cost-effective small-scale efficacy trials. Nevertheless, parasite growth rates are highly reproducible, illustrating the robustness of controlled infections as a valid tool for @entity311 vaccine development.

title: Comparison of clinical and parasitological data from controlled @entity1 XXXX trials.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['malaria infection']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['malaria infection']


abstract: Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy is routinely used to treat severe @entity1119 . It is usually performed at the T2-T3 level of the nerve, but may produce less severe compensatory hidrosis if performed at a lower level. This study evaluates the outcome of 1,274 @entity1 who underwent endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for plamar, plantar, axillary or facial @entity1119 /blushing. Half of the @entity1 were clamped at the T2-T3 level and half were clamped at the T3-T4 level. Postsurgical symptoms and side effects were assessed by interview. All of @entity1 with palmar @entity1119 were cured or improved. @entity1 with @entity1119 were more likely to be improved at T3-T4 level clamping. @entity1 with facial @entity1119 were more likely to be cured at T2-T3 level, but did show improvement at the T3-T4 level. Overall satisfaction was higher in the T3-T4 group. Some degree of mild @entity3190 occurred in all @entity1 . However, severe @entity3190 was more common in the T2-T3 group. Around 2% of @entity1 requested a reversal of their surgery. Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy is a safe and effective treatment for @entity1119 . Clamping at the T3-T4 level has a more successful outcome. In particular, it appears to reduce the incidence of severe compensatory hidrosis.

title: Sympathectomy for XXXX : should we place the clamps at T2-T3 or T3-T4?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['plantar and axillary hyperhidrosis', 'hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['compensatory sweating']

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['hyperhidrosis']


abstract: The DNA sequence specificity of @entity37749 (HDM) damage was investigated in the single-copy @entity1 beta-globin gene cluster in an erythroid cell line, a nonerythroid cell line, and purified genomic DNA. The target DNA sequences for this study were the beta-globin gene locus control region (LCR) hypersensitive site 2 (HS-2) and the beta-globin gene promoter. The DNA fragments produced by HDM damage in these target sequences were selectively amplified by the ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction (LMPCR) and analyzed at @entity377 resolution by DNA-sequencing gel electrophoresis. The DNA sequences damaged by HDM in the cellular environment were found to be similar to that observed in the purified genomic DNA. However, substantial differences did occur between the intensity of cellular and purified genomic DNA reaction products at discrete regions corresponding to transcription factor-binding motifs. This was most apparent in the LCR HS-2 at the tandem @entity19360 / @entity23601 motif, where the DNA damage activity of HDM was severely impaired. This motif has been shown to bind to the erythroid-specific nuclear factor-erythroid 2 ( @entity19360 ) and the widely distributed @entity23601 ( @entity23601 ). The HDM damage protection patterns or "genomic footprints" observed at this motif were probably caused by protein-DNA interactions with one or both of these transcription factors. This result indicates that the DNA damaging activity of HDM in cells is sensitive to bound nuclear factors. Because HDM can enter intact cells, where its DNA damaging activity is modulated by protein-DNA interactions, it may have application in genomic footprinting experiments.

title: Detection of protein-DNA interactions at beta-globin gene cluster in intact @entity1 cells utilizing XXXX as DNA-damaging agent.

entities_list: @entity37749 :: ('MESH:C001328', 'Chemical') :: ['hedamycin']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity37749 :: (MESH:C001328,Chemical) :: ['hedamycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been well documented that @entity28 is closely associated with @entity209 ( @entity209 ). Although body mass index (BMI) is the most frequently used method to assess @entity2973 and @entity28 , this method has been criticized because BMI does not always reflect true body fatness, which may be better evaluated by assessment of body fat and fat-free mass. The objective of this study was to investigate the best indicator to predict the presence of @entity209 among fat mass index, BMI and percentage of body fat (BF %) and determine its optimal cut-off value in the screening of @entity209 in practice. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 1698 subjects (aged 20-79 years) who participated in the annual health check-ups was employed. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Fat mass index (FMI) was calculated. Sex-specific FMI quartiles were defined as follows: Q1: <4.39, Q2:4.39-   <   5.65, Q3:5.65-   <   7.03, Q4:>= 7.03,in @entity1 ; and Q1:<5.25, Q2:5.25-   <   6.33, Q3:6.33-   <   7.93,Q4:>= 7.93, in @entity1 . @entity209 was defined by National @entity165 Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. The association between FMI quartiles and @entity209 was assessed using Binary logistic regression. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to determine optimal cutoff points for BMI,BF% and FMI in relation to the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity in @entity1 and @entity1 . RESULTS: The adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for the presence of @entity209 in the highest FMI quartile versus lowest quartile were 79.143(21.243-294.852) for @entity1 (P   <   0.01) and 52.039(4.144-653.436) for @entity1 (P   <   0.01) after adjusting age, BMI, BF%, TC, LDL, CRP, smoking status and exercise status, and the odds ratios were 9.166(2.157-38.952) for @entity1 (P   <   0.01) and 25.574(1.945-336.228) for @entity1 (P   <   0.05) when WC was also added into the adjustment. It was determined that BMI values of 27.45 and 23.85 kg/m2, BF% of 23.95% and 31.35% and FMI of 7.00 and 7.90 kg/m2 were the optimal cutoff values to predict the presence of @entity209 among @entity1 and @entity1 according to the ROC curve analysis. Among the indicators used to predict @entity209 , FMI was the index that showed the greatest area under the ROC curve in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: Higher FMI levels appear to be independently and positively associated with the presence of @entity209 regardless of BMI and BF%. FMI seems to be a better screening tool in prediction of the presence of @entity209 than BMI and percentage of body fat in @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: The utility of fat mass index vs. body mass index and percentage of body fat in the screening of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2973 :: ('MESH:D050177', 'Disease') :: ['overweightness']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) are at increased risk of @entity204 ; this is particularly apparent for @entity1 with mutations of the troponin T gene. Myocyte disarray and @entity82 , pathological features of @entity1121 , may be determinants in these deaths. The relation between genotype, pathological phenotype, and mode of death has not been explored. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seventy-five hearts with @entity1121 were examined. DNA was available in 50 for screening of the troponin T gene. The macroscopic findings, percentage of disarray, percentage of @entity82 , and percentage of @entity6249 were correlated with the genotype. A troponin T mutation was identified in 9 of the 50 @entity1 , 8 of whom died suddenly. @entity1 with a troponin T mutation were younger (mean age, 21.0 years [range, 6 to 37] versus 39.1 years [range, 14 to 72]; P<0.0001), had more @entity944 (P=0.02), and had lower heart weights, less @entity82 , and greater disarray than other @entity1121 @entity1 (mean heart weight, 380.3+/-105.4 versus 585.0+/-245.7 g, P=0.002; mean @entity82 , 0.7+/-0.4% versus 2.6+/-2.8%, P=0.001; mean disarray, 46.2+/-7.2% versus 24.1+/-15.9%, P<0.0001; and mean @entity6249 , 11.7+/-14.6 versus 14.1+/-8.7, P=0.6, respectively). Similarly, @entity1 with troponin T mutations who died suddenly had lower heart weights and greater disarray than @entity1 who died suddenly with unknown genotype (ie, troponin T mutation excluded) (mean heart weight, 429.8+/-75.4 versus 559.6+/-204.43 g, P=0.04, and mean disarray, 40.1+/-9.4% versus 20.2+/-12.6%, P=0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with troponin T mutations had severe disarray, with only mild @entity1184 and @entity82 . These @entity1 died suddenly and at an especially early age. We propose that extensive myocyte disarray in the absence of marked @entity1184 is the pathological substrate for @entity944 in these @entity1 .

title: @entity1121 : histopathological features of XXXX in cardiac troponin T disease.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['small-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['premature death']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['sudden death']


abstract: AIM: The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence and extent of @entity8032 in @entity1 treated with @entity460 channel blockers for @entity65 . BACKGROUND: @entity460 channel blockers are widely used in the treatment of @entity101 , @entity951 , and cardiacarrythmias. @entity8032 resulting from the use of @entity460 channel blockers is of primary concern to dentists. The purpose of the present study is to determine the prevalence and extent of @entity8032 in @entity1 treated with @entity460 channel blockers for various @entity65 , to assess their periodontal status and to correlate the factors like age, sex, duration, dosage, type of drugs that result in @entity8032 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was done in cardiac @entity1 treated with @entity460 channel blockers, visiting The Railway hospital, Perumbur, Chennai. Information regarding medical history, type, duration, dosage of medication were recorded and analyzed. The periodontal condition of the @entity1 was assessed using the plaque index, gingival index, calculus index, @entity548 index, and extent of @entity8032 using appropriate indices. The data was later subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: In this study, a total of 213 cardiac @entity1 (145 males and 68 females) who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were screened. The @entity1 were between 19 and 69 years. CONCLUSIONS: From the results of the present study it can be concluded that @entity8032 does occur with @entity460 channel blockers. Elderly males appeared to be more susceptible to the development of drug-induced @entity8032 , which was independent of dosage, duration of drug administered but the presence of local factors seemed to aggravate the same.

title: Prevalence of gingival enlargement secondary to @entity460 channel blockers in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8032 :: ('MESH:D019214', 'Disease') :: ['Gingival overgrowth', 'gingival overgrowth']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['papillary bleeding']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['vasoplastic angina']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular diseases']


abstract: Preoperative biopsies or imbedded cytological cells will become more and more a primary source of tissue for molecular diagnostic analyses as a result of novel neo-adjuvant treatment regimens for several @entity5 types. Furthermore there is a growing need to examine @entity5 tissue. Hence, nucleic acids need to be reliably isolated and analyzed from small amounts of @entity406 -fixed and @entity982 -embedded (FFPE) tissue. The limited numbers of ( @entity5 ) cells in these samples make high quality and sensitive DNA isolation challenging. Also demands for faster turnaround times are growing. Therefore, we evaluated a fully automated DNA/RNA isolation system and compared this with a manual, classical routine molecular pathology method. We compared the quality of the isolates from both tissue cores and micro-dissection for detection of hotspot mutations in @entity984 , @entity817 applying hydrolysis probe assays. In addition we determined whether the automated method decreases the hands-on-time and turnaround times in routine molecular pathology workflow. In conclusion, the automated method delivers high quality DNA from both small FFPE tissue cores and micro-dissected tissue material. In comparison to classical methods, less than 50% of starting tissue was sufficient as input for micro-dissection. Turnaround times decreased significantly and 50% less hands-on time was needed.

title: Assessment of a fully automated high-throughput DNA extraction method from @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissue for XXXX , and @entity817 somatic mutation analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['KRAS']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate @entity1 perception of @entity227 associated with @entity226 ( @entity226 ) and whether the perceived disability can be correlated with @entity227 . METHODS: We prospectively evaluated and compared the visual performance and quality of life survey for 20 @entity1 with @entity226 after 4 to 5 weeks of corticosteroid therapy and after one year of therapy. We measured visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and threshold perimetry and @entity1 completed the Activities of Daily Vision Scale (ADVS) and the short-form of the Health Survey (SF-36). The results were grouped by @entity226 affected or unaffected eye or by better or worse eye and reported as a decimal and percent impairment for acuity, log units for contrast, mean deviation and the @entity726 Intervention Study (AGIS) score for perimetry. The results for @entity1 with and without @entity227 were compared. Correlation analyses between ADVS categories and @entity227 , SF-36 categories and the presence of @entity227 , total @entity228 dose, systemic symptoms, secondary @entity101 or @entity6 , the presence of @entity174 , and visual performance were performed. RESULTS: Day driving was the only ADVS category significantly reduced at baseline in @entity1 with @entity227 (62.5) compared with those without @entity227 (96.3, P = 0.04). Modest to moderate correlations between ADVS categories were most frequent for percent binocular acuity impairment with day driving (r = -0.62, P = 0.017), with distance vision (r = -0.5, P = 0.02), and with glare (r = -0.59, P = 0.006); and the AGIS score of the worse eye with day driving (r = -0.66, P = 0.01), with near vision (r = -0.49, P = 0.03), and with glare (r = -0.48, P = 0.04). The baseline SF-36 scores did not correlate with the presence of @entity227 . The ADVS and SF-36 scores were similar at one year. The total dose of @entity288 only had a modest correlation with the one-year mental health score (r = -0.45, P = 0.05), but there was no correlation between SF-36 scores and other systemic side effects of @entity134 therapy. CONCLUSION: Except for the day driving score, the ADVS did not differ between @entity1 with and without @entity227 . The SF-36 did not distinguish between @entity1 with and without @entity227 and did not reveal significant trends. The ADVS and SF-36 did not reveal significant disability in @entity226 @entity1 and there were no strong correlations with any visual performance or systemic measures.

title: Visual function and quality of life among XXXX with giant cell (temporal) arteritis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual and systemic disability', 'visual loss', 'vision loss at baseline or systemic complications', 'visual performance measures']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fracture']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell arteritis', 'GCA']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Advanced Glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the time course, cause, and imaging characteristics of all new @entity409 in pediatric @entity1 with a previously treated @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our hospital cancer registry was used to identify @entity1 between 1980 and 2005 who met the following criteria: solid @entity5 , survival > 2 years after diagnosis, no @entity409 at a posttreatment baseline, and cross-sectional imaging follow-up of > 2 years. Final dictated reports of all cross-sectional imaging examinations including the abdomen were reviewed for any mention of new @entity409 . Positive reports were followed by consensus review of the images and clinical data. @entity1 were divided into three groups: those with suspected or proven @entity4383 ( @entity4383 ), those with suspected or proven @entity3 , and those with other lesions. An exact Wilcoxon test was used to evaluate the differences between the groups. RESULTS: Of 967 @entity1 who met the initial inclusion criteria, 273 had adequate follow-up to be included in the study. Forty-six @entity1 (16.8%) developed new @entity409 during the study period, and 14 of those 46 were classified into the @entity4383 group (30.4%) and seven were classified into the @entity3 group (15.2%). A significant difference was found in the median time to the development of @entity4383 versus @entity3 and other lesions ( @entity4383 , 92.9 months; @entity3 , 43.2 months; other lesions, 18.5 months; p < 0.0001). A significant difference was also seen in the median length of @entity1867 ( @entity4383 , 115.6 months; @entity3 , 57 months; other lesions, 50.8 months; p = 0.002). The imaging features of the groups also differed. CONCLUSION: The most common @entity409 encountered in pediatric @entity1 previously treated for @entity5 was @entity4383 , which occurred farther from the time of diagnosis and had different imaging characteristics from both @entity3 and other @entity409 .

title: Incidence and etiology of new @entity409 in pediatric XXXX previously treated for @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions', 'liver lesion']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['FNH', 'focal nodular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1867 :: ('MESH:D008796', 'Disease') :: ['follow-up between the groups']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens L.) is an herbal drug used to treat symptoms of @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). There has been a report that a preparation containing this herb has caused @entity1448 in one @entity1 and some indications exist that it may have the potential to produce @entity99 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of saw palmetto on @entity35 liver function by measuring its effects on several enzymes and formation of @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), a byproduct of lipid peroxidation. A significant increase in these parameters is considered an indication of @entity99 . Thirty-six @entity35 were divided into 6 groups of 6 animals each. They were treated for 2 or 4 weeks with a placebo or saw palmetto at doses of 9.14 or 22.86 mg/kg/body wt./day; that is, 2 x and 5 x the maximum recommended daily @entity1 dosages. After 2 or 4 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and blood was collected to prepare serum for enzyme assays, which were performed using commercially available kits. A portion of the liver was removed, and a homogenate prepared for the lipid peroxidation assay. Results showed no significant difference in animal body weight, enzyme activity, or @entity1865 formation at either time or dosage level, as compared to controls. The data indicate that at the doses and time periods tested, saw palmetto did not produce any significant effect on the normal biological markers of @entity99 .

title: Hepatotoxicity potential of saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestatic hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver toxicity']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity6 is increasing with ageing and changes in lifestyle in populations of African ancestry as described in the first part of this review. Apart from classical type 1 and @entity164 2 @entity6 , atypical presentations are observed in these populations, especially "tropical" and " @entity1270 -prone" atypical @entity6 . @entity1723 that has been classified by ADA as idiopathic @entity164 1 @entity6 or @entity164 1b is the most common atypical form. It is characterised by an acute initial presentation with severe hyperglycaemia and @entity1270 , as classical @entity164 1 @entity6 . In the subsequent clinical course after initiation of @entity2690 therapy, prolonged remission is often possible with cessation of @entity2690 therapy and maintenance of appropriate metabolic control. Metabolic studies showed a markedly blunted @entity2690 secretory response to @entity413 , partially reversible with the improvement of blood @entity413 control. Variable levels of @entity2690 resistance are observed, especially in @entity28 @entity1 . Pancreatic B-cell autoimmunity is an exceptional finding. Association with type 1 susceptibility HLA alleles is variable. The molecular mechanisms underlining the @entity2690 secretory dysfunction are still to be understood and may involve gluco-lipotoxicity processes, glucagon dysregulation, effect of stress, or may be genetically determined. The present review summarises the available clinical and metabolic features and suggests some pathogenetic hypotheses and principles of management for the @entity1723 .

title: @entity6 in Africans. Part 2: XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['Ketosis-prone atypical diabetes', 'ketosis-prone atypical diabetes of the Africans']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['Ketosis-prone atypical diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Abstract Background: Studies have shown that familial type 1 @entity6 @entity1 (FTID) have less severe metabolic derangement at presentation compared to sporadic @entity1 (ST1D), but data on long-term metabolic control are lacking. Objective/Hypothesis: (1) FT1D will have less severe presentation and better @entity4051 c over 5 years compared to ST1D; (2) HbA1c in the offspring will correlate with parent HbA1c in parent-offspring group; and (3) HbA1c of the second affected sibling ( @entity11548 ) will correlate with the first affected sibling ( @entity3419 ) in sib-pairs. Methods: Cohort of 33 parent-offspring and 19 sib-pairs; controls included 33 sporadic subjects matched by age, sex, ethnicity, puberty, and insulin regimen. Paired t-test and Pearson's correlation were used for statistical analysis. Results: At diagnosis, mean age in FT1D vs. matched ST1D (7.7  4.9 vs. 7.6  4.5 years), mean HbA1c (9.6% vs. 10.7%), @entity3157 (21 vs. 18 meq/L), @entity413 (428 vs. 463 mg/dL) and pH (7.35 vs. 7.36; p=ns) were not different. At 5 years, HbA1c (8.9% vs. 8.8%; p=0.81), clinic visits (12 vs. 12.5, p=0.68) and emergency room visits (0.48 vs. 0.24, p=0.10) were not different. In affected siblings, only HCO3 was different ( @entity3419 :18 vs. @entity11548 : 24 meq/L; p<0.01). HbA1c for @entity11548 correlated positively with @entity3419 (r=0.67, p<0.01). Offspring HbA1c correlated positively with affected parents (9.3% vs. 8.6%, r=0.57, p=0.18) but was not significant. Conclusion: Metabolic control at diagnosis and at 5 years was similar in FT1D and ST1D. In sib-pairs, the second affected sibling had milder clinical presentation compared to the first affected sibling.

title: Glycemic control in familial vs. sporadic type 1 XXXX @entity1 over 5 years.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The effects of @entity663 and @entity308 symptoms on psychophysiological responses in a social judgment task were examined in a sample of 101 healthy young adults. @entity1 performed a social judgment task in which they had to predict whether or not a virtual peer presented on a computer screen liked them. After the prediction, the actual judgment was shown, and behavioral, electrocortical, and cardiac responses to this judgment were measured. The @entity549 ( @entity549 ) was largest after unexpected feedback. The largest P3 was found after the expected "like" judgments, and cardiac deceleration was largest following unexpected "do not like" judgments. Both the P3 and cardiac deceleration were affected by gender-that is, only males showed differential P3 responses to social judgments, and males showed stronger cardiac decelerations. Time-frequency analyses were performed to explore theta and delta oscillations. Theta oscillations were largest following unexpected outcomes and correlated with @entity549 amplitudes. @entity4620 were largest following expected "like" judgments and correlated with P3 amplitudes. Self-reported trait @entity663 was significantly related to social evaluative predictions and cardiac reactivity to social feedback, but not to the electrocortical responses. That is, higher @entity663 scores were associated with a more negative prediction bias and with smaller cardiac responses to judgments for which a positive outcome was predicted. @entity308 did not affect the behavioral and psychophysiological responses in this study. The results confirmed the differential sensitivities of various outcome measures to different psychological processes, but the found individual differences could only partly be ascribed to the collected subjective measures.

title: Thumbs up or thumbs down? Effects of @entity663 and XXXX symptoms on psychophysiological responses to social evaluation in healthy students.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive', 'Depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4620 :: ('MESH:D003699', 'Disease') :: ['Delta oscillations']

entities_list: @entity549 :: ('MESH:D064726', 'Disease') :: ['feedback-related negativity', 'FRN']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['neuroticism']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the benefits of modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT) on motor function, daily function, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in elderly @entity64 survivors. DESIGN: Two-group randomized controlled trial, with pretreatment and posttreatment measures. SETTING: Rehabilitation clinics. @entity1 : Twenty-six elderly @entity64 @entity1 (mean age, 72 y) with 0.5 to 31 months postonset of a first-ever cerebrovascular accident. INTERVENTIONS: Twenty-six @entity1 received either mCIMT (restraint of the unaffected limb combined with intensive training of the affected limb) or traditional rehabilitation for a period of 3 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcome measures included the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), FIM instrument, Motor Activity Log (MAL), and @entity64 Impact Scale (SIS). The FMA evaluated the severity of @entity73 ; the FIM instrument and MAL reported daily function; and the SIS detected HRQOL. RESULTS: The mCIMT group exhibited significantly greater improvements in motor function, daily function, and the physical domain of HRQOL than the traditional rehabilitation group. @entity1 in the mCIMT group perceived significantly greater percent of recovery after treatment than @entity1 in the traditional rehabilitation group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest mCIMT is a promising intervention for improving motor function, daily function, and physical aspects of HRQOL in elderly @entity1 with @entity64 . The mCIMT was well tolerated by the elderly @entity1 even though it is a rigorous training program.

title: A randomized controlled trial of modified constraint-induced movement therapy for elderly @entity64 survivors: changes in XXXX , daily functioning, and quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairment']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['motor impairment']


abstract: One hundred and twenty-two @entity1 who had not conceived after more than one year of unprotected sexual relations underwent selective salpingography. All had been shown to have proximal obstruction of the fallopian tube by standard hysterosalpingography. The @entity1 underwent the procedure as outpatients during the follicular period. They were given prophylactic antibiotic treatment and salpingography was performed by a radiologist in an X-ray room. We used the commercial sets of Cook and Zorn. The mean age of @entity1 was 34 years (range 28 to 46) and the mean duration of @entity249 was 7.7 years (range 2.2 to 14 years). Two hundred and forty tubes were examined, of which 213 were cleared of obstruction (88.7%), with both tubes affected in 66% of cases and only one tube affected in 33% of cases. All @entity1 had at least one patent tube after the procedure. The patent tube was normal in 73% of cases (177 tubes) and abnormal in 15% (36 tubes). Catheterization failed in 11.3% of cases (27 tubes). Forty-nine @entity1 conceived spontaneously during the 2- to 12-month follow-up period, and 39 of these @entity1 delivered healthy babies. No extrauterine pregnancies or serious complications were reported. The most frequent side effects were @entity158 , @entity548 and @entity390 . One perforated tube was reported and none of the @entity1 died. The greatest difficulties encountered were a lack of cooperation in @entity1 with previous @entity158 experiences of hysterogram and catheterization problems in @entity1 with a strongly flexed or distorted uterus. Complications were minimal and the one case of tubal perforation at the beginning of the series had no serious consequences. Thus, selective salpingography should be used more widely because it is simple and more cost-effective than the surgical management of @entity5274 . Our results suggest that this procedure should be the first-line treatment of @entity249 caused by @entity5274 .

title: [Selective salpingography in the treatment of XXXX caused by proximal @entity5274 : apropos of 122 cases treated in Dakar].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['proximally obstructed fallopian tubes', 'tubal obstruction and artificial insemination']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['slight pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: AIM: @entity11552 is a very rare @entity5 . Nine cases are reviewed in order to identify new aspects of this @entity5 . METHODS AND RESULTS: The clinical course, histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of nine cases of @entity11552 were reviewed. Proliferative activity and @entity876 protein accumulation were assessed immunohistochemically. The @entity1 were aged between 18 and 70 years. In the cases with sufficient follow-up, survival was variable with two @entity1 dying within 5 months and four alive at 4 years. Histologically all @entity5 had an alveolar component but one case also had a spindle component and another case had a pseudoglandular pattern. Six cases showed @entity2283 immunoreactivity, one was muscle-specific actin positive, two were positive for @entity2281 protein and three were positive for @entity2277 . @entity1758 immunostaining was seen in up to 35% of cells. Two cases showed @entity876 protein accumulation. CONCLUSIONS: There appeared to be no correlation between short term survival (4 years or less) and clinical presentation, adjuvant treatment, @entity5 size, histological grade, vascular invasion by @entity5 , proliferative index, or @entity876 protein accumulation. Although unusual, spindle cell or pseudoglandular components can be seen in @entity11552 .

title: XXXX : review of nine cases including two cases with unusual histology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity11552 :: ('MESH:D018234', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar soft part sarcoma', 'Alveolar soft part sarcoma']

answer: @entity11552 :: (MESH:D018234,Disease) :: ['Alveolar soft part sarcoma']


abstract: Age has been included in various prognostic scoring systems for @entity259 ( @entity259 ). The aim of this study is to re-examine the relationship between age and prognosis by using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) population-based database. We identified 51,061 @entity259 @entity1 between 2004 and 2012. @entity1 were separated into 10-year age groups. @entity5 cause-specific survival (CSS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) data were obtained. Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox models were built to analyze the outcomes and risk factors. Increasing age gradient with a 10-year interval was associated with the trend of higher proportions for male gender, grade III/IV and summary stage of distant metastases. Both CSS and @entity1349 continued to worsen with increasing age, being poorest in in the oldest age group (>= 71); multivariate analysis confirmed that CSS continued to fall with each age decade, significantly starting at 60 years (HR   =   7.5, 95% 1.0-54.1, p   =   0.047) compared to the young group ( <=20). Similarly, multivariate analysis suggested that @entity1349 continued worsening with increasing age, but starting at 40 years (HR   =   3.7, 95% 1.4-10.1, p   =   0.009) compared to the young group. The current study suggests that an age exceeding 60 years itself represents an unfavorable prognostic factor and high risk for @entity5 in @entity259 .

title: The Trend of Age-Group Effect on Prognosis in Differentiated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['DTC', 'differentiated thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-specific death', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['Thyroid Cancer']


abstract: In rhodopsin's function as a photoreceptor, 11-cis-retinal is covalently bound to Lys(296) via a protonated @entity3364 . 11-cis/all-trans photoisomerization and relaxation through intermediates lead to the metarhodopsin II photoproduct, which couples to transducin (G(t)). Here we have analyzed a different signaling state that arises from noncovalent binding of @entity31643 (atr) to the aporeceptor opsin and enhances the very low opsin activity by several orders of magnitude. Like with metarhodopsin II, coupling of G(t) to opsin-atr is sensitive to competition by synthetic peptides from the @entity1473 termini of both G(t)alpha and G(t)gamma. However, atr does not compete with @entity5995 incorporation into the Lys(296) binding site and formation of the light-sensitive pigment. Blue light illumination fails to photorevert opsin-atr to the ground state. Thus noncovalently bound atr has no access to the light-dependent binding site and reaction pathway. Moreover, in contrast to light-dependent signaling, removal of the @entity17369 anchors at @entity2569 (322) and @entity2569 (323) in the rhodopsin @entity1473 terminus impairs the atr-stimulated activity. Repalmitoylation by autoacylation with @entity17369 -coenzyme A restores most of the original activity. We hypothesize that the @entity17369 moieties are part of a second binding pocket for the chromophore, mediating hydrophobic interactions that can activate a large part of the catalytic receptor/G-protein interface.

title: Diffusible ligand XXXX activates opsin via a palmitoylation-dependent mechanism.

entities_list: @entity3364 :: ('MESH:D012545', 'Chemical') :: ['Schiff base']

entities_list: @entity17369 :: ('CHEBI:45021', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitoyl']

entities_list: @entity31643 :: ('CHEBI:17898', 'Chemical') :: ['all-trans-retinal']

answer: @entity31643 :: (CHEBI:17898,Chemical) :: ['all-trans-retinal']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity703 are at risk for new @entity5 and @entity3 . Renal parenchymal sparing surgery has been performed to preserve renal function and quality of life, and prevent @entity3 . We evaluated a 3 cm. threshold for performing renal parenchymal sparing surgery in @entity1 with @entity280 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity280 and @entity703 were identified by screening affected kindred and by kindred history. @entity1 with small @entity5 were followed with serial imaging studies until the largest @entity703 was 3 cm., when renal parenchymal sparing surgery was performed. @entity703 greater than 3 cm. were resected without delay. Parenchymal sparing techniques were used when possible in each group. RESULTS: The 3 cm. surgical threshold was evaluated in 52 @entity1 with @entity280 (group 1) at a median followup of 60 months (range 6 to 205). None of these @entity1 had @entity3 and none has required renal transplantation or dialysis. In 44 @entity1 with @entity280 (group 2) @entity703 larger than 3 cm. developed. Median followup from the initial radiological diagnosis of @entity703 in this group was 66.5 months (range 0 to 321). @entity1 in group 1 underwent parenchymal sparing surgery instead of nephrectomy more frequently than those in group 2 (46 of 48 operations or 96% versus 45 of 72 or 63%, Fisher's exact test p <0.0001). In contrast to @entity1 in group 1, @entity3 @entity703 developed in 11 of the 44 in group 2 (25%) (Fisher's exact test p <0.0001). A total of 23 @entity1 with @entity703 were also identified. Median followup in these cases was 44 months (range 0 to 237). Ten @entity1 had @entity5 less than 3 cm. No @entity1 with @entity5 less than 3 cm. and 2 of the 13 (15%) with larger @entity5 had @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Using a 3 cm. @entity703 diameter as an indication for renal surgery no @entity1 with @entity703 and @entity280 had @entity3 regardless of the number of @entity5 . Using a lesion size of 3 cm. as a threshold for performing renal parenchymal sparing surgery may help to prevent @entity3 , @entity8 due to frequent surgery and renal dialysis or transplantation.

title: @entity703 in families with XXXX : prospective analysis of a @entity5 size threshold for renal parenchymal sparing surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['unnecessary renal damage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity280 :: ('MESH:D006623', 'Disease') :: ['von Hippel-Lindau disease or hereditary papillary renal cancer', 'von Hippel-Lindau disease and hereditary papillary renal cancer', 'von Hippel-Lindau disease']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer', 'renal tumor', 'hereditary papillary renal cancer', 'renal tumors', 'hereditary forms of renal cancer', 'Renal tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['hereditary renal cancer']


abstract: Increased cytosolic @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]i) and @entity842 (NO) are suggested to be associated with apoptosis that is a main feature of many @entity409 and is characterized by biochemical and morphological features. We sought to investigate the events of increase in [ @entity141 ]i and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) @entity460 depletion by @entity2426 (TG), a selective inhibitor of sarco-ER- @entity141 -ATPases, in relation to NO production and apoptotic and @entity39 markers of cell death in primary @entity35 hepatocyte culture. Cultured hepatocytes were treated with TG (1 and 5 micromol/L) for 0-24 or 24-48 h. NO production and @entity1506 ( @entity1506 ) expression were determined as @entity3542 levels and by @entity1506 -specific antibody, respectively. Hepatocyte apoptosis was estimated by @entity4124 activity, cytosolic cytochrome c content and DNA fragmentation, and morphologically using @entity13909 / @entity2667 staining. Hepatocyte viability and mitochondrial activity were evaluated by ALT leakage and @entity98 test. Increasing basal [ @entity141 ]i by TG, NO production and apoptotic/ @entity39 parameters were altered in different ways, depending on TG concentration and incubation time. During 0-24 h, TG dose-dependently decreased @entity1506 -mediated spontaneous NO production and simultaneously enhanced hepatocyte apoptosis. In addition, TG 5 micromol/L produced secondary @entity39 . During 24-48 h, TG dose-dependently enhanced basal NO production and rate of @entity39 . TG 5 micromol/L further promoted @entity2383 as demonstrated by cytochrome c release. A selective @entity1506 inhibitor, @entity5118 , suppressed TG-stimulated NO production and ALT leakage from hepatocytes after 24-48 h. Our data suggest that the extent of the [ @entity141 ]i increase and the modulation of NO production due to TG treatment contribute to hepatocyte apoptotic and/or @entity39 events.

title: XXXX , a selective inhibitor of sarco-endoplasmic reticulum @entity141 -ATPases, modulates @entity842 production and cell death of primary @entity35 hepatocytes in culture.

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity5118 :: ('MESH:C004479', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoguanidine']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1506 :: ('24599(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['inducible NO synthase', 'iNOS']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial damage']

answer: @entity2426 :: (MESH:D019284,Chemical) :: ['Thapsigargin']


abstract: The effect of @entity63 postconditioning (Postcon) in @entity753 animals is unknown. The objectives were to determine if @entity63 preconditioning (IPC) and Postcon reduce @entity1188 size in @entity753 animals and to assess if A1 receptors and K+( @entity855 ) channels are involved in Postcon mechanisms. Isolated @entity95 hearts were perfused according to the Langendorff technique and subjected to 30 minutes of @entity63 and 30 minutes of reperfusion (G1). In Group 2, IPC was performed (1 cycle of 5 minutes @entity63 /reperfusion) before 30 minutes of @entity63 . In Group 3 (G3), Postcon was performed (2 cycles of 30-second reperfusion/ @entity63 ) after 30 minutes of @entity63 . The G3 protocol was repeated in G4 and G5, but during Postcon, an A1 receptor blocker (DPCPX, 200 nM) and @entity5217 (K+( @entity855 ), blocker, 0.3 microM) were administered, respectively. The G1 to G5 protocols were repeated in animals fed with an enriched @entity165 diet (1%) for 4 weeks (G6 to G10). The @entity1188 size was measured by @entity5045 . The @entity1188 size was 16.6 +/- 4.6% in G1 and 25.8 +/- 7.3% in G6, and IPC and Postcon reduced the @entity1188 area in both normal and @entity753 animals (G2: 5.1 +/- 1.7% [P < 0.05] and G3: 5.4 +/- 0.9% [P < 0.05] in normal animals; G7: 4.1 +/- 1.6% [P < 0.05] and G8 4.8 +/- 0.9% [P < 0.05], in @entity753 animals). Both @entity3743 and @entity5217 abolished the effect reached by Postcon. Thus, Postcon reduces @entity1188 size in normal and @entity753 animals through the activation of A1 and K+( @entity855 ) channels.

title: Ischemic postconditioning reduces XXXX size by activation of A1 receptors and K+( @entity855 ) channels in both normal and @entity753 @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyltetrazolium']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glybenclamide']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare the two perimetric modalities, SWAP (short wavelength automated perimetry) and SAP (standard automated perimetry), on the point of conversion to @entity726 . METHODS: In this prospective, longitudinal, follow-up study, 282 @entity1 with @entity2790 were recruited consecutively and tested with both SAP and SWAP annually for 5 years or until the onset of conversion to @entity726 . SAP and SWAP perimetry was performed with the Humphrey Field Analyzer II using the 24-2 full-threshold test. Abnormality for both SAP and SWAP fields was determined on the pattern deviation plot and defined as either a) one point below the 0.5% probability level or b) a cluster of 2 or more points below 1% or c) a cluster of 3 or more points below 2% or d) a cluster of 4 or more points below 5%. Abnormal tests had to be confirmed on a subsequent test within one year to be classified as conversion. RESULTS: Of the 282 @entity1 initially recruited, 32 were excluded. Of the 250 remaining @entity1 , a total of 38 converted during the follow-up period; 36.8% of conversions were detected earlier with SWAP, 29% simultaneously, and 34.2% were not detected with SWAP during the follow-up period; 2.4% of @entity1 showed @entity227 that did not result in conversion during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: The results in our study are inconclusive. There were @entity1 with earlier, simultaneous, or no SWAP conversion, with SAP conversion as the golden standard criterion. One should consider both SAP and SWAP with confirmation when visual field loss is evident to maximize early detection of @entity726 , because it appears that each method identifies early @entity726 in a subset of @entity1 and these subsets overlap only partially.

title: Comparison of SWAP and SAP on the point of XXXX conversion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['SWAP visual field loss']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: Fourteen cases of @entity6444 ( @entity6444 ) and massive @entity381 associated with @entity417 and/or @entity882 (stage C) with or without mechanical distress underwent splenectomy. Eleven regressed to stage A and 2 to stage B. All 6 @entity1 with mechanical distress were relieved of their symptoms. Among 13 @entity1 with @entity417 , haemoglobin (Hb) level was normalised in 3, improved in 8 and showed no change in 2 cases. Among 13 @entity1 with @entity882 , platelet count was normalised in 10, improved in 1 and was unchanged in 2 cases. Mean Hb level increased from 89 g/l to 125 g/l and mean platelet count from 77 x 10(9)/l to 241 x 10(9)/l (p < 0.001 for both). Duration of response lasted for a mean period of 42.1 (CI 20.8-63.5) months. Mean survival after splenectomy was 44.5 months (CI 21.2-67.7). There was no operative mortality but 4 @entity1 had significant post-operative morbidity. It is concluded that splenectomy is beneficial in advanced cases of @entity6444 with massive @entity381 and @entity1503 .

title: Role of splenectomy in @entity6444 with massive XXXX and @entity1503 .

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukaemia', 'CLL']

answer: @entity381 :: (MESH:D013163,Disease) :: ['splenomegaly']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Multiple studies reporting @entity2383 in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) involve knockout or knockdown models to abrogate the expression of mitochondrial-related genes, including Parkin, @entity16901 , and @entity49274 ones. @entity2493 has significant neuroprotective properties, which have been related to its ability to boost mitochondrial bioenergetics. The meaning and molecular targets of @entity2493 in @entity191 are yet unclear. @entity3392 are an outstanding model of @entity191 because they are vertebrates, their dopaminergic system is comparable to the nigrostriatal system of @entity1 , and their brains express the same genes as mammals. The exposure of 24 hpf @entity3392 embryos to @entity5212 leads to a significant inhibition of the mitochondrial complex I and the induction of @entity49275 gene, responsible for enhancing y-synuclein accumulation, which is related to @entity2383 . Moreover, @entity5212 inhibited the parkin/ @entity16901 / @entity49274 expression, impeding the normal function of the Parkin/ @entity16901 / @entity49274 / @entity49276 network to remove damaged mitochondria. This situation remains over time, and removing @entity5212 from the treatment did not stop the neurodegenerative process. On the contrary, mitochondria become worse during the next two days without @entity5212 , and the embryos developed a severe motor impairment that cannot be rescued because the mitochondrial-related gene expression remained inhibited. @entity2493 , added together with @entity5212 or added once @entity5212 was removed, prevented and recovered, respectively, the @entity191 phenotype once it was established, restoring gene expression and normal function of the Parkin/ @entity16901 / @entity49274 / @entity49276 loop and, also, the normal motor activity of the embryos. The results show, for the first time, that @entity2493 restores brain function in @entity3392 suffering with @entity191 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity2493 rescues @entity3392 embryos from the @entity191 phenotype restoring the Parkin/ XXXX / @entity49274 / @entity49276 network.

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian', 'Parkinson-like disease', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin', 'Melatonin']

entities_list: @entity3392 :: ('7955', 'Species') :: ['Zebrafish', 'zebrafish']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction', 'mitochondrial impairment']

answer: @entity16901 :: (494085(Tax:7955),Gene) :: ['PINK1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are situations in every @entity1 's life that impressively affect her whole life. Pregnancy is one of those situations. Pregnancy period is usually accompanied with positive emotions for the @entity1 and their families. Sometimes @entity308 during pregnancy disturbs daily activities, acceptance of new roles, pregnant @entity1  s life responsibilities and pregnancy consequences. The goal of this study was to investigate the association between @entity308 during pregnancy and @entity3152 consequences and some personal characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cohort study in which the data were collected through cross-sectional method. Primarily, 10 health care centers in Isfahan were randomly selected. The subjects included 378 pregnant @entity1 selected based on the number of the pregnant @entity1 under the coverage of each health center. The data collection tool was a questionnaire which was filled in two phases. The first phase was during pregnancy and included both personal characteristics and Beck Depression Inventory II and the second phase was after delivery and included the subjects' pregnancy age at the time of delivery. Content validity and Cranach's alpha were employed for validity and reliability of the questionnaires, respectively. FINDINGS: Prevalence of @entity308 in the population studied was 26.7%. The results showed that there were significant association between @entity308 during pregnancy and @entity3152 (p < 0.001), the education of pregnant @entity1 (p < 0.001) and their spouses' education (p = 0.001), the pregnant @entity1 's occupation (p = 0.04) and their spouses' occupation (p = 0.009). There was no significant association between @entity308 during pregnancy and the @entity1 ' age of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the study showed a relationship between @entity308 during pregnancy and @entity3152 . Therefore, mental health counselors and programmers are suggested to have some educational programs about @entity146 health for midwives and the personnel who provide health care services for pregnant @entity1 .

title: The association of @entity308 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['preterm labor']


abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To explore the prevalence and intensity of @entity308 , @entity1295 , and @entity2 ; to examine the relationship of symptoms in a cluster; and to examine the relationship of the symptom cluster to quality of life (QOL). DESIGN: Secondary data analysis. SETTING: Online @entity2 support group. SAMPLE: 51 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2 . METHODS: Mailed survey with self-report of @entity308 , @entity1295 , and @entity158 measured by subscales of the Short-Form 36 Health Status Survey and QOL measured by the Fox Simple QOL Scale. Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analyses were used to examine the possible symptom cluster. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: @entity308 , @entity1295 , @entity158 , and QOL. FINDINGS: @entity308 , @entity1295 , and @entity158 were found in a majority of survivors, with @entity158 being the least common symptom. Fatigue was the most intense of the three symptoms. Two significantly correlated symptoms were @entity308 and @entity1295 . The cluster explained 29% (p less than 0.01) of the variance in QOL in the @entity2 survivors. CONCLUSIONS: The data provided preliminary support for the presence of a symptom cluster in @entity1 with @entity2 consisting of @entity308 and @entity1295 . The cluster had a negative relationship with QOL. Survivors of @entity2 have @entity308 and @entity1295 that affect QOL. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Healthcare providers must assess the potential for symptoms to cluster, adversely affecting key @entity1 outcomes such as QOL. Through increased knowledge of symptom clusters, clinicians will be able to more effectively target the most distressing set of symptoms for intervention.

title: Symptom clusters and quality of life in survivors of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pain in survivors of lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although effectiveness of fractionated radiotherapy for painful @entity79 is well documented, there are unanswered questions regarding the adequacy of low-dose short radiation schedules for long-term @entity158 control which give maximum benefit in @entity1 with a short life expectancy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Two consecutive non-randomized prospective follow-up studies were performed at a single institution to analyze @entity158 response and duration of response in @entity1 with a variety of @entity5 . Included were only @entity1 with symptomatic nonvertebral @entity79 and without impending pathologic @entity174 . Forty-five @entity1 received 1 x 4 Gy to 50 different sites (group I) while 86 @entity1 received 4 x 4 Gy to 96 sites (group II). @entity158 relief to irradiation was evaluated according to @entity1 interviews using a 4-point categorical scale. Follow-up was performed 7 and 90 days after radiotherapy. RESULTS: @entity158 relief after 4 x 4 Gy was significantly superior to 1 x 4 Gy with @entity158 control rates being 86.5% vs 48% at day 7 (after end of treatment) and 80% vs 55% at day 90, respectively. A subgroup analysis of @entity1 treated with 4 x 4 Gy demonstrated a more favorable outcome for @entity0 @entity1 in comparison to @entity1 with other primaries concerning @entity158 relief (96% vs 81%), @entity158 control after 90 days (93% vs 72%), median time to @entity158 progression (9 vs 3 months), and median overall survival (14 vs 5.5 months). CONCLUSIONS: In this study 4 x 4 Gy proved to be clearly superior to 1 x 4 Gy in relieving @entity158 from symptomatic nonvertebral @entity79 without impending pathologic @entity174 . Even if radiotherapy with 1 single fraction seems to be applicable in specific cases doses higher than 4 Gy should be chosen. In @entity0 @entity1 @entity158 control seems to be better compared to other primaries.

title: Effectiveness of hypofractionated radiotherapy in painful XXXX . Two prospective studies with 1 x 4 Gy and 4 x 4 Gy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone metastases']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone metastases']


abstract: @entity5115 is an important histological diagnosis signifying the presence of pre-invasive disease, usually needing intervention. However, the specific genetic changes responsible for the induction of this phenotypic change are unknown. Moreover, recent reports indicate that the @entity6349 phenotype may not be immutable: in basal @entity18432 ( @entity18432 ), unequivocal @entity6349 changes are seen in the crypts in @entity355 and other pre-invasive lesions in the gastrointestinal tract, but the upper crypts and surface epithelium associated with these @entity6349 crypts show the definitive morphology of a differentiated epithelium. The genotypic relationship between @entity18432 and the differentiated surface epithelium is presently unclear. We obtained 17 examples of @entity18432 : the lower and upper crypts and surface epithelium were differentially laser-microdissected from @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded sections and mutations were sought in @entity5 suppressor genes frequently associated with progression in @entity355 . We found two @entity1 who both showed a c. @entity46844 mutation in the @entity986 ( @entity986 ) gene and where the precise microanatomical relationships could be discerned: this mutation was present in both the @entity18432 at the crypt base and in the upper crypt and surface epithelium. We conclude that, in @entity18432 , the @entity6349 basal crypt epithelium and the upper crypt and surface epithelium show clonal @entity986 mutations, thus showing definitively that the surface epithelium is derived from the @entity6349 crypt epithelium: the @entity6349 phenotype is therefore not fixed and can be reversed. The mechanism of this change is unclear but may be related to the possibility that @entity6349 cells can, probably early in their progression, respond to differentiation signals. However, it is also clear that a heavy mutational burden can be borne by crypts in the gastrointestinal tract without the development of @entity66 . We are evidently some way from understanding the plasticity and the genotypic correlates of the @entity6349 phenotype.

title: Crypt dysplasia in XXXX shows clonal identity between crypt and surface cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5115 :: ('MESH:C567703', 'Disease') :: ['Epithelial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['phenotypic dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's oesophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity18432 :: ('MESH:D058739', 'Disease') :: ['crypt dysplasia', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's oesophagus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity1645 is defined as tonsillar herniation of at least 3 to 5 mm below the foramen magnum. Although @entity1645 is considered to derive from a @entity74 resulting in underdevelopment of the posterior fossa relative to its content, evidence for a possible heterogeneous etiology also has been reported. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the relationship between @entity1645 and @entity1032 , @entity10791 , and @entity302 to consider a possible specific pathogenetic background. METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 with @entity1645 were identified by use of magnetic resonance imaging during a period between 1993 and 1999. The study consisted of nine @entity1 (four @entity1 and five @entity1 ) who were affected by @entity1032 , @entity10791 , and @entity302 . All @entity1 underwent electroencephalography and brain and cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: All @entity1 were @entity1032 with a mean intelligence quotient of 50. Seven @entity1 had a positive history for @entity10791 , and five were @entity302 . Electroencephalograms demonstrated abnormalities in seven @entity1 . The mean tonsillar displacement was 10.1 mm. A thin corpus callosum and a wide cavum septum pellucidum were present in three @entity1 . Neither hydromyelia nor @entity1635 was observed. No correlation between the degree of the @entity3611 and clinical manifestation was noted. CONCLUSION: The association of @entity1645 with @entity302 , @entity10791 , and @entity1032 may not be a mere incidental finding but may be a marker for a different pathogenetic background.

title: Association of XXXX , @entity1032 , @entity10791 , and @entity302 : a specific disorder?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation', 'mentally retarded']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari I malformations', 'Chiari I malformation']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity10791 :: ('MESH:D007805', 'Disease') :: ['speech delay']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['mesodermal disorder']

answer: @entity1645 :: (MESH:D001139,Disease) :: ['Chiari I malformation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3509 is a frequent clinical problem and share in common a considerable potential for @entity204 and morbidity. @entity1104 [ @entity1104 ] debridement or decortication become popular and increase the available treatment options. The authors aim is to determine the efficacy and outcome of @entity1104 for management of @entity3509 in adult @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective study of all adult @entity1 treated for @entity3509 between June 2009 to Feb 2011 at Thammasat Hospital was conducted. Recorded data included demographic information, clinical presentation, laboratory data, microbiological data, operative details, postoperative course, follow-up data and complications. RESULTS: A total of 23 @entity1 [5 @entity1 , 18 @entity1 ] underwent @entity1104 debridement and decorication for treatment of @entity3509 . Their mean age was 57 [35-90] years. 17 [74%] @entity1 received preoperative drainage [percutaneous catheter drainage or tube thoracostomy] and mean duration of preoperative drainage was 7.6 [3-26] days. 8 [35%] @entity1 had @entity34 and underwent @entity1104 debridement while 15 [74%] @entity1 had @entity5 underwent @entity1104 decortication. Median postoperative hospital stay was 12.6 [7-48] days. Median time for postoperative intercostals drainage was 5 [3-30] days. Median follow-up time was 5 [1-20] months. Conversion rate to open thoracotomy for @entity34 was only 13%. There were 3 postoperative complications [13%]: wound infection [n = 1], persistent space [n = 1] and recurrent infection [n = 1]. There was no intraoperative @entity204 and 2 [8%] perioperative @entity204 [< 30 days] which were mostly unrelated to surgery. Of the 23 @entity1 , 20 @entity1 [87%] achieved satisfactory results with treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity1104 debridement and decortication is safe and effective treatment in the management of stage II and @entity5 thoracis.

title: Efficacy of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery ( XXXX ) for management of @entity3509 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III empyema']

entities_list: @entity3509 :: ('MESH:D004653', 'Disease') :: ['empyema thoracis', 'empyema', 'Empyema thoracis']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery', 'VATS']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II empyema']

answer: @entity1104 :: (MESH:D000267,Disease) :: ['VATS']


abstract: @entity6940 type E toxin was purified from culture supernates and from cell extracts by two methods. The specific activity [2 X 10(4) @entity19 LD50 (mg protein)-1] of the toxin purified from cell extract under slightly acidic conditions was lower than that [3 X 10(5) LD50 (mg protein)-1] of the toxin purified from culture supernate under slightly alkaline conditions. Both toxin preparations were activated by trypsin treatment, but to different extents, the degree of activation of the toxin from cell extract being about 30-fold higher than that of the toxin from culture supernate. The two toxin preparations had the same electrophoretic mobility on @entity214 - @entity2975 gels and antigenic specificity as revealed by agar gel double-immunodiffusion tests. The antigenic specificity of the two toxin preparations was unaltered by trypsin treatment. In @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis, a single band of Mr 144,000 was demonstrated before trypsin treatment and two bands of Mr 100,000 and 55,000 appeared after trypsin treatment. The two toxin preparations were labelled with 125I and chymotryptic peptide maps were obtained before and after trypsin treatment. The two toxin preparations without trypsin treatment demonstrated many differences in their peptide maps, but the preparations after trypsin activation had similar peptide maps. These results indicate that the toxin obtained from culture fluid was a partially activated form, and that its molecular conformation was different from that of the toxin from cell extract. Differences in specific activity and activation ratio by trypsin treatment may be due to differences in the conformation of the toxin molecules.

title: Activation of XXXX type E toxin purified by two different procedures.

entities_list: @entity6940 :: ('1491', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium botulinum']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity6940 :: (1491,Species) :: ['Clostridium botulinum']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of @entity2682 on subject self-report and physician-administered @entity508 scales in individuals with @entity15 . DESIGN: Prospective, double-masked, placebo-controlled, crossover design. SETTING: The @entity15 Center at the Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center. INTERVENTION: Subjects were titrated to either 900 mg @entity2682 orally three times a day or placebo over a 6-day period. Subjects underwent a 14-day washout and then were crossed over. No other changes were made to their medication regimen. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcome measures were divided into two categories: subject self-report scales physician-administered scales. Subject self-report scales included the @entity2473 frequency scale, @entity2473 severity scale, interference with function scale, painful @entity2473 scale, and global assessment scale. Physician-administered scales included the Modified Ashworth Scale, clonus scale, deep tendon reflexes, plantar stimulation response, and the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status (EDSS) Scale. Digit Span and Digit Symbol subtests of the WAIS-R Intelligence Scale were administered to assess for possible impaired concentration. The Fatigue Impact Scale was administered to assess for changes in fatigue. The adjective generation technique was administered to assess for alterations in mood. RESULTS: A statistically significant @entity73 of @entity508 was found in the @entity2682 -treated subjects compared with placebo as measured by the self-report scales of the @entity2473 severity scale, interference with function scale, painful @entity2473 scale, and global assessment scale and by the physician-administered scales of the Modified Ashworth and plantar stimulation response. No significant difference was noted in the Digit Span, Digit Symbol, adjective generation technique, and EDSS. CONCLUSION: @entity2682 reduces the impairment of @entity508 , compared with placebo, without the side effects of worsening concentration and fatigue.

title: XXXX effect on @entity508 in @entity15 : a placebo-controlled, randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin', 'Gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in the impairment']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple Sclerosis', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity2682 :: (MESH:C040029,Chemical) :: ['Gabapentin']


abstract: @entity2741 is relatively frequent in @entity5 with or without osteolytic bone @entity3 . It is thought that neoplastic cells may secrete substances which not only stimulate osteoclastic activity but are also capable of modifying the absorption, excretion, and resorption of @entity460 and @entity1391 ions. Since 1987, we have studied 24 @entity0 @entity1 with @entity2741 (22 with bone @entity3 and two without). The group of 22 @entity1 with bone @entity3 were divided into two subgroups. The first consisted of 10 @entity1 with high serum levels of humoral factors, such as @entity4293 ( @entity4293 ), and/or @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) and/or @entity1192 ), and high levels of bone markers, such as alkaline phosphatase, bone Gla protein and urinary @entity720 . The second subgroup consisted of 12 @entity1 with high levels of bone markers alone. Bone histologic analysis showed an osteoclastic activation surrounding @entity3 tissue in six out of 10 @entity1 of the first subgroup, while an evident @entity3061 caused by the @entity5 cells was noted in seven out of 12 @entity1 of the second subgroup. The two @entity1 without bone @entity3 showed normal biochemistry and bone histologic examination. The authors, having tried to explain the pathogenesis of @entity2741 , emphasize the importance of humoral factors secreted by @entity5 cells as a direct or indirect cause of @entity2741 . The origin of @entity2741 remains unclear in two @entity1 without bone @entity3 .

title: @entity2741 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercalcemia', 'hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity4293 :: ('5744', 'Gene') :: ['PTHrP', 'parathyroid hormone-related protein']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']