abstract: OBJECTIVE: To further characterize the clinical and pathologic features, disease associations, and @entity854 of @entity455 . DESIGN: Retrospective study of @entity1 identified from our institutional database from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 2000. SETTING: Tertiary care institution. @entity1 Forty-five @entity1 with biopsy-proved @entity455 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical presentation, histopathologic diagnosis, results of testing for @entity854 , and assessment of vascular status. RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity1 (71.1%) were female (mean age, 45 years; age range, 10-85 years). @entity66 occurred in 36 @entity1 (80.0%), @entity1066 in 31 (68.9%), and @entity194 in 32 (71.1%). In @entity1 tested, transcutaneous oximetry measurements were decreased in 20 (74.1%) of 27, and @entity5337 mutation (heterozygous) was noted in 2 (22.2%) of 9, decreased activity for protein C or protein S in 2 (13.3%) of 15, prothrombin @entity14553 gene mutation in 1 (8.3%) of 12, and @entity4555 in 5 (17.9%) of 28. Anticardiolipin antibodies were present in 8 (28.6%) of 28 @entity1 , and elevated @entity1255 levels in 3 (14.3%) of 21. Intraluminal @entity715 was observed in 44 (97.8%) of 45 skin biopsy specimens. Direct immunofluorescence disclosed multiple vascular conjugates in 31 (86.1%) of 36 biopsy specimens. CONCLUSIONS: @entity455 was predominantly bilateral, affected the lower extremities, and was associated with @entity1066 and @entity194 . Histologic evidence of intraluminal @entity715 was observed in almost all biopsy specimens reviewed. Laboratory testing revealed numerous @entity854 , providing further evidence of procoagulant mechanisms.

title: XXXX : further evidence for procoagulant pathogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Livedoid vasculopathy', 'livedoid vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral lower extremity disease']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['heterogeneous coagulation abnormalities', 'laboratory abnormalities', 'coagulation abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['lupus anticoagulant']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophie blanche']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['Livedoid vasculopathy']


abstract: One hundred thirty parasitologically confirmed cases of @entity234 were randomly divided in two equal treatment groups. @entity1 in group A were treated by infusion with @entity30392 (ABD), 1 mg/kg day on days 1-20 and the infusion was given in two hours. @entity1 in group B were treated by an escalating dose of ABD 0.05 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, 0.25 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg on days 1-5, respectively and then in the same dosage on alternate days. The infusion was completed in 6 hours. Total dose of 20 mg/kg remaining the same in both the groups, the treatment was completed in 20 days in group A and 43 days in group B. Clinical cure (subsidence of fever, improvement in general well being and regression in the size of the spleen) and parasitological cure (absence of parasites in splenic aspirates at the end of treatment) occurred in all @entity1 in both the groups. Sixty four (99%) @entity1 in each group had not relapsed clinically and parasitologically within 6 months of follow up and were ultimately cured. The two relapsed @entity1 , one in each group were treated with a 20-day course of ABD and were cured. Leukocyte count, haemoglobin, serum albumin increased (P < 0.05) and ESR, spleen and liver size decreased (P < 0.05) at the end of treatment and follow up. Adverse events were similar in both the groups. The minimum cost of treatment estimated was Rs. 14,500 in group B and Rs. 10,000 in Group A. Thus the newer mode of administration was more cost effective. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that newer mode of administration of @entity2379 was as effective and tolerable as the classical mode of administration and was no more toxic. The newer mode of administration of @entity2379 is more cost effective and puts lesser burden on hospital staff and is recommended for use in @entity234 .

title: A randomized comparison of classical mode of administration of @entity2379 with its newer modes of administration in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity30392 :: ('MESH:C059765', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B deoxycholate']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

answer: @entity234 :: (MESH:D007898,Disease) :: ['kala-azar']


abstract: A prospective phase II study of indications for surgery, using video-assisted mediastinoscopy (VAM) to detect mediastinal lymph node @entity3 was conducted in @entity1 with resectable primary @entity2 of clinical stages I-IIIA. According to the indication criteria for VAM, Group A @entity1 had @entity5 resection and lymph node sampling without VAM. @entity1 without detected @entity3 by VAM underwent thoracotomy and systematic lymph node dissection (Group B). Cases with mediastinal lymph node involvement confirmed by VAM were treated with chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy (Group D) or by thoracotomy (Group C) with extended dissection of mediastinal lymph nodes via median sternotomy. Of the 359 eligible @entity1 , 209 underwent VAM (Group V) and 150 had thoracotomy without VAM (Group A). Of the VAM @entity1 , 158 were negative for mediastinal involvement and underwent thoracotomy (Group B). Fifty-one @entity1 had @entity3 and were given chemotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy. After two courses of chemotherapy, 22 @entity1 with partial response (PR) or @entity66 ( @entity66 ) but reduced @entity5 markers received surgery with mediastinal lymph node dissection (Group C). The 2- and 5-year survival rates were 93.0 and 88.5% for Group A, and 89.5 and 61.5% for Group B, while the 2-year rate in Group C was 60.3%. In stage IA @entity1 , Group A 2- and 5-year survival rates were 98.6 and 95.1%, the respective Group B rates being 96.3 and 89.9%. The more favorable Group A outcomes indicated both successful selection by these criteria of @entity1 not requiring mediastinal examination, and the superfluity of complete lymph node dissection in early stage @entity5 .

title: Indications for mediastinoscopy and comparison of lymph node dissections in candidates for XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Microvascular decompression may fail to relieve @entity4254 because a compressing vessel at the root entry zone may be overlooked during surgery. Alternatively, effective decompression may not always be achieved with the visualization provided by the microscope alone. We theorized that the addition of an endoscope would improve the efficacy of microvascular decompression. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve in 114 @entity1 . Before closure, the endoscope was used to inspect the root entry zone. When visualization with the microscope was poor, the endoscope was used to identify an aberrant vessel and to perform or improve the subsequent decompression. RESULTS: Of 114 @entity1 who underwent microvascular decompression, 113 successfully underwent endoscopy. In 38 @entity1 (33%), endoscopy revealed arteries that were poorly seen (25%) or not seen at all (8%) with the microscope. At a mean follow-up period of 29 months, the @entity158 was completely relieved in 112 @entity1 (99.1%), all of whom were off medication. Complications included @entity809 in nine @entity1 and a wound @entity281 , partial @entity393 , and @entity393 in one @entity1 each. The overall complication rate was 9%. CONCLUSION: Endoscopy is a simple and safe adjunct to microscopic exploration of the trigeminal nerve. The markedly improved visualization increases the likelihood of identifying the offending vessel and consequently of achieving satisfactory decompression of the nerve. Thus far, the success rate has been high, and the complication profile is comparable to that of other large series.

title: Endoscope-assisted microvascular decompression for XXXX : technical case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal dysesthesias']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'complete hearing loss']

answer: @entity4254 :: (MESH:D014277,Disease) :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1759 , an integral membrane glycoprotein, may have an important role in early tumorigenesis, specifically, facilitating early @entity5 progression. Reports of the expression of @entity1759 in early uterine cervical squamous @entity105 are conflicting. We examined the expression of @entity1759 in microinvasive @entity189 (MIC), as yet unreported, and compared it to that in @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) 1 and @entity3146 3 to further elucidate its role in early squamous @entity105 . METHODS: Seventeen cases of @entity3146 1, 24 cases of @entity3146 3, and 20 cases of MIC were stained with antibodies to @entity1759 s, CD44v5, and CD44v6. Only membranous staining was considered positive. RESULTS: Positive membranous staining (>50% cells) was observed in 97% of cases of @entity3146 1 using all three antibodies. In @entity3146 3, positive staining was seen more often with CD44v6 (18/24) and CD44v5 (19/24) than with CD44s (6/24). Expression of CD44v6 was retained more often in MIC (16/20) compared with CD44s (3/20) and CD44v5 (9/20). Those cases of @entity3146 3 and MIC that failed to meet our criteria for positive staining showed either heterogeneous or absent staining. CONCLUSION: There is a qualitative and quantitative reduction in expression of @entity1759 in MIC and @entity3146 3 compared with @entity3146 1. Down-regulation of @entity1759 variants may occur later in neoplastic progression than CD44s. This pattern may reflect their important biological function in early progression by cervical @entity5 cells. Patchy and heterogeneous staining in more advanced lesions limits the usefulness of @entity1759 and its variants in the assessment of microinvasion.

title: Expression of XXXX in uterine cervical @entity5 : a predictor of microinvasion?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity1759 :: (960,Gene) :: ['CD44']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity298 is a common cause of @entity204 in @entity788 @entity1 . In this metastatic stage of the disease, few @entity1 show a sustained response to therapy. In the palliative situation, targeted and compartment restricted delivery of drugs offers the opportunity to focus drugs directly to the @entity5 site, which is a prerequisite for avoiding toxic side effects. Here, we demonstrate the therapeutic efficiency of biocompatible @entity4832 hydrogel drug eluting beads (DEBs) containing @entity632 , @entity2664 and @entity2600 in vitro and in vivo in a syngenic model of experimental @entity788 . METHODS: Panc02 @entity19 @entity3123 cells were exposed to @entity632 , @entity2664 and @entity2600 DEBs and free compounds. The effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis induction was compared. Using this cell line, peritoneal @entity189 was induced in C57 black6 @entity19 . Mortality, @entity5 load and therapy-associated weight loss were compared after treatment of @entity5 -bearing @entity19 with DEBs or free compounds. RESULTS: In vitro treatment with DEBs decreases @entity5 cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. The effect is less pronounced than with corresponding doses of the free drug. Repeated applications of the free drugs in vivo, however, induce significantly higher lethality and weight loss than corresponding doses of DEBs. No relevant differences in antitumoral activity were observed. Using computer tomography and HE-histology after subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injection of radiopaque beads no systemic spread of the beads could be found. CONCLUSION: DEBs show the advantage of delivering potent cytotoxic activity to the intraperitoneal @entity5 manifestation while maintaining a low systemic @entity137 .

title: Treatment of experimental @entity788 by @entity632 -, @entity2664 -, and XXXX -drug eluting beads.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl-alcohol']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['Peritoneal carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['irinotecan']


abstract: Evidence is accumulating that high levels of physical activity are associated with a reduced risk of some @entity5 . This evidence is most consistent for @entity694 , which is reduced by 40-50% among the most active individuals, compared with the least active. The effect is evident in @entity1 and @entity1 , and appears to be independent of important confounding factors. However, there may be important interactions with body @entity1386 ; a high BMI has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of @entity694 in sedentary @entity1 but not in physically-active @entity1 . Whilst the evidence on @entity0 is less consistent, case-control studies typically suggest a reduction of 25-30% among the most active @entity1 , although several studies have found no effect. Potential mechanisms include systemic influences and others relevant only to site-specific @entity5 . One unifying hypothesis is that physical inactivity reduces insulin sensitivity, leading to a growth-promotional environment which may facilitate @entity5 . The non-specific immune system may be improved by physical activity, possibly through the summative effects of repeated exercise bouts. Regular exercise, even at a recreational level, probably reduces exposure to @entity2931 and thus decreases the risk of @entity0 . Increased colonic peristalsis, and thus reduced bowel transit time, might partly explain the lower risk of @entity694 in active @entity1 . Physical activity emerges as one of the few modifiable risk factors for some @entity5 and, as such, justifies further study.

title: Physical activity and XXXX risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The routine examination of skin biopsy specimens embedded in paraffin and strained with @entity1710 - @entity1711 has failed to allow differentiation of @entity483 from other types of @entity484 . The use of 1-micron plastic-embedded sections permits the recognition of infiltrating cell types and blood vessel alterations, thus allowing a refined method to examine cutaneous lesions and permit better definition of cutaneous structures than can be achieved in routinely-processed specimens. Acute @entity75 exhibited marked epidermal intercellular @entity4 (spongiosis) and a dermal inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes, and activated lymphocytes with normal numbers of mast cells that exhibited various degrees of hypogranulation. Only rare eosinophils, neutrophils, and basophils were noted. Venular alterations included endothelial cell @entity1184 without @entity39 . In lichenified plaques there was @entity1373 with a dermal inflammatory infiltrate that included increased numbers of fully granulated mast cells and increased numbers of lymphocytes and monocyte-macrophages. Alterations of venules included marked endothelial cell @entity1184 and basement membrane thickening. Cutaneous nerves exhibited @entity17 and @entity82 . Also, increased numbers of Langerhans' cells have been noted in the epidermis of @entity740 . Despite the absence of eosinophils, major basic protein has been demonstrated in the dermis by direct immunofluorescence techniques. Studies of lymphocyte subsets have shown increased numbers of @entity404 + T lymphocytes.

title: Morphology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic eczema']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['vesicular lesions']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity484 :: ('MESH:D004485', 'Disease') :: ['eczematous dermatitis']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic eczema']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is the leading cause of @entity5 -related @entity204 worldwide due to the limited availability of effective therapeutic options. For instance, there are no effective strategies for NSCLCs that harbor mutant @entity984 , the most commonly mutated oncogene in @entity1149 . Thus, our purpose was to make progress toward the generation of a novel therapeutic strategy for @entity1149 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We characterized the effects of suppressing @entity3818 ( @entity3818 ) by RNA interference (RNAi), CRISPR/CAS9 gene editing or pharmacologic approaches in @entity1149 cells and in @entity5 xenografts. In addition, we tested the effects of suppressing @entity3818 in association with ionizing radiation (IR), a standard-of-care treatment modality. RESULTS: @entity3818 is a critical requirement of mutant @entity984 @entity1149 cells. With functional experiments, we also found that, in mutant @entity984 @entity1149 cells, @entity3818 inhibition resulted in persistent DNA damage and susceptibility to exposure to IR. Accordingly, administration of IR to @entity3818 -null @entity5 xenografts causes a profound antitumor effect in vivo CONCLUSIONS: @entity3818 is a novel regulator of DNA damage repair in mutant @entity984 @entity1149 and its pharmacologic inhibition leads to radiosensitizing effects that could be beneficial in @entity5 therapy. Our results provide a framework for the rationale clinical testing of @entity3818 inhibitors in @entity1149 @entity1 . Clin Cancer Res; 1-13.   2016 AACR.

title: @entity3818 Regulates the DNA Damage Response and Its Inhibition Radiosensitizes Mutant XXXX Lung Cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'Non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3818 :: ('5747', 'Gene') :: ['FAK', 'focal adhesion kinase']

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['KRAS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1486 doubling time (PSADT) is a prognostic factor after radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy respectively for @entity263 . However, its role in @entity1 receiving chemotherapy has not been evaluated to date. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 (pts.) with hormone resistant @entity263 were enrolled in a prospective phase II study to receive oral @entity8779 . The drug was administered at a dose of 35 mg on day 1 and 8 of each cycle, and treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. RESULTS: Fully evaluable for response were 26 pts. 13 of these 26 had measurable disease and 3 out of 13 had no change (NC) after therapy. Ten pts. had progression. All 13 pts. with non-measurable disease showed no response. PSA values increased exponentially over time in all pts., except for the 3 pts. with NC, in whom PSA values remained stable. Median PSADT of pts. with a rising PSA was 2.1 months (mean 2.6; range 0.7-6.1). CONCLUSIONS: PSA levels in pts. not responding to treatment with @entity8779 rose in an exponential fashion similar to pts. who were only on hormonal therapy. PSADT should be evaluated in a larger number of hormone resistant @entity263 pts. as a possible surrogate endpoint.

title: XXXX in as a dynamic model in @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8779 :: ('MESH:D015255', 'Chemical') :: ['Idarubicin']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['Prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['Prostate specific antigen']


abstract: PURPOSE: Elevations in @entity1456 (tPA) are postulated to protect against atherothrombotic events during exercise. However, fibrinolytic response to repetitive bouts of symptom-limited exercise is unknown in @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) @entity1 , a population with impaired fibrinolysis and increased risk for @entity63 events. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the fibrinolytic response to repetitive bouts of symptom-limited exercise in @entity3657 @entity1 . METHODS: Nine (8 male, 1 female) @entity1 with Fontaine State II @entity3657 were studied. Fasting blood samples for determination of tPA and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( @entity2289 ) were obtained into an acidified @entity1792 solution via an indwelling venous catheter before, immediately after, 30 min after, and 60 min after submaximal treadmill walking. @entity1 walked intermittently at 65% of maximal intensity achieved on a previous graded exercise test until 30 min of exercise was achieved. RESULTS: Exercise increased tPA activity by 180% (0.5 +/- 0.16 IU.mL(-1) baseline, 1.4 +/- 1.2 IU.mL(-1) postexercise), and decreased @entity2289 activity by 40% (20.6 +/- 5.5 AU.mL(-1) baseline, 11.8 +/- 6.2 AU.mL(-1) postexercise), without changing tPA or @entity2289 antigen. Notably, plasma tPA activity levels 1 h after exercise remained elevated by 80%, whereas @entity2289 activity remained decreased by 49%. The decrease in @entity2289 significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with @entity26 uptake (VO(2)) during submaximal exercise (r = -0.77). CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that repetitive bouts of symptom-limited exercise produce a substantial improvement in the fibrinolytic profile of @entity3657 @entity1 , which persists at least 1 h after exercise cessation.

title: Fibrinolytic response to acute exercise in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['peripheral arterial disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oral minipulse (OMP) therapy with @entity1667 is presently one of the most common oral treatments used for progressive @entity1694 in @entity1 . The treatment is usually given for a period of 6 months during which majority of @entity1 are reported to go into remission. However, there are no follow-up studies to comment upon what happens to the disease after OMP therapy is withdrawn. AIM OF THE STUDY: To document the incidence of relapse over a period of 1 year after OMP therapy is stopped in @entity1 with @entity1694 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in 180 @entity1 of childhood @entity1694 (<15 years of age) who had been on OMP therapy with oral @entity1667 for at least 6 months and who had achieved a complete remission of their disease during the treatment period. The enrolled @entity1 were followed up for a period of 1 year and examined clinically for any sign of reactivation of their disease over either the old lesions or at any new area of the body. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 were lost and could not complete the follow-up period of 1 year. Out of the 138 @entity1 available at the end of 1 year, relapse was observed in 48 @entity1 (34.8%). Rest of 90 @entity1 remained in remission over the follow-up period of 1 year. Relapse was more common in @entity1 below 10 years of age (47.4%) as compared with older @entity1 (25.9%). CONCLUSION: Relapse after using @entity1667 OMP therapy in @entity1 with @entity1694 is quite common especially in younger age groups. Studies are needed to see whether these relapses could be avoided by giving the treatment for a period longer than 6 months.

title: Relapse after @entity1667 oral minipulse therapy in childhood XXXX : a 12-month follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

answer: @entity1694 :: (MESH:D014820,Disease) :: ['vitiligo']


abstract: Inhibition of the @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) exerts a renoprotective effect in adult @entity1 with @entity740 . We evaluated prospectively changes in blood pressure (BP), @entity644 and renal function after administration of the long-acting @entity1289 inhibitor @entity3372 as monotherapy during 6 months in 14 moderately @entity101 @entity1 aged 5-18 years with various @entity8 . Four @entity1 initially had a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR below 60 ml/min/1.73 m2). BP was evaluated by ambulatory 24-h monitoring. After 2 weeks of treatment by oral @entity3372 (1.5 mg/m2 once daily), mean values of systolic and diastolic 24-h ambulatory BP fell by more than 5 mmHg in nine @entity1 . In eight @entity1 the dose was doubled. At the end of the study systolic BP was below the 95th percentile in 9 and diastolic BP in 13 @entity1 . The initially reduced nocturnal dip increased significantly. Of 11 @entity1 with an increased albumin excretion (median 1.3 g/g @entity1011 ), 6 responded to @entity3372 by a median reduction of 78% (range 24-83%), whilst in 5 @entity633 increased (median +19%). GFR was well preserved and no other adverse effects from the drug were noted. The study demonstrates that @entity3372 is an efficacious antihypertensive agent in @entity1 with renal @entity101 . It is well tolerated, even in mild @entity177 . In addition, the drug has a persistent antiproteinuric action in about half of the @entity1 contributing to conserve renal function.

title: Effect of @entity3372 on ambulatory blood pressure and @entity633 in renal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['protein excretion']

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['ramipril']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathies']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity259 cells express @entity5010 ( @entity5010 ) mRNA, and its measurement in the circulation may be useful in the diagnosis/management of @entity259 ( @entity259 ). OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to assess the diagnostic value of circulating @entity5010 mRNA for preoperative detection of @entity259 in @entity1 with thyroid nodules. @entity1 : We measured @entity5010 mRNA levels by RT-PCR in 258 subjects: 51 healthy subjects and 207 @entity1 (thyroid nodules, n = 180; recurrent @entity259 , n = 27) with fine-needle aspirations (FNA) and/or thyroid/neck surgery. Eighty-nine @entity1 also had d-1 postoperative levels assessed. OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity5010 mRNA levels were compared with FNA cytology for @entity5 detection preoperatively and serum @entity3745 and/or whole-body 131I scans postoperatively. RESULTS: Based on cytology/pathology, 88 @entity1 had @entity259 and 119 had @entity1374 . The @entity5010 mRNA levels in @entity5 @entity1 were significantly higher than in benign disease (P < 0.0001). At a cutoff value of 1.02 ng/microg total RNA, the @entity5010 mRNA correctly classified 78.7% of @entity1 preoperatively (sensitivity = 72.0%; specificity = 82.5%). Of 131 @entity1 with FNA and surgery, 51 were FNA positive (all @entity5 ), 17 were FNA negative (15 benign, two @entity5 ), and 63 were indeterminate. @entity5010 mRNA correctly diagnosed @entity259 in 16 of 24 (67%) and benign disease in 29 of 39 (74%) @entity1 with indeterminate FNA (combined sensitivity = 90%; specificity = 80%). Combining @entity5010 mRNA and ultrasound features for follicular lesions correctly classified @entity5 and could have spared surgery in 31% of these @entity1 with benign disease. @entity5010 mRNA has a short life in circulation, and normalized levels on postoperative d 1 correlated with disease-free status, whereas elevated levels predicted residual/metastatic disease. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5010 mRNA measured with FNA enhances the preoperative detection of @entity5 in @entity1 with thyroid nodules, reducing unnecessary surgeries, and immediate postoperative levels can predict residual/metastatic disease.

title: @entity5010 messenger ribonucleic acid measurement in blood as a marker for circulating XXXX cells and its role in the preoperative diagnosis of @entity259 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['all follicular cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['DTC', 'Thyroid cancer', 'thyroid cancer', 'differentiated thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['benign thyroid disease']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancer']


abstract: A total of 213 @entity1 were recruited to a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, double dummy, general practice study lasting eight weeks. The objectives of the study were (i) to demonstrate therapeutic equivalence of @entity28551 200 mg b.i.d. capsules (Colofac MR) and 135 mg t.i.d. tablets (Colofac) in the treatment of @entity490 in @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) and (ii) to evaluate safety and physicians' and @entity1 ' assessments of therapeutic response. @entity1 were randomised at day 0 and assessments performed after four and eight weeks. Primary and secondary efficacy endpoints were number of responders (response being defined as 50% or more improvement in global mean visual analogue scale for @entity490 ); @entity1 ' and physicians' global assessment of therapeutic response; and physicians' global impression of @entity1 symptoms. Safety was assessed from adverse event reports and routine laboratory tests. Therapeutic equivalence was proven statistically (difference < 18%; p = 0.003), with 65/92 (71%) of the 135 mg t.i.d. group and 64/92 (70%) of the 200 mg b.i.d. group classified as responders. The @entity1 ' evaluation of response (week 8) was that 75% of 135 mg t.i.d. and 81% of 200 mg b.i.d. improved; the physicians' assessment of therapeutic response (week 8) was that 64% of 135 mg t.i.d. and 70% of 200 mg b.i.d. had no or mild symptoms. In conclusion, @entity28551 200 mg b.i.d. (Colofac MR) was shown to be therapeutically equivalent to @entity28551 135 mg t.i.d. (Colofac) in the treatment of @entity490 in @entity1744 . Results for the secondary efficacy variables were comparable. No safety concerns were identified.

title: Comparison of two different formulations of @entity28551 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

entities_list: @entity28551 :: ('MESH:C005096', 'Chemical') :: ['mebeverine hydrochloride', 'Mebeverine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the efficacy and safety of maintenance treatment with @entity2059 for disseminated @entity3219 in @entity1 with @entity791 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a prospective, multicenter, open-label study conducted at university-based hospitals participating in the @entity791 Clinical Trial Group (ACTG). Forty-six @entity791 @entity1 with mild to moderate disseminated @entity3219 who had successfully completed 12 weeks of induction treatment with @entity2059 were treated with @entity2059 , 200 mg once daily (42 @entity1 ) or 400 mg once daily (4 @entity1 ). @entity1 were followed at monthly intervals with clinical and laboratory assessment for relapse or @entity137 . Primary outcome measures were relapse of @entity3219 and survival. Secondary outcome measures included drug-limiting @entity137 and changes in serum and urine Histoplasma polysaccharide antigen (HPA) levels. RESULTS: Two @entity1 relapsed during a median follow-up period of 87 weeks. The 1-year relapse-free rate was estimated to be 95.3% (95% CI, 85.3%-99.7%). One relapse may have been related to poor adherence to treatment and the second to concurrent administration of @entity1215 . From the start of maintenance treatment, the estimated 1-year survival rate was 73.0% (95% CI, 67.5%-77.9%). Five @entity1 discontinued treatment because of suspected @entity137 , three of whom had possible or probable hepatotoxicity. Median serum and urine @entity15069 levels declined significantly during treatment. The only @entity1 in whom antigen levels rose >2 U developed clinical relapse 1 week later; antigen levels were unavailable in the other relapsing @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2059 , 200 mg daily, is effective in preventing relapse of disseminated @entity3219 in @entity1 with @entity791 . It is generally well tolerated, but clinicians should be alert for drug interactions and possible hepatotoxicity.

title: XXXX maintenance treatment for @entity3219 in @entity791 : a prospective, multicenter trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'drug toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3219 :: ('MESH:D006660', 'Disease') :: ['histoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['Itraconazole', 'itraconazole']

answer: @entity2059 :: (MESH:D017964,Chemical) :: ['Itraconazole']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to obtain preliminary information about the effect of menopause and perimenopause on the course of @entity302 , and to determine whether @entity410 type, use of hormone-replacement therapy (HRT), or a history of catamenial @entity410 pattern would influence this course. METHODS: We performed a questionnaire study of @entity1 with @entity302 currently in menopause and perimenopause, requesting information regarding the course of their @entity302 and treatment. Statistical analysis was performed by using Pearson chi2 with 95% confidence limits. RESULTS: Forty-two menopausal @entity1 (ages 41-86 years) responded. Twelve subjects reported no change in @entity410 at menopause, 17 reported a decrease in @entity410 frequency, and 13 reported an increase. Sixteen (38%) took synthetic HRT. Sixteen (38%) additional subjects (having some overlap with the HRT group) reported having a catamenial @entity410 pattern before menopause. HRT was significantly associated with an increase in @entity410 during perimenopause (p = 0.001). A history of catamenial @entity410 pattern was significantly associated with a decrease in @entity410 at menopause (p = 0.013). Thirty-nine perimenopausal @entity1 (ages 38-55 years) responded. Nine subjects reported no change in @entity410 at perimenopause, five reported a decrease in @entity410 frequency, and 25 reported an increase. Eight (15%) subjects took synthetic HRT, and 28 (72%) reported having a catamenial @entity410 pattern before menopause. HRT had no significant effect on @entity410 ; however, a history of catamenial @entity410 pattern was significantly associated with an increase in @entity410 at perimenopause (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: These pilot data suggest that synthetic HRT may be associated with an increase in @entity410 frequency in menopausal @entity1 with @entity302 . A catamenial @entity410 pattern may be associated with @entity410 decrease during menopause but with an increase during perimenopause.

title: The effect of menopause and perimenopause on the course of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'seizure']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: We examined oxidative fuel metabolism (indirect calorimetry) during mild insulin-induced @entity4053 in normal subjects. Four groups of studies (4 h each) were performed: 1) insulin alone (0.3 mU.kg-1.min-1, 2) insulin plus heparin, 3) insulin plus @entity1169 , and 4) insulin plus @entity1169 plus heparin (starting at 75 min). In all groups, insulin rose threefold (approximately 20 microU/ml), whereas @entity413 concentrations fell by approximately 20 mg/dl (to 65-70 mg/dl) due to a transient decrease in @entity413 production; @entity413 uptake did not change. During insulin alone, @entity1735 oxidation rose markedly during the 1st 60-90 min (by 85%, P less than 0.05) as circulating free @entity1718 (FFA) and fat oxidation declined. Subsequently, FFA rose and @entity1735 oxidation declined toward base line. The latter changes were completely abolished by @entity1169 and restored when @entity1169 -induced suppression of FFA was overcome by addition of heparin. Heparin, by preventing the insulin-induced fall in FFA, also blocked the early rise in @entity1735 oxidation. We conclude that small increments in insulin markedly stimulate @entity1735 oxidation without increasing @entity413 uptake. This effect is due to the exquisite sensitivity of lipolysis to insulin and is overcome by @entity2922 release during @entity4053 . Mild @entity3190 promotes @entity413 metabolism primarily through indirect effects on FFA.

title: Oxidative fuel metabolism during mild @entity4053 : critical role of free XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: @entity2298 is associated with an increased risk of @entity65 and acute @entity788 . Along with lowering low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels and raising high-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels, lowering @entity412 levels in high-risk @entity1 (e.g., those with @entity65 or @entity6 ) has been associated with @entity65 and mortality. Although the management of mixed @entity2299 is controversial, treatment should focus primarily on lowering low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels. Secondary goals should include lowering non-high-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels (calculated by subtracting high-density lipoprotein @entity165 from total @entity165 ). If serum @entity412 levels are high, lowering these levels can be effective at reaching non-high-density lipoprotein @entity165 goals. Initially, @entity1 with @entity2298 should be counseled about therapeutic lifestyle changes (e.g., healthy diet, regular exercise, @entity286 -use cessation). @entity1 also should be screened for @entity209 and other acquired or secondary causes. @entity1 with borderline-high serum @entity412 levels (i.e., 150 to 199 mg per dL [1.70 to 2.25 mmol per L]) and high serum @entity412 levels (i.e., 200 to 499 mg per dL [2.26 to 5.64 mmol per L]) require an overall cardiac risk assessment. Treatment of very high @entity412 levels (i.e., 500 mg per dL [5.65 mmol per L] or higher) is aimed at reducing the risk of acute @entity788 . Statins, fibrates, @entity1670 , and fish oil (alone or in various combinations) are effective when pharmacotherapy is indicated.

title: Management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertriglyceridemia', 'hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events', 'cardiovascular disease', 'decreased cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2298 :: (MESH:D015228,Disease) :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The true effect of incidental detection on the survival of @entity1 with @entity1358 has been debated. We used centralized databases in Iceland to study prognostic factors of survival, focusing on the effect of incidental detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included all living @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1358 in Iceland from 1971 to 2005. Hospital charts and histology were reviewed. Incidentally diagnosed @entity1358 were compared to symptomatic @entity5 and prognostic factors were evaluated using Cox multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Of the 910 @entity1 254 (27.9%) were diagnosed incidentally, most often by abdominal ultrasound (29.5%) or computerized tomography (28.3%). The incidental detection rate increased from 11.1% in 1971 through 1975 to 39.2% in 2001 through 2005 (p <0.001). During the same period the incidence increased significantly in males but in females only during the last 5 study years. Mortality remained unchanged for each gender. Incidentally detected @entity5 were an average of 2.6 cm smaller and diagnosed at lower stage and lower grade than symptomatic @entity5 . Age and histology were similar in each group. TNM stage was by far the strongest independent prognostic factor of survival but age, calendar year of diagnosis and ESR were also significant. After correcting for confounders @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1358 had worse survival than those diagnosed incidentally. CONCLUSIONS: With increased incidence and unchanged mortality the survival of @entity1 with @entity1358 has improved. This is mainly related to a steep increase in incidental detection. Incidental detection affects survival favorably and to a greater extent than can be explained by lower stage compared to the survival of @entity1 diagnosed with symptoms.

title: Incidental detection of XXXX is an independent prognostic marker: results of a long-term, whole population study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'renal cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity6739 checkpoint protein Rad17 is required for the DNA integrity checkpoint responses. A fraction of Rad17 is chromatin bound independent of the other checkpoint proteins throughout the cell cycle. Here we show that in response to DNA damage induced by either @entity10842 treatment or ionizing radiation, increased levels of Rad17 bind to chromatin. Following S-phase stall induced by @entity1862 or a cdc22 mutation, the chromatin-bound Rad17 progressively dissociates from the chromatin. After S-phase arrest by @entity1862 in cds1Delta or rad3Delta cells or by replication mutants, Rad17 remains chromatin bound. Rad17 is able to complex in vivo with an Rfc small subunit, Rfc2, but not with Rfc1. Furthermore, cells with rfc1Delta are checkpoint proficient, suggesting that Rfc1 does not have a role in checkpoint function. A checkpoint-defective mutant protein, Rad17( @entity44221 ), which has similar nuclear localization to that of the wild type, is unable to bind @entity855 and has reduced ability in chromatin binding. Mutant Rad17( @entity44221 ) protein also has reduced ability to complex with Rfc2, suggesting that Lys(118) of Rad17 plays a role in Rad17-Rfc small-subunit complex formation and chromatin association. However, in the rad17. @entity44221 mutant cells, Cds1 can be activated by @entity1862 . Together, these results suggest that Rad17 binds to chromatin in response to an aberrant genomic structure generated from DNA damage, replication mutant arrest, or @entity1862 arrest in the absence of Cds1. Rad17 is not required to bind chromatin when genomic structures are protected by @entity1862 -activated Cds1. The possible checkpoint events induced by chromatin-bound Rad17 are discussed.

title: XXXX Rad17 associates with chromatin in response to aberrant genomic structures.

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['Fission yeast']

entities_list: @entity10842 :: ('MESH:D008741', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl methanesulfonate']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

answer: @entity6739 :: (4896,Species) :: ['Fission yeast']


abstract: PURPOSE: The advantages of @entity1503 , which is used for myocardial protection during open heart surgeries, include superior @entity26 -carrying capacities, better osmotic properties, and the presence of more antioxidants than a crystalloid counterpart. Although, @entity6564 organ-preserving solutions for transplantation surgeries are known to decrease RBC deformability essential for tissue perfusion, only few studies have addressed the changes in RBC deformability after exposure to cardioplegic additives. The purpose of this study was to measure deformability and @entity26 -delivery capacities in various blood cardioplegic solutions. METHODS: Blood from eight healthy volunteers was used. Each sample (100 ml) was divided into 5 groups of 16 ml, and cardioplegia solutions were added (group NS; blood + normal saline, group K; blood + @entity4338 , group D; blood + @entity4338 + @entity3988 , group A: blood + @entity4338 + @entity859 , group E: blood + @entity4338 + neutrophil elastase inhibitor @entity11011 ). All samples were incubated at a temperature of 8  C for 10 minutes. Deformability, NO level, @entity6297 , and @entity855 were measured. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.92) in deformability between the groups. The NO levels were not significantly different (p = 0.86). The @entity6297 (p = 0.27) and @entity855 levels (p = 0.40) were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: The deformability and @entity26 carrying functions of RBCs did not show a significant difference according to various components of cold @entity1503 during 10 minutes of incubation.

title: Changes in RBC deformability and XXXX -delivering ability in cold @entity1503 .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood cardioplegia']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity6564 :: ('MESH:D020513', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemic']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: @entity510 is an important cause of brain masses and @entity4 . To study the pathophysiology of @entity1779 , we produced experimental @entity548 in 53 @entity35 and characterized the lesion by histology, brain water content, and behavior. Adult @entity35 had 2 microliters saline containing 0.5 unit bacterial collagenase infused into the left caudate nucleus. Histologically, erythrocytes were seen around blood vessels at the needle puncture site within the first hour. By 4 hours there were @entity1410 , the size of which depended on the amount of collagenase injected. Necrotic masses containing fluid, blood cells, and fibrin were seen at 24 hours. Lipid-filled macrophages were observed at 7 days and cysts at 3 weeks. Water content was significantly increased 4, 24, and 48 hours after infusion at the needle puncture site and for 24 hours in posterior brain sections. @entity146 were present for 48 hours, with recovery of function occurring during the first week. Brain tissue contains Type IV collagen in the basal lamina. Collagenase, which occurs in an inactive form in cells, is released and activated during injury, leading to disruption of the extracellular matrix. Collagenase-induced @entity1779 is a reproducible animal model for the study of the effects of the @entity1410 and @entity2657 .

title: Collagenase-induced @entity1779 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['Intracranial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Behavioral abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The management of multiply injured @entity130 @entity1 is a skill requiring broad knowledge and remarkable skills. The aim of the primary @entity130 care (PTC) module is to orient medical staff to the initial assessment of an injured @entity1 . This workshop was held in the Education Development Center of Tabriz Medical University in April, September, and November 2007. The @entity1 were given lectures, completed practices, and case scenarios about the management of traumatic @entity1 . All @entity1 were given a pretest and a post-test including a questionnaire and procedural skill exams. Finally, the same post-tests were performed 6-12 months later. Sixty-four individuals were interested in attending the workshop from the total of 90 invited, and 53 individuals responded to the late post-test. The mean score in the pretest, early post-test, and late post-test was 18.84, 26.72, and 22.17, respectively (P<0.001). Most of the medical staff did not have sufficient knowledge of basic PTC. We have shown that the incorporation of hands-on @entity1 scenarios into an expanded course on the basis of PTC principles helps medical staff gain the knowledge and skills needed to perform the primary survey sequence correctly. Furthermore, extra educational planning seems to be necessary to retain these abilities as needed.

title: Two-day primary XXXX care workshop: early and late evaluation of knowledge and practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Morbidity and mortality are classically used to measure disease burden. However, the allocation of limited health-care resources demands an agreed rational allocation principle and, consequently, the setting of priorities is of considerable importance. We collected data from the national death certificate database, and the national health insurance claim database and life tables. Using this data, we calculated disability adjusted life year (DALY) and health life year (HeaLY) values for smoking-related @entity5 . The burden of @entity5 due to smoking was estimated by multiplying the population attributable risk due to smoking by the DALY and HeaLY results for @entity5 . The burden of @entity5 due to smoking for Korean @entity1 was 1930.1 @entity1 -years by DALY and 1681.3 @entity1 -years by HeaLY per 100 000 @entity1 . Similarly, the burden of @entity5 due to smoking for Korean @entity1 was 352.6 @entity1 -years for DALY and 313.6 @entity1 -years for HeaLY per 100 000 @entity1 . Priority rankings for @entity5 burden due to smoking was somewhat different by DALY and HeaLY. The largest health gap for @entity1 was @entity5 by DALY and @entity2 by HeaLY, whereas for @entity1 it was @entity2 by both methods. This study provides a rational basis for national @entity5 policy planning by presenting the priority burden of @entity5 caused by smoking.

title: Measuring the burden of XXXX due to smoking in Korea.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'stomach cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['major cancers']


abstract: AIMS: To describe the methods used at the @entity2480 ( @entity2480 , Ministry for Primary Industries) to identify Paranannizziopsis australasiensis. METHODS: Skin biopsy samples from two adult male @entity38187 were submitted to the @entity2480 in March 2014. Approximately half of each sample was processed for fungal culture and incubated on mycobiotic agar containing @entity1880 at 30  C. Following morphological examination of the culture products, DNA was extracted from suspect colonies. PCR was used to amplify the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of fungal rRNA using primers ITS1 and ITS4. Positive amplicons were subjected to DNA sequencing and the results were compared to published sequences. In addition, DNA was extracted from the remaining skin samples and the same PCR was carried out to compare the results. RESULTS: After 7 days of incubation, colonies morphologically resembling P. australasiensis were observed. DNA extracted from these isolates tested positive for P. australasiensis by PCR and DNA sequencing. Samples of DNA extracted directly from the infected skin samples tested negative for P. australasiensis using the generic fungal PCR. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Isolation and identification of P. australasiensis was carried out using a combination of fungal culture and molecular testing available at @entity2480 . Results were available in significantly less time than in the past, when isolates had to be sent overseas. PCR and sequencing of fungal isolates is a valuable tool for identification of species that have few, if any, unique macroscopic or microscopic features to aid identification. Further sampling from captive and wild New Zealand reptiles will provide important information on the epidemiology of P. australasiensis, and the conservation and management implications for @entity38187 and other native reptile species.

title: Detection of Paranannizziopsis australasiensis in XXXX ( @entity38187 ) using fungal culture and a generic fungal PCR.

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity2480 :: ('MESH:D007757', 'Disease') :: ['Animal Health Laboratory', 'AHL']

answer: @entity38187 :: (8508,Species) :: ['tuatara']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vascular @entity409 may predict future @entity731 . Hence, an antihypertensive agent that reverses @entity409 and lowers blood pressure might improve the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity101 . We hypothesized that @entity23191 , a vasodilating beta-blocker, could improve @entity409 . We tested this hypothesis by comparing the effects of @entity23191 and @entity2165 on endothelial function. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twelve @entity101 @entity1 with a mean ambulatory blood pressure of 154+/-7/97+/-10 mm Hg were randomized after a 2-week placebo run-in period (baseline) in a double-blind, crossover fashion to 8-week treatment periods with either 5 mg of @entity23191 with 2.5 mg of @entity3592 or 50 mg of @entity2165 with 2.5 mg of @entity3592 . Forearm @entity432 plethysmography and intra-arterial infusions of @entity934 and @entity7293 ( @entity7293 ) were used to assess stimulated and basal endothelium-dependent @entity842 release, respectively. @entity1854 was used as an endothelium-independent control. @entity23191 / @entity3592 and @entity2165 / @entity3592 each lowered the clinic blood pressure to the same extent (132+/-7/82+/-6 and 132+/-9/83+/-8 mm Hg, respectively; P<0.001 from baseline). The vasodilatory response to @entity934 was significantly increased with @entity23191 / @entity3592 (maximum percentage change in forearm blood flow [mean+/-SEM], 435+/-27%, P<0.001) but not with @entity2165 / @entity3592 . Similarly, the endothelium-dependent vasoconstrictive response to @entity7293 was significantly improved only with @entity23191 treatment (percentage change in forearm blood flow, -54+/-5%; P<0.001). The response to @entity1854 was not different between treatments, suggesting that the endothelium-independent pathway was unaffected. CONCLUSIONS: @entity23191 / @entity3592 increased both stimulated and basal endothelial @entity842 release, whereas for the same degree of blood pressure control, @entity2165 / @entity3592 had no effect on @entity842 bioactivity. Thus, @entity23191 may offer additional vascular protection in treating @entity101 .

title: @entity23191 reverses @entity409 in essential XXXX : a randomized, double-blind, crossover study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity23191 :: ('MESH:C052753', 'Chemical') :: ['Nebivolol', 'nebivolol']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3592 :: ('MESH:D001539', 'Chemical') :: ['bendrofluazide']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside', 'Sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusion']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity1653 in childhood are rare, and those located in the third ventricle are even rarer, with only 16 cases reported. A five-year-old @entity1 was seen at our hospital with @entity10 and @entity1829 . CT scan showed a large third ventricular mass and associated @entity1276 . Transcallosal interfornical approach was performed with total @entity5 , that was attached to the choroid plexus of the anterior third ventricle. Histologically the lesion proved to be a transitional @entity1653 . The recovery was uneventful, a permanent shunt was not necessary. The diagnosis of these @entity5 can be done using CT scan or MRI, that usually are sufficient for surgical planning. Angiography usually is not required, unless a @entity455 is concerned, or embolization is necessary. The treatment of these @entity5 is surgical, aiming the total removal of the lesion, usually curative once it is acomplished. We report this case, and add a brief review of the literature on third @entity1653 .

title: [Third @entity1653 in a XXXX : case report].

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesion']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['Meningiomas', 'ventricle meningiomas', 'meningioma']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral papilledema']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: 1. The component reactions of the puring @entity377 cycle were studied in cytosol extracts of @entity35 liver. 2. @entity860 deaminase was strongly activated by @entity855 and analogues of @entity855 . 3. IMP was converted into @entity855 by a system requiring the presence of @entity492 , @entity3007 and a @entity9953 -regenerating system. 4. Under appropriate conditions, @entity3655 was produced from @entity492 . 5. From the rates at which these reactions occur it is concluded that the purine @entity377 cycle may have sufficient activity to be a major pathway of @entity535 deamination in liver.

title: Characteristics of @entity492 deamination by the puring @entity377 cycle in the cytosol fraction of XXXX liver.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity9953 :: ('CHEBI:17326', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside triphosphate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity148 ( @entity148 ) is associated with substantial economic burden. OBJECTIVE: To assess, from a societal perspective, the cost-effectiveness of @entity837 and @entity903 in the treatment of @entity148 in the UK. METHOD: A decision analytic model with a 9 month time horizon was adapted to the UK setting. Model inputs included drug- and nondrug-specific probabilities from head-to-head trial data, published literature, and expert opinion. Main outcome measures were success (response after 12 wk of treatment and no relapse during the following 24 wk) and costs. Resource use was based on National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidance for @entity148 @entity1 management, and estimated unit costs came from standard national sources. @entity1 capital approach was used to estimate costs of absence from work. The analysis was performed from the societal perspective. RESULTS: @entity837 -treated @entity1 were associated with 14.4% higher first-line treatment success and significantly lower discontinuation rates due to adverse events than were those treated with @entity903 . Treatment with @entity837 yielded lower expected costs with greater effectiveness compared with @entity903 . These clinical advantages led to less sick leave and resource use as a result of lower switch rates and use of secondary care. Total expected 9 month costs were 1408 pounds sterling (2560 US dollars) lower for @entity837 -treated @entity1 than for @entity903 -treated @entity1 . Sensitivity analyses on key parameters demonstrated robustness of the model. CONCLUSIONS: @entity837 appears to be cost-effective compared with @entity903 in the treatment of @entity148 in the UK.

title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of @entity837 compared with @entity903 in treatment of generalized XXXX in the United Kingdom.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['escitalopram', 'Escitalopram']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['GAD', 'Generalized anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety disorder']


abstract: Class-3 semaphorins are secreted axon guidance factors. Some of these semaphorins have recently been characterized as suppressors of @entity5 progression. To determine if class-3 semaphorins can be used to inhibit the development of @entity463 , we expressed recombinant sema-3A, 3B, 3D, 3E, 3F or 3G in U87MG @entity463 cells. @entity22522 and @entity38790 expressing cells contracted and changed shape persistently while cells expressing other semaphorins did not. @entity22522 and @entity38791 differed from other semaphorins including @entity38790 as they also inhibited the proliferation of the cells and the formation of soft agar colonies. With the exception of @entity34794 and @entity38790 , expression of these semaphorins in U87MG cells inhibited significantly @entity5 development from subcutaneously implanted cells. Strong inhibition of @entity5 development was also observed following implantation of U87MG cells expressing each of the class-3 semaphorins in the cortex of @entity19 brains. @entity38792 and @entity38793 displayed the strongest inhibitory effects and their expression in U373MG or in U87MG @entity463 cells implanted in the brains of @entity19 prolonged the survival of the @entity19 by more then two folds. Furthermore, most of the @entity19 that died prior to the end of the experiment did not develop detectable @entity5 and many of the @entity19 survived to the end of the experiment. Most of the semaphorins that we have used here with the exception of @entity38792 were characterized previously as inhibitors of angiogenesis. Our results indicate that @entity38792 also functions as an inhibitor of angiogenesis and suggest that the anti-tumorigenic effects are due primarily to inhibition of @entity5 angiogenesis. These results indicate that class-3 semaphorins such as @entity38792 and @entity38793 could perhaps be used to treat @entity463 @entity1 .

title: @entity38792 and XXXX inhibit the development of @entity5 from @entity463 cells implanted in the cortex of the brain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma-multiforme tumors', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity38793 :: (9723,Gene) :: ['semaphorin-3E']


abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the clinical significance of the blood pressure (BP) reaction to standing in 1029 stage I @entity101 . Office BP was measured six times in the supine position and six times after 2 min of standing. All subjects underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring, and measurements of 24-h urinary @entity1425 and @entity1063 excretion. Echocardiography was performed in 636 @entity1 . With use of mixture analysis we could single out a population with abnormal diastolic BP response to standing (hyperreactors, n = 95). These subjects had a diastolic BP increase from lying to standing of >11 mm Hg. The other subjects were defined as normoreactors (n = 934). Office systolic BP was similar in the two groups. Diastolic BP was lower (91 +/- 6 mm Hg v 95 +/- 5 mm Hg, P < .0001) and heart rate was higher in the hyperreactors (77 +/- 10 beats/min v 75 +/- 9 beats/min, P = .004). After adjusting for age, gender, and smoking habits the statistical significance did not change. Adjusted 24-h systolic BP (P = .02) and diastolic BP (P = .02) were higher in the hyperreactors than in the normoreactors. Hyperreactors were characterized by higher cardiac index (3.2 +/- 0.8 L/min/m2 v 3.0 +/- 0.7 L/min/m2, P = .008 for adjusted values), lower total peripheral resistance (1420 +/- 330 dyne/sec/cm(-5) v 1600 +/- 380 dyne/sec/cm(-5), P = .003), and higher urinary @entity1063 output (114.9 +/- 80.3 microg/24 h v 90.6 +/- 78.5 microg/24 h, P = .03). Dimensional echocardiographic data and albumin excretion rate did not differ between the two groups. In conclusion, mixture analysis allowed us to identify a population of young mild @entity101 with exaggerated BP response to standing. Hyperreactors were characterized by higher whole-day BP and by a @entity71 hemodynamic pattern as a result of increased sympathetic tone.

title: Does orthostatic testing have any role in the evaluation of the young subject with mild XXXX ?: an insight from the HARVEST study.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkinetic']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Spontaneous repair or treatment-induced recovery after @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) is very limited and might be related to extramedullary alterations that have only briefly been documented. Here we report on the morphological changes of the spinal subarachnoid space (SAS) in a clinically relevant model of @entity1566 . Anesthetized @entity35 were subjected either to mild or severe @entity1566 at T9. Spine blocks from the site of injury and adjacent segments were harvested at acute (1 h and 1 day [d]), subacute (3 and 7 d), and chronic (1 and 3 months) stages post-injury. Histopathology and morphometry at each decalcified vertebral level were assessed. At acute and subacute stages, reduction of SAS lumen was observed after both mild and severe @entity130 . Acutely, after severe @entity130 , SAS occlusion was associated mainly with cord swelling and @entity510 ; a trend for dural sac constriction was observed for mild @entity130 . At 7 d, cord swelling diminished in both instances, but dural sac constriction increased for severe @entity130 . At early stages, in the epicenter and vicinity, histopathology revealed @entity531 within the SAS, which was more intense in severe than in mild @entity130 . In the chronic stage, SAS lumen increased notably, mostly from @entity194 , despite dural sac constriction. Myelograms complemented observations made on SAS lumen permeability. Post-traumatic @entity2443 occurred mainly in animals with @entity130 . In conclusion, early extramedullary SAS changes described here might be expected to produce alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics and cord blood perfusion, thereby contributing to the pathophysiology of @entity1566 and becoming novel targets for treatment.

title: Spatial and temporal morphological changes in the subarachnoid space after graded @entity1566 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hematomas']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cord atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI', 'spinal cord contusion']

entities_list: @entity2443 :: ('MESH:D001100', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoiditis']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['compression of neurovascular elements']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'severe injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is recognition that teenagers and young adults with @entity5 merit age-appropriate specialist care. However, outcomes associated with such specialist care are not defined. @entity1 experience and @entity1 -reported outcomes such as quality of life are gaining importance. Nevertheless, there is a lack of theoretical basis and @entity1 involvement in experience surveys for young @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: We previously proposed a conceptual model of the lived experience of @entity5 . We aimed to refine this model adding to areas that were lacking or underreported. The proposed conceptual framework will inform a bespoke @entity1 experience survey for young @entity1 . METHODS: Using participatory research, 11 young @entity1 aged 13 to 25 years at diagnosis, participated in a 1-day workshop consisting of semistructured peer-to-peer interviews. RESULTS: Eight core themes emerged: impact of @entity5 diagnosis, information provision, place of care, role of health professionals, coping, peers, psychological support, and life after @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: The conceptual framework has informed survey development for a longitudinal cohort study examining @entity1 experience and outcomes associated with specialist @entity5 care. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Young @entity1 must be kept at the center of interactions in recognition of their stated needs of engagement, of individually tailored information and support unproxied by parents/family. Age-appropriate information and support services that help young @entity1 deal with the impact of @entity5 on daily life and life after @entity5 must be made available. If we are to develop services that meet need, @entity1 experience surveys must be influenced by @entity1 involvement. Young @entity1 can be successfully involved in planning research relevant to their experience.

title: The art of age-appropriate care: reflecting on a conceptual model of the XXXX experience for teenagers and young adults.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'Patient', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We reported an unusual appearance of @entity3217 ( @entity3217 ) associated with NR2E3- @entity37044 -linked @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ). METHODS: @entity1 were enrolled among three generations in a Swiss family. Molecular diagnosis identified a @entity37045 ( @entity37044 ) mutation. Ophthalmic examination included fundus photography, @entity3217 near-infrared autofluorescence (NIA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and @entity227 ( @entity227 ). RESULTS: Fundus examination revealed a wide range of features from unremarkable to attenuated arterial caliber, clumped and spicular pigment deposits in the mid-periphery and optic nerve pallor. @entity3217 showed a double concentric hyperautofluorescent ring: an inner perimacular ring that tended to be smaller in older @entity1 , and an outer ring located along the vascular arcades, which appeared to extend over time toward the periphery and eventually became hypoautofluorescent. The inner and outer hyperautofluorescent rings were seen both on NIA and @entity3217 at a similar localization. There was also a spatial correspondence between the loss of photoreceptor inner segment and outer segment junction on OCT and the area delimited by both double @entity3217 and NIA rings. @entity227 showed either @entity1019 or constricted @entity227 in advanced cases, correlating with dystrophic nonfunctional retinal regions demarcated by the hyperautofluorescent annuli. A double ring of hyperautofluorescence was observed in all but one @entity1 of two additional families, but not in @entity1 harboring mutations in other @entity6391 genes, including @entity18464 , RHO, @entity10290 , @entity13262 , @entity5439 , and @entity23958 . CONCLUSIONS: The presence of a double concentric hyperautofluorescent ring of @entity3217 may represent a highly penetrant early phenotypic marker of NR2E3- @entity37044 -linked @entity6391 .

title: Double concentric autofluorescence ring in NR2E3- @entity37044 -linked XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual fields', 'VF', 'visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity37044 :: ('p|SUB|G|56|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.G56R']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['fundus autofluorescence', 'FAF']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['ADRP', 'autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity1019 :: ('MESH:D012607', 'Disease') :: ['mid-peripheral annular scotoma']

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: In @entity1 with @entity82 , @entity73 most often results from covert @entity99 ( @entity99 ). These @entity1 are not tested routinely for @entity73 despite single-center evidence that it could be associated with poor @entity159 ( @entity159 ). We investigated the association between @entity159 and cognition in a multicenter study of @entity82 . METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 236 cirrhotic @entity1 from 3 centers (84 subjects from Virginia, 102  from Ohio, and 50 from Rome, Italy; age 57.7    8.6 y; 14% with prior overt @entity99 ) were given recommended cognitive tests and a validated @entity159 questionnaire that included questions about employment, personal and family income, and overall financial security. Comparisons were made among centers and between subjects who were employed or not. Regression analysis was performed using employment and personal income as outcomes. RESULTS: Only 37% of subjects had been employed in the past year. Subjects had substantial financial insecurity-their yearly personal income ranged from  16,000 to  24,999, and their family income ranged from  25,000 to  49,999. They would be able to maintain a residence for only 3 to 6 months if their income stopped, and their current liquid assets were  500 to  4999 (< 500 if debt was subtracted). Cognition and @entity159 were worst in Ohio and best in Virginia. Cognition correlated with personal and family income, within and between centers. On regression analysis, cognitive performance (digit symbol, lures, and line tracing) was associated with personal yearly income, after controlling for demographics, country, employment, and overt @entity99 . Unemployed subjects had a higher rate of overt @entity99 , worse cognition, and lower personal income than employed subjects. On regression analysis, performance on digit symbol, line tracing, inhibitory control test lures, and serial dotting tests remained associated with employment, similar to income. CONCLUSIONS: In an international multicenter study of @entity1 with @entity82 , socioeconomic condition, based on employment and personal income, was associated strongly with cognitive performance, independent of age, education, and country.

title: XXXX is associated with poor @entity159 in @entity1 with @entity82 : an international multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy', 'HE']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SES', 'socioeconomic status']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive dysfunction']


abstract: Strategies to enhance the already established doublet chemotherapy regimen for @entity2 have been investigated for more than 20 years. Initially, the concept was to administer chemotherapy drugs locally to the @entity5 site for efficient diffusion through passive transport within the @entity5 . Recent advances have enhanced the diffusion of pharmaceuticals through active transport by using pharmaceuticals designed to target the genome of @entity5 . In the present study, five @entity1 with @entity1149 @entity470 ( @entity470 ) negative stage IIIa-IV International Union Against @entity5 7 (UICC-7), and with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 2 scores were administered @entity902 -based doublet chemotherapy using combined intratumoral-regional and intravenous route of administration. @entity900 analogues were injected at 0.5%-1% concentration within the @entity5 lesion and proven malignant lymph nodes according to pretreatment histological/cytological results and the concentration of systemic infusion was decreased to 70% of a standard protocol. This combined intravenous plus intratumoral-regional chemotherapy is used as a first line therapy on this short series of @entity1 . To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of direct treatment of involved lymph nodes with @entity900 by endobronchial ultrasound drug delivery with a needle without any adverse effects. The initial overall survival and local response are suggestive of a better efficacy compared to established doublet @entity900 -based systemic chemotherapy in (higher) standard concentrations alone according to the UICC 7 database expected survival. An extensive search of the literature was performed to gather information of previously published literature of intratumoral chemo-drug administration and formulation for this treatment modality. Our study shows a favorable local response, more than a 50% reduction, for a massive @entity5 mass after administration of five sessions of intratumoral chemotherapy plus two cycles of low-dose intravenous chemotherapy according to our protocol. These encouraging results (even in very sick ECOG 2 @entity1 with central obstructive @entity1149 having a worse prognosis and quality of life than a @entity1149 in ECOG 0 of the same @entity5 node metastasis [TNM]-stage without central obstruction) for a chemotherapy-only protocol that differs from conventional @entity900 -based doublet chemotherapy by the route, target site, and dose paves the way for broader applications of this technique. Finally, future perspectives of this treatment and pharmaceutical design for intratumoral administration are presented.

title: Intratumoral chemotherapy for XXXX : re-challenge current targeted therapies.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Membrane adsorbers may be a viable alternative to the packed-bed chromatography for clearance of virus, host cell proteins, DNA, and other trace impurities. However, incorporation of membrane adsorbers into manufacturing processes has been slow due to the significant cost associated with obtaining regulatory approval for changes to a manufacturing process. This study has investigated clearance of @entity25190 (MVM), an 18-22   nm parvovirus recognized by the FDA as a model viral impurity. Virus clearance was obtained using three commercially available anion exchange membrane adsorbers: Sartobind Q  , Mustang Q  , and ChromaSorb  . Unlike earlier studies that have focused on a single or few operating conditions, the aim here was to determine the level of virus clearance under a range of operating conditions that could be encountered in industry. The effects of varying pH, @entity1219 concentration, flow rate, and other competing anionic species present in the feed were determined. The removal capacity of the Sartobind Q and Mustang Q products, which contain quaternary @entity3104 based ligands, is sensitive to feed conductivity and pH. At conductivities above about 20   mS/cm, a significant decrease in capacity is observed. The capacity of the ChromaSorb product, which contains @entity2229 based ligands, is much less affected by ionic strength. However the capacity for binding MVM is significantly reduced in the presence of @entity1391 ions. These differences may be explained in terms of secondary @entity3884 bonding interactions that could occur with @entity2229 based ligands.

title: Anion exchange membrane adsorbers for flow-through polishing steps: Part I. Clearance of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity2229 :: ('CHEBI:32877', 'Chemical') :: ['primary amine']

entities_list: @entity25190 :: ('10794', 'Species') :: ['minute virus of mice']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

answer: @entity25190 :: (10794,Species) :: ['minute virus of mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Distinction of @entity3243 from atypical @entity3243 (APA) at operation is difficult. The aim of this study was to determine whether @entity3243 and APA have different operative findings and long-term outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective review was undertaken of @entity1 with suspicious or @entity5 treated between 1974 and 2005. @entity3243 was defined as a lesion with vascular or tissue invasion, and APA as a @entity5 with broad @entity82 , trabecular growth, mitosis and nuclear atypia. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 with suspicious or @entity5 were identified. After histological review, @entity3243 was confirmed in 11 @entity1 (group 1) and 16 @entity5 were classified as APA (group 2). The clinical presentation and operative findings of the two types of @entity5 were indistinguishable. At initial surgery, seven @entity1 in group 1 underwent en bloc resection, and four had parathyroidectomy. Four of the seven @entity1 who had en bloc resection had recurrences. No recurrences were observed in the other seven @entity1 in group 1 at a median follow-up of 65 months. In group 2, eight @entity1 had en bloc resection and eight had parathyroidectomy; no @entity1 had recurrence at a median follow-up of 91 months. CONCLUSION: Operative findings cannot distinguish APA from @entity3243 reliably. Without evidence of macroscopic local invasion, the value of en bloc resection at initial surgery remains debatable.

title: Intraoperative diagnosis and treatment of @entity3243 and atypical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenoma', 'parathyroid cancer', 'Parathyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous bands']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'malignant parathyroid tumours', 'neoplasm', 'tumour']

answer: @entity3243 :: (MESH:D010282,Disease) :: ['parathyroid adenoma']


abstract: To study genetic changes associated with the development of @entity0 and the extent of its hereditary predisposition, @entity982 -embedded tissue samples were obtained from monozygotic twin pairs concordant for @entity0 through the linked Swedish Twin and Cancer Registries. DNA samples extracted from the matched @entity5 and normal tissues of nine twin pairs were analysed for allelic imbalance using a series of microsatellite markers on chromosomes 13 and 17, containing loci with known @entity5 suppressor genes. Multiple losses of constitutional heterozygosity (LOH), consistent with a loss of large genomic region, the whole chromosome or chromosome arm, was found in at least three pairs of twins. One double mitotic crossover was identified in one @entity5 sample in a pair concordant for LOH at multiple loci on both chromosomes. Recombination breakpoints were mapped to regions delineated by D13S218 and D13S263, and D13S155 and D13S279, respectively. In general, no genetic effect of losing the same allele within a twin pair was found. However, for one marker at chromosome 13 (D13S328, between the @entity2674 and the @entity996 loci) and two markers on chromosome 17 (D17S786, distal to the @entity876 locus, and D17S855, an intragenic @entity5345 marker) the proportion of twin pairs with the same LOH was significantly higher than expected. These regions may reflect hereditary genomic changes in our sample set. In addition, @entity5 DNA samples from a subset of 12 twin pairs were analysed for @entity5345 and @entity2674 mutations using exon-by-exon single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Two unclassified @entity2674 variants, with a putative pathogenic effect, were identified, but no pathogenic alterations were found in the @entity5345 gene.

title: Allelic imbalance on chromosomes 13 and 17 and mutation analysis of @entity5345 and XXXX genes in monozygotic twins concordant for @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity2674 :: (675,Gene) :: ['BRCA2']


abstract: This study was carried out on 1600 rectal swabs from @entity1 under 5 years of age admitted at the health centre in Islamshahr, Tehran province, Islamic Republic of Iran, during 1998-99. The specimens were examined for various bacterial pathogens. Isolation rates were: enteropathogenic @entity526 6.8%, Shigella spp. 3.4%, Salmonella spp. 2.9%, Campylobacter spp. 0.9%, @entity2550 spp. 0.7%. The isolation rate was highest in the summer, except for @entity2550 spp., which was predominantly isolated in spring. The results of this study demonstrate the significance of @entity2550 spp. and Campylobacter spp. in @entity1 with @entity294 .

title: Occurrence of enteropathogenic bacteria in @entity1 under 5 years with XXXX in south Tehran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhoea']


abstract: The current increase in the prevalence of @entity5419 appears to have several causes including better screening, improved diagnosis and changes in both the techniques used by food manufacturers and eating habits. Labial food challenge (LFC)is simple, rapid to perform and is associated with only low risks of systemic reaction. It is thus an appealing alternative to the oral food challenge (OFC) for pediatric use. We report a series of 202 LFC performed over two years in 142 @entity1 with @entity5419 suspected from the case history, positive skin prick tests and specific serum IgE assays: 156 LFC were positive; and 46 negative, followed by positive single-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges (SBPCFC). The foods provoking reactions were egg white (75 cases), peanut (60 cases), mustard (23 cases), @entity291 's milk (13 cases), cod (8 cases), kiwi fruit, shrimp (4 cases each), @entity1573 , peanut oil (3 cases each), hazel nuts (2 cases), and snails, apple, fennel, garlic, chilli peppers, pepper, and @entity4186 (1 case each). LFC positivity was mostly (89.7% of cases) manifested as a labial @entity4 with contiguous @entity110 . There were systemic reactions in 4.5% of cases: generalized @entity110 , @entity7374 and rapid-onset and @entity484 . The 46 @entity1 with negative LFC results had positive SBPCFC. The reactions were in 34 cases generalized @entity110 , 10 cases @entity565 attacks, 2 cases early and @entity484 , and in one case general anaphylactic shock. The sensitivity of the LFC was 77%. The LFC was easy to perform with @entity1 . Positive results indicate the presence of @entity5419 , but negative results require further investigations preferably double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC).

title: Labial food challenge in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity484 :: ('MESH:D004485', 'Disease') :: ['generalized eczema']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy', 'food allergies']

entities_list: @entity7374 :: ('MESH:D006685', 'Disease') :: ['hoarseness']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity5419 :: (MESH:D005512,Disease) :: ['food allergy']


abstract: During the purification of @entity95 liver microsomal @entity11421 (P-450LM), evidence was obtained for the occurrence of at least four distinct forms. These were distinguished by @entity2975 gel electrophoresis after treatment with @entity3208 in the presence or absence of @entity6514 and were shown to have characteristic spectra as the reduced @entity1223 complexes. They are designated by their relative electrophoretic mobilities. @entity11422 , which was purified to apparent homogeneity, is induced by @entity109 and has a subunit molecular weight of 50,000. @entity11424 , which was also extensively purified, is induced by @entity11423 and has a molecular weight of 54,000. P-450LM1,7, which is induced neither by @entity109 nor @entity11423 , is a mixtureMIXTURE OF ABOUT EQUAL AMOUNTS OF TWO FORMS WITH MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF 47,000 AND 60,000 RESPECTIVELY. Some preparations were obtained containing primarily P-450LM1 or P-450LM7. @entity10045 , @entity7680 , and @entity40444 are hydroxylated preferentially by @entity11422 , and @entity40445 by P-450LM1,7. @entity30708 is hydroxylated in both positions 2 and 4 by all of the preparations, but the latter position is strongly favored by the action of @entity11422 . @entity251 is hydroxylated primarily in position 16alpha by @entity11422 and in position 6beta by P-450LM1,7. Although the occurrence of additional forms of the cytochrome with highly similar electrophoretic behavior is not ruled out, it appears that the presence of these forms differing in subunit molecular weight may account for the variety of catalytic activities attributed to this pigment of liver microsomes.

title: Purified liver microsomal XXXX . Separation and characterization of multiple forms.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity11423 :: ('MESH:D019324', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-naphthoflavone']

entities_list: @entity40445 :: ('MESH:D001580', 'Chemical') :: ['benzpyrene']

entities_list: @entity40444 :: ('MESH:C005306', 'Chemical') :: ['p-nitroanisole']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity6514 :: ('MESH:D008623', 'Chemical') :: ['mercaptoethanol']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity7680 :: ('MESH:D005036', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylmorphine']

entities_list: @entity10045 :: ('MESH:D001589', 'Chemical') :: ['Benzphetamine']

answer: @entity11421 :: (100328948(Tax:9986),Gene) :: ['cytochrome P-450']


abstract: Using a retrospective diagnostic approach based upon an analysis of the clinical data found in biographical documents, the author explores the medical peculiarities apparent in the life of Emmanuel Kant. The clinical history is globally dominated by neurological and ophthalmological symptoms. From a neurological standpoint, the philosopher started to manifest around the age of fifty a subtle deterioration of his mental powers. This disorder gradually impaired his intelligence and judgement, progressing slowly toward @entity303 . He also manifested signs of @entity428 , and later, frontal symptoms such as a slackening of social inhibitions, stereotypies and affective disinterest. An anosmia is also reported and several episodes of @entity909 are highly reminiscent of late-onset @entity302 . Ophthalmological findings include transient @entity227 , a bout of @entity892 , and a progressive @entity1018 in his left eye. Various diagnostic hypotheses found in the literature are then reviewed. These hypotheses are confronted with the clinical data and the reasons for their inadequacy are assessed. The nature of the clinical features, in conjunction with the similarity underlying the evolution of the @entity16 and the philosopher's psychological profile, leads us to propose a diagnosis of frontal @entity5 , possibly of meningiomatous origin. This aetiology makes it possible to account for more biographical data than has been the case with other hypotheses presented to date.

title: [Was Emmanuel Kant's @entity303 symptomatic of a frontal XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual obscurations']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['raised intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuro-ophthalmological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic fits']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']