abstract: A 2-year-old female Quarter @entity1641 was evaluated for hind limb @entity1273 , @entity221 (40 degrees C [104 degrees F]), and lethargy of 2 weeks' duration. @entity9427 characterized by @entity4988 and hyperfibrinogenemia was detected. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed thickening of the right dorsal colon wall. Treatment was instituted for putative right dorsal coliis. @entity1273 localized signs of @entity158 to the lumbar vertebrae or pelvis. Radiography performed with the @entity1641 standing and nuclear scintigraphy revealed no abnormalities. Ventrodorsal pelvic radiography revealed a focal area of bony lysis and proliferation involving the cranial portion of the pubic symphysis. Aspiration yielded purulent exudate containing @entity5820 , which was susceptible to @entity2929 . Treatment included surgical debridement of the abscess and oral administration of @entity2929 and @entity1215 . The @entity1641 's hind limb @entity1273 completely resolved within 20 days. Infections of the pubic symphysis should be considered when @entity1273 localized to the pelvis is associated with @entity221 and an inflammatory leukogram.

title: Osteomyelitis of the pelvis caused by XXXX in a two-year-old @entity1641 .

entities_list: @entity1273 :: ('MESH:D007794', 'Disease') :: ['lameness', 'Lameness evaluation']

entities_list: @entity5820 :: ('43767', 'Species') :: ['Rhodococcus equi']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

entities_list: @entity9427 :: ('MESH:D007019', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoproteinemia']

answer: @entity5820 :: (43767,Species) :: ['Rhodococcus equi']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of chronic @entity1244 , with reference to the extent of sinus involvement. STUDY DESIGN: A nonrandomized, retrospective, controlled qualitative and quantitative study. METHODS: Twenty-nine adults with refractory chronic @entity1244 underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery. The score of computed tomography scans was used to determine the extent of disease. Six @entity1 with normal sinus mucosae served as control subjects. Specimens underwent routine histological processing and @entity1710 - @entity1711 and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Immunohistochemistry for T and B lymphocytes was applied. Low-magnification microscopy was designed to yield typical pathological features, and high magnification to count various inflammatory cells. RESULTS: @entity1 were divided into two groups according to their dominant pathological features: 16 had polypoid mucosa and @entity1712 , and 13 had @entity1373 . The number of eosinophils, T and B lymphocytes in the lamina propria was significantly higher in @entity1 with polypoid mucosa and @entity1712 , compared with those with @entity1373 and with normal control subjects, whereas the difference between @entity1 with @entity1373 and control subjects was insignificant. Although the overall inflammatory reaction was relatively modest, @entity1412 was more prevalent in @entity1 with polypoid mucosa and @entity1712 ; likewise, computed tomography revealed a significantly more extensive disease in these @entity1 compared with the @entity1 with @entity1373 . CONCLUSION: Two pathophysiological pathways, inducing prolonged obstruction to the outflow of sinus secretion and ultimately causing @entity32 , are suggested: 1) swollen polypoid mucosa with activation of eosinophils that damage the epithelium and 2) continued increased mucus secretion originated from hyperplastic submucosal seromucous glands.

title: Polypoid mucosa with @entity1712 and @entity1373 in chronic XXXX : a histopathological and immunohistochemical study.

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['glandular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyposis']

answer: @entity1244 :: (MESH:D012852,Disease) :: ['sinusitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Parathyroid adenoma detection with dual-phase @entity10979 (MIBI) scintigraphy depends on differential MIBI washout from thyroid. However, @entity1669 ( @entity1669 ) may cause MIBI to be retained in the thyroid gland and reduce parathyroid detection. We evaluated the impact of @entity1669 on MIBI thyroid retention and additional benefit of SPECT/CT in these @entity1 . METHODS: Dual phase planar MIBI and SPECT/CT was performed on 82 @entity1 . SPECT/CT was performed immediately after delayed planar scan. Thyroid density (Hounsfield unit, CT-HU) and size were measured on CT component of SPECT/CT. MIBI uptake in early scans and retention in delayed scans were visually graded and correlated with clinical factors and CT findings. Finally, planar and SPECT/CT findings were compared for @entity8611 visualization according to thyroid MIBI retention. RESULTS: In early scan, multivariate analysis showed only thyroid size predicted early uptake. In delayed scan, multivariate analysis showed higher visual grade in early scan, lower CT-HU or @entity1669 were significant predictors for delayed thyroid parenchymal retention. Overall, ten more @entity8611 were visualized on SPECT/CT compared to planar scans (57 vs. 47, p   =   0.002). SPECT/CT was especially more useful in @entity1 with thyroidal MIBI retention, as eight out of the ten additional lesions detected were found in @entity1 with thyroid MIBI retention. CONCLUSION: @entity1669 is an important factor for MIBI thyroid parenchymal retention on delayed scans, and may impede @entity8611 detection. @entity1 with MIBI retention in the thyroid parenchyma on delayed scans are likely to benefit from an additional SPECT/CT.

title: Usefulness of SPECT/CT in Parathyroid Lesion Detection in XXXX with Thyroid Parenchymal @entity10979 Retention.

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease', 'AITD']

entities_list: @entity8611 :: ('MESH:D010279', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid lesions', 'parathyroid lesion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of a single vs dual occluders in the treatment of multiple @entity118 ( @entity118 ). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of @entity1 with multiple @entity118 treated with single or dual Amplatzer septal occluders from January 2010 to March 2013. Data extracted from the medical records included @entity1 demographic information, ASD sizes, distance between the defects, preprocedure and postprocedure echocardiographic parameters, and treatment-related complications. Treatment success was defined as the occluder stably fixed without shunting, and no effects to other @entity299 . RESULTS: Sixty-four @entity1 were included. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to age, weight, gender, larger ASD diameter, smaller ASD diameter, and echocardiographic parameters before treatment. Successful closure was achieved in all @entity1 in the single-occluder group regardless of whether the distance between defects was >= 7 mm or <7 mm, and in all @entity1 in the dual-occluder group. Residual shunting after surgery and residual leakage after 1-year follow-up were significantly more common in the dual-occluder group compared with the single-occluder group (residual shunting: 31% vs 8%, respectively; P=.02 and residual leakage: 19% vs 2%, respectively; P=.04). No procedure-related complications occurred in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Single and dual occluders are both safe and effective for the repair of multiple @entity118 ; however, the risk of residual shunt is greater with dual occluders.

title: Comparison of the effectiveness and safety of single versus dual occluders for the closure of multiple XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defects', 'ASDs']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart structures']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defects']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity9769 @entity24039 @entity6407 and @entity24037 @entity6344 variants have been analyzed as putative genetic risk factors for @entity3384 within various populations worldwide. METHODS: To test the role of these polymorphisms in @entity3384 with or without @entity2419 ( @entity9147 /P) in the Brazilian population, we conducted a study combining a Family-Based Association Test (transmission disequilibrium test) and a structured association analysis (case-control study) based on the individual ancestry proportions. The @entity24039 and @entity24037 were initially analyzed in 197 case-parent trios by transmission disequilibrium test, and polymorphisms showing significant association with @entity9147 /P were subsequently studied in independent sample composed of 318 isolated samples of @entity9147 /P and 598 healthy controls in a case-control approach. Genomic ancestry was characterized by a set of 40 biallelic short insertion/deletion markers. RESULTS: A strong overtransmission of the T allele of @entity24037 was observed in case-parent trios of @entity9147 /P (p   =   0.002), but no preferential parent-of-origin transmission was detected. No association of @entity24039 polymorphism with @entity9147 /P was observed. The structured case-control analysis supported that the T allele was significantly more frequent in the @entity9147 /P group (odds ratio: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.12-1.69; p   =   0.002) than in the control group. Both polymorphisms were in linkage disequilibrium (D'   =   0.94 and r(2)    =   0.79), and haplotype-transmission disequilibrium test for allelic combination of @entity24039 and @entity24037 showed a significant overtransmission of haplotype A-T to the affected @entity9147 /P offspring (p   =   0.001). CONCLUSION: Our findings provide evidences for the involvement of @entity24037 in the development of @entity9147 /P in the Brazilian population. @entity600 Research (Part A) 103:292-298, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: rs1801133C>T polymorphism in XXXX is a risk factor for @entity3384 with or without @entity2419 in the Brazilian population.

entities_list: @entity6344 :: ('c|SUB|C||T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['C>T']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['Birth Defects']

entities_list: @entity6407 :: ('c|SUB|A||C', 'DNAMutation') :: ['A>C']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['nonsyndromic cleft lip', 'oral clefts']

answer: @entity9769 :: (4524,Gene) :: ['MTHFR']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION: Disease registries, as part of electronic health records (EHRs), have shown promise in improving care and outcomes. However, little is known about how best to implement them across communities, especially in communities that are not highly integrated. The Western New York (WNY) primary care community consists largely of independent practices using at least 20 different EHR products. This paper discusses the processes undertaken to develop a communitywide EHR disease registry in WNY, improvements it engendered, barriers overcome, and the lessons learned. METHODS: HEALTHeLINK, under the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology @entity36740 Community Initiative, reached out to 98 primary care practices in the WNY region to establish EHR-based @entity6 registries. Working with practices, community partners, and vendors, registry specifications were created. The registry was piloted with practices using one local vendor's EHR product and then rolled out to other practices, including five other EHR products. Using identified and de-identified registry datasets, quality benchmarking within and between practices and population health management were undertaken. FINDINGS: From 2011 to 2013, the WNY @entity36740 Community assisted 98 practices (344 providers) serving over 50,000 adult @entity6 @entity1 . A major focus was on EHR registry development across diverse systems, and overcoming the challenges this presented. The @entity36740 @entity6 registry was implemented at 85 of the 98 targeted practices. Of these registries, 65 met the criteria described in a later section for quality benchmarking and population health management purposes. Practices received quarterly benchmark reports summarizing their performance on key @entity6 metrics and were compared to community practice averages. Practices used their registries for population health management by identifying and targeting @entity1 in need of follow-up or specific @entity6 . DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The creation of the registry infrastructure required unified registry technical specifications as well as close collaboration between all parties involved. The WNY experience showed that a useful disease registry can be established in a community largely consisting of numerous disparate primary care practices. This laid the groundwork for the future use of EHR data for a variety of purposes in the community. The methods used and lessons learned through this endeavor may benefit other communities in a similar position, with several disconnected EHRs, to establish unified registries.

title: Developing a communitywide electronic health record disease registry in primary care practices: lessons learned from the Western new york XXXX community.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes quality', 'diabetes-related care']

answer: @entity36740 :: (59286,Gene) :: ['beacon']


abstract: In serial studies of @entity15 , reductions in magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) are thought to be due to @entity17 and @entity393 , with later rises due to remyelination. This study followed serial changes in MTR in acute @entity7995 in combination with clinical and electrophysiological measurements to determine if the MTR changes over time mirror the picture in @entity15 , further validating MTR as a marker of tissue integrity. Twenty-nine @entity1 were recruited who had acute @entity7995 for a median of 13 days (range 7-24 days) since the onset of @entity227 . A clinical examination and measurement of visual evoked potentials (VEP) was performed on each @entity1 . Their optic nerves were imaged with a fat-saturated fast spin echo (FSE) sequence and a magnetization transfer sequence. Twenty-one had multiple subsequent examinations over the course of 1 year. In addition, 27 control subjects had their optic nerves imaged up to three times over 1 year. A blinded observer segmented the optic nerves from the MTR maps. Lesions were defined on the acute FSE images and, from the coordinates, the ratio of mean lesion MTR : healthy nerve MTR (lesion ratio) was calculated for each dataset. The time-averaged mean MTR in control optic nerves was 47.7 per cent units (pu). In diseased optic nerves, baseline mean MTR was 47.3 pu, with a mean lesion ratio of 0.98. The diseased optic nerve MTR and lesion ratio declined over time with a nadir at about 240 days at a mean MTR value of 44.2 pu and mean lesion ratio of 0.91. Subsequently, diseased optic nerve MTR appeared to rise; after 1 year the diseased optic nerve mean MTR was 45.1 pu (mean lesion ratio 0.93), although the difference was not significant compared with the nadir value. For each 0.01 increase in time-averaged lesion ratio logMAR visual acuity recovery improved by 0.03 (95% CI, 0.002, 0.08, P = 0.02). Time-averaged VEP central field latency was shorter by 6.1 ms (95% CI 1.5, 10.7, P = 0.012) per 1 pu rise in time-averaged diseased optic nerve MTR. The early fall in diseased optic nerve MTR is consistent with @entity17 and @entity6441 of transected axons. The late nadir compared with studies of @entity15 may have been due to slow clearance of @entity17 . Remyelination may have influenced subsequent MTR changes. The observations support using MTR to monitor symptomatic demyelinating lesions.

title: Serial magnetization transfer imaging in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['myelin debris', 'demyelination']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual symptoms']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity6441 :: ('MESH:D014855', 'Disease') :: ['Wallerian degeneration']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['axonal loss']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis lesions']

answer: @entity7995 :: (MESH:D009902,Disease) :: ['optic neuritis']


abstract: The post-transcriptional regulator molecules, microRNAs, have emerged as important biomarkers and modulators of numerous pathophysiological processes including oncogenesis and @entity65 . Recently, a significant number of dysregulations in microRNAs have been reported in @entity1 suffering from @entity2531 such as @entity158 , @entity2335 -induced @entity1118 and @entity146 , in both affected tissues and the circulation. Moreover, microRNAs are known to be involved in @entity158 processing based on several recent findings in animal models of inflammatory and @entity9 . The basis of this review was to cover and summarize available articles in English encompassing "microRNA and @entity158 ". In @entity158 models widespread microRNA modulation is present and manifests on multiple levels i.e.: the dorsal root ganglia, the spinal dorsal horn and the brain. Numerous functional in vivo studies have found that dysregulated microRNAs are involved in the post-transcriptional modulation of genes implicated in @entity158 generation and maintenance. Lastly, a few animal studies have delivered promising results as to the possibility of applying microRNAs as therapeutics to alleviate established @entity158 and several clinical studies have highlighted the potential in applying microRNAs as biomarkers in @entity158 conditions such as @entity158 and @entity239 . This review briefly introduces the basics of microRNAs, their biogenesis and function, and mainly focuses on the recent advances made in understanding the role of microRNAs in relation to @entity158 processing and @entity158 conditions. It also provides an overview of widely diverse methodological approaches and results with a potential for future implications of microRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of @entity158 .

title: MicroRNAs as modulators and biomarkers of inflammatory and XXXX conditions.

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel disorder']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['painful disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['animal pain', 'pain', 'complex regional pain syndrome', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It is difficult to accurately predict treatment resistance in @entity573 ( @entity573 ). @entity1 considered to be low-risk cases often develop resistance to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). We herein examined whether information from the clinical course of @entity573 could improve the prediction accuracy of a previously reported risk score. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 100 @entity573 @entity1 . The clinical characteristics and laboratory data were compared between IVIG-sensitive and IVIG-resistant @entity1 and also between @entity1 with and without @entity574 ( @entity574 ). The total incidence of IVIG resistance and @entity574 development was 34 and 13  %, respectively. Multiple regression analysis identified the early appearance of principal symptoms ( <=day 2 of the illness) as a risk factor for IVIG resistance (OR 2.88, 95  % CI 1.11-7.44, p  =  0.0041), whereas delayed IVIG administration (>= day 6) (OR 2.23, 95  % CI 0.66-7.64, p  =  0.018) and IVIG resistance (OR 9.05, 95  % CI 2.27-36.10, p  =  0.015) were independent predictors for @entity574 development. The addition of the first appearance day of principal symptoms into a previously reported scoring system improved its prediction accuracy for IVIG resistance. @entity573 @entity1 who had presented with any principal symptoms within 2  days of fever onset were at a high risk for IVIG resistance regardless of previously reported risk score. A careful medical history-taking that is focused on the clinical course enables a better prediction of IVIG resistance.

title: Early Appearance of Principal Symptoms of XXXX is a Risk Factor for Intravenous Immunoglobulin Resistance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['KD', 'Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity574 :: ('MESH:D003323', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery aneurysm', 'CAA']

answer: @entity573 :: (MESH:C537014,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki Disease']


abstract: Resection specimens from 145 @entity1 with primary B-cell @entity6595 at stage IE (n = 88) and at stage IIE (n = 57) were investigated. Histologically, low-grade malignant @entity1892 arising from the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, including immunocytoma (n = 71), could be distinguished from high-grade malignant @entity1892 with (n = 25) and without (n = 49) evidence of a low-grade component. The very rare low-grade @entity1892 of centroblastic-centrocytic, centrocytic, and plasmacytic type were not considered. All @entity1 had undergone primary gastric resection, and 65 received additional chemotherapy (n = 33), radiotherapy (n = 22), or both (n = 10). Actuarial overall survival rates calculated by the Kaplan-Meier life-table method were 76% after 5 years and 58% after 10 years. According to the Mantel test and a multivariate analysis using the Cox regression method, @entity1 at stage IE had a significantly better survival probability than those at stage IIE (P less than 0.0001); 5-year survival rates were 87% and 61%, respectively. The survival probability for low-grade @entity706 was significantly better than for @entity5 with secondary high-grade transformation (P less than 0.05) or for primary @entity1893 (P less than 0.0001), whereas the two high-grade groups were not significantly different. Five-year survival rates were 91% for low-grade, 73% for secondary high-grade, and 56% for primary high-grade @entity706 . Retrospectively, no significantly different survival rates were found between @entity1 who had undergone gastric resection alone and @entity1 who had received additional treatment. However, survival analyses showed that classification and grading according to the histopathological concept of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-derived @entity6595 into low-grade @entity1892 of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type and high-grade @entity1892 with or without evidence of a low-grade component has great prognostic relevance.

title: Primary B-cell XXXX : a clinicopathological study of 145 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lymphomas', 'gastric lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['high-grade lymphomas']

answer: @entity6595 :: (MESH:C535648,Disease) :: ['gastric lymphoma']


abstract: @entity99 ( @entity99 ) is defined as an acute hepatic manifestation resulting from heavy @entity167 intake. Histologically, @entity7936 ( @entity7936 ) is characterized by hepatocellular @entity1560 , @entity32 , and @entity82 . @entity167 abstinence is the sine qua non of therapy for @entity99 and, in the milder forms, is prerequisite to clinical recovery. Severe @entity7936 may lead to multi-organ failure such as @entity810 and @entity281 , which has a major impact on survival and thus should be closely monitored. @entity1 with severe @entity7936 have a drastic short-term mortality of up to 40-50%. Specific therapies should be considered for @entity1 with severe @entity7936 at risk of @entity204 . Corticosteroids are the standard of care for @entity1 with severe @entity7936 . When @entity288 are contraindicated, @entity1502 may be an alternative option. Steroid responsiveness should be evaluated on the basis of Lille score. Tactically, we should explore novel therapeutic targets to suppress @entity32 based on cytokine profiles, promote hepatic regeneration, limit innate immune responses, and restore altered gut mucosal integrity in severe @entity7936 . (Korean J Gastroenterol 2015;65:4-11).

title: [Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for severe XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity7936 :: ('MESH:D005235', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic steatohepatitis', 'ASH']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1502 :: ('MESH:D010431', 'Chemical') :: ['pentoxifylline']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Alcoholic hepatitis', 'AH']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['alcoholic hepatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 resection can lead to internal carotid artery (ICA) injury. @entity455 is often treated with emergent vessel deconstruction, incurring complications in a subset of @entity1 with poor collateral circulation and resulting in minor and major @entity385 . METHODS: We attempted a novel approach combining a covered stent graft (Jostent) and two flow diverter stents [Pipeline embolization devices (PEDs)] to treat active extravasation from a disrupted right ICA that was the result of a transsphenoidal surgery complication. This disruption occurred during @entity5 surgery and required immediate sphenoidal sinus packing. Emergent angiography revealed continued petrous carotid artery extravasation, warranting emergent vessel repair or deconstruction for treatment. To preserve the vessel, we utilized a covered Jostent. Due to tortuosity and lack of optimal wall apposition, there was reduced, yet persistent extravasation from an endoleak after Jostent deployment that failed to resolve despite multiple angioplasties. Therefore, we used PEDs to divert the flow. RESULTS: Flow diversion relieved the extravasation. The @entity1 remained neurologically intact post-procedure. CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates successful combined use of a covered stent and flow diverters to treat @entity1317 resulting from transsphenoidal surgery. However, concerns remain, including the requirement of dual antiplatelet agents increasing @entity86 risks, stent-related @entity1031 events, and delayed in-stent restenosis rates.

title: Combined use of covered stent and flow diversion to seal iatrogenic carotid injury with vessel preservation during transsphenoidal endoscopic resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular disruption']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Transsphenoidal tumor', 'clival tumor']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['acute vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic strokes']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['clival tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1466 is a rare @entity5 with remarkable differences in the incidence in various parts of the world. The available data do not elucidate recent time trends in the incidence of the disease in Western countries. We studied the epidemiology of @entity1466 in Finland over a period of 47 years. METHODS: Incidence rates for @entity1466 from 1953 to 1999, according to the population-based Finnish @entity5 Registry, were calculated per number of deliveries, obtained from the National Research and Development Center for Welfare and Health. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for the years 1971 through 1995 for @entity1 born between 1906 and 1945 were calculated by occupation taken from the 1970 Population Census. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity1466 was 40/10(6) deliveries for the study period 1953-1999 as a whole. The respective incidence rate calculated per female population and adjusted for age to the world standard population was 1.3/10(6). The incidence, per number of deliveries, was remarkably higher in @entity1 above 40 years as compared to younger @entity1 . There was a decline in the incidence of the disease in @entity1 between 25 and 39 years of age from 53/10(6) deliveries in 1953-1984 to 26/10(6) deliveries in 1985-1999. High occupation-specific risks were observed for nurses (SIR 7.8; 95% confidence interval 2.1-20) and agricultural workers (SIR 11; 95% confidence interval 1.4-40). CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity1466 in Finland is similar to that reported earlier for other Western countries. The recent decline in the incidence of the disease, the enormous increase in the risk among old fertile @entity1 , and clustering of cases to certain occupations should be targets of future studies.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX in Finland, 1953 to 1999.

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['Choriocarcinoma', 'choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity1466 :: (MESH:D002822,Disease) :: ['choriocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Assess the utility of peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) for estimating whole body fat in adolescent @entity1 . RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Our sample included 458 @entity1 (aged 10.7    1.1y, mean BMI = 18.5    3.3 kg/m(2)) who had DXA scans for whole body percent fat (DXA %Fat). Soft tissue analysis of pQCT scans provided thigh and @entity291 subcutaneous percent fat and thigh and @entity291 muscle density (muscle fat content surrogates). Anthropometric variables included weight, height and BMI. Indices of maturity included age and maturity offset. The total sample was split into validation (VS; n = 304) and cross-validation (CS; n = 154) samples. Linear regression was used to develop prediction equations for estimating DXA %Fat from anthropometric variables and pQCT-derived soft tissue components in VS and the best prediction equation was applied to CS. RESULTS: Thigh and @entity291 SFA %Fat were positively correlated with DXA %Fat (r = 0.84 to 0.85; p <0.001) and thigh and @entity291 muscle densities were inversely related to DXA %Fat (r = -0.30 to -0.44; p < 0.001). The best equation for estimating %Fat included thigh and @entity291 SFA %Fat and thigh and @entity291 muscle density (adj. R(2) = 0.90; SEE = 2.7%). Bland-Altman analysis in CS showed accurate estimates of percent fat (adj. R(2) = 0.89; SEE = 2.7%) with no bias. DISCUSSION: Peripheral QCT derived indices of adiposity can be used to accurately estimate whole body percent fat in adolescent @entity1 .

title: Estimation of whole body fat from appendicular soft tissue from peripheral quantitative computed tomography in adolescent XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girls']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Age of @entity1 with @entity320 varies directly with mortality and inversely with the presence of sentinel lymph node (SLN) @entity3 . To gain further insight into this apparent paradox, we analyzed the relationship between age and other major prognostic factors. METHODS: The Sunbelt @entity320 Trial is a prospective, randomized study with 79 institutions involving SLN biopsy for @entity320 . Eligible @entity1 were 18 to 70 years old with @entity320 of > or = 1.0-mm Breslow thickness and clinically N0 regional lymph nodes. SLNs were evaluated by serial histological sections and immunohistochemistry for @entity4483 protein. RESULTS: A total of 3076 @entity1 were enrolled in the study, with a median follow-up of 19 months. Five age groups were examined: 18 to 30, 31 to 40, 41 to 50, 51 to 60, and 61 to 70 years. Trends between age and several key prognostic factors was identified: as age group increased, so did Breslow thickness (analysis of variance; P <.001), the incidence of @entity1066 and regression, and the proportion of male @entity1 (each variable: chi2, P <.001). The incidence of SLN @entity3 , however, declined with increasing age (chi2; P <.001). CONCLUSIONS: As age increases, so does Breslow thickness, the incidence of @entity1066 and regression, and the proportion of male @entity1 -all poor prognostic factors. However, the frequency of SLN @entity3 declines with increasing age. It is not known whether this represents a decreased sensitivity (higher false-negative rate) of the SLN procedure in older @entity1 or a different biological behavior (hematogenous spread) of @entity320 in older @entity1 .

title: Correlation between prognostic factors and increasing age in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'Melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity4177 ( @entity4177 ) is the most common @entity96 and occasionally presents with histological and clinical features reminiscent of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). Identification of molecular mechanisms that drive the neoplastic continuation towards more aggressive @entity157 phenotypes may help to guide the new stage of targeted therapies. METHODS: We performed comprehensive studies on genetic and chromosomal alterations as well as candidate gene function and their clinical relevance. RESULTS: Whole-exome sequencing identified @entity4177 as a genetically very simple @entity5 (2.9 mutations per @entity5 ) with recurrent mutations in   -catenin ( @entity3546 ) (12/15 cases) and the transcription factor @entity13791 (2/15 cases). Their @entity157 -like progenies share the common @entity3546 mutation, but additionally exhibit a significantly increased mutation number and chromosomal instability due to deletions of the genome guardians @entity30774 and @entity876 , accompanied by @entity2215 ( @entity2215 ) promoter mutations. Targeted genotyping of 33 primary @entity5 and cell lines revealed @entity3546 , @entity13791 , and @entity2215 mutations in 72.5%, 9.8%, and 5.9% of cases, respectively. All @entity13791 mutations affected residues of the @entity13791 protein that are recognized by the @entity13792 / @entity30566 complex for proteasomal degradation. Consequently, cells transfected with mutant @entity13791 were insensitive to @entity13792 -mediated downregulation of @entity13791 signalling. Clinically, overexpression of the @entity13791 target gene @entity5878 in @entity5 was significantly associated with @entity3 , vascular invasion, the adverse prognostic C2 gene signature, as well as poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates the importance of @entity3546 mutations and @entity13791 - @entity13792 pathway activation in @entity4177 development and defines loss of genomic stability and @entity2215 promoter mutations as prominent characteristics of aggressive @entity4177 with @entity157 features.

title: The genomic landscape of @entity4177 and their progenies with XXXX -like features.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['childhood liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2215 :: ('7015', 'Gene') :: ['TERT', 'telomerase reverse-transcriptase']

entities_list: @entity4177 :: ('MESH:D018197', 'Disease') :: ['HB', 'Hepatoblastoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['HCC']


abstract: We review the results of a modified quadricepsplasty in five @entity1 who developed @entity2693 of the knee after femoral lengthening for @entity851 using an Ilizarov external fixator which spanned the knee. All had a full range of movement of the knee before lengthening was undertaken. Unifocal lengthening was carried out in the distal metaphysiodiaphyseal region of the distal femur with a mean gain of 6.5 cm. The mean percentage lengthening was 24%. At the end of one year after removal of the Ilizarov frame and despite intensive physiotherapy all @entity1 had @entity2693 . Physiotherapy was continued after the quadricepsplasty and, at the latest follow-up (mean 27 months), the mean active flexion was 102 degrees (80 to 130). The gain in movement ranged from 50 degrees to 100 degrees. One @entity1 had a @entity2737 which settled after a course of oral antibiotics. None developed an increased extension lag after surgery and all were very satisfied with the results. Quadricepsplasty is a useful procedure for @entity2693 of the knee after femoral lengthening which has not responded to physiotherapy.

title: Quadricepsplasty for knee @entity2693 after femoral lengthening in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['congenital short femur']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['superficial wound infection']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['congenital short femur']


abstract: The rapid detection and identification of Candida species in clinical laboratories are extremely important for the management of @entity1 with @entity7553 . The presently available culture and biochemical methods for detection and species identification of Candida are time-consuming and lack the required sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we have established a seminested PCR (snPCR) using universal and species-specific primers for detection of Candida species in serum specimens. The universal outer primers amplified the 3' end of 5.8S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and the 5' end of 28S rDNA, including the internally transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), generating 350- to 410-bp fragments from the four commonly encountered Candida species, viz., @entity5132 , @entity9841 , @entity7408 , and @entity7409 . The species-specific primers, complementary to unique sequences within the ITS2 of each test species, amplified species-specific DNA in the reamplification step of the snPCR. The sensitivity of Candida detection by snPCR in spiked serum specimens was close to 1 organism/ml. Evaluation of snPCR for specific identification of Candida species with 76 clinical Candida isolates showed 99% concordant results with the Vitek and/or ID32C @entity375 identification system. Further evaluation of snPCR for detection of Candida species in sera from culture-proven (n = 12), suspected (n = 16), and superficially colonized (n = 10) @entity1 and healthy subjects (n = 12) showed that snPCR results were consistently negative with sera from healthy individuals and colonized @entity1 . In culture-proven @entity4963 @entity1 , the snPCR results were in full agreement with blood culture results with respect to both positivity and species identity. In addition, snPCR detected @entity4963 due to two Candida species in five @entity1 , compared to three by blood culture. In the category of suspected @entity4963 with negative blood cultures for Candida, nine @entity1 (56%) were positive by snPCR; two of them had dual infection with @entity5132 and either @entity9841 or @entity7408 . In conclusion, the snPCR developed in this study is specific and more sensitive than culture for the detection of Candida species in serum specimens. Moreover, the improved detection of cases of @entity4963 caused by more than one Candida species is an additional advantage.

title: Seminested PCR for diagnosis of XXXX : comparison with culture, antigen detection, and biochemical methods for species identification.

entities_list: @entity4963 :: ('MESH:D058387', 'Disease') :: ['candidemia']

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['C. parapsilosis']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['hematogenous candidiasis']

answer: @entity4963 :: (MESH:D058387,Disease) :: ['candidemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Activated monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells participate in the restenosis processes. Monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils are activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via @entity5750 . Endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells are also stimulated by soluble @entity5750 (sCD14)-LPS complexes. METHODS: We tested the hypothesis that C(-260)-->T polymorphism of the @entity5750 gene and sCD14 might be predictors for in-stent restenosis. We analyzed 129 consecutive @entity1 who underwent elective coronary stenting. The restenosis was defined as > or =50% diameter stenosis at follow-up angiography. RESULTS: The prevalence of the @entity1619 genotype and the concentration of sCD14 were significantly higher in the restenosis group than in the no-restenosis group. This @entity5750 polymorphism also affected the levels of sCD14, therefore, we divided the @entity1 into four groups. The loss index was 24.8% in C/C or C/T and < or =50th percentile of sCD14, 35.9% in @entity1619 and < or =50th percentile of sCD14, 44.2% in C/C or C/T and >50th percentile of sCD14, and 49.1% in @entity1619 and >50th percentile of sCD14 (P=0.02). The restenosis rate was 10.0%, 26.7%, 26.2% and 50.0% in each group, respectively (P=0.003). In the multivariate analysis, @entity1619 and >50th percentile of sCD14 was the independent predictor for in-stent restenosis. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the @entity1619 genotype with a high level of sCD14 is an independent predictor of in-stent restenosis. The activation of monocytes/macrophages, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells mediated by @entity5750 and/or sCD14 may play an important role in the restenosis processes.

title: Promoter polymorphism in the @entity5750 gene and concentration of soluble XXXX in @entity1 with in-stent restenosis after elective coronary stenting.

answer: @entity5750 :: (929,Gene) :: ['CD14']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 169 Background: High Risk (HR) @entity263 (CaP) @entity1 (pts) are a heterogeneous group. A recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) was performed to determine if tissue involvement could identify @entity1 at risk for biochemical failure (BF). METHODS: Between 1992-2009, 608 HR CaP pts with complete prostate biopsy detail data (% overall tissue involvement (%TI), GP45 (weighted average of %TI for Gleason Pattern 4 or 5), Gleason Score (GS)) underwent @entity138 with/out ADT. Primary endpoint was freedom from biochemical failure (FFBF). RPA based on time to BF was used to determine cutpoints for each prognostic variable. Multivariable (MVA) RPAs were used to assess interactions of significant variables (p<0.05) from univariate analysis (UVA). RESULTS: Median follow up for PSA measurement was 45 months (3-193 mo). UVA RPA revealed significant cutpoints for FFBF for Tstage (higher risk of BF(HRBF) for T2c,T3b,T3c,T4,Tx vs lower risk of BF(LRBF) for T1,T2a,T2b,T3a, (p<0.001)); GS(HRBF 3+4/5, 4+5 vs LRBF 2-6, 2+3/4, 5+3/4/5 (p=0.011); iPSA (LRBF <= 37 vs HRBF >37 ng/ml (p<0.001)); dose (HRBF <= 74.9 vs LRBF >74.9 Gy); @entity138 type(LRBF IMRT vs HRBF 3D-CRT, p=0.032), %TI (LRBF <= 53% vs HRBF >53% (p<0.001)); GP45 (LRBF <= 33% vs HRBF >33%(p<0.001)). Overall, FFBF at 5 yr was 79.2% (95%CI 75.0-82.8). For MVA RPA, splits are same as UVA unless noted. MVA RPA excluding GP45 and %TI showed 5 groups (5 yr FFBF 45.9%, 66.8%, 74.2%, 84.2% and 89.5%; N 16, 195, 69, 20 and 308, respectively). Tstage, iPSA, GS and @entity138 type had significant interactions, with highest risk group including PSA >44ng/ml, low Tstage and 3D-CRT, and lowest risk group including PSA <= 44 ng/ml, lower risk Tstage, and lower risk GS. Including %TI in the RPA, significant interactions were between %TI (2 splits), iPSA and GS (5 yr FFBF 50.0%, 62.5%, 71.9%, 80.4% and 92.7%; N 80, 24, 65, 233, and 206, respectively). Highest risk group included pts with %TI >53%; lowest risk included pts with %TI <17%, iPSA <40 ng/mL, and GS lower risk. Using GP45 instead of %TI, 3 groups were found: high GP45; low GP45 and iPSA >= 40; low GP45 and iPSA<40 ng/ml, (5 yr FFBF 58.9%, 67.7% and 85.5%; N 103, 63 and 442, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Pts with > 53% TI, > 33% GP45 and iPSA > 40 ng/ml are at highest risk of failure, and should be considered for most aggressive treatment.

title: Use of biopsy detail to identify subgroup risk in high-risk XXXX with @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report surgical experience in @entity2849 ( @entity2849 ) repair of @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ) for @entity8 . METHODS: Twenty @entity1 undergoing @entity2849 repair of @entity2548 for @entity8 were treated in Central Hospital Conde S. Januario of Macao. Sixteen @entity1 had PAs of @entity2548 in upper extremities, 4 in lower extremities. All @entity1 were treated with surgical therapy. RESULTS: All operations were finished without @entity204 . One @entity1 suffered from acute @entity715 , recovered without any complication through instant thrombectomy. One @entity1 with postoperative incision @entity548 recovered after low molecular weight heparin was ceased. And one @entity2548 could not be mature six weeks later, was recovered after ligation of branch vein. And one @entity1 died due to recurrent @entity385 . CONCLUSION: Surgical repair is the best choice for @entity2849 of @entity2548 for @entity8 .

title: Surgical management of @entity2849 complicating XXXX for hemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal hemodialysis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVF', 'arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'PA']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistula']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prolonged survival in brain @entity3 @entity1 increases recurrence rates and places added importance on salvage therapies. Research examining @entity3600 polymer wafers as an adjuvant therapy for brain @entity3 is limited. We present a single institution retrospective series documenting the use of BCNU wafers placed in the cavity of resected recurrent brain metastases that had failed prior stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Between February 2002 and April 2013, a total of 31 @entity1 with brain metastases failed SRS and underwent resection with intracavitary placement of @entity3600 wafers. Clinical outcomes including local control, survival, cause of @entity204 , and @entity137 were determined from electronic medical records. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to assess local control and survival. Imaging features were reviewed and described for @entity1 with serial post-operative follow-up imaging examinations over time. Overall survival at 6months and 12months was 63% and 36%, respectively. Fourteen of 31 @entity1 (45%) died from neurologic causes. Local control within the resection cavity was 87% and 70% at 6 and 12months, respectively. Five @entity1 (16%) underwent further salvage therapy following @entity3600 wafer placement after local failure. Resection cavities of all six @entity1 with follow-up imaging showed linear peripheral enhancement. Pericavity and wafer enhancement was present as early as the same day as surgery and persisted in all cases to 6months or longer. @entity3600 polymer wafers are an effective salvage treatment following resection of a brain @entity3 that has failed prior SRS. For @entity1 with successful local control after wafer implantation, linear enhancement at the cavity is common.

title: Tumor resection with @entity3600 wafer placement as salvage therapy after local failure of radiosurgery for brain XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['Carmustine', 'carmustine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Concurrent use of @entity286 products such as cigarettes and water pipes may be associated with increased risk of @entity1239 dependence and smoking-related complications. Accurate statistics are not available regarding the prevalence of water pipe use or concurrent use of cigarettes and water pipe in the Iranian population. Thus, this study sought to assess the prevalence of concurrent use of cigarettes and water pipes and their related factors in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on Tehran residents over 15 years of age, who were selected via cluster, multi-stage randomized sampling, from different geographical districts of Tehran between November and December 2014. The data were collected using the water pipe section of the Global Adult @entity286 Survey (GATS) questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 1,830 individuals participated in this study, 243 (13.3%) of which exclusively used water pipes, 76 (4.2%) used both cigarettes and water pipes, and 120 (6.6%) exclusive smoked cigarettes. Of those who used both cigarettes and water pipes, 86.8% were @entity1 and 13.2% were @entity1 (P < 0.001). The mean age of those who only used water pipes was 28.01    8.7 years while the mean age of those who used both water pipes and cigarettes was 33.1    1.1 (P < 0.001). Male sex (adj. OR: 3.8) and older age (adj. OR: 1.06) increased the odds of using both @entity286 products. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of concurrent use of cigarettes and water pipes and that of exclusive water pipe use were 4.2% and 13.3%, respectively. The prevalence of exclusive cigarette smoking was 6.1%. Those who smoked both cigarettes and water pipes had a higher mean age than those who exclusively used water pipes and they were mostly @entity1 . Among those who used cigarettes and water pipes, the mean age at which they began using water pipes was lower than the mean age at which they began smoking cigarettes. In other words, dual smokers started water pipe smoking sooner than cigarette smoking. Future studies with different methodologies are required to further scrutinize the relationship between water pipe and cigarette smoking. Smoking cessation programs must specifically target dual smokers.

title: Evaluation of Dual XXXX Smoking (Water Pipe and Cigarettes) and Associated Factors in Adults in Tehran.

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the accuracy and stability of accommodation in uncorrected @entity1 during visual task performance. METHODS: Subjects were second- to seventh-grade @entity1 from a highly astigmatic population. Measurements of noncycloplegic right eye spherical equivalent (Mnc) were obtained while uncorrected subjects performed three visual tasks at near (40 cm) and distance (2 m). Tasks included reading sentences with stimulus letter size near acuity threshold and an age-appropriate letter size (high task demands) and viewing a video (low task demand). Repeated measures ANOVA assessed the influence of @entity940 , task demand, and accommodative demand on accuracy (mean Mnc) and variability (mean SD of Mnc) of accommodation. RESULTS: For near and distance analyses, respectively, sample size was 321 and 247, mean age was 10.37 (SD 1.77) and 10.30 (SD 1.74) years, mean cycloplegic M was 0.48 (SD 1.10) and 0.79 diopters (D) (SD 1.00), and mean @entity940 was 0.99 (SD 1.15) and 0.75 D (SD 0.96). Poor accommodative accuracy was associated with high @entity940 , low task demand (video viewing), and high accommodative demand. The negative effect of accommodative demand on accuracy increased with increasing @entity940 , with the poorest accommodative accuracy observed in high astigmats (>= 3.00 D) with high accommodative demand/high @entity3467 (1.53 D and 2.05 D of underaccommodation for near and distant stimuli, respectively). Accommodative variability was greatest in high astigmats and was uniformly high across task condition. No/low and moderate astigmats showed higher variability for the video task than the reading tasks. CONCLUSIONS: Accuracy of accommodation is reduced in uncorrected @entity1 with high @entity940 and high accommodative demand/high @entity3467 , but improves with increased visual task demand (reading). High astigmats showed the greatest variability in accommodation.

title: Accommodation in astigmatic XXXX during visual task performance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: In a prospective, randomized trial, @entity5646 (1 g intravenously or intramuscularly, twice daily) was compared with @entity5505 (1 g intravenously or intramuscularly, twice daily) and @entity4509 (500 mg intravenously or intramuscularly, twice daily) in 76 @entity1 aged 24 to 84 years (mean, 59.7 years) with complicated @entity293 . Initial pathogens included @entity526 (47.5%), @entity796 (22.5%), @entity4005 spp. (9%), @entity795 spp. (7.5%) and Enterobacter spp (6%). In four @entity1 initial urine cultures yielded more than one organism. All pathogens were sensitive to the three study drugs. Including performance of 4- to 6-week follow-up cultures, eradication of the pathogens occurred in 72% of @entity1 treated with @entity5646 , in 74% of those treated with @entity5505 and in 71% treated with @entity4509 (p greater than 0.05). Clinical success was observed in 84% of @entity1 treated with @entity5646 , in 82% of those treated with @entity5505 and in 85% treated with @entity4509 (p greater than 0.05). All drugs were well tolerated. It is concluded that @entity5646 , @entity5505 and @entity4509 are equally effective and safe for the treatment of complicated @entity293 due to susceptible organisms.

title: A comparative study on @entity5646 , XXXX and @entity4509 in the treatment of complicated @entity293 .

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity5646 :: ('MESH:D001398', 'Chemical') :: ['aztreonam']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity5505 :: (MESH:D002442,Chemical) :: ['ceftazidime']


abstract: We studied the influence of severe @entity6 early in @entity1720 and insulin secretion in the offspring. @entity6 (blood @entity413 greater than 20 mmol/l) was induced in female @entity35 before mating. @entity6 were insulin treated during the second half of pregnancy (mean blood @entity413 10.6 mmol/l). The offspring were reared by foster mothers. Offspring of both sexes were insulin resistant at four and seven months of age as evidenced by normal @entity413 tolerance after @entity413 (2 g/kg body weight intraperitoneally) concomitant with higher than normal rises in insulin levels. Regardless of fetal environment the male @entity35 had higher @entity413 and insulin levels than the female @entity35 . Insulin responses to @entity413 (27 mmol/l) in vitro in perfused pancreases were not increased by maternal @entity6 , male gender or higher age. Conversely responses to @entity1922 (1.0 mmol/l) were enhanced by all three conditions. The pancreatic content of insulin was only marginally affected by maternal @entity6 . We conclude that severe @entity6 during early pregnancy affects @entity413 homeostasis in the offspring primarily by @entity1720 and that susceptibility to this effect is not sex- or age-dependent.

title: Influence of severe XXXX early in pregnancy in the @entity35 : effects on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in the offspring.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'Diabetic dams', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1922 :: ('MESH:D015056', 'Chemical') :: ['3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy on insulin sensitivity', 'diminishing insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 (STEC) serotype O103 is a zoonotic pathogen that is capable of causing @entity548 and @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ) in @entity1 . The main animal reservoir for STEC is ruminants and hence reducing the levels of this pathogen in @entity291 could ultimately lower the risk of STEC infection in @entity1 . During the process of infection, STECO103 uses a Type III Secretion System (T3SS) to secrete effector proteins (T3SPs) that result in the formation of attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions. Vaccination of @entity291 with STEC serotype O157 T3SPs has previously been shown to be effective in reducing shedding of STECO157 in a serotype-specific manner. In this study, we tested the ability of rabbit polyclonal sera against individual STECO103 T3SPs to block adherence of the organism to HEp-2 cells. Our results demonstrate that pooled sera against EspA, EspB, EspF, NleA and Tir significantly lowered the adherence of STECO103 relative to pre-immune sera. Likewise, pooled anti-STECO103 sera were also able to block adherence by STECO157. Vaccination of @entity19 with STECO103 recombinant proteins induced strong IgG antibody responses against EspA, EspB, NleA and Tir but not against EspF. However, the vaccine did not affect fecal shedding of STECO103 compared to the PBS vaccinated group over the duration of the experiment. Cross reactivity studies using sera against STECO103 recombinant proteins revealed a high degree of cross reactivity with STECO26 and STECO111 proteins implying that sera against STECO103 proteins could potentially provide neutralization of attachment to epithelial cells by heterologous STEC serotypes.

title: Antibodies Directed against Shiga-Toxin Producing XXXX Serotype O103 Type III Secreted Proteins Block Adherence of Heterologous STEC Serotypes to HEp-2 Cells.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic colitis']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome', 'HUS']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hyperbaric @entity26 therapy (HBO) has promise as a treatment for @entity64 . This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and feasibility of using HBO in acute @entity385 . METHODS: We conducted a randomized, prospective, double-blind, sham-controlled pilot study of 33 @entity1 presenting with acute @entity385 who did not receive thrombolytics over a 24-month period. @entity1 were randomized to treatment for 60 minutes in a monoplace hyperbaric chamber pressurized with 100% O2 to 2.5-atm absolute (ATA) in the HBO group or 1.14 ATA in the sham group. Primary outcomes measured included percentage of @entity1 with improvement at 24 hours (National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale [NIHSS]) and 90 days (NIHSS, Barthel Index, modified Rankin Scale, Glasgow Outcome Scale). Secondary measurements included complications of treatment and mortality at 90 days. RESULTS: Baseline demographics were similar in both groups. There were no differences between the groups at 24 hours (P=0.44). At 3 months, however, a larger percentage of the sham @entity1 had a good outcome defined by their @entity64 scores compared with the HBO group (NIHSS, 80% versus 31.3%; P=0.04; Barthel Index, 81.8% versus 50%; P=0.12; modified Rankin Scale, 81.8% versus 31.3%; P=0.02; Glasgow Outcome Scale, 90.9% versus 37.5%; P=0.01) with loss of statistical significance in a intent-to-treat analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Although our HBO protocol appears feasible and safe, it does not appear to be beneficial and may be harmful in @entity1 with acute @entity385 .

title: Hyperbaric @entity26 therapy in acute XXXX : results of the Hyperbaric @entity26 in Acute @entity385 Trial Pilot Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: AIMS: To determine the prevalence of @entity989 and its associations in @entity1 diagnosed clinically with @entity164 2 @entity6 and serum antibodies to @entity367 decarboxylase (GADA) from a community-based sample. METHODS: In a case-control design, 24 GADA-positive @entity164 2 @entity1 from the Fremantle @entity6 Study (FDS) cohort were recruited and matched as closely as possible for age, sex and @entity6 duration with 72 GADA-negative @entity164 2 @entity1 from the FDS. Each @entity1 had a detailed clinical and biochemical assessment including slit lamp biomicroscopy and colour fundus photography with Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of @entity6 (WESDR) grading. RESULTS: The GADA-positive @entity1 had a significantly higher HbA1c (median (interquartile range); 8.4 (7.3, 9.6)%) than those who were GADA-negative (7.2 (6.5, 8.1)%: P = 0.002). The overall prevalence of @entity989 amongst the 96 subjects was 26.0%. The majority (92%) of the @entity989 detected was mild and non-proliferative. GADA-positive @entity1 had double the @entity989 prevalence of the GADA-negative group (41.7% vs. 20.8%; P = 0.044). In a logistic regression model, @entity6 duration, HbA1c, systolic blood pressure and current smoking were each significantly and independently predictive of @entity989 (P < 0.025), but GADA status was not. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that GADA-positive @entity1 have an increased prevalence of @entity989 compared with GADA-negative controls with @entity164 2 @entity6 from an urban Australian community. This increased prevalence is due mainly to relatively poor glycaemic control in the GADA-positive group.

title: @entity989 in latent autoimmune @entity6 of adults: the Fremantle XXXX Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'Diabetic Retinopathy', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: The number of incidentally discovered @entity774 is growing due to the increased use of modern high-resolution imaging techniques. However, the characterization and differentiation of benign and malignant adrenal lesions is challenging. This study aimed to evaluate contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the characterization of @entity774 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 58 @entity1 with @entity774 detected with computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or ultrasound. 7 @entity1 had bilateral adrenal lesions. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound was performed using high-resolution ultrasound (3.5 - 7 MHz) and intravenous injection of 2.4 ml SonoVue. The contrast enhancement pattern of all adrenal lesions was documented. RESULTS: The 18 @entity5 were significantly larger at the time of diagnosis compared to the 40 benign lesions (p < 0.03). The majority of benign adrenal lesions (37 / 40) had a nonspecific type of contrast enhancement (24 / 40) or a peripheral to central contrast filling (13 / 40) described as the iris phenomenon. Similar findings were observed in @entity5 : most malignant lesions also showed nonspecific (6 / 18) or peripheral to central contrast filling (9 / 18). Peripheral to central contrast filling had 50 % sensitivity (26 - 74 %) and 68 % specificity (51 - 81 %) for indicating @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound facilitates the visualization of vascularization even in small @entity774 , but it does not help to distinguish @entity5 .

title: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for imaging of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant adrenal tumors', 'malignant and benign lesions', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal masses']

answer: @entity774 :: (MESH:D000312,Disease) :: ['adrenal masses']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of soluble @entity117 900 mg and @entity1443 1,000 mg in @entity1 with @entity282 after third molar surgery. DESIGN: A randomised, placebo controlled, double-blind study. SETTING: Day stay units of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Cardiff Dental Hospital and Hexham General Hospital, Northumberland. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred and sixty-seven (104 female) @entity1 who required the removal of their impacted third molars under general anaesthesia. INTERVENTION: In the early postoperative period, @entity1 were medicated with either a single dose of soluble @entity117 900 mg, solid @entity1443 1,000 mg or placebo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity158 intensity was measured on 100 mm visual analogue scales at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 and 240 minutes after dosing. Other efficacy variables evaluated included time to rescue medication and an overall assessment of the study medication efficacy by the @entity1 on completion of the study. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-seven @entity1 consented to take part in the study, but only 153 were medicated. Of the 14 @entity1 not treated, 10 failed to develop sufficient @entity158 to enter the study, two withdrew consent, one had an adverse reaction to the general anaesthetic and one was a protocol violator. Over the four hour investigation period, @entity1 treated with soluble @entity117 reported significantly less @entity158 when compared with those treated with @entity1443 (mean difference in AUC(0-240) = -2001, 95% CI -3893 to -109, p=0.038) and placebo (mean difference in AUC(0-240) = -3470, 95% CI -5719 to -1221, p=0.003). Similarly, at 20 and 30 minutes after dosing, @entity1 in the soluble @entity117 group were reporting significantly less @entity158 than those in the @entity1443 treatment group (mean difference in @entity158 intensity: at 20 minutes -7.9, 95% CI -15.3 to -0.6, p=0.035; at 30 minutes -10.6, 95% CI -18.6 to -2.6, p=0.010). There were no significant differences between treatment groups with respect to the number of @entity1 requiring rescue medication, however the time to dosing was significantly longer for those taking soluble @entity117 when compared with placebo (hazard ratio 2.34, 95% CI 1.41 to 3.88, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The findings from this study showed that soluble @entity117 900 mg provides significant and more rapid analgesia than @entity1443 1,000 mg in the early postoperative period after third molar surgery.

title: An investigation into the comparative efficacy of soluble @entity117 and solid XXXX in @entity282 after third molar surgery.

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['paracetamol']


abstract: @entity1255 is an independent risk factor for @entity731 . It impairs endothelial function via increasing @entity224 production and quenching @entity842 (NO) release. @entity8083 ( @entity8084 ) is a critical cofactor that couples @entity842 synthase and facilitates the production of @entity842 (vs. @entity224 anions). In the first study, the effects of @entity3562 (0.1 mM, 3 h) on endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation to @entity1617 and @entity3365 were examined in isolated segments of @entity35 aortae in the presence or absence of @entity8084 (0.1 mM). In the second study, the effects of @entity3562 (24 h) on @entity842 production and @entity224 release (using lucigenin chemiluminescence) were studied in @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells in the absence or presence of @entity8084 (10 microM). @entity1255 incubation @entity73 and -independent endothelial function to @entity1617 and @entity3365 . This effect was attenuated by @entity8084 . Furthermore, @entity1255 exposure increased @entity224 production and impaired agonist-stimulated @entity842 release. These effects were attenuated by @entity8084 (p < 0.05). @entity3562 impairs endothelial function, in part due to a diminished bioavailability of @entity8084 with resultant uncoupling of @entity842 synthase. @entity8084 may represent an important target for strategies aimed at improving @entity409 secondary to @entity3562 .

title: @entity8083 attenuates @entity1255 induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8083 :: ('MESH:C003402', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetrahydrobiopterin']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine', 'Homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired receptor-dependent']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperhomocysteinemia', 'hyperhomocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['endothelial dysfunction']


abstract: Exposure of @entity840 to the elevated plus maze (X-maze), an animal model of @entity148 , causes an increase of extracellular @entity750 ( @entity750 ) in the lateral prefrontal cortex monitored by microdialysis. The neuropeptide @entity8586 ( @entity49446 ) plays a role in the modulation of @entity148 . To compare the roles of @entity49446 receptors, the effects of the @entity49446 -A receptor agonist @entity64249 , the @entity64250 agonist @entity49446 -8S and the @entity49446 -B receptor agonist @entity54306 - @entity49446 -4 on @entity148 -related behavior and the @entity750 release in the prefrontal cortex were determined. None of the drugs changed the behavior of the @entity840 and the cortical @entity750 release under resting conditions in the familiar home cage. @entity64249 and @entity49446 -8S had no effect on the behavior on exposure to the X-maze whereas BOC- @entity49446 -4 induced an 'anxious' behavior. The results suggest that 'anxious' behavior induced by @entity49446 is associated with selective @entity49446 -B receptor stimulation. @entity64249 inhibited the rise in @entity750 on exposure to the X-maze. @entity49446 -8S had no effect and the anxiogenic BOC- @entity49446 -4 potentiated the rise in @entity750 on the X-maze. Both @entity49446 receptors mediate changes in @entity750 release under aversive conditions, but not in a resting state. The results suggest a receptor subtype-specific influence of @entity49446 on behavior and @entity750 activity under aversive conditions.

title: Effects of @entity8586 -receptor agonists on cortical @entity750 release in XXXX on the X-maze.

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between @entity2333 and all-cause mortality in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) is uncertain, and @entity2333 has not yet been incorporated into risk prediction tools. METHODS: During 2007 to 2012, we measured carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ; SphygmoCor apparatus) 8 weeks after transplantation. The association between @entity122 and mortality was assessed in a Cox regression analysis adjusting for seven risk factors from a previously validated model. Internal validation was performed by bootstrap resampling, and discrimination and overfitting evaluated by Harrell's C and the calibration slope. RESULTS: Of 1497 KTRs, 1040 (69%) had a valid @entity122 measurement. During a median follow-up of 4.2 years, 82 @entity1 died. The association between @entity122 and mortality showed a ceiling effect, and @entity122 was truncated at 12 m/sec. Each 1 m/sec increase in @entity122 , up to 12 m/sec, was associated with mortality, hazard ratio (HR) 1.36 (95% CI, 1.14-1.62; P = 0.001). An interquartile range increase (3.8 m/sec) tripled the hazard of mortality, HR, 3.21 (95% CI, 1.63-6.31), similar to the effect of being approximately 20 years older (interquartile range increase (21.6 years); HR, 3.06 [95% CI, 1.87-5.29]). The @entity122 improved model discrimination with an increase in Harrell's C from 0.76 to 0.78; C difference, 0.024 (95% CI, 0.005-0.043; P = 0.01). Overfitting was moderate with a calibration slope of 0.89, and the final model was adjusted accordingly. A spreadsheet version is presented to estimate expected 5-year survival. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity122 is a strong risk factor for mortality in KTRs.

title: XXXX in a Mortality Risk Calculator for Kidney Transplant Recipients.

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stiffness']

answer: @entity2333 :: (MESH:D001018,Disease) :: ['Aortic Stiffness']


abstract: Chemotherapy alters the structure and function of hair follicle melanocytes. Molecular mechanisms controlling melanocyte responses during chemotherapy-induced hair loss, however, remain largely unknown. Using immunohistology and multicolor confocal microscopy, we show here that @entity786 administration to C57BL/6 @entity19 alters the activity and fate of hair follicle melanocytes. After 24-48 h, hair bulb melanocytes expressing Fas undergo apoptosis. The number of apoptotic follicular melanocytes is significantly reduced (p<0.01) in @entity786 -treated Fas knockout @entity19 compared to wild-type controls, suggesting that Fas signaling contributes to chemotherapy-induced @entity204 . After 3-5 d, surviving hair bulb melanocytes express @entity17777 receptor, proliferate, and appear to migrate up the outer root sheath. Tyrosinase-positive and melanogenically active cells then appear in the epidermis. By Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, expression levels of the @entity10898 , @entity10898 , in skin and epidermis are strongly increased after @entity786 treatment. @entity786 -induced migration of the hair follicle melanocytes into epidermis is completely abrogated by administration of @entity17777 neutralizing antibody. These data suggest that chemotherapy induces a complex response in the hair follicle melanocytes, which includes apoptosis, proliferation, and migration. Pharmacologic manipulation of Fas and @entity17777 signaling pathways might be useful for the correction of @entity272 as a side-effect of chemotherapy.

title: Fas and XXXX are involved in the control of hair follicle melanocyte apoptosis and migration in chemotherapy-induced hair loss.

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['melanocyte death']

answer: @entity17777 :: (16590(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['c-kit']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Malnutrition is a major public health problem especially in the developing countries. The objective of the study was to compare WHO/UNICEF recommended therapeutic food with home based therapeutic food in the management of severe acute @entity3147 . It was a randomized controlled trial at tertiary care level hospital with nutritional rehabilitation centre. @entity1 (6 month to 5 years) having severe acute @entity3147 were included in the study. Group A (n=74 @entity1 ) was given WHO recommended therapeutic food and group B (n=75 @entity1 ) was given home based therapeutic food. The mean rate of @entity1017 , gain in height and increase in mid-upper arm circumference were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the group received home based therapeutic food. Mean duration to achieve target weight was 21.44  3.33 days in group A and 16.28  2.11 days in group B (p<o.ooo1). Group B @entity1 had higher rate of increase in urinary @entity1011 (p<0.0001). Affordability (p<0.0001), Feasibility (p=0.027) and Average frequency of feeding per day (p<0.0001) was found significantly higher in group B. Difficulty in making therapeutic food was significantly low in group B (p<0.05). Both kinds of therapeutic food were effective for the management of severe acute @entity3147 , but the home based therapeutic food was found to be more effective. This could be explained by better acceptability in terms of better palatability, more affordability, increased frequency of feeding, and having less difficulty in making.

title: WHO/UNICEF recommended therapeutic food versus home based therapeutic food in the management of severe acute XXXX : A randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: @entity439 of the cerebral arteries was found in 11 @entity1 during a 20-year period. The 7 males and 4 females ranged in age from 9 to 68 years (mean: 49 years). The supraclinoid segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the @entity25089 segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequently involved arteries. @entity439 were identified in 3 @entity1 . Compression of adjacent intracranial structures was the usual cause of symptoms, and only 2 @entity1 experienced @entity510 . One @entity1 presented with transient @entity63 attacks. Computed tomography, with and without Hypaque infusion, clearly demonstrated the @entity439 in the 6 of 7 @entity1 studied. @entity715 was invariably seen in the lumen of the @entity439 . Cerebral angiography in 11 @entity1 displayed marked dilatation and elongation of the involved artery. The dilatation frequently extended into connecting arteries. Surgical treatment was carried out in 6 @entity1 , including 2 with @entity439 entrapment and decompression, 2 with proximal ICA ligation, 1 with wrapping and 1 with wrapping and superficial temporal artery (STA) to @entity9623 @entity254 . @entity204 occurred in 2 @entity1 not treated surgically.

title: XXXX of the cerebral arteries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple aneurysms', 'aneurysms', 'Giant fusiform aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombus']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Giant fusiform aneurysm']


abstract: Little substantive data is available in the literature on the long-term clinical and radiological results of Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation (CDI) for the treatment of @entity1615 . We therefore retrospectively investigated the long-term clinical and radiographic outcome of @entity1 who underwent (CDI) for @entity1514 @entity1615 . 54 consecutive @entity1 (45 females, 9 males) who underwent CDI for @entity1514 @entity1615 with an average age of 14 years (range 10-21 years) at surgery were included in this series. There were 18 King Type II, 19 Type III, 5 Type IV, 3 Type V and 9 double major curves. The average coronal Cobb angle of the primary thoracic curve preoperatively, postoperatively and at latest follow-up was 55 degrees, 17 degrees and 22 degrees, respectively. The lumbar curve (secondary and double major) averaged 40 degrees, 21 degrees and 23 degrees, respectively. Coronal balance (deviation from the central sacral line) was slightly improved from 13 mm to 11 mm. The average shoulder elevation increased from 3 degrees to 5 degrees, presumably as a result of the rod derotation maneuver. @entity1513 (20 degrees to 22 degrees) and lumbar @entity1515 (49 degrees to 54 degrees) was preserved or even improved by the instrumentation. All @entity1 were doing well and had no complaints with regard to a substantial limitation of professional or sports activity. There were no apparent non-unions, @entity16 . CDI of adolescent @entity1514 @entity2112 provides encouraging clinical and radiographic results at an average follow-up of 9 years (2 to 16 years). Overall @entity1 satisfaction, functional status and subjective cosmetic improvement is high.

title: Long-term clinical and radiographic results of Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation of @entity1514 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['infections or neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['right thoracic']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

answer: @entity1615 :: (OMIM:181800,Disease) :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The evaluation of pulmonary physiological measurements in laboratory animals is an essential tool in many biomedical and toxicological research areas. Recently, an unrestrained single chambered whole-body plethysmograph that utilizes a barometric analysis technique to quantify pulmonary physiological values has gained widespread use. However, results generated with the single chamber plethysmograph have come under increased scrutiny because airflow in the lung is indirectly measured. The purpose of the present study was to use @entity19 with known interstrain differences in pulmonary physiology (A/J, BALB/c, @entity2659 , and B6C3F1) and compare the physiological data generated with a single chamber plethysmograph to data obtained in the widely accepted double chamber noninvasive airway mechanics (NAM) plethysmograph in which the animals are restrained. METHODS: Animals were placed into the plethysmographs and baseline physiological data acquired. The @entity19 were then subjected to challenge with aerosols generated from isotonic saline (control) and @entity2710 solutions of increasing concentration (2.5-320 mg/ml) for 3 min for determination of the concentration of @entity2710 that induced a 200% increase in airway resistance (PC(200)R). RESULTS: Repeated physiological measurements on the same animals in both the single and double chamber plethysmographs demonstrated that each instrument generated reproducible baseline physiological data. However, comparison of physiological data generated with the double-chambered instrument to that generated with the single chamber plethysmograph revealed several significant differences. While the single chamber plethysmograph appeared to give inaccurate measurements of tidal volume, it provided much better analysis of airway reactivity based on PC(200)R results. In contrast, the double chamber plethysmograph provided accurate physiological data such as tidal volume and respiratory rate, but provided inaccurate and irreproducible airway reactivity results based on PC(200)R. DISCUSSION: Our results indicate that the choice of single or double chamber plethysmograph for physiological measurements should be linked to the study objectives and the type of data required.

title: Pulmonary function assessment by whole-body plethysmography in restrained versus unrestrained XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity12740 ( @entity12740 ) is a @entity74 allelic to @entity590 ( @entity590 ) caused by mutations in the @entity13868 gene on chromosome 19q13.1. Eleven individuals with @entity13868 mutations are described. Four index cases showed features consistent with a @entity121 ( @entity2421 , delayed motor milestones, and @entity853 including @entity3946 and @entity1635 ). All four cases and subsequently seven other family members were found to possess novel mutations in the @entity13868 gene. The degree of disability varied from one clinically normal individual, to another who had never achieved independent ambulation (the only @entity1 with a de novo mutation). Four cases showed a mild reduction in vital capacity, repeated nocturnal polysomnography showed hypoxaemia in one case. A variety of muscle biopsy features were found; central cores were absent in the youngest case, and the biopsy specimens from two others were more suggestive of mini-core @entity121 . In all cases missense mutations in exons 101, 102, and 103 of the @entity13868 gene on were found. Future laboratory diagnosis of suspected cases and family members will be less invasive and more accurate with DNA analysis. Clinicians, especially paediatricians and orthopaedic surgeons, should be aware of this disorder because of the potential risk of @entity590 .

title: XXXX : clinical, pathological, and genetic features.

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy', 'congenital myopathy']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3946 :: ('MESH:D006618', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hip dislocation']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['dominantly inherited congenital myopathy']

entities_list: @entity12740 :: ('MESH:D020512', 'Disease') :: ['CCD', 'Central core disease']

entities_list: @entity590 :: ('MESH:D008305', 'Disease') :: ['MH', 'malignant hyperthermia']

answer: @entity12740 :: (MESH:D020512,Disease) :: ['Central core disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The rarity of early @entity7087 ( @entity7087 ) makes randomised controlled trials very difficult. We aimed to use an observational approach to compare effectiveness of currently used treatment approaches. METHODS: This was a prospective, observational cohort study of early @entity7087 (within three years of onset of skin thickening). Clinicians selected one of four protocols for each @entity1 : @entity1499 , @entity618 ( @entity2098 ), @entity786 or 'no immunosuppressant'. @entity1 were assessed three-monthly for up to 24   months. The primary outcome was the change in modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS). Confounding by indication at baseline was accounted for using inverse probability of treatment (IPT) weights. As a secondary outcome, an IPT-weighted Cox model was used to test for differences in survival. RESULTS: Of 326 @entity1 recruited from 50 centres, 65 were prescribed @entity1499 , 118 @entity2098 , 87 @entity786 and 56 no immunosuppressant. 276 (84.7%) @entity1 completed 12 and 234 (71.7%) 24   months follow-up (or reached last visit date). There were statistically significant reductions in mRSS at 12   months in all groups: -4.0 (-5.2 to -2.7) units for @entity1499 , -4.1 (-5.3 to -2.9) for @entity2098 , -3.3 (-4.9 to -1.7) for @entity786 and -2.2 (-4.0 to -0.3) for no immunosuppressant (p value for between-group differences=0.346). There were no statistically significant differences in survival between protocols before (p=0.389) or after weighting (p=0.440), but survival was poorest in the no immunosuppressant group (84.0%) at 24   months. CONCLUSIONS: These findings may support using immunosuppressants for early @entity7087 but suggest that overall benefit is modest over 12   months and that better treatments are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02339441.

title: Treatment outcome in early XXXX : the European Scleroderma Observational Study (ESOS).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity7087 :: ('MESH:D045743', 'Disease') :: ['dcSSc', 'diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity7087 :: (MESH:D045743,Disease) :: ['diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND:     Neuronal communication within the myenteric plexus occurs when action potentials along nerve fibers produce @entity141 transients in varicosities leading to exocytosis of @entity5222 and neurotransmitters release. We used @entity141 transients in varicosities to monitor action potential activity in myenteric nerve pathways both between and during the colonic migrating motor complex (CMMC) in the isolated @entity19 colon. METHODS:     Strips of longitudinal muscle were removed to reveal the @entity21 , which were then loaded with @entity20048 . KEY RESULTS:     Many varicosities, including @entity67139 labeled varicosities, exhibited ongoing @entity141 transients (duration of unitary @entity141 transient 3.9 s). Between CMMCs, varicosities fired at a frequency of 0.6 Hz, which correlated with spontaneous inhibitory junction potentials in the circular muscle, suggesting they were mainly in inhibitory nerve pathways. During a CMMC other previously quiescent varicosities fired at 1.3 Hz (max. 2.0 Hz) for the duration (24 s) of the CMMC, suggesting they were on excitatory nerve pathways. Activity in varicosities was correlated with @entity141 transient responses in a number of neurons. Some varicosities appeared to release an inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduced activity in nNOS-positive neurons. Varicosities along the same nerve fiber exhibited identical patterns of activity that allowed nerve fibers to be traced throughout the myenteric plexus and internodal strands. Activity in varicosities was reduced by @entity4033 (100  mol L(-1) ), and blocked by   -conotoxin GVIA (200 nM) and @entity1022 (1  mol L(-1) ; @entity4524 ). CONCLUSIONS _ INFERENCES:     @entity141 imaging of varicosities allows for a determination of activity in neural pathways within the enteric nervous system.

title: Activity in varicosities within the myenteric plexus between and during the colonic migrating motor complex in the isolated XXXX large intestine.

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['myenteric ganglia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: @entity1284 ( @entity1284 ) has been associated with an increased risk for adverse outcomes in @entity3124 @entity1 . Information on the impact of @entity1284 on mortality in a general population of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is limited. We aimed to determine the association of early @entity1284 with the development of @entity810 ( @entity810 ) and mortality during PICU stay and evaluate whether early @entity1284 predicts mortality, even after adjustment for illness severity assessed by pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM) III. This prospective study enrolled 370 @entity3124 @entity1 . The early @entity1284 was calculated based on the first 24-h total of fluid intake and output after admission and defined as cumulative fluid accumulation >= 5% of admission body weight. Of the @entity1 , 64 (17.3 %) developed early @entity1284 during the first 24 h after admission. The PICU mortality rate of the whole cohort was 18 of 370 (4.9%). The independent factors significantly associated with early @entity1284 were PRISM III, age, @entity810 , and blood bicarbonate level. The early @entity1284 was associated with @entity810 (odds ratio [OR]   =   1.34, p   <   0.001) and mortality (OR   =   1.36, p   <   0.001). The association of early @entity1284 with mortality remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders including @entity810 and illness severity. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of early @entity1284 for predicting mortality was 0.78 (p   <   0.001). This result, however, was not better than PRISM III (AUC   =   0.85, p   <   0.001). CONCLUSION: Early @entity1284 was associated with increased risk for @entity810 and mortality in @entity3124 @entity1 . WHAT IS KNOWN: @entity1284 is associated with an increased risk for adverse outcomes in specific clinical settings of pediatric population. What is New: Early fluid overload during the first 24 h after PICU admission is independently associated with increased risk for @entity810 and mortality in @entity3124 @entity1 .

title: Early fluid overload is associated with @entity810 and PICU mortality in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['FO', 'Fluid overload']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critically ill']


abstract: The paper presents three @entity1 of various ages with @entity5 of different histology localized in the retroperitoneum. The @entity1 underwent investigation as orthopedic cases at the Orthopedic Department of the Belgrade University Childrens' Hospital. All @entity1 had orthopedic symptoms and several similar clinical findings: high or increased red blood cell (RBC) sedimentation, increased @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) and @entity417 . Retroperitoneal @entity5 were diagnosed by echosonography. Further investigations were targeted towards histological verification and treatment protocol for @entity5 . Since the @entity1 were presented chronologically to the deparmtent, diagnosis was reached more rapidly. It is our aim to draw attention to the possibility that various @entity5 can be presented as @entity66 . If symptomatology of @entity5 is suspected and particularly in insufficiently clear cases, one should always perform echsonography of the retroperitoneum as a non-agressive, simple, readily available and reliable diagnostic method. This reduces examination time, direction of @entity1 to further treatment according to pathology and also in reduction of risk both for @entity1 and orthopedic surgeon who normally are presented with such diseases (Fig. 2, Ref. 10). Full Text (Free, PDF) www.bmj.sk.

title: Orthopaedic patterns of XXXX in pediatric population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['hypochromic anemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['orthopedic diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal tumors', 'retroperitoneal tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['retroperitoneal tumors']