abstract: Diminished suppression of the @entity2451 component of the evoked potential following repeated auditory stimuli is one example of a @entity51 in @entity161 . Normal subjects suppress the @entity2451 evoked potential to the second of two paired auditory stimuli. Although normal @entity2451 suppression is occasionally observed in @entity161 @entity1 , it generally disappears with subsequent testing. The object of this experiment was to determine conditions for the reproducible normalization of @entity2451 suppression in @entity161 @entity1 . After baseline recordings, 12 @entity161 subjects were allowed to sleep for 10 minutes. The depth of sleep obtained was assessed by electroencephalography (EEG). Normalization of @entity2451 suppression was observed for approximately 3 minutes in all subjects who entered slow wave sleep, but not in those whose EEG records remained desynchronized. Some change was even observed in subjects who had only persistent alpha waves. The amount of normalization was correlated with the deepest stage of sleep reached. Normal control subjects did not show this phenomenon but instead had a transient decrease in sensory gating after waking from sleep. The results suggest that @entity161 @entity1 may have a defect that causes a neuronal mechanism critical to sensory gating to fail after brief use, although its activity can be transiently restored by a short period of inactivity. A rapidly desensitized neurotransmitter receptor is one possible mechanism of such an effect.

title: Normalization of auditory sensory gating in @entity161 XXXX after a brief period for sleep.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficit in elementary sensory processing']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of medical therapy during watchful waiting in @entity1 with distal ureter stones. METHODS: Ninety-six @entity1 with radiopaque stones located in the distal tract of the ureter and with stone sizes of 1 cm or smaller were involved in the study. The @entity1 were randomly divided into two groups. Group A (n = 48) received oral treatment with 30 mg of deflazacort daily (maximum 10 days) plus 30 mg of slow-release @entity594 daily (maximum 4 weeks). Group B (n = 48) underwent a wait-and-watch approach. Both groups of @entity1 were allowed to use @entity3522 on demand. Statistical analyses were carried out using Student's t test, the chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: The average stone size was 5.8 +/- 1.8 mm for group A and 5. 5 +/- 1.4 mm for group B. No statistically significant difference was found in stone size. Stone expulsion was observed in 38 (79%) of 48 @entity1 in group A and in 17 (35%) of 48 @entity1 in group B. The average expulsion time was 7 days (range 2 to 10) for group A and 20 days (range 10 to 28) for group B. A statistically significant difference was observed in both the expulsion rate and the expulsion time (P <0.05). The mean amount of @entity3522 used was 15 mg per @entity1 for group A and 105 mg per @entity1 for group B (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The medical treatment proved to be effective and safe, as demonstrated by the increased stone expulsion rate, decreased expulsion time, and reduced need for analgesic therapy.

title: Effectiveness of XXXX and deflazacort in the management of distal ureter stones.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac', 'sodium diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity594 :: (MESH:D009543,Chemical) :: ['nifedipine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate response and survival after hepatic chemoembolization with @entity900 , @entity632 , @entity1138 , @entity4831 , and @entity4832 in a U.S. population of @entity1 with @entity157 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight consecutive @entity1 were treated: 35% stage I, 62% stage II, 3% stage III. Fifty-one percent had @entity82 . Chemoembolization was performed at approximately monthly intervals for one to seven sessions (mean, 2.2). Pretreatment and posttreatment cross-sectional imaging and @entity160 ( @entity160 ) levels were obtained prospectively 1 month after treatment and then every 3 months. Thirty-day response was calculated by means of the the World Health Organization/Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group criteria. RESULTS: One @entity1 was lost to follow-up. In seven @entity1 , lesions became resectable after chemoembolization. Among 13 evaluable @entity1 with initially elevated @entity160 level, 70% had a partial biologic response (>50% decrease in @entity160 ), 15% had a minor response (25-50% decrease), and the remaining 15% remained stable. Among 25 @entity1 evaluable for morphologic response, 36% had a partial response, 32% had a minor response, and 32% remained stable. No @entity1 had @entity74 while receiving therapy. The cumulative survival was 60% at 1 year, 41% at 2 years, and 16% at 3 years. Two @entity1 developed progressive @entity1578 . Thirty-day mortality was 3% (one @entity1 ). CONCLUSION: These results compare favorably to published response and survival data for chemoembolization of advanced @entity157 from Asia and Europe.

title: @entity157 with @entity900 , @entity632 , @entity1138 , XXXX , and @entity4832 : prospective evaluation of response and survival in a U.S. population.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin-C']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity4831 :: ('MESH:D004998', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethiodol']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progression of disease']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity4831 :: (MESH:D004998,Chemical) :: ['ethiodol']


abstract: The evaluation of blunt @entity1661 (BAT) can be difficult because of the subtle manifestations of the injuries and because assessment is hampered by altered neurologic status. Short of laparotomy, CT and diagnostic peritoneal lavage provided the best means of accurately diagnosing @entity3511 . Ultrasound (US) has recently been introduced into @entity130 centers in the United States as a quick, cheap, and safe method to make the diagnosis of BAT. After theoretical and practical training, one attending surgeon and one chief resident began performing @entity130 ultrasounds at a rural, Level 1 @entity130 center. The US was performed concurrent with initial resuscitation and prior to other studies. The US was then correlated with the other tests. Of the 82 tests performed, 79 correlated with other methods of diagnosis. Overall, US was 88 per cent sensitive, 98 per cent specific, and 96 per cent accurate in diagnosing intra-abdominal injuries. There were no operative sequelae to @entity1 whose injury was missed by US. We conclude that: 1) US can be used as the initial method of diagnosis of BAT and 2) surgeons are able to perform the examination accurately.

title: The role of ultrasonography in blunt XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal injury']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['abdominal trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The management of @entity1 with symptomatic @entity5 not amenable to curative treatment may be challenging. The aim of this phase 2 study was to evaluate the efficacy of short-course radiation therapy in @entity1 with obstructing @entity5 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1 who were not candidates for surgical resection because of synchronous metastases, age, and/or comorbidities were considered eligible. The sample size was calculated based on the 2-stage design of Simon. Short-course radiation therapy was delivered with an isocentric 4-field box technique (total, 25  Gy; 5 fractions in 5  days). Chemotherapy was suspended during radiation treatment. Clinical outcome measures were symptomatic response rate, @entity137 , colostomy-free survival, and overall survival. RESULTS: From October 2003 to November 2012, 18 @entity1 (median age, 77.5  years) were enrolled. The median follow-up was 11.5  months (range, 3-36  months). Four weeks after treatment, a complete response (ie, complete symptom resolution) was observed in 38.9% of @entity1 and a partial response in 50.0% cases, whereas 11.1% had no response.  The rates of reduction or resolution of @entity158 and @entity548 were 87.5% and 100%, respectively. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year colostomy-free survival rates were 100%, 71.4%, and 47.6%, respectively (median, 30  months). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year cumulative overall survival rates were 85.2%, 53%, and 39.8%, respectively (median, 25  months). No @entity1 stopped treatment because of @entity344 : 38.9% of @entity1 had grade 1 to 2 @entity137 , and 16.7% had grade 3 @entity137 . Only 1 @entity1 had hematologic grade 2 @entity137 , and 2 @entity1 had grade 2 @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: Short-course radiation therapy may represent a safe and effective alternative treatment option in @entity1 with obstructing @entity5 not eligible for curative treatment, allowing colostomy to be avoided in a substantial proportion of @entity1 .

title: Palliative Short-Course Radiation Therapy in  XXXX : A Phase 2 Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'skin toxicity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal or genitourinary toxicities']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Rectal Cancer']


abstract: The two @entity5 @entity39 factor (TNF) receptors can undergo proteolytic cleavage to form soluble receptors, @entity10736 -BP and @entity10733 -BP, that can neutralize TNF. The aim was to study the release of soluble TNF receptor forms during monocyte-endothelial cell interaction. Monocytic THP-1 cells were used, and their release of @entity10733 -BP was determined. Contact between THP-1 cells and confluent endothelial cells induced fourfold higher release of @entity10733 -BP from the THP-1 cells than with these cells in suspension. The release was further increased up to eightfold after prestimulation of the endothelial cells with @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ). Prestimulation for 10 min gave maximal release of @entity10733 -BP from the attached THP-1 cells. @entity1356 by itself did not induce shedding of soluble TNF receptors in THP-1 cells. Blocking antibodies against the endothelial cell adhesion molecules VCAM, ICAM, and @entity4105 did not affect the release of @entity10733 -BP from THP-1 cells attached to the endothelium. Conditioned medium from @entity1356 -stimulated endothelial cells increased the production of @entity10733 -BP from THP-1 cells in suspension. However, surface contact between endothelial cells and THP-1 cells was necessary for maximal production of @entity10733 -BP. @entity310 released from endothelial cells on @entity1356 stimulation did not promote shedding of @entity10733 from THP-1 cells. Thus, endothelial cell contact potentiates the production of @entity10733 -BP in a monocyte-like cell line. The shedding of soluble TNF receptors observed in this case seems to be a result of both cell attachment and soluble factors.

title: Endothelial cell contact potentiates release of soluble @entity5 XXXX factor (TNF) receptors from the monocyte-like cell line THP-1.

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1beta', 'IL-1beta']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: Immunization with synthetic amyloid b-protein (Ab) peptide has resulted in preventing and clearing Ab deposits as well as improving cognitive function in transgenic @entity19 models of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). But similar immunization studies in @entity1 were halted due to the risk of inducing T cell-mediated @entity5422 . A safe and effective vaccine for @entity195 requires not only therapeutic levels of anti-Ab antibodies but also the prevention of an adverse T cell-mediated, proinflammatory autoimmune response. In this study, we developed a DNA vaccine, p(Ab(3-10))(10)- @entity58 , encoding ten tandem repeats of Ab(3-10) fused with @entity19 cytokine @entity58 ( @entity58 ) as a molecular adjuvant. Wild-type @entity19 were injected intramuscularly with p(Ab(3-10))(10)- @entity58 followed by in vivo electroporation. The p(Ab(3-10))(10)- @entity58 vaccine elicited high titer anti-Ab antibodies which bound to Ab plaque in brain tissue from a ten-month-old APP/ @entity20933 transgenic mouse. The antibody isotype was mainly @entity9686 and the @entity9686 / @entity9749 ) ratio in the p(Ab(3-10))(10)- @entity58 group was approximately eight times greater than that of the Ab(42) group. Ex vivo cultured splenocytes isolated from @entity19 immunized with p(Ab(3-10))(10)- @entity58 exhibited a low IFN-y response and a high @entity58 response compared with the control group. These results indicate that immunization with the p(Ab(3-10))(10)- @entity58 vaccine induced effective anti-Ab antibodies and elicited a Th2-polarized immune response that had a lower potential to cause an inflammatory T cell response. Thus, the DNA vaccine, p(Ab(3-10))(10)- @entity58 , may be a safe and efficient vaccine for @entity195 .

title: Immunization with a new DNA vaccine for @entity195 elicited Th2 immune response in BALB/c XXXX by in vivo electroporation.

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Majority of @entity64 is due to @entity1188 and occurs in carotid artery territory. The extra cranial parts of carotid arteries are the common sites for the @entity731 formation. Ultrasonography is the first line of investigation for screening of the carotid artery diseases to localize and characterize the plaques. Objective was to study the morphological changes in extra cranial part of carotid arteries in cases of @entity1188 using Ultrasonography. METHODS: It was an institution based prospective study and convenience sampling method was used. Computed Tomography proven @entity1188 and transient @entity1188 cases were included in the study. RESULTS: Fifty four cases were included in the study. Mean of Intimo-medial Complex Thickness was 0.89 mm and 0.88 mm in right and left side respectively. Sixty five percent cases had plaque in extra cranial part of carotid artery. Ninety three percent of plaque was found in and adjacent to the carotid bulb region. Ipsilateral plaque was found in 76% and 65% cases on right and left side respectively. Fifty three percent of cases had soft plaque. Majority of cases had less than 50% narrowing of the lumen diameter in term of cross-sectional area due to plaque. Thirteen (24%) cases had plaque in internal carotid artery. CONCLUSIONS: Carotid ultrasound can be used for screening of the asymptomatic but high-risk cases and following up of the symptomatic cases to plan for necessary management as required.

title: Morphological changes in carotid arteries in XXXX cases.

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic infarction', 'ischemic infarct, lacunar infarction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1663 is a rapid and complete loss of hair in one or several patches, usually on the scalp, affecting both males and females equally. It is thought to be an @entity792 which is treated with different modalities with variable success. Laser treatment of different wavelengths has been used in the management of this problem. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of the pulsed infrared diode laser (904 nm) in the treatment of @entity1665 areata.Methods. Sixteen @entity1 with 34 resistant patches that had not responded to different treatment modalities for @entity1665 areata were enrolled in this study. In @entity1 with multiple patches, one patch was left as a control for comparison. @entity1 were treated on a four-session basis, once a week, with a pulsed diode laser (904 nm) at a pulse rate of 40/s. A photograph was taken of each @entity1 before and after treatment. RESULTS: The treated @entity1 were 11 males (68.75%) and five females (31.25%). Their ages ranged between 4 and 50 years with a mean of 26.6+/-SD of +/-13.8, and the durations of their disease were between 12 months and 6 years with a mean of 13.43+/-SD of +/-18.34. Regrowth of hair was observed in 32 patches (94%), while only two patches (6%) failed to show any response. No regrowth of hair was observed in the control patches. The regrowth of hair appeared as terminal hair with its original color in 29 patches (90.6%), while three patches (9.4%) appeared as a white villous hair. In @entity1 who showed response, the response was detected as early as 1 week after the first session in 24 patches (75%), while eight @entity1 (25%) started to show response from the second session. CONCLUSION: The pulsed infrared diode laser is an effective mode of therapy with a high success rate for resistant patches of @entity1665 areata.

title: Use of the pulsed infrared diode laser (904 nm) in the treatment of XXXX areata.

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity1663 :: ('MESH:D000506', 'Disease') :: ['Alopecia areata']

answer: @entity1665 :: (MESH:D000505,Disease) :: ['alopecia']


abstract: It is well known that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) act an important role in the invasion, @entity3 and angiogenesis of @entity5 cells. Agents suppressed the MMPs could inhibited the @entity5 cells migration and invasion. Numerous evidences had shown that @entity6108 (the active constituent of the dietary spice turmeric) has potential for the prevention and therapy of @entity5 . @entity6108 can inhibit the formation of @entity5 in animal models of @entity105 and act on a variety of molecular targets involved in @entity5 development. There is however, no available information to address the effects of @entity6108 on migration and invasion of @entity1 @entity2 cells. The anti- @entity5 invasion and migration effects of @entity2 cells induced by @entity6108 were examined. Here, we report that @entity6108 suppressed the migration and invasion of @entity1 @entity1149 cells (A549) in vitro. Our findings suggest that @entity6108 has anti-metastatic potential by decreasing invasiveness of @entity5 cells. Moreover, this action was involved in the @entity50390 , p-ERK signaling pathways resulting in inhibition of @entity5379 in @entity1 @entity2 A549 cells. Overall, the above data shows that the anticancer effect of @entity6108 is also exist for the inhibition of migration and invasion in @entity2 cells.

title: @entity6108 inhibits the migration and invasion of XXXX A549 @entity2 cells through the inhibition of @entity5379 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF).

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity6108 :: ('MESH:D003474', 'Chemical') :: ['Curcumin', 'curcumin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recent studies have suggested that the @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) biopsy is an accurate alternative staging procedure for @entity1 with @entity0 . The goal of this study was to identify a subset of @entity0 @entity1 in whom metastatic disease was confined only to the @entity1600 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From two institutions, we recruited 222 @entity1 with @entity0 for @entity1600 biopsy. A @entity1600 biopsy was performed in each @entity1 , followed by an axillary dissection in 182 @entity1 . Histologic and immunohistochemical cytokeratin stains were used on all SLNs. RESULTS: The @entity1600 was identified in 220 (97. 8%) of the 225 biopsies. Evidence of metastatic @entity0 in the @entity1600 was found in 60 (27.0%) of the 222 @entity1 . Of these @entity1 , 32 (53.3%) had evidence of @entity5 in the @entity1600 only. By multivariate analysis, two factors were found to be significantly associated with a higher likelihood of @entity5 involvement in the non-SLNs: @entity5 size larger than 2.0 cm (P =.0004) and macrometastasis (> 2.0 mm) in the @entity1600 (P =.002). Additional analysis revealed that none (0%; 95% confidence interval, 0% to 18.5%) of the 18 @entity1 with @entity5 < or = 2.0 cm and micrometastasis to the @entity1600 had remaining axillary lymph node involvement. CONCLUSION: The @entity5 size and @entity3 size in the @entity1600 are independent factors in predicting the incidence of @entity5 in the non-SLNs. Therefore, the @entity1600 biopsy alone may be adequate for staging and/or therapy decision making in @entity1 with primary @entity0 < or = 2.0 cm and micrometastasis in the @entity1600 .

title: Sentinel lymph node biopsy with XXXX : can axillary dissection be avoided in some @entity1 with @entity0 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node', 'SLN']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Virtual endoscopy is a technique in which helical-CT and MR data sets are processed by a special software creating a three-dimensional viewing of the inner surface of hollow viscera that simulates the endoscopic view. We report our 2.5-year experience with virtual intraluminal endoscopy (VIE) in the study of the thoracic aorta in @entity1 with @entity1580 and in @entity1 with normal aorta. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From December 1997 to June 2000, CT angiography (CTA) data sets of the thoracic aorta obtained in a series of 43 @entity1 were retrospectively evaluated. Our series included 23 @entity1 with clinical or radiological suspicion of @entity1580 and 20 @entity1 in whom the study of the thoracic aorta was carried out as a necessary completion of an @entity2333 . CTA data sets were processed with a dedicated software (Navigator); the view point and view direction could be set arbitrarily in the vessel, obtaining an intraluminal endoscopic view of the inner surface of the vessel. Multiple views were obtained and visualised consecutively through a cine-loop technique. The entire thoracic aorta was studied. RESULTS: VIE enabled correct visualisation of the intimal flap in all cases of @entity1580 (=23) and of its origin at the level of the ascending aorta in 16 cases (Stanford A) and in the descending aorta in the remaining 7 @entity1 (Stanford B). In the control group (=20) no signs of intimal flap were identified with the VIE. In all @entity1 with @entity1580 false and true lumen were entirely visualised. VIE allowed the understanding of the relation between false lumen and supraaortic vessels that originated from the true lumen in all cases and were found to be dissected in 6 @entity1 . In 16 cases the dissection included thoracic and abdominal aorta. In some cases the endoscopic view was altered by artifacts related to the selected threshold levels and represented by pierced surface and floating shape artifacts. A correlation with axial and multiplanar (MPR) images allowed the correct interpretation of such artifacts. CONCLUSIONS: According to our experience, virtual endoscopy represents a useful tool in the evaluation of the dissection of the thoracic aorta, allowing a better definition of anatomical details. A correlation with axial images and multiplanar views remains compulsory for a better understanding of VIE findings, which is nevertheless significantly influenced by the operator's experience.

title: [CT virtual angioscopy in the study of thoracic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic disease']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['aortic dissection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11755 ( @entity11755 ) has been reported with @entity179 , most frequently in disorders with Lewy body pathology. @entity11755 often precedes the onset of @entity1726 , and a recent prospective study showed that 38% of @entity1 with @entity11755 eventually developed @entity1726 . METHODS: We identified 37 @entity1 with degenerative @entity303 and a history of bursts of vigorous movement of the arms and legs with vocalization during sleep and associated with dream recall. @entity1 with and without two or more signs of @entity304 were compared. Clinical, laboratory, and neuropsychometric features were analyzed, and criteria for the clinical diagnosis of @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ) were applied to all @entity1 . RESULTS: Thirty-four of the 37 @entity1 were male with mean age at onset of 61.5 years for @entity11755 and 68.1 years for @entity73 . @entity11755 commenced before or concurrently with @entity303 in all @entity1 but two. @entity304 (two or more signs) occurred in 54% of the sample (20/37), with a mean age at onset of 69.1 years. Polysomnography (PSG) confirmed @entity11755 in all @entity1 studied. Neuropsychological testing demonstrated impaired perceptual-organizational skills, verbal fluency, and marked constructional @entity1742 in more than one-half the @entity1 . There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of clinical features or in neuropsychological performance between @entity1 with and without @entity304 . Thirty-four @entity1 (92%) met criteria for clinically possible or probable @entity1832 . Three @entity1 were autopsied; all had limbic with or without neocortical @entity1832 . CONCLUSIONS: We report a group of predominantly male @entity1 with a characteristic association of @entity11755 and degenerative @entity303 . The clinical and neuropsychometric features of the groups of @entity1 with and without @entity304 are similar. We hypothesize that the underlying pathology in these @entity1 is @entity1832 .

title: @entity11755 and degenerative @entity303 : an association likely reflecting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonism', 'parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['Lewy bodies', 'dementia with Lewy bodies', 'DLB']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['various neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['REM sleep behavior disorder', 'RBD']

entities_list: @entity1742 :: ('MESH:D001072', 'Disease') :: ['dyspraxia']

answer: @entity1832 :: (MESH:D020961,Disease) :: ['Lewy body disease']


abstract: Serum @entity134 hormones in the peripheral circulation of the clearnose skate, Raja eglanteria, were measured at the time of capture and at various times throughout the year while the animals were maintained as a captive breeding population. These analyses demonstrate interesting correlations between changes in hormone concentrations and annual reproductive events. Animals were sampled once (78 females, 20 males) or multiple times (15 females). For both groups of females, @entity53 was detected throughout the year with significant elevations occurring during October and November when ovarian follicles begin to mature (as determined through necropsy examinations), and January and February when maximum mating activity is observed and egg laying begins. @entity251 and @entity586 concentrations were significantly elevated in females only during January and February. @entity251 elevations were synchronous with longer-term elevations in @entity53 in females sampled either once or repetitively. @entity251 concentrations in males were significantly elevated during times of maximum breeding activity compared to periods of sexual inactivity. Data from females sampled during five stages of the egg laying process, as defined by the position of palpable egg capsules within the reproductive tract, revealed that @entity53 was highest when egg capsules were forming in the nidamental gland (stage 2) or uterus (stage 3); @entity251 and @entity586 were maximal when eggs were in the uterus (stage 3) or cloaca (stage 4); and @entity1420 was significantly elevated immediately after oviposition (stage 5), suggesting a possible role for @entity1420 in the regulation of sequential laying of egg pairs. J. Exp. Zool. 284:575-585, 1999.

title: Alterations in serum XXXX concentrations in the clearnose skate, Raja eglanteria: correlations with season and reproductive status.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: In order to restore bladder function after @entity1566 , a controllable new reflex pathway has been established in @entity35 . It involves a somatic reflex arc with an artificially modified efferent branch which passes the somatic motor impulses to the bladder. This is achieved by intradural microanastomosis of the left L4 ventral root to L6 ventral root, while leaving the L4 dorsal root intact as a starter of micturition. The 'skin-CNS-bladder' reflex pathway is designed to initiate voiding by scratching the skin. After axonal regeneration, 15 of the 24 @entity35 with the new pathway underwent electrophysiological study. Single stimuli (0.3-3 mA, 0.02-0.2 ms duration) to the left L4 nerve resulted in evoked potentials (0.5-1 mV) recorded from the left L6 nerve distal to the @entity254 . The bladder detrusor contraction was very quickly initiated by trains of the stimuli and bladder pressures increased rapidly to levels similar to controls. Neural tracing study with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on six @entity35 with the pathway demonstrated that the somatic motor axons regenerated successfully into the pelvic nerve, and the bladder was reinnervated by the L4 somatic motor neurons. The @entity1494 can also be initiated by electrostimulation of left sciatic nerve as well as scratching the L4 related skin. A new concept may be derived from the skin-CNS-bladder reflex pathway: the impulses delivered from the efferent neurons of a somatic reflex arc can be transferred to initiate responses of an autonomic effector.

title: A possible new reflex pathway for micturition after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder contraction']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Overactivity of the bladder detrusor muscle can result in urinary urgency, frequency, and @entity322 . Antimuscarinic agents are the treatment of choice, as they reduce the contractility of this muscle. @entity2180 (SOL) is a competitive muscarinic-receptor antagonist approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in late 2004 for the treatment of @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ) with symptoms of urge @entity322 , urgency, and urinary frequency. OBJECTIVE: This article reviews the current primary literature concerning the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and tolerability of SOL in the treatment of @entity2182 . METHODS: Pertinent English-language articles were identified through a search of MEDLINE (1966-week 4, 2006), EMBASE (1991-first quarter of 2006), Current Contents/Clinical Medicine (week 10, 2005-week 9, 2006), the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MICROMEDEX Healthcare Series, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-present). The search terms were @entity2182 , @entity322 , @entity2180 , @entity2180 , pharmacokinetics, and cost. RESULTS: SOL is highly lipophilic (50:1 @entity10333 :water distribution at pH 7.0), completely orally bioavailable, and 98% protein bound. It is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 3A isozyme, and approximately 50% of a dose is eliminated renally as parent compound, with 1 active and 3 inactive metabolites. In two 12-week Phase III studies, @entity1 receiving SOL 5 or 10 mg had significant reductions compared with placebo in the numbers of voids (P < or = 0.01), @entity322 episodes (P < or = 0.05), and urgency episodes (P < or = 0.01) per 24 hours; the volume voided per micturition was significantly increased (P < or = 0.01). In a study that compared SOL 5 and 10 mg with @entity2181 extended release 4 mg, both agents were associated with significant reductions in the number of voids per 24 hours (-2.45 and -2.24 episodes, respectively; P = 0.004 for noninferiority). In a study of pooled data from two 12-week studies, @entity1 who received SOL 5 or 10 mg reported significant improvements in a number of quality-of-life domains (P < or = 0.05). In a pooled analysis of 4 studies, the most common adverse effects (occurring in > or =3% of any group) in @entity1 receiving SOL 5 mg (n = 266) and 10 mg (n = 612) were @entity2133 (10.9% and 27.1%, respectively), @entity1142 (5.3% and 12.9%), and @entity227 (4.5% and 4.7%). CONCLUSIONS: In the studies reviewed, SOL was effective in the treatment of @entity2182 with urge @entity322 . Adverse effects included @entity2133 , @entity1142 , and @entity227 . Further studies are needed to determine the efficacy and tolerability of SOL in @entity1 with @entity8 .

title: @entity2180 for the treatment of symptoms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2181 :: ('MESH:C099041', 'Chemical') :: ['tolterodine']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['blurred vision']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic or renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity2180 :: ('MESH:C441209', 'Chemical') :: ['YM905', 'solifenacin', 'Solifenacin succinate']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder', 'OAB']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity2182 :: (MESH:D053201,Disease) :: ['overactive bladder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can reliably quantify perfusion deficit as compared to dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion MRI. METHODS: Thirty-nine @entity1 with acute @entity385 in the anterior circulation territory were recruited. All underwent ASL and DSC MRI perfusion scans within 30 hours after @entity64 onset and 31 @entity1 underwent follow-up MRI scans. ASL cerebral blood flow (CBF) and DSC time to maximum (T(max)) maps were used to calculate the perfusion defects. The ASL CBF lesion volume was compared to the DSC Tmax lesion volume by Pearson's correlation coefficient and likewise the ASL CBF and DSC T(max) lesion volumes were compared to the final @entity1188 sizes respectively. A repeated measures analysis of variance and least significant difference post hoc test was used to compare the mean lesion volumes among ASL CBF, DSC T(max) >4-6 s and final @entity1188 . RESULTS: Mean @entity1 age was 72.6 years. The average time from @entity64 onset to MRI was 13.9 hours. The ASL lesion volume showed significant correlation with the DSC lesion volume for T(max) >4, 5 and 6 s (r = 0.81, 0.82 and 0.80; p<0.001). However, the mean lesion volume of ASL (50.1 ml) was significantly larger than those for T(max) >5 s (29.2 ml, p<0.01) and T(max) >6 s (21.8 ml, p<0.001), while the mean lesion volumes for T(max) >5 or 6 s were close to mean final @entity1188 size. CONCLUSION: Quantitative measurement of ASL perfusion is well correlated with DSC perfusion. However, ASL perfusion may overestimate the perfusion defects and therefore further refinement of the true penumbra threshold and improved ASL technique are necessary before applying ASL in therapeutic trials.

title: Comparison of arterial spin labeling and dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MRI in XXXX with @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Thirty cases formerly diagnosed as @entity1821 (well differentiated @entity1821 ) were reviewed. The basic histologic pattern in all was that of adult fat modified by the presence of cells with enlarged, hyperchromatic nuclei; in most cases there was also a component of myxoid and/or fibrous tissue. The length of follow-up ranged from two to 30 years. Nine of the @entity5 were located in the subcutaneous layer. None of these recurred after excision, not even those which were simply "shelled out," and none metastasized. The term " @entity362 " is proposed for this group. Thirteen were located within or between muscles of the limbs, limb girdles, and head and neck. Nine of these recurred at least one, but there were no @entity3 and no deaths due to @entity5 . These were designated " @entity362 ." The remaining eight originated in the retroperitoneum. Although none of these @entity1 developed @entity3 , five suffered inoperable recurrence and three died as a result of the @entity5 . It is suggested that the term "well differentiated @entity27418 " be retained for cases of this type.

title: XXXX , @entity362 , and well differentiated @entity27418 : a reappraisal of 30 cases formerly classified as well differentiated @entity1821 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['atypical lipoma', 'atypical intramuscular lipoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity27418 :: ('MESH:C538370', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal liposarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcoma', 'Grade I lipogenic liposarcoma']

answer: @entity362 :: (MESH:D008067,Disease) :: ['Atypical lipoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The number of @entity1 suffering from @entity209 is increasing rapidly. @entity209 causes severe pathological changes in various organs, including the liver, and its main phenotype is @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ). @entity1561 has a broad spectrum ranging from simple fatty change to severe @entity1560 with marked @entity82 . Recently, several experimental animal models for @entity1561 have been proposed. However, most were established by rather artificial conditions such as @entity74 . In the present study, we tried to establish a unique animal model mimicking some of the physiopathological features of @entity1561 using high- @entity165 -fed @entity95 . METHODS: Male @entity95 fed with standard @entity95 food containing 1% @entity165 for 8 weeks and 12 weeks were compared to controls (six @entity95 /group). The weight of food was strictly restricted to 100 g/ @entity95 per day. RESULTS: Body weights and fasting plasma insulin levels showed no significant differences among the groups. In contrast, characteristic fine @entity82 was extended from perivenular to pericellular areas, and microvesicular @entity1560 was observed in perivenular areas in livers of the @entity165 -fed @entity95 . Increase of serum @entity165 level, activation of hepatic stellate cells, and exposure to oxidative stress were also recognized. CONCLUSIONS: @entity165 -fed @entity95 share several physiopathological features of @entity1561 . Because this model did not show insulin resistance or @entity28 , it may be useful for elucidating the mechanism of @entity1561 related mainly to @entity407 .

title: @entity165 -fed @entity95 as a unique model of nonalcoholic, nonobese, non-insulin-resistant fatty liver disease with characteristic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatohepatitis', 'fatty change with ballooning degeneration']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic alteration']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: The aim of the study is presenting the diagnostic value of different imaging modalities in the evaluation of @entity1 with @entity8 . The material comprises a group of 16 @entity1 with blunt @entity1661 . Six of them were treated surgically. Plain abdominal radiography was performed in 9 @entity1 , urography in 7, US examination in 16 @entity1 and CT in 12 cases. The @entity8 in US were found in 16 cases, 7 of them were isolated and in 9 @entity1 multi-organ injuries were found, with @entity99 in 2 of them. The minor injuries were found in 8 cases. In other 8 cases severe @entity8 were found. The perirenal haematomas were visible as non-enhancing areas adjacent to kidney. The parenchymal laceration appeared as linear non-enhancing areas in the @entity8 . In the group of @entity8 in 3 cases the renal contusion was found and small parenchymal and subcapsular haematomas in 2 cases appearing as hyperdense subcapsular areas, without evident contrast enhancement. In 2 cases CT revealed perirenal extravasations of blood, appearing as perirenal masses (density of 50 HU), and not revealing contrast enhancement. In 2 cases in @entity8678 were found. The absence of excretion was found in 2 cases, representing severe @entity8 . In 3 cases the @entity1317 with extravasations of the contrasted urine into perinephric area was found in CT and in urography. That was the most frequent urographic sign of renal laceration. In 3 cases axial sections revealed injuries of renal collecting system, with subtle extravasation of contrasted urine. In 2 other cases of extensive parenchymal injuries US examination revealed irregular areas of inhomogeneous reflectivity. Radiological evaluation of kidney in @entity1 which sustained @entity1661 is generally indicated in @entity1 with @entity551 < 90 mm Hg and @entity811 . CT is preferred image method, enabling evaluation of the injury category. CT is essential in qualifying of @entity1 for conservative or surgical management. USG is also useful in initial diagnosis, but usually precise renal evaluation requires additional CT examination.

title: Imaging diagnostics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal parenchyma', 'renal injuries', 'injury of the renal pedicle', 'renal injury', 'minor renal lesion']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity8678 :: ('MESH:D012186', 'Disease') :: ['CT retroperitoneal haematomas']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['injury of ureteropelvic system']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal trauma']


abstract: AIMS: We investigated the prevalence of prior @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and incidence of @entity65 (CV) events among @entity955 ( @entity955 ) @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: In ROCKET @entity955 , 14 264 @entity1 with nonvalvular @entity955 were randomized to @entity3925 or @entity1229 . The key efficacy outcome for these analyses was @entity65 , @entity583 , and @entity1459 ( @entity1459 ). This pre-specified analysis was performed on @entity1 while on treatment. Rates are per 100 @entity1 -years. Overall, 2468 (17%) @entity1 had prior @entity583 at enrollment. Compared with @entity1 without prior @entity583 , these @entity1 were more likely to be male (75 vs. 57%), on @entity117 at baseline (47 vs. 34%), have prior @entity712 (78 vs. 59%), @entity6 (47 vs. 39%), @entity101 (94 vs. 90%), higher mean CHADS2 score (3.64 vs. 3.43), and fewer prior @entity64 or transient ischaemic attacks (46 vs. 54%). @entity65 , @entity583 , or @entity1459 rates tended to be lower in @entity1 assigned @entity3925 compared with @entity1229 [2.70 vs. 3.15; hazard ratio (HR) 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73-1.00; P = 0.0509]. @entity65 , @entity583 , or @entity1459 rates were higher in those with prior @entity583 compared with no prior @entity583 (6.68 vs. 2.19; HR 3.04, 95% CI 2.59-3.56) with consistent results for @entity65 , @entity583 , or @entity1459 for @entity3925 compared with @entity1229 in prior @entity583 compared with no prior @entity583 (P interaction = 0.10). CONCLUSION: Prior @entity583 was common and associated with substantial risk for subsequent @entity299 . @entity1 with prior @entity583 assigned @entity3925 compared with @entity1229 had a non-significant 14% reduction of ischaemic @entity299 .

title: Ischaemic cardiac outcomes in @entity1 with @entity955 treated with vitamin K antagonism or factor Xa inhibition: results from the ROCKET XXXX trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['UA', 'unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CV death', 'ischaemic cardiovascular']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['AF']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Pharyngeal inflammatory @entity158 is reduced by a single dose of @entity619 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. METHODS: From August 1998 to July 2000, a total of 118 @entity1 were enrolled. We compared placebo (n = 37), a 10-mg single dose of intramuscular injection of @entity619 (n = 39), and a 10-mg single dose of oral @entity619 (n = 42). All @entity1 were given oral antibiotics and had bacterial throat cultures. RESULTS: Complete telephone follow-up 12 hours after treatment was available in 111 @entity1 , and 24-hour follow-up data were available in 116. The change in @entity158 visual analogue scale scores (pretreatment score minus 12-h follow-up score) reported by @entity1 who were given either intramuscular (median score, 4; mean score +/- SD, 4.2 +/- 2.3) or oral @entity619 (median score, 3; mean score +/- SD, 3.8 +/- 2.3) was significantly greater than that of the @entity1 who were given placebo (median score, 2; mean score +/- SD, 2.1 +/- 2.0) (P <.001 and P =.002, respectively). This difference in improvement was also evident when the percentage of change was compared in the three treatment arms at 12-hour and 24-hour follow-up. @entity1 who were given @entity619 had the onset of @entity158 relief a median of 4 hours earlier than those who were given oral and intramuscular placebo (P =.029). Statistically significant differences among the three treatment arms were confirmed when a bacterial pathogen was identified (n = 47) but not in a subset that did not have a pathogen identified. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose @entity619 appears to be a safe, effective, and inexpensive adjunctive treatment for @entity697 in @entity1 15 years of age and older. @entity1 treated with intramuscular or oral @entity619 had significant relief of @entity158 (relative to baseline) compared with @entity1 who were given placebo. Identification of a bacterial pathogen had a significant impact on the response to @entity619 .

title: Efficacy of single-dose XXXX as adjuvant therapy for @entity697 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute pharyngitis']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine possible @entity6 ( @entity6 ) between aboriginal and non-aboriginal @entity1 in the Saskatoon Health District. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a prospective survey of all @entity1 admitted for childbirth to the Saskatoon Royal University Hospital between January and July 1998. We compared prevalence rates, risk factors, and outcomes of @entity6 between aboriginal and non-aboriginal @entity1 . RESULTS: Information was obtained from 2,006 @entity1 , of whom 252 aboriginal and 1,360 non-aboriginal subjects had been tested for @entity6 . The overall rates of @entity6 were 3.5% for @entity1 in the general population and 11.5% for aboriginal @entity1 . For those living within the Saskatoon Health District, @entity6 rates were 3.7 and 6.4%, respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that aboriginal ethnicity, most notably when combined with @entity28 , was an independent predictor for @entity6 . Pregravid BMI > or = 27 kg/m(2) and maternal age > or = 33 years were the most important risk factors for @entity6 in aboriginal @entity1 , whereas previous @entity6 , family history of @entity6 , and maternal age > or = 38 years were the strongest predictors for @entity6 in non-aboriginal @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: There may be fundamental differences in @entity6 between aboriginal and non-aboriginal @entity1 . Because @entity6 contributes to an increased risk for @entity164 2 @entity6 in aboriginal @entity1 and their offspring, the impact of prevention and optimal treatment of @entity6 on the @entity164 2 @entity6 in susceptible populations are important areas for further investigation.

title: A comparison of rates, risk factors, and outcomes of gestational diabetes between aboriginal and non-aboriginal XXXX in the Saskatoon health district.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes epidemic', 'differences in gestational diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes', 'GDM']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The aim is to study the pattern of a cell population (ploidy) and to evaluate the latter's significance in the prognosis of different @entity189 . A total of 467 @entity1 with primary @entity189 of the breast (n = 177), lung (n = 88), head and neck (n = 140), and colon and rectum (n = 62) were examined. All the @entity1 underwent surgery alone or in combination with radiotherapy (X-ray)/chemotherapy. A follow-up lasted 6 to 120 months. DNA was measured in the operative @entity5 tissue specimens by using an ICP-22 flow cytometer. Diploid and @entity5 occurred in 20.4-53.6 and 43.6-79.6% of cases, respectively. The frequency of recurrences was mainly associated with @entity2007 and it was more than thrice higher than that with diploidy (21.0-43.2 versus 4.5-14.4%). Five-year survival was twice worse in @entity1 with @entity5 than in those with diploid ones. The survival rates after one operation, preoperative, and postoperative radiation therapy was greater in @entity1 with @entity5 than in @entity1 with aneuploid ones. Thus, DNA-ploidy of the study neoplasms is of high informative value in predicting the course of a tumorous process and in choosing treatment policy on an individual basis.

title: [The experience in the use of DNA flow cytometry to predict the natural history of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'diploid tumors', 'aneuploid cancers', 'aneuploid tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant neoplasms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although primary @entity4097 (PSCTs) comprise a minority of primary @entity1221 , they often impose a great deal of morbidity on their victims. Few epidemiologic studies have addressed PSCTs in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the demographic/clinical features of all primary @entity5 (with a specific focus on primary intradural @entity4097 ) identified between 1992 and 2004 in three of the major related hospitals in Isfahan, Iran. We also tracked the malignant cases until 2012. RESULTS: 102 @entity1 with primary @entity5 were found; 82 @entity5 were Intradural (36 intramedullary and 46 extramedullary) and 20 extradural. The principal intradural histological subtypes were @entity4847 (33%), @entity424 (22%), @entity816 (16%), and @entity1653 (15%). 20 (19%) of the @entity5 were malignant. Local @entity158 (43%) and @entity717 (36%) were the most common first-presenting symptoms in the @entity1 . Male-to-female ratio was significant only in @entity424 (male:female ratio = 3.6, P < 0.05). The mean age in @entity1653 (57 years, standard error [SE]: 15.7) was significantly higher than other types (one-way ANOVA, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results reflect analogous frequency of distribution for PSCTs compared with most of the previous counterpart studies worldwide. The only notable exception was the comparatively fewer frequency of @entity602 in our study.

title: A 12-year epidemiologic study on primary XXXX in Isfahan, Iran.

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intraspinal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system tumors']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord meningioma']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord tumors']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['motor disabilities']

entities_list: @entity4847 :: ('MESH:D018317', 'Disease') :: ['nerve sheath tumor']

answer: @entity4097 :: (MESH:D013120,Disease) :: ['spinal cord tumors']


abstract: @entity1893 are usually incurable with conventional-dose chemotherapy. It is uncertain whether cures are possible with high-dose therapy and bone marrow transplant from a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical sibling. We sought to determine the outcome of HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplants in advanced @entity1893 in an observational study of 113 @entity1 conducted at 50 centers participating in the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry (IBMTR). The median @entity1 age was 38 years (range, 15 to 61). Eighty percent had stage IV disease at the time of transplantation. The median number of prior chemotherapy regimens was two (range, 0 to 5). Thirty-eight percent had refractory disease and 29% a Karnofsky performance score (KPS) less than 80%. All @entity1 underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from a HLA-identical sibling donor. The conditioning regimen included @entity348 ( @entity348 ) in 82% of @entity1 ; @entity205 was used for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis in 74%. Survival, disease-free survival, recurrence rate, treatment-related mortality, and causes of @entity204 were determined. Three-year probabilities of recurrence, survival, and disease-free survival were 16% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9% to 27%), 49% (95% CI, 39% to 60%), and 49% (95% CI, 39% to 59%), respectively. Higher survival was associated with pretransplant KPS >/=90%, chemotherapy-sensitive disease, use of a @entity348 -containing conditioning regimen, and age less than 40 years. We conclude that high-dose therapy followed by transplantation from a HLA-identical sibling leads to prolonged survival in some @entity1 with advanced @entity1893 . Most mortality is treatment-related, and recurrences are rare.

title: Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total-body irradiation', 'TBI']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade lymphoma', 'Advanced low-grade lymphomas']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['low-grade lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To model the lifetime costs associated with complications of @entity164 2 @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A cohort of 10,000 @entity1 with @entity6 was simulated using a model based on existing epidemiological studies. Complication rates were estimated for various stages of @entity66 , @entity8 , @entity989 , @entity16 , and @entity4053 . At the beginning of the simulation, @entity1 were assumed to have been treated for 5 years and have a mean @entity4051 c of 8.4. From the U.K. Prospective @entity6 , it was estimated that on current therapies, the HbA1c would drift upward on average 0.15% per year. Direct medical costs of managing each complication were estimated (in 2000 U.S. dollars) from all-payor databases, surveys, and literature. RESULTS: @entity66 was estimated to be the largest cost component, accounting for 85% of cumulative costs of complications over the first 5 years. The costs of complications were estimated to be  47,240 per @entity1 over 30 years, on average. The management of @entity66 is estimated to be the largest cost component, accounting for 52% of the costs; @entity8 accounts for 21%, @entity16 accounts for 17%, and @entity989 accounts for 10% of the costs of complications. CONCLUSIONS: The complications of @entity6 account for substantial costs, with management of @entity66 being the largest and earliest. If improving glycemic control prevents complications, it will reduce these costs.

title: Lifetime costs of complications resulting from @entity164 2 XXXX in the U.S.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['macrovascular disease', 'Macrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes Study', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The study examined the use of behaviour in assessing post-laparotomy @entity158 in @entity35 given subcutaneous injections of saline (0.2 ml 100 g(-1)) or the analgesics @entity4783 (0.05 mg kg(-1)) or @entity7988 (5 mg kg(-1)). Procedural control influences (handling/movement, anaesthesia, injections) were studied in a second group. Of 150 behaviours examined, discriminant analysis classified the main treatment effects, and class mean frequencies were compared between treatments within each group. With the exception of @entity4783 treatment, control procedures reduced the frequency of active, attentive and grooming behaviour, and increased sleeping during 24 hours following each treatment. Moving animals to the theatre was the main factor responsible for these changes. Surgery also reduced active and attentive behaviour. Animals given pre-operative saline were more frequently inactive than those given @entity7988 . These effects most likely resulted from @entity158 , but this was not significantly diminished with the @entity7988 dose used. In all cases, @entity4783 outweighed these effects, causing a sustained increase in active, inactive and attentive behaviour, such that determination of any analgesic effects was impossible. The study underlined a role for @entity158 assessments based on @entity35 behaviour. Drug-related effects emphasised a need for more comprehensive assessments encompassing procedural influences, before behaviour changes that are potentially @entity158 related may be determined accurately.

title: Effects of surgery and analgesic administration on spontaneous behaviour in singly housed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'post-surgery pain']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Surgical strategy for the @entity339 ( @entity339 ) in @entity1 with @entity296 ( @entity296 ) still remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the operative outcome and long-term survival in @entity1 with @entity296 , @entity339 . METHODS: Perioperative data and surgical results of 35 @entity1 with @entity63 @entity339 were collected. Mitral annuloplasty with @entity3521 (MAP) was performed in 27 @entity1 and mitral valve replacement (MVR) in 8 @entity1 . Preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in MVR was significantly lower (23.1 +/- 11.8 : 33.4 +/- 10.3%, p < 0.05) and the left ventricular diastolic dimension (LVDd) was dilated (73.7 +/- 9.3: 64.2 +/- 7.0 mm, p < 0.01). Concomitant procedures including coronary artery bypass grafting and/or left ventricular reconstruction were performed in more than half @entity1 . RESULTS: No operative death was observed in both groups. Postoperative data showed that MVR still remained in low left ventricular (LV) function. Six of 27 @entity1 in MAP developed more than grade 2 @entity339 during follow up period and 1 required reoperation. No significant difference was observed in survival and in freedom rate from cardiac event between groups. CONCLUSIONS: MAP had no impact on operative outcome and long-term survival in @entity1 with @entity296 , @entity339 . MVR should be considered in @entity1 with severely impaired LV function to avoid the risk of recurrence of @entity339 .

title: [Surgical strategy for XXXX in @entity296 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy', 'ICM']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3521 :: ('MESH:D012303', 'Disease') :: ['artificial ring']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of selective @entity4645 inhibitor, @entity12698 , and @entity4599 on serum levels of @entity3426 ( @entity3426 ), @entity9356 (OC), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in experimental @entity2521 . METHODS: Experimental @entity2521 in @entity35 was induced by repeated injection of purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from @entity526 endotoxin. Forty-seven adult male @entity35 were divided into five study groups as follows: saline control, LPS, LPS + @entity12698 , LPS + @entity4599 , and LPS + @entity12698 + @entity4599 . @entity12698 and @entity4599 were given alone or in combination during 14 days of the experimental study period. At the end of the 2-week protocol, serum samples were obtained, and the @entity35 were sacrificed. Serum samples were analyzed for @entity3426 , OC, and CRP concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Defleshed jaws were analyzed morphometrically for alveolar @entity604 . Data were evaluated statistically by non-parametric tests. RESULTS: According to the morphometric measurements, the LPS and drug treatment groups showed significantly higher @entity604 than the saline control group (P <0.05). @entity4599 , both alone and in combination with @entity12698 , revealed significantly higher @entity3426 levels than LPS and @entity12698 groups (P <0.05). Individual and combined administration of @entity12698 and @entity4599 significantly increased OC levels compared to the LPS group (P <0.05). There were no significant differences in serum CRP levels. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12698 and/or @entity4599 administration does not significantly influence circulating levels of CRP. The significantly increased serum OC level observed after individual and combination administration suggests that @entity12698 and @entity4599 may influence bone remodeling and thereby inhibit the progression of alveolar bone resorption. However, the failure to observe any significant inhibition of @entity604 in @entity12698 - and/or @entity4599 -treated @entity35 compared to the LPS group suggests that their therapeutic effect may be reduced by other factors, such as increases in serum @entity3426 promoting osteoclast activity.

title: Effects of selective @entity4645 inhibitor and @entity4599 on serum @entity3426 , @entity9356 , and C-reactive protein levels in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4599 :: ('CHEBI:25681', 'Chemical') :: ['omega-3 fatty acid', 'Omega-3 fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib', 'Celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The levels of urine @entity462 protease (UCP) were detected in the urines of 70 gynecological @entity5 , 50 gynecological @entity5 and 50 normal @entity1 . The values of UCP assay of gynecological @entity5 were much higher than those of benign and normal samples (P < 0.01). Best cut off point for diagnosis of gynecological @entity5 was P95 and UCP cut off value was 0.24 pmol. @entity1009 /L by using percentile and ROC curve. The sensitivity of UCP assay was 90%, specificity 80% and accuracy 86%. The sensitivity for @entity43 was 95%, but 77% and 85% for corpus and @entity5 respectively. There were no differences between UCP and @entity10224 (sensitivity 85%, specificity 87%, accuracy 84%) in the diagnosis of @entity43 . In 7 cases of 8 cases of @entity43 , UCP were abnormal. In 6 cases of the same group, @entity10224 were normal (< 35,000 U/L). So UCP may be better than @entity10224 in the diagnosis of early @entity43 . The sensitivity of @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme was 75% in @entity43 which was lower than UCP and @entity10224 , but the specificity 85%. LDH isoenzyme still was one of important @entity5 markers for diagnosis. Combined assays with UCP, @entity10224 and LDH isoenzyme may reach the sensitivity 96% and specificity 100% evidently. These data implied that UCP may be a good @entity5 marker in gynecological @entity5 especially for @entity43 in future.

title: [The values of urine XXXX protein activity in the diagnosis of @entity43 ].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian cancer', 'stage I ovarian cancers']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'benign tumors', 'cervical cancers']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity462 :: (MESH:D003545,Chemical) :: ['cysteine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14385 ( @entity14385 ) is a rare presentation of primary @entity715 that classically occurs in young @entity1 with a degree of underlying @entity531 after a period of upper extremity exertion. The primary complication of @entity14385 is @entity715 , a result of chronic @entity101 . OBJECTIVES: To educate Emergency Physicians on this condition to potentiate timely diagnosis and appropriate disposition. CASE REPORT: A 29-year-old right-handed restaurant waiter presented with 3 days of non-painful, gradual-onset @entity2045 swelling with normal vital signs. The @entity1 's history was otherwise notable for subjective fevers and a @entity12893 . Upon examination, the @entity2045 was neurovascularly intact and remarkable for uniform @entity4 and @entity5105 extending distally from the level of the mid-humerus. The primary differential diagnoses were @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) vs. soft tissue infection. Venous phase contrast computed tomography did not reveal evidence of underlying soft tissue infection and was inconclusive regarding a @entity1150 . Ultrasound demonstrated a right subclavian @entity1150 . The @entity1 was admitted and underwent thrombolysis, venolysis, and first rib resection and initiation of @entity1229 . CONCLUSION: @entity14385 is a rare presentation of upper-extremity @entity1150 occurring classically in @entity1 without commonly recognized pro-thrombotic risk factors. @entity14385 carries the potential of significant morbidity in the form of @entity715 and @entity1151 . Current literature suggests that optimal outcomes are achieved when treatment is initiated within 6 weeks of onset. The treatment paradigm calls for thrombolysis and, frequently, a first rib resection.

title: A case report: a young waiter with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity12893 :: ('MESH:D014072', 'Disease') :: ['right forearm abrasion']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['venous hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['right upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['vein DVT', 'deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['post-thrombotic syndrome', 'axillary subclavian vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic outlet syndrome']

entities_list: @entity14385 :: ('MESH:D056824', 'Disease') :: ['Paget-Schroetter syndrome', 'PSS']

answer: @entity14385 :: (MESH:D056824,Disease) :: ['Paget-Schroetter syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The microsporidia parasite Nosema contributes to the steep global decline of @entity5157 that are critical pollinators of food crops. There are two species of Nosema that have been found to infect @entity5157 , Nosema apis and @entity36504 . Genome sequencing of N. apis and comparative genome analysis with @entity36504 , a fully sequenced microsporidia species, reveal novel insights into host-parasite interactions underlying the parasite @entity281 . RESULTS: We applied the whole-genome shotgun sequencing approach to sequence and assemble the genome of N. apis which has an estimated size of 8.5 Mbp. We predicted 2,771 protein- coding genes and predicted the function of each putative protein using the Gene Ontology. The comparative genomic analysis led to identification of 1,356 orthologs that are conserved between the two Nosema species and genes that are unique characteristics of the individual species, thereby providing a list of virulence factors and new genetic tools for studying host-parasite interactions. We also identified a highly abundant motif in the upstream promoter regions of N. apis genes. This motif is also conserved in @entity36504 and other microsporidia species and likely plays a role in gene regulation across the microsporidia. CONCLUSIONS: The availability of the N. apis genome sequence is a significant addition to the rapidly expanding body of microsprodian genomic data which has been improving our understanding of eukaryotic genome diversity and evolution in a broad sense. The predicted virulent genes and transcriptional regulatory elements are potential targets for innovative therapeutics to break down the life cycle of the parasite.

title: Genome sequencing and comparative genomics of XXXX microsporidia, Nosema apis reveal novel insights into host-parasite interactions.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity5157 :: (7460,Species) :: ['honey bee']


abstract: Although @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) with @entity3483 (M1a) is generally contraindicated for surgery, several reports have demonstrated favorable prognosis. This study aimed to describe the results of surgical intervention in this disease. In this retrospective study, we evaluated @entity1149 @entity1 with @entity3483 selected from Surveillance Epidemiology and End-Results database (SEER). @entity5 resection was compared to no @entity5 resection in the @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity2 -specific survival (LCSS). Multivariate analyses and propensity score matching were applied to compare the two groups. The study included 2,217 eligible @entity1 . @entity5 resection group was significantly associated with better @entity1349 and LCSS compared to no @entity5 resection group (the @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), 20 vs 7 months; @entity1349 , p <0.001; LCSS, p <0.001). Multivariable analyses indicated that no primary @entity5 resection was associated with decreased @entity1349 (Hazard Ratio (HR), 2.136; p<0.001) and LCSS (HR, 2.053; p<0.001). In propensity score-matched pairs, better @entity1349 and LCSS were further validated in @entity1 with @entity3483 who underwent primary @entity5 resection compared to no @entity5 resection ( @entity1349 , 20 vs 6 months; @entity1349 , p <0.001; LCSS, p <0.001). Similarly, multivariable analyses also indicated that no primary @entity5 resection was associated with decreased @entity1349 (HR, 2.309; p <0.001) and LCSS (HR, 2.301; p <0.001) for @entity1 with @entity3483 . In conclusion, the prognosis after contraindicated surgery of @entity1149 @entity1 with @entity3483 (M1a) may be better than expected. Thus, subsequent studies should aim to identify @entity1 who could benefit from surgery.

title: The prognosis after contraindicated surgery of XXXX @entity1 with @entity3483 (M1a) may be better than expected.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral malignant pleural effusion', 'malignant pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival', 'median survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity385 remains one of the top ten causes of death in @entity1 . There is evidence for the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as @entity650 and the @entity8996 promoter polymorphism of the @entity650 gene, in the occurrence and outcome of @entity64 in adults. The aim of the present study was to determine a possible association between the @entity8996 @entity650 polymorphism and occurrence of @entity64 , its symptoms and outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 340 individuals: 80 @entity64 @entity1 , 122 parents of @entity1 and 138 controls. The @entity8996 polymorphism was genotyped using the RFLP method. For the analysis of the relationship between genotypes and @entity64 we used two alternative methods: the case-control model and the transmission test for linkage disequilibrium using data from families. RESULTS: We observed no differences in the transmission of alleles from parents to @entity1 . We also did not find any statistical differences in distribution of genotypes and alleles between @entity1 and controls. However, the analysis showed that post- @entity64 was genotype-dependent. All @entity1 with @entity302 were G allele carriers and none of them was a CC homozygote whereas about 25% of @entity1 without @entity302 had the CC genotype. CONCLUSIONS: Our study did not show any associations between the @entity650 @entity8996 polymorphism and the occurrence of @entity64 but we observed a relation between post- @entity64 and the G allele carrier-state.

title: Impact of the @entity8996 XXXX ( @entity650 ) gene polymorphism on the risk of paediatric @entity385 , its symptoms and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'paediatric stroke', 'stroke epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['interleukin-6']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aims to assess the clinical relevance of postoperative arterial blood @entity880 ( @entity24604 ) level as a prognostic factor in @entity1 with colorectal perforation. METHODS: Forty-two @entity1 (22 males, 20 females; mean age, 70.8 years) underwent emergency surgery for colorectal perforation. The @entity1 were divided into mortality and survivor groups. As a prognostic scoring system, Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE-II), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and @entity262 Inflammatory Response Syndrome criteria were calculated. These scores, postoperative @entity24604 level, and other data, including site and etiology of perforation, elapsed time from onset to surgery (eTIME), preoperative white blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts, preoperative @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), and preoperative arterial blood base excess were assessed between the groups. RESULTS: The total mortality rate was 33.3 %. On univariate analysis, the APACHE-II and SOFA scores were significantly higher, and eTIME was significantly longer in the mortality group than in the survivor group. The postoperative @entity24604 level was significantly higher in the mortality group (43.1        14.1 mg/dl) than in the survivor group (23.8        12.7 mg/dl; p   <   0.001), and the preoperative WBC was significantly lower in the mortality group than in the survivor group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis using the mortality risk factors determined by univariate analysis (eTIME, APACHE-II score, SOFA score, preoperative WBC count, and postoperative @entity24604 ) demonstrated that postoperative @entity24604 level was an independent risk factor for mortality. CONCLUSIONS: High postoperative @entity24604 level was a useful factor for predicting high mortality rate in @entity1 with colorectal perforation.

title: Postoperative arterial blood XXXX level as a mortality marker in @entity1 with colorectal perforation.

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactate']


abstract: Between 1983 and 1990, 9 @entity1 with 13 involved lower extremities had proximal tibial osteotomies for the treatment of @entity5249 . Average age at the time of onset was 11 years, 8 months. All @entity1 were black and @entity28 . The interval between awareness of the @entity85 and presentation averaged 1.7 years. The mean preoperative tibiofemoral angle was 13 degrees varus. Stabilization was achieved by external fixation (6 extremities), crossed pins (4 extremities), or staples (3 extremities). One @entity1 with @entity85 experienced @entity260 including @entity4034 and recurrent @entity85 , both successfully treated. Another @entity1 had recurrence of the @entity85 and a leg-length discrepancy secondary to early closure of the medial proximal tibial physis. At an average follow-up of 4 years, two @entity1 complained of occasional @entity158 ; none complained of @entity158 that restricted normal activities. The mean improvement in the tibiofemoral angle at follow-up was 20 degrees, with a mean tibiofemoral angle of 6 degrees valgus. Overall, there were 10 good, no fair, and 3 poor results.

title: Osteotomy of the proximal tibia in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['multiple postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['bowleg deformity', 'varus deformity at the osteotomy sites', 'varus deformity', 'bilateral deformity']

entities_list: @entity5249 :: ('MESH:C536237', 'Disease') :: ['adolescent tibia vara']

answer: @entity5249 :: (MESH:C536237,Disease) :: ['adolescent tibia vara']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity978 ( @entity978 ) survivors have an increased morbidity and mortality from @entity5 and @entity65 ( @entity65 ). We evaluate doses with involved node radiotherapy (INRT) delivered as 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D CRT), @entity34 ( @entity34 ), or proton therapy (PT), compared with the extensive @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: For 27 @entity1 with early-stage, mediastinal @entity978 , treated with chemotherapy and INRT delivered as 3D CRT (30 Gy), we simulated an @entity2194 (36 Gy), INRT- @entity34 and INRT-PT (30 Gy). Dose to the heart, lungs, and breasts, estimated risks of @entity65 , lung (LC) and @entity0 ( @entity0 ), and corresponding life years lost (LYL) were compared. RESULTS: 3D CRT, @entity34 or PT significantly lower the dose to the heart, lungs and breasts and provide lower risk estimates compared with @entity2194 , but with substantial @entity1 variability. The risk of @entity65 is not significantly different for 3D CRT versus @entity34 . The risk of LC and @entity0 is highest with @entity34 . For LYL, PT is the superior modern technique. CONCLUSIONS: In early-stage, mediastinal @entity978 modern radiotherapy provides superior results compared with @entity2194 . However, there is no single best radiotherapy technique for @entity978 -the decision should be made at the individual @entity1 level.

title: Estimated risk of @entity65 and XXXX with modern highly conformal radiotherapy for early-stage mediastinal @entity978 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['Mantle Field', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['secondary cancers']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HL', 'Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['VMAT', 'volumetric modulated arc therapy']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['secondary cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this double blind placebo controlled study was to examine if specific effects on subjective intoxication and @entity25 ratings could be demonstrated after consuming @entity285 mixed with energy drink (AMED) when compared to consuming @entity285 only (AO). METHODS: 56 healthy volunteers rated their subjective intoxication on a scale ranging from 0 (sober) to 10 (highly intoxicated) at baseline, breath @entity285 concentration (BAC) of 0%, and at BAC 0.08%, 0.05%, and 0.02%. @entity25 was assessed with the @entity25 scale. Scores of the AMED and @entity988 , at each BAC level, were compared. RESULTS: Subjective intoxication for AMED and AO did not differ significantly from each other at any BAC level, except for BAC 0.02%. A significant @entity25 was found in the @entity988 , whereas scores remained stable in the AMED condition. Sleepiness scores at BAC0.08% and 0.05% were significantly lower after AMED when compared to AO. However, the observed differences between AMED and AO were small and have no clinical relevance. CONCLUSION: Mixing @entity285 with energy drink had no overall masking effect on subjective intoxication caused by @entity285 , nor had a relevant effect on subjective @entity25 ratings. Copyright    2016 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: The effects of XXXX mixed with energy drink (AMED) on subjective intoxication and alertness: results from a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['AO condition']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Karolinska sleepiness', 'increase in sleepiness scores', 'alertness-sleepiness', 'Alertness-sleepiness']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: We evaluated the long-term results of 12 unconstrained @entity348 that were performed in 12 @entity1 with @entity309 from 1983 to 1989. The mean follow-up period was 9.5 years (range 8 to 13 years). We used the Ewald elbow-scoring system to chart results. This showed that the scores for the 12 elbows had improved from an average preoperative score of 39 points (range 17 to 72 points) to an average postoperative score of 80 points (range 45 to 97 points). The greatest improvements were in terms of @entity158 relief, function, and range of motion. Eight elbows were free of @entity158 by the end of follow-up. Average elbow flexion increased from 115 degrees before operation to 140 degrees after operation, and pronation and supination increased from 52 degrees to 61 degrees and 42 degrees to 71 degrees, respectively. Radiographs of the 12 elbows showed constant wear of the ulnar @entity691 with loosening of 2 ulnar components. Revision of the prosthesis was necessary in 2 elbows because of @entity1349 . Complications included 1 subluxation, 1 supracondylar @entity174 , and 2 ulnar @entity16 . Despite some excellent clinical results with a follow-up of over 10 years, the authors no longer recommend the use of this kind of elbow prosthesis in @entity1 with @entity309 because of the high complication rate and the impossibility of adapting this implant in the event of @entity604 . The authors propose a new classification of humeral @entity604 that will allow for better planning of primary and revision total elbow arthroplasties.

title: Long-term results of unconstrained @entity348 in XXXX with @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['Roper-Tuke total elbow replacements']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Endovascular repair has proven to be an effective treatment for many @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ). @entity439 that require open repair have usually been disqualified from an endovascular approach as a result of a variety of anatomic constraints, which may also make open repair more difficult. Our purpose was to review open @entity1028 repair and assess the complexity of the operative procedure and associated morbidity and mortality data in the era of endovascular stent grafting. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 606 @entity1 undergoing elective open @entity1028 repair at a single tertiary care community hospital from January 1, 1996, to December 31, 2004. @entity1 with @entity1756 and all endovascular repairs were excluded. @entity1 were grouped into two categories. Group 1 included 301 @entity1 who underwent open repair before the initiation of an endovascular stent grafting program in November 1999. Group 2 included 305 @entity1 who underwent open repair after the initiation of the stent graft program. Operative reports were reviewed to determine the location of the proximal aortic cross clamp, management of the renal vein, associated iliac @entity432 , and type of surgical reconstruction. Morbidity, mortality, and disposition data were compared for the two groups and subjected to chi2 analysis. RESULTS: Suprarenal aortic cross-clamp placement was required in 6% of group 1 @entity1 and 20% of group 2 @entity1 (P < .05). Division of the renal vein was necessary in 11% of group 1 @entity1 and 18% of group 2 @entity1 (P < .05). @entity1029 were present in 25% of group 1 @entity1 and 42% of group 2 @entity1 (P < .05). The incidence of associated @entity432 was 12% in group 1 and 20% in group 2 (P < .05). The type of reconstruction required (aortoaorto, aortoiliac, aortofemoral) was not found to be statistically significant. All major sources of morbidity, including @entity177 , @entity583 , @entity64 , and intubation times, were similar between the two groups. The length of stay was 9.2 days in both groups, and 11.3% of group 1 @entity1 and 26% of group 2 @entity1 were discharged to an extended-care facility rather than directly home. The overall mortality rate was 2.0% for @entity1 in group 1 and 3.8% for group 2 @entity1 . This was not a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: Surgeons performing open repair of @entity1028 in the era of endovascular stent grafting are operating on @entity1 who require more complex repairs, including a greater frequency of suprarenal cross clamping, renal vein division, and management of associated iliac @entity432 . Despite this, morbidity and mortality rates are similar to those in @entity1 operated on before the initiation of an endovascular stent grafting program.

title: Evaluation of the complexity of open XXXX repair in the era of endovascular stent grafting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal or occlusive disease', 'iliac occlusive disease', 'aneurysmal and occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1029 :: ('MESH:D017543', 'Disease') :: ['Iliac aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAA']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['abdominal aneurysm']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and visual outcome in cases converted from phacoemulsification to routine extracapsular @entity231 extraction (ECCE). SETTING: Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in 540 eyes that had clear corneal phacoemulsification performed by an experienced phacoemulsification surgeon. The cases in which phacoemulsification was initiated and then converted to ECCE were studied. The main parameters evaluated were the factors responsible for the conversion, corneal endothelial cell loss, and visual outcome. RESULTS: Twenty eyes (3.7%) required conversion to ECCE during phacoemulsification. Pupillary miosis (6 cases), posterior capsule @entity397 (5 cases), prolonged phaco time (4 cases), posterior extension of the capsulorhexis (2 cases), corneal thermal burn (1 case), subluxation of the lens (1 case), and malfunctioning of the ultrasonic handpiece (1 case) were the reasons for the conversion. The mean percentage of endothelial cell loss was 11.06% +/- 2.3 (SD); 18 cases (90.0%) achieved a visual acuity of 20/40 or better at 6 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative @entity15496 , posterior capsule @entity397 , and very hard nuclear @entity231 causing prolonged phacoemulsification were the major risk factors for conversion to ECCE. Optimal preoperative preparation and prompt recognition of complications during phacoemulsification can lead to timely conversion to ECCE to achieve a good visual outcome.

title: Conversion from phacoemulsification to extracapsular XXXX extraction: incidence, risk factors, and visual outcome.

entities_list: @entity15496 :: ('MESH:D015877', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary miosis']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: Using an in vitro @entity63 model ( @entity63 solution; IS model) that induces penumbral cell @entity204 , we examined the effect of @entity18850 ( @entity18850 ) on cell injury/ @entity204 and underlying molecular mechanisms. @entity2667 (PI) uptake was used to quantify cell @entity204 in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. A 24-h IS exposure caused a fivefold increase in mean PI fluorescence intensity. @entity18850 , dose-dependently (1-4000 microM), reduced the IS-induced PI uptake in hippocampal @entity4778 neurons with an IC(50) of 26 microM. This protective effect of @entity18850 was reversible and effective even 6 h following the onset of IS treatment. Gene expression profiling studies indicated that among approximately 46,000 transcripts tested, the most significantly up-regulated gene by IS was @entity635 ( @entity635 ) which was also the most significantly down-regulated gene when @entity18850 was added to the IS-treated slices. The addition of a recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist (100 microg/mL) or neutralizing @entity635 antibody significantly attenuated the IS-induced cell @entity204 , indicating that the up-regulation of @entity635 with IS treatment contributed to the IS-induced cell @entity204 . @entity8932 ( @entity8932 ), another gene that was significantly up-regulated by IS and suppressed by @entity18850 , was studied to determine whether it was related to the @entity635 up-regulation. Indeed, this was the case as the IS-induced @entity635 up-regulation was abolished in @entity8932 -/- @entity19 brain slices. Furthermore, the IS-induced cell @entity204 was significantly reduced in @entity8932 -/- when compared with that in wild-type slices, indicating that @entity8932 is functionally upstream of @entity635 in this IS model. We conclude that (i) IS up-regulates @entity8932 expression and augments @entity8932 signaling, causing over-expression of @entity635 which leads to cell @entity204 and (ii) @entity18850 blocks IS-induced @entity528 , at least partially, by suppressing the @entity8932 pathway.

title: XXXX protects against @entity528 by blocking @entity8932 activated-mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['Propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity18850 :: ('MESH:D017878', 'Chemical') :: ["4,4'-diisothio-cyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid", 'DIDS']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

answer: @entity18850 :: (MESH:D017878,Chemical) :: ['DIDS']