abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the correlation between the level of serum- @entity843 albumin concentration gradient (SAAG) and the complications of @entity101 ( @entity101 ), manifested by the presence and grade of @entity2312 ( @entity2312 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Our study included 32 @entity1 with @entity843 , demonstrated by ultrasonography, who had measurement of the SAAG. All had upper @entity344 with assessment of the presence and size of @entity2312 . High SAAG was considered to be present when SAAG was >=1.1 g/dl and Low SAAG when it measured < 1.1 g/dl. RESULTS: We found that 25 of 32 (78.13%) @entity1 had High SAAG and 7 of 32 (21.87%) had Low SAAG. Esophageal varices were present in 18 of 25 (72%) @entity1 with High SAAG and in none of 7 (0%) @entity1 with Low SAAG (p =<0.001). Among @entity1 with High SAAG, @entity2312 were present in four of 8 @entity1 (50%) with SAAG values of 1.10-1.49g/dl; in four of seven @entity1 (57.1%) with SAAG values of 1.50-1.99g/dl; and in ten of ten (100%) with SAAG values of >=2.0g/dl (p = 0.037). The size of the @entity2312 had no association with the level of SAAG in @entity1 with High SAAG (p = 0.426). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity843 the presence of @entity2312 is associated only with @entity1 with High SAAG. The presence of @entity2312 in @entity1 with @entity843 and High SAAG is directly related to the degree of SAAG. The size of the @entity2312 in @entity1 with @entity843 and High SAAG is not associated with the degree of SAAG.

title: Correlation between serum- @entity843 albumin concentration gradient and endoscopic parameters of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension', 'PHTN']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity2312 :: ('MESH:D004932', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal varices', 'EV']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['portal hypertension']


abstract: OBJECT: Treatment of complex @entity438 (PED) (ev3/Covidien Vascular Therapies) has gained recent popularity. One application of PEDs that is not well described in the literature is the utility and long-term safety in treatment of vertebrobasilar fusiform (VBF) @entity439 . Despite the advancements in endovascular therapy, @entity439 continue to challenging pathology. The authors provide long-term follow-up of @entity439 treated with PEDs. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed four @entity1 that were treated at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in Shreveport with PEDs for VBFs from 2012 to 2014. Each @entity1 was discussed in a multidisciplinary setting between neurosurgeons and neurointerventionalists. Each @entity1 underwent platelet function tests to ensure responsiveness to anti-platelet agents and was treated by one neurointerventionalist (HC). All @entity1 were placed on @entity117 and Plavix and were confirmed for therapeutic response prior to discharge. RESULTS: Follow-up ranged from 12 to 25 months, with a mean of 14.25 months. Two cases presented with a recurrence after the initial treatment, both of which required subsequent treatment. Of the four @entity1 treated, one @entity1 developed @entity1269 and three died. CONCLUSION: Despite reports describing successful treatment of @entity439 with PEDs, delayed complications after obliteration and remodeling can occur. We describe our institutional experience of VBFs treated with PEDs. Treatment of holobasilar @entity439 may carry a worse prognosis after treatment. Further long-term follow-up will provide a better understanding of this pathology.

title: Treatment of vertebrobasilar fusiform XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'VBF aneurysms', 'fusiform aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms with Pipeline embolization device']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms with Pipeline embolization device']


abstract: PURPOSE: The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system plays an important role in mediating cell death after treatment with various types of chemotherapeutic agents, although the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we sought to determine what signal is introduced by MMR after @entity332 ( @entity333 ) treatment to signal a G(2)-M arrest leading to cell death. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A comparison study was carried out using an isogenic MMR(+) and MMR(-) @entity1 @entity14 RKO cell system, which we established for this study. Cells were exposed to @entity333 (3 micro M x 24 h) and then harvested daily for the next 3-6 days for growth inhibition assays. Cell cycle effects were determined by flow cytometry, and DNA strand breaks were measured using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and alkaline Comet assays. RESULTS: We first established MMR(+) RKO cell lines by transfection of @entity1 MutL homologue 1 ( @entity6756 ) cDNA into the @entity6756 -deficient (MMR(-)) RKO cell line. The ectopically expressed @entity6756 protein restored a MMR-proficient phenotype in the @entity6756 (+) transfectants, showing a significantly increased and prolonged G(2)-M arrest followed by cell death after @entity333 exposure, compared with the vector controls. The MMR-mediated, @entity333 -induced G(2)-M arrest started on day 1, peaked on day 3, and persisted to day 6 after @entity333 removal. We found that DNA double-strand breaks were comparably produced in both our MMR(+) and MMR(-) cells, peaking within 1 day of @entity333 treatment. In contrast, single-strand breaks (SSBs) were more frequent and longer lived in MMR(+) cells, and the duration of SSB formation was temporally correlated with the time course of @entity333 -induced G(2)-M arrest. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that MMR mediates @entity333 -induced G(2)-M arrest by introducing SSBs to signal a persistent G(2)-M arrest leading to enhanced cell death.

title: DNA mismatch repair (MMR) mediates XXXX genotoxicity by introducing single-strand breaks to signal a G2-M arrest in MMR-proficient RKO cells.

entities_list: @entity332 :: ('MESH:D013866', 'Chemical') :: ['6-thioguanine']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity332 :: (MESH:D013866,Chemical) :: ['6-thioguanine']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine whether components of the standard ERG (electroretinogram), multifocal ERG, and flash VECP (visually-evoked cortical potential) response might provide a sensitive measure of retinal @entity131 in a monkey model for @entity2790 . METHODS: Argon laser treatment of the aqueous outflow tissue was used to induce chronic elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the right eye of 18 young adult cynomolgous monkeys. At 15 months post- IOP elevation, standard methods were used to record ERG and VECP responses. Multifocal ERG responses were also recorded at this time. Loss of @entity2479 cells due to @entity2790 was determined by histological analysis of all retinas. RESULTS: Ocular @entity101 @entity989 was associated with a loss of @entity2479 cells. There was no histological or electrophysiological evidence for injury to any other retinal cell type. Correlation of electrophysiological response amplitudes with histological measures of @entity2479 cell loss/survival yielded results which suggest that activity in @entity2479 cells makes a substantial contribution to components of the 30 Hz flicker ERG, the flash VECP, and both first and second order multifocal ERG responses. Of the electrophysiological measures used in this study, multifocal ERG response amplitude had the greatest sensitivity to @entity2479 cell loss. CONCLUSIONS: Components of the multifocal ERG provide a sensitive measure of @entity131 in a monkey model of @entity2790 . These same measures may have utility in the clinical diagnosis and management of @entity726 .

title: Electrophysiological and histological measures of XXXX in chronic ocular @entity101 monkeys.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['ganglion cell injury']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ganglion']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['chronic ocular hypertension', 'ocular hypertensive injury']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal injury']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinal injury']


abstract: AIM: @entity729 ( @entity729 ), as a sign of @entity731 , can be detected and progression quantified using computed tomography (CT). We develop a tool for predicting @entity729 progression. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 3481 @entity1 (45-74 years, 53.1% @entity1 ) @entity729 percentiles at baseline (CACb) and after five years (CAC5y) were evaluated, demonstrating progression along gender-specific percentiles, which showed exponentially shaped age-dependence. Using quantile regression on the log-scale (log(CACb+1)) we developed a tool to individually predict CAC5y, and compared to observed CAC5y. The difference between observed and predicted CAC5y (log-scale, mean  SD) was 0.08  1.11 and 0.06  1.29 in @entity1 and @entity1 . Agreement reached a kappa-value of 0.746 (95% confidence interval: 0.732-0.760) and concordance correlation (log-scale) of 0.886 (0.879-0.893). Explained variance of observed by predicted log(CAC5y+1) was 80.1% and 72.0% in @entity1 and @entity1 , and 81.0 and 73.6% including baseline risk factors. Evaluating the tool in 1940 individuals with CACb>0 and CACb<400 at baseline, of whom 242 (12.5%) developed CAC5y>400, yielded a sensitivity of 59.5%, specificity 96.1%, (+) and (-) predictive values of 68.3% and 94.3%. A pre-defined acceptance range around predicted CAC5y contained 68.1% of observed CAC5y; only 20% were expected by chance. Age, blood pressure, lipid-lowering medication, @entity6 , and smoking contributed to progression above the acceptance range in @entity1 and, excepting age, in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity729 nearly inevitably progresses with limited influence of cardiovascular risk factors. This allowed the development of a mathematical tool for prediction of individual @entity729 progression, enabling anticipation of the age when @entity729 thresholds of high risk are reached.

title: Progression of XXXX seems to be inevitable, but predictable - results of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall (HNR) study

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery calcification', 'CAC']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity729 :: (MESH:D061205,Disease) :: ['coronary artery calcification']


abstract: @entity20027 are @entity5 composed predominantly or exclusively of myoepithelial cells. They are well described, especially within the salivary gland, but their occurrence in soft tissues is less well known and this often results in diagnostic problems. We report a case involving the deep soft tissues of the lower neck behind the clavicle. Grossly, the @entity5 was well circumscribed with solid and cystic areas. Histology showed a richly vascularised @entity5 composed of bland round, ovoid or spindle-shaped cells. Various growth patterns were present including solid, nested, microcystic and trabecular arrangements. In some areas there was an alveolar pattern with @entity5 cells lining fibrous septae. Immunohistochemistry showed diffuse strong positivity for @entity2281 protein, calponin, @entity2277 and glial fibrillary acidic protein and focal positivity for epithelial membrane antigen, 34betaE12 and @entity2278 , in keeping with myoepithelial differentiation. Electron microscopy revealed @entity5 cells surrounded by basal lamina with subplasmalemmal densities and containing cytoplasmic myofilaments. This case report highlights the rare occurrence of @entity20027 in deep soft tissues. Pathologists should be aware of this and should consider a @entity20027 in the differential diagnosis of a soft tissue spindle cell @entity5 .

title: Soft tissue XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity20027 :: ('MESH:D009208', 'Disease') :: ['Myoepitheliomas', 'myoepitheliomas', 'myoepithelioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'neoplasm', 'tumour']

answer: @entity20027 :: (MESH:D009208,Disease) :: ['myoepithelioma']


abstract: @entity5 and @entity66 can be challenging, as clinicians must ensure the process for identification is accurate while minimizing complications and ensuring sustainability associated with procedures. In addition, for those with @entity5 , accurate staging is vital for guiding the most appropriate therapy. There are a number of minimally invasive imaging strategies that may be used for identifying and staging different types of @entity5 , as well as identifying @entity66 . Examples of imaging strategies include computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), @entity10747 ( @entity10747 ), and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). Each strategy is associated with differing accuracy for different diseases, as well as when comparing diagnosis and staging of illness. In addition, each strategy is associated with other benefits and limitations. For example, EUS is often less expensive and more readily available relative to other imaging modalities like CT, PET and MRI, but CT, PET and MRI allow for visualization of a larger area compared with EUS. Also, the amount of radiation exposure, and need for contrast media, differs between each modality. Lastly, these imaging modalities may be complementary to one another, for example, using EUS to minimize exposure to the more invasive @entity10747 in @entity1 with @entity656 . The purpose of this review was to evaluate the evidence for clinical effectiveness, safety, and cost effectiveness of EUS compared to other imaging modalities including CT, MRI, PET, or @entity10747 .

title: Endoscopic Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of @entity5 in Adult @entity1 with XXXX : A Review of the Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-effectiveness and Safety

entities_list: @entity10747 :: ('MESH:D012183', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography', 'ERCP']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['gastroentological disease', 'gastroenterological diseases']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute biliary pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Identification of cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Gastroenterological or Oncological Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND:: Nonevoked @entity158 is most problematic for postoperative @entity1 . Physicians assess this form of @entity158 using the @entity1 visual analog scale or verbal numeric rating scale. Recent studies have proposed that spontaneous foot-lifting (SFL) behaviors are an expression of @entity158 in animals after @entity3510 or adjuvant-induced @entity32 . In the current study, we characterize @entity146 in a @entity35 model of acute @entity282 , which includes comparisons with evoked behaviors to analgesic treatments. METHODS:: SFL was manually recorded over four 5-minute periods with 10-minute intervals between each testing session. Paw-withdrawal thresholds were subsequently measured with an electronic von Frey esthesiometer. To evaluate the effects of age, @entity35 were tested in different age groups: 2, 7, and >26 months. The effects of @entity4783 and @entity1286 were tested in a separate group of animals, which received intraperitoneal injections of saline, @entity1286 (0.01, 0.1, 1, or 2 mg/kg), or @entity4783 (0.001, 0.01, or 0.1 mg/kg) before testing. RESULTS:: @entity146 peaked at 3 hours after incision and significantly recovered by the 3rd or 4th postoperative day (P < 0.0001). The presentation of these behaviors did not significantly vary with animal age (2, 7, and >26 months old; P = 0.30). @entity146 , with the exception of rapid SFL at 3 hours after incision, did not show significant correlation with paw-withdrawal threshold behaviors. The median effective dose of @entity4783 for reversal of mechanical @entity1931 (0.0452 mg/kg; 95% CI, 0.0259-0.0787) was significantly larger than for reversing rapid (0.0027 mg/kg; 95% CI, 0.0009-0.0083; P < 0.0001) and prolonged (0.0004 mg/kg, 95% CI, 0.0000, 0.0035; P = 0.001) SFL at 3 hours after incision. Similarly, the median effective dose of @entity1286 for reversal of mechanical @entity146 (2.901 mg/kg; 95% CI, 1.132-7.436) was larger than for SFL count (0.4044 mg/kg; 95% CI, 0.1048-1.561; P = 0.0103) and SFL duration (0.0309 mg/kg; 95% CI, 0.0095-0.0998; P < 0.0001) at 3 hours after incision. CONCLUSIONS:: The present study demonstrates that a @entity1411 induces @entity146 in @entity35 and that these behaviors have higher bioassay sensitivity to analgesic interventions with @entity1286 and @entity4783 compared with mechanically evoked behaviors.

title: Spontaneous @entity158 -Like Behaviors Are More Sensitive to @entity1286 and @entity4783 Than Mechanically Evoked Behaviors in a @entity35 Model of Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['SFL behaviors', 'hypersensitivity behaviors']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['hindpaw plantar incision']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'spontaneous pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['Postoperative Pain']


abstract: The aim of this article was to delineate the characteristics of @entity890 ( @entity890 ) in @entity1 with exacerbation of symptoms caused by spinal manipulative therapy (SMT). The main emphasis should be on the prevention of this condition by identifying relevant risk factors. Detailed clinico-radiological profiles of a total number of 10 @entity890 @entity1 with exacerbation of presentation after SMT were reviewed. All the @entity1 underwent neurological and magnetic resonance imaging examinations. Laminectomy and discectomy were performed, and follow-up was carried out in all @entity1 . The duration of symptoms in the @entity1 before SMT was 4-15 years. After the therapy, an @entity615 was observed within 24h. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that L4-L5 was the most frequently affected level observed (7 @entity1 ), and each @entity1 had a large disc fragment in the spinal canal. The disc fragments were classified into 3 types according to their localizations. The time internal between the exacerbation of presentation and surgery was 23.1 days. No perioperative complications were noted. All the @entity1 were relieved of @entity158 a few days after surgery. During postoperative follow-up, all @entity1 regained the ability to walk; one @entity1 received catheterization for 1 month and another for 6 months. Eight @entity1 reported a complete resolution of presentation and the rest 2 @entity1 were significantly improved. SMT should be prohibited in some @entity890 @entity1 to prevent @entity16 , in whom there are 5 possible risk factors. Surgical results for these @entity1 are encouraging.

title: Characteristics of XXXX with exacerbation of presentation due to spinal manipulative therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological damages']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['acute exacerbation of back and radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation', 'LDH']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['lumbar disc herniation']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1412 ( @entity1412 )-associated @entity765 ( @entity765 ) is sometimes life threatening. However, the optimal treatment for DTs has not been established. The aim of this study was to analyze the outcomes of surgical and pharmacological treatments for @entity765 in Japanese @entity1412 @entity1 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 303 @entity1 who underwent colectomy for @entity1412 between 2000 and 2012. We analyzed 41 @entity1 with DTs in which the location was apparent. The selection of treatment for @entity1320 was also evaluated according to Church's classification. RESULTS: Surgery was frequently used to treat extra-abdominal DTs. Multimodal treatments, including surgery, and the administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hormonal therapy, and chemotherapy were widely used for @entity1320 . The most effective pharmacological treatment was cytotoxic chemotherapy, which was associated with a response rate of 45.5% and a disease control rate of 72.7%. After a median follow-up period of 53.0 months, the 5-year @entity765 -specific survival rate in @entity1 with stage IV disease was 71.4%; in contrast, the rate in @entity1 with other stages was 100%. Four-stage IV @entity1 died of @entity765 due to uncontrollable rapid progression. No cytotoxic chemotherapy was administered; however, incomplete resection was performed in three cases. CONCLUSION: Our findings will provide clues that may help physicians in selecting the optimal strategy for this rare disease.

title: The treatment of @entity765 associated with XXXX : the results of a Japanese multicenter observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['desmoid tumor', 'DT']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['Familial adenomatous polyposis', 'FAP']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal DTs']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Identification of @entity1 most likely to benefit from salvage radiotherapy (RT) using postoperative (postop) @entity1486 (PSA) kinetics. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 1984 to 2004, 81 @entity1 who fit the following criteria formed the study population: undetectable PSA after radical prostatectomy (RP); pathologically negative nodes; biochemical relapse defined as a persistently detectable PSA; salvage RT; and two or more postop PSAs available before salvage RT. Salvage RT included the whole pelvic nodes in 55 @entity1 and 4 months of total @entity342 suppression in 56 @entity1 . The median follow-up was >5 years. All relapses were defined as a persistently detectable PSA. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards multivariable analysis were performed for all clinical, pathological, and treatment factors predicting for biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS). RESULTS: There were 37 biochemical relapses observed after salvage RT. The 5-year bRFS after salvage RT for @entity1 with postop @entity1486 velocity < or = 1 vs. >1 ng/ml/yr was 59% vs. 29%, p = 0.002. In multivariate analysis, only postop PSAV (p = 0.0036), pre-RT PSA level < or = 1 (p = 0.037) and interval-to-relapse >10 months (p = 0.012) remained significant, whereas @entity530 , hormone therapy, and RT dose showed a trend (p = approximately 0.06). PSAV, but not @entity1486 doubling time, predicted successful salvage RT, suggesting an association of zero-order kinetics with locally recurrent disease. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative PSA velocity independently predicts for the failure of salvage RT and can be considered in addition to high-risk features when selecting @entity1 in need of systemic therapy following biochemical failure after RP. For well-selected @entity1 , salvage RT can achieve high cure rates.

title: Postoperative XXXX velocity independently predicts for failure of salvage radiotherapy after prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic RT']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate-specific antigen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity30 ( @entity30 ) cases have been increasing and prolonged cases are now frequent. In addition, in Japan, more cases with concomitant @entity5 have also recently been reported. There is a particularly high risk of @entity5 occurring simultaneously in the lower rectum and the anal area. @entity1 AND METHODS: Two-hundred and eighty-six @entity1 with @entity30 had undergone surgery at this department, up to December, 2005. We studied @entity5 concomitant with @entity30 , based on empirical examples. RESULTS: Thirteen (4.5%) were cases concomitant with @entity5 : six @entity1 had @entity14 , 1 had @entity4303 , 1 had @entity5 , 1 had uterine @entity5 , 1 had @entity259 , 1 had @entity1489 and 2 had @entity3052 . Regarding the seven cases other than @entity14 , they were all juvenile @entity1 under the age of 50, except for the @entity5 case (69 years of age). Among the 6 cases of @entity14 , 5 cases were @entity5 and 1 was @entity5 . The average age was 42.8 years (30-54 years) and the average term from @entity30 occurrence to @entity5 diagnosis was 208 months (69-387 months). The one case with @entity5 was @entity5 which did not recur after surgery. The five cases of @entity5 were advanced, with invasion of the adjacent organs and 2 of them were unresectable. Four cases were of the infiltrative type, and regarding the histological findings, 4 cases were @entity5 with mucous production and 1 case was a poorly-differentiated @entity8703 . Four cases had a history of anal @entity292 , but there was no clear causal relationship. CONCLUSION: In Japan, prolonged @entity30 cases have been increasing and more and more cases of @entity5 with concomitant @entity30 have been reported. There is a particularly high risk of @entity5 occurring simultaneously in the lower rectum and the anal area. Therefore, careful observation, taking all appropriate diagnostic surveillance modalities into consideration, is thus believed to be important in order to achieve an early detection of such @entity5 .

title: Study of @entity14 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal cancer', 'lower rectal cancer', 'intramucosal cancer', 'malignant disease', 'cancer', 'malignant diseases', 'stomach cancer']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity8703 :: ('MESH:D004701', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine tumor']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Biodiesel production using cyanobacteria is a promising alternative to fossil fuels. In this study we created a transposon library of @entity14221 in order to identify novel gene targets for enhanced @entity844 and @entity7294 production. The transposon library was subsequently screened for desirable traits using macro- and microscopic observations as well as staining with the lipophilic dye Nile Red. RESULTS: Based on the screening results, we selected a single mutant, which has an insertion in the gene encoding for the @entity3007 -binding protein Era. We subsequently verified the phenotype-genotype relation by overexpression, reintroducing and complementing the mutation. Overexpression of era caused a reduction in the cell size in the late exponential phase of growth and an increase in the total amount of intracellular @entity1718 . Reintroduction of the inactivated transposon caused a significant increase in the cellular length as well as changes in the amounts of individual @entity9436 and @entity1718 . Ectopic complementation of this mutation fully restored the @entity7294 production profile to that of wild-type and partially restored the @entity844 production. Moreover, the cellular size was significantly smaller than that of the inactivated transposon mutant. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity3007 -binding protein Era has never been studied in cyanobacteria and proved to be an essential gene for @entity14221 . We also found that this protein is important for @entity7294 and @entity844 metabolism as well as determination of the cell size in @entity14221 . Our results suggest that the @entity3007 -binding protein Era can be used as a novel target for further improvement of biofuel precursors production.

title: XXXX -binding protein Era: a novel gene target for biofuel production.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity7294 :: ('CHEBI:24632', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbon']

entities_list: @entity9436 :: ('MESH:D006838', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity14221 :: ('1140', 'Species') :: ['Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942', 'S. elongatus PCC 7942', 'PCC 7942']

answer: @entity3007 :: (MESH:D006160,Chemical) :: ['GTP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Membrane microdomains are defined as highly dynamic, @entity5068 - and @entity8483 -enriched domains that resist to solubilization by non-ionic detergents. In plants, these so-called Detergent Insoluble Membrane (DIM) fractions have been isolated from plasma membrane by using conventional ultracentrifugation on density gradient (G). In animals, a rapid (R) protocol, based on sedimentation at low speed, which avoids the time-consuming @entity969 gradient, has also been developed to recover DIMs from microsomes as starting material. In the current study, we sought to compare the ability of the Rapid protocol versus the Gradient one for isolating DIMs directly from microsomes of @entity4166 roots. For that purpose, Triton X-100 detergent-insoluble fractions recovered with the two methods were analyzed and compared for their @entity5068 / @entity8483 content and proteome profiles. RESULTS: Inferred from @entity5068 enrichment, presence of typical @entity8483 long-chain bases from plants and canonical DIM protein markers, the possibility to prepare DIMs from @entity4166 root microsomes was confirmed both for the Rapid and Gradient protocols. Contrary to sphingolipids, the @entity5068 and protein profiles of DIMs were found to depend on the method used. Namely, DIM fractions were differentially enriched in @entity64675 and only shared 39% of common proteins as assessed by GeLC- @entity15 / @entity15 profiling. Quantitative analysis of protein indicated that each purification procedure generated a specific subset of DIM-enriched proteins from Medicago root microsomes. Remarkably, these two proteomes were found to display specific cellular localizations and biological functions. In silico analysis of membrane-associative features within R- and G-enriched proteins, relative to microsomes, showed that the most noticeable difference between the two proteomes corresponded to an increase in the proportion of predicted signal peptide-containing proteins after sedimentation (R) compared to its decrease after floatation (G), suggesting that secreted proteins likely contribute to the specificity of the R-DIM proteome. CONCLUSIONS: Even though microsomes were used as initial material, we showed that the protein composition of the G-DIM fraction still mostly mirrored that of plasmalemma-originating DIMs conventionally retrieved by floatation. In parallel, the possibility to isolate by low speed sedimentation DIM fractions that seem to target the late secretory pathway supports the existence of plant microdomains in other organelles.

title: Direct purification of detergent-insoluble membranes from XXXX root microsomes: comparison between floatation and sedimentation.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity8483 :: ('CHEBI:26739', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingolipid']

entities_list: @entity64675 :: ('MESH:C031312', 'Chemical') :: ['spinasterol']

answer: @entity4166 :: (3880,Species) :: ['Medicago truncatula']


abstract: @entity1031 ( @entity1031 ) is a relatively common disease with acute risk of @entity204 and potential long-term consequences in term of @entity2979 or @entity120 . Anticoagulant therapy is the basic therapeutic procedure; thrombolytic therapy and the introduction cava filter are appropriately indicated for individual cases. In past few years, new direct oral anticoagulant drugs (NOAC) have occurred - Xa factor or thrombin inhibitors which have demonstrated the same efficacy and even higher safety in comparison to conventional treatment. In mid 2014, 3 drugs of this group are registered in Czech Republic - @entity3925 (Xarelto  ), @entity3926 (Pradaxa  ) and @entity5424 (Eliquis  ). These drugs have comparable efficacy and safety but they differ in schedule of dose administration. @entity3925 and @entity5424 can be administered immediately after diagnosis of @entity49 or hemodynamically stable @entity1151 . LMWH application has to precede few days the administration of @entity3926 . Limitation of new drugs is their price. Unavailability of antidotes is temporary because current researches continue to find one for @entity3926 and another for both of xabans. Duration of anticoagulant treatment after acute phase depends on the presence of @entity715 risk factors and the individual bleeding risk. Minimal duration of anticoagulant therapy is 3 months, commonly 6-12 months and in high risk @entity1 it is "long term" treatment. Good results of new anticoagulant drugs in trials in term of @entity1031 recurrence prevention may change established habits in @entity1031 @entity1 with long term treatment. KEYWORDS: anticoagulant therapy - @entity5424 - @entity3926 - deep vein @entity715 - new direct oral anticoagulants - @entity3925 .

title: [Extended options of anticoagulant treatment in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['Rivaroxaban', 'rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'Thromboembolic disease', 'TD']

entities_list: @entity5424 :: ('MESH:C522181', 'Chemical') :: ['apixaban']

entities_list: @entity2979 :: ('MESH:D054070', 'Disease') :: ['postthrombotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolism']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify an indicator that can predict @entity5 cell spread beyond the uterine corpus. METHODS: We studied clinicopathology and immunohistochemistry of 12 cases of PSTT. Two cases of @entity3567 ( @entity3567 ) were included as reference cases. For immunohistochemistry, antibodies against Ki-67, @entity876 , @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), @entity1 placental lactogen ( @entity4151 ), @entity10580 ( @entity10580 , polyclonal antibodies; pCEA), @entity29916 ( @entity29916 ), and @entity588 were used. PSTT cases were divided as confined and non-confined groups (CG and NCG, respectively). CG consisted of stage I cases with no evidence of recurrence during the follow-up, while NCG consisted of either advanced (stage II or higher) or recurrent stage I lesions. RESULTS: Age, the interval from the latest pregnancy, serum hCG/ @entity4151 levels, @entity5 size, mitotic figures, Ki-67 labeling indices, and @entity588 did not discriminate NCG from CG. @entity29916 and @entity10580 -related antigens as determined by polyclonal anti- @entity10580 antibodies were specifically stained in PSTT cells, but they could not discriminate groups. @entity876 was positive in PSTT cells in NCG (6/6, 100%), while it was positive in only one case of CG (1/6, 16.7%), indicating a possible usefulness of @entity876 immunostaining in predicting an invasive or recurrent propensity of PSTT cells (p=0.015). CONCLUSIONS: This finding also suggests the importance of @entity876 function in the biology of PSTT cells.

title: Impact of XXXX immunostaining in predicting advanced or recurrent placental site trophoblastic tumors: a study of 12 cases.

entities_list: @entity29916 :: ('634', 'Gene') :: ['CEACAM1', 'carcinoembryonic antigen-related cellular adhesion molecule 1']

entities_list: @entity10580 :: ('1048', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity3567 :: ('MESH:D014328', 'Disease') :: ['ETT', 'epithelioid trophoblastic tumor']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: AIMS: To compare treatment satisfaction among @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 receiving dulaglutide 1.5   mg and dulaglutide 0.75   mg (a once-weekly, long-acting, @entity8142 agonist) with those receiving either exenatide or placebo (AWARD-1 study) or @entity2449 (AWARD-3 study) over 52   weeks. METHODS: The @entity6 Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire status version (DTSQs) and change version (DTSQc) were used to evaluate total treatment satisfaction and perceived frequency of hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia. RESULTS: In the AWARD-1 study, significant improvements from baseline were observed in total DTSQs score for both @entity48142 doses (26 and 52   weeks) and exenatide (26   weeks). The improvement was significantly greater with both dulaglutide doses compared with placebo (26   weeks) and exenatide (26 and 52   weeks). The perceived frequency of hyperglycaemia was lower for all groups at 26 and 52   weeks compared with baseline. The improvement was greater with both dulaglutide doses and exenatide compared with placebo at 26   weeks, and was also greater with both dulaglutide doses compared with exenatide at 26 and 52   weeks. The exenatide group had an increase in perceived frequency of hypoglycaemia at 26 and 52   weeks. In the AWARD-3 study, significant improvements from baseline were observed for total DTSQs scores in all groups at 26 and 52   weeks. Perceived frequency of hyperglycaemia was lower for all groups at 26 and 52   weeks compared with baseline, and this improvement was greater with both dulaglutide doses compared with @entity2449 at 52   weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Dulaglutide was associated with improvements in treatment satisfaction and a decrease in perceived frequency of hyperglycaemia.

title: Treatment satisfaction in XXXX with @entity6 treated with once-weekly dulaglutide: data from the AWARD-1 and AWARD-3 clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

entities_list: @entity8142 :: ('2740', 'Gene') :: ['glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor']

entities_list: @entity48142 :: ('MESH:C555680', 'Chemical') :: ['dulaglutide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: Whether upper limb sensorimotor control is affected in @entity161 and how underlying pathological mechanisms may potentially intervene in these deficits is still being debated. We tested voluntary force control in @entity161 @entity1 and used a computational model in order to elucidate potential cerebral mechanisms underlying @entity51 in @entity161 . A visuomotor @entity10339 force-tracking task was performed by 17 medicated and 6 non-medicated @entity1 with @entity161 (DSM-IV) and by 15 healthy controls. Target forces in the ramp-hold-and-release paradigm were set to 5 N and to 10% maximal voluntary @entity10339 force. Force trajectory was analyzed by performance measures and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A computational model incorporating neural control signals was used to replicate the empirically observed motor behavior and to explore underlying neural mechanisms. @entity10339 task performance was significantly lower in medicated and non-medicated @entity161 @entity1 compared to controls. Three behavioral variables were significantly higher in both @entity1 groups: tracking error (by 50%), coefficient of variation of force (by 57%) and duration of force release (up by 37%). Behavioral performance did not differ between @entity1 groups. Computational simulation successfully replicated these findings and predicted that decreased motor inhibition, together with an increased signal-dependent motor noise, are sufficient to explain the observed motor deficits in @entity1 . PCA also suggested altered motor inhibition as a key factor differentiating @entity1 from control subjects: the principal component representing inhibition correlated with clinical severity. These findings show that @entity161 affects voluntary sensorimotor control of the hand independent of medication, and suggest that reduced motor inhibition and increased signal-dependent motor noise likely reflect key pathological mechanisms of the sensorimotor deficit.

title: Deficient @entity10339 force control in XXXX : behavioral and modeling evidence for altered motor inhibition and motor noise.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['sensorimotor deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The seeds of Macrotyloma uniflorum Lam. (Family Fabaceae) contain extractable total and tannins with reported hepatoprotective, hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant activity. In this study, dietary M. uniflorum seed, methanolic and acetone extracts (ME and AE) were examined for their bile-antilithogenic potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity19 fed with 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid lithogenic (LG) diet for 8 weeks resulted in cholesterol super saturation in gallbladder bile, which promotes the formation of @entity5990 ( @entity5990 ). RESULTS: AE reduced the CGS incidence by 60.21%, and serum total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), very low density lipoprotein (LDL) and LDL compared to control animals. Seed extracts at 300 mg/kg dose markedly reduced biliary cholesterol (BC) and decreased bile salt content. The ratio of BC to phospholipid which was 2.64 in the LG diet group was reduced to 1.57-1.35 in the M. uniflorum seed extracts treated groups. Liver cholesterol and TG were decreased significantly by feeding of ME and AE at 300 mg/kg dose. AE significantly reversed the changes in apolipoproteins A-I and C-II level disturbed by LG diet. CONCLUSIONS: M. uniflorum seed exerted antilithogenic influence by decreasing the cholesterol hyper-secretion into bile and increasing the bile acid output, thus decreasing the formation of LG bile in @entity19 . The effect was maximum in the AE as it also reduced papillary proliferation of @entity1560 . The potential antilithogenic effect of the AE of M. uniflorum may be due to antioxidant property of its rich total polyphenol and tannins content.

title: The effect of Macrotyloma uniflorum seed on bile lithogenicity against diet induced cholelithiasis on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder and fatty degeneration of the liver']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['cholesterol gallstones', 'CGSs']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the close link between cigarette smoking and the development of @entity356 , little is known about the effects of cigarette smoking on surgical outcomes after @entity356 surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate whether preoperative smoking status and the duration of smoking cessation were associated with short-term surgical consequences in @entity356 surgery. METHODS: Among 1,489 consecutive @entity1 , 1,335 @entity1 who underwent curative radical gastrectomy at the Samsung Medical Center between January and December 2009 were included in the present study. The smoking status was determined using questionnaires before surgery. Smokers were divided into four groups according to the duration of smoking cessation preoperatively (<2, 2-4, 4-8, and >8  weeks). The primary endpoint was @entity260 (wound, lung, leakage, and @entity548 ); secondary endpoints were 3-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: Five hundred twenty-two @entity1 (39.1  %) were smokers. Smokers had a significantly higher overall incidence of @entity260 than nonsmokers (12.3 vs. 5.2  %, P  <  0.001, respectively), especially in @entity73 , @entity358 , and leakage. Smokers also had more severe complications than nonsmokers. After adjusting for other risk factors, the odds ratio (95  % CI) for the development of @entity260 in the subgroups who stopped smoking <2  weeks, 2-4, 4-8, and >8  weeks preoperatively were 3.35 (1.92-5.83), 0.99 (0.22-4.38), 2.18 (1.00-4.76), and 1.32 (0.70-2.48), respectively, compared with the nonsmokers. There were no significant differences in 3-year @entity1349 (P  =  0.884) and @entity1349 (P  =  0.258) between smokers and nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative smoking cessation for at least 2  weeks will help to reduce the incidence of @entity260 in @entity356 surgery.

title: Preoperative smoking cessation can reduce XXXX in @entity356 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired wound healing']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary problems']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'recurrence-free survival', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative complications']


abstract: In this study of 23 hypopituitary @entity1 and 26 healthy controls, we have addressed whether the @entity28 state of substituted hypopituitary @entity1 is facilitated by abnormal sympathoadrenal activity or energy expenditure (EE). All @entity1 received adequate substitution therapy including GH therapy. The investigation program included assessment of sympathoadrenal activity (urinary @entity2661 ), body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), appetite sensations (visual analog scale), and EE (indirect calorimetry in respiration chamber). Twenty-four-hour urinary @entity1425 adjusted for lean body mass and fat mass was significantly lower in @entity1 compared with controls. GH and @entity701 were single negative predictors of urinary @entity1425 . The major determinants of EE in @entity1 were lean body mass and fat mass, explaining 96, 95, and 80% of the variance in 24-h EE, sleeping EE, and basal metabolic rate, respectively. Addition of urinary @entity2661 explained another 1-4% of the variance in 24-h EE and basal metabolic rate, respectively. Lean @entity1 exhibited significantly more hunger than @entity28 @entity1 and lean controls. In conclusion, hypopituitary @entity1 have lower sympathoadrenal activity but normal EE, compared with healthy controls. This may reflect a @entity149 in @entity4614 , however the possible impact of long-term GH and @entity701 treatment requires further attention.

title: Abnormal sympathoadrenal activity, but normal energy expenditure in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['central defect']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity4614 :: (MESH:D007018,Disease) :: ['hypopituitarism']


abstract: The effects of @entity519 on gene transcription are mainly mediated by a transcription factor complex termed @entity519 -inducible factor (HIF). Genetic manipulation of animals and studies of @entity1 with rare @entity74 have shown that modifying the HIF pathway affects systems-level physiological responses to @entity519 . It is, however, an open question whether variations in systems-level responses to @entity519 between individuals could arise from variations within the HIF system. This study sought to determine whether variations in the responsiveness of the HIF system at the cellular level could be detected between normal individuals. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were isolated on three separate occasions from each of 10 healthy volunteers. After exposure of PBL to eight different @entity26 tensions ranging from 20% to 0.1%, the expression levels of four HIF-regulated transcripts involved in different biological pathways were measured. The profile of expression of all four transcripts in PBL was related to @entity26 tension in a curvilinear manner. Double logarithmic transformation of these data resulted in a linear relationship that allowed the response to be parameterized through a gradient and intercept. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) on these parameters showed that the level of between-subject variation in the gradients of the responses that was common across all four HIF-regulated transcripts was significant (P = 0.008). We conclude that statistically significant variation within the cellular response to @entity519 can be detected between normal @entity1 . The common nature of the variability across all four HIF-regulated genes suggests that the source of this variation resides within the HIF system itself.

title: Variations within XXXX -regulated gene expression in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disease']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of superior peripheral iridotomy versus inferior peripheral iridotomy in the treatment of primary @entity2747 (PACG) in phakic @entity1 . METHODS: In this randomized, prospective, paired-eye comparative study, @entity1 with primary angle closure or primary angle-closure suspects were recruited and randomized to receive @entity3278 -doped yttrium @entity3775 garnet (Nd:YAG) @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) superiorly in one eye and inferiorly in the other eye. @entity1 were masked to the location of treatment in each eye. The main outcome measures were patency of iridotomy, intraocular pressure (IOP), complications and visual symptoms at each postoperative visit during a 1 year follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 164 @entity1 were recruited, of whom 150 (91.46%) completed the study. The mean age was 58.85        6.4 years. Average IOP measurements before @entity1897 was 22.85        7.53 and 23.62        8.32 in superior @entity1897 and inferior @entity2194 respectively. After @entity1897 , average IOP was 25.14        2.73 and 20.97        2.72 in superior @entity1897 and inferior @entity2194 respectively. Inferior LPIs required less use of mean total laser energy to perforate the tissue (p   =   .05) and resulted in a significantly lower incidence of @entity548 at the time of treatment (p   =   .004), lower IOP elevation following treatment (p   =   .002), lower incidence of focal @entity16 (p   =   .002) and a lower post-laser @entity5890 (p   =   .04). All the 300 iridotomies were patent at 12 month follow up. CONCLUSION: The inferior @entity1897 appeared to be an efficient method of preventing @entity616 with fewer complications. @entity227 following inferior @entity1897 are similar to superior @entity1897 .

title: Efficacy of @entity3278 -doped yttrium XXXX garnet laser iridotomies in primary angle-closure diseases: superior peripheral iridotomy versus inferior peripheral iridotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3278 :: ('MESH:D009354', 'Chemical') :: ['neodymium']

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual symptoms']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['iris bleeding']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['corneal damage']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['laser peripheral iridotomy', 'LPI']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['angle-closure glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['pupil block']

answer: @entity3775 :: (MESH:D000535,Chemical) :: ['aluminum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5892 associated with aneurysmal @entity510 is an uncommon event rarely described in the literature. We report here a case and summarize the problems in the management of this @entity1 . CASE DESCRIPTION: A 48-year-old female suffered from two episodes of severe @entity10 and @entity391 7 days before and on the day of admission. She was deeply somnolent with mild paresis of her right leg. Computed tomography (CT) scans revealed @entity510 and a left parietal subcortical @entity548 area. A cerebral angiogram demonstrated an anterior communicating @entity438 . The angiographic late venous phase showed nonopacification of the cortical veins on the @entity548 area compatible with @entity5892 . She underwent successful @entity439 clipping combined with moderate systemic anticoagulation. After 7 days of gradual clinical improvement she presented acute bilateral cerebral herniation signs and died 48 hours later. CT scan showed a generalized @entity4 . Postmortem examination confirmed the correct occlusion of the @entity1756 sac and the presence of a postthrombotic subcortical @entity548 as well as a complete obstruction of the superior sagittal sinus extended into both transverse sinus. CONCLUSIONS: The fatal outcome with the documented extended @entity715 , despite careful anticoagulation therapy, indicates the necessity of closely meshed follow-up studies examining the sinus patency in such complicated cases with associated pathology.

title: @entity5892 associated with aneurysmal XXXX : implications for treatment.

entities_list: @entity5892 :: ('MESH:D020767', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral vein thrombosis', 'cerebral vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic', 'left parietal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse basal subarachnoid bleeding', 'subarachnoid bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['brain swelling']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid bleeding']


abstract: The objective of this clinical study was to determine the predictability of endosseous implant placed in a maxillary sinus augmented with deproteinized @entity291 bone (Bio-Oss). A total of 185 implants (109 @entity702 and 76 @entity692 -coated) were placed in 77 @entity1 representing 92 sinuses either a one- or two-stage surgical technique. A mixture of venous @entity1 's blood and Bio-Oss was used alone within 20 sinuses (Group 1), or in combination with autogenous bone within 72 sinuses (Group 2). Thirty-nine implants were placed in Group 1 and 147 implants were inserted in Group 2. The grafted sinuses were evaluated clinically and radiographically at second stage surgery. According to certain criteria, of the implants placed, only two @entity702 implants (1.08%) failed with 98.91% implant survival. There was no statistically variable difference for the use of @entity692 -coated or @entity702 implants. The two failed implants were from Group 2. No clinical benefit has been achieved from the combination with autogenous bone (P<0.05). All the grafted sinuses were sufficient to place dental implants of at least 12 mm length (100% graft success). The results of this short-term study support the hypothesis that Bio-Oss can be a suitable material for sinus augmentation.

title: Maxillary sinus augmentation with deproteinized @entity291 bone (Bio-Oss) and Impladent dental implant system. Part II. Evaluation of deprotienized XXXX bone (Bio-Oss) and implant surface.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: PROBLEM: @entity131 ( @entity131 ) is a major cause of @entity302 . We need to understand its frequency and its contribution to the total spectrum of the @entity410 . METHODS: A review of selected articles dealing with @entity302 after @entity131 was undertaken. RESULTS: The number of epidemiologic studies of posttraumatic @entity410 has increased substantially over the past 40-50 years, offering steadily increasing knowledge of the frequency, natural history, and risk factors of this well-recognized complication of @entity131 . In general, the incidence of posttraumatic @entity410 varies with the time period after injury and population age range under study, as well as the spectrum of severity of the inciting @entity130 , and has been reported to be anywhere from 4 to 53%. As high as 86% of @entity1 with one @entity410 after @entity131 will have a second in the next 2 years. Longer-term remission rates of 25-40% have been reported. Significant risk factors for the development of @entity410 in the first week after injury include acute @entity1779 (especially subdural @entity1410 ), younger age, increased @entity8638 . Significant risk factors for the development of @entity410 >1 week after @entity131 include @entity410 within the first week, acute intra-cerebral @entity1410 (especially subdural @entity1410 ), @entity131 , @entity130 severity, and age >65 years at the time of injury. CONCLUSIONS: @entity302 is a frequent consequence of @entity1545 in both civilian and military populations. We understand some factors associated with its development, but there remain many unanswered questions.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX : a critical review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['brain trauma', 'TBI', 'brain contusion', 'Traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'convulsive disorders']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['injury severity, and chronic alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hematoma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'increased injury']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['posttraumatic epilepsy']


abstract: We investigated the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 (STEC) in 568 healthy domestic animals (buffaloes, @entity291 , and @entity1237 ) from 98 farms in the central region of Vietnam. The aims of this study were to determine if the prevalence of STEC in South East Asia is similar to that in other parts of the world, to characterize the virulence gene profiles from the recovered STEC and to determine if the recovered STEC belong to serotypes commonly associated with @entity1 disease. STEC and intimin-positive strains were recovered from 27% of buffaloes, 23% of @entity291 , and 38.5% of @entity1237 . Seventy percent of buffalo farms, 60% of @entity291 farms and 100% @entity1237 farms were positive for STEC. Of 170 STEC strains, 99 carried both stx1 and @entity5857 genes, 36 carried the @entity5857 gene, and 35 carried the stx1 gene. The eae gene was found in six @entity36323 isolates, but not in buffalo or @entity291 isolates. Among 173 @entity526 strains (170 STEC and 3 intimin-positive), 110 carried the @entity47409 gene, 106 possessed the @entity53358 gene. Further characterization of stx subtypes demonstrated that among 134 stx1-containing isolates, 107 belonged to the stx1c subtype and 27 were the stx1 subtype. Of the 132 @entity5857 -containing isolates, 36 were @entity5857 , 34 were stx2c, 43 were stx2d subtype, 3 belonged to stx2g, and 16 strains were stx2d(act). The stx2c variant was dominant in strains isolated from buffalo while the stx2d variant occurred more frequently in caprine isolates. Only 9 (5%) STEC strains contained genes encoding for serotypes O26, O91, O121, O145, and O157 @entity558 , which are more frequently associated with @entity1 @entity281 . The results of this study provide data for understanding of epidemiology of STEC among domestic animals in Vietnam and indicate that buffaloes are also an important reservoir of STEC.

title: Prevalence and genetic profiles of Shiga toxin-producing XXXX strains isolated from buffaloes, @entity291 , and @entity1237 in central Vietnam.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The prognostic value of @entity955 ( @entity955 ) in @entity712 ( @entity712 ) remains controversial. We sought to study the prognostic value of @entity955 in a prospective cohort and to characterize the @entity712 @entity1 with @entity955 . KaRen was a prospective, multicenter, international, observational study intended to characterize @entity712 ; 538 @entity1 presenting with an acute @entity712 and a left ventricular EF  >  45% were included. EKG and echocardiogram performed 4-8  week following the index hospitalization were analyzed in core centers. Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of @entity1 in sinus rhythm vs. with documented @entity955 at enrolment (decompensated @entity712 ), upon their 4-8-week visit (in presumed stable clinical condition) and according to @entity1 ' cardiac history, were compared. The primary study endpoint was death from any cause or first hospitalization for decompensated @entity712 ( @entity712 ). A total of 413 @entity1 (32% in @entity955 ) were analyzed, with a mean follow-up period of 28  months. The @entity1 were primarily elderly individuals (mean age: 76.2  years), with a slight female predominance and a high prevalence of @entity65 . The baseline echocardiographic characteristics and the natriuretic peptide levels were indicative of a more severe @entity299 among the @entity1 with @entity955 . However, the @entity1 with @entity955 exhibited a similar survival-free interval compared with the @entity1 in sinus rhythm. In this elderly @entity712 population with a high prevalence of @entity65 , the presence of @entity955 was not associated with a worse prognosis despite impaired clinical and echocardiographic features.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00774709.

title: The prognostic significance of @entity955 in XXXX with preserved ejection function: insights from KaRen, a prospective and multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure with preserved ejection fraction', 'decompensated cardiac failure', 'heart failure', 'HFPEF']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart condition']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['non-cardiovascular comorbidities']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: The delivery of therapeutics to neural tissue is greatly hindered by the blood brain barrier (BBB). Direct local delivery via diffusive release from degradable implants or direct intra-cerebral injection can bypass the BBB and obtain high concentrations of the therapeutic in the targeted tissue, however the total volume of tissue that can be treated using these techniques is limited. One treatment modality that can potentially access large volumes of neural tissue in a single treatment is intra-arterial (IA) injection after osmotic blood brain barrier disruption. In this technique, the therapeutic of interest is injected directly into the arteries that feed the target tissue after the blood brain barrier has been disrupted by exposure to a hyperosmolar @entity2656 solution, permitting the transluminal transport of the therapy. In this work we used contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of IA injections in @entity19 to establish parameters that allow for extensive and reproducible BBB disruption. We found that the volume but not the flow rate of the @entity2656 injection has a significant effect on the degree of disruption. To determine whether the degree of disruption that we observed with this method was sufficient for delivery of nanoscale therapeutics, we performed IA injections of an adeno-associated viral vector containing the @entity64688 gene (AAVrh.10 @entity64688 ), which is mutated in the @entity2315 @entity12030 ( @entity12030 ). We demonstrated that IA injection of AAVrh.10 @entity64688 after BBB disruption can achieve widespread transgene production in the @entity19 brain after a single administration. Further, we showed that there exists a minimum threshold of BBB disruption necessary to permit the AAV.rh10 vector to pass into the brain parenchyma from the vascular system. These results suggest that IA administration may be used to obtain widespread delivery of nanoscale therapeutics throughout the @entity19 brain after a single administration.

title: Intra-arterial delivery of AAV vectors to the XXXX brain after @entity2656 mediated blood brain barrier disruption.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal storage disorder']

entities_list: @entity12030 :: ('MESH:D009472', 'Disease') :: ['Late Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis', 'LINCL']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: A 52-y-old @entity6 male developed severe @entity39 due to group G @entity4195 . A review of the English language literature revealed 8 additional cases. The mean age of the total of 9 cases was 65.5 y (range: 49-80 y) and the majority (n = 5; 55.6%) had no comorbid conditions. The duration of symptoms prior to presentation was 1-5 d (mean +/- SD = 2.5 +/- 1.5 d). Presenting manifestations were @entity4 with redness (6/6 cases; 100%), severe @entity158 (5/6 cases; 83.3%) and blister formation (3/6 cases; 50%); blisters developed eventually in 5/6 (88.3%) @entity1 . Muscle involvement was noted in 2 @entity1 (22.2%). Progression to @entity137 occurred in 3 cases (33.3%). The organism was isolated from the involved sites in all cases. @entity2259 was documented in 1/3 @entity1 . Treatment included antibiotics (n = 9) and varying degrees of surgical debridement (n = 8). The mortality rate was 33.3%; all @entity1 who died developed @entity137 . These findings illustrate that, similar to @entity4195 -induced @entity9156 , @entity39 due to group G @entity4195 can be severe and life-threatening. Early diagnosis, immediate surgical debridement and antibiotic therapy are essential in order to improve the outcome.

title: Clinical characteristics of @entity39 caused by group G XXXX : case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic shock-like syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus', 'Streptococcus pyogenes']

entities_list: @entity9156 :: ('MESH:D005208', 'Disease') :: ['fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['Bacteremia']

answer: @entity4195 :: (1314,Species) :: ['Streptococcus']


abstract: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) is considered to be a hepatic manifestation of @entity209 , and has been etiologically associated with insulin resistance (IR). The histopathology of @entity1561 ranges between simple steatosis and @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ), with or without @entity82 . The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of heparin on @entity1560 and hepatic-induced @entity842 synthase (iNOS) expression in @entity19 . Male @entity19 were divided into four groups, which included the normal basal diet (control), high fat (HF) diet, HF diet + heparin (treatment group) and heparin control groups. After eight weeks from the initiation of the experiment, blood was collected and livers were harvested for biochemical analysis and histological studies. Serum levels of @entity492 aminotransferase, @entity493 aminotransferase, hepatic @entity412 (TG) and @entity720 , as well as the IR, @entity224 anion generation and mRNA expression of the hepatic iNOS enzyme were evaluated. Liver specimens were processed for histopathological and immunohistopathological evaluation. Heparin administration decreased the levels of the liver enzymes, IR, @entity224 generation, hepatic TG, @entity720 and iNOS expression when compared with the HF diet group. These changes were associated with an improvement in @entity32 and @entity82 observed via histopathological examination. Therefore, heparin treatment attenuates @entity99 in @entity1560 .

title: Heparin modulation on hepatic XXXX synthase in experimental @entity1560 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'NASH', 'Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease', 'nonalcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: @entity83 are benign cartilaginous @entity5 and rarely transform into @entity511 . Curettage is usually performed, and a low rate of complications is assumed. We analysed retrospectively data from 73 @entity1 with @entity83 treated by curettage with respect to symptoms, therapy, complications and recurrences. All @entity1 were treated by curettage of the @entity5 , in most cases followed by cancellous bone grafting. Twenty-three percent of the @entity1 presented a complication. There were two recurrences but no malignant transformations in the follow-up period. During the same time period 29 @entity1 with @entity511 were treated, including two secondary @entity511 . One had a recurrence of a benign @entity83 of the metacarpal and developed a pulmonary metastasis from a @entity511 . The other was a @entity1 with @entity6446 who had a secondary @entity511 of the radius. @entity5 to a @entity511 is rare. On the other hand the complication rate of @entity83 curettage is considerable. Regular radiological follow-up of asymptomatic @entity83 may therefore be the better option.

title: XXXX : is radiographic follow-up sufficient in @entity1 with asymptomatic lesions?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma', 'chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity83 :: ('MESH:D002812', 'Disease') :: ['enchondroma', 'Enchondromas', 'enchondromas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant transformation of a solitary enchondroma', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity6446 :: ('MESH:D004687', 'Disease') :: ["Ollier's disease"]

answer: @entity83 :: (MESH:D002812,Disease) :: ['Solitary enchondromas']


abstract: A best evidence topic in cardiac surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was 'Which stages of @entity704 benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy post thymectomy?' Altogether more than 150 papers were found using the reported search, of which only eight represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, @entity1 group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated; these studies have mainly reported the survival and recurrence rates of post-thymectomy @entity1 who received adjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, and adjuvant radiotherapy alone was only used in a small group of @entity1 in these studies. We did not find any randomized controlled trials comparing adjuvant chemotherapy with chemo/radiotherapy and, due to a very small incidence of this @entity5 , it is unlikely to see any trials in future. Studies were mainly retrospective or institutional reports and showed that, despite the high sensitivity of this @entity5 to chemotherapy agents and the use of chemotherapy as one of the main treatment modalities in the advanced stages of @entity704 , current data are not supporting postoperative chemotherapy as a sole adjuvant treatment in advanced stages of @entity704 . We conclude that, in @entity1 with @entity704 , surgical resection with or without radiation therapy is the gold standard treatment for early-stage disease (I and II). Adjuvant radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy should be considered for Masaoka stage III (A and B) or above, and it is also advised to add adjuvant therapy for all @entity1 with cortical fenestration, even in stages I and II. But there is no evidence that chemotherapy alone improves the survival in @entity1 with completely resected @entity5 . In @entity1 with extra-radiation field disease, however, the use of chemotherapy can potentially improve survival but no follow-up data on this group of @entity1 are available.

title: Which stages of XXXX benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy post-thymectomy?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III and IV thymomas and thymic carcinoma', 'tumour']

answer: @entity704 :: (MESH:D013945,Disease) :: ['thymoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess local uptake of treatments for secondary prevention of @entity583 and compare with targets in the National Service Framework (NSF) for @entity301 . DESIGN: Retrospective audit of case notes with follow up questionnaire at 1 year. SETTING: Teaching hospital and community. @entity1 : 100 @entity1 alive in December 1998 who had been admitted with an acute @entity583 between October 1997 and October 1998. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Local use of @entity117 , beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and statins. RESULTS: Unless contraindicated, discharge @entity117 use was 100%, beta blocker use 84%, statin prescription and/or provision of dietetic advice 66% and ACE inhibitors where any @entity712 was found was 97%. 1-2 years later total @entity165 remained greater than 5.0 mmol/l in 25% of @entity1 , 24% had stopped beta blockers, and ACE inhibitors remained at a low dose in half of those surveyed. CONCLUSIONS: The NSF for @entity301 states that by April 2002 80-90% of @entity1 should be prescribed appropriate secondary prevention. This had nearly been achieved at hospital discharge in 1999. However, follow up indicated problems in ongoing care with @entity165 targets not always being achieved, beta blockers often being stopped, and ACE inhibitors frequently remaining at low doses. Gaining maximum benefit from treatment depends on these secondary targets also being achieved. In these aspects of secondary prevention the NSF represents only an initial step towards effective prevention of @entity301 ; perhaps the most difficult and expensive steps are yet to be fully realised.

title: Secondary prevention following @entity583 : evidence from an audit in South Wales that the National Service Framework for XXXX does not address all the issues.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Up to 25% of severely injured @entity1 develop @entity130 -induced @entity1003 . To study interventions for this vulnerable population for whom consent cannot be obtained easily, the Food and Drug Administration issued regulations for emergency research with an exception from informed consent (ER-EIC). We describe the community consultation and public disclosure (CC/ @entity1726 ) process in preparation for an ER-EIC study, namely the Control Of Major Bleeding After @entity130 (COMBAT) study. METHODS: The CC/ @entity1726 was guided by the four bioethical principles. We used a multimedia approach, including one-way communications (newspaper ads, brochures, television, radio, and web) and two-way communications (interactive in- @entity1 presentations at community meetings, printed and online feedback forms) to reach the trials catchment area (Denver County's population: 643,000 and the Denver larger metro area where commuters reside: 2.9 million). Particular attention was given to special-interests groups (eg, Jehovah Witnesses, homeless) and to Spanish-speaking communities (brochures and presentations in Spanish). Opt-out materials were available during on-site presentations or via the COMBAT study website. RESULTS: A total of 227 community organizations were contacted. Brochures were distributed to 11 medical clinics and 3 homeless shelters. The multimedia campaign had the potential to reach an estimated audience of 1.5 million individuals in large metro Denver area, the majority via one-way communication and 1900 in two-way communications. This resource intensive process cost more than  84,000. CONCLUSION: The CC/ @entity1726 process is resource-intensive, costly, and complex. Although the multimedia CC/ @entity1726 reached a large audience, the effectiveness of this process remains elusive. The templates can be helpful to similar ER-EIC studies.

title: Exploring ethical conflicts in emergency XXXX research: The COMBAT (Control of Major Bleeding after @entity130 ) study experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: @entity167 consumption is associated with an increased risk of @entity0 , increasing linearly even with a moderate consumption and irrespectively of the type of alcoholic beverage. It shows no dependency from other risk factors like menopausal status, oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, or genetic history of @entity0 . The precise mechanism for the effect of drinking @entity167 in mammary @entity5 promotion is still far from being established. Studies by our laboratory suggest that @entity3094 produced in situ and accumulated in mammary tissue because of poor detoxicating mechanisms might play a role in mutational and promotional events. Additional studies indicated the production of reactive @entity26 species accompanied of decreases in @entity270 and @entity2197 contents and of @entity2041 transferase activity. The resulting oxidative stress might also play a relevant role in several stages of the carcinogenic process. There are reported in literature studies showing that plasmatic levels of @entity172 significantly increased after @entity167 drinking and that the @entity0 risk is higher in receptor ER-positive individuals. @entity172 are known that they may produce @entity0 by actions on ER and also as chemical carcinogens, as a consequence of their oxidation leading to reactive metabolites. In this review we introduce our working hypothesis integrating the @entity3094 and the oxidative stress effects with those involving increased @entity172 levels. We also analyze potential preventive actions that might be accessible. There remains the fact that @entity167 drinking is just one of the avoidable causes of @entity0 and that, at present, the suggested acceptable dose for prevention of this risk is of one drink per day.

title: XXXX drinking and mammary @entity5 : Pathogenesis and potential dietary preventive alternatives.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogens', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: KEY POINTS: Asian @entity1 have a lower prevalence of @entity101 of pregnancy than Caucasian @entity1 . This is the first longitudinal study to investigate neural and humoral responses during pregnancy in Asians and Caucasians. The key finding was that Asians had attenuated sympathetic activation but enhanced renal-adrenal responsiveness during pregnancy compared to Caucasians. These results may provide insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms for racial differences in the prevalence of @entity101 during pregnancy. ABSTRACT: Asians have a lower prevalence of @entity101 of pregnancy than Caucasians. Since sympathetic overactivity and dysregulation of the @entity8 (e.g. low aldosterone levels) have been found in preeclamptic @entity1 , we hypothesized that Asians have lower muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and greater aldosterone concentrations during normal pregnancy than Caucasians. In a prospective study, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and MSNA were measured during supine and upright tilt (30  deg and 60  deg for 5  min each) in 9 Asians (32      1  years (mean      SEM)) and 12 Caucasians (29      1  years) during pre-, early ( <=8  weeks of gestation) and late (32-36  weeks) pregnancy, and post-partum (6-10  weeks after delivery). Supine MSNA increased with pregnancy in both groups (P  <  0.001); it was significantly lower in Asians than Caucasians (14      3 vs. 23      3  bursts  @entity1009 ) and 16      5 vs. 30      3  bursts  @entity1009 ) in early and late pregnancy, respectively; P  =  0.023). BP decreased during early pregnancy (P  <  0.001), but was restored during late pregnancy. HR increased during pregnancy (P  <  0.001) with no racial difference (P  =  0.758). MSNA increased during tilting and it was markedly lower in Asians than Caucasians in late pregnancy (31      6 vs. 49      3  bursts  @entity1009 ) at 60  deg tilt; P  =  0.003). Upright BP was lower in Asians, even in pre-pregnancy (P  =  0.006), and this racial difference persisted during pregnancy. Direct renin and aldosterone increased during pregnancy (both P  <  0.001); these hormones were greater in Asians (P  =  0.086 and P  =  0.014). Thus, Asians have less sympathetic activation but more upregulated renal-adrenal responses than Caucasians during pregnancy. These results may explain, at least in part, why Asian @entity1 are at low risk of @entity101 in pregnancy.

title: Asian XXXX have attenuated sympathetic activation but enhanced renal-adrenal responses during pregnancy compared to Caucasian @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal-adrenal system']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A minority of @entity2457 progress with time. We sought to determine features that predict progression and define outcomes of @entity1 with progressive @entity2457 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective imaging and clinical record review of @entity1 with intracranial dural arteriovenous @entity292 evaluated at our hospital. RESULTS: Of 579 @entity1 with @entity2457 , 545 had 1 @entity292 (mean age, 45    23 years) and 34 (5.9%) had enlarging, de novo, multiple, or recurrent @entity292 (mean age, 53    20 years; P = .11). Among these 34 @entity1 , 19 had progressive @entity2457 with de novo @entity292 or @entity292 enlargement with time (mean age, 36    25 years; progressive group) and 15 had multiple or recurrent but nonprogressive @entity292 (mean age, 57    13 years; P = .0059, nonprogressive group). Whereas all 6 @entity1 had @entity292 progression, only 13/28 adults (P = .020) progressed. Angioarchitectural correlates to chronically elevated intracranial venous pressures, including @entity384 (41% versus 7%, P = .045) and pseudophlebitic cortical venous pattern (P = .048), were more common in @entity1 with @entity74 than in those without progression. @entity1 with @entity74 received more treatments than those without progression (median, 5 versus 3; P = .0068), but as a group, they did not demonstrate worse clinical outcomes (median @entity5328 ; P = .39). However, 3 young @entity1 died from @entity428 and @entity932 related to progression of their @entity292 despite extensive endovascular, surgical, and radiosurgical treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Few @entity1 with @entity2457 follow an @entity146 , progressive clinical course despite treatment. Younger age at initial presentation and angioarchitectural correlates to @entity101 may help identify these @entity1 prospectively.

title: Progressive versus Nonprogressive XXXX : Characteristics and Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['venous hypertension']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial venous hypertension']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['venous sinus dilation']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas', 'dural arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

answer: @entity2457 :: (MESH:D020785,Disease) :: ['Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a combination of topical anesthetic (EMLA) and local injection with @entity3303 is better than @entity3303 alone for @entity158 relief after @entity12577 . METHODS: Sixty @entity1 scheduled for hemorrhoidectomy were randomized into 2 groups: (1) control group (CG, n=30) received @entity5154 ointment (5 g), and (2) EMLA group (EG, n=30) received @entity5404 (5 g), both agents applied topically after surgery. Before the surgical incision was made, @entity3303 (10 mL of a 1% solution) was locally injected into all 60 @entity1 . After surgery, analgesics were provided when necessary. The visual analog scale score was recorded at 4 time points: (1) upon arrival in the postanesthesia room, (2) 2 hours after arriving in the postanesthesia room, (3) between 9 and 10 PM on the first postoperative evening, and (4) on the first postoperative morning. The frequency of @entity6882 requests, 1-time catheterizations for urinary retention, and @entity1 satisfaction with @entity282 management, were also recorded. RESULTS: The median visual analog scale scores and cumulative dosages of @entity6882 were significantly lower in the EG than the CG (P<0.05). @entity1 satisfaction with @entity282 control was also significantly higher in the EG than the CG (P<0.01). No systemic complications occurred. DISCUSSION: EMLA is considered a breakthrough in cutaneous @entity1337 , capable of reducing @entity158 in many cutaneous procedures. Because @entity12577 has been performed for years with ongoing concerns over @entity282 , we felt that using EMLA could lower @entity282 intensity and the number of requests for additional medication.

title: Combination of topical EMLA with local injection of XXXX : superior @entity158 relief after @entity12577 .

entities_list: @entity12577 :: ('MESH:C536150', 'Disease') :: ['Ferguson hemorrhoidectomy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Thrombolytic therapy in @entity1 with @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) and prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is subject to debate. This study was performed to determine whether (1) thrombolytic treatment increases the risk of @entity548 complications, (2) if the risk of @entity548 is influenced by the duration of CPR and if (3) thrombolytic therapy improves outcome. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Emergency department of a tertiary care university hospital. @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixty-six @entity1 with @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ) due to @entity1151 admitted between July 1993 and December 2001. Thirty-six @entity1 received thrombolysis (TL) and were compared with 30 @entity1 without thrombolytic therapy. Bleeding complications were assessed by clinical evidence or autopsy. RESULTS: Major @entity548 complications appear to occur more frequently in @entity1 treated with thrombolytics (9/36 (25%) vs. 3/30 (10%)) even though the difference was statistically not significant (P=0.15). It appears that CPR duration >10 min has no adverse impact on major @entity548 complications. No difference in the rate of major @entity548 complications between thrombolyzed @entity1 who had a CPR duration of </=10 or >10 min could be observed (2/8 (25%) vs. 7/28 (25%), P=0.99). In thrombolyzed @entity1 a return of spontaneous circulation could be achieved more frequently (24/36 (67%) vs.13/30 (43%) in controls, P=0.06) and survival after 24 h was higher (19/36 (53%) vs. 7/30 (23%), P=0.01). Survival to discharge was also higher in the TL group (7/36 (19%) vs. 2/30 (7%)), but not statistically significant (P=0.15). CONCLUSION: Although severe @entity548 complications tend to occur more frequently in @entity1 undergoing TL, the benefit of this treatment might outweigh the risk of @entity548 .

title: Major @entity548 complications in cardiopulmonary resuscitation: the place of thrombolytic therapy in XXXX due to @entity1151 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'CA']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['massive pulmonary embolism', 'MPE']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The carer history is an integral part of the assessment of @entity1 with @entity73 . We aimed to develop a comprehensive yet concise carer questionnaire, the CogRisk, which captures actuarial risk variables for @entity73 in addition to key symptoms suggestive of @entity73 in a number of cognitive domains, and to then assess its validity and reliability in a @entity146 population. METHOD: Carers of @entity1 assessed for @entity73 completed the CogRisk, and @entity1 were clinically assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Neuropsychiatry Unit COGnitive assessment tool (NUCOG). Reliability was assessed using test-retest and interrater measures and measures of internal consistency. Construct and concurrent validity was assessed using correlation between total and subscale scores on the CogRisk, total scores on the NUCOG and MMSE, and subscale scores on the NUCOG. Predictive validity was determined using measures of sensitivity and specificity and using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methods. RESULTS: The CogRisk was completed by all carers in less than 10 min. The total CogRisk score correlated significantly with total MMSE and NUCOG scores (r=-0.511 and -0.563, respectively) and remained highly significant when age and education were controlled for. Internal consistency of CogRisk items was high (alpha=0.943). Intrarater reliability of the CogRisk was high with an intraclass correlation coefficient of .978 (P<.001), and interrater reliability between carers was also high at 0.868 (P<.05). Sensitivity and specificity for the detection of @entity303 were .70 and .73, respectively, with area under the ROC curve not significantly different from that of the MMSE or NUCOG. CONCLUSION: The CogRisk is a brief carer-rated tool of a @entity1 's cognitive functioning developed for use within a @entity146 setting. It exhibited good concurrent validity, internal consistency, and interrater and intrarater reliability. The CogRisk also demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity for @entity303 . The CogRisk provides carer information, which complements the clinical assessment and can be used to focus on direct carer interview.

title: The development and validation of a carer questionnaire to assess cognitive function in @entity146 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']