abstract: BACKGROUND: Diseases such as @entity378 ( @entity378 ) have always had a large impact on @entity1 health. Bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) is used as a surrogate for @entity378 during the development of anti- @entity378 drugs. Nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted great interest in drug development. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential of NPs as anti- @entity378 compounds by studying the interacting mechanisms between NPs and bacteria. RESULTS: We investigated effects of gold and @entity575 NPs on BCG and @entity526 . Experimentally, particle size and shape were characterized using @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ). Different concentrations of NPs were applied in bacterial culture. The growth of @entity526 was monitored through colony forming units (CFU). The mechanism of interaction between NPs and bacteria was analyzed through bacterial thin sections followed by @entity1579 and scanning electron microscopy. Antibacterial effects on BCG were observed by recording fluorescent protein expression levels. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest NPs have potential applications as anti- @entity378 compounds. The antibacterial effects and mechanism of action for NPs were dependent upon composition and surface modifications.

title: Antibacterial activities of gold and @entity575 nanoparticles against XXXX and bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin.

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['transmission electron microscopy', 'TEM']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To prepare for a future clinical trial for improving the long-term prognosis of @entity1 with @entity1822 ( @entity1822 ), we conducted a multi-institutional survey in the Tohoku region of Japan. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study between 2011 and 2014 in member institutions of the Tohoku Translational Research Center Development Network. RESULTS: A total of 53 @entity1 with @entity1822 were registered in 31 institutions for the present survey. The median @entity1 age was 56  years, 67.9% of the @entity1 were postmenopausal, 88.7% had a performance status of 0 or 1, and only 6 @entity1 (11.3%) showed preoperative evidence of @entity5 . Although retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy was performed in only 26.4% of @entity1 , 64.2% @entity1 were identified as having FIGO stage 1 disease; 73.6% were eligible to undergo complete surgery. Among 36 @entity1 who were treated with postoperative chemotherapy, 28 (77.8%) received @entity1205 and @entity136 combination therapy. The most frequent recurrence site was the lungs, and the median progression-free survival of all enrolled @entity1 was 11.7  months. However, the median progression-free survival and the median overall survival in @entity1 with stages III and IV disease were 3.4 and 11.4  months, respectively. CONCLUSION: Although @entity1822 was associated with a high rate of complete or optimal surgery, the long-term prognosis was poor. Effective postoperative therapy should be developed to improve the long-term prognosis of @entity1 with @entity1822 .

title: Current Status of Uterine XXXX in the Tohoku Region: Results of the Tohoku Translational Center Development Network Survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['ULMS', 'uterine leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['Leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Caveolin-1 is a fundamental signalling scaffold protein involved in contraction; however, the role of caveolin-1 in airway responsiveness remains unclear. We evaluated the relationship between caveolin-1 expression in airway smooth muscle (ASM) and antigen-induced airway responsiveness and @entity3885 in a @entity840 @entity565 model. METHODS: @entity1224 in sensitised @entity840 , induced by antigenic (ovalbumin) challenges administered every 10  days, was measured. Antigen-induced responsiveness to @entity112 and the expression of caveolin-1 and cavin 1, 2 and 3 were evaluated at the third ovalbumin challenge. The control group received saline solution instead of ovalbumin. RESULTS: After the first challenge, antigen exposure induced a transient @entity1224 and airway hyperresponsiveness, high levels of @entity25350 and @entity6171 in lung and airway globet cells proliferation at the third antigenic challenge. Caveolin-1 mRNA levels in total lung decreased in the experimental group compared with controls. Flow cytometric analysis of ASM from the experimental group showed a high number of cells expressing caveolin-1 compared with controls. This increase was confirmed by western blot. @entity1224 and hyperresponsiveness correlated with the degree of increased caveolin-1 expression in ASM cells (P   <   0.05; r   =   0.69 and -0.52, respectively). The expression of cavins 1, 2 and 3 in ASM also increased in the experimental group compared to controls. Immunohistochemical findings reveal that differences in ASM caveolin-1 were not evident between groups. Nevertheless, a marked decrease in caveolin-1 and caspase 3 was observed in the pulmonary vascular smooth muscle of @entity565 model compared with controls. Histological analysis did not reveal differences in smooth muscles mass or subepithelial fibrosis levels in airways between groups. However, an enlargement of smooth muscle mass was observed in the pulmonary microvessels of experimental animals. This enlargement did not induce changes in @entity551 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that caveolin-1 expression in ASM has a crucial role in the development of antigen-induced @entity1224 and hyperresponsiveness in a @entity840 @entity565 model. In addition, the @entity565 model in @entity840 appears to induce a contractile smooth muscle phenotype in the airways and a proliferative smooth muscle phenotype in pulmonary vessels.

title: Antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and @entity3885 is related to caveolin-1 expression in airway smooth muscle in a @entity840 XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstruction']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary or systemic arterial pressures']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['Airway obstruction', 'airway obstruction']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the longitudinal relationship between disease activity and self-reported physical activity (PA) in @entity1 with early @entity309 during the first year of treatment with combination therapy. METHODS: PA was measured with the Short QUestionnaire to ASsess Health-enhancing physical activity (SQUASH) at baseline, 13 weeks, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks after start of treatment in context of the COBRA-light trial. The reported PA classified @entity1 as meeting or not meeting the World Health Organization (WHO) PA guideline (cut off: 150 minutes of moderate-intense activity per week). Other measurements included the Disease Activity Score (DAS). Since both treatment arms showed equal effect, these were analysed as one group with simple before-after analyses and generalized estimating equations (GEE). RESULTS: In these analyses, 140 @entity1 (86% of trial population; 66% @entity1 , mean age 52 years) with complete data were included. At entry, 69% of these @entity1 met the WHO PA guideline, increasing to 90% at week 13, and remaining stable at 89% after one year (p<0.001). Mean DAS improved from 4.0 to 1.8 during the first year of treatment (p<0.001). In GEE analyses, DAS decreases were significantly associated with PA increases (p=0.008). @entity1 with clinically relevant responses (expressed as DAS remission, EULAR good or ACR70 response) showed higher PA levels compared to non-responders, regardless of the definition of response, for both the WHO and Dutch PA guideline. CONCLUSION: Early RA @entity1 on combination therapy improve both disease activity and physical activity, a beneficial effect persisting for at least one year. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Effective treatment rapidly improves both disease activity and self-reported physical activity in early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the frequency of detection of @entity130 -induced @entity10163 in current practice by using computed tomography (CT) and to correlate presence of @entity1410 with quantitative clinical indicators of @entity130 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The radiology information system and the @entity130 registry were searched for cases of @entity1410 detected at @entity130 CT during a 54-month period. CT images depicting adrenal masses with the published characteristics of @entity1410 were reviewed by readers who were unblinded to the initial interpretations. Injury severity score (ISS), associated injury, and @entity1 outcome data were gleaned from the @entity130 registry. The control group comprised @entity1 entered in the @entity130 registry during the study period who did not have a diagnosis of @entity1410 . RESULTS: Fifty-four @entity1410 were detected in 51 @entity1 : 42 with right-gland, 12 with left-gland, and three with bilateral lesions. The @entity1410 were round or ovoid and had a mean maximum diameter of 2.8 cm +/- 0.7 (SD) and a mean attenuation of 52 HU +/- 12. Periadrenal stranding was seen with 48 (89%) @entity1410 . At follow-up CT, 32 of 35 @entity1410 had resolved or decreased in size and attenuation. One @entity1 with @entity1410 had no other @entity130 . Compared with the 6,757 control @entity1 , the 51 @entity1 with @entity1410 had a higher mortality rate (10% vs 4%; P <.001, chi(2) test) and a higher mean ISS (25.2 vs 9.7; P <.01, t test). @entity1410 was found in 24 (0.4%) of 5,665 @entity130 @entity1 with an ISS of 0-19, as compared with six (5.0%) of 122 @entity1 with an ISS of 40 or higher. CONCLUSION: @entity1410 was detected in 51 (1.9%) of 2,692 @entity130 @entity1 who underwent CT, or 0.8% of all @entity1 (n = 6,808) entered in the @entity130 registry. Compared with the other @entity130 @entity1 , the @entity1 with @entity1410 had severe @entity130 associated with higher mortality.

title: XXXX in @entity130 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity10163 :: ('MESH:D000307', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal gland hematoma']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal hematomas', 'Adrenal hematoma', 'hematomas', 'adrenal hematoma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['intraabdominal injuries', 'injuries', 'trauma', 'injury severity']

answer: @entity10163 :: (MESH:D000307,Disease) :: ['Adrenal gland hematomas']


abstract: The role of proteases in the @entity5 cell invasion process is multifaceted. Members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family have been implicated in primary and metastatic @entity5 growth, angiogenesis, and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Differentiating between the up-regulation of MMP production and the presence of activated MMPs can be difficult but may well dictate which MMPs are critical to invasion. Because the hydrolysis of collagens is one of the committed steps in ECM turnover, we have investigated selective MMP action on collagenous substrates as a means to evaluate active MMPs. Two triple-helical peptide ( @entity7312 ) models of the @entity1495 cleavage site in type V collagen, alpha1(V)436-450 @entity7312 and alpha1(V)436-447 f @entity7312 , were hydrolyzed by @entity1476 and @entity1495 at the @entity39351 bond, analogous to the bond cleaved by @entity1495 in the corresponding native collagen. Kinetic analyses showed k(cat)/K(m) values of 14,002 and 5,449 s(-1)m(-1) for @entity5379 hydrolysis of alpha1(V)436-447 f @entity7312 , respectively. These values, along with individual k(cat) and K(m) values, are comparable with collagen hydrolysis by @entity5379 . Neither @entity7312 was hydrolyzed by @entity3334 , or -14. alpha1(V)436-447 fTHP and a general fluorogenic @entity7312 were used to screen for triple-helical peptidase activity in alpha(2)beta(1) integrin-stimulated @entity320 cells. Binding of the alpha(2)beta(1) integrin resulted in the production of substantial triple-helical peptidase activity, the majority (>95%) of which was non- @entity5379 . THPs were found to provide highly selective substrates for members of the MMP family and can be used to evaluate active MMP production in cellular systems.

title: Selective hydrolysis of triple-helical substrates by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5379 :: (4313;4318,Gene) :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity29 is common following a @entity5 resection, but symptom severity and the degree of quality of @entity73 is highly variable. An internationally validated @entity1 -reported outcome measure, Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (LARS) score, now enables these symptoms to be measured. The study purpose was: (1) to develop a model that predicts postoperative bowel function; (2) externally validate the model and (3) incorporate these findings into a nomogram and online tool in order to individualise @entity1 counselling and aid preoperative consent. DESIGN: @entity1 more than 1 year after curative restorative anterior resection (UK, median 54   months; Denmark (DK), 56   months since surgery) were invited to complete The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Quality of Life Questionnaire - Core 30 version3 (EORTC QLQ-C30 v3), LARS and Wexner @entity322 scores. @entity5 characteristics, preoperative/postoperative treatment and surgical procedures were recorded. Using transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD) guidelines, risk factors for @entity29 were independently assessed by advanced linear regression shrinkage techniques for each dataset (UK:DK). RESULTS: @entity1 in the development (UK, n=463) and validation (DK, n=938) datasets reported mean (SD) LARS scores of 26 (11) and 24 (11), respectively. Key predictive factors for LARS were: age (at surgery); @entity5 height, total versus partial mesorectal excision, stoma and preoperative radiotherapy, with satisfactory model calibration and a Mallow's Cp of 7.5 and 5.5, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The Pre-Operative LARS score (POLARS) is the first nomogram and online tool to predict @entity29 severity prior to anterior resection. Colorectal surgeons, gastroenterologist and nurse specialists may use POLARS to help @entity1 understand their risk of @entity29 and to preoperatively highlight @entity1 who may require additional postoperative support.

title: Development and external validation of a nomogram and online tool to predict @entity29 following XXXX resection: the POLARS score.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['restorative rectal cancer', 'Cancer', 'Demographics, tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['life impairment']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Bowel dysfunction', 'bowel dysfunction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['restorative rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1333 of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is rare. There are no controlled treatment trials, and clinical practice is guided by experience from case series and indirectly by analogy with systemic @entity1333 . METHODS: We identified @entity1 (n=212) with possible @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) from the neuropathology and neurophysiology records of two centres over 28 years. Case-notes were available for 181, from which, 106 cases of clinicopathological @entity1897 were identified. Adequate treatment data were available in 100; follow-up data, in 93. RESULTS: Of 106 cases, 95 had systemic @entity1333 and 11 had @entity1333 confined to the PNS. Pharmacological treatment (94/100 cases) was corticosteroid-based, and included @entity786 in 54; 17 received additional agents. Initial stabilization was achieved in all but six. One-year survival was 90.3%. Of the nine who died in the first years (mean age 73 years), seven had received @entity786 , and all but two had severe, multisystem @entity1333 . The neurological relapse rate was 10%. Only one relapse occurred after @entity786 treatment. Outcome was reported as good in 72% (78% in those who relapsed). DISCUSSION: Death and relapse were infrequent in treated @entity1 . Relapse occurred almost exclusively in @entity1 treated with @entity617 alone. Aggressive early treatment with @entity786 may prevent relapse. The current management approach to @entity1897 appears largely effective, especially if @entity786 is used.

title: Treatment of XXXX : a retrospective analysis of outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['Vasculitis', 'vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitic peripheral neuropathy', 'VPN']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['vasculitic peripheral neuropathy']


abstract: In the present study, 25 @entity1 with @entity0 pretreated with one or two @entity4349 -based regimens for visceral metastases were enrolled. @entity1 were treated with @entity136 1250 mg/m2 on days 1, 8 and 15, q28d. Nine @entity1 received @entity136 as second-line treatment, whereas 16 @entity1 received @entity136 as third-line cytotoxic treatment, respectively. In the second-line setting, two (22%) @entity1 gained PR (RR 22%) and four (44%) @entity1 experienced @entity168 (P=0.2), respectively. In the third-line-setting, one (6%) @entity1 gained CR, one @entity1 PR (6%) and four @entity1 (25%) @entity168 , respectively, resulting in a response rate (RR) of 12%. In the second-line-setting, median time to progression was 5.1 +/- 4.0 months (range: 1.6-13.9) versus 3.5-2.5 months (range: 1.3-10.4) in the third-line-setting. Median overall survival was 12.6 +/- 9.1 months (range: 3.9-30.8) versus 7.5 +/- 6.7 months (range: 2.0-26.0), respectively. Overall, no @entity1 experienced treatment limiting @entity137 . We conclude from the present study that @entity136 induced an overall RR of 16% following prior treatment with @entity8253 . However, median time to progression and median overall survival were limited. In the search for efficacious treatment of @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 , @entity136 constitutes a valid tool in @entity4349 -resistant disease and thus might represent a valuable option for combination chemotherapy in controlled trials in this condition.

title: Single-agent @entity136 as second- and third-line treatment in metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: A pilot study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel regimen of hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (RT) in the adjuvant treatment of primary @entity463 ( @entity463 ). The rationale of the study was to combine the potential radiobiologic advantage of hypofractionation to @entity463 with a highly conformal radiotherapeutic technique. The study was designed to measure the acute and chronic morbidity of @entity1 treated with this regimen, response of @entity463 to the treatment, overall survival, and time to disease progression after therapy completion. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty eligible @entity1 were accrued between February 1999 and May 2000 for the study. All @entity1 had Karnofsky performance scores of >/=70. All @entity1 were treated with intensity-modulated RT using the NOMOS Peacock system. A dose of 50 Gy was delivered in 5-Gy daily fractions within 2 weeks to enhancing @entity66 , @entity41 , or surgical cavity. Simultaneously, 30 Gy was prescribed in 3-Gy daily fractions to surrounding @entity4 . The time to progression was measured with serial neurologic examinations and MRI or CT scans after RT completion. @entity137 was graded using Radiation Therapy Oncology Group @entity2359 scores. RESULTS: Of the 20 @entity1 , 18 were evaluated for outcome. The median time to disease progression was 6 months after RT completion. The median overall survival was 7 months after treatment completion. All recurrences were within 2 cm of the operative bed. @entity2359 during therapy was minimal, with all @entity1 experiencing Grade 0 or 1 @entity137 . Late @entity137 included 10 @entity1 with Grade 0, 2 @entity1 with Grade 2, and 3 @entity1 with Grade 4 @entity137 , manifesting as @entity39 requiring surgical reexcision. The survival of the 3 @entity1 with @entity39 was 23, 20, and 9 months. Mortality in all cases was the result of @entity5 recurrence, with no mortality resulting from @entity39 . CONCLUSION: This regimen of hypofractionated intensity-modulated RT did not improve the time to disease progression or overall survival compared with historical experience using conventional fractionation. However, the treatment duration was reduced from 6 weeks to 2 weeks, which may be of palliative benefit in certain subsets of @entity1 . This treatment regimen demonstrated a greater incidence of @entity39 requiring surgical intervention; however, the 3 @entity1 experiencing this @entity137 had longer survival times. Future investigation may be useful to determine which fraction size may be optimal for @entity463 when highly conformal RT is used in the adjuvant setting.

title: Hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy for primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Acute and late toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['brain necrosis']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity', 'Neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma multiforme']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 -reported outcomes (PROs) have an increasingly important role in the evaluation of new therapies for @entity29 . The US Food and Drug Administration has issued formal guidance to describe the role of PRO instruments in evaluation of claims for product labelling. However, no validated PRO exists for @entity31 . AIM: To investigate whether the PROs from the Mayo Clinic Score (MCS) for UC can be modified, to develop an interim PRO for use in clinical trials, alone or in combination with endoscopy. METHODS: Data from an induction trial of a @entity2983 ( @entity2983 ) formulation were used to compare effect sizes between @entity2983 and placebo for PRO items (stool frequency and @entity548 ) alone and in combination with endoscopy. The operating properties of the PRO were validated using data from a phase 2 trial of MLN02, a humanised antibody to the a4b7 integrin in @entity1 with UC. RESULTS: A two-item PRO (PRO2) consisting of @entity548 = 0 and stool frequency  <=1 or  <=2, combined with an endoscopy subscore  <=1 yielded statistically significant differences between active drug and placebo. This combination yielded the most similar effect sizes and placebo rates for remission, compared to the primary trials. Use of PRO items alone yielded high placebo remission rates in both data sets, although rates were lower when the items were combined and remission defined as PRO2 = 0. CONCLUSION: @entity1 -reported outcomes items derived from the Mayo Clinic Score combined with endoscopy as a co-primary endpoint may be an appropriate interim outcome measure for @entity31 trials.

title: Development of interim @entity1 -reported outcome measures for the assessment of XXXX disease activity in clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['mesalazine', 'mesalamine']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: @entity1 with refractory chronic @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) have a significant risk of morbidity and mortality related to @entity548 . @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) cytotoxic therapy may produce remissions but entails risks related to myelosuppression. Hematopoietic stem cell support with lymphocyte-depleted grafts may accelerate hematologic recovery and concomitantly reduce repopulation by autoreactive immunocytes. Fourteen @entity1 with chronic @entity3039 , in whom multiple prior therapies including corticosteroids, splenectomy, intravenous immunoglobulin, and various cytotoxic or immunomodulatory regimens had failed, were treated with @entity2101 @entity786 (50 mg/kg/d) and autologous @entity1261 ( @entity1261 )-mobilized leukocytes depleted of lymphocytes by immunomagnetic @entity2280 (+) selection. There were no significant adverse events related to @entity1261 , intravenous device insertion, or leukapheresis. Treatment-related complications included transient @entity2335 (1 @entity1 ), @entity3556 (2 @entity1 ), @entity360 (1 @entity1 ), @entity1415 (1 patient), and antibiotic-responsive @entity1398 (all @entity1 ). The mean time to absolute neutrophil count (ANC) more than 500/mm(3) was 9 +/- 0.6 days. Eight patients experienced antibiotic-responsive @entity2259 . A median of 2 platelet transfusions was required for stem cell mobilization, intravenous catheter insertion, and apheresis and a median of 9 platelet transfusions was required during hematopoietic recovery. Six @entity1 obtained durable complete responses (platelet counts > 100 000/mm(3) without other therapy) with maximum follow-up of 42 months. Two additional @entity1 obtained durable partial responses (platelet counts significantly increased over baseline with reduced medication requirements and cessation of bleeding complications). This therapeutic approach is feasible for @entity1 with severe chronic @entity3039 , a substantial proportion of whom may obtain durable remissions. Larger controlled trials are recommended.

title: @entity2101 XXXX with autologous lymphocyte-depleted peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) support for treatment of refractory chronic @entity3039 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['AITP', 'autoimmune thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic cystitis']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['gram-positive bacteremia']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Neurodevelopmental and @entity73 are known to occur frequently in @entity1 with @entity1555 but so far none of the published studies have reported both early neurodevelopmental assessments and cognitive tests in the same cohort. The aim of the present longitudinal study was to establish the correlation between early neurodevelopmental assessments performed in preschool @entity1 and the cognitive scales performed at school age or later. METHODS: We performed cognitive tests at school age (mean age 5.7 year   1.7 SD) (69 months+19 SD) in a cohort of Duchenne @entity1 , previously assessed using the Griffiths scales before the age of 4 years (mean age when the Griffiths scales were performed 30 months   8.9 SD). RESULTS: The range of total Developmental quotients on the Griffiths ranged between 56 and 116 (mean 89    15.6 SD). The total Intelligence Quotients on the Wechsler scales ranged between 35 and 119 (mean 87    17.2 SD). There was a significant correlation between the findings on the two scales. P = <0.0001. When we subdivided the cohort according to site of mutations, there was a difference between @entity1 with mutations upstream exon 44 and those with mutations in exon 44-45 affecting Dp140 on both Developmental and Intelligence Quotient (p 0.01 and p 0,003 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm that Duchenne @entity1 tend to slightly underperform on both neurodevelopmental and cognitive assessments. Early neurodevelopmental findings correlated with the cognitive results obtained at school age with a clear concordance between subscales exploring similar domains on the two scales.

title: Early Neurodevelopmental Findings Predict School Age Cognitive Abilities in XXXX : A Longitudinal Study.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive difficulties']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Due to the significant increase in antimicrobial resistance of @entity3064 , immune system stimulation to block the infection progression could be a therapeutic alternative adjuvant to antimicrobial treatment. @entity6579 ( @entity15002 ), a major component of phospholipids in eukaryotic cells, is involved in immune cells recruitment and modulation. The aim of this study was to show if @entity15002 could be useful for treating @entity281 caused by A. baumannii. A. baumannii ATCC 17978 strain was used in this study. Serum @entity15002 and inflammatory cytokines @entity637 , @entity777 , @entity635 and @entity1618 levels were determined by spectrophotometric assay and ELISA, respectively, in @entity19 peritoneal @entity295 model after inoculating @entity19 with 5.3 log CFU/ml of A. baumannii. Therapeutic efficacy of @entity15002 against A. baumannii in @entity19 peritoneal @entity295 and @entity55 models was assessed during 48 h after @entity2348 . In the @entity19 peritoneal @entity295 model caused by A. baumannii, at early time-points, @entity15002 is depleted and is associated with the increase of inflammatory cytokines release. Pre-emptive therapy with @entity15002 in @entity19 peritoneal @entity295 and @entity55 models markedly enhanced the spleen and lungs bacterial clearance and reduced positive blood cultures and @entity19 mortality rates. Moreover, treatment with @entity15002 reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokines production. These data demonstrate that @entity15002 was efficacious as pre-emptive treatment for peritoneal @entity295 and @entity55 experimental models caused by A. baumannii.

title: Therapeutic efficacy of @entity6579 in severe XXXX caused by @entity3064 .

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['Lysophosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 205 Background: AA and C are two recently approved therapies shown to extend survival in @entity1 with metastatic castrate-resistant @entity263 (mCRPC) progressing after @entity1205 treatment. The @entity137 profiles of AA and C differ, and therefore it was hypothesized that the utilization of concomitant medications and supportive care measures, in particular @entity1261 for the treatment of @entity1398 , would differ as well. METHODS: The Pharmetrics database (2008 to Jan 2012), a nationally representative, nonpayer-owned, integrated, commercial U.S. claims database, was used for this analysis. Eligible @entity1 included those identified with a diagnosis of @entity263 ( @entity1479 9 code 185.X or 233.4) and a claim for either @entity2195 (identified by the appropriate NDC or J codes). Use of @entity1261 was analyzed during treatment (defined as the period between the first claim to the last claim, full months inclusive) and also analyzed for the year prior to the first claim of either @entity2195 (index date). RESULTS: 278 @entity1 were identified with a claim for both cohorts. Median ages of @entity1 in the two cohorts were similar (69 years in the AA cohort, 67.5 years in the C cohort). @entity1205 use in the year prior to the index date was 57% and 64% in the AA and C cohorts, respectively. The median duration of follow-up post-index date was 2.6 months in the AA cohort and 6.0 months in the C cohort. While the median number of prescriptions (3) was the same for the AA and C cohorts, the mean was slightly higher for C (4.4 vs 3.3). In the AA cohort, the use of @entity1261 was as follows: 35% in the year before the index date and 3% during treatment. In the C cohort, the use of @entity1261 was as follows: 42% in the year before the index date, and 67% during treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this claims analysis, @entity1 who received C were more likely to receive concomitant @entity1261 vs @entity1 who were receiving AA. This finding is consistent with the known risks/precautions relating to @entity1398 as described in the TROPIC study for C. Prior to treatment, both cohorts had @entity1261 use, which may be attributed to @entity1398 during or following @entity1205 therapy.

title: XXXX utilization during abiraterone acetate (AA) and cabazitaxel (C) therapy: A retrospective U.S. claims analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel', 'Docetaxel']

answer: @entity1261 :: (1440,Gene) :: ['G-CSF']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and type of herbal remedies and the reasons for herbal remedy use by adolescents with @entity1277 . METHODS: Forty-six female adolescent females (age range, 10-17 years; mean age, 15 +/- 1.3 years) in a tertiary-care @entity1277 treatment center from May 1998 to July 2000 volunteered for this cross-sectional study. They met the criteria for @entity1278 , or eating disorder not otherwise specified. @entity1 completed a 92-item self-administered questionnaire. We summarized information on demographics, use of herbal remedies, knowledge of safety issues of herbal remedies, and trust in the health care system. RESULTS: Of these 46 subjects, 17 (37%) used herbal remedies. Of these 17 subjects, 35% (6 of 17) used herbal remedies to decrease their appetites and to induce @entity391 , 41% (7 of 17) knew nothing about herbal remedies, despite their use of these products, and 24% (4 of 17) reported that their physicians asked whether they used herbal remedies. The @entity1 did not use herbal remedies because of their dissatisfaction with allopathic medicine. DISCUSSION: Adolescents with @entity1277 frequently used herbal remedies for both weight control and non-weight control purposes. They did not regularly inform their physicians about their use of herbal remedies and physicians did not regularly inform their @entity1 about this use. The generally high prevalence of herbal remedy use in this population suggests that health care providers need to be knowledgeable and should enquire about @entity1 ' use of these products. The perceived benefits, adverse effects, and herb-drug interactions of self-prescribed herbal remedies consumed by adolescents with @entity1277 are unknown and further research is needed.

title: The use of herbal remedies by adolescents with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric eating disorder', 'eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Behavioural variant @entity4943 (bvFTD) is a @entity179 characterized by frontal and temporal lobe @entity194 primarily affecting social @entity73 , including @entity393 . Many consider empathy to be a multidimensional construct, including @entity73 (the ability to adopt and understand another's perspective) and emotional empathy (the capacity to share another's emotional experience). @entity73 have been associated with bvFTD; however, little is known regarding the performance of @entity1 with bvFTD on behavioural measures of emotional empathy, and whether empathic responses differ for negative versus positive stimuli. METHODS: 24 @entity1 with bvFTD and 24 healthy controls completed the Multifaceted Empathy Test (MET; Dziobek et al., 2008), a performance-based task that taps both @entity73 , and allows for the discrimination of responses to negative versus positive realistic images. MET scores were also compared with caregiver ratings of @entity1 behaviour on the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, which assesses @entity1 ' everyday demonstrations of perspective taking and empathic concern. RESULTS: @entity1 with bvFTD were less accurate than controls at inferring mental states for negative and positive stimuli. They also demonstrated lower levels of shared emotional experience, more positive emotional reactions, and diminished arousal to negative social stimuli relative to controls. @entity1 showed reduced emotional reactions to negative non-social stimuli as well. Lastly, the MET and IRI measures of emotional empathy were found to be significantly correlated within the bvFTD group. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that @entity1 with bvFTD show a global @entity73 , and @entity942 for negative, but not positive, experiences. Further, a generalized emotional processing impairment for negative stimuli was observed, which could contribute to the @entity51 . This work highlights potential treatment targets and a means to assess the impact of novel therapies on socioemotional impairment in bvFTD.

title: Parsing XXXX for negative and positive stimuli in @entity4943 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['deficit in cognitive empathy', 'cognitive and emotional facets of empathy', 'Cognitive and emotional empathy deficits', 'cognition and emotion', 'cognitive empathy']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['emotional empathy deficit']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['debilitating neurodegenerative disorder']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal dementia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of empathy']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['deficient emotional empathy']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive and emotional empathy deficits']


abstract: AIM: The present study sought to identify potential differences between subjects who seek care for their @entity1643 problems and those who do not with respect to @entity158 intensity, grade of disability, physical or @entity2673 , individual physical and physiological factors, and lifestyle factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study population was obtained from a population-based, case-referent study, the MUSIC-Norrt  lje study. All @entity1 with @entity1643 among cases as well as "referents" were compared according to care-seeking behaviour. In all 727 cases with @entity1643 who had sought care by any of 75 caregivers in the region, including all physicians and physiotherapists as well as chiropractors, osteopaths, and homeopaths, 721 referents with @entity1643 who did not seek care participated. All @entity1 underwent a clinical examination, and filled in a questionnaire about personal and occupational data, @entity158 and disability, @entity158 history, @entity5539 , and present psychosocial situation. RESULTS: High disability and high @entity158 intensity were strongly related to care seeking among @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity1643 . The odds ratios for high disability were 7.4 (CI 5.0 - 11.0) for @entity1 and 4.9 (CI 3.3 - 7.1) for @entity1 respectively. The odds ratios for high @entity158 intensity were 3.7 (CI 2.2 - 6.0) for @entity1 and 1.7 (CI 1.1 - 2.8) for @entity1 . A more strained economic situation and use of passive coping strategies significantly increased the probability of @entity1 not seeking care. Neither previous @entity158 history, high physical workload, nor jobstrain, poor job satisfaction, or life style factors (high body weight, smoking, and exercise) or @entity5539 affected care-seeking behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: The most decisive factors for seeking care were disability and @entity158 . However, numerous individuals with @entity717 and low @entity158 intensity also seek care for their @entity158 problems. Better information and advice on the common course of @entity1643 may make those individuals less frightened of their @entity158 and, as a result, reduce the consumption of care and social costs for society. The majority of @entity1 seek care for @entity158 without wanting a medical prescription. The fact that economic factors seemed to be of importance indicates that costs for healthcare must be kept low if the goal is to give healthcare on equal terms for all.

title: To seek or not to seek? Care-seeking behaviour among XXXX with @entity1643 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'people', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low-back pain']

entities_list: @entity2673 :: ('MESH:C535569', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial working conditions']

entities_list: @entity5539 :: ('MESH:D011602', 'Disease') :: ['psychosomatic complaints']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['low disability']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: @entity421 cell growth was observed in C3H/Hej @entity19 subcutaneous air pouch. Inoculation with @entity421 cell suspension was performed by injection into air pouches of 70 @entity19 on Day 7 after the initial injection of air. The developmental pattern of the @entity5 cell colonies was classified histologically into five stages. In Stage 0 (stage of no @entity5 cells), there were no @entity5 cells. In Stage 1 (focal stage), the colonies were limited to the lining-cell layers. In Stage 2, (segmental stage) the colonies protruded into the cavity of the pouch. In Stage 3 (annular stage), the total surface of the inner wall of the pouch was occupied by @entity5 cells. In Stage 4 (occlusive stage), the cavity of the pouch was fully occupied by @entity5 cells. The @entity5 was observed to develop to stage 1 in all @entity19 7 days after inoculation. The colonies were all found to be settled initially in the deeper layer of lining cells. Thus, the @entity19 air-pouch model is useful for direct observation of @entity421 cell growth.

title: Development of @entity421 inoculated into subcutaneous air pouch in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['Dunn osteosarcoma', 'osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Some gymnotiform electric fish modulate their electric organ discharge for intraspecific communication. In @entity42034 leptorhynchus, chirps are usually rapid (10-30 ms) modulations that are activated through non- @entity1024 (non- @entity143 ) @entity2227 receptors in the hindbrain pacemaker nucleus. Males produce longer chirp types than females and chirp at higher rates. In @entity42034 , chirp rate is sexually monomorphic, but chirp structure (change in frequency and amplitude during a chirp) was unknown. To better understand the neural regulation and evolution of chirping behavior, we compared chirp structure in these two species under identical stimulus regimes. A. albifrons, like A. leptorhynchus, produced distinct types of chirps that varied, in part, by frequency excursion. However, unlike in A. leptorhynchus, chirp types in A. albifrons varied little in duration, and chirps were all longer (70-200 ms) than those of A. leptorhynchus. Chirp type production was not sexually dimorphic in A. albifrons, but within two chirp types males produced longer chirps than females. We suggest that species differences in chirp duration might be attributable to differences in the relative proportions of fast-acting (non- @entity143 ) and slow-acting ( @entity143 ) @entity2227 receptors in the pacemaker. Additionally, we map species difference onto a phylogeny and hypothesize an evolutionary sequence for the diversification of chirp structure.

title: Diversity in the structure of electrocommunication signals within a genus of electric fish, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity42034 :: ('36673', 'Species') :: ['Apteronotus albifrons', 'Apteronotus']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl- d-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

answer: @entity42034 :: (36673,Species) :: ['Apteronotus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12956 ( @entity12956 ) is a combination of specific @entity5806 (yellowish or green nails, transverse ridging, increased curvature with "a hump" and distal onycholysis), lymphoedema and respiratory tract involvement (mainly bronchial hyper-responsiveness, recurrent @entity55 , @entity4595 and @entity1143 ), with or without @entity1244 . This rare condition is most often seen in middle age. We report two pediatric cases. @entity1 : A 9-year-old @entity1 had 20 yellow nails and @entity4269 of the lower and upper left limbs. He was born at 32 weeks of gestation. At birth, he had fetal hydrops with bilateral chylothorax. Since then, he presented @entity2107 . In his first year of life, he had recurrent @entity11266 and @entity11534 . Lymphoscintigraphy was not performed. A 14-year-old @entity1 had 10 yellow toenails and 2 yellow fingernails. He was born at 36 weeks of gestation with fetal hydrops. He had recurrent @entity11534 and @entity565 attacks. Lymphoscintigraphy showed @entity3329 , especially of the left limbs. DISCUSSION: These two @entity1 have the classic triad of @entity12956 , including yellow nails, @entity4269 and respiratory tract involvement. Thirteen cases have been reported in @entity1 from birth to 10 years of age, three of whom were siblings, thus suggesting genetic predisposition. In most cases lymphoscintigraphy showed @entity509 and/or ectasia of lymphatic vessels. These @entity17461 may be responsible for nail changes as seen in @entity2689 . The prognosis of @entity12956 in adults may be serious because of the pulmonary tract involvement. However, it is not known in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Yellow @entity7064 in @entity1 may be associated with @entity4269 and respiratory tract involvement, as in adults, and this condition should therefore be investigated in cases of @entity12956 .

title: [ XXXX : Two pediatric case reports].

entities_list: @entity12956 :: ('MESH:D056684', 'Disease') :: ['Yellow nail syndrome', 'YNS']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity11266 :: ('MESH:D009304', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5806 :: ('MESH:D009260', 'Disease') :: ['nail dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ["Turner's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity11534 :: ('MESH:D012700', 'Disease') :: ['serosal otitis']

entities_list: @entity7064 :: ('MESH:C536378', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic nails']

entities_list: @entity17461 :: ('MESH:D044148', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic abnormalities']

answer: @entity12956 :: (MESH:D056684,Disease) :: ['Yellow nail syndrome']


abstract: The role of @entity1522 (AA) on translational regulation in mammary epithelial cells cultured under lactogenic conditions was studied. The rates of total protein synthesis and beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) synthesis in @entity19 CID-9 cells were 2.1- or 3.1-fold higher, respectively, than in their @entity291 L-1 counterparts. @entity7245 or selective deprivation of Leu had a negative protein-specific effect on BLG synthesis that was more pronounced in @entity291 cells than in @entity19 cells. Dephosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 ( @entity64737 ) and S6 kinase ( @entity64738 ) on Thr(389) but not on Ser(411) was also more prominent in @entity291 cells. Noteably, deprivation of Leu had a less marked effect on BLG synthesis and @entity64737 or @entity64738 phosphorylation than deprivation of all AA. In AA-deprived CID-9 cells, Leu specifically restored BLG synthesis from pre-existing mRNA whereas AA also restored total protein synthesis. This restoration was associated with a more pronounced effect on @entity64737 and @entity64738 phosphorylation in @entity291 versus @entity19 cells. @entity3446 specifically reduced Leu- and AA-stimulated BLG translation initiation in a dose-dependent manner. A further reduction was observed for Leu-treated cells in the presence of @entity2306 , a PI3K ( @entity4357 3-kinase) inhibitor, which also reduced total protein synthesis. These findings suggest that direct signaling from AA to the translational machinery is involved in determining the rates of milk protein synthesis in mammary epithelial cells.

title: Role of XXXX in translational mechanisms governing milk protein synthesis in @entity19 and ruminant mammary epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity7245 :: ('MESH:D000592', 'Disease') :: ['Total AA deprivation']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['Rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 97 Background: Three angiogenesis-related serum biomarkers [ @entity2843 ), @entity2030 ( @entity2030 ), and @entity7 ] and PSA were correlated with outcome in the phase II @entity46865 [endothelin A (ETA) receptor inhibitor] trial in metastatic CRPC. METHODS: Pretreatment serum samples were available from 206 of 312 @entity1 enrolled in the multicenter phase II trial evaluating @entity46865 in @entity1 with metastatic CRPC and bone @entity3 who were @entity158 free or mildly symptomatic for @entity158 , with a 1:1:1 randomization to @entity46865 10mg, 15mg, or placebo. The @entity2030 , @entity2843 , and @entity7 ELISAs were from WILEX Inc./ Oncogene Science, Cambridge, MA. Progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox modeling. RESULTS: In the final efficacy report, there were no statistical differences in PFS, but a trend for @entity1349 improvement was observed in the @entity46865 arms compared with placebo: 15 mg (HR 0.76; 80% CI 0.61-0.94; p= 0.103) and 10 mg (HR 0.83; 80% CI 0.67-1.02; p= 0.254) (James et al, BJUI 106L966-973, 2010). In the retrospective serum biomarker analysis (206 @entity1 ), there were no apparent differences for PFS with any of the 3 novel biomarkers in the whole population, or within treatment arms. For @entity1349 in the whole population, @entity1 with higher serum @entity2843 (> median) had reduced @entity1349 (17.5 mos), compared with @entity1 who had lower serum @entity2843 (< median) (28.4 mos). Within treatment arms, @entity1 with higher serum @entity2030 (> median) treated with @entity46865 had increased @entity1349 in both the 10 mg arm (median 28.4 mos), and the 15 mg arm (median 25.7 mos) compared with those in the placebo arm (median 15.4 mos). In a Cox model, including serum biomarkers and @entity5520 use, for PFS only PSA was significant (p< 0.0001); for @entity1349 only PSA (p< 0.0001) and @entity2843 (p< 0.002) were significant. CONCLUSIONS: Higher pretreatment serum @entity2030 (a marker of @entity519 ) may identify a cohort of metastatic CRPC @entity1 more sensitive to @entity46865 treatment, and higher serum @entity2843 may identify @entity1 at risk for reduced @entity1349 . These serum biomarkers deserve further study in larger ETA receptor inhibitor trials.

title: Pretreatment serum biomarkers and clinical outcome in the phase II trial of XXXX (endothelin A receptor antagonist) in metastatic CRPC.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity46865 :: ('MESH:C511404', 'Chemical') :: ['zibotentan']

entities_list: @entity2030 :: ('768', 'Gene') :: ['CA IX', 'carbonic anhydrase 9']

entities_list: @entity5520 :: ('D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonate']

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-1', 'TIMP', 'TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity46865 :: (MESH:C511404,Chemical) :: ['zibotentan']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether, according to the conclusions of a 2000 systematic review with meta-analysis on interventions to prevent @entity158 from @entity1875 injection that provided a research agenda to guide further research on the topic, subsequently published trials were more often optimally blinded, reported on @entity1 , and used the most efficacious intervention as comparator; and to check whether the number of new trials published each year had decreased and whether the designs of trials that cited the review differed from those that did not. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review comparing old trials (published before, and included in, the review) with new trials (published afterwards). DATA SOURCES: Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and bibliographies to January 2013. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR STUDY SELECTION: Randomised studies testing any intervention to prevent @entity158 from @entity1875 injection in @entity1 . RESULTS: 136 new trials (19,778 @entity1 ) were retrieved. Compared with the 56 old trials (6264 @entity1 ), the proportion of optimally blinded trials had increased from 10.7% to 38.2% (difference 27.5%, 95% confidence interval 16.0% to 39.0%, P<0.001), and the proportion of trials that used the most efficacious intervention as comparator had increased from 12.5% to 27.9% (difference 15.4%, 4.0% to 26.9%, P=0.022). The proportion of paediatric trials had increased from 5.4% to 12.5%, although this was not significant (difference 7.1%, -1.0% to 15.2%, P=0.141). The number of new trials published each year was significantly higher (median number/year 12 (range 7-20) v 2.5 (0-9), P<0.001) with no obvious decreasing trend. 72.8% (n=99) of the new trials cited the review, with their designs similar to trials not citing the review. Only 36.0% (n=49) of the new trials were considered clinically relevant since they used the most efficacious intervention as comparator or included a paediatric population. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of the systematic review on the design of subsequent research was low. There was an improvement in the reporting of optimal blinding procedures and a tendency towards an increase in the proportion of paediatric trials. The most efficacious intervention was more often chosen as comparator but remained marginally used, and the number of trials published per year had not decreased. The use of systematic reviews should be encouraged to inform rational, and thus ethical, trial design and improve the relevance of new research.

title: Ability of a meta-analysis to prevent redundant research: systematic review of studies on @entity158 from XXXX injection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 133 Background: As a 20+ year @entity0 survivor I sought to find and offer information on natural @entity5 strategies. At first I needed them for my own @entity5 protocol, then to help others Integrative Oncology refers to the simple, natural and non-toxic approaches that can reduce @entity137 , possibly enhance the efficacy of conventional treatment, and create feelings of well-being and control in @entity1 dealing with @entity5 . Many studies, some from long ago, have pointed to the strong @entity1 interest in Integrative Oncology (formerly known as @entity13609 ). Yet the professional oncology community's knowledge has failed to keep up. Trained to seek level 1 studies, they have failed to note the preponderance of all the other evidence available supporting natural approaches. Due to cost, most natural products/substances are not reviewed at level 1 and probably will never be. METHODS: We've created a simple program we call 3 Steps 4 Health, which offers anyone in @entity5 treatment a guide to improved health. We will present the research that backs up these simple ideas that can be incorporated into anyone's protocol. We also have a handout to reduce @entity137 that is evidence-based to help with those adverse effects that plague modern @entity5 @entity1 . So many suffer from @entity16 - there are quite a few methods to protect or treat this with complementary therapies that can be integrated into conventional treatment. RESULTS: ASCO has pointed to the value of Yoga, of ginger, and other natural approaches but oncology professionals have been slow to adopt or recommend. CONCLUSIONS: We will provide evidence-based information on integrative oncology and the 3 Steps 4 Health program.

title: Integrative oncology from the XXXX advocate perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between excitatory @entity1522 (EAAs) and acute in toxicated @entity75 induced by @entity11909 ( @entity13313 ). METHODS: SD @entity35 were randomly divided into 7 groups: 1 control group, 3 exposure (5.0, 10.0, 20.0 g/m(3)) groups and 3 duration (2, 4, 6 h after 10.0 g/m(3) exposure) groups. @entity35 were exposed to @entity13313 for 12 h by continual static inhalation. Water content of cerebral cortex and medulla was measured by wet-dry method; The contents of @entity2227 ( @entity367 ), @entity492 ( @entity2574 ), @entity2228 ( @entity4022 ) and @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ) in brain tissues were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: Water content of cerebral cortex in 3 exposure groups (76.10% +/- 1.41%, 76.45% +/- 0.75%, 79.95% +/- 1.45% respectively) were higher than that of control group (74.22% +/- 1.77%, P < 0.05, P < 0.01). That of medulla was increased significantly merely at 20.0 g/m(3) (71.77% +/- 3.07%, P < 0.05). Water content of cortex in 3 duration groups (79.36% +/- 2.10%, 79.48% +/- 1.21%, 80.64% +/- 1.93% respectively) were higher than that of 10.0 g/m(3) instant exposure group (P < 0.05). The content of @entity2574 [(4.83 +/- 0.35) micro mol/g, (7.17 +/- 0.40) micro mol/g, (10.52 +/- 0.39) micro mol/g], @entity367 [(23.86 +/- 0.62) micro mol/g, (31.21 +/- 2.50) micro mol/g, (28.23 +/- 1.58) micro mol/g] and @entity4022 [(5.59 +/- 1.01) micro mol/g, (6.06 +/- 0.83) micro mol/g, (7.26 +/- 1.34) micro mol/g] in exposure groups were higher than those of corresponding control groups [(3.72 +/- 0.48) micro mol/g, (21.09 +/- 1.20) micro mol/g, (3.83 +/- 0.44) micro mol/g, P < 0.05, P < 0.01]. Compared to 10.0 g/m(3) instant group, @entity2574 content was increased at 2, 4, 6 h (P < 0.01), @entity367 content at 2, 4 h (P < 0.05), and peak value of @entity367 appeared at 4 h [(35.40 +/- 2.40) micro mol/g] while @entity4022 content was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). @entity1246 did not show evident changes in both exposure or duration groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: EAAs appears to be related with the development of acute intoxicated @entity75 induced by @entity13313 , and its damage to neuron might be one of the mechanisms of @entity2657 .

title: [The relationship between excitatory XXXX and acute intoxicated @entity75 induced by @entity11909 ].

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity11909 :: ('MESH:C024565', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2-dichloroethane']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the prevalence and prognostic relevance of cardiac involvement in @entity19417 ( @entity19417 ) population of eosinophilic @entity2883 with @entity2883 (EGPA) and @entity2883 with @entity2883 (GPA) @entity1 . METHODS: Prospective cohort study of fifty EGPA and forty-one GPA @entity1 in sustained remission without previous in-depth cardiac screening attending our clinical immunology outpatient department. Cardiac screening included clinical evaluation, ECG, 24-hour Holter registration, echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) with coronary angiography and endomyocardial biopsy upon indication. Fifty age-, sex- and @entity65 factor-matched control subjects were randomly selected from a population study. Long-term outcome was assessed using all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. RESULTS: A total of 91 @entity19417 - @entity1 (age 60  11, range 63-87years) were compared to 50-matched control subjects (age 60  9years, range 46-78years). ECG and echocardiography demonstrated @entity299 in 62% EGPA and 46% GPA @entity1 vs 20% controls (P<0.001 and P=0.014, respectively). A total of 69 @entity19417 - @entity1 underwent additional CMR, slightly increasing the prevalence of cardiac involvement to 66% in EGPA and 61% in GPA @entity1 . After a mean follow-up of 53  18months, presence of cardiac involvement using ECG and echocardiography in @entity19417 - @entity1 showed increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (Log-rank P=0.015 and Log-rank P=0.021, respectively). CONCLUSION: Cardiac involvement in EGPA and GPA @entity1 with sustained remission is high, even if symptoms are absent and ECG is normal. Moreover, cardiac involvement is a strong predictor of (cardiovascular) mortality. Therefore, risk stratification using cardiac imaging is recommended in all @entity19417 - @entity1 , irrespective of symptoms or ECG abnormalities.

title: Prevalence and prognostic relevance of cardiac involvement in @entity19417 : eosinophilic @entity2883 with @entity2883 and @entity2883 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['polyangiitis', 'granulomatosis']

entities_list: @entity19417 :: ('MESH:D056648', 'Disease') :: ['AAV', 'an ANCA-associated vasculitis']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['polyangiitis']


abstract: @entity65177 , extracted from @entity526 (in the following called coli extract) was examined for factors with anabolic efficiency, especially for anabolically efficient bases of nucleic acids and for peptides. The results obtained are the following: Tests for nucleotides, @entity2642 and bases of nucleic acids by thin-layer chromatography technique turned out negative. To test anabolically efficient substances the so-called @entity2041 state test in the @entity35 liver was used. In this test intraportal dosages of 200 micrograms coli extract and also 200 micrograms of the enzymatically decomposed muscle proteins (Pepton resp. Lab Lemco) gave rise to positive effects within 2 min. Contrary to peptides from the culture medium the efficiency of coli extract was considerably increased by previous tryptic fission (efficient concentration 6 micrograms). The quantities applied were related on microgram peptide. A coli extract preparation the phase of growth of which had been shortened to 12 h was separated into 4 fractions. The fourth fraction (lowest molecular weight) showed anabolic efficiency with 6 micrograms peptide in the state test. Before the denaturative extraction took place, the coli extract was separated by centrifugation in a third test series into coli extract bacteria mass and coli extract supernatant. Nothing but the supernatant showed anabolic properties. Two fractions, obtained by the separation of the bacteria mass, did not show any activity in the @entity2041 state test. It is discussed that @entity526 -specific peptides with anabolic efficiency are candidates for the coli extract effects.

title: [Existence of an anabolically acting principle in an extract of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2642 :: ('MESH:D009705', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleosides']

entities_list: @entity65177 :: ('MESH:C047752', 'Chemical') :: ['Colibiogen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['E. coli']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity9463 causes @entity625 in @entity1707 older than 12 weeks. The role of colostrum in protection of piglets against M. hyosynoviae @entity281 is not clear. Our objective was therefore to investigate whether transfer of maternal immunity to piglets was involved in early protection against the @entity281 . Experimental infections were carried out in three groups of weaners receiving different levels of M. hyosynoviae-specific colostrum components; Group NC derived from @entity9463 free sows and possessed no specific immunity to M. hyosynoviae. Group CAb @entity1707 , siblings of the NC group, received colostrum with M. hyosynoviae-specific antibodies immediately after birth. Group CCE @entity1707 were born and raised by infected sows and presumably had the full set of colostrally transferred factors, including specific antibodies. When 4   weeks old, all @entity1707 were inoculated intranasally with M. hyosynoviae. The course of @entity281 was measured through clinical observations of @entity1273 , cultivation of M. hyosynoviae from tonsils, blood and synovial fluid and observation for gross pathological lesions in selected joints. Specific immune status in the @entity1707 was evaluated through detection of antibodies by immunoblotting and measurement of M. hyosynoviae-specific T-cell proliferation. The latter analysis may possibly indicate that M. hyosynoviae @entity281 induces a T-cell response. The CCE piglets were significantly protected against development of @entity1273 and pathology, as well as @entity281 with M. hyosynoviae in tonsils, blood and joints, when compared to the two other groups. Raising the CCE @entity1707 in an infected environment until weaning, with carrier sows as mothers, apparently made them resistant to M. @entity625 when @entity281 at 4   weeks of age. More @entity1707 in group NC had M. hyosynoviae related pathological lesions than in group CAb, a difference that was significant for cubital joints when analysed on joint type level. This finding indicates a partially protective effect of passively transferred M. hyosynoviae-specific colostral antibodies upon development of M. hyosynoviae related pathology. Thus, the level of passive immunity transferred from sow to piglet seems to provide, at least partial, protection against development of @entity625 . It cannot be ruled out that the CCE @entity1707 , by growing up in an infected environment, have had the chance to establish an active anti-M. hyosynoviae immune response that complements the maternally transferred immune factors. Evident from this study is that the general absence of M. hyosynoviae @entity625 in piglets can be ascribed mainly to their immunological status.

title: Transfer of maternal immunity to piglets is involved in early protection against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9463 :: ('MESH:D009175', 'Disease') :: ['Mycoplasma hyosynoviae', 'Mycoplasma']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'hyosynoviae-arthritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['challenge-infected', 'infection']

answer: @entity9463 :: (MESH:D009175,Disease) :: ['Mycoplasma hyosynoviae infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The chemokine receptor @entity9350 is a key organizer of the immune system. Gene targeting in @entity19 revealed that @entity13386 -deficient animals are severely impaired in the induction of central and peripheral tolerance. Due to these defects, @entity13386 -deficient @entity19 spontaneously develop multi-organ @entity792 showing symptoms similar to those observed in @entity1 suffering from connective tissue @entity792 . However, it is unknown whether mutations of @entity9350 are linked to @entity792 in @entity1 . RESULTS: DNA samples were collected from 160 @entity1 suffering from connective tissue @entity792 ( @entity10632 , n = 40; @entity1252 , @entity1252 , n = 20 and @entity785 , n = 100) and 40 health subjects (n = 40). All @entity1 in this study were of German descent. Samples were screened for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) by sequencing the coding region of the @entity9350 gene as well asthe exon flaking intron sites and parts of the regions encoding for the 5'- and 3'-UTR. @entity9350 variants were rare. We identified six different sequence variants, which occurred in heterozygosis. The identified SNP were observed at position @entity64049 (observed 1x), +6, @entity64050 (7x), +6, @entity64051 (15x), +6, @entity64052 (6x), +10, @entity64053 (3x) and +11, @entity64054 (1x). Four of these variants (+6, @entity64050 , +6, @entity64051 , +6, @entity64052 and +10, @entity64053 ) display allelic frequencies between 1% and 5 % and were present in both @entity1 and control groups. The variants +6, @entity64050 , +6, @entity64051 , +6, @entity64052 are located in the intron 2, while the +10, @entity64053 variant corresponds to a silent mutation in exon 3. The variants @entity64049 and +11,475 C/A which are located at the 5'-UTR and 3-UTR respectively, display allelic frequencies below 1%. No correlation between these variants and the @entity792 investigated could be observed. However, reporter gene expression assay demonstrated that the mutation at the @entity64049 position in homozygosis leads to reduced luciferase activity. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that variants of @entity9350 gene occur at an extremely low frequency in the German population and that neither @entity10632 , @entity1252 , nor @entity785 are associated with these variants. Nevertheless, the decreased luciferase activity observed in cells transfected with the promoter region bearing the @entity64049 mutation suggests that this @entity9350 variant could potentially lead to increased susceptibility to @entity792 .

title: Genetic variants of chemokine receptor @entity9350 in @entity1 with XXXX , @entity10632 and @entity785 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity10632 :: ('MESH:D012859', 'Disease') :: ["Sjogren's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 6023 Background: @entity4806 ( @entity4806 ) and pre-adolescence (PRE- @entity4806 ) are critical physical and psychological developmental periods. The purpose of this study was to determine if the health status, health care utilization, or risk behaviors were different in survivors diagnosed in their @entity4806 and PRE- @entity4806 years in comparison with those diagnosed in their childhood years. METHODS: The CCSS is a 26 institution cohort study of 5 year survivors of pediatric @entity5 diagnosed 1970-1986. Self-reported data were analyzed in 9535 adult survivors (>=  18 years of age) grouped into three categories based on age at @entity5 diagnosis: 0-9 years old (CH, N=4768), 10-12 years old (PRE- @entity4806 , N=1438), and 13-20 years old ( @entity4806 , N=3329). Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratio and 95% confidence levels for outcomes in survivors diagnosed in PRE- @entity4806 and @entity4806 in comparison to the CH group. RESULTS: CH, PRE- @entity4806 , and @entity4806 had similar health status outcomes and @entity5 -related health care. @entity4806 females were more likely to report a pap smear or a clinical breast exam than CH females. PRE- @entity4806 females were more likely to be current smokers, physically inactive, or binge drink in comparison with CH females. PRE- @entity4806 males were more likely to binge drink in comparison with CH males. In contrast, @entity4806 males who were 26 years or older at the time of interview were less likely to binge drink in comparison with CH males of the same age at interview strata. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of @entity5 during the teens does not produce more adverse general or mental health outcomes than diagnosis as a younger @entity1 . Survivors of adolescent @entity5 seek @entity5 , general medical care and perform health screenings equally or better than do survivors who are younger at diagnosis. Survivors diagnosed during pre-adolescence report an excess of risk behaviors as young adults and could benefit from targeted interventions. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Health status, medical care, preventive screening, and risk behaviors in adult survivors of @entity5 diagnosed during adolescence: A report from the XXXX Survivor Study (CCSS).

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related visits', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Adolescence']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Childhood Cancer']


abstract: A 67-year-old @entity1 with @entity360 . HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 67-year old @entity1 with melaena and @entity417 (haemoglobin 4.8 g/dl) for 14 days had been admitted to hospital under suspicion of @entity360 . The @entity1 had a history of 2/3 resection of the stomach for recurrent duodenal @entity1066 and of a right nephrectomie for @entity1358 18 years ago. There was no abdominal @entity158 on pressure, nor muscular guarding. INVESTIGATIONS: Endoscopy (oesophago-duodenoscopie, coloscopie), radiography (angiography, gastrografin passage) and ultrasound failed to locate the source of @entity548 . TREATMENT AND COURSE: After repeated endoscopic attempts to localize the source of @entity548 and growing need of transfusions (12 blood-concentrates in 5 days) an exploratory laparotomie was done. Surprisingly a @entity548 fistula between the stump of the right renal arteria and duodenum was found. The defects were excised and directly closed. CONCLUSIONS: Secondary aortoduodenal fistula after nephrectomy is rare. If the source of @entity548 can't be found, and there is in any doubt an exploratory laparotomy should be done.

title: [67-year-old XXXX with @entity360 ]

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['hypernephroma']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the ultrasound characteristics, vascularization pattern (colour Doppler ultrasound) and possible histogenesis of one case of @entity4797 and @entity14641 as independent @entity5 nodules, histologically different, in a 19-year-old @entity1 with testicular mass for eight months. METHODS: Conventional ultrasound, colour Doppler ultrasound, and high resolution Doppler angiogram were performed, analyzing vascular flows. After resection of the @entity5 , macroscopic and histological sections were related with ultrasound images. RESULTS: The @entity1 showed three independent, well limited, tumoral nodules in the right testicle: two of them heterogeneous, 20 and 33 mm in diameter, with cystic areas and calcifications. The third nodule was solid, hypoechoic and homogeneous, 26 mm in diameter. All nodules presented an increase in vascularization with low resistance arterial flows. Histologically the first two nodules were @entity14641 (predominantly mature @entity189 ) and the third classic @entity4797 . CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity4797 and mixed @entity2971 are common, "their presentation in the some testicle as independent nodules with different histologies is a rarely referred case in the literature, which allows us to apply a histogenetic and ultrasound-pathologic correlation model in @entity5 . The presence of cystic cavities and gross calcifications is highly correlated with @entity44 . In our case there are not significant differences in the vascularization pattern with Doppler ultrasound.

title: [ @entity4797 and XXXX : synchronic unitesticular presentation as independent nodules with different histologies? Ultrasound characteristics].

entities_list: @entity14641 :: ('MESH:D018243', 'Disease') :: ['teratocarcinomas', 'teratocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'seminomatous and nonseminomatous tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma and embryonal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['seminoma', 'synchronic untesticular seminoma']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

answer: @entity14641 :: (MESH:D018243,Disease) :: ['teratocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Torpedo @entity1020 is a rare condition with a twofold clinical significance. Firstly, it is a differential of atypical @entity989 . Secondly, @entity227 has been reported. We demonstrate the spectrum of structural abnormality of torpedo @entity1020 as seen on optical coherence tomography, and correlate this with age of presentation, fundus autofluorescence, retinal sensitivity loss and @entity227 . DESIGN: A retrospective, observational case series. @entity1 : Five Australian @entity1 seen between 2008 and 2013. METHODS: Fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence and visual field analysis. One @entity1 underwent @entity941 angiography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Lesion appearance on each imaging modality, and visual field analysis. RESULTS: We consistently observed a flat, @entity75 located in the temporal macula, with a distinctive tip pointing toward the fovea. Optical coherence tomography demonstrated variable retinochoroidal features ranging from mild outer retinal disturbance (type 1) to outer retinal cavitation (type 2). Lesion appearance on short-wave autofluorescence showed varying degrees of hypo-autofluorescence. Near-infrared autofluorescence was performed in two @entity1 and showed a well-defined region of hypo-autofluorescence. Microperimetry showed normal sensitivity over the lesion in one @entity1 and a dense paracentral @entity1019 over the temporal portion of the lesion in another. On Humphrey field analysis, only one of two @entity1 tested had a paracentral @entity1019 . CONCLUSION: Two types of torpedo @entity75 are described here with unique optical coherence tomography, demographic, fundus autofluorescence and retinal sensitivity features. These may represent different stages of the same disease that evolve over several decades.

title: Novel optical coherence tomography classification of torpedo XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field abnormality', 'visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypopigmented lesion', 'maculopathy lesions']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['maculopathy']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['maculopathy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In this prospective ex  vivo study, we propose a new technique for the intraoperative examination of retroareolar tissue and describe both surgical excision and pathological methods. We performed a nipple-sparing mastectomy simulation in @entity1 selected to total mastectomy, in order to evaluate the accuracy of these new technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 158 total mastectomy specimens from @entity1 affected by @entity513 in situ (n  =  15) or @entity513 (stages I, II, or IIIA) (n  =  143) were examined. To obtain the entire sample area, the terminal retroareolar milk duct bunch was isolated. Fragments approximately 1.5  cm in length were excised and sectioned in parallel at the base of the nipple using a cold bistoury. Three transverse histological sections (4   m each) at 200   m intervals that included the entire isolated fragments were subjected to frozen section examination. The sections were stained with @entity1710 - @entity1711 and were evaluated. The remainder of each fragment was embedded in @entity982 and 4   m sections were subsequently stained with @entity1710 - @entity1711 and examined. RESULTS: There were two false-negative (1.3%) and five false-positive (3.1%) findings among the frozen and paraffin sections analyzed. A statistical analysis of the frozen section examinations showed a sensitivity of 92.0%, a specificity of 96.2%, a positive predictive value of 82.1%, a negative predictive value of 98.4%, and an accuracy of 95.4%. CONCLUSION: The frozen section examination technique described here detected nipple involvement in @entity0 with greater accuracy than the frozen section usually performed by most surgeons.

title: Improved frozen section examination of the retroareolar margin for prediction of nipple involvement in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma', 'invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 580 Background: GEP of primary @entity0 can be useful in selecting specific chemotherapy regimens based on their probabilities of response. METHODS: A neoadjuvant phase II trial for stage II-III @entity0 @entity1 was prospectively designed to test the ability of GEP to predict clinical and pathological responses. Treatment schedule consisted of 6 cycles of both G 2,500 mg/m(2) and T 150 mg/m(2) on day 1 of a 14 day-cycle before surgery. All 70 @entity1 are already recruited. Mean age 50 yr (range, 26-71), and @entity5 size: 35 mm (range; 23-100). The analysis of GEP was performed with amplified-RNA from frozen tru-cut biopsies hybridized against a Universal @entity1 Reference RNA pool. GEP analysis was performed in duplicate in 70% of the samples with a correlation coefficient of 0.95 (CNIO Oncochip is a cDNA array comprising 9,300 @entity5 -related genes: http://bioinfo.cnio.es/data/oncochip/ ). The analysis of predictor genes was performed using the Random Forests method. To validate the genes in the predictor gene set, RT PCR was applied to 10% of the genes and all analyzed samples. RESULTS: At present, 36 @entity1 had completed chemotherapy [clinical response: 13 CR, 20 PR and 3 SD] and undergone surgery [5 pCR, another 5 with microscopic foci (<1mm) and 26 non-responders]. We have analyzed the GEP and cross-validated the predictive performance for the first 28 cases. The highest error rate occurs during classification of the sensitive @entity5 : about 30 to 40% with clinical response and 35 to 55% with pathological response (considering pathological complete and microscopic foci as single class) are misclassified. However, for resistant @entity5 , we obtained a correct classification with an accuracy of 91% regarding both clinical and pathological response. Some of the predictor genes are involved in drug metabolism, DNA biosynthesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. CONCLUSIONS: GT is clinically effective regimen for neoadjuvant @entity0 treatment. GEP analysis is a reliable tool for pre-treatment prediction of non-responding @entity1 who could benefit from other chemotherapy regimens. [Table: see text].

title: Gene expression profiling (GEP) for the prediction of response to neoadjuvant paclitaxel and gemcitabine in @entity0 ( XXXX ). Preliminary results from a Phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors', 'BC']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['BC']


abstract: The @entity1 @entity167 dehydrogenase 5 gene ( @entity25023 ) differs from all other @entity1 @entity167 dehydrogenase genes in its ubiquitous expression, although there are tissue-specific differences in the level of expression. To understand the expression of @entity25023 , we characterized the structure and function of its 5' region by DNase I foot-printing and transient transfection assays. The region from base pair (bp) -34 to +61, flanking the major transcription start site, had strong promoter activity in three different cell lines: HeLa, H4IIE-C3, and CV-1, and could explain the ubiquitous expression. Two @entity3419 sites within that region are footprinted by nuclear extracts from all tissues and cells tested. There are sites further upstream that show cell- and tissue-specific differences in both their patterns of occupancy and their effects on promoter activity. The region between bp -34 and -64 strongly increases promoter activity in H4IIE-C3 cells, weakly activates in CV-1 cells, but has no effect in HeLa cells. The region between bp -127 and -163 is a positive element in both HeLa cells and CV-1 cells, but is a negative regulatory element in H4IIE-C3 cells. These differences in part explain the levels of expression of @entity25023 in various tissues. Two regions (bp -64 to -127 and bp -163 to -365) contain negative regulatory elements that reduce promoter activity in all three cells. The 5'-nontranslated region of @entity25023 contains two upstream ATGs. Insertion of 12 bp within the putative coding region of these upstream ATGs led to a 1.6-2.3-fold increase in activity. This suggests that the 5'-nontranslated region has regulatory significance.

title: Cell-specific function of cis-acting elements in the regulation of XXXX @entity167 dehydrogenase 5 gene expression and effect of the 5'-nontranslated region.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 1052 Background: Bevacizumab with chemotherapy has shown improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) in @entity0 @entity1 (pts) (Miller 2007; Miles 2008; Brufsky 2009; Robert, et al 2009). We examined the efficacy/safety of combining B with G as first-line therapy in @entity3907 -pretreated @entity0 pts. METHODS: This US, multicenter, single arm, open-label trial enrolled 52 pts. Eligibility criteria included: @entity1722 -negative, recurrent or @entity0 , performance status (PS) 0-1, and prior @entity3907 as neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant therapy with a >12 month disease-free interval. Pts received G 2500 mg/m(2) plus B 10 mg/kg on day (d) 1, both in 14-d cycles. Pts were treated until @entity74 ( @entity74 ), complete response (CR), or intolerable @entity137 . The primary endpoint was PFS; secondary endpoints were overall response rate (ORR), 1-year survival rate, and safety. @entity137 were graded according to NCI CTC v 3.0. RESULTS: Between March 2008 and January 2010, 52 @entity1 were enrolled and treated. Median age 55 (range 28-78); 30 ER+/PR+; 19 ER-/PR-/ @entity1722 -; PS 0/1, 28/24 pts. Five pts experienced >= 1 serious drug-related adverse event (AE). Ten pts discontinued due to AEs; 5 pts were hospitalized for drug-related AEs. Drug-related treatment-emergent AEs (TEAEs) of all grades present in >20% of pts were: nausea (51.9%), @entity1295 (46.2%), @entity448 (21.2%), @entity1398 (23.1%), and @entity417 (21.2%). Grade (Gr) 3 drug-related TEAEs occurring in >= 2% of pts were @entity1398 (13.5%), @entity1431 (7.7%), @entity101 (7.7%), @entity882 (3.8%), and @entity417 (3.8%). Two pts experienced Gr 4 TEAEs: 1 pt, @entity1381 + @entity810 + @entity1431 ; 1 pt, @entity1151 . There were no deaths from study drug @entity137 . The median number of cycles received was 8 (range 1-30). Median dose intensities were: G, 96.8% and B, 97.6%. The ORR was 21.4% (0 CR; 9 partial responses). Nineteen (45.2%) pts had stable disease. Median PFS is 4.8 months (95% confidence interval: 3.4-7.2). The 1-year overall survival rate is 67.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Therapy with G+B is well tolerated with demonstrated activity in this poor prognosis group. Final efficacy data will be presented at the meeting.

title: Phase II study of gemcitabine (G) and bevacizumab (B) as first-line treatment in XXXX -pretreated, @entity1722 -negative, locally recurrent or @entity0 ( @entity0 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

answer: @entity3907 :: (MESH:C080625,Chemical) :: ['taxane']


abstract: The @entity71 ( @entity71 ) still remains under diagnosed and under recognized in France, although this illness affects at least one pupil in each classroom. Despite its prevalence, untreated @entity71 can lead to school failure, relationship break-ups, @entity734 , and a tremendous sense of underachievement. The treatment is centred on a combination of psychotherapy, psycho-educative skills, and psychostimulant medication. There are concerns about the appropriateness of psychostimulant drug prescription to @entity1 in France. Anyway, a complete review of the literature reveals the efficacy of this treatment when compared with placebo in @entity1 and adolescents suffering from @entity71 , and its good tolerability profile. Moreover, pharmacotherapy was associated with a reduction in risk for substance use disorders in @entity71 youth. We'll try to demonstrate that the problem shouldn't be focused on the efficacy of psychostimulant drugs but on clinical and diagnostic strategies. Actually, the clinical picture of @entity71 is not very specific and there could be a risk of misdiagnosis of @entity71 in @entity1 with hyperactive and/or attention behaviours from other origins (i.e. social and/or educative problems). As a differential diagnosis, the hypothesis of an early-onset @entity162 should be systematically assessed because of the huge symptomatic overlaps between the two illnesses.

title: [Role of psychostimulants in hyperactive XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: In 2001, genetic testing for @entity5345 and @entity2674 was introduced in Ontario, for @entity1 at high-risk of @entity5344 . To date over 30,000 individuals have been tested throughout Ontario. Testing was offered to all Ontario residents who were eligible under any of 13 criteria. We report the results of tests conducted at Mount Sinai Hospital from 2007 to 2014. A total of 4726 individuals were tested, 764 (16.2%) were found to carry a pathogenic variant (mutation). Among 3684 @entity1 and @entity1 who underwent testing without a known familial @entity5345 mutation, 331 (9.0%) were found to carry a mutation. Among 1042 @entity1 and @entity1 tested for a known family mutation, 433 (41.6%) were positive. There were 603 female mutation carriers, of these, 303 were affected with @entity5344 (50%) and 16 with another @entity5 (2.3%). Of 284 unaffected female carriers, 242 (85%) were tested for a known family mutation and 42 (15%) were the first @entity1 in the family to be tested. By placing greater emphasis on recruiting unaffected female relatives of known mutation carriers for testing, greater than one-half of newly identified carriers will be unaffected.

title: Genetic testing for @entity5345 and XXXX in the Province of Ontario.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast or ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity2674 :: (675,Gene) :: ['BRCA2']