abstract: The long-term efficacy of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has not been established. We describe the @entity5 -free status of @entity1 11 years after BCG treatment. Long-term followup for the @entity1 population (mean 74.3 +/- 3.5 months, range 6 to 129) yielded a 28% (29 of 104 @entity1 ) @entity5 -free status for a single 6-week course of BCG. Of 66 @entity1 who received a second 6-week course of BCG for recurrent @entity5 after failing the initial 6-week course 27 (41%) have remained @entity5 -free. Overall, 56 of 104 @entity1 (54%) remain @entity5 -free after 1 or 2 courses of BCG. Analysis of recurrences with respect to 3 intervals (2 or less, 2 to 5 and more than 5 years) revealed recurrence rates of 61% (63 of 104 @entity1 ), 23% (7 of 30) and 22% (5 of 23), respectively, after 1, 6-week course of BCG. Similarly, recurrence rates for the same periods for @entity1 receiving a second 6-week course of BCG were 42% (28 of 66), 21% (6 of 28) and 23% (5 of 22), respectively. @entity1 receiving either 1 or 2, 6-week BCG courses who were @entity5 -free at 2 years experienced essentially identical recurrence rates during the 2 to 11-year followup (36% and 33%, respectively). Overall, 23 of 66 @entity1 (35%) who were @entity5 -free at 2 years had recurrent @entity5 during the 2 to 11-year followup. We conclude that while BCG is effective therapy for superficial @entity150 , a continuous potential for @entity5 recurrence exists for responding @entity1 necessitating life-long followup.

title: Durability of the XXXX -free response for intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: We evaluated @entity876 , @entity984 , @entity817 and @entity3546 mutation and @entity876 , @entity8587 , @entity986 and @entity3546 expression in 31 ovarian high-grade serous @entity420 . Twenty-five (80.6%) @entity5 contained functional mutations of @entity876 ; three frameshift, four nonsense and 19 missense mutations. None of the @entity5 showed @entity984 , @entity817 or @entity3546 mutation. In all 18 @entity5 with missense mutations, >= 60% of @entity5 cells were strongly positive for @entity876 immunostaining whereas all @entity5 with frameshift or nonsense mutations were completely negative. Missense mutation was correlated with diffuse and strong imunoreaction and frameshift/nonsense mutation was correlated with completely negative immunoreaction (P = 0.000). @entity5 with wild-type @entity876 revealed a wide range of immunostaining patterns. In 27 (87.1%) and 18 (58.1%) @entity5 , >= 50% of @entity5 cells were moderate to strongly positive for @entity8587 and @entity986 , respectively. A considerable intratumoral heterogeneity for @entity986 expression was present. None of the @entity5 demonstrated nuclear @entity3546 expression. @entity876 mutations appear to be a powerful molecular marker for ovarian high-grade serous @entity420 . Using @entity876 with an appropriate interpretation criteria together with @entity8587 , @entity986 and @entity3546 , most of the high-grade serous @entity420 could be distinguished from other @entity43 .

title: Genetic alteration and immunohistochemical staining patterns of ovarian high-grade serous @entity420 with special emphasis on XXXX immnnostaining pattern.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study describes a case of a @entity2460 ( @entity2460 ) concurrent with @entity1653 in the same anatomical region. The @entity1 was admitted to Tianjin Huanhu Hospital (Tianjin, China) presenting with progressive @entity73 , @entity1296 and @entity1269 . Cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed two @entity5 co-occurring at the same site. One lesion was a solid lesion located in the left frontal convex with homogeneous enhancement, and was closely associated with the dura mater; thus, it was suspected that the lesion was a @entity1653 . The second lesion was cystic and solid with an irregular shape, and was located next to the first @entity5 ; this lesion was believed to be a @entity2698 or @entity816 . The @entity1 underwent a left temporoparietal craniectomy and a complete excision of the two @entity5 was achieved. Subsequent pathological examination of the resected tissues confirmed that the two @entity5 were a @entity1653 and a @entity2460 , respectively. Immunohistochemistry is important in differentiating SFTs from other @entity5 . Currently, a total @entity5 resection is the optimal treatment strategy when managing these rare lesions, often with no requirement for adjuvant post-operative therapy; however, long-term follow-up is essential to detect any signs of recurrence. The possibility of @entity5 should be taken into consideration when performing clinical examination. To further understand the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of multiple @entity5 , further research is required, alongside an increased number of case reports.

title: A @entity2460 with concurrent XXXX at the same site: A case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['right hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['eyesight impairment']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'multiple tumors', 'intracranial tumors', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2698 :: ('MESH:D006393', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma', 'secretory meningioma']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity2460 :: ('MESH:D054364', 'Disease') :: ['SFT', 'solitary fibrous tumor']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the recent focus on sexual behaviour and AIDs, there are almost no data on the prevalence of @entity250 within primary care settings. METHOD: One hundred and seventy @entity1 attending a general practice participated in a questionnaire survey of the prevalence and characteristics of sexual problems. The detection rate of the general practitioners (GPs) and indicators in the @entity1 notes were also investigated. RESULTS: Thirty five per cent of the @entity1 (n = 22) reported some form of specific @entity250 : @entity2754 was identified in 31 per cent of the @entity1 ; 17 per cent experienced @entity323 , which was associated with current medication, a high mean annual attendance and increasing age. The prevalence of @entity250 in the @entity1 was 42 per cent (n = 41); vaginismus was reported by 30 per cent of the sample; 23 per cent of the @entity1 suffered from anorgasmia. General sexual dissatisfaction was more common than specific dysfunction; 68 per cent (n = 66) of the @entity1 and 75 per cent (n = 54) of the @entity1 reported at least one problem with dissatisfaction, avoidance, infrequency or non-communication. The large majority of the sample (70 per cent) considered sexual matters to be an appropriate topic for the GP to discuss. Despite this, sexual problems were recorded in only 2 per cent of the GP notes. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the high prevalence of @entity250 in the population. Many of these problems are concealed from GPs. Predictors in @entity1 ' notes could help GPs to detect those @entity1 with more serious problems.

title: XXXX in primary medical care: prevalence, characteristics and detection by the general practitioner.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['premature ejaculation']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction', 'sexual disorders']

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['Sexual dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Korean immigrant @entity1 have been consistently reported as having low participation in @entity0 screening practices. A valid and reliable instrument to explore factors that affect their @entity5 screening behaviors is essential. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to report the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the @entity0 Screening Beliefs Questionnaire (BCSBQ). METHODS: A convenience sample of 249 Korean Australian @entity1 was recruited through a number of Korean community organizations in Sydney. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis supports a similar fit for the original 3-factor structure of our data set. A significant association was found between the attitudes of these @entity1 toward general health checkups and the frequency of their performance of the breast awareness practices and having mammograms. Furthermore, it was found that knowledge and perceptions about the @entity0 scales were significantly associated with education level and that barriers to mammographic screening were much less evident among @entity1 who engaged in the 3 screening practices. The results indicated that the Korean version of the BCSBQ had satisfactory validity and internal consistency. The Cronbach's a of the 3 subscales ranged between .80 and .88. CONCLUSION: The Korean version of the BCSBQ was confirmed to be a culturally appropriate, valid, and reliable instrument for assessing the beliefs, knowledge, and attitudes to @entity0 and @entity0 screening practices among @entity1 of Korean background living in Australia. IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE: The Korean version of the BCBSQ can provide nurses with insights into the development of culturally sensitive breast health education programs.

title: Validation of the Korean Version of the XXXX Screening Beliefs Questionnaire.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: There is evidence that donor-derived dendritic cells (DC), particularly those at a precursor/immature stage, may play a role in the immune privilege of liver allografts. Underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We have examined the influence of in vitro generated @entity19 liver-derived DC progenitors (DCp) on proliferative, cytotoxic, and @entity630 / @entity61 cytokine responses induced in allogeneic T cells. Liver DCp, propagated in @entity2304 from C57B10 @entity19 (H2b), induced only minimal proliferation, and weak cytotoxic responses in allogeneic (C3H; H2k) T cells compared with mature bone marrow (BM)-derived DC. Flow-cytometric analysis of intracellular cytokine staining revealed that mature BM DC, but not liver DCp, elicited CD4+ T cell production of @entity60 . Intracellular expression of @entity1618 was very low in both BM DC- and liver DCp-stimulated CD4+ T cells. Only stimulation by liver DCp was associated with @entity1618 secretion in primary MLR. Notably, these liver DCp cocultured with allogeneic T cells stained strongly for @entity1618 . Following local (s.c. ) injection in allogeneic recipients, both BM DC and liver DCp homed to T cell areas of draining lymph nodes and spleen, where they were readily detected by immunohistochemistry up to 2 wk postinjection. Liver DCp induced clusters of @entity1618 and @entity58 -secreting mononuclear cells, whereas @entity61 cytokine-secreting cells were not detected in @entity19 injected with mature BM DC. By contrast, comparatively high numbers of @entity60 + cells were induced by BM DC. Modulation of @entity61 cytokine production by donor-derived DCp may contribute to the comparative immune privilege of hepatic allografts.

title: Effects of liver-derived dendritic cell progenitors on XXXX - and @entity61 -like cytokine responses in vitro and in vivo.

answer: @entity630 :: (57314(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Th1']


abstract: Modern multidisciplinary therapy for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) is associated with significant morbidity and must be adapted to the @entity1 's relative risk. The tools currently available to risk-stratify @entity1 are limited. This study assessed the prognostic utility of metabolic measurements derived from @entity419 PET compared with previously proposed prognostic scoring systems. METHODS: Preoperative @entity419 PET/CT studies from a series of 30 @entity1 who underwent liver resection for CRLM after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were evaluated. Quantitative @entity419 PET analysis calculated the maximum and mean standardized uptake value, metabolic @entity5 volume (MTV), and @entity5 glycolytic volume (TGV) as measures of the metabolic activity of @entity5 . The predictive value of these parameters was compared with that of 4 prognostic scores developed by @entity18483 , Iwatsuki, Nordlinger, and Rees. RESULTS: High MTV and TGV in @entity1 before metastasectomy were significantly associated with poorer overall survival (MTV: P = 0.001; TGV: P = 0.004) and recurrence-free survival (MTV: P = 0.001, TGV; P = 0.002). Maximum and mean standardized uptake value did not show any significant predictive ability. Of the prognostic scores, prediction of outcome was most accurate using the Basingstoke index (area under the curve, 0.898). CONCLUSION: Assessment of metabolic @entity5 burden with volumetric @entity419 PET parameters appears to be a valuable adjunct in determining the biology of CRLM before surgical resection and may enable better risk stratification of @entity1 .

title: Prognostic ability of XXXX PET/CT in the assessment of colorectal liver metastases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-FDG']


abstract: A cohort of 35 @entity1 with advanced @entity14 , not previously exposed to chemotherapy, were included in a phase II study exploring the combination of interferon-alpha, 9 MU subcutaneously three times weekly, and @entity1487 750 mg/m2/day during 5 consecutive days in continuous intravenous infusion followed with weekly bolus injection of @entity1487 750 mg/m2. Of 33 cases evaluable for activity; 5 @entity1 achieved partial response and 3 complete response for an overall response rate of 24% (95%; confidence limit 11-42%). Most of the responses were observed in liver metastases, response rate = 30% (95%; CL 13-53%), with little activity observed in other sites; response rate 3% (95%; CL 8-16%), p = .0006. The median time to progression and median overall survival were 16+ (range 1+ to 48+) and 21+ weeks (range 1+ to 52+). All @entity1 were evaluable for analysis of @entity137 . Severe @entity33 and @entity294 , present in 14 @entity1 were the limiting side effects. Two @entity1 developed progressive @entity8 and died. @entity425 , @entity925 , and nonneutropenic fever were observed frequently, one @entity1 developed @entity303 . This combination is able to induce major responses in @entity1 with advanced @entity14 , particularly in liver @entity3 . Additional trials evaluating this approach are indicated.

title: Treatment of advanced @entity14 with recombinant interferon alpha and @entity1487 : activity in liver XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['Weakness']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil', '5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: This report concerns the estimation of the S phase fraction (SPF) in situ and its value in predicting the malignant potential of transitional cell @entity703 . Eighteen @entity1 with transitional cell @entity703 were given a 0.5 h intravenous infusion of the @entity1014 analogue @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) (500 mg) at the time of surgery to label @entity5 cells in the DNA synthesis phase. The @entity5 specimens were stained by an indirect immunoperoxidase method using anti- @entity1603 monoclonal antibody as the first antibody. The @entity1603 labelling index, S phase fraction, was determined by counting the number of @entity1603 labelled cells in the tissue sections. All grade 1 @entity5 had an S phase fraction lower than 10%. The average S phase fraction for non-invasive @entity5 (12 cases) and invasive @entity5 (6 cases) were 9.7 and 20.9%, respectively. Two @entity1 with rapid spread of ureteric @entity5 showed an S phase fraction of 18.4 and 22.3%. The results obtained with the S phase fraction were comparable with histological @entity5 grade and invasive potential. The higher S phase fraction may indicate greater biological malignancy. We believe that determination of the S phase fraction of transitional cell @entity703 offers a new objective and quantitative assay of the biological potential of individual @entity5 and might have practical value in their management.

title: Estimations of the S phase fraction in situ in transitional cell @entity703 with XXXX labelling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', 'bromodeoxyuridine', 'bromodeoxy-uridine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter']

answer: @entity1603 :: (MESH:D001973,Chemical) :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']


abstract: RATIONALE: Previous use of @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ) in @entity1 with @entity1030 has been associated with increased risk of @entity497 . However, @entity4185 have been associated with fewer @entity55 complications and decreased risk of @entity55 -related mortality. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to assess the influence of previous use of @entity4185 on the incidence of @entity1143 in @entity1 with different baseline @entity1576 . METHODS: We conducted a single-center cohort study of 3,612 consecutively collected @entity1 diagnosed with @entity497 . We assessed clinical, radiographic, and pleural-fluid chemistry and microbiologic variables. @entity1 were classified according to whether or not they received prior @entity4185 treatment. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 633 @entity1 (17%) were treated with @entity288 before the diagnosis of @entity55 ( @entity1030 , 54%; @entity565 , 13%). Incidence of @entity1143 was lower in @entity1 with @entity4185 use compared with non- @entity4185 @entity1 (5% vs. 12%; P < 0.001). After matching according to propensity scores (n = 640), prior treatment with corticosteroids was still significantly associated with a lower incidence of @entity1143 (odds ratio, 0.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.23-0.69; P = 0.001) compared with @entity1 without @entity4185 treatment. Prior @entity4185 treatment was associated with higher levels of @entity413 (P = 0.003) and pH (P = 0.02), and lower levels of protein (P = 0.01) and @entity880 dehydrogenase (P = 0.007) in the pleural fluid. CONCLUSIONS: Prior treatment with @entity4185 in a population of @entity1 with different @entity1576 who develop @entity55 is associated with lower incidence of @entity1143 .

title: Influence of previous use of inhaled corticoids on the development of XXXX in @entity497 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['parapneumonic effusion']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['inhaled corticosteroids', 'ICS']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disorders', 'respiratory chronic disorders']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural effusion']


abstract: Previous studies of @entity1 with @entity1031 have revealed an association either with @entity4310 or with defects in the fibrinolytic system. To obtain a more comprehensive picture and to investigate which analyses are useful in the evaluation of such @entity1 , we have performed an extensive laboratory investigation in 439 individuals with @entity1031 . Anticoagulant @entity1131 were found in 24 @entity1 . @entity7131 (n = 10) and protein S (n = 9) were most common followed by deficiencies of antithrombin III (n = 3) and plasminogen (n = 2). Six of the nine protein S deficient @entity1 demonstrated a selective deficiency of free protein S with normal total protein S concentrations. To diagnose protein C and @entity4889 among the 201 @entity1 receiving oral @entity2067 antagonists, the concentrations of protein C and S were compared with the mean concentration of several other @entity2067 -dependent proteins. One protein C and three @entity4889 were identified among the treated @entity1 . The number of @entity7131 found in this group was significantly lower than the number found among untreated @entity1 . Although fewer @entity4889 were also identified among the treated @entity1 , than in the untreated group, the difference was not statistically significant. The results suggest that @entity7131 went undetected in the treated group and that oral anticoagulant therapy should be discontinued before efforts to diagnose @entity7131 are made. We found no cases with heparin @entity1605 . @entity4555 was present in 10 @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX --critical evaluation of laboratory investigation.

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['cofactor II deficiency']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['S deficiencies', 'protein S deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['protein deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein C deficiency', 'protein C deficiencies', 'Deficiencies of protein C']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['Lupus anticoagulant']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic disease']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary anticoagulant protein deficiencies']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['Thromboembolic disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cell fate determination is a critical step of plant morphogenesis. Root hair and trichome formation is a good model for studying cell fate determination. The gene @entity48031 ( @entity48031 ) encodes an R3 type MYB transcription factor, promotes root hair formation, and inhibits trichome formation in @entity958 . The @entity48031 homologous gene @entity48032 ( @entity48032 ) encoded 66% similar @entity3689 sequence to @entity48031 , and it also possessed a cell-to-cell movement WxM motif. @entity48031 protein moves from non-hair cells to neighboring root hair forming cells and induces root hair formation in @entity958 root epidermal cells. In this study, to investigate the function and cell-to-cell movement ability of @entity48032 , we generated @entity48031 : @entity48032 :GFP transgenic plants to compare against @entity48032 : @entity48032 :GFP transgenic plants. @entity48031 : @entity48032 :GFP transgenic plants showed no-trichome and many root-hair phenotypes, confirming similar function of @entity48032 to @entity48031 in root hair and trichome cell fate determination. However, @entity48032 :GFP fusion protein localized exclusively in non-hair cells in @entity48031 : @entity48032 :GFP transgenic plants. Collectively, our results suggest that the @entity48032 protein does not have cell-to-cell movement ability. Our findings indicate that the @entity48031 family includes a movement protein and a protein that does not move. We believe our results provide new insight into the regulatory mechanism that mediates @entity1358 .

title: The ectopic localization of XXXX LIKE MYB3 protein in @entity958 root epidermis.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal cell fate determination']

answer: @entity48031 :: (819249(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['CAPRICE']


abstract: Intravenous and oral @entity2879 ( @entity2879 ) were tested in two sequential phase II trials in chemotherapy-naive @entity1 with @entity3620 . In the first trial, @entity2879 was given intravenously (i.v.) at a dose of 150 mg/m2 on days 1, 3 and 5 every 3 weeks. The second trial investigated a daily oral dose of 100 mg for 21 days followed by a 2-week treatment-free period, and then recycling. In both trials, the treatment was given until disease progression, intolerable @entity137 or @entity1 refusal. In the i.v. trial, 49 @entity1 were included, 2 @entity1 were ineligible. The oral trial recruited 45 @entity1 , 4 @entity1 were not eligible. In both trials, the main side-effects were moderate @entity1210 , @entity1665 , @entity390 and @entity391 . Two partial responses (4%) and three partial responses (7%) were reported in the i.v. and oral trials, respectively. The median survival was 29 weeks and 38 weeks in the i.v. and oral trials, respectively. In conclusion, further investigation of @entity2879 in @entity3620 is not recommended.

title: XXXX in @entity3620 : two phase II trials of the EORTC Lung Cancer Cooperative Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma', 'malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['Etoposide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lower extremity @entity3657 is the third leading cause of @entity65 morbidity, following @entity453 and @entity64 . This study provides the first comparison of the prevalence of @entity3657 between high-income @entity258 or middle-income countries (LMIC), establishes the primary risk factors for @entity3657 in these settings, and estimates the number of @entity1 living with @entity3657 regionally and globally. METHODS: We did a systematic review of the literature on the prevalence of @entity3657 in which we searched for community-based studies since 1997 that defined @entity3657 as an ankle brachial index (ABI) lower than or equal to 0  90. We used epidemiological modelling to define age-specific and sex-specific prevalence rates in HIC and in LMIC and combined them with UN population numbers for 2000 and 2010 to estimate the global prevalence of @entity3657 . Within a subset of studies, we did meta-analyses of odds ratios (ORs) associated with 15 putative risk factors for @entity3657 to estimate their effect size in HIC and LMIC. We then used the risk factors to predict @entity3657 in eight WHO regions (three HIC and five LMIC). FINDINGS: 34 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria, 22 from HIC and 12 from LMIC, including 112,027 @entity1 , of which 9347 had @entity3657 . Sex-specific prevalence rates increased with age and were broadly similar in HIC and LMIC and in @entity1 and @entity1 . The prevalence in HIC at age 45-49 years was 5  28% (95% CI 3  38-8  17%) in @entity1 and 5  41% (3  41-8  49%) in @entity1 , and at age 85-89 years, it was 18  38% (11  16-28  76%) in @entity1 and 18  83% (12  03-28  25%) in @entity1 . Prevalence in @entity1 was lower in LMIC than in HIC (2  89% [2  04-4  07%] at 45-49 years and 14  94% [9  58-22  56%] at 85-89 years). In LMIC, rates were higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 , especially at younger ages (6  31% [4  86-8  15%] of @entity1 aged 45-49 years). Smoking was an important risk factor in both HIC and LMIC, with meta-OR for current smoking of 2  72 (95% CI 2  39-3  09) in HIC and 1  42 (1  25-1  62) in LMIC, followed by @entity6 (1  88 [1  66-2  14] vs 1  47 [1  29-1  68]), @entity101 (1  55 [1  42-1  71] vs 1  36 [1  24-1  50]), and hypercholesterolaemia (1  19 [1  07-1  33] vs 1  14 [1  03-1  25]). Globally, 202 million @entity1 were living with @entity3657 in 2010, 69  7% of them in LMIC, including 54  8 million in southeast Asia and 45  9 million in the western Pacific Region. During the preceding decade the number of individuals with @entity3657 increased by 28  7% in LMIC and 13  1% in HIC. INTERPRETATION: In the 21st century, @entity3657 has become a global problem. Governments, non-governmental organisations, and the private sector in LMIC need to address the social and economic consequences, and assess the best strategies for optimum treatment and prevention of this disease. FUNDING: Peripheral Arterial Disease Research Coalition (Europe).

title: Comparison of global estimates of prevalence and risk factors for XXXX in 2000 and 2010: a systematic review and analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral artery disease numbers', 'peripheral artery disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['countries (HIC) and low-income']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic cardiovascular']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['peripheral artery disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze whether inclusion of predisposing clinical features in the Lyman-Kutcher-Burman (LKB) normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) model improves the estimation of late @entity344 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: This study includes 468 @entity263 @entity1 participating in a randomized trial comparing 68 with 78 Gy. We fitted the probability of developing late @entity137 within 3 years ( @entity548 , high stool frequency, and @entity1241 ) with the original, and a modified LKB model, in which a clinical feature (e.g., history of abdominal surgery) was taken into account by fitting subset specific TD50s. The ratio of these TD50s is the dose-modifying factor for that clinical feature. Dose distributions of anorectal ( @entity548 and frequency) and anal wall ( @entity1241 ) were used. RESULTS: The modified LKB model gave significantly better fits than the original LKB model. @entity1 with a history of abdominal surgery had a lower tolerance to radiation than did @entity1 without previous surgery, with a dose-modifying factor of 1.1 for @entity548 and of 2.5 for @entity1241 . The dose-response curve for @entity548 was approximately two times steeper than that for frequency and three times steeper than that for @entity1241 . CONCLUSIONS: Inclusion of predisposing clinical features significantly improved the estimation of the NTCP. For @entity1 with a history of abdominal surgery, more severe dose constraints should therefore be used during treatment plan optimization.

title: @entity548 , @entity1241 , and high stool frequency after conformal radiotherapy for XXXX : normal tissue complication probability modeling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated in @entity5 cells invasion and @entity3 processes and have been investigated as potential @entity5 biomarkers. In this study @entity1495 gene expression and @entity1495 @entity15606 polymorphism in breast and @entity1149 @entity1 ' blood and @entity5 samples and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters were investigated. MATERIAL/METHODS: @entity1495 gene expression was assessed by reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction method in 108 @entity5 @entity1 ' blood and @entity5 samples. @entity1495 @entity15606 polymorphism was determined by the polymerase chain reaction - based restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS: Significant relationship of @entity1495 gene expression and @entity5 differentiation grade was found only between groups with G1 and G3 @entity0 . Low survival rates were identified among positive @entity1495 expression in @entity513 of the breast (p=0.01) and negative @entity1420 receptor reaction (p=0.04). Significant differences in the distribution among genotypes were found between groups with stage I and stages III/IV (p=0.005) as well as between groups with lymph node status N0 and N1 (p<0.001). @entity0 @entity1 with @entity5 differentiation grade G3 and identified CC variant had a longer survival time (p=0.014). Shorter survival time was found among positive @entity1495 expression in @entity5 and stage I @entity1149 @entity1 with negative lymph node (p=0.012) and @entity957 (p=0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Expression of @entity1495 in blood and @entity5 together indicates worse prognosis for @entity0 @entity1 .

title: The value of @entity1495 for breast and XXXX @entity1 ' survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['blood and ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgery for medically resistant @entity302 is safe and effective. However, when noninvasive techniques are insufficient, then consideration is given to invasive electrocorticography (EcoG). OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to analyze results and complications of subdural electrodes placement in the treatment of intractable @entity302 . METHODS: Ninety-one consecutive @entity1 who underwent placement of subdural electrodes (1999-2010) were considered for this study. All @entity1 underwent a standardized pre-operative evaluation. Invasive subdural electrode placement was considered when there were inadequate ictal recordings, there was discordance between EEG and neuroimaging or the epileptogenic zone was localized near eloquent cortex. RESULTS: Resective @entity302 surgery was performed in 70/91 @entity1 (76.9%). Twenty-four out of seventy (34.3%) who underwent surgical resection were @entity410 -free (CL-I) at last follow-up. A statistical evaluation revealed a very strong trend for @entity1 with positive lesional pre-operative MRI to have improved outcomes compared to normal brain MRI population (p=.028). There were 10 surgical related complications (11%), but no mortality or permanent morbidity. Statistical analysis demonstrated that placement of a subdural grid in any combination was statistically significant (p=.01) for surgical complications. CONCLUSIONS: Invasive monitoring is a useful and necessary technique for the surgical treatment of intractable @entity302 . Careful surveillance is required during the monitoring period especially when the @entity1 has undergone large subdural grid placement. A good working hypothesis can minimize complications and achieve better outcomes.

title: Outcome and complications of chronically implanted subdural electrodes for the treatment of medically resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: The conditions of the aortic and pulmonary valves and the arrangement in the origin of the coronary arteries were studied in 247 @entity329 belonging to a single family subjected to high endogamous pressure. Most specimens (n = 216) were examined using a stereomicroscope. The remaining 31 were studied histologically. In 110 specimens both @entity299 were normal. The aortic valve was bicuspid and the pulmonary valve was normal in 79 animals, while a normal aortic valve and a @entity338 occurred in 37. In the remaining 21 specimens both semilunar valves were bicuspid. In 34 cases, the left coronary artery originated from the pulmonary trunk. Statistical analyses indicate that there is no significant relationship between the bicuspid condition of the pulmonary valve and the fact that a coronary artery arises from the pulmonary trunk. On the other hand, they substantiate that the frequency of this @entity453 significantly increases when the aortic valve is bicuspid. The present findings agree with the hypothesis that abnormal migration of the neural crest cells may be responsible for the combined occurrence of @entity4503 and anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk. In addition, they suggest that the neural crest cells involved in the formation of the pulmonary valve diverge from those migrating into the aortic valve and those imposing spatial order upon the development of the proximal coronary arteries.

title: Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk and its relationship with the morphology of the @entity299 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4503 :: ('MESH:C562388', 'Disease') :: ['bicuspid aortic valve']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['bicuspid pulmonary valve']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamsters']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac semilunar valves']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery anomaly']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Syrian hamsters']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity901 and @entity1945 have demonstrated activity as single agents against recurrent @entity902 -sensitive and -resistant @entity43 , as well as synergy in vitro. This was a dose-finding study of combination therapy with weekly @entity1945 and alternating-week @entity901 in @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 . METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had a diagnosis of recurrent @entity43 , a performance status of 0-2, and normal bone marrow, @entity177 . On days 1 and 15 of a 28-day cycle, @entity1 received a fixed dose of @entity901 (85 mg/m2) via intravenous infusion. On days 1, 8, and 15, @entity1 received an escalating dose of intravenous @entity1945 (2.0-4.0 mg/m2). Five dose levels were planned with a minimum cohort of 3 @entity1 at each level. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 were enrolled and received a total of 50 cycles of chemotherapy. The maximum tolerated dose was 85 mg/m2 of @entity901 and 3.0 mg/m2 of @entity1945 , and grade 3 @entity1398 was the dose-limiting @entity137 . Four of nine (44%) evaluable @entity1 had stable disease or a partial response to the drug combination as assessed by cancer antigen-125 levels. CONCLUSIONS: A 28-day schedule of @entity901 and @entity1945 is safe and well tolerated. Because of the in vitro synergy observed between topoisomerase I inhibitors and @entity902 derivatives and the tolerability reported in the current study, this regimen warrants further investigation.

title: A phase I trial of @entity901 and XXXX in recurrent @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin', 'Oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'ovarian or primary peritoneal carcinoma', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal, and hepatic function']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity1945 :: ('MESH:D019772', 'Chemical') :: ['topotecan']

answer: @entity1945 :: (MESH:D019772,Chemical) :: ['topotecan']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess subjective symptoms and objective clinical signs of @entity936 and investigate corneal sensitivity after high myopic LASIK. METHODS: Twenty eyes of 20 @entity1 with a mean age of 34 +/- 7.5 years who had undergone high myopic LASIK 2 to 5 years previously and 10 eyes of 10 controls with a mean age of 39.8 +/- 10.4 years were enrolled in the study. Clinical signs of @entity936 and subjective @entity936 were determined. The corneal sensitivity was assessed using non-contact esthesiometer. RESULTS: The preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -11.40 +/- 1.40 diopters (D) (range: -9.10 to -14.00 D) and the intended spherical equivalent refraction correction was -10.40 +/- 1.10 D (range: -8.30 to -12.50 D). Schirmer's test score was 14.4 +/- 8.9 mm in @entity1 and 9.0 +/- 4.2 mm in controls (P = .066). The break-up time was 15.9 +/- 11.2 seconds in @entity1 and 14.0 +/- 10.0 seconds in controls (P = .505). The mean corneal sensitivity was 73.5 +/- 29.6 mL/min in @entity1 and 78.0 +/- 18.7 mL/min in controls (P = .666). The majority (55%) of @entity1 still reported @entity936 . @entity2194 index indicating degree of @entity936 was significantly higher in LASIK @entity1 (18.6 +/- 13.4%) compared to controls (7.5 +/- 5.7%; P = .022). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity1 who received LASIK for @entity1714 reported ongoing @entity936 , although objective clinical signs of @entity1887 and @entity1183 were not demonstrable. We assume that symptoms represent a form of @entity16 rather than @entity936 .

title: XXXX after high myopic LASIK.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular surface disease']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['tear insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['corneal neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye syndrome', 'dry eye', 'dry eye symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['high myopia']

answer: @entity936 :: (MESH:D015352,Disease) :: ['Dry eye and corneal sensitivity']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity834 is a serious complication after @entity356 surgery. Despite the superiority of enteral nutrition (EN), total @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) remains the standard therapy for @entity834 . After introduction of EN via a nasointestinal tube for @entity1 with @entity834 in our institution in 2006, standard nutritional therapy was shifted gradually from @entity3147 to EN. The present preliminary study evaluates the safety and feasibility of EN via a nasointestinal tube for @entity834 after @entity356 surgery. METHODS: Retrospective review of all @entity356 surgeries from 2005 to 2009 (n   =   2,588) revealed 53 @entity1 (2.0%) who developed @entity834 and were treated conservatively. EN was performed via a nasointestinal tube inserted using a guidewire under X-ray fluoroscopy. Clinical outcomes and complications following EN were compared with those in @entity1 treated with @entity3147 (historical control group). The severity of complications was evaluated according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 were included in the final analysis (three @entity1 died): 29 @entity1 managed by EN and 21 managed by @entity3147 . There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes and the frequency of total complications between the two groups; however, there were fewer tube/catheter-related complications in the EN compared with the @entity3147 group (1 vs. 7, respectively; P   <   0.01). There was one @entity1415 (3.4%; grade I) in the EN group and seven @entity1212 (33.3%; grade II) in the @entity3147 group. The risk of grade II or higher complications was greater in the @entity3147 than the EN group (11 vs. 4, respectively; P   <   0.01), with the greatest difference seen in the incidence of @entity1212 . On days 7, 10, and 15 after diagnosis of leakage, the white blood cell count and @entity1851 levels were higher in the @entity3147 than in the EN group. The @entity3147 group required prolonged intravenous antibiotic infusion (P   <   0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Nasointestinal tube insertion with EN can be performed safely for @entity1 with @entity834 . A major advantage of EN is fewer @entity166 . Because EN was not inferior to @entity3147 in terms of clinical outcome, we recommended that it is used in @entity1 with @entity834 after @entity356 surgery.

title: Safe management of XXXX after @entity356 surgery with enteral nutrition via a nasointestinal tube.

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['catheter infections']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leakage', 'anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['parenteral nutrition', 'PN']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity834 :: (MESH:D057868,Disease) :: ['anastomotic leakage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to review the clinical outcomes of a novel minimally invasive surgery (MIS) technique for the treatment of instability of the lumbar spine using the cortical bone trajectory (CBT). We present a prospective review of the clinical outcomes from the first 25 consecutive cases in a single unit during the initial learning phase. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The investigation group included the first 25 @entity1 (eight males and 17 females) who underwent @entity601   since the introduction of this technique in a single unit. All @entity1 were operated on by the same surgeon. @entity1 ' demographics, as well as duration their surgery, intraoperative @entity190 , duration of hospitalization, and complications were analyzed. From the @entity1 ' satisfaction survey; pre and post-operative analgesics use, visual analogue scale (VAS) score for both @entity615 and radicular symptoms, as well as the @entity717 index (ODI) were measured and analyzed. RESULTS: There was a clear improvement in all measured parameters. The median intraoperative @entity190 was 250  ml (200-700) with an average operative time of 190 (  46) and 237 (  14) min for one- and two-level fixation respectively and a median hospital stay of 2  days (1-12) inclusive of the day of surgery. The mean preoperative ODI was 59  % (  18.7) versus 34  % (  19.5) post-operatively. In this series, 84  % of the @entity1 (n   =   21) reported a significant reduction in the use of analgesia, and 44  % (n   =   11) reported total freedom from intake of painkillers. The median postoperative @entity158 -free walking distance increased from 50 (0-3520) to 1000 (0-8880) yards. Three complications were reported without any significant postoperative morbidity. While in this case series the preoperative @entity615 VAS significantly predicted the post-operative variable, the same could not be demonstrated for @entity158 , preoperative walking distance, number of @entity158 killers, or the @entity1 body mass index (BMI). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that lumbar instrumentation using CBT is safe and effective with comparable results to those published for posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) even with the learning curve of new procedures. @entity1 who underwent a @entity601   needed a shorter operative time, and they were mobilized and discharged quicker, with figures almost similar to those from non-instrumented surgery. While in this case series the preoperative @entity615 VAS significantly predicted the post-operative variable, the same could not be demonstrated for @entity158 , preoperative walking distance, number of @entity158 killers, or the @entity1 BMI. Larger studies with longer follow-up are needed in order to better understand and assess the possible advantages of this technique.

title: Clinical outcomes during the learning curve of @entity601 ( XXXX  ) using the cortical bone trajectory.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain', 'ODI and back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'leg pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry disability']

answer: @entity601 :: (MESH:D009436,Disease) :: ['MIDLF']


abstract: Diagnosis and management of the @entity1 with @entity1151 remains a vexing clinical problem. Emboli are often unsuspected clinically. Ventilation-perfusion (VQ) scintigraphy is known to miss some emboli found on pulmonary angiography. Some physicians recommend diagnostic approaches in which the lung scan plays a relatively minor role, and angiography is required for many @entity1 . Major prospective studies recently have made available objective data for formulation and evaluation of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. These data suggest that the lung scan is a better predictor of @entity1 outcome than has been previously appreciated. The goal of V/Q scanning is not detection of pulmonary emboli per se, but rather the identification of @entity1 at a high or low risk for future embolic events if they are not anticoagulated. Several studies have shown that some emboli found on angiography are clinically benign and, in the absence of persistent @entity715 of the lower extremities, do not require anticoagulation. Treatment trials and clinical follow-up studies have shown that although the V/Q scan is not always predictive of angiogram results, it is a reliable predictor of @entity1 outcome. In the absence of @entity1150 , the low-probability scan identifies a @entity1 population not requiring anticoagulation. When combined with objective studies of the venous system, the ventilation-perfusion lung scan provides a guide to management in the great majority of @entity1 . Pulmonary angiography is required only occasionally.

title: Lung scanning in the diagnosis of XXXX : the emperor redressed.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: We examined the characteristics of @entity528 induced by @entity63 in the spinal cord. @entity2759 was induced in Long-Evans @entity35 by occlusion of the descending aorta with a 2F Fogarty catheter for 20 min (model 1) or more limited aortic occlusion (15 min) coupled with blood volume reduction (model 2); @entity35 were sacrificed 6 h-7 days later. The animals developed variable @entity1746 in model 1 and reliable @entity451 in model 2. The extent of histopathological @entity602 , being maximal in the lumbar cord, correlated well with the severity of @entity1746 . Two distinct types of @entity528 were observed, consistent with @entity39 and apoptosis. Neuronal @entity39 was seen in gray matter laminae 3-7, characterized by the rapid (6 h) onset of @entity1712 on @entity1710 / @entity1711 -stained sections, and gradual (1-7 days) development of eosinophilic ghosting. Although TUNEL positivity was present, disintegration of membranes and cytoplasmic organelles was seen under electron microscopy. @entity528 was seen after 1-2 days in dorsal horn laminae 1-3, characterized by both TUNEL positivity and electron microscopic appearance of nuclear chromatin aggregation and the formation of apoptotic bodies. DNA extracted from the @entity63 lumbar cord showed @entity1949 (laddering) on gel electrophoresis. These data suggest that distinct spinal cord neuronal populations may undergo @entity39 and apoptosis following transient @entity63 insults.

title: @entity528 and XXXX following spinal @entity2759 in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['internucleosomal fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord damage']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death', 'spinal cord neuronal death', 'Neuronal apoptosis']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Histone modification H4K20me3 and its methyltransferase @entity32773 have been implicated in suppression of tumorigenesis. The underlying mechanism is unclear, although H4K20me3 abundance increases during cellular senescence, a stable @entity1167 and @entity5 suppressor process, triggered by diverse molecular cues, including activated oncogenes. Here, we investigate the function of H4K20me3 in senescence and @entity5 suppression. RESULTS: Using immunofluorescence and ChIP-seq we determine the distribution of H4K20me3 in proliferating and senescent @entity1 cells. Altered H4K20me3 in senescence is coupled to H4K16ac and DNA methylation changes in senescence. In senescent cells, H4K20me3 is especially enriched at DNA sequences contained within specialized domains of @entity7905 ( @entity7905 ), as well as specific families of non-genic and genic repeats. Altered H4K20me3 does not correlate strongly with changes in gene expression between proliferating and senescent cells; however, in senescent  cells, but not proliferating cells, H4K20me3 enrichment at gene bodies correlates inversely with gene expression, reflecting de novo accumulation of H4K20 @entity19 at repressed genes in senescent cells, including at genes also repressed in proliferating cells. Although elevated @entity32773 upregulates H4K20me3, this does not accelerate senescence of primary @entity1 cells. However, elevated @entity32773 /H4K20me3 reinforces oncogene-induced senescence-associated @entity1167 and slows tumorigenesis in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: These results corroborate a role for chromatin in underpinning the senescence phenotype but do not support a major role for H4K20me3 in initiation of senescence. Rather, we speculate that H4K20me3 plays a role in heterochromatinization and stabilization of the epigenome and genome of pre-malignant, oncogene-expressing senescent cells, thereby suppressing epigenetic and genetic instability and contributing to long-term senescence-mediated @entity5 suppression.

title: Mapping H4K20me3 onto the chromatin landscape of senescent cells indicates a function in control of cell senescence and XXXX suppression through preservation of genetic and epigenetic stability.

entities_list: @entity7905 :: ('MESH:C565785', 'Disease') :: ['SAHF', 'senescence-associated heterochromatin foci']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['proliferation arrest']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: T-cell infiltrates in sural nerve biopsy specimens of @entity1 with @entity16 have been reported, suggesting a role for T cells in the pathogenesis, but the specificity of the presence and localization of sural nerve T cells in @entity2646 ( @entity2646 ) is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To study the diagnostic value of the number and distribution of sural nerve T cells in @entity2646 . METHODS: We performed a quantitative immunohistochemical examination of T cells in sural nerve biopsy specimens taken from 23 @entity1 with a @entity2646 and compared them with sural nerves of 15 @entity1 with a @entity305 ( @entity305 ), 5 @entity1 with a @entity16 , and 10 normal controls. RESULTS: T cells were found in sural nerves of all @entity2646 @entity1 as well as in all disease and normal controls. Only six @entity2646 @entity1 had increased numbers and densities of T cells compared with @entity305 @entity1 and controls. Based on the distribution of @entity1619 cells, it was not possible to differentiate @entity2646 @entity1 from @entity305 @entity1 or normal controls. In @entity1 and controls perivascular @entity1619 cells predominated. Increased numbers and densities of sural nerve T cells in @entity1 with @entity2646 were associated with female sex, a more severe disease course, worse outcome, highly elevated CSF protein level, and a larger sural nerve area, but not with @entity17 in the sural nerve biopsy sample or demyelinating features on electrophysiologic examination. CONCLUSIONS: In the majority of @entity2646 @entity1 , the number and distribution of T cells in sural nerve biopsy samples were similar to @entity1 with noninflammatory @entity16 and normal controls. Only large numbers of sural nerve T cells are specific for @entity16 and therefore of diagnostic value for @entity2646 .

title: The diagnostic value of sural nerve T cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['loss of myelinated nerve fibers']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['epineurial T', 'endoneurial or epineurial T']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitic neuropathy', 'neuropathies', 'inflammatory neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['CIAP', 'chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2646 :: ('MESH:D020277', 'Disease') :: ['CIDP', 'chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy']

answer: @entity2646 :: (MESH:D020277,Disease) :: ['chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the clinical and immunogenetic heterogeneity of @entity1723 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We divided 207 @entity1723 @entity1 into groups based on the interval from clinical onset to initiation of insulin therapy: group A (< 3 mo, acute clinical-onset group, n = 134), group B (3-12 mo, intermediate group, n = 31), and group C (> or = 13 mo, slowly progressive group, n = 42). Immunogenetic and clinical markers were compared between group A and group C. RESULTS: The mode age of onset was higher in group C (52 yr) than group A (10 yr). Group C had a higher prevalence of islet cell antibodies (42.9%, 18 of 42) than group A (25.4%, 34 of 134, P = 0.05). Serum C-peptide immunoreactivity assayed by radioimmunoassay in response to a 100-g oral @entity413 tolerance test was significantly higher in group C than in group A. Group C @entity1 were also more likely to have a family history of @entity2175 (26.1%, 11 of 42) among their first-degree relatives than group A @entity1 (11.2%, 15 of 134, P = 0.039). The prevalences of family history of @entity1723 and endocrine @entity792 were not different between groups C and A. The frequency of @entity792 was not different between group A (6.7%, 9 of 134) and group C (2.3%, 1 of 42). Significant associations with two class I major histocompatibility complex antigens (HLA-A24 and -Bw54) and one class II antigen (HLA-DR4) were observed in group A. Group A @entity1 were associated with three diabetogenic HLA-DQ haplotypes including DQA1*0301-DQB1*0401, DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302, and DQA1*0301-DQB1*0303. In contrast, group C lacked the association with class I antigens, although HLA-DR4 and @entity8167 *0301-DQB1*0401 were more common in this group than in control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the clinical subtype with slowly progressive course (slowly progressive @entity1723 ) has distinct findings including late-age onset, high prevalence of islet cell antibodies, preserved beta-cell function, and high family history of @entity2175 . An additive effect of class I and class II major histocompatibility complex antigens is suggested as an explanation for the acute clinical manifestations and more severe beta-cell destruction in group A @entity1 .

title: Immunogenetic and clinical characterization of slowly progressive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['complications of endocrine autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['IDDM']


abstract: This paper reviews the early and late results of 36 operations for @entity439 of the ascending aorta. @entity39 was the predominant cause of @entity439 formation (56%), followed by @entity4288 (25%), previous aortotomy (11%) and @entity6202 (8%). Dissection was encountered in 42%. The ascending aorta was replaced by a tubular Darcron graft in 26 @entity1 , whereas 10 underwent aneurysmorrhaphy. Additional procedures were aortic valve replacement (27), resuspension of the aortic commissures (4) and coronary ostial implantation into sinus-shaped composite Dacron graft (4). Hospital mortality (0--18 days) was 8/36 @entity1 (22%), but higher with @entity39 (30%), dissection (33%), duration of ECC greater than 180 minutes (38%), graft replacement (44%), emergency operation (45%) and heart volume greater than 900 ml/m2 BSA (50%). Late mortality (average 3 years) was 29%, but higher with @entity39 (33%), following aortic valve replacement (36%) and during anticoagulation (47%). Late cumulative survival (average 3 years) was 47% for the entire series, but only 33% in the presence of @entity39 . The poor overall prognosis for @entity1 with cystic medial degeneration was closely related to a high incidence of fatal @entity532 and late deaths from @entity1779 during anticoagulation. Radical exclusion of the diseased aortic wall and omission of long-term anticoagulation are therefore desirable in order to lower the mortality rate. Surgery concerns the @entity439 per se, the @entity337 and the coronary ostia. The sinus-shaped composite graft with a Bj  rk-Shiley prosthesis at its base appears to be a promising device for such a procedure, which should be performed electively, following early diagnosis in order to prevent dissection and emergency operations.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX of the ascending aorta: early experience with the sinus-shaped composite dacron graft.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['cystic medial necrosis', 'Cystic medial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic complications']

entities_list: @entity6202 :: ('MESH:D013589', 'Disease') :: ['syphilitic aortitis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic incompetence']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5426 ( @entity5426 ) is a rare, often multicentric @entity5 of the @entity135 region with a rather poor prognosis. The original clinical size of the @entity5 rarely correlates to the degree of microscopic tissue invasion. Treatment by surgical excision sometimes requires very wide excision. Treatment by radiation or electron beam appears less mutilating but its efficacy is not well documented. OBJECTIVE: To present our experience with a combined surgical delineation of @entity5 margins followed by radiation treatment. METHODS: We treated three @entity1 with extensive @entity5426 of the scalp and face. Prior to radiation, in two cases the @entity5 margins were determined by grid-pattern punch biopsies. In the third @entity1 , the @entity5 margins were determined by Mohs mapping system. All three @entity1 then received radiation either by rotational arc electron beam (n = 2) and standard radiation. RESULTS: One @entity1 developed two local recurrences in nonirradiated areas plus a metastatic cervical node, all of which responded to additional electron beam. The @entity1 has no evidence of disease (NED) after 30 months of observation. The other two @entity1 were treated by electron beam and radiation have NED at 5 and 1 years follow-up, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Local control of @entity5426 of the scalp may be achieved by assessment of the @entity5 margin by peripheral biopsies or Mohs technique followed by electron beam and radiation.

title: @entity5426 of the @entity135 managed by a combination of multiple biopsies to determine XXXX margin and radiation therapy. Report of three cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vascular tumor']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'Cutaneous angiosarcoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effects on the endometrium of a long term treatment with @entity440 in postmenopausal @entity1 , asymptomatic for @entity13374 , surgically treated for @entity0 . METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="SETTING" NlmCategory="METHODS">Outpatient menopausal clinic and endoscopic unit. @entity1 AND INTERVENTIONS: 45 @entity1 (Group I) were treated with 20 mg of @entity440 daily for a mean of 23.4 months. Seven @entity1 (Group II) represented the control group and did not receive @entity440 . A transvaginal ultrasonography and a hysteroscopic guided biopsy were performed in all @entity1 . RESULTS: Sagittal sonograms showed abnormal endometrial thickening (range 8-32 mm, mean 13 mm) in 17 @entity1 (35.4%) of Group I and in 1 @entity1 of Group II. Pathology on endometrial tissue sampling obtained at the time of hysteroscopy showed hyperplastic @entity1478 in 3 @entity1 (6.25%), @entity1869 in 16 @entity1 (33.4%), while 1 @entity1 had an @entity1204 on a background of @entity1373 and 1 had a superficial @entity1204 (4.1%). Out of the 7 @entity1 of Group II, one had an @entity1478 , while 6 had no relevant @entity1478 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms that @entity440 treatment is associated with an increased incidence of proliferative and neoplastic endometrial changes. No obvious correlation was found between the length of @entity440 exposure time and occurrence of endometrial pathologies. It is mandatory to undertake twice per year gynecological evaluations for @entity1 treated with @entity440 to promptly identify and correctly manage endometrial changes.

title: XXXX effects on endometrium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial polyp cancer', 'endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity13374 :: ('MESH:D005831', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial abnormalities', 'endometrial polyps', 'endometrial polyp']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial hyperplasia']

answer: @entity440 :: (MESH:D013629,Chemical) :: ['Tamoxifen']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity99 treatment is changing from operative treatment (OT) to non-operative treatment (NOT). In 2000 the American Pediatric Surgical Association has published guidelines for NOT of these injuries. Little is known about the treatment of paediatric @entity409 in the Netherlands. @entity1 AND METHODS: Data of all @entity1 aged 18 years and younger admitted to our hospital for blunt @entity99 in the past 18 years were retrospectively analysed using a prospective @entity130 registry. The mechanism of injury, treatment, ICU admission time, total admission time, morbidity and mortality were assessed. Subsequently the group was divided into @entity1 treated before and after 2000. RESULTS: Eighty @entity1 were identified: 52M, 28F with a mean age of 12 years (range 2-18). Thirty @entity1 sustained isolated @entity99 . Concomitant injuries were @entity174 of long bones (28), abdominal (25), chest (24) and @entity542 (18). Mean ISS score was 18 (range 4-57). Mortality was 8%. Mechanisms of injury consisted of bicycle (25%), car (20%), and motorcycle accidents (15%), pedestrian hit by vehicle (15%), fall from height (14%) and accidents associated with animals (11%). Haemodynamically stable @entity1 underwent NOT (55). 25 @entity1 (31%) underwent a laparotomy, which in 20 cases (80%) was related to @entity99 . Although the groups treated before and after 2000 did not differ haemodynamically on admission to hospital, a shift to NOT is evident: 24/37 (63%) @entity1 underwent NOT before 2000 versus 38/45 (84%) after 2000 (p=0.04). Complications following NOT were rare. Late onset @entity548 did not occur. Two @entity1 developed an @entity281 , requiring a laparotomy. Mean ICU stay before 2000 was 4.2 days (range 0-25 days) and 2.6 days (range 0-17 days) after 2000. Total hospital time did not decrease: 14 days (range 1-39 days) before 2000 and 14 days (range 1-60 days) after 2000. The overall mortality was 8%. All @entity204 occurred in the operative group and were spread evenly over both periods. CONCLUSION: In blunt paediatric @entity409 , the incidence and @entity130 mechanism seem age-related. A shift to NOT is found in the treatment of paediatric blunt @entity99 . NOT is the preferred treatment for the haemodynamically stable @entity1 . Complications are rare and the success rate is 96%. The mean ICU stay has decreased but the total admission time could possibly be shortened.

title: Paediatric blunt @entity409 in a Dutch level 1 XXXX center.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver trauma']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infected biloma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Paediatric blunt hepatic trauma', 'hepatic injury', 'liver injury', 'hepatic trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: A retrospective review of @entity1 with @entity259 ( @entity259 ) who were seen between 1984 and 1996 at the Royal Marsden Hospital identified 40 patients with serum @entity3745 antibodies (TgAb). These antibodies can interfere with the immunoradiometric assay for serum @entity3745 (Tg) used at this hospital, with resulting underestimation of the Tg level. A review of the case notes was carried out to ascertain the clinical significance of TgAb. The median follow-up from diagnosis of @entity259 was 26 months (range 3-401). The median age at diagnosis of @entity259 was 50 years (range 13-83). @entity1 were grouped according to the TgAb titre (high titre: TgAb >1/100, n = 28; low titre TgAb <1/100, n = 12). Thirteen @entity1 relapsed, 11 in the high titre group and two in the low titre group. Sites of recurrence were: neck (n = 9), lung (n = 5), bone (n = 4) and brain (n = 2). No @entity1 in the high titre group showed an elevated Tg with recurrence. One @entity1 in the low titre group showed a Tg response to recurrence. Overall, the Tg assay failed to detect 92% of recurrences. Eight @entity1 in the high titre group developed TgAb, apparently in response to @entity5 progression. In a third @entity1 in the low titre group, the TgAb also acted as a ' @entity5 marker'. Thus, overall TgAb acted as a @entity5 marker in nine of the 40 (22.5%) @entity1 in whom it was detected, and in nine of the 470 (1.9%) @entity1 on follow-up during this time period. The overall survival of the whole group was 69% at 10 years. For @entity1 with @entity1377 (n = 34) overall survival was 78% at 10 years. Laboratories should report routinely the presence of TgAb, with a caution indicating the direction of possible error (which depends on the assay used). Clinicians should appreciate that Tg measurements are unreliable in the presence of TgAb and that the development of TgAb can indicate active @entity5 .

title: @entity3745 antibodies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['DTC', 'differentiated thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['differentiated thyroid cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity526 O157:H7 infection often causes @entity548 and @entity1381 . METHODS: In 2006, the Wisconsin Division of Public Health and the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, in cooperation with other local, state, and federal partners, investigated an outbreak of @entity526 O157:H7 infection. RESULTS: In September 2006, the Wisconsin Division of Public Health and the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene were able to link geographically dispersed @entity526 O157:H7 isolates recovered from the stool samples of ill @entity1 , all of which had the same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern (i.e., outbreak pattern). Investigators conducted a case-control study with control subjects (n = 86) matched to case @entity1 (n = 49) by age, sex, and residential location. All case @entity1 ' onsets of illness occurred during the period from 20 August through 14 September 2006. Illness was associated with @entity2772 consumption (matched odds ratio, 82.1; 95% confidence interval, 14.7 to >1000). Of the 49 case @entity1 , 26 (53%) recalled eating brand A @entity2772 . On multibrand analysis, only brand A was associated with illness (undefined matched odds ratio; 95% confidence interval, 6.8-infinity). Wisconsin's agriculture laboratory isolated @entity526 O157:H7 with the outbreak pattern from @entity2772 in 2 brand A packages, both produced on 15 August 2006. CONCLUSIONS: The rapid multijurisdictional epidemiologic and laboratory response, including timely pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern analysis and PulseNet posting, facilitated prompt @entity1129 @entity2772 .

title: Multistate outbreak of @entity526 O157:H7 infection associated with consumption of packaged XXXX , August-September 2006: the Wisconsin investigation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic colitis']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary recall of brand A']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity2772 :: (3562,Species) :: ['spinach']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of combined autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell and @entity1655 gene therapy in @entity1 with @entity6 suffering from @entity4218 ( @entity4218 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The administration of mononuclear cells (MNCs) and naked @entity1655 plasmid was performed in 16 limbs of 16 @entity1 with @entity158 and @entity1066 due to @entity6 . MNCs and plasmid were injected into the muscles of the ischaemic limbs. The levels of @entity7 in serum and the ankle-brachial index (ABI) were measured before and after treatment. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate @entity158 sensation. CT angiography was performed before and after three months of therapy. RESULTS: Mean (   SD) plasma levels of @entity7 increased non-significantly from 257    80 pg/L to 391    82 pg/L (p     0.05) two weeks after therapy. The ABI improved significantly from 0.26    0.22 to 0.49    0.30 (p     0.001) three months after therapy. A decrease in @entity158 was observed in all @entity1 ; mean VAS decreased from 6.3    1.4 to 1.2    1.1 after three months (p     0.002). Angiograms showed the development of collateral vessels in 12 limbs. Ischaemic @entity1066 healed in 12 limbs. Amputation was performed in four @entity1 only, because of advanced wound @entity281 . However, the level of amputations was lowered below knee level in these cases. Complications were limited to transient leg @entity4 in two @entity1 and @entity221 in two @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Intramuscular bone marrow MNCs autotransplantation combined with the administration of phVEGF165 gene is safe, feasible and effective for @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity4218 .

title: Transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells with XXXX gene improves @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic ulcers', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['CLI', 'critical limb ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rest pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['VEGF']


abstract: Radiation-induced @entity2910 can cause substantial morbidity. Experiments in lab animals have shown that pretreatment with @entity3352 protects the esophagus from radiation damage. We conducted a prospective, double-blind, randomized trial of @entity1623 vs placebo in @entity1 undergoing thoracic radiation therapy for @entity2 . Twenty-eight @entity1 were enrolled, of which 26 completed the study. Sixteen @entity1 were given a short course of radiation (30 Gy/10 fractions/2 weeks), and 10 @entity1 were given a longer course and a larger dose (40-50 Gy/25 fractions/5 weeks). Half of the irradiated @entity1 were treated with @entity1623 , 375 mg, taken orally twice a day, and half were given an identical placebo. All @entity1 were given @entity5616 300 mg, taken orally once a day. Study drugs were taken throughout the course of radiation. Endoscopy with esophageal biopsies and brushings was performed before and on the last day of treatment. @entity1 kept a daily diary for symptom scoring. Symptoms such as @entity662 , @entity1282 , odynophagia, and/or heartburn were reported in 15 @entity1 from both subgroups, resulting in diet restriction to liquids only in eight @entity1 and requiring temporary discontinuation of radiation therapy in one of them. Approximately half the @entity1 in each subgroup developed @entity2910 , usually mild and usually limited to the proximal esophagus. Severity of symptoms was not proportional to the severity of @entity2910 . Candidiasis was documented in eight @entity1 , but only four had symptoms that were severe in one. We conclude that @entity6937 to the esophagus is observed in approximately half the @entity1 receiving radiation therapy and can result in substantial morbidity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Morphology and pathology of radiation-induced @entity2910 . Double-blind study of XXXX vs placebo for prevention of radiation injury.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity6937 :: ('MESH:D054508', 'Disease') :: ['acute radiation injury']

answer: @entity1623 :: (MESH:D009288,Chemical) :: ['naproxen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Avulsion of the tibial insertion of the posterior cruciate ligament is commonly repaired via open reduction and internal fixation with a screw, Kirschner's wire, and suture. In the case of a major bony fragment, this technique is adequate to achieve rigid fixation. In the case of an @entity174 with a small bony fragment, however, it is not uncommon to break the bone fragment during screw fixation. We describe a new technique for fixation of an @entity174 with a small bony fragment. The technique uses a double bundles pull-through suture technique that repairs the anterolateral and posteromedial components of the posterior cruciate ligament simultaneously. METHODS: From March 1994 through May 1997, 12 @entity1 with small tibial @entity155 fractures of the posterior cruciate ligament were treated using this technique. RESULTS: At an average of 18 months after surgery (range, 12-24 months), the preliminary clinical and radiographic results were satisfactory. Eleven @entity1 could return to the same or a higher level of preinjury sports activity. According to the International Knee Documentation Committee rating system, 10 of the 12 @entity1 had normal or nearly normal ratings. CONCLUSION: The double bundles pull-through suture technique can avoid the risk of breakage of the small bony fragment, does not require the removal of hardware, and can achieve adequate repair in the anatomic situation. Our clinical experience suggests that it is a good choice for fixation in cases of @entity174 with a small bony fragment.

title: Fixation of small tibial XXXX of the posterior cruciate ligament using the double bundles pull-through suture method.

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['avulsion fracture']


abstract: A case of @entity438 showing remarkable extravasation into the lateral ventricle was reported. This 9-month-old female baby fell down from 30 cm height and hit the right occipital area against the concrete floor. Immediately after the accident she cried, but three minutes later @entity386 and @entity1167 were developed. On admission, plain craniogram showed a linear skull @entity174 extending from the parietal to occipital area on her right side. Since the retrograde vertebral angiography performed through the right brachial artery revealed no finding of @entity1410 , the @entity1 was treated conservatively. On the third day from the accident, she developed @entity410 on her right leg and the left CAG showed an @entity439 of 5 mm X 3 mm size at C2 portion of the carotid artery but no @entity1410 was detected. As plain craniograms taken with intervals revealed progressive suture separation, V-P shunt was performed. Immediately after the operation, @entity5564 was noted on the left side. The left CAG showed remarkable extravasation of the contrast medium from the @entity439 into the left lateral ventricle. Trapping of the @entity439 was performed and the clot was removed out of the left lateral ventricle as much as possible. Ten months after surgery, she was able to eat. Development and treatment of traumatic @entity439 and extravasation from @entity439 of various origin have been discussed.

title: [Traumatic @entity438 showing remarkable extravasation into the lateral ventricle--report of a case in an XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic cerebral aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity5564 :: ('MESH:D015878', 'Disease') :: ['mydriasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the refractive outcome of @entity231 @entity1 3 months postoperatively using optical biometry obtained with a prototype version (axial length measurement, ALM, Carl Zeiss Jena) of the commercial partial coherence interferometry (PCI) instrument (IOLMaster, Carl Zeiss Jena). SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Vienna General Hospital, and Institute of Medical Physics, University of Vienna, Austria. METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 with age-related @entity231 in both eyes were scheduled for bilateral @entity231 surgery. Axial length was measured preoperatively with a prototype (ALM) of the commercial PCI instrument as well as with immersion ultrasound (IUS). Immersion US was performed by a single experienced investigator. In each @entity1 , the first eye was randomly assigned to receive an intraocular lens (IOL) using the Holladay IOL power formula based on ALM or IUS biometry. The other biometric technique was used in the contralateral eye. Subjective refractive outcome was assessed 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Refractive outcomes with the 2 techniques did not differ significantly (P = .28). The mean numerical error (MNE) (the difference between the refractive outcome 3 months postoperatively and the predicted spherical equivalent) was 0.13 diopter (D) and 0.03 D for the ALM and IUS, respectively. The mean absolute error (MAE) (the absolute value of MNE) was 0.48 D (range 0.00 to 1.58 D) and 0.46 D (range 0.01 to 1.92 D) with the ALM and IUS, respectively. By recalculating the surgeon factor retrospectively to correct the Holladay formula to obtain a postoperative MNE of zero, a theoretical MAE of 0.46 D was obtained with both biometry techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Refractive outcome in @entity231 @entity1 using PCI biometry was as good as that achieved with optimized IUS. However, the difference in axial length measured by the ALM compared to that measured by IUS must be considered when using the IOL A-constants supplied by the manufacturers.

title: Refractive outcome of XXXX surgery using partial coherence interferometry and ultrasound biometry: clinical feasibility study of a commercial prototype II.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous reports have established the association of @entity566 with @entity1184 , and @entity1184 is a well known co-morbid factor in @entity1 with @entity2023 . Very little is known about the association of history of @entity566 with timing of first presentation in adenotonsillitis @entity1 . SETTING: Tertiary care urban referral hospital. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive analysis of prospectively collected data. METHODS: All cases which had adenotonsillectomy carried out between September 2005 and September 2012 at National Hospital Abuja that met the selection criteria were recruited and analyzed on the basis of family history of @entity566 in first degree relatives, clinical history of @entity2023 , @entity565 and @entity483 . RESULT: Total of 434 cases were recruited. Mean age was 5 years (range 9 months-15 years, std. dev. 3.535). 56% of @entity1 were aged 3 years and below. 22, 15, and 16% of @entity1 aged 3 years and below had family history of @entity566 , @entity2023 and @entity483 respectively compared to 6, 4 and 4% for @entity1 aged above 3 years. The mean age at onset of symptoms is 7.59, 10.32, and 13.62 months for @entity1 with family history of @entity566 , @entity2023 and @entity483 respectively and 23.890 months for @entity1 with no history of atopy or @entity566 . Family history of @entity566 significantly predicts onset of symptoms before age 6 months (OR 7.59, 95% CI 4.74-12.12, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Family history of @entity566 and presence of clinical @entity56 or @entity483 are related to early onset of symptoms in Nigerian @entity1 with @entity2347 / @entity1184 .

title: Allergy history as a predictor of early onset @entity2347 / XXXX among Nigerian @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['clinical allergic rhinitis', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['adenotonsillar hypertrophy', 'adenoidal and tonsillar hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['adenotonsillar hypertrophy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The in-vivo progression of creep and wear in ultra-high molecular weight @entity691 (UHMWPE) acetabular liners has been clinically evaluated by measuring radiographic penetration of femoral heads. In such clinical assessments, however, viscoelastic strain relaxation has been rarely considered after a removal of hip joint loading, potentially leading to an underestimation of the penetrated thickness. The objective of this study was to investigate shape-recovery behavior of pre-compressed, radiation crosslinked and antioxidant @entity270 -diffused UHMWPE acetabular liners, and also to characterize the effects of varying their internal diameter (ID) and @entity121 ( @entity121 ). We applied uniaxial compression to the UHMWPE specimens of various ID (28, 32, 36mm) and @entity121 (4.8, 6.8, 8.9mm) for 4320min under the constant load of 3000N, and subsequently monitored the strain-relaxation behavior as a function of time after unloading. It was observed that there was a considerable shape recovery of the components after removal of the external static load. Reducing ID and @entity121 significantly accelerated the rate of creep strain recovery, and varying @entity121 was more sensitive to the recovery behavior than ID. Creep deformation of the tested liners recovered mostly within the first 300min after unloading. Note that approximately half of the total recovery amount proceeded just within 5min after unloading. These results suggest a remarkably high capability of shape recovery of @entity270 -diffused highly crosslinked UHMWPE. In conclusion, the time-dependent shape recovering and the diameter-thickness effect on its behavior should be carefully considered when the postoperative penetration is quantified in highly crosslinked UHMWPE acetabular liners (especially on the non-weight bearing radiographs).

title: Post-deformation shape-recovery behavior of @entity270 -diffused, radiation crosslinked XXXX acetabular components.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['wall thickness', 'WT']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

answer: @entity691 :: (MESH:D020959,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate whether @entity460 deposition in the coronary arteries is related to @entity731 burden and narrowing of the arterial lumen. BACKGROUND: Many studies have recently documented the feasibility of electron beam computed tomography to detect and quantify @entity729 in @entity1 . Although these studies suggest a general relation between @entity730 and severity of @entity453 , the value of coronary @entity460 in defining @entity731 and coronary lumen narrowing is unclear. Previous pathologic comparisons have failed to detail such a relation in identical histologic sections. This finding may be due to @entity731 . METHODS: A total of 37 nondecalcified coronary arteries were processed, sectioned at 3-mm intervals (723 sections) and evaluated by computer planimetry and densitometry. RESULTS: A significant relation between @entity460 area and plaque area was found on a per-heart basis (n = 13, r = 0.87, p < 0.0001), per-artery basis (left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD]: n = 13, r = 0.89, p < 0.0001; left circumflex coronary artery [LCx]: n = 11, r = 0.7, p < 0.001; right coronary artery [RCA]: n = 13, r = 0.89, p < 0.0001) and per-segment basis (n = 723, r = 0.52, p < 0.0001). In contrast, a poor relation existed between residual histologic lumen area and @entity460 area for individual hearts (r = 0.48, p = NS), individual coronary arteries (LAD: r = 0.59, p = NS; LCx: r = 0.10, p = NS; RCA: r = 0.59, p = NS) and coronary segments (r = 0.07, p = NS). Longitudinal changes in external elastic lamina areas were highly correlated with changes in plaque area values (r = 0.60, p < 0.0001), whereas lumen area did not correlate with plaque size change (r = 0.01, p = NS). CONCLUSIONS: Coronary @entity460 quantification is an excellent method of assessing @entity731 presence at individual artery sites. Moreover, the amount of @entity460 correlates with the overall magnitude of @entity731 burden. This study suggests that the remodeling phenomenon is the likely explanation for the lack of a good predictive value between lumen narrowing and quantification of mural @entity730 .

title: @entity729 and not lumen stenosis is highly correlated with @entity731 burden in XXXX : a histologic study of 723 coronary artery segments using nondecalcifying methodology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery calcification']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic remodeling', 'atherosclerotic plaque']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: There is a clear evidence that environmental pollutants, such as @entity3014 ( @entity3015 ), can have detrimental effects on the immune system, whereas the underlying mechanisms still remain elusive. Jurkat T cells share many properties with native T lymphocytes and therefore are an appropriate model to analyze the effects of environmental pollutants on T cells and their activation. Since environmental compounds frequently occur at low, not acute toxic concentrations, we analyzed the effects of two subtoxic concentrations, 50nM and 5 M, on non- and activated cells. @entity3015 interferes directly with the stimulation process as proven by an altered @entity1199 secretion. Furthermore, @entity3015 exposure results in significant proteomic changes as shown by DIGE analysis. Pathway analysis revealed an involvement of the @entity5874 independent @entity13791 pathway in the altered processes observed in unstimulated and stimulated cells. A participation of the @entity13791 pathway in the change of @entity1199 secretion was confirmed by exposing cells to the @entity13791 activator tBHQ. @entity45070 and 5 M @entity3015 caused similar alterations of @entity1199 secretion and @entity1160 / @entity2227 metabolism. Moreover, the proteome changes in unstimulated cells point towards a modified regulation of the cytoskeleton and cellular stress response, which was proven by western blotting. Additionally, there is a strong evidence for alterations in metabolic pathways caused by @entity3015 exposure in stimulated cells. Especially the @entity1160 / @entity2227 metabolism was indicated by proteome pathway analysis and validated by metabolite measurements. The detrimental effects were slightly enhanced in stimulated cells, suggesting that stimulated cells are more vulnerable to the environmental pollutant model compound @entity3015 .

title: @entity3014 affects Jurkat T cells in the activated state via the antioxidant response element dependent @entity13791 pathway leading to decreased @entity1199 secretion and redirecting XXXX metabolism.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]pyrene']

answer: @entity1160 :: (CHEBI:28300,Chemical) :: ['glutamine']