abstract: A phase II trial was conducted to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of incorporating cetuximab and simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiation therapy (SIB-IMRT) into a well-described @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity1862 (HU)-based chemoradiation regimen. @entity1 with stage IVa-IVb or high-risk @entity5 were enrolled. Prior organ-conserving surgery or induction chemotherapy was allowed. IMRT was administered in 1.5 Gy fractions twice daily on days 1-5 of weeks 1, 3, 5, 7  9 for a total dose of 60-73.5 Gy. Concurrent systemic therapy consisted of @entity1487 (600 mg/m2), HU (500 mg BID) and cetuximab (250 mg/m2). @entity986 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. From January 2007 to January 2010, 65 @entity1 (61 with stage IV disease; 31 with oropharyngeal primaries) were enrolled. At a median follow-up of 28 months, 2-year locoregional control, distant control, progression-free survival, event-free survival and overall survival were 79, 83, 72, 63 and 80%, respectively. In 48 @entity1 with available pre-treatment tissue, @entity986 overexpression was associated with significantly increased distant control (p=0.03), progression-free survival (p=0.02), event-free survival (p=0.007) and overall survival (p=0.03). The most common grade 3-4 @entity137 were @entity33 (46%), @entity1431 (18%), @entity417 (18%) and @entity1909 (17%). Concurrent @entity1487 , HU, cetuximab and SIB-IMRT is a highly active regimen, particularly in @entity1 with @entity986 -positive disease.

title: Prognostic significance of XXXX in locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer treated with concurrent @entity1487 , @entity1862 , cetuximab and intensity-modulated radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity986 :: (1029,Gene) :: ['p16']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2682 has shown acute postoperative analgesic effects, but the optimal dose and procedure-specific benefits vs. harm have not been clarified. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding study, 300 opioid-naive @entity1 scheduled for total knee arthroplasty were randomized (1:1:1) to either @entity2682 1300 mg/day (group A), @entity2682 900mg/day (group B) or placebo (group C) daily from 2 hours preoperatively to postoperative day 6 in addition to a standardized multimodal analgesic regime. The primary outcome was @entity158 upon ambulation 24 hours after surgery, the secondary outcome sedation6 hours after surgery. Other outcomes were @entity158 during well-defined mobilizations and at rest, and sedation during the first 48hours and from day2-6, @entity1286 use, @entity148 , @entity308 , @entity25 , and @entity390 , @entity391 , dizziness, concentration difficulty, @entity227 , and adverse reactions. @entity158 upon ambulation [VAS, mean (95% CI)] 24hours after surgery in group A vs. B vs. C was: 41(37-46) vs.41(36-45) vs.42(37-47), p=0.93. Sedation [NRS, median (range)] 6hours after surgery was: 3.2(0-10) vs.2.6 (0-9) vs.2.3 (0-9), the mean difference Avs.C being 0.9(0.2-1.7),p=0.046. No between-group differences were observed in @entity158 or @entity1286 use the first 48hours and from day2-6. Sleep quality was better during the first 2 nights in group A and Bvs.C. @entity1296 was more pronounced from day2-6 in Avs. C. More severe adverse reactions were observed in group Avs.B and C. In conclusion, @entity2682 may have limited if any role in acute @entity282 management of opioid-naive @entity1 undergoing total knee arthroplasty and should not be recommended as standard of care.

title: Analgesic and sedative effects of perioperative XXXX in total knee arthroplasty A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['Dizziness']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['head-ache, visual disturbances']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['Gabapentin', 'gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'overall pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep quality']

answer: @entity2682 :: (MESH:C040029,Chemical) :: ['gabapentin']


abstract: We investigated the diagnostic and prognostic value of @entity876 expression and proliferative activity, as indicated by the Ki-67, in endoscopic biopsy specimens. Specimens were immunologically stained with @entity876 and @entity1758 (Ki-67), and the @entity1758 /Ki-67 @entity894 ( @entity894 ) was calculated. Classification of @entity652 was based on findings of H_E-stained preparations into those with low- or high-grade atypia. Well-differentiated tubular and @entity4937 were classified as @entity189 with low- or high-grade atypia. There were significant differences among the control and @entity652 @entity1 in @entity1758 /Ki-67 @entity894 (P < 0.05). No significant difference was identified between @entity652 with high grade atypia and @entity189 with low grade atypia. The @entity876 expression was negative in all @entity652 , but it was positive in 68.2% of @entity189 . The current study demonstrated that @entity876 protein expression in endoscopic biopsy specimens was of preoperative diagnostic value for @entity189 of the ampulla of Vater. The @entity876 protein positive @entity5 had a relatively higher malignant potential than @entity876 protein negative ones. The @entity1758 /Ki-67 @entity894 was useful in differentiating non-tumorous lesions from @entity652 and @entity652 with low- or high-grade atypia. The @entity1758 /Ki-67 @entity894 had a prognostic value because clinicopathological factors of @entity189 correlated with @entity1758 /Ki-67 @entity894 .

title: Usefulness of endoscopic biopsy using immunostaining of XXXX and Ki-67 in @entity5 of the ampulla of Vater.

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labeling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity4937 :: ('MESH:D000231', 'Disease') :: ['papillary adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'carcinoma of ampulla of Vater']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: Nerve growth factor ( @entity2137 ) and its precursor (proNGF) are primarily considered as regulators of neuronal function that induce their responses via the @entity669 kinase receptor @entity3249 and the pan-neurotrophin receptor @entity11451 . It has been generally held that @entity2137 exerts its effects primarily through @entity3249 , inducing a cascade of @entity669 kinase-initiated responses, while proNGF binds more strongly to @entity11451 . When this latter entity interacts with a third receptor, sortilin, apoptotic responses are induced in contrast to the survival/differentiation associated with the other two. Recent studies have outlined portions of the downstream phosphoproteome of @entity3249 in the neuronal PC12 cells and have clarified the contribution of individual docking sites in the @entity3249 endodomain. The patterns observed showed a similarity with the profile induced by the @entity10816 , which is extensively associated with oncogenesis. Indeed, as with other neurotrophic factors, the distribution of @entity3249 and @entity11451 is not limited to neuronal tissue, thus providing an array of targets outside the nervous systems. One such source is @entity0 cells, in which @entity2137 and proNGF stimulate @entity0 cell survival/growth and enhance cell invasion, respectively. This latter activity is exerted via @entity3249 (as opposed to @entity11451 ) in conjunction with sortilin. Another tissue overexpressing proNGF is @entity263 and here the ability of @entity5 cells to induce neuritogenesis has been implicated in @entity5 progression. These studies show that the non-neuronal functions of @entity2137 are likely integrated with their neuronal activities and point to the clinical utility of these growth factors and their receptors as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for @entity3 and @entity5 .

title: XXXX and ProNGF: Regulation of neuronal and neoplastic responses through receptor signaling.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity10816 :: ('24329(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity2137 :: (310738(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['NGF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess sexually-transmitted @entity281 (STIs) quality of care, @entity751 and applicability by @entity1 and health workers in Burkina Faso. METHOD: Three approaches were used: simulated @entity1 method to assess quality of STIs care, @entity1 interview and focus discussion with health workers to assess @entity751 and applicability. RESULTS: Sixty-two anonymous visits were made in 17 Bobo-Dioulasso primary care clinics. Overall, history taking were assessed in 77.4% of visits, 47% @entity1 were physically examined. @entity1 (71%) were examined more frequently than @entity1 (41%) (P=0.01), 42% of @entity1 were not examined in an isolated room. Medication was prescribed for 87.1% of the @entity1 but only 37.5% of the treatments were applied according to national recommendations. Counselling was poor concerning critical messages regarding risk of @entity645 transmission, STI prevention. @entity1 and health workers found the syndromic approach acceptable and applicable, but the question of sexual behaviour was considered difficult to address. CONCLUSION: Quality of STIs care is poor in Burkna Faso. Staff training must emphasize interpersonal communication and motivation, with introduction of a sexually-transmitted infection syndrome package consisting of drugs and condoms in order to improve syndromic case management.

title: [Quality of care and sexually transmitted XXXX algorithm acceptability in Burkina Faso].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['syndromic approach acceptability']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mismatch repair (MMR) status has been proposed, with some controversy, as a prognostic and predictive @entity5 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between MMR and survival in @entity5 . METHODS: A total of 860 @entity1 with curatively resected @entity5 were selected for inclusion between January 2003 and December 2008. @entity5 lacking expression of @entity6756 and/or @entity4311 , as determined by immunohistochemistry, were classified as having deficient MMR (dMMR), whereas other @entity5 were classified as having proficient MMR (pMMR). Clinical risk (CR) factors were used to divide @entity1 into high or standard CR groups. RESULTS: Of 860 @entity1 , 14.7 % were dMMR, 42.4 % had >= 1 CR factors, and 85.8 % @entity1 received adjuvant chemotherapy. MMR status did not affect disease-free survival (DFS; hazard ratio [HR] 1.191, p = 0.415) or @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ; HR 1.300, p = 0.344). Among CR factors, only pathologic @entity66 tended to associate with poor @entity1349 (HR 1.979, p = 0.071). Adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with better DFS (HR 0.393, p < 0.0001) in @entity1 with pMMR @entity5 . However, in @entity1 with dMMR @entity5 , adjuvant chemotherapy was not associated with DFS. CONCLUSIONS: MMR status did not affect DFS or @entity1349 in @entity1 with @entity5 . In @entity1 treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, dMMR was not associated with DFS and @entity1349 . However, adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with improved DFS in pMMR @entity1 .

title: Defective Mismatch Repair Status was not Associated with DFS and @entity1349 in XXXX Treated with Adjuvant Chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['T4 disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'stage II colon cancer', 'marker in stage II colon cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Stage II Colon Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We studied the efficiency and the morbidity of endoscopic @entity1290 during laparoscopic @entity1901 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six @entity1 presenting with an @entity1901 resisting to ESWL and four @entity1 presenting with an UPJ obstruction were studied. Every @entity1 had one to five associated @entity1290 . The @entity1 were operated with transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy or pyeloplasty. An endoscopy of the upper urinary tract was realized during the same operating time through laparoscopic access. A flexible ureteroscope (five cases) or semi-flexible ureteroscope (one case) were used after ureterolithotomy. A fibroscope (four cases) was used before pyeloplasty. The endoscope was introduced through the port of the iliac fossa and the stones were extracted with a basket grasper. The @entity1 were followed by abdominal plain film 12 weeks after surgery, by IPV six weeks after surgery and then annually with abdominal plain film and ultrasound. RESULTS: No operative complication arose. Nine of 10 @entity1 had a complete extraction of the @entity1290 (one @entity1 had an extraction only of four out of five @entity1290 ). No damage of any endoscope was observed. At a minimum follow-up of 18 months, no @entity292 nor stenosis of the ureter was diagnosed. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic @entity1290 through laparoscopic access of the upper urinary tract is effective, sure and reproducible. Such procedure requires experience in laparoscopy and endoscopy of the upper urinary tract. The evaluation of this procedure must be pursued.

title: [Endoscopic removal of XXXX through laparoscopic access of the ureter and the pelvis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['kidney stones', 'removal of kidney stones']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['removal of ureteral stone', 'ureteral stone']

answer: @entity1290 :: (MESH:D007669,Disease) :: ['renal stones']


abstract: On computerized tomography (CT) screening for @entity2 within the Early Lung Cancer Action Project, both at baseline and repeat screening, we found not only solid but also subsolid nodules, which unlike solid ones do not completely obscure the lung parenchyma. We established that subsolid nodules represent approximately 20% of the nodules shown on screening and that they have a higher frequency of @entity5 than solid nodules. Although we found growth of solid nodules to be a reliable indicator of @entity5 , growth of subsolid nodules was more difficult to assess. On review of our results to date in screening, we have continued to refine our definition of a positive result of screening from that given in our initial publication on screening. We have also provided an updated screening regimen. It starts with the initial, low-dose CT test and for all those with positive results on this initial test, the regimen continues by specifying the work-up needed to rule-in a diagnosis of @entity5 . In this regimen, we found growth assessed by high-resolution CT to be a useful indicator of @entity5 and have developed image-processing tools to help in this assessment. Once growth is ascertained, we recommend fine-needle aspiration for confirmation of @entity5 . It may be that once criteria for definitive growth are established and validated, fine-needle aspiration may become optional. However, in the meantime, in the context of screening, a more cautious approach is warranted.

title: Computerized tomography screening for XXXX : new findings and diagnostic work-up.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse the trend in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant response as key markers of oxidative stress after paediatric cardiovascular surgery, and compare them with other internationally accepted clinical prognostic indicators. @entity1 AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted on 30 @entity1 aged one month to 14 years, weight>5kg, undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Blood samples were taken just before the intervention, immediately after surgery, and after 18-20h. Cell membrane lipid peroxidation was analysed by quantifying @entity1234 , as well as measuring total @entity2041 (oxidized and reduced), as representatives of antioxidant response. An analysis was also performed on clinical variables for establishing a score for the @entity1850 associated with cardiopulmonary bypass. RESULTS: The study included 30 @entity1 with a mean age of 4.1 years old (interquartile range [IQR]: 2.7; 8.0). Of these, 62.1% were @entity1 . The standard deviation of the median weight was -0.39 (IQR: -0.76; 0.24), the median height was -0.22 (IQR: -0.74; 0.27), and the median BMI was -0.43 (IQR: -1; 0.45). The final surgery times were divided into 2 parts: total time of extracorporeal circulation, with a mean of 79min (IQR: 52.5; 125.5), and the clamping time, a measurement included in the previous figure with a mean value of 38.5min (IQR: 22; 59). @entity1234 increased and @entity2041 decreased in postoperative time, with clear, statistically significant direct correlation between time of extracorporeal circulation and percentage decrease in total @entity2041 between preoperative and immediate postoperative time, and a decline between the preoperative and late postoperative. There was a statistical correlation between total @entity2041 levels at 18-20h postoperatively and the duration of mechanical ventilation and @entity1850 . CONCLUSIONS: Surgery with extracorporeal circulation performed in @entity1 activates inflammatory mediators, being maximum after aortic clamping, and improving after the first 24h. The level of oxidative stress activation depends on surgical times. The development of @entity1850 is associated with longer duration of mechanical ventilation, longer stay in intensive care, higher scores in the Aristotle model and longer surgical times. Those who do not meet criteria for inflammatory response have higher levels of @entity2041 in first 24h.

title: Prognostic indicators after cardiac surgery in XXXX and their relationship with the oxidative stress response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['Malondialdehyde', 'malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'inflammatory systemic response syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background and aim: Selected @entity1 with unresectable perihilar @entity201 can undergo neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by liver transplantation, which has been shown to improve survival. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and safety of endoscopic transpapillary insertion of nasobiliary tubes (NBTs) and brachytherapy catheters for @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) brachytherapy as part of this neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. @entity1 and methods: Medical records of @entity1 undergoing biliary brachytherapy for @entity201 at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester were reviewed. @entity1 were treated with curative intent using external beam radiotherapy (4500 cGy), chemotherapy ( @entity1487 or @entity416 ), and @entity1168 brachytherapy (930-1600 cGy in one to four fractions delivered over 1-2 days) prior to planned liver transplantation. Results: Between 2009 and 2013, 40 @entity1 underwent biliary @entity1168 brachytherapy via endoscopically placed NBTs (8.5-10 Fr). @entity1 had a median age of 55 years (range 28-68); 25 @entity1 (62.5%) had @entity991 . Prior to therapy, 29 @entity1 (72.5%) had plastic stents, two (5%) had metal stents, and nine (22.5%) had no stents. Bilateral NBTs were placed in five @entity1 (12.5%). NBT/brachytherapy catheter displacement was seen in eight @entity1 (20%) - five intraprocedure and three post-procedure. A radiotherapy error and NBT kinking each occurred once. Post-procedure adverse events included: @entity255 (n=5; 12.5%), severe @entity490 (n=3; 7.5%), duodenopathy (n=3; 7.5%), gastropathy (n=3; 7.5%), and both duodenopathy and gastropathy (n=2; 5%). Conclusion: @entity1168 biliary brachytherapy administered via endoscopically placed NBTs and brachytherapy catheters is technically feasible and appears reasonably safe in selected @entity1 with unresectable perihilar @entity201 .

title: Endoscopically inserted nasobiliary catheters for XXXX brachytherapy as part of neoadjuvant therapy for perihilar @entity201 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma', 'cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high dose-rate']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['high dose-rate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive factors for the response to @entity902 / @entity1311 based first-line adjuvant chemotherapy in advanced @entity43 . METHODS: Forty-two @entity1 with advanced @entity43 underwent complete resection plus @entity902 / @entity1311 as first-line adjuvant chemotherapy. The clinical outcomes were observed. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of @entity876 , a @entity5 suppressor protein, and @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ), a multi-drug resistance associated gene product, in the specimens resected from operation. Retrospectively analysis of 42 cases r @entity1 with. To calculate the complete response (CR) rate and early recurrence (ER) rate and to observe. The relationship between the parameters about clinical outcomes and some clinico-pathological variables, such as age, pathological type, differentiation degree, @entity41 , and molecular markers @entity876 and @entity1262 , was analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 (57%) showed CR and 7 (13%) showed ER. The CR rate of the @entity876 positive @entity1 was 74%, higher than that of the @entity876 negative @entity1 (44%, P = 0.065). The ER rate of the @entity1 with @entity41 less than 2 cm was 4%, significantly lower than those with @entity41 > or = 2 cm (P = 0.018). Logistic regression analysis indicated that @entity1262 positivity and @entity41 > or = 2 cm were independent risk factors of ER. CONCLUSION: @entity41 , @entity876 , and @entity1262 expression are predictive factors for the response to @entity902 / @entity1311 first-line adjuvant chemotherapy in advanced @entity43 . The @entity876 positive @entity1 are more sensitive to this protocol, and the @entity1262 positive @entity1 and the @entity1 with @entity41 > or = 2 cm are more resistant to this protocol.

title: [The predictive factors for the response to @entity902 / XXXX based first-line adjuvant chemotherapy in advanced @entity43 ].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor', 'Residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: The @entity1457 proteins ( @entity1879 ) are regarded as being immunogenic to the animal hosts. Although certain @entity1879 are suggested to be expressed on the cell surface, further evidence for the cell surface expression of these proteins has been required. In this article we report the development of a MAb NT22. This antibody reacted with @entity855 -binding proteins (which contain a large amount of 70-kDa @entity1879 family) of HeLa cells, and with purified @entity291 70-kDa @entity1879 . It did not react with the @entity526 lysate, but clearly reacted with the recombinant @entity35 hsc73. However, NT22 failed to react with @entity1878 . Furthermore, stress treatment of cells also indicated that considerable amounts of NT22-defined antigen translocated into the nucleus from the cell cytoplasm. These results suggest that NT22 is a novel MAb that reacts specifically to the @entity1 hsc73. Moreover, this antibody could detect the constitutive and stress-induced cell surface expression of its relevant antigen. It is expressed preferentially on EBV-transformed B cell and certain epithelial cancer cell lines. However, resting B cells did not express this antigen on the cell surface. These data indicate that hsc73 could be expressed on the cell surface of certain cells, and suggest that hsc73 may interact with the host immune system.

title: Monoclonal antibody specifically reacting against 73-kilodalton @entity1457 cognate protein: possible expression on XXXX cell surface.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: Injectable bone substitutes and techniques have been developed for use in minimally invasive procedures for @entity79 . OBJECTIVE: To develop a novel injectable @entity2915 ( @entity2915 ) as a scaffold to induce bone regeneration, using a minimally invasive tunnelling technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An injectable @entity2915 was prepared from a copolymer solution of 8.0 wt% @entity1684 ( @entity1684 ) and 8.0 wt% AAlg-g- @entity1684 . In vitro properties of the material, such as its microstructure and the sustained release of recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 (rhBMP-2), were investigated. Then, with the subperiosteal tunnelling technique, this material, carrying rhBMP-2, was injected under the labial periosteum of the @entity1347 in a @entity95 model. New bone formation was evaluated by means of X-ray, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), fluorescence labelling, histological study, and immunohistochemistry study. RESULTS: The material exhibited good injectability and thermo-irreversible properties. SEM showed an interconnected porous microstructure of the @entity2915 . The result of @entity731 activity indicated sustained delivery of @entity9040 from the @entity2915 from days 3 to 15. In a @entity95 model, both @entity2915 and @entity2915 /rhBMP-2 induced @entity133 . The percentage of mineralised tissue in the @entity2915 /rhBMP-2 group (41.6    3.79%) was significantly higher than in the @entity2915 group (31.3    7.21%; p < 0.05). The density of the regenerating tissue was higher in the @entity2915 /rhBMP-2 group than in the other groups ( @entity2915 group, positive control, blank control; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity2915 provided convenient handling properties for clinical application. To some extent, @entity2915 could induce ridge augmentation and mineral deposition, which can be enhanced when combined with rhBMP-2 for a minimally invasive tunnelling injection.

title: Minimally traumatic XXXX with a tunnel injectable thermo-sensitive alginate scaffold.

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-2']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary anterior alveolar ridge']

entities_list: @entity1684 :: ('CHEBI:53234', 'Chemical') :: ['PNIPAAm', 'Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar ridge augmentation']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone augmentation']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['TSAH', 'thermo-sensitive alginate hydrogel']

answer: @entity133 :: (MESH:D002282,Disease) :: ['alveolar ridge augmentation']


abstract: @entity1893 is primarily a disease of the elderly, with 61% of the new cases reported in @entity1 60 years old or older. @entity146 combination chemotherapy can cure some @entity1 , but there are frequently treatment failures and overall survival is low. Retrospective studies have found that treatment with less than standard chemotherapy doses is associated with lower survival, and surveys of practice patterns have found that many @entity1 , especially elderly ones, are treated with substandard regimens and doses. @entity1398 is the major dose-limiting @entity137 of chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity1893 . First-cycle use of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) can reduce the incidence of @entity1398 and its complications and help maintain the chemotherapy doses. Researchers have investigated risk factors in @entity1 with @entity1893 to determine which @entity1 are at highest risk for @entity1398 and would benefit from targeted first-cycle CSF support. It has been shown in several studies that advanced age, poor performance status, and high chemotherapy dose intensity are risk factors. Other trials suggest that low serum @entity2313 levels, elevated @entity880 dehydrogenase levels, bone marrow involvement, and high levels of soluble @entity5 necrosis factor receptor are also risk factors. Dose intensity has also been shown in many studies to be an important predictor of survival in @entity1 with @entity1893 . Managing the @entity137 of chemotherapy with CSF has facilitated the delivery of planned dose on time, as well as dose-intensified chemotherapy regimens. The promising results from recent clinical trials of dose-dense regimens with CSF support suggest that this could prove to be the best strategy for improving @entity1 outcomes.

title: Risk models for chemotherapy-induced XXXX in @entity1893 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Aggressive']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia', 'neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", "Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity1398 :: (MESH:D009503,Disease) :: ['neutropenia']


abstract: The effects of E2 on the high-density lipoprotein receptor (HDL-R) scavenger receptor class B type I ( @entity22579 ) gene were examined. Four putative @entity172 response element half-site motifs (ERE(1/2)) (-2176, -1726, -1622, and -1211, designated ERE(1/2)-1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively) were identified in the HDL-R @entity22579 promoter. Transfection studies and mutation analysis demonstrated that E2 significantly increased HDL-R @entity22579 promoter activity and that mutating ERE(1/2)-1, 2, and 4 resulted in a loss of E2 responsiveness. Both @entity1782 and @entity1783 formed specific complexes with ERE(1/2)-1, 2, and 4 but did not bind ERE(1/2)-3 in vitro. Interestingly, ERE(1/2)-3 was the motif shown not to be important for E2-activation of the HDL-R @entity22579 promoter in the mutational analysis studies. The influence of @entity21434 ( @entity5068 regulatory element binding protein-1a) on E2 regulation of the HDL-R @entity22579 gene was also examined. @entity21434 was able to bind directly to the ERE(1/2) motifs and enhanced ER binding when both ER subtypes were present. @entity1782 and beta also bound to a @entity5068 response element motif, but they did not enhance @entity21434 binding. Cotransfection studies demonstrated that the presence of the three factors, @entity1782 , @entity1783 , and @entity21434 , enhanced the overall luciferase activity produced from the HDL-R @entity22579 promoter construct in the presence of only one of the factors. Interaction of @entity21434 with both ERs was demonstrated using a @entity1 two-hybrid assay. The data confirmed that E2 through the ERs can positively regulate the HDL-R @entity22579 through binding and activation of three ERE(1/2) motifs and identified @entity21434 as a potential coactivator of the E2-ER-dependent effects on the HDL-R @entity22579 gene.

title: @entity172 activates the high-density lipoprotein receptor gene via binding to XXXX response elements and interaction with @entity5068 regulatory element binding protein-1A.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In contrast to pharmaceutical manufacturers, compounding pharmacies adhere to different quality-control standards, which may increase the likelihood of undetected outbreaks. In 2005, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention received reports of cases of @entity5134 @entity281 occurring in @entity1 who underwent cardiac surgical procedures in Los Angeles, California, and in New Jersey. An investigation was initiated to determine whether there was a common underlying cause. METHODS: A matched case-control study was conducted in Los Angeles. Case record review and environmental testing were conducted in New Jersey. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention performed a multistate case-finding investigation; isolates were compared using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis. RESULTS: Nationally distributed @entity2399 solution ( @entity2400 ) from compounding pharmacy X was the only significant risk factor for @entity5134 @entity281 (odds ratio, 6.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-38.3) among 6 Los Angeles case @entity1 and 18 control subjects. Five New Jersey case @entity1 received @entity2400 from a single lot produced by compounding pharmacy X; culture of samples from open and unopened 50-mL bags in this lot yielded @entity5134 . Seven additional case @entity1 from 3 different states were identified. Isolates from all 18 case @entity1 and from samples of @entity2400 demonstrated indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. Compounding pharmacy X voluntarily recalled the product. Neither the pharmacy nor the US Food and Drug Administration could identify a source of contamination in their investigations of compounding pharmacy X. CONCLUSIONS: A multistate outbreak of @entity5134 @entity281 was linked to contaminated @entity2400 distributed nationally by a compounding pharmacy. Health care personnel should take into account the different quality standards and regulation of compounded parenteral medications distributed in large quantities during investigations of outbreaks of @entity281 .

title: A multistate outbreak of @entity5134 XXXX associated with contaminated intravenous @entity2399 from a compounding pharmacy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5134 :: ('615', 'Species') :: ['Serratia marcescens', 'S. marcescens']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bloodstream infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['bloodstream infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ageing is associated with many changes in the ligamentum flavum (LF): ossification, diminish of the cross-sectional area of the elastic fibres, increase of the collagen fibres and change in its mineral and matrix elements. There are limited data about the influence of the ageing process on the structure of the LF at different spinal levels. The aim of the study was to clarify the effect of the ageing process on the LF at different spinal levels. This was done through histological study and morphometric analysis using the image analyser. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Vertebral column specimens were obtained from 10 @entity1 cadavers preserved in a mixture of @entity406 and @entity3971 . Their average age ranged 60-70 years. The vertebral blocks included 4 vertebrae at cervical level ( @entity14690 ), thoracic level (T 5, 6, 7, 8) and lumbar level (L 2, 3, 4, 5). Sections were stained with @entity6175 and @entity1711 , Masson's trichrome, Orcein and Verhoeff stains. The morphometric measurements included the relative collagen area, relative elastic area, collagen area [%] and elastic area [%]. RESULTS: The relative elastic areas reduced in all the spinal levels. The relative collagen areas increased to become 46.1    2.9 in the cervical region, 51.8    1.3 in the thoracic region, and 49.7    2.5 in the lumbar region. The average elastic area was highest in the cervical region, and lowest in the thoracic region. The ratio of elastic area to collagen area was 1.16:1 in the cervical region, 1.01:1 in the lumbar region and 0.93:1 in the thoracic region. The elastic    bres were regular, diffuse and organised in parallel order in the cervical and thoracic regions. Their orientations were craniocaudal with a variation of some    bres in the cervical region. Most of the elastic    bres in the lumbar region were regular and organized in parallel order. Nevertheless, @entity397 , fragmentation, and abnormal organization of the elastic    bres were discovered in a few specimens of the lumbar region. Increase of the vasculature and degeneration with abnormal body formations within the lumbar ligaments were observed. The LF midline gaps were present in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions. In 10% of lumbar specimens, the ligaments fused in the midline with absence of the midline gaps. Ossi   cation was discovered in the thoracic and lumbar ligaments. CONCLUSIONS: Structural differences have been observed among the LF at the different spinal levels, and all these changes were caused by the ageing process. Decrease of the relative elastic area, an increase of the relative collagen area and reduction of the elastic to collagen area ratio affected all the spinal levels of the ligaments. Many changes took place in the lumbar ligaments such as ossification, increase vasculature, degeneration with abnormal body formation, absence of the midline gaps, fragmentation and @entity397 of the elastic fibres.

title: Study of the XXXX ligamentum flavum in old age: a histological and morphometric study.

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e14582 Background: @entity887 ( @entity887 ) is characterized by fever, @entity490 and @entity491 after @entity99 and is likely caused by an inflammatory response to @entity39 tissue. Despite the benign nature of @entity887 , it has been suggested that this entity portends worse prognosis. We examined the outcomes of a large group of @entity1 that underwent embolization with particular emphasis on the type of procedure performed. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of 247 cases that underwent embolization procedures of @entity99 at our institution from January 2002 to January 2010. Progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were measured in days starting from the day of the first embolization. RESULTS: Out of 247 @entity1 , 173 were @entity1 (70%) and 74 were @entity1 (30%). The etiology of the @entity99 (Algorithm 1) was comprised of 190 cases of @entity157 ( @entity157 ), 23 cases of metastatic @entity189 , 12 cases of @entity5 , 18 @entity5 , and others (4 cases). @entity887 (Table 1) developed in 16 @entity1 (6.4%) with a median length of hospitalization of 4.4 days (range 1-7 days). Subsequently we examined 190 @entity1 with @entity157 as a separate group in which chemoembolization with @entity632 drug eluting beads (DEB) was the most frequent type of procedure in 97 out of 190 @entity157 @entity1 (51%), followed by bland microspheres in 73 @entity1 (38%), @entity4832 ( @entity939 ) particles in 27 @entity1 and 3 cases of epirubicin DEB embolization. Cox regression indicates that @entity887 was not a statistically significant predictor of either PFS or @entity1349 , although the results showed a trend towards worse PFS in @entity887 @entity1 (p = 0.061). @entity1 that did not undergo liver transplantation had significantly worse PFS and @entity1349 (p < 0.001). Both @entity939 embolization (p = 0.019) and bland microsphere embolization (p = 0.027) @entity1 had significantly worse @entity1349 when compared to chemoembolization. CONCLUSIONS: @entity887 heralds slight worse outcome albeit likely not directly associated to infectious complications but rather as a surrogate of other poor prognostic features. Despite the fact that most @entity887 cases occurred after chemoembolization, such procedure still fairs favorably when compared to other types of embolization.

title: XXXX : Outcomes regarding the type of embolization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine tumors', 'benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['PES', 'Post-embolization syndrome']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma', 'HCC']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors', 'embolization of hepatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity887 :: (MESH:D004617,Disease) :: ['Post-embolization syndrome']


abstract: @entity6817 are a promising new strategy to prevent contrast-induced @entity810 (CI-AKI). In this study we compared the ameliorative effect of different @entity6817 in a @entity35 model of CI-AKI. @entity35 were divided into five groups: control group; CI-AKI group; CI-AKI + @entity8671 group (10   mg/kg/day); CI-AKI + @entity3413 group (80   mg/kg/day); and CI-AKI + @entity2993 group (20   mg/kg/day). CI-AKI was induced by dehydration for 72 hours, followed by @entity1483 intramuscular injection 20 minutes before low-osmolar contrast media (CM) intravenous injection. @entity6817 were administered by oral gavage once daily for 3 consecutive days before CM injection and once 4 hours after CM injection. @entity35 were sacrificed 24 hours after CM injection, and renal function, kidney histopathology, @entity842 (NO) metabolites, and markers of oxidative stress, @entity32 , and apoptosis were evaluated. The results showed that @entity2993 and @entity8671 but not @entity3413 ameliorated CM-induced serum creatinine elevation and histopathological alterations. @entity2993 and @entity8671 showed similar effectiveness against CM-induced oxidative stress, but @entity3413 was less effective. @entity2993 was most effective against NO system dysfunction and cell apoptosis, whereas @entity8671 was most effective against @entity32 . Our findings indicate that @entity6817 exhibit differential effects in preventing CI-AKI when given at equivalent lipid-lowering doses.

title: Comparison of Effects of Different XXXX on Contrast-Induced @entity810 in @entity35 : Histopathological and Biochemical Findings.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity8671 :: ('MESH:C422923', 'Chemical') :: ['rosuvastatin']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin', 'Atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats']

entities_list: @entity6817 :: ('D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['Statins', 'statins']

answer: @entity6817 :: (D019821,Chemical) :: ['Statins']


abstract: From December, 1975, to December, 1979, 54 carotid @entity1317 have been treated by the Southwestern Medical School Department of Surgery. Seventy-eight percent were due to gunshot wounds, 20% were due to stab wounds, and 2% were secondary to blunt @entity130 . Thirty-three percent involved the internal carotid artery, and the external carotid artery was involved in 20%. Eighteen percent of the @entity1 presented with a major associated @entity1317 and 8% with an @entity2548 . Partial or complete disruption accounted for the majority of injuries. There was a 10% mortality rate. Four percent of the @entity204 were due directly to carotid vascular @entity130 . Because of our experience we believe, whenever possible, all @entity1 should have the benefit of preoperative arteriography. This allows for a well planned operation and avoids major unnecessary neck dissection. High lesions involving the internal carotid artery may be exposed easily by @entity89 , thus allowing ready access to the base of the skull. @entity2998 (lesions extending intracranially) are best managed by extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass with internal carotid artery ligation. Severe @entity51 is best treated by ligation of the carotid artery. Seven @entity1 have undergone EC-IC bypass and 86% of these returned to or maintained normal neurologic status, while the other 14% remained neurologically stable. It is our impression that the risk of @entity51 is lessened by this maneuver without added mortality or morbidity.

title: Extracranial carotid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['Injuries involving extensive areas of the internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity89 :: ('MESH:D007571', 'Disease') :: ['anterior dislocation of the jaw']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['artery injuries', 'venous injury']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistula']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['artery injuries']


abstract: Low survival rates of @entity5 emphasize the need for a drug that can prevent and/or treat @entity5 . av integrins are involved in essential processes for @entity5 growth and @entity3 and targeting of av integrins has been shown to decrease angiogenesis, @entity5 growth and @entity3 . In this study, the role of av integrin and its potential as a drug target in @entity150 was investigated. Treatment with an av integrin antagonist as well as knockdown of av integrin in the @entity150 cell lines, resulted in reduced @entity5 invitro, as illustrated by decreased proliferative, migratory and clonogenic capacity. The @entity5962 / @entity6076 ratio increased, indicating a shift towards a more epithelial phenotype. This shift appeared to be associated with downregulation of @entity958 -inducing transcription factors including @entity19099 . The expression levels of the self-renewal genes @entity2440 and @entity3752 decreased as well as the number of cells with high @entity264 Dehydrogenase activity. In addition, self-renewal ability decreased as measured with the urosphere assay. In line with these observations, knockdown or treatment of av integrins resulted in decreased metastatic growth in preclinical invivo models as assessed by bioluminescence imaging. In conclusion, we show that av integrins are involved in migration, @entity958 and maintenance of @entity264 Dehydrogenase activity in @entity150 cells. Targeting of av integrins might be a promising approach for treatment and/or prevention of metastatic @entity150 .

title: Targeting of alpha-v integrins reduces XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'metastatic cancer', 'metastatic cancers', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity264 :: ('CHEBI:17478', 'Chemical') :: ['Aldehyde']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['malignancy of bladder carcinoma']


abstract: A 43-year-old @entity1 had undergone patch closure operation for @entity118 27 years ago. She was referred to our hospital for evaluation of frequent palpitations since 1 year ago. Electrophysiological study was performed with recording of the coronary sinus, His bundle, and low lateral right free wall electrography utilizing a steerable duo-decapolar electrode catheter(Livewire, Daig). @entity4710 with cycle length alternation of 300 and 320 msec similar to @entity956 was reproducibly provoked by burst pacing from the coronary sinus. During the @entity4710 , abnormal atrial potentials occurred in the low lateral right free wall region with very low amplitude and splitting potentials. The cycle length alternation of the @entity4710 depended on the occurrence of the splitting potentials, that is, the splitting potentials were present during the @entity4710 with a long cycle and the splitting potentials were absent during the @entity4710 with a short cycle. This phenomenon suggested that the splitting potentials resulted from 2:1 functional intra-atrial local conduction block. In addition, during sinus rhythm the abnormal electrograms revealed fractionated activity. Thus, these findings strongly imply that the @entity4710 is due to a macro-reentrant right @entity591 utilizing an anatomical obstacle caused by the @entity118 as a central area, namely incisional reentrant @entity591 . Three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping using the CARTO system(Biosense-Webster) was conducted to investigate whether the low lateral right free wall area possessed the critical isthmus essential to the reentry circuit. Electroanatomical mapping revealed that the very low amplitude potentials and the splitting potentials corresponded to the scars and the functional conduction block area detected by mapping using the multipolar catheter, respectively. According to the propagation mapping, the incisional reentrant @entity591 slowly conducted the channel created by multiple neighboring scars clockwise and the alternation of the @entity591 cycle length was dependent on the development of the functional local intra-atrial conduction block within the channel. An approximately 1.5 cm successful linear lesion was created by radiofrequency catheter ablation to transect the isthmus based on the electroanatomical mapping findings. Afterwards, the incisional reentrant @entity591 could not be induced by burst stimuli from the coronary sinus even under administration of @entity3044 . The use of three dimensional electroanatomical mapping(CARTO system) to evaluate the reentry circuit after the detection of abnormal potentials by using multipolar catheter in advance is a very useful method to determine optimal target site of ablation for a @entity1 with incisional reentrant @entity591 .

title: [Feasibility of combination mapping utilizing a duo-decapolar electrode catheter and the CARTO system for incisional reentrant XXXX with cycle length alternation: a case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia', 'Supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'atrial tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect operation', 'atrial septal defect']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['atrial tachycardia']


abstract: Skin DC express C-type lectin receptors for the recognition of pathogens. Langerhans cells (LC) express the receptor @entity9184 / @entity9184 , whereas @entity52066 / @entity52066 is mainly expressed by dermal DC, but can also be detected at low levels on LC. In this study we tested an ex vivo approach for targeting DC in situ with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against @entity9184 and @entity52066 . The targeting mAb were injected intradermally into @entity1 skin biopsies or added to the medium during skin explant culture. Corresponding to the expression patterns of these lectin receptors on skin DC, @entity9184 mAb was detected merely in LC in the epidermis and @entity52066 mainly in dermal DC in @entity1 skin explants, regardless of the application route. Migratory skin DC bound and carried targeting mAb from skin explants according to their lectin receptor expression profiles. In contrast to the very selective transport of @entity9184 mAb by LC, @entity52066 mAb was more widely distributed on all @entity4896 (+) skin DC subsets but almost absent in @entity5750 (+) dermal DC. Since effective vaccination requires the addition of adjuvant we co-administered the toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 ligand poly I:C with the mAbs. This adjuvant enhanced binding of @entity52066 mAb to all skin DC subsets, whereas @entity9184 targeting efficacy remained unchanged. Our findings demonstrate that LC can be preferentially targeted by @entity9184 mAb. In contrast, @entity52066 mAb can be bound by all @entity4896 (+) skin DC subset. The efficacy of @entity52066 mAb targeting strategy can be boosted by addition of poly I:C underlining the potential of this combination for immunotherapeutical interventions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX skin dendritic cells can be targeted in situ by intradermal injection of antibodies against lectin receptors.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: The authors reported a rare case of @entity3438 which was misdiagnosed as nonfunctioning @entity977 . A 32-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital because of @entity2588 and disturbance of left visual acuity. She had become amenorrhagic after her second delivery two years before. Neurological examination revealed she was normal except for diminished left visual acuity (Rt. = 1.2, Lt. = 0.5). The general condition was good. Urine volume and its specific gravity were within normal range. Endocrinological examination showed @entity4089 (PRL 72 ng/ml) accompanied with @entity73 , TSH, LH and FSH's reserve. Basal levels and reserve of the blood @entity701 were normal. AFP and hCG were within normal range. CT scan revealed a homogenously enhanced intrasellar @entity5 which had a suprasellar portion (vertical length: 15 mm). T1 weighted MRI revealed low intensity @entity5 , and T2 weighted image revealed high intensity @entity5 . Sagittal MR image with @entity2287 enhancement showed the pituitary gland anterior to the @entity5 . Transsphenoidal removal was performed. The histological diagnosis was @entity3438 . After the operation, the intracranial and spinal disseminations were disclosed. @entity7841 resulted in the complete remission of the @entity5 . @entity3438 without @entity2010 is considered to be very difficult to diagnose preoperatively. However, the authors proposed that anterior shift of the pituitary gland in sagittal MR image may be a clue to the diagnosis of @entity3438 .

title: [A case of @entity3438 which was misdiagnosed as XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity7841 :: ('MESH:D012793', 'Disease') :: ['Complete neuraxis irradiation']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of GH']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity3438 :: ('MESH:D018237', 'Disease') :: ['sellar germinoma', 'Sellar germinoma', 'pure germinoma']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of central @entity1018 (CVL) on mutual gaze perception (knowing whether somebody else is looking at you), an important nonverbal visual cue in social interactions. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity1 with CVL (visual acuity 20/50 to 20/200), 16 with a bilateral central @entity1019 and 7 without, and 23 age-matched control subjects completed a gaze perception task and a brief questionnaire. They adjusted the eyes of a life-size virtual head on a monitor at a 1-m distance until they either appeared to be looking straight at them or were at the extreme left/right or up/down positions at which the eyes still appeared to be looking toward them (defining the range of mutual gaze in the horizontal and vertical planes). RESULTS: The nonscotoma group did not differ from the control subjects in any gaze task measure. However, the gaze direction judgments of the @entity1019 group had significantly greater variability than those of the nonscotoma and control groups (p < 0.001). In addition, their mutual gaze range tended to be wider (p = 0.15), suggesting a more liberal judgment criterion. Contrast sensitivity was the strongest predictor of variability in gaze direction judgments followed by self-reported difficulties. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that mutual gaze perception is relatively robust to CVL. However, a follow-up study that simulates less-than-optimal viewing conditions of everyday social interactions is needed. The gaze perception task holds promise as a research tool for investigating the effects of @entity227 on mutual gaze judgments. Self-reported difficulty and contrast sensitivity were both independent predictors of gaze perception performance, suggesting that the task captured higher-order as well as low-level visual abilities.

title: The effect of central XXXX on perception of mutual gaze.

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['vision impairment']

answer: @entity1018 :: (MESH:D054062,Disease) :: ['vision loss']


abstract: Two diets, with or without a nonfermentable carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with high viscosity, were fed to broiler @entity1573 beginning at 2 wk of age to study whether the anti-nutritive effect of gelling fibers on lipid digestibility may be associated with reduced intestinal @entity6741 concentration. Moreover, the microflora were examined to study whether possible changes in @entity6741 concentration coincide with alterations in microbial numbers. @entity5224 depressed apparent lipid digestibility (P = 0.021). Feed intake and weight gain were not significantly affected. Water intake was increased in birds fed the CMC diet (P = 0.039). @entity6741 concentration in small intestinal digesta was decreased (P = 0.047) in birds fed the CMC diet, which may have been caused by the increased water content of digesta (P < 0.001). The concentration of @entity3645 per gram dry matter or per milligram @entity3407 was not reduced in small intestinal contents. Broiler @entity1573 fed the CMC diet excreted more @entity3645 in the excreta (P < 0.001). Total aerobic and anaerobic microbial counts in the intestinal digesta were significantly increased in the duodenum plus jejunum (P = 0.038) but not in the ileum. Significant increases were found in the numbers of Clostridia (P = 0.017), Lactobacillus (P = 0.009), Bacteroides (P = 0.022), and @entity375 and molds (P = 0.012). The present study supports the hypothesis that a nonfermentable gelling fiber (CMC) decreases apparent lipid digestibility by reducing the concentration of @entity3645 in the chyme in broiler @entity1573 . Moreover, the ingestion of gelling fibers may increase the bacterial activity in the small intestine, which may further contribute to malabsorption of lipids.

title: The inhibitory effect of @entity5224 with high viscosity on lipid absorption in broiler XXXX coincides with reduced @entity6741 concentration and raised microbial numbers in the small intestine.

entities_list: @entity5224 :: ('MESH:D002266', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboxymethylcellulose']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salt', 'Bile acid']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']


abstract: Findings from clinical and preclinical studies converge to suggest that increased adiposity and/or exposure to a high fat diet are associated with alterations in dorsal striatal (DS) circuitry. In @entity1 there is a reliable inverse relationship between body mass index (BMI) and response to palatable food consumption in the dorsal striatum (DS). Positron emission tomography (PET) studies also suggest altered DS @entity935 type 2/3 receptor (D2R/ @entity53612 ) availability in @entity28 ; however, the direction of the association is unclear. It is also not clear whether @entity935 receptor levels contribute to the lower blood @entity26 level dependent (BOLD) response because PET studies have targeted the morbidly @entity28 and, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies rarely include individuals with BMIs in this range. Therefore we examined whether the fMRI BOLD response in the DS to milkshake is associated with D2R/D3R availability measured with @entity20163 and PET in individuals with BMI ranging from healthy weight to moderately @entity28 . Twenty-nine subjects participated in the fMRI study, 12 in the @entity20163 PET study, 8 of whom also completed the fMRI study. As predicted there was a significant negative association between DS BOLD response to milkshake and BMI. In contrast, BMI was positively associated with D2R/D3R availability. Dorsal striatal BOLD response was unrelated to D2R/D3R availability. Considered in the context of the larger literature our results suggest the existence of a non-linear relationship between D2R/D3R availability and BMI. Additionally, the altered BOLD responses to palatable food consumption observed in @entity28 are not clearly related to D2R/D3R receptor availability. Using @entity20163 and PET brain imaging techniques we show that body mass index was positively associated with D2R/D3R availability in the dorsal striatum, but that functional MR BOLD response was unrelated to D2R/D3R availability. These results suggest the existence of a nonlinear relationship between D2R/D3R availability and body mass index and that the altered BOLD responses to food consumption seen in @entity28 are not directly related to D2R/D3R availability.

title: Opposing relationships of BMI with BOLD and XXXX D2/3 receptor binding potential in the dorsal striatum.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity53612 :: ('p|SUB|D|3|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['D3R']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the evolution of @entity73 in early-onset @entity15 , to identify clinical predictors of mental decline, and to determine its impact on a @entity1 's everyday life. DESIGN: The cognitive performance of 50 @entity1 with @entity15 on a neuropsychological battery was compared with that of 70 control subjects initially and again after a 4-year interval. Clinical predictors of @entity73 and its effect on daily life were analyzed by stepwise linear regression. SETTING: The research clinic of a university department of neurology. @entity1 : A consecutive sample of 50 inpatients and outpatients with @entity15 (mean disease duration, 1.58 years) and 70 demographically matched healthy control subjects selected from the @entity1 ' relatives and friends. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean psychometric test scores of both groups at the initial and follow-up testing. Regression coefficients measuring the relationship between clinical parameters and cognitive capacity and between mental decline and performance of common tasks measured by the Environmental and the Incapacity Status scales. RESULTS: @entity15 -related @entity2414 and abstract reasoning on initial testing remained more or less stable on the retest, at which time linguistic disturbances on the Set and Token tests also emerged. A @entity1 's initial disability level predicted decreased performance on only four of 13 cognitive variables, and disease duration did so on only two. Extent of intellectual decline on initial testing, initial disability level, and progressive course were independent determinants of handicap in a @entity1 's work and social activities. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive and @entity51 appear not to develop in parallel. Yet @entity73 proves to be a predictor of handicap in everyday life, even in @entity1 in the incipient phase of @entity15 .

title: XXXX in early-onset @entity15 . Pattern, predictors, and impact on everyday life in a 4-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in verbal memory']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple sclerosis', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive impairment']


abstract: @entity2395 intermedia @entity1 show variable phenotypes. @entity1862 (HU) may benefit some of the @entity2395 intermedia cases (1), however, the parameters influencing the response to HU have not been reported. In this study, the molecular parameters, @entity13554 and @entity5358 genotype and the Xmn I polymorphism, were correlated with the HU response. Twenty @entity1 with @entity2395 intermedia were given HU (10-20 mg/kg) and responses were evaluated over a one year period. Twelve @entity1 (60%) showed a good response to therapy with a significant increase in Hb and HbF levels and with elimination of the transfusion requirement in four @entity1 . Four out of the twelve (33%) @entity1 were positive for -alpha(3.7) deletions whereas none of the 8 non-responders were positive for alpha deletions. One each of the responders and non-responders were positive for alpha alpha alpha(anti-3.7) triplication. Three (25%) responsive and one non-responsive @entity1 were homozygous for the @entity67858 mutation. Three of the responsive @entity1 with alpha deletions were also homozygous positive for Xmn I polymorphism. Thus, in addition to acting in synergy with the XmnI polymorphism, alpha deletions may be an independent factor predicting good response to HU in @entity2395 intermedia, although this needs to be confirmation in larger studies.

title: Do alpha deletions influence XXXX response in @entity2395 intermedia?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemia', 'Thalassemia']

answer: @entity1862 :: (MESH:D006918,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyurea']


abstract: The distinguishing feature of lipases is their increased activity at an oil-water interface, termed interfacial activation. X-ray crystallography of lipases suggested a mechanism for interfacial activation by revealing conformational changes in several surface loops that cover the active site. In one conformation, these loops prevented substrate from entering the active site, and, in the other conformation, movement of the loops opened the active site. We tested the role of the major surface loop, the lid domain, in @entity1 @entity7386 ( @entity4151 ) function by creating deletions in this region and expressing the mutant proteins in baculovirus-infected insect cells. the mutants were tested for activity against @entity18039 and @entity18050 , @entity52747 interaction, interfacial activation, and binding to @entity18039 . The purified mutants had decreased activity against both @entity18039 and @entity18050 compared to wild-type @entity4151 and did not show a preference for either substrate. Although @entity52747 was required for maximum activity in the presence of @entity3645 , the mutants had significant activity against @entity18039 , but not @entity18050 , in the absence of @entity52747 . Both mutants were active against monomers of @entity18039 demonstrating that they did not require an interface for activity. Finally, both mutants had decreased binding to @entity18039 particles. These results suggest that the lid domain in @entity4151 mediates interfacial activation and influences interfacial binding.

title: A surface loop covering the active site of XXXX @entity7386 influences interfacial activation and lipid binding.

entities_list: @entity7386 :: ('5406', 'Gene') :: ['pancreatic lipase']

entities_list: @entity18039 :: ('MESH:C005830', 'Chemical') :: ['tributyrin']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salts']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity158 is a challenging diagnosis and very little has been reported in the neurological literature. The nose is a sophisticated structure regarding its innervation, which is supplied by the first and second divisions of the trigeminal nerve. @entity10 are an important group in the differential diagnosis, although they have been described only scarcely. Here, we report a case that can conform a non-traumatic external nasal nerve @entity9 . CASE: A 76-year-old @entity1 was referred to our office due to @entity158 in her left nose. She was suffering from daily excruciating attacks, which were strictly limited to the territory supplied by her left external nasal nerve (left ala nasi and apex nasi). She denied previous @entity130 and the ancillary tests did not yield any underlying pathology. An anesthetic blockade of her left external nasal nerve achieved a marked @entity2749 as well as their intensity. CONCLUSION: External nasal @entity9 seems a specific @entity9 causing @entity158 . Anesthetic blockades of the external nasal nerve may be a valid treatment for this condition.

title: XXXX : A @entity9 Within the Territory of the External Nasal Nerve.

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of the number of episodes']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['nasal pain', 'Nasal pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['Painful cranial neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatisms']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['External Nasal Neuralgia']


abstract: AIMS: The renal sensory nerves are importantly involved in the sympathetic regulation of cardiovascular and renal function. Two reno-renal reflexes are recognized, one in which activation of renal sensory nerves elicits a renal sympatho-inhibition, and one which causes a renal sympatho-excitation and about which little is known. This study investigated the role of @entity1812 (BK) in engaging an excitatory reno-renal reflex. METHODS: @entity35 were anaesthetized ( @entity4486 / @entity4774 ) and prepared for the measurement of renal function or renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). BK was infused into the cortico-medullary border of the ipsilateral kidney and the impact on contralateral renal function and RSNA evaluated. RESULTS: Intrarenal infusion of BK at 3  *  10(-9) and 6  *  10(-9)   g  L(-1) had no effect on mean arterial pressure, at 104      5  mmHg or glomerular filtration rate in either the @entity8 , at 4.31      0.45  mL  min(-1)   kg(-1) . At the highest dose of BK, fractional @entity1372 excretion (FENa) was 1.47% in the ipsilateral kidney and was significantly lower, at 0.64% (P  <  0.05) in the contralateral kidney but this difference did not occur following ipsilateral renal denervation. Ipsilateral intrarenal infusion of BK at 3  *  10(-9) , 6  *  10(-9) and 1.2  *  10(-8)   g  L(-1) elicited dose-related increases (P  <  0.05) in contralateral RSNA, reaching some 78% at the highest dose, but these responses were prevented by ipsilateral renal denervation. CONCLUSIONS: Intrarenal infusion of BK produced an excitatory reno-renal reflex which was expressed as a renal nerve-dependent antinatriuresis in the contralateral kidney. The findings suggest that inflammatory mediators such as BK may be important in initiating a sympatho-excitation associated with @entity65 .

title: Intrarenal @entity1812 elicits reno-renal reflex sympatho-excitation and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral or contralateral kidneys']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['chloralose']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['renal and cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal nerve-dependent fluid retention']


abstract: Nicotinic receptors generally are presumed to consist of two alpha and three non-alpha subunits. We varied the relative levels of expression of the neuronal nicotinic alpha4 and beta2 receptor subunits in @entity1238 oocytes by nuclear injection of cDNAs coding for these subunits in alpha:beta ratios of 9:1, 1:1, and 1:9. The sensitivities of the receptors to @entity934 and @entity2899 were investigated in voltage-clamp experiments. For receptors expressed at the 9:1 and 1:1 alpha:beta ratios, the EC50 value of @entity934 is approximately 60 microM. For the majority of the receptors expressed at the 1:9 alpha:beta ratio, the sensitivity to @entity934 is enhanced 30-fold. No evidence for more than one type of @entity934 binding site in a single receptor is obtained. The sensitivity to @entity2899 decreases with decreasing alpha:beta ratio. IC50 values of @entity2899 are 0.2, 0.5, and 2 microM for the 9:1, 1:1, and 1:9 alpha:beta ratios, respectively. At the 1:9 alpha:beta ratio, additional receptors with an IC50 value of 163 microM @entity2899 are expressed. At least two components with distinct sensitivities to @entity2899 are required to account for the shift in IC50. The combined agonist and antagonist effects reveal four distinct subtypes of alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptors. The results imply that the subunit stoichiometry of heteromeric alpha4beta2 @entity934 receptors is not restricted to 2alpha:3beta.

title: Four pharmacologically distinct subtypes of alpha4beta2 nicotinic @entity934 receptor expressed in XXXX oocytes.

entities_list: @entity2899 :: ('MESH:D014403', 'Chemical') :: ['d-tubocurarine']

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus laevis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Due to progression of @entity627 , @entity339 ( @entity339 ) is a palliative procedure. We aimed at evaluating the outcomes of @entity1 requiring surgery for failure of @entity339 , focusing on the fate of the mitral valve (MV) (repair versus replacement). METHODS: From January 1993 through December 2012, 61 @entity1 with previous @entity339 were submitted to MV surgery. Detailed operative findings were collected from all @entity1 and an intraoperative anatomical score was introduced to predict reparability. Time to surgery, overall survival and freedom from reoperation were analysed. RESULTS: The mean time to surgery after @entity339 was 6.9    5.9 years and indications were @entity256 in 25 @entity1 (41%) and @entity339 or mixed lesion in 36 (59%). Nine @entity1 (14.8%) had more than one previous intervention. Intraoperative inspection of the valve revealed leaflet laceration outside the commissural area in 27 @entity1 (44.3%). Valve repair was accomplished in 38 @entity1 (62.3%). @entity120 , @entity730 and intraoperative anatomical score were independently associated with the probability of valve replacement (OR 1.12, OR 7.03 and OR 4.49, respectively, P < 0.05). There was no hospital mortality. MV area increased on average 1.6 cm(2) after surgery to 2.7 cm(2); 5-, 10- and 20-year survival rates were 98.1    1.9, 91    5.2 and 82.7    9.2%, respectively. The rate of freedom from mitral reoperation (for repaired cases) at 5, 10 and 15 years was 100, 95.8    4.1 and 87.8    8.5%, respectively. There was no difference in survival between repaired or replaced MVs, but the former had less valve-related events during follow-up. CONCLUSION: The MV can be repaired after failed @entity339 , with very low complication rates and excellent long-term results. Hence, whenever possible, these @entity1 should be sent to reference centres where repair can be successfully achieved.

title: Mitral valve surgery after XXXX : is repair still feasible?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['PMC', 'percutaneous mitral commissurotomy', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic disease']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['percutaneous mitral commissurotomy']


abstract: Over the past decade, a nonoperative approach toward the management of blunt @entity99 has become prevalent at most major urban @entity130 centers. To determine the applicability of the nonoperative approach in a rural setting, a 10-year retrospective review was conducted at a level I rural university-based @entity130 center. The Census Bureau defines ruralized areas to provide a better separation of urban and rural territory and population. A ruralized area is composed of one or more places and the adjacent surrounding territory that together have a maximum of 50,000 @entity1 . West Virginia University is classified as a rural academic medical center and is situated in Morgantown, whose permanent population does not exceed 35,000. All @entity1 with documented blunt @entity99 between July 1990 and June 2000 were identified and reviewed. To evaluate evolving trends, the @entity1 were divided into two groups: group A (July 1, 1990-June 30, 1995) and group B (July 1, 1995-June 30, 2000). There were 236 @entity1 with documented blunt @entity99 identified between July 1, 1990, and June 30, 2000). Overall, 70 per cent of @entity1 were managed conservatively. When comparing the two groups, statistical significance was obtained in mean hospital length of stay (LOS) [19.8 days A vs. 9.1 days B (P < 0.0001)]; mean intensive care unit (ICU) days [15.2 days A vs. 5.3 days B (P < 0.0001)], blood transfusion [10 units A vs. 4.2 units B (P < 0.0016)], number of @entity1 requiring surgery [52 (46%) A vs. 37 (30%) B (P < 0.022)]. There was only one death associated with nonoperative management. We have shown a definite trend toward nonoperative management of blunt @entity99 in a rural setting over the past decade. More than 70 per cent of our @entity99 @entity1 over the past 5 years have been managed nonoperatively, with statistically significant reductions in hospital LOS, ICU LOS, and transfusion requirements. We have found a definite trend over the past decade toward nonoperative management of blunt @entity99 in a rural setting. The rural setting with a delay in transport time to level I @entity130 center also did not significantly affect the outcome of the @entity1 with nonoperative management of @entity99 . Approximately 78 per cent of our @entity99 @entity1 over the past 5 years have been managed nonoperatively and are associated with statistically significant reductions in hospital and ICU LOS and transfusion requirements.

title: The evolving management of blunt XXXX in a rural setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injuries', 'liver injury', 'hepatic trauma']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic trauma']


abstract: In this pilot, randomized, double-blind study, we compared the effects of @entity10935 and @entity5753 on lipid profile and lipid peroxidation in @entity1 with @entity2299 and @entity6 . After 4 weeks on a @entity165 -lowering diet, 36 @entity1 were randomized to @entity10935 (10 mg/day) or @entity5753 (20 mg/day) tablets o.i.d. for 8 weeks. @entity10935 significantly (p < 0.001) lowered serum low-density lipoprotein- @entity165 (LDL-C) (29.9%), total @entity165 (21.1%), @entity1674 (13.6%) and the LDL-C/high-density lipoprotein- @entity165 (HDL-C) (36.7%) and total @entity165 /HDL-C (28.9%) ratios and significantly (p < 0.01) increased HDL-C (12.5%). @entity5753 significantly (p < 0.001) lowered LDL-C (25%), total @entity165 (18%), @entity1674 (10.9%) and the LDL-C/HDL-C (30.4%) and total @entity165 /HDL-C ratios (23.9%) and significantly (p < 0.01) raised HDL-C (8.3%). @entity10935 was more effective (p < 0.05) than @entity5753 in reducing both ratios and in increasing (p < 0.05) HDL-C. @entity10935 , but not @entity5753 , significantly raised the lag time (20.9%) of @entity8863 -induced LDL peroxidation and total plasma antioxidant activity (24.2%) (p < 0.05). Both @entity10935 and @entity5753 significantly decreased the propagation rate (41.9% and 41.6% respectively, p < 0.001), maximal diene production (8.3% and 5.7%) and plasma levels of @entity4466 reactive substances (9.7% and 11.5%, p < 0.001). Both treatments were well tolerated. Only one @entity1 in the @entity5753 group withdrew from the trial due to adverse events. In conclusion, @entity10935 and @entity5753 administered short term to @entity1 with @entity2299 secondary to type 2 @entity6 were effective in lowering @entity165 and in inhibiting the extent of lipid peroxidation. @entity10935 (10 mg/day) was slightly more effective than @entity5753 (20 mg/day) in reducing the LDL-C/HDL-C and total @entity165 /HDL-C ratios, in increasing HDL-C levels and in preventing LDL oxidation. Nevertheless, since this was a pilot study, further clinical studies performed in larger sample sizes of @entity6 @entity1 are needed for definitive conclusions.

title: Effects of @entity10935 and @entity5753 on lipid profile and lipid peroxidation in @entity1 with @entity2299 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity10935 :: ('MESH:C080710', 'Chemical') :: ['policosanol', 'Policosanol']

entities_list: @entity5753 :: ('MESH:D008148', 'Chemical') :: ['lovastatin', 'Lovastatin']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To investigate the safety of combined @entity3969 1 peptide vaccination and @entity2903 treatment of @entity463 , a phase I clinical trial was designed. Seven @entity1 with histological diagnosis of @entity463 underwent concurrent radiotherapy and @entity2903 therapy. @entity1 first received @entity3969 1 peptide vaccination 1  week after the end of combined concurrent radio/ @entity2903 therapy, and administration was continued once per week for 7  weeks. @entity2903 maintenance was started and performed for up to 24 cycles, and the observation period for safety encompassed 6  weeks from the first administration of maintenance @entity2903 . All @entity1 showed good tolerability during the observation period. @entity272 , such as grade 1/2 injection-site reactions, were observed in all seven @entity1 . Although grade 3 @entity2905 potentially due to concurrent radio/ @entity2903 therapy was observed in five @entity1 (71.4  %), no other grade 3/4 hematological or neurological @entity137 were observed. No autoimmune reactions were observed. All @entity1 are still alive, and six are on @entity3969 1 peptide vaccination without progression, yielding a progression-free survival from histological diagnosis of 5.2-49.1  months. @entity3969 1 peptide vaccination was stopped in one @entity1 after 12 injections by the @entity1 's request. The safety profile of the combined @entity3969 1 peptide vaccination and @entity2903 therapy approach for treating @entity463 was confirmed.

title: @entity3969 1 peptide vaccination combined with @entity2903 against newly diagnosed XXXX : safety and impact on immunological response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['Temozolomide', 'temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Skin disorders']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['Wilms tumor']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: Previous studies demonstrated that two accessory proteins, HypA and HypB, play a role in @entity3406 -dependent maturation of both hydrogenase and urease in @entity1534 . Here, the two proteins were purified and characterized. HypA bound two @entity3411 ions per dimer with positive cooperativity (Hill coefficient, approximately 2.0). The dissociation constants K(1) and K(2) for @entity3411 were 58 and 1.3 microM, respectively. Studies on purified site-directed mutant proteins in each of the five @entity3793 residues within HypA, revealed that only one @entity3793 residue (His2) is vital for @entity3406 binding. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that this purified mutant version (H2A) was similar in structure to that of the wild-type HypA protein. A chromosomal site-directed mutant of hypA (in the codon for His2) lacked hydrogenase activity and possessed only 2% of the wild-type urease activity. Purified HypB had a GTPase activity of 5 nmol of @entity3007 hydrolyzed per nmol of HypB per min. Site-directed mutagenesis within the @entity376 residue in the conserved @entity3007 -binding motif of HypB (Lys59) nearly abolished the GTPase activity of the mutant protein ( @entity62785 ). In native solution, both HypA and HypB exist as homodimers with molecular masses of 25.8 and 52.4 kDa, respectively. However, a 1:1 molar mixture of HypA plus HypB gave rise to a 43.6-kDa species composed of both proteins. A 43-kDa heterodimeric HypA-HypB complex was also detected by cross-linking. The cross-linked adduct was still observed in the presence of 0.5 mM @entity3007 or 1 microM @entity3406 or when the mutant version of HypA (altered in His2) and HypB (altered in Lys59) were tested. Individually, HypA and HypB formed homodimeric cross-linked adducts. An interaction between HypA and the Hp0868 protein (encoded by the gene downstream of hypA) could not be detected via cross-linking, although such an interaction was predicted by yeast two-hybrid studies. In addition, the phenotype of an insertional mutation within the Hp0868 gene indicated that its presence is not critical for either the urease or the hydrogenase activity.

title: Characterization of @entity1534 XXXX metabolism accessory proteins needed for maturation of both urease and hydrogenase.

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity62785 :: ('p|SUB|K|59|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K59A']

answer: @entity3406 :: (MESH:D009532,Chemical) :: ['nickel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity73 are core features of @entity161 that have been associated reliably with functional outcomes and now are a focus of treatment research. New rating scales are needed to complement current psychometric testing procedures, both to enable wider clinical use, and to serve as endpoints in clinical trials. METHODS: Subjects were 35 @entity161 @entity1 -and-caregiver pairs recruited from the UCLA and West Los Angeles VA Outpatient Psychiatry Departments. @entity1 were assessed with the Clinical Global Impression of Cognition in @entity161 (CGI-CogS), an interview-based rating scale of cognitive functioning, on 3 occasions (baseline, 1 month, and 3 months). A computerized neurocognitive battery (Cogtest), an assessment of functioning, and symptom measures were administered at two occasions (baseline and one month). RESULTS: The CGI-CogS ratings generally showed a high level of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=.69 to .96), adequate levels of inter-rater reliability (ICC's=.71 to .80), and high test-retest stability (ICC's=.92 to .95). Correlations of caregiver and rater global (but not " @entity1 only rating") CGI-CogS ratings with neurocognitive performance were in the moderate range (r's=-.27 to -.48), while most of the correlations with functional outcome were moderate to high (r's=-.41 to -.72). In fact, the CGI-CogS ratings were significantly more correlated with Social Functioning than were objective neurocognitive test scores (p=.02) and showed a trend in the same direction for predicting Instrumental Functioning (p=.06). We found moderate correlations between CGI-CogS global ratings and PANSS positive (r's=.36 to .49) and @entity12269 negative symptoms (r=.41 to .61), but not with BPRS @entity308 (r's=.11 to .13). CONCLUSIONS: An interview-based measure of cognition demonstrated high internal consistency, good inter-rater reliability, and high test-retest reliability. Caregiver ratings appear to add important clinical information over @entity1 -only ratings. The CGI-CogS showed moderate validity with respect to neurocognitive performance and functional outcome, and correlations of CGI-CogS with functional outcomes were stronger than correlations of objective neurocognitive performance with functional outcomes. The CGI-CogS appears to offer a reliable and valid method for clinical rating of @entity73 and their impact on everyday functioning in @entity161 .

title: Clinical global impression of cognition in XXXX (CGI-CogS): reliability and validity of a co-primary measure of cognition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive deficits', 'cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine patterns of chronic opioid use in selected groups with @entity625 and @entity1643 and compare them with patterns among @entity1 with @entity741 . METHODS: The study database consisted of Medicare beneficiaries who were enrolled in a drug benefit program for low-to-moderate income Pennsylvania residents. We identified selected @entity1 who had a diagnosis of @entity309 , @entity571 , @entity1643 , or @entity741 since 1995. Chronic opioid use, defined as at least six 30-day prescriptions in a year, was the endpoint of interest. We examined the proportion of @entity1 meeting this definition during the period 1996-2001 and determined predictors based on multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Four percent of subjects with @entity309 used opioids chronically in 2001, compared with <1% in each of the other groups. There was no increase in the chronic use of opioids over the 6-year study period. Low-potency opioids were the most commonly prescribed preparations for chronic users from all @entity1 groups. The prior use of medicines for @entity146 , including @entity1245 or barbiturates, was associated with chronic prescription opioid use across all diagnoses. However, subjects with a prior diagnosis of @entity146 were less likely to receive chronic opioids. CONCLUSION: Chronic opioid use is relatively uncommon, even among older individuals with @entity625 or @entity1643 . The proportion of these individuals receiving such medicines has not increased in the late 1990s. There seems to be a complex relationship between @entity146 medication use, @entity146 diagnoses, and the use of chronic opioids among these individuals.

title: Prescription opioid use among older adults with @entity625 or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'low back pain']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric illness']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite limited evidence of effectiveness, withdrawal (discontinuation or dose reduction) of high risk medications known as " @entity101 " ( @entity101 ) is typically conducted as a fall prevention strategy based on presumptive benefit. Our objective is to determine the efficacy of @entity101 ( @entity101 ) withdrawal on the prevention of falls and @entity532 . METHODS/DESIGN: We will search for all published and unpublished randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of FRID withdrawal compared to usual care on the rate of falls, incidence of falls, fall-related injuries, fall-related @entity174 , @entity580 , or adverse effects related to the intervention in adults aged 65  years or older. Electronic database searches will be conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and CINAHL. A grey literature search will be conducted including clinical trial registries and conference proceedings and abstracts. Two reviewers will independently perform in duplicate citation screening, full-text review, data abstraction, and risk of bias assessment. Conflicts will be resolved through team discussion or by a third reviewer if no consensus can be reached. The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria will be used to independently rate overall confidence in effect estimates for each outcome. Results will be synthesized descriptively, and a random effects meta-analysis will be conducted for each outcome if studies are deemed similar methodologically, clinically, and statistically. DISCUSSION: We will attempt to determine whether a FRID withdrawal strategy alone is effective at preventing falls in older adults. Our results will be used to optimize and focus fall prevention strategies and initiatives internationally with a goal of improving the health of older adults. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42016040203.

title: The efficacy of fall-risk-increasing drug (FRID) withdrawal for the prevention of falls and XXXX : protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['fall-related complications']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['fall-risk increasing drugs', 'FRIDs']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['fall-related hospitalizations']

answer: @entity532 :: (MESH:D003925,Disease) :: ['fall-related complications']