abstract: @entity9124 , the @entity1 @entity2199 , is a remarkably infectious and persistent parasite. It is a member of the soil-transmitted helminths or geohelminths and infects in the order of 1472 million @entity1 worldwide. Despite, its high prevalence and wide distribution it remains along with its geohelminth counterparts, a neglected disease. @entity2329 is associated with both chronic and acute morbidity, particularly in growing @entity1 , and the level of morbidity assessed as disability-adjusted life years is about 10.5 million. Like other macroparasite infections, the frequency distribution of A. lumbricoides is aggregated or overdispersed with most hosts harbouring few or no worms and a small proportion harbouring @entity281 . Furthermore, after chemotherapeutic treatment, individuals demonstrate consistency in the pattern of re-infection with @entity2329 , described as predisposition. These epidemiological phenomena have been identified, in a consistent manner, from a range of geographical locations in both @entity1 and adults. However, what has proved to be much more refractory to investigation has been the mechanisms that contribute to the observed epidemiological patterns. Parallel observations utilizing @entity1 subjects and appropriate animal model systems are essential to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying susceptibility/resistance to @entity2329 . Furthermore, these patterns of Ascaris intensity and re-infection have broader implications with respect to helminth control and interactions with other @entity281 .

title: Predisposition to XXXX : patterns, mechanisms and implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2329 :: ('MESH:D001196', 'Disease') :: ['Ascariasis', 'ascariasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['very heavy infections', 'important bystander infections']

entities_list: @entity9124 :: ('6252', 'Species') :: ['Ascaris lumbricoides']

answer: @entity2329 :: (MESH:D001196,Disease) :: ['ascariasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Suicidal ideation is an uncommon symptom than can emerge during antidepressant treatment. The biological basis of treatment-emergent suicidal ideation is unknown. Genetic markers may shed light on the causes of treatment-emergent suicidal ideation and help identify individuals at high risk who may benefit from closer monitoring, alternative treatments, or specialty care. METHOD: A clinically representative cohort of outpatients with major @entity308 who enrolled in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve @entity308 (STAR*D) trial were treated with @entity837 under a standard protocol for up to 14 weeks. DNA samples from 1,915 @entity1 were genotyped for 768 single- @entity4334 polymorphisms in 68 candidate genes. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between the 120 @entity1 who developed treatment-emergent suicidal ideation and those who did not. RESULTS: Two markers were significantly associated with treatment-emergent suicidal ideation in this sample (marker @entity51605 , p=0.0000784, odds ratio=1.94; permutation p=0.01; marker @entity57243 , p=0.0000243, odds ratio=8.23; permutation p=0.003). These markers reside within the genes @entity2374 and @entity2373 , respectively, both of which encode ionotropic @entity3264 receptors. CONCLUSIONS: Markers within @entity2373 and @entity2374 were associated with treatment-emergent suicidal ideation during @entity837 therapy. If replicated, these findings may shed light on the biological basis of this potentially dangerous adverse event and help identify @entity1 at increased risk.

title: Genetic markers of suicidal ideation emerging during @entity837 treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['major depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several papers have shown that quantitationof @entity5 angiogenesis in primary @entity0 by counting blood vessels gives an independent assessment of prognosis. The impact of chemotherapy +/- endocrine therapy on the extent of angiogenesis is unknown. METHODS: Matched pair histological @entity5 samples were obtained before and after primary chemotherapy from 120 @entity0 @entity1 recruited in the same institution. The first 55 cases received @entity786 , @entity1499 , and @entity1487 +/- @entity440 , whereas the subsequent 65 were submitted to single agent @entity1259 . @entity1 underwent an incisional biopsy at diagnosis and definitive surgery on completion of three or four chemotherapy cycles. Microvessel density (MVD) was performed after staining with the @entity2280 monoclonal antibody. RESULTS: MVD slightly decreased after chemotherapy [median 51.26 mm(2) (range 2.33-163.1) and 44.27 mm(2) (2.33-121.16; P < 0.001)]; this small reduction neither correlated with @entity5 response nor with changes in Ki67 expression. MVD at baseline significantly correlated with MVD assessed at definitive surgery (Spearman r = 0.70, P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, @entity1722 status showed an independent role in predicting the reduction in MVD that just failed to attain the statistical significance (P = 0.08), whereas baseline parameters, such as T, N, @entity134 hormone receptor, @entity588 , @entity876 , @entity1722 , and Ki67 expression, did not enter the model. CONCLUSIONS: Primary chemotherapy is able to modestly reduce the MVD in @entity0 . This small change is not biologically important, because the baseline neoangiogenesis status is not substantially changed. The change in microvessel count after chemotherapy could be potentially influenced by the @entity1722 status.

title: Changes in microvessel density as assessed by @entity2280 antibodies after primary chemotherapy in XXXX @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 855 Introduction: It has been show that @entity1 achieving a pathological complete response to primary chemotherapy benefit in terms of prolonged overall survival (NSABP B18). @entity1205 (D) plus @entity632 (d) is a highly active combination in metastatic @entity0 (Mackey JR, Proc ASCO 2002) as well as in the neo-adyuvant setting (Ian C, JCO 2002). A three-drug combination could improve these results. METHODS: In this study, females diagnosed of stage II-III LABC between May 2001 to October 2003 with 18-75 years, PS 0-1, and adequate renal, liver and hematological functions were included. Chemotherapy schema (TAC): D 75 mg/m2, @entity786 500 mg/m2 and d 50 mg/m2 on day 1, every 21 days plus @entity1261 days 5(th) to 11(th). Four to six courses (c) were scheduled and assessment for clinical response (CR) was made after 2(nd), 4(th) and 6(th) c. RESULTS: 33 @entity1 (p) were enrolled and pathological response (PR) was already available in 26p. @entity1 characteristics: median age 53 years (39-73); 25p had PS=0 (75,7%); 36,4% presented with stage IIA, 30,3% stage IIB, 30,3% stage IIIA, and 3,0% stage IIIB; 27p had ductal invasive histology and 6p had a lobular invasive @entity5 ; ER were positive in 22p (66,6%) and negative in 11 p (33,4%); @entity1722 was +++/+++ in 7p (21,2%), ++/+++ in 9p (27,3%) and negative in 17p (51,5%). Chemotherapy: 137c were given (median 4 c/p). Surgery had been performed in 78,8% of p. @entity137 : all p had grade 3 alopecia and 4p had grade 3 asthenia; 9p had a @entity221 episode but none resulted in @entity204 . No other severe @entity137 was recorded (including clinical @entity1370 ). CR rate was assessed in 30p (90%) and it was complete in 9p and partial in 21p (overall 100%). 6p achieved a complete pathological response (PR) (18%) and 8 p a partial PR (24,2%). 15 p had a mastectomy performed (45,4%). CONCLUSIONS: This phase II study of @entity5467 as induction chemotherapy in @entity1 with LABC showed a high (both clinical and pathological) response rate. The main significant @entity137 was the high incidence of @entity221 despite the routine use of stimulating factors. Final results will be presented. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Phase II trial of XXXX plus @entity632 and @entity786 in locally advanced @entity0 (LABC).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'TOXICITY']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['septic death']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['Docetaxel']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: This is a report of a 31-year-old @entity1 with non-herpetic acute @entity14204 following a type-2 @entity9504 . The @entity1 was admitted to a hospital with high fever, severe @entity409 , and @entity882 . Six days after admission, she became afebrile, and her @entity409 was normalized by conservative therapy. However, the @entity1 started to experience generalized @entity410 that developed into @entity302 . The @entity1 was then transferred to a referred hospital. Brain MR images revealed faint high-signal intensity in the bilateral limbic systems on FLAIR images. A CSF examination indicated mild pleocytosis. These findings suggested acute @entity14204 , which may have been mediated by an @entity792 following some @entity1800 . Thus, @entity134 pulse therapy was started on the day of admission. The @entity1 's condition, including the @entity410 and @entity132 involving consciousness, improved gradually. The @entity1 was discharged from the hospital in one month while still experiencing mild @entity2414 . Three months after onset of the illness, a T1-weighted MR image showed a linear high-signal intensity in the hippocampi, which indicated focal @entity39 . Six months after onset, the @entity1 's @entity2414 had been improved (her MMSE score was 28/30 points). We investigated the titers of many viruses that are known to cause @entity409 and found that a titer of the type-2 adenovirus was significantly elevated within three weeks. Although the anti-voltage-gated @entity972 channel (VGKC) antibody was not detected in the patient's serum, it seems that the @entity792 after the type-2 @entity9504 may have caused the acute @entity14204 .

title: [A case of non-herpetic acute XXXX associated with a type-2 @entity9504 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9504 :: ('MESH:D000257', 'Disease') :: ['adenovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['disturbances']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['status epileptics']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory disturbances', 'memory disturbance']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune reaction']

entities_list: @entity14204 :: ('MESH:D020363', 'Disease') :: ['limbic encephalitis']

answer: @entity14204 :: (MESH:D020363,Disease) :: ['limbic encephalitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the clinical and radiologic characteristics of a group of @entity1 who experienced unilateral exophthalmos associated with @entity1184 . The clinical features of these @entity1 are presented and a hypothesis proposed to explain this condition for which the authors introduce the term @entity5768 ( @entity5768 ). METHODS: Retrospective, noncomparative case series. @entity1 : Four @entity1 experienced slow progressive unilateral exophthalmos associated with @entity1184 , with no evidence of orbital mass or extraocular muscles involvement. INTERVENTION: Main Outcome Measures. Symptomatic outcome and measurement of the degree of relative exophthalmos. RESULTS: The onset of exophthalmos was associated with clinical and radiologic features that resemble @entity5768 . In all @entity1 , radiologic examination demonstrated an @entity1184 and not the presence of @entity2694 or expanding lesions of paranasal sinus. After daily intranasal spray of @entity134 , in three of the four cases the globe returned to within 1 mm of exophthalmometry of the contralateral eye. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between the feature of @entity5578 and the development of @entity5768 has been described in the literature. The four cases described herein appear peculiar for the slow progressive onset of the exophthalmos, without inflammatory and mass effect signs. This condition associated in all cases with @entity1184 of the nasal mucosa provides a guide to a hypothetical mechanism for @entity5768 . According to these hypothesis, the therapy should be devoted to the @entity11766 more than the orbital.

title: Unilateral exophthalmos associated with XXXX : @entity5768 ( @entity5768 ). A description of a new clinical condition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral mucosal turbinate hypertrophy', 'ipsilateral hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity5768 :: ('MESH:D005094', 'Disease') :: ['BES', 'ipsilateral exophthalmos', 'benign exophthalmos syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital disease']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity11766 :: ('MESH:D009668', 'Disease') :: ['nasal disease']

entities_list: @entity5578 :: ('MESH:D010254', 'Disease') :: ['paranasal sinus disease']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['ipsilateral mucosal turbinate hypertrophy']


abstract: @entity3432 ) has an indispensable role as a Nodal co-receptor for patterning of body axis in embryonic development. CR-1 is reported to have a paracrine activity as a Nodal co-receptor, although CR-1 is primarily produced as a @entity4495 ( @entity10611 )-anchored membrane protein. Regulation of cis and trans function of CR-1 should be important to establish the precise body patterning. However, the mechanism by which @entity10611 -anchored CR-1 can act in trans is not well known. Here we confirmed the paracrine activity of CR-1 by fluorescent cell-labeling and immunofluorescent staining. We generated @entity1473 -terminal-truncated soluble forms of CR-1 based on the attachment site for the @entity10611 moiety (omega-site), which we identified in the present study. @entity10611 -anchored CR-1 has a significantly higher activity than @entity1473 -terminal-truncated soluble forms to induce Nodal signal in trans as well as in cis. Moreover, transmembrane forms of CR-1 partially retained their ability to induce Nodal signaling only when type I receptor Activin-like kinase 4 was overexpressed. NTERA2/D1 cells, which express endogenous CR-1, lost the cell-surface expression of CR-1 after @entity4357 -phospholipase C treatment and became refractory to stimulation of Nodal. These observations suggest that @entity10611 attachment of CR-1 is required for the paracrine activity as a Nodal co-receptor.

title: Requirement of XXXX anchor of Cripto-1 for trans activity as a Nodal co-receptor.

entities_list: @entity4495 :: ('MESH:D017261', 'Chemical') :: ['glycosylphosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity4495 :: (MESH:D017261,Chemical) :: ['glycosylphosphatidylinositol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the presence of a membrane-associated and secreted @entity3558 ( @entity2355 ) and a secreted gel-forming @entity3558 ( @entity5091 ) in normal and malignant urothelium. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sections were obtained from archival paraffin blocks from 11 @entity1 with nonmalignant urological conditions and 89 @entity1 with @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ). @entity3558 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies BC2 and 4F1, reactive with epitopes on the protein core of @entity2355 and @entity5091 respectively. RESULTS: In normal urothelium @entity2355 was limited predominantly to the apical membranes of the umbrella cell layer. @entity2355 was present in all cases of @entity1606 , and the pattern of expression divided into three categories: luminal membrane staining only, luminal plus cytoplasmic staining of intermediate +/- basal layers, or staining of only isolated cells or cell groups. These staining patterns were significantly associated with both @entity5 grade and stage (P < 0.001), with cytoplasmic staining more prevalent in higher grade and stage @entity5 . @entity5091 was not detected in normal urothelium, and was present in 40% of cases of @entity1606 , characterized by intense granular cytoplasmic staining. No association between @entity5091 expression and either @entity5 grade or stage was demonstrated. CONCLUSION: @entity2355 @entity3558 was expressed by both normal and malignant urothelium, with increased expression characteristic of higher grade and stage @entity5 . @entity5091 expression was found in 40% of @entity5 but not in normal urothelium. The role of these mucins in the biology of the bladder requires further investigation.

title: @entity3558 expression by XXXX of the bladder.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinomas', 'TCC']

answer: @entity1606 :: (MESH:D002295,Disease) :: ['transitional cell carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the cytogenetic observations on abnormal @entity1 pregnancies ( @entity2099 , early fetal loss, and hydatidiform moles), and to detect the most frequent or typical chromosomal aberration for @entity2099 and early fetal loss. STUDY DESIGN: Abnormal pregnancies were divided into three clinical and morphological groups: (a) @entity2099 ; (b) early fetal loss, and (c) hydatidiform mole. Of the 119 karyotyped tissue samples, 42 (35%) were from anembryonic pregnancies, 64 (54%) from early fetal losses, and 13 (11%) were from hydatidiform moles (6 complete and 7 partial moles). Long-term cultures of chorionic villi and GTG-banding techniques were used for chromosome analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The overall frequency of @entity2008 among the 119 karyotyped spontaneous abortions was found to be 37.8%. Trisomy (double trisomy included) accounted for 35.6% of all aberrations, followed by @entity5700 (33.3%), mosaicism (11.1%), structural abnormalities (4.4%), and @entity2689 (2.2%). Although the difference was not statistically significant, single trisomy was the predominant @entity2008 found in anembryonic pregnancies (64.3 %) while in cases of early fetal loss, trisomy (double trisomy included) (38.9%) and @entity8338 (27.8%) were quite frequently present. The frequency of @entity8338 among all chromosomal abnormalities was 28.9%, and 53.8% of them were found in partial hydatidiform mole. The rest of them were almost exclusively found in early fetal losses. @entity1475 (androgenetic in origin) were present in 13.3% of all aberrations, of which 83.3% had a 46,XX, and the rest of them had a 46,XY karyotype.

title: @entity2008 in abnormal XXXX pregnancies.

entities_list: @entity5700 :: ('MESH:D011123', 'Disease') :: ['polyploidy']

entities_list: @entity8338 :: ('MESH:D057885', 'Disease') :: ['triploidy']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['anembryonic pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['monosomy X']

entities_list: @entity1475 :: ('MESH:D006828', 'Disease') :: ['Complete hydatidiform moles']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome abnormality', 'chromosome anomalies']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A consecutive series of 71 @entity1 who underwent craniofacial resection between 1974 and 1990 for @entity5 that involved the anterior cranial base was reviewed. A variety of histologic diagnoses was present in this series. The most prevalent sites of origin included the nasal cavity, ethmoid sinus, and frontal sinus. @entity5 removal was achieved in all @entity1 , with 29 requiring orbital exenteration. Adjuvant radiation therapy was used in 25 @entity1 . Two @entity1 died of @entity260 and 26 had complications that increased morbidity and length of the hospitalization. Five-year overall survival was 56%, with a median survival of 4.2 years. Local control was observed in 40 of 56 @entity1 with negative margins and 9 of 15 @entity1 with positive margins. There was no difference in survival between previously treated and untreated @entity1 . Survival varied considerably among the various pathologic diagnoses. Survival was related to the extent of disease. @entity1 with either dural or brain invasion had significantly decreased survival compared to those with no dural invasion. The operative procedure is safe, with acceptable morbidity and mortality, and offers respectable survival in properly selected @entity1 .

title: Craniofacial resection for XXXX involving the anterior skull base.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Gross tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: Advanced medical technology has resulted in an increased survival rate of @entity1 suffering from @entity11627 . After hospitalization, these technology-dependent @entity1 require special home care for assuring ventilator support and the monitoring of vital parameters mainly during sleep. The daily challenges associated with caring for these @entity1 can place primary caregivers under significant stress, especially at night. Our study aimed at investigating how this condition affects mothers and fathers by producing poor @entity25 , high-level diurnal @entity25 , @entity148 , and @entity308 . METHODS: The study included parents of 23 subjects with @entity11627 and 23 healthy subjects. All parents filled out the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, @entity25 ( @entity25 ), Beck @entity308 Inventory (BDI-II), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). RESULTS: A comparison between the two groups showed that parents of @entity1 had poorer @entity25 , greater @entity25 , and higher BDI-II scores compared to that of parents of healthy subjects (respectively, PSQI score 6.5 vs 3.8, @entity25 score 6.2 vs 4.3, BDI-II score 8.4 vs 5.7). Specifically, mothers of @entity1 showed poorer @entity25 and higher BDI-II scores compared to that of mothers of controls (respectively, PSQI score 7.5 vs 3.8, BDI-II score 9.3 vs 5.9), whereas fathers of @entity1 showed greater levels of @entity25 with respect to fathers of healthy @entity1 (respectively, @entity25 score 6.8 vs 4.0). These differences emerged in parents of younger @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity11627 impacts the family with different consequences for mothers and fathers. Indeed, while the @entity1 ' sleep is safeguarded, sleeping problems may occur in primary caregivers often associated with other @entity74 . Specifically, this disease affects @entity25 and mood in the mothers and @entity25 levels in the fathers.

title: Sleeping problems in mothers and fathers of @entity1 suffering from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity11627 :: ('MESH:C536209', 'Disease') :: ['congenital central hypoventilation syndrome', 'Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['psychological disorders']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness', 'Epworth Sleepiness Scale', 'sleep quality', 'ESS']

answer: @entity11627 :: (MESH:C536209,Disease) :: ['congenital central hypoventilation syndrome']


abstract: Cell number, protein, and @entity4514 ( @entity4515 )-induced @entity274 production were measured in cultured @entity1 peripheral blood monocytes for six days after exposure to varying doses of gamma-radiation. Both the number of adherent cells and the protein per dish decreased with increasing radiation doses. The dose of radiation decreasing the number of adherent cells by 37% on days 4 and 6 postirradiation was 29 Gy. Four hours postirradiation there was a small decrease in @entity4515 -induced @entity274 production for doses of 7.5 Gy or greater; levels returned to normal by eight hours and increased at 24 hours postirradiation. By day 4 postirradiation significant increases in @entity4515 -induced @entity274 production were noted at all radiation doses (2.5 to 50 Gy). This increase was not due to a shift in the @entity4515 dose-response curve, a change in the time course of the @entity4515 response, or an effect of decreased cell density on the assay system. @entity224 levels were not significantly changed in cells exposed to 20 Gy. @entity2196 , @entity2041 peroxidase, and @entity224 dismutase levels also were unchanged. Culturing irradiated cells with gamma-interferon increased @entity4515 -induced @entity274 release, which indicated that irradiated cells retained their capacity to respond to gamma-interferon. These data demonstrate that irradiation affects the @entity4515 -induced @entity274 production of @entity1 monocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner. An increase in the release of reactive @entity26 intermediates by the macrophage may play a role in enhancing the deleterious effects of radiation in vivo.

title: Exposure to gamma-irradiation increases @entity4514 -induced XXXX production in @entity1 macrophages.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide', 'Superoxide']

answer: @entity274 :: (CHEBI:16240,Chemical) :: ['H2O2']


abstract: @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is the leading cause of @entity5 -related @entity204 worldwide. Within the molecular scope of NCSLC, a complex landscape of dysregulated cellular signaling has emerged, defined largely by mutations in select mediators of signal transduction, including the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) and @entity706 ( @entity7041 ) kinases. Consequently, these mutant kinases become constitutively activated and targets for chemotherapeutic intervention. Encouragingly, small molecule inhibitors of these pathways have shown promise in clinical trials or are approved for clinical use. However, many protein kinases are dysregulated in @entity1149 without genetic mutations. To quantify differences in @entity5 cell signaling that are transparent to genomic methods, we established a super-SILAC internal standard derived from @entity1149 cell lines grown in vitro and labeled with heavy @entity376 and @entity369 , and deployed them in a phosphoproteomic workflow. We identified 9019 and 8753 phosphorylation sites in two separate @entity5 . Relative quantification of phosphopeptide abundance between @entity5 samples allowed for the determination of specific hubs and pathways differing between each @entity5 . Sites downstream of Ras showed decreased inhibitory phosphorylation (Raf/ @entity8047 ) and increased activating phosphorylation ( @entity1366 ) in one @entity5 versus another. In this way, we were able to quantitatively access oncogenic kinase signaling in primary @entity1 @entity5 . BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Through the use of quantitative proteomics, we demonstrated the feasibility and coverage that large scale mass spectrometry can leverage for understanding kinase networks in @entity5 . By incorporating Super-SILAC based quantitation into a typical pathology workflow, we were able to access and compare @entity5 from multiple @entity1 in this analysis with high accuracy and dynamic range. We analyzed @entity5 from @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1149 and were able to detect comprehensive phosphorylation networks relaying through known hubs of oncogenesis in @entity2 . We hereby show that it is possible to track changes to phosphorylation networks across @entity5 , opening up the possibility that drug susceptibility and @entity1 -specific stratification can be implemented downstream of classical pathology.

title: Quantitative phosphoproteomic profiling of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'multiple tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'Non-small cell lung cancer', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer tumors']


abstract: @entity2753 is associated with elevated wait-list mortality among @entity3851 candidates for liver transplantation (LT). However, the effect of low serum @entity1372 on the survival benefit of LT has not been examined. We sought to determine whether pretransplant @entity2753 is associated with an altered LT survival benefit. Data were obtained from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. The study population consisted of adults (age   >=    18 years) placed on the waiting list for LT between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2012 (n   =   69,213). The effect of @entity2753 on the survival benefit was assessed via sequential stratification, an extension of Cox regression. Each transplant recipient was matched to appropriate candidates then active on the waiting list with the same @entity3851 ( @entity3851 ) score and in the same donation service area. The focus of the analysis was the interaction between the serum @entity1372 and the @entity3851 score with respect to the survival benefit of LT; this was defined as the covariate-adjusted hazard ratio contrasting post-LT mortality and pre-LT mortality. The LT survival benefit increased significantly with decreasing serum @entity1372 values when the @entity3851 scores were >11. The survival benefit of LT was not affected by serum @entity1372 for @entity1 with @entity3851 scores    <=   11. In conclusion, the LT survival benefit (or lack thereof) is independent of serum @entity1372 for @entity1 with @entity3851 scores    <=   11. The increase in the survival benefit with decreasing serum @entity1372 among @entity1 with @entity3851 scores   >   11 is consistent with recently approved changes to the allocation system incorporating serum @entity1372 . Liver Transpl 21:308-313, 2015.    2015 AASLD.

title: Serum XXXX and survival benefit of liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia', 'Hyponatremia']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage liver disease', 'MELD', 'Model for End-Stage Liver Disease']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: This prospective study was carried out at Jaja Clinic, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The study documented the knowledge of mothers of @entity1 about the cause, prevention and symptoms of @entity311 . These were mothers of @entity1 between ages 1 month to 12 years that presented with @entity221 at the clinic for the first time during the current illness. Data was collected with structured questionnaires administered to the mothers of the enrolled @entity1 . The @entity1 were clinically examined by clinicians and blood films for @entity311 parasites were taken and examined in the laboratory using Giemsa stain. The haematocrit level of each @entity1 was also determined. 60.4% of the @entity1 were 1 month-5 years (mean age 33.0 +/- 15.2 months) while 39.6% of them were over 5-12 years (mean 8.1 +/- 2.1 years). Most of the mothers (58.3%) had above secondary school education. Blood films for @entity311 parasites were positive in 76% of the @entity1 that presented with @entity221 . 74.2% of the mothers knew mosquito bite as the cause of @entity311 while 13.2% of them were ignorant of the cause of @entity311 . The main protective measures practiced by the mothers against mosquito bites were netted windows (86.2%), use of aerosol insecticides (76.1%), and mosquito coil (17.0%). Most mothers were not knowledgeable about the use of insecticide treated nets (ITN) which is the most recently introduced protective measure against mosquito bite. Ninety percent of the mothers knew @entity221 as the major symptom of @entity311 . The degree of parasitaemia affected the @entity1485 level. The greater the parasite count, the lower the @entity1485 level.

title: Mothers knowledge on the cause, prevention and symptoms of XXXX in a university staff clinic in an urban setting in Southwestern Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: Accumulating evidence has recently indicated a vital role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the development of various @entity79 . However, the biological role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of non-traumatic @entity2530 of femoral head (ONFH) has not yet been investigated. The present study aimed to profile the differential miRNA expression between non-traumatic ONFH and @entity2249 and to develop further understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of non-traumatic ONFH. Femoral heads from 4 @entity1 with non-traumatic ONFH and 4 with @entity2249 were used to analyze the miRNA expression profiles in bone tissue using the Exiqon miRCURY    LNA Array (v.18.0). The results of miRNA microarray analysis were further confirmed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The differentially expressed miRNA target genes and signaling pathways involved were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. MiRNA microarray chip analysis revealed that 22 miRNAs were significantly up-regulated and 17 were significantly down-regulated in the non-traumatic ONFH samples compared with the @entity2249 samples. The real-time qPCR also confirmed the microarray data. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that toll-like receptor (TLR), @entity2252 and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway were most likely to be regulated by these differential miRNAs. This miRNA microarray study reveals significant differences in miRNA expression between @entity1 with non-traumatic ONFH and those with @entity2249 . Our data also manifests that the signaling pathways regulated by these differentially expressed miRNAs might be important in the pathogenesis of non-traumatic ONFH.

title: Identification of differentially expressed microRNAs involved in non-traumatic XXXX through microRNA expression profiling.

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone diseases']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['osteonecrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Currently, radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant @entity2903 has become the standard treatment for @entity463 . The purpose of this study was to report our experience with radiation plus concomitant @entity2903 in 116 @entity1 with @entity463 ( @entity463 ) and examine the value of different prognostic factors. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective analysis of 116 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity463 , who were treated at our department between January 1994 and March 2009. @entity1 AND METHODS: Age, gender, Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) score, a preoperative history of @entity410 , extent of surgery, total radiotherapy dose, and use of concomitant and adjuvant @entity2903 were evaluated in uni- and multivariate analyses. Survival was determined using the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences were compared using the log rank test. Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify the independent prognostic factors. RESULTS: The median overall survival time was 9 months, and the 1- and 2-year survival rates were 41.9% and 9.6%, respectively. The univariate analysis revealed that age, KPS score, presence of @entity410 , radiation doses, and use of concomitant and adjuvant @entity2903 were significant prognostic factors. The multivariate analysis confirmed that the age, KPS score, presence of @entity410 , radiation doses, and use of concomitant and adjuvant @entity2903 were independent, significant prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our analyses demonstrate that radiation with concomitant and adjuvant @entity2903 yields encouraging outcomes in @entity1 with @entity463 , validating the results published in research papers. In addition, age, KPS score, presence of @entity410 , and radiation doses were identified as prognostic factors.

title: Prognostic significance of concomitant radiotherapy in newly diagnosed @entity463 : a multivariate analysis of 116 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Natural Killer (NK) cells recognize and destroy @entity5 and virus-infected cells in an antibody-independent manner. The regulation of NK cells is mediated by activating and inhibiting receptors on the NK cell surface. One important family of activating receptors is the natural @entity137 receptors (NCRs) which include @entity3221 , @entity19124 and @entity3222 . The NCRs initiate @entity5 targeting by recognition of heparan @entity597 on @entity5 cells. This study aims to elucidate heparan @entity597 structural motifs that are important for @entity14078 binding. Microarray and surface plasmon resonance experiments with a small library of heparan @entity597 /heparin oligosaccharides helped to clarify the binding preferences of the three NCRs. We demonstrate that the NCRs interact with highly charged HS/heparin structures, but differ in preferred modification patterns and chain lengths. The affinity of @entity3221 and @entity19124 for synthetic HS/heparin is approximately one order of magnitude higher than the affinity of @entity3222 . We further show the relevance of synthetic HS/heparin for the binding of NCRs to @entity5 cells and for @entity14078 -mediated activation of natural killer cells. In conclusion, NCRs recognize different microdomains on heparan @entity597 with different affinities.

title: Natural @entity137 receptors @entity3221 , XXXX and @entity3222 bind to different heparan @entity597 /heparin sequences.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity19124 :: (9436,Gene) :: ['NKp44']


abstract: @entity398 (OT) in the central nervous system (CNS) influences social cognition and behavior, making it a candidate for treating @entity922 such as @entity161 and @entity2438 . Intranasal administration has been proposed as a possible route of delivery to the CNS for molecules like OT. While intranasal administration of OT influences social cognition and behavior, it is not well established whether this is an effective means for delivering OT to CNS targets. We administered OT or its vehicle (saline) to 15 primates ( @entity2608 ), using either intranasal spray or a nebulizer, and measured OT concentration changes in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and in blood. All subjects received both delivery methods and both drug conditions. Baseline samples of blood and CSF were taken immediately before drug administration. Blood was collected every 10 minutes after administration for 40 minutes and CSF was collected once post-delivery, at the 40 minutes time point. We found that intranasal administration of exogenous OT increased concentrations in both CSF and plasma compared to saline. Both delivery methods resulted in similar elevations of OT concentration in CSF, while the changes in plasma OT concentration were greater after nasal spray compared to nebulizer. In conclusion our study provides evidence that both nebulizer and nasal spray OT administration can elevate CSF OT levels.

title: CSF and blood XXXX concentration changes following intranasal delivery in macaque.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['Macaca mulatta']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinical disorders']

answer: @entity398 :: (MESH:D010121,Chemical) :: ['oxytocin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity124 ( @entity124 ) is a mutational signature that is the hallmark of @entity4309 , and @entity124 testing is a cost-effective method to screen the disease. Since there is no enough data about @entity124 status and associated clinicopathologic features of @entity14 ( @entity14 ) in Iran, our study is a new trial to describe them in center of Iran (Isfahan). MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a descriptive retrospective study to screen @entity14 families using Amsterdam II criteria in Central Iran within 2000-2013. For @entity124 testing, we used a commercially available kit evaluating @entity20133 markers (BAT-25, BAT-26, MON0-27, NR-21 and NR-24). After a fluorescent multiplex polymerase chain reaction amplification of the markers, samples were sequenced to fragment analysis. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 16 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS: Overall, 31 of 45 screened @entity14 families were eventually included to @entity124 testing. Totally, 9/31 @entity1 (29.0%) showed @entity124 in their @entity5 tissues. BAT-26 was the most instable marker with instability in 7/24 @entity5 (29.2%). The mean age at diagnosis in @entity124 ( @entity124 ), @entity124 ( @entity124 ), and @entity124 ( @entity124 ) probands was respectively 44.7 (standard deviation [SD] = 11.83), 51.7 (SD = 16.17), and 36.0 (SD = 3.41) years. The most common @entity5 sites in @entity124 , @entity124 , and @entity124 probands were rectosigmoid (   72.8%), rectum (66.7%) and right colon (50.0%), respectively. Of 186 @entity5 @entity1 among 31 @entity14 families, 86 @entity1 (46.2%) had @entity14 ( @entity14 ) and 100 @entity1 (53.8%) had @entity5 . The average of @entity14 affected members among @entity124 , @entity124 , and @entity124 groups of our @entity14 families was 2.2 (SD = 1.30), 3.3 (SD = 3.21), and 4.7 (SD = 2.42) @entity1 per family, respectively. Stomach with 18.3% and 26.7% of all @entity5 were most common involved organ in @entity124 and @entity124 families, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our different molecular results could be suggested to describe @entity14 families based on some new molecular mechanisms leading to @entity124 @entity14 phenotypes. Meanwhile, more evaluations within our population are recommended.

title: XXXX microsatellite instability and clinicopathologic features in Iranian @entity14 @entity1 at risk for @entity4309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI-H', 'MSI-High', 'microsatellite stable', 'MSI-Low', 'Microsatellite instability', 'MSI', 'MSS', 'MSI-L']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'MSI tumors', 'cancer', 'extracolonic cancers']

entities_list: @entity20133 :: ('CHEBI:29075', 'Chemical') :: ['mononucleotide']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer', 'HNPCC', 'CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this report is to identify self-reported health problems and functional impairment associated with screening positive for @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) in @entity1 seen for care at a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical center. METHODS: A survey was mailed to all @entity1 (N = 1935) who received care at the VA Puget Sound Health Care System between October 1996 and January 1998. The survey inquired about health history and habits. It included the @entity1005 Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) and validated screening measures for other @entity146 . The veteran's version of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36-V) was included to assess health-related quality of life. RESULTS: Of the 1259 eligible @entity1 who completed the survey, 266 @entity1 (21%) screened positive for current @entity1005 (PCL-C score >or= 50). In age-adjusted bivariate analyses, @entity1 who screened positive for @entity1005 reported more @entity146 problems, substance abuse, and lifetime exposure to domestic violence. They were significantly more likely to endorse physical health problems including obesity, smoking, @entity1744 , @entity239 , chronic @entity2371 , @entity3610 , @entity565 , @entity5 , and @entity64 . In fully adjusted multivariate models, a PCL-C score of 50 or greater was independently associated with scoring in the lowest quartile on SF-36-V subscales and composite scales. CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms of @entity1005 are common in @entity1 treated at VA facilities. In addition, @entity1005 is associated with self-reported mental and physical health problems and poor health-related quality of life in these @entity1 . These findings have implications for the design of VA primary care services for the growing population of female veterans.

title: XXXX in female veterans: association with self-reported health problems and functional impairment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary disease']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['Posttraumatic stress disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Historically, there have been few drug trials for antihypertensive treatment in childhood and recommendations have been extrapolated from data obtained in adulthood. During the last decade an increased awareness of the risks of childhood @entity101 stimulated clinical trials of antihypertensive agents in @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to systematically review the studies published between 1995 and 2006 that deal with the effect of antihypertensive drugs on childhood @entity101 or @entity644 . METHODS: Medline, Current Contents, personal files and reference lists were used as data sources. RESULTS: Fifty-two out of 79 initially found reports were excluded. Consequently 27 articles were retained for the final analysis. The blood pressure reduction was similar with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (10.7/8.1 mmHg), angiotensin II receptor antagonists (10.5/6.9 mmHg) and @entity460 -channel blockers (9.3/7.2 mmHg). In addition angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (by 49%) and angiotensin II receptor antagonists (by 59%) significantly reduced pathological @entity644 . CONCLUSIONS: The blood pressure reduction of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists and @entity460 -channel blockers is almost identical. In @entity1 with pathological @entity644 angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II antagonists are superior to @entity460 -channel blockers.

title: Effects of antihypertensive drugs on blood pressure and XXXX in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['proteinuria']


abstract: @entity1862 (HU) is a potent @entity1 teratogen. Within 2-4 hours after maternal injection, HU causes 1) a rapid episode of @entity204 ) profound inhibition of embryonic DNA synthesis. A variety of antioxidants delays the onset of embryonic cell death and reduces the incidence of @entity600 . Antioxidants do not block the inhibition of DNA synthesis, indicating that early embryonic cell death is not caused by inhibited DNA synthesis. We have suggested that some HU molecules may react within the embryo to produce @entity274 and subsequent free radicals, including the very reactive @entity3787 free radical. The free radicals could cause the early cell death; antioxidants are believed to terminate the aberrant free radical reactions resulting in @entity137 . To investigate whether @entity3787 free radicals cause the early episode of cell death, pregnant New Zealand white @entity95 were injected subcutaneously on gestational day 12 with a teratogenic dose of HU (650 mg/kg) in the presence or absence of 550 mg/kg of @entity2656 ( @entity1 ), a specific scavenger of @entity3787 free radicals. Osmotic control @entity95 received HU plus 550 mg/kg of @entity6122 ( @entity27233 , a nonactive @entity3650 ). At term, the teratologic effects of HU were ameliorated by @entity1 as evidenced by decreased incidences of the expected limb @entity600 . @entity27233 exerted no demonstrable effect on HU teratogenesis. Histological examination of limb buds at 3-8 hours after maternal injection, showed that @entity1 delayed the onset of HU-induced cell death by as much as 4 hours. @entity27233 had no effect. That @entity1 acts within the embryo was shown by performing intracoelomic injections on alternate implantation sites with @entity1 , @entity27233 , or saline followed by subcutaneous injection of the pregnant doe with HU. Embryos were harvested 3-8 hours later. Limb buds from saline- and @entity27233 -injected embryos exhibited the typical pattern of widespread HU-induced cell death at 3-4 hours, whereas @entity1 -injected embryos did not exhibit cell death until 5-8 hours. These results are consistent with those reported for antioxidant-mediated amelioration of HU-induced developmental @entity137 and with the hypothesis that @entity3787 free radicals are the proximate reactive species in HU-induced early embryonic cell death.

title: @entity2656 , a specific @entity3787 free radical scavenger, reduces the developmental XXXX of @entity1862 in @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'Man']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['D-mannitol']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'lessened developmental toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'birth defects']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic cell death and 2']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The visual association test (VAT) is a brief learning task based on imagery mnemonics. The test materials consist of six line drawings of pairs of interacting objects or animals-for example, an ape holding an umbrella. The @entity1 is asked to name each object and, later, is presented with one object from the pair and asked to name the other. OBJECTIVE: To verify that the task induces robust incidental or effortless learning (study 1), and to study the efficiency of the test as a discriminator between early @entity303 of the @entity195 (DAT) and non-demented @entity1 (study 2) and non-DAT types of @entity303 (study 3). METHODS: Study 1: two groups of elderly volunteers were administered the VAT. The stimuli were presented in the interactive fashion to group A-for example, a monkey carrying an umbrella (n=83)-and side by side to group B-for example, separate pictures of a monkey alone and an umbrella alone (n=79). Group B received learning instructions, but group A did not. Study 2: three groups of subjects were selected from a population based follow up study: incident DAT cases (n=24), cognitively declining subjects not diagnosed with @entity303 (n=21), and stable non-demented subjects (n=204). Test performance of the non-demented group at baseline was compared with that of @entity1 with DAT at the time of their diagnosis, of @entity1 with DAT a year before their diagnosis, and of non-demented declining subjects at baseline. Study 3: subjects were @entity1 referred for neuropsychological assessment because of suspected @entity303 . They were diagnosed by consensus criteria of various @entity303 syndromes. RESULTS: Study 1: recall was more than twice as high in group A as in group B. Thus interactive presentation, even in the absence of learning instructions, enhances learning. Study 2: at a level of 97.5% specificity, the VAT had a sensitivity of 87.5% for DAT cases at the time of diagnosis and 66.7% one year before diagnosis. The cognitively declining group scored significantly lower on the VAT at baseline than the non-demented group. The VAT discriminated more effectively than both the MMSE and the six item picture learning task from the CAMCOG. Study 3: VAT scores were significantly lower in @entity1 with DAT (n=48) than in @entity1 with @entity1294 (n=37), @entity4943 (n=9), or subcortical @entity303 (n=15), but not lower than in @entity1 with @entity1832 (n=7). Mean mini mental state examination scores of these groups were not significantly different. The VAT discriminated @entity1 with DAT from @entity1 with other types of @entity303 more effectively than a prose recall test. Sensitivity was 79% and specificity 69%. CONCLUSIONS: The VAT detects with high specificity a sizeable proportion of @entity1 with DAT a year before the diagnosis, and a low VAT score is relatively uncommon in @entity1 with non-DAT @entity303 .

title: Visual association test to detect early @entity303 of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['Lewy body dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer type']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal dementia']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer type']


abstract: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been recognized as key players in the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by migration and proliferation of endothelial cells and their subsequent invasion of the underlying stroma. The prevention of ECM degradation through the inhibition of MMP activity has been shown to be a promising therapeutic approach to block the invasion that occurs during angiogenesis. In previous studies, we demonstrated the anti- @entity5 effect of a nutrient mixture (NM) containing @entity620 , @entity376 , @entity1521 , green tea extract, @entity369 , @entity898 , @entity4259 , @entity920 and @entity921 on various @entity5 cell lines in vivo and in vitro. The aim of the present study was to determine whether this mixture has anti-angiogenic effects on @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). At near confluence, the HUVEC cell cultures were tested with NM at 0, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1000 microg/ml in triplicate at each dose for proliferation, migration, MMP expression, and invasion. Cell proliferation was evaluated by @entity98 assay, invasion potential by Matrigel invasion, MMP expression by gelatinase zymography, and cell migration by a 2 mm-wide scratch in plates. For tube formation, HUVECs were cultured in previously polymerized Matrigel. NM inhibited HUVEC migration, MMP expression and invasion through Matrigel in a dose-dependent manner. Zymography showed a dose-dependent inhibition of @entity1476 expression with virtual total inhibition at a 500 microg/ml concentration. Invasion through Matrigel was totally inhibited at 500 microg/ml NM. NM reduced cell migration by scratch test in a dose-dependent fashion with total inhibition at a 500 microg/ml concentration. NM also inhibited the tube formation of HUVECs, but did not significantly inhibit cell proliferation. These results together with our earlier findings suggest that NM is a relatively non-toxic formulation with anti-angiogenic effects, such as inhibiting vascular tube formation and endothelial cell invasion and migration.

title: Anti-angiogenic effects of a nutrient mixture on XXXX umbilical vein endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl cysteine']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhaled, long-acting @entity2263 -adrenoceptor agonists (LABA) have well-established roles in @entity565 and/or @entity1030 treatment. Drug utilisation patterns for LABA have been described, but few studies have directly compared LABA use in different countries. We aimed to compare the prevalence of LABA-containing prescriptions in five European countries using a standardised methodology. METHODS: A common study protocol was applied to seven European healthcare record databases (Denmark, Germany, Spain, the Netherlands (2), and the UK (2)) to calculate crude and age- and sex-standardised annual period prevalence rates (PPRs) of LABA-containing prescriptions from 2002-2009. Annual PPRs were stratified by sex, age, and indication ( @entity565 , @entity1030 , @entity565 and @entity1030 ). RESULTS: From 2002-2009, age- and sex-standardised PPRs of @entity1 with LABA-containing medications increased in all databases (58.2%-185.1%). Highest PPRs were found in @entity1 >=  80 years old and @entity1 70-79 years old. Regarding the three indications, the highest age- and sex-standardised PPRs in all databases were found in @entity1 with " @entity565 and @entity1030 " but with large inter-country variation. In those with @entity565 or @entity1030 , lower PPRs and smaller inter-country variations were found. For all three indications, PPRs for LABA-containing prescriptions increased with age. CONCLUSIONS: Using a standardised protocol that allowed direct inter-country comparisons, we found highest rates of LABA-containing prescriptions in elderly @entity1 and distinct differences in the increased utilisation of LABA-containing prescriptions within the study period throughout the five European countries.

title: Time trends of period prevalence rates of XXXX with inhaled long-acting @entity2263 -agonists-containing prescriptions: a European comparative database study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of an ambulatory program for glycemic control of @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). MATERIAL AND METHOD: A total of 33 @entity1 with @entity6 whose @entity4434 from OGTT > or = 105 mg/dl were scheduled to attend weekly ambulatory care for dietary therapy with their family. @entity4434 and 2-hour postprandial blood @entity413 were monitored every visit for a few weeks. At the end of this program, those with poor glycemic control were admitted for further tight dietary control by conventional 3-day course after which insulin was finally started for the @entity1 whose glycemic control remained poor. RESULTS: After the ambulatory program, 14 of 33 cases (42.4%) achieved good glycemic control without hospitalization. Another 6 cases (18.2%) did not need insulin therapy after admission for 3-day intensive dietary therapy. Altogether, 20 out of 33 cases (60.6%) of @entity6 whose @entity4434 from OGTT > or = 105 mg/dl could avoid insulin therapy after attending the ambulatory program alone or with additional 3-day intensive dietary therapy course. Similar effectiveness was observed from the authors' previous study on 3-day intensive dietary therapy alone. CONCLUSION: The authors' current ambulatory dietary therapy program has shown to be effective in achieving good glycemic control and avoiding unnecessary insulin therapy and admission in most cases of @entity1 with @entity6 . In the future, an even more effective ambulatory diet control may ascertain that once a @entity1 is hospitalized, insulin should be started right away.

title: Result of ambulatory diet therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus', 'GDM']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus']


abstract: From 1950 to 1982, 287 @entity1 with @entity1086 were autopsied. The ratio of @entity1 to @entity1 was 1:3.7. The average age of @entity1 was 70 years; that of @entity1 was 69.5 years. Most @entity5 (67.7%) had grown by diffuse infiltration and one-third (32.3%) were polypous-exophytic. Fundus and collum of the gallbladder showed an equal frequency (24%) of @entity5 localisation. The percentage of all @entity1085 that were @entity420 of various differentiation was 84.6, and 10.9% were @entity189 , the rest consisted of @entity957 (3.7%) and 0.8% @entity242 . @entity3 were found in 265 cases (92.3%). Tumorous infiltration, lymph node @entity3 , and visceral @entity3 are discussed. A @entity2963 was found in 78.4%. The results are compared with the literature.

title: XXXX : autopsy findings in 287 cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder malignomas']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'Metastases']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma of the gallbladder']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study was designed to evaluate seven prescreening @entity170 models in postmenopausal Iranian @entity1 . This study was performed on 8644 postmenopausal @entity1 who have been referred for @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in @entity79 center of Shariati hospital in Tehran between 2001 and 2011. Diagnostic properties of seven prescreening instruments were evaluated. With regard to area under curve (AUC), these models have low accuracy (AUC   <=  0.65). Considering only femoral neck or total femur area, these models had low accuracy but were more sensitive. Except for three models with sensitivities of  <=65  % in both @entity170 and @entity174 threshold, other models were around 70  % sensitive. However, these models were not considered clinically useful regarding their positive predictive values ( @entity2286 ) especially in BMDs  <=02.5. With regard to different measures of diagnostic property, none of these models were good screening tools for @entity170 or @entity174 threshold. Although some of them are sensitive, considering other measures such as @entity2286 indicates that they are not completely useful for clinical use. Attempts should be made for developing newer prescreening methods and calibration of the existing models with regard to the studied population.

title: Clinical performance of seven prescreening tools for @entity170 in Iranian postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral densitometry', 'BMD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: AIM: To test whether nurses can use the WHO @entity221 ( @entity221 ) nutrition algorithm to identify reliably severe @entity7493 in @entity1 . METHODS: Nurses were trained to identify severe @entity7493 using @entity221 training materials. They identified visible severe @entity5653 and @entity4 , and categorised weight-for-age using a growth chart, in consecutive @entity1 attending outpatient clinics. Their findings were compared with weight for height Z (WHZ) score, @entity4 assessed by a trained observer, and weight-for-age Z score. RESULTS: A total of 352 @entity1 were recruited, of whom 34 (9.7%) were severely wasted (WHZ score <-3) and 18 (5.1%) had @entity4 . In the detection of severe @entity5653 , the nurses' assessments showed 56% sensitivity, 95% specificity, and 56% positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ), and for @entity4 22%, 99%, and 57% respectively. Overall, the nurses identified only half of 50 @entity1 with severe @entity5653 and/or @entity4 and wrongly identified a further 13 @entity1 as severely malnourished. Plotting weight for age by the nurses showed 62% sensitivity, 99% specificity, and 89% @entity2286 for the detection of @entity1 with very low weight. CONCLUSIONS: Severe @entity3147 was both under-diagnosed and wrongly diagnosed by nurses trained in the use of the @entity221 nutrition algorithm in a clinic setting in The Gambia. These guidelines for health workers and the training materials, particularly with respect to calculation of age, need further development to improve the detection of malnourished @entity1 .

title: Detection of severe XXXX by nurses in The Gambia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity7493 :: ('MESH:D011502', 'Disease') :: ['protein-energy malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['bipedal oedema']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['integrated management of childhood illness', 'IMCI']

answer: @entity7493 :: (MESH:D011502,Disease) :: ['protein-energy malnutrition']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity625 is a common entity and patellofemoral arthroplasties have been performed since the 1970s. However, follow-up studies are few, and the optimal indication for the operation has yet to be established. This study concentrates on the gains in @entity1 -reported quality of life parameters achieved by the operation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Of 26 @entity1 operated with 31 Richards Model Patella II patellofemoral arthroplasties, 17 @entity1 with 20 arthroplasties were available for clinical review using two subjective/objective scoring systems and one @entity1 administered self evaluation form median 7.7 years after the operation. RESULTS: The revision rate for the prosthesis was low (3%). A frequency of short-term complications of 15% and of later surgical procedures of 20% was observed. The American Knee Society Score showed 65% excellent or good, 20% fair and 35% poor results. The results of the @entity1 administered KOOS showed significant improvements for the subcategories ''symptoms'', '' @entity158 ", ''activities of daily living" and ''quality of life". The worst results were seen among @entity1 with pre-arthritic @entity158 . CONCLUSION: 7-8 years after patellofemoral arthroplasty survival of the prosthesis is good. The clinical result is unpredictable. Most @entity1 can expect a reduction in their level of @entity158 and a higher level of daily living activities. The level of sports and recreational activities did not increase, even among younger @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity158 before radiological signs of @entity625 are present in the joint cannot expect a measurable effect from the operation.

title: [Treatment of XXXX with patello-femoral arthroplasties].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Patellofemoral arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['patellofemoral pain syndrome', 'pain', 'patellofemoral pain']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['patellofemoral arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the nutritional habits among six Mediterranean countries and also with the various official recommendations and the 'Mediterranean diet' as originally described. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTINGS: Three centres in Greece, two in Italy and one in Algeria, Bulgaria, Egypt and Yugoslavia. SUBJECTS: Randomly selected non-diabetic subjects from the general population, of age 35-60, not on diet for at least 3 months before the study. INTERVENTIONS: A dietary questionnaire validated against the 3-Day Diet Diary was used. Demographic data were collected and anthropometrical measurements done. RESULTS: All results were age adjusted. Energy intake varied in @entity1 , from 1825 kcal/day in Italy-Rome to 3322 kcal/day in Bulgaria and in @entity1 , from 1561 kcal/day in Italy-Rome to 2550 kcal/day in Algeria. Protein contribution (%) to the energy intake varied little, ranging from 13.4% in Greece to 18.5% in Italy-Rome, while fat ranged from 25.3% in Egypt to 40.2% in Bulgaria and @entity3363 from 41.5% in Bulgaria to 58.6% in Egypt. Fibre intake, g/1000 kcal, ranged from 6.8 in Bulgaria to 13.3 in Egypt and the ratio of plant to animal fat from 1.2 in Bulgaria to 2.8 in Greece. The proportion of subjects following the WHO and the @entity6 and Nutrition Study Group (DNSG) of the EASD recommendations for @entity3363 , fat and protein ranged from 4.2% in Bulgaria to 75.7% in Egypt. Comparison with the Mediterranean diet, as defined in the seven Country Study, showed significant differences especially for fruit, 123-377 vs 464 g/day of the Mediterranean diet, meat, 72-193 vs 35 g/day, cheese, 15-79 vs 13 g/day, bread, 126-367 vs 380 g/day. CONCLUSIONS: (a) Dietary habits of the 'normal' population vary greatly among the Mediterranean countries studied. (b) Egypt is closest to the DNSG recommendations. (c) Significant differences from the originally described Mediterranean diet are documented in most Mediterranean countries, showing a Westernization of the dietary habits.

title: Nutritional habits in the Mediterranean Basin. The macronutrient composition of diet and its relation with the traditional Mediterranean diet. Multi-centre study of the Mediterranean Group for the Study of XXXX (MGSD).

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: Surgical treatment of @entity2415 and @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) has received renewed attention because of advances in instrumentation and techniques. Our approach includes video-assisted thoracotomy, @entity3278 -Yag and KTP laser plication of @entity4530 , pulmonary resection using reinforced stapling, and pleurodesis: reduction pneumonoplasty. In a 9-month period, 28 @entity1 (age 52 to 78, 23 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 ) with end-stage disease underwent reduction pneumonoplasty. @entity26 therapy was required in 82 per cent, @entity134 therapy was used in 86 per cent, and the preoperative FEV1 averaged 0.68 +/- 0.05. The most severely diseased lung was determined by physical, chest film, and CT scan, and this lung had reduction pneumonoplasty. There were no hospital mortalities. Prolonged postoperative air leaks occurred in 42 per cent of @entity1 . Postoperatively FEV1 was 0.91 +/- 0.35. Lung size (chest film) showed 21.6 per cent reduction in volume. Subjective improvement was noted in 78.6 per cent (22/28) of @entity1 , and no @entity1 reported worse symptoms. Half of the @entity134 -using @entity1 required a reduced @entity134 dose or no @entity134 therapy, and 5/23 (21.7%) @entity1 had reduced @entity26 requirements. Reduction pneumonoplasty can improve the symptoms of severe @entity2415 and @entity1030 . Our results with treatment of one lung suggest that further improvement may be anticipated by proceeding with surgery for the contralateral lung.

title: Video-thoracic surgery for treatment of end-stage bullous emphysema and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3278 :: ('MESH:D009354', 'Chemical') :: ['neodymium']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['emphysematous bullae']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: A cell line (LCC-18) from a @entity5 was established. The @entity5 cells retained their endocrine characteristics through more than 100 passages and showed positive immunocytochemistry for @entity5473 , @entity3549 ( @entity3549 ) and glucagon. The culture medium also contained @entity3549 and glucagon, which indicates that mechanisms for release of some of the active peptides were preserved. Transplantation of LCC-18 @entity5 cells into nude @entity35 resulted in @entity5 formation with similar endocrine characteristics. The @entity517 gene was amplified which might have been a prerequisite for establishment of the cell line. The chromosomes in LCC-18 were studied by G-banding and C-banding. The cell line had a distinctive mode in the hypotriploid region, at S = 61. The double minute (Dms) positive stemline karyotype showed numerical and structural aberrations more similar to findings in @entity694 than to observations in previously studied, pure @entity5 . The Dms may be correlated with amplification of @entity517 . LCC-18 may become valuable for studies of neuroendocrine differentiation, regulation of growth and production and release of hormones and for studies of drug effect.

title: Characterisation of a cell line (LCC-18) from a cultured human neuroendocrine-differentiated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3549 :: ('7432', 'Gene') :: ['VIP', 'vasoactive intestinal polypeptide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal neuroendocrine tumours', 'neuroendocrine colonic tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['ordinary colonic adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An analysis of literature shows that there is still little evidence concerning the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) combined with antipsychotic therapy in a group of treatment-resistant @entity161 @entity1 . More precisely, its influence on cognitive functions is still equivocal. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of ECT combined with antipsychotic therapy on working memory, attention, and executive functions in a group of treatment-refractory @entity161 @entity1 . Twenty-seven @entity1 completed the study: 14 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 , aged 21 to 55 years (mean age,   32.8 years), diagnosed with treatment-resistant @entity161 . Each @entity1 underwent a course of ECT sessions and was treated with antipsychotic medications. Before the ECT and within 3 days after the last ECT session, the @entity1 were assessed with the following neuropsychological tests: Trail Making Test (TMT) and Wisconsin Cart Sorting Test (WCST). There were no significant differences in the TMT and WCST results after combined ECT and antipsychotic therapy in treatment-refractory @entity161 @entity1 . According to the results of the neuropsychological tests, there was no decline in attention, executive functions, or working memory. The current study shows no significant difference in attention, working memory, or executive functions after treatment with a combination of electroconvulsive and antipsychotic therapy. This suggests that combined electroconvulsive therapy may not have a negative influence on the neuropsychological functioning of @entity1 with treatment resistant @entity161 .

title: Is There a Decline in Cognitive Functions After Combined Electroconvulsive Therapy and Antipsychotic Therapy in Treatment-Refractory XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: In cases with far-advanced @entity1907 , the most serious lesions according to the chest X-ray classification by the Japanese Society of @entity378 (b I 3), their prognosis is believed to be poor due to their emaciated general conditions, and a retrospective clinical study was made on these cases admitted to our hospital. The subjects consisted of 95 cases, and among them 87 were male and 8 were female, and their mean age was 49.5 +/- 13.0 years. Eighty four cases were detected by symptomatic visits to clinics, 10 cases during their treatment for other diseases, and 1 case was discovered accidentally. Sputum examination for acid fast bacilli was all smear positive. As to their social background, the majority were occupied by socially vulnerable groups; 31 cases (32.6%) were jobless on admission, 24 cases (25.3%) were day laborers, and 25 cases (26.3%) were receiving poor relief. Regarding their general condition on admission, 40 cases were very serious and they could not stand by themselves, and their nutritional conditions were poor, and 19 cases (20%) died during hospitalization. All of them were male, and they were found by symptomatic visit to clinics. The period from hospital admission to @entity204 was short, the average was 35.0 +/- 39.8 days, and the median was 11.0 days. Among 84 @entity1 detected by symptomatic visit, the @entity1 's delay was 5.5 +/- 5.0 months, while the doctor's delay was 0.3 +/- 0.9 months. Major cause of late detection at advanced stage of these cases was @entity1 's delay which caused poor prognosis of these cases, and various measures to shorten the delay in case-detection must be taken.

title: [A study on far-advanced XXXX cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Transcranial Doppler ultrasound can detect circulating @entity999 . Monitoring of @entity1 with potential embolic sources may allow identification of high-risk @entity1 who can then be selected for prophylactic treatment. However, practical @entity1 monitoring will require automated programs that can detect emboli and differentiate them from artifact. METHODS: A new off-line algorithm for the detection of emboli, which detects the characteristic relative power increase occurring with an embolus, was evaluated in both an animal model and in @entity1 . (1) In a @entity742 model, solid embolic materials ( @entity715 , platelet aggregates, and @entity1856 ) were introduced into the proximal carotid artery while the distal carotid artery or a major branch was insonated. The signals resulting from 77 emboli (mean size, 1.77 mm) were studied and compared with the Doppler signals resulting from artifact. (2) In @entity1 , 100 embolic signals occurring in three @entity1 were analyzed and compared with signals associated with artifact in the same @entity1 . RESULTS: (1) In the @entity742 model, emboli resulted in a short-duration, high-intensity signal, but intensity increase alone did not distinguish between emboli and artifact. In contrast, the algorithm discriminated embolus from artifact with a sensitivity of 98.7% and a specificity of 98.0%. (2) In @entity1 studies, embolic signals were differentiated from artifact with a sensitivity of 97.2% and a specificity of 97.0% by the algorithm. CONCLUSIONS: Using such an algorithm, detection of @entity999 and discrimination from artifact are possible with a high sensitivity and specificity. Incorporation of such an algorithm into an on-line system should make prolonged @entity1 monitoring practical.

title: Computerized detection of XXXX and discrimination from artifact using Doppler ultrasound.

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral emboli']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity999 :: (MESH:D020766,Disease) :: ['cerebral emboli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 suffering from hepatic @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are potential candidates for orthotopic liver transplantation. Because recurrence rates are high and outcome is variable, prognostic indicators are required. The aim of our study was to identify predictors of long-term survival with a focus on the impact of @entity5 biology. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 19 @entity1 who received an orthotopic liver graft for metastatic @entity5 at the Medizinische Hochschule Hannover. Expression of Ki67, @entity5962 , and @entity876 was studied immunohistochemically in @entity5 of the explanted livers. RESULTS: @entity1 were followed up to 146 months after liver transplantation. Six @entity1 died during follow-up. The resulting 1-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates are 89%, 80%, and 50%, respectively. All deaths during long-term follow-up were @entity5 -associated. Recurrence was diagnosed in 12 @entity1 between 2 weeks and 48 months after liver transplantation. Three @entity1 are without @entity5 recurrence more than 8 years after liver transplantation. Survival in the 5 @entity1 with low Ki67 and regular @entity5962 staining was significantly better than in the 12 @entity1 with high Ki67 or aberrant @entity5962 expression (7-year survival 100% vs. 0%, respectively, log rank P=0.007). @entity876 expression did not significantly improve prognostic accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that analysis of Ki67 and @entity5962 expression may improve the identification of @entity1 with a favorable prognosis after liver transplantation for metastatic @entity5 .

title: Ki67, @entity5962 , and XXXX as prognostic indicators of long-term outcome after liver transplantation for metastatic @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'NET', 'neuroendocrine tumors', 'metastases of neuroendocrine tumors']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: CONTEXT: Mortality from @entity301 has declined substantially in the United States during the past 30 years. However, it is unknown whether @entity1 with @entity6 have also experienced a decline in @entity299 mortality. OBJECTIVE: To compare adults with @entity6 with those without @entity6 for time trends in mortality from all causes, @entity299 , and @entity741 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Representative cohorts of subjects with and without @entity6 were derived from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) conducted between 1971 and 1975 (n = 9639) and the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Survey conducted between 1982 and 1984 (n = 8463). The cohorts were followed up prospectively for mortality for an average of 8 to 9 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Changes in mortality rates per 1000 @entity1 -years for all causes, @entity299 , and @entity741 for the 1982-1984 cohort compared with the 1971-1975 cohort. RESULTS: For the 2 periods, nondiabetic @entity1 experienced a 36.4% decline in age-adjusted @entity299 mortality compared with a 13.1% decline for @entity6 @entity1 . Age-adjusted @entity299 mortality declined 27% in nondiabetic @entity1 but increased 23% in @entity6 @entity1 . These patterns were also found for all-cause mortality and @entity741 mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The decline in @entity299 mortality in the general US population has been attributed to reduction in cardiovascular risk factors and improvement in treatment of @entity299 . The smaller declines in mortality for @entity6 subjects in the present study indicate that these changes may have been less effective for @entity1 with @entity6 , particularly @entity1 .

title: @entity6 and decline in XXXX mortality in US adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart disease']


abstract: The analgesic effect of @entity17850 + the spasmolytic component A29 (Ketogan) and @entity33483 was compared double-blindly in @entity1 with suspect @entity583 . The test drugs were administered i.v. in an initial dose of 0.5 ml (2.5 mg Ketogan, 5 mg @entity1286 ) followed, if necessary, by additional injections of 0.25 ml. Altogether, 309 @entity1 participated in the trial. The total consumption of the test drugs showed that 5 mg Ketogan was equipotent with 10 mg of @entity1286 . Treatment with Ketogan resulted in a significantly higher proportion of @entity1 who were completely free of @entity158 15 and 30 min after the initial injection: 16% and 15% more, respectively, compared to @entity1286 . Within 2 hours after the initial injection, approximately 15% of the @entity1 in both treatment groups had reported @entity390 and about 7% had vomited ( @entity1 who vomited or were nauseated before treatment were not included in this analysis). The frequency of other side-effects was low, with no differences between the two treatment groups. @entity1286 caused a greater reduction of the systolic blood pressure than Ketogan. The effect of both drugs on pulse rate and respiration was the same.

title: Analgesic treatment in @entity583 . A double-blind comparison of @entity17850 + the spasmolytic A29 (Ketogan) and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity33483 :: ('CHEBI:55340', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity17850 :: ('MESH:C012394', 'Chemical') :: ['ketobemidone hydrochloride']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: We report the case of a 63-year-old @entity1 with bilateral parotid gland @entity370 . Giant, elastic, hard, subcutaneous @entity5 had been present on the right parotic and submaxillary regions for 11 years and on the left for 1 year. The @entity1 had had @entity6 for 8 years. Noncaseating epithelioid cell granulomata were revealed histopathologically in the periductal area of the parotid gland. @entity3329 was noted on chest x-ray studies. Serum levels of lysozyme were increased. Levels of serum @entity1289 were within normal limits. Tuberculin skin reaction was positive. The @entity5 gradually improved after treatment with oral @entity1214 . Giant parotomegaly, as it occurred in this case, is very rare.

title: XXXX with giant parotomegaly.

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['Sarcoidosis']


abstract: Snoring usually is trivial and unimportant, but it can turn into a social or medical problem. @entity28 , @entity101 and @entity299 are more frequent among snorers than among nonsnorers, and especially snorers with @entity2147 during the day are at risk. @entity2147 in association with snoring usually signifies @entity27 . Increased resistance in the upper airways, together with negative inspiratory pharyngeal pressure and muscular @entity2421 during deep non-REM and REM sleep, lead to collapse of the pharynx, @entity519 and @entity2944 . Only after arousal from sleep does muscle tone return, pharyngeal obstruction reopen and airflow resume. Since this process can occur 300 or 400 times a night, repetitive @entity7633 leads to @entity120 and @entity3618 , and the repetitive sympathetic activations can cause systemic @entity101 or serious @entity943 . The countless arousals deprive the sufferer of deep non-REM and REM sleep and their consequence is @entity1949 . The symptoms are excessive @entity25 , @entity2026 and personality and behavioral changes. @entity4094 and diseases @entity387 , and @entity167 or CNS-depressant drugs can favour its occurrence. Diagnosis is made by nighttime oxymetry, and if this is abnormal, by polysomnography. After polysomnography it is possible to distinguish between obstructive and nonobstructive @entity387 , and the decisions for an adequate treatment can be made.

title: [Dangerous snoring. XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['Oronasomaxillofacial, endocrine and neuromuscular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity3618 :: ('MESH:D011660', 'Disease') :: ['cor pulmonale']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['predispose to sleep apnea', 'sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity7633 :: ('MESH:C536281', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar hypoventilation']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['Hypersomnia', 'hypersomnia']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary-arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual deterioration']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['Sleep-apnea syndrome']


abstract: We analyzed the prognostic factors for a successful mobilization and peripheral blood stem cell collection in a series of 57 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ); a new scoring system to predict an adequate mobilization in this subset of @entity1 was also constructed. A total of 221 aphereses were performed in 57 @entity1 with @entity1582 . The median time from diagnosis to mobilization was 12 months (range 4-120). Only one line of chemotherapy was administered before mobilization to 36 @entity1 and two or more to 21. The median number of alkylating chemotherapy cycles was 6 (2-33). Two @entity1 were mobilized in complete remission, 32 in partial response, and 23 in stable/progressive disease. Significant adverse prognostic factors for collecting 2.5 x 10(6) @entity2280 +cells/kg or more were: a period of at least 12 months from diagnosis, at least six cycles of alkylating agents, and a plasma cell infiltration of 20% or more prior to mobilization. @entity1 with three risk factors had a probability of only 0.38 (95% CI 0.3-0.9) for adequate mobilization. Ten @entity1 failed to mobilize; a period from diagnosis of 12 months or more and female sex were unfavorable factors. @entity1 with two risk factors had a probability of 0.50 (95% CI 0.2-0.8) for failing the mobilization procedure. These findings indicate that @entity1582 @entity1 must be mobilized early in the course of the disease, with minimal disease burden before severe hematopoietic progenitor cell injury due to cumulative therapy.

title: Predictive factors for a successful mobilization of peripheral blood XXXX + cells in @entity1582 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

answer: @entity2280 :: (947,Gene) :: ['CD34']