abstract: BACKGROUND: Approximately 20% of all geriatric @entity1 who sustain low-energy @entity173 will die within 1 year of the injury, and approximately 3% will die during the initial inpatient hospital stay. Accordingly, the event of a geriatric @entity173 might be an apt prompt for discussing end-of-life care: in light of the risk of @entity204 after this injury, the topic of mortality certainly is @entity9877 . However, it is not clear to what degree physicians and @entity1 engage in end-of-life planning even when faced with a hospital admission for this potentially life-threatening condition. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We assessed the frequency with which end-of-life care discussions were documented among a sample of geriatric @entity1 admitted for @entity173 surgery. METHODS: We studied 150 adult @entity1 , 70 years and older, admitted between September 2008 and July 2012 for the care of an isolated low-energy @entity173 , who did not have documented evidence of end-of-life care planning before the time of admission. For each @entity1 , the medical record was scrutinized to identify documentation of end-of-life care discussions, an order changing "code status," or a progress note memorializing a conversation related to the topic of end-of-life care planning. RESULTS: Of the 150 subjects who had no documented evidence of end-of-life care planning at the time of admission, 17 (11%) had their code status changed during the initial hospitalization for @entity173 , and an additional four @entity1 (3%) had a documented conversation regarding end-of-life care planning without a subsequent change in code status. Accordingly, there were 129 (86%) @entity1 who had no record of any attention to end-of-life care planning during the hospital stay for @entity173 surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that physicians may be missing a valuable opportunity to help @entity1 and their families be better prepared for potential future health issues. End-of-life care planning respects @entity1 autonomy and enhances the quality of care. Accordingly, we recommend that discussion of goals, expectations, and preferences should be initiated routinely when @entity1 present with a @entity174 of the hip. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic study.

title: End-of-life Care Planning and XXXX of the Hip: Are We Missing a Valuable Opportunity?

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fragility fracture']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity9877 :: ('CHEBI:30443', 'Chemical') :: ['germane']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Fragility Fractures']


abstract: High-fat meals promote transient increases in proatherogenic factors, implicating the postprandial state in @entity65 ( @entity65 ) progression. Although low-grade @entity32 is associated with @entity65 , little research has @entity32 . Because of its anti-inflammatory properties, premeal exercise may counteract postprandial @entity32 . The purpose of this study was to determine postprandial alterations in monocytes and circulating markers of endothelial stress and @entity32 following a high-fat meal in young adults with or without premeal cycle exercise. Each subject completed two trials and was randomized to rest or cycle at a moderate intensity prior to eating a high-fat meal. Flow cytometry was used to assess monocyte cell surface receptor expression and concentration of endothelial microparticles (EMP). Plasma cytokines were assessed using Luminex MagPix. Statistical analysis was completed using separate linear mixed models analyses with first-order autoregressive ( @entity1452 ) heterogeneous covariance structure. Significance was set at P   <= 0.05. Percentage increases in classic monocyte @entity1453 and @entity1454 were greater overall in the postprandial period in the meal-only condition compared with the meal  + exercise condition (P  < 0.05). EMP concentration was 47% greater 3 h after the meal compared with premeal values in the meal-only condition (P  < 0.05); no significant increase was observed in the meal  + exercise condition. Premeal cycling blunted postprandial increases in EMP and @entity1453 and @entity1454 . Acute, moderate-intensity exercise may help counteract possibly deleterious postprandial monocyte and endothelial cell activation.

title: Moderate-intensity, premeal cycling blunts postprandial increases in monocyte cell surface @entity1454 and XXXX and endothelial microparticles following a high-fat meal in young adults.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'assessed postprandial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1453 :: (3683,Gene) :: ['CD11a']


abstract: The aim of this study was to estimate @entity22598 symporter (NIS) and thyroid peroxidase ( @entity5787 ) expression in thyrocytes from @entity1 with @entity1120 and no-toxic multinodular goitre (NTMG) in relationship with apoptotic ( @entity22599 and @entity13433 ) markers. The investigation was performed on thyroid cells isolated from postoperation thyroid tissues from 15 @entity1 aged 12-21 years old with @entity1120 and 15 cases aged 13-21 years old with NTMG. Detection of NIS and @entity5787 was performed by immunohistochemistry. Analysis of apoptotic markers in thyroid tissues was performed using antibodies to @entity22599 and @entity13433 by Western Blot and immunohistochemistry. Identification of proapoptotic @entity22599 and @entity13433 molecules in the thyroid tissues revealed a higher expression of both proteins in @entity1 with @entity2743 (+++; +, respectively) in comparison to @entity1 with NTNG (+; 0). In addition, @entity22599 expression was detected in three bands [ @entity2451 , @entity22600 , @entity1435 (kDa)] and @entity13433 in two bands [ @entity9822 , @entity14848 (kDa)]. using Western Blot test in @entity1 with thyroid @entity792 . In @entity1 with NTNG expression of both apoptotic proteins was lower and identified in single bands: 42 (kDa) for @entity22599 and 17 (kDa) for @entity13433 . The analysis of expression of NIS and @entity5787 in thyroid follicular cells was higher in @entity1 with @entity2743 in compared to their detection in @entity1 with NTMG. In addition, degree of thyroid antigen expression positive correlated with amount of proapoptotic markers ( @entity22599 , p<0.001; @entity13433 , p<0.025 for NIS; @entity22599 , p<0.012 for @entity5787 ). We conclude that elevated expression of NIS and @entity5787 in @entity2743 is associated with higher stimulation and activation of apoptosis in thyroid follicular cells during autoimmune process.

title: Identification of chosen apoptotic ( @entity22599 and XXXX ) markers expression in thyroid tissues from adolescents with immune and non-immune thyroid diseases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity22598 :: ('MESH:D012974', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium iodide']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity13433 :: (7072,Gene) :: ['TIA-1']


abstract: @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) is known to be involved in cellular proliferation and differentiation. In this work, we have investigated the effects of a novel @entity7131 inhibitor, @entity11009 , on normal @entity1 fibroblast and keratinocyte growth. @entity11009 selectively inhibited @entity7131 activity extracted from either fibroblasts (IC50 = 0.01 microM) or keratinocytes (IC50 = 0.4 microM). The inhibitory effects of @entity11009 on total @entity7131 activity and @entity141 -independent @entity7131 activity were similar. Nevertheless, in keratinocytes @entity141 -independent @entity7131 activity represented 95% of total @entity7131 activity, whereas in fibroblasts it corresponded to only 32% of total @entity7131 activity. @entity11009 also inhibited a cellular function related to @entity7131 activity in living fibroblasts and keratinocytes; it blocked the inhibitory effect of @entity864 on 125I-epidermal growth factor binding. @entity11009 inhibited fibroblast growth, in terms of @entity665 incorporation and cell counts, in a dose-dependent manner. We also observed that @entity11009 at 1 microM inhibited serum stimulation of expression of mRNA for @entity1639 and @entity1178 , which are usually involved in cellular proliferation. These results suggest that @entity7131 stimulates fibroblast growth. In contrast, @entity11009 stimulated keratinocyte growth. We also observed that @entity11009 inhibited @entity1639 and @entity1178 mRNA expression in these cells. In fact, in keratinocytes these proto-oncogenes would be involved in the cellular differentiation process rather than in cellular proliferation. This suggests that the inhibition of @entity7131 favors keratinocyte proliferation probably by inhibiting their differentiation. Thus, using @entity11009 , we show that @entity7131 is involved differently in @entity1 fibroblast and keratinocyte growth.

title: Differential modulation of @entity1 fibroblast and keratinocyte growth by the protein kinase C inhibitor XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['PKC', 'Protein kinase C']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['tritiated thymidine']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity11009 :: (MESH:C070515,Chemical) :: ['GF 109203X']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the appropriate management of cervical @entity1600 in @entity1 with @entity957 (SCC). METHODS: The medical records of 49 @entity1 that were surgically treated for @entity957 were evaluated. Preoperative and postoperative stages, clinical factors affecting the nodal @entity3 , and its relationship with survival were examined. RESULTS: Among 49 ipsilateral neck dissection (ND) specimens, 34 neck specimens (69%) were pN+. Out of 17 cases that underwent ipsilateral elective NDs, 4 cases (24%) were found to have pN+ necks. The disease-specific survival of the 34 @entity1 with pN+ necks and 4 @entity1 with occult @entity3 was worse than that of the remaining @entity1 with pN0 necks and without occult @entity3 , respectively (p=0.049 and p=0.023, respectively). All cases (100%) that underwent contralateral therapeutic NDs had pN+ findings. Two out of the 21 cases (less than 10%) that underwent contralateral elective NDs turned out to have pN+ necks and did not show any difference in survival compared to the 19 cases with pN0 necks. The degree of differentiation was associated with contralateral nodal @entity3 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity957 require thorough ipsilateral neck treatment because of the high probability of nodal @entity3 and the close association between @entity1600 and survival. The contralateral cN+ neck should also be treated; however, the contralateral cN0 neck might be preserved with caution on the cases with poorly differentiated @entity5 and/or ipsilateral cN+ necks.

title: Management of cervical XXXX in @entity957 : Is it necessary to treat node-negative contralateral neck?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma', 'tonsillar SCC']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['lymph node metastasis']


abstract: CONTEXT: Among @entity1 with @entity583 , combination reperfusion therapy with a platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor (abciximab) and a half dose of a plasminogen activator (reteplase) did not significantly reduce mortality at 30 days compared with a full dose of reteplase. Rates of nonfatal @entity63 complications were significantly diminished. OBJECTIVE: To determine if the beneficial effects of abciximab and reteplase (combination therapy) on early nonfatal complications would translate into a reduction in the risk of @entity204 by 1 year. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : One-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial (Global Use of Strategies To Open Coronary Arteries [GUSTO] V). Of 16 588 @entity1 who had been treated in 820 community and referral hospitals in 20 countries between July 1999 and February 2001, mortality data were available for 16 453 (99.2%). INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive (intravenously) a standard dose of reteplase (two 10-U boluses, 30 minutes apart) or the combination of a standard dose of abciximab (0.25 mg/kg bolus, 0.125 microg/kg per minute infusion [maximum 10 micro g/min for 12 hours]) and a half dose of reteplase (two 5-U boluses, 30 minutes apart). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: One-year all-cause mortality rates. RESULTS: All-cause mortality at 1 year occurred in 692 (8.38%) of 8260 @entity1 in the reteplase group and 698 (8.38%) of the 8328 @entity1 in the combination therapy group (hazard ratio [HR], 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90-1.11; P>.99). Reinfarction within the first 7 days occurred in 3.5% of @entity1 in the reteplase group and 2.3% of @entity1 in the combination therapy group, and was significantly associated with 1-year mortality (22.6% in @entity1 with reinfarction vs 8.0% in @entity1 without reinfarction; HR, 3.08; 95% CI, 2.53-3.75; P<.001). However, treatment assignment did not significantly influence time of mortality regardless of reinfarction status. CONCLUSION: Combination therapy (abciximab and reteplase) did not reduce mortality over 1 year compared with fibrinolytic therapy with reteplase alone.

title: Mortality at 1 year with combination platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition and reduced-dose fibrinolytic therapy vs conventional fibrinolytic therapy for XXXX : GUSTO V randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 184 Background: Atypical @entity455 (AVLs) are known to occur in the setting of radiation therapy after breast conserving surgery for treatment of @entity0 . Their relationship with potential @entity5426 has yet not been fully characterized. AVLs typically present as single or multiple pink papules in the skin of the breast. Histologic examination reveals proliferation of dilated vascular channels in the dermis with IHC reactive for @entity2279 , @entity2280 and D2-40. Management consists of local excision to rule out @entity5426 . METHODS: The pathology records of the NYU Langone Medical Center were queried for @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity455 . RESULTS: A total of 3 @entity1 with previous history of @entity0 treated with breast conserving therapy (BCT) and radiation therapy were included in this case series. Two @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity3821 and one was diagnosed with @entity513 . The median time between the @entity5 diagnosis and the development of AVL was 5 years (3-9 years). Presentation was an erythematous skin nodule in two @entity1 and progressive telangectasia in one. Diagnosis was made initially by punch biopsy and it was followed by excisional biopsy in all three cases. Only one @entity1 had residual atypical @entity455 in the excisional biopsy especimen. CONCLUSIONS: AVL is a pathological entity with growing importance over the years due to its questionable progression to @entity5426 . The improvement in survival of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 as well as the widespread use of lumpectomy with breast irradiation for the treatment of the disease have caused an exponential increase in the number of @entity1 seen in daily practice after BCT. Clinicians must implement high surveillance of these @entity1 and have a low threshold for further work up of skin changes in the radiated breast in order to early diagnose these lesions since it is yet unknown which ones will progress to @entity5426 . There are ongoing studies in the development of immunophenotypical markers such as MYC that will be a useful diagnostic tool to differentiate AVL from its malignant counterpart.

title: @entity455 after radiation therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['atypical vascular lesions', 'vascular lesion', 'vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma', 'secondary angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current study was performed to identify clinical features and independent predictors of survival in @entity1 with bone @entity3 from @entity157 ( @entity157 ). METHODS: @entity1 (n = 205) with bone @entity3 from @entity157 received external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) between 1997 and 2007. Demographic variables, laboratory values, @entity5 characteristics, and treatment modalities were determined before EBRT. The total radiation dose ranged from 32 to 66 grays (Gy) (median, 50 Gy) and was focused on the involved bone. RESULTS: In 80 of 205 (39.0%) @entity1 with bone metastasis from @entity157 , @entity5 were characterized by osteolytic, expansile soft-tissue masses. Overall @entity158 relief from EBRT occurred in 204 @entity1 (99.5%). No consistent dose-response relation was found for palliation of bone @entity3 with doses between 32 and 66 Gy (P = .068), but the retreatment rate was higher in @entity1 with expansile soft tissue. On univariate analysis, shorter survival was associated with poorer @entity159 ( @entity159 ), higher gamma-glutamyltransferase and @entity160 levels, @entity5 size >5 cm, uncontrolled @entity5 , multifocal @entity79 , involvement of spinal vertebrae, extraosseous @entity3 , and a shorter disease-free interval after an initial diagnosis of @entity157 . On multivariate analysis, pretreatment-unfavorable predictors were associated with lower @entity159 , higher @entity5 markers, and uncontrolled @entity5 when @entity159 was considered. The median survival was 7.4 months. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the current study provide detailed information regarding clinical features, survival outcomes, and prognostic factors for @entity157 with bone @entity3 in a relatively large cohort of @entity1 treated with EBRT. These prognostic factors will help in determining which dose and fraction are appropriate.

title: Clinical features and prognostic factors in @entity1 with bone XXXX from @entity157 receiving external beam radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intrahepatic tumors', 'intrahepatic tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['Karnofsky performance status', 'KPS']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Benefits of transvenous @entity737 ( @entity737 ) in prevention of @entity1164 among the general population are proven. However, the benefit of @entity737 remains unclear in CKD. A propensity-matched analysis was conducted to examine the survival benefits of @entity737 placed for primary prevention in those with CKD not on dialysis ( @entity470 <60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)). DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: The Cleveland Clinic CKD registry was utilized to identify individuals who had an echocardiogram at the institution (between 2001 and October 2011). A propensity score of the likelihood of receiving an @entity1479 was developed with the following variables: demographics, comorbid conditions, use of cardioprotective medications, @entity470 , left ventricular ejection fraction, and @entity943 . One-to-one greedy matching was used with 0.1 caliper width to match @entity1 with and without an @entity1479 . A Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine survival of matched @entity1 with and without an @entity1479 . RESULTS: This study included 1053 @entity1479 @entity1 and 9435 potential controls. Of 1053 @entity1479 @entity1 (60%), 631 were matched to the control group. During a median follow-up of 2.9 years (25th and 75th percentiles, 1.5, 4.7), 578 @entity1 died. After adjusting for covariates, the hazard of mortality among propensity-matched @entity1 was 0.69 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.59 to 0.82) for the @entity1479 group compared with the non- @entity1479 group. A significant interaction was found between @entity737 and @entity470 (P=0.04). Presence of an @entity1479 was associated with a lower risk of @entity204 among those with eGFRs of 45-59 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.58; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.77) and 30-44 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.85), but not among those with eGFRs<30 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.71 to 1.35). CONCLUSIONS: Transvenous @entity737 placed for primary prevention are associated with a survival benefit in those with stage 3 CKD, but not in those with stage 4 CKD.

title: Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in XXXX with CKD: A Propensity-Matched Mortality Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['implantable cardioverter-defibrillators', 'ICDs']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: CONTEXT: For kidney transplant @entity1 , a lifelong intake of medication is mandatory. Health care workers' prioritization of adverse effects often differs from that of their @entity1 , although @entity1 ' experience of adverse effects of medication can trigger nonadherence. Understanding how @entity1 experience symptoms is therefore important. OBJECTIVE: To present a new method to be used in research to evaluate symptom experience related to adverse effects in adult kidney transplant recipients on maintenance immunosuppressive therapy. DESIGN: Cross-sectional secondary data analysis. @entity1 AND SETTING: Three hundred fifty-six adult kidney transplant recipients from 2 Swiss transplant outpatient clinics. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Symptom experience was measured with the Modified Transplant Symptom Occurrence and Symptom @entity147 Scale. For each item, ridit scores were calculated. A coordinate system with occurrence and distress ratings of each symptom classified symptoms into 4 quadrants: symptoms could have high occurrence/high distress, low occurrence/high distress, high occurrence/low distress, and low occurrence/low distress symptoms. Items farther from the origin represented more extreme profiles. RESULTS: The proposed method arranges symptoms clearly in sequence of their importance. In our study, @entity615 were the most frequent and distressing symptoms. Symptom profiles for @entity1 and @entity1 differed: for @entity1 @entity323 and @entity148 were key whereas for @entity1 listlessness and changed appearance seemed to play important roles. CONCLUSIONS: The 2-dimensional diagram of symptom profiles enables researchers and clinicians to evaluate the impact of symptoms associated with immunosuppressive medications.

title: XXXX associated with adverse effects of immunosuppressive medication in kidney transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['Distress']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue and joint and back pain']

answer: @entity147 :: (MESH:D005316,Disease) :: ['Distress']


abstract: The treatment of @entity189 of the soft palate most often involves radiotherapy. In order to assess the value of irradiation, notably in the treatment of limited T1 or T2 @entity5 , a retrospective study was carried out of 76 case records suitable for analysis of @entity1 treated in our hospital for this @entity5 between 1974 and 1987. There were 70 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 . The mean age was 54 years. Fifty-four @entity1 had limited T1 or T2 @entity5 (including 40 without @entity3329 ). Treatment methods varied but 48/76 were treated by radiotherapy only (transcutaneous irradiation and/or local interstitial implant). @entity5 control was obtained in 87% of @entity1 with T1 @entity5 , in 77% with T2 and in 50% with T3 @entity5 . Lymph node control was obtained in 68% of @entity1 . None of the @entity1 initially classified NO showed any subsequent lymph node involvement. The actuarial five-year survival rate was 67% for T1, 38% for T2 and 22% for T3. Lymph node involvement was the only other prognostic factor. Fourteen @entity1 developed distant @entity3 and 13% had at least one other @entity5 site. Radiotherapy as @entity5 treatment is thus felt to be the method most widely used apart from @entity5 strictly limited to the uvula, where surgery is preferred. Cervical lymph nodes are treated surgically when there is a palpable @entity3329 and by radiotherapy for N0 @entity1 . Induction chemotherapy before radiotherapy is used in addition at stages T3 and T4.

title: [ XXXX and uvula. An analysis of the results and the reasons for failures. A study of 76 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'type of tumour', 'Local tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma of the soft palate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity263 are treated with @entity3907 drugs, but eventually become drug resistant. We aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying @entity1311 resistance of @entity263 with a special focus on the roles of @entity7762 and @entity4093 . METHODS: @entity1311 -resistant cells (PC3PR) were generated from hormone-refractory PC3 cells. The expression levels of mRNA and miRNA were determined by reverse transcriptase PCR and those of protein were by Western blot analysis. Transfection of miRNA precursor or siRNA was performed using the liposome-mediated method. RESULTS: @entity7762 over-expression and @entity4093 knockdown attenuated @entity1311 resistance of PC3PR cells. @entity7762 expression was reduced in PC3PR cells compared with PC3 cells, while the expression levels of @entity11049 and @entity588 as well as @entity4093 were elevated in PC3PR cells. Luciferase reporter assays revealed that both @entity4093 3'-UTR and promoter activities were higher in PC3PR cells than in PC3 cells. Introduction of @entity7762 precursor into PC3PR cells resulted in decreases in @entity11049 , @entity588 , and @entity4093 expression and inhibition of the @entity4093 3'-UTR activity. @entity11049 knockdown reduced @entity4093 and @entity588 expression. These results suggest that @entity7762 not only directly but also indirectly via regulating @entity11049 expression acts on the 3'-UTR of @entity4093 and @entity588 mRNAs, thereby controlling their expression. Thus, in PC3PR cells, reduced expression of @entity7762 confers @entity1311 resistance via up-regulating @entity4093 and @entity588 expression. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7762 and its downstream targets @entity4093 and @entity588 play important roles in the development of @entity1311 resistance, all of which can be useful biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets for the drug resistance in @entity263 .

title: @entity7762 attenuates XXXX -resistance of @entity263 PC3 cells through direct and indirect mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['hormone-refractory prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Aberrant expression of immunoglobulin (Ig) by @entity5 cells has been documented in a number of @entity5 but its biological significance is unclear. @entity5 cells overexpress anti-apoptotic molecules such as @entity1836 . The present study aimed to examine the role of expression of Ig light-chain @entity1016 and Iglambda in maintaining the high levels of @entity1836 in @entity14 cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with @entity14 were recruited to this study. Expression of @entity1016 , Iglambda and @entity1836 in surgically removed @entity5 tissue was examined by immunohistochemistry and/or flow cytometry. Using the HT29 cell line as a study platform, RNA interference (RNAi) was employed to knock out the genes of @entity1016 and Iglambda in the @entity5 cell line; the expression of @entity1836 in HT29 cells was subsequently analyzed. RESULTS: @entity1 @entity14 cells, but not normal colorectal tissue, expressed both @entity1016 and Iglambda in the cytoplasm. High levels of @entity1836 were detected in @entity5 cells. Using RNAi to knock out the genes of @entity1016 and/or Iglambda, @entity1836 expression in HT29 cells was significantly suppressed and the cells became apoptotic. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that expression of @entity1016 and Iglambda is required to stabilize @entity1836 expression in @entity5 cells.

title: Immunoglobulin kappa and immunoglobulin lambda are required for expression of the anti-apoptotic molecule XXXX in @entity1 @entity14 tissue.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1836 :: (598,Gene) :: ['Bcl-xL']


abstract: Autopsy data of 58 cases (1958-1986) was analysed for @entity299 . The cases were divided into 2 groups; paediatric (23) and adult (35). The heart was normal in 8.7% and 20.5% of the above groups respectively. Rest of the cases showed @entity4346 with variable dilatation. Obstructive lesion in the aorta and or renal arteries was present in 91.3% of paediatric and 80.0% of adult cases. @entity712 was very common in paediatric group (60.8%) and was not seen in absence of obstructive lesion in the aorta or renal arteries. Histologically the aortic lesion was healed in 70% and 50% of paediatric and adult cases. The commonest additional lesion found, was coronary artery involvement in 11 cases (17%). @entity850 was noted in 7 cases, including 2 in paediatric age group. Epicardial coronaries were involved in 4 cases with @entity1188 in 4. @entity337 was rare (3.4%). Associated @entity4794 was seen in 2 and healed @entity884 in one. Histologically apart from the above mentioned lesions the myocardium showed essentially a response to @entity101 . @entity2617 was seen in 2 @entity1 and @entity2401 in 3 adults. No case of any other type of myocarditics or @entity296 was seen. In conclusion @entity101 and @entity453 are the main factors responsible for @entity712 but additional related or unrelated factors were present in 15.0% cases.

title: XXXX in non-specific aorto-arteritis. An autopsy study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Congestive cardiac failure', 'myocardial failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['Focal lymphocytic infiltration']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic incompetence']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac lesions']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Ostial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Cardiac lesions']


abstract: We present here seven cases of @entity12321 ( @entity12321 ) showing effusion at the initial clinical presentation. This series includes a high proportion of middle-aged and elderly females (5/7). Various autoantibodies were detected in six cases. @entity417 (Hb < 10 g/dl) was detected in four cases, @entity491 (WBC > 10   10(9)/l) in three and thrombycytopenia (<100   10(9)/l) in five. Positivity for @entity1851 or elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate was recorded in all seven cases. Elevated serum IgG level (>2000 mg/dl) was recorded in only three cases. Elevated serum @entity650 level was recorded in all four cases examined. At the onset of disease, four cases were associated with @entity3039 . During the course of disease, one case each was diagnosed as @entity785 + @entity244 ( @entity244 ) and @entity244 . Histologically, five lesions exhibited a mixed type of @entity12692 , and one case each exhibited a hyaline-vascular type and plasma cell type. The non-neoplastic nature of the B-lymphocytes was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction. There were no @entity1 herpes type-8 virus-positive cells in any of the seven lesions. Good responsiveness to glucocorticoid therapy has been seen in all six cases treated. From a therapeutic perspective, it is important to discriminate this subtype of @entity12321 .

title: XXXX representing effusion at initial clinical presentation: clinicopathological study of seven cases.

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity12692 :: ('MESH:D005871', 'Disease') :: ["Castleman's disease"]

entities_list: @entity12321 :: ('MESH:C537372', 'Disease') :: ['MCD', "idiopathic multicentric Castleman's disease"]

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ['SJS', "Sj  gren's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic thrombocytic purpura']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity12321 :: (MESH:C537372,Disease) :: ['Multicentric Castleman's disease']


abstract: Objectives: To document the reliability, construct and nomological validity of the perceived Social Stigmatisation (STIG) scale in the older adult population. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Primary medical health services clinics. @entity1 : Probabilistic sample of older adults aged 65  years and over waiting for medical services in the general medical sector (n = 1765). Measurements: Perceived social stigma against @entity1 with a mental health problem was measured using the STIG scale composed of seven indicators. Results: A second-order measurement model of perceived social stigma fitted adequately the observed data. The reliability of the STIG scale was 0.83. According to our results, 39.6% of older adults had a significant level of perceived social stigma against @entity1 with a mental health problem. Results showed that the perception of social stigma against mental health problems was not significantly associated with a respondent gender and age. Results also showed that the perception of social stigma against the mental health problems was directly associated with the respondents' need for improved mental health (b = -0.10) and indirectly associated with their use of primary medical health services for @entity1109 (b = -0.07). Conclusion: Results lead us to conclude that social stigma against @entity146 perceived by older adults may limit help-seeking behaviours and warrants greater public health and public policy attention. Also, results lead us to conclude that physicians should pay greater attention to their @entity1 ' attitudes against @entity146 in order to identify possible hidden mental health problems.

title: Association between perceived social stigma against XXXX and use of health services for @entity1109 in the older adult population: validity of the STIG scale.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress symptoms']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['mental disorders']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3573 is a common sequela of @entity3384 . Its surgical treatment consists in a maxillary advancement by distraction or by conventional orthognathic surgery but morphological results are unpredictable. Our goal in this study was to see if the esthetical results (on the lip and the nose) of maxillary advancement were correlated to the preservation of lateral incisor space of the cleft side. @entity1 AND METHOD: This retrospective study included 38  @entity1 operated between 2002 and 2013. Unilateral clefts were studied independently from bilateral clefts. Profile aesthetics was evaluated independently and subjectively by two surgeons and scored on an 8-point scale. The result was classified as "good" if the score was superior or equal to 6. The score was correlated to the following parameters: amount of maxillary advancement, upper @entity2270 , preservation of the missing lateral incisor space. RESULTS: In the "good result" group, the space of the lateral incisor was less often preserved. The nasolabial angle was more open and the upper central @entity2270 more vertical. These results were more pronounced in bilateral clefts, but also found in unilateral clefts. DISCUSSION: Under reservation of the subjective evaluation and of the small number of @entity1 , it seemed that lateral incisor space closure improved the profile of @entity1 treated by maxillary advancement for @entity3384 sequelae.

title: [Maxillary advancement osteotomy with XXXX : Dilemma between occlusion and aesthetic profile].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3573 :: ('MESH:D008439', 'Disease') :: ['Maxillary hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['incisor axis']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['cleft lip and palate']

answer: @entity3384 :: (MESH:D002971,Disease) :: ['sequelae cleft lip and palate']


abstract: @entity3253 is the spontaneous transmural rupture of the esophagus. @entity1 can have a variety of manifestations. @entity3253 has to be considered in acutely ill @entity1 with no other explanations for their illness. Computed tomography scan of the chest is emerging as a useful tool for the evaluation of these @entity1 . Surgical repair is the standard of care. Adequate drainage of the pleural fluid is necessary to prevent @entity358 . Esophageal perforation should be considered whenever thoracostomy tube drainage assumes an enteric character. When inserting the chest tube for draining pleural fluid, the trochar should not be used because of potential injury to the already perforated esophagus. Posterior placement of the chest tube should be avoided because the tube may migrate into the perforated esophagus. Because of the high incidence of mortality, prompt suspicion, diagnosis, and management are warranted. A careful history, detailed review of the imaging, and a high index of suspicion are key for prompt diagnosis.

title: Migration of the chest tube into the esophagus in a case of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity3253 :: ('MESH:C536571', 'Disease') :: ["Boerhaave's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

answer: @entity3253 :: (MESH:C536571,Disease) :: ['Boerhaave's syndrome']


abstract: Earlier, a number of DNA fragments were identified in the complex form of @entity10947 . One of them, DARC146, can support autonomous replication in @entity1 cells. We have subcloned 146 bp from DARC146 (here called DARC146). This fragment has an ability to replicate autonomously in @entity1 cells. This ability permits one to speak about DARC146 as a putative replication origin. From this conclusion, we suggest that all signals for initiation of DNA synthesis are located on the @entity377 sequence under study. Here, we have shown that the nuclear extract contains four polypeptides binding specifically to synthetic oligonucleotides covering the AT-rich region of the DARC146 sequence. The first protein is @entity20170 , a nuclear transcription-replication factor. The second protein (named @entity9135 ) binds to the TCTCTTA site of the DARC146 @entity377 sequence. There are two sites for @entity20170 protein and two sites for @entity9135 in the DARC146 fragment. Octamer motifs and sites for @entity9135 are located tandemly side by side. Moreover, we identified 28kDa polypeptide from nuclear matrix which bound to DARC146. Based upon the data presented, we suggest a hypothetical model of the pre-initiation state of the DARC146 sequence.

title: [DNA fragment DARC146 from a complex form of XXXX contains several nuclear protein binding segments].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity10947 :: ('5422', 'Gene') :: ['DNA polymerase alpha']

answer: @entity10947 :: (5422,Gene) :: ['DNA polymerase alpha']


abstract: This study is to explore the genetic model of @entity6 (type 2 @entity3918 ) among the hereditary family. One hundred and thirty-six pedigrees of familial type 2 @entity3918 were studied. The heritability of type 2 @entity3918 was estimated according to Falconer's method and the multi-factorial inheritance analyzed according to Penrose's method. Complex segregation analysis was performed using S.A.G.E-REGD. The heritability of familial type 2 @entity3918 was 94 07%-/+5.84%. Dominant major gene might influence the genesis of type 2 @entity3918 . Analysis of multi-factorial inheritance indicated that there be two genetic patterns respectively in male and female populations. By complex segregation analysis,environment,non-transmitted and co-dominant inheritance were rejected. Autosomal dominant (AD) inheritance and autosomal recessive (AR) inheritance was accepted but AR inheritance was the best pattern. This study suggested that type 2 @entity3918 had significant heritability and genetic heterogeneity,which appeared to be a disease of multi-factorial inheritance generally and autosomal dominant (AD) inheritance in part of pedigrees.

title: [Studies on genetic model in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['familial type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To validate the World Health Organization/Global Programme on @entity791 (GPA) protocol for measuring @entity645 /sexually transmitted disease prevention indicators pertaining to knowledge and sexual practices of the general population. METHODS: Data were collected in Uganda during 1993. Three different interview strategies were complemented with qualitative methods, including observations at visits and key-informant interviews. Two interview strategies consisted of structured questionnaires which were applied to 460 randomly selected @entity1 aged 15-49 years and 60 intentionally selected @entity1 who were known prostitutes. The third strategy involved in-depth interviewing and was applied to a random subset of all respondents (n = 75). RESULTS: The three interview strategies generated similar results for demographic characteristics. The strategies using structured questionnaires gave similar results with regards to the number of reported sex partners and the prevalence of condom use, but differed from in-depth interviews on these aspects. The high numbers of casual sex partners of female prostitutes was confirmed by in-depth interviews but not via the questionnaires. CONCLUSION: The GPA questionnaire may not be optimal to capture @entity1 at high risk and to assess @entity458 , especially of @entity1 at high risk. Nevertheless, the questionnaire provides the most realistic option, since in-depth interviews are expensive and not as objective in assessing trends over time. Evaluation studies of @entity645 interventions in the general population should therefore be complemented with small qualitative studies to detect and @entity68 out biases in interpreting results.

title: Validating population surveys for the measurement of XXXX /STD prevention indicators.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behaviour']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: Sixty @entity1 operated for ilio-femoral @entity49 with @entity7838 ( @entity7838 ) were evaluated. Fifty-one @entity715 occurred in @entity1 and 48 were left-sided. A triggering mechanism was found in most @entity1 . Fifty per cent of the @entity1 were pregnant or in the immediate postpartum period, one third of all @entity1 had a recent operation or @entity130 and in one third a @entity74 could be traced. Blood coagulation studies postoperatively revealed @entity3459 or fibrinolytic systems in 34 of 47 investigated @entity1 . At operation it was possible to open the iliac vein in 50 @entity1 and 42 received a functioning @entity7838 . The @entity7838 was closed after 3 months. Forty-six @entity1 have been followed from 6 months to 5 years with one or several of the following investigations: venous plethysmography, radionuclide venography or routine venography. At follow-up the iliac vein was judged to be patent in 29 @entity1 , in 17 it was occluded and in 8 @entity1 it was probably occluded. All @entity1 over 50 years of age were among those with occluded veins as were 6 of 9 @entity1 . The best results were achieved in @entity1 operated during pregnancy or in the puerperium. @entity1211 with temporary @entity7838 is effective treatment for ilio-femoral @entity49 , particularly in younger females with an obvious precipitating cause e.g. pregnancy or delivery.

title: XXXX for ilio-femoral @entity49 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['disorders in the coagulation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disorder']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thrombectomy']

entities_list: @entity7838 :: ('MESH:D001159', 'Disease') :: ['AVF', 'thrombectomy and temporary arterio-venous fistula']

answer: @entity7838 :: (MESH:D001159,Disease) :: ['Thrombectomy and temporary arterio-venous fistula']


abstract: The SECCA (Curon Medical, Freemont, CA USA) device delivers temperature-controlled radiofrequency (RF) energy to the anorectal junction to treat @entity1241 . The procedure is performed as an outpatient either in the endoscopy suite or ambulatory surgery center. After appropriate local block, the SECCA device is then inserted into the anal canal and submucosal RF energy is delivered circumferentially to the anorectal junction. A pilot trial in Mexico on 10 @entity1 demonstrated a significant improvement in Cleveland Clinic Florida Fecal Incontinence Scores (CCF-FIS) from a pre-treatment score of 13.5 to 12-month post-treatment score of 3.8. These @entity1 continued to have significantly improved continence with an average CCF-FIS of 7.3 at 24-month follow up. A multi-center, institutional review board-approved, open label, prospective trial that evaluates the efficacy and safety of the SECCA procedure has been completed in the United States (U.S.). Five centers prospectively enrolled 50 @entity1 with greater than or equal to 3 months of weekly @entity1241 who also had failed either medical or surgical interventions. @entity1 underwent anoscopy, anorectal manometry (ARM), endoanal ultrasound (EAUS), and pudendal nerve terminal motor latency (PNTML) at 0 and 6 months. The CCF-FIS scale, @entity1241 -related quality of life score (FIQL), and SF-36 were administered at 0, 3, and 6 months. After conscious sedation and local perianal block, RF energy was delivered by way of the SECCA device. At 6 months, the mean CCF-FI score improved significantly (14.5 to 11.1, p<0.0001). All FIQL parameters improved: lifestyle (2.5 to 3.1, p=0.0001), coping (1.9 to 2.3, p=0.005), @entity308 (2.8 to 3.1, p=0.0008), embarrassment (1.9 to 2.5, p<0.0001). Sixty-percent (n=30) of the @entity1 improved after therapy, with 70% resolution of their symptoms. The SF-36 mental composite score (45.3 to 48.3, p=0.06) and social function sub-score (64.0 to 77.3, p=0.003) improved. No changes occurred in ARM, EAUS, or PNTML. Two major complications included two mucosal @entity1066 . From these data, the authors concluded that RF energy delivered for treatment of FI safely improves CCF-FIS, FIQL, and quality of life.

title: The SECCA procedure: a new therapy for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['fecal incontinence']


abstract: In a model of @entity55 and @entity82 induced by the antineoplastic antibiotic, @entity1732 , we previously demonstrated that @entity1810 was markedly elevated within 7 d of @entity1732 administration. At the time of maximal @entity1810 production, @entity1810 was localized by immunohistochemistry to be present almost exclusively in alveolar macrophages. In this study, we have demonstrated that alveolar macrophages stimulated by @entity1732 -induced injury secrete large quantities of biologically active @entity1810 when explanted into tissue culture. However, alveolar macrophages from normal saline-treated @entity35 secrete small quantities of biologically inactive @entity1810 . In contrast, splenic macrophages secrete large quantities of inactive @entity1810 and are unaffected by the intratracheal @entity1732 treatment. High doses of the corticosteroid @entity1667 given intramuscularly before and concomitantly with @entity1732 administration prevented the influx of alveolar macrophages into the lungs, diminishing both the number of macrophages present in the alveoli and the total lung content of @entity1810 . However, the rate of secretion of @entity1810 by alveolar macrophages recovered from the alveoli was unchanged after corticosteroid treatment. When activated alveolar macrophages were cultured in the presence of several concentrations of @entity619 that completely suppressed IL-1 secretion, little effect on @entity1810 secretion was observed. The findings in this study demonstrate that during @entity1732 -induced injury, alveolar macrophages not only secrete large quantities of active @entity1810 , but are a predominant source of the enhanced @entity1810 response seen in this model. Furthermore, the alveolar macrophage secretion of @entity1810 is not inhibited by the presence of high concentrations of @entity288 .

title: Regulation of alveolar macrophage transforming growth factor-beta secretion by XXXX in @entity1732 -induced @entity55 in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary inflammation']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity288 :: (MESH:D000305,Chemical) :: ['corticosteroids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is a major risk factor for the development of @entity712 ( @entity712 ). In @entity1 with advanced @entity712 , left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are increasingly used as a bridge to heart transplantation and destination therapy. It has been our observation that, post-LVAD implantation, @entity6 management improves dramatically. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated insulin requirements in a group of type 2 @entity6 @entity1 after LVAD implantation, compared them to a small control group, and performed a pertinent literature review. METHODS: Relevant clinical and biochemical data were collected by chart review of 11 @entity1 with known @entity6 and @entity712 who underwent LVAD implantation. @entity1 treated only with insulin were evaluated and compared with 5 control @entity1 undergoing other cardiac procedures. RESULTS: Insulin requirement decreased by 73% at 6 months from the pre-LVAD dose despite no significant changes in weight or glomerular filtration rate. Mean hemoglobin A1c reduced post-LVAD to 6.4% from 8.6%. @entity1 undergoing other cardiac procedures showed no significant changes in hemoglobin A1c or insulin requirements. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity6 undergoing LVAD implantation demonstrated a significant reduction in insulin requirements. This finding underscores the importance of @entity712 in the progression of insulin resistance.

title: Impact of left ventricular assist device on XXXX management: an evaluation through case analysis and clinical impact.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity12177 causes "cold-water vibriosis" (or "Hitra disease") in fish, including marine-reared @entity12178 . During development of the disease the bacterium will encounter macrophages with antibacterial activities such as production of damaging reactive @entity26 species (ROS). To defend itself the bacterium will presumably start producing detoxifying enzymes, reducing agents, and proteins involved in DNA and protein repair systems. Even though responses to oxidative stress are well studied for a few model bacteria, little work has been done in general to explain how important groups of pathogens, like members of the Vibrionaceae family, can survive at high levels of ROS. We have used bioinformatic tools and microarray to study how A. salmonicida responds to @entity273 ( @entity274 ). First, we used the recently published genome sequence to predict potential binding sites for OxyR ( @entity274 response regulator). The computer-based search identified OxyR sites associated with 20 single genes and 8 operons, and these predictions were compared to experimental data from Northern blot analysis and microarray analysis. In general, OxyR binding site predictions and experimental results are in agreement. Up- and down regulated genes are distributed among all functional gene categories, but a striking number of >= 2 fold up regulated genes encode proteins involved in detoxification and DNA repair, are part of reduction systems, or are involved in @entity505 metabolism and regeneration of @entity1110 . Our predictions and -omics data corroborates well with findings from other model bacteria, but also suggest species-specific gene regulation.

title: Global responses of XXXX to @entity273 as revealed by microarray analysis.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity12178 :: ('8030', 'Species') :: ['Atlantic salmon']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity12177 :: ('40269', 'Species') :: ['Aliivibrio salmonicida']

answer: @entity12177 :: (40269,Species) :: ['Aliivibrio salmonicida']


abstract: Maturation of an immature oocyte into one capable of being fertilized involves tightly choreographed movements of chromosomes and organelles. The localization of mitochondria during maturation was studied in live @entity19 oocytes by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Mitochondria were labeled with @entity3514 or Mitotracker (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) both of which are cell permeant and accumulate in mitochondria; @entity8574 orange was used to mark chromatin. Prior to maturation, oocytes appeared to be radially symmetrical with no evident polarity; fully mature oocytes exhibited obvious polarity marked by the position of the metaphase II spindle in the cortex. CLSM revealed several interesting features of mitochondrial distribution: 1) A cortical clump of mitochondria was seen approximately 30-45 degrees to one side of the metaphase II spindle and marked the region of polar body I extrusion. 2) Large foci of mitochondria (7-14 microM) were frequently found around the central region of the mature oocyte, while the central region often exhibited markedly fewer mitochondria. 3) Small mitochondrial foci (3 microM) in the cortex and near the GV characterized several oocytes which failed to mature. 4) Non-spindle-associated mitochondria were not uniformly distributed in the mature oocyte but were concentrated in the hemisphere containing the metaphase II spindle. 5) The distal margins of this mitochondrial hemisphere were sharply demarcated at the cortex. These findings should help us understand organelle localization during @entity1 oocyte maturation, and may give insights into possible causes of @entity249 and into early events of preimplantation development.

title: Polarization of mitochondria in the unfertilized XXXX oocyte.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity8574 :: ('CHEBI:36420', 'Chemical') :: ['acridine']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity3514 :: ('CHEBI:8828', 'Chemical') :: ['rhodamine 123']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the diagnosis and morphology of abnormal @entity292 between dialysis grafts and adjacent native veins in five @entity1 and to discuss their clinical significance. @entity1 AND METHODS: Five @entity1 with PTFE loop-type forearm dialysis grafts were found to have graft-to-vein @entity292 in the presence of @entity3181 or @entity432 . Three @entity1 underwent surgical revision and two @entity1 underwent percutaneous angioplasty of the @entity432 . Only one @entity1 required ligation of the abnormal graft-to-vein @entity292 . The clinical history, dialysis records, surgical reports, and subsequent radiographs of the @entity292 were reviewed to determine the clinical significance of these @entity292 . RESULTS: Two @entity1 presented with partial graft @entity715 ; the proximal portion of the graft remained patent due to persistent flow through the fistulous communication to an adjacent native vein. Two other @entity1 had a graft-to-vein @entity292 arising from a @entity2849 , which itself was originating from the graft. After either surgical or percutaneous treatment of the @entity432 , all five grafts remained functional during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: These iatrogenic, small-caliber @entity292 are not uncommon but only manifest during periods of elevated graft pressure. Once the graft pressure is normalized, these @entity292 have minimal hemodynamic effect and need not be specifically treated.

title: Graft-to-vein XXXX associated with polytetrafluoroethylene dialysis grafts: diagnosis and clinical significance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['venous outflow stenosis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous obstruction', 'occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistulas']


abstract: Increased levels of @entity14662 ( @entity21920 ) in the models of @entity295 , @entity3126 , and @entity649 ( @entity649 ) suggest its potential role in the modulation of @entity647 . We have recently described @entity21920 -protective effects against thrombin-induced @entity409 in pulmonary endothelial cells (EC). The current study examined involvement of the Rac effector p21-activated kinase ( @entity21921 ) in @entity21920 -protective effects in the model of lung vascular permeability induced by bacterial wall @entity558 . C57BL/6J @entity19 or @entity21920 knockout @entity19 ( @entity14662 (-/-)) were treated with @entity558 (0.63 mg/kg intratracheal) with or without @entity21920 (2  g/kg iv). @entity651 was monitored by measurements of bronchoalveolar lavage protein content, cell count, @entity5934 , and lung histology. Endothelial barrier properties were assessed by morphological analysis and measurements of transendothelial electrical resistance. @entity21920 treatment stimulated Rac-dependent @entity21921 phosphorylation, attenuated endothelial permeability caused by @entity558 , @entity637 , and @entity777 , decreased @entity558 -induced cell and protein accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and suppressed @entity5934 in the @entity19 model of @entity647 . More severe @entity558 -induced @entity651 and vascular leak were observed in @entity21920 knockout @entity19 . In rescue experiments, @entity21920 injection significantly reduced @entity651 in @entity14662 (-/-) @entity19 caused by @entity558 . Molecular inhibition of @entity21921 suppressed the protective effects of @entity21920 treatment against @entity558 -induced @entity651 and endothelial @entity409 . This study shows that the protective effects of @entity21920 against @entity558 -induced vascular leak are mediated at least in part by @entity21921 -dependent signaling leading to EC barrier enhancement. Our data suggest a direct role for @entity21920 in endothelial barrier regulation via modulation of small GTPase signaling.

title: XXXX attenuates @entity558 -induced lung vascular leak: role of @entity21921 .

entities_list: @entity14662 :: ('230899(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['atrial natriuretic peptide', 'Nppa']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['barrier dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['Lung injury', 'lung injury']

entities_list: @entity5934 :: ('MESH:C536380', 'Disease') :: ['Evans blue extravasation']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity14662 :: (230899(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Atrial natriuretic peptide']


abstract: Previous studies have shown that the gracile nucleus in postsynaptic dorsal column pathway plays an important role in conveying nociceptive information from pelvic visceral organs. The purpose of this study was to compare effects of a noxious cardiac stimulus on neuronal activity in the cuneate nucleus and upper thoracic spinal cord in @entity35 . Extracellular potentials of single neurons in the cuneate nucleus and upper thoracic (T3) spinal cord were recorded in pentobarbital anesthetized, ventilated and paralyzed male @entity35 . To activate cardiac nociceptors, a silicone tube was placed in the pericardial sac over the left ventricle to administer a solution of @entity1812 (10 microg/ml, 0.2 ml, 1 min). The number of cuneate neurons responding to intrapericardial @entity1812 (IB, 15.6%, 17/109) was significantly less than for T3 neurons (43.2%, 48/111, P<0.05). IB excited 9/17 (52.9%) cuneate neurons and inhibited eight neurons. In contrast, IB excited a significantly higher percentage of responding spinal neurons than those in cuneate nucleus (43/48, 89.6%, P<0.01). The ratio of short latency/long-lasting responses of cuneate neurons to IB (14/3) were significant higher than responses of spinal neurons (26/22, P<0.05). Spontaneous activity (5.5+/-0.7 imp/s), response amplitudes (6.0+/-0.6 imp/s) and durations (83.4+/-10.8 sec) of cuneate neurons excited by IB were significantly less than for spinal neurons (11.5+/-1.3 imp/s, 20.4+/-2.0 imp/s and 104.9+/-7.0 imp/s, P<0.01, P<0.01, P<0.05), respectively. These results indicate that the cuneate nucleus neurons play a relatively minor role in transmission of @entity299 in comparison to upper thoracic spinal neurons.

title: Comparison of activity characteristics of the cuneate nucleus and thoracic spinal neurons receiving noxious cardiac and/or somatic inputs in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac nociceptive information']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: Estimates of the incidences of severe @entity227 and @entity1939 (SVI/B) and their causes are key to good health service planning. Thus, the database of Germany's largest state's blind registry was used to estimate current incidence rates (IR) and to project rates for Germany in 2010 and 2030. METHODS: The sample consisted of 3328 blind/severely @entity227 individuals newly registered between 2000 and 2008. According to German law, SVI and B were defined as visual acuity equal to or below 20/1000 and 20/400, respectively, in the better seeing eye. Data of the reference population were stratified by age and sex and were used to estimate current IRs. Standardized IRs were estimated for Germany for 2010 and 2030 using national demographic projections. RESULTS: @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) accounted for 50% of all incidence of SVI/B (5.56/100,000 personyears (PY), followed by @entity726 (15%; 1.65/100,000 PY) and @entity6 (10%; 1.16/100,000 PY). All current IRs will rise by 2030, with the most pronounced increase in @entity1020 . By 2030, a national @entity1020 IR of 9.5/100,000 PY is expected, accounting for 57% of all incidence of SVI/B in Germany. The incidence of SVI/B in @entity1 will be more than twofold compared to @entity1 in 2030 (9187 vs. 3716 incident cases in 2030). CONCLUSIONS: There will be a dramatic increase of SVI/B by 2030 in Germany, leading to a substantial increase in the need for health and social service provision, with a focus on @entity227 elderly @entity1 .

title: Incidence of XXXX and severe @entity227 in Germany: projections for 2030.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visually impaired', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic eye disease']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['Age-related macular degeneration', 'AMD']

answer: @entity1939 :: (MESH:D001766,Disease) :: ['blindness']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity378 is still endemic in Tunisia. Even though @entity1906 ( @entity1906 ) is rare, there is an increased risk of resistance. The purpose of this study is to investigate predictors of @entity1906 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a case controlled retrospective study, comparing two groups of @entity1 with @entity1907 : a relapse group (GR) of 64 @entity1 with @entity1906 and a control group ( @entity1422 ) of 105 @entity1 . RESULTS: Between September 1995 and December 2007, the incidence of @entity1906 was 9.48%. All the @entity1 were male. There was no difference in the average age of the two groups. A smoking history of greater than 20 pack-years was more common in the GR (44.89% versus 21.4%, P=0.055). No difference was found regarding the history and clinical signs except that @entity662 and dyspnoea were more frequent in the GR. A low haemoglobin was more common in the GR (11.33    1.57g/dL versus 12.41    1.66g/dL, P=0.008). The tuberculin skin test was negative in 73.7% of GR versus 31.1% of @entity1422 (P=0.001). Adverse liver reactions are more frequent in the GR (27.3% versus 8.6%, P<0.05). Discontinuation of TB treatment was more common in the GR (36.7% versus 3.8%, P<0.001). The achievement of sputum negativity was delayed in the GR (46.32    54.01 versus 9.35    11.84 days, P<0.001). Despite this, we have noted no significant difference in drug resistance. In multivariate analysis, hepatic cytolysis and a negative tuberculin skin test were independent predictive factors for @entity1906 . CONCLUSION: All @entity378 @entity1 should have a carefully adapted treatment regimen, particularly the presence of factors predictive for recurrence.

title: [Predictive factors for recurrence of XXXX in Tunisia: a retrospective study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'recurrent TB']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'tuberculous']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: Some authors have associated the use of statins, hypolipidemic drugs, and new bone formation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of locally administered @entity3413 on bone healing. Bone calvarial defects 5mm in diameter were made in 64 @entity35 . The animals were divided into four groups according to the graft material: the control group, in which the defects were not treated, the @entity24578 group, which received a sponge of collagen soaked with @entity3413 (2.2 mg/50  l), the @entity24579 group, which received a sponge of collagen soaked with @entity3413 (0.5 mg/50  l), and the carrier (CAR) group, which received a sponge of collagen and water. The animals were sacrificed after 30 or 60 days. The skulls were removed, and radiographic densitometry and histometric analyses of the @entity79 area were performed. Local crust formation was clinically verified in @entity24578 and @entity24579 animals. After statistical analysis (p<0.05) of bone area data, we observed no significant differences among the groups after 30 days. After 60 days, however, there was less bone formation in the CAR and @entity24579 groups. The @entity24579 group also presented with lower radiographic densities after 60 days. According to the methodology used, we conclude that locally administered @entity3413 was detrimental to the repair of defects in the calvaria of @entity35 .

title: The influence of local administration of @entity3413 in calvarial bone healing in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defect']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review. OBJECTIVES: To assess efficacy and safety of spinal cord stimulation in @entity1 with @entity615 and @entity11252 and to examine prognostic factors that predict spinal cord stimulation outcome. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: A previous systematic review of spinal cord stimulation in @entity1 with @entity615 and @entity11252 by Turner et al in 1995 identified 39 case studies and no controlled studies. METHODS: A number of electronic databases were searched through January 2002. Citation searching of included papers was undertaken, and gray literature was sought through contact with clinical experts. No language restrictions were applied. All controlled and noncontrolled study designs were included. Study selection was carried out independently by two reviewers. Prognostic factors (age, sex, duration of @entity158 , time post surgery, follow-up duration, publication year, data collection year, indication, data collection country, study setting, and quality score) responsible for @entity158 relief outcome across case series were examined using univariate and multivariate metaregression. RESULTS: One randomized controlled trial, one cohort study, and 72 case studies were included. The randomized controlled trial reported a significant benefit (P = 0.047) in the proportion of @entity1 with @entity11252 reporting 50% or more @entity158 relief with spinal cord stimulation (37.5%) compared with @entity1 undergoing back reoperation (11.5%). There was evidence of substantial statistical heterogeneity (P < 0.0001) in the level of @entity158 relief following spinal cord stimulation reported across case series studies. The four principal prognostic factors found to be predictive of increased level of @entity158 relief with spinal cord stimulation were poor study quality score, short follow-up duration, multicenter (versus single center) studies, and the inclusion of @entity1 with @entity11252 (versus @entity615 ). Overall, 43% of @entity1 with @entity615 / @entity11252 experienced one or more complications following a spinal cord stimulation implant, although no major adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an increase in the number of studies over the last 10 years, the level of evidence for the efficacy of spinal cord stimulation in @entity615 / @entity11252 remains "moderate." Prognostic factors found to be predictive of the level of @entity158 relief following spinal cord stimulation were study quality, follow-up duration, study setting, and @entity1 indication.

title: Spinal cord stimulation for @entity615 and XXXX : a systematic review and analysis of prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['chronic leg and back pain', 'chronic back and leg pain']

entities_list: @entity11252 :: ('MESH:D055111', 'Disease') :: ['failed back surgery syndrome']

answer: @entity11252 :: (MESH:D055111,Disease) :: ['failed back surgery syndrome']


abstract: @entity2850 fracture is the most common complication of @entity170 . It may result in persistent severe @entity158 and limited mobility, and significantly impact the quality of life. Conservative therapy using external bracing, bed rest and analgesics is necessary for @entity158 control in these @entity1 . However, some @entity1 may experience protracted or ongoing @entity158 even with these measures. Surgical treatment is indicated when conservative treatment fails, or in @entity1 with spinal instability or @entity51 . Elderly @entity1 often have comorbilities, and because of @entity170 , high risk of @entity260 such as implant loosening, and further adjacent @entity174 . Vertebroplasty involves a percutaneous injection of bone cement into the collapsed vertebrae under fluroscopic imaging guidance. It was first reported in 1987 for the management of a @entity158 , aggressive @entity2695 of a vertebral body. Since then, vertebroplasty has been widely accepted for the treatment of @entity3814 without @entity16 . This article summarizes the advances in vertebroplasty, and discusses the indications, technique, alternative methods, results and complications. The contents include a review of the supporting evidence to provide a comparison of the safety and efficacy of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty.

title: Current status of vertebroplasty for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological damage']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral osteoporotic compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['Vertebral compression']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity3814 :: (MESH:D050815,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic compression fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the 1973 and 2004 World Health Organization (WHO) systems for the interval to @entity5 recurrence (TR), @entity5 progression (TP), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) using either the superficial/muscle invasive or strict @entity13634 pathologic staging in @entity1 with @entity189 with >= 10 years of follow-up. METHODS: A total of 269 @entity5 from an institutional review board-approved @entity150 registry were graded using the 1973 and 2004 WHO systems. Kaplan-Meier plots, the log-rank test, the chi-square test, and the Cox proportional hazard model were used to relate the clinical and histologic variables. RESULTS: The Cox model analyses, which were multivariate and included @entity5 stage (coded as @entity2558 or less versus pT2 or greater) as a significant covariate to grade, were performed and in all @entity5 stages were significant. The 2004 WHO grading system was more closely associated with TR (P = .025) and TP (P = .012) than was the 1973 WHO grading system (P = .47, and P = .046, respectively). @entity1349 was similar and significant for both. The @entity1349 plots for the 1973 WHO system showed a significant overlap between Stage @entity2558 or less, grade 2 and 3 @entity5 . For those with high-grade Stage pTa and high-grade Stage @entity2558 disease, TR and TP were similar; however, @entity1349 was significantly longer (P = .05, log-rank test) for those with Stage pTa. The @entity1349 was similar for those with high-grade Stage @entity2558 disease and those with Stage pT2 or greater (P = .069, log-rank test). For those with pTa, the 2004 system predicted TR and TP, but the 1973 system only predicted TP. Neither predicted @entity1349 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of our analysis have shown that the 2004 WHO system is superior to the 1973 system for predicting clinical outcomes in @entity1 with @entity189 , independent of pathologic stage. Its primary usefulness is in those with Stage pTa.

title: Comparison of 2004 and 1973 World Health Organization grading systems and their relationship to pathologic staging for predicting long-term prognosis in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: Sublingual immunotherapy with monomeric allergoid (allergoid SLIT), given according to the standard scheme, has proved effective and safe in many clinical trials. However, its build-up phase requires a long time ranging from 16 days to 14 weeks. This study therefore investigated whether, with a four-day up-dosing, the same benefit could be achieved in a shorter time. Thirty rhinitic and/or @entity748 @entity1 (16 M and 14 F, mean age 36+/-8.2 years) allergic to @entity6711 ( @entity6711 ) with or without other sensitizations were randomized to allergoid SLIT or standard drug therapy. The build-up phase lasted four days. The first day the @entity1 took a 300 @entity10058 tablet, the second day two 300 @entity10058 tablets, the third day three 300 @entity10058 tablets and the fourth day four 300 @entity10058 tablets. The total amount taken during the up-dosing was 3000 @entity10058 . @entity1 were then treated for 12 months at the dosage of 2000 @entity10058 /week (total amount of allergen: 104,000 @entity10058 /year). The symptom score and drug consumption were recorded from November to February on monthly diary cards. At baseline and after 12 months a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to rate the @entity1 ? well-being. Skin prick test reactivity was evaluated before and after the 12-month treatment in both groups using 10 mg/mL @entity112 as reference. VAS scores rose significantly (about 45%) in both groups in comparison to baseline (p=0.001). In addition, there was a significantly greater reduction of the global symptoms score (about 52%) - but not in drug consumption - in the SLIT group in comparison to controls (p=0.0004). The SLIT group showed a highly significant reduction (about 39%) in skin prick test reactivity (p=0.000003) while the control group remained unchanged (p=0.5226). No severe adverse events were observed. Even with this short four-day up-dosing, the allergoid SLIT proves to be safe. In addition, it is already effective in @entity1 allergic to @entity6711 after 12 months, and significantly reduces allergen-specific skin reactivity.

title: Sublingual allergoid immunotherapy: a new 4-day induction phase in XXXX allergic to @entity6711 .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity6711 :: ('MESH:D008924', 'Disease') :: ['HDM', 'house dust mites']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the pediatric presentation and evolution of @entity12390 ( @entity12390 ), a rare @entity32 characterized by recurrent @entity32 of cartilage. STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively collected data from 10 @entity1 observed in 3 French hospitals for @entity12390 , with an age at onset <18 years. We also analyzed 37 cases of pediatric-onset @entity12390 from a systematic review. RESULTS: The mean age at first symptoms was 8.6 years, and the sex ratio was 6 male @entity1 and 4 female @entity1 . @entity1 came to medical attention with joint @entity158 , @entity32 , and @entity12391 . Outcomes included severe @entity227 , @entity102 , and 1 @entity204 caused by @entity384 . Treatment mainly consisted of non-steroidal-anti-inflammatory drugs, @entity288 , and immunosuppressants. Growth was normal in 7 examined @entity1 . Systematic literature review also suggested a high number of tracheostomy in pediatric cases, but this was not confirmed in our series. CONCLUSION: @entity12390 in childhood shares the main clinical features of its adult counterpart, including destructive @entity16 , but unlike adults, @entity1 frequently have a family history of @entity792 and infrequently have other associated @entity792 . @entity12390 can be fatal; close screening for complications is mandatory. Growth does not appear to be impaired by cartilage @entity32 .

title: Pediatric-onset XXXX : case series and systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'inflammatory disease', 'ocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity12390 :: ('MESH:D011081', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing polychondritis', 'RP']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['chondritis and systemic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic destructive chondritis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity12391 :: ('MESH:D013991', 'Disease') :: ['chondritis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity12390 :: (MESH:D011081,Disease) :: ['relapsing polychondritis']


abstract: @entity615 often leads to @entity2319 and-apart from significant @entity1 suffering-also creates immense economic costs. There have been numerous epidemiological studies focussing on the incidence and the course of @entity1643 . Less attention has been paid to the impact of subjective perception of the disease and the degree of healthcare use of these @entity1 . The aim of this study was to gather data about @entity1 with @entity1643 and compare these data with @entity1 suffering from @entity1118 in other body regions. The first 300 @entity158 questionnaires collected by the @entity158 centre at the University Hospital in Freiburg between January 2000 and September 2001 were analysed. This @entity158 questionnaire is a modified version of the @entity158 questionnaire of the DGSS (Deutsche Gesellschaft zum Studium des Schmerzes-German Chapter of the IASP). It collects demographic and socioeconomic information, as well as information regarding the course of the disease, and the subjective description of @entity158 and the @entity158 . The subjective view of the course of disease, shows differences between @entity1 with @entity1643 and @entity1 with @entity1118 of other origin, particularly regarding physical strain as the assumed cause of @entity158 , but also regarding the frequency of prior treatments and cures. The subjective perception of the course of the @entity2531 in @entity1 with @entity1643 compared to @entity1 with @entity1118 in other parts of the body shows differences mainly related to the capacity for physical exertion. The frequency of ineffective prior treatments and cures underlines the necessity for early initiation of effective @entity158 treatment aimed at prevention of the @entity2531 becoming chronic.

title: XXXX : course of disease from the @entity1 's perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'low back pain']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['permanent disability']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic back pain']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['pain disorder']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain-related impairment', 'interdisciplinary pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['Chronic low back pain']


abstract: @entity5 progression involves a series of sequential steps leading to @entity3 . For several of these steps, @entity5 cells must be equipped with the appropriate adhesive phenotype. Contact with adjacent cells in the primary @entity5 must be reduced, and invasion and @entity3 require adhesive interactions with ECM components. A group of adhesion molecules called integrins is involved in many of these interactions. Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane molecules that link the cell to the cytoskeleton. They mediate adhesion to ECM components and to other cells. They may be present in an active or inactive conformation, and in addition to adhesive events, they transfer signals into the cell inducing changes in gene expression. Both functions implicate integrins in @entity5 progression, and their role in @entity5 has been the subject of many studies over the past 5 years. Several studies of @entity1 @entity320 have demonstrated that the expression of integrins correlates with @entity5 progression in vivo. Furthermore, integrin expression and function in @entity320 cell lines have been found to correlate with invasive or metastatic potential. Finally, evidence from experimental studies in vitro and in vivo shows that integrins have a role in @entity320 , invasion, angiogenesis and @entity3 . Integrins might be used as prognostic markers for clinical outcome and they may be useful therapeutic targets in @entity320 .

title: Role of integrins as signal transducing cell adhesion molecules in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'cutaneous melanoma', 'melanoma tumorigenesis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['cutaneous melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity64 is the third most common cause of @entity65 @entity204 in @entity1 on dialysis therapy; however, characteristics of @entity66 , including clinical subtypes and subsequent consequences, have not been well described. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective national cohort study, the Choices for Healthy Outcomes in Caring for @entity454 ( @entity454 ) Study. SETTINGS _ @entity1 : 1,041 incident dialysis @entity1 treated in 81 clinics enrolled from October 1995 to July 1998, followed up until December 31, 2004. PREDICTOR: Time from dialysis therapy initiation. OUTCOMES _ MEASUREMENTS: @entity66 events were defined as nonfatal (hospitalized @entity64 and carotid endarterectomy) and fatal ( @entity64 ) events after dialysis therapy initiation. @entity64 subtypes were classified by using standardized criteria from the Trial of @entity10269 in Acute @entity64 Treatment (TOAST) system. The incidence of cerebrovascular event subtypes was analyzed by using time-to-event analyses accounting for competing risk of @entity204 . Clinical outcomes after @entity64 were abstracted from medical records. RESULTS: 165 @entity1 experienced a cerebrovascular event with an overall incidence of 4.9 events/100 @entity1 -years. @entity385 was the most common (76% of all 200 events), with cardioembolism subtype accounting for 28% of the 95 abstracted ischemic events. Median time from onset of symptoms to first @entity64 evaluation was 8.5 hours (25th and 75th percentiles, 1 and 42), with only 56% of @entity1 successfully escaping @entity204 , nursing home, or skilled nursing facility. LIMITATIONS: Relatively small sample size limits power to determine risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: @entity66 is common in dialysis @entity1 , is identified late, and carries a significant risk of morbidity and mortality. @entity64 etiologic subtypes on dialysis therapy are multifactorial, suggesting risk factors may change the longer one has @entity454 . Additional studies are needed to address the poor prognosis through prevention, early identification, and treatment.

title: XXXX incidence, characteristics, and outcomes in @entity1 initiating dialysis: the @entity454 ( @entity454 ) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke death', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease', 'Cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['CHOICE', 'end-stage renal disease', 'End-Stage Renal Disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Cerebrovascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Vasomotor reactivity (VMR) represents the autoregulatory capacity of cerebral vessels and its clinical significance has been reported in steno-occlusive @entity2998 (ICA). However, it has yet to be studied in intracranial steno-occlusive diseases. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with @entity2500 diagnosed by MR angiography were compared with age-matched controls. @entity1 with @entity543 or advanced small vessel disease were excluded. @entity850 was graded as mild (< 50%), moderate (50-90%), or severe (> 90%). VMR was measured by a semi-closed rebreathing method with monitoring of end-expiratory CO    level and calculated by percentage change of mean flow velocity of MCA. RESULT: Fifty-eight MCAs with @entity850 among 44 @entity1 were compared with 38 MCAs without @entity850 among 19 controls. VMR was reduced in @entity1 with @entity850 as compared with controls (41.6% vs 57.1%, p < 0.001). VMR was more reduced in @entity1 with previous @entity64 compared with those without previous @entity64 (27.5% vs 53.1%, p < 0.001). Decrement of VMR was well correlated with degree of @entity850 (p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, @entity101 and @entity6 revealed moderate to severe @entity850 as an independent determinant of reduced VMR (odds ratio 10.2, 95% CI 3.35-30.96, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: TCD measurement of VMR is feasible in @entity2500 and VMR is reduced in a dose-responsive manner. These pilot results need to be replicated and further clinical significance of VMR in @entity2500 remains to be determined.

title: Vasomotor reactivity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCA stenosis', 'middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['diseases of internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Degree of stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral ICA stenosis']

answer: @entity2500 :: (MESH:D020244,Disease) :: ['middle cerebral artery stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse a population with intermittent @entity955 , comparing the clinical characteristics of @entity1 with the idiopathic form with those with structural pathology. DESIGN: Intermittent @entity955 retrospective study. SETTING: Arrhythmology outpatients clinic of the cardiac department. @entity1 AND METHODS: Retrospective study of a population of 59 @entity1 with intermittent @entity955 referred to the arrhythmology outpatients clinic of the cardiac department. Forty @entity1 were male and nineteen female with a mean age of 51 +/- 13 years. Idiopathic @entity955 group with 18 @entity1 was compared with the 41 @entity1 group with identifiable pathology. @entity955 was recognised by 12 lead ECG and 24 hours ambulatory Holter monitoring. Clinical and echocardiographic parameters were analysed. Complications and the efficacy of anti-arrhythmic therapy were referred. MAIN RESULTS: In the studied population, mean age at the identification of @entity955 was lower in the idiopathic group than in the group with identifiable pathology. It was 36 +/- 12 years in the first group and 45.2 +/- 13 in the second. Left atrium dimension was 38.1 +/- 4 mm in the first group and 42.5 +/- 9 mm in the second (p = 0.04). In the group with mitral valvulopathy, left atrium dimension was 45.5 +/- 11 mm, also significantly different from @entity1 with the idiopathic form (p = 0.012). Statistically significative difference between those groups was not found for left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and shortening fraction. Mean follow-up was 3 years with a range between 7 months and 10 years. Effective therapeutic control was obtained in 35 of 59 @entity1 (59.3%). Six were from the idiopathic group (33.3%) and 29 from the group with identifiable pathology (70.7%). Control was not reached or was only partial in 24 @entity1 (40.7%), belonging 66.7% to the first group and 29.3% to the second (p = 0.016). No @entity887 phenomenon was documented in the idiopathic not anti-coagulated group. Four @entity887 (9.8%) were observed in the group of identified pathology. Three of then were related with mitral valvulopathy and were submitted to effective anti-coagulation therapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity955 are younger, with smaller left atrium dimension (mainly in relation to those with @entity339 ) but are more resistant to anti-arrhythmic therapy. They have a trend to less @entity1031 complications and anti-coagulation is probably not justified.

title: [A retrospective study of a population with intermittent XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve disease']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic', 'embolic complications']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation', 'idiopathic intermittent atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']