abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if either the @entity519 cell radiosensitizer @entity11256 ( @entity11256 ) or the @entity519 cytotoxin @entity11397 could improve the effectiveness of radioimmunotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: LC4 (an @entity9686 monoclonal antibody directed toward malignant T cells) and @entity47552 (an irrelevant isotype-matched control antibody) were injected intraperitoneally into severe combined @entity465 phenotype @entity19 with @entity1 @entity784 xenografts in order to determine the distribution of the antibodies in the @entity5 and normal tissues as a function of time. Computerized- @entity4095 -histography was used to measure the median @entity26 tension in the @entity5 . Tumor-bearing @entity19 were treated with: (a) LC4; (b) 90Y-LC4; (c) 90Y- @entity47552 ; (d) whole body irradiation delivered via an external 137Cs source; (e) @entity11256 and 90Y-LC4; (f) @entity11397 and 90Y-LC4; (g) @entity11256 ; and (h) @entity11397 . An additional group of @entity19 received no treatment and served as controls. A @entity5 growth delay assay was used to assess the effectiveness of the different treatment regimens. RESULTS: LC4 accumulated in the @entity5 to a significantly greater extent than @entity47552 (p < 0.001) and reached a peak concentration in the @entity5 5 days post-injection. The @entity1 @entity784 xenografts had a relatively low median @entity26 tension. LC4 by itself was able to produce a minor decrease in @entity5 size (control vs. LC4; p = 0.001). 90Y-LC4 produced greater @entity5 growth delay than LC4 alone (LC4 vs. 90Y-LC4; p = 0.01); however, the Yttrium-90 caused @entity1398 and @entity353 . The 90Y-labeled @entity5 -specific and non-specific antibodies both exerted greater @entity5 growth delay than externally delivered whole body irradiation (p < or = 0.03) due to preferential uptake of the antibodies in the @entity5 . @entity11256 and @entity11397 by themselves did not significantly inhibit the growth of the @entity5 . @entity11256 did not significantly enhance the @entity5 growth delay produced by 90Y-LC4 (90Y-LC4 vs @entity11256 and 90Y-LC4, p = 0.13). @entity11397 , on the other hand, did enhance the @entity5 growth delay produced by 90Y-LC4 (90Y-LC4 vs. @entity11397 and 90Y-LC4, p = 0.046). The @entity1398 and @entity353 caused by 90Y-LC4 were exacerbated slightly (< 10%) by the administration of @entity11397 . CONCLUSIONS: A first generation @entity519 cytotoxin, @entity11397 , was able to enhance the @entity5 growth delay produced by radioimmunotherapy in severe combined @entity465 phenotype @entity19 with @entity1 @entity784 xenografts.

title: The @entity519 cytotoxin @entity11397 increases the effectiveness of radioimmunotherapy in XXXX with @entity1 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma xenografts.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity11256 :: ('MESH:D017341', 'Chemical') :: ['SR 2508', 'Etanidazole', 'etanidazole']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous T cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficient']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Sixty-three @entity1 with crescentic @entity631 (cellular crescents in greater than 50% of glomeruli) were considered for a prospective randomized trial comparing intravenous @entity1667 , @entity229 , and @entity500 with and without plasma exchange. Of 32 @entity1 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this study, 16 were randomly assigned to receive drug therapy (control) and 16 to receive plasma exchange as well. The randomization was stratified for initial need of dialysis, and the presence of @entity1458 and @entity1463 . Renal pathology was similar in the two groups of @entity1 . There was no significant difference in the number of @entity1 initially on dialysis who were able to discontinue it during the study (2/7 control v 3/4 plasma exchange), whereas no control but two plasma exchange-treated @entity1 started dialysis during the study. Serum @entity1011 at randomization was similar in the two groups: 769 +/- 486 mumol/L (8.7 +/- 5.5 mg/dL) in the control group versus 643 +/- 275 mumol/L (7.3 +/- 3.1 mg/dL) in the plasma exchange group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in mean serum @entity1011 , change in serum @entity1011 , change in reciprocal, or change in logarithm of serum @entity1011 at 1, 3, 6, or 12 months following randomization. Power calculation, assuming a 20% difference would be clinically relevant, was 0.94 at 12 months. There was significant morbidity in both groups; there were two deaths within 1 year of randomization, both of @entity358 and both in the plasma exchange group. We conclude that plasma exchange offers no additional therapeutic benefit to @entity1 with @entity3762 @entity631 ( @entity631 ) who are not dialysis-dependent at presentation.

title: A prospective randomized trial of plasma exchange as additive therapy in XXXX . The Canadian Apheresis Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['RPGN', 'rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis', 'glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis']


abstract: @entity3009 (PG) E(2), which exerts its actions via the PG receptors @entity7700 -4, is produced from @entity1426 by @entity9859 and @entity2247 . The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which @entity1356 induces the expression of PG receptors in cultured @entity1 chondrocytes and to explore the role of @entity1421 in this process. The cells were cultured with 0, 10, or 100 U/mL @entity1356 with or without 1 muM @entity12698 , a specific inhibitor of @entity2247 , for up to 28 days. Expression of the genes encoding @entity9859 , @entity2247 , and @entity7700 -4 was quantified using real-time PCR, and expression of the corresponding proteins was examined using immunohistochemical staining. @entity1421 production was determined using ELISA. @entity1356 treatment caused a marked dose- and time-dependent increase in the levels of @entity1421 , @entity2247 , and @entity2912 as compared with the untreated control. It did not affect the expression of @entity9859 , and it decreased the expression of @entity7700 and @entity7701 . @entity7699 expression was not detected in either the absence or the presence of @entity1356 . When @entity12698 was also present, @entity1356 failed to stimulate @entity1421 production and @entity2912 expression, but its stimulatory effect on @entity2247 expression and its inhibitory effect on @entity7700 and @entity7701 expression were unchanged. @entity1356 increases the production of @entity1421 , @entity2247 , and the PG receptor @entity2912 in cultured @entity1 chondrocytes. The increase in @entity2912 expression appears to be a result of the increased @entity1421 production.

title: @entity1356 stimulates the expression of @entity3009 receptor XXXX in @entity1 chondrocytes by increasing production of @entity1421 .

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin (IL)-1beta', 'IL-1beta']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandin']

answer: @entity2912 :: (5734,Gene) :: ['EP4']


abstract: @entity4034 and @entity5414 caused by Gram-positive pathogens may require prolonged inpatient treatment. The glycopeptide antibiotic, @entity11248 , can be administered once daily to outpatients, and was assessed in a multicenter, open trial in @entity1 with such infections. @entity1 with proven Gram-positive @entity4034 or @entity5414 were treated with once-daily @entity11248 , 6-12 mg/kg per day, after three loading doses at intervals of 12 h, for 4-6 weeks. A total of 342 @entity1 were recruited, of whom 220 were fully evaluable. Surgical procedures were performed in 82% of @entity1 . Clinical success by the end of treatment was recorded in 81/90 @entity1 (90%) with @entity697 , 70/79 @entity1 (88.6%) with @entity6275 , and 42/51 @entity1 (82.4%) with @entity5414 . Four @entity1 with acute and 4 with @entity6275 and 5 @entity1 with @entity5414 failed to respond to treatment. Relapse was known to have occurred in 10 @entity1 with @entity4034 and 4 with @entity5414 . Mean trough levels of @entity11248 reached during the first week of therapy were 10 mg/l (mean dose, 6 mg/kg) and 21 mg/l (mean dose, 12 mg/kg). A mean of 75% of the treatment course was given at home. One or more adverse events were reported in 166/342 @entity1 (48.5%), 119 (34.8%) of which were thought to be related to @entity11248 , and treatment was discontinued in 59 @entity1 . Fever, chills, and rashes were the most common side-effects, but were usually mild. @entity11248 was shown to be a cost-effective method of treatment of @entity79 caused by multiple-resistant Gram-positive pathogens.

title: @entity11248 in the treatment of XXXX : An open study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6275 :: ('MESH:C535456', 'Disease') :: ['chronic osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['Osteomyelitis', 'osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity11248 :: ('MESH:D017334', 'Chemical') :: ['teicoplanin', 'Teicoplanin']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone and joint infections']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone and joint infections']


abstract: Mutations in the @entity16402 gene ( @entity16402 ) have recently been identified in @entity1 with @entity746 , accounting for 1.11%-4.92% of familial @entity2655 and 2.42%-4.37% of @entity4572 ( @entity4572 ). The mutation spectrum of @entity16402 in Chinese @entity1 with @entity4572 remains unknown. Three hundred and six @entity1 with @entity4572 from the Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University were recruited for this study. From the same region, 350 healthy individuals were recruited as a control group. The encoding regions of @entity16402 were screened by direct sequencing. Three novel nonsynonymous mutations- @entity51369 , @entity51370 , and @entity51371 -were identified in 3 @entity1 with @entity4572 , none of which were found in healthy controls. The male @entity1 carrying mutation @entity51369 presented limb symptom at age of 34 and died in 34 months. Two late-onset @entity1 carrying @entity51370 and @entity51371 mutations had bulbar and limb onset, respectively. Moreover, a @entity51372 mutation in the intron 7 was found in a living male @entity1 with limb onset at age of 62. None of the @entity1 carrying @entity16402 mutation showed clinical evidence of concomitant Paget disease of bone or mutation of the valosin-containing protein gene. The mutation frequency of @entity16402 was 0.98% in Chinese @entity1 with @entity4572 , which was lower than those in other racial populations.

title: XXXX mutations in Han Chinese populations with @entity4572 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4572 :: ('MESH:C566291', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis', 'SALS']

entities_list: @entity51369 :: ('p|SUB|I|99|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p. I99L']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity16402 :: (8878,Gene) :: ['SQSTM1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity3147 is linked to @entity1 mortality and morbidity. Community-Based Management of Acute @entity3147 (CMAM) programs can be instrumental in large-scale detection and treatment of undernutrition. The World Health Organization (WHO) 2006 weight-for-height/length tables are diagnostic tools available to screen for acute @entity3147 . Frontline workers (FWs) in a CMAM program in Dharavi, Mumbai, were using CommCare, a mobile application, for monitoring and case management of @entity1 in combination with the paper-based WHO simplified tables. A strategy was undertaken to digitize the WHO tables into the CommCare application. OBJECTIVE: To measure differences in diagnostic accuracy in community-based screening for acute @entity3147 , by FWs, using a mobile-based solution. METHODS: Twenty-seven FWs initially used the paper-based tables and then switched to an updated mobile application that included a nutritional grade calculator. @entity1 error rates specifically associated with grade classification were calculated by comparison of the grade assigned by the FW to the grade each @entity1 should have received based on the same WHO tables. Cohen kappa coefficient, sensitivity and specificity rates were also calculated and compared for paper-based grade assignments and calculator grade assignments. RESULTS: Comparing FWs (N = 14) who completed at least 40 screenings without and 40 with the calculator, the error rates were 5.5% and 0.7%, respectively (p < .0001). Interrater reliability (k) increased to an almost perfect level (>.90), from .79 to .97, after switching to the mobile calculator. Sensitivity and specificity also improved significantly. CONCLUSION: The mobile calculator significantly reduces an important component of @entity1 error in using the WHO tables to assess acute @entity3147 at the community level.

title: M-Health for Improving Screening Accuracy of Acute XXXX in a Community-Based Management of Acute @entity3147 Program in Mumbai Informal Settlements.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'Human', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition', 'Malnutrition']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['Malnutrition']


abstract: The aim of this work was to study the @entity2287 -enhancement of malignant and benign pathology in the pelvis after surgery for @entity5 . Thirty @entity1 with either local recurrence (n = 17) or benign changes related to treatment for @entity5 (n = 13) were studied with pelvic MR imaging. T2-weighted fast spin-echo as well as T1-weighted spin- or gradient-echo imaging before and after intravenous contrast was performed and referred to as contrast-enhanced MRI (CEMRI). In addition, between the pre- and postcontrast images, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCEMRI) was performed using a single-slice, multi-phase, contrast-enhanced T1-weighted fast spoiled gradient-echo sequence. The time between the start of contrast injection to the beginning of enhancement, the duration and rate of enhancement as well as enhancement amplitude were recorded. The data were compared with the clinical diagnosis according to biopsy in 8 @entity1 and surgery in 6 @entity1 . In the remaining 16 @entity1 , the clinical diagnosis was obtained by clinical or radiological follow-up. DCEMRI did not improve the diagnostic information compared with CEMRI. None of the examined parameters were found to help discriminating malignant from benign changes. Characterisation of lesions in the pelvis after @entity5 surgery was not improved by a dynamic @entity2287 -enhanced sequence.

title: The pelvis after surgery and radio-chemotherapy for XXXX studied with Gd-DTPA-enhanced fast dynamic MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: The purpose of the present article is to review a number of studies dealing with the efficacy of @entity460 antagonists, in particular @entity1855 , in the treatment of essential @entity101 . Several well-controlled studies have shown that @entity1855 causes a significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic pressure. Blood pressure decrease, which is of the same magnitude as with @entity1169 , is related to pretreatment values and, according to some authors, to age, but the latter statement is being refuted by others. Using a slow-release preparation, it can be shown that the 24-h blood pressure profile with once-daily administration is quite similar to the profile seen with three-times-daily administration of the regular formulation of @entity1855 . It has also been documented that the blood pressure decrease persists during 1-year continued administration. Optimal effect is seen at 240-320 mg/day. The most frequent side effects are constipation, flushing, and conduction disturbances. It is often proposed that the addition of a diuretic to @entity1855 does not increase the antihypertensive effect, but recent studies provide evidence to the contrary. Finally, ambulatory pressure recordings have shown that @entity594 does not decrease blood pressure variability. In general, @entity460 antagonists seem to be effective antihypertensive drugs but their place in the daily antihypertensive treatment has still to be defined.

title: @entity460 antagonists in the treatment of essential XXXX : review of international studies.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The uncertain risk of secondary @entity1779 (sICH) frequently keeps clinicians from initiating oral anticoagulation (OAC) early after ischemic @entity64 . The goal of this experimental study was to determine the risk of sICH depending on the timing of OAC initiation relative to @entity64 onset and to address the role of hematogenous macrophages for repair processes preventing OAC-associated sICH. METHODS: C57BL/6 @entity19 were subjected to transient @entity2500 . Subgroups were treated with either the @entity2067 antagonist (VKA) phenprocoumon or the direct @entity10993 inhibitor @entity14534 . Hematogenous macrophages were depleted using intraperitoneal injections of @entity19160 -filled liposomes. RESULTS: Time to therapeutic OAC was 48 hours with VKA and 0.5 hours with @entity14534 treatment. In VKA-treated @entity19 , the risk of sICH was high if effective OAC was already present at @entity64 onset or achieved within 48 hours after @entity63 . With more delayed OAC, the risk of sICH rapidly decreased. Compared with VKA treatment, effective anticoagulation with @entity14534 was associated with a significantly reduced extent of sICH, either if present at @entity64 onset or if achieved 48 hours later. Partial depletion of macrophages greatly increased the extent of OAC-associated sICH in the subacute stage of 3 to 4 days after @entity63 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that repair mechanisms involving hematogenous macrophages rapidly decrease the risk of OAC-associated sICH in the first days after @entity385 . The lower risk of sICH under @entity14534 compared with VKA treatment may facilitate early initiation of OAC after @entity64 .

title: Secondary @entity1779 due to early initiation of oral anticoagulation after XXXX : an experimental study in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cardioembolic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity14534 :: ('MESH:C453962', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran etexilate']

entities_list: @entity19160 :: ('MESH:D004002', 'Chemical') :: ['clodronate']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Untreated acute mild @entity64 @entity1 have substantial 90-day disability rates and worse outcomes than those who are treated with thrombolysis. There is little information regarding which @entity1 with acute mild @entity64 will benefit from thrombolysis. We sought to investigate factors that are associated with early @entity16 (END) and poor prognosis in @entity1 with acute mild @entity64 . METHODS: This was a retrospective study of consecutively registered @entity1 with acute mild @entity64 (NIHSS  <=3) at our tertiary @entity64 center between October 2008 and December 2011. END was defined as an increase in NIHSS >= 2 points between hospital days 0 and 5. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores of 0-1 at 90 days post- @entity64 were defined as favorable outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 378 (mean age, 65.9  13.0 years) @entity1 were included in this study. END occurred in 55 @entity1 (14.6%). IV-thrombolysis was performed in only 9 @entity1 . Symptomatic @entity432 on the initial MRA was independently associated with END (OR, 2.206; 95% CI, 1.219-3.994; p=0.009) by multivariate logistic regression. Of the 119 @entity1 with symptomatic @entity432 , @entity432 was independently associated with END (OR, 8.606; 95% CI, 2.312-32.043; p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that symptomatic @entity432 may be an important predictor of END in @entity1 with acute mild @entity64 . It may therefore be important to consider that acute @entity385 with symptomatic @entity432 and low NIHSS scores may not represent mild @entity64 in acute periods.

title: Proximal @entity432 in acute XXXX with low NIHSS scores should not be considered as mild @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion', 'ICA occlusion']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: A prospective study has been conducted on 4954 female volunteers from the Island of Guernsey between 1977 and 1985 to examine risk factors for @entity0 and their relationship to mammographic parenchymal patterns as assessed by Wolfe's method of grading. Up to September 1988, 69 @entity1 had developed @entity0 , 11 of whom were prevalent cases being diagnosed within six months of mammography. The remaining incident cases were diagnosed six to 126 months (median 65 months) after entry to the study. Univariate analysis showed that the distribution of Wolfe grades in the population was significantly associated with menopausal status, age, parity, adiposity, age at menarche, age at first childbirth and use of oral contraception, but not with a family history of @entity0 . Multivariate analysis of the data for these variables from either pre- and/or post-menopausal @entity1 indicated that age, parity and adiposity were significantly related to Wolfe grade pattern. Age had an opposite effect in pre- compared with postmenopausal @entity1 thus the probability of either a P2 or DY pattern increased with increasing age in premenopausal but decreased in postmenopausal @entity1 so that incidence peaked around the menopause. Other variables did not achieve significance in the multivariate analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for @entity1 with P2 or DY patterns using those with N1 or P1 grades as the reference group. The ORs were determined at two censoring times; one at five years and the other to include the most recent follow-up of this cohort. The ORs were adjusted for years of follow-up, age and adiposity and in postmenopausal @entity1 adjustment was also made for age at menarche.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Relationship of mammographic parenchymal patterns with XXXX risk factors and risk of @entity0 in a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels are often elevated in renal transplant recipients, and @entity205 ( @entity870 ) therapy in these @entity1 has been implicated. @entity65 is the major cause of mortality in transplant recipients, and alterations of lipid metabolism represent a common risk factor. The role of CsA on LDL metabolism is still partially defined. The aim of the study was to evaluate the @entity754 uptake of CsA-transported LDL (CsA-LDL) compared with normal LDL in normal and CsA-treated lymphocytes. Forty-seven healthy unrelated subjects and 6 CsA-treated @entity1 were consecutively enrolled as donors of lymphocytes to measure receptor-mediated LDL metabolism. Normal LDL and CsA-LDL were isolated from blood donors and from @entity1 under CsA immunosuppressive therapy, respectively. Lipoproteins were labeled with a fluorochrome, and @entity754 uptake was measured by flow cytometry. Normal LDL uptake was 13.95% +/- 4.5%, whereas CsA-LDL uptake was 32.47% +/- 10.84% (P < .001) in healthy lymphocytes. In CsA-treated lymphocytes, normal LDL uptake was 7.48% +/- 2.32% vs 12.49% +/- 2.44% CsA-LDL (P < .01). Lymphocytes of every subject showed at least a 2-fold increased uptake of CsA-LDL vs normal LDL. Our data show that CsA-LDL is internalized more than normal LDL via the @entity754 in both @entity1 healthy and CsA-treated lymphocytes. CsA-treated lymphocytes, in comparison to normal lymphocytes, exhibit a reduced @entity754 activity.

title: Influence of XXXX on low-density lipoprotein uptake in @entity1 lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: Twenty-six cases (4.8%) from a total of 540 @entity1 with @entity810 ( @entity810 ) of diverse aetiology had @entity810 in association with @entity9231 . Their ages ranged from 15 to 85 years (mean 31.2). @entity1494 and @entity644 (less than 1 g/24 h) were observed in 15 (57.7%) cases. The probable underlying factors leading to @entity810 were: volume depletion 17 (65.3%), intravascular haemolysis 8 (30.8%), hyperparasitaemia 8 (30.8%), @entity3883 (23%), and @entity551 5 (19.2%). Dialysis therapy was required in 15 @entity1 (57.7%) as they had severe @entity177 , and the remaining 11 @entity1 improved with supportive measures. All patients received antimalarial therapy. The clinical course of @entity810 was consistent with @entity4295 in 20 @entity1 . Six cases were subjected to percutaneous renal biopsy. One @entity1 showed histological features of necrotizing @entity631 along with acute @entity1986 . The biopsies in the other five @entity1 showed features of @entity4295 in three, and acute @entity4 with @entity4295 in two. The mortality rate was 30.8%. Thus @entity9231 , which has been an important cause of @entity810 in certain highly endemic zones of India, is showing an increasing prevalence in other parts such as Eastern Uttar Pradesh due to an imbalance between the increasing population and inadequate sanitary facilities, which further worsen during floods.

title: XXXX in @entity9231 --increasing prevalence in some areas of India--a need for awareness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['cholestatic jaundice 6']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary sediment abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis', 'patchy tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial oedema']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity9231 :: ('MESH:D016778', 'Disease') :: ['falciparum malaria']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure', 'ARF']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['Acute renal failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Temporary vascular clamping during local ablation for colorectal liver metastases increases destruction volumes. However, it also causes ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) @entity99 and accelerates the outgrowth of microscopic @entity5 deposits. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of selective portal clamping on hepatocellular damage and @entity5 growth. METHODS: @entity19 carrying pre-established hepatic colorectal micrometastases underwent either simultaneous clamping of both the portal vein and the hepatic artery or selective clamping of the portal vein to the median and left liver lobes for 45 min. Sham-operated @entity19 served as controls. @entity99 and @entity5 growth were assessed over time. RESULTS: Standard inflow occlusion resulted in a rise in liver enzymes, a local inflammatory response and hepatocellular @entity39 . The outgrowth of pre-established micrometastases was accelerated three- to fourfold in clamped compared with non-clamped liver lobes (27.4 versus 7.8 per cent, P < 0.010). Conversely, selective portal clamping induced minimal @entity99 , tissue @entity32 or hepatocellular @entity39 , and completely stopped the accelerated outgrowth of micrometastases. CONCLUSION: Selective portal clamping does not induce liver tissue damage or accelerate micrometastasis outgrowth and may therefore be the preferable clamping method during local ablative treatment of hepatic metastases.

title: Selective portal clamping to minimize XXXX -reperfusion damage and avoid accelerated outgrowth of experimental colorectal liver metastases.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic injury', 'liver injury', 'injury to the liver parenchyma']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic ischaemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of brain CT perfusion ( @entity93 ) imaging in severe @entity131 (STBI) is unclear. We hypothesised that in STBI early @entity93 may provide additional information beyond the non contrast CT (NCCT). METHODS: Subset analysis of an ongoing prospective observational study on @entity130 @entity1 with STBI who did not require craniectomy and deteriorated or failed to improve neurologically during the first 48h from @entity130 . Subsequently to follow-up NCCT, a @entity93 was obtained. Additional findings were defined as an area of altered perfusion on @entity93 larger than the abnormal area detected by the simultaneous NCCT. @entity1 who had additional finding (A- @entity93 ) were compared with @entity1 who did not have additional findings (NA- @entity93 ). RESULTS: Study population was 30 @entity1 [male: 90%, mean age: 38.6 (SD 16.9), blunt @entity130 : 100%; prehospital intubation: 6 (20%); lowest GCS before intubation: 5.1 (SD 2.0); mean ISS: 30.5 (SD 8.3); mean head and neck AIS: 4.4 (SD 0.8). Days in ICU: 10.2 (SD 6.3). Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitored in 12 (40%). Mean highest ICP in mmHg: 30.1 (SD14.1). There were five (17%) deaths. Findings of NCCT: primarily @entity21 ( @entity21 ) pattern in seven (23%), primarily haematoma in ten (33%), and primarily intracerebral contusion in nine (30%). @entity93 was performed 24.9 (SD 13) hours from @entity130 . There were 18 (60%) @entity1 in the A- @entity93 group and 12 (40.0%) in NA- @entity93 . The A- @entity93 group was older (41.7 (SD16.9) vs 27.7 (SD 12.8): P<0.02) and showed on admission NCCT presence of @entity131 and absence of @entity21 . The degree of hypoperfusion was found to be severe enough to be in the ischaemic range in eight @entity1 (27%). @entity93 altered clinical management in three @entity1 (10%), who were diagnosed with massive and unsurvivable @entity64 despite minimal changes on NCCT. CONCLUSION: When compared to NCCT, @entity93 provided additional diagnostic information in 60% of @entity1 with STBI. @entity93 altered clinical management in 10% of @entity1 .

title: Brain CT perfusion provides additional useful information in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury', 'cerebral contusion']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['DAI', 'diffuse axonal injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transversion mutations are caused by @entity25469 (OG), a DNA lesion produced by the spontaneous oxidation of @entity6989 , which mis-pairs with @entity5536 during replication. Resistance to this mutagenic threat is mediated by the GO system, the components of which are functionally conserved in bacteria and mammals. To date, only one of three GO system components has been identified in the budding @entity375 @entity375 , namely the OG:C-specific glycosylase/lyase @entity16674 . Furthermore, @entity375 has been reported to contain a unique glycosylase/lyase activity, @entity16675 , which excises OG residues opposite adenines. Paradoxically, according to the currently accepted model, @entity16675 activity should increase the mutagenicity of OG lesions. Here we report the isolation of @entity16675 and the elucidation of its role in oxidative mutagenesis. RESULTS: @entity8952 -dependent cross-linking using an OG-containing oligonucleotide substrate led to the isolation of @entity16674 and a second protein, @entity16675 , which had previously been shown to process oxidized @entity6245 in DNA. We demonstrate that @entity16675 has OG-specific glycosylase/lyase activity indistinguishable from that of @entity16675 . Targeted disruption of the @entity16675 gene resulted in complete loss of @entity16675 activity and @entity375 lacking @entity16675 had an elevated rate of A:T to C:G transversions. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity16675 and @entity16675 activities are encoded by a single gene. We propose that @entity16675 has evolved to process OG:A mis-pairs that have arisen through mis-incorporation of @entity32059 during replication. Thus, the GO system in @entity375 is fundamentally distinct from that in bacteria and mammals.

title: Repair of oxidatively damaged guanine in XXXX by an alternative pathway.

entities_list: @entity8952 :: ('CHEBI:30157', 'Chemical') :: ['Borohydride']

entities_list: @entity6245 :: ('MESH:D011743', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidines']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity6989 :: ('MESH:D006150', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine nucleotides']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: To elucidate the role of @entity12550 ( @entity12550 )-releasing hormone (GRH) and @entity1943 (SRIH) in the regulation of the @entity12550 ( @entity12550 ) secretory pattern, we collected portal blood from five unanesthetized ovariectomized ewes for repeated measurements of GRH and SRIH simultaneous with those of peripheral @entity12550 . @entity9646 were measured at 10-min intervals for 5.5 h and their interrelationships analyzed. Mean portal GRH was 20.4 +/- 6.7 (SD) pg/ml and the estimated overall secretion rate was 13 pg/min. GRH secretion was pulsatile with peaks of 25-40 pg/ml and a mean pulse interval of 71 min. Mean portal SRIH was 72 +/- 33 pg/ml and the estimated overall secretion rate was 32 pg/min. SRIH secretion was also pulsatile with peaks of 65-160 pg/ml and a mean pulse interval of 54 min. The @entity12550 pulse interval was 62 min. A significant association was present between GRH and @entity12550 secretory peaks though not between GRH and SRIH or SRIH and @entity12550 . Insulin @entity4053 resulted in a rapid and brief stimulation of SRIH secretion followed by a decline in @entity12550 levels. No effect was observed on GRH secretion until 90 min, when a slight increase occurred. The results suggest (a) the presence of an independent neural rhythmicity of GRH and SRIH secretion with a primary role of GRH in determining pulsatile GRH secretion, and (b) that the inhibitory effects of insulin @entity4053 on GH in this species are attributable to a combination of enhanced SRIH secretion and possibly other factors, though without significant inhibition of GRH.

title: Measurement of growth hormone-releasing hormone and @entity1943 in hypothalamic-portal plasma of unanesthetized sheep. Spontaneous secretion and response to insulin-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity9646 :: ('MESH:D006728', 'Chemical') :: ['Hormones']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Maintenance therapy with rituximab for @entity706 ( @entity706 ) responding to induction at the first-line, significantly increases progression-free survival compared with observation. To estimate the efficiency of this therapeutic option, we performed a cost-effectiveness analysis of maintenance therapy of the @entity706 ( @entity706 ) that responds to induction in first line, with rituximab, compared with the option of "watch and wait" strategy. METHODS: We did a Markov model of the @entity706 , with four health states (progression free survival in first or second line, progression and @entity204 ). The transition probabilities between states were obtained from clinical trials PRIMA and EORTC 20981. Health state utilities were obtained from literature. The use of health resources, from the perspective of the National Health System was estimated by a panel of Spanish clinical experts. Unit costs ( @entity7634 in 2011) were obtained from Spanish sources. Deterministic and probabilistic analyses were made. RESULTS: In the deterministic base case analysis, for a time horizon of 30 years, the cost per life year gained (LYG) and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained, was @entity7634 5,663 and @entity7634 6,253 respectively. The sensitivity analyses confirmed the stability of the base case for time horizons of 10 and 20 years and various statistical distributions (Weibull, exponential, log-logistic, log-normal, Gompertz, and gamma) ranging between @entity7634 4,222 and @entity7634 8,766. Rituximab maintenance is cost-effective from a time horizon of 5.7 years (cost per QALY gained of @entity7634 29,998). CONCLUSION: Compared with observation, rituximab maintenance treatment of the @entity706 that responds to induction therapy in first line, is cost-effective according to the present model.

title: [Cost-effectiveness analysis of maintenance therapy with rituximab in patients with XXXX responding to induction therapy at the first line].

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['FL', 'follicular lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['follicular lymphoma']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The World Health Organization considers an aetiological classification of @entity6 to be essential. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether @entity3098 genotypes facilitate the classification of @entity6 as compared with assessment of islet antibodies by investigating young adult @entity6 @entity1 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Blood samples were available at diagnosis for 1,872 (90%) of the 2,077 young adult @entity1 (aged 15-34 years old) over a 5-year period in the nationwide @entity6 Incidence Study in Sweden. Islet antibodies were measured at diagnosis in 1,869 @entity1 , fasting plasma @entity2690 (fpC-peptide) after diagnosis in 1,522, while @entity3098 genotypes were determined in 1,743. RESULTS: Islet antibodies were found in 83% of @entity1 clinically considered to have type 1 @entity6 , 23% with type 2 @entity6 and 45% with unclassifiable @entity6 . After diagnosis, median fpC-peptide concentrations were markedly lower in @entity1 with islet antibodies than in those without (0.24 vs 0.69 nmol/l, p<0.0001). Irrespective of clinical classification, @entity1 with islet antibodies showed increased frequencies of at least one of the risk-associated @entity3098 genotypes compared with patients without. Antibody-negative @entity1 with risk-associated @entity3098 genotypes had significantly lower median fpC-peptide concentrations than those without risk-associated genotypes (0.51 vs 0.74 nmol/l, p=0.0003). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Assessment of islet antibodies is necessary for the aetiological classification of @entity6 @entity1 . @entity3098 genotyping does not improve the classification in @entity1 with islet antibodies. However, in @entity1 without islet antibodies, @entity3098 genotyping together with @entity2690 measurement may be of value in differentiating between @entity6 .

title: @entity3098 genotypes, islet antibodies and beta cell function in the classification of recent-onset XXXX among young adults in the nationwide @entity6 Incidence Study in Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'idiopathic type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The risk of @entity2316 is partially genetically determined. @entity2316 is linked to a gene locus on chromosome 18q22.3-q23. We aimed to identify the causative gene on chromosome 18 and to study the mechanism by which the product of this gene could be involved in the development of @entity2316 . DNA polymorphisms were determined in 135 case ( @entity2316 ) and 107 control ( @entity6 without @entity8 ) subjects. The effect of @entity9880 on the production of extracellular matrix components and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) after exposure to 5 and 25 mmol/l @entity413 was studied in cultured @entity1 podocytes and mesangial cells, respectively. A trinucleotide repeat in exon 2 of the @entity14448 gene, coding for a @entity368 repeat in the leader peptide of the @entity14448 precursor, was associated with @entity8 . The shortest allelic form ( @entity14448 Mannheim) was more common in the absence of @entity8 (P = 0.0028, odds ratio 2.56 [95% CI 1.36-4.84]) and was associated with lower serum carnosinase levels. @entity9880 inhibited the increased production of fibronectin and collagen type VI in podocytes and the increased production of TGF-beta in mesangial cells induced by 25 mmol/l @entity413 . @entity6 @entity1 with the @entity14448 Mannheim variant are less susceptible for @entity8 . @entity9880 protects against the adverse effects of high @entity413 levels on renal cells.

title: @entity9880 as a protective factor in XXXX : association with a @entity368 repeat of the carnosinase gene @entity14448 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'Diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity9880 :: ('MESH:D002336', 'Chemical') :: ['Carnosine', 'carnosine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'd-glucose']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Carriers of the @entity51589 719Arg variant may be at increased risk for CVD and may benefit more from statin therapy, in terms of CVD risk reduction, than noncarriers. Our objective was to investigate whether carriers of the @entity51589 719Arg genetic variant ( @entity51590 ) are at increased cardiovascular risk and obtain more benefit from high-dose statin therapy than do noncarriers. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used an adjusted Cox proportional hazard model to assess the hazard ratio (HR) for the reduction of major cardiovascular events by 80 mg/d @entity2993 over 10 mg/d @entity2993 in 4599 @entity1 of the Treating to New Targets (TNT) study and by 80 mg/d @entity2993 over 20-40 mg/d @entity3413 in 6541 @entity1 of the Incremental Decrease in End Points Through Aggressive Lipid-Lowering (IDEAL) study. A total of 381 and 648 @entity1 had a cardiovascular event during follow-up in TNT and IDEAL, respectively. Heterozygotes and homozygotes for the minor allele were not at increased risk compared with noncarriers. In TNT, for noncarriers of the 719 @entity534 allele, the HR for high- versus low-dose @entity2993 was 0.81 (95% confidence interval, 0.59-1.11). In carriers of 1 or 2 minor alleles, the HR was 0.85 (0.66-1.11) and carriers of 2 copies of the minor allele obtained a significant risk reduction (HR: 0.44, 95% confidence interval, 0.23-0.84). In IDEAL, the respective HRs were 0.85 (0.67-1.10), 0.88 (0.62-1.07) and 0.91 (0.58-1.43). The interaction term for carrier status by treatment was also nonsignificant (P=0.810 in TNT and P=0.909 in IDEAL). CONCLUSIONS: In these 2 large, randomized clinical trials, carriers of the @entity51589 719Arg allele were not at increased cardiovascular risk and did not obtain consistent cardiovascular benefit from high-dose statin therapy compared with noncarriers.

title: The 719Arg variant of @entity51589 and cardiovascular outcomes in statin-treated, stable coronary XXXX of the treating to new targets and incremental decrease in end points through aggressive lipid-lowering prospective studies.

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Chronic @entity520 may increase alkali mobilization from bone and thus promote the development of @entity170 . While it is undisputed that overt @entity520 is associated with @entity2331 , @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity11810 has not been studied systematically. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of @entity8 defects in @entity1 with 'primary' @entity170 . Thirty-two @entity1 (including 10 premenopausal @entity1 ) and 16 @entity1 who were referred to our department for investigation of @entity170 were enrolled in this study. @entity1 with obvious or possible secondary @entity170 were excluded. None of the @entity1 had overt @entity520 . In random urine samples 12 of the 48 @entity1 had pH levels below 5.5 and were therefore considered to have normal @entity8 . The remaining 36 @entity1 underwent further testing by a short-course oral @entity5819 load. In this test nine of these 36 @entity1 (7 @entity1 and 2 premenopausal @entity1 ) failed to lower urinary pH below 5.5 despite the induction of systemic @entity520 . In these @entity1 , therefore, the diagnosis of incomplete @entity8 was made (RTA I). @entity1 with incomplete RTA I had significantly lower spontaneous plasma pH (7.38 +/- 0.0081 vs 7.41 +/- 0.004, mean +/- SEM, p = 0.002), a lower serum @entity3157 concentration (21.9 +/- 0.49 mmol/l vs 23.1 +/- 0.24 mmol/l, p = 0.034), a lower base excess (-2.33 +/- 0.42 mmol/l vs -0.55 +/- 0.21 mmol/l, p = 0.001) and lower Z-scores in bone densitometry (-2.18 +/- 0.27 vs -1.40 +/- 0.15, p = 0.028) than @entity1 with normal @entity8 . In conclusion, a high prevalence of incomplete RTA I (in 44% of the male @entity1 , 20% of the premenopausal female @entity1 and 6% of all female @entity1 ) was found in @entity1 with @entity170 who, without testing, would have been diagnosed as having 'primary' @entity170 . The mild @entity520 observed in these @entity1 may have contributed to loss of bone mass by a compensatory mobilization of alkali and @entity460 from bone. Because of possible therapeutic consequences (e.g., administration of alkali salts and high doses of @entity560 ) we propose that measurements of urinary pH and, if necessary, @entity5819 testing should be included in the diagnostic investigation especially of male and of premenopausal female @entity1 with @entity170 . Since referral bias, although unlikely, cannot be excluded in our study, the prevalence of RTA I in unselected @entity1 with @entity170 needs to be determined at primary screening institutions.

title: Incomplete @entity8 in 'primary' XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal acidification', 'distal renal tubular acidosis']

entities_list: @entity11810 :: ('MESH:C537700', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic bone disease']

entities_list: @entity5819 :: ('MESH:D000643', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium chloride']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a @entity15438 - @entity6839 fixed combination (DTFC) on intraocular pressure (IOP), @entity551 (BP), ocular perfusion pressure (OPP), and diastolic ocular perfusion pressure (DOPP) in @entity1 with normal-tension @entity726 (NTG). METHODS: A prospective, interventional, single-blind, single-center study was conducted. Newly diagnosed NTG @entity1 that had not been treated with a @entity726 medication in the most recent 4  weeks were included. @entity1 were examined at baseline (without medication) and week 4 (under medication). Baseline IOP, HR, systolic and diastolic BP, OPP, and DOPP were measured at 8  am, 12  pm, and 4  pm. At week 4, IOP, HR, systolic and diastolic BP, OPP, and DOPP were measured at 10  am and 8  pm as well. RESULTS: After 4  weeks of DTFC treatment, IOP was significantly reduced at all time points (1.6-2.6  mmHg, P  <  0.001), and the average IOP reduction was 14.4  %. HR and systolic BP showed no statistically significant difference at all time points; however, diastolic BP was decreased significantly at 12  pm and 4  pm (P  =  0.004 and 0.001). OPP and DOPP showed no statistical significant difference after DTFC. CONCLUSIONS: DTFC has favorable effects on IOP and can be used without concerns of DOPP in @entity1 with NTG.

title: Effects of a @entity15438 / XXXX fixed combination on diurnal intraocular pressure, heart rate, blood pressure, and ocular perfusion pressure in normal-tension @entity726 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity15438 :: ('MESH:C062765', 'Chemical') :: ['dorzolamide']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate (HR), blood pressure']

answer: @entity6839 :: (MESH:D013999,Chemical) :: ['timolol']


abstract: @entity66 is a major complication of type 2 @entity6 . Epidemiological data suggest that the risk of macrovascular complications may predate the onset of @entity4854 . @entity2298 , low levels of HDL @entity165 , and an atherogenic profile characterize the insulin resistance/ @entity209 that is also prevalent among nondiabetic members of familial type 2 @entity6 kindreds. To identify the genes for lipid-related traits, we first performed a 10-cM genome scan using 440 markers in 379 members of 19 multiplex families ascertained for two @entity6 siblings (screening study). We then extended findings for three regions with initial logarithm of odds (LOD) scores >1.5 to an additional 23 families, for a total of 576 genotyped individuals (extended study). We found heritabilities for all lipid measures in the range of 0.31 to 0.52, similar to those reported by others in unselected families. However, we found the strongest evidence for linkage of @entity412 levels to chromosome 19q13.2, very close to the @entity8623 / @entity2204 / @entity45925 / @entity7590 gene cluster (LOD 2.56) in the screening study; the LOD increased to 3.16 in the extended study. @entity412 -to-HDL @entity165 ratios showed slightly lower LOD scores (2.73, extended family) in this same location. Other regions with LOD scores >2.0 included HDL linkage to chromosome 1q21-q23, where susceptibility loci for both @entity2175 and familial combined @entity407 have been mapped, and to chromosome 2q in the region of the @entity45926 locus. Neither region showed stronger evidence for linkage in the extended studies, however. Our results suggest that genes in or near the @entity2204 / @entity8623 / @entity45925 / @entity7590 cluster on 19q13.2 may contribute to the commonly observed @entity2298 and low HDL seen in @entity6 and their offspring, and thus may be a candidate locus for the @entity1720 .

title: Quantitative trait linkage analysis of lipid-related traits in @entity2175 : evidence for linkage of XXXX levels to chromosome 19q.

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertriglyceridemia', 'hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['familial type 2 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Macrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic family members']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['insulin resistance syndrome']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglyceride', 'triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity412 :: (CHEBI:17855,Chemical) :: ['triglyceride']


abstract: Twenty-five @entity1 with biopsy proven malignant supratentorial @entity816 were entered into a Phase I/II study of @entity8712 combined with neutron radiation at Fermilab Neutron Therapy Facility (NTF) between August 1979 and April 1981. The main objectives were to determine tissue tolerance in terms of acute and late effects, and to estimate @entity5 clearance and survival rates. The total dose was 18.0 Gy given in weekly fractions of 3.0 Gy over 39 days. Four hours before each irradiation, 2.5 gm/m2 @entity8712 was administered orally. @entity1 ' ages ranged from 28-69 years. Karnofsky status for most @entity1 was 80 or 90; the lowest grade was 60. The majority of @entity1 had @entity463 multiforms. Most were already on @entity230 prior to initiation of therapy. The median survival for the whole group was 12.0 months; 25% were alive at 18 months with some neurological compromise. The median survival remained unchanged for subgroups of @entity1 with ages between 40-60 years and with Karnofsky performance status above 80. Among the 19 @entity1 with @entity463 multiforme, the median survival was 10 months. Acute @entity137 was within tolerable limits. Details of @entity137 and tissue analysis from post mortems and second craniotomy samples are presented.

title: Fast neutrons and @entity8712 for malignant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8712 :: ('MESH:D008920', 'Chemical') :: ['misonidazole']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['astrocytomas']


abstract: @entity6510 ( @entity6510 ) are an important modulatory site for emotional behavior. However, little is known on the effects of @entity6510 ligands on emotionality aspects of primates, even with their highly similar behavioral response and receptor density/distribution as @entity1 . Thus, we analyzed the effects of the @entity6510 agonist @entity10024 (WIN; 1mg/kg) and the antagonist @entity14513 (AM; 2mg/kg), systemically administered prior to a single brief (15 min) exposure to a novel open-field (OF) environment, on the behavior of individually tested adult black tufted-ear marmosets. Both WIN- and AM-treated subjects, compared to vehicle controls, had significantly lower rates of long (contact) calls and exploration, while higher levels of vigilance-related behaviors (scan/glance); these are indicators of anxiolysis in this setup. Changes in locomotion were not detected. However, in the vehicle and AM-groups, sojourn in the peripheral zone of the OF was significantly higher than in its central region. WIN-treated marmosets spent an equivalent amount of time in both zones. Therefore, activation or blockade @entity6510 function prior to a short and individual exposure to an unfamiliar environment exerted a significant and complex influence on different behavioral indicators of @entity148 in these monkeys (i.e., a partially overlapping anxiolytic-like profile). @entity14513 , however, has no anxiolytic effect when the time spent in the center of the OF is considered. This is a major difference when compared to the WIN-treated group. Data were compared to the response profile reported in other pre-clinical (rodent) and clinical studies.

title: Cannabinoid type 1 receptor ligands XXXX and @entity14513 alter @entity148 -like behaviors of marmoset monkeys in an open-field test.

entities_list: @entity6510 :: ('1268', 'Gene') :: ['CB1r', 'Cannabinoid type 1 receptors']

answer: @entity10024 :: (MESH:C070417,Chemical) :: ['WIN 55,212-2']


abstract: B lymphopoiesis is selectively suppressed in normal pregnant @entity19 , suggesting that fluctuations in systemic hormone levels might influence local events within bone marrow. This has now been tested by sustained experimental elevation of sex @entity230 by hormone-containing pellet implants. We found that while numbers of total nucleated cells declined after treatment with @entity1815 , @entity10769 , or @entity11111 , there was preferential suppression of B-lymphocyte lineage precursors. @entity1420 pellets had no effect when used alone, but @entity19 exposed to @entity1420 were sensitive to several-logarithm lower concentrations of @entity172 . Changes in subpopulations of B-lymphocyte lineage cells with hormone pellets were similar to those previously recorded in pregnancy. B-lymphocyte lineage precursors in male and female @entity19 were sensitive to these sex hormones. Acute treatment with single injections of water-soluble @entity10769 allowed temporal effects on B-lineage cells to be documented. With this protocol, total numbers of nucleated cells and myeloid progenitor cells remained unchanged. @entity10191 -responsive precursors dramatically declined within 1 day of injection, suggesting that @entity172 influences that stage in the B-lymphocyte lineage. There was a subsequent sharp drop in small pre-B cells 4 days after this transient elevation in @entity172 . These experiments demonstrate that B lymphopoiesis is sensitive to negative regulation by sex @entity230 . They extend findings made with pregnant animals and parallel previous studies of the thymus. Sex @entity230 might contribute to control of steady-state lymphopoiesis, and fluctuations in their levels could have implications for @entity1 disease.

title: Pregnancy-related XXXX are potential negative regulators of B lymphopoiesis.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity10769 :: ('CHEBI:16469', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-estradiol']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: A recently developed technique for dynamic anal manometry was used to study 40 healthy volunteers and 23 @entity1 with @entity1241 . Seven parameters of anal function were measured. Intraindividual variation of the parameters was studied in 5 females and 5 males. The results of dynamic anal manometry were compared with standard pull-through static anal manometry and correlated well. During opening of the anal sphincter at rest, compliance increased with increasing distension. Males had higher maximal closing pressures during squeeze and lower anal compliance during squeeze than females. There was no sex differences of the sphincter measurements at rest. Age had little effect, and gender had no effect on the measurements. With standard anal manometry, 6 of 23 @entity1 with @entity1241 both had maximal resting pressure and maximal squeeze pressure within the normal range. When dynamic anal manometry was used, all 23 @entity1 showed one or more abnormal values. The method of dynamic anal manometry provides an opportunity for a more thorough assessment of anal sphincter function than previous manometric methods.

title: Dynamic anal manometry: physiological variations and pathophysiological findings in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['fecal incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity5 is a relatively rare @entity5 , making up approximately 0.4% of all new diagnoses of @entity5 .(1) The incidence of @entity5 , however, has increased in recent years.(2) The aim of this paper is to review current treatment of @entity957 (SCC), the most common type of @entity5 . METHODS: This review article focuses on recent and ongoing trials studying the outcomes of various chemoradiotherapy (CRT) regimens in the treatment of anal SCC. PubMed was initially searched for relevant trials. This search was then supplemented by hand searches of reference lists and abstracts of relevant conferences. MAIN FINDINGS: CRT with @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) has been proven to have effective results in the treatment of anal SCC. Salvage surgery has a role in some @entity1 in the treatment of persistent or recurrent disease beyond 26 weeks. The addition of induction or maintenance chemotherapy to CRT has not been shown to have any benefit. CONCLUSIONS: Primary CRT with @entity1139 and @entity1487 is the current standard treatment for anal SCC. There is currently no role for induction or maintenance chemotherapy.

title: Chemoradiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'anal cancer', 'Anal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['anal squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['anal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity6560 pyrrole ( @entity43944 ), a putative, toxic metabolite of @entity6560 , induces delayed and progressive @entity651 , @entity6980 , and @entity120 in @entity35 . The @entity651 is characterized by increased wet lung-to-body weight ratio followed by increases in @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and protein concentration in the cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and increased cellularity of BALF. We evaluated total LDH activity and isozyme patterns in the tissues, cell lysates, sera and cell-free BALF of @entity35 after treatment with @entity43944 to determine the source of increased LDH activity. Male @entity35 were given a single injection of @entity43944 (3.5 mg/kg) or an equal volume of the @entity6442 ( @entity9104 ) vehicle in the tail vein on Day 0. @entity35 were killed at 4, 8, or 14 days after toxicant administration, and several markers of @entity651 , LDH activity, and isozyme patterns of various tissues, cells, and body fluids were determined. At 8 and 14 days, the lungs from @entity43944 -treated @entity35 had multifocal, irregularly shaped lesions of @entity548 and consolidation. At Day 14 only, the hearts of @entity43944 -treated @entity35 appeared enlarged and there was right @entity1184 . @entity35 treated with @entity43944 had no macroscopic lesions in kidneys, liver, or skeletal muscle. Compared to controls, @entity43944 -treated animals had no change in total LDH activity or isozyme patterns of samples of lungs, heart, skeletal muscle, liver, kidneys, or erythrocyte lysates. Changes in LDH activity in the cell-free BALF and BALF cell pellet from @entity35 treated with @entity43944 were characterized by increases in isozymes LDH4 and LDH5 and an elevated LDH4/LDH5 ratio in the BALF only. Our results suggest the most probable source of the increased LDH activity in cell-free BALF of @entity43944 -treated @entity35 originates from the lung tissue and is consistent with a contribution from the pulmonary vascular endothelium, a source rich in LDH4. A combination of plasma, macrophages, and neutrophils in the pulmonary tissue may also have made minor contributions to the increase in cell-free BALF LDH activity, particularly to the activity of LDH5.

title: XXXX dehydrogenase activity and isozyme patterns in tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from @entity35 treated with monocrotaline pyrrole.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['cardioventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity6560 :: ('MESH:D016686', 'Chemical') :: ['monocrotaline', 'Monocrotaline']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity6980 :: ('MESH:D066253', 'Disease') :: ['vascular remodeling']

entities_list: @entity6442 :: ('MESH:D004126', 'Chemical') :: ['N,N-dimethylformamide']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['Lactate']


abstract: Placenta previa, @entity8052 , and @entity46713 are important causes of @entity548 in the second half of pregnancy and in labor. Risk factors for @entity5030 include prior cesarean delivery, pregnancy termination, intrauterine surgery, smoking, multifetal gestation, increasing parity, and maternal age. The diagnostic modality of choice for @entity5030 is transvaginal ultrasonography, and @entity1 with a @entity5030 should be delivered by cesarean. Small studies suggest that, when the placenta to cervical os distance is greater than 2 cm, @entity1 may safely have a vaginal delivery. Regional anesthesia for cesarean delivery in @entity1 with @entity5030 is safe. Delivery should take place at an institution with adequate blood banking facilities. The incidence of @entity8052 is rising, primarily because of the rise in cesarean delivery rates. This condition can be associated with massive @entity190 at delivery. Prenatal diagnosis by imaging, followed by planning of peripartum management by a multidisciplinary team, may help reduce morbidity and mortality. @entity1 known to have @entity8052 should be delivered by cesarean, and no attempt should be made to separate the placenta at the time of delivery. The majority of @entity1 with significant degrees of @entity8052 will require a hysterectomy. Although successful conservative management has been described, there are currently insufficient data to recommend this approach to management routinely. @entity46713 carries a risk of fetal exsanguination and death when the membranes rupture. The condition can be diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound examination. Good outcomes depend on prenatal diagnosis and cesarean delivery before the membranes rupture.

title: Placenta previa, XXXX , and @entity46713 .

entities_list: @entity46713 :: ('MESH:D055949', 'Disease') :: ['Vasa previa', 'vasa previa']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5030 :: ('MESH:D010923', 'Disease') :: ['complete placenta previa', 'placenta previa']

entities_list: @entity8052 :: ('MESH:D010921', 'Disease') :: ['placenta accreta']

answer: @entity8052 :: (MESH:D010921,Disease) :: ['placenta accreta']


abstract: Staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may provide an ideal clinical model for the study of central sensitization. In staged TKA, @entity1931 may be induced as a result of repeated @entity3816 possibly via central sensitization, which can decrease functional outcomes. Therefore, we hypothesized that in staged bilateral TKA, @entity1 would have greater @entity158 in the second operated knee than in the first. Thirty @entity1 undergoing staged bilateral TKA at a 1-week interval were enrolled. @entity282 , which was reported on the basis of a visual analog scale (VAS; primary outcome) at rest and at maximum knee flexion, and the amount of @entity1 -controlled analgesic (i.v. @entity3575 ) and rescue analgesic (i.v. @entity7988 ; secondary outcomes) administered during the 48 h after the operation, were compared between the first and second TKA. VAS scores at rest and at maximum knee flexion were greater on the second operated knee (P<.001 and P<.01, respectively). The cumulative amounts of @entity1 -controlled analgesic and the rescue analgesic were greater in the second than in the first TKA (P<.001 and P<.05, respectively). @entity1 undergoing staged bilateral TKA experience greater @entity282 in the second operated knee than the first. This suggests extension of @entity1931 beyond the initially injured site to remote regions after @entity3816 , in which central sensitization may be involved. Therapeutic approaches to reduce such @entity1931 induced in the course of staged operations are required.

title: XXXX in the first and second knee in staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty: clinical evidence of enhanced @entity158 sensitivity after @entity3816 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['surgical injury']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['Comparison of postoperative pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Rapidly progressive @entity631 is characterized by glomerular necroinflammation and crescent formation. Its treatment includes unspecific and toxic agents; therefore, the identification of novel therapeutic targets is required. The E3-ubiquitin ligase @entity19 double minute (MDM)-2 is a nonredundant element of NF-kB signaling and the negative regulator of @entity5 suppressor gene @entity186 -mediated cell cycle  arrest and cell death. We hypothesized that the @entity1231 would drive crescentic @entity631 by  NF-kB-dependent @entity8 and by @entity186 -dependent parietal epithelial cell hyperproliferation. Indeed, the pre-emptive @entity1231 blockade by nutlin-3a ameliorated all aspects of crescentic @entity631 . @entity1231 inhibition had identical protective effects in @entity186 -deficient @entity19 , with the exception of crescent formation, which was not influenced by nutlin-3a treatment. In  vitro experiments confirmed the contribution of @entity1231 for induction of NF-kB-dependent cytokines in @entity19 glomerular endothelial cells and for @entity186 -dependent parietal epithelial cell proliferation. To evaluate @entity1231 blockade as a potential therapeutic intervention in rapidly progressive @entity631 , we treated @entity19 with established @entity631 with nutlin-3a. Delayed onset of nutlin-3a treatment was equally protective as the pre-emptive treatment in abrogating crescentic @entity631 . Together, the pathogenic effects of @entity1231 are twofold, that is, @entity186 -independent NF-kB activation increasing intraglomerular inflammation and @entity186 -dependent parietal epithelial cell @entity1373 and crescent formation. We therefore propose @entity1231 blockade as a potential novel therapeutic strategy in rapidly progressive @entity631 .

title: XXXX Double Minute-2 Inhibition Ameliorates Established Crescentic @entity631 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity12534 is a necrotic @entity1333 affecting small and medium vessels. The etiology of this disease known to have an autoimmune background remains unclear. The @entity12534 is progressive and may involve multiple organs. Clinical manifestations are variegate, impeding the diagnosis. Typical symptoms include @entity565 , @entity1712 , mono- and @entity305 , @entity1244 , @entity358 and heart involvement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present a case of a @entity1 with @entity565 who developed chronic @entity1244 of the ethmoid, maxillary, and paranasal sinuses at the age of 37 years and was operated four times for this reason. At this age the @entity1 also developed bilateral exophthalmos; normal thyroid function stood against the diagnosis of @entity1374 . The @entity1 was treated by an ophthalmologist with glucocorticosteroids for three years. Glucocorticosteroids were withdrawn at the age of 40 years because of chronic @entity788 . The @entity1 suffered @entity583 at the age of 41 years and was diagnosed with the @entity12534 at the age of 44 years. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity12534 is a rare @entity262 with a variable course and variegate clinical manifestations which may be the reason for diagnostic difficulties.

title: [Bilateral exophthalmos requiring rheumatologic consultation. A case of the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity12534 :: ('MESH:D015267', 'Disease') :: ['Churg-Strauss syndrome']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid orbitopathy']

answer: @entity12534 :: (MESH:D015267,Disease) :: ['Churg-Strauss syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We describe a 56-year-old @entity1 admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of @entity583 without an increase of serum @entity908 kinase (CK) activity during her clinical course. She died on the 11th hospital day, and the diagnosis was confirmed by autopsy. The @entity1 had had no previous muscular symptoms. METHODS: Expression of the @entity16410 ( @entity16410 ) protein in cardiac tissue was examined by immunoblotting and immunochemical staining. @entity16410 mRNA expression was estimated by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Gene structure of @entity16410 was determined by Southern blotting and direct sequencing of 2251 bp. Existence of a point mutation in the @entity16410 gene was examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR products (PCR-RFLP) in the @entity1 and in 108 controls. RESULTS: @entity16410 protein in the myocardial tissue of the @entity1 was substantially lower (103 +/- 7 ng/mg protein) than in control myocardial tissue (35 800 +/- 2860 ng/mg protein). Immunoreactive @entity16410 in the @entity1 tissue sample was 0.3% of the value for the control sample. @entity16410 mRNA was 53-fold less in the @entity1 sample compared with the control. This very low expression of @entity16410 mRNA was considered to be the primary reason for @entity16410 deficiency. Direct sequencing revealed a point mutation at residue 54 in exon 2, which was specific for the @entity1 . No other abnormalities were found in the @entity16410 gene of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This report identifies a molecular abnormality in @entity1 @entity12424 and discusses the physiologic relevance of @entity16410 .

title: @entity908 kinase gene mutation in a @entity1 with muscle @entity908 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12424 :: ('MESH:C538138', 'Disease') :: ['CK deficiency']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity12424 :: (MESH:C538138,Disease) :: ['kinase deficiency']


abstract: Multiple synonymous substitution mutations in the @entity31667 P3 cistron did not affect translation in vitro but rendered the virus incapable of @entity281 . Multiple synonymous substitutions in the cylindrical inclusion cistron did not alter infectivity or in vitro translation. To assess replication and movement phenotypes, P3 mutations were placed in context with a GUS reporter gene. GUS activity measured in @entity2247 protoplasts 36 h post-transfection indicated that mutants with synonymous substitutions in P3 retained the ability to replicate at 22-80 % of wild-type levels. Almost no GUS activity was detected in protoplasts transfected with a P3 frame-shift mutant. Histochemical GUS assays conducted 3 days post-inoculation (p.i.) revealed genomes with multiple synonymous substitutions in P3, which were able to establish @entity281 foci limited to small clusters of cells that increased in size only slightly by 5 days p.i. Infection foci produced by wild-type @entity31667 -expressing GUS were much larger at 3 days p.i. and had coalesced by 5 days p.i. No GUS activity was detected in plants inoculated with the frame-shift mutant bearing GUS. Three of four mutants, each with a single synonymous substitution in the 3'-proximal half of the P3 cistron, were wild-type with respect to systemic infectivity. A model RNA secondary structure obtained for the region was disrupted by the debilitating single mutation but not by the other three single mutations. Collectively, these results identify an internal RNA sequence element in the P3 cistron that affects both replication and movement of the viral genome.

title: An internal RNA element in the P3 cistron of XXXX revealed by synonymous mutations that affect both movement and replication.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity31667 :: ('31741', 'Species') :: ['Wheat streak mosaic virus']

answer: @entity31667 :: (31741,Species) :: ['Wheat streak mosaic virus']


abstract: @entity8452 receptors (RyRs) are located in the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum membrane and are a distinct class of ligand-gated @entity460 channels controlling the release of @entity460 from intracellular stores. Intracellular @entity460 level has a definite role in innate and adaptive immune signaling. However, very few information are accessible about @entity460 transients of invertebrate immunocytes, especially of insect hemocytes, the effector cells of insect immunity. In this study, we show that the RyR-stimulating agent @entity50868 inhibit hemocyte spreading and phagocytosis in the @entity1762 butterfly, @entity1762 . Furthermore, we cloned a cDNA encoding a @entity8452 receptor (PrRyR) from the hemocytes of @entity1762 . It encodes 5107 @entity1522 with a predicted molecular weight of 578.2 kDa. PrRyR shares a common feature with known RyRs: a well-conserved @entity1473 -terminal domain with two consensus @entity460 -binding EF-hands and six transmembrane domains, and a large hydrophilic @entity2733 -terminal domain. In the larval stage, PrRyR was highly expressed in epidermis tissue and also expressed in hemocytes at a moderate level. In the adult stage, PrRyR was expressed at high levels in thoraces and legs, while low levels in abdomens and antennae. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that its expression did not display any significant change in response to bacterial challenge. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry assay displayed that PrRyR was detected and presented on hemocytes. We also showed that @entity50868 , a RyR-activating insecticide, induced @entity141 release and thereby confirmed functional expression of the PrRyR in the hemocytes of @entity1762 .

title: Molecular and cellular analyses of a XXXX receptor from hemocytes of @entity1762 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine', 'Ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity1762 :: ('64459', 'Species') :: ['Pieris rapae', 'cabbage white', 'P. rapae']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity50868 :: ('MESH:C508762', 'Chemical') :: ['flubendiamide']

answer: @entity8452 :: (MESH:D012433,Chemical) :: ['ryanodine']


abstract: Previously unidentified forms of @entity2900 -induced @entity1159 have been investigated in chronically denervated @entity35 extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle at 20 degrees C. Contractures were assigned to groups 1-6 on the basis of the peak tension ( @entity49201 ) during 0-10 min exposure to the drug (3.0 x 10(-5) M), (7.0 x 10(-6) M), and (3.5 x 10(-6) M) and the subsequent retention, increase, or decrease in tension ( @entity44325 ), during the further 10 min. It is proposed that four stages exist in the development of contractile changes at 1-7, 8-35, 36-70 and 70-130 days after denervation (DPD) and that contractility is lost at 147 days after denervation. Initial changes, although present in EDL muscles in group 1 at 2.0 DPD s.d. +/- 1 (n = 7) in response to the drug (3.0 x 10(-5) M), were more apparent in EDL muscles in group 2 which were identified at 5.5 DPD s.d. +/- 1.6 (n = 7) by an excessive @entity1159 response ( @entity44325 ) to the drug (3.0 x 10(-5) M), 18.3 mN s.d. +/- 10.6. At 5.0 DPD s.d. +/- 2.7 (n = 5) @entity1159 tension ( @entity44325 ) was commensurate with membrane depolarization, 13.1 mN/33.1 mV, but residual tension increased to 23.3 mN during the Krebs wash (80 min) whilst membrane depolarization decreased to 9.2 mV. Also, at 4.3 DPD s.d. +/- 2.3 (n = 5) tension ( @entity44325 ) increased significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) in the presence of @entity5834 (4.1 x 10(-3) M).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effects of fructose 1,6-diphosphate, XXXX and dantrolene sodium on @entity2900 -induced @entity1159 in denervated @entity35 skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture', 'contractures']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['suxamethonium']

answer: @entity5834 :: (MESH:D002110,Chemical) :: ['caffeine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Maturation of the endothelium and the adjacent matrix was characterized in @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 . The influence of FACIT collagen XII and @entity50862 on the morphology, maturation, and function of the corneal endothelium was examined. METHODS: Analysis of the endothelium and @entity195 ( @entity195 ) was performed using transmission electron microscopy at postnatal day (P)4, @entity27264 , and @entity8919 in @entity164 , @entity50863 (-/-), @entity44931 (-/-), and @entity50863 (-/-)/ @entity44931 (-/-) @entity19 . Endothelial junctions were analyzed using @entity23453 . The presence of endothelial-stromal communications was evaluated with @entity6286 staining as well as electron microscopy. Finally, corneal thickness was assessed. RESULTS: A thin @entity195 , clefts between endothelial cells and @entity195 , and large "vacuole-like" structures were present in the endothelial cells of @entity164 @entity19 at P4 but not noted at @entity8919 . The endothelia of @entity50863 (-/-), @entity44931 (-/-), and compound @entity50863 (-/-)/ @entity44931 (-/-) in the @entity8919 @entity267 maintained the vacuole-like structures seen at P4. A mature endothelial junction pattern was delayed in the null corneas. Expression of @entity23453 in @entity164 endothelia at @entity27264 was diffuse and localized to the basolateral and apical cell membrane. At @entity8919 , staining was localized to intercellular junctions. @entity23453 reactivity was patchy in @entity50863 (-/-), @entity44931 (-/-), and compound @entity50863 (-/-)/ @entity44931 (-/-) corneas at @entity27264 and @entity8919 . Stromal thickness was increased in @entity8919 null corneas. Endothelial cell processes were demonstrated penetrating the @entity195 and into the underlying stroma, throughout the entire endothelial layer in the P4 @entity267 . CONCLUSIONS: Collagen XII and XIV null @entity19 demonstrate delayed endothelial maturation. The structural alterations suggest functional changes in endothelial function resulting in increased corneal thickness. Endothelial-stromal interactions suggest a pathway for signal transduction.

title: Abnormal corneal endothelial maturation in collagen XII and XIV null XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6286 :: ('MESH:D010590', 'Chemical') :: ['phalloidin']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['DM', "Descemet's membrane"]

entities_list: @entity50862 :: ('MESH:C567859', 'Disease') :: ['XIV deficiency']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Antegrade perfusion for type A acute aortic dissection prevents malperfusion and @entity999 during cardiopulmonary bypass. Prompt establishment of antegrade perfusion via ascending aorta may improve the surgical results of type A dissections, especially in the situations of @entity1344 . Thus, we evaluated the efficacy of use of the dissected ascending aorta as an alternative arterial inflow. METHODS: Between 2002 and 2006, 32 @entity1 underwent prosthetic graft replacement of the ascending aorta or hemiarch for @entity697 . The ascending aorta was routinely cannulated, in addition to the femoral artery, with a heparin-coating flexible cannula for arterial inflow, using Seldinger technique, and by epiaortic ultrasonographic guidance (n=6). Antegrade systemic perfusion via ascending aorta was performed. RESULTS: Ascending aorta cannulation was safely performed in all cases. There was no malperfusion or @entity1031 due to ascending aorta cannulation. Cardiopulmonary bypass was established within 30 min after skin incision. There was one in-hospital death due to @entity548 (1/32=3.1%), two cases of @entity385 (2/32=6.3%), and one case of @entity1151 . Twenty-nine @entity1 (29/32=90.6%) were discharged in New York Heart Association class I and have been followed up uneventfully for a mean of 17 months. CONCLUSIONS: Antegrade perfusion via the ascending aorta was successfully performed with low mortality and morbidity. With ultrasound-guided Seldinger technique, ascending aorta cannulation has a potential to be a simple and safe option that enables rapid establishment of antegrade systemic perfusion in @entity1 with @entity697 .

title: Ascending aorta cannulation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute type A aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['retrograde cerebral embolism']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute type A aortic dissection']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To compare the inter-rater reliability of using a modified finger goniometer (MFG) for the measurement of isolated @entity717 for @entity1 with distal radius fractures to the currently accepted technique for isolated forearm measurement. INTRODUCTION: The currently accepted method of forearm measurement requires the assessor to visually estimate vertical for the stationary arm and placement of the moveable arm while placing a straight edge along a curved surface. Inter-rater reliability may be limited as assessors may estimate the placement of the goniometer arms differently depending on their experience, posture, and even their positioning relative to the @entity1 . Rather than continue to place a straight edge on a round surface, we evaluate a new technique using an MFG for measuring isolated @entity717 . METHODS: @entity1 with clinically healed distal radius fractures were enrolled in the study. Measurement of active forearm pronation and supination was recorded using 2 separate measurement techniques. These measurements were taken by 2 separate hand therapists with more than 10 years of clinical experience in a tertiary care setting at the beginning and end of hand therapy sessions for 3 consecutive weekly visits. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard error of measurement, and minimal detectable change were calculated for each technique. RESULTS: The point estimates for the MFG method demonstrated a slightly higher ICC than the standard method for pronation (0.86 vs 0.82). For supination, both measurement techniques displayed equally high pooled ICCs (0.95). The standard error of measurements for the MFG were 2.1 for pronation and 1.2 for supination compared with 2.9 (pronation) and 1.2 (supination) for the standard technique. These translate into 90% minimal detectable changes of 5   and 3   for the MFG pronation/supination compared with 7   (pronation) and 3   (supination) for the standard technique, respectively. DISCUSSION: Although the point estimates for the ICCs of the MFG method are equal or higher than the standard method, the confidence intervals for the ICCs overlap, indicating that the MFG is at least equivalent to the standard method in terms of inter-rater reliability. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2b.

title: The inter-rater reliability of the modified finger goniometer for measuring XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['forearm rotation']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['forearm rotation']


abstract: @entity1377 and @entity189 are types of differentiated @entity259 , develop from the same thyroid follicular epithelial cells and show distinct biological behavior. Although several studies have demonstrated differences in the biological characteristics of these @entity189 , little is known about the genetic backgrounds that underlie these differences. The clarification of the genetic background can lead to the understanding of @entity105 , proper therapeutic strategies, and development of the molecular targeting drugs. Recently, aberrant activation of RAS-RAF-MEK-MAP kinase signaling pathway is frequently found in @entity259 . The pathway transmits a mitogenic signal to the nucleus, and constitutive activation of the pathway is thought to promote uncontrolled cell division. In our series, @entity817 mutation was detected exclusively in @entity1377 (54%), and was exclusively @entity47321 (a single @entity377 change of @entity1129 at @entity377 1796). @entity8497 mutation was observed in @entity189 (50%) and in @entity189 (28%), and was exclusively @entity15027 (a single @entity377 change of A-G at @entity377 182). No mutations were found in @entity984 or @entity8498 . In this chapter, we explain the role of RAS-RAF-MEK-MAP kinase pathway in @entity105 of the thyroid and its clinical implication based on our study. In addition, we review the current knowledge in this field.

title: Roles of RAS and @entity817 mutations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['Papillary carcinoma', 'papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'anaplastic carcinoma', 'follicular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity15027 :: ('p|SUB|Q|61|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Q61R']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis', 'thyroid carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinomas', 'thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['thyroid carcinogenesis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to describe the natural history and management of surgically unresectable @entity765 in two @entity1 with @entity4511 from two unrelated families, where each had failed on conventional therapy. METHODS: Two @entity1 with @entity4511 were placed on a chemotherapy regimen which included @entity632 (90 mg/m2) and @entity2699 (900 mg/m2) in divided doses over four days of continuous infusion. Their progress on chemotherapy was assessed by abdominal computerized tomography and laparoscopy. RESULTS: The computerized abdominal tomography scans proved difficult to interpret because of adhesions and matted small bowel resulting from the @entity1 original colectomies. These findings made it difficult to differentiate postoperative changes from residual @entity765 . Second-look laparotomy in such @entity1 was contraindicated as this may predispose to further desmoid production. Laparoscopy disclosed a complete response to this chemotherapy. Nevertheless, we had an @entity4499 in one of these @entity1 . Each @entity1 showed a complete response to chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Surgical resection remains the first-line treatment of @entity765 . However, @entity632 / @entity2699 chemotherapy on a clinical trial basis may be indicated in @entity1 whose intra-abdominal desmoid is unresectable, or who have failed to respond to treatment with hormones ( @entity440 , @entity23392 ), @entity230 ( @entity229 ), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents ( @entity10521 ; Merck _ Co., Inc., West Point, PA).

title: Use of @entity632 and XXXX for the management of unresectable @entity765 in @entity4511 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity4499 :: ('MESH:D007049', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic small bowel perforation']

entities_list: @entity23392 :: ('MESH:D017312', 'Chemical') :: ['Toremifene']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity4511 :: ('MESH:D005736', 'Disease') :: ["Gardner's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal desmoid tumors', 'desmoid tumor', 'intraabdominal desmoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity2699 :: (MESH:D003606,Chemical) :: ['dacarbazine']