abstract: Study Design. A cross-sectional, observational study.Objective. To determine whether @entity158 and fear of @entity158 have competing effects on postural sway in @entity1 with @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ).Summary of Background Data. Competing effects of @entity158 and @entity158 -related fear on postural control can be proposed as the likely explanation for inconsistent results regarding postural sway in the @entity1643 literature. We hypothesized that while @entity158 might increase postural sway, fear of @entity158 might reduce sway through an increased cognitive effort or increased co-contraction to restrict body movement. The cognitive strategy would be less effective under dual task conditions and the co-contraction strategy was expected to be less effective when standing on a narrow base of support surface.Methods. Postural sway was measured in combined conditions of base of support (full and narrow) and cognitive loading (single and dual task) in three experimental groups with current, recent and no @entity1643 . Sway amplitude, path length, mean power frequency and sample entropy were extracted from center of pressure data.Results. The current and recent @entity1643 groups reported significantly different levels of @entity158 , but similar levels of @entity158 catastrophizing and kinesiophobia. The current @entity1643 group tended to display larger sway amplitudes in the anteroposterior direction compared to the other two groups. Mean power frequency values in mediolateral direction were lower in @entity1 with the current @entity1643 compared to recent @entity1643 . Smaller sample entropy was found in the current @entity1643 group than the other groups in most experimental conditions, particularly when standing on a narrow base of support.Conclusions. Alterations of postural sway are mostly mediated by @entity158 but not @entity158 -related fear. @entity1643 tends to increase sway amplitude, which appears to be counteracted by increased effort invested in postural control leading to decreased frequency and increased regularity of sway particularly under increased task demands.

title: Competing Effects of @entity158 and Fear of XXXX on Postural Control in Low Back @entity158 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['LBP', 'low back pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cell fate decisions are fundamental to the development of multicellular organisms. In mammals the first cell fate decision involves segregation of the pluripotent inner cell mass and the trophectoderm, a process regulated by cell polarity proteins, HIPPO signaling and lineage-specific transcription factors such as @entity6733 . However, the regulatory mechanisms that operate upstream to specify the trophectoderm lineage have not been established. Here we report that transcription factor AP-2y ( @entity46346 ) functions as a novel upstream regulator of @entity6733 expression and position-dependent HIPPO signaling in @entity19 . Loss- and gain-of-function studies and promoter analysis revealed that @entity46346 binding to an intronic enhancer is required for activation of @entity6733 expression during early development. During the 8-cell to morula transition @entity46346 potentiates cell polarity to suppress HIPPO signaling in the outside blastomeres. @entity46346 depletion triggered downregulation of @entity66201 , loss of apical cell polarity, disorganization of F-actin, and activation of HIPPO signaling in the outside blastomeres. Rescue experiments using @entity66201 mRNA restored cell polarity but only partially corrected position-dependent HIPPO signaling, suggesting that @entity46346 negatively regulates HIPPO signaling via multiple pathways. Several genes involved in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton (including @entity8235 , @entity22636 ) were downregulated in @entity46346 -depleted embryos. Inhibition of @entity8235 and @entity22636 activity during the 8-cell to morula transition phenocopied @entity46346 knockdown, triggering a loss of position-dependent HIPPO signaling and decrease in @entity6733 expression. Altogether, these results demonstrate that @entity46346 facilitates trophectoderm lineage specification by functioning as a key regulator of @entity6733 transcription, cell polarity and position-dependent HIPPO signaling.

title: Transcription factor AP-2y induces early XXXX expression and represses HIPPO signaling to specify the trophectoderm lineage.

answer: @entity6733 :: (12591(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Cdx2']


abstract: The author report clinical experience with 212 cases of mammary cancer metastatic to bone, in 186 of which radiotherapy was given, and in 26 @entity134 hormone therapy. At least 70 per cent of @entity1 with bone @entity3 from @entity0 were relieved of @entity158 by adequate roentgen therapy, the relief lasting for most of the survival time in many instances. About 25 per cent of @entity1 had recalcification or reossification of @entity75 with roentgen therapy; while dramatic, this is not always an indication that relief of @entity158 will continue or that survival time will be lengthened. If and when adequate radiotherapy has not been effective or cannot be administered (for example, in a @entity1 with extremely widespread @entity3 , or one residing at a considerable distance from radiotherapeutic service) @entity134 hormone therapy in adequate dosage is frequently beneficial. From 40 per cent to 75 per cent of @entity1 with bone metastases from @entity0 are relieved of @entity158 by @entity134 hormone therapy. In about 15 per cent of cases recalcification of the lesion occurs. Effective roentgen therapy may usually be given in a relatively brief period of time (one to two weeks). Effective @entity134 hormone therapy usually requires from 12 to 24 weeks. Complications of @entity134 hormone therapy are numerous. Some @entity1 are made considerably worse by such therapy. These complications may only be controlled by reduction or discontinuation of the hormones. For this reason, it is recommended that irradiation always be used as the initial method of palliation.

title: The treatment of metastatic XXXX in bone.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['bony lesions']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case series retrospective review. OBJECTIVE: To identify what factors predict successful eradication of @entity281 after I_D of an infected posterior spinal fusion with instrumentation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The treatment of @entity281 of instrumented spine fusions in @entity1 has few clear guidelines in the literature. METHODS: The medical records of @entity1 who required a surgical irrigation and debridement (I_D) for @entity281 after posterior spinal fusion and instrumentation for scoliosis from 1995 to 2002 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Fifty-three @entity1 were identified with the following underlying diagnoses: 21 @entity1 (40%) @entity2112 , 10 @entity1 (23%) @entity306 , 3 @entity1 (6%) spina bifida, 1 @entity1 (2%) @entity1635 , and 17 @entity1 (32%) other. There were 31 @entity1 (58%) with surgery <6 months from initial fusion, and 22 (42%) @entity1 >6 months. Of the 43 @entity1 with implant retained at the time of the first I_D, 20 @entity1 required a second I_D (47%). Of the 10 @entity1 with @entity737 @entity1 required a second I_D (20%). Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most prevalent organism, growing in 25 (47%) of the cultures. Of @entity1 with @entity2112 , 8 of 21 (38%) required a second I _ D; of the @entity1 with other diagnoses, 14 of 32 (44%) required a second I_D, which was not a significant difference (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest reported series of @entity281 . When @entity1 with an @entity281 after posterior spinal fusion with instrumentation undergo irrigation and debridement, there is a nearly 50% chance that the @entity281 will remain if all spinal implants are not removed. As nearly 50% of the @entity281 were caused by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, we recommend that prophylactic antibiotic coverage for this organism is used at the time of the initial spinal fusion.

title: Management of XXXX after instrumented posterior spine fusion in pediatric scoliosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['congenital scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['complete implant removal, 2']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'spinal implant infections', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: OBJECT: The clinical and neuroimaging characteristics of @entity1276 associated with @entity5513 were retrospectively analyzed to improve the perioperative management of the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed in 236 @entity1 with @entity5513 . The @entity1 ' ages ranged from 17 to 83 years (mean 53.6 +/- 13.2 years), and the diameters of the @entity5 the @entity1 harbored ranged from 5 to 60 mm (mean 30.5 +/- 12.7 mm). @entity1276 was present before @entity5 resection in 33 @entity1 (14%) and in six of these @entity1 focal dilation of the sylvian fissures was noted. There was a significant correlation between the incidence of @entity1276 and @entity5 size. The incidence of preoperative @entity1276 among elderly @entity1 (> or = 65 years of age) was 28.6% and that among younger @entity1 (< 65 years of age) was 10.8%. @entity5 in elderly @entity1 with @entity1276 (mean @entity5 diameter 32.8 +/- 11.7 mm; 12 @entity1 ) were significantly smaller than those in younger @entity1 (mean @entity5 diameter 41.7 +/- 10.9 mm; 21 @entity1 ). Among @entity1 with @entity5 smaller than 30 mm (114 @entity1 ), the incidence of @entity1276 in elderly @entity1 (25%) was 12-fold higher than that in younger @entity1 (2.1%). Six @entity1 with @entity1276 who had focal dilation of the sylvian fissures were significantly older than 27 @entity1 with @entity1276 in whom there was no focal dilation. The dilated sylvian fissures collapsed in two @entity1 spontaneously after @entity5 resection and in the other four @entity1 after shunt placement. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of associated @entity1276 is higher in older @entity1 . Communicating @entity1276 tends to occur in elderly @entity1 . Enlargement of the ventricles with focal dilation of the sylvian fissures should not be misinterpreted as physiological @entity1010 .

title: Clinical and neuroimaging characteristics of XXXX associated with @entity5513 .

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannoma', 'unilateral vestibular schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus', 'Hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study, that examined healthy adult subjects and nephropatic @entity1 , was to detect some relations between kidney's sonographic dimensions and renal function, expressed by @entity1011 clearance to evaluate more significant and useful sonographic parameters for the follow-up of @entity8 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Age, sex, body weight, height, body mass index, @entity1011 clearance were evaluated in 15 healthy and in 32 @entity8518 subjects. In those subjects length, width, and thickness of the kidney and its central echogenic area and the parenchimal thickness of the upper pole were measured by ultrasonographic technique. Measurements were made with the @entity1 in supine/oblique position. Renal shape index, parenchimal volume of the kidney and volume of the central echogenic area were calculated. Renal dimensions were correlated with age, total body area, body mass index and @entity1011 clearance. The @entity1 , according to @entity1011 clearance, were divided into three classes: Class 1 @entity1011 Clearance > 70 ml/min Class 2 @entity1011 Clearance > 30 < 70 ml/min Class 3 @entity1011 Clearance < 30 > 10 ml/min RESULTS: The renal length, as @entity177 progressed significantly decreased until @entity1011 clearance = 30 ml/min. In class 3 the renal volume and the transvers diameter decreased as @entity177 progressed. The renal parenchymal volume as @entity177 progressed significantly decreased. Our results demonstrated that renal length reduced inside the three classes of @entity1 but the reduction was significant only between the first and the second classes of @entity1 . The transverse diameter and the renal shape index did not reduce significantly inside three classes of @entity1 . The renal parenchimal volume reduced significantly inside the 3 classes. CONCLUSIONS: The more important measurement of renal size is longitudinal diameter in subjects with normal renal function. However, the renal parenchimal volume is the more exact sonographic parameter in @entity454 .

title: [Comparison of renal ultrasonographic and functional biometry in healthy XXXX and in @entity1 with @entity177 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathies']

entities_list: @entity8518 :: ('MESH:D003554', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathic']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine', 'creatinine']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence and clinical presentation of @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) in black Kenyans. DESIGN: A retrospective study. SETTING: Nairobi Hospital, an urban private institution. SUBJECTS: Case files of all @entity1 presenting with @entity490 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of @entity1744 using modified Manning's Symptomatic criteria in 223 consecutive adult @entity1 presenting with @entity490 and discomfort who had normal clinical findings and normal general and gastrointestinal investigations. RESULTS: Out of the 3472 @entity1 files screened, there were 281 @entity1 who fitted the diagnosis of @entity1744 giving an overall prevalence of 8%. The mean age was 40 years with range of 11 to 75 years with a peak prevalence in the 3rd decade. The male to female ratio of 1.4:1 being statistical significant at a p-value of 0.010. There was no statistical significant difference between the males and females in @entity1142 and @entity294 at p-value of 0.84 and 0.82 respectively. Fifteen percent of the @entity1 were either on antidepressants or had been seen by a psychiatrist. Nine percent had undergone laparatomy for the @entity490 . CONCLUSION: The Black African @entity1 is equally as exposed to @entity1744 as is his counterpart in the western world and has similar morbidity patterns. The syndrome may account for over 10% of @entity1 with @entity490 presenting to gastroenterologists in Africa. Proper attention to symptomatology may lead to clinching the diagnosis without resorting to many unnecessary and expensive investigations.

title: XXXX in Kenyans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['Irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: Over a period of nine months twenty-five @entity302 @entity1 were treated with the oral loading dose of @entity3174 . The dose ranged from 12 to 23 mg/kg body weight during 1 to 12 hours. In 20 @entity1 with serial @entity410 or intolerance to other antiepileptic drugs this treatment was effective. @entity410 also stopped in 2 of 4 @entity1 with serial partial motor @entity410 . These 2 @entity1 required both higher loading dose and faster rate of administration than the other @entity1 . A @entity1 with @entity10895 partialis continua failed to respond to the treatment. @entity1 that received @entity3174 through the naso-gastric tube, in respect to oral administration, required higher doses to obtain therapeutic plasma levels of @entity3174 . One @entity1 had mild @entity390 , 3 mild dizziness, and 1 tinitus on the first day of the treatment. There was no correlation between a given dose and the achieved @entity3174 plasma levels. In our opinion the therapy with oral loading dose of @entity3174 is highly effective in the treatment of @entity410 and rapid antiepileptic drug substitution, and partially effective in the prevention of partial motor @entity410 . It produces only mild and transient side-effects.

title: [Oral loading dose of @entity3174 in the treatment of serial @entity410 , prevention of XXXX recurrence and rapid drug substitution].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'seizures', 'serial generalized seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early mobilisation after @entity64 is thought to contribute to the effects of @entity64 -unit care; however, the intervention is poorly defined and not underpinned by strong evidence. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of frequent, higher dose, @entity6632 with usual care after @entity64 . METHODS: We did this parallel-group, single-blind, randomised controlled trial at 56 @entity64 in five countries. @entity1 (aged >= 18 years) with ischaemic or @entity548 , first or recurrent, who met physiological criteria were randomly assigned (1:1), via a web-based computer generated block randomisation procedure (block size of six), to receive usual @entity64 -unit care alone or @entity6632 in addition to usual care. Treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator was allowed. Randomisation was stratified by study site and @entity64 severity. @entity1 , outcome assessors, and investigators involved in trial and data management were masked to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was a favourable outcome 3 months after @entity64 , defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0-2. We did analysis on an intention-to-treat basis. The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, number ACTRN12606000185561. FINDINGS: Between July 18, 2006, and Oct 16, 2014, we randomly assigned 2104 @entity1 to receive either @entity6632 (n=1054) or usual care (n=1050); 2083 (99%) @entity1 were included in the 3 month follow-up assessment. 965 (92%) @entity1 were mobilised within 24 h in the @entity6632 group compared with 623 (59%) @entity1 in the usual care group. Fewer @entity1 in the @entity6632 group had a favourable outcome than those in the usual care group (n=480 [46%] vs n=525 [50%]; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0  73, 95% CI 0  59-0  90; p=0  004). 88 (8%) @entity1 died in the @entity6632 group compared with 72 (7%) @entity1 in the usual care group ( @entity18703 , 95% CI 0  93-1  93, p=0  113). 201 (19%) @entity1 in the @entity6632 group and 208 (20%) of those in the usual care group had a non-fatal serious adverse event, with no reduction in immobility-related complications with @entity6632 . INTERPRETATION: First mobilisation took place within 24 h for most @entity1 in this trial. The higher dose, @entity6632 protocol was associated with a reduction in the odds of a favourable outcome at 3 months. Early mobilisation after @entity64 is recommended in many clinical practice guidelines worldwide, and our findings should affect clinical practice by refining present guidelines; however, clinical recommendations should be informed by future analyses of dose-response associations. FUNDING: National Health and Medical Research Council, Singapore Health, Chest Heart and @entity64 Scotland, Northern Ireland Chest Heart and @entity64 , UK @entity64 Association, National Institute of Health Research.

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity6632 within 24 h of XXXX onset (AVERT): a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke units', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity6632 :: ('MESH:C536353', 'Disease') :: ['very early mobilisation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using 3-D transvaginal tomographic ultrasound imaging (TUI) to stage @entity1 with @entity2622 . Eighty @entity1 with @entity5 who underwent transvaginal TUI examinations were enrolled. In all @entity1 , @entity5 was confirmed pre-operatively by pathologic examination. Staging on the basis of clinical features, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging was performed according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system. Clinical, TUI and magnetic resonance imaging staging was compared with that based on histology. Depth of invasion into the stroma was measured by TUI in 52 cases and compared with pathologic results. An interclass correlation coefficient was used to analyze reproducibility. In total, all 80 @entity1 underwent surgical treatment. The accuracy of pre-operative staging, compared with histologic findings, was 92.50% for TUI, 82.50% for magnetic resonance imaging and 78.75% for clinical examination. The mean depth of lesions as measured with TUI was 12.5      6.2  mm (range: 3.5-40.0  mm), and that measured on histology was 10.5      8.0  mm (range: 3.0-40.0  mm). The interclass correlation coefficient of the two methods was 0.933 (95% confidence interval: 0.887-0.961). Pre-operative TUI is promising as a method for pre-operative staging of cervical @entity189 . TUI can also reliably assess lesion depth.

title: Three-Dimensional Transvaginal Tomographic Ultrasound Imaging for Cervical XXXX Staging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: AIMS: The association between asbestos exposure and the development of @entity3620 is well known. Nonetheless, a proportion of @entity1 suffering from this disease do not appear to have documented exposure to asbestos fibers from any known source. Available information suggests that a true "background" incidence of this disease exits raising the possibility that other factors contribute to its etiology. This paper will review existing data related to non-asbestos related @entity2615 and suggest avenues for further research. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A comprehensive electronic MEDLARS search of the literature pertinent to non-asbestos related @entity3620 was performed including the years 1996-2001. Hand searches were also carried out to supplement electronically derived information and literature pre-dating 1996. The resulting references were stratified into the following categories and reviewed; (1) radiation associated @entity2615 , (2) @entity2615 , (3) dietary factors, (4) childhood @entity2615 and (5) the role or SV40. RESULT: Available information suggests that genetic factors may play a larger role in the etiology of this disease than currently appreciated. The interplay of genes and environment require further elucidation in the pathogenesis of @entity2615 . The role of diet is poorly understood with few studies directly addressing this issue. Whether other environmental or infectious agents are involved in @entity2615 development remains speculative. CONCLUSION: The biology of @entity2615 is an enigma. Although this disease appears to occur in the absence of asbestos exposure, the genetic and biological differences between asbestos related and @entity5 is unclear. Additional epidemiological and laboratory studies are needed to provide a better understanding of the relationship between environmental and non-environmental causes of @entity2615 .

title: Non-asbestos related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['non-asbestos related tumors']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma', 'familial mesothelioma']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['diffuse malignant mesothelioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify clinical predictors of @entity5 and surgical strategies for pancreatic solid @entity5 (SPN) by analysis of surgical outcomes at a single institution. METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent surgery for SPN between 1995 and 2010 were identified. Histopathology slides of all @entity1 were reviewed by a specialized pathologist and the @entity5 were classified according to the criteria of the World Health Organization 2010. RESULTS: Of the 106 @entity1 identified, 85 (80  2 per cent) were female, and the median age was 36 (range 10-65) years. Median @entity5 size was 4  5 (range 1  0-15  0) cm. Some 17 @entity1 (16  0 per cent) were classified as having a high-grade malignant SPN. @entity5 size of at least 5   cm was associated with high-grade malignant potential (P   =   0  022). Although lymph nodes were removed from 40 @entity1 (37  7 per cent), there were no nodal metastases. A total of five @entity1 underwent en bloc resection of adjacent structures, including two with portal vein involvement. After a median follow-up of 56  9   months, two @entity1 with high-grade malignant SPN had evidence of @entity5 recurrence in the lymph nodes and liver. CONCLUSION: SPN with a diameter of 5   cm or more is associated with a high-grade malignant phenotype. Complete surgical removal is associated with low recurrence rates.

title: Surgical treatment of solid @entity5 of the pancreas and risk factors for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'Tumour', 'pseudopapillary neoplasm', 'malignancy', 'tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Detection, treatment, and subsequent screening of @entity1 with @entity1127 have considerable implications for public health. Understanding the natural history of @entity1127 from biologic and health care services standpoints is critical in determining optimal treatment. METHODS: Using computerized data from a large Midwestern health maintenance organization, we identified @entity1 50 years or older who underwent a polypectomy (index polypectomy) between January 1, 1989, and December 31, 1999. We followed up @entity1 to identify subsequent polypectomies through September 1, 2001. RESULTS: Our final study sample consisted of 8865 individuals with an index polypectomy. Overall, 2704 @entity1 (30.5%) were diagnosed as having recurrent @entity1127 . Kaplan-Meier projections estimate that 50% of @entity1 will have a recurrence within 7.6 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.2-8.1 years). Among @entity1 who underwent colon screening at least 9 months after the index polypectomy (52% of original cohort), Kaplan-Meier projections estimate that 50% will have a recurrent polyp within 3.9 years (95% CI, 3.8-4.1 years). CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that, even when screening and treatment are received by those who need it, the risk of @entity1586 recurrence is high and many @entity1 do not undergo additional screening. Efforts to increase and monitor ongoing screening of postpolypectomy @entity1 are warranted. In addition, further research is needed to better identify @entity1 at risk for recurrence so that continued screening and other interventions can be targeted at these groups.

title: XXXX in a managed care population.

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['polyps', 'colorectal polyps']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colon polyp']

answer: @entity1586 :: (MESH:D003111,Disease) :: ['Colon polyp recurrence']


abstract: Introduction: The clinical records of 190 @entity1 with @entity161 who discontinued @entity1088 between 1990 and 2012 in the county of Northamptonshire were examined, in an attempt to answer the following questions. Why do @entity1 stop @entity1088 ? What do physicians prescribe as an alternative? What is the mortality in this @entity1 group? Methods: @entity1 ' data were extracted using their electronic records, then analysed using descriptive statistical methods. Results: Non-compliance with treatment, or with the mandatory white blood cell monitoring, was the most common reason (55.3%) for @entity1088 cessation, followed by neutropaenia and other adverse effects (25.2%). @entity204 (mean age 48 years) was the third most common reason (10%), with @entity1729 accounting for more than a quarter of the deaths. 13% of the @entity1 had died (mean age 49 years) at some point following @entity1088 discontinuation. In terms of the alternative antipsychotic prescribing, @entity1037 was the most commonly prescribed (37.1%) drug in @entity1 who were still under the care of the local @entity146 service (n=121), at the time of data extraction. @entity1088 had been reinstated in 19% of these @entity1 . Discussion: Our findings are generally consistent with previous studies, and they demonstrate the need for physicians to address their @entity1 ' concerns regarding @entity1088 treatment, and to effectively manage any adverse effects. @entity4164 and @entity1142 seem to be particularly of concern, as they may be linked to @entity1088 - related mortality. @entity1037 was the most commonly prescribed alternative to @entity1088 , which suggests that it may possibly have a role in refractory @entity161 .

title: " @entity161 past XXXX ": Reasons for @entity1088 Discontinuation, Mortality, and Alternative Antipsychotic Prescribing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['Clozapine', 'clozapine']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['Olanzapine', 'olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity4164 :: ('MESH:D012798', 'Disease') :: ['Sialorrhea']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1088 :: (MESH:D003024,Chemical) :: ['Clozapine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Lung biopsy, performed as a diagnostic procedure in @entity1 with @entity358 to guide treatment, may not provide a diagnosis or change therapy. We therefore reviewed our experience with the procedure to determine its use. We reviewed all @entity1 undergoing lung biopsy at two large @entity1 's hospitals, 2001 to 2010. Lesions were categorized as either diffuse or localized based on final radiological interpretations. Pathological interpretations and subsequent treatment regimens were reviewed for specificity of diagnoses and any changes in therapy. Of 99 @entity1 , there were 14 diffuse and 85 @entity358 . Biopsy confirmed the radiological diagnosis in 29 (29%), 71 per cent (70) receiving a new histopathological diagnosis, or a definitive one from a range or radiological possibilities, both diffuse (10 of 14) and diffuse lesions (60 of 85, both 71%). Forty-five per cent (44 of 99) had sufficient clinical data to ascertain treatment before and after biopsy. A significant change in treatment occurred in only 16 per cent (seven of 44) without a significant difference between diffuse (33% [three of nine]) and localized (11% [four of 35]) lesions (P = 0.38). Twenty-five per cent (25 of 99) of @entity1 undergoing lung biopsy died. Lung biopsy is performed for conditions with a high mortality rate. The procedure yields a definitive diagnosis in the majority of cases but infrequently changes therapy.

title: Usefulness of Lung Biopsy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['localized pulmonary lesions', 'pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Pulmonary Conditions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8265 is now recognized as the autoantigen for antiendomysial antibodies. Antibodies to @entity8265 have been proposed as a valuable test for @entity66 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the value of antibodies to @entity8265 in the diagnosis of @entity66 in our outpatient population. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent serological tests for @entity66 during the first 18 months of the @entity8265 antibody assay were retrospectively identified from the regional serology laboratory database. @entity1 ' symptoms were noted, along with serological results and duodenal histology in those @entity1 who underwent duodenal biopsy. RESULTS In total, 586 @entity1 were identified as having been serologically tested for @entity66 , of whom 92 @entity1 (33 @entity1 ; mean age 51.7 years) had been followed up with duodenal biopsies. Of these 92 @entity1 , 29 (31%; 14 @entity1 ; mean age 52.5 years) had histological features of @entity66 . The 63 @entity1 with normal histology (19 @entity1 ; mean age 51.8 years) acted as controls. Weight loss was more frequent in @entity66 @entity1 compared to controls (7 vs 5; P = 0.04) whereas the frequency of @entity417 (P = 0.85) and @entity294 (P = 0.74) did not differ significantly between the two groups. The sensitivity and specificity of @entity8265 antibodies (86%; 84%) were compared to those for antiendomysial antibodies (90%; 98%) and antigliadin antibodies (76%; 79%). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic value of @entity8265 antibodies was intermediate between that of antiendomysial antibodies and antigliadin antibodies. However, duodenal biopsy remains the gold standard diagnostic test for @entity66 .

title: A comparison of antibodies to @entity8265 with conventional serological tests in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity8265 :: ('7052', 'Gene') :: ['Tissue transglutaminase', 'tissue transglutaminase']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['coeliac disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The national data on @entity14 in Saudi Arabia has not been analyzed. The objective of this study is to describe the demographics, incidence and survival rates for @entity14 in Saudi Arabia for the period 1994-2010. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of the Saudi Cancer Registry data for the period 1994-2010. SETTING: Data from the Saudi Cancer Registry was analyzed by stage at presentation (local, regional, distal, unknown) and survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. @entity1 : From 9889 @entity14 cases, a sample of 549 (5.6%) @entity1 was selected and their living status ascertained to assess survival. RESULTS: @entity14 has been the most common @entity5 among @entity1 and the third commonest among @entity1 since 2002 in Saudi Arabia. There has been a slight predominance among @entity1 with an average ratio of 116:100 over the years (range: 99:100-132:100). The overall age-standardized rate (ASR) approached a plateau of 9.6/100000 in 2010. The incidence of the disease has been highest in the capital, Riyadh, where it reached 14.5/100000 in 2010. Median age at presentation has been stable at around 60 years (95% confidence Interval (CI): 57-61 years) for @entity1 and 55 years (95% CI: 53-58 years) for @entity1 . Distant @entity3 was diagnosed in 28.4% of @entity1 at the time of presentation and @entity5 represented 41% of all @entity14 diagnosed in 2010. The overall 5-year survival was 44.6% for the period 1994-2004. The ASR for all age groups below 45 years of age was lower than that for the United States. LIMITATIONS: The study was retrospective with a possibility of bias from inaccurate staging of @entity1 , and inaccurate survival information and @entity1 demographics due to the underdeveloped census system prior to 2001. Survival data for the period 2005-2010 are lacking. CONCLUSION: @entity14 presents at a younger age in Saudis, especially in @entity1 . This has a major implication for decisions about the threshold age for screening. The ASR has increased, but is still much lower than in developed countries. The lower overall 5-year survival compared with developed countries is due to lack of screening, a higher proportion of advanced stage @entity5 at presentation, lack of specialized care outside the major cities and a higher proportion of @entity5 cases.

title: XXXX in Saudi Arabia: incidence, survival, demographics and implications for national policies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'Colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal cancer']


abstract: Reduced protein intake during pregnancy decreased maternal hepatic and plasma @entity4600 concentrations and impaired @entity4600 accumulation into fetal brain in the @entity35 . The present study investigated whether restriction of maternal protein intake during pregnancy in the @entity35 alters membrane phospholipid @entity844 composition in the offspring after weaning. Female @entity35 (six per group) were mated and fed diets containing either 180 or 90 g protein/kg throughout pregnancy. Mothers were transferred to standard chow after delivery and the litters reduced to eight pups. Weaning was at 28 d and pups were killed 5 to 6 d later. Tissue weights or membrane total @entity2434 (PC) and @entity3633 (PE) concentrations in the offspring did not differ between dietary groups. There were significant differences between the 180 and 90 g/kg groups in liver, brain, lung and heart @entity844 composition that differed between tissues and phospholipid classes. For example, docosahexaenoic and @entity1426 concentrations were 23 and 10 % lower respectively in hepatic PC, but not PE, in the 90 g/kg group. In brain, @entity4600 concentration was 17 % lower in PC, but not PE, while @entity1426 content was 21 % greater in PE but unchanged in PC. The greatest differences were in @entity1474 , which suggests alterations to desaturase activities and/or the specificity of phospholipid biosynthesis. These results suggest that restricted maternal protein intake during pregnancy results in persistent alterations to membrane @entity844 content.

title: Effect of reduced maternal protein intake in pregnancy in the @entity35 on the XXXX composition of brain, liver, plasma, heart and lung phospholipids of the offspring after weaning.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity3633 :: ('MESH:C483858', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review and characterize 4 years of experience with suggested nontraumatic @entity2333 (dissections/ @entity397 ) transported by a new, provincially dedicated rotor-wing air medical program METHODS: Retrospective 4-year review of air medical program's mission records and review of related hospital records. @entity1 listed as suspected @entity2333 (nontraumatic) in the air medical records were included. Mission records were reviewed for EMS diagnosis, blood pressures before and after transport, transport times, and mortality. Hospital records were reviewed for diagnosis, interventions/treatment, and mortality. Blood pressures below 80 mmHg systolic were considered hemodynamically unstable. RESULTS: A cohort of 34 @entity1 were identified, of whom 31 (91%) arrived at the hospital alive. Twenty-five @entity1 (74%) arrived hemodynamically stable, with a mean out-of-hospital time of 60 minutes, and nine @entity1 (26%) were hemodynamically unstable (mean out-of-hospital time was 54 minutes). No significant difference arose in times between these two groups (P = 0.16). Overall mortality was 53% (18). Differences in transport time between survivors and deaths was not statistically significant (P = 0.93). The diagnoses on admission to hospital: 14 (41%) were RAAA, five (15%) AAA no @entity397 , eight (24%) @entity1580 , and four (12%) had no aortic pathology. Seventeen @entity1 (50%) received emergent surgical intervention. The EMS diagnosis was correct in 76% of cases. CONCLUSION: Our program transported 34 suspected @entity2333 of which 17 were immediate surgical candidates on arrival. @entity2333 are not infrequent within our program. Specific policies and procedures based on continuing quality review should be in place to optimize the transport and care of these @entity1 .

title: Air medical transport of suspected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic emergencies', 'Aortic emergencies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissections']

answer: @entity2333 :: (MESH:D001018,Disease) :: ['aortic emergencies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity900 and @entity136 (GC) regimen is usually administered as a 4- or 3-week schedule; however, the best schedule to use is still unclear. We therefore started a randomized phase II trial to compare @entity137 and dose intensity (DI) between these two GC schedules. @entity1 AND METHODS: Ninety-six @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and an additional 11 @entity1 with an advanced @entity2785 [bladder (n = 5), head and neck (n = 3), cervix (n = 1), esophageal (n = 1) or unknown primary @entity189 (n = 1)] were randomized to receive @entity900 70 mg/m(2) intravenously on day 2 plus either @entity136 1000 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8 and 15 of a 28-day cycle or @entity136 1000 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle. Planned DI (PDI) for the 4-week schedule was 750 mg/m(2)/week for @entity136 and 17.5 mg/m(2)/week for @entity900 ; for the 3-week regimen PDI was 666 mg/m(2)/week and 23 mg/m(2)/week for @entity136 and @entity900 , respectively. RESULTS: From July 1998 to March 2000, 107 @entity1 were randomized. Grade 3/4 @entity1398 was observed in 27.8% of @entity1 in the 3-week versus 22.5% in the 4-week arm (P = 0.69), while grade 3/4 @entity882 was higher in the 4-week arm (29.5% versus 5.5% of @entity1 ; P = 0.14). A total of 398 cycles of therapy were delivered. Overall, 51% of cycles were modified in dose, timing or both in the 4-week arm, and 19% in the 3-week arm. The 21-day schedule of GC leads to a similar received DI of @entity136 and higher @entity900 DI. Both regimens had activity in @entity1149 , with a response rate of 39% (38% for the 4-week arm, and 42% for the 3-week arm). CONCLUSIONS: The 3-week schedule has similar DI to the 4-week schedule. However the 3-week regimen has a better compliance profile and a comparable response rate in @entity1149 , supporting the use of such a schedule.

title: Three-week versus four-week schedule of @entity900 and XXXX : results of a randomized phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2785 :: ('MESH:D009375', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Radiotherapy remains the important therapeutic strategy for @entity1 with @entity418 ( @entity418 ). At present, there is no uniform opinion or standard care on the range of radiotherapy in the treatment of @entity418 @entity1 . This study aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with lower cervical @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) and to explore the distribution pattern of lower cervical metastatic lymph nodes. It could provide useful information regarding accurate target volume delineation for @entity418 . We identified 239 @entity1 who initial diagnosed with @entity1721 . The clinicopathological factors related to @entity1600 were analyzed and the locations of the lower cervical metastatic lymph nodes were transferred onto computed tomography images. The lower cervical area was further divided into four subgroups areas. The results showed that the incidence of lower cervical @entity1600 was 37.2 % (89 of 239) and 94.4 % (84 of 89 @entity1 ) @entity1 had subgroup II and/or subgroup III region @entity1600 . Of those @entity1 , 151 nodes were considered to be clinical metastatic in the lower cervical region and 96% nodes were located in group II and group III. Based on the present study, prophylactic irradiating to lower cervical areas is recommended for @entity1 with @entity5 invasion, the mediastinal level 1, 2, and 4 station @entity1600 and the more number of @entity1600 . The atlas showed that, for the lower cervical area, the subgroup II and III region should be precisely covered in the target volume and the subgroup I and IV may be spared for minimizing the @entity137 .

title: Identification of risk factors and the   pattern of lower cervical @entity1600 in XXXX : implications for radiotherapy target delineation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['deeper tumor']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis', 'LNM']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'EC']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Though pathology in @entity454 ( @entity454 ) @entity1 with high total @entity1255 (tHcy) can be established, the research findings with vascular access @entity715 ( @entity455 ) and tHcy are equivocal. Investigators have found significantly higher @entity1255 levels in @entity1 with recurrent @entity455 compared with one or less episodes of @entity715 . Initial prospective evidence supports an independent association between tHcy levels and access @entity715 . METHODS: One hundred and four @entity1 undergoing dialysis were selected. The experimental group @entity1 were identified as those having one or more @entity455 ( @entity455 ) during the previous 14-month period (November 2000 to January 2002) and the control group @entity1 were those with no @entity455 during the same period. Additional sub-group analyses included the following: a) @entity101 vs. normotensive; b) @entity6 , @entity196 , Type II, and none; c) gender; d) age. RESULTS: The Mann-Whitney U test for variance revealed no significant difference in tHcy values between @entity455 groups (U = 1580.5, p = 0.075), no significant differences in @entity455 and @entity101 (U = 1009.0, p = 0.70), and no significant differences in @entity455 and @entity6 (U = 1254.5, p = 0.67). A two-sample t-Test revealed no significant differences in tHcy and age (F-ratio = 1.26, p = 0.47). A Kolmogorov Smirnov test for normality revealed insufficient evidence that the tHcy distribution is not normal. Spearman Rank Correlations were calculated revealing low to moderate associations among variables. CONCLUSIONS: While some studies have demonstrated a relationship between tHcy and @entity455 , this study found chronically high @entity1255 levels in @entity1 with @entity454 were not associated with incidence of @entity455 . There were no significant differences in the number of @entity455 's across additional variables of age, gender, and previous morbidity. No significant interactions were discovered.

title: @entity1255 and vascular access @entity715 in @entity454 XXXX : a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular access thromboses', 'VAT']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes Mellitus', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to demonstrate the efficacy of @entity42353 suspension for the treatment of presumed @entity294 in @entity1 . Eligible @entity1 must have had @entity5163 lasting 3-29 days. @entity1 were randomized to receive either @entity42353 or placebo twice daily for three days. The primary endpoint was time from first dose to resolution of symptoms. One hundred @entity1 mean age 3.3 years were enrolled. The median time to resolution of symptoms for @entity42353 treated @entity1 was 23 hours (IQR 4-48 hours) vs 103.5 hours (IQR 63->168 hours) for placebo (p<0.001). An analysis by disease subset indicated @entity42353 treated @entity1 had statistically shorter durations of @entity5163 associated with @entity461 (n=32, p<0.001) and those with no identified enteropathogen (n=38, p=0.008), when compared to placebo. The study medication was well tolerated. Overall, @entity42353 was effective at reducing the duration of @entity5163 associated with multiple etiologies, including @entity1 with no identified enteropathogen. These results suggest @entity42353 may be a viable therapeutic option for the empiric treatment of @entity5163 in @entity1 where the etiology is unknown or presumed to be of infectious origin. Clinical trial registry number NCT01326338.

title: XXXX for the empiric treatment of pediatric @entity294 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Species') :: ['Giardia lamblia']

entities_list: @entity42353 :: ('MESH:C041747', 'Chemical') :: ['nitazoxanide']

entities_list: @entity5163 :: ('MESH:D004403', 'Disease') :: ['diarrheal illness']

answer: @entity42353 :: (MESH:C041747,Chemical) :: ['Nitazoxanide']


abstract: The following micronutrients were considered together for their role in bone health: @entity460 , @entity560 , @entity3151 , @entity1760 and @entity1388 . @entity460 : not enough is known to change current recommendations. In adolescents and adults, limited data suggest that consuming the recommended level is associated with normal bone mass. In older adults, the limited data reported low consumption and a high rate of @entity174 but there is no information on whether the current values are adequate. @entity560 : the limited data reported high deficiency in older adults, which was related to @entity170 . Given the recent increase in North American recommendation for their contribution to bone health, we proposed to increase the recommendation to 400-600 IU/d for Venezuela. @entity3151 , @entity1760 and @entity1388 : the lack of local data does not support changing the latest recommendations. Therefore, it highlights the lack of local studies to assess current recommendations. Studies are needed to estimate the intake of these micronutrients in the population and evaluate their interaction and their relation to bone and overall health. Information of the adequacy of these nutrients in @entity1 milk for @entity1 is needed. Alto, it is necessary to implement an effective nutrition surveillance system and implement interventions that maximize bone health from an early stage, including the design and implementation of a dairy policy that leads to an increase in production and consumption by the population.

title: [Reference values of @entity460 , @entity560 , @entity3151 , @entity1760 and XXXX for the Venezuelan population].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphorus', 'phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D', 'Vitamin D']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1388 :: (MESH:D005459,Chemical) :: ['fluoride']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ) in the normal and @entity583 ( @entity583 ) hearts, and to investigate whether chronic AVP receptor antagonism can attenuate post- @entity1188 . BACKGROUND: A number of neurohormones, like @entity1063 and @entity1808 , have detrimental effects in @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and inhibiting them is beneficial. AVP shares some important properties with these hormones and is activated in @entity712 . However, its role in the syndrome of @entity712 , especially the effect of AVP inhibition, is largely undefined. METHODS AND RESULTS: Effects of AVP-V1a and AVP-V2 receptor stimulation on normal @entity35 cardiomyocyte contractile function, intracellular @entity460 [Ca2+]i, inositol 3 phosphate ( @entity9421 ) generation and cell survival were studied. In @entity583 @entity35 , AVP receptor function was assessed in cardiomyocytes as well as isolated working hearts. AVP receptor total number (ligand binding) and mRNA levels (RT-PCR) were measured in myocytes. Finally, the effects of chronic AVP-V1a blockade were assessed in @entity583 @entity35 using echo and morphometry to measure ventricular remodeling. Normal cardiomyocytes showed a dose-dependent increase in myocyte contractile function, [ @entity141 ]i, and IP3 generation in response to AVP-V1a receptor stimulation. AVP-V2 agonists had no effect. Cells from MI hearts showed reduced inotropic response to AVP-V1a stimulation. Myocyte AVP-V1a receptor number and receptor mRNA were decreased. Prolonged exposure to AVP reduced cellular viability. However, chronic AVP-V1a blockade did not attenuate structural remodeling or improve function in @entity583 . CONCLUSIONS: Isolated adult @entity35 cardiomyocytes bear AVP-V1a receptors that mediate inotropic effects through the IP3 pathway. These receptors are functionally and numerically downregulated in the @entity583 remodeled hearts. Despite evidence that AVP is cytotoxic to cells, chronic AVP-V1a receptor blockade does not attenuate @entity583 ventricular remodeling in this model. Thus, AVP may not play a major role in the structural progression of @entity712 .

title: The role of @entity5463 and its receptors in the normal and failing XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct ventricular remodeling']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['post-MI', 'post-MI hearts', 'post-myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A prospective study of 1,258 new cases of @entity1907 was conducted to identify their mode of presentation. About 70% of the @entity1 were symptomatic. Symptom frequency increased with rising age, was higher among females and among those with more extensive disease. A higher proportion of symptomatics was found among the bacillary (83.5%) than among the abacillary (59.4%) cases. Differences in interview technique and composition of the two groups could not account for this large difference. It was suggested that this was due to some of the abacillary cases not being cases of @entity378 at all. Cough was the most common presenting symptom and was present in 66.1% of bacillary cases. This finding contrasted with that of the 1975 prevalence survey where cough was reported in 24% of bacillary cases. The reasons for this difference was discussed and it was suggested that the proportion of bacillary cases with cough symptoms would be higher than what was previously reported. Cough of more than two weeks duration, @entity353 , blood stained sputum and @entity662 were more prevalent among @entity378 @entity1 than in other @entity1 seen by private medical practitioners. It was suggested that a case detection programme based upon this set of symptoms would help identify the epidemiologically more important cases of @entity378 . Such a programme should complement existing case detection programmes as it would be expected to miss a sizeable proportion of the abacillary cases with minimal @entity358 .

title: Presenting symptoms of @entity1 with XXXX in Singapore.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['active pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['active pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Racially disparate care has been shown to contribute to suboptimal health care outcomes for minorities. Using the ImproveCareNow network, we investigated differences in management and outcomes of pediatric @entity1 with @entity30 at diagnosis and 1-year postdiagnosis. METHODS: ImproveCareNow is a learning health network for pediatric @entity29 . It contains prospective, longitudinal data from outpatient encounters. This retrospective study included all @entity1 with @entity30 <= 21 years, September 2006 to October 2014, with the first recorded encounter <= 90 days from date of diagnosis and an encounter 1 year   60 days. We examined the effect of race on remission rate and treatment at diagnosis and 1 year from diagnosis using t-tests, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests,    statistic, and @entity16043 's exact tests, where appropriate, followed by univariate regression models. RESULTS: Nine hundred seventy-six @entity1 (Black = 118 (12%), White = 858 (88%), mean age = 13 years, 63% male) from 39 sites were included. Black @entity1 had a higher percentage of Medicaid insurance (44% versus 11%, P < 0.001). At diagnosis, Black @entity1 had more active disease according to physician global assessment (P = 0.027), but not by short @entity11618 Activity Index (P = 0.67). Race differences in treatment were not identified. Black @entity1 had lower hematocrit (34.8 versus 36.7, P < 0.001) and albumin levels (3.6 versus 3.9, P = 0.001). At 1 year, Black @entity1 had more active disease according to physician global assessment (P = 0.016), but not by short @entity11618 Activity Index (P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Black @entity1 with @entity30 may have more severe disease than White @entity1 based on physician global assessment. Neither disease phenotype differences at diagnosis nor treatment differences at 1-year follow-up were identified.

title: Race Differences in Initial Presentation, Early Treatment, and 1-year Outcomes of XXXX : Results from the ImproveCareNow Network.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity11618 :: ('MESH:C536215', 'Disease') :: ["Pediatric Crohn's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity11618 :: (MESH:C536215,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Crohn's Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Through the use of DNA microarrays it is now possible to obtain quantitative measurements of the expression of thousands of genes from a biological sample. This technology yields a global view of gene expression that can be used in several ways. Functional insight into expression profiles is routinely obtained by using @entity74 terms associated to the cellular genes. In this paper, we deal with functional data mining from expression profiles, proposing a novel approach that studies the correlations between genes and their relations to @entity74 ( @entity74 ). By using this "functional correlations comparison" we explore all possible pairs of genes identifying the affected biological processes by analyzing in a pair-wise manner gene expression patterns and linking correlated pairs with @entity74 terms. RESULTS: We apply here this "functional correlations comparison" approach to identify the existing correlations in hepatocarcinoma (161 microarray experiments) and to reveal functional differences between normal liver and @entity5 tissues. The number of well-correlated pairs in each @entity74 term highlights several differences in genetic interactions between @entity5 and normal tissues. We performed a bootstrap analysis in order to compute false detection rates (FDR) and confidence limits. CONCLUSION: Experimental results show the main advantage of the applied method: it both picks up general and specific @entity74 terms (in particular it shows a fine resolution in the specific @entity74 terms). The results obtained by this novel method are highly coherent with the ones proposed by other @entity5 biology studies. But additionally they highlight the most specific and interesting @entity74 terms helping the biologist to focus his/her studies on the most relevant biological processes.

title: Finding biological process modifications in XXXX tissues by mining gene expression correlations.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['GO', 'Gene Ontology']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A long-term follow-up study with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging was undertaken to detect the morphological onset and to establish the early diagnosis in apical @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ). BACKGROUND: A spadelike configuration on left ventriculogram (LVG) is regarded as a diagnostic criterion for the classical apical @entity1121 . There also exists a segmented @entity1184 at the apical level without indicating the spadelike features (a nonspade configuration). To detect the hypertrophied myocardium of the nonspade configuration, circumferential scrutiny of the apex is required. Although both configurations can be underlying causes of @entity1619 waves, etiological relationship between the two is not clarified. METHODS: The criteria for the spadelike configuration defined on left ventricular short-axis NMR images were as follows: (apical maximal thickness > or = 15 mm), (apical anterior thickness over basal anterior thickness > or = 1.3) and (apical posterior thickness over basal posterior thickness > or =1.3). Thirteen @entity1 who had predominant @entity1184 (> or = 15 mm) at the apical level without the spadelike configuration underwent NMR imaging twice before and after 54+/-10 months' follow-up. RESULTS: Apical @entity1184 that had been confined to the lateral wall in four, the anterior-lateral wall in two, and the septal-anterior wall in one developed to become circumferential @entity1184 that fulfilled the criteria for the spadelike configuration after the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: The spadelike configuration can begin with the nonspade configuration and therefore, both can constitute a single disease entity of apical @entity1121 . The early diagnosis of apical @entity1121 can be achieved by identifying the @entity1184 frequently confined to the lateral wall at the apical level.

title: Morphological onset and early diagnosis in apical XXXX : a long term analysis with nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['giant negative T']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combination chemotherapy ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarabazine) cures    70% of @entity1 with advanced @entity978 (aHL, stages IIB, III and IV) while more toxic escalated BEACOPP (EB, combination of bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine and prednisolone) increases cure rates to 85%. @entity1 with a positive interim positron emission tomography-computerized tomography (PET-CT) scan after two cycles (PET-2) of ABVD have very poor outcomes with continued ABVD. Intensifying therapy with EB in PET-2-positive @entity1 ('response-adapted therapy') may improve cure rates, whereas the negative @entity1 can continue ABVD alone. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity1 with newly diagnosed aHL received two cycles of ABVD and underwent PET-2 (scored with semi-quantitative 5-point visual criteria, 'Deauville score'). PET-2-negative @entity1 continued four additional cycles of ABVD, whereas PET-2-positive @entity1 received four cycles of EB. A phase II sample size of 50 was estimated keeping the lower and higher proportion of rejection of the event-free survival (EFS) as 70% and 85%, respectively. RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 [median age 28 (12-60) years; male : female: 39 : 11; stages: IIB-3 (6%), III-29 (58%) and IV-18 (36%); International Prognostic Score (IPS): 0-3: 34 (68%); 4-7: 16 (32%)] were enrolled; 49 underwent PET-2. Eight (16%) were PET-2-positive, whereas 41 (84%) were negative. Forty-seven were evaluable for EFS and all 50 for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). The 2-year EFS was 76% (95% CI: 68-83) and @entity1349 was 88% (95% CI: 82-94). PET-2 was strongly prognostic-2-year EFS, negative versus positive: 82% versus 50%; P = 0.013. CONCLUSION: PET-2 response-adapted strategy could not achieve EFS of 85% in aHL. However, escalated therapy improved outcomes in PET-2-positive @entity1 compared with historical data. TRIAL REGISTRATION: CTRI/2012/06/002741 (http://www.ctri.nic.in) and NCT01304849 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).

title: Phase II study of interim PET-CT-guided response-adapted therapy in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity308 is a common cause of morbidity. Sufferers are very sensitive to many external factors. @entity341 ( @entity341 ) visits for this condition can be associated with the concentration of ambient air pollutants. The study objective was to examine and assess the associations between @entity341 visits for @entity308 and ambient air pollution. DESIGN AND METHODS: The present study analyzed 15,556 @entity341 visits for @entity308 (ICD-9: 311) at Edmonton hospitals between 1992 and 2002. The data were clustered based on the triplet {year, month, day of the week}. The generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) technique was used to regress the logarithm of the clustered counts for @entity341 visits for @entity308 on the levels of air pollutants (CO, @entity6836 , @entity9734 , O3, PM10 and PM2.5) and the meteorological variables. The number of @entity341 visits for @entity308 was analyzed separately for all @entity1 , and males and females. An analysis by season was also conducted: for the whole year (I-XII), warm season (IV-IX), and cold season (X-III). RESULTS: After adjusting for temperature and relative humidity, the following increments in daily @entity308 -related @entity341 visits could be noted: 6.9% (95% CI: 1.3, 12.9) for @entity1223 (CO) for all @entity1 in warm season; 7.4% (95% CI: 0.5, 14.8) for @entity7459 ( @entity6836 ) for female @entity1 in warm season; 4.5% (95% CI: 0.1, 9.1) for @entity12546 (SO2) for female @entity1 in warm season; 6.9% (95% CI: 0.6, 13.6) for ground level @entity1787 (O3, 1-day lagged) for female @entity1 in warm season; 7.2% (95% CI: 2.7, 12.0) for particulate matter (PM10) for females in cold season; and 7.2% (95% CI: 2.0, 12.8) for particulate matter (PM2.5) for females in cold season. CONCLUSIONS: The findings provide support for the hypothesis that @entity341 visits for @entity308 are associated with exposure to ambient air pollution.

title: Air pollution and emergency department visits for XXXX in Edmonton, Canada.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity12546 :: ('CHEBI:18422', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphur dioxide']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency department']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: CONTEXT: Appropriate risk stratification is @entity6677 (GDM) diagnosis to optimize therapeutic strategies during pregnancy. However, there are sparse data related to the newly recommended International Association of @entity6 Study Groups criteria and their use in early pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to evaluate clinical and pathophysiological characteristics less up to gestational week (GW) 21 in @entity1 with early and late GDM onset. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a prospective study conducted at the Medical University of Vienna. @entity1 AND INTERVENTIONS: Pregnant @entity1 (n = 211) underwent an oral @entity413 tolerance test at 16 GW (interquartile range, 14-18 wk) with multiple measurements of @entity413 , insulin, and C-peptide for evaluation of insulin sensitivity and   -cell function in addition to detailed obstetrical risk assessment. Clinical followups were performed until end of pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: We performed a metabolic characterization of early-onset GDM. RESULTS: Of 81 @entity1 , 49 (23%) showed early (GDMEarly  <= 21 GW) and 32 (15%) later manifestation (GDMLate >=  24 GW) whereas 130 (62%) remained normal- @entity413 -tolerant (NGT). In contrast with GDMLate, GDMEarly were affected by @entity1720 (GDMEarly vs NGT, P < .001; GDMEarlyvs GDMLate, P < .001; GDMLate vs NGT, P = .410). However, both early and late manifested subjects @entity73 in   -cell function. GDMEarly showed highest levels of preconceptional and actual body mass index (BMI), which was related to fasting @entity413 (r = 0.42, P < .001) and particularly insulin sensitivity (r = -0.51, P < .001). Differences in @entity413 disposal between the subgroups remained constant in multivariable analysis including the strongest risk factors for GDM, ie, age, history of GDM, and BMI in our population. CONCLUSIONS: Early manifestation of GDM is affected by insulin resistance that is partly explained by higher degree in @entity28 . However,   -cell dysfunction was also detectable in GDMLate, indicating defective compensatory mechanisms emerging already in early pregnancy.

title: Pathophysiological characteristics and effects of @entity28 in XXXX with early and late manifestation of gestational @entity6 diagnosed by the international association of @entity6 and pregnancy study groups criteria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['essential in gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes and Pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['showed impairments']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['decreased insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity340 are commonly found in patients with @entity1701 but experience with valve replacement in such @entity1 is limited. We analyzed the results of valve replacement in @entity1 with this condition at our institution. METHODS: Between 1989 and 2002, 10 patients with @entity1701 (8 @entity1 , 2 @entity1 ; aged 38-73 years, mean 49 years) with severe @entity339 (n = 7), @entity886 (n = 2), or combined mitral-aortic disease (n = 1) underwent valve replacement. We reviewed retrospectively their clinical data, operative and postoperative courses, and the long-term results. Pathological reassessment was performed in all cases. RESULTS: Procedures performed included mitral valve replacement in 7 @entity1 , aortic valve replacement in 2 @entity1 , and combined aortic valve replacement plus mitral valve replacement in 1 @entity1 . In addition, 2 @entity1 underwent tricuspid annuloplasty. The immediate mortality was 20% (2 @entity1 ). Major complications occurred in 2 other cases. During a follow-up period of up to 8 years, 2 @entity1 required repeat operation for @entity340 (1 death). An additional @entity1 died of cardiac causes 13 months after surgery. One @entity1 had major @entity1031 events 3 and 10 months after the operation. The late outcome was uneventful in only 4 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Valve replacement in patients with @entity1701 may carry significant early and late mortality and morbidity, particularly when such @entity1 are referred with advanced @entity340 .

title: Increased morbidity and mortality in patients with XXXX undergoing valve replacement surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve disease']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve disease']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['Heart valve abnormalities', 'valve-related complications', 'valvular heart disease']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess regional diastolic function in @entity1 with @entity101 with or without @entity4346 using Doppler tissue imaging, a new tool that analyzes myocardial wall motion 'on-line'. METHODS: Ten normotensive subjects, 20 @entity101 @entity1 without @entity1184 and 20 with @entity1184 (left ventricular mass index >50 g/m2.7), all @entity1 , underwent Doppler echocardiography and Doppler tissue imaging, which was performed in apical view by placing pulsed sample volume at the level of the basal and middle septum, basal and middle lateral wall, and infero-posterior wall. Peak velocities and time-velocity integrals of myocardial early (Em) and late (Am) waves and their ratios, regional deceleration time and regional relaxation time were measured in each segment. RESULTS: Transmitral peak E/A ratio was 1.37 in normotensive subjects, 1.01 in @entity101 @entity1 without @entity1184 and 0.77 in those with @entity1184 (P < 0.00001). The myocardial diastolic indexes derived by Doppler tissue imaging worsened at all levels in @entity101 @entity1 without @entity1184 compared with normotensive subjects. In @entity101 @entity1 with @entity1184 , the majority of myocardial diastolic indexes were further impaired at the basal septal level, but only marginal differences were found in other regions, compared with indexes in @entity101 @entity1 without @entity1184 . The main diastolic indexes were found, using separate intra-group analyses, to be more compromised at the @entity5702 than at other levels only in @entity1184 @entity101 @entity1 . The prevalence of regions having peak Em/Am ratios < 1 increased significantly from normotensive subjects to @entity101 @entity1 without @entity1184 , but not significantly from these to the @entity1184 group. Among pooled @entity101 @entity1 , after adjusting for heart rate and diastolic blood pressure using multivariate models, the septal wall thickness was shown to be an independent determinant of the diastolic indexes of the basal and middle septum. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity101 @entity1 without @entity1184 , @entity67 is uniform along the ventricular walls, whereas in those with @entity1184 it is more evident at the basal septal level than in other walls. Overall among @entity101 @entity1 , the diastolic properties of the interventricular septum worsen as the thickness of the septal wall increases, in the presence and in the absence of @entity1184 .

title: Myocardial diastolic impairment caused by @entity4346 involves XXXX more than other walls: analysis by pulsed Doppler tissue imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity5702 :: ('MESH:D018295', 'Disease') :: ['basal septum']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity5702 :: (MESH:D018295,Disease) :: ['basal septum']


abstract: Studies in vitro have underestimated the importance of @entity6708 -dependent protein kinase (PKG) in the modulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and apoptosis in vivo. This is attributable, in part, to a rapid decline in PKG levels as vascular SMC are passaged in culture. We used a recombinant adenovirus encoding PKG (Ad.PKG) to augment kinase activity in cultured @entity35 pulmonary artery SMC (RPaSMC). Incubation of Ad. PKG-infected RPaSMC (multiplicity of infection = 200) with @entity11255 decreased serum-stimulated DNA synthesis by 85% and cell proliferation at day 5 by 74%. The effect of @entity11255 on DNA synthesis in Ad.PKG-infected RPaSMC was blocked by @entity24398 (PKG inhibitor), but not by @entity12176 ( @entity268 -dependent protein kinase inhibitor). A @entity842 (NO) donor compound, @entity12557 , at concentrations as low as 100 nM, inhibited DNA synthesis in Ad. PKG-infected RPaSMC, but not in uninfected cells or in cells infected with a control adenovirus. In addition, @entity11255 and @entity12557 induced apoptosis in serum-deprived RPaSMC infected with Ad.PKG, but not in uninfected cells or in cells infected with a control adenovirus. These results demonstrate that modulation of PKG levels in vascular SMC can alter the sensitivity of these cells to NO and @entity6708 . Moreover, these observations suggest an important role for PKG in the regulation of vascular SMC proliferation and apoptosis by NO and @entity6708 .

title: Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of @entity6708 -dependent protein kinase increases the sensitivity of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells to the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of XXXX / @entity6708 .

entities_list: @entity12557 :: ('MESH:D026422', 'Chemical') :: ['S-nitrosoglutathione']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: Type IV secretion is used by pathogenic microorganisms to transfer effector macromolecules to eukaryotic target cells. The VirB/D4 apparatus of @entity3261 transfers DNA and proteins to plant cells. We postulated that the cell pole is the site of assembly of the A. tumefaciens type IV apparatus. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we now demonstrate that 10 of the VirB proteins localized primarily to one cell pole and a macromolecular VirB complex is assembled at the pole. Neither the assembly of the complex nor polar localization of a VirB protein requires @entity855 utilization by the VirB ATPases. The requirement of other VirB proteins for the polar localization of at least six VirB proteins indicates an essential role of protein-protein interaction in polar targeting. Four proteins ( @entity67979 , @entity55426 , @entity55422 , and @entity55427 ) could target themselves to a cell pole independent of a VirB protein. We provide evidence that @entity67980 -VirB10 are the structural components of the type IV apparatus. Using strains that express defined subsets of the virB genes, we demonstrate that @entity67981 are the minimum components sufficient for the assembly of a polar VirB complex. @entity67980 associates with this complex to form the type IV secretion apparatus. @entity55422 functions as the assembly factor and targets the apparatus to the cell pole.

title: Spatial location and requirements for the assembly of the XXXX type IV secretion apparatus.

entities_list: @entity3261 :: ('358', 'Species') :: ['Agrobacterium tumefaciens']

answer: @entity3261 :: (358,Species) :: ['Agrobacterium tumefaciens']


abstract: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used in the treatment of @entity625 and @entity158 . However, their long-term use is limited by gastrointestinal (GI) side effects such as @entity2275 . NSAIDs act by inhibiting an enzyme called cyclooxygenase. Cyclooxygenase (COX) catalyses the generation of @entity2918 from @entity1426 . Two isoforms of the enzyme exist-- @entity9859 and @entity2247 --both of which are targets for NSAIDs. Although they are associated with @entity344 , NSAIDs have important antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects. The @entity344 has been attributed to @entity9859 inhibition and the anti-inflammatory effects to @entity2247 inhibition. As @entity2247 is traditionally viewed as an inducible enzyme, selective inhibition of @entity2247 by 'coxibs' (selective @entity2247 inhibitors) has been employed to achieve anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects without GI side effects. However, recently there have been suggestions that chronic administration of coxibs might increase the risk of cardiovascular events, such as @entity731 , compared with traditional NSAIDs. In @entity455 , there is increased expression of both @entity9859 and @entity2247 , resulting in enhanced @entity3009 generation. The specific role of @entity9859 and @entity2247 in vascular regulation is still unknown but such knowledge is essential for the effective use of coxibs. Although more evidence is pointing to selective @entity9859 inhibition as a therapeutic measure in inflammatory @entity731 , there are some studies that suggest that inhibition of @entity2247 might have a potential benefit on @entity731 .

title: Cyclooxygenase isoforms and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI toxicity', 'GI injury']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prior to the present study, the seroprevalence of @entity2926 in Irish suckler herds was unknown. In this study, we describe the herd and animal-level prevalence of @entity281 in the Irish suckler @entity291 population. For the purposes of the study, the 26 counties of the Republic of Ireland were divided into 6 regions from which a representative number of herds were selected. A herd was considered eligible for sampling if it was not vaccinating against @entity2926 and if it contained   >=    9 breeding animals of beef breed   >=    12   months of age. In total, 288 randomly selected herds were eligible for inclusion in the seroprevalence dataset analysis. Serological testing was carried out using a commercially available monoclonal antibody-capture ELISA, (sensitivity 100%; specificity 86.67%). RESULTS: Herds were categorised as either "Free from Infection" or "Infected" using the epidemiological software tool, FreeCalc 2.0. Using this classification, 237 herds were "Infected" (82.29%). The South West and South East regions had the highest herd prevalence. The regional effect on herd prevalence was largely mirrored by breeding herd size. A true animal-level prevalence of 41.75% was calculated using the epidemiological software tool, TruePrev. There was a statistically significant regional trend, with true prevalence being highest in the South East (P   <   0.05). The median Breeding Herd Size (BHS), when categorised into quartiles, had a statistically significant influence on individual animal true seroprevalence (P   <   0.001); true seroprevalence increased with increasing BHS. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2926 is a widespread @entity66 in the Republic of Ireland. It is possible that economic losses due to @entity2926 in unvaccinated Irish suckler herds may be underestimated.

title: Seroprevalence of Leptospira Hardjo in the Irish suckler XXXX population.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Leptospira Hardjo infection']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['endemic disease']

entities_list: @entity2926 :: ('MESH:D007922', 'Disease') :: ['leptospirosis', 'Leptospirosis']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) have often comorbid @entity167 and other @entity734 but substantial barriers to addiction care remain. The study is aimed at describing correlates associated with @entity734 and with treatment for substance use among @entity1 with @entity1032 and comorbid @entity734 cared in community mental health teams (CMHTs). METHODS: This study capitalized on data from a national survey on comorbid severe mental and substance use disorders, among 2235 subjects in 42 CMHTs nationwide. RESULTS: 26% of @entity1 with @entity1032 and comorbid misuse suffered from @entity734 on @entity167 and 21% on any other substance. Use of opioids, @entity409 , involvement with criminal justice system, but also area of residence, all were associated with @entity734 in @entity1 with @entity1032 . As regards treatment for substance use, only 50% of comorbid @entity1 with @entity1032 were treated by specialist services in the past 12months. This was associated with opioids and @entity2072 use, as well as with @entity409 , and involvement with criminal justice. @entity1 with @entity161 and those living in Central and Southern Italy, had the lowest chances to be treated for their comorbid substance use disorder. CONCLUSIONS: There are extensive unmet treatment needs among comorbid individuals with @entity1032 . Better integration of substance abuse and mental health care systems, and more effective reciprocal referral procedures, are needed.

title: Correlates of XXXX and treatment for substance use among @entity1 with comorbid severe mental and substance use disorders: Findings from the "Psychiatric and Addictive Dual Disorder in Italy (PADDI)" Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['severe mental illness', 'SMI']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence', 'substance disorders']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['dependence']


abstract: By using a series of overlapping synthetic peptides that cover more than 75% of the @entity535 sequence of the major surface glycoprotein (gp63) from @entity3667 , 11 T-cell epitopes in CBA and BALB/c @entity19 have been identified. Six of the peptides were recognized by T cells of CBA @entity19 recovered from @entity3667 @entity281 , while one was recognized by the T cells from BALB/c @entity19 recovered from the @entity281 following sublethal doses of gamma-irradiation. Lymph node cells from @entity19 immunized with the peptides also responded to a number of the same peptides (seven in CBA and one in BALB/c). Peptide @entity14819 -28 induced proliferative T-cell responses in both @entity11643 and BALB/c @entity19 . Five of the peptides ( @entity14819 -28, @entity20816 -40, p289-309, p459-471 and p467-482) induced vigorous T-cell response in CBA @entity19 but were not recognized by T cells from recovered @entity19 . Four other peptides (p321-336, p364-476, p372-385 and p378-396) were recognized by T cells from recovered CBA @entity19 but could not induce a T-cell response in normal CBA @entity19 . Three peptides (p146-171, p289-309 and p395-414) were both able to induce a T-cell response and were recognized by T cells from recovered @entity19 . However, only two peptides (p146-171 and p467-482) were able to activate T cells, which also recognized epitopes expressed by antigen-presenting cells infected with promastigotes. T cells induced by p146-171 and p467-171 or a mixture of these two peptides were mainly CD4+ and produced interleukin ( @entity2047 ) and @entity60 ( @entity60 ) but not @entity58 upon antigen stimulation in vitro. These two peptides also induced a @entity56 ( @entity56 ) response in CBA @entity19 . Furthermore, CBA @entity19 immunized with a mixture of the two peptides in Coryne parvum or entrapped in liposomes induced significant resistance against @entity3667 @entity281 . The implications of these results in terms of a synthetic vaccine against @entity232 and the mechanism of the induction of @entity630 and Th2 cells are discussed.

title: Identification and characterization of host-protective T-cell epitopes of a major surface glycoprotein (gp63) from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity3667 :: ('5664', 'Species') :: ['L. major', 'Leishmania major']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['DTH', 'classical delayed type hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity3667 :: (5664,Species) :: ['Leishmania major']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic laser treatment offers rapid relief from @entity1282 . The major drawback of laser therapy is the need for repeated treatment at 4- to 6-week intervals. Laser therapy is often done in tertiary referral centres and is said to require special expertise that is not available in many peripheral hospitals. For smaller centres, intubation is likely to be the only treatment option even though it gives less quality of palliation. AIM: To report the experience of a district general hospital in laser treatment of @entity5 . METHODS: A retrospective study on @entity1 who had laser therapy for relief from @entity5 from march 1995 to January 2000 was performed in a district general hospital in the UK. RESULTS: Forty @entity1 (25 males and 15 females) with histologically proven @entity189 were unsuitable for surgical resection. Trainees, under supervision, did 20% of the sessions. Treatment was done on a day case basis with no outpatient follow-up. The @entity1 had direct access to the service whenever @entity1282 got worse. The median number of sessions per @entity1 was 4 (range 1-13). The median palliation period per session was 7 (range 1-32) weeks. The median total palliation period was 7 months. There was no procedure-related mortality. CONCLUSION: Laser therapy is a safe, easy to teach and learn technique for relief from @entity5 . It can be done on a day case basis with minimum need for follow-up and hospital visits. Such a service could be provided in a district general hospital set-up once equipment and experience are available, thus saving @entity1 from having to travel to specialist units.

title: Use of laser in the relief of XXXX : a district hospital experience.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant dysphagia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6541 and eptifibatide are currently approved for the medical stabilization of non-ST segment elevation @entity1187 . In @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) during infusion of these drugs, conversion to abciximab, which has long term proven clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness, following PCI may be desirable. The purpose of this study was to determine if the binding or pharmacodynamics of abciximab is affected by a prior infusion of either @entity6541 or eptifibatide. METHODS: In vitro binding experiments were performed to determine if prior exposure to @entity6541 or eptifibatide altered the affinity and extent of binding of abciximab to @entity1427 /IIIa. For in vivo experiments, @entity5434 were pretreated with a bolus and 18 hour infusion of saline, @entity6541 , or eptifibatide. At the end of the initial treatment, a bolus and 12 hr infusion of abciximab was started without delay. Inhibition of @entity1423 , @entity1427 /IIIa receptor blockade and abciximab pharmacokinetics were measured during and after both infusions. RESULTS: Equilibrium binding of abciximab in vitro was unaffected by @entity6541 or eptifibatide. The extent and duration of abciximab inhibition of ex vivo @entity1423 , receptor blockade, and abciximab pharmacokinetics in monkeys during and after the abciximab infusion were not affected by prior infusion of the animals with @entity6541 or eptifibatide. CONCLUSIONS: In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that the molecular interaction of abciximab with the platelet @entity1427 /IIIa receptor is not altered by immediate prior exposure of platelets to small molecule @entity1427 /IIIa antagonists. These preclinical studies suggest that the efficacy of abciximab should not be impaired if it is initiated following termination of therapy with small molecule @entity1427 /IIIa antagonists.

title: Abciximab pharmacodynamics are unaffected by antecedent therapy with other XXXX /IIIa antagonists in non- @entity1 primates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity6541 :: ('CHEBI:9605', 'Chemical') :: ['tirofiban', 'Tirofiban']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

answer: @entity1427 :: (3674,Gene) :: ['GPIIb']