abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3124 @entity1 with @entity120 ( @entity120 ) pose additional challenges due to the existence of @entity67 . The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of hemodynamic factors on the outcome. METHODS: We reviewed the records of @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity120 admitted to the intensive care unit. In addition to evaluating traditional hemodynamic parameters, we defined severe @entity120 as right atrial pressure >20 mmHg, mean pulmonary artery pressure >55 mmHg, or cardiac index (CI) <2 L/min/m(2). We also defined the RV functional index (RFI) as pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) adjusted for CI as PASP/CI; increasing values reflect RV dysfunction. RESULTS: Fifty-three @entity1 (mean age 60 years, 72% @entity1 , 79% Blacks), were included in the study. Severe @entity120 was present in 68% of @entity1 who had higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (6.8    3.3 vs 3.8    1.6; P = 0.001) and overall in-hospital mortality (36% vs 6%; P = 0.02) compared to nonsevere @entity1 , although Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores (19.9    7.5 vs 18.5    6.04; P = 0.52) were similar and @entity295 was more frequent among nonsevere @entity120 @entity1 (31 vs 64%; P = 0.02). Severe @entity120 (P = 0.04), lower mean arterial pressure (P = 0.04), and CI (P = 0.01); need for invasive ventilation (P = 0.02) and vasopressors (P = 0.03); and higher SOFA (P = 0.001), APACHE II (P = 0.03), pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI) (P = 0.01), and RFI (P = 0.004) were associated with increased mortality. In a multivariate model, SOFA [OR = 1.45, 95% confidence interval (C.I.) = 1.09-1.93; P = 0.01], PVRI (OR = 1.12, 95% C.I. = 1.02-1.24; P = 0.02), and increasing RFI (OR = 1.06, 95% C.I. = 1.01-1.11; P = 0.01) were independently associated with mortality. CONCLUSION: @entity120 is an independent risk factor for mortality in critically ill @entity1 . Composite factors rather than individual hemodynamic parameters are better predictors of outcome. Monitoring of RV function using composite hemodynamic factors resulting in specific interventions is likely to improve survival and needs to be studied further.

title: XXXX an Independent Risk Factor for Death in Intensive Care Unit: Correlation of Hemodynamic Factors with Mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['Critically ill']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'PH']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular (RV) dysfunction']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Hypertension']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity174 is the most common @entity174 among the bones of the wrist. Plain radiography has a sensitivity of 59 to 79 percent for the diagnosis of @entity174 after injury. Casting is done to avoid complications in @entity1 with suspected @entity174 with normal radiography. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 99%. To avoid unnecessary casting and high costs, we decided to offer a way more efficient than radiography and less costly than MRI. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the present study, 175 @entity1 with suspected @entity174 along with snuff box tenderness and normal radiography were enrolled in the study. On arrival, @entity1 ' @entity158 score were determined using visual analog scale method with anatomical snuffbox tenderness and then MRI was performed on the @entity1 ' wrist and the results were recorded for @entity1 in the check list. The data was then aggregated and analyzed. RESULTS: The result of MRI for @entity174 was negative for 90.9% and positive for 9.1%. The mean @entity158 score was 7.3 in negative MRI group and 8.75 in positive MRI group, considering a significant difference. ROC curve graph showed that the sensitivity and specificity will be 87% and 57%, respectively for scores 7.5 and higher and 75% and 72%, respectively for scores 8.5 and higher. CONCLUSION: It seems that although this method, beside other criteria in the diagnosis of @entity174 , can be useful in future studies, it would not be helpful in @entity174 detection.

title: The Accuracy of XXXX Measurement in Diagnosis of Scaphoid Bone Fractures in @entity1 with Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Report of 175 Cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Scaphoid fracture', 'fracture', 'scaphoid fracture']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Preeclampsia is associated with @entity455 and augmentation index (AIX%) is an established indicator of @entity455 . Our aim was to investigate the relationship of AIX% with time-to-delivery and other outcomes in @entity1 admitted to an antenatal triage unit. METHODS: We recruited 28 @entity1 with singleton pregnancies attending antenatal triage ward for assessment of @entity101 . After 10   min rest, seated @entity551 (Omron HEM-757) and AIX% (SphygmoCor applanation tonometry pulse wave analysis, PWA) were measured by a single investigator; other clinicians remained blinded to PWA results. Routine assessment included cardiotocography, urine analysis and blood tests. Subsequent outcomes were extracted from the obstetric records. RESULTS: Mean AIX% was 19.7% (SD 11.5; range -4% to   +36%), maternal age 31 years, gestation 37 weeks, brachial BP 145/95, @entity644 39%. Nine @entity1 had @entity1468 at assessment and six subsequently developed @entity1468 . Median time-to-delivery was 10 d (IQR 1.6-25 d) and was shorter for AIX%   >=    20% (median 8.9 versus 19.8 d). AIX% was higher with @entity1468 (24.0%; SD 9.5) versus gestational @entity101 (15.2%; SD 12.4); absolute difference 8.8% (95%CI 0.1-17.5; p   =   0.05). A one-point higher AIX% (adjusted for age, urate and gestation) was associated with 0.3 d (95%CI -0.5 to 0.0; p   =   0.06) reduced time-to-delivery. A higher AIX% was also associated with induction for @entity1468 , @entity1468 , peripartum-anti- @entity101 and discharge-on-anti- @entity101 . Area under the curve (AUC) for AIX% predicting @entity1468 was 0.80 (95%CI 0.59-1.00; p   =   0.04). CONCLUSION: AIX% is associated with time-to-delivery and other outcomes in pregnancy.

title: Measurement of aortic augmentation index in pregnant XXXX with raised blood pressure and subsequent outcomes: a preliminary prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['severe preeclampsia', 'preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['brachial blood pressure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite aggressive screening @entity1 with @entity703 can present with large multifocal @entity5 . We present oncological outcomes in @entity1 with @entity1358 treated with partial nephrectomy for multifocal @entity5 with the largest lesion greater than 4 cm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1995 and 2008 we identified 58 @entity1 with @entity1358 treated at our institution with partial nephrectomy for @entity5 greater than 4 cm. Data collected included demographic parameters, @entity5 size, pathological findings and laterality. Overall and metastasis-free survival was calculated based on information from the most recent followup evaluation and imaging. RESULTS: The cohort included 41 @entity1 (71%) with @entity280 , 10 (17%) with @entity22148 and 7 (11%) with @entity1358 . Mean age was 43.7 years (range 18 to 63) and mean largest @entity5 size was 5.3 cm (range 4 to 13). A mean of 6.4 @entity703 (range 1 to 44) was resected. There was a predominance of nuclear grade 2 @entity5 (51 cases or 85%) and clear cell histology (44 or 73%), followed by papillary type I histology (7 or 11.7%). Overall and metastasis-free survival rates were 93% and 96.5%, respectively, at a median followup of 45 months (range 2 to 163). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 -free and overall survival of our @entity1 is similar to that in the literature of those who undergo partial nephrectomy for T1B @entity5 in the sporadic population. Multifocality does not affect oncological outcomes at intermediate followup. Partial nephrectomy can be offered to @entity1 with @entity74 who present with multifocal @entity5 greater than 4 cm.

title: Oncological outcomes of partial nephrectomy for multifocal XXXX greater than 4 cm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity22148 :: ('MESH:D058249', 'Disease') :: ['Birt-Hogg-Dub   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary renal cell carcinoma', 'hereditary papillary renal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis']

entities_list: @entity280 :: ('MESH:D006623', 'Disease') :: ['von Hippel-Lindau disease']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary renal cancers', 'kidney tumors']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 98 Background: Identifying @entity1 with @entity4309 has profound impact on the clinical care of @entity1 and their families. Previous guidelines based on family history alone have shown low sensitivity. In our medical center, the detection rate of @entity4309 was <1% among @entity14 cases. METHODS: We have developed a system-based algorithm using centralized testing by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for four mismatched repair (MMR) proteins ( @entity6756 , @entity4311 , @entity4638 , and @entity14437 ) as a screening method for all newly diagnosed @entity14 @entity1 , followed by step wise testing of @entity817 mutation, @entity6756 promoter hypermethylation, +/- microsatellite instability, and germline mutation. RESULTS: From April 1, 2011, to July 11, 2012, we have screened 116 @entity1 . IHC detected absent expression of at least one of the MMR proteins in 18 cases. Three cases showed missing expression of @entity4311 / @entity4638 and the presence of a germline mutation in @entity4638 was confirmed in two cases. The newest case is still being investigated for germline mutation. Of the remaining 15 cases, 10 showed the presence of @entity817 @entity8554 mutation, two showed hypermethylation of the @entity6756 promoter, and one showed germline @entity6756 mutation. Two cases showed no @entity817 @entity8554 mutation, no @entity6756 promoter hypermethylation or germline gene mutation. Overall, of 116 cases, three cases have confirmed @entity4309 with the detection of a germline mutation, two cases most likely have @entity4309 but without any detectable germline mutation of @entity6756 or @entity14437 using the current detecting methods. CONCLUSIONS: Our system-based screening algorithm using reflex immunohistochemistry of four MMR proteins has resulted in excellent detection rate of approximately 4% to 5% (5 out of 116 cases), consistent with the expected @entity4309 prevalence rate in the population. This represents a marked improvement over our previous family history-based approach in @entity4309 screening.

title: Improving detection of @entity4309 using a reflex immunohistochemistry algorithm for all XXXX with newly diagnosed @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Surgical correction of @entity17431 , when associated with @entity3572 , often has improved results with combined orthodontic and surgical correction compared with orthodontic treatment alone. Strong consideration of surgical correction of @entity3572 should be based on the following questions: 1) Do the @entity1 's goals for treatment place a high priority on improvement in facial esthetics? As a corollary, even @entity1 who are not particularly concerned with facial esthetics, but who may have a worsening in facial appearance as a result of orthodontic camouflage, should be considered for surgical correction. This may include @entity1 with lack of upper lip support, an obtuse nasolabial angle, a large nose, and a long lower face height, all of which may become more apparent as a result of orthodontic camouflage treatment. 2) Are the orthodontic movements required in excess of the envelope of discrepancy so that adequate orthodontic correction may not be achieved? 3) Could orthodontic-surgical treatment result in a significant decrease in treatment time? An example would be when surgical treatment in combination with orthodontics could be accomplished without extraction, whereas orthodontic treatment alone would require extraction and space closure. 4) Is there adequate @entity1 compliance? Would orthodontic treatment alone be as ineffective without adequate @entity1 cooperation? 5) Are the risks of surgery within acceptable levels? Are the benefits of surgical treatment, as previously described, obvious?

title: Orthognathic surgery versus orthodontic camouflage in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3572 :: ('MESH:D008336', 'Disease') :: ['mandibular deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17431 :: ('MESH:D008312', 'Disease') :: ['Class II malocclusions']

answer: @entity3572 :: (MESH:D008336,Disease) :: ['mandibular deficiency']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity419 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-18 FDG PET/CT) follow-up imaging after treatment in @entity1 with @entity281 ( @entity281 ) could provide useful prognostic information and determine the residual @entity281 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: There are seldom data on the capability of follow-up imaging methods to predict @entity66 and treatment efficacy in @entity1 with @entity281 . METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with @entity281 underwent F-18 FDG PET/CT at initial and during follow-up. From F-18 FDG PET/CT, quantitative indexes were obtained. The residual @entity281 was determined by the presence of preoperative symptoms, @entity1503 marker, and radiologic findings. RESULTS: The SUVmax were significantly declined after treatment in both of residual (2.85 +/- 1.17 vs. 2.06 +/- 1.03; P < 0.0001) and nonresidual @entity281 (4.31 +/- 2.07 vs. 1.44 +/- 0.46; P < 0.0001). The SUVmean were also decreased after treatment in both of residual (1.45 +/- 0.45 vs. 1.04 +/- 0.29; P = 0.0014) and nonresidual @entity281 (2.09 +/- 1.03 vs. 0.81 +/- 0.25; P < 0.0001). By lesion-based analysis, when < or =43.01% of %deltaSUVmax was used as threshold value, the area under curve (AUC) was 0.879 (P = 0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity were 85.7% and 82.6%, respectively. When < or =44.12% of %deltaSUVmean was used as threshold value, AUC was 0.828 (P = 0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity were 85.7% and 68%, respectively. In @entity1 -based analysis, when < or =46.14% of %deltaSUVmax was used as threshold value, AUC was 0.904 (P = 0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 76.9%, respectively. When < or =41.78% of %deltaSUVmean was used as threshold value, AUC was 0.923 (P = 0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity were 100%, 76.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION: F-18 FDG PET/CT is useful for discrimination of residual and nonresidual @entity281 after treatment. Among the various quantitative indexes, %deltaSUVmax is a potent predictor of residual @entity281 in the current study.

title: XXXX of spine infection using F-18 FDG PET/CT.

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['F-18 fluoro-deoxy-glucose']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['SI', 'spinal infection']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Prediction of residual disease']


abstract: Between 1 January 1984 and 31 December 1992, 66 @entity1 with hepatic metastases from @entity14 underwent liver resection. 40 of these @entity1 had synchronous hepatic metastases, and liver resection was carried out simultaneously with radical resection of the primary @entity5 ; in 26 cases metachronous metastases in the liver were surgically removed. 25 @entity1 had an anatomical resection and the remainder underwent atypical resections. The postoperative mortality rate was 4.5% and the major complication rate was 19.7%. Univariate and subsequently multivariate analyses were used to predict the influence of various clinical, histopathological and surgical variables. The observed 5-year survival rate was 29.6% and the 5-year disease-free survival rate 13.9%. Furthermore, the observed median survival time was 24.7 months and the mean disease-free survival time was 16.7 months. Multivariate analysis showed that stage of primary ( @entity18190 ) (P = 0.043), @entity5 grading (P = 0.013) and site of primary (P = 0.007) were factors which independently influenced 5-year disease-free survival whereas stage of primary ( @entity18190 ) (P = 0.008), @entity5 grading (P = 0.004) and type of resection (P = 0.035) were identified as having independent influence on 5-year observed survival. We consider liver resection to be an effective form of treatment for @entity1 with resectable liver metastases from @entity14 , although the overall chances for cure are generally not very promising. It appears that the biological behaviour of the primary @entity5 , in terms of @entity5 stage and grading, has the greatest influence on survival.

title: Hepatic resection for metastases from XXXX --a survival analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal carcinomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peripheral Arterial Disease [PAD], a manifestation of systemic @entity731 , is highly prevalent both in community studies and in primary care practice. Estimation of ankle brachial index [ABI] by ultrasound Doppler is the standard screening method for the detection of @entity731 in PAD @entity1 . A low ABI is associated with increased risk of @entity64 or transient @entity63 attack, @entity741 and lower extremity gangrene. Though prevalence is high, physician and @entity1 awareness of the condition is low. Primary care physicians are not well versed with the use of Doppler. Initial cost of the equipment is another adverse factor in low income countries. Detection of ankle systolic pressure by palpatory method may offer a cheap, simple and useful alternative approach in office care settings for early detection of disease. This may lead to the use of risk reduction strategies to avoid significant future morbidity and mortality. METHODS: The sample size of 230 @entity1 was identified. @entity1 were divided into control (100 cases), high risk asymptomatic (100 cases) and symptomatic groups (30 cases). Ankle systolic pressure was measured by digital palpation of foot arteries and by the gold standard Doppler technique in all @entity1 in the three groups. PAD was defined by an ABI of < 0.9. RESULTS: In control group, mean +/- SD value of ABI was 1.0115 +/- 0.08167 by Doppler method versus 0.9923 +/- 0.08609 by palpatory method (p = 0.1), in high risk asymptomatic group, 0.9838 +/- 0.08878 versus 0.9608 +/- 0.10377 (p = 0.13) and in symptomatic group, 0.9302 +/- 0.14064 versus 0.9088 +/- 0.13274 (p = 0.12). Against the more precise Doppler method, palpatory method was equally good in detecting the PAD positive cases. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis of PAD in primary care practice by manual palpation of foot arteries is a reliable method to identitfy the population at risk and may lead to aggressive preventive therapies.

title: Detection of XXXX by ankle brachial index: evaluation of palpatory method versus ultrasound Doppler technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Genetic analysis of two consanguineous Pakistani families with @entity3798 was performed with the goal to establish genotype-phenotype correlation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Genomic DNA extraction had been done from peripheral blood samples. Extracted DNA was then subjected to PCR (polymerase chain reaction) for amplification. Linkage analysis was performed using 8% @entity2975 gel. Candidate gene was sequenced after gene linkage supported at highly polymorphic microsatellite markers of the diseased region. RESULTS: Both families were initially tested for linkage to known genes, which were involved in @entity1 @entity74 , by genotyping Highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. Family B showed partial linkage at @entity15450 gene on chromosome 13q14.11-q21.32; hence, all exonic regions and their introns boundaries were subjected to DNA sequencing for any pathogenic mutation. CONCLUSION: Both families were tested for linkage by genotyping polymorphic microsatellite markers linked to known @entity1665 loci. Family A excluded all known diseased regions that is suggestive of some novel @entity2526 . However, sequencing of @entity15450 gene in family B showed no pathogenic mutation.

title: Genetic dissection of two Pakistani families with consanguineous XXXX ( @entity3798 ).

entities_list: @entity3798 :: ('MESH:D007039', 'Disease') :: ['localized autosomal recessive hypotrichosis']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal disorder']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary hypotrichosis']

answer: @entity3798 :: (MESH:D007039,Disease) :: ['localized autosomal recessive hypotrichosis']


abstract: Insulitis is considered the histopathological hallmark of type I (insulin-dependent) @entity6 . In the non-obese @entity6 (NOD) @entity19 , @entity6 has never been observed in the @entity2048 . The in vivo detection of insulitis could be of relevance for early prediction of @entity6 . As approximately 15% of islet-infiltrating lymphocytes express @entity2047 receptors, we have labelled recombinant @entity2047 with 123I and used this radiopharmaceutical to detect insulitis by gamma camera imaging. We studied 71 prediabetic NOD and 27 normal Balb/c @entity19 . Labelled alpha-lactalbumin was used as the control protein. In the first set of experiments we studied the tissue distribution of radiolabelled @entity2047 in isolated organs from animals sacrificed at different time points. Higher radioactivity was detected in the pancreas of NOD @entity19 injected with labelled @entity2047 , as compared to NOD @entity19 receiving labelled alpha-lactalbumin (p < 0.003 at 20 min: p < 0.001 at 40 min; p < 0.001 at 60 min) or Balb/c @entity19 injected with labelled @entity2047 (p < 0.05 at 40 min; p < 0.001 at 60 min). In another set of experiments, gamma camera images have been acquired after injection of 123I-labelled @entity2047 . Radioactivity in the pancreatic region of prediabetic NOD and Balb/c @entity19 showed similar kinetics to those observed by single organ counting, with higher accumulation in the pancreatic region of NOD @entity19 (p < 0.04 after 22-45 min in NOD @entity19 vs Balb/c @entity19 ).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: New approach for in vivo detection of insulitis in type I diabetes: activated lymphocyte targeting with 123I-labelled XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['absence of insulitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity2047 :: (16183(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['interleukin 2']


abstract: IL-12 is a 70-kDa heterodimeric cytokine composed of two covalently linked chains, @entity4666 and @entity10669 . IL-12 has multiple effects on T and NK cells and recently was found to be required for optimal @entity1198 cell development. In a variety of inflammatory @entity272 including @entity56 and @entity56 , @entity1198 cells appear to be critically involved. Because keratinocytes are well known to exhibit the capacity to release a variety of proinflammatory and immunologic cytokines, and thereby to be able to modulate inflammatory and immune reactions within the skin, it was investigated whether @entity1 keratinocytes and keratinocyte cell lines can release IL-12. Supernatants of @entity10670 ( @entity10671 ) stimulated @entity1 @entity957 cell lines (KB, A431) induced @entity379 production by PBL. This activity could be completely blocked by the addition of an anti-IL-12 Ab directed against the @entity4666 subunit of IL-12 (C8.6). Release of IL-12 by keratinocyte cell lines was further confirmed by an RIA specific for @entity4666 . Immunoprecipitation under reducing conditions using the C8.6 Ab yielded specific bands at 40 kDa in supernatants of both KB cells and normal @entity1 keratinocytes. Northern blot analysis revealed IL-12-specific mRNA transcripts in PDBu-treated KB cells using cDNA probes encoding for @entity10669 and @entity4666 . Moreover, by reverse transcription PCR specific transcripts for @entity10669 and @entity4666 were found in keratinocytes. These data indicate that keratinocyte cell lines and, although to a much lesser degree, normal @entity1 keratinocytes, exhibit the capacity to make IL-12; thus demonstrating for the first time IL-12 production by nonhemopoietic cells. Thus, one may speculate that keratinocytes via this capacity may influence the fate of Th-mediated immune responses, favoring @entity1198 responses by enhanced production of IL-12 or Th2 responses by reduced IL-12 release.

title: IL-12 is expressed and released by XXXX keratinocytes and @entity957 cell lines.

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity10670 :: ('MESH:D015240', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['delayed type hypersensitivity', 'contact hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mitotic spindles use an elegant @entity162 to segregate duplicated chromosomes with high fidelity. Bipolar spindles form from a monopolar initial condition; this is the most fundamental construction problem that the spindle must solve. Microtubules, motors, and @entity2915 are important for bipolarity, but the mechanisms necessary and sufficient for spindle assembly remain unknown. We describe a physical model that exhibits de novo bipolar spindle formation. We began with physical properties of @entity6739 spindle pole body size and microtubule number, kinesin-5 motors, kinesin-14 motors, and passive @entity2915 . Our model results agree quantitatively with our experiments in @entity6739 , thereby establishing a minimal system with which to interrogate collective self-assembly. By varying the features of our model, we identify a set of functions essential for the generation and stability of spindle bipolarity. When kinesin-5 motors are present, their bidirectionality is essential, but spindles can form in the presence of passive @entity2915 . We also identify characteristic failed states of spindle assembly-the persistent monopole, X spindle, separated asters, and short spindle, which are avoided by the creation and maintenance of antiparallel microtubule overlaps. Our model can guide the identification of new, multifaceted strategies to induce mitotic catastrophes; these would constitute novel strategies for @entity5 chemotherapy.

title: Physical determinants of bipolar mitotic spindle assembly and stability in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['fission-yeast', 'fission yeast']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar architecture']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['cross-linkers alone', 'cross-linkers']

answer: @entity6739 :: (4896,Species) :: ['fission yeast']


abstract: A 21-month-old @entity1 presented with a papular rash, lymphoadenopathy, and @entity381 . He developed symmetric @entity625 , @entity221 , and progressive @entity631 . Serologies for viral agents including @entity645 were negative. Antinuclear antibody was transiently positive, but no anti-DNA antibodies were present. CH50 and serum C3 values were low. Biopsies of skin, kidney, bone marrow, and lymph node were obtained. There was a perivascular and periadnexal lymphocytic infiltrate in the skin, with a normal epidermis. Renal biopsy showed proliferative mesangial @entity631 . Bone marrow showed an increased number of plasma cells. Lymph node showed histologic changes described in multicentric @entity12692 including marked @entity1373 , vascular proliferation, and interfollicular expansion with numerous plasma cells. @entity650 mRNA was demonstrated in cells in the marginal zone and interfollicular regions of the node by in situ hybridization. Likewise, the serum @entity650 level was elevated during a clinical exacerbation of the @entity1 's @entity1310 . These data suggest an underlying @entity1071 , such as @entity12692 , with overproduction of @entity650 resulting in systemic features of the disease, including @entity631 .

title: Increased @entity650 ( XXXX ) production in a young @entity1 with clinical and pathologic features of multicentric @entity12692 .

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disorder']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['follicular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity12692 :: ('MESH:D005871', 'Disease') :: ["Castleman's disease"]

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['IL-6']


abstract: The effects of @entity9748 (a new, nonselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist) and its active metabolite, 18-502, on the regional @entity296 during @entity1563 were studied. Mongrel @entity235 were anesthetized with @entity4485 and the thorax was opened to expose the heart. The left anterior descending coronary artery ( @entity3980 ) was incompletely (or partially) occluded so that the @entity3980 flow could be reduced to about one third of the original flow. Regional @entity296 of the @entity3980 area was continuously measured by a tissue pH monitor. Drugs were injected intravenously 30 minutes after @entity3980 partial @entity432 . The @entity296 in the @entity3980 area decreased in response to @entity3980 partial @entity432 (from 7.3-7.4 to 6.72-6.92), and the low pH value was sustained for 60 minutes after @entity432 . @entity2165 (1 mg/kg) decreased heart rate markedly and attenuated the regional @entity296 induced by @entity3980 partial @entity432 . @entity9748 (1 mg/kg) decreased heart rate and 18-502 (0.5 mg/kg) @entity551 . Both drugs attenuated to a similar degree the decrease of regional @entity296 induced by @entity432 . In the @entity235 whose heart rate was maintained constant, however, @entity9748 (1 mg/kg) did not attenuate the decrease of regional @entity296 induced by @entity432 . These results suggest that both @entity9748 and 18-502 attenuate the @entity63 -induced regional acidosis of the myocardium as does @entity2165 , and, hence, have an anti- @entity63 action. The beneficial action of @entity9748 on @entity63 -induced @entity296 is possibly due to a decrease of heart rate, which corresponds to a saving of energy in the myocardial cells.

title: @entity9748 and its metabolite 18-502 attenuate regional @entity296 during partial @entity432 of the coronary artery in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial pH', 'myocardial acidosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decreased heart rate and blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity9748 :: ('MESH:C036007', 'Chemical') :: ['bopindolol', 'Bopindolol']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion', 'LAD occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['Atenolol', 'atenolol']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A 29-year-old @entity1 was referred to a multidisciplinary pituitary clinic with a 3.5-year history of central @entity2010 , initially presumed to be idiopathic based on a normal MRI scan of the pituitary gland. Subsequent scanning revealed a suprasellar mass, which demonstrated progressive enlargement on serial imaging. He also developed @entity6126 . INVESTIGATIONS: Measurement of levels of serum morning fasting @entity701 , @entity4545 , total @entity251 , luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, insulin-like growth factor 1, TSH and free T(4), MRI of the pituitary gland and a transsphenoidal biopsy of a pituitary mass were performed. DIAGNOSIS: @entity4611 presenting with @entity2010 , with development of @entity6126 and a suprasellar mass. MANAGEMENT: The @entity1 was treated with intranasal desmopressin and transdermal @entity251 . The underlying @entity4611 was initially managed conservatively with serial MRI and visual field testing. No immunosuppressant medication was given and, aside from the diagnostic transsphenoidal biopsy, no surgical intervention was required. He subsequently developed @entity1375 , secondary @entity1887 and @entity2338 . These disorders were managed with @entity1955 and @entity229 .

title: @entity4611 with XXXX in a young @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['growth hormone deficiency']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic hypophysitis', 'Lymphocytic hypophysitis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadotropic hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity2010 :: (MESH:D003919,Disease) :: ['diabetes insipidus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the experience with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in adult postcardiotomy @entity1455 and evaluate quality of life (QOL) in survivals. METHODS: During 4 years 62 of 12, 644 @entity1 (0.49%) undergoing cardiac surgery (valve procedures, n = 39; coronary artery bypass grafting, n = 13; coronary artery bypass grafting plus valve procedures, n = 4; heart transplantation, n = 4, and total aortic arch replacement, n = 2) required temporary postoperative ECMO support. At follow-up (mean 2.3 +/- 1.5 years, 100% complete), 32 were still alive and answered the Short-Form 36 Health Survey QOL questionnaire. RESULTS: Mean duration of ECMO support was 61 +/- 37 hors. Forty @entity1 (64.5%) were successfully weaned from ECMO. Thirty-four @entity1 (54.8%) were discharged from hospital after 44.3 +/- 17.6 days. The in-hospital mortality was 45.2%. The main cause of @entity204 was @entity881 . The postoperative peak @entity880 levels >or= 12 mmol/L before ECMO initiation was a risk factor of in-hospital @entity204 . Mean QOL scores between the ECMO survivors and other @entity1 after cardiac surgery without ECMO support showed no significant difference, except that the vitality and mental health were significant lower in the ECMO survivors (P < 0.05). Both the ECMO survivors and the @entity1 without ECMO support have significant lower QOL scores (except the vitality and mental health) relative to their respective Chinese population norms (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: ECMO offers sufficient cardiopulmonary support in adults. Early indication, reduced complication could improve results with increasing experience. However, ECMO survivors had lower physical and mental health that need to be recovered.

title: [Clinical experience with adults receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for XXXX and quality of life in survivals].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity1455 :: (MESH:D012770,Disease) :: ['cardiogenic shock']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Very few data on anti-malarial efficacy are available from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). DRC changed its anti-malarial treatment policy to @entity16944 (AQ) and @entity506 (AS) in 2005. METHODS: The results of two in vivo efficacy studies, which tested AQ and @entity1484 (SP) monotherapies and AS+SP and AS+AQ combinations in Boende (Equatorial province), and AS+SP, AS+AQ and SP in Kabalo (Katanga province), between 2003 and 2004 are presented. The methodology followed the WHO 2003 protocol for assessing the efficacy of anti-malarials in areas of high transmission. RESULTS: Out of 394 included @entity1 in Boende, the failure rates on day 28 after PCR-genotyping adjustment of AS+SP and AS+AQ were estimated as 24.6% [95% CI: 16.6-35.5] and 15.1% [95% CI: 8.6-25.7], respectively. For the monotherapies, failure rates were 35.9% [95% CI: 27.0-46.7] for SP and 18.3% [95% CI: 11.6-28.1] for AQ. Out of 207 @entity1 enrolled in Kabalo, the failure rate on day 28 after PCR-genotyping adjustment was 0 [1-sided 95% CI: 5.8] for AS+SP and AS+AQ [1-sided 95% CI: 6.2]. It was 19.6% [95% CI: 11.4-32.7] for SP monotherapy. CONCLUSION: The finding of varying efficacy of the same combinations at two sites in one country highlights one difficulty of implementing a uniform national treatment policy in a large country. The poor efficacy of AS+AQ in Boende should alert the national programme to foci of resistance and emphasizes the need for systems for the prospective monitoring of treatment efficacy at sentinel sites in the country.

title: Varying efficacy of XXXX + @entity16944 and @entity506 + @entity1484 for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a report of two in-vivo studies.

entities_list: @entity16944 :: ('MESH:D000655', 'Chemical') :: ['amodiaquine']

entities_list: @entity1484 :: ('MESH:C001205', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine']

entities_list: @entity506 :: ('MESH:C039726', 'Chemical') :: ['artesunate']

answer: @entity506 :: (MESH:C039726,Chemical) :: ['artesunate']


abstract: @entity12388 (GCRVs) cause acute @entity294 in @entity1 and animals worldwide and the evidence for a possible zoonotic role of GCRVs has been recently provided. However, there is little evidence of porcine GCRV @entity281 or of their genetic diversity in South Korea. We examined 137 diarrheic fecal specimens from 55 farms collected from six provinces. RT-PCR utilizing primer pairs specific for the GCRV VP6 gene detected GCRV-positive reactions in 36 (26.2%) diarrheic fecal samples. Of these, 17 samples (12.4%) tested positive for porcine GCRVs alone and 19 samples (13.8%) were also positive for other pathogens. Other enteric pathogens except for GCRV were detected in 64 feces samples (46.7%) and no enteric pathogens were evident in 37 feces samples (27.0%). Phylogenetic and sequence homology analyses of GCRV partial VP6 gene between 23 Korean and other known porcine GCRVs demonstrated that Korean strains belonged to the porcine lineage. Furthermore, one Korean porcine strain shared the highest @entity377 (89.7-89.0%) and deduced @entity535 sequence (92.9-93.9%) identities with @entity291 GCRV strains and was placed in the @entity291 GCRV lineage indicative of @entity291 origin. In conclusion, porcine GCRV @entity281 are widespread in piglets with @entity294 in South Korea. The infecting porcine GCRVs mostly belong to the porcine lineage with the exception of one @entity291 -like GCRV, which possibly originated from @entity291 GCRV due to interspecies transmission.

title: Detection and molecular characterization of porcine XXXX in South Korea.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity12388 :: ('36427', 'Species') :: ['Group C rotaviruses']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity12388 :: (36427,Species) :: ['group C rotaviruses']


abstract: The safety and efficacy of step-one therapy with @entity4688 , a new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and @entity1406 were compared in a double-blind, multicenter study involving 150 @entity1 who had mild to moderate essential @entity101 . After a four-week period of placebo run-in, therapy was initiated with twice-daily administration of either 5 mg of @entity4688 (N = 75) or 50 mg of @entity1406 (N = 75). @entity1 who did not achieve a supine diastolic blood pressure of less than 90 mm Hg after six weeks of @entity4688 (maximum dose = 40 mg/d) or @entity1406 (maximum dose = 400 mg/d) had @entity918 50 mg/d added to their treatment regimen for an additional six weeks. Both treatments produced significant (P less than .001) mean reductions in supine and standing blood pressures after 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks of active therapy. Maximum reductions from baseline values of supine blood pressure in @entity4688 -treated (-25/-16 mm Hg) and @entity1406 -treated (-21/-15 mm Hg) @entity1 were observed after 12 weeks of single- or double-drug therapy. Approximately two-thirds of the @entity1 responded to single-drug therapy; when @entity918 was added, response rates increased to 88% of the @entity1 treated with @entity4688 and 80% of the @entity1 treated with @entity1406 . @entity4688 produced a consistently greater reduction in systolic blood pressure. Blacks had a significantly smaller mean blood pressure response to both @entity4688 and @entity1406 than did nonblacks. @entity1406 @entity1 had significant mean pulse rate reductions; @entity4688 @entity1 had no significant change. Four @entity4688 -treated and six @entity1406 -treated @entity1 discontinued treatment because of side effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A comparison of @entity4688 and @entity1406 as initial therapy for mild to moderate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril', 'Enalapril']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol', 'Metoprolol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Racial and ethnic disparities in @entity64 care in the United States have been previously reported. This study investigated possible racial and ethnic disparities in the administration and outcome of recombinant @entity1456 (rtPA) therapy for acute @entity385 in whites, blacks, Hispanics, and Asian/Pacific Islanders. Using the National Inpatient Sample for 2001-2008, we selected @entity1 with a primary diagnosis of acute @entity385 who received treatment with rtPA. @entity1 data were stratified by race (white, black, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander). We analyzed the association of @entity1 race on rtPA utilization rate, in-hospital morbidity (ie, discharge to long-term facility), @entity932 ( @entity932 ) rate, and in-hospital mortality. We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine independent predictors of poor outcomes. White @entity1 had a higher rate of tPA utilization than black and Hispanic @entity1 (2.3% vs 1.8% and 2.0%, respectively; P < .0001 for both groups). There was no difference in the rate of tPA utilization between whites and Asian/Pacific Islanders (2.3% vs 2.2% P = .07). Multivariate analysis of morbidity, mortality, and @entity932 rates found that Asian/Pacific Islanders had significantly higher rates of mortality (odds ratio, 1.22, 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.44; P = .02) and @entity932 (odds ratio, 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.91-2.11; P < .0001) compared with whites. rtPA utilization was greater in white and Asian/Pacific Islander @entity1 than in black and Hispanic @entity1 . Asian/Pacific Islander race was associated with increased risk of @entity932 and mortality after rtPA administration.

title: Racial and ethnic disparities in the use of intravenous recombinant @entity1456 and outcomes for acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage', 'ICH']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: This study aimed to clarify the difference in the effects of @entity13101 and @entity19794 administration on hepatic energy metabolism during hepatic warm @entity63 and reperfusion. In the first experiment, Ringer's @entity598 ( @entity1984 ) or Ringer's @entity880 (LR) solutions were administered intravenously during 20 min of hepatic @entity432 in @entity95 . Blood gas analyses and measurements of blood pressure, @entity2388 , @entity880 , and @entity6178 body concentrations in arterial blood were performed until 30 min of reperfusion. Hepatic tissue @entity1708 concentrations were determined at the end of the experiment. With @entity1984 administration, the plasma @entity2388 level and the ratio of @entity2388 to @entity880 were significantly elevated during reperfusion. Hepatic energy charge at 30 min of reperfusion improved significantly (P < 0.001) with @entity1984 compared with LR administration. Plasma @entity6178 body concentrations decreased markedly with LR administration, but were maintained with @entity1984 administration. In the second experiment, intravenous administration of @entity1984 or LR, @entity99 , and reperfusion were similarly performed in @entity95 . @entity6178 body concentrations were determined in arterial and vena cava blood at 0 min, 20 min of @entity432 , and 30 min of reperfusion. With @entity1984 administration, a large arteriovenous difference in @entity6178 body concentrations was observed, indicating utilization in the peripheral tissues. With LR administration, no arteriovenous difference was observed. Availability of energy substrate in peripheral tissues by administration of @entity1984 is thought to decrease the metabolic load to the liver and to improve hepatic energy status during reperfusion.

title: Effects of Ringer's @entity598 solution during transient hepatic XXXX in @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity13101 :: ('MESH:D019346', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium acetate']

entities_list: @entity1708 :: ('CHEBI:61293', 'Chemical') :: ['adenine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity6178 :: ('CHEBI:17087', 'Chemical') :: ['Ketone', 'ketone']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['inflow occlusion']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic ischemia']

entities_list: @entity19794 :: ('MESH:D019354', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium lactate']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['inflow occlusion']


abstract: @entity1550 ) is a matrix metalloproteinase recently identified on the basis of differential expression in normal breast tissues and in @entity0 . To date, collagenase-3 expression has been reported only in @entity0 and in articular cartilage of @entity5144 @entity1 ; the presence and possible implication of this enzyme in the progression of other @entity5 are unknown. In this study collagenase-3 mRNA expression has been analysed by northern blot in a series of 35 matched @entity957 of the larynx and the corresponding adjacent non-neoplastic tissues. In addition, mRNA expression of @entity1551 ( @entity1551 ) and gelatinase A, two matrix metalloproteinases which have the ability to activate collagenase-3 in vitro, was also examined in the same cases. No collagenase-3 expression was detected in any of the 35 normal mucosae, but collagenase-3 mRNA was observed in 20 of the 35 @entity189 (57 per cent). Western blot analysis revealed the presence of collagenase-3 protein in those @entity189 with high levels of mRNA expression, whereas no protein was detected in the @entity189 with negative mRNA expression, or in any of the normal tissues. The protein was localized predominantly in @entity5 epithelial cells. Collagenase-3 expression correlated significantly with better histological differentiation of the @entity5 (p = 0.026), as well as with advanced local invasion (p = 0.026). Collagenase-3 upregulation was also significantly associated with @entity1551 and gelatinase A overexpression. These findings suggest that collagenase-3 expression may contribute to the progression of a significant subset of @entity957 of the larynx and that its coordinate overexpression with @entity1551 and gelatinase A may have a cooperative effect in the progression of the @entity5 .

title: Collagenase-3 expression is associated with advanced local invasion in @entity1 XXXX of the larynx.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['arthritic']

entities_list: @entity1551 :: ('4323', 'Gene') :: ['membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase', 'MT1-MMP']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We investigated retrospectively the clinical outcome of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with @entity4936 ( @entity4936 ) in @entity1 with exudative @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) and subfoveal occult @entity1940 (OCN). METHODS: 77 consecutive @entity1 (90 eyes) with OCN were retrospectively analysed using a standardised protocol. It included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) pre- and post-PDT, @entity1940 ( @entity15224 ), ophthalmoscopic findings, optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus photography and @entity941 angiography (FAG). The findings were descriptively analysed by Spearman rank correlation and cross-tabulation. RESULTS: Age ranged from 52 to 92 years (median: 79 years). 7 (8 %) of 90 PDT eyes gained > or = 2 lines, 67 (74 %) eyes stabilised with +/- 1 line. 17 eyes (18 %) showed a deterioration with loss of > or = 2 lines. BCVA of all cases was pre-PDT 0.33 (+/- 0.2), post-PDT 0.27 (+/- 0.2, p < 0.05), in the improvement group pre-PDT 0.4, post-PDT 0.7 in the stable cases pre-/post-PDT 0.3 and in the deterioration group pre-PDT 0.4 and post-PDT 0.2. @entity15224 of all cases was pre-PDT 3.91 mm (minimum: 0.76 mm, maximum: 5.43 mm). From 86 eyes with OCT follow-up of at least 3 months 51 (60 %) had dry macula after last PDT and 35 (40 %) persistent @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ) in OCT. In 21 eyes (23 %) with leakage of @entity941 after last PDT, treatment was terminated. 10 eyes (47 %) had @entity2479 stage III, of these, 6 eyes presented with retinochoroidal anastomoses. 4 eyes (18 %) showed after @entity4906 retinochoroidal anastomoses, 2 (10 %) vitreomacular traction in epiretinal membrane of the macula, 2 (10 %) had a tear of the retinal pigment epithelium, 1 (5 %) eye had a @entity15224 > 7200 microm, in 1 eye (5 %) BCVA was < 0.05 and in 1 eye (5 %) treatment was stopped at request of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: According to our study PDT might be helpful in the treatment of OCN in @entity1020 @entity1 for stabilisation but not for improvement of BCVA. Results from large multicentre studies show that concerning BCVA ranibizumab (Lucentis) is superior to PDT in OCN. Further studies are required to investigate the outcome of combined therapy with PDT and @entity7 inhibitors for reducing the number of treatments or the number of recurrences of @entity3193 .

title: [Photodynamic therapy with XXXX in occult @entity1940 in @entity1020 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4936 :: ('MESH:C098350', 'Chemical') :: ['Visudyne', 'verteporfin']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['greatest linear dimension of OCN', 'choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal angiomatous proliferation']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['ME', 'macular edema']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularisation']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['ARMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

answer: @entity4936 :: (MESH:C098350,Chemical) :: ['verteporfin']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Worsening and irreducible evolution of neural involvement in @entity850 requires cord decompression. Different techniques have been proposed. We associated a dual posterior then anterior approach to achieve 360 degrees decompression. We evaluated results on the basis of neurological and mechanical outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 , 16 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 , mean age 60.2 years (range 40-82) underwent surgery between 1989 and 1999 for severe cervical @entity850 . @entity1 were referred for neurological symptoms: 20 for radicular symptoms (8 @entity158 , 11 motor deficit, 12 sensitive deficit). Fifteen @entity1 presented @entity1109 . @entity9917 in 11 and tetraparesia in 3. Neurological involvement was scored according to Nurick (average 1.74) and JOA (average 12.6). @entity158 was scored on the Robinson scale. Levels to decompress were identified on static and dynamic plain x-rays, CT scans and MRI. Myelography was rarely used (first case only). MRI demonstrated preoperative myelomalacia in 5 @entity1 and @entity1644 in 2. The surgical technique for 360 degrees fusion involved two steps, performed with a 1-week interval for 12 @entity1 and during the same procedure for the others. The first approach was posterior enabling spine fixation with bilateral Roy-Camille plates and decompression by laminectomy using the lobster shell technique. The anterior approach consisted in corpectomy with the Simmons technique (22 cases or multilevel interbody fusion according to Robinson. Iliac bone grafting was used in all but one @entity1 who had a fibular bone graft. Mean follow-up was 18.5 months (6-78). RESULTS: Neurological improvement was 1.74 to 0.92 on the Nurick sclae and from 12.6 to 15.2 on the JOA scale at last follow-up. Fusion was obtained in all cases. There were 2 cases of neurological worsening and one transient @entity1282 . @entity548 for the two steps was 700 ml (150 ml for the posterior procedure and 400 ml for the anterior procedure). CONCLUSION: 360 degrees arthrodesis for severe cervical @entity850 provides a satisfactory solution to mechanical problems and substantial neurological improvement. Fusion is regularly obtained without complementary anterior instrumentation. Neurological improvement is correlated with disease duration and the degree of deficit at onset. Anteroposterior decompression and 360 degrees fusion provide cure for all the components of stenotic disease. The dual approach is indicated in severe cases with cord involvement as recognized by myleopathic clinical manifestations and on the MRI.

title: [Systematic circumferential (360 degree) decompression treatment of major XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity9917 :: ('MESH:C538104', 'Disease') :: ['Pyramidal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Operative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['cervical stenosis', 'canal stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['arthrotic cervical stenosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate various phacoaspiration techniques in clear lens extraction for the incidence of intraoperative difficulties and complications. @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a prospective study in which bilateral clear lens extraction was performed on 40 eyes of 20 @entity1 , to correct high @entity1714 . The @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: group A underwent supracapsular phacoaspiration; group B were the contralateral eyes of the same @entity1 . These @entity1 were operated on with endocapsular phacoaspiration with the divide and conquer (D and C) technique. Preoperative ocular examination data were recorded and tested for significance. Intraoperative difficulties and complications such as nucleus cracking, capsule @entity397 and @entity393 , and repeated chamber collapse were recorded. Postoperative examination data were recorded. RESULTS: Mean age was 35.65 +/- 5.85 years. Mean follow-up time was 17.1 +/- 8.56 months. In group A mean @entity1714 was -17.3 +/- 5.07 diopters; in group B @entity1714 was -17.9 +/- 4.20 diopters. Mean preoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 0.04 +/- 0.0167, while the mean postoperative UCVA was 0.435 +/- 0.1442. There was a significant difference in pre- and postoperative BCVA within both groups, but not between the two groups. In both groups endothelial cell count (ECC) showed a significant difference between pre- and postoperative data; however, there was no statistically significant difference between both groups in postoperative ECC. The effective phacoaspiration time for group A was 4.6 +/- 1.6 seconds, and for group B 9.90 +/- 2.27 seconds (P < 0.005). No cases of capsule @entity397 occurred in group A, but 3 cases occurred in group B (15 %) (not significant, P = 0.231). Nucleus cracking did not occur in group A, but in group B 13 cases occurred (65%). Chamber collapse occurred in 4 cases (20%) in group A and 5 cases (25%) in group B (not significant, P = 1.000). Three cases of moderate @entity86 were recorded in group B in (15%), in which posterior capsular @entity397 also occurred. No cases of @entity5890 were recorded in group A (not significant, P = 0.231). Two cases of @entity1103 were recorded in group B (10%) and none in group A (not significant, P = 0.487). CONCLUSIONS: Supracapsular phacoaspiration for clear lens extraction in correction of high @entity1714 seems to present no risk for the posterior capsule, although there is a marginal risk to the ECC.

title: Assessment of phacoaspiration techniques in clear lens extraction for correction of high XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['cystoid macular edema']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative iritis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous loss']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Integrated positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET-CT) is a well-validated modality for assessing @entity358 and specifically for estimating risk of @entity5 . @entity378 ( @entity378 ) is known to cause false-positive PET-CT findings. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the utility of PET-CT in the evaluation of @entity358 and nodules in a high @entity378 prevalence setting. METHODS: All @entity1 referred for the evaluation of a solitary pulmonary nodule or mass and who underwent PET-CT scanning over a 3-year period were included. The PET-CT findings, including maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax), were compared with the gold standard (tissue or microbiological diagnosis). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and diagnostic accuracy for @entity5 were calculated according to the SUVmax cut-off of 2.5 and a proposed cut-off obtained from a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity1 (mean (standard deviation) age 60.1 (10.2) years; 29 males) were included, of whom 30 had @entity5 . Using an SUVmax cut-off of 2.5, PET-CT had a sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy for @entity5 of 93.3%, 36.8%, 70.0%, 77.8% and 71.4%, respectively. After a ROC curve analysis, a suggested SUVmax cut-off of 5.0 improved the specificity to 78.9% and the diagnostic accuracy to 86.7%, with a small reduction in sensitivity to 90.0%. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic accuracy of PET-CT in the evaluation of @entity358 using the conventional SUVmax cut-off of 2.5 was reduced in a @entity378 . An SUVmax cut-off of 5.0 has a higher specificity and diagnostic accuracy for @entity5 , with a comparable sensitivity.

title: The diagnostic accuracy of integrated positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the evaluation of @entity358 in a XXXX -endemic area.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB-endemic area', 'Tuberculosis', 'TB']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary mass lesions']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: AIM AND OBJECTIVE: Pressure @entity1066 are a common nursing care issue in hospitals. They are associated with psychological and physical suffering, an increased morbidity and mortality rate and higher overall health care costs. The aim of the current study is to describe the frequency of pressure @entity1066 in a paediatric care setting and to identify the population at risk, as well as to assess the factors predisposing to the development of pressure @entity1066 . DESIGN: A point prevalence study. METHODS: The study was conducted in four paediatric hospitals in the German-speaking part of Switzerland and included @entity1 from the age of 0-18 years. The method of data collection was a direct systematic inspection and assessment of the skin, taking into account the clinical condition of the @entity1 for risk assessment. A valid risk assessment and data collection instrument was used and, each @entity1 was assessed by a previously instructed rater pair. RESULTS: Of all possible @entity1 , 81% (n = 155) were included. An overall pressure @entity1066 prevalence of 27.7% (including grade 1) was registered. Thirty-six @entity1 (84%) had grade 1 @entity1066 , including many caused by external medical devices. Sixty-five per cent (n = 100) of all @entity1 were considered at risk (Braden score < or = 20) of developing a pressure @entity1066 . Thirty-five per cent of @entity1 in the risk group were afflicted with one or more pressure @entity1066 . CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of pressure @entity1066 in paediatric @entity1 is greater then previously appreciated and the problem requires further exploration. The high percentage of grade 1 pressure @entity1066 caused by medical devices requires nursing interventions to prevent lesions for these @entity1 . RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The high prevalence rate in paediatric @entity1 is disconcerting and requires further exploration in terms of interventions needed to improve outcomes for this @entity1 group.

title: The prevalence of pressure XXXX in four paediatric institutions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: At the moment of surgical intervention, @entity14 involves adjacent tissues or organs in a percentage of cases ranging between 5% and 12%. "En bloc" resection of these @entity5 , when not associated with distant metastasis, allows survival at 5 years in from 32% to 79% of cases. The authors discuss their personal experience on the subject of extended resection for @entity189 of the large intestine, in order to evaluate not only the possible anatomico-clinical peculiarities but also both short and long term results. In the period from 1976 to 1993 1164 @entity1 underwent surgery for @entity14 , in 791 cases (68%) with a curative aim. 71 @entity1 underwent extended resection, in 59 cases for the curative treatment of a @entity5 and in 12 for the treatment of a local recurrence (LR). Pathologic examination revealed neoplastic infiltration into at least one of the organs removed with the @entity5 in 43 cases (61%). It must, however, be pointed out that the above frequency was considerably higher (92%) when extended resection was carried out for LR than in cases of exeresis of primary @entity5 (54%). The reported results show that extended resection leads to potentially higher morbidity and mortality than can be observed after standard resection, but that, at the same time, it proves to be the only treatment able to provide these @entity1 with good prospects for fairly long-term survival. Recourse to this procedure must therefore always be out of necessity, furthermore the extension of demolition must be adapted to the operative finding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Extended resection in XXXX . Personal experience].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: The specific recognition of DNA modifications by repair endonucleases was used to characterize damage induced by @entity9628 ( @entity9629 ) plus UvA in M13mp8 replicative form I (RF-I) DNA. Under the conditions used, 3-CPs plus UVA generates DNA base modifications which are recognized by the UvrABC complex and the Fpg protein of @entity526 . The rate of formation of UvrABC sensitive sites is 3-4-fold higher than that of Fpg sensitive sites. In addition a small number of sites of base loss (sensitive to Nfo protein) were observed. M13mp8 RF-I DNA treated with 3-CPs plus UVA was tested for transfection efficiency in @entity526 mutants defective in either Fpg protein and/or UvrABC complex. The survival of 3-CPs plus UVA damaged M13mp8 RF-I DNA was significantly reduced when transfected into uvrA mutants compared to that in the wild-type strain. On the other hand, the survival of 3-CPs plus UVA damaged RF-I DNA was not altered in fpg-1 mutants. These results show that @entity377 excision repair mediated by the UvrABC complex is the major repair pathway involved in the elimination of lethal lesions induced in DNA by 3-CPs plus UVA. Our data suggest that in vitro exposure of M13mp8 RF-I DNA to 3-CPs plus UVA produces predominantly thymine photoaddition and to a lesser extent @entity2774 photooxidation partially due to singlet @entity26 generated during photoreaction. The photoaddition products are primarly responsible for the observed lethal effect.

title: Enzymatic recognition and biological effects of DNA damage induced by XXXX plus UVA.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity9628 :: ('MESH:C017104', 'Chemical') :: ['3-carbethoxypsoralen']

answer: @entity9628 :: (MESH:C017104,Chemical) :: ['3-carbethoxypsoralen']


abstract: For a period of over two years 99 volunteer healthy homosexual @entity1 were examined periodically for the presence of interferon (IFN) in their serum. Thirty-nine subjects had either undetectable IFN levels in serum or IFN was detected only once in three to five samples tested. In another 45 subjects low IFN levels were detected throughout the study period. None of these subjects had or developed any disease symptoms. In the remaining 15 subjects high serum IFN levels were detected at their enrollment or during the study period. All these subjects started to manifest clinical symptoms compatible with @entity791 . In six subjects the mean time elapsed between the first detection of serum IFN and disease symptoms was 6.5 months. In all subjects but one, the IFN was of type alpha. The acid-stability of serum @entity3027 decreased with time, and when its decrease was abrupt it was associated with a more rapid evolution of @entity791 . Sera containing acid-labile @entity3027 can induce @entity3027 synthesis in normal lymphocyte cultures (LC), but do not influence @entity379 synthesis in LC stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. LC stimulated with viral antigens in the presence of serum with acid-labile @entity3027 synthesized IFN with an increased sensitivity for acid treatment. The results confirm the prognostic value of serum @entity3027 in the development of @entity791 , and suggest that the transition to acid-lability may be a gradual process.

title: Long-term follow-up of serum-interferon and its acid-stability in a group of homosexual XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Revision of hip implants due to adverse tissue reactions to metal debris has been associated with wear and corrosion of the metal-on-metal bearing articulation and the modular taper interface. Bearing articulation wear is increased in conditions of poor lubrication, which can also lead to high friction moments that may cause corrosion at the taper interface. This suggests that wear of the bearing and increased corrosion of the taper interface should occur simultaneously, which was investigated in this study. METHODS: Forty-three large-diameter @entity1953 - @entity3407 bearings of the same design, implanted with a @entity702 stem using a @entity702 adapter, were retrieved at revision at a single center. Retrievals were grouped according to visual inspection of the female taper surface of the adapter into slight and severe corrosion groups. Volume change of bearing and taper surfaces was assessed using a coordinate measurement machine. Serum ion concentrations were determined for forty-three @entity1 , whereas tissue metal concentration was measured for twelve @entity1 . RESULTS: Severe taper corrosion was observed in 30% of the retrievals. Corrosion was observed either as material deposition or wear. The overall bearing wear rate was significantly higher in the group with severe taper corrosion than in the group with slight corrosion (7.2    9.0 mm(3)/yr versus 3.1    6.8 mm(3)/yr, respectively; p = 0.023) as were the serum @entity1953 (40.5    44.9  g/L versus 15.2    23.9  g/L, respectively; p = 0.024) and @entity3407 ion concentrations (32.7    32.7  g/L versus 12.0    15.1  g/L, respectively; p = 0.019). Serum metal ion concentrations were more consistent indicators of wear than tissue metal concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: The increased bearing articulation wear and serum metal ion concentrations in cases with taper interface corrosion support the hypothesis that increased friction in the joint articulation is one of the factors responsible for simultaneous articulation and taper damage. However, independent taper or bearing damage was also observed, suggesting that other factors are involved in the process.

title: the relation between XXXX taper corrosion and @entity1953 - @entity3407 bearing wear in large-head metal-on-metal total hip prostheses: a retrieval study.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: Cultured dermal fibroblasts from @entity785 @entity1 express higher levels of intracellular @entity1192 than fibroblasts from healthy controls. In this study, we found that @entity785 dermal fibroblasts also express higher levels of the intracellular isoform of @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ) than normal fibroblasts after stimulation with @entity1356 or @entity310 . A possible relationship between elevated precursor @entity1192 (preIL-1 alpha) and elevated @entity1193 was investigated by transducing normal dermal fibroblasts to overexpress preIL-1 alpha, preIL-1 beta, or @entity1193 . Fibroblasts that overexpressed @entity1193 did not have elevated levels of @entity1192 . On the other hand, fibroblasts that overexpressed preIL-1 alpha had at least 4-fold higher basal levels of @entity1193 than control fibroblasts and 4-fold higher levels of @entity1193 after induction with @entity1356 or @entity310 . Fibroblasts overexpressing preIL-1 beta did not exhibit elevated @entity1193 . The differences in @entity1193 protein levels were reflected in differences in mRNA. In contrast, @entity1356 -stimulated levels of @entity2842 and @entity650 were not different in control and preIL-1 alpha-transduced fibroblasts. Addition of neutralizing anti- @entity1192 Abs to fibroblast cultures did not diminish basal or stimulated levels of @entity1193 in the preIL-1 alpha-transduced cells, supporting an intracellular site of action of preIL-1 alpha. This is the first report of an association between intracellular levels of these @entity1356 family members. We hypothesize that intracellular preIL-1 alpha participates in the regulation of @entity1193 .

title: Intracellular @entity1356 receptor antagonist is elevated in @entity1 dermal fibroblasts that overexpress intracellular precursor XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['icIL-1Ra', 'IL-1 receptor antagonist']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity1192 :: (3552,Gene) :: ['IL-1 alpha']


abstract: In the study of metabolic networks, optimization techniques are often used to predict flux distributions, and hence, metabolic phenotype. Flux balance analysis in particular has been successful in predicting metabolic phenotypes. However, an inherent limitation of a stoichiometric approach such as flux balance analysis is that it can predict only flux distributions that result in maximal yields. Hence, previous attempts to use FBA to predict metabolic fluxes in @entity1336 failed, as this @entity880 bacterium produces @entity880 , even under @entity413 -limited chemostat conditions, where FBA predicted mixed acid fermentation as an alternative pathway leading to a higher yield. In this study we tested, however, whether long-term adaptation on an unusual and poor @entity505 source (for this bacterium) would select for mutants with optimal biomass yields. We have therefore adapted @entity1336 to grow well on @entity653 as its main growth substrate. After prolonged serial dilutions, the growth yield and corresponding fluxes were compared to in silico predictions. Surprisingly, the organism still produced mainly @entity880 , which was corroborated by FBA to indeed be optimal. To understand these results, constraint-based elementary flux mode analysis was developed that predicted 3 out of 2669 possible flux modes to be optimal under the experimental conditions. These optimal pathways corresponded very closely to the experimentally observed fluxes and explained @entity880 formation as the result of competition for @entity26 by the other flux modes. Hence, these results provide thorough understanding of adaptive evolution, allowing in silico predictions of the resulting flux states, provided that the selective growth conditions favor yield optimization as the winning strategy.

title: Understanding the adaptive growth strategy of XXXX by in silico optimisation.

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid', 'lactate']

entities_list: @entity1336 :: ('1590', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus plantarum']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1336 :: (1590,Species) :: ['Lactobacillus plantarum']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the role of a computed tomography angiography (CTA)-based approach in @entity1 undergoing mechanical thrombectomy for @entity64 treatment. METHODS: A CTA and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) retrospective analysis of @entity1 with acute @entity64 treated with thrombectomy was performed. A modified Rankin Scale score of 3 or lower at 3 months was considered as favorable outcome. The posterior circulation ASPECTS (pc-ASPECTS) was evaluated on CTA and vertebrobasilar segments involved in the occlusion were assessed using a 6-point posterior circulation computed tomography angiography (pc-CTA) vascular score aimed at evaluating the posterior circulation vascular pattern including collaterals. The primary end point was the correlation between pc-CTA and outcome; secondary end points included the concordance between CTA-DSA images and the correlation between pc-ASPECTS and outcome. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 with @entity64 were retrospectively analyzed. All @entity1 in @entity772 showed a bad outcome (P   =   .01) and all @entity1 with an alert state showed a good outcome (P   =   .004). An excellent interobserver agreement for pc-CTA (P   =   .001) was observed with poor interobserver agreement for pc-ASPECTS (P   =   .21). No significant correlations between pc-ASPECTS and clinical outcome were observed. @entity1 with good outcome had a lower pc-CTA (P   =   .02). The patency of the distal third of the basilar artery and both posterior cerebral arteries was related with good outcome. CONCLUSION: The pc-CTA seems to have prognostic value in @entity1 with @entity64 undergoing mechanical thrombectomy. It may be used as an additional prognostic triage technique in this subgroup of @entity64 @entity1 .

title: Proposal for a Vascular Computed Tomography-Based Grading System in Posterior Circulation XXXX : A Single-Center Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'vertebrobasilar stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: The name astrovirus was used by Madeley and Cosgrove in 1975 to describe a small round virus (approximately 28 nm diameter) with star-like appearance on electron microscopy. It was first seen in faeces from a few @entity1 with @entity1902 . An aetiological role in @entity1902 has since been confirmed. The virus causes a mild illness after an incubation period of 3-4 days. Antibody studies indicate that @entity281 is widespread and, in Britain, mainly occurs in the 2-5 year age group. Outbreaks occur in, for example, institutions and paediatric wards. The virus usually spreads by the @entity1697 but food- or water-borne outbreaks have occurred. Strains of astrovirus have been isolated from many animals including @entity291 , lamb, @entity1707 , cat, @entity235 , @entity4186 and @entity233 . The lamb strain can cause @entity1902 but the @entity291 did not cause @entity294 in gnotobiotic @entity291 . Infected @entity233 have scours, and @entity281 in ducklings causes @entity548 with a mortality up to 25%. Five @entity1 serotypes have been described, all antigenically distinct from the @entity291 and ovine strains. The @entity11679 does not replicate in conventional tissue cultures but undergoes a non-productive cycle in @entity1 embryo kidney cells, and productive replication in the presence of trypsin. It is a positive-strand RNA virus, which is acid stable (pH3), survives at 60 degrees C for five but not 10 minutes and, like the enteroviruses, resists inactivation by @entity4313 . It has a density of 1.35-1.37 g/ml in @entity11680 .

title: Astroviruses: XXXX and animal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['faecal-oral route']

entities_list: @entity233 :: ('9103', 'Species') :: ['turkey', 'turkeys']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity4313 :: ('MESH:D000438', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohols']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity11680 :: ('CHEBI:63039', 'Chemical') :: ['caesium chloride']

entities_list: @entity11679 :: ('12702', 'Species') :: ['human astrovirus']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['bovine', 'calf', 'calves', 'bovine strain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: More than 85% of @entity5 cases and 95% of deaths occur in resource-poor countries that use less than 5% of the world's health resources. In the developed world, approximately 81% of @entity1 with @entity5 can be cured. Models applicable in the most resource-poor settings are needed to address global inequities in @entity5 treatment. PROCEDURE: Between 2006 and 2011, a cohort of @entity1 received @entity5 therapy using a new approach in rural Rwanda. @entity1 were managed by a team of a Rwandan generalist doctor, Rwandan nurse case manager, Rwanda-based US-trained pediatrician, and US-based pediatric oncologist. Biopsies and staging studies were obtained in-country. Pathologic diagnoses were made at US or European laboratories. Rwanda-based clinicians and the pediatric oncologist jointly generated treatment plans by telephone and email. RESULTS: Treatment was provided to 24 @entity1 . Diagnoses included @entity706 (n = 10), @entity242 (n = 9), @entity1778 (n = 2), and other @entity5 (n = 3). Standard chemotherapy regimens included @entity3726 , ABVD, VA, COP/COMP, and actino-VAC. Thirteen @entity1 were in remission at the completion of data collection. Two succumbed to treatment complications and nine had progressive disease. There were no @entity1 who abandoned treatment. The mean overall survival was 31 months and mean disease-free survival was 18 months. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that chemotherapy can be administered with curative intent to a subset of @entity5 @entity1 in this setting.  This approach provides a platform for @entity5 care models, relying on local physicians collaborating with remote specialist consultants to deliver subspecialty care in resource-poor settings.

title: Initiating XXXX Treatment in Rural Rwanda: A Partnership-Based Approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric cancer', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemias']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Childhood Cancer']


abstract: Primary @entity1779 is rare. The case reported here was a 2-year-old @entity1 who was comatose on admission to the Mito National Hospital. She had experienced @entity10 and @entity391 during the last two months. Neurological examination showed @entity1829 , @entity2895 and bilateral Babinski's sign. A-P view of the left carotid angiogram showed square shift of the anterior cerebral artery to the right, and the lateral view showed upward and anterior displacement of the middle cerebral artery. CT revealed @entity66 in the left parieto-temporal lobe, which was slightly enhanced on the contrast study. @entity5 was performed on the day of admission. On the 15th postoperative day, she was started on radiation therapy to the brain and received 1900 rads. Vincristin and @entity4175 were administrated with radiation therapy. She improved progressively five weeks after the operation and CT demonstrated marked shrinkage of the @entity5 . However, signs of @entity428 were reappeared and she died six months after the operation. Autopsy showed well defined soft and grayish white @entity5 in the occipito-temporal lobe, which extended to the left thalamus and basal ganglia. No other @entity5 was present extracranially. Microscopic examination demonstrated Homer-Wright rosette and zonal filament. Pathological diagnosis was @entity521 .

title: [Primary XXXX --case report (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['large mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Subtotal removal of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['left oculomotor palsy']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral papilledema']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['cerebral neuroblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to discuss the findings of our @entity1 who had negative appendectomy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Hospital records of negative appendectomy for @entity490 @entity1 were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: Negative exploration for @entity697 ( @entity698 ) was done in 149 @entity1 . The most frequent complaints were @entity490 . The commonly established diagnoses after negative exploration were @entity1902 and @entity293 . However, the frequent pathologies observed during the operation were @entity24134 and @entity8529 . All @entity1 with @entity262 such as @entity5417 operated for @entity698 had it diagnosed during the postoperative course. Interestingly, two different types of worms were found in the lumen of the appendices. CONCLUSION: Despite new techniques, 100% correct diagnosis of @entity698 is still a challenging problem. Furthermore, @entity698 is a deadly disease if not treated properly. Therefore, it is best to perform exploration without undue delay in cases with suspicious @entity698 .

title: Negative appendectomy experience in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['AP', 'appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity24134 :: ('MESH:D008640', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric lymphadenitis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity5417 :: ('MESH:D011695', 'Disease') :: ["Henoch-Schonlein's purpura"]

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain, vomiting and fever', 'abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary infections']

entities_list: @entity8529 :: ('MESH:D008467', 'Disease') :: ["Meckel's diverticulum"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity102 that cannot be treated by conservative measure effectively can be treated successfully by the operations through resecting the inflamed synovium. The operations include open synovectomy and arthroscopic synovectomy. The purpose of this study is to compare the two operations in alleviating symptoms and cosmetic effect. There were 42 @entity1 in this study, and they suffered from chronic @entity603 , including @entity309 and non-specific @entity603 . Twenty-two knees of 22 @entity1 underwent arthroscopic synovectomy with two to five approaches whose lengths were about 1.0  cm, and 20 knees of 20 @entity1 underwent open synovectomy with two approaches whose lengths were more than 10.0  cm. @entity1 were evaluated by visual analog scale for @entity158 at the 24th hour after operation. @entity1 were followed up for 16-20  months and were evaluated by the Ogilvie-Harris scoring system. This study showed that both arthroscopic synovectomy and open synovectomy successfully alleviated the symptoms and the short-term results are similar after operation. However, the scars in the @entity1 of the former group were much shorter than the latter group. @entity158 intensity of @entity1 underwent arthroscopic synovectomy was less than that of open synovectomy at the 24th hour after operation. Both operations could treat chronic @entity603 successfully. However, the arthroscopic synovectomy is the preferred operation due to fast recovery, less @entity282 , and excellent cosmetic effect.

title: Treatment for chronic XXXX : arthroscopic or open synovectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis', 'synovitis of knee joints']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic synovitis of knee joints']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity603 :: (MESH:D013585,Disease) :: ['synovitis of knee']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During @entity551 states, angiotensin II augments reflex activity of the sympathetic nervous system. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of this vasoconstrictor on myocardial blood flow and plasma @entity2922 concentrations during and after CPR. METHODS AND RESULTS: After 4 minutes of @entity2224 and 3 minutes of open-chest CPR, 14 @entity1707 (24 to 26 kg) were randomized into two groups receiving either saline (n = 7) or 0.05 mg/kg angiotensin II (n = 7). Arterial plasma @entity2922 concentration was measured with high-pressure liquid chromatography. Organ blood flow was measured with radiolabeled microspheres. During CPR, after drug administration, left ventricular myocardial blood flow was significantly higher in the angiotensin II-treated group than in the control group. During CPR, median @entity1425 concentrations before and 90 seconds and 5 minutes after drug administration were 63.0, 35.2, and 22.5 ng/mL, respectively, in the control group and 63.2, 139.8, and 154.2 ng/mL, respectively, in the angiotensin II group (P < .001 at 90 seconds and P < .01 at 5 minutes). At the same times, median @entity1063 concentrations were 52.6, 59.8, and 33.9 ng/mL, respectively, in the control group and 42.5, 98.7, and 111.3 ng/mL, respectively, in the angiotensin II group (P < .01 at 5 minutes). Restoration of spontaneous circulation was possible in all of the angiotensin II-treated @entity1707 , whereas only 3 of the 7 saline-treated @entity1707 could be resuscitated. At 5 minutes after successful resuscitation, @entity1425 was 6.8 ng/mL in the control group and 16.1 ng/mL in the angiotensin II group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: During CPR, angiotensin II appears to increase coronary perfusion pressure and myocardial blood flow, not only by direct peripheral arteriolar vasoconstriction via angiotensin II receptors but also by inducing a massive @entity2922 release with adrenergic peripheral vasoconstriction.

title: Angiotensin II augments reflex activity of the sympathetic nervous system during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: The partial DA receptor agonist @entity19265 , @entity19265 (50-200 mumol/kg, s.c.) partially reversed the @entity8364 induced by the @entity935 (DA) receptor antagonists @entity1767 (5.3 mumol/kg, i.p.) and @entity11641 (20.1 mumol/kg, i.p.) in @entity35 . @entity19266 ( @entity19266 ), a partial DA receptor agonist with an efficacy lower than that of @entity19265 , blocked @entity1767 (10.6 mumol/kg, i.p.) induced @entity8364 at 5 mumol/kg, s.c., but not at 20 mumol/kg, s.c. The effects of @entity19266 in this assay are possibly related to the compound's mixed partial DA agonist/5-HT1A receptor agonist properties. The high efficacy agonist, @entity399 ( @entity399 ) also blocked @entity1767 induced @entity8364 at 50 mumol/kg, s.c. @entity1767 (0.33-1.3 mumol/kg, i.p.) reduced the locomotor activity down to 5% of saline controls and elevated limbic and striatal @entity9191 accumulation. When combined with @entity1767 , @entity19265 (100-200 mumol/kg, s.c.) antagonized both the strong hypomotility and increase in @entity9191 accumulation. Finally, the elevation of serum prolactin in @entity35 induced by @entity1767 (0.25 mumol/kg, i.p.) was significantly antagonized by co-administration of @entity19265 (39 mumol/kg, s.c.). These results show that partial DA agonists can reverse both behavioral, biochemical and neuroendocrine effects of neuroleptics. It also suggests the utility of partial DA receptor agonists in combination with classical neuroleptics in order to minimize the appearance of extrapyramidal side-effects and @entity4089 .

title: Partial XXXX receptor agonists reverse behavioral, biochemical and neuroendocrine effects of neuroleptics in the @entity35 : potential treatment of extrapyramidal side effects.

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity19266 :: ('MESH:C006208', 'Chemical') :: ['terguride', 'Terguride', 'transdihydrolisuride']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity399 :: ('MESH:C061333', 'Chemical') :: ['SND 919', 'pramipexole']

entities_list: @entity8364 :: ('MESH:D002375', 'Disease') :: ['catalepsy']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol', 'Haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity11641 :: ('MESH:D020891', 'Chemical') :: ['raclopride']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Brain metastases from @entity242 are rare, and data concerning the treatment and results of therapy are sparse. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 25 @entity1 with brain metastases from @entity242 of skeletal or soft-tissue origin, surgically treated in a single institution during 20 years. RESULTS: In 18 @entity1 the @entity75 was located supratentorially, and in 7 @entity1 infratentorially. Median age at brain @entity3 diagnosis was 25 years. Median time from primary diagnosis to diagnosis of brain @entity3 was 26.7 months. Lung metastases were present in 19 @entity1 and in 8 @entity1 they were synchronous with the @entity75 . Pulmonary metastases were resected in 12 @entity1 (48% of total, and 63% of those with @entity358 ). The overall median survival from diagnosis of the primary @entity242 was 38 months and from craniotomy was 7 months. The presence or @entity358 did not alter the median survival as calculated from diagnosis of brain @entity3 . Overall percent survival was 40% at 1 year and 16% at 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: Because brain metastases from @entity242 are refractory to alternative treatment, surgical excision is indicated when feasible. Brain metastases from @entity242 are uncommon, usually occurring with or after lung @entity3 . Long-term survival is possible in some @entity1 .

title: Resection of brain metastases from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['absence of lung lesions', 'pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']