abstract: UNASSIGNED: Increased @entity432 ( @entity432 ) is an important indicator for @entity65 ( @entity65 ). Epidemiologically, @entity2521 and @entity65 are associated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate @entity432 in @entity2521 @entity1 and controls. In addition, we explored the effect of periodontal therapy on @entity432 in a sub-group of cases. Pulse-wave velocity ( @entity122 ), a non-invasive chair-side function test for @entity432 , was measured in @entity2521 @entity1 (n=57; mean age 46.6 years) and compared with a reference group (n=48; mean age 45.5 years). In addition, 45 cases (mean age 46.9 years) were 6 months followed after periodontal treatment, to explore a possible effect on arterial function. @entity2521 @entity1 showed a significantly increased @entity122 compared with the reference group (8.01  0.20 vs 7.36  0.22   m   s(-1) respectively; P=0.029) and this remained significant after adjustments for @entity65 risk factors (P=0.019). After periodontal therapy, no significant reduction in @entity122 was seen (8.00  1.8 to 7.82  1.6   m   s(-1); P=0.13), but systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly reduced (119.8  14.6 to 116.9  15.1   mm   Hg; P=0.040). It can be concluded that @entity2521 is associated with increased @entity432 . This confirms with a new parameter the association of @entity2521 with @entity65 . Although periodontal treatment did not lower @entity432 significantly, a modest @entity551 after 6 months was observed.Journal of @entity1 @entity101 advance online publication, 14 May 2015; doi:10.1038/jhh.2015.41.

title: Arterial stiffness in @entity2521 XXXX and controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis', 'Periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stiffness', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of SBP']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['ACVD', 'atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Forty-two @entity1 with refractory, recurrent life-threatening @entity1165 and spontaneous @entity1165 (greater than or equal to 3 beats, heart rate greater than 100 beats/min) on baseline 24 hour Holter recording were treated with @entity2643 . After 1 week of @entity2643 therapy and during the follow-up period (22 +/- 11 months, mean +/- SD), @entity1 had serial 24 hour Holter recordings (10.6 +/- 3.8 per @entity1 ). Twenty-four hour, 48 hour or 72 hour Holter monitoring was performed during the second week of therapy. @entity1165 was suppressed on all follow-up serial Holter recordings in 17 @entity1 (40%). @entity1165 was suppressed in 34 (81%) of 42 @entity1 with 24 hour Holter recordings, 21 (72%) of 29 @entity1 with 48 hour recordings and 20 (69%) of 29 @entity1 with 72 hour recordings during the second week of therapy. At follow-up 24 @entity1 (57%) were free of clinical arrhythmic events ( @entity1165 or @entity944 ). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and predictive accuracy of @entity1165 on 24, 48 and 72 hour Holter recordings during the second week of therapy for predicting subsequent events were analyzed. The positive and negative predictive values were 100 and 71% for 24 hour Holter recordings, 88 and 71% for 48 hour recordings and 89 and 75% for 72 hour recordings. Overall predictive accuracy was 76, 76 and 79%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX in the treatment of life-threatening @entity1165 : role of Holter monitoring in predicting long-term clinical efficacy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular tachycardia', 'ventricular tachycardia', 'Sustained ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

answer: @entity2643 :: (MESH:D000638,Chemical) :: ['Amiodarone']


abstract: PURPOSE: A major hurdle in adaptive radiotherapy is the adaptation of the planning MRI's delineations to the daily anatomy. We therefore investigate the accuracy and time needed for online clinical target volume (CTV) adaptation by @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ), to be used in MRI-guided adaptive treatments on a MRI-Linac (MRL). METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 , diagnosed with early stage @entity5 , underwent a T2-weighted MRI prior to each fraction of short-course radiotherapy, resulting in 4-5 scans per @entity1 . On these scans, the CTV was delineated according to guidelines by an experienced radiation oncologist (RO) and considered to be the gold standard. For each @entity1 , the first MRI was considered as the planning MRI and matched on bony anatomy to the 3-4 daily MRIs. The planning MRI's CTV delineation was rigidly propagated to the daily MRI scans as a proposal for adaptation. Three RTTs in training started the adaptation of the CTV conform guidelines, after a two hour training lecture and a two @entity1 (n=7) training set. To assess the inter-therapist variation, all three RTTs altered delineations of 3 @entity1 (n=12). One @entity1161 altered the CTV delineations (n=53) of the remaining 11 @entity1 . Time needed for adaptation of the CTV to guidelines was registered.As a measure of agreement, the conformity index (CI) was determined between the RTTs' delineations as a group. Dice similarity coefficients were determined between delineations of the @entity1161 and the RO. RESULTS: We found good agreement between RTTs' and RO's delineations (average Dice=0.91, SD=0.03). Furthermore, the inter-observer agreement between the RTTs was high (average CI=0.94, SD=0.02). Adaptation time reduced from 10:33 min (SD= 3:46) to 2:56 min (SD=1:06) between the first and last ten delineations, respectively. CONCLUSION: Daily CTV adaptation by RTTs, seems a feasible and safe way to introduce daily, online MRI-based plan adaptation for a MRL.

title: SU-E-J-153: MRI Based, Daily Adaptive Radiotherapy for XXXX : Contour Adaptation.

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapists', 'RTT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Rectal Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Epidemiological data on @entity775 ( @entity775 ) are scarce. In this study, we determined the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of @entity775 @entity1 in the Netherlands (16.7 million inhabitants). METHODS: Clinical characteristics were collected from 1313 @entity775 @entity1 (78% females) from 31 centers, including all eight academic centers in the Netherlands. Additional data on ethnicity, family history and symptoms were obtained by the use of a questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity775 was 18.3 (95% confidential interval [CI]: 17.3-19.4) per 100,000 with an annual incidence of 1.1 (95% CI: 0.5-2) in adults. An incidence peak was found in middle-aged @entity1 . At diagnosis, 56% of @entity1 had @entity82 and 12% @entity82 in liver biopsy. Overall, 1% of @entity1 developed @entity157 and 3% of @entity1 underwent liver transplantation. Overlap with @entity2835 and @entity991 was found in 9% and 6%, respectively. The clinical course did not differ between Caucasian and non-Caucasian @entity1 . Other @entity792 were found in 26% of @entity1 . Half of the @entity1 reported persistent @entity775 -related symptoms despite treatment with a median treatment period of 8 years (range 1-44 years). Familial occurrence was reported in three cases. CONCLUSION: This is the largest epidemiological study of @entity775 in a geographically defined region and demonstrates that the prevalence of @entity775 in the Netherlands is uncommon. Although familial occurrence of @entity775 is extremely rare, our twin data may point towards a genetic predisposition. The high percentage of @entity1 with @entity82 or @entity82 at diagnosis urges the need of more awareness for @entity775 .

title: Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of XXXX in the Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['AIH', 'autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity775 :: (MESH:D019693,Disease) :: ['autoimmune hepatitis']


abstract: In the development of a reliable model for chronic rejection in @entity35 renal allografts, the effect of modifying the ureteric @entity254 was tested. @entity35 , tolerized by pretreatment with two donor blood transfusions under @entity205 , received renal allografts with either sewn or stented ureter. Control groups received isografts or underwent uninephrectomy with insertion of ureteric stents. For the first 6 days after transplantation, serum @entity1011 and @entity1133 values were lower in allograft recipients with stented ureters than in the group with sewn ureters. The method of ureteric @entity254 did not affect the long-term incidence of abnormal function. Allograft morphology was extremely variable from minor to extensive @entity194 , @entity82 , glomerular @entity1184 , focal and @entity17145 as well as vascular changes. @entity631 was absent in controls and increased with time in the allografts. Two hundred days after transplantation all allograft recipients with sewn ureters exhibited some @entity631 , in half of these kidneys more than 25% of glomeruli were affected. Only 33% recipients of allografts with stented ureters exhibited some @entity631 and less than 20% of glomeruli were affected. The stented ureteric @entity254 provides a reliable method, a reduction of the technical failure rate, a reduction of the incidence of @entity3041 , allows more accurate assessment of early renal function and may be of importance in reducing the occurrence and prevalence of @entity631 in the long-term allografts.

title: The effect of ureteric stenting on the function and morphology of long-term XXXX renal allografts.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['tubular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity17145 :: ('MESH:C538457', 'Disease') :: ['segmental glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['Glomerulosclerosis', 'glomerulosclerosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Circulating leptin levels are elevated in @entity28 and hyperleptinaemia has been postulated to be an independent risk factor for the development of @entity65 . Although many studies have been published on the mechanisms involved in the effects of leptin on cardiac function and pathological remodeling, scarce information is currently available analyzing the influence of prolonged leptin treatment on ionic cardiac channels remodeling in adult ventricular myocytes. Enzymatically isolated adult @entity35 ventricular myocytes were treated with leptin or vehicle for 48h. Real-Time RT-PCR were used to analyze mRNA expression of @entity21598 , Cav1.2, @entity3895 3.1, @entity26739 and @entity26740 a-subunits and @entity62722 auxiliary subunit. The fast transient outward @entity972 channels (Itof) a-subunits @entity26739 , @entity26740 and @entity62722 were analyzed by Western-blot. The fast transient outward @entity972 current and the action potentials were recorded in isolated myocytes by the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Leptin treatment induced an up-regulation of @entity26739 , @entity26740 and @entity62722 subunits mRNA expression. However, transcriptional levels of @entity21598 , Cav1.2, or Cav3.1 a-subunit channels were unmodified by leptin. Protein expression levels of @entity26739 , @entity26740 and @entity62722 subunits were also increased by leptin. The electrophysiological study showed that leptin increases the fast transient outward @entity972 current amplitudes and densities shortening action potential duration. In addition, leptin activated Akt signaling in cardiomyocytes and this mechanism was involved in the effect of leptin on Itof channels. In conclusi  n, leptin increases both the expression and function of Itof channels in adult ventricular myocytes and this mechanism involves Akt signaling. Altogether these data suggest that leptin could exert beneficial or detrimental effects depending on the initial ventricular myocyte repolarizing reserve.

title: Prolonged leptin treatment increases transient outward K    current via upregulation of @entity26739 and @entity26740 channel subunits in adult XXXX ventricular myocytes.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Using a spleen autotransplantation model, we conducted hematological, hemorheological, immunological, and morphological studies in @entity19 6 weeks after splenectomy. Sixty male and female A/J inbred @entity19 were equally divided into 3 groups: 1) SE group, splenectomy was performed; 2) AU group, spleen chips were autotransplanted into the omentum without vascular @entity254 following splenectomy; and 3) C group (controls), no intervention in these @entity19 . At postoperative week 6, the following studies were performed: 1) measurement of hematological parameters; 2) hemorheological studies, including @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) and fibrinogen levels; and 3) activity of peripheral phagocytes, measured by zymozan-induced chemiluminescence, which was calculated in stimulation index values (SI). In addition, histological investigations of autotransplants were conducted. Erythrocyte mean cell volume and platelet counts, @entity1606 , fibrinogen levels, and activity of phagocytes were significantly higher in the SE group, compared to those in the C group. In the AU group, these parameters were similar to those in the C group. Morphologically, the transplanted spleen showed normal histology. These data indicate that the transplanted spleens restored their function. We conclude that spleen autotransplantation reserves the normal morphology of spleen and restores most of the spleen's hematological, hemorheological, and immunological functions. Both SI index and erythrocyte deformability can be an informative detection of decreasing splenic function. These data suggest that spleen autotransplantation may provide a useful tool to prevent complications following splenectomy in a clinical setting.

title: Hematological, hemorheological, immunological, and morphological studies of spleen autotransplantation in XXXX : preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['RCTT', 'relative cell transit time']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: About 240 million @entity1 undergo surgery every year, worldwide. Roughly 50% of these @entity1 report clinically significant @entity158 . Numerous barriers impede provision of adequate management. Lack of evidence about appropriateness and effectiveness of interventions is one. A registry can provide such information, eventually facilitating better management. This paper reports the development and feasibility of @entity4147 OUT, the first international acute @entity158 registry, established with funds from the European Commission, and presents preliminary analysis to illustrate the nature of investigations that registry data make possible. METHODS: On the first postoperative day, 6347 adult @entity1 undergoing orthopaedic or general surgery, in 11 medical centres in Europe and Israel, provided @entity1 Reported Outcomes (PROs) using a validated questionnaire. Clinical data were abstracted from the @entity1 's chart. RESULTS: Feasibility worked well. Over a period of 1 year, surveyors accrued targeted data sets and entered them into an online browser. Collaborators could receive online feedback comparing their findings about PROs against anonymized findings from other centres. Missing data for the majority of variables were low. Despite considerable variability between institutions, a large number of @entity1 were treated according to the generic, evidence-based recommendations we assessed. However, this was not sufficient to result in acceptable outcomes for the majority of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The initial development of @entity4147 OUT has been achieved. From 2013, it continues as a not-for-profit academic project, open to clinicians and researchers worldwide. The International Association for Study of @entity158 and @entity4147 OUT will work together to maintain, disseminate and develop the registry.

title: @entity4147 OUT: The making of an international acute XXXX registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Post irradiation @entity421 (PIOS) in @entity1 with @entity189 ( @entity189 ) is rare and a potential late complication of radiation. We investigate its clinicopathological features and prognosis. METHODS: 426 cases of @entity79 in @entity5 Center of Sun Yat-sen University, China between 1964 and 2003 were reviewed retrospectively. Fifteen @entity1 were determined to have PIOS after radiation of @entity189 . Its prevalence rate, onset time, site, image features, and treatment were described. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to determine the relative prognostic factors. RESULTS: In 12 @entity1 undertaken radical surgery, one @entity1 had @entity41 and six @entity1 presented @entity5 recurrence five to 19 months (mean of nine months) after surgery. All @entity1 survived seven to 41 months with a mean of 18 months. The one-year and two-year survival rates were 60% and 24% respectively. Female @entity1 with large area of @entity5 bone formation in images had better survival than male @entity1 without or few @entity5 bone formation. Age, radiation dosage, onset time of PIOS, @entity5 size, and treatment were probably not significant factors to prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: PIOS in @entity1 with @entity189 is a high @entity5 and often has poor prognosis. Surgery with pre-and post-operative chemotherapy might be a way to improve its survival.

title: [Clinicopathological features and prognosis of @entity421 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant disease', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The study objective was to evaluate @entity1 with @entity1614 and @entity339 undergoing valve repair or replacement and to compare them with @entity1 undergoing repair for @entity19020 . METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of consecutive @entity1 with @entity1614 treated surgically between March 17, 1960, and September 12, 2011, for @entity339 and performed a subanalysis of those with repairs compared with case-matched @entity1 with @entity19020 who had repairs (March 14, 1995, to July 5, 2013). RESULTS: Of 61 consecutive @entity1 , 40 underwent mitral repair and 21 underwent mitral replacement (mean [standard deviation] age, 40 [18] vs 31 [19] years; P = .09). Concomitant aortic surgery was performed to a similar extent (repair, 45% [18/40] vs replacement, 43% [9/21]; P = .87). Ten-year survival was significantly better in @entity1 with @entity1614 with mitral repair than in those with replacement (80% vs 41%; P = .01). Mitral reintervention did not differ between mitral repair and replacement (cumulative risk of reoperation, 27% vs 15%; P = .64). In the matched cohort, 10-year survival after repair was similar for @entity1 with @entity1614 and @entity19020 (84% vs 78%; P = .63), as was cumulative risk of reoperation (17% vs 12%; P = .61). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity1614 and @entity339 have better survival with repair than with replacement. Survival and risk of reoperation for @entity1 with @entity1614 were similar to those for @entity1 with @entity19020 . These results support the use of mitral valve repair in @entity1 with @entity1614 and moderate or more @entity339 , including those having composite replacement of the aortic root.

title: Management of @entity339 in XXXX : Outcomes of valve repair versus replacement and comparison with @entity19020 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve regurgitation', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity19020 :: ('MESH:C563573', 'Disease') :: ['myxomatous mitral valve disease', 'myxomatous mitral disease']

answer: @entity1614 :: (MESH:D008382,Disease) :: ['Marfan syndrome']


abstract: Fever is frequently observed in conjunction with @entity1199 ( @entity1199 )-based immunotherapy. Traditionally, @entity221 has been regarded as an undesirable side effect and treated with @entity221 -lowering drugs. However, new insights in @entity5 immunology suggest that elevated temperature may facilitate a more effective antitumor immune response. The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine the potential role of the @entity1199 -induced @entity221 in @entity320 @entity1 treated with or without @entity1443 in two consecutive cohorts. One hundred and seventy-nine @entity1 with @entity320 treated with a modified decrescendo regimen of @entity1199 and Interferon ( @entity3027 ) between 2004 and 2010 were retrospectively studied. 87 @entity1 treated before 2007 received @entity1443 as part of the treatment schedule, and 92 @entity1 treated after 2007 did not receive @entity1443 routinely. Body temperature was analyzed as dichotomized and continuous variables and correlated to objective @entity5 response and overall survival using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard analysis. @entity1 experiencing peak temperature of >= 39.5    C had a median OS of 15.2  months compared to 8.7  months among @entity1 with lower temperatures (P  =  0.01). In the multivariate analysis, peak temperature of >= 39.5    C (HR 0.53; P  =  0.026) and high mean temperature (HR 0.56; P  =  0.004) were independent prognostic factors for improved survival. We suggest high @entity221 as a biomarker for improved survival in @entity320 @entity1 treated with @entity57500 . The routine use of @entity221 -reducing drugs during immunotherapy can therefore be questioned. More studies are needed to evaluate the role of @entity221 and the use of antipyretics during cytokine-based immunotherapy.

title: Fever and the use of @entity1443 during XXXX -based immunotherapy in @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['IL-2']


abstract: PURPOSE: We present a large series of @entity2335 including 8 cases; 3 of them had @entity5 -like lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The archives of pathology clinic of Inonu University Medical Faculty were reviewed from 1988 to 2002. The characteristics of @entity1 and their diseases were recorded. Data obtained from 180 cases (172 from the literature and 8 from the present series) was assessed. RESULTS: Seven cases had symptoms such as @entity3833 , frequency, @entity811 , @entity158 , and difficulty in voiding. One asymptomatic case with history of @entity150 was diagnosed during routine cystoscopy. The findings were microhematuria in 6 cases, macrohematuria in 2, @entity4658 in 3, @entity293 in 1, @entity1712 in 1, hyperazotemia in 1, and bladder masses in 3. Cystoscopies detected @entity4 and erythematous areas in 5 cases and lesions mimicking @entity150 in 3. One case did not take further treatment after cystoscopy and biopsy and completely recovered. Four cases underwent medical therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antihistaminics. They became asymptomatic and control cystoscopies showed no abnormal finding. Two of three @entity1 with mass lesions recovered after @entity134 therapy following transurethral resection. The lesion in the third recurred and he improved after a second course of @entity134 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2335 is a rare pathology. Sometimes, it may simulate @entity1494 . Biopsy is mandatory at diagnosis. Usually, it has a benign course and may be treated with fulguration, analgesics, antihistaminics and @entity230 , although recurrence is possible.

title: @entity2335 . A rare inflammatory pathology mimicking XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder malignancies']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['suprapubic pain']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['Eosinophilic cystitis', 'eosinophilic cystitis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary infection']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder neoplasms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Because of preliminary observations favoring the use of @entity1138 , @entity632 , and @entity900 (MAP) chemotherapy in @entity1822 , the Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) decided to conduct a phase II clinical trial of this combination regimen in @entity1 with @entity1442 . METHODS: @entity1 with histologically confirmed uterine @entity1822 who had not previously received cytotoxic drugs were considered for participation in this clinical trial. Eligible @entity1 had measurable disease, GOG performance status 0-2, and adequate bone marrow, @entity177 according to standard criteria. @entity1138 8 mg/m(2) and @entity632 40 mg/m(2) were each given by iv injection followed immediately by @entity900 60 mg/m(2) in 1 liter of 0.45% saline plus @entity2656 25 g. @entity1 who remained free from @entity5 progression or intolerable @entity137 received at least three, to a maximum of six, cycles of MAP. RESULTS: Forty-one @entity1 were registered, of whom 4 were determined ineligible (wrong cell type, 2; wrong site of origin, 1; inadequate pathology material, 1). Thirty-five of the 37 were evaluable for response after receiving from one to six (median three) cycles of MAP. Three @entity1 (9%) achieved a complete response and 5 (14%) exhibited a partial response. The most common adverse effects were @entity1431 (33 @entity1 ) and @entity882 (30 @entity1 ). @entity358 was seen in 10 @entity1 and was a factor in the clinical deterioration and death of 2. CONCLUSION: MAP is active against advanced uterine @entity1822 , but not remarkably so. Despite its low therapeutic index, this novel, possibly interactive, combination may serve as a forerunner to regimens that more efficiently exploit the enhancement of @entity242 cell kill under @entity519 conditions.

title: Phase II study of @entity1138 , XXXX , and @entity900 in the treatment of advanced uterine @entity1822 : a Gynecologic Oncology Group study.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin', 'Mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal, and hepatic function']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma', 'leiomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: @entity270 inhibits processes thought to be important in the development of @entity731 but clinical trials to determine its effect on @entity65 have given variable results, the majority being negative. The reasons for this are unclear. Animal trials can be better controlled and use more rigorous measures of lesion progression than @entity1 trials. The present study reviewed trials using @entity95 and @entity19 to determine whether they also are variable and, if so, to uncover methodological differences that may account for the different outcomes. A large number of trials examining the effect of @entity270 supplements on experimental @entity731 were identified. Using rigorous selection criteria, a well-defined group was selected for further investigation. Almost all the @entity19 trials showed a significant effect of @entity270 , but only around one-third of the @entity95 trials did so. When the @entity95 trials were divided into those that did and those that did not observe significant effects, no single factor was found that could account for the dichotomy. However, when the percentage @entity66 was considered, rather than the within-trial significance level, there were clear dose-dependent effects of @entity270 on disease severity in heritable hyperlipidaemic @entity95 , and in genetically normal @entity95 made hyperlipidaemic with @entity165 alone; the dose dependence was different in the two groups, the heritable hyperlipidaemic @entity95 showing a near ten-fold lower sensitivity. The high doses required to affect experimental @entity731 may, if applicable to other species, help explain the absence of effects in many @entity1 trials.

title: Analysis of the variable effect of dietary @entity270 supplements on experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin E', 'vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in disease']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: @entity2695 account for 0.4-0.6% of all @entity5 of the parotid gland and most of them occur in @entity1 , nevertheless in adults @entity2695 are very rare. We report the case of a 62 year old @entity1 with a mass in the parotid right tail associated with fluctuating @entity4 episodes unrelated to meals and with a slowly progressive growth. The provisional diagnosis was a @entity5123 , so a right superficial parotidectomy was performed. During surgery, the macroscopic appearance makes suspect a @entity455 . The histopathological result was a @entity2477 . The classic clinical presentation of a @entity8174 is an intraglandular mass associated or not with @entity272 characterized by reddish macules and/or papules, and a vibration or pulsation when palpating the parotid region. In imaging tests, phleboliths could be observed which are very suggestive of a @entity2695 or a @entity1462 . In the absence of these signs, the diagnosis could be difficult, particularly in an adult due to its low prevalence, with about 50 cases reported worldwide. However a @entity2695 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity5 in adults. Key words: @entity2477 , parotid gland, superficial parotidectomy, @entity5123 .

title: XXXX of the parotid gland in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesion']

entities_list: @entity8174 :: ('MESH:D010309', 'Disease') :: ['parotid hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'Hemangiomas', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['parotid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformation']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous hemangioma', 'Cavernous hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic adenoma']

answer: @entity2477 :: (MESH:D006392,Disease) :: ['Cavernous hemangioma']


abstract: @entity453 ( @entity453 ) was the second leading cause of death during the last 3 years in Taiwan. Smooth muscle cells, monocytes/macrophages, and endothelial cells produce @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) within @entity731 following binding to the @entity9172 ( @entity9172 ). Previous studies have well-documented the association between @entity2842 expression and susceptibility to, or clinicopathological features, of @entity453 . This study investigated the relationships between @entity2842 @entity37752 and @entity9172 - @entity37755 genetic polymorphisms and @entity453 in the Taiwanese population. A total of 608 subjects, including 392 non- @entity453 controls and 216 @entity1 with @entity453 , were recruited and subjected to polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) to evaluate the effects of these two polymorphic variants on @entity453 . Results indicated a significant association between @entity2842 -2548 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to @entity453 . GG genotypes (OR = 1.629; 95 % CI = 1.003-2.644), or individuals with at least one G allele (OR = 1.511; 95 % CI = 1.006-2.270), had a higher risk of @entity453 as compared with AA genotypes. Results also revealed that subjects with at least one A allele of the @entity37755 @entity9172 gene polymorphism had significantly increased risk of @entity453 . G allele in @entity2842 -2518 might contribute to higher prevalence of @entity955 in @entity453 @entity1 (OR = 4.254; p < 0.05). In conclusion, @entity2842 -2518G and @entity9172 64I gene polymorphisms represent important factors in determining susceptibility to @entity453 , and the contribution of @entity2842 -2518G could be through effects on @entity955 in @entity453 @entity1 .

title: Impact of @entity2842 and XXXX gene polymorphisms on coronary artery disease susceptibility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity37755 :: ('p|SUB|V|64|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['V64I']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery disease', 'CAD']

answer: @entity9172 :: (729230,Gene) :: ['CCR-2']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present our results of laparoscopic upper pole heminephrectomy in adult @entity1 with @entity8 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 10 @entity1 with an age range of 27 to 54 years old underwent laparoscopic upper pole heminephrectomy for complete duplication of the renal collecting system. The key point of the tech_nique included the placement of a catheter in the normal ureter at the beginning of the procedure. The @entity1 was positioned in a 45-90 degrees lateral decubitus position and a 4-port transperitoneal or 3-port retroperitoneal tech_nique was applied followed by the mobilization of the upper pole ureter away from the renal hilum. Afterwards, the vasculature supplying the upper pole was precisely identified and ligated. Followed by transection of the ureter and its transposition cephalad to the hilum, the upper pole moiety was fully transected using the harmonic scalpel. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 were operated on using the transperitoneal approach and 2 using the retro_peritoneal technique. One @entity1 required preoperative percutaneous drainage due to pyonephro_sis. The operation time ranged between 150 to 350 min with minimal @entity190 (0-200 mL). Hemosta_sis was achieved with an Argon laser in one @entity1 . The lower pole calyceal system was perforated in one @entity1 and repaired intracorporally. No major @entity3816 occurred. All of the @entity1 except two had their drains removed in 72 h after the operation and were generally discharged on postoperative day 3. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic upper pole heminephrectomy for an @entity1698 is safe and reproducible and offers ben_efits of laparoscopic surgery even in @entity1 with complicated urinary tract infection._nbsp.

title: Laparoscopic upper pole heminephrectomy in adults for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['duplex kidney']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1698 :: ('MESH:D014516', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic ureter']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative complications']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['duplex kidneys']


abstract: In @entity521 , @entity4180 amplification and loss of heterozygosity for the short arm of chromosome 1 (LOH 1p) are common @entity74 . We have recently shown that the presence of additional material of the long arm of chromosome 17 (add.17q) also occurs relatively frequently. In the present study, we analyzed a series of 55 @entity5 for LOH 1p, @entity4180 amplification and add.17q, using Southern blot analysis with polymorphic DNA probes of pairs of @entity5 and constitutional DNA. We determined the correlation of these parameters with clinical variables, such as age, stage, serum @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) and ferritin and also with outcome. LOH 1p occurred in 20 out of 55 cases (36%) and was found more often in stage III/IV @entity5 and in the older age group, although both correlations were not statistically significant. @entity4180 amplification was only demonstrated in 12 @entity5 with concomitant LOH 1p and was not present in the 35 cases without LOH 1p. Add.17q was found in 20/53 (38%) informative cases. LOH 1p was shown to be the most significant predictor of a poor outcome (P < 0.00001), independent of age and stage. LOH 1p is also of prognostic value in those cases without @entity4180 amplification, indicating a stronger prognostic value for LOH 1p. Add.17q was also associated with an unfavourable prognosis, although this was less significantly then with LOH 1p (P = 0.00004).

title: Allelic loss of chromosome 1 and additional chromosome 17 material are both unfavourable prognostic markers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate prospectively the Centers for Disease Control recommendations for the treatment of @entity2954 in pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred sixty-one @entity1 who were referred with probable endocervical @entity2954 underwent pretreatment endocervical, anal, and oral cultures for @entity6368 . The @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive @entity2756 125 mg intramuscularly or @entity6727 400 mg orally. Treatment was open and in a 1:1 distribution. There were 95 evaluable @entity1 . The tests of cure cultures were performed 4 to 10 days after treatment. RESULTS: Eighty-six @entity1 (91%) had endocervical infection; 39 @entity1 (41%) had @entity281 , and 11 @entity1 (12%) had pharyngeal infection. Fifty of 95 @entity1 (53%) had concomitant endocervical @entity281 . The overall efficacy was 91 of 95 subjects (95.8%; 95% CI, 89.6%-98.8%). @entity2756 was effective in 41 of 43 cases (95%; 95% CI, 84.2%-99.4%), and @entity6727 was effective in 50 of 52 cases (96%; 95% CI, 86.8%-99.5%). No significant difference was noted in the overall efficacy or by site of infection. Three of the 4 @entity1 who experienced treatment failures admitted to unprotected intercourse before their test of cure culture. CONCLUSION: Both intramuscular @entity2756 125 mg and oral @entity6727 400 mg appear to be effective for the treatment of @entity2954 in pregnancy.

title: A randomized trial that compared oral @entity6727 and intramuscular @entity2756 for the treatment of XXXX in pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonococcal infection', 'gonorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['Ceftriaxone', 'ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydial infection', 'anal infection']

entities_list: @entity6727 :: ('MESH:D020682', 'Chemical') :: ['cefixime']

answer: @entity2954 :: (MESH:D006069,Disease) :: ['gonorrhea']


abstract: Little is known about @entity1066 outcome in the elderly. The aims of the present paper were to establish whether risk factors of slow-healing peptic @entity1066 can be demonstrated in the elderly and whether clinical differences exist between @entity1066 @entity1 whose age of onset of the disease was before or after 65 years old. The short-term, open study, involving 1052 elderly @entity1 (over 65 years) in 37 gastroenterology centers throughout Italy aimed to compare two schedules of @entity5616 treatment: 150 mg twice daily versus 300 mg at bedtime. As nonsignificant differences were found between these two schedules, the sample was considered as a whole. It included 319 @entity2275 ( @entity2275 ) @entity1 , 699 duodenal @entity1066 (DU) @entity1 , and 34 concomitant @entity2275 and DU cases. Ninety-three @entity1 dropped out of the trial; 79/294 @entity2275 , 138/635 DU, and 10/30 @entity2275 +DU were found still unhealed after four weeks and 20 @entity2275 , 15 DU, and 1 @entity2275 +DU remained so after eight weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using likelihood-ratio and Pearson's chi-squared tests and Cox's models. Univariate analysis showed that the indicators of slow-healing @entity2275 were @entity1066 size (P = 0.002) and persisting @entity1066 symptoms (P = 0.0001); indicators of slow-healing DU were @entity1066 size (P = 0.0001), persisting @entity1066 symptoms (P = 0.0001), @entity167 (P = 0.0003), and NSAID (P = 0.0088) consumption. DU patients taking antiplatelet drugs have significantly better results after four weeks and worse results after eight weeks (P = 0.0352).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Markers of slow-healing peptic @entity1066 in the elderly. A study on 1,052 @entity5616 -treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer', 'GU']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical repair of @entity439 may be associated with a significant risk of perioperative morbidity including @entity2759 , which occurs at a rate of between 5% and 21%. @entity2759 after endovascular repair of thoracic @entity449 (TAAs) has also been reported. This investigation reviews the occurrence of @entity2759 after endovascular repair of descending TAAs at the Mount Sinai Medical Center. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between May 1997 and April 2001, 53 @entity1 underwent endovascular exclusion of their @entity2796 . Preprocedure computed tomography scanning and angiography were performed on all @entity1 . All were performed in the operating room using C-arm fluoroscopy. Physical examinations and computed tomography scans were performed at discharge and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively and then annually thereafter. @entity2759 developed in three of the 53 @entity1 (5.7%) postoperatively. In one @entity1 , @entity2759 developed that manifested as early postoperative left @entity425 occurring after concomitant open infrarenal abdominal and endovascular @entity2796 repair. The neurologic deficit resolved 12 hours after spinal drainage, @entity134 bolus, and the maintenance of hemodynamic stability. The remaining two @entity1 developed delayed onset @entity912 , one @entity1 on the second postoperative day and the other @entity1 1 month postrepair. Both of these @entity1 had previous @entity1028 repair, and both required long grafts to exclude an extensive area of their thoracic aortas. Irreversible @entity2759 and @entity912 occurred in both of these @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular repair of @entity2796 has shown a promising reduction in operative morbidity; however, the risk of @entity2759 remains. Concomitant or previous @entity1028 repair and long segment thoracic aortic exclusion appear to be important risk factors. Spinal cord protective measures (ie, cerebrospinal fluid drainage, @entity230 , prevention of @entity551 ) should be used for @entity1 with the aforementioned risk factors undergoing endovascular @entity2796 repair.

title: Risk of @entity2759 after endograft repair of thoracic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['leg weakness']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord ischemia', 'cord ischemia', 'spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['aortic aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity64 mortality rate indicates a measure in hospital quality care. Most of the available data are from developed countries and are for late mortality. Only few studies on 7-day fatality, a recently implemented indicator of early stoke mortality, are reported. We attempted to identify the predictors of clinical outcome by 7th day in acute @entity385 . METHODS: This descriptive study included 100 consecutive cases of acute @entity385 admitted to Neurology center of a teaching hospital in Chitwan, Nepal. Common risk factors were identified. The cases were classified as per TOAST classification and severity at admission assessed using National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale. Univariate and multivariate analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Thirteen percent @entity1 expired by 7th day. On univariate analysis severity of @entity64 , fever, @entity955 , @entity101 at admission and early @entity16 were related to early 7-day mortality where as age, gender, smoking, @entity6 , @entity453 , early onset @entity410 , dyslipidemaia, and hematocrit were unrelated to early mortality. Multivariate analysis showed that only NIHS score was significantly correlated with early mortality. CONCLUSIONS: A mortality rate of 13 percent was noted by 7th day. A positive association was noted with @entity64 severity, early @entity16 , @entity955 , @entity101 and fever at onset. KEYWORDS: Early mortality; Early onset @entity410 ; Early @entity16 ; @entity385 .

title: A study of seven day mortality in acute XXXX in a teaching hospital in chitwan.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'arterial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: Due to its molecular heterogeneity and infiltrative nature, @entity463 ( @entity463 ) is notoriously resistant to traditional and experimental therapeutics. To overcome these hurdles, targeted agents have been combined with conventional therapy. We evaluated the preclinical potential of a novel, orally bioavailable PI3K/ @entity3470 dual inhibitor ( @entity59478 ) in in vitro and in vivo studies. In vivo serially passaged @entity1 @entity463 xenografts that are more genetically stable than @entity463 cell lines in culture were used for all experiments. Biochemical downstream changes were evaluated by immunoblot and @entity137 by colorimetric @entity855 -based assay. For in vivo experiments, @entity1 xenograft @entity463 39 grown intracranially in @entity19 was altered to express luciferase to monitor @entity5 burden by optical imaging. @entity59478 resulted in concentration-dependent decreases in cell viability in vitro. Cytotoxic doses resulted in specific inhibition of PI3K signaling. Combining @entity59478 with @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) resulted in additive @entity137 in 4 of 5 xenografts. In vivo, @entity59478 administered by oral gavage resulted in greater than 12-fold reduction in median @entity5 bioluminescence compared with control (Mann-Whitney test p = 0.001) and improvement in median survival (logrank p = 0.05). @entity2904 alone showed a 30-fold decrease in median bioluminescence, but the combination @entity59478 + @entity2904 yielded a 140-fold reduction in median bioluminescence (Mann-Whitney test p = 0.05) with a trend toward improvement in median survival (logrank p = 0.09) compared with @entity2904 alone. @entity59478 shows activity as monotherapy and in combination with conventional therapeutics in a range of genetically diverse @entity463 xenografts.

title: Inhibition of PI3K/ @entity3470 pathways in XXXX and implications for combination therapy with @entity2903 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiologic evaluation of small bowel is usually done by barium examination, which involves considerable radiation exposure. A new sonographic method, sonoenteroclysis, is a promising technique for diagnosing small @entity1944 . In this study the applicability, performance, and diagnostic yield of sonoenteroclysis were assessed and the results of this novel method were compared with those of barium enteroclysis. METHODS: Forty-five consecutive @entity1 with suspected @entity29 were studied. All @entity1 underwent abdominal ultrasound before and after infusion of an isotonic nonabsorbable electrolyte solution containing @entity968 through a nasojejunal tube (modified Billbao Dotter tube), and images at various levels were obtained. Small bowel wall thickness, luminal narrowing, @entity384 , peristalsis, and extraintestinal complications were noted. It was followed by barium enteroclysis and findings were recorded. Findings of sonoenteroclysis were compared with those of barium enteroclysis. RESULTS: Satisfactory distention of the intestinal lumen was obtained with sequential visualization of jejunoileal loops in 34.4 +/- 18.4 min. Of 45 @entity1 , 10 showed normal small bowel on sonoenteroclysis and barium enteroclysis. These 10 @entity1 served as controls. Sonoenteroclysis displayed normal diameters smaller than 3.0 and 2.0 cm for the jejunum and ileum, respectively. Bowel wall thickness was 1.7 to 3.0 mm and all five layers of bowel wall could be well appreciated. Valvulae conniventes were clearly visualized with a fold thickness between 1.4 and 2.0 mm. The remaining 35 @entity1 showed @entity854 , matted bowel loops, dilated loops, thickened folds, deformed ileocecal junction, mass lesions, etc., on sonoenteroclysis and barium enteroclysis. In addition, sonoenteroclysis showed thickened bowel wall with loss of stratification. Extraintestinal findings such as enlarged lymph nodes and @entity843 were also disclosed at the time of sonography. These were diagnosed subsequently as cases of @entity378 (n = 23), @entity1593 (n = 6), @entity420 (n = 2), @entity2909 (n = 2), Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (n = 1), and segmental @entity1681 (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic accuracy of sonoenteroclysis for detecting small bowel lesions is comparable to that of barium enteroclysis. This new, widely available, inexpensive, and undemanding technique can be used as an initial investigation in the evaluation of @entity1 with @entity29 .

title: Sonoenteroclysis: a new technique for the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel disorders', 'small bowel disorder']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in the form of strictures']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['enteritis']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['small bowel diseases']


abstract: The impact of environmental @entity286 smoke (ETS) exposure on adult pulmonary function has not been clearly determined. Because adults with @entity565 have chronic @entity32 , they may be a particularly susceptible group. Using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), I examined the cross-sectional relationship between serum @entity4874 , a biomarker of ETS exposure, and pulmonary function among 10,581 adult nonsmokers and 440 nonsmoking adults with @entity565 whose @entity4874 and spirometry data were available. I generated residuals, which are observed minus predicted values (based on Crapo equations), for forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC ratio to adjust for age, sex, and height. In addition, I used multivariate linear regression to control for sociodemographic characteristics and previous smoking history. Most adults with and without @entity565 had detectable serum @entity4874 levels, indicating recent ETS exposure (85.7% and 83.4%, respectively). Among nonsmoking male @entity1 , I found no evidence that ETS exposure was related to @entity6314 . In the nonsmoking female stratum, the highest @entity4874 tertile was associated with a lower FEV1 [-100 mL; 95% confidence interval (CI), -143 to -56 mL], FVC (-119 mL; 95% CI, -168 to -69 mL), and FEV1/FVC ratio (-1.77%; 95% CI, -2.18% to -1.36%). Among @entity1 with @entity565 , the highest @entity4874 tertile was also associated with decreased FEV1 (-261 mL; 95% CI, -492 to -30 mL), FVC (-291 mL; 95% CI, -601 to 20 mL), and FEV1/FVC ratio (-1.6%; 95% CI, -3.3% to 0.19%). In conclusion, ETS exposure is associated with @entity6314 in adult females, especially those with @entity565 . This analysis should provide further impetus for public policies that promote smoke-free environments.

title: Environmental XXXX smoke exposure and pulmonary function among adults in NHANES III: impact on the general population and adults with current @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6314 :: ('MESH:D006315', 'Disease') :: ['decreased pulmonary function']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: An association between @entity409 has been reported. However, the temporal relationship between these conditions remains unknown. METHODS: We identified all @entity1 with a hospital discharge diagnosis of @entity6 between 1985 and 1990 using the computerized records of the Department of Veterans Affairs. We randomly assigned 3 @entity1 without @entity6 for every @entity1 with @entity6 . We excluded @entity1 with concomitant @entity409 . The remaining cohort was followed through 2000 for the occurrence of @entity409 ( @entity409 ) and @entity157 ( @entity157 ). Hazard rate ratios (HRR) were determined in Cox proportional hazard survival analysis. RESULTS: The study cohort comprised 173,643 @entity1 with @entity6 and 650,620 @entity1 without @entity6 . Most were @entity1 (98%). @entity1 with @entity6 were older (62 vs. 54 years) than @entity1 without @entity6 . The incidence of @entity409 was significantly higher among @entity1 with @entity6 (incidence rate: 18.13 vs. 9.55 per 10,000 @entity1 -years, respectively, P < 0.0001). Similar results were obtained for @entity157 (incidence rate: 2.39 vs. 0.87 per 10,000 @entity1 -years, respectively, P < 0.0001). @entity6 was associated with an HRR of 1.98 (95% CI: 1.88 to 2.09, P < 0.0001) of @entity409 and an HRR of 2.16 (1.86 to 2.52, P < 0.0001) of @entity157 . @entity6 carried the highest risk among @entity1 with longer than 10 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 with @entity6 , the risk of @entity409 and @entity157 is doubled. This increase in risk is independent of @entity5881 , @entity99 , or demographic features.

title: XXXX increases the risk of @entity99 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes and chronic liver disease', 'CNLD', 'chronic nonalcoholic liver disease', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['viral hepatitis']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: The aim of GH replacement therapy in @entity2338 adults is to optimize response with minimum incidence of adverse reactions, but optimal therapy regimens are still to be established. This two-arm parallel study examined effects of two GH dose algorithms in adults with @entity2338 of adult or childhood onset. @entity1 on low dose (LD; n = 302) received GH at 3 microg/kg per day for 3 months increasing to 6 microg/kg per day for 3 months, and those on @entity7617 ( @entity7617 ; n = 293) started on 6 microg/kg per day for 3 months increasing to 12 microg/kg per day for 3 months. The proportion of @entity1 completing therapy was greater for the LD group than the @entity7617 group for the first 3 months (93.0% vs. 88.1%; P = 0.037) and overall for the 6 months (90.7% vs. 84.0%; P = 0.013). Both dose groups showed significant increases in lean body mass and decreases in fat mass for all time points. Percent increase in lean body mass was less with LD than @entity7617 over the first 3 months (2.43 +/- 4.33 vs. 3.58 +/- 4.69%; P = 0.006) but not overall for the 6-month period (4.38% +/- 5.34% vs. 5.21% +/- 5.99%; P = 0.141). Percent decrease in fat mass was less with LD than @entity7617 for the first 3 months (-2.81% +/- 7.81% vs. -5.53% +/- 8.64%; P < 0.001) and overall for the 6-month period (-6.35% +/- 9.42% vs. -9.45% +/- 12.07%; P = 0.006). @entity442 SD score increased less with LD than @entity7617 for 0 to 3 and 0 to 6 months, although for @entity2301 SD score, there was no significant difference between doses at any time. @entity4841 was the only adverse event that occurred significantly less frequently with LD than with @entity7617 . Calculated changes based on gender and onset indicated greater changes in males than females for body composition, but there was little difference in GH-related adverse events between males and females. The lower starting dose with dose titration appeared more favorable, but differences in response between genders and onset of @entity2338 need to be taken into account when setting an individual dose regimen.

title: Short-term safety and efficacy of XXXX GH replacement therapy in 595 adults with @entity2338 : a comparison of two dosage algorithms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['GH-deficient', 'GH deficiency']

entities_list: @entity7617 :: ('MESH:C563514', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'conventional dose']

entities_list: @entity2301 :: ('3486', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-binding protein-3']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['Arthralgia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A retrospective multicenter study was performed to assess the clinical results in @entity1 with acquired @entity2150 ( @entity2150 ) allografted over a 19 year period and to identify prognostic factors influencing survival. From April 1978 to December 1997, 176 @entity1 were transplanted. Records from 160 receiving related matched bone marrow transplantation (BMT) were reviewed. Fifty-two percent of the @entity1 were older than 20 years, 5% older than 40; 6.3% were untransfused at BMT and 56.2% had received prior treatments. Conditioning regimens were with chemotherapy in 43.7% of the procedures and with additional irradiation in 56.3%. @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) prophylaxis was based on @entity205 (CsA) in 58.1% of the @entity1 while @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) was administered to 41.9%. Transplantation earlier on, a longer interval from diagnosis to BMT, @entity2132 prophylaxis with @entity1500 , graft failure/rejection and acute severe @entity2132 were adverse factors for survival. The use of CsA emerged as the main factor for the improvement, inducing a significant decrease in graft failure/rejection rate and severe acute @entity2132 when compared with @entity1500 alone. Radiation-containing regimens decreased the graft failure/rejection rate without improving survival due to the increased risk of acute @entity2132 . Age and number of transfusions pretransplant did not influence outcome. Survival achieved since 1991 is 79.79%, and graft failure and acute severe @entity2132 rates are 6.0% and 11.8%, respectively. In conclusion, CsA-based post-graft immunosuppression has been crucial in achieving improved survival in @entity1 with acquired @entity2150 up to 40 years of age. Regardless of CsA use, further improvement in survival was apparent with time, probably due to better skills in @entity1 care.

title: CsA-based post-graft immunosuppression: the main factor for improving outcome of allografted XXXX with acquired @entity2150 . A retrospective survey by the Spanish Group of Hematopoietic Transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia', 'AA']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'Graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical spectrum of the @entity2 in the Indian @entity1 . METHODS: All the @entity1 above the age 60 years referred to the chest clinic of Apollo Hospitals, during the period 1989-2000 were evaluated for @entity2 with fibreoptic bronchoscopy, fluoroscopic guided transbronchial lung biopsy, transbronchial, needle aspiration and/or CT guided percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy. Retrospective data of 1400 @entity1 was analyzed statistically. RESULTS: There were 512 @entity1 (439 males, 73 females) with confirmed primary @entity2 . There were 62% ex-smokers, 10% current smokers and 28% non-smokers amongst males, whereas amongst females there were 10% ex-smokers and 90% non-smokers. Cough of more than 3 weeks duration was the commonest symptom seen in 85% (n = 435) followed by @entity221 and @entity353 . Radiologically the commonest feature was collapse-consolidation in 77% (n = 397). @entity5 were seen in 204 @entity1 (39.8%), whereas @entity5 were seen in 308 (60.2%). The diagnostic yield of transbronchial lung biopsy alone was as high as 48%, whereas the yield on CT guided percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy alone ranged from 32%-40%. There was no statistical difference in histological subtypes ( @entity1149 ) in the various groups studied. However, in those @entity1 above the age of 80 years (group C) @entity151 was more frequently seen. CONCLUSION: Primary @entity2 should always be suspected in elderly Indian subjects with unexplained cough and other constitutional symptoms of @entity353 and @entity221 .

title: XXXX in elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Central endobronchial tumours', 'peripheral tumours']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell or small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Pattern of lung cancer']


abstract: @entity1457 proteins (Hsps) are a set of highly conserved proteins that are involved in cellular repair and protective mechanisms. In order to identify potential stress-sensitive sites in differentiated SH-SY5Y @entity1 neuronal cells, localization of two inducible members of the HSPA (HSP70) family was investigated, namely @entity6643 ( @entity4044 ') and @entity1878 ( @entity1878 ). Following @entity1457 , yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-tagged @entity6643 and @entity1878 proteins localized to nuclear speckles that are enriched in RNA splicing factors (identified by @entity5313 and @entity5461 marker proteins) and then to the granular component of the nucleolus (identified by nucleophosmin). Subsequently, YFP- @entity6643 protein, but not YFP- @entity1878 , localized to the periphery of nuclear speckles that are sites of RNA transcription. The @entity6643 gene is present in the @entity1 genome but not in genomes of @entity35 and @entity19 . Hence, current animal models of @entity179 are lacking a potentially protective member of the HSPA family. Potential stress-sensitive sites were identified in differentiated @entity1 SH-SY5Y cells by the localization of @entity6643 ( @entity4044 ') and @entity1878 ( @entity1878 ) to nuclear components following @entity1457 . @entity6643 and @entity1878 rapidly moved to nuclear speckles, enriched in RNA splicing factors, then to the granular layer of the nucleolus. Subsequently, @entity6643 exhibited a novel localization not observed for the more widely studied @entity1878 , namely association with the periphery of nuclear speckles that are sites of transcription. HS = @entity1457 ; @entity6643 = @entity4044 ' protein; @entity1878 = @entity1878 protein.

title: Localization of @entity1457 protein @entity6643 ( XXXX ') to sites of transcription in cultured differentiated @entity1 neuronal cells following thermal stress.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock', 'heat shock']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

answer: @entity4044 :: (3311,Gene) :: ['HSP70B']


abstract: @entity61254 is an infrequently described entity comprising slowly progressive @entity451 , @entity14883 , and cone-shaped epiphyses, @entity4653 , and low-normal intelligence. Five @entity1 with this syndrome have been reported. The cause remains unknown. Here we describe a 16-year-old @entity1 with @entity61254 . He was noted to toe-walk at age 18 months and @entity508 progressed slowly into a spastic gait with contractures. He has mild @entity4653 and hypernasal speech. @entity14883 is notable but cannot be classified into one of the recognized types. A cone-shaped epiphysis was apparent on the only available childhood radiograph. He has moderate @entity73 and pervasive @entity245 . A detailed comparison of this @entity1 with the earlier described cases is presented to further delineate the condition and increase awareness of this syndrome.

title: @entity61254 : XXXX , @entity14883 and @entity73 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity14883 :: ('MESH:D059327', 'Disease') :: ['brachydactyly', 'Brachydactyly']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive handicap']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity61254 :: ('MESH:C537938', 'Disease') :: ['Fitzsimmons syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity451 :: (MESH:C536857,Disease) :: ['spastic paraplegia']


abstract: The ability of cumulative dose-response techniques to obtain accurate data is most likely limited by redistribution and elimination of the drug during the study period. Therefore the usefulness of these techniques would be improved by replacing the amount of drug lost. This hypothesis was assessed for the intermediate-duration neuromuscular blockers @entity3369 and @entity5159 , and calculations were made based on a pharmacokinetic model with an effect compartment. Sixty @entity1 received either single doses (SD) (n = 36), @entity7184 ( @entity7184 ) (n = 12), or @entity7184 of @entity3369 or @entity5159 with an infusion (CDI) to replace eliminated or redistributed drug (n = 12). The force of contraction of the adductor pollicis muscle in response to train-of-four stimulation was measured and recorded. Linear regressions were obtained between the logit transformation of @entity4094 at the adductor pollicis and log dose. The potencies obtained with all three methods were within 20% of each other. For @entity3369 the ED90 was (mean +/- SE) 0.034 +/- 0.002 (SD), 0.037 +/- 0.003 ( @entity7184 ), and 0.036 +/- 0.003 mg/kg (CDI). For @entity5159 the ED90 was 0.175 +/- 0.009 (SD), 0.206 +/- 0.019 ( @entity7184 ), and 0.179 +/- 0.015 mg/kg (CDI). Calculated values corresponded well with measured values. The calculations predicted that the agreement between single- and cumulative-dose techniques would be improved if (1) the dose increment was increased, (2) the elimination half-life was increased above 20 minutes, or (3) an infusion was added.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cumulative dose-response with infusion: a technique to determine neuromuscular blocking potency of XXXX and @entity3369 .

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular blockade']

entities_list: @entity5159 :: ('MESH:D001279', 'Chemical') :: ['atracurium']

entities_list: @entity7184 :: ('MESH:D012090', 'Disease') :: ['cumulative doses', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

answer: @entity5159 :: (MESH:D001279,Chemical) :: ['atracurium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity697 ( @entity697 ) affects 19 million @entity1 worldwide annually. The community-based management of acute @entity3147 (CMAM) approach was first piloted in 2000. Endorsed by the United Nations in 2007, the approach has been introduced in over 60 countries. Current coverage and quality of services need further strengthening and key stakeholders have expressed the need for improved information-sharing. OBJECTIVE: To report on an information-sharing initiative that was established to support scale-up of quality services for CMAM by collecting existing technical guidance, evidence, and learning. METHODS: Routine website monitoring, country case studies, and surveys were used to assess the profiles of CMAM Forum users and the reach and use of information for improved health outcomes. RESULTS: The number of information products and services and their use have steadily increased. Country case studies have identified ways to adapt information better to the needs of those involved in managing acute @entity3147 , particularly at the country level. An urgent need has been identified for more resources in additional languages, especially French and Arabic, and expanded production and use of audiovisual material and social media. CONCLUSIONS: Improved information-sharing can have an impact on health outcomes, but further innovation and support are needed to improve access to, and use of, the information.

title: Information-sharing to improve learning about community-based management of acute XXXX (CMAM) and its impact.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Severe acute malnutrition', 'SAM']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the role of @entity101 -related gene ( @entity56206 ) in @entity65 . METHODS: The expression of @entity56206 was analyzed with RT-PCR and Northern blotting. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation was measured with 3H-TdR incorporation and was confirmed with histological analysis. RESULTS: Northern blot analysis showed that @entity56206 mRNA was expressed not only in VSMC, but also in various @entity35 tissues (heart, brain, lung, kidney, and liver). In addition, the expression of @entity56206 mRNA in heart, brain, kidney and liver of spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) was lower than that in the same tissues of @entity35 -Kyotorat (WKY). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and histological analysis showed that the expression of @entity56206 mRNA in @entity6970 -knockout @entity19 and in animal models of @entity256 was decreased and neointimal formation was observed in both models. ET, AII, and IL-1 stimulating VSMC proliferation reduced the expression of @entity56206 mRNA of VSMC. @entity12579 ( @entity12579 ), calcitonin gene-related peptide and @entity9382 , inhibited VSMC proliferation and elevated the expression of @entity56206 mRNA. These effects could be blocked or attenuated by their corresponding antagonists or antibodies. CONCLUSION: @entity56206 is a gene related to VSMC proliferation. It may play an important role in several occlusive @entity65 including @entity731 , @entity256 and @entity101 .

title: The role of @entity101 -related gene in aortic vascular smooth muscle cells from XXXX and @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity12579 :: ('24602(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ANF', 'Atrial natriuretic factor']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Microbes detoxify @entity9491 by reduction and efflux of @entity4250 . Plants have a high capacity to reduce @entity9491 , but @entity3494 efflux has not been reported. @entity523 ( @entity523 ) and @entity579 ( @entity579 ) were grown hydroponically and supplied with 10 microm @entity9491 or @entity4250 , with or without @entity1391 , for 1-3 d. The chemical species of As in nutrient solutions, roots and xylem sap were monitored, roles of microbes and root exudates in As transformation were investigated and efflux of As species from @entity523 roots was determined. @entity4250 remained stable in the nutrient solution, whereas @entity9491 was rapidly reduced to @entity4250 . Microbes and root exudates contributed little to the reduction of external @entity9491 . @entity4250 was the predominant species in roots and xylem sap. @entity1391 inhibited @entity9491 uptake and the appearance of @entity4250 in the nutrient solution, but the reduction was near complete in 24 h in both -P- and +P-treated @entity523 . @entity1391 had a greater effect in @entity579 than @entity523 . Efflux of both @entity4250 and @entity9491 was observed; the former was inhibited and the latter enhanced by the metabolic inhibitor @entity6320 . @entity523 and @entity579 roots rapidly reduce @entity9491 to @entity4250 , some of which is actively effluxed to the medium. The study reveals a new aspect of As metabolism in plants.

title: Rapid reduction of XXXX in the medium mediated by plant roots.

entities_list: @entity9491 :: ('MESH:C025657', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenate']

entities_list: @entity4250 :: ('MESH:C015001', 'Chemical') :: ['Arsenite', 'arsenite']

entities_list: @entity6320 :: ('MESH:D002258', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone']

entities_list: @entity523 :: ('4081', 'Species') :: ['tomato', 'Lycopersicon esculentum', 'Tomato']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate', 'Phosphate']

entities_list: @entity579 :: ('4530', 'Species') :: ['Oryza sativa', 'rice']

answer: @entity9491 :: (MESH:C025657,Chemical) :: ['arsenate']


abstract: The effect of continuous subcutaneous (s.c.) infusion of @entity3652 on nerve @entity158 was examined in @entity1 with @entity9 . Five @entity1 that reported @entity158 relief after acute intravenous injection of @entity3652 were included in this open prospective study. @entity3652 was administered continuously in increasing doses using a portable infusion pump (CADD-PLUS, Pharmacia), and the treatment period for each infusion rate (0.05, 0.075, 0.10, or 0.15 mg/kg/h) was 7 days and nights. Relief of @entity158 , as evaluated daily by visual analogue scales, was observed at the infusion rate of 0.05 mg/kg/h, but was most marked during infusion of 0.15 mg/kg/h. All the @entity1 reported that @entity3652 reduced the severity of @entity158 as well as reduced the severity and number of attacks of spontaneous @entity158 . Changes in @entity158 ( @entity1931 and wind-up-like @entity158 ) were recorded before change of infusion rate. @entity1931 was maximally reduced 59-100% after 1 week infusion of 0.05 mg/kg/h, and wind-up-like @entity158 was maximally reduced 60-100% after 1 week infusion of 0.15 mg/kg/h. @entity158 at the injection site was the most bothersome side-effect and for this reason 1 @entity1 discontinued treatment after 2 weeks. Other common side-effects were @entity390 , @entity1295 and @entity1296 . The present results show that continuous, spontaneous and @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity9 is reduced by continuous s.c. infusion of @entity3652 , but is associated with intolerable side effects.

title: Continuous subcutaneous administration of the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist @entity3652 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia', 'Allodynia']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Itching and painful indurations', 'injury pain', 'pain', 'evoked pain', 'continuous pain']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['post-herpetic neuralgia']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['post-herpetic neuralgia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gastroparesis is a rare complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. We evaluate the role of gastric electrical stimulation in medically @entity7623 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity7623 after gastric bypass for morbid @entity28 were studied. After behavioral and anatomic problems were ruled out, the diagnosis of @entity1819 was confirmed by radionuclide gastric emptying. Temporary endoscopic stimulation was used first to assess response before implanting a permanent device. RESULTS: Six @entity1 , all @entity1 with mean age of 42 years, were identified. Two @entity1 ultimately had reversal of their surgery with gastro-gastrostomy, while another had a total gastrectomy with persistence of symptoms in all three. Five of the @entity1 evaluated had insertion of a permanent gastric pacemaker, with pacing lead implanted on the gastric pouch (2), the antrum of the reconstructed stomach (1), or the proximal Roux limb (2). @entity390 and emesis improved significantly postoperatively; mean total symptom score decreased from 15 to 11 out of 20. There was also a persistent improvement in gastric emptying postoperatively based on radionuclide testing. CONCLUSION: If medical therapy fails, electrical stimulation is a viable option in selected @entity1 with @entity7623 symptoms complicating gastric bypass and should be considered in lieu of reversal surgery or gastrectomy.

title: XXXX after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: surgical treatment with implantable pacemaker.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['disordered gastric emptying']

entities_list: @entity7623 :: ('MESH:D018589', 'Disease') :: ['refractory gastroparesis', 'gastroparesis']

answer: @entity7623 :: (MESH:D018589,Disease) :: ['Refractory gastroparesis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Respiratory motion presents significant challenges for accurate PET/CT. It often introduces apparent increase of lesion size, reduction of measured standardized uptake value (SUV), and the mismatch in PET/CT fusion images. In this study, we developed the motion freeze method to use 100% of the counts collected by recombining the counts acquired from all phases of gated PET data into a single 3D PET data, with correction of respiration by deformable image registration. METHODS: Six @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity2 confirmed by oncologists were recruited. PET/CT scans were performed with Discovery STE system. The 4D PET/CT with the Varian real-time position management for respiratory motion tracking was followed by a clinical 3D PET/CT scan procedure in the static mode. Motion freeze applies the deformation matrices calculated by optical flow method to generate a single 3D effective PET image using the data from all the 4D PET phases. RESULTS: The increase in SUV and decrease in @entity5 size with motion freeze for all lesions compared to the results from 3D and 4D was observed in the preliminary data of @entity2 @entity1 . In addition, motion freeze substantially reduced @entity5 mismatch between the CT image and the corresponding PET images. CONCLUSION: Motion freeze integrating 100% of the PET counts has the potential to eliminate the influences induced by respiratory motion in PET data.

title: Motion freeze for respiration motion correction in PET/CT: a preliminary investigation with @entity2 XXXX data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a period of 5 years, 2 @entity1 with enterolith ileus, caused by @entity7261 , were treated in our hospital. In order to learn more about treatment options, the literature was reviewed. METHODS: The case history of the 2 @entity1 is described. Relevant articles were identified using Medline and PubMed. Data regarding @entity1 gender, age, operative findings, therapeutic measures and outcome were collected. RESULTS: Including @entity1 reported in the literature, 34 cases of @entity1321 due to enteroliths expelled from jejunal @entity7261 were identified. A distinction is made between complicated and uncomplicated enterolith ileus. If there are signs of @entity63 , other (unborn) enteroliths, @entity32 of the bowel or if there are signs of a (sealed) perforation, the case is considered a complicated enterolith ileus. If none of these signs are present, uncomplicated enterolith ileus is present. In uncomplicated enterolith ileus (21 @entity1 ), more often milking and crushing or enterotomy was performed. In complicated enterolith ileus (13 @entity1 ), more often a segmental resection of the involved jejunum was performed (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity1744 due to enteroliths expelled from jejunal @entity7261 is a rare condition. Relevant literature is only available in the form of case reports. On the basis of the presented @entity1 and @entity1 reported in the literature, a justifiable therapeutic strategy is presented. The least invasive step in the therapeutic approach is to crush and milk the obstructing enterolith down to the colon. Laparoscopic crushing and milking of the enterolith is described. If this fails an enterotomy could be tried, if possible proximal or distal from the obstruction site, in order to make an incision in a less @entity4 area. If the first two strategies fail, or if complicated enterolith ileus is present, resection of the involved jejunal segment could be considered.

title: Enterolith ileus as a complication of XXXX : two case reports and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['bowel ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['jejunal diverticulosis', 'diverticula']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['Small bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity7261 :: (MESH:D004240,Disease) :: ['jejunal diverticulosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Rupture risk assessment for @entity438 remains challenging, and risk factors, including wall shear stress, are discussed controversially. The primary purpose of the presented challenge was to determine how consistently @entity1756 status and @entity397 site could be identified on the basis of computational fluid dynamics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two geometrically similar MCA @entity439 were selected, 1 @entity397 , 1 unruptured. Participating computational fluid dynamics groups were blinded as to which case was @entity397 . @entity1 were provided with digitally segmented lumen geometries and, for this phase of the challenge, were free to choose their own flow rates, blood rheologies, and so forth. @entity1 were asked to report which case had @entity397 and the likely site of @entity397 . In parallel, lumen geometries were provided to a group of neurosurgeons for their predictions of @entity397 status and site. RESULTS: Of 26 participating computational fluid dynamics groups, 21 (81%) correctly identified the @entity397 case. Although the known @entity397 site was associated with low and oscillatory wall shear stress, most groups identified other sites, some of which also experienced low and oscillatory shear. Of the 43 participating neurosurgeons, 39 (91%) identified the @entity397 case. None correctly identified the @entity397 site. CONCLUSIONS: Geometric or hemodynamic considerations favor identification of @entity397 status; however, retrospective identification of the @entity397 site remains a challenge for both engineers and clinicians. A more precise understanding of the hemodynamic factors involved in @entity439 wall pathology is likely required for computational fluid dynamics to add value to current clinical decision-making regarding @entity397 risk.

title: The Computational Fluid Dynamics Rupture Challenge 2013-Phase I: Prediction of Rupture Status in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Intracranial Aneurysms']


abstract: Imaging of membrane potential (Vm) and intracellular @entity460 (Cai2+) is important for studying mechanisms of @entity299 , @entity943 and defibrillation. We have developed an optical technique for simultaneous mapping of Vm and Cai2+ in cultured cell monolayers using fluorescent Vm- and @entity141 -sensitive dyes. Cultures of neonatal @entity35 myocytes were double-stained with dyes @entity50436 (Vm) and an analog of @entity3576 or @entity41178 dyes ( @entity141 ). These dyes have overlapping excitation spectra, allowing simultaneous excitation at the same wavelength range, and separate emission spectra allowing division of the fluorescent light into components sensitive to Vm and Cai2+, which were measured with two 16x16 photodiode arrays. It was found that Cai2+ measurements were strongly dependent on the properties of @entity141 -sensitive dyes. Thus, high-affinity @entity141 dyes such as @entity20048 and @entity41178 reported Cai2+ transients approximately twice as long as those reported by low-affinity dyes @entity57645 and Rhod-FF. In addition, dyes with different affinities resulted in different measurements of Cai2+ responses to electrical shocks. When shocks were applied during the early plateau phase of the action potential, low-affinity dyes reported transient Cai2+ decreases at sites of both negative and positive Vm changes. In contrast, high-affinity @entity141 dyes reported only a negligible change of plateau Cai2+ and a large elevation of diastolic Cai2+. These discrepancies between high- and low-affinity dyes were explained by a model of dye-ion interaction, which indicated that apparently long Cai2+ transients and Cai2+ responses to electrical shocks measured with high-affinity dyes were due to their non-linear response. These results indicate that optical measurements of Cai2+ transient duration and shock-induced Cai2+ changes require the use of low-affinity Cai2+ dyes.

title: Simultaneous optical imaging of membrane potential and intracellular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac excitation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: 1. A highly significant linear correlation was found between glomerular filtration rate and urine flow rate in both freshwater and seawater trout. The percentage tubular reabsorption of water was approximately 33% greater in seawater trout than in freshwater trout. 2. As @entity26 consumption increased, the urine flow rate increased in freshwater and seawater @entity5660 . The proportional increase in urine flow with incremental changes in @entity26 consumption was approximately the same in fresh water and sea water. 3. A significant positive linear relationship between @entity26 consumption and glomerular filtration rate was found in both salinities. The proportional increase in GFR with incremental changes in the @entity26 consumption rate was higher in the seawater trout than in the freshwater trout. 4. As @entity26 consumption increased, the percentage tubular reabsorption of water decreased in the freshwater trout. No significant relationship between these two factors was found in the seawater trout.

title: The effect of increased metabolic rate on renal function in the XXXX , @entity5660 .

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['rainbow trout']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity86 is a common complication of thyroidectomy. @entity1760 is known to modulate serum @entity460 levels and @entity1272 may impede correction of @entity3747 . The purpose of this study was to investigate whether @entity1272 after thyroidectomy has any impact on early @entity3747 and/or @entity2319 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of prospectively maintained databases. Inclusion criteria were total or completion total thyroidectomy with postoperative @entity1760 levels available. The incidence of postoperative @entity3747 was correlated with @entity86 and other risk factors. RESULTS: Two hundred one cases were included. Twenty-six @entity1 (13%) developed @entity86 . @entity1272 (p = .002), @entity5 diagnosis (p = .01), central neck dissection (p = .02), and inadvertent parathyroid resection (p = .02) were significantly associated with @entity3747 . On multivariate analysis, only @entity1272 (p = .005) remained significant. @entity1272 was also a significant predictor of @entity2319 (p = .0004). CONCLUSION: @entity1272 is significantly associated with early @entity3747 and @entity2319 after thyroidectomy. @entity1760 levels should be closely monitored in @entity1 with postthyroidectomy @entity3747 .    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2015.

title: Impact of postoperative @entity1760 levels on early @entity3747 and XXXX after thyroidectomy.

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['hypomagnesemia', 'Hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['permanent hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hypomagnesemia', 'Postoperative hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium', 'Magnesium']

answer: @entity2319 :: (MESH:D003638,Disease) :: ['permanent hypoparathyroidism']