abstract: Forty-one @entity1 with refractory @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) were treated from March 1975 to February 1979 with a schedule-dependent combination of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) and @entity4445 . Intravenous (IV) @entity1500 was followed 24 hours later by IV @entity4445 (10,000 units [U]/m2). The @entity1500 dose was started at 60 to 100 mg/m2 and was escalated by 20 to 40 mg/m2 as tolerated. This sequence was repeated every 7 to 10 days. Eight @entity1 (20%) achieved a complete remission (CR) and six others had a partial response (PR), with clearance of blasts from the peripheral blood and reduction of bone marrow blasts to less than 25% of nucleated marrow cells. Responding @entity1 received a median maximum @entity1500 dose of 120 mg/m2 (range, 60 to 220 mg/m2). The median number of courses required to achieve a CR was 6 (range, 2 to 13 courses). @entity137 consisted of @entity56 to @entity4445 (n = 12), @entity3136 (n = 6), minimal elevation of hepatic enzymes (n = 2), and @entity4854 (n = 1). Treatment was given on an outpatient basis in 95% of all courses. The data indicate that this combination therapy has antileukemic activity and is relatively nontoxic in childhood @entity3052 .

title: XXXX plus @entity4445 . An active combination for @entity1 with @entity3052 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute nonlymphocytic leukemia', 'ANLL']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['Methotrexate']


abstract: The toxin B assay was used to evaluate C. diff.-CUBE, a new @entity3603 ( @entity3603 ) for the laboratory diagnosis of @entity2718 -associated @entity294 . The widely used latex agglutination test was also included for comparison. Stools from 100 @entity1 suspected of having @entity2718 -associated @entity294 were tested. The toxin B assay, latex agglutination, and @entity3603 tests were positive for 12%, 9%, and 22% of the specimens, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the @entity3603 test were 67%, 84%, 36%, and 95%, respectively, compared with the toxin B assay. The specificity (98%) and positive predictive value (78%) for the latex agglutination test were significantly higher than those of the @entity3603 test. Of 13 specimens solely positive by the @entity3603 test, 11 were cultured and none were positive. Clinical assessment supported only two of the 13 positive @entity3603 results. When clinical assessment was included in the analysis, the @entity3603 positive predictive value rose to 45%. Although the sensitivity and negative predictive values of the @entity3603 test are comparable to the latex agglutination test, the low specificity and positive predictive values of the @entity3603 test make it an inappropriate method to use for screening in a population with a low prevalence of true positives.

title: Evaluation of C. diff.-CUBE test for detection of XXXX -associated @entity294 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['C. difficile', 'Clostridium difficile']

entities_list: @entity3603 :: ('MESH:C562924', 'Disease') :: ['DIA', 'dot-immunobinding assay']

answer: @entity2718 :: (1496,Species) :: ['Clostridium difficile']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Overweight and @entity28 are associated with @entity65 ( @entity65 ). This study was designed to investigate whether combined use of @entity9805 and @entity2165 has any effect on body weight (BW) and whether @entity2449 can prevent antihypertensive medication-induced @entity1017 and has any effect on blood @entity413 (BG). METHODS: Included in the present study were 94 @entity101 @entity1 with a body mass index (BMI) > or =25 kg/m(2), of whom 45 @entity1 were treated with @entity9805 plus @entity2165 (N/A group), and the remaining 49 @entity1 were treated with @entity9805 , @entity2165 , and @entity2449 (N/A/M group). The mean follow-up duration was 14 months. BW and @entity413 tolerance were measured. RESULTS: In N/A group, BW and fasting BG significantly increased from 73.5 +/- 9.6 kg to 74.2 +/- 9.7 kg (P < 0.05) and from 94.2 +/- 10.5 mg/dl to 97.9 +/- 11.3 mg/dl (P < 0.01), respectively, whereas postprandial BG did not change significantly. In N/A/M group, BW slightly decreased from 72.7 +/- 10.1 kg to 72.3 +/- 10.2 kg (P = 0.30), and fasting BG did not change significantly (93.5 +/- 10.4 mg/dl vs. 92.7 +/- 10.2 mg/dl, P = 0.59), whereas 2-h postprandial BG significantly decreased from 133.7 +/- 30.5 mg/dl to 124.0 +/- 29.6 mg/dl (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant difference was observed in difference value of BW before and after treatment between the two groups (0.7 (95% confidence interval, 0.1-1.3) kg in N/A group vs. -0.4 (95% confidence interval, -1.3 to 0.4) kg in N/A/M group, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy of @entity9805 and @entity2165 may significantly increase BW and fasting BG in overweight or @entity28 @entity1 with @entity101 . @entity2449 may prevent @entity1017 and improve BG levels in @entity101 @entity1 who received combination therapy of @entity9805 and @entity2165 .

title: Effect of @entity2449 on @entity1017 during antihypertensive treatment with a beta-blocker in Chinese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity9805 :: ('MESH:D009568', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrendipine']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain', 'BW gain']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin', 'metformin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) is frequently over-expressed in primary @entity0 . In transgenic @entity0 models, over-expression of @entity3840 leads to @entity5 formation while @entity3840 inhibition exerts anti- @entity5 effects in @entity0 cell lines. To further determine the effect of @entity3840 inhibition in primary @entity0 , we aimed to identify transcriptional changes in @entity0 tissues of @entity1 treated with the selective @entity3840 inhibitor @entity12698 . METHODS: In a single-centre double-blind phase II study, thirty-seven @entity0 @entity1 were randomised to receive either pre-operative @entity12698 (400 mg) twice daily for two to three weeks (n = 22) or a placebo according to the same schedule (n = 15). Gene expression in fresh-frozen pre-surgical biopsies (before treatment) and surgical excision specimens (after treatment) was profiled by using Affymetrix arrays. Differentially expressed genes and altered pathways were bioinformatically identified. Expression of selected genes was validated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Immunohistochemical protein expression analyses of the proliferation marker Ki-67, the apoptosis marker cleaved caspase-3 and the neo-angiogenesis marker @entity2280 served to evaluate biological response. RESULTS: We identified 972 and 586 significantly up- and down-regulated genes, respectively, in @entity12698 -treated specimens. Significant expression changes in six out of eight genes could be validated by qPCR. Pathway analyses revealed over-representation of deregulated genes in the networks of proliferation, cell cycle, extracellular matrix biology, and inflammatory immune response. The Ki-67 mean change relative to baseline was -29.1% (P = 0.019) and -8.2% (P = 0.384) in the treatment and control arm, respectively. Between treatment groups, the change in Ki-67 was statistically significant (P = 0.029). Cleaved caspase-3 and @entity2280 expression were not significantly different between the @entity12698 -treated and placebo-treated groups. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term @entity3840 inhibition by @entity12698 induces transcriptional programs supporting anti- @entity5 activity in primary @entity0 tissue. The impact on proliferation-associated genes is reflected by a reduction of Ki-67 positive cells. Therefore, @entity3840 inhibition should be considered as a treatment strategy for further clinical testing in primary @entity0 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01695226.

title: A randomised controlled phase II trial of pre-operative XXXX treatment reveals anti- @entity5 transcriptional response in primary @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity12698 :: (MESH:C105934,Chemical) :: ['celecoxib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are generally considered to represent a host immune response directed against @entity5 antigens. TIL are also increasingly recognised as possible prognostic parameters. However, the effects observed are variable indicating that results cannot be extrapolated from type of @entity5 to another. Moreover, it has been suggested that primary solid @entity5 may be ignored by the immune system and that a meaningful immune response is only mounted in regional lymph nodes. METHODS: We have examined the local distribution of immune cells in @entity5 -related compartments in @entity213 ( @entity213 ). In a second step, the prognostic impact of these cells on disease-free survival (DFS) was analysed. A total of 198 tissue cores from 33 @entity1 were evaluated using tissue mircroarray technique and immunohistochemistry. @entity5 immune cells were identified using antibodies specific for CD3, @entity405 , GranzymeB, @entity403 , @entity2225 and @entity469 and quantified using an image analysis system. RESULTS: We demonstrate a relative expansion of @entity403 + regulatory T-cells (Treg) and of cytotoxic T-cells among @entity5 infiltrating T-cells. We also show that intratumoural @entity2225 + B-cells are significantly more frequent in metastatic deposits than in primary @entity5 . Furthermore, we observed a reduced number of peritumoural @entity405 + T-cells in metastatic lymph nodes as compared to univolved regional nodes suggesting a local down-modulation of cellular immunity. All other immune cells did not show significant alterations in distribution. We did not observe an association of @entity5 infiltrating immune cells at the primary site with outcome. However, increased numbers of intraepithelial @entity405 + TIL in @entity5 as well as large numbers of peritumoural B-cells in lymph node @entity3 were associated with favourable outcome. Unexpectedly, no effect on @entity1 outcome was observed for Treg in any compartment. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that alterations in lymphocyte distribution in regional lymph nodes rather than at the primary @entity5 site may be relevant for @entity1 prognosis. Moreover, we demonstrate that in addition to cellular immunity humoral immune responses may be clinically relevant in anti- @entity5 immunity.

title: Distribution of immune cells in head and neck cancer: XXXX + T-cells and @entity2225 + B-cells in metastatic lymph nodes are associated with favourable outcome in @entity1 with oro- and hypopharyngeal carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour-infiltrating', 'metastatic tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['HNSCC', 'head and neck squamous cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity405 :: (925,Gene) :: ['CD8']


abstract: PURPOSE: Hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT) is often used in the treatment of @entity1745 ( @entity1745 ). This randomized trial was planned to assess the clinical outcome and @entity137 of two different hypofractionated RT regimens in @entity1745 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Three hundred @entity1 with @entity1745 were randomly assigned to a short-course RT (8 Gy x 2 days) or to a split-course RT (5 Gy x 3; 3 Gy x 5). Only @entity1 with a short life expectancy entered the protocol. Median follow-up was 33 months (range, 4 to 61 months). RESULTS: A total of 276 (92%) @entity1 were assessable; 142 (51%) treated with the short-course and 134 (49%) treated with the split-course RT regimen. There was no significant difference in response, duration of response, survival, or @entity137 found between the two arms. When short- versus split-course regimens were compared, after RT 56% and 59% @entity1 had back @entity158 relief, 68% and 71% were able to walk, and 90% and 89% had good bladder function, respectively. Median survival was 4 months and median duration of improvement was 3.5 months for both arms. @entity137 was equally distributed between the two arms: grade 3 @entity2910 or @entity7551 was registered in four @entity1 (1.5%), grade 3 @entity294 occurred in four @entity1 (1.5%), and grade 3 @entity391 or @entity390 occurred in 10 @entity1 (6%). Late @entity137 was never recorded. CONCLUSION: Both hypofractionated RT schedules adopted were effective and had acceptable @entity137 . However, considering the advantages of the short-course regimen in terms of @entity1 convenience and machine time, it could become the RT regimen of choice in the clinical practice for @entity1745 @entity1 .

title: Short-course versus split-course radiotherapy in XXXX : results of a phase III, randomized, multicenter trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic spinal cord compression', 'MSCC']

answer: @entity1745 :: (MESH:D013117,Disease) :: ['metastatic spinal cord compression']


abstract: The @entity5626 are being used increasingly as therapy for @entity3 . Prospective sentinel surveillance for the emergence of in vitro resistance to the @entity5626 among invasive Candida sp. isolates is indicated. We determined the in vitro activities of @entity25928 , @entity11794 , and @entity1331 against 5,346 invasive (bloodstream or sterile-site) isolates of Candida spp. collected from over 90 medical centers worldwide from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2006. We performed susceptibility testing according to the CLSI M27-A2 method and used RPMI 1640 broth, 24-h incubation, and a prominent inhibition endpoint for determination of the MICs. Of 5,346 invasive Candida sp. isolates, species distribution was 54% @entity5132 , 14% @entity7409 , 14% @entity7408 , 12% @entity9841 , 3% C. krusei, 1% @entity18203 , and 2% other Candida spp. Overall, all three @entity5626 were very active against Candida: @entity25928 (MIC50, 0.06 microg/ml; MIC90, 2 microg/ml), @entity11794 (MIC50, 0.03 microg/ml; MIC90, 0.25 microg/ml), @entity1331 (MIC50, 0.015 microg/ml; MIC90, 1 microg/ml). More than 99% of isolates were inhibited by < or = 2 microg/ml of all three agents. Results by species (expressed as the percentages of isolates inhibited by < or = 2 microg/ml of @entity25928 , @entity11794 , and @entity1331 , respectively) were as follows: for @entity5132 , 99.6%, 100%, and 100%; for @entity7409 , 92.5%, 99.9%, and 100%; for @entity7408 , 99.9%, 99.9%, and 100%; for @entity9841 , 100%, 99.8%, and 100%; for C. krusei, 100%, 100%, and 100%; and for @entity18203 , 90.2%, 95.1%, and 100%. There was no significant change in the activities of the three @entity5626 over the 6-year study period and no difference in activity by geographic region. All three @entity5626 have excellent in vitro activities against invasive strains of Candida isolated from centers worldwide. Our prospective sentinel surveillance reveals no evidence of emerging @entity5637 resistance among invasive clinical isolates of Candida spp.

title: In vitro susceptibility of invasive isolates of Candida spp. to XXXX , @entity11794 , and @entity1331 : six years of global surveillance.

entities_list: @entity1331 :: ('MESH:C121905', 'Chemical') :: ['micafungin']

entities_list: @entity25928 :: ('MESH:C102786', 'Chemical') :: ['anidulafungin']

entities_list: @entity18203 :: ('4929', 'Species') :: ['C. guilliermondii']

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['C. parapsilosis']

entities_list: @entity5637 :: ('CHEBI:57248', 'Chemical') :: ['echinocandin']

entities_list: @entity5626 :: ('MESH:D054714', 'Chemical') :: ['echinocandins']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity25928 :: (MESH:C102786,Chemical) :: ['anidulafungin']


abstract: AIM: To study and compare cytogenetic abnormalities in the bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) @entity2280 + @entity1583 progenitor cells and in the BM mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in @entity1 with @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ). Subjects and methods. The results of a cytogenetic analysis of the total population of BM cells (BMC), @entity2280 + @entity1583 progenitor cells from BM and PB, and BM MSCs were analyzed in 35 @entity1 (29 @entity1 with @entity2590 and 6 with @entity2590 transformed into @entity3052 ( @entity3052 )) and 7 healthy BM donors. Cytogenetic examinations were performed by G-banding of chromosomes and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). RESULTS: The BMC karyotype was abnormal in 17 (49%) of the 35 @entity1 (13 with @entity2590 and 4 with @entity3052 ); the others were found to have a normal BM karyotype. The FISH analysis confirmed the same cytogenetic abnormalities in the BM and PB @entity2280 + @entity1583 progenitor cells in all the examinees with an abnormal karyotype. The mean abnormal clone sizes in the total population of BMCs and BM and PB @entity2280 + progenitor cells did not differ and constituted 65.8, 73.1, and 74.8%, respectively. The @entity1 with a normal BM karyotype had no chromosome abnormalities in the @entity2280 + cells either. The karyotype of MSCs was analyzed in 23 (19 with @entity2590 and 4 with @entity3052 ) of the 35 @entity1 . No karyotype abnormalities were revealed in the @entity1 with @entity2590 transformed into @entity3052 . There were structural chromosome aberrations in 2 (11%) of the 19 @entity1 with @entity2590 (one with constitutional inv(9)(p1 3q21) was found to have non-clonal translocation t(2;22)(p10;q1 1) and the other had a clone with an additional segment of the long arm of chromosome 2 in 35% of the cells. No numerical MSC karyotype abnormalities were detected. A normal MSC karyotype was defined in 7 healthy BM donors. CONCLUSION: The cytogenetic analysis of @entity1583 and mesenchymal progenitor cells showed that the chromosome abnormalities revealed in these cell populations were different in the @entity1 with @entity2590 . The isolated @entity2280 + cells displayed the same cytogenetic abnormalities as in a total population of BMC. Examination of the latter could reveal no cytogenetic abnormalities in the majority of the @entity1 . A normal BMC karyotype was detectable in the @entity1 with @entity3052 . Two (11%) @entity1 with @entity2590 were found to have @entity2526 that differed from those detected in the total population of BMC and in isolated @entity2280 + cells. The differences of chromosome abnormalities in the @entity1583 and mesenchymal progenitor cells point to the fact that the stromal microenvironment is not part of the abnormal clone in @entity2590 , however, it may be of great importance in the pathogenesis of the disease.

title: [Cytogenetic characteristics of XXXX and stromal progenitor cells in @entity2590 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['structural chromosome abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematopoietic']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity73 represent a core symptom cluster in @entity161 ( @entity161 ) that is predictive of outcome but not effectively treated by current antipsychotics. Thus, there is a need for validated animal models for testing potential pro-cognitive drugs. OBJECTIVE: As @entity5373 levels are increased in prefrontal cortex (PFC) of individuals with @entity161 , we acutely increased brain levels of this astrocyte-derived, negative modulator of alpha7 nicotinic @entity934 receptors (a7nAChRs) by administration of its bioprecursor @entity10594 and measured the effects on extracellular @entity5373 and @entity2227 levels in PFC and also performance in a set-shifting task. RESULTS: Injections of @entity10594 (100 mg/kg, i.p.) increased extracellular @entity5373 (1,500%) and decreased @entity2227 levels (30%) in PFC. @entity10594 also produced selective deficits in set-shifting. Saline- and @entity10594 -treated @entity35 similarly acquired the compound discrimination and intra-dimensional shift (saline, 7.0 and 6.3 trials, respectively; @entity10594 , 8.0 and 6.7). Both groups required more trials to acquire the initial reversal (saline, 15.3; @entity10594 , 22.2). Only @entity10594 -treated @entity35 were impaired in acquiring the extra-dimensional shift (saline, 8.2; @entity10594 , 21.3). These deficits were normalized by administering the a7nAChR positive allosteric modulator @entity11545 (3.0 mg/kg, i.p) prior to @entity10594 , as trials were comparable between @entity11545 + @entity10594 (7.8) and controls (8.2). Bilateral local perfusion of the PFC with @entity11545 (5.0  M) also attenuated @entity10594 -induced deficits. CONCLUSIONS: These results validate the use of animals with elevated brain @entity5373 levels in @entity161 research and support studies of drugs that normalize brain @entity5373 levels and/or positively modulate a7nAChRs as pro-cognitive treatments for @entity161 .

title: Acute elevations of brain @entity5373 impair cognitive flexibility: normalization by the alpha7 positive modulator XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity11545 :: ('MESH:D005702', 'Chemical') :: ['galantamine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'SZ']

entities_list: @entity5373 :: ('MESH:D007736', 'Chemical') :: ['kynurenic acid']

entities_list: @entity10594 :: ('CHEBI:16946', 'Chemical') :: ['kynurenine', 'Kynurenine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity11545 :: (MESH:D005702,Chemical) :: ['galantamine']


abstract: Heterogeneity of @entity4114 transmission in irrigated fields. Although irrigated areas exist since a long time in the @entity3456 Valley the distribution of the @entity14454 does not appear homogeneous, testifying to the existence of limiting or favourable factors. The identification of these factors could lead to a better definition of the distribution of the @entity2040 risks and to optimise control programmes. The population of five villages about 1,900 inhabitants living in the same irrigated area (S  b  ri) was examined at the end of 1999 before treatment and surveyed two and ten months after treatment by @entity2039 in order to investigate re-infections. In parallel, the transmission sites were subject to a semi-monthly malacological follow-up from 1998 to 2001 and the water contacts were quantified in the sites of the main village during 2000. Before treatment, @entity2040 risks appeared related to the proximity between habitat and lateral canals: the infections concerning youngers were all the more intense that the dwellings were close to the canal. The parasitological indices were the highest in the village lacking of other water sources. The morbidity indices followed a similar distribution with maximum values in the @entity1 of the 3 villages located to less than 1 km from the canal; however, morbidity was mainly observed in the adult population, in particular male, of the 2 villages which were the most distant from the canal. After treatment, the incidence of the @entity281 between 2 and 10 months was comparable in the 3 villages close to the canal (28%) but was significantly weaker in the 2 villages far from the transmission sites (5%). In the villages bordering the canal, the incidence in the @entity1 was all the more high since the habitat was close to the canal. Between 1999 and 2000, the collected number of Bulinus truncatus decreased from 1.4 to 0.6 individuals per survey; moreover, no mollusc harbouring parasites was found, representing the decrease of the parasite burden. The abnormal weakness of @entity281 , regarding this type of focus, could be explained by the repeated stop of water supply inducing a complete drying out of the canal for 2 months during the year preceding the study. These repeated drying out also resulted in a reduction of the exposure. Whereas the average frequentation of the sites of the canal remained rather comparable between January (cold dry season) and May (dry hot season), it decreased dramatically in September (rainy season but canals were not irrigated this year) from 99 to 11 daily contacts. The use of the lateral canal when filled represented 80% of the contacts. In the event of drying out, 80% of the contacts were transferred in the ponds but not in the river (5% of the contacts whatever the season). These results confirmed (1) that the presence of canals reduced the use of natural sites and (2) that the drying out of the canals induced a total reduction of the contacts.

title: [Heterogeneity of XXXX transmission in irrigated fields].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity14454 :: ('MESH:D012553', 'Disease') :: ['urinary schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['re-infection']

entities_list: @entity4114 :: ('6185', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma haematobium']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity2039 :: ('MESH:D011223', 'Chemical') :: ['praziquantel']

answer: @entity4114 :: (6185,Species) :: ['Schistosoma haematobium']


abstract: Twelve consecutive @entity1 with advanced stage @entity4888 ( @entity4888 ) were treated with combined total body X ray irradiation (TBI) and total skin electron beam radiotherapy (EBRT). Six had generalized @entity66 and dermatopathic nodes, three had @entity5 stage disease and node biopsy positive for @entity4888 , and three had @entity14041 . The treatment regimen consisted of split course total body X ray irradiation, given in twice weekly 15 cGy fractions to 75 cGy, then total skin electron beam radiation therapy given in once weekly 400 cGy fractions to a total dose of 2400 cGy. Underdosed areas and areas of greatest initial involvement were boosted 400 cGy twice weekly for an additional 1200 cGy. This was followed by a second course of total body X ray irradiation, to a total dose of 150 cGy. The total skin electron beam radiotherapy technique is a modification of an established six position EBRT technique for @entity4888 . Measurements to characterize the beam with and without a lexan scattering plate, demonstrated that the combination of no-plate beams produced better dose uniformity with a much higher dose rate. This improved technique is particularly advantageous for elderly and/or frail @entity1 . Nine (75%) of the 12 @entity1 achieved complete response (CR). The other three had significant improvement with greater than 80% clearing of their disease and resolution of symptoms. All six @entity1 with generalized @entity66 achieved complete response and remained free of disease from 2 to 16 months. Two of three node positive @entity1 also achieved complete response; one, with massive biopsy-documented @entity4888 nodal disease and deep open @entity5 , remained relapse-free over 2 years. Only one of the three @entity1 with @entity14041 achieved a complete response, which was short lived. Therapy was well tolerated. No significant hematological @entity137 occurred. Although total body X ray irradiation and total skin electron beam radiotherapy produced excellent palliation of @entity1 with advanced stage @entity4888 , new strategies to provide more effective systemic treatment are needed.

title: Combined total body X-ray irradiation and total skin electron beam radiotherapy with an improved technique for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['mycosis fungoides', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['plaque disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14041 :: ('MESH:D012751', 'Disease') :: ['erythroderma/Sezary syndrome']

answer: @entity4888 :: (MESH:D009182,Disease) :: ['mycosis fungoides']


abstract: We describe five adolescent @entity1 aged between 13 and 16 years with @entity9980 of the posteromedial aspect of the talus. All presented without a history of @entity130 . All the ankles had a similar radiological appearance. Clinically, some restriction of movement was noted in three ankles and two @entity2720 , In addition, @entity158 was noted over the posteromedial aspect of the ankle in three @entity1 . In each @entity1 the bipartite fragment was excised through a posteromedial approach to the ankle. Complete resolution was achieved at six months in three @entity1 , with the remaining two describing exercise-induced symptoms. In one of these this precluded participation in sport. Despite numerous anatomical variations within the tarsus, a case series of a bipartite talus has not previously been reported. This anatomical variation should be recognised to avoid misinterpretation as post-traumatic or other pathological processes. In the presence of recalcitrant symptoms excision is an option, but this is not universally successful in abolishing symptoms.

title: Treatment of posterior ankle XXXX by excision of a bipartite talar fragment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9980 :: ('MESH:C562735', 'Disease') :: ['bipartite ossification']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['subtalar joints']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: The effects of @entity26 -derived radical scavengers (ODRS) on the heart was investigated during the @entity460 paradox. Perfusion with @entity141 -free medium caused cell separation at the intercalated discs and changes in the endothelial cells. Upon @entity141 reintroduction, a massive cell damage occurred. The cytosolic enzyme, @entity908 phosphokinase (CPK), was released in large amounts (p less than 0.001). The tissue @entity855 ( @entity855 ) was reduced to 3.7 mumol/g dry weight from the control value of 21.6 mumol/g dry weight and tissue @entity141 content was increased threefold. The treatment with @entity224 dismutase ( @entity1367 ) and catalase (CAT) increased percentage of normal cells (62.2%) compared to nontreated @entity141 paradox group (0.2%) and caused negligible leakage of CPK. Tissue @entity855 was preserved (p less than 0.03), and @entity141 content was also reduced in the hearts treated with @entity1367 and CAT (p less than 0.03). The cell membranes and vascular endothelium were well preserved in the hearts treated with @entity1367 and CAT. Boiled @entity1367 and CAT administered were totally ineffective. It is suggested that @entity26 -active species may have a role in the @entity141 paradox injury.

title: @entity26 derived radicals related injury in the heart during XXXX paradox.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: The mean platelet volume ( @entity6688 ) is a laboratory marker associated with platelet function and activity. Increased @entity6688 in @entity1031 is considered an important risk factor. The aim of this study was to compare the @entity6688 and @entity6688 /platelet count ( @entity6688 /P) ratio between @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) and control subjects. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of @entity1 (n   =   91) admitted due to newly diagnosed @entity1150 from December 2010 to March 2012. The control group (n   =   311) underwent health screening at our Hospital. Median @entity6688 was higher in @entity1150 @entity1 compared to controls (8.6   fl vs. 7.9   fl, p   <   0.0001). The @entity1150 @entity1 also had a higher @entity6688 /P ratio compared to the control group (0.0388   fl/(10(9)/l) vs. 0.0308   fl/(10(9)/l), p   <   0.0001). @entity6688 was inversely correlated with platelet count in @entity1150 @entity1 (correlation coefficient   =   -0.33, p   =   0.001). Receiver operator characteristic analysis revealed that an @entity6688 cutoff value of 8.2   fl provided 70.3% sensitivity and 72.7% specificity. An @entity6688 /P cutoff value of 0.0363   fl/(10(9)/l) showed 60% sensitivity and 73% specificity. @entity6688 and @entity6688 /P ratio could be considered meaningful laboratory markers for the risk of @entity1150 .

title: Increased mean platelet volume and mean platelet volume/platelet count ratio in Korean @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic disease']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep vein thrombosis']


abstract: Eight @entity1 with severe @entity2107 underwent cardiac catheterisation. Seven had a pulmonary vascular resistance greater than 3 mm Hg.l-1 min.m2 (mean 8.9, range 2.2-13.8). All had raised intrapulmonary shunts (mean 25.6%, range 5.4-50%, normal less than 5%). Two had a high alveolar dead space, and two had unsuspected @entity299 . @entity4770 ( @entity4770 ), but not 100% @entity26 , caused a significant fall in pulmonary vascular resistance. @entity204 was associated with a high pulmonary vascular resistance and a high shunt. Morphometric studies in three cases showed normal numbers of airways, but increased thickness of bronchial muscle. The numbers of alveoli were reduced and the walls thickened. There was increased medial thickness in small pulmonary arteries with distal extension of muscle. In the oldest @entity1 some vessels were obliterated by @entity82 . We speculate that measurements of pulmonary vascular resistance and shunt may have prognostic value; that a trial of pulmonary vasodilators other than @entity26 might be worthwhile in @entity1 with poor prognosis; and that abnormalities of the pulmonary circulation contribute to the difficulties of managing @entity1 with @entity2107 .

title: Changes in pulmonary circulation in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['Epoprostenol', 'prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity2107 :: (MESH:D001997,Disease) :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Disparities among @entity1 with @entity263 exist across the continuum of care. The interval of time that lapses between first diagnosis and treatment is another disparity that may exist but has not been fully explored. METHODS: Our study looked at the data of 749 @entity1 (353 black and 396 white) who were 40 to 81 years of age when they entered the North Carolina Central Cancer Registry during the years 2007 and 2008. Our dependent variable was the amount of months that had passed between first diagnosis and treatment. Our main independent variable was self-reported race. Covariates included age, income, level of education, insurance status, treatment received, Gleason score, and level of medical mistrust. We used negative binomial regression analysis to determine the association between the amount of time that lapsed between a diagnosis of @entity263 and treatment by race. RESULTS: Compared with white @entity1 , black @entity1 were more likely to experience a longer wait time between diagnosis and treatment of @entity263 (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.36). Controls for demographical, clinical, and psychosocial variables (IRR 1.24; 95% CI, 1.04-1.43) did not explain this difference between the races. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the amount of time that lapses between first diagnosis and treatment of @entity263 is longer for black @entity1 compared with white @entity1 . Our findings have identified an underreported racial disparity in the disease continuum of @entity263 .

title: Racial Disparity in Time Between First Diagnosis and Initial Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1619 , an autologous active cellular immunotherapy, has shown evidence of efficacy in reducing the risk of @entity204 among @entity1 with metastatic castration-resistant @entity263 . METHODS: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned 512 @entity1 in a 2:1 ratio to receive either sipuleucel-T (341 @entity1 ) or placebo (171 @entity1 ) administered intravenously every 2 weeks, for a total of three infusions. The primary end point was overall survival, analyzed by means of a stratified Cox regression model adjusted for baseline levels of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and lactate dehydrogenase. RESULTS: In the sipuleucel-T group, there was a relative reduction of 22% in the risk of @entity204 as compared with the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61 to 0.98; P=0.03). This reduction represented a 4.1-month improvement in median survival (25.8 months in the sipuleucel-T group vs. 21.7 months in the placebo group). The 36-month survival probability was 31.7% in the sipuleucel-T group versus 23.0% in the placebo group. The treatment effect was also observed with the use of an unadjusted Cox model and a log-rank test (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.97; P=0.02) and after adjustment for use of docetaxel after the study therapy (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.98; P=0.03). The time to objective disease progression was similar in the two study groups. Immune responses to the immunizing antigen were observed in @entity1 who received sipuleucel-T. Adverse events that were more frequently reported in the sipuleucel-T group than in the placebo group included chills, fever, and @entity10 . CONCLUSIONS: The use of sipuleucel-T prolonged overall survival among @entity1 with metastatic castration-resistant @entity263 . No effect on the time to disease progression was observed. (Funded by Dendreon; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00065442.)

title: XXXX immunotherapy for castration-resistant @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['Sipuleucel-T']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1619 :: (MESH:D015458,Disease) :: ['Sipuleucel-T']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cavernomas of the temporal lobe occur in 10-20% of @entity1 with cerebral cavernomas. They frequently cause @entity302 , some of which tend to become refractory to medical therapy. Surgical removal of safely achievable symptomatic lesions has been frequently consistent with good long-term outcome. In the present study, a postoperative outcome is assessed. METHODS: Of our 360 consecutive @entity1 with cerebral cavernomas, 53 (15%) had a single cavernoma in the temporal lobe. Forty-nine @entity1 were treated surgically and were included in the study. All data were analyzed retrospectively. The cavernomas were allocated into three groups based on the temporal lobe site: medial, anterolateral, and posterolateral. To collect follow-up data, all available @entity1 were interviewed by phone. @entity410 outcome was assessed using the Engel classification and general outcome using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). RESULTS: @entity1 ' median age at presentation was 37 (range, 7-64) years, with a female/male ratio of 2.5:1. @entity302 occurred in 40 @entity1 (82%). Median duration of @entity410 preoperatively was 3 (range, 0.1-23) years. In addition, four @entity1 (10%) had @entity2414 . Three @entity1 without history of @entity410 (6%) complained of @entity10 and two (4%) had @entity2414 . Three @entity1 (6%) had an incidental cavernoma. @entity548 occurred in nine @entity1 (18%) preoperatively. Median postoperative follow-up time was 6 (range, 0.2-26) years. Favorable @entity410 outcome (Engel class I and II) was registered in 35 @entity1 (90%). Ten @entity1 (25%) who had only a single @entity410 before surgery were @entity410 free during postoperative follow-up. Good general outcome (GOS, 4.5) was detected in 46 @entity1 (96%). Two @entity1 (4%) developed a new mild @entity2414 after surgery, and in two @entity1 existing @entity2414 worsened. CONCLUSIONS: Microsurgical @entity1315 is a safe and effective method to improve @entity410 outcome in @entity1 with medically intractable @entity302 and to prevent deterioration caused by @entity548 .

title: Microsurgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory disorder', 'memory problems', 'memory deficit', 'memory deficits']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['removal of temporal lobe cavernomas']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'Epileptic seizures', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe cavernomas']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: @entity1162 has significant mortality, which is reduced with appropriate management. It is known that @entity1162 masquerades as other conditions, including @entity302 . We aim to evaluate a series of @entity1 with genetically confirmed @entity1162 to establish the frequency of delayed recognition. We also examine causes and potential consequences of diagnostic delay. METHODS: A consecutive case series of @entity1 with @entity1162 was identified through the @entity74 Registry in New Zealand between 2000 and 2005. Detailed retrospective review of 31 cases was undertaken. The primary outcome was the time from first presentation with @entity909 to a diagnosis of @entity1162 . If the diagnosis was not made at the initial presentation, it was considered delayed. For the @entity1 with a delayed diagnosis, the median duration of delay was compared between the subgroup of @entity1 initially misdiagnosed with @entity302 and the others. RESULTS: Genetic mutations in 31 probands were consistent with long QT type 1 in 18 (58%) @entity1 , @entity1162 in 10 (32%) and long QT type 3 in 3 (10%). Median age at diagnosis was 21 years (1 day to 54 years). Thirteen @entity1 (39%) experienced diagnostic delay after presentation with @entity1163 or @entity410 : median delay 2.4 years (2 months to 23 years). Electroencephalograms were obtained in 10 @entity1 ; 5 were diagnosed with @entity302 . For those labeled @entity302 , diagnostic delay was significantly longer than with other misdiagnoses: estimated median difference 9.75 years (95% confidence interval 7.6 to 20.7 years). During the delay period, 4 sudden unexplained deaths reportedly occurred in young relatives. Ten of the 13 had an ECG before diagnosis, with unrecognized pulse rate-corrected QT interval prolongation in 8 cases (range 0.47 to 0.65 seconds). CONCLUSION: Delayed diagnosis of @entity1162 is frequent. Symptoms are often attributed to alternative diagnoses, most commonly @entity410 disorder. @entity1 labeled as @entity302 experience a particularly long diagnostic delay. ECGs were frequently requested, but interpretation errors were common. Given the potentially preventable mortality of @entity1162 , emergency physicians investigating @entity1163 and @entity410 should maintain a high index of suspicion.

title: Misdiagnosis of @entity1162 as XXXX at first presentation.

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['sudden loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac Inherited Disease']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['seizure disorders', 'epilepsy', 'epileptic']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['long QT syndrome', 'Long QT syndrome', 'long QT type 2']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: To evaluate the effects and safety of varying doses of Guizhi Fuling capsule on treating @entity1834 . From August 2010 to March 2011, 240 subjects (aged 18-30) with primary dysmenorrheal, were enrolled in 8 sites. They were randomized into Guizhi Fuling capsule high dose group, low dose group and placebo control group, 80 cases in each group. These @entity1 were treated for three consecutive menstrual cycles, then were followed up in another three consecutive menstrual cycles. Visual analogue scales (VAS) was used to determine the @entity158 intensity. During the treatment, the high-, low-dose and placebo groups efficiency on @entity158 relief are 68.42%, 67.57% and 47.89% respectively. Guzhi Fuling (included high- and low- dose group) significantly relieves the @entity158 compared to placebo. In follow-up, Guzhi Fuling groups are still superior to the placebo group (73.68%, 72.97% and 53.52%). During the treatment, @entity158 duration reduces 57.88% in high dose group, while 46.17% in low dose group, and 30.40% in placebo group. In follow-up, @entity158 lasting time decrease 67.93%, 53.56%, 47.46%, respectively. Guizhi Fuling significantly reduces the @entity158 duration compared to placebo and high-dose is better than low-dose. The efficacy of Guzhi Fuling (high- and low-dose) displays certain dosage-effect relationship. Among these group, no serious adverse event was reported. Guizhi Fuling capsule at high or low dose significantly relieves the @entity158 , improves symptoms, reduces the duration of @entity158 , and has a better overall treatment effect and long-term treatment effect in @entity1 with @entity1834 .

title: [Effects and safety of varying doses of guizhi fuling capsule in @entity1 with XXXX : a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['primary dysmenorrhea']

answer: @entity1834 :: (MESH:D004412,Disease) :: ['primary dysmenorrhea']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Several agonists of the alpha7 nicotinic @entity934 receptor (nAChR) have been developed for treatment of @entity73 . However, agonist efficacy in vivo is difficult to reconcile with rapid alpha7 nAChR desensitization in vitro; and furthermore, the correlation between in vitro receptor efficacy and in vivo behavioural efficacy is not well delineated. The possibility that agonists of this receptor actually function in vivo as inhibitors via desensitization has not been finally resolved. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Two structurally related alpha7 nAChR agonists were characterized and used to assess the degree of efficacy required in a behavioural paradigm. KEY RESULTS: @entity28899 activated @entity1 and @entity35 alpha7 nAChR with EC(50)s of 0.72 and 0.88 microM, and apparent efficacies of 77 and 97% respectively. @entity28900 , in contrast, displayed little efficacy at alpha7 nAChR (<2% in oocytes, < or =8% in @entity35 cells), although its agonist-like properties were revealed by adding a positive allosteric modulator of alpha7 nAChRs or using the slowly desensitizing alpha7 @entity28901 receptor. In @entity19 inhibitory avoidance (IA) memory retention, @entity28899 enhanced performance as did the 60% partial agonist @entity28902 . In contrast, @entity28900 did not enhance performance, but blocked effects of @entity28902 . CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Collectively, these findings suggest that a degree of alpha7 nAChR agonist efficacy is required for behavioural effects in the IA paradigm, and that such behavioural efficacy is not due to alpha7 nAChR desensitization. Also, a partial agonist of very low efficacy for this receptor could be used as an inhibitor, in the absence of alpha7 nAChR antagonists with favourable CNS penetration.

title: Role of channel activation in cognitive enhancement mediated by alpha7 nicotinic XXXX receptors.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: @entity855 -sensitive @entity972 channel openers are used as vasodilators in the treatment of @entity65 . The effects of i.v. anaesthetics on arterial relaxation induced by @entity855 -sensitive @entity972 channel openers have not been studied. Therefore, in this study, we have examined if thiopental ( @entity4490 ) and @entity1875 affect the vascular response to the @entity855 -sensitive @entity972 channel openers, cromakalim and @entity1706 , in the isolated @entity35 aorta. Rings of @entity35 thoracic aortas without endothelium were suspended for isometric force recording. Concentration-response curves were obtained in a cumulative manner. During submaximal contractions with @entity2647 0.3 mumol litre-1, relaxation after cromakalim 0.1-30 mumol litre-1, @entity1706 0.1-30 mumol litre-1 and @entity3302 0.1-300 mumol litre-1 was demonstrated. Thiopental 30-300 mumol litre-1, @entity1875 10-100 mumol litre-1, 10% Intralipid 45 microliters or @entity5217 5 mumol litre-1 were applied 15 min before addition of @entity2647 . During contractions with @entity2647 , cromakalim and @entity1706 induced concentration-dependent relaxation. A selective @entity855 -sensitive @entity972 channel antagonist, @entity5217 5 mumol litre-1, abolished this relaxation, whereas it did not affect relaxation produced by @entity3302 . Thiopental concentrations > 30 mumol litre-1 significantly impaired relaxation produced by cromakalim or @entity1706 . @entity1875 concentrations > 10 mumol litre-1 also significantly reduced relaxation produced by cromakalim or @entity1706 , whereas Intralipid was ineffective. Thiopental 300 mumol litre-1 and @entity1875 100 mumol litre-1 did not alter relaxation produced by @entity3302 . These results suggest that the i.v. anaesthetics, thiopental and @entity1875 , @entity73 mediated by @entity855 -sensitive @entity972 channels in vascular smooth muscle cells.

title: Thiopental and @entity1875 impair relaxation produced by @entity855 -sensitive @entity972 channel openers in the XXXX aorta.

entities_list: @entity1706 :: ('MESH:D020110', 'Chemical') :: ['pinacidil']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired vasodilatation']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopentone']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disorders']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) is involved in @entity158 regulation. We studied whether response properties of LC neurons or coeruleospinal antinociception are changed 10-14 days following development of experimental @entity16 . Experiments were performed in spinal nerve-ligated, sham-operated and unoperated male @entity35 under @entity1372 pentobarbital anesthesia. Recordings of LC neurons indicated that responses evoked by noxious somatic stimulation were enhanced in nerve-injured animals, while the effects of @entity128 on spontaneous activity or the response to noxious visceral stimulation were not significant. Microinjection of @entity2227 into the central nucleus of the amygdala produced a dose-related inhibition of the discharge rate of LC neurons in nerve-injured animals but no significant effect on discharge rates in control groups. Assessment of the heat-induced hind limb withdrawal latency indicated that spinal antinociception induced by electrical stimulation of the LC was significantly weaker in nerve-injured than control animals. The results indicate that @entity1897 induces bidirectional changes in coeruleospinal inhibition of @entity158 . Increased responses of LC neurons to noxious somatic stimulation are likely to promote feedback inhibition of @entity56 , while the enhanced inhibition of the LC from the amygdala is likely to suppress @entity158 inhibition and promote @entity9 . It is proposed that the decreased spinal antinociception induced by direct stimulation of the LC may be explained by pronociceptive changes in the non-noradrenergic systems previously described in @entity1897 . Furthermore, we propose the hypothesis that emotions processed by the amygdala enhance @entity158 due to increased inhibition of the LC in @entity1897 .

title: Influence of XXXX on response properties of locus coeruleus neurons and coeruleospinal antinociception in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['noradrenergic pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral nerve injury']


abstract: Ten @entity1 with @entity228 -dependent @entity565 were treated with long-term and low dose @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) for its @entity228 -sparing effect. The average age was 51.2 years (ranged 24 to 67). Three were @entity1 . Despite the use of maximal doses of bronchodilators, their daily @entity617 dosages were always more than 10 mg during an average period of 2.75 years (ranged 1 to 6 years). Following the use of oral @entity1500 , 15mg weekly from more than 6 months (averaged 11.8 months; ranged 6 to 15 months), the average daily requirement of @entity617 decreased from 14.5 to 6.5 mg (p < 0.01). Among them, four did not need @entity134 and the other six had a marked subjective improvement in breathing, cough and nocturnal @entity1353 . However, three of them could not have @entity134 dose reduced. As for adverse reactions to @entity1500 in ten @entity1 , two @entity1 had @entity390 and @entity391 , two had @entity272 , three had @entity2147 , and one had elevated sGOT (78 U/L). The adverse effects were all transient. Neither @entity9645 , nor @entity1431 was found among them. This study suggests long-term low dose oral @entity1500 may have a @entity134 -sparing effect in @entity134 -dependent @entity748 @entity1 . Their adverse effects were mild and transient.

title: [Long term and low dose treatment with @entity1499 in XXXX -dependent @entity565 --two-year clinical experience].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity9645 :: ('MESH:D019226', 'Disease') :: ['oral ulcer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin eruption']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity228 :: (CHEBI:50858,Chemical) :: ['corticosteroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity591 can be a cause of in utero @entity204 . Its detection is not always easy and its treatment is still controversial. CASE REPORT: Paroxysms of @entity4710 were detected on echocardiography at the 25th week of a second pregnancy. The mother was given @entity2778 , but the @entity4710 became permanent. At the 27th week of gestation, @entity2778 was stopped and the mother was given @entity6838 and the foetus received 2 injections of @entity6838 , 10 micrograms/kg, via the umbilical cord. As this treatment was only partially effective, the mother was also given @entity2643 800 mg/day at week 28, then the dose was reduced to 400 mg/day. However, at the 31st week, the mother showed signs of @entity6838 intolerance, and it was replaced by @entity2778 . Fetal blood tests at week 34 showed a high placental transfer of @entity6838 and @entity2778 and a low fetal level of @entity2643 . The newborn, a @entity1 , was born at the 36th week having a sinus rhythm. She developed signs of @entity1375 (T4: 4 micrograms/ml; TSH:325 microliters U/ml at 5 days of life). CONCLUSION: The placental transfers of @entity2778 , @entity6838 and @entity2643 are in the range of values known to be effective. The @entity2643 responsible for @entity1375 was given to the mother because she was intolerant to @entity6838 . Its use must be limited to @entity943 that are resistant to other drugs or complicated by @entity4296 . When used, @entity2643 should not be given for more than 6 weeks, and at the lowest possible dose.

title: [ @entity2643 and fetal XXXX . Apropos of a case with @entity1375 ].

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['Fetal tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4296 :: ('MESH:D015160', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops fetalis']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']


abstract:
UNASSIGNED: Consumers are increasingly interested in over-the-counter skin care products that can improve the appearance of photodamaged and aging skin. This 10-week, open-label, single- center study enrolled 25 subjects with mild to moderate @entity2117 and other clinical stigmata of cutaneous aging including fine lines, sallowness, lack of clarity, and wrinkling. Their mean age was 53.4  7.7 years. The test product contained @entity904 0.5% in combination with @entity4571 4.4%, @entity4025 1%, and @entity32127 1.1% in a moisturizing base. Subjects were provided a skin care regimen including a cleanser, hydrating serum, moisturizer, and an @entity23810 sunscreen for daily use. The test product was applied only at night.

 The use of this skin brightening/anti-aging cosmeceutical was found to provide statistically significant improvements in all efficacy endpoints by study end. Fine lines, radiance, and smoothness were significantly improved as early as week 2 (P<.001). By week 4, @entity2117 , overall skin clarity, evenness of skin tone, and wrinkles showed statistically significant improvement compared to baseline. Mild @entity1909 including flaking and redness occurred early in the study as reflected by tolerability scores. By week 10, subjects reported no stinging, itching, dryness, or tingling.

 The results of this open-label clinical study suggest that a topical cream containing @entity904 0.5% in combination with @entity4571 , @entity4025 , and @entity32127 is efficacious and tolerable for skin brightening/anti-aging when used with a complementary skin care regimen including @entity23810 sun protection.

 J Drugs Dermatol. 2016;15(7):863-868.

title: Efficacy and Tolerability of a Skin Brightening/Anti-Aging Cosmeceutical Containing @entity904 0.5%, @entity4571 , @entity32127 , and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['retinol']

entities_list: @entity4025 :: ('MESH:C059514', 'Chemical') :: ['resveratrol']

entities_list: @entity4571 :: ('MESH:D009536', 'Chemical') :: ['niacinamide']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['retinoid dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity32127 :: ('MESH:D006604', 'Chemical') :: ['hexylresorcinol']

answer: @entity4025 :: (MESH:C059514,Chemical) :: ['Resveratrol']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe a case of an @entity8146 which is a @entity5 of endothelial origin with borderline malignancy between @entity2695 and @entity5426 and which is very rare in the orbit. METHODS: Clinical features, results of imaging and histopathological studies and postoperative clinical course of a 22-year-old female @entity1 who presented with a gradual swelling of the left upper eyelid were reviewed. RESULTS: Magnetic resonance imaging studies suggested a solid lesion with moderate contrast enhancement in the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland. A short course of systemic corticosteroid therapy failed to resolve the lesion. Excisional biopsy of the @entity5 yielded the diagnosis of @entity8146 of the lacrimal gland. The @entity5 was composed of nests of epitheloid cells, some forming @entity2279 positive intracytoplasmic vascular channels containing erythrocytes. CD34 and EMA were also positive and desmin, SMA, p63, S100, Factor VIII and @entity16102 were negative on immunohistochemical studies. During 44 months of follow-up, there has been no recurrence or systemic @entity3 . CONCLUSION: @entity8146 can occur in the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland as a hard, painless, immobile mass. Simple excisional biopsy of the @entity5 , assumed to have an intermediate malignancy grade, without further local or systemic therapy provided a disease-free 3-year survival.

title: XXXX of the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland.

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity8146 :: ('MESH:D006390', 'Disease') :: ['Epitheloid hemangioendothelioma', 'epitheloid hemangioendothelioma']

answer: @entity8146 :: (MESH:D006390,Disease) :: ['Epitheloid hemangioendothelioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1567 is a @entity5 that may exhibit aggressive biological behaviour with local recurrence and @entity3 following initial surgical resection. Surgery is the most acceptable modality of treatment, even if a biological approach is currently on study. We report a case of @entity1567 with development of neck and brain @entity3 after repeated local recurrences. Molecular analysis was performed with the aim to better characterize this @entity5 and its peculiar behaviour. METHODS: We investigated the status of @entity5 protein @entity876 ( @entity876 ), @entity470 ( @entity470 ), @entity817 ( @entity817 ) and @entity1 @entity1722 ( @entity1722 ) genes with immunohistochemical, fluorescent in situ hybridization and/or direct sequencing in order to clarify their possible role in the development of this @entity5 and the possibility of a targeted treatment. RESULTS: The histological appearance of the @entity5 was the same in the @entity75 , in the recurrence and in the @entity3 . @entity470 positivity was present in the recurrence and the brain @entity3 , while @entity1722 was negative in all samples tested. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis for @entity470 showed disomy of neoplastic cells. Direct DNA sequencing of @entity876 gene exons 5 - 9 was carried out in @entity5 samples from the infratemporal recurrence and brain @entity3 , with no mutational alteration detected. Similarly, sequencing analysis of @entity817 exon 15 (V600) and @entity470 gene showed wild type results in all samples tested. CONCLUSIONS: Further studies are needed to identify molecular pathways that may provide an opportunity of alternative treatments and/or new potential predictive markers of local and distant spread of this rare @entity5 .

title: Metastasizing XXXX : Report of a Case with Molecular Characterization.

entities_list: @entity1567 :: ('MESH:D000564', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary ameloblastoma', 'Ameloblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign odontogenic tumour', 'neoplasm', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity817 :: ('673', 'Gene') :: ['B-Raf proto-oncogene', 'BRAF']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor 2', 'HER2']

answer: @entity1567 :: (MESH:D000564,Disease) :: ['Maxillary Ameloblastoma']


abstract: The presence of Y chromosome fragments in @entity1 with @entity2689 ( @entity2689 ) is known to increase the risk of @entity5712 . The investigation of Y sequences is usually performed only in the presence of marker chromosomes and therefore does not rule out the presence of hidden mosaicism in @entity1 with 45,X @entity2689 without any marker. AIMS: 1. To investigate the presence of hidden Y mosaicism in non-mosaic 45,X @entity1 with @entity2689 , using samples from different tissues, and its association with the development of @entity5712 . STUDY DESIGN: Twenty @entity1 with a 45,X karyotype were studied. The @entity16438 and DYZ3 sequences were amplified by PCR, using genomic DNA from peripheral blood, oral epithelial cells and hair roots. Prophylactic gonadectomy was offered to the Y-positive @entity1 . RESULTS: The analysis of the different tissues revealed that seven (35%) out of the 20 @entity1 studied presented hidden chromosome Y mosaicism. Four of these @entity1 underwent prophylactic gonadectomy, and bilateral @entity5712 was found in one of them. CONCLUSIONS: A systematic search for hidden Y chromosome mosaicism in @entity1 with @entity2689 and 45,X karyotype is justified by the possibility of developing @entity5712 .

title: Detection of hidden Y mosaicism in XXXX : importance in the prevention of @entity5712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['TS', "Turner's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity5712 :: ('MESH:D018238', 'Disease') :: ['gonadoblastoma']

answer: @entity2689 :: (MESH:D014424,Disease) :: ['Turner's syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity565 have an increased risk of @entity4195 @entity281 compared with those without @entity565 . It is unknown whether this is true for @entity1 with other @entity558 such as @entity483 or @entity2023 . AIMS: To determine the risk of developing @entity4195 @entity281 of the upper respiratory tract in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity2023 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study that followed a convenience sample of 340 healthy @entity1 . @entity483 or @entity484 and @entity2023 or @entity2023 were determined based on a physician diagnosis documented in medical records. All laboratory test results of cultures, rapid antigen detection, and polymerase chain reaction tests for @entity4195 @entity281 during the first 18 years of life were collected to compare the incidence of @entity4195 @entity281 between @entity1 with and without a physician diagnosis of @entity558 . A Poisson regression was fit to determine the association between @entity565 and @entity4195 @entity281 , controlling for other covariates including @entity565 . RESULTS: Of the 340 subjects, 327 were eligible for the study. Of these 327 subjects, 143 (44%) had @entity558 other than @entity565 . The incidence of @entity4195 @entity281 in @entity1 with @entity558 other than @entity565 and those without @entity558 was 0.24 per @entity1 -year and 0.18 per @entity1 -year, respectively. The adjusted risk ratios for @entity2023 and @entity483 were 1.36 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.66, p=0.011) and 1.30 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.71, p=0.06), respectively, controlling for @entity565 and other covariates. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to @entity565 , @entity2023 but not @entity483 is associated with an increased risk of @entity4195 @entity1729 .

title: @entity4195 XXXX and @entity558 other than @entity565 : a retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'Atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['atopic conditions']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['hay fever', 'allergic rhinitis', 'atopic dermatitis and/or allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes', 'S. pyogenes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory tract infections']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['upper respiratory infection']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity281 are still one of the most important complications of shunt surgery. We observed shunt @entity281 coming from wound breakdown due to minimal CSF leakage from subcutaneous CSF accumulation, which is often unavoidable in babies over the borehole, along the fibers of stitches that close the superficial skin. Whether such secondary shunt @entity281 might be overcome by avoiding stitches has been studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 90 @entity1 experiencing their first shunt insertion between September 1998 and April 2008. We divided the @entity1 into two groups. Wound closure was performed with absorbable subcutaneous one-on-one sutures with counter-sunk knots in both groups. In one group, octylcyanoacrylate tissue adhesive was used for the final layer closure of the skin (44 @entity1 ); in the other group, non-absorbable one-on-one single skin sutures were used (46 @entity1 ). RESULTS: Using the glue, we reduced the wound dehiscence rate from 24% to 2% and the infection rate from 17% to 0%. CONCLUSION: A minimal change of operative technique substantially affects the @entity281 rate due to the extermination of the "wick-effect" along filaments used to close the skin. Furthermore, Dermabond itself has a bactericidal effect.

title: Glue instead of stitches: a minor change of the operative technique with a serious impact on the XXXX rate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'Shunt infections', 'shunt infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['shunt infection']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Knowledge of pathogens causing @entity281 in young @entity1 (up to 90 days of life) is essential for devising community-based management strategies. Most etiological data from developing countries are hospital-based and may have little relevance to communities in which most babies are born at home. METHODS: We searched the literature for studies from developing countries reporting etiology of @entity5046 ( @entity295 , @entity55 , @entity693 ) published since 1980. Hospital-based studies reporting early onset @entity295 , @entity295 among babies admitted from, or born at home were included. RESULTS: Of 63 studies, 13 focused on @entity5046 , but limited data were available from home-born neonates. In the first week of life (3209 isolates), @entity4005 species (25%), @entity526 (15%), and @entity794 (18%) were major pathogens. @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) were relatively uncommon (7%), although regional differences existed. After the first week of life (835 isolates), @entity794 (14%), @entity1892 (12%), @entity328 (12%), and nontyphoidal Salmonella species (13%) were most frequent. @entity2260 (27%) was most common in the postneonatal period (among 141 isolates). Gram-negatives predominated (77%) among home-delivered babies (among 170 isolates). CONCLUSIONS: Limited information is available on etiology of serious @entity2348 in community settings. Hospital-based studies suggest that most @entity281 in the first week of life are due to Gram-negative pathogens, and many may be environmentally rather than maternally-acquired, owing to unhygienic delivery practices. Such practices may also explain the predominance of Gram-negative @entity281 among home-born @entity1 , although data from home settings are limited. These findings have implications for developing prevention and management strategies in communities and hospitals.

title: Pathogens associated with @entity295 in newborns and young XXXX in developing countries.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['Group B streptococci', 'GBS']

entities_list: @entity5046 :: ('MESH:D017714', 'Disease') :: ['community-acquired infections']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In 1990 we initiated a 20 year, partly randomised study (Danish @entity170 Prevention Study, @entity30809 ) in order to (a) evaluate clinical, biochemical and osteodensitometric variables as predictors of low bone mass and future @entity3604 , and (b) test the hypothesis, that @entity34 ( @entity34 ) initiated shortly after menopause reduces the risk of later @entity3604 . This report describes study design and baseline characteristics of the DOPS-cohort. METHODS: The study design is pragmatic, attempting to mimic the normal clinical situation. Several @entity34 alternatives are available according to clinical need. It was considered futile, impractical and unethical to use placebo for 20 years. Instead the study focus on hard endpoints ( @entity174 ) confirmed by independent @entity1 (peripheral @entity174 ) or by methods which allow investigator blinding (spinal X-rays). Statistical evaluation will focus on intention to treat analyses evaluating the decision of @entity34 and it's feasibility. With a compliance of 60% we will have sufficient statistical power (88%) to detect a @entity174 reduction of 40% in the treatments group. Clinical risk factors, current daily intakes of macronutrients, vitamins and minerals, anthropometric variables, biochemical variables (including bone markers and @entity14257 ), regional bone mineral density (BMD) and total body composition were assessed in all @entity1 at entry and at various follow up intervals. RESULTS: 2016 study @entity1 were recruited by direct mailing to a random sample of 45-58 years old @entity1 . In the randomised arm 501 were allocated to @entity34 and 505 to no treatment. In the non-randomised arm 219 preferred @entity34 and 791 preferred no treatment. Post-randomisation analysis revealed a slight but significant difference in age (50.01 versus 50.44 years) but no difference in menopausal age, prevalence of hysterectomy, educational level, BMI, serum bone alkaline phosphatase, serum osteocalcin, urine @entity720 or serum @entity14257 . In the non-randomised arm @entity1 preferring @entity34 were closer to menopause, had a higher prevalence of hysterectomy, were better educated, were leaner, and had lower bone turnover than the @entity1 , who refused @entity34 . CONCLUSION: It is possible to include a sufficient number of perimenopausal @entity1 in a randomised 20 year study on the antifracture effect of @entity34 .

title: The Danish @entity170 Prevention Study (DOPS): project design and inclusion of 2000 normal perimenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity14257 :: ('MESH:C104450', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['HRT', 'hormone replacement therapy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: AIMS: @entity18193 (BF) 0.1% was compared with @entity11074 ( @entity11074 ) 0.02% for the treatment of @entity56 when concomitantly used with @entity9992 ( @entity27268 ) 2.0%. METHODS: Eighty-six @entity1 with @entity56 were treated with DSCG four times a day, and BF was concomitantly administered twice a day in one eye and FML was administered four times a day in the contralateral eye for 1 week. Ocular signs were scored on a four-graded severity. @entity1 recorded symptoms using visual analog scale. @entity1 were asked which concomitant treatment was more suitable for them and scored global evaluation. RESULTS: All subjective symptom scores were decreased in both concomitant treatment groups compared with baseline (P < 0.05). Objective signs were significantly improved with the concomitant use of BF or FML with DSCG (P < 0.05). Neither symptoms nor signs differed significantly between the concomitant use of BF and FML. Fifteen @entity1 selected BF and 29 @entity1 selected FML as the more preferred concomitant eye drops, 42 @entity1 judged no difference in efficacy between the groups. No significant difference was observed in @entity1 's global evaluation between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity18193 for @entity56 was effective, with efficacy equivalent to that of FML when used with DSCG.

title: Comparison of efficacy of @entity18193 0.1% ophthalmic solution and XXXX 0.02% ophthalmic suspension for the treatment of @entity56 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity18193 :: ('MESH:C053083', 'Chemical') :: ['Bromfenac sodium']

entities_list: @entity11074 :: ('MESH:D005469', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorometholone', 'FML']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic conjunctivitis', 'seasonal allergic conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity9992 :: ('MESH:D004205', 'Chemical') :: ['disodium cromoglycate']

answer: @entity11074 :: (MESH:D005469,Chemical) :: ['fluorometholone']


abstract: @entity6369 in males and @entity3799 in females, which were @entity2953 , were treated with @entity18813 , a new @entity1536 antibiotic, and its efficacy was studied. Seventeen male @entity1 with @entity6369 were administered a single 300 mg dose of @entity18813 . The efficacy rate on the 3rd day after administration was 100%, but it was 85.7% on the 7th day due to recurrence in 1 @entity1 . The results of treatment of @entity281 were as follow. In this treatment, @entity18813 was administered in a daily dose of 600 mg in 3 divided doses for 14 consecutive days. In the treatment of @entity7566 of males, the efficacy rate in 26 @entity1 was 84.6% on the 7th day and 84.0% on the 14th day in 25 @entity1 . In the treatment of @entity3799 , the efficacy rate was 100% on both the 7th (3/3) and 14th (6/6) days. In the treatment of non-gonorrheal and non- @entity3799 , the efficacy rate was 100% on the 7th day (1/1) and 50% (1/2) on 14th day. The efficacy rate in all 40 males with @entity6369 was 85.0% on the 7th day and 88.9% for 36 @entity1 on the 14th day, while that in all 4 females with @entity3799 was 100% on the 7th day and 87.5% on the 14th day. No side effects were seen in any of the @entity1 . Overall, @entity18813 had an efficacy rate of 80% in the treatment of @entity281 . @entity18813 was found to be a useful drug which is efficacious in the treatment of all STD-related microbes such as gonococci and @entity1047 .

title: [Epidemiological and therapeutic study on @entity6369 of male and @entity3799 from viewpoint of STD--a study using XXXX . Sapporo Clinical Research Group for STD].

entities_list: @entity6369 :: ('MESH:D014526', 'Disease') :: ['non-gonorrheal urethritis', 'Urethritis', 'gonorrheal urethritis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7566 :: ('MESH:D061387', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydial urethritis']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted diseases']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['non-gonorrheal infections', 'chlamydial infections']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydial cervicitis', 'cervicitis']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydia']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolone']

answer: @entity18813 :: (MESH:C053091,Chemical) :: ['NY-198']


abstract: @entity2718 is a common cause of nosocomial @entity294 . its role in community-acquired @entity294 is also becoming an important public health concern. Hardly any studies have correlated strain ribotypes, toxinotypes and multidrug resistant (MDR) profiles. To investigate these characteristics, 65 @entity2718 isolates obtained from stool samples of @entity1 whose cultures were negative on admission but became positive after 48 h of admission to the ICUs of our hospitals were studied to determine the prevalent ribotypes, toxinotypes and their relationship with the MDR profiles using ELISA/ @entity137 assays, PCR and Etest methods. The toxin-producing strains were toxinotyped by the PCR-RFLP technique. Of the 65 isolates, 42 (64.6%) were toxigenic (T). The isolates were of diverse ribotypes but types 097, 078, 056 and 039 (NT) were predominant. thirty (71.4%) of 42 T and 13 (56.5%) of 23 NT strains were multiresistant to 3 or more antibiotics. Only 3 toxinotypes (0, "V-like" and XII) were encountered. Of the 42 t strains, 30 (71.4%) were of toxinotype 0, and 12 belonged to variant toxinotypes: 4 (9.4%) to toxinotype XII and 8 (19%) to "V-like" toxinotype in which amplified B1 PCR fragments was amplified as expected for toxinotype V but the A3 PCR fragment could not be amplified. The 43 mDR strains were assigned to 3 arbitrary resistance groups; groups 1, 11 and III. the most prevalent isolates (37; 86.1%) were in group II. Of the predominant T ribotypes (097, 078 and 056), c. 62% clustered in group II. Although the number of strains toxinotyped was small, ribotyping and toxinotyping correlated well with the published literature, except for 078 with a novel "V-like" toxinotype. Antibiogram was not as clear-cut.

title: Correlation of multidrug resistance, toxinotypes and PCR ribotypes in XXXX isolates from Kuwait.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['C. difficile', 'Clostridium difficile']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity2718 :: (1496,Species) :: ['Clostridium difficile']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Invasive @entity6923 is an increasingly important cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal intensive care unit. @entity4963 occurs in 4-15% of @entity600 @entity1 . @entity693 occurs in 5-9% of @entity1 with @entity4963 . A few @entity1 with Candida @entity693 (4%) present @entity867 . OBSERVATIONS: We report a neonate born at 34 weeks gestational age, who at 12 days old presented @entity386 and @entity410 . Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) grew @entity5132 , and blood cultures were negative. A head sonogram and head computed tomography scan were negative. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected multiple brain parenchyma micro abscesses. CONCLUSIONS: This case confirms the need of obtaining adequate cultures including blood, urine, and CSF when @entity295 is suspected. Neuroimaging studies should be included in diagnostic workup of @entity1 with @entity364 . Improved neuroimaging techniques such as MRI may lead to earlier diagnosis of @entity867 .

title: XXXX @entity693 and @entity867 in a neonate: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['Candida infection']

entities_list: @entity4963 :: ('MESH:D058387', 'Disease') :: ['candidemia', 'Neonatal candidemia']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['Meningitis', 'meningitis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['extremely low birth weight']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida Albicans']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['systemic fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['ventriculitis or brain abscess', 'cerebral abscesses']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2096 is a rare complication of cardiac catheterization and is usually caused by direct trauma during femoral artery access, compression from a @entity1410 , or prolonged digital pressure for post-procedural hemostasis. Peripheral nerve stimulation has been used to treat different @entity158 in the upper and lower extremities with variable success and it typically requires direct vision with open surgical approach. Since the femoral nerve can be readily seen with ultrasonography, an ultrasound-guided lead placement seemed practical. CASE REPORT: A 61-year-old morbidly @entity28 male who sustained @entity2096 during cardiac catheterization continued to complain of @entity16 18 months afterwords. He failed multiple treatment modalities and continued to complain of severe @entity9 that markedly interfere with his daily activities. Two percutaneous leads were placed under real-time ultrasonography and the placement was confirmed with fluoroscopy. One lead was placed along the @entity129 and the @entity1 had good coverage over the anterior thigh but not below the knee. So another lead was placed horizontally across the femoral nerve in order to stimulate all the branches and the @entity1 reported good coverage along the saphenous nerve distribution down to the foot. RESULTS: The @entity1 continues to be @entity158 free 20 months after the implant. CONCLUSION: Here we described a novel non-invasive percutaneous approach for femoral nerve stimulation with ultrasound guidance which allowed precise placement of the stimulating lead very close to the femoral nerve without the need for surgical exploration.

title: Ultrasound-guided placement of a permanent percutaneous femoral nerve stimulator leads for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal axis of the nerve']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['intractable femoral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain syndromes']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['femoral nerve injury', 'Femoral nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pains']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['intractable femoral neuropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of a novel @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) system for external fixation of @entity174 in @entity1641 and to compare it with the @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) system. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental. SAMPLE POPULATION: One bone substitute each was used for the @entity6029 and @entity6029 systems. The @entity6029 was tested in 4 configurations characterized by different pin preloads. METHODS: Specimens were loaded in axial compression in the elastic range. Variables compared statistically were: bone substitute axial displacement and @entity6475 measured above implants with strain gauges. Pin preload was correlated with the variables investigated. @entity177 and a fatigue tests supplemented the investigation. RESULTS: The @entity6029 configuration with the highest pin preload showed a significantly lower axial displacement compared with the @entity6029 . No significant differences were observed between all other @entity6029 configurations and the @entity6029 . All @entity6029 systems had a significant decrease in recorded strain compared with the @entity6029 system. Pin axial preload inversely correlated with axial displacement but had no effect on @entity6475 . In the failure test, the @entity6029 encountered @entity85 earlier than the @entity6029 . In the fatigue test, the @entity6029 ran >200,000 cycles. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary in vitro tests showed that the @entity6029 system significantly reduced peri-implant strain while concurrently having comparable axial displacement to the @entity6029 system. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The @entity6029 system has the potential to reduce the risk of pin loosening in @entity1641 .

title: In vitro mechanical evaluation of a novel pin-sleeve system for external fixation of @entity174 in XXXX : a proof of concept study.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['distal limb fractures']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Load to failure']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['axial strain']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['plastic deformation']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['PSC', 'transfixation pin cast', 'pin-sleeve cast', 'TPC']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: Despite the recent advances in treatment of @entity1072 with targeted agents such as @entity6490 , availability of nonchemotherapy based therapies is desired. Given the 58% response rate (1996 NCI-WG criteria) of single agent ofatumumab in @entity1072 refractory to @entity3118 and alemtuzumab, we initiated a phase II trial examining response, safety, and progression-free survival (PFS) of ofatumumab as front-line monotherapy. @entity1 enrolled included untreated, symptomatic @entity1072 @entity1 over the age of 65 or those who were inappropriate/did not desire chemotherapy. Two cohorts were enrolled sequentially examining either 1 g (33 @entity1 ) or 2 g (44 @entity1 ) weekly for 8 weeks followed by maintenance dosing every 2 months for a total of 24 months. @entity1 receiving 1 g were older than those receiving 2 g, but there were no significant differences in other clinical characteristics. The best overall response rates in the 1 and 2 g @entity1 cohorts were 72 and 89% (1996 NCI-WG criteria), respectively (54 and 68%, respectively, using 2008 IWCLL criteria). All but two responses were partial. The 24-month estimated PFS rates were 46 and 78%, respectively. Response and PFS was lower in del(17p) and del(11q) @entity1072 @entity1 . Differences in PFS between dose cohorts were statistically significant and remained so when adjusting for age or high-risk cytogenetics. @entity137 of this treatment was mild with only six @entity1 not completing therapy due to @entity137 . Ofatumumab induction followed by maintenance therapy in untreated @entity1072 represents a well-tolerated and active regimen, particularly with the 2 g of ofatumumab. Am. J. Hematol. 91:1020-1025, 2016.    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: A phase II study of two dose levels of ofatumumab induction followed by maintenance therapy in symptomatic, previously untreated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity6490 :: ('MESH:C551803', 'Chemical') :: ['ibrutinib']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: Spinal anaesthesia is the primary anaesthetic technique for many types of surgery. Adjuncts to the local anaesthetics (LA) used in spinal anaesthesia can exhibit undesirable side-effects, limiting their use, but @entity1760 may have advantages in this respect. We sought randomized control trials (RCTs) in @entity1 undergoing all types of surgery and in @entity1 in labour to compare the effect of intrathecal @entity2400    LA    lipophilic opioid (experimental group) with the use of either intrathecal lipophilic opioids    LA or LA only (control group). The primary outcome was the duration of spinal anaesthesia. Secondary outcomes were: onset and time to maximal sensory blockade, onset of @entity616 , and duration of sensory and motor blockade. We found 15 RCTs comprising 980 @entity1 . The duration of spinal anaesthesia was significantly increased in the experimental group [standardized mean difference (SMD) -1.05 (-1.70, -0.41) (P = 0.001)], compared with the control group. This increased duration of spinal anaesthesia was seen in non-obstetric studies, @entity16070 .38 (-2.11, -0.66) (P = 0.0002), but not in obstetric studies, SMD -0.55 (-1.87, 0.77) (P = 0.41). There was no delay in the onset of sensory or motor blockade. The incidence of @entity551 and @entity111 was similar in both groups. Heterogeneity was high in all outcome measures. The duration of spinal anaesthesia may be increased by the addition of @entity1760 to lipophilic opioids    LA.

title: Effect of intrathecal XXXX in the presence or absence of local anaesthetic with and without lipophilic opioids: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity2400 :: ('CHEBI:32599', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['motor block']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['magnesium']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify clinicopathologic factors associated with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in @entity1619 stage @entity356 in a Western population. METHODS: @entity1 with stage T1 or T2 gastric or gastroesophageal @entity420 who had undergone upfront gastrectomy from 1995 to 2013 were identified in an institutional database. RESULTS: We identified 121 @entity1 with pathologic stage T1 or T2 @entity5 (49 [41%] T1a; 49 [41%] T1b; and 23 [19%] T2) who underwent R0 resection without preoperative treatment. Of these, 53% were white, 9% African American, 17% Hispanic, and 22% Asian. The median follow-up was 5.7 years, and the 5-year @entity1349 rate was 89% (98%, 93%, and 66% for @entity1 with T1a, T1b, and T2 @entity5 , respectively). Univariate analysis revealed a higher risk of @entity204 in @entity1 with T2 @entity5 and those of African American race. On multivariate analysis, T2 stage was the only variable independently associated with @entity1349 (hazard ratio, 2.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-7.12; P   =   0.03). CONCLUSION: In this study of a Western population of @entity1 with T1 or T2 @entity356 , T2 stage was associated with diminished @entity1349 , whereas nodal status and race were not. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:602-606.    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Survival rates in T1 and T2 XXXX : A Western report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']