abstract: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) has been linked to increased cardiovascular risk. The present study examined the relationships between respiratory parameters and @entity1002 in @entity27 . 150 newly diagnosed @entity27 @entity1 without any known @entity65 were included in the study (mean    sd age 49    11 yrs, body mass index 27.1    3.3 kg  m     , respiratory disturbance index 41    18 h     ). Haemodynamic, biological, respiratory, cardiac and arterial parameters were assessed at inclusion. 34 (22.7%) @entity1 had a grade 1 @entity1002 . @entity1 with an abnormal diastole were older (p < 0.001) and 81% of them were @entity101 . The only respiratory parameter independently associated with the peak flow velocity in early diastole/peak flow velocity at atrial contraction ratio was mean nocturnal @entity26 saturation. 17 (13%) @entity1 had @entity4346 . A multivariate analysis showed that clinic systolic blood pressure and mean nocturnal @entity26 saturation were independently associated with @entity4346 . In a logistic regression model, age >=  58 yrs (OR 3.29, 95% CI 1.78-5.64) and mean nocturnal @entity26 saturation < 92% (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.45-4.91) were associated with @entity1002 . Our findings demonstrate that @entity1002 frequently occurs in @entity1 with @entity27 and that it is related to the severity of @entity26 desaturation.

title: @entity1002 is linked to severity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['Obstructive sleep apnoea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular abnormalities', 'left ventricular diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea']


abstract: Deep-hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass with selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) was used in 34 consecutive @entity1 with @entity439 involving the aortic arch or the adjacent part of the aorta. The ages ranged from 25 to 79 years (mean, 56 years). @entity731 were present in 14 @entity1 , dissecting @entity449 in 16, and other lesion types in four. Replacement of the ascending aorta was performed in 10 @entity1 , replacement of the ascending aorta and arch in 12, replacement of the distal arch in two, and other procedures in 10. Perfusion techniques consisted of femoral artery perfusion and SCP to the brachiocephalic trunk and the left common carotid artery. The blood temperature was maintained at 16 degrees-20 degrees C. SCP time ranged from 25 to 214 minutes (mean, 123 minutes). Operative @entity204 occurred in three (9%) @entity1 . @entity16 occurred in one @entity1 ( @entity385 ), but significant respiratory and @entity548 problems were not encountered. For the SCP protocols, we advise that perfusion pressures at bilateral superficial temporal arteries be kept at approximately 50 mm Hg and that venous @entity26 saturation of the superior vena caval line or internal jugular vein be kept at above 90%. With appropriate monitoring, this method can be performed in aortic arch or related surgeries with low morbidity results.

title: Surgery for XXXX with selective cerebral perfusion and hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological sequelae']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerotic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['aortic arch aneurysm']


abstract: Design. Descriptive study of point prevalence through research into primary and secondary sources.Setting. Primary care, Guadalajara Health Region. 133 539 @entity1 over 14 years old. @entity1 . @entity1 previously diagnosed with @entity5 , who had a health card in the health area in June 1999.Measurements. Demographic and diagnostic details (location according to CIE-9, date and diagnostic method). Data sources: primary care clinical records, @entity5 morbidity records and attendance orders. Overall crude and adjusted rates, in function of sex and age group, and specific to locations, were calculated. They were compared with data from other studies and data calculated for Spain on the basis of WHO information.Results. 2717 @entity5 (2595 @entity1 ). Mean age, 68.2 (95% CI, 67.6-68.7); diagnostic age, 62.8 (95% CI, 62.1-63.5), in both cases higher in @entity1 (P<.01). Most common @entity5 : prostate, bladder, colon and lung ( @entity1 ); breast, colon, endometrium and ovaries ( @entity1 ). Crude prevalence: @entity1 , 2303.8/100 000; @entity1 , 1763.8. Adjusted to world population: 1394.2 and 1227.4/100 000, respectively (prevalence ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.03-1.25). Truncated rate higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 (1638/100 000 against 1308). Five-year period with highest prevalence: 75-79 years old in @entity1 (8763.5/100 000) and 80-84 in @entity1 (4558.7/100 000).Conclusions. @entity5 prevalence in adults is slightly above 2%. Once adjusted for age, values are similar to other studies and as expected for our country. The most common @entity5 are in the digestive apparatus, breast and the genito-urinary system. The @entity1 / @entity1 proportion is higher than that described in other studies.

title: [Prevalence of XXXX in the Guadalajara health area].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'woman', 'patients', 'Participants', 'man', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is associated with a reduction in @entity121 . However, there is inadequate empirical evidence to determine whether changes in @entity121 following exercise are associated with improvement in @entity410 ( @entity410 ) in individuals with @entity6 . The objective of this study was to investigate the association between change in @entity121 following a 9-month intervention of @entity411 ( @entity411 ), @entity3013 ( @entity3013 ) or a combination of both (ATRT) and @entity410 ( @entity410 ) in individuals with @entity6 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 196 @entity1 were randomly assigned to a control, @entity411 , @entity3013 , or combined ATRT for a 9-months intervention. The exposure variable was change in @entity121 [(Post: leg muscle strength/leg muscle mass)-[(Pre: leg muscle strength/leg muscle mass)]. Dependent variables were change in @entity410 measures including absolute and relative VO2peak, and treadmill @entity9548 ( @entity9548 ) and estimated @entity209 ( @entity209 ). RESULTS: Continuous change in @entity121 was independently associated with change in absolute (b = 0.015; p = 0.019) and relative (b = 0.200; p = 0.005) VO2peak, and @entity9548 (b = 0.170; p = 0.043), but not with estimated @entity209 (p > 0.05). A significant trend was observed across tertiles of change in @entity121 for changes in absolute (b = 0.050; p = 0.005) and relative (b = 0.624; p = 0.002) VO2peak following 9 months of exercise training. No such association was observed for change in @entity9548 and estimated @entity209 (p > 0.05). DISCUSSION: The results from this ancillary study suggest that change in @entity121 following exercise training is associated with a greater improvement in @entity410 in individuals with @entity6 . Given the effect @entity3013 has on increasing @entity121 , especially as part of a recommended training program (ATRT), individuals with @entity6 should incorporate @entity3013 into their @entity411 regimens to optimize @entity410 improvement. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00458133.

title: Association between Changes in Muscle Quality with Exercise Training and Changes in XXXX in Individuals with @entity6 : Results from the HART-D Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'Type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3013 :: ('MESH:D060467', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'resistance training']

entities_list: @entity9548 :: ('MESH:D006359', 'Disease') :: ['time to exhaustion', 'TTE']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic equivalent task', 'METs']

entities_list: @entity411 :: ('MESH:C538054', 'Disease') :: ['aerobic training', 'AT']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle quality']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Cardiorespiratory Fitness Measures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stress-induced hyperventilation produces symptoms that @entity1 are prone to misinterpret as life-threatening if they are unaware of the consequences of overbreathing. Our aim was to observe the induction of @entity4697 by a hyperventilation challenge test in a series of @entity4697 and @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ) @entity1 (DSM-IV). METHOD: We randomly selected 28 @entity4697 @entity1 , 21 @entity3119 @entity1 and 28 normal volunteers. All @entity1 were drug free for a week. They were induced to hyperventilate (30 breaths/min) for 4 min. @entity148 scales were applied before and after the test. RESULTS: A total of 64.3% (n=18) @entity4697 @entity1 , 9.5% (n=2) @entity3119 @entity1 and 3.6% (n=1) of control subjects had a @entity4697 attack after hyperventilating (chi(2)=3.99, d.f.=2, P=0.026). LIMITATIONS: The hyperventilation challenge test has a low sensitivity for @entity4697 . CONCLUSION: In this challenge test the @entity4697 @entity1 were more sensitive to hyperventilation than @entity3119 @entity1 and normal volunteers. The induction of @entity4697 by @entity10441 may be an easy test for validating the diagnosis in certain @entity4697 @entity1 .

title: XXXX and @entity3119 in a hyperventilation challenge test.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic', 'panic attacks', 'panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['OCD', 'obsessive compulsive disorder']

entities_list: @entity10441 :: ('MESH:D006985', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary hyperventilation']

answer: @entity4697 :: (MESH:D016584,Disease) :: ['Panic disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To present an effective system for the evaluation and surgical management of localized attic @entity3540 , as well as describing the follow-up of @entity1 treated at our institution. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of single-institution experience. METHODS: A total of 71 @entity1 (71 ears) with localized attic @entity3540 received atticotomies. Further surgical management was then carried out according to the extent of the @entity3540 and whether the malleoincudal joint was preserved (type I) or not (type II). There were 27 type I @entity1 and 44 type II @entity1 . In all 71 @entity1 , the lateral wall of epitympanum was rebuilt with tragal cartilage. The healing of the lateral wall of the attic and the tympanic membrane as well as the recovery of hearing level were assessed after the operation. RESULTS: The follow-up periods lasted 3-6 years, with an average of 4.5 years. The healing of the lateral wall of the epitympanum was satisfactory in all 71 @entity1 . According to pure tone audiometry conducted after the operation, the air-bone gap was <10 dB in 43 @entity1 , <20 dB in 23 @entity1 , <30 dB in 4 @entity1 , and >30 dB in only 1 @entity1 . No vertigo or @entity392 was experienced after the operation. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical management of localized attic @entity3540 should be planed according to the extent of the @entity3540 and especially the condition of the malleoincudal joint. In order to prevent a subsequent retraction pocket of the attic, it is important to rebuild the lateral wall of the attic with cartilage after clearing the @entity3540 .

title: Classification and surgical management of localized attic XXXX : single-institution experience and follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

answer: @entity3540 :: (MESH:D002781,Disease) :: ['cholesteatoma']


abstract: Sixteen unselected untreated @entity1 with primary @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) and various combinations of blood @entity1503 were treated with @entity1872 , an attenuated @entity342 reported to be of some value in these conditions. After a 12 week trial ( @entity1872 600 mg/day/p.o.), @entity417 improved in 4/14 @entity1 , with transfusional requirements being reduced by 50% or more in four other cases (response 57%). An enhanced reticulocyte production was documented in 6/13 cases (46%), and @entity882 resolved in 5/8 (62%). Results of the granulocyte count were less satisfactory, with only one partial response obtained among five cases. A normalization of the monocyte count was seen in 3/5 @entity1 with @entity6130 , with one of them achieving a complete haematological and clinical remission lasting 6 months. Circulating blast cells decreased significantly (50% or more) in 4/6 cases. Although clinical symptoms from @entity417 and @entity548 disappeared in responsive cases, four @entity1 developed @entity981 . @entity1872 was well tolerated and produced no acute or chronic @entity137 . The drug appears useful in the management of anaemic and thrombocytopenic @entity2590 @entity1 .

title: Therapeutic efficacy of XXXX in @entity2590 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity6130 :: ('MESH:D015477', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1872 :: ('MESH:D003613', 'Chemical') :: ['Danazol', 'danazol']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity1872 :: (MESH:D003613,Chemical) :: ['danazol']


abstract: @entity170 is a major public health problem in countries with aging populations, resulting in excess morbidity and mortality. @entity170 is defined as a @entity262 characterized by low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue, with the consequent increase in @entity79 and susceptibility to @entity174 . Therefore, the @entity604 that precedes @entity174 is a continuous process that is often mostly irreversible in the aging. The most efficient method of preventing @entity174 is the prevention of @entity604 . The measurement of bone mass and other skeletal characteristics can effectively identify @entity1 at high risk for @entity174 . The measurement of bone mass which can be carried out by osteo-densitometry is now widely available. It is the only clinical data that can provide accurate assessment of individual @entity174 risk. Treatments exist that will preserve bone mass and presumably reduce @entity174 risk; therefore there is a place for screening of @entity1 at high risk of @entity174 . Many studies have shown recently that a reduced bone mass (at least 1 standard deviation below normal) was associated with a more than 100% increased risk of @entity174 . Thus the initial assessment of bone mass can be used to estimate future @entity174 risk and to start prevention measures for high risk @entity1 . Primary prevention can be initiated during the adolescence to optimize peak bone mass. Later in life, secondary prevention can prevent excessive @entity604 and more specific treatments can prevent postmenopausal and age related @entity79 . Strategies of prevention should be promoted and validated as general health care strategies.

title: [Prevention of XXXX and role of densitometry].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic skeletal disease']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone demineralization', 'bone fragility']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: Evidence of several types has accumulated that @entity11421 has a @entity7484 anion as one of the axial ligands to @entity1446 (the fifth ligand). On the other hand, there is as yet no general agreement on the nature of the axial ligand trans to @entity7484 (the sixth ligand), although @entity1568 and @entity26 have been proposed. To resolve the controversy, the ligand exchange reactions of @entity11421 were investigated by the use of optical spectroscopy. Two isozymes of @entity95 liver microsomal @entity11421 were examined: the isozyme induced by @entity109 ( @entity11422 ), which has a sixth ligand and is low spin and the isozyme induced by @entity11423 ( @entity11424 ), which is without a sixth ligand and is high spin. A series of artificial ligands was chosen to model the coordination of each of the potential native ligands, including water and certain @entity535 residues. When the artificial ligand coordinated through an @entity26 atom, the spectrum of pentacoordinate @entity11424 changed to one closely resembling that of native, hexacoordinate @entity11422 . The spectrum of @entity11422 was unchanged in the presence of @entity26 -coordinating ligands. However, when artificial ligands which coordinate through @entity1568 or @entity599 were added to either @entity11422 or @entity11424 , the induced spectra did not resemble the native spectrum and, in fact, were distinctive and characteristic of the particular ligand type. With three of the artificial ligands, @entity10439 , @entity11425 , and @entity11426 , the binding was found to be reversible by dilution, ultrafiltration, or gel filtration. The binding of @entity11427 and @entity11425 was competitive, as expected for @entity1446 ligands, and the number of @entity11425 binding sites per molecule of @entity11422 was estimated as 1.1. These results provide strong evidence that the native sixth ligand in @entity11422 is @entity26 rather than @entity1568 .

title: @entity1446 ligand replacement reactions of XXXX . Characterization of the bonding atom of the axial ligand trans to @entity7484 as @entity26 .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity11425 :: ('MESH:C017062', 'Chemical') :: ['1-benzylimidazole']

entities_list: @entity7484 :: ('CHEBI:50539', 'Chemical') :: ['thiolate']

entities_list: @entity11426 :: ('MESH:C015135', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylphenylphosphine']

answer: @entity11421 :: (100328948(Tax:9986),Gene) :: ['cytochrome P-450']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and prevalence and identify effective recommendations to minimize the incidence and prevalence of @entity86 after anterior cervical surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The reported incidence and prevalence of @entity86 and risk factors associated with its development varies widely in the literature. METHODS: A systematic review of the English-language literature was undertaken for articles published between January 1990 and December 2008. Electronic databases and reference lists of key articles were searched to identify published studies examining the incidence and prevalence of @entity1282 after anterior cervical spine surgery. Two independent reviewers assessed the strength of literature using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria, assessing quality, quantity, and consistency of results. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. RESULTS: A total of 126 articles were initially screened, and 17 ultimately met the predetermined inclusion criteria. The rates of @entity1282 found in the literature varied widely. Rates declined after surgery, but plateau at 1 year at a range of 13% to 21%. Risk factors identified were multilevel surgery and female sex. Specific preventive measures were not identified. CONCLUSION: A better understanding of @entity1282 will require the development of better outcome measures.

title: XXXX in anterior cervical spine surgery.

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['Postoperative dysphagia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We describe the case of a @entity1 who experienced @entity158 that began 42 years after right above-the-knee amputation. Immediately prior to @entity158 onset, this long-term amputee had experienced, in rapid succession, @entity5 , hemicolectomy, chemotherapy, and @entity715 . Very little has been published to date on the association between chemotherapy and exacerbation of @entity9 in amputees, let alone the phenomenon of bringing about @entity158 in amputees who have been @entity158 -free for many decades. While this @entity1 presented with a unique profile following a rare sequence of medical events, his case should be recognized considering the frequent co-occurrence of @entity4034 , chemotherapy, and amputation. CASE PRESENTATION: A 68-year-old Australian Caucasian @entity1 presented 42 years after right above-the-knee amputation with @entity158 immediately following hemicolectomy, @entity715 in the amputated leg, and chemotherapy treatment with @entity4181 and @entity1487 . He exhibited probable @entity1931 with a reduced pinprick threshold and increased stump sensitivity, indicating likely peripheral and central sensitization. CONCLUSION: Our @entity1 , who had long-term @entity128 due to amputation, together with recent ischemic nerve and tissue injury due to @entity715 , exhibited likely chemotherapy-induced @entity16 . While he presented with unique treatment needs, cases such as this one may actually be quite common considering that @entity421 can frequently lead to amputation and be followed by chemotherapy. The increased susceptibility of amputees to developing potentially intractable chemotherapy-induced @entity9 should be taken into consideration throughout the course of chemotherapy treatment. @entity1 in whom chronic @entity158 then develops, perhaps together with mobility issues, inevitably place greater demands on healthcare service providers that require treatment by various clinical specialists, including oncologists, neurologists, prosthetists, and, most frequently, general practitioners.

title: A sleeping phantom leg awakened following hemicolectomy, XXXX , and chemotherapy: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['phantom pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The anti-suicidal benefit of @entity1091 on suicidal behavior in @entity162 is well-established. Data are mixed on the effects of @entity1092 and @entity2049 . METHODS: Retrospective chart review study of 405 veterans with @entity162 followed for a mean of 3 years, with month by month review of clinical progress notes, and systematic assessment of current pharmacotherapy and suicide completion, attempt or hospitalization for suicidality. Comparison of suicide event rates (events/100 @entity1 years) between mood stabilizers and during-vs-after discontinuation of mood stabilizers, with linear regression analysis for influence of potential confounding variables, and robust bootstrap confirmation analysis. RESULTS: No completed suicides occurred during or after discontinuation of monotherapy. Rates of non-lethal suicidal behavior were similar during @entity1091 (2.49), @entity1092 (4.67) and @entity2049 (3.80) monotherapies. There was a sixteen fold greater, highly statistically significant non-lethal suicidal event rate after discontinuation compared with during mood stabilizer monotherapy (55.89 vs. 3.48 events/100 @entity1 years; Chi2=13.95; df=1; p<0.0002). On compared with off treatment differences were similar for the three different agents. LIMITATIONS: Treatments were uncontrolled in this naturalistic setting, and data were analyzed retrospectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1091 and the anticonvulsants may show similar benefits in protecting @entity162 @entity1 from non-lethal suicidal behavior when careful analysis of clinical data is done to confirm medication adherence/non-adherence. Findings in this study were similar to those of a previous study that applied the same methodology in a private practice setting.

title: Bipolar pharmacotherapy and suicidal behavior. Part I: XXXX , @entity1092 and @entity2049 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'bipolar']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['divalproex']

entities_list: @entity1091 :: ('MESH:D008094', 'Chemical') :: ['Lithium', 'lithium']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity1091 :: (MESH:D008094,Chemical) :: ['Lithium']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Understanding risk factors for @entity438 growth is important for @entity1 management. We performed a meta-analysis examining risk factors for @entity438 growth in longitudinal studies and examined the association between @entity439 growth and @entity397 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched the literature for longitudinal studies of @entity1 with @entity439 . We examined the associations of demographics, @entity439 , prior @entity510 , family history of @entity439 or @entity510 , smoking, and @entity101 ; and @entity439 shape, size, and location with @entity439 growth. We studied the association between @entity439 growth and @entity397 . A meta-analysis was performed by using a random-effects model by using summary statistics from included studies. RESULTS: Twenty-one studies including 3954 @entity1 with 4990 @entity439 with 13,294 @entity439 -years of follow-up were included. The overall proportion of growing @entity439 was 3.0% per @entity439 -year (95% CI, 2.0%-4.0%). @entity1 risk factors for growth included age older than 50 years (3.8% per year versus 0.9% per year, P < .01), female sex (3.2% per year versus 1.3% per year, P < .01), and smoking history (5.5% per year versus 3.5% per year, P < .01). Characteristics associated with higher growth rates included cavernous carotid artery location (14.4% per year), nonsaccular shape (14.7% per year versus 5.2% per year for saccular, P < .01), and @entity439 size (P < .01). @entity439 growth was associated with a @entity397 rate of 3.1% per year compared with 0.1% per year for stable @entity439 (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Observational evidence provided multiple clinical and anatomic risk factors for @entity439 growth, including age older than 50 years, female sex, smoking history, and nonsaccular shape. These findings should be considered when counseling @entity1 regarding the natural history of unruptured @entity438 .

title: Risk Factors for Growth of XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysm', 'multiple aneurysms', 'unruptured aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm', 'intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Intracranial Aneurysms']


abstract: PURPOSE: Chemokines have been implicated in the pathological process of @entity46 . We compared the effects of peritoneal fluid obtained from @entity1 with @entity46 ( @entity22253 ) and controls without @entity46 (cPF) on the release of monocyte-specific CC chemokines such as @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ), regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted ( @entity5737 ), and @entity10557 ( @entity10557 ) by neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells. Moreover, we evaluated the correlation between the levels of chemokines in @entity22253 and their release by these cells. METHODS: Cells were obtained from healthy young volunteers and cultured with @entity22253 (n = 12) or cPF (n = 8). The chemokine levels in the @entity22253 and the supernatants of cultured cells with @entity22253 were then measured by ELISA. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between the levels of @entity2842 and @entity10557 in @entity22253 . The addition of @entity22253 to the cell cultures failed to increase the release of @entity2842 , @entity5737 , and @entity10557 when compared to cPF, but the levels of @entity5737 in @entity22253 were positively correlated with the release of @entity5737 by @entity22253 -treated monocytes and T cells. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between the levels of @entity5737 and @entity10557 released by neutrophils and between the levels of @entity2842 and @entity10557 released by T cells. Finally, the levels of @entity5737 released by monocyte-derived macrophages and monocytes cultured with @entity22253 were positively correlated. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that monocytes, neutrophils, and T cells release differential levels of @entity2842 , @entity5737 , and @entity10557 in response to stimulation with @entity22253 .

title: Effects of peritoneal fluid from XXXX @entity1 on the release of monocyte-specific chemokines by leukocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemotactic protein-1', 'MCP-1']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity10557 :: ('6348', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage inflammatory protein-1a', 'MIP-1a']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors present long-term results from a phase 2 study that assessed the efficacy of transrectal ultrasound @entity221 plus radiation with or without @entity342 suppression for the treatment of locally advanced @entity263 . METHODS: @entity1 with clinical T2b-T3bN0M0 disease (according to 1992 American Joint Committee on @entity5 [AJCC] criteria) received radiation plus 2 transrectal ultrasound @entity221 treatments. After the first 4 @entity1 , 6 months of @entity342 suppression were allowed. The study was designed to assess absolute improvement in the 2-year disease-free survival rate compared with the short-term @entity342 suppression arm in Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) study 92-02. RESULTS: Thirty-seven @entity1 received a total of 72 @entity221 treatments. The mean cumulative equivalent minutes (CEM) @entity22475 was 8.4 minutes. According to the 1992 AJCC classification, there were 19 @entity1 with T2b @entity5 , 8 @entity1 with @entity5 , 5 @entity1 with @entity5 , and 5 @entity1 with T3b @entity5 . The median Gleason score was 7 (range, 6-9), and the median @entity1486 level was 13.3 ng/mL (range, 2-65 ng/mL). Thirty-three @entity1 received @entity342 suppression. At a median follow-up of 70 months (range, 18-110 months), the 7-year overall survival rate was 94%, and 61% of @entity1 remained failure free (according to the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology definition for failure free survival). The absolute rate of disease-free survival at 2 years, which was the primary study endpoint, improved significantly (84%) compared with a rate of 64% for similar @entity1 on the 4-month @entity342 suppression arm of RTOG 92-02. When Phoenix criteria ( @entity1486 nadir + 2 ng/mL) were used to define biochemical failure, 89% of @entity1 were failure free at 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: @entity221 combined with radiation for the treatment of locally advanced @entity263 appeared to be promising. The current results indicated that further study of @entity221 for the treatment of @entity263 with optimal radiation and systemic therapy is warranted.

title: @entity221 combined with radiation for the treatment of locally advanced XXXX : long-term results from Dana-Farber @entity5 Institute study 94-153.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['T3a tumors', 'T2c tumors', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'Hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The predominant strain during the 2013-2014 @entity683 season was 2009 pandemic @entity778 (A[H1N1]pdm09). This vaccine-component has remained unchanged from 2009. METHODS: The US Flu Vaccine Effectiveness Network enrolled subjects aged >= 6 months with medically attended acute @entity1576 (MAARI), including cough, with illness onset  <=7 days before enrollment. Influenza was confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We determined the effectiveness of trivalent or quadrivalent inactivated @entity683 vaccine (IIV) among subjects ages >= 6 months and the effectiveness of quadrivalent live attenuated @entity683 vaccine (LAIV4) among @entity1 aged 2-17 years, using a test-negative design. The effect of prior receipt of any A(H1N1)pdm09-containing vaccine since 2009 on the effectiveness of current-season vaccine was assessed. RESULTS: We enrolled 5999 subjects; 5637 (94%) were analyzed; 18% had RT-PCR-confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09-related MAARI. Overall, the effectiveness of vaccine against A(H1N1)pdm09-related MAARI was 54% (95% confidence interval [CI], 46%-61%). Among fully vaccinated @entity1 aged 2-17 years, the effectiveness of LAIV4 was 17% (95% CI, -39% to 51%) and the effectiveness of IIV was 60% (95% CI, 36%-74%). Subjects aged >= 9 years showed significant residual protection of any prior A(H1N1)pdm09-containing vaccine dose(s) received since 2009, as did @entity1 <9 years old considered fully vaccinated by prior season. CONCLUSIONS: During 2013-2014, IIV was significantly effective against A(H1N1)pdm09. Lack of LAIV4 effectiveness in @entity1 highlights the importance of continued annual monitoring of effectiveness of @entity683 vaccines in the United States.

title: Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against 2009 Pandemic XXXX Differed by Vaccine Type During 2013-2014 in the United States.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A(H1N1) virus']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory illness']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['Influenza A(H1N1) Virus']


abstract: In several studies, @entity1 with CKD seemed to be at greater risk for dying from @entity65 ( @entity65 ) than reaching @entity454 . The purpose of this study was to compare incident @entity454 rates with rates of total mortality, @entity65 , and a @entity65 composite ( @entity65 mortality and @entity65 hospitalization) among @entity1 who had @entity101 @entity9161 and were enrolled in the African American Study of @entity8 and @entity101 (AASK). The study period included the AASK trial phase (1996 through 2001) and a subsequent cohort phase (2002 through 2007). The AASK enrolled 1094 @entity1 . Of the 764 @entity1 who completed the trial phase without an event, 691 (90%) enrolled in the cohort phase. During 11 years of follow-up, there were 59 @entity65 -related @entity204 and 118 non- @entity65 -related @entity204 . The rate of @entity454 (3.9/100 @entity1 -years) was significantly higher than the rates of total mortality (2.2/100 @entity1 -years), @entity65 mortality (0.8/100 @entity1 -years), and the @entity65 composite (3.2/100 @entity1 -years). The incidence rate ratio of @entity454 to @entity65 mortality was 5.0. The rate of @entity454 consistently exceeded the various mortality rates across most of the subgroups defined by age, gender, income, education, previous @entity65 , baseline urine protein excretion, and baseline estimated GFR. In conclusion, AASK @entity1 were more likely to reach @entity454 than to die.

title: Rate of XXXX exceeds mortality among African Americans with @entity101 @entity9161 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney Disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity9161 :: ('MESH:D009400', 'Disease') :: ['nephrosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD death', 'CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['ESRD']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinicopathologic features, diagnosis and treatment of @entity1125 (IPN-B). METHODS: The clinical, histopathological, treatment and prognosis data of 23 @entity1 with IPN-B treated from January 1998 to December 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: There were 13 male and 10 female, aged from 30 to 80 years [mean age was (61 +/- 12) years]. The clinical manifestation included 10 cases with asymptomatic, 7 cases with @entity490 , 4 cases with @entity1087 , 1 case with emaciation, and 1 case with acute @entity255 , respectively. Nine @entity1 were also associated with hepatolithiasis. The average diameter of the @entity5 was (6 +/- 4) cm, 4 lesions were located in the right lobe, 15 in the left lobe, and 4 in the extrahepatic bile duct. Histopathologically, there were 4 @entity652 , 1 borderline @entity5 , 6 @entity189 in situ, and 12 @entity189 . All @entity1 received operation;the mean duration of follow-up was (33 +/- 28) months. Overall 3-year and 5-year survival rates of IPN-B were 85.3% and 68.2% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: IPN-B represents a distinct clinicopathologic entity. Favorable prognosis for IPN-B is offered by curative resection.

title: [A clinicopathologic study of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['biliary intraductal papillary neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity1125 :: (MESH:D001661,Disease) :: ['biliary intraductal papillary neoplasm']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Activation of @entity6438 -9 has been linked to the pathogenesis of @entity792 such as @entity309 , @entity1252 , and @entity1569 . Thus, therapeutic applications of antagonists of these TLRs for such disorders are being investigated. @entity1749 (Velcade) is a proteasome inhibitor known to suppress activation of these TLRs. To identify novel @entity6438 -9 inhibitors, we searched the Gene Expression Omnibus database for gene expression profiles of @entity1749 -treated cells. These profiles were then used to screen the Connectivity Map database for chemical compounds with similar functions as @entity1749 . A natural antibiotic, @entity6547 , was identified for study. Similar to @entity1749 , @entity6547 effectively inhibits @entity6438 -9 activation in cell-based assays and in dendritic cells. In contrast to @entity1749 , @entity6547 does not inhibit NF-kB activation induced by @entity310 , IL-1, and other TLRs, and it is less cytotoxic to dendritic cells. @entity6547 inhibits @entity6801 localization in endosomes for activation via two mechanisms, which distinguish it from currently used @entity6438 -9 inhibitors. One mechanism is similar to the proteasome inhibitory function of @entity1749 , whereas the other is through inhibition of endosomal acidification. Accordingly, in different animal models, @entity6547 attenuated @entity14695 - and imiquimod-induced @entity1569 -like @entity32 . These results indicated that @entity6547 is a novel @entity6438 -9 inhibitor, and compared with @entity1749 , its inhibitory effect is more specific to these TLRs, suggesting the potential therapeutic applications of @entity6547 on @entity1200 elicited by inappropriate activation of @entity6438 -9.

title: Identification of XXXX as a Novel Inhibitor for Psoriasis-like @entity32 Induced by @entity6438 -9.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib', 'Bortezomib']

entities_list: @entity6547 :: ('MESH:D013883', 'Chemical') :: ['thiostrepton', 'Thiostrepton']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity6547 :: (MESH:D013883,Chemical) :: ['Thiostrepton']


abstract: @entity328 is one of the major invasive pathogens in childhood. The increasing worldwide prevalence of @entity114 -resistant strains makes management of invasive infections difficult and underscores the need for effective vaccines. Currently available vaccines are of limited value in the pediatric age group. Trials are taking place to evaluate conjugated pneumococcal vaccines and in view of this it is important to establish local epidemiology of @entity66 . The aims of this population-based study were to review all of the cases of invasive @entity66 occurring during a 9-year period (1984 to 1992) in Auckland, New Zealand. Through the use of laboratory records and hospital discharge codes, 413 isolates from 407 @entity1 were found. Age-specific incidence for all invasive disease was 22.0/100,000 for @entity1 less than 15 years old but 56.0/100,000 for @entity1 less than 5 years old (chi 2 Yates corrected 18.20; P = 0.001). Two-thirds were less than 2 years old. The rates were higher in Maori and Pacific Island @entity1 than in Caucasian @entity1 . A total of 70 isolates from 68 @entity1 with @entity693 occurred. The majority were less than 5 years old (incidence of @entity693 was 10.0/100,000) and 84% were less than 2 years old. The overall mortality from @entity693 was 4.3%. Of the 129 isolates serogrouped or serotyped, 14, 6 and 19 accounted for 23%, 16% and 16%, respectively, of cases. Although 98% of serotypes identified would be covered by the currently available 23-valent vaccine, two-thirds of the @entity1 affected by these isolates would be unprotected because of poor immunogenicity of polysaccharide vaccines in @entity1 less than 2 years old.

title: Invasive XXXX in a pediatric population, Auckland, New Zealand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['pneumococcal disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We describe a surgical technique for ptosis correction in moderate to good levator function involving advancement of the levator aponeurosis via a transconjunctival posterior approach without resection of M  ller's muscle. We present our experience of and the results from this method, and review the evolution of posterior approach ptosis surgery. PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and predictability of posterior approach white line @entity1442 repair. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of all @entity1 with primary @entity1736 undergoing posterior-approach repair using white line advancement between December 2007 and June 2008. We describe a technique whereby after dissection of the Muller's conjunctiva composite flap, the levator aponeurosis is advanced with double-armed sutures through the white line, then through the tarsus and out through the skin. RESULTS: There were 112 ptosis procedures during this period, of which 71 eyelids of 41 @entity1 were eligible for inclusion. There were 14 @entity1 and 27 @entity1 . The mean age was 63.76 (range 24-87) years. Minimum follow up was 3 months (range 12-43 weeks). Of the 71 procedures, 42 were combined with a blepharoplasty. Sixty-two achieved their desired lid height, contour and symmetry (87.3% success rate). No @entity1 were overcorrected. Success rate in the @entity2647 -positive group (42/71) was 88.1% compared with 100% in @entity2647 -negative group (4/71). CONCLUSIONS: We present a modified approach to ptosis correction via a posterior approach. It has a high success rate and good cosmetic outcome. It is technically straightforward and easy to learn.

title: Posterior approach white line XXXX repair: the evolving posterior approach to ptosis surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['aponeurotic ptosis']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advancement ptosis']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

answer: @entity1442 :: (MESH:D020178,Disease) :: ['advancement ptosis']


abstract: In this study, we compared the binding of @entity2135 and @entity2620 to liver microsomes of normal and hypophysectomized (Hypox) @entity35 . The binding of [125I]- @entity2620 , measured by centrifugation of membrane-bound ligand, was lower in hypox than in normal @entity35 (15 +/- 2 vs 26 +/- 1%, p less than 0.001) but binding was increased (46 +/- 1.5 vs 31 +/- 1%, p less than 0.001) when bound and free hormones were separated using @entity968 ( @entity970 ) precipitation. This was due to the presence of soluble binding activity which dissociated from membranes to compete for IGF binding. When soluble binding activity was first removed from microsomal membranes by a washing procedure no difference was found in [125I]- @entity2620 binding to microsomes of Hypox and normal animals (33 +/- 1 s 32 +/- 1%). However, in the microsomal washing supernatant from Hypox (containing soluble binding activity) @entity2620 binding was much higher than in that from normals (17 +/- 2 vs 6 +/- 0.5%, p less than 0.001). The binding of [125I]- @entity2135 was lower than that of [125I]- @entity2620 but was comparably changed. By contrast, [125I]-insulin binding was similar in Hypox and normal @entity35 and was not influenced by @entity970 precipitation or prewashing of the membranes. Inhibition dose-response curves showed a paradoxical increase in [125I]- @entity2620 binding to unwashed microsomes of Hypox @entity35 in the range of 0.5-5 ng/ml cold @entity2620 . In normal animals [125I]- @entity2620 binding to microscomes was progressively inhibited by @entity2620 in a range of 0.5-500 ng/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding in hypophysectomized XXXX liver microsomes: alteration by a soluble binding moiety.

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethyleneglycol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: MicroRNA 125a-5p ( @entity6557 -5p) has been reported to be a @entity5 suppressor in malignancies of the breast, ovary, lung, and central nervous system. However, the clinical significance of @entity6557 -5p in @entity1 @entity1820 has not been explored. We investigated a @entity5 inhibitory effect of @entity6557 -5p in @entity356 , focusing in particular on the @entity6557 - @entity1722 ( @entity1722 , @entity1722 /neu) pathway. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Quantitative RT-PCR was used to evaluate @entity6557 -5p expression in 87 @entity356 cases to determine the clinicopathologic significance of @entity6557 -5p expression. The regulation of @entity1722 by @entity6557 -5p was examined with precursor @entity6557 -transfected cells. Furthermore, we investigated whether @entity6557 -5p suppresses proliferation of @entity356 cells in combination with trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody against @entity1722 . RESULTS: Low expression levels of @entity6557 -5p were associated with enhanced malignant potential such as @entity5 size (P = 0.0068), @entity5 invasion (P = 0.031), liver @entity3 (P = 0.029), and poor prognosis (P = 0.0069). Multivariate analysis indicated that low @entity6557 -5p expression was an independent prognostic factor for survival. In vitro assays showed that @entity1722 is a direct target of @entity6557 -5p, which potently suppressed the proliferation of @entity356 cells, and, interestingly, the growth inhibitory effect was enhanced in combination with trastuzumab. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6557 -5p is a meaningful prognostic marker. Furthermore, @entity6557 -5p mimic alone or in combination with trastuzumab could be a novel therapeutic approach against @entity356 .

title: MicroRNA-125a-5p is an independent prognostic factor in @entity356 and inhibits the proliferation of @entity1 XXXX cells in combination with trastuzumab.

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1318 ( @entity1318 ) is a @entity395 in @entity1 characterized by inappropriate contraction of the cricopharyngeus muscle, resulting in the inability to relax the upper esophageal sphincter during deglutition. We report the diagnostic process and management of a relatively older @entity1 who underwent cricopharyngeal myotomy at the age of 4.5 years. METHODS: A retrospective review of the case and clinical follow-up was performed. RESULTS: This young @entity1 had a long history of @entity1282 , @entity1224 , nasal reflux and recurrent @entity55 and @entity17382 since birth and was diagnosed with @entity1318 at 22 months of age. She underwent balloon dilation of the cricopharyngeus muscle shortly thereafter with only transient relief of her symptoms of feeding difficulty ( @entity1224 and @entity1173 ). The parents were reluctant for her to undergo further interventions until 2 years later when they consented to cricopharyngeal myotomy. She underwent transcervical myotomy at age 4.5 years and had complete relief of her symptoms. She had no post-operative complications and has done well for nearly 12 months following myotomy. DISCUSSION: Our @entity1 is one of the oldest @entity1 reported to have undergone myotomy, recovered quickly, and had no difficulty swallowing at any time following surgery. We suggest transcervical cricopharyngeal myotomy as the preferred treatment due to its lasting effects and repeated success in relieving @entity1282 in young @entity1 with @entity1318 .

title: XXXX in a 4.5-year-old managed by cervical myotomy: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['CCA', 'Congenital cricopharyngeal achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['Congenital cricopharyngeal achalasia']


abstract: We report identification of a novel genetic locus ( @entity15961 ) for @entity9032 ( @entity9032 ) on chromosome 12q14 using linkage studies of an African-American pedigree (maximum non-parametric linkage score = 19.7, max LOD score = 2.7). Subsequent comparative genomic hybridization and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) experiments identified a 780 kbp duplication within the @entity15961 locus that is co-inherited with @entity9032 in the pedigree. Real-time PCR studies showed that the genes within this duplication [ @entity15962 ( @entity15962 ), @entity15963 , @entity15964 and @entity15965 are all expressed in the @entity1 retina. Cohorts of 478 @entity726 @entity1 (including 152 @entity9032 @entity1 ), 100 normal control subjects and 400 age-related @entity1020 @entity1 were subsequently tested for copy number variation in @entity15961 . Overlapping duplications were detected in 2 (1.3%) of the 152 @entity9032 subjects, one of which had a strong family history of @entity726 . These duplications defined a 300 kbp critical region of @entity15961 that spans two genes ( @entity15962 and @entity15963 ). Microarray expression experiments and northern blot analysis using RNA obtained from @entity1 skin fibroblast cells showed that duplication of chromosome 12q14 results in increased @entity15962 and GNS transcription. Finally, immunohistochemistry studies showed that @entity15962 is expressed in the ganglion cells, nerve fiber layer and microvasculature of the @entity1 retina. Together, these data link the duplication of genes on chromosome 12q14 with familial @entity9032 and suggest that an extra copy of the encompassed @entity15962 gene is likely responsible for these cases of @entity726 . However, animal studies will be necessary to rule out a role for the other duplicated or neighboring genes.

title: Copy number variations on chromosome 12q14 in XXXX with @entity9032 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity9032 :: ('MESH:D057066', 'Disease') :: ['normal tension glaucoma', 'NTG']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Lack of mechanical stress may result in @entity170 ; however, the underlying mechanisms of @entity2537 remain unclear. It has been indicated that mechanical loading causes extracellular @entity2227 accumulation in osteoblasts. We hypothesized that the @entity2227 receptor mediation on bone cells might also be involved in mechanically stimulated osteogenesis. In this study, we investigated the changes of bone formation and the expressions of osteogenic genes and @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors, the major @entity2227 receptors, in disused bones. @entity35 modeled disuse @entity2331 in hind limbs was induced by a 3-week tail suspension in @entity35 . Bone mineral density and trabecular bone volume of distal femurs were measured to verify the @entity2331 of disused bones. The mRNA expressions of @entity6037 / @entity6037 , type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and @entity9356 (OC) in bones were measured as osteogenic markers. The influences of mechanical unloading on the expressions of @entity143 receptors ( @entity4474 and @entity4475 ) in bones were also examined. The effects of @entity143 mediation on osteogenesis were tested by a treatment of @entity3390 , a non-competitive @entity143 receptor antagonist, in cultured osteoblasts and bone @entity236 cells. Our result showed that mRNA expressions of @entity6037 / @entity6037 , type I collagen, ALP and OC were significantly decreased in disused bones. The mRNA and protein expressions of @entity4474 and @entity4475 were significantly decreased in disused bones; furthermore, immunolocalization of both receptors showed @entity393 , but not in osteoclasts. The results from the in vitro study showed that @entity3390 inhibited mRNA expression of @entity6037 / @entity6037 in bone @entity236 cells and also inhibited those of collagen type I, ALP and OC of osteoblasts in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that @entity143 receptor mediation may play an important role in transmitting mechanical loading in bones, and decreases of the expressions of @entity143 receptors in disused bones, especially in osteoblasts, may contribute to the decrease of osteogenesis.

title: Down-regulation of @entity1024 receptor in XXXX -modeled disuse @entity2331 .

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2537 :: ('MESH:D020966', 'Disease') :: ['disuse osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow stroma']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreases in osteoblasts']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The effect of @entity632 and @entity786 in the treatment of diffuse, @entity3620 was evaluated in a randomized study. All @entity1 were treated on an outpatient basis and none had previously received antineoplastic treatment. All @entity1 had a measurable lesion other than @entity1143 . The treatment consisted of @entity632 at a dose of 60 mg/m2 every 3 weeks, to a total dose of 550 mg/m2, or @entity786 at a dose of 1500 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for 1 year. At disease progression the treatment was changed to the alternate drug. The dose was increased or decreased according to hematologic effects. Thirty of 32 @entity1 were evaluable for response. Remissions were not achieved in any @entity1 . During treatment with @entity632 , none of the @entity1 developed @entity1370 , while one @entity1 developed @entity2335 during treatment with @entity786 . @entity295 or @entity548 was not observed in either of the treatment arms. Thus, the trial showed no antineoplastic activity of either @entity632 or @entity786 in the treatment of @entity3620 .

title: Randomized trial of @entity632 versus @entity786 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic cystitis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The etiology and biology of @entity43 is largely unknown. Recent results have indicated prognostic significance of growth factors in this malignancy. @entity2533 is a widely distributed growth factor with multifactorial effects in in vitro systems. Studies on the in vivo expression pattern of @entity2533 and its receptors might help us to understand its biologic significance in this malignancy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Tissue samples of normal ovary and benign as well as @entity43 were examined for expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1, -beta 2, and -beta 3, the latent @entity2533 -binding protein (LTBP), @entity2533 type I (T beta R-II) receptors and @entity6459 by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Furthermore, the results of the immunohistochemical analysis were compared with @entity1 survival. RESULTS: Expression of all ligands was significantly increased in @entity5 cells compared with the normal epithelial cells. In contrast, LTBP immunoreactivity was detected significantly more often in normal epithelium than in @entity5 cells. T beta R-I and T beta R-II as well as @entity6459 were found in @entity5 tissues and normal ovary without any difference among the groups. In the blood vessels of @entity5 , significantly increased @entity2533 reactivity and decreased @entity6474 reactivity were found when they were compared with those of normal ovaries and @entity5 . @entity1 with @entity5 expressing @entity2533 , T beta R-I, or @entity6459 in blood vessels demonstrated longer survival than those having negatively stained @entity5 . In contrast, positive @entity6459 staining in @entity5 cells correlated with decreased survival even in advanced disease or in @entity1 having @entity41 bulk after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The differential expression of @entity2533 ligand and the significant correlations between expression of ligands or receptors and @entity1 survival indicate involvement of the @entity2533 system in @entity43 development.

title: Expression and prognostic significance of @entity2533 isotypes, latent @entity2533 1 binding protein, XXXX type I and type II receptors, and @entity6459 in normal @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['malignant ovarian neoplasms', 'ovarian tumor', 'ovarian carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['TGF-beta']


abstract: @entity19 @entity2803 ( @entity20589 ) functions expressed at the beginning of the early phase of the viral replication cycle interfere with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted pathway of antigen presentation (M. J. Reddehase, M. R. Fibi, G. M. Keil, and U. H. Koszinowski, J. Virol. 60:1125-1129, 1986; M. Del Val, K. M  nch, M. J. Reddehase, and U. H. Koszinowski, Cell 58:305-315, 1989). Nascent MHC class I heavy chains associate with @entity2262 and peptide, but the assembled trimolecular complex is retained in the endoplasmatic reticulum/cis-Golgi compartment (M. Del Val, H. Hengel, H. H  cker, U. Hartlaub, T. Ruppert, P. Lucin, and U. H. Koszinowski, J. Exp. Med. 176:729-738, 1992). To locate the responsible genomic region, the cytoplasmic retention of MHC class I molecules after injection of @entity20589 DNA was tested. The function was mapped to the HindIII E fragment. A recombinant @entity20589 deletion mutant delta MS94.5 lacking 15.8 kb in HindIII-E was constructed. Restoration of MHC class I molecule maturation and recognition of antigenic peptides by cytolytic T lymphocytes during the first hours of the early phase in mutant virus-infected cells proved the correct location to a 6.8-kb region in the HindIII E fragment. At later stages of the early phase, membrane-resident MHC class I molecules and cytolytic T lymphocyte recognition disappeared in delta MS94.5 mutant virus-infected cells. These results demonstrate that more than one early-gene function of @entity20589 affects the MHC class I pathway of antigen presentation. The redundant MHC class I-reactive functions target the transport of MHC class I molecules at different steps.

title: Identification of the XXXX @entity2803 genomic region affecting major histocompatibility complex class I molecule transport.

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-microglobulin']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Apathy is an increasingly recognized concomitant of a broad range of @entity6220 . Nevertheless, its nosology, pathogenesis and therapy remain shrouded in @entity911 and controversy. As yet, there is little consensus regarding methods for detecting apathy, or distinguishing it from @entity308 , or for assessing its severity. Many now regard the @entity751 as primarily reflecting a lack of motivation that compromises emotional, cognitive, and overt behavioral function. Even though under-recognized and under-diagnosed, apathy hardly appears uncommon: current epidemiologic studies suggest over 10  million Americans may be affected. Its reported frequency in various neurologic and @entity146 conditions varies widely, from less than 10 to over 80%, reflecting differences in population characteristics and assessment procedures. Often apathy has been associated with @entity179 as @entity195 , @entity191 , and fronto-temporal @entity303 . But it also occurs in those with @entity146 such as @entity161 and @entity308 . Clinical, neuropathologic, and neuroimaging observations increasingly suggest that apathy reflects dysfunction of @entity75 , especially those linking the ventromedial prefrontal cortex to related regions in the basal ganglia. Therapeutically, numerous small studies suggest that psychostimulants, dopaminergics, and cholinesterase inhibitors may benefit those manifesting this syndrome. However, no adequately powered, randomized controlled trials have reported success and no medication have ever been approved for this disorder. The accelerating pace of current research nevertheless promises to improve our understanding of apathy and to better address the unmet medical needs of those suffering its consequences.

title: Apathy in XXXX : diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment.

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'major depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['frontal-subcortical circuits']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['apathy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['such neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['neuropsychiatric disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Clubroot is a devastating disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae and results in severe losses of yield and quality in Brassica crops. Many clubroot resistance genes and markers are available in Brassica rapa but less is known in @entity5598 . Here, we applied the @entity5599 ( @entity5599 ) technique to construct a high-resolution genetic map and identify clubroot resistance (CR) genes. A total of 43,821 SNPs were identified using @entity5599 data for two parental lines, one resistant and one susceptible lines to clubroot, and 18,187 of them showed >5* coverage in the @entity5599 data. Among those, 4,103 were credibly genotyped for all 78 F2 individual plants. These markers were clustered into nine linkage groups spanning 879.9 cM with an average interval of 1.15 cM. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) survey based on three rounds of clubroot resistance tests using F2 : 3 progenies revealed two and single major QTLs for Race 2 and Race 9 of P. brassicae, respectively. The QTLs show similar locations to the previously reported CR loci for Race 4 in @entity5598 but are in different positions from any of the CR loci found in B. rapa. We utilized two reference genome sequences in this study. The high-resolution genetic map developed herein allowed us to reposition 37 and 2 misanchored scaffolds in the 02-12 and TO1000DH genome sequences, respectively. Our data also support additional positioning of two unanchored 3.3 Mb scaffolds into the 02-12 genome sequence.

title: Genotyping-by-sequencing map permits identification of clubroot resistance QTLs and revision of the reference genome assembly in cabbage ( XXXX .).

entities_list: @entity5599 :: ('MESH:D010855', 'Disease') :: ['genotyping-by-sequencing', 'GBS']

entities_list: @entity5598 :: ('3712', 'Species') :: ['B. oleracea', 'Brassica oleracea']

answer: @entity5598 :: (3712,Species) :: ['Brassica oleracea L']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the risk of @entity378 among community health agents involved in disease control. METHODS: A prospective cohort was followed up from April 2007 to May 2008 in the municipality of Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Southeastern Brazil. The cohort was composed of 61 community agents, divided between unexposed individuals (n = 37) and exposed individuals (who were following up @entity378 @entity1 ; n = 24). Over the 12-month follow-up, the tuberculin test was performed, using the tuberculin PPD RT23. The relative risk and 95% confidence interval were calculated, and the correlation between tuberculin response and the agents' occupational history was evaluated by means of Pearson's correlation. RESULTS: The incidence of the response was 41.7% in the exposed group and 13.5% in the unexposed group. The annual risk of @entity281 was 52.8% in the exposed group and 14.4% in the unexposed group (p = 0.013). An association between tuberculin response and exposure to @entity1 with @entity378 was observed (RR = 3.08; 95% CI: 1.201;7.914). CONCLUSIONS: The agents who followed up @entity378 @entity1 during their routine work presented a greater risk of @entity281 than did those who were not following up such @entity1 . Implementation of routine administrative biosafety measures, among which the tuberculin test, should be prioritized, given the high risk of acquiring @entity281 among community health agents.

title: Risk of XXXX among community health agents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis infection', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis infection']


abstract: The @entity1 @entity6472 gene directs the expression of an antigen recognized on a @entity320 by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes. @entity6472 belongs to a family of genes that are expressed in a number of @entity5 of various histological types but not in normal tissues except testis. The MAGE genes are arranged in two groups that are located within two different regions of the @entity1 X chromosome (Xq26-qter and Xp21.3). By hybridizing @entity19 genomic libraries with a @entity6472 probe, we identified three homologous genes. Two of these @entity19 genes, @entity18744 and @entity18745 , are more than 99% identical to each other and encode the same protein of 330 aa. The 5' noncoding region of @entity18745 provides the potential for regulating the expression of the gene through several different promoters located in front of alternative first exons. The third gene, @entity18746 , has the structure of a processed transcript. It codes for a protein with only 11 aa substitutions with respect to the @entity18747 product. Somatic cell hybrids and interspecific backcross analysis showed that @entity18746 is autosomal and that @entity18744 and @entity18745 are located between the Dmd and the Ar loci on the @entity19 X chromosome. Since this region is syntenic to the @entity1 Xp21.1-p22.1 region, we conclude that @entity18744 and @entity18745 are homologous to the @entity18748 rather than to the MAGE-Xq genes. @entity18747 transcripts were detected in several @entity5 and embryonal cell lines but not in normal @entity19 tissues with the exception of testis. Expression of @entity18746 was found in embryos from Day 11 to Day 15.

title: Structure, chromosomal location, and expression pattern of three @entity19 genes homologous to the XXXX MAGE genes.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There are few studies on fractional exhaled @entity842 (FeNO) and @entity1576 among adults in tropical areas. The aim was to study associations between FeNO and selected personal factors, @entity1576 , @entity566 , office characteristics and indoor office exposures among office workers (n   =   460) from a university in Malaysia. METHODS: Information on health was collected by a questionnaire, skin prick test and FeNO measurement. Temperature, relative air humidity, @entity1223 and @entity544 were measured in the offices. Settled dust was vacuumed in the offices and analyzed for endotoxin, (1,3)-b-glucan and house dust mites allergens, namely @entity7130 (Der p 1) and @entity8786 (Der f 1). Two-level linear mixed models and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the associations. RESULTS: One-fourth (25.9%) of the office workers had elevated FeNO level (>= 25   ppb) and 61.5% had HDM, cat, seafood or pollen @entity566 . Male gender (p   <   0.001), current smoking (p   =   0.037), height (p   <   0.001) and @entity402 (p   <   0.001) were associated with FeNO. The amount of vacuumed dust was associated with FeNO among @entity1097 subjects (p   =   0.009). @entity565 and @entity2490 symptoms were associated with FeNO (p   <   0.05), especially among @entity1097 subjects. In particular, a combination of @entity402 and elevated FeNO were associated with doctor-diagnosed @entity565 (p   <   0.001), @entity2490 (p   <   0.001) and airway symptoms last 12 months (p   <   0.001). CONCLUSION: Gender, smoking, height and @entity402 are important risk factors for elevated FeNO levels. A combination of @entity566 testing and FeNO measurement could be useful in respiratory illness epidemiology studies and @entity1 investigations in tropical areas.

title: Fractional exhaled @entity842 (FeNO) among office workers in an academic institution, Malaysia - associations with @entity565 , XXXX and office environment.

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity7130 :: ('6956', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity8786 :: ('6954', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides farinae']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergies']


abstract: The osmolality of contrast injected retrograde into the @entity35 pancreatic duct did not affect the severity of the @entity788 (Urografin, 1,300 mOsm/kg, and Hexabrix, 580 mOsm/kg). The severity of the @entity788 induced in @entity35 was assessed by survival rate, histologic grading, wet lung ratio, and serum levels of amylase, @entity9112 , and trypsin-like activity. @entity35 with @entity788 induced by retrograde injected @entity3989 , lipopolysaccharide, @entity7362 plus enterokinase were treated with either intravenous (i.v.) @entity12093 ( @entity12093 ), @entity12093 administered by retrograde pancreatic injection, i.v. @entity4183 , i.v. @entity3400 , @entity3400 by retrograde pancreatic duct injection, or a combination of @entity12093 plus @entity4183 and @entity3400 . Survival among the @entity35 was increased and the incidence of @entity788 reduced in @entity35 treated with i.v. @entity3400 or with a combination of @entity12093 plus i.v. @entity4183 , plus i.v. @entity3400 compared to controls.

title: Therapeutic regimens in acute experimental @entity788 in XXXX : effects of a protease inhibitor, a beta-agonist, and antibiotics.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic infection']

entities_list: @entity7362 :: ('MESH:D013656', 'Chemical') :: ['taurocholic acid']

entities_list: @entity12093 :: ('MESH:C032855', 'Chemical') :: ['Nafamstat Mesilate', 'FUT-175']

entities_list: @entity3989 :: ('MESH:D003974', 'Chemical') :: ['Urografin']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin sodium', 'piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The usefulness of @entity379 release assays to monitor the efficacy of @entity378 ( @entity378 ) treatment is controversial. Sixty @entity1 affected by culture-confirmed @entity1907 (M = 36; mean age: 39.2 yr; Italians = 28) were serially tested in a low prevalence setting by means of QuantiFERON- @entity378 GOLD In-Tube (QFT-IT) at baseline and after a successful six-month therapy regimen (T6). A sub-group of 40 cases was also tested at 1 and 3 months. Overall, 88.3% of @entity1 scored a QFT-IT positive result at baseline, with the higher proportion of @entity378 -specific @entity379 responses in foreign-born @entity1 (p = 0.04). @entity378 -specific responses were highly variable over time, the within- @entity1 variability being correlated with baseline @entity379 levels (r = 0.731; p < 0.001). Overall, 61.6% of cases still tested QFT-IT positive at the completion of therapy. Average @entity379 levels increased over time, being persistently significantly higher in Italian @entity1 than in foreign-born cases both at baseline (p = 0.03) and at T6 (p = 0.02). Reversion mainly occurred in @entity1 (26.6%) with baseline @entity379 levels close to the conventional cut-off value. No indeterminate results were recorded at any study time point. In conclusion, QFT-IT adds no significant information to clinicians for treatment monitoring when applied in routine clinical practice in a low prevalence setting. Kinetics of T cell responses upon @entity378 treatment and reversion (and conversion) thresholds need to be addressed. Diversity of @entity379 responses among @entity1 of different geographic origin is an issue to be investigated further.

title: Limited usefulness of QuantiFERON- XXXX Gold In-Tube for monitoring @entity378 therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['anti-tuberculosis', 'TB']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['TB']


abstract: From 1984 to 1990, six @entity1 with histologically and endocrinologically proven @entity11060 were treated in our department. The lesion in five @entity1 was clinically evident, but in the other was occult. All lesions were located within the chest. Four were @entity6732 and the other two were @entity4303 . Most of the @entity1 had typical clinical manifestations of @entity699 . Laboratory tests including histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of @entity11060 . The treatment consisted of surgical removal of the mass supplemented by radiotherapy. The results showed that after treatment all @entity1 had satisfactory remission. Two @entity4303 @entity1 have been living for 40 and 88 months respectively without recurrence. Among 4 @entity6732 @entity1 , only one has been living with no @entity5 for 34 months. One @entity1 had recurrence and the other 2 died 32 and 50 months after the treatment respectively. However, the symptoms of two @entity6732 @entity1 had not been relieved at all until radiotherapy was given. This paper discusses the method, dose and indications of radiotherapy. It should be pointed out that the prognosis of @entity4303 is good while that of thymic carcinoids is relatively poor.

title: Radiotherapy of XXXX due to @entity4303 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11060 :: ('MESH:D000182', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic ACTH syndrome']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity6732 :: ('MESH:D013953', 'Disease') :: ['thymic carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial carcinoid', 'bronchial carcinoids']

answer: @entity11060 :: (MESH:D000182,Disease) :: ['ectopic ACTH syndrome']


abstract: Intracranial metastases from @entity189 are rarely clinically diagnosed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of @entity4614 due to pituitary metastasis from @entity189 . We report on a 70-year-old @entity1 who had a @entity957 , which was resected surgically followed by local full dose radiation therapy. Four months later, he presented with a sudden onset of @entity892 , @entity1163 , @entity10 , @entity6191 and @entity1277 . Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a tumorous process of the sellar region. Endocrinological tests disclosed the presence of @entity4614 . The @entity5 was subtotally resected endoscopically via endonasal transsphenoidal approach. Histopathology of @entity5 specimens indicated @entity957 . @entity5 of the sellar and parasellar region as in the case presented may easily be confused with @entity977 . Pituitary metastases should be considered on differential diagnosis of unusual @entity977 , especially in @entity1 with as well as in those without a history of @entity5 .

title: @entity4614 caused by pituitary metastasis of supraglottic XXXX : case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['loss of appetite']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumors', 'pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['general malaise']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lactation and conjugated @entity4722 (CLA) supplementation on adipocyte sizes of subcutaneous (s.c.) and visceral (VC) fat depots in primiparous dairy @entity291 during the first 105 d in milk ( @entity12315 ). German Holstein heifers (n=25) were divided into a control (CON) and a CLA group. From 1 @entity12315 until sample collection, CLA @entity291 were fed 100g of CLA supplement/d (about 6% of c9,t11 and t10,c12 isomers each), whereas the CON @entity291 received 100g of @entity844 mixture/d instead of CLA. The CON @entity291 (n=5 each) were slaughtered at 1, 42, and 105 @entity12315 , and the CLA @entity291 (n=5 each) were slaughtered at 42 and 105 @entity12315 . Adipose tissues from 3s.c. depots (tailhead, withers, and sternum) and from 3 VC depots (omental, mesenteric, and retroperitoneal) were sampled. @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining was done to measure adipocyte area ( m(2)). Retroperitoneal adipocyte sizes were mostly larger than adipocytes from the other sites, independent of lactation time and treatment. Significant changes related to duration of lactation were limited to retroperitoneal fat: adipocyte sizes were significantly smaller at 105 @entity12315 than at 1 @entity12315 in CON @entity291 . Adipocyte sizes were decreased in s.c. depots from the tailhead at 105 @entity12315 and from the sternum at 42 @entity12315 in CLA versus CON @entity291 , whereas for VC depots, adipocyte sizes were decreased in mesenteric fat at 42 and 105 @entity12315 , and in omental and retroperitoneal fat, at 105 @entity12315 in CLA versus CON @entity291 . Within the @entity13357 group, adipocyte sizes were smaller in the s.c. depot from the tailhead at 105 @entity12315 than at 42 @entity12315 . Adipocyte sizes and depot weights were significantly correlated in s.c. depots (r=0.795) in the CLA group and in retroperitoneal fat both in the CON (r=0.698) and the CLA (r=0.723) group. In conclusion, CLA-induced decreases in adipocyte size indicate lipolytic or antilipogenic effects of CLA, or both effects, on adipose tissue in primiparous dairy @entity291 .

title: Physiological and conjugated @entity4722 -induced changes of adipocyte size in different fat depots of dairy XXXX during early lactation.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: Wildlife reservoirs of @entity2497 represent serious obstacles to the eradication of @entity378 in domestic livestock. In Michigan, USA tuberculous @entity4325 transmit @entity2499 to @entity291 . One approach in dealing with this wildlife reservoir is to vaccinate deer in order to interrupt the cycle of deer to deer and deer to @entity291 transmission. Thirty-one @entity4325 were assigned to one of three groups; 2 SC doses of 10(7)CFU of @entity2499 BCG (n=11); 1 SC dose of 10(7)CFU of @entity2499 BCG (n=10); or unvaccinated deer (n=10). After vaccination, deer were inoculated intratonsilarly with 300 CFU of virulent @entity2499 . Gross lesion severity scores of the medial retropharyngeal lymph node were significantly reduced in deer receiving 2 doses of BCG compared to unvaccinated deer. Vaccinated deer had fewer lymph node @entity738 than unvaccinated deer, and most notably, fewer late stage @entity738 characterized by coalescent caseonecrotic @entity738 containing numerous acid-fast bacilli. BCG was isolated from 7/21 vaccinated deer as long as 249 days after vaccination. In one case BCG was transmitted from a vaccinated deer to an unvaccinated deer. In @entity4325 BCG provides measurable protection against challenge with virulent @entity2499 . However, persistence of vaccine within tissues as well as shedding of BCG from vaccinates remain areas for further investigation.

title: Vaccination of @entity4325 ( XXXX ) with @entity2497 bacillus Calmette Guer  n.

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity4325 :: ('9874', 'Species') :: ['white-tailed deer']

entities_list: @entity2497 :: ('1765', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium bovis']

answer: @entity4325 :: (9874,Species) :: ['Odocoileus virginianus']


abstract: This study evaluated the ability of cryopreservation to store large quantities of @entity235 islets for transplantation studies. Islets were isolated by automated screen methods and purified by @entity7634 -Ficoll gradients. After overnight 37 degrees C incubation, islets were equilibrated with 2 M @entity3733 , cryopreserved at a cooling rate of 0.25 degree C/min and subjected to long-term storage in liquid @entity1568 . Six months later, some islets were thawed at a rate of 180 degrees C/min. The viability of cryothawed islets was determined in vitro by comparing islet count, total @entity9959 content, morphology and perifusion studies in both control and cryothawed islets, and in vivo by transplantation into @entity6 @entity19 . The percentages of recovery of both islet count and total @entity9959 content were 74.17 +/- 4.46 and 70.66 +/- 14.08, respectively. Islet morphology after cryothaw by light and electron microscopy revealed structurally intact islets with varying degrees of granulation. The results of perifusion indicated that there was no significant difference (p > 0.1) in both total stimulated @entity9959 secretion and stimulation index response to high-dose @entity413 plus @entity1922 and @entity5402 of isolated islets as compared to those of cryothawed islets. Transplantation into @entity19 proved that grafted islets can successfully reverse @entity6 . In conclusion, these findings indicate that the majority of purified @entity235 islets can survive the frozen-thawed insult while maintaining their secretory function and permitting mass storage of @entity235 islets for further transplant studies.

title: Successful long-term cryopreservation of highly purified XXXX islets.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylsulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity1922 :: ('MESH:D015056', 'Chemical') :: ['3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: Two hundred @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 who were treated with combination chemotherapy and nonspecific immunotherapy with BCG or MER were skin tested prior to, and at regular intervals during the administration of chemotherapy with a battery of six antigens (Dermatophytin, Varidase, candida, mumps, @entity4035 , and KLH). @entity56 responses to this battery of antigens were analyzed to assess whether they correlated with ability to respond to chemotherapy, length of survival, and a number of other host and @entity5 characteristics of known prognostic significance. Responsiveness to individual recall antigens or the number of positive skin test responses did not correlate with overall or complete response rates. The correlation did exist with KLH, a primary antigen. A positive response to two or more antigens correlated with a longer survival. Inability to mount a skin test response to any antigen correlated with poor survival. @entity4035 conversions during serial BCG administration did not correlate with a better prognosis. Serial skin testing with a battery of antigens did not correlate with prognosis. Skin test responsiveness to the antigens used in this study did not correlate with the other pretreatment factors of prognostic importance such as @entity5 burden, absolute lymphocyte count, performance status, prior radiation therapy, menopausal status, and age. Therefore, responsiveness to skin testing with these antigens appears to be an independent prognostic variable and should be incorporated in the planning and analysis of systemic treatment programs in metastatic @entity0 .

title: Prognostic value of prechemotherapy skin tests in @entity1 with metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Delayed-type hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) has been clearly associated with the risk of developing @entity301 . The best and most convenient method for determining LDL-C has come under increased scrutiny in recent years. We present comparisons of the Friedewald calculated LDL-C (C-LDL-C) and direct LDL-C (D-LDL-C) using 3 different homogenous assays. This highlights differences between the 2 methods of LDL-C measurement and how this affects the classification of samples into different LDL-C treatment goals as determined by the National @entity165 Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines thus potentially affecting treatment strategies. METHODS: Lipid profiles of a total of 2208 clinic @entity1 were retrieved from the Central Arkansas VA Healthcare System clinical laboratory database. Samples studied were of 1-week period during the 3 periods studied: 2000 (period 1), 2002 ( @entity5394 ), and 2005 ( @entity5395 ). Different homogenous assays for D-LDL-C measurement were used for each of the 3 periods. RESULTS: There is a fundamental disagreement between D-LDL-C and C-LDL-C, although Pearson correlation coefficients are 0.93, 0.97, and 0.98 for @entity25078 , respectively. Using the model for period 1, when C-LDL-C is 70 mg/dL, the predicted D-LDL-C is 95 mg/dL (36% higher). The differences between C-LDL-C and predicted D-LDL-C progressively decrease at higher LDL-C cut points. In the assay used in @entity5395 , there are 290 samples with D-LDL-C values between 100 and 130 mg/dL. Of these, only 182 samples show agreement with C-LDL-C values, whereas 90 samples with a D-LDL-C in the 100- to 130-mg/dL range are in the 70- to 100-mg/dL range using the C-LDL-C assay. Although the k statistics suggests the LDL-C measures have relatively high levels of agreement, the significant generalized McNemar tests (P < 0.01) provide additional evidence of disagreement between C-LDL-C and D-LDL-C during all the 3 periods. CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight D-LDL-C measurements using 3 different assays during 3 different periods. In all assays, there is a substantial lack of agreement between D-LDL-C and C-LDL-C, which, in most cases, resulted in higher D-LDL-C values than C-LDL-C. This leads to clinically significant misclassification of @entity1 's LDL-C to a different LDL-C treatment goal, which would potentially result in more drug usage, thus exposing @entity1 to more potential adverse effects and at a much greater cost with little evidence of benefit.

title: Method of LDL XXXX measurement influences classification of LDL @entity165 treatment goals: clinical research study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']