abstract: Background. Shen-Fu injection (SFI) following @entity1167 exhibits neurological effects, but its effect on @entity51 is unclear. This study sought to investigate the protective effect of SFI on nerve cells in a porcine model of @entity1167 . Methods. After eight minutes of untreated @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) and 2 minutes of basic life support, 24 @entity1707 were randomized and divided into three cardiopulmonary resuscitation groups, which received central venous injection of either Shen-Fu (SFI group; 1.0   ml/kg), @entity1425 (EP group; 0.02   mg/kg), or saline (SA group). Surviving @entity1707 were sacrificed at 24   h after ROSC and brains were removed for analysis for morphologic changes of mitochondria by electron microscopy, for mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) by flow cytometry, and for opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore ( @entity5212 ) by mitochondrial light scattering. Results. Compared with the EP and SA groups, SFI treatment reduced opening of @entity5212 , showing higher MMP. In addition, animals treated with SFI showed slight cerebral ultrastructure damage under the electron microscopy. Conclusion. Shen-Fu injection alleviated @entity1545 , improved neurological ultrastructure, stabilized membrane potential, and inhibited opening of @entity5212 . Therefore, SFI could significantly attenuate postresuscitation @entity2806 and @entity5721 by modulating mitochondrial dysfunction of nerve cells.

title: Protective effect of shen-fu injection on neuronal mitochondrial function in a porcine model of prolonged XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: Regulators of transition through mitosis such as SURVIVIN and @entity875 ( @entity875 ) have been previously implicated in the initiation of @entity1344 ( @entity1344 ), a driver of intratumour heterogeneity. We investigate the relationship between protein expression of these genes and directly quantified @entity1344 , and their prognostic utility in @entity0 . The expression of SURVIVIN and @entity875 was determined by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 426 @entity1 with primary @entity0 . The association between protein expression and histopathological characteristics, clinical outcome and @entity1344 status, as determined by centromeric FISH and defined by modal centromere deviation, was analysed. Significantly poorer clinical outcome was observed in @entity1 with high @entity875 expression levels. Expression of SURVIVIN was elevated in ER-negative relative to @entity0 . Both @entity875 and SURVIVIN increased expression were significantly associated with @entity0 grade. There was a significant association between increased @entity1344 and both increased @entity875 and SURVIVIN expression. @entity875 gene amplification was also associated with increased @entity1344 . To our knowledge this is the largest study assessing @entity1344 status in parallel with the expression of the mitotic regulators @entity875 and SURVIVIN. These data suggest that elevated expression of @entity875 and SURVIVIN, together with @entity875 gene amplification, are associated with increased @entity1344 in @entity0 , and may be used as a proxy for @entity1344 in @entity0 samples in the absence of more advanced molecular measurements.

title: Expression of regulators of mitotic fidelity are associated with intercellular heterogeneity and XXXX in primary @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'ER-positive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity875 :: ('6790', 'Gene') :: ['AURKA', 'Aurora kinase A']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal instability', 'CIN']

answer: @entity1344 :: (MESH:D043171,Disease) :: ['chromosomal instability']


abstract: In @entity43 the ceiling seems to be reached with chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore a paradigm shift is needed. Instead of treating all @entity1 according to standard guidelines, individualized molecular targeted treatment should be aimed for. This means that molecular profiles of the distinct @entity43 subtypes should be established. Until recently, most studies trying to identify molecular targets were single-marker studies. The prognostic role of key components of apoptotic and prosurvival pathways such as @entity876 , @entity470 , and @entity1722 has been extensively studied because resistance to chemotherapy is often caused by failure of @entity5 cells to go into apoptosis. However, it is more than likely that different @entity43 subtypes with extensive molecular heterogeneity exist. Therefore, exploration of the potential of specific @entity5 -targeted therapy, based on expression of a @entity5 profile, may be of interest. Recently, new profiling techniques, such as DNA and protein microarrays, have enabled high-throughput screening of @entity5 . In this review an overview of the current status of prognostic marker and molecular targeting research in @entity43 , including microarray studies, is presented.

title: Molecular prognostic markers in @entity43 : toward XXXX -tailored therapy.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'prognostic tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The objective of the study was to identify the effects of LH on the final follicle maturation process as well as the incidence of @entity1146 during the follicular phase of the @entity1237 's estrous cycle. In Experiment 1, concentrations of the LH were measured during the follicular phase of a synchronized cycle in 8 Canary @entity1237 . In Experiment 2, the same animals were synchronized again. On each day of a 4-day experimental period (day 0 = day of sponges withdrawal), 2 of the @entity1237 were bilaterally ovariectomized. Follicles with a diameter > 1 mm were dissected out to obtain qualitative histological data in normal, early @entity38887 , early @entity38887 II, advanced @entity38887 and advanced @entity38887 II follicles. The total interval from sponge withdrawal to LH peak was 77.5 +/- 9.8 h. LH peak concentration averaged 44 +/- 5.3 ng/ml and the mean length of the preovulatory surge (amounts over 10 ng/ml) was 8.9 +/- 0.9 h. During the total follicular phase, there were more @entity38887 follicles than normal follicles (58 vs. 30, P < 0.05). The number of early and advanced @entity38887 follicles was similar. There were more early @entity1146 I than early @entity1146 II follicles (23 vs. 6, P < 0.05). On day 2, the number of advanced @entity38887 follicles was greater than early @entity38887 follicles (10 vs. 4, P < 0.05). There was an increase in the number of early @entity38887 follicles from day 2 to day 4 (4 vs. 9, P < 0.05), which was consistent with the effects of the preovulatory LH surge.

title: Follicular @entity1146 and LH concentrations during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle in the @entity1237 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity38887 :: ('MESH:C567865', 'Disease') :: ['atretic', 'atretic I']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['Capra hircus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Galectins are potent immune regulators, with @entity41786 acting as a pro-apoptotic effector on synovial fluid cells and thymocytes and stimulator on T-cells. To set a proof-of-principle example for risk assessment in autoimmunity, and for a mutation affecting physiological galectin sensor functions, a polymorphism in the coding region of the @entity41786 gene ( @entity60883 ; @entity60884 ) was studied for its association with two @entity792 , i.e. @entity309 and @entity1737 . METHODS: A case-control analysis and a related quantitative trait-association study were performed to investigate the association of this polymorphism in @entity1 ( @entity1737 149, @entity309 214 and 134 as primary and repetitive cohorts, respectively) and 365 ethnically matched (Caucasian) healthy controls. Distribution was also investigated in @entity1 grouped according to their antibody status and age at disease onset. Comparative testing for lectin activity was carried out in ELISA/ELLA-based binding tests with both wild-type and @entity60884 mutant @entity41786 from peripheral blood mononuclear cell lysates of healthy individuals with different genotypes as well as with recombinant wild-type and @entity60884 mutant @entity41786 proteins. RESULTS: A strong association was found for @entity309 , and a mild one with @entity1737 . Furthermore, the presence of the sequence deviation also correlated with age at disease onset in the case of @entity309 . The @entity60884 substitution did not appear to affect @entity1735 binding in solid-phase assays markedly. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first report of an association between a galectin-based polymorphism leading to a mutant protein and @entity792 , with evidence for antagonistic pleiotropy.

title: Non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes for immunoregulatory galectins: association of @entity41786 ( @entity60884 ) occurrence with XXXX in a Caucasian population.

entities_list: @entity60884 :: ('p|SUB|F|19|Y', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['F19Y']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorders', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune diseases']


abstract: This study was carried out to investigate the chemopreventive potential of @entity10419 (RA) against @entity8708 ( @entity18399 ) induced @entity35 colon @entity105 by evaluating the effect of RA on @entity5 formation, antioxidant enzymes, cytochrome P450 content, @entity11921 hydroxylase and GST activities. @entity35 were divided into six groups and fed modified pellet diet for the entire experimental period. Group 1 served as control, group 2 received RA (10 mg/kgb.w.). Groups 3-6 were induced @entity694 by injecting @entity18399 (20 mg/kgb.w.) subcutaneously once a week for the first four weeks (groups 3-6). In addition, RA was administered at the doses of 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kgb.w. to groups 4-6 respectively. @entity18399 treated @entity35 showed large number of @entity5 ; decreased lipid peroxidation; decreased antioxidant status; elevated CYP450 content and PNPH activities; and decreased GST activity in the liver and colon. Supplementation with RA (5 mgkg/b.w.) to @entity18399 treated @entity35 significantly decreased the number of @entity1127 (50%); reversed the markers of oxidative stress (21.0%); antioxidant status (38.55%); CYP450 content (29.41%); and PNPH activities (21.9%). RA at the dose of 5 mg/kgb.w. showed a most pronounced effect and could be used as a possible chemopreventive agent against @entity694 .

title: The effect of @entity10419 on @entity8708 induced colon XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10419 :: ('MESH:C041376', 'Chemical') :: ['rosmarinic acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['colonic tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity8708 :: ('MESH:D019813', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2-dimethylhydrazine']

entities_list: @entity11921 :: ('MESH:C024836', 'Chemical') :: ['p-nitrophenol']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Spontaneous echo-contrast (SEC) appears on B-mode images as moving curls of smoke in the lumen of veins. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of internal jugular vein SEC among @entity1 with @entity64 , in comparison with control subjects. METHODS: We enrolled 97 Korean @entity1 with acute @entity385 and 50 controls. Both internal jugular veins were examined for the presence and severity of SEC and measurement of flow velocity. Venous samples were obtained for laboratory evaluation of hematologic factors. RESULTS: In 294 internal jugular veins, the prevalence of SEC was 81% in @entity64 @entity1 and 68% in controls (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.6; p   =   0.013). @entity64 @entity1 were more likely to have SEC on the left (p   =   0.025) than on the right (p   =   0.184) internal jugular vein. Overall, the association between @entity64 and SEC remained significant after adjustment for other variables (odds ratio, 4.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-10.8; p   =   0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Internal jugular vein SEC was found more frequently in @entity64 @entity1 than in controls. However, local as well as systemic factors must be considered in the interpretation of this finding.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2014.

title: Spontaneous echo-contrast in the internal jugular veins of XXXX with @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Endophilin-B1, also known as @entity60783 ( @entity60783 , and encoded by @entity60783 ), is a multifunctional protein involved in apoptosis, autophagy and mitochondrial function. We recently described a unique neuroprotective role for neuron-specific alternatively spliced isoforms of endophilin-B1. To examine whether endophilin-B1-mediated neuroprotection could be a novel therapeutic target for @entity195 we used a double mutant amyloid precursor protein and @entity20933 (APPswe/PSEN1dE9) @entity19 model of @entity195 and observed that expression of neuron-specific endophilin-B1 isoforms declined with disease progression. To determine if this reduction in endophilin-B1 has a functional role in @entity195 pathogenesis, we crossed endophilin-B1(-/-) @entity19 with APPswe/PSEN1dE9 @entity19 . Deletion of endophilin-B1 accelerated disease onset and progression in 6-month-old APPswe/PSEN1dE9/endophilin-B1(-/-) @entity19 , which showed more plaques, astrogliosis, @entity528 , @entity73 and mortality than APPswe/PSEN1dE9 @entity19 . In @entity19 primary cortical neuron cultures, overexpression of neuron-specific endophilin-B1 isoforms protected against amyloid-b-induced apoptosis and @entity2383 . Additionally, protein and mRNA levels of neuron-specific endophilin-B1 isoforms were also selectively decreased in the cerebral cortex and in the synaptic compartment of @entity1 with @entity195 . Flow sorting of synaptosomes from @entity1 with @entity195 demonstrated a negative correlation between amyloid-b and endophilin-B1 levels. The importance of endophilin-B1 in neuronal function was further underscored by the development of @entity73 in endophilin-B1(-/-) @entity19 by 12 months. Our findings suggest that endophilin-B1 is a key mediator of a feed-forward mechanism of @entity195 pathogenesis where amyloid-b reduces neuron-specific endophilin-B1, which in turn enhances amyloid-b accumulation and neuronal vulnerability to stress.

title: Loss of endophilin-B1 exacerbates XXXX pathology.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'synaptic degeneration and cognitive and motor impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['synaptic degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: The @entity630 and @entity61 T cell responses that underlie @entity29 ( @entity29 ) are likely to depend on NF-kappaB transcriptional activity. We explored this possibility in studies in which we determined the capacity of NF-kappaB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (decoy ODNs) to treat various @entity19 models of @entity8787 . In initial studies, we showed that i.r. (intrarectal) or i.p. administration of decoy ODNs encapsulated in a viral envelope prevented and treated a model of acute @entity1959 -induced (TNBS-induced) @entity1960 , as assessed by clinical course and effect on @entity630 cytokine production. In further studies, we showed that NF-kappaB decoy ODNs were also an effective treatment of a model of chronic @entity1960 , inhibiting both the production of @entity14293 / @entity636 and the development of @entity82 that characterizes this model. Treatment of @entity10776 -induced @entity32 by i.r. administration of NF-kappaB decoy ODNs did not inhibit NF-kappaB in extraintestinal organs and resulted in CD4+ T cell apoptosis, suggesting that such treatment is highly focused and durable. Finally, we showed that NF-kappaB decoy ODNs also prevented and treated @entity10312 - @entity1960 and thus affect a @entity61 -mediated inflammatory process. In each case, decoy administration led to @entity32 -clearing effects, suggesting a therapeutic potency applicable to @entity1 @entity8787 .

title: Treatment of @entity19 XXXX - and @entity61 -mediated @entity29 with NF-kappa B decoy oligonucleotides.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity10312 :: ('MESH:D010081', 'Chemical') :: ['oxazolone']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['IBDs', 'inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity1959 :: ('MESH:D014302', 'Chemical') :: ['trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis', 'TNBS-colitis']

answer: @entity630 :: (57314(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Th1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Regular exercise reduces the risk for numerous @entity102 . Exercise not only impacts the contracting skeletal muscle but also elicits systemic changes. The exact mechanisms driving the more systemic changes have yet to be resolved, but exercise factors are thought to be an important missing link. Exercise factors are proteins that are released from skeletal muscle into the circulation during exercise. They represent a subclass of myokines, which are classified as proteins secreted from skeletal muscle serving a signaling role. Here, we provide an overview of the current literature on myokines. Many studies have focused on the identification of new myokines using a variety of approaches. These studies have generated an extensive list of myokines, but so far, the functional relevance of many of these novel myokines remains unclear. Few of these myokines represent putative exercise factors. Currently, @entity650 , secreted protein acidic and rich in @entity462 , @entity8090 , chemokine ( @entity2842 have the highest potential to serve as exercise factors because for all these factors, there is clear evidence that plasma levels increase during exercise. In our view, the future focus should be on characterizing the functional role of myokines in the acute and chronic response to exercise and explore their potential as a target for @entity209 .-Catoire, M., Kersten, S. The search for exercise factors in @entity1 .

title: The search for exercise factors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['C-X3-C motif) ligand 1, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OBJECT: Immature @entity149 (CNS) are rare @entity5 . Although adjuvant therapy is generally recommended after resection, the exact role of each therapeutic modality is not yet established. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinicopathological correlation and the role of resection to define the optimal treatment modalities for @entity44 of the CNS. METHODS: Between 1987 and 2002, eight @entity1 underwent radical surgery for a lesion diagnosed as a CNS @entity44 @entity44 at the authors' institution. The clinical courses of these @entity1 and the pathological features of their @entity5 were retrospectively reviewed. Gross-total resection (GTR) was achieved in six @entity1 at the initial operation. The mean follow-up period was 75 months. Two @entity1 received postoperative adjuvant therapies and two @entity1 did not, against medical advice. None of the four @entity1 experienced recurrence after long-term follow up. Another four @entity1 , all of whom underwent GTR of the @entity5 , did not receive adjuvant therapy as part of a prospective treatment scheme. One of them exhibited early recurrence and @entity3 . The @entity5 had pathological features denoting a high-grade (Norris Grade III) lesion and neurocytomatous differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: Aggressive resection seems to be of utmost importance in the treatment of @entity44 of the CNS. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy can be deferred if GTR is achieved in low-grade, @entity44 , but adjuvant therapies may be warranted for high-grade ones.

title: Immature XXXX : is adjuvant therapy mandatory?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['teratomas of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma', 'immature', 'immature teratomas']

answer: @entity149 :: (MESH:D002493,Disease) :: ['teratomas of the central nervous system']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Metastatic @entity14 is a major cause of @entity5 in North America. Hepatic resection offers the potential for cure in selected @entity1 . We report the long-term outcomes of @entity1 who underwent hepatic resection for colorectal @entity3 over a 10-year period at a single hepatobiliary surgical oncology center. METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent liver resection for metastatic @entity14 between 1992 and 2002 were identified. Data were retrospectively obtained through chart review. Major outcome variables were disease-free survival and overall survival. Risk factors for disease recurrence and mortality were identified by multivariate analysis by using the Cox proportional hazard method. RESULTS: A total of 423 hepatectomies were performed for metastatic @entity14 . Most operations (n = 276; 65%) were major (four or more segments) hepatectomies. Perioperative morbidity occurred in 74 (17%) @entity1 . There were seven (1.6%) perioperative @entity204 . The disease-free survival at 1, 5, and 10 years was 64%, 27%, and 22%, respectively. The overall survival at 1, 5, and 10 years was 93%, 47%, and 28%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified four negative predictive factors for overall survival (hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval): a positive surgical margin (2.9; 1.5-5.3), large @entity3 (>5 cm; 1.5; 1.1-2.0), multiple @entity3 (1.4; 1.1-1.9), and age >60 years (1.4; 1.1-1.9). CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic resection for metastatic @entity14 is safe and provides good long-term overall survival rates of 47% at 5 years and 28% at 10 years. An @entity146 approach is justified by the low operative mortality rate and good long-term survival, even in individuals with multiple bilobar @entity3 .

title: Survival after hepatic resection for colorectal XXXX : a 10-year experience.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer death']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: The @entity1 was a 94-year-old @entity1 . She was admitted on our hospital for ileus due to incarceration of a @entity18659 on October 29, 1993. Although an emergency operation was necessary she refused, therefore we continued to have conservative therapy. After repeated persuasion, she agreed the operation which was performed under spinal anesthesia on November 17. The peritoneal cavity was opened through a transverse incision of the lower abdomen. Some bloody @entity843 was encountered. Part of the jejunum was incarcerated through right femoral canal and was completely obstructed, with @entity63 but no necrotic changes. It was excised. She resumed oral intake on the 7th postoperative day and was discharged on the 77th postoperative day. Initially due to her opposition we could not perform the operation, but after persistent persuasion she agreed and survived. Good communications between the doctor and the @entity1 , and of course informed consent, was very important in such cases.

title: [A case of incarceration of a XXXX in a very old female with a intriguing clinical course].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity18659 :: ('MESH:D006550', 'Disease') :: ['right femoral hernia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity18659 :: (MESH:D006550,Disease) :: ['right femoral hernia']


abstract: Background. @entity3969 is the commonest @entity703 seen in @entity1 . It has a good prognosis in developed countries with survival rates estimated to be between 80% and 90%, while in Africa it remains low. Method. Retrospective study of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity3969 who are seen at 4 paediatric oncology units, representing 58.5% of all South African @entity1 with @entity3969 and treated following SIOP protocol between January 2000 and December 2010. Results. A total of 416 @entity1 were seen at the 4 units. Over 80% of our @entity1 were African and almost 10% of mixed ethnicity. The most common stage was stage 4. The median survival was 28 months after diagnosis with the mixed ethnicity @entity1 recording the longest duration (39 months) and the white @entity1 had the shortest median survival. The overall 5-year survival rate was estimated to be 66%. Stage 2 @entity1 did significantly better (85%). Conclusions. Our @entity1 are similar with regard to gender ratio, median age, and age distribution as described in the literature, but in South Africa the more advanced stage disease seen than in other developed countries is translated into low overall survival rate.

title: The impact of ethnicity on XXXX : characteristics and outcome of a South african cohort.

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['nephroblastoma', 'Nephroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumour']

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['wilms tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of the present review is to describe recent insight into the pathomechanism of the late-onset @entity566 -like reactions which affect 2-3% of contrast medium-exposed @entity1 , and to give advice regarding prophylactic measures to avoid recurrence of such reactions. RECENT FINDINGS: It is well recognized that the majority of contrast media-induced late-onset reactions are cutaneous reactions of the maculopapular, urticarial and @entity113 types, with occasional occurrence of more serious, bullous eruptions. Recent findings strongly indicate that these reactions are T cell-mediated. The current evidences for this concept are the described clinical symptoms; the high incidence of reactions in @entity1199 -treated @entity1 ; the positive results from skin, provocation and lymphocyte transformation testing of affected @entity1 ; and the histopathology of @entity272 and positive skin test sites. SUMMARY: On the basis of this new knowledge, several prophylactic measures are proposed to avoid repeat reactions in @entity1 with previous late-onset contrast medium reactions. All @entity1 receiving contrast media should be informed that transient skin reactions may develop up to 7 days after contrast medium exposure. Those who experience such reactions should be advised to see an allergist for diagnosis of the reaction. Skin testing with a panel of different contrast media appears to be useful for confirming the presence of an @entity56 and for identifying alternative contrast media that can be safely used. For undiagnosed @entity1 , a contrast medium that is structurally different from the product that precipitated the reaction should be chosen if re-exposure to contrast media is required. Pretreatment with @entity288 may also be tried, although its protective effect has not been systematically studied.

title: Late-onset XXXX -like reactions to X-ray contrast media.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['angioedema']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin eruptions']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: Objective. To investigate individual and contextual factors contributing to @entity263 (PCa) survival in Florida. Methods. A random sample of 6,457 PCa cases diagnosed between 10/1/2001 and 12/31/2007 was extracted from Florida Cancer Data System. Comorbidity was computed following Elixhauser Index. Survival probability curve was generated using Kaplan-Meier method. The Wei, Lin, and Weissfel model was used for the multivariate analysis. Results. Older age at diagnosis was associated with shorter time to @entity204 . Current smokers had a higher hazard rate than non-current smokers. Higher hazard of overall mortality was associated with being diagnosed with advanced stage compared with localized stage and having poorly-differentiated @entity5 compared with well-moderately differentiated @entity5 . No definitive treatment, radiation alone, and hormone alone were significantly associated with elevated hazard rate compared with surgery. Fifteen comorbidities were significantly associated with shorter time-to- @entity204 . Conclusions. Effective control of comorbidity in PCa @entity1 should help improve life expectancy and lead to prolonged survival.

title: Factors associated with overall XXXX in Florida: a multilevel analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['overall prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['survival prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity7236 derivative @entity460 -channel blockers are widely used in the therapy of @entity101 , @entity951 and other @entity65 . Because the prototype of @entity7236 derivatives, @entity594 , does not have the optimum pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics, attempts have been made to synthesize other drugs in this class with improved properties. The synthesis and biological activity of two new @entity460 -channel blockers, non-symmetrical ( @entity57138 ) and symmetrical ( @entity57139 ) analogues of @entity594 , is described herein. The pharmacological potencies of the compounds were evaluated by studying their effects on the contractions of isolated @entity840 ileum and @entity35 aortic rings. Results were compared with those obtained from @entity594 . The new analogues and @entity594 inhibited the contractile response of @entity840 ileum to electrical stimulation and the pIC50 value of the compounds did not differ significantly from each other. The compounds also antagonized the contractile responses of K+-depolarized @entity840 ileum to cumulative concentrations of @entity460 . The inhibitory effect of @entity57138 was significantly higher than that of @entity594 whereas the inhibitory effects of @entity57139 and @entity594 were not different. All three compounds relaxed KCl (40 mM)-treated isolated aortic rings; the pIC50 values for relaxation were: @entity57138 > @entity594 > @entity57139 . It is concluded that these new @entity7236 derivatives are potent relaxants of vascular and ileal smooth muscles and therefore have high potential for use as antihypertensive and anti-anginal agents.

title: Synthesis and biological activity of two new XXXX -channel blockers, @entity57138 and @entity57139 .

entities_list: @entity7236 :: ('MESH:C038806', 'Chemical') :: ['Dihydropyridine', 'dihydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity57138 :: ('MESH:C110812', 'Chemical') :: ['mebudipine']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity57139 :: ('MESH:C110813', 'Chemical') :: ['dibudipine']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the characteristics of @entity1034 ( @entity778 ) in @entity1 with and without @entity402 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort comparative study. METHODS: @entity1 who presented at the @entity267 Service, Wills Eye Hospital, between March 2003 and March 2004 who had been previously diagnosed in the same institution as having ocular @entity778 diagnosis or were just diagnosed as having the disease were asked to complete a study questionnaire that enabled categorization into atopic and nonatopic. In April 2005, 223 @entity1 who agreed to be in the study had their charts reviewed, and 125 @entity1 were excluded according to exclusion criteria: immunosuppression, follow-up less than one year, previous history of penetrating keratoplasty (PK) out of the @entity267 Service, and no active @entity778 episode during follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of all types of @entity778 . SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Bilaterality, @entity227 , need for PK , and secondary @entity2348 in both groups. @entity778 episodes were classified into infectious, inflammatory, and mixed for analysis. RESULTS: Ninety eight @entity1 (110 eyes) were included in the study. @entity1097 /nonatopic (P value): the mean follow-up was 11.6 (+/- 10.6)/8.8 years (+/- 8.4) (P = .14); the mean incidence of @entity778 episodes per year of follow-up was: total episodes 0.32 (+/- 0.36)/0.28 (+/- 0.33) (P = .14), infectious 0.16 (+/- 0.22)/0.10 (+/- 0.14) (P < .01), inflammatory 0.11 (+/- 0.19)/0.11 (+/- 0.19) (P < .01), and mixed 0.09 (+/- 0.20)/0.07 (+/- 0.16) (P = .06); bilateral @entity778 was present in 9/3 @entity1 (P = .22); the mean @entity1018 was four lines of Snellen in both groups; PK was performed in 14 of 16 eyes (P = .45); secondary @entity2348 was present in two of four eyes (P = .26). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1097 @entity1 had considerably more infectious and fewer inflammatory episodes when compared with nonatopics.

title: Comparative study of @entity1034 in XXXX with and without self-reported @entity402 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['HSV', 'HSV recurrences']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity1034 :: ('MESH:D016849', 'Disease') :: ['ocular herpes simplex virus']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity162 has been associated with increased @entity2339 function. The mechanism is not well understood, but there may be associated increases in pituitary gland volume (PGV) and these small increases may be functionally significant. However, research investigating PGV in @entity162 reports mixed results. The aim of the current study was twofold. First, to assess PGV in two novel samples of @entity1 with @entity162 and matched healthy controls. Second, to perform a meta-analysis comparing PGV across a larger sample of @entity1 and matched controls. METHODS: Sample 1 consisted of 23 established @entity1 and 32 matched controls. Sample 2 consisted of 39 medication-na  ve @entity1 and 42 matched controls. PGV was measured on structural MRI scans. Seven further studies were identified comparing PGV between @entity1 and matched controls (total n; 244 @entity1 , 308 controls). RESULTS: Both novel samples showed a small (approximately 20mm(3) or 4%), but non-significant, increase in PGV in @entity1 . Combining the two novel samples showed a significant association of age and PGV. Meta-analysis showed a trend towards a larger pituitary gland in @entity1 (effect size: .23, CI: -.14, .59). LIMITATIONS: While results suggest a possible small difference in pituitary gland volume between @entity1 and matched controls, larger mega-analyses with sample sizes greater even than those used in the current meta-analysis are still required. CONCLUSIONS: There is a small but potentially functionally significant increase in PGV in @entity1 with @entity162 compared to controls. Results demonstrate the difficulty of finding potentially important but small effects in functional @entity75 .

title: Pituitary gland volumes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'Bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disorders']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Despite increasing use of tunneled pleural catheters (TPCs), their efficacy as a definitive procedure for achieving palliation or spontaneous pleurodesis (SP) in the management of @entity3483 ( @entity3483 ) remains unclear. In the largest @entity3557 series to date, we evaluate the efficacy for palliation and review the rate and predictors of SP. METHODS: Retrospective review of 418 TPCs (355 @entity1 ) over 2 years (September 2007-September 2009) was performed. Palliation was deemed successful when the @entity1 did not require any other subsequent effusion-directed drainage procedure. SP was defined as satisfying the following criteria: (a) @entity3557 removal without need for further effusion-directed intervention during the @entity1 's lifespan and (b) no evidence of effusion reaccumulation by clinical and radiographic evidence at 1-month postremoval follow-up. RESULTS: After @entity3557 placement, no subsequent effusion-directed procedure was required for 380 of 418 (91%). SP was achieved after only 26% of TPCs (110 of 418), in which the median time to catheter removal was 44 days. Neither demographics nor primary @entity5 type predicted SP. In @entity1 selected for @entity3557 placement in the operating room, SP occurred in 36% (39 of 107), with 45% in loculated @entity3483 (13 of 29, p = 0.014). Complications occurred after 20 TPCs (4.8%), with none occurring after bedside placement. CONCLUSION: @entity3557 placement is safe and provides durable palliation, most often obviating the need for subsequent procedures in @entity3483 @entity1 . @entity3557 , however, remains suboptimal at achieving pleurodesis.

title: Palliation and pleurodesis in XXXX : the role for tunneled pleural catheters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['MPE', 'malignant pleural effusion']

answer: @entity3483 :: (MESH:D016066,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural effusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine whether the introduction of intermittent standing bouts during the workday using a height-adjustable workstation can improve subjective @entity85 and work productivity relative to seated work. METHODS: Overweight/ @entity28 office workers (n=23; age 48.2  7.9   years, body mass index 29.6  4   kg/m(2)) undertook two, 5-day experimental conditions in an equal, randomised (1:1) order. In a simulated office environment, @entity1 performed their usual occupational tasks for 8   h/day in a: seated work posture ( @entity558 ); or interchanging between a standing and seated work posture every 30   min using an electric, height-adjustable workstation (STAND- @entity558 ). Self-administered questionnaires measuring fatigue, musculoskeletal discomfort and work productivity were performed on day 5 of each experimental condition. RESULTS: @entity1 ' total fatigue score was significantly higher during the @entity558 (mean 67.8 (95% CI 58.8  to 76.7)) compared with the STAND- @entity558 (52.7 (43.8 to 61.5); p<0.001). Lower back musculoskeletal discomfort was significantly reduced during the STAND- @entity558 compared with the @entity558 (31.8% reduction; p=0.03). Despite concentration/focus being significantly higher during the @entity558 (p=0.006), there was a trend towards improved overall work productivity in favour of the STAND- @entity558 (p=0.053). CONCLUSIONS: Transitioning from a seated to a standing work posture every 30   min across the workday, relative to seated work, led to a significant @entity1295 and lower back discomfort in overweight/ @entity28 office workers, while maintaining work productivity. Future investigations should be directed at understanding whether sustained use of height-adjustable workstations promote concentration and productivity at work. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12611000632998.

title: Breaking up workplace sitting time with intermittent standing bouts improves @entity85 in overweight/ XXXX office workers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['SIT condition']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in fatigue levels']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['levels of fatigue, musculoskeletal discomfort']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: The release of the complete genome sequence of @entity958 enabled the largest @entity969 synthase family described to date, comprising six distinct members, for which expression profiles were not yet available, to be identified. Aimed at understanding the precise function of each AtSUS member among the family, a comparative study of protein structure was performed, together with an expression profiling of the whole gene family using the technique of real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Transcript levels were analysed in several plant organs, including both developing and germinating seeds. A series of treatments such as @entity26 deprivation, dehydration, cold treatment, or various sugar feedings were then carried out to characterize the members of the family further. The AtSUS genes exhibit distinct but partially redundant expression profiles. Under anaerobic conditions, for instance, both @entity27108 and @entity27111 mRNA levels increase, but in a distinct manner. @entity27109 is specifically and highly induced in seeds at 12 d after flowering and appears as a marker of seed maturation. @entity27110 seems to be induced in various organs under dehydration conditions including leaves deprived of water or submitted to osmotic stress as well as late-maturing seeds. @entity27112 and @entity27113 are expressed in nearly all plant organs and do not exhibit any transcriptional response to stresses. These results add new insights on the expression of SUS genes and are discussed in relation to distinct functions for each member of the AtSUS family.

title: Structure and expression profile of the @entity969 synthase multigene family in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: Prevalence of @entity164 2 @entity6 (T2DM) in @entity1 and adolescents has increased, parallelled to the increased prevalence of @entity28 around the world. The objectives of this study are (1) to identify the clinical presenting features of T2DM in Thai @entity1 and adolescents, and (2) to identify evidence of feature of @entity209 in these affected. We analyzed 26 T2DM @entity1 who were treated by Pediatric endocrinologists in our hospital. The study showed that their mean ages (+/- SD) at diagnosis was 12.1 +/- 2.3 years, all were @entity28 and 96% had acanthosis nigricans. Fifty three percents (53%) presented with clinical signs and symptoms which included DKA (19.2%), clinical triad of @entity2011 , @entity4683 and weight loss (15.4%), only @entity2011 , @entity4683 (11.5%) and abnormal menstruation (7%). The rest of 46.2% had no clinical symptoms. The initial fasting or random plasma @entity413 found above diagnostic range in 84.5%, the rest of 15.5% were diagnosed by using oral @entity413 tolerance test. @entity2299 was found in 75%. Fifteen percents had no family history. Eighty percents had three or more than three features of @entity209 . In conclusions, clinical picture of @entity164 2 @entity6 in Thai youth varied from asymptomatic to severe illness (DKA). Almost all had clinical features of @entity209 . @entity28 has become @entity3082 in our population. Such clinical picture should alert all pediatricians to be aware of chronic diseases and for making an early diagnosis and preventing long-term complications in the future.

title: Clinical pictures of @entity164 2 XXXX in Thai @entity1 and adolescents is highly related to features of @entity209 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Childhood obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['Dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity4683 :: ('MESH:D059606', 'Disease') :: ['polydipsia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Some populations of brown seaweed species inhabit metal-polluted environments and can develop tolerance to metal stress, but the mechanisms by which this is accomplished are still to be elucidated. To address this, the responses of two strains of the model brown alga @entity26539 isolated from sites with different histories of metal contamination exposed to total copper (CuT) concentrations ranging between 0 and 2.4 M for 10 days were investigated. The synthesis of the metal-chelator phytochelatin (PCs) and relative levels of transcripts encoding the enzymes y-glutamylcysteine synthetase (y-GCS), @entity58407 ( @entity58407 ) and @entity1382 ( @entity1382 ) that participate in the PC biosynthetic pathway were measured, along with the effects on growth, and adsorption and uptake of Cu. Growth of strain LIA, from a pristine site in Scotland, was inhibited to a greater extent, and at lower concentrations, than that of Es524, isolated from a Cu-contaminated site in Chile. Concentrations of intra-cellular Cu were higher and the exchangeable fraction was lower in LIA than Es524, especially at the highest exposure levels. Total glutathione concentrations increased in both strains with Cu exposure, whereas total PCs levels were higher in Es524 than LIA; PC2 and PC3 were detected in Es524 but PC2 only was found in LIA. The greater production and levels of polymerisation of PCs in Es524 can be explained by the up-regulation of genes encoding for key enzymes involved in the synthesis of PCs. In Es524 there was an increase in the transcripts of y-GCS, @entity58407 and @entity1382 , particularly under high Cu exposure, whereas in LIA4 transcripts of y-GCS1 increased only slightly, y-GCS2 and @entity58407 decreased and @entity1382 did not change. The consequences of higher intra-cellular concentrations of Cu, lower production of PCs, and lower expression of enzymes involved in GSH-PCs synthesis may be contributing to an induced oxidative stress condition in LIA, which explains, at least in part, the observed sensitivity of LIA to Cu. Therefore, responses to Cu exposure in @entity26539 relate to the contamination histories of the locations from where the strains were isolated and differences in Cu exclusion and PCs production are in part responsible for the development of intra-specific resistance.

title: Response differences between XXXX populations to copper stress involve cellular exclusion and induction of the phytochelatin biosynthetic pathway.

entities_list: @entity26539 :: ('2880', 'Species') :: ['Ectocarpus siliculosus', 'E. siliculosus']

entities_list: @entity1382 :: ('MESH:D020159', 'Disease') :: ['phytochelatin synthase', 'PCS']

entities_list: @entity58407 :: ('MESH:C536835', 'Disease') :: ['GS', 'glutathione synthase']

answer: @entity26539 :: (2880,Species) :: ['Ectocarpus siliculosus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 6628 Background: Therapy-related @entity3052 (tAML) is an increasingly recognized consequence of chemoradiotherapy among @entity5 survivors but the latency period from antecedent diagnosis to its development is variable and not well-defined. Metaphase cytogenetics (MC) at tAML diagnosis effect prognosis, but the influence of the type of antecedent disorder for which treatment was previously given is less clear. METHODS: We assessed retrospectively whether the type of antecedent diagnosis requiring therapy that led to tAML was predictive of response and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) following development of tAML. RESULTS: Of 64 tAML @entity1 (pts) treated with 7+3 chemotherapy over a seven year period, 67% had prior chemo/radiotherapy for a @entity5 ( @entity5 ), 27% for a @entity1583 ( @entity1583 ), and 6% for an @entity792 ( @entity792 ). At tAML diagnosis, 18 pts (28%) had unfavorable MC, 33 (52%) intermediate, and 12 (19%) favorable, by CALGB risk criteria. The median latency from chemo/radiotherapy exposure to tAML was 4.7 years (range .5 - 41.5) and was inversely correlated to pt age (younger pts had longer latency, even if <65 years, Spearman r=-.42, p=.002). In multivariable analysis age at primary diagnosis (p<.001) and prior mitotic inhibitor exposure (p=.03) were predictors of shorter latency. Median age was 60 years, and 41 pts (64%) achieved CR. Age >60 was the only significant factor predictive of poor response. 2-year @entity1349 was 28%, with an estimated median @entity1349 of 11.7 months. Unfavorable MC (p=.01, hazard ratio (HR) 1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-2.73) and an antecedent @entity1583 or @entity792 (p=.04, HR 1.92, 95% CI 1.02-3.58) were independent predictors of inferior @entity1349 . There was a trend for worse @entity1349 among pts developing tAML 3-10 years following exposure, compared to tAML <3 or >10 years. Pts with unfavorable MC or with intermediate MC and tAML arising from @entity1583 or @entity792 had significantly worse median @entity1349 than pts with favorable MC or with intermediate MC and tAML arising from @entity5 (8.1 vs 20.8 months, p=.01, HR 2.24, 95%CI 1.21-4.15). CONCLUSIONS: The type of antecedent disorder for which pts receive therapy prior to development of tAML is relevant prognostically. Compared to pts treated for prior @entity5 , pts treated for prior @entity1583 or @entity792 exhibit worse @entity1349 to induction chemotherapy for tAML.

title: Influence of type of antecedent disorder on outcome of therapy-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['solid tumor', 'cancer', 'ST']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['HM', 'hematologic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['AI', 'autoimmune disorder']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['AML']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We started on year 2000 a Complex Intervention Program addressed at @entity101 control among our @entity1 . AIM: To compare the risk of @entity65 and of dying in @entity101 @entity1 under Program care. METHOD: We started follow-up of a cohort of 1922 @entity1 over 65 years in August 2000. Hipertension diagnosis was ascertained if @entity1 reported to be @entity101 , or was under anti @entity101 treatment or if he/she had two blood pressure measurements = 140/90 mm Hg. Cardiovascular events were considered to be admissions due to @entity301 , @entity299 or @entity64 . Incidence is reported by 100 @entity1 years follow-up. Relative risks between @entity101 and normotensive @entity1 were calculated and Cox regresi  n was used to adjust for potential confounders. We compared time to first cardiovascular event and to death with Log Rank Test. RESULTS: Fourty eight point three percent of @entity1 were @entity101 and differed from normotensive @entity1 as to age (79 (5) years vs. 77 (5) p < 0.001), proportion of @entity6 @entity1 (16.1% vs. 7.6% p < 0.001). Mean follow-up time was 28 months. Mortality RR was 1.04 (95% CI 0.69-1.58). As to incidence of @entity65 it was 1.86 in normotensive vs. 3.02 ( @entity4736 .62 95% CI 1.09-2.42). When adjusted by age, sex, smoking, dislipemia and @entity6 , OR was 1.3 (95% CI 0.86-1.98). CONCLUSIONS: @entity101 did not increase the risk in @entity65 among our @entity101 @entity1 at 2.3 years follow-up.

title: [Prevention of XXXX by an antihypertensive program in the elderly, a cohort study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular diseases']


abstract: @entity3 and @entity4963 are important causes of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised and @entity3124 @entity1 . The @entity5627 @entity5074 , @entity2380 , and @entity7143 are widely used for the treatment and prophylaxis of these @entity364 . Due to the variability of the pharmacokinetics of the @entity5627 among and within individual @entity1 , therapeutic drug monitoring is important for optimizing the efficacy and safety of antifungal treatment. A dried blood spot (DBS) analysis was developed and was clinically validated for @entity5074 , @entity2380 , and @entity7143 in 28 @entity1 . Furthermore, a questionnaire was administered to evaluate the @entity1 ' opinions of the sampling method. The DBS analytical method showed linearity over the concentration range measured for all @entity5627 . Results for accuracy and precision were within accepted ranges; samples were stable at room temperature for at least 12 days; and different hematocrit values and blood spot volumes had no significant influence. The ratio of the drug concentration in DBS samples to that in plasma was 1.0 for @entity5074 and @entity2380 and 0.9 for @entity7143 . Sixty percent of the @entity1 preferred DBS analysis as a sampling method; 15% preferred venous blood sampling; and 25% had no preferred method. There was significantly less perception of @entity158 with the DBS sampling method (P = 0.021). In conclusion, DBS analysis is a reliable alternative to venous blood sampling and can be used for therapeutic drug monitoring of @entity5074 , @entity2380 , and @entity7143 . @entity1 were satisfied with DBS sampling and had less @entity158 than with venous sampling. Most @entity1 preferred DBS sampling to venous blood sampling.

title: Dried blood spot analysis suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring of @entity5074 , XXXX , and @entity7143 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity4963 :: ('MESH:D058387', 'Disease') :: ['candidemia']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity5627 :: ('MESH:D014230', 'Chemical') :: ['triazoles']

entities_list: @entity7143 :: ('MESH:C101425', 'Chemical') :: ['posaconazole']

answer: @entity2380 :: (MESH:D015725,Chemical) :: ['fluconazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acticoat (Smith _ Nephew, Hull, UK) is a @entity575 -coated dressing reported to reduce @entity281 and exhibit antimicrobial activity in wounds. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to compare the efficacy ofacticoat and 1% @entity1217 (1% AgSD) for treatment of @entity121 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: The authors reviewed 50 @entity1 who had @entity121 than 25% admitted to Siriraj Burn Unit from May 2002 to September 2005. All @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: the acticoat treated group (25 @entity1 ) and the 1% @entity1217 treated group (25 @entity1 ). The 2 groups were compared for the etiology of burn wound, demographic data including age, sex, % Total Body Surface Area burn (TBSA%), cultured organisms, @entity2737 and outcome of Length Of hospital Stay (LOS) and level of @entity158 . RESULTS: The authors found no significant differences in age, TBSA (%) between both groups. 7 @entity1 (28%) developed @entity2737 . There were no differences in @entity2737 and LOS between both groups (p > 0.05). All of the @entity1 who developed @entity2737 responded well to targeted topical and systemic antibiotic treatment. The 1% AgSD treated group (6 of 25, 24%) obtained more split thickness skin graft to close the granulation defects compared to @entity1 who were treated with acticoat (4 of 25, 16%) but no statistical significance, p = 0.32). Average @entity158 scores in the acticoat treated groups were significantly lower than the 1% AgSD treated group (4 +/- 0.6 versus 5 +/- 0.7, respectively). CONCLUSION: The present study confirms the efficacy of acticoat treatment in @entity121 wound. The authors conclude that acticoat has an advantage of limiting the frequency of replacement of the dressing and provides a less painful alternative to wound care with 1% AgSD with comparable incidence of @entity2737 . This is due to its long wear time and the ease of application and removal.

title: Comparison of efficacy of 1% @entity1217 and Acticoat for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection', 'burn wound infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1217 :: ('MESH:D012837', 'Chemical') :: ['silver sulfadiazine']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['partial thickness burn wounds', 'partial thickness burn wounds less', 'partial thickness burn']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['partial-thickness burn wounds']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent @entity169 are rare. We report on a case of a 3-month-old male @entity1 suffering @entity169 (RINGH). Due to previous observations of an altered collagen metabolism in @entity547 @entity1 , a severe connective-tissue pathology in the @entity1 was hypothesised. METHODS: Hernial sac tissue of the @entity1 was analysed and compared to specimens from five @entity1 operated upon one-sided primary @entity169 (controls). In paraffin-embedded sections, we determined the distribution of collagen types I and III by crosspolarisation microscopy and the expression of @entity1476 ( @entity1476 ) by immunohistochemistry. In fibroblast cultures, expression of collagen types I and III and of @entity1476 was investigated by RT-PCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction) and zymography. Electron microscopical investigations were performed exemplarily in two fibroblast cultures to compare cell morphology. RESULTS: No differences in collagen I/III ratios between RINGH and controls were found either on protein or on mRNA level. Immunohistochemical and RT-PCR analysis of @entity1476 showed a lowered expression in the RINGH @entity1 , as compared to controls, whereas the gelatinolytic activity of @entity1476 did not differ between the groups. Electron microscopical investigations showed similar cell arrangement and morphology. CONCLUSIONS: To conclude, a marked biochemical correlate to a severe connective-tissue pathology in the @entity1 suffering @entity169 could not be found. With regard to the slight differences in the expression of @entity1476 , a possible role in the genesis of @entity169 cannot be ruled out.

title: A case of XXXX in infancy: investigations on collagen metabolism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia recurrence', 'inguinal hernias', 'inguinal hernias in early infancy', 'bilateral inguinal hernia recurrence']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-2', 'matrix metalloproteinase 2']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['bilateral inguinal hernia recurrence']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the correlation between @entity3493 (a transcriptional co-activator) expression and clinical/prognostic characteristics in surgically resected NSCLC @entity1 for the purpose of identifying @entity1 with increased risk of @entity5 recurrence and providing them with tailored therapy. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-nine completely resected NSCLC @entity1 were included in this study. @entity982 -embedded primary @entity5 tissues of @entity1 were supplied to produce a tissue microarray, and immunohistochemistry was used for the evaluation of @entity3493 expression. The clinical/prognostic significance of @entity3493 expression was analysed for statistical significance. Survival was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was used to assess differences in survival between the groups. The prognostic impact of clinicopathologic variables and @entity3493 expression was evaluated using a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: High expression of @entity3493 was associated with poor disease-free survival (p = 0.027) and overall survival (p = 0.006) in NSCLC @entity1 . Further analysis suggested that this difference in overall survival also existed in @entity1 with T2 (p = 0.040), positive lymph nodes (p = 0.023), stage IIIA (p = 0.003), @entity420 (p = 0.021), and a well-differentiated histological grade score (p = 0.011). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that low @entity3493 expression is an independent marker of better disease-free survival (relative risk = 0.628, p = 0.047) and overall survival (relative risk = 0.545, p = 0.024) in operable NSCLC @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Low @entity3493 expression is an independent prognostic marker of better survival in operable NSCLC @entity1 . The combination of clinicopathological TNM staging classification with @entity3493 expression may be useful in identifying @entity1 with increased risk of @entity5 recurrence to provide them with tailored therapy.

title: High expression of the transcriptional co-activator XXXX predicts poor survival in resectable non-small cell lung cancers.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3493 :: (2033,Gene) :: ['p300']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Very few reports have investigated the role of cell cycle regulators as biomarkers in @entity957 ( @entity957 ) of the larynx, a definite morphologic, uncommon, @entity957 . Lower expression of Ki67/ @entity1758 , a proliferation marker highly expressed in the majority of @entity5 , and @entity876 , a @entity5 suppressor protein that can induce an arrest of the G1-S transition, was related to a better prognosis in laryngeal @entity957 . In the head and neck, @entity13525 , a member of the @entity994 / @entity13525 family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, has emerged as an independent prognostic factor, able to identify low-expressing @entity5 with unfavourable course. Up to date the role of this protein was never studied in @entity957 . Aim of our study was to investigate the potential prognostic value of @entity13525 levels and their correlation with Ki67/ @entity1758 and @entity876 expression in @entity957 of the larynx. METHODS: The retrospective study group consisted of 15 male and 1 female @entity1 , affected by laryngeal @entity957 , ranging in age from 44 to 69 years (mean 58). The @entity5 originated from the supraglottis in thirtheen cases and from the glottis in the remaining three. Ten @entity1 had metastatic cervical lymph nodes at presentation and were classified as N+. Post surgical stage was IV in four @entity1 , III in nine, II in two cases and I in the remaining one. Follow-up ranged from a minimum of 5 months up to 9 years. Paraffin-embedded tissue sections of each laryngeal @entity5 were analyzed for p27kip, Ki67/ @entity1758 and @entity876 expression by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The immunohistochemical study showed @entity13525 expression in 40% of the @entity1 with @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and in none (0%) of the @entity1 dead of disease (DOD), whilst @entity876 was expressed in 60% of @entity1 in @entity66 status and in 90% of @entity1 in DOD status. Ki67/ @entity1758 was positive in 80% of @entity66 @entity1 and in 100% of DOD @entity1 . At multivariate analysis, performed by means of Discriminant analysis, low levels of @entity13525 expression significantly correlated with poor prognosis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity13525 protein has been shown to be a significant independent prognostic factor in laryngeal SCC. In our series of laryngeal @entity957 the resulting data seem to confirm the clinical prognostic relevance of @entity13525 low expression, which directly correlated with biological @entity146 and consequent shortened survival.

title: Prognostic value of XXXX expression in @entity957 of the larynx.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['NED', 'no evidence of disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['very aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma', 'BSCC', 'Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma']

answer: @entity13525 :: (1027,Gene) :: ['p27Kip1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 3154 Background: For the last 3.5 years we have participated a compassionate use program of @entity4562 , an orally active @entity470 (epidermal growth factor receptor @entity4149 kinase inhibitor), for the treatment of advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) as monotherapy. We herby report our experience. METHODS: One hundred and eighty one @entity1 (median age 64.0 years; M:F, 53:47%) were treated between June 2001 and November 2003. 91 (50.3%) @entity1 reported receiving previous chemotherapy. @entity4562 (Iressa) was given as first-line treatment to elderly @entity1 or in the presence of poor performance status or serious comorbidity. The active disease sites were lung, bones, brain, @entity1143 and liver. Treatment with @entity4562 (250 mg/day) continued until disease progression or unacceptable @entity137 . RESULTS: Median duration of treatment was 60 days (range 3-304) (35% of @entity1 were treated for >90 days). Tolerability was excellent. Mild @entity1910 and @entity390 were the most frequent side effects. Only 6.8% of @entity1 discontinued treatment as a result of excessive side effects. Complete response (CR), partial response (PR), and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) were observed in 3/181 (1.7%), 22/181 (12.2%) and 40/181 (22.1%) of @entity1 , respectively, giving a clinical benefit rate (CBR) of 36%. CBR was 38.5% for @entity1 previously treated with chemotherapy. For @entity1 treated for more than 60 days, response rate (CR+PR) was 19.3. Median duration of response was 3.5 months (range 3.0-15.0) and of @entity66 4.5 months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4562 monotherapy is an effective treatment for advanced @entity1149 producing a CBR of 36% both in pretreated and not treated @entity1 . It is well tolerated even in heavily pretreated, elderly @entity1 and or in the presence of serious comorbidity. 50.8% of @entity1 were treated for <2 months, which might be too short to be effective. It is possible that a higher response rate could be achieved if @entity4562 had been started immediately after previous chemotherapy, rather than after further disease progression. @entity4562 offers @entity1 with @entity1149 an effective modality where other options hardly exist. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: The Israeli experience with @entity4562 ( XXXX ) as single agent treatment of advanced @entity1149 -a 3 years report.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib', 'Gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['acneiform rash']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'stable disease']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity4562 :: (MESH:C419708,Chemical) :: ['ZD1839']


abstract: A new dosage form of activated @entity505 particles adsorbing @entity1138 ( @entity19614 ) was studied for its therapeutic effects on peritoneal dissemination in both animal experiments and preliminary clinical trials. @entity95 with peritoneal dissemination induced by intraperitoneal transplanted VX2 @entity189 were used as experimental models. Seven days after intraperitoneal transplantation of VX2 @entity189 , @entity1138 at 1 mg/kg in the form of @entity19614 or at 0.185 mg/kg in the form of @entity1138 aqueous solution was given intraperitoneally. The two doses were equal in @entity137 . @entity19614 extended survival time statistically significantly longer than did @entity1138 aqueous solution. Preliminary clinical trial with @entity19614 has been made in eight @entity1 with @entity356 and peritoneal dissemination, with no control group. @entity19614 , 60 to 100 mg/ @entity1 , was given intraperitoneally before the surgical wound was closed. @entity1 were observed for more than 1 year. Five of the eight @entity1 survived more than 1 year, and the mean survival time was 13.9 months, whereas in the @entity1 treated previously without @entity19614 the 1-year survival rate was 17% and the mean survival time was 6.5 months. Side effects were temporary and tolerable.

title: Intraoperative chemotherapy with @entity505 particles adsorbing XXXX for @entity356 with peritoneal dissemination in @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Understanding the mortality patterns of @entity1 with @entity706 and @entity1582 , who have undergone autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) might identify improvement opportunities. @entity1 AND METHODS: The present retrospective study included @entity1 with @entity706 and @entity1582 , aged  >=  18 years, who had undergone ASCT from 1983 to 2010 at the University of Nebraska Medical Center. Of the 2284 @entity1 , 972 had died within first 5 years after ASCT. The @entity1 were divided into 3 cohorts according to the time of transplantation: 1983 to 1990 (cohort I), 1991 to 2000 (cohort II), and 2001 to 2010 (cohort III). Using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, the risk of cause-specific mortality was compared across the 3 cohorts. RESULTS: Of a total of 1215 deaths, 972 (80%) occurred within the first 5 years after ASCT. Disease relapse (73.4%), organ failure (7.8%), @entity281 (4.7%), and secondary malignancy (4.2%) accounted for most of the deaths. The risk of @entity204 from @entity281 (P  < .0001), but not from relapse (P  = .26), organ failure (P  = .68), or secondary malignancy (P  = .15), had declined in the more recent cohorts. CONCLUSION: The 5-year overall survival of @entity1 undergoing ASCT has improved significantly owing to a decline in infectious mortality. Our results highlight that the mortality from relapse remains the most common cause of @entity204 , warranting investigation of different strategies to reduce the incidence of relapse and improve the therapy for relapse after ASCT.

title: Mortality Patterns Among Recipients of Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for XXXX in the Past Three Decades.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Lymphoma and Myeloma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate how normal @entity409 visibility on 3  T diffusion-weighted images (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) quantification are influenced by age, gender, and @entity68 content. METHODS: Between February 2011 and April 2013, 86 @entity1 (52 @entity1 ) with normal livers who underwent respiratory-triggered abdominal 3  T DWI (b   =   0, 150, 600, 1,000  s/mm(2)) were retrospectively included. Normal liver and spleen parenchyma visibility was scored independently by two readers. Correlations between visibility scores or ADC with age, gender, T2*, or recent serum ferritin (SF) were investigated. RESULTS: Liver visibility scores in b   =   1,000  s/mm(2) images correlated with the age (Spearman R   =   -0.56 in @entity1 , -0.45 in @entity1 ), T2* (R   =   0.75) and SF (R   =   -0.64) and were significantly higher in @entity1 (P   <   0.01). SF and T2* were within normal values (T2*: 13 - 31  ms, SF: 14 - 230   g/L). Liver ADC correlated with visibility scores (R   =   0.69) and T2* (R   =   0.64) and was age- and gender-dependent. ADC ROI standard deviation negatively correlated with visibility scores (R   =   -0.65) and T2* (R   =   -0.62). The spleen visibility did not depend on age or gender. CONCLUSIONS: Normal @entity409 visibility in DWI is age- and gender-dependent, according to the @entity68 content. Visibility scores and @entity68 content significantly affect ADC quantification in the normal liver. KEY POINTS:     Normal DWI liver visibility is gender-dependent and superior in @entity1 .     In @entity1 , normal DWI liver visibility is superior before age 50  years     Normal DWI liver visibility negatively correlates with normal range @entity68 content markers     Liver ADC quantification depends on liver @entity68 content even within normal range.     Normal liver T2* is age- and gender-dependent.

title: Normal hepatic parenchyma visibility and ADC quantification on diffusion-weighted MRI at 3  T: influence of age, gender, and XXXX content.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver parenchyma']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical signifi cance of high negative pressure drainage system (PFM) in treatment of @entity135 and @entity86 . METHODS: Th e clinical data of 35 @entity1 with neck abscess from June, 2012 to January, 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the site of the abscess in @entity1 , a small incision drainage combined PFM were used, and the antibiotics were used at the same time to strengthen systemic support treatment. Th e complications were treated by the related departments, and the application of topical silicone gel incision aft er operation lasted for 3-6 months. RESULTS: Th irty-fi ve @entity1 healed aft er the above treatment in 7-14 d. Th e eff ective cure rate was 100%. Th e post-operation followed up for 6 months -1 year and no surgical incision scar was found. CONCLUSION: Small incision drainage combined with PFM show the superiority of minimal invasion for the treatment of @entity86 without the needs of replacing the gauze and drainage bottle, and physiological activities are not affected in the suffering @entity1 . The method can significantly reduce the @entity158 of @entity1 during the change of medical prescription and the physician workload. It has the advantages of @entity446 , shorter hospital staying, without obvious @entity854 . The method is especially useful for deep and large abscess, and it is better than the traditional treatment methods.

title: [Treatment of the XXXX and surgery scar by high negative pressure drainage system].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric neck abscess']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['scar and abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative abscess drainage', 'postoperative scar']

entities_list: @entity446 :: ('MESH:C563468', 'Disease') :: ['faster healing']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['pediatric neck abscess']


abstract: AIMS: Estimate the incidence, risk factors and clinical features of @entity883 ( @entity883 ) disease in Australian @entity1 and compare bacterial genotypes between @entity1 disease and maternal carriage. METHODS: The Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit conducted a study of invasive @entity883 in @entity1 aged 0-90 days between July 2005 and June 2008. Clinical data were obtained by questionnaire. @entity883 isolates from affected @entity1 and antenatal carriers were referred for genotyping. RESULTS: One hundred fifty confirmed cases were reported: 88 early-onset (EOD; 0-6 days) and 62 late-onset disease (LOD). Based on review of selected laboratory records, they represented    1/3 of all cases. Estimated national EOD and LOD rates were 0.38 and 0.19/1000 live births, respectively. Admission to intensive care was common (44%), and 7% of @entity1 died. One or more obstetric indications for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) were identified in 51% of mothers; 53% of mothers were screened for @entity883 carriage, and screening was positive in 45%; only 25% of @entity1 with clinical or microbiological risk factors were given IAP (no significant differences between EOD and LOD groups). Distribution of @entity883 genotypes differed significantly between invasive and vaginal isolates: virulent serosubtype III-2/sequence type 17 was strongly associated with LOD but uncommon among EOD and vaginal isolates. CONCLUSIONS: Estimated @entity883 rates remain relatively low despite poor predictive values of clinical and microbiological criteria for, and compliance with, IAP. Clinical and microbiological epidemiology of LOD differs significantly from that of EOD. Further reduction in @entity1 morbidity and mortality from @entity883 will require new strategies.

title: Group B streptococcal disease and genotypes in Australian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['group B streptococcal', 'GBS disease', 'GBS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Plasmids containing the bacterial @entity6283 gene under control of the @entity2235 promoter were transfected into a @entity2235 -transformed @entity1 fibroblast line. Two transfectants, @entity60546 , which contain stably integrated single copies of the @entity6283 gene, were isolated. These two lines produce @entity6283 - variants spontaneously with a frequency of about 10(-4). We carried out a detailed molecular analysis of the spectrum of alterations which gave rise to the @entity6283 - phenotype in these variants. DNA from 14 of 19 @entity6283 - derivatives of one of the cell lines (E2) contains deletions or rearrangements of @entity6283 -containing sequences. In four of the remaining five lines, the @entity6283 - phenotype was correlated with reduced levels of expression rather than with changes in the gross structure of the @entity6283 gene, and it was possible to reactivate the @entity6283 gene. In one @entity6283 - line, @entity6283 mRNA was present at normal levels, but no active enzyme was produced. Spontaneous @entity6283 - derivatives of the other cell line ( @entity23882 ) produced a completely different spectrum of alterations. Very few deletions were found, but several derivatives contained additional extrachromosomal @entity6283 sequences, and, remarkably, in two other @entity6283 - lines, @entity6283 -containing sequences were amplified more than 100-fold. The phenotypes of the majority of the @entity6283 - derivatives of @entity23882 could be attributed to alterations in gene expression caused by methylation.

title: Inactivation of a transfected gene in XXXX fibroblasts can occur by deletion, amplification, phenotypic switching, or methylation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Dual visuomotor channel theory proposes that reaching depends on two neural pathways that extend from visual cortex (V1) to motor cortex via the parietal lobe. The Reach pathway directs the hand to the target's location and the @entity49583 pathway shapes the hand and digits for purchase. Sighted @entity1 @entity1 integrate the Reach and the  @entity49583 , but without vision they dissociate the movements to capitalize on tactile cues. They use a Reach with a relatively open  hand to locate the target and then they use touch cues to shape the fingers to @entity49583 . After a V1 lesion, the @entity2608 , Helen, learned to make near-normal visual discriminations based on size and brightness but displayed @entity227 . She also learned to reach for food with her mouth and her hands. The present analysis of film of her reaching behavior shows that she dissociated the Reach and the @entity49583 , as do unsighted @entity1 @entity1 reaching for a food target at a fixed location. Her rapid and direct Reach was made with an open hand and extended fingers to contact the food with the palm whereas her @entity49583 was initiated after she touched the food. She also visually fixated the target during the Reach and visually disengaged after target contact, as do sighted @entity1 @entity1 . In contrast, Helen  did integrate the  Reach and the  @entity49583 to take food from her mouth, demonstrating that she could integrate the movements using online tactile cues. The finding that extrastriate pathways can direct the hand toward extrinsic target properties (location) but not intrinsic target properties (size and shape) is discussed as a novel addition to dual visuomotor channel theory.

title: Dissociation of the Reach and the XXXX in the destriate (V1) monkey Helen: a new anatomy for the dual visuomotor channel theory of reaching.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkey']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual agnosia']

answer: @entity49583 :: (160622,Gene) :: ['Grasp']


abstract: There is a growing interest in the function of antioxidants and free radicals and their roles in the development of @entity4288 . Oxidised LDL- @entity165 and @entity1474 may be involved in the development of @entity75 . The potential of antioxidant vitamins to prevent @entity65 has been the subject of many studies. Up to now the results of different in vitro and in vivo studies remain controversial. For the first time, measurements of the concentrations of lipophilic antioxidants @entity1881 ( @entity270 ) and @entity2066 ( @entity33662 ) in fat-tissue have been used as an approach. This method is believed to provide an average of the antioxidant intake over a longer period of time and probably reflects steady-state levels rather than intake. A case-control study was conducted using first occurrence of @entity583 in @entity1 as disease endpoint. In the swiss part of EURAMIC, cases were recruited in collaboration with the hospitals of Zurich. Controls were chosen randomly from the population register of Zurich. Fifty-seven male cases and 74 male controls were enrolled in the protocol. The classical risk factors showed the expected pattern. Levels for @entity2066 were significantly lower in the @entity1 group (0.36 microgram/g biopsy versus 0.52 microgram/g biopsy in controls, p < or = 0.02). In contrast, levels for @entity1881 were similar in both groups (237.5 micrograms/g biopsy in @entity1 and 233.4 micrograms/g biopsy in controls). The Swiss @entity1881 levels were the highest of all participating centres. Analyses of the questionnaires showed significantly higher consumption of @entity620 supplements in the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Do antioxidants protect against XXXX ? Swiss contribution to the EURAMIC Study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity33662 :: ('CHEBI:67200', 'Chemical') :: ['provitamin A']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarct']


abstract: @entity1110 oxidase is one of the critical enzymes mediating cellular production of reactive @entity26 species and has a central role in @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ) cell proliferation. Since reactive @entity26 species also affect @entity3960 contractile response, we hypothesized a regulatory role of @entity1110 oxidase in @entity3960 contractility. We therefore studied @entity3960 function in wild-type @entity19 (C57BL/6J) and @entity19 deficient in a component ( @entity19994 ) of @entity1110 oxidase. In histological sections of the @entity825 , we found that the area occupied by @entity3960 was 17% more in @entity14099 (phox-/-) than in wild-type @entity19 . After correcting for the difference in @entity3960 content, we found that force generation did not vary between the two genotypes. Similarly, their @entity3960 shortening velocity, maximal power, and sensitivity to @entity934 , as well as airway responsiveness to @entity2710 in vivo, were not significantly different. The main finding of this study was a significantly reduced @entity3960 relaxation in @entity19994 -/- compared with wild-type @entity19 both during the stimulus and after the end of stimulation. The tension relaxation attained at the 20th second of electric field stimulation was, respectively, 17.6 +/- 2.4 and 9.2 +/- 2.3% in null and wild-type @entity19 (P <0.01 by t-test). Similar significant differences were found in the rate of tension relaxation and the time required to reduce tension by one-half. Our data suggest that @entity1110 oxidase may have a role in the structural arrangement and mechanical properties of the airway tissue. Most importantly, we report the first evidence that the @entity19994 subunit of @entity1110 oxidase plays a role in @entity3960 relaxation.

title: Airway smooth muscle relaxation is impaired in @entity19 lacking the XXXX subunit of @entity1110 oxidase.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3960 :: ('MESH:D018235', 'Disease') :: ['airway smooth muscle', 'ASM']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity19994 :: (17969(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['p47phox']


abstract: Adult brown trout (300_600 g) were acclimated for 2 weeks to an artificial soft water ( @entity141 , 50 _micro;mol l-1) and maintained at either 5 _C (October to March) or 15 _C (May to August). Following insertion of a cannula into the dorsal aorta under @entity38230 anaesthesia and a recovery period of 2 days, the fish were exposed to a 4 day episode of sub-lethal @entity920 levels at pH 5 or kept at control conditions of pH 7 without @entity920 . The @entity920 concentrations had been predetermined by @entity137 testing and were approximately 0.47 _micro;mol l-1 at 5 _C and 0.08 _micro;mol l-1 at 15 _C. At 5 _C, a group of fish was also exposed to approximately 0.08 _micro;mol l-1 @entity920 at pH 5. Plasma total @entity3265 (Tamm) concentration was significantly elevated by exposure to @entity920 and pH 5. In resting trout exposed to the appropriate sub-lethal @entity920 concentration at pH 5, Tamm was six and 7.5 times greater at 5 and 15 _C, respectively, than those of control trout at the respective temperatures. Although unconfirmed, an elevation of @entity3265 production alone seems unlikely to account for such substantial increases. From previous studies, there is little evidence of impairment of respiratory gas exchange in trout exposed to these @entity920 concentrations and yet, in the acidic test waters, the gradient of @entity3655 partial pressure between fish and water was 5.5_6 times greater than that under control conditions. Swimming performance determined by the critical swimming speed (Ucrit) was reduced by @entity920 and acid exposure, and a significant relationship existed between Ucrit and the plasma @entity3265 concentration of exercised trout. Ammonium ions influence several key enzymes involved in energy metabolism, and elevated @entity3265 levels might, therefore, reduce the capacity of muscle to exercise. Alternatively, @entity3265 may have affected the nervous coordination of exercise either centrally or by disrupting peripheral motor innervation.

title: Plasma XXXX concentration in brown trout in soft acidic water and its relationship to decreased swimming performance

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity3265 :: (MESH:D000641,Chemical) :: ['ammonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Large dose application of traditional Chinese medicines has attracted more and more attentions in recent years. However, the scientific connotation of large dose application has not been clarified so far. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of Chi-Dan-Tui-Huang decoction (CDTHD) against @entity21782 ( @entity21783 ) induced @entity99 in @entity35 and explore the dose-effect relationship of CDTHD as a reference for clinical application. METHODS: The administration of CDTHD at a series of doses was performed twice each day for 5  days. The acute @entity99 models were induced by intragastric administration of @entity21783 on the third day of CDTHD administration. Then, the protective effects on @entity1448 were investigated by examining the following parameters: body weights of @entity35 , morphological and histopathological liver changes, the levels of serum biomarkers including @entity3929 aminotransferase, @entity5906 aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total @entity648 , direct @entity648 and y-glutamyltranspeptidase. Furthermore, the dose-effect relationship was investigated with the application of correspondence analysis. RESULT: In the tested range of doses, CDTHD at the maximum tolerance dose did not show any @entity137 as time went on. The efficacy result showed that CDTHD from 21.6  g/kg   d to 86.4  g/kg   d exhibited significant hepatoprotective effect against @entity21783 -induced @entity99 . It alleviated @entity99 and reversed adverse biochemical and histopathological changes in a dose-dependent manner. Correspondence analysis showed that Radix Paeoniae Rubra in CDTHD was the main effective component and CDTHD could enhance the integrated efficacy in dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: CDTHD is beneficial to liver protection in a dose-dependent manner. Especially large dose demonstrates potent efficacy and Radix Paeoniae Rubra in the formula contributes the main effect on @entity21783 -induced @entity99 without @entity137 .

title: Large dose means significant effect--dose and effect relationship of Chi-Dan-Tui-Huang decoction on XXXX -induced @entity1448 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity21782 :: ('MESH:D015058', 'Chemical') :: ['Alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestatic hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury', 'acute cholestatic hepatitis', 'cholestasic hepatitis']

answer: @entity21782 :: (MESH:D015058,Chemical) :: ['alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cause of persistent @entity1712 and the @entity5441 is unknown. Recent work suggests that in some @entity1 with the @entity5441 , a clone of abnormal T cells produces large amounts of @entity225 , a cytokine required for the growth and differentiation of eosinophils. We examined T-cell surface markers, rearranged T-cell-receptor genes, and in vitro production of cytokines by T cells from @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1712 . METHODS: The expression of surface molecules on T cells was measured by flow cytometry. Cytokine expression was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemical analysis. To identify dominant (clonal) rearrangements of the T-cell receptor within the lymphocyte population, Southern blot analysis (beta chain) and the polymerase chain reaction (gamma chain) were performed according to standard protocols. RESULTS: Among 60 @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1712 , 16 had circulating T cells with an aberrant immunophenotype. In each of these @entity1 , the abnormal immunophenotype was unique. Evidence of clonal rearrangements of the T-cell receptor was obtained in 8 of the 16 @entity1 . In most instances, the abnormal T cells expressed large amounts of surface proteins associated with T-cell activation (the @entity7722 of the interleukin-2 receptor and the HLA-DR antigen). Moreover, the aberrant T cells produced large amounts of @entity225 in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Clonal populations of abnormal T cells producing @entity225 occur in some @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1712 .

title: Abnormal clones of T cells producing @entity225 in idiopathic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5441 :: ('MESH:D017681', 'Disease') :: ['hypereosinophilic syndrome']

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['eosinophilia']