abstract: 1. The role of @entity369 -vasopressin in the pathogenesis of malignant @entity8147 ( @entity4420 ) @entity101 of @entity35 was investigated. 2. In @entity35 with malignant @entity4420 @entity101 plasma @entity369 -vasopressin concentrations increased more than tenfold subsequent to volume depletion and a rise of serum osmolality. 3. The injection of a specific antibody serum for @entity369 -vasopressin caused a marked fall of blood pressure in @entity35 with malignant @entity4420 @entity101 , whereas the injection of @entity1808 antiserum did not affect blood pressure. 4. In @entity35 exhibiting a benign course of @entity4420 @entity101 plasma concentrations of @entity369 -vasopressin were increased threefold in comparison with normotensive control @entity35 ; the injection of an @entity369 -vasopressin antiserum induced a significant but small fall of blood pressure. 5. It is concluded that in the pathogenesis of malignant @entity4420 @entity101 @entity369 -vasopressin might play the role that the renin-angiotensin system plays in the pathogenesis of @entity4815 .

title: Vasopressin and malignant @entity8147 XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4815 :: ('MESH:D006977', 'Disease') :: ['malignant renal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity8147 :: ('MESH:D003900', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxycorticosterone']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Diverse @entity591 ( @entity591 ) can develop after open heart surgery. The aim of our study was to examine the determinants of the mechanism of postoperative @entity1129 . METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred @entity1 with @entity1129 occurring at least 3 months after open heart surgery were studied. @entity1 were grouped according to the atrial incision applied at the time of surgery. During 127 electrophysiology procedures, 151 @entity591 were studied. Eighty-eight @entity1 had cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI)-dependent @entity956 ( @entity956 ), 49 @entity1 had at least one non-CTI-dependent @entity956 and 11 @entity1 had focal @entity1129 . While CTI-dependent @entity956 was equally prevalent across groups, the finding of a non-CTI-dependent @entity956 was progressively more common as more extensive atriotomy was applied (p   <   0.001). Among @entity1 who had right atrial (RA) operations, RA incisional @entity591 was the most common non-CTI-dependent circuit, while the finding of perimitral or left atrial (LA) roof-dependent @entity956 was associated with LA atriotomy (p   =   0.002 and p   =   0.041, respectively). After adjustment for possible confounders, surgical group remained independent predictor of non-CTI-dependent AFLs (p   <   0.001). No predictor was identified for focal @entity1129 , which originated from typical predilection sites and in 36% from the vicinity of surgical scar. Radiofrequency ablation was highly effective for all @entity591 , but the recurrence rate of @entity956 and @entity955 was high at 22% and 27%, respectively, during 19        15 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION: While CTI-dependent @entity956 is the most common @entity1129 late after open heart surgery, atypical @entity956 becomes progressively more common with more extensive atriotomy. Right atrial incisional @entity591 is the dominant non-CTI-dependent @entity956 after opening of the RA, while a perimitral or roof-dependent LA circuit can be expected after LA operations.

title: Surgical technique and the mechanism of XXXX late after open heart surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['ATs', 'atrial tachycardias', 'tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter', 'AFL']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['atrial tachycardia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to review long-term results of total colectomy and end ileostomy for @entity30 . METHODS: Sixty-nine @entity1 who underwent total colectomy and end ileostomy with an oversewn rectal stump for @entity30 between 1962 and 1997 were reviewed. @entity260 , fate of the rectum or small-bowel recurrence, factors affecting complications and recurrence rates, and risk of @entity189 are discussed. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 had an emergency colectomy. There were no operative or postoperative deaths. In all except five @entity1 symptoms were rapidly relieved. The commonest postoperative complication was an intra-abdominal sepsis (12%). Only five @entity1 (7%) underwent ileorectal anastomosis, of whom two required proctectomy later. Overall, 37 @entity1 (54%) required proctectomy, with a median duration of 2 years. Sixteen @entity1 (23%) developed small-bowel recurrence requiring surgery, with a median duration of 6.8 years. None of the following factors affected the proctectomy rate: sex, age at operation, duration of symptoms, smoking, perforating disease, coexisting @entity29 , @entity4272 , @entity66 , @entity260 , or medical treatment. Youth was the only factor associated with a significantly higher reoperation rate for small-bowel recurrence. One @entity1 developed an @entity420 in a @entity3622 , which was curatively resected at proctectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Total colectomy and end ileostomy is a safe and effective procedure. However, a few @entity1 underwent ileorectal anastomosis, and half of the @entity1 required proctectomy. The small-bowel recurrence rate is low. Regular surveillance of the retained rectum is advised because of a small @entity5 risk.

title: Long-term outcome of total colectomy and ileostomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['perianal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative proctitis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['small-bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['emergency operation, postoperative complications', 'Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3622 :: ('MESH:D012006', 'Disease') :: ['rectovaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['Crohn disease']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Saphenous vein, in situ right @entity432 , and right internal thoracic artery grafts are routinely used to revascularize the right coronary artery. Little is known about the predictive value of objective preoperative angiographic parameters on midterm graft patency. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 210 consecutive @entity1 undergoing coronary revascularization. Revascularization of the right coronary artery was randomly performed with the saphenous vein grafts in 81 @entity1 and the right @entity432 in 92 @entity1 . During the same study period, 37 @entity1 received right coronary artery revascularization with the right internal thoracic artery used in a Y-composite fashion. All @entity1 underwent a protocol-driven coronary angiogram 3 years after surgery. Preoperative angiographic parameters included minimum lumen diameter percent stenosis measured by quantitative angiography. A graft was considered "not functional" with patency scores of 0 to 2 and "functional" with patency scores of 3 or 4. RESULTS: Angiographic follow-up was 100% complete. A significant difference in the distribution of flow patterns was observed in the 3 groups. In multivariate analysis, the use of a saphenous vein graft was associated with superior graft functionality compared with the other conduits (odds ratio, 6.1; 95% confidence interval, 2.4-15). Graft function was negatively influenced by the minimum lumen diameter (odds ratio, 0.11; confidence interval, 0.05-0.25). In the right @entity432 and right internal thoracic artery groups, the proportion of functional grafts was higher when the minimum lumen diameter was below a threshold value in the third minimum lumen diameter quartile (0.64-1.30 mm). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative angiography predicts graft patency in the right @entity432 and right internal thoracic artery, whereas the flow pattern in saphenous vein grafts is significantly less influenced by quantitative angiographic parameters.

title: Angiographic predictors of 3-year patency of bypass grafts implanted on the right coronary artery system: a prospective randomized comparison of XXXX , saphenous vein, and right internal thoracic artery grafts.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['gastroepiploic artery']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['gastroepiploic artery']


abstract: Four unrelated @entity1 were thought to have @entity1092 -associated hepatotoxicity. They presented with recurrent partial secondarily generalized @entity159 and @entity10895 partialis @entity10895 followed by mental and motor regression. Despite treatment with multiple antiepileptic medications, they continued to have @entity410 . After initiation of @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ), all 4 manifested @entity1578 within 3 months. Two of these @entity1 each had 1 sibling who was not exposed to @entity2052 , but who developed the same clinical picture including @entity1578 . At the time of autopsy, all 6 @entity1 had similar neuropathological findings with focal areas of spongiosis and @entity528 , @entity5219 , and @entity5718 . One @entity2052 -treated @entity1 underwent a successful liver transplantation only to die from relentlessly progressive @entity16 . We propose that many of the reported @entity1 with @entity2052 -associated hepatotoxicity represent undiagnosed @entity1 with early childhood @entity2360 , the Huttenlocher variant of @entity29409 . This disease manifests by obstinate partial @entity410 , recurrent partial secondarily generalized @entity159 , @entity10895 partialis @entity10895 , @entity1155 , and @entity409 that is exacerbated by @entity2052 administration. The accelerated demise from @entity1578 in the nontransplanted @entity1 before the central nervous system pathology fully evolves makes the diagnosis of this rare condition difficult. The occurrence of disease in the unexposed siblings suggests recessive inheritance.

title: Early childhood @entity2360 misdiagnosed as XXXX hepatotoxicity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate', 'valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity5219 :: ('MESH:D005911', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse gliosis']

entities_list: @entity10895 :: ('MESH:D017036', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsia', 'continua']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity29409 :: ('OMIM:203700', 'Disease') :: ["Alpers' syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocerebral degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor deterioration']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

entities_list: @entity5718 :: ('MESH:C536595', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer type II cells']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['valproate']


abstract: Aspartoacylase catalyzes the deacetylation of @entity6284 ( @entity14728 ) to produce @entity598 and @entity14424 and is the only brain enzyme that has been shown to effectively metabolize @entity14728 . Although the exact role of this enzymatic reaction has not yet been completely elucidated, the metabolism of @entity14728 appears to be necessary in the formation of myelin lipids, and defects in this enzyme lead to @entity7495 , a fatal @entity16 . The low catalytic activity and inherent instability observed with the @entity526 -expressed form of aspartoacylase suggested the need for a suitable eukaryotic expression system that would be capable of producing a fully functional, mature enzyme. @entity1 aspartoacylase has now been successfully expressed in @entity10056 . While the expression yields are lower than in @entity526 , the purified enzyme is significantly more stable. This enzyme form has the same substrate specificity but is 150-fold more active than the @entity526 -expressed enzyme. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme, measured by mass spectrometry, is higher than predicted, suggesting the presence of some post-translational modifications. Deglycosylation of aspartoacylase or mutation at the glycosylation site causes decreased enzyme stability and diminished catalytic activity. A @entity1735 component has been removed and characterized by mass spectrometry. In addition to this @entity1735 moiety, the enzyme has also been shown to contain one @entity219 atom per subunit. Chelation studies to remove the @entity219 result in a reversible loss of catalytic activity, thus establishing aspartoacylase as a @entity219 metalloenzyme.

title: Characterization of XXXX aspartoacylase: the brain enzyme responsible for @entity7495 .

entities_list: @entity10056 :: ('4922', 'Species') :: ['Pichia pastoris']

entities_list: @entity6284 :: ('CHEBI:21547', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylaspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity7495 :: ('MESH:D017825', 'Disease') :: ['Canavan disease']

entities_list: @entity14424 :: ('CHEBI:29991', 'Chemical') :: ['L-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Heart rate (HR) variability is impaired in chronic @entity453 ( @entity453 ), but the mechanism is not fully resolved. This study was aimed at assessing whether HR variability is influenced by the risk factors of @entity453 . Of a random sample of 120 subjects born in 1954, 88 (41 @entity1 and 47 @entity1 ) could be included in the analyses. No subject had clinical @entity299 . The subjects' physical activity, @entity167 consumption and smoking were quantified by 2-month diary follow-up. Serum lipids and insulin were measured. The tests of HR variability included power spectral analysis and calculation of the root-mean-square difference of RR intervals at rest under controlled respiration. HR variability indexes were asymmetrically distributed and strongly HR-dependent, and therefore, all statistical tests were performed on log-transformed data adjusted to the population mean HR. Multiple regression analyses showed independent inverse relations between the root-mean-square RR difference and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 (beta = -0.22; p = 0.008), and between the total RR-interval power and LDL @entity165 (beta = -0.25; p = 0.007), as well as smoking (beta = -0.19; p = 0.035). In @entity1 , @entity167 use influenced the RR-interval root-mean-square difference (beta = 0.31; p = 0.015), total power (beta = 0.33; p = 0.017) and high-frequency power (beta = 0.26; p = 0.056). It is concluded that short-term HR variability is related inversely to LDL @entity165 and smoking in the population, and directly to @entity167 use in @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Short-term heart rate variability and factors modifying the risk of XXXX in a population sample.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Regional @entity1792 anticoagulation (RCA) is a valid anticoagulation method in continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT) and different combination of @entity1792 and CRRT solutions can affect acid-base balance. Regardless of the anticoagulation protocol, @entity5886 occurs frequently in CRRT. In this case report, we evaluated safety and effects on acid-base balance of a new RCA- continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) protocol using an 18 mmol/L @entity1792 solution combined with a @entity1391 -containing replacement fluid. In our center, RCA-CVVH is routinely performed with a 12 mmol/L @entity1792 solution and a postdilution replacement fluid with @entity3157 (protocol A). In case of persistent @entity520 , not related to @entity1792 accumulation, @entity3157 infusion is scheduled. In order to optimize buffers balance, a new protocol has been designed using recently introduced solutions: 18 mmol/L @entity1792 solution, @entity1391 -containing postdilution replacement fluid with @entity3157 (protocol B). In a cardiac surgery @entity1 with @entity810 , acid-base status and electrolytes have been evaluated comparing protocol A (five circuits, 301 hours) vs. protocol B (two circuits, 97 hours): pH 7.39    0.03 vs. 7.44    0.03 (P < 0.0001), @entity3157 22.3    1.8 vs. 22.6    1.4 mmol/L (NS), Base excess -2.8    2.1 vs. -1.6    1.2 (P = 0.007), @entity1391 0.85    0.2 vs. 1.3    0.5 mmol/L (P = 0.027). Protocol A required @entity3157 and @entity10457 infusion (8.9    2.8 mmol/h and 5 g/day, respectively) while protocol B allowed to stop both supplementations. In comparison to protocol A, protocol B allowed to adequately control acid-base status without additional @entity3157 infusion and in absence of @entity5838 , despite the use of a standard @entity3157 concentration replacement solution. Furthermore, the combination of a @entity1391 -containing replacement fluid appeared effective to prevent @entity5886 .

title: Regional @entity1792 anticoagulation in CVVH: a new protocol combining @entity1792 solution with a XXXX -containing replacement fluid.

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity5886 :: ('MESH:D017674', 'Disease') :: ['hypophosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity10457 :: ('MESH:C018279', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium phosphate']

answer: @entity1391 :: (CHEBI:26020,Chemical) :: ['phosphate']


abstract: Neuron-specific in vitro screening strategies have the potential to accelerate the evaluation of chemicals for @entity2359 . We examined neurite outgrowth as a measure of neuronal response with a commercially available @entity35 cortex progenitor cell model, where cells were exposed to a chemical during a period of cell differentiation. In control cultures, the fraction of beta-III-tubulin positive neurons and their neurite length increased significantly with time, indicating differentiation of the progenitor cells. Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, an astrocyte marker, also increased significantly with time. By seeding progenitor cells at varying densities, we demonstrated that neurite length was influenced by cell-cell spacing. After ten days, cultures seeded at densities of 1000 cells/mm(2) or lower had significantly shorter neurites than cultures seeded at densities of 1250 cells/mm(2) or higher. Progenitor cells were exposed to @entity1091 , a neuroactive chemical with diverse modes of action. Cultures exposed to 30 mmol/L or 10 mmol/L @entity13557 ( @entity4113 ) had significantly lower metabolic activity than control cultures, as reported by @entity855 content, and no neurons were observed after ten days of exposure. Cultures exposed to 3 mmol/L, 1 mmol/L, or 0.3 mmol/L @entity4113 , which encompass @entity1091 's therapeutic range, had metabolic activity similar to control cultures. These cultures exhibited concentration-dependent decreases in neurite outgrowth after ten days of @entity4113 exposure. Neurite outgrowth results were relatively robust, regardless of the evaluation methodology. This work demonstrates that measurement of neurite outgrowth in differentiating progenitor cell cultures can be a sensitive endpoint for neuronal response under non-cytotoxic exposure conditions.

title: Neurite outgrowth and differentiation of @entity35 cortex progenitor cells are sensitive to XXXX at non-cytotoxic exposures.

entities_list: @entity13557 :: ('MESH:D018021', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium chloride']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity13557 :: (MESH:D018021,Chemical) :: ['lithium chloride']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and tolerability of 1000-4000 mg/day of @entity4677 (LEV, Keppra) as add-on treatment for @entity302 . This was a dose-escalation study of 29 @entity1 with @entity302 . @entity1 received placebo for 4 weeks (baseline) followed by @entity4677 1000 and 2000 mg per day each for 2 weeks, and then 3000 and 4000 mg per day each for 4 weeks. Primary efficacy was assessed by @entity410 frequency (number/week). Tolerability was assessed by adverse events, laboratory parameters, clinical evaluations, and electrocardiogram. All the study periods were completed by 27 of the 29 @entity1 . A substantially lower median @entity410 frequency was observed at all @entity4677 dosing periods (1000 mg per day, 1.0 @entity410 per week; 2000 mg per day, 1.5 @entity410 per week; 3000 mg per day, 1.0 @entity410 per week; 4000 mg per day, 0.75 @entity410 per week) compared with the placebo treatment (2.06 @entity410 per week). In addition, 22-33% of these @entity1 were @entity410 free during treatment with @entity4677 compared with only 14% with placebo. @entity4677 was well tolerated. The most common adverse events were @entity2147 and @entity1395 ; frequency and severity increased with increasing doses of @entity4677 . @entity4677 in doses from 1000 to 4000 mg per day is effective. @entity2147 and @entity1395 were more frequent with the highest dose, suggesting that 4000 mg per day may be the upper limit in some @entity1 , although individual susceptibility to @entity2147 was variable.

title: Efficacy and tolerability of 1000-4000 mg per day of @entity4677 as add-on therapy in XXXX with @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['levetiracetam', 'Levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence', 'Somnolence']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is strong evidence to support the treatment of abnormal blood lipid levels among @entity1 with @entity65 . Primary prevention is problematic because many individuals with @entity14822 may never actually develop @entity65 . We evaluated the 1998 Canadian lipid guidelines to determine whether they accurately identify high-risk adults for primary prevention. METHODS: Using data from the Lipid Research Clinics and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, we compared the diagnostic performance of the 1998 lipid guidelines when risk factors for @entity453 ( @entity453 ) were counted versus calculating risk using Framingham risk equations. We also compared the diagnostic accuracy of the 1998 guidelines with guidelines previously published by the National @entity165 Education Program in the United States and the 1988 Canadian Consensus Conference on @entity165 and then used Canadian Heart Health Survey data to forecast lipid screening and treatment rates for the Canadian population. RESULTS: The Framingham risk equations were more accurate than counting risk factors for predicting @entity453 risk (areas under the ROC curves, 0.83 [standard deviation (SD) 0.02] v. 0.77 [SD 0.03], p < 0.05). Risk counting was a particularly poor method for predicting risk for @entity1 . The 1998 Canadian guidelines identified high-risk individuals more accurately than the earlier guidelines, but the increased accuracy was largely due to a lower false-positive rate or a higher true-negative rate (i.e., increased test specificity). Using the 1998 lipid guidelines we estimate that 5.9 million Canadians currently free of @entity65 would be eligible for lipid screening and 322,705 (5.5%) would require therapy. INTERPRETATION: Calculating risk using risk equations is a more accurate method to identify @entity1 at high risk for @entity453 than counting the number of risk factors present, especially for @entity1 , and the 1998 Canadian lipid screening guidelines are significantly better at identifying high-risk @entity1 than the 1988 guidelines. Many of our findings were incorporated into the new 2000 guidelines.

title: Lipid screening to prevent XXXX : a quantitative evaluation of evolving guidelines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity14822 :: ('MESH:C562935', 'Disease') :: ['lipid abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: The @entity6501 , which is an unfolded protein response regulator and functions as a @entity141 -binding molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum, is a regulatory @entity1 peptide that elicits @entity8243 release and regulates gastric acid secretion and enteric motor function. It has been shown to exhibit mitogenic activity in @entity151 and plays a role in a lot of other @entity1 @entity5 including @entity5 in colon, stomach, pancreas, breast, and prostate. This study investigated the @entity6501 expression in @entity0 to demonstrate the role of this biomarker in @entity0 @entity3 . @entity6501 was analyzed in @entity0 tissue microarray specimens, including 200 primary @entity0 specimens and the corresponding lymph nodes from the same @entity1 , through immunohistochemistry. The effect of @entity6501 on the invasion ability of MCF-7 cells was evaluated using transwell assays. @entity6501 was highly expressed in @entity0 @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 . Besides, among the @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 , the ones with higher expression of @entity6501 had shorter survival time. Overexpression of @entity6501 significantly enhanced cell invasiveness. Conversely, a knockdown of @entity6501 through the short hairpin RNA approach remarkably reduced MCF-7 cell invasion. @entity6501 expression may be associated with lymph node @entity3 and may be used as an indicator of undesirable prognosis in @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Role of @entity8243 -releasing peptides in @entity0 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity6501 :: ('2922', 'Gene') :: ['gastrin-releasing peptide', 'Gastrin-releasing peptide']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: An altered production of cytokines underlies @entity29 ( @entity29 ) susceptibility. Various polymorphisms at the @entity688 and @entity310 gene promoters control cytokine production levels. The influence of these polymorphisms on susceptibility to @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and their association with clinical features were analyzed. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Genetic polymorphisms of @entity310 ( @entity15646 ) and @entity688 ( @entity28707 , @entity55962 , and @entity28709 ) were determined using the LightCycler system with hybridization probes matched with one sequence variant. The study population included 99 @entity31 @entity1 , 146 @entity30 @entity1 , and 343 matched controls. RESULTS: We did not find association between @entity310 or @entity688 gene polymorphisms and @entity31 or @entity30 susceptibility, though a slight influence of -1082*G allele in @entity31 appearance was observed. In a stratified analysis, a highly significant association between the -1082 AA @entity688 genotype and the @entity134 dependency was observed in @entity29 (p < 0.0001), contributing both @entity31 (p = 0.004) and @entity30 (p = 0.003) to this association. In contrast, @entity310 genotypes did not influence @entity134 dependency in @entity29 . Further, the contribution of cytokine genotypes and of clinical features to the appearance of @entity134 -dependent status (dependent variable) was studied by multivariate analysis. The @entity134 -dependent phenotype correlated in @entity31 with @entity66 (p = 0.010) and with the low producer -1082 AA @entity688 genotype (p = 0.002) and in @entity30 with penetrating disease (p = 0.010), @entity625 (p = 0.011), and the -1082 AA @entity688 genotype (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: The main conclusion is that carriage of the -1082 AA @entity688 genotype (low producer) is a relevant risk factor for developing @entity134 -dependent @entity29 .

title: @entity310 and @entity688 gene polymorphisms in @entity29 . Association of -1082 AA low producer @entity688 genotype with XXXX dependency.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Type VII collagen gene (COL 7 Al) mutations are the cause of @entity4240 ( @entity4240 ), but most mutations are specific to individual families and there is limited data on the nature of COL 7 Al mutations in certain ethnic populations. OBJECTIVE: To determine the molecular basis of @entity4240 in Mexican @entity1 and describe the most frequent mutation among this ethnic population. METHODS: Most subjects were approached at FUNDACION DEBRA MEXICO AC. Molecular analysis was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of genomic DNA using COL 7 A l-specific primers, heteroduplex analysis, and direct @entity377 sequencing. RESULTS: Fifty nine of 67 COL 7 Al possible mutations (88%) were identified; 36 individuals (31 recessive, five dominant) from 21 families. Recessive mutations included six frameshift mutations, four silent @entity2228 substitutions and two splice site mutations. CONCLUSIONS: The present study informs a different kind of mutation observed in our @entity1 population. Only two mutations informed in this study had been described earlier among another ethnic group. The most frequent mutation was @entity56150 , affecting 21 (58.3%) out of 36 @entity1 with @entity4240 . These new data will be helpful in facilitating the accurate diagnosis of an @entity4240 subtype, and will add further insight into the pathophysiology of this mechanobullous disease.

title: [ XXXX , represents the commonest mutation in Mexican @entity1 with dystrophic bullous epidermolysis. A study of 21 families].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity4240 :: ('MESH:D016108', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa', 'DEB']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity56150 :: (c|INS|2470|G,DNAMutation) :: ['2470insG']


abstract: Few studies have addressed the role of biochemicals of maternal origin on fetal neurodevelopment and behavioural outcome. @entity1374 in the thyroidectomized pregnant @entity35 provides an excellent model to study fetal effects of maternal chemistry, as this condition is known to be associated with @entity73 in @entity1 offspring. Based on evidence that thyroid hormone of maternal origin may be an important determinant in regulating these behaviours, we assessed neurobehaviours and regional brain biogenic @entity4976 levels in offspring of @entity35 thyroidectomized (Tx) prior to conception. Cross-fostering techniques were used to isolate fetal effects of @entity1374 from possible neonatal effects during nursing by @entity1374 dams. The progeny of Tx dams showed significant deficits in maze learning, were less cautious in emotionality testing, and were more active in open-field exploration. Tx females appeared to be more vulnerable to the effects on learning. Learning in Tx males was only slightly impaired. @entity750 and @entity935 metabolism was also affected in a brain region-specific manner in Tx progeny. Levels of @entity5581 were reduced in the olfactory tubercle and cortex. HVA levels were lower in olfactory tubercle, but were elevated in the hippocampus. As these neurotransmitters play a functional role in activity, mood and learning, the findings may be pertinent to the observed behavioural impairments. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that an adequate in utero thyroid hormone environment may be essential for early fetal neurodevelopment even if the fetus is euthyroid.

title: Role of maternal biochemistry in fetal brain development: effect of maternal thyroidectomy on behaviour and biogenic @entity4976 metabolism in XXXX progeny.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in motor and cognitive behaviour']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid deficiency', 'maternal thyroid deficiency', 'thyroid-deficient']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The authors describe the occurrence of outbreaks caused by @entity53583 (ORO) in the states of Maranh  o and Goi  s, Brazil in 1988. 36 strains of the virus were obtained from the intracerebral inoculation of the blood of 120 @entity1 into 2-3 day-old @entity1 @entity19 . The illness was characterized by @entity10 , @entity221 , @entity925 , @entity158 , @entity390 and dizziness. 128 of 197 @entity1 examined in Porto Franco, @entity2704 , had hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies to the agent, while 106 of them had IgM antibodies by MAC ELISA test. All age groups were infected, although the incidence was higher among who had 10 to 19 years old. There was no difference, in relation to sex @entity281 . Recurrence of symptoms was reported in 56% of sick @entity1 . @entity19 inoculated with 3624 Culicoides paraensis (Ceratopogonidae) and 1970 Culex ( @entity34397 .) quinquefasciatus (Culicidae) collected in Porto Franco resulted in one single isolation of ORO virus, from the Culicoides. These are the first confirmed cases of @entity778 in Maranh  o and Goi  s states.

title: [1st register of an epidemic caused by XXXX in the states of Maranh  o and Goi  s, Brazil].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['ORO infection']

entities_list: @entity53583 :: ('118655', 'Species') :: ['Oropouche virus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['retrobulbar pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['pain in the muscles, joints and back, photophobia']

answer: @entity53583 :: (118655,Species) :: ['Oropouche virus']


abstract: The prognostic markers in 87 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1988 who underwent renal biopsy are reported for five clinically relevant long-term outcomes-- @entity177 , @entity177 , @entity204 due to @entity1252 , @entity204 due to non-renal @entity1252 and @entity204 due to @entity1252 , both renal and non-renal. We have demonstrated that a number of previously neglected or rarely studied predictors were important prognostic markers. These included the duration of @entity8 before biopsy, overall severity of @entity1252 , as well as the presence of @entity1333 , @entity101 or a comorbid ailment. Furthermore, the study confirms the predictive importance of serum @entity1011 , 24-h urinary excretion of protein, C3, and of the activity and chronicity indices on biopsy. However, overall a simple measure of @entity1986 was the best predictor obtained from biopsy. Prognostic models based on clinical data alone were developed for each of the five outcomes. The models amplify our clinical understanding of @entity1988 . Markers of renal severity were most important in predicting renal outcomes such as @entity177 and @entity177 . Prognostic factors less directly related to @entity8 (comorbidity and @entity1333 ) were important predictors of @entity3329 . A marker of @entity1200 activity (C3) was a valuable predictor for many of the outcomes. Thus markers of disease severity reflecting organ damage due to @entity1252 and other comorbid conditions could be combined with markers of immunologic activity to predict a variety of outcomes of relevance to a clinician. When biopsy data obtained by light or electron microscopy were evaluated for their ability to add new predictive information to the clinical models, only a limited value for biopsy was noted. It is likely that this reflected the close correlational relationships between clinical and biopsy variables, the strong clinical models generated, and the inclusion in the clinical models of the previously neglected clinical variables, duration of @entity8 before biopsy and the presence of @entity1333 or comorbid disease.

title: The clinical and renal biopsy predictors of long-term outcome in @entity1988 : a study of 87 XXXX and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'renal systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunologic disease']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The lymphoreticular system plays a major role in both the innate and adaptive immune responses. This study reviews retrospectively cases of @entity3329 seen at a tertiary institution in Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study in which biopsies from the bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes and extranodal lymphoid tissues reported within a period of 16 years were reviewed with respect to age, sex and pathological diagnosis. Statistical analysis was performed for differences in proportion using Chi square by SPSS version 12. RESULTS: Nine hundred and forty four cases comprising 559 biopsies from lymph nodes and extranodal lymphoid tissues, 272 bone marrow biopsies and 113 spleen biopsies were studied. @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and @entity378 were the most common lesions in lymph nodes and extranodal lymphoid tissues. The axillary and cervical nodes accounted for most cases of @entity3 . @entity0 accounted for the majority of @entity3 to lymph nodes. The most common pathological changes in bone marrow were @entity1893 and @entity1373 . @entity1 with @entity6444 ( @entity6444 ) had the highest mean age, which was significantly higher than in those with @entity1893 (p=.001, 95% confidence interval -27.91 to -7.76). The most common finding in the spleen was @entity9440 and haemoperitoneum from road traffic accident. CONCLUSION: @entity1893 and @entity378 should be high on the list of differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathy in Nigerians. Whereas @entity130 from @entity6093 was the major reason for splenectomy in Nigerians, in the elderly splenic biopsy would likely show @entity6444 .

title: XXXX in Nigerians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoreticular diseases']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['reactive hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', "Non Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity9440 :: ('MESH:D013161', 'Disease') :: ['splenic rupture']

answer: @entity3329 :: (MESH:D008206,Disease) :: ['Lymphoreticular diseases']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop a submaximal repetitive isoinertial back muscle endurance test by defining the relationships between the power spectral indices of paraspinal muscle electromyographic (EMG) activities, endurance time and a subjective estimate of fatigue (Borg scale). Bilateral surface EMG recordings were obtained over the lumbar paraspinal muscles in ten individuals who were currently free from @entity615 . All subjects performed repetitive upper trunk extensions (25 degrees flexion and 5 degrees extension, 30 repetitions per min), while movement below the third lumbar vertebral body was mechanically restricted. The load level depended upon upper body mass, sex, and age. The tests continued for as long as the subjects were able to maintain the required repetition rate (endurance time). Median (MF) and mean power frequency ( @entity36705 ) slopes were calculated by performing a fast Fourier transformation after confirmation of EMG stationarity by recurrence quantification analysis. @entity36705 correlations with endurance time/Borg scale were measured for the first 60 s (0.60-0.88/0.42-0.86), the first 90 s (0.62-0.89/0.52-0.90), the first 120 s (0.50-0.76/0.41-0.73), and the entire repetitive run (0.63-0.88/0.54-0.90). To test for the reproducibility of the spectral indices EMGs were recorded for 2 min during repetitive loading from the same subjects on two consecutive days. Corresponding spectral slopes of @entity36705 were correlated at 60 s (0.36-0.93), 90 s (0.58-0.92), and 120 s (0.70-0.94) at the L3-L4 and L5-S1 levels, indicating good reproducibility of results from alternate recording sessions at the L5-S1 level. It is concluded that paraspinal muscle spectral indices ( @entity36705 ) measured before the onset of @entity121 are good predictors of endurance time and are closely related to the subjective perception of fatigue.

title: Lumbar XXXX in repetitive isoinertial loading: EMG spectral indices, Borg scale and endurance time.

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['total muscle fatigue']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['paraspinal muscle fatigability']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Nottingham Adjustment Scale-Japanese version (hereinafter referred to as NAS-J) was developed to measure psychological adaptation to @entity227 . Several disease-specific modified versions have been developed in Japan. The purpose of this study was to develop and test the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the NAS-J for @entity570 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity570 managed as outpatients at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of one university hospital gave informed written consent to be enrolled in this study. Subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire consisting of the NAS-J--Hip edition (hereinafter referred to as NAS-J-HIP), health-related QOL (Short Form 36). Subjects' medical and treatment histories, and the Japanese Hip Society's Evaluation Chart of Hip Joint Functions (hereinafter referred to as the JOA score) were also collected from their medical records. Psychometric analyses were conducted to test reliability, validity, and responsiveness. RESULTS: A total of 231 @entity1 agreed to participate in the survey, and responses were obtained from 168 (72.7%). Their mean +/- SD age was 52.5 +/- 12.4 years, and the mean JOA score was 80.9 points. By factor analysis using the principal factor method, seven factors were extracted: (1) @entity148 / @entity308 , (2) self-esteem, (3) attitude, (4) locus of control, (5) acceptance, (6) self-efficacy, and (7) attributional style. Concurrent validity was the result according to the near hypothesis. Cronbach's alpha-coefficient ranged from 0.68 to 0.83, indicating high internal consistency. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity570 @entity1 , construct validity was confirmed for NAS-J-HIP. Furthermore, seven factors comprising 27 items with high internal consistency were incorporated into NAS-J-HIP. This scale can be used to assess the psychological adaptation of @entity570 @entity1 .

title: Preparing a version of the Nottingham Adjustment Scale (for psychological adjustment) tailored to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visually impairment']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['hip osteoarthritis', 'osteoarthritis of the hip']

answer: @entity570 :: (MESH:D015207,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis of the hip']


abstract: The aim of this study performed at the Liver Unit at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK, is to assess posttransplantation @entity167 consumption and identify risk factors associated with recidivism. This retrospective case-control study used a self-report questionnaire to assess pretransplantation and posttransplantation drinking, and a retrospective cohort study used @entity1 notes to analyze risk factors for recidivism. Of 64 @entity1 who underwent transplantation for @entity5881 ( @entity5881 ) between May 1996 and November 1999, a total of 49 surviving @entity1 (40 @entity1 , 9 @entity1 ) were available for study. The comparison group consisted of 49 @entity1 matched for age, sex, and date of transplantation who underwent transplantation for non- @entity167 -induced @entity409 . Two-year @entity1 survival rates were 82% in both study groups. The questionnaire response rate was 69.3% and 75.5% in @entity1 with and without @entity5881 , respectively. Data on recidivism (defined as any @entity167 consumption after transplantation) were available in 46 of the 49 @entity1 with @entity5881 . Of these, 45.6% were drinking; 21.7% reported only occasionally drinking; 17.3%, moderate drinking; and 6.5%, heavy drinking. Information on @entity167 consumption was available from 41 of the 49 controls. Of these, 52.5% consumed @entity167 ; 22.0% reported drinking only on special occasions; 24.4%, moderate drinking; and 4.9%, a return to heavy drinking. However, these differences were not statistically significant, and log-rank analysis found no significant difference in time to resumption of drinking. In the @entity5881 cohort, no significant risk factors were identified to predict recidivism. No pretransplantation risk factors (including period of abstinence before transplantation) correlated with recidivism. Survival after transplantation for @entity5881 is similar to that in other forms of @entity409 . Recidivism rates for @entity1 with @entity5881 are high, but @entity1 with @entity5881 do not drink more than their control counterparts posttransplantation. In most instances, @entity167 consumption posttransplantation is minimal to moderate (<20 units/wk) and seems to be controlled.

title: Orthotopic liver transplantation for XXXX : a retrospective analysis of survival, recidivism, and risk factors predisposing to recidivism.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['ALD', 'alcoholic liver disease']

answer: @entity5881 :: (MESH:D008108,Disease) :: ['alcoholic liver disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Surgical repair of @entity4145 is successful in 98% of cases. We evaluated @entity1 undergoing repeat pyeloplasty and discuss the etiology of recurrent @entity4145 , surgical approach and outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1982 and 1996, 366 @entity1 with @entity4145 were surgically treated at our institution, including 16 who presented with recurrent @entity4145 and required surgery. RESULTS: Repeat repair was successful in all 16 @entity1 , including ureterocalicostomy in 3 and dismembered pyeloplasty in the remainder. No nephrectomy was necessary. Anteriorly @entity812 were made in all cases. @entity3145 around and obstructing the ureteropelvic junction was noted in the majority of cases. In 7 @entity1 a redundant pelvis resulted in a kink at the ureteropelvic junction. @entity1129 was placed in all cases and an additional transanastomotic stent was used in all but 2. Obstruction was relieved with 1 operation. CONCLUSIONS: A redundant pelvis resulting in a kink at the ureteropelvic junction may contribute to a higher change of urinary leakage and subsequent obstructive scar formation in cases of failed pyeloplasty. Before repeat surgery anatomy should be precisely identified by antegrade and retrograde studies. The surgical approach usually involves identifying the ureter below the area of the previous surgery and then ensuring a tension-free @entity254 . If inadequate ureteral length or an intrarenal pelvis precludes direct @entity254 , ureterocalicostomy is an alternative. @entity1129 and transanastomotic stent are advisable. Nephrectomy is rarely necessary and a good functional result can be anticipated.

title: The operative management of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['Dense scar tissue']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['elongated flank incisions']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['A nephrostomy tube']

entities_list: @entity4145 :: ('MESH:C537373', 'Disease') :: ['ureteropelvic junction obstruction']

answer: @entity4145 :: (MESH:C537373,Disease) :: ['ureteropelvic junction obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: @entity378 ( @entity378 ) is a public health problem worldwide. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of @entity378 is crucial to facilitate early treatment of infectious cases and to reduce its spread. The present study was aimed to evaluation of 16 kDa antigen as a serodiagnostic tool in @entity1907 @entity1 in an effort to improve diagnostic algorithm for @entity378 . METHODS: In this study, 200 serum samples were collected from smear positive and culture confirmed @entity1907 @entity1 , 30 tubercular pleural effusions and 21 @entity1906 ( @entity1906 ) patients. Serum samples from 36 healthy, age matched controls (hospital staff), along with 60 @entity1 with non-tubercular @entity1576 were also collected and evaluated. Humoral response (both IgG and IgA) was looked for 16 kDa antigen using indirect ELISA. RESULTS: Sensitivity of detection in various categories of @entity1907 @entity1 ranged between 73.8 and 81.2 per cent. While in the extra- @entity1907 samples the sensitivity was 42.8 per cent ( @entity1906 ) and 63.3 per cent ( @entity1143 ). The test specificity in both the groups was high (94.7%). All of the non-disease controls were negative. Among non-tubercular disease controls, five @entity1 gave a positive humoral response against 16 kDa. INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSIONS: Serodiagnostic tests for @entity378 have always had drawbacks of suboptimal sensitivity and specificity. The antigen used in this study gave encouraging results in @entity1907 only, while in extra- @entity1907 ( @entity1906 and @entity1143 ), this has shown a limited role in terms of sensitivity. Further work is required to validate its role in serodiagnosis of @entity1907 .

title: Diagnostic potential of 16 kDa (HspX, a-crystalline) antigen for serodiagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['tubercular pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['TBM', 'tubercular meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis', 'pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis', 'pulmonary TB', 'TB especially extra-pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: Micro-determination methods were used for quantitative examination of possible differences in energy metabolism in @entity19 embryos arising after spontaneous ovulation or after gonadotrophin stimulation. Comparisons of embryonic development in vivo and in vitro were also made. The relevance of the results to @entity1 development and their clinical significance are discussed. The enzymatic activity of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, @entity3776 dehydrogenase, @entity5910 dehydrogenase and @entity880 dehydrogenase in individual @entity19 embryos throughout preimplantation development was evaluated. Hexokinase activity in 1-cell embryos was the lowest by far of the five enzymes measured, and the 0.035 +/- 0.010 pmol of @entity1110 hydrogenase formed/embryo/min was also lower than in any of the somatic organs examined. Hexokinase activity, unlike the other enzymes, progressively increased in the morulae and blastocyst stages in embryos obtained either by spontaneous ovulation or via gonadotrophin stimulation. Although there is a significant delay, this increase was also observed when 2-cell embryos developed in vitro. Increases in hexokinase activity were observed 68-75 h after @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin administration in vivo, but after 80-86 h in vitro. These increases in vitro were inhibited by the administration of @entity4316 added to the medium. The results suggest that hexokinase may be a key enzyme synthesized as the zygotic genome is expressed in preimplantation embryos, and its measurement may help to assess the quality of embryos developed in vitro.

title: Hexokinase activity in XXXX embryos developed in vivo and in vitro.

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity1110 :: ('MESH:D009249', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3776 :: ('MESH:D019298', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose 6-phosphate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Industrial @entity1707 operations emit odorant chemicals including @entity3265 , @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ), and volatile organic compounds. Malodor and pollutant concentrations have been associated with self-reported stress and altered mood in prior studies. OBJECTIVES: We conducted a repeated-measures study of air pollution, stress, and blood pressure in neighbors of @entity1707 operations. METHODS: For approximately 2 weeks, 101 nonsmoking adult volunteers living near industrial @entity1707 operations in 16 neighborhoods in eastern North Carolina sat outdoors for 10 min twice daily at preselected times. Afterward, they reported levels of hog odor on a 9-point scale and measured their blood pressure twice using an automated oscillometric device. During the same 2- to 3-week period, we measured ambient levels of @entity3958 and PM10 at a central location in each neighborhood. Associations between systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and @entity53143 , respectively) and pollutant measures were estimated using fixed-effects (conditional) linear regression with adjustment for time of day. RESULTS: PM10 showed little association with blood pressure. @entity53143 [b (SE)] increased 0.23 (0.08) mmHg per unit of reported hog odor during the 10 min outdoors and 0.12 (0.08) mmHg per 1-ppb increase of @entity3958 concentration in the same hour. SBP increased 0.10 (0.12) mmHg per odor unit and 0.29 (0.12) mmHg per 1-ppb increase of @entity3958 in the same hour. Reported stress was strongly associated with BP; adjustment for stress reduced the odor- @entity53143 association, but the @entity3958 -SBP association changed little. CONCLUSIONS: Like noise and other repetitive environmental stressors, malodors may be associated with acute blood pressure increases that could contribute to development of chronic @entity101 .

title: Air pollution from industrial XXXX operations and blood pressure of neighboring residents.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen sulfide']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic dilatation for @entity30 has been evaluated only in some small and heterogeneous studies. AIM: To evaluate any association between the main clinical variables and endoscopic variables and the efficacy and safety of endoscopic dilatation in @entity30 . METHODS: A Medline search regarding pneumatic dilatation in @entity30 was performed. Several technical and clinical variables were extracted from each study to build up a descriptive, pool-data analysis. Data on individual @entity1 were extracted from suitable studies to create a simulated population upon which a multivariate statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: Thirteen studies enrolling 347 @entity30 @entity1 were reviewed. Endoscopic dilatation was mainly applied to postsurgical strictures, being technically successful in 86% of the cases. Long-term clinical efficacy was achieved in 58% of the @entity1 . Mean follow-up was as long as 33 months, corresponding to 800 @entity1 years of follow-up. Major complication rate was 2%, being higher than 10% in two series. At multivariate analysis, a stricture length < or = 4 cm was associated with a surgery-free outcome (OR: 4.01; 95% CI: 1.16-13.8; P < 0.028). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic dilatation is an effective and safe treatment for short strictures caused by @entity30 , impacting substantially on the natural history of these @entity1 .

title: Systematic review: Endoscopic dilatation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: The mechanism and the clinical significance of @entity460 deposits in @entity11 have been still obscure. Excluding pinealomas, 221 histologically proven @entity11 were studied. The presence of roentgenological @entity730 in 27 of the authers' series represented an incidence of 12 percent. The incidence of roentgenological @entity730 in various types of @entity11 were as follows: @entity816 grades 1 _ 2-15%, @entity816 grades 3 _ 4-7%, @entity2946 -5%, @entity424 -17%, oligodendrogioma-60%, and @entity2846 -25%. There was no characteristic relationship between the incidence of @entity730 and the age distribution. One exception was noted that in @entity816 grades 1 _ 2 the incidence of roentgenological @entity730 tended to be higher in younger @entity1 than in older @entity1 . The percentage of calcified @entity5 in both sexes was the same. In @entity816 and @entity424 the incidence of roentgenological @entity730 was far greater in the @entity5 than in the @entity5 . According to their roentgenological appearance, calcified @entity5 were separated into four groups, but any specific appearance could not be claimed for any particular type of @entity5 . Only in @entity816 both the duration of symptoms and the postoperative survival time of the calcified cases were longer than those of the uncalcified. But in other types of @entity11 there were no significant differences in the postoperative survival time between the calcified cases and the uncalcified ones. In 5 cases of @entity816 the @entity460 deposits did not exist on preoperative radiographs, which were found postoperatively after chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. In conclusion, it is not the histological type but the duration of the clinical course that plays more important role in @entity730 of @entity11 .

title: [Calcification in @entity11 : first report with special reference to roentgenological XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['glial tumors', 'infratentorial tumor', 'supratentorial tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial gliomas', 'glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas', 'astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity2846 :: ('MESH:D020288', 'Disease') :: ['choroid plexus papilloma']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcification']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Two @entity158 treatment systems that developed soon after the publication of the gate theory are probably a direct result of its publication: neuraxial opiate administration and electrical stimulation of the spinal cord and peripheral nerves and receptors. Although the use of these modalities has become widespread in managing @entity1118 , there is disagreement about their long-term efficacy. This presentation will attempt to review the data regarding the mechanisms of action of these modalities and their efficacy in treating @entity1118 of malignant and nonmalignant origin. DATA SOURCES: Data were derived almost entirely from original articles reporting experimental data from both animal and @entity1 studies and from series of @entity1 undergoing treatment with the modalities reviewed. STUDY SELECTION: Where possible, controlled studies were selected. However, much of the available data regarding treatment results are uncontrolled. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Selected data from studies that were felt to be reasonably well conducted are presented or summarized. Because of the lack of control groups in many of the clinical trials, meta-analyses were not carried out. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term spinal opiate administration has been shown to be more effective than systemic opiates in some @entity1 with @entity5 , but often must be combined with local anesthetics to provide satisfactory @entity158 relief. Loss of effect over time is a significant problem. Since the identification of spinal opiate receptors and the introduction of spinally administered narcotics, a number of other receptors that are important in both sensitization and suppression of @entity158 projection systems have been characterized. Agonists and antagonists to many of these receptors are being developed, and a few are available for clinical trials. Long-term electrical stimulation of the spinal cord produces substantial @entity1337 below the stimulated spinal segments in some @entity1 with @entity1118 . Although initial results are usually encouraging, long-term efficacy may be disappointing. It is postulated that @entity1337 associated with spinal stimulation is associated with both stimulation of large fiber ascending tracts and blockade of spinothalamic pathways. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has come into widespread use in managing @entity1118 and has had limited trials in @entity5 @entity1 . It is well accepted by @entity1 and physicians, but clinical studies of long-term efficacy have yielded variable results. The analgesic action is probably the result of both large afferent fiber activation and blockade of peripheral nociceptors.

title: 1992 Bonica Lecture. Advances in XXXX management since gate control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate with 3 relevant, reliable, and valid measurement instruments the effect of 6 to 8 weeks of day hospital rehabilitation (DHR) after @entity64 on physical and cognitive functions and self-rated health and health-related quality of life, possible relationships among these variables, and direct costs of the rehabilitation period. DESIGN: We conducted a prospective follow-up study of DHR in a university hospital with pretreatment and posttreatment assessments. @entity1 : In all, 52 consecutive @entity1 aged 18 to 60 years with first-ever @entity64 occurring in the mean 6 months before study start comprised the study group. METHODS: We conducted assessments using Functional Independence Measure, Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form, and EuroQol. RESULTS: Significant improvements occurred in physical and cognitive functions (P < .0001) and self-rated health and health-related quality of life (P < .0001 for both physical and mental component summaries and P < .0001 for the EuroQol). Improvements correlated inversely with baseline scores (P = .026-P < .0001 for different variables). Improvements in self-rated health and health-related quality of life were not related to improvements in physical and cognitive functions. Direct costs were estimated at about 12,000 @entity7634 or  14,500 per @entity1 for the treatment period. CONCLUSION: During the 6 to 8 weeks of DHR, there is significant improvement in physical and cognitive functions and self-rated health and health-related quality of life, which are not related significantly to each other. Improvements are greater in @entity1 with more severe impairment of physical and cognitive functions and self-rated health and health-related quality of life at baseline.

title: Effects of day hospital rehabilitation after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A number of reports indicate revascularization for @entity63 should include the @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) and the celiac artery. However, no controlled or randomized studies have proven this approach superior to @entity6029 bypass alone. We report our results using bypass to only the @entity6029 for @entity63 . DESIGN: Retrospective review with mean follow-up of 40 months (range, 2 to 110 months). SETTING: University medical center and Veterans Affairs hospital. @entity1 /METHODS: The records of @entity1 who underwent intestinal revascularization of the @entity6029 alone from 1982 through 1993 were reviewed. @entity1 were assessed for indication for operation, operative technique, perioperative mortality, and long-term outcome. The @entity6029 grafts were examined for patency within the last 6 months using duplex scanning or arteriography. @entity1 survival and graft patency rates were calculated using life-table methods. RESULTS: Twenty-nine bypasses to only the @entity6029 were performed in 26 @entity1 (16 female and 10 male; mean age, 59 years; age range, 13 to 81 years). Indication for operation was symptomatic chronic @entity5327 in 23 cases and @entity63 in five cases. One bypass was performed for asymptomatic @entity432 . There were three perioperative @entity204 (10% mortality rate), all in @entity1 with @entity63 and previous mesenteric arterial surgery. Life-table 4-year primary graft patency and @entity1 survival rates were 89% and 82%, respectively. Symptomatic improvement was maintained in all @entity1 available for follow-up. CONCLUSION: Revascularization of only the @entity6029 for @entity63 provides excellent graft patency with acceptable perioperative mortality and long-term @entity1 survival. The @entity6029 bypass alone for @entity63 appears as successful as bypasses to multiple visceral vessels.

title: Isolated bypass to the XXXX for @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acute intestinal ischemia', 'intestinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['superior mesenteric artery', 'SMA']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['SMA occlusion']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischemia']

answer: @entity6029 :: (MESH:D013478,Disease) :: ['superior mesenteric artery']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnosis of acute physeal @entity1171 on plain radiographs using MRI as the gold standard. METHODS: Sixty consecutive @entity1 , 29 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity130 and 31 with physeal @entity1171 , were examined using both radiographs and MRI in the acute period. The imaging data were reviewed by three "masked" radiologists. The @entity174 diagnosis and Slater-Harris classification of radiographs were compared with findings on MRI. RESULTS: Plain radiography produced five of 28 (18%) false negative and 12 of 92 (13%) false positive @entity174 diagnoses compared with MRI. Six of the 12 false positive @entity174 were due to a misclassification of lateral ligament disruption as SH1 @entity174 , Altogether a difference was found in 21% of cases in either the diagnosis or the classification of the @entity174 according to Salter-Harris. All @entity79 in the distal tibia and fibula and 64% of @entity79 in the talus were seen in association with lateral ligament injuries. @entity79 in association with @entity174 occurred on the same side as the @entity174 ; @entity79 in association with lateral ligament disruption were seen in different locations. The errors identified on radiographs by MRI did not affect the management of the injury. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of false negative @entity1171 in plain radiographs was small and no @entity1171 were missed on radiographs. The total extent of complex @entity174 was, however, not always obvious on radiographs. In an unselected series of relatively mild @entity3681 , we were unable to show a single case where the treatment or prognosis based on plain radiography should have been significantly altered after having done a routine MRI examination. Plain radiography is still the diagnostic cornerstone of paediatric @entity3681 .

title: Acute XXXX : MRI versus plain radiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'malleolar fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle injuries']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fractures', 'complex ankle fractures']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['talar bone bruises', 'Talar bone bruises', 'bone bruises']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['lateral ligament injury']

answer: @entity3681 :: (MESH:D016512,Disease) :: ['paediatric ankle trauma']


abstract: @entity52236 is a nuclear-encoded PPR (pentatricopeptide repeat) protein that localizes into mitochondria of @entity375 . It was first defined as an essential factor to remove the @entity52237 [COB ( @entity2351 ) fourth intron)] and @entity52238 [ @entity45810 ( @entity45810 ) fourth intron] of pre-mRNAs, along with @entity52237 maturase, a protein encoded by part of @entity52237 and preceding exons that removes the intronic RNA sequence that codes for it. Later on, @entity52236 was described as key to maintain the steady-state levels of the mitoribosome small subunit RNA (15S rRNA). @entity52237 maturase is produced inside the mitochondria and therefore its activity depends on the functionality of mitochondrial translation. This report addresses the dilemma of whether @entity52236 supports @entity52237 maturase activity by keeping steady-state levels of 15S rRNA or separately and directly supports @entity52237 maturase activity per se. Experiments involving loss of @entity52236 , SMDC (sudden mitochondrial deprivation of @entity52236 ) and mutations in one of the PPR (pentatricopeptide repeat) motifs revealed that the failure of @entity52237 maturase activity in @entity52236 deletion mutants was not due to a malfunction of the translational machinery. Both functions were found to be independent, defining @entity52236 as a moonlighting protein. @entity52237 maturase activity was significantly more dependent on @entity52236 levels than the maintenance of 15S rRNA. The novel strategy of SMDC described here allowed the study of immediate short-term effects, before the mutant phenotype was definitively established. This approach can be also applied for further studies on 15S rRNA stability and mitoribosome assembly.

title: Two independent activities define @entity52236 as a moonlighting protein in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity45810 :: ('854598(Tax:4932)', 'Gene') :: ['COX1', 'cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The synovial T cell infiltrate in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is diverse but contains clonally expanded @entity404 + populations. Recent reports have emphasized that @entity309 @entity1 have a tendency to develop @entity404 + T cell oligoclonality which also manifests in the peripheral blood. Clonal dominance in the tissue may thus result from antigen specific stimulation in the synovial membrane or may reflect the infiltration of expanded clonotypes present throughout the lymphoid system. We have explored to what extent clonal populations amongst tissue @entity404 + T cells display joint @entity6542 as defined by their restriction to the joint, their persistence over time, and their expression of markers indicative for local activation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Matched samples of peripheral blood and synovial fluid or synovial tissue were collected from 14 @entity1 with active @entity309 and @entity404 + @entity2902 + and @entity404 + @entity2902 - T cells from both compartments were purified. Clonal populations of @entity404 + T cells were detected by RT-PCR amplification of T cell receptor (TCR) transcripts with BV and BJ specific primers followed by size fractionation and direct sequencing of dominant size classes of TCR transcripts. RESULTS: Clonal @entity404 + T cells were detected in the synovial fluid and synovial tissue of all @entity1 . All @entity1 carried synovial clonotypes that were undetectable in the blood but were present in independent joints or at several non-adjacent areas of the same joint. These joint restricted @entity404 + clonotypes were generally small in size, were preferentially found in the @entity2902 + subpopulation, and persisted over time. A second type of clonogenic T cells in the synovial infiltrate had an unrestricted tissue distribution and was present at similar frequencies amongst activated and nonactivated T cells in the blood and affected joints. Ubiquitous clonotypes isolated from two different @entity1 expressed sequence homologies of the TCR beta chain. CONCLUSIONS: Two types of expanded @entity404 + clonotypes contribute to the T cell infiltrate in @entity309 . Differences in the distribution pattern and in molecular features suggest that distinct mechanisms are supporting the clonal outgrowth of these two groups of clonotypes. Clonally expanded T cells restricted to the joint but present in several independent joints appear to respond to locally residing antigens. Clonogenic cells with an unrestricted distribution pattern and widespread activation in the blood and tissue may react to a different class of antigens which appear to be shared by multiple @entity1 . T cell recognition in @entity309 may be involved at several different levels and may be related to more than one pathomechanism.

title: Multiple mechanisms support oligoclonal T cell expansion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6542 :: ('MESH:C562465', 'Disease') :: ['specificity']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'rheumatoid synovitis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid synovitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine in @entity1 attending general practice 1) the extent of comorbidity of @entity146 and @entity167 or other substance misuse, and consequent disability; and 2) GPs' diagnosis and management of @entity1 with comorbidity. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional national audit of general practices throughout Australia in 1998-1999. @entity1 : 46 515 ambulatory care @entity1 attending 386 GPs. SCREENING TOOLS: Prevalence of common @entity146 --12 items from the 34-item SPHERE self-report questionnaire and associated classification system; prevalence of @entity167 or other substance misuse--two self-report screening questions, defining "probable" misuse (a positive response to both questions) and "possible" misuse (a positive response to one of the questions); disability--four items from the Brief Disability Questionnaire, and self-reported "days out of role" and "days in bed" in the past month; and rates of psychological diagnosis, treatment and referral by GPs, and GPs' rating of @entity1 ' psychological risk. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity146 and @entity167 or other substance misuse; disability; and correlation with GPs' diagnosis and management. RESULTS: The screening questions revealed possible @entity167 or other substance misuse in 11% of @entity1 (5171/46515), and probable misuse in an additional 8% of @entity1 (3593/46515). @entity146 and substance misuse occurred in 12% (5672/46515) of @entity1 . @entity1 with comorbidity (compared with those with @entity167 or other substance misuse alone) were: more disabled--mean "days out of role in the last month", 8.4 (95% CI, 7.7-9.1) v 3.6 (95% CI, 2.9-4.3); at greater psychological risk (as rated by GPs)--22% v 7%, respectively; more frequently given psychological diagnoses by GPs--51% v 21%; more frequently treated for a @entity558 by GPs--47% v 17%; and more frequently referred to mental health specialists by GPs--9% v 2%. CONCLUSION: @entity146 and @entity167 or other substance misuse is common in @entity1 attending general practice, and results in considerable disability. Such @entity1 receive inadequate attention (diagnosis and management) from GPs. GPs identifying one of these two types of @entity74 in a @entity1 should ascertain whether the other type is also present.

title: Comorbidity of common XXXX and @entity167 or other substance misuse in Australian general practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['psychological condition']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'Comorbidity of mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['behaviour disorder']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['mental disorders']


abstract: @entity2727 ( @entity14501 ) is becoming a drug of abuse among adult professionals and students, alike. Yet, few studies have investigated its long-term effects on the adult population. We hypothesized that prolonged administration of @entity14501 leads to changes in the diurnal horizontal activity (HA) pattern, an effect persisting beyond acute drug effects. Four groups of adult male @entity35 (N=32) were divided into a saline/control, 0.6, 2.5, or 10.0 mg/kg @entity14501 group. Each group was treated with saline on experimental day 1, followed by six consecutive days of designated treatment (days 2-7), then, after three consecutive days of washout (days 8-10), each group was re-challenged with its respective treatment (day 11). Activity was monitored continuously throughout the 11 experimental days. There was a dose-dependent increase in HA in the first hour post-injection. The 0.6 mg/kg @entity14501 group exhibited changes in diurnal activity pattern only during the wash-out period. The 2.5 mg/kg @entity14501 group exhibited the most profound changes in HA after 6 days of continuous injection, washout, and @entity14501 re-challenge (p<0.05, p=0.001, p<0.001) respectively, and the 10.0 mg/kg @entity14501 group exhibited changes during the washout and re-challenge periods (p<0.01, p<0.001), respectively. In conclusion, prolonged administration of @entity14501 modulated the diurnal HA pattern in a dose-dependent manner.

title: Prolonged XXXX treatment alters the behavioral diurnal activity pattern of adult male @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate']

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['methylphenidate']


abstract: In @entity1 , @entity354 ( @entity354 ) plays an important role in both acute and chronic upper airway disorders including stridor, chronic cough, recurrent @entity1729 , obstructive @entity386 , @entity8822 , and wheezing. Diagnosis may prove difficult unless there is reason to suspect @entity354 and one is aware of the concept of "silent" @entity354 . This paper presents our experience with chronic and/or recurrent @entity1576 of uncertain origin and without @entity344 in @entity1 . Thirty-two pediatric @entity1 with @entity1729 were evaluated. Out- @entity1 24-hour intraesophageal pH was monitored and 56% of the @entity1 underwent pharyngo-laryngeal fibroscopy. The @entity1 were divided into two subgroups: Group A (18 @entity1 < 6 months of age) and Group B (14 @entity1 > 6 months). All the @entity1 tested positive for @entity354 with a mean Reflux Index of 21.5. The most common symptoms in Group A were @entity386 and stridor while they were chronic cough for group B. The present study confirms the association between @entity354 and @entity1576 and between @entity354 respiratory-related symptoms and @entity1 age. Emphasis is placed on the importance of otolaryngological diagnostic procedures and 24-hour pH-gastroesophageal monitoring in evaluating @entity1 with @entity1576 related to silent @entity354 .

title: ["Silent" XXXX and upper airway pathologies in childhood].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory infections', 'upper respiratory symptoms']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'GER']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disorders', 'respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity8822 :: ('MESH:D007826', 'Disease') :: ['laryngospasm']

entities_list: @entity386 :: ('MESH:D001049', 'Disease') :: ['apnea', 'apnea-cianosis']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can visualize locations of both the ablation scar on the left atrium (LA) after @entity955 ( @entity955 ) ablation and epicardial fat pads (FPs) containing ganglionated plexi (GP). METHODS: We investigated 60 @entity1 who underwent pulmonary vein antrum (PVA) isolation along with LA posterior wall and septal debulking for @entity955 . FPs around the LA surface in well-known GP areas (which were considered as the substitution of GP areas around the LA) were segmented from the dark-blood MRI. Then the FP and the ablation scar image visualized by late @entity2287 enhancement (LGE)-MRI on the LA were merged together. Overlapping areas of FP and the ablation scar image were considered as the ablated FP areas containing GP. @entity1 underwent 24-hour Holter monitoring after ablation for the analysis of heart rate variability. RESULTS: Ablated FP area was significantly wider in @entity1 without @entity955 recurrence than those in @entity1 with recurrence (5.6    3.1 cm(2) vs 4.2    2.7 cm(2) , P = 0.03). The mean values of both percentage of differences greater than 50 ms in the RR intervals (pRR > 50) and standard deviation of RR intervals over the entire analyzed period (SDNN), which were obtained from 24-hour Holter monitoring 1-day post- @entity955 ablation, were significantly lower in @entity1 without recurrence than those in @entity1 with recurrence (5.8    6.0% vs 14.0    10.1%; P = 0.0005, 78.7    32.4 ms vs 109.2    43.5 ms; P = 0.005). There was a significant negative correlation between SDNN and the percentage of ablated FP area (Y = -1.3168X + 118.96, R(2) = 0.1576, P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Extensively ablating LA covering GP areas along with @entity939 isolation enhanced the denervation of autonomic nerve system and seemed to improve procedural outcome in @entity1 with @entity955 .

title: The effect of fat pad modification during ablation of XXXX : late @entity2287 enhancement MRI analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: To date, little is known about changes in the size of the papilla of Vater in @entity1 with @entity5990 . Most of the research concerning these @entity1 has investigated changes in the diameter of the common bile duct and pressure in the sphincter of Oddi region. The latest research has not confirmed the prevalent opinion that the common bile duct dilates after cholecystectomy; moreover, knowledge about changes in the form and size of the papilla of Vater remains poor. The aim of our research was to measure the surface of the papilla of Vater and the diameter of the periampullary pancreatic part of the common bile duct before surgery, then 3 months and 6 months after surgery, using endoscopic ultrasound. @entity1 AND METHODS: In @entity1 with symptomatic @entity5990 but with no evidence of @entity1448 or stones in the common bile duct, the surface of the papilla of Vater and the diameter of the periampullary pancreatic part of the common bile duct were measured before surgery by endoscopic ultrasound. In the postoperative period, measurements were repeated in @entity1 with an early occurrence of @entity390 , distension, bloating and @entity158 in the upper abdomen and in @entity1 without any symptoms in the same time period. The surface of the normal papilla of Vater and the diameter of the periampullary pancreatic part of the common bile duct were determined in healthy subjects. RESULTS: In all the @entity1 included in our study, the surface of the papilla of Vater was enlarged before surgery and, after 3 months, was even larger. However, after 6 months, it was practically the same as before surgery. The diameter of the periampullary pancreatic part of the common bile duct before surgery and 6 months after surgery was within normal limits. However, a statistically significant and transient increase in the diameter was noticed in the third month after cholecystectomy. The results were almost the same for symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with symptomatic @entity5990 , the surface of the papilla of Vater is increased while the diameter of the periampullary pancreatic part of the common bile duct is normal. Cholecystectomy is an intervention that causes an additional transient increase in the surface of the papilla of Vater and a transient increase in the diameter of the periampullary pancreatic part of the common bile duct. The surface of the papilla of Vater does not reach normal values but the diameter of the periampullary pancreatic part of the common bile duct is normalized 6 months after surgery. There is no relation between clinical disorders and changes in the morphology of the papilla of Vater and the periampullary pancreatic part of the common bile duct after cholecystectomy.

title: Effect of cholecystectomy for XXXX on the surface of the papilla of Vater and the diameter of the common bile duct.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

answer: @entity5990 :: (MESH:D042882,Disease) :: ['gallstones']


abstract: This paper presents the results of a retrospective clinical study of 250 cases of monocentric @entity189 of the mucosal surface of the cheek, i.e. all the primaries treated by radiotherapy at our Institute between January 1948 and December 1965. @entity1313 found at follow-up were regarded as marginal recurrences if in the proximity of the treated area and as @entity5 in other cases. From 1948 to 1957 conventional radium therapy was the usual treatment for the primary @entity5 whereas from 1958 to 1965 cobalt teletherapy was given most frequently. Surgery was reserved for lymph node @entity3 when present on clinical examination. In our experience radiotherapy is effective in @entity5 of the mucosal surface of the cheek, for it checked local spread in 50.9% of cases, however treated and regardless of initial clinical appearance, whereas in the T1-T2 cases the local failure rate dropped to 35.8%. The higher the T level the greater are the difficulties confronting radiotherapy; for more extensive lesions appropriate combination therapy (radiosurgical) in line with the well-defined rules explained in the text is useful. In our experience radiotherapy yields good long term results regardless of T level and even in the more unfavorable cases. Our study confirms the low rate of lymph spread of these @entity189 : over half of the @entity1 were N0 before treatment; only 56.7% of the @entity1 receiving surgical treatment on the neck had histologically positive lymph nodes; there were very few neck recurrences at follow-up; the presence of suspect or frankly metastatic nodes on clinical examination, being movable and homolateral (N1), did not worsen the prognosis. However, considering the techniques used for irradiation of the primary, some @entity1 received a substantial dose to the neck; hence radiotherapy probably played its part in the low rate of neck @entity3 .

title: [Results of radiotherapy in a series of 250 XXXX of the mucosal surface of the cheek (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['Neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'secondary tumors', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several prognostic indexes (PI) have been developed in the brain metastases (BM) setting to help physicians tailor treatment options and stratify @entity1 enrolled in clinical studies. The aim of our study was to compare the clinical relevance of the major PI for @entity0 BM. METHODS: Clinical and biological data of 250 @entity0 @entity1 diagnosed with BM at two institutions between 1995 and 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. The prognostic value and accuracy of recursive partitioning analysis (RPA), graded prognostic assessment (GPA), basic score for BM (BS-BM), breast RPA, breast GPA, Le Scodan's Score and a clinico-biological score developed in a phase I study (P1PS) were assessed using Cox regression models. PI comparison was performed using Harrell's concordance index. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 4.5 years, median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) from BM diagnosis was 8.9 months (CI 95%, 6.9-10.3 months). All PI were significantly associated with @entity1349 . Harrell's concordance indexes C favored BS-BM and RPA. In multivariate analysis, the RPA, Le Scodan's score and GPA were found to be the best independent predictors of @entity1349 . In multivariate analysis restricted to the 159 @entity1 with known LDH and proteinemia, @entity51996 , Le Scodan's Score 3 and P1PS 2/3 were associated with worse survival. RPA was the most accurate score to identify @entity1 with long (superior to 12 months) and short (inferior to 3 months) life expectancy. CONCLUSIONS: RPA seems to be the most useful score and performs better than new PI for @entity0 BM.

title: Comparative performances of prognostic indexes for XXXX @entity1 presenting with brain metastases.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity7318 ( @entity7318 ) is a key metabolic regulator mediating glucose and lipid metabolism. @entity1129 mutated ( @entity2155 ) is a member of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase superfamily and regulates cell cycle progression. The orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner ( @entity55778 : @entity55778 ) plays a pivotal role in regulating metabolic processes. Here, we studied the role of @entity2155 on @entity7318 -dependent regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis in the liver. @entity7318 induced @entity28335 ( @entity28335 ) and glucose 6-phosphatase gene expression in primary hepatocytes. @entity7318 treatment and adenovirus-mediated @entity23117 overexpression in hepatocytes increased glucose production, which was blocked by a @entity16404 inhibitor, @entity22943 , dominant negative @entity23117 , and @entity23117 knockdown. We identified a @entity23117 binding site on the @entity28335 gene promoter using reporter assays and point mutation analysis. Up-regulation of @entity55778 by metformin-mediated activation of the @entity2155 -AMP-activated protein kinase pathway led to inhibition of @entity7318 -mediated induction of hepatic gluconeogenesis, which was abolished by an @entity2155 inhibitor, @entity39042 . Immunoprecipitation studies showed that @entity55778 physically interacted with @entity23117 and inhibited @entity23117 recruitment on the @entity28335 gene promoter. @entity7318 -induced hepatic gluconeogenesis was decreased by either metformin or Ad- @entity55778 , whereas the inhibition by metformin was abolished by @entity55778 knockdown. Finally, the increase of hepatic gluconeogenesis following GH treatment was significantly higher in the liver of @entity55778 null @entity19 compared with that of wild-type @entity19 . Overall, our results suggest that the @entity2155 -AMP-activated protein kinase- @entity55778 network, as a novel mechanism for regulating @entity99 via a @entity7318 -dependent pathway, may be a potential therapeutic target for insulin resistance.

title: Orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner negatively regulates @entity7318 -mediated induction of hepatic gluconeogenesis through inhibition of XXXX ( @entity23117 ) transactivation.

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic glucose homeostasis']

entities_list: @entity28335 :: ('18534(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['PEPCK', 'phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['Ataxia telangiectasia']

answer: @entity23117 :: (20850(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['signal transducer and activator of transcription 5']