abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Eosinophils are implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity29 ( @entity29 ). A subset of @entity29 @entity1 develops @entity1503 , and the clinical profile of these @entity1 is undefined. We sought to characterize @entity29 @entity1 with and without @entity1712 . METHODS: We studied a prospective registry of 1,176 @entity29 @entity1 followed in a tertiary referral center. @entity1 who developed @entity1712 at any time were identified by electronic medical record query. We performed a chart review case-control study comparing @entity1 with recurrent @entity1712 versus randomly selected disease-matched @entity1 with no history of @entity1712 . Histological analysis was performed on selected cases and controls. RESULTS: Eosinophilia at any time was more prevalent in @entity31 ( @entity31 ) @entity1 than @entity30 @entity1 (22.2 versus 12.7%), as was recurrent @entity1712 (3.4 versus 0.7%). @entity31 @entity1 with recurrent @entity1712 were predominantly male compared with the control @entity31 population (81.3 versus 46.9%) and had higher rates of colectomy for either medically refractory disease or @entity1141 / @entity5 than control @entity31 @entity1 (56.3 versus 15.6%). @entity991 ( @entity991 ) occurred in 37.5% of @entity31 @entity1 with recurrent @entity1712 compared with only 3.1% in the @entity31 controls. Histological analysis of random diagnostic samples from @entity31 @entity1 with recurrent @entity1712 demonstrated a normal eosinophil pattern as seen in the control @entity31 population. CONCLUSIONS: Eosinophilia-associated @entity31 is a subgroup of @entity29 associated with severe @entity1960 and @entity991 . Further studies are warranted to characterize molecular mechanisms underlying @entity1712 -associated @entity31 and to determine optimal approaches for therapy.

title: Recurrent XXXX in @entity31 is associated with severe disease and @entity991 .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['PSC', 'Primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['blood eosinophilia']


abstract: The anterior commissure may be a line or an area with the same vertical extension as the vocal cords anteriorly. If it is an area it may laterally be bounded by the "maculae flavae". The subglottic region includes the under surface of the vocal cords corresponding to the mucosa covering the conus elasticus and the mucosa inferiorly to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage. Serial sectioning has proved that the weak spot of the laryngeal framework is the anterior midline as far as @entity5 invasion of cartilage and extension of @entity5 outside the larynx through the cricothyroid membrane is concerned. Despite many unfavorable anatomico-pathological points at this site, radiotherapy gives at least as good results as those reported with conservative (voice conservation) surgery. Primary @entity189 are rare. In a series of 110 serially sectioned laryngectomy specimens only four were classified as subglottic. These @entity5 possess specific characteristics: an extensive circumferential growth, cartilage invasion, and spread outside the larynx through the cricothyroid membrane, to @entity825 or to the hypopharynx. Twenty-four @entity5 were classified as glottic-subglottic. Three of these invaded the thyroid cartilage and seven spread outside the larynx through the cricothyroid membrane. Vocal cord fixation occurred in all four subglottic and in six of the @entity5 . The thyroarytenoid muscle was most freqeuntly invaded. Thyroid gland invasion did not occur in any of the @entity5 . A metastatic focus of @entity5 was observed in one lobe of the thyroid in the glottic-subglottic group. Two neck dissections were performed in the subglottic group and one of these contained a @entity189 . Eleven neck dissections were performed in the glottic-subglottic group and three contained @entity3 .

title: Specific features of XXXX involving the anterior commissure and the subglottic region.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'glottic-subglottic tumors', 'early tumor', 'subglottic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['subglottic carcinomas', 'metastatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']


abstract: Since 1994, external fixation using a long hip screw was used for osteosynthesis of @entity173 in 41 @entity1 (27 @entity1 and 14 @entity1 ) 76 to 94 years of age (mean age, 85 years) to minimize the risks associated with an open surgical procedure and general or long lasting spinal anesthesia. The @entity1 were operated on under short duration spinal anesthesia, and intraoperative blood transfusion was not required in any @entity1 . The hip screw was inserted on a guide pin within a protective sleeve in such a way as to achieve impaction at the @entity174 site as compression was applied in 35 @entity1 . The hip screw was left free for sliding and dynamization in six @entity1 . Diaphyseal distraction by the fixator was used in three of nine unstable @entity174 to @entity85 . The range of times to apply the external fixator was 20 to 45 minutes (mean, 35 minutes). The mean hospital stay was 6 days (range, 3-12 days) and the time to @entity174 union was 12 weeks (range, 11-13 weeks). Five @entity1 died within 3 months. There were no nonunions or deep infections, but in 18 @entity1 superficial skin reactions were seen around the pins and the screw. No material failure occurred. The method is thought to offer easy and safe stabilization of these @entity174 with the exception of temporary skin problems, which do not create a major problem.

title: External fixation of select intertrochanteric XXXX with single hip screw.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['trochanteric fractures']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['correct varus deformity']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: A subset of neoplastic cells within @entity1 high-grade @entity11 has features associated with stem cells. These cells may sustain @entity11 growth, and their stem-like properties may confer resistance to standard @entity11 treatments. Whether @entity11 stem cells derive from indigenous neural stem cells (NSC), or from @entity5 cells that have reacquired stem cell-like properties, is unknown. However, signaling pathways that are tightly regulated and central to NSC biology, including the Ras/ @entity19705 / @entity13436 pathway, are hyperactive and pathogenic in gliomagenesis. Furthermore, data in animal models suggests that, in some cases, @entity5 are initiated in the subventricular zone (SVZ), a stem/progenitor cell niche in the mature brain. We activated oncogenic @entity11518 in @entity19 glioneuronal precursor cells and adult SVZ cells using @entity9327 -Cre. @entity9327 -Cre+/ @entity11518 ( @entity4706 ) @entity19 showed a marked expansion of @entity9327 ( @entity9327 )- and TUJ1-expressing cell populations in the SVZ. In addition, @entity19 developed intermediate grade, @entity11 with 100% penetrance. @entity5 were consistently located in the amygdalohippocampal region and nearby cortex, often in association with the lateral ventricle and expanded SVZ. @entity5 cells expressed markers associated with neural progenitor cells, including @entity18900 , @entity23250 , and @entity20421 . These data suggest that infiltrating @entity5 cells may arise from NSC transformed by activation of oncogenic @entity11518 in vivo.

title: @entity9327 -Cre-mediated activation of oncogenic XXXX results in expansion of the subventricular zone and @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity9327 :: ('14580(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibriallary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['infiltrating glioma', 'glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity4706 :: ('p|SUB|G|12|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['G12D']

answer: @entity11518 :: (16653(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['K-ras']


abstract: @entity3118 was used to treat 68 @entity1 with previously treated @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ). Nine (13%) @entity1 achieved a complete remission and 30 (44%) a partial remission. The response rates for Rai stages 0 to 2, 3, and 4 were 64%, 58%, and 50% respectively. Seventeen (43%) of the 40 Rai stage 1 to 3 @entity1 and four (19%) of the Rai stage 4 @entity1 returned to Rai stage 0. Survival was strongly correlated with the final Rai stage achieved. The survival of the 11 partial responders with @entity66 consisting only of residual bone-marrow nodules was similar to the complete responders (36+ months) and superior to the other partial response @entity1 (16 months). The response to @entity3118 was rapid, with 36 (92%) of the 39 responders having achieved at least a partial response following the first three courses. Complete responses occurred in the blood, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes in 48% to 69% of the @entity1 . Eradication of all disease in the bone marrow occurred in only 13% of the cases. @entity1398 and @entity882 occurred in 56% and 25% of evaluable courses. @entity281 occurred in 9% of evaluable courses and fevers of unknown origin or minor @entity281 in 12% of courses respectively. @entity281 were more common in @entity1 with initial Rai stages 3 and 4 and in nonresponding @entity1 . Other @entity137 was mild. No CNS @entity137 was noted.

title: XXXX : a new agent with major activity against @entity1072 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['Fludarabine', 'fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Major infections', 'Myelosuppression and infection', 'infections']

answer: @entity3118 :: (MESH:C024352,Chemical) :: ['Fludarabine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Our purpose was to describe the treatment outcome of @entity1 with @entity8462 ( @entity8462 ) and to identify prognostic factors that affect the treatment outcome. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1980 and 1991, 107 newly diagnosed, previously untreated @entity1 with @entity8462 were prospectively treated using treatment plans of the @entity706 Study Group (NLSG). Most stage I/II @entity1 received two to three cycles of one of four closely related six-drug combination chemotherapy regimens ( @entity786 , @entity632 or @entity2664 , and @entity4174 , plus @entity1732 , @entity1891 , and @entity229 or @entity619 [CAP/ @entity19537 I-IV]) plus involved-field radiotherapy; 10 @entity1 received involved-field irradiation only. Stage III/IV @entity1 received six to eight cycles of CAP/ @entity19537 . RESULTS: Forty-four percent of @entity1 had stage I/II disease. Stage I/II @entity1 were older and more often female than stage III/IV @entity1 . Cytogenetic studies were available on 35 @entity1 : seven were normal; the most common abnormality was a translocation involving 14q32. Abnormalities of 1p or 1q were also common, often secondary to a 14q32 abnormality. The median follow-up of surviving @entity1 is 2 years. The complete response rates observed were stage I/II, 88%; stage III/IV, 49%. Complete response rates were affected by both age and @entity5 bulk. Failure-free survival (FFS; time to first occurrence of progression, relapse after response, or @entity204 from any cause) at 3 years was estimated to be 61% for stage I/II @entity1 and 34% for stage III/IV @entity1 . Survival at 3 years was estimated to be 76% and 61%, respectively. FFS of stage III/IV @entity1 was poorer for stage IV @entity1 and those with @entity13875 . Significantly poorer survival was only seen in @entity1 older than 70 years of age. CONCLUSION: A proportion of stage I/II @entity8462 @entity1 may obtain long-term disease control with combination chemotherapy plus radiotherapy. Results for @entity1 with stage III/IV @entity8462 are similar to those seen for other @entity706 .

title: Clinical features and prognosis of @entity8462 : a report from the XXXX Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['follicular lymphomas', 'Nebraska Lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity8462 :: ('MESH:D008224', 'Disease') :: ['follicular large-cell lymphoma', 'FLCL']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity13875 :: ('MESH:D058617', 'Disease') :: ['composite lymphomas']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Nebraska Lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of hormone replacement therapy on life expectancy in postmenopausal @entity1 with different risk profiles for @entity299 , @entity0 , and @entity173 . DESIGN: Decision analysis using a Markov model. Published regression models were used to link risk factors to disease incidence and to estimate the lifetime risks of developing @entity301 ( @entity301 ), @entity0 , @entity173 , and @entity1204 . The impact of hormone therapy on disease incidence was estimated from published epidemiologic studies. SETTING: Mathematical model applicable to primary care. INTERVENTIONS: Treatment with hormone replacement therapy or no hormone replacement therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Life expectancy. RESULTS: @entity9646 replacement therapy should increase life expectancy for nearly all postmenopausal @entity1 , with some gains exceeding 3 years, depending mainly on an individual's risk factors for @entity301 and @entity0 . For @entity1 with at least 1 risk factor for @entity301 , hormone therapy should extend life expectancy, even for @entity1 having first-degree relatives with @entity0 . @entity1 without any risk factors for @entity301 or @entity173 , but who have 2 first-degree relatives with @entity0 , however, should not receive hormone therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The benefit of hormone replacement therapy in reducing the likelihood of developing @entity301 appears to outweigh the risk of @entity0 for nearly all @entity1 in whom this treatment might be considered. Our analysis supports the broader use of hormone replacement therapy.

title: XXXX -specific decisions about hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with infusional @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ), @entity632 and @entity786 (iFAC) in locally advanced @entity0 (LABC). @entity1 AND METHODS: Eighty-two LABC @entity1 were treated with neoadjuvant iFAC chemotherapy including infusional @entity1487 (1000 mg/m2, continuous intravenous infusion, days 1-3), @entity632 (40 mg/m2, intravenous bolus, day 1) and @entity786 (600 mg/m2, intravenous bolus, day 1) every 3 weeks until maximum @entity5 response. @entity1 subsequently received surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormonal therapy as appropriate. RESULTS: Downstaging occurred in 71 of the 82 @entity1 (86.6%). Seventy-two @entity1 (67 @entity1 with downstaging and five @entity1 without downstaging) were resectable (resectability rate, 87.8%). The clinical response rate was 84.2%, with a complete response (CR) rate of 17.1% and a pathological CR rate of 7.8%. During 891 cycles of chemotherapy, the most common grade 3/4 hematological @entity137 was @entity1431 (36.0%). There were no treatment-related @entity204 . The median follow-up period was 51 months, with a median overall survival (OS) of 66 months, and a 5 year OS rate of 50.9% for all @entity1 . The 5 year OS and disease-free survival (DFS) rates of the 64 @entity1 who underwent surgery were 55.8% and 44.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with iFAC had a comparable response rate and DFS to the conventional bolus FAC regimen, with an acceptable @entity137 in LABC using the AJCC 2002 staging system. An early response to neoadjuvant iFAC was a favorable prognostic factor.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with infusional @entity1487 , @entity632 and XXXX (iFAC) in locally advanced @entity0 : an early response predicts good prognosis.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: Extensive lesions were produced in cell walls of @entity375 by the @entity1732 family of anticancer antibiotics (30 min to 4 h). Electron micrographs revealed that the alterations were most frequently large breaks and small interruptions or holes in cell walls, which sometimes extended into cell membranes. Large portions of cell walls were sometimes lost. Cell walls were frequently ruptured in one or more positions. More than 75% of bud scar regions in single-plane sections and all bud scars in serial sections exhibited many interruptions and breaks after 3 or 4 h of treatment. The discovery of extensive damage to cell walls was consistent with the preferential (approximately 70%) association of radiolabeled @entity1732 with cell walls and perimeters of bud scar regions after short exposures (30 min). After longer exposures, the distribution of @entity575 grains changed from a predominant association with cell walls (30 min) to an increased association with the cell cytoplasm (1 to 4 h). This correlated with @entity16 , since damage to cell walls was generally more frequent and more severe with increasing length of treatment (30 min to 4 h) or dose (25 to 100 micrograms/ml). Although DNA lesions are believed to be the lethal properties of @entity1732 , the lesions produced in cell walls are also lethal properties of the antibiotics. The distributions of lesions on cell walls suggested a generalized interaction of the antibiotic with a cell wall component. These results led us to hypothesize a mechanism of effective antifungal action for the @entity1732 family of antibiotics.

title: Lesions and preferential initial localization of [S-methyl-3H]bleomycin A2 on XXXX cell walls and membranes.

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['increased ultrastructural damage']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycins', 'bleomycin']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To document compliance with medication, drop-out and drop-in rates, and baseline cardiovascular event rates during the pilot phase of the @entity13379 (Prevention with low-dose @entity117 of @entity65 in the Elderly) study. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of low-dose @entity117 therapy. SETTING: Community-based, in general practices and residential retirement villages, in Victoria, Australia. SUBJECTS: Four hundred @entity1 aged 70 years and older (53% females), ambulatory and living independently, who volunteered to participate. None had significant @entity455 , peptic ulceration, @entity6243 , or were currently taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Compliance with medication (assessed by pill count and platelet function tests), self-reported drop-out and drop-in rates, and incidence of @entity65 reported by @entity1 and their general practitioners during a 12-month period. RESULTS: Two fatal @entity65 , three non-fatal coronary events, and eight non-fatal cerebrovascular events were observed during the 12-month period. These incidence figures were approximately 15%, 15%, and 40%, respectively, of those in the general population of the same age and sex, based on morbidity data available from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Compliance to medication was excellent (87%), and premature withdrawal (other than for a study end point) was limited to 14.5%. Secondary 'softer' endpoints, such as transient ischaemic attack and unstable @entity951 , necessitated @entity1 withdrawal from randomized therapy and possibly contributed to the small number of primary 'hard' end points observed. The projected power of the main study to detect a 20% treatment effect on overall cardiovascular mortality in 15,000 subjects over a 4-year period may, therefore, be substantially reduced. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that any future primary prevention study of @entity65 in the elderly examining the effect of low-dose @entity117 on overall cardiovascular mortality will likely need to use much larger numbers of @entity1 or use a combined end point of fatal and non-fatal @entity63 events.

title: The XXXX pilot study: 12-month results and implications for future primary prevention trials in the elderly. (Prevention with low-dose @entity117 of @entity65 in the Elderly)

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6243 :: ('MESH:D006474', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular events', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity13379 :: (5045,Gene) :: ['PACE']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The views and clinical practice of @entity1 's @entity5 units were surveyed regarding management of central venous catheter (CVC) occlusion ( @entity432 ), CVC-related @entity715 (CVC- @entity715 ) and @entity1031 (CVC- @entity1031 ). PROCEDURE: A questionnaire was sent to all 22 United Kingdom @entity1 's @entity5 Study Group centres, requesting information about their views of the importance of, and their practices regarding, prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment of @entity432 / @entity715 . RESULTS: Twenty (91%) centres responded. Eighty percent, 80% and 70%, respectively, stated that @entity432 , CVC- @entity715 and CVC- @entity1031 were clinically important concerns. All centres used heparinised saline flushes as prophylaxis against @entity432 , with little variation (</=30% centres) in frequency, volume and heparin concentration. Symptoms or signs suggesting partial @entity432 , @entity432 , or CVC- @entity715 / @entity1031 were always investigated in 20%, 55% and 85% of centres, respectively, but with considerable variability in the nature and sequence of investigations performed, which included (depending on the clinical scenario) chest X-ray, contrast linography or venography, ultrasonography, echocardiography and magnetic resonance venography. A fibrinolytic lock was administered before investigation of @entity432 in 75% of centres. Although 45%, 60% and 80%, respectively, always treated partial @entity432 , @entity432 or CVC- @entity715 / @entity1031 , the type and order of treatments differed greatly between centres, especially for CVC- @entity715 / @entity1031 , in which CVC removal, systemic anticoagulation (heparin or @entity1229 ), local or systemic fibrinolysis, or thrombectomy were performed in at least some centres. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical practice of UKCCSG centres regarding prevention, investigation and treatment of @entity432 / @entity715 varies greatly. Additional trials should facilitate development of evidence-based guidelines.

title: Prevention and management of central venous catheter occlusion and @entity715 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['total CVC-occlusion', 'CVC-occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effects of transthoracic or transhiatal esophagectomy on the long-term survival of @entity1 who had @entity7145 were compared, as were factors applicable in preoperative stratification of @entity1 treatment. METHODS: A cohort of 147 consecutive @entity1 with @entity7145 was evaluated for esophagectomy between 1984 and 2000. The @entity1 were followed prospectively and observed survival rates of @entity1 with a transthoracic or transhiatal approach to esophagectomy were compared by standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and relative mortality ratio (RMR) using the expected survival of a matched Norwegian population. RESULTS: A R0 resection was performed by transthoracic (n = 33) or a transhiatal (n = 55) esophagectomy in 88 (60%) @entity1 with a median age of 61 (range: 35-77) and 70 (42-88) years, respectively (P <0.001). @entity5 stages and other possible risk factors were similar in the two groups. Transthoracic or transhiatal esophagectomy resulted in a median survival time of 20.5 (95% confidence interval (CI): 10.4-57.6) and 16.4 (10.6-28.7) months, respectively. The respective survival rates were 31.2% and 27.8% by 5 years, and 21.3% and 16.6% by 10 years with an overall RMR of 1.14 (P = 0.63). Median survival time in the absence or presence of lymph node @entity3 was 74.0 (95% CI: 17.5-166.4) and 10.7 (7.9-14.9) months. The corresponding survival rates by 10 years with non-involved or involved nodes were 48.9% and 3.8% respectively (RMR 2.22, P = 0.007). @entity1 with a pT1- @entity5 were few and the survival rate was not very different from that of the general population (SMR = 1.7, 95% CI: 0.7-4.1). The median survival time of @entity1 with a pT2- @entity5 was 30.4 (95% CI: 9.0-142) months and with a pT3- @entity5 14 (9.2-16.4) months. The survival rates by 10 years among @entity1 with a pT1 @entity5 were 57.0% (95% CI: 14.9-78.9), pT2 33.3% (11.8-52.2), and pT3 7.1% (1.9-15.5). The relative mortality for T3 stages compared to T1 stages was statistically significant (RMR = 3.22, P = 0.024). CONCLUSION: Transthoracic and transhiatal esophagectomy are both effective approaches for treatment of @entity7145 and survival of more than 10 years can be expected without adjuvant chemotherapy. However, increasing depth of @entity5 invasion and lymph node @entity3 reduce life expectancy.

title: Long-term survival from XXXX after transthoracic and transhiatal esophagectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity7145 :: ('MESH:C562730', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the esophagus']

answer: @entity7145 :: (MESH:C562730,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the esophagus']


abstract: Negative evaluation fears figure prominently in the cognitive psychology of @entity1 with @entity913 . In this study, we examine the heritability of negative evaluation fears by using a twin sample. The authors also examine the relationships between negative evaluation fears and personality dimensions relevant to @entity913 . Scores on the brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE) were examined in a sample of 437 (245 monozygotic and 192 dizygotic) twin pairs. Biometrical model fitting was conducted by using standard statistical methods. Genetic and environmental correlations with personality dimensions (from the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire) were also calculated. Broad heritability estimate of the BFNE was 48%. Additive genetic effects and unique environmental effects emerged as the primary influences on negative evaluation fears. Genetic correlations between BFNE scores and the submissiveness, anxiousness, and social avoidance facets of the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire were high (r(g) =.78 to.80). A cognitive dimension central to the phenomenology (and, perhaps, cause) of @entity913 , the fear of being negatively evaluated, is moderately heritable. Moreover, the same genes that influence negative evaluation fears appear to influence a cluster of @entity148 characteristics. Implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.

title: Heritability of XXXX and personality characteristics: a twin study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety-related personality']

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['social phobia']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['social anxiety-related concerns']


abstract: Molecular epidemiology is defined as "the use of biological markers in epidemiologic research" and @entity74 is defined as "the study of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors in epidemiologic research". Traditional epidemiologic approaches defined as "the study of the distribution and determinants of disease frequency in @entity1 population" could not address the importance of genetic susceptibility of @entity1 in disease occurrence. However, the use of biological or genetic markers identified and characterized by the help of advance in molecular biology and @entity1 genetics now can provide us better understanding of multi-factorial or multistep disease occurrence in @entity1 . Biological markers used in molecular epidemiology are classified into three groups: biomarkers of exposure (i.e., carcinogen metabolites in @entity1 urine, DNA-adducts, etc.), biomarkers of effects (i.e., oncoproteins, @entity5 markers, etc.), and biomarkers of susceptibility (i.e., genetic polymorphisms of carcinogen metabolism enzymes, DNA repair, etc.). Susceptibility genes involved in disease pathogenesis are categorized into two groups: high penetrance genes (i.e., BRAC1, RB, etc.) and low penetrance genes (i.e., @entity47420 , @entity20319 , etc.). This paper will address the usefulnesses of bomarkers in edpidemiologic research and will show the examples of the use of selected low penetrance genes involved in @entity1 @entity105 . The importance of multidisciplinary approaches among epidemiologists, molecular biologists, and @entity1 geneticists will also be discussed.

title: [Molecular and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic epidemiology']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['genetic epidemiology']


abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the short-term clinical efficacy and safety of @entity1090 with @entity1767 and placebo. A meta-analysis of seven published randomized double-blind controlled trials was carried out. Study quality was assessed. The proportion of @entity1 failing to reach at least 20% improvement on the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) or brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS), the proportion of @entity1 discontinuing treatment because of adverse effects and the number of @entity1 who needed antiparkinsonian medication were abstracted for use as outcome measures. Treatment failure was present in 50% of @entity1090 -treated @entity1 compared to 66% in those treated with @entity1767 and 83% in those treated with placebo. It would be necessary to treat 11 @entity1 with @entity1090 to prevent one treatment failure in those @entity1 treated with @entity1767 (Odds ratio (OR) = 0.74, 95% CI of 0.58-0.94, P = 0.02). Pooling of the three multicentre trials which included placebo as a treatment arm, showed that one in three @entity1 treated with @entity1090 4-16 mg/day (OR = 0.22, 95% CI of 0.13-0.39, P < 0.00001) and one in six treated with @entity1767 10-20 mg/day. (OR = 0.44, 95% CI of 0.22-0.84, P = 0.02) would derive significant benefit. Moreover, there was a highly significant greater need for anticholinergic medication due to @entity21 ( @entity21 ) in the @entity1767 -treated @entity1 compared to @entity1090 (OR = 0.54, 95% CI of 0.42-0.70, P < 0.00001). In conclusion, @entity1090 seems to be more effective and causes less @entity21 than @entity1767 , as suggested by the significantly lower requirement for antiparkinsonian medication.

title: @entity1090 versus XXXX in the treatment of schizophrenia: a meta-analysis comparing their efficacy and safety.

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal symptoms', 'EPS']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity1767 :: (MESH:D006220,Chemical) :: ['haloperidol']


abstract: Whereas many foreign proteins are immunogenic, only a proportion is also allergenic, having the capacity to induce the quality of immune response necessary to support the production of IgE antibody. We have demonstrated previously that intraperitoneal administration to @entity19 of proteins such as ovalbumin (OVA) or the industrial enzyme A. oryzae lipase, which possess significant allergenic potential, stimulates the production of both IgG and IgE antibody. Identical exposure to bovine serum albumin (BSA), a protein with limited potential to cause immediate @entity344 reactions, induced IgG responses only. In the current investigations, the quality of immune responses induced following exposure to these proteins via mucosal tissue (intranasal) has been compared with those provoked following administration via a non-mucosal (intraperitoneal) route of exposure. Intranasal or intraperitoneal administration of BSA, OVA or A. oryzae lipase elicited in each case vigorous IgG and @entity9686 antibody responses. For all three proteins, at every concentration tested, and via both routes of exposure, @entity9686 antibody titres paralleled closely IgG titres. However, the three materials displayed a differential potential to provoke IgE responses and this correlated with their known allergenic potential in @entity1 . Thus, OVA and A. oryzae lipase stimulated strong IgE antibody responses, whereas BSA provoked low titre IgE only at the highest concentration tested (5% administered intraperitoneally). The quality of induced responses was not affected by the route of exposure. It would appear, therefore, that the stimulation of IgG and @entity9686 antibody responses is a reflection of protein immunogenicity whereas protein allergenicity is associated with the induction of strong IgE responses.

title: Characteristics of antibody responses induced in XXXX by protein allergens.

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory or gastrointestinal hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Medicinal products of biological origin still carry a specific iatrogenic risk, mainly because of their starting material, mode of preparation and variability. Careful postmarketing surveillance systems are therefore necessary. To assess the long-term safety of @entity447 treatment with plasma-derived and recombinant clotting factor products, a cohort study was set up in France in 1994. @entity1 were @entity1 with @entity447 and B, with or without previous clotting factor therapy. Clinical events, treatments, biological data and adverse events were recorded on standard forms. Blood samples were separated into serum, plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, frozen, and banked in a central laboratory. The same data and samples were collected at yearly follow-up visits. As of December 1999, 1234 haemophiliacs were enrolled in 39 @entity447 centres. At enrollment, 50.2% of @entity1 were under 15 years of age, and the cumulative number of days of exposure to the product was below 50 in 35.1% of cases. The median duration of follow-up was 26.9 months, with a total of 2729 @entity1 -years (135,947 days of exposure and 211 million units of factor VIII or IX). To date, only 17 @entity1 were lost to follow-up. The initial results show good compliance with this health-watch policy among @entity1 and clinicians specializing in @entity447 . The regular follow-up data and centralized sample bank will serve to investigate rapidly any suspected outbreaks as soon as reliable biological tests become available in the future.

title: The French XXXX cohort: rationale and organization of a long-term national pharmacosurveillance system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia', 'haemophilia A']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['haemophilia']


abstract: @entity8 affecting 3 male and 1 female English Cocker Spaniels was studied. Clinical features of the disease included @entity644 and progressive @entity177 . @entity235 were 11 to 27 months old when euthanized because of severe @entity177 . Grossly, the renal cortices were thin. Light microscopic evaluation revealed @entity8 characterized by mesangial thickening, glomerular @entity82 , periglomerular @entity82 , and glomerular obsolescence. Based on these clinical and pathologic features, @entity8 of English Cocker Spaniels was suspected despite the fact that the individual @entity235 were not closely related. On transmission electron microscopy, a distinctive ultrastructural lesion was observed in the glomerular basement membranes (GBM) of all @entity235 . The GBM exhibited extensive thickening, multilaminar splitting, and @entity1949 . Electron dense deposits, suggestive of @entity8 , were notably absent. A similar ultrastructural @entity8 is found in @entity1 beings and Samoyeds with @entity3686 , diseases caused by mutations in the type IV collagen genes. @entity8 in English Cocker Spaniels may be a form of @entity3686 caused by a mutation in one of the collagen IV genes.

title: Glomerular ultrastructural findings similar to XXXX in 4 English cocker spaniels.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Familial nephropathy', 'GBM lesion', 'immunocomplex glomerular disease', 'Renal disease', 'familial nephropathy', 'diffuse glomerular disease']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity3686 :: ('MESH:D009394', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary nephritis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['deterioration of renal function', 'chronic renal failure']

answer: @entity3686 :: (MESH:D009394,Disease) :: ['hereditary nephritis']


abstract: C57BL/6, BALB/c, and CBA @entity19 were infected either by @entity2497 BCG or by @entity8352 ( @entity8352 ). @entity54928 and @entity60 ( @entity60 ) were measured in the supernatants of draining lymph node cells (DLN) or control lymph node cells from uninfected @entity19 , restimulated in vitro by the heat-killed infecting @entity2497 . Uninfected lymph node cells did not develop any @entity58 , @entity2047 , and @entity60 response to BCG and @entity8352 . A significant @entity777 response to BCG was observed, with @entity11643 being the best producer and C57BL/6 the weakest. BCG-infected @entity19 , which controlled the @entity281 , displayed variable patterns of lymphokine response to BCG according to the strain. C57BL/6 DLN cells produced more @entity777 and @entity60 than @entity2047 , whereas BALB/c @entity19 produced more @entity2047 . CBA secreted lymphokines with a similar pattern to that of BALB/c but in lower amounts. @entity58 was not detected in any supernatant. @entity8352 -infected @entity19 displayed variable susceptibilities to @entity281 : C57BL/6 was resistant, BALB/c was susceptible after an initial efficient control, and CBA was fully susceptible. In each strain the lymphokine response to @entity8352 was much lower than that triggered by BCG, but the pattern was similar. Thus, C57BL/6 DLN cells still produced significants amounts of @entity2047 , @entity777 , and @entity60 , whereas BALB/c secreted @entity2047 alone and CBA did not produce any detectable lymphokine. @entity58 was again not detected in any supernatant. The failure of BALB/c and CBA strains to develop @entity60 and @entity777 responses to @entity8352 might contribute to their low resistance to this infection.

title: Strain differences in @entity19 cellular responses to @entity2497 lepraemurium and BCG subcutaneous infections. II. Production of interleukins 2, 4, and 6 and of XXXX by draining lymph node cells.

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['BCG infection', 'MLM infection']

entities_list: @entity2497 :: ('1765', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium bovis', 'Mycobacterium']

entities_list: @entity8352 :: ('MESH:C566367', 'Disease') :: ['MLM', 'M. lepraemurium']

answer: @entity60 :: (15978(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['interferon-gamma']


abstract: Technological advances in radiation beam planning and linear accelerator based radiation delivery have led to the development of three dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT). The 3D-CRT clinical treatment in our hospital was started in September 1998 and till December 2002, 51 @entity1 with M(0) @entity263 were treated. Treatment method consisted of pelvis and leg immobilization, planning CT scan, marking of planning target volume and organs at risk and 3D beam plan using multileaf collimated beam shaping through beam's eye view display. Network controlled 3D conformal radiation therapy was delivered with portal image verification. The median 3D-CRT dose was 72 Gy. Of the 51 @entity1 , 35 were followed-up till December 2002 (minimum follow-up 2 years) in whom 32 were disease free and 3 had @entity74 . Eleven @entity1 died, 8 of @entity74 , one due to second @entity5 and two of intercurrent illness. Five @entity1 were lost for follow up during 0 - 29 months period, after 3D-CRT. The acute rectal reaction (RTOG criteria) in 51 @entity1 was grade 0 in 4, grade I in 31 and grade II in 16. None had greater than grade II @entity137 . The late @entity137 in 49 @entity1 who had a minimum 6 months follow-up was grade 0 in 41, grade I in 3 and grade II in 5. Our experience suggests that a dose of 72 Gy by 3D-CRT can be safely delivered to the prostate and gastrointestinal tolerance during treatment and follow-up period was excellent.

title: Three dimensional conformal radiation therapy in @entity263 : survival and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['rectal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['stage prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['rectal toxicity']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the correlation between ASCA and presence of mucosal @entity375 DNA in a population of @entity1050 , @entity31 ( @entity31 ) @entity1 and controls. METHODS: @entity375 -specific primers and a fluorescent probe were designed for a 5' exonuclease real time PCR (TaqMan) assay, which is a homogenous system using a fluorescent-labelled probe for the detection of PCR product in real time. We analyzed the relation of the PCR results with the ASCA findings in a group of 76 @entity29 ( @entity29 ) @entity1 (31 @entity1050 , 45 @entity31 ) and 22 @entity23 ( @entity23 ). RESULTS: ASCA (IgA or IgG) were positive in 19 (61%) @entity1 with @entity1050 , 12 (27%) with @entity31 and none of the @entity23 . PCR amplification was inhibited and excluded from the final results in 10 (22%) @entity31 @entity1 , 7 (22%) @entity1050 @entity1 , and 6 (30%) @entity23 . In only 15 of the mucosal samples, @entity375 DNA was detected by real time PCR, including 7 (29%) in @entity1050 , 7 (19%) in @entity31 , 1 (6%) in @entity23 . In 4 @entity1050 and in 4 @entity31 @entity1 , ASCA and mucosal @entity375 were positive. Mucosal @entity375 was present in combination with negative ASCA IgA and IgG in 3 @entity31 , and 3 @entity1050 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: We conclude that since the presence of @entity375 in colonic mucosal biopsy specimens is very rare, ASCA is unlikely to be explained by continuous exposure to @entity375 in the mucosa. Therefore, ASCA formation must occur earlier in life and levels remain relatively stable thereafter in immunological susceptible @entity1 .

title: Correlation between XXXX DNA in intestinal mucosal samples and anti- @entity375 cerevisiae antibodies in serum of @entity1 with @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['healthy controls', 'HC']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['S. cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: It has previously been shown in our laboratory that the @entity14645 substances purified from the thymus have a potent lymphocyte-increasing action in @entity19 . Then, lymphocyte-increasing activity was examined with @entity291 parotid gland extracts, which showed a @entity14645 activity as potent as that of the thymus extracts. The lymphocyte-increasing activity was assayed in the littermates of neonatal @entity19 of Swiss-Webster strain; the materials used for this experiment were purified preparations and several fractions obtained from the parotid gland extracts in the course of purification. It was found that the potency of lymphocyte-increasing activity rose approximately in parallel with the rise in @entity14645 activity with progress in purification. The final product, which was purified from the gland by isoelectric precipitation at pH 5.4, fractional precipitation with @entity1329 , chromatography on @entity8851 -cellulose, gel filtration on Sepharose 6B and preparative disc electrophoresis, gave a single band in @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. Its intravenous injection in @entity95 , in a dose of 10 mug/kg, produced a significant lowering in serum @entity460 (percent decrease 10.24 +/- 1.06%) compared with control animals given an injection of physiological saline. Intraperitoneal injection of this purified product, in a dose of 0.5 mug/ @entity19 , in the littermates of neonatal @entity19 , also produced a significant increase (ratio of lymphocytes to polymorphs 2.47 +/- 0.07) in lymphocytes compared with control animals injected with physiological saline (L/P ratio 1.57 +/- 0.05). These facts suggest that this purified protein fraction inherently contains both activities, but the possibility cannot be ruled out of slight contamination by a substance having a high activity. On the other hand, a fraction having no activity for lowering serum @entity460 but which had activity for increasing the lymphocytes was obtained. This is the first paper to report the presence of lymphocyte-increasing substances in the @entity291 parotid gland and the purification of one of the substances from the gland.

title: Lymphocyte-increasing action and XXXX action of parotid gland extract.

entities_list: @entity14645 :: ('MESH:C562689', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemic']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1329 :: ('MESH:D000645', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulfate']

answer: @entity14645 :: (MESH:C562689,Disease) :: ['hypocalcemic']


abstract: Our objective was to identify the benefits and barriers associated with participation in food programs. We did a content analysis of focus groups with parents (n=21), teachers (n=10), project staff (n=21), and @entity1 (n=17) in three low-income Ontario @entity497 . The key benefits identified by the three adult groups were hunger alleviation and social contact opportunities for both parents and @entity1 . Parents also benefited from volunteering with and/or participating in food programs because neighbourhood support networks developed. Teachers reported that @entity1 who attended breakfast programs became more attentive in school. The food programs also provided an opportunity for nutrition education. Offering food as part of all community programs (not just those designed to increase food availability) encouraged participation and increased attendance. @entity1 thought that attending food programs kept them healthy, and helped them work harder in school. Parents' pride was the main barrier to participation in programs; however, parents who were actively involved in program delivery did not feel stigmatized accepting food. To encourage participation, nutrition professionals should collaborate with local residents to develop and implement community-based food programs.

title: Benefits and barriers associated with participation in food programs in three low-income Ontario XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'children']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['communities']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['communities']


abstract: The vasculature of 24 primary CNS @entity1892 that were not related to @entity791 was systematically studied by electron microscopy. Seven low-grade astrocytic @entity5 were included for comparison. Classical electron microscopy features of apoptosis were found in @entity706 cells of 21 of 22 subjects. Capillaries of @entity11 and @entity706 showed changes reported previously: variability of endothelial cell (EC)-thickness and number, basal lamina thickness and duplication, and fenestrations. Primary CNS @entity1892 ECs showed two distinctive populations of electron-dense and electron-lucent cells. The electron-dense ECs occurred in 38% of all capillaries, with changes consisting of chromatin condensation in bizarre and contracted nuclei, cytoplasmic shrinkage with markedly increased electron density, and dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum. We interpreted these changes as indicative of apoptosis. Cell death eventually resulted in complete disintegration of the endothelium with @entity5 barrier in capillaries and postcapillary venules. Another population of ECs had increased cell volume, conspicuous cytoplasmic electron lucency, dispersed organelles, scattered vesicles, and apical stress fibers. We interpreted these changes as indicative of cellular regeneration. Individual apoptotic ECs often lay next to normal or regenerating ECs. Neither type of EC change was observed in @entity11 , which also lacked perivascular neoplastic lymphocytic cuffing. We believe that these populations of ECs, which have not been described in other disorders affecting the blood-brain barrier, may be induced by cytokines released from @entity39 and/or apoptotic @entity5 lymphocytes and may explain the unusual imaging characteristics of primary CNS @entity1892 treated with @entity288 .

title: The blood-brain barrier in primary XXXX : ultrastructural evidence of endothelial cell death.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas', 'lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'frank discontinuities of the EC component of the blood-tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas', 'B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['CNS lymphomas']


abstract: The anterior tibial artery arises at the lower border of the popliteus muscle, and passes anteriorly to lie on the interosseous membrane medial to the fibular neck. @entity1317 results in extravasation of blood, and the tamponade effect of the surrounding tissue may contain acute @entity548 . The blood clot gradually liquefies resulting in the formation of a fibrous capsule. Consequently, a @entity2849 contains no normal elements of arterial wall, as opposed to a true @entity438 . @entity6128 has been reported as a complication of @entity174 surgery and is usually felt to be iatrogenic. It has occurred following a @entity174 treated without surgery and may be related to the vessel being tethered by the fascia and interosseous membrane. It has also been reported in cases of blunt @entity130 to the leg without @entity174 , and as well following elective orthopedic procedures. We report the case of a @entity1 7 months following open reduction and plate fixation of a @entity174 of the distal third of the tibial shaft, who presented with a large painful proximal leg mass thought to be a @entity5 . Three previous such presentations have been found in the literature and illustrates the importance of suspecting a delayed @entity1317 following lower leg @entity130 . Duplex ultrasound examination should be performed initially to avoid an inadvertent incision and @entity548 as might occur with an inappropriate biopsy. Preoperative and intraoperative angiograms are essential to confirm the diagnosis, delineate the site and @entity130 , and help to plan the treatment.

title: Delayed posttraumatic @entity2849 of the anterior tibial artery mimicking a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['catastrophic bleeding', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['type of injury', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity6128 :: ('MESH:D020243', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudoaneurysm of the anterior tibial artery']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['Injury to the artery', 'vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['arterial aneurysm']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant tumor']


abstract: Standard therapy of @entity29 is based on the treatment with @entity288 , @entity3378 and @entity2983 . Depending on localization, extent and activity of the bowel @entity32 , these drugs are administered topically, systemically or in combination. The advantage of the topical therapy is the lack of non allergic side effects. @entity1066 and left-sided @entity1960 should, in the first approach, be treated topically with suppositories or enemas. In severe @entity1960 , a combined systemic and topical therapy is useful. In @entity30 topical agents are of minor importance. @entity2983 is efficient in mildly active @entity30 and prevents relapse for some @entity1 in remission. In severely active @entity30 , systemic @entity288 have to be administered. @entity500 , @entity205 and @entity868 are considered to be reserve drugs because of significant side effects. The clinical usefulness of new topical @entity288 showing both high antiinflammatory effect and no systemic side effects is presently investigated.

title: [Local or systemic treatment of XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['Azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['Ulcerative proctitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfasalazine']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylic acid']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']


abstract: Presynaptic @entity1808 (AII) receptor-mediated facilitation of vascular adrenergic neurotransmission was studied in the in situ, blood-perfused mesentery of 13- to 16-week-old spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) and age-matched normotensive @entity35 Kyoto @entity35 (WKY). Mesenteric arterial perfusion pressure frequency-response curves to periarterial adrenergic nerve stimulation (PNS) and dose-response curves to exogenous @entity1063 (NE) were obtained in SHR and WKY. The effects of the following treatments on the mesenteric vascular perfusion pressure responses (PPR) to PNS and NE were studied: All alone infused i.a. at 1 and 5 ng/min; All infused at 5 ng/min after [Sar1-lle8]All infused at 20 ng/min; [Sar1-lle8]All infused at 20 ng/min alone; @entity3371 alone at 0.1 mg/kg i.v.; All infused i.a. at 0.3 and 1 ng/min after @entity3371 at 0.1 mg/kg and @entity4689 injected at 3 dose levels after @entity3371 at 0.1 mg/kg. Control PPR to PNS and NE were greater in SHR than in WKY. Comparisons of PPR in SHR to those in WKY were made, therefore, at the predetermined PPR levels of 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 mm Hg. All alone shifted the PNS frequency-response curve to the left to a greater extent in the SHR than in the WKY when infused at 5 ng/min but not when infused at 1 ng/min. Both infusion rates of All had significantly different effects on the dose-response curves to NE in WKY and SHR. The effects of All infusion (5 ng/min) on both the response to PNS and to NE were antagonized completely by the concurrent infusion of [Sar1-lle8] All at 20 ng/min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Enhanced in vivo responsiveness of presynaptic @entity1808 receptor-mediated facilitation of vascular adrenergic neurotransmission in spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4689 :: ('MESH:D000803', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin I']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: Nurses form an indispensable part of the clinical team that manages @entity282 ( @entity282 ). Within a particular clinical context, nurses perceive and respond to @entity158 based on specific factors. This study aimed at illuminating the perceptions and responses of Ghanaian surgical nurses regarding their @entity1 ' @entity282 . It also identified the factors that influenced nurses' @entity158 responses. A focused ethnography was used, and data were collected through individual interviews. Sampling was performed purposively to include junior, senior, day, and night nurses who cared for surgical @entity1 . Concurrent data analysis was performed and data were saturated with 12 individual interviews. The findings indicated that nurses perceived @entity282 as an individual phenomenon, and nurses responded to @entity1 ' @entity158 by administering analgesics and by using nonpharmacologic measures. Factors that influenced the nurses' response were individual factors, such as commitment, discretion, fear of addiction, and organizational factors, such as organizational laxity and challenges of teamwork. The study recommended that nurses should be educated, supported, and encouraged to ensure @entity158 relief after surgery and that they should see @entity158 relief as a priority postoperative care to avert the negative repercussions of poorly managed @entity282 .

title: The ghanaian surgical nurse and XXXX management: a clinical ethnographic insight.

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['POP', 'postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: Many kinds of microorganisms can produce toxic @entity295 in immunocompromised hosts. We are reporting @entity2142 and @entity693 in two @entity1 with @entity1583 . [Case 1] 6 year old @entity1 who had been suffering from @entity981 . She had @entity295 and @entity4008 in maintenance-therapy for @entity1778 . @entity885 was isolated from the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). [Case 2] 11 year old @entity1 who had had @entity706 (non-Hodgkin type). She also had @entity295 and @entity4008 due to @entity6419 which was isolated from blood and CSF in maintenance-therapy. Both cases had been treated with anti- @entity5 drugs and had severe @entity3028 . Positive rate of blood cultures during the recent 6 years (1984.1-1989.12) at our department was 6.0% (total number of cultures were 2,019, positive cultures were 121). Strains of 131 bacteria were determined; Gram-positive cocci were 70 strains (53.4%) and Gram-negative rods were 52 strains (39.7%). Fifteen strains (11.5%) of alpha-hemolytic Streptococci were isolated during 6 years. One hundred thirteen cases of @entity295 were analysed in medical charts and 12 cases of @entity2142 were observed (5 cases with @entity884 and 7 cases in immunocompromised states).

title: [Alpha-hemolytic streptococcal septicemia and XXXX in immunocompromised @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'septicemia']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity6419 :: ('28037', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mitis']

entities_list: @entity885 :: ('1305', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus sanguis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['alpha-hemolytic streptococcal septicemia']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['meningitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The base excision repair (BER) pathway removes DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation, reactive oxidative species and methylating agents. @entity12982 and @entity6471 are two important genes in the BER pathway. Several studies have evaluated the association between polymorphisms in the two BER genes ( @entity12982 @entity20324 and @entity6471 @entity33158 ) and @entity0 risk. However, the results are inconsistent. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation. A total of 8 studies were included in the meta-analysis (6 studies with 2,521 cases and 2,652 controls for @entity12982 @entity20324 polymorphism and 5 studies with 2,539 cases and 2,572 controls for @entity6471 @entity33158 polymorphism). For @entity12982 @entity20324 polymorphism, no obvious associations were found for all genetic models ( @entity2596 /Ala vs. @entity2596 / @entity2596 : OR=0.960, 95% CI=0.845-1.090; Ala/Ala vs. @entity2596 / @entity2596 : OR=0.897, 95% CI=0.683-1.178; dominant model: OR=0.953, 95% CI=0.843-1.077; and recessive model: OR=1.084, 95% CI=0.838-1.403). For @entity6471 @entity33158 polymorphism, also no obvious associations were found for all genetic models ( @entity2574 / @entity367 vs. @entity2574 / @entity2574 : OR=0.947, 95% CI=0.829-1.082; @entity367 / @entity367 vs. @entity2574 / @entity2574 : OR=0.958, 95% CI=0.813-1.129; dominant model: OR=0.946, 95% CI=0.835-1.072; and recessive model: OR=1.004, 95% CI=0.873-1.155). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity or study design, still no obvious associations were found. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This meta-analysis indicates that @entity12982 @entity20324 and @entity6471 @entity33158 polymorphisms are not associated with @entity0 risk.

title: Lack of an association between two BER gene polymorphisms and XXXX risk: a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity20324 :: ('p|SUB|V|762|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Val762Ala']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'increased breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity33158 :: ('p|SUB|D|148|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Asp148Glu']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Gill @entity141 transport (GCAT) in fish is regulated by a number of different hormones. Stanniocalcin ( @entity54135 ) from the corpuscles of Stannius (CS) is an inhibitor of GCAT, whereas pituitary-derived prolactin and @entity701 stimulate GCAT. Other than this, however, little is known about the effects of other hormones on this important transport process. The role of @entity175 (CT) in @entity460 homeostasis in fish is still controversial. Whereas many studies have shown significant effects of CT on plasma @entity460 levels, an equal number of studies have failed to find any correlations between plasma @entity460 and CT levels in fish. Previous in vitro studies have shown that salmon CT has potent inhibitory effects on GCAT in isolated, perfused fish gill preparations, a finding that has never been corroborated in vivo. Therefore, in this report we examined the effects of salmon CT on whole body 45Ca uptake (as a measure of GCAT) in young @entity5660 . In support of the in vitro findings, we found that CT had significant inhibitory effects on GCAT. In parallel studies, we found that CT had no effects on @entity54135 secretion and only modest, stimulatory effects on @entity54135 mRNA levels in cultured trout CS cells. These finding suggest that both CT and @entity54135 function as negative regulators of GCAT in fish.

title: Salmon calcitonin inhibits whole body XXXX uptake in young @entity5660 .

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: PURPOSE: To perform ultraviolet (UV) macrophotography of the normal in vivo @entity1 @entity267 , establishing biometric data of the major component of UV absorption for comparison with the @entity9254 ( @entity9254 ) line, the distribution of @entity68 demonstrated by Perl stain, and cases of typical @entity2643 @entity2372 . METHODS: Nonrandomized comparative case series of UV photographs of 76 normal corneas (group 1) and 16 corneas with typical @entity2643 @entity2372 (group 2). Image-analysis software was used to grade the major component of UV absorption for slope and the coordinates of its points of intersection with the vertical corneal meridian and inflection. RESULTS: In group 1 the major component had a mean slope of 5.8 degrees, sloping down from nasal to temporal @entity267 . The mean coordinates of points of intersection with the vertical corneal meridian and inflection were (0, 0.30) and (0.02, 0.31), respectively. No significant differences between groups 1 and 2 were found for slope (P = 0.155), intersection with the vertical corneal meridian (P = 0.517), and point of inflection (P = 0.344). The major component of UV absorption was consistent with published characteristics of the @entity9254 line, and coincidence of UV absorption and Perl-stained @entity68 was demonstrated in one corneal button. A vortex pattern of UV absorption was observed in all corneas. CONCLUSIONS: UV photography demonstrates subclinical corneal @entity68 , confirming its deposition in an integrated @entity7944 . Coincident @entity68 and @entity2643 deposition occurs in @entity2643 @entity2372 .

title: Ultraviolet photography of the in vivo XXXX @entity267 unmasks the @entity9254 line and physiologic vortex patterns.

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['keratopathy']

entities_list: @entity7944 :: ('MESH:C536309', 'Disease') :: ['HS line/vortex pattern']

entities_list: @entity9254 :: ('MESH:C535658', 'Disease') :: ['Hudson-St  hli', 'HS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To collect data on the prevalence of various types of @entity5 in a sample of @entity1 with @entity5 , and to implement the WHO Analgesic Ladder in the management of @entity158 in @entity5 . METHODS: Eighty four pediatric @entity1 suffering of @entity5 were studied during the period 2001-2006. @entity1 were requested to rate their global intensity of @entity158 on 0-100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS 0 = no @entity158 , 100 = maximum @entity158 ). @entity158 management was performed in accordance with the WHO Analgesic Ladder for @entity5 . @entity1 were followed up weekly for three weeks. RESULTS: Of the 84 pediatric @entity1 with @entity5 , @entity158 was nociceptive in 26 (31%), neuropathic in 12 (14.3%) and mixed in 46 (54.8%). Almost 7 (8.3%) of @entity1 were on WHO step 3 at baseline. Thereafter the WHO step 3 increased; first week visit 36 (43%) @entity1 ; second week visit 58 (69%), and third week 69 (82.1%). At baseline, 40 (47.6%) @entity1 took NSAID only, 2 (2.4%) @entity1 took adjuvant, while 38 (45.2 %) @entity1 took combination of NSAID and adjuvant treatment. There was statistically significant (p = 0.000) reduction in VAS as time progressed. CONCLUSION: @entity5 in pediatric age group can be well managed in accordance with the WHO Analgesic Ladder. Aggressive symptoms and control of treatment of related side effect are also needed to ensure successful implementation and the WHO Analgesic Ladder.

title: XXXX management at a regional @entity5 center: implementation of WHO Analgesic Ladder.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric cancer', 'Cancer pain', 'cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Pediatric cancer pain']


abstract: @entity418 is a prototypic @entity1544 that carries a poor prognosis, primarily due to presentation at advanced stages. We used @entity1 esophageal epithelial cells as a platform to recapitulate @entity1544 , thereby providing insights into the molecular pathogenesis of @entity1544 in general. This was achieved through the retroviral-mediated transduction into normal, primary @entity1 esophageal epithelial cells of @entity470 ( @entity470 ), the catalytic subunit of @entity1 telomerase ( @entity2215 ), and @entity876 ( @entity52943 ), genes that are frequently altered in @entity1 @entity1544 . These cells demonstrated increased migration and invasion when compared with control cells. When these genetically altered cells were placed within the in vivo-like context of an organotypic three-dimensional (3D) culture system, the cells formed a high-grade @entity6349 epithelium with malignant cells invading into the stromal extracellular matrix (ECM). The invasive phenotype was in part modulated by the activation of @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ). Using pharmacological and genetic approaches to decrease @entity1495 , invasion into the underlying ECM could be suppressed partially. In addition, @entity5 differentiation was influenced by the type of fibroblasts within the stromal ECM. To that end, fetal esophageal fibroblasts fostered a microenvironment conducive to poorly differentiated invading @entity5 cells, whereas fetal skin fibroblasts supported a well-differentiated @entity5 as illustrated by keratin "pearl" formation, a hallmark feature of well-differentiated @entity1544 . When inducible @entity584 was introduced into fetal skin esophageal fibroblasts, a more invasive, less-differentiated @entity418 phenotype was achieved. Invasion into the stromal ECM was attenuated by genetic knockdown of @entity584 as well as @entity23698 . Taken together, alterations in key oncogenes and @entity5 suppressor genes in esophageal epithelial cells, the composition and activation of fibroblasts, and the components of the ECM conspire to regulate the physical and biological properties of the stroma.

title: The functional interplay between @entity470 overexpression, @entity2215 activation, and @entity876 mutation in esophageal epithelial cells with activation of stromal fibroblasts induces XXXX development, invasion, and differentiation.

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer', 'squamous cell cancers', 'esophageal squamous cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal cancer', 'esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase-9']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: We report a case of @entity5426 of the right atrium presenting superior @entity4264 . The @entity1 was a 61-year-old @entity1 . Echocardiography, CT and MRI revealed a @entity5 arising in the anterior wall of the right atrium. The @entity5 was hen-egg sized and unresectable because of the invasion of the pericardium, the right ventricular wall and the superior vena cava. An open biopsy and left brachiocephalic vein-right atrium bypass grafting were performed. The pathological diagnosis was @entity5426 . The @entity1 agreed to chemotherapy with @entity1205 , which is known to be often effective against @entity5426 or face. After 5 courses of @entity1205 administration (30 mg/m2 on day 1, 8 and 15 followed by 14 days. rest as one course), echocardiography and CT showed a remarkable @entity5 reduction, which was evaluated as a partial response. The chemotherapy was suspended for 8 months because of @entity1398 and general fatigue as side effects of @entity1205 . The administration of @entity1205 was resumed and 4 courses were performed. The @entity5 , however, became resistant to @entity1205 and formed metastatic involvements in the liver. Following treatments with @entity1311 , @entity1199 and @entity2600 were ineffective for the @entity5 and liver @entity3 . He died of @entity2293 caused by massive @entity548 into the pericardiac space from the @entity5 surface. He had long-term survival 31 months after the diagnosis. An effective treatment for @entity5426 has not yet been established. Chemotherapy with @entity1205 should be considered in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity5426 .

title: [A case of XXXX successfully treated with @entity1205 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4264 :: ('MESH:D013479', 'Disease') :: ['vena cava syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma of the scalp', 'angiosarcoma', 'cardiac angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity5426 :: (MESH:D006394,Disease) :: ['cardiac angiosarcoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: During @entity2335 , @entity1494 may contribute to @entity2182 and @entity158 . The mechanisms whereby @entity2335 leads to hyperinnervation of the bladder are, however, poorly understood. Since TRP channels have been implicated in the guidance of growth cones and survival of neurons, we investigated their involvement in the increases in bladder innervation and bladder activity in rodent models of @entity2335 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: To induce @entity1494 , we chronically injected @entity786 in @entity35 and @entity19 . All experiments were performed a week later. We used quantitative transcriptional analysis and immunohistochemistry to determine TRP channel expression on retrolabelled bladder sensory neurons. To assess bladder function and referred @entity1931 , urodynamic analysis, detrusor strip contractility and Von Frey filament experiments were done in wild type and knock-out @entity19 . RESULTS: Repeated @entity786 injections induce a specific increase in the expression of @entity27097 and @entity27177 in bladder-innervating sensory neurons and the sprouting of sensory fibers in the @entity1494 . Interestingly, @entity786 -treated @entity27097 /c4(-/-) @entity19 no longer exhibited @entity1494 , and, concomitantly, the development of @entity2182 was diminished in these @entity19 . We did not observe a difference neither in @entity1494 features of double knock-out animals nor in @entity786 -induced referred @entity158 behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our data suggest that @entity27097 and @entity27177 are involved in the sprouting of sensory neurons following bladder @entity2335 , which leads to @entity2182 .

title: Crucial role of @entity27097 and @entity27177 in XXXX -induced neuronal sprouting and @entity2182 .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder hyperactivity', 'increased innervation of the bladder by sensory nerves', 'bladder contraction', 'increased bladder innervations', 'bladder mucosa']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder disease', 'bladder overactivity']

answer: @entity2335 :: (MESH:D003556,Disease) :: ['cystitis']


abstract: Bone marrow-derived stem cells may contribute to the regeneration of non-haematopoietic organs. In order to test whether an increase in circulating stem cell numbers improves @entity296 we treated 16 male @entity1 with @entity712 due to dilated (DCM; n = 7) or @entity296 ( @entity296 ; n = 9) with the stem cell mobilising cytokine @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ; four 10-day treatment periods interrupted by treatment-free intervals of equal length). Safety and efficacy analyses were performed at regular intervals. Peak @entity2280 + cell counts remained constant from cycle to cycle. Cardiac side effects in @entity296 @entity1 included occasional episodes of @entity1353 or @entity951 and one episode of fatal @entity2224 . Nine (4 DCM, 5 @entity296 ) of 12 @entity1 receiving four full @entity1261 cycles experienced an improvement by one New York Heart Association (NYHA) class and a statistically significant increase in six-minute walking distance. By contrast, none of 8 @entity296 historical controls had a change in NYHA class during a similar time period. Statistically significant changes in echocardiographic parameters were not recorded. Sequential administration of @entity1261 is feasible and possibly effective in improving physical performance in @entity1 with @entity712 . @entity1 with @entity296 may be at risk of @entity951 and @entity943 .

title: @entity1261 -induced blood stem cell mobilisation in @entity1 with XXXX --Feasibility, safety and effects on exercise tolerance and cardiac function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic cardiomyopathy', 'impaired myocardial function', 'ICM']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['increased angina', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: A @entity35 model of @entity1960 [dextran @entity597 (DSS)] was used to study the permeation of Evans blue (EB) from the lumen into the wall of proximal and distal colonic loops after exposure to the dye for 2 hr. Topical application of drugs used in @entity1 @entity31 ( @entity3303 , @entity2983 , @entity617 , or @entity5418 ) was given daily during induction of @entity1960 to protect the mucosa. The mucosal changes were evaluated with special regard to peptidergic innervation [substance @entity10133 ) and neuropeptide Y ( @entity10969 )], invasion of antigen-presenting polydendritic cells, and mucin-containing goblet cells. DSS-treatment caused a significantly increased permeation of EB. In the proximal loops a significant inhibition was obtained after treatment with @entity3303 , @entity617 , or @entity5418 . In the distal loops only treatment with @entity3303 had a preventive effect. Immunocytochemically there was a clear @entity1373 of both mucosal SP- and @entity10969 -immunoreactive nerve fibers in regions with crypt abnormalities. In these regions also most of the goblet cells were devoid of mucus. Like the changes in permeation, these morphological changes were most prominent in the distal loops. With induction of @entity1960 were invaded by polydendritic cells; the visual score was markedly decreased in the proximal loops treated with @entity3303 , @entity617 , or @entity5418 . In the distal loops similar effects were obtained after treatment with @entity3303 or @entity617 . Prevention of the influx of antigens in both loops after @entity3303 treatment with reduced recruitment of polydendritic cells into the lamina propria is suggested. The nerve @entity1373 may thus be secondary to luminal challenge with antigens during induction of @entity1960 . The discrepancy between increased permeation and absence of polydendritic cell response in the distal loops after @entity617 may reflect separate actions of @entity230 on the intestinal epithelium and the immune cells.

title: Influence of topical rectal application of drugs on dextran @entity597 -induced XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity5418 :: ('MESH:D013392', 'Chemical') :: ['sucralfate']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis', 'colitis, the mucosa and lamina propria']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['mesalazine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity1960 :: (MESH:D003092,Disease) :: ['colitis']


abstract: Cross-sectional data often fail to show beneficial effects of antihypertensive therapy in @entity1 with @entity101 . We, therefore, examined the influence of @entity101 control on left ventricular (LV) structure in @entity6 @entity1 separated into those having and not having any known @entity65 ( @entity65 ) symptoms. The study population consisted of 394 subjects with @entity2175 . According to the presence of @entity65 , subjects were classified as symptomatic (N=181) or asymptomatic (N=213). In addition, three groups were differentiated: @entity101 ( @entity101 ), that is, known @entity101 with normal blood pressure (BP), uncontrolled @entity101 (UHs), that is, elevated BP regardless of antihypertensive medication, and normotensives (Ns). Symptomatic subjects showed a significantly higher prevalence of @entity4346 ( @entity1184 ) (34.5 vs 23.4%, P<0.02). In contrast to symptomatic subjects where @entity101 control status had no further significant impact on LV geometry, a considerable impact on preservation of normal LV geometry was observed in asymptomatic @entity1 ( @entity1184 of 30, 15 and 18% in UH, CH and N, respectively, P<0.001). Control of @entity101 in early @entity6 seems especially to prevent the development of @entity1184 (24 vs 11% in UH vs CH, P<0.04). In conclusion, in subjects with @entity6 and @entity65 , the prevalence of @entity1002 is very high. Although in this population-based study setting, in the latter group BP control does not seem to positively influence LV mass and function, @entity101 control in still asymptomatic @entity6 @entity1 is beneficial and has a considerable impact on preservation of normal LV geometry.

title: Influence of antihypertensive therapy and blood pressure control on left ventricular geometry and function in subjects with XXXX : The Augsburg @entity6 Family Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension', 'controlled hypertensives', 'CHs']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['LVH', 'concentric hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV structural abnormalities']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['type II diabetes']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cohort study of @entity1 in Maine with @entity13549 and @entity2649 treated surgically and nonsurgically. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: In 1987, the Quebec Task Force on Spinal Disorders proposed a diagnostic classification to help make clinical decisions, evaluate quality of care, assess prognosis, and conduct research. OBJECTIVES: To assess the Quebec Task Force classification's ability to stratify @entity1 according to severity and treatment at baseline, and to assess changes over time in health-related quality of life, including symptoms, functional status, and disability. METHODS: Five hundred sixteen @entity1 participating in the Maine Lumbar Spine Study who completed baseline and 1-year follow-up evaluations were classified successfully according to the Quebec Task Force classification. @entity1 characteristics and treatments were compared across Quebec Task Force classification categories. Changes in health-related quality of life over 1 year were assessed according to Quebec Task Force classification category and type of treatment. RESULTS: Among @entity1 with @entity13549 (n = 370), higher Quebec Task Force classification categories (from 2, @entity158 radiating to the proximal extremity, to 6, @entity13549 with evidence of @entity614 ) were associated with increased severity of symptoms at baseline. There was no association between Quebec Task Force classification and baseline functional status. Quebec Task Force classification was associated strongly with the likelihood of receiving surgical treatment (P < or = 0.005). Among @entity1 with @entity13549 treated nonsurgically, improvement at 1 year in back-specific and generic physical function increased with higher Quebec Task Force classification category (P < or = 0.05). Only a nonsignificant trend was observed for surgically treated @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity2649 (Quebec Task Force classification 7, n = 131) had baseline features and outcomes distinct from @entity1 with @entity13549 . CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with @entity13549 , the Quebec Task Force classification was highly associated with the severity of symptoms and the probability of subsequent surgical treatment. Nonsurgically treated @entity1 in Quebec Task Force classification categories reflecting @entity614 had greater improvement than those with @entity158 symptoms alone. Among surgical @entity1 , the Quebec Task Force classification was not associated with outcome. These results provide validation for the classification and its wider adoption. Nonetheless, improved diagnostic classifications are needed to predict outcomes better in @entity1 with @entity13549 who undergo surgery.

title: The Quebec Task Force classification for Spinal Disorders and the severity, treatment, and outcomes of @entity13549 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['nerve root compression']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4888 ( @entity4888 ) is an indolent primary @entity784 . To the authors' knowledge, no data currently are available regarding the evolution over time of the risk of developing specific pathways of disease progression. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed 1422 @entity1 with @entity4888 who were diagnosed and followed from 1975 through 2010 in 27 Italian Study Group for @entity706 centers. The primary objectives were to ascertain the time course, pathways, and hazards risk trends of cutaneous/extracutaneous disease progression; to evaluate whether different @entity5 -lymph node-metastasis-blood (TNMB) stages have different pathways of disease progression; and to analyze differences between @entity5 and erythrodermic @entity4888 with regard to clinical onset, disease evolution, and prognosis. The secondary objective was to provide a further validation for the revised International Society for @entity706 and the @entity706 Task Force of the European Organization of Research and Treatment of @entity5 (ISCL/EORTC) classification. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 14.5 years; stage progression occurred in 29.7% of @entity1 and blood involvement was the most frequent extracutaneous site of disease progression. @entity1 with stage IA to stage IB disease demonstrated a steady low annual incidence of disease progression to @entity5 (1%-2%); @entity1 with @entity5 had a higher risk within the first years (up to 9.4%). @entity5658 evolved with a significantly higher frequency from patches/plaques (13.9%/28.2%) than @entity5 (P = .028 and P = .013, respectively). Hazards rates of extracutaneous involvement were low (< 1%). The T-score was found to be associated with extracutaneous involvement site, @entity5 with @entity75 , and @entity5658 with blood involvement. TNMB classification and stage progression resulted as independent prognostic variables being detected on multivariate analysis; the type of extracutaneous involvement was found to affect survival . CONCLUSIONS: The data from the current study support the need for a stage-tailored follow-up, suggest that the classification of @entity5 at a stage below @entity5658 could be modified, and offer a further validation for the revised TNMB classification.

title: Time course, clinical pathways, and long-term hazards risk trends of disease progression in @entity1 with XXXX : a multicenter, retrospective follow-up study from the Italian Group of @entity706 .

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['MF', 'Mycosis fungoides']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneous Lymphomas', 'Cutaneous Lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor-stage', 'tumor', 'tumors', 'stage IIA disease', 'tumor-stage disease', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node/visceral lesions']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5658 :: ('MESH:D003873', 'Disease') :: ['Erythroderma', 'erythroderma']

answer: @entity4888 :: (MESH:D009182,Disease) :: ['classic mycosis fungoides']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most studies on caregiver burden have been conducted in Western countries, while few studies on the correlates of caregiver burden have been performed in Korea. OBJECTIVE: To suggest better policies for the care of @entity303 @entity1 by using a nationwide database to identify factors that affect caregiver burden in Korea. METHODS: The database of the Korean National Health Insurance (KNHI) and National Medical Aid (NMA) programs, which covers all Koreans, was used. A sample of 609 @entity303 @entity1 and their caregivers was selected from a total of 85,281 @entity303 @entity1 in 2004 and interviewed to evaluate the total cost of care and caregiver burden. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was then performed to identify significant independent predictors of caregiver burden. RESULTS: Among caregiver-related factors, caregiver burden was higher in those who were female, had a history of home care during the previous year, and had less education. Among @entity1 -related factors, poor ADL/IADL function was significant. The most interesting result was that subjective sense of socioeconomic status (good/fair/poor) was a stronger predictor of caregiver outcome than actual economic costs. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that interventions to assist @entity1 with @entity303 should focus on female caregivers, especially those considered likely to be suffering from an economic burden. Interventions should also aim to improve the ADL and IADL capacities of @entity1 .

title: Caregiver burden among caregivers of Koreans with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity101 and increased left ventricular mass index (LVMI) have been reported in @entity1 with early stages of @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Whether these abnormalities are associated with @entity67 in this stage remains to be established. The aim of the study is to evaluate diastolic function in young normotensive @entity1 with @entity8 by using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), the most sensitive method available to date. METHODS: Thirty-two young clinically normotensive @entity1 aged 21 to 30 years were compared with 23 controls with similar ages. Ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) was performed to confirm normal blood pressure. Subsequently, @entity1 and controls underwent echocardiography using transmitral Doppler and TDI. RESULTS: LVMI was greater in @entity1 with @entity8 than controls (89.3 +/- 17.7 versus 77.6 +/- 15.9 g/m2; P < 0.02). No significant differences were found in transmitral Doppler and TDI results. When ABPMs were taken into account, 11 @entity1 had mild @entity101 and showed increased LVMI and decreased early diastolic peak velocity (E wave: 67.0 +/- 12.0 cm/s in @entity101 @entity1 with @entity8 versus 81.4 +/- 3.3 cm/s in normotensive @entity1 with @entity8 versus 79.3 +/- 2.9 cm/s in controls; P < 0.04) and decreased TDI peak early diastolic annular velocity (11.6 +/- 2.8 cm/s in @entity101 @entity1 with @entity8 versus 13.2 +/- 1.6 cm/s in normotensive @entity1 with @entity8 versus 13.4 +/- 1.6 in controls; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity67 is not a prominent sign in young normotensive @entity1 with @entity8 .

title: Tissue Doppler imaging in the evaluation of left ventricular function in young adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease', 'ADPKD']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['Diastolic dysfunction', 'diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease']