abstract: Cardiodepressant and vasodilator effects of PN 200-110 ( @entity4768 ) were investigated in anesthetized open-chest @entity95 and compared with those of @entity594 , @entity3988 or placebo. In order to eliminate compensatory reflexes that may mask negative inotropic and chronotropic effects of blood pressure-lowering agents, the animals were vagotomized and pretreated with 1 mg/kg @entity1169 . Dose-response curves were obtained with 4 doses of each drug in 6 animals. The doses were chosen to cause comparable decreases in blood pressure. PN 200-110 had the highest efficacy with respect to @entity1897 (increase in total peripheral conductance) and coronary blood flow, measured with radioactive-labeled microspheres. It did not decrease myocardial contractile force (measured with a strain gauge). The 2 other compounds caused biphasic changes in coronary blood flow and cardiac output. Their efficacy with respect to @entity1897 was limited by cardiodepression. Their dose-response curve for cardiodepression was flat at the 2 smaller doses and became steeper at the 2 larger doses. @entity594 did not change heart rate; PN 200-110 decreased it minimally and @entity3988 had a dose-dependent negative chronotropic effect. After eliminating autonomic influences on the heart, direct myocardial effects of @entity460 antagonists become demonstrable in whole animals and can be compared with the vascular effects measured in the same animals.

title: Comparison of cardiodepressant and vasodilator effects of PN 200-110 ( @entity4768 ), @entity594 and @entity3988 in anesthetized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vasodilatation']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity4768 :: ('MESH:D017275', 'Chemical') :: ['isradipine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: The ability of the noninvasive continuous transcranial Doppler technique to reflect changes in cerebral blood flow during cardiac operations was evaluated in seven adults. Middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity changes were compared with simultaneous thermodilution measurements of venous blood flow in the ipsilateral internal jugular vein during 11 preset stages of the procedure. Cerebral blood flow was varied by changes in arterial @entity544 tension and temperature. High-dose @entity38099 anesthesia and alpha-stat pH management were employed. To facilitate comparisons between the two methods, the individual awake values of middle cerebral artery flow velocity (45.1 +/- 3.3 cm/sec, mean +/- standard error of the mean) and jugular venous blood flow (382 +/- 37 ml/min) were normalized (100%). Cerebral metabolic rate for @entity26 was calculated as the product of jugular arteriovenous @entity26 content difference and middle cerebral artery flow velocity or jugular venous blood flow, respectively. The individual correlations between the two flow estimates varied between 0.76 and 0.87 (median 0.83), and the correlation of the combined data from all seven @entity1 was 0.77 (p less than 0.0001). Variations in arterial @entity544 tension induced significant changes in the two flow estimates both during normothermia before cardiopulmonary bypass and at deep @entity2332 (20 degrees C) during cardiopulmonary bypass. The significant arterial @entity544 tension changes had no significant effects either on Doppler- or thermodilution-estimated cerebral metabolic rate for @entity26 . @entity2332 (20 degrees C) reduced Doppler- and thermodilution-estimated cerebral metabolic rate for @entity26 to 22.0% +/- 3.9% and 20.6% +/- 6.9% of the awake levels, respectively. The study supports the validity of using middle cerebral arterial flow velocity changes as an estimate of changes in volume flow through the brain during cardiac operations.

title: Transcranial Doppler-estimated versus thermodilution-estimated cerebral blood flow during cardiac operations. Influence of temperature and arterial XXXX tension.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity38099 :: ('MESH:C001451', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl-droperidol']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'Deep hypothermia']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intraoperative arterial @entity551 can lead to severe complications in @entity1 undergoing carotid endarterectomy, in particular if cerebral auto-regulation is impaired. Short-acting agents, such as @entity2647 or @entity6358 , commonly used to correct intra-operative @entity551 , have different hemodynamic effects. Recently, it was reported that, in healthy anesthetized subjects with intact cerebral auto-regulation, frontal lobe cerebral tissue oxygenation declined after @entity2647 bolus administration, while it was preserved after @entity6358 use (Br J Anaesth 107:209-217, 2011; Neurocrit Care 12:17-23, 2010). However, the effect of both agents in @entity1 undergoing carotid endarterectomy is unknown. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of two routinely used vasopressors ( @entity2647 and @entity6358 ) on the cerebral hemodynamics during carotid endarterectomy. METHODS/DESIGN: @entity1 undergoing carotid endarterectomy will be prospectively included and randomized for correction of @entity551 with either @entity2647 (50 to 100  g) or @entity6358 (5 to 10 mg). If @entity551 persists for more than five minutes after treatment, the @entity1 will be classified as a non-responder and escape medication as preferred by the anesthesiologist will be administered. Changes in cerebral hemodynamics will be quantified by changes in transcranial Doppler-derived middle cerebral artery blood velocity and near infra-red spectroscopy-derived frontal lobe cerebral tissue oxygenation, when intra-operative @entity551 is treated with @entity2647 or @entity6358 in @entity1 who undergo carotid endarterectomy with or without an adequate functioning cerebral auto-regulation.To quantify whether the intra-operative cerebral auto-regulation is impaired or not, a decrease in breathing frequency from the normal 12 breaths per minute to 6 breaths per minute for an episode of three minutes will be performed. DISCUSSION: @entity2647 and @entity6358 are two of the most commonly used short-acting agents to increase blood pressure in clinical anesthesiologic practice. Monitoring of middle cerebral artery blood velocity with transcranial Doppler and frontal lobe cerebral tissue oxygenation with near infra-red spectroscopy are part of the standard of care. Furthermore, there are no reports that the three-minute modification in breathing frequency described in the "intervention"-section is harmful. Therefore, the risks for participating @entity1 are negligible and the burden minimal. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical trials.gov: NCT01451294.

title: XXXX versus @entity6358 on cerebral perfusion during carotid endarterectomy (PEPPER): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative hypotension', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity6358 :: ('MESH:D004809', 'Chemical') :: ['ephedrine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine', 'Phenylephrine']

answer: @entity2647 :: (MESH:D010656,Chemical) :: ['Phenylephrine']


abstract: Two hundred and thirty-three cases of the acute phase of @entity1526 , from Par  , Amap   and Maranh  o, were observed between 1988 and 2005. One hundred and sixty were studied retrospectively from 1988 to 2002 and seventy-three were prospectively followed up from 2003 to 2005. Among the cases studied, 78.5% (183/233) formed part of outbreaks, probably due to oral transmission (affecting a mean of 4 individuals), and 21.5% (50/233) were isolated cases. Cases were taken to be acute if they presented positive direct parasitological tests (fresh blood, thick drop or Quantitative Buffy Coat, QBC) and/or positive anti Trypanosoma cruzi IgM. Xenodiagnosis was also performed on 224 @entity1 and blood culturing on 213. All the @entity1 had clinical and epidemiological evaluations. The most frequent clinical manifestations were @entity221 (100%), @entity10 (92.3%), @entity925 (84.1%), pallor (67%), @entity1353 (58.4%), swelling of the legs (57.9%), @entity4 (57.5%), @entity490 (44.3%), @entity2401 (39.9%) and @entity1910 (27%). The electrocardiogram showed abnormalities of ventricular repolarization in 38.5%, low QRS voltage in 15.4%, left-axis deviation in 11.5%, @entity1540 in 5.8%, @entity1168 in 5.8%, @entity591 in 5.8%, right branch block in 4.8% and @entity955 in 4.8%. The most frequently observed abnormality on the echocardiogram was pericardial effusion, in 46.2% of the cases. Thirteen (5.6%) @entity1 died: ten (76.9%) of them due to @entity65 , two due to digestive complications and one due to indeterminate causes.

title: [Acute phase of XXXX in the Brazilian Amazon region: study of 233 cases from Par  , Amap   and Maranh  o observed between 1988 and 2005].

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['exanthema']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['facial edema']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ['Chagas disease']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular ectopic beats']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular involvement']

answer: @entity1526 :: (MESH:D014355,Disease) :: ['Chagas disease']


abstract: The substrate reactivity of the flavoenzyme @entity29360 3-monooxygenase (EC, HbpA) was changed by directed evolution using error-prone PCR. In situ screening of mutant libraries resulted in the identification of proteins with increased activity towards @entity55707 and @entity12682 ( @entity12682 ). One enzyme variant contained @entity535 substitutions @entity55708 / @entity55709 , which were inserted by two rounds of mutagenesis. The double replacement improved the efficiency of substrate hydroxylation by reducing the uncoupled oxidation of @entity2125 . With @entity12682 as substrate, the two substitutions increased V(max) from 0.22 to 0.43 units mg(-1) protein and decreased the K'(m) from 588 to 143 microm, improving k'(cat)/K'(m) by a factor of 8.2. With @entity55707 as the substrate, k'(cat) was increased more than 5-fold. Another selected enzyme variant contained @entity535 substitution @entity55710 and had a 30% higher specific activity with @entity55711 , @entity12682 , and the "natural" substrate @entity29360 . The K'(m) for @entity12682 decreased with this mutant, but the K'(m) for @entity29360 increased. The primary structure of HbpA shares 20.1% sequence identity with @entity3971 2-monooxygenase from Trichosporon cutaneum. Structure homology modeling with this three-domain enzyme suggests that Ile(244) of HbpA is located in the substrate binding pocket and is involved in accommodating the @entity15060 substituent of the @entity3971 . In contrast, @entity2596 (368) and Leu(417) are not close to the active site and would not have been obvious candidates for modification by rational design.

title: Changing the substrate reactivity of XXXX 3-monooxygenase from Pseudomonas azelaica HBP1 by directed evolution.

entities_list: @entity55711 :: ('MESH:C033932', 'Chemical') :: ['2-sec-butylphenol']

entities_list: @entity55707 :: ('MESH:C035406', 'Chemical') :: ['2-tert-butylphenol']

entities_list: @entity29360 :: ('MESH:C004369', 'Chemical') :: ['2-hydroxybiphenyl']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity12682 :: ('MESH:D006139', 'Chemical') :: ['guaiacol', '2-methoxyphenol']

answer: @entity29360 :: (MESH:C004369,Chemical) :: ['2-hydroxybiphenyl']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Baseline clinical and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) data from a phase 2, multi-site, international, randomized, controlled trial were analyzed to: (1) characterize the health status of @entity1 with @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ), (2) explore cross-sectional relationships between HRQoL and clinical measures, and (3) evaluate differences in HRQoL scores for subsequent validation as @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ). CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00207727. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Baseline clinical and HRQoL data were selected and analyzed. HRQoL questionnaires included the Short Form-36 (SF-36), @entity3777 ( @entity3777 ), a @entity1 Assessment of @entity15 ( @entity15 ) Impact (PAMSI), and @entity15 -specific symptom scales for Bladder and Bowel Control, Cognition, and Sexual Satisfaction. Standard summary statistics described the population while Pearson and Spearman correlations evaluated the baseline association between HRQoL and clinical measures. Cross-sectional estimates of @entity1987 in HRQoL scores were derived using several clinical anchors, the PAMSI, and two tests: Tukey multiple comparisons and adjacent mean difference. RESULTS: @entity1 (n = 249) had a mean age of 39.0 (Standard deviation, SD = 10.5), 70% were female, 63% resided in Europe, and 96% were Caucasian. Baseline median Expanded Disability Severity Scale (EDSS) was 2.5 (range = 0.0-6.5); median disease duration was 1.9 years (range = 0.1-33.6). The worst baseline mean (normalized) SF-36 scores were for General Health (39.9), Role Physical (40.4), Physical Functioning (41.0), and Vitality (42.7). The worst @entity15 symptom mean scores were for Cognition (6.3) and @entity3777 (4.4). Fatigue scores indicated substantial burden and were consistent with SF-36 Vitality results. Baseline HRQoL scores (SF-36, @entity3777 , @entity15 symptom scales) correlated most with EDSS, @entity15 Functional Composite (MSFC), age and disease duration. Lesion count and pre-baseline relapse rate had no meaningful association with HRQoL or other clinical measures. The @entity1987 for several HRQoL measures are proposed for confirmation in longitudinal @entity1 datasets. CONCLUSION: Clinical and HRQoL assessments documented health impairments in physical functioning, fatigue, and cognition among these @entity3780 @entity1 with relatively short disease duration. HRQoL data varied with clinical measures and contributed new information regarding disease burden. The association between clinical and HRQoL measures was limited to cross-sectional analysis and requires confirmation in longitudinal datasets. These findings reflect an ambulatory, early-stage @entity3780 population that was mostly European in location or descent. The PAMSI also requires further validation as a measure of @entity1 health status.

title: Health perceptions and clinical characteristics of XXXX @entity1 : baseline data from an international clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['MID', 'minimally important differences']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity3777 :: ('MESH:D005222', 'Disease') :: ['Fatigue Severity Scale', 'FSS']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity3780 :: (MESH:D020529,Disease) :: ['relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis']


abstract: The X chromosome-linked @entity3744 (sf) mutant of the @entity19 is recognized by the scaliness of the skin from which the name is derived and results in @entity204 of affected males at about 3-4 weeks of age. Consideration of known @entity1 - @entity19 homologies of the X chromosome prompted hematological studies, which have shown that the blood is highly abnormal. The platelet and erythrocyte counts are both reduced and become progressively lower relative to normal as the disease progresses. There is @entity360 , and most animals appear to die of severe @entity417 . By contrast, the leukocyte count is consistently raised. Some animals showed signs of @entity281 but it is not yet clear whether there is @entity465 . Other features include the scaly skin and apparently reduced lateral growth of the skin, @entity2024 , and @entity294 in some animals. The mutant resembles @entity17454 in @entity1 , which is characterized by @entity882 , @entity484 , @entity294 , and @entity465 . The loci of the @entity1 and @entity19 genes lie in homologous segments of the X chromosome, although apparently in somewhat different positions relative to other gene loci. @entity3744 differs from @entity17454 in that @entity3744 males are consistently hypogonadal.

title: The @entity3744 XXXX mutant has previously unrecognized hematological abnormalities and resembles @entity17454 .

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity17454 :: ('MESH:D014923', 'Disease') :: ['Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: A series of thirty-eight cases of densely @entity75 of the jaws was studied. The lesions were all at least 1.5 cm, in diameter. @entity158 , drainage, or localized expansion of the jaw was present in two thirds of the @entity1 . Thirty-four of the thirty-eight @entity1 were @entity1 , and twenty-five were negros. In fourteen instances, a radiographic survey of the entire jaws was available. Thirteen of these fourteen @entity1 had @entity75 which were usually symmetrically distributed throughout the jaws. In twenty-four @entity1 radiographs of the lesional area only were available for review. In thirty-four of the thirty-eight cases (89 per cent), the sclerotic masses were interpreted as cementum. Although this condition has previously been described as @entity6275 , @entity4421 , @entity156 , or @entity27760 , it appears more appropriate to consider these lesions as part of the spectrum of the benign fibro-osseous lesions of periodontal ligament origin. Four of the @entity75 , which were radiographically indistinguishable from the cemental lesions, consisted only of bone. Two of these appeared to be examples of true @entity6275 , and two may be appropriately designated as enostosis or @entity1181 .

title: Sclerotic cemental masses of the jaws (so-called @entity6275 , @entity4421 , XXXX , and @entity27760 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6275 :: ('MESH:C535456', 'Disease') :: ['chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lesions', 'sclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity27760 :: ('MESH:C563017', 'Disease') :: ['gigantiform cementoma']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['multiple enostosis']

entities_list: @entity4421 :: ('MESH:D010000', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosing osteitis']

answer: @entity156 :: (MESH:D000015,Disease) :: ['multiple enostosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the incidence and outcome of post-traumatic (PT) @entity8479 ( @entity8479 ) and @entity8479 ( @entity8479 ) after the advances in haemostatic resuscitation. METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study from January 2009-December 2011 involving @entity1 with PT @entity548 . @entity1 ' demographics, fluid resuscitation (<24   h) and damage control laparotomy (DCL), morbidity and mortality were assessed. @entity1 were divided into group 1 (no DCL) and group 2 (DCL needed). Further, group 1 was subdivided into three subgroups (IA pressure (IAP) <12, 12-20 and >20   mmHg). RESULTS: One hundred seventeen @entity1 enrolled in the study (102 in group 1 and 15 in group 2) with a mean age of 35    14, @entity130 score (ISS) of 23    10, base deficit of -8.7    2.7   mmol/L, serum @entity880 of 4.6    2.5   mg/dL and haemoglobin level of 8.8    2. @entity1 received 7    5 red blood cell units, 6    4.7 fresh frozen plasma units and 8.3    3   L of crystalloid per 24   h. There were significant difference between the two groups regarding crystalloid volume, blood transfusion, base deficit and intensive care unit length of stay. However, mortality was higher in group 2 (20% versus 6%). IAP >=  20   mmHg was reported in 16.7% @entity1 , while 25.5% had IAP < 12 and 57.8% had IAP of 12-20   mmHg. @entity1 with IAP > 20 had worse @entity520 and received more blood compared with other groups. One @entity1 died because of @entity8479 (0.9%). Overall multiorgan failure and mortality were 5 and 7.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: With current practice of minimal fluid resuscitation and liberal use of damage control strategies among @entity130 @entity1 , the @entity8479 was common transient phenomena but the incidence of @entity8479 is remarkably low.

title: @entity8479 in the current era of modern XXXX resuscitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity8479 :: ('MESH:D059325', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal compartment syndrome', 'intra-abdominal hypertension', 'IAH', 'ACS']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'injury severity']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Sympathetic nerve stimulation causes a greater vascular response in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) compared to @entity35 -Kyoto normotensive @entity35 (WKY), i.e., noradrenergic neurotransmission is enhanced in SHR. Prejunctional and/or postjunctional defects in the regulation of noradrenergic neurotransmission by endogenous @entity2918 could contribute to the increased responsiveness to sympathetic nerve stimulation in SHR. This hypothesis was tested by comparing the effects in SHR vs. WKY of inhibition of cyclooxygenase on vascular responses to periarterial nerve stimulation (PNS), @entity1063 (NE) and @entity1808 (ang II) in the in situ blood perfused @entity35 mesentery. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor, @entity3352 , potentiated vascular responses to PNS and NE similarly in 16-week old SHR vs. age-matched WKY. However, in this age group, @entity3352 enhanced responses to ang II more in SHR compared with WKY. To determine whether chronic exposure of the vasculature to high blood pressure might alter the physiological significance of @entity3009 -mediated regulation of noradrenergic neurotransmission in vivo, additional studies were conducted in SHR and WKY that were 25 weeks old. In this age group, neither @entity3352 nor @entity5018 , an alternative cyclooxygenase inhibitor, significantly potentiated responses to either PNS or NE in SHR, whereas in WKY both @entity3352 and @entity5018 potentiated responses to PNS and NE. Also, in these older animals, @entity3352 and @entity5018 enhanced responses to ang II equally in SHR vs. WKY. These findings indicate that in aging SHR prostaglandin-mediated regulation of vascular responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation becomes defective. This defect may contribute to the @entity101 with age and may be involved in some of the vascular pathology associated with @entity101 .

title: Defective modulation of noradrenergic neurotransmission by endogenous @entity2918 in aging spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'worsening of high blood pressure', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: The @entity12895 antibacterials, @entity1215 ( @entity1215 ), @entity17208 and @entity35528 , are uniquely potent in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity378 and @entity1793 . Absorption is variably affected by food; the maximal concentration of @entity1215 is decreased by food, whereas @entity35528 absorption is increased in the presence of food. The @entity53057 are well-known inducers of enzyme systems involved in the metabolism of many drugs, most notably those metabolised by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A. The relative potency of the @entity53057 as CYP3A inducers is @entity1215 > @entity35528 > @entity17208 ; @entity17208 is also a CYP3A substrate. The antituberculosis activity of @entity1215 is decreased by a modest dose reduction from 600 to 450mg. This somewhat surprising finding may be due to the binding of @entity1215 to serum proteins, limiting free, active concentrations of the drug. However, increasing the administration interval (after the first 2 to 8 weeks of therapy) has little effect on the sterilising activity of @entity1215 , suggesting that relatively brief exposures to a critical concentration of @entity1215 are sufficient to kill intermittently metabolising mycobacterial populations. The high protein binding of @entity35528 (97%) may explain the suboptimal efficacy of the currently recommended dose of this drug. The @entity137 of @entity1215 is related to dose and administration interval, with increasing rates of presumed @entity56 with higher doses combined with administration frequency of once weekly or less. @entity17208 @entity137 is related to dose and concomitant use of CYP3A inhibitors. The @entity53057 illustrate the complexity of predicting the pharmacodynamics of treatment of an intracellular pathogen with the capacity for dormancy.

title: Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the XXXX antibacterials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12895 :: ('MESH:C023808', 'Chemical') :: ['rifamycin']

entities_list: @entity17208 :: ('MESH:D017828', 'Chemical') :: ['Rifabutin', 'rifabutin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity35528 :: ('MESH:C018421', 'Chemical') :: ['rifapentine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin', 'rifampin']

entities_list: @entity1793 :: ('MESH:D013203', 'Disease') :: ['chronic staphylococcal infections']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity12895 :: (MESH:C023808,Chemical) :: ['rifamycin']


abstract: Using 12 @entity1 fetuses, histological development and changes in connective fiber structure and fine vascular patterns have been investigated in various fetal gestational stages by light and scanning electron microscopy. The main arterial supply of the articular disc was from the bilaminar region and pterygoideus lateralis muscle. The vascular network on the disc surface was related with fluid secretion. When the bilaminar region was compressed, it caused @entity63 and @entity82 as the main pathological changes in @entity1348 derangement. A decrease in fluid from blood vessels might occur in @entity528 . Collagen fibers in the disc passed mainly anteroposteriorly. In the anterior and posterior bands, muscular tendon fibers came from the pterygoideus lateralis muscle and superior stratum of the bilaminar region. In the posterior band three-dimensional structures of collagen fibers suitable for load bearing were observed. The compass network and process on the disc showed the normal structure that is formed gradually and has functions including dispersion, pressure bearing, friction-proofing and storage of the synovial fluid. Attachments of the disc were suitable for disc function. Large elastic fibers in the posterolateral part of the superior stratum of the bilaminar region may be antagonistic to the upper head of the pterygoideus lateralis muscle fibers passing medioanteriorly, indicating that this antagonism is available for disc function.

title: Development of collagen fibers and vasculature of the fetal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ degeneration']

answer: @entity1348 :: (MESH:D013706,Disease) :: ['TMJ']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Delays in diagnosis are common for @entity1 with @entity242 (STS) despite guidance produced by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. This study set out to identify early symptoms experienced by @entity1 and reasons for delays in making a definitive diagnosis. METHODS: Retrospective interviews were carried out with 107 @entity1 (66 with an STS and 41 with a @entity79 ) presenting to a specialist centre. Symptoms were determined prior to definitive diagnosis and the occurrence of @entity1 and doctor delays in reaching specialist care. RESULTS: The median @entity1 delay was 1 month while the median doctor delay was 3.2 months from first symptoms to diagnosis for all @entity242 . Forty-nine @entity1 with STS (74%) presented initially to their general practitioner with at least one guideline feature to prompt urgent referral. Only 2 @entity1 (4%), however, were referred directly to a @entity242 unit, with 21 (43%) referred to secondary care for investigation. @entity1 with a lump increasing in size exhibited longer @entity1 delays while doctor delay was shorter for deep lumps. Thirty-six @entity1 with a @entity79 (88%) presented initially with symptoms to prompt further investigation. Nevertheless, significant delays (3.9 months) were seen in reaching specialist care. Only 4 @entity1 (10%) were referred directly to a @entity242 unit at first presentation, with 21 (54%) referred for further investigation elsewhere. CONCLUSIONS: It is evident that awareness and referral of @entity242 remain poor. We suggest specific amendments to current guidelines and clearer referral pathways for @entity1 . Furthermore, the need for robust education strategies is indicated, predominantly among healthcare professionals.

title: Early symptoms of XXXX : could they be diagnosed earlier?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas', 'bone and soft tissue sarcoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['bone and soft tissue sarcomas']


abstract: One hundred forty-seven @entity1 with @entity816 were treated between 1942 and 1967. There were 25 postoperative deaths. The 14 @entity1 in whom the @entity5 was thought tohave been completely removed were not irradiated and all survived 5 years or longer. Seventy-one of the 108 @entity1 with imcompletely excised lesions received radiation therapy. The 5-year survival rate for those with imcomplete resection alone was 19%, compared to 46% when irradiation was given. Based on observations up to 20 years, after incomplete removal postoperative irradiation significally prolonged useful life and may have lead to permanent control in some. There was no evidence of radiation damage. Most of these @entity5 were @entity816 , and the results apply particularly to this histologic type. Only 1 of 11 @entity1 with gemistocytic @entity816 survivied 5 years. The survival rate for Grade i @entity5 was appreciably greater than for Grade iilesions; in both grades, it was improved by irradiation.

title: The role of radiation therapy in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['fibrillary astrocytomas', 'astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['astrocytomas']


abstract: This 3-year study compared @entity1140 versus @entity205 (CsA) microemulsion (ME) in conjunction with rATG induction, @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) and short-term corticosteroids in primary simultaneous @entity8 (SPK) transplantation. @entity1 AND METHODS: This large, prospective, multicenter study was conducted in 10 European centers and one center in Israel. Of the 205 SPK transplants performed from 1998 to 2000, 103 @entity1 were randomly assigned to @entity1140 and 102 to CsA ME. All @entity1 received concomitant rATG induction therapy, MMF, and short-term corticosteroids. RESULTS: In total, 36.9% @entity1 receiving @entity1140 and 57.8% receiving CsA ME discontinued treatment (P = .003). Although 3-year @entity1 and kidney graft survival rates were similar in both groups, pancreas survival was superior with @entity1140 (89.2% versus 72.4%; P = .002). @entity715 resulted in pancreatic allograft loss in 10 @entity1 receiving CsA ME and in 2 treated with @entity1140 (P = .02). The first episode of biopsy-proven rejection was moderate or severe in 1 of 31 @entity1140 -treated @entity1 and 11 of 39 @entity1 receiving CsA ME (P = .009). Overall adverse event frequency was similar in both groups, but surgical events were lower in the @entity1140 treated group. CONCLUSION: @entity1140 was more effective than CsA-ME to prevent moderate or severe kidney or pancreas rejection after SPK transplantation. It also provided superior pancreatic graft survival and reduced the risk of pancreas @entity715 .

title: @entity1140 compared with XXXX microemulsion in primary simultaneous @entity8 transplantation: the EURO-SPK 3-year results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas-kidney']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tacrolimus', 'tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombosis', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Only 31% of Dutch @entity309 ( @entity309 )- @entity1 visit a rheumatologist within 12 weeks after symptom onset; this is mainly due to delay at the level of the general practitioner (GP). In order to reduce delay of GPs in identifying early @entity625 , we initiated an Early @entity625 Recognition Clinic (EARC). METHODS: EARCs were initiated at the Leiden and Groningen University Medical Centers. At this EARC, @entity1 filled in a questionnaire about their symptoms, followed by a short visit with only a full joint examination by an experienced rheumatologist. If @entity625 was present the @entity1 got an appointment the same week at the regular outpatient clinic. The main outcome parameter was the GP-delay; the secondary outcome parameter was the total delay. In both centres, @entity1 included in early @entity625 clinics that had arrived via regular referrals served as control group. RESULTS: Four hundred @entity1 visited the Leiden EARC and 212 @entity1 the Groningen EARC. @entity625 was detected in 42% and 49% respectively. The median GP-delay for these @entity625 @entity1 was 2.0 (0.4-7.3) and 2.0 (0.4-10.0) weeks and the median total delay 8.6 (3.6-22.3) and 10.6 (3.1-30.8) weeks respectively. At these two clinics 59% and 51% of all @entity625 @entity1 and 65% and 53% of the @entity1 that were subsequently diagnosed with undifferentiated @entity625 or @entity309 were seen within 12 weeks after symptom onset. In the Leiden and Groningen control groups that arrived via regular referrals, only 32% and 38% were seen within 12 weeks time. CONCLUSIONS: The EARC increased the early identification of @entity625 and @entity309 .

title: Improved early identification of XXXX : evaluating the efficacy of Early @entity625 Recognition Clinics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'Arthritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and durability of transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) in the treatment of @entity1067 . The clinical variables useful in predicting outcome were identified. METHODS: From October 1996 to March 2000, 58 @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1067 were treated with TUMT using the Urowave device. Treatment outcome was evaluated by the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality-of-life assessment score, and urodynamic investigation. The @entity1 were divided into those having a good and poor response on the basis of the degree of IPSS decrease at 3 months. RESULTS: The mean IPSS significantly decreased from 19.2 at baseline to 13.3 at 3 months (P <0.0001). The mean quality-of-life score changed from 4.6 at baseline to 2.9 at 3 months (P <0.0001). No statistically significant differences in peak flow rate, postvoid residual volume, Sch  fer's obstruction scale, or detrusor pressure at peak flow were noted before or after TUMT. The pretreatment IPSS of the good response group was significantly higher than that of the poor response group (P=0.017). A more significant difference was obtained for the obstructive score (P = 0.002), and no difference was observed in the irritative score (P = 0.631). The Sch  fer grading scale score of the good response group was significantly smaller than that of the poor response group (P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: TUMT with the Urowave was effective in eliminating symptoms associated with @entity1067 , but did not markedly improve the objective voiding parameters. @entity1 with urodynamically less obstructive symptoms but subjectively more obstructive symptoms are therefore probably good candidates for TUMT.

title: Microwave thermotherapy for XXXX with the Dornier Urowave: response durability and variables potentially predicting response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: @entity8599 is a controversial phenomenon. Both its definition and the diagnostic procedure contribute to the fact that the literature about the aetiology of this disorder is difficult to interpret. There is, however, consensus about the multifactorial nature of the aetiology. Besides peripheral (morphological) @entity4059 , central (pathophysiological and psychological) @entity4059 can be distinguished. In the past, morphological @entity4059 , like occlusal discrepancies and the anatomy of the bony structures of the orofacial region, have been considered the main causative @entity4059 for @entity8599 . Nowadays, these @entity4059 play only a small role, if any. Recent focus is more on the pathophysiological @entity4059 . For example, @entity8599 has been suggested to be part of a sleep arousal response. In addition, @entity8599 appears to be modulated by various neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. More specifically, disturbances in the central dopaminergic system have been linked to @entity8599 . Further, @entity4059 like smoking, @entity167 , drugs, diseases and @entity130 may be involved in the @entity8599 aetiology. Psychological @entity4059 like stress and @entity1314 are frequently mentioned in relation to @entity8599 as well. However, research to these @entity4059 comes to equivocal results and needs further attention. Taken all evidence together, @entity8599 appears to be mainly regulated centrally, not peripherally.

title: XXXX is mainly regulated centrally, not peripherally.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality']

entities_list: @entity8599 :: ('MESH:D002012', 'Disease') :: ['bruxism', 'Bruxism']

answer: @entity8599 :: (MESH:D002012,Disease) :: ['Bruxism']


abstract: AIM: The @entity1 intestinal microflora has been shown to impact host physiology. In @entity291 , intestinal bacteria are also associated with faecal contamination of environmental sources and @entity1 illness via foodborne pathogens. Use of @entity3126 ( @entity3126 ) in @entity291 feed creates a gastrointestinal environment where some bacterial species are enriched. Here, we examine if a diet containing 40% @entity3126 results in fundamentally different microbial community structures. METHODS AND RESULTS: The 20,002 16S r-RNA gene sequences from 20 beef @entity291 were analysed using Sanger sequencing methods. At the genus level, Prevotella (Gram negative) and Anaerobacter (Gram positive) were the most frequently occurring bacteria in our beef @entity291 faecal samples. Diet-associated differences in prevalence were noted for Prevotella but not Anaerobacter. CONCLUSIONS: Diet affects community structure. Faecal communities of co-housed beef @entity291 are not identical. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: It is known that a diet of 40% @entity4336 -based @entity3126 increases the generic @entity526 in the faeces and enriches @entity526 O157:H7. The results from the current study suggest that in addition to previously observed changes in @entity526 , the entire bacterial community structure is different for animals fed 40% @entity4336 -based @entity3126 compared to a traditional @entity4336 -finishing diet.

title: Comparison of bacterial communities in faeces of beef @entity291 fed diets containing XXXX and wet distillers' grain with solubles.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['WDGS', "wet distillers' grains with solubles"]

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity4336 :: (381124,Species) :: ['corn']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to describe the radiologic and clinical manifestations of @entity7548 @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) for @entity2312 . METHOD: From 1992 to 1999, the medical records of 140 @entity1 who had undergone EIS using @entity7548 were reviewed for identification of @entity1576 and amount of injection, and their pre- and postprocedure chest radiographs were reviewed to identify @entity1151 . In @entity1 with @entity1151 , pre- and postprocedure chest radiographs (6/6), chest CT scans (3/6), lung perfusion scans (3/6), and follow-up chest radiographs (6/6) were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Radiographically evident @entity1151 was observed in 6 (4.3%) of 140 @entity1 . In comparison with @entity1 without emboli, these @entity1 received a higher mean volume of injection (4.2 vs. 1.8 ml) (p = 0.0011). Four of the six @entity1 with @entity1151 had @entity1576 . Chest radiographs and CT scans showed unusual tubular or nodular, radiopaque @entity1151 along the pulmonary vessels. Multiple peripheral, wedge-shaped, subsegmental perfusion defects were seen on perfusion lung scans. In five of six @entity1 , the radiographic abnormalities showed complete or partial resolution. There were no fatalities directly associated with @entity1151 . CONCLUSION: Radiographically evident PEs are uncommonly observed following EIS and appear to be more common in @entity1 receiving a higher volume of liquid @entity3678 . Affected @entity1 were either mildly symptomatic or asymptomatic, and there were no direct fatalities of this complication.

title: @entity7548 @entity1151 after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3678 :: ('MESH:C036658', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylate']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emboli', 'PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity7548 :: ('MESH:D004659', 'Chemical') :: ['n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2312 :: ('MESH:D004932', 'Disease') :: ['gastric variceal bleeding']

answer: @entity2312 :: (MESH:D004932,Disease) :: ['gastric variceal bleeding']


abstract: The characteristics of @entity63 episodes in exercise test and daily activities were observed in a silent @entity741 (SMI) group and an anginal group (23 @entity1 each). 15 @entity1 in the SMI group were treated with @entity594 . In exercise test, the time of onset of @entity63 was earlier and the @entity63 threshold was lower in SMI group. During daily activities, the frequency of SMI was high. The heart rate just before onset of SMI was lower than the mean heart rate in 24-hour Holter monitoring. The highest frequency of SMI was found between 5 AM and 12 noon. Postinfarction @entity1 had a higher frequency and a longer duration of SMI than noninfarction @entity1 . The frequency and duration of SMI decreased in the 15 @entity1 treated with @entity594 in SMI group. It is concluded that silent @entity63 episodes were frequent and occurred easily. They might be associated with poor prognosis in CAD @entity1 . @entity594 was effective in reducing the frequency and duration of SMI in our @entity1 .

title: [Clinical characteristics of silent XXXX and the effect of @entity594 treatment].

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: The effects of anesthetics on @entity460 metabolism in @entity5434 were studied. Eight adult female @entity5434 were used in a crossover design. Blood was collected from each of the monkeys at four timepoints: (1) while conscious; (2) following induction of anesthesia with @entity3652 , @entity3652 and @entity3897 , @entity5161 , or no anesthetic; (3) at 30 min; and (4) 120 min thereafter. Four experiments were performed with a 1 week washout period between sessions, such that each monkey received each treatment. @entity972 was lower in anesthetized monkeys than in those that remained conscious. @entity701 , although high, did not differ among anesthetic treatments. @entity3652 and @entity3652 / @entity3897 did not consistently affect ionized @entity460 or @entity44832 ( @entity44832 ) concentrations. @entity5161 decreased ionized @entity460 (0.05 mmol/L), and increased @entity44832 and osteocalcin twofold. The serum inorganic @entity1388 concentration was higher in monkeys anesthetized with @entity5161 than with @entity3652 / @entity3897 , which may partially account for the decrease in ionized @entity460 with @entity5161 . The increases in @entity44832 and osteocalcin are presumably secondary to the decrease in ionized @entity460 .

title: The anesthetic @entity5161 decreases ionized XXXX and increases @entity44832 and osteocalcin in @entity5434 .

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['Potassium']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoflurane', 'isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Preclinical and clinical studies have emphasized that persistent small afferent input will induce a state of central facilitation that can be attenuated by systemically administered nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. However, these studies have been performed using cutaneous models of @entity1931 . In this study we evaluated the effects of IV @entity6058 on an experimental model of deep tissue @entity1931 using IM @entity2951 . We used a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Ten subjects received 60 mg of @entity6058 or placebo in 2 sessions separated by 1 wk. @entity2951 (100 microg in 10 microL) was then injected into the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle of the left forearm. After injection, spontaneous @entity158 scores, pressure @entity158 scores, gripping @entity158 , @entity158 distribution, and @entity158 quality were recorded at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 min. Cutaneous @entity1931 and @entity809 were then mapped and thermal and mechanical thresholds were measured. The IM injection of @entity2951 resulted in a reliable report of @entity158 , @entity1931 , and @entity158 . @entity6058 had no effect on spontaneous @entity158 , elicited @entity158 , @entity158 distribution, or secondary @entity1931 induced by @entity2951 . The findings of this study support the feasibility of further pharmacological studies using the IM @entity2951 @entity158 model.

title: The effect of intravenous @entity6058 on XXXX -induced deep tissue @entity1931 .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'allodynia']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['Capsaicin', 'capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['dysesthesia']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac', 'Ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['referred pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity2951 :: (MESH:D002211,Chemical) :: ['capsaicin']


abstract: The @entity6668 protein is expressed only on @entity1 red blood cells (RBC), and is one of the most immunogenic of the blood groups. It is of clinical importance since the alloantibody (anti-D) can hemolyse D positive RBC after blood transfusion, or cause @entity6570 . The immunogenicity of D is better understood with the knowledge of the genetic basis of the protein(s) involved, the molecular orientation in the RBC membrane, and the nature of the cellular immune response to proteins. The adaptive humoral response consists of antigen presenting cells, T-cells and B-cells, which interact cooperatively to result in antibody against the antigen in question. The anti-D that B-cells produce is targeted against surface membrane determinants (B-cell epitopes) and are conformational i.e. non-contiguous @entity1522 . The antigen specific T-cells recognize short linear peptides in the context of MHC class II, and these T-cell epitopes can reside anywhere in the protein. Since the @entity6668 protein in D-positive individuals differs by some 35 @entity1522 from the RhCcEe protein in D-negative individuals, the opportunity for generating immunogenic T-cell epitopes is much greater than that for alleles characterized by a single @entity535 difference e.g. E and e. Multiple conformational B-cell epitopes are also created by the presence of several D-specific @entity1522 in extracellular loops on the red cells surface, which may stimulate several B-cell clones and develop a strong polyclonal antibody response. With greater understanding comes the possibility of manipulating the immune response to D in clinical situations.

title: Alloimmunity to XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity6570 :: ('MESH:D004899', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic disease of the newborn']

answer: @entity6668 :: (6007,Gene) :: ['RhD']


abstract: Eight adolescent athletes (average age, 11 years; range, 9 to 15) underwent open reduction and internal fixation of acute, displaced @entity174 . Fixation was achieved with a screw and washer. Four @entity1 (50%) had associated @entity3029 . Elbow motion in a brace was initiated 4 days after surgery. The brace allowed full flexion and extension but protected the elbow against valgus stress. Bracing was continued for 4 weeks. The average duration of followup was 10 months (range, 6 to 13). All @entity174 united, and full motion was achieved in seven @entity1 . One @entity1 lost 5 degrees of @entity3579 compared with the opposite elbow. All eight elbows were stable to valgus stress and were @entity158 -free. All @entity1 returned to full sports activity.

title: Surgical treatment of displaced XXXX in adolescent athletes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'medial epicondyle fractures']

entities_list: @entity3579 :: ('MESH:C536192', 'Disease') :: ['hyperextension']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['elbow dislocations']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['medial epicondyle fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to determine if three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound improves the specificity for @entity43 detection as compared with two-dimensional ultrasound. METHODS: Seventy-one @entity1 with a known complex pelvic mass were referred for a preoperative ultrasound evaluation with both two-dimensional and three-dimensional gray-scale ultrasonography. The 3D studies were performed with the Kretz Voluson 530D using a mechanized transvaginal probe. Surface rendering and power Doppler imaging were performed by the same gynecologic sonologist, and reassigned to one of four echo patterns: cystic, multicystic, complex, or solid. Sonographic criteria used for diagnosing @entity43 were based on a system that included morphological characteristics, histological prediction, and power Doppler imaging. RESULTS: Seventy-one @entity1 underwent surgical exploration: 14 (19.7%) had @entity43 (2 FIGO stage I, 2 stage II, 7 stage III, and 3 metastatic colon) and 2 had uterine @entity5 . Two-dimensional gray-scale ultrasound identified 40 masses as suspicious for @entity5 , including all 14 @entity5 , yielding a sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of 100, 54, and 35%, respectively. However, evaluation with 3D power Doppler identified only 28 cases as suspicious (including all 14 @entity5 ), resulting in a sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of 100, 75, and 50%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional power Doppler imaging better defines the morphological and vascular characteristics of @entity2670 . All @entity5 were correctly identified by both 2D and 3D imaging; however, the specificity significantly improved with the addition of 3D power Doppler. This improved diagnostic accuracy may promote improved @entity1 care by separating complex benign masses from @entity43 , therefore facilitating appropriate physician referral.

title: Three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound improves the diagnostic accuracy for XXXX prediction.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian lesions']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation in selective @entity1 with @entity453 . METHOD: From October 2002 to November 2007, 44 consecutive @entity1 underwent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) on left main coronary artery lesions, including 5 @entity1 with concurrent @entity1002 (ejection fraction<40%), 2 with chronic @entity1576 and 5 with @entity177 . The findings in coronary angiography, procedural success rate, severe complications and the follow-up results of the @entity1 were analyzed. RESULTS: The immediate procedural success rate was 100% in these @entity1 without any severe complications. No non-fatal acute @entity583 or emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was performed and @entity204 occurred in none of the cases during hospitalization. In the follow-up period for 14.2-/+9.3 (6-65) months after PCI, no subacute or late @entity715 were found. One @entity1 died from @entity712 4 months after PCI, and 6 @entity1 (13.6%) experienced recurrent @entity951 . Thirty-seven @entity1 (84.1%) were free of any major @entity65 (MACE) after the procedure. A repeat coronary angiography was performed in 35 @entity1 (79.5%) within 6 months after PCI, and 3 (8.6%) of them were confirmed to have @entity256 , including 1 @entity1 with distal bifurcation @entity256 who were subsequently treated with CABG and two @entity1 with side-branch ostium @entity256 managed with cutting @entity384 . CONCLUSIONS: Implantation of drug-eluting stents is safe and effective for management of @entity453 with good immediate and long-term outcomes.

title: [Drug-eluting stent implantation for unprotected XXXX : immediate and long-term outcomes].

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['left main coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['left main coronary artery disease']


abstract: Experimental studies have pointed to charge selectivity as an important determinant of glomerular permeability to macromolecules. Loss of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) polyanion has been proposed as a cause of the selective @entity644 in minimal change @entity1985 (MCNS). However, the presence of less-anionic albumin in urine than plasma from MCNS and @entity628 ( @entity628 ) @entity1 has been interpreted both as evidence for partial maintenance of charge selectivity and for involvement of other pathogenic mechanisms. The exact role of charge selectivity in the pathogenesis of @entity1985 remains controversial. We have examined the clearance of endogenous proteins of differing size and charge in @entity1 with @entity3441 ( @entity1985 ). Chromatofocusing was used to determine the isoelectric points (pIs) of albumins in paired plasma and urine samples from @entity1 with @entity628 (n = 6) and MCNS (n = 6). Charge selectivity was assessed by comparing the pIs of the fractions with the highest albumin concentration (model pI) in plasma and urine. The difference between the modal pIs was defined as the delta modal pI. Charge selectivity was also assessed from the albumin/ @entity69 and IgG4/IgG1 clearance ratios; size selectivity from the IgG1/albumin and IgG1/ @entity69 as well as the IgG4/albumin and IgG4/ @entity69 clearances. In @entity1 with @entity628 , the mean (+/-SD) delta modal pI was -0.05 +/- 0.16, and in MCNS -0.05 +/- 0.11. Neither value differed significantly from zero. The albumin/ @entity69 clearance ratio showed no significant difference between @entity628 and MCNS, but the IgG4/IgG1 clearance ratio was significantly higher in MCNS (P < 0.05). Size selectivity was significantly reduced in @entity628 compared with MCNS (for IgG1/ @entity69 P < 0.01 and for IgG1/albumin P < 0.05). For IgG4/ @entity69 and IgG4/albumin, P was < 0.05. In conclusion, there was no evidence for residual charge selectivity in idiopathic @entity1985 associated with either MCNS or @entity628 during nephrotic-range @entity644 . There was a significant loss of GBM size selectivity in @entity1 with @entity628 with heavy @entity644 compared with @entity1 with MCNS with heavy @entity644 .

title: Charge and size selectivity of @entity644 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity3441 :: ('MESH:C535761', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis', 'FSGS']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'nephrotic proteinuria', 'nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity3441 :: (MESH:C535761,Disease) :: ['idiopathic nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Taste disturbance is known to occur as one of the adverse events associated with chemotherapy for gynecological @entity5 , but few studies have attempted to assess it in practical terms. Therefore, a range of taste tests was performed in gynecological @entity5 @entity1 . METHODS: The @entity1 were 23 @entity1 with gynecological @entity5 being treated with anticancer agents. Subjective symptoms of altered taste were classified, and objective findings were obtained with the following four gustatory tests: serum trace element ( @entity219 , @entity920 , @entity68 ) levels, tongue cultures, electrogustometry, and the filter paper disc tests. RESULTS: Of the 23 subjects, 11 perceived taste disturbances. The serum @entity219 level was consistently below the lower limit of normal. On tongue cultures, indigenous bacteria were seen in all @entity1 during the entire treatment period. Electrogustometry revealed a tendency for the development of @entity30205 in the @entity129 field. Conversely, hypergeusia tended to develop gradually in the greater petrosal nerve field. The filter paper disc test revealed a tendency for the development of hypergeusia for @entity7250 , saltiness, and sourness in the @entity129 field. @entity30205 for bitterness tended to develop with increasing number of chemotherapy cycles. The glossopharyngeal nerve field exhibited the same tendencies as observed in the @entity129 field. In the greater petrosal nerve field, there was a tendency for the development of hypergeusia for @entity7250 , sourness, and bitterness. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal test results were seen in half of @entity1 after @entity5 chemotherapy.

title: Examination of the taste disorder associated with gynecological XXXX chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['chorda tympani nerve']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity7250 :: ('MESH:D016463', 'Disease') :: ['sweetness']

entities_list: @entity30205 :: ('MESH:D000370', 'Disease') :: ['hypogeusia', 'Hypogeusia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the intensity of @entity5 budding in @entity189 and to determine how it correlates with the malignant potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Intensities of the @entity5 budding at the invasive front of the surgical specimens from 90 @entity1 (male, 51) with well- or moderately-differentiated @entity189 were investigated. Differences in the budding intensity among pathologic variables were compared, and recurrences and survivals were analyzed in accordance with degree of the budding intensity. The @entity1 ranged in age from 33 to 75 years (mean, 55.4) with the median follow-up being 43 months (range, 12 approximately 108). RESULTS: @entity5 budding was identified in 89 @entity1 (98.9%) with a mean intensity of 7.5+/-5.3. The budding intensity was significantly higher in @entity5 with lymphatic invasion (p=0.0081), blood vessel invasion (p<0.0001), and perineural invasion (p=0.0013) than in those @entity5 without these findings. It became significantly higher with the increase in nodal stage (p<0.0001). The intensity of @entity5 budding in @entity1 with relapse (29 @entity1 ) was significantly higher than that in @entity1 without relapse (6.2+/-5.0 vs. 10.2+/-4.9; p=0.0005), but this difference in the intensity was observed only for the node-positive @entity1 (8.0+/-3.4 vs. 11.9+/-5.1; p=0.0064). When the @entity1 were stratified into two groups on either side of the mean of the intensity, the higher intensity group showed a significantly less favorable disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) (p=0.0026 and 0.0205, respectively). Based on the multivariate analysis, the nodal stage and the intensity of budding proved to be the independent variables associated with DFS (p=0.023 and 0.03, respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity5 budding at the invasive margin is a reliable pathologic index that indicates a higher malignant potential and a less favorable prognosis for @entity1 with advanced @entity189 .

title: Intensity of @entity5 budding as an index for the malignant potential in invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['rectal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Measurement of the serum @entity3745 (Tg) level with TSH stimulation ( @entity17649 ) is the cornerstone of monitoring for the recurrence or persistence of @entity259 ( @entity259 ) in @entity1 who have undergone surgery and remnant ablation. However, there have been several reports that an undetectable @entity17649 could not predict the absence of future recurrence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of @entity259 @entity1 who achieved biochemical remission (BR, defined as @entity17649 <1 ng/mL) after initial treatment, and to determine the role of repeated @entity17649 measurement in detecting a clinical recurrence. METHODS: This is a retrospective observational cohort study in a tertiary referral hospital. There were 1010 @entity259 @entity1 who achieved BR at 12 months after the initial treatment (surgery and ablation), and they were eligible for analysis. Among them, 787 @entity1 had values of repeated @entity17649 . RESULTS: Thirteen out of 1010 (1.3%) @entity1 had clinical recurrences during a median 84 months of follow-up. All of the clinical recurrences were limited to the cervical lymph nodes without clinical evidence of distant @entity3 . Among 787 @entity1 with available repeated @entity17649 , 10 had clinical recurrences (5 out of 750 @entity1 with repeated @entity17649 <1 ng/mL and 5 out of 37 @entity1 with repeated @entity17649 >=  1 ng/mL). @entity1 with repeated @entity17649 >=  1 ng/mL had a much greater chance of disease recurrence (log-rank statistics=43.7, df=1, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: About 1% of @entity259 @entity1 who had @entity17649 <1 ng/mL 12 months after initial treatment had a clinical recurrence. All of clinical recurrences were loco-regional recurrences. Although repeated @entity17649 measurement can be helpful to predict recurrence, we could not recommend it for surveillance in @entity1 with BR due to its very low yield.

title: Long-term clinical outcome of @entity259 @entity1 with undetectable stimulated XXXX level one year after initial treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['DTC', 'differentiated thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity3745 :: (7038,Gene) :: ['thyroglobulin']


abstract: @entity263 has a high propensity to metastasize to bone, which often resists hormone, radiation, and chemotherapies. Because of the reciprocal nature of the @entity263 and @entity79 interaction, we designed a cotargeting strategy using a conditional replication-competent adenovirus to target the growth of @entity5 cells and their associated osteoblasts. The recombinant Ad-OC-E1a was constructed using a noncollagenous bone matrix protein osteocalcin (OC) promoter to drive the viral early E1a gene with restricted replication in cells that express OC transcriptional activity. Unlike Ad-PSE-E1a, Ad-OC-E1a was highly efficient in inhibiting the growth of PSA-producing (LNCaP, C4-2, and @entity19023 ) and nonproducing ( @entity5049 ) @entity1 @entity263 cell lines. This virus was also found to effectively inhibit the growth of @entity1 osteoblasts and @entity1 prostate stromal cells in vitro. Athymic @entity19 bearing s.c. @entity342 receptor-negative and PSA-negative PC-3 xenografts responded to a single intratumoral administration of 2 x 10(9) plaque-forming unit(s) of Ad-OC-E1a. In @entity915 /bg @entity19 , intraosseous growth of @entity342 receptor-positive and PSA-producing C4-2 xenografts responded markedly to i.v. administrations of a single dose of Ad-OC-E1a. One hundred percent of the treated @entity19 responded to this systemic Ad-OC-E1a therapy with a decline of serum PSA to an undetectable level, and 80% of the @entity19 with PSA rebound responded to the second dose of systemic Ad-OC-E1a. Forty percent of the @entity19 were found to be cured by systemic Ad-OC-E1a without subsequent PSA rebound or @entity5 cells found in the skeleton. This cotargeting strategy shows a broader spectrum and appears to be more effective than systemic Ad-PSE-E1a in preclinical models of @entity1 @entity263 skeletal @entity3 .

title: A conditional replication-competent adenoviral vector, Ad-OC-E1a, to @entity263 and @entity79 in an experimental model of @entity342 -independent XXXX bone @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone stroma']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As angiogenesis is one of the key steps in @entity5 growth, invasion, and @entity3 , antiangiogenic therapy is supposed to be an attractive approach for antitumor treatment. We investigated the cytotoxic, anti-adhesive, and anti-invasive effects of @entity26557 in vitro and on intraperitoneal @entity5 growth in a laparoscopic @entity35 model of @entity298 using CC531 @entity694 cells. METHODS: The in vitro adhesion and @entity137 assays were performed with microtiter plates, and the invasion assay with Transwell dual chambers. Normal saline was used as control. In in vivo experiments, CC531 @entity420 cells were intraperitoneally given to @entity35 Albino Glaxo @entity35 after the establishment of a @entity516 . The animals received @entity26557 in different doses intraperitoneally, and in some, @entity26557 was additionally administered subcutaneously. Saline was used as control. After 21 days, the animals were euthanized to determine the @entity5 weight. RESULTS: In in vitro experiments, there was no effect of @entity26557 on the viability of @entity5 cells in the @entity137 assay, but there was a significant inhibition of @entity5 cell adhesion and invasion (p<0.05 and p<0.01) in all @entity26557 concentrations. In in vivo experiments, an intraperitoneal application of 20 microg @entity26557 , but not 10 microg, significantly (p<0.005) decreased the intraperitoneal @entity5 weight compared with controls. This effect was most pronounced after the combined intraperitoneal and subcutaneous applications. CONCLUSION: @entity26557 given intraperitoneally at a dose of 20 microg alone or in combination with subcutaneous application significantly diminishes intraperitoneal @entity5 growth in @entity35 undergoing laparoscopy. This may offer additional therapeutic options for @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic surgery for @entity14 .

title: Effects of the angiogenesis inhibitor @entity26557 on the growth of CC531 @entity694 cells in vitro and in a laparoscopic animal model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intra-abdominal tumor']

entities_list: @entity26557 :: ('MESH:D043168', 'Chemical') :: ['angiostatin', 'Angiostatin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate the commonly used markers--namely @entity650 , @entity310 , @entity1356 , @entity1851 and E-selection for identification of late onset @entity295 ; to define the optimal cutoff value for each marker in preterm neonates; to assess whether these markers could assist in early discontinuation of antibiotics in non-infected cases; and to delineate the profile of these markers during @entity281 and in relation to successful treatment. METHODS: Very low birthweight @entity1 in whom clinical @entity295 was suspected when they were > 72 hours of age were eligible for study. A full @entity295 screen was performed in each episode. Cytokines, @entity1851 , and @entity4105 were serially measured on days 0 (at the time of @entity295 evaluation), 1, 2, 4 and 7. The optimal cutoff value for each marker was calculated after minimising the number of misclassified episodes over all possible cutoff values for days 0 and 1. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for each test and combination of tests for predicting @entity281 were also determined. RESULTS: One hundred and one episodes of suspected clinical @entity295 were investigated in 68 @entity1 . Forty five episodes were proved to be @entity281 . The optimal cutoff values were @entity650 31 pg/ml, @entity310 17 pg/ml, @entity1356 1 pg/ml, C reactive protein 12 mg/l and @entity4105 174 ng/ml. @entity650 had the highest sensitivity (89%) and negative predictive value (91%) for detecting late onset @entity281 on day 0. However, between 24 and 48 hours of onset, @entity1851 was the best single marker, with an overall sensitivity and specificity of 84% and 96%, respectively. The use of serial and multiple markers in the first 48 hours further enhanced the sensitivity and specificity of these tests. Performing @entity650 and @entity1851 on day 0, together with either @entity310 on day 1 or @entity1851 on day 2, showed the best overall sensitivity (98%) and specificity (91%) for the diagnosis of late onset @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: Optimal cutoff values for these markers in detecting late onset @entity281 in very low birthweight @entity1 have been defined. Withholding antibiotic treatment at the onset of @entity281 could be fatal and is not recommended, but the concomitant use of @entity650 and @entity1851 or @entity310 should allow antimicrobial treatment to be discontinued at 48 hours without waiting for microbiological results, provided that the @entity1 are in good clinical condition.

title: Diagnosis of late onset @entity295 with cytokines, adhesion molecule, and @entity1851 in preterm very low birthweight XXXX .

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'neonatal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'systemic infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Intimal thickening, due to smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, is considered to be one of the major components of vascular proliferative disorders such as @entity731 and restenosis. One experimental model, resulting in intimal thickening in the @entity95 , involves placing a @entity6619 collar around the carotid artery, and is used in this study. @entity11617 is known to act as a strong mitogen and to stimulate smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. We investigated the contribution of endothelin to the development of collar-induced intimal thickening and the effects of @entity46664 , (5 mg kg(-1) daily, s.c.), a non-selective ET(A)/ET(B) receptor antagonist, on intimal thickening and vascular reactivity changes in the collared @entity95 carotid artery. Endothelin levels and the intimal cross-sectional area, as well as the ratio of intimal area to media (index), increased significantly in collared arteries as compared with those in sham-operated arteries. @entity46664 significantly inhibited intimal thickening and also decreased the index without affecting increased endothelin levels in collared arteries. Vascular reactivity changes in response to collaring produced predictable effects, such as decreased contractile responses to vasoconstrictor agents and increased sensitivity to @entity750 ( @entity750 , @entity750 ). In terms of contractile responses in this model, @entity46664 , in particular, did not affect collar-induced vascular reactivity changes. These results suggest that endothelin may be involved in the pathogenesis of collar-induced intimal thickening. As an endothelin receptor antagonist, @entity46664 may potentially be beneficial in the treatment of @entity731 .

title: The role of endothelin receptor antagonism in collar-induced intimal thickening and vascular reactivity changes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', 'serotonin', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity11617 :: ('MESH:D016232', 'Chemical') :: ['Endothelin']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: After performing anterior cervical corpectomy or discectomy for cervical spondolytic @entity602 or @entity614 , iliac crest bone graft and fibular auto- or allograft is often used to achieve arthrodesis in the cervical spine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a cylindrical @entity702 mesh and locking plate system as an alternative technique in achieving anterior cervical fusion and maintaining @entity1515 . Hospital records and radiographs of 38 @entity1 who underwent anterior cervical discectomies (28 @entity1 ) or corpectomies (10 @entity1 ) from 1995 to 1997 were reviewed retrospectively. All @entity1 had undergone arthrodesis in which autograft and a cylindrical @entity702 mesh and anterior locking plate fixation were used after discectomy or corpectomy. There were 20 @entity1 and 18 @entity1 (mean age 46.1 years; range 34-72 years). Presenting symptoms included @entity614 (61%), @entity602 (37%), and @entity4048 (2%). Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were studied, and data were obtained on the following: overall @entity1515 or @entity1513 of the cervical spine, segmental @entity1515 or @entity1513 at each surgically treated level, and evidence of fusion. In all of the @entity1 in whom @entity1515 was present preoperatively, @entity1515 was maintained during the follow-up period. The overall fusion rate was 100%. The average change in overall @entity1515 or @entity1513 related to the fixation devices was 1.2 degrees (range 1-5 degrees) the average segmental change was 2.3 degrees (range 0-5 degrees); and the mean follow up was 16 months (range 12-36 months). Anterior cervical fusion with cylindrical @entity702 mesh and cervical locking plate system is an effective method of achieving arthrodesis and maintaining alignment in the cervical spine. The construct may provide additional load-sharing function, and it avoids the use of cadaveric bone or the need for harvesting tricortical iliac crest autograft.

title: Use of cylindrical XXXX mesh and locking plates in anterior cervical fusion. Technical note.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity418 is the most common @entity189 in Black South African @entity1 . A number of etiological factors have been associated with the high prevalence. OBJECTIVES: The present study was undertaken to address social and environmental factors associated with the @entity5 in the African Black population of KwaZulu-Natal. CASE-CONTROL STUDIES AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The total number of cases recruited was 208. Of these, 87 were @entity418 @entity1 , 61 nonesophageal or other- @entity5 @entity1 , and 60 were @entity5 @entity1 . We tested several symptoms and risk factors to find out causes of the @entity5 : eyes watering (symptom), smoking, effects of smoking and @entity167 consumption combined, and consumption of beer fermented with infected @entity2829 . RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated statistically significant differences between the rates of eyes watering or smoking in the esophageal and the non- @entity418 @entity1 . Further, a statistically significant difference was found in the rates of eyes watering between @entity418 and @entity5 @entity1 . There was indeed a significant difference in the number of cases of @entity418 between @entity1 who smoked or drank beer and those who did not. @entity1 who drank beer fermented from infected @entity2829 were more likely to have @entity418 than @entity5 @entity1 .

title: XXXX in African blacks of Kwazulu Natal, South Africa: an epidemiological brief.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'non-cancer']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal cancer', 'esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['Esophageal cancer']


abstract: Large differences in prevalence of @entity565 have been reported between westernised countries and the former Eastern European countries, and still no consensus about the reasons for the differences exists. The aim of this study was to assess diagnostic labelling of obstructive @entity1030 , comparing subjects with respiratory symptoms and the diagnoses obtained in Estonia, Finland, and Sweden. A postal questionnaire was sent to population-based random samples, and 44,483 (76%) answers were obtained from the 58,661 invited in 1996. Among @entity1 , current smoking was most common in Estonia, 60%, followed by Finland, 39%, and Sweden, 28%. In all three countries, 30% of @entity1 were current smokers. Most respiratory symptoms including wheezing were most common in Estonia, also among non-smokers. The prevalence of @entity565 was 2.0% and chronic @entity3617 10.7% in Estonia, while the opposite was found in Sweden with an @entity565 prevalence of 7.8% and a chronic @entity3617 prevalence of 3.1%. The pattern in Finland was similar to that of Sweden. The same differences between the three countries were found also among young subjects. The total proportion of diagnosed @entity3885 in subjects with respiratory symptoms was similar, but the diagnosis of @entity565 was considerably more common in Finland and Sweden. @entity3311 was favoured in Estonia, also among young adults irrespectively of what symptoms were present. In a multivariate model with correction for confounders, the risk (OR) for having a diagnosis of @entity565 was 5.65 (95% CI: 4.86-6.56) when living in Sweden, and 3.51 (95% CI: 3.00-4.12) in Finland, whereas risk for chronic @entity3617 was 0.28 (0.25-0.31) and 0.22 (0.19-0.25), respectively, compared to Estonia. The study indicates differences in diagnostic practices of @entity3885 between the three countries.

title: Different labelling of obstructive XXXX in Estonia, Finland, and Sweden.

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity3311 :: ('MESH:D029481', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway diseases']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['airway diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In contrast to @entity1 milk, current @entity1 formulas in the United States do not contain omega3 and omega6 long-chain @entity1474 . This may lead to suboptimal blood lipid @entity844 profiles and to a measurable diminution of visual function in developing term @entity1 . The need for @entity4600 and @entity1426 supplementation in the @entity1 diet was evaluated in a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. METHODS: Healthy term @entity1 were randomized to diets of (1) commercial formula, (2) @entity4600 -enriched formula (0.35% of total @entity1718 ), or (3) @entity4600 - (0.36%) and @entity1426 - (0.72%) enriched formula. Eighty-seven @entity1 completed the 17-week nutritional trial, and 58 were observed until 52 weeks of life. A reference group was exclusively breast fed for at least 17 weeks (n = 29). Outcome measures included electroretinographic responses, visual evoked potentials, and blood @entity844 analysis in @entity1 at birth and at 6, 17, and 52 weeks of age. RESULTS: Commercial formula-fed @entity1 had 30% to 50% lower content of @entity4600 in total red blood cell lipids during the 17-week feeding trial compared with breastfed @entity1 . Significant differences persisted at the 1-year follow-up. @entity1426 content was consistently reduced in the commercial formula group by 15% to 20%. @entity1 fed long-chain @entity5204 -enriched formulas had @entity4600 and @entity1426 blood lipid profiles resembling those of @entity1 milk-fed @entity1 . @entity1 receiving this enriched formula had more mature electroretinographic responses than commercial formula-fed @entity1 at 6 weeks of age. @entity1 milk-fed and @entity4600 -enriched formula-fed @entity1 had better visual acuity than commercial formula-fed @entity1 at both 17 and 52 weeks of age. Early (17-week) @entity844 profiles in blood lipids were correlated with later (52-week) visual function development in study @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Results from this clinical trial demonstrate that long-chain @entity5204 supplementation of formula in term @entity1 produces blood lipid @entity844 profiles that are similar to those observed in breast-fed @entity1 . This supplementation leads to better visual function later in life (i.e., 1 year of age) than that shown by @entity1 fed commercial formula.

title: Impact of early dietary intake and blood lipid composition of long-chain XXXX on later visual development.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants', 'Infants', 'Human', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity5204 :: ('CHEBI:26208', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['Arachidonic acid', 'arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1474 :: (MESH:D005231,Chemical) :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']


abstract: Histomorphometric studies were performed on biopsies of the spongiosa from the iliac crest of @entity1 with @entity174 who had been taking medication for a @entity146 . The biopsy had been performed in 30 individuals, 10 of which were males and 20 females, ages ranging from 23 to 63 years, and from 21 to 75 respectively. Twenty healthy individuals were use as control. All anti- @entity146 drugs in this study have been calculated in terms of @entity2644 ( @entity5579 ). The purpose of the study and intraoperative biopsy had been explained to the @entity1 and their agreements were obtained before the surgery. The undecalcified specimen made from the iliac crest were studied using a semiautomatic image analyzer. In the result of this study, there was decrease in the bone volume (BV/TV), the osteoid surface (OS/BS), and the eroded surface (ES/BS) in the affected subjects compared to the controlled group. However, there was increase in the relative osteoid volume (OV/BV) among the subjects who had had a @entity146 for 21 years or more and taking more than 500 x 10(4) mg of @entity5579 . There was no significant difference in the @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) between the dosage of @entity5579 and periods of intake; however the @entity1168 was elevated in the affected group as compared to the controlled group. In conclusion, prolonged administration of @entity5579 may increase the volume of osteoid and disturb the @entity730 .

title: [Bone histomorphometric study of the ilium in @entity146 XXXX with longterm administration of anti- @entity146 drugs].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric condition']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['mineral apposition rate', 'MAR']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical, genetic and MR characteristics of @entity1 with @entity3877 ( @entity1315 ). DESIGN/METHODS: The familial occurrence of @entity1315 was identified by a systematic search of family history of @entity410 in @entity1 followed in the authors' @entity302 clinic. All probands and, whenever possible, other affected family members underwent EEG and MR investigations. RESULTS: Twenty-two unrelated families with at least two individuals with @entity1315 were identified by clinical and EEG findings. Ninety-eight individuals with history of @entity410 were evaluated. Sixty-eight @entity1 fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for @entity1315 . MRI was performed in 84 @entity1 , and showed @entity194 with increased T2 signal in 48 (57%). The distribution of @entity194 according to the @entity410 outcome groups was 6 of 13 @entity1 (46%) with @entity410 remission, 16 of 31 (51%) with good @entity410 control under medication, and all 16 @entity1 with refractory @entity1315 . Hippocampal @entity194 was found also in @entity1 that did not fulfill the criteria for @entity1315 : 3 of 10 (30%) @entity1 with @entity410 alone, 6 of 10 (60%) @entity1 with recurrent generalized @entity410 , and 1 of 4 (25%) @entity1 with a single partial @entity410 . CONCLUSION: Familial @entity1315 is a clinically heterogeneous syndrome. Hippocampal @entity194 was observed in 57% of @entity1 , including those with benign course or @entity410 remission, indicating that the relationship between @entity194 and severity of @entity302 might be more complex than previously suspected. In addition, these findings indicate the presence of a strong genetic component determining the development of @entity3877 in these families.

title: @entity410 outcome and XXXX in @entity3877 .

entities_list: @entity3877 :: ('MESH:C566903', 'Disease') :: ['familial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy', 'mesial temporal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'febrile seizure', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'hippocampal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['hippocampal atrophy']


abstract: A relatively small number of agents are used in mouthrinse products, although the possible variability in the final formulations is enormous. The aim of this study was to compare equal concentrations of 3 antimicrobial agents, in simple formulations, for plaque inhibition. This 4-day plaque regrowth study was a 5-cell, randomised, double blind cross-over design, involving 20 healthy @entity1 volunteers. The mouthrinse formulations were aqueous 0.05% solutions of @entity4410 ( @entity4411 ), @entity1216 and @entity14789 , together with a 0.1% @entity4411 and a minus active control rinse. On Day 1, from a zero plaque baseline, volunteers ceased normal oral hygiene and rinsed 2x daily for 1 min. with 10-ml volumes of the allocated rinses. On Day 5, plaque was scored by index and area. All rinses produced lower mean plaque values compared to control, but unlike the @entity4411 and @entity1216 rinses, the differences with @entity14789 did not always reach significance. The @entity4411 and @entity1216 rinses were always significantly more effective than the @entity14789 rinse. The greatest plaque inhibition was with 0.1% @entity4411 although rarely significantly greater than the 0.05% @entity4411 and @entity1216 rinses which were similar in efficacy. The results indicate that further studies on lower concentration @entity1216 solutions are warranted.

title: A comparison of XXXX , @entity14789 and @entity1216 mouthrinse formulations for effects on plaque regrowth.

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity14789 :: ('MESH:D014260', 'Chemical') :: ['triclosan']

entities_list: @entity4410 :: ('MESH:D002594', 'Chemical') :: ['cetylpyridinium chloride']

answer: @entity4410 :: (MESH:D002594,Chemical) :: ['cetylpyridinium chloride']


abstract: Despite the increased availability of strong analgesics and evidence-based recommendations for @entity158 management, under-treatment of @entity5 -related @entity158 is still common. Extended-release (ER) opioids, in contrast to immediate-release opioids, provide prolonged @entity1337 . In this review, we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of ER opioid analgesics in managing moderate-to-severe @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity5 . We identified @entity23 ( @entity23 ) and controlled observational studies that compared ER opioids in @entity5 by searching several databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Two independent reviewers screened and evaluated retrieved records to select relevant studies. We dually assessed the risk of bias for included studies and evaluated the overall strength of evidence for six critical outcomes using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation level of evidence. A total of three double-blind @entity23 (comparative efficacy and adverse events), two non-blinded @entity23 and four observational studies (comparative adverse events) were included in this review. All randomized trials and one observational study were of high risk of bias, and three observational studies of unclear risk of bias. The level of evidence for the selected efficacy and safety outcomes was low and very low. We synthesized the findings qualitatively because of the paucity of relevant studies as well as variable study design and quality. This systematic review indicates no substantial differences in efficacy and frequent adverse events among ER opioids for @entity5 . The body of evidence, however, is limited to few comparisons and fraught with methodological shortcomings.

title: Extended-release opioids in the management of XXXX : a systematic review of efficacy and safety.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer pain']