abstract: Antibiotic resistance and mechanisms involved were studied in @entity526 isolates from fecal samples of healthy @entity1 . Fifty fecal samples were analyzed, and one colony per sample was recovered and identified by biochemical and molecular tests. Forty-one @entity526 isolates were obtained (82%). MIC testing was performed by agar dilution with 18 antibiotics, and the mechanisms of resistance were analyzed. Ampicillin resistance was detected in 24 isolates (58.5%), and blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaOXA type genes were studied by PCR and sequencing. The following beta-lactamases were detected (number of isolates): TEM (20), SHV-1 (1), and OXA-30 (1). The number of @entity4028 -resistant isolates detected was as follows: @entity3639 (15), @entity2890 (1), @entity801 (1), and @entity7913 (4). The aac(3)-IV gene was detected in the only @entity801 -resistant isolate. Nine (22%) and 2 (5%) isolates showed @entity802 (NALR) and @entity2177 resistance (CIPR), respectively. Mutations in GyrA and @entity30939 proteins were shown in both NAL(R)-CIP(R) isolates and were the following: (1) GyrA ( @entity21131 + @entity21132 ), @entity30939 (S801); and (2) GyrA ( @entity21131 + A84P), @entity30939 ( @entity66722 + @entity66723 ). A single mutation in the S83 codon of the gyrA gene was found in the remaining seven NAL(R)-CIP(S) isolates. @entity803 resistance was identified in 21 isolates (51%) and the following resistance genes were found (number of isolates): tetA (12), tetB (5), and tetD (1). @entity2755 resistance was detected in five isolates (12%). These results show that the intestinal tract of healthy @entity1 constitutes a reservoir of resistant bacteria and resistance genes.

title: Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in XXXX isolates obtained from healthy @entity1 in Spain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity7913 :: ('MESH:D007612', 'Chemical') :: ['kanamycin']

entities_list: @entity21131 :: ('p|SUB|S|83|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['S83L']

entities_list: @entity21132 :: ('p|SUB|D|87|N', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['D87N']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['Chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity802 :: ('MESH:D009268', 'Chemical') :: ['nalidixic acid']

entities_list: @entity66722 :: ('p|SUB|S|80|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['S80I']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: @entity1 sperm acquire fertilizing ability in the female tract in a process known as capacitation. At the molecular level, capacitation is associated with up-regulation of a @entity268 -dependent pathway, changes in intracellular pH, intracellular @entity141 , and an increase in @entity4149 phosphorylation. How these signaling systems interact during capacitation is not well understood. Results presented in this study indicate that @entity141 ions have a biphasic role in the regulation of @entity268 -dependent signaling. Media without added @entity141 salts (nominal zero @entity141 ) still contain micromolar concentrations of this ion. Sperm incubated in this medium did not undergo PKA activation or the increase in @entity4149 phosphorylation suggesting that these phosphorylation pathways require @entity141 . However, chelation of the extracellular @entity141 traces by @entity4527 induced both @entity268 -dependent phosphorylation and the increase in @entity4149 phosphorylation. The @entity4527 effect in nominal zero @entity141 media was mimicked by two calmodulin antagonists, W7 and calmidazolium, and by the calcineurin inhibitor @entity205 . These results suggest that @entity141 ions regulate sperm @entity268 and @entity4149 phosphorylation pathways in a biphasic manner and that some of its effects are mediated by calmodulin. Interestingly, contrary to wild-type @entity19 sperm, sperm from @entity39876 KO @entity19 underwent PKA activation and an increase in @entity4149 phosphorylation upon incubation in nominal zero @entity141 media. Therefore, sperm lacking @entity39876 @entity141 channels behave as wild-type sperm incubated in the presence of @entity4527 . This latter result suggests that @entity39876 transports the @entity141 involved in the regulation of @entity268 -dependent and @entity4149 phosphorylation pathways required for sperm capacitation.

title: Biphasic role of calcium in XXXX sperm capacitation signaling pathways.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Mammalian']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity1 with presumed @entity583 ( @entity583 ) have no clear culprit artery in approximately 10-15% of cases. We examined the value of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) for diagnosis in @entity1 with "no culprit" @entity583 . Data from a comprehensive prospective registry of @entity583 @entity1 were reviewed from March 2003 to December 2009. "No culprit" @entity1 were followed for diagnosis and clinical outcome. CMR was performed at the discretion of the attending cardiologist. Of 2728 consecutive presumed @entity583 @entity1 , 412 (15%) had no clear culprit artery. Of these, 202 (49%) had abnormal cardiac biomarkers with a definitive diagnosis in 157 (78%). Diagnoses in this group included @entity583 without a culprit lesion (24%), myopericarditis (22%), and @entity661 (21%). In 210 (51%) @entity1 with normal biomarkers, only 84 (40%) received a definitive diagnosis. Diagnoses in this group included myopericarditis (27%), noncardiac causes (21%), and @entity296 (14%). CMR was performed in 123 (30%) "no culprit" @entity1 . @entity1 who had CMR were more likely to have a definitive diagnosis than those who did not (95/123 [77%] vs. 144/289 [50%]; P=0.01). In particular, "no culprit" @entity1 with abnormal biomarkers were more likely to have a definitive diagnosis with CMR. CMR led to a diagnosis different from the presumptive clinical diagnosis in 53% of all cases. CMR is a valuable diagnostic tool to improve diagnostic accuracy in @entity1 with "no culprit" @entity583 .

title: "No culprit" XXXX : role of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['stress cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['ST-elevation myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Functional roles for chemokines have been demonstrated in several models of @entity63 -reperfusion injury. The redundancy inherent to chemokine pathways makes administration of neutralizing antibodies to any single chemokine ineffective in ameliorating injury. This study was undertaken to define the pattern of chemokine expression in @entity5721 ( @entity5721 ), and to determine whether a broad-spectrum chemokine inhibitor, NR58-3.14.3, could confer significant protection against @entity5721 . METHODS: Left lungs of @entity35 were rendered @entity63 for 90 minutes and then reperfused for 4 hours. Chemokine secretion into the alveolar space was quantified by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Treated animals received NR58-3.14.3 prior to reperfusion. @entity1317 was measured by lung permeability index, neutrophil accumulation in @entity358 was determined by @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) activity, and alveolar leukocyte counts were quantified in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) effluent. A ribonuclease protection assay evaluated mRNA expression of various chemokines. RESULTS: Lavage effluent in untreated animals demonstrated significant increases in the secretion of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC), @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity1505 ), @entity17104 ( @entity17104 ), @entity9269 and @entity657 ( @entity657 ). Animals receiving NR58-3.14.3 demonstrated a 37% (p < 0.001) reduction in @entity1317 and a marked reduction in lung @entity1589 activity (p < 0.001) and alveolar cell counts (p = 0.005). Chemokine inhibition decreased mRNA expression of a number of early response cytokines when compared with positive control animals, and caused a significant decrease (p < 0.04) in the secretion of @entity1505 . CONCLUSIONS: These studies demonstrate that chemokines are expressed after @entity63 and reperfusion, and that broad-spectrum chemokine inhibition ameliorates reperfusion injury. mRNA expression of early response cytokines was modulated, and the secretion of @entity1505 was decreased.

title: Novel broad-spectrum chemokine inhibitor protects against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['lung ischemia-reperfusion injury', 'LIRI']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['lung ischemia', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular injury', 'vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity657 :: ('24770(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1', 'MCP-1']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity17104 :: ('114105(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage inflammatory protein-2', 'MIP-2']

answer: @entity5721 :: (MESH:D015427,Disease) :: ['lung ischemia-reperfusion injury']


abstract: AIM: To assess the prevalence, causes, and risk factors for @entity1939 and @entity227 among elderly (>= 60 years of age) Chinese @entity1 in a metropolitan area of Shanghai, China. METHODS: Random cluster sampling was conducted to identify @entity1 among residents >= 60 years of age living in the Xietu Block, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China. Presenting visual acuity (PVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were checked by the Early Treatment @entity6 Study (ETDRS) visual chart. All eligible @entity1 underwent a comprehensive eye examination. Blindness and @entity227 were defined according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. RESULTS: A total of 4190 @entity1 (1688 @entity1 and 2502 @entity1 ) participated in the study, and the response rate was 91.1%. Based on PVA, the prevalence of @entity1939 was 1.1% and that of @entity227 was 7.6%. Based on BCVA, the prevalence of @entity1939 and @entity227 decreased to 0.9% and 3.9%, respectively. Older (>= 80 years of age) @entity1 , with low educational levels and smoking habits, exhibited a significantly greater chance for @entity1939 and @entity227 than did those with high educational levels and no smoking habits (P<0.05). Based on PVA and BCVA, the main causes of @entity1939 were @entity231 , @entity1020 , and @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). CONCLUSION: Our findings help to identify the population in need of intervention, to highlight the need for additional eye healthcare services in urban China.

title: Population-based survey of prevalence, causes, and risk factors for XXXX and @entity227 in an aging Chinese metropolitan population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'participants', 'women', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['myopic maculopathy', 'AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1939 :: (MESH:D001766,Disease) :: ['blindness']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the factors determining @entity583 size in unconscious @entity235 . DESIGN: In anaesthetised open chest @entity235 , the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded either by ligation or by @entity715 for different time periods (1.5 h, 4 h, 24 h), with or without reperfusion. Haemodynamic variables were recorded throughout the experiment. Radioactive microspheres (15 microns) were injected at the end of the ischaemic period to measure regional myocardial blood flow. @entity1188 size and area at risk were determined by the Evans blue @entity5045 staining technique followed by planimetry. SUBJECTS: Mongrel @entity235 of either sex (n = 16-42 per experiment), weight 18-25 kg, were used. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A large interindividual variability in @entity1188 size was observed after occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery at a standardised location for a well defined period. An examination of the factors responsible for this variability was carried out in order to develop a statistical model which would make it possible to predict @entity1188 size. Using multiple regression analysis, it was found that in most protocols (except 90 min @entity715 ) more than 85% of the variability in @entity1188 size could be explained by the size of the area at risk and the amount of collateral flow. Thus, knowing the area at risk and the collateral flow, a fairly accurate prediction can be made of the size of the @entity1188 that the @entity235 will develop after a defined occlusion period. Furthermore, it was found that the @entity1188 size increased with duration of occlusion, while duration of reperfusion had no effect. In the 90 min occlusion group @entity715 induced a larger final @entity1188 than ligature. CONCLUSIONS: A correction for baseline variables is necessary in order to compare @entity1188 size between experimental groups. The usefulness of this procedure is shown by an example of an experimental intervention, i.e., R 56,865, a drug with known cardioprotective effects.

title: Evaluation of factors influencing XXXX size in unconscious @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyltetrazolium']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarct']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To effectively treat @entity281 by @entity3256 -resistant strains, an early diagnosis is necessary. Bacterial cultures and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been used to define @entity3256 -resistant staphylococci. However, even when @entity1 display clinical signs of @entity281 , bacterial culture and real-time PCR often cannot confirm @entity281 . The aim of this study was to prospectively compare the utility of real-time PCR for the mecA gene detection following centrifugation of @entity1 samples with suspected @entity281 . RESULTS: In addition to the conventional real-time PCR method, we performed real-time PCR following centrifugation of the sample at 4,830*g for 10  min in a modified real-time PCR (M-PCR) method. We suspended cultured @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 and generated standard dilution series for in vitro experiments. The in vitro detection sensitivity of the M-PCR method was approximately 5.06 times higher than that of the conventional real-time PCR method. We performed bacterial culture, pathological examination, real-time PCR, and M-PCR to examine the infectious fluids and tissues obtained from 36 surgical @entity1 at our hospital. Of these, 20 @entity1 who had undergone primary total hip arthroplasty were enrolled as negative controls. In addition, 15 @entity1 were examined who were clinically confirmed to have an @entity281 , including periprosthetic @entity281 (eight @entity1 ), @entity1511 (two @entity1 ), infectious @entity1516 (two @entity1 ), and after spine surgery (three @entity1 ). In one sample from a @entity1 who developed infectious @entity1516 and two samples from surgical site @entity281 after spine surgery, the mecA gene was detected only by the M-PCR method. In one @entity1 with infectious @entity1516 , one @entity1 with @entity281 after arthroplasty, and two @entity1 with @entity1511 , the detection sensitivity of the M-PCR method was increased compared with PCR (clinical sample average: 411.6 times). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the M-PCR method is useful to detect @entity3256 -resistant strains @entity281 . In addition, the centrifugation process only takes 10  min longer than conventional real-time PCR methods. We believe that the M-PCR method could be clinically useful to detect @entity281 caused by @entity3256 -resistant strains.

title: Enrichment of bacteria samples by centrifugation improves the diagnosis of orthopaedics-related @entity281 via real-time PCR amplification of the bacterial XXXX -resistance gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['pyogenic spondylitis', 'purulent spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections', 'orthopaedic infections', 'joint infection']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoarthrosis']

answer: @entity3256 :: (MESH:D008712,Chemical) :: ['methicillin']


abstract: CONTEXT: Soft tissue @entity242 constitute a heterogeneous group of @entity5 for which tumorigenesis is not fully understood. Altered cell-cycle regulation may underlie the development and/or progression of @entity1 @entity5 . However, data concerning the occurrence of cell-cycle aberrations in soft tissue @entity242 are very limited. OBJECTIVES: To detect the abnormal features of cell-cycle regulatory proteins in soft tissue @entity242 and to determine the potential role of these proteins in clinical behavior. DESIGN: The @entity876 and Rb-cyclin D pathways were investigated by immunohistochemical studies of @entity876 , @entity7465 , @entity996 , @entity986 , @entity4910 , and @entity8985 proteins, respectively. RESULTS: Of the 67 @entity242 analyzed, nuclear accumulation of @entity876 was detected in 25 samples (37%), and overexpression of @entity7465 was found in 16 samples (24%). Both @entity876 and @entity7465 expression correlated with @entity5 grade. Abnormalities involving the Rb-cyclin D pathway were identified in all of the @entity5 by the altered expression of either @entity996 (72%) or @entity986 (94%). Fourteen (21%) and 64 (96%) cases demonstrated @entity4910 or @entity8985 expression, respectively. Overexpression of @entity4910 showed an association with @entity996 and @entity876 . There was no correlation between @entity996 , @entity986 , @entity4910 , or @entity8985 and @entity5 grade or relapse. CONCLUSION: Disturbance in the cell-cycle regulatory system involving the @entity876 pathway and the Rb-cyclin D pathway is relatively frequent in soft tissue @entity242 and may be a contributing factor in the tumorigenesis of these @entity5 . The alterations in the Rb-cyclin D pathway probably constitute an early event, whereas the abnormalities in the @entity876 pathway seem to be involved in @entity5 progression. It is noteworthy that @entity4910 may play a key role in linking both pathways.

title: Altered expression of G1 regulatory proteins in @entity1 soft tissue XXXX .

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'malignancies']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dietary @entity972 supplementation decreases blood pressure and prevents @entity64 in @entity1 , and prevents @entity64 and @entity8 in @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) @entity35 . OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of various concentrations of dietary @entity4337 ( @entity4338 ) on the hemodynamics of Dahl salt-resistant (DSR) and @entity1702 @entity35 receiving a 1% @entity2827 ( @entity1219 ) diet for 8 months, to determine whether there is an optimal dietary concentration of @entity4338 that minimizes increases in blood pressure and causes least impairment of blood flow in the brain and kidneys. METHODS AND RESULTS: We found a biphasic effect on hemodynamic parameters as a function of dietary @entity4338 in @entity1702 @entity35 of the Rapp strain fed 1% @entity1219 with increasing dietary @entity4338 (0.7, 2.6, 4 and 8%). After 8 months receiving a diet containing 1% @entity1219 and 0.7% @entity4338 , @entity1702 @entity35 had mean arterial pressures (MAP), plasma volumes, cardiac outputs and renal and cerebral vascular resistances that were significantly increased compared with those of DSR @entity35 receiving the same diet. With a 2.6% @entity4338 diet, all these parameters were significantly reduced compared with those in @entity1702 @entity35 fed the 0.7% @entity4338 diet and were similar to those in DSR @entity35 fed 2.6% @entity4338 . Total peripheral resistance in DSR and @entity1702 @entity35 was similar on all diets. When @entity4338 was increased to 4 and 8%, MAP, plasma volume, cardiac output and renal vascular resistance progressively increased in DSR and @entity1702 @entity35 , without changing total peripheral resistance. These changes paralleled increases in plasma @entity1369 , which resulted from adrenocortical stimulation by the increasing dietary @entity4338 ; however, cerebral vascular resistance of DSR and @entity1702 @entity35 decreased significantly with a 4% @entity4338 diet, despite increased @entity1369 and @entity1372 retention. Only @entity1702 @entity35 fed a 2.6% @entity4338 diet had hemodynamics similar to those of DSR control @entity35 fed the same diet, and @entity1368 , @entity1372 retention and increased plasma volume did not occur. CONCLUSION: 'Optimal' dietary @entity4338 (2.6%) prevents @entity101 and preserves cerebral and renal hemodynamics in @entity1702 @entity35 fed a diet containing 1% @entity1219 for 8 months, which causes @entity101 when dietary @entity4338 is limited or excessive.

title: Protective effects of dietary XXXX on hemodynamics of @entity1702 @entity35 in response to chronic administration of @entity2827 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damage']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1702 :: ('MESH:D013651', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'Dahl salt-sensitive']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['hyperaldosteronism']

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chloride']

answer: @entity4337 :: (MESH:D011189,Chemical) :: ['potassium chloride']


abstract: PURPOSE: In vivo screening of phage-displayed random peptide libraries (RPLs) has been used to identify peptide ligands to targets found on endothelial cells of blood vessels supplying specific tissues such as brain, kidney, and @entity5 tissue. Peptides that bind specifically to blood vessels supplying @entity5 tissue have been conjugated to cytotoxic agents and used to successfully eradicate @entity5 in a @entity19 model. With the ultimate goal of developing similar methods for treating @entity1 @entity5 , we describe an in vivo RPL screening process that, unlike previous in vivo experiments, does not harm the animal being screened. METHODS: RPLs were administered to FVB, BalbC, and @entity5 -bearing MRL/MpJ-fas( @entity1309 ) @entity19 in a variety of dosing formats. Tumor nodules were excised 10 min following infusion and phage were amplified from the specimens. Phage were reinjected into the same animal within 48 h. This process was repeated twice for a total of three in vivo screens of @entity19 @entity5 tissue within the same animal. @entity19 were observed for systemic side effects, histopathologic damage, and presence of phage in organs. Peptide sequences were determined from several third-pan phage clones. RESULTS: Overall there was minimal @entity137 from administration of single or repeat doses of RPLs. @entity535 consensus sequences were identified and some of the sequences were similar to those of peptide ligands that bind matrix metalloproteinases. CONCLUSIONS: Serial administration of an RPL is well tolerated and serial panning in individual @entity19 leading to consensus sequence motifs is possible. Based on these preclinical data the Food and Drug Administration has approved the implementation of @entity1 clinical trials with this technique.

title: Phage-displayed random peptide libraries in @entity19 : XXXX after serial panning.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['Amino acid']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Lesions below or involving the dentate line cannot be removed by standard forward-viewing endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). Data about retroflexion technique applied during EMR for low rectal laterally spreading @entity5 (LSTs) are quite limited. Therefore, we aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of retroflexion-assisted EMR (REMR) for the removal of large LSTs from the lower rectum. @entity1 AND METHODS: EMR employing a complete retroflexion technique was performed in 49 consecutive @entity1 (28 @entity1 , 21 @entity1 ; mean age 51.8  years) with low rectal LSTs that were considered unresectable by conventional forward-viewing EMR due to the narrow and poor endoscopic view. Colonoscopy follow-up data were collected after resection. RESULTS: The low rectal LSTs had a median size of 51  mm (range 30-85  mm). All the @entity5 were successfully resected in two sessions (median procedure time 57.4  min, range 29-126  min). Procedure-related early @entity548 occurred in 14 @entity1 , and delayed @entity548 occurred in four @entity1 . Serious complications such as perforation or anal dysfunction were not observed, and any procedure-related @entity548 was well controlled. The median follow-up period was 8.4  months (range 3-36  months). Nine @entity1 (nine out of 49, 18.4  %) experienced recurrence based on follow-up colonoscopy examinations, and the recurrent lesion was completely eradicated by additional endoscopic treatments. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first pilot study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of REMR for removal of low rectal LSTs. The short-term outcomes observed in this study indicate that REMR is a valuable method for the removal of low rectal LSTs. However, further studies evaluating the long-term efficacy and comparing REMR with other interventional therapies are needed.

title: Retroflexion-assisted endoscopic mucosal resection: a useful and safe method for removal of low rectal laterally spreading XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine the rehabilitation potential and the extent to which it is realized in a cohort of @entity1566 @entity1 using the @entity1566 -Ability Realization Measurement Index (SCI-ARMI) and to study the clinical factors that influence this realization. SETTING: Two spinal units in Italy. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 were assessed at the end of an in- @entity1 rehabilitation program using the Spinal Cord Independence Measure and the International Standards for Neurological Classification of @entity1566 . On the basis of these data and of the age and gender of the @entity1 , we calculated the SCI-ARMI score. Regression analyses were performed to study the relationship between clinical factors and the extent to which rehabilitation potential is realized. RESULTS: We examined the data for 306 @entity1 . Most @entity1 were discharged without having reached their rehabilitation potential, with an SCI-ARMI score <80%. SCI-ARMI scores at discharge were positively influenced by etiology and the lesion level and correlated negatively with lesion severity and the presence of complications during rehabilitation. CONCLUSION: The SCI-ARMI is an effective tool that can be used to measure the achievement of rehabilitation potential in SCI @entity1 and to identify groups of @entity1 who are at risk of not meeting their rehabilitative potential.Spinal Cord advance online publication, 15 September 2015; doi:10.1038/sc.2015.153.

title: Observational study of the effectiveness of @entity1566 rehabilitation using the XXXX -Ability Realization Measurement Index.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Cord Injury', 'spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['Spinal Cord Injury']


abstract: We report herein an extremely rare case of @entity3314 through the esophageal hiatus. In fact, according to our review of the literature, only eight other cases have been reported, most of which were misdiagnosed as @entity362 after being identified as an intrathoracic mass. We report herein the ninth case of @entity3314 through the esophageal hiatus. A 54-year-old @entity28 @entity1 was admitted to our hospital for investigation of a @entity764 . She was asymptomatic, and her physical examination and laboratory data were all within normal limits. Her chest X-ray demonstrated a large, sharply-defined mass, and a computed tomography scan of the thorax indicated a large mediastinal mass with fat density. A thoracotomy was performed under the diagnosis of a @entity362 which revealed an encapsulated fatty mass, 10x7.5x6 cm in size, that proved to be an omental @entity3976 through the esophageal hiatus. There was no @entity3976 of the stomach or intestines into the thorax. The esophageal hiatus was repaired after the omental mass and @entity547 had been resected. This case report serves to demonstrate that whenever a mass of fat density is recognized in the lower thorax, an omental @entity3976 should be borne in mind as a possible differential diagnosis.

title: XXXX through the esophageal hiatus: report of a case.

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['herniation']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinal lipoma']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest roentgenographic abnormality']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia sac']

entities_list: @entity3314 :: ('MESH:D015436', 'Disease') :: ['intrathoracic omental herniation']

answer: @entity3314 :: (MESH:D015436,Disease) :: ['Intrathoracic omental herniation']


abstract: Pancreatic beta-cell is responsible for insulin secretion in response to the availability of nutrients. @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is the result of pancreatic b-cell failure to supply sufficient amount of insulin accompanied with decreased sensitivity of the body tissues to respond to insulin. The insulin secretion apparatus of beta-cell is uniquely equipped with multiple metabolic and signaling steps that are under rigorous control. The metabolic machinery of beta-cell is designed to sense the fluctuations in blood @entity413 level and supply insulin accordingly to the needs of body. Besides @entity413 , @entity1522 including @entity1160 and @entity368 and also @entity1718 are known to either stimulate the beta-cell directly or potentiate the @entity413 stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) response. @entity413 metabolism dependent GSIS is linked with the production of @entity855 that is needed for K+ @entity855 channel inhibition and influx of @entity460 , necessary for insulin granule exocytosis. Besides @entity413 metabolism, @entity535 metabolism and lipid metabolism derived metabolites mediate the optimal @entity413 response of beta-cells to secrete insulin. Metabolites derived from nutrient secretagogues that directly or indirectly participate in the enhancement of GSIS are considered as metabolic coupling factors. In this review, we will discuss the regulation of insulin secretion by b-cell keeping the recent developments in metabolic signaling in focus. The relevant metabolic pathways in pancreatic beta-cell and their role in the control of fuel-stimulated insulin secretion will be reviewed to arrive at a consensus picture with respect to the metabolic signaling of insulin secretion.

title: Metabolic signaling of insulin secretion by pancreatic b-cell and its derangement in type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2D', 'Type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: AIM: Perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) can migrate into subretinal space in detached and stiffened retina with open holes during vitreoretinal surgery. An innovative 'soft shell' technique was introduced to reduce the complication using @entity31551 (HA) to 'cover' the retinal hole. This study aims to study the effectiveness of this technique in vitro. METHODS: Ex vivo porcine retina was mounted on a transwell insert. Beneath the retina was an aqueous solution. Two retinal holes were made using needle punctures. One of the two retinal holes was covered with HA. @entity40292 ( @entity22105 ) was added above the retina incrementally using a syringe pump. The height of @entity22105 required to cause the migration of @entity22105 through the retinal holes was measured. The 'pendant drop' method was carried out to measure the interfacial tensions between the @entity22105 and aqueous, and between @entity22105 and four different concentrations of HA solution. RESULTS: A statistically higher @entity22105 level was required to cause the migration of @entity22105 through the retinal hole with HA coating than without HA coating (Tobit regression with p<0.05). The use of HA was associated with 2.39-fold increase in hydrostatic pressure before the collapse of the @entity22105 interface at the retinal holes. The interfacial tension between @entity22105 and HA solution with concentrations of 0.05%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% were 54.2  0.6, 55.3  0.6, 59.5  1.5 and 68.3  1.3   mN/m, respectively (mean  SD). The interfacial tension between @entity22105 and aqueous with 1% HA coating (68.3  1.3   mN/m) was significantly higher than that without (37.4  3.4   mN/m) (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The interfacial tension between HA and @entity22105 is higher than that between aqueous and @entity22105 . This is a plausible physical explanation of how the 'soft shell' technique might work to prevent subretinal migration of PFCL.

title: In vitro experiment to elucidate the mechanism of the 'soft shell technique' for preventing subretinal migration of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity40292 :: ('MESH:C073608', 'Chemical') :: ['Perfluoro-n-octane']

answer: @entity40292 :: (MESH:C073608,Chemical) :: ['perfluoro-octane']


abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of the present study was to evaluate an ultrasonographic uterine scoring system as a method for the prognosis of @entity2085 in @entity1 submitted to ICSI. METHODS: A total of 562 @entity1 submitted to an ICSI program were prospectively evaluated on the day of hCG administration in terms of the following ultrasonographic uterine parameters: A. Endometrial thickness (< 7.0 mm = 0; 7 a 14 mm = 3; > 14 mm = ); B. Endometrial layering (three lines = 2; absence of three lines = 0); C. Myometrial contractions in 2 min (< 3 = 0; > or = 3 = 3); D. Uterine artery Doppler flow (> 3 = 0; 2.2 a 3 = 22; > or = 2 .19 = 3); E. Endometrial power Doppler (The endometrium was divided into four equal quadrants and classified as grade I = 1; II = 2; III = 3; IV = 4, according to the visualization of the power Doppler in the quadrants). The colour Doppler signal was considered to be positive when it reached at least the basal layer of the endometrium; F. Myometrial power Doppler (absent = 0 weakly present 2; strongly present = 3); G. Myometrial echogenicity (homogeneous = 2; inhomogeneous = 0). The @entity1 were divided into 4 groups according to total score: Group I, score < 10: Group II, score 10-14, Group III, score 15-17 and Group IV, score 18-20. RESULTS: The uterine parameters using an ultrasonographic scoring system are inversely correlated with @entity1 age (p < 0.0001). The number of days of stimulation with FSH did not differ (p = 0.10) between groups. The number of follicles measuring >16 mm was different (p = 0.01) between groups. The number of metaphase II oocytes also did not differ significantly between groups (p = 0.45). The fertilization rate was also similar (p = 0.10) for all groups. The number of transferred embryos was different between groups (p = 0.02). The rate of @entity2085 did not differ (p = 0.60) between groups. Finally, the pregnancy rates did not differ significantly (p = 0.93) between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The ultrasonographic evaluation of uterine parameters on the day of hCG administration using a scoring system is inversely correlated with @entity1 age. In the present study, the use of this ultrasonographic score method could not identify a population with greater uterine receptivity.

title: A uterine ultrasonographic scoring system as a method for the prognosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryo implantation']

answer: @entity2085 :: (MESH:D020964,Disease) :: ['embryo implantation']


abstract: CONTEXT: Although the high incidence of @entity354 ( @entity354 ) in the population, there is much controversy in this topic, especially in the surgical treatment. The decision to use of a total or partial fundoplication in the treatment of @entity354 is still a challenge to many surgeons because the few evidence found in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To bring more clear evidence in the comparison between total and partial fundoplication. DATA SOURCES: A systematic review of the literature and metaanalysis with randomized controlled trials accessed from MEDLINE, LILACS, Cochrane Controlled Trials Database was done. The outcomes remarked were: @entity1282 , inability to belch, bloating, recurrence of acid reflux, heartburn and @entity2910 . For data analysis the odds ratio was used with corresponding 95% confidence interval. Statistical heterogeneity in the results of the metaanalysis was assessed by calculating a test of heterogeneity. The software Review Manager 5 (Cochrane Collaboration) was utilized for the data gathered and the statistical analysis. Sensitive analysis was applied using only trials that included follow-up over 2 years. RESULTS: Ten trials were included with 1003 @entity1 : 502 to total fundoplication group and 501 to partial fundoplication group. The outcomes @entity1282 and inability to belch had statistical significant difference (P = 0.00001) in favor of partial fundoplication. There was not statistical difference in outcomes related with treatment failure. There were no heterogeneity in the outcomes @entity1282 and recurrence of the acid reflux. CONCLUSION: The partial fundoplication has lower incidence of obstructive side effects.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX : total or partial fundoplication? systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Gap junctions (GJs) are intercellular channels that aid communication between coupling cells and may play a critical role in cell differentiation and growth. Connexins (Cxs) are structural proteins of GJs. Though several reports have demonstrated that Cx expression decreases in various @entity5 , a @entity788 cell line, PANC-1, was reported to express @entity495 mRNA. It is known that irsogladine malate (IM) can up-regulate gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC). We examined the effects of IM on GJ between @entity788 cells (PC cells) and the mechanism of GJ up-regulation. METHODOLOGY: GJIC between PC cells (PANC-1) was evaluated by dye transfer methods. The expression of @entity495 was estimated by Western blot analysis with immunoprecipitation sample and immunohistochemical analysis. Intracellular cAMP level was estimated by enzyme-linked immunoassay. RESULTS: IM increased cell coupling in a dose-dependent manner (0M-10 ). Western blot analysis of @entity495 revealed that PANC-1 cells expressed @entity495 protein. Treatment with IM was found to move localization of @entity495 immunoreactive spots from the cytoplasm to boundary lesions with neighboring cells, but no major change was seen in the phosphorylation state of @entity495 . Intracellular cAMP level was increased by IM. The PKA inhibitor H-89 and adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ22536 inhibited the effects of IM. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that IM up-regulates GJIC between PC cells via regulation of the PKA pathway. It also suggests a useful adjuvant of IM to @entity788 therapy.

title: Irsogladine malate up-regulates gap junctional intercellular communication between XXXX cells via PKA pathway.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ki67 @entity894 ( @entity894 ) is used as a predictive marker and is associated with prognosis in @entity0 . However, standardised methodologies for measurement are lacking which has limited its application in clinical practice. In this study, we evaluated the interobserver concordance of visual assessment of Ki67 @entity894 in @entity0 . METHODS: Ki67- immunostained slides of 160 cases of primary @entity0 were visual assessed by five breast pathologists with two different methods to choose the scoring fields: (1) hot-spot score, (2) average score. Proportions of positive invasive @entity5 cells at 10 % intervals were scored. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the interobserver reproducibility. RESULTS: (1) A perfect concordance of Ki67 @entity894 was demonstrated according to both score methods (P<0.0001). Average score method (ICC, 0.904) demonstrated a better correlation than hot-spot score method (ICC, 0.894). (2) By respective means according to two score methods, all cases were classified into three groups ( <=10%, 11%-30% and >30% Ki-67 @entity894 ). The concordance was relatively low in intermediate Ki67 @entity894 group compared with low and high Ki67 @entity894 groups. (3) All cases were classified into three groups by paired-difference (d) between means of hot-spot score and average score (d<5, 5 <=d<10, d>= 10). The consistency was observed to decrease with increasing paired-difference according to both methods. CONCLUSIONS: Visual assessment of Ki67 @entity894 at 10 % intervals is a candidate for a standard method in @entity0 clinical practice. Average score and hot-spot score of visual assessment both demonstrated a perfect concordance, and an overall average assessment across the whole section including hot spots may be a better method. Interobserver concordance of intermediate Ki67 @entity894 in which most cutoffs are located for making clinical decisions was relatively low.

title: An interobserver reproducibility analysis of ki67 visual assessment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labeling index', 'LI']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conjugated @entity4722 (CLA) isomers have high health amelioration potential and hence it is of great interest to increase the CLA content in dairy products. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of administration of high CLA producing @entity8292 In-1 on @entity844 composition of milk and rumen fluid in lactating @entity1237 . Four groups (n = 5) of lactating @entity1237 were assigned the following treatments: Control (C) (basal diet); T1 (basal diet   +   @entity4722 source), T2 (basal diet   +   suspension of @entity8292 In-1, 10(9) CFU head(-1) ) and T3 (basal diet   +   @entity4722 source   +   suspension of @entity8292 In-1, 10(9) CFU head(-1) ). RESULTS: Rumen liquor and milk samples were collected on days 0, 15, 30, 60 and 90 of the experiment and linoleic isomerase enzyme (LA-I) activity and @entity844 profiles were elucidated. Major effects of treatments were seen on day 30 of the experiment. Total CLA content of rumen fluid increased (P < 0.05) by 218.72, 182.26 and 304% whereas total @entity10194 ( @entity10194 ) content was lowered (P < 0.05) by 6.1, 4.44 and 9.55% in T1, T2 and T3, respectively, as compared to control. @entity26416 in groups T2 and T3 increased (P < 0.05) by 66.67% and 105.7% as compared to control. In milk, total CLA increased by 2.03, 1.61 and 0.61 folds in T3, T2 and T1, respectively. Total @entity8981 and @entity5204 content increased (P < 0.05) in group T3 by 14.15 and 37.44%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Results of the present study indicated that administration of @entity8292 In-1 along with a @entity4722 (LA) source is a useful strategy to alter the biohydrogenation pattern in the rumen that subsequently decreased @entity10194 content while increased CLA and @entity1474 in ruminant's milk.    2015 Society of Chemical Industry.

title: Dietary supplementation of XXXX alters fatty acids of milk and rumen fluid in lactating @entity1237 .

entities_list: @entity5204 :: ('CHEBI:26208', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity8292 :: ('831', 'Species') :: ['B. fibrisolvens', 'Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity10194 :: ('CHEBI:26607', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acid', 'SFA']

entities_list: @entity8981 :: ('CHEBI:25413', 'Chemical') :: ['monounsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

entities_list: @entity26416 :: ('MESH:C050413', 'Chemical') :: ['Vaccenic acid']

answer: @entity8292 :: (831,Species) :: ['Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Study to Assess Long-term Opioid Medication Effectiveness (SALOME) is a two-stage phase III, single site (Vancouver, Canada), randomized, double blind controlled trial designed to test if @entity10748 is as effective as @entity4521 for the treatment of long-term illicit opioid injection. Recruiting @entity1 for clinical trials continues to be a challenge in medical and addiction research, with many studies not being able to reach the planned sample size in a timely manner. The aim of this study is to describe the recruitment strategies in SALOME, which offered appealing treatments but had limited clinic capacity and no guaranteed post-trial continuation of the treatments. METHODS: SALOME included chronic opioid-dependent, current illicit injection opioid users who had at least one previous episode of opioid maintenance treatment. Regulatory approvals were received in June 2011 and recruitment strategies were implemented over the next 5 months. Recruitment strategies included ongoing open communication with the community, a consistent and accessible team and @entity1 -centered screening. All applicants completed a pre-screening checklist to assess prerequisites. Applicants meeting these prerequisites were later contacted to commence the screening process. RESULTS: A total of 598 applications were received over the two-year recruitment period; 130 were received on the first day of recruitment. Of these applicants, 485 met prerequisites; however, many could not be found or were not reached before recruitment ended. For the 253 candidates who initiated the screening process, the average time lapse between application and screening date was 8.3 months (standard deviation [SD]   =   4.44) and for the 202 randomized to the study, the average processing time from initial screen to randomization was 25.9 days (SD   =   37.48; Median   =   15.0). CONCLUSIONS: As in prior trials offering injectable @entity4521 within a supervised model, recruiting @entity1 for this study took longer than planned. The recruitment challenges overcome in SALOME were due to the high number of applicants compared with the limited number that could be randomized and treated. Our study emphasizes the value of integrating these strategies into clinical addiction research to overcome study-specific barriers. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01447212.

title: The SALOME study: recruitment experiences in a clinical trial offering injectable @entity4521 and XXXX for opioid dependency.

entities_list: @entity4521 :: ('MESH:D003932', 'Chemical') :: ['diacetylmorphine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity10748 :: ('MESH:D004091', 'Chemical') :: ['hydromorphone']

answer: @entity10748 :: (MESH:D004091,Chemical) :: ['hydromorphone']


abstract: AIM: To examine the associations between @entity146 and @entity166 , @entity32 while adjusting for other risk factors. METHODS: We used data from PsyCoLaus, a large Swiss Population Cohort Study (n = 3720; age range 35-66). Lifetime diagnoses of @entity146 were grouped into the following categories: Neurodevelopmental, @entity148 (early and late onset), mood and substance disorders. They were regressed on @entity166 , @entity1097 and other @entity32 adjusting for sex, educational level, @entity1423 , childhood adversities and traumatic experiences in childhood. A multivariate logistic regression was applied to each group of disorders. In a complementary analysis interactions with sex were introduced via nested effects. RESULTS: Associations with @entity166 , @entity102 were observable together with consistent effects of childhood adversities and @entity1423 , and less consistent effects of @entity130 in each group of @entity146 . @entity883 were associated with @entity245 ( @entity1 ), and measles/mumps/ @entity281 with early and late @entity148 ( @entity1 ). Gastric @entity32 took effect in @entity1316 (both sexes) and in @entity74 ( @entity1 ). Similarly, @entity1744 was prominent in a sex-specific way in @entity1316 in @entity1 , and, moreover, was associated with early and late @entity148 . @entity66 were associated with late @entity148 . Acne (associations with @entity1316 in @entity1 ) and @entity1569 (associations with early @entity148 in @entity1 and @entity1316 in @entity1 ) contributed sex-specific results. @entity293 were associated with @entity1316 and, in addition, in a sex-specific way with late @entity148 ( @entity1 ), and neurodevelopmental and early @entity148 ( @entity1 ). CONCLUSION: Infectious, @entity32 are important risk factors for all groups of @entity146 . The sexual dimorphism of the associations is pronounced.

title: Infectious, @entity32 , childhood adversities and XXXX are independently associated with the risk for @entity146 : Results from a large Swiss epidemiological study.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['atopic, inflammatory diseases', 'inflammatory diseases', 'atopic and inflammatory diseases']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['Streptococcal infections']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Atopic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['familial aggregation']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['atopic and other chronic inflammatory diseases']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['rubella-infections']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['early disorders']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['familial aggregation']


abstract: The number of synapses in the cerebral cortex decreases with aging. However, how this structural change translates into the @entity73 observed in aged animals remains unknown. Aged animals are not a homogenous group with respect to their cognitive performances; but instead, they can be separated into aged cognitively unimpaired ("normal") and aged cognitively impaired groups using a spatial memory task such as the Morris water maze. These two aged groups provide an unprecedented opportunity to isolate synaptic properties that relate to @entity73 from unrelated factors associated with normal aging. Using such classification, we conducted whole-cell patch-clamp recordings to measure basal spontaneous miniature excitatory (mEPSCs) and inhibitory synaptic currents (mIPSCs) bombarding layer V pyramidal neurons in the parietal cortex. We found that the frequencies of both mEPSC and mIPSC were lower in aged normal @entity35 when compared with young @entity35 . In contrast, aged cognitively impaired @entity35 displayed a reduction in mEPSC frequency only. This results in an imbalance towards inhibition that may be an important substrate of the @entity73 in aged animals. We also found that pyramidal neurons in both aged normal and aged cognitively impaired @entity35 exhibit similar structural attritions. Thus, @entity73 may be more related to an altered balance between different neurotransmitter systems than a mere reduction in synaptic structures.

title: Imbalance towards inhibition as a substrate of aging-associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: We studied 15 consecutive @entity1 with acute @entity1269 due to @entity64 . There were 12 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 aged 45-78 years (mean, 61). @entity64 workup included brain imaging, carotid duplex, echocardiography, and blood tests. In nine @entity1 , the arm weakness was mainly distal, and in six it was equal distally and proximally. Tendon reflexes in the affected arm compared to the contralateral arm were symmetrical in 10, increased in 3, and decreased in 2 @entity1 . In 14 @entity1 , brain imaging showed a @entity64 in the middle cerebral artery branch territory superficially corresponding to the symptoms; and magnetic resonance imaging was negative in 1. Fourteen @entity64 were @entity63 , and 1 was @entity548 . Of the 14 @entity1 with @entity385 , 6 had > 50% ipsilateral extracranial @entity2791 , 4 had a serious source of @entity299 , and in 4 the cause of @entity64 was not identified. Our findings suggest that sudden @entity1269 should be considered a middle cerebral artery branch territory nonlacunar @entity64 . The etiologies of @entity64 causing pure @entity1269 are varied and include @entity2998 , @entity299 , and @entity1779 .

title: @entity64 causing pure XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke syndrome', 'strokes', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['brachial monoparesis']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['cartoid artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac embolism', 'cardiac emboli']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1269 :: (MESH:D010291,Disease) :: ['brachial monoparesis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity20293 ( @entity20293 ) after the spinal anesthesia is an unpleasant experience. The occurrence rate was 80 to 83 per cent from previous studies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence of @entity20293 , comparing between placing the lower limbs in the neutral position when analgesic level reach L1 dermatome (L1 group) and T6 dermatome (T6 group). METHODS: Ninety ASA physical status I-II @entity1 , 19-50 year of age, scheduled for lower abdominal surgery under spinal anesthesia were enrolled. Immediately after the spinal injection, the @entity1 were placed supine with one of lower limbs flexed (both hip and knee) and the other kept straight in the neutral position. The analgesic levels were checked every minute; the flexed limbs were turned to the neutral position when the analgesic level reached L1 and T6, the L1 group and the T6 group respectively. The images of the lower limbs and @entity1 ' satisfactions were evaluated 15 minutes after the blockage. RESULTS: Twenty per cent of the @entity1 in the L1 group experienced @entity20293 of the flexed limbs while 82.2 per cent of the @entity1 in the T6 group did (P<0.05). None of the @entity1 in the L1 group felt unsatisfied with @entity20293 , on the other hand, 11.1 per cent of the @entity1 in the T6 group expressed their dissatisfaction and would like to have their limbs extended. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that by placing the lower limbs in the neutral position immediately after the spinal injection, before the unwanted positions are memorized, could effectively minimize @entity20293 after spinal anesthesia.

title: XXXX after spinal anesthesia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity20293 :: ('MESH:D010591', 'Disease') :: ['PLS', 'phantom limb sensation', 'Phantom limb sensation']

answer: @entity20293 :: (MESH:D010591,Disease) :: ['Prevention of phantom sensations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The significance of the histological visualization of hemophagocytosis in tissues depends on the context, varying from a nonspecific phenomenon to a characteristic or diagnostic feature for certain disease entities. Hemophagocytosis is also one of the key features of @entity15835 ( @entity15835 ) ( @entity9058 ) a potentially life-threatening complication of underlying conditions such as infections, @entity5 , and @entity792 . Clinical manifestations of @entity15835 are high fever, @entity3043 , @entity409 , and @entity1003 . These clinical symptoms are due to an abnormal activation of the immune system in a strong association with the cytokine milieu. The diagnosis of @entity15835 may be easily missed; it is usually detected in the bone marrow, lymph node, liver, and spleen. Only few reports exist in the literature with histological description of cutaneous hemophagocytosis as a sign for @entity15835 in @entity1 with @entity706 . In this report, the authors present the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of 3 @entity1 with cutaneous hemophagocytosis, specifically erythrophagocytosis, associated with @entity792 , and discuss the relevance of these findings. OBSERVATION: The authors report 3 @entity1 who developed cutaneous hemophagocytosis during the course of an underlying @entity792 . One @entity1 suffered from @entity6017 , the other 2 @entity1 from @entity1252 , whereby one of them was a 3-month old @entity1 with @entity8314 . The @entity1 with @entity6017 developed @entity15835 according to the current diagnostic criteria. Although the 2 other @entity1 had an acute flare of their @entity792 with histological signs of cutaneous hemophagocytosis, they did not fulfill the complete criteria for a diagnosis of @entity15835 . Histiocyte proliferation and activation with increase of cytokines could be demonstrated by immunohistology. CONCLUSIONS: This report is the first to describe hemophagocytosis in cutaneous biopsies of @entity1 with @entity792 , associated with a @entity15835 . Key players in this process are histiocytes/macrophages engaged in phagocytosis of erythrocytes. Hemophagocytosis observed in skin biopsies may be a diagnostic clue for @entity15835 and an indicator for a potentially aggressive course of the underlying disease.

title: Hemophagocytosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma and infection']

entities_list: @entity9058 :: ('MESH:D051359', 'Disease') :: ['hemophagocytic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity15835 :: ('MESH:D055501', 'Disease') :: ['macrophage activation syndrome', 'MAS', 'complete or incomplete constellation of MAS']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity8314 :: ('MESH:C536397', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune disorders', 'autoimmune diseases', 'autoimmune disorder']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['Cutaneous Autoimmune Disease']


abstract: @entity409 has been demonstrated in many previous studies of experimental right ventricular pressure-overload @entity1184 ; however, given the complex changes that occur both in the cardiac muscle cell and in the multiple components of the cardiac interstitium, it is not clear whether the contractile dysfunction observed is an intrinsic property of the cardiac muscle cell or whether it is the result of a mechanically normal cardiac muscle cell contracting within an abnormal interstitial environment. The purpose of the present study was to examine the contractile behavior of cardiac muscle cells, or cardiocytes, isolated from seven cat right ventricles that were pressure-overloaded by banding the pulmonary artery; right ventricular cardiocytes from seven sham-operated @entity468 served as controls. Cardiocytes were obtained from these @entity468 via standard cell isolation procedures; contractile function of the cardiocytes in response to graded viscous external loads was defined by laser diffraction. The cells were stimulated to contract at a frequency of 0.25 Hz, using 100-microA direct current pulses of alternating polarity. @entity1184 right ventricular cardiocytes obtained from banded @entity468 showed marked @entity66 in comparison with right ventricular cardiocytes from sham-operated @entity468 . The peak velocity of sarcomere shortening for the control and hypertrophied cardiocytes in 1-cp superfusate was 3.6 +/- 0.2 and 2.1 +/- 0.1 microns/sec, respectively (p less than 0.001); the maximum extent of sarcomere shortening for the control and hypertrophied cardiocytes was 0.21 +/- 0.01 and 0.14 +/- 0.01 microns, respectively (p less than 0.001). Further, the time to peak shortening in the 1-cp superfusate was significantly longer for the hypertrophied cardiocytes (150.1 +/- 3.3 versus 160.4 +/- 3.7 msec; p less than 0.04). When the relengthening properties of the cells were examined in the 1-cp superfusate, there were significant differences between cardiocyte groups. The peak rate of sarcomere relengthening was 3.5 +/- 0.2 microns/sec in the control cardiocytes and 2.2 +/- 0.17 microns/sec in the hypertrophied cardiocytes (p less than 0.001). Similarly, the time to peak velocity of sarcomere relengthening (48.8 +/- 1.8 versus 57.9 +/- 2.9 msec) and the time to 50% maximal sarcomere relengthening (57.1 +/- 3.1 versus 67.1 +/- 3.1 msec) were both significantly prolonged for the hypertrophied cardiocytes (p less than 0.02). This study shows for the first time that the contractile defect in this model of right ventricular pressure-overload @entity1184 is intrinsic to the cardiac muscle cell itself. This finding provides a basis for further, more focused investigations designed to determine the mechanisms responsible for the contractile dysfunction observed in this form of experimental @entity1283 .

title: Cellular versus myocardial basis for the contractile dysfunction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['systolic contractile abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'Hypertrophied']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Contractile dysfunction']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophied myocardium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, from the @entity1 ' viewpoint, the prevalence, management, and impact of main @entity74 in France. DESIGN: Survey conducted from March 28 to May 6, 2002, with the Sofres Taylor Nelson Institute on 10,000 households using 1 questionnaire per household. SETTING: General community. @entity1 : A total of 25,441 subjects from 10,000 households determined to be representative of the French population and regularly surveyed by the Taylor Nelson Sofres Institute. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Estimation of the prevalence of @entity272 by the French population. RESULTS: Of the 10 000 households, 7466 (74.7%) returned the questionnaire, which was completed for 18,137 (71.3%) of the 25,441 subjects. Of those, 15,742 reported having had skin problems since birth, or, by extrapolation, 86.8% (47.29 million) of the French population; 7841 reported having had skin problems in the past 24 months, or, by extrapolation, 43.2% (23.53 million) of the French population; and 28.7% said that their skin problems impaired their daily life. However, 61% of the sample were satisfied with their dermatologist. CONCLUSION: This survey of perceived health status in France highlights both the prevalence of @entity272 and the underestimation of the effects of @entity74 in @entity283 . A majority of the French population is satisfied with the care supplied by dermatologists.

title: French @entity1 and XXXX : results of a survey using a representative sample.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['dermatologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['public health']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disorders']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution of spherical equivalent and ocular biometric parameters in a population of grade 7 @entity1 in central China. METHODS: 2 363 grade 7 students of junior high schools were randomly sampled. The students have been examined at baseline and followed up annually. Detailed questionnaires and most of the ocular examinations were performed. Spherical equivalent (Seq) was calculated as sphere +1/2 cylinder from cycloplegic autorefraction. @entity1714 was defined as spherical equivalent  <= -0.5D, @entity3467 as spherical equivalent >=  +0.5D and emmetropia between -0.5D and +0.5D. The Lensar LS900 was used to measure corneal curvatures, axial length and anterior chamber depth. Right eyes results were analyzed. RESULTS: Among 2 267 @entity1 who have the baseline examination, 1 839 @entity1 participated the follow up examination(response rate, 81.1%), with an mean age of 14.7 years (range, 12.9-17.6) and male ratio of 48.4%. The mean spherical equivalent refraction was (-2.62    2.19)D. The prevalence rates of @entity1714 , @entity1714 , emmetropia and @entity3467 were 82.7%, 7.1%, 9.8% and 7.5%. The cumulative incidence rates of @entity1714 and @entity1714 were 47.1% and 4.5% respectively. Axial length, anterior chamber depth, and corneal curvature were normally distributed. The mean axial length, anterior chamber depth, and corneal curvature were (24.8    1.1)mm, (3.18    0.25)mm, (42.8    1.4)D and (43.9    1.6)D respectively. Axial length was longer, anterior chamber depth was deeper, and corneal were flatter in the male(P = 0.000). Axial length and anterior chamber depth correlated negatively with refraction. CONCLUSIONS: A moderate myopic distribution of refraction was present in the grade 9 students in central China. The prevalence rates of @entity1714 and @entity1714 were relatively high in this 14-year-old population compared to other countries. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention of @entity1714 .

title: [Distribution of refraction and ocular biometric parameters in a population of junior middle school XXXX in Anyang of Henan province].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile myopia', 'high myopia', 'Myopia', 'myopia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of endoscopic optic nerve decompression for the treatment of @entity1 with nontraumatic @entity1781 . DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: Academic medical center. @entity1 : Ten optic nerve decompressions were performed on 7 @entity1 with nontraumatic @entity1781 caused by various pathologic entities, including @entity1653 , @entity2696 , @entity75 ( @entity82 and @entity1181 ), mucopyocele, and Graves orbitopathy. INTERVENTIONS: Endoscopic instrumentation was used in a transnasal fashion to decompress the optic nerve. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity and complication rates. RESULTS: Mean visual acuity improved from 20/300 preoperatively to 20/30 after surgery. Visual acuity improved by at least 2 lines on the Snellen chart following 7 of the 10 decompressions. Median operative time was 133 minutes, and median length of stay was less than 24 hours. Complications were limited to postoperative @entity2753 and @entity2687 , both of which resolved with conservative therapy. Mean follow-up time was 6.1 months. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic optic nerve decompression appears to be an effective treatment for restoring visual acuity in select @entity1 who present with @entity1781 .

title: Endoscopic optic nerve decompression for nontraumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['fibro-osseous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['compressive optic neuropathy', 'optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2696 :: ('MESH:D008202', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangioma']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal abrasions']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['optic neuropathy']


abstract: Respiratory distress due to @entity3885 produces a more or less dramatic syndrome depending on the cause of the obstruction and its evolution in time. Treatment should be immediate in order to avoid @entity204 or cerebral and cardiac sequelae. It consists, above all, of restoring the patency of the respiratory tract, the short-circuit obtained by intubation or tracheotomy should, in no case, leave any laryngeal sequelae. The authors present their personal series based on a study of @entity649 due to @entity3885 in the @entity1 . These observations were obtained from a large series of 480 cases of laryngeal dyspnea observed over the last 5 years on the E.N.T. unit of the Edouard Herriot Hospital in Lyons. They contrast a very small number of @entity7552 cases requiring intubation or tracheotomy to a very large number of cases of @entity7552 , even with @entity649 , which recovered with well designed medical treatment. Foreign bodies, of which they report eleven cases, all required emergency surgery. They emphasize the severity of this cause. As far as @entity1185 and @entity2695 are concerned, they require emergency treatment, either straightaway or after a trial of medical treatment.

title: [Treatment of @entity649 caused by XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity7552 :: ('MESH:D007827', 'Disease') :: ['sub-glottic laryngitis', 'subglottic laryngitis']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomas']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal obstruction']

answer: @entity3885 :: (MESH:D008173,Disease) :: ['laryngeal obstruction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A prospective cohort study evaluated the performance and acceptability of the cognitive based Mood Evaluation Questionnaire (MEQ) in assessing @entity308 over time in @entity1 with @entity5 . The @entity922 ( @entity922 ) and the single-item interview screening question were also administered. METHOD: Forty-five @entity5 @entity1 were followed monthly for up to six interviews (108 interviews in total). RESULTS: The MEQ and @entity922 had moderate agreement (weighted kappa 0.52 over all interviews). At first interview, 26 (58%) @entity1 were depressed using MEQ, seven (16%) of these severely. Attrition rates were high for subsequent interviews. The assessment process was considered positive by 92% @entity1 , and acceptable as a single and repeat measure. Positive responses to MEQ questions about worthlessness, @entity204 and self-harm were strong predictors of current depressed mood. CONCLUSION: The MEQ has potential as a useful alternative to @entity922 in assessing @entity308 in a palliative care population, and can be used by nonpsychiatric trained professionals. It is positively received by @entity1 and acceptable as a repeat measure. Most @entity1 appreciate being asked about their mood in depth, including questions around @entity204 and self harm.

title: @entity308 in @entity5 . Part 1. Assessing XXXX : the Mood Evaluation Questionnaire.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'structured clinical interview for DSM-III-R']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In critically ill @entity1 with colonization/ @entity281 of multidrug-resistant organisms, source control surgery is one of the major determinants of clinical success. In more complex cases, the use of different tools for @entity295 management may allow survival until complete source control. CASE PRESENTATION: A 42-year-old white @entity1 presented with traumatic @entity548 . Unstable pelvic fractures led to emergency stabilization surgery. @entity221 ensued with @entity294 , followed by @entity326 . Two weeks later, an abdominal computed tomography scan revealed suprapubic and ischiatic abscesses at surgical sites, as well as dilated bowel. Debridement of both surgical sites, performed with vacuum-assisted closure therapy, yielded isolates of @entity2893 and @entity3273 -resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibiotic treatment was de-escalated after 21 days; 4 days later fever, @entity491 , @entity551 and @entity810 relapsed. Blood purification techniques were started, for the removal of endotoxin and inflammatory mediators, with sequential hemodialysis. Clinical improvement ensued; @entity1503 yielded @entity5132 and multidrug-resistant @entity3064 ; panresistant carbapenemase-producing @entity3274 grew from wound swabs. In spite of shock reversal, our @entity1 remained febrile, with @entity294 . Control @entity1503 yielded @entity5132 , @entity3064 and @entity2893 -resistant @entity3274 . His @entity490 increased, paralleled by a right flank palpable mass. Colonoscopy revealed patchy serpiginous @entity1066 . At exploratory laparotomy, an inflammatory post-traumatic @entity6437 of his right colon was removed. Blood cultures turned negative after surgery. @entity326 , however, relapsed 4 days later. A blood purification cycle was repeated and combination antimicrobial therapy continued. @entity6081 and @entity1503 were persistently positive for @entity2893 -resistant @entity3274 . Removal of pelvic synthesis media was therefore anticipated. Three weeks later, clinical, microbiological, and biochemical evidence of @entity281 resolved. CONCLUSIONS: High quality intensive assistance for @entity295 episodes needs a clear plan of cure, aimed to complete @entity281 source control, in a complex multidisciplinary interplay of specialists and intensive care physicians.

title: Recurring @entity326 in a XXXX with blunt abdominal and pelvic trauma: how mandatory is source control surgery?: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3273 :: ('MESH:D003091', 'Chemical') :: ['colistin']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical wounds']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['Septic shock', 'septic shock']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood cultures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity3274 :: ('573', 'Species') :: ['Klebsiella pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We assessed epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory features of @entity5827 during one season of multiserotype @entity693 in East Germany in 70 consecutive @entity1 with @entity5827 admitted to the @entity1 's University Hospital Leipzig. RESULTS: @entity1 , age 1 to 16 years, typically presented with @entity10 , @entity391 and fever, whereas signs of meningeal irritation were only moderately expressed in one-half of the @entity1 . The median number of leukocytes in the CSF was 151 cells/mm(3) (range, 2 to 1,820) with a high percentage of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). Initial blood counts showed mild @entity491 and pronounced PMN predominance (78.9 +/- 1.3%). The percentage of PMNs in the peripheral blood decreased in favor of mononuclear cells after 3 days to a pattern more compatible with @entity1800 as opposed to that suggestive for bacteria in the beginning. Mean cerebrospinal fluid values of protein, @entity413 and @entity880 and the @entity1851 were mildly elevated or normal. Nonpolio enteroviruses were detected in 30 of 70 @entity1 . Subsequent serotyping revealed echovirus type 13 (13 @entity1 ), type 6 (2), type 30 (1) and coxsackie @entity22421 type 5 (2). There were no differences in demographic or clinical data between enterovirus positive and negative @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Even though individual laboratory values do not solely allow discrimination between viral and @entity4008 , the combined epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory data facilitate the diagnosis of @entity5827 in most cases. Viral diagnostics, identifying echovirus type 13 that thus far has not been associated with epidemics of @entity693 , adds important epidemiologic information.

title: A season of XXXX in Germany: epidemiologic, clinical and diagnostic aspects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity5827 :: ('MESH:D008582', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['enteroviral meningitis', 'meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity5827 :: (MESH:D008582,Disease) :: ['aseptic meningitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of @entity7271 complicated by @entity358 due to Ochroconis gallopava, the first such case in China. METHODS: A male @entity7271 @entity1 with pulmonary symptoms, aged 68, received a needle biopsy under CT scan. The materials obtained from the lung cavity were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar in four test tubes. RESULTS: Fungal colonies of the same characteristics grew on the slant of the 4 test tubes 3 days after culture. The colonies were brown-green with a downy surface. Diffuse red-brown pigment was seen in the reverse side of the culture medium. Microscopy revealed septate and clavate mycelia and two-celled conidia with the apical cell being wider than the basal cell. The fungus was identified as Ochroconis gallopava by Dr A.A. Padhye (CDC). @entity2379 liposome was given at hte dose of 50 approximately 75 approximately 100 mg/d for more than one month Then @entity2059 was given for about one year. The cavity in the lung became smaller in diameter and the symptoms were ameliorated soon after pharmacotherapy. Examination about one year later showed @entity82 . CONCLUSION: Case of @entity12457 caused by Ochroconis gallopava has been reported for the first time in China. @entity2379 liposome has good effect on @entity281 .

title: [Pemphigus @entity1 with XXXX caused by Ochroconis gallopava: the first case report in China].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity12457 :: ('MESH:D008172', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['Amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['pemphigus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection of Ochroconis gallopava']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity12457 :: (MESH:D008172,Disease) :: ['pulmonary fungal infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A benign diagnosis in a core needle biopsy (CNBx) of the breast performed for a clinically and/or radiologically suspicious abnormality is often due to a nonrepresentative sample. However, the discordance may not be recognized, resulting in a logistic delay in the diagnosis. METHODS: Twenty-seven false-negative CNBxs were identified in 952 consecutive CNBxs of the breast (653 benign, 266 malignant, and 33 atypical) performed during a 1-year period. Biopsies were analyzed with respect to clinical and radiologic findings, biopsy type, type of @entity5 , and interval between the original CNBx and final diagnosis. Four hundred thirty-eight (67%) of the @entity1 with a benign CNBx diagnosis either underwent excision or had a minimum of 1-year follow-up (mean, 35.6 months; median, 36 months). RESULTS: The @entity5 missed on CNBx included 6 @entity513 in situ, 17 invasive @entity513 , 3 invasive @entity1137 , and 1 @entity1893 . The overall false-negative rate was 9.1%. For palpable lesions, ultrasound-guided CNBx had a lower rate of missed @entity5 (3.6%) compared with CNBx without image guidance (13.3%). The false-negative rate for vacuum assisted CNBx biopsy was 7.6% (3.3% for the 11-gauge needle, 22.2% for the 14-gauge needle; 5.6% for nonpalpable mass lesions, 8.2% for microcalcifications). In all seven false-negative CNBxs performed by radiologists, the discordance between the radiologic and pathologic findings was promptly recognized due to their standard follow-up protocol. The discordance between the degree of clinical suspicion, radiologic impression, and the pathologic findings was not immediately recognized in 5 of 20 false-negative CNBxs performed by surgeons (4 without radiologic guidance and 1 with ultrasound guidance), resulting in a delay in the diagnosis ranging from 112-336 days. CONCLUSIONS: A false-negative diagnosis of @entity0 was found to be more common in CNBx performed without image guidance but occurred to a lesser degree in image-guided biopsies. A delay in diagnosis can be avoided by establishing a standard post-CNBx follow-up protocol.

title: False-negative core needle biopsies of the breast: an analysis of clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings in 27 concecutive cases of missed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['lobular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Even though umbilical cord arteries are a common source of vascular smooth muscle cells, the lack of reliable marker profiles have not facilitated the isolation of @entity1 umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (HUASMC). For accurate characterization of HUASMC and cells in their environment, the expression of smooth muscle and mesenchymal markers was analyzed in umbilical cord tissue sections. The resulting marker profile was then used to evaluate the quality of HUASMC isolation and culture methods. HUASMC and perivascular-Wharton's jelly stromal cells (pv-WJSC) showed positive staining for @entity1970 ( @entity1970 ), @entity5400 ( @entity5400 ), @entity2283 , @entity2277 and @entity5399 . Anti- @entity2282 stained only pv-WJSC. Consequently, HUASMC could be characterized as @entity1970 +  , @entity5400  , @entity2282 - cells, which are additionally negative for endothelial markers ( @entity2279 and @entity2280 ). Enzymatic isolation provided primary HUASMC batches with 90-99  % purity, yet, under standard culture conditions, contaminant @entity2282 +  cells rapidly constituted more than 80  % of the total cell population. Contamination was mainly due to the poor adhesion of HUASMC to cell culture plates, regardless of the different protein coatings (fibronectin, collagen I or gelatin). HUASMC showed strong attachment and long-term viability only in 3D matrices. The explant isolation method achieved cultures with only 13-40  % purity with considerable contamination by @entity2282 +  cells. @entity2282 +  cells showed spindle-like morphology and up-regulated expression of @entity1970 and @entity5400 upon culture in smooth muscle differentiation medium. Considering the high contamination risk of HUASMC cultures by @entity2282 +  neighboring cells and their phenotypic similarities, precise characterization is mandatory to avoid misleading results.

title: Marker profile for the evaluation of XXXX umbilical artery smooth muscle cell quality obtained by different isolation and culture methods.

entities_list: @entity1970 :: ('58', 'Gene') :: ['a-SMA', 'a-smooth muscle actin']

entities_list: @entity5400 :: ('4629', 'Gene') :: ['SM-MHC', 'SM-MHC+', 'smooth muscle myosin heavy chain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Morphology and cytochemistry are the foundation for classification of @entity1778 in @entity235 and @entity468 . Advances in automated hematology instrumentation, immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, and molecular biology are significantly improving our ability to recognize and classify spontaneous myeloproliferative and @entity1071 . OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of flow cytometry-based light scatter patterns provided by the Cell-Dyn 3500 (CD3500) automated hematology analyzer to predict the lineage of leukemic cells in peripheral blood of @entity235 and @entity468 . METHODS: Leukemic cells from 15 @entity235 and 6 @entity468 were provisionally classified using an algorithm based on the CD3500 CBC output data and were subsequently phenotyped by enzyme cytochemistry, immunocytochemistry, indirect flow cytometry, and analysis of antigen receptor gene rearrangement. RESULTS: The algorithm led to correct predictions regarding the ontogeny of the leukemic cells (erythroid/megakaryocytic potential, @entity2800 , @entity1778 , chronic @entity2800 , @entity706 ) in 19/21 animals. Mismatches in the WBC impedance count and the WBC optical count in conjunction with microscopic assessment of blasts in the blood were useful for predicting @entity6961 with erythroid or megakaryocytic potential. The leukocyte light scatter patterns enabled distinction among @entity2800 (represented by @entity6040 , @entity9020 , chronic @entity2800 ) and @entity2214 (including acute and @entity1072 ). One case of @entity981 was misidentified as @entity1072 . CONCLUSIONS: Algorithmic analyses can be applied to data generated by the CD3500 to predict the ontogeny of leukemic cells in the peripheral blood of @entity235 and @entity468 . This rapid and quantitative technique may be used to improve diagnostic decisions, expand therapeutic choices, and increase prognostic accuracy.

title: Use of the Cell-Dyn 3500 to predict leukemic cell lineage in peripheral blood of XXXX and @entity468 .

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic leukemias']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity9020 :: ('MESH:D007948', 'Disease') :: ['acute monocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemias', 'myeloid leukemia', 'granulocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemias', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['monocytic leukemia', 'leukemias']

entities_list: @entity6040 :: ('MESH:D015479', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelomonocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity6961 :: ('MESH:D009196', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disorders']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Excess glucocorticoid exposure on the fetal brain during critical stages of development has considerable effects on the development of the central nervous system. This study thus aimed to evaluate the differential effects of glucocorticoid exposure on critical growth factor levels during different stages of brain maturation. METHODS: For this purpose, forty-two @entity35 pups were divided into six groups based on the timing of @entity5935 administration. @entity35 in the treatment groups were exposed to intraperitoneal @entity5935 injections beginning at different time points (postnatal days 1, 2, and 3). @entity35 in the placebo group received the same volume of 0.9% saline via the same fashion. Pups were sacrificed at 24   hours following the final injection for determining the neuronal density and immunohistochemical evaluation of critical growth factors. RESULT: In the groups treated with @entity5935 on postnatal day 1 (P1) and P2, which correspond to 22-24 and 24-28 gestational weeks in @entity1 , the neuronal count in the hippocampal regions was significantly lower than their control groups. However, if @entity479 therapy was administered on P3, corresponding to 28-32 weeks in @entity1 , no difference was observed between the two groups. Growth factors were affected in different ways depending on the @entity479 administration time and evaluated region. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the modulating effect of @entity230 on neuron count and growth factor response depends on the stage of brain development at the time of exposure. Therefore, this may be one of the key determinants affecting the deleterious and beneficial effects of glucocorticoids on the central nervous system.

title: THE EFFECTS OF PERINATAL XXXX THERAPY ON GROWTH FACTOR LEVELS DURING DIFFERENT STAGES OF THE DEVELOPING BRAIN.

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone']

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['STEROID']


abstract: @entity1031 ( @entity1031 ) is increasingly recognized as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in tertiary pediatrics. @entity1 younger than 1 year of age and teenage @entity1 are at greatest risk of @entity1031 . Although anticoagulation therapy is the treatment of choice for @entity1031 , the treatment strategy is often difficult, especially in @entity1 . Treatment relies largely on anticoagulation with heparin and @entity1229 . Recommendations for antithrombotic therapy in @entity1 have been loosely extrapolated from recommendations for adults; however, it is likely that optimal treatment of @entity1 with @entity1031 differs from adults because of important ontogenic features of hemostasis that affect both the pathophysiology of the @entity715 processes and the response to antithrombotic agents. Until recently, the primary treatment for @entity1031 has been unfractionated heparin (UFH) in conjunction with @entity1229 . @entity1229 , the most commonly used oral anticoagulant, acts through inhibition of the @entity2067 -dependent transcarboxylation reactions that convert precursors of clotting factors into their active form. Appropriate use of UFH and @entity1229 requires close @entity1 monitoring and dosage adjustments to ensure tolerability and efficacy. In recent years, low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) have become available as alternatives to UFH and @entity1229 , for both the prevention and treatment of @entity1031 . Potentially, LMWH have significant advantages. They have superior pharmacokinetics, which results in minimal laboratory monitoring, offering important benefits to @entity1 with poor venous access. Based on available data, LMWHs are at least as effective and well tolerated as UFH, and are more convenient. Although LMWHs are more expensive than UFH, the expense is likely to be offset by savings from a reduced hospital stay.

title: Anticoagulation therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'Thromboembolic disease', 'TED']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']