abstract: Expression and secretion of the beta subunit of @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) by @entity150 cell lines were investigated in vitro and in vivo. As an in vitro study, immunoreactive @entity7807 (IR- @entity7807 ) secreted into the culture media of two bladder transitional cell lines (KoTCC-1 and HT-1197) was analyzed using three kinds of enzyme immunoassays which were specific for intact hCG, free @entity7807 , and beta core fragment (beta-CF). Both of the cell lines were determined to secrete IR- @entity7807 into the media, which consisted principally of free @entity7807 , but detectable levels of intact hCG and beta-CF were not present in the media. Northern blot analysis revealed that the @entity7807 gene was expressed in both KoTCC-1 and HT-1197 cells where the sizes of mRNA from these cells were smaller than those from placental and NJG @entity1466 cells. As an in vivo study, distribution of IR- @entity7807 was analyzed in the @entity5 tissues, sera, and urine of the @entity19 and the @entity35 transplanted with KoTCC-1 cells. By the immunohistochemical study, the IR- @entity7807 was clearly observed in transitional cell @entity189 cells of the transplanted @entity5 . High levels of IR- @entity7807 were detected in both the serum and urine from the animals, but there were quantitative and qualitative differences between serum and urinary IR- @entity7807 . Quantitatively, the concentrations of IR- @entity7807 in the urine were consistently much higher than those in the serum. Qualitatively, free @entity7807 was exclusively detected in the serum whereas high levels of beta-CF in addition to free @entity7807 were found in the urine. Intact hCG could not be detected in the serum and urine. These distributions of IR- @entity7807 in the animals transplanted with KoTCC-1 cells were completely analogous to those in a @entity1 with @entity7807 -producing @entity150 . The present study shows that the same metabolic pathway of IR- @entity7807 is operating in @entity19 and @entity35 as in @entity1 , indicating that IR- @entity7807 found in @entity1 with @entity150 originates from the @entity5 and it may be recognized as a @entity5 marker when beta-CF is measured in the @entity1 's urine.

title: Expression and secretion of the beta subunit of XXXX chorionic gonadotropin by @entity150 in vivo and in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the etiology of and clinicopathologic findings associated with meningioangiomatosis and to evaluate @entity1758 immunoreactivity (marker of cell proliferation) in this lesion. DESIGN: Retrospective surgical pathology series of three @entity1 . SETTING: Tertiary referral center with a high volume of @entity302 surgery. @entity1 : Individuals with meningioangiomatosis who underwent surgical resection of the lesion. RESULTS: Three @entity1 aged 11, 14, and 32 years (two females, one male) comprise the study. All @entity1 presented with a history of intractable @entity410 (2, 3, and 30 years duration). None of the @entity1 had @entity1264 . All three @entity1 underwent gross total resection of the lesion, and postoperative @entity410 -free intervals range from 7 to 15 months. Histologically, the lesion is characterized by a proliferation of blood vessels and meningothelial cells arranged around vessels in the meninges, cortex, and underlying white matter. @entity3986 and gliosis of the intervening parenchyma was observed in all three cases. Bodian stains failed to demonstrate @entity3072 within intervening parenchymal neurons. Focal epithelial membrane antigen positivity was observed in two lesions and was absent in one. @entity1758 staining was observed in two lesions ( @entity1758 index = 0.8 and 0.6) within the meningothelial cell nuclei and was absent in one case. CONCLUSIONS: Meningioangiomatosis is a rare @entity66 of the central nervous system characterized by a proliferation of vessels and perivascular cuffs of meningothelial cells. Absent @entity1758 immunoreactivity or low @entity1758 indices in the lesion support the clinical impression of a slow-growing lesion and further support a malformative or @entity7881 etiology.

title: Meningioangiomatosis. A clinicopathologic study including XXXX immunoreactivity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['malformative or hamartomatous lesion']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['Psammoma body formation or dystrophic mineralization']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary tangles']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ["von Recklinghausen's disease"]

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity7881 :: ('MESH:C563621', 'Disease') :: ['hamartomatous']

answer: @entity1758 :: (57534,Gene) :: ['MIB1']


abstract: The nervous system is affected in 10% of @entity1 with @entity370 . However, @entity16 are rarely the first manifestation of the disease. We report a 36-year-old @entity1 presenting with partial @entity410 that generalized secondarily. Magnetic resonance showed a left parietal @entity75 with a minimal mass effect, moderate vasogenic @entity4 and intense enhancement with intravenous contrast. A magnetic resonance spectroscopy disclosed a @entity146 profile, compatible with an inflammatory lesion. Angiotensin converting enzyme levels were normal. The lesion was excised and the pathological study showed the presence of @entity738 with dubious @entity39 . The @entity1 was treated with antituberculous drugs. One year later, the lesion had grown and a thorax CT scan showed numerous mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathies. A new determination of angiotensin converting enzyme disclosed elevated levels and the biopsy of mediastinal lymph nodes confirmed the presence of @entity370 .

title: [Sarcoidosis presenting as partial XXXX . Report of one case].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['low aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cortical-subcortical lesion']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disturbances']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: OBJECT: Endoscopy is a useful technique for obtaining biopsy samples of @entity2504 , and it offers the advantage of simultaneous treatment of obstructive @entity1276 through endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). Figures in the literature on the diagnostic yield of endoscopic biopsy, its complication rate, and the success rate of ETV in this context vary significantly. The authors performed a retrospective analysis of biopsy accuracy, complication rate, and success rate of ETV in a series of 31 endoscopic biopsy procedures. METHODS: All data regarding tissue and cerebrospinal fluid sampling, endoscopy-related complications, procedures performed for @entity1276 treatment, tissue diagnosis, and further management were reviewed. The accuracy of the biopsy findings was graded on a four-level scale: Level I, fully diagnostic; Level II, diagnostic with some reservation; Level III, pathological categorization problematic; and Level IV, not interpretable. Failure of ETV was defined as the need for any further operation for the treatment of @entity1276 . Tissue diagnosis was graded as Level I or II in 23 cases. One Level I diagnosis differed from the diagnosis made following craniotomy. During the study period one @entity1 underwent endoscopy without biopsy because the @entity5 could not be visualized. Consequently, the percentage of successful biopsies was 69% (22 of 32 endoscopic procedures). Complications occurred in six cases (19%), of which two (6%) were significant. Three @entity1 (10%) suffered @entity548 . When combined with biopsy, the ETV procedure was successful in nine (64%) of 14 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic biopsy of @entity2504 is a useful technique for establishing a tissue diagnosis and is associated with an acceptable complication rate. The biopsy does not affect the success rate of simultaneous ETV.

title: Endoscopic biopsy for XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2504 :: ('MESH:D002551', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic complications']

answer: @entity2504 :: (MESH:D002551,Disease) :: ['intraventricular tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity101 , a risk factor for @entity65 , and @entity28 are becoming a health problem in many developed and developing countries, as Brazil. Although @entity101 and @entity28 are both closely associated, there is no universal anthropometric marker of this association. This is probably due to distinct population characteristics, and in the case of Brazil, the highly heterogeneous population. We evaluated which anthropometric measurement most closely relates to @entity101 in a sample of Brazilian factory workers. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was designed. In this study, multiple logistic regression and receiver operating characteristics analysis were performed in order to obtain the precise relevance of each anthropometric measurement as a blood pressure marker. Nine hundred and thirteen @entity1 , 36 +/- 8 years-old, were submitted to a standardized questionnaire of demographic and risk factors knowledge, anthropometric and conventional blood pressure measurements were taken, and blood sample evaluations of @entity413 , total @entity165 , LDL- @entity165 , and @entity1674 were performed. RESULTS: Overweightness or @entity28 was identified in 64, 11.1% were smokers and @entity101 was detected in 29.2% of the @entity1 . A linear correlation was significant (P < 0.001) between both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and all anthropometric measurements, except for the systolic blood pressure and waist-to-hip ratio. Waist circumference (WC) was the only independent anthropometric measurement related to @entity101 . @entity101 @entity1 presented all anthropometric measurements larger than normotensives. CONCLUSIONS: Age and WC were the only independent predictors of @entity101 , indicating that this simple measurement may be useful as a marker of @entity101 in the Brazilian male, younger adult population.

title: Relationship between blood pressure and anthropometry in a cohort of Brazilian XXXX : a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure', 'Hypertensive', 'hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The growing trend for @entity1 to postpone childbearing has resulted in a dramatic increase in the incidence of trisomic pregnancies. Maternal age-related @entity2208 and @entity600 are predominantly a consequence of chromosome segregation errors during the first @entity1467 ( @entity1467 ), which involves the segregation of replicated recombined homologous chromosomes. Despite the importance to @entity1 reproductive health, the events precipitating female age-related meiotic errors are poorly understood. RESULTS: Here we use a long-lived wild-type @entity19 to show that the ability to segregate chromosomes synchronously during anaphase of @entity1467 declines dramatically during female aging. This is preceded by depletion of chromosome-associated cohesin in association with destabilization of chiasmata, the physical linkages between homologous chromosomes, and loss of the tight association between sister centromeres. Loss of cohesin is not due to an age-related decline in the ability of the spindle checkpoint to delay @entity21248 -mediated cleavage of cohesin until entry into anaphase I. However, we find that reduced cohesin is accompanied by depletion of @entity21249 , which protects centromeric cohesin during @entity1467 . CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that cohesin declines gradually during the long prophase arrest that precedes @entity1467 in female mammals. In aged oocytes, cohesin levels fall below the level required to stabilize chiasmata and to hold sister centromeres tightly together, leading to chromosome missegregation during @entity1467 . Cohesin loss may be amplified by a concomitant decline in the levels of the centromeric cohesin protector @entity21249 . These findings indicate that cohesin is a key molecular link between female aging and chromosome missegregation during @entity1467 .

title: Age-related meiotic segregation errors in XXXX oocytes are preceded by depletion of cohesin and @entity21249 .

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse strain']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defects']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'meiotic division']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: @entity189 ( @entity189 ) cells provide a useful model system for studying the roles of growth factors during early @entity1 development. In 1988, we determined that @entity189 cells express a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family that cannot be detected after @entity189 cells undergo differentiation. Attempts to understand how differentiation regulates the production of FGFs led to the finding that @entity189 cells express the fibroblast growth factor @entity11175 ( @entity11175 ), whereas there is a large decrease in the steady state levels of @entity11175 mRNA when @entity189 cells differentiate. This suggested that transcription of the @entity11175 gene is repressed when @entity189 cells differentiate. To investigate this possibility, we prepared a series of reporter gene constructs containing various regions of the @entity19 @entity11175 gene. These constructs were transfected into two @entity19 @entity189 cell lines and one @entity19 embryonic stem (ES) cell line. We determined that the @entity19 5' flanking region cannot support expression of the reporter gene. In both @entity189 and ES cell lines, expression of the reporter gene is elevated greatly by the addition of a 316 bp region from the third exon of the @entity19 @entity11175 gene. Sequence analysis of the 316 bp region identified one and possibly two conserved octamer binding motifs. These sequences are likely to be involved in regulation of the @entity11175 gene, because differentiation of @entity189 cells is known to reduce the expression of octamer binding proteins, including @entity11824 . To test the possible role of octamer binding proteins, we examined the expression of our reporter gene constructs in F9-differentiated cells and in @entity19 cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Transcriptional regulation of the XXXX @entity11175 gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['EC', 'Embryonal carcinoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Identification of prognostic biomarkers is timely for @entity320 as clinicians seek ways to stratify @entity1 for molecular therapy. MicroRNAs are promising as tissue biomarkers because they can be assayed directly from @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded clinical samples. We previously reported that @entity10017 ( @entity10017 ) was strongly expressed in @entity320 relative to naevi and now sought to further assess the significance of this by assessing its relationship with its putative target, @entity983 . Clinical @entity320 samples were analysed by immunohistochemical analysis for @entity983 , stem-loop qRT-PCR for @entity10017 and PCR for @entity817 / @entity8497 mutation status. Cell lines were investigated for the effect of anti- @entity10017 on @entity983 . A total of 81 clinical @entity5 samples were investigated, with uniformly high @entity983 expression in the nucleus and cytoplasm of naevi and with preferential loss of @entity983 expression in the nucleus of @entity320 cells. @entity10017 expression was inversely associated with nuclear @entity983 expression but not with cytoplasmic @entity983 expression. An anti- @entity10017 preferentially altered nuclear @entity983 in @entity320 cell lines. The presence of a @entity817 or @entity8497 mutation had no significant effect on @entity10017 expression. These data suggest @entity10017 may exert an oncogenic effect in @entity320 by favouring redistribution of @entity983 to the nucleus.

title: @entity10017 expression and its pathogenetic significance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic tumour']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['cutaneous melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity158 is one of the common symptoms in @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ), with a prevalence of approximately 40-85%. These symptoms affect the quality of life of @entity191 @entity1 . We evaluated the effect of @entity602 ( @entity602 ) to @entity1118 and motor symptoms of @entity191 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three @entity191 @entity1 were treated with @entity602 to relieve their persistent and intractable @entity158 . One @entity1 had @entity11252 and the other two had @entity2649 . All @entity1 had a stooped posture and @entity158 that was resistant to analgesics. We evaluated motor symptoms using Hoehn and Yahr scale and the Unified @entity191 Rating Scale (UPDRS), and evaluated @entity158 using visual analog scale and @entity158 index, before and after @entity602 . RESULTS: After @entity602 insertion, @entity1118 in the @entity1 decreased in both the lower back and limbs. Moreover, @entity602 ameliorated the symptoms of @entity191 . One-year follow-up after @entity602 showed that UPDRS part III scores, @entity2003 , and @entity400 were improved without large alterations in @entity3034 dosage. @entity303 and activities of daily living did not improve after @entity602 . DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that @entity602 may be a treatment option for both motor symptoms and @entity1118 in @entity191 , especially in cases complicated with @entity2649 or disc herniation. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of @entity602 in @entity191 @entity1 .

title: Beneficial Therapeutic Effects of Spinal Cord Stimulation in Advanced Cases of XXXX With Intractable @entity1118 : A Case Series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3034 :: ('MESH:D007980', 'Chemical') :: ['levodopa']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar canal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord stimulation', 'SCS']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's Disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'widespread pain']

entities_list: @entity11252 :: ('MESH:D055111', 'Disease') :: ['failed back surgery syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']


abstract: @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) may be a physiological finding and may also be associated with different disease entities and hence, with different outcomes. Regional myocardial function can be assessed with color Doppler tissue imaging, specifically by the waveform of the isovolumic contraction (IC) period and the regional systolic wave ("s"). METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied five groups (G): healthy, sedentary young volunteers (G1, n:10); healthy sedentary adult volunteers (G2, n:8); and subjects with @entity4346 (left ventricular mass index >125 g/m(2)) including: high performance athletes (G3, n:21), subjects with @entity101 (G4, n:21), subjects with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) (G5, n:18). We measured peak "s" wave velocity (cm/sec) at the basal and mid septum, the IC/s ratio, and basal to mid-septal velocity difference (BMVD) of the "s" wave. Regional "s" wave values (cm/sec) were G1 = 5.6 +/- 1; G2 = 5.4 +/- 0.8; G3 = 5.7 +/- 0.6; G4 = 5.3 +/- 1.1; G5 = 4.2 +/- 1.1 (P < 0.0001). The IC/s ratio was G1 = 0.28 +/- 0.18; G2 = 0.39 +/- 0.21; G3 = 0.23 +/- 0.10; G4 = 0.42 +/- 0.15; G5 = 0.64 +/- 0.15 (P < 0.0001). The BMVD (cm/sec) was G1 = 2 +/- 0.51; G2 = 1.71 +/- 0.29; G3 = 1.78 +/- 0.44; G4 = 1.26 +/- 0.96; G5 = 0.45 +/- 0.4 (P < 0.0001). IC/s < 0.38 discriminated physiological from pathological forms of @entity1184 (sensitivity 90%; specificity 88%). Peak "s" wave velocity discriminated @entity1121 from other causes of @entity1184 , with a cutoff value of 4.46 cm/sec (sensitivity 72%; specificity 90%). BMVD <0.98 cm/sec detected @entity1121 with 89% sensitivity and 86% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Peak "s" wave velocity and two indices: IC/s and BMDV are novel parameters that may allow to discriminate physiological from pathological forms of @entity1184 as well as different subtypes of @entity1184 .

title: Clinical value of the tissue Doppler s wave to characterize XXXX as defined by echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity4346 :: (MESH:D017379,Disease) :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low- @entity1735 diets are frequently used as part of weight-loss programs. These are typically associated with increased fat intake. Therefore, @entity165 absorption inhibition is a logical therapeutic strategy to lower low-density lipoprotein @entity165 ( @entity11429 ) in subjects following a low- @entity1735 diet. However, the efficacy of @entity165 absorption inhibition added to @entity1780 therapy has not been studied in this common clinical setting. METHODS: We performed a randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of @entity3709 on @entity11429 when added to @entity3413 among subjects following a low- @entity1735 diet. We enrolled 65 subjects who were overweight or @entity28 (body mass index 25-45 kg/m(2)) and had a moderately elevated @entity11429 (130-190 mg/dL). During a 4-week diet run-in, subjects were instructed to restrict @entity1735 intake to <30 g/day. Subjects demonstrating adequate adherence to a low- @entity1735 diet (n = 58) were randomized to @entity3413 (20 mg) or @entity3413 (20 mg) plus @entity3709 (10 mg) for 8 weeks. RESULTS: Body weight decreased by 3.1% (95% CI 2.1%-4.0%, P < .0001), but the magnitude of weight change did not differ between the groups (P = .92). The @entity11429 decreased by 32 mg/dL (95% CI 21-42 mg/dL) in the @entity3413 arm and 60 mg/dL (95% CI 45-75 mg/dL) in the combined @entity3413 - @entity3709 arm (P = .002). This corresponded to a 20.9% reduction (95% CI 14.5%-27.4%) in @entity11429 on @entity3413 alone, compared with a 37.4% reduction (95% CI 29.3%-45.6%) on @entity3413 - @entity3709 (P = .002). A significant 15.8% reduction in @entity1674 was observed among enrolled subjects, which did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Among subjects following a low- @entity1735 diet, combined @entity1780 and @entity165 absorption inhibitor therapy is more effective than @entity1780 monotherapy for @entity11429 lowering.

title: Efficacy of @entity165 uptake inhibition added to @entity1780 therapy among subjects following a low- XXXX diet: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3709 :: ('MESH:C108606', 'Chemical') :: ['ezetimibe']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: Early defibrillation by emergency medical personnel has been shown to improve survival in @entity1 suffering from out-of-hospital @entity1167 with @entity2224 . Due to organisational differences it is difficult to compare results in various studies. Comparison of studies has been simplified by introduction of the Utstein template. After introduction of an @entity8658 program in Hamburg, we compared the @entity1 being treated with @entity8658 by emergency medical technicians (EMTs) with @entity1 being defibrillated by physicians in an out-of-hospital emergency service in a prospective study. All @entity1 suffered from non EMT-witnessed @entity2224 of cardiac origin. During 1 year, 103 @entity1 were analyzed with respect to survival rate and quality of life. Of the 53 @entity1 in the @entity8658 group (G1) 11 regained a palpable pulse at physicians' arrival, whereas all @entity1 of the control group (G2) showed @entity2224 . More @entity1 treated with @entity8658 regained sinus rhythm without antiarrhythmics in the prehospital phase (G1: n=43 (86%); G2: n=32 (60%); P<0.05) and had a shorter in-hospital stay (G1: median, 23 days; range 5-51 days; G2: median 39, range 15-88 days; P<0.05). Twelve @entity1 in G1 and 16 in G2 were discharged from hospital. The survival rate was similar in both groups (after 6 months G1: n=12; G2: n=14, after 12 months G1: n=10; G2: n=13 and after 24 months G1: n=9; G2: n=10), and the quality of life according to Glasgow-Pittsburgh Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) and Overall Performance Category (OPC) scores also was comparable between groups. We conclude that @entity8658 provides a higher incidence of return of a spontaneous circulation, a reduced need for antiarrhythmics and shorter in-hospital treatment times in @entity1 with out-of-hospital @entity2224 .

title: Influence of XXXX on the survival rate and quality of life after CPR in prehospital emergency medical service in a German metropolitan area.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity8658 :: ('MESH:C580055', 'Disease') :: ['early defibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity8658 :: (MESH:C580055,Disease) :: ['early defibrillation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the validity of written informed consent taken from @entity1 prior to undergoing @entity726 surgery by testing their ability to understand the information offered to them during the consent-taking process. METHODS: Seventy-three @entity1 were asked to complete a standardised confidential questionnaire after giving a written informed consent. Surgeons who were taking the consent were also requested to submit their self-evaluation form. @entity1 ' understanding of the information they were given was evaluated using a standardised point scoring system. RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 (68.5%) agreed that they were given enough time to make an informed decision, while 67 doctors (91.8%) claimed that they had allocated enough time to explain the procedures. Fifty-two @entity1 (71.2%) reported that they were given adequate information on the details or diagnosis of their problems, 65 @entity1 (89.0%) on the details of the procedure and 69 @entity1 (94.5%) on the risks and complications. Thirty-four @entity1 (46.6%) were not sure, or refused information on the risks and complications of the procedure. Only half of the @entity1 (57.5%) had overall moderate understanding of their surgical problem, and only 13 @entity1 (17.8%) were able to demonstrate a good overall understanding of their surgical problem. CONCLUSIONS: Although most @entity1 acknowledged that they received sufficient information to give consent, few could objectively recall the information given to them. This study thus raises some doubts on the validity and quality of written informed consent, and highlights the importance of giving clear information to @entity1 undergoing @entity726 surgery.

title: A prospective audit on the validity of written informed consent prior to XXXX surgery: an Asian perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Incisal tooth wear may be a sign of long-term bruxing behavior. @entity8599 is purported to be a risk factor for @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ). The aim of this population-based cross-sectional study was to determine if anterior tooth wear is associated with the self-report of @entity2531 in @entity1 and adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a population sample of 1,011 @entity1 and adolescents (mean age 13.1 years, range 10 to 18 years; female 52%; response rate 85%), @entity2956 cases were defined as subjects reporting @entity158 in the face, jaw muscles, and temporomandibular joint during the last month according to @entity20683 / @entity2956 . All other subjects were considered controls. Incisal tooth wear was assessed in the clinical examination using a 0 to 2 scale (no wear, enamel wear, dentin wear) for every anterior permanent tooth. The mean wear score for the individuals was categorized into 0, 0.01 to 0.20, 0.21 to 0.40, and 0.41+. A multiple logistic regression analysis, controlling for the effects of age and gender, analyzed the association between the categorized summary wear score and @entity2956 . Specifically, the hypothesis of a trend between higher tooth wear scores and higher risk of @entity2956 was tested. RESULTS: An odds ratio of 1.1 indicated, after adjusting for gender and age, no statistically significantly higher risk of @entity2531 with higher tooth wear scores. CONCLUSION: Incisal tooth wear was not associated with self-reported @entity2531 in 10- to 18-year-old subjects.

title: Incisal tooth wear and self-reported XXXX in @entity1 and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['TMD', 'temporomandibular disorders']

answer: @entity2531 :: (MESH:D013001,Disease) :: ['TMD pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:: Evaluation of a protocol of total intraluminal occlusion of Baerveldt shunts and its effects on early @entity2790 (IOP) control and @entity532 . DESIGN:: This was a noncomparative, prospective, and interventional study. @entity1 :: @entity726 @entity1 were recruited to undergo Baerveldt shunt surgery. A total of 116 eyes of 112 @entity1 were enrolled. INTERVENTION:: During shunt implantation, aqueous outflow was restricted using an intraluminal occluding stent inserted through the entire tube length, with and without external ligation, to halt aqueous flow. Postoperatively, eyes underwent ligature laser suture lysis and @entity1939 , at predetermined time intervals. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:: Loss of postoperative IOP control was categorized as transient or persistent @entity8814 (IOP <=5 mm Hg) or hypertony (IOP>21 mm Hg). @entity1 were followed up for 1 year. RESULTS:: Preoperatively median IOP was 23 mm Hg (mean 26 mm Hg, SD 12 mm Hg), median number of @entity726 medications was 3.0 (mean 3.0, @entity15757 .2). During year 1, laser suture lysis was performed in 30 eyes (26%) and stent removal in 93 eyes (80%) (23 partial; 70 complete). There was 1 case of transient @entity8814 , no cases of persistent @entity8814 , 10 of transient hypertony, and 3 of persistent hypertony. Nine eyes had IOP <=5 mm Hg at >= 1 time points and @entity532 occurred in 8 eyes (7%). At 1 year, median IOP was 12 mm Hg (mean 13 mm Hg, SD 4 mm Hg) with a median of 1.0 @entity726 medications (mean 1.1, @entity15757 .3). The cumulative probability of failure during the first 12 months follow-up was 6% (n=7). Overall @entity260 occurred in 11 eyes (9%). CONCLUSIONS:: The surgical and postoperative protocol resulted in controlled, step-wise reductions of IOP with low rates of @entity8814 and related complications.

title: Systematic Occlusion of Shunts: Control of Early Postoperative IOP and @entity532 Following XXXX Shunt Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['hypotony-related complications']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['partial or complete stent removals']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative intraocular pressure']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']


abstract: The effects of jingsongling (JSL) and @entity4763 on heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were studied in five conscious male @entity235 . An i.v. injection of @entity4763 (1 mg/kg) caused a @entity1168 , an initial @entity101 , and a subsequent @entity551 . An i.v. injection of JSL (1 mg/kg) caused a @entity1168 and a 20-min @entity101 without a subsequent @entity551 . @entity3897 (45 micrograms/kg, i.v.) increased HR for 30 min without changing MAP, and antagonized JSL-induced @entity1168 for at least 60 min. There was a subsequent rebound @entity1168 . @entity3897 potentiated JSL-induced @entity101 in both magnitude and duration. @entity3160 (0.1 mg/kg, i.v.), an alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, increased HR and MAP for 110 and 70 min, respectively. @entity3160 not only failed to potentiate but even reversed the pressor effect of JSL in a dose-dependent manner. @entity3160 also caused a dose-dependent reversal of JSL-induced @entity1168 . @entity6116 (5 mg/kg, i.v.), a nonselective alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist, increased MAP for 20 min without changing HR. @entity6116 also reversed JSL-induced @entity101 and @entity1168 . @entity3159 (1 mg/kg), an alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, decreased MAP and increased HR for at least 110 min. @entity3159 reversed JSL-induced @entity101 but failed to affect JSL-induced @entity1168 . These results indicated that: (1) JSL-induced @entity1168 and @entity101 are mediated by alpha 2-adrenoceptors; (2) @entity3160 and @entity6116 may be useful in antagonizing these untoward reactions associated with JSL administration, whereas @entity3159 and @entity3897 were not found to be beneficial in this regard.

title: The effects of jingsongling, a @entity4763 analog, on mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate in @entity235 --influences of @entity3160 , XXXX , @entity3159 , and @entity3897 .

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine', 'Yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6116 :: ('MESH:D014043', 'Chemical') :: ['tolazoline', 'Tolazoline']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine sulfate', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['Prazosin', 'prazosin']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity6116 :: (MESH:D014043,Chemical) :: ['tolazoline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Capsule endoscopy is a major technological advancement in the visualization of the small bowell. Its utility in the evaluation of the esophagus is mainly limited by its rapid and unpredictable transmission, thus limiting the number of pictures of the esophagus, in particular, the distal esophagus. METHODS: Strings were attached to the wireless capsule endoscopy device to allow its controlled movement up and down the esophagus. Microbiologic cultures of the capsule's surface after high-level disinfection were carried out after the procedure. At the time of recording, discomfort associated with the procedure was documented. @entity1 preference compared with conventional EGD was recorded. An independent endoscopist blinded to the EGD diagnoses assessed the diagnostic accuracy of pictures obtained. OBSERVATIONS: Fifty @entity1 with @entity355 were enrolled: 28 with short-segment Barrett's and 22 with long-segment Barrett's. The procedure was safe (no strings were disrupted, and no capsule was lost), and it rendered negative microbiologic cultures after high-level disinfection. The mean recording time was 7.9 minutes; all @entity1 with both short- and long-segment @entity355 were successfully identified. The difficulty/discomfort associated with swallowing the device, throat discomfort, gagging, moving the capsule (up and down and upon retrieval of the capsule) was none or minimal in 74%, 98%, 96%, 94%, and 76%, respectively. A single capsule was used in 24 studies, and the majority of @entity1 (92%) preferred string-capsule endoscopy to EGD. CONCLUSIONS: String-capsule endoscopy was feasible, safe, and highly acceptable, and was preferred by @entity1 and may prove to be more cost effective than screening EGD.

title: Feasibility and safety of string, wireless capsule endoscopy in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: The singular ability of immunoglobulin genes to hypermutate their variable regions, while permitting the generation of high-affinity antibodies against foreign antigens, poses a problem in terms of maintenance of immunological self-tolerance. Immunoglobulin gene hypermutation driven by a foreign antigen has the potential to generate antibodies that cross-react with self-components. Consequently, there must exist a mechanism in the periphery for inactivation of mature autoreactive B cell clones. The classical experimental system used to address this problem is the induction of tolerance to soluble, deaggregated human IgG. We have analyzed the mechanism of induction of tolerance to human IgG using @entity19 that express a @entity1 IgM rheumatoid factor (IgM RF) on a large proportion of their B cells. Injection of deaggregated human IgG caused a specific deletion of those B cells that express an intact IgM RF on their cell surface. The degree of RF B cell deletion was proportional to the reduction in the proliferative response of splenocytes to antigen (aggregated human IgG), or to F(ab')2 fragments of anti-human IgM antibodies. Control experiments showed that IgG administration had little effect on the numbers of @entity19 Ig-bearing cells or their ability to proliferate to a nonspecific mitogen. Thus, the effects of IgG on the @entity1 IgM RF B cell are antigen specific and are not due to nonspecific toxic effects of the human IgG preparation. These experiments demonstrate that peripheral exposure to IgG induces deletion of reactive B cells, without any evidence for anergy, and differ from data obtained by other investigators studying tolerance to soluble protein antigens. The results imply that @entity1 Igs have distinct properties as soluble antigens, and that peripheral nonresponsiveness to IgG may be due to lymphocyte deletion.

title: Human immunoglobulin (IgG) induced deletion of IgM rheumatoid factor B cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice', 'mouse']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['transgenic mice']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine if the @entity1017 that accompanies smoking cessation is independently associated with reductions in FEV1 and FVC, using a multicenter randomized intervention trial of smoking cessation in 10 communities in the United States and Canada. Enrollees were currently smoking @entity1 and @entity1 35 to 60 yr of age with mild-to-moderate @entity1224 . @entity1 were randomized to one of three study groups: an intensive smoking cessation program with an inhaled bronchodilator (or a placebo), and usual care. Changes in absolute and percent predicted FEV1 and FVC between baseline and fifth annual follow-up visit were monitored in relation to changes in body weight during the interval. At the baseline examination, percent predicted FEV1 was maximal at 90 to 100% ideal body weight (IBW) and was lower as body weight deviated from this range. The FVC decreased linearly when IBW exceeded 100%. Weight gain was greatest during the first 12 mo after smoking cessation. Weight gain was associated with lower fifth-year FEV1 and FVC in all smoking categories: continuous smokers, intermittent smokers, and sustained quitters. The FVC was affected by @entity1017 more than was the FEV1, and the FEV1 was affected by smoking cessation more than FVC. @entity1 showed more impairment of FVC with @entity1017 than did @entity1 , possibly because of differential patterns of fat deposition. In sustained quitters, after adjustment for baseline factors, the estimated reduction of FVC was 17.4 ml/kg @entity1017 for @entity1 and 10.6 ml/kg for @entity1 . The estimated loss of FEV1 was 11.1 ml/kg @entity1017 for @entity1 and 5.6 ml/kg for @entity1 . Lung function after smoking cessation is significantly influenced by @entity1017 and affects @entity1 more than @entity1 . The deleterious effects of @entity1017 are small, however, in comparison with the beneficial effects of smoking cessation.

title: Effect of XXXX on pulmonary function after smoking cessation in the Lung Health Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: Personal and indoor exposure to PM(2.5) and @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) were measured in households in the Njombe district of Tanzania. Cooking is conducted indoors in this region due to its high elevation, cool climate, and heavy seasonal rainfall. Kitchens are often poorly ventilated, resulting in high exposures to combustion-related pollutants. Sampling sites were selected to represent typical cooking practices across regional socio-economic divisions. These include the use of open wood fires, charcoal, a mix of charcoal and @entity15788 , and @entity5745 ( @entity5745 ) for cooking fuels. PM(2.5) average personal exposure was 14  g/m(3) (  3, n = 3) for @entity5745 , 88  g/m(3) (  42, n = 3) for @entity15788 /charcoal mix, 588  g/m(3) (  347, n   = 3) for charcoal alone, and 1574  g/m(3) (  287, n = 3) for open wood fires. Total @entity2556 average personal exposures were less than 1 ng/m(3) (  1, n = 3) for @entity5745 , 57 ng/m(3) (  16, n = 3) for @entity15788 /charcoal mix, 334 ng/m(3) (  57, n = 3) for charcoal alone, and 5040 ng/m(3) (  909, n = 3) for open wood fires. @entity3014 equivalent exposures for US EPA's priority @entity2556 pollutants were 0 for @entity5745 , 8 ng/m(3) for @entity15788 /charcoal mix, 44 ng/m(3) for charcoal, and 767 ng/m(3) for open wood fire. Inhalable pollutants are present at unacceptably high levels, exceeding indoor air quality standards for all but @entity5745 fuels. Relative results provide an exposure profile for rural East Africa and support the feasibility of conducting a larger scale smoke exposure campaign in the region. The use of "fuel efficient" wood stoves for the reduction of PM(2.5) and @entity2556 exposure was measured in a local secondary school. Proper use of "fuel efficient" wood stoves reduced personal and indoor exposure to measured pollutants by more than 90%, supporting further investigation into the applicability of this technology to significantly improve indoor air quality.

title: Personal and indoor exposure to PM   .    and XXXX in the southern highlands of Tanzania: a pilot-scale study.

entities_list: @entity5745 :: ('MESH:D011007', 'Disease') :: ['liquid petroleum gas', 'LPG']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['Benzo[a]pyrene']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Allergic sensitization to cat allergens is common and represents a major risk factor for @entity565 . @entity6542 ( @entity6542 ) is effective but cumbersome and associated with IgE-dependent adverse events. Immunotherapy targeting allergen-specific T cells, with synthetic peptides representing T-cell epitopes, might improve safety and reduce the duration of treatment. OBJECTIVE: We sought to define major T-cell epitopes of Fel d 1 for peptide immunotherapy, generate a peptide vaccine, and evaluate its safety and tolerability in subjects with cat @entity566 . METHODS: We determined the binding affinities of Fel d 1 peptides for 10 commonly expressed HLA-DR molecules. Functionally immunodominant peptides were identified by means of proliferation and cytokine secretion. @entity112 -releasing activity was assessed, and a peptide vaccine was formulated. Safety and tolerability were evaluated in a dose-ranging phase IIa clinical trial. RESULTS: MHC-binding sequences were identified throughout Fel d 1. Some regions contained multiple overlapping T-cell epitopes that bound multiple MHC molecules. Immunodominant sequences were identified on the basis of proliferative and cytokine ( @entity379 , @entity688 , and @entity4047 ) responses. Cat allergen extract, but not peptides, induced @entity112 release in blood basophils. A single administration of peptide vaccine was safe and well tolerated. The dose of vaccine resulting in the greatest inhibition of the late-phase skin response to intradermal whole allergen challenge was 3 nmol. CONCLUSIONS: Fel d 1 contains multiple overlapping MHC-binding motifs. A peptide vaccine comprising the immunodominant regions of the allergen was safe and well tolerated when given to subjects with cat @entity566 as a single dose. The dose of vaccine resulting in the greatest reduction in late-phase skin response was defined for future clinical development.

title: Development and preliminary clinical evaluation of a peptide immunotherapy vaccine for cat XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6542 :: ('MESH:C562465', 'Disease') :: ['Specific immunotherapy', 'SIT']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: In treating DKA and HHNK, low dose insulin therapy has been confirmed to be efficient and with less complications than traditional high dose insulin therapy. In 1981, we have reported 157 cases of DKA and HHNK at VGH. Between January 1986 and December 1987, 98 cases of DKA and HHNK were encountered at VGH. 40 @entity1 had 48 episodes of DKA their mean age were 56 years. Comparing with the previous report, we found that the main precipitating factors were @entity281 (41.6% vs 38.8%), omission of insulin (27.1% vs 34.7%) and there were cases without any precipitating factors (18.7% vs 24.8%). 3 cases died (6.2% vs 7.3%) in three days. During treatment, @entity4053 were found in 4 cases (8.3% vs 5.2%) and @entity1371 were noted in 30 cases (62.5% vs 42.3%). 47 @entity1 had 50 episodes of HHNK, their mean age were 68.7 years. Comparing with the previous experience, the main precipitating factors were @entity281 (44% vs 45.7%), omission of insulin (16% vs 20%) and @entity65 (12% vs 31.4%), there were some episodes without any precipitating factors (20% vs 8.6%). 10 cases died (20% vs 20%) in three days, @entity4053 were noted in 2 cases (4% vs 3%) and @entity1371 in 20 cases (42% vs 27.3%). It seems, even with better knowledge, facilities and increased experience in the management of @entity6 , no dramatic change in morbidity and mortality was noted over the past 7 years.

title: [ XXXX and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma--a reappraisal after seven years].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic emergencies']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disorder']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetic ketoacidosis']


abstract: The causative agent of listeriosis, a serious disease of @entity1 and animals, @entity5125 is a ubiquitous bacterium that inhabits both anthropogenic and pristine environments. We report @entity5125 isolation from wild animals, @entity1 , food and the environment of a far eastern region of Russia. In total, 654 samples of internal organs of small rodents belonging to the Muridae and Cricetidae families, and 986 samples of the liver and muscles of mollusks and fish were examined to obtain 7 and 14 independent @entity5125 isolates, respectively. The wild animal isolates were compared with @entity1 (n=9), food (n=8) and environmental (n=3) isolates obtained in the same region. Twenty of the 21 wild animal isolates belonged to the serovar 4b. The serovars 4b, 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b, 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c were found between @entity1 and food isolates, respectively. All isolates were characterized into molecular subtypes by DNA sequencing of the 618 bp internal fragment of the house keeping gene prs and 621 bp internal fragment of the virulence gene inlB. Sequence analysis revealed 4 and 13 alleles for prs and inlB fragments, respectively. Distinct prs and inlB alleles clustered into two groups consistently with established phylogenetic lineages. Among isolates of every lineage, the @entity377 diversity of the prs fragment was low; the @entity377 diversity of the inlB fragment was low among wild animal isolates and higher among @entity1 isolates. All rodent isolates and 10 of 14 marine organism isolates carried the same allele of the inlB fragment, which was also found among environmental (two of three), food (two of eight) and @entity1 (two of nine) isolates.

title: Low genetic diversity and epidemiological significance of XXXX isolated from wild animals in the far east of Russia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'L. monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity5125 :: (1639,Species) :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity130 activation for @entity551 in blunt @entity130 is controversial. Some @entity1 subsequently arrive at the @entity130 center normotensive, but they can still have life-threatening injuries. Admission @entity51 ( @entity51 ) <=-6 correlates with @entity130 , transfusion requirement, and mortality. Can admission @entity51 be used to discriminate those severely injured @entity1 who arrive normotensive but "crump," (i.e., become @entity551 again) in the Emergency Department? The purpose is to determine whether admission @entity51 <-6 discriminates @entity1 at risk for future bouts of unexpected @entity551 during evaluation. METHODS: Retrospective chart review was performed on all blunt @entity130 admissions at a Level I @entity130 center from August 2002 through July 2007. @entity551 was defined as a systolic blood pressure <=90 mm Hg. @entity1 who were @entity551 in the field but normotensive upon arrival in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) were included. Age, gender, injury severe score, arterial blood gas analysis, results of focused abdominal sonogram for @entity130 (FAST), computed tomography, intravenous fluid administration, blood transfusions, and the presence of repeat bouts of @entity551 were noted. @entity1 were stratified by @entity51 <=-6 or >= -5. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t test,   , and logistic regression analysis with significance attributed to p<0.05. RESULTS: During the 5-year period, 231 blunt @entity130 @entity1 had @entity551 in the field with subsequent normotension on admission to the @entity341 . Of these, 189 @entity1 had admission @entity51 data recorded. @entity1 with a @entity51 <=-6 were significantly more likely to have repeat @entity551 (78% vs. 30%, p<0.001). Overall mortality was 13% (24 of 189), but @entity1 with repeat @entity551 had greater mortality (24% vs. 5%, p<0.003). CONCLUSION: @entity130 @entity1 with repeat episodes of @entity551 have significantly greater mortality. @entity1 with transient field @entity551 and a @entity51 <=-6 are more than twice as likely to have repeat @entity551 (crump). This study reinforces the need for early arterial blood gases and @entity130 team involvement in the evaluation of these @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity51 <=-6 should have early invasive monitoring, liberal use of repeat FAST exams, and careful resuscitation before computed tomography scanning. Surgeons should have a low threshold for taking such @entity1 to the operating room.

title: XXXX in blunt @entity130 : identifying the "crump factor".

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['BD', 'base deficit']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'Hypotension', 'prehospital hypotension', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma', 'Blunt trauma', 'injury severity']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['Prehospital hypotension']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the complications associated with @entity6228 ( @entity6228 ) after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). SETTING: @entity267 Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. METHODS: In this noncontrolled retrospective case series, the medical records of all @entity1 with LASIK complications seen in the @entity267 Service at Wills Eye Hospital from January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2002, were reviewed. All @entity1 who presented with @entity6228 changes after LASIK were included in the study. @entity1 with a history of @entity130 before or after surgery were excluded. RESULTS: Thirty-five eyes of 18 @entity1 were included. The mean age was 46.2 years. Thirteen eyes (37.1%) had a flap-lift procedure to remove @entity2543 or for an enhancement. The most common reason for the visit was @entity227 , which were seen in 77.8% of @entity1 . Seven @entity1 (38.9%) had @entity227 alone; 27.8% had @entity227 associated with recurrent erosions and 11.1%, with @entity936 . Four @entity1 (22.2%) had recurrent @entity2687 with no @entity227 . On examination, the most common finding was negative staining with @entity941 dye within the LASIK flap, which was seen in all @entity1 . In addition to the @entity6228 changes, 25.7% had some degree of @entity2543 and 45.7%, irregular @entity940 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6228 changes post LASIK were associated with @entity227 . @entity1 should be carefully screened for @entity6228 . Those who have @entity6228 signs or symptoms may not be ideal candidates for LASIK.

title: Complications associated with XXXX after laser in situ keratomileusis.

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual complaints and/or recurrent erosions', 'visual complaints']

entities_list: @entity6228 :: ('MESH:C535477', 'Disease') :: ['Anterior basement membrane dystrophy', 'anterior basement membrane dystrophy', 'ABMD']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ingrowth']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal erosions']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity6228 :: (MESH:C535477,Disease) :: ['anterior basement membrane dystrophy']


abstract: Diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL), liver-spleen scintigraphy (LSS), and visceral angiography (VA) have been cited as useful in the evaluation of @entity1 sustaining blunt @entity1661 to determine the existence of injuries requiring operative intervention. We have reviewed the clinical courses of 44 @entity1 who sustained blunt @entity1661 and had various combinations of DPL, LSS, and VA employed in their diagnostic evaluation. The predictive value and efficiency of these tests have been compared in this group of @entity1 . DPL is sensitive and specific for the presence of intraperitoneal blood. LSS is sensitive and specific for parenchymal irregularity in the liver and spleen. VA is sensitive and specific for @entity455 , severe @entity548 , and arteriovenous shunting. None of these tests are completely sensitive and specific for the spectrum of surgically significant injuries produced by blunt @entity1661 . In this group of @entity1 who had multiple studies because of diagnostic uncertainty, DPL had the highest predictive value and the highest efficiency. LSS results did not by themselves dictate a change in management for any @entity1 . In some @entity1 VA was helpful in determining operative or nonoperative management.

title: Comparative accuracy of diagnostic peritoneal lavage, liver-spleen scintigraphy, and visceral angiography in blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular abnormality']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['abdominal trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity102 ( @entity102 ) is a heterogeneous group of inflammatory diseases of the nasal and paranasal cavities, either accompanied by @entity1127 formation (CRSwNP) or without @entity1127 (CRSsNP). The etiology and pathophysiology is unknown; some specialists define @entity2490 and @entity1244 as one clinical entity, whereas others regard both as separate dis-eases. We therefore investigated the immunological background of the chronically inflamed nasal and sinusal mucosa. METHODS: Protein levels of the inflammatory mediators ILl-beta, @entity225 , ECP, INF-gamma, and @entity2533 were assessed in ethmoidal mucosal samples from CRSsNP and CRSwNP @entity1 , and compared with the expression profile in nasal inferior turbinate (17) mucosa of the same @entity1 groups. Nasal tissue of @entity1 without disease served as control. RESULTS: In CRSwNP, increased levels of @entity225 and ECP were not only observed in ethmoidal samples, but also in the nasal IT-mucosa. @entity2533 levels were lower in @entity1127 , reaching significance versus ethmoidal mucosa of CRSsNP. In CRSsNP, INF-gamma levels are up-regulated in both ethmoidal and nasal mucosa compared to control tissue. CONCLUSION: On the basis of similar inflammatory mediator profiles, we conclude that @entity2490 accompanies chronic @entity1244 , supporting the consensus term "rhinosinusitis". On the other hand, CRSsNP and CRSwNP should be regarded as distinct clinical entities.

title: XXXX and @entity2490 : clinical terminology "Chronic Rhinosinusitis" further supported.

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['CRS', 'Chronic rhinosinusitis']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['Chronic sinusitis']


abstract: We are interested in developing oncolytic adenoviruses for the treatment of bone @entity3 of @entity5 . A key limitation of systemic delivery of oncolytic adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) is that the majority of the virus is taken up by the liver, causing @entity409 and systemic @entity137 . Given that Ad5 hexon binding with @entity1003 factor X is a key factor in liver sequestration, and that a rare serotype, @entity13416 , has a diminished capacity to bind with factor X, we have generated mHAd.luc2, a novel hexon-chimeric oncolytic adenovirus. To create mHAd.luc2, seven hypervariable regions of Ad5 hexon were substituted with the corresponding regions from @entity13416 . Compared with Ad5-based oncolytic virus Ad.luc2, intravenous injection of mHAd.luc2 into @entity19 resulted in significantly reduced liver uptake. A single high dose (1.0 10(11) viral particles/ @entity19 ) of Ad.luc2 resulted in 100% animal death by day 3; whereas none of the @entity19 died in the mHAd.luc2 group. Liver enzyme and liver pathology studies indicated that mHAd.luc2 induced significantly less liver @entity137 compared with Ad.luc2. Both mHAd.luc2 and Ad.luc2 exhibited similar binding with @entity0 cells, whereas in the presence of factor X, mHAd.luc2 binding was reduced. Both mHAd.luc2 and Ad.luc2 had nearly equal replication potential in @entity0 cells in vitro. Intravenous injection of mHAd.luc2 and Ad.luc2 into @entity19 bearing bone @entity3 resulted in uptake of the @entity5 , and induced significant inhibition of established bone @entity3 . Thus, liver-detargeted oncolytic adenovirus can be developed for the treatment of @entity0 bone @entity3 .

title: Systemic delivery of a novel liver-detargeted oncolytic adenovirus causes reduced liver XXXX but maintains the antitumor response in a @entity0 bone @entity3 model.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['viruses into skeletal tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to assess prospectively the frequency of @entity1317 after major acute cervical spine @entity130 as determined by MR angiography and to assess the clinical consequences of these injuries. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: During a 6-month period, 37 @entity1 who had major acute nonpenetrating cervical spine @entity130 were examined with MR imaging, usually within 24 hr of the injury. Routine spin-echo and gradient-echo images were supplemented by two-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography of the extracranial head and neck vessels. The vertebral arteries were independently assessed by two neuroradiologists for nonvisualization, focal narrowing, or focal widening. Two @entity1 had conventional angiographic correlation. The medical records of these 37 @entity1 were also reviewed to determine the type of @entity3510 , @entity51 on admission, and evidence of an intracranial @entity51 due to @entity1317 . The MR angiograms of 37 control subjects were interpreted to help determine the specificity of MR angiography; those studies were assessed only for the presence or absence of the vertebral arteries. RESULTS: Findings on MR angiograms were abnormal in nine @entity1 (24%). In seven cases, one vertebral artery was diagnosed as nonvisualized (occluded) or focally narrowed; one @entity1 had bilateral @entity1317 ; and one @entity1 had nonvisualization of the left common carotid and left vertebral arteries. In all 37 control subjects, both vertebral arteries were identified on MR angiograms. A significant difference in the frequency of vertebral artery nonvisualization (occlusion) was found between the @entity130 and control populations. The @entity1 with bilateral @entity1317 died 2 days after hospital admission of a massive @entity1188 of the right cerebellar hemisphere. The other eight @entity1 with @entity1317 , and the remaining 28 @entity1 with normal findings on MR angiograms, had no @entity51 that could be ascribed to a major @entity1317 . CONCLUSION: In our experience, @entity1317 due to major cervical spine @entity130 as determined by MR angiography are common. Although these @entity455 usually remain clinically occult, a small percentage of @entity1 may suffer devastating @entity16 of posterior fossa @entity1188 . Noninvasive assessment of the vertebral arteries by means of MR imaging should be an integral part of the evaluation of the acutely injured cervical spine.

title: @entity1317 after acute cervical spine XXXX : rate of occurrence as detected by MR angiography and assessment of clinical consequences.

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injury']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic complications']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial neurologic deficits', 'neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral artery injury', 'arterial injury', 'vertebral artery injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Twenty-two @entity1 suffering from @entity3554 ( @entity3554 ) were identified at the @entity9574  tri  re Hospital between January 1989 and January 1994: 20 @entity1 had a known primary @entity11 when @entity3554 was diagnosed (8 @entity463 , 5 @entity816 , 3 anaplasic @entity3271 , 2 @entity816 and 2 @entity3271 ); 2 @entity1 had primary @entity3554 . The delay between the discovery of the primary @entity5 and the development of @entity3554 was 5 +/- 4 months in @entity463 and 22 +/- 16 months for others @entity11 . In 1/2 primary @entity3554 , autopsy demonstrated an hippocampic @entity816 which was undetected pre-mortem even on MRI; in the second @entity1 with primary @entity3554 no autopsy was obtained and the diagnosis was based on meningeal biopsy. An epidemiological study was made by comparing 13 @entity3554 with 275 @entity11 without @entity3554 who were seen during the same period. The incidence of symptomatic @entity3554 was 4.7% and was more frequent in anaplasic @entity816 (6.5%) and anaplasic olidendrogliomas (11.4%) than in @entity463 (3%) but the difference was not statistically significant. The age at diagnosis of @entity3554 was 56 +/- 11 years in @entity463 and 41 +/- 7 in others @entity11 , related to @entity5 histology. Among the 22 studied cases, only 27% had a @entity693 ; multifocal @entity16 was present in 74% of @entity1 combining at various degree signs of @entity129 . Contrast enhancing lesions in the meninges or ventricules on CT/MRI were found in 82% of cases and 45% had an @entity1276 . In the CSF 94% of @entity1 had a protein level over 1 milligram and 47% of them had a low @entity413 level < 2.7 mmol/l; malignant cells were found in 47% of cases. Among 11 @entity1 who received radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, 3 improved and 2 were stable and their survival ranged from 6 to 34+ months. Criteria allowing diagnosis of @entity3554 are defined and the therapeutic option are reviewed.

title: [ @entity693 of XXXX . Study of 22 cases in adults].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral, cranial nerves and roots or spinal cord dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological involvement']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas', 'supratentorial glioma', 'supratentorial gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytomas', 'astrocytoma', 'astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3554 :: ('MESH:D008577', 'Disease') :: ['LG', 'diffuse leptomeningeal gliomatosis']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['hemispheric tumors']


abstract: Effects of @entity1425 (Epi) infusion on the absorption of subcutaneously injected 125I-labeled soluble @entity1 insulin (10 U) from the thigh or the abdomen were studied in 16 healthy subjects and from the thigh in 10 insulin-dependent @entity6 ( @entity1723 ) @entity1 . Epi was infused at 0.3 (high dose) or 0.1 (low dose; healthy subjects) nmol.kg-1.min-1 i.v., resulting in arterial plasma Epi levels of approximately 6 and 2 nM, respectively. Saline was infused on a control day. Insulin absorption was measured as disappearance of radioactivity from the injection site and as appearance of plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI). Adipose tissue blood flow was measured with the 133Xe clearance technique. First-order disappearance rate constants of 125I from the thigh depot decreased approximately 40-50% during the high dose of Epi compared with control (P less than .001). The corresponding decrease from the abdominal depot was approximately 40% (P less than .001), whereas no significant change was found during the low Epi dose. IRI fell compared with control in all groups at the high Epi dose. The Epi-induced @entity308 of insulin absorption occurred despite unaltered or even slightly increased subcutaneous blood flow. The results indicate that circulating Epi at levels seen during moderate physical stress depresses the absorption of soluble insulin from subcutaneous injection sites to an extent that might be important for glycemic control in @entity1723 @entity1 . Furthermore, dissociation is found between changes in insulin absorption and subcutaneous blood flow during Epi infusion, suggesting that factors other than blood flow may also influence the absorption of subcutaneously injected insulin.

title: Influence of circulating XXXX on absorption of subcutaneously injected insulin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['epinephrine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess changes in the magnetic resonance (MR) appearance of the spine in @entity1 with @entity1582 who responded to chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with @entity1582 underwent MR imaging of the spine before and after chemotherapy. Sagittal T1-weighted images were obtained before and after administration of contrast material. MR patterns of marrow involvement before treatment were classified as focal, diffuse, or variegated. The changes seen on MR images after treatment were analyzed and correlated with the clinical response as defined with standard criteria. RESULTS: Patterns of complete response included resolution of @entity236 or persistent abnormality without enhancement or with peripheral rim enhancement. Conversion of a diffuse to a variegated or focal pattern and a decrease in the amount of @entity236 with persistent enhancement were observed in @entity1 who showed a partial response. Ten @entity1 sustained new or progressive @entity3814 after successful therapy. CONCLUSION: Recognition of spinal MR patterns of response to treatment supported the occurrence of remission in @entity1 with @entity1582 . MR findings may help clarify response to therapy in @entity1 with equivocal clinical changes or nonsecretory @entity1582 .

title: XXXX : MR patterns of response to treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow abnormality']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['compression fractures']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['Multiple myeloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We sought to explore the safety and efficacy of the new TREVO stent-like retriever in consecutive @entity1 with @entity64 . METHODS: We conducted a prospective, single-center study of 60 @entity1 (mean age, 71.3 years; male 47%) with @entity64 lasting <8 hours in the anterior circulation (n=54) or <12 hours in the vertebrobasilar circulation (n=6) treated if CT perfusion/CT angiography confirmed a large @entity432 , ruled out a malignant profile, or showed target mismatch if symptoms >4.5 hours. Successful recanalization (Thrombolysis In @entity385 2b-3), good outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0-2) and mortality at Day 90, device-related complications, and symptomatic @entity548 (parenchymal @entity1410 Type 1 or parenchymal @entity1410 Type 2 and National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale score increment >=  4 points) were prospectively assessed. RESULTS: Median (interquartile range) National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale score on admission was 18 (12-22). The median (interquartile range) time from @entity64 onset to groin puncture was 210 (173-296) minutes. Successful revascularization was obtained in 44 (73.3%) of the cases when only the TREVO device was used and in 52 (86.7%) when other devices or additional intra-arterial tissue-type plasminogen activator were also required. The median time (interquartile range) of the procedure was 80 (45-114) minutes. Good outcome was achieved in 27 (45%) of the @entity1 and the mortality rate was 28.3%. Seven @entity1 (11.7%) presented a symptomatic @entity932 . No other major complications were detected. CONCLUSIONS: The TREVO device was reasonably safe and effective in @entity1 with severe @entity64 . These results support further investigation of the TREVO device in multicentric registries and randomized clinical trials.

title: Single-center experience of cerebral artery thrombectomy using the TREVO device in 60 XXXX with acute @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral Infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In @entity1 treated with allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ) for @entity5 who suffer from a relapse after the transplantation, the role of second allogeneic @entity8 is often uncertain. In a retrospective analysis, 2632   second allogeneic transplantations carried out for a relapse after the first transplantation were analyzed to define indications and identify predictive factors. Fifteen percent of the @entity1 remained relapse-free until 5 years after the second @entity8 . @entity1 with @entity1860 had a better survival than @entity1 with other diseases. In a multivariate analysis, factors associated with better survival were low disease burden, longer remission duration after the first transplantation, longer interval between the transplantations, younger age, absence of grade II-IV acute GvHD or chronic GvHD after the first transplantation, and later year of transplantation. The European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation risk score predicted the outcome. Using the same donor as in the first transplantation vs another donor had no predictive value for survival. Sibling donor was a favorable predictive factor. In conclusion, second allogeneic @entity8 offers a reasonable option especially for young @entity1 with a long remission after the first transplantation and a low disease burden. The present findings do not support the usefulness of changing the donor for the second transplantation.Bone Marrow Transplantation advance online publication, 14 September 2015; doi:10.1038/bmt.2015.186.

title: Second allogeneic transplantation for relapse of XXXX : retrospective analysis of outcome and predictive factors by the EBMT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant disease']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of @entity14654 and manuum (dermatophyte infections of the hands and feet) in adults in rural areas of @entity233 , the risk factors and self-administered treatment options. A total of 2,574 @entity1 living in a rural area were enrolled in the study. @entity1 were asked demographic data, @entity10281 habits in a questionnaire. KOH preparations and culture were performed from suspicious lesions. Medical and alternative therapy methods and former dermatophytosis diagnosis history were taken from the respondents with suspicious lesions. Microbiological samples were taken from 285 (11.1%) @entity1 . Culture was positive in 109 (4.2%) of those. The most common agent was @entity12734 . The predisposing factors were found as age older than 40, male gender and @entity28 . Forty-nine (44.9%) of @entity1 had taken a medical therapy, 56 (51.4%) had performed non-medical methods (cologne, Lawsonia inermis-Henna and softener creams). @entity1 's education about the treatment compliance is important.

title: The prevalence of @entity14654 and tinea manuum in adults in rural areas in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants', 'Patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity14654 :: ('MESH:D014008', 'Disease') :: ['tinea pedis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity12734 :: ('5551', 'Species') :: ['Trichophyton rubrum']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: Radiation-induced bystander effects are established consequences of exposure to ionizing radiation. The operation of this mechanism has been seen in vitro and also between fish, mammals, and plants in vive where stress signals from treated organisms induce responses in neighbors. In vitro research shows that DNA repair deficient cells produce more toxic bystander responses. To test this in vivo two strains of @entity7021 were tested. One is a mutant, repair deficient @entity6475 (ric2) and the other, the wildtype repair proficient @entity6475 (CAB). Irradiated fish swam with unirradiated partners in a @entity6475 mix and match protocol. The data suggest that @entity7021 produce signals, when exposed to radiation, that induce unirradiated fish ofthe same @entity6475 swimming with them to produce an altered response to that seen in bystanders to sham irradiated fish. More apoptosis was seen in bystanders to repair deficient fish. When the strains are mixed, the bystanders of either @entity6475 respond like the donor @entity6475 . Measurements of @entity16547 and cmyc proteins in the explants confirmed these observations. A possible role for @entity16548 was also identified in that the use of reporters with mutant @entity16548 demonstrated that CAB signals killed all the reporter cells by apoptosis. Use of a similar but @entity16548 wildtype cell line had no such effect. The data add to the body of knowledge showing that bystander signals operate at hierarchical levels of organization greater than the individual and may therefore have relevance in radioecology and (eco)systems biology.

title: Communication of radiation-induced signals in vivo between DNA repair deficient and proficient @entity7021 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity7021 :: ('8090', 'Species') :: ['medaka', 'Japanese medaka']

answer: @entity7021 :: (8090,Species) :: ['Oryzias latipes']


abstract: Platelet-activating factor ( @entity8303 ), a known platelet stimulant and bronchoconstrictor (in vivo), is a potential mediator of @entity32 and @entity715 . However, all smooth muscle effects of @entity8303 described to date are indirect, relying upon intravascular platelet activation. Novel actions of @entity8303 and @entity750 ( @entity750 ) are presented here; these actions may lead to the development of a practical bioassay for @entity8303 and contribute to the understanding of the mechanism of action for both substances. @entity8303 , when added to a spiral cut @entity840 @entity825 suspended in a tissue bath containing Krebs-Henseleit buffer, produced a dose-dependent loss of active tissue tension. The ED50 for this effect of @entity8303 was 75 ng/ml. @entity8303 produced a maximal relaxation which was 68% of that produced by PGE1 and the effect could not be modified by @entity117 or @entity1169 pretreatment. @entity750 , alone, contracted the @entity840 @entity825 strip in a dose-dependent manner, but caused relaxation instead when @entity3858 was present. @entity117 , @entity5333 and @entity1169 did not alter this loss of active tissue tension. A similar observation was made in vivo using the @entity840 bronchoconstriction model, in which @entity8303 as well as @entity750 given to @entity3858 -treated animals caused a decrease in intratracheal pressure. This action of @entity8303 may yield a suitable bioassay method which could facilitate routine measurements of the substance. Furthermore, the similarity in action of @entity8303 and of @entity750 on @entity3858 -treated animals leads one to speculate about the relationship between the two substances and their mechanism of action in smooth muscle.

title: Relaxation of the @entity840 XXXX induced by platelet-activating factor and by @entity750 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3858 :: ('MESH:D008784', 'Chemical') :: ['methysergide']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity8303 :: ('MESH:D010972', 'Chemical') :: ['PAF-acether']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity825 :: (MESH:D055090,Disease) :: ['trachea']


abstract: Eighty-five @entity1 receiving long-term @entity1169 therapy were randomized after aorta-coronary bypass grafting either to receive minidose @entity1169 (Group I) or to serve as controls (Group II). They were compared with 18 @entity1 (Group III) who did not receive beta blocking agents prior to operation but were given @entity1169 postoperatively. Poor-risk @entity1 (those having @entity1002 , low ejection fraction, or @entity712 ) as well as @entity1 who required catecholamines postoperatively were included in the study. All three groups were comparable with respect to all risk factors. @entity1169 (5 to 10 mg/6 hr) was started through a nasogastric tube 6 hours after operation and continued orally in all @entity1 in Groups I and III. @entity4710 appeared in two of 37 @entity1 in Group I (5%), 19 of 48 @entity1 in Group II (40%), and five of 18 @entity1 in Group III (27%). The incidence of @entity4710 was significantly lower in Group I than in Groups II and III (p less than 0.001, Group I versus Group II; p less than 0.01, Group I versus Group III). In conclusion, low-dose @entity1169 is very effective in preventing @entity4710 following aorta-coronary bypass in @entity1 receiving beta blockers preoperatively. The increased tendency for postoperative @entity4710 to develop in these @entity1 is attributed to hypersensitivity to adrenergic stimulation after @entity1169 withdrawal. The @entity591 can be prevented by early reinstitution of @entity1169 in low doses after the operation.

title: Prevention of XXXX with low-dose @entity1169 after coronary bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['Supraventricular tachyarrhythmia', 'supraventricular tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular aneurysms']

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['supraventricular tachyarrhythmia']


abstract: Does thought disorder emerge solely as a function of @entity716 , or is it a function of diagnosis? The present research investigated whether thought disorder is more frequent in specific diagnostic groups, such as @entity161 and @entity162 , than in other types of @entity914 . The frequency and severity of @entity74 was assessed in 324 Research Diagnostic Criteria and DSM-III schizophrenics, manics, other @entity716 @entity1 , and nonpsychotic @entity1 , and a normal comparison group. Fifty-seven percent of the sample were first hospital admissions. @entity1 were tested at the acute phase of their disorder, within the first 2 weeks of hospitalization, with three cognitive tests. Scores from these three tests were scaled to obtain a composite index of the severity of @entity74 . Diagnostic factors were more salient to the severity of disordered thinking than was @entity716 . @entity74 was significantly more frequent in @entity161 and @entity162 than in other @entity914 (p less than .05). The frequency of @entity1 with severe thought disorder was reduced as one moved down the hierarchy of @entity162 , @entity161 , schizoaffective, and depressed @entity914 (p less than .001). Rather surprisingly, the current research suggests that nonpsychotic @entity162 @entity1 may be as thought disordered as @entity716 @entity1 at acute phases of disturbance. This would indicate that the presence of @entity74 in @entity162 is not primarily a function of most of these @entity1 ' being @entity716 at the acute phase of disturbance. @entity74 was not simply a function of @entity716 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX . A function of @entity161 , @entity162 , or @entity716 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disturbances', 'psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychotic manic', 'psychosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Thought disorder', 'positive thought disorder']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['Thought disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: [Lys( @entity18752 ), Pro(B29)]- @entity1 insulin (lispro) is an insulin analogue with a reduced capacity for self-association and faster absorption from subcutaneous injection sites. We hypothesized that administration of lispro closer to a meal would result in better @entity413 control than that achieved with regular insulin. METHODS: This trial used a randomized crossover design that consisted of a period of metabolic stabilization lasting 9 days followed by an evaluation period lasting 5 days. The @entity1 received weight-maintenance diets, and insulin doses were adjusted as needed. Calorie intake, insulin dose, and activities were kept constant once the evaluation period began. During the evaluation period, we varied the time between insulin injection and mealtime and assessed @entity413 control. RESULTS: During the evaluation period, the lowest mean @entity413 concentrations were 117.9 mg/dl for lispro and 119.8 mg/dl (p = 0.817) for regular insulin. To obtain these, we gave lispro, on average, 22.5 minutes before meals and regular insulin 63.8 minutes before meals (p = 0.006). A similar pattern was evident throughout the @entity413 control parameters. The exception was mean amplitude of @entity413 excursion, which was lower after lispro (59 versus 75 mg/dl; p = 0.007) compared with regular insulin. CONCLUSIONS: We achieved equal or slightly better @entity413 control, as reflected by mean amplitude of @entity413 excursion, with insulin lispro given much closer to meal time than that achieved with regular insulin. As a result of these findings, we propose that a rapidly absorbed analogue of insulin is capable of achieving better control of postprandial @entity413 at a more convenient injection time.

title: [Lys( @entity18752 ), Pro(B29)]- XXXX insulin: effect of injection time on postprandial glycemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The distribution of @entity460 -activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) between cytosol and membrane fractions was examined in @entity291 adrenal glomerulosa cells treated with @entity11502 or @entity972 . Protein kinase C was isolated from cytosol and from detergent-solubilized particulate fractions by @entity8851 -cellulose chromatography. A major peak of activity for both the soluble and particulate forms of adrenal glomerulosa protein kinase C was eluted at 0.05-0.09 M @entity1219 . The soluble and particulate forms were found to constitute about 95 and 5%, respectively, of the total enzyme activity in unstimulated cells. A second peak of kinase activity was eluted with 0.15-0.19 M @entity1219 , which was not dependent on the presence of phospholipids. Exposure of isolated cells for 20 min to 10(-8) M angiotensin II resulted in a decrease in cytosolic activity to 30-40% of control values, and in a corresponding increase in protein kinase C activity associated with the particulate fraction. This hormone-induced redistribution was found to be dose-dependent with an ED50 of 2 nM for angiotensin II, and it occurred rapidly, reaching a plateau within 5-10 min. It was prevented by the specific antagonist [Sar1,Ala8]angiotensin II. By contrast, stimulation with 12 mM @entity4338 did not change the subcellular distribution of protein kinase C activity. These results suggest that redistribution of protein kinase C represents an early step in the post-receptor activation cascade following angiotensin II, but not @entity972 stimulation of adrenal glomerulosa cells.

title: Angiotensin II but not @entity972 induces subcellular redistribution of protein kinase C in XXXX adrenal glomerulosa cells.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity11502 :: ('MESH:D000804', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin II']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: The prominent role of interleukin (IL)-12 in inflammatory responses, especially in TH1 T cell differentiation, is well established. Moreover, in @entity19 models of tumorigenesis, IL-12 displays remarkable antitumor properties that are mainly mediated by interferon (IFN)-y secretion by CD4+, CD8+ T cells, natural killer (NK) or NK-T cells. Importantly, IL-12 through IFN- y -dependent induction of the antiangiogenic factors @entity15369 and @entity12426 ( @entity12426 ) contributes to @entity5 eradication. Recently, the structurally similar but functionally different cytokines @entity14293 and @entity22385 were discovered and related to the IL-12 family of cytokines. Each of those cytokines has its own specific effects on @entity5 growth. Similarly to IL12p70, antitumor effects of @entity22385 are mediated via the IFN y - @entity15369 / @entity12426 -axis and @entity5 -specific increase of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity. Additionally, @entity22385 itself may mimic the function of IFN- y due to the similarity in usage of JAK/STAT signalling molecules such as @entity16279 . The role of @entity14293 in @entity5 growth to date is controversial. Whether @entity14293 acts pro- or anticancerogenic seems to depend on a critical balance of @entity10433 signalling in both the @entity5 and the immune cellular microenvironment of the @entity5 . At least for solid @entity5 the promising results from preclinical studies of systemic and on-site IL-12-based therapy did not prevail in clinical studies. In future combinatorial approaches using IL-12 together with other cytokines or antiangiogenic molecules have to be evaluated. This review focuses on anticancer effects of the IL-12 family in preclinical and clinical studies with an emphasis on @entity14 .

title: Anticancer properties of the IL-12 family--focus on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12426 :: ('17329(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['MIG', 'monokine induced by gamma interferon']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Natural Killer (NK) cells are a lymphocyte subset actively involved in cytotoxicity against @entity16571 cells; they are a reliable model for the study of neuroendocrine-immune interactions. In previous works we demonstrated that in healthy subjects NK activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and susceptibility to endogenous modifiers display statistically validated circadian rhythms. In @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and in other autoimmune @entity66 of the circadian rhythm of serum @entity701 and altered levels of NK cell activity have been reported. We evaluated the circadian pattern of NK cell activity in 7 hospitalized @entity1 with @entity792 (4 @entity309 , 1 @entity2631 , 2 mixed @entity2597 ). Temporal variations of in vitro responses to either positive recombinant (immune interferon, r @entity379 @entity379 : 650 IU/ml; recombinant @entity1199 , r IL-2 IL-2: 100 IU/ml) or negative ( @entity701 : 10(-6) M) modifiers were also studied. Blood was drawn at 4h intervals for 24 h, starting at 0800. PBMC preparations were immediately separated and incubated for 20h in the presence or absence of modifiers. NK activity was assessed with a direct non-radiometric 4h cytolytic assay, using K 562 cells as targets. Significant circadian variations of spontaneous NK activity were documented only in @entity1 with @entity309 , with a peak in the evening hours and a minimum in the night or in the early morning (p < 0.05, PR 51.5%, phi 1829). Population-mean cosinor analysis did not yield detection of significant circadian variations of in vitro responsiveness to modifiers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Altered circadian rhythms of natural killer (NK) cell activity in XXXX with @entity792 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['connective tissue disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity16571 :: ('MESH:D014412', 'Disease') :: ['tumor-transformed and virus-infected']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']