abstract: STUDY DESIGN:    Retrospective diagnostic feasibility study and clinical review. OBJECTIVES:    To evaluate the feasibility of making an @entity4785 ( @entity4785 ) diagnosis from four radiological measurements of the craniocervical relationship on lateral cervical spine x-rays and to assess the @entity4785 @entity1 ' clinical outcomes relative to their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. METHODS:    The Powers ratio, Wackenheim line, @entity24179 ( @entity24179 ), and the @entity40020 interspinous ratio were measured in 58 pediatric controls and ten MRI-confirmed @entity1 with @entity4785 . The ability to identify the required anatomical landmarks and make the measurements was noted and sensitivity and specificity calculated. The correspondence between the clinical presentation and outcomes for @entity1 with @entity4785 and their MRI features was investigated. RESULTS:    Clear landmarks for measuring interspinous ratio and Wackenheim line were confirmed by all x-rays. The @entity24179 was measureable in 90% and the Powers ratio could be calculated in only possible in 59%. The interspinous ratio and @entity24179 offered high sensitivities and specificity. Although the Wackenheim line was consistantly measured, it conferred a low sensitivity but reasonable specificity. The Powers ratio offered high specificity with low sensitivity. On MRI, all @entity1 with @entity4785 had apical ligament disruption, with a high rate of @entity130 (8/9); prevertebral swelling (7/9); @entity1410 (6/9); and tectorial membrane injury (4/9). The only MRI feature associated with poor outcome was that of altered cord signal. Both @entity1 who died had cord signal changes on T1- and T2-weighted images. The third @entity1 with cord signal change was limited to T2 changes with a normal T1. He had a @entity2244 that resolved. The degree of tectorial membrane injury did not appear to influence outcome. CONCLUSIONS:    The @entity24179 and interspinous ratio offer the best measures for initial x-ray diagnosis of @entity4785 . This will alert the surgeon to the need for MRI. These @entity1 often have a reduced level of consciousness, thus making clinical evaluation difficult. The MRI findings, although apparently indicative of severe abnormality, did not actually correspond to outcomes except for the presence of T1 cord signal changes that matched with severe @entity16 and subsequent death.

title: XXXX : radiographic findings and clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2244 :: ('MESH:C537005', 'Disease') :: ['C5-L3 sensory deficit']

entities_list: @entity4785 :: ('MESH:D004213', 'Disease') :: ['AOD', 'initial atlanto-occipital dissociation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity24179 :: ('MESH:D003719', 'Disease') :: ['basion-dens distance', 'BDD']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['retroclival hematoma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['interspinous ligamentous injury']

answer: @entity4785 :: (MESH:D004213,Disease) :: ['Pediatric atlanto-occipital dissociation']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Large-scale prospective epidemiological data testing the association between physical activity (PA) and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) are scarce, particularly in Europe. The objective was to assess the risk of CVD according to PA levels in adults. METHODS: We included a total of 13 576 @entity1 and 19 416 @entity1 aged 29 to 69 years and participating in the European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition cohort in Spain, recruited between 1992 and 1996 and followed-up until 2006 to ascertain incident CVD events. The validated European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition PA questionnaire was used to assess metabolic equivalent   hours per week dedicated to different types of PA. Hazard ratios of CVD by PA levels were estimated using multivariate Cox regression. Extensive baseline data collected on diet, lifestyle habits, medical history, and anthropometry were available to adjust for. RESULTS: A total of 210 transient @entity63 attacks and 442 @entity64 cases (80% @entity63 , 10% hemorrhagic, 7% @entity510 , and 3% mixed or unspecified) were registered after 12.3 years of mean follow-up. Recreational activity was inversely associated with risk of CVD in @entity1 but not in @entity1 . @entity1 walking for >= 3.5 hours per week were at lower risk of @entity64 than those who did not engage in regular walking. No significant associations were found for other leisure time activities or vigorous PA with CVD in either sex. CONCLUSIONS: Recreational PA of moderate intensity was inversely associated with @entity64 incidence in @entity1 , whereas PA showed no effect on CVD risk in @entity1 . Increasing time dedicated to activities such as walking would be expected to help to reduce the @entity64 burden in @entity1 .

title: Physical activity and risk of XXXX in the European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition-Spain study.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular diseases', 'CVDs']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['cerebrovascular disease']


abstract: 1. Isolated cat kidneys were perfused in situ with Locke solution and @entity916 release in response to @entity3044 was studied. 2. Perfusion with @entity3044 produced a concentration-dependent enhancement of @entity916 secretion. Increasing the concentration of stimulant also prolonged the duration of the secretory response. 3. After a 10 min exposure to @entity3044 (0-3 micrometer), there was a rapid facilitation of @entity916 release which diminished after 10-30 min, followed by a second transient increase which declined over the next 40-60 min. @entity1880 did not prevent augmented release when added together with the @entity3044 but did produce a reversible inhibition of the late phase when added 10 min after the @entity3044 . 4. Omission of @entity460 from the perfusion medium failed to depress the @entity916 release induced by @entity3044 , glucagon, or @entity1483 . However, during prolonged @entity460 deprivation, the @entity1880 -sensitive phase of @entity3044 -evoked release was depressed. 5. The @entity460 antagonist @entity4473 failed to block the early phase of @entity3044 -induced @entity916 secretion but inhibited the late phase of secretion. 6. @entity460 alone elicited an explosive discharge of @entity916 when added after a prolonged period of @entity460 -free perfusion. 7. These results support the view that extracellular @entity460 does not play an essential role in the mechanism of @entity916 secretion from the renal juxtaglomerular cells, but that an increased influx of this cation is needed for synthesis and/or mobilization of the enzyme. It is tentatively proposed that the release of @entity460 from intracellular storage sites may be the signal which triggers @entity916 secretion.

title: The role of @entity460 in XXXX secretion from the isolated perfused cat kidney.

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide', 'Cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity916 :: (5972,Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: @entity1 atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is beneficial for the prophylaxis of @entity810 ( @entity810 ) after liver transplantation (OLT). We evaluated renal function in OLT @entity1 with or without @entity810 , describing cases unresponsive to loop diuretics successfully treated with continuous low-dose ANP infusion without hemodialysis. Twenty-seven consecutive adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantations (LDLTs) were performed in 26 @entity1 . One case was excluded due to the need for continuous hemodialysis (HD) during the operation. Of the 26 cases, 6 (23%, group 2) developed @entity810 in the first 30 days after LDLT; the other 20 were @entity810 -free (group 1). The median follow-up was 24 months. No @entity1 required either continuous or intermittent HD. Only one @entity1 died due to multiple @entity5572 . Mean preoperative serum @entity1011 (sCr) value and intraoperative @entity190 in group 2 were significantly higher than those in group 1. Three cases in group 2 failed to improve on high-dose loop diuretics with low-dose @entity935 , exhibiting @entity1284 . The remaining three cases in group 2 responded to conventional diuretic treatments. Continuous low-dose ANP was started 2, 4, or 5 days after LDLT, and urine output significantly increased after ANP administration. The serum @entity1011 values were 1.1, 1.2, and 1.1 at 1 month and 1.0, 0.9, and 0.6 mg/dL at 6 months after LDLT. Massive @entity190 during the operation caused @entity810 , but did not affect renal function after LDLT. Continuous low-dose ANP improved renal function and diuresis for oliguric @entity810 @entity1 , preventing the need for HD or continuous venovenous hemodialysis.

title: Continuous low-dose @entity1 atrial natriuretic peptide promotes diuresis in oliguric XXXX after living donor liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscesses']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['fluid overload']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In @entity375 cells, of which the intracellular @entity972 had been partly replaced by @entity12310 or @entity12876 , the intracellular ion distribution was studied by means of energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. The cells were rapidly frozen and thin sections were cut at low temperature on a cryo-ultramicrotome without the use of a trough liquid. By this dry cryosectioning procedure, complete retention of the diffusbile ions in the cells was obtained. Unless the sections had been exposed to moisture, no signs of redistribution were apparent. For quantitative determinations a gelatin standard, containing known amounts of the elements of interest, was prepared in the same way as the cells. The concentrations of @entity972 , @entity12310 , @entity12876 and @entity2865 in the nucleus, the cytoplasm and the vacuole could be measured. The intracellular distributions of @entity972 , @entity12310 and @entity12876 were very similar. The concentrations of these ions in the cytoplasm were about equal to those in the nucleus and twice those in the vacuole. The total concentration in the cytoplasm was 180-190 mmol/kg fresh weight, in the nucleus 190-200 mmol/kg fresh weight and in the vacuole 75-90 mmol/kg fresh weight. The permeability of the @entity375 cell for @entity2865 is markedly lower than for the cations.

title: Subcellular localization of diffusible ions in the @entity375 XXXX : quantitative microprobe analysis of thin freeze-dried sections.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: PURPOSE: On the basis of the activity of @entity1311 as a single agent in chemotherapy-naive @entity957 in a prior Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) trial, a phase II study of @entity1311 and @entity900 as first-line therapy was conducted by the GOG. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligibility included @entity1544 not curable by surgery or radiation, measurable disease, WBC count > or = 3,000/microL, platelet count > or = 100, 000/microL, serum @entity1011 > or = 2 mg/100 mL, and adequate hepatic function. The starting dose was @entity1311 135 mg/m(2) infused over 24 hours followed by @entity900 75 mg/m(2) every 21 days. On the basis of @entity137 , a dose escalation of @entity1311 to a maximum dose of 170 mg/m(2)/d was prescribed. RESULTS: Forty-seven @entity1 were enrolled onto this study; 44 @entity1 were assessable for @entity137 and 41 for response. Forty (90.9%) had received prior radiation therapy. A median of six courses of chemotherapy was given (range, one to 10 courses). @entity1398 grade 3 (15.9%) and 4 (61.4%) was the most frequent severe adverse effect and was associated with @entity221 in 13 @entity1 (27.7%). Two @entity1 (4.5%) died from @entity1398 . Grade 4 @entity882 occurred in 6.8% of @entity1 . Of 41 assessable @entity1 , five (12.2%) had complete responses and 14 (34.1%) had partial responses for an overall response rate of 46.3% (95% confidence interval, 30.7% to 62.6%). The median progression-free interval, was 5.4+ months (range, 0.3 to 22+ months) with a median survival of 10.0+ months (range, 0.9 to 22. 2 months). Response was more frequent in @entity1 with disease in nonirradiated sites (70% v 23%, P =.008). CONCLUSION: This regimen seems highly active in advanced and recurrent @entity957 and is currently being evaluated by the GOG in a phase III randomized study comparing the combination of @entity1311 and @entity900 with @entity900 alone.

title: @entity1311 and @entity900 as first-line therapy in recurrent or advanced XXXX : a gynecologic oncology group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia', 'neutropenic sepsis']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix']


abstract: We have analyzed, cytogenetically and by flow DNA cytometry, three @entity1 @entity421 . From one case, both the @entity5 (T9) and three of its serial passages in @entity19 were analyzed. From the two other @entity5 (T1, T4), nude @entity19 xenografts were examined. Complex karyotypic rearrangements were invariably found in the short-term culture preparations. The major clones were hypodiploid in T1 but near-triploid in all other @entity5 samples. No rearrangement common to all @entity5 could be identified. The DNA indexes were 1.0/2.0 (T1), 1.4 (T4), 0.9/1.8 (T9 primary), and 1.7 (all T9 xenografts). Thus, there was good correlation between the DNA indexes and the chromosome numbers. Chromosomal evolution could be studied in one case, in which both the @entity5 (T9) and its xenograft passages (1, 4, and 7), obtained 1, 7, and 11 months after the first transplantation of T9 cells to @entity19 , were analyzed. All but one of the clonal marker chromosomes found in the @entity5 were retained in all passages. On the other hand, several new clonal markers developed.

title: Cytogenetic and quantitative DNA analysis of primary and xenografted @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcomas']


abstract: @entity3444 is a common problem in running sports. This study was undertaken to determine whether iontophoresis of @entity619 in conjunction with other traditional modalities provides more immediate @entity158 relief than traditional modalities alone. Forty affected feet were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Group I feet were treated with traditional modalities and placebo iontophoresis. Group II feet received the traditional modalities plus iontophoresis of @entity619 . Both groups were treated six times over 2 weeks. The subjects' clinical course was assessed using the Maryland Foot Score. At the conclusion of treatment, Group II @entity1 had significantly greater improvement than Group I @entity1 (increase on Maryland Foot Score of 6.8 +/- 5.6 for Group II and 3.1 +/- 4.1 for Group I). However, at followup 1 month after completion of treatment there was no significant difference between groups (increase of 5.6 +/- 8.0 for Group I and 7.4 +/- 6.3 for Group II). These results suggest that although traditional modalities alone are ultimately effective, iontophoresis in conjunction with traditional modalities provides immediate reduction in symptoms. Based on these results, iontophoresis of @entity619 for @entity3444 should be considered when more immediate results are needed (i.e., performance athletes and active @entity1 .

title: Treatment of XXXX by iontophoresis of 0.4% @entity619 . A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity3444 :: ('MESH:D036981', 'Disease') :: ['Plantar fasciitis', 'plantar fasciitis']

answer: @entity3444 :: (MESH:D036981,Disease) :: ['plantar fasciitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity177 aggravates pathological @entity299 induced by @entity583 ( @entity583 ). Cardiac remodelling is associated with @entity3207 , a marker for biological ageing. We investigated whether mild and severe @entity177 shorten cardiac telomeres and excessively shorten telomeres after @entity583 . METHODS: @entity35 were subjected to sham, unilateral (UNX) or 5/6th nephrectomy (5/6NX) to induce none, mild or severe @entity177 . @entity583 was induced by left coronary artery ligation. Renal function parameters and blood pressure were measured. DNA was isolated from non-infarcted cardiac tissue. Telomere length was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: @entity644 was unchanged in UNX and @entity583 compared with control, but strongly increased in 5/6NX, UNX+ @entity583 and 5/6NX+ @entity583 . Serum @entity1011 levels were increased fourfold in 5/6NX and tenfold in 5/6NX+ @entity583 . 5/6NX and groups with both @entity177 and @entity583 showed an approximate 20% reduction of @entity10205 length, similar to the @entity583 group. No excess @entity3207 was observed in hearts from @entity35 with @entity8 after @entity583 . CONCLUSION: @entity177 , but not mild @entity177 , leads to @entity3207 of cardiac telomeres to a similar extent as found after @entity583 . @entity177 did not induce excessive @entity3207 after @entity583 . (Neth Heart J 2009;17:190-4.).

title: @entity177 induces @entity3207 in the XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ablation']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'Renal failure', 'Severe renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening', 'telomere shortening']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac remodelling']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity772 of unknown origin is an emergency caused by a variety of possibly life-threatening pathologies. Although lethality is high, there are currently no generally accepted management guidelines. METHODS: We implemented a new interdisciplinary standard operating procedure (SOP) for @entity1 presenting with @entity772 of unknown origin. It includes a new in-house triage process, a new alert call, a new composition of the clinical response team and a new management algorithm (altogether termed " @entity772 alarm"). It is triggered by two simple criteria to be checked with out-of-hospital emergency response teams before the @entity1 arrives. A neurologist in collaboration with an internal specialist leads the in-hospital team. Collaboration with anaesthesiology, @entity130 surgery and neurosurgery is organised along structured pathways that include standardised laboratory tests and imaging. @entity1 were prospectively enrolled. We calculated response times as well as sensitivity  and false positive rates, thus proportions of over- and undertriaged @entity1 , as quality measures for the implementation in the SOP. RESULTS: During 24  months after implementation, we identified 325 eligible @entity1 . Sensitivity was 60  % initially (months 1-4), then fluctuated between 84 and 94  % (months 5-24). Overtriage never exceeded 15  %  and undertriage could be kept low at a maximum of 11  % after a learning period. We achieved a median door-to-CT time of 20 minutes. 85  % of @entity1 needed subsequent ICU treatment, 40  % of which required specialised neuro-ICUs. DISCUSSION: Our results indicate that our new simple in-house triage criteria may be sufficient to identify eligible @entity1 before arrival. We aimed at ensuring the fastest possible proceedings given high portions of underlying time-sensitive neurological and medical pathologies while using all available resources as purposefully as possible. CONCLUSIONS: Our SOP may provide an appropriate tool for efficient management of @entity1 with @entity772 . Our results justify the assignment of the initial diagnostic workup to neurologists and internal specialists in collaboration with anaesthesiologists.

title: XXXX of unknown origin in the emergency department: implementation of an in-house management routine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['Coma', 'non-traumatic coma', 'coma']

answer: @entity772 :: (MESH:D003128,Disease) :: ['Coma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of the augmentation of levodopa with part-time and full-time occlusion on visual acuity and to determine its late results in @entity4457 . METHODS: Seventy-two @entity1 with @entity4457 were prospectively studied and randomly distributed into groups A, B, and C consisting of 24 @entity1 each. Group A @entity1 received levodopa alone, group B received levodopa and part-time (3 hours/day) occlusion, and group C received levodopa and full-time (during all waking hours) occlusion of the dominant eye. Levodopa 0.50 mg/kg body weight, with a 25% fixed dose combination of @entity11412 , was administered orally three times a day for 7 weeks. Snellen visual acuity and its logMAR equivalent were recorded before treatment, at weeks 1, 3, 5, and 7 after starting treatment, and every 6 weeks for 1 year after the completion of treatment. RESULTS: Fifty-three (74%) of the 72 @entity1 had an improvement in visual acuity after treatment. Forty-four of the 53 @entity1 with improved visual acuities completed 1-year post-treatment follow-up. Twenty-three (52%) of the 44 @entity1 had a regression in visual acuity. CONCLUSION: The augmentation of levodopa with part-time or full-time occlusion does not enhance the recovery of vision in @entity4457 . Improved visual acuity after levodopa administration persists at least 1 year in almost half of @entity1 after cessation of treatment. Addition of full-time occlusion to levodopa helps maintain improved visual acuity for a longer duration compared to levodopa alone or combined with part-time occlusion.

title: Visual acuities after levodopa administration in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11412 :: ('MESH:D002230', 'Chemical') :: ['carbidopa']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity4457 :: (MESH:D000550,Disease) :: ['amblyopia']


abstract: After the age of 5 years, normal @entity1 have but few aerobic gram-negative rods periurethrally. This study examines whether there is an abnormal periurethral colonization in urinary tract @entity281 @entity1 during @entity281 , indicating a defective local defence. In 13 @entity1 with a history of recurrent @entity281 , daily bacterial samples were obtained from the periurethral area and from urine. Sampling continued until an @entity281 eventually occurred. Seven @entity1 contracted a urinary tract @entity281 within 3-30 days. All were heavy colonized with gram-negative rods, often several species, before @entity281 appeared. Serotyping of @entity526 confirmed that it was the colonizing strain which later invaded the bladder. The findings suggest a local defect in the antibacterial defence of @entity281 individuals and gives strong evidence for ascending @entity281 . Six @entity1 remained uninfected during an observation period of 9-123 days. They all had a normal periurethral flora. A reasonable hypothesis would be that the same factor counteracted colonization and @entity281 . Since abnormal periurethral colonization was not a constant phenomenon the postulated defect may vary. This might explain the fact that @entity293 often appear in quick succession, often followed by long @entity281 .

title: The periurethral aerobic flora in @entity1 highly susceptible to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infection-free intervals', 'infection-prone']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary infections']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy and the benefits of the Amplatz Thrombectomy Device (ATD) in acute @entity1031 occlusions of the popliteal artery. @entity1 AND METHODS: 15 @entity1 (mean age 66 years) presenting with acute @entity1031 occlusions of the popliteal artery underwent mechanical thrombolysis with the ATD. The duration of symptoms was 1-22 days, mean length of occlusion was 7 cm (5-10 cm). RESULTS: Mechanical thrombolysis was successfully performed in 14/15 @entity1 . The mean running time of the ATD was 4 minutes. The ATD failed in one @entity1 with a 22-day history of @entity432 . Remaining stenoses after ATD-thrombolysis were treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (n = 3): pulse spray thrombolysis with urokinase was performed in two @entity1 , in one @entity1 @entity1173 with a 5F-catheter was performed to remove a small embolus from the anterior tibial artery. The ankle-brachial-index increased from 0.62 +/- 0.25 to 0.9 +/- 0.15. CONCLUSIONS: The ATD seems to be a safe, simple, and fast-acting mechanical device from mechanical thrombectomy in the lower limbs. No complications were seen.

title: [Mechanical high speed analysis of acute XXXX occlusions of t he popliteal artery. Initial experiences with the Amplatz thrombectomy catheter].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['popliteal artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration thromboembolectomy']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolic']


abstract: The mobility afforded by the wearable Novacor @entity1002 provides the possibility for the recipients to leave the hospital, with undoubted improvements in their quality of life. A staged program for discharging @entity1002 recipients from the hospital has been set up at the Policlinico San Matteo of Pavia together with the Rehabilitation Center of Montescano and Baxter Novacor Service support, in order to proceed smoothly towards @entity1 's self sufficiency and to minimize any associated risk. The steps are: stay in the hospital ward, discharge to Rehabilitation Center and discharge to home. Several excursions with and without an @entity1002 team member are encouraged before final discharge to home. Simple criteria of eligibility must be fulfilled to move to the next step. Every move towards a reduced presence of specialized personnel includes an appropriate training of the @entity1 and relatives and a technical checkout of the needed equipment. During the stay at the Rehabilitation Center primarily the physical training and psychological preparation are taken care of by means of tailored programs. When the @entity1 is discharged to home, the check of @entity1 condition is performed weekly at the Rehab Center, bloodwork and technical evaluation is assessed once every two weeks and technical inspections at home twice per year. Complications are reported as in hospital protocol. Control parameters of the @entity1002 are reported only in case of alarms or abnormal operation. Periodic review of @entity1 training is performed during the check visits, mostly focused on how to address emergency situations. The hospital is responsible for providing one @entity1002 operator available on call (all hours). Up to date, 11 @entity1 received an implant of @entity1002 , 9 of them with the wearable system. All of these 9 @entity1 made excursions out of the hospital and 4 @entity1 have successfully undergone the staged program, showing a satisfactory general condition and restoration to social life.

title: Staged discharge out of hospital of the Novacor @entity1002 ( XXXX ) recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['LVAS']


abstract: Intravascular volume expansion has been successfully employed to promote blood flow in @entity63 brain regions. This effect has been attributed to both @entity551 and increased cardiac output resulting from volume expansion. The physiological mechanism by which changes in cardiac output would affect cerebral blood flow (CBF), independent of blood pressure variations, is unclear, but impaired cerebral autoregulation is believed to play a role. In order to evaluate the relationship between cardiac output and CBF when autoregulation is either intact or defective, 135 simultaneous measurements of cardiac output (thermodilution method) and CBF (by the 133Xe inhalation or intravenous injection method) were performed in 35 severely head-injured @entity1 . In 81 instances, these measurements were performed after manipulation of blood pressure with @entity2647 or Arfonad ( @entity37538 ), or manipulation of blood viscosity with @entity2656 . Autoregulation was found to be intact in 55 of these cases and defective in 26. A wide range of changes in cardiac output occurred after administration of each drug. No correlation existed between the changes in cardiac output and the changes in CBF, regardless of the status of blood pressure autoregulation. A significant (40%) increase in CBF was found after administration of @entity2656 when autoregulation was defective. These data support the hypothesis that, within broad limits, CBF is not related to cardiac output, even when autoregulation is impaired. Thus, the effect of intravascular volume expansion appears to be mediated by @entity551 rather than cardiac output augmentation.

title: Relationship between cardiac output and cerebral blood flow in XXXX with intact and with impaired autoregulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity37538 :: ('MESH:C017774', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethaphan camsylate']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decreased blood viscosity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Sequence analysis of 285 nucleotides located on the variable part of the N gene was undertaken on @entity805 ) samples collected from acutely infected @entity1 in Germany, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Poland, and Russia. Two distinct genotypes ( @entity36704 ) have circulated in Germany between 1993 and 1996. Isolates of genotype C2 were related to strains reported in Germany before 1993. This genotype was also found in the Czech Republic in 1992 and in Denmark in 1997. The occurrence of genotype D6 in Germany is described below for the first time. In 1998, this genotype was identified in Poland. Genotypes @entity36704 were also reported in Spain and in the United Kingdom between 1992 and 1996. Therefore, it is concluded that these genotypes are widely distributed over Europe. The analysis of the isolates from Russia revealed that genotype A was present in 1988 in the European part of the country and in 1996 in Siberia. An isolate identified in 1997 in Siberia belonged to genotype D6, which had never been found previously in Russia. We also analysed MV obtained from a case of subacute @entity8300 ( @entity8300 ) in 1995 in @entity233 . A comparison of this sequence with published sequences implied that this @entity8300 case was associated with a new genetic lineage of MV.

title: Genotyping of XXXX isolates from central Europe and Russia.

entities_list: @entity805 :: ('11234', 'Species') :: ['measles virus (MV']

entities_list: @entity8300 :: ('MESH:D013344', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosing panencephalitis', 'SSPE']

answer: @entity805 :: (11234,Species) :: ['measles virus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Among @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 who have had the disease for 10 years, more than half have focal @entity2681 , and the risk of @entity174 is doubled. However, there is little information about the potential relationship between focal @entity2681 and @entity79 ( @entity79 ). The aim of this study was to determine whether lower @entity79 is associated with higher erosion scores among @entity1 with @entity309 . METHODS: We enrolled 163 postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity309 , none of whom were taking @entity170 medications. @entity1 underwent dual x-ray absorptiometry at the hip and spine and hand radiography, and completed a questionnaire. The hand radiographs were scored using the Sharp method, and the relationship between @entity79 and @entity2681 was measured using Spearman's correlation coefficients and adjusted linear regression models. RESULTS: @entity1 had an average disease duration of 13.7 years, and almost all were taking a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug. Sixty-three percent were rheumatoid factor (RF) positive. The median modified Health Assessment Questionnaire score was 0.7, and the average Disease Activity Score in 28 joints was 3.8. The erosion score was significantly correlated with total hip @entity79 (r=-0.33, P<0.0001), but not with lumbar spine @entity79 (r=-0.09, P=0.27). Hip @entity79 was significantly lower in RF-positive @entity1 versus RF-negative @entity1 (P=0.02). In multivariable models that included age, body mass index, and cumulative oral glucocorticoid dose, neither total hip @entity79 nor lumbar spine @entity79 was significantly associated with focal @entity2681 . CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that hip @entity79 is associated with focal @entity2681 among postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity309 , but that this association disappears after multivariable adjustment. While @entity79 and @entity2681 may be correlated with bone manifestations of @entity309 , their relationship is complex and influenced by other disease-related factors.

title: The relationship between focal @entity2681 and generalized @entity170 in postmenopausal XXXX with @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anterior cutaneous @entity2850 (ACNES) is hardly considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic @entity490 . Some even doubt the existence of such a syndrome and attribute reported successful treatment results to a placebo effect. The objective was to clarify the role of local anaesthetic injection in diagnosing ACNES. The hypothesis was that @entity158 attenuation following @entity3303 injection would be greater than that after saline injection. METHODS: @entity1 aged over 18 years with suspected ACNES were randomized to receive an injection of 10 ml 1 per cent @entity3303 or saline into the point of maximal abdominal wall @entity158 just beneath the anterior fascia of the rectus abdominis muscle. @entity158 was recorded using a visual analogue scale (VAS; 1-100 mm) and a verbal rating scale (VRS; 0, no @entity158 ; 4, severe @entity158 ) during physical examination just before and 15-20 min after injection. A reduction of at least 50 per cent on the VAS and/or 2 points on the VRS was considered a successful response. RESULTS: Between August 2008 and December 2010, 48 @entity1 were randomized equally (7 @entity1 and 41 @entity1 , median age 47 years). Four @entity1 in the saline group reported a successful response compared with 13 in the @entity3303 group (P = 0  007). CONCLUSION: Entrapped branches of intercostal nerves may contribute to the clinical picture in some @entity1 with chronic @entity490 . @entity158 reduction following local infiltration in these @entity1 was based on an anaesthetic mechanism and not on a placebo or a mechanical (volume) effect. REGISTRATION NUMBER: NTR2016 (Nederlands Trial Register; http://www.trialregister.nl).

title: Randomized clinical trial of trigger point infiltration with XXXX to diagnose anterior cutaneous @entity2850 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['nerve entrapment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: KEY POINTS: Neurons in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body of anaesthetized @entity35 of postnatal day (P)2-6 showed burst firing with a preferred interval of about 100  ms, which was stable, and a second preferred interval of 5-30  ms, which shortened during development. In 3 out of 132 cases, evidence for the presence of two large inputs was found. In vivo whole-cell recordings revealed that the excitability of the principal neuron and the size of its largest synaptic inputs were developmentally matched. At P2-4, action potentials were triggered by barrages of small synaptic events that summated to plateau potentials, while at later stages firing depended on a single, large and often prespike-associated input, which is probably the nascent calyx of Held. Simulations with a Hodgkin-Huxley-like model, which was based on fits of the intrinsic postsynaptic properties, suggested an essential role for the low-threshold @entity972 conductance in this transition. ABSTRACT: In the adult, principal neurons of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) are typically contacted by a single, giant terminal called the calyx of Held, whereas during early development a principal neuron receives inputs from many axons. How these changes in innervation impact the postsynaptic activity has not yet been studied in vivo. We therefore recorded spontaneous inputs and intrinsic properties of principal neurons in anaesthetized @entity35 pups during the developmental period in which the calyx forms. A characteristic bursting pattern could already be observed at postnatal day (P)2, before formation of the calyx. At this age, action potentials (APs) were triggered by barrages of summating EPSPs causing plateau depolarizations. In contrast, at P5, a single EPSP reliably triggered APs, resulting in a close match between pre- and postsynaptic firing. Postsynaptic excitability and the size of the largest synaptic events were developmentally matched. The developmental changes in intrinsic properties were estimated by fitting in vivo current injections to a Hodgkin-Huxley-type model of the principal neuron. Our simulations indicated that the developmental increases in Ih , low-threshold @entity3529 channels and leak currents contributed to the reduction in postsynaptic excitability, but that low-threshold @entity3529 channels specifically functioned as a dampening influence in the near-threshold range, thus precluding small inputs from triggering APs. Together, these coincident changes help to propagate bursting activity along the auditory brainstem, and are essential steps towards establishing the relay function of the calyx of Held synapse.

title: In vivo matching of postsynaptic excitability with spontaneous synaptic inputs during formation of the XXXX calyx of Held synapse.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Linear microwave ablation has been shown to be effective for treatment of @entity955 during open-heart surgery by producing transmural lesions in the atrium to isolate the pulmonary veins. However, the safety and efficacy of percutaneous, transcatheter, linear microwave ablation for @entity943 , while demonstrated in animal models, is unknown in @entity1 . Therefore, we studied the safety and efficacy of linear microwave ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) in @entity1 with typical @entity956 , utilizing a 2-cm long microwave antenna mounted on a steerable 9-French catheter. METHODS AND RESULTS: In seven consecutive @entity1 , multielectrode catheters were positioned at the His bundle (quadripolar) and around the TV annulus (duo-decapolar) for pacing and recording atrial activation sequence before and after ablation. The microwave antenna was withdrawn gradually from tricuspid annulus towards inferior vena cava to ablate the CTI. Intracardiac ultrasound was used to ensure adequate endocardial contact of the microwave ablation catheter with the CTI. Microwave energy was applied at a power of 18 to 21 W at each ablation point for 120 seconds. Ablation was repeated until bidirectional CTI block was confirmed by demonstrating a descending activation wavefront in the contralateral atrial wall during pacing from the coronary sinus ostium or low lateral right atrium, respectively. Bidirectional isthmus block was achieved in all @entity1 , after a mean number of 27.4 +/- 14.7 energy applications per @entity1 . There were no acute procedural complications. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous, transcatheter microwave ablation of CTI dependent @entity956 was demonstrated to be safe and effective in this preliminary feasibility study.

title: Preliminary results with percutaneous transcatheter microwave ablation of typical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['atrial flutter']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between estimated GFR (eGFR) and all-cause mortality, including the contribution of temporal eGFR changes, in well-characterised community-based @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . DESIGN: Longitudinal observational study. METHODS: @entity1 from the Fremantle @entity6 Study Phase 1 were assessed between 1993 and 1996 and followed until end-December 2012. Cox proportional hazards modelling was used to assess the relationship between baseline eGFR category (Stage 1-5) and all-cause @entity204 , and between eGFR trajectories assigned by semiparametric group-based modelling (GBM) and all-cause @entity204 in @entity1 with five post-baseline annual eGFR measurements. RESULTS: In the full cohort (1296 @entity1 ; mean  s.d. age 64.1  11.3years, 48.6% males), 738 (56.9%) died during 12.9  6.1years of follow-up. There was a U-shaped relationship between all-cause @entity204 and eGFR category. With Stage 3 (45-59mL/min/1.73m(2)) as reference, the strongest association was for eGFR >= 90mL/min/1.73m(2) (hazard ratio (95% CI) 2.01 (1.52-2.66); P<0.001). GBM identified four linear trajectories ('low', 'medium', 'high', 'high/declining') in 532 @entity1 with serial eGFR measurements. With medium trajectory as reference, eGFR trajectory displaced baseline eGFR category as an independent predictor of @entity204 , with low and high/declining trajectories associated with more than double the risk (2.03 (1.30-3.18) and 2.24 (1.31-3.83) respectively, P<= 0.003) and associated median reductions in survival of 6.5 and 8.7years respectively. CONCLUSION: There is a nonlinear relationship between eGFR and @entity204 in @entity164 2 @entity6 , which is at least partially explained by a sub-group of @entity1 with an initially high but then rapidly declining eGFR.

title: The relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate trajectory and all-cause mortality in @entity164 2 XXXX : the Fremantle @entity6 Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: From 1980 to 1995, we experienced 20 cases of surgical repair for left @entity7086 complicating acute @entity583 . These were divided into three types based on their clinical symptoms; 10 of the sudden blowout type, 4 of the rapid blowout type and 6 of the oozing type. In the rapid type, unconsciousness following the onset of the blowout @entity397 was restored by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or pericardiocentesis. Seven out 20 cases (35%) survived. In the sudden blowout type, only one case treated by using the pericardial patch gluing technique without cardiopulmonary bypass survived. Three out of 4 cases (75%) of the rapid blow out type survived. Three out 6 cases (50%) of the oozing type survived. The causes of @entity204 were classified as table @entity204 for 5 cases, LOS for 1 case, and @entity1620 for 3 cases of the 9 fatal cases of the sudden blowout type. Hemostasis was very difficult in 1 case of the rapid type. The 3 cases of the oozing type died respectively of LOS, @entity1620 and @entity55 after surgery. Pericardiocentesis or subxyphoid drainage was performed preceding the repair of the @entity397 in 4 cases of the rapid blowout, and in 5 cases of the oozing type. However, re- @entity397 occurred in 2 cases of the rapid type and in 2 cases of the oozing type. In 7 cases in whom pericardial patch gluing technique was applied, a procedure in use since 1990, all cases were safely weaned from CPB, with 4 cases out of 7 (57%) surviving. Meanwhile, in 13 cases in which infarctectomy and myocardiography was carried out, 5 cases (38%) could not be weaned from CPB. Three cases (23%) survived after infarctectomy and myocardiography. Even some cases of blowout @entity397 were able to survive as long as blood pressure was elevated and @entity1662 was restored by CPR or pericardiocentesis as in cases of the rapid type. The pericardial patch gluing technique at the @entity1188 site proved to be an effective procedure.

title: [Surgical result of left XXXX complicating acute @entity583 ].

entities_list: @entity7086 :: ('MESH:D006341', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular free wall rupture']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1620 :: ('MESH:D001926', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral death']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness']

answer: @entity7086 :: (MESH:D006341,Disease) :: ['ventricular free wall rupture']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate whether quantitative and qualitative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging assessments after @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) correlate with @entity1 neurologic status and are predictive of outcome at long-term follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 100 @entity1 (79 male, 21 female; mean age, 45 years; age range, 17-96 years) with traumatic cervical @entity1566 . Ethics committee approval and informed consent were obtained. The American @entity3510 Association (ASIA) motor score was used as the outcome measure at admission and follow-up. The ASIA impairment scale was used to classify @entity1 according to injury severity. Three quantitative (maximum @entity1745 [MSCC], @entity8782 [ @entity8782 ], and lesion length) and six qualitative ( @entity548 , @entity4 , @entity4 , soft-tissue injury [STI], canal @entity850 , and disk herniation) imaging parameters were studied. Data were analyzed by using the Fisher exact test, the Mantel-Haenszel chi(2) test, analysis of variance, analysis of covariance, and stepwise multivariable linear regression. RESULTS: @entity1 with complete motor and sensory SCIs had more substantial @entity8782 (P=.005), MSCC (P=.002), and lesion length (P=.005) than did @entity1 with incomplete SCIs and those with no SCIs. @entity1 with complete SCIs also had higher frequencies of @entity548 (P<.001), @entity4 (P<.001), @entity4 (P=.001), @entity850 (P=.01), and STI (P=.001). @entity8782 (P=.012), MSCC (P=.014), and @entity4 (P<.001) correlated with baseline ASIA motor scores. MSCC (P=.028), @entity548 (P<.001), and @entity4 (P=.029) were predictive of the neurologic outcome at follow-up. @entity548 (P<.001) and @entity4 (P=.002) correlated significantly with follow-up ASIA score after controlling for the baseline neurologic assessment. CONCLUSION: MSCC, @entity548 , and @entity4 are associated with a poor prognosis for neurologic recovery. Extent of MSCC is more reliable than presence of canal @entity850 for predicting the neurologic outcome after @entity1566 .

title: Acute cervical traumatic @entity1566 : MR imaging findings correlated with neurologic outcome--prospective study with 100 consecutive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'spinal cord hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhage', 'intramedullary hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity8782 :: ('MESH:D056735', 'Disease') :: ['maximum canal compromise', 'MCC']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'cord swelling']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Five unusual @entity1263 of a type originally described by Garr   in 1892 are reported. Each showed unique foci of glandular differentiation. Foci of cartilage were seen in two cases, one of which also showed osteoid. Three of the @entity1 had @entity1264 . All but one of the cases showed glands lined by nonciliated cuboidal and/or pseudostratified columnar epithelium bearing clear cytoplasm and demonstrating @entity3558 production. Goblet cells were formed in two cases. While the glandular components appeared malignant in none of the @entity5 , the spindle-cell element in four of five cases was considered histologically malignant. Three of the @entity1 died with clinical evidence of recurrent or metastatic disease. The first reported examples of this @entity5 also arose in @entity1 with @entity1264 . Data from our five cases and two cases in the literature indicate that @entity808 are potentially @entity5 with a wide survival span. Follow-up showed that of seven @entity1 , four died with clinical evidence of disease within 7 months to 10 years of their diagnosis. The remaining three were @entity66 after 4, 5 and 10 1/2 years. Outcome in a given case is probably related to the degree of malignant change demonstrated by the spindle-cell component of the @entity5 .

title: @entity1263 showing glandular differentiation ( XXXX )

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['glandular schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity1263 :: ('MESH:D010524', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve tumors']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['alive and free of disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ["von Recklinghausen's disease"]

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['glandular schwannomas']


abstract: Two cases of facial @entity808 successfully treated with gamma knife radiosurgery are reported. Case 1, a 33-year-old female, developed a right-sided hemifacial @entity2473 about five years ago. Then she suffered gradual progression of right-sided @entity3541 , @entity2342 and reduction of lacrimation, but she had no hearing disturbance. T1-weighted MRI with @entity7241 showed a well-circumscribed @entity5 at the geniculate ganglion extending to the middle cranial fossa. The @entity5 was treated with gamma knife radiosurgery which reduced its size, but didn't reduce the @entity1 's @entity3541 . Case 2, a 36-year-old female, presented with fluctuating @entity3541 and @entity1274 lasting for fourteen years. T1-weighted enhanced MRI showed a well-enhanced @entity5 at the CP angle extending to the middle cranial fossa. The @entity5 was treated with gamma knife radiosurgery, which caused central @entity5 @entity39 , but didn't reduce the @entity5 size. Meanwhile the @entity1 's @entity3541 improved. Gamma knife radiosurgery is apparently effective against @entity808 without producing serious complications such as @entity3541 and @entity393 . Our study indicates that gamma knife radiosurgery is a useful therapeutic alternative for @entity808 .

title: [Two cases of facial XXXX successfully treated with gamma knife radiosurgery].

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['facial neurinomas', 'neurinoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium DTPA']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['complete facial palsy', 'facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity2342 :: ('MESH:D004408', 'Disease') :: ['dysgeusia']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['neurinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Head, face, and @entity9389 (HFNI) occur during animal-related @entity130 . We compared @entity1 with HFNI and without HFNI after animal-related injuries to determine the significance of these injuries. METHODS: Retrospective review of admissions for animal injuries between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 1995, by age, gender, mechanism, animal, Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score, Injury Severity Score (ISS), @entity130 Severity score for head and neck ( @entity1984 Head/Neck), @entity1984 score for face ( @entity1984 Face), intensive care unit stay, hospitalization length, morbidity, and mortality. RESULTS: There were 153 admissions: 61 HFNI and 92 no HFNI. Significant differences occurred in gender, animal, activity, GCS, and ISS. HFNI had higher @entity1984 Head/Neck, @entity1984 Face, and mortality. HFNI were from @entity1641 in 87% and occurred during recreation in 89%; 39% of @entity1 with HFNI were 18 years or younger. CONCLUSION: HFNI occur in females and young @entity1 and produce lower GCS score, higher ISS, higher @entity1984 Head/Neck, higher @entity1984 Face, and higher mortality. Most occur during recreational horseback riding. Protective headgear should be mandated.

title: Head, face, and neck XXXX from large animal injury in New Mexico.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity9389 :: ('MESH:D019838', 'Disease') :: ['neck injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Abbreviated Injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The @entity1 major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related antigen A, B ( @entity25927 , B) are believed to be "cell stress sensors," which encode stress-inducible surface proteins that bind to @entity3223 , an activating receptor of NK, alpha beta and gamma delta T cells. While @entity205 ( @entity870 ) has improved @entity1 and graft survival rates following solid organ transplantation, its clinical use is often limited by acute and chronic @entity137 . Besides @entity63 -reperfusion injury, which could up-regulate the expression of MIC, the @entity137 of @entity870 may also be another violent stress factor. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether @entity870 can affect the expression of MIC. METHODS: Various doses of @entity870 (5 or 20 microg/mL) was added to cultured @entity1 hepatocytes for 1, 3, 5, 8, or 24 hours. The expression of MIC was measured by immunofluorescence using a laser scanning confocal microscope. RESULTS: @entity870 (5 or 20 microg/mL) upregulated MIC protein expression in hepatocytes at 1 hour, peaking at 3 hours, and persisting until 5 hours (P < .05), returning to normal levels after 8 to 24 hours (P > .05). CONCLUSION: This study reported that @entity870 up-regulated MIC expression on @entity1 hepatocytes. MIC, as a "cellular stress biomarker," may play a significant role in activating NK, T, and B lymphocyte responses associated with transplantation. This study suggested that immunosuppressants produce deterioration in organ function in transplantation.

title: Effect of @entity205 on expression of MIC in XXXX hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity1131 ( @entity1131 ) deposition was investigated in the frontal cortex of 54 autopsy cases of @entity747 ( @entity747 ) using @entity1332 staining, and immunohistochemistry employing the monoclonal end-specific antibodies BC05 and BA27 to visualize deposits containing @entity1131 (42(43)) and @entity1131 (40), respectively. @entity1131 was detected in 14 (26%) @entity1 , nearly always in the form of diffuse @entity1131 (42(43)) containing plaques though some cored, @entity527 with trace amounts of @entity1131 (40) were occasionally seen. The 14 @entity1 showing @entity1131 deposits were significantly older at onset of illness than those 40 @entity1 without @entity1131 . It was only possible to genotype 46/54 cases, 16 of whom bore at least one copy of the @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) epsilon4 allele, giving an allele frequency of 20%. Possession of @entity2204 epsilon4 allele was significantly associated with deposition of @entity1131 such that 10/16 epsilon4 allele bearers had @entity1131 deposits. Eight of these ten @entity1 showed only mild to moderate amounts of @entity1131 , but in two @entity1 , one homozygous and one heterozygous for epsilon4 allele, there was extensive @entity527 and @entity3072 formation. In contrast, only few non-epsilon4 allele bearers (4/30) showed minor @entity1131 deposits. When stratifying for @entity2204 epsilon4 allele, both bearers and non-bearers of epsilon4 allele with @entity1131 deposits had a significantly later age at onset than their respective groups without @entity1131 deposits. We conclude that the likelihood of @entity1131 deposition, as a secondary and coincidental feature unrelated to the primary pathological process, within the brains of individuals with @entity747 will be high if @entity1 have a sufficiently late onset of illness or happen to be a bearer of the @entity2204 epsilon4 allele. Indeed 9/14 @entity1 with @entity1131 deposits studied here had an onset of illness after 55 years of age and bore @entity2204 epsilon4 allele.

title: @entity527 in @entity1 with @entity747 : relationship to age and XXXX genotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['neuritic plaque', 'neuritic plaques']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['APOE', 'Apolipoprotein E']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['Amyloid beta protein', 'Abeta']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary tangle']

entities_list: @entity747 :: ('MESH:D057174', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal lobar degeneration', 'FTLD']

entities_list: @entity1332 :: ('MESH:D008709', 'Chemical') :: ['methenamine silver']

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein E']


abstract: @entity267 is a load-bearing tissue whose mechanical and viscoelastic characteristics are not well understood, due to the challenge associated with most of the measurements. A novel indentation technique has been developed for mechanical characterization of @entity1 and porcine corneal tissue, using a tailored depth-sensing microindentation instrument. During indentation, the corneas were suspended by clamping the edges of the @entity267 , thus allowing depth-sensing measurement free from the complication of the backing substrate. The deformation displacement and the amount of force applied by the indenter were used to obtain hysteresis and stress relaxation data for both @entity1 and porcine corneas. Optical coherence tomography was used to measure the thickness of the @entity267 . Simple theoretical analyses have been undertaken to explain the loading-unloading and the stress relaxation data. The effect of swelling on the mechanical properties of the @entity267 was also examined. Porcine corneas appeared to be less stiff and to demonstrate more linear response than @entity1 corneas under loading. More importantly, it is shown that swelling reduced the strength of the corneas. Our results demonstrate that this new indentation system can be used to characterize the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of corneas.

title: An indentation technique to characterize the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of XXXX and porcine corneas.

entities_list: @entity267 :: ('MESH:D065306', 'Disease') :: ['cornea', 'Cornea']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Continuous perineural blocks are increasingly popular for @entity282 control. While the reported incidence of @entity1109 has been low, the experience of the lead author suggested it may be much higher. The objectives of this study were to elucidate the incidence of @entity1 -reported @entity1109 following continuous popliteal block (CPB) for @entity282 control in @entity1 undergoing foot and ankle surgery, to characterize these symptoms and to identify preoperative risk factors. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of 147 surgical @entity1 undergoing significant foot and ankle procedures was carried out. @entity1 were followed for 8 months post-surgery. Preoperative/perioperative questionnaires were completed by anesthesiologists. @entity1 completed questionnaires at 2, 6, 14, and 34 weeks. Multivariable logistic regression analysis using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) was used to examine risk factors for @entity16 . RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity1109 at 2 weeks was 41% (95% CI, 33% to 49%) decreasing to 24% (95% CI, 15.4% to 32.5%) at 34 weeks. Multivariable analyses revealed that tourniquet placement, tourniquet time, use of prophylactic antibiotics, type of anesthesia, level of training in anesthesiology, @entity1 history of @entity1118 and @entity1 age were not significantly associated with @entity16 . Smokers were more likely to report @entity1109 (adjusted OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 0.96 to 5.33). CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity1109 may be much higher than previously reported. Smoking may be a risk factor for the development of @entity1109 .

title: XXXX following continuous popliteal block after foot and ankle surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1109 :: (MESH:D012678,Disease) :: ['Neuropathic symptoms']


abstract: A prospective study of the clinical characteristics and evolutionary patterns of 59 cases of late @entity340 (LPVE) that occurred between January 1975 and December 1994 was performed. Of these 59 cases of LPVE, 48 involved mechanical valves and 11 involved biological valves. Etiologies were as follows: streptococci, 41% of cases; staphylococci, 25%; enterococci, 13%; and miscellaneous, 21%. Echocardiography documented vegetations in 21 @entity1 , @entity733 in 10, and prosthetic leaks in 34. Emboli occurred in 22 @entity1 , and @entity712 in 19 @entity1 . Forty-two @entity1 received medical treatment alone, and 17 received medical treatment and underwent valve replacement surgery. The in-hospital mortality rate was 25%; @entity1793 caused 67% of deaths, @entity883 caused 5%, and other etiologies caused 23% (P = .0004). After adjustment for age and type of prosthesis, multiple logistic regression revealed an odds ratio for @entity204 due to nonstreptococcal infections of 9.67. The overall survival rate was 59% at 5 years and 52% at 10 years. During follow-up, 17 @entity1 needed new valves. At the end of follow-up, only 13 @entity1 remained alive and had the same prosthesis that they had at the time of the diagnosis of LPVE.

title: Clinical outcome and long-term prognosis of late XXXX : a 20-year experience.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['paravalvular abscesses']

entities_list: @entity1793 :: ('MESH:D013203', 'Disease') :: ['staphylococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic valve endocarditis']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['prosthetic valve endocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Dyspepsia is a common complaint that may signal the presence of diseases like @entity5 or peptic @entity1066 . The aim of our study was to assess if the clinical patterns of @entity2210 can be considered a valid guideline for the appropriate use of endoscopy. METHODS: According to the symptomatological patterns, our 243 @entity1 were defined as sufferers from: @entity1066 -like (93 @entity1 ), reflux-like (25) and dismotility-like @entity2210 (125). @entity3621 and erosive @entity9317 were regarded as minor inflammatory lesions. RESULTS: A negative endoscopy (normal or presenting minor inflammatory lesions) was found in 36.6% of @entity1066 -like @entity2210 @entity1 : this rate was 52% in the reflux-like group, and 49.6% in the dismotility-like one. Duodenal @entity1066 was the most frequent abnormal lesion in the three groups. The frequency of negative endoscopies was significantly higher in dismotility-like than in @entity1066 -like (49.6% vs. 36.6%--P < 0.05) @entity2210 . In those @entity1 with dismotility-like @entity2210 under 41 years, the rate of negative endoscopies was 72.7%, and @entity5 were not observed. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that endoscopy could be considered inappropriate for @entity1 under 41 years old with dismotility-like @entity2210 . These subjects account for 18.1% of the @entity1 studied, what could lead to a good percentage of reduction in endoscopic service load.

title: [Use of the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in dyspeptic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['Erosive gastritis']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity9317 :: ('MESH:D004382', 'Disease') :: ['duodenitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is an increasing trend to treating @entity432 with intravenous-inter-arterial (IV-IA) thrombolysis. The best dose of IV tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) remains undetermined. We compared the combination of full-dose IV recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) and IA thrombolytic therapy to IA therapy. METHODS: Between 2002 and 2009, we reviewed our computed tomographic angiography database for @entity1 who received full-dose intravenous rtPA and endovascular therapy or endovascular therapy alone for acute @entity64 treatment. Details of demographics, risk factors, endovascular procedure, and symptomatic @entity932 were noted. Modified Rankin Scale  <=2 at three-months was used as good outcome. Recanalization was defined as Thrombolysis in @entity296 2-3 flow on angiography. RESULTS: Among 157 @entity1 , 104 @entity1 received IV-IA treatment and 53 @entity1 underwent direct IA therapy. There was a higher recanalization rate with IV-IA therapy compared with IA alone (71% vs. 60%, P   <   0  21) which was driven by early recanalization after IV rtPA. Mortality and independent outcome were comparable between the two groups. Symptomatic @entity932 occurred in 8% of @entity1 (12% in the IA group, 7% in the IV-IA group) but was more frequent as the intensity of intervention increased from device alone to thrombolytic drug alone to device plus thrombolytic drug(s). Recanalization was a strong predictor of reduced mortality risk ratio (RR) 0  48 confidence interval95 0  27-0  84) and favourable outcome (RR 2  14 confidence interval95 1  3-3  5). CONCLUSIONS: Combined IV-IA therapy with full-dose intravenous rtPA was safe and results in good recanalization rates without excess symptomatic @entity932 . Testing of full-dose IV tPA followed by endovascular treatment in the IMS3 trial is justified.

title: Combined full-dose IV and endovascular thrombolysis in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['proximal vessel occlusions']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['ischaemic stroke']


abstract: Adipose tissue provides an important extragonadal source of @entity172 . Obesity-associated elevation of @entity172 production increases risk of @entity0 in postmenopausal @entity1 . Aromatase ( @entity4819 ), which converts @entity342 to @entity172 , is a key enzyme in @entity172 biosynthesis. In normal adipose tissue, transcription of the aromatase gene is initiated from a relatively weak adipose-specific promoter (I.4). However, in @entity0 , a switch of promoter utilization from I.4 to a strong ovary-specific promoter, PII, leads to increased aromatase expression and, hence, elevated @entity172 production. Here, we report an intriguing relationship between the @entity0 susceptibility gene @entity5345 and aromatase expression in @entity1 adipose stromal cells (ASCs). Upon stimulation by @entity4621 or @entity619 , increased aromatase expression in ASCs was accompanied by significant reduction of the @entity5345 level. In addition, adipogenesis-induced aromatase expression was also inversely correlated with @entity5345 abundance. Downregulation of @entity5345 expression in response to various stimuli was through distinct transcription or posttranscription mechanisms. Importantly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of @entity5345 led to specific activation of the @entity0 -associated PII promoter. Therefore, in addition to its well-characterized activities in breast epithelial cells, a role of @entity5345 in modulation of @entity172 biosynthesis in ASCs may also contribute to its tissue-specific @entity5 suppressor function.

title: Tumor suppressor XXXX inhibits a @entity0 -associated promoter of the aromatase gene ( @entity4819 ) in @entity1 adipose stromal cells.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite evidence that uncomplicated lower @entity1729 (cough) does not respond appreciably to antibiotics and that bacterial resistance is increasing, general practitioners (GPs) still prescribe frequently. AIM: To assess delayed antibiotic prescribing as a strategy for reducing the unnecessary use of antibiotics for cough in primary care. DESIGN OF STUDY: Open randomised controlled trial of delayed versus immediate prescribing of antibiotics. SETTING: One hundred and ninety-one adult @entity1 with uncomplicated cough in 22 Scottish practices who would have received antibiotics under the GP's usual practice were randomised to receive either an immediate prescription (92 @entity1 ) or a delayed prescription (99 @entity1 ). METHOD: Delayed subjects were asked to wait a week before deciding whether to collect their prescription. Outcome measures included symptom duration, prescription uptake, @entity1 satisfaction, @entity1 enablement, and subsequent consultation rates. The 48 GPs who recruited @entity1 were surveyed six months after the trial to see whether they used delayed prescribing as a part of their normal practice. RESULTS: Study and control groups were similar at baseline. Of the subjects in the delayed arm, 55% did not pick up their prescription. Although most @entity1 were satisfied, more @entity1 in the immediate arm were very satisfied with the treatment (P = 0.001) and the consultation (P = 0.03). The @entity1 in the immediate arm were also more enabled (3.3 versus 2.4; P = 0.04), although more of them intended to consult for similar complaints in the future (85% versus 69%, P = 0.02). We were unable to detect any difference in actual consulting behaviour in the follow-up period (mean = 15 months [SD = 5 months]). Subsequently, 68% of GPs used delayed prescribing at least monthly; all gave the prescription to the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Delayed prescribing is effective at reducing the use of antibiotics for self-limiting cough; however, @entity1 are less satisfied and enabled as a result. @entity1 may be deterred from consulting rather than becoming enabled.

title: A randomised controlled trial of delayed antibiotic prescribing as a strategy for managing uncomplicated XXXX in primary care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infection']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory tract infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An association between lithoptysis and @entity910 ( @entity910 ) has not been previously reported. However, reports of lithoptysis from 2 older @entity1 (>60 yr) prompted a study of this association. METHODS: We performed a prospective study of all @entity910 @entity1 presenting to our institution between August 2003 and March 2006, seeking the symptom of lithoptysis or @entity460 deposition on radiology. A retrospective analysis of all @entity910 @entity1 presenting prior to August 2003 was also performed. @entity1 age > or = 40 previously reviewed were recontacted. If a history of lithoptysis or @entity460 deposition was present, we further reviewed radiographic, microbiologic, and biochemical data, including serum @entity460 and @entity1391 . Broncholiths were analyzed by light and electron microscopy- and electron-dispersive X-ray analysis. RESULTS: In total, 142 @entity1 (n=28 age > or = 40) were included, 41 in the prospective and 91 in the retrospective study. Lithoptysis was reported in 5 @entity1 (all age > or = 40). Chest CT scans identified @entity730 (4/5), involving bronchiectatic airways in 3 @entity1 and focal nodular @entity730 in 1 @entity1 . Two other @entity1 (age 46, 59) were identified with airway @entity730 without lithoptysis. Available broncholiths from 2 of these @entity1 were composed of calcite, whereas a broncholith from 1 @entity1 with focal nodular @entity730 contained @entity78 . Sputum was positive for @entity796 in all 7 @entity1 , but negative for @entity364 . CONCLUSION: There is an association between lithoptysis and @entity910 in @entity1 age > or = 40. We hypothesize that calcite stone formation is a biomineralization response to chronic airway inflammation and retention of infected airway secretions in @entity910 in a subset of @entity910 @entity1 .

title: @entity460 stone lithoptysis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'primary ciliary dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['mycobacterial and fungal cultures']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity910 :: (MESH:D004409,Disease) :: ['primary ciliary dyskinesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Solid-cystic @entity5 (SCPT) is a rare type of @entity788 with low grade of @entity5 . Its diagnosis and treatment remain controversial. This study was to discuss the diagnosis criteria and treatment strategy of SCPT. METHODS: Clinical data, including general history, medical history, treatment history and treatment outcome, of 9 SCPT @entity1 , treated in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from Jan. 1997 to Feb. 2005, were analyzed retrospectively, and the related literature was reviewed to summarize the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of SCPT. RESULTS: Among the 9 @entity1 , 7 (77.8%) were @entity1 under 44 years old. The laboratory tests of liver function, serum amylase, and @entity787 , CA199 were normal. The accurate diagnosis rate of ultrasound was 22.2%, while that of CT was 77.8%. Most @entity1 received local resection of the @entity5 . All @entity1 were followed-up till Oct. 2005 and no @entity3 was detected. CONCLUSIONS: SCPT is a @entity395 with good prognosis. It occurs mainly in young @entity1 . In spite of unspecific laboratory tests, CT and fine needle aspiration method are useful to diagnose the disease. Based on literatures, operation could achieve satisfactory efficacy for SCPT @entity1 .

title: [Clinical analysis of 9 cases of solid-cystic XXXX with literature review].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas']


abstract: This study aims to assess in residual periodontal pockets the clinical, microbiological, and local biological effects of antimicrobial @entity34 ( @entity34 ), delivered after ultrasonic instrumentation either once or twice in a 1-week interval. A single center, three-arm randomized longitudinal study was carried out for 6  months. Twenty-eight systemically healthy @entity1 on periodontal maintenance with residual pockets ( @entity5951 ( @entity5951 ) >= 5  mm, clinical attachment loss >= 2  mm, and @entity548 upon probing (BOP+)) were included. Residual pockets on three teeth, separated from each other by at least two other teeth, served as study sites. After ultrasonic debridement, they were randomly assigned to either @entity34 delivered twice within 1  week (group A), @entity34 delivered only once (group B), or sham treatment without activating the laser (group C). @entity6693 was applied with a blunt irrigator tip into the pockets. Sites were irradiated with laser light at a wavelength of 670  nm using a light-diffusing tip introduced into the pocket. Initial @entity5951 was 5.9        0.9, 6.3        1.3, and 6.3        1.5  mm in groups A, B, and C, respectively, differences being nonsignificant. @entity5951 was significantly reduced in all groups. At month 3, @entity5951 was significantly lower in groups A (2.9        1.1  mm; p   =   0.04) and B (2.8        1.1  mm; p   =   0.03) compared to group C (3.5        1.2  mm). At month 6, none of the sites in group A had persisting pockets @entity5951 >4  mm and BOP+, whereas two sites in group B and four sites in group C stayed in this category. Detection frequencies of the studied microorganisms at >1,000 and >100.000  cells/ml did not change significantly from baseline to months 3 or 6 in any group. A significant overall decrease was observed from baseline to month 6 for @entity1851 , serum amyloid A, @entity2002 , @entity1904 , and a-2 macroglobulin. When looking at the groups separately, @entity1851 was significantly lower only if the laser had been activated twice (p   <   0.05). Other differences between groups were not significant. A single or double episodes of @entity34 had some additional benefit over ultrasonic instrumentation alone.

title: Single or repeated antimicrobial XXXX as adjunct to ultrasonic debridement in residual periodontal pockets: clinical, microbiological, and local biological effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity5951 :: ('MESH:D005888', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'pocket depth']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['photodynamic therapy', 'PDT']

answer: @entity34 :: (MESH:D016609,Disease) :: ['photodynamic therapy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review our 12 year experience with civilian penetrating scrotal @entity130 and to evaluate the diagnostic utility of scrotal ultrasound prior to operative intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied all @entity1 who had sustained penetrating scrotal @entity130 between 2002 and 2014. Charts were reviewed for demographic data, mechanism of injury, scrotal ultrasound findings, @entity1 treatment, and outcomes. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of scrotal ultrasound in relation to scrotal exploration findings were calculated. RESULTS: We reviewed the charts of 91 @entity1 who had sustained penetrating @entity130 between 2002 and 2012. A total of 28 charts were excluded due to death from other @entity130 or incomplete information. Of the remaining 63 @entity1 , 25 (40%) underwent immediate surgical intervention while 38 (60%) underwent scrotal ultrasound. Sixteen @entity1 had a positive ultrasound, of which 12 (80%) were found to have testicular @entity130 upon scrotal exploration. Of the 22 @entity1 with a negative ultrasound, 14 were managed expectantly and 8 underwent exploration, all of which (100%) were negative for @entity130 . Of the 14 @entity1 who were managed with observation, none had developed complications of an inaccurate or delayed diagnosis. Scrotal ultrasound sensitivity and specificity in this series was 100% and 84.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In the setting of penetrating @entity130 a well-performed scrotal ultrasound is highly sensitive and specific for scrotal content @entity130 , making nonoperative management an appropriate treatment option in otherwise stable @entity1 .

title: Role of Ultrasonography for Testicular Injuries in Penetrating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['scrotal injuries', 'injuries', 'trauma', 'testicular injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Scrotal Trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a multidimensional model testing disease activity, @entity1316 , and poor sleep quality as determinants of @entity1295 in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHOD: The data of 106 @entity1 were drawn from baseline of a randomized comparative efficacy trial of psychosocial interventions for @entity309 . Sets of reliable and valid measures were used to represent model constructs. Structural equation modeling was used to test the direct effects of disease activity, @entity1316 , and poor sleep quality on @entity1295 , as well as the indirect effects of disease activity as mediated by @entity1316 and poor sleep quality. RESULTS: The final model fit the data well, and the specified predictors explained 62% of the variance in @entity1295 . Higher levels of disease activity, @entity1316 , and poor sleep quality had direct effects on @entity1295 . Disease activity was indirectly related to @entity1295 through its effects on @entity1316 , which in turn was related to poor sleep quality. @entity1316 also indirectly influenced @entity1295 through poor sleep quality. CONCLUSION: Our findings confirmed the importance of a multidimensional framework in evaluating the contribution of disease activity, @entity1316 , and sleep quality to @entity1295 in @entity309 using a structural equation approach. @entity1316 and poor sleep quality played major roles in explaining @entity1295 along with @entity1 -reported disease activity.

title: A multidimensional model of @entity1295 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disturbance', 'Mood disturbance']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine whether vasoproliferative @entity12621 (VPRTs) express @entity7 and respond to intravitreal bevacizumab injection. METHODS: Retrospective interventional case series. Intravitreal bevacizumab 1.25 mg was administered to 9 @entity1 with @entity2295 or exudative retinal changes. The changes of the @entity5 size, best-corrected visual acuity, and central retinal thickness were evaluated before and after treatment. Immunohistochemistry with anti- @entity7 antibody in an excised tissue of VPRT during pars plana vitrectomy was performed. RESULTS: In two @entity1 with small @entity5 (within two disk diameters), the @entity5 disappeared or regressed with only one injection of intravitreal bevacizumab injection. Larger @entity5 regressed after additional laser photocoagulation and/or cryotherapy without recurrence of exudative retinal changes in six eyes, although these did not regress by intravitreal bevacizumab injection alone. The mean logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution value of best-corrected visual acuity and central retinal thickness at the final visit were significantly improved compared with those of pretreatment (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively). Immunoreactivity for @entity7 was strongly detected in the resected @entity5 tissue. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that @entity7 derived from VPRTs causes @entity2479 or exudative retinal changes associated with VPRTs. Intravitreal bevacizumab may be a useful therapeutic option for these complications secondary to VPRTs.

title: Expression of @entity7 and intravitreal anti- XXXX therapy with bevacizumab in vasoproliferative @entity12621 .

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['VPRT-associated neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity12621 :: ('MESH:D019572', 'Disease') :: ['retinal tumors']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['VEGF']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hypocalcaemia is a significant post-operative complication following parathyroidectomy. Early identification of risk factors can help pre-empt hypocalcaemia and avoid serious sequelae. It can also help identify those @entity1 that are not suitable for day-case surgery. The aim of this study was to analyse the predictive value of the pre-operative serum @entity1391 level as an indicator for developing hypocalcaemia post-operatively in @entity1 undergoing parathyroidectomy for @entity459 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of all @entity1 who underwent parathyroidectomy between 2008 and 2010 at the Southern General Hospital in Glasgow. Data  collected included the number of parathyroid glands excised and their histology, pre-operative adjusted @entity460 (aCa) and @entity1391 levels, post-operative aCa at 6 and 24  h following surgery, and the fall in aCa levels in the first 6  h and 24  h following surgery. Minitab Statistical Analysis (Version 15) was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Fifty-six @entity1 underwent parathyroidectomy in the study period. Twelve @entity1 were excluded for various reasons including incomplete records and secondary @entity2742 . @entity1 given @entity460 or @entity560 supplements immediately post-operatively were also excluded. Statistical analysis showed no significant correlation between the pre-operative @entity1391 level and the post-operative decline in aCa level 6  h or 24  h following surgery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with a lower @entity1391 level pre-operatively were not at risk of a more drastic fall in @entity460 levels following parathyroidectomy. The pre-operative @entity1391 level was not found to be predictive of post-operative hypocalcaemia in our study.

title: Does the pre-operative serum @entity1391 level predict early hypocalcaemia following parathyroidectomy for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin D']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Several case series have demonstrated the feasibility of single-port laparoscopic ileocecal resection in @entity30 . However, only a few studies compared the single-port with a multiport laparoscopic ileocecal approach. The aim of this study was to compare short term surgical outcome parameters between single-port and multiport laparoscopic ileocecal resections for @entity30 . METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 who underwent single-port laparoscopic ileocecal resection between March 2010 and September 2012 were prospectively registered. A matched comparison on a 1:2 basis was performed with @entity1 who underwent multiport laparoscopic ileocecal resection from January 1999 to March 2010. Matching parameters were BMI, length of diseased bowel resected and the presence of @entity292 . Endpoints were the length of postoperative hospital stay, operative time, conversions, complications, @entity282 scores and postoperative analgesia consumption. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 undergoing single-port resection were matched to 42 @entity1 undergoing multiport resection. The postoperative stay (4 days, iqr 4-5 vs. 5 days, iqr 4-6; p=0.033), operative time (103 min, iqr 94.0-121.0 vs. 123.5 min, iqr 100.0-157.0; p=0.036) and @entity1286 use on the first postoperative day (12.5 mg, iqr 5.0-33.3 vs. 28 mg, 15.0-50.0; p=0.012) differed significantly. @entity282 scores and complications were similar in both groups. This study was limited by potential selection bias. CONCLUSIONS: Single-port laparoscopic ileocecal resection is safe and feasible in @entity30 and is associated with less need for @entity158 medication postoperatively as opposed to multiport laparoscopic ileocecal resection.

title: Single-port versus multiport laparoscopic ileocecal resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: One of the most prominent food-drug interactions is the inhibition of intestinal cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A enzymes by grapefruit juice ingredients, and, as many drugs are metabolized via @entity5322 , this interaction can be of clinical importance. @entity460 channel-blocking agents of the @entity7236 type, such as @entity10202 and @entity594 , are subject to extensive intestinal first pass metabolism via @entity5322 , thus resulting in significantly enhanced in vivo exposure of the drug when administered together with grapefruit juice. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling was used to simulate pharmacokinetics of a @entity594 immediate release formulation following concomitant grapefruit juice ingestion, that is, after inhibition of small intestinal @entity5322 enzymes. For this purpose, detailed data about @entity5322 levels were collected from the literature and implemented into commercial PBPK software. As literature reports show that grapefruit juice (i) leads to a marked delay in gastric emptying, and (ii) rapidly lowers the levels of intestinal @entity5322 enzymes, inhibition of intestinal first pass metabolism following ingestion of grapefruit juice was simulated by altering the intestinal @entity5322 enzyme levels and simultaneously decelerating the gastric emptying rate. To estimate the in vivo dispersion and dissolution behavior of the formulation, dissolution tests in several media simulating both the fasted and fed state stomach and small intestine were conducted, and the results from the in vitro dissolution tests were used as input function to describe the in vivo dissolution of the drug. Plasma concentration-time profiles of the @entity594 immediate release formulation both with and without simultaneous @entity5322 inhibition were simulated, and the results were compared with data gathered from the literature. Using this approach, @entity594 plasma profiles could be simulated well both with and without enzyme inhibition. A reduction in small intestinal @entity5322 levels by 60% was found to yield the best results, with simulated @entity594 concentration-time profiles within 20% of the in vivo observed results. By additionally varying the dissolution input of the PBPK model, a link between the dissolution characteristics of the formulation and its in vivo performance could be established.

title: Utilizing in vitro and PBPK tools to link ADME characteristics to plasma profiles: case example XXXX immediate release formulation.

entities_list: @entity7236 :: ('MESH:C038806', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity10202 :: ('MESH:D015736', 'Chemical') :: ['felodipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity594 :: (MESH:D009543,Chemical) :: ['nifedipine']