abstract: @entity6 is a major cause of morbidity and mortality of @entity1 with @entity6 . Bad metabolic control of @entity6 increases the risk of developing @entity731 . @entity4854 aids to increase the process of non-enzymatic protein glycosylation. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) created in Maillard reaction play multidirectional role in creation of @entity731 in @entity2175 . AGEs form in LDL, HDL and VLDL particles and increase their oxidative modification. They aid deposition of @entity165 and its @entity14743 in macrophages as well as creation of foam cells. Reaction of LDL-AGE particles with proteoglycans of blood vessel intima results in its thickening. LDL-AGE and ox-LDL take part in formation of late @entity731 changes influencing the expression of genes for cytokines and growth factors. AGEs promote prothrombotic changes. They block formation of @entity842 which results in @entity73 . They also take part in progressive vessel narrowing up to complete vessel occlusion by @entity527 .

title: [The importance of advanced glycosylation end products in the creation and progression of @entity731 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['atheroslerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic macroangiopathy', 'diabetes', 'non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired vessel relaxation']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic complications', 'atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if molecular and immunohistochemical (IHC) features of the @entity15966 / @entity15966 gene and its product, parafibromin, predict the natural history of @entity5 , particularly @entity652 , as seen in a single-centre @entity1 cohort. METHODS: Matched @entity5 and non- @entity5 tissues were obtained from 46 @entity1 with @entity3243 ( @entity189 ) (n   =   15), @entity652 ( @entity652 ) (n   =   14) and typical @entity652 (TA) (n   =   17), as defined by standardized histopathological criteria. Exons and exon-intron boundaries of the @entity15966 gene were sequenced to identify germline or somatic mutations. IHC staining for parafibromin was performed and scored as positive if nuclear staining was at least partially IHC-positive. RESULTS: Mutations of @entity15966 were observed in 9/15 (60  %) @entity189 , 2/14 (14  %) @entity652 , and 1/17 (6  %) TA @entity5 . A recurrent two basepair mutation in exon 7 -- @entity55754 -- accounted for half of all identified mutations. Absence of parafibromin nuclear staining was noted in 8/12 (67  %) @entity189 , 2/13 (15  %) @entity652 , and 3/17 (18  %) TA @entity5 . Median follow up times were 88  months for @entity189 , 76  months for @entity652 , and 104  months for TA @entity1 . One @entity1 , a member of a previously reported multiplex family with a germline @entity15966 mutation was found to have a second @entity652 after removal of an @entity652 . CONCLUSIONS: Molecular screening and IHC are both useful tools in the differential diagnosis of @entity3243 , but both have limited sensitivity and specificity. @entity15966 mutations and negative immunostaining were common in atypical @entity652 , but no local recurrence was observed in any case with successful surgical removal after follow-up periods of 27 to 210  months.

title: @entity15966 mutations and parafibromin immunohistochemistry in @entity3243 : clinical correlations in a single-centre XXXX cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'parathyroid malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid tumors', 'parathyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'adenomas', 'atypical adenoma', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity291 mammary glands were inoculated intracisternally with a @entity3639 -resistant (SR) strain of Corynebacterium bovis to determine the number of colony-forming units (CFU) required to induce colonization and to maintain persistence of @entity4210 colonization throughout lactation and involution. @entity3639 resistance was used as a strain marker. Uninfected quarters in @entity291 during midlactation were challenge exposed with successively higher numbers of SR @entity4210 until all quarters became colonized. Inoculum containing 790 CFU of SR @entity4210 established colonization in only 7 of 38 quarters. Colonization persisted in only 4 of these quarters by 23 days after inoculation. Eleven quarters were reinoculated with higher numbers of SR @entity4210 , and all became colonized by the time challenge-exposure inoculum contained 8 X 10(4) CFU. Colonization persisted throughout the 93-day experimental period. Somatic cell counts were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in SR @entity4210 -colonized quarters after inoculation than before. Sixteen additional quarters were inoculated with a mean number of 8 X 10(4) CFU of SR @entity4210 7 days before suppression of lactation. All quarters became colonized, and SR @entity4210 was shed during the experimental period; throughout the nonlactating and peripartum periods, high numbers of SR @entity4210 in pure culture were shed from 13 of 16 quarters.

title: Duration of experimentally induced Corynebacterium bovis colonization of XXXX mammary glands during the lactating, nonlactating, and peripartum periods.

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['Streptomycin', 'streptomycin']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity131 remains a common and often debilitating event across the world, producing significant burdens upon health and social care. Effective neurocritical care coupled with timely and appropriate neurosurgical intervention can produce significant improvements in @entity1 outcome. There remains controversy about how best to manage intracranial pressure on the ICU; we review the recent literature addressing a number of key variables. RECENT FINDINGS: Treatment of elevations in intracranial pressure can begin at the roadside and end on the ICU unit via a number of routes. Prehospital physician-led care may produce significant benefits in outcome which extend beyond airway management. Routine use of cooling worsens the respiratory outcomes without large improvement in neurological endpoints. The use of brain tissue @entity26 monitoring is extending and increasingly used to guide management. Decompressive craniectomy in refractory intracranial @entity101 has been associated with poor functional outcomes; a large multicentre trial is currently comparing it against barbiturate @entity772 . SUMMARY: The role of the neurointensivist in outcome for @entity1 who suffer severe @entity131 is key. Targeted therapies are allowing early detection and manipulation of brain ischaemia leading to more individualized treatment.

title: Updates in the management of intracranial pressure in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury', 'Traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine who might qualify for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), we reviewed the medical records of all 143 @entity1 with @entity3458 under the age of 16 years who were registered at our center. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 135 records were complete and were used to estimate donor availability and disease severity. The mean number of siblings per @entity1 was two, but this number decreased to 0.73 if half-siblings and siblings who had @entity3458 were excluded. Probability calculations indicated that a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched sibling donor would be available for only 18% of @entity1 with @entity3458 . RESULTS: With regard to clinical severity, if only @entity64 and chronic debilitating @entity158 are considered criteria for bone marrow transplantation, only 16% of sickle cell @entity1 would qualify, but with use of the broader criteria of the National Collaborative Study, 38% of @entity1 would qualify. However, not all parents will consent to have bone marrow transplantation for their @entity1 , and only a minority of @entity1 (18%) will have an HLA-matched sibling donor. Thus, as few as 1-2% of the total population of @entity1 with @entity3458 will ultimately qualify for marrow transplantation. Increasing the number who can undergo transplantation will require increasing the size of the donor pool. CONCLUSIONS: Search for other therapies not based on marrow transplantation should continue. For the majority of @entity1 with @entity3458 , these nontransplant treatments offer the best chance for enabling @entity1 to achieve greater longevity and a better quality of life.

title: Availability of related donors for bone marrow transplantation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell anemia', 'sickle cell disease']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell anemia']


abstract: @entity172 is known to influence @entity413 homeostasis with dominant effects in the liver, but the role of @entity172 receptors in muscle @entity413 metabolism is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the expression of the two @entity172 receptors, @entity11716 and @entity11717 , and their influence on regulation of the @entity413 transporter, @entity3240 , and its associated structural protein, caveolin-1, in @entity19 gastrocnemius muscle. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that @entity11716 and @entity11717 are coexpressed in the nuclei of most muscle cells, and that their levels were not affected by absence of @entity53 [in aromatase-knockout (ArKO) @entity19 ]. @entity3240 expression on the muscle cell membrane was not affected by loss of @entity11717 but was extremely reduced in @entity11716 (-/-) @entity19 and elevated in ArKO @entity19 . RT-PCR confirmed a parallel reduction in @entity3240 mRNA levels in @entity11716 (-/-) @entity19 . Upon treatment of ArKO @entity19 with the @entity11717 agonist @entity23850 , @entity3240 expression was reduced. By immunofluorescence and Western blotting, caveolin-1 expression was higher in ArKO @entity19 and lower in @entity11717 (-/-) and @entity11716 (-/-) @entity19 than in WT littermates. @entity3240 and caveolin-1 were colocalized in WT and ArKO @entity19 but not in @entity11717 (-/-) and @entity11716 (-/-) @entity19 . These results reveal that @entity11716 is a positive regulator of @entity3240 expression, whereas @entity11717 has a suppressive role. Both @entity11717 and @entity11716 are necessary for optimal caveolin-1 expression. Taken together, these results indicate that colocalization of caveolin-1 and @entity3240 is not an absolute requirement for muscle @entity413 metabolism but that reduction in @entity3240 could be contributing to the insulin resistance observed in @entity11716 (-/-) @entity19 .

title: Muscle XXXX regulation by @entity172 receptors @entity11717 and @entity11716 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity23850 :: ('MESH:C486182', 'Chemical') :: ['2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionitrile']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3240 :: (20528(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['GLUT4']


abstract: @entity7252 is relatively rare among @entity548 in the digestive tract, and @entity7252 caused by @entity5 of the biliary tract is particularly rare. We treated a 74-year-old- @entity1 with undifferentiated @entity1086 presenting with @entity7252 . During hospitalization for @entity1494 at the Department of Urology, he showed progressive @entity417 . Since @entity548 in the digestive tract was suspected, endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract was performed, and @entity548 from the papilla of Vater was observed. On ultrasound examination, findings were indicative of @entity5 , and @entity548 from the cystic duct was found on percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy. On perioral cholecystoscopy, however, masses of coagulated blood were found only in the gallbladder. Abnormalities such as dense staining of @entity5 or extravasation were not found on angiography. The @entity1 died of @entity1578 due to rapid invasion of the liver by the @entity5 , associated with @entity281 and disseminated @entity5642 . At autopsy, a @entity5 was found in the gallbladder, and the cavity of the gallbladder was filled with coagulated masses of blood. Direct invasion of the @entity5 to the liver, diaphragm, and transverse colon was found. The histopathological diagnosis was @entity189 (pleomorphic large-cell type).

title: A @entity1 with XXXX of gallbladder presenting with @entity7252 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cholecystic cancer', 'nodal tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['undifferentiated carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['biliary infection']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity7252 :: ('MESH:D006431', 'Disease') :: ['hemobilia', 'Hemobilia']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['undifferentiated carcinoma']


abstract: Long-term storage of biological samples from @entity1 has become increasingly important in studies of disease control and treatment. The first nationwide Danish @entity6 project, ie, The Danish Center for Strategic Research in @entity2175 ( @entity15338 ), aims to improve treatment and the long-term outcome of @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). The @entity15338 project includes establishment of a biobank with samples from 50,000 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity2175 . This paper describes how blood and urine samples from 10,000 @entity1 per year are collected, handled, and stored. The biobank includes whole blood, DNA, and plasma and urine samples, all frozen at -80  C. Sampling tubes have been standardized and are sent to hospital outpatient clinics and general practitioners where samples are taken, handled, aliquoted, and returned by mail overnight in standardized cryostorage tubes. When received at the biobank, samples are frozen without further treatment. From each @entity1 , 24 cryostorage tubes are stored. Each tube is labeled with a barcode that links the data to other information available in a clinical databank registry. When @entity1 are enrolled in @entity15338 , a questionnaire is filled out and a quality monitoring system ensures that @entity1 , samples, and questionnaires can be linked together at all times. The biobank is located at Vejle Hospital and the Danish National Biobank at Statens Serum Institut. As of the end of March 2012, samples from 1186 @entity1 have been stored, and currently samples from 8-10 @entity1 arrive per day. We have established the first national biobank in Denmark where blood, DNA, and plasma and urine samples from @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity2175 are systematically collected and stored. This biobank enables sophisticated analysis of genetic variation and response to treatment, as well as disease marker studies that better classify disease status, progression, and complications.

title: New national Biobank of The Danish Center for Strategic Research on Type 2 @entity6 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'Type II Diabetes', 'T2D']

answer: @entity15338 :: (1646,Gene) :: ['DD2']


abstract: Simulations of @entity393 were presented to the normal ears of subjects with moderate to severe @entity393 . The intelligibility of speech in quiet and in background sounds was compared with that obtained for the impaired ears using unprocessed stimuli. The results of @entity7804 matches between the two ears were used to tailor a simulation of threshold elevation combined with @entity7804 recruitment individually for each subject. This was assessed either alone, or in combination with a simulation of reduced frequency selectivity, performed by spectral smearing. Finally, we included a simulation of 'dead' regions in the cochlea, where there are assumed to be no functioning inner hair cells and/or neurones, by band-stop filtering over the frequency range corresponding to the dead region. Performance for the impaired ears was markedly worse than for the normal ears using the simulation of threshold elevation and @entity7804 recruitment. The addition of the simulation of reduced frequency selectivity caused performance to worsen, but it remained above that for the impaired ears. The additional simulation of a dead region had little effect, except for one subject, for whom it produced performance comparable to that for the impaired ear in quiet but not when background sounds were present. It is suggested that the relatively poor results for the impaired ears may be caused partly by a form of 'neglect' which is specific to subjects with unilateral or asymmetric loss. This idea was supported by results obtained using bilaterally hearing-impaired subjects, which were markedly better than for the impaired ears of the unilaterally hearing-impaired subjects, and comparable to those for the normal ears listening to the combined simulation of threshold elevation, @entity7804 recruitment and reduced frequency selectivity.

title: Comparison of real and simulated @entity393 in subjects with unilateral and bilateral cochlear XXXX .

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral cochlear hearing loss', 'hearing impairment']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: A pediculed @entity188 was discovered in a 63 years old @entity1 . Within the @entity5 adenomatous @entity6349 was associated with a @entity4153 . The neuroendocrine nature of the @entity5 was suspected on conventional optic microscopy and confirmed by a positive Grimelius technique. Specific typical granules were also found on electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical techniques using neurospecific enolase were also positive. @entity3 was limited to the submucosa, but the surgical specimen showed that one lymph node was metastatic. Three months later, hepatic @entity3 was suspected on physical examination and the @entity1 died of @entity1578 ten months after the discovery of the @entity5 . Twenty-two similar cases were found in the literature: of these five cases were associated with benign @entity1412 . In all cases the @entity1 died of early metastatic diffusion. This @entity5 raises the problems of diagnosis, terminology, classification and therapy: only aggressive chemotherapy, similar to that applied to the same type of @entity189 in the respiratory tract might improve prognosis.

title: [Small-cell anaplastic neuroendocrine XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine small-cell anaplastic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['tumor of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Carcinomatous invasion']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic proliferation']

answer: @entity188 :: (MESH:D012004,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the rectum']


abstract: Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a group of autosomal dominant inherited skin diseases caused by mutations in either the @entity4205 ( @entity4205 ) or the @entity6881 ( @entity6881 ) genes and characterized by development of intraepidermal skin blisters. The three major subtypes of EBS are Weber-Cockayne, Koebner, and Dowling-Meara, of which the Dowling-Meara form is the most severe. We have investigated five large Danish families with EBS and two sporadic @entity1 with the Dowling-Meara form of EBS. In the sporadic Dowling-Meara EBS @entity1 , a novel @entity6881 mutation ( @entity57011 ) and a previously published @entity4205 mutation ( @entity57012 ) were identified, respectively. A novel @entity6881 mutation ( @entity57013 ) was found in three seemingly unrelated families, whereas another family harbored a different novel @entity6881 mutation ( @entity57014 ). The last family harbored a novel @entity4205 mutation ( @entity57015 ). The identified mutations were not present in more than 100 normal chromosomes. Six polymorphisms were identified in the @entity6881 gene and their frequencies were determined in normal controls. These polymorphisms were used to show that the @entity6881 @entity57013 mutation was located in chromosomes with the same haplotype in all three families, suggesting a common ancestor. We observed a strict genotype-phenotype correlation in the investigated @entity1 as the same mutation always resulted in a similar phenotype in all individuals with the mutation, but our results also show that it is not possible to predict the EBS phenotype merely by the location (i.e., head, rod, or linker domains) of a mutation. The nature of the @entity535 substitution must also be taken into account.

title: Identification of novel and known mutations in the genes for XXXX and 14 in Danish @entity1 with epidermolysis bullosa simplex: correlation between genotype and phenotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity4205 :: (3852,Gene) :: ['keratin 5']


abstract: Psychological similarities in the symptomatology of @entity308 led to repeated attempts of treatment of the affective disease by suppression of adrenocortical secretion. While successful in many @entity1 , all drugs employed- @entity4235 , @entity3102 and @entity6239 -carry the danger of inducing @entity1887 . In addition, their undesirable side effects were also a main reason for treatment suspension. In our 1990 proposal for the treatment of @entity308 through control of adrenal @entity134 levels, we set as one of the goals the identification of @entity230 which can antagonize each other on their effects on the central nervous system. Specifically, we looked first at @entity230 that could counter each other's effects on long-term potentiation, a putative memory mechanism in the central nervous system. One reason for this was the consensus that memory mechanisms are affected in both @entity308 @entity1 . Another was the fact that @entity701 -type hormones which underlie, at least in part, the depressogenic actions of adrenal @entity230 also have inhibitory effects on LTP. We conjectured, then, that a @entity134 with opposite effects, one that could enhance long-term potentiation and, further, that could counter the depressant effects of @entity2819 on long-term potentiation, could be of use in the treatment of @entity308 . @entity9027 increases long-term potentiation in a dose-related manner, and preliminary data suggest that it also counteracts the depressant effects of @entity2819 on long-term potentiation when injected simultaneously on experimental animals. Potentially at least, rather than resort to total suppression of adrenocortical activity, it may be possible to treat @entity308 just by counteracting some of the effects of @entity701 -like hormone actions in the central nervous system. Further, both in clinical trials as well as in experimental animals, @entity9027 has been shown to enhance performance in memory-requiring tasks.

title: Natural @entity230 counteracting some actions of putative depressogenic XXXX on the central nervous system: potential therapeutic benefits.

entities_list: @entity4235 :: ('MESH:D008797', 'Chemical') :: ['metyrapone']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's and depressive", 'depression', "Cushing's and depressive diseases"]

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity6239 :: ('MESH:D000616', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglutethimide']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity9027 :: ('MESH:D019314', 'Chemical') :: ['Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate', 'dehydroepiandro-sterone sulfate']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has the potential to enhance muscular regeneration. In previous publications, our group was able to show a dose-response relationship in female animals between the amount of transplanted cells and muscle force. The impact of sex on the regeneration of @entity85 following MSC transplantation remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: We investigated histologic and biomechanical regeneration parameters in @entity35 after autologous transplantation of MSCs. Our hypothesis was that female @entity35 have greater muscle regeneration potential than male @entity35 after autologous MSC transplantation. METHODS: Thirty-six @entity35 received an open crush @entity130 of the left soleus muscle. One week after @entity130 , 2.5   10(6) autologous MSCs, harvested from tibial biopsies, were transplanted locally (female, n = 9; male, n = 9). Control animals received saline solution (female, n = 9; male, n = 9). Histologic analysis and biomechanical evaluation by in vivo muscle force measurement were performed 3 weeks after transplantation. RESULTS: MSC therapy improved the force of the injured soleus in male @entity35 significantly (twitch: treated, 0.76 [0.51-1.15]; twitch: untreated, 0.45 [0.32-0.73] [P = 0.01]; @entity116 : treated, 0.63 [0.4-1.21], @entity116 : untreated, 0.34 [0.16-0.48] [P = 0.04]). Force measurements in females also revealed significant improvements (twitch: treated, 0.71 [0.38-0.96]; twitch: untreated, 0.36 [0.18-0.63] [P = 0.005]; @entity116 : treated, 0.53 [0.21-0.68]; @entity116 : untreated, 0.27 [0.11-0.47] [P = 0.01]). The intersexual comparison of fast twitch and tetanic contraction forces revealed no significance (twitch, P = 0.55; @entity116 , P = 0.19). The histologic analysis showed no differences in the amount of fibrotic tissue (male, P = 0.9; female, P = 0.14) and the size of muscle area (male, P = 0.2; female, P = 0.56) following treatment. Male animals showed higher values for muscle area (P = 0.011) and less @entity82 (P = 0.028), independent of treatment. CONCLUSION: The outcome of skeletal muscle regeneration after injury can be improved in animals of both sexes with MSC transplantation.

title: Mesenchymal stem cell therapy following muscle @entity130 leads to improved muscular regeneration in both male and female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal injuries']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The @entity141 channel blockers @entity10202 and @entity8633 are known to affect selectively functions of calmodulin. We studied their effects on calmodulin binding and ATPase activities of calmodulin-containing and calmodulin-depleted @entity95 heart sarcolemma. Both drugs as well as the specific anti-calmodulin drug @entity6106 at a concentration of 50 microM, inhibited the @entity141 -stimulated calmodulin binding to calmodulin-depleted sarcolemma. Within the concentration range of 3 to 100 microM all three drugs also progressively inhibited @entity141 pumping ATPase in calmodulin containing sarcolemma, although the enzyme was assayed at saturating @entity141 (100 microM). The inhibitory potency of @entity6106 and @entity8633 , but not that of @entity10202 , increased when the membrane protein concentration in the ATPase assay was lowered. At low membrane protein concentration 30 microM @entity6106 completely blocked calmodulin-dependent @entity141 pumping ATPase, whereas the inhibition caused by 30 microM @entity10202 or @entity8633 remained partially. A similar inhibition pattern of the drugs was found in the calmodulin binding experiments. Within a concentration range of 3 to 30 microM, all three drugs had negligible effects on the basal @entity141 pumping ATPase which was measured in calmodulin-depleted sarcolemma. In conclusion, the characteristics of the anti-calmodulin action of @entity10202 on the @entity95 heart sarcolemmal @entity141 pumping ATPase are not different from those of @entity8633 . Both drugs may inhibit the enzyme by interference with the @entity141 -stimulated binding of calmodulin.

title: The effects of @entity10202 and XXXX on calcium-stimulated calmodulin binding and calcium pumping ATPase of cardiac sarcolemma before and after removal of endogenous calmodulin.

entities_list: @entity10202 :: ('MESH:D015736', 'Chemical') :: ['felodipine']

entities_list: @entity8633 :: ('MESH:D015764', 'Chemical') :: ['bepridil']

entities_list: @entity6106 :: ('MESH:C031938', 'Chemical') :: ['calmidazolium']

answer: @entity8633 :: (MESH:D015764,Chemical) :: ['bepridil']


abstract: Selecting a proper reconstruction method is the key to success in @entity1489 management, especially for lesions involving the face. Using a skin graft is usually straightforward when covering a skin defect; however, major concerns in skin grafting include a poor color match in the recipient-site and donor-site morbidity. To overcome these limitations, the authors have developed a dermis graft, which utilizes a de-epithelialized split-thickness skin graft method. The purpose of this retrospective study was to report reliability of dermis grafts after @entity1491 (BCCs) on the face by presenting our clinical experience with them. This study included 38 @entity1 who were treated for @entity154 created by resection of BCCs. The locations of the defects were as follows: nose (n = 17), orbital area (n = 14), cheek (n = 4), temple area (n = 2), and forehead (n = 1). The defects ranged in size from 3.3 to 6.5 cm. Functional and cosmetic outcomes, @entity260 , and @entity1 satisfaction were assessed. The @entity1 were followed up for 12 to 36 months. The entire dermis graft re-epithelialized after grafting within 17 to 27 days. Most of the @entity1 had satisfactory results in both functional and cosmetic matters with high-quality skin characteristics. There were no significant complications and no recurrences were observed during the follow-up period. @entity1 satisfaction with the dermis graft was also excellent. The dermis graft may be used reliably for covering defects after removal of BCCs on the face.

title: Facial dermis grafts after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['facial defects']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['removal of basal cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity1491 :: (MESH:D002280,Disease) :: ['removal of basal cell carcinomas']


abstract: We assessed the efficacy of @entity1215 in the treatment of @entity4536 (oriental sore) using a double-blind placebo-controlled study. We studied 46 @entity1 with @entity4536 , of whom 23 received @entity1215 (group A) and another 23 received placebo (group B) for a period of 4 weeks. Each @entity1 was assessed clinically for size of lesion, type of lesion, duration of lesion, number of lesions, and distribution of lesions, initially, and at the end of 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks. Biochemical tests including enzyme studies were done to detect any toxic effects of the drug. Group A @entity1 received @entity1215 1200 mg/day in two divided doses and group B @entity1 received two doses of an identical placebo capsule. Seventeen (73.9%) of the 23 @entity1 receiving @entity1215 had @entity446 . Two (8.6%) had partial healing and four (17.3%) showed no response, whereas out of 23 @entity1 receiving placebo one @entity1 (4.3%) showed @entity446 , eight (34.7%) @entity1 showed partial healing and 14 (60. 98%) @entity1 showed no healing or exacerbation of lesion. The difference was statistically significant in favour of response to @entity1215 . This dose of @entity1215 was well-tolerated and no side-effects were seen in any @entity1 . In cases of @entity4536 where injectable treatment is not feasible or not acceptable, as in cases of @entity75 , @entity1215 is a better alternative oral treatment. It is simple to administer, cheap, more effective and less toxic than other available oral drugs, and well-tolerated by @entity1 .

title: The role of XXXX in the management of @entity4536 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lesions']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity446 :: ('MESH:C563468', 'Disease') :: ['complete healing']

answer: @entity1215 :: (MESH:D012293,Chemical) :: ['rifampicin']


abstract: HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 58-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital after an acute onset of @entity548 . He was known to have had recurrent @entity4773 , once with @entity360 . Clinical examination was remarkable only for @entity548 . INVESTIGATIONS: After application of a nasogastric tube cherry-red blood was evacuated. Upper endoscopy showed only very small @entity33 in the stomach and coloscopy demonstrated several non- @entity548 diverticula. Small bowel enteroclysis showed severe @entity7261 of the duodenum and jejunum. DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND COURSE: We assumed that the extensive duodenojejunal @entity7261 was the most probable cause of this episode of @entity360 because of simultaneous signs of upper and @entity360 . Because this was the first such episode we preferred a conservative approach. At nineteen months follow-up there was no recurrence of @entity548 . CONCLUSION: @entity360 is a common cause of hospitalization. After exclusion of the more common @entity548 sources @entity17213 should be considered as a possible rare cause. Surgical resection of the @entity548 bowel part is the procedure of choice, but one of the major problems in such cases is to locate exactly the @entity548 site. If the location is uncertain, a more conservative approach may be preferable, especially in haemodynamically stable @entity1 with first-time diverticular @entity548 .

title: [Acute XXXX caused by distinct small intestinal @entity7261 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal erosion']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal ulcerative disease']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulosis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal hemorrhage', 'lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage', 'gastrointestinal bleeding', 'upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity17213 :: ('MESH:C537305', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel diverticula']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: This research was intended to verify separate and combined effects of @entity3409 and @entity3406 on blood pressure in @entity35 . After @entity10278 ( @entity10278 ) and @entity14149 ( @entity4437 ) were administered individually and combined by intraperitoneal injection to @entity35 daily for a week, systolic blood pressure of the tails were measured at 1, 5, 10, 20, and 30 days after administration. Each substance was injected into @entity35 with 0.1 mg/kg x bw and 1.0 mg/kg x bw concentrations. After 0.1 mg/kg x bw @entity10278 was injected, statistically significant differences from the control group (only saline) were found at 1, 5, and 10 days. After 0.1 mg/kg x bw @entity4437 was injected, no statistically significant differences from the control group were found. After 0.1 mg/kg x bw @entity10278 and 0.1 mg/kg x bw @entity4437 were injected combined simultaneously, statistically significant differences from the control group were found at 1, 5, and 10 days, compared with the 0.1 mg/kg x bw @entity10278 group after 5 days and the 0.1 mg/kg x bw @entity4437 group after 5 and 10 days. After 1.0 mg/kg x bw @entity10278 was injected, statistically significant differences from the control group were found at 1, 5, 10, and 20 days. After 1.0 mg/kg x bw @entity4437 was injected, statistically significant differences from the control group were found at 1 and 5 days. After 1.0 mg/kg x bw @entity10278 and 1.0 mg/kg x bw @entity4437 were injected combined, statistically significant differences were found at 1, 5, 10, 20, and 30 days, compared with 1.0 mg/kg x bw @entity10278 at 10, 20, and 30 days and 1.0 mg/kg x bw @entity4437 at 5, 10, 20, and 30 days. It was found that the effect of @entity10278 on blood pressure was much more than that of @entity4437 and the combination of @entity10278 and @entity4437 in high concentration delayed recovery of blood pressure.

title: Variation of systolic blood pressure in @entity35 exposed to XXXX and @entity3406 .

entities_list: @entity10278 :: ('MESH:D019256', 'Chemical') :: ['cadmium chloride', 'CdCl(2)']

entities_list: @entity14149 :: ('MESH:C022838', 'Chemical') :: ['nickel chloride']

answer: @entity3409 :: (MESH:D002104,Chemical) :: ['cadmium']


abstract: The purpose of the study was to determine the incidence of @entity1068 -induced @entity4053 . All @entity7964 @entity1 who had blood @entity167 levels above 0.10% and a random serum chemistry drawn (including @entity413 ) were included. Over a 6-month study period, 378 @entity1 were included in the study. Fifteen @entity1 (4%) presented with @entity4053 ( @entity413 less than 67 mg%). Of these, four (1%) were profoundly hypoglycemic ( @entity413 less than 50 mg%). Two hundred and fifty three @entity1 (67%) @entity1 were normoglycemic ( @entity413 67-106 mg%) and 110 @entity1 (29%) were @entity1602 ( @entity413 greater than 106 mg%). Nonfasting @entity413 measurements from a control group of 96 @entity7964 , nonintoxicated @entity1 were compared with those of the study group. Two @entity1 (2%) presented with @entity4053 and none (0%) presented with profound @entity4053 . Forty-five @entity1 (47%) presented with normoglycemia, and 49 (51%) with @entity4854 . There were no statistically significant differences found in the @entity4053 rate between the intoxicated @entity1 and nonintoxicated control population (odds ratio of 0.75; P greater than .05). Four of 378 intoxicated @entity1 (1%) had profound @entity4053 (less than 50 mg/dL) compared with none (0%) of the 96 nonintoxicated @entity1 . Intoxicated @entity1 had a statistically significant lower rate of @entity4854 in comparison with the nonintoxicated control group (29% versus 51%; P less than .0001). Age, sex, race, @entity1068 level, and serum electrolyte measurement had no predictive value for @entity4053 in intoxicated @entity1 . The anion gap was consistently elevated in hypoglycemic @entity1 in comparison with normoglycemic @entity1 (P less than .05). @entity4053 appears to occur as frequently in an @entity1068 -intoxicated population as in a population without elevated @entity1068 levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The incidence of XXXX -induced @entity4053 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity7964 :: ('OMIM:612551', 'Disease') :: ['nondiabetic']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia', 'Hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: We are conducting a long-term randomized controlled trial to determine if intervention with a low-fat high- @entity1735 diet reduces @entity0 risk. The present study examines the effects of 2 years of dietary intervention on serum sex hormone levels in premenopausal @entity1 . Subjects with extensive mammographic densities were enrolled in a dietary intervention trial. The intervention involved intensive individual counselling aimed at reducing total dietary fat to 15% of calories. Control subjects received general advice about diet but were not counselled to change their fat intake. Serum sex hormone levels were measured in 220 premenopausal subjects at entry and 2 years after randomization. Two years after randomization @entity53 levels were 20% (70 pmol l(-1)) lower (P = 0.04) and @entity1420 levels were 35% (1.0 nmol l(-1)) lower (P = 0.004) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were 7% (1 IU) higher (P = 0.38) in the intervention group than in the control group. The FSH- @entity53 ratio was 13% higher in the intervention group (P = 0.18). Samples analysed accounting for the timing of the blood sample in relation to the menstrual cycle showed that, in the intervention group, @entity53 and @entity1420 levels were lower and FSH levels higher in subjects with blood samples taken more than 30 days after the last menstrual period. Because of the strong evidence linking ovarian hormonal activity to @entity0 risk, these results suggest that a low-fat high- @entity1735 diet may reduce risk of @entity0 by reducing exposure to ovarian hormones that are a stimulus to cell division in the breast.

title: Effects of a low-fat high- @entity1735 diet on plasma sex hormones in premenopausal @entity1 : results from a randomized controlled trial. Canadian Diet and XXXX Prevention Study Group.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: @entity19868 is unusual among necrotrophic pathogens in its requirement for senescent tissues to establish an @entity281 and to complete the life cycle. A model for the @entity281 process has emerged whereby the pathogenic phase is bounded by saprophytic phases; the distinction being that the dead tissues in the latter are generated by the actions of the pathogen. Initial colonization of dead tissue provides nutrients for pathogen establishment and resources to infect healthy plant tissue. The early pathogenicity stage involves production of @entity11439 and the expression of cell wall degrading enzymes, such as specific isoforms of polygalacturonase (SSPG1) and protease ( @entity11552 ), at the expanding edge of the lesion. Such activities release small molecules (oligo-galacturonides and peptides) that serve to induce the expression of a second wave of degradative enzymes that collectively bring about the total dissolution of the plant tissue. @entity11439 and other metabolites and enzymes suppress host defences during the pathogenic phase, while other components initiate host cell death responses leading to the formation of @entity39 tissue. The pathogenic phase is followed by a second saprophytic phase, the transition to which is effected by declining @entity268 levels as @entity413 becomes available and further hydrolytic enzyme synthesis is repressed. Low @entity268 levels and an acidic environment generated by the secretion of @entity11439 promote sclerotial development and completion of the life cycle. This review brings together histological, biochemical and molecular information gathered over the past several decades to develop this tri-phasic model for @entity281 . In several instances, studies with Botrytis species are drawn upon for supplemental and supportive evidence for this model. In this process, we attempt to outline how the interplay between @entity413 levels, @entity268 and ambient pH serves to coordinate the transition between these phases and dictate the biochemical and developmental events that define them.

title: XXXX : when "to be or not to be" a pathogen?

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity19868 :: ('5180', 'Species') :: ['Sclerotinia sclerotiorum']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity11439 :: ('MESH:D019815', 'Chemical') :: ['oxalic acid', 'Oxalic acid']

answer: @entity19868 :: (5180,Species) :: ['Sclerotinia sclerotiorum']


abstract: PURPOSE: NF-kB expression has been shown to be responsible for resistance to antineoplastic agents and it also plays a part in the activation of the @entity470 downstream signaling pathway in @entity14 . The aim of our analysis was to investigate a correlation between NF-kB expression, response rate, @entity1054 , and survival in advanced @entity14 @entity1 receiving cetuximab and @entity2600 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively the immunoreactivity for NF-kB in @entity2600 -refractory @entity1 receiving cetuximab and @entity2600 . Results Seventy-six @entity1 were analyzed. Cetuximab and @entity2600 were administered as second-line chemotherapy in 19 @entity1 and after > or = two lines of chemotherapy in the remaining 57 @entity1 . We observed a partial response (PR) in 16 @entity1 for an overall response rate of 24%. Thirty-two @entity1 (48%) experienced progressive disease; median @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) was 3.6 months and median overall survival was 10.3 months. NF-kB was positive in 46 @entity1 (60%). All main clinical characteristics were well balanced between NF-kB-positive and NF-kB-negative @entity1 . The response rate was 10% (four PRs) versus 48% (12 PRs; P = .0007) in NF-kB-positive and NF-kB-negative @entity5 , respectively. Median @entity1054 in NF-kB-positive @entity1 was 3 v 6.4 months in the remaining @entity1 (P = .021). Median overall survival was 9.5 v 15.8 months for NF-kB-positive and NF-kB-negative @entity1 , respectively (P = .036) CONCLUSION: The difference in median @entity1054 , overall survival, and response rate seem to confirm that NF-kB may play a crucial role in predicting the efficacy of cetuximab and @entity2600 in advanced @entity14 .

title: Nuclear factor-kB @entity5 expression predicts response and survival in @entity2600 -refractory metastatic @entity14 treated with cetuximab- XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumors', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['irinotecan']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Early, empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment is the established practice for @entity1398 . Several @entity7660 are accepted for monotherapy. We asked whether @entity1 ' outcomes are influenced by the chosen @entity3405 . METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing anti-pseudomonal @entity7660 administered as empirical monotherapy for @entity1398 , with or without @entity2176 . The search included The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Lilacs databases, bibliography, conference proceedings, trial registries and FDA new drug approvals. Two reviewers independently applied selection criteria, performed quality assessment and extracted the data. Trials assessing the same beta-lactam were pooled using the fixed effect model. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The primary outcome assessed was all-cause mortality. RESULTS: Thirty-three trials fulfilled inclusion criteria. Cefepime was associated with higher all-cause mortality at 30 days than other @entity7660 (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.06-1.94, 3123 @entity1 ). Carbapenems were associated with fewer treatment modifications, including addition of glycopeptides, than @entity5505 or other comparators. Adverse events were significantly more frequent with carbapenems, specifically @entity8307 (RR 1.94, 95% CI 1.24-3.04, 2025 @entity1 ). All-cause mortality was unaltered. @entity3400 / @entity7120 was compared only with @entity6944 and carbapenems, in six trials. No significant differences were demonstrated with paucity of data for all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The use of cefepime for @entity1398 is associated with increased mortality and should be carefully considered pending further analysis. Empirical use of carbapenems entails fewer treatment modifications, but an increased rate of @entity8307 . @entity5505 , @entity3400 / @entity7120 , imipenem/ @entity9234 and meropenem appear to be suitable agents for monotherapy.

title: Empirical antibiotic monotherapy for XXXX : systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity6944 :: ('MESH:C043266', 'Chemical') :: ['cefepime']

entities_list: @entity9234 :: ('MESH:D015377', 'Chemical') :: ['cilastatin']

entities_list: @entity7660 :: ('MESH:D047090', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactams']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity8307 :: ('MESH:D004761', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomembranous colitis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['Piperacillin', 'piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime', 'Ceftazidime']

answer: @entity1398 :: (MESH:D009503,Disease) :: ['febrile neutropenia']


abstract: 1. From a review of published literature it is concluded that the minimum dose of a neuroleptic drug (NLD) required to alleviate @entity716 is very similar to that producing minimal @entity191 ( @entity191 ). This conclusion is reached both from group comparisons and individual comparisons of dose/response relations (DRR) for the two effects. 2. A lower dose of NLD is usually sufficient to prevent relapse in well stabilized @entity1 than is needed to check an active @entity716 state. 3. Anticholinergic agents used to reduce side effects of typical NLD can retard the therapeutic process during neuroleptic treatment of acute @entity716 . Although it is not fully established that this is a central interaction, it is consistent with the idea that minimal side effects are a necessary condition for therapeutic effectiveness with typical antipsychotic drugs. 4. In relapse-free maintenance of @entity716 -prone @entity1 , tolerance occurs to @entity191 . Thus few @entity1 need experience prolonged side effects during maintenance treatment with neuroleptics. 5. The evidence reviewed is discussed with respect to a previous hypothesis of the supposedly "indirect" action of typical neuroleptic drugs in therapy for @entity716 . The evidence is consistent with the idea of a close causal relation between minimal @entity191 of these drugs, and their therapeutic effectiveness in the acute stage of treatment.

title: Dose-response relationships for the antipsychotic effects and XXXX side-effects of typical neuroleptic drugs: practical and theoretical implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychosis']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian side effects', 'PSE']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinsonian']


abstract: @entity3083 is usually secondary to lung or abdominal involvement and may also be the first manifestation of @entity378 . @entity3083 (often called @entity3083 ) is by definition, an @entity1442 , requiring meticulous assessment and aggressive systemic therapy. Physicians should keep the diagnosis in mind, especially in a @entity1 from a group with a high rate of @entity378 . This review aims on updating the knowledge on @entity3083 and its management. Skeletal involvement has been reported to occur in approximately 10% of all patents with @entity378 , and half of these @entity1 develop @entity281 within the spinal column. Symptoms of @entity3083 are @entity615 , @entity425 , @entity353 , @entity221 . It is much more prone to develop @entity16 , @entity451 of varying degree. The palpation of spinous process in routine clinical examination is the most rewarding clinical method and is an invaluable measure for early recognition. Diagnosis of @entity3083 is made on the basis of typical clinical presentation along with systemic constitutional manifestation and the evidence of past exposure to @entity378 or concomitant visceral @entity378 . Magnetic resonance imaging can define the extent of @entity733 formation and @entity1745 . The diagnosis is confirmed through percutaneous or open biopsy of the spinal lesion. Surgery is necessary as an adjunct to antibiotic therapy if the @entity281 produces an @entity733 , @entity891 , or neurologic compression. Some patents need aggressive supportive care owing to @entity1906 or @entity75 . Moreover, the importance of immediate commencement of appropriate treatment and its continuation for adequate duration along with the proper counseling of the @entity1 and family members should not be underestimated for successful and desired outcome.

title: Pott's spine and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological manifestation']

entities_list: @entity3083 :: ('MESH:D014399', 'Disease') :: ["Pott's disease", 'spinal tuberculosis', 'Spinal tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'vertebral infection']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral collapse']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous meningitis']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis infection', 'extrapulmonary tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fever, fatigue, and malaise']

answer: @entity451 :: (MESH:C536857,Disease) :: ['paraplegia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although @entity900 -based neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by cystectomy was demonstrated to improve the survival among @entity1 with locally advanced @entity150 , its severe adverse events, including nephrotoxicity, are critical issues. We investigated the safety and activity of @entity3003 , a mild nephrotoxic agent, combined with @entity136 as a neoadjuvant chemotherapy compared with @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 and @entity900 for @entity1 with locally advanced @entity150 . METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 68 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity150 who received neoadjuvant @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 and @entity900 (n = 34) or @entity136 and @entity3003 (n = 34) followed by cystectomy at our institute. The adverse events, chemotherapy delivery profile, rate of down-stage and recurrence-free survival were assessed for @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 and @entity900 compared with @entity136 and @entity3003 . RESULTS: The mean cycles of @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 and @entity900 , and @entity136 and @entity3003 , were 2.5 and 2.7, respectively. The hematologic adverse events of Grade 3 or 4 @entity1398 , @entity417 and @entity882 for @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 and @entity900 were 15, 18 and 0%, respectively. The occurrences for @entity136 and @entity3003 were 53, 21 and 50%, respectively. Grade 3 or 4 non-hematologic @entity137 for @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 and @entity900 were @entity390 and @entity391 in 24%, and were not observed for @entity136 and @entity3003 . The lowest median estimated glomerular filtration rate during @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 , and @entity900 and @entity136 and @entity3003 was 55.8 and 70.6 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m(2), respectively (P = 0.002). The rate of down-stage to @entity2558 or less was 59% for @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 and @entity900 , and 53% for @entity136 and @entity3003 (P = 0.624). The recurrence-free survival of @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 and @entity900 , and @entity136 and @entity3003 , at 36 months from the diagnosis was 79 and 75%, respectively (P = 0.85). CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant @entity136 and @entity3003 showed less non-hematologic @entity137 than @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 and @entity900 , and especially less nephrotoxicity was demonstrated for @entity136 and @entity3003 . Although observed during the short term, the recurrence-free survival for @entity136 and @entity3003 was comparable to that for @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 and @entity900 .

title: Neoadjuvant @entity136 plus @entity3003 for locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: @entity306 ( @entity306 ) is a non-progressive but not unchanging @entity717 and/or posture, due to an insult to or @entity154 of the developing brain. Gastrointestinal surgery can play a role in the treatment of pathologies frequently associated with a condition of @entity16 such as @entity354 (antireflux procedure), feeding difficulties (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy/jejunostomy) and swallowing difficulties (ligation of salivary gland ducts). @entity354 occurs in up to 70-75% of @entity1 with @entity306 . @entity1 with @entity354 ( @entity354 ) may present with feeding @entity391 and recurrent @entity5837 associated with poor growth and nutrition, reactive @entity1030 particularly nocturnal @entity565 , @entity1224 attacks, @entity417 , and wheezing. Nutritional deprivation in @entity1 with @entity306 is the summation of several factors which result in reduced intake. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity970 ) has radically changed the handling of @entity1 with nutritional problems who, before the introduction of this procedure, were force fed parenterally or enterally, by nasogastric tube, conventional surgical gastrostomy or central venous access. In @entity1 with @entity306 , @entity970 is the preferred technique for long-term enteral feeding. Swallowing dysfunction is the main cause of drooling in @entity306 , and medical treatment is often inefficient. Surgical treatment involves neurectomy, translocation of the salivary duct, salivary gland resection or salivary duct (parotid and submandibular) ligation. CONCLUSION: This review focuses on the role of surgery in managing gastrointestinal aspects in @entity1 with @entity306 and, in particular, surgical experience at our department with fundoplication, @entity970 placement and ligation of salivary ducts.

title: Surgery in disabled XXXX : general gastroenterological aspects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['difficulties, recurrent vomiting']

entities_list: @entity5837 :: ('MESH:D056586', 'Disease') :: ['chest infection']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['GERD', 'gastro-oesophageal reflux disease', 'Gastro-oesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway disease']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of movement']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'CP', 'Cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to demonstrate the efficacy and impact on quality of life of detrusor injections of botulinum neurotoxin type A in the treatment of @entity1494 in @entity1 with @entity15 . METHODS: Forty-three @entity1 with @entity15 suffering from severe urgency @entity322 were treated with detrusor injections of botulinum neurotoxin type A. Data from cystometric assessment of the bladder, voiding diaries, quality-of-life questionnaires, and procontinence medication usage were collected before treatment and 4 and 16 weeks after injection. The same data were also collected after repeat treatments. RESULTS: Highly significant improvements (p < 0.0001) in @entity322 episodes and urinary urgency, daytime frequency and @entity2183 , were the symptomatic reflection of the significant improvements in urodynamically demonstrated bladder function. Although 98% of @entity1 had to perform self-catheterization after treatment, there were sustained improvements in all quality-of-life scores. The mean duration of effect was 9.7 months. Similar results were seen with repeat treatments. INTERPRETATION: Minimally invasive injections of botulinum neurotoxin type A have been shown to be exceptionally effective in producing a prolonged improvement in urinary continence in @entity1 with @entity15 . This treatment is likely to have a major impact on future management.

title: Botulinum injections for the treatment of XXXX of @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder symptoms']


abstract: We determined the outcomes of @entity1 with acute @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) @entity583 (STEMI) and @entity3257 ( @entity3257 ) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The prognosis after primary PCI in STEMI has been extensively studied and defined. Outcomes of @entity1 who undergo primary PCI for @entity3257 are less well established. In total, 2,082 @entity1 with ongoing @entity662 for > 30 minutes consistent with @entity697 were randomized to balloon angioplasty versus stenting, each with/without abciximab. Of 1,964 @entity1 , STEMI was present in 1,725 (87.8%) and @entity3257 in 239 (12.2%). Compared with STEMI, those with @entity3257 were more likely to have delayed time-to-hospital arrival (2.4 vs 1.8 hours, p = 0.0002) and increased door-to-balloon time (3.2 vs 1.9 hours, p < 0.0001). @entity1 with @entity3257 were more likely to have Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction grade 3 flow at baseline (37.3% vs 19.4%, p < 0.0001) and higher ejection fraction (58.7% vs 55.8%, p = 0.001), but similar rates of postprocedural Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction grade 3 flow. At 1 year, @entity1 with NTEMI had similar mortality (3.4% vs 4.4%, p = 0.40) but higher rates of major adverse @entity299 (24.0% vs 16.6%, p = 0.007) that was driven by more frequent @entity63 target vessel revascularization (21.8% vs 11.9%, p <0.0001). In conclusion, @entity1 with @entity697 without @entity1347 who are treated with primary PCI have marked delays to treatment, similar late mortality, and increased rates of @entity63 target vessel revascularization compared with @entity1 with STEMI, despite more favorable angiographic features at presentation and similar reperfusion success. The adverse prognosis of @entity1 with @entity3257 should be recognized and efforts made to decrease reperfusion times.

title: Comparative early and late outcomes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in @entity1347 and non- @entity1347 acute XXXX (from the CADILLAC trial).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ST-segment elevation', 'STE']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['NSTEMI', 'non-STEMI']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity6052 ( @entity6052 ) is an @entity74 caused by a partial defect of the @entity1446 biosynthesis enzyme, @entity6049 ( @entity6049 ). @entity6049 is encoded by two distinct mRNA species expressed in a tissue-specific manner from a single gene. One transcript is expressed in erythroid tissues, while the housekeeping transcript is expressed in all tissues. In classical @entity6052 (95% of cases) the housekeeping and the erythroid-specific enzymes both have half-normal activity in erythroid and non-erythroid tissues, whereas in the variant non-erythroid form of the disease the enzymatic defect is present only in non-erythroid cells. A large allelic heterogeneity of mutations (n>135) has been demonstrated in classical @entity6052 , but to date only three different mutations have been characterized in the non-erythroid variant form of @entity6052 . We describe the @entity74 responsible for the non-erythroid variant form of @entity6052 in two French and two German unrelated @entity6052 @entity1 with normal @entity6049 activity in the erythrocytes. Three different splicing defects located in the intron 1 donor splice site were identified: a @entity55764 mutation, previously described in a Dutch family, was found in two @entity1 ; two novel mutations (33+2 t-->a, 33+5 c-->g) affected the two remaining @entity1 . All the mutations resulted in the activation of a cryptic splice site 67 bp downstream in intron 1, leading to a frameshift and a premature stop codon in exon 4. Mutations in the exon 1 donor splice site are involved in eight of the nine non-erythroid variant @entity6052 families reported in the literature. These data show that most mutations causing the non-erythroid variant @entity6052 are exon 1 splice defects, in contrast with classical @entity6052 , where missense mutations are chiefly involved. Moreover, the allelic heterogeneity of @entity6049 gene defects causing the non-erythroid variant @entity6052 is demonstrated, with five different mutations identified. These mutations could be easily detected by a single denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis which also allows the presymptomatic detection of gene carriers in the affected families.

title: Exon 1 donor splice site mutations in the XXXX gene in the non-erythroid variant form of acute intermittent porphyria.

entities_list: @entity6049 :: ('3145', 'Gene') :: ['porphobilinogen deaminase', 'PBGD']

entities_list: @entity6052 :: ('MESH:D017118', 'Disease') :: ['AIP', 'Acute intermittent porphyria']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['molecular abnormalities', 'autosomal dominant disorder']

answer: @entity6049 :: (3145,Gene) :: ['porphobilinogen deaminase']


abstract: In April 1992 an outbreak of severe @entity1576 occurred among aerographic textile workers in the area of Alcoi, Autonomous Community of Valencia, Spain. An epidemiological study linked this outbreak to the use of a reformulated aerosolized product, @entity55737 . We analyzed clinical, laboratory, and pathological data of the first 14 @entity1 with confirmed @entity3616 ( @entity3616 ) secondary to this newly recognized occupational toxicant. The mean age of the @entity1 was 30 yrs. The most common clinical findings were cough (86%), @entity1415 (71%), dyspnoea (64%), oppressive @entity662 (57%), and crackles (50%). A restrictive functional pattern was evident in 64%. Radiographic findings consisted predominantly of patchy infiltrates in 65% and a micronodular pattern in 35%. Treatment with @entity288 did not prevent initial progression in 11 of the 14 @entity1 and development of irreversible @entity1576 in five @entity1 . At necropsy, besides features of @entity3616 , interstitial @entity82 and @entity16 were evident. A low total lung capacity, the presence of crackles at admission, and increases in the alveolar-arterial @entity26 difference were predictive of @entity204 . The @entity3616 caused by the inhalation of @entity55737 is characterized by a tendency to evolve into progressive interstitial @entity82 despite the use of corticosteroids. The illness is restricted to the respiratory system and once @entity1576 has developed the prognosis is poor.

title: XXXX in textile printing workers: a clinical description.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse alveolar damage']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['organizing pneumonia', 'OP']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory illness', 'respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity55737 :: ('MESH:C088846', 'Chemical') :: ['Acramin-FWN']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity3616 :: (MESH:D018549,Disease) :: ['Organizing pneumonia']


abstract: Pelvic lymph node @entity3 in @entity263 ( @entity263 ) carry an ominous prognosis. Periprostatic/periseminal vesicle (PP/PSV) lymph nodes are present in some individuals, but their incidence and involvement by @entity3 are unknown. A total of 832 of 1233 (67.5%) @entity1 who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy for clinically localized @entity263 at the Methodist Hospital from 1983 to 1998 by one surgeon (P.T.S.) had whole-mount slides available for review. Of these, 92 (11.1%) had received preoperative therapy (radiation in 48 [5.8%], hormonal in 44 [5.3%]). Slides were examined with the naked eye by placing them on a white illuminated background, and any area suggestive of a lymph node in PP/PSV fat was confirmed microscopically and assessed for the presence of @entity3 . Thirty-seven of 832 @entity1 (4.4%) had 39 PP/PSV lymph nodes-one bilateral, one with two ipsilateral lymph nodes, and the rest solitary. Sizes ranged from 0.7 to 4.5 mm (mean 1.8 mm). Distribution was 2 of 39 (5.1%) apical, 3 of 39 (7.7%) mid, 17 of 39 (43.6%) base, and 17 of 39 (43.6%) seminal vesicle. Five @entity1 (0.6%) had metastatic @entity263 to the PP/PSV lymph nodes. All five @entity1 were of advanced pathologic T stage [one pT3a (extraprostatic extension) and four pT3b (seminal vesicle invasion)]. Only two of those five (40%) had @entity3 (all ipsilateral) to pelvic lymph nodes. In three of five (60%) the @entity3 were isolated to the PP/PSV lymph nodes. @entity3 were to the lymph nodes in the periseminal vesicle fat in four of five (80%) of the cases and in the fat surrounding the base of the prostate in one of five (20%). Four of five (80%) @entity1 recurred. Histologic grade (Gleason score), @entity5 volume, and failure (recurrence) rates were significantly different between the five @entity1 with @entity3 and the 32 @entity1 without @entity3 to the PP/PSV lymph nodes (p <0.0001, p <0.0001, and p = 0.005, respectively). However, there was no evidence that an individual @entity1 's probability of having a PP/PSV lymph node increased with resection of the neurovascular bundle (p = 0.7698). PP/PSV lymph nodes are uncommon, but based upon these limited data, it appears that @entity1 with @entity3 limited to PP/PSV lymph nodes have a poor prognosis (similar to pelvic lymph node @entity3 ) and should be included in the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Staging Manual to indicate "N1" if positive for @entity3 .

title: Incidence, location, and significance of periprostatic and periseminal vesicle lymph nodes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'Metastases']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mitral valve repair is considered the gold standard in surgery of degenerative @entity339 ( @entity339 ), but the long-term results (>20 years) are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: We reviewed the first 162 consecutive @entity1 who underwent mitral valve repair between 1970 and 1984 for @entity339 due to @entity66 . The cause of @entity339 was degenerative in 146 @entity1 (90%) and @entity3555 in 16 @entity1 (10%). @entity339 was isolated or, in 18 cases, associated with @entity997 . The mean age of the 162 @entity1 (104 @entity1 and 58 @entity1 ) was 56+/-10 years (age range 22 to 77 years). New York Heart Association functional class was I, II, III, and IV in 2%, 39%, 52%, and 7% of @entity1 , respectively. The mean cardiothoracic ratio was 0.58+/-0.07 (0.4 to 0.8), and 72 (45%) @entity1 had @entity955 . Valve analysis showed that the main mechanism of @entity339 was type II Carpentier's functional classification in 152 @entity1 . The leaflet prolapse involved the posterior leaflet in 93 @entity1 , the anterior leaflet in 28 @entity1 , and both leaflets in 31 @entity1 . Surgical technique included a Carpentier's ring annuloplasty in all cases, a valve resection in 126 @entity1 , and shortening or transposition of chordae in 49 @entity1 . During the first postoperative month, there were 3 deaths (1.9%) and 3 reoperations (2 valve replacements and 1 repeat repair [1.9%]). Six @entity1 were lost to follow-up. The remaining 151 @entity1 with mitral valve repair were followed during a median of 17 years (range 1 to 29 years; 2273 @entity1 -years). The 20-year Kaplan-Meier survival rate was 48% (95% CI 40% to 57%), which is similar to the survival rate for a normal population with the same age structure. The 20-year rates were 19.3% (95% CI 11% to 27%) for @entity204 and 26% (95% CI 17% to 35%) for cardiac morbidity/mortality (including death from a cardiac cause, @entity64 , and reoperation). During the 20 years of follow-up, 7 @entity1 were underwent surgery at 3, 7, 7, 8, 8, 10, or 12 years after the initial operation. Valve replacement was carried out in 5 @entity1 , and repeat repair was carried out in 2 @entity1 . At the end of the study, 65 @entity1 remained alive (median follow-up 19 years). Their median age was 76 years (age range 41 to 95 years). All except 1 were in New York Heart Association functional class I/II. CONCLUSIONS: Mitral valve repair using Carpentier's technique in @entity1 with nonrheumatic @entity339 provides excellent long-term results with a mortality rate similar to that of the general population and a very low incidence of reoperation.

title: Very long-term results (more than 20 years) of valve repair with carpentier's techniques in nonrheumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve insufficiency', 'MVI']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nonrheumatic disease']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity3555 :: ('MESH:D004697', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial endocarditis']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral valve insufficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fifteen percent of @entity0 @entity1 present with large @entity5 involving skin or chest wall. Often, surgery with primary wound closure is impossible. We used neoadjuvant chemoradiation in locally advanced @entity0 @entity1 , in hopes of increasing resectability. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had locally advanced @entity0 deemed unresectable with primary wound closure. @entity1 received 8 weeks of infusional @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) 200 mg/m2 per day and radiation therapy to 50 Gy. @entity1 rendered resectable underwent modified radical mastectomy (MRM) followed up by chemotherapy. RESULTS: Of 30 evaluable @entity1 , 73% had an objective clinical response. All were able to undergo MRM with primary wound closure; 63% had @entity66 , 20% had minimal microscopic disease, and 17% had complete pathologic response. Treatment-related @entity137 was minimal. Surgical morbidity was not increased. CONCLUSIONS: Infusional @entity1487 with concomitant radiotherapy is well tolerated and effective at producing shrinkage in the majority of @entity1 , converting inoperable @entity0 to easily resectable disease.

title: Preoperative @entity1487 and radiation therapy for locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Pathogenesis of @entity3 may involve regulatory activities of Th2 immunity on phagocytic host defenses. The effects of @entity3646 on antifungal capacity of @entity1 mononuclear phagocytes against @entity5132 were studied. Incubation of adherent mononuclear leukocytes from healthy donors with IL-4 (1-5 ng ml(-1)) at 37 degrees C for 2-4 days suppressed uptake of @entity5132 blastoconidia in the presence of human serum (P < or = 0.01), and anti-IL-4 inhibited its suppressive effect. The effect of IL-4 was protein synthesis-dependent. Interferon-gamma (0.25-25 ng ml(-1)), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF, 20 ng ml(-1)), macrophage-CSF (15 ng ml(-1)) but not IL-10 (100 ng ml(-1)) somewhat counteracted the suppressive effect of IL-4. In contrast, @entity3913 receptor-mediated uptake of blastoconidia in the absence of serum was increased by IL-4. Killing of conidia was decreased after incubation of morphonuclear leukocytes with IL-4 for 2 days (P < 0.05). While @entity224 anion production in response to @entity4514 was decreased by IL-4 (P < 0.05), it was not altered in response to blastoconidia and pseudohyphae. Morphonuclear leukocyte-induced @entity16 also remained unaltered. These findings suggest that IL-4 plays its detrimental role in @entity3 by predominantly suppressing uptake and killing of blastoconidia by morphonuclear leukocytes. Anti-IL-4, IFN-gamma, GM-CSF and M-CSF appear to counteract suppression of morphonuclear leukocyte phagocytic activity suggesting new approaches to the management of disseminated @entity7553 .

title: XXXX suppresses antifungal activity of @entity1 mononuclear phagocytes against @entity5132 in association with decreased uptake of blastoconidia.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['pseudohyphal damage']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity3646 :: (3565,Gene) :: ['Interleukin-4']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to compare Doppler-derived cardiac time intervals and cord plasma levels of @entity2661 in vaginally and cesarean delivered neonates. METHODS: Doppler echocardiographic assessments of fetal and neonatal cardiac time intervals were made to determine differences in circulatory changes in 8 neonates delivered vaginally and 12 delivered by elective cesarean section. Aortic and pulmonary @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ), ejection time (ET), and the @entity1054 /ET ratio in systole were assessed at various time points from antenatal to 72 h after delivery. Umbilical artery blood gas and acid-base values, and cord blood concentrations of @entity1425 and @entity1063 were also measured. RESULTS: Umbilical artery blood pH in the cesarean section group was significantly lower than that in the vaginal delivery group (p < 0.05). Base @entity551 and cord blood @entity1063 in cesarean delivered neonates were significantly higher than those in vaginally delivered neonates, respectively (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in aortic cardiac time intervals between the 2 groups at any of the various time points. However, @entity358 and the @entity1054 /ET ratio were significantly lower in the normal vaginal delivery group than those in the cesarean section group 6 h after delivery (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The lower @entity1054 and @entity1054 /ET ratio of the pulmonary artery in vaginally delivered neonates may reflect an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, indicating transient @entity120 . The findings were the reverse of what might be expected from an elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and transient @entity120 in cesarean delivered neonates.

title: Plasma XXXX and Doppler-derived cardiac time intervals in vaginally and cesarean delivered neonates.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary AT']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['deficit in umbilical artery blood']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['acceleration time', 'AT']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['catecholamines']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although @entity6126 is a rare cause of erectile failure, impotent @entity1 are frequently treated with supplemental @entity3800 . The results of such treatment and the individual merits of available formulations remain controversial. A series of hypogonadal @entity1 participated in a trial of oral @entity10551 to assess the effectiveness of the medication, and use of biochemical and clinical outcome measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A consecutive sample of 23 @entity323 @entity1 received @entity10551 orally for no less than 60 days. Serum levels of gonadotropins, @entity251 , @entity172 and @entity443 were measured before, during and after the trial. Sexual response and feeling of well-being were measured by daily diaries and visual analogue scales. RESULTS: @entity10551 produced restoration of plasma @entity251 levels in all @entity1 but a measurable improvement in sexual attitudes and performance in only 61%. Visual analogue scores were effective discriminants of the therapeutic response but none of the conventional biochemical measures predicted or correlated with clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10551 is an effective agent for treating @entity6126 . In @entity323 @entity1 the most appropriate outcome measure for @entity342 supplementation is individual response to therapy, while conventional biochemical hormone determinations lack predictive value and fail to correlate with response.

title: @entity251 supplementation for hypogonadal XXXX : assessment of biochemical measures and therapeutic outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadal impotent']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity10551 :: ('MESH:C010792', 'Chemical') :: ['Testosterone undecanoate', 'testosterone undecanoate']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone-binding globulin']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['impotence']


abstract: @entity53705 enzymes have been found in soluble, ionically bound, and covalently bound forms and have been implicated in several physiological processes in plants. This paper investigates the effect of aphid @entity277 on soluble and bound-cell wall @entity53705 activity and bound-cell wall isoform changes of @entity2247 plants. @entity53705 activity was measured in control plants and plants infested with the aphid @entity7779 (Rondani). The activity of soluble peroxidases increased with time of @entity277 , older plants being more affected than younger ones. The increase in bound-cell wall @entity53705 activity as a function of age was higher in infested than in control plants, being higher in ionically bound than in covalently bound peroxidases. When the aphids were removed from plants, the activities of both types of peroxidases decreased to control levels. Isoelectrofocusing analyses of the ionically bound peroxidases showed changes in the isoform pattern. A new isoform was induced by @entity277 . The activities of all covalently bound isoforms increased after @entity277 . The physiological implications of these changes are discussed.

title: Induction of soluble and cell wall peroxidases by aphid XXXX in @entity2247 .

entities_list: @entity7779 :: ('13262', 'Species') :: ['Schizaphis graminum']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['infestation']

answer: @entity277 :: (MESH:D013984,Disease) :: ['infestation']


abstract: The distal half of chromosome arm 18q is frequently lost in @entity43 . To define the putative @entity5 suppressor locus/loci more precisely we performed allelic analysis with 27 polymorphic microsatellite markers located at 18q12.3-q23 in 64 serous and 9 mucinous @entity43 . @entity189 , but only one (11%) of @entity189 , showed @entity393 at one or more loci (P = 0.018). In @entity189 , deletions were found to be associated with @entity5 grade and poor survival. The highest frequency of losses was detected at the distal part, 18q22-q23. Two minimal common regions of loss (MCRL) were identified at this region: MCRL1 between D18S465 and D18S61 at 18q22 (3.9 cM) and MCRL2 between D18S462 and D18S70 at 18q23 (5.8 cM). At 18q21.1, proximal to the MCRLs, there are three candidate @entity5 suppressor genes: @entity1594 ( @entity1594 ), @entity2536 , and @entity46182 . Their protein expression was studied by immunohistochemistry in normal @entity43 . Lost or very weak expression of @entity1594 , @entity2536 and @entity46182 was found in 28, 28, and 30% of @entity189 , respectively. Comparison of @entity393 and protein expression status indicated that none of these genes alone could be the target for the frequent @entity393 at 18q21.1. Together, these genes may account for a substantial proportion of the events, but not all of them. Thus, we propose that the frequent @entity393 at 18q is because of the effect of multiple genes, and there is at least one as yet unidentified @entity5 suppressor gene at 18q residing distal to @entity1594 , @entity2536 , and @entity46182 involved @entity43 .

title: Allelic analysis of serous @entity43 reveals two putative @entity5 suppressor loci at 18q22-q23 distal to @entity1594 , XXXX , and @entity46182 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tissue and serous carcinomas', 'ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian carcinomas', 'in serous ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['serous carcinomas', 'mucinous carcinomas', 'Fifty-nine percent of the serous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['allelic loss']

answer: @entity2536 :: (4087,Gene) :: ['SMAD2']


abstract: The @entity56 ( @entity56 ) involves @entity204 ( @entity204 ) in response to pathogen infection. To investigate the pathogen resistance signaling pathway, we previously identified the @entity958 mutant cpr22, which displays constitutive activation of multiple defense responses including @entity56 like cell death. The cpr22 mutation has been identified as a 3 kb deletion that fuses two cyclic @entity377 -gated ion channel (CNGC)-encoding genes, ATCNGC11 and ATCNGC12, to generate a novel chimeric gene, ATCNGC11/12. In this study, we conducted a characterization of cell death induced by transient expression of ATCNGC11/12 in Nicotiana benthamiana. Electron microscopic analysis of this cell death showed similar characteristics to @entity204 , such as plasma membrane shrinkage and vesicle formation. The hallmark of animal @entity204 , fragmentation of nuclear DNA, was also observed in ATCNGC11/12-induced cell death. The development of cell death was significantly suppressed by caspase-1 inhibitors, suggesting the involvement of caspases in this process. Recently, vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) was isolated as the first plant caspase-like protein, which is involved in @entity56 development. In VPE-silenced plants development of cell death induced by ATCNGC11/12 was much slower and weaker compared to control plants, suggesting the involvement of VPE as a caspase in ATCNGC11/12-induced cell death. Complementation analysis using a @entity141 uptake deficient @entity375 mutant demonstrated that the ATCNGC11/12 channel is permeable to @entity141 . Additionally, @entity460 channel blockers such as @entity21953 inhibited ATCNGC11/12-induced @entity56 formation, whereas @entity972 channel blockers did not. Taken together, these results indicate that the cell death that develops in the cpr22 mutant is indeed @entity204 and that the chimeric channel, ATCNGC11/12, is at the point of, or up-stream of the @entity460 signal necessary for the development of @entity56 .

title: The chimeric cyclic XXXX -gated ion channel ATCNGC11/12 constitutively induces @entity204 in a @entity141 dependent manner.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitive response', 'HR']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'programmed cell death']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: Information on the management of acquired nonaccommodative @entity5971 (ANAET) of childhood is incomplete. Most prior reports combine the results of @entity1 with both accommodative and nonaccommodative esodeviations. The primary objective of this study was to describe the early postoperative motor and sensory results of @entity1 with acquired nonaccommodative @entity5971 . The medical records of 72 consecutive @entity1 with ANAET who underwent surgical correction at East Tennessee State University College of Medicine from August 1, 1995 through October 1, 2001 were retrospectively reviewed. The median age at surgery for the 72 study @entity1 was 43.8 months with a median angle of deviation of 30 prism diopters (PD) at both distance and near. Ten @entity1 (13.9%) required a second surgical procedure while one @entity1 (1.4%) required a third. The cumulative probability of a second surgery within two years of the first procedure was 24% (95% CI 4-43%). During a median postoperative follow-up period of 7.1 months, 64 (88.9%) @entity1 were within 8 PD of orthotropia on the last postoperative examination. Normal postoperative stereoacuity was achieved in several @entity1 whose deviation began after 30 months of age, as well as in one @entity1 who was misaligned for at least two years prior to surgery. Although the postoperative follow-up on these @entity1 with acquired nonaccommodative @entity5971 managed without prism adaptation is short, the motor results are similar to other studies on @entity1 with acquired @entity5971 , with sensory outcomes superior to those obtained in @entity1 with @entity5971 .

title: Short-term motor and sensory outcomes in acquired nonaccommodative XXXX of childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['congenital esotropia', 'esotropia']

answer: @entity5971 :: (MESH:D004948,Disease) :: ['esotropia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this prospective controlled study was to determine the role that the lateral cephalogram can play in the detection of palatally displaced @entity235 (PDCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was comprised of 85 subjects in the late mixed dentition. Thirty-five subjects had PDCs (either unilateral or bilateral) identified on the panoramic radiograph ( @entity22813 group), and 50 subjects presented with a normal pathway of upper permanent @entity235 @entity203 as assessed on panoramic radiographs (No- @entity22813 group). Linear and angular measurements on the lateral cephalograms concurrent with panoramic radiographs were compared between the @entity22813 and No- @entity22813 group statistically. RESULTS: All angular measurements that incorporated the main axis of the @entity235 (to Frankfort horizontal, to the palatal plane, or to the axis of the central incisor) were significantly smaller in the @entity22813 group (p<0.001). In terms of linear measurements, both the distance from the tip of the @entity235 to the vertical axis of the central incisor parallel to Frankfort horizontal and the distance from the tip of the @entity235 to the @entity1347 parallel to Frankfort horizontal showed significantly larger values in the @entity22813 subjects than in normal controls. On the contrary, the vertical distance from the tip of the @entity235 to the functional occlusal plane did not reveal any significant difference between the @entity22813 and the No- @entity22813 group. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis of @entity22813 is essential in order to avoid the occurrence of final @entity235 impaction. If 3-D images of a displaced @entity235 cannot be acquired, a lateral cephalogram can be a useful tool for the early detection of @entity22813 in the late mixed dentition. The angle between the vertical axis of the @entity235 and the palatal plane demonstrate diagnostic value when assessing PDCs. Values for this angle smaller than 102 degrees can indicate the presence of @entity22813 .

title: A controlled study on diagnostic and prognostic measurements of palatally displaced XXXX on lateral cephalograms.

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'canines']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior alveolar ridge']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['eruption']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canines']