abstract: AIM: We aim to evaluate the National @entity5 Institute (NCI) treatment protocol and its outcome regarding recurrence, progression and survival in @entity1 with T1G3 @entity150 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In a retrospective study, between January 2001 and December 2007, all 34 @entity1 with @entity150 ( @entity1606 ), after complete transurethral resection (TURBT), received intravesical BCG as adjuvant therapy. A conservative approach was adopted, whereby those with superficial recurrences were eligible to TURBT, with delayed cystectomy for progression to @entity11090 . Overall, recurrence, and progression-free survival were analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 were included, 29 were males and 4 were females. The mean age was 61 years (range 35-89 years). Final analysis was made at median follow-up of 15 months (Range of 3-68 months, mean 18 months) for survival. Eleven (33.3%) @entity1 had multifocal @entity5 . Associated @entity2040 was present in 12 (36.6%) @entity1 . Twenty-two (66.67%) @entity1 showed recurrence. Eleven out of these 22 (50.0%) @entity1 progressed to @entity11090 and underwent radical cystectomy. Ten out of 34 (30.3%) @entity1 received postcystectomy radiotherapy. Two (20.0%) of them, were staged as @entity2802 stage II, 6 (60.0%) as @entity2802 stage III and 2 (20.0%) @entity1 were @entity2802 stage IV. Eight (72.7%) of these 11 @entity1 had post-cystectomy radiotherapy alone; while the 2 (6.0%) other @entity1 with stage IV had adjuvant concomitant @entity900 and @entity136 chemotherapy. Five (14%) @entity1 of those cystectomy @entity1 died of @entity1606 . Three (60%) @entity1 died from metastatic disease (to lung, liver and bone), one @entity1 died from advanced locoregional disease and another @entity1 died from @entity260 . Among those @entity1 who received radiotherapy alone, 62.5% are alive. Although, we report a biologically more aggressive behavior of T1G3 than that reported by some authors, for this conservative approach, the overall survival (OS) was (84.4%) and the recurrence-free survival (RFS) was (41.3%), at 18 months; which are comparable to those reported in the literature for the delayed cystectomy approach. CONCLUSION: Adjuvant intravesical therapy with BCG with repeated cystoscopies, and delayed radical cystectomy until progression to the @entity3 carries a significant risk of mortality from @entity3 . This treatment policy may be acceptable for T1G3 bladder @entity1606 , without concomitant @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ), who don't recur after intravesical BCG, however, @entity1 who progress to @entity3 may skip @entity34 and present with stage III or IV, with consequent poor survival. Therefore, due to the aggressive biologic behavior of T1G3 @entity5 , a determination of a cutoff number for recurrence(s) or better evaluation parameters are needed, to proceed with cystectomy without awaiting @entity11090 . KEY WORDS: Superficial @entity150 - T1G3 @entity1606 - Delayed cystectomy - BCG.

title: Delayed Cystectomy for T1G3 XXXX ( @entity1606 ) of the Urinary Bladder, NCI Retrospective Case Series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['CIS', 'carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma', 'T1G3 bladder transitional cell carcinoma', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity11090 :: ('MESH:D019042', 'Disease') :: ['muscle invasion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive disease']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

answer: @entity1606 :: (MESH:D002295,Disease) :: ['Transitional Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: Intravascular catheters used in clinical practice can activate platelets, leading to @entity715 formation and stagnation of blood flow. @entity842 (NO)-releasing polymers have been shown previously to reduce clot formation on a number of blood contacting devices. In this work, trilaminar NO-releasing @entity1346 catheters were fabricated and tested for their thrombogenicity. All catheters had specifications of L = 6 cm, inner diameter = 21 gauge (0.0723 cm), outer diameter = 12 gauge (0.2052 cm), and NO-releasing layer thickness = 200    11   m. Control and NO-releasing catheters were characterized in vitro for their NO flux and NO release duration by gas phase chemiluminescence measurements. The catheters were then implanted in the right and left internal jugular veins of (N = 6 and average weight = 3 kg) adult male @entity95 for 4 hours thrombogenicity testing. Platelet counts and function, methemoglobin (metHb), hemoglobin (Hb), and white cell counts and functional time (defined as patency time of catheter) were monitored as measured outcomes. @entity842 -releasing catheters (N = 6) maintained an average flux above (2    0.5)   10(-10) mol/min/cm for more than 24 hours, whereas controls showed no NO release. Methemoglobin, Hb, white cell, and platelet counts and platelet function at 4 hours were not significantly different from baseline (a = 0.05). However, clots on controls were visibly larger and prevented blood draws at a significantly (p < 0.05) earlier time (2.3    0.7 hours) into the experiment, whereas all NO-releasing catheters survived the entire 4 hours test period. Results indicate that catheter NO flux levels attenuated @entity715 formation in a short-term animal model.

title: Thromboresistance characterization of extruded XXXX -releasing @entity1346 catheters.

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evaluation of suspected @entity253 has traditionally involved a variety of imaging modalities including ultrasound, CT, and invasive cholangiography. These techniques have limitations because of poor visualization of intraductal stones (ultrasound and CT) and the need for an invasive procedure (ERCP and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography). Magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) is a noninvasive imaging modality that provides good visualization of the hepatobiliary system. The aim of the present study was to determine the utility of MRC in evaluating @entity1 with suspected @entity253 . STUDY DESIGN: One hundred forty-three @entity1 were identified with suspected @entity697 and underwent MRC. @entity1 selection was based on clinical criteria including an elevation in serum liver chemistries or evidence of biliary ductal dilatation on conventional imaging. MRC was performed using a half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo sequence involving single breath-hold rapid image acquisition. A final diagnosis was determined in each @entity1 based on invasive cholangiography, findings at surgery, and clinical course. RESULTS: Of the 143 @entity1 , 73 had an obstructing @entity253 . A malignant process was identified in 25 @entity1 with final diagnoses of @entity788 (n = 15), @entity5 (n = 4), @entity201 (n = 3), and hepatic or nodal metastases (n = 3). MRC correctly identified @entity253 in all these @entity1 and accurately identified the level of @entity253 in 24 of 25 @entity1 . Based on the MRC images alone, a malignant process was suspected in 21 of the 25 @entity1 . Forty @entity1 were found to have common bile duct stones and eight @entity1 had a benign distal bile duct stricture. MRC correctly identified common bile duct stones in 37 @entity1 with one false-positive exam (sensitivity = 92%; specificity = 99%). MRC also correctly identified distal biliary strictures in eight @entity1 . In the remaining 70 @entity1 , no definite @entity253 was identified by MRC, and in all @entity1 the absence of mechanical obstruction was confirmed by invasive cholangiography or overall clinical course. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that MRC is able to accurately identify the level and cause of @entity253 in both @entity5 . MRC may prove to be an important noninvasive tool in preoperative evaluation of @entity1 with suspected @entity253 and identification of @entity1 most likely to benefit from an invasive radiologic or surgical procedure.

title: Utility of magnetic resonance cholangiography in the evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant and benign disease', 'ampullary cancer']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction', 'biliary lesion']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary obstruction']


abstract: Background. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the circulating @entity650 and @entity1243 levels with taste alteration in young @entity28 @entity1 . Methods. A retrospective case-control study was conducted in thirty @entity28 @entity1 and thirty age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Results. Circulating levels of @entity650 and @entity1243 were significantly increased in @entity28 @entity1 than in controls. However, catalase and ORAC levels were significantly decreased in @entity28 @entity1 compared to controls. Additionally, @entity28 @entity1 had high scores for the detection of fats (gustatory response scores [GRS]; p < 0.001). Moreover, @entity650 and @entity1243 were strongly associated with GRS alteration among @entity1 with GRS 4 (resp., OR =17.5 [95% CI, 1.56-193.32; p = 0.007]; OR = 16 [95% CI, 1.69-151.11; p = 0.006]). For the Mantel-Haenszel common odds ratio estimate ( @entity8176 OR), @entity650 and @entity1243 were strongly associated with @entity28 , in @entity1 with either GRS 4 or GRS > 4 (resp., @entity8176 OR = 8.77 [95% CI, 2.06-37.44; p = 0.003]; @entity8176 OR = 5.76 [95% CI, 1.64-20.24; p = 0.006]). Conclusions. In a low grade @entity32 linked to @entity28 , taste alteration is associated with high levels of @entity650 and @entity1243 .

title: Increased Gustatory Response Score in Obesity and Association Levels with @entity650 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity1243 :: (3952,Gene) :: ['Leptin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity360 ( @entity360 ) is a common reason for admission to gastroenterologists, with only 2% of @entity1 requiring surgical intervention. The aim of this study was to review the surgical management of @entity1 with non-variceal @entity360 in a single institution over a 12-year period and compare practice with recognised regional and national standards. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data was collected retrospectively for all @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity360 between September 1995 and September 2007. Audit standards included the local hospital protocol, British Society of Gastroenterology Endoscopy Committee guidelines and the UK Comparative Audit of @entity360 and the Use of Blood. RESULTS: 53 @entity1 were identified, of which 41 case notes were available. Mean (range) age of the @entity1 was 75.8 (45-92) years. 56% had pre-existing cardiorespiratory comorbidity and 63% were taking anti-inflammatory drugs. Pre-operative Rockall score was >or=7 in 46% and ASA score was >or=3 in 65% of @entity1 . 56% of operations were performed by the registrar, compared with 20% reported nationally. All cases after 2004 were performed by the consultant. No operations were performed after midnight beyond 1999. 23 (56%) @entity1 suffered @entity532 compared with 55% reported nationally; cardiorespiratory (n = 16), wound @entity281 (n = 7) and rebleed (n = 6). 37% required intensive care support and median length of hospital stay was 13 days. In-hospital mortality rate was 10%, compared with 30% reported nationally and this increased with rising Rockall, Blatchford, APACHE-2, P-POSSUM and Charlson scores. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the high rate of morbidity and mortality associated with surgical treatment for @entity360 . The small volume of cases and reduction in registrar operating raises training issues. An integrated approach with greater use of interventional radiology is likely to play a greater role in the future.

title: The surgical management of XXXX : a 12-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding', 'AUGIB']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: PURPOSE: Radiotherapy is the standard adjuvant treatment for @entity957 ( @entity957 ). The Ras/ @entity10412 / @entity584 pathway is the major mechanism associated with radioresistance. To evaluate the potential significance on the outcome of radiotherapy in @entity957 of the Ras/ @entity10412 / @entity584 pathway with respect to methylation of negative regulators, we examined the methylation status of genes known to be involved in Ras/ @entity10412 / @entity584 pathway and aberrantly methylated in @entity1 @entity5 together with the mutation status of @entity984 / @entity8498 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: PCR--denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography was used to examine the methylation status of the @entity15893 , RASSF2A, @entity983 , and @entity21210 genes, and PCR-RFLP was used to determine the mutation status of @entity984 / @entity8498 in 482 OSCCs. Associations between mutation, methylation, clinicopathologic parameters, and outcome were evaluated. RESULTS: The frequencies of @entity984 / @entity8498 mutation and promoter methylation of the @entity15893 , RASSF2A, @entity983 , and @entity21210 genes were 6.6%, 22.4%, 27.8%, 1.2%, and 7.3%, respectively. A combination of @entity15893 and RASSF2A methylation was found to be significantly associated with poor disease-free survival (DFS). Furthermore, a gene dosage effect of the activated Ras/ @entity10412 / @entity584 signal on DFS was observed in @entity1 treated with radiotherapy after surgery but not in @entity1 treated with surgery alone. The Ras/ @entity10412 / @entity584 pathway was activated in 140 primary OSCCs among 286 @entity1 treated with radiotherapy after surgery and methylation of @entity15893 /RASSF2A (75.7%) was the most common mechanism. CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that epigenetic silencing of @entity5 suppressor genes involved in the Ras/ @entity10412 / @entity584 pathway plays an important role in @entity957 radioresistance and this provides a rationale for exploring novel treatment strategies.

title: Methylation of XXXX , RASSF2A, and @entity21210 is associated with poor outcome after radiotherapy, but not surgery, in @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity15893 :: (11186,Gene) :: ['RASSF1A']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the potential effect of @entity5 -induced lymphangiogenesis in @entity957 as a possible mechanism responsible for lymphatic spread. @entity1 AND METHODS: Specimens from 65 @entity1 with invasive @entity5 (31 with and 34 without @entity3 ) were evaluated for lymphatic vessel density (LVD) by the 'hot-spot' method as the density of lymphatic endothelium hyaluronan receptor ( @entity14600 )-positive lymphatic vessels per unit area of tissue. LVD was examined in peritumoral, intratumoral and normal tissue areas. The LVD of each @entity5 in these locations was calculated as the mean of the three highest lymph vessel counts in three to five hot-spots. The nodal status was based on histopathological examination or an uneventful follow-up of >or=2 years. RESULTS: In all @entity1 the mean (SD) peritumoral LVD of 8.05 (3.14)/0.75 mm(2) was significantly higher than for intratumoral and normal tissue, of 4.67 (2.58) and 5.20 (1.87), respectively (P < 0.001). The slightly lower intratumoral LVD than in normal tissue was not significant. The peritumoral LVD was 8.07 (3.29) in metastatic and 8.03 (3.03) in non-metastatic @entity189 . The intratumoral LVD was 5.13 (3.01) in node-positive @entity189 and 4.28 (2.15) in @entity5 with no lymphatic node @entity3 (LNM). Comparing @entity5 with and without LNM, there was no statistically significant difference between intra- and peritumoral LVD. CONCLUSION: Increased LVD does not significantly affect the lymphatic spread in @entity17539 , indicating that there must be alternative mechanisms that selectively enable @entity5 cells to invade lymph vessels and to metastasize into the lymph nodes.

title: Lymphatic spread in XXXX is independent of elevated lymph vessel density.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the penis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity17539 :: ('MESH:D010412', 'Disease') :: ['penile carcinomas']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the penis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility and @entity137 of the addition of cetuximab to @entity1311 , @entity3003 , and concurrent radiation for @entity1 with @entity135 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with stage III or IV locally advanced @entity135 , without distant organ metastases, were eligible. @entity1 received 4 weeks of induction cetuximab followed by weekly cetuximab, @entity1311 , @entity3003 , and concurrent radiation. RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity1 were assessable for chemoradiation @entity137 . Grade 3 and grade 4 @entity33 occurred in 53% and 16% of @entity1 , respectively. Grade 3 and grade 4 @entity20787 occurred in 44% and 9% of @entity1 , respectively. Grade 3/4 @entity20787 was associated with the use of intensity modulated radiation therapy (64% vs.14%, respectively, P < 0.0001). Grade 3 and grade 4 cetuximab associated acneiform @entity1910 developed in 6% and 3% of @entity1 . Overall 21 @entity1 (66%) had any grade 3 @entity137 and 10 @entity1 (31%) had any grade 4 @entity137 . The percentages of the intended total dose delivered of @entity3003 , cetuximab, @entity1311 , and radiation were 86%, 89%, 89%, and 96%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Cetuximab, when combined with @entity1311 , @entity3003 and intensity modulated radiation therapy, increases dermatologic @entity137 but does not increase mucosal @entity137 as compared with previous Brown University Oncology Group studies of @entity1311 , @entity3003 , and conventional radiation for @entity1 with @entity135 .

title: Cetuximab, @entity1311 , XXXX , and radiation for @entity135 : a @entity137 analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer of the head and neck', 'head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity20787 :: ('MESH:D011855', 'Disease') :: ['radiation dermatitis']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: Some protein transduction methods have already been developed for regenerative medicine application. These methods can be applied to soluble proteins but not to insoluble proteins, such as those that originate from inclusion bodies, for example, @entity526 . We have developed a method that allows the in vitro solubilization of denatured proteins without refolding and their efficient cellular internalization through conjugation to the peptide, @entity28483 (R8), via @entity1520 bonds with @entity462 residues. Ovalbumin (OVA), denatured in @entity1133 solution containing @entity3902 , was used as a model protein. The R8 peptide was conjugated with OVA in @entity1133 solution. Denatured OVA was recovered in the insoluble fraction after dialysis against @entity1391 -buffered saline. However, almost all the R8-conjugated OVA was recovered in the soluble fraction and used for translocation experiments in HeLa, @entity3569 ovary-K1, Cos-7, and matured dendritic cells, where efficient internalization of the protein conjugate was observed. Furthermore, we formulated R8-conjugated b-galactosidase and R8-conjugated luciferase using a similar procedure, and investigated how the conjugated proteins are processed after cell internalization. We also observed that only a small fraction of these proteins refolded and almost all underwent intracellular degradation. These results suggest that this method is suitable for the transduction of antigen-presenting cells and will benefit research and innovation in vaccine design and discovery.

title: Conjugation to @entity28483 via XXXX bonds confers solubility to denatured proteins in physiological solution and enables efficient cell internalization.

entities_list: @entity28483 :: ('MESH:C448619', 'Chemical') :: ['octa-arginine']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity3902 :: ('MESH:D004229', 'Chemical') :: ['dithiothreitol']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1520 :: (CHEBI:48343,Chemical) :: ['disulfide']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the prognostic parameters of @entity41 after chemotherapy of advanced germ cell @entity5 to improve on the current indications for surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1996 and January 2000, in 8 centers of the German @entity5 Study Group, preoperative parameters were assessed to predict @entity39 in the @entity41 of 261 @entity1 with retroperitoneal @entity41 resection after first (92%) and second line (8%) chemotherapy. RESULTS: Of 232 evaluable @entity1 39 had pure @entity4797 and 5 had viable @entity5 (1 with @entity4797 ) in the @entity41 . Of the remaining 193 @entity1 with nonseminoma 35% had @entity39 , 34% @entity44 and 31% had viable @entity189 in the @entity41 . After multivariate analysis and exclusion of @entity1 with @entity4797 , the 3 parameters independently predictive of @entity39 were @entity160 before chemotherapy less than 20 ng/ml, and @entity5 volume before and after chemotherapy. A mathematical model to predict @entity39 yielded a test accuracy of 75%, a sensitivity to predict @entity39 of 52% and a specificity of 87%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with pure @entity4797 should not undergo @entity41 resection because 97% of @entity1 who received adequate chemotherapy were found to have no @entity4797 . In cases of nonseminoma @entity160 values before chemotherapy less than 20 ng/ml and a high percentage of shrinkage during chemotherapy reliably predicted only 19% of cases of @entity39 . Therefore, this model is clinically irrelevant and @entity1 with minimal @entity66 should undergo surgery. New methods are necessary to improve the preoperative selection of @entity1 after chemotherapy.

title: Prediction of XXXX after chemotherapy of advanced germ cell @entity5 : results of a prospective multicenter trial of the German @entity5 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors', 'residual tumor', 'necrotic residual tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Testicular Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['residual seminoma', 'seminoma']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is limited evidence on the natural course of ventral and incisional @entity547 and the results of @entity547 repair, what might partially be explained by the lack of an accepted classification system. The aim of the present study is to investigate the association of the criteria included in the Wuerzburg classification system of ventral and @entity260 and long-term recurrence. METHODS: In a retrospective cohort study, the data on 330 consecutive @entity1 who underwent surgery to repair ventral and incisional @entity547 were analyzed. The following four classification criteria were applied: (a) recurrence rating (ventral, incisional or incisional recurrent); (b) morphology (location); (c) size of the hernial gap; and (d) risk factors. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of a recurrence during follow-up. Secondary endpoints were incidence of @entity260 . Independent association between classification criteria, type of surgical procedures and @entity260 was calculated by multivariate logistic regression analysis and between classification criteria, type of surgical procedures and risk of long-term recurrence by Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Follow-up lasted a mean 47.7    23.53 months (median 45 months) or 3.9    1.96 years. The criterion "recurrence rating" was found as predictive factor for @entity260 in the multivariate analysis (OR 2.04; 95 % CI 1.09-3.84; incisional vs. @entity4037 ). The criterion "morphology" had influence neither on the incidence of the critical event "recurrence during follow-up" nor on the incidence of @entity260 . Hernial gap "width" predicted @entity260 in the multivariate analysis (OR 1.98; 95 % CI 1.19-3.29;  <=5 vs. >5 cm). Length of the hernial gap was found to be an independent prognostic factor for the critical event "recurrence during follow-up" (HR 2.05; 95 % CI 1.25-3.37;  <=5 vs. >5 cm). The presence of 3 or more risk factors was a consistent predictor for "recurrence during follow-up" (HR 2.25; 95 % CI 1.28-9.92). Mesh repair was an independent protective factor for "recurrence during follow-up" compared to suture (HR 0.53; 95 % CI 0.32-0.86). CONCLUSIONS: The ventral and incisional @entity547 classification of Dietz et al. employs a clinically proven terminology and has an open classification structure. Hernial gap size and the number of risk factors are independent predictors for "recurrence during follow-up", whereas recurrence rating and hernial gap size correlated significantly with the incidence of @entity260 . We propose the application of these criteria for future clinical research, as larger @entity1 numbers will be needed to refine the results.

title: Importance of recurrence rating, morphology, hernial gap size, and risk factors in ventral and incisional XXXX classification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'incisional hernias with postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: Objective.    Classically, a decerebrated animal by mesencephalic lesioning is considered the paradigm for experimental study of @entity508 that accompanies @entity306 , but, the model does not actually correspond with anatomical and pathologic realities. Therefore, a new and novel animal model is needed. Our objective was to create a more adapted animal model to be used in neuromodulation and functional electrical stimulation research. Materials and Methods.    Our new model in @entity1707 closely simulates cortical and @entity75 produced by perinatal @entity75 , which is present in @entity306 and other @entity508 . Our surgical lesions were produced by means of resecting the rolandic and perirolandic areas ( @entity75 ) and @entity1173 and coagulation of white matter and deep gray nuclei. This model results in anatomic and pathologic configurations that are similar to @entity1 @entity306 . We physiologically tested our model both in the pre- and postoperative situations. After experimental stimulation in nonoperated animals to establish mean latencies for preoperative bilateral cervical motor-evoked potentials and to confirm the absence of abnormally propagated electromyographic activity, another group of animals were retested using the same experimental variables before and after creation of the surgical lesioning in cortical and subcortical @entity9917 . Results.    Normal latencies and no propagated electromyographic responses were found in sham animals. There were significant differences found in both latencies for motor-evoked potentials and electromyographic propagated responses when compared to pre- and postoperative values, which signaled abnormal physiology. Conclusions.    This animal model presents anatomic similarities to lesions currently present in @entity306 and @entity66 . The model also shows electrophysiologic differences that signal chronic @entity75 . Therefore, this method is useful in research when @entity508 produced by @entity66 need to be modeled.

title: New animal model to mimic @entity306 : the brain-damaged XXXX preparation.

entities_list: @entity9917 :: ('MESH:C538104', 'Disease') :: ['pyramidal areas']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['related diseases', 'upper motor lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cortical lesion', 'anoxic brain damage', 'subcortical lesions', 'brain damage']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spastic syndromes', 'spasticity', 'spastic conditions']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['spastic cerebral palsy', 'cerebral palsy']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: The myocardial release of @entity7766 -like immunoreactivity (NPY-LI) and @entity1063 (NA) during exercise with and without arterial @entity519 was measured in 18 healthy @entity1 by arterial (a) and coronary sinus (cs) catheterization. Exercise was performed in the supine position on a cycle ergometer at a load, selected to produce a heart rate during air breathing of 120 beats @entity1009 . Coronary sinus blood flow (CSBF) was measured and a and cs samples for NPY-LI, NA, @entity26 and @entity880 analyses were taken at rest and after 6 min exercise. The inspiratory gas was then switched to 15% (n = 8) or 12% (n = 10) @entity26 in @entity1568 , exercise continued at the same load and measurements repeated after 6 min. At rest no significant release and during normoxic exercise a very small myocardial release of NPY-LI and NA was detected. During @entity519 compared to normoxia the cardiac NPY-LI release increased four-fold and the NA net release doubled at the same time as the arterial NPY-LI remained unaltered or only slightly increased. Both the NPY-LI and the NA net release from the heart correlated with the heart rate and the arterial but not the cs @entity26 tension. The NPY-LI release was correlated with the NA net release. The findings suggest that arterial @entity519 stimulates cardiac NPY together with NA release which derives from local sympathetic nerves. The release from the heart seems to be greater than from other tissues.

title: @entity7766 is released together with @entity1063 from the XXXX heart during exercise and @entity519 .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity704 is a @entity6732 which induces T cell development. However, the frequency of mature @entity404 (+) T cells in @entity704 is lower than in normal thymi. Recently, @entity404 / @entity405 lineage commitment has been elucidated in animal model. The @entity219 finger transcription factor @entity28774 is a critical factor to @entity404 (+) T cell development in @entity404 / @entity405 lineage commitment, whereas @entity405 (+) T cell development requires the transcription factor @entity10429 . These factors antagonize in @entity404 / @entity405 lineage commitment. In this study, we examined @entity28774 and @entity10429 mRNA expression in the T cell subsets of @entity1 normal thymus and @entity704 . A quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction examination revealed that @entity28774 expression in normal thymi was higher in the @entity404 (+) @entity405 (-) subset than in the @entity404 (+) @entity405 (+) and @entity404 (-) @entity405 (+) subsets. In @entity704 , @entity28774 expression in the @entity404 (+) @entity405 (-) subset was significantly lower than that in normal thymi, and was significantly correlated with the proportion of CD3(+) cells in the @entity404 (+) @entity405 (-) subset. However, @entity28774 expressions of the CD3(+) @entity404 (+) @entity405 (+) and CD3(+) @entity404 (+) @entity405 (-) subsets were not impaired in @entity704 compared to normal thymi. These results suggest that @entity704 neoplastic epithelial cells can induce @entity28774 expression similarly to the normal thymic epithelial cells. In addition, there was no significant difference in @entity10429 expression between normal thymi and @entity704 . Therefore, @entity404 / @entity405 lineage commitment dependent on @entity28774 and @entity10429 system seems to be working even in the neoplastic environment formed by @entity1 @entity704 .

title: Regulation of @entity28774 and @entity10429 in T cell development in XXXX @entity704 .

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['Thymoma', 'thymoma', 'thymomas']

entities_list: @entity6732 :: ('MESH:D013953', 'Disease') :: ['thymic epithelial neoplasm']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: African American @entity0 @entity1 have a higher mortality rate than their Caucasian counterparts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether race is a poor prognostic factor in @entity0 survival after multiple other prognostic factors are taken into account. STUDY DESIGN: The @entity5 registry data from two institutions between the years 1982 and 1995 were combined for the analysis. A total of 1,745 @entity1 , including 1,297 African American and 448 Caucasian @entity1 , were available for analysis. Race, age, income, stage, histologic findings, type of operation, and treating institution were evaluated as possible key prognostic variables. RESULTS: In a univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, African American @entity1 with @entity0 were 1.27 times more likely to die than Caucasians when @entity204 from disease was measured (p = 0.01, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.47). When all factors were included in a Cox regression analysis, only the stage of disease at diagnosis, age, and whether the @entity1 had a therapeutic surgical treatment were statistically significant. Race, income, hospital, and histologic findings were not significant, although they were significant when used in a univariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Poor survival of African American @entity0 @entity1 seems to be related to their advanced stage at presentation and young age. To improve survival in these @entity1 , efforts should be concentrated on aggressive screening at a young age to detect the disease at an earlier stage.

title: Is race a poor prognostic factor in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Bevacizumab (Avastin, Genetech/Roche) is an anti-angiogenic drug approved for treating @entity1 with @entity11 that reduces @entity4 and mass effect, but has been suggested to promote multifocal @entity5 spread within the brain. @entity1 with systemic @entity5 are also treated with bevacizumab, but there is limited information regarding effects of the drug on the neuroimaging or neuropathological features of metastatic @entity149 . We report 2 @entity1 with @entity1149 who had received bevacizumab for their systemic @entity5 and then developed @entity73 consistent with @entity62 . Diagnosis of @entity3909 ( @entity3909 ) was confounded and delayed by the finding of atypical neuroimaging features, including minimal to absent leptomeningeal enhancement and unusual perivascular and punctate @entity548 and multifocal @entity854 suspicious for @entity1333 or @entity6249 . Neuropathological assessment confirmed @entity3909 but, in the autopsy case also disclosed extraordinary perivascular spread of individual metastatic @entity5 cells to the depth of capillaries. The pattern was reminiscent of vascular "cooption" by @entity5 seen in experimental animals in preclinical trials of bevacizumab. Small @entity1188 were associated with @entity5 and @entity455 , unusual features of @entity3909 in @entity1 who do not receive bevacizumab. In the biopsied @entity1 , multiple @entity5 nodules were identified in superficial cortex. In these two @entity1 , bevacizumab appeared to alter neuroimaging characteristics of @entity3909 , confounded diagnosis and possibly also influenced the pattern of @entity5 spread of @entity3909 . More cases will need to be studied to confirm this latter finding.

title: The imaging and neuropathological effects of Bevacizumab (Avastin) in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'perivascular tumor', 'malignancies', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS disease']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['leptomeningeal carcinomatosis', 'LC']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['small vessel vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['subgyral signal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter dementia']

answer: @entity3909 :: (MESH:D055756,Disease) :: ['leptomeningeal carcinomatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is a huge problem in Burundi. In order to improve the provision of services at hospital, health centre and community levels, the Ministry of Health is piloting the introduction of @entity3147 prevention and care indicators within its @entity1297 ( @entity1297 ) scheme. Paying for units of services and for qualitative indicators is expected to enhance provision and quality of these nutrition services, as @entity1297 has done, in Burundi and elsewhere, for several other services. METHODS: This paper presents the protocol for the impact evaluation of the @entity1297 scheme applied to @entity3147 . The research design consists in a mixed methods model adopting a sequential explanatory design. The quantitative component is a cluster-randomized controlled evaluation design: among the 90 health centres selected for the study, half receive payment related to their results in @entity3147 activities, while the other half get a budget allocation. Qualitative research will be carried out both during the intervention period and at the end of the quantitative evaluation. Data are collected from 1) baseline and follow-up surveys of 90 health centres and 6,480 households with @entity1 aged 6 to 23  months, 2) logbooks filled in weekly in health centres, and 3) in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The evaluation aims to provide the best estimate of the impact of the project on @entity3147 outcomes in the community as well as outputs at the health centre level ( @entity3147 care outputs) and to describe quantitatively and qualitatively the changes that took place (or did not take place) within health centres as a result of the program. DISCUSSION: Although @entity1297 schemes are blooming in low in-come countries, there is still a need for evidence, especially on the impact of revising the list of remunerated indicators. It is expected that this impact evaluation will be helpful for the national policy dialogue in Burundi, but it will also provide key evidence for countries with an existing @entity1297 scheme and confronted with @entity3147 problems on the appropriateness to extend the strategy to nutrition services. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov  PRS Identifier: NCT02721160 ; registered March 2016.

title: Measuring and understanding the effects of a XXXX scheme applied to nutrition services in Burundi-a mixed method impact evaluation design.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1297 :: ('MESH:D019292', 'Disease') :: ['PBF', 'performance based financing']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity1297 :: (MESH:D019292,Disease) :: ['performance based financing']


abstract: The outcomes of 31 cases of limb salvage procedures for @entity3478 performed between 1974 and August 1988 were investigated. The age at operation ranged from 7 to 76. Thirteen cases were growing @entity1 under 15. The site of lesions were humerus in 6 cases, femur in 20, tibia in 3 and fibula in 2. Pathological diagnoses were @entity421 in 19, @entity511 in 5 and others in 7. Reconstructive procedures were performed in 28 cases, consisting of endoprosthetic replacements in 18, vascularized fibula grafts in 6 and free autogenous bone grafts in 4. Two cases of @entity421 recurred, and amputations were performed. Six cases died of pulmonary metastases, while 22 cases (71%) are alive and free of disease. Functional results depended mainly on the size and site of resection rather than on the reconstructive procedures, and were generally good in the proximal femur and fibula, and poor in the distal femur and proximal tibia. Discrepancy in the length of lower limbs occurred in 8 cases of growing @entity1 ; 5 of 6 vascularized fibula grafts showed thickening of the grafted bones, and one of them grew by 2.5 cm in length. Endoprosthetic replacements are adequate for hip and shoulder regions, and for @entity8597 which does not require chemotherapy or irradiation. Free autogenous bone grafts are good for @entity79 , and cases of arthrodesis of joint. Vascularized fibula grafts are adequate for the upper limb, and lower limb of growing @entity1 .

title: [Limb salvage procedures in XXXX of the extremities, with special reference to the various reconstructive procedures of @entity79 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity8597 :: ('MESH:D036821', 'Disease') :: ['low grade sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['malignant bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['narrow defect of bone']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity3478 :: (MESH:D001859,Disease) :: ['malignant bone tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of exposure time and stages of cell growth on the effects of specific @entity10178 inhibitor NSAIDs on growth and differentiation of osteoblasts on smooth @entity702 surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was categorized into 5 groups: group A, 0.1 microM @entity3352 ; group B, 1.5 microM @entity12698 ; group C, 3.0 microM @entity12698 ; group D, 9.0 microM @entity12698 ; and group E, serum-free culture medium without drug treatment. A @entity19 calvarial cell line, MC3T3-E1, was seeded on acid-prickled surface @entity702 disks. The investigations were performed in 3 experimental phases based on stages of cell growth: static (24 hours after seeding), log (culture day 5), and plateau (culture day 12). In each experimental phase, cells on @entity702 disks were incubated in a medium treated with drugs according to the groups of study for 1, 3, and 5 days. RESULTS: @entity3352 and @entity12698 in groups A to D inhibited growth of cells on treatment days 3 and 5 in static phase and on treatment day 3 in log phase. Additionally, an inhibitory effect of @entity3352 was greater than @entity12698 . Effects on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteocalcin were not clearly demonstrated. A significant decrease of @entity1421 production was found in groups A to D in static and plateau but not log phases. CONCLUSION: A specific @entity10178 inhibitor NSAID, @entity12698 , inhibited growth of osteoblasts on @entity702 surfaces and the effects were influenced by exposure time and stages of cell growth. Using a specific @entity10178 inhibitor might cause deterioration of osteointegration of dental implants by interfering with osteoblastic cell growth in the proliferative stage.

title: Factors influencing effects of specific @entity10178 inhibitor NSAIDs on growth and differentiation of @entity19 osteoblasts on XXXX surfaces.

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin', 'indomethacin']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity693 is an uncommon disease usually caused by @entity797 and @entity6375 and is associated with a high mortality rate. @entity797 casseliflavus has been implicated in a wide variety of @entity281 in @entity1 , but never in @entity693 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 77-year-old Italian female presented for evaluation of fever, stupor, @entity294 and @entity391 of 3 days duration. There was no history of @entity542 nor of previous surgical procedures. She had been suffering from @entity309 for 30 years, for which she was being treated with @entity230 and @entity1499 . On admission, she was febrile, alert but not oriented to time and place. Her neck was stiff, and she had a positive Kernig's sign. The @entity1 's cerebrospinal fluid was opalescent with a @entity413 concentration of 14 mg/dl, a protein level of 472 mg/dl, and a white cell count of 200/muL with 95% polymorphonuclear leukocytes and 5% lymphocytes. Gram staining of CSF revealed no organisms, culture yielded E. casseliflavus. The @entity1 was successfully treated with @entity2889 and @entity869 - @entity5899 . CONCLUSIONS: E. casseliflavus can be inserted among the etiologic agents of @entity693 . Awareness of @entity4767 with @entity797 species that possess an intrinsic @entity2176 resistance should be increased.

title: @entity693 caused by XXXX casseliflavus. First case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4767 :: ('MESH:D002494', 'Disease') :: ['infection of central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis', 'Enterococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis', 'Enterococcus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6375 :: ('1352', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecium']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity5899 :: ('MESH:D013407', 'Chemical') :: ['sulbactam']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity797 :: (1351,Species) :: ['Enterococcus']


abstract: AIM: @entity1412 is an inflammatory disease of unknown origin. Systemic @entity134 treatment is effective not only in decreasing polyp size but also in controlling @entity32 . We evaluated the efficacy of mean-term systemic corticosteroid treatment in @entity1412 clinically and radiologically. METHODS: Seventy-five @entity1 with @entity1412 were included in this study. @entity1 were treated with @entity1667 for 20 days. Clinical response was evaluated by nasal symptom scores and changes in polyp size; disease extent was assessed by paranasal sinus tomography. Nasal symptom score, polyp size, and disease extent were reevaluated after therapy. RESULTS: Twenty-one (28%) of 75 @entity1 were female, and 54 (72%) were male. The mean age was 41.63    11.04 with a range of 17 to 80 years. As shown radiologically, 26.7% (n = 20) of @entity1 completely healed, and 41.3% (n = 31) partially healed, whereas there was no improvement in 32% (n = 24). There was a statistically significant improvement in radiological assessment (P < 0.01). The sense of smell showed the greatest improvement (56.98%). The least-improved symptoms were @entity158 and @entity10 (37.74%). There was a statistically significant decrease in polyp grade (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Systemic @entity134 treatment caused a decrease in all nasal symptoms and polyp size and improved paranasal computed tomography results. In addition, it shortened the duration of surgery and improved the quality of the procedure. Systemic @entity134 treatment also contributed to the prevention of recurrence.

title: Efficacy of systemic @entity134 treatment in sinonasal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyposis', 'Nasal polyposis']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['polyposis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of @entity9110 resistance (NIR) on the efficacy of treatment for @entity1534 ( @entity1534 ) @entity281 by meta-analysis of the world literature. METHODS: A MEDLINE search, a manual search of all major gastroenterological journals from 1993 to 1997, and abstracts of gastroenterological and @entity1534 meetings from 1993 to 1997 were performed. All treatment studies using a @entity9110 and providing data about the medication used, dose frequency, total daily dose, duration of treatment, and eradication results in relation to NIR were included. Eradication had to be assessed by two biopsy-based tests or a @entity1133 breath test > or = 4 wk after treatment. Individual studies were pooled into groups according to the medication used and the duration of treatment. The pooled estimate of the odds ratio (OR) of NIR for treatment failure and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated for each group using the logit method. To detect any possible bias, funnel plots (plots of effect estimates against sample size) were constructed. RESULTS: A total of 91 treatment arms, including a total of 4823 @entity1 , were evaluated. The pooled ORs of NIR for treatment failure (95% CI) of proton pump inhibitors, @entity1535 , and quadruple regimens were 5.2 (3.8-7.1), 5.9 (4.1-8.3), and 7.0 (3.1-16.0), respectively. Eradication rates were 90% in susceptible strains but <75% in resistant strains. In susceptible strains, neither treatment duration nor the choice of the second antibiotic influenced efficacy. In resistant strains, @entity803 was more effective than @entity115 ( @entity1535 regimens), and the longer the duration of regimens ( @entity1535 - @entity115 regimens) the more effective they were. Only quadruple regimens given for > or = 1 wk were effective in resistant strains. CONCLUSIONS: NIR decreases treatment efficacy. Treatment duration and choice of other drugs influence the impact of NIR on treatment efficacy. If NIR is present, a @entity9110 -containing regimen should be avoided or a quadruple regimen should be given for > 1 wk.

title: The influence of in vitro @entity9110 resistance on the efficacy of XXXX -containing anti- @entity1534 @entity1534 regimens: a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9110 :: ('CHEBI:67135', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroimidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity9110 :: (CHEBI:67135,Chemical) :: ['nitroimidazole']


abstract: Sleep is a physiological process with an internal program of a number of well defined sleep stages and intermediate wakefulness periods. The sleep stages do modulate the @entity3002 are accompanied by different regulation regimes for the @entity65 . The differences in regulation can be distinguished by new analysis techniques on the recorded signals. In addition to normal sleep regulation some @entity25 affect the @entity65 . The most prevalent @entity25 and changes in the autonomous system @entity27 . In @entity1 with @entity27 marked short term changes in @entity65 are observed during sleep. These abnormalities in regulation are further differentiated between the sleep stages. For long term @entity27 is recognized as a major risk factor for arterial @entity101 . @entity27 lowers blood pressure during the night and over time also lowers blood pressure during daytime. In this study we investigated 18 @entity1 with @entity387 and normal blood pressure, 10 @entity1 with @entity387 and arterial @entity101 and 10 normal subjects as controls. Both @entity1 groups were tested with cardiorespiratory polysomnography before and under @entity3128 therapy. The effects on @entity65 during sleep and daytime are investigated in the three groups.

title: Cardiovascular and respiratory regulation during sleep in XXXX with @entity387 with and without @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders', 'disorder linked to sleep']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['is obstructive sleep apnea', 'changes obstructive sleep apnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea', 'Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['autonomous nervous system and thereby the sleep stages']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and respiratory system', 'cardiovascular and respiratory regulation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1205 is one of the most promising chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of metastatic @entity0 , but it shows fearful side effects. We hypothesized that a novel targeted nanoassembly (TNA) could provide efficient intracellular drug delivery in @entity0 cells overexpressing @entity12841 and thus improve the efficacy and reduce the side effects of @entity1205 . We prepared the novel @entity1205 loaded TNAs formed by @entity32755 ( @entity32755 ) and modified with EGF. Compared with nontargeted nanoassemblies (NNAs), TNAs showed obvious improvement of cell-specific uptake and internalization, and revealed more @entity137 against MDA-MB-468 cells by inducing more late apoptosis and subG1 cells at low drug concentration, or more G2/M arrest at high drug concentration than NNAs or Taxotere. In BALB/c @entity19 bearing @entity0 xenografts, TNAs showed stronger inhibition of @entity5 growth compared with NNAs (relative @entity5 volume in @entity19 treated with 5 mg/kg TNAs = 0.99 and 10 mg/kg NNAs = 1.71, p < 0.05) or Taxotere (relative @entity5 volume in @entity19 treated with 5 mg/kg TNAs = 0.99 and 10 mg/kg Taxotere = 4.20, p < 0.01). In particular, @entity5 disappeared completely in the TNA group at a dose of 10 mg/kg. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of TNAs was about four times higher than that of Taxotere. TNAs also demonstrated a much longer circulation time in vivo and more drug accumulation in @entity5 in a @entity19 @entity0 model than Taxotere. TNA treatment also prolonged survival of @entity19 . These results suggested that TNAs could have more potential as a delivery system for @entity0 chemotherapy.

title: Targeted nanoassembly loaded with @entity1205 improves intracellular drug delivery and efficacy in @entity19 XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity12841 :: ('13649(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['Docetaxel', 'docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity32755 :: ('MESH:C107570', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine', 'PEG-DSPE']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: It was the objective of this study to evaluate the anti- @entity715 potency of direct @entity6236 inhibition with @entity29825 in stable coronary @entity1 , using an ex-vivo model of arterial @entity715 formation. Tissue factor pathway is important in atherothrombosis. Direct @entity6236 blockade may more potently reduce @entity715 and prevent coronary events. Badimon Perfusion Chamber 5-minute quantitative studies have shown 40-55% arterial @entity715 reduction with abciximab, 23% with @entity1397 , but none with heparin. Coronary @entity1 (n = 18, 59 +/- 9 years, 55% males) were blindly randomized to four groups receiving 24-hour infusion of a low, medium or high dose of direct @entity6236 inhibitor @entity29825 , or placebo. Arterial @entity715 formation was measured in Badimon Chamber at baseline, end-of-infusion [EoI], and four hours and eight hours after EoI, and factor-X activity, prothrombin time [PT] ratio and plasma drug levels were measured simultaneously. For the low-, medium- and high-dose @entity29825 groups, mean percent-reduction in @entity715 size from baseline to EoI were 29%, 34% and 68%, respectively (p < 0.001), and at 8-h post EoI were 11%, 19% and 27%, respectively (p < 0.01). Mean PT-ratio prolongation showed a strong linear relationship (Pearson's r = 0.93) with @entity29825 plasma concentration. Mean percent-reduction in factor-X activity from baseline was 13%, 42% and 58%, respectively. Placebo had no effect on @entity715 size or factor-X activity. In conclusion, direct @entity6236 inhibition with @entity29825 markedly reduces ex-vivo arterial @entity715 formation and factor-X activity in a dose-dependent manner. Plasma levels of @entity29825 show a strong linear correlation with PT ratio. This direct @entity6236 inhibitor may reduce the need for additional potent glycoprotein IIbIIIa inhibition.

title: Potent arterial antithrombotic effect of direct @entity6236 inhibition with @entity29825 administered to coronary artery disease XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization classified the entire ultraviolet (UV) spectrum and artificial UV tanning devices as carcinogenic to @entity1 . Italian law has prohibited the use of tanning equipment by @entity1 under 18 years of age and by high-risk populations. OBJECTIVES: The present large survey aimed to determine the prevalence of current sunbed use in Italy and to identify user characteristics. This study identifies starting points for future national interventions to reduce the health risks of exposure to artificial UV radiation. METHODS: In 2011 we conducted a survey of 4703 @entity1 in an area on the sunny Mediterranean coast in Italy. Through multivariate logistic models we investigated the associations of sunbed use with phenotypical factors. RESULTS: Overall prevalence of sunbed use was 20%, higher among @entity1 (22% vs. 16%; P < 0  0001), and young (22% vs. 17% for age < 35 years; P < 0  0001) and highly educated @entity1 (22% vs. 14%; P < 0  0001). Subjects at high risk of @entity320 used sunbeds significantly more; i.e. @entity1 with freckles (25% vs. 18%; P < 0  0001), red hair (30% vs. 19%; P = 0  01) or fair eyes (22% vs. 19%; P = 0  006). Associations were confirmed in multivariate models. CONCLUSIONS: More @entity1489 monitoring is needed at tanning centres, and educational campaigns should be promoted, especially for young @entity1 and subjects at high risk of @entity320 .

title: Sunbed use among subjects at high risk of XXXX : an Italian survey after the ban.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'humans', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: Although the efficacy of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) for coronary thrombolysis is well established, its direct cardioprotective effect - independent of its thrombolytic effect - is still controversial. In addition, the potentiation of t-PA's direct cardioprotective effect by @entity2871 A2 synthetase inhibitor has recently been reported. In this study, the authors examined whether t-PA alone or in combination with @entity33064 , a @entity2871 A2 synthetase inhibitor, is able to salvage ischemic myocardium via a direct action on myocardium. In addition, the effect of these interventions on @entity548 in reperfused @entity1188 was assessed. A branch of the coronary artery of the @entity95 was occluded for 30 mins and then reperfused for 72 h. @entity583 size and 'area at risk' were determined by histology and fluorescent particles, respectively. The extent of @entity548 was graded using scores. @entity95 were divided into three groups: control, t-PA and @entity33064 plus t-PA. The t-PA was administered intravenously at 500 iu/kg/min for 30 mins starting 5 mins prior to reperfusion. @entity33064 was injected intravenously at a dosage of 10 mg/kg every 24 h starting 2 hr prior to @entity1563 . Mortality was similar and hemodynamic parameters and area at risk were comparable between all three groups. The @entity583 size as a percentage of area at risk was 44.5 +/- 3.8% (mean +/- standard error) (n = 9) in the control group, 41.6 +/- 4.6% in the t-PA group (n = 8) and 51.3 +/- 5.2% in @entity33064 plus t-PA group (n = 8), not significantly different (ANOVA). Neither were the @entity548 scores significantly different between the groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Tissue-type plasminogen activator alone or in combination with XXXX A2 synthetase inhibitor for ischemic myocardium.

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intramyocardial hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct', 'Myocardial infarct']

answer: @entity2871 :: (CHEBI:26995,Chemical) :: ['thromboxane']


abstract: CONTEXT: Although advances in treatment have permitted @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) to live longer, the rates of several types of @entity5 in these @entity1 appear to be increasing. OBJECTIVE: We used a prospective study to investigate the prevalence and features of @entity259 in @entity1252 @entity1 . DESIGN AND @entity1 : The prevalence of @entity259 in 153 unselected @entity1252 @entity1 was compared with that in two population-based, gender- and age-matched control groups: 1) 459 subjects from an @entity1496 -deficient area ( @entity1496 -deficient control) and 2) 459 subjects from an @entity1496 -sufficient area ( @entity1496 -sufficient control). Thyroid function was assessed by measuring circulating thyroid hormones and autoantibodies, thyroid ultrasonography, and where necessary, fine-needle aspiration cytology. MAIN OUTCOME AND RESULTS: The levels of circulating TSH, and anti-thyroglobulin and anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies were significantly higher in @entity1252 @entity1 (P < 0.001 for all). In addition, @entity1 with @entity1252 also exhibited a higher prevalence of @entity1375 (P < 0.001). Five cases of @entity3557 were detected among @entity1252 @entity1 , whereas no cases were observed among @entity1496 -deficient controls (P = 0.001), and only one case was observed among @entity1496 -sufficient controls (P = 0.001). Among @entity1252 @entity1 with confirmed @entity259 , 80% showed evidence of @entity1669 , whereas only 31% of @entity1252 @entity1 without @entity259 exhibited evidence of @entity1669 (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the prevalence of @entity3557 in @entity1252 @entity1 is higher than in age-matched controls, particularly in @entity1 with @entity1669 . Consequently, careful thyroid surveillance is recommended during the follow-up of these @entity1 .

title: @entity259 in XXXX : a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recombinant allergens offer a tool for improving @entity6542 ( @entity6542 ). OBJECTIVE: To find the optimal dose of a new hypoallergenic folding variant of recombinant @entity3991 v 1 (rBet v 1-FV) as @entity6542 for @entity1 with birch pollen @entity566 . METHODS: Before @entity6542 , thirty-seven adult @entity1 were exposed for eight hours in an environmental exposure chamber (EEC) to birch pollen at an average concentration of 3500    500 grains/m(3) , then randomized to four maintenance dose groups of rBet v 1-FV and one placebo group: 20  g (n = 7), 80  g (n = 8), 160  g (n = 7), 320  g (n = 8), and placebo (n = 7). @entity1 were treated for 10 weeks with weekly injections and then re-exposed in the EEC. The optimal dose for @entity6542 was assessed using efficacy results from the EEC, IgG responses, and tolerability. RESULTS: Thirty-six @entity1 were evaluable for efficacy assessment. The total symptom score significantly decreased in all active groups compared with placebo (-18.8% for placebo @entity1 ; -71.9%, P = 0.0022 for 20  g; -75.6%, P = 0.0007 for 80  g; -81.8%, P = 0.0009 for 160  g; -78.3%, P = 0.0003 for 320  g). IgG1 increased significantly in all active groups compared to placebo. All four active doses were well tolerated, no serious adverse event occurred; two Grade II reactions, according to EAACI classification, were observed, one in each of the 160- and 320- g groups. CONCLUSIONS: Considering efficacy, immunological response, and tolerability, a maintenance dose of 80  g of rBet v 1-FV appears to be the ideal dose for allergen immunotherapy in birch pollen @entity56 @entity1 .

title: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study of new recombinant hypoallergenic XXXX v 1 in an environmental exposure chamber.

entities_list: @entity6542 :: ('MESH:C562465', 'Disease') :: ['specific immunotherapy', 'SIT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

answer: @entity3991 :: (92737,Gene) :: ['Bet']


abstract: @entity453 is one of the most rampant non-communicable diseases in the world. It begins indolently as a @entity1856 that soon progresses to narrow the coronary arteries and impair myocardial perfusion. Often the @entity731 and causes sudden @entity715 and acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ), non-ST-elevation MI (NSTEMI) or @entity1459 ( @entity1459 ). This phenomenon is called @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) and is the leading cause of death not only in Malaysia but also globally. In order for us to tackle this threat to the health of our nation we must arm ourselves with reliable and accurate information to assess current @entity66 resources available and success of current strategies. The @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) registry is the flagship of the National @entity65 Database (NCVD) and is the result of the dedicated and untiring efforts of doctors and nurses in both public and private medical institutions and hospitals around the country, ably guided and supported by the National Heart Association, the National Heart Foundation, the Clinical Research Centre and the Ministry of Health of Malaysia. Analyses of data collected throughout 2006 from 3422 @entity1 with @entity1187 admitted to the 12 tertiary cardiac centres and general hospitals spanning nine states in Malaysia in this first report has already revealed surprising results. Mean age of @entity1 was 59 years while the most consistent risk factor for @entity583 was active smoking. Utilization of medications was high generally. Thirty-day mortality for @entity583 was 11%, for NSTEMI 8% and @entity1459 4%. Thrombolysis (for @entity583 only) reduced in-hospital and 30-day mortality by nearly 50%. Percutaneous coronary intervention or PCI also reduced 30-day mortality for @entity1 with non-ST elevation MI and @entity1459 . The strongest determinants of mortality appears to be Killip Class and age of the @entity1 . Fewer @entity1 received thrombolysis or underwent PCI on same admission although @entity1 make up 25% of the cohort.

title: XXXX ( @entity1187 ) registry--leading the charge for National @entity65 (NCVD) Database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['burden of disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaque ruptures']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['UA', 'unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['fatty streak in the lining of the artery']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic occlusion']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['Acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: There is experimental evidence of trans-synaptic retrograde degeneration of @entity2479 cells following retrogeniculate visual pathway lesions in primate studies. Retinal nerve fibre @entity1805 in @entity1 is well recognized from clinical observation but the findings in acquired lesions have been controversial. Forty-eight @entity1 were recruited and divided into three groups. Two groups were @entity1 with retrogeniculate lesions. In the first group, the @entity16 had occurred during childhood or in adult life whilst the lesions in the second group were congenital. Inclusion criteria for the retrogeniculate lesions included: age >18 years at time of testing; homonymous @entity1805 ; no other @entity16 ; and neuroimaging demonstration of @entity75 . The third group had normal visual function. Measurement of the thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer by optical coherence tomography has been carried out in both eyes of each subject. The primary outcome is the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNT) in microns. The mean RNT in the eyes with @entity1805 (here called the 'crossing-fibre @entity735 ) is 79.8 mu (SD = 35.1 mu) in the acquired and 72.7 mu (SD = 33.2 mu) in the congenital. The mean RNT in eyes with @entity1805 (here called the 'non-crossing-fibre @entity735 ) is 83 mu (SD = 29.5 mu) in the acquired and 73.4 mu (SD = 26 mu) in the congenital. In the control group, the RNT measured 101.4 mu (SD = 36.6 mu) for the left eyes and 100.8 mu (SD = 35.4 mu) for the right eyes. In both crossing-fibre defect eyes and non-crossing-fibre defect eyes the mean RNT is significantly greater in the controls than in the @entity1805 groups (P < 0.001). These data confirm that there is thinning of the retinal nerve fibre layer following both congenital and acquired lesions of the retrogeniculate visual pathway in @entity1 . This is most likely to represent @entity2479 cell loss in both congential and acquired groups. Furthermore the magnitude of the thinning is similar in both groups despite the fact that clinical observation has consistently found evidence of RNT thinning in cases of congenital but not in cases of acquired pathology. The data have also been analysed in 12 sectors around the optic disc: it has been shown that the RNT thinning follows the known trajectories of the crossing and non-crossing @entity2479 cell axons approaching the disc.

title: Retrograde trans-synaptic XXXX cell loss identified by optical coherence tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ganglion']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['occipital lobe damage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmic or neurological disorder', 'occipital damage']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ["defect' eyes"]

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['temporal hemianopia', 'hemianopia', 'loss in congenital homonymous hemianopia', 'nasal hemianopia']

answer: @entity2479 :: (MESH:D012173,Disease) :: ['retinal ganglion']


abstract: Larvae belonging to five species of Hypoderma spp. (Diptera, Oestridae) cause @entity4057 in wild and domestic ruminants that is characterized by migrations within deep tissues. In China hypodermosis is one of the most important arthropod diseases affecting ruminants and, moreover, represents a significant zoonosis, with numerous reports of Hypoderma spp. affecting farmers. Recently, a sixth species, Hypoderma sinense Pleske, has been rediscovered but the endogenous migration pathway within the host body is completely unknown and it represents a major constraint for the control of @entity281 . In December 2003 a total of 165 larval stages of Hypoderma spp. were collected from different anatomical sites of 40 @entity25762 slaughtered at an abattoir in the province of Gansu, China. The morphological characters and size of the recovered larvae were used to infer migratory routes and 45 specimens were also subjected to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay of @entity34079 mtDNA and amplicons sequenced. All the larvae molecularly processed were identified as H. sinense and sequence identity was confirmed by a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) tool carried out using BfaI and HinfI endonucleases. The finding of H. sinense larvae only in the oesophagus or both in oesophagus and subcutaneous tissue of 12 and 15 animals, respectively, indicates that H. sinense larvae migrate through the oesophagus similarly to @entity27792 (De Villers). The description of the endogenous life cycle of H. sinense will help to determine the timing of specific treatment programmes to guarantee the improvement of animal welfare and health, thus resulting in an increase in livestock production in China.

title: First description of the endogenous life cycle of Hypoderma sinense affecting XXXX and cattle in China.

entities_list: @entity27792 :: ('7389', 'Species') :: ['Hypoderma lineatum']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['larval infection']

answer: @entity25762 :: (30521,Species) :: ['yaks']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this prospective innovative treatment is to section the @entity158 pathways carried by sympathetic lumbar rami communicantes to achieve lasting @entity158 . METHODS: From December 2005 to September 2008, nine @entity1 were operated by bilateral section of rami communicantes for a @entity1643 . As a diagnostic and predictive test, all @entity1 had, before surgery, a local anaesthetic infiltration of the sympathetic trunk at L2 performed with computed tomography guidance. Surgery is indicated if the tests lead to a reduction in @entity158 of at least 50 %. The procedure, using a retroperitoneal laparoscopic approach, consisted to identify the sympathetic trunk and to section all lumbar rami communicantes from L1 to L2. RESULTS: No intraoperative complications were observed. The mean postoperative follow-up was 29    15 months. At the last follow-up, only 22 % (2/9) @entity1 had an improvement of their low back @entity158 with this surgery but with a minimal effect (30 and 50 % reduction of @entity158 ). An improvement of quality of life was observed in 33 % (3/9) of cases. Due to persistent @entity158 , four @entity1 had a spinal cord stimulation after this surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Section the @entity158 pathways carried by sympathetic lumbar rami communicantes for @entity1643 improved 22 % of @entity1 at the last follow-up of 29 months.

title: Is section of the sympathetic rami communicantes by laparoscopy in @entity1 with XXXX efficient?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['refractory low back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain relief of refractory low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['refractory low back pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse the effectiveness of @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) therapy in @entity851 @entity1 born small for gestational age (SGA) without catch-up growth (height at the beginning of treatment<-2.5 @entity214 ), in Valencia (Spain), between 01/01/2003 and 12/31/2013; and to compare our findings with previously published data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anthropometric data from the SGA @entity1 were obtained from the database of the   Ministry of Health of Valencia  . These data were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 115 SGA @entity1 , with a mean age of 8.10  2.75 years and height of -3.14  0.59 @entity214 started treatment (dose: 0.035  0.004mg/kg/day) between January 1st, 2003 and March 31st, 2013. After 2 years of therapy (n=115, age: 10.50  2.72 years) the height @entity214 was -2.11  0.66; and after 4 years (n = 96, age: 12.65  2.46 years) of -1.76  0.75 @entity214 . This latest improvement in stature matches ages at which the growth spurt usually occurs. Only 35 out of 115 @entity1 reached adult height, although impaired (-2.22  0.86 @entity214 ), and failed to achieve their target height (-1.72   0.75 @entity214 ). However, this sub-group grew to near the height of the shorter parent (-1.95   1.28 @entity214 ), and 42,9% of these 35 cases increased their stature by more than 1 @entity214 . CONCLUSIONS: The studied sample did not achieve satisfactory growth results, as in other published series. Our findings might be improved by starting treatment earlier, and with doses individualised according to @entity1 characteristics.

title: [Study on @entity2124 treatment in small for gestational age XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short-stature']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity30405 ( @entity8109 alpha), a 115- @entity535 thymic polypeptide, was tested for its effect on soluble antigen, allo- and auto-antigen-induced @entity1 T-cell proliferation. @entity8109 alpha enhanced the secondary T-cell proliferative response to ovalbumin (OVA)- and keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH)-pulsed antigen-presenting cells (peripheral blood monocytes). Maximum enhancement (20-fold for OVA and 23-fold for KLH) occurred when suboptimal concentrations of either OVA or KLH were employed. Subset depletion experiments showed that the helper/inducer T-cell subpopulation was responsible for the observed enhancement. In the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), @entity8109 alpha enhanced autoantigen- (autoMLR; 9- to 14-fold) as well as the alloantigen- (alloMLR; 8- to 10-fold) induced T-cell proliferation when suboptimal ratios of the participating cells were used. Preincubation of the stimulating (autologous or allogeneic monocytes) with @entity8109 alpha induced significantly higher T-cell proliferation in both primary and secondary MLR responses as compared to that induced by non-treated monocytes. In contrast, T lymphocytes pre-incubated with @entity8109 alpha did not show enhanced proliferative activity when tested subsequently in the MLR. Suboptimal numbers of T cells exhibited high proliferative activity when pre-incubated with @entity8109 alpha in the presence of autologous monocytes. These studies suggest that @entity8109 alpha potentiates T-cell proliferative responses not directly, but via monocytes which are included in the cultures either as antigen-presenting cells or accessory and/or stimulator cells. The importance of @entity8109 alpha in pathologically occurring defective cellular immune response systems discussed.

title: Enhancement of @entity1 T lymphocyte functions by XXXX . I. Augmentation of mixed lymphocyte culture reactions and soluble protein-induced proliferative responses.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-acid']

answer: @entity30405 :: (100506248,Gene) :: ['prothymosin alpha']


abstract: Reports in rhinology suggest that operated cases of chronic @entity2490 with @entity480 are more prone to further recurrence. This study was designed to find out if recurrence rate after surgery is related to a possible increase in the incidence and degree of @entity4421 . A prospective study of 82 @entity1 with @entity480 was carried out. They were divided into two groups: group A 50 @entity1 , undergoing FESS for the first time, group B 32 @entity1 , undergoing revision surgery. Histopathological examination was performed for specimens taken from the bony septa of the ethmoid with the overlying mucosa. Bony changes were seen in only 30% of the @entity1 in group A, compared to 87.5% in group B; this difference was statistically highly significant (p = 0.001). Failure was seen in five @entity1 (10%) in group A, 26.6% had @entity4421 . In contrast, failure was seen in 53% of group B, and constituted 60.7% of @entity1 with @entity4421 in this group. Surgery plays a major role in increasing the incidence of @entity4421 in @entity1 with @entity480 . The increase recurrence rate in revision cases is not only related to @entity4421 . There are other factors than @entity4421 which needs further studies.

title: @entity4421 in chronic rhinosinusitis with XXXX : a comparative study between primary and recurrent cases.

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic rhinitis']

answer: @entity480 :: (MESH:D009298,Disease) :: ['nasal polyps']


abstract: OBJECTIVE/PURPOSE: This paper describes a new method of hand @entity254 to complete the Duhamel operation for @entity1963 ( @entity1963 ). METHODOLOGY: All @entity1 had diagnosis of @entity1963 confirmed by rectal biopsy and had defunctioning colostomy. At the definitive operation, the ganglionic bowel was brought down in a retro-rectal position and anastomosed at the anal canal just above the dentate line. At this @entity254 , the sutures at 11 and 1 o' @entity16067 were left long as stay sutures. An incision was then made down the new bowel at the antimesenteric border from the pelvic brim. Another incision was made down the back of the native rectum. A long-curved artery forceps was then passed into the incision in the native rectum out of the anal canal. This forceps was now hooked round the @entity254 at 12 o' @entity16067 and further pushed in until the point appears through the colotomy in the ganglionic bowel. The two layers of bowel between the forceps were incised. The forceps was now inserted to grab the long sutures at 11 o' @entity16067 o' @entity16067 in turn, and delivered through the pelvis. Anastomosis between the edges of the native rectum and the neorectum was then done with interrupted @entity1480 inside and silk outside. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 had the procedure done. Age ranged between 4 months and 4 years (mean 3.4 years). They were all males. One @entity1 died early in the series from reaction to postoperative @entity1337 . Four older @entity1 have bowel motions 2-3 times per day, do not soil at night, and are fully continent. CONCLUSION: This preliminary study shows that hand @entity254 could be used to complete Duhamel operation for @entity1 with @entity1963 with satisfactory early results.

title: New method of hand @entity254 to complete the Duhamel operation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hirschsprung's disease"]

answer: @entity1963 :: (MESH:D006627,Disease) :: ['Hirschsprung's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Gram-negative bacterium @entity21334 (Cpn) is the leading intracellular @entity1 pathogen responsible for @entity1729 such as @entity55 and @entity3617 . Basic and applied research in pathogen biology, especially the elaboration of new mechanism-based anti-pathogen strategies, target discovery and drug development, rely heavily on the availability of the entire set of pathogen open reading frames, the ORFeome. The ORFeome of Cpn will enable genome- and proteome-wide systematic analysis of Cpn, which will improve our understanding of the molecular networks and mechanisms underlying and governing its pathogenesis. RESULTS: Here we report the construction of a comprehensive gene collection covering 98.5% of the 1052 predicted and verified ORFs of Cpn ( @entity35359 ) in Gateway(  ) 'entry' vectors. Based on genomic DNA isolated from the vascular chlamydial strain CV-6, we constructed an ORFeome library that contains 869 unique Gateway(  ) entry clones (83% coverage) and an additional 168 PCR-verified 'pooled' entry clones, reaching an overall coverage of ~98.5% of the predicted @entity35359 ORFs. The high quality of the ORFeome library was verified by PCR-gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing, and its functionality was demonstrated by expressing panels of recombinant proteins in @entity526 and by genome-wide protein interaction analysis for a test set of three Cpn virulence factors in a yeast 2-hybrid system. The ORFeome is available in different configurations of resource stocks, PCR-products, purified plasmid DNA, and living cultures of @entity526 harboring the desired entry clone or pooled entry clones. All resources are available in 96-well microtiterplates. CONCLUSION: This first ORFeome library for Cpn provides an essential new tool for this important pathogen. The high coverage of entry clones will enable a systems biology approach for Cpn or host-pathogen analysis. The high yield of recombinant proteins and the promising interactors for Cpn virulence factors described here demonstrate the possibilities for proteome-wide studies.

title: Construction of a highly flexible and comprehensive gene collection representing the ORFeome of the @entity1 pathogen XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity35359 :: ('115713', 'Species') :: ['Chlamydia pneumoniae strain CWL029', 'CWL029']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity21334 :: ('83558', 'Species') :: ['Chlamydia pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity21334 :: (83558,Species) :: ['Chlamydia pneumoniae']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the percentages of pregnant @entity1 with @entity1468 who reached the therapeutic serum @entity1760 levels between those who received maintenance @entity2399 infusion of 2 g/hour versus I g/hour MATERIAL AND METHOD: Sixty @entity1 diagnosed of @entity1468 and @entity2399 that were considered for @entity410 prophylaxis were randomized into two groups. A loading dose of 5 g @entity2399 was given intravenously over 20 minutes to both groups. Maintenance doses of @entity2399 of 2 g/hour and 1 g/hour were given to the study and control groups, respectively. The maintenance dose was continued until 24 hours postpartum. Blood samples for serum @entity1760 were collected @entity21194 , and 4 hours after the loading dose and at 2 and 12 hours after delivery. Clinical signs of @entity1760 @entity137 were carefully monitored. Maternal and neonatal outcome were evaluated. RESULTS: Significantly more @entity1 in the present study group reached the therapeutic level of serum @entity1760 at 2 hours (70% vs. 23%, p = 0.001) and at 4 hours (80% vs. 17%, p = 0.00) after the loading dose and at 2 hours (60% vs. 20%, p = 0.003) and at 12 hours (80% vs. 37%, p = 0.001) after delivery. No clinical @entity1760 @entity137 was observed There were no significant differences in maternal and neonatal outcomes between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The maintenance dose of @entity2399 at 2 g/hour was more likely to attain the therapeutic level of serum @entity1760 when compared to 1 g/hour with no detectable difference in maternal and neonatal outcomes.

title: @entity2399 maintenance infusion in XXXX with @entity1468 : a randomized comparison between 2 gram per hour and 1 gram per hour.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: A 34-year-old @entity1 with @entity8019 ( @entity8019 ) was scheduled for pump system insertion of intrathecal @entity1772 therapy under general anesthesia. @entity8019 , a rare @entity74 , is associated with a total body increase in long chain @entity1718 caused by defective degradation, and includes @entity3002 , @entity425 , in addition to @entity1887 . He had @entity1159 of the both legs, and @entity425 of the left hand, and Mallampati class III, but no @entity1576 . In the operating room, we administered @entity701 100 mg for @entity479 coverage, and low-dose @entity1363 , and @entity3575 . As spontaneous breathing remained, we could easily see @entity2582 and arytenoid cartilage by McGRATH. Therefore we selected rapid-induction of anesthesia with thiamylal, and @entity2898 40 mg, under cricoid pressure. We avoided @entity1875 . Anesthsia was maintained with @entity2614 and @entity1937 , monitoring BIS and train of four. No more @entity2898 was administered, and anesthesia was uneventful. Intrathecal @entity1772 therapy is given to @entity1 who have severe @entity1159 . When we selected general anesthesia, we should be aware of the possibility of @entity425 , and cannot intubate cannot ventilate scenario.

title: [Anesthetic Management of an @entity8019 XXXX for Intrathecal @entity1772 Therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['man', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['various nervous system abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscular weakness']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disability']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity8019 :: ('MESH:D000326', 'Disease') :: ['adrenoleukodystrophy', 'ALD']

entities_list: @entity2582 :: ('MESH:C537690', 'Disease') :: ['epiglottis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: @entity5108 is the most prevalent @entity17 . The aim of this study was to investigate the natural history of the disease in adults during a 5-year follow-up and to compare the changes over time with those found in normal ageing. In a cohort of 46 adult @entity5108 @entity1 , impairments and @entity717 were scored at baseline and at 1, 3 and 5 years. Standardized nerve conduction studies and electromyography were performed at baseline and at 5 years. Twenty-six healthy age- and sex-matched controls were evaluated at baseline and at 5 years. Forty-four of 46 @entity5108 @entity1 (range 17-69 years) and 26 controls (range 25-65 years) completed the 5-year follow-up. The decrease in muscle strength and in compound muscle action potential amplitudes was similar for @entity1 and controls alike. However, in contrast to the control group, @entity717 increased over time in the @entity1 group. In @entity1 , muscle strength and @entity717 after 5 years were closely related to these parameters at baseline. None of the other assessed baseline characteristics, i.e. age, gender, compound muscle action potential amplitude and motor nerve conduction velocity, predicted the extent of deterioration of muscle strength or @entity717 . In adult @entity5108 @entity1 , the decline in axonal function and in muscle strength may reflect, to a considerable extent, a process of normal ageing. The slow increase in @entity717 in adulthood may well be explained by decreased reserves and compensatory mechanisms together with progression of @entity85 due to @entity425 .

title: The natural history of XXXX in adults: a 5-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary demyelinating polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5108 :: ('MESH:D002607', 'Disease') :: ['Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['physical disability']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal deformations']

answer: @entity5108 :: (MESH:D002607,Disease) :: ['Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A']