abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the psychobehavioral factors involved in the isolated clinic blood pressure elevation and @entity101 induced by mental stress. DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied 73 untreated @entity1 with essential @entity101 defined as World Health Organization stage I or II (28 @entity1 and 45 @entity1 , mean age 55 +/- 11 years). The amount of isolated clinic blood pressure elevation was examined in terms of the difference between clinic and daytime ambulatory blood pressures. Blood pressure (measured using a Finapres device) and R-R interval (measured electrocardiographically) were continuously monitored with subjects at rest and under mental stress (counting backward) to examine the cardiovascular response to the stress. Psychobehavioral characteristics such as anger, @entity148 , @entity2701 , type A behavior pattern, and nervousness were evaluated and scored using structured interviews and self-reporting questionnaires. RESULTS: The anger score was inversely correlated to the clinic-ambulatory blood pressure difference for the systolic (r = -0.308, P < 0.01) and diastolic (r = -0.233, P < 0.05) blood pressures. The score for type A behavior pattern tended to be inversely correlated to the clinic-ambulatory blood pressure difference for diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.209, P < 0.1). The nervousness score was positively correlated to stress-induced increase in the systolic (r = 0.249, P < 0.05) and diastolic (r = 0.232, P < 0.05) blood pressures. The clinic-ambulatory blood pressure difference was not related to the blood pressure rise induced by mental stress (r = 0.170 for systolic blood pressure; r = 0.112 for diastolic blood pressure). CONCLUSION: The isolated clinic blood pressure elevation and @entity101 due to mental stress were related to @entity4059 .

title: Psychobehavioral factors involved in the isolated office @entity101 : comparison with stress-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['different psychobehavioral factors']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many reports of the effect of exogenous thyroxine therapy on @entity79 ( @entity79 ) show a relationship between excess thyroid hormone administration and @entity170 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of antibone resorptive agents, in particular @entity561 ( @entity16292 ) on @entity79 in @entity3604 @entity1 with @entity259 who were receiving long-term thyrotropin (TSH)-suppressive therapy with @entity1955 . METHODS: Seventy-four postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity79 (T-score < or =-2.5) and differentiated @entity259 on long-term TSH-suppressive therapy (TSH > or =0.05 and < or =0.1 microU/mL) for about 3-9 years were selected for the study. The @entity1 were divided into three groups according to the length of @entity1955 (LT(4)) treatment prior to the beginning of the study: group A (TSH-suppressive therapy for about 3 years), group B (for about 6 years), and group C (for about 9 years). These @entity1 were compared with 74 matched @entity1 not taking LT(4). All @entity1 and controls were treated with @entity171 , @entity460 , and @entity560 for 2 years and evaluated. RESULTS: After 24 months of treatment group A showed a 7.8% increase in lumbar @entity79 ; group B, a 4.6% increase; and group C, a 0.86% increase. In the control group @entity79 increased 8.2%. A significant difference was found in both lumbar and femoral @entity79 increase among the three groups: group C had a lower @entity79 increase than group A (p < 0.001) and B (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In postmenopausal @entity1 who were receiving adequate amounts of @entity460 and @entity560 in their diet @entity16292 was less effective for those who were also receiving TSH-suppressive doses of LT(4) for either 6 or 9 years. The positive effect of @entity16292 on @entity79 was less for longer periods of LT(4) treatment. It seems likely that other @entity171 would also be less effective in increasing @entity79 in postmenopausal @entity1 receiving TSH-suppressing doses of LT(4).

title: @entity170 and thyrotropin-suppressive therapy: reduced effectiveness of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['alendronate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine', 'levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'low BMD', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity561 :: (MESH:D019386,Chemical) :: ['alendronate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The investigation centers on whether there is a reperfusion-induced specific @entity299 reaction after bypass surgery. BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) leads to systemic @entity32 . Additionally, @entity299 due to reperfusion could occur. Knowledge about nature and time course of this reaction might help to develop cardioprotective interventions. METHODS: In 12 @entity1 receiving coronary bypass grafts, arterial and coronary venous blood was obtained before onset of CPB, and 1, 5, 10, 25, 35 and 75 min after cardiac reperfusion. Plasma levels of @entity650 and @entity687 were measured by immunoassay. @entity9536 , @entity1427 , and @entity8729 on blood cells were quantified by flow cytometry. Measurement of @entity1427 , a platelet marker, on neutrophils and monocytes allowed detection of leukocyte-platelet microaggregates. RESULTS: Transcardiac veno-arterial difference of @entity650 rose in the 10th and 25th min of reperfusion (from 0 to 7 pg/ml; p < 0.05), and after 75 min (15 pg/ml). @entity687 did not change. @entity9536 on neutrophils (PMN) decreased transcardially to 95, 88 and 82% of the initial level in the 5th, 10th, and 75th min, respectively, suggesting sequestration of activated neutrophils. @entity8729 on platelets rose about 30% in the 75th min. Initially, leukocyte-platelet microaggregates were formed during coronary passage (+31% of the arterial level for PMN, +23% for monocytes). During reperfusion, coaggregates were retained (PMN: -1% and -7% in the 5th and 10th min, monocytes: -22%, -13% and -12% in the 1st, 5th and 10th min. CONCLUSIONS: During early reperfusion after aortic declamping, the coronary bed is already a source of proinflammatory stimuli and target for activated leukocytes, partly in conjunction with platelets. Mitigation of these phenomena might help to improve cardiac function after CPB especially in @entity1 at risk.

title: Acute XXXX responses to postischemic reperfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac inflammation', 'cardiac inflammatory']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac inflammatory']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Concomitant occurrence of @entity20585 ( @entity20585 ) with @entity3616 ( @entity3616 ) is scarce. Here, we report a case where @entity3616 was a presenting feature in a @entity1 with diagnosed @entity20585 , and review additional 58 @entity3616 @entity1 reported in the literature from 1988 through 2013. CASE OUTLINE: The study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Shanghai Tenth @entity1 's Hospital of Tongji University and was conducted in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration. Written informed consent was obtained from @entity1 . A 56-year-old @entity1 presenting with productive cough for several weeks and unremitting high fever for a week was hospitalized with an initial clinical diagnosis of @entity55 , for which antibiotics were prescribed but did not work. Seeing that the condition progressed both clinically and radiographically, bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage and lung biopsy were performed, and the diagnosis of @entity3616 ( @entity3616 ) and @entity20585 ( @entity20585 ) co-existence was made. Initially, the @entity1 responded to @entity134 pulse therapy and @entity5074 treatment, and his condition was partially improved. However, the @entity1 's condition deteriorated progressively 5 months after the disease onset and the @entity1 died during the third admission due to @entity1576 and the adverse reactions of coriaceous hormone therapy. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of @entity3616 ( @entity3616 ) and @entity20585 ( @entity20585 ) co-occurrence depends on clinical, radiological and histological presentations. Similarities with other disease processes could lead to a delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. The present case suggests that clinicians should be alert to this disease in their clinical practices.

title: XXXX associated with @entity20585 : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['People', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['cryptogenic organizing pneumonia', 'COP']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity20585 :: ('MESH:D055744', 'Disease') :: ['IPA', 'invasive pulmonary aspergillosis']

answer: @entity3616 :: (MESH:D018549,Disease) :: ['Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of therapy for advanced @entity418 is relief of @entity1282 with minimal treatment-related morbidity. This study assessed the efficacy of endoscopic intratumoral injection of @entity900 / @entity1425 gel to relieve obstruction and improve swallowing. The gel is designed to minimize diffusion of active drug away from the @entity5 injection site. METHODS: @entity1 with inoperable @entity418 and @entity1282 caused by exophytic @entity5 underwent up to 6 weekly endoscopic injections of the gel. Response was documented objectively (exophytic @entity5 volume, lumen size, @entity1282 grade) and subjectively (achievement of treatment goal). RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 were treated. Primary evaluation criteria for 18 evaluable @entity1 were as follows: @entity1282 grade improved in 4 (duration 30 to 45 days) and stabilized in 11; lumen patency improved in 6 (duration 29 to 56 days) and stabilized in 10; exophytic @entity5 volume decreased in 8 (duration 29 to 114 days). Eight @entity1 felt that their ability to swallow improved. One @entity1 with intramural and exophytic @entity5 developed a @entity4501 , possibly related to treatment. Other complications were tolerable and self-limited. No nephrotoxicty or severe @entity390 /vomiting typical of systemic administration of @entity900 occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic injection of @entity900 / @entity1425 gel is a straightforward procedure with standard equipment and techniques, which can provide palliation for @entity1 with exophytic @entity5 of the esophagus. Assessment of this method in conjunction with other therapeutic options such as brachytherapy is warranted.

title: Palliation of @entity1 with XXXX due to advanced @entity418 by endoscopic injection of @entity900 / @entity1425 injectable gel.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'esophageal tumor', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['dysphagia']


abstract: Introduction. Tension @entity5745 (TP) is a very rare complication related to radiotherapy for @entity189 ( @entity189 ). Case Presentation. A 46-year-old @entity1 was admitted to the hospital with an @entity1032 and aqueous @entity5254 for several hours of evolution. The computed tomography (CT) scan showed TP, a @entity1297 . The @entity1 was receiving a second course of radiotherapy for local relapse. With medical treatment the @entity1 recovered neurological status but died two days later. Discussion. In our knowledge, only 4 cases with similar characteristics have been reported in the literature. This is the first case report of TP during radiotherapy. TP was an abrupt and rapid process with @entity16 for hours of evolution without suspicious @entity7190 ( @entity7190 ) in previous scan images. The defect in the skull base could be due to a rapid disappearance of the @entity5 . The appearance of aqueous @entity16 must be viewed as signs of alarm.

title: Tension @entity5745 related to radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5745 :: ('MESH:D011007', 'Disease') :: ['pneumocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['altered mental status']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment', 'rhinorrhea and neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity7190 :: ('MESH:D010025', 'Disease') :: ['OR', 'osteoradionecrosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

entities_list: @entity1297 :: ('MESH:D019292', 'Disease') :: ['defect in the skull base and nasocranial fistula']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: This is a preliminary investigation of the differences in self-reported @entity148 of @entity1 who do and do not stutter. @entity1 and experimental procedures were the same as those used by Gabel, Colcord, and Petrosino in 2001. 10 @entity1 who stuttered, all of whom had experience with stuttering therapy, were matched with 10 @entity1 who did not stutter. Each @entity1 in both groups was engaged in a session to evaluate speech in a format similar to a professional diagnostic session for stuttering. Each @entity1 was stopped and asked to rate his @entity148 during specific moments during the session. This procedure is similar to in vivo cognitive assessment used in cognitive-behavioral treatments and research. The @entity1 ' reports were taken during a baseline period, during a period in which they were thinking about their speech, and during three different speaking tasks. The @entity148 reported by the group of @entity1 who stuttered was compared to the @entity148 reported by the group of individuals who did not stutter. Statistical analyses indicated a significant main effect for the group who stuttered as they reported more @entity148 during the entire session. There was no main effect for condition. The interaction of group by condition fell short of significance. Possible explanations and suggestions for research were discussed.

title: Self-reported XXXX of adults who do and do not stutter.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participants', 'people']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: PURPOSE: The prognostic significance of the level of venous involvement in @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) is controversial. It has been suggested that the 1997 TNM classification of venous involvement system should be revised. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of 226 @entity1 who underwent a nephrectomy and @entity5 thrombectomy, 117 for renal vein (RV) and 109 for inferior vena @entity33341 (IVC) involvement, between 1989 and 2001 were reviewed and compared to those of 654 @entity1 undergoing nephrectomy without venous involvement. RESULTS: In @entity1 with localized @entity1358 (N0M0), the risk of recurrence after nephrectomy was significantly increased in @entity1 with @entity1211 compared to @entity1 without @entity1211 (p = 0.005). However, the difference was not significant in a multivariate analysis including T stage (1, 2, 3 or 4), Fuhrman grade and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status. In @entity1 with localized @entity1358 disease specific survival was similar (p = 0.536) in @entity1 with RV (T3b) and IVC involvement below the diaphragm (T3b). However, @entity1 with IVC involvement above the diaphragm (T3c) had a significantly worse survival rate even after controlling for Fuhrman grade and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status in a multivariate analysis (p = 0.020). All @entity1 treated for metastatic @entity1358 had a similar prognosis regardless of the level of venous involvement. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with pT3b disease, @entity5 stage and grade are better predictors of prognosis than extent of venous involvement. Based on our data we support the current TNM classification of venous involvement with RV and IVC invasion categorized as T3b and IVC involvement above the diaphragm categorized as T3c.

title: Prognostic significance of XXXX in @entity1358 . Are renal vein and inferior vena @entity33341 involvement different?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombus']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thrombus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1271 remains a critical disease in the dairy industry and the use of intramammary antibiotics plays a critical role in @entity1271 treatment. @entity65803 is currently approved as an intramammary antibiotic that is used to treat @entity1271 in dairy @entity291 . It is approved for once a day administration and can be used for a total of 3 d. An increasing number of dairy farms are milking 3 times per day (instead of the traditional 2 times per day) and very little pharmacokinetic data exists on the use of intramammary drugs in a 3* system. The primary purpose of this study was to determine if once a day intramammary infusion of @entity65803 is sufficient to maintain therapeutic drug concentrations in @entity291 milked 3 times per day. Eight Holstein @entity291 milked 3 times per day were used in this study. After collecting a baseline milk sample, each @entity291 received intramammary infusions of @entity65803 in the left front and right rear quarters once a day for 3 d. Milk samples from each of the treated quarters were collected at each milking and frozen until analysis. Milk samples were analyzed for @entity869 concentrations using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography method. All treated quarters had antibiotic concentrations well above the @entity6251 ( @entity6251 ) for gram-positive @entity1271 pathogens at 8 and 16 h postinfusion. Milk concentrations had fallen well below the @entity6251 by the 24-h period (before the next infusion). All 8 @entity291 in this study consistently had individual quarter milk @entity869 concentrations below the FDA tolerance of 0.01  g/mL (10 ppb) within 48 h of the last infusion. Based on this study, milk @entity869 concentrations exceed the @entity6251 required to inhibit the growth of 90% of organisms (MIC90) for at least 65% of the dosing interval, which is sufficient for once-daily dosing with most cases of gram-positive @entity1271 . Therefore, intramammary @entity65803 should be an effective treatment for the vast majority of gram-positive @entity1271 pathogens when used according to label (once per day) in @entity291 milked 3 times per day.

title: Short communication: Pharmacokinetics of intramammary @entity65803 in dairy XXXX milked 3 times per day.

entities_list: @entity65803 :: ('MESH:C100115', 'Chemical') :: ['Hetacillin', 'hetacillin']

entities_list: @entity1271 :: ('MESH:D008413', 'Disease') :: ['Mastitis', 'mastitis']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity6251 :: ('MESH:C567712', 'Disease') :: ['MIC', 'minimum inhibitory concentration']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conservative treatment for @entity3444 usually provides improvement, but some @entity1 progress to surgery. Open release is most commonly performed but is associated with prolonged recovery and complications. @entity1411 release (EPFR) has become popular recently. We present our results. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 (23 feet) had EPFR. Sixteen @entity1 (19 feet) were available for followup after at least 1 year. Ten were @entity1 and 6 were @entity1 , with an average age of 44.7 (range 28 to 70) years. The average followup was 47 months. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Scale and Maryland Foot Score were used for evaluation. Gender, @entity28 , severity, length of preoperative symptoms, and @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) status were studied. RESULTS: The average AOFAS and Maryland scores improved postoperatively (66 to 88, p<0.05; 62 to 83, p<0.05, respectively). @entity1 improved 25 (AOFAS) and 23 points (Maryland) points. @entity1 improved 16 (AOFAS) and 17 points (Maryland) points. @entity28 @entity1 improved 38 and 28 points, respectively. Normal weight @entity1 improved 16 and 19 points, respectively. Postoperative scores for @entity1 with high preoperative severity improved from 58 to 81 (AOFAS) and from 52 to 73 (Maryland). @entity1 with moderate preoperative severity achieved scores from 72 to 93 and from 70 to 91. @entity1 who had symptoms longer than 2 years before EPFR had lower postoperative scores. Non- @entity1538 @entity1 improved 25 (AOFAS) and 24 (Maryland) points. @entity1538 @entity1 improved 18 and 16 points, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: EPFR provides significantly improved @entity1 outcomes. @entity1 with more severe symptoms before EPFR and those with symptoms for longer than 2 years had worse results. Obesity had no negative effect on outcome. @entity1538 @entity1 had inferior results compared to non- @entity1538 @entity1 . @entity1 achieved better results than @entity1 . This finding may be biased because most @entity1538 @entity1 were @entity1 .

title: Results of XXXX release.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'patient', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['workers compensation', 'WC']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity3444 :: ('MESH:D036981', 'Disease') :: ['plantar fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['Endoscopic plantar fascia']

answer: @entity1411 :: (MESH:D016523,Disease) :: ['endoscopic plantar fascia']


abstract: The volume of the primary (PCS) and secondary ( @entity4886 ) circulatory system in the @entity7980 @entity7980 was determined using a modified dye dilution technique. Cod (N=10) were chronically cannulated in the second afferent branchial artery with PE-50 tubing. Evans Blue dye was bound to harvested fish plasma at a concentration of 1 mg dye ml(-1) plasma, and injected at a concentration of 1 mg kg(-1) body mass. Serial sampling from the cannula produced a dye dilution curve, which could be described by a double exponential decay equation. Curve analysis enabled the calculation of the primary circulatory and total distribution volume. The difference between these volumes is assumed to be the volume of the @entity4886 . From the dilution curve, it was also possible to calculate flow rates between and within the systems. The results of these experiments suggest a plasma volume in the PCS of 3.42+/-0.89 ml 100 g(-1) body mass, and in the @entity4886 of 1.68+/-0.35 ml 100 g(-1) body mass (mean +/- S.D.) or approximately 50% that of the PCS. Flow rates to the @entity4886 were calculated as 2.7% of the resting cardiac output. There was an allometric relationship between body mass and blood volumes. Increasing condition factor showed a tendency towards smaller blood volumes of the PCS, expressed as percentage body mass, but this was not evident for the volume of the @entity4886 .

title: The blood volumes of the primary and secondary circulatory system in the XXXX @entity7980 L, using plasma bound Evans Blue and compartmental analysis.

entities_list: @entity7980 :: ('8049', 'Species') :: ['Gadus morhua', 'Atlantic cod']

answer: @entity7980 :: (8049,Species) :: ['Atlantic cod']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 suffering from @entity5 often undergo serial positron emission tomography - computed tomography (PET-CT) scans, using @entity8983 (FDG) for diagnosis and follow up. This principle may also be applied to benign conditions as inflammatory cells take up increased amounts of FDG as well. The aim of our study was to retrospectively review the cytological diagnoses made at EUS-FNA of FDG-avid PET-CT lesions in @entity1 with a history of @entity5 and to determine whether the cause of FDG-avidity was neoplastic or benign. METHODS: We used the endoscopy database to extract clinical information on all @entity1 with @entity5 who underwent EUS-FNA to obtain tissue from FDG-avid nodes seen on PET-CT at our institution from 2009 - 2012. All @entity1 who were referred for EUS-FNA after their scans were included. Those who had contraindications to endoscopic procedures were excluded. RESULTS: The most common location of positive lymph nodes was the subcarinal region (46%). A definitive diagnosis was obtained in 87.8% cases, of which 51.2% had a diagnosis of @entity5 confirmed on cytology, while 36.5% were benign. Out of these, 29% had @entity32 . In 12.2% of cases no definitive diagnosis was obtained. CONCLUSION: Our results show that great caution should be exercised when evaluating FDG-avid PET-CT nodes in @entity1 with known @entity5 , as a significant proportion of these lesions may be benign, particularly in geographic locations with a high background prevalence of @entity32 .

title: Endoscopic ultrasound - fine needle aspiration of @entity8983 avid lymph nodes seen on positron emission tomography- computed tomography -what looks like XXXX may not always be so.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8983 :: ('CHEBI:49134', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxy-2-[18F] fluoro-D-glucose']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease', 'cancer', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: AIMS: To identify factors that influence plasma levels and assess the prognostic value of @entity6511 ( @entity6511 ) activity in a prospective, population-based survey of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of @entity731 . METHODS AND RESULTS: The Bruneck study is a prospective, population-based survey initiated in 1990. @entity6511 activity and baseline variables for the current analysis were measured in 765 subjects aged 45-84 years in 1995. Incident @entity65 ( @entity65 ) ( @entity65 , @entity583 , @entity64 , and transient @entity2142 ) and rates of non- @entity65 mortality were assessed between 1995 and 2005. Subjects with incident @entity65 had higher levels of @entity6511 activity (884 +/- 196 vs. 771 +/- 192 micromol/min/L, P < 0.001). Increased @entity6511 activity was significantly related to incident @entity65 [age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio (95%CI) 2.9 (1.6-5.5); third vs. first tertile group; P < 0.001] and with vascular mortality but not with non- @entity65 mortality. @entity6511 activity was enhanced in subjects with the @entity209 and showed highly significant positive associations with LDL-C, @entity755 , ferritin, and HOMA-IR, and inverse associations with HDL-C and anti-oxidant levels. CONCLUSION: Increased @entity6511 activity is associated with @entity209 and incident fatal and @entity65 , but not with non- @entity65 mortality. Furthermore, @entity6511 activity is strongly influenced by ferritin levels, LDL-C, and @entity755 supporting its integral role in lipid peroxidation. Clinical utility of @entity6511 activity for prediction of cardiovascular risk has to be explored in future studies.

title: XXXX activity, ferritin levels, @entity209 , and 10-year cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality: results from the Bruneck study.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6511 :: ('7941', 'Gene') :: ['Lp-PLA2', 'lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic attack']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular death', 'cardiovascular disease', 'non-fatal CVD']

answer: @entity6511 :: (7941,Gene) :: ['Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of etanercept added to prevailing drug therapy in @entity1 with @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ) whose disease was refractory to conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) treatment, including combinations of different DMARDs. METHODS: Data on 31 @entity4932 @entity1 with a disease resistant to conventional DMARD treatment were retrospectively collected from medical records and assessed for a one-year period after the introduction of etanercept or to the time of cessation of the drug due to a lack of efficacy or side effects. Efficacy was assessed based on the normal laboratory indexes of @entity32 and changes in the following parametres: number of DMARDs used and intraarticular (i.a.) glucocorticoid injections. The numbers of inpatient days needed were also recorded. RESULTS: Etanercept was well tolerated. Only two @entity1 stopped discontinued the treatment because of @entity1910 , after 3 weeks of treatment in one case and after 4 months in another. In two cases the treatment was discontinued because of a lack of efficacy. During the treatment, there was a significant decrease in the number of DMARDs used and the i.a. glucocorticoid injections needed as well as in the dose of per oral glucocorticoids. The laboratory parameters also improved. In addition, there was a significant decrease in the number of inpatient days per 3-month period before and during the etanercept treatment. CONCLUSION: The addition of etanercept to conventional DMARD therapy in @entity1 with the most severe cases of @entity4932 leads to an excellent clinical response during the first 12 months. The tolerability of the drug is good in combination therapy with various DMARDs.

title: Good results from combining etanercept to prevailing DMARD therapy in refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rash']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']


abstract: Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) play an important role in a variety of cellular functions, including phagocytosis. PI3Ks are activated during phagocytosis induced by several receptors and have been shown to be required for phagocytosis through the use of inhibitors such as @entity2307 and @entity2306 . @entity1 cells have multiple isoforms of PI3K, and the role of the individual isoforms during phagocytosis has not been addressed. The class I PI3Ks consist of a catalytic @entity20721 isoform associated with a regulatory subunit. Mammals have three genes for the class IA @entity20721 subunits encoding @entity20721 , @entity28245 , and @entity33518 and one gene for the class IB @entity20721 subunit encoding @entity48971 . Here we report a specific recruitment of @entity28245 and @entity33518 (but not @entity20721 ) isoforms to the nascent phagosome during apoptotic cell phagocytosis by fibroblasts. By microinjecting inhibitory antibodies specific to class IA @entity20721 subunits, we have shown that @entity28245 is the major isoform required for apoptotic cell and Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis by primary @entity19 macrophages. Macrophages from @entity19 expressing a catalytically inactive form of @entity33518 showed no defect in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and IgG-opsonized particles, confirming the lack of a major role for @entity33518 in this process. Similarly, @entity48971 -deficient macrophages phagocytosed apoptotic cells normally. Our findings demonstrate that @entity28245 is the major class I catalytic isoform required for apoptotic cell and Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis by primary macrophages.

title: Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase XXXX is required for apoptotic cell and Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis by macrophages.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2307 :: ('MESH:C009687', 'Chemical') :: ['wortmannin']

answer: @entity28245 :: (74769(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['p110beta']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Deep basal-ganglia and large thalamic (BGT) @entity5 may cause secondary @entity1276 by compressing the lateral and third ventricles. The ventricular distortion, as well as the infiltrative nature and friability of these @entity5 , raise specific considerations and risks when treating these @entity1 . Treatment goals may therefore focus on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion and tissue sampling, followed by nonsurgical treatment options. We present our experience in applying endoscopic techniques for the initial management of such @entity1 . METHODS: Over a period of 15 months (January 2013 to April 2014), six @entity1 with @entity21 presented with signs and symptoms of @entity428 secondary to @entity1276 . Data was collected retrospectively, including clinical, surgical, and outcome variables. RESULTS: Six @entity1 aged 9-41 years (25.6    12.5) were included. Endoscopic procedures included endoscopic third ventriculostomy (4), septum pellucidotomy (5), foramen of Monro stenting (2), and endoscopic biopsy (3). One @entity1 underwent a ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement and another stereotactic biopsy. Indications for endoscopic treatment included the infiltrative nature of the @entity5 preventing a resective procedure, combined with clinical deterioration related to @entity428 secondary to @entity1276 . Pathology results included @entity816 (3) and @entity3271 (1). Pathological sampling was not possible in two @entity1 . Five @entity1 enjoyed a good clinical recovery with no associated morbidity. There was one perioperative @entity204 , secondary to preoperative herniation. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic surgery may potentially play a significant role in the initial management of @entity1 with large basal ganglia and large @entity5 causing obstructive @entity1276 . Technical nuances and individualized goals are crucial for optimal outcomes.

title: Endoscopic considerations treating XXXX caused by basal ganglia and large @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'thalamic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['BGT tumors']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A dose of 0.9  mg/kg of intravenous @entity3479 ) has proven to be beneficial in the treatment of @entity64 ( @entity64 ). Dosing of @entity3479 based on estimated @entity1 weight (PW) increases the likelihood of errors. Our objectives were to evaluate the accuracy of estimated PW and assess the effectiveness and safety of the actual applied dose (AAD) of @entity3479 . We performed a prospective single-center study of @entity64 @entity1 treated with @entity3479 from May 2010 to December 2011. Dose was calculated according to estimated PW. @entity1 were weighed during the 24  h following treatment with @entity3479 . Estimation errors and AAD were calculated. Actual PW was measured in 97 of the 108 included @entity1 . PW estimation errors were recorded in 22.7  % and were more frequent when weight was estimated by @entity64 unit staff (44  %). Only 11  % of @entity1 misreported their own weight. Mean AAD was significantly higher in @entity1 who had @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) after @entity3479 than in @entity1 who did not (0.96 vs. 0.92  mg/kg; p  =  0.02). Multivariate analysis showed an increased risk of @entity1779 for each 10  % increase in @entity3479 dose above the optimal dose of 0.90  mg/kg (OR 3.10; 95  % CI 1.14-8.39; p  =  0.026). No effects of @entity3479 misdosing were observed on symptomatic @entity1779 , functional outcome or mortality. Estimated PW is frequently inaccurate and leads to @entity3479 dosing errors. Increasing doses of @entity3479 above 0.90  mg/kg may increase the risk of @entity1779 . Standardized weighing methods before @entity3479 is administered should be considered.

title: Tissue plasminogen activator for XXXX : calculation of dose based on estimated @entity1 weight can increase the risk of @entity1779 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA', 't-PA']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic stroke', 'AIS', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between sociodemographic variables, body weight and quality of life in @entity161 outpatients. METHODS: Assessments included an interview to obtain sociodemographic data, administration of a Quality of Life questionnaire (the MOS SF-36) and measurement of height and weight. Body mass index was calculated (kg/m(2)). SF-36 subscores were examined for statistical differences based on BMI categories: healthy weight (BMI<or=24.9), overweight (BMI 25-29.9) and @entity28 (BMI>or=30). Correlations with sociodemographic variables were also examined. RESULTS: Body weight was inversely correlated (level p<or=0.005) to the SF-36 items: physical functioning (PF, -0.452), role limitations due to physical functioning (-0.279), role limitations due to emotional functioning (-0.256), vitality (-0.200), general health (GH, -0.367) and physical component score (PCS, -0.400). Mental component score (MCS) was not significantly correlated to body weight. When comparing quality of life across BMI categories, @entity28 subjects had worse physical functioning (p<or=0.0005) and general health (p<or=0.005), reported more role limitations due to emotional functioning (p<or=0.05) and a lower physical component score (p<or=0.005). Mental component score was not significantly influenced by BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Quality of life in @entity161 @entity1 is related to body weight. The burden of @entity28 is primarily experienced as a physical problem.

title: Body mass index and quality of life in community-dwelling XXXX with @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity528 in @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ) runs an inevitable, gradually progressive course. A wide variety of growth factors of different origins have been shown to slow the rate of degeneration in some rodent models of @entity6391 . Recently, lens-derived neurotrophic factors have been shown to rescue degenerating @entity4494 cells in crush models of the optic nerve. Our objective was to evaluate the potential rescue effect of lensectomy and vitrectomy (L_V) on @entity528 in a large-animal model, the @entity26280 @entity38334 transgenic @entity1707 . METHODS: We operated on one eye of each of 49 3-week-old @entity1707 --15 vitrectomies and 34 L_V, 6 of which received @entity230 . Retinal paraffin sections were prepared for all eyes, in addition to immunohistochemistry in four eyes, 8 weeks after L_V. RESULTS: At eight weeks after L_V, operated eyes showed significantly more nuclei in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) than the unoperated fellow eyes. The better preservation of the ONL persisted but was less prominent by 20 weeks after surgery. @entity134 treatment did not markedly reduce the better preservation of the ONL seen at 8, 10, and 12 weeks after surgery. The significant difference in cell count between operated and unoperated eyes in the L_V group at 8 weeks was due to the difference in the number of rods, not the cones. CONCLUSION: Lensectomy and vitrectomy delay @entity528 in @entity26280 @entity38334 transgenic @entity1707 . Lens-related rescue effect is a probable reason for the @entity528 .

title: Lensectomy and vitrectomy decrease the rate of photoreceptor loss in XXXX @entity38334 transgenic @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa', 'RP']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['photoreceptor degeneration', 'Photoreceptor degeneration', 'delayed degeneration']

answer: @entity26280 :: (397437(Tax:9823),Gene) :: ['rhodopsin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the factors contributed to the recurrence of @entity3243 with the invasion of the upper aerodigestive tract and the outcomes of reoperation. METHODS: Six cases reviewed, in which the age ranged from 32 to 79 years old. The initial diagnoses and surgical procedures, the sites and surgical treatment of the recurrent disease, and the chemical markers, such as parathyroid hormone ( @entity461 ) and serum @entity460 , were retrospectively studied. The preoperative @entity461 levels ranged from 860 to 2830 ng/L. In 4 @entity1 the recurrence diseases were founded in the tracheoesophageal groove, of them one with invasion of the larynx only and one with invasion of the larynx and pharynx in addition to the @entity825 and esophagus involvement. Selective neck dissection for level II, III, IV and VI was taken in all cases in addition to the removal of the local recurrent diseases. Recurrent laryngeal nerves were so badly embedded in @entity5 tissue that they were intentionally resected in 4 @entity1 although they were functionally normal before operation. Prophylactic tracheostomy was carried out in 5 cases. RESULTS: @entity461 level dropped more than 70% of that prior the operation at 10 min after the removal of the @entity5 -bearing tissues and to normal range within the first 2 hours postoperatively, and @entity3747 disappeared in 2 days postoperatively. All cases experienced significant improvement in symptoms and signs in the first three days postoperatively. @entity461 and serum @entity460 levels were within normal range in 4 cases during the follow-up of 11 to 40 months, while @entity2742 was encountered 8 and 11 months postoperatively in other 2 cases, respectively. @entity1727 , chylous fistula and dehiscence of sternotomy developed in 3 cases separately. Of 5 @entity1 with @entity5274 were removed two weeks in 4 cases and six weeks in the other one after operation. CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent @entity3243 even with invasion of the upper aerodigestive tract still has promising surgical outcomes. Both the precise localization of the recurrent diseases and the intraoperative @entity461 assay are importance to the successful treatment of these diseases.

title: [Surgical treatment of recurrent XXXX with invasion of the upper aerodigestive tract].

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity1727 :: ('MESH:D004937', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['tracheostomy, the tracheostomy tubes']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity3243 :: (MESH:D010282,Disease) :: ['parathyroid carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the potential involvement of fertility treatments and other conditions of becoming pregnant ( @entity249 , getting pregnant on birth control, maternal history of fetal loss) and @entity1501 supplements in the etiology of @entity1778 ( @entity1778 ). METHODS: The ESTELLE study included 747 cases of @entity1778 [636 cases of @entity981 ( @entity981 ) and 100 of @entity3052 ( @entity3052 )] diagnosed in France in 2010-2011 and 1,421 population controls frequency-matched with the cases on age and gender. Data were obtained from structured telephone questionnaires administered to mothers. The odds ratios (OR) and their 95  % confidence intervals were estimated using unconditional regression models adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: @entity1778 was not associated with difficulty in becoming pregnant [OR 0.9 (0.7-1.2)], in vitro fertilisation [OR 0.6 (0.3-1.5)] or the use of any fertility treatment [OR 0.8 (0.5-1.1)] for the index pregnancy. @entity1778 was not significantly associated with becoming pregnant on contraception [OR 1.2 (0.8-1.8)], but a positive association was observed for third generation oral contraception [OR 4.3 (1.2-16.2)]; however, the result is based on small numbers. @entity1501 supplementation during pregnancy was not associated with @entity1778 , but an inverse borderline association was observed for supplementation initiated in the 3  months preceding pregnancy [OR 0.7 (0.5-1.0)]. In addition, maternal histories of @entity2209 and @entity2208 were associated with @entity981 [OR 2.6 (1.1-5.9)] and @entity3052 [OR 1.8 (1.1-2.8)], respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The findings do not suggest that @entity249 and fertility treatments are risk factors for @entity1778 . They suggest that maternal histories of @entity2209 and @entity2208 may be more frequent among mothers of @entity1778 cases and that @entity1501 supplementation during preconception may reduce the risk of @entity1778 .

title: Maternal reproductive history, fertility treatments and @entity1501 supplementation in the risk of childhood XXXX : the ESTELLE Study.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid', 'Folic acid']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirth']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloblastic leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['CL', 'childhood leukemia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) exposure lowers serum @entity2135 ( @entity2135 ) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels and also delays female puberty, similar to the deficits in the reproductive system that occur during @entity942 . Leptin administration restores fertility and gonadotropin secretion in the ob/ob @entity19 and can induce recovery of reproductive function in food-restricted animals. This study assessed the effects of @entity167 on serum leptin levels, and whether exogenous leptin administration could restore @entity2135 and LH levels in the @entity167 -treated animals. METHODS: In the first study, 29-day-old female @entity35 were divided into control and @entity167 -treated groups, each of which received their respective diet regimen for 5 consecutive days. The @entity167 -treated animals were subdivided and received an intraperitoneal injection of either leptin (100 microg/0.1 ml) or saline twice daily. Control animals also received intraperitoneal saline injections twice daily. On day 34, animals were killed, and serum leptin, LH, and @entity2135 were measured by RIA. In a second study we assessed the acute effects of a single 3 g/kg dose of @entity167 on the ability of leptin to act centrally to induce LH release. For this, leptin (1 microg) was administered via a third ventricular (3V) cannula and blood sampling via jugular cannula. In a third experiment, animals were again subjected to a chronic feeding regimen. When 34 days old, they were killed and the anterior @entity4611 removed and incubated in a static incubation system for 60 min to establish basal LH release, then for an additional 60 min in medium containing leptin (10(-7) M). RESULTS: Chronic @entity167 exposure lowered serum leptin (p < 0.01), @entity2135 (p < 0.01), and LH (p < 0.05) levels. Leptin administration to @entity167 -treated animals did not restore serum @entity2135 levels. This peptide did, however, effectively restore LH levels to normal, but did not advance the timing of puberty. Acute @entity167 administration was found to block leptin-induced LH release following central administration of the peptide. Conversely, anterior @entity4611 from control and 5-day @entity167 -treated animals that were incubated in vitro released (p < 0.01) equal amounts of LH in response to leptin (10(-7) M). CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that @entity167 administration not only can suppress peripheral levels of leptin, but also blocks its central action to facilitate LH secretion. Although replacement of leptin can reverse the @entity167 -induced suppression of LH by a direct action at the level of the pituitary, it cannot elevate serum @entity2135 ; a peripheral signal that acts centrally to stimulate LH releasing-hormone (LHRH)/LH release during the juvenile-peripubertal transition period, and thus accelerates the initiation of female puberty. These results demonstrate further the complex actions and interactions of multiple hormones involved in the pubertal process and the vulnerability of their actions to the toxic effects of @entity167 .

title: Effects of @entity1068 on leptin secretion and the leptin-induced luteinizing hormone (LH) release from late juvenile female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitaries']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['leptin deficiency']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECT @entity2347 ( @entity2347 ) is a locally @entity146 @entity5 of salivary gland origin. Little data exist to guide treatment when this @entity5 extends to involve the structures of the skull base. METHODS Fifty-one @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity2347 affecting the skull base were identified from a prospective database at MD Anderson @entity5 Center (from 1992 to 2010). RESULTS Median follow-up for study @entity1 was 6.75 years. The 5- and 10-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rates were 78% and 50%, respectively. Sixty-six percent of @entity1 had progression of their disease. The 5- and 10-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 46.7% and 21.0%, respectively. Gross-total resection was achieved in 75% of @entity1 , with 49% having microscopically negative margins at the time of first operation. On univariate analysis, resections with microscopically negative margins were associated with a significant @entity1349 advantage (20.1    3.3 years) compared with resections that left @entity66 , even if microscopic (10.3    1.6 years, p = 0.035). In @entity1 who underwent reoperation, the effect persisted, with improved @entity1349 in those with negative margins (21.4    0.0 vs 16.7    4.0 years, p = 0.06). The use of adjuvant radiotherapy was associated with an @entity1349 advantage (16.2    2.5 vs 5.5    2.2 years, p = 0.03) at initial diagnosis and improved PFS (7.8    1.0 vs 2.1    0.62 years, p = 0.005), whereas repeat irradiation provided no benefit. The use of adjuvant chemotherapy at diagnosis or at recurrence was not associated with any significant advantage. Multivariate analysis revealed margin-negative resection at initial operation and at recurrence retained @entity1349 significance, even after controlling for age, radiation therapy, and T stage. CONCLUSIONS @entity2347 of the skull base is best treated with a multidisciplinary approach aimed at maximal, safe resection. Adjuvant radiotherapy should be offered, whereas chemotherapy does not confer benefit.

title: XXXX of the skull base: results with an @entity146 multidisciplinary approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['Adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'ACC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2347 :: (MESH:D003528,Disease) :: ['Adenoid cystic carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To measure the levels of @entity2945 (PCh) and @entity15001 (GPCh) in the tissues and organs of @entity19 , we developed a simple and rapid method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection (ECD) and an immobilized enzyme column. METHODS: Under our modifications of the separation procedure of Klein et al. [Neurochem. Int. 2 (1993) 293], PCh and GPCh in the hydrophilic phase of the homogenate samples were selectively hydrolyzed into free @entity1877 by alkaline phosphatase and a 0.4-N @entity9901 solution, respectively, and the resulting hydrolyzed mixtures were directly injected into the HPLC system for analysis. RESULTS: The present method permits PCh or GPCh assay within 5 min in one chromatographic run. Recoveries from tissue samples were 97% for PCh and 101% for GPCh. The percentages of the crossover reaction to the authentic PCh and GPCh were 0.4% and 3.8%, respectively. The within-run coefficients of variation for @entity1877 derived from PCh and GPCh in the tissue samples were 1.2% and 1.4%, respectively. DISCUSSION: The method is effective and has been applied to the measurement of PCh and GPCh levels in several tissues of @entity19 .

title: An improved method for assaying @entity2945 and XXXX in @entity19 tissue.

entities_list: @entity9901 :: ('MESH:D010472', 'Chemical') :: ['perchloric acid']

entities_list: @entity2945 :: ('MESH:D010767', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocholine']

entities_list: @entity15001 :: ('CHEBI:55397', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerophosphocholine']

answer: @entity15001 :: (CHEBI:55397,Chemical) :: ['glycerophosphocholine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A survey of helminths and ectoparasites, including epizoits, was conducted in narrow-ridged finless porpoises ( @entity63169 ) from Japanese five populations using dead stranded or incidentally caught animals. In total, 13 helminth species were found (6 @entity2199 , 4 @entity2439 , 2 cestodes, and 1 acanthocephalan) in 137 porpoises. A new location record of Stenurus nanjingensis and a new host record of Tetrabothrius sp. were obtained. Eight species of helminth were considered common in the Japanese populations of the @entity63170 : Pharurus sunameri, Pharurus asiaeorientalis, Nasitrema spathulatum, Nasitrema sunameri, Halocercus pingi, Halocercus sunameri, Campula oblonga, and Synthesium elongatum. No anisakid @entity2199 were found. N. spathulatum was found only in the western waters of the Seto Inland Sea. Low prevalence of @entity63171 in the Omura Bay was demonstrated. H. pingi was mostly found in very young porpoises before starting to eat prey, indicating prenatal or transmammary infection. However, a congeneric species, H. sunameri, mainly infected weaned porpoises, indicating that these two species possess different transmission pathways. This study provides information on the geographical distribution and prevalence of helminth parasites in @entity63170 off the Japanese coast.

title: Population- and growth-related differences in helminthic fauna of XXXX ( @entity63169 ) in five Japanese populations.

entities_list: @entity63169 :: ('189058', 'Species') :: ['Neophocaena asiaeorientalis']

entities_list: @entity63170 :: ('34892', 'Species') :: ['finless porpoise', 'finless porpoises']

entities_list: @entity2439 :: ('MESH:D014201', 'Disease') :: ['trematodes']

answer: @entity63170 :: (34892,Species) :: ['finless porpoises']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity378 is rare. Clinical and endoscopic features are variable, diverse, nonspecific, and poorly described. These findings may be confused with those of @entity418 and @entity364 . METHODS: Medical records from a 5-year period (January 1997 to December 2001) were searched for cases of @entity378 . For identified cases, the clinical, radiologic, and endoscopic features were evaluated. OBSERVATIONS: Four cases of @entity378 were encountered during the 5-year period studied. Three of the @entity1 presented with @entity1282 and @entity353 . One @entity1 had @entity1174 and another fatal @entity6552 . Endoscopic features included deep and large proximal esophageal ulcers in 2 @entity1 , @entity1727 in one, and nonhealing proximal esophageal @entity1066 in another @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The present case series indicates that certain endoscopic features, such as deep and large esophageal ulcers, @entity4501 , and nonhealing @entity1066 , are strongly suggestive of @entity378 -related esophageal lesions.

title: Endoscopic features of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6552 :: ('MESH:D006396', 'Disease') :: ['hematemesis']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity1727 :: ('MESH:D004937', 'Disease') :: ['tracheo-esophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['deep fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal tuberculosis', 'esophageal tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['esophageal tuberculosis']


abstract: The highly conserved mitochondrial protein induced in high @entity413 -1 (IHG-1) functions to maintain mitochondrial quality and is associated with the development of @entity82 in @entity2316 . Towards identifying novel approaches to treating @entity2316 , IHG-1-protein-protein interactions were investigated using epitope-tagged immunoprecipitation analyses followed by mass spectrometry. Here we show that IHG-1 is solely expressed in mitochondria and localised to the inner mitochondrial membrane, the region where mitochondrial reactive @entity26 species are generated. Chaperones @entity1477 and @entity65413 and cold shock protein @entity25536 were identified as IHG-1 binding partners. All three proteins are important in the cellular response to oxidative stress and play important roles in mitochondrial transcription and DNA repair. Both redox imbalance and IHG-1 stimulate @entity2533 signalling. IHG-1, @entity1477 and @entity25536 all show increased expression in @entity2316 , @entity740 and in the Unilateral @entity8 . Increased IHG-1 expression in UUO correlated with loss of @entity65413 expression. IHG-1 may target @entity65413 for degradation. When IHG-1 is no longer localised to mitochondria, it retains the ability to interact with the cold shock protein @entity25536 , facilitating anti-fibrotic actions in the nucleus. Targeting these proteins may offer alternative treatments for @entity8 .

title: Profibrotic IHG-1 complexes with @entity8 associated XXXX and @entity65413 in mitochondria.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Ureteral Obstruction model of kidney fibrosis', 'fibrotic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'diabetic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1477 :: (3309,Gene) :: ['HSPA5']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was identification of the predictors of left @entity591 and left @entity956 (LATAFL) after radiofrequency catheter ablation of @entity955 (CAAF). METHODS: We followed 598 @entity1 (71% male, 41% paroxysmal AF; median follow-up: 36 months) after a single step-wise CAAF procedure. The time to first documented LATAFL lasting longer than 30 s, documented in any kind of electrocardiography (ECG), was defined as an end-point. RESULTS: A single CAAF procedure resulted in LATAF in 58 (10%) @entity1 . @entity75 were performed in 275 (46%) @entity1 . Early LATAFL recurrence (   3 months since the index procedure) was observed in 11 (2%) @entity1 . Late LATAFL (> 3 months) was noted in 47 (8%) @entity1 . The univariate predictors of LATAFL recurrence were: type of AF (p = 0.003), the size of LA (p = 0.002) and the type of procedure (p = 0.0001). The identified single independent predictors of LATAFL recurrence were enlarged LA (p = 0.001) and mul-tiple (>=  2) additional lesions performed during the index procedure (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Higher rate of LATAFL recurrence was observed in @entity1 with non-paroxysmal AF, enlarged LA and any additional lesions performed. Two independent predictors of LATAFL recurrence after CAAF were: the enlarged LA and multiple (>=  2) additional lesions performed during the index procedure.

title: Predictors of early and late left @entity591 and left XXXX after catheter ablation of @entity955 : long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Additional lesions']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['atrial flutter']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thoracic surgeons have limited experience with treating @entity3616 owing to its rare occurrence in routine clinical practice. METHODS: We retrospectively investigated the clinicopathologic features of 21 @entity1 with @entity3616 observed between 2001 and 2004. RESULTS: There were 15 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 . Mean age was 63 years. Eight @entity1 (38%) were symptomatic. Computed tomographic scan showed a single lesion in 17 @entity1 (12 nodules and 5 masses) and bilateral lesions in 4. Wedge resection was performed in 16 @entity1 and lobectomy in 5. There was no operative mortality. Follow-up was complete in all @entity1 (range, 2 to 46 months; median, 20 months). Surgery was curative in 15 of 17 @entity1 with a single lesion, and no recurrence was observed (p < 0.005). The remaining 2 @entity1 with a single lesion (2 masses) had a local relapse with the appearance of nodular lesions in the residual parenchyma. Both these @entity1 received @entity230 with resolution of the lesions. All 4 @entity1 with bilateral lesions who underwent surgery for diagnostic purposes received @entity230 with improvement of the radiologic aspect in 3 and stabilization of the lesions in 1. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical and radiologic findings of @entity3616 are nonspecific, and this unusual entity is difficult to differentiate from a primary or @entity3 . Surgical resection allows both diagnosis and cure. However, considering the benignity of the lesion and the efficacy of @entity230 , major pulmonary resections should be avoided.

title: XXXX : report of 21 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['localized organizing pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor']

answer: @entity3616 :: (MESH:D018549,Disease) :: ['Localized organizing pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) is associated with considerable @entity65 that has not yet been directly compared with other diseases with known cardiovascular risk. METHODS: Two hundred and forty-one @entity1 of the multicentre Swiss @entity1252 cohort study (SSCS) were cross-sectionally assessed for @entity301 ( @entity301 ), @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ). @entity1252 @entity1 were compared with a cohort of 193 @entity1 with @entity6 being followed at the University Hospital Basel. A subgroup analysis of 50 age- and sex-matched @entity1 from the University Hospital Basel was performed. RESULTS: Of @entity1 within the SSCS 13.3% had one or more vascular events: 8.3% @entity301 , 5% @entity66 and 1.2% @entity3657 . In @entity6 @entity1 , 15% had vascular events: 9.3% @entity301 , 3.1% @entity66 and 5.6% @entity3657 . In the matched subgroup, 26% of @entity1252 @entity1 had vascular events (14% @entity301 ) compared with 12% in type-1 @entity3918 @entity1 (2% @entity301 ). @entity65 factors were similar in both groups. Vascular events in @entity1252 @entity1 were associated with age, @entity66 , dyslipidaemia, and @entity101 . CONCLUSION: @entity65 in @entity1252 is at least as frequent as in age- and sex-matched @entity6 @entity1 . Therefore, aggressive screening and management of cardiovascular risk factors should be performed.

title: Prevalence of vascular disease in @entity1252 compared with XXXX : A cross-sectional study of two cohorts.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cerebrovascular disease', 'longer disease duration']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral artery disease', 'PAD']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type-1 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'Systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular risk', 'Cardiovascular morbidity', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type-1 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether @entity4148 and the @entity10409 can be treated with octreotide LAR (Long Acting Release). This was an open-label pilot project. Protocol 1 @entity1 with @entity4148 (n = 4) were given increasing doses of octreotide LAR once a month for three months. Blood pressure was measured in the sitting posture every two weeks. Pretreatment mean blood pressure averaged 83.8 +/- 7.1 mm Hg. After four, six and eight weeks of therapy the blood pressures averaged 96.3 +/- 6.4, 98.2 +/- 6.1 (p < .025), and 104.1 +/- 3.1 (p < .025) respectively. Therapy led to a dramatic improvement in symptoms in one @entity1 but another had an unacceptable elevation in supine blood pressure. Protocol 2 @entity1 with POTS or orthostatic intolerance were given 10, 20, or 30 mg of octreotide LAR over three months. Seven @entity1 entered and five completed the study. After two months treatment, standing time increased from 36.0 +/- 9.2 to 59.2 +/- .8 minutes (p < .01). Heart rate in the standing position was suppressed from 106 +/- .83 to 93.2 +/- .8 beats per minute (p < .05). @entity1296 and chronic fatigue improved. We conclude that octreotide LAR can be used to treat @entity4148 but there is a risk of an excessive pressor response. Octreotide LAR improved standing time and suppressed @entity591 in @entity1 with orthostatic intolerance.

title: Treatment of XXXX , @entity591 and orthostatic syncope with octreotide LAR.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10409 :: ('MESH:D054972', 'Disease') :: ['postural tachycardia syndrome']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['Orthostatic dizziness']

answer: @entity4148 :: (MESH:D001342,Disease) :: ['autonomic neuropathy']


abstract: Objectives.    To assess the mode-of-use of implanted programmable infusion pumps in @entity1 with nonmalignant, chronic @entity1643 . Materials and Methods.    Charts from 101 consecutive eligible @entity1 were analyzed retrospectively. Data were extracted relating to @entity1 demographics, pump mode of infusion and flow rate, and medications used. Results.    @entity1286 was the agent most frequently used and most @entity1 received one medication at each visit. At the last visit, 94.1% of @entity1 were receiving constant-flow treatment; 90.1% had received such treatment for  >=   six  months and 68.3% throughout the entire analysis period. For @entity1 attaining constant-flow treatment, mean time from implantation to start of such treatment was 2.7  months. Discussion.    The results suggest that many @entity1 with nonmalignant @entity1643 could be implanted with a constant-flow pump when their programmable device needs replacing or, in some cases, at the start of intrathecal treatment. This would reduce costs and the requirement for surgery.

title: The use of implanted programmable infusion pumps in the management of nonmalignant, chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low-back pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['Morphine']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low-back pain']


abstract: @entity302 in @entity1313 @entity1 is often refractory to pharmacological treatments and can complicate the therapeutic management of these @entity1 . We conducted a prospective, observational study. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of @entity1771 ( @entity22717 ) in @entity1313 associated @entity302 . We studied 47 @entity1 with @entity1313 and @entity302 . The entire group was administered AEDs. TPM was the first therapeutic choice in 14 @entity1 , while in the remaining 33 @entity1 previous AEDs were modified and TPM was introduced due to side effects or inefficacy of the first drug. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 48 months (mean 16.5 months). Considering the final follow-up of each @entity1 who assumed TPM for at least 3 months, we observed 45 @entity1 : 25 were @entity410 free (55.6%), 9 had a reduction of @entity410 frequency (SF) higher than 50% (20%) and 11 were stable (24.4%). TPM responder rate was 75.6%. Three @entity1 (6.4%) discontinued TPM for severe side effects (1 after 4 months and 2 after 1 month) and 4 (8.5%) had mild and reversible side effects. In the group of @entity1 who had been in therapy with other AEDs prior to entering the study (n = 33), 19 @entity1 had side effects (57.6%). During follow-up, the haematological parameters were in the normative ranges. Tumor-related @entity410 are difficult to control with AEDs; the precise reasons for this difficulty are not yet clear. Using TPM, we obtained good @entity410 control with a low incidence of side effects.

title: Outcome and tolerability of @entity1771 in XXXX associated @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: A new Body Mass Index (BMI) formula has been developed for a better approximation of under  and overweight. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of this newly proposed BMI formula for @entity260 in elective @entity14 surgery compared with the conventional BMI formula. METHODS: A digital database of @entity1 undergoing elective @entity14 surgery was prospectively maintained in three centers and retrospectively analyzed. Data consisted of @entity1 characteristics, surgical procedure, length of hospital stay (LOS), @entity260 , mortality, reoperation and readmission. The BMI was calculated using both the conventional and new BMI formula. @entity1 were divided into four groups (BMI <20, 20-25, 25-30, >= 30  kg/m(2)). RESULTS: A total of 1614 @entity1 were included. There was no significant difference in mean BMI between males and females using the conventional BMI formula (26.0 versus 26.2, p  =  0.347), whereas a trend was observed using the new BMI formula (26.3 versus 25.6, p  =  0.071). The proportion of overweight (BMI >= 25) male @entity1 was significantly higher compared with the proportion of overweight female @entity1 using the conventional formula (58.9% versus 51.0%, p  =  0.021), whereas a non-significant difference was observed using the new formula (51.7% versus 53.4%, p  =  0.515). Neither the conventional nor the new BMI were associated with @entity260 and LOS. Higher age, higher ASA classification, male gender, and conventional surgery were independent predictors of the occurrence of @entity260 . A longer LOS was also independently predicted by higher age, higher ASA classification and conventional surgery. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed no superiority of the new BMI formula in predicting @entity260 after @entity14 surgery. Confirmation of the results in a larger cohort is desirable.

title: The new Body Mass Index as a predictor of @entity260 in elective XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity169 form a part of the complex spectrum of weakness in the region of the myopectineal orifice. Laparoscopic surgery is one of the standard approaches for @entity547 . We describe the results of a randomized trial that was undertaken to compare and evaluate TAPP and TEP repair for bilateral @entity169 . METHODS: Sixty @entity1 were randomized into two groups. Group I (TAPP) and Group II (TEP) were compared in terms of procedure related variables, conversion, post-operative recovery and complications. Analysis was done using SPSS software version 17. RESULTS: Seventy-seven @entity1 were assessed for fitness to include in the study. Seventeen @entity1 had to be excluded due to either not meeting the inclusion criteria's or for not giving consent. The median age (52yrs) was comparable in both groups. In Group II (TEP) mean operating time was 120.89      29.28  min compared to 108.16      16.10  min in Group I (TAPP). Post-operative @entity158 scores were less in Group I(TAPP) at all levels of recording (8  h-48  h), though most @entity1 required injectable analgesic for 32  h in both groups (p-value 0.029). @entity9285 was more commonly noted in the Group II (TEP) (p-value 0.038). In Group I (TAPP) mean hospital stay was 52.0      14.21  h while in Group II (TEP) it was 52.29      9.36  h (p-value 0.427). Mean time for return to work was 11.8      2.35 days in Group I (TAPP) and 12.41      2.22 days in Group II (TEP) (p-value 0.339). CONCLUSION: The procedures though different in approach were quite similar in outcome. Mean operating time was increased in the TEP repairs along with immediate post-operative @entity158 scores. The pattern of some complications like @entity9285 was significantly more in the TEP group while minor @entity1317 though not significant was different in both groups. The indirect cost incurred from consumables did not vary other than need for more tacks in the TAPP group.

title: Prospective randomized trial comparing laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) and laparoscopic totally extra peritoneal (TEP) approach for bilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9285 :: ('MESH:D013352', 'Disease') :: ['Subcutaneous emphysema', 'subcutaneous emphysema']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral hernias']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral inguinal hernias', 'inguinal hernias']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernias']


abstract: The aim of the study was to find factors that may influence diagnostic process of @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ). Clinical presentation, lung function data and radiological changes were assessed in 57 @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity2416 . There were 25 females and 32 males in the study group; mean age was 61.4 +/- 10.9 years. Mean duration of symptoms in the whole group was 18.4 +/- 16.0 months. The most common symptoms were @entity1353 on exertion (96.5% of cases) and cough (84.2% of cases). 56 out of 57 @entity1 (98.2% of cases) had crackles on ausculation of the lungs. In one third of the @entity1 @entity28271 was found. Mean FVC% of predicted was 77.2 +/- 19.8%, and mean DLCO% of predicted was 61.6 +/- 16.8%. The most common associated disease was @entity741 , found in 43.9% of @entity1 . Duration of symptoms in @entity1 with @entity741 was 25.7 +/- 18.8 months and was as twice long as in the rest of the @entity1 , 12.8 +/- 10.5 months (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: 1: Associated @entity741 may cause delay in establishing the diagnosis of @entity2416 ; 2. Crackles on ausculation are characteristic for @entity2416 and together with disseminated changes on chest radiograms indicate correct diagnosis in @entity1 with associated @entity741 .

title: [ XXXX as a factor for hindering diagnosis of @entity2416 ].

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['IPF', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity28271 :: ('MESH:D010005', 'Disease') :: ['clubbing of the fingers']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['Ischemic heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of influenza virus vaccine in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). METHODS: The study population comprised 24 @entity1 with @entity1252 who received the split-virion, inactivated vaccine containing 15 micro g hemagglutinin (HA)/dose of each of A/Beijing/262/95(H1N1), A/Sydney/05/97(H3N2), and B/Harbin/07/94. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies were tested using the HI test according to a standard World Health Organization procedure. Immune response was defined as 4-fold or greater rise in HI antibodies 6 weeks after vaccination. Geometric mean titers (GMT) were calculated to assess the immunity of the whole group. RESULTS: All @entity1 were @entity1 . Prior to vaccination, the percentage of @entity1252 @entity1 with protective levels of HI antibodies and the GMT of HI antibodies were similar to those of age matched healthy @entity1 . Six weeks after vaccination, 75% of the @entity1 had immune response to at least one of the 3 antigens; 58.3% and 62.5% of the @entity1 responded to A/Sydney/05/97(H3N2) and B/Harbin/07/94, respectively. However, only 37.5% of the @entity1 responded to A/Beijing/262/95(H1N1). Six weeks after immunization, the @entity1252 @entity1 generated immune response against a mean number of 1.5 of the 3 influenza vaccines. There was a trend toward a lower immune response in @entity1 with age > or = 50 years, @entity229 dosage > or = 10 mg daily, and who used @entity500 . However, @entity1499 therapy was not associated with decreased response. CONCLUSION: The immune response to influenza vaccine of @entity1 with @entity1252 is lower than that seen in adults in the general population, in particular among older @entity1 and those treated with immunosuppressive therapy.

title: Specific antibody response after influenza immunization in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: AIM: THE purpose of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity1169 for problematic @entity11529 ( @entity11529 ), showing our experience on 24 @entity1 , with special focus on prematures. METHODS: A retrospective observational study considered 24 @entity1 who were given oral @entity1169 for the treatment of "problematic" @entity11529 . A multidisciplinary team, composed of a dermatologist, a pediatrician, a pediatric cardiologist, and a neonatologist, took part in the indication for @entity1169 and follow--up on all the @entity1 . @entity1169 was administered orally at the starting dose of 0.5--1 mg/kg/die and was gradually increased to the target dose of 2 mg/kg/die. A clinical gravity score, based on color, major diameter, thickness and texture was calculated for each @entity11529 , giving a numeric score before (t 0 ) and after (t f) @entity1169 therapy. Improvement rate was evaluated in terms of score percentage difference between t 0 and t f . RESULTS: All of the @entity11529 except one (96%), showed a variable grade of improvement, with a median score improvement of 69.1%. Median initial score in premature and term @entity1 didn't show any significant difference (p = 0.38). Otherwise the two subgroups showed a significant difference in final scores: medium percentage improvement in premature and term @entity1 , was respectively 80.9% and 49.6% (p < 0,01). No significant side effects were reported during the treatment period. CONCLUSION: As pointed out in our study, @entity11529 in premature @entity1 showed a significantly better response to @entity1169 treatment.

title: Efficacy of @entity1169 in cutaneous haemangiomas: it is more effective on premature XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity11529 :: ('MESH:D020936', 'Disease') :: ['infantile haemangiomas', 'IH']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Local tolerance of topical @entity726 treatment is important to achieve a good compliance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the consequences of local anti- @entity726 @entity137 on the vision-related quality of life (QoL). METHODS: A mail survey was sent to 20,000 homes of a panel representative of the French population asking whether one member of the family was suffering from @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) or @entity726 . (POAG) A computer-assisted telephone interviewing system was used to confirm self-reported @entity726 , to describe the disease and its treatment, and medical item consumption. Vision-related QoL was assessed with the NEI-VFQ-25 (National Eye Institute Visual - Function Questionnaire) and local tolerance with the COMTOL (Comparison of Ophthalmic Medications for TOLerability). RESULTS: 13,352 homes (66.7%) answered the mail. 581 @entity1 declared they were suffering from @entity726 or @entity2790 . Prevalence was 1.8%, increasing with age. 204 @entity1 were selected at random Their NEI-VFQ-25 global score showed an overall good QoL. Two domain scores showed some deterioration: general health and driving. 62.4% of the @entity1 cited at least one local side effect. 25.4% had burning, 20.8% blurred vision and 20.2% tearing. @entity227 related QoL was associated with the presence of local side effects leading to poor perceived treatment satisfaction. Dissatisfied @entity1 visited their ophthalmologist more frequently. CONCLUSION: Based on a representative French sample, poor vision related QoL was associated with topical @entity137 that also impact @entity1 satisfaction and compliance. Longitudinal data collection should be performed to confirm our findings.

title: Vision related quality of life and topical XXXX treatment side effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Poor vision']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug side effects']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['OHT', 'ocular hypertension']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: @entity32 can be defined as the host response when confronted with an @entity146 . The purpose of the inflammatory reaction is the defense of the host for re--establishing the baseline homeostasis of the organism. Compared to the neuroendocrine changes associated to the stress response to injury, the inflammatory reaction is the major determinant of @entity1 's recovery in the perioperative period. Perioperative @entity32 is involved in the occurrence of various postoperative adverse outcomes other than only acute @entity158 . By consequence, perioperative strategies which limit or control the inflammatory response might have beneficial effects on @entity1 's recovery. The present review summarizes the current knowledges on the interactions between some of these strategies, specifically regional anesthesia (RA) techniques, and @entity32 in the context of perioperative medicine. Regional Anesthesia through its components i.e. local anesthetics and @entity3661 adjuvants like alpha--2 adrenergic agonists ( @entity1338 , @entity6948 ) modulates the inflammatory response consecutive to tissue injury by various mechanisms, at different levels. While experimental studies have shown that RA techniques modulate both local and systemic inflammatory reactions, in contrast, clinical findings are inconsistent as actual RA techniques fail to impact major @entity1 ' outcomes beyond immediate postoperative @entity1337 . The discrepancy between experimental findings and clinical observations asks questions and argues for a different view of preoperative inflammatory processes, in other words for an individualized management of the @entity1 . Future developments of tools to quantify inflammatory and immune profile of @entity1 might certainly lead to exciting findings and to major improvements in perioperative medicine.

title: Continuous regional anesthesia and XXXX , a new target.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity3661 :: ('MESH:D051271', 'Disease') :: ['analgesic']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: Voltage gated @entity460 channel (VGCC) antibodies are generally associated with @entity7235 . However the presence of this antibody has been associated with @entity8231 as well as non- @entity8231 @entity2746 . Most @entity1 with VGCC-antibody-positivity have @entity151 ( @entity151 ). @entity7235 ( @entity7235 ) is an autoimmune disease of the presynaptic part of the neuromuscular junction. Its classical clinical triad is proximal @entity425 , @entity4894 and @entity5433 . Fifty to sixty percent of @entity7235 @entity1 have a @entity5 , usually @entity151 . The co-occurrence of @entity151 and @entity7235 causes more severe and @entity74 and shorter survival than non- @entity8231 @entity7235 . Treatment includes 3,4 @entity63404 for symptomatic purposes and immunotherapy with @entity617 , @entity500 or intravenous immunoglobulin in @entity1 unresponsive to 3,4 @entity63404 . @entity37229 ( @entity37229 ) is a syndrome characterized with severe, subacute @entity409 . Serum is positive for VGCC antibody in 41%-44% of @entity1 , usually with the co-occurrence of @entity151 . Clinical and electrophysiological features of @entity7235 are also present in 20%-40% of these @entity1 . Unfortunately, @entity37229 symptoms do not improve with immunotherapy. The role of VGCC antibody in the immunopathogenesis of @entity7235 is well known whereas its role in @entity37229 is still unclear. All @entity1 presenting with @entity7235 or @entity37229 must be investigated for @entity151 .

title: Voltage gated XXXX channel antibody-related neurological diseases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity4894 :: ('MESH:D019846', 'Disease') :: ['areflexia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['pancerebellar dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity63404 :: ('CHEBI:51598', 'Chemical') :: ['diaminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity7235 :: ('MESH:D015624', 'Disease') :: ['Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome', 'LEMS']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2746 :: ('MESH:D013132', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar degeneration']

entities_list: @entity37229 :: ('MESH:D020362', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity8231 :: ('MESH:D010257', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: The present retrospective study aimed to investigate the frequency, risk factors, and anatomical and visual outcomes of @entity1713 ( @entity1713 ) after vitrectomy performed for dropped nucleus. Medical records of the @entity1 who underwent pars plana vitrectomy ( @entity2286 ) due to the development of dropped nucleus after @entity231 surgery by phacoemulsification between 2003 and 2014 in three different centers were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic characteristics of the @entity1 , intraocular pressure before @entity2286 , data regarding @entity2286 , and development of @entity1713 during follow-up period were recorded. The mean age of 79 @entity1 with dropped nucleus enrolled in the study was 67.04  7.36 years (range, 51-82 years); 51.9% were female. Of these 79 @entity1 , 9 (11.4%) developed @entity1713 after @entity2286 . Anatomic success was achieved in 8 of 9 @entity1 . Intraocular pressure before @entity2286 was significantly higher in the @entity1 with @entity1713 development than in those without @entity1713 development. Final visual acuity was <20/40 in 5 @entity1 and >= 40/200 in 2 @entity1 . No significant risk factor affecting @entity1713 development after @entity2286 was determined in the model including age, gender, intraocular pressure before @entity2286 , presence of intraocular lens, and severity of @entity32 before @entity2286 . Conclusively, @entity1713 is an important complication that is likely to occur in @entity1 undergoing @entity2286 after @entity231 surgery.

title: @entity1713 after vitrectomy performed for dropped nucleus following XXXX surgery: a retrospective case series.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['RD', 'retinal detachment']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of interventions aimed at improving neurologic outcome after @entity1167 . METHODS: The authors conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial with factorial design to see if @entity1760 , @entity3175 , or both, when given immediately following resuscitation from out-of-hospital @entity1167 , would increase the proportion of @entity1 awakening, defined as following commands or having comprehensible speech. If the @entity1 regained a systolic blood pressure of at least 90 mm Hg and had not awakened, paramedics injected IV two syringes stored in a sealed kit. The first always contained either 2 g @entity2399 (M) or placebo (P); the second contained either 10 mg @entity3175 (D) or P. Awakening at any time by 3 months was determined by record review, and independence at 3 months was determined by telephone calls. Over 30 months, 300 @entity1 were randomized in balanced blocks of 4, 75 each to @entity601 , @entity2468 , @entity1726 , or PP. The study was conducted under waiver of consent. RESULTS: Despite the design, the four treatment groups differed on baseline variables collected before randomization. Percent awake by 3 months for each group were: @entity601 , 29.3%; @entity2468 , 46.7%; @entity1726 , 30.7%; PP, 37.3%. Percent independent at 3 months were: @entity601 , 17.3%; @entity2468 , 34.7%; @entity1726 , 17.3%; PP, 25.3%. Significant interactions were lacking. After adjusting for baseline imbalances, none of these differences was significant, and no adverse effects were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Neither @entity1760 nor @entity3175 significantly improved neurologic outcome from @entity1167 .

title: Randomized clinical trial of XXXX , @entity3175 , or both after out-of-hospital @entity1167 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['magnesium']