abstract: A new form of @entity22965 was observed in an inbred line of large weight white @entity233 . It is characterized by shortened and thickened long bones of the legs and wings and proportionally shortened beaks. The absence of some terminal phalanges was noted in about half of the mutants. A hydrocephalous condition was observed in a few mutants but was not found in normal embryos. The @entity22965 is caused by an autosomal recessive semi-lethal gene designated @entity39246 . Only three @entity39246 @entity39246 individuals have hatched normally but others have been assisted out of the shell and have survived for varying periods of time. Of six that survived to mature age, all were sterile. A slightly different form of @entity22965 was observed in medium-weight @entity233 from three sources. This type, which did not have the missing phalanges or hydrocephalic expression, was also caused by a recessive gene which was different from @entity39246 . Phenotypically, they differed from s s embryos (Asmundson, 1944) by shortening of the beak and failure to hatch.

title: Hereditary chondrodystrophy in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity22965 :: ('MESH:C536140', 'Disease') :: ['chondrodystrophy']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['turkey']


abstract: The Kasai redo surgery is important for treating @entity2876 . In the era of liver transplantation (LTx), pediatric surgeons must accurately select @entity1 for redo surgery and ensure that potential LTx can be performed later. Although optimal timing for redo varies among cases, appropriate timing is essential. We reviewed the significance, optimal timing, operative procedures, and indications of Kasai redo surgery. Between 1989 and 2011, 2,630 @entity1 were registered in the Japanese @entity2876 Registry (JBAR), and the data collected from JBAR regarding Kasai redo surgery were analyzed. @entity1 were divided into two groups, Group 1 (1989-1999, n  =  1,423) and Group 2 (2000-2011, n  =  1,207). The redo incidence significantly reduced in Group 2. Although no significant difference was found in the native @entity409 -free survival rates between the two groups, the overall survival rate at initial registry was significantly higher in Group 2. This may be because of the limited number of @entity1 selected for redo and increased availability of early LTx. @entity1 who achieved sufficient bile drainage following the initial Kasai surgery but developed sudden bile flow cessation were the best candidates  for  Kasai redo surgery; it should be performed only once for this subset.

title: Redo surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver jaundice']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['Biliary Atresia', 'biliary atresia']

answer: @entity2876 :: (MESH:D001656,Disease) :: ['biliary atresia']


abstract: A 46-year-old @entity1 presented to the surgery outpatient clinic with an @entity1066 on top of his left foot. He had previously been diagnosed with @entity5702 but had withdrawn from follow-up. His foot showed a deep @entity1066 defect accompanied by profound @entity39 extending to the @entity2720 . There was a nodular skin defect over the first metatarsophalangeal joint, which was shown by histopathology to be a @entity1491 , and the @entity1066 was bordered by a raised wall. Further physical examination revealed more than 200 dermal lesions which were identified by the dermatologist who was called in for consultation as @entity1491 ; @entity308 due to abnormal local keratinisation were also seen on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. These findings led to a diagnosis of ' @entity5702 '. The @entity1 was treated by amputation of the lower leg followed by excision and curettage of the remaining @entity1491 . At the time of the last follow-up, the @entity1 was being checked periodically in the dermatology outpatient clinic. @entity5702 is a rare autosomal dominant @entity74 . The prevalence is estimated to be between 1 in 57,000 and 1 in 164,000. @entity5702 is generally caused by a mutation in the 'patched homolog' ( @entity2750 )-I gene, located on chromosome 9q22.3. Although the syndrome affects multiple organ systems, the most characteristic of this disorder is the appearance of @entity1491 .

title: [ @entity5702 as the cause of a chronic foot XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['multiple depressions']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcerating']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disease']

entities_list: @entity5702 :: ('MESH:D018295', 'Disease') :: ['Basal cell naevus syndrome', 'basal cell naevus syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['metatarsophalangeal joints']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinomas', 'basal cell carcinoma', 'multiple basal cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is one of the most common @entity943 . In some @entity1 , the disease is inheritable; however, hereditary aspects of @entity955 remain not fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify genetic backgrounds that contribute to juvenile-onset @entity955 and to define the mechanism. METHODS: In 30 consecutive juvenile-onset @entity955 @entity1 (onset age <50 years), we screened @entity955 -related genes ( @entity9677 , @entity9678 , KCNE1-3, @entity26435 , @entity12397 , @entity1788 ). We analyzed the function of mutant channels using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques and computer simulations. RESULTS: Among the juvenile-onset @entity955 @entity1 , we identified three mutations (10%): @entity1788 - @entity41721 , @entity12397 - @entity41722 , and @entity9677 - @entity41723 . Because @entity9677 variant ( @entity41723 ) identified in a 16-year-old @entity1 was novel, we focused on the proband. The @entity41723 -IKs was found to induce a large instantaneous activating component without deactivation after repolarization to -50 mV. In addition, @entity164 ( @entity164 )/ @entity41723 -IKs ( @entity164 and mutant coexpression) displayed both instantaneous and time-dependent activating currents. Compared to @entity164 -IKs, the tail current densities in @entity164 / @entity41723 -IKs were larger at test potentials between -130 and -40 mV but smaller at test potentials between 20 and 50 mV. Moreover, @entity164 / @entity41723 -IKs resulted in a negative voltage shift for current activation (-35.2 mV) and slower deactivation. @entity164 / @entity41723 -IKs conducted a large outward current induced by an atrial action potential waveform, and computer simulation incorporating the @entity164 / @entity41723 -IKs results revealed that the mutation shortened atrial but not ventricular action potential. CONCLUSION: A novel @entity9677 - @entity41723 mutation identified in a juvenile-onset @entity955 @entity1 altered the IKs activity and kinetics, thereby increasing the arrhythmogenicity to @entity955 .

title: A novel XXXX missense mutation identified in a @entity1 with juvenile-onset @entity955 causes constitutively open IKs channels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

answer: @entity9677 :: (3784,Gene) :: ['KCNQ1']


abstract: AIM: Velocity criteria for diagnosis of @entity543 are subject to flow phenomenon such as @entity850 or @entity432 . Duplex tri-axial diameter and cross sectional area measurements are potentially more accurate because they are anatomic. METHODS: As part of a prospective study on triplanar ultrasound @entity543 measurements, 30 consecutive @entity1 were studied by 3 independent operators to assess variability of the technique. PSV and EDV were recorded at the common and internal carotid arteries and Duplex B-mode long-axis and diameter views were obtained using color and/or power Doppler. Cross-sectional area (CSAS), @entity5562 ( @entity5562 ), and triaxial diameter measurements, based on the NASCET criteria were performed at the narrowest lumen. RESULTS: The CSAS, @entity5562 and triaxial diameter measurements were not significantly different in the 3 measurements and that was true for the 3 operators (ANOVA, P=0.1 for both). There were 4 @entity1 where the velocity measurements differed by one @entity850 grade, when compared to diameter. The triaxial diameter @entity850 correlated well with the percent area reduction for all three measurements. Other than having a very good linear relationship (R2=0.95, R2=0.96, R2=0.93). The @entity5562 was reduced with increasing grades of @entity850 and provided a clear separation between the 50-69% and 80-99% grades with only a small overlap in the 70-79% grade. CONCLUSION: The present analysis demonstrates that CSAS and triaxial diameter can be performed by experienced investigators with low variability and good reproducibility. Velocity and planimetric measurements are complimentary in the assessment of @entity543 .

title: B-mode estimate of @entity543 : planimetric measurements complement the velocity estimate of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5562 :: ('MESH:D015875', 'Disease') :: ['minimal luminal diameter', 'MLD']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis', 'carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['internal carotid stenosis']


abstract: We compared the effect of conditioned taste aversion in @entity35 by measuring the amount of @entity969 that they drunk after conditioning, which differed according to whether @entity35 had drunk the sucrose freely ( @entity168 : self drinking) during the conditioning session, or had been forced to drink it (IO: intra-oral administration through a chronically implanted cannula). The @entity168 procedure delayed the extinction of conditioned taste aversion. Enhanced arousal, alertness, @entity3596 or attention in the @entity168 condition may have strengthened the memory of the taste. Brain noradrenergic networks are involved in such processes. We administered two noradrenergic drugs that produce opposite effects on @entity1063 release in the brain, @entity16289 - @entity9006 , @entity23190 (1mg/kg, i.p.), and @entity1774 (0.12mg/kg, i.p.). We evaluated their effect (i) on the level of @entity1063 in the gustatory cortex using microdialysis, (ii) on glycaemia that is an essential factor of taste learning and (iii) on the comparative @entity168 versus IO conditioned taste aversion protocol mentioned above. Injecting @entity23190 increased the level of @entity1063 in the gustatory cortex up to two-fold of the baseline. This effect lasted 1h. The same dose of @entity23190 did not elicit any alteration of glycaemia. It enhanced extinction of conditioned taste aversion in the @entity168 group of @entity35 . Injecting 0.12mg/kg of @entity1774 produced the opposite effect. The @entity1063 level of the gustatory cortex decreased, but only down to 20% of the baseline. This decrease lasted 2h. @entity1774 increased glycaemia. Extinction of conditioned taste aversion was only marginally decreased by @entity1774 in the @entity168 group of @entity35 . These results fit with Aston-Jones' point of view that the role of the noradrenergic coeruleo-cortical system may be to enhance arousal, alertness, @entity3596 or attention to an event by a transient increase of cortical @entity1063 .

title: Adrenergic drugs modify the level of @entity1063 in the insular cortex and alter extinction of conditioned taste aversion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3596 :: ('MESH:D058926', 'Disease') :: ['awareness']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity9006 :: ('MESH:D019329', 'Chemical') :: ['idazoxan']

entities_list: @entity1774 :: ('MESH:D016316', 'Chemical') :: ['Guanfacine', 'guanfacine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Although @entity1 @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) is the most common @entity5 in @entity1 , its etiology is still unclear. At present, it is only widely accepted that @entity1067 is under the endocrine control of the testes and strongly associated with aging. Therefore, in the @entity1 prostate we describe the impact of aging on the activity of various @entity342 metabolizing enzymes as well as on the endogenous @entity342 and @entity172 levels. Moreover, the inhibition of @entity10831 by @entity585 (Proscar) will be reported. Among all @entity342 metabolizing enzymes, within the @entity1 prostate @entity10831 is the most powerful one. Most of the @entity342 metabolizing enzymes undergo a significant age-dependent alteration. For distinct enzymes, the correlation with age is either negative (e.g. @entity10831 ), or positive. Despite a complex pattern of age-dependent alterations, the dominance of @entity10831 among all @entity342 metabolizing enzymes is always maintained. This is underlined by a strong accordance between the age-dependent @entity10831 activity and the corresponding age-dependent endogenous @entity587 level. In epithelium, both the @entity10831 activity and the @entity587 level decrease with age, whereas in stroma not only the @entity10831 activity is rather constant over the whole age range but the @entity587 level as well. In contrast to the relatively unaltered @entity587 content in the stroma of the @entity1 prostate, the @entity172 content follows an age-dependent increase. On the other side, in epithelium such a positive correlation between the @entity172 level and age is not found. Thus, the age-dependent decrease of the @entity587 accumulation in epithelium and the concomitant increase of the @entity172 accumulation in stroma will lead to a tremendous increase with age of the @entity172 / @entity342 ratio in the @entity1 prostate. This could be of pathogenetic importance for @entity1067 development if in fact a balanced @entity342 / @entity172 synergism is necessary for the integrity of the normal @entity1 prostate. Finally, it is remarkable that the inhibition of @entity10831 activity by @entity585 (Proscar) is significantly stronger in epithelium than in stroma. Therefore, it is conceivable that the global size-reduction of @entity1067 under @entity585 treatment is primarily due to the regression of @entity1067 epithelium.

title: [ @entity1067 --the outcome of age-induced alteration of XXXX - @entity172 balance?].

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['finasteride']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine whether serum concentrations of anti-M  llerian hormone ( @entity248 ) can be used as a tool for prediction of the efficacy of sperm retrieval. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort observational study. @entity248 levels were determined in 47 @entity1 presenting for @entity249 evaluation. Group 1 consisted of 24 @entity249 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity3893 . Group 1 was further divided into two subgroups. The @entity1 with @entity12179 in their testicular samples constituted group 1a (n = 13), while the @entity1 with absence of @entity12179 constituted group 1b (n = 11). Twenty-three normozoospermic fertile @entity1 constituted group 2. Serum @entity248 was measured before obtaining testicular specimens. RESULTS: Testicular @entity12179 were recovered in 13 out of the 24 @entity1 (54%). Demographic characteristics of the three groups were similar. The difference between serum @entity248 levels among the three groups did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: We speculated that although @entity248 is secreted predominantly into the seminiferous tubules, studying serum samples might be more advantageous than seminal plasma because the presence of seminal proteases could influence @entity248 levels in the latter. However, our results did not demonstrate differences in serum concentrations of @entity248 between the studied groups. Studies with extended @entity1 populations focusing on seminal plasma concentrations of @entity248 are warranted.

title: Serum anti-M  llerian hormone levels do not predict the efficiency of testicular sperm retrieval in XXXX with @entity3893 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'infertile']

entities_list: @entity12179 :: ('OMIM:102530', 'Disease') :: ['spermatozoa']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['non-obstructive azoospermia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: PURPOSE: The Finnish distribution of clinical @entity15439 ( @entity15439 ) types is 40% @entity37139 , 34% USH1 and 12% @entity24129 . All @entity1 with @entity37139 carry the founder mutation in @entity37139 ( @entity37139 ), whereas we recently reported three novel @entity30262 ( @entity30262 ) mutations in two unrelated @entity1 with USH1. This study was carried out to further investigate the @entity15439 mutation spectrum in Finnish @entity1 . METHODS: We analysed samples from nine unrelated @entity15439 @entity1 /families without known mutations and two @entity37139 families with atypically severe phenotype. The Asper Ophthalmics @entity15439 mutation chip was used to screen for known mutations and to evaluate the chip in molecular diagnostics of Finnish @entity1 . RESULTS: The chip revealed a heterozygous usherin ( @entity24129 ) mutation, @entity37140 , in one @entity1 . Sequencing of @entity30262 and/or @entity24129 in three index @entity1 revealed two novel heterozygous mutations, @entity37141 in @entity30262 and @entity37142 in @entity24129 . We did not identify definite pathogenic second mutations in the @entity1 , but identified several probably nonpathogenic variations that may modify the disease phenotype. Possible digenism could not be excluded in two families segregating genomic variations in both @entity30262 and @entity24129 , and two families with @entity37139 and @entity24129 . CONCLUSION: We conclude that there is considerable genetic heterogeneity of USH1 and @entity24129 in Finland, making molecular diagnostics and genetic counselling of @entity1 and families challenging.

title: Extended mutation spectrum of XXXX in Finland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15439 :: ('MESH:D052245', 'Disease') :: ['Usher syndrome', 'USH']

answer: @entity15439 :: (MESH:D052245,Disease) :: ['Usher syndrome']


abstract: To investigate the mechanism of the long-lasting efficacy of chimeric monoclonal anti- @entity310 antibody ( @entity7464 ) therapy for @entity309 ( @entity309 ), eight @entity1 with refractory @entity309 were treated with a single infusion of @entity7464 and the changes in circulating cytokines ( @entity1192 , @entity650 , @entity310 , and @entity688 ), soluble cytokine receptors ( @entity10736 , RII, and sIL-6R) and peripheral @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) subset counts were followed up long-term (12 weeks) after @entity7464 therapy in them. Significant clinical responses (>20% improvement according to Paulus' criteria) were observed just after @entity7464 infusion and lasted more than 4 weeks in all @entity1 , as reported elsewhere. Moreover, five of the eight @entity1 showed prolonged clinical responses (>12 weeks). The elevated serum @entity650 and sTNF-RI (or RII) levels before treatment rapidly decreased after treatment. The serum @entity688 levels also significantly elevated before treatment. The elevations of serum @entity688 levels were augmented after treatment and stayed higher than the baseline in four @entity1 with prolonged clinical responses. No significant @entity310 , @entity1192 , or sIL-6R were detected in the sera of the @entity1 before treatment and during the whole study period. On the other hand, peripheral lymphocytes as well as total @entity1503 and neutrophils increased for 4 weeks after treatment. However, thereafter, only the lymphocyte count decreased gradually and stayed below the baseline long-term (12 weeks). FACS analysis revealed the predominance of T lymphocytes in the decrease in lymphocyte counts. These results suggest that the augmentation of @entity688 production and the decrease in T cells might partly contribute to the long-lasting efficacy of @entity7464 treatment in @entity309 .

title: Long-term follow-up of the changes in circulating cytokines, soluble cytokine receptors, and @entity1503 subset counts in @entity1 with @entity309 ( XXXX ) after monoclonal anti- @entity310 antibody therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['WBC', 'white blood cell']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['RA']


abstract: This prospective study was undertaken to systematically analyze the predictors of mortality in the elderly in a developing country. All elderly @entity1 with ARF hospitalized at this tertiary care centre over 1 year were studied. Various predictors analyzed were hospital-acquired ARF, causative factors of ARF, preexisting @entity101 and @entity6 , severity of @entity177 (initial and peak serum @entity1011 , need for dialysis), and complications of ARF: @entity281 during the course of @entity221 ; serum albumin levels and @entity3124 defined as presence of two or more organ system failures excluding @entity177 . Of 33,301 @entity1 admitted, 4,255 (12.7%) were elderly. Of these 69 (1.6%) had ARF. On analysis of the whole group, both young and elderly, age >60 years had an independent predictor of mortality (odds ratio 5.6, P = 0.001). Forty-two of the 69 (60.9%) elderly ARF @entity1 died. The mortality was significantly increased in those elderly with hospital-acquired ARF (79.2%, P = 0.027), those with @entity295 as a cause of ARF (71.2%, P = 0.004), those who required dialysis (72.5%, P = 0.022), those developing an @entity281 during the course of ARF (87.9%, P = 0.000) and in those with a @entity3124 (90.0%, P = 0.00). On logistic regression analysis of those variables that were significant on univariate analysis, only @entity3124 (odds ratio 9.97) and @entity281 during course (odds ratio 9.72) were the independent predictors of mortality. To conclude, ARF complicates only 1.6% of hospitalized elderly @entity1 but is associated with a high mortality rate of 61%. Infection during the course of @entity221 and @entity3124 were the independent predictors of mortality.

title: Predictors of mortality in elderly XXXX with acute renal failure in a developing country.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) is an @entity4903 exhibiting variable age at onset of clinical features allied with complex diseases in the later life. ACE is a pleiotropic molecule associated with various pathophysiological functions. The present study was aimed to establish the frequency of ACE I/D gene polymorphism in @entity1 and controls and to assess the influence of this polymorphism on anthropometric and various clinical features of the condition. METHODS: ACE I/D genotyping was carried out in 259 @entity3610 @entity1 and 315 healthy ultrasound scanned @entity1 of South Indian origin. RESULTS: The distribution of @entity336 , @entity25878 and II genotypes in @entity1 was 39, 37 and 24 %, whereas in the controls it was 31, 51 and 18 % respectively. Significant difference was observed in the genotypic frequency distributions between the @entity1 and controls, however the allelic frequencies did not vary between the groups (p>0.05). Quartile analysis revealed preponderance of @entity336 genotype in the first two quartiles and a linear increase of II genotype from first to the last quartiles. Further, Multiple Logistic regression analysis revealed significant association of ACE I/D gene polymorphism with @entity3594 and age at onset (AAO) of the syndrome (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study is the first report to highlight the predisposing role of @entity336 and protective role of @entity25878 genotype towards @entity3610 . @entity1 with single or double dose of D allele may develop @entity3610 symptoms at an early age and also significantly associated with @entity3594 , a marker of insulin resistance.

title: Do ACE I/D gene polymorphism serve as a predictive marker for age at onset in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['Polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity3594 :: ('MESH:D000052', 'Disease') :: ['acanthosis']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine disorder']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['PCOS']


abstract: The general population is exposed to @entity3323 (AA) mainly through food and @entity286 smoke. AA is classified as probably carcinogenic to @entity1 . @entity37072 (GA), as the primary oxidative metabolite, was identified to be the ultimate genotoxic agent. This warrants full investigation of the oxidative pathway in AA metabolism and the share of the oxidative compared to the reductive pathway. @entity39280 ( @entity39281 ) as the direct hydrolysis product of GA has been shown to be a major urinary oxidative metabolite in @entity1 AA metabolism. We developed an analytical method to reliably quantify @entity39281 in urine by GC- @entity15 after a multistep procedure including "stripping" on a solid phase material, lyophilization, silylation and re-extraction. With a detection limit of 1  g/L, our method is sensitive enough to quantify @entity39281 in all urine samples of the general population. Within and between series precisions were between 1.9% and 8.2% and mean recoveries between 97% and 101%. We applied this method to 30 urine samples from the general population. In all the samples, @entity39281 was present in concentrations between 6.8 and 109.4  g/L (median, 49.7  g/L) with no difference between smokers and non-smokers. @entity39281 concentrations were approximately ten times higher than expected from the metabolism of AA via GA. Currently, we cannot confirm @entity39281 to be a specific biomarker of the oxidative pathway of AA metabolism. Other sources than AA respectively GA might need to be considered for the formation of @entity39281 .

title: Determination of XXXX , an oxidative metabolite of @entity3323 , in @entity1 urine by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity37072 :: ('MESH:C071834', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycidamide']

entities_list: @entity3323 :: ('MESH:D020106', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylamide']

entities_list: @entity39280 :: ('MESH:C561481', 'Chemical') :: ['2,3-Dihydroxy-propionamide']

answer: @entity39280 :: (MESH:C561481,Chemical) :: ['2,3-dihydroxypropionamide']


abstract: Objective. To obtain electrophysiological effects of Fu's subcutaneous needling (FSN) on needling distance by assessment of endplate noise (EPN) recorded from the myofascial trigger spots (MTrSs) in @entity95 skeletal muscle. Method. Eighteen @entity95 weighing 2.5-3.0 kg were randomly divided into two groups as follows: @entity4094 ( @entity4094 ) group and distal needling (DN) group. The needling procedure followed the instructions described by the inventor of FSN, including needling insertion and swaying movement. The amplitudes of EPN on the MTrS region of BF muscle were recorded as an index of MTrS @entity146 . Random sampling of EPN tracings were taken for further analyses before, during, and after FSN treatment. Results. In @entity4094 and DN groups, the trends of EPN amplitude alterations were similar at conditions before, during, and after FSN treatment. The degree of reduction in the EPN amplitude in @entity4094 group was significantly higher than that in DN group. There were no significant changes in EPN amplitudes in the MTrS of contralateral BF without FSN intervention either in DN or @entity4094 group. Conclusion. The @entity146 of proximal MTrSs could be modulated after ipsilateral FSNs. The placement of FSN may affect the effectiveness of suppression of @entity146 of MTrSs.

title: Remote subcutaneous needling to suppress the @entity146 of myofascial trigger spots: an experimental study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['PN', 'proximal needling']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'New Zealand rabbits']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: The role of bacteria in @entity102 ( @entity102 ) is still debated and their effect on the lower airways is less known. The aim of this study was to identify the individual bacterial species in @entity102 and to correlate these microbiological data with the clinical findings and associated bacterial cultures of the lower airways. This prospective study included 25 @entity102 @entity1 scheduled for functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Preoperatively, pulmonary function and CT examinations were performed together with endoscopic and clinical assessment. Under aseptic conditions, with the @entity1 under general anesthesia, 25 bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) via the endotracheal tube and 50 endoscopically guided middle meatal specimens were obtained. All the specimens were examined for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and correlated to the associated neutrophilic cellular changes. Positive bacterial cultures were obtained in 71% of the middle meatal specimens and 8% of the BAL specimens. Three subgroups of lower airway involvement were identified, i.e. @entity565 , @entity1565 ( @entity1565 ) and normal lower airways. In @entity1565 only, there was a significant correlation between the cultured bacteria of the left (p = 0.04) and the right (p = 0.04) middle meatus and the presence of local neutrophilia. In @entity565 , middle meatal bacterial cultures correlated with nasal blockage (p = 0.04) and CT Lund-Mackay score (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Middle meatal cultures were frequently positive, mainly aerobic Gram-positive bacteria. In @entity1565 , a mixed flora of Gram-positive aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria was observed that correlated with @entity32 . BAL cultures do not show infection or colonization of the lower airways, despite functional abnormalities in 60% of the @entity1 .

title: Bacterial cultures of the middle meatus and bronchoalveolar lavage in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1565 :: ('MESH:D056151', 'Disease') :: ['small airway disease', 'SAD']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis', 'CRS']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis']


abstract: In the present experiments we have attempted to determine whether one or more of the biogenic @entity4478 are involved in the prehatching and hatching behavior of the @entity1573 . Injection of @entity2515 first induces a @entity308 in ongoing spontaneous motility on day 16 of incubation. Prior to this, @entity2515 has no apparent effect on @entity146 . @entity2515 injections on days 17-19 induce a similar behavioral @entity308 that lasts for at least six hours; by 24 hours post-injection the behavior of @entity2515 -treated embryos is comparable to controls. Injection of @entity2515 on day 20 (post-pip) delays hatching by about nine hours. Injection of @entity2515 into the yolk-sac of eggs prior to incubation also delays hatching by eight to nine hours. It is unlikely that the well-known cardiovascular effects of @entity2515 are involved in the above behavioral results since spinal embryos also exhibit a behavioral @entity308 following @entity2515 treatment. Biochemical estimation of @entity1063 (NE) in the brain of @entity2515 -treated embryos suggest that it is release, not depletion, of the @entity2661 that is responsible for the behavioral effects. Additional suport for this notion comes from experiments in which 16- or 18-day old embryos were injected with NE, L-dopa or @entity4944 . In each case, a behavioral @entity308 similar to that produced by @entity2515 resulted. @entity1338 , a NE agonist induces a @entity308 in certain aspects of @entity146 (Types 1 and 2), but also selectively enhances a corrdinated motor pattern (type 3 motility) involved in prehatching behavior (tucking). @entity1338 first evokes this behavior pattern one or two days prior to its spontaneous appearance on day 16. After pipping on day 19 or 20 @entity1338 no longer activates Type 3 behavior, even if injected during the actual hatching process (climax). Since the alpha-adrenergic blocking agent @entity5333 blocks the effect of @entity1338 on Type 3 tucking behavior, whereas the beta-adrenergic blocker @entity1169 does not, we suggest that tucking and the attainment of the hatching position are mediated by an alpha-adrenergic mechanism in the brain and/or spinal cord. Furthermore, since @entity1338 affects the Type 3 behavior associated with tucking, but not the somewhat similar coordinated behavior involved in hatching and emergence from the shell (climax), we propose that this later behavior pattern be given a new name, Type 4 motility.

title: Experimental studies on hatching behavior in the XXXX . IV. Evidence for the role of a noradrenergic mechanism.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic behavior']

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['Reserpine', 'reserpine']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['Clonidine', 'clonidine']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate intraocular pressure parameters and the role of other ocular risk factors in the progression of @entity725 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of long-term glaucomatous progression in 140 @entity1 (280 eyes) with @entity725 ( @entity725 ) between 1998 and 2009. After analyzing their disease progression, the eyes of our @entity1 were divided into two groups: group 1 (G1) consisted of eyes with worsening of their @entity725 , and group 2 (G2) consisted of the eyes that remained stable. The indicators of progression studied were factors associated with @entity1781 , other ocular risk factors, and treatment-related risk factors. RESULTS: We found 188 eyes with stable @entity2194 with @entity726 progression (G1), for a progression rate of 32.9%. Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) at diagnosis was statistically higher in the cases with progression, 22.78 mmHg vs. 19.9 mmHg for stable cases (P=0.03; OR=5.25). Higher final intraocular pressure (IOP) was also associated with progression (16.82 mmHg for G1 vs. 14.85 mmHg for G2; P=0.051). IOP less or equal to 12.75 mmHg was identified as the target pressure for our population. Progressed eyes also showed a statistically higher diurnal peak IOP (23.13 mmHg vs. 19.87 mmHg for G2; P=0.007). Long term IOP fluctuation was also predictive of progression (4.43 mmHg for G1 vs. 2.31 mmHg for G2; P=0.003). Eyes with initial @entity227 more than 8.2dB had 4.8 times the risk of progression (P=0.07). However, eyes diagnosed in an early @entity726 stage had four times the chance of maintaining a stable visual field (P=0.003). Statistically significant risk factors between the two groups also included: pseudoexfoliation (OR=2.84; P=0.05), @entity267 than 505   (OR=10.89; P=0.005), topical beta blockers (P=0.003), and more than two topical medications (OR=3; P=0.003). CONCLUSION: It is currently known that IOP lowering contributes to @entity726 stabilization. However, this single criterion remains insufficient, as other, particularly ocular, factors have been implicated in @entity726 progression. Identification of these risk factors allows for a better therapeutic approach toward these @entity1 , so as to preserve their vision and quality of life.

title: [Ocular risk factors for progression of XXXX in the Tunisian population].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['POAG', 'primary open angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['visual fields (G2) and 92 eyes']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defect']

entities_list: @entity267 :: ('MESH:D065306', 'Disease') :: ['cornea less']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous optic neuropathy']

answer: @entity725 :: (MESH:C562750,Disease) :: ['primary open angle glaucoma']


abstract: Six 34-kg barrows were fitted with a post-valve T-caecum cannula and assigned to six dietary treatments according to a 6     5 change-over design to study how a mixture of @entity5189 , @entity37924 , and @entity10555 (0 or 8.4  g/kg feed) influences apparent ileal and faecal digestibility coefficients, bacterial @entity1568 (N) flow, microbial metabolite concentrations, and passage rate in @entity1707 fed isoenergetic diets with medium, high, or very high fibre content (neutral-detergent fibre (NDF): 199, 224, and 248  g/kg dry matter, respectively). These @entity2247 and soya-bean meal based diets contained 0, 75, and 150  g/kg @entity2247 fibre (NDF: 577  g/kg) and 0, 8, and 16  g/kg rapeseed oil, respectively. The dietary @entity4918 mixture improved the apparent ileal digestibility of 14 of the 17 @entity1522 analysed (P  <  0.05). Increasing levels of dietary fibre linearly decreased the apparent ileal digestibility of six of the 17 @entity1522 analysed (P  <  0.05). Ileal flows of @entity2348 and @entity1522 as assessed on the basis of purine flow were decreased by the dietary @entity4918 mixture (P  <  0.05) but were not affected by dietary fibre level (P>0.05). As assessed on the basis of @entity6135 flow, @entity2348 flow was increased by both the dietary @entity4918 mixture and increased dietary fibre levels (P  <  0.05). The dietary @entity4918 mixture reduced the concentration of @entity880 and increased that of @entity1543 in ileal digesta (P  <  0.05), while dietary fibre levels had a quadratic effect on concentrations of acetic, propionic, and @entity4877 (P  <  0.05). The mean retention time of Co (solute marker) and Yb (particle marker) in the large intestine decreased in a linear manner by increasing dietary fibre levels (P  <  0.05) but was not affected by the dietary @entity4918 mixture (P>0.05). The results show that a dietary @entity4918 mixture has a positive effect on the apparent ileal digestibility of most @entity1522 irrespective of dietary fibre levels. This could be at least partly related to changes in @entity2348 flow in the ileum. However, different bacterial markers showed opposite effects on @entity2348 flow, which makes it questionable to use a constant bacterial marker / @entity2348 ratio to estimate @entity2348 flow. Increasing levels of dietary fibre had negative effects on the apparent ileal @entity535 digestibilities and shortened the mean retention time of digesta in the large intestine.

title: Effects of a dietary XXXX mixture and of dietary fibre levels on ileal and faecal nutrient apparent digestibility, bacterial @entity1568 flow, microbial metabolite concentrations and rate of passage in the digestive tract of @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity6135 :: ('MESH:D003960', 'Chemical') :: ['diaminopimelic acid']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity4918 :: ('CHEBI:64709', 'Chemical') :: ['organic acid']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial N']

entities_list: @entity4877 :: ('MESH:D020148', 'Chemical') :: ['butyric acid']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity4918 :: (CHEBI:64709,Chemical) :: ['organic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4924 is the downward displacement and adherence of @entity9009 and posterior tricuspid leaflets into the right ventricle, thereby dividing the ventricle into a so-called atrialized chamber and a functionally reduced right ventricle. We evaluated the early and mid-term results of primary repair of @entity4924 in adult @entity1 . METHODS: Eight consecutive @entity1 undergoing repair of @entity4924 with Danielson technique at Imam Khomeini Medical Center, Tehran, Iran from January 1997 through July 2004 were evaluated. Functional and echocardiographic parameters were studied both preoperatively and postoperatively, as well as demographic status and adverse events. RESULTS: Hospital mortality occurred in one @entity1 because of @entity67 . The average follow-up period was 5.3 +/- 3.4 years (median: 3.8 years). The actuarial survival rate was 85.7 +/- 4.8% at 7 years. During the follow-up, six @entity1 were in New York Heart Association functional class I, and one @entity1 was in class II. None of the @entity1 required reoperation related to their Ebstein repair. One @entity1 demonstrated @entity616 perioperatively; however, only one @entity1 required permanent pacemaker insertion later. One @entity1 had minimal (1+) regurgitation, with the jet localized along the anterior part of the ventricular septum. Two @entity1 had residual @entity997 (2+) on echocardiography. CONCLUSION: Ebstein repair has a good functional and hemodynamic outcome in adult @entity1 .

title: Repair of XXXX : early and mid-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9009 :: ('MESH:D018658', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic septal']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid valve insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity4924 :: ('MESH:D004437', 'Disease') :: ['Ebstein anomaly']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular failure']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular dissociation']

answer: @entity4924 :: (MESH:D004437,Disease) :: ['Ebstein anomaly']


abstract: The International Multicenter Pooled Analysis of @entity694 Trials (IMPACT) investigators have now completed two large systematic reviews of adjuvant therapy trials in @entity694 . The IMPACT 1 study pooled data from three separate trials each comparing the efficacy of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 )/ @entity4181 with observation alone as adjuvant treatment for 1,526 @entity1 with Dukes' B or C @entity694 . The results showed that treatment with @entity1487 / @entity4181 significantly reduced mortality by 22% (P = .029) and events such as relapse, second @entity5 , or @entity204 by 35% (P < .0001) after 3 years of follow-up. The side effects associated with @entity1487 / @entity4181 were clinically acceptable. The IMPACT 1 study also showed a clear benefit of adjuvant treatment for @entity1 with @entity694 , but not for stage-B @entity1 . After up to 10 years of follow-up, @entity1487 / @entity4181 significantly reduced mortality by 30% for @entity1 with @entity2195 (P = .003), but only reduced mortality by 8% in @entity1 with Dukes' B @entity694 (P = .658). The aim of the IMPACT 2 study was to determine whether @entity1487 / @entity4181 is an effective adjuvant treatment for @entity1 with Dukes' B2 @entity694 . Results were pooled from five separate trials that randomized 1,016 @entity1 . After a median of 5.75 years of follow-up, B2 @entity1 receiving @entity1487 / @entity4181 did not have a significant increase in overall survival or event-free survival. At 5 years, the hazard ratio for overall survival was 0.86 (90% confidence interval, 0.68 to 1.07) and for event-free survival was 0.83 (90% confidence interval, 0.72 to 1.07). @entity1487 / @entity4181 was not recommended as a standard adjuvant treatment for all @entity1 with Dukes' B2 @entity694 .

title: Efficacy of adjuvant XXXX and @entity4181 in stage B2 and C @entity694 . International Multicenter Pooled Analysis of @entity694 Trials Investigators.

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2195 :: ('OMIM:211750', 'Disease') :: ["Dukes' C disease"]

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colon Cancer', "Dukes' C colon cancer", 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Fluorouracil', '5-FU', '5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['fluorouracil']


abstract: The aim of this study is to summarize the evidence on the dose-response relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mortality in @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ).We performed a systemic literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for relevant studies that were published until June 2015. A random effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled relative risks (RRs) of all-cause mortality in @entity1030 @entity1 with normal weight compared with those who were underweight, overweight, or @entity28 . In addition, a dose-response meta-analysis was conducted to explore the dose-response relationship between BMI and all-cause mortality in @entity1030 @entity1 .A total of 17 observational studies involving 30,182 @entity1030 @entity1 among 285,960 @entity1 were included. Compared with the reference category, the RRs of underweight, overweight, and @entity28 individuals were 1.40 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.20-1.63), 0.80 (95% CI, 0.67-0.96), and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.62-0.95), respectively. A significant nonlinear relationship between BMI and mortality of @entity1030 @entity1 was found by using a random effects model. @entity1030 @entity1 with BMI of <21.75kg/m had a higher risk of @entity204 . Moreover, an increase in the BMI resulted in a decrease in the risk of @entity204 . The risk of @entity204 was lowest when BMI was 30kg/m (RR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.53-0.89). The BMI was not associated with all-cause mortality when BMI was >32kg/m.Our findings indicate that overweight is associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality among @entity1 with @entity1030 whereas underweight is associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality in these @entity1 . However, there is limited evidence to support the association between @entity28 and the risk of all-cause mortality in @entity1 with @entity1030 .

title: Body mass index and mortality in XXXX : A dose-response meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence of high jugular bulb (HJB) in the @entity1 with @entity102 media and to explore the management of its active @entity548 during middle ear surgery. METHOD: From January 2005 to August 2006, consecutive 287 @entity1 undergoing surgical intervention for @entity102 media were retrospectively studied. The high resolution CT (HRCT) scan and the surgical technique for diagnosis and management of @entity548 of jugular bulb were also discussed. RESULT: Sixty-five @entity1 (22.6%) were diagnosed as HJB by HRCT scan, including 21 @entity1 and 44 @entity1 (P<0.01), with their ages ranged from 7 to 68 years (mean 41 years). Fourteen cases of them were on the left side, and 31 were on the right side (P<0.05). Twenty cases showed bilateral HJB. Five cases were found dehiscent high jugular bulb by CT scan and were confirmed in operation. Active @entity548 was encountered in one case while elevating the pathological eardrum in hypotympanum. It was treated by pressure compression using collagen gelfoam cushion covered by muscle to protect the dehiscent bulb. The @entity1 proceed through the planned surgery without complications. CONCLUSION: HJB might cause @entity548 during middle ear surgery, but preliminary attention, correct treatment and awareness of the pitfalls may lessen the operation risk.

title: [The management of high jugular bulb and its active XXXX during middle ear surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic otitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity130 ( @entity130 ) is associated with @entity73 and impulsivity. Low @entity750 ( @entity750 ) function is associated with @entity130 , @entity73 and impulsivity. We investigated the effects of experimentally lowered @entity750 activity, via acute @entity2340 depletion (ATD), on impulsive action, reflection impulsivity and mood in female adolescents engaging in @entity130 . METHODS: Thirty-two female adolescents engaging in @entity130 participated in a parallel group ATD study. Following ATD, impulsive action was assessed using the Continuous Performance Test, Identical Pairs Version. Reflection impulsivity was assessed using the Matching Familiar Figures Test. Mood-lowering was examined using the Profile of Mood States. RESULTS: Following ATD, the @entity1 showed an impulsive response style (as reflected in their low b) and increased attentional capacity (as reflected in their elevated d'). ATD did not affect reflection impulsivity or mood. CONCLUSIONS: Acute @entity2340 depletion caused an impulsive response style and increased attentional capacity. Importantly, the findings suggest that low @entity750 function is a vulnerability among female adolescents for engaging in @entity130 when in emotional distress.

title: The effects of acute XXXX depletion on impulsivity and mood in adolescents engaging in non-suicidal self-injury.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired emotion regulation']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', 'serotonin']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['NSSI', 'Non-suicidal self-injury']

answer: @entity2340 :: (CHEBI:27897,Chemical) :: ['tryptophan']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study and compare the therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture and probiotics combine Deanxit in treating @entity294 predominant @entity1744 (D- @entity5377 ). METHODS: Totally 64 D- @entity5377 @entity1 accompanied with @entity308 were randomly assigned to the Western medicine group (Group A) and the electroacupuncture (EA) group (Group B), 30 @entity1 in Group A and 34 @entity1 in Group B. @entity1 in Group A took @entity10948 and Deanxit, while those in Group B received EA. Four weeks consisted of one therapeutic course. Three-month follow-up was carried out. The scoring for the digestive tract symptoms, HAMA score, and HAMD score were evaluated before and after treatment. The recurrence in the 3-month follow-up was also observed. RESULTS: The total effect rate was 86.67% in Group A and 88.24% in Group B with no statistical difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was statistical difference in the scoring for the digestive tract symptoms, HAMA score, and HAMD score (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in the improvement of defecation frequency score, HAMA score, HAMD score between the two groups after treatment (P > 0.05). Better effects on improving @entity490 score and abdominal distention score was obtained in Group B (P < 0.01), while better effects on improving the stool form score and mucus score were obtained in Group A (P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in the recurrence rate between the two groups within the two-month follow-up (P > 0.05). The recurrence rate within the 3-month follow-up was obviously lower in Group B than in Group A (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: EA and Western medicine (probiotics combined Deanxit) could effectively treat D- @entity5377 @entity1 accompanied with @entity308 . Both of them had different superiorities in improving symptoms. But EA had better long-term therapeutic effects.

title: [Comparison of the therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture and probiotics combined with deanxit in treating @entity294 -predominant XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety and/or depression']

entities_list: @entity10948 :: ('1402', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus licheniformis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: Eight preterm @entity1 with mean gestational age of 31.6 +/- 1.16 weeks and a mean birth weight of 1310 +/- 201.7 g presented at a mean postnatal age of 26 +/- 11.4 days with knee joint swellings and pedal @entity4 . There was no other clinical, haematological or microbiological evidence of @entity2348 . @entity364 yielded growth of Candida spp. from blood in five, from urine in four, from cerebrospinal fluid in one, and from all the three babies in whom the joints were aspirated. Radiographic changes of metaphysitis of the involved joints were noted in all. All @entity1 had received prior antibiotic therapy. No @entity1 had received total parenteral nutrition or had central lines inserted. All @entity1 were treated with @entity2380 in doses of 7.5 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks. Six of eight were thriving well at 3 months of age without any evidence of @entity2720 . One @entity1 succumbed to disseminated disease and one was lost to follow-up. Candidial @entity625 is an uncommon presentation of @entity7553 . @entity2380 therapy proved effective.

title: Nursery outbreak of neonatal XXXX treated with @entity2380 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infant', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluconazole', 'fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial sepsis']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Fungal cultures']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['residual joint disease']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['fungal arthritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION. @entity66 are a group of @entity66 in whom mieline is attacked. The optic nerve (ON) is one of the most commonly affected. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. An observational prospective case-control study with ON orbital echography was developed. The case group was formed by 31 demielinating @entity66 @entity1 and the control group was formed by 24 healthy @entity1 . Mean age of cases: 48.3    11.8 years old, controls 48.7    9.9 years old. 46% of controls and 35% of cases were males. RESULTS. We found statistical significance differences between cases and controls regarding the diameter of right (controls 3.64    0.58 mm vs @entity1 2.84    0.56 mm; p < 0.001) and left ON (controls 3.95    0.84 mm vs @entity1 2.74    0.54 mm; p < 0.001). We found no differences between maximum systolic and median velocities regarding ophthalmic arteries in both groups, neither for previous acute optical @entity5013 history or visual evocated potentials. CONCLUSIONS. ON evaluation with transorbital echography is an easy, feasible, non invasive, useful and costless technique for the evaluation of the ON @entity194 . As for visual evocated potentials are abnormal in a huge number of @entity1 without previous optical @entity5013 evidence, the diameter of ON measured by transorbital Doppler could be a consistent paraclinic marker of these @entity66 .

title: [Transorbital echography for assessment of optical nerve XXXX in demyelinating diseases: a pilot study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['heterogenic diseases', 'Demielinating diseases', 'diseases']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['atrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity2600 plus @entity900 (IP regimen) compared with @entity136 plus @entity900 (GP regimen) as a first-line treatment for advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: A total of 63 @entity1 were randomly assigned to two regimens. IP Group (31 @entity1 ): @entity2600 100 mg/m(2), iv, @entity17079 ; @entity900 25 mg/m(2), iv, d1 to d3, and 3 weeks a cycle. GP Group (32 @entity1 ): @entity136 1000 mg/m(2), @entity17079 ; @entity900 25 mg/m(2), iv, d1 to d3, and 3 weeks a cycle. All the @entity1 at least received two cycles of therapy. The response rate (RR), disease control rate (DCR), median time @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), l-year survival rate, and side effects were observed. RESULTS: Among the 31 cases of IP group, 8 @entity1 had PR, 17 @entity1 had @entity168 and 6 @entity1 had @entity1726 . The RR and DCR were 25.8% (8/31) and 80.6% (25/31), respectively. The @entity5 was 6.7 months, @entity1349 was 11.2 months and the 1-year survival rate was 45.2% (14/31). Among 32 cases in the GP group, 11 @entity1 had PR, 18 @entity1 had @entity168 and 3 @entity1 had @entity1726 . The RR and DCR were 34.4% (11/32) and 90.6% (29/32), respectively. The @entity5 was 6.5 months, @entity1349 was 11.0 months and the 1-year survival rate was 43.7% (14/32). The main side effects of the two groups included hematologic @entity137 , digestive tract reaction and hair loss. The incidence of @entity294 in the IP group was significantly higher than that in the GP group (P < 0.05), but the incidence of @entity882 in the GP group was significantly higher than that in the IP group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that the two regimens have similar efficacy as a first-line treatment for advanced @entity1149 . The major @entity137 of the two regimens are well tolerable.

title: [A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial of @entity2600 plus @entity900 versus @entity136 plus XXXX as a first-line treatment for advanced @entity1149 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'to tumor progression']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['median survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Traditionally, skin and skin structure @entity281 (SSSIs) have been viewed as having a lower risk of mortality, morbidity, and cost compared with other types of @entity281 . The influence of secondary @entity2259 on the medicoeconomic outcomes of @entity1 with SSSIs has not been well described. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of @entity2259 complicating SSSIs on length of hospital stay and costs. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study involving 579 @entity1 with culture-positive SSSIs who were admitted to Barnes-Jewish Hospital, a major academic medical center, between April 1, 2005, and December 31, 2007. The outcomes evaluated in this analysis included hospital mortality, length of stay, hospital costs, and hospital readmission. RESULTS: Secondary @entity2259 was present in 277 (47.8%) @entity1 . Hospital mortality was statistically greater among @entity1 with @entity2259 (7.9% vs 1.0%; P < 0.001). The unadjusted median length of stay in bacteremic @entity1 was 7.1 days compared with 2.8 days in those without @entity2259 (P < 0.001 by log-rank test). This finding correlated with total hospital costs, which were greater in @entity1 with @entity2259 (median values:  14,623 vs  5841.50; P < 0.001). In a Cox model controlling for multiple confounders, @entity2259 independently correlated with hospital duration (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.820; 95% CI, 1.654-2.003; P < 0.001) and hospital costs (adjusted HR, 1.895; 95% CI, 1.723-2.083; P < 0.001). Hospital readmission within 30 days of discharge was also significantly more common among @entity1 with SSSIs complicated by @entity2259 (24.5% vs 12.9%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2259 complicating SSSIs occurred in almost 50% of @entity1 infected with gram-positive bacteria in our institution. Beyond its impact on mortality, @entity2259 is associated with increased length of stay, hospital costs, and readmission. However, these data are from a single academic medical center and may not be adjusted for all applicable confounders.

title: Institutional perspective on the impact of positive blood cultures on the economic and clinical outcomes of @entity1 with complicated skin and skin structure XXXX : focus on gram-positive @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia', 'Bacteremia']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: @entity6727 is a new orally active @entity5898 . Its MICs and beta-lactamase stability are similar to those of the parenteral third generation cephalosporins. This trial was conducted to determine the effectiveness and safety of @entity2756 as compared with a treatment where oral @entity6727 was given after a 4-day treatment with @entity2756 in severe upper @entity293 usually requiring parenteral treatment during two weeks. In an open, controlled trial, 95 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria; 48 received IV @entity2756 2 g daily during 4 days, followed by IM or IV @entity2756 1 g daily for 11 days; 47 @entity1 were treated by IV @entity2756 2 g.o.d. during 4 days and then by oral @entity6727 200 mg b.i.d. for 11 days. Clinical cure at the end of treatment was achieved in 44 @entity1 in the @entity6727 group and 47 @entity1 of the @entity2756 group. Ten to 84 days after the end of treatment, the overall clinical cure and bacteriologic eradication rates for these @entity1 were 74.3 per cent (29/39) for @entity6727 and 81 per cent (34/42) for @entity2756 . Treatment failure occurred in two @entity1 in the @entity6727 arm, one in a @entity1 with @entity8 and @entity455 and the other in an 86-year old @entity6 and bed-ridden @entity1 with an @entity281 following the use of a urinary catheter. There were eight relapses or @entity281 (about 20 per cent) in each group. Seven minor adverse events were seen in six @entity1 treated with @entity2756 : pain upon IM injection (3 cases), @entity294 (2 cases) associated in one case with a generalized rash for which treatment was discontinued, and @entity390 (one case). Laboratory changes in both groups were not noteworthy and without clinical relevance. These results suggest that it seems possible to propose new parenteral cephalosporins with conversion to the oral route on the 5th day using the same class of drugs in the treatment of severe upper @entity293 , excluding certain urological or vascular underlying conditions and provided that duration of treatment is adapted to the type of clinical setting. These data define more accurately the use of @entity6727 with respect to currently available drugs.

title: [Comparative study of intravenous @entity2756 followed by oral XXXX versus @entity2756 alone in the treatment of severe upper @entity293 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular stenosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['re-infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity6727 :: ('MESH:D020682', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefixime', 'cefixime']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity6727 :: (MESH:D020682,Chemical) :: ['cefixime']


abstract: Previous studies showed that the Natural Killer (NK) activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from @entity2686 ( @entity2686 ) @entity1 is lower than that of controls. This decreased activity seems to be independent of the cluster period. beta-interferon has been shown to be more effective in increasing NK activity when incubated with PBL from @entity2686 @entity1 , than with PBL from control donors. Lymphokine-Activated Killer (LAK) cells can be generated by incubation of @entity1 PBL in recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ). This phenomenon was studied in 10 @entity2686 @entity1 and 8 healthy volunteers. PBL were activated to LAK cells by "in vitro" incubation for 72 hours in Control Medium containing @entity5041 (1000 I.U./ml). A four hour @entity3407 51 release was used to measure LAK Cell Killing of K562 target cells. The released radioactivity was measured in a gamma scintillation counter. The @entity2686 @entity1 showed a marked increase of LAK generation compared to control subjects. This effect seems to be augmented during the cluster period.

title: Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell phenomenon in XXXX . "In vitro" activation by recombinant @entity1199 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['Chromium']

entities_list: @entity2686 :: ('MESH:D003027', 'Disease') :: ['cluster headache', 'CH']

answer: @entity2686 :: (MESH:D003027,Disease) :: ['cluster headache']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent @entity4436 has been reported in up to 30% to 40% of @entity1 who recover from an episode of @entity694 , so elective interval resection is traditionally recommended. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to review the outcomes of @entity1 who underwent percutaneous drainage of @entity694 without subsequent operative intervention. DESIGN: This was an observational study. SETTINGS: This investigation was conducted at a tertiary care academic medical center and a single-hospital health system. @entity1 : @entity1 treated for symptomatic @entity694 from 2002 through 2007 were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcomes measured were complications, recurrence, and colectomy-free survival. RESULTS: Two hundred eighteen @entity1 underwent percutaneous drainage of colonic diverticular abscesses. Thirty-two @entity1 (15%) did not undergo subsequent colonic resection. Abscess location was pelvic (n = 9) and paracolic (n = 23), the mean abscess size was 4.2 cm, and the median duration of percutaneous drainage was 20 days. The comorbidities of this group of @entity1 included severe @entity299 (n = 16), @entity465 (n = 7), and severe @entity358 (n = 6). Freedom from recurrence at 7.4 years was 0.58 (95% CI 0.42-0.73). All recurrences were managed nonoperatively. Recurrence was significantly associated with an abscess size larger than 5 cm. Colectomy-free survival at 7.4 years was 0.17 (95% CI 0.13-0.21). LIMITATIONS: This study was limited by its retrospective, nonexperimental design and short follow-up. CONCLUSION: In selected @entity1 , observation after percutaneous drainage of @entity694 appears to be a safe and low-risk management option.

title: Percutaneous drainage of XXXX : is colon resection necessary?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic diverticular abscess']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic diverticular abscess']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Treatment of @entity1271 is the most common reason for use of antimicrobial agents in dairy @entity291 . The responsible use of antimicrobials could be strengthened by knowledge of predictors for cure, which would help to tailor treatment decisions. Ideally, to allow for widespread uptake, this would be achieved using data that are routinely available. To assess whether this is feasible in practice, farmers were invited to submit milk samples from @entity1271 cases to their veterinary practice for bacteriological culture. Among 624 culture-positive samples, 251 were positive for @entity8211 . Using @entity291 -level data, cases were classified as severe, first nonsevere, repeat, or subclinical. Additional data were collected at the @entity291 level [somatic cell count (SCC), parity, lactation stage, milk yield, fat and protein contents, treatment] and at the herd level (housing, bedding, premilking teat disinfection, postmilking teat disinfection). Severe cases were overrepresented among heifers and animals in early lactation, and repeat cases were overrepresented in @entity291 with 3 or more lactations. The probability of cure was higher among first- and second-parity animals than among older @entity291 , and was higher in animals with a single elevated @entity291 -level SCC than in animals with multiple high SCC records. Results obtained in the current study are similar to those previously described for @entity794 @entity1271 . Thus, routinely available @entity291 -level information can help to predict the outcome of antimicrobial treatment of the most common causes of gram-positive @entity1271 .

title: Use of on-farm data to guide treatment and control of XXXX caused by @entity8211 .

entities_list: @entity8211 :: ('1349', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus uberis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

answer: @entity1271 :: (MESH:D008413,Disease) :: ['mastitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity1689 , surgery is indicated for the management of intractable @entity158 or for the treatment of complications. METHODS: Sixty-three consecutive @entity1 (49 @entity1 and 14 @entity1 of median age 40 (range 20-72) years) who had undergone surgery over an 8-year interval for @entity1689 were studied. The mortality and morbidity rates associated with surgery were assessed and quality of life was reviewed based on relief of symptoms, analgesic use, employment and long-term sequelae. RESULTS: Forty-four @entity1 (70 per cent) had @entity8883 . In 60 @entity1 the principal indication for surgery was intractable @entity158 . Eighteen @entity1 had a duodenum-preserving resection of the pancreatic head (Beger operation); the other surgical procedures were Whipple resection (15), left-sided resection (13), total pancreatectomy (seven), pseudocystjejunostomy (five), pancreaticojejunostomy (one) and bypass procedures (four). The median inpatient stay was 12 days; 23 @entity1 had @entity260 including one @entity204 (2 per cent). There was improved @entity158 control (P < 0.001), a reduction in opiate analgesia use, increase in percentage @entity1017 (P < 0.01 at 2 years) and return to employment following surgery. Although there was an @entity6 and need for enzyme supplementation these were easily controlled. CONCLUSION: Surgery is an effective treatment in carefully selected @entity1 with @entity1689 but must be tailored to the pattern of disease in each individual.

title: Outcome of surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['increase in diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity8883 :: ('MESH:D019512', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity1689 :: (MESH:D050500,Disease) :: ['chronic pancreatitis']


abstract: A @entity1 , 7 years of age, was reported who had been suffered from @entity4841 , @entity158 and @entity1910 . She had increased inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and mild @entity417 for more than 6 months. In the beginning, she was suspected of having either @entity4932 or @entity6275 . However, after about 6 months, there were abrupt increases of LDH in serum titers and blast cells were also revealed by bone marrow examination. Upon these findings, she was diagnosed with @entity981 . Since @entity158 and @entity4841 @entity158 and @entity4841 are both indicative of numerous inflammatory disorders such as @entity4685 , @entity4932 , @entity1778 and @entity5 , and auto-inflammatory @entity79 , especially @entity6275 , it is difficult to accurately diagnose right away. For now, these aforementioned inflammatory responses are the sole key findings for clinical investigations. Other than that, there are not enough reports yet to help diagnose incases similar to this. Therefore, it is difficult to differentiate between the disorders above even after blood tests, Ga-scincigraphy, and imaging examinations. Moreover, in the case of @entity1778 , it was difficult to differentiate these diseases by routine X-ray surveys in the general pediatric fields. The reasons are because there are only a few descriptions on X-ray bone examinations on findings of X-ray bone investigations, and both are usually non-specific. However, according to the pediatric radiology specialists, of which there are only a few in Japan, the imaging results show somewhat abnormal findings could be spotted from the early stage. Through this present case, it is suggested to us that it is important to consult the pediatric radiology specialists in order to speed up the diagnostic process. Furthermore, the accumulation of radiological findings of @entity1778 in @entity1 with @entity158 and @entity4841 will attribute to an early diagnosis and lead to the resolution of pathogenesis of @entity1778 .

title: [A case of acute lymphotic leukemia which was difficult to make a diagnosis of XXXX for moving @entity4841 and periarticular swelling].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl']

entities_list: @entity6275 :: ('MESH:C535456', 'Disease') :: ['chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['erythematous rash']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile chronic arthritis', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone diseases']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia', 'childhood leukemia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia', 'migratory arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity4685 :: ('MESH:D009187', 'Disease') :: ['infectious myelitis']

answer: @entity6275 :: (MESH:C535456,Disease) :: ['CRMO']


abstract: Thirty-nine @entity1 (mean age: 33 years) with @entity12040 were observed over the past 8 years. Among these @entity1 , 33 had surgical intervention with a mean follow-up of 4 years. Lesions of the aortic arch were the most common (29 @entity1 , 69 lesions) and frequently were associated with lesions in another site as well. However, in this group of @entity1 , the infrequent presence of signs of @entity5327 limited the number of suitable surgical candidates to 14 @entity1 . Lesions of the renal arteries were noted in 25 @entity1 (37 lesions) and were associated with @entity1498 of the thoracoabdominal aorta in 12 @entity1 . In contrast to lesions of the aortic arch, the presence of severe @entity101 was a frequent indication for surgery in @entity12040 . Twenty-one @entity1 had operation. Twenty of 21 @entity1 were considered cured or improved of @entity101 . The one @entity1 who received no benefit was the only operative death of the study. In conclusion, although @entity12040 is progressive and the life expectancy is foreshortened, @entity101 secondary to aortic and renal @entity455 is a frequent and important indication for aggressive operative treatment.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['artery lesions']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ["Takayasu's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vascular insufficiency']

answer: @entity12040 :: (MESH:D013625,Disease) :: ['Takayasu's disease']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to assess the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments in outpatients with @entity65 and their interest in future use. The increasing popularity of CAM therapies highlights the need to explore their use among @entity1 with @entity65 . Data were collected with a prospective, point-of-care, anonymous, 17-question survey about basic medical information and previous use and interest in the future use of dietary supplements and other CAM interventions among @entity1 undergoing outpatient cardiology evaluation at a Midwestern tertiary care center. The survey was completed by 1,055 @entity1 (655 @entity1 , 351 @entity1 ; mean age 63.5 years) of whom 98.1% were white. Of these, 36.8% had cardiac symptoms for >10 years, 48.2% had @entity453 , and 82.5% reported use of CAM therapies. Of these @entity1 , 75.4% reported using dietary supplements, 31.5% chiropractic therapy, 23.9% mind-body therapies, and 19.2% massage. Only 14.4% had discussed the use of CAM treatments with their physicians. The top 4 treatments used for cardiac symptoms were relaxation techniques, stress management, meditation, and guided imagery. Also, 48.6% were interested in participating in a future clinical trial of an alternative treatment. The great majority of @entity1 seen in current practice use CAM therapies, and a large proportion expressed an interest in participating in research with CAM therapies. In conclusion, research directed with an integrative approach to cardiovascular care might prove beneficial when designing future studies.

title: Use of complementary therapies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: AIM: In this study, we investigate the impact of altered action potential durations (APD) on ventricular repolarization time and proarrhythmia in @entity19 with and without genetic deletion of the @entity3529 -channel-interacting protein 2 ( @entity32759 (-/-) and @entity7097 respectively). Moreover, we examine the interrelationship between the dispersion of repolarization time and current pulse amplitude in provoking @entity943 . METHODS: Intracardiac pacing in anesthetized @entity19 determined refractory periods and proarrhythmia susceptibility. Regional @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ), APD and repolarization time (= @entity3457  +  APD) were measured in isolated hearts using floating microelectrodes. RESULTS: Proarrhythmia in @entity7097 and @entity32759 (-/-) was not sensitive to changes in refractory periods. Action potentials were longer in @entity32759 (-/-) hearts compared to @entity7097 hearts. Isolated @entity7097 hearts had large apico-basal dispersion of repolarization time, whereas hearts from @entity32759 (-/-) @entity19 had large left-to-right ventricular dispersion of repolarization time. Pacing from the right ventricle in @entity32759 (-/-) @entity19 in  vivo revealed significant lower current pulse amplitudes needed to induce @entity943 in these @entity19 . CONCLUSION: Large heterogeneity of repolarization time is proarrhythmic when pacing is delivered from the location of earlier repolarization time. Ventricular repolarization time, location of the pacing stimulus and the  amplitude of the stimulating current pulse are critical parameters underlying @entity943 vulnerability.

title: Ventricular repolarization time, location of pacing stimulus and current pulse amplitude conspire to determine arrhythmogenicity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia', 'arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['activation time', 'AT']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 adenovirus (HAdV) can cause a wide spectrum of @entity1 diseases worldwide. METHODS: Using PCR and sequence analysis, we investigated @entity41881 prevalence in the Thai population for four years from January 2009 to December 2012. We collected Nasopharyngeal swab/aspirate (NP) specimens from @entity1 in Bangkok, Khon Kaen, and Nakhon Si Thammarat province and fecal specimens only from Bangkok and Khon Kaen province. RESULTS: We observed @entity41881 in 1.04% (82/7,921) of NP samples and in 5.84% (76/1,301) of fecal specimens. HAdV-B3 (32%) and HAdV-C1 (31%) were the genotypes most commonly associated with NP specimens followed by @entity41881 (13%) and @entity41881 (12%). In fecal specimens, we found that 25% harbored HAdV-F41 followed by HAdV-C1 (18%), @entity41881 (16%), and HAdV-B3 (13%). Out of all population subsets, @entity1 below the age of 3  years were the most likely to be HAdV positive (63.29%). In addition, @entity41881 occurred throughout the year without a seasonal distribution pattern, although @entity41881 of NP samples peaked from January-April while @entity41881 peaked from January to March and then again from May to July in fecal samples. CONCLUSIONS: This study has for the first time reported the @entity41881 rate in Thai NP and fecal specimens from 2009-2012. We observed that HAdV-B3 and HAdV-C1 were commonly found in NP specimens, and that HAdV-F41 was the most prevalence in fecal specimens in Thailand during the study period.

title: Molecular characterization of XXXX adenovirus infection in Thailand, 2009-2012.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity41881 :: ('MESH:D000258', 'Disease') :: ['HAdV-C5', 'HAdV-C2', 'HAdV infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although there are limited clinical data to support the use of exercise training as a means to reduce mortality and morbidity in @entity1 with @entity712 , current guidelines state that exercise is beneficial. TRIAL DESIGN: The objective of this trial is to determine whether exercise training reduces all-cause mortality or all-cause hospitalization for @entity1 with @entity1002 and @entity712 . After undergoing baseline assessments to determine whether they can safely exercise, @entity1 are randomized to either usual care or exercise training. @entity1 in the exercise training arm attend 36 supervised facility-based exercise training sessions. Exercise modalities are cycling or walking. After completing 18 sessions, @entity1 initiate home-based exercise and then transition to solely home-based exercise after completing all 36 sessions. @entity1 return for facility-based training every 3 months to reinforce their exercise training program. @entity1 are followed for up to 4 years. Physiologic, quality-of-life, and economic end points that characterize the effect of exercise training in this @entity1 population will be measured at baseline and at intervals throughout the trial. Blood samples will be collected to examine biomarkers such as brain natriuretic peptide, @entity5 @entity39 factor, and C-reactive protein. CONCLUSIONS: Because of its relatively low cost, high availability, and ease of use, exercise training is an intervention that could be accessible to most @entity1 with @entity712 . The HF-ACTION trial is designed to definitively assess the effect of exercise training on the clinically relevant end points of mortality, hospitalization, and quality of life in @entity1 with @entity712 .

title: XXXX and a controlled trial investigating outcomes of exercise training (HF-ACTION): design and rationale.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure symptoms', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart failure']


abstract: Trastuzumab has shown activity in early @entity0 @entity1 that overexpress @entity1722 . Significant resources have to be allocated to finance this therapy, underlining the need for cost-effectiveness analysis. A model was set up, societal costs were calculated and the discount rate was 3%. Life expectancy data were based on the literature and prolonged according to qualified guess (10% and 20% absolute improvement in @entity1349 ( @entity1349 )). The comparator was the FEC(100) regimen. The median additional health care cost per @entity1 treated was 33,597 @entity7634 . The yielding cost per @entity1017 ( @entity1017 ) was 15,341 @entity7634 with a 20% improved @entity1349 and 35,947 @entity7634 with 10% improved @entity1349 . The corresponding net health care cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) was 19,176 @entity7634 and 44,934 @entity7634 . Including all resource use the figures were 8148 @entity7634 and 30,290 @entity7634 per @entity1017 . Sensitivity analyses documented survival gain, price of trastuzumab, production gain and discount rate to be the major factors influencing cost-effectiveness ratio. Trastuzumab is indicated cost effective in Norway.

title: Trastuzumab in adjuvant XXXX therapy. A model based cost-effectiveness analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['LYG', 'life year gained']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5478 is a fastidious slow-growing anaerobic gram-positive bacillus best known for causing acne. However, it only occasionally has been isolated from invasive @entity281 . In that setting, slow growth and low virulence may lead to indolent presentations and diagnostic delays as illustrated by the following case. CASE: A 79-year-old @entity1 with diet-controlled @entity6 underwent open reduction and internal fixation of a @entity174 following a @entity1957 . Three months later he had continued @entity158 and immobility of the left arm, and roentgenograms showed nonunion of the humerus. One year later he presented with persistent @entity158 and immobility. Physical examination revealed normal temperature, @entity121 , healed surgical scar, and no warmth or other signs of @entity32 . Left humerus x- @entity16039 showed nonunion of the mid-shaft, osteolysis adjacent to the distal intramedullary rod, and loosening of a distal metallic screw. At surgical exploration purulence was found in bone and soft tissue, all old hardware was removed, and an antibiotic coated intramedullary nail was placed. Gram stain showed a few white blood cells but no organisms. Empiric therapy with intravenous @entity2176 and oral @entity1215 was started, and on the fifth post-operative day all three intraoperative cultures grew @entity5478 as the sole organism. Arrangements were made to continue @entity2176 and @entity1215 as an outpatient. DISCUSSION: Proprionibacterium acnes is an uncommon cause of @entity4034 and @entity281 . However, it has been associated with prosthetic @entity281 of the shoulder more commonly than with hip or knee @entity281 . Multiple cultures taken at the time of surgery yielded only @entity5478 strongly supporting its pathogenic role in our @entity1 . Culture identification took five days indicating that prolonged incubation may be needed. Thus, our @entity1 had an indolent and slowly progressive @entity5478 prosthetic shoulder infection that led to a delay in diagnosis and clinical progression of his infection.

title: OSTEOMYELITIS OF THE HUMERUS CAUSED BY XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['left humerus fracture']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity5478 :: ('1747', 'Species') :: ['P. acnes', 'Propionibacterium acnes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'prosthetic joint infection']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['motor vehicle collision']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic left deltoid muscle']

answer: @entity5478 :: (1747,Species) :: ['PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity71 ( @entity71 ) have been found to achieve lower grades at school than their peers. Does this extend to pupils who are apparently exceptionally inattentive, hyperactive or impulsive, but have not been diagnosed as having @entity71 ? AIMS: This study determined the proportion of @entity1 who were assessed by their teachers as exceptionally inattentive, hyperactive or impulsive in the classroom. The relationships between these traits, achievement and progress were examined. SAMPLE: The @entity1 comprised 4148 @entity1 from a nationally representative sample of schools in England. METHODS: Reading and mathematics achievement of the @entity1 was assessed at the start and end of the reception year, and in year 2. Behaviour was assessed at the end of reception using a rating scale based on the diagnostic criteria for @entity71 (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). RESULTS: The proportion of @entity1 with exceptional scores on the behaviour rating scale was reported. The reading and mathematics attainment and value-added of @entity1 with high scores on the behaviour rating scale were found to be educationally and statistically significantly lower than @entity1 with zero scores. CONCLUSIONS: The achievement of @entity1 with high scores on the behaviour rating scale replicated previous studies which investigated the achievement of @entity1 with @entity71 . The behaviour rating scale could be a useful tool for raising the awareness of teachers to young @entity1 with severe behavioural problems of inattention, @entity2915 and impulsivity who have not been diagnosed as having @entity71 but may nevertheless be at risk of similar outcomes.

title: Inattention, XXXX and impulsiveness: their impact on academic achievement and progress.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

answer: @entity2915 :: (MESH:D006948,Disease) :: ['hyperactivity']


abstract: Laboratory-selected @entity11137 -resistant colonies are important tools for elucidating @entity11137 resistance mechanisms. However, @entity13708 , @entity13708 zea, a target pest of transgenic @entity4336 and @entity2708 expressing @entity11137 Cry1Ac (Bt @entity4336 and @entity2708 ), has proven difficult to select for stable resistance. Two populations of H. zea ( @entity1984 and MR), resistant to the @entity11137 protein found in all commercial Bt @entity2708 varieties (Cry1Ac), were established by selection with Cry1Ac activated toxin ( @entity1984 ) or @entity27810 II (MR). Cry1Ac toxin reflects the form ingested by H. zea when feeding on Bt @entity2708 , whereas @entity27810 II is a Cry1Ac formulation used for resistance selection and monitoring. The resistance ratio (RR) for @entity1984 exceeded 100-fold after 11 generations and has been maintained at this level for nine generations. This is the first report of stable Cry1Ac resistance in H. zea. MR crashed after 11 generations, reaching only an RR of 12. @entity1984 was only partially cross-resistant to @entity27810 II, suggesting that @entity27810 II does not have the same Cry1Ac selection pressure as Cry1Ac toxin against H. zea and that proteases may be involved with resistance. @entity1984 was highly cross-resistant to Cry1Ab toxin but only slightly cross-resistant to Cry1Ab expressing @entity4336 leaf powder. @entity1984 was not cross-resistant to Cry2Aa2, Cry2Ab2-expressing @entity4336 leaf powder, Vip3A, and @entity5179 . Toxin-binding assays showed no significant differences, indicating that resistance was not linked to a reduction in binding. These results aid in understanding why this pest has not evolved @entity11137 resistance, and highlight the need to choose carefully the form of @entity11137 protein used in experiments.

title: Production and characterization of @entity11137 Cry1Ac-resistant XXXX @entity13708 zea (Boddie).

entities_list: @entity5179 :: ('MESH:C017160', 'Chemical') :: ['cypermethrin']

entities_list: @entity11137 :: ('1428', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus thuringiensis', 'B. thuringiensis']

entities_list: @entity13708 :: ('29058', 'Species') :: ['cotton bollworm', 'Helicoverpa']

answer: @entity13708 :: (29058,Species) :: ['cotton bollworm']