abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and the effects of a long-term training program with endurance and strength elements for @entity1 with advanced @entity712 ( @entity712 ). METHODS: We studied 14 @entity1 , mean age 57 yr, mean NYHA class 2.7, mean LVEF 29%, and mean VO2max 17.2 mL x kg(-1) x @entity1009 ). They underwent a 6 months' outpatient "in-hospital" training program (80 sessions). After an introduction period the program was subdivided into four cycles in which endurance and strength were revalued and progressively increased. Endurance was measured by spiro-ergometric exercise testing with concomitant @entity880 determination, while strength was measured on an isokinetic dynamometer. RESULTS: The compliance ratio was 89% and there were no major problems during training. NYHA class improved from a mean of 2.7 to 1.5 (P = 0.0001), working capacity from 83 to 100 W (P = 0.001), VO2 from 16.7 to 18.4 mL x kg(-1) x @entity1009 ) (P = 0.02), and maximal exercise @entity880 from 4.1 to 5.2 mmol x L(-1) (P = 0.01). At isokinetic testing we found a significant 18% increase in muscular endurance of knee flexors (P = 0.008) and 25% increase of knee extensors (P = 0.007). The increase of peak torque, total work, and average power reached statistical significance only for the knee extensors. CONCLUSION: This pilot study showed that progressively adapted global strength training in association with traditional endurance training is feasible for selected @entity1 with @entity712 . Additional larger studies should be done to test the effects, the safety, and the composition of such supervised "in-hospital" training programs.

title: Objective effects of a 6 months' endurance and strength training program in outpatients with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of latex sensitisation varies according to the population studied. There are various risk factors that increase latex sensitisation, such as genetic risk, @entity402 , and multiple surgeries. OBJECTIVE: To characterise @entity1 referred to an Immunology Unit with suspected @entity2144 , and to analyse their clinical features and risk factors. @entity1 AND METHOD: A retrospective, descriptive study was conducted on @entity1 suspected of @entity2144 . Their medical records were reviewed in order to assess symptoms with contact or exposure to latex materials. Known risk factors to latex sensitisation, such as pathologies requiring repeated surgery (spina bifida, myelomeningocele, @entity1635 and nephro-urological alterations), @entity402 ( @entity2490 , @entity565 , @entity483 ) were investigated. A prick test and/or specific IgE to latex were also performed. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to find associations between symptoms triggered by exposure to latex with underlying diseases and other risk conditions. RESULTS: A total of 106 @entity1 were enrolled in the study, of whom 50 were evaluable. At diagnosis 96% of @entity1 were older than five years. Most of the risk factors described were observable in these @entity1 , such as multiple surgeries, neurological and @entity600 , surgery before one year-old, and repeated bladder catheterisation. After latex exposure, mucous cutaneous manifestations were the most common (52%), followed by @entity1576 (36%). All @entity1 were sensitised and allergic to latex. CONCLUSION: @entity2144 is a significant problem in @entity1 with risk factors. The results shown in this study raise important challenges for preventive measures and awareness.

title: [ XXXX in a paediatric hospital. Characteristics and risk factors].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2144 :: ('MESH:D020315', 'Disease') :: ['latex allergy', 'Latex allergy']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['nephro-urological malformations']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms']

answer: @entity2144 :: (MESH:D020315,Disease) :: ['Latex allergy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of the Postpartum Adjustment Questionnaire in predicting symptoms of postpartum @entity308 as measured by scores from the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale. DESIGN: Prospective descriptive. SETTING: Mid-sized urban regional medical center. @entity1 : A convenience sample of 200 English-speaking postpartum @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Postpartum Depression Screening Scale scores and demographic data obtained at 6 weeks postpartum were compared with Postpartum Adjustment Questionnaire scores obtained before @entity1 were discharged from the hospital following delivery. RESULTS: Using the total Postpartum Adjustment Questionnaire score, a cut point of 4 or higher was found to have the best positive predictive power in predicting postpartum @entity308 symptoms. However, similar results were seen when 1 question from the Postpartum Adjustment Questionnaire was used rather than the entire survey. Overall, the Postpartum Adjustment Questionnaire had a moderate correlation (.28) with Postpartum Depression Screening Scale scores. CONCLUSION: The Postpartum Adjustment Questionnaire may be a valid predictor of postpartum @entity308 , although it will identify only about 40% of @entity1 who develop this condition. Using a single question to identify @entity1 at risk for postpartum @entity308 offers a cost-effective alternative to the complete questionnaire. Further studies with larger, multiethnic samples are needed before conclusions can be drawn and definitive recommendations for practice made.

title: Exploring the Postpartum Adjustment Questionnaire as a predictor of postpartum XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'women']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: Our objective was to determine the efficacy of adenoviral-mediated gene therapy with wild-type @entity876 or @entity994 in @entity1 @entity0 cells and investigate interactions with radiation and chemotherapy. Two @entity1 @entity0 cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435, both with @entity876 mutations, were transduced with adenoviral vectors containing wild-type @entity876 (Ad5 @entity2834 - @entity876 ) or @entity994 /WAF1/Cip1 (Ad5 @entity2834 - @entity994 ), and the effects on growth were determined. Infection was combined with low-dose (1.4 - 3.7 Gy) irradiation to see if this would improve transduction efficiency and enhance numbers of cells killed. Transduction with either vector resulted in expression of p21WAF1/cip1 and growth inhibition, although Ad5 @entity2834 - @entity876 transduction produced greater growth inhibition than did Ad5 @entity2834 - @entity994 . The cell lines differed in sensitivity to the vectors. The Ad5 @entity2834 - @entity876 vector in a multiplicity of @entity281 (MOI) of 125 resulted in 50% to 80% inhibition of MDA-MB-231, while MOI 250 of the same vector resulted in 27% inhibition of MDA-MB-435. Infection with Ad5 @entity2834 - @entity994 produced modest growth inhibition in both cell lines (< or = 40% at MOI 200), although protein expression was detected at lower viral doses. Low dose gamma-irradiation (1.4 to 3.7 Gy) was used to try and improve the rate of gene transfer. Modest increases in transduction efficiency and duration of expression of a vector containing beta-galactosidase occurred in irradiated @entity0 cells. Radiation 24 hr before transduction with Ad5 @entity2834 - @entity876 increased the proportions of apoptotic MDA-MB-231 cells. The cells transduced with Ad5 @entity2834 - @entity994 were arrested in G1, yet when they were irradiated before adenoviral transduction, the overexpression of @entity994 protected the cells from the cytotoxic effects of the radiation. Clonogenic assays showed that Ad5 @entity2834 - @entity994 reduced the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 to @entity2879 and @entity1311 . Combining these drugs with Ad5 @entity2834 - @entity876 did not consistently or significantly decrease clonogenic survival.

title: Adenoviral-mediated gene therapy with Ad5CMVp53 and Ad5CMVp21 in combination with standard therapies in @entity1 XXXX cell lines.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The mechanisms involved in the control of @entity2085 ( @entity2085 ) cell differentiation are yet to be fully elucidated. However, it has become clear that the family of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are centrally involved. In this study we examined the role of the FGF receptors (FGFRs 1-4) during osteogenesis in @entity19 @entity2085 cells. Single cells were obtained after the formation of embryoid bodies, cultured on gelatin-coated plates, and @entity421 . Upregulation of genes was analyzed at both the transcript and protein levels using gene array, relative-quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR), and Western blotting. Deposition of a mineralized matrix was evaluated with @entity622 staining. An @entity10824 -specific antibody was generated and used to block @entity10824 activity in mES cells during osteogenic differentiation. Upon induction of osteogenic differentiation in mES cells, all four FGFRs were clearly upregulated at both the transcript and protein levels with a number of genes known to be involved in osteogenic differentiation including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), collagen I, and @entity2447 . Cells were also capable of depositing a mineralized matrix, confirming the commitment of these cells to the osteogenic lineage. When @entity10824 activity was blocked, a reduction in cell proliferation and a coincident upregulation of @entity2447 with enhanced mineralization of cultures was observed. These results indicate that FGFRs play critical roles in cell recruitment and differentiation during the process of osteogenesis in mES cells. In particular, the data indicate that @entity10824 plays a pivotal role in osteoblast lineage determination.

title: Osteogenic differentiation of @entity19 XXXX cells is mediated by fibroblast growth factor receptors.

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['ES', 'embryonic stem']

entities_list: @entity622 :: ('MESH:C010078', 'Chemical') :: ['Alizarin Red']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['coaxed to differentiate along the osteogenic lineage']

answer: @entity2085 :: (MESH:D020964,Disease) :: ['embryonic stem']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the rates of retinal reattachment and the closure of myopic macular hole because of @entity1713 after treatment with pars plana vitrectomy and subsequent dissection of the inner limiting membrane. METHODS: Prospective noncomparative study of 27 eyes from 27 phakic @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1713 as a result of myopic macular hole. All underwent pars plana vitrectomy with dissection of the inner limiting membrane and intravitreal silicone oil tamponade performed by the same surgeon. The main variables assessed were visual acuity, retinal reattachment, and macular hole closure determined by optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: Of the 27 eyes, 16 (59.3%) were right eyes and 11 (40.7%) were left eyes. Mean age was 50.5 years. @entity1714 ranged from -9 diopters (D) to -27 diopters (mean, -18 diopters), and axial length ranged from 28.5 mm to 35.6 mm (mean, 32.05 mm). After a mean postoperative period of 12 months, retinal reattachment was found in 85.1% of the @entity1 and anatomical closure of the macular hole in 51.9%. CONCLUSION: This technique offers good rates of retinal reattachment and macular hole closure, although seldom increases the final visual acuity. It showed limited effectiveness in eyes with an axial length >30 mm.

title: Treatment of @entity1713 secondary to macular hole in XXXX : vitrectomy with dissection of the inner limiting membrane to the edge of the staphyloma and long-term tamponade.

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['posterior pole retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['high myopia']


abstract: Diagnostic imaging is a dynamic field that has taken a quantum leap over the past several years with the advent of MRI. Accordingly, it is integral that the sports medicine clinician be well acquainted with the sundry imaging modalities at his or her disposal, and be able to choose the appropriate study or studies that will provide the most useful and accurate information. Conventional radiography should be the first study performed in every athlete with sports-related injury to the spine. If radiography reveals evidence of spondylolysis with or without spondylolisthesis, MRI would be an extremely helpful adjunct for evaluation of the disc spaces, nerve roots, and neural foramina. Osseous fragments in the vicinity of the pars defect are well seen on CT but not MRI. These fragments can migrate and become symptomatic. Therefore, in the work-up of this subset of @entity1 , CT does offer important supplementary data to the MRI. When conventional radiographs of the cervical spine corrected for magnification render the diagnosis of @entity612 , MRI should invariably be the next procedure of choice for evaluation of the spinal cord and to assess the functional reserve of the spinal canal. MRI is also the modality of choice now for evaluation of the athlete with @entity179 and for the identification of @entity179 associated with lumbar @entity8322 . In the athlete with an acute cervical @entity130 , following conventional radiography, the @entity1 should be evaluated with CT to better characterize and define the extent of the @entity174 and to search for additional @entity174 . MRI should be performed in these @entity1 after CT as it provides extremely valuable information regarding the status of the spinal cord. MRI because of its unparalleled soft-tissue contrast, noninvasive nature, ability to image in three orthogonal planes, and myelographic effect with certain pulses sequences has become the ideal imaging modality for @entity66 , and sports-related @entity74 are certainly no exception.

title: Diagnostic imaging of sports-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['spinal disease']

entities_list: @entity8322 :: ('MESH:D012544', 'Disease') :: ["Scheuermann's disease"]

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cervical spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disc disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['spinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['spine injury']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['spinal disorders']


abstract: In @entity10052 synthesis and activity of the @entity5334 and the alternative nitrogenase is controlled at three levels by the environmental factors @entity3104 , @entity5334 , light, and @entity26 . At the first level, transcription of the nifA1, nifA2, and anfA genes--which encode the transcriptional activators of all other nif and anf genes, respectively--is controlled by the Ntr system in dependence on @entity3104 availability. Mutations in ginB (coding for the signal transduction protein PII) result in significant expression of nifA and anfA in the presence of @entity3104 . In contrast to GlnB, the PII-paralogue GlnK is not involved in the Ntr signal transduction mechanism. In addition to @entity3104 control, transcription of anfA is inhibited by traces of @entity5334 via the molybdate-dependent repressor proteins MopA and MopB. At the second level of regulation, activity of NifA1, NifA2, and AnfA is inhibited by @entity3104 in an NtrC-independent manner. This post-translational @entity3104 control of NifA activity is partially released in the absence of GlnK, and completely abolished in a glnB/glnK double mutant. In contrast, AnfA activity is still inhibited by @entity3104 in the glnB/glnK mutant background. At the third level of regulation, both GlnB and GlnK as well as the @entity8776 transporter AmtB are involved in @entity3104 control of the DraT/DraG system, which mediates reversible @entity857 -ribosylation of both nitrogenase reductases (NifH and AnfH) in response to changes in @entity3104 availability or light intensity. Most remarkably, in a glnB/glnK double mutant @entity3104 control of the @entity5334 (but not of the alternative) nitrogenase is completely relieved, leading to synthesis of active nitrogenase in the presence of high concentrations of @entity3104 .

title: Regulation of nitrogen fixation in the phototrophic purple bacterium XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

entities_list: @entity8776 :: ('MESH:C027451', 'Chemical') :: ['(methyl)-ammonium']

entities_list: @entity5334 :: ('MESH:D008982', 'Chemical') :: ['molybdenum']

answer: @entity10052 :: (1061,Species) :: ['Rhodobacter capsulatus']


abstract: Replication protein A (RPA), the trimeric single-stranded DNA-binding protein complex of eukaryotic cells, is important to DNA replication and repair. Phosphorylation of the @entity13225 subunit of RPA is modulated by the cell cycle, occurring during S and G2 but not during G1. The function of phosphorylated @entity13225 remains unknown. We show that RPA @entity13225 phosphorylation is significantly induced by ionizing radiation. The phosphorylated form, @entity10784 , is similar if not identical to the phosphorylated S/G2 form. gamma-Irradiation-induced phosphorylation occurs without new protein synthesis and in cells in G1. Mutation of cdc2-type protein kinase phosphorylation sites in @entity13225 eliminates the ionizing radiation response. The gamma-irradiation-induced phosphorylation of RPA @entity13225 is delayed in cells from @entity1129 , a @entity1 @entity74 conferring DNA repair defects and early-onset tumorigenesis. UV-induced phosphorylation of RPA @entity13225 occurs less rapidly than gamma-irradiation-induced phosphorylation but is kinetically similar between @entity1129 and normal cells. This is the first time that modification of a repair protein, RPA, has been linked with a DNA damage response and suggests that phosphorylation may play a role in regulating DNA repair pathways.

title: The ionizing radiation-induced replication protein A phosphorylation response differs between @entity1129 and normal XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disease']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['ataxia telangiectasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors describe the clinical and pathologic characteristics of the Fukuoka 1 family, the first Japanese family recognized to have hereditary @entity304 associated with @entity308 , @entity353 , and central @entity7633 . METHODS: The pedigree contains 14 family members spanning four generations, with five affected individuals. All available medical records were collected for affected members, including autopsy results. RESULTS: The inheritance pattern was autosomal dominant. The average age at onset of symptoms was 41 years. All @entity1 had @entity304 characterized by @entity2003 , @entity2845 , and resting and postural @entity400 . @entity2845 and @entity308 developed in the proband at age 43 years. He responded to levodopa in the initial stage only. A year later, he had @entity353 and @entity11627 leading to @entity1576 . Symptoms developed in his cousin at age 38 years. The proband's father developed a resting @entity400 and @entity308 at age 43 years. The @entity400 was initially responsive to levodopa therapy, but the disease was relentlessly progressive, leading to severe @entity2845 , @entity2003 , @entity353 , and @entity649 . He died of @entity1576 at age 49 years. Autopsy showed marked @entity528 and @entity5219 in the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus. Lewy bodies, @entity3072 , senile plaques, and other abnormal structures were not seen in the cortical and subcortical regions. CONCLUSIONS: The Fukuoka 1 family shares many clinical and pathologic features with five previously reported kindreds from North America and Europe, suggesting that this syndrome has a worldwide distribution and can occur in different ethnic populations.

title: Japanese family with @entity304 , XXXX , @entity353 , and @entity11627 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity11627 :: ('MESH:C536209', 'Disease') :: ['central hypoventilation']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity7633 :: ('MESH:C536281', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar hypoventilation']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary tangles']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia', 'Bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: Lead is an important toxic metal found in industrial communities. Due to the industrialization in the recent decade in Thailand, lead intoxication as a toxicant-related disorder becomes a new public health problem. A retrospective study on clinical presentation of hospitalized @entity1 with diagnosis of lead intoxication during year 1990-1999 in King Chulalongkorn Memorial hospital, the largest Thai Red Cross Society Hospital, was performed. All 14 cases diagnosed with lead intoxication were identified in our series. Average age of the subjects was 25.55 +/- 21.93 years old. Male predominance was detected in our series (male:female = 12:2). Two main groups of subjects as; (1) childhood aged below 10 years old (male:female = 4:2) and (2) adult aged between 24 and 60 years old (n = 8, all male), can be identified. For the first group, the clinical presentations were @entity410 (n = 3), unexplained @entity417 (n = 1), @entity71 (n = 1) and asymptomatic (n = 1), respectively. All of the subjects in this group presented the history of living at the old battery plant area. Five of the six cases came from the same village. For the second group, the clinical presentations were unexplained abdominal @entity158 (n = 5), @entity177 (n = 1), unexplained @entity417 (n = 1) and asymptomatic (n = 1), respectively. Most of the subjects (75%) in this group presented the history of working in the battery plant for more than 10 years. Another case presented the history of gunshot and residual bullet in the bone marrow. The other one left is an interesting case with the history of prolonged usage of @entity400 and holy paper incineration. Like other studies, battery plant had strong relation with the lead intoxication. Although the total identified cases are rather few, there may be more undetected asymptomatic lead intoxication cases in the community. Specific control of lead resulted from battery plant and monitoring of the workers as public health strategies are still recommended.

title: Lead intoxication: a summary of the clinical presentation among Thai XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention deficit']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['ritual pill']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Primary angioplasty has been shown to reduce rates of in-hospital mortality, recurrent ischaemia and @entity1188 . However, the role of primary stenting and abciximab is presently undergoing evaluation. This study attempted to examine the feasibility, safety and outcomes of primary angioplasty in the treatment of @entity583 . Data in 100 @entity1 who underwent primary angioplasty for evolving @entity583 was prospectively analysed to assess the safety and efficacy of various modalities. Twenty @entity1 were in Killip class III and above. Multivessel (2 or more vessels) disease was noted in more than 52 cases. Procedural success was 99 percent; 86 @entity1 received primary stenting, majority of them had Kalam-Raju stent implantation. Adjunct treatment included abciximab infusion in 22 and intra-aortic balloon pump support in 12. Overall mortality rate was six percent with a mortality of 2.2 percent in @entity1455 @entity1 . Recurrent ischaemic events were noted in five, three of them had successful reperfusion with repeat angioplasty. None of the @entity1 had emergency coronary artery bypass surgery. It is concluded that primary angioplasty is safe and effective with high procedural success. Recurrent ischaemic events are low, possibly due to routine use of stenting and selective use of abciximab.

title: Prospective observational study of primary angioplasty of the @entity1188 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['non-cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A @entity35 model of ovariectomy-induced @entity409 has been established, which mimicked the urge incontinence in postmenopausal @entity1 . Previous studies have identified strong anti-inflammatory/antioxidant properties of green tea and its associated @entity6398 . The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the green tea extract, @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ), could prevent an ovariectomy-induced @entity2182 . METHODS: The study included 48 female @entity35 , which were divided into four groups. After bilateral ovariectomy during the following 6-month period, 12 @entity35 received an intraperitoneal injection of saline, 24 @entity35 received either a low-dose (1  M kg(-1) d(-1)) or a high-dose (10  M kg(-1) d(-1)) @entity3090 intraperitoneal injection. The sham group consisted of twelve @entity35 that were not ovariectomized. In vivo isovolumetric cystometrograms were performed in all groups before the animals were euthanized. The immunofluorescence study used neurofilament stains to evaluate @entity16 . Western immunoblots and real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to determine M2 and M3 muscarinic cholinergic receptors (MChRs) at both protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions. RESULTS: Long-term ovariectomy significantly increased non-voiding contractions, whereas treatment with @entity3090 significantly attenuated the frequency of non-voiding contractions. Ovariectomy significantly decreased the numbers of neurofilament and increased M2 and M3 MChR protein and mRNA expressions. Treatment with @entity3090 restored the amount of neurofilament staining and decreased M2 and M3 MChR protein and mRNA overexpressions. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that @entity43 induced @entity2182 via @entity16 and muscarinic receptor overexpression. @entity3090 prevented ovariectomy-induced @entity1494 through neuroprotective effects in a dose-dependent fashion.

title: Neuroprotection of green tea catechins on surgical menopause-induced XXXX in a @entity35 model.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovary hormone deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['intramural nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['voiding dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['epigallocatechin gallate']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder dysfunction', 'overactive bladder']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

answer: @entity2182 :: (MESH:D053201,Disease) :: ['overactive bladder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Norwich Terriers have grown increasingly popular as show animals and pets, and awareness of respiratory problems within the breed is growing. OBJECTIVE: To describe components of @entity1224 in a nonbrachycephalic terrier breed. ANIMALS: Sixteen Norwich Terriers; 12 with and 4 without clinical signs of @entity1576 . METHODS: Prospective case series. Physical and laryngoscopic examinations were performed by 1 investigator in all @entity235 . Medical and surgical interventions were summarized and results of follow-up examination or owner reports were recorded. RESULTS: The study population was comprised of 9 females (6 intact) and 7 males (5 intact). Median age was 3.0 years (range, 0.5-11 years). Of 12 @entity235 presented for a respiratory complaint, physical examination was normal in 4 @entity235 . Laryngoscopic examination was abnormal in 11/12 @entity235 with redundant supra-arytenoid folds, laryngeal collapse, everted laryngeal saccules, and a narrowed laryngeal opening in most. Of 4 @entity235 lacking clinical signs, all had normal physical examination; however, 3/4 @entity235 had similar appearance of the larynx to @entity235 with clinical signs. Response to surgical intervention was minimal to moderate in all @entity235 . CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Norwich Terriers suffer from an upper @entity1224 that differs from that encountered in brachycephalic breeds. Affected @entity235 are difficult to identify without laryngoscopic examination because of the lack of clinical signs and abnormalities in physical examination findings, despite severe @entity1224 . Care is warranted when anesthetizing Norwich Terriers because of the small size of the laryngeal opening.

title: Upper XXXX in Norwich Terriers: 16 cases.

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive upper airway syndrome', 'airway obstruction', 'airway obstructive syndrome']

answer: @entity1224 :: (MESH:D000402,Disease) :: ['airway obstruction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Smudge cells (Gumprecht shadows) are chronic lymphocytic leukaemic cells ruptured during peripheral blood smear preparation. It has been demonstrated to be linked to reduced expression of the cytoskeletal protein @entity2277 and its inverse correlation with the clinical outcome of the disease. AIMS: Investigation of the percentage of smudge cells, @entity3053 -, @entity6755 -positive cells and the time to treatment in @entity1 with @entity6444 . METHODS: Authors investigated the percentage of smudge cells, @entity3053 - and @entity6755 -positive cells in the peripheral blood of 50 @entity1 with @entity6444 and their correlation with the time to treatment. RESULTS: 21 @entity1 required treatment in the follow-up period. Their median smudge cell percentage was 9.9%, while it was 26.8% in the non-treated group. The cut-off value of smudge cell positivity was set to 20%. 59.3% of the @entity1 with less than cut-off had to be treated in the follow-up time compared to 21.7% of @entity1 with more smudge cells. These findings were similar to the prognostic value of @entity3053 and @entity6755 . The necessity of treatment increased to 75-77.8% with the combination of investigated markers. The time to treatment was 19 months when smudge cells were less than 20%, but above 20% it was 36.15 months. In case of low smudge cell percentage and @entity3053 positivity the time to treatment was 14.14 months and in case of high smudge cell percentage and @entity3053 negativity it was 32.92 months. In discordant cases the time to treatment was 18.43 months. The authors also present a case report that demonstrates the relationship between the percentage of smudge cells and apoptotic cells with @entity4404 and 7-AAD staining. CONCLUSIONS: Estimation of smudge cells on a blood smear could be a simple and cheap prognostic test in @entity6444 with sensitivity similar to @entity3053 and @entity6755 estimation. Combination of these tests raised the sensitivity of their prognostic value.

title: [The prognostic value of smudge cells (Gumprecht shadows) in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukaemia']

answer: @entity6444 :: (MESH:D015461,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukaemia']


abstract: Upon binding to the egg's zona pellucida, capacitated spermatozoa will undergo a @entity460 -dependent exocytotic event called acrosome reaction. During this process, @entity141 depletion from internal stores is followed by an important rise in [ @entity141 ]i due to a massive @entity141 influx. Previous reports have shown that the acrosome can act as a @entity141 store and that depletion of @entity2426 -sensitive stores induces acrosome exocytosis in capacitated spermatozoa from different @entity1 species. The effect of @entity2426 , a specific inhibitor of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum @entity141 -ATPases (SERCAs), suggests the presence and implication of SERCA in the active @entity141 uptake during @entity1 sperm capacitation. Although the presence of a @entity2426 -sensitive @entity141 -ATPase has been debated, the aim of this study was to clearly determine whether SERCAs are present in @entity1 spermatozoa. Using three different anti- @entity21331 antibodies, mono- and polyclonal, which recognised the same protein, we successfully identified and localised @entity21331 in @entity1 , @entity19 and @entity291 sperm. Western blot analysis suggests that more than one @entity21331 splice variant are present, one detected in the fraction containing the outer acrosomal membranes and another one present in the subcellular fraction containing the sperm midpiece. These results were confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence where @entity21331 was observed in the acrosome and midpiece regions of @entity1 sperm. @entity21331 immunohistochemical studies on @entity1 testis and PCR-amplification of mRNA encoding for each @entity21331 splice variant in spermatogenic cells support the presence of this @entity141 -ATPase family in mature spermatozoa. In this paper, we clearly demonstrate, for the first time, the presence of @entity21331 in @entity1 sperm.

title: Identification and localisation of @entity21331 isoforms in XXXX sperm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: We reviewed histologically 86 nephrectomy specimens from @entity1 with @entity3025 (with or without @entity3885 ) to investigate the relationship between coexisting @entity509 and postnatally acquired @entity16 . @entity509 was assessed independently of the acquired @entity393 using medullary ray glomerular counting. Severe @entity509 (glomerular number < 25% of normal) was detected in 47 of 86 @entity1 . These @entity1 underwent nephrectomy at a significantly younger age than those with minimal or no @entity509 (P < 0.01). There was no significant relationship between the severity of @entity509 and the presence or absence of obstruction. Severe acquired @entity393 was found in 68 of 86 @entity1 . There was no significant association between the severity of @entity393 and the presence or absence of obstruction, age at nephrectomy or degree of coexisting @entity509 . The findings suggest a strong association of @entity509 and @entity3025 . Therefore, early postnatal presentation with minimal renal function need not necessarily reflect a failure of management but rather a pre-existing limitation of renal capacity. Furthermore, in a significant proportion of fetuses with ultrasonographic evidence of urinary tract abnormality, renal pathology may be present prior to the time at which in utero surgical intervention may be considered.

title: Renal hypoplasia and postnatally acquired @entity393 in XXXX with @entity3025 .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cortical damage']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['ureterovesical obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['vesicoureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoplasia', 'hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['cortical loss']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity387 ( @entity387 ) is an increasingly recognized risk factor for @entity65 ( @entity65 ). Limited data are available from large African American cohorts. METHODS: We examined the prevalence, burden, and correlates of @entity25 suggestive of @entity387 and risk for @entity27 ( @entity27 ) in the @entity299 ( @entity299 ), an all-African-American cohort of 5301 adults. Data on selected daytime and @entity25 were collected using a modified Berlin questionnaire during the baseline examination. Risk of @entity27 was calculated according to published prediction model. Age and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between potential risk factors and measures of sleep. RESULTS: Sleep symptoms, burden, and risk of @entity27 were high among @entity1 and @entity1 in the @entity299 and increased with age and @entity28 . Being married was positively associated with @entity25 among @entity1 . In @entity1 , poor to fair perceived health and increased levels of stress were associated with higher odds of sleep burden, whereas prevalent @entity101 and @entity65 were associated with higher odds of @entity27 risk. Similar associations were observed among @entity1 with slight variations. Sleep duration <7h was associated with increased odds of @entity25 among @entity1 and increased sleep burden among @entity1 . Moderate to severe @entity25 was consistently and positively associated with odds of @entity25 , sleep burden, and high risk @entity27 . CONCLUSIONS: Sleep symptoms in @entity299 had a strong positive association with features of @entity1144 , stress, and poor perceived health. With increasing @entity28 among younger African Americans, these findings are likely to have broad public health implications.

title: XXXX symptoms among African-Americans in the @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['Sleep-disordered breathing', 'SDB']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['adverse sleep symptoms', 'restless sleep', 'sleep symptoms', 'nighttime sleep symptoms']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['visceral obesity']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['JHS', 'Jackson Heart Study']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['Sleep-disordered breathing']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Routine immunization of adolescent @entity1 aged 12-17 y against @entity1082 ) was recommended in Germany in March 2007. We aimed to assess HPV-vaccine uptake and knowledge about post-vaccination cervical @entity5 screening and condom use in @entity1 aged 18-20 years, three years after adoption of @entity9273 into the routine vaccination schedule. RESULTS: Overall 2,001 females participated in our study. Of these, 49% reported receipt of a complete three-dose course of HPV-vaccines; 11% received 1 or 2 doses. Living in East Germany, high educational status, and interest in health-related issues were independently associated with @entity9273 . Misconceptions among survey- @entity1 were rare: Only 8% believed that @entity9273 would obviate the need for cervical screening and 1% that condom use would be dispensible after vaccination. METHODS: In 2010, a nationwide cross-sectional telephone-survey was performed among randomly-selected @entity1 aged 18-20 years living in Germany. Telephone interviews were conducted by a large professional market research institute as part of a daily omnibus survey. CONCLUSION: @entity9273 coverage is low in Germany. The results indicate that there is an urgent need for the implementation of a coordinated adolescent vaccination program to facilitate access to vaccination, including balanced information tailored to this age group. Otherwise, the @entity9273 effort will fall short of reaching its maximum public health benefit.

title: HPV vaccination coverage among XXXX aged 18-20 years in Germany three years after recommendation of HPV vaccination for adolescent @entity1 : results from a cross-sectional survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity9273 :: ('OMIM:167959', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-vaccination']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze our experience with stereotactic radiosurgery in the management of @entity1 with brain @entity3 from radioresistant primary @entity5 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical record of those @entity1 for the outcome measures. All data were coded and entered into multivariate regression analysis for studying the relationship between survival and other variables. RESULTS: Over a 48-month period, 31 @entity1 received radiosurgery for brain @entity3 from @entity1358 (n = 7), @entity320 (n = 14), or @entity694 (n = 10) at our institution. The followup ranged from 1-48 months (mean = 17 months). At the time of last followup, 11 @entity1 (35.5%) were alive and 20 had died. Six @entity204 (30%) resulted from progressive @entity75 while 14 @entity1 died from progressive primary and/or extracranial @entity3 . Mean survival from radiosurgery was 12 months (95% CI, 7-17) and the median survival was 7 months. The 1 and 2 year actuarial survival rates were 32.5 +/- 1% and 12.2 +/- 1% respectively. The overall survival was directly related to @entity5 control time (P <0.001) and inversely to the number of @entity3 (P = 0.031). CONCLUSION: Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery for intracranial @entity3 from conventionally radioresistant primary @entity5 is a safe and effective method to provide better local control of the @entity75 and improve survival time.

title: Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery for intracranial @entity3 from conventionally radioresistant primary @entity5 : outcome analysis of survival and control of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disease']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: This article reports the authors' experience with treatment of lower @entity9867 using the wave technique. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 (16 males, 5 females) were treated using the wave technique between September 2009 and October 2010. @entity1 undergoing the procedure had @entity5 that were classified as either T1N0M0 or T2N0M0. Lateral defects less than 2 cm in size are generally treated with unilateral flaps, and median defects are closed with bilateral symmetric flaps. If the defect is paramedian and greater than 2 cm in width, two asymmetric flaps are used. RESULTS: No recurrence was observed during a 6- to 32 months follow-up (mean 19 months). All @entity1 showed excellent esthetic results with no @entity8556 . CONCLUSIONS: We modified the straight lines of the staircase technique into round lines of the wave technique, resulting in an esthetic improvement. The goal of the broken lines and round lines is to create less visible scars. The wave technique can be used to close defects of up to two-thirds of the lower lip.

title: Wave technique for treatment of lower XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8556 :: ('MESH:D008865', 'Disease') :: ['microstomia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity9867 :: ('MESH:D008048', 'Disease') :: ['lip cancer']

answer: @entity9867 :: (MESH:D008048,Disease) :: ['lip cancer']


abstract: Immunohistochemical studies of @entity816 tissue have predominantly shown fibronectin (FN) positivity restricted to vessels and @entity538 ( @entity538 ) positivity in the parenchyma. @entity11 cell lines, however, express both FN and @entity538 . We measured the DNA content of explants of @entity11 to determine if the ploidy of the FN-positive and @entity538 -positive cells differed. Thirty-three explants from four high grade @entity11 were cultured on slides. FN and @entity538 markers were determined by double immunofluorescence. The slides were stained by the Feulgen method, the explants relocated and the DNA content measured by microdensitometry using the CAS-100 instrument. @entity1 leukocytes applied to the slides were used as a diploid standard. Eleven @entity538 -positive explants were @entity981 and one hypodiploid. Five FN-positive explants were diploid, three hypodiploid and ten @entity981 . One FN-positive explant was biclonal with aneuploid subpopulations. Two @entity981 explants, each of which had monoclonal histogram patterns, expressed both FN and @entity538 . We conclude that most FN-positive cells, in addition to @entity538 -positive cells, from @entity11 represent neoplastic cells. These may be present in the @entity5 in low numbers or may result from marker switching in culture.

title: DNA content and marker expression in XXXX @entity11 explants.

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdiploid']

entities_list: @entity538 :: ('2670', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Cultured glioma', 'cultured gliomas', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mycoplasmas are the smallest microorganisms capable of self-replication. Our previous studies show that some @entity9463 are able to induce @entity5 of host @entity1 cells. This @entity5 is a multistage process with the @entity281 , reversible and irreversible stages, and similar to @entity1 @entity5 development in nature. The purpose of this study is to explore mechanisms for this @entity5 . METHODS: To better understand mechanisms for this unique process, we examined gene expression profiles of C3H cells at different stages of the @entity9463 -induced transformation using cDNA microarray technology. A total of 1185 genes involved in oncogenesis, apoptosis, cell growth, cell-cycle regulation, DNA repair, etc. were examined. Differences in the expression of these genes were compared and analyzed using the computer software AtlasImage. RESULTS: Among 1185 genes screened, 135 had aberrant expression at the @entity281 stage, 252 at the reversible stage and 184 at the irreversible stage. At the @entity281 stage, genes with increased expression (92 genes) were twice more than those with decreased expression (42 genes). The global gene expression at the reversible stage appeared to be more volatile than that at any other stages but still resembled the profile at the @entity281 stage. The expression profile at the irreversible stage shows a unique pattern of a wide range of expression levels and an increased number of expressing genes, especially the @entity5 -related genes. Oncogenes and @entity5 suppressors are a group of molecules that showed significant changes in expression during the transformation. The majority of these changes occurred in the reversible and irreversible stages. A prolonged @entity281 by @entity9463 lead to the expression of more @entity5 related genes at the irreversible stage. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the expression profiles correspond with the phenotypic features of the cells in the @entity9463 induced transformation process. The early @entity9463 stage shares a common phenomenon with many other @entity697 , genes with increased expression significantly outnumbering those with decreased expression. The reversible stage is a transition stage between benignancy and @entity5 at the molecular level. Aberrant expression of oncogenes and @entity5 repressors plays a key role in @entity9463 -induced @entity5 .

title: Alteration of gene expression profiles during XXXX -induced malignant cell transformation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity9463 :: ('MESH:D009175', 'Disease') :: ['mycoplasmas', 'mycoplasma', 'mycoplasma infection']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infections']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignant transformation', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['early infection', 'infection']

answer: @entity9463 :: (MESH:D009175,Disease) :: ['mycoplasma']


abstract: In 1993, the World Health Organization completed the development of a draft algorithm for the integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI), which deals with @entity1729 , @entity294 , @entity311 , measles, @entity2169 , @entity3147 , and immunization status. The present study compares the performance of a minimally trained health worker to make a correct diagnosis using the draft IMCI algorithm with that of a fully trained paediatrician who had laboratory and radiological support. During the 14-month study period, 1795 @entity1 aged between 2 months and 5 years were enrolled from the outpatient paediatric clinic of Siaya District Hospital in western Kenya; 48% were female and the median age was 13 months. Fever, cough and @entity294 were the most common chief complaints presented by 907 (51%), 395 (22%), and 199 (11%) of the @entity1 , respectively; 86% of the chief complaints were directly addressed by the IMCI algorithm. A total of 1210 @entity1 (67%) had @entity3964 infection and 1432 (80%) met the WHO definition for @entity417 (haemoglobin < 11 g/dl). The sensitivities and specificities for classification of illness by the health worker using the IMCI algorithm compared to diagnosis by the physician were: @entity55 (97% sensitivity, 49% specificity); dehydration in @entity1 with @entity294 (51%, 98%); @entity311 (100%, 0%); ear problem (98%, 2%); nutritional status (96%, 66%); and need for referral (42%, 94%). Detection of fever by laying a hand on the forehead was both sensitive and specific (91%, 77%). There was substantial clinical overlap between @entity55 and @entity311 (n = 895), and between @entity311 and @entity3147 (n = 811). Based on the initial analysis of these data, some changes were made in the IMCI algorithm. This study provides important technical validation of the IMCI algorithm, but the performance of health workers should be monitored during the early part of their IMCI training.

title: Evaluation of an algorithm for integrated management of childhood illness in an area of Kenya with high XXXX transmission.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['ear infections']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: @entity10898 is essential to the migration and differentiation of melanocytes during embryogenesis based on the observation that mutations in either the @entity10898 gene, or its ligand, @entity17777 , result in defects in @entity8038 in @entity19 . @entity10898 is also required for the survival of melanocyte precursors while they are migrating towards the skin. @entity641 has been implicated in the regulation of both cellular proliferation and differentiation. NCC-melb4, an immortal cloned cell line, was cloned from a @entity19 neural crest cell. NCC-melb4 cells provide a model to study the specific stage of differentiation and proliferation of melanocytes. They also express @entity17777 as a melanoblast marker. Using the NCC-melb4 cell line, we investigated the effect of @entity641 on the differentiation and proliferation of immature melanocyte precursors. Immunohistochemically, NCC-melb4 cells showed transforming growth factor @entity11952 expression. The anti-transforming growth factor @entity11952 antibody inhibited the cell growth, and downregulated the @entity17777 protein and mRNA expression. To investigate further the activation of autocrine transforming growth factor @entity11952 , NCC-melb4 cells were incubated in nonexogenous transforming growth factor @entity11952 culture medium. @entity17777 protein decreased with anti-transforming growth factor @entity11952 antibody concentration in a concentration-dependent manner. We concluded that in NCC-melb4 cells, transforming growth factor @entity11952 promotes melanocyte precursor proliferation in autocrine and/or paracrine regulation. We further investigated the influence of transforming growth factor @entity11952 in vitro using a neural crest cell primary culture system from wild-type mice. Anti-transforming growth factor @entity11952 antibody decreased the number of @entity17777 positive neural crest cell. In addition, the anti-transforming growth factor @entity11952 antibody supplied within the wild-type neural crest explants abolished the growth of the neural crest cell. These results indicate that @entity641 affect melanocyte precursor proliferation and differentiation in the presence of @entity10898 / @entity17777 in an autocrine/paracrine manner.

title: @entity641 regulates melanocyte proliferation and differentiation in XXXX neural crest cells via @entity10898 / @entity17777 signaling.

entities_list: @entity10898 :: ('17311(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['stem cell factor', 'Stem cell factor']

entities_list: @entity641 :: ('21803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta1', 'Transforming growth factor beta1']

entities_list: @entity8038 :: ('MESH:D058456', 'Disease') :: ['coat pigmentation']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5249 is @entity245 of the lower leg, manifested by @entity85 . Surgical treatment includes corrective osteotomy, lateral hemiepiphisyodesis, distraction of the proximal tibial physis, physeal bar resection and elevation of the medial tibial plateau. CASE OUTLINE: A case of a 4-year-old @entity1 with @entity9497 is presented. Condition was recognized as @entity5249 , type five. Both lower legs were operated by medial methaphyseal semi-osteotomy of the proximal tibia with the elevation of the medial tibial plateau. Prospectively, bilateral proximal hemiepiphysiodesis was done. Total follow-up period was eighteen years.The @entity1 has no disturbances, clinical and radiographic findings are excellent. Improvement of the femoro-tibial angle is 22 degrees on the right side, and 21 degrees on the left side. Improvement of the varus angle is 7 degrees on the right side, and 27 degrees on the left side. @entity308 is completely bilaterally reduced; improvement on the right side is 46 degrees, and 51 degrees on the left side. CONCLUSION: It is known today that @entity85 is a part of the disease; varus, antecurvatum and internal rotation of the lower leg. By elevation of the medial plateau varus of the lower and antecurvatum component of deformity can be solved, while internal torsion cannot be solved. This deformity has to be either skillfully neglected, or corrected by an additional osteotomy by the elevation of the medial tibial plateau. Lateral hemiepiphysiodesis serves as extra stabilisator of the achieved result, and it is recommended to be done in combination with surgical elevation of the medial tibial plateau and derotative corrective osteotomy of the tibia.

title: [Treatment of XXXX - 18-year follow-up: A case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Medial plateau depression']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disorder']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['multiplanar deformity']

entities_list: @entity5249 :: ('MESH:C536237', 'Disease') :: ['Blount disease']

answer: @entity5249 :: (MESH:C536237,Disease) :: ['infantile tibia vara']


abstract: In @entity35 pituitary @entity35 cells, activation of transfected @entity935 D2 receptors (long, @entity30454 , or short, D2S, form) and endogenously expressed @entity1943 and muscarinic M4 receptors induced inhibition of @entity268 synthesis and of @entity9898 -induced @entity460 entry via pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins. To analyze the role of alpha 0 and alpha i2 in relaying of these signals, alpha 0 or alpha i2 antisense constructs were separately and stably transfected into @entity35 cells. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses indicated specific ablation of alpha 0 or alpha i2 in the antisense transfectant clones. Elimination of alpha 0 selectively abolished receptor-mediated inhibition of @entity460 entry. Notably, the action of @entity935 D2L receptor was partially (about 30%) retained. By contrast, depletion of alpha i2 selectively impaired receptor-mediated inhibition of @entity268 accumulation. Inhibition of basal @entity268 synthesis by any of the four receptors studied was blocked in alpha i2-depleted clones. Additionally, @entity935 D2L, @entity1943 and muscarinic M4 receptor-mediated inhibition of vasoactive intestinal peptide-stimulated @entity268 formation was also abolished. Remarkably, @entity1943 even potentiated (by 30%) the action of vasoactive intestinal peptide in alpha i2-antisense clones. In contrast, the action of @entity935 D2S receptor on stimulated @entity268 synthesis remained largely unaltered. The results demonstrate that alpha 0 specifically triggers receptor-induced closure of @entity460 channels, whereas alpha i2 specifically mediates inhibition of adenylyl cyclase in @entity35 cells. Furthermore, the data suggest that G1 protein specificity in receptor coupling to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase depends critically on the activity state of the enzyme. Moreover, the results indicate an essential difference in coupling of @entity935 D2L and D2S receptors to G proteins.

title: G protein specificity in receptor-effector coupling. Analysis of the roles of G0 and Gi2 in XXXX pituitary cells.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity30454 :: ('p|SUB|D|2|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['D2L']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['GH4C1']


abstract: @entity1208 causes substantial morbidity and mortality. However, the use of corticosteroids to treat this problem has been evaluated in a limited number of studies because adequate sample size is difficult to obtain. We analyzed 361 subjects with @entity1208 derived from 10 retrospective and three prospective publications. We divided cases into those treated with @entity288 and antibiotics (T) and those that received neither modality (NT) based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Forty-one percent of NT cases developed esophageal stricture and 19% of T cases developed this complication (P less than .01). There were no reported @entity850 among 72 first-degree esophageal burns (combined T and NT cases). The T group contained 54 @entity850 among 228 @entity1 (24%) with either second- or third-degree burns. The NT group of 25 @entity1 with the same burn severity suffered 13 @entity850 (52%) (P less than .01). Reports of @entity204 and @entity360 did not increase among @entity134 -treated @entity1 . We do not recommend corticosteroid therapy for first-degree esophageal injuries. However, this therapy may be useful in preventing @entity850 among @entity1 with second- or third-degree corrosive esophageal burns.

title: Steroids for the treatment of XXXX : a statistical analysis of past studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['Caustic esophageal injury', 'corrosive esophageal injury']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['strictures']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1208 :: (MESH:D004935,Disease) :: ['corrosive esophageal injury']


abstract: A simple, rapid and stability-indicating reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method was developed for the assay of @entity4006 (VRT) in the presence of its degradation products generated from forced decomposition studies. The @entity1172 was achieved on a C18 Inertsil column (250 mm   4.6 mm i.d. particle size is 5  m) employing a mobile phase consisting of @entity6190 buffer containing @entity6146 (0.02M; @entity10003 ) and @entity1626 in gradient program mode with a flow rate of 1.0 mL @entity1009 ). The UV detector was operated at 237 nm while column temperature was maintained at 40   C. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness and limit of quantification. The method was found to be simple, specific, precise and accurate. Selectivity of the proposed method was validated by subjecting the stock solution of VRT to acidic, basic, photolysis, oxidative and thermal degradation. The calibration curve was found to be linear in the concentration range of 0.1-192  g mL(-1) (R(2) = 0.9994). The peaks of degradation products did not interfere with that of pure VRT. The utility of the developed method was examined by analyzing the tablets containing VRT. The results of analysis were subjected to statistical analysis.

title: Stress degradation studies on XXXX and development of a validated stability-indicating HPLC method.

entities_list: @entity6146 :: ('MESH:D014269', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoroacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity4006 :: ('MESH:C500838', 'Chemical') :: ['varenicline tartrate']

entities_list: @entity6190 :: ('MESH:C018824', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium acetate']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity1172 :: ('MESH:D001010', 'Disease') :: ['HPLC separation']

answer: @entity4006 :: (MESH:C500838,Chemical) :: ['varenicline tartrate']


abstract: CONTEXT: We report on a case of @entity1270 due to mild starvation in a third term twin pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to present a case report and review of the literature in @entity1270 in pregnancy, including precipitating factors and underlying pathophysiology. DESIGN: The case report includes collation of earlier data and literature review. SETTING: The @entity1 was admitted to the obstetrics ward of a large general hospital and, after cesarean section, was transferred to the intensive care unit. @entity1 : We present the case of a 26-yr-old @entity28 @entity1 with a 35-wk twin pregnancy. INTERVENTION: We provided appropriate management with fluid infusion after cesarean delivery. RESULTS: The @entity1 and her two daughters survived, and no disabilities were foreseen. @entity167 , @entity1042 , and @entity880 levels were normal. No signs of @entity8 or @entity6 were present. Pathological examination revealed no abnormalities of the placentae. Toxicological tests revealed a @entity2697 level of less than 5 mg/liter, an @entity1443 level of less than 1 mg/liter, and an @entity1324 level of 300 mg/liter (reference, 5-20 mg/liter). CONCLUSIONS: We present a case of third term twin pregnancy with high anion gap @entity520 due to (mild) starvation. Starvation, @entity28 , third term twin pregnancy, and perhaps a @entity1902 were the ultimate provoking factors. In the light of the erroneous suspicion of @entity295 and initial fluid therapy lacking @entity413 , one wonders whether, under a different fluid regime, cesarean section could have been avoided. Severe @entity1270 in the pregnant @entity1 is associated with impaired neurodevelopment. It therefore demands early recognition and immediate intervention.

title: A case of XXXX in third term twin pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity2697 :: ('CHEBI:30762', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylate']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1270 :: ('MESH:D007662', 'Disease') :: ['nondiabetic ketoacidosis', 'ketoacidosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1270 :: (MESH:D007662,Disease) :: ['nondiabetic ketoacidosis']


abstract: @entity328 is an important @entity1 pathogen. To cause disease, it must first colonize the nasopharynx. The widespread use of pneumococcal-conjugate vaccines which target the capsular polysaccharide has led to decreased nasopharyngeal carriage of vaccine serotypes, but a concomitant increase in carriage of non-vaccine serotypes and nonencapsulated @entity2260 ( @entity15155 ). Some @entity15155 express pneumococcal surface protein K (PspK), a virulence factor shown to contribute to nasopharyngeal colonization. We present the case of a @entity1 with @entity102 caused by a PspK(+) @entity15155 . We tested the pneumococcal isolate, designated C144.66, for antimicrobial resistance, the presence of the pspK gene and the expression of PspK. Sequence typing and genome sequencing were performed. C144.66 was found to be resistant to @entity2929 and displayed intermediate resistance to @entity114 and @entity206 / @entity207 . C144.66 has the pspK gene in place of the capsule locus. Additionally, PspK expression was confirmed by flow cytometry. @entity15155 are a growing concern as an emerging @entity1 pathogen, as current pneumococcal vaccines do not confer immunity against them. An inability to vaccinate against @entity15155 may result in increased carriage and associated pathology.

title: Nonencapsulated @entity328 as a cause of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic adenoiditis']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic adenoiditis']


abstract: @entity2012 is a disorder caused by excessive secretion of @entity1 @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ). @entity1943 and its analogue-prolonged release formulation, @entity18245 ( @entity18245 PR), inhibit the secretion of @entity2124 . The aim of this open Phase III study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of @entity18245 in the treatment of six acromegalic @entity1 with a mean age of 44 +/- 13 yr including two @entity1 with @entity6 . All the @entity1 previously received transsphenoidal or transcranial hypophysectomy. @entity18245 was given intramuscularly every 2 weeks at a fixed dose of 30 mg for 12 weeks. Serum GH and insulin-like growth factor-I ( @entity442 ) levels were evaluated before, 2, 6 and 12 weeks after treatment. After 12 weeks of treatment, mean (+/- SEM) @entity2124 levels decreased from 24.8 +/- 12.5 to 6.9 +/- 3.3 ng/ml and mean serum @entity442 levels decreased from 689 +/- 282 to 430 +/- 216 ng/ml. Abdominal ultrasonographic examinations showed no @entity1085 or bile sand formation before or after the treatment. Three of the @entity1 who did not receive @entity2390 presented with manifestations of mild gastrointestinal adverse effect such as mild @entity490 and @entity294 . In conclusion, @entity18245 is effective in the treatment of active postoperative @entity2012 .

title: An open, phase III study of @entity18245 ( @entity18245 PR) in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder stone']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly', 'Acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity18245 :: ('MESH:C060347', 'Chemical') :: ['Somatuline', 'lanreotide', 'Lanreotide']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['Somatostatin']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: We report the first randomized study assessing the efficacy and safety of @entity5699 (DNR) continuous infusion (CI) compared to the more conventional 30-min infusion (i.v.) in newly diagnosed adult @entity981 ( @entity981 ). Seventy-seven @entity1 were initially randomized to receive either a 24-h CI DNR (60 mg/m2 days 2-4) (40 @entity1 ) or bolus DNR at the same dosage (37 @entity1 ) with @entity1891 (2 mg i.v. days 1, 8, 15) and oral @entity229 (60 mg/m2 days 1-15), without @entity1583 growth factor support, as an induction regimen. The distribution of adverse prognostic factors was comparable in the two-induction arm. Acute @entity137 was more important in the CI arm. Gram negative infection (9 vs 1 gram negative @entity295 , P = 0.01) and @entity204 (6 vs 1 @entity204 , P = NS) occurred more frequently in the CI arm during the induction treatment than in the i.v. arm, leading to the study interruption. Neutropenia but not @entity882 duration was significantly longer in the CI arm than in the i.v. arm (18 days vs 14 days, P > 0.05 and 16 days vs 12 days, P > 0.05, respectively). Despite a similar CR rate according to the method of DNR administration (68% in the CI DNR arm vs 76% in the i.v. arm after the first course), there was a trend toward higher freedom from relapse (FFR) after DNR CI (48% vs 28% in the i.v. arm at 5 years, P = NS), suggesting that despite this high @entity137 , DNR CI may improve the CR quality and decrease further the @entity66 .

title: @entity5699 continuous infusion induces more XXXX than bolus infusion in @entity981 induction regimen: a randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombopenia']

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunorubicin']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'infection-related deaths']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The study evaluated the incidence and predictors of @entity908 kinase-MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) elevation after successful coronary intervention using current devices, and assessed the influence on in-hospital course and midterm survival. BACKGROUND: The CK-MB elevation after coronary intervention predominantly using balloon angioplasty correlates with late cardiac events of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and @entity204 . Whether CK-MB elevation after nonballoon devices is associated with an adverse short and midterm prognosis is unknown. METHODS: The incidence and predictors of CK-MB elevation after coronary intervention were prospectively studied in 1,675 consecutive @entity1 and were followed for in-hospital events and survival. RESULTS: CK-MB elevation was detected in 313 @entity1 (18.7%), with 1-3x in 12.8%, 3-5x in 3.5% and >5x normal in 2.4% of @entity1 . Procedural complications or electrocardiogram changes occurred in only 49% of the CK-MB-elevation cases; CK-MB elevation was more common after nonballoon devices (19.5% vs. 11.5% after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; p < 0.01). Predictors of CK-MB elevation on multivariate analysis were diffuse @entity301 (p = 0.02), systemic @entity731 (p = 0.002), stent use (p = 0.04) and absence of beta-blocker therapy (p = 0.001). Adverse in-hospital cardiac events were more frequent in @entity1 with >5x CK-MB elevation, with no significant difference between 1-5x CK-MB elevation versus normal CK-MB group. During a mean follow-up of 13 +/- 3 months, the incidence of @entity204 in the CK-MB-elevation group was 1.6% versus 1.3% in the normal CK-MB group (p = NS). CONCLUSIONS: The CK-MB elevation after coronary intervention was observed even in the absence of discernible procedural complications and was more common in @entity1 with @entity731 . In-hospital clinical events requiring prolonged monitoring were higher in >5x CK-MB-elevation @entity1 only. Midterm survival of CK-MB-elevation @entity1 was similar to those with normal CK-MB. Our prospective analysis shows a lack of adverse in-hospital cardiac events and suggests that early discharge of stable 1-5x normal CK-MB-elevation @entity1 after successful coronary intervention is safe.

title: XXXX kinase-MB elevation after coronary intervention correlates with @entity731 , and low-to-medium level elevation has a benign clinical course: implications for early discharge after coronary intervention.

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'diffuse atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity908 :: (MESH:D003401,Chemical) :: ['Creatine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical effect of inhaled @entity228 treatment for persistent cough, post upper @entity1729 (URTI) in previously healthy individuals, and on @entity2488 ( @entity2488 ). METHODOLOGY: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study conducted at a university hospital. A total of 30 non-asthmatic, non-smoking @entity1 who were >15 years old and who had persistent post-URTI cough for >3 weeks were assessed by a physical examination, CXR and spirometry, and were allocated to receive inhaled @entity4184 (400 microg/puff, twice daily) or placebo for 4 weeks. If a @entity1 suffered from @entity1244 , it was a requirement that it had been well treated. A symptom score (frequency of cough, frequency of coughing bouts, symptoms associated with cough, night-time cough, frequency of taking medications to relieve cough, and number of medications) was recorded at entry, and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment. A @entity2710 challenge test was performed at entry and after 4 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: The mean symptom scores for the treatment group (9.4) and the placebo group (9.8) at baseline were not significantly different (P=0.79), and no differences were found between the groups after week 2 and week 4 of treatment (3.93 and 4.27 vs 2.26 and 2.66, P=0.29). The mean change in symptom scores from baseline to week 2 and to week 4 of treatment were also not different between groups (5.93 and 5.6 vs 7.00 and 7.58, P=0.23). No difference between groups was found in the mean changes in FEV(1), FVC, and FEF(25--75%) after 4 weeks of treatment. A positive bronchial provocation test occurred in three @entity1 (10%) but these were borderline. CONCLUSION: Inhaled corticosteroid is ineffective in treating persistent post-URTI cough in previously healthy individuals.

title: Inhaled corticosteroid for persistent cough following upper XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['BHR', 'bronchial hyperresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory tract infection']


abstract: Point mutations of the active-site residues Trp168, Tyr171, Trp275, Trp397, Trp570 and @entity2574 392 were introduced to @entity11784 chitinase A. The modeled 3D structure of the enzyme illustrated that these residues fully occupied the substrate binding cleft and it was found that their mutation greatly reduced the hydrolyzing activity against pNP-[ @entity4826 ](2) and colloidal chitin. Mutant @entity45229 was the only exception, as it instead enhanced the hydrolysis of the pNP substrate to 142% and gave no activity loss towards colloidal chitin. The kinetic study with the pNP substrate demonstrated that the mutations caused impaired K(m) and k(cat) values of the enzyme. A chitin binding assay showed that mutations of the aromatic residues did not change the binding equilibrium. Product analysis by thin layer chromatography showed higher efficiency of W275G and @entity45229 in G4-G6 hydrolysis over the wild type enzyme. Though the time course of colloidal chitin hydrolysis displayed no difference in the cleavage behavior of the chitinase variants, the time course of G6 hydrolysis exhibited distinct hydrolytic patterns between wild-type and mutants W275G and @entity45229 . Wild type initially hydrolyzed G6 to G4 and G2, and finally G2 was formed as the major end product. W275G primarily created G2-G5 intermediates, and later G2 and G3 were formed as stable products. In contrast, @entity45229 initially produced G1-G5, and then the high-M(r) intermediates (G3-G5) were broken down to G1 and G2 end products. This modification of the cleavage patterns of chitooligomers suggested that residues Trp275 and Trp397 are involved in defining the binding selectivity of the enzyme to soluble substrates.

title: Mutations of Trp275 and Trp397 altered the binding selectivity of XXXX chitinase A.

entities_list: @entity11784 :: ('669', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio carchariae']

answer: @entity11784 :: (669,Species) :: ['Vibrio carchariae']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the anesthetic management of @entity158 and Cesarean section in a @entity1 with @entity17586 at risk for @entity262 @entity5310 . CLINICAL: A 37-yr-old @entity1 with a history of @entity17586 and an @entity56 to a local anesthetic agent was seen in consultation at 36 weeks gestation. She previously tested negative for an @entity566 test to @entity3303 . Recommendations to avoid @entity262 @entity5310 included: avoidance of @entity112 -releasing drugs, using @entity3303 for labour epidural, and regional anesthesia in case of a Cesarean section. The @entity1 presented at term in labour. Intravenous @entity3575 was used for early labour, followed by a combined spinal-epidural. The spinal contained @entity3303 and @entity3575 , but because of @entity111 , the epidural infusion contained @entity3303 only. Most likely because of tachyphylaxis to @entity3303 , an epidural bolus of @entity3303 with @entity1425 failed to provide adequate anesthesia for a Cesarean section. The block was supplemented with @entity3810 by mask, with @entity3575 postdelivery. @entity282 control was managed with an epidural infusion of @entity3303 and @entity3575 for three days. The @entity1 was discharged without complications four days postsurgery. CONCLUSION: Proper @entity566 testing prior to pregnancy is important to help the management of @entity158 and anesthesia for Cesarean section in a @entity1 at risk for @entity262 @entity5310 .

title: Anesthetic management of a labouring parturient with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5310 :: ('MESH:D008415', 'Disease') :: ['mastocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity17586 :: ('MESH:D014582', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['labour pain']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity17586 :: (MESH:D014582,Disease) :: ['urticaria pigmentosa']


abstract: Studies were performed in conscious @entity35 to characterize the changes in renal excretory function produced by activation of delta opioid systems. The intravenous infusion of 50 microgram/kg/min, BW373U86 (BW), a nonpeptide delta opioid receptor agonist, produced a significant increase in urine flow rate and urinary @entity1372 excretion. The infusion of BW at a dose of 30 microgram/kg/min produced diuresis without affecting urinary @entity1372 excretion. In contrast, BW did not alter either renal excretory parameter at a dose of 10 microgram/kg/min. The renal responses produced by BW occurred without changes in heart rate or mean arterial blood pressure. The diuretic and natriuretic responses produced by the i.v. infusion of BW (50 microgram/kg/min) were prevented by pretreatment of animals with the selective delta opioid receptor antagonist, @entity5172 (1 mg/kg, i.v.). When administered alone, @entity5172 (1 mg/kg, i.v.) failed to change any systemic @entity65 . In other groups of animals, the peripheral administration of the delta opioid receptor agonist, @entity13847 , also evoked a profound diuretic and natriuretic response ( @entity5172 sensitive) similar to that produced by BW. In contrast to these findings, the diuretic and natriuretic response produced by BW infusion (30 or 50 microgram/kg/min, i.v.) was abolished in @entity35 having undergone chronic bilateral renal denervation. Together, these results demonstrate that the peripheral administration of BW373U86 or @entity13847 produce marked diuretic and natriuretic responses in conscious @entity35 via a delta opioid receptor pathway and that intact renal nerves are required for mediating these responses. Although endogenous delta opioid systems do not appear to exert a tonic influence under basal conditions, these findings suggest that delta opioid pathways may evoke significant changes in renal excretory function under conditions in which these systems are activated.

title: Renal excretory responses produced by the delta opioid agonist, BW373U86, in conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5172 :: ('MESH:C055382', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrindole']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular or renal excretory parameter']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity6 has been associated with both elevated plasma concentrations of the natriuretic and vasorelaxant hormone atrial natriuretic factor and with a reduced natriuretic response to this hormone. We now hypothesize that the vasodilator response to atrial natriuretic factor is attenuated in @entity1723 . Forearm vasodilator responses to the infusion of six increasing dosages of atrial natriuretic factor into the brachial artery were registered by @entity432 gauge plethysmography in 10 @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity1723 and in 10 age-, sex-, and weight-matched control subjects. Baseline levels of blood pressure, forearm blood flow, and plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic factor were not different between control subjects and @entity1 with @entity6 . In control subjects, atrial natriuretic factor induced a percentage fall in the forearm vascular resistance of -29 +/- 5% at the lowest to -72 +/- 4% at the highest infusion rate. In @entity1 with @entity6 this fall was significantly attenuated, measuring -2 +/- 7 and -45 +/- 4%, respectively, (P < 0.001 vs. control subjects). During infusion of atrial natriuretic factor into the brachial artery, the calculated regional production of @entity6708 (second messenger of atrial natriuretic factor) increased from 1.2 +/- 1.1 to 22.8 +/- 4.8 pmol.min-1 x 100 ml-1 in the control subjects, whereas hardly any change occurred in the @entity1 with @entity6 (from -2.1 +/- 1.2 to 2.9 +/- 4.7 pmol.min-1 x 100 ml-1). Furthermore, both control and @entity6 subjects demonstrated an equal forearm vasodilator response to increasing infusion rates of the control vasodilator @entity1854 . We conclude that uncomplicated @entity1723 is associated with a specific reduction in the vascular responsiveness to atrial natriuretic factor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Impaired vasodilator response to atrial natriuretic factor in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusion strain']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['IDDM']


abstract: Subclavian @entity438 is a rare but serious disease due to the risk of @entity715 , embolization, @entity397 and compression of adjacent structures. Treatment consists of surgical and endovascular techniques. Up to now few long-term follow-up results have been reported. In our study the results from 15 @entity1 treated for subclavian @entity438 were evaluated. Eleven @entity1 underwent open surgical reconstruction, four @entity1 were treated endovascularly. After a mean follow-up period of 77 months (83 months for the open surgical group, 38 months for the endovascular group), 10 of 11 open surgical reconstructions and all primarily implanted stent grafts were patent. Secondary intervention was necessary in two @entity1 . Thirty-day mortality for both treatment groups was 0%. @entity438 disappeared in six out of 10 @entity1 after the treatment. Long-term outcomes with good technical results, patency rates and low periprocedural morbidity could be shown in both treatment groups.

title: Long-term outcome after surgical and endovascular management of true and false subclavian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysms', 'artery aneurysm', 'Subclavian artery aneurysm-related symptoms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['artery aneurysms']


abstract: A variety of pathways for electron and @entity505 flow in the soil bacterium @entity3881 are differentially expressed depending on whether @entity26 is present in the cell environment. This study characterizes the regulation of the respiratory oxidase cytochrome bd and the @entity2125 -linked fermentative @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH). Transcription of the cydABCD operon, encoding cytochrome bd, is highly regulated and only becomes activated at low @entity26 availability. This induction is not dependent on the gene encoding the redox regulator Fnr or the genes encoding the ResDE two-component regulatory system. The DNA-binding protein YdiH was found to be a principal regulator that controls cydABCD expression. Transcription from the cyd promoter is stimulated 15-fold by a region located upstream of the core promoter. The upstream region may constitute a binding site for an unidentified transcription activator that is likely to influence the level of transcription but not its timing, which is negatively controlled by YdiH. This report provides evidence that YdiH also functions as a repressor of the ldh gene encoding LDH and of a gene, ywcJ, which encodes a putative @entity5189 - @entity3542 transporter. Based on the similarity between YdiH and the Rex protein of @entity25068 , it is proposed that YdiH serves as a redox sensor, the activity of which is regulated by cellular differences in the free levels of @entity2125 + and @entity2125 . It is suggested that ydiH be renamed as rex.

title: Coordinated patterns of cytochrome bd and XXXX dehydrogenase expression in @entity3881 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity25068 :: ('1902', 'Species') :: ['Streptomyces coelicolor']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactate']


abstract: Secondary invasive @entity2381 is a well-recognized complication of the immunocompromised @entity1 . This case concerned a 52-y.o. male @entity1 affected by ANLL ( @entity1334 : M2). On day 10 after induction therapy the @entity1 , previously apyretic and asymptomatic, had an episode of acute @entity1353 with @entity221 (39 degrees C). Chest X-ray and pulmonary scintigram were compatible with a diagnosis of @entity1151 , and the @entity1 was started on heparin. On day 24 the @entity1 had persistent @entity158 with an ECG compatible with @entity583 . The @entity1 was transferred to the coronary unit and died on day 35 after a downhill course. Autopsy findings. Gross examination: multiple @entity1188 involving the whole left lung, the septal and anterior myocardial walls, the left kidney and the spleen. HISTOLOGY: @entity432 due only to intravascular hypha growth ( @entity54 ). This case emphasizes how much astrary the clinical picture can be and how far the fungal dissemination can extend.

title: Pulmonary and @entity583 secondary to XXXX by @entity54 in ANLL.

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['Aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['anginal pain']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many techniques have been used to treat palmar @entity1119 . @entity3190 is a difficult adverse effect. Clipping has been proposed because of its supposed reversibility when clips are removed at a later date. The primary aims of this article are to investigate the neuronal lesion of the sympathetic chain caused by clipping and to study the possibility of regeneration after removal of the clips. METHODS: We performed an experimental study at the Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre Jesus Uson in Caceres (Spain). We used a @entity1707 model, performing clipping, unclipping, and extirpation of different segments of sympathetic chain with clips and after clip removal, following a chronogram of 10, 20, and 30 days. Pathologic studies of specimens and statistics were done at the University of Seville. RESULTS: Ten days after clipping, all sympathetic chains displayed evident @entity6441 . Twenty days after clipping, @entity528 was more widespread and also more striking. Thirty days after clipping, a very marked macrophagic reaction was visible, with multiple signs of phagocytosis of @entity17 . By 30 days post operation and 20 days after clip removal, a few residual myelin and amyelinated fibers were visible. These findings suggest that axon regeneration is not possible. CONCLUSIONS: There are @entity6441 and axon loss 10 days after clipping. The almost total absence of @entity17 following clip removal suggests that there was no nerve regeneration, and that therefore clipping cannot be considered a reversible technique.

title: Sympathetic chain clipping for XXXX is not a reversible procedure.

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['myelin debris', 'myelinated and amyelinated fibers']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['Compensatory sweating']

entities_list: @entity6441 :: ('MESH:D014855', 'Disease') :: ['Wallerian degeneration']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Wallerian degeneration of myelinated fibers']

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['hyperhidrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Brucellosis is an anthropozoonotic disease with heterogeneous clinical presentations. This study aims to investigate the peripheral nervous system (PNS) involvement in @entity3377 .   METHODS: A total of 57 @entity1 with @entity3377 , and 42 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects were enrolled into the study. We performed motor conduction studies that included bilateral median, ulnar, tibial and peroneal nerves, and sensory nerve investigations from bilateral median, ulnar, radial, sural and medial plantar nerves.   RESULTS: Among @entity1 with @entity3377 , 21 had @entity1109 . Of these, 9 had abnormalities in nerve conduction studies. The electromyographic testing revealed @entity66 @entity1 without @entity1109 . Overall, 11 @entity1 (4 males, 7 females) with @entity3377 (19.3%) had @entity305 ( @entity305 ). The mean age of @entity1 with @entity305 was 52.63    19.06 years, being significantly higher than those without @entity305 (P = 0.006). The mean duration of @entity3377 was also longer in @entity1 with @entity305 , but not significant. The mean distal latency (DL) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) values were almost always longer in @entity1 with @entity3377 than controls, though not statistically significant.   CONCLUSION: Our results showed that @entity3377 causes clinical or subclinical peripheral @entity305 , and should therefore be considered as a cause of @entity305 , especially in endemic regions.

title: An electrophysiological study of peripheral @entity305 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in 2']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy', 'PNP']

answer: @entity3377 :: (MESH:D002006,Disease) :: ['brucellosis']