abstract: The adiponectin high molecular weight isoform (HMW-adp) and its relation with the other adiponectin isoforms (adiponectin index, S(A)), have been identified as essential for the adiponectin insulin sensitizing effects. The objective of this study is to gain further insight on the effect of the insulin sensitizing agents, @entity3725 -y agonists, on the distribution of the adiponectin isoforms and the adiponectin receptors, @entity10134 and @entity10135 in an animal model of @entity28 and insulin resistance. To achieve the objective, Zucker fatty @entity35 were treated with @entity12098 , @entity6170 or placebo for six weeks. At the end of the treatment, total adiponectin, adiponectin isoforms and adiponectin receptors expression were measured. In order to see the possible relation with insulin sensitivity parameters, HOMA-IR, muscle insulin-stimulated @entity413 transport, muscle @entity19617 and plasma free @entity1718 were also measured. The two @entity12721 improved insulin sensitivity and both muscle insulin-stimulated @entity413 transport and @entity19617 total content. Total plasma adiponectin and visceral fat HMW-adp were increased only by @entity12098 . On the other hand, both @entity12721 changed the distribution of adiponectin isoforms in plasma, leading to an increase in the S(A) of 21% by @entity12098 and 31% by @entity6170 . Muscle @entity10134 expression was increased by both @entity12721 whereas liver @entity10135 expression was increased by @entity6170 and tended to increase in the @entity12098 group. The insulin sensitizing action of @entity12721 is mediated, at least in part, by their effect on muscle insulin-stimulated @entity413 transport and by their direct influence on the adiponectin index and the adiponectin receptors expression.

title: The insulin sensitizing effects of @entity3725 -y agonist are associated to changes in adiponectin index and adiponectin receptors in Zucker fatty XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone']

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['rosiglitazone']

entities_list: @entity12721 :: ('MESH:D045162', 'Chemical') :: ['glitazones']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the treatment morbidity, functional outcome, and recurrence risk of @entity1 undergoing local excision and combined chemoradiation therapy for @entity189 . METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 underwent local excision of their @entity189 . Four @entity1 underwent local excision alone (T1-2, N0-X, low risk), 10 @entity1 underwent local excision with postoperative chemoradiation therapy using @entity1487 and @entity4181 (T1-2, N0-X, high risk), and 4 @entity1 underwent local excision, chemoradiation therapy, and six months of additional @entity1487 and @entity4181 (T3 or N1). RESULTS: Of the four @entity1 undergoing local excision alone, there was no treatment morbidity or alteration in functional outcome. Of the 14 @entity1 receiving chemoradiation therapy, three reported early Grade 3-4 @entity137 manifested by @entity2335 , @entity4272 , or perineal skin desquamation. At six months, two @entity1 reported persistent rectal urgency and occasional fecal @entity322 , and 11 @entity1 reported increasing stool frequency (average, 3: range, 2-8). The six months of additional @entity1487 and @entity4181 were well tolerated and did not appear to further affect functional outcome. There were no local recurrences, although one @entity1 developed distant metastatic disease. CONCLUSION: This treatment regimen, while generally well tolerated, is associated with significant acute @entity137 in certain @entity1 . We have identified specific causative factors which can be modified to decrease acute morbidity, including the elimination of @entity4181 during the combined chemoradiation therapy.

title: Local excision of XXXX . Early results with combined chemoradiation therapy using @entity1487 and @entity4181 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['proctitis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['rectal carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine whether the pituitary gland enlarges in @entity1 with @entity5325 ( @entity5325 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: All six @entity1 were @entity1 ranging in age from 17 to 51 years. They developed severe @entity10 that was completely relieved by lying flat, and MR imaging showed diffuse enhancement of the pachymeninx. They were clinically diagnosed with @entity5325 . The height of the pituitary gland was measured on midsagittal MR image. RESULTS: Pituitary heights ranged from 8 to 11 mm. The measurements were greater than the size of the normal pituitary gland in @entity1 described age-matched in the previous report. In one case, follow-up MR images showed that the size of the pituitary gland was decreased from 11 to 5 mm in height. CONCLUSION: The pituitary gland was enlarged in all six @entity1 with @entity5325 on MR images. @entity5325 may cause enlarged pituitary gland.

title: [Pituitary enlargement in XXXX on MRI].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity5325 :: ('MESH:D019585', 'Disease') :: ['SIH', 'spontaneous intracranial hypotension']

answer: @entity5325 :: (MESH:D019585,Disease) :: ['spontaneous intracranial hypotension']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of radiofrequency (RF) ablation for @entity96 located in the caudate lobe. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten @entity1 (46-79 years of age; median, 70 y), eight with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) and @entity82 and two with colorectal metastases in the caudate lobe, were treated with 5.8% @entity1219 tissue-perfused monopolar (n=7) or @entity162 (n=3) RF ablation. The median @entity5 diameter was 41 mm (range, 25-70 mm). Procedures were performed under ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) guidance in eight and two @entity1 , respectively. One month later, the treatment response was assessed by CT. RESULTS: Transhepatic right intercostal and transomental anterior epigastric routes were used for @entity5 puncture in eight and two @entity1 , respectively. The entire RF ablation treatment required one or two procedures (median, 1.5), including two to 15 electrode repositionings (median, 6). After RF ablation procedure, one @entity1 experienced @entity1087 that resolved spontaneously. In one @entity1 , CT follow-up showed asymptomatic segmental biliary duct dilations. Median total hospital stay was 3 days (range, 2-9 d). Complete ablation was achieved in nine of 10 @entity5 . In one @entity1 , @entity1068 ablation was necessary to complete RF ablation treatment. After a median follow up of 9.5 months (range, 5-25 mo), three @entity1 remained @entity5 -free and seven had @entity5 relapse: two local, four distant, and one mixed. Repeat RF ablation was successfully performed in four cases. CONCLUSION: RF ablation of @entity96 located in the caudate lobe is effective despite the deep location of @entity5 and the vicinity of major vessels.

title: Radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of XXXX in the caudate lobe.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity358 ( @entity358 ) in well-selected @entity1 with severe @entity2415 results in postoperative improvement in symptoms and pulmonary function. Experience with @entity358 suggests that predicted postoperative FEV(1.0) may be underestimated after lobectomy in @entity1 with @entity2 and @entity2415 . As most of the @entity1 with @entity2 have more or less emphysematous changes in the lungs, we assumed that lobectomy would achieve the same effect as @entity358 even in @entity1 without @entity1030 on the pulmonary function test. We assessed changes in pulmonary function in terms of 'volume reduction effect' after lobectomy for @entity2 . METHODS: Forty-three @entity1 underwent right upper lobectomy (RUL), 38 @entity1 @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ), 39 @entity1 right lower lobectomy (RLL), and 38 @entity1 left lower lobectomy (LLL). Pulmonary function tests were performed preoperatively and 6 months to 1 year after surgery. RESULTS: Percent change in FEV(1.0) after lobectomy was -6.9+/-16.1% in RUL group, -11.2+/-16.9% in @entity1002 group, -14.7+/-9.8% in RLL group, and -12.8+/-9.5% in LLL group. We evaluated the correlation between a preoperative FEV(1.0)% of predicted and percentage change in FEV(1.0) after lobectomy. There were no significant relationships between these variables in RLL or LLL group. In contrast, there were significant negative relationships between these variables in RUL and @entity1002 groups. Correlation coefficients were r = -0.667, p < 0.0001 for RUL and r = -0.712, p < 0.0001 for @entity1002 . In RUL and @entity1002 groups, @entity1 with a higher preoperative FEV(1.0)% of predicted had a more adverse percentage change in FEV(1.0) after surgery. In addition, all 13 @entity1 with a preoperative FEV(1.0)% of predicted <60% in RUL and @entity1002 groups had an increase in FEV(1.0) postoperatively. @entity1 with a lower preoperative FEV(1.0)% of predicted had a greater 'volume reduction effect' with an increase in FEV(1.0) after upper lobectomy. CONCLUSION: Upper lobectomy might have a volume reduction effect.

title: Assessment of pulmonary function after lobectomy for XXXX --upper lobectomy might have the same effect as lung volume reduction surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['LVRS', 'Lung volume reduction surgery']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left upper lobectomy', 'LUL']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: The modulation of contractile protein gene expression in @entity19 crural muscles (i.e., muscles located in the region between the knee and ankle) during the fetal period (defined as 15 days gestation to birth), resulting in diversity among and within these muscles, has been evaluated with in situ hybridization and correlated with morphogenetic events in the extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles. During the fetal period extensive secondary myotube formation occurs in the crural muscles, and the myotubes become innervated (Ontell and Kozeka [1984a,b] Am. J. Anat. 171:133-148, 149-161; Ontell et al. [1988a,b] Am. J. Anat. 181:267-278, 181:278-288). At 15 days gestation, hybridization with 35S-labeled antisense cRNA probes demonstrates the accumulation of transcripts for alpha-cardiac and alpha-skeletal actin; @entity48668 , @entity19759 , and @entity19759 , MHC pn, and MHC beta/slow. At 16 days gestation, accumulation of MHC emb transcripts is reduced (as compared with earlier developmental stages); intensity of signal following hybridization with the probe for alpha-skeletal actin is, for the first time, equal to that for the cardiac isoform; and @entity48684 mRNA accumulation is discernible. At this stage, variation in transcript accumulation for some mRNAs among and within crural muscles becomes evident. Two factors may play a role in the selective distribution of these transcripts: 1) the stage of muscle maturation; and 2) the future myofiber type. At 16 days gestation anterior crural muscles (which mature approximately 2 days before posterior crural muscles; Ontell and Kozeka [1984a,b], ibid., Ontell et al. [1988a,b], ibid.) exhibit a greater accumulation of transcripts for alpha-skeletal actin and for @entity19759 than is found in posterior crural muscles. In muscles that in the neonate are composed, in large part, of slow myofibers, MHC beta/slow and @entity48684 mRNAs accumulate in greater amounts, whereas MHC pn transcripts are less abundant in the soleus muscle than in other crural muscles. By 19 days gestation regionalization of transcript accumulation is more pronounced. The soleus muscle, a predominantly slow twitch muscle in the newborn @entity19 (Wirtz et al. [1983] J. Anat. 137:109-126) exhibits strong signal after hybridization with probes specific for MHC beta/slow and @entity48684 . While the level of transcript accumulation for the development isoforms, MHC emb, @entity48668 , and @entity40825 , is greatly reduced in most crural muscles at 19 days gestation, these transcripts persist in the soleus muscle at levels equal ot or exceeding their amount in limb muscles of 13 day gestation @entity19 embryos.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Modulation of contractile protein gene expression in fetal XXXX crural muscles: emergence of muscle diversity.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: The mechanism of exercise-induced benefit and angiogenesis in @entity741 remains poorly defined. This study was designed to investigate the effects of exercise training on the expression of angiogenic factors and angiogenesis in the @entity1188 [myocarial infaction (MI)]. Sixty-three male FVB @entity19 were used for study and were divided into subgroups to test the response to exercise: the time-dependent expression of angiogenic factors to exercise training in normal (group 1; n = 12) and @entity1188 (group 2; n = 15) and the exercise-induced angiogenic response in normal and @entity1188 (group 3; n = 20) as well as the impact of exercise preconditioning on @entity1188 (group 4; n = 26). Exercise training consisted of daily treadmill exercise for 1 h for 3 days. Expression of @entity1611 and its receptors @entity9842 and @entity11132 was upregulated by exercise training in @entity19 with MI. Exercise-induced @entity1611 expression in the MI group was higher than that in the sham (control) group. Cell proliferation assessment showed a significantly higher (P < 0.05) number of @entity1603 -positive cells in post-MI @entity19 in the exercise group as opposed to post-MI @entity19 in the sedentary group. @entity5045 staining revealed a profound difference in the size of MI (18.25 +/- 2.93%) in the exercise group versus the sedentary group (29.26 +/- 7.64%, P = 0.02). Moreover, exercise preconditioning before MI promoted @entity1611 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. In conclusion, activation of @entity1611 and its receptors occurs in the infarcted @entity19 heart in response to exercise, which results in decreased @entity1188 size and improved angiogenesis.

title: Exercise-induced expression of XXXX and salvation of myocardium in the early stage of myocardial infarction.

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarcted myocardium']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

answer: @entity1611 :: (22339(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['VEGF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity991 is a chronic @entity409 of unknown etiology. Immunologic and genetic factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, characterized by @entity82 involving bile ducts, which can progress to @entity2835 and @entity201 (8%-30%). @entity991 is frequently associated with @entity29 , especially @entity31 (60%-80%), which may require a proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal @entity254 if there is no response to therapy or the appearance of @entity694 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Among 1629 liver recipients from 1990 to 2008, 47 (2.9%) had @entity991 as the cause of @entity82 . Forty two percent of these also had associated @entity29 with 34% displaying @entity31 . Eight @entity1 died after liver transplantation (OLT) in the absence of recurrence of @entity991 . Among the remaining 39 @entity1 , 17 (43.6%) developed recurrent of @entity991 ; three required re-OLT, and among these three @entity1 , one developed another recurrence. After OLT, @entity31 persisted in an active state in eight @entity1 , requiring proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal @entity254 for three @entity1 (median time after OLT was 78.6 months). RESULTS: One of the three @entity1 who had proctocolectomy had an immediate complication, a pelvic @entity1410 , which required a surgical approach. One @entity1 developed acute @entity5042 15 months after OLT, medically treated with antibiotics and corticoids. Histology of the colectomy specimen demonstrated @entity14 in two @entity1 (pT3N0 and pT2N0) and high-grade @entity1141 in the remaining subjects. All @entity1 displayed a cure of their @entity1049 (median follow-up 14 months) despite two @entity1 developing recurrence of the @entity409 . CONCLUSION: Proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal @entity254 is safe in @entity1 who underwent OLT for @entity991 in association with @entity31 . If not surgically treated, @entity1 may receive immunosuppression to prevent rejection and disease recurrence, avoiding at the same time the occurrence of "de novo" @entity5 . @entity1 target or @entity3446 inhibitors may have an important role but this must be established with randomized controlled trials.

title: Proctocolectomy for @entity31 after liver transplantation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Mammalian', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['Sclerosing cholangitis', 'sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['cholestatic liver disease', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases', 'inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic disease']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity991 :: (MESH:D015209,Disease) :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9927 ( @entity9927 ) impairs cardiac function and @entity4025 is cardioprotective, possibly via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities. Previously, it was shown that @entity4025 protects against @entity9927 -induced @entity299 , but the molecular mechanism is not clear. METHODS: We measured cardiac function in @entity1707 exposed to @entity9927 alone in a first experiment or with and without @entity4025 (5 mg/kg/day) in a second experiment using echocardiography and compared this with proteomic changes. RESULTS: In the first experiment after 28 days, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and @entity64 volume were all impaired in @entity9927 @entity1707 compared with control @entity1707 , with @entity998 as early as 14 days. Depressed function corresponded to increased @entity32 , oxidative stress, and matrix metalloproteinase-2, but decreased intact myosin light chain 1 in @entity9927 compared with control @entity1707 at 28 days. In our second study after 14 days, two-dimensional electrophoresis detected 6 significantly increased protein spots in @entity9927 compared with control @entity1707 . Mass spectrometry identified 4 spots as fragments of sarcomeric protein (1 myosin light chain 1, 1 b-myosin heavy chain, and 2 myosin-7), and 2 spots as @entity413 metabolism enzymes (lactate and @entity2388 dehydrogenases). @entity4025 normalized the fragmented protein levels, but not the metabolic enzymes. At 14 days, matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity almost doubled in cardiac tissue from @entity9927 compared with control @entity1707 , and @entity4025 appeared to normalize it. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the ventricular differences in protein expression might explain the mechanism by which @entity9927 reduces critical hemodynamic parameters through the degradation of sarcomeres, appearing to be prevented by @entity4025 administration.

title: XXXX protects against functional impairment and @entity299 induced by secondhand smoke exposure.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac output significantly depressed']

entities_list: @entity9927 :: ('MESH:D015208', 'Disease') :: ['SHS', 'Secondhand smoke']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4025 :: ('MESH:C059514', 'Chemical') :: ['resveratrol', 'Resveratrol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity4025 :: (MESH:C059514,Chemical) :: ['Resveratrol']


abstract: The @entity137 and toxicokinetics of a novel proton pump inhibitor, @entity50915 (LZB), were investigated in @entity235 by daily oral administration for 13 consecutive weeks. Three test groups received doses of 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg/day of LZB. @entity7619 of 60 mg/kg/day was used as positive control. The 13-week repeated oral doses of LZB resulted in objective signs of mild @entity344 for high-dose group animals. One individual @entity235 of high-dose group was found to be lethargy and astasia at the last month of administration; for hematology, mild @entity417 was observed at high-dose females; for clinical chemistry, higher cholest, trigly and @entity16340 were observed at high-dose females, higher @entity14713 , ALAT, @entity165 , @entity412 and @entity16340 at high-dose males were also observed; for histopathology, the primary effects of LZB were related to gastric mucosa of high-dose group seen by H and E or Grimelius stain. Impairment of surface epithelium was observed by SEM. The treat-related effects basically were reversible for a 4-week drug-free period. As for positive control group, 13-week oral administration of @entity7619 resulted in more severe @entity137 than high-dose group of LZB although much lower dose was employed. The accumulation of LZB after 13-week oral administration was not notable at the toxic dose of 300 mg/kg/day. The toxic dose was considered to be 100mg/kg/day and the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) to be 30 mg/kg/day, which is much higher than other PPIs. The toxicological target could be stomach, @entity3002 .

title: @entity137 and toxicokinetics of LZB, a new proton pump inhibitor, after 13-week repeated oral administration in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'subchronic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['beagle dogs', 'dog']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['liver, hematological system and nervous system']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disturbance']

entities_list: @entity7619 :: ('MESH:C063129', 'Chemical') :: ['Rabeprazole', 'rabeprazole']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity50915 :: ('MESH:C527452', 'Chemical') :: ['pymeprazole']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Binding of peptides to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules is the single most selective step in the recognition of pathogens by the cellular immune system. The @entity1 MHC genomic region (called HLA) is extremely polymorphic comprising several thousand alleles, each encoding a distinct MHC molecule. The potentially unique specificity of the majority of HLA alleles that have been identified to date remains uncharacterized. Likewise, only a limited number of @entity831 and @entity2608 MHC class I molecules have been characterized experimentally. Here, we present NetMHCpan-2.0, a method that generates quantitative predictions of the affinity of any peptide-MHC class I interaction. NetMHCpan-2.0 has been trained on the hitherto largest set of quantitative MHC binding data available, covering HLA-A and HLA-B, as well as @entity831 , @entity2608 , @entity17056 , and @entity19 MHC class I molecules. We show that the NetMHCpan-2.0 method can accurately predict binding to uncharacterized HLA molecules, including @entity18698 and @entity6393 . Moreover, NetMHCpan-2.0 is demonstrated to accurately predict peptide binding to @entity831 and macaque MHC class I molecules. The power of NetMHCpan-2.0 to guide immunologists in interpreting cellular immune responses in large out-bred populations is demonstrated. Further, we used NetMHCpan-2.0 to predict potential binding peptides for the @entity1707 MHC class I molecule @entity48115 *0401. Ninety-three percent of the predicted peptides were demonstrated to bind stronger than 500 nM. The high performance of NetMHCpan-2.0 for non- @entity1 primates documents the method's ability to provide broad allelic coverage also beyond @entity1 MHC molecules. The method is available at http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetMHCpan.

title: NetMHCpan, a method for MHC class I binding prediction beyond XXXX .

entities_list: @entity831 :: ('9598', 'Species') :: ['chimpanzee']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus macaque']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Adequate treatment of @entity308 during pregnancy is very important for maternal, fetal and neonatal health. Selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly used antidepressants. According to one American study, approximately 7% of pregnant @entity1 were prescribed an SSRI in 2004-2005. First trimester use of SSRIs, as a group, is unlikely to increase the risk of @entity600 . @entity903 may be associated with a small increased risk of @entity299 , but evidence remains inconclusive. Fetal exposure to SSRIs closer to time of birth may result in respiratory, motor, central nervous system and @entity344 in about 10% to 30% of newborns (SSRI neonatal behaviour syndrome). These symptoms are usually mild and transient. @entity120 of the newborn is an extremely rare consequence of fetal exposure. This information should be used to make individual risk-benefit decisions when considering the treatment of @entity308 during pregnancy. Newborns with late-pregnancy exposure to SSRIs should be observed in hospital for at least 48 h.

title: Selective XXXX reuptake inhibitors in pregnancy and @entity1 outcomes.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['Paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['Persistent pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac malformations']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: We reviewed 37 referred, atypical, subcutaneous @entity362 . There was a male preponderance (28:9). The median age was 51.5 years (26-83); the median duration of symptoms was 18 months (three weeks to 35 years); the median size was 5.5 cm (1.5-20) and the posterior cervico-dorsal areas (17 cases) was the commonest location. We divided @entity5 into five histological categories: (1) subcutaneous fibrolipomas with slight fibroblastic atypia (five cases); (2) subcutaneous spindle cell lipomas with atypia (mixed @entity362 ) without lipoblasts (three cases); (3) subcutaneous @entity362 (pure @entity362 ) without lipoblasts (nine cases); (4) subcutaneous @entity362 ( @entity362 ) with lipoblasts (17 cases); (5) subcutaneous @entity362 with poorly differentiated or de-differentiated areas (three cases). Follow-up information was obtained in 25 cases (68%). The follow-up times were from three to 192 months (median 31). @entity5 (20%) recurred, two as the same and three as a higher histological category. Two were originally referred because of a recurrence. Four recurred once and one, initially a category 4 @entity5 , recurred twice as a category 5 @entity5 . Two category 1 and three category 4 @entity5 recurred. There were no recurrences in the other three groups. All recurrent @entity5 were located outside the cervico-dorsal areas. The sizes of two @entity5 that recurred were 2.8 and 3 cm and the time to first recurrence was from one to 85 months. Two recurrent @entity5 of high histological category were controlled by re-excision and either radiotherapy or combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This series suggests that atypical subcutaneous @entity362 comprise a continuous and potentially transforming histological spectrum, which ranges from mildly atypical fibrolipomas through various mixed spindle cell and @entity362 patterns to @entity5 indistinguishable from de-differentiated @entity1821 . Despite a sometimes alarming histological appearance, none in the present series metastasized.

title: XXXX : a review of 37 referred cases.

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['fatty tumors', 'atypical well-differentiated fatty tumors', 'spindle cell/pleomorphic lipomas', 'pleomorphic lipoma', 'atypical fatty tumors', 'pleomorphic lipomas']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Five tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity362 :: (MESH:D008067,Disease) :: ['Atypical subcutaneous fatty tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal level of counseling and frequency of attendance for medication distribution has not been established for the primary care, office-based @entity4783 - @entity1510 treatment of @entity4784 . METHODS: We conducted a 24-week randomized, controlled clinical trial with 166 @entity1 assigned to one of three treatments: standard medical management and either once-weekly or thrice-weekly medication dispensing or enhanced medical management and thrice-weekly medication dispensing. Standard medical management was brief, manual-guided, medically focused counseling; enhanced management was similar, but each session was extended. The primary outcomes were the self-reported frequency of illicit opioid use, the percentage of opioid-negative urine specimens, and the maximum number of consecutive weeks of abstinence from illicit opioids. RESULTS: The three treatments had similar efficacies with respect to the mean percentage of opioid-negative urine specimens (standard medical management and once-weekly medication dispensing, 44 percent; standard medical management and thrice-weekly medication dispensing, 40 percent; and enhanced medical management and thrice-weekly medication dispensing, 40 percent; P=0.82) and the maximum number of consecutive weeks during which @entity1 were abstinent from illicit opioids. All three treatments were associated with significant reductions from baseline in the frequency of illicit opioid use, but there were no significant differences among the treatments. The proportion of @entity1 remaining in the study at 24 weeks did not differ significantly among the @entity1 receiving standard medical management and once-weekly medication dispensing (48 percent) or thrice-weekly medication dispensing (43 percent) or enhanced medical management and thrice-weekly medication dispensing (39 percent) (P=0.64). Adherence to @entity4783 - @entity1510 treatment varied; increased adherence was associated with improved treatment outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 receiving @entity4783 - @entity1510 in primary care for @entity4784 , the efficacy of brief weekly counseling and once-weekly medication dispensing did not differ significantly from that of extended weekly counseling and thrice-weekly dispensing. Strategies to improve @entity4783 - @entity1510 adherence are needed. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00023283 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).

title: Counseling plus @entity4783 - XXXX maintenance therapy for @entity4784 .

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid dependence']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

answer: @entity1510 :: (MESH:D009270,Chemical) :: ['naloxone']


abstract: To determine when and how @entity438 causing mass effect change following endovascular treatment, we used MRI to assess @entity1 for 2-3 years after the interventional procedure. Nine @entity1 who had @entity439 compressing the surrounding structures underwent endovascular treatment. Proximal occlusion of the parent artery was performed in seven cases, and in two the @entity439 was embolised with microcoils. After embolisation, signal intensity within @entity439 tended to be high on both T1- and T2-weighted images. When there was rapid reduction in size high-signal zones within @entity439 became isointense or gave low signal on T1-weighted images. On T2-weighted images, isointense or low-signal foci appeared within high-signal areas in the @entity439 , giving mixed intensity. In typical cases, the mean volume of the @entity439 fell to approximately 30% of its initial value 2-12 months after treatment. After this, no additional reduction was observed. The @entity439 which showed little signal intensity change tended to shrink more slowly and to a lesser degree than the more typical cases. @entity439 which gave high signal on both T1- and T2-weighted images early following embolisation shrank more quickly than those showing little signal change.

title: Magnetic resonance signal intensity and volume changes after endovascular treatment of XXXX causing mass effect.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: In a series of 135 @entity1 with @entity1358 (followed up for a mean of 9.5 years), a variety of clinical and histological factors were analyzed in relation to morphometric measurements of the nuclear parameters in the primary @entity5 to establish their value as prognostic factors. Clinical, histological and morphometric factors were significantly interrelated in that the metastatic high-grade @entity5 had larger nuclei, larger variation in nuclear size and shape, and were also rapidly proliferating. In a univariate analysis, the most important clinical predictor of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was T category, followed by combined nuclear grade, N category, nuclear grade, @entity5 size, sex and M category. The most important quantitative predictor of @entity1349 was the mean area of the 10 largest nuclei (NA10), the mean of the longest nuclear axis (Dmax), SD of nuclear area (SDNA), the volume-corrected mitotic index (M/V index), inflammatory-cell reaction, SD of nuclear perimetry (SDPE), and the mean of nuclear area (NA). M category, T category, combined nuclear grade, nuclear grade and N category were significantly related to @entity1 survival. Of the quantitative variables, M/V index, Dmax and NA were significant predictors of survival in a univariate analysis. Females had longer @entity1349 than @entity1 , and density of @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) referred to an increased risk of recurrent @entity5 in both sexes. In a multivariate analysis, the @entity1349 was independently predicted by the clinical stage, female sex and mitotic frequency/mm2, while nuclear parameters or nuclear grading had no independent prognostic value. The extent of the primary @entity5 was the single most important determinant of survival, followed by the proliferation rate of the @entity5 . In local T1-2NOMO @entity5 , mitotic frequency/mm2 was the only independent prognostic factor for @entity1349 . The clinical stage, mitotic frequency/mm2, nuclear grade and density of TIL were independent predictors in Cox's analysis. In these @entity5 , mitotic frequency/mm2 of neoplastic epithelium was the only independent prognostic factor. The results indicate that although an accurate prognostic evaluation of @entity1358 can be based on subjective nuclear grading and histoquantitative measurements of nuclear parameters, the simple assessment of mitotic frequency alone supplies most of the prognostic data, particularly in @entity5 .

title: The value of histoquantitative measurements in prognostic assessment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal-cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: To determine how to treat silent @entity5990 in the elderly, 1771 autopsied cases 65 years of age or older were studied retrospectively, and 121 cases with asymptomatic @entity1085 were followed for over 3 years. Of these, 47 cases treated with @entity10055 (UDC) for over 3 years were investigated to determine the efficacy of UDC therapy. In the autopsied cases, the incidence of @entity1085 was 16%, and increased with age. The ratio of males to females was 1:1.2. Only 3.2% of @entity1 with silent @entity5990 developed symptoms. Autopsy studies showed that the majority of @entity1 with @entity5990 died of unrelated causes such as benign respiratory and circulatory diseases. Only 1.8% of @entity1 with @entity5990 died of acute @entity2679 or @entity1086 . UDC treatment was effective in 55.9% of @entity1 with radiolucent stones. The percentage of @entity1 requiring surgery due to becoming symptomatic was much lower (6.4%) in UDC-treated @entity1 . The visualization of the gallbladder on cholecystogram improved in cases treated with UDC. These results indicate that elderly @entity1 with silent @entity5990 generally develop neither symptoms nor @entity189 . Therefore, follow-up management by ultrasonography and cholecystography can be allowed. We also emphasized that a satisfactory response was obtained with long term UDC therapy.

title: [Natural history and URSO dissolution therapy of XXXX in the elderly].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder stones']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity10055 :: ('MESH:D014580', 'Chemical') :: ['ursodeoxycholic acid']

answer: @entity1085 :: (MESH:D005705,Disease) :: ['gallbladder stones']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish the method to identify @entity1 testicular spermatogenic cells. METHODS: Cells were dispersed by mechanic disintegration on testicular biopsy samples of obstructive azoospermic @entity1 . Diff-Quik staining was applied to mixed cell smears. Live cells were observed under inverted microscope equipped with Hoffman modulation contrast optics, and classified according to their morphology. Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) using chromosome 17 centromere probe and anti-c-kit immunocytochemistry staining were applied to classified cell smears. RESULTS: Sertoli cell, @entity2969 ( @entity2969 ), spermatogonia, round spermatid were the main four round cell groups that can be classified under Hoffman optics. In CISH, Sertoli cell, @entity2969 and spermatogonia displayed 2 centromere signals, while round spermatid and elongated spermatid/sperm displayed 1 centromere signal. In immunocytochemistry staining, @entity2969 and spermatogonia displayed positive staining, while Sertoli cell, round spermatid and sperm displayed negative staining. CONCLUSION: Dispersed @entity1 testicular cells displayed different characteristics in live/staining morphology, ploidy analysis, cell surface membrane antigen expression. All of these methods can be chosen to identify @entity1 testicular spermatogenic cells at different stages, while cell morphology classifying under Hoffman optics is a simple and effective method for live cell identification.

title: [Identification of XXXX testicular spermatogenic cells at different stages].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2969 :: ('MESH:C563236', 'Disease') :: ['primary pachytene spermatocyte', 'PPS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is an @entity792 and associated with other diseases such as cardiovascular, @entity101 , and @entity6 . AIM: Our aim was to explore the prevalence of @entity6 and @entity101 in psoriatic @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between April 2008 and May 2010, a total of 304 psoriatic and 300 nonpsoriatic @entity1 were enrolled in this cross sectional study. Data were obtained on age, sex, weight, heights, etc; documented medical history of @entity6 and @entity101 ; family history of @entity6 and @entity101 in first relatives, history of smoking. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in age and gender distribution between two groups. There was also no difference in body mass index between two groups. Within psoriatic group, 79.3% of @entity1 present with plaque type of the disease and 20.7% present with other types. The results showed that within psoriatic @entity1 , the prevalence of @entity6 in @entity1 is significantly higher than in @entity1 (OR=1.93, CI95%: 1.1-3.6, P=0.004) but this difference is not present in nonpsoriatic @entity1 . The results also showed that the prevalence of @entity6 in psoriatic @entity1 is significantly higher than nonpsoriatic @entity1 (OR=1.76, CI95%: 1.11-2.8, P=0.015). The data showed that psoriatic @entity1 were more likely to develop @entity101 compared with nonpsoriatic @entity1 (OR=2.2, CI95%: 1.2-4.6, P=0.003). According to results, although smoking rate within psoriatic @entity1 is higher than the other group but the difference was not significant. CONCLUSION: Psoriatic @entity1 have an increased risk of developing @entity209 and @entity101 in comparison to nonpsoriatic @entity1 .

title: Psoriasis and increased prevalence of @entity101 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune skin disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Many @entity1 are exposed to preservatives/biocides based on @entity16881 / @entity16880 (MCI/MI), since toiletries and cosmetics, as well as products/water-based systems used occupationally, may all contain MCI/MI. In toiletries and cosmetics, the MCI/MI concentration is often below 15 ppm (0.0015%). In some industries, workers handle high concentrations of MCI/MI, which can cause chemical burns and induce sensitization if skin is exposed. Contact @entity566 to MCI/MI is common and reports on chemical burns have been published. Thus, there is a need for prevention of @entity272 caused by MCI/MI. The inactivation of MCI/MI by @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) in emollients, containing different amounts of lipids, was studied by HPLC. Various amounts of @entity2197 were added to Fenuril, Essex, and Locobase, giving 3 preparations of each emollient containing 0.10%, 0.50% and 2.0% @entity2197 , respectively. The inactivation of 15 ppm MCI/MI and the total inactivating capacity of @entity2197 in these preparations, kept at room temperature and refrigerated, was studied over a period of 6 months. The inactivating capacity of @entity2197 in the emollients was almost equivalent, regardless of the lipid contents of the emollients, type of storage and age. On the other hand, the @entity2197 concentration in the emollients had a crucial importance on the inactivation of MCI/MI. Emollients containing 2% @entity2197 were capable of inactivating up to 2400 ppm MCI/MI.

title: Can XXXX -containing emollients inactivate @entity16881 / @entity16880 ?

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin diseases']

entities_list: @entity16880 :: ('MESH:C011506', 'Chemical') :: ['methylisothiazolinone']

entities_list: @entity16881 :: ('MESH:C011421', 'Chemical') :: ['methylchloroisothiazolinone']

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['glutathione']


abstract: To clarify the changes in bronchial cartilage in diseased airways, we performed morphometric analysis of airways in autopsied lungs of 16 @entity1 with chronic @entity3617 (Group CB), @entity2542 (Group PE), and @entity565 (Group BA), and in control @entity1 without @entity1576 (Group CN). Although @entity528 was clearly observed in airways from all groups except Group CN, the most extreme change was seen in Group CB. Increased perichondrial @entity82 was observed in both Groups CB and BA, and the more extreme change was seen in Group BA. Both the area proportions of degenerated cartilage (Deg%) and perichondrial @entity82 (Fib%) to total cartilage in bronchi (3 to 8 mm in diameter), cut vertically in the cross-section profile, were measured with a digitizing tablet coupled to a computer. No significant differences in the area proportion of cartilage to bronchial wall were observed among the four study groups. The Deg% values of Groups CB (mean: 15.4%), BA (mean: 12.9%), and PE (mean: 9.6%) were significantly higher than those of Group CN (mean: 1.0%) (p < 0.01 in each case). The Deg% values correlated significantly with the number of neutrophils in the bronchial walls (r = 0.63, p < 0. 01). Both Group CB (mean: 28.5%) and Group BA (mean: 33.6%) showed significantly higher values of Fib% than did Group CN (mean: 18.5%) (p < 0.01, each), and the value for Group PE (mean: 21.8%) was slightly increased (p < 0.05). The values of Fib% correlated significantly with the number of eosinophils in the bronchial walls (r = 0.51, p < 0.05), thickness of basement membrane (r = 0.77, p < 0.0002), bronchial gland area (r = 0.56, p < 0.02), and goblet-cell area (r = 0.55, p < 0.02). Further, the values of Deg% correlated significantly with those of Fib% (r = 0.64, p < 0.01). These findings indicate that airways in @entity1030 and @entity565 have both degenerative changes in the cartilage (chondrocytes) and increased perichondrial @entity82 , and that these alterations in bronchial cartilage may differ in chronic @entity3617 and @entity565 .

title: Morphometric analysis of bronchial cartilage in XXXX and @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of bronchial cartilage']

entities_list: @entity2542 :: ('MESH:D011656', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emphysema']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: The natural switch from fever to @entity2332 observed in the most severe cases of systemic @entity32 is a phenomenon that continues to puzzle clinicians and scientists. The present study was the first to evaluate in direct experiments how the development of @entity2332 vs. fever during severe forms of systemic @entity32 impacts the pathophysiology of this malady and mortality rates in @entity35 . Following administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 5 or 18 mg/kg) or of a clinical @entity526 isolate (5   10(9) or 1   10(10) CFU/kg), @entity2332 developed in @entity35 exposed to a mildly cool environment, but not in @entity35 exposed to a warm environment; only fever was revealed in the warm environment. Development of @entity2332 instead of fever @entity5694 in @entity526 -infected @entity35 , but not in LPS-injected @entity35 . The infiltration of the lungs by neutrophils was similarly suppressed in @entity526 -infected @entity35 of the hypothermic group. These potentially beneficial effects came with costs, as @entity2332 increased @entity409 . Furthermore, the @entity551 responses to LPS or @entity526 were exaggerated in @entity35 of the hypothermic group. This exaggeration, however, occurred independently of changes in inflammatory cytokines and @entity2918 . Despite possible costs, development of @entity2332 lessened @entity881 and reduced overall mortality rates in both the @entity526 and LPS models. By demonstrating that naturally occurring @entity2332 is more advantageous than fever in severe forms of aseptic (LPS-induced) or septic ( @entity526 -induced) systemic @entity32 , this study provides new grounds for the management of this @entity558 .

title: Naturally occurring XXXX is more advantageous than fever in severe forms of lipopolysaccharide- and @entity526 -induced systemic @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['deadly condition']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['suppressed endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial burden in the liver']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal organ dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: Breast conservation therapy (BCT) consisting of lumpectomy and postoperative radiation has become an accepted alternative to mastectomy (MRM) for the treatment of early stage @entity0 . We currently report the 25 year outcomes of a single institution, prospective, randomized clinical trial at the National @entity5 Institute. 237 @entity1 with pathologically confirmed invasive @entity0 5 cm or less were accrued between 1979 and 1987 and randomized to receive either BCT or MRM. Overall survival was the primary endpoint. @entity1 with node positive disease were included and treated with @entity632 and @entity786 . Both arms received axillary dissection. BCT @entity1 had radiation to the whole breast followed by a boost. At a median follow-up of 25.7 years, overall survival was 43.8% for the MRM group and 37.9% for BCT (P = 0.38). Although the cumulative incidence of a disease-free survival event was higher in BCT @entity1 (29.0% MRM vs. 56.4% BCT, P = 0.0017), the additional treatment failures were primarily isolated ipsilateral @entity0 recurrences (IBTR's) requiring salvage mastectomy. 22.3% of BCT @entity1 experienced an IBTR. Distant disease and second @entity5 were similar in both arms. After 25 years, long term survival between BCT and MRM continues to be similar in @entity1 treated for early stage @entity0 . @entity1 receiving BCT may be at risk for additional treatment-related morbidity, which may occur as a late event. Further studies are required to delineate @entity1 at higher risk for these events, and prolonged follow up should be encouraged after treatment for all @entity1 .

title: Twenty-five year results of the national XXXX institute randomized breast conservation trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine rates of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, @entity693 , and readmission in pediatric and adult @entity1 with isolated @entity25952 . STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of a statewide database. SUBJECTS: @entity1 with isolated @entity25952 (1995-2010). METHODS: @entity1 were identified within the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development database using ICD-9 diagnosis codes. RESULTS: A total of 3563 pediatric and 10,761 adult @entity1 met inclusion criteria. In-hospital rates of @entity693 (0.48% and 0.64%, P = .3360) and CSF leak (2.33% and 1.75%, P = .0270) were similar among @entity1 and adults, respectively. Rates of 90-day @entity693 (0.17% and 0.37%, P = .0714) and CSF leak (0.40% and 0.40%, P = .9823) were also similar. Thirty-day readmission was 4.6% for @entity1 compared with 12.4% for adults (P < .001). For both pediatric and adult @entity1 , extra-axial @entity1410 (odds ratio [OR] [confidence interval {CI}] 1.65 [1.05-2.59] and 1.61 [1.34-1.95]) and comorbidities (OR [CI] 2.19 [1.11-4.34] and 1.28 [1.04-1.59]) were associated with significant increases in 30-day readmission. @entity909 greater than 1 hour (OR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.53-6.08) and CSF leak (OR, 3.28; 95% CI, 1.41-7.64) increased the likelihood of pediatric readmissions. Lack of insurance (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.50-0.90) and female gender (OR 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70-0.99) reduced the likelihood of adult readmission. CONCLUSION: @entity693 and CSF leak following isolated @entity25952 are uncommon. Readmission within 30 days was more common in adults than in @entity1 . CSF leak, @entity1410 , and @entity909 increased the likelihood of readmission in @entity1 . @entity1504 , male gender, having insurance, and comorbidities increased the likelihood of readmission in adults.

title: Outcomes of isolated XXXX : readmission, @entity693 , and cerebrospinal fluid leak.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity25952 :: ('MESH:D020205', 'Disease') :: ['basilar skull fracture', 'basilar skull fractures']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged loss of consciousness', 'Loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['Meningitis', 'meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['Intracranial injury']

answer: @entity25952 :: (MESH:D020205,Disease) :: ['basilar skull fracture']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is the most common @entity943 , however the mechanism(s) causing @entity955 remain poorly understood and therapy is suboptimal. The @entity8452 receptor ( @entity23395 ) is the major @entity460 ( @entity141 ) release channel on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) required for excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscle. OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we sought to determine whether intracellular diastolic SR Ca2+ leak via @entity23395 plays a role in triggering @entity955 and whether inhibiting this leak can prevent @entity955 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We generated 3 knock-in @entity19 with mutations introduced into @entity23395 that result in leaky channels and cause exercise induced @entity1165 in @entity1 [ @entity1165 ( @entity1165 )]. We examined @entity955 susceptibility in these three @entity1165 @entity19 models harboring @entity23395 mutations to explore the role of diastolic SR Ca2+ leak in @entity955 . @entity955 was stimulated with an intra-esophageal burst pacing protocol in the 3 @entity1165 @entity19 models ( @entity23395 - @entity45773 +/-, 70%; @entity23395 - @entity45774 +/-, 60%; @entity23395 - @entity45775 +/-, 35.71%) but not in @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 (P<0.05). Consistent with these in vivo results, there was a significant diastolic SR Ca2+ leak in atrial myocytes isolated from the @entity1165 @entity19 models. @entity45776 ( @entity45776 ) is an @entity23395 subunit that stabilizes the closed state of @entity23395 and prevents a @entity141 leak through the channel. Atrial @entity23395 from @entity23395 - @entity45773 +/- @entity19 were oxidized, and the @entity23395 macromolecular complex was depleted of @entity45776 . The Rycal drug S107 stabilizes the closed state of @entity23395 by inhibiting the oxidation/phosphorylation induced dissociation of @entity45776 from the channel. S107 reduced the diastolic SR Ca2+ leak in atrial myocytes and decreased burst pacing-induced @entity955 in vivo. S107 did not reduce the increased prevalence of burst pacing-induced @entity955 in @entity45776 -deficient @entity19 , confirming that @entity45776 is required for the mechanism of action of the drug. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that @entity23395 -mediated diastolic SR Ca2+ leak in atrial myocytes is associated with @entity955 in @entity1165 @entity19 . Moreover, the Rycal S107 inhibited diastolic SR Ca2+ leak through @entity23395 and pacing-induced @entity955 associated with @entity1165 mutations.

title: @entity460 leak through @entity8452 receptors leads to @entity955 in 3 XXXX models of @entity1165 .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['polymorphic ventricular tachycardia', 'catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia', 'CPVT']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical features of Chinese @entity1 with @entity14300 ( @entity14300 ). METHODS: An observational serial case study was conducted for 22 @entity1 diagnosed as @entity14300 at Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital from December 2003 through December 2011. Sixteen @entity1 (72.7%) were males and 6 @entity1 (27.3%) were females. Their age range was 4-73 years old. All of them underwent detailed ocular examinations including electroretinogram (ERG). Thirteen @entity1 underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) while 9 had @entity227 ( @entity227 ) testing. Medical and family history was recorded. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 had a positive family history. Thirteen @entity1 (59.1%) complained of a poor night vision. Best corrected visual acuity was < 0.8 in both eyes for 16 @entity1 (72.7%). There were @entity346 (n = 4) and strabismus (n = 4). Except for 1 complicated with background @entity6 , all other @entity1 showed normal or myopic fundi. Nine @entity1 revealed @entity227 . Twenty-one (95.5%) @entity1 had Schubert-Bornstein type negative ERG while another one had Riggs type ERG. Among 21 Schubert-Bornstein type @entity1 , 13 (61.9%) @entity1 showed complete type @entity14300 and 8 (38.1%) were of incomplete @entity14300 . Before referral to our tertiary hospital, only 2 @entity1 were suspected as @entity14300 . The common primary diagnoses included pathogenic @entity1714 , @entity4457 and @entity6391 . CONCLUSION: @entity14300 is frequently misdiagnosed in China. Poor visual acuity is one of the major complaints. And around 50% @entity14300 @entity1 experience night vision problem. Complete @entity14300 is more common than incomplete type in China.

title: [Clinical features of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field', 'VF', 'peripheral visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity14300 :: ('MESH:C536122', 'Disease') :: ['CSNB', 'congenital stationary night blindness']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity14300 :: (MESH:C536122,Disease) :: ['congenital stationary night blindness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine predictors of opioid abstinence in @entity4783 / @entity1510 (Bup/ @entity3696 )-assisted psychosocial treatment for opioid-dependent youth. METHOD: Secondary analyses were performed of data from 152 youth (15-21 years old) randomly assigned to 12 weeks of extended Bup/ @entity3696 therapy or up to 2 weeks of Bup/ @entity3696 detoxification with weekly individual and group drug counseling. @entity2357 models were constructed to identify baseline and during-treatment predictors of opioid-positive urine (OPU) at week 12. Predictors were selected based on significance or trend toward significance (i.e., p < .1), and backward stepwise selection was used, controlling for treatment group, to produce final independent predictors at p  <= .05. RESULTS: Youth presenting to treatment with previous 30-day injection drug use and more active medical/psychiatric problems were less likely to have a week-12 OPU. Those with early treatment opioid abstinence (i.e., weeks 1 and 2) and those who received additional nonstudy treatments during the study were less likely to have a week-12 OPU and those not completing 12 weeks of treatment were more likely to have an OPU. CONCLUSIONS: Youth with @entity1442 (i.e., reporting injection drug use and additional health problems) and those receiving ancillary treatments to augment study treatment were more likely to have lower opioid use. Treatment success in the first 2 weeks and completion of 12 weeks of treatment were associated with lower rates of OPU. These findings suggest that youth with @entity1442 respond well to Bup/ @entity3696 treatment and identify options for tailoring treatment for opioid-dependent youth presenting at community-based settings. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION: @entity4783 / @entity1510 -Facilitated Rehabilitation for Opioid Dependent Adolescents; http://www.clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00078130.

title: Predictors of abstinence: National Institute of Drug Abuse multisite @entity4783 / XXXX treatment trial in opioid-dependent youth.

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone', 'naloxone']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine', 'Buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced illness']

answer: @entity1510 :: (MESH:D009270,Chemical) :: ['naloxone']


abstract: @entity375 mating type switching is a gene conversion event that exhibits donor preference. MATa cells choose HMLalpha for recombination, and MATalpha cells choose HMRa. Donor preference is controlled by the recombination enhancer (RE), located between HMLalpha and MATa on the left arm of chromosome III. A number of a-cell specific noncoding RNAs are transcribed from the RE locus. @entity32350 and @entity23470 regulate RE activity in a cells. Here we show that @entity32350 binding is required for both the transcription of the noncoding RNAs and @entity23470 binding. This requirement can be bypassed by inserting another promoter into the RE. Moreover, the insertion of this promoter increases donor preference and opens the chromatin structure around the conserved domains of RE. Additionally, we determined that the level of @entity23470 binding positively correlates with the level of donor preference. We conclude that the role of @entity32350 in RE is to open chromatin around the conserved domains and activate transcription; this facilitates @entity23470 binding and the level of this binding determines the level of donor preference.

title: XXXX recombination enhancer is stimulated by transcription activation.

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Yeast']


abstract: A 70-year-old @entity1 with @entity299 was referred to our hospital because of exertional chest @entity158 accompanied by @entity63 changes on electrocardiography on April 2, 1997. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a normal size and normally contracted left ventricle without @entity1184 and "granular sparkling" quality of the myocardium, thickening of the mitral and tricuspid valves, and enlargement of the left atrium with reduced booster pump function. Pulsed Doppler mitral inflow velocity wave showed a pseudonormalized pattern, and pulmonary venous flow velocity wave showed a non-compliant pattern. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed thickening and reduced movement of the interatrial septum and reduced flow velocity in the left atrial appendage, suggesting left @entity409 . @entity855 ( @entity855 ) stress thallium-201 @entity296 showed reversible patchy defect mainly in the posterolateral wall. @entity1002 were mildly elevated. Angiography showed normal coronary arteries, but coronary flow reserve measured by administering intravenous @entity855 in the left anterior descending artery was severely impaired. A rectal biopsy specimen was positive by Congo red staining. Thus, @entity951 in this @entity1 may be due to amyloid infiltration of the small intramural coronary arteries. @entity1002 are important clues to diagnose @entity299 .

title: [ @entity299 with XXXX : a case report].

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial scintigraphy']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular end-diastolic and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures', 'Atrioventricular valve thickening and left atrial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['atrial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular valve thickening and left atrial dysfunction']


abstract: We have examined the ability of different neurotrophic and growth factors to prevent axotomy-induced motoneuron cell @entity204 in the developing @entity19 spinal cord. After postnatal unilateral section of the @entity19 sciatic nerve, most motoneuron (MN) loss occurs in the lateral motor column of the fourth lumbar segment (L4). Significant axotomy-induced cell @entity204 occurred after surgery performed on or before @entity227 ( @entity227 ) 5. In contrast, no significant cell loss was found when axotomy was performed after PN10. Axotomy on PN2 or PN5 resulted in a 44% loss of L4 motoneurons by 7 days, and a 66% loss of motoneurons by 10 days postsurgery. Implantation of gelfoam presoaked in various neurotrophic factors at the lesion site rescued axotomized motoneurons. Nerve growth factor (NGF), @entity28082 ( @entity28082 ) and @entity32334 ( @entity32334 ) rescued 20%-30% of motoneurons, whereas @entity9140 ( @entity9140 ), @entity9139 (NT-3), and @entity7424 ( @entity7424 ) rescued virtually all motoneurons from axotomy-induced @entity204 . By contrast, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA, PDGF-AB, @entity10245 ( @entity10245 ), and interleukin (IL-6) were ineffective on motoneuron survival following axotomy. NGF, @entity9140 , NT-3, @entity7424 , and @entity32334 also prevented axotomy-induced @entity194 of surviving motoneurons. These data show that @entity19 lumbar motoneurons continue to be vulnerable to axotomy up to about 1 week after birth and that a number of trophic agents, including the neurotrophins, @entity32334 , and @entity7424 , can prevent the @entity204 of these neurons following axotomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Neurotrophic agents prevent @entity204 following sciatic nerve section in the neonatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9140 :: ('12064(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['PN', 'postnatal day']

entities_list: @entity10245 :: ('14173(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['basic fibroblast growth factor', 'bFGF']

entities_list: @entity32334 :: ('12803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['ciliary neurotrophic factor', 'CNTF']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Rapid resolution of ST-segment elevation is a reperfusion-associated electrocardiographic change in acute @entity583 . However, some @entity1 have additional ST-segment elevation immediately after reperfusion before such resolution. The clinical significance and the effect on myocardial salvage of this electrocardiographic change are unknown. To examine this electrocardiographic feature and determine its clinical basis for occurrence and influence on left ventricular function, 58 consecutive @entity1 with a first anterior wall acute @entity583 who had intracoronary thrombolysis or coronary angioplasty, or both, were assessed. With the use of frequent electrocardiographic procedures during reperfusion therapy, @entity1 were divided in 2 groups: those with additional ST-segment elevation (n = 35; group A, > or = 0.5 mV increase in summed ST-segment elevation in lead V1-V6 within 15 minutes after reperfusion), and those without this phenomenon (n = 23; group B). Baseline characteristics, @entity908 kinase kinetics and left ventricular function were compared between both groups. Before reperfusion, group A had a greater summed ST-segment elevation (2.44 +/- 1.07 vs 1.57 +/- 0.98 mV; p = 0.003) and poorer collaterals (p = 0.001) than did group B. Peak @entity908 kinase was significantly higher in group A than in B (6,550 +/- 3,477 vs 4,310 +/- 1,880 IU/liter; p = 0.003). Group A had less improvement in ejection fraction (-4.2 +/- 9.9% vs 1.7 +/- 9.6%; p = 0.04) and regional wall motion (0.28 +/- 0.74 vs 0.76 +/- 0.79 SD/chord; p = 0.03) than did group B. It is thought that additional ST-segment elevation immediately after reperfusion occurred in myocardium with severe @entity2806 before reperfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Additional ST-segment elevation immediately after reperfusion and its effect on myocardial salvage in anterior wall acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5609 is an important pathogen isolated from both community-acquired and health-care associated infections. Acquired AmpC-type beta-lactamases represent an important mechanism of resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and are emerging in several European countries. The objective of this work was to know the prevalence of acquired AmpC beta-lactamase producing @entity9700 over the last three years and eight months and their clonal relationships comparing MALDI- @entity215 and automated rep-PCR results. METHODS: @entity9700 isolates (n= 1,396) were obtained from routine cultures at the University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela from January 2006 to August 2009. Identification to the species level and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were achieved with Vitek 2. The isolates showing intermediate or total resistance to @entity115 -clavulanic and @entity3398 , @entity3524 or @entity5505 were selected for AmpC phenotypic detection by double-disk synergy test, and molecular confirmation by multiplex PCR. Molecular typing of the isolates was performed by automated rep-PCR and MALDI- @entity215 . RESULTS: For the last three years and eight months, the prevalence of AmpC-producing @entity9700 increased from 0.17% to 4.5%, mainly associated with @entity293 in elderly outpatients. In all cases, plasmidic AmpC belonging to LAT/CMY lineage were detected. A high genetic variability was seen with both, rep-PCR and @entity215 . CONCLUSIONS: AmpC-producing @entity9700 is an emergent pathogen. The high genetic variability detected suggests that the spread of the resistance mechanism is more probable than a clone dispersion. Automated rep-PCR and @entity215 show as fast and decisive methods for bacterial strain typing in clinical microbiology laboratories.

title: [Plasmid-mediated AMPc producing @entity5609 in the Health Care Area of Santiago de Compostela: molecular and epidemiological analysis by rep-PCR and MALDI- XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity5609 :: ('584', 'Species') :: ['Proteus mirabilis']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'MALDI-TOF MS']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoxitin']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['TOF']


abstract: Liquid cultures of @entity12069 were supplemented with @entity274 or other oxidative compounds. The accumulation kinetics of the resulting @entity14472 were monitored. At non-lethal concentrations, the @entity274 treatments modulated toxin accumulation, dependent on the method of supplementation. When @entity274 was added at the same time as the inoculation, higher levels of toxins accumulated 30 days later. Conversely, adding @entity274 2 or 7 days after inoculation had little effect. When @entity274 was added daily over the course of the culture, the accumulation of @entity14472 was rapidly and strongly enhanced. The fungus may adapt to oxidative stress when the first exposure to @entity274 occurs at the beginning of the culture course. The highest toxin levels were measured when the @entity274 was added daily. The importance of the first hours of culture was confirmed: pre-treating conidia with @entity274 does not affect their germination kinetics but leads to a reduction in the yield of @entity14472 40 days later. The @entity274 regulation of this @entity26234 accumulation may be specific, as @entity6453 , another pro-oxidant compound, inhibits their production. Since @entity274 is a major component of the oxidative burst occurring in pathogen/host interactions, these data support the theory that @entity14472 may act as virulence factors.

title: Accumulation of deoxynivalenol and its 15-acetylated form is significantly modulated by oxidative stress in liquid cultures of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6453 :: ('MESH:D010269', 'Chemical') :: ['paraquat']

entities_list: @entity14472 :: ('MESH:D014255', 'Chemical') :: ['trichothecenes']

entities_list: @entity26234 :: ('CHEBI:55517', 'Chemical') :: ['trichothecene']

entities_list: @entity12069 :: ('5518', 'Species') :: ['Fusarium graminearum']

answer: @entity12069 :: (5518,Species) :: ['Fusarium graminearum']


abstract: In the present study we analyze the effect of seed treatment by a range of nano- @entity3759 concentrations on the growth of @entity958 plants, on the @entity270 content and the expression of its biosynthetic genes, as well as activity of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation. To conduct the mechanistic analysis of nano- @entity3759 on plants growth and antioxidant status we applied nanoparticles concentrations that are much higher than those reported in the environment. We find that as the concentration of nano- @entity3759 increases, the biomass, and @entity38 content in 5-week-old @entity958 plants decrease in a concentration dependent manner. In opposite, higher nano- @entity3759 concentration enhanced root growth. Our results indicate that a high concentration of nano- @entity3759 induces symptoms of @entity137 and elevates the antioxidant level. We also find that the expression levels of @entity4793 biosynthetic genes were either down- or upregulated in response to nano- @entity3759 . Thermoluminescence analysis shows that higher nano- @entity3759 concentrations cause lipid peroxidation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the effect of nano- @entity3759 on @entity270 status in plants. We conclude that nano- @entity3759 affects the antioxidant response in @entity958 plants. This could be an effect of a changes in @entity270 gene expression that is diminished under lower tested nano- @entity3759 concentrations and elevated under 1000   g/ml.

title: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (100-1000  mg/l) can affect XXXX response in @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity4793 :: ('MESH:D024505', 'Chemical') :: ['tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity38 :: ('MESH:D002734', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophyll']

answer: @entity270 :: (MESH:D014810,Chemical) :: ['vitamin E']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controversy still surrounds the management of fulminant @entity656 . Because mortality rates continue to be high, especially in @entity1 with fulminant acute @entity788 and infected @entity39 , aggressive surgical techniques, such as open management of the abdomen and "planned" reoperations, seem to be justified. STUDY DESIGN: From 1988 through 1995, 28 @entity1 with fulminant acute @entity788 and infected @entity39 were treated with open management of the abdomen followed by planned reoperations at our surgical intensive care unit. RESULTS: All @entity1 had infected @entity39 with severe clinical deterioration: 12 @entity1 had an Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score > or = 20 and 16 @entity1 had a Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) > or = 15. Nineteen @entity1 suffered from @entity177 ; the remaining 9 @entity1 needed only ventilatory and inotropic support. The mean number of reoperations was 17. In 14 @entity1 , major @entity548 occurred; @entity292 developed in 7. Later, 9 abscesses were drained percutaneously. The hospital mortality rate was 39%. Longterm morbidity in survivors was substantial, especially concerning abdominal-wall defects. CONCLUSIONS: Open management of the abdomen followed by planned reoperations is an aggressive but reasonably successful surgical treatment strategy for @entity1 with fulminant acute @entity788 and infected @entity39 . Morbidity and mortality rates were high, but in these critically ill @entity1 , such high rates could be expected. Because management and clinical surveillance require specific expertise, management of these @entity1 is best undertaken in specialized centers.

title: Fulminant acute @entity788 and infected XXXX : results of open management of the abdomen and "planned" reoperations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute necrotizing pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['severe multiorgan failure']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a longer @entity9009 ( @entity9009 ) would predict greater reverse remodeling and an improved clinical response in @entity712 @entity1 randomized to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in the CONTAK-CD trial. BACKGROUND: The @entity9009 predicted clinical benefit with CRT in two previous studies from the same center. METHODS: In this retrospective analysis of the CONTAK-CD trial, @entity9009 was measured from the baseline echocardiogram of 79 @entity712 @entity1 (ejection fraction 22 +/- 7%, QRS duration 159 +/- 27 ms, 72% ischemic, 84% male) randomized to CRT and compared with six-month changes in echocardiographic and clinical parameters. @entity1 with a left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVI) reduction of at least 15% were considered responders. RESULTS: The feasibility and reproducibility of performing the @entity9009 measurements were poor. Larger values for @entity9009 did not correlate with six-month changes in left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (p = 0.26), LVESVI (p = 0.41), or left ventricular ejection fraction (p = 0.36). Responders did not have a significantly different @entity9009 than non-responders (p = 0.26). The @entity9009 did not correlate with measures of clinical improvement. At a threshold of @entity9009 >130 ms, the test characteristics to predict reverse remodeling or a clinical response were inadequate. CONCLUSIONS: The previous findings that @entity9009 predicts reverse remodeling or clinical improvement with CRT were not reproducible in @entity1 randomized in the CONTAK-CD trial.

title: Septal to posterior wall motion delay fails to predict reverse remodeling or clinical improvement in XXXX undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity9009 :: ('MESH:D018658', 'Disease') :: ['SPWMD', 'septal-to-posterior wall motion delay']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The @entity231 ( @entity231 ) proteins of @entity6368 are a family of outer membrane proteins demonstrating phase and antigenic variation. @entity6368 FA0190 has 11 opa loci that encode at least 8 antigenically distinct @entity231 proteins. To determine if expression of one @entity231 protein or a subset of them is favored during @entity2954 , we inoculated @entity231 -negative variants of strain FA1090 intraurethrally into male volunteers. The @entity231 phenotype of gonococci isolated from urine and urethral swab cultures from nine infected subjects was determined. @entity231 proteins were expressed in a large proportion of the reisolates from the infected subjects. Gonococci cultured from urine or urethral swab samples from six of the subjects were uniformly @entity231 positive, with the predominant @entity231 variants differing among subjects. Three different @entity231 proteins were represented as the predominant type in at least one subject each. In three subjects, there was more heterogeneity in @entity231 phenotype of the reisolates, including the presence of @entity231 -negative variants. An increase in the proportion of isolates expressing multiple @entity231 proteins occurred over time in most subjects. Passage of the inoculum in vitro did not result in similar changes in @entity231 expression. There was no detectable difference in infectivity of an @entity231 -negative variant and one expressing an @entity231 protein (OpaF) that was highly represented in reisolates from the original nine subjects. Reisolates from three infected volunteers inoculated with the OpaF variant showed continued expression of OpaF alone or in conjunction with other @entity231 proteins. These results demonstrate that there is strong selection for expression of one or more @entity231 proteins by strain FA1090 in vivo, but that no single protein is preferentially expressed during early infection in the male urethra.

title: XXXX proteins are expressed during experimental urethral infection in the male.

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae', 'N. gonorrhoeae strain']

answer: @entity2954 :: (MESH:D006069,Disease) :: ['Multiple gonococcal opacity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a programme to coordinate and support follow up care in general practice after a hospital diagnosis of @entity583 or @entity951 . DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial; stratified random allocation of practices to intervention and control groups. SETTING: All 67 practices in Southampton and south west Hampshire, England. SUBJECTS: 597 adult @entity1 (422 with @entity583 and 175 with a new diagnosis of @entity951 ) who were recruited during hospital admission or attendance at a @entity662 clinic between April 1995 and September 1996. INTERVENTION: Programme to coordinate preventive care led by specialist liaison nurses which sought to improve communication between hospital and general practice and to encourage general practice nurses to provide structured follow up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum total @entity165 concentration, blood pressure, distance walked in 6 minutes, confirmed smoking cessation, and body mass index measured at 1 year follow up. RESULTS: Of 559 surviving @entity1 at 1 year, 502 (90%) were followed up. There was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in smoking (cotinine validated quit rate 19% v 20%), lipid concentrations (serum total @entity165 5.80 v 5.93 mmol/l), blood pressure (diastolic pressure 84 v 85 mm Hg), or fitness (distance walked in 6 minutes 443 v 433 m). Body mass index was slightly lower in the intervention group (27.4 v 28.2; P=0.08). CONCLUSIONS: Although the programme was effective in promoting follow up in general practice, it did not improve health outcome. Simply coordinating and supporting existing @entity9462 care is insufficient. @entity299 is a chronic condition which requires the same systematic approach to secondary prevention applied in other chronic conditions such as @entity6 .

title: Randomised controlled trial of follow up care in general practice of XXXX with @entity583 and @entity951 : final results of the Southampton heart integrated care project (SHIP). The SHIP Collaborative Group.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity23 ( @entity23 ) of subjects with @entity6 , mortality rates vary substantially. We sought to examine the inclusion and exclusion criteria of these @entity23 to explore relationships with mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS: MEDLINE database was searched from August 1980 through March 2011. Selection criterion included published @entity23 of adults with @entity6 of at least 1000 @entity1 , reporting all-cause mortality and having follow-up duration of at least 1 year. Twenty-two trials were eligible. Annualized mortality rates were derived. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were tabulated for each trial. Trials were categorized in 4 groups according to annual mortality rates: <1, >= 1 to <2, >= 2 to <4, and >= 4 per 100 @entity1 -years. The analysis cohort included 91842 @entity1 and 6837 deaths. Mortality rates ranged from 0.28 to 8.24 per 100 @entity1 -years. @entity1 enrolled in the highest mortality category were more likely to be older and had @entity551 . The selection for @entity101 was common in the low- as well as high-mortality trials. Although the mortality rates were higher in @entity23 with prior @entity65 , the selection for chronic @entity8 -defined by either higher serum @entity1011 or lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and/or the presence of @entity644 -was associated with the highest mortality rates. CONCLUSIONS: In this analysis of @entity6 , a 29-fold difference in annualized mortality was observed. In these @entity23 , selection for @entity8 , defined by either decline in renal function or presence of @entity644 , portends important mortality risk. (J Am Heart Assoc. 2012;1:8-15.) CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00303979.

title: Mortality rates in trials of subjects with type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['RCTs of type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['longer diabetes duration and higher blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of intravenous @entity3416 in acute @entity565 is unclear despite meta-analysis of many studies comparing @entity3416 with other bronchodilator therapies. AIMS: The aim of this study is to determine whether continuous @entity3416 infusion confers any benefit in acute severe @entity748 treated with intravenous @entity230 and inhaled bronchodilators. METHODS: The study was randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled. All @entity1 received nebulised @entity3045 (1 mL of 0.5%) and @entity13265 (1 mL of 0.025%) with @entity47530 diluent (1 mL) at 0, two, four, six, eight and 12 hours, and six-hourly thereafter. In addition all @entity1 were given intravenous @entity701 250 mg six-hourly and @entity26 to maintain normoxia. @entity3416 infusions were adjusted to maintain therapeutic levels. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was measured before and after nebulised bronchodilator on a two-hourly basis in the Emergency Department (ED) and six-hourly on the inpatient wards. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 were clinically sufficiently improved within 12 hours to be discharged home from the ED. The remaining 28 @entity1 were admitted to the inpatient ward for a total trial duration of 48 hours. No significant difference was found between the placebo and treatment groups for measurements of PEFR, or for the duration of stay of the @entity1 in hospital. The power of the study was 80% for a 25% to 33% difference at a 5% level of significance. Presentation values of PEFR and arterial blood gases did not predict which @entity1 would require inpatient admission and which could be safely discharged home from the ED.

title: Intravenous @entity3416 confers no benefit in acute @entity565 treated with intravenous XXXX and inhaled bronchodilators.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3416 :: ('MESH:D000628', 'Chemical') :: ['Aminophylline', 'aminophylline']

entities_list: @entity13265 :: ('MESH:D009241', 'Chemical') :: ['ipratropium bromide']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The Clot Lysis Evaluating Accelerated Resolution of Intraventricular Hemorrhage Trial phase III is a multicenter, randomized clinical trial in the management and treatment of subjects with small @entity1779 and large @entity548 . Accurate localization, segmentation, and quantification of @entity548 are necessary for decision making and treatment. Our studies are aimed at developing algorithms for accurate and automatic @entity548 segmentation for this trial. METHODS: Two hundred one computed tomography scans of 41 @entity1 with 2.5- to 10-mm slice thickness from 10 hospitals were used. Techniques based on thresholding, clustering, and graph theory modified using textural energy-based normalization were used along with preprocessing (filtering, skull stripping) and postprocessing (artifact removal). The segmented results of each method are compared with the ground truths. RESULTS: The median sensitivity, specificity, and dice statistical index (DSI) are 86.19%, 99.94%, and 0.8655 for modified thresholding; 83.23%, 99.93%, and 0.8410 for modified fuzzy C-means; and 87.28%, 99.81%, and 0.7917 for modified normalized cut method, respectively. The preprocessing and postprocessing enhanced the DSI by 10% and 3%, respectively. Usage of textural energy along with the Hounsfield value in the modified methods increased the DSI by about 8% to 10%. The methods reduced the time needed for processing from 20 to 30 minutes to 2 to 3 minutes per case. CONCLUSIONS: The modified thresholding provided the highest accuracy, least computation time, and implementation complexity compared with other 2 methods. The method reduces the time to localize and segment the hemorrhagic regions and also provides quantitative information that is critical to precise therapeutic decision making.

title: Comparison of 3-segmentation techniques for intraventricular and XXXX in unenhanced computed tomography scans.

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'intraventricular hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral hemorrhages']


abstract: @entity114 resistance amongst @entity2954 causing disseminated @entity2954 (DGI) has been infrequently reported worldwide. The clinical records of 34 @entity1 with @entity625 seen over a 53-month period were reviewed. The study population consisted of 32 blacks and two Indians with a mean age of 23.5 yr (range 14-46 yr) and a female to male ratio of 2.8:1. The diagnosis of @entity625 was made on the basis of isolation of @entity6368 from the SF alone in 20 @entity1 , SF and genital site in nine genital site alone in two and genital site and synovial tissue in one @entity1 and synovial tissue alone in two @entity1 . Eighteen of the 32 (56%) synovial isolates were penicillinase-producing strains of @entity6368 (PPNG). Monoarthritis was the commonest mode of presentation and seen in 73% of @entity1 . The joints most frequently involved were the wrist (44%), knee (41%), ankle (15%) and shoulder (12%). None of the @entity1 had cutaneous lesions. The occurrence of DGI is usually associated with protein 1-A serotype and @entity369 , @entity3625 and @entity5537 requiring auxotype, but all isolates available for auxotyping in this study were prototrophic. This study shows a very high prevalence of PPNG strains causing DGI, an observation which has important therapeutic implications.

title: Prominence of penicillinase-producing strains of @entity6368 in XXXX --experience in Durban, South Africa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonococcal infection', 'gonococcal strains']

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae', 'N. gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['gonococcal arthritis']

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['Penicillin']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['gonococcal arthritis']