abstract: Symptomatic @entity9085 carries a @entity64 risk of 30% at 5 years. The efficacy of stenting with balloon-expandable stents remains questionable due to a high long-term @entity256 rate. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of using self-expanding stents to treat symptomatic @entity5525 ( @entity5525 ) @entity850 in selected @entity1 . Clinical and angiographic results were retrospectively reviewed in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity9085 who underwent stenting with self-expanding stents between June 2008 and December 2011. In total, 32 @entity1 were included. Self-expanding stents (25 tapered and seven non-tapered) were deployed with a modified technique of deploying the stents from the V1 segment to the proximal subclavian artery. The mean degree of @entity850 before and after stenting declined from 76.4% to 11.4%. No peri-procedural complications occurred. During the mean clinical follow-up of 18.3 months, no @entity64 , transient @entity63 attack or @entity204 occurred. During the mean angiographic follow-up of 12.5 months, asymptomatic @entity256 in one (3.1%) @entity1 6 months after the procedure. No stent @entity174 occurred. The involved subclavian artery was patent and no clinically apparent events occurred in the dependent @entity2045 . Stenting with self-expanding stents for symptomatic @entity9085 is technically feasible and safe, with reduced @entity256 and stent @entity174 rates in selected @entity1 . Long-term investigations are warranted to validate its performance.

title: Stenting of symptomatic @entity5525 XXXX with self-expanding stents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5525 :: ('MESH:C538664', 'Disease') :: ['VAO', 'vertebral artery ostium']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'vertebrobasilar stroke']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral arterial stenosis', 'VAO stenosis']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis occurred', 'restenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: Long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences are important determinants of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) @entity19 @entity1778 virus pathogenesis. These sequences include the enhancer and sequences between the enhancer and promoter ( @entity108 ). In a previous study we showed that a virus missing the @entity108 region in its LTR was severely attenuated in its ability to induce @entity6732 . In this study we observed that a virus with an LTR consisting of @entity108 but no enhancer sequences was pathogenic. We compared the pathogenicity of this @entity108 virus with other LTR mutant MCF13 viruses that contained a single enhancer (1R) or a single enhancer plus @entity108 (1R + @entity108 ). All LTR mutant viruses generated @entity6732 , however, at a much lower incidence and with a longer latency compared with wild-type (WT) MCF13 virus. @entity108 virus replication in the thymus was the lowest compared with the 1R and 1R + @entity108 viruses. Viral replication in a different thymic subpopulation could not explain the decreased pathogenicity of the LTR mutant viruses compared with WT virus. However, lower levels of mutant virus replication in the thymus compared with WT during the preleukemic period may contribute to the attenuation of pathogenicity. The phenotype of @entity5 induced by the mutant viruses was similar and differed from @entity5 induced by WT virus by the presence of CD3(-)CD4(-)CD8(-) cells. Analysis of LTR sequences of infectious virus rescued from @entity5 induced by the 1R and 1R + @entity108 viruses showed that amplification of enhancer sequences had occurred during @entity5 development. The lack of @entity108 virus expression by @entity5 cells led us to propose that @entity108 sequences may play a role at an early step in tumorigenesis.

title: Role of the LTR region between the enhancer and promoter in @entity1358 XXXX @entity1778 virus pathogenesis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['mink cell focus-forming', 'MCF']

entities_list: @entity6732 :: ('MESH:D013953', 'Disease') :: ['thymic lymphoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1151 as a possible cause of @entity712 is a potentially fatal condition that can cause @entity204 in all age groups. @entity1 successfully resuscitated after @entity1167 have a high risk of increased mortality and their poor long-term outcome is often associated with severe @entity16 . CASE OUTLINE: This is a case report of a 67-year-old @entity1 after a successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) which was followed by @entity2332 ( @entity2332 ). The @entity1 visited the dermatological outpatients' department with clinical presentation of @entity158 and swelling of the right leg, @entity662 . During examination the @entity1 lost consciousness, stopped @entity1353 and had @entity1167 . ECG was done which registered @entity1167 . We began CPR. After 59 minutes of resuscitation return of heartbeat was achieved. The @entity1 was transported to the Emergency Department. On admission, after computerized tomography (CT) of the chest confirmed massive @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ), the @entity1 was administered thrombolytic therapy with Metalyse (tenecteplase) and anticoagulation therapy (heparin). After stabilization, @entity2332 was applied. Combination of EMCOOLSpad on the chest and abdomen and cold Ringer lactate 500 ml at 4 degrees C was flushed. Temperature was decreased to 33 degrees C and kept stabile for 24 hours. After eight days the @entity1 was conscious with a minimal @entity51 . CONCLUSION: As shown in this case report, and according to the rich experience elsewhere, cooling therapy after out-of-hospital @entity1167 and successful CRP may be useful in preventing @entity16 .

title: [ XXXX as a cause of @entity1167 : @entity2332 in post-resuscitation period (cooling therapy)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath and chest pain']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['acute heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary embolism', 'PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'asystole']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['TH', 'therapeutic hypothermia']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary embolism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is no consensus concerning the indications for active treatment ( @entity2798 ( @entity2798 ) or surgery) versus observation alone, and the treatment modality for @entity1 with @entity8 ( @entity359 ). Our study aimed to analyze the results of long-term follow-up of @entity1 with @entity8 treated by nephron-sparing surgery (NSS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of thirteen @entity1 with @entity8 were retrospectively reviewed for clinical and histopathologic features. There were twelve @entity1 and one @entity1 (mean age 55 years) who were treated by NSS in our medical center between the years 1993-2001. RESULTS: One @entity1 with @entity2916 had bilateral multifocal @entity5 , another @entity1 that presented with shock and retroperitoneal bleeding underwent an urgent NSS. Overall, eight @entity1 were symptomatic at diagnosis. The mean @entity5 diameter was 5.5 cm (range 2.5-13 cm). There was no need to perform nephrectomy in any of the @entity1 . Two @entity1 had enucleation of more than one @entity5 in the same session. In one case the adrenal gland was surrounded by the @entity359 and was removed with the specimen. No other serious complications were recorded. Four @entity1 required blood transfusions. The mean follow-up period was 26 months (range: 6-62 months) and during that time there was no evidence of recurrence or @entity177 . Only one @entity1 developed @entity359 in the contralateral kidney, there was one case of incisional @entity547 and another @entity1 continued to suffer from @entity812 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that NSS is a safe and effective treatment modality for @entity8 .

title: [Nephron sparing surgery as a treatment modality for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal AML', 'renal angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['decreased renal function']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['selective angioembolization', 'SAE']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal angiomyolipoma']


abstract: Because dietary @entity1568 intake affects @entity1568 content in manure, diet management has been recognized as a means to reduce @entity3265 emissions from poultry operations. The objectives of the present research were 1) to determine the extent to which the CP content of laying diets can be reduced, based on performance criteria, and 2) to determine how ash: @entity1568 ratios of manure, eggs, and hens are affected by dietary protein changes. Egg-type hens were fed equal daily amounts of essential @entity1522 in diets that provided 13, 15, or 17 g of protein/d. Each diet was fed to 20 hens, with 2 hens/cage. The planned digestible @entity376 intake was 0.71 g/hen per day. Ratios of other digestible @entity1522 to @entity376 were @entity1853 plus @entity462 , 0.83; @entity1889 , 0.68; and @entity6778 , 0.94. The experiment began when hens were 29 wk old and continued until they were 57 wk old. Egg production averaged approximately 90%, and daily protein intake caused no effects on egg production or grams of egg per hen per day. Feed intake was higher for hens fed 13 g of protein than for hens in the other 2 treatments (P < 0.01). Average feed intake for the experiment was approximately 95 g/d. Composition of the eggs was not affected by protein intake. Average values were @entity3918 , 30.5%; ash, 31.0% of @entity3918 ; and @entity1568 , 6.31% of @entity3918 . The average manure @entity3918 production was 25.9 g/hen per day, with an ash content of 25.5% of @entity3918 . Manure @entity1568 content ranged from 3.98% of @entity3918 for hens fed 13 g of protein to 5.68% for those fed 17 g of protein (P < 0.01). A method is outlined that uses the analysis of fresh manure and manure leaving the poultry operation to estimate the loss of @entity1568 as @entity3265 .

title: Dietary protein effects on hen performance and XXXX excretion.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen']


abstract: In a retrospective clinical study, the results of operative treatment of @entity7334 of the distal phalanx were studied. From February 1992 to December 1998, 75 @entity1 were treated operatively, 47 were examined. 14 @entity1 were treated with Lengemann wire and temporary transfixation of the @entity3130 joint, 25 @entity1 were treated with screw fixation and in eight @entity1 another procedure (wire suture, Kirschner wire, "Hakendraht", combination of screw and wire) was used. All @entity1 had little or no @entity158 . All @entity1 had no or only little limitation in activities of daily living. Two @entity1 after screw fixation had serious limitations. Four @entity1 after Lengemann wire fixation had an extension lag in the @entity3130 joint of up to 10 degrees, four @entity1 between 11 and 20 degrees and one @entity1 25 degrees. 19 @entity1 after screw fixation had an extension lag of the @entity3130 joint of up to 10 degrees, five @entity1 between 11 and 20 degrees and one @entity1 of 25 degrees. @entity4040 of the @entity3130 joint was seen in five @entity1 after Lengemann wire fixation and in two @entity1 after screw fixation. Screw fixation in the treatment of @entity7334 of the distal phalanx is a good, but demanding procedure with the potential for exact reconstruction of the joint surface, since implant removal is not necessary.

title: [Is mini-screw osteosynthesis a suitable procedure in surgical treatment of XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['Arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['intraarticular fractures']

answer: @entity7334 :: (MESH:D057072,Disease) :: ['intra-articular distal phalanx fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Early correction of malunion of @entity174 may be necessary in young, active @entity1 . The aim of this study was to report the advantages and disadvantages of early correction of distal radius malunion. METHODS: Eleven @entity1 (10 male, 1 female; average age 36 years, range: 20 to 54 years) with nascent malunion of @entity174 were included in this study. The malunions occurred after initial conservative treatment of unstable @entity174 . Mean interval between injury and corrective surgery was 12 (range: 8 to 15) weeks. Two @entity1 had intra- and extra-articular malunion and 9 had an extra-articular malunion. Volar correction was made in seven @entity1 and dorsal correction in four. Results were evaluated radiologically and functionally using the Mayo wrist score. RESULTS: Bony healing was established after correctional osteotomies at an average of 8 (range: 5 to 16) weeks. The average preoperative @entity85 was 28   and was corrected to 4   of volar tilt postoperatively. @entity1 had a positive ulnar variance with an average of 5 mm initially and less than 1 mm postoperatively. Radial inclination was corrected from an average of 9   preoperatively to an average of 20   and the average postoperative Mayo wrist score was 82.5. Tenotomy of brachioradialis was useful for the correction of radial inclination, especially in old cases. Structural (corticocancellous) grafting was used in one @entity1 . All @entity1 returned to their previous functional level. CONCLUSION: Advantages of early corrective osteotomy include anatomic restoration at the original fracture line, a shortened healing period and a decreased need for structural bone grafting. Disadvantages are that the recreation of the original fracture line is technically demanding and @entity1 must be cooperative to achieve a successful outcome.

title: Correction of nascent malunion of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['dorsal deformity']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['distal radius fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['distal radius fractures']


abstract: A high incidence of @entity1292 after unrelated bone marrow transplantation has been reported. Delayed lymphocyte recovery may be associated with @entity1292 . Immune reconstitution is influenced by recipient age and @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). In fact, @entity1 develop @entity2132 less frequently than adults. However, the role of donor age is largely unknown. We examined the effect of donor age on lymphocyte reconstitution after transplant. Three-month-old BALB/c recipient @entity19 were lethally irradiated and transplanted with allogeneic haematopoietic stem cells from A/J donor @entity19 of different ages, ranging from 0 d to 12 months. The recovery of absolute lymphocyte counts and those of @entity5168 + T cells, @entity1961 + T cells and CD45RBhi @entity1961 + naive T cells in the early post-transplant period correlated inversely with donor age. Recipient @entity19 transplanted with haematopoietic stem cells from younger donors showed significantly higher survival rates and mitogenic responses than adult donors. As T cells, especially @entity1961 + naive T cells, play an important role in host defence, faster recovery of @entity1961 + naive T cells in younger donors may contribute to reduced mortality in the early post-transplant period. The results suggest that it could be better to choose a younger donor if sufficient cell dose is available.

title: The reconstitution of CD45RBhiCD4+ naive T cells is inversely correlated with donor age in XXXX allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-vs-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: @entity5 of the lung embrace a spectrum from low-grade @entity4303 ( @entity4303 ), intermediate-grade atypical @entity4303 (AC), and high-grade categories of @entity152 ( @entity152 ) and @entity4153 ( @entity4153 ). We studied 200 neuroendocrine @entity2 to critically evaluate the Arrigoni histologic criteria for AC using statistical analysis to delimit more rigorously an intermediate survival for AC between @entity4303 and the high-grade @entity5 of @entity152 and @entity4153 . Histologic features that might predict prognosis were used for Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards survival analysis, and an optimal mitotic range for AC was calculated. The optimal mitotic range for AC was 2 to 10 mitoses per 2 mm2 of viable @entity5 (10 high-power fields). Based on this finding, we collapsed mitoses into three categories (< 2; 2-10; > or = 11) and performed Cox multivariate analysis for all 200 @entity5 . Mitotic counts were the only independent predictor of prognosis. Based on this analysis, we propose that AC be defined as a @entity5 with neuroendocrine morphology, mitotic counts between 2-10 per 2 mm2 of viable @entity5 (10 high-power fields), or coagulative @entity39 . Using these criteria, the 200 @entity5 were classified as 51 @entity4303 , 62 AC, 37 @entity152 , and 50 @entity4153 . The 5- and 10-year survival was 87% and 87% for @entity4303 , 56% and 35% for AC, 27% and 9% for @entity152 , and 9% and 5% for @entity4153 , respectively. After stratification for stage, survival for AC was significantly worse than for @entity4303 (p < 0.001); for @entity152 and @entity4153 it was significantly worse than for AC; but the survival for @entity152 was no different than that for @entity4153 .

title: Survival analysis of 200 pulmonary XXXX with clarification of criteria for atypical @entity4303 and its separation from @entity4303 .

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma', 'SCLC']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Neuroendocrine tumors', 'neuroendocrine tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['LCNEC', 'large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['typical carcinoid', 'carcinoid', 'TC']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neuroendocrine tumors']


abstract: In @entity1 , @entity410 @entity410 lasting-more than 5 minutes constitute a life-threatening condition. Outside of the hospital setting, the treatment of choice is rectal @entity3175 . @entity1363 , a fast-acting @entity1245 , is now authorised for use in this setting, in the form of a solution for oral transmucosal route. The results of five trials conducted in specialised centres suggest that @entity1363 oromucosal solution is at least as effective as rectal @entity3175 in reducing the duration of @entity410 and preventing early @entity410 recurrence. However, the evidence provided by these studies is weak. The main adverse effects of @entity1363 oromucosal solution are the same as those of rectal @entity3175 ; in particular, @entity1576 occurs in 1% to 5% of @entity1 and can necessitate intubation. Some anticonvulsants, such as @entity2049 , @entity3174 and @entity109 , may reduce the effectiveness of @entity1363 and @entity3175 . At the recommended doses, @entity1363 @entity1445 may occur when the oromucosal solution is used to treat @entity1 less than 6 months old. @entity1363 oromucosal solution is sold in single-dose ready-to-use oral syringes. In France, @entity3175 doses for rectal administration must be prepared from a vial of solution. In early 2013, the usability of oral transmucosal versus rectal administration has not been compared prospectively in @entity1 with @entity410 @entity410 . In practice, rectal @entity3175 is the drug of choice for paediatric @entity410 @entity410 occurring outside the hospital setting. @entity1363 oromucosal solution is an alternative for @entity1 over 6 months of age, especially when preparation or administration of the rectal @entity3175 dose poses a problem.

title: XXXX oral transmucosal route. An alternative to rectal @entity3175 for some @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive', 'seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['Midazolam', 'midazolam']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['Midazolam']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity99 represents an extremely rare clinical entity with only very few cases having been reported to date. METHODS: The case histories of 2 @entity1 with presumably @entity99 were analyzed and a complete follow-up obtained. The literature was reviewed to provide comprehensive data collection. RESULTS: Both @entity1 underwent partial hepatic resection. Histomorphologic diagnosis revealed a @entity5 in both cases. Extensive preoperative as well as intra- and postoperative search for the @entity5 did not identify another site of @entity5 tissue. Six and ten years after hepatic segmentectomy, the 2 @entity1 are alive and show no clinical signs of @entity5 . Their most recent thorough follow-up included computed tomography and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. Neither a @entity8799 site nor recurrent disease was found in the 2 @entity1 . The literature review resulted in a complete survey of all previously reported cases of @entity99 . CONCLUSION: We conclude that the liver was the primary site of the @entity5 in both @entity1 . Radical surgery was successfully performed as the only treatment option with curative intention.

title: XXXX : successful hepatectomy in two cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor', 'primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors', 'primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine tumor', 'primary tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity8799 :: ('MESH:D018358', 'Disease') :: ['nonhepatic primary neuroendocrine tumor']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor']


abstract: At the present stage of drug interactions, little has been studied on food-drug interactions. Excess intake of @entity969 is well known to cause @entity4288 , @entity28 , @entity6 , @entity137 to blood cells, dental caries, and accumulations of metabolic products in blood. Under the such conditions, it is possible that the ulcerogenic drugs, such as synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs, may cause severe @entity1819 by oral administration. The present investigation was undertaken to study the influences of @entity969 on the @entity1819 induced by @entity117 ( @entity117 ulcer) in @entity35 maintained with 10% @entity969 solution. Thus, the effect of @entity969 on aggressive and protective factors, proposed by Shay and Sun, was studied. METHOD: Sixty @entity35 were maintained with 10% @entity969 solution ad libitum as drinking solution for 4 weeks (10% @entity969 group). As control, purified water was given ad libitum to 60 @entity35 (control group). @entity35 were starved for 24 hours, but allowed free access of water before the experiment, and then were subjected to the following experiments: (1) Twenty @entity35 from each group were treated to prepare pylorus-ligated @entity35 . @entity117 in 1% CMC (100mg/kg body-weight) was given in 10 @entity35 from each group immediately after the ligation. Gastric juice excreted during 6 hours was collected and its supernatant (1,500 x g) was used for determinations of pH, acidity, acid output, pepsin activity, and pepsin output. @entity117 and @entity3785 contents in gastric juice were also determined by HPLC. (2) The mucosa of the stomach of (1) were subjected to the analysis of @entity21775 . Twenty @entity35 from each group without pylorus-ligation were also used for the analysis. Among them, 10 @entity35 from each group were given @entity117 in 1% CMC with the dose of 300 mg/kg body-weight. (3) Ten @entity35 from each group were given @entity117 with the dose of 300 mg/kg body-weight and the stomach (n = 10 for each group) was extracted 30 minutes after the @entity117 administration for histochemical study to obtain covering mucus index, epitherial mucus index, total mucus index, and rate of @entity130 . (4) @entity117 in 1% CMC was given to 10 @entity35 of each group with the dose of 300 mg/kg body-weight. @entity35 were sacrificed 6 hours after the administration of @entity117 , and then stomachs were extracted and treated with 10% neutral @entity406 . The length of lesions was measured under a microscope (x 10), and then Ulcer Index was obtained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Influence of @entity969 on XXXX ulcer].

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity21775 :: ('CHEBI:24586', 'Chemical') :: ['hexosamine']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lesions']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['mucous injury']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: The effects of intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered histaminergic receptor antagonists on plasma levels of @entity1951 , @entity398 , prolactin and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) after fear-related emotional stress were investigated in the male @entity35 . @entity8765 , a histaminergic H1-receptor antagonist did not significantly alter the suppressive vasopressin or the facilitative prolactin response to nonassociatively applied emotional stress. On the other hand, i.c.v. administered @entity5616 , a histaminergic H2-receptor antagonist, blocked these responses to stress. @entity8765 again did not significantly change the suppressive vasopressin response to the associatively applied emotional stress. However, the drug attenuated the prolactin response slightly but significantly. @entity5616 blocked the suppressive vasopressin and the facilitative prolactin responses to the associatively applied emotional stress, but the drug did not change the facilitative @entity398 or ACTH response to the stress. Suppression of motor activity during the associatively applied emotional stress was not significantly changed by either of these antagonists. These results suggest that histaminergic H2 receptors are selectively involved in the neural pathways which mediate the suppressive vasopressin and the facilitative prolactin responses to fear-related emotional stress.

title: A histaminergic H2-receptor antagonist, XXXX , blocks the suppressive vasopressin response to fear-related emotional stress in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity8765 :: ('MESH:D011738', 'Chemical') :: ['Pyrilamine']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine', 'Ranitidine']

answer: @entity5616 :: (MESH:D011899,Chemical) :: ['ranitidine']


abstract: @entity2869 ( @entity2869 ) is an acquired disease at the sacrococcygeal region that can be treated by different surgical techniques. Crystallised @entity3971 application seems to be an alternative therapy to surgery with higher success rates, lower costs, faster recovery and earlier return to work. We aimed to state the success of @entity3971 application for @entity2869 in adolescence. A 14-year-old @entity1 with recurrent @entity2869 , an 18-year-old @entity1 with the history of @entity2869 and a 15-year-old @entity1 with @entity2869 was hospitalised. All @entity1 underwent @entity3971 application in an outpatient setting. The @entity1 were followed thereafter. The 14-year-old @entity1 and 18-year-old @entity1 did not face any problems and all sinuses healed completely. The 15-year-old @entity1 was followed for 2 weeks because of intergluteal maceration and ongoing drainage. She underwent another @entity3971 application and the course after intervention was uneventful with complete healing of the sinus. Crystallised @entity3971 application seems to be a promising non-operative therapy for @entity2869 in adolescents.

title: Non-operative therapy for @entity2869 in adolescence: crystallised XXXX application, 'report of a case'.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity2869 :: ('MESH:D010864', 'Disease') :: ['pilonidal abscess', 'Pilonidal sinus', 'PS']

answer: @entity3971 :: (MESH:D019800,Chemical) :: ['phenol']


abstract: Evidence is building regarding the association between inadequate amounts of sleep and the risk of @entity28 , especially in younger @entity1 . Less is known about the relationship between change in sleep and change in weight during adolescence. The objective of this study was to examine the longitudinal relationship between change in sleep duration and change in body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat (PBF) in a cohort of adolescents. The cohort included 723 adolescents (mean age = 14.7 years at baseline) from Minnesota. @entity25 was assessed via self-report. BMI and PBF were objectively assessed. Covariates used in the multivariate analyses included energy intake as assessed through 24-hour recalls, activity levels as assessed by accelerometers, screen time/sedentary behavior, @entity308 , and sociodemographic characteristics. For both males and females, average BMI and PBF increased slightly over the 2 years and average sleep duration decreased by about 30 minutes. The authors saw no statistically significant longitudinal relationships between change in total sleep and change in BMI or PBF over time in either @entity1 or @entity1 . The only longitudinal relationship that approached statistical significance was a positive association between sleep and PBF in females (p = .068). This research contributes to the literature as the only study to date to examine how change in sleep duration during adolescence may be related to a concomitant change in BMI and body fat. The findings of this study do not support the hypothesis that a decline in sleep duration during adolescence increases @entity28 risk.

title: Examining the longitudinal relationship between change in sleep and XXXX risk in adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Total sleep duration']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the ability of scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation to detect progressive retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) loss in @entity726 @entity1 and @entity1 suspected of having the disease. METHODS: This was an observational cohort study that included 335 eyes of 195 @entity1 . Images were obtained annually with the @entity9999 VCC scanning laser polarimeter, along with optic disc stereophotographs and standard automated perimetry (SAP) visual fields. The median follow-up time was 3.94 years. Progression was determined using commercial software for SAP and by masked assessment of optic disc stereophotographs performed by expert graders. Random coefficient models were used to evaluate the relationship between RNFL thickness measurements over time and progression as determined by SAP and/or stereophotographs. RESULTS: From the 335 eyes, 34 (10%) showed progression over time by stereophotographs and/or SAP. Average @entity9999 VCC measurements decreased significantly over time for both progressors as well as non-progressors. However, the rate of decline was significantly higher in the progressing group (-0.70 microm/year) compared to the non-progressing group (-0.14 microm/year; P=0.001). Black race and male sex were significantly associated with higher rates of RNFL loss during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity9999 VCC scanning laser polarimeter was able to identify longitudinal RNFL loss in eyes that showed progression in optic disc stereophotographs and/or visual fields. These findings suggest that this technology could be useful to detect and monitor progressive disease in @entity1 with established diagnosis of @entity726 or suspected of having the disease.

title: Detection of progressive retinal nerve fiber layer loss in XXXX using scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: Achilles @entity397 is a common injury, and its complications can impair function. Numerous operations have been described for reconstructing the ruptured tendon, but these methods can compromise the microcirculation in the tendon and can seriously damage healing of the tendon. Suturing with a minimally invasive tenocutaneous technique soon after the rupture and systematic functional exercise can greatly reduce the possibility of complications. From June 1996 to February 2007, we treated 20 @entity1 (14 males), who ranged in age from 21 to 66 years old, with this method. After follow-up period of 1 to 7 years, the mean American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle Hindfoot score was 95 (range 90 to 98), and the maximum length of postoperative scarring was 3 cm. One @entity1 again ruptured his Achilles tendon 1 year after surgery in an accident; however, after 10 months, the repaired tendon was still intact. In another @entity1 , the nervus suralis was damaged during surgery by piercing the tension suture at the near end, causing @entity86 and @entity4 . The tension suture was quickly removed, and the @entity1 recovered well with conservative treatment. No large irregular scars, such as those sustained during immobilization, were present over the Achilles tendon. Minimally invasive percutaneous suturing can restore the original length and continuity of the Achilles tendon, is minimally invasive, and results in fewer @entity260 than other methods.

title: Treatment of acute and closed Achilles XXXX by minimally invasive tenocutaneous suturing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['tendon rupture']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative numbness']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['tendon ruptures']


abstract: A solitary well-demarcated @entity5 was found in the left lung of a 53-year-old @entity1 . It was located in the posterior region of the lower lobe just adjacent to, but apart from, the pleura. It was resected by video-associated thoracic surgery. Macroscopically, the @entity5 was a whitish solid nodule without @entity548 or @entity39 , and it was 1.5 cm in diameter. Histologically, the @entity5 consisted of a proliferation of fibromuscular tissue in interlacing fascicles in which many tubular or cleft-like epithelial inclusions were involved. The epithelial inclusions showed cystic changes with goblet cell metaplasia in part, but no atypical changes. Other mesenchymal components such as cartilaginous, @entity19021 or adipose tissues were not seen. The @entity1 had no history of @entity5 , including smooth- @entity11090 . Thus, we diagnosed this @entity5 as a "true" @entity4607 , as distinct from so-called @entity4607 or benign metastasizing @entity2909 , which are usually found in the lungs of @entity1 who have had hysterectomies, as multiple fibromuscular nodules. We report here this rare case and we review and discuss published reports of @entity5 of the lung.

title: Solitary @entity4607 of the lung in a XXXX without a pre-existing smooth- @entity11090 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'fibromuscular tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity19021 :: ('MESH:C537478', 'Disease') :: ['myxomatous']

entities_list: @entity11090 :: ('MESH:D019042', 'Disease') :: ['muscle tumor']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['fibroleiomyomatous hamartoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Somatosensory information can be modulated by nicotinic @entity934 receptors (nAChRs) in the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Nonetheless, the functional significance of nAChRs in the deep dorsal horn of adult animals remains unclear. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from lamina V neurons in the adult @entity35 spinal cord, we investigated whether the activation of nAChRs could modulate the inhibitory synaptic transmission in the deep dorsal horn. In the presence of CNQX and APV to block excitatory glutamatergic synaptic transmission, bath applications of @entity1239 (100 microM) significantly increased the frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) in almost all neurons tested. The effect of @entity1239 was mimicked by @entity49449 ( @entity49449 , 100 microM), an alpha 4 beta 2-nAChR agonist, and was also mimicked by @entity1877 (10 mM), an alpha 7-nAChR agonist. The effect of @entity1239 was completely blocked by the nAChR antagonist @entity6959 (5 microM). In the presence of @entity1022 (0.5 microM), @entity1239 (100 microM) significantly increased the miniature IPSC frequency. On the other hand, @entity49449 (100 microM) or @entity1877 (10 mM) did not affect miniature IPSCs. The application of @entity1239 (100 microM) also evoked a large inward current in all lamina V neurons tested when cells were held at -60 mV. Similarly, @entity49449 (100 microM) induced inward currents in the majority of lamina V neurons examined. On the other hand, @entity1877 (10 mM) did not elicit any detectable whole-cell currents. These results suggest that several nAChR subtypes are expressed on the presynaptic terminals, preterminals, and neuronal cell bodies within lamina V and that these nAChRs are involved in the modulation of inhibitory synaptic activity in the deep dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

title: The activation of nicotinic @entity934 receptors enhances the inhibitory synaptic transmission in the deep dorsal horn neurons of the adult XXXX spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity6959 :: ('MESH:D008464', 'Chemical') :: ['mecamylamine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: During the past decade, tremendous interest has arisen in the use of nonoperative therapies for @entity1 with @entity1149 . Of these therapies, stereotactic body radiotherapy has become established as an effective modality for treating @entity5 in medically inoperable @entity1 . @entity137 is low, and the treatment is effective, with excellent local control rates. Several investigators have suggested that stereotactic body radiotherapy could be effective for high-risk operable @entity1 (usually treated with sublobar resection) and even perhaps for standard-risk operable @entity1 (usually treated with lobectomy); however, this is less accepted. A direct comparison of stereotactic body radiotherapy and sublobar resection is difficult for a number of reasons. These include different definitions of recurrence, different populations of @entity1 in these studies (with those undergoing stereotactic body radiotherapy tending to be the medically inoperable group), and different methods of classifying morbidity in the surgical and radiation oncology studies. Imaging follow-up has also not been standardized among the studies. Thus, a randomized study is necessary and timely. Investigators from the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group and the Radiation Therapy and Oncology Group have collaborated to develop a phase III randomized study comparing stereotactic body radiotherapy and sublobar resection (with or without brachytherapy) for high-risk operable @entity1 with @entity1149 . This study (American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z4099/Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 1021) has recently opened for accrual. It is hoped that this will help to better define the role of these therapies for @entity1 with @entity1149 .

title: American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z4099/Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 1021: a randomized study of sublobar resection compared with stereotactic body radiotherapy for high-risk stage I XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: @entity957 of the @entity8174 is a rare @entity5 . Histological and ultrastructural features of a @entity957 arising in the right @entity8174 is presented. Light microscopically the @entity5 consisted of poorly differentiated squamous cell nests. PAS reaction was negative. Ultrastructurally the @entity5 cells were oval or spindle shaped and the cytoplasmic processes were frequently found. The majority of the @entity5 cells contained numerous intermediate filaments in their cytoplasm. No secretory granule was found. The desmosomes were well developed. It is known that @entity3975 may be often misdiagnosed as @entity957 . These findings can enable us to distinguish @entity957 from @entity3975 of the @entity8174 .

title: XXXX of the @entity8174 : a case report with electron microscopic findings.

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Primary squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinoma', 'primary squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8174 :: ('MESH:D010309', 'Disease') :: ['parotid gland']

entities_list: @entity3975 :: ('MESH:D018277', 'Disease') :: ['mucoepidermoid carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Primary squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity5363 A74/O and A74/C are congenic strains. An oral dose of 10(5) organisms of strain A74/C colonizes @entity1573 intestines. Strain A74/O, from which A74/C is derived, does not colonize the @entity1573 intestines with an oral dose of 10(5) organisms. In this study, the congenic bacteria were compared to identify possible colonization mechanisms. Differences were not observed in plasmid content or by HindIII, Pst I, Acc I, HincII, Ava I, Ava II, Xba I, and BamHI restriction enzyme digestion of total DNA. Transmission electron microscopy of negatively stained samples revealed no differences between the strains. Sections of cecal tissue from nonfed day-of-hatch chicks were cultured with each strain for 2 hours and then examined by light and electron microscopy. Both strains caused @entity39 of villus epithelial cells. Immunofluorescent or @entity575 staining revealed strain A74/C located deep in numerous epithelial crypts, but strain A74/O only was present in one sample mixed with sloughed @entity39 cells. Similarly, organisms were detected by transmission electron microscopy deep in crypts in tissues cultured with @entity53280 , but not A74/O. Cells of A74/C detected in crypts did not appear to associate with epithelial cells. The strains did not differ in chemotactic behavior to mucin or @entity3953 .

title: Comparative study of colonizing and noncolonizing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5363 :: ('197', 'Species') :: ['Campylobacter jejuni']

answer: @entity5363 :: (197,Species) :: ['Campylobacter jejuni']


abstract: Inflammatory cells were obtained from the spinal cords of @entity35 with acute @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ) induced by inoculation with @entity8382 ( @entity8382 ) and adjuvants. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to investigate the expression of mRNA for @entity5041 ( @entity5041 ), @entity12718 , @entity13358 and @entity3692 ( @entity3692 ) by cells from groups of @entity35 studied 10-21 days after inoculation. On all days of study, the inflammatory cells, which were predominantly lymphocytes, expressed mRNA for @entity5041 , @entity12718 , @entity13358 and @entity3692 . In the mRNA from normal @entity35 spinal cord tissue, there was little expression of cytokine mRNA. Cells from a short-term @entity8382 -reactive T cell line expressed all the cytokines. Densitometry was used to measure the products of PCR, to assess the expression of each cytokine relative to that of @entity4644 . @entity5041 mRNA was expressed throughout the course of disease and reached a peak on day 18, during late clinical recovery. @entity3692 was expressed throughout the course of the disease and was also high during late recovery. @entity12718 mRNA was present in the spinal cord throughout the course of the disease, with a slight rise during late recovery. Relative expression of @entity13358 rose to a peak on days 17-19, during late recovery from clinical disease. This study indicates that @entity5041 , @entity12718 , @entity13358 and @entity3692 are expressed by inflammatory cells in the spinal cord in @entity6503 , with the relative expression of all cytokines being high during late clinical recovery.

title: Cytokine expression by inflammatory cells obtained from the spinal cords of Lewis @entity35 with @entity6503 induced by inoculation with XXXX and adjuvants.

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

answer: @entity8382 :: (24547(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['myelin basic protein']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Functional capacity evaluations (FCEs) are commonly used to determine return-to-work readiness and guide decision making following work @entity130 , yet little is known of their validity. The authors examined performance on the Isernhagen Work Systems' @entity7886 as a predictor of timely and sustained recovery in workers' compensation claimants with @entity851 . A secondary objective was to determine whether @entity7886 is more predictive in claimants with specific injuries (that is, @entity174 ) as compared to less specific, @entity2531 (that is, @entity158 ). METHODS: The authors performed a longitudinal study of 336 claimants with @entity851 undergoing @entity7886 . @entity7886 indicators were maximum performance during handgrip and lift testing, and the number of tasks where performance was rated below required job demands. Outcomes investigated were days receiving time-loss benefits (a surrogate of return to work or work readiness) in the year following @entity7886 , days until claim closure, and future recurrence defined as whether benefits restarted, the claim reopened, or a new upper extremity claim was filed. Cox and logistic regression were used to determine the prognostic effect of @entity7886 crudely and after controlling for potential confounders. Analysis was performed separately on claimants with specific and @entity2531 . RESULTS: Most subjects (95%) experienced time-loss benefit suspension within one year following @entity7886 . The one year recurrence rate was 39%. Higher lifting performance was associated with faster benefit suspension and claim closure, but explained little variation in these outcomes (r2 = 1.2-11%). No @entity7886 indicators were associated with future recurrence after controlling for confounders. Results were similar between specific injury and less specific groups. CONCLUSIONS: Better @entity7886 performance was a weak predictor of faster benefit suspension, and was unrelated to sustained recovery. @entity7886 was no more predictive in claimants with specific @entity130 than in those with more ambiguous, @entity158 mediated conditions.

title: Does functional capacity evaluation predict recovery in workers' compensation claimants with XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity disorders']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['pain mediated disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['myofascial pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['pathology and injury', 'related injury']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['upper extremity disorders']


abstract: To evaluate the neural regulation of postprandial @entity1943 release we studied the effect of blockade of (a) alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic and (b) cholinergic receptors on the plasma @entity1943 , @entity8243 and @entity2690 responses to a standard meal in two groups of five fasting healthy male volunteers. @entity9005 (0.1 mg/kg iv over two minutes then 10 mg/hour for two hours) and @entity1169 (0.15 mg/kg iv over two minutes, then 0.75 mg/kg/hour for two hours) were started just before eating while @entity3897 (0.04 mg/kg/im) was given at 15 minutes on completion of the meal. There was a prompt and sustained rise in plasma @entity1943 after a control meal in all experiments. This rise was arrested by @entity3897 but not altered by either @entity9005 or @entity1169 . The plasma @entity8243 response to a meal was moderately enhanced by @entity9005 and markedly enhanced by @entity3897 . Postprandial @entity2690 release was not affected by alpha- or beta-adrenergic blockade but was abolished by @entity3897 . The effect of @entity3897 on the postprandial plasma @entity1943 rise might have been mediated through reduction in gastric acidity or delay in gastric emptying. Hence we gave five fasting male volunteers and intraduodenal infusion of fat emulsion (25 calories in 30 minutes) on two occasions both alone and after @entity3897 . Plasma @entity1943 rose during the fat infusion alone and this rise was abolished by @entity3897 . These data suggest that (a) cholinergic but not adrenergic mechanisms are important modulators of plasma @entity1943 release after orally ingested and intraduodenally infused nutrients (b) @entity3897 abolishes plasma @entity1943 release independently of its effects on gastric acidity and motility and (c) are consistent with the hypothesis that @entity3897 potentiates postprandial @entity8243 release through reduction of @entity1943 mediated inhibition.

title: Autonomic regulation of postprandial plasma XXXX , @entity8243 , and @entity2690 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity9005 :: ('MESH:D013948', 'Chemical') :: ['Thymoxamine', 'thymoxamine']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['somatostatin']


abstract: To clarify the natural history of @entity8 and to determine important factors in the progressive @entity177 in affected @entity1 , 121 @entity1 with @entity8 were followed for a median of 92 months. The cumulative probability of not progressing to @entity454 (that is, of renal survival) was 0.87 at 15 years after the onset of 1st symptoms and 0.86 at 10 years after presentation and biopsy. Eight percent of @entity1 progressed to @entity454 , and 12% had a greater than 20% decline in renal function. A complete remission of disease activity was seen in 12% of @entity1 , and the remaining 68% maintained stable renal function. When the final serum @entity1011 was expressed as a percentage of the initial serum @entity1011 for each @entity1 and compared with all other variables, a number of factors were found to affect renal outcome. Of the presenting features, increased age, family history of @entity1310 , longer duration of symptoms, and presence of either @entity1985 -range @entity644 or @entity101 were all associated, by univariate analysis, with an adverse outcome, while a history of recurrent macroscopic @entity811 and @entity2789 activity were associated with a favorable outcome. Multivariate analysis showed that @entity1985 -range @entity644 had an independent adverse effect. Of the initial laboratory findings, by univariate analysis, the number of hyaline casts, the degree of @entity8 , the degree of @entity644 , raised beta globulins on serum protein electrophoresis, and serum C4 concentrations were all associated with an adverse outcome, while the severity of initial @entity811 and @entity4658 were associated with a favorable outcome. Renal biopsy findings associated with an adverse outcome by univariate analysis include, on light microscopy, the percentage of glomeruli with @entity1463 or segmental @entity1463 or adhesions, the degrees of @entity194 or @entity82 , @entity32 and blood-vessel thickening, and, on immunofluorescence, the intensity of IgA deposition. Multivariate analysis showed independent adverse effects on renal outcome of global @entity631 , segmental @entity631 or adhesions, and a combined mesangial and capillary wall deposition of IgM. Features at final assessment or during follow-up associated with an adverse outcome include, by univariate analysis, the number of hyaline casts, the degree of @entity8 , the degree of @entity644 , reduced serum IgG and IGM concentrations, reduced final IgA expressed as a percentage of the initial IgA concentration, transient decreases of @entity1011 clearance during follow-up of > 10% or > 20%, and persistence or development of @entity101 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: XXXX : analysis of the natural history, important factors in the progression of @entity8 , and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IgA nephropathy', 'impairment of renal function']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2789 :: ('MESH:D018450', 'Disease') :: ['infection-associated exacerbations of disease']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['loss of renal function']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['global sclerosis', 'sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['tubular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['IgA nephropathy']


abstract: Tumor-derived DNA has been shown in various cell-free body fluids. In this study, soluble @entity5 -derived DNA was analyzed in serum and plasma samples of @entity1 with B-cell @entity5 . DNA was extracted from @entity5 cell specimens as well as serum and plasma samples collected from 110 @entity1 with @entity1893 and @entity981 and was subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis for rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain DNA. In 54% of serum or plasma samples analyzed at different times before and during treatment, clonal DNA from a rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain locus was detectable. When examined at diagnosis and before any treatment, clonotypic DNA was found in serum or plasma of 86% of the patients. Serum or plasma from @entity1 with @entity262 was uniformly PCR positive, whereas clonotypic DNA was also recovered from the serum or plasma from the majority of @entity1 with limited disease stages. Degradation of clonal DNA by nucleases in vitro was shown to be one cause of false-negative PCR results. This technical drawback can be relieved by adding a nuclease inhibitor like @entity1098 , ie, by using plasma instead of serum for PCR analysis. Treatment of @entity1 with cytotoxic drugs was followed by rapid clearance of DNA from the peripheral blood, suggesting that soluble @entity5 -derived DNA might be associated with viable and proliferating @entity5 cells. Follow-up studies showed a close correlation of persisting soluble @entity5 -derived DNA with resistant disease or early relapse. In summary, these data suggest that @entity5 -derived DNA can be detected in serum or plasma of the majority of @entity1 with B-cell @entity5 and that testing of serum or plasma for @entity5 -associated DNA may be a novel parameter for monitoring response to treatment.

title: Rearranged Ig heavy chain DNA is detectable in cell-free blood samples of XXXX with B-cell neoplasia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute B-precursor lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic or bulky disease']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity420 of the jejunum and ileum are rare @entity344 . Because few large published experiences exist, we reviewed @entity1 with @entity420 treated at our institution over the last 25 years. Between January 1976 and December 2001, 77 @entity1 had an operation for a jejunal or ileal @entity420 . Records were retrospectively reviewed for @entity1 , @entity5 , and treatment variables. Factors affecting disease recurrence and @entity1 survival were investigated. Fifty-two of the @entity420 (67%) occurred in the jejunum and 25 occurred in the ileum (33%). Mean @entity1 age was 63 +/- 14 years. Segmental bowel resection was performed in 50 @entity1 (65%) with curative intent. Palliative operative procedures including resection or bypass were performed in 27 @entity1 (35%). One (1%) @entity1 had stage I, 18 (23%) stage II, 19 (25%) stage III, and 39 (51%) stage IV @entity420 at diagnosis. Postoperatively, 12 @entity1 had palliative and 18 adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 30), radiation therapy (n = 1), or combination treatment (n = 7). Median @entity1 survival was 19 months. Sixty-six percent of @entity1 who had a curative operation had a @entity5 relapse. @entity5 stage had a highly significant effect (P < 0.0001) on median survival (72 months for stage I and II, 30 months for stage III, and 9 months for stage IV disease). In multivariate analysis of @entity1 having curative treatment, @entity5 recurrence (P < 0.0001), stage (P < 0.0002), and @entity353 (P < 0.001) were significant negative prognostic indicators. Most @entity1 with @entity420 of the jejunum or ileum present with advanced disease. @entity5 stage, disease recurrence, and @entity353 predicted @entity1 outcome following a curative operation. Early recognition of these @entity5 requires a high index of suspicion.

title: XXXX of the jejunum and ileum: a 25-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malignancies']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'jejunal and ileal adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma', 'Adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Adenocarcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine changes in bone mineral density at the hip and calcaneus in the injured and uninjured sides after surgery for @entity174 . DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal study. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 with a @entity174 were treated with a reamed and statically locked intramedullary nail with early weight-bearing. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at the proximal femur and quantitative ultrasonography at the calcaneus were performed bilaterally after surgery and after three, six, and twelve months. RESULTS: At three months, the bone mineral density in the trochanteric region in the injured limb had decreased almost 4 percent (p < 0.007), a reduction still present at twelve months, whereas in the femoral neck, the reduction was approximately 2.5 percent at twelve months (p < 0.03). The stiffness index and speed of sound at the calcaneus on the injured side decreased (p < 0.03 and p < 0.008, respectively) during the first three months, whereas at twelve months, there was no significant difference when compared with those measured directly after surgery. There were no significant changes at any time in the proximal femur or calcaneus of the uninjured limb. CONCLUSION: Treatment with a reamed statically locked intramedullary nail and early weight-bearing resulted in limited @entity604 in the proximal femur and calcaneus of the injured limb. After twelve months, the bone properties at the heel were restored, whereas there was still a small reduction at the hip. Compared with previous studies of @entity1 with similar @entity174 treated with casts and restricted weight-bearing, the loss in bone mineral density was less and not as longstanding.

title: Limited @entity604 in the hip and heel after reamed intramedullary fixation and early weight-bearing of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'tibial fractures', 'tibial fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['tibial fractures']


abstract: : Our objective was to assess the association between smoking status before the onset of disease and @entity29 ( @entity29 ) in Israeli Jewish @entity1 through a case-control study conducted at the Hadassah University Hospital in Jerusalem, Israel, and a periodic health examination center. The cases included 71 @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and 91 with @entity30 . @entity1 younger than 18 years at onset of disease were excluded. The controls included 162 healthy, asymptomatic individuals, matched with the @entity1 with @entity29 by age at onset of disease and gender. Fewer @entity1 with @entity31 were current smokers (9.8%) than were controls (25.0%; p < 0.05). More @entity1 with @entity31 were former smokers (21.0%) than were controls (14.0%; p < 0.05). The odds ratio for @entity31 in smokers compared with ex-smokers was 0.26 (95% CI, 0.13-0.53), and for smokers compared with never-smokers was 0.34 (95% CI, 0.21-0.54). No significant associations were found between smoking status and @entity30 . The results for @entity31 are consistent with most reports and probably reflect a true association between smoking status and disease. The lack of association between smoking and @entity30 is in agreement with a previous Israeli study but differs from other reports. This may reflect a genetic predisposition among Jews that obscures the effects of smoking.

title: The association between smoking and @entity29 among israeli jewish XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The Food Research and Action Center estimates that approximately 12% of all families with @entity1 younger than 12 years old experience @entity1887 in the United States. The authors conducted 16 focus groups with 141 @entity1 , who were either at risk or experienced @entity1887 , to learn about coping strategies. Individual and network-level coping mechanisms were used to manage insufficient food supply. Social networks included family, friends, and neighbors. The assistance provided included food aid, information, and emotional support. Not all networks were relied on or accessed by everyone. Most @entity1 reported that they relied on family members first, followed by friends, and then neighbors. Parents found reliance on anyone as stressful and often threatening. In conclusion, as the social welfare system becomes constrained, more and more households may experience @entity1887 . Responsive policies are therefore needed to assist low-income families.

title: Social support and coping behaviors of low-income families experiencing XXXX in North Carolina.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['food insufficiency']

answer: @entity1887 :: (MESH:D000309,Disease) :: ['food insufficiency']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of the treatment of unruptured tubal ectopic pregnancies by the use of @entity544 laser laparoscopy. STUDY DESIGN: A series of 125 consecutive ectopic pregnancies were treated laparoscopically; the tubal pregnancy was removed by a laparoscopic laser technique. Preoperative assessment included monitoring beta- @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin levels, use of vaginal ultrasonography, and preoperative and postoperative hematocrit levels. RESULTS: Laparoscopic laser surgery was successful for removal of tubal ectopic pregnancies in all but four @entity1 , in whom a laparotomy was required. Hematocrit levels before and after surgery were similar. The time necessary for beta- @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin to fall to nondetectable levels averaged between 3 and 4 weeks. There were five @entity1 who had complications requiring additional surgery and/or medical treatment. CONCLUSION: The techniques are easy to learn, and the use of laparoscopic laser surgery in the treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancies appears to be a safe procedure with definite advantages for both the @entity1 and the physician. There are decreased operating times, shorter hospital stays, and lower medical costs compared with those for major surgery. Subsequent successful intrauterine pregnancy rates are comparable to those of conservative methods previously reported.

title: The use of XXXX laser laparoscopy in the treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: The aim of this study was to produce monoclonal antibodies specific for neurones that are generated earliest in the @entity35 neocortex. One of the established clones, K1, showed a strong immunoreactivity in the marginal zone at the 19th day of gestation (E19). The immunoreactivity of K1 initially appeared in the primordial plexiform layer at E15, in the subplate at E16, and in the marginal zone by E17. It became undetectable in the first postnatal week. The immunoreactivity was not detected in the neocortex of adults or elderly. Western blotting analysis revealed reactive bands at positions corresponding to proteins of 290 and 280 kDa for the neocortical membrane fractions prepared from E16 to E21 embryos. In these stages, smears of bands were also found at positions corresponding to higher molecular weights. A single band of protein of 280 kDa was detected for the soluble fractions prepared from the embryos at E19 and E21. These reactivities were susceptible to protease, but not to enzymatic or chemical destruction of @entity1735 residues. Electron microscopic analysis showed that the K1 immunoreactivity was detected primarily on the cellular membranes of @entity527 . In the marginal zone at E19, the K1 immunoreactivity was localised where @entity527 make contact with other @entity527 or somata. A portion of these contact points had typical features of synapses. In the cortical plate of the same stage, arrays of tiny K1-immunoreactive puncta were observed on a subset of radial processes. These results suggest that monoclonal antibody K1 is a marker recognising @entity527 of subplate neurones that extend radially and make neuronal contacts in the marginal zone.

title: A novel monoclonal antibody K1 recognises early neurones in the XXXX cortex.

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['neurites']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The protein C anticoagulant pathway is critical to the control of hemostasis. Thrombomodulin and a newly identified receptor for protein C/activated protein C, @entity25698 , are both present on endothelium. @entity25698 augments activation of protein C by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex. METHODS AND RESULTS: To gain a better understanding of the relationship between thrombomodulin and @entity25698 , we compared the cellular specificity and tissue distributions of these two receptors by using immunohistochemistry. @entity25698 expression was detected almost exclusively on endothelium in @entity1 and @entity3474 tissues. In most organs, @entity25698 was expressed relatively intensely on the endothelium of all arteries and veins, most arterioles, and some postcapillary venules. @entity25698 staining was usually negative on capillary endothelial cells. In contrast, thrombomodulin was detected at high concentrations in both large vessels and capillary endothelium. Both thrombomodulin and @entity25698 were expressed poorly on brain capillaries. The liver sinusoids were the only capillaries in which @entity25698 was expressed at moderate levels and thrombomodulin was low. @entity25698 and thrombomodulin were both expressed on the endothelium of vasa recta in the renal medulla, the lymph node subcapsular and medullary sinuses, and some capillaries within the adrenal gland. Even in these organs the majority of capillaries were @entity25698 negative or stained weakly. CONCLUSIONS: These studies suggest that @entity25698 may be important in enhancing protein C activation on large vessels. The presence of high levels of @entity25698 on arterial vessels may help explain why partial @entity7131 is a weak risk factor for arterial @entity715 .

title: XXXX protein C receptor is present primarily on endothelium of large blood vessels: implications for the control of the protein C pathway.

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein C deficiency']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Although @entity887 (PVE) has been used preoperatively to extend indications for hepatectomy in @entity1 with colorectal metastases, the effects of this procedure on @entity5 growth and outcome remain controversial. To address this issue, we assessed the proliferative activity of intrahepatic metastases after PVE and the long-term outcome of this procedure. Eighteen @entity1 with colorectal metastases underwent preoperative PVE between 1996 and 2000 (PVE group). Twenty-nine @entity1 who underwent major hepatic resection without PVE served as control (non-PVE group). The hepatic parenchymal fraction of the left lobe had significantly increased from 38.1 +/- 3.2% to 45.9 +/- 2.9% 3 weeks after PVE (+20.5%, P <.0001). @entity5 volume and percent @entity5 volume had also significantly increased from 223 +/- 89 mL to 270 +/- 97 mL (+20.8%, P =.016) and from 13.7 + 4.3% to 16.2 + 4.9% (+18.5%, P =.014), respectively. There was no apparent correlation between the increase in parenchymal volume and that in @entity5 volume. The Ki-67 labeling index of metastatic lesions was 46.6 +/- 7.2% in the PVE group and 35.4 +/- 12.6% in the non-PVE group (P =.013). Long-term survival was similar in the PVE and non-PVE groups, however, disease-free survival was significantly poorer in the PVE group than in the non-PVE group (P =.004). We conclude that PVE increases @entity5 growth and probably is associated with enhanced recurrence of disease. Although PVE is effective in extending indications for surgery, @entity1 selection for PVE should be cautious.

title: Proliferative activity of intrahepatic colorectal metastases after preoperative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['hemihepatic portal vein embolization']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

answer: @entity887 :: (MESH:D004617,Disease) :: ['hemihepatic portal vein embolization']


abstract: The management for mucosal @entity320 of the head and neck is controversial in view of the poor prognosis. Thirty-five @entity1 seen from 1955 to 1991 were analyzed retrospectively. Almost all (34/35) presented with localized disease. Primary treatments included radical surgery (15), local resection (11), radiation therapy (6), or systemic treatment (2). While the rate of local recurrence was high (27/34), only 5 @entity1 developed distant disease before local relapse. Furthermore, only 5/21 achieved successful local salvage. @entity1 with their disease controlled locally had significantly longer survival than those with persistent @entity66 (P = .0001). The 5-year disease-specific survival was 45%. The authors conclude that mucosal @entity320 of the head and neck is not necessarily incurable. When local control is achieved, survival rate is significantly improved. Aggressive local treatments should be initiated at presentation of this disease.

title: XXXX of the head and neck: the impact of local control on survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Mucosal melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity3030 ( @entity3030 ) and anterior tibial cortex (ATC) are good determinants of the sagittal @entity3883 ( @entity3883 ) of lower legs during total knee arthroplasty (TKA).When compared with healthy subjects, a significant medial tibial torsion has been reported in @entity1 with @entity626 ; this should affect the alignment of lower legs. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of the medial torsion on relationship between sagittal @entity3883 and intraoperative references ( @entity3030 and ATC). METHODS: Fifty knees of 50 @entity1 with @entity626 who underwent primary TKA were included in this study. Using preoperative computed tomographic data, the tibial torsion angle was measured in the axial plane. The angle between @entity3030 and @entity3883 , and the angle between ATC and @entity3883 were also measured in the sagittal plane. RESULTS: The tibial torsion angle was 7.9        7.2   (range -11.3   to -24.3  ). The angle between @entity3883 and @entity3030 was -1.8        0.8   (range -0.1   to -4.3  ), and the angle between @entity3883 and ATC was 4.6        0.5   (range 3.1   to 5.5  ). The population variance was significantly larger for the angle between @entity3883 and @entity3030 than that between @entity3883 and ATC (P  =  0.0160). There was a significant positive correlation between the tibial torsion angle and the angle between @entity3883 and @entity3030 (R (2)  =  0.5111, P  <  0.0001). CONCLUSION: The angle between @entity3030 and @entity3883 in the sagittal plane increased in @entity1 with large medial tibial torsion.

title: Effect of medial tibial torsion on the sagittal alignment of lower legs in XXXX with @entity626 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['MA', 'mechanical axis']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['medial knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity3030 :: ('MESH:D020427', 'Disease') :: ['fibular axis', 'FA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Recently, the HPA-1b ( @entity18470 ) polymorphism of the platelet glycoprotein IIIa has been suggested as a genetic risk factor for @entity453 . We conducted two case-control studies of 103 @entity1 with @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and 101 @entity1 with @entity299 ( @entity299 ). The groups were matched for age, race and sex. No significant differences regarding selected risk factors ( @entity101 , @entity6 , hypercholesterolaemia and smoking) were found between case @entity1 and controls. Moreover, we investigated 286 normal individuals from the Mediterranean area. Genotyping of @entity10464 was performed by PCR-allelic specific restriction and single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. The prevalence of HPA-1b was similar among case @entity1 and controls (29.2% vs. 25.3% and 26.7% vs. 34.6% for @entity66 and @entity299 case-control studies, respectively). The HPA-1b allele was found in 36.4% of the normal population. Finally, the analysis of platelet function in nine controls with the three possible @entity10464 genotypes (three a/a, three a/b and three b/b) indicates that HPA-1b genotype does not modify either the in vitro platelet aggregation and activation profile, nor the @entity1427 /IIIa interaction with @entity2002 or @entity2880 factor. Our results do not support the role of HPA-1b polymorphism as an inherited risk factor for arterial @entity715 .

title: XXXX genotype in arterial @entity715 --role of HPA-1b polymorphism in platelet function.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'ischaemic cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease', 'IHD']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity10464 :: (10855,Gene) :: ['HPA-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6558 ( @entity6558 ) and @entity6017 ( @entity6017 ) are infrequent diseases. Data on incidence and prevalence are scarce and conflicting. There are no such data in Latin America and in Argentina in particular. OBJECTIVES: We undertook to examine the incidence and prevalence of @entity6558 / @entity6017 in the prepaid health maintenance organization (HMO) of our hospital, in the city of Buenos Aires. METHODS: Members of the HMO between January 1999 and June 2009 were identified from medical records of @entity1 followed up by us at the HMO. Incident cases and prevalence were calculated at the end of the period. RESULTS: During the study period, 146,747 @entity1 contributed a total of 937,902.6 @entity1 -years (mean age was 46.6 [SD, 18.4] years, and 59% were female). Ten incident cases were detected, 7 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 with a global incidence rate (IR) of 1.07 per 100,000 @entity1 -years (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-1.84). Three subjects had @entity6017 with an IR of 0.32 per 100,000 @entity1 -years (95% CI, 0.1-0.99), and 7 had @entity6558 with an IR of 0.75 per 100,000 @entity1 -years (95% CI, 0.35-0.16). On June 1, 2009, 17 prevalent cases were detected, with a mean age of 48.9 (SD, 17.7) years; 76% were female, representing a prevalence of 17.4 per 100,000 @entity1 (95% CI, 10.1-27.8). Among the 17 @entity1 with @entity5442 , 10 @entity1 had @entity6017 , with a prevalence of 10.22 per 100,000 @entity1 (95% CI, 4.9-18.8), and 7 had @entity6558 (prevalence, 7.2 per 100,000 @entity1 [95% CI, 2.9-14.7]). CONCLUSIONS: It is difficult to compare studies from different populations and using different ascertainment techniques. These first data from Latin America are in general agreement with many studies.

title: Incidence and prevalence of @entity6558 and XXXX in a health management organization in Buenos Aires.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity5442 :: ('MESH:D009220', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic inflammatory myopathy']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['Polymyositis', 'PM']

answer: @entity6017 :: (MESH:D003882,Disease) :: ['dermatomyositis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There is a decrease in the anesthetic efficacy of @entity616 in @entity1 with irreversible @entity11624 . It was hypothesized that the increasing the volume of anesthetic solution may improve the success rates of dental pulp anesthesia in @entity1 with @entity158 . METHODS: Fifty-five adult volunteers, actively experiencing @entity158 , participated in this prospective, randomized, single-blind study. The @entity1 were divided into 2 groups on a random basis and received an @entity616 with either 1.8 mL or 3.6 mL of 2% @entity3303 with 1:200,000 epinephrine. Endodontic access preparation was initiated after 15 minutes of the initial IANB. @entity158 during treatment was recorded using the Heft-Parker visual analog scale ( @entity4306 VAS). The primary outcome measure, and the definition of "success," was the ability to undertake pulp access and canal instrumentation with no or mild @entity158 ( @entity4306 VAS score <55 mm). Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test. RESULTS: All @entity1 included in the final analysis had profound lip anesthesia. There were no significant differences in sex, age, or preoperative @entity158 scores of the experimental groups. IANBs of 1.8 mL @entity3303 with @entity1425 had a success rate of 26%, whereas the administration of 3.6 mL had a 54% success rate. The difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing the volume of 2% @entity3303 to 3.6 mL improved the success rate as compared with 1.8 mL but did not give a clinical success rates of 100%.

title: Comparative evaluation of 1.8 mL and 3.6 mL of 2% @entity3303 with 1:200,000 epinephrine for @entity616 in XXXX with irreversible @entity11624 : a prospective, randomized single-blind study.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pulpal pain', 'Pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['inferior alveolar nerve blocks', 'inferior alveolar nerve block']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The vast majority of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) recipients require transvenous lead insertion, which may be hindered by the presence of @entity1211 . The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and variations of persistent @entity4264 (PLSVC) and to conduct subsequent outpatient follow-up in terms of device function and the clinical condition of the recipients using data from CIED placement procedures conducted over a 12-year period. METHODS: The study population included @entity1 undergoing first-time transvenous implantation of cardiac pacemakers and @entity737 ( @entity737 ). The presence of PLSVC was determined based on intra-procedure venography. Outpatient follow-up involved assessments of @entity1 condition, radiological imaging, and CIED function. RESULTS: Of a total of 4708 CIED recipients, PLSVC was detected in eight @entity1 (mean age 65.5  13.9); five of them had double superior @entity4264 (DSVC), including three cases in which the vessels were bridged with a brachiocephalic vein ( @entity21168 ). Three @entity1 presented PLSVC associated with the absence of the right superior @entity4264 (RSVC), a @entity395 . Seven @entity1 remain under observation, for a total of 78.4  48.4 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of @entity1211 in the form of PLSVC detected in the evaluated population was 0.17%. These PLSVC cases were asymptomatic, which hindered their earlier detection. The presence of these anomalies made the procedures more challenging for the operator and increased the perioperative complication rates; however, neither @entity1 condition nor CIED function was affected based on the long-term outpatient follow-up.

title: The prevalence of superior XXXX as detected in cardiac implantable electronic device recipients at a tertiary cardiology centre over a 12-year period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4264 :: ('MESH:D013479', 'Disease') :: ['left superior vena cava', 'vena cava']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['implantable cardioverter-defibrillators', 'ICDs']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['very rare anomaly']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous anomalies']

answer: @entity4264 :: (MESH:D013479,Disease) :: ['vena cava anomalies']


abstract: @entity27278 is involved in regulating cell-cell junctions, in cooperation with cadherins, integrins and platelet-derived growth factor receptor, that are essential for intercellular communication. Its role in malignant transformation was previously described. It has been reported that transformation of melanocytes is associated with altered expression of adhesion molecules suggesting the potential involment of @entity27278 in @entity320 development and prognosis. To shed light on this issue, the expression and the role of @entity27278 in @entity320 tissues was investigated by bioinformatic and molecular approaches. @entity27278 was up-regulated both at the mRNA and the protein levels in @entity1 , M14 and A375 cell lines compared with normal melanocytes. A subsequent analysis in primary and metastatic @entity320 specimens confirmed "in vitro" findings. @entity27278 overexpression was observed in 53 of 59 (89.8%) and 12 of 12 (100%), primary @entity320 and @entity320 metastasis, respectively; while, low expression of @entity27278 was detected in 12 of 20 (60%) benign nevi. A significant correlation of @entity27278 overexpression was observed with most of known negative @entity320 prognostic factors, including lymph-node involvement (P = 0.009) and thickness (P = 0.004). Intriguingly, by analyzing the large series of @entity320 samples in the Xu dataset, we identified the transcription factor @entity19767 among genes positively correlated with @entity27278 (r = 0.5). The concordant computational and experimental data of the present study indicate that the extent of @entity27278 expression correlates with @entity320 progression.

title: Nectin like-5 overexpression correlates with the malignant phenotype in cutaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the production of the monocyte activation marker, soluble @entity5750 (sCD14), after bacille Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) immunotherapy for superficial @entity150 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 with @entity2735 were treated with a standard regimen of intravesical BCG. Urine samples were collected after each instillation and analysed; the levels of soluble @entity5750 were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the molecular weight confirmed by Western blotting and the possible cell source investigated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The mean levels of sCD14 were higher in @entity1 with persistent @entity189 (designated as failures) than in those who had successful complete responses (responders) to BCG immunotherapy. The differences were statistically significant, with P = 0.034 at instillation 4 and P = 0.027 at instillation 5 for the total mass of sCD14, and P = 0.049 at instillation 4 for the concentration of sCD14. The predominant type of sCD14 in urine was the 48 kDa form, although in most @entity1 there was a minor band of reactivity at 54 kDa. A panel of @entity1 @entity150 cell lines did not react with the anti- @entity5750 monoclonal antibodies 3C10, 5C5 and BA8, and the antibodies also failed to react with malignant epithelial cells in frozen sections of untreated @entity150 . Furthermore, sCD14 was not secreted by cultured @entity150 cells. The source of urinary sCD14 is likely to be the resident and infiltrating macrophages in the bladder wall. Freshly isolated peripheral blood monocytes secreted sCD14 in response to BCG in a manner analogous to stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. CONCLUSION: A soluble form of @entity5750 is secreted into the urine of @entity1 who receive intravesical BCG. The measurement of soluble urinary @entity5750 could be of prognostic significance for the response to immunotherapy.

title: Soluble urinary @entity5750 after intravesical bacille Calmette-Gu  rin immunotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'bladder tumour']

answer: @entity2735 :: (MESH:D002278,Disease) :: ['carcinoma in situ']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We present an unusual case of fitting in the mother and newborn @entity1 , and the challenges faced in the management of their hyponatraemia due to @entity11896 . CASE PRESENTATION: A previously well 37-year-old, primigravid Caucasian @entity1 presented with features mimicking @entity3036 during labour. These included confusion, reduced consciousness and @entity410 but without a significant history of @entity101 , @entity644 or other features of @entity1468 . Her serum @entity1372 was noted to be low at 111 mmol/litre as was that of her newborn baby. She needed anti-convulsants with subsequent intubation to stop the fitting and was commenced on a @entity4372 saline infusion with frequent monitoring of serum @entity1372 . There is a risk of long-term @entity16 from central pontine @entity6150 if the hyponatraemia is corrected too rapidly. Mother and baby went on to make a full recovery without any long-term neurological complications. CONCLUSION: There is little consensus on the treatment of life-threatening hyponatraemia. Previous articles have outlined several possible management strategies as well as their risks. After literature review, an increase in serum @entity1372 concentration of no more than 8-10 mmol/litre in 24 hours is felt to be safe but can be exceeded with extreme caution if life-threatening symptoms do not resolve. Formulae exist to calculate the amount of @entity1372 needed and how much @entity4372 intravenous fluid will be required to allow safer correction. We hypothesise the possible causes of hyponatraemia in this @entity1 and underline its similarity in symptom presentation to @entity3036 .

title: XXXX presenting as @entity410 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity11896 :: ('MESH:D014869', 'Disease') :: ['water intoxication']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological damage']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic']

entities_list: @entity6150 :: ('MESH:D017590', 'Disease') :: ['myelinolysis']

answer: @entity11896 :: (MESH:D014869,Disease) :: ['Water intoxication']