abstract: BACKGROUND: According to current recommendations, blood samples should be taken in the morning after 15 minutes' resting time. Some components exhibit diurnal variation and in response to pressures to expand opening hours and reduce waiting time, the aims of this study were to investigate the impact of resting time prior to blood sampling and diurnal variation on biochemical components, including albumin, thyrotropin (TSH), total @entity460 and @entity1372 in plasma. METHODS: All @entity1 referred to an outpatient clinic for blood sampling were included in the period Nov 2011 until June 2014 (opening hours: 7am-3pm). Each @entity1 's arrival time and time of blood sampling were registered. The impact of resting time and the time of day for all components was analysed using simple linear regression. The "maximum allowable bias" was used as quality indicator for the change in reference interval. RESULTS: Significant diurnal variation was found for albumin (n = 15,544; p<2*10-16), TSH (n = 20,019; p<2*10-16), @entity460 (n = 13,588; p = 2.8*10-12) and @entity1372 (n = 51,917; p<2*10-16). Further significant influence for resting time was found for albumin (p = 2.6*10-4), TSH (p = 0.004), @entity460 (p = 8.9*10-7) and @entity1372 (p = 8.7*10-16). Only TSH and albumin were clinically significantly influenced by diurnal variation. Resting time had no clinically significant effect. CONCLUSIONS: We found no need for resting 15 minutes prior to blood sampling. However, diurnal variation was found to have a significant and considerable impact on TSH and, to a minor degree, albumin. This has to be taken into account to ensure that reference intervals provided by the laboratory are valid on a 24-hour basis.

title: Standardised Resting Time Prior to Blood Sampling and Diurnal Variation Associated with Risk of XXXX Misclassification: Results from Selected Biochemical Components.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: We have demonstrated @entity141 mobilization induced by @entity8580 compounds from intracellular stores of isolated porcine thyroid cells that were permeabilized with saponin and from fractionated thyroid microsomes that were preloaded with @entity141 . In the presence of @entity3857 and @entity8581 , a mitochondrial inhibitor, the @entity141 concentration in the cell suspension decreased after the addition of @entity855 ; the addition of @entity671 (IP3) elicited transient elevations in @entity141 . The half-effective concentration (EC50) of IP3 was about 1 microM. TSH, @entity934 , and @entity1063 had no effect on the @entity141 movement, but @entity1078 ( @entity1078 ) induced a similar @entity141 release (EC50 = 3 microM). PIP2-induced release decreased as the @entity1025 concentration was raised. After the release induced by a maximal amount of IP3, PIP2 could induce a further @entity141 release. We also measured @entity141 efflux from fractionated microsomes preloaded with 45 @entity141 by @entity855 -dependent transport. IP3 induced a small efflux of 45 @entity141 , but PIP2 was much more effective at low @entity1025 concentrations. More than half of the loaded 45Ca2+ was released by 10 microM PIP2 within 30 sec, and the EC50 was 0.7 microM. These results suggest that @entity141 mobilization from the microsomes mediated by @entity8580 compounds participates in the regulation of thyroid cell functions.

title: Calcium release from porcine thyroid microsomes by XXXX and @entity671 .

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol']

entities_list: @entity1078 :: ('CHEBI:18348', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate', 'PIP2']

entities_list: @entity8581 :: ('MESH:D000968', 'Chemical') :: ['antimycin A']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1078 :: (CHEBI:18348,Chemical) :: ['phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate']


abstract: Stomata, the microscopic pores on the surface of the aerial parts of plants, are bordered by two specialized cells, known as guard cells, which control the stomatal aperture according to endogenous and environmental signals. Like most movements occurring in plants, the opening and closing of stomata are based on hydraulic forces. During opening, the activation of plasma membrane and tonoplast transporters results in solute accumulation in the guard cells. To re-establish the perturbed osmotic equilibrium, water follows the solutes into the cells, leading to their swelling. Numerous studies have contributed to the understanding of the mechanism and regulation of stomatal movements. However, despite the importance of transmembrane water flow during this process, only a few studies have provided evidence for the involvement of water channels, called aquaporins. Here, we microdissected @entity2829 stomatal complexes and showed that members of the aquaporin plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) subfamily are expressed in these complexes and that their mRNA expression generally follows a diurnal pattern. The substrate specificity of two of the expressed ZmPIPs, @entity13751 and @entity13752 , was investigated by heterologous expression in @entity1238 oocytes and @entity375 cells. Our data show that both isoforms facilitate transmembrane water diffusion in the presence of the @entity13753 isoform. In addition, both display @entity515 permeability comparable to that of the @entity515 diffusion facilitator NtAQP1. These data indicate that ZmPIPs may have various physiological roles in stomatal complexes.

title: Expression and characterization of plasma membrane aquaporins in stomatal complexes of XXXX .

answer: @entity2829 :: (4577,Species) :: ['Zea mays']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine changes of @entity18515 expression in distal colon and the sensitivity of colonic muscle to SLIGRL- @entity2733 , the @entity18515 -activating peptide ( @entity18515 -AP) following @entity6835 . @entity14341 was administrated intragastrically in healthy male @entity35 to induce @entity6835 . The effect of SLIGRL- @entity2733 on the motility of colonic muscle strips were examined. The expression of @entity18515 was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Intragastric administration of @entity14341 induced acute @entity32 at the mucosa of the distal colon at 4-11 days, and the @entity32 disappeared 18 days later. @entity18515 -AP-induced @entity4524 insensitive relaxation of the colonic muscle strips. This inhibitory effect on colonic circular muscle strips was reduced on days 11-35, but the @entity5402 -induced contraction did not change. @entity18515 was located at the colon smooth muscles cells and myenteric nerve plexus. The amount of @entity18515 expression in distal colon was down regulated on days 11-35. These data indicated that @entity6835 exerted a long-term downregulation on the expression of @entity18515 in distal colon. This might be the reason of the low sensitivity of the colon circular muscle strips to the @entity18515 -AP-induced relaxation following intragastric administration of @entity14341 .

title: Long-term downregulation of protease-activated receptor-2 expression in distal colon in XXXX following @entity6835 .

entities_list: @entity6835 :: ('MESH:D004405', 'Disease') :: ['bacillary dysentery']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity14341 :: ('623', 'Species') :: ['S.flexneri', 'Shigella flexneri']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity786 induction regimens for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated @entity1333 are effective in 70 to 90% of @entity1 , but they are associated with high rates of @entity204 and adverse events. Treatment with rituximab has led to remission rates of 80 to 90% among @entity1 with refractory @entity19417 and may be safer than @entity786 regimens. METHODS: We compared rituximab with @entity786 as induction therapy in @entity19417 . We randomly assigned, in a 3:1 ratio, 44 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity19417 and @entity8 to a standard glucocorticoid regimen plus either rituximab at a dose of 375 mg per square meter of body-surface area per week for 4 weeks, with two intravenous @entity786 pulses (33 @entity1 , the rituximab group), or intravenous @entity786 for 3 to 6 months followed by @entity500 (11 @entity1 , the control group). Primary end points were sustained remission rates at 12 months and severe adverse events. RESULTS: The median age was 68 years, and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 18 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) of body-surface area. A total of 25 @entity1 in the rituximab group (76%) and 9 @entity1 in the control group (82%) had a sustained remission (P=0.68). Severe adverse events occurred in 14 @entity1 in the rituximab group (42%) and 4 @entity1 in the control group (36%) (P=0.77). Six of the 33 @entity1 in the rituximab group (18%) and 2 of the 11 @entity1 in the control group (18%) died (P=1.00). The median increase in the GFR between 0 and 12 months was 19 ml per minute in the rituximab group and 15 ml per minute in the control group (P=0.14). CONCLUSIONS: A rituximab-based regimen was not superior to standard intravenous @entity786 for severe @entity19417 . Sustained-remission rates were high in both groups, and the rituximab-based regimen was not associated with reductions in early severe adverse events. (Funded by Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust and F. Hoffmann-La Roche; Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN28528813.)

title: Rituximab versus XXXX in ANCA-associated @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal involvement']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity19417 :: ('MESH:D056648', 'Disease') :: ['ANCA-associated vasculitis']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: True @entity91 is a rare @entity600 . Few clinical reports have examined the efficacy of conservative or surgical management in the care of these @entity1 . METHODS: All @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity91 treated by the senior author (S.P.B.) at The @entity1 's Hospital of Philadelphia between 1990 and 2005 were included in the study. Both qualitative and quantitative assessments of craniofacial growth were performed following either conservative or surgical management. Qualitative assessments were made based on preoperative and postoperative photographs, computed tomographic scans, and a review of @entity1 charts. A quantitative assessment of ear position was performed using craniometric analysis and the appropriate statistical tests. RESULTS: The study included nine @entity1 --six who underwent surgical intervention and three who did not undergo transcranial surgery to date. The authors' analysis of @entity1 data revealed a predictable @entity2122 manifest as occipital flattening, an @entity717 bulge, and a pronounced @entity5043 . Generally, these @entity600 improved following operative management. A quantitative analysis of preoperative and postoperative ear position displayed no statistically significant vertical or anteroposterior displacement. In one untreated @entity1 , @entity91 resulted in persistent severe asymmetry of the cranial vault and facial skeleton. CONCLUSIONS: True @entity91 , if left untreated, results in pronounced craniofacial asymmetry. Although a diversity of clinical presentations exists, diagnostic features include occipital flattening, an @entity717 bulge, and a contralateral @entity5043 . Posterior vault switch cranioplasty is an effective treatment for @entity91 when performed in the first year of life.

title: True XXXX : long-term results of surgical and conservative therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial dysmorphism']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity5043 :: ('MESH:D005150', 'Disease') :: ['hemifacial deficiency']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['lambdoid synostosis', 'true lambdoid synostosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral occipitomastoid']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['lambdoid craniosynostosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of study was to assess the usefulness of 3D ultrasonography (3DUS) in the diagnosis of @entity923 . METHODS: Fifty @entity1 with @entity923 confirmed by electromyography and 37 healthy control @entity1 underwent 3DUS of the wrists. The mean times per @entity1 for the 3DUS examination and review of the 3D volume set were recorded. The cross-sectional area at the proximal carpal tunnel and the maximum swelling point were measured. Data from @entity1 and controls were compared for determination of statistical significance. The accuracy of the 3DUS diagnostic criteria for @entity923 was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis, and changes in the median nerve shape, including the maximum swelling point, were assessed by review of the 3D volume data. RESULTS: The mean times for examination of a @entity1 and review in each wrist were 56 seconds and 5.7 minutes, respectively. Significant differences were observed in the mean cross-sectional areas of the median nerve between @entity1 and controls. The mean cross-sectional areas    SD were 16.7    6.7 mm(2) in @entity1 and 8.3    1.9 mm(2) in controls. Using the receiver operating characteristic curve, a cutoff value of greater than 10.5 mm(2) provided diagnostic sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 86%. In 42 of 73 wrists with @entity923 , the median nerve showed @entity154 and maximum swelling points. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that 3DUS could markedly decrease scanning time, and measurement of the median nerve cross-sectional area combined with morphologic analysis using 3DUS is a promising supplementary method for the diagnosis of @entity923 .

title: Application of 3-dimensional ultrasonography in assessing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['fusiform morphologic abnormalities']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']


abstract: We have recently reported that an intrathecal (i.t.) administration of @entity15395 ( @entity15395 ) into @entity19 induces a nociceptive behavior accompanied by the activation of @entity1995 MAPK signaling via AT1 receptors (Nemoto et al., 2013, Mol. Pain 9, 38). These results suggested that @entity15395 participates in the facilitation of nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord. In the present study, we used @entity406 test to examine the effect of i.t.-administered @entity9886 , an @entity14207 antagonist, and determine whether @entity15395 acts as a neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator in the spinal transmission of nociceptive information. When administered i.t. 5min before the injection of a 2% @entity406 solution into the plantar surface of the hindpaw, @entity9886 (30-100nmol) produced a dose-dependent and significant antinociceptive effect during both the first and second phases of the test. In the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord (laminae I and II), the fluorescence intensities for @entity15395 and phospho- @entity1995 were both significantly increased on the ipsilateral side 3min after the injection of @entity406 compared to saline-treated controls. Moreover, the increase of phospho- @entity1995 fluorescence intensity was significantly inhibited by the i.t. administration of @entity9886 (54.8nmol) 5min prior to @entity406 . These results indicate that @entity9886 produces an antinociceptive effect through the inhibition of @entity1995 MAPK phosphorylation in the @entity19 @entity406 test and that @entity15395 may act as a neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator in the spinal transmission of nociceptive information.

title: The intrathecal administration of @entity9886 , an @entity14207 antagonist, produces an antinociceptive effect through the inhibiton of XXXX MAPK phosphorylation in the @entity19 @entity406 test.

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

answer: @entity1995 :: (26416(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['p38']


abstract: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) is a physiologic process during development and tissue homeostasis. @entity1358 produces two unequal daughter cells: one has stem/progenitor cell activity and the other has potential for differentiation. Recent studies showed that misregulation of the balance between self-renewal and differentiation by @entity1358 may lead to tumorigenesis in @entity238 neuroblasts. However, it is still largely unknown whether @entity1 @entity5 stem-like cells exhibit @entity1358 or not. Here, using @entity1 @entity521 cells as an @entity1358 model, we found that @entity4180 accumulates at spindle poles by @entity9459 phosphorylation during mitosis. In parallel, the @entity1358 -related ubiquitin ligase @entity15273 was recruited to spindle poles by @entity10610 /cyclin B-mediated phosphorylation. @entity15273 interacted with @entity4180 at spindle poles during mitosis, facilitating proteasomal degradation of @entity4180 at spindle poles and inducing @entity1358 . @entity15273 also suppressed sphere formation of @entity521 -initiating cells, suggesting that the mechanisms of @entity1358 produce differentiated @entity521 cells that will eventually die. Thus, @entity15273 is a positive regulator of @entity1358 that acts against @entity4180 and should be considered as a tumor-suppressor candidate. Our findings offer novel insights into the mechanisms of @entity1358 and clarify its contributions to @entity1 tumorigenesis. @entity5 Res; 74(19); 5620-30.   2014 AACR.

title: XXXX Facilitates Degradation of @entity4180 on Spindle Poles and Induces Asymmetric Cell Division in @entity1 @entity521 Cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Asymmetric cell division', 'ACD']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity15273 :: (22954,Gene) :: ['Trim32']


abstract: A regimen consisting of @entity1487 / @entity4181 plus @entity901 (FOLFOX-6) is widely used in France in the first-line treatment of metastatic @entity14 (MCRC). The aim of our study was to demonstrate the non-inferiority of @entity416 plus @entity901 (XELOX) versus FOLFOX-6 for this indication. @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive XELOX or FOLFOX-6 for 6 months. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) in the per-protocol (PP) population; however, progression-free and overall survival (OS), time to response and response duration were also assessed. A total of 306 @entity1 were enrolled (XELOX n = 156; FOLFOX-6 n = 150). ORR was 42 and 46% with XELOX and FOLFOX-6, respectively, in the PP population. The difference between groups was 4.7%; the upper limit of the unilateral 95% confidence interval (14.4%) was below the non-inferiority margin of 15%. In the intent-to-treat population, median progression-free survival was 8.8 months with XELOX and 9.3 months with FOLFOX-6, and median OS was 19.9 and 20.5 months, respectively. XELOX @entity1 had significantly more grade 3/4 @entity882 (12% vs. 5%) and @entity294 (14% vs. 7%), but significantly less grade 3/4 @entity1398 (5% vs. 47%), @entity1398 (0% vs. 6%) and @entity16 (11% vs. 26%) than FOLFOX-6 @entity1 . We conclude that XELOX is non-inferior in terms of efficacy to FOLFOX-6 in the first-line treatment of MCRC, but has a different @entity137 profile.

title: XXXX plus @entity901 (XELOX) versus @entity1487 / @entity4181 plus @entity901 (FOLFOX-6) as first-line treatment for metastatic @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['Capecitabine']


abstract: Prevention of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) in medical @entity1 is controversial. In contrast to surgical @entity1 , the evidence supporting the use of heparin-based treatment for prevention of @entity1211 (HVTEp) may not justify current guidelines. This study aims to determine whether current clinical guidelines for HVTEp are appropriate for medical @entity1 . We searched medical databases for original randomised placebo-controlled studies of HVTEp in medical @entity1 , excluding those with @entity64 and in intensive care. From 401 potentially relevant studies, we selected eight, which included over 16   000 @entity1 . HVTEp decreased the incidence of all @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ): 4.3% in the placebo group versus 2.3% in the treatment group, P = 0.002, number needed to treat, 50. However, this treatment effect was not seen for symptomatic @entity1150 : 1.2% versus 0.9%, P = 0.18, odds ratio (OR) 0.72 (0.45-1.16). Similarly, HVTEp did not decrease the incidence of @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ): 0.54% versus 0.27%, P = 0.3, OR 0.57 (0.21-1.53), or fatal @entity1151 : 0.1% versus 0.0%, P = 0.3, OR 0.2 (0.01-4.11). Furthermore, HVTEp did not decrease total mortality: 5.63% versus 5.39%, P = 0.92, OR 0.96 (0.78-1.18). The use of HVTEp in hospitalised general medical @entity1 does not result in a significant reduction in symptomatic @entity1150 , @entity1151 , fatal @entity1151 or total mortality. The best evidence does not support the recommendations of the current clinical guidelines.

title: Heparin-based treatment to prevent symptomatic @entity1150 , XXXX or death in general medical inpatients is not supported by best evidence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thromboses', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether decreasing lengths of stay over time for selected diagnostic categories were associated with increased hospital readmission rates and mean number of physician visits after discharge. DESIGN: Retrospective descriptive study. SETTING: The seven large (125 beds or more) acute care hospitals in Winnipeg. @entity1 : Manitoba residents admitted to any one of the seven hospitals because @entity583 ( @entity583 ), @entity3617 or @entity565 , transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) and uterine or adnexal procedures for nonmalignant disease during the fiscal years 1989-90 to 1992-93. @entity1 from out of province, those who died in hospital, those with excessively long stays (more than 60 days) and those who were transferred to or from another institution were excluded. OUTCOME MEASURES: Length of hospital stay, and rate of readmission within 30 days after discharge for all four categories and mean number of physician visits within 30 days after discharge for two categories ( @entity583 and @entity3617 or @entity565 . RESULTS: The length of stay decreased significantly over the 4 years for all of the four categories, the smallest change being observed for @entity1 with @entity583 (11.1%) and the largest for those with @entity3617 or @entity565 (22.0%). The readmission rates for @entity583 , @entity3617 or @entity565 , and TURP showed no consistent change over the 4 years. The readmission rate for uterine or adnexal procedures increased significantly between the first and second year (chi 2 = 4.28, p = 0.04) but then remained constant over the next 3 years. The mean number of physician visits increased slightly for @entity583 in the first year (1.92 to 2.01) and then remained virtually the same. It decreased slightly for @entity3617 or @entity565 over the 4 years. There was no significant correlation between length of stay and readmission rates for individual hospitals in 1992-93 in any of the four categories. Also, no correlation was observed between length of stay and mean number of physician visits for individual hospitals in 1992-93 in the categories @entity583 and @entity3617 or @entity565 . CONCLUSIONS: Improving hospital efficiency by shortening length of stay does not appear to result in increased rates of readmission or numbers of physician visits within 30 days after discharge from hospital. Research is needed to identify optimal lengths of stay and expected readmission rates.

title: Discharging XXXX earlier from Winnipeg hospitals: does it adversely affect quality of care?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychopathy is characterised by profound @entity51 in the @entity1 tendency to feel and care about what other @entity1 feel, often known as 'affective empathy'. On the other hand, the @entity10420 often has @entity73 , that is, he is able to describe what and why other @entity1 feel, even if he does not share or care about those feelings. Despite a rapidly advancing neuroscience of empathy, little is known about the developmental underpinnings of this @entity10420 disconnect between affective and @entity73 . METHODS: The parents of N = 2760, 3-13-year-olds reported on the levels of empathy, @entity8192 ( @entity8192 ), and @entity10420 ( @entity10420 ). Consistent with current theory and measurement practice, an index of ' @entity10420 traits' was derived from the @entity8192 and @entity10420 measures. RESULTS: There are important gender and developmental differences in @entity51 related to @entity10420 traits. As expected, psychopathy is associated with severe @entity1316 across all ages for males; however, no such @entity51 were found for females. Contrary to adult findings, @entity10420 traits are associated with @entity73 in childhood for both sexes; however, males with high @entity10420 traits appear to overcome these @entity73 as they move through the pubertal years. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to @entity73 , @entity258 does not appear to be associated with @entity10420 traits in females. The characteristic disconnect between cognitive and affective empathy seen in adult male psychopathy crystallises in the pubertal years when they appear to learn to 'talk the talk' about other @entity1 's emotions, despite suffering severe @entity51 in their emotional connection (affective empathy) to others.

title: Learning to 'talk the talk: the relationship of XXXX in empathy across childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8192 :: ('MESH:C567520', 'Disease') :: ['CU', 'callous-unemotional traits']

entities_list: @entity10420 :: ('MESH:D000987', 'Disease') :: ['psychopathic', 'antisocial behaviour', 'AB', 'psychopath']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ["intact 'cognitive' empathy skills", 'deficits in cognitive empathy', 'cognitive empathy']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficits', 'empathy deficits']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in affective empathy']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low affective empathy']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['psychopathic traits to deficits']


abstract: Alteration is a common pathological process inherent to kymatogenesis and responsible for @entity154 which are the basic nosological unit of early kymatogenesis. Intrauterine compensatory adaptation triggers proliferation of mesenchymal tissue or @entity1373 of parenchymal cellular elements with accelerated maturation. Blastomogenesis occurs in @entity1 primarily during kymatogenesis. This fact can explain rapid progression of malignant growth during the first five years of life, the @entity5 being of embryonic or visceral tissue. @entity1457 prevail in perinatal period. They are represented by such nosological units as intrauterine @entity548 and @entity9757 and are related to tissue immaturity. @entity32 can be attributed to productive and alterative components. It is prone to generalized infection typical for early months of life. Opportunistic and @entity1800 is a common pathology in early infancy being the main nosological unit in this period. Later on the infection becomes local. @entity281 rests upon persistent tissue immaturity.

title: [Nosology of the fetus and XXXX as a problem of general pathology].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defects']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Fetal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Circulatory disorders']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity9757 :: ('MESH:C535590', 'Disease') :: ['pneumopathies']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Chronicity of infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: The prognostic value associated with the detection of circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs) in metastatic @entity0 by the CellSearch technology raise additional issues regarding the biological value of this information. We postulated that a drug-resistance profile of CTCs may predict response to chemotherapy in @entity5 @entity1 and therefore could be used for @entity1 selection. One hundred 5 @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity189 were enrolled in a prospective trial. CTCs were isolated from peripheral blood, and positive samples were evaluated for the expression of a panel of genes involved in anticancer drugs resistance. The drug-resistance profile was correlated with @entity66 ( @entity66 ; @entity1 in adjuvant setting) and @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ; metastatic @entity1 ) in a 24-months follow-up. Objective response correlation was a secondary end point. Fifty-one percent of @entity1 were found positive for CTCs while all blood samples from healthy donors were negative. The drug-resistance profile correlates with @entity66 and @entity1054 (p < 0.001 in both). Sensitivity of the test: able to predict treatment response in 98% of @entity1 . Specificity of the test: 100%; no sample from healthy subject was positive for the presence of CTCs. Positive and negative predictive values were found to be 96.5 and 100%, respectively. We identified a drug-resistance profile of CTCs, which is predictive of response to chemotherapy, independent of @entity5 type and stage of disease. This approach may represent a first step toward the individualization of chemotherapy in @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Chemosensitivity profile assay of circulating @entity5 cells: prognostic and predictive value in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DFS', 'disease-free survival']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['epithelial tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: A proportion of @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 (mCRC) are still able to continue with active therapy after their progression to fluoropyrimidines, @entity901 , and irinotecan regimens. Studies suggest that @entity136 and fluoropyrimidines are synergic antimetabolites. The purpose was to evaluate gemcitabine-capecitabine (Gem-Cape) in heavily pretreated mCRC and to thus assess possible predictive factors for progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: This analysis was performed on 119 evaluable @entity1 pretreated with fluoropyrimidines, @entity901 , @entity2600 , and biological agents between June 2001 and July 2011. @entity1 received @entity136 1,000  mg/m(2)  day 1 and @entity416 1,000  mg/m(2) bid for 7  days every 2  weeks. RESULTS: The general characteristics were ECOG 0-1, 89  %; male, 68  %, and median age 63  years. In total, 61  % had received two chemotherapy lines, while 39  % had received three or more. Objective response rates and stable disease rates at 3  months were 6.72 and 37.81  %, equalling a clinical benefit of 44.53  %. The median PFS and @entity1349 were 2.87  months [95  % confidence interval (CI) 2.53-3.17  months] and 6.53  months (95  % CI 5.33-8.77), respectively. The most frequent @entity137 were grades 1-2, @entity417 (22  %), @entity882 (10  %), and @entity8566 (9  %); grade >= 3, @entity294 (2  %), with no treatment-related discontinuations. No treatment-related @entity204 were reported. Statistical significance was obtained by subgroups, assessing clinical benefits and objective responses for PFS and @entity1349 . Moreover, @entity1 under 65 tended to have a better PFS. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that Gem-Cape is a tolerable and feasible regimen, associated with clinical benefit in non-selected, heavily pretreated, mCRC @entity1 .

title: XXXX plus @entity416 (Gem-Cape) biweekly in chemorefractory metastatic @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['Gemcitabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of real-time 3-dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography in the intraoperative assessment of mitral valve (MV) pathology and to compare this novel technique with 2-dimensional (2D) transesophageal echocardiography. METHODS: Forty-two consecutive @entity1 undergoing MV repair for @entity339 ( @entity339 ) were studied prospectively. Intraoperative 2D and 3D transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) examinations were performed using a recently introduced TEE probe that provides real-time 3D imaging. Expert echocardiographers blinded to 2D TEE findings assessed the etiology of @entity339 on 3D transesophageal echocardiography. Similarly, experts blinded to 3D TEE findings assessed 2D TEE findings. Both were compared with the anatomic findings reported by the surgeon. RESULTS: At the time of surgical inspection, @entity63 @entity339 was identified in 12% of @entity1 , complex bileaflet @entity66 in 31%, and specific @entity66 in 55%. Three-dimensional TEE image acquisition was performed in a short period of time (60 +/- 18 seconds) and was feasible in all @entity1 , with optimal (36%) or good (33%) imaging quality in the majority of cases. Three-dimensional TEE imaging was superior to 2D TEE imaging in the diagnosis of P1, A2, A3, and bileaflet disease (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Real-time 3D transesophageal echocardiography is a feasible method for identifying specific MV pathology in the setting of complex disease and can be expeditiously used in the intraoperative evaluation of @entity1 undergoing MV repair.

title: Real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in the intraoperative assessment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['myxomatous disease', 'scallop disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral valve disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To clarify the prognostic value of strain and strain rate imaging in light-chain ( @entity1582 ) @entity2783 . BACKGROUND: Myocardial strain and strain rate Doppler imaging are objective measurements that may detect regional subtle myocardial functional abnormalities in @entity1 with @entity2783 . METHODS: We prospectively examined 119 consecutive, untreated @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity1582 . The mean values of tissue velocity, strain, and strain rate were calculated from the basal, mid, and apical left ventricular (LV) multiple walls in apical 2- and 4-chamber views. The prognostic value of these parameters was compared with standard 2-dimensional echocardiographic and Doppler measurements of transmitral and pulmonary venous flow. RESULTS: Seventy @entity1 had @entity299 defined as the mean value of LV wall thickness greater than 12 mm. Thirty-two @entity1 (27%) (including 22 proven @entity204 ) died during a mean follow-up period of 285 +/- 136 days. No echocardiographic or Doppler features differentiated @entity1 with @entity299 without @entity712 ( @entity712 ) from noncardiac amyloid group other than the pre-defined wall thickness and @entity998 . On the other hand, strain rate and strain imaging clearly detected differences of longitudinal LV @entity296 among 3 groups (noncardiac involvement group, @entity299 without @entity712 group, and @entity299 with @entity712 group). Univariate analysis showed that strain rate, strain, and tissue velocity values were statistically significant predictors of outcome at most of the sites. Multivariate analysis showed that the mean LV basal strain was the only independent predictor of both @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 with @entity1582 , the mean basal strain, a measure of longitudinal LV function, was a powerful predictor of clinical outcome and was superior to standard 2-dimensional echocardiographic, Doppler flow measurements, and simple tissue velocity indexes.

title: Prognostic significance of strain Doppler imaging in light-chain XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial deformation']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['LV end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['AL amyloidosis', 'AL']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac involvement', 'cardiac amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and overall deaths', 'cardiac deaths']

answer: @entity2783 :: (MESH:D000686,Disease) :: ['amyloidosis']


abstract: @entity1483 administered through repeated dose inhalation has antiinflammatory effects on the airways. We carried out a study to measure the adjuvant effect of this drug with @entity3045 inhalation in @entity748 @entity1 presenting an acute or chronic @entity565 attack. We studied 50 @entity1 , 25 of whom were given @entity3045 (0.5%-1 cc) every 12 h and placebo every 12 h. All @entity1 underwent spirometry on the first day and at the end of the treatment (5 days). Peak flow was recorded twice a day as well as daily diuresis and body weight. Peak flow in the morning increased 13.8 l/min in the group given @entity3045 and placebo; in group given @entity1483 , the increase was 2.2 l/min, with statistically significant differences. Peak flow in the evening showed no sizeable differences. The same was true with spirometric variables (FVC, FEV1 and FEF 25-75), which improved greatly in both groups, but without a considerable difference. Diuresis increased in the group given @entity1483 (510.80 ml; in the group given placebo the increase was 310.20) without a significant difference. Analysis of body weight showed that in the group given @entity1483 average weight decreased from 140.4 to 138.5 lbs (52.4 to 51.7 kg); in the group given placebo, it increased from 130.3 to 132.6 lbs (48.6 to 49.5 kg). Statistical analysis was significant. We concluded that administering @entity1483 by inhalation for 5 days as adjuvant treatment to @entity3045 in @entity1 presenting with acute or chronic @entity565 attack is not superior to treatment using @entity3045 and placebo.

title: Usefulness of inhaled @entity1483 in a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide', 'Furosemide']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['bronchial asthma attack']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1211 (VTE) is common after pneumonectomy for @entity5 and predicts poor survival. Routine screening for VTE with noninvasive tests has low sensitivity and specificity. Biopsy of lung has a place in establishing the nature and severity of the vascular alterations. In this study, we investigated the incidence, clinical and pathological characteristics of @entity715 in excised specimens after pneumonectomy, and its association with survival rate in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: The studied population consisted 94 consecutive @entity1 after pneumonectomy for @entity1149 in Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, The excised tissue specimens were stained by @entity6175 _ @entity1711 staining (HE) to observe @entity715 events. All the @entity1 were followed up for 2years. The survival data was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Overall @entity715 events occurred in 56 (59.6%) of 94 @entity1149 cases, @entity715 was found in 24 cases, and @entity49 was found in 32 cases. Furthermore, 30 of 56 cases with @entity715 were accompanied by @entity5 emboli or @entity5 vascular infiltrating. @entity715 risk was associated with @entity5 grade (P=0.005). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that @entity1 with @entity715 had lower survival rate than those without @entity715 (P=0.025). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity715 in excised tissue after pneumonectomy was high in @entity1 with @entity1149 , and it may be a marker of poor outcome.

title: Prognostic significance of XXXX in resected specimens for @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arterial thrombosis', 'Thrombosis', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['arterial and venous thrombosis']


abstract: Several indices of free radical generation were determined in limbic structures after @entity4176 (KA)-induced @entity410 activity in adult and postnatal day (PND) 12 and 17 @entity35 . @entity224 dismutase, @entity12609 , and @entity2041 peroxidase activities were measured in piriform cortex and hippocampal subfields at 8, 16, 48 h, and 5 days after KA injection in adults and pups, and also at 3 weeks postinjection in adults. KA-induced @entity410 activity had no significant effect on enzyme activities in PND 12 and 17 @entity35 . In adults, @entity224 dismutase and @entity12609 activities were significantly increased at 5 days after KA administration, and returned to preinjection levels by 3 weeks. @entity2041 peroxidase activity was also increased significantly at 5 days postinjection, but remained elevated at 3 weeks. Lipid peroxidation, as indicated by @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) concentration, exhibited an early significant increase at 8 and 16 h, followed at 48 h and 5 days by a significant decrease. At 3 weeks postinjection, @entity1865 levels were still significantly decreased in @entity1251 and dentate gyrus. KA administration in PND 12 and 17 @entity35 had no significant effect on @entity1865 content. KA-induced @entity410 activity in adults also resulted in a large and sustained increase in protein oxidation in piriform cortex and hippocampus. The early increase in @entity1865 and protein oxidation in adult @entity35 strongly suggests the involvement of @entity26 free radicals in the initial phases of KA-induced pathology, whereas the changes in scavenging enzyme activities and @entity1865 content at 5 days and 3 weeks post KA injection possibly reflect glial proliferation subsequent to @entity528 .

title: @entity26 free radicals in XXXX limbic structures after @entity4176 -induced @entity410 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione', 'Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide', 'Superoxide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency, risk factors, and visual outcome of post @entity3225 in @entity1 . METHODS: The study was conducted on @entity1 less than fifteen years age, presenting with penetrating @entity4858 and associated with @entity3225 . Anterior segment slit lamp examination and if possible posterior segment slit lamp examination with 90 D fundoscopes was performed. After completing necessary investigations, urgent surgical intervention was carried out. RESULTS: There were 43 registered @entity1 with 29 (67.4%) males and 14 (32.6%) females. Twenty three (53.4%) @entity1 presented on the day of injury. Remaining 20 (46.6%) reported after first 24 hours. Twenty seven (62.7%) @entity1 presented with corneal wound, 11 (25.6%) had scleral entrance, and 5 (11.7%) @entity1 had @entity5692 . Nineteen (44.1%) @entity1 developed clinical evidence of @entity3225 . Fifteen subjects with @entity3225 completed six weeks follow up. Two (13.3%) subjects achieved final visual acuity (FVA) of 3/60. Four (26.7%) had only hand movements, 5 (33.4%) subjects were restricted to perception of light, and 2 (13.3%) @entity1 developed @entity1907 bulbi. CONCLUSION: Delayed arrival of @entity1 in eye hospital with @entity542 may result in @entity3225

title: @entity3225 in paediatric penetrating XXXX in Hyderabad.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['open globe injury']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['ocular injuries']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic endophthalmitis', 'endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity5692 :: ('MESH:D015422', 'Disease') :: ['corneo scleral extension']

answer: @entity4858 :: (MESH:D005131,Disease) :: ['ocular injuries']


abstract: AIMS: To perform a clinicopathological analysis of a series of primary cutaneous @entity2828 /primitive @entity5 (ES/ @entity6196 ) to highlight the pathological features, discuss the differential diagnosis, emphasise the role of molecular testing (particularly fluorescence in situ hybridisation, FISH) in diagnosis and outline the @entity1 ' clinical course. METHODS: Seven cases of primary cutaneous ES/ @entity6196 were identified from the authors' consultation files. RESULTS: The @entity1 were aged 16-61 years (median 25). Five were female and two were male. Five cases involved the limbs and two the trunk. Five were initially misdiagnosed (three as @entity189 and two as @entity320 ). All cases were characterised histologically by sheet-like growth of small round cells with little cytoplasm and showed strong membranous staining for @entity3778 and positive but variable staining for @entity21468 . Six @entity1 showed an @entity12726 rearrangement (five on FISH analysis and one on RT-PCR). All @entity5 were completely excised. Three @entity1 received adjuvant chemotherapy, one of whom also received radiotherapy. Follow-up was available in all cases (range 11-57 months; median 41). No recurrences or @entity3 occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Although rare, primary cutaneous ES/ @entity6196 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous "small @entity5 ". Immunostaining for @entity21468 and molecular testing for evidence of an @entity12726 rearrangement are useful ancillary investigations to confirm the diagnosis. The prognosis of primary cutaneous ES/ @entity6196 appears to be more favourable than extracutaneous ES/ @entity6196 .

title: Primary cutaneous XXXX /primitive @entity5 : a clinicopathological analysis of seven cases highlighting diagnostic pitfalls and the role of FISH testing in diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['Ewing sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectodermal tumours', 'tumours', 'blue cell tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing sarcoma']


abstract: Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity179 such as @entity191 and @entity195 . Natural kavalactones isolated from Piper methysticum (Piperaceae) are capable of activating the @entity4027 /ARE (antioxidant response element) pathway and thus enhancing the expression of phase II antioxidant enzymes such as @entity22456 ( @entity22456 ). In an attempt to identify kavalactone derivatives that are more potent in @entity4027 /ARE activation than natural compounds, we synthesized a series of chemically-modified kavalactones and studied their effects on the ARE enhancer activity in @entity35 @entity1911 PC12 cells. Among 81 compounds tested, a kavalactone derivative, 2',6'-dichloro-5-methoxymethyl-5,6-dehydrokawain [(E)-6-(2',6'-dichlorostyryl)-4-methoxy-5-(methoxymethyl)-2H-pyran-2-one] (1), exhibited the strongest ARE enhancer activity. The ARE activation and @entity22456 protein induction by the compound 1 were higher than those by natural kavalactones. The compound did not affect cell viability and induced expression of various phase II enzymes. Nuclear translocation of @entity4027 after treatment with 1 was preceded by phosphorylation of @entity2508 and @entity12220 . The compound transiently increased intracellular ROS levels. Finally, pretreatment with the compound ameliorated H(2)O(2)-induced cell death, which was associated with increased expression of @entity22456 . These results suggest that the compound 1 protects against oxidative stress-induced @entity528 via a preconditioning effect on the @entity4027 /ARE activation.

title: A novel kavalactone derivative protects against H2O2-induced PC12 cell death via XXXX /ARE activation.

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's"]

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's diseases"]

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal cell death']

answer: @entity4027 :: (83619(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Nrf2']


abstract: - @entity1 with @entity27 are at increased risk for @entity101 . The mechanisms underlying this increased risk are not known. We tested the hypothesis that @entity27 , independent of factors such as @entity101 , @entity28 , and age, is characterized by @entity73 . We measured muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and heart rate responses to activation and deactivation of baroreceptors in newly diagnosed, never treated, normotensive @entity1 with @entity27 . These responses were compared with those obtained in healthy control subjects closely matched for age, body mass index, and blood pressure. Heart rate and MSNA changes during infusion of @entity2647 (baroreceptor activation) were similar in the control subjects and @entity1 with @entity387 . Infusion of @entity1854 (baroreceptor deactivation) elicited similar decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) but lesser MSNA increases in @entity1 with @entity387 than in control subjects. Calculation of DeltaMSNA/DeltaMAP ratio revealed that baroreflex regulation of sympathetic activity for similar blood pressure changes was diminished in @entity1 with @entity387 in comparison to normal control subjects (P=0.01). However, increases in heart rate during @entity1854 infusion were comparable in both groups. Sympathetic, blood pressure and heart rate responses to the cold pressor test were also similar in the 2 groups. Our results indicate that normotensive @entity1 with @entity387 have a selective impairment of the sympathetic response to baroreceptor deactivation but not to baroreceptor activation or to the cold pressor test. The impairment of baroreflex sympathetic modulation in @entity1 with @entity387 is not accompanied by any impairment of baroreflex control of heart rate.

title: Baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of baroreflex sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: Clinical trials infusing Bone Marrow Cells (BMCs) into injured hearts have produced measureable improvements in cardiac performance, but were insufficient to improve @entity1 outcomes. Low engraftment rates are cited as probable contributor to limited improvements. To understand the mechanisms that control myocardial engraftment of BMCs following @entity63 -reperfusion injury, in isolated-perfused @entity19 hearts, stop-flow @entity63 was followed by variable-duration reperfusion (0-60 min) before addition of labeled syngenic BMCs to the perfusate. After a buffer-only wash, the heart was disaggregated. Retained BMCs (digest) and infused BMCs (aliquot) were compared by flow cytometry for @entity2467 and @entity1195 expression to determine the proportion of cell subtypes engrafted versus delivered (selectivity ratio). In these studies, a time-dependent selective retention of @entity2467 (+) cells was apparent starting at 30 min of reperfusion, at which time @entity2467 (+)/ @entity1195 (+) BMCs showed a selectivity ratio of 18    2 (versus 2    1 in sham- @entity63 controls). To study the underlying mechanism for this selective retention, neutralizing antibodies for @entity8729 or @entity1196 were infused into the heart preparation and incubated with BMCs prior to BMC infusion. Blocking @entity8729 in @entity63 hearts ablated selectivity for @entity2467 / @entity1195 (+) BMCs at 30 min reperfusion (selectivity ratio of 3    1) while selectivity persisted in the presence of @entity1196 neutralization (selectivity ratio of 17    2). To corroborate this finding, a parallel plate flow chamber was used to study capture and rolling dynamics of purified @entity2467 (+) versus @entity2467 - BMCs on various selectin molecules. @entity2467 (+) BMCs interacted weakly with @entity1196 substrates (0.03    0.01% adhered) but adhered strongly to @entity8729 (0.28  0.04% adhered). @entity2467 - BMCs showed intermediate binding regardless of substrate (0.18    0.04% adhered on @entity1196 versus 0.17    0.04% adhered on @entity8729 ). @entity741 -reperfusion stress induces selective engraftment of @entity2467 (+) bone marrow progenitor cells via @entity8729 activation.

title: XXXX induces @entity8729 -mediated selective progenitor cell engraftment in the isolated-perfused heart.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['Ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the key drugs for the treatment of pediatric @entity981 ( @entity981 ). Herein, investigation of the relationship between the @entity16123 and BclI polymorphisms of the GC receptor gene ( @entity4738 ) and the side effects of GCs during pediatric @entity981 therapy was aimed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity16123 and BclI polymorphisms were analyzed in 49 @entity1 with @entity981 treated between 2000 and 2012. Control group consisted 46 @entity1 with benign disorders. The side effects of GCs, noted during the induction and reinduction periods were evaluated retrospectively according to the National @entity5 Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. RESULTS: The BclI allele and genotype frequencies were found similar in both groups. No @entity16123 polymorphism was detected in neither of the groups. During induction, @entity2210 was found more frequent in the CG than in the CC (wild type) genotype (36.4% vs. 5.3%, p = 0.018) and @entity308 symptoms more frequent in @entity1 with G allele (CG + GG) than in the CC genotype (39.3% vs. 10.5%, p = 0.031). During reinduction, Cushingoid changes, @entity2210 and @entity308 symptoms were more frequent in @entity1 with G allele (CG + GG) than in @entity1 with the CC genotype (48.1% vs. 17.6%, p = 0.041; 29.6% vs. 0%, p = 0.016; 40.7% vs. 11.8%, p = 0.040, respectively). CONCLUSION: In our study, @entity1 with BclI polymorphism were found to have developed more frequent side effects. We think that BclI polymorphism should also be considered while designing individualized therapies in childhood @entity981 .

title: Association Between @entity16123 and BclI Polymorphisms of the XXXX Gene ( @entity4738 ) and Glucocorticoid Side Effects During @entity981 Treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

answer: @entity4738 :: (2908,Gene) :: ['Glucocorticoid Receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recognition of @entity32 in the pathophysiology of @entity102 ( @entity102 ) has caused corticosteroid therapy in @entity102 to gain favor. A systematic evaluation of oral @entity479 use in @entity102 without @entity480 (CRSsNP) has not been previously conducted. The objective of the study was to assess evidence on oral @entity479 therapy in CRSsNP, via a systematic literature review. METHODS: Ovid and PubMed databases were searched for studies on oral @entity479 therapy in CRSsNP. Manuscripts were reviewed and graded by evidence-based medicine (EBM) level. RESULTS: A total of 33 studies met inclusion criteria; 30 on @entity481 on @entity56 ( @entity56 ). CRSsNP studies did not include any @entity23 ( @entity23 ) or any clinical study employing systemic @entity288 alone. They included 20 reviews/expert opinions (Level 5) with differing recommendations, and 4 treatment guidelines (Level 4) with weak recommendations on use. Three studies, 2 retrospective (Level 4) and 1 prospective study (Level 3), used oral @entity230 in combination with antibiotics and nasal @entity230 . The multidrug regimen improved symptoms, radiologic findings, short-term relapses, nasal endoscopy, and cytokine pattern expression. An experimental study (Level 5) found oral @entity230 to reverse sinonasal tissue @entity32 . Two studies in animal models (Level 5) found no benefit of adding systemic @entity230 to antibiotics. Three clinical @entity56 studies, 1 @entity23 (Level 1) and 2 prospective (Level 3), found oral @entity230 to benefit postoperative recurrence, endoscopy or computed tomography (CT). CONCLUSION: No study has employed systemic @entity288 alone in treating CRSsNP. Evidence supporting oral @entity479 therapy in CRSsNP is mostly Level 4 or 5; there is lack of any @entity23 to support use.

title: Oral corticosteroid therapy in XXXX without polyposis: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis', 'CRS']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCT', 'randomized controlled trial']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['AFS', 'allergic fungal sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: A previous randomized clinical trial by the @entity242 Group (ISG) had shown a survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) in high-risk extremity soft @entity242 (STS). However, the dose-intensity of the last two cycles was suboptimal. We then undertook a multicentric international phase III study to compare three and five cycles of the same CT. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 were randomly assigned either to receive three cycles of preoperative CT with @entity1259 120 mg/m(2) and @entity1260 9 g/m(2) and @entity1261 (arm A) or to receive the same three cycles of preoperative CT followed by two further cycles of postoperative CT (arm B). Noninferiority of the primary end point, overall survival (OS), was assessed by the CI of the hazard ratio (HR; arm A/arm B) obtained from the Cox model. RESULTS: Between January 2002 and April 2007, 328 @entity1 were recruited (164 @entity1 in each arm). At a median follow-up of 63 months (interquartile range, 49 to 77 months), 100 @entity204 were recorded, 49 in arm A and 51 in arm B. Five-year OS probability was 0.70 for the entire group of @entity1 (0.68 in arm A and 0.71 in arm B). The HR of arm A versus arm B was 1.00 (90% CI, 0.72 to 1.39). CONCLUSION: In this population of @entity1 with high-risk localized STS, three cycles of full-dose preoperative CT were not inferior to five cycles. The outcome compares favorably with the expected survival of @entity1 with high-risk STS and was superimposable on the CT arm of the previous ISG trial.

title: Short, full-dose adjuvant chemotherapy in high-risk adult soft tissue @entity242 : a randomized clinical trial from the @entity242 Group and the Spanish XXXX Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['tissue sarcoma', 'Italian Sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['Sarcoma']


abstract: @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) is an important lipid mediator that plays diverse functions in mammals. Four receptor subtypes of @entity1421 , designated EP1-4, have been identified to mediate its signaling pathways. Extensive studies of @entity1421 and its receptors have been carried out in mammals, but little is known in fish, including @entity12178 . In the current study, the distribution of @entity12178 EP4 receptor in different tissues was investigated using RT- and real-time PCR. A custom made antibody was used to investigate the distribution of this receptor in different tissues. Quantitative analysis by real-time PCR revealed that the expression was more abundant in the spleen followed by headkidney, skin and fin while it was least expressed in heart, muscles and brain. The staining intensity obtained by immunohistochemistry correlated with the RT-PCR results. EP4 expression was strongly associated with the immune cells in different tissues. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the distribution of EP4 receptor in @entity12178 tissues. Our findings suggest that EP4 may play a role in mediating immune responses as observed in mammals.

title: Distribution of EP4 receptor in different XXXX ( @entity12178 l.) tissues.

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'Prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity12178 :: ('8030', 'Species') :: ['Atlantic salmon']

answer: @entity12178 :: (8030,Species) :: ['atlantic salmon']


abstract: Excessive @entity1017 in @entity1 at the time of intense hormonal change can result in @entity209 . The metabolic/endocrine effect of puberty, pregnancy or menopause on breast tissue 'aging' is likely to be more relevant to a @entity1 's @entity0 risk than is her degree of @entity28 at the time when the @entity5 presents. Experimental evidence suggests that the susceptibility of mammary tissue to @entity105 is greatest in early adult life, and multiple studies show that a history of @entity1017 in early adult life is associated with @entity0 risk in Western @entity1 . Excessive @entity1017 in that age group is associated with the development of hyperinsulinaemia in individuals with genetic susceptibility to insulin resistance. The @entity1720 may be a metabolic link between @entity1017 and @entity0 risk in Western @entity1 . Some studies suggest that in postmenopausal @entity1 , hyperinsulinaemia is related more to overall @entity28 , whereas in premenopausal @entity1 it is related more to abdominal localisation of fat. This may explain why an increased body mass index is a risk marker for @entity0 in postmenopausal but not premenopausal @entity1 . (A premenopausal @entity1 with an average body mass index may have a large intra-abdominal fat mass associated with the presence of hyperinsulinaemia.) It is hypothesised that over-nutrition and inadequate physical exercise favour the development of hyperinsulinaemia and also increase @entity0 risk in @entity1 with a genetic susceptibility to both conditions. The hypothesis can be tested by specific intervention studies.

title: Timing of @entity1017 in relation to XXXX risk.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'increased breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['insulin resistance syndrome']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to provide better insights into the cerebral perfusion patterns and collateral mechanism of the circle of Willis ( @entity291 ) under anatomical and pathological variations. METHODS: In the current study, a @entity1 -specific three-dimensional computational model of the @entity291 was reconstructed based on the computed tomography (CT) images. The Carreau model was applied to simulate the non-Newtonian property of blood. Flow distributions in five common anatomical variations coexisting with different degrees of @entity850 in the right internal carotid artery (RICA) were investigated to obtain detailed flow information. RESULTS: With the development of @entity850 in unilateral internal carotid artery (ICA), the cerebral blood supply decreased when the degree of @entity850 increased. The blood supply of the @entity2500 (MCA) was most affected by the @entity850 of ICA. The anterior communicating artery (ACoA) and ipsilateral posterior communicating artery (PCoA) functioned as the important collateral circulation channels when @entity850 occurred. The blood flow of the anterior circulation and the total cerebral blood flow (CBF) reached to the minimum in the configuration of the contralateral proximal anterior cerebral artery (A1) absence coexisting with @entity543 . CONCLUSIONS: Communicating arteries provided important collateral channels in the complete @entity291 when @entity850 in unilateral ICA occurred. The cross-flow in the ACoA is a sensitive indicator of the morphological change of the ICA. The collateral function of the PCoA on the affected side will not be fully activated until a severe @entity850 occurred in unilateral ICA. The absence of unilateral A1 coexisting with the @entity850 in the contralateral ICA could be the most dangerous configuration in terms of the total cerebral blood supply. The findings of this study would enhance the understanding of the collateral mechanism of the @entity291 under different anatomical variations.

title: The role of the circle of Willis in internal XXXX and anatomical variations: a computational study based on a @entity1 -specific three-dimensional model.

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral middle cerebral artery']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral ICA stenosis']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stenosis']


abstract: Colonies of Podocoryna carnea circulate gastrovascular fluid among @entity1127 via tubelike stolons. At polyp-stolon junctions, mitochondrion-rich cells in part regulate this gastrovascular flow. During competition, colonies hyperproliferate nematocytes and stolons; nematocysts are discharged until one colony is killed. Hyperproliferation then ceases, and normal growth resumes. Here, competing colonies were treated with @entity2769 , which inhibits respiration and upregulates reactive @entity26 species (ROS). After the cessation of competition, @entity2769 -treated colonies continued to hyperproliferate. In @entity2769 -treated competing colonies, however, mitochondrion-rich cells were found to produce similar amounts of ROS as those in untreated competing colonies. Subsequent experiments showed that both @entity2769 treatment and competition diminished the lumen widths at polyp-stolon junctions, where mitochondrion-rich cells are found. In competing colonies, these diminished widths may also diminish the metabolic demand on these cells, causing mitochondria to enter the resting state and emit more ROS. Indeed, results with two fluorescent probes show that mitochondrion-rich cells in competing colonies produce more ROS than those in noncompeting colonies. In sum, these results suggest that competition perturbs the usual activity of mitochondrion-rich cells, altering their redox state and increasing ROS formation. Via uncharacterized pathways, these ROS may contribute to hyperproliferation.

title: Reactive XXXX species and the regulation of hyperproliferation in a colonial hydroid.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the neuropathologic findings in four cases of @entity693 , a rare benign @entity1221 . DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of surgical pathology and autopsy material. RESULTS: Grossly, all four @entity5 were well-circumscribed @entity66 , and three of four were attached to dura. Microscopically, the @entity5 were composed of spindle cells with epithelioid foci. Mitoses were not seen and only one case exhibited minimal @entity39 . Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy demonstrated the melanocytic nature of the lesions; all four cases showed @entity4483 protein and @entity3508 staining, and three cases exhibited @entity320 -specific antigen staining. Immunostaining for epithelial markers and @entity2277 was uniformly negative. The single case in which electron microscopy was performed demonstrated premelanosomes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity693 is a benign pigmented @entity5 that can easily be confused with @entity320 , especially on frozen section analysis. Practicing surgical pathologists should be aware of this entity.

title: XXXX . An uncommon diagnostic pitfall in surgical neuropathology.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented lesions']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic tumor of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['Meningeal melanocytoma', 'meningeal melanocytoma']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['Meningeal melanocytoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a systematic approach to, and the visual and electrophysiological effect of, eye muscle surgery in 100 @entity1 with @entity11529 ( @entity11529 ). METHODS: Prospective, interventional case cohort analysis of clinical and eye movement data in 100 @entity1 with @entity11529 who had virgin extraocular eye muscles operated on for nystagmus with or without combinations of strabismus and an anomalous head posture. All @entity1 were followed at least 9 months after surgery. Outcome measures, part of an IRB approved study, included binocular visual acuity, head position, strabismic deviation, and eye movement recordings, from which waveform types and an Automated Nystagmus Acuityn Function (ANAF) was calculated. Computerized parametric and non-parametric statistical analysis of data were performed using standard software on both individual and group data. RESULTS: There were 9 consistent surgical procedures used with the most common being that for a horizontal head posture alone (22%). Age at surgery averaged 14 years with 11 months followup. Sixty-eight percent had associated @entity2194 (optic nerve, retinal, amblyopia, @entity231 ). Group means in binocular acuity, strabismic deviation, head posture, abd ANAF measures from eye improved for all procedures. There were 12 (12%) reoperations without any serious surgical complications. Individual analysis revealed only age and head posture differences in outcome measures between the 9 procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Using this approach, surgery on the extraocular muscles in @entity1 with @entity11529 results in improvements in multiple aspects of ocular motor and visual function.

title: A systematic approach to eye muscle surgery for infantile nystagmus syndrome: results in 100 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye disease']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts']

entities_list: @entity11529 :: ('MESH:D020936', 'Disease') :: ['INS', 'infantile nyustagmus syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In @entity235 and @entity468 an assessment of renal function is often needed, however, existing methods including urine and plasma clearances are invasive, cumbersome and time consuming. This pilot study evaluated the feasibility of a transcutaneous glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurement in @entity235 and @entity468 . Additionally the optimal dose and location for the transcutaneous measurement device were investigated. Renal elimination of fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labelled sinistrin ( @entity2823 -S) was measured transcutaneously for 4 hours. The procedures were performed in awake, freely moving animals using escalating doses of FITC-S (10 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg) with a wash-out period of at least 24 h in between. Multiple devices were placed on each animal. The resulting @entity2823 -S disappearance curves were visually assessed to determine the most suitable location and the appropriate dose to reach an adequate transcutaneous peak signal for kinetic analysis. In both species 30 mg/kg were adequate for kinetic calculation. The most suitable place for the device was the lateral thoracic wall in @entity235 and the ventral abdominal wall in @entity468 , respectively. Transcutaneous @entity2823 -S clearance was then repeated using the optimal dose and location and in parallel with an additional plasma sinistrin clearance. Plasma elimination half-lives [min] were 26, 31 and 35, and corresponding transcutaneous elimination half-lives [min] were 26, 34 and 55, respectively in the @entity235 . Plasma elimination half-lives [min] were 51, 60 and 61, and corresponding transcutaneous elimination half-lives [min] were 75, 96 and 83, respectively in the @entity468 . In conclusion, transcutaneous @entity2823 -S clearance is a feasible method for the assessment of GFR in awake @entity235 and @entity468 . It is noninvasive, well tolerated and easy to perform even in a clinical setting with results being readily available. A dose of 30 mg/kg of @entity2823 -S seems adequate for kinetic assessment. Further studies are now needed to establish reference values and evaluate transcutaneous renal clearance in various conditions.

title: A pilot study to assess the feasibility of transcutaneous glomerular filtration rate measurement using fluorescence-labelled sinistrin in @entity235 and XXXX .

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low @entity159 ( @entity159 ) has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk. However, the association between @entity159 and @entity64 incidence in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) has not been studied. We assessed the association between a multidimensional @entity159 construct and long-term @entity385 incidence after @entity583 in a prospective community-based cohort study. METHODS: A total of 1261 consecutive @entity1 aged  <= 65 years discharged after first @entity583 from 8 hospitals in central Israel in 1992-1993 were followed for @entity385 for a mean (SD) period of 11 (4) years. The number of unfavorable @entity159 factors, including lower than average family income,  <= 8 years of education, unemployment, and absence of a steady partner, was the primary exposure. We estimated the directly adjusted cumulative incidence of @entity64 treating @entity64 as a competing event using the Fine and Gray model for a subdistribution function. RESULTS: Low @entity159 was associated with older age, female sex, higher risk factor prevalence, increased @entity583 severity and inferior treatment. @entity385 was diagnosed in 142 @entity1 . The adjusted cumulative incidence of @entity385 gradually increased with the number of unfavorable @entity159 factors. The multivariable adjusted HRs (95% confidence intervals) for @entity385 were 1.5(0.9-2.4), 2.0(1.2-3.2) and 2.1(1.2-3.6) in @entity1 with 1, 2 and >=  3 unfavorable @entity159 factors respectively, compared with those with none. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support a dose-response relationship between @entity159 and @entity64 risk after @entity583 and suggest a multidimensional vulnerability related to @entity159 . These findings should be considered in planning secondary prevention strategies post- @entity583 .

title: Socioeconomic risk factor aggregation and long-term incidence of XXXX in @entity1 after first @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'non-stroke death']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SES', 'socioeconomic status']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To develop lumbar radiofrequency sympatholysis for the relief of @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity9 who had previously responded to sympathectomy or sympathetic blocks. METHODS: The technique described by Sluijter was modified to attempt to obtain long lasting @entity158 relief in each @entity1 . No one technique was universally applicable. The variations in technique are illustrated by the case reports. The basic technique that evolved is as follows: a 20-gauge 15-cm insulated needle with a 5-mm active tip was inserted in the direction of an x-ray beam (C arm). The initial target was slightly cephalad to the middle of the L3 vertebra. Contrast medium was injected to confirm the location of the needle. The temperature of the tip of the needle was controlled at 80 degrees C for 90 seconds. RESULTS: Thirty-eight procedures were performed on 20 @entity1 . Reproduction of the @entity158 for which the sympatholysis was undertaken, induced @entity809 , spread of dye, rapidity of temperature rise in the legs, and increase in pulse volume of the toes were useful guides to proper placement of the needle. Five @entity1 continue to be @entity158 free 5 months to 3 years after the last radiofrequency sympatholysis. Fifteen had temporary relief or no relief at all. The procedure was temporarily complicated by an excessively hot, swollen foot, and postsympathectomy @entity9 in a few cases. CONCLUSIONS: A single technique of radiofrequency sympatholysis does not appear to be applicable to all @entity1 with @entity6865 or sympathetically maintained @entity158 . Despite early successful sympathetic block with radiofrequency, as confirmed by a warm foot, long lasting @entity158 relief was difficult to obtain. The author concludes that individualized @entity1 management is necessary when considering radiofrequency sympatholysis in the treatment of @entity1 with sympathetically maintained @entity158 .

title: Radiofrequency lumbar sympatholysis. The evolution of a technique for managing sympathetically maintained XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['dysesthesia']

entities_list: @entity6865 :: ('MESH:D012019', 'Disease') :: ['reflex sympathetic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'neuralgia']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: AIM: Colonic surveillance reduces life time risk of @entity14 from 60-80% to 10% and confers a seven-year survival advantage in @entity1 with @entity4309 (HNPCC). The British Society of Gastroenterologists recommends colonoscopy at least every two years from age 25. Currently in the UK, genetic diagnosis is made by a regional genetics service and screening recommendations are made to the referring clinician. The aim of this study was to investigate compliance with and the effectiveness of large bowel surveillance in @entity4309 . METHOD: A retrospective longitudinal study of @entity4309 mutation carriers on the Regional Familial @entity14 Registry under and not under screening was conducted. To investigate screening compliance, @entity1 were included if alive at the start of the study. Data were gathered on timeliness, quality and outcome of screening. To examine the effectiveness of screening, the cumulative incidence of @entity14 was estimated using Kaplan-Meier and the screened population compared to that in @entity1 not being screened. RESULTS: 227 @entity4309 mutation carriers were under screening at 26 hospitals. 439 colonoscopies were assessed for timeliness of which 68% were compliant (interval <27 months). Compliance on 01/11/2011 was 87%. Cumulative incidence of @entity14 to age 70 was 25% (95% CI 17-32%) in the surveillance population and 81% (95% CI 78-84%) in 689 mutation positive @entity1 not being screened (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Overall 68% of colonoscopies were on time. The incidence of @entity14 was greatly reduced by screening but remained significant. @entity4309 @entity1 need pro-active surveillance management. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Colonoscopy screening compliance and outcomes in XXXX with @entity4309 .

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome', 'Lynch Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal Cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the pathological characteristics of cervical spinal fracture of @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ), and surgical effect by combined anterior and posterior operation. METHODS: Eighteen @entity1691 @entity1 with traumatic cervical @entity174 were treated from January 2000 to January 2006. The symptom duration of @entity1691 was 14.5 years in average. Three cases had undergone osteotomy in lumbar spine. There were 4 cases of Grade A, 3 cases of Grade B, 9 cases of Grade C and 2 cases of Grade D in Frankel's score. All @entity1 underwent surgical procedures by combined anterior and posterior approach. RESULTS: There were 4 anterior-posterior procedures, 8 anterior-posterior-anterior procedures and 6 posterior-anterior procedures. Seven @entity1 had one stage operation and 11 cases underwent two stage. There were some extent neurological improvement in 14 incompletely paraplegic @entity1 , no improvement in 4 complete @entity451 @entity1 . The follow-up period was 21.2 months in average and the bone fusion was 3.6 months. There were 4 complications during perioperative period and 1 in long term follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that anterior combined with posterior approach makes the spine stable and relieves the pressure immediately. It is the reasonable surgical strategy in the treatment of cervical @entity174 with @entity1691 .

title: [Combined anterior and posterior approach for cervical XXXX with @entity1691 ].

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture-dislocation', 'spinal fracture-dislocation']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture-dislocation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4179 ( @entity4179 ) and interleukin (IL)-6 are implicated in the growth of benign and malignant prostatic epithelial cells. We investigated the role of @entity4179 and @entity650 during the process of prostate carcinogenesis. METHODS: Using growth in soft agar as an index of transformation, we examined the effect of @entity4179 and @entity650 on the enhancement of @entity7044 ( @entity7045 )-initiated transformation of immortalized, nontumorigenic prostatic epithelial cell lines (PWR-1E and RWPE-1) developed in our laboratory. The effect of @entity4179 and @entity650 on the growth of @entity7045 -induced transformants isolated from soft agar was assessed both in monolayer culture and in a soft agar. RESULTS: After a 1 hr exposure to @entity7044 (50 microg/ml), cells (5 x 10(4)) were grown in soft agar in the presence of @entity4179 (5 ng/ml) or @entity650 (10 or 100 ng/ml). Addition of EGF or @entity650 significantly increased colony formation in soft agar of both immortalized prostatic epithelial cell lines initiated with @entity7045 (P < 0.001-0.05). Only a very small number of colonies was observed with the parental cell lines PWR-1E and RWPE-1 not exposed to @entity7045 , and their numbers increased by the addition of @entity13681 . All of the transformants, derived by exposure to @entity7045 and isolated from soft agar, exhibited a higher cell growth potential in monolayer cultures than did their parental cell lines. Furthermore, as compared to the parental cell lines, growth response of @entity7045 -transformants to @entity586 ( @entity586 ), @entity4179 , or @entity650 in monolayer culture was better in 5 of 8, 6 of 8, and 7 of 8 cell lines, respectively. All of the @entity7045 -transformants exhibited a far higher colony-forming efficiency in soft agar than did the parental cell lines. However, the degree of responsiveness to EGF or @entity650 in soft agar varied among the @entity7045 -transformants. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that @entity650 and @entity4179 may enhance prostate carcinogenesis in vitro by preferentially stimulating the growth of transformed cells.

title: XXXX and @entity4179 promote anchorage-independent growth of immortalized human prostatic epithelial cells treated with @entity7044 .

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['5alpha-DHT', '5alpha-dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['Epidermal growth factor', 'EGF']

entities_list: @entity7044 :: ('MESH:D008770', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-N-nitrosourea']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['Interleukin-6']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether @entity1254 is independently associated with @entity6 and whether @entity1254 and other @entity1253 account for the relationship between fat and @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A nested case-control study from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) study. We measured four @entity1253 : @entity1254 , interleukin (IL)-6, @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha, and @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ). Regional fat area was determined by computed tomography scan. The 519 case subjects had @entity6 defined by fasting plasma @entity413 level > or =126 mg/dl or by use of @entity6 medications. The 519 control subjects had normal @entity413 tolerance and were matched by sex, race, and study site. Sex-specific logistic models were adjusted for age, race, site, total adiposity, smoking, and physical activity. RESULTS: Higher @entity1254 levels were associated with lower risk of @entity6 (P < 0.001). Visceral fat was the only adiposity measure associated with @entity6 after adjusting for BMI (odds ratio 3.0 [2.1-4.3] in @entity1 and 1.3 [1.0-1.6] in @entity1 , P < 0.001 between-sex comparison). @entity1253 attenuated the association between visceral fat and @entity6 for both sexes but more strongly in @entity1 ( @entity1 2.3 [1.5-3.3], @entity1 1.1 [0.9-1.4]). In @entity1 , @entity1254 , @entity650 , and @entity2289 remained independently associated with @entity6 after adjusting for fat depots; in @entity1 , @entity1254 was the only independently associated adipocytokine. Controlling for insulin, HDL, @entity1674 , and blood pressure did not change these results. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1254 is associated with lower odds of @entity6 in older @entity1 and @entity1 . Whereas several @entity1253 explained the relationship between visceral adiposity and @entity6 in @entity1 , only @entity1254 partially mediated this association among @entity1 .

title: @entity1253 attenuate the association between visceral adiposity and XXXX in older adults.

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor 1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1253 :: ('MESH:D054392', 'Chemical') :: ['adipocytokines', 'Adipocytokines']

entities_list: @entity1254 :: ('9370', 'Gene') :: ['Adiponectin', 'adiponectin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Abstract Background: @entity4006 (VAR) has demonstrated superior efficacy over other smoking cessation pharmacotherapies, though 50-60% of those treated do maintain abstinence. Some preclinical findings suggest that new @entity1239 @entity734 pharmacotherapies should target the glutamatergic system, given its demonstrated role in addiction. Attention has been given to @entity898 (NAC), which appears to restore normal @entity2227 signaling in animal models. It is possible that NAC and VAR may work in concert to promote abstinence at higher rates than with either medication alone. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the feasibility and safety of co-administering NAC and VAR in @entity1239 -dependent @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 (n   =   19) were daily cigarette smokers, and did not need to be seeking treatment. They received 4 weeks of open-label treatment with NAC (1200   mg twice daily) and VAR (1   mg twice daily, following titration) and were assessed weekly for adverse events (AEs), smoking, craving and withdrawal. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 reported a total of 40 AEs, and most were mild (88%). The most commonly reported AE was @entity390 (15%). Medication adherence, assessed via self-reports and pill counts, was excellent (98%). Exploratory analyses showed reductions in cigarettes per day, though point prevalence abstinence at the end of the study was low. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary data provide the first demonstration of safety and feasibility of the co-administration of NAC and VAR in cigarette smokers. AEs were consistent with those typically reported for VAR and NAC. These data support future efficacy research on NAC and VAR for smoking cessation.

title: An open-label pilot trial of XXXX and @entity4006 in adult cigarette smokers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity4006 :: ('MESH:C500838', 'Chemical') :: ['Varenicline']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity898 :: (MESH:D000111,Chemical) :: ['N-acetylcysteine']