abstract: @entity8351 is a disease caused by the deficient activity of alpha-mannosidase, a lysosomal hydrolase involved in the degradation of glycoproteins. The disease is characterized by the accumulation of @entity3913 -rich oligosaccharides within lysosomes. The purpose of this study was to characterize the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) @entity17 in @entity468 from a breeding colony with a uniform mutation in the gene encoding alpha-mannosidase. Three affected @entity468 and 3 normal @entity468 from 2 litters were examined weekly from 4 to 18 wk of age. Progressively worsening neurological signs developed in affected @entity468 that included @entity400 , loss of balance, and @entity346 . In the PNS, affected @entity468 showed slow motor nerve conduction velocity and increased F-wave latency. Single nerve fiber teasing revealed significant @entity17 /remyelination in affected @entity468 . Mean G-ratios of nerves showed a significant increase in affected @entity468 compared to normal @entity468 . Magnetic resonance imaging of the CNS revealed @entity62 throughout the brain of affected @entity468 . Quantitative magnetization transfer imaging showed a 8%-16% decrease in the magnetization transfer ratio in brain white matter of affected @entity468 compared to normal @entity468 , consistent with @entity17 . Histology confirmed myelin loss throughout the cerebrum and cerebellum. Thus, histology, electrodiagnostic testing, and magnetic resonance imaging identified significant @entity17 in both the PNS and CNS that have not been described previously in @entity8351 .

title: Histopathology, electrodiagnostic testing, and magnetic resonance imaging show significant peripheral and central nervous system myelin abnormalities in the cat model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination', 'myelination abnormalities', 'myelin abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse white matter signal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity8351 :: ('MESH:D008363', 'Disease') :: ['Alpha-mannosidosis', 'alpha-mannosidosis']

answer: @entity8351 :: (MESH:D008363,Disease) :: ['alpha-mannosidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity99 scale does not predict need for surgical intervention, a high-grade complex @entity99 should alert the physician to expect an increased risk of @entity409 following @entity130 . The aim of the current study was to define hepatic related morbidity in @entity1 sustaining high-grade @entity99 that could be safely managed non-operatively. @entity1 AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of @entity1 with @entity99 admitted to Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centre over a 10-year period. Grade 3-5 injuries were considered to be high grade. Collected data included the number and types of @entity409 . Interventions which were required for these complications in @entity1 who survived longer than 24 hours were analysed. RESULTS: Of 398 @entity1 with liver @entity130 , 64 (16%) were found to have high-grade @entity99 . @entity130 was blunt @entity130 in 43 cases, and penetrating in 21. Forty @entity1 (62%) required operative treatment. Among survivors 22 @entity1 (47.8%) developed @entity409 which required additional interventional treatment. Bilomas and @entity1157 were diagnosed in 16 cases @entity130 . The diagnosis of @entity1157 was suspected with abdominal CT scan, which revealed intraabdominal collections (n = 6), and @entity843 (n = 2). Three @entity1 had continuous biliary leak from intraabdominal drains left after laparotomy. Nine @entity1 required ERCP with biliary stent placement, and 2 required percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. ERCP failed in one case. Four angioembolizations (AE) were performed in 3 @entity1 for rebleeding. Surgical treatment was found to be associated with higher complication rate. AE at admission was associated with a significantly higher rate of biliary complications. There were 24 deaths (37%), the majority from uncontrolled @entity548 (18 @entity1 ). There were only 2 hepatic-related mortalities due to @entity1578 . CONCLUSIONS: A high complication rate following high-grade @entity99 should be anticipated. In @entity1 with clinical evidence of biliary complications, CT scan is a useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool. AE, ERCP and temporary internal stenting, together with percutaneous drainage of intra-abdominal or intrahepatic bile collections, represents a safe and effective strategy for the management of complications following both blunt and penetrating @entity99 .

title: Complications of high grade XXXX : management and outcomewith focus on @entity1157 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile leaks']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic complications', 'liver-related complications']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injuries', 'hepatic trauma', 'hepatic injuries', 'liver injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Mechanism of injury', 'trauma', 'post-injury']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['liver injuries']


abstract: A twenty year old @entity1 affected by Guillain-Barr  's radiculopolyneuritis with @entity10492 had high protein and only few cells in the C.S.F., with no cranial nerve involvement or respiratory difficulty. He had high arterial pressure (both diastolic and systolic) for about three months accompanied by episodes of @entity591 and hyperhydrosis. Investigations of renal functionas well as @entity2922 and @entity17081 urinary excretion were normal. Tilting test and carotid sinus reflex were normal. The @entity1 recovered almost completely eight months after the onset of his illness. The presence of arterial @entity101 in the @entity5011 has been rarely reported with no respiratory involvement; however this condition may be less rare than suspected. The pathogenesis of this complication is not easy to explain. According to the authors this condition may be due, in cases, to impairment of the sympathetic system mostly at peripheral level. In some cases of @entity5011 renal involvement of immunopathological origin might be the cause of @entity101 . The authors emphasize the importance of a correct evaluation of symptoms in the prognosis and in the choice of therapy.

title: [On a case of XXXX 's polyradiculoneuritis with arterial @entity101 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity17081 :: ('MESH:D014642', 'Chemical') :: ['vanil-mandelic acid']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ["Guillain-Barr  's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity10492 :: ('MESH:C565722', 'Disease') :: ['tetraparesis']

answer: @entity5011 :: (MESH:D020275,Disease) :: ['Guillain - Barre']


abstract: Acute or chronic inflammatory demyelinating @entity8954 is a @entity395 that presents with @entity425 , @entity427 , and sensory loss. Treatment consists of immunosuppression and/or plasma exchange. A @entity1 in the first trimester of pregnancy presents with flaccid @entity1688 and @entity1183 . Electromyography demonstrated a demyelinating @entity305 with active denervation. The diagnosis of @entity5011 was made. She was treated with @entity288 and plasmapheresis. Despite slow improvement, she decided to terminate the pregnancy at 18 weeks' gestation. At 1 year postpartum she is still in remission. Inflammatory demyelinating @entity8954 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of every pregnant @entity1 with new onset @entity1897 . It is suggested that relapse occurs three times more common during pregnancy. Plasmapheresis is the recommended treatment.

title: A case of XXXX in early pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriplegia']

entities_list: @entity8954 :: ('MESH:D011129', 'Disease') :: ['polyradiculoneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyporeflexia']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity5011 :: (MESH:D020275,Disease) :: ['acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy']


abstract: Pressure overload diseases, such as @entity849 and systemic @entity101 , manifest morphologically in @entity1 as cardiac @entity1184 . Prevention of @entity299 due to increased pressure overload is important to reduce morbidity and mortality. @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ) is a major bioactive @entity3978 present in green tea which has been found to be a @entity842 -mediated vasorelaxant and to be cardioprotective in @entity741 -reperfusion injury. Therefore, we investigated whether @entity3090 supplementation could reduce in vivo pressure overloadmediated @entity1283 . @entity1283 was induced by suprarenal transverse abdominal aortic constriction (AC) in @entity35 . Three weeks after AC surgery, heart to body weight ratio increased in the AC group by 34% compared to the sham group. @entity3090 administration suppressed the load-induced increase in heart weight by 69%. Attenuation of @entity1283 by @entity3090 was associated with attenuation of the increase in myocyte cell size and @entity82 induced by aortic constriction. Despite abolition of @entity1184 by @entity3090 , transstenotic pressure gradients did not change. Echocardiogram revealed that increased left ventricular systolic dimensions and deteriorated systolic function were relieved by @entity3090 . These results suggest that @entity3090 prevents the development of left ventricular @entity1184 by pressure overload and may be a useful therapeutic modality to prevent @entity299 in @entity1 with pressure overload @entity296 .

title: @entity3089 prevents @entity1283 induced by pressure overload in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial diseases']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['concentric hypertrophy', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac hypertrophy', 'cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['Epigallocatechin-3 gallate']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['valvular stenosis']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac remodeling']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The effects on isometric @entity2701 of three divalent ions that block @entity460 channels, @entity1760 , @entity1953 , and @entity3409 , were tested in small bundles of @entity35 soleus fibers. @entity1953 , at a concentration of 2 or 6 mM, reversibly @entity308 twitch and tetanic @entity2701 and the @entity308 was much greater in solutions containing no added @entity460 ions. @entity1760 caused much less @entity308 of @entity2701 than @entity1953 . The @entity308 of @entity2701 was not accompanied by membrane depolarization or a reduction in the amplitude of action potentials. A reduction caused by 6 mM @entity1953 in the amplitude of 40 or 80 mM @entity972 contractures was not accompanied by a comparable reduction in @entity2701 during 200 mM @entity972 contractures, and could be explained by a shift in the @entity972 contracture @entity2701 -voltage curve to more positive potentials (by +7 mV on average). Similar effects were not seen with 2 or 6 mM @entity1760 . At a concentration of 20 mM, both @entity1953 and @entity1760 @entity308 twitch and tetanic @entity2701 , @entity1953 having greater effect than @entity1760 . Both ions shifted the @entity972 contracture @entity2701 -voltage curve to the right by +5 to +10 mV, caused a small @entity308 of maximum @entity2701 , and slowed the time course of @entity972 contractures. @entity3409 (3 mM) @entity308 twitch, tetanic, and @entity972 contracture @entity2701 by more than 6 mM @entity1953 , but experiments were complicated by the gradual appearance of large contractures that became even larger, and sometimes oscillatory, when the solution containing @entity3409 was washed out. It was concluded that divalent cations affect both activation and inactivation of @entity2701 in a manner that cannot be completely explained by a change in surface charge.

title: Effects of @entity1953 , @entity1760 , and @entity3409 on contraction of XXXX soleus muscle.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity3409 :: ('MESH:D002104', 'Chemical') :: ['Cadmium', 'cadmium']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1953 :: ('MESH:D003035', 'Chemical') :: ['Cobalt', 'cobalt']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium', 'Magnesium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Controversy regarding the nosological position of the syndrome of @entity4610 , @entity2055 and @entity4894 ( @entity4894 ) exists. The @entity409 was presumed to represent an unusually symmetrical @entity129 . To investigate the neuro-ophthalmic manifestations in this rare syndrome we reviewed 109 reports describing 243 cases. The @entity4610 was remarkable in its constant association with a @entity6447 . It was described to be remarkably symmetrical at all stages of development and recovery. From the early description of the syndrome by Fisher the @entity4610 was observed to evolve as a symmetrical failure of upgaze followed by loss of lateral gaze and last by downgaze, recovery develops in the opposite pattern. Despite the severe nature of the @entity4610 , 58 @entity1 were reported to have sparing of downgaze and 192 (79%) had relative sparing of the eye lids. Active lid retraction and preserved Bell's phenomenon, despite upgaze @entity912 , were described in 22 and 15 @entity1 respectively. Upper lid jerks were described in 2, @entity1319 in 2, convergence @entity2473 in 6, @entity1319 in 15 and horizontal dissociated nystagmus in 11. Interestingly 23 were reported to present with @entity912 of abduction progressing to lateral gaze @entity912 and 5 had @entity912 of abduction and contralateral gaze @entity912 . Four had defective vestibulo-ocular reflex despite recovery of upgaze, 10 had central type nystagmus including rotatory, retractory and rebound nystagmus. Relative preservation of optokinetic nystagmus and preservation of vestibulo-ocular reflex despite an otherwise complete @entity4610 were reported in 6 and 2 @entity1 respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of the syndrome of @entity4610 , XXXX and @entity4894 : a review.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral cranial nerve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4894 :: ('MESH:D019846', 'Disease') :: ['areflexia', 'Miller Fisher syndrome']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['oculomotor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ["Parinaud's syndrome", 'internuclear ophthalmoplegia']

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmoplegia']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar type ataxia']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity2055 :: (MESH:D001259,Disease) :: ['ataxia']


abstract: Between January 1, 1978, and December 31, 1987, a total of 103 @entity1 had operations for @entity1755 . The average age was 73 years (range, 53 to 91 years). Thirty-two @entity1 died during surgery or in the immediate postoperative period. In 19 of the remaining 71 @entity1 @entity63 developed, an incidence of 27 per cent. This report reviews the clinical findings and course of these @entity1 . The average age of @entity1 developing @entity63 was 72 years (range, 53 to 90 years), not significantly different from the group as a whole. There was no correlation between the type of vascular reconstruction and the development of @entity63 . Eleven @entity1 died and eight survived, for a mortality rate of 58 per cent. The most common clinical finding was @entity294 early in the postoperative period, which was noted in 20 @entity1 . Thirteen of these @entity1 had @entity63 confirmed by flexible sigmoidoscopy. Eight (62%) of these 13 @entity1 survived; three were managed nonoperatively and five had colectomy. Six @entity1 presented between postoperative days 9 and 20 with signs of increasing sepsis but with no @entity294 or other significant clinical findings; @entity63 was confirmed by sigmoidoscopy in all six @entity1 . All of these @entity1 died of septic complications. Seven @entity1 with early postoperative @entity294 had normal sigmoidoscopic findings. None developed septic complications and five survived; two died of @entity299 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX following abdominal aortic reconstruction for ruptured aneurysm. A 10-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic colitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['Ischemic colitis']


abstract: The preemptive use of analgetics makes it possible to influence sensitization proceedings caused by a @entity130 . Various mechanisms are effective in central @entity158 treatment. The @entity143 receptor plays an important role. The investigation presented was to examine whether an intraoperative combination of analgetics with different points of contact leads to improved postoperative @entity1337 . Altogether 39 female @entity1 who had to undergo a gynaecological laparotomy were examined. Three groups of 13 @entity1 were randomly formed. In addition to usual general anaesthesia, the @entity1 of group one received 0.5 mg/kg bodyweight @entity3652 racemate before the skin incision and thereafter 10 micrograms/kg/min @entity3652 infusion continuously until peritoneum closure and then @entity2827 0.9% as a placebo after the final skin suture. The @entity1 of group two received placebos before the skin incision and intraoperatively and 0.5 mg/kg bodyweight @entity3652 after the last skin suture. In group three the @entity1 received placebos at all three points of time. Analgetics consumption, @entity158 intensity, awakening reaction, vital parameters as well as psychomimetic side-effects and @entity390 / @entity391 were listed postoperatively. Between the groups no differences were found regarding postoperative analgetics consumption. In addition, the @entity158 intensity showed no differences regarding an improved postoperative @entity1337 through the combination of analgetics with different points of contact. The intraoperative combination of @entity3652 and @entity680 does not lead to a @entity282 . No preemptive @entity1337 is clinically provable.

title: [Preemptive effects caused by co- XXXX with @entity3652 in gynecological laparotomies?].

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This study evaluates the magnetic resonance characteristics of @entity7181 and their associated disc space @entity281 . OBJECTIVES: The results were correlated with history, clinical, and laboratory findings to provide guidelines for @entity281 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Imaging signs of @entity281 have been reported before, but not with special attention to early clinical and imaging findings. METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 (10 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 ; age range, 32-64 years) with progressive sensorimotor deficit were studied. All @entity1 had a neurologic examination after admission and a magnetic resonance imaging scan done within the first 48 hours. In all cases, T1-weighted images before and after administration of @entity2287 were obtained. T2-weighted images were acquired in eight cases as well. Ten @entity1 subsequently underwent open surgery; in three cases, a percutaneous biopsy and drainage was performed. RESULTS: @entity1512 was found in five @entity1 , and @entity1512 was seen in another five cases. Three @entity1 had an @entity281 without a concomitant @entity1512 . Neurologic and clinical findings varied considerably. Despite clinical signs of @entity602 , a @entity602 was demonstrated only once. Signal change in T2-weighted images may be the first sign of disc space @entity281 . Because a @entity51 may occur before any change is visible, follow-up examinations may be required if @entity281 is suspected on clinical grounds. CONCLUSIONS: Magnetic resonance imaging is the appropriate method for diagnostic work-up of progressive @entity51 resulting from @entity281 .

title: Epidural spinal XXXX . Variability of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['discitis', 'thoracic discitis', 'Cervical discitis']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord lesion', 'spinal cord involvement']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['early and appropriate diagnosis of epidural spinal infections', 'infection', 'infections', 'spinal infections', 'epidural infection']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity7181 :: ('MESH:D020802', 'Disease') :: ['spinal epidural abscesses']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Alterations in adrenergic receptor densities can potentially contribute to @entity296 . Their relevance to @entity1562 in @entity1 is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Accordingly, 22 transmural myocardial biopsies were obtained in 11 @entity1 with @entity67 during bypass surgery, guided by transesophageal echocardiography. @entity1 underwent @entity452 echocardiography (DE) and rest scintigraphic studies before revascularization and DE at 3 to 4 months. @entity23706 ) and extent of @entity82 were quantified from the myocardial biopsies. Of the 22 segments, 16 had abnormal rest function and 6 were normal. Severely @entity5048 or @entity2845 segments showed a 2.4-fold increase in @entity23706 with a concomitant 50% decrease in BRD compared with normal segments. An increase in @entity23706 , a decrease in BRD to a lesser extent, and thus an increase in @entity23706 /BRD ratio were seen in dysfunctional segments with contractile reserve compared with normal segments and were most pronounced in those without contractile reserve (P:<0.001). Similar findings were observed if recovery of function or scintigraphic uptake was analyzed as a marker for viability. No significant relation between either @entity23706 or BRD and percent @entity296 was noted (r=0.37 and -0.39, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Thus, graded and reciprocal changes in alpha- and ss-adrenergic receptor densities occur in viable, hibernating @entity1562 and may account in part for the observed @entity308 in resting myocardial function and preserved contractile reserve in this entity.

title: Altered adrenergic receptor density in @entity1562 in @entity1 : A possible mechanism of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis', 'myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity23706 :: ('55256', 'Gene') :: ['ARD', 'alpha- and ss-receptor density (ARD and BRD']

entities_list: @entity5048 :: ('MESH:C536231', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinetic']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium', 'myocardial hibernation']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressed myocardial function']


abstract: In an International @entity0 Study Group phase I/II program, 70 @entity1 with advanced @entity0 received up to eight courses of 75 mg/m2 docetaxel combined with 90 mg/m(2) @entity1259 , every 3 weeks. @entity1261 was not administered prophylactically. Grade 4 @entity1398 occurred in 88% of cycles that were not supported by @entity1261 . However, @entity1398 affected only 24% of cycles. It occurred after the first cycle in 56% of cases and was managed by oral antibiotics in 52% of cases. When supportive @entity1261 was administered, the incidence of @entity1398 fell to 3% and grade 4 @entity1398 to 41%. Only 6% of @entity1 experienced a greater than 20% reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction and no severe, irreversible @entity1370 was observed. The overall response rate (RR) was 66% and median time to progression was 4.5 months. The RR was similar in @entity1 with prior adjuvant chemotherapy and @entity1 with @entity66 . These data and those of comparable series suggest that the combination of @entity1259 and @entity1205 is tolerable and active, and that it should be further developed clinically.

title: @entity1205 and @entity1259 in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['predominantly visceral disease']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2662 associated @entity602 /tropical @entity3500 ( @entity3498 / @entity3499 ) is a defined entity. However, there are many @entity1 not well characterized with a similar clinical picture who are @entity2662 seronegative. OBJECTIVE: Clinical and neurophysiological description of @entity1 with @entity2662 seronegative idiopathic paraparesis. @entity1 AND METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 (4 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 aged 24-67 years, average 52.3) were evaluated including clinical assessment, vibratory sensory analysis, quantitative somatosensory thermotest (QST), somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs), electromyography (EMG) and motor and sensory nerve conductions. RESULTS: In addition to the @entity3500 , 3 (17.6%) @entity1 @entity1109 . Ten (58.8%) @entity1 had a spastic gait but could walk unaided, 6 (35.2%) needed support and 1 @entity1 could not walk. @entity1494 was found in 10 (58.8) @entity1 and sensory symptoms in 7 (41.1%). There was mild @entity73 and position sense, distal tactile and pinprick @entity1183 in 4 (23.4%) @entity1 . Tibial SSEPs were abnormal in 11 (64.7%). Nerve conduction studies and EMG were normal. QST showed @entity1183 in 14 (82.4%) @entity1 . Warm sensation and beat @entity158 appeared unimpaired. CONCLUSIONS: All @entity3002 found were restricted to sensations carried by myelinated ( @entity477 and A delta) channels. Sensory and motor abnormalities are similar to @entity3498 / @entity3499 @entity1 suggesting a common pathogenesis.

title: [ XXXX seronegative idiopathic progressive @entity3500 : clinical and neurophysiological study of the sensory features].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['hypoesthesia', 'cold hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3500 :: ('MESH:D020336', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['distal impairment of vibration']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['had pseudobulbar symptoms']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['sensory abnormalities']

answer: @entity2662 :: (11908,Species) :: ['HTLV-I']


abstract: In order to optimize the therapeutic index of combining @entity2879 , @entity1259 , @entity900 , @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ), @entity4181 (EEPFL) chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced @entity356 , a trial of a novel schedule of weekly administration was conducted. Weekly EEPFL treatment consisted of a concomitant boost of @entity2879 40 mg m(-2) i.v. over 30 min, @entity1259 10 mg m(-2) i.v. over 5 min to a backbone regimen, weekly PFL chemotherapy with @entity900 25 mg m(-2), @entity1487 2200 mg m(-2), @entity4181 120 mg m(-2) given simultaneously by 24-h i.v. infusion. Response, survival and @entity137 were evaluated. Forty-two @entity1 were studied. Median age was 69 (range 31-84) years. Twenty-six per cent of @entity1 showed complete response and 45% partial response. The overall response rate was 71% (95% confidence interval 58-84%). For a total of 507 weekly EEPFL cycles delivered, the incidence of grade 4 @entity1210 was 1% of cycles. One @entity1 died of @entity1398 . There was no other grade 4 @entity137 . Grade 3 and 2 @entity1210 occurred in 7% and 14% of cycles. The incidence of grade 3 and 2 @entity33 was 1% and 3% of cycles. Grade 3 and 2 @entity294 occurred in 0.4% and 1.6% of cycles. Overall median survival was 10 months (range 3-41+ months). Weekly EEPFL chemotherapy is an effective regimen with tolerable @entity137 in the treatment of advanced @entity356 . A randomized controlled clinical trial to formally assess the efficacy and benefit of EEPFL chemotherapy is under way.

title: Weekly @entity2879 , @entity1259 , @entity900 , @entity1487 and @entity4181 : an effective chemotherapy in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: The efficacy and safety of @entity1090 have previously been demonstrated in controlled clinical trials in hospitalized chronic @entity161 @entity1 who met strict research criteria. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity1090 in a heterogeneous @entity1 population. @entity1 were enrolled in the study if they had a diagnosis of @entity161 ( @entity6013 ) with or without acute exacerbation. Of the 945 @entity1 from 158 @entity146 centers who entered this phase IV study, 558 completed the 10-week trial. During week 1, the dose of @entity1090 was titrated to 6 mg/day, maintained there for 1 week, and then adjusted over a 4-week period as clinically necessary; the dose was then fixed for the final 4-week period. The mean dose of @entity1090 at endpoint was 5.9 mg/day. @entity1 were evaluated at baseline and at weeks 2, 6, and 10, using Clinical Global Impression scale, Psychotic Symptoms Assessment scale, and Global Assessment of Functioning scale. Significant improvement in mean scores was found on each of these measures at endpoint. Comparable results were obtained at week 10 in treatment-resistant and non-treatment-resistant @entity1 . @entity1090 was generally well tolerated and the severity of @entity21 was significantly reduced at endpoint.

title: A clinical evaluation of XXXX in the treatment of @entity161 : a 10-week, open-label, multicenter trial. ARCS Study Group. Assessment of Risperdal in a Clinical Setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone', 'Risperidone']

answer: @entity1090 :: (MESH:D018967,Chemical) :: ['risperidone']


abstract: Calcite saturation in eastern UK rivers is assessed in relation to the potential kinetic inhibition of calcite precipitation. Two well established inhibitors are considered: soluble reactive @entity3151 (SRP, i.e. inorganic monomeric @entity3151 ); and dissolved organic @entity505 ( @entity4420 ). The rivers show a range of calcite saturation levels from approximately 1hundredth to approximately 100-fold. The greatest range occurs for the northernmost river considered, the Tweed, where the waters range from highly unsaturated to highly oversaturated. The lowest range occurs for the most southerly rivers (the Great Ouse and the Thames) where the waters are consistently oversaturated with respect to calcite. The contrasting patterns relate to a greater diversity of water quality within the northern regions. Thus, during the winter, the main waters are derived from the upland areas with acidic soils and low weathering rates. During the summer baseflow periods, groundwater inputs are more important and high photosynthesis results in particularly high pHs and calcite oversaturation. In contrast, for the southern rivers, the main source of water during both the summer baseflow and the winter highflow periods comes from @entity4959 rich aquifer sources. Statistical analysis of pH vs. the logarithm of the calcite saturation index for each river indicates strong linear features with individual gradients of approximately 1. This linearity results from an autocorrelation (the logarithm of the saturation index is calculated from the pH) and this indicates that calcite solubility controls are not operative in any of the rivers examined. A comparison of calcite saturation levels and SRP and @entity4420 concentrations show a pattern inconsistent with kinetic hindrance, although some structure is observed, probably due to the mixing reactions between point and diffuse sources of water with contrasting chemistry.

title: XXXX saturation in eastern UK rivers.

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium carbonate']

answer: @entity4959 :: (MESH:D002119,Chemical) :: ['Calcite']


abstract: Laparoscopic colorectal resection has been extensively accepted for treatment of @entity14 . There are several reports about surgeon's age as a factor to have influence on learning laparoscopic approach, and there is no consensus on this point. This study was designed to evaluate the outcomes of laparoscopic colorectal resection in period of learning curve completed by surgeons with different age in order to make clear whether older surgeons may learn laparoscopic approach with more difficulty than younger. From July 2010 to August 2012, the first twenty @entity1 underwent laparoscopic colorectal resection completed by each surgeon were selected for analysis. A total of 240 @entity1 treated by 5 older surgeons with median age of 51 years (range 47-54 years) and 7 younger surgeons with median age of 37 years (range 34-43 years) were divided into group 1 (n = 100) and group 2 (n = 140). The short-term outcomes of laparoscopic surgery of the two groups were compared. Two groups were matched in age, gender, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), etc. The median number of lymph nodes harvested was 18 (range 7-63) in group 1 and 16 (range 3-66) in group 2 (P = 0.003); The median operative time in group 1 was 185 min (range 105-480 min) compared to 235 min (range 120-470 min) in group 2 (P < 0.001), and @entity190 were 150 ml (range 50-400 ml) and 200 ml (range 50-800 ml), respectively (P < 0.001); Conversion rate in group 2 was lower than in group 1 (12.0 vs 18.6 %, P = 0.196). The mean time to passing of first flatus was 3 day (range 2-5 day) in group 1 and 4 day (range 2-6 day) in group 2 (P = 0.001). Older surgeons can master the laparoscopic skill more easily and quickly. Age is not an obstacle for older surgeons to learn laparoscopic approach for @entity14 .

title: Age, is it an obstacle for older surgeons to learn laparoscopic approach for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A salutogenetic approach may play an important role in developing adolescent understanding of health. On the basis of sense of coherence the study examined the relationships between self-assessed physical fitness and actual performed @entity410 . METHODS: Data were collected from 199 @entity1 aged 13, randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group. Frequency of out-of-school moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was self-rated by pupils while @entity410 was measured using 20-meter Shuttle Run test (20SRT) from the battery of Eurofit. Sense of coherence was measured with a SOC-13 questionnaire. A three semesters (15 months) intervention into a physical education programme, based on the Hellison's Teaching Responsibility through Physical Activity (TRPA) model, was introduced in the experimental group. RESULTS: In the experimental group post-test examination revealed that @entity410 had improved significantly as the number of minutes completed in 20SRT increased. A similar situation was observed in the case of sense of coherence. No such findings were observed in the control group, and in a post-test comparison both the average results in 20SRT and in sense of coherence were statistically ( @entity2451 .05) lower than in the experimental group. CONCLUSIONS: A health-related physical education programme based on developing individual responsibility through self-planned out-of-school activity can provide pupils with substantially more physical activity during the day (and thus improve @entity410 ) when it is based on self-determined and individualized objectives.

title: Salutogenesis as a framework for improving health resources of adolescent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['boys']


abstract: AIM: The psychometric properties of the Chinese version of Violence Scale in clinical service setting were examined. BACKGROUND: Psychiatric inpatient's aggressive act is a significant clinical issue in @entity146 service. A useful objective rating scale for prospective study and clinical application was mandatory. DESIGN: A prospective panel study. METHODS: The Chinese version of Violence Scale developed from Morrison's Violence Scale. Sampled @entity1 (n = 107) with @entity161 spectrum, fulfilling the DSM-IV criteria, were recruited consecutively in a @entity146 acute ward of a university hospital over a period of one-year. The @entity1 ' counts of the aggressive acts measured by the Chinese version of Violence Scale occurred in the past one-month prior to admission and in the prospective initial-week after admission were collected during their hospitalisation. The prospective occurrence was observed daily and summed at a fixed weekly point. The internal consistency, content validity and predictive validity of the Chinese version of Violence Scale were examined. Also, a confirmatory factors analysis by LISREL was conducted to examine its measurement structure. RESULTS: The Chinese version of Violence Scale follows a Poisson distribution of a fair quality (Cronbach's alpha = 0.67). The Chinese version of Violence Scale with panel's content validity has good predictive validity (r = 0.51, p < 0.001). Those correlated to one latent variable with six items, which constructs a core meaning of 'threatening aggression toward others'. CONCLUSIONS: This panel study provides evidence for fair reliability and satisfactory validity of the Chinese version of Violence Scale. Internal consistency of the Chinese version of Violence Scale is limited and it may be because of the time-varying characteristic and hierarchical pattern of the behaviour items. To further investigate the count scale of the Chinese version of Violence Scale follows a Poisson distribution, the over-dispersion and weighting issues of aggressive acts were suggested to approach. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This study highlights the measurement issues and implications of the Chinese version of Violence Scale for objectively rating @entity146 @entity1 ' aggressive acts to further develop fitted nursing care and prevention program.

title: Psychometric evaluation of Chinese version of Violence Scale for objective rating among inpatients with XXXX .

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our knowledge about the bidirectional interactions between brain and whole organism after @entity130 is still limited. It was the purpose of this prospective clinical study to determine the influence of severe @entity542 (SHT) as well as @entity130 in different anatomic injury regions on posttraumatic inflammatory mediator levels from @entity1 with @entity1230 . METHODS: Thirty-five healthy controls, 33 @entity1 with an isolated SHT, 47 @entity1 with @entity1230 without SHT, and 45 @entity1 with both SHT and @entity1230 were studied. The posttraumatic plasma levels of soluble @entity5 necrosis factor receptors @entity2902 and @entity3647 , @entity650 , @entity688 , and @entity11891 were monitored using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The influence of @entity542 as well as thorax, abdomen, and extremity injuries on the mediator release from @entity1 with @entity1230 was investigated by multivariate linear regression models. RESULTS: The soluble @entity5 necrosis factor receptor @entity2902 / @entity3647 ratio was significantly elevated within 3 hours of @entity130 in all three injury groups and returned to reference ratios after 12 hours. The lowest increase was found in @entity1 suffering from an isolated SHT. Lowest mediator levels in this @entity1 population were also found for @entity650 , @entity688 , and @entity11891 during the first 36 hours after @entity130 . @entity130 to the head, thorax, abdomen, and extremity modulated mediator levels to a different degree. No specific effect was found for SHT when compared with other injury groups. @entity130 caused the quickest rise in mediator levels, whereas @entity3511 significantly increased @entity11891 levels 12 to 24 hours after @entity130 . CONCLUSION: @entity130 cause the liberation of various mediators, without any specific association between anatomic injury pattern and the pattern of mediator release.

title: Association between injury pattern of @entity1 with @entity1230 and circulating levels of soluble XXXX necrosis factor receptors, @entity650 and @entity688 , and polymorphonuclear neutrophil elastase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11891 :: ('1991', 'Gene') :: ['PMN elastase', 'polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) elastase']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma', 'head injuries']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal injuries']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Additional injuries', 'Traumatic injuries', 'Thorax injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The effect of gelatin ingestion on @entity165 metabolism and on @entity1856 formation was evaluated in both wild type (n=14) and @entity6970 ( @entity6970 ) knock out ( @entity6970 (-/-)) (n=20) C57BL/6 7-week-old @entity19 . Animals were fed a @entity165 -free isoproteic semi-purified diet containing 20% of casein (control diet) or 10% of casein plus 10% of gelatin (gel diet) for 8 weeks. In wild type @entity19 , dietary gelatin caused a reduction in the serum @entity1674 levels associated with an increase in the fecal excretion. No difference in blood @entity165 was seen at the sixth week of experiment. At the eighth week of experiment, there was a modest but significant reduction of serum total and high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 in @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 fed on gel diet compared to the control. Total @entity165 /HDL @entity165 ratio was 2-fold higher in the gel group than that seen in the control group (14.39 and 7.84, respectively). Histological analyzes showed a 2.2-fold increase in the dimension of the @entity731 in the proximal aorta in @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 fed on a gel diet compared to those fed on a control diet. The gel diet also promoted a reduction in the fecal excretion of @entity3645 . Hepatic @entity165 was similar in both groups. In conclusion, although gelatin reduced total serum @entity165 , this reduction was associated to a decrease of HDL @entity165 and consequent increase of total @entity165 /HDL @entity165 ratio, resulting in an acceleration of atherogenesis.

title: Gelatin intake increases the XXXX formation in @entity6970 knock out @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerols']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1856 :: (MESH:D058226,Disease) :: ['atheroma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extensive use of non-replenishable @entity1391 reserves as @entity1391 supplements in agriculture and animal feed poses a threat for environmental pollution and necessitated a search for alternative @entity1391 sources. Unlocking the phytate @entity3151 using microbial phytase can provide an ecofriendly solution in agriculture. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of phytase from @entity11150 NCIM 563 in degradation of phytate @entity3151 to benefit plant nutrition and soil amendment in comparison with chemical fertilizers. RESULTS: An enzyme dose of 12 IU was sufficient to hydrolyze phytate and increase assimilation of @entity3151 by about 74%. Phytase supplementation leads to increase in shoot:total length ratio by about 200%, indicating its growth-promoting effect. Consistency in phytase-induced growth was reflected at pot and tray levels, wherein shoot:total length ratio was observed to be 2.01 and 2.12 respectively. Mineral assimilation due to phytase was more efficient as compared to chemical fertilizers, thus overcoming the constraints of practicability and economics in the agriculture industry. Phytase was efficient in reducing the @entity10102 content of soil by about 30% while simultaneously increasing the phytate @entity1391 availability by 1.18-fold. CONCLUSION: Phytase from A. @entity3456 showed improvement in phytate @entity3151 and mineral availability. Besides a plant growth-promoting effect, reduction in use of chemical fertilizers and soil improvement could be achieved simultaneously for maintaining the sustainability of agriculture.

title: Effect of phytase from XXXX on plant growth and mineral assimilation in wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.) and its potential for use as a soil amendment.

entities_list: @entity11150 :: ('5061', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus niger']

entities_list: @entity10102 :: ('MESH:D010833', 'Chemical') :: ['phytic acid']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity11150 :: (5061,Species) :: ['Aspergillus niger']


abstract: @entity130 to the forelimb-representation area of the sensorimotor cortex (FL-SMC) in adult @entity35 results in use-dependent proliferation of dendritic processes, followed by partial pruning, of layer V pyramidal neurons of the contralateral homotopic cortex. In development, 'exuberant' growth of neurons is often followed by pruning, a process that has been associated with a glutamatergic- @entity143 receptor mechanism. A related mechanism may play a role in injury-related pruning of dendrites in adults. The @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor antagonist @entity3390 , administered throughout the pruning phase to adult animals with FL-SMC lesions, prevents dendritic pruning and disrupts behavioral recovery. @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) also acts as an @entity143 receptor antagonist. It has been shown to reduce @entity143 -active ion currents, inhibit @entity143 -evoked electrophysiological responses, and decrease @entity2227 -binding in the hippocampus and cortex. @entity167 also affects neuromorphology in the developing and adult cerebellum, hippocampus, and cortex. @entity1068 's involvement with @entity143 receptor function and its influence on dendritic morphology led us to examine its effect on dendritic pruning and behavioral recovery following unilateral FL-SMC lesions. Lesioned animals were exposed to moderate doses of @entity1068 in a liquid diet only during the period of dendritic pruning. As with @entity3390 , @entity167 prevented pruning and reinstated chronic behavioral asymmetries.

title: XXXX consumption following recovery from unilateral damage to the forelimb area of the sensorimotor cortex: reinstatement of deficits and prevention of dendritic pruning.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Unilateral injury']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['Ethanol']


abstract: We performed a phase II study to test the efficacy and feasibility of induction therapy with @entity1891 , @entity632 and @entity619 (VAD) and intermediate-dose melphalan, 70 mg/m2 (IDM), to autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation in newly diagnosed @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ). A total of 77 @entity1 received two cycles of VAD (n = 62) and/or two cycles of i.v. IDM 70 mg/m2 (n = 15) combined with @entity1261 . PBSC were harvested after the first IDM, successfully in 87% of @entity1 . @entity1 with a response to induction received myeloablative therapy with PBSCT (n = 50) followed by IFN maintenance or allo-BMT (n = 11). Seventy-two per cent of @entity1 achieved a response after VAD which increased to 85% after IDM. Of @entity1 who received PBSCT and allo-BMT, 24% and 45% achieved CR, respectively. @entity137 of induction consisted mainly of @entity236 after IDM (median 8 days) with prolonged @entity3894 in 11% of @entity1 after the second IDM. Only six infections WHO grade 3 occurred during induction. Treatment-related mortality of PBSCT and allo-BMT was 6% and 18%, respectively. Median time of follow-up is 44 months, and 50% of @entity1 after PBSCT and 60% of @entity1 after allo-BMT are still in remission. Survival rates of all @entity1 were 82%, 75% and 63%, and for transplanted @entity1 86%, 79% and 68% after 12, 24 and 36 months. Well known prognostic factors, including alpha-IFN maintenance after PBSCT, were not significant for response or survival although @entity1 in CR after allo-BMT had a strong tendency for better outcome. VAD/IDM is an effective and safe induction therapy for autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Based on these observations a phase III trial was started in October 1995 comparing IFN maintenance with PBSCT and allo-BMT after response to induction with VAD and IDM.

title: Induction therapy with @entity1891 , XXXX , @entity619 (VAD) and intermediate-dose melphalan (IDM) followed by autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation in newly diagnosed @entity1582 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow suppression']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['adriamycin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine risk factors and outcomes for @entity1 with @entity1468 and @entity177 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study from 1995 to 1998 of all @entity1 with @entity177 who were admitted to the obstetric intensive care unit at Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa. A total of 89 @entity1 were identified with @entity1468 defined as blood pressure > or = 160/110 mm Hg and > or = 2+ @entity644 , @entity177 defined as a @entity1011 level of > or = 1.13 mg/dL, and @entity1458 defined as < 100 mL urine produced in 4 hours; 72 charts were available for analysis. A comparison was made between the 3 groups, which were defined by the maximum recorded @entity1011 levels. RESULTS: Of the 72 @entity1 , 31 @entity1 (43%) were primiparous and 41 (57%) were multiparous. Median gestation at delivery was 32 weeks (range, 21-40 weeks). The median maximum @entity1011 was 3.85 mg/dL (range, 1.13-12.50 mg/dL). Twelve @entity1 (16%) had a history of @entity740 or @entity101 , and 36 @entity1 (50%) had @entity2102 and 23 (32%) abruptio placentae. All @entity1 with severe @entity8 had either abruptio placentae or @entity2142 , elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome. Perinatal mortality was 38% (27/72). However, in this series only 7 @entity1 (10%) required dialysis in the short term and none required long-term dialysis or kidney transplant. There were no maternal deaths. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity1468 and @entity177 were common and perinatal outcome was poor. However, the need for dialysis was infrequent, with only 10% @entity1 requiring transient dialysis, and there were no cases of @entity177 that required dialysis or kidney transplant.

title: Acute renal failure complicating XXXX requiring admission to an obstetric intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2102 :: ('MESH:D017359', 'Disease') :: ['HELLP syndrome']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure, major obstetric complications', 'renal failure', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['severe preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['severe preeclampsia']


abstract: The Multicenter Morphometric Mammary Carcinoma Project is a prospective study on the reproducibility and prognostic value of routine quantitative assessments, especially the mitotic activity index (MAI), the multivariate prognostic index (MPI; a combination of MAI, @entity5 size, and lymph node status), the mean nuclear area, and DNA ploidy assessments in @entity1 with @entity0 . Fourteen pathology laboratories providing routine services to 35 hospitals throughout The Netherlands are participating in this project. In this article, the reproducibility of MAI and MPI assessments is described. Assessment of the MAI was, according to a strict protocol, first performed in the participating laboratories; thereafter, slides were transferred to the coordination center in Amsterdam for quality control. Analysis of the reproducibility of the assessments in 2,469 @entity1 showed correlation coefficients between 0.81 and 0.96 (mean, 0.91) for the MAI and between 0.91 and 0.97 (mean, 0.96) for the MPI. The reproducibility was fairly constant in time, although it showed a slight drop in the middle of the 2-year intake period. A prognostically relevant discrepancy in MPI (caused by differences in MAI) between the original and quality control assessments was found in only 7.2% of the cases. When analyzing the reasons for these discrepancies, a plausible explanation could be found in all cases: bad tissue processing and ignorance of or negligence in following the protocol guidelines for selection of the counting area or in the process of counting were the most important flaws. Since these errors are largely controllable, an even lower discrepancy rate is theoretically achievable. In conclusion, in a routine setting it can be learned, within a reasonable time, to perform mitosis counting in a highly reproducible way if a strict protocol is carefully followed. This opens the way for a wider application of the MAI and MPI in @entity0 @entity1 . Motivation is, however, an important factor to obtain reproducible results, and ongoing quality control is essential to guarantee the reproducibility of the assessments.

title: Reproducibility of mitosis counting in 2,469 XXXX specimens: results from the Multicenter Morphometric Mammary Carcinoma Project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['invasive breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The presence of natural killer cells in the colon mucosa of @entity1 with @entity31 has not been studied, therefore, the study was designed to investigate the densities of cells expressing CD3+, @entity404 +, @entity405 +, @entity2940 + and the new @entity9706 + in colon mucosa of active and inactive @entity31 @entity1 . METHODOLOGY: Twenty @entity31 @entity1 , 10 with active disease and 10 with inactive disease, and 10 subjects with a histologically normal rectal mucosa were used as @entity1 and controls. Additionally, a subgroup of 6 @entity1 with active @entity4272 has been studied. Two biopsy specimens from rectal mucosa were taken for all @entity1 and controls. Two biopsy specimens of proximal colon mucosa of the subgroup of 6 @entity1 were also taken. One biopsy was processed for immunohistochemical studies and another for histologic study. RESULTS: The densities of CD3+, @entity4071 +, @entity2940 + and @entity9706 + were significantly increased in active @entity31 @entity1 compared to inactive subjects (P < 0.001). The increase in the @entity404 + and @entity405 + was not statistically significant. @entity1 with inactive @entity31 also presented increased numbers of CD3+, @entity2940 + and @entity9706 + cells compared to controls (P < 0.001). In the subgroup of @entity4272 , the densities of cells expressing all the antigens were significantly lower in the normal mucosa compared to the affected colon (P < 0.001). No differences in the number of lamina propria DC1a+ cells between @entity1 and controls were found. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that natural killer cells are increased in active @entity31 subjects and that the affected mucosa of @entity31 @entity1 with inactive disease is in state of "latent" @entity32 . On the other hand, the normal looking mucosa from active @entity31 @entity1 does not differ from the mucosa of control subjects. Therefore, it seems that in @entity31 the immunological alterations are limited to the affected mucosa.

title: Expression of the XXXX ( @entity9706 ) receptor by natural killer (NK) cells in @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['proctitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

answer: @entity9706 :: (3824,Gene) :: ['Kp43']


abstract: A 36-year-old non-pregnant @entity1 presented with a four-month history of progressive @entity227 and @entity2588 . The latest gestation was 6 years earlier. Hormonal study revealed central @entity2010 , @entity4614 , and slightly increased prolactin level. Ophthalmologic examination showed @entity1805 . In the magnetic resonance imaging an intrasellar mass with supra and retrosellar extension was found. The mass showed a polylobular aspect with heterogeneous signal within the tissue. The normal neurohypophysis could not be identified. Pterional craniotomy was performed. The pathological examinations revealed fibrous tissue with heavy inflammatory infiltrate composed of lymphocytes and plasma cells, islands of eosinophilic epithelial cells stained positively for chromogranin, GH, ACTH, and PRL and negatively for antibodies directed against HLA-II antigens. This case of @entity4611 was not related to pregnancy and involved the neurohypophysis. We discuss the features that can help to make a preoperative differential diagnosis.

title: XXXX : report of an unusual case of a rare disorder.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deterioration']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic hypophysitis']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral hemianopsia']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity4611 :: (MESH:D010900,Disease) :: ['Lymphocytic hypophysitis']


abstract: Pili (P) and opacity-associated proteins (Opa) facilitate @entity6368 attachment to @entity1 fallopian tube epithelium. Subsequent effects on invasion are unproven. Computerized image analysis was used to study the effects of attachment factors on invasion by comparing a P+Opa+ variant to a P-Opa- variant of strain R10 in the fallopian tube organ culture model. Gonococci in sections of infected fallopian tube tissue were identified with @entity2823 -labelled monoclonal anti- @entity2954 antibodies. Nomarski DIC microscopy was used to establish anatomic boundaries that excluded extracellular gonococci from invasion measurements. The area of intracellular fluorescence served as an index of @entity2954 . With conservative criteria to exclude extracellular gonococci, the per cent of the intracellular area occupied by fluorescent P+Opa+ gonococci was 18% compared to 4.7% for the P-Opa- variant (P < 0.001). Data suggest that P+Opa+ organisms invaded deeper than P-Opa- microbes over the same time period (P = 0.029). Intra-observer variation in invasion measurements was not significant (P > or = 0.85), and inter-observer correlation was high (correlation coefficient = 0.96). Computerized image analysis is a rapid, reliable means of quantifying @entity2954 of fallopian tube epithelium. We conclude that @entity2954 attachment factors can facilitate events which enhance @entity2954 of fallopian tube epithelium.

title: Effect of attachment factors (pili plus Opa) on @entity6368 invasion of XXXX fallopian tube tissue in vitro: quantitation by computerized image analysis.

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonococcal', 'gonococcal invasion']

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: Remaining @entity154 are seldom found but can result in long-standing recurrent symptoms and repeated surgery. In this single-centre study, we evaluated the laparoscopic approach of excision of the urachus leaving the umbilicus untouched. METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 were operated on for persisting symptomatic @entity154 between 1998 and 2011. @entity1 included 8 males and 13 females (mean 28.5  years, range 15-72  years). @entity1 ' histories, surgical data and demographic data were prospectively collected and analysed. During follow-up, @entity1 were evaluated using the total body image and cosmesis questionnaire (BIQ). RESULTS: Excision of the urachus was carried out in 18 cases in a laparoscopic three-trocar technique and in 3 cases using single-site surgery. In all cases, the infected umbilicus was left untouched. Mean surgical time of all procedures was 55.7  min (31-106  min). Histopathology confirmed an @entity154 in all cases. The former discharging or infected umbilicus healed without any complications. Sixteen @entity1 could be included for the BIQ. Total body image score after surgery was 5.49 with a score of 5.0 being the most satisfactory result possible. The total cosmetic score was 21.37 close to the maximum score of 24. CONCLUSIONS: The laparoscopic treatment of @entity154 using a three-trocar technique or the single-site surgery technique is both safe and effective. In our opinion, the excision of the umbilicus should be avoided. It simplifies the procedure and leads to satisfactory cosmetic results.

title: Improved laparoscopic treatment of symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['urachal anomaly', 'urachal anomalies']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['urachal anomalies']


abstract: It has been suggested that recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) may cause pyschological and @entity146 problems, although the effects of @entity5041 on its own have not been well documented. To evaluate these effects, 17 @entity1 with advanced @entity14 took part in a randomised, parallel group study of @entity5041 with chemotherapy ( @entity1487 and @entity4181 ) versus chemotherapy alone. @entity1 were assessed regularly by means of various psychometric tests including the @entity148 and @entity308 Scale, the Mood Rating Scale, the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Digit Symbol Substitution Test, the @entity2205 -Making Test and the Benton Revised Visual Retention Test. Rigorous discontinuation criteria were applied to ensure that the effect of time-related variables did not influence the results. Compared with @entity1 who were given chemotherapy alone, @entity1 receiving immunochemotherapy reported reduced energy, impaired confidence, higher depressed mood and more @entity911 . Immunochemotherapy was rated as more distressing than chemotherapy alone and @entity1 reported a greater incidence of @entity1277 , @entity353 , poor concentration and fever. Cognitive assessments indicated that @entity75 can be caused by @entity5041 . Compared with the control group, @entity1 receiving immunochemotherapy showed significant impairment on @entity2205 Making Test B and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. One @entity1 developed repeated transient @entity716 episodes associated with @entity5041 infusions and another regularly became confused. These effects were not due to sleep deprivation or pyrexia. Treatment with @entity5041 should not be discarded on psychosocial grounds, although in each case the psychological morbidity and adverse effects on quality of life need to be balanced carefully against potential therapeutic benefits.

title: The psychological and XXXX effects of @entity5041 therapy: a controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Hospital Anxiety']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['appetite impairment']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: SCOPE: @entity14 is an important health problem across the world. Here, we investigated the possible antiproliferative/proapoptotic effects of bromelain (from the pineapple stem Ananas comosus L., family Bromeliaceae) in a @entity1 @entity14 cell line and its potential chemopreventive effect in a @entity19 model of @entity694 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated in @entity1 @entity694 (Caco-2) cells by the @entity665 incorporation assay and @entity522 /7 activity measurement, respectively. @entity3963 ( @entity3963 ) and @entity584 expression were evaluated by Western blot analysis, reactive @entity26 species production by a fluorimetric method. In vivo, bromelain was evaluated using the @entity2985 @entity19 model of @entity694 . Bromelain reduced cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in Caco-2 cells. The effect of bromelain was associated to downregulation of pERK1/2/total, @entity3963 , and pAkt/ @entity584 expression as well as to reduction of reactive @entity26 species production. In vivo, bromelain reduced the development of aberrant crypt foci, @entity1127 , and @entity5 induced by @entity2985 . CONCLUSION: Bromelain exerts antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in @entity14 cells and chemopreventive actions in @entity694 in vivo. Bromelain-containing foods and/or bromelain itself may represent good candidates for @entity14 chemoprevention.

title: The chemopreventive action of bromelain, from pineapple stem (Ananas comosus L.), on XXXX is related to antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects.

entities_list: @entity2985 :: ('MESH:D001397', 'Chemical') :: ['azoxymethane']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3963 :: ('5594', 'Gene') :: ['ERK', 'Extracellular signal-related kinase']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['(3) H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinogenesis', 'colon adenocarcinoma', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon carcinogenesis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) is a noninvasive @entity75 and is considered a precursor to @entity189 . @entity3821 accounts for nearly 20% of newly diagnosed @entity0 , but the lack of experimentally amenable in vivo @entity3821 models hinders the development of treatment strategies. Here, we demonstrate the utility of a @entity19 transplantation model of @entity3821 for chemoprevention studies using selective @entity172 receptor modulators (SERMs). This model consists of a set of serially transplanted lines of @entity74 @entity19 @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ) outgrowth ( @entity5436 -O) tissue that have stable characteristics. We studied the ovarian-hormone-responsiveness of one of the lines with a particular focus on the effects of two related SERMs, @entity440 and @entity32114 . METHODS: The @entity172 receptor (ER) status and @entity43 of the @entity19 @entity5436 outgrowth tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry and @entity43 . The effects of @entity440 and @entity32114 on the growth and tumorigenesis of @entity5436 outgrowth were assessed at 3 and 10 weeks after transplantation. The effects on ER status, cell proliferation, and apoptosis were studied with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The @entity5436 -O was ER-positive and @entity43 resulted in reduced @entity5436 -O growth and @entity5 development. Likewise, @entity440 and @entity32114 treatments decreased the @entity5436 growth and @entity5 incidence in comparison with the control (P < 0.01). Both SERMs significantly decreased cell proliferation. Between the two SERM treatment groups, there were no statistically significant differences in @entity5436 -O size, @entity5 latency, or proliferation rate. In contrast, the @entity32114 treatment significantly increased ER levels while @entity440 significantly decreased them. CONCLUSION: @entity440 and @entity32114 inhibit the growth of @entity75 and the progression to @entity189 in a transplantable @entity19 model of @entity3821 . The inhibitory effects of these two SERMs are similar except for their effects on ER modulation. These differences in ER modulation may suggest different mechanisms of action between the two related SERMs and may portend different long-term outcomes. These data demonstrate the value of this model system for preclinical testing of antiestrogen or other therapies designed to prevent or delay the @entity5 mammary lesions in chemoprevention.

title: Selective XXXX receptor modulators inhibit growth and progression of @entity75 in a @entity19 model of ductal carcinoma in situ.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian ablation', 'ovarian-hormone-dependence']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['Ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity32114 :: ('MESH:C119141', 'Chemical') :: ['ospemifene']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesion', 'premalignant mammary lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant transformation of premalignant']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetically engineered']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['MIN', 'mammary intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: The aim of these experiments was to examine the role of the arcuate nucleus in the control of seasonal cycles of body weight, feed intake, moulting and reproduction in the Siberian hamster. The arcuate nucleus has previously been implicated as a central site where systemic feedback signals (e.g. leptin) might act to regulate feed intake and body weight, so it was predicted that hamsters with lesions of this structure would be unable to display the inhibitory effects of @entity851 on these parameters. In the first series of studies, lesions that destroyed approximately 80% of the cells in the arcuate nucleus were produced by treating hamsters neonatally with @entity5542 ( @entity5542 ; 4 mg/g body weight sc), and vehicle- and @entity5542 -treated males were raised from birth in long days (LD) or @entity851 ( @entity851 ). In hamsters raised in LD, the @entity1017 in body weight and testicular growth were significantly reduced by @entity5542 treatment, however, growth rate and testis weight were still significantly greater than in vehicle- or @entity5542 -treated hamsters raised in @entity851 . In the second study, hamsters treated neonatally with vehicle or @entity5542 were raised in LD for 8 weeks and, subsequently, approximately half in each group were transferred to @entity851 for 18 weeks. As expected, vehicle-treated hamsters showed a characteristic decline in body weight when exposed to @entity851 , while those remaining in LD continued to increase body weight. Feed intake decreased in parallel with the decline in body weight in @entity851 , a complete moult to the white winter pelage occurred by 16 weeks in @entity851 , and testicular regression occurred. Responses to @entity851 also occurred in the @entity5542 -treated hamsters: body weight decreased in @entity851 but increased in their lesioned litter mates remaining in LD, and feed intake paralleled body weight changes in these groups. The moult to winter pelage was significantly retarded in @entity5542 -treated hamsters transferred to @entity851 . The testes were completely regressed in sham- and @entity5542 -treated hamsters exposed to @entity851 , whereas testes weights in @entity5542 -treated hamsters maintained in LD were intermediate between those in vehicle-treated hamsters in @entity851 and LD. Thus, despite initial effects on growth, the @entity5542 -treated hamsters bearing substantial lesions of the arcuate nucleus were able to show appropriate responses to photoperiod, although not always of the same magnitude as the unlesioned controls. We conclude that feedback mechanisms operating via the arcuate nucleus are not the major regulators of seasonal cycles of body weight, feed intake, pelage and reproduction.

title: Seasonal neuroendocrine rhythms in the male Siberian hamster persist after XXXX -induced lesions of the arcuate nucleus in the neonatal period.

entities_list: @entity5542 :: ('CHEBI:64243', 'Chemical') :: ['monosodium glutamate', 'MSG']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'short days']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['initial gain']

answer: @entity5542 :: (CHEBI:64243,Chemical) :: ['monosodium glutamate']


abstract: @entity1 noroviruses are the most common etiologic agent of @entity6766 in the United States. The inability to culture @entity1 noroviruses in the laboratory necessitates the use of surrogate viruses such as @entity19 norovirus (MNV-1) and @entity21063 ) for inactivation studies. In this study, a novel sanitizer of @entity4918 ( @entity37118 ) plus the anionic detergent @entity3208 ( @entity214 ) was evaluated. Viruses were treated with @entity37118 (0.5 to 5%), @entity214 (0.05 to 2%), or combinations of @entity37118 plus @entity214 (1:10 solution of virus to sanitizer). MNV-1 inoculated onto stainless steel also was treated with a 5% @entity37118 plus 2% @entity214 liquid or foaming solution. Log reductions of viruses were determined with a plaque assay. Neither @entity37118 nor @entity214 alone were capable of inactivating MNV-1 or @entity21063 , resulting in a  <=0.51-log reduction of the infectious virus titer. However, the combination of 0.5% @entity37118 plus 0.5% @entity214 inactivated both surrogates by 3 to 4.21 log PFU/ml after 1 min of exposure. Similarly, MNV-1 inoculated onto stainless steel was reduced by >1.50 log PFU/ml after 1 min and by >3.3 log PFU/ml after 5 min of exposure to a liquid or foaming solution of 5% @entity37118 plus 2% @entity214 . The presence of organic matter (up to 10%) in the virus inoculum did not significantly affect sanitizer efficacy. The fact that both of the active sanitizer ingredients are generally recognized as safe to use as food additives by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration further extends its potential in mitigating @entity6766 .

title: Efficacy of a @entity37118 plus XXXX -based sanitizer on inactivation of @entity1 norovirus surrogates.

entities_list: @entity21063 :: ('11978', 'Species') :: ['FCV', 'feline calicivirus (FCV']

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['foodborne illness', 'foodborne disease']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity4918 :: ('CHEBI:64709', 'Chemical') :: ['organic acid']

entities_list: @entity37118 :: ('MESH:C032246', 'Chemical') :: ['levulinic acid']

answer: @entity3208 :: (MESH:D012967,Chemical) :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']


abstract: It is the purpose of this study to investigate the effects of acute @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) on the female @entity35 @entity2339 . The molecular and cellular mechanistic details of such effects have been studied intensively in the male @entity35 . However, there has been relatively little in-depth study of @entity167 's effects on the adult, postpubertal female @entity35 . Adult female @entity35 with confirmed 4- or 5-day estrous cycles were given a single injection of @entity167 or saline between noon and 1:00 PM on proestrous and were killed at 4:00 PM. @entity167 caused a sharp 97% reduction in luteinizing hormone (LH) serum levels (p < 0.001), compared with controls with no concomitant change in LH mRNA. @entity167 also significantly reduced hypothalamic LH releasing hormone ( @entity7438 ) by 49% (p < 0.01), with no change in content of the precursor pro- @entity7438 compared with saline-injected controls. The ratio of @entity7438 to pro- @entity7438 was also significantly reduced by @entity167 (p < 0.05), compared with control. There was no @entity167 -induced change in @entity7438 mRNA. Compared with saline, @entity167 reduced both serum @entity53 by 37% (p < 0.02) and @entity1420 by 47% (p < 0.001). These results show that @entity167 has profound disruptive effects on the female @entity2339 . Our data suggests that @entity167 decreases the releasable @entity7438 pool either by decreasing conversion of pro- @entity7438 to @entity7438 and/or by increasing local @entity7438 degradation. This acutely restricts the release of LH and subsequent @entity53 and @entity1420 secretion.

title: The impact of acute XXXX on reproductive hormone synthesis, processing, and secretion in female @entity35 at proestrous.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis', 'HPG axis']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: Swiss Webster @entity19 were hypophysectomized or sham-operated on Day 11 of pregnancy. The animals were fitted s.c. with osmotic minipumps containing either @entity2819 (B) dissolved in Molecusol (Pharmatec, Alachua, FL) or the vehicle alone immediately after they were hypophysectomized. Animals in some of the experimental groups also received @entity1955 (T4) in their drinking water. The @entity19 were killed on Day 18 of gestation, and mammary tissue was homogenized and extracted for assessment of DNA, RNA, alpha-lactalbumin, and @entity53970 . Serum was assayed for @entity20473 ( @entity20473 ), and @entity17164 ( @entity17164 ), B, and T4. The concentration of @entity17164 in serum was elevated in the hypophysectomized @entity19 , whereas the @entity20473 concentration did not differ among experimental groups. Hypophysectomy decreased both T4 and B concentrations in serum, and administration of these hormones restored their serum concentrations to normal or, in some cases, somewhat higher than normal levels. Hypophysectomy reduced the total RNA content and RNA/DNA ratio of the mammary gland, but treatment with B alone or with B and T4 restored RNA levels to those of sham-operated animals. T4 alone was ineffective in restoring RNA levels. Sham-operated animals that received hormonal treatment (B and T4) had the highest levels of RNA in the mammary tissue. Hypophysectomized animals had reduced content and concentration of alpha-lactalbumin in the mammary gland as compared to all other experimental groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Mammary gland differentiation in hypophysectomized, pregnant @entity19 treated with @entity2819 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['thyroxine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1475 ( @entity1475 ), the most common type of @entity1469 , can be considered as placenta with abnormal chromosome composition with potential of malignant transformation. Few biologic markers can predict subsequent development of persistent @entity1469 ( @entity1469 ) requiring chemotherapy. METHODS: Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) combined with cDNA microarray was used to compare the differential expression pattern of @entity1475 that spontaneously regressed and that subsequently developed metastatic @entity1469 . Tissue-specific chips were constructed from the subtracted cDNA libraries, followed by cDNA microarray analysis. Verification by quantitative RNA analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemical analysis was performed in 23 genotyped complete @entity1475 . RESULTS: Sixteen differentially expressed transcripts were identified. Quantitative RNA analysis confirmed down-regulation of @entity31393 ( @entity31393 ) (P = 0.037) and @entity10116 ( @entity10116 ) (P = 0.037) in @entity1475 that subsequently developed @entity1469 when compared with those @entity1475 that regressed. Immunohistochemical analysis further confirmed reduced @entity10116 protein (P = 0.03) expression in @entity1475 that developed @entity1469 . CONCLUSIONS: Findings showed that reduced expression of genes related to cell invasion and immunosuppression, especially @entity31393 and @entity10116 , were associated with development of @entity1469 , and this finding may provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of @entity1469 . The potential application of @entity31393 and @entity10116 in management of @entity1 with @entity1475 should be explored.

title: Differential expression of @entity10116 and @entity31393 in XXXX : combined cDNA suppression subtractive hybridization and microarray study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31393 :: ('2512', 'Gene') :: ['ferritin light polypeptide', 'FTL']

entities_list: @entity10116 :: ('3484', 'Gene') :: ['IGFBP1', 'insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic diseases', 'gestational trophoblastic neoplasia', 'GTN']

entities_list: @entity1475 :: ('MESH:D006828', 'Disease') :: ['HM', 'Hydatidiform mole']

answer: @entity1469 :: (MESH:D031901,Disease) :: ['gestational trophoblastic neoplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the current status for the association of @entity1118 and @entity308 and to review the evidence for whether @entity308 is an antecedent or consequence of @entity1118 ( @entity1118 ). DESIGN: A computer and manual literature review yielded 191 studies that related to the @entity158 association. These reports were reviewed and sorted into seven categories relating to the topic of this paper. Eighty-three studies were then selected according to inclusion criteria and subjected to a structured review. SETTING: Any medical treatment setting including @entity158 treatment as inclusion criteria for selection of studies. @entity1 : Any @entity1 with any type of @entity1118 . RESULTS: The reviewed studies were consistent in indicating that there is a statistical relationship between @entity1118 and @entity308 . For the relationship between @entity158 and @entity308 , there was greater support for the consequence and scar hypotheses than the antecedent hypothesis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity308 is more common in @entity1118 @entity1 (CPPs) than in healthy controls as a consequence of the presence of @entity1118 . At @entity158 onset, predisposition to @entity308 (the scar hypothesis) may increase the likelihood for the development of @entity308 in some CPPS. Because of difficulties in measuring @entity308 in the presence of @entity1118 , the reviewed studies should be interpreted with caution.

title: XXXX : antecedent or consequence of @entity1118 ? A review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-depression', 'pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['Chronic pain-associated depression']


abstract: Only half the adult male @entity35 which are placed on a diet relatively high in calories, fat, and @entity969 (HE diet) develop diet-induced @entity28 (DIO). The rest are diet-resistant (DR). Some chow-fed @entity35 prone to develop DIO on an HE diet have greater initial food intake of this diet and all have greater @entity413 -induced plasma @entity1063 (NE) increases than DR-prone @entity35 . Here we looked for a relationship of @entity969 preference or 24-hour urinary @entity2922 excretion as possible phenotypic markers of the DIO- and DR-prone states before HE diet exposure as a function of age. When begun on an HE diet at 3 months of age, DIO-prone @entity35 gained 30% more weight over 3 months than DR-prone @entity35 and had 35% heavier retroperitoneal fat pads. While still on chow, @entity969 preferences were similar, but 24 hour urine NE levels were 29% higher in DIO- than in DR-prone @entity35 . The slope of the curve of urine NE versus body @entity1017 after 3 months on HE diet was 4-fold greater in DIO- than in DR-prone @entity35 . After 3 months on the HE diet, there was no statistical relationship between 24-hour urine NE and body weight or prior body @entity1017 in DIO or DR @entity35 . Six-month-old DIO-prone @entity35 had 126% and 128% more urine NE and gained 112% and 232% more weight after 3 months on HE diet than DR-prone and chow-fed @entity35 , respectively. Only DIO-prone @entity35 showed a correlation (r=0.879; p=0.05) between urine NE levels and subsequent @entity1017 on HE diet. Thus, 3- or 6-month-old DIO- and DR-prone @entity35 can be identified by their 24-hour basal urine NE levels but not @entity969 preference prior to HE diet exposure. While this may suggest higher basal sympathetic activity in DIO-prone @entity35 , other explanations are possible.

title: Sympathetic activity, age, @entity969 preference, and diet-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: AIM: To improve a gas chromatography/electron impact ionization mass spectrometry (GC/ @entity15 ) method for determining the concentration of @entity11610 in @entity1 plasma. METHODS: GC/ @entity15 was developed with capillary column. Samples were extracted by liquid phase before derivated. @entity2645 was used as an internal standard. The injector and GC/ @entity15 interface temperatures were set at 280 degrees C and 250 degrees C, respectively. The carrier gas (helium) was 0.8 mL. @entity1009 , and injections were made in the pulse-splitless mode. The @entity15 source and @entity15 Quad temperature were 230 degrees C and 150 degrees C, respectively. RESULTS: The detection limit of plasma @entity11610 was 5 ng. @entity5022 . The assay was linear over the range of 10-10,000 ng. @entity5022 with correlation coefficient of 0.9987. The coefficients of variation were less than 10% for @entity11610 detection at high, medium and low concentration levels (n = 5). The average recovery of the assay was 99.1% +/- 1.3%. CONCLUSION: This assay was sensitive, precise, and accurate for evaluating the clinical pharmacokinetics of @entity11610 .

title: Determination of @entity11610 in XXXX plasma by gas chromatography/electron impact ionization mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity11610 :: ('MESH:D017265', 'Chemical') :: ['procaterol']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['Imipramine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Chewing, swallowing, breathing, and vocalization in mammals require precise coordination of tongue movements with concomitant activities of the mimetic muscles. The neuroanatomic basis for this oro-facial coordination is not yet fully understood. After the stereotaxic microinjection of retrograde and anterograde neuronal tracers ( @entity1885 -dextran, Fluoro-Ruby, Fluoro-Emerald, and Fluoro-Gold) into the @entity2652 of the @entity35 , we report here a direct bilateral projection of hypoglossal internuclear interneurons onto facial motoneurons. We also confirm the existence of a small pool of neurons in the dorsal part of the brainstem reticular formation that project ipsilaterally to both @entity2652 . For precise tracer injections, both motor nuclei were located and identified by the electrical antidromic activation of their constituent motoneurons. Injections of retrograde tracers into the facial nucleus consistently labeled neurons in the hypoglossal nucleus. These neurons prevalently lay in the ipsilateral side, were small in size, and, like classic intrinsic hypoglossal local-circuit interneurons, had several thin dendrites. Reverse experiments - injections of anterograde tracers into the hypoglossal nucleus - labeled fine varicose nerve fiber terminals in the facial nucleus. These fiber terminals were concentrated in the intermediate subdivision of the facial nucleus, with a strong ipsilateral prevalence. Double injections of different tracers into the facial and the hypoglossal nuclei revealed a small, but constant, number of double-labeled neurons located predominantly ipsilateral in the caudal brainstem reticular formation. Hypoglossal internuclear interneurons projecting to the facial nucleus, as well as those neurons of the parvocellular reticular formation that project to both @entity2652 , could be involved in oro-facial coordination.

title: Hypoglossal and reticular interneurons involved in oro-facial coordination in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial and hypoglossal nuclei']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']