abstract: OBJECTIVES: The authors reviewed records of @entity1 with advanced @entity5 treated with @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ) and hyperfractionated @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) or chemoradiation (CRT) to determine the rates of organ preservation and function. METHODS: A total of 29 @entity1 with stage III (45%) and stage IV (55%) @entity957 ( @entity957 ), were treated with @entity7730 and @entity1161 or CRT in 1 of 7 consecutive trials. Fifty-five percent had clinically node-positive disease. Fifty-five percent and 45% had T3 or T4 @entity5 , respectively. All received 3 cycles of @entity902 -based @entity7730 . Daily @entity1161 was given to 48%, twice-daily @entity1161 to 45%, and concomitant boost @entity1161 to 7%. CRT was @entity3003 (28%) or @entity1205 (28%). Those treated with twice-daily @entity1161 did not receive CRT. RESULTS: The median follow-up is 52 months. Overall survival is 66%. Relapse occurred in 12 @entity1 (41%), and 6 underwent salvage laryngectomy (5 stage III, 1 stage IV). Fifty-nine percent of @entity1 (17 of 29) are alive at last follow-up with an anatomically intact larynx, and 48% (14 of 29) are alive with a functional larynx. Of the 23 @entity1 for whom detailed information on gastrostomy tube (g-tube) placement/removal was available, median time with g-tube was 12 months, and 15 of 23 @entity1 (65%) had a g-tube for 6 months or more. Twenty-three of all 29 @entity1 (79%) retained an anatomically intact larynx, but 7 of 23 (30%) never resumed their pretreatment organ function. The overall rate of functional organ preservation, regardless of survival, was 55% (16/29). The 7 of 29 @entity1 (26%) who retained a nonfunctional larynx required permanent g-tube or were unable to return to pretreatment oral intake capability. Nine of 13 with T4 @entity957 (69%) compared with 7 of 16 (44%) T3 @entity957 retained a functional larynx. CONCLUSION: The rate of larynx preservation is high, but @entity137 remains significant with @entity7730 followed by hyperfractionated @entity1161 or CRT in advanced @entity5 . Half of all @entity1 were alive, able to retain their larynx, and return to pretreatment function. Advanced stage was not an indicator of poor outcome.

title: Organ preservation and treatment @entity137 with @entity7730 followed by @entity1161 or chemoradiation for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCCL', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['IC', 'induction chemotherapy']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['laryngeal cancer']


abstract: Spindle cell (sarcomatoid) @entity0 is a rare variant of @entity0 that has been classified under the broad @entity189 . Because the term " @entity189 " comprises a heterogeneous group of @entity5 , it has been difficult to reliably predict biologic potential or to determine optimal therapy. To better characterize the spindle cell subset of metaplastic @entity0 , we reviewed 29 cases. All @entity1 were adult females ranging from 40 to 96 years of age (median, 68 years). @entity5 size ranged from 1.5 to 15 cm (median, 4 cm). Treatment was by excision and/or mastectomy with axillary node evaluation in most cases, often combined with postoperative radiation and/or chemotherapy. All cases were clinically of breast origin, showed >or=80% spindled/sarcomatoid morphology, and demonstrated keratin positivity and/or close association with @entity513 in situ. Immunohistochemical studies showed evidence suggesting myoepithelial differentiation as exhibited by immunoreactivity for smooth muscle actin, @entity6881 , and @entity4206 in a subset of cases (39%). Twenty-seven cases exhibited pure spindled or sarcomatoid morphology of variable appearance and nuclear grade, whereas 2 contained high-grade @entity513 comprising <or=20% of the @entity5 mass. Two cases exhibited heterologous elements (1 @entity980 and 1 with both @entity511 and @entity421 ) and 4 were associated with @entity513 in situ. Follow-up data were available on 24 of 29 @entity1 (range, 1-120 months; median, 20 months). Of 20 cases in which axillary nodes were biopsied, definitive nodal @entity3 were identified in only 1 (5%), and this was in a case with a significant component of @entity513 . Three @entity1 developed local recurrences. Extranodal @entity3 occurred in 11 of 24 @entity1 (46%), most commonly to the lungs. Ten of 24 @entity1 (42%) died of disease at a median interval of 11.5 months (range, 1-46 months) and 3 @entity1 were alive with metastatic disease. Eight @entity1 were alive with no evidence of recurrent or metastatic disease (median, 29.5 months). Based on this series, spindle cell/sarcomatoid @entity0 is a highly aggressive @entity5 with a high rate of extranodal @entity3 . Purely spindled/sarcomatoid @entity5 have a significantly lower rate of nodal @entity3 than conventional ductal and lobular @entity0 .

title: Spindle cell (sarcomatoid) XXXX : a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 29 cases.

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the breast', 'breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rubric of metaplastic carcinoma', 'metaplastic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma', 'invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the breast']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the risk of @entity2208 in relation to maternal pre-pregnant underweight. METHODS: The study was designed as a cohort study within the framework of the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC). The @entity1 were a total of 23 821 @entity1 recruited consecutively to the DNBC from October 1, 1997 to March 31, 1999 and interviewed subsequently. The pregnant @entity1 were recruited in first half of pregnancy and interviewed about pre-pregnant body size, obstetric history, exposures in pregnancy, and socio-demographic factors. Pregnancies were followed-up regarding @entity2208 . Relative risk of @entity2208 was calculated as Hazard Ratios using Cox regression with delayed entry. RESULTS: The outcome measure was @entity2208 . The hazard ratio for @entity2208 in @entity1 with a pre-pregnant body mass index (BMI) below 18.5 was 1.24 (95% confidence limits 0.95-1.63) compared to @entity1 with pre-pregnant BMI 18.5-24.9. @entity1 with a BMI of 25 or more had a smaller increase in risk of @entity2208 . Adjustment for maternal age, parity, previous miscarriages, and lifestyle factors did not affect the estimates substantially, neither did exclusion of @entity1 with @entity209 . CONCLUSION: These results indicate that pre-pregnant underweight may affect the risk of @entity2208 negatively.

title: Maternal underweight and the risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic or eating disorders']

answer: @entity2208 :: (MESH:D000022,Disease) :: ['spontaneous abortion']


abstract: GTPases of the @entity18588 subfamily, i.e. @entity18588 , Rac and @entity31139 , are molecular switches in various signaling pathways. Best characterized are their functions in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. In neuronal cell lines they are involved in the mechanisms leading to synapse formation and plasticity. It is still unknown whether they have respective functions in the @entity1 CNS. In this case, they should be present in the adult brain, especially in areas known for their synaptic remodeling. We have studied the expression of the @entity18588 GTPases in adult @entity35 brain with in situ hybridization and Western blot analysis. High amounts of @entity20757 , @entity54574 , @entity23415 and @entity31139 mRNAs were detected in neurons of the hippocampus, i.e. in pyramidal cells of the CA1-CA4 regions as well as in granule cells of the dentate gyrus and in hilar cells. Also in cerebellum, Purkinje and granular cells expressed the four mRNAs. Strong gene expression was also found in brainstem, thalamus and neocortex. Using Western blot analysis, @entity20757 and @entity31139 proteins were detected in hippocampus, cerebellum, thalamus and neocortex. It is concluded that GTPases of the @entity18588 family play a role in the regulation of cellular functions in the adult brain.

title: Gene expression of the small GTP-binding proteins XXXX , @entity54574 , @entity23415 , and @entity31139 in adult @entity35 brain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity20757 :: (117273(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['RhoA']


abstract: To document regional structural and cellular proliferation changes in the developing @entity19 colon, tissues from fetal, suckling, and weanling @entity19 were analyzed by light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ), @entity665 incorporation studies, and radioautography. The proximal and distal colon were studied independently at all ages. At 17-18 days of gestation, the @entity19 proximal colonic mucosa was projected into high and low longitudinal folds disposed in a V-shaped pattern. From birth up to 9 days, the mucosal folds observed by @entity4653 can easily be misinterpreted as being a succession of high and low villus-like structures at LM level. TEM study confirmed the presence of highly specialized absorptive cells in the upper halves of the mucosal folds during this period. No recognizable crypts were noted at birth. Instead, LM and radioautography showed the presence of cell aggregates developing at the base of the epithelium at all levels of the mucosal folds. These cell aggregates evolved into rudimentary crypts giving fully differentiated crypts by day 16 with radiolabeled cells located in the midcrypt portion. As opposed to the proximal segment, a flat mucosa interspersed with well defined short crypts at birth was observed in the distal colon. During the following days, crypts further developed and by 16 days, the radiolabeled epithelial cells were still exclusively located at the base of the crypt. TEM observations illustrated that specialized cells as those found in the proximal segment did not differentiate in this segment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Morphological changes and cellular proliferation in XXXX colon during fetal and postnatal development.

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity1 intestinal lamina propria mononuclear cells have been shown to mediate mitogen-induced cellular @entity137 , antibody-dependent cellular @entity137 , and lymphokine activated killer cell function. However, although natural killer cells have been demonstrated in the gut mucosa of rodents, recent reports found little or no spontaneous cytotoxic activity in the lamina propria of the @entity1 gut. Using the natural killer cell-related monoclonal antibody NKH-1, which has not previously been applied to studies of mucosal killer cell function, we have shown by immunofluorescence that 2%-3% of enzymatically dispersed lamina propria lymphocytes are NKH-1+. A "panning" technique was then used to enrich for the NKH-1+ cells. Panned cells were consistently greater than or equal to 80% NKH-1+ by indirect immunofluorescence. Unlike their counterparts in the peripheral blood, the mucosal NKH-1+ cells were Leu-11-. Although unseparated lamina propria lymphocytes failed to exhibit natural killer activity against K562 targets in 4-h chromium release assays at effector to target ratios of up to 100:1, the NKH-1+ cells were cytolytically active at ratios of less than 5:1. Mucosal lymphocytes depleted of natural killer cells (NKH-1-) exhibited cytotoxic activity when cultured for 72 h with @entity1199 . The precursors of the lymphokine culture activated phenomenon were NKH-1-, Leu-11-, T4-, T3-, T11+, and T8+. Although lamina propria T3+ cells did not exhibit spontaneous or culture activated @entity137 , they were shown to exhibit nonspecific anti-CD3 (anti-T3)-induced @entity784 . In conclusion, functional natural killer and lymphokine activated killer cells are both present in the @entity1 gut mucosa and represent distinct populations of cytotoxic cells. In addition, anti-CD3-induced @entity137 is a feature of @entity33 cells. These mucosal killer cell subsets differ phenotypically from those previously described in the peripheral blood.

title: XXXX mucosal cytotoxic effector cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal T']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: A 52-year-old @entity1 with mitochondorial @entity17903 was scheduled for renal transplantation from a living donor. He had some characteristic features including @entity425 , @entity2319 , @entity6447 , @entity6 meritus and @entity177 . Anesthesia was induced with bolus infusion of @entity1875 1 mg x kg(-1) and continuous infusion of @entity1937 at 0.15 microg x kg(-1) x @entity1009 ) was started. After supporting ventilation for three minutes, the @entity825 was intubated without any muscle relaxant. Anesthesia was maintained with @entity2614 (0.4-1.0%), air and @entity26 (33-50%) and with continuous infusion of 0.1-0.15 microg x kg(-1) x @entity1009 ) of @entity1937 without any muscle relaxant. The circulatory status was maintained with 1-5 microg x kg(-1) x @entity1009 ) of @entity935 depending on changes of CVP and BP. At the conclusion of the operation, @entity1576 lasted for about 25 minutes. After administration of @entity1510 40 microg to antagonize the action of @entity1937 , the @entity1 recovered fully from the @entity1576 . The urine output was depressed initially after implantation of donor's kidney, but gradually increased to a usual recovery pattern. This case suggests that careful administration of @entity1937 is mandatory in a @entity1 with mitochondorial @entity17903 which enhances @entity1576 from opioids.

title: [Anesthetic management of a XXXX with @entity17903 for renal transplantation].

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity17903 :: ('MESH:D017237', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although numerous studies have shown that @entity1104 is the best initial treatment for @entity4923 offering 59-95% of success, fewer information is available on the long-term outcome in the subgroup of @entity1 harboring ACTH-secreting macroadenomas. The aims of this study were to analyze our 10-year experience with @entity1104 in @entity699 and to examine whether remission rates were different between micro- and macroadenomas. @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty consecutive @entity1 with proven @entity699 (28 microadenomas, 12 macroadenomas [diameter: 10-25 mm], 3 @entity1 with no visible @entity652 at MRI) underwent @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) assisted by neuronavigation in our center between 1996 and 2007. The diagnosis was made using standard endocrinological criteria including bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) with @entity6192 stimulation in all @entity1 with discordant or equivocal biochemical and radiological testing. Morning serum @entity701 was measured during the first week postoperatively, and a complete endocrine evaluation was made in all @entity1 at 6-8 weeks. Remission at follow-up was defined as a normal postoperative 24-h urinary free @entity701 (UFC) or continued need for glucocorticoid hormone replacement after @entity1104 . RESULTS: Overall, 32/40 @entity1 (80%) were in remission after one or more @entity1104 . Interestingly, a very good remission rate (92%) was observed in the subset of macroadenomas, similar to that found in the group of microadenomas (84%, NS), while no post-surgical remission was observed in the 3 @entity1 with no visible @entity652 at MRI (p<0.01). Of the 8 @entity1 not in remission after repeated @entity1104 surgery, 3 underwent radiation therapy and three had bilateral adrenalectomy, allowing remission of their @entity699 . There was minor morbidity and no death. CONCLUSION: While our overall results are in accordance with other published series, we show here that ACTH-secreting pituitary macroadenomas are usually not associated with a bad outcome, in contrast with @entity1 with no visible @entity652 at preoperative MRI.

title: Outcome of @entity1104 for XXXX : a high remission rate in ACTH-secreting macroadenomas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease", 'hypercortisolism']

entities_list: @entity4923 :: ('MESH:D047748', 'Disease') :: ['Cushing disease']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['transsphenoidal surgery', 'TSS']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intravenous @entity6948 is used as adjuvant during general anesthesia due to its sedative and analgesic effects. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of intravenous @entity6948 on sensory and motor block characteristics, hemodynamic parameters and sedation during @entity510 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this double-blind randomized placebo control study, 60 @entity1 of American Society of Anesthesiologist I and II were randomized into two groups by computer generated table. @entity1 of Group D administered intravenous @entity6948 0.5  g/kg and @entity1 of Group C received similar volume of normal saline, administered after 20 min of @entity510 with 0.5% hyperbaric @entity1341 . The cephalic level of sensory block, total duration of sensory analgesia and motor block were recorded. Sedation scores using Ramsey Sedation Score (RSS) and hemodynamic changes were also assessed. RESULTS: Demographic profile, duration of surgery and cephalic level of sensory block were comparable. The time for two segments regression was 142.35    30.7 min in Group D, longer than Group C (98.54    23.2 min). Duration of sensory blockade was 259.7    46.8 min in the Group D versus 216.4    31.4 min in Group C (P < 0.001). The mean duration of motor blockade showed no statistically significant difference between groups. There was clinically significant decrease in heart rate and blood pressure in @entity1 of Group D. The RSS was higher (arousable sedation) in @entity1 of Group D. No @entity1576 was observed. CONCLUSION: Intravenous @entity6948 in dosage of 0.5  g/kg, administered after 20 min of @entity510 prolonged the duration of sensory and motor blockade with arousable sedation.

title: Prolongation of subarachnoid block by intravenous XXXX for sub umbilical surgical procedures: A prospective control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid block']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine']

answer: @entity6948 :: (MESH:D020927,Chemical) :: ['dexmedetomidine']


abstract: AIM: Obesity is an increasing medical problem with associated disorders such as @entity6 , @entity65 and many others. The chance to develop co-morbidity is related to the body mass index (BMI) (weight in kg divided by height in metres2) and increases exponentially when the BMI is above 40 ( @entity5845 ). Permanently effective treatment of @entity5845 is necessary to prevent the development of co-morbidities and to improve the life expectancy of these @entity1 . To date, surgical intervention is the only treatment that can provide the required long-lasting reduction of the excess weight. DISCUSSION: Two types of surgical intervention are currently used, restrictive (including vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) and adjustable gastric banding) and malabsorptive procedures (gastric bypass, biliopancreatic diversion (BPD)). These interventions effectively reduce weight, with on average a permanent reduction of the excess weight by 60% after gastric restrictive procedures. However, long-term follow-up has shown that up to 30-40% of @entity1 require additional surgical interventions to maintain the acquired @entity353 . Long-term failures are dependent on the primary intervention. After VBG the most common problems are occlusion of the outlet by a foreign body, vertical staple line disruption, band @entity850 and band erosion. For the adjustable @entity1346 gastric band outlet problems similar to the @entity2372 and particularly pouch dilation or slippage have been reported. Failure of the gastric bypass are mainly due to @entity850 of the gastro-jejunostomy and stoma @entity1066 , whereas BPD mainly has metabolic long-term complications. CONCLUSION: The gastroenterologist has an important role in the diagnosis ( @entity850 , band erosion, staple line disruption, foreign body) and treatment (dilatation, removal of foreign body) of the complications associated with surgical procedures for @entity5845 . In light of the increasing number of procedures performed, a basic knowledge of the currently used techniques and the associated complications is important.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX : role of the gastroenterologist.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['VBG, band erosion']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['morbid obesity']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stoma stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disorders']

answer: @entity5845 :: (MESH:D009767,Disease) :: ['morbid obesity']


abstract: PURPOSE: Uncontrolled local growth is the cause of @entity204 in     30% of @entity1 with unresectable @entity788 . The addition of standard-dose radiotherapy to @entity136 has been shown to confer a modest survival benefit in this population. Radiation dose escalation with three-dimensional planning is not feasible, but high-dose intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has been shown to improve local control. Still, dose-escalation remains limited by @entity344 . In this study, the authors investigate the potential use of double scattering (DS) and @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) proton therapy in limiting dose to critical organs at risk. METHODS: The authors compared DS, @entity4653 , and IMRT plans in 13 @entity1 with unresectable @entity5 of the pancreatic head, paying particular attention to duodenum, small intestine, stomach, liver, kidney, and cord constraints in addition to target volume coverage. All plans were calculated to 5500 cGy in 25 fractions with equivalent constraints and normalized to prescription dose. All statistics were by two-tailed paired t-test. RESULTS: Both DS and @entity4653 decreased stomach, duodenum, and small bowel dose in low-dose regions compared to IMRT (p < 0.01). However, protons yielded increased doses in the mid to high dose regions (e.g., 23.6-53.8 and 34.9-52.4 Gy for duodenum using DS and @entity4653 , respectively; p < 0.05). Protons also increased generalized equivalent uniform dose to duodenum and stomach, however these differences were small (<5% and 10%, respectively; p < 0.01). Doses to other organs-at-risk were within institutional constraints and placed no obvious limitations on treatment planning. CONCLUSIONS: Proton therapy does not appear to reduce OAR volumes receiving high dose. Protons are able to reduce the treated volume receiving low-intermediate doses, however the clinical significance of this remains to be determined in future investigations.

title: A dosimetric comparison of proton and photon therapy in unresectable XXXX of the head of pancreas.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['pencil beam scanning', 'PBS']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancers']


abstract: @entity9725 (B) is an essential micronutrient for higher plants. There is wide genetic variation in the response to @entity942 among plant species and cultivars. The objective of this study was to identify @entity23398 ( @entity23398 ) that control B efficiency in natural @entity958 accessions. The B efficiency coefficient (BEC) and seed yield under low B conditions (SYLB) were investigated by solution culture in two separate experiments in an @entity958 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. Both of the traits studied exhibited high transgressive variation in the RIL population, and, in total, five and three @entity23398 were identified for BEC and SYLB, respectively. Three of the five @entity23398 , including the @entity23398 , AtBE1-2, that has a large effect on the BEC, were found at the interval of the corresponding @entity23398 for SYLB in both experiments. The close genetic relationship between BEC and SYLB was further confirmed by conditional @entity23398 mapping in the RIL population and unconditional @entity23398 mapping in an AtBE1-2-segregated F(2) population. Epistatic interactions for the tested traits were analysed, and were found to be widespread in the detected @entity23398 of @entity958 in the RIL population. Comparison of the @entity23398 interval for B efficiency with reported B-related genes showed that 10 B-related genes, together with one @entity49747 homolog ( @entity62073 , At1g74810) were located in the @entity23398 region of AtBE1-2. These results suggest that natural variation in B efficiency in @entity958 has a complex molecular basis. They also provide a basis for fine mapping and cloning of the B-efficiency genes, with the ultimate aim of discovering the physiological mechanism of action of the genes.

title: Genetic analysis of the physiological responses to low @entity9725 stress in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity23398 :: ('OMIM:612306', 'Disease') :: ['quantitative trait loci', 'QTL']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['B deficiency']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: 1. Male hooded Lister @entity35 were fed a liquid diet containing 10% absolute @entity1068 for 4-5 weeks. Control @entity35 received the liquid diet in amounts controlled to produce equal weight gain. 2. The @entity35 were tested 7.5 h after withdrawal of @entity1068 and 30 min after i.p. injection with @entity9805 , @entity8685 or @entity1772 or 20 min after i.p. injection with @entity5757 . 3. @entity9805 (25-100 mg/kg) was unable to reverse the anxiogenic responses detected on withdrawal from @entity1068 , but the highest dose did reduce withdrawal @entity400 . 4. @entity8685 (10 mg/kg), @entity5757 (4 mg/kg) and @entity1772 (1.25 mg/kg) significantly reversed the anxiogenic response detected on withdrawal from @entity1068 . 5. These reversals of @entity1068 withdrawal responses are similar to the reversal of the increased @entity148 detected on withdrawal from chronic treatment with @entity1245 . 6. The mechanisms and clinical implications of these drug-induced reversals are discussed.

title: Effects of @entity9805 , @entity8685 , @entity5757 and @entity1772 on the increased XXXX resulting from alcohol withdrawal.

entities_list: @entity9805 :: ('MESH:D009568', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrendipine', 'Nitrendipine']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity8685 :: ('MESH:D002707', 'Chemical') :: ['Chlordiazepoxide', 'chlordiazepoxide']

entities_list: @entity5757 :: ('MESH:D005442', 'Chemical') :: ['flumazenil']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ) is the most common chronic @entity627 among @entity1 , the etiology of which involves a strong genetic component, but much of the underlying genetic determinants still remain unknown. Our aim was to identify novel genetic variants that predispose to @entity4932 . METHODS: We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and replication in a total of 1166 @entity4932 cases and 9500 unrelated controls of European ancestry. Correlation of SNP genotype and gene expression was investigated. Then we conducted targeted resequencing of a candidate locus, among a subset of 480 cases and 480 controls. SUM test was performed to evaluate the association of the identified rare functional variants. RESULTS: The @entity436 locus on 2q22.1 was found to be significantly associated with @entity4932 , peaking at SNP @entity60073 . However, this result is subjected to subpopulation stratification within the subjects of European ancestry. After adjusting for principal components, nominal significant association remained (p   <   10(-4)). Because of its interesting known function in immune regulation, we carried out further analyses to assess its relationship with @entity4932 . Expression of @entity436 was correlated with @entity436 @entity60073 genotypes in lymphoblastoid cell lines (p   =   0.014) and T-cells (p   =   0.0054). In addition, rare non-synonymous and stop-gain sequence variants in @entity436 , putatively damaging for @entity436 function, were significantly enriched in @entity4932 cases (p   =   0.015). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest the association of @entity436 variants with @entity4932 , implicating that this gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity792 . However, because this locus is subjected to population stratification within the subjects of European ancestry, additional replication is still necessary for this locus to be considered a true risk locus for @entity4932 . This cell-surface @entity436 has already been targeted in other diseases and may serve as a tractable therapeutic target for a specific subset of pediatric @entity625 @entity1 with additional replication and functional validation of the locus.

title: Variants in @entity436 associate with juvenile idiopathic XXXX susceptibility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'Juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity436 :: ('7852', 'Gene') :: ['CXCR4', 'chemokine receptor']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: Invasive procedures for treatment of @entity4254 ( @entity4254 ) include percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation (PRT), partial sensory rhizotomy (PSR), and @entity5663 ( @entity5663 ). Using a nationwide discharge registry from The Netherlands, we assessed the frequency of use and @entity1 characteristics, and evaluated treatment failure for each @entity1 undergoing PRT, PSR, or @entity5663 from January 2002 through December 2004. Only @entity1 without a procedure in the year prior were included. Primary outcome was readmission for repeat procedures for @entity4254 or known complications within 1year. Comparability of @entity1 populations was assessed through propensity scores based on hospital, age, sex, and comorbidity. Conditional logistic regression matched on propensity score was used to calculate relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for repeat procedures or complications. During the study period, 672 @entity1 with @entity4254 underwent PRT, 39 underwent PSR, and 87 underwent @entity5663 . Hospital type was the predominant determinant of procedure type; age, sex, and comorbidity were weak predictors. The RR for repeat procedures for PSR was 0.21 (95% CI: 0.07 to 0.65) and for @entity5663 was 0.13 (95% CI: 0.05 to 0.35) compared with PRT ( @entity4736 ). For complications, the RR of PSR was 5.36 (95% CI: 1.46 to 19.64) and of @entity5663 was 4.40 (95% CI: 1.44 to 13.42). Sex, urbanization, and comorbidity did not influence prognosis, but hospital and surgical volume did. In conclusion, although PSR and @entity5663 are associated with a lower risk of repeat procedure than PRT, they seem to be more prone to complications requiring hospital readmission. Microvascular decompression and partial sensory rhizotomy are associated with a lower risk of undergoing a repeat procedure compared with percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation but are more prone to complications requiring readmission to hospital.

title: A nationwide study of three invasive treatments for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['TGN', 'trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity5663 :: ('MESH:D003665', 'Disease') :: ['MVD', 'microvascular decompression']

answer: @entity4254 :: (MESH:D014277,Disease) :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']


abstract: IgG4 responses are considered indicative for long-term or repeated exposure to particular antigens. Therefore, studying IgG4-specific antibody responses against @entity794 might generate new insights into the respective host-pathogen interactions and the microbial virulence factors involved. Using a bead-based flow-cytometry assay, we determined total IgG (IgGt), IgG1 and IgG4 antibody responses to 40 different @entity794 virulence factors in sera from healthy persistent (non) nasal carriers and @entity1 with various staphylococcal infections from three distinct countries. IgGt responses were detected against all tested antigens. These were mostly IgG1 responses. In contrast, IgG4 antibodies were detected to alpha toxin, CHIPS, ETA and B, HlgB, IsdA, LukD, E, F, and S, SCIN, SEC, SSL1, 3, 5 and 9 and TSST-1 only. Large inter- @entity1 variability was observed, and the type of @entity281 or geographical location did not reveal conserved patterns of response. As persistent @entity794 carriers trended towards IgG4 responses to a larger number of antigens than persistent non-carriers, we also investigated sera from @entity1 with @entity2640 ( @entity2640 ), a genetic blistering disease associated with high @entity794 carriage rates. @entity2640 @entity1 responded immunologically to significantly more antigens than non-carriers and trended towards even more responses than carriers. Altogether, we conclude that the IgG4 responses against a restricted panel of staphylococcal antigens consisting primarily of immune modulators and particular toxins indicate important roles for these virulence factors in staphylococcal pathogen-host interactions, such as @entity4092 .

title: IgG4 subclass-specific responses to XXXX aureus antigens shed new light on host-pathogen interaction.

entities_list: @entity2640 :: ('MESH:D004820', 'Disease') :: ['EB', 'epidermolysis bullosa']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4092 :: ('MESH:D058345', 'Disease') :: ['chronicity of colonization and/or (subclinical) infections']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the results of chemoreduction and focal therapy for @entity995 with determination of factors predictive of the need for treatment with external beam radiotherapy or enucleation. DESIGN: Interventional case series. METHODS: One-hundred three @entity1 with @entity995 (158 eyes with 364 @entity5 ) at the Ocular Oncology Service at Wills Eye Hospital of Thomas Jefferson University in conjunction with the Division of Oncology at @entity1 's Hospital of Philadelphia from June 1994 to August 1999 were enrolled for this prospective clinical trial. The @entity1 received treatment for @entity995 with six planned cycles (one cycle per month) of chemoreduction using @entity1891 , @entity2879 , and @entity3003 combined with focal treatments (cryotherapy, thermotherapy, or plaque radiotherapy). The two main outcome measures after chemoreduction and focal therapy were the need for external beam radiotherapy and the need for enucleation. The clinical features at the time of @entity1 presentation were analyzed for impact on the main outcome measures using a series of Cox proportional hazards regressions. RESULTS: Using Reese-Ellsworth (RE) staging for @entity995 , there were nine (6%) eyes with group I disease, 26 (16%) eyes with group II disease, 16 (10%) eyes with group III disease, 32 (20%) eyes with group IV disease, and 75 (48%) eyes with group V @entity995 . All eyes showed initial favorable response with @entity5 regression. The median follow-up was 28 months (range, 2-63 months). Failure of chemoreduction and need for treatment with external beam radiotherapy occurred in 25% of eyes at 1 year, 27% at 3 years, and no further increase at 5 years. More specifically, external beam radiotherapy was necessary at 5 years in 10% of RE groups I-IV eyes and 47% of RE group V eyes. Multivariate factors predictive of treatment with external beam radiotherapy included non-Caucasian race, male sex, and RE group V disease. Failure of chemoreduction and the need for treatment with enucleation occurred in 13% eyes at 1 year, 29% at 3 years, and 34% at 5 years. More specifically, enucleation was necessary in 15% of RE groups I-IV eyes at 5 years and in 53% of RE group V at 5 years. Multivariate factors predictive of treatment with enucleation included @entity1 age older than 12 months, single @entity5 in eye, and @entity5 proximity to foveola within 2 mm. Overall, of the 158 eyes, 50% required external beam radiotherapy or enucleation and 50% were successfully managed without these treatments. No @entity1 developed @entity995 metastasis, pinealoblastoma, or second @entity5 over the 5-year follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Chemoreduction offers satisfactory @entity995 control for RE groups I-IV eyes, with treatment failure necessitating additional external beam radiotherapy in only 10% of eyes and enucleation in 15% of eyes at 5-year follow-up. @entity1 with RE group V eyes require external beam radiotherapy in 47% and enucleation in 53% at 5 years.

title: Chemoreduction plus focal therapy for XXXX : factors predictive of need for treatment with external beam radiotherapy or enucleation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION/CONTEXT: A comparative study was carried out to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and side effects of addition of @entity3575 to local anesthetic undergoing surgeries on forearm and elbow. All @entity1 were hemodynamically stable, and there were no serious side effects in any of the @entity1 in both the groups. The difference in the mean duration of @entity1337 between the groups was statistically significant (P<0.01). So we can conclude- Addition of @entity3575 to local anaesthetic in brachial plexus block increases duration of @entity1337 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 were randomly divided into two groups: group I (control) and group II (study). All the @entity1 were subjected to brachial plexus block with supraclavicular approach. After obtaining paraesthesia, drugs were administered as follows: Group I (control): @entity1341 0.5% 20 mL + @entity3303 2% 10 mL + @entity8768 mL Group II (study): @entity1341 0.5% 20 mL + @entity3303 2% 10 mL + @entity3575 1 mL (50 microgm). Observations were noted. All the relevant information was recorded on a pretested, predefined, semi-open pro forma sheet. Regular monitoring of PR, BP and RR, side effects,degree of sedation were recorded. Evaluation of @entity158 and @entity158 relief was done according to @entity158 questionnaire (0- no @entity158 to 5- excruciating @entity158 ). When @entity1 complained of discomforting @entity158 (McGill grade II), parenteral analgesic was prescribed, and the total number of doses in the 24-hour period was noted. RESULTS: The duration of @entity1337 in group II (study) was significantly longer (695  85 min) than those in group I (415  78 min). However, onset time of @entity1337 was prolonged in group 2. We conclude that the addition of @entity3575 to local anesthetics causes an improved success rate of sensory blockade but a delayed onset of @entity1337 , although this may be accounted for by the decreased pH caused by @entity3575 . There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of side effects between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown that the mean duration of @entity1337 is extended if @entity3575 is added to local anesthetics, without increasing the side effects.

title: Effect of addition of XXXX to local anesthetic in brachial plexus block on duration of @entity1337 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lignocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['McGill pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl', 'Fentanyl']

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of @entity99 and describe its epidemiology in an urban population. DESIGN: A retrospective community survey for @entity1087 cases. SETTING: Headquarter town of a tribal district, Bastar, in Madhya Pradesh state, India. METHOD: Trained paramedics surveyed about 51,643 population to detect cases of @entity1087 which occurred in the past one year. Cases were examined to collect clinical and epidemiological data. blood samples were drawn from all cases who had @entity1087 in the past 3 months for testing them for markers of @entity99 . RESULTS: Study estimated the annual incidence of @entity1087 cases as 244 (95% CI 201-287) per 100,000 population. Almost 95% @entity1087 cases occurred in summer and monsoon months. @entity1 from all socio-economic strata were affected. The incidence of @entity1087 was found to be the highest in @entity1 below 15 years of age (3.7 per 1000) which declined significantly with the increase in age (p = 0.0000). The overall incidence in two sexes was not different statistically (p = 0.7). Of 57 cases who had @entity1087 in the past 3 months, 19 (33%) were confirmed as having @entity99 . @entity99 and E combined together contributed 68% (13/19) of acute sporadic cases of @entity99 , whereas @entity1956 , C and D accounted for the remaining 32% of the cases. CONCLUSION: The study found the annual incidence of laboratory supported cases of @entity99 to be 81 (95 CI 57-106) per 100,000 population, which suggests that it is an important public health problem in India. @entity99 was much more prevalent than @entity99 . Etiology of almost two-thirds of @entity1087 cases could not be established which require further community studies.

title: XXXX in urban population of a tribal district in Madhya Pradesh.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'People']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis E', 'viral hepatitis', 'Hepatitis A', 'acute sporadic viral hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Acute sporadic viral hepatitis']


abstract: One hundred and twelve cases of @entity1682 presenting in outpatient and emergency department of Dhulikhel Hospital in Nepal were studied. In this study, it was found that 71% @entity1682 cases were less than 30 years of age group with male to female ratio of 3:1. Fever over 5 days followed by @entity10 and chills were major presenting symptoms. Widal test and blood culture for @entity1680 were positive in 59% and 49% cases respectively. Two third of our study population had total leucocyte count of normal range. The fever clearance time was significantly better with @entity800 compared to @entity2177 (p < 0.05) and @entity2756 compared to @entity2755 (p < 0.05). The release from treatment was significantly shorter with @entity2756 compared to @entity800 , @entity2177 and @entity2755 (p < 0.01). @entity2756 was found to be 100% sensitive to @entity1680 . @entity115 was only 52.1% sensitive to @entity1680 . Early diagnosis and institution of appropriate antibiotic therapy is of paramount importance in the management of @entity1682 @entity1 .

title: XXXX in Dhulikhel hospital, Nepal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['Ceftriaxone', 'ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity1680 :: ('90370', 'Species') :: ['salmonella typhi', 'Salmonella typhi']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['Amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['ofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity1682 :: ('MESH:D014435', 'Disease') :: ['typhoid', 'typhoid fever']

answer: @entity1682 :: (MESH:D014435,Disease) :: ['Typhoid fever']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Injection treatment followed by an anterior neurectomy in @entity1 insufficiently responding to an injection regimen is successful long term in three-quarters of @entity1 with anterior cutaneous @entity2850 (ACNES). The efficacy of secondary surgery, including re-exploration or a posterior neurectomy in @entity1 reporting recurrent @entity158 after initially successful surgery or following an immediately failed anterior neurectomy is unknown. METHODS: A database of ACNES @entity1 receiving surgery between 2004 and 2012 in the SolviM  x institution was analysed. Adult @entity1 with @entity158 after an anterior neurectomy (failures) or with recurrent @entity158 after initially successful surgery (recurrences) were selected. Following a re-exploration or a posterior neurectomy, @entity158 was scored using a @entity158 intensity numeric rating scale (PI-NRS 0-10) and a six-point verbal category rating scale (VRS). Success was defined as a >= 50  % PI-NRS reduction and/or >= 2 point VRS reduction. RESULTS: ACNES @entity1 undergoing an anterior neurectomy (n  =  181) were analysed during the 8-year study period. At follow-up, 51 @entity1 reported unacceptable @entity158 levels following an anterior neurectomy, whereas 20 developed recurrent @entity490 . Of these 71 unsuccessful @entity1 , 41 underwent secondary surgery, including a re-exploration (n  =  10), or a posterior neurectomy (n  =  31). After a 25-month median follow-up, secondary surgical treatment regimens proved successful in 66  % (27/41). @entity1 with recurrent @entity158 did better (14/15) than @entity1 who were immediate failures after the anterior neurectomy (13/26, p  =  0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Secondary surgery including re-explorations and posterior neurectomies are successful in two-thirds of ACNES @entity1 with persistent @entity158 or recurrence of @entity158 after an anterior neurectomy.

title: Surgical Options after a Failed Neurectomy in Anterior XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal wall pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['residual pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['nerve entrapment syndrome']

answer: @entity2850 :: (MESH:D009408,Disease) :: ['Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7663 (MU) disease causes extensive destruction of tissues leaving large ulcers on the body. Management which consisted of surgical excision of the lesions is gradually being replaced with chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE: To study the impact on surgery of prior treatment of @entity14316 with @entity1215 and @entity3639 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, from September 2004 to September 2009. SETTING: Asunafo, Amansie West, Ahafo Ano and Amansie Central districts of Ghana. METHODS: @entity1 who have completed 8 weeks or a minimum of 4 weeks treatment with @entity1215 and @entity3639 but have unhealed lesions were selected for surgery. RESULTS: 132 @entity1 had surgery for @entity14316 ; 51 at Tepa (Ahafo Ano); 36 at Agroyesum (Amansie West); 16 from Jacobu (Amansie Central); 29 from Goaso (Asunafo) districts. Their ages ranged from 4 to 98 years, with mean age of 29.90 years, standard deviation of 20.74. Sites involved were: head and neck 1 (0.74%), upper limb 40 (29.63%), lower limb 92 (68.15%), trunk 2 (1.48%) (N=135). The clinical forms were: papule 1 (0.74%), nodule 2 (1.48%), @entity75 4 (2.96%), @entity4034 2 (1.48%), ulcers 124 (91.85%), contractures 2 (1.48%). 139 surgical procedures were performed: excision 25 (18.11), skin grafting 36 (26.1%), excision and skin grafting 54 (39.1%), debridem net 10 (7.2%), sequestrectomy 2 (1.4%), regrafting 10 (7.2%), release of contractures 2 (1.4%). CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity14316 with @entity1215 and @entity3639 improved the condition and minimised the extent of surgery. Combination of surgery and antibiotics is necessary to prevent the development contractures.

title: Surgical management of XXXX : a four-year experience from four endemic districts in ghana.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['oedematous lesion']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity7663 :: ('1809', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium ulcerans']

answer: @entity14316 :: (MESH:D054312,Disease) :: ['buruli ulcer disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity513 ( @entity513 ) and @entity1137 ( @entity1137 ) are the most frequently occurring histological subtypes of @entity0 , accounting for 80-90% and 10-15% of the total cases, respectively. At the time of diagnosis and surgical resection of the primary @entity5 , most @entity1 do not have clinical signs of @entity3 , but bone micrometastases may already be present. Our aim was to develop a novel preclinical @entity1137 model of spontaneous bone micrometastasis. We used @entity19 @entity0 cells (KEP) that were generated by targeted deletion of @entity3112 and @entity186 in a conditional K14cre; @entity3112 ((F/F) ); @entity186 ((F/F) ) @entity19 model of de novo mammary @entity5 formation. After surgical resection of the growing orthotopically implanted KEP cells, distant @entity3 were formed. In contrast to other orthotopic @entity0 models, KEP cells readily formed skeletal @entity3 with minimal lung involvement. Continuous treatment with @entity17507 (60   mg/kg per day), an orally available @entity641 receptor I kinase inhibitor, increased the @entity5 growth at the primary site and increased the number of distant @entity3 . Furthermore, when @entity17507 treatment was started after surgical resection of the @entity5 , @entity79 was also observed (versus vehicle). Both our in vitro and in vivo data show that @entity17507 treatment reduced @entity641 signalling, inhibited apoptosis, and increased proliferation. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that orthotopic implantation of @entity19 @entity1137 cells represent a new @entity0 model of @entity41 in vivo, which comprises key steps of the metastatic cascade. The @entity5 cells are sensitive to the anti- @entity5 effects of @entity641 . Our in vivo model is ideally suited for functional studies and evaluation of new pharmacological intervention strategies that may target one or more steps along the metastatic cascade of events.    2014 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley _ Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

title: Spontaneous bone @entity3 in a preclinical orthotopic model of @entity1137 ; the effect of pharmacological targeting XXXX receptor I kinase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['invasive lobular carcinoma', 'ILC']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['invasive lobular breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['orthotopic tumour', 'cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['IDC', 'Invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['increased bone colonisation']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity641 :: (21803(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TGFb']


abstract: @entity1562 has been defined as a persistent impairment of contractile function resulting from reduced coronary blood flow that can be partially or completely resolved once coronary perfusion is restored. In fact, recent clinical reports have documented a dramatic improvement in contractile function after relief of chronic @entity63 . To investigate the phenomenon of @entity63 followed by reperfusion, we assessed myocyte morphology, high-energy @entity4613 content, and regional contractile function in @entity235 undergoing (1) 3 hours of @entity1563 (CO) and 3 hours of reflow or (2) 3 hours of total CO followed by reflow, in which myocyte viability was maintained by extensive collateral perfusion during @entity63 (total CO/negligible @entity39 ). Data were compared with findings in a third group of @entity235 with total CO and low collateral blood flow during @entity63 , in which large confluent @entity1188 developed. Endocardial blood flow averaged 30 +/- 6% (p less than 0.01) and 27 +/- 4% (p less than 0.01) of baseline preocclusion values during @entity63 in the groups with subtotal CO and total CO/negligible @entity39 , versus 3 +/- 1% of baseline values in @entity235 with total CO/confluent @entity39 . Both the subtotal CO and total CO/negligible @entity39 groups exhibited only mild-to-moderate reversible @entity130 (assessed by electron microscopy) and had essentially no @entity39 : @entity1188 size was 1 +/- 1% (p less than 0.01) and 4 +/- 2% (p less than 0.01) of the risk region in the subtotal CO and total CO/negligible @entity39 groups, versus 55 +/- 9% of the risk region in the total CO/confluent @entity39 group. Furthermore, myocardial high-energy @entity4613 stores were in part preserved in all @entity235 that underwent @entity63 : endocardial @entity855 ( @entity855 ) content was 55 +/- 11% (p less than 0.01) and 56 +/- 8% (p less than 0.01) versus 11 +/- 2% of baseline values in the subtotal CO, total CO/negligible @entity39 , and total CO/confluent @entity39 groups, respectively. At 3 hours post occlusion, segment shortening averaged +21 +/- 10% of baseline values in @entity235 with subtotal CO, (p less than 0.01 versus both total CO groups), -29 +/- 9% in @entity235 with total CO/negligible @entity39 , and -36 +/- 13% in @entity235 with total CO/confluent @entity39 . Reperfusion after @entity63 produced an acute improvement in contractile function in both the subtotal CO and total CO/negligible @entity39 groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Reperfusion of hibernating @entity1562 : contractile function, high-energy @entity4613 content, and @entity130 after 3 hours of XXXX and 3 hours of reperfusion in the @entity235 model.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'sublethal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['subtotal coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['Hibernating myocardium']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['myocyte injury']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['sublethal ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is widely available in emergency rooms to assess @entity64 @entity1 . To standardize readings and educate new readers, we developed a 3-step e-learning tool based on the test-teach-retest methodology in 2 @entity64 scenarios: @entity432 and "spot sign" in acute @entity1779 . We hypothesized that an e-learning program enhances reading skills in physicians of varying experience. METHODS: We developed an HTML-based program with a teaching segment and 2 matching test segments. Tests were taken before and after the teaching segment; the test size was 40% of the teaching segment size. We assessed diagnostic accuracy and readers' confidence. Results were compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. RESULTS: Four neurologic consultants and four radiologic residents completed the program. The @entity432 teaching segment increased diagnostic accuracy from 42% to 68% (P = .005). The neurologic consultants showed significant progress, with average scores of 50% versus 75% (P = .027). The radiologic residents showed trend with progress, with average scores of 33% versus 60% (P = .081). The entire group detected spot sign correctly 69% before versus 92% after teaching (P = .009) and reported a median self-perceived diagnostic certainty of 50% versus 75% (P = .030). Self-perceived diagnostic certainty revealed no significant increase for @entity432 . CONCLUSIONS: The e-learning program is a useful educational tool for users of varying experience, and it enhances diagnostic confidence.

title: E-learn computed tomographic angiography: a proposed educational tool for computed tomographic angiography in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vascular occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to evaluate QT interval (QTc) and @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ) in severely @entity28 individuals and to determine the effects of biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) and @entity353 after BPD on ventricular repolarization parameters. BACKGROUND: @entity1 with severe @entity28 (SO) have a 50% to 100% increased risk of @entity204 associated with a 1.6-fold increased risk of @entity944 . BPD surgery induces rapid and considerable @entity353 through severe lipid malabsorption, thus achieving long-term weight control. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A total of 85 subjects with SO (age, 42 +/- 12 years; 66 females; mean body weight, 120 +/- 29 kg; BMI, 45 +/- 11 kg/m(2)) of 330 who had a bariatric surgical consultation between January 2001 and July 2002 were enrolled. Inclusion criteria were sinus rhythm, unremarkable 12 leads surface electrocardiogram, no @entity5036 , normal serum electrolyte profile, and no medical therapies exerting known effects on QTc. Exclusion criteria were previous diagnosis of @entity453 , known @entity65 , @entity955 or any other known @entity943 , @entity703 . RESULTS: A total of 86% of @entity1 had QTc >440 ms and/or @entity1162 >60 ms. Subjects with SO showed a mean maximum QTc of 446 +/- 28 ms and a mean @entity1162 of 52 +/- 20 ms. A close correlation was found between QTc and @entity1162 (p < 0.0001; R(2) = 0.33). One month after BPD, mean QTc was 420 ms and remained stable at follow-up; @entity1162 was 32 ms at 1 and 6 months and became 35 ms at 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: Ventricular repolarization abnormalities are significantly increased in subjects with SO. Reduction of @entity854 after BPD is independent of @entity353 and is caused by the 100% reduction of @entity413 plasma shortly after surgery. This effect may be related to surgical interruption of the @entity2270 .

title: Biliopancreatic diversion reduces QT interval and dispersion in severely XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'People']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['entero-insular axis']

entities_list: @entity5036 :: ('OMIM:113900', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular blocks and/or bundle branch blocks']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['QT abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QT-interval dispersion', 'QTd']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['cancer, or renal dysfunction']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity15871 ( @entity15871 ) is an @entity62 caused by @entity942 , a membrane protein implicated in both central and peripheral myelination. We aimed to describe the neuroimaging features of this novel entity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic analysis of @entity1 with unclassified @entity62 admitted to our institutions revealed 10 @entity1 with congenital @entity231 , slowly progressive @entity16 , and diffuse white matter abnormalities on neuroimaging. @entity245 was evident after the first year of life. @entity1897 was demonstrated by neurophysiologic studies in 9 @entity1 . The available neuroimaging studies were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: In all @entity1 , neuroimaging revealed diffuse involvement of the supratentorial white matter associated with preservation of both cortical and deep gray matter structures. @entity62 was detected in all @entity1 ; 7 @entity1 also had evidence of variably extensive areas of increased white matter water content. @entity62 was found in 6 @entity1 . Older @entity1 had evidence of @entity62 and @entity5219 . Proton MR spectroscopy showed variable findings, depending on the stage of the disease. Sural nerve biopsy revealed @entity17 . Mutations in the @entity15872 gene on chromosome 7p15.3, causing complete or severe @entity942 , were demonstrated in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity15871 is characterized by a combined pattern of primary @entity17 and secondary neurodegenerative changes. In the proper clinical setting, recognition of suggestive neuroimaging findings should prompt appropriate genetic investigations.

title: XXXX : neuroimaging features of a novel @entity62 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['hypomyelinated nerve fibers', 'myelin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic impairment']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['Psychomotor developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity15871 :: ('MESH:C567166', 'Disease') :: ['Hypomyelination and congenital cataract', 'HCC']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['Supratentorial white matter hypomyelination', 'white matter bulk loss', 'Deep cerebellar white matter hypomyelination', 'autosomal recessive white matter disease', 'leukoencephalopathies']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of hyccin']

answer: @entity15871 :: (MESH:C567166,Disease) :: ['Hypomyelination and congenital cataract']


abstract: This prospective, blinded, placebo-controlled study was performed to compare the postoperative analgesic efficacy of low-dose intrathecal and epidural @entity1286 with paraspinal muscle infiltration of @entity1341 in lumbar discectomy cases. Eighty ASA I-III adult @entity1 undergoing elective surgery for @entity1798 were enrolled in the study. @entity1 were randomized to four groups by envelopes. Study groups were as follows: group 1 (n = 20), intrathecal @entity1286 0.1 mg; group 2 (n = 20), epidural @entity1286 2 mg; group 3 (n = 20), 30 mL of @entity1341 0.25% paraspinal muscle infiltration; group 4 (n = 20), 30 mL of saline paraspinal muscle infiltration before wound closure. Recorded parameters were time to response to @entity158 assessed at 30 minutes and 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and @entity158 ( @entity158 ). Hemodynamic data, sedation scores, and side effects were also recorded. @entity6882 and naproxen @entity1372 were used for postoperative @entity1337 . Follow-up was performed by a blinded investigator. Mean VAS scores were lower in groups 1 and 2 at 30 minutes (P < 0.05). Mean VAS score of group 2 was lower than that of group 4 at 4 hours postoperatively (P < 0.05). Mean @entity158 scores were lower in groups 1 and 2 at 2, 4, and 6 hours (P < 0.05) and in group 2 at 8 hours compared with the other groups. The number of @entity1 requiring @entity6882 at early postoperative phase (0-6 hours) was less in groups 1 and 2 compared with groups 3 and 4 (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the late postoperative analgesic requirements, after correction for multiple testing. In conclusion, low-dose intrathecal and epidural @entity1286 provide lower @entity282 scores and a reduction in early postoperative analgesic requirement with insignificant side effects compared with paraspinal @entity1341 or saline infiltration.

title: Comparison of low-dose intrathecal and epidural @entity1286 and @entity1341 infiltration for @entity282 control after surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['Meperidine', 'meperidine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Numeric Pain Scale', 'painful and verbal stimuli and postoperative pain', 'NPS']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1798 :: ('MESH:C535531', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc disease']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1798 :: (MESH:C535531,Disease) :: ['lumbar disc disease']


abstract: Osteoarticular changes may occur in up to 23% of the cases with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) and even more frequent with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). Most of the bone and joint @entity158 are due to @entity5 , radiologically obvious as metaphyseal clear stripes, parietal enlargement, periosteal reaction, osteolysis and @entity170 in the long bone. In @entity706 ( @entity706 ) the bone involvement is rarer, usually bone @entity3 identifiable with Tc scintigraphy being the cause. In @entity521 ( @entity521 ) cases, bone @entity3 are commonly associated with @entity5 beyond one year of age. Of the total @entity981 , @entity3052 , @entity706 and @entity521 cases treated in our Oncology Dept, we selected 43 @entity1 with @entity3084 . The sex ratio was 24 @entity1 to 19 @entity1 and the specific malignancy was @entity981 in 25 cases, @entity3052 in 5 cases, @entity706 in 2 cases and @entity521 in 10 cases. The following biological parameters were monitored: type of onset, the localization and nature of the bone affectation, differential diagnosis, and the response to therapy. The presence of the @entity3084 has proved to be of no prognostic significance. The spectrum of clinical manifestations varied from mild @entity158 to severe disability, in 7% of the cases being the unique symptoms. The type of lesion did not rise important differential diagnosis issues, excepting the cases with unique osteolytic lesion or @entity170 , where the rest of the data and the elevated urine @entity17081 helped to establishing the diagnosis. We conclude that the @entity3084 encountered in different @entity5 in @entity1 is a major sources of diagnostic problems, but it is not associated with a significant outcome.

title: [Osteoarticular changes in childhood leukemia, @entity706 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant Lymphomas', 'ML']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal tumor', 'neoplastic infiltration', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3084 :: ('MESH:D014394', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarticular involvement']

entities_list: @entity17081 :: ('MESH:D014642', 'Chemical') :: ['vanilmandelic acid']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['Nbl', 'Neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Malaria continues to be a prominent global public health challenge. This study tested the effectiveness of two service delivery models for reducing the @entity311 burden, e.g. supportive supervision of @entity497 ( @entity497 ) and community mobilization in promoting appropriate health-seeking behaviour for febrile illnesses in Odisha, India. METHODS: The study population comprised 120 villages from two purposively chosen @entity311 -endemic districts, with 40 villages randomly assigned to each of the two treatment arms, one with both supportive supervision and community mobilization and one with community mobilization alone, as well as an observational control arm. Outcome measures included changes in the utilization of bed nets and timely care-seeking for @entity221 from a trained provider compared to the control group. Analysis was by intention-to-treat. RESULTS: Significant improvements were observed in the reported utilization of bed nets in both intervention arms (84.5% in arm A and 82.4% in arm B versus 78.6% in the control arm; p < 0.001). While overall rates of treatment-seeking were equal across study arms, treatment-seeking from a @entity497 was higher in both intervention arms (28%; p = 0.005 and 27.6%; p = 0.007) than in the control arm (19.2%). Fever cases were significantly more likely to visit a @entity497 and receive a timely diagnosis of @entity221 in the combined interventions arm than in the control arm (82.1% vs. 67.1%; p = 0.025). Care-seeking from trained providers also increased with a substitution away from untrained providers. Further, @entity221 cases from the combined interventions arm (60.6%; p = 0.004) and the community mobilization arm (59.3%; p = 0.012) were more likely to have received treatment from a skilled provider within 24 hours than @entity221 cases from the control arm (50.1%). In particular, @entity1 from the combined interventions arm were more likely to have received timely treatment from a skilled provider (61.6% vs. 47.2%; p = 0.028). CONCLUSION: A community-based intervention combining the supportive supervision of @entity497 with intensive community mobilization and can be effective in improving care-seeking and preventive behaviour and may be used to strengthen the national @entity311 control programme.

title: Strengthening XXXX service delivery through supportive supervision and community mobilization in an endemic Indian setting: an evaluation of nested delivery models.

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community health workers', 'CHW']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been proposed that the defining difference between @entity309 and @entity5145 (including @entity5144 ) is the initial pathological lesion where the emphasis in @entity5144 is on the enthesis and in @entity309 on the synovium. Classical radiological descriptions of seronegative @entity5145 include @entity627 at major entheseal insertions characterised by erosions and exuberant new bone formation. In this study, the plain radiographic features of @entity5145 are compared between @entity5144 , other @entity5145 and @entity309 . METHODS: The CASPAR study collected clinical, radiological and laboratory data on 588 @entity1 with physician diagnosed @entity5144 and 525 controls with other @entity625 , 70% of which had @entity309 . Plain radiographs of the pelvis and heels were part of the study protocol, although radiographs of other potential entheseal sites such as the knee, elbow and shoulder, were interpreted if available. All radiographs were read blind by two observers working in tandem. RESULTS: Significant differences in entheseal erosion and entheseal new bone formation were found between @entity5144 , @entity1691 , undifferentiated @entity5145 , @entity309 and other diagnoses (entheseal erosion, chi-squared 20.8, p=0.008; entheseal new bone formation, chi-squared 24.5, p=0.001). These differences were mainly due to a higher proportion of these features in @entity1691 . No differences in the plain radiographic features of @entity627 were found between @entity5144 and @entity309 except in the case of entheseal new bone formation at sites of attachment of inguinal ligament, sartorius and rectus femoris muscles to the ilium (OR 3.01, 95% CI 1.13-8.02). Very few subjects with symptomatic heel involvement had radiographic changes and minimal differences were found between those with and without symptoms in terms of new bone formation and erosion at either calcaneal site. CONCLUSIONS: New bone formation and erosion at major entheseal sites is most commonly seen in @entity1691 . Plain radiographic features of @entity627 are poor discriminators between @entity5144 and @entity309 .

title: Sensitivity and specificity of plain radiographic features of peripheral enthesopathy at major sites in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['enthesopathy', 'major enthesopathy']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['spondyloarthropathy', 'spondyloarthropathies']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity5144 :: (MESH:D015535,Disease) :: ['psoriatic arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The main aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of drug-eluting beads with irinotecan (DEBIRI) for liver @entity3 from @entity14 . Secondary aims were to evaluate survival and @entity137 . METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 with @entity3 in <50% of the liver and without extrahepatic involvement were enrolled. Treatment response assessment was performed by multidetector contrast enhancement computed tomography (MDCT) with evaluation of the enhancement pattern of the @entity75 and @entity5 response rates according to modified Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (mRECIST, Version 1.1). All adverse events were recorded by the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, Version 3.0. Associations of @entity5 response and variables were calculated using the chi-squared test. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Comparisons were made using the log-rank test. RESULTS: According to mRECIST, complete response (CR) was observed in 21.8% of @entity1 , partial response (PR) in 13%, @entity66 ( @entity66 ) in 52.2% and @entity74 ( @entity74 ) in 13% of @entity1 . Response rate (RR = CR + PR) was 34.8%. No associations between treatment response and variables such as Dukes' classification, grading and Kras status were found (P>0.05). The median @entity1349 was 37 months (95% CI: 13.881 to 60.119). Cox regression model showed that neither site, Dukes' classification, grading, Kras status nor number of chemotherapy treatments pre-DEBIRI influenced the @entity1349 . The log-rank test showed no statistically significant difference in @entity1349 among @entity1 who underwent 1, 2 or 3 DEBIRI treatments (  (2)=2.831, P=0.09). In our study, the main @entity137 included @entity751 ( @entity751 ), hypertransaminasemia and @entity221 . CONCLUSION: The favorable @entity5 response and the favorable @entity137 profile make DEBIRI treatment a potential third-line therapy. Although further larger studies are needed to confirm these data, we can state that DEBIRI is an attractive emerging treatment in these @entity1 .

title: A pilot study employing hepatic intra-arterial irinotecan injection of drug-eluting beads as salvage therapy in liver metastatic XXXX @entity1 without extrahepatic involvement: the first southern Italy experience.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'stable disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Solid Tumors']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['PES', 'postembolization syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Cytotoxic activity of most chemotherapeutic agents is based on their ability to induce DNA damage. Interstrand crosslinks are among the most detrimental forms of DNA damage as both DNA strands are affected. As translesion polymerases participate in their repair, they may be important for response to chemotherapeutic agents that induce such lesions, including commonly used @entity900 . Altered expression of translesion polymerase genes @entity43153 and @entity47666 may modify sensitivity to @entity900 . As @entity421 @entity1 are commonly treated with @entity900 -based chemotherapy, our aim was to investigate if @entity43153 and @entity47666 polymorphisms influence survival of @entity421 @entity1 treated with @entity900 -based chemotherapy. We determined the genotypes of common functional tag @entity43153 and @entity47666 polymorphisms in 66 @entity421 @entity1 . Cox regression was used for survival analysis. Carriers of at least one polymorphic @entity43153 @entity59049 allele had significantly shorter EFS and overall survival (OS) (p=0.004; HR=3.79; 95%CI=1.53-9.35 and p<0.001; HR=4.44; 95%CI=1.92-10.27, respectively). Combination of @entity43153 @entity59049 and @entity47666 @entity59050 polymorphisms was also significantly associated with @entity1349 (ptrend=0.003). The results of this first study on polymorphisms in translesion polymerase genes in @entity421 suggest they could help predict outcome of @entity900 -based chemotherapy in @entity421 @entity1 .

title: Translesion polymerase genes polymorphisms and haplotypes influence survival of XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['shorter OS (ptrend<0.001) and shorter EFS']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: This study investigates rheological effects of blood on steady flows in a nonplanar distal end-to-side @entity254 . The shear-thinning behavior of blood is depicted by a Carreau-Yasuda model and a modified power-law model. To explore effects of nonplanarity in vessel geometry, a curved bypass graft is considered that connects to the host artery with a 90 deg out-of-plane curvature. Navier-Stokes equations are solved using a finite volume method. Velocity and @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) are compared between Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids at different flow rates. At low flow rate, difference in axial velocity profiles between Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids is significant and secondary flows are weaker for non-Newtonian fluids. At high flow rate, non-Newtonian fluids have bigger peak @entity1642 and @entity1642 gradient. The size of the flow recirculation zone near the toe is smaller for non-Newtonian fluids and the difference is significant at low flow rate. The nonplanar bypass graft introduces helical flow in the host vessel. Results from the study reveal that near the bed, heel, and toe of the anastomotic junction where intimal @entity1373 occurs preferentially, @entity1642 gradients are all very big. At high flow rates, @entity1642 gradients are elevated by the non-Newtonian effect of blood but they are reduced at low flow rates. At these locations, blood rheology not only affects the @entity1642 and its gradient but also secondary flow patterns and the size of flow recirculation near the toe. This study reemphasizes that the rheological property of blood is a key factor in studying hemodynamic effects on @entity455 .

title: Rheological effects of blood in a nonplanar distal end-to-side XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['WSS', 'wall shear stress']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare new onset dyslipidaemia in live-related renal transplant recipients taking @entity205 versus @entity1140 after 3 months of therapy. METHODS: The randomised controlled trial was conducted at the Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT) Karachi, from September 2010 to April 2011, and included 182 End Stage @entity8 @entity1 on maintenance haemodialysis with pre-transplant normal lipid profile. The @entity1 , who had live-related renal transplant, were randomly allocated to two equal groups using lottery. Group A received @entity205 (3 mg/kg) and group B was treated with @entity1140 (0.1 mg/kg). All @entity1 had pre-transplant fasting lipid profile checked when they were on maintenance haemodialysis and 3 months after renal transplantation. Serum fasting lipid profile was collected by taking 5 ml blood by venipuncture after an overnight fast of 9-12 hours. SPSS 10 was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: Of the 182 @entity1 , 144 (79.1%) were males and 38 (20.9%) were females. The overall mean age was 30.18 +/- 9.57 years, and the mean weight was 54.41 +/- 11.144 kg. Significant difference was not observed between the two groups regarding age and weight of the @entity1 . Dyslipidaemia was found in 115(63.2%) subjects; 61(67%) in group A and 54 (59.3%) in group B. There was no statistical difference (p=0.28) when comparison was done after 3 months of therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of new onset hyperlipidaemia is similar in renal transplant recipients receiving either @entity205 or @entity1140 in first 3 months post-transplant, but there is room for more research in this field as dyslipidaemia following successful renal transplantation is a frequent and persistent complication.

title: Dyslipidaemia among renal transplant recipients: @entity205 versus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: Psychotropic drug-free hospitalized veterans with @entity308 or @entity308 forms of @entity162 were treated with light for 1 week. Twenty-five @entity1 were randomly assigned to bright white light treatment (2000-3000 lux), and 26 @entity1 were randomized to dim red light placebo control treatment. Unlike those treated with dim red light, those treated with bright white light showed declines in three measures of @entity308 during treatment. Partial relapse appeared within 2 days. A global @entity308 score showed a statistically significant (p = 0.02) difference favoring bright white light treatment. Two bright-light-treated @entity1 became mildly hypomanic, but side effects were mild. Improvement was not correlated with @entity1 expectations; indeed, @entity1 expected somewhat greater benefit from the placebo. @entity1 treated in summer responded as well as those treated in winter. Baseline electroencephalogram (EEG) sleep stage data (e.g., rapid eye movement; REM latency) did not predict treatment responses. These 1-week treatment results suggest that bright light might produce benefits for @entity1 with nonseasonal @entity308 . Bright light should not be recommended for routine clinical application before additional assessments with longer treatment durations are done.

title: Controlled trial of bright light for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression', 'nonseasonal major depressive disorders']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['nonseasonal major depressive disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnostic delay results in relatively high mortality among @entity1 with @entity995 in Uganda, where treatment was limited to surgery and, for some, radiotherapy. In order to improve outcomes, a simple programme of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy was introduced. Here we report survival before and after this change to medical practice. METHODS: Affordable standard off-patent chemotherapy agents were administered by trained paramedical staff to groups of @entity1 at the same time. Survival before and after the introduction of chemotherapy was monitored. Between 2006 and 2013 a total of 270 @entity1 with @entity995 were included, 181 treated prior to chemotherapy and 89 after (beginning in 2009). We had 94% follow-up and 249 had histological verification of diagnosis. RESULTS: Using a proportional hazards model adjusted for age, sex and laterality, @entity1 treated after chemotherapy was introduced had a 37% lower risk of dying (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.99) compared with @entity1 treated before. Prior to the introduction of chemotherapy only 15% of @entity1 who survived bilateral disease retained vision after treatment compared with 71% after chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of chemotherapy proved safe and cost-effective in non-specialist hands and was associated with significant improvements in survival and, among bilateral cases, in preserving vision.

title: Improving survival of XXXX in Uganda.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine patterns of mortality for a population with @entity302 compared with the nonepilepsy population. METHODS: The study used cross-sectional record linkage, combining an electronic @entity204 register with an @entity302 @entity1 register constructed from a variety of routine health data sources collected from 1991 to 1997. The study was conducted in Cardiff and the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales, U.K., and included all @entity204 recorded between 1993 and 1996. RESULTS: There were 352 @entity204 for @entity1 with @entity302 , 2.0% of all @entity204 . The crude mortality rates for @entity1 with and without @entity302 were 36.2 and 9.9 per 1,000. The Standardised Mortality Ratio was 2.14 (95% CI, 1.74-2.55) for 1996 @entity204 . The single most common disease group was @entity5 , accounting for 66 (18.8%) of @entity204 for @entity1 with @entity302 (SMR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.11-1.82). Significant excesses were demonstrated for @entity66 , diseases of the digestive system, @entity1576 , and other causes of @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity302 have an increased mortality over the population as a whole. The main causes of @entity204 are those most common in the population as a whole and those that underlie the @entity302 itself.

title: XXXX and mortality: a record linkage study in a U.K. population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epilepsy']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: Is there a correlation between the timing of patellectomy after @entity130 in @entity130 and the clinical outcome? METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 21 @entity1 who had undergone patellectomy after @entity130 . RESULTS: In 12 @entity1 (57.1%) a primary patellectomy was performed within 4 weeks after the @entity174 ; in the remaining 9 (42.9%) @entity1 the procedure was performed after an average of 21 months (range 2-72). Nineteen @entity1 could be followed up after 9.3 years (range 3-18). In 10 of these, patellectomy had been performed primarily. The HSS Knee Score was 68.4 points (range 39-83) on average for all @entity1 . For @entity1 with a primary patellectomy the score was 71 points (range 54-83), while for @entity1 in whom the patellectomy was performed secondarily the score was 63.8 points (range 39-77). The evaluated ROM was 113.6 degrees for all @entity1 ; in the primary group ROM was 122.5 degrees (range 65-145 degrees ), and in the secondary group it was 103 degrees (range 85-145 degrees ). The difference was not statistically significant for either parameter. CONCLUSION: Primary reconstruction of the patella is recommended in multifragmentary @entity174 ; if the outcome is poor, however, patellectomy should be considered early.

title: [Patellectomy after XXXX : is there a correlation between the timing and the clinical outcome].

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'crush injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of our study is evaluation of the risk factors for development of @entity548 among @entity1 operated in Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy in Bia  ystok from 1990 to 2000. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 18 @entity1 with massive @entity548 occurring in association with @entity231 and @entity726 surgery. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity1 with @entity548 was 69.5 years. There were 10 @entity1 (55.6%) and 8 @entity1 (44.4%). In the population of @entity1 in whom the @entity548 occurred @entity101 was present in 5 (27.7%) and @entity6 in 3 (16.6%). 8 @entity1 (44.4%) had reported @entity65 . 7 @entity1 (38.8%) had a history of @entity726 , 6 (33.3%) had @entity1714 . 1 @entity1 had posterior synechiae after @entity1596 . All surgeries, except one, were performed under local anesthesia. There were no associations between @entity548 development and season. CONCLUSION: The results of our study suggest, that the risk factors for the development of massive intraoperative @entity548 are: @entity1714 , @entity726 and systemic @entity65 . A knowledge of these risk factors can help the physician in identifying @entity1 , who are at a greater risk of having massive @entity548 .

title: [The risk factors for massive XXXX in the material of the Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy in Bialystok from 1990 to 2000].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['expulsive hemorrhage', 'suprachoroidal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases', 'atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['high myopia']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['suprachoroidal hemorrhage']