abstract: @entity4770 ( @entity4770 ) and endothelium-derived @entity842 (EDNO) are produced by the arterial and venous endothelium. In addition to their vasodilator action on vascular smooth muscle, both act together to inhibit @entity1423 and promote @entity1423 . EDNO also inhibits platelet adhesion to the endothelium. EDNO and PgI(2) have been shown to be released from the cultured endocardial cells. In this study, we examined the release of vasoactive substances from the intact endocardium by using isolated @entity95 hearts perfused with physiological salt solution (95% @entity3612 /5% @entity3158 , T=37 degrees C). The right and left cardiac chambers were perfused through separate constant-flow perfusion loops (physiological salt solution, 8 ml min(-1)). Effluent from left and right cardiac, separately, was bioassayed on @entity235 coronary artery smooth muscle, which had been contracted with @entity3774 (2 x 10(-6)M) and no change in tension was exhibit. However, addition of @entity460 ionophore @entity3365 (10(-6)M) to the cardiac chambers' perfusion line induced vasodilation of the bioassay coronary ring, 61.4+/-7.4% versus 70.49+/-6.1% of initial @entity3774 contraction for the left and right cardiac chambers perfusate, respectively (mean+/-SEM, n=10, p>0.05). Production of vasodilator was blocked totally in the left heart but, only partially blocked in the right heart by adding @entity3352 (10(-5)M) to the perfusate, respectively, 95.2+/-2.2% versus 41.5+/-4.8% (mean+/-SEM, n=10, p<0.05). @entity9077 , measured in the endocardial superfusion effluent was also higher for the left cardiac chambers than for the right at the time of stimulation with the @entity3365 , respectively, 25385.88+/-5495 pg/ml (n=8) versus 13,132.45+/-1839.82 pg/ml (n=8), (p<0.05). These results showed that cyclooxygenase pathway plays major role in generating vasoactive substances for the left cardiac chamber endocardium; while it is not the main pathway for the right ventricular endocardium at which EDNO and @entity4770 could act together and potentiate their antithrombogenic activities in isolated perfused @entity95 heart. This may be an explanation for the intraventricular @entity715 mostly seen in left ventricle rather than in right ventricle as a complication of @entity583 .

title: Comparisons of the release of vasodilator substances from left and right cardiac chambers of the isolated perfused @entity95 heart: implications for intraventricular XXXX formation.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet disaggregation', 'platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostacyclin', 'PgI(2)']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F(2alpha)', 'prostaglandin F(2alpha_)']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity9077 :: ('MESH:D015121', 'Chemical') :: ['6-Keto prostaglandin F(1alpha)']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombus']


abstract: Age is a major @entity170 , but the elderly are rarely assessed and often remain untreated for this condition. Falls, co-morbidities and co-medications compound the risk of @entity174 in @entity170 . The prevalence of @entity170 is expected to increase with increasing life expectancy, and the associated @entity174 - particularly hip @entity174 - will lead to significant demands on health resources. Treatment of @entity170 can include pharmacological and non-pharmacological intervention. @entity460 and @entity560 dietary supplementation is a relatively low-cost way of reducing the risk of @entity174 . Pharmacological interventions with @entity562 , @entity4381 , or teriparatide have been shown to reduce @entity174 risk in @entity170 @entity1 over the age of 75. @entity4381 has been shown to reduce @entity174 risk in frail @entity1 with @entity173 . In the oldest old ( @entity1 over 80), @entity176 is the first agent with documented anti- @entity174 efficacy for both @entity174 and documented sustained efficacy over 5 years. Falls prevention is an essential component of any strategy for decreasing @entity174 risk in old age. Currently, @entity170 is under-diagnosed and under-treated, but age should not be a barrier to intervention.

title: XXXX and osteoporotic fracture occurrence and prevention in the elderly: a geriatric perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'non-vertebral and vertebral fracture', 'vertebral fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['determinant of osteoporosis', 'senile osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['recent hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity562 :: ('MESH:C073008', 'Chemical') :: ['risedronate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['zoledronic acid', 'Zoledronic acid']

entities_list: @entity176 :: ('MESH:C081587', 'Chemical') :: ['strontium ranelate']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: @entity3866 approval was supported by the positive results of a large multicentric phase III trial (BR.21 study) that included 10% Asiatic @entity1 and the remaining were North-American Caucasian. It is well-known that the efficacy of @entity669 kinase inhibitors is strongly influenced by ethnicity and other genetic factors. It is, therefore, relevant to establish whether the same profile of efficacy is seen in an unselected population and whether the results of BR.21 can be generalized to other @entity1 populations, such as that described here. METHODS: In this retrospective, observational, multicentric study, we assessed effectiveness and potentially response predictive factors in 222 unselected Italian @entity1 , with stage IIIB/IV @entity1149 , with performance status from 0 to 3, who had received at least one line of chemotherapy, treated with the standard dose of @entity3866 (150   mg once daily) until disease progression or unacceptable @entity137 . RESULTS: The disease control rate was 60.9% (135 @entity1 ). Median progression-free survival and overall survival times were 3.1 months and 7.97 months, respectively. The characteristics of non-smoker, female gender, performance status 0 or 1 were associated with a significantly better prognosis in terms of disease control rate and were also predictive of longer overall survival and progression-free survival. The 1-year survival rate was 38.79%. Even though Italian @entity1 baseline characteristics were strongly different to those reported in pivotal BR.21 trial in terms of age, performance status, line treatment and ethnic group, our study confirms the favorable effectiveness profile in real clinical practice of @entity3866 according to results from the pivotal study BR.21. CONCLUSIONS: Today, we know that @entity470 ( @entity470 ) status assessment is mandatory before starting first-line therapy and that the presence of only certain clinical characteristics initially associated with sensitivity to @entity470 - @entity669 kinase inhibitors, as reported in this study, is not sufficient in selecting @entity1 candidates to such treatments.

title: Effectiveness and response predictive factors of XXXX in a @entity1149 unselected European population previously treated: a retrospective, observational, multicentric study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib', 'Erlotinib']

answer: @entity3866 :: (MESH:C400278,Chemical) :: ['erlotinib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) is an @entity792 that is characterized by decreased platelet count. @entity1619 (Treg) cells and T helper type 17 (Th17) cells are two subtypes of @entity404 (+) T helper (Th) cells. They play opposite roles in immune tolerance and @entity792 , while they share a common differentiation pathway. The imbalance of Treg/Th17 has been demonstrated in several @entity792 . In this study, we aimed to investigate the ratio of the number of Treg cells to the number of Th17 cells in @entity3039 @entity1 and evaluate the clinical implications of the alterations in this ratio. METHODS: Thirty adult @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity3039 enrolled in this study. Twelve @entity1 had been clinically followed up for 12 months. The percentages of @entity404 (+)CD25(hi)Foxp3(+) Treg cells and CD3(+) @entity404 (+)IL-17-producing Th17 cells in these @entity1 and healthy controls (n = 17) were longitudinally analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The percentage of Treg cells in @entity3039 @entity1 was significantly lower than that of healthy controls, and the percentage of Th17 cells increased significantly at disease onset. The ratio of Treg/Th17 correlated with the disease activity. CONCLUSION: The ratio of Treg/Th17 might be relevant to the clinical diversity of @entity3039 @entity1 , and this Treg/Th17 ratio might have prognostic role in @entity3039 @entity1 .

title: The ratio of Treg/Th17 cells correlates with the disease activity of primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['Regulatory T']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'immune thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases', 'autoimmune heterogeneous disorder']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['immune thrombocytopenia']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity1276 associated with @entity1645 is a rare entity related to an obstruction in the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the foramen of Magendie. Like all forms of noncommunicating @entity1276 . it can be treated by endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). The object of this study is to report a series of five cases of @entity1276 associated with @entity1645 and to evaluate the use of ETV in the treatment of this @entity154 . METHODS: Five @entity1 (four @entity1 and one @entity1 with a mean age of 29.6 years) underwent ETV for @entity1276 associated with @entity1645 between April 1991 and February 1997. All @entity1 had presented with @entity10 , which in two cases were associated with @entity227 . All @entity1 had also presented with @entity1276 (mean transverse diameter of the third ventricle 12.79 mm; mean sagittal diameter of the fourth ventricle 18.27 mm) with a mean herniation of the cerebellar tonsils at 13.75 mm below the basion-opisthion line. Surgery was performed in all @entity1 by using a rigid endoscope. No complications occurred either during or after the procedure, except in one @entity1 who experienced a wound @entity281 that was treated by antibiotic medications. The mean duration of follow up in this study was 50.39 months. Four @entity1 became completely asymptomatic and remained stable throughout the follow-up period. One @entity1 required an additional third ventriculostomy after I year, due to secondary closure, and has remained stable since that time. Postoperative magnetic resonance images demonstrated a significant reduction in the extent of @entity1276 in all @entity1 (mean transverse diameter of the third ventricle 6.9 mm [p = 0.0035]; mean sagittal diameter of the fourth ventricle 10.32 mm [p = 0.007]), with a mean ascent of the cerebellar tonsils from 13.75 mm below the basion-opisthion line to 7.76 mm below it (p = 0.01). In addition, CSF flow was identified on either side of the orifice of the third ventriculostomy in all @entity1 postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Results in this series confirm the efficacy of ETV in the treatment of @entity1276 associated with @entity1645 . It is a reliable, minimally invasive technique that also provides a better understanding of the pathophysiology of this @entity600 .

title: @entity1645 : a rare cause of noncommunicating XXXX treated by third ventriculostomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disorders']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus', 'Hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari I malformation']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal headaches']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity2802 staging system for @entity1358 was revised by the American Joint Committee on @entity5 (AJCC) and the International Union Against @entity5 (UICC) in 1997. The 1997 @entity2802 staging system for @entity1358 reclassifies @entity5 using criteria for size and for extent of renal vein/vena cava involvement that are different from the criteria used in the 1987 staging system. The current study investigated the prognostic significance of @entity5 classification and other factors using the new staging system. METHODS: Records from 1547 @entity1358 @entity1 (1039 males and 508 females; mean age, 63.4 years; mean follow-up, 7.1 years) who underwent surgical resection between 1970 and 1998 were analyzed retrospectively. @entity5 were staged using the 1987 and 1997 @entity2802 criteria, and Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival and disease recurrence were compared for both staging systems. The Peto-Peto log rank test and the generalized Wilcoxon test were used to assess univariate significance of prognostic factors on survival. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was then completed to assess the significance of the revised staging system. RESULTS: Tumor classification using the 1987 @entity2802 staging system (P = 0.0001) and the 1997 @entity2802 staging system (P = 0.0001) was a significant predictor of cause specific survival. Using 1997 @entity2802 staging criteria, 641 @entity1 were reclassified from the T2 classification to the T1 classification, 114 @entity1 were reclassified from the T3c classification to the T3b classification, 11 @entity1 were reclassified from the T4b classification to the T3c classification, and 3 @entity1 were reclassified from the T4b classification to the T3b classification. @entity1 with reclassified @entity5 had outcomes similar to @entity1 with @entity5 that remained in the same @entity5 classification. @entity1 stratification was improved using the new staging system. Prognostic discrimination for cause specific survival at 10 years was noted for the 1987 and 1997 @entity2802 classifications (T1, 97% vs. 91%; T2, 84% vs. 70%; T3a, 53% vs. 53%; T3b, 48% vs. 42%; and T3c, 29% vs. 43%). CONCLUSIONS: The revised classification of @entity1358 was a significant predictor of cause specific survival for the cohort of @entity1 described in this report. Using the new system, the stratification of @entity1 was improved. @entity1 who had their @entity5 reclassified as a result of the new staging system had outcomes similar to those of @entity1 who had @entity5 that remained in the same classification. Based on an analysis of this cohort, @entity5 classification is valid, and the T1 subclassification is warranted. However, additional revision may be required to optimize staging.

title: Pathologic staging of @entity1358 : significance of @entity5 classification with the 1997 XXXX staging system.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity2802 :: (10178,Gene) :: ['TNM']


abstract: PURPOSE: In a first prospective nonrandomized trial, 107 @entity1 with Stage III and IV "low-grade" @entity706 have been treated with a combination of chemotherapy and @entity258 ( @entity258 ). This study shows that this scheme of @entity258 was very well tolerated, gave a high response rate (83%), and extended @entity4434 . It incited us to start a pilot study on localized @entity706 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: From January 1986 through October 1994, 34 @entity1 with previously untreated localized low-grade @entity1893 have been included in a prospective trial with @entity258 followed by radical involved field radiotherapy (IF-RT). @entity1 received two courses of whole body irradiation of 0.75 Gy in 5 fractions and 1 week separated by a rest period of 2 weeks. After 1 month, @entity1 were reevaluated, and received 40 Gy in 20 fractions, and 4 weeks on initially pathological lymph node areas. Eight @entity1 have been excluded from the study: 4 after histologic review (2 centrocytic, 1 lymphocytic, 1 centroblastic) and 4 @entity1 with Stage IV because of bone-marrow involvement. The remaining 26 @entity1 were 11 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 , 50 years old median age (mean: 50.2; range: 35-73.5) with clinical Stage I (10 pts), II1 (8 pts), and II2 (8 pts). All @entity1 received the planned treatment. RESULTS: Clinical tolerance was excellent, and the hematological follow-up shows a mean nadir value of 3.9.10(9)/l (2.1-8.1) for leucocytes, 13.4 g/l (10.8-15.4) for hemoglobin, and 124.10(9)/l (46-216) for platelets, with a median delay of 3.2 months. Of 26 @entity1 , 24 achieved complete remission (CR) after the @entity258 that was before the IF-RT. All @entity1 , except one, were in complete remission after IF-RT. Nineteen @entity1 remain alive without any evidence of disease, with a median follow-up of 56.2 months. Five @entity1 relapsed; 3 of them died. CONCLUSION: As delivered, this schedule of @entity258 give a very high rate of CR in localized follicular @entity1893 , with a very good tolerance. It remains to prove that this immediate efficacy has an impact on long-term disease-free survival in such @entity1 , and to understand how the @entity258 works (direct and/or indirect induction of apoptosis; relationship with t(14;18) translocation and overexpression of @entity588 ). These will be the two aims of a new EORTC prospective randomized trial comparing @entity258 followed by IF-RT vs. IF-RT alone.

title: Place of @entity258 in the treatment of localized follicular XXXX : results of a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['follicular lymphomas', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['LD-TBI', 'low-dose total body irradiation']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", "non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: @entity1 recombinant @entity1307 (rHuEPO) induces cytosolic free @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]i) mobilization, an activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and DNA synthesis in several tissues. We explored the mechanism of rHuEPO-induced [ @entity141 ]i mobilization and its role in the activation of MAP kinase and DNA synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). METHODS: [ @entity141 ]i concentrations were measured by @entity593 . MAP kinase activation was analyzed using an immunocomplex kinase assay and Western blotting. DNA synthesis was measured as an incorporation of @entity1603 . RESULTS: Although addition of rHuEPO significantly increased [ @entity141 ]i, either in the presence or absence of extracellular @entity141 , the peak level and sustained elevation of [ @entity141 ]i were significantly reduced in the absence of extracellular @entity141 . Pretreatment with @entity670 completely blocked the elevation of [ @entity141 ]i in both conditions. @entity11616 and @entity866 did not completely block the elevation of [ @entity141 ]i. @entity866 reduced its peak level in a dose-dependent manner, whereas @entity11616 reduced its peak level at concentrations over 1 nmol/l in the presence of extracellular @entity141 . Similar results to those with @entity866 were observed with @entity594 . In the absence of extracellular @entity141 , their dose-dependent effects disappeared even though rHuEPO increased [ @entity141 ]i. rHuEPO activated MAP kinase and DNA synthesis, both of which were significantly suppressed by the chelation of intracellular @entity141 . CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that rHuEPO increases [ @entity141 ]i by both @entity141 influx and @entity141 release from intracellular stores. @entity669 phosphorylation is critical in the regulation of [ @entity141 ]i, but protein kinase C activation is important only in the regulation of @entity141 influx. @entity7236 -sensitive L-type @entity141 channels seem to be involved in rHuEPO-induced @entity141 influx. In addition, increase of [ @entity141 ]i by rHuEPO stimulates MAP kinase activation and DNA synthesis in VSMC.

title: Involvement of XXXX -induced cytosolic free @entity460 mobilization in activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and DNA synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ["5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine"]

entities_list: @entity7236 :: ('MESH:C038806', 'Chemical') :: ['Dihydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['Staurosporine', 'staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity11616 :: ('MESH:C058819', 'Chemical') :: ['Calphostin C', 'calphostin C']

answer: @entity1307 :: (2056,Gene) :: ['erythropoietin']


abstract: The @entity1 @entity8428 / @entity9653 receptor ( @entity10911 /CD21) is a 145-kDa protein primarily expressed on mature B lymphocytes. @entity10911 is a member of the regulators of complement activation (RCA) gene family found on band q32 of chromosome 1. The RCA proteins are characterized by the presence of 60-70 @entity535 short consensus repeats (SCR). A full length @entity10911 cDNA was cloned and used to identify overlapping cosmid genomic clones. Analysis of @entity10911 exon-intron junctions revealed the presence of three types of exons in the short consensus repeat region of @entity10911 . First, four exons each of which encodes two SCR are present. Five exons encode a single SCR. Six exons encode SCRs which are split in identical positions. The order of these types of exons is in a repeated array of four SCRs, indicating that the contemporary @entity10911 gene likely evolved from a more primitive gene containing four SCRs. The @entity10911 full length cDNA clone was used to find restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Restriction enzyme TaqI generated 2.55- and 2.10-kilobase (kb) polymorphic bands. This RFLP was mapped near the exon containing the first two SCRs. HaeIII digestion generated polymorphic bands of 1.45, 1.55, and 1.75 kb. The HaeIII 1.45-kb RFLP band maps near the exon containing the 15th SCR. The TaqI and HaeIII RFLPs will provide tools for the genetic analysis of @entity10911 . The organization of the @entity10911 gene provides insights into the evolution of @entity1 @entity10911 and the RCA gene family.

title: Genomic organization and polymorphisms of the @entity1 XXXX / @entity9653 receptor.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity9653 :: ('10376', 'Species') :: ['Epstein-Barr virus']

answer: @entity8428 :: (100861467,Gene) :: ['C3d']


abstract: Microscopic haematuria is the presenting symptom of several conditions, either heritable or acquired. A well-recognized familial condition is @entity3686 , either of X-linked or autosomal recessive inheritance, as well as @entity8 ( @entity8 ) because of heterozygous collagen IV mutations. Even though microscopic haematuria of @entity8 was long considered as a benign disease with excellent prognosis, more recent data suggest that development of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) and even @entity454 ( @entity454 ) is not a rare finding, perhaps owing to the cofounding role of modifier genes and other factors. Recent investigations in London and Cyprus culminated in the identification of another @entity74 that presents with microscopic haematuria because of heterozygous mutations in the @entity23219 gene, which apparently plays a pivotal role in the regulation of the alterative pathway of complement system, which constitutes a significant part of innate immunity in @entity1 . Histologically, the hallmark observation is the isolated glomerular deposition of C3 complement in the absence of immune complexes. It is considered one of the C3 @entity8 , and it may or may not be accompanied by mild @entity631 . Interestingly, a single mutation has been identified so far, a duplication of exons 2-3 of the @entity23219 gene, and it has been described in @entity1 of Greek-Cypriot descend only, perhaps originating on the Troodos mountains of Cyprus. Thus far, no @entity1 with a mutation in this gene has been diagnosed in any other population. In Cyprus, it has been found in clusters of families in neighbouring villages in a total of 136 @entity1 , and it constitutes a strong founder phenomenon. About 50% of @entity1 over 50 years have progressed to @entity740 , and 14% of all @entity1 progressed to @entity454 . It is not quite well understood why males run a much higher risk to progress to @entity740 , compared to @entity1 .

title: C3 @entity631 / XXXX @entity8 is an endemic disease in Cyprus: clinical and molecular findings in 21 families.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['thin basement membrane nephropathy', 'glomerulopathies', 'TBMN']

entities_list: @entity3686 :: ('MESH:D009394', 'Disease') :: ['Alport syndrome']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant condition']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESKD', 'end-stage kidney disease']

answer: @entity23219 :: (81494,Gene) :: ['CFHR5']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate the mechanisms that support the stability of platelet aggregates on a thrombogenic surface exposed to flowing blood. BACKGROUND: Activation of the membrane glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa--mediated in part through the @entity15094 and @entity3075 @entity1424 ( @entity857 ) receptors--is necessary for @entity1423 . Platelets in growing thrombi exhibit cyclic calcium signal, suggesting that sustained activation may be required for @entity715 stability. METHODS: Blood was perfused over type I collagen fibrils at the wall shear rate of 1,500 s(-1). Three-dimensional visualization of platelet thrombi was obtained in real time with confocal microscopy. The intracytoplasmic @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) was measured in fluo-3AM-loaded platelets. RESULTS: The height of platelet thrombi in control blood was 13.5 +/- 3.3 microm after 6 min, and increased to 16.3 +/- 4.5 microm (n = 8) after an additional 6 min. In contrast, the height was reduced to 5.4 +/- 2.2 and 3.3 +/- 1.3 microm, respectively (p < 0.01, n = 8), when the blood used in the second 6-min perfusion contained a @entity15094 ( @entity24001 ) or @entity3075 (AR-C69931MX) inhibitor. The [ @entity141 ]i of platelets within forming thrombi oscillated between 212 +/- 38 nmol/l and 924 +/- 458 nmol/l, with cycles lasting 4.2 +/- 2.8 s that were inhibited completely by @entity37502 and partially by @entity24001 . Accordingly, thrombi became unstable upon perfusion of blood containing the @entity141 channel blocker, @entity7395 . Flow cytometric studies demonstrated that AR-C69931MX, @entity24001 , and @entity7395 reduced monoclonal antibody @entity23022 binding to platelets, indicating a decrease of membrane-expressed activated @entity1427 /IIIa. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous @entity15094 and @entity3075 stimulation resulting in cyclic [ @entity141 ]i oscillations is required for maintaining the activation of @entity1427 /IIIa needed for @entity715 stability in flowing blood.

title: Dependence of @entity1423 stability on sustained glycoprotein IIb/IIIa activation through XXXX receptor stimulation and cyclic calcium signaling.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity7395 :: ('MESH:C028521', 'Chemical') :: ['lanthanum chloride']

entities_list: @entity1424 :: ('CHEBI:16761', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 5'-diphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity1424 :: (CHEBI:16761,Chemical) :: ['adenosine 5'-diphosphate']


abstract: We have investigated the adaptations of the cytoskeletal proteins @entity2283 and @entity4714 in relationship to known muscular adaptations of resistance exercise. We measured @entity2283 , @entity4714 , and actin protein contents, @entity3998 ( @entity3998 ) isoform distribution, muscle strength, and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) during 8 wk of progressive resistance training or after a single bout of unaccustomed resistance exercise. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis of 12 untrained @entity1 . For the single-bout group (n=6) biopsies were taken 1 wk before the single bout of exercise (week 0) and 1, 2, 4, and 8 wk after this single bout of exercise. For the training group (n=6), biopsies were taken 1 wk before the beginning of the program (week 0) and at weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8 of the progressive resistance training program. @entity2283 , @entity4714 , and actin protein levels were determined with immunoblotting, and @entity3998 isoform distribution was determined using SDS-PAGE at each time point for each group. In the training group, @entity2283 was significantly increased compared with week 0 beginning at week 4 (182% of week 0; P<0.0001) and remained elevated through week 8 (172% of week 0; P<0.0001). @entity2283 did not change at any time point for the single-bout group. Actin and @entity4714 protein contents were not changed in either group at any time point. The percentage of @entity3998 type IIa increased and @entity3998 type IIx decreased at week 8 in the training group with no changes occurring in the single-bout group. Strength was significantly increased by week 2 (knee extension) and week 4 (leg press), and it further increased at week 8 for both these exercises in the training group only. Muscle CSA was significantly increased at week 4 for type II fibers in the training group only (5,719+/-382 and 6,582+/-640 microm2, weeks 0 and 4, respectively; P<0.05). Finally, a significant negative correlation was observed between the @entity2283 -to-actin ratio and the percentage of @entity3998 IIx (R=-0.31; P<0.05, all time points from both groups). These data demonstrate a time course for muscular adaptation to resistance training in which @entity2283 increases shortly after strength gains and in conjunction with @entity1184 , but before changes in @entity3998 isoforms, whereas @entity4714 remains unchanged.

title: Temporal response of XXXX and @entity4714 proteins to progressive resistance exercise in @entity1 skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity3998 :: ('3133', 'Gene') :: ['myosin heavy chain', 'MHC']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

answer: @entity2283 :: (1674,Gene) :: ['desmin']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity521 receiving high-dose @entity3003 as part of their conditioning regimen for autologous marrow transplantation have a high incidence of speech frequency @entity393 . We evaluated @entity393 in 11 @entity1 with advanced stage @entity521 who underwent autologous marrow transplantation, following a conditioning regimen containing high-dose @entity3003 (2g/m2, total dose). Audiometric evaluations were obtained at diagnosis, prior to and following transplant. Exposure to other known ototoxins also was assessed. All @entity1 sustained worsening of @entity393 following high-dose @entity3003 . Nine of the 11 @entity1 (82%) had evidence of speech frequency @entity393 post transplant for which @entity393 aids were recommended (grades 3-4). Three of the nine @entity1 had speech frequency loss prior to transplant which progressed following transplant. The entire group was heavily pre-treated with @entity902 -containing chemotherapy pre-BMT and had extensive exposure to other ototoxins, including @entity4028 antibiotics, diuretics, and noise exposure - all of which could have exacerbated the effects of @entity3003 . High-dose @entity3003 is @entity2167 , particularly in @entity1 who have been primed with previous @entity902 therapy or other @entity2167 agents. We conclude that further efforts are needed to monitor and minimize this complication. In cases where @entity393 is inevitable due to cumulative @entity2167 exposures, families need to be adequately prepared for the tradeoffs of potentially curable therapy.

title: Severe @entity2167 following XXXX -containing conditioning regimen for autologous marrow transplantation for @entity521 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'hearing']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: The preparation of a propionylated protein is described, and the effects of this treatment on @entity535 composition and availability are compared with the effects of severe heat treatment (autoclaving) of a protein. 2. Using chemical analyses, changes exceeding 5% for total @entity669 , @entity3793 , @entity1853 and @entity1434 contents were found after propionylation of the protein. Autoclaving of the protein resulted in changes in total @entity563 , @entity376 , @entity1853 , @entity1434 and @entity2340 contents. 3. Microbiological estimates of total @entity535 contents were not in close agreement with the chemical estimates for the autoclaved protein. 4. @entity18581 -reactive @entity376 content was reduced to almost zero by propionylation, and by almost 40% by autoclaving. 5. Both propionylating and autoclaving protein reduced the amount of @entity376 available to the @entity1573 by about half. In contrast, the availabilities of @entity1853 and @entity2340 to the @entity1573 were unchanged by propionylation, but were reduced to 0.66 and 0.44 respectively, relative to the untreated protein, by autoclaving. 6. Because of the difficulties of obtaining reliable absolute estimates of @entity535 availability using @entity1573 growth assays, our interpretation of results is mainly based on relative values. The merits of microbiological estimates of @entity535 availability are assessed.

title: Mechanisms of heat damage in proteins. 5. The nutritional values of heat-damaged and propionylated proteins as sources of @entity376 , @entity1853 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity18581 :: ('MESH:D004139', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorodinitrobenzene']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity2340 :: (CHEBI:27897,Chemical) :: ['tryptophan']


abstract: We have previously shown that the development of @entity881 ( @entity881 ) after liver transplantation significantly reduced @entity1 survival. Therefore, the question arises of which are the most prominent perioperative donor and recipient factors leading to @entity881 after transplantation. In total, 634 @entity1 with 700 liver transplants were analyzed. Donor factors included age, increase in transaminases, sex mismatch, requirement for @entity2661 , intensive care time, histology, and macroscopic graft appearance. Recipient factors included @entity1 classification, preoperative @entity360 , mechanical ventilation, hemodialysis, and requirement for @entity2661 . @entity881 was defined by more than two severe @entity881 . The cumulative 2 to 9-year @entity1 survival was 90.9% in @entity1 developing less than 3 severe @entity881 following transplantation. Survival decreased to 60.3% in @entity1 with @entity881 . Neither any of the donor factors nor the duration of @entity63 (CIT) was associated with an increase in @entity881 or decrease in survival. On the other hand, duration of @entity63 , amount of @entity190 , requirement for red packed blood cells, and reoperation had an influence on the development of @entity881 (40%-56%) and decreased @entity1 survival to 58%-69%. Preoperative therapy with @entity2661 , @entity360 , mechanical ventilation, and hemodialysis were associated with the development of @entity881 in 54%-88%. @entity1 survival following @entity881 decreased to 50%-74%. Initial graft function had a slight influence on the development of @entity881 , but no influence on the long-term @entity1 survival. In conclusion, @entity1 survival was significantly influenced by the development of postoperative @entity881 . The most prominent factors in this were recipient and intraoperative ones. No major influence was observed for donor factors, CIT, and initial graft function. Prevention of @entity881 will further improve the outcome after liver transplantation.

title: Perioperative factors influencing XXXX outcome after liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['cold ischemia', 'warm ischemia']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ dysfunctions', 'multiple organ dysfunction syndrome', 'MODS']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['GI bleeding', 'gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship of the severity of @entity4531 ( @entity4531 ) as assessed by a subjective, @entity1 -rated scale (International @entity4531 Study Group Rating Scale, IRLS), and of @entity10522 ( @entity10522 ) as an objective parameter, in two different @entity1 populations. METHODS: Data of 200 unmedicated @entity1 with idiopathic @entity4531 were evaluated. Group 1 (n=100) consisted of selected @entity1 participating in the Pergolide European Australian @entity4531 (PEARLS) study. Group 2 (n=100) represented an outpatient @entity4531 population investigated in a @entity25 Center. Additionally, Group 1 was also evaluated after a 6 week double-blind treatment period, where 47 @entity1 received pergolide and 53 @entity1 placebo. RESULTS: In unmedicated @entity1 , IRLS scores correlated with the @entity10522 -arousal index (r=0.22, p=0.033) but not with the @entity10522 index in Group 1 while no correlation was found in Group 2. The change of the IRLS score under treatment in Group 1 correlated significantly both with the change of the @entity10522 index (r=0.42, p<0.001) and the change of the @entity10522 -arousal index (r=0.38, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The IRLS adequately reflects treatment changes of @entity10522 indices. In unmedicated @entity1 , the IRLS correlates with @entity10522 indices probably only in selected @entity4531 populations with predefined PSG criteria and high PLM activity. SIGNIFICANCE: The IRLS is an appropriate subjective rating scale for measuring treatment effects in @entity4531 .

title: Relationship of periodic leg movements and severity of XXXX : a study in unmedicated and medicated @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10522 :: ('MESH:D020189', 'Disease') :: ['PLMS', 'periodic leg movements in sleep']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Sleep Disorders']

entities_list: @entity4531 :: ('MESH:D012148', 'Disease') :: ['restless legs syndrome', 'RLS']

answer: @entity4531 :: (MESH:D012148,Disease) :: ['restless legs syndrome']


abstract: OBJECT: The management of pediatric @entity2504 is highly dependent on identification of the @entity5 type. @entity2846 , a common @entity2504 in @entity1 , can be difficult to distinguish radiographically from @entity9204 and other common pediatric central nervous system (CNS) @entity5 . In this study to overcome the limitations of current noninvasive imaging modalities, the authors use novel magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy techniques in vivo to elucidate the identifying biochemical features of @entity5683 that may facilitate diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: Based on an Internal Review Board-approved protocol, six @entity1 with newly diagnosed, untreated intraventricular @entity1313 were identified. On retrospective review, this series included three @entity2846 and three @entity9204 . Single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy with a short echo time was performed, and absolute metabolite concentrations (in mmol/kg) were determined using fully automated quantitation. These results were compared with MR spectroscopy profiles obtained in 54 other untreated @entity1221 in @entity1 . The @entity8580 (mI) level was significantly higher in @entity2846 (> 10 mmol/kg), uniquely distinguishing these @entity5 from @entity9204 and all other @entity5 . @entity9204 , on the other hand, had significantly elevated levels of @entity1877 when compared with @entity2846 . CONCLUSIONS: In this study the authors find that mI is a biochemical constituent that uniquely identifies @entity2846 and can be used as a noninvasive means of diagnosis and for follow-up evaluations in @entity1 with this disease.

title: Differentiation of XXXX by advanced magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

entities_list: @entity2504 :: ('MESH:D002551', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular tumor', 'intraventricular tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['myo-inositol']

entities_list: @entity5683 :: ('MESH:D016545', 'Disease') :: ['choroid plexus tumors']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['CNS neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity2846 :: ('MESH:D020288', 'Disease') :: ['Choroid plexus papillomas', 'choroid plexus papillomas']

entities_list: @entity9204 :: ('MESH:C562943', 'Disease') :: ['choroid plexus carcinomas', 'Choroid plexus carcinomas']

answer: @entity5683 :: (MESH:D016545,Disease) :: ['choroid plexus tumors']


abstract: CONTEXT: Magnetic resonance imaging studies have identified @entity131 in @entity161 and @entity1283 in @entity162 , suggesting different medial temporal lobe abnormalities in these conditions. These studies have been limited by small samples and the absence of @entity1 early in the course of @entity221 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate hippocampal and amygdala volumes in a large sample of @entity1 with chronic @entity161 , @entity1 with @entity716 , and @entity1 at ultra-high risk for @entity716 compared with control subjects. DESIGN: Cross-sectional comparison between @entity1 groups and controls. SETTING: Individuals with chronic @entity161 were recruited from a mental health rehabilitation service, and individuals with @entity716 and ultra-high risk were recruited from the ORYGEN Youth Health Service. Control subjects were recruited from the community. @entity1 : The study population of 473 individuals included 89 with chronic @entity161 , 162 with @entity716 , 135 at ultra-high risk for @entity716 (of whom 39 subsequently developed a @entity716 ), and 87 controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hippocampal, amygdala, whole-brain, and intracranial volumes were estimated on high-resolution magnetic resonance images and compared across groups, including first-episode subgroups. We used 1- and 2-way analysis of variance designs to compare hippocampal and amygdala volumes across groups, correcting for intracranial volume and covarying for age and sex. We investigated the effects of medication and @entity221 duration on structural volumes. RESULTS: @entity1 with chronic @entity161 displayed @entity131 . @entity1 with @entity161 but not schizophreniform @entity716 displayed @entity131 . The remaining first-episode subgroups had normal hippocampal volumes compared with controls. Amygdala @entity1283 was identified only in first-episode @entity1 with @entity914 . @entity1 at ultra-high risk for @entity716 had normal baseline hippocampal and amygdala volumes whether or not they subsequently developed a @entity716 . Structural volumes did not differ between @entity1 taking atypical vs typical antipsychotic medications, and they remained unchanged when @entity1 treated with @entity1091 were excluded from the analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Medial temporal structural changes are not seen until after the onset of a @entity716 , and the pattern of structural change differs according to the type of @entity716 . These findings have important implications for future neurobiological studies of @entity914 and emphasize the importance of longitudinal studies examining @entity1 before and after the onset of a @entity716 .

title: Hippocampal and amygdala volumes according to @entity716 stage and diagnosis: a magnetic resonance imaging study of chronic @entity161 , XXXX , and ultra-high-risk individuals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral hippocampal volume reduction', 'hippocampal volume reductions', 'left hippocampal volume reduction']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['volume enlargement', 'amygdala volume enlargements']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['nonschizophrenic psychoses', 'psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'first-episode schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic illness', 'first-episode psychosis', 'psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['first-episode psychosis']


abstract: The endoscope has recently been used to @entity66 , but the extended areas of the lesions and operative techniques vary from each study. Here we present our experience with extended endoscopic transseptal transsphenoidal (EETT) approach to 16 @entity1 with @entity66 and evaluate the feasibility of EETT in different extensive @entity5 resection. Sixteen @entity1 with @entity66 were operated by EETT approach in this study. The approach included unilateral posterior septum mucosa resection, posterior septectomy, extended ethmoidectomy and sphenoidoctomy, four tumoral circumferences (bilateral, superior, inferior aspects) isolated and subsequently tumoral removal from outside to inside of the @entity5 obtained. This surgical procedure is satisfactory for sellar lesion with different juxtasellar extension. After surgery, CT scan and MR image showed that total @entity5 was achieved in 10 @entity1 . Six @entity1 who received subtotal resection were treated with postoperative radiation therapy or gamma knife surgery. Two @entity1 developed @entity86 that was successfully managed by conservative treatment within 6 days after surgery. No other @entity16 occurred. Six months to 5 years follow up indicated that all 16 @entity1 with the @entity227 and 4 @entity1 with @entity4903 have recovered or improved. One @entity1 with @entity5 died due to recurrence of the @entity5 2 years postoperation. Another one @entity1 with malignant @entity1179 recurred 1 year postoperation and underwent operation and radiation therapy again. The EETT approach might better facilitate the removal of different @entity66 with maximal preservation of important anatomical structures and nasal function.

title: Resection of extensive XXXX with extended endoscopic transseptal transsphenoidal approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disturbances']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive sellar lesion', 'extensive sellar lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'removal of the tumor', 'sellar tumor', 'malignant meningioma', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1179 :: ('MESH:D018308', 'Disease') :: ['inverted papilloma']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['new postoperative endocrinological or neurological defects']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine impairments']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['sellar tumors']


abstract: In 14 severely anemic @entity1 with @entity454 and chronic hemodialysis the effect of recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ) on hemopoiesis was investigated. Bone marrow biopsies were taken before and after four and 26 months of treatment with @entity1307 to evaluate quantitative and qualitative changes of histomorphology. @entity1307 induced normalization of maturation and an increase in cell mass of the erythropoietic line in all @entity1 . The number of megakaryocyte also increased significantly with @entity1307 treatment (P less than 0.01). At the time of the third bone marrow biopsy (26 months) erythropoiesis was normal. Megakaryopoiesis remained unchanged compared to the second biopsy (4 months). No cytomorphologic abnormalities or other evidence for @entity5 could be detected in any of the @entity1 . Hematocrit increased from a mean of 19 to 31 percent at the second evaluation (P less than 0.001). Platelet count had risen by a mean of 30,000 at four months (P less than 0.05) and slightly decreased at 26 months. These observations suggest great safety of long-term treatment with recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 , and demonstrate efficacy in correcting reduced and immature erythropoiesis in chronically hemodialyzed @entity1 . @entity1307 also stimulates @entity1 megakaryopoiesis.

title: Bone marrow changes following treatment of renal anemia with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disorder']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'EPO']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1307 :: (2056,Gene) :: ['erythropoietin']


abstract: A 13-year retrospective review of 17 @entity1 with @entity7667 treated at the University of Iowa was conducted to investigate the association between @entity5 location, extent of resection, pathological findings, and @entity1 prognosis. Thirteen were in the cerebral hemispheres and 4 in the midline. The mean ages at diagnosis and symptom onset were 16 and 8.8 years, respectively. The most common presenting symptom was @entity410 (11 @entity1 ); focal @entity51 was seen in 5 @entity1 and @entity10 in 1. @entity1 with @entity5 had an older age at time of diagnosis and a longer duration of symptoms. Pathologically, they had more microcalcifications, lymphocytic infiltration, @entity528 , and eosinophilic bodies. @entity5 were more amenable to total resection than midline @entity5 , 77% versus 25%, respectively. In the @entity1 with @entity5 , 10 @entity1 were @entity5 -free after total resection. Two of the 3 @entity1 with partial resection had stable @entity41 . The third died of @entity5 progression. In the 4 @entity1 with midline @entity5 , one was @entity5 -free after total resection. The other 3 had subtotal resection and radiation therapy. Two died within 2 years; the third is still alive with progressive @entity5 . Five of 9 @entity1 who had @entity410 disorders and who underwent @entity5 removal were @entity410 -free postoperatively. The other 4 @entity1 and the 2 with partial surgical resection continued to have @entity410 .

title: XXXX : 13 years of experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'hemispheric tumors', 'total tumor', 'Cerebral hemispheric tumors', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity7667 :: ('MESH:D018303', 'Disease') :: ['gangliogliomas']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['microcystic degeneration']

answer: @entity7667 :: (MESH:D018303,Disease) :: ['Ganglioglioma']


abstract: We sought to determine whether change in weight status between adolescence and young adulthood was associated with the risk of developing @entity101 among adolescents and whether sex and racial/ethnic group differences existed in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. The sample was restricted to @entity1 who self-identified as black, Hispanic, or white non-Hispanic (n=8543). Height and weight were measured in adolescence (mean 16 years) and again in adulthood (mean 29 years). We categorized the weight of @entity1 into 4 groups: stayed normal weight; gained weight (normal weight in adolescence and @entity28 in adulthood); lost weight (overweight/ @entity28 in adolescence nonobese in adulthood); and chronically overweight/ @entity28 . @entity101 was defined as measured systolic blood pressure of at least 140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure of at least 90 mm Hg measured in adulthood or use of antihypertensive medications. A higher risk of @entity101 was noted for all sex and racial/ethnic groups who became @entity28 in adulthood. Furthermore, those who were chronically overweight/ @entity28 were at higher risk of @entity101 for all groups, with odds ratios ranging from 2.7 in Hispanic @entity1 to 6.5 in Hispanic @entity1 . Except for black @entity1 , those who lost weight during follow-up had no significant increased risk compared with those who maintained normal weight. Overall, there was an increased risk of @entity101 for those who gained weight in adulthood and among those who remained @entity28 from adolescence to young adulthood. These data give further evidence for prevention strategies that begin earlier in life to reduce or delay the onset of @entity102 in young adults.

title: Adolescent obesity, change in weight status, and XXXX : racial/ethnic variations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the outcomes between @entity1 undergoing endovascular (EEC) or open (OEC) approaches to second-stage @entity7105 trunk completion (EC). METHODS: From 1993 to 2010, 225 @entity1 underwent second-stage EC (EEC, n  =  92; OEC, n  =  133). Propensity matching was performed for a fair comparison. RESULTS: The EEC @entity1 were older, more likely to have @entity955 , and had a smaller proximal aorta. The 30-day mortality was 6.2% (6.5% EEC vs 6% OEC, P  =  .88). No difference was found in bleeding (8.8%), @entity64 (3%), @entity177 (4%), or @entity1566 (4%); however, the OEC @entity1 required tracheostomy more often (10 vs 1, P  =  .014). Survival after second-stage EC at 6 months and 1 and 5 years was 91%, 90%, and 77%, respectively. Survival and major morbidity did not differ after matching (44 pairs). However, the EEC group had shorter stays (9.9      13 vs 13      9 days, P  <  .0001) and received less blood (3      8 vs 6      8 U, P  =  .0001) than did the OEC group. This was maintained after matching. During follow-up, 32 @entity1070 (3  type I, 27 type II, 2 type III) occurred; 26 (28%) EEC and 13 of 76 (17%) OEC @entity1 underwent reoperation. The approach was not related to the risk of death in either hazard phase, but a larger descending diameter predicted a greater risk in the early phase. CONCLUSIONS: @entity204 and complications occur similarly after OEC or EEC. The early toll might be greater after OEC, at the cost of reintervention for EEC. EEC expands the options to older @entity1 and allows for earlier completion. Second-stage repair should not be delayed, and all @entity1 require lifelong imaging surveillance.

title: Endovascular versus open XXXX trunk completion for extensive aortic disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['endoleaks']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity7105 :: (9783,Species) :: ['elephant']


abstract: Here we report effect of @entity63 -reperfusion on mitochondrial @entity141 uptake and activity of complexes I and IV in @entity35 hippocampus. By performing 4-vessel occlusion model of global @entity2806 , we observed that 15 min @entity63 led to significant decrease of mitochondrial capacity to accumulate @entity141 to 80.8% of control whereas rate of @entity141 uptake was not significantly changed. Reperfusion did not significantly change mitochondrial @entity141 transport. @entity63 induced progressive inhibition of complex I, affecting final electron transfer to @entity29798 . Minimal activity of complex I was observed 24 h after @entity63 (63% of control). Inhibition of complex IV activity to 80.6% of control was observed 1 h after @entity63 . To explain the discrepancy between impact of @entity63 on rate of @entity141 uptake and activities of both complexes, we performed titration experiments to study relationship between inhibition of particular complex and generation of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)). Generation of a threshold curves showed that complex I and IV activities must be decreased by approximately 40, and 60%, respectively, before significant decline in DeltaPsi(m) was documented. Thus, mitochondrial @entity141 uptake was not significantly affected by @entity63 -reperfusion, apparently due to excess capacity of the complexes I and IV. Inhibition of complex I is favourable of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) generation. Maximal oxidative modification of membrane proteins was documented 1 h after @entity63 . Although enhanced formation of ROS might contribute to @entity528 , depressed activities of complex I and IV together with unaltered rate of @entity141 uptake are conditions favourable of initiation of other cell degenerative pathways like opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore or apoptosis initiation, and might represent important mechanism of ischemic damage to neurones.

title: Mitochondrial calcium transport and mitochondrial dysfunction after global XXXX in @entity35 hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity29798 :: ('MESH:C060262', 'Chemical') :: ['decylubiquinone']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['brain ischemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of trabeculotomy and guarded filtration procedure in the management of @entity726 associated with the @entity3932 . METHODS: Six @entity1 (seven eyes) with @entity3932 who underwent @entity726 surgery were retrospectively reviewed. One @entity1 had @entity726 . Age at the time of operation ranged between 23 days and 9 years. The mean preoperative intraocular pressure was 30.6 mmHg (range 25-38 mmHg). Trabeculotomy and guarded filtration procedure were performed in three eyes each and both techniques were used in one eye. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 6.3 (range 2-11) years. A single procedure lowered the intraocular pressure and arrested the progression of the disease in five eyes. Two @entity1 required topical antiglaucoma medication. No @entity1 needed reoperation. Two eyes suffered intra- and post-operative temporary choroidal effusions. CONCLUSIONS: Trabeculotomy in infancy and guarded filtration procedure in older @entity1 effectively stabilized the eyes and prevented further @entity16 in our @entity1 with @entity3932 .

title: Results of trabeculotomy and guarded filtration procedure for @entity726 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3932 :: ('MESH:D013341', 'Disease') :: ['Sturge-Weber syndrome']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'bilateral glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous damage']

answer: @entity3932 :: (MESH:D013341,Disease) :: ['Sturge-Weber syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: Very @entity3465 is a major cause of @entity1 morbidity and mortality. @entity28 , @entity6 and pregnancy @entity101 are known risk factors for pregnancy complications. The study aimed to scrutinize differences of pregnancy complications in a cohort of very premature deliveries compared to a national group. METHODS: In a multicenter study performed between January 2009 and December 2010 including 1,577 very low birth weight (VLBW) @entity1 , we compared parental reported pregnancy problems of VLBW @entity1 with a national cohort (KIGGS). We compared reported pregnancy complications to reasons for @entity3465 and neonatal outcome within the group of VLBW @entity1 . RESULTS: While parents of the national cohort reported pregnancy-induced @entity101 in 8 %, parents of VLBW @entity1 reported this complication more frequently (27 %). Mothers of the national cohort were significantly younger (1 year), suffered less from @entity28 , @entity417 , @entity6 . Regression analysis showed that @entity101 (OR = 5.11) and advanced maternal age (OR = 1.03) increased the risk for @entity600 . @entity1 with @entity101 were likely to experience a clinically indicated @entity3465 , had more VLBW @entity1 with a moderate growth restriction, but less multiples and their @entity1 had less intraventricular @entity548 grade 3 or 4. Otherwise, neonatal outcome was correlated with gestational age but not with the pregnancy complications @entity6 , @entity101 or @entity28 . CONCLUSION: Premature birth seems to be correlated to gestational @entity101 and associated problems in about    of VLBW @entity1 . Further studies should focus on preventing and treating gestational @entity101 to avoid @entity3465 and associated neonatal morbidity.

title: Pregnancy risk factors for very @entity3465 : what role do @entity101 , XXXX and @entity6 play?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Women', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['premature delivery']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['premature birth']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is implicated in the initiation and progression of various @entity1 @entity5 , and is observed in both early or in advanced-stage @entity1 @entity5 . The current study was aimed at investigating the frequency of LOH @entity876 in @entity1 @entity1204 ( @entity1204 ) metastases. LOH was analyzed using 3 intragenic polymorphisms in 38 primary ECs and corresponding metastatic lesions. Allelic loss at intron 1 was detected in 14 out of 38 (37%) primary @entity189 and in 11 out of 38 (29%) metastatic lesions. LOH at intron 1 in primary and @entity3 was concomitantly noted in 8 out of 38 (21%) cases. LOH at intron 4 was seen in 46% (17 out of 37) primary ECs and in 35% (13 out of 37) metastatic lesions. LOH at intron 4 in @entity5 / @entity3 was concomitantly demonstrated in 27% (10 out of 33) cases. Allelic loss at exon 4 was detected in 5 out of 33 (15%) primary ECs and in one out of 33 (3%) corresponding metastases. Coexistence of LOH @entity876 in primary ECs with metastases at intron 1 and intron 4 was observed in three out of 33 (9%) cases. Correlation between allelic loss at intron 1 in primary ECs and corresponding metastases was found (R = 0.475, p = 0.003). Moreover, there was correlation between LOH at intron 1 in metastastic ECs and allelic imbalance at intron 4 in primary uterine @entity5 (R = 0.416, p = 0.01). There was a relationship between LOH at intron 4 in primary ECs and corresponding metastatic lesions (R = 0.457, p = 0.004). LOH @entity876 at intron 4 correlated with the presence of the @entity5 in the uterine cervix (R = 0.319, p = 0.049), and with the non-endometrioid type of @entity5 (R = 0.371, p = 0.024). There was a significant correlation between exon 4 LOH and @entity1 age (less or equal to 50 years and above this age; R = -0.375, p = 0.032). @entity876 overexpression was present in thirteen out of 38 (34%) cases, both in primary ECs and in metastatic lesions. Overexpression of @entity876 was higher in non-endometrioid ECs (three out of 5; 60%) than in endometrioid-type uterine @entity5 (ten out of 33; 30.3%; p = 0.315). @entity876 overexpression correlated with the presence of @entity5 in the lumen of fallopian tube(s) (R = 0.032, p = 0.046), and with allelic loss at intron 1 in primary ECs (R = 0.599, p = 0.0001). In conclusion, LOH occurs not only in primary uterine @entity5 but also in corresponding metastases, with the higher incidence being reported at intron 4 of the @entity876 . A significant link existed between LOH @entity876 at intron 1 and @entity876 overexpression in primary ECs, but not in the corresponding metastatic lesions.

title: Allelic loss at @entity876 in metastatic @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'EC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'primary tumor', 'neoplasm', 'neoplasia', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors', 'metastasis']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinomas']


abstract: Acute exposure to air pollution is associated with increased @entity1576 and @entity6314 in @entity1 . Most of the @entity1576 are nonspecific and not severe. However, lower @entity1576 and extra use of bronchodilators may be increased by about one third with exposure to peak levels of @entity1787 in @entity1 with @entity565 . Sensitivity to air pollution does not seem to be determined by the severity of preexisting @entity565 and there is no indication that new cases of @entity565 are induced by @entity1787 exposure. However, hospital and outpatient admissions for @entity1 with preexisting @entity565 may be increased in the range of 20% with acute exposure to ambient @entity1787 peaks and possibly with increased @entity9733 . This indicates a significant impact of acute effects of air pollution on respiratory health in @entity1 , and an increase in the use of medical resources which will vary with the local exposure level and duration. Chronic exposure to increased levels of respirable particles, SO2 and @entity6836 are associated with up to threefold increases in nonspecific @entity1576 such as chronic cough, but not with @entity565 . Exposure to high traffic flow has been found to lead to significant @entity1576 , while no clear effect on the inception of @entity565 has been documented. Although these symptoms are usually not severe, they will contribute to an increased use of pediatric health care facilities. It appears unlikely that long-term exposure to pollutants or irritants is responsible for the secular increase in @entity565 and @entity566 observed in Western countries. Whether exposure to car traffic is a significant risk factor for acute @entity565 or its inception remains to be clarified.

title: Air pollution and @entity1576 in XXXX : what is the clinically relevant impact?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6314 :: ('MESH:D006315', 'Disease') :: ['decreases in lung function']

entities_list: @entity9733 :: ('MESH:D013458', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfur dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms', 'increases in respiratory symptoms']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Adult female @entity40700 Athias-Henriot (Acari, Phytoseiidae) of one of our laboratory populations (=NR-population), show the following set of symptoms: predators shrink several days after mating, cease egg production and die several days after shrinking, show a lower degree of attraction to herbivore-induced plant volatiles and a shorter choice time in olfactometer tests, have the tendency to leave a prey patch with ample food, may carry excretory crystals in the legs, may cease prey consumption, and have a lower excretion rate. We hypothesized earlier that this characteristic syndrome, called non-responding (=NR-) syndrome, is caused by a pathogen infecting @entity40700 . To further support this hypothesis we here study several transmission modes of the factor causing the @entity751 . In all tests we measured size, short-term fecundity, mortality, predator position, response to plant odors and crystal location, thus including 6 of the 9 symptoms known yet. No evidence was found for vertical transmission from parent to offspring. Eggs from symptomatic females of the NR-population mated by males of the NR-population gave rise to normal-sized, well performing predators, when they had been surface sterilized or transferred to a new leaf. However, such eggs gave rise to shrunken females (17%) when left on the leaf where they had been laid. In the latter case transmission via products deposited on the leaf by the mothers was possible. We therefore tested several modes of horizontal transmission by exposing females of a commercial population that never showed the @entity751 (=R1-population) to products related to the symptomatic NR-population. No evidence was found for transmission via food or via squashed adult females. However, symptoms were induced in adult females of the R1-population after a 3-day exposure to a live adult female of the NR-population (incubation period=3-7 days, fraction shrunken females=53%) and after a 1-day exposure to feces and debris collected from such females (incubation period=2-4 days, fraction shrunken females=65%). Contact with live females and feces of the R1-population did not induce the syndrome. These results clearly indicate that the @entity751 is a contagious phenomenon and that the factor inducing the syndrome is transmitted horizontally among and between generations via feces and debris deposited by symptomatic females. The results are discussed in the context of mite pathology and biological control.

title: A novel disease affecting the predatory mite XXXX (Acari, Phytoseiidae): 2. Disease transmission by adult females.

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['NR-syndrome']

entities_list: @entity40700 :: ('44414', 'Species') :: ['P. persimilis', 'Phytoseiulus persimilis']

answer: @entity40700 :: (44414,Species) :: ['Phytoseiulus persimilis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The absolute number of involved axillary lymph nodes (LNs) is considered the most important prognostic factor in @entity0 . Over the last decade, several studies indicated that the lymph node ratio (LNR) might predict outcome better than the number of positive LNs. In this study we test the applicability of earlier published LNR cutoff values and study the prognostic value of the LNR on a nationwide level. METHODS: A nationwide population-based study was performed, using data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry, including all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 between 1999 and 2005 (N  =  25,315). @entity1 were divided into 3 LNR risk groups (low,  <=0.20; intermediate, 0.21-0.65; and high, >0.65). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed. In order to evaluate whether LNR was associated with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), Cox proportional hazards modeling was used. RESULTS: For the entire cohort, 5- and 10-year @entity1349 rates were 78  % and 62  %, respectively. The number of positive LNs correlated with @entity1349 (5-year @entity1349 84  %, 72  %, and 55  % for @entity1 with 1-3, 4-9, and 10 or more positive LNs, respectively, P  <  .001). LNR also correlated with @entity1349 (5-year @entity1349 86  %, 75  %, and 54  % for low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively, P  <  .001). In the multivariable analysis, the risk of @entity204 increased with increasing LNR (P  <  .001). CONCLUSIONS: The LNR has an important prognostic value in node-positive @entity1 , independent of traditional clinicopathological factors. LNR should be added as an independent prognostic variable to the current staging system.

title: The prognostic value of lymph node ratio in XXXX : a Dutch nationwide population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'node-positive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['node-positive breast cancer']


abstract: Despite its rapid enzymatic inactivation and therefore limited activity in vivo, @entity136 is the standard drug for @entity788 treatment. To protect the drug, and achieve passive @entity5 targeting, we developed a liposomal formulation of @entity136 , GemLip (  : 36 nm: 47% entrapment). Its anti-tumoral activity was tested on MIA PaCa-2 cells growing orthotopically in @entity19 . Bioluminescence measurement mediated by the stable integration of the luciferase gene was employed to randomize the @entity19 , and monitor @entity5 growth. GemLip (4 and 8 mg/kg), @entity136 (240 mg/kg), and empty liposomes (equivalent to 8 mg/kg GemLip) were injected intravenously once weekly for 5 weeks. GemLip (8 mg/kg) stopped @entity5 growth, as measured via in vivo bioluminescence, reducing the primary @entity5 size by 68% (SD +/- 8%; p < 0.02), whereas @entity136 hardly affected @entity5 size (-7%; +/- 1.5%). In 80% of animals, luciferase activity in the liver indicated the presence of @entity3 . All treatments, including the empty liposomes, reduced the metastatic burden. Thus, GemLip shows promising antitumoral activity in this model. Surprisingly, empty liposomes attenuate the spread of @entity3 similar to @entity136 and GemLip. Further, luciferase marked @entity5 cells are a powerful tool to observe @entity5 growth in vivo, and to detect and quantify @entity3 .

title: A new liposomal formulation of XXXX is active in an orthotopic @entity19 model of @entity788 accessible to bioluminescence imaging.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['Gemcitabine']


abstract: The incidence of @entity4297 is 0.8% of liveborn @entity1 . Of these 13% are ostium secundum @entity118 ( @entity118 ) which can be successfully repaired by open heart surgery with less than 1% mortality. However, morbidity associated with cardiac surgery is universal. Transcatheter closure of ASDs was introduced 2 decades ago to decrease surgical complications, hospital stay and cost. Few devices have undergone clinical trials but all of them have been associated with @entity1578 . The most important mechanism for @entity810 was selection of cases with too large a defect or selection of a defective device. In the past decade great progress has been made with the aid of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and modifications of the device. We present our experience in our first 5 @entity1 . They ranged in age from 4 to 27 years; the @entity118 diameter was 11-15 mm and the device diameter was 17-33 mm. All transcatheter closures were performed on the same day without any complications, and all @entity1 were discharged home after 2 days of hospitalization. We conclude that transcatheter occlusion of ASDs up to 15 mm is feasible, relatively safe and effective. This transcatheter method appears to be a viable alternative to surgery for some @entity1 with secundum @entity118 .

title: [Transcatheter closure of XXXX : initial clinical applications].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['instances of failure and complications']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute failure']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defects', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defects']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Experimental studies in @entity19 have attributed T-helper (Th) 1 and @entity61 cells important roles in @entity731 , but the clinical importance of these cells in @entity65 ( @entity65 ) remains to be clarified. Here, we investigated associations between @entity1198 and @entity61 cells, carotid intima-media thickness, and cardiovascular risk. METHODS AND RESULTS: Blood drawn at baseline and incident cardiovascular events during 15-year follow-up were assessed in 700 @entity1 . Baseline @entity1198 (CD3(+)CD4(+)interferon-y(+)) and @entity61 (CD3(+)CD4(+) @entity3646 (+)) cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, and cytokine-release from activated mononuclear leukocytes was measured by multiplex technology. High numbers of @entity61 cells were independently associated with decreased mean common carotid intima-media thickness. High numbers of @entity61 cells were also independently associated with a reduced risk of acute @entity583 in @entity1 (hazard ratio, 0.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.06-0.56; P=0.002 for the highest versus the lowest tertile of @entity61 cells). Moreover, release of the @entity61 cytokine @entity3646 from activated mononuclear leukocytes was independently associated with a reduced risk of @entity65 . No independent associations between @entity1198 cells and carotid intima-media thickness or @entity65 risk were found. CONCLUSIONS: Our observations provide the first clinical evidence for a protective role of @entity61 immunity in @entity65 . They also suggest this protection is more prominent in @entity1 than in @entity1 . In spite of convincing evidence from experimental studies, we found no support for a role of @entity1198 immunity in @entity65 .

title: T-helper 2 immunity is associated with reduced risk of XXXX and stroke.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'men', 'women']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Classically, inadequate arterial inflow, diseased runoff, and poor bypass conduit quality have all been cited as causes of infrainguinal vein graft failure. To examine the role of @entity177 as a specific cause of vein graft @entity715 , we prospectively analyzed 450 consecutive infrainguinal vascular reconstructions by means of a strict duplex scan surveillance protocol at three teaching institutions from 1986 to 1993. Sixteen incidences of @entity177 (11 occlusions and five high-grade stenoses) above previously placed infrainguinal vein grafts were identified in 14 @entity1 and confirmed by arteriography. Despite these inflow failures, all 14 autogenous vein infrainguinal reconstructions remained patent on arteriography. These inflow failures were observed from 2 to 72 months (mean 16 months) after infrainguinal reconstruction. Immediate successful inflow repair was performed in 13 of the 16 failures. Conversely, among 450 grafts followed, 37 acute graft occlusions occurred-all with arteriographically or noninvasively documented normal inflow. Thus no graft in the series has yet failed as a result of @entity432 (mean follow-up 22 months; range 1 to 78 months). We thus conclude that properly constructed infrainguinal saphenous vein bypass grafts with an intact endothelium often remain patent through low-flow collateral vessels despite total arterial @entity432 . These data thus challenge the premise that arterial @entity66 is a major cause of @entity2994 .

title: Does XXXX cause distal vein graft @entity715 ? A prospective analysis of 450 infrainguinal vascular reconstructions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['inflow disease']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['infrainguinal vein bypass occlusion']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['arterial inflow failure']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['inflow occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['arterial inflow failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cryptomenorrhea at menarche is commonly due to @entity55689 . Uterine @entity155 due to blunt @entity530 is a very rare cause of cryptomenorrhea. But so far no case of uterine @entity155 has been reported due to a childhood @entity130 without pelvic @entity174 . CASE: A 15-year-old young @entity1 was evaluated for delayed menarche and the diagnosis of @entity15111 with obstruction at the level of internal cervical os was made on radiological examination. Detailed history revealed significant childhood blunt @entity530 when at the age of 3 years she was run over by a tractor. But the presence or absence of pelvic @entity174 was never documented as no radiographs were obtained. On abdominopelvic exploration cervix was well formed. Uterine body was found to be separated from the supravaginal cervix and there was a peritoneal window in between. During surgery @entity15111 was drained and the continuity of the uterine outflow tract was restored. Post surgery @entity1 started having normal periods. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS: Though very rare, uterine @entity155 during @entity530 may cause cryptomenorrhea. Therefore such history should be sought in all cases of obstruction of the cervical canal because cryptomenorrhea has a much better prognosis than cervical @entity154 .

title: Uterine XXXX : a rare cause of cryptomenorrhea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic trauma']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

entities_list: @entity55689 :: ('MESH:C537155', 'Disease') :: ['mullerian duct anomalies']

entities_list: @entity15111 :: ('MESH:D006409', 'Disease') :: ['hematometra']

answer: @entity155 :: (MESH:D014084,Disease) :: ['avulsion']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: @entity715 ( @entity715 ) is a rare, but serious, complication of heart valve replacement with a mechanical substitute. Herein is presented the authors' surgical experience of 18 @entity1 with @entity715 . METHODS: A total of 1,584 heart valve operations was performed in 1,365 @entity1 at the authors' institution between June 1995 and September 2005. Surgical reports of prosthetic valve reoperations over the same period were screened. Preoperative, operative and postoperative data were collected from the @entity1 cohorts. RESULTS: Since July 1997, 18 @entity1 (12 females, six males; mean age 35.9 +/- 11.3 years; range: 22-60 years) presented with @entity715 . The subtherapeutic anticoagulation level was the major etiologic factor involved in the pathogenesis of @entity715 . @entity715 occurred in the mitral position in 14 @entity1 (78%), and in the aortic position in four (22%). All mechanical valves implanted were bileaflet (1,097 St. Jude Medical, 324 CarboMedics, and 163 Sorin). The mean duration from valve replacement to @entity715 was 48.3 +/- 15.4 months. The majority of @entity1 presented with poor functional status (56% in NYHA class IV) and poor anticoagulation (INR < or = 2 in 72% of cases). Valve re-replacement was performed for all @entity1 . The 30-day mortality was 16.7%. CONCLUSION: @entity715 is a potentially fatal complication of heart valve replacement. These acceptable results suggest that early surgical intervention might be a safe and effective treatment of choice in @entity1 with @entity715 . @entity1 with mechanical valve prostheses should be informed adequately about the need for, and the importance of, an effective anticoagulation regimen.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX : ten years' experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Prosthetic valve thrombosis', 'PVT', 'Thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['prosthetic valve thrombosis']


abstract: Recent findings suggest that the ovarian renin-angiotensin system may regulate ovarian function through the paracrine/autocrine actions of angiotensin II ( @entity43568 II). In this study, we have examined and characterized the local effects of @entity43568 II as a luteolytic factor and its interaction with @entity3774 (PGF2alpha) and @entity40612 ( @entity40612 ) in the @entity291 corpus luteum (CL) of the mid-luteal phase, by using an in vitro @entity262 ( @entity262 ). @entity43568 II was detected in the @entity262 perfusate (4 pg/ml), and infusion of PGF2alpha (10(-6) M) for 2 h increased the @entity43568 II release by 50-100% during the following experimental period, in addition to its stimulation of @entity40612 release. Two 2-h infusions of @entity43568 II (10(-7)-10(-5) M) separated by a 2-h interval induced a dose- and time-dependent decrease of @entity1420 (P4) release by 41-66%. When the luteal explants were pre-perfused with PGF2alpha (10(-6) M) for 2 h, two consecutive perfusions of @entity43568 II (10(-6) M) at a 2-h interval rapidly reduced the P4 release (by 50%). This reduction occurred 6 h earlier than those of infusions of PGF2alpha or @entity43568 II alone. The simultaneous infusion of either 1) @entity43568 II (10(-6) M) with PGF2alpha (10(-6) M), 2) @entity40612 (10(-7) M) with PGF2alpha, or 3) @entity43568 II + @entity40612 with PGF2alpha (10(-6) M) for 2 h also induced a rapid and pronounced (60%) decrease in P4 release. Perfusion with the @entity43568 II antagonist blocked the P4-suppressing activity of @entity43568 II alone or PGF2alpha + @entity43568 II infusion. @entity43568 II stimulated the release of @entity40612 and @entity398 during infusion but inhibited them after infusion. These results show that @entity43568 II is released in the @entity291 midcycle CL in vitro, and this peptide, either alone or together with PGF2alpha, can suppress the release of P4. As PGF2alpha directly stimulated @entity43568 II release, @entity43568 II may influence the critical period for starting the cascade of functional luteolysis in vivo and might lead to structural luteolysis with @entity40612 as a major vasoconstrictor. The overall results suggest that @entity43568 II may have an important role at luteolysis in the @entity291 CL.

title: Angiotensin II interacts with @entity3774 and XXXX as a local luteolytic factor in the @entity291 corpus luteum in vitro.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['microdialysis system', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2alpha']

answer: @entity40612 :: (281137(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['endothelin-1']


abstract: A new group of proteins, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins, has recently been identified and protein sumoylation has been shown to play a major role in various signal transduction pathways. Here, we report that transient @entity2806 induces a marked @entity101 . @entity19 were subjected to 10 mins severe @entity63 followed by 3 or 6 h of reperfusion. Transient @entity2806 induced a massive @entity101 by @entity56166 /3 both in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. @entity56166 /3 conjugation was associated with a decrease in levels of free @entity56166 /3. After @entity63 , protein levels of the SUMO-conjugating enzyme @entity56167 were transiently decreased in the cortex but not in the hippocampus. We also exposed HT22 cells to @entity4250 , a respiratory poison that impairs cytoplasmic function and induces oxidative stress. @entity4250 exposure induced a marked rise in protein sumoylation, implying that impairment of cytoplasmic function and oxidative stress may be involved in the massive post-ischemic activation of SUMO conjugation described here. Sumoylation of transcription factors has been shown to block their activation, with some exceptions such as the heat-shock factor and the @entity519 -responsive factor, where sumoylation blocks their degradation, and the @entity1991 ( @entity1991 ) essential modulator where sumoylation leads to an activation of @entity1991 . Because protein sumoylation is known to be involved in the regulation of various biologic processes, the massive post-ischemic @entity101 may play a critical role in defining the final outcome of neurons exposed to transient @entity63 .

title: Transient XXXX induces a massive @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity4250 :: ('MESH:C015001', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenite', 'Arsenite']

entities_list: @entity1991 :: ('18033(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['nuclear factor-kappaB', 'NF-kappaB']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in protein sumoylation']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['global cerebral ischemia', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['forebrain ischemia', 'ischemia']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['global cerebral ischemia']


abstract: The prognosis following surgical treatment of @entity356 ( @entity356 ) or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) @entity420 remains poor. Although adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy with @entity1487 has been shown to be beneficial, a high rate of distant failure has been reported. Thus, the @entity137 profile and efficacy of an intensified chemo-radiotherapy regimen following complete or near-complete resection of @entity356 was evaluated. @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity356 were eligible for evaluation. Treatment consisted of four cycles of modified @entity11664 : @entity2879 100 mg/m(2), days 1-3; @entity900 27 mg/m(2), days 1-3; and @entity632 40 mg/m(2), day 1; every 21 days, followed by a course of radiotherapy (45 Gy; 1.8 Gy/fr) combined with weekly @entity900 40 mg/m(2). In total, 40 @entity1 were included in the analysis. Median follow-up was 34 months from the onset of chemotherapy. Microscopic stage IV disease and/or R1 resection were found in 11 @entity1 . For these @entity1 , the median progression-free survival was 6.5 months, and overall survival 9.5 months, compared to 25 and 54 months, respectively, for the remaining 29 @entity1 . In the latter subgroup, longer disease-free survival was associated with average dose intensity of >90% for the four cycles of @entity11664 . The predominant grade 3-4 @entity137 during @entity11664 -chemotherapy were hematological adverse events. Nevertheless, the rate of severe @entity1503 reached 60%. There was one @entity137 -related mortality. During the chemo-radiotherapy course, 39% of @entity1 experienced grade 3-4 non-hematologic @entity137 . It was concluded that the high @entity137 rate of this regimen does not justify further evaluation of this postoperative protocol. Chemo-radiotherapy for R1 or pathological microscopic M1 @entity1 does not appear to be justified.

title: Postoperative chemotherapy in @entity356 , consisting of @entity2879 , @entity632 and XXXX , followed by radiotherapy with concomitant @entity900 : A feasibility study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['non-hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma', 'GC']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the laparoscopic abdominal access modifications in @entity1 with @entity15342 undergoing a first stage Fowler-Stephens procedure. STUDY DESIGN: Eleven consecutive @entity1 underwent a transperitoneal laparoscopic bilateral first stage Fowler-Stephens procedure. @entity1 age ranged from 1.5 to 3 years (mean age 2.2 years). In these @entity1 , the floppy abdominal wall required a modified approach with regard to access technique, insufflation pressures, and work port stabilization methods. Duration of the procedures and intraoperative technical challenges encountered were prospectively documented. RESULTS: Mean operative time was 40 minutes (range 30 to 75 minutes), and all procedures were completed without any complications. Forceful insertion of ports was not possible, and all ports were introduced under complete open access. Larger volumes of @entity544 were used in the initial part of our series, when the ports were not sutured to the abdominal wall. An abdominal pressure of 8 mmHg was maintained in all @entity1 and was considered optimal for the procedures. Short laparoscopy instruments (240 mm) were unsuitable for the procedures and had to be replaced by longer instruments (310 mm or 430 mm). CONCLUSIONS: Technical modifications are required to the approach in laparoscopic abdominal access to overcome the challenges posed by the floppy abdominal wall in prune @entity15342 @entity1 . Open access, suture fixation of the optic and work ports, use of threaded sleeve ports, and use of proper length of laparoscopy instruments are valuable modifications to overcome the technical hurdles posed by these @entity1 .

title: Unique features of XXXX in laparoscopic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Patient', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity15342 :: ('MESH:D011535', 'Disease') :: ['prune belly syndrome', 'belly']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity15342 :: (MESH:D011535,Disease) :: ['prune belly syndrome']