abstract: AIM: The @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) is of considerable prognostic relevance, because extended lymph node dissection may not be performed in @entity1 presenting with histologically negative @entity1600 . The aim of the present study was to prove the prognostic value of the @entity1600 -concept in these @entity1 . METHODS: So far the clinical follow-up of 162 @entity1 with histologically proven @entity320 and metastatically uninvolved (negative) @entity1600 was investigated. Histological examination included standard methods (HE-Test) and special histochemical techniques (S-100, HMB-45). All @entity1 underwent clinical examination, ultrasonic diagnosis of the regional lymph nodes, and x-ray of the chest every 3 months. RESULTS: Despite of negative @entity1600 -findings in 8/162 @entity1 @entity3 of the @entity320 were found after a time period of 5-27 months. Three @entity1 presented with recurrence in the previously mapped (negative) @entity1600 -basin. In another case the scintigraphically visualized @entity1600 could not be identified intraoperatively by means of the hand-held gamma probe. One @entity1 showed intransit- @entity3 or skin- @entity3 , respectively; another @entity1 recurred in the scar area. One @entity1 showed @entity6831 (liver) which is not detectable by lymphoscintigraphy; in another @entity1 @entity3 were found outside the primary lymphatic basin (cervical). CONCLUSION: In our @entity1 group 4.9% presented with @entity3 despite negative @entity1600 while published data report up to 11% (observation period 35 months), among them only 3 @entity1 (1.9%) being real concept failures. Our results underline that there is no evidence to change this concept in @entity1 with clinically early stage.

title: [Metastases in @entity320 despite histologically negative XXXX : should the concept be changed?].

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['Sentinel Lymph Node', 'SLN']

entities_list: @entity6831 :: ('MESH:D004673', 'Disease') :: ['hematogenic dissemination']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['sentinel lymph node']


abstract: PURPOSE: The CAPRA ( @entity5 of the Prostate Risk Assessment) score from the University of California, San Francisco provides a new statistical model to predict recurrence-free survival and pathological @entity5 stage after radical prostatectomy. It was originally developed using data from the CaPSURE ( @entity5 of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor) registry. To calculate the score, which ranges from 0 to 10, 5 clinical variables are needed, ie @entity1486 , Gleason sum, clinical @entity5 grade, percentage of positive biopsies and @entity1 age. To date, the only external validation of the CAPRA score has been conducted using the SEARCH (Shared Equal Access Regional @entity5 Hospital) database. The present study uses a German database to contribute to existing validation work and to test transferability of the CAPRA score to a sample that differs fundamentally from the SEARCH sample in terms of clinical features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 1,296 German @entity1 after radical prostatectomy were used for validation. Mean followup was 56.5 (+/-35.4) months. Accuracy of prediction of recurrence-free survival and pathological @entity5 stage with the CAPRA score was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis, proportional hazards regression, logistic regression and graphic representation. RESULTS: For the external validation of the CAPRA score, the underlying clinical variables of our study group were unfavorable compared to the original cohort from the CaPSURE data set. The recurrence-free survival rate decreased after 3 and 5 years from 100% to 97%, respectively, in the CAPRA score 0 to 1 group, and from 44% to 31%, respectively, in the CAPRA score of 7 or higher group. The hazard ratios of a biochemical recurrence @entity307 -group increase were 1.50 (95% CI 1.43-1.56) for the CAPRA sum score, 1.62 (95% CI 1.53-1.71) for the 7-group CAPRA score and 3.52 (95% CI 3.00-4.12) for the 3-group CAPRA score. Concordance indices between 0.78 and 0.81 suggested good predictive accuracy. Of the 5 CAPRA constituents 4 independently predicted recurrence-free survival, ie @entity1486 , Gleason sum, cT stage and percent of positive biopsies. Positive margins occurred in 13.1% of @entity1 with a CAPRA score of 0 to 1 vs 62% of @entity1 with a score of 7 to 10 (p <0.001). Organ confined @entity5 were present in 97.7% of @entity1 with a CAPRA score of 0 to 1 vs 19.3% of those with a score of 7 to 10 (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Despite different clinical features in the present @entity1 cohort and the CaPSURE data set, the accuracy of the CAPRA nomogram in predicting recurrence-free survival was high. These results underscore the effectiveness and the clinical applicability of the CAPRA score which, in addition to @entity1 counseling, may also be used for risk stratification in clinical studies.

title: Validity of the CAPRA score to predict biochemical recurrence-free survival after radical prostatectomy. Results from a european multicenter survey of 1,296 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Enteroaggregative @entity526 coli (EAEC) is increasingly recognized as a diarrhoeal pathogen in developing and industrialized countries. Most EAEC virulence factors thus far described are encoded on virulence plasmid pAA, yet recent completion of the EAEC genome has suggested the presence of additional factors encoded on chromosomal islands. Previous reports have recognized the presence of a type III secretion system (T3SS), designated ETT2, at the glyU locus of prototype @entity32960 , along with possible T3SS effectors at the selC locus. The selC locus was also noted to harbour homologues of @entity11621 regulator HilA and of invasin from Yersinia spp., yet previous publications suggested that these loci may be silent. Here, we show that the genes of the selC locus are present inconsistently among a collection of well-characterized EAEC strains. Notably, however, there was perfect correlation between the presence of hilA-homologue eilA and predicted Yersinia invasin homologue gene eaeX. We hypothesized that if expressed, the putative gene product EilA would contribute to EAEC virulence in part by activation of the T3SS and its effectors. An eilA mutant was constructed in @entity32960 , and complementation was achieved by cloning the eilA gene under control of an @entity4583 -dependent promoter. In this system, we observed expression of at least seven genes to be affected by expression of eilA, either directly or indirectly: selC locus genes eipB, eipC, eipD, eicA and eaeX (renamed here air), as well as glyU ETT2 genes eivF and eivA. Notably, the eilA mutant was shown to be less adherent to epithelial cells in culture and to form less abundant biofilms than the isogenic parent. These effects were recapitulated in the air mutant, suggesting that the predicted outer membrane protein product of the air gene is involved as an accessory adhesin and aggregin of EAEC, coexpressed with the T3SS. Our data suggest that the T3SS of EAEC and presumed effectors located on different chromosomal islands may be coordinately activated by EilA, which also activates the genetically linked high molecular weight bacterial surface protein Air. Contributions of this new putative virulence-related regulon in EAEC may include adherence, aggregation, and as yet uncharacterized roles for the T3SS.

title: EilA, a HilA-like regulator in enteroaggregative XXXX coli.

entities_list: @entity11621 :: ('28901', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella enterica']

entities_list: @entity4583 :: ('MESH:D001089', 'Chemical') :: ['arabinose']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia']


abstract: Cholinergic agonists induce a rhythmical slow activity (RSA) in the in vitro @entity35 hippocampus. RSA consists of bursts of activity separated by quiescent periods (interburst intervals). The activity involves activation of muscarinic receptors; however, the role of other neurotransmitter substances is still controversial. The present study demonstrates that 500 microM @entity1246 , 15 microM @entity750 (5HT), or 20 microM @entity1063 (NE) can alter the pattern of @entity5402 -induced RSA. Application of @entity1246 , 5HT, or NE increases interburst interval; 5HT and NE also increase burst length. Total power of RSA is decreased by @entity1246 and 5HT but increased by NE. None of the three receptor agonists alters RSA frequency. The pattern of RSA is also dependent upon @entity5402 concentration: low concentrations (0.5 and 1 microM) produce only population spikes, whereas concentrations of 3 to 100 microM produce burst activity (50 microM is optimal for the generation of RSA). Burst length and peak frequency of RSA are enhanced with increasing concentrations of @entity5402 , whereas interburst interval is decreased. The results illustrate that the pattern of RSA is not only dependent upon @entity5402 concentration but can be modulated by @entity1246 , 5HT, and NE. This suggests that more than one neurotransmitter system contributes to the production and modulation of RSA.

title: Evidence that @entity1246 , XXXX , and @entity1063 are involved in the modulation of in vitro rhythmical activity in @entity35 hippocampal slices.

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: The results of our recent investigations on the expression and distribution of acetylcholinesterase (EC. 3.1.1.7, @entity10810 ) in the experimental model of the in vitro innervated @entity1 muscle are summarized and discussed here. This is the only model allowing studies on @entity10810 expression at all stages of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) formation in the @entity1 muscle. Since it consists not only of the motor neurons and myotubes but also of glial cells, which are essential for the normal development of the motor neurons, NMJs become functional and differentiated in this system. We followed @entity10810 expression at various stages of the NMJ formation and in the context of other events characteristic for this process. Neuronal and muscular part were analysed at both, mRNA and mature enzyme level. @entity10810 is expressed in motor neurons and skeletal muscle at the earliest stages of their development, long before NMJ starts to form and @entity10810 begins to act as a cholinergic component. Temporal pattern of @entity10810 mRNA expression in motor neurons is similar to the pattern of mRNA encoding synaptogenetic variant of agrin. There are no @entity10810 accummulations at the NMJ at the early stage of its formation, when immature clusters of nicotinic receptors are formed at the neuromuscular contacts and when occasional NMJ-mediated contractions are already observed. The transformation from immature, bouton-like neuromuscular contacts into differentiated NMJs with mature, compact receptor clusters, myonuclear accumulations and dense @entity10810 patches begins at the time when basal lamina starts to form in the synaptic cleft. Our observations support the concept that basal lamina formation is the essential event in the transformation of immature neuromuscular contact into differentiated NMJ, with the accumulation of not only muscular but also neuronal @entity10810 in the synaptic cleft.

title: Expression and distribution of acetylcholinesterase among the cellular components of the neuromuscular junction formed in XXXX myotube in vitro.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 @entity15609 viruses 1 through 3 ( @entity44892 -3) are important causes of @entity1729 in young @entity1 . This study sought to provide current estimates of @entity44892 -3-associated hospitalizations among US @entity1 . METHODS: Hospitalizations for @entity5924 , @entity3617 , croup and @entity55 among @entity1 age <5 years were determined for the years 1979 through 1997 using the National Hospital Discharge Survey. Average annual hospitalizations during the last 4 years of the study for each of these four diseases were multiplied by the proportions of each disease associated with @entity44892 -3 infection (as previously reported in hospital-based studies) to estimate hospitalizations potentially associated with @entity44892 -3 infections. Seasonal trends in @entity44892 -3-associated hospitalizations were compared with HPIV detections in the National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System, which prospectively monitors respiratory viral detections throughout the United States. RESULTS: The proportions of hospitalizations associated with @entity281 for each disease varied widely in the 6 hospital-based studies we selected. Consequently our annual estimated rates of hospitalization were broad: @entity44892 , 0.32 to 1.59 per 1,000 @entity1 ; @entity38545 , 0.10 to 0.86 per 1,000 @entity1 ; and @entity44893 , 0.48 to 2.6 per 1,000 @entity1 . Based on these data @entity44892 may account for 5,800 to 28,900 annual hospitalizations; @entity38545 for 1,800 to 15,600 hospitalizations; and @entity44893 for 8,700 to 52,000 hospitalizations. CONCLUSIONS: We provide broad, serotype-specific estimates of US childhood hospitalizations associated with @entity281 . More precise estimates of @entity580 would require large prospective studies of @entity66 by more sensitive viral testing methods, such as polymerase chain reaction techniques.

title: @entity1 @entity15609 virus-associated hospitalizations among XXXX less than five years of age in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['HPIV-associated diseases']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity15609 :: ('MESH:D018184', 'Disease') :: ['parainfluenza']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HPIV infection', 'HPIV infections']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['HPIV-associated hospitalizations']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The clinical records of adult @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity1381 were retrospectively reviewed with the aim of evaluating the long-term outcome of renal function. The setting is the Italian Registry of @entity2142 , with which 13 Nephrology Centers have participated. Clinical and laboratory data of 43 @entity1 with @entity1381 were evaluated. The mean age at onset was 34.3 +/- 18.3 yr. @entity1 and @entity1 were equally affected. No seasonal trend in presentation was observed. In 20 @entity1 , @entity1381 was primitive, whereas in 23, it was associated with another disease ( @entity5 , @entity1468 , malignant @entity101 , vasculitides). Gastrointestinal symptoms were the most frequently observed prodromes. Thirty (70%) @entity1 required dialysis during the acute phase of the disease. Six @entity1 died during the acute phase of the disease, and one died later after discharge (overall mortality, 16%). After 1 yr of follow-up, 11 (26%) @entity1 had recovered a normal renal function, 14 (33%) had @entity101 and/or @entity177 , and 11 (26%) were on regular dialysis. When prognostic factors of survival and recovery of renal function were considered, it was found that older age was associated with higher mortality in the acute phase, whereas severe renal involvement at the onset of the disease (as expressed by elevated serum @entity1011 ) was associated with a long-term unfavorable prognosis.

title: Renal function at hospital admission as a prognostic factor in adult @entity1381 . The Italian Registry of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1381 :: (MESH:D006463,Disease) :: ['Haemolytic Uremic Syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The utility of a @entity75 classification using an @entity31181 MRI sequence in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ) was examined. Clinical and @entity75 classification measures of @entity131 severity were used to predict neurological and functional outcome after @entity131 . METHODS: One hundred and six @entity1 , aged 4 to 19, with moderate to severe @entity131 admitted to a rehabilitation unit had an @entity31181 MRI sequence obtained 3 months afterTBI. Acquired images were analyzed for location, number, and size of lesions. The Glasgow @entity772 scale (GCS) was the clinical indicator of severity. The deepest lesion present was used for @entity75 classification. Speed of injury was inferred from the @entity130 . The disability rating scale at the time of discharge from the rehabilitation unit ( @entity26269 ) and at 1 year follow up ( @entity22222 ) were functional outcome measures. RESULTS: The @entity75 classification was significantly correlated with GCS severity, number of lesions, and both functional measures, @entity26269 and @entity22222 . This result was more robust for time 1, probably due to the greater number of psychosocial factors impacting on functioning at time 2. Lesion volume was not correlated with the @entity75 model. In multivariate models, @entity75 was most predictive of @entity26269 , whereas GCS was most predictive of @entity22222 . CONCLUSIONS: A @entity75 classification of @entity131 severity may have clinical utility in predicting functional outcome in @entity1 and adolescents with moderate to severe @entity131 .

title: Depth of lesion model in @entity1 and adolescents with moderate to severe @entity131 : use of XXXX MRI to predict severity and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['depth of lesion']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['type of injury']

answer: @entity31181 :: (9446,Gene) :: ['SPGR']


abstract: We have mapped the specificity of 28 monoclonal IgM rheumatoid factors (RFs) produced by heterohybridomas derived from five healthy blood donors immunized with mismatched @entity1 red blood cells ( @entity19758 ). The @entity19758 -RFs did not differ in their binding specificity for IgG epitopes from RFs that we previously analyzed from @entity1 with Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 . However, IgM RFs produced by @entity19758 differed in their specificity for IgG compared with RFs expressed by @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). Only 1 of 28 @entity19758 -RFs bound all IgG subclasses (pan binding pattern) compared with 7 of 19 @entity309 (p = 0.006). Three @entity19758 -RFs bound @entity3172 compared with 9 @entity309 (p = 0.007). Fine specificity differences were also identified between @entity19758 - and @entity309 . Therefore, some @entity309 show novel specificities for IgG not found among RFs from @entity19758 or individuals with Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 who do not have @entity2720 . These Abs with unique specificities may represent disease-specific autoantibodies in @entity1 with @entity309 . Nine of the @entity19758 -RFs from the same individual were clonally related, and several contained somatic mutations. Even when the clonally related @entity19758 -RFs were considered as one RF for comparison, the reactivity of the @entity19758 -RFs differed significantly from @entity309 in their inability to recognize all IgG subclasses (p = 0.044) and recognize @entity3172 (p = 0.041). Interestingly, among the clonally related RFs, considerable differences in the specificity for IgG were also observed, with the RF containing the most somatic mutations in VH and @entity10389 showing the most distinctive specificity changes. Therefore, these studies also demonstrate a correlation between somatic mutation and binding specificity.

title: Mapping IgG epitopes bound by rheumatoid factors from immunized controls identifies disease-specific rheumatoid factors produced by XXXX with @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint disease']

entities_list: @entity8057 :: ('MESH:D008258', 'Disease') :: ['macroglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['RA-RFs', 'rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity347 psychoses are caused by a variety of disorders. In general, they are due to diffuse dysfunction of the brain without any specific anatomical basis, but they may be modified by disorders of some distinct neuronal systems as a result of local accentuation of a dissuse morbid process or localized @entity75 . Acute @entity914 are usually caused by disorders of the blood-brain barrier ( @entity4 ), acute @entity528 of disorders of synaptic transmission. @entity697 may be reversible or terminate in stationary defective states or progressive @entity528 . In late stages, the anatomical sequelae of the basic process and of secondary lesions are hardly to be separated. The non-specificity and inconsistency of @entity75 is demonstrated in chronic @entity55074 . In senile @entity914 there are quantitative correlations between psychopathological, neurophysiological (slowing of the basic rhythm) and morphological changes, mainly characterized by loss of neurons and synaptic contacts. @entity455 are often over-diagnosed clinically. Localized mental syndromes are non-specific, but show characteristic locations, as they are commonly associated with dysfunction of neuronal systems engaged in storing and recall of information (frontobasal region and limbic system). Further detailed studies are needed in order to achieve better correlation between specific features of behavioural and intellectual defects and anatomical location and quantitiy of lesions.

title: [Morphological aspects of XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute lesions']

entities_list: @entity55074 :: ('MESH:D011604', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic psychoses']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular syndromes']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions', 'brain damage']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral oedema']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['organic psychoses']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal degeneration', 'neuronal dysfunction']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['organic brain syndromes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the ability of bacterial lipopolysaccharide delivered by the intra-uterine route to cause uterine contractions in @entity95 , and to assess the suppressive effect of urinary trypsin inhibitor on them. METHODS: Both pregnant and non-pregnant @entity95 were chronically implanted with a force-transducer to make it possible to record isometric uterine contractions under unanesthetized and unrestrained conditions. Lipopolysaccharide (10 micrograms/animal) was administered via a catheter to their uteri; and then, after confirmation of lipopolysaccharide-induced uterine contractions, urinary trypsin inhibitor (3,000 or 10,000 units/animal/time) or saline solution was injected through the catheter, 5 times for pregnant animals or 3 times for non-pregnant animals at 1-hour intervals in both cases. Their uterine contractions were continuously recorded for 3 to 5 hours. Effects of lipopolysaccharide (10 micrograms/ml) and urinary trypsin inhibitor (100 and 1,000 units/ml) on the contraction of isolated uteri from pregnant @entity19 were also measured, as was their production of @entity1421 and @entity3774 by an enzyme immunoassay method. RESULTS: Lipopolysaccharide augmented the in situ uterine contractions in both pregnant and non-pregnant @entity95 , as well as the in vitro contractions of isolated uteri from pregnant @entity19 . @entity17296 also increased the uterine @entity3009 production. Urinary trypsin inhibitor inhibited significantly the lipopolysaccharide-induced uterine contractions and the @entity3009 production. CONCLUSIONS: Lipopolysaccharide enhanced uterine contractions through, at least partly, a direct mechanism via uterine @entity3009 production, which action could explain the onset of @entity3152 due to intrauterine @entity2348 . As urinary trypsin inhibitor suppressed the lipopolysaccharide-induced uterine contractions, this inhibitor may be a hopeful candidate of a drug for prevention of @entity3152 .

title: Ability of intrauterine bacterial lipopolysaccharide to cause in situ uterine contractions in pregnant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity17296 :: ('CHEBI:16412', 'Chemical') :: ['Lipopolysaccharide']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2 alpha']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: University of Wisconsin (UW) and Eurocollins (EC) solutions are widely used for preservation of organs before transplantation. However, effect of storage solutions on vascular interface for transplant success is not known. In this study, we have used @entity35 aorta as a model and assessed the effects of cold storage in UW and EC solutions on smooth muscle and endothelial function and the morphology. Smooth muscle and endothelial functions of the @entity35 aorta were assessed using in vitro isometric tension measurement. Morphologic studies were done with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. No significant difference in contractile response to either @entity1063 (NE) or @entity4337 was observed between control aorta and aorta stored in UW solution for 1 hr or 24 hr. In contrast, sensitivity, but not the reactivity to NE and @entity4338 , was increased in aorta stored in EC solution for 1 hr. If the tissues were stored in EC solution for 24 hr, both sensitivity and reactivity to NE and @entity4338 were significantly reduced. Relaxatory response to @entity934 , in endothelium-intact vessels were reduced in aortas stored in EC solution, but not in UW solution. The magnitude of relaxations observed in tissues stored in the EC solution for 24 hr was less than in tissues stored for 1 hr. @entity1854 elicited similar relaxatory response in endothelium-denuded control tissue and in tissues stored in UW and EC solution. Electron microscopy data revealed marked swelling of the cell, loss of mitochondria and other intracellular organelles, and striking @entity460 deposits after preservation of the vessels in EC for 1 or 24 hr. In aorta stored in UW solution for 24 hr, endothelial and smooth muscle cells were intact, with moderate-size vacuoles in the cytoplasm. These results suggest that the UW solution is more suitable than EC solution for short-term preoperative storage of blood vessels.

title: Functional and morphological assessment of XXXX aorta stored in University of Wisconsin and Eurocollins solutions.

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chloride']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity170 is a @entity209 characterized by reduced bone mass, changes in microarchitecture, and consequential increased fracture risk. Previous reports described a relationship between bone content with fat mass and lean body mass. In this study, we assessed @entity170 risk factors and the association with somatotypes in males aged 45-65 years. METHODS: Standard axial spine and proximal femur @entity79 ( @entity79 ) were measured using dual x-ray (DXA) absorptiometry in 70 healthy @entity1 . Heath-Carter procedure was followed to assess individual's somatotype. RESULTS: All body types were grouped as endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy. Moderate to weak correlations were found between lumbar @entity79 with endomorphy and mesomorphy. Negative correlation was found between lumbar @entity79 and ectomorphy. Total femur @entity79 correlated positively with endomorphy and mesomorphy and negatively correlated with ectomorphy. Body mass index correlated weakly with lumbar, femur neck, and total femur @entity79 . Multiple regression analysis revealed that endomorphy was significantly related to @entity79 measurements at lumbar spine (standardized coefficient, SC = 0.51, p = 0.001), femur neck (SC = 0.52, p = 0.001), and total femur @entity79 (SC = 0.41, p = 0.01). Lumbar @entity79 and age, hand grip strength, smoking, tea and coffee consumption, calorie expenditure, @entity460 intake, @entity461 , albumin, total protein, sex hormone-binding globulin, and @entity251 were not significantly correlated. CONCLUSIONS: Endomorphy seems related to high @entity79 values at the lumbar spine and the proximal femur in middle-aged @entity1 . Somatotype together with daily calorie expenditure may be taken into account when assessing risk factors for male @entity170 .

title: XXXX factors and association with somatotypes in males.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['systemic and metabolic skeletal disease']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis risk']


abstract: The aim of this work was to compare the action of recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH) and urinary FSH (uFSH). Moreover we aimed to compare the secretory efficiency of continuous versus pulsatile stimulation by rFSH in superfused @entity1 luteal cells. @entity1420 concentration was measured in culture medium by radioimmunoassay. Action of rFSH and uFSH was compared in static cultures of @entity1 granulosa cells at doses of 0.001-10 IU/ml. The secretory efficiency of both rFSH and uFSH was found to be similar in a defined range of concentrations (0.001-0.3 IU/ml). At concentrations of 1 and 10 IU/ml, the action of uFSH was significantly more potent than rFSH, up to 139% (P < 0.01) and 133% (P < 0.01) respectively. A concentration of 0.3 IU/ml of rFSH was most potent in static cultures, and evoked @entity1420 release up to 80 mg/ml. For a stimulation period of up to 4 h, the action of rFSH and uFSH in @entity1 granulosa cells was time-dependent and differences between them were not significant. Irregularities were observed at > 4 h stimulation time. In another experiment, in superfused @entity1 granulosa cells, we showed that the stimulatory effectiveness of pulsatile rFSH administration (time interval 60 min, application time 10 min) was greater for @entity1420 release (3973 ng of @entity1420 /1 IU rFSH) than was continuous administration (848 ng of @entity1420 /1 IU rFSH). In conclusion, the secretory action of rFSH is similar to that of uFSH for defined times and doses. Moreover, pulsatile rFSH administration is more efficient at stimulating the release of @entity1420 than continuous administration.

title: Action of recombinant follicle stimulating hormone in superfused XXXX granulosa cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['Progesterone', 'progesterone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress and @entity32 are associated with the development of @entity29 such as @entity3166 . We tested the hypothesis that probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics (a combination of pre- and probiotics) is effective for prevention of inflammatory responses to formula-feeding in the terminal ileum of neonatal @entity35 . METHODS: Neonatal @entity35 were exposed to @entity871 / @entity519 during which they were either maternally-fed or hand-fed with formula supplemented with probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics. A non-supplemented formula group served as controls. Cytokines and genes associated with oxidative stress and toll-like receptor signaling were determined in the terminal ileum. Data were compared to room air littermates. RESULTS: Exposure to @entity871 / @entity519 reduced growth accretion in maternally-fed pups. NEC-like symptoms and intestinal inflammatory markers were induced with formula feeding. Supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics decreased proinflammatory cytokines and downregulated genes involved in oxidative stress and toll-like receptor pathways, however, the effect was attenuated in @entity871 / @entity519 . CONCLUSIONS: The combination of suboptimal nutrition due to removal of breast milk and formula feeding with @entity871 / @entity519 may increase susceptibility to oxidative stress, @entity32 , and NEC. Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics are protective against oxidative stress and @entity32 , but their efficacy may be reduced when administered during @entity871 / @entity519 insults.

title: Cytokines and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways in the terminal ileum of @entity519 /hyperoxic neonatal XXXX : benefits of probiotics supplementation.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Although @entity453 is considered to have several etiologic factors there is little doubt that elevated plasmatic @entity165 level is the main one. The present study was carried out because of the lack of information concerning @entity165 , lipoproteins and @entity1674 levels in the coronary population in Argentina. @entity1 were selected on the basis of a demonstrated @entity453 , detected either by an abnormal coronary arteriogram or a documented @entity583 . Total seric @entity165 (TC), low density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) and @entity1674 (TG) were determined in a core laboratory. Blood samples were obtained after a 12 hour fasting period. LDL-C was also calculated by the Friedewald formula. @entity1 were stratified according to sex, age, having or not @entity583 , type (Q or non Q wave) and localization of @entity583 . A total of 653 @entity1 were included. The mean values obtained were: TC 227 +/- 1.8 mg/dL; LDL-C 153 +/- 1.8 mg/dL; HDL-C 48 +/- 0.4 mg/dL and TG 180 +/- 3.6 mg/dL (expressed as mean +/- SE). Mean values in the male and female subsets are given in Table 1. In @entity1 , TC, LDL-C and HDL-C are significantly higher than in @entity1 . @entity165 values according to age are displayed in Table 3. Young @entity1 have higher TC and LDL-C mean values than older ones. Different @entity165 levels were not observed when the coronary population in our study was stratified according to the presence or not of previous @entity583 (Table 4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [National study of lipids in coronary XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Young growing animals appear to have significantly reduced "nutritional to short periods of unstressed starvation compared with adults, with resultant growth arrest and/or @entity194 of diaphragm (Dia) muscle fibers. The aim of this study was to assess in an adolescent @entity35 model of acute @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ; 72 h) the impact of insulin-like growth factor I ( @entity2135 ), with or without added @entity11249 ( @entity11249 ), on the cross-sectional areas (CSA) of individual Dia muscle fibers. Five groups were studied: 1) control (Ctr); 2) @entity1949 ; 3) @entity1949 given @entity2135 ( @entity1949 / @entity2135 ); 4) @entity1949 given GH ( @entity1949 /GH); and 5) @entity1949 given a combination of @entity2135 and @entity11249 ( @entity1949 / @entity2135 / @entity11249 ). @entity2135 was given by a subcutaneously implanted osmotic minipump (200 microg/day), whereas @entity11249 was administered twice daily by a subcutaneous injection (250 microg every 12 h). Isometric contractile and fatigue properties of the Dia were determined in vitro. Forces were normalized for muscle CSA (i.e., specific force). Dia fiber type proportions were determined histochemically, and fiber CSA was quantified by using a computer-based image-processing system. Total serum @entity2135 concentrations were significantly reduced in @entity1949 and @entity1949 / @entity11249 animals, compared with Ctr, and elevated in the groups receiving @entity2135 . The provision of growth factors did not alter the contractile or fatigue properties of @entity1949 animals. Dia fiber type proportions were similar among the groups. In @entity1949 animals, there was a significant reduction in the CSA of types I, IIa, IIx, and IIc Dia fibers compared with Ctr. The administration of @entity2135 alone or in combination with @entity11249 to @entity1949 animals significantly diminished the reduction in Dia fiber size. @entity11249 alone had no effect on Dia fiber size in @entity1949 animals. We conclude that with acute @entity1949 the peripheral resistance to the action of @entity11249 appears to be bypassed by the administration of @entity2135 alone or in combination with @entity11249 .

title: Effect of insulin-like growth factor I and/or @entity11249 on diaphragm of malnourished adolescent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['nutritional deprivation', 'ND']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Aloe- @entity33997 (AE) and derivatives may be present as undesired components co-extracted during extraction of plants containing anthraquinonic derivatives for preparation of diacetylrhein. AE is a well-known in vitro mutagen, but up to now it failed to induce any clear in vivo genotoxic activity in the chromosome aberration assay in @entity35 bone marrow or the in vivo/in vitro UDS test in liver. However, the two target organs noted during rodent carcinogenicity studies with danthron and @entity33997 , two other well-known @entity16465 derivatives, are the colon and the kidney. Therefore, the choice of the organs for testing the genotoxicity of AE, i.e. bone marrow and liver, may be considered inadequate to demonstrate a possible in vivo genotoxic activity. In this context, the in vivo @entity19 comet assay was performed on both isolated kidney and colon cells in order to demonstrate a possible organospecific genotoxicity after oral administration of AE. Concurrently, the Ames test and the in vitro micronucleus assay with TK6 @entity1 lymphoblastoid cells were performed in their microscale version both with S9 from @entity14774 -induced @entity409 , and without S9. AE induced primary DNA damage in the liver and in the kidney as observed between 3 and 6h after two oral administrations at 500, 1000 and 2000mg/kg bw, underlining an in vivo genotoxic mechanism of action. Furthermore, AE induced a clear genotoxic activity both in the @entity2491 strains TA1537 and TA98 and in the in vitro micronucleus assay in the absence as well as in the presence of metabolic activation. As no significant variation in the genotoxic activity of AE was noted when using either @entity409 S9-mix, it seems that no quantitatively and/or qualitatively specific renal metabolism occurs. The kidney may be a target organ of AE as it is the major route of excretion. Under such conditions the separation of AE components should take place and the residual content of undesired AE derivatives should be made as low as reasonably achievable. AE present in plant extracts should be considered as an in vivo genotoxin and this property should be taken into account in the risk assessment for @entity1 exposure.

title: Aloe- @entity33997 -induced DNA fragmentation in the XXXX in vivo comet assay.

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver or kidney']

entities_list: @entity16465 :: ('CHEBI:40448', 'Chemical') :: ['anthraquinone']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: AIM: To compare chest digital tomosynthesis (DTS) with digital radiography for the detection of asbestos-related @entity66 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board approved this study and all @entity1 gave informed consent. Forty-five @entity1 with a history of asbestos exposure were examined with DTS and radiography. Low-dose multidetector computed tomography (CT) in the prone position served as the reference. Two observers evaluated all images for the presence of @entity456 and @entity1355 . Interobserver agreement was analysed by using the k statistic. Diagnostic performance of the two imaging methods was compared using McNemar's test. RESULTS: Interobserver agreement regarding DTS findings was moderate to very good (k  =  0.544-0.846) and superior to the radiographic findings (k  =  0.236-1.000). Overall, the diagnostic accuracy of DTS for the lesion detection was significantly better than with radiography (all p  <  0.05, except that for the comparison of diagnostic accuracy of DTS versus radiographic detection of left diaphragmatic plaques and @entity1355 ). DTS was more sensitive than radiography for the detection of @entity1355 (82% versus 27%, p  =  0.031). CONCLUSION: DTS is more accurate than radiography in the detection of @entity456 and more sensitive than radiography in the detection of @entity1355 . Interobserver agreements with respect to the DTS findings were superior to the radiographic findings.

title: Comparison of chest digital tomosynthesis and chest radiography for detection of asbestos-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pleuropulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1355 :: ('MESH:D001195', 'Disease') :: ['asbestosis']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural abnormalities', 'pleural plaques']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['pleuropulmonary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Repetitive periods of @entity2806 result in more severe injury than a single period of @entity63 of similar total duration. We investigated the possibility of prostaglandin mediation of this increased injury by attempting to modify @entity2657 formation with @entity3352 pretreatment. METHODS: Under @entity1508 / @entity3727 anesthesia, groups of gerbils underwent bilateral @entity432 to induce @entity63 . Group I underwent a single 15-minute period of @entity432 . Group II underwent three 5-minute periods of occlusion at hourly intervals. Groups III and IV were similar to groups I and II, respectively, but received 0.2 mg/kg @entity3352 before @entity432 . Cortical and cerebellar water and @entity1372 contents were determined in control animals (n = 6) at time zero and in experimental animals 24, 48, and 72 hours after @entity63 (n = 6-10 gerbils/group at each time point). RESULTS: Cortical water and @entity1372 contents in group II peaked 48 hours after insult (82.15 +/- 0.31% and 420 +/- 14 meq/kg dry wt, respectively) and were significantly higher than control and group I values at both 24 and 48 hours. Cortical water did not change from control in group I animals. @entity3352 pretreatment significantly attenuated increases in water and @entity1372 content seen at 48 hours in gerbils undergoing repetitive @entity63 (peak 80.02 +/- 0.45% and 300 +/- 39 meq/kg dry wt), but did not affect mortality. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3352 @entity4 after repetitive @entity2806 , suggesting that elevations of cyclooxygenase products are responsible, at least in part, for severe @entity2657 following repetitive @entity63 .

title: Effect of @entity3352 on @entity4 following single and repetitive XXXX in the gerbil.

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['forebrain ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['lessens edema']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['carotid occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin', 'Indomethacin']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: (1) To prospectively evaluate the incidence of @entity2790 (IOP) in @entity1 suffering from @entity1596 . (2) To identify the main factors responsible for an increase in the IOP among these @entity1 . METHODS: Two hundred and one @entity1 suffering from @entity1596 were included. Enrolled @entity1 had an initial IOP of 8-18 mmHg. The @entity1 were treated and clinically monitored during a period of 4 years. The IOP was measured at each visit and its changes followed prospectively. All @entity1 were followed up for at least 12 months after enrollment. RESULTS: Twenty-four (12%) of the 201 @entity1 had IOP higher than 24 mmHg at two or more consecutive visits. Of these 24 @entity1 , 19 suffered from @entity1596 and 5 had unilateral disease. Four of the 19 @entity1 with @entity1596 developed a constant IOP higher than 24 mmHg in both eyes, while in 15 @entity1 an IOP higher than 24 mmHg persisted only in one eye. A close association between the increased IOP and the use of @entity288 was found in 18 of the 24 cases (75%). This association was ascertained in 16 of these @entity1 by the decrease in IOP levels on discontinuation of the corticosteroid regimen and the renewed increase IOP was due to @entity616 in three cases (12.5%), to iris and angle neovascularization in two (8.3%), and to the inflammatory process per se in one case only (4.2%). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that a persistent elevation of the IOP in @entity1 suffering from @entity1596 is, in the majority of cases, associated with the use of @entity288 .

title: @entity2790 during treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral uveitis', 'chronic uveitis']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['increased intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary block']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['chronic uveitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The prevalence of @entity565 has been keeping arising with unknown etiology. The cumulative evidence indicates that @entity102 ( @entity102 ) closely relates to @entity565 , but the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. The present study aimed to take insight into the role of Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) in a possible association between @entity102 and @entity565 . METHODS: 38 @entity1 with both @entity102 and @entity565 underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Serum specific IgE and cytokines, clinical symptoms of @entity102 and @entity565 were evaluated before and after the surgery. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated from the @entity1 and cultured. Th2 response of the cultured PBMCs in the presence or absence of specific antigens and SEB was evaluated. RESULTS: Besides the improvement of @entity102 symptoms, amelioration of @entity565 was also observed in the @entity1 with both @entity102 and @entity565 after the sinus surgery. The preoperatively elevated Th2 cytokines, @entity3646 and @entity225 , normalized postoperatively. Th2 response was generated with separated PBMCs in the presence of specific antigens. SEB was required for maintaining Th2 response in these separated PBMCs. CONCLUSION: The present results indicate that a possible link exists between @entity102 and lower airway @entity56 . @entity1244 derived SEB may play a role in sustaining Th2 responses in the low airway @entity56 related to @entity1244 .

title: A possible link between XXXX and lower airway @entity56 : the role of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B.

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis', 'Sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis', 'CRS']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity1244 :: (MESH:D012852,Disease) :: ['sinusitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to: (i) evaluate the effect of amnioinfusion on the latency period in @entity1 with @entity2906 for preterm premature @entity397 , and (ii) to investigate the relationship between changes in the amniotic fluid index and fetal heart rate short-term variability by computerized Hewlett-Packard cardiotocography, longitudinally estimated before and after prophylactic amnioinfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All singleton pregnancies with prolonged premature @entity397 after 25 weeks of gestation and seen at the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ancona (Italy), between January 1994 and June 1995 were included in the study. Transabdominal amnioinfusion with 150-350 ml warmed normal saline (25-50 ml/min) was performed at weekly intervals. Amniotic fluid volume was assessed ultrasonographically by means of the four-quadrant technique on a weekly basis before and after each amnioinfusion, as well as the short-term variability by a Hewlett-Packard computerized cardiotocographic system. RESULTS: 18 @entity1 were enrolled and underwent prophylactic transabdominal amnioinfusion at weekly intervals until delivery. Eighteen controls, who did not undergo prophylactic amnioinfusion, were recruited from our 1992-1993 series and included in the study. The median interval between premature @entity397 and delivery was 3.0 weeks (range 1-8 weeks), with an average delivery age of 33.0 weeks (range 27-36 weeks). The latency period was significantly longer in @entity1 who underwent prophylactic amnioinfusion (mean +/- SD, 4.1 +/- 1.7 weeks) than in controls(1.7 +/- 1.0 weeks; p < 0.001). An increase in both the weekly amniotic fluid index (linear regression analysis r = 0.8, p = 0.03) and the weekly short-term variability (linear regression analysis r = 0.82, p = 0.02) was observed among @entity1 who underwent prophylactic amnioinfusion. A direct relationship was observed between the amniotic fluid index and short-term variability (linear regression analysis r = 0.54, p = 0.04). The mean values of fetal movements recorded by computerized tomography during the 20 min of observation significantly increased after amnioinfusion in comparison with those before it (2.6 +/- 0.9 and 0.9 +/- 0.7 respectively; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The present study has shown a positive effect of prophylactic transabdominal amnioinfusion on the latency period in @entity1 with preterm premature @entity397 and @entity2906 . Among the @entity1 who underwent amnioinfusion, an interesting improvement in fetal heart rate short-term variability was associated with the progressive increase in amniotic fluid volume, as an expression of fetal well-being.

title: Prophylactic transabdominal amnioinfusion in XXXX for preterm premature @entity397 : increase of amniotic fluid index during latency period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of membranes']

entities_list: @entity2906 :: ('MESH:D016104', 'Disease') :: ['oligohydramnios']

answer: @entity2906 :: (MESH:D016104,Disease) :: ['oligohydramnios']


abstract: Experimental pellicles formed on @entity692 (HA) beads from parotid or submandibular saliva promoted the adhesion of @entity6586 JBP cells to a greater extent than did pellicles prepared from buffer, @entity1 plasma, or serum. The nature of the salivary components responsible was studied by the preparation of pellicles from fractions of parotid saliva obtained by chromatography on Trisacryl GF 2000 columns. Two groups of fractions promoted attachment of the organism. Components migrating in the high-molecular-weight mucin fraction were most effective, but a later-eluting fraction also possessed adhesion-promoting activity. Subfractionation of the latter material indicated that the adhesion-promoting activity was associated with the acidic @entity1521 -rich proteins (PRPs). Pellicles prepared from 10-20-micrograms/mL solutions of pure PRP-1 were effective in promoting attachment of @entity6586 JBP cells. @entity18464 was less effective, while @entity1 salivary @entity18462 , @entity2002 , fibronectin, type 1 collagen, and the @entity1472 -terminal tryptic peptide derived from PRP-1 were ineffective. The quantities of 150-residue and 106-residue PRPs and of @entity18462 , which became incorporated into experimental pellicles prepared from saliva, were estimated with use of radiolabeled protein tracers. The data obtained suggest that these proteins compete for similar binding sites on HA, and that their ratios in saliva would therefore influence the quantity of the larger PRPs that become incorporated into the pellicle. Such competition may contribute to the variability observed in the adhesion-promoting activities of different saliva samples.

title: Adsorbed salivary acidic @entity1521 -rich proteins contribute to the adhesion of XXXX JBP to apatitic surfaces.

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans', 'S. mutans']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity6586 :: (1309,Species) :: ['Streptococcus mutans']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate our experience in sigmoid augmentation to manage renal upper tract dilatation and @entity322 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study of the augmentation cystoplasties with sigmoid patch. We analyze clinical, urodinamic and surgical parameters. RESULTS: We have make 30 cistoplasties with a mean age of 10.24 years (3-15 years) with a mean follow up of 8 years (9 months-15 years). The main diagnosis was @entity1494 (63,3%) being the main indication for the augmentation the progressive dilatation of the renal upper tract (43,3%). We associate to the procedure the collocation of an artificial sphinter (30%), Mitrofanoff or ureteral reimplantation. There was no major complication. In the urodinamics, the bladders had low capacity, high pression and low compliance. After surgery, urodinamic parameters improve. During follow up, continence improve with more intermittent clean catheterism (median 4/day). @entity9279 was more common late complication with nor acute abdominal surgical illness nor @entity5 ; 2 @entity1 finished in renal transplantation. Evolution was positive in 66%, and negative in 18,5%. CONCLUSIONS: Sigmoid augmentation cystoplasty is a good technique, that allows urodinamic and continence improvement. The conscience in the importance of intermittent catheterisms reduces the incidence of complications.

title: [Evaluation of urodynamics and continence in XXXX with sigmoids].

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity9279 :: ('MESH:D020347', 'Disease') :: ['Vesical lithiasis']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder augmentations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3951 ( @entity3951 ) antibodies were found in @entity1 with @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) and Japanese @entity36047 ( @entity36047 ). OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical features and investigate anti- @entity3951 antibodies of Japanese @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ), with or without long spinal cord lesions (LCL). METHODS: Anti- @entity3951 antibodies were examined in the sera of 128 consecutive Japanese @entity1 by the immunofluorescence method using @entity3951 transfected cells. RESULTS: The 45 LCL- @entity15 @entity1 included 28 with a long spinal cord lesion extending contiguously over three vertebral segments on sagittal T2 weighted images (long T2 lesion) and 17 with segmental cord @entity194 extending more than three vertebral segments. We identified 25 patients with anti- @entity3951 antibody with LCL and anti- @entity3951 antibody. Anti- @entity3951 antibody was found in 12/17 (70.6%) LCL- @entity15 @entity1 with segmental cord @entity194 , and in 13/28 (46.4%) LCL- @entity15 @entity1 without segmental long cord @entity194 (p = 0.135, Fisher's exact test). Seropositive @entity15 @entity1 with LCL had more relapses than seronegative @entity1 (p = 0.0004, Mann-Whitney U test). 9 @entity1 with @entity36047 were negative for anti- @entity3951 antibody who did not show LCL. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that an anti- @entity3951 antibody is found not only in @entity15 @entity1 with long T2 lesions but also in @entity1 with segmental cord @entity194 extending more than three vertebral segments. It is a marker of LCL- @entity15 showing frequent exacerbations. Japanese @entity36047 cases comprised those that were identical to @entity1652 cases and those that were more closely related to classic @entity15 .

title: @entity3951 antibody in Japanese @entity15 : the presence of optic spinal @entity15 without long spinal cord lesions and anti- XXXX antibody.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['NMO', 'neuromyelitis optica']

entities_list: @entity36047 :: ('MESH:C580329', 'Disease') :: ['optic-spinal multiple sclerosis', 'OSMS']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis', 'MS']

answer: @entity3951 :: (361,Gene) :: ['aquaporin 4']


abstract: An experimental model of chronic @entity788 was induced by a retrograde injection of a viscous solution consisting of zein- @entity3952 - @entity4722 (0.05 ml/100 g body weight) into the @entity35 pancreatic duct. Histologic and biochemical changes were investigated over a period of 6 months after induction of this model. The treated @entity35 gained weight, but pancreatic weight decreased with time. Histologically, the widening of acinar lumen and cellular vacuolization occurred within 24 h at the parenchyma neighboring the small ducts filled with the injected solution. @entity179 , @entity4 , and inflammatory cell infiltration were pronounced 1 week later. Thereafter, duct-like tubular complex formation progressed, and the exocrine tissue exhibited marked @entity194 with irregular @entity82 and fat replacement over a period of 6 months. Pancreatic contents of protein, amylase, DNA, and RNA markedly decreased, as did pancreatic weight, whereas @entity720 content increased. Oral administration of @entity12340 did not affect pancreatic weight and contents of enzyme in this model. Urinary @entity11894 ( @entity11894 ) excretion in the @entity15795 test decreased to 54% at 6 weeks and 22% at 6 months. Although three quarters of pancreatic immunoreactive insulin (IRI) content was lost after 6 months, overt @entity6 did not occur. The results suggest that an obstructive mechanism in the small ducts plays an important role in the genesis and development of chronic @entity788 .

title: Pathophysiologic studies of experimental chronic @entity788 in @entity35 induced by injection of zein- XXXX - @entity4722 solution into the pancreatic duct.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial edema']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['Degenerative parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy of the gland']

entities_list: @entity11894 :: ('MESH:D010129', 'Chemical') :: ['para-aminobenzoic acid', 'PABA']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity3952 :: (MESH:D019301,Chemical) :: ['oleic acid']


abstract: Rhomboid-like proteases cleave membrane-anchored proteins within their transmembrane domains. In apicomplexan parasites substrates include molecules that function in parasite motility and host cell invasion. While two @entity2637 rhomboids, ROM1 and ROM4, have been examined, the roles of the remaining six rhomboids during the @entity311 parasite's life cycle are unknown. We present systematic gene deletion analyses of all eight @entity2637 rhomboid-like proteins as a means to discover stage-specific phenotypes and potential functions in the rodent @entity311 model, @entity2637 . Four rhomboids (ROM4, 6, 7 and 8) are refractory to gene deletion, suggesting an essential role during asexual @entity5 development. In contrast ROM1, 3, 9 and 10 were dispensable for @entity5 development and exhibited no, subtle or severe defects in mosquito or liver development. Parasites lacking ROM9 and ROM10 showed no major phenotypic defects. Parasites lacking ROM1 presented a delay in @entity5 patency following @entity409 , but in contrast to a previous study @entity5 parasites had similar growth and virulence characteristics as wild type parasites. Parasites lacking ROM3 in mosquitoes readily established oocysts but failed to produce sporozoites. ROM3 is the first apicomplexan rhomboid identified to play a vital role in sporogony.

title: Loss-of-function analyses defines vital and redundant functions of the XXXX rhomboid protease family.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['blood stage']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver infection']

entities_list: @entity2637 :: ('5821', 'Species') :: ['P.   berghei', 'Plasmodium']

answer: @entity2637 :: (5821,Species) :: ['Plasmodium']


abstract: The incidence of postoperative @entity1150 in the lower limbs and of @entity1151 has been studied in 49 @entity1 operated upon for gallbladder and @entity1819 . 125I fibrinogen test was performed preoperatively and usually five times postoperatively. Pulmonary scintigraphy was also performed preoperatively and usually twice after the operation. An attempt was made to evaluate the prophylactic effect of Dextran 40. Only one @entity1 developed a @entity1150 without clinical signs. @entity1151 was found in 13 @entity1 , all but one clinically silent. The second postoperative pulmonary scintigraphy showed that the @entity999 had disappeared or diminished in 6 @entity1 . Because of the low number of @entity1 with @entity1150 the prophylactic effect of Dextran 40 could not be assessed. The present investigation showed that the incidence of @entity1150 in the legs was low after operations in the upper part of the abdomen while the incidence of @entity1151 was high. No connection between leg vein @entity715 and @entity1151 could be demonstrated.

title: XXXX and pulmonary embolisn after upper abdominal operations. A prospective study with 125I fibrinogentest and pulmonary scintigraphy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric diseases']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative pulmonary embolism', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Postoperative leg vein thrombosis']


abstract: One of the objectives of symptomatic slow-acting drugs for @entity571 is to reduce the need for drugs with a less favorable safety profile, mainly analgesics and @entity734 ( @entity734 ). We conducted a three-month, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial to evaluate the efficacy of avocado/ @entity1460 unsaponifiables in terms of NSAID use reduction. @entity1 with primary femorotibial or @entity570 ( @entity571 ) (ACR criteria and Kellgren-Lawrence radiological stage IB, II, or III) of at least six months' duration with @entity158 for more than three months requiring therapy with NSAID (visual analog scale score > or = 25 mm and Lequesne's index on therapy > or = 4) were given one capsule per day of avocado/ @entity1460 unsaponifiables or a placebo for three months. During the first 45 days, @entity1 in both groups were also given one of seven predefined @entity734 . The primary efficacy criteria was the rate of @entity1 taking back a NSAID and the delay before re-intake. Secondary efficacy criteria were the total dose of NSAID, overall ratings by the @entity1 and by the physician, the visual analog scale @entity158 score and the functional index. Of the 164 included @entity1 , 163 were evaluable, 80 in the active drug group and 83 in the placebo group. Mean age was 62.9 +/- 8.8 years. The diagnosis was femorotibial @entity571 in 101 @entity1 and hip @entity571 in 62. Data were collected on day 45 in 153 @entity1 (77 on the active drug and 76 on the placebo). The number of @entity1 who took back NSAID therapy was significantly smaller in the group treated by avocado/ @entity1460 unsaponifiables (33; 43.4%) than in the placebo group (53; 69.7%) (P < 0.001). Also, beyond day 54, the time spent off NSAID therapy was shorter in the placebo group. The functional index showed a significantly greater improvement in the active drug group (-2.3 +/- 2.6) than in the placebo group (-1.0 +/- 2.6) (P < 0.01). @entity158 scores over time were similar in the two groups. Overall @entity1 ratings were significantly better in the active drug group (P < 0.01). Safety was oggd in both groups. After six weeks, avocado/ @entity1460 unsaponifiables reduced the need for NSAID in @entity1 with lower limb @entity571 .

title: Efficacy and safety of avocado/ XXXX unsaponifiables in the treatment of symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee and hip. A prospective, multicenter, three-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'regular pain']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['NSAIDs', 'nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['hip osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['soybean']


abstract: @entity8205 in certain anatomic locations can display unusual histopathologic features potentially creating diagnostic uncertainty. Benign @entity8205 in sites such as @entity790 may show unusual architecture and cytologic atypia, which can mimic @entity6349 and, sometimes, @entity320 . Twenty-nine benign melanocytic @entity272 were identified in the thigh of 26 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 who showed atypical histologic features, including both @entity6349 and spitzoid features. All lesions measured less than 1 cm in diameter. Eighteen cases showed features of compound nevi, and 11 were junctional. In all cases, the lesions displayed spitzoid features including large epithelioid and/or spindle cells, some melanocytes with @entity4494 -like cytomorphology, and focal suprabasilar upward migration. All cases showed @entity154 . Clinical follow-up was available in 26 @entity1 ; no recurrences or @entity3 were observed. The demographic features and the anatomical sites of these @entity8205 appear to be reproducible, and in the assessment of histologically difficult cases, these data are helpful. It is our opinion that the malignant potential of these lesions with hybrid patterns (spitzoid/ @entity6349 ) has yet to be determined, and although we favor these lesions to be benign, longer follow-up may yield a more complete understanding of their biologic potential.

title: Atypical melanocytic lesions of the thigh with spitzoid and XXXX : a clinicopathologic study of 29 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic features']

entities_list: @entity8205 :: ('MESH:D009508', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic nevi', 'Melanocytic nevi']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic nevi', 'dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['acral, genital, and flexural areas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['dysplastic features']


abstract: DNA exists predominantly in a duplex form that is preserved via specific base pairing. This base pairing affords a considerable degree of protection against chemical or physical damage and preserves coding potential. However, there are many situations, e.g. during DNA damage and programmed cellular processes such as DNA replication and transcription, in which the DNA duplex is separated into two single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) strands. This ssDNA is vulnerable to attack by nucleases, binding by inappropriate proteins and chemical attack. It is very important to control the generation of ssDNA and protect it when it forms, and for this reason all cellular organisms and many viruses encode a @entity6016 ( @entity6016 ). All known SSBs use an oligosaccharide/oligonucleotide binding (OB)-fold domain for DNA binding. SSBs have multiple roles in binding and sequestering ssDNA, detecting DNA damage, stimulating strand-exchange proteins and helicases, and mediation of protein-protein interactions. Recently two additional @entity1 SSBs have been identified that are more closely related to bacterial and archaeal SSBs. Prior to this it was believed that @entity19564 , was the only @entity1 equivalent of bacterial @entity6016 . @entity19564 is thought to be required for most aspects of DNA metabolism including DNA replication, recombination and repair. This review will discuss in further detail the biological pathways in which @entity1 SSBs function.

title: Multiple XXXX single-stranded DNA binding proteins function in genome maintenance: structural, biochemical and functional analysis.

entities_list: @entity19564 :: ('6117', 'Gene') :: ['RPA', 'replication protein A, RPA']

entities_list: @entity6016 :: ('6741', 'Gene') :: ['SSB', 'ssDNA binding protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The use of anticancer drugs in palliative settings is often limited by their severe toxic effects. In @entity1820 the @entity1487 -based palliative regimen FOLFOX-4 is often preferred to the equally effective, but more convenient oral @entity416 -based regimen XELOX. This preference is mainly based on the fact that the highly effective oral agent @entity416 induces @entity8566 ( @entity8566 ). In this study, we investigated whether the continuous administration of skin prophylaxis (10% @entity1133 , @entity22786 , @entity53042 , @entity904 , C and E) is capable of protecting against @entity416 -induced @entity8566 and allowing a more convenient oral therapeutic option. In this retrospective analysis, the @entity137 profiles, according to NCI CTCAE 3.0 criteria, of 54 @entity1 with @entity1820 who received either XELOX (34 @entity1 ) or FOLFOX-4 (20 @entity1 ) were compared using Fisher tests. The treatment protocols that were compared, herein, did not differ significantly in the majority of the analyzed items, with the exception of increased @entity390 (XELOX-70), fatigue (XELOX-130) and @entity5 pain (XELOX-70 and XELOX-130). No significant differences were observed among the various groups with regard to emesis, @entity294 , @entity33 , @entity1910 , @entity1665 , loss of weight and the incidence of @entity281 . In particular, no significant differences in @entity137 levels occurred in terms of dose, and @entity8566 was limited if skin prophylaxis was performed continuously. XELOX-based palliative regimens provide an equally effective and comparably toxic therapeutic alternative to FOLFOX-4 if @entity8566 prophylaxis is performed continuously. Since the oral administration of @entity416 is a more convenient method of application, it provides @entity1 with a quality of life-preserving therapeutic alternative.

title: Combination therapies with oxaliplatin and oral @entity416 or intravenous XXXX show similar @entity137 profiles in @entity1820 @entity1 if hand-food syndrome prophylaxis is performed continuously.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['exanthema']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity22786 :: ('CHEBI:27373', 'Chemical') :: ['panthenol']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal carcinomas', 'gastrointestinal cancer']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome', 'HFS']

entities_list: @entity53042 :: ('MESH:C004497', 'Chemical') :: ['bisabolol']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-FU']


abstract: Fifty-six globes that had to be enucleated following @entity3739 plaque therapy were examined histopathologically. These eyes account for 10% of all uveal @entity320 treated at the University Eye Clinic Essen up until 1985. All but one revealed at least some supposedly viable @entity5 cells. The most prominent findings within the @entity5 were @entity5 cell @entity39 , vacuolization and balloon cell degeneration, @entity455 and @entity82 of the @entity5 stroma with accumulation of pigmented macrophages. Tumor @entity39 was complete or nearly complete in five cases. Tumor regression correlated with cell type and pigmentary characteristics of the @entity5 , with epithelioid and heavily pigmented @entity5 cells being more radiosensitive. Tumor regression was inhomogeneous, possibly due to polyclonality, with @entity5 cells of varying radiosensitivity, or due to patchy areas of vascular obliteration. Among other ocular structures, extensive @entity5219 , @entity5066 and scarring of the sclera within the field of radiation were observed. Scleral @entity39 was present in only five cases and was limited to areas in which the @entity5 had infiltrated the deep scleral layers. The findings described were considered to reflect radiation injury rather than spontaneous @entity5 regression when compared to 70 control eyes that had been enucleated without prior treatment for @entity2184 .

title: Histopathologic findings in eyes treated with a XXXX plaque for @entity2184 .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular obstruction']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5066 :: ('MESH:C566236', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5219 :: ('MESH:D005911', 'Disease') :: ['subretinal gliosis']

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas']

answer: @entity3739 :: (MESH:D012428,Chemical) :: ['ruthenium']


abstract: The failure of injured axons to regenerate following spinal @entity1566 deprives brain neurons of their normal sources of activation. These @entity130 also result in the reorganization of affected areas of the central nervous system that is thought to drive both the ensuing recovery of function and the formation of maladaptive neuronal circuitry. Better understanding of the physiological consequences of novel synaptic connections produced by injury and the mechanisms that control their formation are important to the development of new successful strategies for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity1566 . Here we discuss the anatomical, physiological and behavioral changes that take place in response to injury-induced plasticity after damage to the dorsal column pathway in @entity35 and monkeys. Complete section of the dorsal columns of the spinal cord at a high cervical level in monkeys and @entity35 interrupts the ascending axon branches of low threshold mechanoreceptor afferents subserving the forelimb and the rest of the lower body. Such lesions render the corresponding part of the somatotopic representation of primary somatosensory cortex totally unresponsive to tactile stimuli. There are also behavioral consequences of the sensory loss, including an impaired use of the hand/forelimb in manipulating small objects. In monkeys, if some of the afferents from the hand remain intact after dorsal column lesions, these remaining afferents extensively reactivate portions of somatosensory cortex formerly representing the hand. This functional reorganization develops over a postoperative period of 1 month, during which hand use rapidly improves. These recoveries appear to be mediated, at least in part, by the sprouting of preserved afferents within the cuneate nucleus of the dorsal column-trigeminal complex. In @entity35 , such functional collateral sprouting has been promoted by the post-lesion digestion of the perineuronal net in the cuneate nucleus. Thus, this and other therapeutic strategies have the potential of enhancing sensorimotor recoveries after @entity1566 in @entity1 .

title: Cortical and subcortical plasticity in the brains of @entity1 , primates, and XXXX after damage to sensory afferents in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries', 'cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: A single cycle of high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell support (HDC) in @entity1 with responsive metastatic @entity0 ( @entity0 ) consistently achieves over 50% complete and near complete response (CR/ @entity14078 ). This significant cytoreduction results in a median event-free survival (EFS) of 8 months, and approximately 20% 3-year and 16% 5-year EFS in selected @entity1 . To improve long-term outcomes, new strategies to treat minimal @entity41 burden are needed. Increased total dose delivered can be achieved with two cycles of HDC. Critical design issues include shortening induction chemotherapy to avoid development of drug resistance and the use of different agents for each HDC cycle. We have determined the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for @entity1311 combined with high-dose melphalan in the context of a double transplant and explored the impact of a short induction phase. Between June 1994 and August 1996, we enrolled 32 @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 on to this phase I double transplant trial. Induction consisted of @entity632 30 mg/m2/day days 1-3 given for 2 cycles every 14 days with G-CSF 5 microg/kg s.c. days 4-12. Stem cell collection was performed by leukapheresis in each cycle when the WBC recovered to above 1000/microl. @entity1 with stable disease or better response to induction were eligible to proceed with HDC. HDC regimen I (TxM) included @entity1311 with dose escalation from 0 to 300 mg/m2 given on day 1 and melphalan 180 mg/m2 in two divided doses given on day 3. HDC regimen II was CTCb ( @entity786 6 g/m2, thiotepa 500 mg/m2, and @entity3003 800 mg/m2 total doses) delivered by 96-h continuous infusion. At the first dose level of 150 mg/m2 @entity1311 by 3 h infusion, four of five @entity1 developed dose-limiting @entity137 consisting of diffuse skin erythema and @entity2478 . Only two of these five completed the second transplant. Subsequently, @entity1311 was delivered by 24-h continuous infusion together with 96 h of @entity619 and @entity112 receptor blockade. This particular @entity137 was not observed again. No @entity137 occurred and dose-limiting @entity137 was not encountered. Three @entity1 were removed from study prior to transplant: one for insurance refusal and two for disease progression. All others completed both cycles of transplant. Complete and near complete response (CR/ @entity14078 ) after completion of therapy was achieved in 23 (72%) of 32 @entity1 . The median EFS is 26 months. The median overall survival has not yet been reached. At a median follow-up of 58 months, EFS and overall survival are 41% and 53%, respectively. This double transplant approach is feasible, safe, and tolerable. Treatment duration is only 14 weeks and eliminates lengthy induction chemotherapy. The observed event-free and overall survivals are promising and are better than expected following a single transplant. Whilst selection biases may in part contribute to this effect, a much larger phase II double transplant trial is warranted in preparation for a potential randomized comparison of standard therapy vs single vs double transplant.

title: A short course of induction chemotherapy followed by two cycles of high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue for chemotherapy naive metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxic deaths']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['capillary leak syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The present study compared the effects of sequential @entity1499 and @entity1487 followed by leucovorin rescue (MFL), as an adjuvant chemotherapy versus a combination of UFT and @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ), on @entity1 survival and recurrence after surgery for @entity14 . METHODOLOGY: Between January 1990 and December 1997, a total of 55 @entity1 with advanced @entity14 were treated postsurgically by adjuvant chemotherapy using MFL or UFT- @entity1139 . Surgical treatment was performed according to standardized procedures for radical resection of @entity14 . The @entity1 were divided into 2 groups after surgery. The MFL regimen consisted of @entity1500 (100 mg/m2) and @entity1487 (600 mg/m2) at hour 24, followed by leucovorin rescue. The UFT- @entity1139 regimen consisted of @entity1139 (12 mg/m2) intraoperatively and @entity1139 (6 mg/m2) every other week after surgery for 2 months, and oral UFT (375 mg/m2/day), a combination of tegafur and @entity5537 in a molar ratio of 1:4, was continued for 3 years or longer depending on the @entity1 tolerance. RESULTS: The overall survival rates after surgery were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the MFL than the UFT- @entity1139 group. Recurrence rates were significantly lower in the MFL than the UFT- @entity1139 group, especially for liver recurrence. Disease-free survival was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the MFL than the UFT- @entity1139 group. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated the superiority of MFL therapy for improving postsurgical survival in @entity1 with advanced @entity14 , in particular those @entity1 with a high risk of recurrence following potential curative resection.

title: Postsurgical sequential methotrexate/ @entity1487 and leucovorin on outpatient basis for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonenzymatic glycation that results in the production of early-glycation Amadori-modified proteins and advanced-glycation end products may be important in the pathogenesis of @entity6 complications. However, the effects of early-glycated proteins, such as glycated serum albumin ( @entity4022 -BSA), are poorly defined. In this study, we investigated the effects of @entity4022 -BSA on reactive @entity26 species (ROS) production by cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cultured neonatal @entity35 cardiomyocytes were incubated with @entity4022 -BSA or vehicle (bovine serum albumin [BSA]) for up to 48 hours. @entity4022 -BSA dose-dependently increased in situ ROS production (whole-cell dichlorodihydrofluorescein fluorescence), with an optimum effect at 400 microg/mL after 24-hour incubation (152+/-10% versus BSA 100%; P<0.01). Treatment with the @entity1110 oxidase inhibitor @entity12824 , a @entity8562 ( @entity8562 ) antisense oligonucleotide ( @entity8562 AS), or the peptide gp91ds-tat significantly reduced @entity4022 -BSA-induced ROS production at 24 hours (68.5+/-2.2%, 61.4+/-8.3%, and 53.2+/-5.4% reduction, respectively). @entity1110 -dependent activity in cell homogenates was also significantly increased by @entity4022 -BSA at 24 hours (161+/-8% versus BSA) and was inhibited by @entity3056 , @entity12824 , NOX2AS, and the protein kinase C inhibitor @entity11009 but not by a @entity842 synthase inhibitor or mitochondrial inhibitors. Furthermore, @entity11009 prevented @entity4022 -BSA-stimulated @entity23415 translocation, an essential step for @entity1110 oxidase activation. @entity4022 -BSA-induced increases in ROS were associated with @entity12824 -inhibitable nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB and an increase in @entity12579 mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4022 -BSA stimulates cardiomyocyte ROS production through a protein kinase C-dependent activation of a @entity8562 -containing @entity1110 oxidase, which results in nuclear factor-kappaB activation and upregulation of @entity12579 mRNA. These findings suggest that early-glycated Amadori products may play a role in the development of @entity299 .

title: Glycated proteins stimulate reactive @entity26 species production in cardiac myocytes: involvement of XXXX ( @entity8562 )-containing @entity1110 oxidase.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity12579 :: ('24602(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['atrial natriuretic factor']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3056 :: ('MESH:C007517', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenyleneiodonium']

entities_list: @entity11009 :: ('MESH:C070515', 'Chemical') :: ['bisindolylmaleimide I']

answer: @entity8562 :: (66021(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Nox2']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Before bifurcation, the sciatic nerve is composed of 2 component nerves encased in a common investing extraneural layer (CIEL). We examined the effect of various volumes injected beneath the CIEL on the success and duration of @entity1930 . METHODS: Ultrasound-guided nerve-stimulator-assisted sciatic nerve blocks were performed on 142 subjects. Subjects were randomized into 14 groups (0.5% @entity1342 or @entity1341 ) with epinephrine 1:300,000 in volumes ranging from 2.5 to 30 mL. @entity616 was defined as a complete @entity3481 at 60 minutes. The minimum threshold current, time to complete block, duration of @entity3481 , @entity282 , and analgesic requirements were recorded. RESULTS: The mean threshold current external to the CIEL was 0.52 (0.15) mA compared to 0.19 (0.09) mA beneath the CIEL (P < 0.001). @entity616 was achieved in 30 of 40 subjects that received 5 mL or less of @entity1342 or @entity1341 compared with 97 of 99 that received 10 mL or greater volume (P = 0.006). Injection volumes greater than or equal to 10 mL produced complete @entity3481 within 30 minutes. Volumes greater than 10 mL did not extend the duration of the sensory or motor block. Injection volumes of 2.5 and 5 mL were associated with delayed onset and @entity616 and a greater fraction of subjects experiencing @entity158 behind the knee. CONCLUSIONS: Injecting 10 mL of 0.5% @entity1341 or @entity1342 below the CIEL produces comparable onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade as volumes as large as 30 mL.

title: A dose-ranging study of 0.5% @entity1341 or @entity1342 on the success and duration of the ultrasound-guided, nerve-stimulator-assisted XXXX : a double-blind, randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3481 :: ('MESH:D015417', 'Disease') :: ['sensory and motor block']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1930 :: ('MESH:D020426', 'Disease') :: ['sciatic nerve block']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['decreased block duration', 'Successful block']

answer: @entity1930 :: (MESH:D020426,Disease) :: ['sciatic nerve block']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was performed to assess the prognostic value of the proposed histopathologic method to evaluate the response of the @entity5 to preoperative chemotherapy in @entity2828 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The response to chemotherapy was evaluated from the specimens of 118 @entity2828 @entity1 , who were preoperatively treated by chemotherapy alone. Responses were graded I to III (macroscopic viable @entity5 , microscopic viable @entity5 , and no viable @entity5 cells, respectively). Follow-up data were available for all @entity1 , with a mean follow-up duration of 86 months (range, 30 to 158). RESULTS: A statistically highly significant difference was observed in outcome among the three groups of @entity1 . For @entity1 with total @entity39 (grade III response), the estimated 5-year disease-free survival rate was 95%, in contrast to 68% for grade II responders and 34% for grade III responders (P < .0001). This difference was also confirmed when any single group was compared with the other groups. Among the parameters tested, @entity1 age and the size of @entity5 had some prognostic value. CONCLUSION: The proposed histopathologic grading, to evaluate the effect of chemotherapy on the @entity5 , had the strongest correlation to clinical outcome. This method could therefore be used to identify @entity1 with a high risk of recurrent disease. These @entity1 could be randomized to receive alternative postoperative treatments to investigate whether more aggressive therapies will improve outcome.

title: Chemotherapy-induced XXXX @entity39 as a prognostic factor in localized @entity2828 of the extremities.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Enteric flora constitutes 95% of the cells in the @entity1 body. It has been shown that the bacterial content of this flora is affected by diet and changes in nutrition. Considering that @entity293 ( @entity293 ) are mostly due to ascending infections from the gut flora, the importance of the elements of this flora and their characteristics becomes more evident. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of oral @entity375 boulardii (S. boulardii) intake on the number of @entity526 (E. coli) colonies in the colon. This study was carried out with 14 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 (total of 24 @entity1 ) aged between 36 and 192 months (mean: 104.3+/-45.1 months). A commercial capsule or powder containing 5 billion colony-forming units (cfu) of S. boulardii was administered once a day for 5 days. The number of @entity526 and @entity375 colonies was measured in the stool samples of the study group before and after the use of this drug. Before treatment, the mean number of @entity526 colonies in g/ml stool was 384,625+/-445,744. This number decreased significantly to 6,283+/-20,283 after treatment (p=0.00). S. boulardii was not detected in stool before treatment and the number of colonies increased to 11,047+/-26,754 in g/ml stool. S. boulardii may be effective in reducing the number of @entity526 colonies in stool. The influence of this finding on clinical practice such as prevention of @entity293 needs to be clarified by further studies.

title: Influence of oral intake of @entity375 boulardii on XXXX in enteric flora.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces', 'yeast']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'UTI']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']