abstract: The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of various fractionation proton boost in the proton-photon radiation therapy of locally advanced @entity263 . The study included 272 @entity1 with @entity263 and intermediate-to-high risk of progression. 114 @entity1 received 3-D conformal local irradiation of the prostate by proton beam 220Mev. The focal dose of 28-28,8 SoGy-eq was fed to the prostate for 8, 5 or 3 fractions for 3, 4 or 5.5 Gy-eq, respectively. Given the photon component (44 Gy in 22 fractions to the whole volume of the pelvis), the dose to the prostate was 72.8., 72 and 72SoGr-eq, respectively. In 158 @entity1 in the control group the similar doses to the pelvis were supplemented by local 4-dipole photon irradiation of the prostate to 68-72 Gy in 12-14 fractions of 2 Gy. @entity137 maximum, 2 St expression, were found significantly less frequently after the proton-photon therapy: in 54.4% of cases, versus 69.2% in the controls (p <0,01). Differences between acute genito-urinary (GU) @entity137 were not observed. The frequency of late GI damage of 2 St. was 3 times less frequently observed in the study group: 10.2% versus 34,8 +/-% in controls. Damages of 3-4 St. were found in 1 @entity1 of the main group and in 2 @entity1 in the control group. GU damages of 2 St. were equally common after the proton-photon or just photon irradiation in 8.3% and 9.1% of @entity1 respectively. Damages of 3-4 St. were diagnosed in 2.8% and 3.8%, respectively (p> 0.05). A 5-year survival without biochemical recurrence was in the study and control groups 60,0 +/- 5,4% and 61,9 +/- 4,4%, and a 9-year survival--45,5 +/- 8,5% and 42,8 +/- 7 1%, respectively (p > 0.05). Thus, precise local irradiation by a proton beam with ROD 3-5.5 Gy-eq. and SOD 28-28,8 Gy-eq supplementing photon irradiation of total small pelvis significantly reduces the severity of early and late post-radiation proctitis but does not reduce the risk of damage to the lower urinary tract and does not influence the anti- @entity5 treatment effectiveness compared to conventional conformal photon radiotherapy. In this case, the proton boost modes: 8 fractions for 3 Gy, 5 fractions for 4 Gy and 3 fractions for 5.5 Gy does not significantly differ in the level of @entity137 .

title: [Options of hypofractionation of proton boost in locally advanced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Acute gastro-intestinal (GI) toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: It is now clearly established that proteolytic enzymes, including plasminogen activator ( @entity2290 ), play an important role in breaking down the extracellular matrix, which is considered to be a step in @entity3 formation. Plasminogen activators are controlled at various levels. Two inhibitors, @entity2289 and @entity10933 , have been identified, the latter being more specific for @entity2290 . In attempts to determine their prognostic value, it is essential to investigate the relative importance of these parameters and their interactions. We used an immunoenzymatic method to assay @entity2290 , @entity2289 and @entity10933 antigens in cytosols prepared from 314 primary @entity0 . The @entity1 were followed up for a minimum of 6 years and all relevant clinical and laboratory findings were recorded. Univariate analysis confirmed the poor outcome of @entity1 whose @entity5 contained large amounts of @entity2290 and @entity2289 . In addition, low levels of @entity10933 correlated with shorter disease-free survival in the overall population (P = 0.02), post-menopausal @entity1 (P = 0.02) and @entity1 without lymph node involvement (P = 0.02). Multivariate analysis in the 'main effects' Cox model identified node involvement, macroscopic @entity5 size and @entity10933 as significant variables. The 'interactive' model, taking into account interactions between @entity2290 and its two inhibitors, identified a first subgroup with a very poor prognosis associating either high levels of @entity2289 with low levels of @entity10933 in the overall population and the @entity1 with no node involvement or high levels of @entity2290 with low levels of @entity10933 in the group of menopausal @entity1 . We conclude that @entity2289 provides the same prognostic information as @entity2290 , and does not appear to play a role as an inhibitor. In contrast, @entity10933 increases the prognostic value of @entity2290 , particularly in post-menopausal @entity1 , and @entity2289 in @entity1 with no node involvement.

title: Prognostic value of urokinase-type plasminogen activator ( @entity2290 ) and plasminogen activator inhibitors @entity2289 and XXXX in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity10933 :: (5055,Gene) :: ['PAI-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: To our knowledge, the effect of the staging regimen on the surgical outcome in @entity1 undergoing combined anterior/posterior surgery for the treatment of @entity85 has not been previously studied. PURPOSE: To compare outcomes of anterior/posterior surgery for adult @entity85 staged less than 21 days apart versus those 21 or more days apart. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective comparison study. @entity1 SAMPLE: @entity1 aged 40 years or older who underwent combined anterior/posterior fusions for @entity85 . OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported measures, physiological measures, and functional measures. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed prospectively collected data for 63 consecutive @entity1 (50 females and 13 males) older than 40 years who underwent combined anterior/posterior fusions for @entity85 and who had a minimum of 2-year follow-up. We divided them into those who had surgery staged less than 21 days apart (Group 1, N=29) and those who had surgery staged 21 or more days apart (Group 2, N=34). The groups were not statistically different in age; preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists, Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) @entity1 questionnaire, and @entity717 Index (ODI) scores; number of previous surgeries; number of levels fused; or total operative time. Hotelling t square test and the chi-squared test were used to compare clinical and radiographic parameters, complications, and functional outcomes between groups (significance, p<.05). RESULTS: Compared with Group 1 @entity1 , Group 2 (staged) @entity1 had a lower total estimated @entity190 (average, 4.5 L [range, 1.90-8.75 L] vs. 4 L [range, 1.8-10.1 L], respectively), fewer combined hospital days (average, 14 days [range, 7-70 days] vs. 12 days [range, 6-44 days], respectively), and fewer major complications (total, 10 [35%] vs. 6 [18%], respectively). Preoperative SRS-22 and ODI scores were significantly better in Group 2 than in Group 1 at 6 weeks (p<.001) and at final follow-up (p<.001), respectively. CONCLUSION: For @entity1 who require both anterior and posterior surgery for @entity85 correction, staging the two procedures 21 or more days apart decreases total perioperative transfusion requirements although significantly improving functional outcomes.

title: The timing of surgical staging has a significant impact on the complications and functional outcomes of adult XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformities', 'spinal deformity']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['spinal deformity']


abstract: Oral absorption of the antihyperglycaemic agent @entity2449 (MF x @entity5828 ) is confined to the upper part of the intestine, therefore controlled-release oral formulations of this drug should ensure a complete release during transit from stomach to jejunum. Compressed matrix tablets based on pH-sensitive @entity968 ( @entity970 )-Eudragit L100 (EUD L) compounds have shown in vitro a compliance with the above requirement. The polymer compounds were prepared by a coevaporation process. The release pattern of MF x @entity5828 from matrices depended on the @entity970 -EUD L ratio in the coevaporate. The 1:1 (w/w) ratio was unable to control MF x @entity5828 release in simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2), because the matrix material was excessively hydrophilic. Nevertheless, the release rate in SGF could be modulated by increasing the EUD L fraction in the coevaporate. With a @entity970 (M(w), 400 kDa)-EUD L (1:2, w/w) ratio the percent dose released in 2 h to SGF, where the coevaporate was insoluble, was around 23 or 50% with 10 or 20% loading dose. The release was then completed within the successive 2 h of elution with simulated jejunal fluid (SJF, pH 6.8) where EUD L and the coevaporate gradually dissolved. Release in SGF was controlled by matrix swelling and/or drug diffusion in matrix, whereas matrix dissolution controlled release in SJF. The unique release-controlling properties of the polymer compounds were due to @entity970 -EUD L macromolecular interactions. Matrices show promise of a gradual and complete release of MF x @entity5828 from stomach to jejunum, unaffected by gastric pH fluctuations. This mode of administration might allow the use of lower therapeutic doses compared to existing immediate- or sustained-release products, thus minimising side effects.

title: In vitro evaluation of a system for pH-controlled peroral delivery of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ethylene oxide)']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['metformin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the value of penile duplex ultrasonography in predicting the occurrence of intracavernous drug-induced @entity63 @entity3327 directly after the rigid erection phase. METHODS: We evaluated 250 @entity1 with @entity323 by color Doppler ultrasonography after the diagnostic injection of @entity3302 and @entity5521 . Cavernosal artery waveforms were recorded, and peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end diastolic velocity (EDV) of the recorded waveforms were measured. In cases of @entity3327 , color Doppler ultrasonography findings were evaluated to identify any finding that would predict @entity3327 . RESULTS: In all, 41 @entity1 experienced @entity158 rigid erection for more than 1 hour after injection. All @entity1 were divided into two groups. Group I included 16 @entity1 who achieved full erection lasting less than 6 hours. Group II included 25 @entity1 who achieved full erection lasting more than 6 hours. All @entity1 of group I had PSV less than 61 cm/s and EDV of 0 to 2 cm/s. On the other hand, all @entity1 of group II had PSV greater than 66 cm/s and EDV of 0 to 1 cm/s. These findings were accurate predictors of persistent erection requiring intervention in all 25 @entity1 of group II and in none of the group I @entity1 (100% specificity and sensitivity). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that during the first hour of penile color Doppler ultrasound study, PSV of 66 cm/s or more together with EDV of 0 cm/s is a reliable predictive factor for @entity3327 . This finding is reliable enough that treatment for @entity3327 should be initiated without further delay.

title: Intracavernous @entity3302 / XXXX -induced @entity3327 can be accurately predicted with color Doppler ultrasonography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine mesylate']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine hydrochloride']

answer: @entity5521 :: (MESH:D010646,Chemical) :: ['phentolamine']


abstract: A 72-year-old @entity1 was admitted for cough and @entity1353 . Bronchofiberscopy examination revealed @entity2 at the right main bronchus. Plain chest X-ray and chest CT revealed that the @entity5 had invaded to the mediastinum and esophagography demonstrated stenosis of the @entity1514 esophagus without @entity292 . Because pulmonary resection was contraindicated, chemotherapy for @entity2 was initiated. Complete response was noted, but an @entity456 developed as a consequence of chemotherapy. After intrathoracic tube drainage, a permanent endoesophageal tube was inserted through a small incision in the stomach under general anesthesia. However, it migrated into the @entity1514 @entity3509 after 4-postoperative days. Because the @entity2 was well-controlled, a second operation to reconstruct the esophagus was performed without resection of the @entity1514 esophagus or @entity292 . After the operation, @entity1514 @entity3509 was washed out with @entity4279 and pure @entity167 . The chest tube was removed 3 months after the second operation. We conclude that in cases of @entity456 caused by chemotherapy for @entity2 , if complete response to chemotherapy is noted, reconstruction of the esophagus should be considered.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX caused by chemotherapy for @entity2 ].

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone iodine']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['esophago-pleural fistula']

answer: @entity456 :: (MESH:D010995,Disease) :: ['esophago-pleural fistula']


abstract: Antiangiogenic therapy with bevacizumab has shown varying results in @entity0 clinical trials. Identifying robust biomarkers for selecting @entity1 who may benefit from such treatment and for monitoring response is important for the future use of bevacizumab. Two established xenograft models representing @entity0 were used to study bevacizumab treatment response on the metabolic and gene expression levels. Tumor samples were obtained from @entity19 treated with bevacizumab, @entity632 or a combination of the two drugs, and high resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gene expression microarray analysis was performed. Combination treatment with bevacizumab showed the strongest growth inhibiting @entity5 , and this was reflected by a significant change in the metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles. In the luminal-like xenografts, addition of bevacizumab did not improve the effect of @entity632 . On the global transcriptomic level, the largest gene expression changes were observed for the most efficient treatment in both models. @entity15001 showed opposite response in the treated xenografts compared with untreated controls; @entity5 . Comparing combination therapy with @entity632 monotherapy in basal-like xenografts, 14 genes showed significant differential expression, including @entity28427 ( @entity28427 ) and @entity51268 ( @entity51268 ). Bevacizumab-treated @entity5 were associated with a more @entity519 phenotype, while no evidence was found for associations between bevacizumab treatment and vascular invasion or @entity5 grade. This study underlines the importance of characterizing biological differences between subtypes of @entity0 to identify personalized biomarkers for improved @entity1 stratification and evaluation of response to therapy.

title: Subtype-specific response to bevacizumab is reflected in the metabolome and transcriptome of XXXX xenografts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'basal-like and luminal-like breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['lower in basal-like and higher in luminal-like tumors', 'tumor', 'tumors', 'effect in basal-like tumors']

entities_list: @entity28427 :: ('7436', 'Gene') :: ['very low density lipoprotein receptor', 'VLDLR']

entities_list: @entity15001 :: ('CHEBI:55397', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycerophosphocholine']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Transmural distribution of viable myocardium in the @entity63 myocardium has not been quantified and fully elucidated. To address this issue, we evaluated transmural @entity296 profile (TMSP) in @entity235 with @entity583 using a newly developed tissue strain imaging. TMSP was obtained from the posterior wall at the @entity1002 view in 13 anesthetized open-chest @entity235 . After control measurements, the left circumflex coronary artery was occluded for 90 min to induce @entity1188 (SMI). Subsequently, latex microbeads (90 microm) were injected in the same @entity1188 ( @entity1188 ). In each stage, measurements were done before and after @entity452 challenge (10 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) for 10 min) to estimate transmural @entity296 . Strain in the subendocardium in the control stage increased by @entity452 (from 53.6 +/- 17.1 to 73.3 +/- 21.8%, P < 0.001), whereas that in SMI and @entity1188 stages was almost zero at baseline and did not increase significantly by @entity452 [from 0.8 +/- 8.8 to 1.3 +/- 7.0%, P = not significant (NS) for SMI, from -3.9 +/- 5.6 to -1.9 +/- 6.0%, P = NS for @entity1188 ]. Strain in the subepicardium increased by @entity452 in the control stage (from 23.9 +/- 6.1 to 26.3 +/- 6.4%, P < 0.05) and in the SMI stage (from 12.4 +/- 7.3 to 27.1 +/- 8.8%, P < 0.005), whereas that in the @entity1188 stage did not change (from -1.0 +/- 7.8 to -0.7 +/- 8.3%, P = NS). In SMI, the subendocardial contraction was lost, but the subepicardium showed a significant increase in contraction with @entity452 . However, in @entity1188 , even the subepicardial increase was not seen. Assessment of transmural strain profile using tissue strain imaging was a new and useful method to estimate transmural distribution of the viable myocardium in @entity583 .

title: Evaluation of transmural distribution of viable muscle by @entity296 profile and XXXX stress echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial viability', 'myocardial strain']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['subendocardial infarction', 'artery to create transmural infarction', 'TMI']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['epicardial left ventricular short-axis']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: Controversial multiple investigations have reported that chronic administration of @entity4944 or similar drugs in different animals produces a reverse tolerance or a receptor hypersensitivity. However, most studies utilized large doses given chronically and for lengthy periods of time. Real life drug abusers ten to utilize drugs in a cyclic pattern of intermittently increasing doses and then "crashing off" depending on the availability of drugs and psychiatric treatment. In this experiment I intended to demonstrate receptor hypersensitivity with less chronic administration of drugs (in this case only six dosages) given in about two weeks, intermittently, and in increasing dosages to stimulate somewhat closer a @entity734 model. I also utilized a lengthier period of time of waiting in-between the pretreatment and post-treatment evaluation (eight weeks). The subjects were 16 @entity35 of initial weight of 150-200 grams, acclimated to photoelectric cell cages. They were given either D- or @entity4944 in alternating days for two weeks and in increasing dosages. Both activity and stereotype behavior (SB) were measured. The animals were given eight weeks of rest and then retested with a subthreshold dose of the same drug previously utilized and two days later with the smallest dose of the same medication again. The results showed that the latency and the threshold was decreased and the response was maximized but this was statistically true only for SB, as it did not reach statistical significance for @entity2915 . The relationship of this phenomenon of @entity935 receptor hypersensitivity and the clinical findings in @entity910 , is discussed; also some ideas for further research in this area are brought to light.

title: XXXX receptors hypersensitivity: further confirmation following @entity734 model.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinetic disorders']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['L-amphetamine', 'amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: Fasting in the month of Ramadan represents a recurring annual event in the life of a Muslim. It also represents one of the five pillars around which the Islamic faith revolves making it desirable to even @entity6 Muslims if only to live a spiritually fulfilling life. We therefore embarked upon the study of 33 @entity1 with @entity6 who fasted in the month of Ramadan of 1417 Hijra year (1997 Gregorian) with a view to establishing the effect of fasting on their blood sugar control. This is meant to serve as a framework for establishing a scientific basis for advice to Muslim @entity6 @entity1 who may wish to fast in subsequent years. Eight point three percent of @entity1 considered for enrollment signified their non-willingness to fast even after health-education. In the month preceding fasting the mean +/- SD for @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) was 6.71 +/- 2.81 mmol/L, 6.50 +/- 2.34 mmol/L for the month of Ramadan and 6.93 +/- 2.53 mmol/L for the month after. There was no statistically significant difference between the means for the three months. However, larger percentage of @entity1 (76%) had their @entity1503 improved upon during fasting than either before or after. In addition, there was no reported case of acute complication from @entity6 all through the period of the study. Based on these findings, it was concluded that most Type 2 @entity6 @entity1 actually do as well, like their normal counterparts during fasting and could be encouraged to do so provided they are clinically stable.

title: Blood sugar control among fasting Muslims with XXXX in Ilorin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['FBS', 'fasting blood sugar']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic emergencies', 'diabetic', 'Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound and hysteroscopy in the detection of endometrial pathologies in @entity1 with @entity548 not using hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). METHODS: Between January 1997 and April 1998, 106 postmenopausal @entity1 with uterine @entity548 not using HRT underwent a diagnostic work-up including pelvic examination, transvaginal ultrasound, hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy. Sonographic measurement of endometrial thickness and hysteroscopic findings were compared with histological results. The 'classification tree' method was used to identify cut-off values of sonographic endometrial thickness that could be indicative of a class of uterine pathology. Statistical analysis was performed with the McNemar test. RESULTS: No case of @entity1204 was found with a cut-off point of 5 mm of endometrial thickness evaluated by ultrasound, whereas all @entity1 with endometrial thickness > or = 15 mm at sonography had an @entity1204 . In the group of @entity1 with endometrial thickness between 6 and 14 mm, we found normal atrophic endometria, benign and malignant pathology. On the other hand, the McNemar test showed a very good correspondence between hysteroscopy and histology (sensitivity 97.5% and specificity 100%), confirming its usefulness in diagnosis of postmenopausal uterine @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: Transvaginal ultrasound has revealed some limitations, mainly in the group of @entity1 with endometrial thickness between 6 and 14 mm. The absence of @entity1478 in @entity1 with endometrial thickness < or = 5 mm and the high possibility of @entity5 in those with endometrial thickness > or = 15 mm should be confirmed in larger series. Hysteroscopy proved to be a simple and safe outpatient procedure with a high diagnostic accuracy, and in our opinion it should be considered in all @entity1 with postmenopausal uterine @entity548 .

title: Transvaginal sonography and hysteroscopy in postmenopausal uterine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial malignancy']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: @entity590 with intermittent ventilation (AAIV) under inhalational anesthesia has been reported to improve visualization of the larynx with lack of vocal cord motion in laryngeal microsurgery. In this study, we evaluated AAIV using total intravenous anesthesia with @entity1875 and @entity3575 instead of inhalational anesthesia in 11 @entity1 undergoing microsurgery of the larynx, and examined the effects of AAIV on respiration and circulation. Anesthesia was maintained with infusion of @entity1875 4-10 mg.kg-1.h-1 and intermittent administration of @entity3575 and @entity3369 intravenously. The lungs were ventilated with 100% @entity26 , and the endotracheal tube was removed during the apneic period. AAIV provided the otorhinolaryngologist sufficient room in which to operate and an immobile field without complications in any of the @entity1 . The number of periods of @entity386 (mean +/- SD) was 3.3 +/- 1.3, and the duration of @entity386 was 292 +/- 23 seconds. Neither blood pressure nor heart rate changed during the apneic periods. Arterial @entity26 saturation measured using pulse oxymetry (Spo2) changed in none of the @entity1 except an @entity28 @entity1 whose Spo2 declined to 90%. End-tidal @entity544 level increased for 14.9 mmHg immediately after apneic periods. @entity1875 vielded stable and adequate levels of anesthesia during apneic periods. We conclude that AAIV using constant monitoring of Spo2 is a useful and safe technique, and that @entity1875 is a suitable anesthetic agent for AAIV.

title: [ XXXX for microsurgery of the larynx under @entity1875 anesthesia].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity590 :: ('MESH:D008305', 'Disease') :: ['Apneic anesthesia']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity590 :: (MESH:D008305,Disease) :: ['Apneic anesthesia']


abstract: Seven @entity4521 addicts were treated with @entity2380 for @entity3225 . All the @entity1 had cutaneous lesions: deep-seated scalp nodules and/or @entity1569 in hairy zones. One @entity1 had an abscess at the venipuncture site. @entity5132 was isolated from all the extraocular sites in all the @entity1 . Five @entity1 were treated with 400 mg of intravenous @entity2380 on the first day, followed by 200 mg (i.v.) for one week and finally 200 mg daily orally for a further two weeks. Two @entity1 were treated exclusively with oral @entity2380 (400 mg on the first day, followed by 200 mg daily for three consecutive weeks). Tolerance to @entity2380 was good and it was not necessary to stop treatment for any @entity1 . All the cutaneous lesions stabilized and healed. The @entity2194 cleared completely in all cases, except in one @entity1 in whom vitrectomy was indicated, and in whom there was a poor response to the exclusive treatment with @entity2380 and associated corticosteroids.

title: @entity2380 in the management of XXXX in disseminated candidosis of @entity4521 addicts.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye lesions']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['pustulosis']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity3225 :: (MESH:D009877,Disease) :: ['endophthalmitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rhinosinusitis is an inflammatory response affecting mucosa membrane of nasal cavity of one or more paranasal sinus. Its prevalence is of 14 and 5-13% in adults and @entity1 , respectively. Rhinosinusitis causes high rate of scholar and labor absenteeism. OBJECTIVE: To know diagnostic and treatment criteria of rhinosinusitis in units of familial medicine, otolaryngology and @entity566 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A series of 25 @entity1 randomly obtained from familial medicine units 21 and 28 of the IMSS, was studied. Diagnosis was assessed according to 1998 Consensus and computed tomography was considered the gold standard. It was performed to all @entity1 and evaluated by a study-blind radiologist. RESULTS: Diagnosis of rhinosinusitis was done by familial medicine unit in 68%, otolaryngology service in 40% and @entity566 service in 64%. Clinical criteria most used were nasal congestion and anterior and posterior nasal discharge. The more requested examination was computed tomography (38.7%) and in 30% of cases, medical treatment was not prescribed. CONCLUSIONS: Familial physicians, otolaryngologists and allergists use, with low frequency, international criteria for diagnosis and treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngologists perform other differential diagnosis.

title: [Criteria for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic rhino-sinusitis in family medicine, otorhinolaryngology, and XXXX services].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: @entity17601 ( @entity17601 ) constitute a subgroup of @entity17325 ( @entity17325 ), where the primary defect in one sarcoglycan (SG) glycoprotein ( @entity11156 , @entity6707 , @entity16560 or @entity16561 ) results in a deficiency of the whole complex. Four genes, at 17q, 4q, 13q and 5q, encode the four glycoproteins, and mutations in these genes cause diseases called LGMD2D, 2E, 2C and 2F. To estimate the prevalence, relative proportions and clinical features of @entity17601 , we have studied the SG proteins in muscle biopsies of 140 @entity1 (from 115 unrelated Brazilian families) with a clinical diagnosis of @entity17325 . @entity11156 immunofluorescence analysis showed a positive staining pattern in 70% (80/115) of the families, a patchy pattern in 14% (16/115) and a negative pattern in 16% (19/115) of the families. All the 19 @entity11156 negative, and four of the 16 @entity11156 patchy @entity1 were also deficient for the other three SG proteins, confirming the diagnosis of SGP in 20% of the @entity17325 families. None of the positive @entity11156 @entity1 were deficient for any of the other three SG proteins, supporting the view that the SG complex functions as a unit. DNA analysis for the four sarcoglycan genes showed that @entity11156 mutations accounted for 47%, @entity6707 for 16%, @entity16560 for 16% and @entity16561 for 21% of the cases. SG abnormalities were observed in only 8.5% of @entity1 with milder @entity17325 forms, but were present in 68% of @entity1 with a severe @entity1555 . The relatively high frequency of SGP among Brazilian @entity1 with @entity17325 may be due to the disproportionally high frequency of African Brazilian SGP @entity1 with the same mutation (particularly among LGMD2C and 2F @entity1 ), suggesting a founder effect. Consanguinity is also common in our SGP families.

title: XXXX are responsible for 68% of severe @entity17325 in the Brazilian population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne-like course']

entities_list: @entity17325 :: ('MESH:D049288', 'Disease') :: ['limb-girdle muscular dystrophies', 'LGMD']

entities_list: @entity17601 :: ('MESH:D058088', 'Disease') :: ['SGPs', 'Sarcoglycanopathies']

answer: @entity17601 :: (MESH:D058088,Disease) :: ['Sarcoglycanopathies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the United Kingdom (UK), 9% of adults consult their doctor annually with @entity615 . The treatment recommendations are based on orthopaedic teaching, but the current management is causing increasing dissatisfaction. Many general practitioners (GPs) are confused about what constitutes effective advice. AIM: To review all randomized controlled trials of bed rest and of medical advice to stay active for @entity615 . METHOD: A systematic review based on a search of MEDLINE and EMBASE from 1966 to April 1996 with complete citation tracking for randomized controlled trials of bed rest or medical advice to stay active and continue ordinary daily activities. The inclusion criteria were: primary care setting, @entity1 with @entity1643 of up to 3 months duration, and @entity1 -centred outcomes (rate of recovery from the acute attack, relief of @entity158 , restoration of function, satisfaction with treatment, days off work and return to work, development of @entity1118 and disability, recurrent attacks, and further health care use). RESULTS: Ten trials of bed rest and eight trials of advice to stay active were identified. Consistent findings showed that bed rest is not an effective treatment for @entity1643 but may delay recovery. Advice to stay active and to continue ordinary activities results in a faster return to work, less chronic disability, and fewer recurrent problems. CONCLUSION: A simple but fundamental change from the traditional prescription of bed rest to positive advice about staying active could improve clinical outcomes and @entity615 .

title: Systematic reviews of bed rest and advice to stay active for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'acute low back pain']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['acute back pain', 'back pain', 'reduce the personal and social impact of back pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['acute low back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2929 is not only a potent antibiotic; it also has effects of @entity32 and suppression of protein synthesis. PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of @entity2929 on tissue @entity1373 after stent placement in a @entity35 esophageal model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 21 @entity35 were included. After placement of self-expanding stents in the mid esophagus, the @entity35 were divided into two experimental groups and one control group. The @entity35 in the experimental groups received daily intraperitoneal injections of @entity2929 for 5 weeks; 4 mg/kg (group A, n = 7) and 8 mg/kg (group B, n = 7). Those in the control group (n = 7) received 1 mL of saline intraperitoneally. After sacrifice, histologic analysis was done for thickness of the papillary projection, granulation tissue area, percentage of granulation tissue area, and degree of @entity32 . The statistical significance of differences between groups was assessed by Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Tissue @entity1373 as reflected in thickness of papillary projection, granulation tissue area, and percentage of granulation tissue area, was higher in the control group than in the experimental groups, although there was no statistical significance (P = 1.00, 0.332, and 0.263, respectively). However, degree of @entity32 was significantly lower in the experimental groups than the control group (P = 0.025), and the higher dosage of @entity2929 reduced @entity32 significantly (P = 0.037). CONCLUSION: Intraperitoneal administration of @entity2929 is very effective in reducing @entity32 after stent placement in a @entity35 esophageal model but has no significant effect on granulation tissue formation.

title: The effectiveness of XXXX in reducing stent-related tissue @entity1373 : an experimental study with a @entity35 esophageal model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'reduction of inflammation', 'inflammatory cell infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin', 'Erythromycin']

answer: @entity2929 :: (MESH:D004917,Chemical) :: ['erythromycin']


abstract: @entity17843 (-/-) @entity19 have impaired type 1 T cell differentiation, whereas @entity9094 (-/-) @entity19 fail to generate type 2 responses. The role of type 1 and type 2 T cell differentiation in acute cardiac allograft rejection and in the induction of tolerance was examined in wild-type, @entity17843 (-/-), and @entity9094 (-/-) recipients. All recipients rejected the grafts promptly. Analysis of in situ cytokine gene expression in the allografts confirmed decreased levels of @entity60 in @entity17843 (-/-) recipients and undetectable levels of @entity58 and @entity59 in @entity9094 (-/-) @entity19 . Blockade of the @entity10867 /B7 costimulatory pathway prolonged cardiac graft survival for >100 days in 100% of wild-type and @entity17843 (-/-) @entity19 . However, 14% of @entity17796 -Ig-treated @entity9094 (-/-) @entity19 rejected their grafts between 20 and 100 days. Moreover, of those animals followed past 100 days, 60% of the @entity9094 (-/-) @entity19 rejected their grafts. Splenocytes harvested on day 145 posttransplant from @entity17796 -Ig-treated rejecting @entity9094 (-/-) recipients were transfused into syngeneic @entity915 @entity19 transplanted with donor or third party cardiac allografts. Both donor and third party grafts were rejected, indicating that the initial graft loss may be due to an immunological rejection. In contrast, when splenocytes from @entity17796 -Ig-treated wild-type or nonrejecting @entity9094 (-/-) @entity19 were transferred into @entity915 recipients, donor allografts were accepted, but third party hearts were rejected. Thus, long-term prolongation of cardiac allograft survival by @entity17796 -Ig is @entity17843 -independent but, at least in part, @entity9094 -dependent. These data suggest that the balance of type 1 and type 2 T lymphocyte differentiation is not critical for acute rejection but influences the robust tolerance induced by @entity10867 /B7 blockade in this model.

title: Role of @entity17843 and XXXX signaling in allograft rejection and @entity17796 -Ig-mediated tolerance.

answer: @entity9094 :: (20852(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['STAT6']


abstract: The present study records the strain-specific molecular typing system for @entity28746 ( @entity28746 ) based on genetic analysis of fimA locus. Based on the study two new serotypes B5 and B6 are reported within the serogroup B. Out of 200 swab samples collected randomly from foot lesions of footrot affected @entity742 from all the districts of Kashmir, India, 122 (61.0%) detected positive for @entity28746 . Serogroup B was predominantly prevalent in 83.60% of positive samples. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified fimA gene of @entity28746 serogroup B revealed only two fingerprint patterns (FP) designated as FP1 and FP2. The FP1 was most prevalent and depicted by 82.35% of the samples with serogroup B while, FP2 was depicted by rest (17.65%) of the samples. Though the FP1 fimA sequence had the homology of 95% to @entity28746 fimA of serotype B4 isolate VRS 54, but there were 14 @entity377 differences and four @entity377 insertions/deletions in the coding sequence between these two strains resulting in eight @entity535 substitutions in the fimbrial subunit. Similarly the FP2 fimA showed the sequence homology of 97% with @entity28746 fimA of serotype B2 isolate 183, with 10 @entity377 differences and three @entity377 insertions/deletions between these two sequences. This resulted in six @entity535 substitutions, plus an @entity535 length variation in the subunit protein. Thus it was presumed that these FP1 and FP2 strains represented new serotypes (B5 and B6, correspondingly) within the @entity45562 as the degree of @entity535 sequence difference with their nearest homologous strains was much greater than that within a serotype (0-5 @entity535 differences), but comparable to that between serotypes (8-15 @entity535 differences). This presumption was confirmed by cross tube agglutination test.

title: Identification of two new serotypes within serogroup B of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity28746 :: ('870', 'Species') :: ['Dichelobacter nodosus', 'D. nodosus']

answer: @entity28746 :: (870,Species) :: ['Dichelobacter nodosus']


abstract: Both @entity4756 and @entity4443 (LTs) have been demonstrated to be the mediators for hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction (HIB) of @entity840 . We tested the hypothesis that leukotrienes modulate HIB indirectly by triggering @entity4756 release. Ninety nine young @entity840 were divided into four groups: control; LTC4; @entity1439 (a LT receptor antagonist); and @entity20463 (an inhibitor of LT synthesis). Each animal was anesthetized, cannulated, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated. The protocol included the baseline, hyperpnea, and recovery periods. Thus, animals in each group were further divided into three subgroups: baseline; recovery-3 min; and recovery-8 min. We measured dynamic respiratory compliance (Crs), forced expiratory volume in 0.1 s (FEV0.1) and maximal expiratory flow at 30% total lung capacity (Vmax30), as well as determined substance @entity10133 ) and LT levels in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) during either the baseline or the recovery (3 or 8 min) period. Hyperpnea caused decreases in Crs, FEV0.1 and Vmax30, indicating HIB, in the control group at 3 min and 8 min of the recovery period. Both @entity1439 and @entity20463 significantly attenuated HIB. In the control group, hyperpnea caused significant increases in SP and LT levels in both plasma and BAL. These increases in SP levels were significantly suppressed, however, by @entity1439 and @entity20463 . Compared to the control group, infusion of LTC4 did not significantly alter either HIB, SP or LT levels in most cases. An additional group of 24 animals treated with neurokinin-2 receptor antagonist, @entity21313 , demonstrated that @entity21313 significantly suppressed hyperpnea-induced increases in plasma, but not in BAL, LT levels. Since @entity1439 and @entity20463 first suppress LT activities, these results suggest that suppressed LT activities attenuate HIB indirectly via reducing @entity4756 release.

title: Mediators in hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4443 :: ('MESH:D015289', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotrienes']

entities_list: @entity4756 :: ('MESH:D015320', 'Chemical') :: ['tachykinin', 'tachykinins']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Menstrual cycle phase has been correlated with risk of noncontact anterior cruciate @entity130 in @entity1 . The mechanism by which hormonal cycling may affect injury rate is unknown. HYPOTHESES: Jumping and landing activities performed during different phases of the menstrual cycle lead to differences in foot strike knee flexion, as well as peak knee and hip loads, in @entity1 not taking an oral contraceptive but not in @entity1 taking an oral contraceptive. @entity1 will experience greater normalized joint loads than @entity1 during these activities. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 (13 using oral contraceptives) and 12 @entity1 performed repeated trials of a horizontal jump, vertical jump, and drop from a 30-cm box on the left leg. Lower limb kinematics (foot strike knee flexion) and peak externally applied moments were calculated (hip adduction moment, hip internal rotation moment, knee flexion moment, knee abduction moment). @entity1 were tested once. @entity1 were tested twice for each phase of the menstrual cycle (follicular, luteal, ovulatory), as determined from serum analysis. An analysis of variance was used to examine differences between phases of the menstrual cycle and between groups (alpha = .05). RESULTS: No significant differences in moments or knee angle were observed between phases in either female group or between the 2 female groups or between either female group and the male controls. CONCLUSIONS: Variations of the menstrual cycle and the use of an oral contraceptive do not affect knee or hip joint loading during jumping and landing tasks. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Because knee and hip joint loading is unaffected by cyclic variations in hormone levels, the observed difference in injury rates is more likely attributable to persistent differences in strength, neuromuscular coordination, or ligament properties.

title: Knee and hip loading patterns at different phases in the menstrual cycle: implications for the gender difference in anterior cruciate XXXX rates.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ligament injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['ligament injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate functional expression of @entity3223 on @entity404 and @entity405 T-cells in @entity1 with @entity226 ( @entity226 ) and @entity2760 ( @entity2760 ). METHODS: Peripheral blood was drawn from @entity1 with @entity226 (n=16), @entity2760 (n=78) and @entity23 ( @entity23 , n=64). Tissue samples were obtained from @entity226 @entity1 and controls. Proliferation and cytokine production assays were performed using CFSE and intracellular @entity379 or @entity310 staining, respectively, and flow cytometry analysis. Immunofluorescence and immunohistology were applied to analyse the presence of @entity3223 -expressing T-cells and @entity3223 -ligands in temporal arteries, respectively. mRNA levels of @entity3223 -ligands were determined by RT-PCR. RESULTS: In both @entity226 and @entity2760 @entity1 , @entity3223 was preferentially expressed on senescent CD4CD28(-) and CD8CD28(-), as well as on CD8CD28 T-cells. Frequencies of senescent T-cells were increased in @entity226 and @entity2760 @entity1 compared to @entity23 . In @entity226 tissue samples, infiltrating T-cells were predominately @entity1361 (-). @entity3223 expressing T-cells concentrated around the vasa vasorum of the adventitia. Antigenic stimulation induced rapid up-regulation of @entity3223 on CD4CD28(-) and CD4CD28 T-cells, whereas @entity310 and @entity8252 enhanced @entity3223 expression on senescent @entity404 and @entity405 T-cells only. @entity3223 cross-linkage augmented anti-CD3 triggered proliferation, @entity379 and @entity310 production of @entity405 T-cells. In CD4CD28(-) T-cells, @entity9707 D ligation resulted in increased @entity379 production only. @entity3223 ligands were expressed in temporal arteries from @entity226 @entity1 , particularly in the adventitial and medial layers of affected vessels. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9707 D is functionally expressed on CD4CD28(-) and @entity405 T-cells in @entity226 and @entity2760 . @entity3223 -ligands are present in temporal arteries and may co-stimulate @entity9707 D expressing T-cells.

title: @entity9707 D stimulated T-cell autoreactivity in XXXX and @entity2760 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell arteritis', 'GCA']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['healthy controls', 'HC']

entities_list: @entity2760 :: ('MESH:D011111', 'Disease') :: ['polymyalgia rheumatica', 'PMR']

answer: @entity226 :: (MESH:D013700,Disease) :: ['giant cell arteritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether stool DNA abnormalities arise solely from @entity14 or are due to more pervasive field effects is not known. In the current study, the authors conducted a prospective multicenter study to evaluate the performance of stool-based DNA testing in a large cohort and to examine whether the findings before treatment persist after surgical resection and/or adjuvant therapy. METHODS: @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity14 or @entity652 ( @entity652 ) provided stool samples before therapy, 1-3 months after surgical resection, and 6-9 months postresection. Stool samples were analyzed using the multi-target DNA assay panel (MTAP) consisting of 23 markers: 21 mutations in the @entity876 , @entity984 , and @entity1412 genes, a microsatellite instability marker (BAT-26), and the @entity15929 ( @entity15929 ), a marker of loss of apoptosis. RESULTS: Overall, 49 of 91 individuals (54%) tested positive with the MTAP test. The sensitivity of the MTAP test was 63% for invasive @entity5 compared with 26% for @entity652 . Individuals whose lesions had a more advanced TNM stage or were located distal to the splenic flexure were significantly more likely to have a positive MTAP test. Of the 79 samples collected at 1-3 months after surgical resection of the @entity5 , 14 (18%) had a positive MTAP result, 12 of which were positive for @entity15929 only. Of those collected at 6-9 months of follow-up, 5 of 72 (7%) tested positive on the MTAP panel. CONCLUSIONS: Although many samples collected 1-3 months after surgical resection of the @entity14 tested positive on the MTAP, most were negative by 6-9 months, indicating that stool DNA abnormalities disappear after treatment of the @entity1313 . Surgery and chemoradiation appear to induce @entity854 that may be independent of the presence of @entity5 .

title: Detection of stool DNA mutations before and after treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['transient DIA abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity15929 :: ('MESH:C565771', 'Disease') :: ['DNA integrity assay', 'DIA']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasm', 'colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'advanced adenomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal neoplasia']


abstract: @entity3326 present a unique opportunity to examine confounding by neuroleptic-induced @entity21 ( @entity21 ) in the assessment of negative signs of @entity161 . @entity21 , such as facial @entity2845 and @entity910 , involve some of the same response systems and phenomena as emotional display channels. @entity21 are attributed to the blockade of @entity935 receptors in the striatum by traditional neuroleptics. Newer atypical neuroleptics target primarily mesolimbic and mesocortical areas, and receptors for other transmitters such as @entity750 . @entity1037 has been reported as less likely to cause @entity21 and may improve some negative signs. We investigated the relationship between measures of @entity21 and negative symptoms in @entity1 with @entity161 treated with @entity1767 or @entity1037 . @entity1 were rated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Simpson-Angus Scale @entity21 scale. Results show that the two agents have comparable efficacy but different safety outcomes. A positive correlation between @entity21 and PANSS negative score was detected in the @entity1767 group only. Stepwise multiple regression analysis shows that a big proportion of variability in PANSS negative symptoms is predicted by @entity21 in the @entity1767 group, but not in the @entity1037 group, even though @entity21 increased in @entity1 treated with @entity1767 but not in @entity1037 @entity1 .

title: The relationship between negative symptoms of @entity161 and extrapyramidal side effects with @entity1767 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3326 :: ('MESH:D009459', 'Disease') :: ['Atypical neuroleptics']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal symptoms', 'EPS']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['Olanzapine', 'olanzapine']

answer: @entity1037 :: (MESH:C076029,Chemical) :: ['olanzapine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Reperfusion after @entity64 leads to infiltration of inflammatory cells into the ischemic brain. @entity1110 oxidase ( @entity8930 ) is a major enzyme system that generates @entity224 in immune cells. We studied the effect of @entity8930 derived from the immune cells in the brain and in blood cells in experimental @entity64 . METHODS: To establish whether @entity8930 plays a role in @entity2806 , @entity64 were created in @entity19 , then @entity19 were treated with the @entity8930 inhibitor @entity12824 or vehicle and compared to @entity19 deficient in @entity8930 's @entity18511 subunit and their wild-type littermates. To determine whether @entity8930 in circulating cells versus brain resident cells contribute to @entity63 , bone marrow chimeras were generated by transplanting bone marrow from wild-type or @entity8930 -deficient @entity19 into @entity8930 or wild-type hosts, respectively. RESULTS: @entity12824 and @entity8930 deletion both significantly reduced @entity1188 size, blood-brain barrier disruption, and hemorrhagic transformation of the @entity1188 , compared to untreated wild-type controls. This was associated with decreased @entity1235 expression and reduced loss of tight junction proteins. @entity8930 -deficient @entity19 receiving wild-type marrow had better outcomes compared to the wild-type @entity19 receiving wild-type marrow. Interestingly, wild-type @entity19 receiving @entity8930 -deficient marrow had even smaller @entity1188 sizes and less @entity548 than @entity8930 -deficient @entity19 receiving wild-type marrow. INTERPRETATION: This indicates that @entity8930 , whether present in circulating cells or brain resident cells, contributes to @entity2806 and @entity548 . However, @entity8930 from the circulating cells contributed more to the exacerbation of @entity64 than that from brain resident cells. These data suggest the importance of targeting the peripheral immune system for treatment of @entity64 .

title: Significance of marrow-derived XXXX oxidase in experimental ischemic stroke.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity12824 :: ('MESH:C056165', 'Chemical') :: ['Apocynin', 'apocynin']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic brain injury', 'brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1110 :: ('MESH:D009249', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1235 :: ('17395(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase 9']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity1110 :: (MESH:D009249,Chemical) :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the management of hearts with deranged laterality, it is essential that the left and right atrial chambers are correctly identified. There are two major approaches, which are based on venous connections or on the morphology of the @entity955 , and there is no consensus as to which is the most useful. We used the iv/iv @entity19 mutant, which is known to be pertinent to this problem, to evaluate the relations of @entity299 with @entity1211 . METHODS AND RESULTS: The morphology of the heart and other organs was examined in 275 iv/iv @entity19 using criteria based on abnormal laterality in @entity1 . The arrangement of the @entity955 was determined by morphological examination of the junction between the appendage and the venous component of the atrium. On this basis, 45.1% of cases were shown to have usual atrial arrangement, 50.2% had mirror imagery, 1.5% had right isomerism, and 3.3% had left isomerism. Every case of atrial isomerism had a @entity299 ; the morphological types were similar to those seen in @entity1 cases. Of cases with either usual or mirror-image arrangement of the appendages, 33.2% had abnormal spleens, but only 3.1% had @entity299 . Similarly, @entity66 were much more common (30.1%) than @entity299 . CONCLUSIONS: Study results endorse the importance of the morphology of @entity955 in predicting @entity299 and point to the marked inconsistency of the arrangement of other organs, including the spleen and the connections of the systemic veins.

title: Abnormal laterality and congenital cardiac anomalies. Relations of visceral and cardiac morphologies in the iv/iv XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venous abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial appendages']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac lesion', 'cardiac defects', 'cardiac abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['atrial, venous, and other visceral morphologies']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The objective of this paper is to evaluate the influence of maternal and neonatal factors on the recurrence of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). A study was conducted on 164 predominantly Hispanic @entity1 whose index pregnancy was complicated by @entity6 and whose subsequent consecutive pregnancy was managed at our institution between January 1988 and December 1992. The diagnosis of @entity6 was based on the criteria recommended by the National @entity6 Data Group using a 100-g oral @entity413 tolerance test. One-hundred and eleven (68%) of the 164 @entity1 had recurrence of @entity6 . Fifty-three (32%) did not demonstrate recurrence in their subsequent pregnancy. @entity1 with recurrence had @entity6 diagnosed earlier (30.3 vs 32.5 weeks, p = 0.03), frequently required insulin (25 vs. 8%, p <0.05) and had more hospital admissions (32 vs. 10% p <0.05) in their index pregnancy compared to @entity1 who did not have recurrence of @entity6 . @entity1 who had recurrence had elevated mean third-trimester plasma @entity413 values: fasting 87.6 vs. 83 mg/dL, (p = 0.009) and 2-hr postprandial 109.7 vs. 102.2 mg/dL, (p = 0.008). Neonates of @entity1 with recurrence were heavier (3656 vs. 3373 g, p = 0.004) and had an increased incidence of @entity8455 (26 vs. 10%, p <0.05). No significant differences were observed in maternal age, prepregnancy body mass index, HbgA1C values, second-trimester blood @entity413 levels, method of delivery, incidence of @entity1266 and Apgar scores between the two groups of @entity1 . Hispanic @entity1 with history of @entity6 have significant risk of recurrence in their subsequent pregnancy. The risk for recurrence in @entity1 is increased if @entity6 is diagnosed earlier, they require insulin, have elevated third-trimester plasma @entity413 level, and deliver macrosomic @entity1 in their index pregnancy. It appears that @entity28 does not increase the risk of recurrence of @entity6677 in Hispanics.

title: Recurrence of XXXX : identification of risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'gestational diabetes mellitus', 'GDM']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1266 :: ('MESH:D004420', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder dystocia']

entities_list: @entity8455 :: ('MESH:D005320', 'Disease') :: ['macrosomia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Barthel Index (BI) and the @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) are commonly used scales that measure disability or dependence in activities of daily living in @entity64 victims. The objective of this study was to investigate how these scales were used and interpreted in @entity64 trials. METHODS: We identified from MEDLINE the major efficacy trials with neuroprotective drugs, thrombolytic drugs, and anticoagulants in acute @entity385 published between January 1995 and December 1998. We selected those trials that used the BI and/or @entity2653 as outcome parameters. RESULTS: Fifteen trials fulfilling the inclusion criteria were identified. The BI was used in 13 and the @entity2653 in 8. In 4 trials mean and median scores of the BI were used, and in 1 trial median scores of the @entity2653 were compared. Primary end points included the BI in 7, the @entity2653 in 6, and both the BI and @entity2653 in 3. With regard to the BI, a variety of sum scores between 50 and 95 were used as cutoff scores to define favorable outcome. Favorable outcome on the @entity2653 was defined as either </=1 or </=2. CONCLUSIONS: Among the efficacy trials in @entity64 , we found remarkable differences in the choice of primary end points and in the definition of favorable outcome on both the BI and @entity2653 . This lack of consensus strongly hinders the design, interpretation, and comparison of @entity64 trials. In general, it may be easier to define poor outcome instead of favorable outcome. Poor outcome could be defined if any of the following end points are reached: death, institutionalization due to @entity64 , @entity2653 >3, or BI <60.

title: Use of the Barthel index and modified Rankin scale in XXXX trials.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['Modified Rankin Scale', 'MRS']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: NORDIL--the Nordic @entity3988 intervention study was started in September 1992. This trial is a prospective randomized open blinded-endpoint (PROBE) multicenter, parallel-group study conducted in Norway and Sweden. The study is designed to evaluate the potential preventive effects of @entity3988 compared with conventional antihypertensive drug treatment. Primary endpoints are cardiovascular mortality defined as fatal @entity583 , fatal @entity697 ( @entity64 ), @entity944 and other fatal @entity65 as well as @entity65 defined as @entity583 and @entity66 ( @entity64 ). Secondary endpoints are total mortality, the development or deterioration of @entity299 , @entity712 , @entity955 , transient @entity2142 , @entity6 and @entity177 . Male and female @entity1 , aged 50-69, with primary @entity101 are randomly allocated to therapy starting with either @entity3988 (180-360 mg daily) or conventional treatment (diuretics or beta-adrenergic blockers). Add-on therapy in the conventional treatment group excludes all types of @entity460 antagonists. The goal of treatment will be a target diastolic blood pressure of < or = 90 mmHg or a 10% diastolic blood pressure reduction. The NORDIL study will allow the detection of a 20% difference in cardiovascular mortality between the two groups with a power of 80% at the 5% significance level (two-sided test). A total of 12,000 @entity1 will be recruited from about 480 primary Health Care Centers or hospital based @entity101 Units. @entity1 will be treated for an average period of 5 years.

title: The Nordic @entity3988 Study (NORDIL). A prospective intervention trial of XXXX antagonist therapy in @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic attacks']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity354 ( @entity354 ) is a pathology with a wide range of clinical and endoscopic manifestations. @entity470 ( @entity470 ), found in the epithelium of the digestive tract, plays an important role in epithelial repair and shows increased expression in different @entity5 , including @entity5 . OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate @entity470 expression using immunohistochemistry in esophageal biopsies obtained from @entity1 with @entity354 , @entity355 , and @entity7145 . METHODS: @entity470 expression was immunohistochemically determined in biopsies from 194 @entity1 with symptoms suggestive of @entity354 or @entity7145 , seen at two Brazilian university hospitals between January 2003 and December 2008. Based on histopathological analysis, @entity1 were divided into three groups: @entity354 , @entity355 and @entity7145 . @entity470 expression was considered positive when staining was detected in the membrane. RESULTS: Mean age was 55.25 years (range 30-90). @entity1 with @entity354 (n = 127) accounted for 65.5% of the sample, compared with 12.4% (n = 24) of @entity1 with @entity355 and 22.2% (n = 43) of @entity1 with @entity420 . Immunohistochemical analysis was positive for @entity470 in 19.1% of the @entity1 (37/194), divided as follows: 8.7% (11/127) in the @entity354 group, 25% (6/24) in the @entity355 group, and 46.5% (20/43) in the @entity420 group. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the three groups (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity354 @entity1 showed lower levels of @entity470 expression than @entity1 with @entity355 or @entity1 with @entity7145 , suggesting a direct relationship between @entity470 expression and disease progression.

title: Increase of @entity470 expression in progression of @entity354 , Barrett, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['Epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'esophageal tumors']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['Gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7145 :: ('MESH:C562730', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the esophagus']

answer: @entity7145 :: (MESH:C562730,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of esophagus']


abstract: Blood acetylcholinesterase ( @entity10810 ) and pseudocholinesterase (PCHE) activity and urinary @entity47091 ( @entity6136 ) excretion were measured in a group of 15 male agriculture field workers during a five-day thinning operation in a Northern California @entity2486 orchard. Eight @entity1 were randomly assigned to work in a Guthion-treated plot, and seven @entity1 to work in an adjoining plot free from @entity5139 residues. Foliage samples were taken to measure dislodgeable and total Guthion residues. The daily mean percent change in the @entity10810 and in the PCHE activity was less than -10.0 percent of baseline values for each group of @entity1 . Mean @entity10810 activity of workers in the Guthion treated plot was different from that of workers in the control plot on the fifth exposure day. The mean PCHE activity of workers in the Guthion treated plot was not different from that of workers in the control plot. Daily group-mean urinary metabolite excretion levels for workers exposed to Guthion residues were highly correlated with their daily group-mean percent change in @entity10810 activity. No urinary metabolites were detected in workers in the control plot. Decay in Guthion residues was markedly slower in this trial than in a comparable study conducted one year previously, emphasizing the difficulty in setting re-entry intervals based on time elapsed from pesticide application. Suggestions were made to extend the time interval of future studies on the @entity1 health effects of @entity5139 residue exposure, and to further refine urinary metabolite surveillance methods toward the goal of establishing a threshold level of metabolites which would correspond to meaningful exposure to these pesticides residues.

title: A controlled field trial of physiological responses to XXXX residues in farm workers.

entities_list: @entity47091 :: ('CHEBI:16648', 'Chemical') :: ['dialkyl phosphate']

entities_list: @entity5139 :: ('D010755', 'Chemical') :: ['organophosphate']

answer: @entity5139 :: (D010755,Chemical) :: ['organophosphate']


abstract: All the great ape species are known tool users in both the wild and captivity, although there is great variation in ability and behavioral repertoire. Differences in tool use acquisition between @entity831 and @entity17056 have been attributed to differing levels of social tolerance as a result of differences in social structure. @entity831 also show sex differences in acquisition and both @entity831 and @entity4839 demonstrate a female bias in tool use behaviors. Studies of acquisition are limited in the wild and between species comparisons are complicated in captivity by contexts that often do not reflect natural conditions. Here we investigated tool use acquisition in a captive group of na  ve @entity4839 by simulating naturalistic conditions. We constructed an artificial termite mound fashioned after those that occur in the wild and tested individuals within a social group context. We found sex differences in latencies to attempt and to succeed where females attempted to fish, were successful more quickly, and fished more frequently than males. We compared our results to those reported for @entity831 and @entity17056 . Males across all three species did not differ in latency to attempt or to succeed. In contrast, @entity4839 and @entity831 females succeeded more quickly than did female @entity17056 . Female @entity4839 and female @entity831 did not differ in either latency to attempt or to succeed. We tested the social tolerance hypothesis by investigating the relationship between tool behaviors and number of neighbors present. We also compared these results to those reported for @entity831 and @entity17056 and found that @entity4839 had the fewest numbers of neighbors present. The results of this study do not support the association between number of neighbors and tool behavior reported for @entity831 . However, @entity4839 demonstrated a similar sex difference in tool use acquisition, supporting the hypothesis of a female bias in tool use in Pan.

title: Sex differences in tool use acquisition in @entity4839 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity831 :: ('9598', 'Species') :: ['chimpanzee', 'chimpanzees', 'Chimpanzees']

answer: @entity4839 :: (9597,Species) :: ['Pan paniscus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Habitual smoking has been associated with increased platelet reactivity, increased risk of @entity715 and greater efficacy of @entity1397 therapy over placebo. In the PLATO trial, ticagrelor compared to @entity1397 in @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) reduced the primary composite end point of @entity204 , @entity583 and @entity64 , without increasing overall rates of major @entity548 . We evaluated the results in relation to smoking habits. METHODS: Interactions between habitual smokers (n = 6678) and in ex/nonsmokers (n = 11,932) and the effects of randomized treatments on @entity63 and @entity548 outcomes were evaluated by Cox regression analyses. RESULTS: Habitual smokers had an overall lower risk profile and more often ST-elevation @entity1187 . After adjustment for baseline imbalances, habitual smoking was associated with a higher incidence of definite stent @entity715 (adjusted HR, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.07-1.94]); there were no significant associations with other @entity63 or @entity548 end points. The effects of @entity3077 compared to @entity1397 were consistent for all outcomes regardless of smoking status. Thus, there was a similar reduction in the primary composite end point for habitual smokers (adjusted HR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.68-1.00]) and ex/nonsmokers (adjusted HR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.79-1.00]) (interaction P = .50), and in definite stent @entity715 for habitual smokers (adjusted HR, 0.59 [0.39-0.91]) and ex/nonsmokers (adjusted HR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.45-1.07]) (interaction P = .61). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 hospitalized with @entity1187 , habitual smoking is associated with a greater risk of subsequent stent @entity715 . The @entity204 , @entity583 , @entity64 , and stent @entity715 by ticagrelor compared to @entity1397 is consistent regardless of smoking habits.

title: Prior smoking status, clinical outcomes, and the comparison of ticagrelor with @entity1397 in @entity1187 from the PLATelet inhibition and XXXX Outcomes (PLATO) trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity3077 :: ('MESH:C503700', 'Chemical') :: ['ticagrelor']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic complications', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of vascular death', 'vascular death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In the front of the problems related to the differentiation between benign and @entity5 we decided to perform a multicentre study in order to validate diagnoses of @entity5 and assess the inter-observer variability. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Material included 690 cases of malignant and benign thyroid lesions with primary histopathology established in 1985-1999. These cases were selected to multicentre study. The studies were sent from centres which agreed to participate in the project and than coded in the independent centre--Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology. 40 pathologists from 25 centres provided their diagnoses which were compared with the reference ones. RESULTS: 10 547 diagnoses were evaluated, both on their accuracy of the distinction between malignant and benign lesions and on their accuracy of @entity5 histotype definition. The reference diagnosis was made by an agreement between four expert pathologists (D.L., S.S., J.S. and A.K.). The @entity1 diagnosed 21% of cases differently than experts. Concerning the diagnosis of @entity5 histotype, the difference between @entity1 diagnosis and the reference one was even higher. The best concordance was achieved in the diagnosis of @entity3557 , however, on the cost of @entity5 overdiagnosis by some @entity1 . Follicular @entity5 was diagnosed accurately only in 75.4% of cases. CONCLUSION: The study documents a high inter-observer variability of @entity259 diagnosis and confirms the lesser accuracy of diagnosis of @entity5 .

title: [Histopathological diagnosis of XXXX in a multicenter trial].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['follicular cancer', 'malignant thyroid tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The number of dendritic cells (DC) in the local @entity5 environment correlates with @entity1 survival in numerous @entity5 . The relationship of DC infiltration in the @entity5 microenvironment and prognosis was examined in @entity1 with @entity788 . METHODS: Forty-seven pancreatectomy specimens with a diagnosis of @entity788 were identified retrospectively and analyzed with the dendritic cell markers S-100 and @entity4896 . @entity1 survival was correlated with these markers and with @entity876 , CD3, @entity2225 , @entity469 , Ki-67. RESULTS: Significant numbers (>3 per high-powered field) of @entity5 -associated S100(+) or @entity4896 (+) cells were found in only 2/47 @entity1 (4%). When present, dendritic cells were located outside the margin of the @entity5 . CD3, @entity469 , and @entity2225 positive cells were rare or absent in 96%, 92%, and 93% of the specimens. A correlation with survival and numbers of immune cells could not be made secondary to their rarity. The median survival was 18.9 months. No other indices measured correlated with survival. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity788 , there is a paucity of immune cells within the @entity5 .

title: Paucity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['dendritic cells in pancreatic cancer']


abstract: Jejunal absorption of @entity413 , electrolytes, and @entity904 was investigated in @entity35 . A Tyrode solution containing @entity413 , @entity1372 , and @entity972 in concentrations two and four times higher than usual was infused through the jejunal loops of @entity1087 and control @entity35 during 40 min. The @entity413 values in the influx and effluent were not different during the experiment time. However, the concentrations of @entity1372 and @entity972 of the effluent decreased with concentrations twice normal. The osmotic pressure of the effluent was directly related to the electrolytic concentration. When the perfusate fluid was four times higher, the differences between sham and @entity1087 groups remained unchanged. The osmotic pressure means of the @entity1087 group decreased during the experimental time. The absorption of @entity904 increased during the 40-min experiment time in the control @entity35 . On the other hand, @entity904 concentration in the perfused lumen of the @entity1087 group did not change over the time. These data indicate that @entity3883 has little influence on @entity413 and electrolytes absorption, while @entity904 is impaired by this condition.

title: Influence of @entity3883 on jejunal absorption of XXXX , electrolytes, and @entity904 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['jaundiced']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Psychological distress is common after @entity64 , but little is known about its etiologic importance, although the general public often ascribes @entity64 to the experience of stress. Therefore, we examined whether @entity458 leads to an increased risk of @entity385 and @entity63 ( @entity63 ). METHODS: The association between the 30-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), a measure of @entity458 , and the incidence of nonfatal and fatal @entity385 and @entity63 was measured by @entity797 regression modeling in a prospective observational study of 2201 @entity1 aged 45 to 59 years in phase II of the Caerphilly cohort. Hazard ratios comparing those with high (> or = 5) and normal GHQ scores were calculated with adjustment for age and other covariates. RESULTS: Twenty-two percent of @entity1 suffered from @entity458 , indicated by a score of > or =5 on the GHQ. There were 130 incident @entity64 recorded, of which 17 were fatal and 113 nonfatal. The relative risk of incident @entity385 was 1.45 (95% CI, 0.98 to 2.14) for those who showed symptoms of @entity458 compared with those who did not. For fatal @entity64 the relative risk was 3.36 (95% CI, 1.29 to 8.71) and for nonfatal @entity64 1.25 (95% CI, 0.82 to 1.92). The relative risk of @entity63 for the distressed group was 0.63 (95% CI, 0.26 to 1.53). The results were unchanged after adjustment for body mass index, systolic blood pressure, smoking, heavy drinking, social class, and marital status. However, additionally controlling for previously diagnosed @entity741 , @entity6 , @entity1576 , and retirement due to ill health attenuated the relative risks, but not markedly. For fatal @entity64 the relative risk decreased to 2.56 (95% CI, 0.97 to 6.75) when all confounding variables were included in the model. There was a graded association between degree of @entity458 and risk of fatal @entity385 . CONCLUSIONS: Psychological distress is a predictor of fatal @entity385 but not of nonfatal @entity385 or @entity63 . Further work examining the mechanisms of this association is required.

title: Does @entity458 predict the risk of XXXX and @entity63 ? The Caerphilly Study.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: The effect of @entity50549 , a recently developed @entity5567 antagonist, on @entity5567 -induced @entity95 @entity1423 in vitro and ex vivo was investigated. @entity50549 caused a right shift in @entity5567 dose-response curves of @entity1423 both in vitro and ex vivo. The amplitude of maximum aggregation, however, did not change as the concentration of @entity5567 was increased indicating that @entity50549 is a competitive inhibitor. In vitro, in the presence of 10, 33 and 66 nM of @entity50549 , the EC50 of @entity5567 inducing aggregation increased 3.7, 11.1 and 50 times, respectively, and @entity1423 was promoted. The IC50 of @entity50549 for 2.5 nM @entity5567 -induced @entity1423 was 13.8 nM. Under the same condition, the IC50s of BN 50741, @entity50550 , @entity50551 , SRI 63-441 and @entity3766 were 18.3, 33.1, 63.4, 712 and 24,600 nM, respectively. @entity50549 given i.p. at 1, 3 or 10 mg/kg increased the concentration of @entity5567 inducing 50% maximal platelet-rich plasma aggregation 3.4, 28 and 134 times, respectively. The apparent biological half-life of @entity50549 at 3 and 10 mg/kg i.p. was 2.5 and 5.4 h, respectively. @entity50549 had no effect on @entity1426 (AA)- or collagen-induced @entity1423 at concentrations effectively inhibiting @entity5567 -induced @entity1423 ; however, moderate inhibition on AA- and collagen-induced aggregation was observed as the concentration of @entity50549 exceeded 100 nM. The results indicate that @entity50549 is the most potent and competitive @entity5567 antagonist.

title: Inhibitory effect of new @entity5567 antagonists on XXXX -induced @entity95 @entity1423 in vitro and ex vivo.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet disaggregation', 'platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

answer: @entity5567 :: (CHEBI:52450,Chemical) :: ['PAF']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Occupational @entity272 (OSD) is the most frequent work-related disease in most industrialised countries and poses a high social, economic and personal burden. However, to date no study has examined the illness perceptions of individuals with refractory OSD. @entity1 AND METHODS: Semi-structured guided interviews with 50 @entity1 with OSD were conducted. Data was subjected to qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: Most @entity1 were not able to see the prodromal symptom-character of dry skin or the involvement of psychological factors in the formation and maintenance of @entity484 . @entity1 rejected a personal accountability for the condition. Before being willing to act upon skin protection measures, external agencies (employer, insurance organisations) have to overcome a variety of perceived barriers. Previous negative experiences with skin protection often lead to the conclusion that these measures, in general, are not efficacious. CONCLUSIONS: In order to accommodate the needs of @entity1 with OSD, health care providers need to be aware of what these @entity1 ' illness cognitions consist of, and how they interact with current preventive efforts. Many details of the @entity1 's perspective are often overlooked, but need to be considered. Failure to do so may mean that well-meant interventions will not reach the addressed audience successfully.

title: Subjective illness perceptions in individuals with XXXX : a qualitative investigation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['occupational skin disease']


abstract: The aim of this study was to compare oesophageal abnormalities observed in high-resolution CT with radionuclide transit in @entity1 with @entity785 . 76 @entity1 with @entity785 were evaluated by high-resolution CT and oesophageal transit scintigraphy. Residual activity > or =20% (in relation to peak activity) at 15 s after the beginning of the swallow of the labelled liquid (in supine position) was considered indicative of @entity409 . Supra-aortic and infra-aortic oesophageal coronal diameters were measured in high-resolution CT. Oesophageal dilatation was deemed present when the diameters exceeded 10 mm. 19 @entity1 (25%) had supra-aortic oesophageal dilatation and 48 @entity1 (63.1%) had @entity384 . The prevalence of radionuclide transit delay was 77.6%. All @entity1 (19/19) with supra-aortic dilatation had @entity409 , compared with 70.2% (40/57) of the @entity1 with no supra-aortic dilatation (p = 0.004). Oesophageal dysfunction was present in 97.9% (47/48) of @entity1 with @entity384 , compared with 42.9% (12/28) in @entity1 without it (p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves have demonstrated that the supra-aortic and infra-aortic diameters had good discriminatory capacity for @entity409 in @entity785 (area under the curve, 95% confidence interval: 0.80, 0.70-0.89 and 0.92, 0.86-0.98, respectively). There is a clinically significant association between @entity4423 and high-resolution CT findings of oesophageal coronal dilatation. The evaluation of infra-aortic oesophageal coronal diameter can provide additional useful information about the functional and anatomic conditions of the oesophagus in @entity785 .

title: XXXX in @entity785 : comparison of HRCT and scintigraphy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['infra-aortic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4423 :: ('MESH:D015154', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal dysmotility']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity4423 :: (MESH:D015154,Disease) :: ['Oesophageal dysmotility']


abstract: Decreased sensitivity of cardiopulmonary and arterial baroreceptors has been hypothesized to sustain sympathetic activation in @entity1 with @entity712 . In the present investigation the relationship between the @entity73 and clinical severity of @entity712 was investigated. The authors studied 58 @entity1 with @entity712 (14 in NYHA class I, 22 in NYHA class II, and 22 in NYHA class III), 38 @entity1 and 20 @entity1 , age range 28-65 years. Thirty-two @entity1 suffered from @entity1000 and 26 from @entity301 . As control group they examined 21 age-matched subjects. Baroreceptor sensitivity was studied by using the Valsalva maneuver as stimulus. Arterial pressure and heart rate were measured noninvasively by Finapres instrument (Ohmeda) and signals were recorded and elaborated with a personal computer. A decrease of baroreflex sensitivity was already demonstrable in NYHA class I @entity1 (4.72 +/- 3.31 vs 9.25 +/- 5.05 msec/mm Hg in control group) (p < 0.005). A further impairment of baroreceptor response was found in @entity1 in NYHA class II (1.94 +/- 2.88 msec/mm Hg, p < 0.001) and class III (1.78 +/- 1.52 msec/mm Hg, p < 0.001). Baroreceptor response showed a significant correlation with functional NYHA class (r = 0.61, p < 0.001) and anaerobic threshold (r = 0.57, p < 0.001) while the correlation was less tight with left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, fractional @entity3207 , left ventricular ejection fraction, @entity551 , cardiac index, distance at 6 minutes walk corridor test, and maximal @entity26 consumption (VO2max). These results suggest that baroreceptor function may be impaired early in the clinical course of @entity712 and may contribute to sympathetic activation.

title: Decreased baroreflex sensitivity assessed from phase IV of Valsalva maneuver in mild XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of baroreflex sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary mean arterial blood pressure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: Ehrlich @entity5 expresses the @entity4163 GT1b. The plasma of @entity19 with @entity8270 burden also contains GT1b. The structural identity of plasma GT1b was ascertained by a series of enzymatic degradation and mass spectral analysis. @entity19 were vaccinated with purified plasma GT1b admixed with Freund's adjuvant (FA). Sixty nine percent suppression of @entity8270 growth was observed in vaccinated @entity19 . The suppression was dose-dependent. It is hypothesized that the @entity5 growth-suppression is a result of immune response to GT1b Humoral immune response to GT1b was demonstrated by passive hemagglutination assay of the sera of vaccinated @entity19 . To test the hypothesis, the @entity19 were administered with rabbit polyclonal anti-GT1b IgM antibody in varying doses and challenged with Ehrlich @entity5 . A significant reduction in @entity5 growth (65%) was observed in @entity19 administered with anti-GT1b IgM antibody. Again, the suppression was dose-dependent. To verify further, another batch of @entity19 was immunized with anti-idiotypic antibodies to rabbit anti-GT1b IgM raised in rat. The polyclonal anti-idiotype antibody is expected to carry the structural image of GT1b. In a dose-dependent manner, a maximum of 82% suppression of @entity5 growth was observed in @entity19 immunized with the anti-idiotype antibody. This observation further strengthened the hypothesis that @entity4163 mediated suppression of @entity5 growth may be a result of immunogenicity of the target @entity4163 . This was also supported by positive reaction of the sera of anti-idiotype vaccinated @entity19 with both anti-idiotype antibody and @entity4163 GT1b in passive hemagglutination assay. The results favour the therapeutic potential of immunogenic @entity5 -associated gangliosides.

title: Suppression of @entity8270 growth by immunization with XXXX GT1b of its origin, its IgM antibody or anti-idiotype of the anti-GT1b IgM.

entities_list: @entity4163 :: ('CHEBI:28892', 'Chemical') :: ['ganglioside']

entities_list: @entity8270 :: ('MESH:D002286', 'Disease') :: ['Ehrlich ascites tumor']

answer: @entity4163 :: (CHEBI:28892,Chemical) :: ['ganglioside']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a molecular process through which an epithelial cell undergoes transdifferentiation into a mesenchymal phenotype. The role of EMT in embryogenesis is well-characterized and increasing evidence suggests that elements of the transition may be important in other processes, including @entity3 and drug resistance in various different @entity5 . METHODS: Agilent 4   44 K whole @entity1 genome arrays and selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry were used to investigate mRNA and protein expression in A2780 @entity900 sensitive and resistant cell lines. Invasion and migration were assessed using Boyden chamber assays. Gene knockdown of @entity4245 and @entity19099 was done using targeted siRNA. Clinical relevance of the EMT pathway was assessed in a cohort of primary @entity43 using data from Affymetrix GeneChip @entity1 Genome U133 plus 2.0 arrays. RESULTS: Morphological and phenotypic hallmarks of EMT were identified in the chemoresistant cells. Subsequent gene expression profiling revealed upregulation of EMT-related transcription factors including @entity4245 , @entity19099 , @entity5961 and @entity18436 . Proteomic analysis demonstrated up regulation of @entity4245 and @entity19099 as well as the mesenchymal marker @entity2277 , and down regulation of @entity5962 , an epithelial marker. By reducing expression of @entity4245 and @entity19099 , the mesenchymal phenotype was largely reversed and cells were resensitized to @entity900 . Finally, gene expression data from primary @entity5 mirrored the finding that an EMT-like pathway is activated in resistant @entity5 relative to sensitive @entity5 , suggesting that the involvement of this transition may not be limited to in vitro drug effects. CONCLUSIONS: This work strongly suggests that genes associated with EMT may play a significant role in @entity900 resistance in @entity43 , therefore potentially leading to the development of predictive biomarkers of drug response or novel therapeutic strategies for overcoming drug resistance.

title: EMT transcription factors XXXX and @entity19099 directly contribute to @entity900 resistance in @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'ovarian tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity4245 :: (6615,Gene) :: ['snail']