abstract: Sperm entering the epididymis gain progressive motility and fertilizing ability in a process termed maturation. The functional dependence of the epididymis on @entity586 ( @entity587 ) is well established, yet few studies have examined the consequences on the epididymis of inhibiting @entity587 formation. We have shown that inhibition of both isoforms of 5alpha-reductase (types 1 and 2), the enzyme that converts @entity251 to @entity587 , has pronounced effects on epididymal gene expression. In the present study, we investigate whether inhibiting 5alpha-reductase has consequences on epididymal sperm maturation. @entity35 were treated with vehicle or 10 mg/kg/day @entity24833 , a dual-type inhibitor, for 28 days. Fertility and several key facets of sperm maturation were analyzed. Changes in sperm motility were assessed by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). Changes in sperm morphology were assessed by CASA and electron microscopy. The motility of spermatozoa from the @entity1971 of treated animals showed a significant decrease in both the percentage of motile and progressively motile sperm as well as altered motion parameters. The morphology of cauda epididymal spermatozoa was also adversely affected by the treatment; the most prominent effect was a markedly elevated proportion of sperm that retained their cytoplasmic droplet. Matings with treated males resulted in fewer successful pregnancies and a higher rate of preimplantation loss. Progeny outcome was unaffected. The compromised sperm motility and morphology likely contribute to the subfertility of inhibitor-treated @entity35 . Our results indicate a role for dual 5alpha-reductase inhibitors in further studies of epididymal physiology and as a potential component of a male contraceptive.

title: Effects of @entity24833 , a dual 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, on XXXX epididymal sperm maturation and fertility.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda epididymidis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study investigated the in  vitro effect of lysozyme (0-1,000    g/ml) on @entity5132 ( @entity5132 ) biofilm development. Investigations were conducted on @entity5132 ATCC 10231 and on 10  clinical isolates from dentures. Strains were cultured aerobically at 37  C in Sabouraud broth. @entity375 growth was evaluated by turbidimetry. Biofilm biomass was quantified on a @entity852 support by @entity1686 staining and on acrylic surfaces by counts of colony forming units. Lysozyme affected biofilm formation to a greater extent than it affected growth. For the ATCC 10231 reference strain, lysozyme acted as a biofilm promotor on @entity852 at the highest concentration tested (1,000    g/ml, non  -physiological). When the reference strain was investigated on acrylic resin support, lysozyme acted as a significant biofilm promotor on rough resin, but less on smooth resin. The attached biomass in the presence of physiological concentrations of lysozyme (10  -30    g/ml) was significantly decreased compared with the hypothetical value of 100% using a one  -sample t  -test, but a comparison between the different lysozyme conditions using analysis of variance and post hoc tests did not reveal significant differences. In 10  wild strains, different patterns of biofilm formation on @entity852 were observed in the presence of lysozyme. Some strains, characterized by large amounts of biofilm formation in the presence of 1,000    g/ml lysozyme, were poor biofilm producers at low concentrations of lysozyme. In contrast, some strains that were poor biofilm producers with a high lysozyme concentration were more inhibited by low concentrations of lysozyme. The present study emphasizes the need to develop strategies for biofilm control based on in  vitro experiments, and to implement these in clinical trials prior to approval of hygiene products enriched with exocrine proteins, such as lysozyme. Further studies will extend these investigations to other Candida species, and to fungi and bacteria present in oral biofilms.

title: Dose  -dependent effect of lysozyme upon XXXX biofilm.

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida  albicans', 'C.  albicans']

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity1686 :: ('MESH:D005840', 'Chemical') :: ['crystal violet']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida  albicans']


abstract: The HOPE and EUROPA clinical studies have shown that treatment with the @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors, @entity3372 and @entity4687 , may reduce the occurrence of major @entity65 in @entity1 with proven @entity731 . The recently published results of the PRoFESS and TRANSCEND trials completed the much needed information concerning the use of an angiotensin receptor blocker for @entity1 at high risk of @entity65 . PROFESS compared a therapy of @entity9887 80 mg daily with placebo in @entity1 with a recent @entity385 . The difference in the primary outcome of first recurrent @entity64 was not statistically significant between @entity9887 and placebo. The secondary outcome of major @entity65 showed a relative risk reduction (RRR) of 7% in favour of @entity9887 . This tended to be significant (p = 0.06) despite a rather short follow-up period of only 28 months. In TRANSCEND 5926 @entity1 at high risk for @entity65 were randomized to a treatment with @entity9887 80 mg daily or placebo for a mean duration of follow-up of 56 months. The primary composite outcome of @entity65 , @entity583 , @entity64 or hospitalization for @entity712 showed a non-significant 8% RRR in favour of the @entity9887 treated @entity1 . The main secondary outcome of @entity65 and @entity583 or @entity64 as used in the HOPE trial showed a non-significant RRR of 13% in favour of @entity9887 treated @entity1 (p = 0.068 adjusted for multiplicity of comparisons). In comparing the Kaplan-Meier curves for the endpoint of major @entity65 used in HOPE, EUROPA, TRANSCEND and PRoFESS, the trends are similar. Results of most of the recently published trials have been neutral.This could partly be explained by major improvements in the optimal background therapy of the @entity1 included. Nevertheless, the results of PRoFESS and TRANSCEND do not contradict the results from previous studies with theACE inhibitors @entity3372 and @entity4687 and the ARB @entity9887 .

title: Are XXXX -inhibitors or ARB's still needed for cardiovascular prevention in high risk @entity1 ? Insights from profess and transcend.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['ramipril']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity9887 :: ('MESH:C084178', 'Chemical') :: ['telmisartan']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death', 'cardiovascular events']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['ACE']


abstract: Evidence has suggested that @entity1919 , acting through activation of the type II @entity1919 -dependent protein kinase, may play a role in the regulation of interphase and mitotic microtubules. In order to examine the potential role of the type II @entity268 -dependent kinase during mitosis, dividing @entity11497 cells were microinjected with two specific inhibitors of the catalytic activity of the type II kinase. These inhibitors were a specific protein inhibitor of @entity268 -dependent protein kinase (PKI) and an affinity-purified polyclonal antiserum (anti-C) directed against the catalytic subunit of the kinase. Both have been shown previously to inhibit kinase activity in vitro. Microinjection of PKI during early- to mid-prophase significantly delayed the progression of the cells through mitosis, with the greatest delay occurring in metaphase. PKI injected during prometaphase also delayed progression through mitosis but to a lesser extent. Microinjection of anti-C during early- to mid-prophase also caused a significant delay in the completion of mitosis, with many cells becoming "hung up" in prometaphase. Anti-C injected during prometaphase had little effect on subsequent progression through mitosis. Microinjection of either anti-C or PKI during metaphase had no discernible effect. No effect on anaphase movement of chromosomes was observed with any treatment. These results provide further evidence that @entity268 -dependent phosphorylation may be involved in the regulation of mitosis, although whether it acts directly through regulation of mitotic spindle microtubules is unclear.

title: Effect of inhibition of the catalytic activity of XXXX -dependent protein kinase on mitosis in @entity11497 cells.

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

answer: @entity1919 :: (MESH:D000242,Chemical) :: ['cyclic AMP']


abstract: PURPOSE: We have previously reported the five-year results of a randomized trial comparing laparoscopic and open resection for @entity188 and rectosigmoid junction. The aim of this follow-up study is to report on the long-term morbidity and ten-year oncologic outcomes among the subgroup of @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: From September 1993 to October 2002, 153 @entity1 with @entity5 were randomly assigned to receive either laparoscopic-assisted (n = 76) or open (n = 77) anterior resection. @entity1 were last followed up in December 2007. Long-term morbidity, survival, and disease-free interval were prospectively recorded. Data were analyzed by intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS: The demographic data of the two groups were comparable. More @entity1 in the open group developed adhesion-related @entity1744 requiring hospitalization (P = 0.001) and intervention. The overall long-term morbidity rate was also significantly higher in the open group (P = 0.012). After curative resection, the probabilities of @entity5 -specific survival at ten years of the laparoscopic-assisted and open groups were 83.5 percent and 78.0 percent, respectively (P = 0.595), and their probabilities of being disease-free at ten years were 82.9 percent and 80.4 percent, respectively (P = 0.698). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic-assisted anterior resection for @entity5 is associated with fewer long-term complications and similar ten-year oncologic outcomes when compared with open surgery.

title: Long-term morbidity and oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic-assisted anterior resection for XXXX : ten-year results of a prospective, randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the upper rectum']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'upper rectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['upper rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity548 and resuscitation ( @entity8682 /R) can induce @entity881 which is associated with high mortality. The lung is an organ commonly affected by the @entity8682 /R. @entity647 is a major cause of dysfunction in other organ systems. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that @entity8682 /R causes increased gut permeability which results in induction of @entity8919 protein ( @entity8919 ) and further leads to the development of @entity55 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A @entity19 model of @entity8682 /R was employed in this study. Gut permeability and bacterial translocation were assessed with circulating FD4 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Circulating @entity8919 was determined with ELISA. @entity55 ( @entity55 ) was determined with lung @entity10873 ( @entity10873 ) activity and pulmonary protein leakage. RESULTS: @entity8682 /R induced @entity1944 as evidenced by increased circulating FD4 and LPS at 30  min and 2  hrs after resuscitation, respectively. In addition, circulating @entity8919 levels were increased in @entity19 with @entity8682 /R as compared with sham animals (p   <   0.05). @entity8682 /R resulted in @entity55 (increased lung @entity10873 activity and pulmonary protein leakage in @entity19 with @entity8682 /R compared with sham @entity19 , p   <   0.05). Inhibition of @entity8919 (A-box and @entity1990 (-/-)) attenuated the @entity55 in @entity19 with @entity8682 /R. However, inhibition of @entity8919 did not show protective effect on gut injury in early phase of @entity8682 /R in @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that induction of @entity8919 is important in @entity548 and resuscitation-induced @entity55 .

title: Induction of @entity55 in XXXX with @entity548 and resuscitation: role of @entity8919 .

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal barrier dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhagic shock', 'hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['ALI', 'Acute lung inflammation', 'acute lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['Acute lung injury']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The effects of the @entity1 @entity916 inhibitor aliskiren on blood pressure (BP), end-organ damage, @entity644 , and tissue and plasma angiotensin (ANG) II levels in young and adult heterozygous Ren-2 transgenic @entity35 (TGR) were evaluated and compared with the effect of the ANG type 1 ( @entity1129 (1)) receptor blocker @entity9886 during treatment and after 12 days after the withdrawal of drug treatments. BP was monitored by telemetry from the age of 32 days on (young @entity35 ) and at 100 days (adult @entity35 ). Aliskiren (10 mg  kg(-1)  day(-1) in osmotic minipumps) or @entity9886 (5 mg  kg(-1)  day(-1) in drinking water) treatment was applied for 28 days in young @entity35 and for 70 days in adult @entity35 . In young untreated TGR, severe @entity101 rapidly evolved. Adult untreated TGR exhibited stable established @entity101 . Both aliskiren and @entity9886 fully prevented the development of @entity101 and @entity1283 in young TGR and normalized BP and @entity1283 in adult TGR. After cessation of aliskiren treatment in both young and adult TGR BP and @entity1283 were persistently reduced, while after @entity9886 withdrawal BP and @entity1283 rapidly increased. In adult aliskiren-treated @entity35 @entity644 was significantly reduced compared with @entity9886 (the effect persisting after withdrawal of treatment), and this decrease strongly correlated with normalization of glomerular size in these animals. In conclusion, @entity17162 and @entity9886 had similar antihypertensive effects during chronic treatment, but the antihypertensive and organoprotective effects of aliskiren were persistent even after the 12-day washout period. The durable effect on @entity644 can possibly be attributed to the normalization of glomerular morphology.

title: Persistent antihypertensive effect of aliskiren is accompanied by reduced XXXX and normalization of glomerular area in Ren-2 transgenic @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity17162 :: ('MESH:C446481', 'Chemical') :: ['aliskiren']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['proteinuria']


abstract: @entity286 is the major etiological factor for @entity5 development through the generation of oxidative stress. Therefore, markers of oxidative stress such as total antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation, and total @entity1432 levels might be useful to monitor oxidative stress and predict overall survival in @entity5 @entity1 . The study included 140 @entity5 @entity1 and 50 healthy controls, who were classified as with the habit of @entity286 and no habit of @entity286 . Adjacent normal and malignant tissue samples were collected from @entity5 @entity1 . Plasma and tissue levels of lipid peroxidation, @entity1432 , and total antioxidant status were assayed by spectrophotometric methods. @entity1432 levels were significantly lower in controls with the habit of @entity286 (P= .033), @entity5 @entity1 (P= .0001), and malignant tissues (P= .015) as compared to controls with no habit of @entity286 , controls with the habit of @entity286 , and adjacent normal tissues, respectively. @entity286 exposure was higher in @entity5 @entity1 than controls with the habit of @entity286 . Controls with the habit of @entity286 who had lower @entity1432 (odds ratio [OR]=10.58, P= .008) and high @entity286 exposure (OR=0.251, P= .05) showed an elevated risk of @entity5 development. @entity1 showing a lipid peroxidation level above the cutoff level as compared to @entity1 below the cutoff level showed poor overall survival, whereas those with @entity1432 and total antioxidant status levels below the cutoff level as compared to their respective counterparts showed poor overall survival. In conclusion, lipid peroxidation and @entity1432 could be useful for predicting the risk of @entity105 in healthy @entity286 consumers and predicting overall survival of @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant status, and total XXXX levels predict overall survival in @entity1 with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity1432 :: ('CHEBI:29256', 'Chemical') :: ['thiol', 'Thiol']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['oral carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity1432 :: (CHEBI:29256,Chemical) :: ['thiol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity74 ( @entity74 ) is an assisted reproductive technology procedure which provides parents with the option of conducting genetic analyses to determine if a mutation is present in an embryo. Though studies have discussed perceptions of @entity74 from a general population, couples or high-risk @entity1 , no studies to date have specifically examined @entity74 usage among @entity1 . This study sought to explore perceptions and attitudes towards @entity74 among males who either carry a BRCA mutation or have a partner or first degree relative with a BRCA mutation. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 228 @entity1 visiting the Facing Our Risk of @entity5 Empowered or Craigslist website. Eligibility criteria included @entity1 who self-reported they had been tested for a BRCA mutation or had a partner or first degree relative tested for a BRCA mutation. A 41-item survey assessed socio-demographic, clinical characteristics, @entity74 knowledge and attitudinal factors and consideration of the use of @entity74 . Differences in proportions of subgroups were tested using the Monte Carlo exact test for categorical data. A multiple logistic regression model was then built through a backward elimination procedure. RESULTS: Although 80% of @entity1 reported being previously unfamiliar with @entity74 , after learning the definition of @entity74 , 34% of the 228 respondents then said they would 'ever consider the use of @entity74 '. Respondents who thought of @entity74 only in terms of 'health and safety' were almost three times more likely (OR = 2.82; 95% 1.19-6.71) to 'ever consider the use of @entity74 ' compared with respondents who thought of @entity74 in terms of both 'health and safety', and 'religion and morality'. CONCLUSIONS: As with other anonymous web-based surveys, we cannot verify clinical characteristics that may impact consideration of @entity74 use. Our findings indicate high-risk @entity1 need more information about @entity74 and may benefit from educational materials to assist them in reproductive decision-making.

title: High risk XXXX 's perceptions of pre-implantation genetic diagnosis for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PGD', 'Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: We report here results obtained using @entity2827 and @entity4337 as model compounds to investigate the effects of high dose levels and osmolarity-mediated artefacts in mutagenicity assays using cultured @entity1 cells. Three assay systems were used with different genetic end-points: (i) mutation to @entity332 resistance in @entity3569 V79 cells; (ii) induction of chromosome aberrations in @entity3569 ovary cells; and (iii) induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis in HeLa S3 cells. In V79 cells we observed sporadic increases in mutation frequency after treatment with @entity2827 . @entity4337 increased the mutation frequency in a narrow interval of dose levels. @entity2008 were induced by both compounds at the highest concentrations tested, confirming previously published data; the effects of @entity4337 were more marked. The chromosome aberrations observed included both deletions and exchange figures. Neither compound induced UDS in our experiments. We performed the Ames test as a check for mutagenic contaminants and both compounds gave entirely negative results. Although the osmolarities of @entity2827 and @entity4337 solutions were similar, the effects of @entity4337 were always greater at equivalent concentrations; the nature of the solute, and not only the observed osmolarity, appears to influence the results obtained. Similarly, we have observed that @entity3733 causes a marked increase in the osmolarity of the culture medium without any obvious induction of chromosome aberrations. Although the presence of S9 had little effect on the osmolarity of the medium, differences in response were observed after treatments with or without S9. For the two model compounds it appears that an osmotic mechanism alone does not provide a sufficient explanation of the findings.

title: High-dose-level effects in mutagenicity assays utilizing XXXX cells in culture.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chloride', 'Potassium chloride']

entities_list: @entity332 :: ('MESH:D013866', 'Chemical') :: ['6-thioguanine']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylsulphoxide']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['Chromosome aberrations']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: @entity393 is the most common sensory defect in the world. The genetic basis of this condition is very complex. Molecular variations in @entity3492 gene are the common cause of @entity393 in Caucasians. One expects that affected members of a family with same mutation have similar phenotype. Here, we report phenotypic variability in @entity393 among the members of a Lur family. Two brothers from a Lur family from Lurestan province in western Iran with variable degrees of nonsyndromic @entity1274 were evaluated for genetic counseling. Clinical examinations, audiological tests and molecular studies including @entity3492 gene sequencing and detection of Delta( @entity4700 -D13S1830) deletion were performed. Sequencing analysis of @entity3492 gene revealed delE120 mutation in both brothers in homozygous form. Since one of them was profoundly deaf and the other was mild @entity393 and had normal conversation, we were expecting different genotypes or other causative effects. Delta( @entity4700 -D13S1830) was not found. Phenotypic variability between members of different families with the same type of mutation can be expected which may be due to the role of different modifying factors, unrecognized gap junction isoforms, or polymorphism effects.

title: High level of intrafamilial phenotypic variability of non-syndromic hearing loss in a Lur family due to delE120 mutation in XXXX gene.

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'hearing impairment', 'Hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

answer: @entity3492 :: (2706,Gene) :: ['GJB2']


abstract: @entity3742 is an @entity74 characterized by @entity882 with large platelets and @entity17524 (GP) Ib-IX complex. We have identified a young female with an acquired @entity1423 and a coexisting primary @entity2590 . Abnormal @entity2981 had developed at age 5. A normal platelet count with some giant platelets was noted at age 7. At age 9 she developed a large haematoma following surgery. Laboratory investigation revealed @entity882 and large platelets. Platelet membrane glycoprotein analysis showed a marked @entity2244 of the GP Ib-IX complex (approximately equal to 25% of normal). Flow cytometry revealed two populations of platelets: a predominant population of large platelets lacking the GP Ib-IX complex and a minor population of normal-sized platelets with normal GP Ib-IX expression. The @entity1 developed progressive @entity417 , more severe @entity882 and @entity1398 , and circulating blast cells were seen. A bone marrow showed @entity17525 with marked @entity1141 of all three lineages and increased blasts. Marrow cytogenetic studies showed the presence of monosomy 7 in all metaphases, with an additional trisomy 21 in 10%. Peripheral blood cells were normal 46XX. The above data are consistent with an acquired @entity2590 associated with a @entity1423 .

title: An acquired @entity1423 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2244 :: ('MESH:C537005', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of the components']

entities_list: @entity17524 :: ('MESH:C564245', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of the platelet membrane glycoprotein']

entities_list: @entity3742 :: ('MESH:D001606', 'Disease') :: ['Bernard-Soulier syndrome']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['Bernard-Soulier-like platelet defect']

entities_list: @entity17525 :: ('MESH:C536704', 'Disease') :: ['gross hypercellularity']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'myelodysplastic disorder']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited bleeding abnormality']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['juvenile myelodysplastic syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically improved @entity1 @entity465 virus (HIV)/acquired @entity465 ( @entity791 ) treatment, prevention and also has been found to increase the lifespan of @entity645 / @entity791 @entity1 by providing durable control of the @entity645 replication in @entity1 . Efavirenz is a non- @entity2353 reverse transcriptase inhibitor of @entity2858 . The purpose of this study is to formulate efavirenz-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles to improve efavirenz delivery into various organs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nanoparticles were prepared by desolvation technique and coated with @entity6496 80. @entity1068 , @entity3584 , and @entity2656 were used as desolvating, cross linking agent, and cryoprotectant, respectively. Drug to polymer ratio was chosen at five levels from 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, and 1:6 (by weight). The formulated nanoparticles were characterized for Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies, entrapment efficiency, particle size, surface charge, surface morphology, in vitro drug release, release kinetics, stability studies, and biodistribution studies. RESULTS AND MAJOR CONCLUSION: The particle size of the prepared formulations was found below 250nm with narrow size distribution, spherical in shape and showed good entrapment efficiency (45.62-72.49%). The in vitro drug release indicated biphasic release and its data were fitted to release kinetics models and release pattern was Fickian diffusion controlled release profile. The prepared nanoparticles increased efavirenz delivery into various organs by several fold in comparison with the free drug.

title: Albumin nanoparticles coated with XXXX 80 as a novel drug carrier for the delivery of antiretroviral drug-Efavirenz.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity6496 :: ('CHEBI:53426', 'Chemical') :: ['polysorbate']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency syndrome', 'immunodeficiency']

answer: @entity6496 :: (CHEBI:53426,Chemical) :: ['polysorbate']


abstract: Older veterans with acute @entity173 do not receive adequate evaluation and treatment for @entity170 , irrespective of their age and underlying health status. INTRODUCTION: @entity173 are a serious complication of @entity170 , leading to high mortality and morbidity. Prior studies have found significant undertreatment of @entity170 in @entity1 with @entity173 . We examined the rate of bone density ( @entity1555 ) testing and @entity170 treatment among a predominantly male population hospitalized with @entity173 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of @entity1 age 65 years and older hospitalized in U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals with @entity173 (N = 3,347) between 1 October, 2004 and 30 September, 2006. The primary outcome was receipt of @entity1555 testing or initiation of pharmacotherapy within 12 months of @entity174 . RESULTS: The mean age of the study population was 79.0 years (SD = 6.7), 96.5% were male, and 83.3% were white. Only 1.2% of @entity173 @entity1 underwent @entity1555 testing and 14.5% received @entity170 therapy within 12 months of @entity174 . Among @entity174 @entity1 with minimal comorbid illness (N = 756) only 1.6% underwent @entity1555 testing and 13.0% received pharmacotherapy. In logistic regression models, treatment rates were higher for @entity1 compared to @entity1 (odds ratio, 3.30; 95% CI, 2.16-5.04) and lower for blacks compared to whites (odds ratio, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.45-0.99). CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation and treatment of @entity170 among @entity1 with @entity174 is suboptimal even in an integrated healthcare delivery system with generous pharmaceutical coverage. This study suggests that the undertreatment of @entity170 demonstrated in the private sector is also present within the VA.

title: Testing and treatment for @entity170 following XXXX in an integrated U.S. healthcare delivery system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'hip fracture', 'Hip fractures']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: @entity2460 ( @entity2460 ) are rare spindle cell @entity5 that usually arise in the pleura, although they also occur in extrapleural sites. @entity2460 usually have a favorable clinical course; however, a small number of metastasizing cases have been reported. We evaluated the detailed clinicopathological findings of 20 extrapleural and 16 @entity9662 . Among them, 6 cases of the histologically malignant variant (4 extrapleural and 2 @entity5 ) were identified. According to the follow-up data, none of the cases, including the 6 @entity5 , developed @entity3 in this series. There were no significant differences in the histologic findings between the extrapleural and @entity9662 . Tumor @entity39 was frequently associated with the malignant variant. Immunohistochemically, malignant @entity2460 revealed more frequent @entity876 expression (4/6) compared with ordinary @entity2460 (2/30) (P=0.0027). The @entity1758 @entity894 ( @entity894 ) was significantly higher in malignant @entity2460 (mean 13.48) than in ordinary @entity2460 (mean 7.27) (P=0.0023). Our results indicate that @entity5 @entity39 , @entity876 expression and a high @entity1758 @entity894 are additional parameters of the malignant variant of @entity2460 , although they do not necessarily have predictive value for biological behavior. Further studies are required to find reliable molecular biomarkers for predicting the clinical outcome of @entity1 with this unique @entity5 .

title: Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of extrapleural and @entity9662 : A special emphasis on the comparison between ordinary XXXX and their malignant variant.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labeling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'tumors', 'pleural tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity9662 :: ('MESH:D054363', 'Disease') :: ['pleural SFTs']

entities_list: @entity2460 :: ('MESH:D054364', 'Disease') :: ['Solitary fibrous tumors', 'SFTs']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1567 is a @entity5 of the mandible and maxilla that, if neglected, can cause severe @entity73 . A thorough understanding of its clinicopathological behaviour is essential to avoid recurrence associated with inadequately treated disease. Currently, wide resection and immediate reconstruction is the treatment of choice in most cases of mandibular @entity1567 . We present our experience in the management of this disease and review the current status of the literature. METHOD: Retrospective review of all @entity1 between 1996 and 2006 with histologically confirmed @entity1567 . A literature review on the current understanding of this disease and its management is then presented. RESULTS: Six @entity1 were identified, ranging between 23 and 54 years old. All were females. Two @entity5 involved the angle and posterior body of the mandible, one the angle and ramus, one the body and two the anterior mandibular. Four @entity1 underwent mandibular reconstruction with free tissue transfer and two by non-vascularized bone grafts. All procedures were successful. One @entity1 developed @entity1150 requiring anticoagulation. Another developed a collection at the mandibular surgical site requiring drainage. Satisfactory union was achieved in all cases with no evidence of recurrence. All @entity1 had adequate cosmesis, masticatory efforts and speech. CONCLUSION: @entity1567 remains a challenge and requires a thorough understanding of the behaviour of its different clinicopathological variants. We have found segmental mandibulectomy and immediate reconstruction to be an excellent treatment option in our series of @entity1 .

title: Mandibular XXXX : clinical experience and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1567 :: ('MESH:D000564', 'Disease') :: ['ameloblastoma', 'Management of ameloblastoma', 'Ameloblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['locally aggressive odontogenic tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['facial disfigurement and functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

answer: @entity1567 :: (MESH:D000564,Disease) :: ['ameloblastoma']


abstract: 1. Principal cells in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) are part of a circuit in the superior olivary complex (SOC) that processes binaural information important for sound localization. MNTB cells have two voltage-dependent currents active near rest that contribute to these cells' highly nonlinear membrane properties and shape their responses to synaptic input. One of these currents, a low-threshold, @entity973 (4-AP)-sensitive K+ current, has been studied previously under current clamp. Using the single-electrode voltage-clamp technique, we have investigated the other of these currents, a hyperpolarization-activated, mixed cation current (Ih), in brain slices of the @entity35 SOC. 2. Ih is responsible for a prominent "sag" in the voltage response to a steady hyperpolarizing current recorded under current clamp in MNTB cells. In voltage-clamp recordings, hyperpolarizing voltage steps from the resting potential elicited a large inward current that activated and deactivated with biexponential kinetics. Activation time constants were voltage dependent, with tau 1 and tau 2 = 246 and 1620 ms at -75 mV and 107 and 560 ms at -100 mV. 3. Ih was blocked by 1-5 mM @entity5166 and had a reversal potential of -43 mV. Steady-state activation curves derived from tail currents yielded a half-activation voltage of -75.7 mV and slope factor of 5.7 mV, corresponding to < 10% activation of Ih at rest. 4. Application of @entity1063 (15-20 microM) or @entity5987 ( @entity7410 ) (1 mM) caused a depolarizing shift in the steady-state activation curve and decreased the activation time constants. The shift in the activation curve resulted in a large increase in the activation of Ih at rest, an inward shift in the holding current, and an increase in the resting membrane conductance. In current-clamp recordings, this increase in the resting activation level of Ih resulted in membrane depolarization of 2-3 mV in the absence of 4-AP, and 5-10 mV in the presence of @entity974 , an increase in the input conductance, and a reduction in the voltage sag in response to hyperpolarizing currents. 5. The resulting change in the resting point of MNTB cells exposed to @entity1063 or @entity7410 is likely to alter the responses of these cells to synaptic input, both via the direct effect on the resting membrane conductance and by changing the activation of the low-threshold, 4-AP-sensitive @entity972 current.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Hyperpolarization-activated cation current (Ih) in neurons of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body: voltage-clamp analysis and enhancement by XXXX and cAMP suggest a modulatory mechanism in the auditory brain stem.

entities_list: @entity5987 :: ('MESH:D015124', 'Chemical') :: ["8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate"]

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']


abstract: The presence of @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in @entity43 indicates a host antitumor response and is associated with improved survival. We wished to determine the extent to which TIL density differs from site to site within a given @entity1 . We initially studied multiple paired @entity3 from serous @entity43 obtained at the time of primary debulking. The expression of genes in specific immune-related pathways was profiled on a pilot set of five @entity1 . We then used immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR to estimate the density of CD3+, @entity405 +, and @entity403 + TILs in these same @entity5 . To extend the findings to a larger cohort, we semiquantitatively measured intraepithelial and stromal TILs in a @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ) containing both @entity5 and @entity3 from 50 @entity1 . In the pilot group, genes related to antimicrobial signaling and TGF-beta signaling showed between-site heterogeneity, whereas cytokines and antigen presentation transcripts were more homogeneous in any given @entity1 . IHC and qPCR for T cell markers were concordant. In the @entity3145 cohort, 2-way ANOVA showed that TIL heterogeneity between sites was present in some but not all @entity1 . The stroma of extra-ovarian @entity3 showed significantly greater TIL infiltration than ovarian sites. A simulation showed that at clinically meaningful levels of precision, up to 3% of @entity1 will be misclassified for intraepithelial TILs by a single biopsy. In conclusion, between-site heterogeneity exists in some @entity1 with @entity43 . The predictive value of biopsies should be considered in clinical trial design.

title: Tissue-based immune monitoring II: multiple XXXX sites reveal immunologic homogeneity in serous @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'metastatic serous ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue microarray', 'TMA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: This study presents the epidemiological and mycological aspects of 299 @entity1 with nail lesions who were referred to three diagnostic laboratories in the city of Cali. The diagnosis of @entity364 was established through visualization of mycotic structures in a direct microscopic examination of skin scrapings and by isolation. @entity6313 was found in 183 cases (61.2%), of which 141 were in toenails (44 in males and 97 in females), 38 in fingernails (9 males and 29 females), and 4 cases in toenails and fingernails simultaneously (all females). No statistically significant relation was found between sex and @entity6313 . @entity375 accounted for 40.7% of the @entity364 , dermatophytes for 38%, nondermatophyte molds for 14% and the etiology was mixed in the remaining cases (7.3%). @entity5132 was the most commonly isolated @entity375 species; the most common dermatophyte was @entity12734 and Fusarium spp. and Scytalidium dimidiatum were the most common nondermatophytic molds. Them common fungi found in fingernails were @entity375 ; in toenails dermatophytes were more prevalent (chi2 with Yates' correction = 19.75, P= 0.000088). @entity375 were observed more frequently in females while dermatophytes were more common in males. The difference between these two etiologic groups was statistically significant (chi2 with Yates' correction = 7.43, P = 0.0064); no relation was observed according to age.

title: XXXX in Cali, Colombia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6313 :: ('MESH:D014009', 'Disease') :: ['Onychomycosis', 'onychomycosis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Yeasts', 'yeast', 'yeasts']

entities_list: @entity12734 :: ('5551', 'Species') :: ['Trichophyton rubrum']

answer: @entity6313 :: (MESH:D014009,Disease) :: ['Onychomycosis']


abstract: The 5-year survival rate for @entity1 with @entity5 ( @entity1149 ) is 10%. A number of genetic alterations are associated with this disease including mutations and amplifications of @entity470 (70%) and Ras (20-30%), both of which are upstream of @entity10412 . Our previous data show that these regulate @entity5 radiation sensitivity. Here we ask whether the activation of this pathway has prognostic relevance in @entity1149 . Two series of @entity1 were retrospectively analyzed. The first series consisted of 23 Stage III @entity1149 @entity1 treated preoperatively with a chemo/radiation protocol. The second consisted of 12 Stage III @entity1149 @entity1 treated with chemo/ radiation without surgery who had survived more than 2 years. Expression levels of @entity470 and @entity1722 were assessed by immunohistochemical staining. @entity10412 signaling was evaluated by staining for phosphorylated @entity584 (P- @entity584 ), a downstream target of @entity10412 . The staining for @entity470 , @entity1722 , and P- @entity584 were related to outcome in the two groups. Additionally, the importance of @entity10412 signaling was evaluated in 3 @entity1149 cell lines using a pharmacological blockade of @entity10412 by @entity2306 . In the first series of @entity1 , 43% were positive for @entity470 , 5% for @entity1722 , and 82.6% for P- @entity584 . Of the survivors, 25% were positive for @entity470 , 0% for @entity1722 , and 42% for P- @entity584 . For P- @entity584 , this difference had a probability calculation of 0.003. The three @entity1149 cell lines that we tested were found to have high levels of P- @entity584 . Pharmacologically inhibiting @entity10412 led to decreased @entity584 phosphorylation and radio sensitization of all three cell lines. The finding that @entity1149 survivors treated by radiation have lower levels of @entity10412 and @entity584 signaling is consistent with the idea that inhibition of @entity584 leads to radio sensitization. This further suggests that @entity584 might be a useful target for sensitization of @entity1149 to radiation.

title: Signaling pathways in XXXX as a predictor of outcome and response to therapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical judgment, the ability to make appropriate decisions in uncertain situations, is central to neurological practice, but objective measures of clinical judgment in neurology trainees are lacking. The @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ), based on script theory from cognitive psychology, uses authentic clinical scenarios to compare a trainee's judgment skills with those of experts. The @entity1062 has been validated in several medical disciplines, but has not been investigated in neurology. METHODS: We developed an Internet-based @entity16 ( @entity16 ) comprising 24 clinical scenarios with three to four questions each. The scenarios were designed to reflect the uncertainty of real-life clinical encounters in adult neurology. The questions explored aspects of the scenario in which several responses might be acceptable; trainees were asked to judge which response they considered to be best. Forty-one @entity1262 -PGY5 neurology residents and eight medical students from three North American neurology programs (McGill, Calgary, and Mayo Clinic) completed the @entity16 . The responses of trainees to each question were compared with the aggregate responses of an expert panel of 16 attending neurologists. RESULTS: The @entity16 demonstrated good reliability (Cronbach alpha = 0.79). Neurology residents scored higher than medical students and lower than attending neurologists, supporting the test's construct validity. Furthermore, @entity16 scores discriminated between senior (PGY3-5) and junior residents ( @entity1262 -2). CONCLUSIONS: Our @entity16 is a practical and reliable instrument, and our findings support its construct validity for assessing judgment in neurology trainees. The @entity16 has potentially widespread applications as an evaluation tool, both in neurology training and for licensing examinations.

title: The XXXX : a new tool assessing clinical judgement in neurology.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['NSCT', 'neurology SCT']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'Script Concordance Test']

answer: @entity1062 :: (MESH:D013736,Disease) :: ['Script Concordance Test']


abstract: Antibodies directed against species-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) have a broad range of applications in serologic and immunologic research and in the development of clinical assays. Validated anti-IgG antibodies for marine @entity1 species are in short supply. The objective of this study was to produce and validate antibodies with specificity for IgG of the common bottlenose dolphin ( @entity13552 ). Bottlenose dolphin IgG was purified using protein G. Two mouse monoclonal antibodies and a rabbit polyclonal antibody were developed from @entity19 and @entity95 immunized with bottlenose dolphin IgG. The specificity of the monoclonal antibodies and the polyclonal antibody for bottlenose dolphin IgG was first verified by Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For further validation, both monoclonal antibodies and the polyclonal antibody were incorporated in an indirect ELISA for the detection of the immune response of bottlenose dolphins to a vaccine antigen. Three bottlenose dolphins were immunized with a commercial @entity13553 vaccine, and serial blood samples were collected from all dolphins for measurement of levels of circulating antibodies. Seroconversion was observed in all 3 dolphins by use of both monoclonal antibodies and the polyclonal antibody. Circulating antibodies were detectable as early as 6 days after immunization in 1 dolphin. Peak antibody levels were detected 14 days after the immunization. The ability to detect seroconversion in all 3 immunized bottlenose dolphins firmly establishes the specificity of the monoclonal antibodies and the polyclonal antibody for IgG of the common bottlenose dolphin.

title: Development and validation of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies for the detection of immunoglobulin G of bottlenose dolphins ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity13553 :: ('1648', 'Species') :: ['Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae']

entities_list: @entity13552 :: ('9739', 'Species') :: ['Tursiops truncatus']

answer: @entity13552 :: (9739,Species) :: ['Tursiops truncatus']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Symptoms of @entity1 with @entity792 are not specific, and some @entity1 may present symptoms suggestive of @entity356 . This study aims to investigate whether any delay in @entity356 of solid food exists in @entity1 with @entity792 and, if so, to identify the factors that might affect @entity356 . METHODS: A total of 165 @entity1 (106 @entity1 ) diagnosed as having @entity792 were analyzed by means of a @entity356 test. All @entity1 underwent a standardized scintigraphic @entity356 study. @entity1 with @entity356 and normal @entity356 tests were then compared by means of factors that might affect @entity356 . Also 65 @entity1 with functional @entity2210 who had a @entity356 study constituted the control group. RESULTS: The median @entity356 T    time was 127.43  min (min-max 50-953) for @entity1 with AIG and 81  min (min-max 21-121.6) for functional @entity2210 @entity1 (p  <  0.001), and median percent retention at 2  h was 63.8 versus 20.2 (p  <  0.001). In multivariate analysis, parameters that affected @entity356 T    time were found as serum @entity8243 level (OR 1.002, 95  % CI 1.001-1.004, p  <  0.001, @entity32 (OR 3.689, 95  % CI 1.44-9.39, p  <  0.001), and increase in the degree of the @entity356 (OR 8.96, 95  % CI 2.98-26.93, p  <  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity792 , @entity356 is generally delayed. @entity792 is an important etiology to explain the finding of @entity356 on a radionuclide test. This new finding is likely to be relevant to clinicians when evaluating and initiating appropriate medical treatment for @entity1 with @entity792 manifesting @entity344 .

title: Assessment of Gastric Emptying in XXXX with @entity792 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmune gastritis', 'autoimmune gastritis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying', 'delayed gastric emptying', 'atrophy of the gastric mucosa']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Worldwide, the evolution of management of @entity99 has resulted in improved outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the trend in the management and outcomes of @entity1 with @entity99 . Primary outcomes were defined as mortality and hospital length of stay. The secondary aim was to identify independent predictors of mortality. METHODS: This study utilized hospital @entity130 registry data of all @entity130 @entity1 with @entity99 admitted from 1999 to 2013. @entity1 in this 15-year period were divided into three periods of 5 years each and compared in terms of demographics, management and outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 725 @entity1 with @entity99 were included. @entity1 demographics were similar, except for an increase in @entity1 transfers from rural locations. Non-operative management increased significantly. There was a significant increase in the use of damage control surgery with perihepatic packing in high-grade @entity99 managed operatively. Hepatic angioembolization commenced midway through the study period. The overall mortality decreased by approximately threefold (P < 0.001) and mortality within 24   h of arrival to hospital by approximately fivefold (P < 0.001). Controlling for independent predictive factors of mortality, the mortality within 24   h reduced from 18.8% in period 1 to 3.6% in period 3 (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: At this institution, an integrated @entity130 service has led to an evolution in the management of @entity99 , favouring non-operative management, damage control surgery and the use of hepatic angioembolization. We experienced a significantly improved mortality within 24   h of arrival to hospital in @entity1 with liver @entity130 .

title: Changes in the management of liver XXXX leading to reduced mortality: 15-year experience in a major @entity130 centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injuries', 'liver injury', 'hepatic trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: We describe the localization of three proteins of the @entity22 ( @entity22 ) family, @entity12155 in @entity19 ovarian oocytes. We showed that Mcm proteins are stored in two forms: soluble and insoluble. Soluble @entity12155 were uniformly distributed in the nuclei of ovarian oocytes. Insoluble @entity12155 and @entity12156 (but not @entity12157 ) were detected in the nuclei of resting, growing and fully-grown transcribing oocytes. In transcriptionally inactive fully-grown oocytes, @entity12155 underwent redistribution and @entity12156 disappeared. A similar effect was observed when transcription in growing oocytes was inhibited with alpha-amanitin. We postulate that in @entity19 oogenesis, the insoluble Mcm proteins are engaged in processes related to regulation of transcription and/or chromatin organization. In oocytes preparing for meiotic maturation, aggregates of the insoluble form of @entity12155 fragmented, dispersed and ultimately disappeared from the nuclei. Numerous @entity12155 -positive deposits were observed in the cytoplasm of maturing oocytes. In the one-cell embryo, insoluble @entity12155 appeared in the G1 nucleus, persisted in the S phase and was undetectable in the G2 nucleus. Such behavior of @entity12155 supports its involvement in chromatin licensing in the first embryonic cell cycle.

title: Accumulation and dynamics of proteins of the XXXX family during @entity19 oogenesis and the first embryonic cell cycle.

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['MCM', 'minichromosome maintenance']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['MCM']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Widespread food insecurity in Africa continues to compromise an effective response to the @entity791 epidemic. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a comprehensive indicator of physical, mental, and social well-being that is associated with food insecurity and increasingly used to assess the well-being of @entity1 living with @entity645 / @entity791 (PLHIV). We examined the impact of a food assistance intervention, previously shown to have reduced household food insecurity and improved nutritional status, on HRQoL of PLHIV. METHODS: We capitalized on an existing intervention targeting antiretroviral therapy (ART)- na  ve PLHIV in Uganda, and conducted a prospective impact evaluation including a treatment and a comparison group. Data analyzed included 640 @entity1 from two districts (318 in the intervention district) interviewed in both clinic and household settings at baseline and again approximately one year later. The main outcomes considered were physical and mental health dimensions of HRQoL, and other outcomes included self- and healthcare provider-reported symptoms. We utilized difference-in-difference propensity score matching methodologies to infer causality and examine program impacts. RESULTS: Over 12 months, food assistance significantly increased physical health scores (PHS) by 2.85 (P < .01) or approximately 0.35 SD, and reduced substantially the number of self- and healthcare provider-reported @entity645 -related symptoms by 3.83 and 2.68, respectively (P < .01). There was no significant impact, however, on @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the potential importance for HRQoL of including food assistance programming as part of the standard of care for PLHIV in areas of widespread food insecurity.

title: Improving Health-Related Quality of Life among XXXX Living with @entity645 : Results from an Impact Evaluation of a Food Assistance Program in Uganda.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['MHS', 'mental health scores']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['People']


abstract: PURPOSE: No single standard treatment paradigm is available for @entity213 of an unknown primary (HNCUP). Bilateral neck radiotherapy with @entity33 irradiation is widely used, with or without chemotherapy and/or surgical resection. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is a highly conformal method for delivering radiation that is becoming the standard of care and might reduce the long-term treatment-related sequelae. We report the Dana-Farber @entity5 Institute experience with IMRT-based treatment for HNCUP. @entity1 AND MATERIALS: A retrospective study of all @entity1 treated at the Dana-Farber @entity5 Institute for HNCUP with IMRT between August 2004 and January 2009. The primary endpoint was overall survival; the secondary endpoints were locoregional and distant control, and acute and chronic @entity137 . RESULTS: A total of 24 @entity1 with HNCUP were included. Of these @entity1 , 22 had Stage N2 disease or greater. All @entity1 underwent neck computed tomography, positron emission tomography-computed tomography, and examination under anesthesia with directed biopsies. Of the 24 @entity1 , 22 received concurrent chemotherapy, and 7 (29%) also underwent induction chemotherapy. The median involved nodal dose was 70 Gy, and the median mucosal dose was 60 Gy. With a median follow-up of 2.1 years, the 2-year actuarial overall survival and locoregional control rate was 92% and 100%, respectively. Only 25% of the @entity1 had Grade 2 @entity2133 , although 11 @entity1 (46%) required esophageal dilation for stricture. CONCLUSION: In a single-institution series, IMRT-based chemoradiotherapy for HNCUP was associated with superb overall survival and locoregional control. The @entity2133 rates were promising, but the aggressive therapy was associated with significant rates of @entity3332 .

title: Efficacy and XXXX of chemoradiotherapy using intensity-modulated radiotherapy for unknown primary of head and neck.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3332 :: ('MESH:D004940', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal axis']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: Speed of response to therapy predicts outcome in @entity981 . This observation has been made studying both blood and bone marrow in @entity1 on widely differing treatment regimens from the 1970s to the present day. It appears to be independent of other classical prognostic factors such as age and diagnostic white cell count. Currently some major collaborative groups are using the rate of initial disease clearance to risk-stratify subsequent therapy and this practice may increase. The best way to measure the rate of disease clearance remains to be defined. @entity1503 is the least invasive method but possibly the least sensitive. Molecular quantitation of @entity41 ( @entity41 ) after achievement of conventional remission is much more sensitive but less specific. It cannot be applied to all @entity1 and is costly and time consuming. The degree of @entity236 remaining after 7 or 14 days may fall between the two but is often difficult to estimate reliably and reproducibly due to technical limitations. The three techniques may reflect response to therapy in a way slightly different from each other and may not be direct correlates. The best compromise may be to use all three but to reserve @entity41 study only for those who clear their blood and bone marrow after 7 days.

title: Clinical importance of speed of response to therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Watching disappearance of peripheral blood blasts']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow infiltration']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity101 is one of the most frequent complications of pregnancy. Due to high risk of morbidity and mortality in both mothers and @entity1 , it is necessary to continuously monitor the pregnancy, principally with biophysical methods. Particularly, doppler velocimetry of the materno-fetal circulation proves useful. THE AIM of the study was to assess the usefulness of doppler test in monitoring the condition of the foetus in preterm delivered pregnancy complicated with @entity101 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The retrospective analysis comprised the data of 116 @entity1 who delivered prematurely at the Clinics of the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics at the Collegium Medicum of the Jagiellonian University in the years 2006-2007, resulting in creation of Group I involving 38 pregnant @entity1 with @entity1468 , and Group II of 36 @entity1 whose pregnancy was complicated with gestational @entity101 . Control group was formed of 42 @entity1 with correct arterial blood pressure. When describing the groups, the differences in the birth weight and Apgar score were indicated. RESULTS: A significant statistical difference was found in the area of pulsation rate in the umbilical artery and cerebro-placental ratio (CPR). In the case of @entity3152 complicated with arterial pressure disorders, the foetus is characterised with worse organic perfusion and slower somatic growth than if no concomitant @entity101 is present. @entity101 forms an additional risk factor in the course of @entity3152 , and doppler velocimetry is a good method for monitoring the condition of the foetus, as it allows for detection of irregularities and for implementation of relevant treatment to improve the newborn's condition at birth.

title: Doppler velocimetry of the materno-fetal circulation in preterm delivered pregnancies complicated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: To evaluate ventricular filling and interactions between right and left ventricles in @entity1 with old @entity583 , right and left ventricular time-volume curves were analyzed from a cineangiographic study of 10 normal subjects (Group 1), 10 @entity1 with old anterior @entity583 (Group 2) and 10 @entity1 with old inferior @entity583 (Group 3). Volumes of both ventricles were calculated from each frame over an entire cardiac cycle using Simpson's method. From time-volume curves, peak ejection rates, peak filling rates and atrial kick rates were obtained for both ventricles and these parameters were normalized by end-diastolic volume. All @entity1 were in sinus rhythm with heart rates less than 80 beats/min. There were no significant differences among the 3 groups in end-diastolic pressure of both ventricles and mean pulmonary artery pressure. Left ventricular ejection fractions were significantly lower in Groups 2 and 3 than in Group 1 (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.005, respectively), although there were no significant differences in end-diastolic volume indexes of either ventricle among the 3 groups. Peak left ventricular ejection rate and peak filling rates of the left and right ventricles were lower in Group 2 than in Group 1 (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.05, p less than 0.01, respectively) and peak filling rate of the right ventricle in Group 2 correlated with the peak filling rate of the left ventricle and left ventricular ejection fraction (r = 0.64, r = 0.64, respectively). Peak filling rate of the right ventricle in Group 2 correlated inversely with left ventricular peak negative dp/dt (r = -0.72), but no correlation was found between peak filling rate of the right ventricle and left ventricular end-diastolic volume index or mean pulmonary artery pressure. Peak ejection rate of the left ventricle and peak filling rates of both ventricles in Group 3 were lower than in Group 1 (p less than 0.02, p less than 0.02, p less than 0.01, respectively) and no correlation was found between peak filling rates of both ventricles. Wall motion of the right ventricular septal portion was slightly reduced in 5 @entity1 in Group 2. In all @entity1 in Group 3, right ventricular wall motion centering around the right ventricular diaphragmatic portion was reduced. These results suggest that in old inferior @entity583 , right ventricular wall motion abnormality results in @entity67 , whereas in old anterior @entity583 , right ventricular filling is reduced indirectly due to @entity1002 .

title: Impaired right ventricular filling in old XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['impaired right ventricular filling']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['impaired left ventricular filling']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to describe the economic outcomes from a prospective multicenter registry of primary coronary angioplasty. BACKGROUND: Interest in coronary angioplasty without preceding thrombolytic therapy as a primary reperfusion strategy has increased as a result of three recent randomized trials showing outcomes equivalent to or better than standard thrombolytic therapy. METHODS: The Primary Angioplasty Registry enrolled 270 @entity1 with @entity583 at six private tertiary care medical centers. Baseline and follow-up medical costs and counts of resources consumed were collected from enrollment to the 6-month follow-up visit. Correlates and predictors of cost were identified with multivariable linear regression modeling. RESULTS: Ninety-five percent of @entity1 had a revascularization procedure during the baseline hospital period: 85% had coronary angioplasty only; 4% had coronary bypass surgery only; 6% had both procedures. The total mean baseline hospital cost (not charge) was  13,113, with mean physician fees of  5,694. During the follow-up period, repeat coronary angiography was performed in 21% of @entity1 , whereas 13% had repeat angioplasty and 3% bypass surgery. Mean hospital follow-up costs were  3,174, with mean physician fees of  1,443. Independent correlates of higher baseline hospital costs included older age (p = 0.049), anterior @entity1188 (p = 0.03), initial Killip class (p < 0.0001), more severe @entity301 (p = 0.0015), need for bypass surgery alone or in addition to angioplasty (p < 0.0001) and recurrent @entity63 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Costs of primary angioplasty for @entity1 with @entity583 eligible for thrombolysis were strongly influenced by @entity1188 - and procedure-related complications but only modestly influenced by @entity1 selection factors.

title: Baseline and 6-month costs of primary angioplasty therapy for XXXX : results from the primary angioplasty registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE: Hernia repairs are a common surgical procedure, and are associated with a significant cost. Despite the acceptance of the advantages of early elective @entity547 repairs, the incidence of emergency admissions with complicated presentations remains high, and the natural history of an untreated @entity547 is not obvious. This study aimed to define risk factors related with unfavorable outcomes in groin @entity547 repairs. METHODS: We analyzed the records of 685 elective or emergency repairs of groin hernias between December 2005 and June 2009. @entity1 age ranged from 17 to 85 years, with 240 (35%) of @entity1 being older than 60 years of age. Indirect @entity169 were the most common @entity547 type in both sexes of @entity1 . Coexisting cardiopulmonary problems were noted in 294 male and 33 female @entity1 . American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grades 3 and 4 were encountered in 61 (9%) @entity1 . Data were analyzed by chi-square test. RESULTS: Significantly high incarceration and strangulation rates were found in females and @entity18659 . The overall morbidity rate was 7%, major complications 3%. No mortality was observed in the series and postoperative complications were significantly more common in @entity1 with high ASA score and severe coexisting cardiopulmonary problems. Advanced age, delayed admission, @entity18659 and female sex were also linked with unfavorable outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of complicated presentation and unfavorable outcome in @entity1 with groin @entity547 is significant in the presence of factors such as advanced age, @entity18659 , female sex, delayed admission, severe coexisting cardiopulmonary problems and high ASA score. Although it is difficult to estimate the natural history of untreated @entity547 , @entity547 repairs of @entity1 with the above-mentioned risk factors should be timely and elective.

title: Risk factors related with unfavorable outcomes in groin XXXX repairs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernias']

entities_list: @entity18659 :: ('MESH:D006550', 'Disease') :: ['femoral hernia type', 'femoral hernia', 'femoral type hernia']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: The development and sex differences of the central nervous GABAergic system were examined by measuring @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ) in discrete brain nuclei of the hypothalamus, as well as the nigrostriatal and the limbic systems of male and female @entity35 on the day of birth and on days 5, 10, and 15. The highest concentrations were found in the hypothalamic and nigrostriatal nuclei; the lowest in the limbic system. Sex differences were observed only on day 10 in the medial preoptic area, with @entity1246 being higher in males than in females; and also in the substantia nigra, where female @entity1246 levels were higher than male. These results suggested an involvement of @entity1246 in the @entity4998 . As a control, concentrations of the @entity1246 precursor @entity2227 were determined. No sex differences in @entity2227 concentrations were found in any brain region during the first 15 days postnatally. Since a @entity1246 mimetic substance applied during the critical period of brain differentiation could disturb the development of the GABAergic system, the consequences of a perinatal treatment with the @entity1246 agonist @entity6341 were investigated. Significant reduction of @entity1246 concentrations by @entity6341 were observed in the hypothalamic and nigrostriatal systems at specific times postnatally. On day 5, @entity1246 concentrations were diminished only in the medial preoptic area, then on day 10, in the anterior hypothalamus and the substantia nigra, and still later, on day 15, in the caudato putamen. In contrast, the effects of @entity6341 on @entity2227 concentrations could be observed over a longer postnatal period. @entity2227 was already diminished on day 5 in 7 areas of the hypothalamic, nigrostriatal, and limbic systems.

title: Postnatal development of transmitter systems: sexual differentiation of the GABAergic system and effects of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6341 :: ('MESH:D009118', 'Chemical') :: ['muscimol']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['sexual differentiation of the brain']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

answer: @entity6341 :: (MESH:D009118,Chemical) :: ['muscimol']


abstract: PURPOSE: Attempts to improve survival of @entity1 with @entity418 have been made using induction chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by surgery. A large single-center experience was reviewed to determine which treatment-related variables could predict survival and recurrence. @entity1 AND METHODS: All @entity1 undergoing esophagectomy between January 1994 and December 2002 were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using log-rank and Cox proportional hazards models, and survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Of 171 @entity1 with @entity3 , 131 (77%) underwent preoperative CRT. The average age was 60 years, and most @entity1 were male (85%). Operations performed included Ivor-Lewis (60%), transhiatal (8%), three-hole (23%), or left thoracoabdominal (8%) esophagectomy. Perioperative mortality rate was 5%. Median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of the entire group was 33 months, and the 5-year @entity1349 rate was 26%. Induction CRT was associated with a 33% 5-year survival rate compared with 11% for surgery alone (P = .43). @entity1 downstaged to pathologic stage 0 or I had an improved @entity1349 and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) compared with those @entity1 who were not downstaged (P = .022). Additionally, the ability to perform an R0 resection was a significant factor for @entity1349 and @entity66 (n = 130; P < .0001 and P <.0002, respectively). CONCLUSION: Response to CRT and the ability to perform an R0 resection are associated with significantly improved survival in @entity1 with @entity418 .

title: Complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in XXXX is associated with significantly improved survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DFS', 'disease-free survival']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify early predictors of @entity8480 ( @entity8480 ) involvement in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ). METHODS: During a 7-year followup period, all consecutive @entity1 fulfilling the ILAR classification criteria for @entity4932 were enrolled. Data collected included demographic, clinical and laboratory variables at disease onset, at the onset of @entity615 , and at the last available followup visit. Pelvis radiographs and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans for @entity8480 joints were obtained simultaneously in all @entity1 who developed @entity615 . RESULTS: Fifty-nine @entity1 with @entity4932 were studied; 40 male, 19 female; median age at disease onset 9 years 4 months (range 6 yrs 6 mo - 13 yrs 3 mo). At a median interval after disease onset of 1 year 3 months, 21 @entity1 reported symptoms of @entity615 . In all cases, radiographs of @entity8480 joints were negative, while dynamic MRI revealed acute @entity6592 in 17 cases. Multivariate analysis showed that the early predictors of @entity8480 were the number of active joints (p < 0.03) and the number of active entheses (p < 0.001) at onset. CONCLUSION: In our cohort, roughly 30% of @entity1 with @entity4932 /juvenile idiopathic @entity625 develop clinical and MRI evidence of @entity6592 , detectable with dynamic MRI as early as 1 year after disease onset. Additional data from larger case series are needed to assess the specificity and sensitivity of this technique in the early phase of the disease and to confirm the rate of @entity8480 involvement reported in this cohort.

title: Early predictors of XXXX in @entity4932 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6592 :: ('MESH:D058566', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliitis']

entities_list: @entity8480 :: ('MESH:C563037', 'Disease') :: ['SI', 'sacroiliac']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['enthesitis-related arthritis', 'ERA']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory back pain']

answer: @entity6592 :: (MESH:D058566,Disease) :: ['juvenile sacroiliitis']


abstract: In 1984, the @entity1 , a 68-year-old male, underwent pacemaker implantation for the treatment of @entity1817 . Because of a postoperative pocket infection, the atrial lead was removed ; but it was difficult to extract the ventricular lead, which was therefore left in place. While under observation, transient @entity4 , @entity955 , chest discomfort were noted. Chest X-ray revealed that the ventricular lead had gradually moved to the side of the pulmonary artery. Pre-operative phlebography of the internal jugular vein led to a diagnosis of obstruction of the superior vena cava ( @entity6480 ). Maze procedure was performed and the lead was readily removed through the right atriotomy. The obstruction was incised and the lesion reconstructed by using a patch by the autologous pericardium. The satisfactory return of circulation was confirmed by postoperative imaging. At the discharge, an electrocardiograph indicated a sinus rhythm and a heart rate was 82 ppm. The @entity4 and @entity1109 had been completely eliminated.

title: [Patch angioplasty for superior vena cava syndrome after pacemaker implantation and maze procedure for chronic XXXX ; report of a case].

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['facial edema']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sick sinus syndrome']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: the different clinical and laboratory features and response to treatment of @entity1 with @entity697 (BEO) reporting to the reference hospital in Southeastern Anatolia of @entity233 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: in this study, 27 male @entity1 with @entity3377 , who presented with @entity3892 or @entity11570 ( @entity11570 ) at the university hospital in Diyarbakir from 1998 to 2006, were included. They were compared with the other male @entity1 . Positive blood culture or high agglutination titers of > 1/160 and positive clinical manifestations of @entity3377 were the main criteria for diagnosing @entity3377 . RESULTS: fourteen @entity1 had unilateral @entity11570 . @entity491 was present in 10 @entity1 ; all of them had initial agglutination titers of > 1/160 and 10 @entity1 had a positive blood culture. All @entity1 received combined therapy with @entity3639 for the first 21 days (or oral @entity1215 for 6-8 weeks) with @entity3403 or @entity803 for 6-8 weeks. All showed improvement, fever subsided in 3-7 days, and the scrotal enlargement and tenderness regressed. Only one @entity1 had a relapse within one year. CONCLUSION: in @entity3377 areas, clinicians encountering @entity11570 should consider the likelihood of @entity3377 . In this study, young age was the most common risk factor, and @entity491 and high CRP level were the most common laboratory findings. Most cases were unilateral. All @entity1 responded to medical management very well. Conservative management with combination antibiotic therapy was adequate for managing BEO. Conclusively, @entity3377 must be considered as a cause of @entity11570 , especially in @entity4759 regions like @entity233 .

title: XXXX in southeastern part of @entity233 : an 8 year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute brucellar epididymo-orchitis']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis', 'brucellosis-endemic']

entities_list: @entity3892 :: ('MESH:D004823', 'Disease') :: ['epididymitis']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity11570 :: ('MESH:D009920', 'Disease') :: ['EO', 'orchitis', 'epididymo-orchitis']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['Leukocytosis', 'leukocytosis']

answer: @entity11570 :: (MESH:D009920,Disease) :: ['Brucellar epididymo-orchitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with disabilities are socio-economically disadvantaged and have poorer health than @entity1 without disabilities; however, little is known about the way in which disadvantage is patterned by gender and @entity73 . OBJECTIVES: 1. To describe whether socio-economic circumstances vary according to @entity73 (sensory and speech, intellectual, physical, psychological and acquired @entity1545 ). 2. To compare levels of socio-economic disadvantage for @entity1 and @entity1 with the same impairment type. METHODS: We used a large population-based disability-focused survey of Australians, analyzing data from 33,101 @entity1 aged 25-64. Indicators of socio-economic disadvantage included education, income, employment, housing vulnerability, and multiple disadvantage. Stratified by impairment type, we estimated: the population weighted prevalence of socio-economic disadvantage; the relative odds of disadvantage compared to @entity1 without disabilities; and the relative odds of disadvantage between @entity1 and @entity1 . RESULTS: With few exceptions, @entity1 with disabilities fared worse for every indicator compared to @entity1 without disability; those with intellectual and @entity73 and acquired @entity1545 were most disadvantaged. While overall @entity1 with disabilities were more disadvantaged than @entity1 , the magnitude of the relative differences was lower than the same comparisons between @entity1 and @entity1 without disabilities, and there were few differences between @entity1 and @entity1 with the same impairment types. CONCLUSIONS: Crude comparisons between @entity1 with and without disabilities obscure how disadvantage is patterned according to impairment type and gender. The results emphasize the need to unpack how gender and disability intersect to shape socio-economic disadvantage.

title: Intersections between disability, XXXX , gender and socio-economic disadvantage in a nationally representative sample of 33,101 working-aged Australians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'people', 'People', 'men']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['psychological impairments', 'type of impairment']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injuries', 'brain injury']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['type of impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7984 is nonreceptor @entity669 kinase that represents the earliest detectable signaling response after antigen-activated inflammatory cells. Studies in animal models of @entity56 have shown that inhibitors of @entity669 kinases exert an anti-inflammatory effect. In the @entity7984 gene, several polymorphisms have been described. There have, however, been no studies analyzing the impact of @entity7984 gene polymorphisms on the course and severity of @entity565 . The aim of this study was to analyze the possible relationship between three polymorphisms ( @entity13368 , Intron10 @entity13369 and Ex @entity13370 ) in the @entity7984 gene and @entity565 . METHODS: We analyzed 120 pediatric @entity748 @entity1 aged from 6 to 18 years. The diagnosis of @entity56 was based on clinical manifestation, lung function test and positive skin prick tests and/or an increased IgE level. The control group consisted of 187 healthy subjects. The polymorphisms were genotyped with use of the PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS: We observed an association of the @entity13368 polymorphism and the presence of @entity565 (p = 0.014 for genotypes and p = 0.019 for alleles) and in the subgroup of 55 @entity1 with severe @entity565 (p = 0.042 for genotypes and p = 0.021 for alleles). We also found an association of the Ex @entity13370 polymorphism in the whole group analyzed (p = 0.067 for genotypes and p = 0.024 for alleles), but not in the subgroup with severe @entity565 . For the Intron @entity13371 polymorphism, we did not find a significant difference between the whole group of @entity748 @entity1 and the control group nor between the subgroup with severe @entity565 and the control group. In the linkage disequilibrium analysis, we observed a modest linkage between @entity13368 and Intron @entity13371 polymorphisms (lod = 18.7, D' = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.51-0.71, r2 = 0.29); however, it was not strong enough to generate any haplotypes. CONCLUSIONS: The results may suggest a relationship between the @entity7984 polymorphisms and @entity56 .

title: Association analysis of @entity669 kinase @entity7984 gene polymorphisms in @entity748 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of antibiotic lock solutions for preventing catheter-related @entity582 in @entity1 receiving haemodialysis. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University teaching hospital, Hong Kong. @entity1 : Consecutive @entity1 from March 2006 to April 2007 who had central venous catheter insertion for haemodialysis in our centre were included in this historically controlled study. In all, 75 @entity1 had catheters with heparin solution alone and 74 had catheters with a @entity801 antibiotic lock. The majority of catheters were non-tunnelled (95%). Cumulative catheter survival free of catheter-related @entity582 in the two groups was compared. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics in the two groups were similar apart from a slightly lower serum @entity2313 level in those with @entity801 locks. There were 18 and five catheter-related @entity582 episodes before and after recourse to @entity801 antibiotic locks, respectively. @entity794 contributed to over half (65%) of the total @entity582 episodes. Use of @entity801 antibiotic locks significantly reduced catheter-related @entity582 episodes per 1000 catheter days from 4.6 to 1.5 (P=0.002). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis using the log rank test showed significantly better bloodstream infection-free survival associated with using @entity801 antibiotic locks (P=0.032). A similar survival advantage was associated with @entity801 antibiotic locks when the analysis was restricted to non-tunnelled catheters. There was no significant association of catheter-related @entity582 with @entity1 age, @entity28 , gender, baseline serum @entity2313 level, or @entity6 . No serious adverse events were attributable to the use of @entity801 antibiotic locks. CONCLUSION: Use of @entity801 lock solutions effectively reduced catheter-related @entity582 in haemodialysis @entity1 , including those with non-tunnelled catheters.

title: Antibiotic lock solutions for the prevention of catheter-related @entity582 in haemodialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study school- @entity1 between the ages of 6 and 8 in order to make an economic comparison between two programmes aimed at preventing caries in the first permanent molars: sealants or @entity2862 varnish. DESIGN: A field trial over 24 months, with three groups of school- @entity1 (sealant/varnish/control). SETTING: Primary Care in the school environment (Granada). @entity1 : 362 school- @entity1 between 6 and 8: 314 were followed for 24 months (100 sealant, 98 varnish and 116 control group). INTERVENTION: Sealant and @entity2862 varnish on the first healthy permanent molars, with weekly reapplications, using portable equipment. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The increase was measured over a 24-month period in both the DMFT (the total of the first permanent molars either with caries, missing because of caries or sedice filled) and the DMFS (DMFT, but referring to the surface) indexes. In relation to the DMFT, the effectiveness of the sealant (difference in increase of DMFT between the sealed and control groups) was -1.06 (Standard Error = 0.16) and of the varnish, -0.58 (SE = 0.18), which were statistically different figures. For DMFS, the effectiveness of the sealant was -1.83 (SE = 0.28) and of the varnish, 1.10 (SE = 0.33), also different. The costs per school- @entity1 did not differ sealant: 4,524 pesetas (SD = 1,248), and varnish: 4,373 (SD = 1,267). The cost/effectiveness ratio favored the sealant (4,268 pesetas per molar saved against 7,540). CONCLUSIONS: The sealant is more efficient (twice that of the varnish). The cost of saving a molar is 4,268 pesetas.

title: [Fissure sealants versus XXXX varnish on the first permanent molars: economic assessment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity2862 :: ('MESH:D005461', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorine']

answer: @entity2862 :: (MESH:D005461,Chemical) :: ['fluorine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: The relationship between age and esophageal motility parameters (i.e. basal and residual pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter [LES]) remains to be established in @entity1318 @entity1 , possibly because most previous studies did not distinguish between classic and @entity1318 @entity1 . We investigated the relationship between age and esophageal motility parameters in both classic and @entity1318 @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective review of esophageal manometry data in a single center was undertaken. Basal and residual pressure for LES was analyzed. A total of 103 @entity1318 @entity1 were enrolled, comprising 84 classic and 19 vigorous types. They were subdivided into three different age groups as follows: 21-40 years old (group A), 41-60 years old (group B), and over 60 years old (group C). RESULTS: In classic @entity1318 @entity1 (M : F = 27:57, mean age = 44 +/- 15 years old) the older age group showed a significantly higher basal LES pressure (49.62 +/- 19.63 mmHg) than the younger age group (P < 0.0001). Moreover, the older age group also showed significantly high residual LES pressure (20.46 +/- 8.61 mmHg) than the younger age group (P = 0.0006). In contrast, in @entity1318 @entity1 (M : F = 12:7, mean age: 47 +/- 15 years old) there were no difference between age and motility indices (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: In classic @entity1318 @entity1 there appears to be a correlation between age and esophageal motility indices, especially basal and residual LES pressure. Such correlations do not appear to exist for @entity1318 @entity1 .

title: Basal and residual lower esophageal pressures increase in old age in classic XXXX , but not @entity1318 .

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia', 'vigorous achalasia']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: Sulfated and unsulfated @entity6741 composition was studied in serum and bile in 10 @entity1 with @entity7160 . Samples, collected before and 2 months after portacaval @entity254 , were analyzed using a gaschromatographic method. Mean total serum @entity6741 levels rose from 32.0 +/- 5.3 (SE) mumol/liter before to 87.4 +/- 13.3 mumol/liter after surgery (P less than 0.005). The increase in serum @entity6741 levels was significantly only with respect to the unsulfated fraction (22.7 +/- 3.0 mumol/liter to 67.6 +/- 8.1 mumol/liter, P less than 0.005). Thus the percent sulfation of total serum @entity6741 decreased from 24.6% to 19.2%. The sulfated @entity6741 fraction comprised mainly @entity10140 both before and after surgery. Percent sulfation of individual @entity3645 was not modified after portacaval @entity254 . @entity6741 sulfates were present in bile only in negligible amounts. The daily urinary excretion of @entity3645 , studied in 6 @entity1 , increased significantly (P less than 0.05) after surgery, the increase being due only to the unsulfated compounds. Data from this study indicate that in cirrhotic @entity1 no significant changes occur in serum with respect to sulfated @entity3645 after portacaval @entity254 , despite a definite increase in serum unsulfated @entity6741 levels. This is likely due to the lack of an efficient enterohepatic circulation of @entity6741 sulfates.

title: Sulfated @entity3645 in serum, bile, and urine of cirrhotic XXXX before and after portacaval @entity254 .

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid', 'Bile acid']

entities_list: @entity10140 :: ('MESH:D002635', 'Chemical') :: ['chenodeoxycholate']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity7160 :: ('MESH:D008104', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic cirrhosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Previously, we reported that Thymelaea hirsuta extract has antimelanogenesis effect on B16 @entity19 @entity320 cells. The extract was subjected to fractionation, and hirsein A (HA) and hirsein B (HB) were discovered and tested for their ability to regulate melanogenesis in B16 cells. Western blot (WB) analysis was carried out to determine the expression of @entity22835 . Moreover, to elucidate the possible mechanism behind melanogenesis regulation, real-time PCR using primers for @entity22836 , Tyr, @entity22837 and Dct genes, and protein kinase C (PKC) activity assay were carried out. Results clearly show that 0.1 mum HA and HB significantly reduced the melanin content. This reduction in melanin content was accompanied by reduced @entity22835 expression as detected by WB analysis. There was also a significant decrease in the expression level of @entity22836 gene in HA- and HB-treated cells. HA down-regulated the expressions of Tyr, @entity22837 and Dct, whereas HB down-regulated only those of @entity22837 and Dct. Interestingly, HB-treated cells had lower kinase activity than HA-treated cells indicating a possible difference in the activities of the compounds but with the same mechanism of melanogenesis regulation. We report for the first time that HA and HB can down-regulate melanogenesis by down-regulating @entity22836 gene expression, leading to reduced expressions of Tyr, @entity22837 and Dct. The hirseins were also able to reduce the kinase activity, suggesting the possible involvement of PKC in the overall ability of the hirseins to down-regulate melanogenesis.

title: Hirseins inhibit melanogenesis by regulating the gene expressions of XXXX and melanogenesis enzymes.

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity22836 :: (17342(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Mitf']