abstract: RR intervals of ten elite trotting @entity1641 were recorded during an interval training session performed on track. This study examined two hypotheses. Firstly, like in @entity1 , the hyperpnea combined with a decrease in cardiac autonomic control on heart rate during @entity11728 exercise could result in a prevalence of high frequency heart rate variability. Secondly, this prevalence could increase with the @entity11728 exercise repetition. Two exercise intensities were compared: moderate (ME) and @entity11728 ( @entity11728 ). Furthermore, @entity11728 exercise repetitions were compared between the beginning and the end of the interval training session. When comparing ME and @entity11728 periods: heart rate was significantly lower (155 +/- 12 vs. 210 +/- 9 ms, p < 0.001), LF spectral energy (0.04 - 0.2 Hz) was significantly higher (ME: 6.94 +/- 4.80 and @entity11728 : 0.24 +/- 0.14 ms(2) . Hz (-1), p < 0.001) whereas HF (0.2 - 2 Hz) was significantly lower (ME: 7.09 +/- 2.24 and @entity11728 : 10.60 +/- 3.64 ms(2) . Hz (-1), p < 0.05). In relative terms, ME showed similar results in both LFn (LF/LF+HF) and HFn (HF/LF+HF) whereas @entity11728 showed a large prevalence of HFn energy compared to LFn (p < 0.001). The difference in LF/HF ratio between the two exercise conditions was significant (1.14 +/- 0.92 vs. 0.09 +/- 0.12, p < 0.001). Exercise repetition induced a significant increase in heart rate between the beginning and the end of the interval training session (207 +/- 10 beats . min (-1) vs. 212 +/- 9 beats . min (-1), p < 0.001) whereas LF energy decreases (1.54 +/- 1.65 vs. 0.32 +/- 0.24 ms(2) . Hz (-1), p < 0.01) and HF energy remained constant (10.79 +/- 4.10 vs. 10.40 +/- 3.35 ms(2) . Hz (-1), NS). This study confirmed the results observed in @entity1 during @entity11728 exercise conditions with a large prevalence of HF in contrast to LF, this prevalence increasing with exercise repetitions. The observed decrease in LF/HF ratio could provide an index of hyperpnea in @entity1641 during interval training.

title: Effect of exercise intensity and repetition on heart rate variability during training in elite trotting XXXX .

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horse']


abstract: We presented examples of both supraventricular and @entity67 which can occur in athletic individuals, even presidents. The vast majority of rhythm problems we deal with in athletes are fortunately benign, entities such as frequent @entity11706 . In each @entity1 encountered, we ask ourselves the five questions noted in the discussion pertaining to symptomatology, anatomic source of the @entity943 , presence or absence of underlying @entity299 , and precipitating factors. The most common more sustained SVTs we see are AVNRT and @entity955 . @entity956 is less common. These are more of a nuisance to @entity1 rather than a threat to their lives, although rarely cerebral embolic events can occur. Therapy includes avoidance of precipitating factors and, when necessary, a sequential trial of available drugs, carefully documenting the response and watching closely for any pro-arrhythmic events. We infrequently see NSVT in athletes, even triplets of VPBs on exercise testing, and rarely see instances of sustained VT. The latter merits a careful search for underlying @entity299 and usually electrophysiology-guided drug therapy. New techniques such as radiofrequency ablation of the dysrhythmic focus may obviate the need for chronic drug therapy in selected cases.

title: XXXX in presidents and other athletes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11706 :: ('MESH:D018880', 'Disease') :: ['atrial ectopic beats or VPBs']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular rhythm disorders']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Cardiac arrhythmias']


abstract: @entity28576 (HMUra) is a chemically stable derivative of @entity6244 formed through the action of ionizing radiation which we previously identified in the DNA of gamma-irradiated HeLa cells [Teebor, G. W., Frenkel, K., _ Goldstein, M. S. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81, 318-321]. In this report, we determine whether HMUra can be used as a marker of exposure of DNA to ionizing radiation. Dose-response curves for its formation in @entity665 -labeled DNA were constructed by exposing the DNA to increasing amounts of gamma-radiation and measuring the HMUra content. DNA was irradiated both in solution and in intact cells. HMUra was identified as the @entity37131 @entity45057 ( @entity55420 ) by subjecting the irradiated DNA to enzymatic digestion and analyzing the mixture of @entity37131 by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The identity of the radiogenically formed @entity55420 was confirmed by acetylation and the structure of the @entity16374 derivative obtained by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. At two different DNA concentrations in solution, the same number of @entity1014 moieties were converted to @entity55420 , indicating that within this range of concentration the formation of @entity55420 was mediated through the indirect action of ionizing radiation. Equal amounts of @entity55420 were formed in single- and double-stranded DNA at each radiation dose, indicating that DNA conformation did not affect @entity55420 formation. Surprisingly, the G value (number of @entity55420 molecules formed/100 eV) was higher in irradiated cellular DNA than in DNA irradiated in solution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Quantitative determination of the XXXX moiety in the DNA of gamma-irradiated cells.

entities_list: @entity28576 :: ('MESH:C008055', 'Chemical') :: ['5-(Hydroxymethyl)uracil']

entities_list: @entity45057 :: ('MESH:C018080', 'Chemical') :: ["5-(hydroxymethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine"]

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity37131 :: ('CHEBI:18274', 'Chemical') :: ["2'-deoxyribonucleosides", "2'-deoxyribonucleoside"]

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity28576 :: (MESH:C008055,Chemical) :: ['5-(hydroxymethyl)uracil']


abstract: Studies on controlled release dosage forms were conducted by using waxy materials for a newly developed anti- @entity566 drug, @entity62601 (TA-5707F), which is not maintained at an effective level in blood for a long duration. Four kinds of tablets were prepared by changing the amount of hydrogenated oil (K3 wax) and @entity968 in the tablets. Then, they were administered orally to @entity235 , and the TA-5707F concentration in the plasma was determined by a HPLC method. The pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated and compared with the results of the in vitro dissolution test determined by the JP paddle method and by the disintegration method. The linearity between the in vivo mean dissolution time (MDT) and in vitro MDT was good in both in vitro dissolution methods. However, the MDTs obtained by the disintegration method were one-third of the in vivo MDT, while those obtained by the paddle methods were 3 times higher. This suggests that both the diffusion of TA-5707F through the waxy matrix and the erosion of the wax matrix caused by the gastrointestinal (GI) tract mobility contributed to the in vivo dissolution mechanism. The blood levels were very low when the tablet was administered after giving food. The prolongation of resident time in the stomach and the low solubility of TA-5707F in an acidic medium seemed to be related to the phenomena. By the @entity308 of @entity344 using @entity12593 , the blood levels could be markedly prolonged and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) increased 1.3 times.

title: Preparation of controlled release tablets of @entity62601 with wax matrix type and their in vivo evaluation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['beagle dogs']

entities_list: @entity62601 :: ('MESH:C040360', 'Chemical') :: ['6-methyl-N-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-2-pyridinecarboxamide']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI motility']

entities_list: @entity12593 :: ('MESH:D011413', 'Chemical') :: ['propantheline bromide']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethyleneglycol-6000']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['beagle dogs']


abstract: The Quattro Trial compared the use of four @entity2858 @entity16757 ( @entity16757 ) inhibitors ( @entity9611 , @entity16332 , @entity61543 and @entity8051 ), given either as four-drug combination therapy or monotherapy, with 8-week cycles of each drug, with @entity9611 / @entity16332 dual therapy. Observations of resistance associated and other mutations in the @entity16757 gene were made to determine whether therapy failure could be explained by acquisition of these mutations and whether novel mutation patterns developed. As in the intent-to-treat analysis, the use of cyclical monotherapy gave a smaller reduction in plasma virus load at 64 weeks (0.4 log10 copies/ml below baseline) than the quadruple or dual therapy arms (1.3 and 0.8 log10 copies/ml below baseline). Cyclical therapy appeared to generate less genotypic resistance to @entity9611 , @entity61543 or @entity8051 than the other arms. Resistance to @entity16332 (mutation @entity19899 ) developed rapidly in all three arms. Resistance to @entity9611 was acquired by a larger proportion of subjects on dual therapy than on quadruple therapy. Resistance to @entity61543 or @entity8051 was rarely observed. During @entity16332 monotherapy the @entity19899 mutation was rapidly acquired and viral load rebounded. @entity8051 monotherapy initially selected @entity19899 mutants, but these were lost as therapy continued. Novel mutations that may have been associated with combination or cyclical quadruple therapy were observed infrequently. There was no clear correlation between changes in response to therapy and the development of previously described resistance mutations or with novel mutations in the @entity16757 gene.

title: Observations of XXXX genotypic drug resistance in a trial of four @entity16757 inhibitors (Quattro Trial).

entities_list: @entity8051 :: ('MESH:D016047', 'Chemical') :: ['zalcitabine', 'Zalcitabine']

entities_list: @entity9611 :: ('MESH:D015215', 'Chemical') :: ['zidovudine']

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity16757 :: ('MESH:D054038', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'reverse transcriptase']

answer: @entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In airways, a proliferative effect is played directly by cholinergic agonists through nicotinic and muscarinic receptors activation. @entity5 respond to aberrantly activated cholinergic signalling is a key question in smoking-related @entity5 . This research was addressed to explore a possible link of cholinergic signalling changes with @entity5 biology. METHODS: Fifty-seven paired pieces of @entity213 ( @entity213 ) and adjacent non-cancerous tissue (ANCT) were compared for their mRNA levels for @entity3451 -related proteins and @entity3451 -hydrolyzing activity. RESULTS: The measurement in ANCT of @entity10810 ( @entity10810 ) and @entity1390 ( @entity1390 ) activities (5.416        0.501  mU/mg protein and 6.350        0.599  mU/mg protein, respectively) demonstrated that upper respiratory tract is capable of controlling the availability of @entity3451 . In @entity213 , @entity10810 and @entity1390 activities dropped to 3.584        0.599  mU/mg protein (p   =   0.002) and 3.965        0.423  mU/mg protein (p   <   0.001). Moreover, @entity5 with low @entity10810 activity and high @entity1390 activity were associated with shorter @entity1 overall survival. ANCT and @entity213 differed in mRNA levels for @entity10810 -T, a3, a5, a9 and b2 for @entity6786 subunits. @entity286 exposure had a great impact on the expression of both @entity10810 -H and @entity10810 -T mRNAs. Unaffected and cancerous pieces contained principal @entity10810 dimers and @entity1390 tetramers. The lack of nerve-born @entity33078 -linked @entity10810 agreed with pathological findings on nerve terminal remodelling and loss in @entity213 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the low @entity10810 activity in @entity213 can be used to predict survival in @entity1 with @entity135 . So, the ChE activity level can be used as a reliable prognostic marker.

title: Dysregulated cholinergic network as a novel biomarker of poor prognostic in XXXX with @entity213 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity1390 :: ('590', 'Gene') :: ['BChE', 'butyrylcholinesterase']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'How tumors']

entities_list: @entity10810 :: ('43', 'Gene') :: ['AChE', 'acetylcholinesterase']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['HNSCC', 'head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of standard large @entity130 craniotomy (SLTC) on outcomes of @entity1 with severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ) (GCS<=8). METHODS: 230 @entity1 with severe @entity131 were randomly divided into two groups. 115 @entity1 underwent SLTC (10 cm x 12 cm) as an SLTC group, and other 115 @entity1 underwent temporo-parietal or fronto-temporal craniotomy (6 cm x 8 cm) according to the position of @entity1410 as a routine craniotomy (RC) group. Other treatments were identical in two groups. According to Glasgow outcome scale (GOS), the prognosis of the @entity1 was evaluated and the complications were compared between two groups. RESULTS: 27 @entity1 got good outcome and moderate disability (23.5%), 40 severe disability and vegetative survival (34.8%), and 48 died (41.7%) in SLTC group. 21 @entity1 got good outcome and moderate disability (18.3%), 28 severe disability and vegetative survival (24.3%), and 66 died (57.4%) in RC group. The incidence of incision @entity547 was lower in SLTC group than in RC group. However, the incidence of operative encephalocele, @entity302 and @entity281 were not different in two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Standard large @entity130 craniotomy significantly reduces the mortality of @entity1 with severe @entity131 without serious complications, but does not improve the life quality of the @entity1 .

title: Standard large XXXX craniotomy for severe @entity131 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial infection']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic epilepsy']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Many surgical procedures have been devised to manage @entity850 secondary to @entity130 . @entity17445 is the most severe form and the most difficult to repair. The Meyer procedure is a three-stage operation that provides structural support that is covered with mucosa. A laryngotracheal trough is created and a carved trough-shaped cartilage graft is placed above and lateral to it in the first stage. The skin over the graft is replaced by buccal mucosa in the second stage. In the last stage, the cartilage graft with overlying mucosa is swung onto the trough as a composite flap replacing the anterior and lateral laryngeal and tracheal walls. Attempt at reconstruction was made in 8 @entity1 . All but one lesion was secondary to endotracheal intubation. Two @entity1 were unable to be taken to completion of the third stage. Of the remaining 6 @entity1 , all have a functional voice and only 1 remains cannulated at night.

title: Meyer procedure for severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17445 :: ('MESH:C566379', 'Disease') :: ['Laryngotracheal atresia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['laryngotracheal stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['laryngotracheal stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pulmonary metastases occur in up to 25% of @entity14 ( @entity14 ) @entity1 . Many studies have reported that pulmonary metastasectomy might increase 5-year survival of these @entity1 . The aim of this study was to describe our experience with pulmonary metastasectomy for metastatic @entity14 and to explore the prognostic value of @entity876 overexpression and other factors. METHODS: Between July 2002 and December 2013, the clinicopathological data of 88 @entity1 with @entity14 who underwent pulmonary metastases resection were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Clinical, biochemical and imaging, and operative data, and expression of @entity876 were retrospectively collected. Immunohistochemical staining for @entity876 was performed on paraffin-embedded 5- m sections using mouse anti-human @entity5 protein @entity876 monoclonal antibody (DO-7, Dako, Denmark). Overall survival (OS) was calculated from resection of pulmonary metastases to death. The prognostic effect of each variable on survival was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. For the multivariate analysis of prognostic factors, the @entity797 regression model was used. RESULTS: There were 58 @entity1 and 30 @entity1 in this study, and their median age was 55 (range 31 to 85). Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) was performed in 59 cases (78%), and 29 @entity1 (19%) underwent thoracotomy. Lung wedge resection and pulmonary lobectomy were performed in 52 (59.1%) and 36 (40.9%) @entity1 , respectively. After a median follow-up duration of 44  months, the cumulative 5-year survival was 45.4%, and the median overall survival was 57.8  months. The expression of @entity876 significantly influenced survival. In @entity1 with @entity876 protein overexpression, we observed a median OS of 46.1  months, whereas the median OS of @entity1 with negative protein expression of @entity876 was 62.6  months (p   =   0.047). However, in multivariate analysis, @entity876 overexpression was failed to be an independently significant prognostic factor for survival. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary resection of metastatic @entity14 might offer a chance to prolong survival including those @entity1 with extrapulmonary metastases. @entity876 protein expression was identified as a prognosis-related factor for surgery.

title: Prognostic value of @entity876 for XXXX after surgical resection of pulmonary metastases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Premeiotic S-phase and meiotic recombination are known to be strictly coupled in @entity375 . However, the checkpoint pathway regulating this coupling has been largely unknown. In @entity6739 , @entity29815 is known to play an essential role in coordination of DNA replication and cell division during both mitotic growth and meiosis. Here we have examined whether the @entity29815 pathway also regulates the coupling of DNA synthesis and recombination. Inhibition of premeiotic S-phase with @entity1862 completely abrogates the progression of meiosis, including the formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). DSB formation is restored in @entity29815 mutant even in the presence of @entity1862 , although repair of DSBs does not take place or is significantly delayed, indicating that the subsequent recombination steps may be still inhibited. Examination of the roles of downstream checkpoint kinases reveals that @entity58171 , but not @entity34891 or @entity21769 , is required for suppression of DSB in the presence of @entity1862 . Transcriptional induction of some rec+ genes essential for DSB occurs at a normal timing and to a normal level in the absence of DNA synthesis in both the wild-type and cds1delta cells. On the other hand, the transcriptional induction of the @entity58172 + transcription factor and @entity49494 + phosphatase, which is significantly suppressed by @entity1862 in the wild-type cells, occurs almost to a normal level in @entity58171 delta cells even in the presence of @entity1862 . These results show that the @entity29815 - @entity58171 checkpoint pathway coordinates initiation of meiotic recombination and meiotic cell divisions with premeiotic DNA synthesis. Because @entity58172 + is known to be required for DSB formation and @entity49494 + is required for activation of meiotic cell divisions, we propose an intriguing possibility that the @entity29815 - @entity58171 meiotic checkpoint pathway may target transcription of these factors.

title: @entity29815 - @entity58171 mediates coupling of initiation of meiotic recombination with DNA replication. XXXX -dependent transcription as a potential target of meiotic checkpoint.

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['fission yeast']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity58172 :: (856768(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['Mei4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There have been few investigations conducted on the epidemiology and risk factors of @entity170 in @entity1 with @entity6 in China. The aim of this study was to disclose the percentage and the possible risk factors that influence @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in this population. METHODS: One hundred thirty-one elderly male @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 (73.12 +/- 5.54 years of age, @entity6 duration 5.28 +/- 3.56 years, HbA(1C) 7.87% +/- 1.82 %), >65 years of age were recruited. All subjects were submitted to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to evaluate the @entity79 at @entity3570 ( @entity3570 ), @entity2249 ( @entity2249 ), and femoral trochanter (FT). Fasting blood samples were taken to check hormones and biochemical levels. Demographic data were also collected. RESULTS: In the different bone sites studied, the percentage of @entity170 and @entity2331 varied in this group of @entity1 ranging from 29.0 to 31.3% and 29.0 to 33.6%, respectively. Weight, HbA(1C), body mass index, and @entity251 were correlated with @entity79 at all the bone sites studied. Weight was the best predictor among the above parameters for @entity79 by linear regression analysis at @entity3570 and @entity2249 , whereas @entity251 was the best predictor for @entity79 at FT. CONCLUSIONS: In the different bone sites studied, the percentage of @entity170 and @entity2331 varied ranging from 29.0 to 31.3% and 29.0 to 33.6%, respectively. Weight was the best predictor for @entity79 at @entity3570 and @entity2249 and @entity251 was the best predictor for @entity79 at FT. Poor glycemic control was correlated with @entity170 .

title: Bone mineral density and its related factors in elderly male Chinese @entity1 with @entity164 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spine', 'LS']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck', 'FN']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity169 repair is one of the most common operations in general surgery. The Lichtenstein tension-free operation has become the gold standard in open @entity169 . Despite the low recurrence rates, @entity158 and discomfort remain a problem for a large number of @entity1 . The aim of this study was to compare suture fixation vs. fibrin sealing by using a new monofilament PTFE mesh, i.e., the Infinit(  ) mesh by W. L. Gore _ Associates. METHODS: This study was designed as a controlled prospective single-center two-cohort study. A total of 38 @entity1 were enrolled and operated in Lichtenstein technique either standard suture mesh fixation or fibrin-sealant mesh fixation were used as described in the TIMELI trial. Primary outcome parameters were @entity260 with the new mesh (i.e., @entity281 ), @entity158 , and quality of life evaluated by the VAS and the SF-36 questionnaire. Secondary outcome was recurrence assessed by ultrasound and physical examination. Follow-up time was 1   year. RESULTS: Significantly, less @entity282 was reported in the fibrin-sealant group compared to the suture group at 6   weeks (P   =   0.035), 6   months (P   =   0.023), and 1 year (P   =   0.011) postoperatively. Additionally, trends toward a higher postoperative quality of life, a faster surgical procedure, and a shorter hospital stay were seen in the fibrin-sealant group. CONCLUSION: Fibrin-sealant mesh fixation in Lichtenstein hernioplasty effectively reduces acute and chronic @entity282 . Monofilament, macro-porous, knitted PTFE meshes seem to be a practicable alternative to commonly used polypropylene meshes in open @entity169 .

title: Assessment of XXXX and Quality of Life in Lichtenstein Hernia Repair Using a New Monofilament PTFE Mesh: Comparison of Suture vs. Fibrin-Sealant Mesh Fixation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['seroma, infection']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair', 'Inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: Abstract Introduction: We aimed to describe the pre-operative incidence of @entity2753 in @entity1 undergoing liver transplantation (LTx), as well as the rate and consequences of rapid peri-operative @entity1372 rises in these @entity1 . Methods: This was a retrospective before and after observational study performed at a University-affiliated LTx center between January 2007 and June 2013. The primary exposure was pre-operative @entity2753 , defined as a serum @entity1372 ( @entity4245 ) <133   mmol/L. The primary outcome was occurrence of a rapid @entity4245 shift, defined as >= 10   mmol/L in the first 24   h following LTx. The rates of rapid peri-operative @entity4245 shift were compared before and after a focused quality assurance (QA) initiative performed in July 2009. Results: Of 366 LTx, 69 (18.9%) had pre-operative @entity2753 , 6 (8.7%) of whom had a rapid rise in serum @entity1372 ( @entity4245 ). Rapid rise was associated with a greater intra-operative positive fluid balance (p   <   0.001) and use of intra-operative continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) (p   =   0.017). A rapid rise in @entity4245 was associated with more neurological investigations in the post-transplant period (brain computed tomography, electroencephalogram, swallow studies), increased @entity51 (p   =   0.006), more abnormal swallowing assessments (p   =   0.003), a tendency for more neurology consultations (p   =   0.058), increased discharge to a rehabilitation or long-term care facility (p   <   0.001), and increased 6-month mortality (p   <   0.001). Following a QA initiative, rapid peri-operative rises in @entity4245 among hyponatremic @entity1 was significantly reduced (20% vs. 0%, p   <   0.003). Conclusion: Pre-operative @entity2753 and rapid peri-operative @entity4245 shifts are associated with a more complicated post-operative course and worse outcomes following LTx. Increased education and awareness, along with process changes, such as standardizing CRRT prescription, can reduce iatrogenic rapid peri-operative shifts in @entity4245 .

title: Serum @entity1372 shift in hyponatremic XXXX undergoing liver transplantation: a retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity7926 represents a major clinical complication in chronic alcoholics. Previous studies from our laboratory indicate that acute and chronic exposure of liver cells to @entity1068 results in a major loss of cellular @entity1025 as a result of @entity285 oxidation. We investigated whether exposure to @entity1068 induces a similar @entity1025 loss in cardiac cells. The results indicate that chronic exposure to a 6% @entity1068 -containing diet depleted cardiac myocytes of >25% of their cellular @entity1025 content. Acute @entity1068 exposure, instead, induced a time- and dose-dependent manner of @entity1025 extrusion from perfused hearts and collagenase-dispersed cardiac ventricular myocytes. Pretreatment with @entity34022 prevented @entity1068 -induced @entity1025 loss to a large extent, suggesting a role of @entity1068 oxidation via cyP4502E1 in the process. @entity1760 extrusion across the sarcolemma occurred via the @entity6478 -inhibited @entity4024 / @entity1025 exchanger. Taken together, our data indicate that @entity1025 extrusion also occurs in cardiac cells exposed to @entity1068 as a result of @entity285 metabolism by cyP4502E1. The extrusion, which is mediated by the @entity4024 / @entity1025 exchanger, only occurs at doses of @entity1068 >= 0.1%, and depends on @entity1068 -induced decline in cellular @entity855 . The significance of @entity1025 extrusion for the onset of @entity7926 remains to be elucidated.

title: Effect of acute and prolonged @entity285 administration on XXXX homeostasis in cardiac cells.

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['amiloride']

entities_list: @entity7926 :: ('MESH:D002310', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic cardiomyopathy', 'Alcoholic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity34022 :: ('MESH:D002719', 'Chemical') :: ['chlormethiazole']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['Magnesium']

answer: @entity1025 :: (CHEBI:18420,Chemical) :: ['Mg(2+)']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Clinicians are currently encountering an increasing number of @entity1 in the long-term period after @entity215 ( @entity215 ) repair presenting with @entity338 ( @entity338 ) or right @entity67 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of the plasma @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) level and consider surgical indications and timing of @entity338 ( @entity338 ). We examined 33 @entity1 (21 males, 12 females, mean age 14.5      2.8  years) who underwent @entity215 repair at Kitasato University Hospital. All @entity1 were evaluated using echocardiography and blood sampling. The mean age at the time of initial repair was 1.3      0.7  years. The @entity1 with moderate-severe @entity338 exhibited significantly higher plasma @entity3876 levels than the @entity1 with trivial-mild @entity338 (mean 37.5      33.1 vs. 17.3      6.6  pg/ml, p  =  0.013). The mean plasma @entity3876 level with cardiac symptoms was higher than that observed in the @entity1 without any symptoms (71.4      46.1 vs. 25.0      14.0  pg/ml, p  =  0.005). The mean @entity3876 level was significantly decreased after @entity338 (71.3      46.1-26.1      13.2  pg/ml, p  =  0.009), and the plasma @entity3876 level was found to be positively correlated with the RV end-diastolic pressure (r  =  0.851; p  =  0.008). The optimal @entity3876 cut-off value for considering @entity338 was 32.15  pg/ml (sensitivity, 85.7  %; specificity, 83.3  %). The plasma @entity3876 level may become a useful diagnostic tool for considering the indications and optimal timing of @entity338 over the long term after @entity215 repair.

title: Clinical Utility of the Plasma XXXX Level in Monitoring Tetralogy of Fallot @entity1 over the Long Term After Initial Intracardiac Repair: Considerations for Pulmonary Valve Replacement.

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['PVR', 'pulmonary valve replacement', 'pulmonary valve regurgitation', 'PR']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular (RV) dysfunction']

answer: @entity3876 :: (4879,Gene) :: ['Brain Natriuretic Peptide']


abstract: @entity8729 facilitates @entity1 @entity189 in @entity465 @entity19 by mediating early interactions of platelets with @entity5 cells via their cell surface mucins, and this process can be blocked by heparin [Borsig, L., Wong, R., Feramisco, J., Nadeau, D. R., Varki, N. M. _ Varki, A. (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 3352-3357]. Here we show similar findings with a @entity19 @entity420 in syngeneic immunocompetent @entity19 but involving a different @entity8729 ligand, possibly a sulfated glycolipid. Thus, metastatic spread can be facilitated by @entity5 cell selectin ligands other than mucins. Surprisingly, @entity6232 expressed on endogenous leukocytes also facilitates @entity3 in both the syngeneic and xenogeneic (T and B lymphocyte deficient) systems. PL-selectin double deficient @entity19 show that the two selectins work synergistically. Although heparin can block both P- and @entity6232 in vitro, the in vivo effect of a single heparin dose given before @entity5 cells seems to be completely accounted for by blockade of @entity8729 function. Thus, @entity6232 on neutrophils, monocytes, and/or NK cells has a role in facilitating @entity3 , acting beyond the early time points wherein @entity8729 mediates interactions of platelet with @entity5 cells.

title: Synergistic effects of L- and @entity8729 in facilitating @entity5 XXXX can involve non-mucin ligands and implicate leukocytes as enhancers of @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'bloodborne tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma metastasis']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Clostridium bacteria are anaerobic Gram positive spore-form-ing bacilli, known to cause distinct clinical syndromes such as botulism, @entity116 , @entity8307 and myonecrosis. The natural habitats of Clostridium species are soil, water and the gastrointestinal tract of animals and @entity1 . In 5-10% of all @entity1 , Clostridium species are also found to be normal inhabitants in the microbial flora of the female genital tract. In case of a @entity5860 , Clostridium species are isolated in 4-20%, and clostridium welchii seems to be the most common isolate. Clostridium sordellii is rarely encountered in clinical specimens (1% of Clostridium species), but it has been described as a @entity1 pathogen with fatal potential. Two toxins, a lethal and a hemorrhagic (that antigenically and pathophysiologically appear similar to @entity2718 toxins B and A, respectively) are responsible for this potential. Reviewing the obstetric literature, only six cases of postpartum @entity7288 caused by C. sordellii, are described - all being fatal. In addition, one lethal case of spontaneous @entity7288 resulting from C. sordellii is reported. The clinical aspects of these cases include: - sudden onset with @entity683 -like symptoms in previously healthy @entity1 - progressive refractory @entity551 - local and spreading tissue edema - absence of fever Laboratory findings include: - marked leukocytosis - elevated hematocrit. This paper reports the seventh fatal postpartum C. sorlellii associated @entity137 - the first recognized in Scandinavia.

title: Postpartum Clostridium sordellii infection associated with fatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis']

entities_list: @entity8307 :: ('MESH:D004761', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomembranous colitis']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity5860 :: ('MESH:D060737', 'Disease') :: ['non-sexually transmitted genital tract infection']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxic shock syndrome']


abstract: Severe @entity943 (Lown class IVa), rapid loss of physical capacity and dyspnoea on the slightest exertion occurred in a 55-year-old @entity1 with @entity1000 . In the preceding year he had recurrent @entity294 and lost 23 kg in weight. He was found to have hypercalcaemia (3-3.2 mmol/l). The @entity712 significantly improved under treatment with twice daily 12.5 mg @entity3371 , 100 mg @entity1482 daily, @entity1483 40 mg twice daily, and digitoxin 0.07 mg daily. The @entity943 responded to @entity1855 80 mg and @entity5126 160 mg, both drugs three times daily. @entity459 was found to be the cause of the hypercalcaemia ( @entity6685 84 pmol/l). After the @entity3243 had been removed the @entity1 's condition again improved markedly. There were only rare monotopic extrasystoles, cardiac size regressed, and diuretics were no longer necessary. His medication at present is @entity1855 (80 mg three times daily), @entity3371 (12.5 mg three times daily) and digitoxin (0.07 mg daily). It is concluded that the hypercalcaemia influenced the severity of the @entity296 . It would seem that both intra- and extracellular @entity460 homoeostasis is of great importance in @entity384 .

title: [The coincidence of rapidly progressing XXXX and @entity459 . The course before and after the removal of a @entity3243 ].

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['Primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity6685 :: ('MESH:D010281', 'Chemical') :: ['parathormone']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['quinidine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenoma']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cholera, a disease caused by @entity1838 O1 and O139 remains an important public health problem globally. In the last decade, Kenya has experienced a steady increase of @entity3081 cases. In 2009 alone, 11,769 cases were reported to the Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation. This study sought to describe the phenotypic characteristics of the isolated @entity1838 isolates. METHODS: This was a laboratory based cross-sectional study that involved isolates from different @entity3081 outbreaks. Seventy six @entity1838 O1 strains from different geographical areas were used to represent 2007 to 2010 @entity3081 epidemics in Kenya, and were characterized by serotyping, biotyping, polymerase chain r(PCR), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and ribotyping along with antimicrobial susceptibility testing. RESULTS: Seventy six @entity1838 O1 strains from different geographical areas were used to represent 2007 to 2010 @entity3081 epidemics in Kenya. Serotype Inaba was dominant (88.2%) compared to Ogawa. The isolates showed varying levels of antibiotic resistance ranging from 100% susceptible to @entity803 , @entity3403 , @entity800 , @entity4580 , @entity4258 and @entity2756 to 100% resistant to @entity15183 , @entity799 , @entity6414 and @entity3639 . The isolates were positive for ctxA, tcpA (El Tor), rtxC genes and were biotype El Tor variant harboring classical ctxB gene. All the isolates were classified as @entity3081 toxin (CT) genotype 1 as they had mutation in the ctxB at positions 39 and 68. All the isolates had genetically similar NotI PFGE and BglI ribotype patterns. The absence of any observed variation is consistent with a clonal origin for all of the isolates. CONCLUSION: Kenya experienced @entity3081 numerous outbreak from 2007-2010. The clinical @entity1838 O1 isolates from the recent @entity3081 epidemic were serotypes Inaba and Ogawa, Inaba being the predominant serotype. The @entity1838 O1 strains were biotype El Tor variants that produce @entity3081 toxin B (ctx B) of the classical type and were positive for ctxA, tcpA El Tor and rtxC genes.

title: Phenotypic and genetic characterization of XXXX O1 isolated from various regions of Kenya between 2007 and 2010.

entities_list: @entity15183 :: ('MESH:D005664', 'Chemical') :: ['furazolidone']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity4258 :: ('MESH:D009643', 'Chemical') :: ['norfloxacin']

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['V. cholerae', 'Vibrio cholerae']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity6414 :: ('MESH:D011112', 'Chemical') :: ['polymyxin-B']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['ofloxacin']

answer: @entity1838 :: (666,Species) :: ['vibrio cholerae']


abstract: Silent @entity296 is now well-recognised in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity453 . Its pathogenesis remains speculative, though diminished sensitivity to @entity158 is thought to be one of the mechanisms involved. Because @entity65 occurs frequently in @entity6 @entity1 , we postulate that it contributes towards painless @entity296 among them. Forty consecutive @entity6 (type II) male @entity1 and ten normal volunteers were studied. Using 5 previously-validated noninvasive tests for @entity5433 , 14 of these @entity6 @entity1 had @entity4148 (at least 2 abnormal tests). All 50 subjects were then exercised on a motor-driven treadmill to either exhaustion or @entity662 . Thirty-three @entity6 subjects were tested positive, with significant (greater than 1 mm) ST segment @entity308 over at least 2 contiguous leads. Of these, 18 were associated with typical @entity951 but the other 15 stopped because of fatigue or exhaustion ( @entity16111 ). Thirteen subjects who had @entity4148 (AN+) had positive exercise ECG tests-10 had painless ischaemia, and only 3 had @entity951 . This contrasted with 15 @entity1 who had painful ischaemia and 5 who had painless ischaemia among the group without (AN-) @entity5433 (p = 0.0047, Fisher's exact test). There were no significant differences among the various groups for peak rate-pressure-product, all subjects attaining similar maximal @entity26 consumption states during which ischaemic ST segment changes were noted (painful AN+: 21917 +/- 4753; painless AN+: 20117 +/- 6752; painful AN-: 16544 +/- 4063; painless AN-: 22220 +/- 4341, p = NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Association of @entity4148 with painless XXXX induced by exercise.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pains']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['definite autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity16111 :: ('MESH:C535743', 'Disease') :: ['ie painless']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischaemia']


abstract: Several recent studies have detected @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity1465 ) expression in @entity14 and have concluded that its expression is an adverse prognostic indicator. The @entity1 population and length of follow-up has varied. Therefore, we reviewed a defined group of cases with long-term (> 5 years) follow-up. We studied 102 stage B2 and C2 nonmucinous @entity420 immunohistochemically for the production of @entity1465 . Expression of @entity1465 was detected in paraffin sections, including @entity5 and adjacent mucosa, using immunolabeling with a polyclonal rabbit antibody and the avidin- @entity1885 -peroxidase complex technique. Cytoplasmic positive staining was evaluated semiquantitatively in every low-power microscopic field containing @entity5 . Expression of @entity1465 was noted in at least one field in 42% (43/102) of the @entity189 . There was no expression in adjacent mucosa. Although the staining was usually focal (< 5% of @entity5 cells), some cases did stain diffusely. There was no significant correlation of @entity1465 expression with survival, stage, differentiation, age, race, sex, or site of @entity5 . We therefore conclude that @entity1465 expression is not a significant prognostic indicator in stage B2 and C2 @entity14 .

title: The prognostic value of @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin expression in @entity14 . An immunohistochemical study of 102 stage B2 and C2 nonmucinous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas', 'colorectal adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinomas']


abstract: In a previous study, we observed a bimodal distribution of sensitivity to @entity3731 ( @entity3731 ) induction by @entity19644 ( @entity16905 ) in lymphocytes from healthy individuals. Twenty-four % of the @entity1 had increased sensitivity to in vitro induction of SCEs and chromosomal aberrations. These same @entity1 also had significantly higher frequencies of uninduced or baseline @entity3731 frequencies. In the present study, we measured baseline and @entity16905 -induced @entity3731 frequencies in 55 healthy female volunteers. Eleven of 55 [20%] @entity1 were relatively sensitive to @entity16905 induction of SCEs. Baseline @entity3731 frequencies in these sensitive individuals [10.4 +/- 0.7 (SD) SCEs/cell] were significantly higher [P less than 0.001; Student's t test] than baseline @entity3731 frequencies in the remaining 44 individuals [8.0 +/- 0.9 SCEs/cell]. Similar increases in SCEs were observed when the analysis was restricted to the upper 10% of the @entity3731 distribution (high frequency @entity3731 analysis). The phenotype of @entity16905 sensitivity accounted for 58% of the variation among individual @entity3731 scores. Given the population frequency of this sensitivity to @entity3731 induction and the high proportion of variance in SCEs for which it accounts, failure to account for this factor could seriously distort conclusions about @entity3731 measures associated with other environmental exposures. The most likely result of such unexplained variability (type II error) would be bias toward the null hypothesis. Also, the likelihood that individual variations contribute to false positive results is expected to be greatest in studies that compare small numbers of exposed and nonexposed individuals. To summarize, these results confirm our earlier study and show that increased baseline @entity3731 frequencies can be indicative of increased sensitivity to certain classes of mutagenic carcinogens. Identification of @entity16905 -sensitive @entity1 could be used to increase the sensitivity of @entity3731 analysis in monitoring studies to detect exposure to genotoxins.

title: Individual susceptibility to induced chromosome damage and its implications for detecting genotoxic exposures in XXXX populations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3731 :: ('MESH:D058288', 'Disease') :: ['SCE', 'sister chromatid exchange']

entities_list: @entity19644 :: ('MESH:C007366', 'Chemical') :: ['diepoxybutane']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Physicians rarely offer clinical preventive services to @entity1 during acute care visits, but only a minority of @entity1 schedule health maintenance visits. Consequently, many eligible @entity1 never receive appropriate preventive care. Successful strategies are needed to deliver preventive services during acute care visits. METHODS: This study tested the feasibility and effectiveness of a simple, physician-initiated protocol for management of @entity1007 in one nonacademic community primary care (family practice) practice. @entity165 testing was offered to all adult @entity1 (aged 18 years or older) encountered by the clinician during acute care visits, as well as during scheduled health maintenance visits. Mailed notification of @entity165 risk status with a recommendation to follow a prudent (Step I) diet was the main intervention. Some high-risk @entity1 additionally received formal dietary counseling and lipid-lowering medication as clinically warranted. RESULTS: A total of 1334 @entity1 (95 percent of the eligible clinical population) accepted @entity165 testing, and 158 (11.8 percent) had high @entity165 (> or = 240 mg/dL). For the 114 @entity1 (72.2 percent) with high @entity165 (mean 275.1 mg/dL) who returned for follow-up, @entity165 change 1 year after screening was -9.2 percent (P < 0.001, compared with base line). This decrease could not be explained by expected temporal trends or regression to the mean. Assuming unchanged @entity165 values for @entity1 not followed up, decrease for the entire clinical population with high @entity165 was -6.8 percent (95 percent confidence interval -4.9 to -8.6 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Systematic @entity165 screening during acute care visits is a feasible and effective adjunct to screening during health maintenance visits in this practice. Because most @entity1 eventually visit a primary care physician, offering clinical preventive services during acute care visits might be an effective method for reaching the entire clinical population.

title: Systematic XXXX screening during acute care visits.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relative contribution and the relation between individual peanut allergens in peanut @entity56 responses is still matter of debate. We determined the individual contribution of peanut proteins to B, T cell and @entity56 effector responses in a @entity19 model for @entity16244 . METHODS: @entity19 were immunized and challenged by oral gavage with peanut protein extract or isolated allergens Ara h 1, 2, 3 and 6 followed by assessment of food @entity56 manifestations. In addition, T cell responses to the individual proteins were measured by an in vitro dendritic cell-T cell assay. RESULTS: Sensitization with the individual peanut proteins elicited IgE responses with specificity to the allergen used as expected. However, cross reactivity among Ara h 1, 2, 3 and 6 was observed. T cell re-stimulations with peanut extract and individual peanut proteins also showed cross reactivity between Ara h 1, 2, 3 and 6. Despite the cross reactivity at the IgE level, only Ara h 2 and 6 were able to elicit mast cell degranulation after an oral challenge. However, after systemic challenge, Ara h 1, 2 and 6 and to lesser extent Ara h 3 were able to elicit anaphylactic responses. CONCLUSIONS: Ara h 1, 2, 3 and 6 sensitize via the intra-gastric route, but differ in their capacity to cause @entity56 effector responses. Interestingly, extensive cross reactivity at T cell and antibody level is observed among Ara h 1, 2, 3 and 6, which may have important implications for the diagnosis and therapy of @entity16244 . Awareness about the relative contribution of individual peanut allergens and cross reactivity between these allergens is of importance for current research in diagnostics and therapeutics for and the mechanism of @entity16244 .

title: Heterogeneous responses and cross reactivity between the major peanut allergens Ara h 1, 2,3 and 6 in a XXXX model for @entity16244 .

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity16244 :: ('MESH:D021183', 'Disease') :: ['peanut allergy']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Herpes is a pandemic @entity281 in the @entity1 species. The purpose of this work was to conduct a critical analysis of the literature devoted to the pathophysiology and treatment of orofacial herpes an other localizations ( @entity12881 and neonatal herpes excluded). METHODS: We searched for articles in English and French devoted to orofacial herpes and other herpetic localizations indexed in Medline (1980-July 001), EmBase, and the Cochrane Library (1995-July 2001). Critical analysis was based on level of proof using the ANAES methodology. RESULTS: More than 700 articles were identified. One hundred four were selected for this report. Primary @entity3307 @entity281 usually occurred before adulthood and involved @entity697 in the majority of the cases. Several primary @entity2858 infections were asymptomatic or aspecific and non-recognized. After the primary @entity778 remains in the ganglion of the trigeminal nerve in a latent state and can be reactivated sporadically. Reactivation is associated with viral excretion and can be symptomatic (herpetic recrudescence) or not (recurrence). Recrudescence of orofacial herpes is typically labial. No currently available vaccine can prevent acquisition of @entity3307 . Treatment of acute @entity10701 has been standardized and is based on @entity1033 . Inversely, the effectiveness of @entity1033 and other @entity2353 analogs with anti-herpes activity has not been clearly established for prevention or cure of recrudescence of orofacial herpes. Other localizations (hand, anus, diffuse skin localizations in contact sports, @entity2173 ) are much more exceptional. Treatment has not been standardized. DISCUSSION: Despite the abundance of the literature on orofacial herpes, consistent quality is lacking, particularly concerning therapeutic studies. The quality of these reports is generally inferior to those @entity12881 . There has however been a general trend towards improved methodology over the last years. Very little has been reported on exceptional localizations of orofacial herpes.

title: [Orofacial herpes and other localizations ( XXXX and neonatal herpes excluded)].

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['infection, the virus']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['aciclovir']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gingivo-stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity12881 :: ('MESH:D006558', 'Disease') :: ['genital herpes', 'devoted to genital herpes']

entities_list: @entity10701 :: ('MESH:D013283', 'Disease') :: ['gingivostomatitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2173 :: ('MESH:D014983', 'Disease') :: ['Kaposi-Juliusberg syndrome']

answer: @entity12881 :: (MESH:D006558,Disease) :: ['genital herpes']


abstract: Endogenous opioid peptides have been implicated in stress-induced @entity1337 and stress-induced feeding behavior. An earlier study from our laboratory showed that @entity35 subjected to cold swim stress consumed significantly more food compared to controls. The present study describes changes in the levels of various opioid peptides in the central nervous system and periphery due to cold swim stress. Male @entity35 were subjected to cold swim stress (1 degree C for 5 min), then sacrificed by decapitation; brain, pituitary, adrenals and plasma were collected. Tissue extracts were assayed for opioid peptides by RIA. Cold swim stress resulted in @entity1337 which could be blocked by prior administration of @entity1510 , as observed by a tail-flick latency test. Cold swim stress caused a 42% decrease in pituitary beta-endorphin, but increased the level of this peptide in the hypothalamus and plasma by 36% and 337%, respectively. Dynorphin level decreased by 62% in the hypothalamus, but was not affected in the pituitary. Levels of Leu-enkephalin and Met-enkephalin decreased in the adrenal gland by 37% and 18%, respectively, but were not significantly affected in the CNS. These results indicate that cold swim stress has a differential effect on the level of CNS and peripheral opioid peptides, and that both central and peripheral opioid peptides may be important in stress-induced @entity1337 and feeding behavior.

title: Cold swim stress-induced changes in the levels of opioid peptides in the XXXX CNS and peripheral tissues.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oncolytic viruses such as live-attenuated, vaccine strains of @entity805 ) have recently emerged as promising @entity5 treatments, having shown significant antitumor activity against a large variety of @entity1 @entity5 . OBJECTIVE: Our study aims at determining which parameters define the sensitivity of @entity1 @entity320 cells to oncolytic @entity778 . METHOD: We analyzed both in vitro and in vivo the oncolytic activity of MV against a panel of @entity1 @entity320 cell lines established in our laboratory. We tested whether either type I interferons or the interferon pathway inhibitor @entity26223 could modulate the sensitivity of these cells to oncolytic @entity778 . RESULTS: @entity1 @entity320 cells exhibit varying levels of sensitivity to @entity778 in culture and as @entity5 xenografts. As these differences are not explained by their expression level of the @entity806 receptor, we hypothesized that antiviral immune responses may be suppressed in certain cell lines, resulting in their inability to control @entity281 efficiently. By analyzing the type I IFN response, we found that resistant cells had a fully functional pathway that was activated upon @entity778 . On the contrary, sensitive cell lines showed defects in this pathway. When pre-treated with @entity686 and @entity2391 , all but one of the sensitive cell lines became resistant to MV. Cells resistant to MV were rendered sensitive to MV with @entity26223 . CONCLUSION: Type I interferon response is the main determinant for the sensitivity or resistance of @entity320 . This will have to be taken into account for future clinical trials on oncolytic MV.

title: Modulation of the Type I Interferon Response Defines the Sensitivity of @entity1 Melanoma Cells to Oncolytic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['MV infection']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity26223 :: ('MESH:C540383', 'Chemical') :: ['Ruxolitinib']

entities_list: @entity805 :: ('11234', 'Species') :: ['measles virus (MV']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanoma to oncolytic MV infection']

answer: @entity805 :: (11234,Species) :: ['Measles Virus']


abstract: In this study, a trigeminal model was used in which high threshold C-fibre-evoked activities of convergent neurones located in the subnucleus oralis of the trigeminal complex are modulated through the superficial part, the substantia gelatinosa, of the subnucleus caudalis. The two subnuclei are located 3 mm apart, therefore, it was possible to inject @entity3390 , a non-competitive @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor antagonist, into either the superficial or the deep parts of subnucleus caudalis without interfering with ongoing recording of convergent neurones in subnucleus oralis. A differential @entity143 -dependent modulation of wind-up was observed according to the dose and the injection target. (1) The injections of small non-diffusible doses (0.12 microg) of @entity3390 into the superficial part of subnucleus caudalis facilitated wind-up. The effect peaked at 25 min with a mean increase above control of 173+/-31%. Injection (0.5 microg) of either the less active enantiomer @entity3390 or saline into superficial subnucleus caudalis had no significant effect on subnucleus oralis convergent neurones. This suggests that @entity143 -dependent interneurones, probably located in substantia gelatinosa of subnucleus caudalis, exert, in normal conditions, an inhibitory control on wind-up of convergent subnucleus oralis neurones. (2) The injection of larger doses (0.5 microg) into the superficial part of subnucleus caudalis induced a predominant inhibitory effect on wind-up. The mean peak effect at 15 min was 46+/-7% compared to control (100%). Small and large doses of @entity3390 injected into the deep part of subnucleus caudalis had a predominant inhibitory effect. The inhibition of wind-up of subnucleus oralis neurones after injection of @entity143 receptor antagonists in superficial or deep subnucleus caudalis indicates that wind-up may be due, at least in part, to @entity143 activation at synapses that do not involve the recorded convergent neurones.

title: Low doses of XXXX antagonists in superficial laminae of medulla oblongata facilitate wind-up of convergent neurones.

entities_list: @entity3390 :: ('MESH:D016291', 'Chemical') :: ['dizocilpine']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']


abstract: Intraperitoneal cyst occurring in the lesser omentum is extremely rare entity. Because of the absence of abdominal symptoms, @entity45 is occasionally found accidentally in imaging examination performed during health screening. We experienced a case of @entity3609 that occurred in the lesser omentum, which was successfully resected under complete laparoscopic procedure. A 50-year-old Japanese @entity1 was admitted to our hospital because a @entity3928 was found in the abdomen. Abdominal computed tomography scan was performed because she had a traffic accident, despite complaining no abdominal symptoms. The abdominal computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large @entity3928 in the lesser omentum adjacent to the lesser curvature of the stomach, which was resected with a complete laparoscopic procedure. As the cystic wall was closely attached to the lesser curvature of the gastric wall, an ultrasonic coagulating shear was quite helpful to entirely mobilize the cyst from the surrounding structure such as lesser curvature of the stomach. After placing clips to the feeding vessels to the cyst branched from the accessory hepatic vessels, the entire cyst was mobilized without leakage of cystic content. The postoperative course was uneventful with slight delayed @entity356 due to partial denervation of the lesser curvature of the stomach. The @entity1 was discharged on eighth day after surgery without any @entity260 . This is the first case of cyst of lesser omentum resected under complete laparoscopic procedure and certainly highlights advantage and feasibility of laparoscopic approach for cases with @entity5409 . Laparoscopic excision of @entity3609 in the lesser omentum provides all the advantage of minimally invasive procedure.

title: Laparoscopic excision of the XXXX occurred in the lesser omentum: report of a case and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3609 :: ('MESH:D018191', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lymphangioma']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['cystic mass']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['omental cyst']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying']

answer: @entity3609 :: (MESH:D018191,Disease) :: ['cystic lymphangioma']


abstract: @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) is an effective anti-psoriatic agent but there are major concerns about its long-term @entity137 , in particular to the liver. Reported frequencies and recommendations for monitoring @entity1 on @entity1500 vary considerably. The aim of this study was to analyse the frequency and severity of @entity1500 -associated adverse drug reactions (ADR) in @entity1 with @entity1569 and @entity5144 . A retrospective analysis was performed of 104 @entity1569 and @entity5144 @entity1 (60 male, 44 female) treated with @entity1500 between October 1968 and October 1998. The severity of ADR was classified according to Common @entity137 Criteria (CTC). Acute ADR was defined as adverse effects within the first 90 days of @entity1500 therapy. ADR seen later were classified as chronic. In 83 @entity1 165 ADR were noted within the beginning of @entity1500 therapy. In five @entity1 treatment was terminated because of ADR. During long-term therapy 23 @entity1 received < or = 2000 mg @entity1500 (group A); 81 received a cumulative dose greater than 2000 mg (group B). The total frequency of ADR in group B and the frequency of ADR CTC grade 3 or 4 in general was not significantly increased in group B (chi2 test; P = 0.468). Group B was characterised as follows: CTC grade 3 or 4 blood count changes led significantly more often to the termination of @entity1500 (Fisher's exact test; P = 0.048), CNS side-effects (P = 0.016) and @entity281 were more frequent (chi test; P<0.001). Liver changes and serum enzyme level increases were not significantly more frequent in group B. ADR are common in @entity1569 @entity1 on @entity1500 therapy independent of the cumulative dose. In most cases they are temporary by nature and mild. Liver changes and serum enzyme level increases were not a major problem in our @entity1 .

title: XXXX of @entity1499 treatment in @entity1569 and @entity5144 --short- and long-term @entity137 in 104 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: Four @entity35118 compounds that are known to accumulate in @entity5507 , namely @entity1011 , @entity2097 , @entity42690 and @entity41502 , were administered intraperitoneally and intracerebroventricularly to adult albino @entity19 and the compounds epileptogenic and toxic properties were behaviorally assessed. After intraperitoneal injection, brain concentration of the compounds as a function of injected dose was monitored additionally. @entity35118 compound brain concentration was determined by cation exchange chromatography with fluorescence ninhydrin detection. After systemic administration, especially @entity42690 and @entity41502 induced long-lasting generalized @entity410 which gradually increased in severity. Increasing the dose injected intraperitoneally resulted in linear increase in brain concentration of the injected compounds, in parallel with increase in proportion of animals presenting with @entity410 and/or severity of @entity410 . @entity42690 brain concentration increased more slowly than that of the other 3 compounds and @entity42690 also exerted its effect later than the others. Since none of the other metabolically related @entity35118 compounds determined was significantly increased in the brains of the injected animals, the observed behavior was most certainly induced by the compounds injected and not by some secondary metabolite. Epileptogenic properties of the four compounds were markedly and qualitatively different in systemic administration, but rather similar in intracerebral administration. A tentative epileptogenic potency order was inferred from the combined behavioral and biochemical results. All 4 of the compounds tested displayed the ability to induce full-blown @entity3173 and they did so in a dose-related manner. @entity42690 appeared to be slightly more potent than @entity41502 , but both @entity42690 and @entity41502 were considerably more potent than @entity2097 . @entity1011 was many times less potent than the other 3 @entity35118 compounds. Revised epileptogenic potency order on the basis of @entity35118 compound brain concentration after systemic administration as well as potency order after intracerebral administration paralleled the potency order of these compounds in their @entity1246 antagonism reported earlier. It was therefore postulated that the @entity1246 antagonism of @entity1381 @entity35118 compounds could underlie their epileptogenic character. Moreover, these compounds could very likely be at the basis of the neurological complications including @entity302 of @entity1381 @entity1 in whom they accumulate in physiological fluids and brain.

title: @entity410 action and toxicity of XXXX @entity35118 compounds: behavioral assessment and relation to brain concentration in adult @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity41502 :: ('MESH:D008760', 'Chemical') :: ['methylguanidine']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity42690 :: ('MESH:C001318', 'Chemical') :: ['Guanidinosuccinic acid', 'guanidinosuccinic acid']

entities_list: @entity3173 :: ('MESH:D004830', 'Disease') :: ['clonic-tonic convulsions']

entities_list: @entity2097 :: ('MESH:D019791', 'Chemical') :: ['guanidine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity35118 :: ('CHEBI:48551', 'Chemical') :: ['Guanidino', 'guanidino']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine', 'creatinine']

answer: @entity1381 :: (MESH:D006463,Disease) :: ['uremic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anal @entity3 originating from @entity14 is a rare occurrence that severely affects the @entity1 's quality of life. No standardized effective therapeutic strategy exists. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to examine clinicopathologic characteristics and outcome of @entity1 with anal @entity3 of colorectal origin, directing particular attention to underlying mechanisms of @entity3 in relation to potential treatment strategies. SETTING AND @entity1 : We identified @entity1 with anal @entity3 of colorectal origin by reviewing medical records of @entity1 treated for @entity14 in a tertiary teaching hospital in the Osaka region of Japan between 2002 and 2009, and by searching the PubMed and Japanese Ichushi databases for @entity1 reported in the literature. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical and pathologic variables were examined, including location, depth, and lymph node status of the primary @entity14 ; mode, timing, site, and symptoms of @entity3 ; as well as treatment and prognosis. The mode of @entity3 was classified as either intraluminal or lymphovascular on the basis of clinical history of anal disease and/or histologic analysis of a resected specimen. RESULTS: Of 851 @entity1 with primary @entity14 treated at our institution, 6 @entity1 (0.7%; 95% CI, 0.1-1.3%) had anal @entity3 , and 38 @entity1 with anal @entity3 of colorectal origin were identified in the literature; 43 @entity1 could be analyzed. The @entity75 was located in the left colon in all @entity1 . The metastatic mechanism was identified as intraluminal in 35 @entity1 and lymphovascular in 8 @entity1 . Local recurrence after local resection was not reported in any @entity1 with intraluminal @entity3 , but was found in 3 @entity1 with lymphovascular @entity3 , although all 3 had undergone wide resection. LIMITATIONS: The study was observational in nature and included a small number of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Treatment strategies for anal @entity3 of @entity14 origin should consider the mechanism of @entity3 . @entity1 with suspected lymphovascular @entity3 should undergo radical resection beyond the primary and metastatic @entity5 to eradicate remnant @entity5 cells, together with preoperative chemoradiation therapy.

title: Anal XXXX of @entity14 origin: implications for diagnosis and treatment strategy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['anal tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal tumor', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Many family planning (FP) programs are integrating services to treat and control @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ). Educating @entity1 about risks associated with sexual intercourse and about ways to protect themselves helps them control their fertility as well as their health. Programs throughout the world illustrate this approach. In Nepal, integrating STD services at a FP clinic led to a dramatic increase in demand for these services and caused the clinic to expand hours, staff, and locations. Education about STD/ @entity645 prevention is integrated with other components of FP service provision, and condoms are provided for FP and STD/ @entity645 prevention. In Latin America, the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) is conducting pilot programs to integrate FP and STD services, including @entity645 prevention counseling. The first priority for these programs in Brazil, Honduras, and Jamaica was to prepare staff for expanded responsibilities. Staff training led to a significant increase in client condom use to prevent @entity2953 . One of the IPPF goals is to use group discussions to help @entity1 learn how to communicate about sexual issues with their partners and to negotiate for condom use. In Nigeria, focus group discussions are being used to determine how to develop programs to improve partner discussions on reproductive health and @entity645 / @entity791 . Training for @entity791 workers incorporates family planning information, and peer education programs have been expanded to cover @entity791 , abortion, and pregnancy. Discussion groups are being used effectively to discuss reproductive health topics in a nonthreatening way.

title: XXXX , pregnancies affect @entity1 's health.

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['STDs', 'sexually transmitted diseases']

answer: @entity2953 :: (MESH:D012749,Disease) :: ['STDs']


abstract: Numerous clinical forms of @entity2646 have been described, but @entity158 is generally considered a rare or secondary sign. We describe here the clinical, electrophysiological and neuropathological characteristics of five @entity1 with @entity2646 and @entity158 as the main presenting symptom, and their course with treatment. Between January 2003 and December 2004, we selected five @entity1 with prominent or @entity158 among 27 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2646 . All @entity1 were subjected to clinical and electrophysiological examinations, and had a complete laboratory work up to exclude other causes of @entity16 . In view of the atypical clinical presentation, all five @entity1 underwent nerve biopsy. There were two @entity1 and three @entity1 . The mean age at onset of @entity16 was 70+/-7.39 years. All @entity1 initially presented with @entity158 in the lower limbs associated with modest @entity73 (1 case), distal paresthesia (4 cases), cramps (1 case) and fatigue (2 cases). CSF was normal in three cases. On electrophysiological examination, three @entity1 had nerve @entity616 with subtle or clear signs of @entity17 : three (case 1, 2 and 4) fulfilled the criteria of Rotta et al. and two (case 2 and 4) the criteria of both Nicolas et al and the INCAT group. @entity1 were all given symptomatic treatment and four @entity1 received an immunomodulatory treatment, which was constantly effective. @entity158 may be a major and disabling symptom in @entity1 with @entity2646 , so this diagnosis has to be considered in @entity1 referred for a painful @entity305 . Moreover, immunomodulatory treatment has to be considered in such @entity1 as symptomatic therapy may be ineffective.

title: @entity158 as the presenting symptom of @entity2646 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['isolated pain', 'Pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['conduction abnormalities']

answer: @entity2646 :: (MESH:D020277,Disease) :: ['CIDP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to determine whether glutamate-evoked @entity925 is modulated by the acidity and temperature of the solution injected. METHODS: Thirty two @entity1 participated and received injections of high-temperature acidic (HT-A) glutamate (pH 4.8, 48     C), @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) glutamate (pH 7.0, 48     C) and neutral temperature neutral (NT-N) glutamate (pH 7.0, 38     C) solutions (0.5  mL) into the masseter muscle. @entity158 intensity was assessed with an electronic visual analogue scale (eVAS). Numerical rating scale (NRS) scores of unpleasantness and temperature perception, @entity158 -drawing areas, mechanical sensitivity and pressure @entity158 thresholds (PPT) were also measured. @entity1 filled out the McGill @entity158 Questionnaire (MPQ). One or two way ANOVAs were used for data analyses. RESULTS: Injection of HT-A glutamate solutions significantly increased the area under the VAS-time curve compared with injection of @entity1054 glutamate and NT-N glutamate solution (p  <  0.040). The duration of glutamate-evoked @entity158 was significantly longer when HT-A glutamate was injected than when NT-N glutamate was injected (p  <  0.017). No significant effects of acidity were detected on @entity158 drawings, NRS unpleasantness and heat perception, but there was a significant effect of acidity on MPQ scores and mechanical sensitivity. CONCLUSION: Acidity and temperature modulate glutamate-evoked @entity925 suggesting an interaction between acid sensing and glutamate receptors which could be of importance for understanding clinical @entity925 conditions.

title: Intramuscular pH modulates glutamate-evoked XXXX magnitude in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain', 'jaw muscle pain']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['high-temperature neutral', 'HT-N']

answer: @entity925 :: (MESH:D063806,Disease) :: ['masseter muscle pain']


abstract: Lipid bilayers of @entity17595 ( @entity17595 ) containing opioid peptide dynorphin A(1-17) are found to be spontaneously aligned to the applied magnetic field near at the phase transition temperature between the gel and liquid crystalline states (T(m)=24 degrees C), as examined by @entity9715 NMR spectroscopy. The specific interaction between the peptide and lipid bilayer leading to this property was also examined by optical microscopy, light scattering, and @entity972 ion-selective electrode, together with a comparative study on dynorphin A(1-13). A substantial change in the light scattering intensity was noted for @entity17595 containing dynorphin A(1-17) near at T(m) but not for the system containing A(1-13). Besides, reversible change in morphology of bilayer, from small lipid particles to large vesicles, was observed by optical microscope at T(m). These results indicate that lysis and fusion of the lipid bilayers are induced by the presence of dynorphin A(1-17). It turned out that the bilayers are spontaneously aligned to the magnetic field above T(m) in parallel with the bilayer surface, because a single 31P NMR signal appeared at the perpendicular position of the 31P chemical shift tensor. In contrast, no such magnetic ordering was noted for @entity17595 bilayers containing dynorphin A(1-13). It was proved that @entity17595 bilayer in the presence of dynorphin A(1-17) forms vesicles above T(m), because leakage of @entity972 ion from the lipid bilayers was observed by @entity972 ion-selective electrode after adding Triton X-100. It is concluded that @entity17595 bilayer consists of elongated vesicles with the long axis parallel to the magnetic field, together with the data of microscopic observation of cylindrical shape of the vesicles. Further, the long axis is found to be at least five times longer than the short axis of the elongated vesicles in view of simulated 31P NMR lineshape.

title: Dynorphin induced magnetic ordering in lipid bilayers as studied by XXXX NMR spectroscopy.

entities_list: @entity17595 :: ('MESH:D004134', 'Chemical') :: ['DMPC', 'dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity9715 :: (CHEBI:37971,Chemical) :: ['(31)P']


abstract: Sodium dl-4-[1R,2R,3aS,8bS)-1,2,3a,8b-tetrahydro- 2-hydroxy-1-[(3S,4RS)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-oct-6- yne-(E)-1-enyl]-5-cyclopenta[b]benzofuranyl]butyrate ( @entity51147 ) is a stable analogue of @entity4770 ( @entity4770 , @entity4770 ). The drug was shown to be a potent inhibitor of @entity1423 in vitro, induced by @entity857 ( @entity857 ), using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) from @entity1 and several animal species. The inhibitory activity of @entity51147 using @entity1 platelets was half that of PGI2 and eight times that of PGE1. There was a marked tendency for platelet clumps to disaggregate following secondary aggregation in the presence of @entity51147 at final concentrations higher than 1 ng/ml. This activity was similar to PGI2 and more than 30 times that of PGE1. @entity51147 was shown to induce the disaggregation of a pre-existing @entity715 in the microcirculation of the hamster cheek pouch. A dose-dependent response was obtained following oral administration of the drug at levels of 50-200 micrograms/kg. Optimal activity was observed 30-60 min after dosing and activity was sustained throughout the experimental period. @entity51147 was more active than @entity5015 in the test system and appeared to be of a similar potency to PGI2. Since this drug is stable, orally active and without the @entity551 activity of PGI2, it is considered to be a potentially useful agent for antithrombotic therapy.

title: Effect of a stable @entity4770 analogue on platelet function and experimentally-induced XXXX in the microcirculation.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['epoprostenol', 'PGI2', 'prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['ADP', 'adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: Information about health effects from controlled exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution is relatively limited but potentially critical in urban locations such as Los Angeles, where abundant mobile sources generate combustion-related particles. Nonsmoking healthy (n = 12) and @entity748 (n = 12) volunteers, age 18-45 yr, were exposed to @entity6251 ( @entity6251 ) in the fine (PM(2.5)) size range at an average concentration of 174 micro g/m(3) (range 99-224), and to @entity11535 ( @entity11535 ). Exposures used a two-stage Harvard virtual-impactor concentrator and whole-body chamber and lasted 2 h with alternating rest-exercise periods. Neither group showed significant (p <.05) changes in spirometry or routine hematologic measurements attributable to @entity6251 exposure, relative to @entity11535 . Both groups showed @entity6251 -related decreases of columnar cells in postexposure induced sputum, slight changes in certain mediators of @entity1003 and systemic @entity32 , and modest increases in parasympathetic stimulation of heart rate variability. Systolic blood pressure decreased in asthmatics and increased in healthy subjects during @entity6251 exposure relative to @entity11535 . Cardiovascular (but not respiratory) symptoms increased slightly with @entity6251 in both groups. In summary, the urban fine PM exposures elicited different biologic endpoints with statistically significant differences between @entity6251 and @entity11535 . The observed changes in blood @entity32 and heart-rate variability were consistent with systemic (rather than respiratory) effects reported from other laboratory and epidemiologic studies. Further studies involving other biologic endpoints, PM size modes, and risk factors will be needed to clarify these results.

title: Controlled exposures of healthy and XXXX volunteers to concentrated ambient fine particles in Los Angeles.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulability']

entities_list: @entity11535 :: ('MESH:D009041', 'Disease') :: ['FA', 'filtered air']

entities_list: @entity6251 :: ('MESH:C567712', 'Disease') :: ['concentrated ambient particulates', 'CAP']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: This retrospective study examined spinal-related hospitalizations of U.S. Army soldiers deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq. @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) and vertebral column injuries (VCI) were identified using International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes. In our study, spinal hospitalizations represented 8.2% of total injury admissions. Risk factors for @entity1566 and VCI incidences were determined using Poisson regression. Lack of previous deployment experience increased risk of having @entity1566 by 33% and VCI by 24% in Iraq (similar increases, but not statistically significant in Afghanistan). Male soldiers had 4.85 times higher risk for @entity1566 in Iraq and 69% higher risk in Afghanistan than female soldiers. In Afghanistan, almost 60% of spinal episodes included @entity131 ( @entity131 ), compared to about 40% in Iraq. In both theaters, mild @entity131 accounted for more than 50% of all @entity131 -spinal episodes. Sixteen percent of @entity1566 inpatient episodes in Afghanistan and 13% in Iraq were associated with @entity912 , with median bed days of 46 and 33 days compared to a median of 6 days in both theaters for nonparalysis @entity3510 . The mortality rate was 2.5 times lower in Afghanistan than in Iraq.

title: XXXX hospitalizations among u.s. Army soldiers deployed to iraq and afghanistan.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['SCI', 'Spinal cord injuries']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injuries']

answer: @entity3510 :: (MESH:D013124,Disease) :: ['Spinal injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity99 are @entity5 in childhood. We report our 10-years' experience in a tertiary health center. METHODS: This retrospective analysis included eight @entity1 with @entity99 . RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 24 days (age range: 1 to 70 days) and the female/male ratio was 5/3. The main symptoms were @entity1661 and @entity649 . @entity2695 were present in four cases. Three @entity1 had @entity16970 . Four cases had single @entity99 while the others had multiple. The @entity5 size ranged from 2 cm to 10 cm in diameter. These lesions were located equally in the @entity99 , and three babies had bilobar involvement. Most of the multifocal @entity99 were associated with @entity272 . Treatment options were assessed individually. Systemic @entity617 therapy (2 mg/kg/d) was commenced in six @entity1 . Five @entity1 responded to @entity288 . One @entity1 with @entity16970 did not respond to this therapy. Interferon-alpha (1 million units (MU)/m2/day) was started, and the daily dose of the drug was increased up to 10 MU/m2, administered 3 times per week, until clinical improvement was achieved. The response was very good and we observed only constitutional adverse symptoms. Two cases were operated; one died from @entity954 . Other @entity1 were alive and well for 11 to 66 months. Overall survival was 87% in our series. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment approaches depend on the center's experience. A multidisciplinary approach is required for the best treatment option.

title: Infantile XXXX : clinical presentation and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneous hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rare tumors']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distention']

entities_list: @entity16970 :: ('MESH:D059885', 'Disease') :: ['Kasabach-Merritt syndrome']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors', 'infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma', 'Hepatic hemangioendotheliomas', 'right and left hepatic lobes']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic hemangioendothelioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes of @entity1 undergoing surgical treatment for @entity788 during different time course over 40 years in one hospital. METHODS: Totally 346 cases of @entity788 in one hospital were retrospectively analyzed during the periods of 1958-1976, 1977-1987, 1988-1998, and 1999-2003. RESULTS: During the period of 1958-1976, 79 @entity1 with @entity788 were diagnosed and the rate of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) was 20.6% (21/79). During the period of 1977-1987, 60 @entity1 with @entity788 were diagnosed and the PD rate was 26.7% (16/60). During the period of 1988-1998, 109 @entity1 with @entity788 were diagnosed and the resection rate was 20.18% (22/109). During the period of 1999-2003, 98 @entity1 with @entity788 were diagnosed and the resection rate was 22.4% (20/98). The total resection rate of @entity788 was 22.8% (79/346). The complication rate of the operation was 42.3% (9/21) during 1958-1976, 37.5% (6/16) during 1977-1987, 27.3% (6/22) during 1988-1998, and 10.0% (2/20) during 1998-2003. The perioperative mortality was 19.0% (4/21) during 1958-1976 (2 cases of @entity3472 and 1 case of liver and @entity177 ), 12.5% (2/16) during 1977-1987 (1 case of @entity881 and 1 case of @entity548 ), and 4.5% (1/22) during 1988-1998 (1 case of @entity881 ). One @entity1 with bile duct fistula during 1977-1987 and one @entity1 with @entity3472 during 1988-1998 were cured by non-operative treatment. There was no perioperative @entity204 during 1999-2003. During the period of 1958-1976, the survival rate of @entity1 undergoing PD was 55.5% by 1 year, 23.1% by 3 year, and 11.0% by 5 year. During 1977-1987, it was 56.3% by 1 year, 25.0% by 3 year, and 12.5% by 5 year. During 1988-1998, it was 59.1% by 1 year, 27.2% by 3 year, and 13.6% by 5 year. CONCLUSIONS: Remarkable improvement have been achieved in perioperative preparation and care after surgical treatment of @entity788 in the past decades. However, the resection rate and prognosis of PC were still poor, although the accuracy of early diagnosis is increasing, and the complications and perioperative mortality of PD are decreasing.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic head carcinomas', 'pancreatic head cancer', 'pancreatic head carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic head carcinomas']


abstract: Three hundred and sixteen @entity1 with serious infections verified or suspected to be of Gram-negative aetiology were treated in an open, randomized, comparative multicentre study with @entity4509 15 mg/kg/day given either as a single dose or in two divided doses at 12 h intervals. Two hundred @entity1 were evaluated for efficacy and all 316 for safety. The efficacy of both dosage regimens was very good with a satisfactory clinical response in 90% of the @entity1 . There were no significant differences between the two regimens regarding efficacy and safety. This was also confirmed in an analysis according to the principle of 'intention-to-treat' including all randomized @entity1 . In 218 @entity1 additional therapy, most commonly with @entity3400 or @entity869 , was considered necessary. The mean peak serum concentration of @entity4509 was 40.9 mg/L in the once-daily group, which is 10 x MIC for most Gram-negative bacteria, compared to 24.4 mg/L in the twice-daily group, which is 6 x MIC. Mean trough serum concentrations after 24 h were 1.8 mg/L in the once-daily group and 3.1 mg/L after 12 h in the twice-daily group. These serum concentrations were often close to or just below the MICs of the isolated pathogens. Drug related adverse reactions were seen in 40 (13%) of the @entity1 . Among the adverse reactions with possible or probable relation to @entity4509 were 20 nephrotoxic events, nine in the once-daily group and 11 in the twice-daily group. A multivariate analysis of selective causative factors and nephrotoxic events gave a low correlation for once- vs twice-daily @entity4509 therapy. Five @entity2167 events were observed, three in the once-daily group and two in the twice-daily group. One @entity1 in the once-daily group experienced @entity390 in connection with @entity4509 infusions.

title: Once- versus twice-daily XXXX regimen: efficacy and safety in systemic gram-negative infections. Scandinavian @entity4509 Once Daily Study Group.

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

answer: @entity4509 :: (MESH:D000583,Chemical) :: ['amikacin']