abstract: Prior research has provided evidence that the early postnatal environment can have long lasting effects on both the physiology and behavior of offspring. This is modeled in @entity35 by using a @entity7310 paradigm in which pups are separated from their mother for a few hours daily during their first two postnatal weeks. While this model has been used extensively to study stress effects and @entity148 , less research has been done to examine how these separations affect measures of reward and reinforcement in adulthood. The current study investigated the impact of @entity7310 ( @entity7310 ) on intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) maintained responding in male and female offspring, and the effects of @entity1286 (0.3-3.0 mg/kg) and @entity836 (0.1-10 mg/kg) on that responding. @entity558 ( @entity7310 or non-handled, @entity5155 ) significantly altered response rates during acquisition in both sexes, with @entity5155 offspring exhibiting the highest rates. Group differences in baseline responding on a progressive ratio ( @entity63315 ) schedule of reinforcement were evident only in females, with @entity7310 females having response rates 50% lower than @entity5155 females. Neither @entity1286 nor @entity836 differentially affected either rearing group. Sex impacted @entity5155 offspring: males acquired responding more readily, but females had higher response rates and breakpoints during all other phases of the experiment. In @entity7310 offspring, no sex differences were observed during acquisition, but during all other phases males had higher response rates and breakpoints than females. These results indicate that @entity7310 during the first two postnatal weeks can have long-term effects on responding for ICSS, but these effects do not appear tied to endogenous opioid systems in the lateral hypothalamus.

title: Maternal separation alters ICSS responding in adult male and female @entity35 , but @entity1286 and XXXX have little affect on that behavior.

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['Rearing condition']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity7310 :: ('MESH:C536469', 'Disease') :: ['maternal separation', 'MS']

answer: @entity836 :: (MESH:D009271,Chemical) :: ['naltrexone']


abstract: Claims have been made that @entity73 @entity1 have deficits processing rapidly presented or brief sensory information. These claims, known as the 'temporal processing hypothesis', are supported by demonstrations that @entity73 @entity1 have excess backward masking (BM). One explanation for these results is that BM is developmentally delayed in these @entity1 . However, little was known about how BM normally develops. Recently, we assessed BM in normally developing 6- and 8-year-old @entity1 and adults. Results showed that BM thresholds continue to improve over a comparatively protracted period (>10 years old). We also analysed reported deficits in BM in @entity73 and younger @entity1 , in terms of a model of temporal resolution. This analysis suggests that poor processing efficiency, rather than deficits in temporal resolution, can account for these results. This 'processing efficiency hypothesis' was recently tested in our laboratory. This experiment measured BM as a function of delays between the tone and the noise in @entity1 and adults. Results supported the processing efficiency hypothesis, and suggested that reduced processing efficiency alone could account for differences between adults and @entity1 . These findings provide a new perspective on the mechanisms underlying @entity497 , and imply that remediation strategies should be directed towards improving processing efficiency, not temporal resolution.

title: The auditory basis of XXXX : temporal processing versus processing efficiency hypotheses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['language-impaired']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['communication disorders']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['language impairments']


abstract: PURPOSE: Embolism is believed to be the major cause of end-organ damage after angioplasty and endoluminal procedures. Recently, Doppler ultrasound scanning has been used to detect asymptomatic @entity999 . We determined whether asymptomatic @entity887 ( @entity887 ) could be detected distal to a significant @entity2791 of >60% both before and soon after iliac percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). METHODS: A 2-MHz Doppler scan probe was used to monitor for @entity887 in the common femoral artery before and after 10 successful iliac artery PTAs and at various standardized times in the following 24 hours. The same protocol was used to study 10 @entity1 in the control group after renal PTA. In addition, a single recording was performed in a second nonoperative control group of 10 @entity1 who had no evidence of @entity1095 . The Doppler scan signals were recorded on tape for a later blinded analysis. RESULTS: In the 24 hours before iliac PTA, asymptomatic @entity887 were detected in four of 10 @entity1 during a 1-hour recording but in no controls (P =.025). After iliac PTA, @entity887 were detected at 30 minutes in nine of 10 iliac subjects but in only one of 10 renal subjects (P =.0003) and at 2 hours in eight of 10 iliac subjects but in only one of 10 renal subjects (P =.001). The occurrence of @entity887 became less frequent, and @entity887 were present at a lower frequency in eight of 10 iliac PTA subjects at 4 hours and in five of 10 at 24 hours but in no renal PTA subjects at these time points. CONCLUSIONS: @entity887 can be detected in the common femoral artery with Doppler ultrasound scanning in @entity1 with @entity2791 both before and soon after iliac PTA despite preangioplasty @entity117 and intra-angioplasty heparin therapies. The occurrences of @entity887 were particularly frequent in the 2 hours after PTA. This technique can be used further to study factors that control plaque stability and to evaluate the effect of therapeutic interventions.

title: Detection of distal emboli in @entity1 with peripheral XXXX before and after iliac angioplasty: a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral emboli']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['iliac artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['ES', 'embolic signals']

answer: @entity2791 :: (MESH:D012078,Disease) :: ['arterial stenosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity137 ( @entity137 ) deficit exhibited by @entity2858 asymptomatic seropositive individuals cannot always be explained by the effect of a @entity73 single factor. Evidence exists that decisional and peripheral components of @entity137 may have @entity73 . OBJECTIVES: To assess the hypothesis of a @entity73 single factor as the main responsible for @entity137 slowing in these subjects. METHODOLOGY: Thirty two (32) @entity2858 neurologically asymptomatic seropositive individuals were compared to 29 seronegative controls in two discriminative reaction time tasks (DRT) having increased cognitive difficulty but equal motor response demands. @entity3493 component of the event-related potential was recorded simultaneously. @entity137 , PPI, errors, and @entity3493 latency were assessed using ANOVA. RESULTS: Seropositives were slower than controls in @entity137 , made more errors and showed delayed latencies of @entity3493 in both tasks. However, while the increase of @entity137 from the easier to the more difficult task was additive, the increase of @entity3493 latencies was multiplicative. CONCLUSIONS: These results reveal differences in patterns of slowing between central and motor information processing mechanisms. Such results suggest that a single common factor is not enough to explain @entity73 in @entity2858 seropositive subjects.

title: @entity73 in XXXX associated to type 1 human immunodeficiency virus: TR and @entity3493 .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive slowing', 'differential slowing']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'Reaction time']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive-motor disorder']


abstract: AIM: The long-term effects of radiosurgery of @entity5513 were investigated in a group of consecutively treated @entity1 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1995 and 2001, 26 @entity1 (median age: 67, range: 30-82) with a @entity5513 were treated by Linac-based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The median follow-up was 49 months (16-85 months). Only progressive @entity5 were treated. The median size of @entity5 was 18 mm (range 9-30 mm). Before SRS, 11 @entity1 had a useful hearing (Gardner-Robertson classes 1 and 2). Single doses of 10-14 Gy were prescribed at the 80% isodose at the @entity5 margin. The follow-up consisted of regular imaging with MRI the first 3-6 months after the intervention, followed by additional yearly MRIs, a hearing test and a neurological examination. RESULT: The 5-year-probability of @entity5 control (defined as stabilization or decrease in size) was 95%. Five-year-probability of preservation of hearing and @entity2103 was 96% and 100%, respectively. Hearing was preserved in 10 out of 11 @entity1 who had a normal or useful hearing at the time of treatment. Mild and transient trigeminal @entity137 occurred in 2 (8%) @entity1 . It appeared to be significantly correlated to the dose used (p=0.044). However, only a tendency to significance could be demonstrated in the relationship between the two factors when using the Cox analysis (hazard ratio=1.7; 95% CI: 0.7-3.9; p=0.23). CONCLUSIONS: With the doses used, our study demonstrates that SRS provides an equivalent @entity5 control rate when compared to surgery, as well as on a long-term basis, an excellent preservation of the facial and the acoustic nerves. Although no permanent trigeminal @entity137 was observed, our data confirm that doses below 14 Gy can avoid transient @entity809 .

title: Long-term follow-up reveals low @entity137 of radiosurgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannomas', 'vestibular schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['dysesthesias']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve function']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannoma']


abstract: Abundant data are available for direct anterior/posterior spine fusion (APF) and some for @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ), but only few studies from one institution compares the two techniques. One-hundred and thirty-three @entity1 were retrospectively analyzed, 68 having APF and 65 having @entity2649 . All @entity1 had symptomatic @entity1797 . Only those with one or two-level surgeries were included. Clinical chart and radiologic reviews were done, fusion solidity assessed, and functional outcomes determined by pre- and postoperative SF-36 and postoperative @entity717 Index (ODI), and a satisfaction questionnaire. The minimum follow-up was 24 months. The mean operating room time and hospital length of stay were less in the @entity2649 group. The @entity190 was slightly less in the @entity2649 group (409 vs. 480 cc.). Intra-operative complications were higher in the APF group, mostly due to vein lacerations in the anterior retroperitoneal approach. @entity260 were higher in the @entity2649 group due to graft material extruding against the nerve root or wound drainage. The @entity1516 rate was statistically equal (APF 17.6% and @entity2649 23.1%) and was higher than most published reports. Significant improvements were noted in both groups for the SF-36 questionnaires. The mean ODI scores at follow-up were 33.5 for the APF and 39.5 for the @entity2649 group. The @entity1 satisfaction rate was equal for the two groups.

title: Clinical and radiological outcome of anterior-posterior fusion versus transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for symptomatic @entity1797 : a retrospective comparative study of 133 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['TLIF', 'transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration of the lumbar spine']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A @entity1 with a @entity2013 is usually infertile. Dopamine agonists usually restore ovulation and fertility and such treatment generally is preferred over transsphenoidal surgery because of higher efficacy and safety. Cabergoline is usually preferred over bromocriptine because of its better efficacy with fewer adverse effects. Either drug increases the rates of spontaneous abortions, preterm deliveries, multiple births, or @entity600 over what may be expected. However, the number of pregnancies reporting such experience is about sevenfold greater for bromocriptine. @entity5 growth causing significant symptoms and requiring intervention has been reported to occur in 2.4% of those with microadenomas, 21% in those with macroadenomas without prior surgery or irradiation, and 4.7% of those with macroadenomas with prior surgery or irradiation. Visual fields should be assessed periodically during gestation in @entity1 with macroadenomas. If significant @entity5 growth occurs, most @entity1 respond well to reinstitution of the dopamine agonist. Delivery of the baby and placenta can also be considered if the pregnancy is sufficiently advanced. Transsphenoidal debulking of the @entity5 is rarely necessary.

title: ENDOCRINOLOGY IN PREGNANCY: Management of the pregnant @entity1 with a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

answer: @entity2013 :: (MESH:D015175,Disease) :: ['prolactinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1118 is highly prevalent. Current management is challenged by lack of validated objective measures like biological markers. Clinical @entity158 studies employing exercise interventions have evaluated biomarkers; however, it is unclear how exercise impacts biomarkers involved in @entity158 pathways and whether these markers are associated with relevant @entity158 -related outcomes. This systematic review evaluates data from clinical studies employing exercise interventions in chronic musculoskeletal nonmalignant @entity158 conditions in which biomarkers in @entity158 pathways were measured. METHOD: Published research studies from several databases were examined using the Jadad Scale for assessing the quality of clinical studies. RESULTS: Twelve research studies were reviewed. Jadad scores ranged from 5 to 11 out of 13 points. Inflammatory markers were most commonly measured followed by neurotransmitter-related genes and metabolite-detecting genes. After exercise interventions, changes in biomarkers involved in neurotransmission and @entity32 suggest a hypoalgesic exercise effect. Significant biomarker associations were found with @entity158 intensity, fatigue, @entity308 , @entity148 , and quality of life. However, there were varying methodologies in the studies reviewed. DISCUSSION: It remains a question whether biomarkers can be used as objective measures for risk assessment, diagnosis, or evaluation or as surrogate endpoints in @entity1118 . Adequate sample sizes, optimal exercise dose determination, study replications, and longitudinal research studies with consistent methodologies are warranted. Regardless, the potential translational value of biomarkers in @entity1118 is evident. Advancing nursing research in biomarkers is vital for moving the nursing discipline and clinical @entity1118 practice forward. Developing a biobehavioral perspective in @entity1118 is also necessary for comprehensive management.

title: Effects of Exercise on Select Biomarkers and Associated Outcomes in XXXX Conditions: Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['Chronic Pain']


abstract: This study provides morphological evidence for axon retraction during the elimination of polyneuronal innervation in postnatal @entity35 soleus muscle. The motor innervation of muscles from animals 7-15 days and two months of age was examined in @entity575 -stained preparations at the light microscopic level and in serial sections with the electron microscope. Transection of the soleus nerve in immature muscles revealed that the pattern of terminal and preterminal degeneration was similar to, but much more rapid than, that reported for adult muscles. During normal development, less than 1% of the preterminal axons sampled exhibited a denervation-like morphology and none of the neuromuscular junctions exhibited dense @entity528 . This indicates that autotomy and phagocytosis of the excess axons play a minor role in the development of connections. From estimates of the number of axons lost per day, about 20% of the endplates in 14-day-old muscles would be expected to have involuting axons associated with them. Slender axons terminating in @entity1283 were associated with 18% of the endplates examined ultrastructurally which is consistent with the predicted rate of axon removal. These structures are interpreted as morphological manifestations of axon retraction because they were not present in adult material and they were not produced by nerve transection. Furthermore, they are comparable in shape and location to the putative retraction fibres identified in @entity575 -stained sections at the light microscopic level. The present results indicate that retraction is the major means by which all but one of the multiple inputs per endplate are removed during the establishment of the adult pattern of motor innervation.

title: Ultrastructural evidence for axon retraction during the spontaneous elimination of polyneuronal innervation of the XXXX soleus muscle.

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['vesicle-laden enlargements']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['terminal degeneration']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Results from clinical trials have established @entity2240 as a standard of care for first-line treatment of advanced or metastatic @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ); however, many @entity1 , particularly those with a poorer prognosis, do not meet inclusion criteria and little is known about the activity of @entity2240 in these subgroups. The primary objective of this trial was to provide @entity2240 on a compassionate-use basis to trial-ineligible @entity1 with @entity1358 from countries where regulatory approval had not been granted. METHODS: Previously treated and treatment-naive @entity1 at least 18 years of age with metastatic @entity1358 were eligible. All @entity1 received open-label @entity2240 50 mg orally once daily on schedule 4-2 (4 weeks on treatment, 2 weeks off). Safety was assessed regularly, @entity5 measurements done per local practice, and survival data collected where possible. Analyses were done in the modified intention-to-treat (ITT) population, which consisted of all @entity1 who received at least one dose of @entity2240 . This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00130897. FINDINGS: As of December, 2007, 4564 @entity1 were enrolled in 52 countries. 4371 @entity1 were included in the modified ITT population. This population included 321 (7%) @entity1 with brain metastases, 582 (13%) with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 2 or higher, 588 (13%) non-clear-cell @entity1358 , and 1418 (32%) aged 65 years or more. @entity1 received a median of five treatment cycles (range 1-25). Reasons for discontinuation included lack of efficacy (n=1168 [27%]) and adverse events (n=362 [8%]). The most common treatment-related adverse events were @entity294 (n=1936 [44%]) and @entity1295 (n=1606 [37%]). The most common grade 3-4 adverse events were @entity1295 (n=344 [8%]) and @entity882 (n=338 [8%]) with incidences of grade 3-4 adverse events similar across subgroups. In 3464 evaluable @entity1 , the objective response rate (ORR) was 17% (n=603), with subgroup ORR as follows: brain metastases (26 of 213 [12%]), ECOG performance status 2 or higher (29 of 319 [9%]), non-clear-cell @entity1358 (48 of 437 [11%]) and age 65 years or more (176 of 1056 [17%]). Median progression-free survival was 10.9 months (95% CI 10.3-11.2) and overall survival was 18.4 months (17.4-19.2). INTERPRETATION: In a broad population of @entity1 with metastatic @entity1358 , the safety profile of @entity2240 50 mg once-daily (initial dose) on schedule 4-2 was manageable and efficacy results were encouraging, particularly in subgroups associated with poor prognosis who are not usually entered into clinical trials. FUNDING: Pfizer Inc.

title: Safety and efficacy of @entity2240 for metastatic XXXX : an expanded-access trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal-cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal-cell carcinoma']


abstract: Spontaneous apoptosis was assessed in ten small-cell ( @entity4153 ) and five non-small cell (NSCLC) @entity2 cell lines by the TUNEL assay and chromatin cleavage. TUNEL staining showed significantly higher apoptotic index (AI) in @entity4153 (2-20%) compared with NSCLC lines (0.2-1%) in untreated exponentially growing cells. Six out of ten @entity4153 and none of the NSCLC showed DNA fragmentation when analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Field inversion pulse gel electrophoresis was used in a subset of cell lines and showed the presence of high molecular weight fragments in untreated @entity4153 lines U-1285 and U-1906 cells, but not in the NSCLC line U-1810. Important molecular determinants of apoptosis were studied by Western blot. @entity588 was detected at highest level in @entity4153 . There was no correlation between the ratio @entity588 / @entity589 and AI in all tested cell lines. Neither @entity876 nor @entity517 protein status correlated to AI. @entity522 was expressed in all cell lines without correlation to AI and no difference between the @entity4153 and NSCLC groups was found. In conclusion, this study shows a high degree of spontaneous apoptosis in @entity4153 lines compared to NSCLC lines unrelated to @entity588 / @entity589 ratio.

title: Higher spontaneous apoptotic index in small cell compared with non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines; lack of correlation with @entity588 / XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

answer: @entity589 :: (581,Gene) :: ['Bax']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity55 is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after @entity64 . We aimed to determine key characteristics that would allow prediction of those @entity1 who are at highest risk for @entity55 . METHODS: We studied a series of consecutive @entity1 with @entity64 who were admitted to hospital. Detailed evaluation included the modified National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale; the Abbreviated Mental Test; and measures of swallow, respiratory, and oral health status. @entity55 was diagnosed by set criteria. @entity1 were followed up at 3 months after @entity64 . RESULTS: We studied 412 @entity1 , 391 (94.9%) with @entity385 and 21 (5.1%) with @entity64 ; 78 (18.9%) met the study criteria for @entity55 . Subjects who developed @entity55 were older (mean+/-SD age, 75.9+/-11.4 vs 64.9+/-13.9 years), had higher modified National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale scores, a history of @entity1030 , lower Abbreviated Mental Test scores, and a higher oral cavity score, and a greater proportion tested positive for bacterial cultures from oral swabs. In binary logistic-regression analysis, independent predictors (P<0.05) of @entity55 were age >65 years, @entity4653 or no speech due to @entity2026 , a modified Rankin Scale score > or =4, an Abbreviated Mental Test score <8, and failure on the water swallow test. The presence of 2 or more of these risk factors carried 90.9% sensitivity and 75.6% specificity for the development of @entity55 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity55 after @entity64 is associated with older age, @entity4653 /no speech due to @entity2026 , severity of @entity717 , @entity73 , and an abnormal water swallow test result. Simple assessment of these variables could be used to identify @entity1 at high risk of developing @entity55 after @entity64 .

title: Risk factors for chest infection in XXXX : a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke', 'Stroke', 'hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['poststroke pneumonia', 'pneumonia', 'Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['poststroke disability']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: In the period 1996-2001 in the Clinic for Plastic Surgery and Burns of the Military Medical Academy, 18 @entity1 . 12 male and 6 female, with hereditary @entity4240 (HDEB) and @entity1847 were surgically treated, to achieve the complete separation of fingers, correction of the thumb adduction @entity1159 and flexion or extension @entity1159 of finger joints. The period of wound healing on flat surfaces after surgery, and the period between two operations was estimated. The most common @entity85 was the flexion @entity1159 of metacarpophalangeal (MP) joints (45%) and one or both @entity6520 ( @entity6520 ) joints (types A1, A2). In 20% of the hands MP joint was stretched with the flexion @entity1159 in @entity571 ( @entity571 ) or both @entity6520 (types @entity23576 . In 35% of hands MP joint was in hyperextension with folded proximal @entity6520 (PIP) or both @entity6520 (C1 i C2). The adduction @entity6276 , without the possibility of abduction, was present in 15%, type 2, when the thumb was placed above the palm in 60% and type 3, when the thumb was fused in the palm in 25%. Pseudosyndactyly of the first degree (till PIP joint) was found in 30% of hands, the second degree (till @entity571 joint) in 25%, and the third degree (the whole finger length) in 45% of hands. Fingers were completely separated and stretched surgically. The period of spontaneous healing was 15 days on the average. EBDC represents great medical and social problem that requires multidisciplinary approach of physicians of various specialties (surgeons, dermatologists, pediatrists, geneticists, nutritionists, physiatrists, ophthalmologists, dentists, ENT, as well as specially trained @entity1 and families). The efficient specific systemic therapy aiming to increase the skin resistance to mechanical @entity130 does not exist yet, and should be developed in the field of gene therapy. The surgical correction of @entity1847 , acrylate glove use in the longer post operative period combined with physiotherapy, the active use of hands, the protection of injuries and skin care are the measures which prolong the period between the recurrence of @entity1159 .

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX in hereditary dystrophic bullous epidermolysis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['DIP', 'distal interphalangeal']

entities_list: @entity4240 :: ('MESH:D016108', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa']

entities_list: @entity6520 :: ('MESH:C536223', 'Disease') :: ['interphalangeal', 'IP joints', 'IP']

entities_list: @entity1847 :: ('MESH:D006226', 'Disease') :: ['hand deformities']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture', 'contractures']

entities_list: @entity6276 :: ('MESH:C536903', 'Disease') :: ['deformity of the thumb type 1']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

answer: @entity1847 :: (MESH:D006226,Disease) :: ['hand deformities']


abstract: PURPOSE: The WHO/International Society of Urological Pathology classification of @entity150 , introduced in 1998, differs from the traditional 1973 WHO classification. Few studies have reported survival data based on the WHO/International Society of Urological Pathology classification and none has demonstrated clear superiority compared to the 1973 WHO system. In a large, nonselected population of @entity1 with @entity150 we rated all incident @entity5 using each system and compared long-term @entity1 survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: New Hampshire residents with @entity150 diagnosed between 1994 and 2000 were identified through the State Cancer Registry. Slides were retrieved from more than 90% of cases and reviewed by a single pathologist. @entity5 were classified according to WHO and WHO/International Society of Urological Pathology criteria. Overall @entity1 survival was determined for the cohort of 504 @entity1 after an average of 7 years using a national mortality database. RESULTS: For both grading systems there was a gradient of progressively lower survival times from the lowest grade to the highest grade @entity5 . Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the WHO/International Society of Urological Pathology system were 1.9 (1.0-3.4) for low grade @entity1377 and 3.0 (1.5-6.0) for high grade @entity1377 , compared to papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential. For the WHO (1973) system compared to grade 1 @entity5 the hazard ratio for grade 2 @entity5 was 1.8 (1.1-3.1) and for grade 3 was 2.4 (1.2-4.7). CONCLUSIONS: Advantages of the WHO/International Society of Urological Pathology bladder @entity5 classification include more detailed diagnostic criteria, the ability to define a lesion with minimal malignant potential and the ability to identify a larger group of @entity1 needing closer surveillance. However, we found that the WHO/International Society of Urological @entity5 categories did not detect a clear overall survival advantage compared to the WHO (1973) classification system.

title: Survival following the diagnosis of noninvasive XXXX : WHO/International Society of Urological Pathology versus WHO classification systems.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'Pathology tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In Malaysia, @entity0 is the first @entity5 among females regardness of race. AIM: The purpose of this study was to identify the knowledge and @entity9567 practice among undergraduate female students at four public universities in Klang Valley, Malaysia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 820 undergraduate female students using a self-administered questionnaire covering socio-demographic data, knowledge of @entity0 and @entity9567 practice. RESULTS: The mean age of the respondents was 21.7  1.2 years. The majority of them were single (96.8%), Malay (91.9%) and 16.5% of respondents had a family history of @entity0 . This study showed low level of knowledge on @entity0 and breast self-examination among @entity1 . Only 19.6% @entity1 were performing @entity9567 regularly. Knowledge of breast self-examination was significantly associated with @entity9567 practice (p=0.00). Also, there were significant associations between performing @entity9567 with age, marital status and being trained by a doctor for doing @entity9567 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that the rate of @entity9567 practice and knowledge of @entity0 is inadequate among young Malaysian females. A public health education program is essential to improve @entity0 prevention among this group.

title: Knowledge of Female Undergraduate Students on XXXX and Breast Self-examination in Klang Valley, Malaysia.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The determination of cytokine concentrations in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) may contribute to the diagnosis of @entity378 ( @entity378 ) since cytokines have been ascribed an important role in @entity378 pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of @entity310 , @entity379 and @entity1199 levels in serum and BALF of smear-negative @entity1907 @entity1 . METHOD: BALF was obtained from the affected lobe in @entity1 with smear-negative @entity378 or @entity358 ( @entity358 ), and from the right middle lobe in healthy controls. ELISA and a nephelometric method were used to detect cytokine and albumin levels. RESULTS: @entity310 levels in BALF were significantly elevated in the @entity378 group (n = 15) compared with the @entity358 @entity1 (n = 40) and controls (n = 17; p < 0.001). Although these three cytokines correlated well with each other in BALF (p < 0.0001, and r >or= 0.7, respectively), BALF @entity1199 and @entity379 levels were not significantly different among the groups (p > 0.05). BALF @entity310 or @entity379 levels were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity66 (n = 11) versus those without (n = 61; p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found between cavitary (n = 7) and non-cavitary @entity378 in cytokine levels (p > 0.05). Neither gender nor smoking status showed any statistical differences in cytokines in the groups (p > 0.05). Sensitivity and specificity of BALF @entity310 were found to be 73 and 76%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values for BALF @entity310 were 44 and 91%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In cases of smear-negative @entity378 , BALF @entity310 can be a useful tool to identify healthy subjects rather than smear-negative @entity378 @entity1 .

title: Diagnostic accuracy of cytokine levels ( @entity310 , @entity1199 and XXXX ) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of smear-negative @entity1907 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cavitary disease']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['other pulmonary diseases', 'OPD']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['IFN-gamma']


abstract: CONCLUSION: A new @entity19 model of M  ni  re's disease has been developed, based on long-term administration of vasopressin. Induction of @entity394 in the present animal model can cause additional stress, by reducing @entity389 flow. Latanoprost, a selective agonist for the FP prostanoid receptor, may become a new remedy for M  ni  re's disease. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop a more suitable animal model, with a closer resemblance to the pathophysiological process in M  ni  re's disease. METHODS: Adult CBA/J or ICR @entity19 were treated by subcutaneous injection of vasopressin for 5 days up to 8 weeks. Morphological analyses were performed of the cochlea, vestibular end organs and endolymphatic sac. The effect of latanoprost on the development of @entity5570 was also examined. RESULTS: All experimental animals showed mild to moderate @entity5570 , increasing in severity as the vasopressin treatment was prolonged. Animals treated with vasopressin for 8 weeks showed severe @entity5570 with partial loss of outer hair cells and spiral ganglion cells. These animals also had a reversible @entity394 following intratympanic injection of @entity1425 . Latanoprost inhibited the development of @entity5570 caused by vasopressin.

title: Long-term administration of vasopressin can cause M  ni  re's disease in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5570 :: ('MESH:D018159', 'Disease') :: ['endolymphatic hydrops']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner ear blood']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular dysfunction']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of autophagy-related proteins ( @entity8783 , @entity21684 and @entity10407 ) in brain tissue with @entity6795 and related molecular pathogenesis. METHODS: The brain tissue of 18 cases with epileptogenic foci resection, including 6 cases of @entity2916 ( @entity2916 ), 6 cases of focal @entity10067 ( @entity24732 IIb) and 6 cases of focal @entity6795 ( @entity24732 I), were retrieved. Immunohistochemical study for @entity8783 , @entity21684 and @entity10407 proteins was performed. The degree of positivity for @entity8783 and @entity21684 proteins was compared. Western blot was used to quantitatively analyze the @entity21684 protein in focal lesion of each disease groups. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical study showed that the three proteins were mainly expressed in the dysmorphic neurons and balloon cells/giant cells of @entity2916 and @entity24732 IIb. The positivity was more intense in the dysmorphic neurons than the other cell types. Immunostaining for @entity8783 showed granular or diffuse cytoplasmic positivity, in addition to the strong expression in axons. On the other hand, @entity21684 showed diffuse or perinuclear cytoplasmic expression. The staining for @entity10407 was mainly cytoplasmic or perinuclear and sometimes nuclear. In @entity24732 , only individual cells showed positive expression for the three proteins. The number of @entity8783 and @entity21684 -positive cells was larger in @entity2916 group, followed by @entity24732 IIb group and @entity24732 I group.And there were significant differences between @entity2916 group and @entity24732 I group, as well as @entity24732 IIb group and @entity24732 I group (P<0.05). Quantitative expression of @entity21684 protein by Western blot showed smaller amount in @entity2916 group, followed by @entity24732 IIb group and @entity24732 I group. CONCLUSIONS: The dysmorphic neurons and balloon cells/giant cells of @entity2916 and @entity24732 IIb show abnormality in autophagy, resulting in intracytoplasmic protein accumulation. There are differences in molecular pathogenesis in these cell types.

title: [Expression of autophagy-related proteins in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysplasia type I', 'malformations of cortical development']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis complex', 'TSC']

entities_list: @entity10067 :: ('MESH:C537067', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysplasia type IIb']

answer: @entity6795 :: (MESH:D054220,Disease) :: ['malformations of cortical development']


abstract: @entity694 , combined with @entity4340 formation, is rare. A 44-year-old male visited for back @entity158 and left buttock mass. Abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance image revealed a large @entity733 in the left psoas muscle and in the left lower quadrant area. Ten days after incision and drainage, a skin defect around the left anterior superior iliac spine remained. A local flap was performed using a superficial skin graft. Ten days after the stitches had been removed, fecal discharge was observed around the anterior superior iliac spine at the flap site. An operation was performed by a general surgeon who had diagnosed this as a case of enterocutaneous @entity292 . Operative findings included a @entity5 mass in the descending colon, which was connected to a @entity733 . Pathologic report findings determined @entity420 of the resected colon. Herein, we report a case of @entity4340 resulting from perforating @entity694 .

title: @entity4340 caused by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured tumor']

entities_list: @entity4340 :: ('MESH:D016659', 'Disease') :: ['psoas abscess']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal abscess', 'abscess']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Spontaneous rupture of colon cancer', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['spontaneous rupture of colon cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conflicting evidence exists regarding the association between @entity1718 ( @entity10194 ) and @entity164 2 @entity6 . In this longitudinal case-cohort study, we aimed to investigate the prospective associations between objectively measured individual plasma phospholipid SFAs and @entity2175 in EPIC-InterAct @entity1 . METHODS: The EPIC-InterAct case-cohort study includes 12,403 @entity1 with @entity2175 and a representative subcohort of 16,154 individuals who were selected from a cohort of 340.234 European @entity1 with 3  99 million @entity1 -years of follow-up (the EPIC study). Incident @entity164 2 @entity6 was ascertained until Dec 31, 2007, by a review of several sources of evidence. Gas chromatography was used to measure the distribution of @entity1718 in plasma phospholipids (mol%); samples from @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and subcohort @entity1 were processed in a random order by centre, and laboratory staff were masked to @entity1 characteristics. We estimated country-specific hazard ratios (HRs) for associations per SD of each SFA with @entity2175 using Prentice-weighted Cox regression, which is weighted for case-cohort sampling, and pooled our findings using random-effects meta-analysis. FINDINGS: SFAs accounted for 46% of total plasma phospholipid fatty acids. In adjusted analyses, different individual SFAs were associated with @entity2175 in opposing directions. Even-chain SFAs that were measured (14:0 [ @entity18257 ], 16:0 [ @entity7609 ], and 18:0 [ @entity3106 ]) were positively associated with @entity2175 (HR [95% CI] per SD difference: @entity18257 1  15 [95% CI 1  09-1  22], @entity7609 1  26 [1  15-1  37], and @entity3106 1  06 [1  00-1  13]). By contrast, measured odd-chain SFAs (15:0 [ @entity4491 ] and 17:0 [heptadecanoic acid]) were inversely associated with @entity2175 (HR [95% CI] per 1 SD difference: 0  79 [0  73-0  85] for @entity4491 and 0  67 [0  63-0  71] for @entity31276 ), as were measured longer-chain SFAs (20:0 [ @entity41457 ], 22:0 [ @entity64749 ], 23:0 [ @entity65777 ], and 24:0 @entity64313 ), with HRs ranging from 0  72 to 0  81 (95% CIs ranging between 0  61 and 0  92). Our findings were robust to a range of sensitivity analyses. INTERPRETATION: Different individual plasma phospholipid SFAs were associated with @entity2175 in opposite directions, which suggests that SFAs are not homogeneous in their effects. Our findings emphasise the importance of the recognition of subtypes of these @entity1718 . An improved understanding of differences in sources of individual SFAs from dietary intake versus endogenous metabolism is needed. FUNDING: EU FP6 programme, Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Medical Research Council @entity1 Nutrition Research, and Cambridge Lipidomics Biomarker Research Initiative.

title: Differences in the prospective association between individual plasma phospholipid saturated @entity1718 and XXXX : the EPIC-InterAct case-cohort study.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['incident type 2 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Human', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity64313 :: ('MESH:C010210', 'Chemical') :: ['[lignoceric acid]']

entities_list: @entity3106 :: ('MESH:C031183', 'Chemical') :: ['stearic acid']

entities_list: @entity41457 :: ('MESH:C094477', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidic acid']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity18257 :: ('MESH:D019814', 'Chemical') :: ['myristic acid']

entities_list: @entity64749 :: ('MESH:C007547', 'Chemical') :: ['behenic acid']

entities_list: @entity4491 :: ('MESH:C117025', 'Chemical') :: ['pentadecanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity31276 :: ('MESH:C013102', 'Chemical') :: ['heptadecanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity65777 :: ('MESH:C068166', 'Chemical') :: ['tricosanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids', 'saturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity7609 :: ('MESH:D019308', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitic acid']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['incident type 2 diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We previously reported that @entity12579 ( @entity12579 ) stimulates @entity11384 -evoked @entity268 efflux through @entity63729 ( @entity63729 ) in the exocrine pancreas. Here we sought to establish in vivo whether this mechanism was involved in acute @entity788 onset in the @entity35 . @entity35 pretreated with or without @entity20660 (MRPs general inhibitor) were infused with @entity11384 alone or with @entity12579 . A set of these animals were given repetitive cerulein injections to induce acute @entity788 . Plasma amylase and intrapancreatic trypsin activities were measured and histological examination of the pancreas performed. @entity11384 alone activated trypsinogen but induced no pancreatic histological changes. Blockade by @entity20660 in @entity11384 -treated @entity35 increased trypsin and also induced vacuolization, a hallmark of acute @entity788 . @entity12579 prevented the @entity11384 response but in the absence of @entity20660 . In @entity35 with acute @entity788 , pretreatment with @entity11384 aggravated the disease, but @entity12579 prevented @entity11384 -induced changes. Blockade of MRPs in @entity35 with acute @entity788 induced trypsinogen activation and larger cytoplasmic vacuoles as well as larger areas of @entity39 and @entity4 that were aggravated by @entity11384 but not prevented by @entity12579 . The temporal resolution of intracellular @entity268 levels seems critical in the onset of acute @entity788 , since @entity11384 -evoked @entity268 in a context of @entity24071 inhibition makes the pancreas prone to injury in normal @entity35 and aggravates the onset of acute @entity788 . Present findings support a protective role for @entity12579 mediated by @entity268 extrusion through @entity63729 and further suggest that the regulation of @entity63729 by @entity12579 would be relevant to maintain pancreatic acinar cell homeostasis.

title: Blockade of Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins Aggravates Acute @entity788 and Blunts @entity12579 's Beneficial Effect in @entity35 : Role of @entity63729 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63729 :: ('170924(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['MRP4', 'multidrug resistance-associated protein 4']

entities_list: @entity11384 :: ('MESH:D012633', 'Chemical') :: ['Secretin', 'secretin']

entities_list: @entity12579 :: ('24602(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['atrial natriuretic factor', 'ANF']

entities_list: @entity20660 :: ('MESH:D011339', 'Chemical') :: ['probenecid']

answer: @entity63729 :: (170924(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['ABCC4']


abstract: The concept of whether immune function was related to risk of recurrence was examined in @entity1 with operable @entity0 in whom careful clinical and pathologic staging had been performed. @entity1 were classified according to the risk of recurrence. The "low risk" group included @entity1 with minimal @entity0 , noninfiltrating @entity5 , or infiltrating @entity5 less than 1 cm with negative nodes. The "high ridk" group included @entity1 with lesions greater than 1 cm or who had greater than or equal to 4 nodal metastases or who had macrometastases at Level II or III (apex). In the "intermediate risk" group were @entity1 with infiltrating @entity5 less than 1 cm or with less than 4 nodal metastases at I only. Immune reactivity was assessed by skin tests, by measurement of absolute lymphocyte count, T and B cells, lymphocyte stimulation by mitogens and a battery of common antigens, serum immunoglobulins and complement levels. There were 134 @entity1 with operable @entity0 and 63 @entity1 with benign breast lesions. The @entity0 @entity1 showed minimal or no impairment of DNCB skin test. Only @entity1 with nodal metastases showed a slight but not significant impairment of @entity3304 responses (80% were DNCB positive compared to 90% in the controls.) The lymphocyte responses to mitogens were normal in the @entity0 @entity1 , but there was a significant @entity308 of lymphocyte responses to certain recall antigens such as @entity5132 and @entity526 . The absolute lymphocyte count and the T cell counts were normal, but B cells bearing complement receptors were decreased and B cells bearing sufface immunoglobulins were increased in the @entity0 @entity1 . Analysis of immune function according to the pathologic stage of disease "risk of recurrence" categories showed no correlation with skin tests or lymphocyte levels. A striking and paradoxical finding was the demonstration that @entity1 with "low risk" @entity5 overall had markedly lower responses to the battery of stimulating mitogens and antigens than found in @entity1 with "high risk" or "intermediate risk" disease. Only the lymphocyte responses to @entity8990 showed a significant linear correlation with increasing pathologic stage or "risk of recurrence." Current evidence from this study suggests that @entity8990 response is markedly influenced by the primary @entity5 burdenand thus indirectly reflects the risk of recurrence.

title: Immunobiology of operable XXXX : an assessment of biologic risk by immunoparameters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: (90)Y resin radioembolization is an emerging treatment in @entity1 with liver-dominant metastatic @entity5 (mNETs), despite the absence of level I data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of this modality in a meta-analysis of the published literature. METHODS: A comprehensive review protocol screened all reports in the literature. Strict selection criteria were applied to ensure consistency among the selected studies: @entity1 subjects, complete response data with time interval, resin microspheres, more than 5 @entity1 , not a duplicate cohort, English language, and separate and complete data for resin-based (90)Y treatment of mNET if the study included multiple @entity5 and microsphere types. Selected studies were critically appraised on 50 study criteria, in accordance with the research reporting standards for radioembolization. Response data (Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 ) were extracted and analyzed using both fixed and random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-six studies were screened; 12 were selected, totaling 435 procedures for response assessment. Funnel plots showed no evidence of publication bias (P = 0.841). Critical appraisal revealed a median of 75% of desired criteria included in selected studies. Very high between-study heterogeneity ruled out a fixed-effects model. The random-effects weighted average objective response rate (complete and partial responses, CR and PR, respectively) was 50% (95% confidence interval, 38%-62%), and weighted average disease control rate (CR, PR, and stable disease) was 86% (95% confidence interval, 78%-92%). The percentage of @entity1 with pancreatic mNET was marginally associated with poorer response (P = 0.030), accounting for approximately 23% of the heterogeneity among studies. The percentage of CR and PR correlated with median survival (R = 0.85; P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis confirms radioembolization to be an effective treatment option for @entity1 with hepatic mNET. The pooled data demonstrated a high response rate and improved survival for @entity1 responding to therapy.

title: The efficacy of hepatic 90Y resin radioembolization for metastatic XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Solid Tumors', 'neuroendocrine tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neuroendocrine tumors']


abstract: Previous studies have reported that poorly differentiated @entity420 and @entity694 and rectum ( @entity13324 _ Muc) show a low incidence and poor prognosis. However, genetic alterations and tumourigenesis of @entity13324 _ Muc remain unclear. In our study, we analyzed the genetic and epigenetic alterations of @entity13324 _ Muc to clarify the difference from those of @entity420 ( @entity420 ). First, we evaluated the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on 4 chromosomes (2p, 5q, 17p, 18q) frequently observed in @entity14 . Second, to determine large-scale allelic losses, we performed wide-ranging allelotyping study. Using 27 microsatellite markers spanning every 10 cM on chromosome 17 and 18, we defined the LOH ratio as the proportion of markers that exhibit LOH out of 27 markers. Third, we evaluated the methylation of @entity5962 . With respect to LOH of 4 loci, higher rates of LOH were observed in @entity13324 _ Muc and a statistical significance was found on the markers adjacent to @entity4311 and @entity1594 / @entity46182 . Moreover, as the evidence of large-scale allelic imbalance, the average LOH ratio was higher in @entity13324 _ Muc (0.70) than in @entity420 (0.24) (p = 0.01). Methylation analysis showed that 54.5% of @entity13324 _ Muc demonstrated hypermethylation of @entity5962 . In immunohistochemistry, 77.8% of @entity13324 _ Muc exhibited abnormal expression of @entity5962 . Hypermethylation of @entity5962 correlated significantly with abnormal expression (p = 0.047). These results suggest that the higher rates of LOH contribute to @entity13324 _ Muc tumourigenesis and most of @entity13324 _ Muc lose normal @entity5962 expression, partly because of the methylation of promoter region.

title: Poorly differentiated @entity420 and @entity694 and rectum show higher rates of loss of heterozygosity and loss of XXXX expression due to methylation of promoter region.

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous carcinoma of the colon']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['well-differentiated adenocarcinoma', 'WD', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5962 :: (999,Gene) :: ['E-cadherin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1732 is one of the key drugs used in induction chemotherapy for @entity5 . @entity358 is the major and potentially fatal adverse side-effect of this drug. METHODS: To evaluate the risk factors for @entity1732 @entity358 , we retrospectively analyzed the cases of 20 @entity1 treated for metastatic @entity5 at Tsukuba University Hospital between 1990 and 1996. All @entity1 were treated with two to four cycles of a PVB regimen or BEP regimen. Recombinant @entity1 @entity1261 was used in all but one case. With a logistic procedure, we evaluated the age, total @entity1732 dose, total @entity900 dose, @entity8 , leukocytosis, smoking history, lung metastases and drug regimen as risk factors for a decrease in the diffusing capacity. RESULTS: Diffusing capacity was decreased to below 75% of the predicted values in nine @entity1 . Elevation of the serum @entity1011 level was the most significant risk factor (P = 0.018) by the chi-squared test. A logistic regression analysis also indicated that the elevation of serum @entity1011 level was an independent risk factor for a decrease in the diffusing capacity (odds ratio 22.3, 95% Cl 1.02-487.3, P = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS: We recommend a pulmonary function assessment of @entity1 receiving a relatively low dose of @entity1732 , especially when an elevated serum @entity1011 level is seen during chemotherapy.

title: Serum XXXX level during chemotherapy for @entity5 as a possible predictor of @entity1732 -induced @entity358 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injury']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary toxicity', 'pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['Bleomycin', 'bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: Little is known regarding the hormonal regulation of granulosa cell steroidogenesis and the @entity43 factor (IGF) system in the mare. The objectives of this study were to determine, first, if @entity53 , insulin, and/or FSH affect @entity134 production by @entity1641 granulosa cells (experiment 1) and, second, if the components of the IGF system are produced by @entity1641 granulosa cells in culture as well as whether @entity53 , insulin, and/or FSH affects IGF and/or IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) production by @entity1641 granulosa cells (experiment 2). Granulosa cells from small (6-15 mm), medium (16-25 mm), and large (25-48 mm) follicles were collected from cyclic mares (n = 14), cultured for 2 days in medium containing 10% fetal calf serum, washed, and then treated for an additional 2 days in serum-free medium with or without added hormones. In experiment 1, large-follicle granulosa cells produced less @entity1420 and more @entity53 than did medium- and/or small-follicle granulosa cells (P < 0.05). @entity1420 production was inhibited (P < 0.05) by FSH and insulin in small- and medium- but not in large-follicle granulosa cells; @entity53 was without effect. Insulin increased (P < 0.05) @entity53 production in small- and medium-follicle granulosa cells but had no effect in large-follicle granulosa cells. In experiment 2, @entity13814 production was inhibited (P < 0.05) by insulin across all follicle sizes but was not affected by @entity53 or FSH. Granulosa cells of medium and large follicles produced more @entity13815 than did granulosa cells of small follicles (P < 0.05). Insulin and FSH inhibited (P < 0.05) @entity13815 production by granulosa cells of large and medium but not of small follicles; @entity53 was without effect. Only @entity67009 were produced by @entity1641 granulosa cells. Production of @entity13816 was less (P < 0.10) in granulosa cells of large versus those of small and medium follicles, whereas medium-follicle granulosa cells produced more (P < 0.05) @entity45737 than did small- or large-follicle granulosa cells. Averaged across follicle sizes, @entity53 increased (P < 0.05) @entity13816 production, FSH increased (P < 0.10) @entity67009 production, and insulin was without effect. These results indicate that @entity13814 , @entity13815 , @entity13816 , and @entity45737 are produced by @entity1641 granulosa cells and that insulin, FSH, and @entity53 play a role in the regulation of steroidogenesis and the IGF system of @entity1641 granulosa cells.

title: Effect of follicle size on in vitro production of steroids and XXXX , @entity13815 , and the IGF-binding proteins by @entity1641 ovarian granulosa cells.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian insulin-like growth']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity13814 :: (100034198(Tax:9796),Gene) :: ['insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I']


abstract: Migrating axons require the correct presentation of guidance molecules, often at multiple choice points, to find their target. @entity30360 , a bifunctional cue involved in both attracting and repelling axons, is involved in many cell migration and axon pathfinding processes in the CNS. The @entity30360 receptor @entity53246 and its @entity2199 homolog @entity33586 have been implicated in directing the guidance of axons toward netrin sources, whereas the @entity2199 @entity30793 receptor, @entity22264 is necessary for migrations away from @entity30793 . However, a role of vertebrate @entity22264 homologs in axonal migration has not been demonstrated. We demonstrate that the Unc5h3 gene product, shown previously to regulate cerebellar granule cell migrations, also controls the guidance of the corticospinal tract, the major tract responsible for coordination of limb movements. Furthermore, we show that corticospinal tract fibers respond differently to loss of UNC5H3. In addition, we observe corticospinal tract defects in @entity19 homozygous for a spontaneous mutation that truncates the @entity53246 transcript. Postnatal day 0 @entity30360 mutant @entity19 also demonstrate corticospinal tract abnormalities. Last, interactions between the @entity53246 and Unc5h3 mutations were observed in gene dosage experiments. This is the first evidence of an involvement in axon guidance for any member of the vertebrate @entity22264 family and confirms that both the cellular and axonal guidance functions of @entity2199 @entity22264 have been conserved in vertebrates.

title: The @entity30360 receptors Unc5h3 and XXXX are necessary at multiple choice points for the guidance of corticospinal tract axons.

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans', 'C. elegans']

answer: @entity53246 :: (13176(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Dcc']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the clinical and biopsy features associated with outcomes at radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) in @entity1 with clinically organ-confined @entity263 and biopsy Gleason scores (GS) of 6 or less. We reviewed 274 biopsies with GS 6 or less @entity5 from @entity1 with clinically organ-confined disease between 1995 and 1998 to determine statistically significant predictors for the following outcomes at RRP: @entity5 volume, small (<0.5 cc), confined (pT2) @entity5 with RRP GS of 6 or less (potentially "insignificant" @entity5 ), and extraprostatic extension (EPE). Clinical and pathologic features evaluated included age, serum @entity1486 (PSA), clinical stage, percent biopsy cores and surface area positive for @entity5 ( @entity5 extent), perineural invasion, @entity1758 -I proliferation, and DNA ploidy by @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ). Multivariate analyses showed that biopsy @entity5 extent (median percent surface area positive 3.3%; P < 0.001 and median biopsy cores positive 28.6%; P = 0.001) and PSA (median 5.5 ng/mL; P = 0.009) predicted @entity5 volume (median 1.4 cc). Biopsy @entity5 extent (P = 0.002), PSA (P = 0.002), and percent S-phase nuclei (P = 0.050) predicted potentially "insignificant" @entity5 at RRP (n = 76, 28%). Percent surface area positive for @entity5 (P = 0.003) predicted EPE (n = 22, 8%). DNA ploidy (n = 211, 79% diploid) and @entity1758 -I proliferation (median 1.4%) did not add information to predict these RRP outcomes. Biopsy @entity5 extent and serum PSA were significantly associated with @entity5 volume. Biopsy @entity5 extent, serum PSA, and percent S-phase nuclei by @entity2996 were predictive of potentially insignificant @entity5 . @entity1 with clinically confined disease, <5% biopsy surface area positive for @entity5 , <20% biopsy cores positive for @entity5 , and GS 6 or less, had a 48% chance of having a potentially insignificant @entity5 at diagnosis if the serum PSA was <10 ng/mL. Percent surface area predicted EPE at RRP. DNA ploidy and @entity1758 -I proliferation by @entity2996 did not provide additional information.

title: Multivariate models to predict clinically important outcomes at prostatectomy for XXXX with organ-confined disease and needle biopsy Gleason scores of 6 or less.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['DIA', 'digital image analysis']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Neoadjuvant treatment strategies have been developed to improve survival of @entity1 with locally advanced @entity418 . Since only @entity1 with major histopathological response benefit from this therapy, predictive markers are needed. We examined a panel of selected gene polymorphisms to predict response to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy ( @entity900 , @entity1487 , 36 Gy) in @entity418 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHOD: Genomic DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues of 52 @entity1 . Allelic genotyping was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction using allele-specific TaqMan probes and correlated with therapy response. RESULTS: Single-nucleotide polymorphism @entity11833 @entity5359 was predictive for therapy response (p < 0.003). Within the TT genotype group of 25 @entity1 , 20 (80%) did not respond to chemoradiation. Of 20 @entity1 with heterogeneous C/T genotype, 14 (70%) were major responders. The CC genotype (seven @entity1 ) was not of predictive importance. @entity11833 polymorphism was significantly (p < 0.02) associated with formation of lymph node @entity3 . Predominant GG genotype of @entity20319 @entity64767 was not predictive; however, the rarely occurring AA genotype was response-associated and the A/G variant was associated with nonresponse. Fifteen additionally analyzed polymorphisms did not show any correlation. CONCLUSION: Our data support the role of @entity11833 as a predictive marker for therapy response. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of @entity11833 and @entity20319 could be applied to further individualize treatment strategies.

title: @entity11833 and XXXX gene polymorphisms predict response to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy in @entity418 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity20319 :: (7515,Gene) :: ['XRCC1']


abstract: Purpose. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between metabolic and inflammatory markers in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Methods. 208 adult @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 participated in this study and were categorized into (1) mild nonproliferative @entity6 (NPDR) without @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ), (2) NPDR with @entity1103 , (3) proliferative @entity6 (PDR) without @entity1103 , and (4) PDR with @entity1103 . Variable serum metabolic markers were assessed using immunoassays. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed. Results. @entity6 duration and @entity101 are the most significant risk factors for @entity6 . Serum @entity755 and @entity755 / @entity3452 ratio were the most significant metabolic risk factors for PDR and @entity1103 . For every 0.1   g/L increase in @entity755 concentration, the risk of PDR and @entity1103 increased by about 1.20 times. We also found that 10   pg/mL increase in serum @entity310 was associated with approximately 2-fold risk of PDR/ @entity1103 while an increase by 100   pg/mL in serum @entity7 concentration correlated with @entity1103 . Conclusions. In conclusion, it seems that there is a link between metabolic and inflammatory markers. @entity755 / @entity3452 ratio should be evaluated as a reliable risk factor for PDR and @entity1103 , while the role of increased systemic @entity310 and @entity7 should be explored in @entity1103 .

title: Cross Talk between Lipid Metabolism and Inflammatory Markers in XXXX with @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'DR', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['CSME', 'clinically significant macular edema']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of @entity706 in the lower gastrointestinal tract and its role in @entity1 undergoing colonoscopic examinations, particularly focusing on any allergic predisposition. METHODS: A database search performed at the Department of Gastroenterology at Onomichi Municipal Hospital identified seven @entity1 with @entity706 in the large intestine (i.e., cecum, colon, and/or rectum). Data regarding the endoscopic, biological, and pathological examinations performed and the allergic histories for each @entity1 were retrospectively reviewed from the clinical records. RESULTS: Median age of the @entity1 (four males, three females) was 50  years. @entity706 was seen in the cecum (n   =   5), ascending colon (n   =   2), and transverse colon (n   =   1). Six @entity1 (85.7  %) had one of the allergic @entity1030 : @entity56 for pollen (n   =   3), @entity565 (n   =   1), infantile @entity565 (n   =   1), or @entity56 (n   =   1). @entity56 (n   =   3) and @entity110 (n   =   2) were also found. All seven @entity1 had one or more @entity56 ; however, none had a history of @entity5419 . Blood tests for allergens revealed that six @entity1 (85.7  %) had positive reactions to inherent allergens, whereas only one @entity1 had a positive reaction to food allergens. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that @entity706 in the large intestine may be associated with allergic @entity1030 rather than with food @entity566 ; thus, its presence may be useful to detect @entity1 with underlying @entity1224 .

title: @entity706 of the colon and its association with underlying allergic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid hyperplasia', 'Lymphoid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma', 'asthma']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinoconjunctivitis', 'allergic bronchitis', 'allergic diseases', 'Drug allergy']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway diseases']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway hyperreactivity']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['airway diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Soluble @entity6758 (sFLT1) is known to be increased in preeclampsia however its releasing process remains unclear. Serine protease including @entity556 and chymotrypsin is related to proteinase-activity, coagulation system, and cell activity. In the present study, we investigated whether chymotrypsin is involved in the production and secretion of sFLT1 through @entity51538 . METHODS: After the presence of chymotrypsin activity in the placenta was confirmed, the term placenta-derived immortalized @entity1 trophoblast ( @entity13663 ) cells were cultured with @entity556 , a-chymotrypsin, @entity8781 agonist or antagonist, and @entity12610 agonist or antagonist for 1 and 6h. Then the secretion of sFLT1 was measured by ELISA and total mRNA of sFLT1 was examined by RT-PCR. RESULTS: @entity556 immediately increased expression of sFLT1 mRNA and secretion of sFLT1 and through @entity8781 . On the other hand, chymotrypsin showed strong induction of sFLT1 release trough @entity51538 comparing with @entity556 at 6h. CONCLUSIONS: The chymotrypsin emitted due to @entity5028 may be involved in release sFLT1 through @entity12610 rather than @entity8781 . It is reasonable to suggest that chymotrypsin may have an original sFLT1 releasing system. DISCLOSURE: C. Hirai: None.

title: [140-POS]: Chymotrypsin induces soluble Fms-Like tyrosine kinase 1 release through the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity556 :: ('2147', 'Gene') :: ['Thrombin', 'thrombin']

entities_list: @entity51538 :: ('2149;2150', 'Gene') :: ['PAR-1 and 2', 'protease-activated receptor (PAR) 1 and 2']

entities_list: @entity5028 :: ('MESH:D010922', 'Disease') :: ['placental dysfunction']

answer: @entity12610 :: (2150,Gene) :: ['protease-activated receptor 2']


abstract: AIMS: Stress hyperglycaemia during hospitalisation may be the first sign of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Most hospitals routinely measure blood @entity413 , which may enable early diagnosis. This study measured the prevalence of hyperglycaemia in hospitalised adults with no history of @entity6 , and whether the discharge summary recommended work-up. METHODS: Files with at least one random blood @entity413 (RBG) sample were included and reviewed for specific discharge recommendations concerning elevated blood @entity413 . Hyperglycaemia was defined as serum @entity413 >  200  mg/dl. Length of stay, in-hospital mortality and 3-year mortality were examined. RESULTS: Among 5274 discharged @entity1 , 1479 had @entity6 . They were older and had a higher incidence of cerebrovascular risk factors. Among 3714 @entity1 without known @entity6 , 211 (5.7%) had at least one RBG  >  200  mg/dl. Of these @entity1 , 31 died and 24 left against medical advice. Of the remaining 156, 25(16%) files included instructions to the family physician. These @entity1 were younger, more overweight and less frequently diagnosed with @entity303 or other @entity1032 . @entity1 with RBG  >  200  mg/dl had prolonged hospital stay (6.5      5.3 vs. 4.0      4.8; p  <  0.001). In-hospital mortality and 3-year mortality were increased by 5.1 and 1.89, respectively (p  <  0.001 for both parameters) compared to those without RBG   <=  200  mg/dl. RBG  >  200  mg/dl emerged as a significant, independent predictor of prolonged hospital stay and @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Random blood @entity413 >  200  mg/dl is common in medical departments and is associated with increased in-hospital and 3-year out-hospital mortality.

title: Hyperglycaemia in @entity1 with no history of XXXX presenting to Internal Medicine Departments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This report evaluates the effects of a @entity308 relapse prevention program on disability outcomes among @entity1 treated for @entity308 at high risk for relapse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Primary care patients initiating antidepressant treatment for @entity308 were assessed 6 to 8 weeks after the initial prescription. @entity1 responding to initial treatment but at high risk for relapse were randomized to usual care or a relapse prevention intervention (N= 386). The 12-month relapse prevention program included systematic @entity1 education, two psycho-educational visits with a @entity308 prevention specialist, shared decision-making regarding maintenance pharmacotherapy, and ongoing monitoring of medication adherence and @entity308 via telephone and mail. Disability outcomes were assessed via blinded telephone assessments at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months using SF-36 and Sheehan Disability scales. RESULTS: Usual care @entity1 and relapse prevention program @entity1 had high rates of use of maintenance pharmacotherapy. Both relapse prevention and usual care @entity1 showed improved functioning over the 12-month follow-up period. One of the three disability measures (the SF-36 Social Function scale) showed a significant intervention effect because of continuing improvement at 9 and 12 month follow-up, whereas the Sheehan Disability Scale showed a nonsignificant trend toward greater improvements in disability among relapse prevention @entity1 than among usual care controls. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate effects of a relapse prevention intervention on @entity308 were associated with modest and variable effects on disability outcomes. Inconsistent effects of the intervention for disability outcomes may be because of the high rates of maintenance pharmacotherapy among usual care @entity1 , relatively mild levels of @entity308 among both intervention and control @entity1 at baseline, the absence of a specific relapse prevention effect of the intervention, and the resultant modest differences in @entity308 between intervention and control @entity1 in this trial.

title: Effect on disability outcomes of a XXXX relapse prevention program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study set out to assess the quality-of-life of school-age @entity1 in relation to their level of @entity565 control. @entity1 AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study of @entity1 with @entity565 using the Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life questionnaire (PAQLQ) and the Asthma Therapy Assessment Questionnaire (ATAQ) to respectively assess the health-related quality of life and the level of @entity565 control. RESULTS: Ninety @entity1 with mean age of 11.8(SD, 2.8; 95% CI, 11.2 to 12.4) years, were enrolled. Fifteen @entity1 (16.7%) were well-controlled, 17 (18.9%) were partly-controlled while 58 (64.4%) had uncontrolled @entity565 . The mean @entity565 control score for all @entity1 was 3.2 (95% CI, 2.8 to 3.7). The mean quality-of-life score was 5.3 (SD, 1.2; 95% CI, 4.9 to 5.5). The lowest score was in the symptom domain: 5.1 (SD, 1.4; 95% CI, 4.9 to 5.5), and among the 14-17 year age group (4.5 SD, 1.5; MD=1.1; p=0.002). The emotional domain was the least affected 5.4 (SD, 1.3; 95% CI, 5.1 to 5.7). @entity1 with well-controlled @entity565 had the best quality-of-life scores in symptom domains: 5.6 (SD, 1.3; 95% CI, MD=0.6, p=0.63). Quality of life scores were not significant in determining @entity565 control (MD=0.1, p=0.98). Age was noted as the strongest quality-of-life predictor (B=-0.2, p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: QOL scores are better in @entity1 with well-controlled @entity565 . Adolescent age group marks a period of both poor @entity565 control and quality of life in @entity1 with @entity565 .

title: Asthma control and quality of life in school- age XXXX in Enugu south east, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In previous studies, we found that the @entity528 was a primary defect associated with the spinal @entity600 . Upon prenatal treatment of @entity3570 through in utero stem cell transplantation in a @entity1968 -induced @entity3570 @entity35 model, we found that the mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) survived, migrated, and differentiated into cells of a neural lineage. In the present study, we investigated whether the transplanted MSCs had the potential to differentiate into sensory neurons or to protect sensory neurons in the defective spinal cord. METHODS: Pregnant @entity35 treated with @entity1968 on embryonic day (E) 10, underwent fetal surgery for MSC transplantation on E16. The fetuses were harvested on E20. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of @entity28137 protein in the transplanted MSCs and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in the defective spinal cords. The expression of the transcription factors @entity28137 and @entity67379 in spinal cords was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Some of the transplanted MSCs expressed sensory neuron cell specific phenotypes. The expression of @entity28137 and @entity67379 was upregulated in the defective spinal cords when compared to controls. The percentage of @entity28137 -positive neurons in DRG was also increased after transplantation. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the transplantation of MSCs into the spinal cord could promote the transplanted MSCs and the surrounding cells to differentiate toward a sensory neuron cell fate and to play an important role in protecting sensory neurons in DRG. This approach might be of value in the treatment of @entity528 in @entity14526 .

title: Sensory neuron differentiation potential of in utero mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in @entity35 fetuses with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity14526 :: ('MESH:D016137', 'Disease') :: ['spina bifida aperta']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['sensory neuron deficiency', 'deficiency of sensory and motor neurons']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity14526 :: (MESH:D016137,Disease) :: ['spina bifida aperta']


abstract: Aims and background. The ATHENA international study investigated the safety and efficacy of bevacizumab plus first-line chemotherapy in locally recurrent/metastatic @entity0 in routine oncology practice. The present paper focuses on the outcomes of the Italian cohort of the study. Methods. A subgroup analysis was carried out to report on the safety (primary endpoint) and efficacy (secondary endpoint) outcomes of @entity1 recruited from Italian Centers. Results. A total of 278 @entity1 were included. Median age was 57 years (range, 26-85), and ECOG performance status was 0 or 1 in 96% of the @entity1 . Bevacizumab was predominantly combined with a @entity3907 monotherapy: @entity1311 (41.4%), @entity1205 (21.9%), or a @entity3907 -based combination therapy (12.2%). The most frequent grade >= 3 adverse events previously associated with bevacizumab were @entity101 (3.2%), @entity644 (2.9%), and @entity299 (0.7%). Median time to progression was 10.9 months. Median overall survival was 29.9 months, and 1-year survival probability was 85%. Objective responses were observed in 62.6% of the @entity1 , and an additional 30% achieved stable disease. Conclusions. Results from the study support the safety and efficacy of bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of locally recurrent/metastatic @entity0 in the context of routine oncology practice in Italy.

title: Safety and efficacy of bevacizumab in combination with first-line chemotherapy in advanced XXXX : Data from the Italian cohort of the ATHENA trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disorders']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The first clinical study of @entity1311 -eluting stent for de novo lesions showed promising results. We performed the TAXUS III trial to evaluate the feasibility and safety of @entity1311 -eluting stent for the treatment of in-stent @entity256 (ISR). METHODS AND RESULTS: The TAXUS III trial was a single-arm, 2-center study that enrolled 28 @entity1 with ISR meeting the criteria of lesion length < or =30 mm, 50% to 99% diameter stenosis, and vessel diameter 3.0 to 3.5 mm. They were treated with one or more TAXUS NIRx @entity1311 -eluting stents. Twenty-five @entity1 completed the angiographic follow-up at 6 months, and 17 of these underwent intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) examination. No subacute stent @entity715 occurred up to 12 months, but there was one late chronic @entity432 , and additional 3 @entity1 showed @entity256 . The mean late loss was 0.54 mm, with neointimal @entity1373 volume of 20.3 mm3. The major adverse cardiac event rate was 29% (8 @entity1 ; 1 non-Q-wave @entity583 , 1 coronary artery bypass grafting, and 6 @entity75 [ @entity75 ]). Of the @entity1 with @entity75 , 1 had @entity256 in a bare stent implanted for edge dissection and 2 had @entity256 in a gap between 2 @entity1311 -eluting stents. Two @entity1 without @entity256 underwent @entity75 as a result of the IVUS assessment at follow-up (1 incomplete apposition and 1 insufficient expansion of the stent). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1311 -eluting stent implantation is considered safe and potentially efficacious in the treatment of ISR. IVUS guidance to ensure good stent deployment with complete coverage of @entity75 may reduce reintervention.

title: TAXUS III Trial: in-stent @entity256 treated with stent-based delivery of XXXX incorporated in a slow-release polymer formulation.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion', 'TLR', 'target lesion revascularization']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis', 'angiographic restenosis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['total occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: Eighty-seven residents from three sheltered accommodation schemes for @entity1 over 60 years, were interviewed about: their physical and mental health, social networks, social support, decision to move in, and how they found living in sheltered housing. Twenty-four percent had a diagnosis of @entity308 and 8% @entity303 , but few had ever seen a mental health professional. Over half (55%) had clinically significant levels of activity limitation and 37% had significant somatic symptoms. Despite provision of glasses or aids 31% could not see satisfactorily and 23% could not hear adequately. Locally integrated social networks were most common (41%). Residents with a private network (16%) were more likely than those with a locally integrated network to have significant activity limitation and to report often being lonely. There were no differences between network types in levels of @entity308 or @entity303 . Poor health of a @entity1 or their spouse was the most commonly reported reason for moving to sheltered housing, followed by the possibly related reasons of problems with their old home no longer being suitable e.g. stairs, and because they wanted to have a warden or alarm system available should the need arise. Most residents were happy living in sheltered accommodation. Many made use of 'sheltered' features such as the common room, the communal laundry, the warden and the alarm. A minority of residents were lonely and a few were unhappy with sheltered accommodation.

title: Social networks and health of older XXXX living in sheltered housing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'person']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of microsurgery on incranial @entity439 and factors influential in prognosis. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 1,041 @entity1 , 505 males and 536 females, aged 44.2 +/- 12.6, with incranial @entity439 treated by microsurgery 1988 approximately 2001, including clipping of @entity439 (982 cases, 94.3%), isolating of the @entity439 (32 cases, 3.1%), and coating of the @entity439 (27 cases, 2.6%). RESULTS: 93 @entity1 (8.9%) had @entity439 . 357 @entity439 (31.2%) were in the posterior communicating artery, 261 (22.8%) in the anterior communicating artery, 210 (18.4%) in the internal carotid artery, 158 (13.8%) in the middle cerebral artery, 63 (5.5%) in the anterior cerebral artery, 59 (5.2%) in the @entity5525 , and 35 (3.1%) in the posterior cerebral artery. The overall operative mortality was 1.8%. Angiography performed post-operationally showed that the @entity439 was occluded in 978 @entity1 (99.6%). The prognosis was related to the age of @entity1 (P = 0.001), Hunt and Hess grading before operation (P = 0.001), diameter of @entity439 (P = 0.000), and whether the @entity1756 during operation (P = 0.006), and was not related to the gender of @entity1 (P = 0.059). CONCLUSION: Clipping of the @entity439 is considered the best treatment. Microinvasive neurosurgery has improved significantly the effect of treatment of @entity438 . Factors influencing prognosis after operation include the age of @entity1 , Hunt and Hess grading before operation, diameter of @entity439 , and whether the @entity1756 during operation.

title: [Microsurgery for XXXX , clinical analysis of 1,041 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5525 :: ('MESH:C538664', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral-basilar artery']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm ruptures']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'multiple aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9818 are diseases rarely associated with pregnancy. The pathogenesis might be related to severe @entity1468 and @entity2102 . CASE REPORT: In May 2000, we saw a 26-year-old primigravida in the 39th gestational week with worsening @entity417 , @entity882 , and increasing liver enzymes. The diagnosis of @entity2102 was made and delivery initiated. Postpartum liver function stabilized, but @entity417 , @entity882 , and preexisting @entity101 worsened. Additionally, renal function deteriorated, and she had to be dialyzed 12 days after delivery. Renal biopsies were performed on day 12, 34, and 60 after delivery. The material showed a @entity9818 , initially in an active stage. Later, @entity82 of the preglomerular arterioles and the glomeruli as well as progressive @entity16 could be shown. Plasmapheresis was started; substitution was performed with fresh frozen plasma (FFP). Simultaneously, the @entity1 was treated with @entity288 . After 24 days, we began with @entity786 pulses. Overall, 28 plasmapheresis sessions and three @entity786 pulses were given. In spite of this aggressive regimen, renal function did not recompensate, and renal replacement therapy with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) was initiated. CONCLUSION: This course shows that mortality could be decreased using plasmapheresis therapy, but further research is needed to introduce more specific, kidney-protective regimens.

title: [Pregnancy-associated XXXX --a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge].

entities_list: @entity9818 :: ('MESH:D057049', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic microangiopathy', 'Thrombotic microangiopathies']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2102 :: ('MESH:D017359', 'Disease') :: ['HELLP syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial damage']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity9818 :: (MESH:D057049,Disease) :: ['thrombotic microangiopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e14670 Background: Peritoneal @entity3 is the most life-threatening @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity356 , and no standard therapy has been established in spite of recent advances in chemotherapy. We previously verified the safety and efficacy of @entity11730 plus intravenous (IV) and intraperitoneal (IP) @entity1311 ( @entity4045 ) in phase I and II studies (Oncology 2009, Ann Oncol 2010). We hereby report the results of 100 @entity1 treated with this regimen at the University of Tokyo Hospital. METHODS: @entity356 @entity1 with macroscopic peritoneal @entity3 were implanted with peritoneal access ports, and received combination chemotherapy of @entity11730 plus IV and IP @entity4045 . @entity4045 was administered IV at 50 mg/m(2) and IP at 20 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8. @entity11730 was administered at 80 mg/m(2)/day for 14 consecutive days, followed by 7 days rest. Radical gastrectomy was performed when macroscopic curative resection was made achievable after the chemotherapy. Efficacy and safety were evaluated in all the @entity1 . RESULTS: Between February 2005 and January 2011, 100 @entity1 with peritoneal @entity3 were treated, including 80 with @entity5 , 10 after palliative gastrectomy, and 10 with peritoneal recurrence. The median number of courses was 8 (range 1-48). The @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 22.6 months (95% CI, 17.9-28.9 months). The MSTs of subgroups were as follows: @entity3 to the adjacent peritoneum, 49.6 months (n=10); metastases to the distant peritoneum, 19.7 months (n=90): Ascites negative, 39.3 months (n=29); ascites positive, 19.0 months (n=71): With @entity5 , 20.6 months (n=80); after palliative gastrectomy, 49.6 months (n=10); with peritoneal recurrence, 22.6 months (n=10). Out of 80 @entity1 with @entity5 , 37 @entity1 underwent gastrectomy after response to chemotherapy, and had a @entity1349 of 34.9 months. The frequent grade 3/4 toxic effects included @entity1398 (36%), @entity1431 (20%) and @entity417 (8%). @entity298 were observed in 7 and 6 @entity1 , respectively. There were no treatment-related @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Combination chemotherapy of @entity11730 plus IV and IP @entity4045 is well tolerated and active in @entity356 @entity1 with peritoneal @entity3 .

title: @entity11730 plus intravenous and intraperitoneal @entity1311 for XXXX with peritoneal @entity3 : A report of 100 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['Infection and obstruction of peritoneal access device']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['median survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']