abstract: OBJECTIVE: To (a) determine the diagnostic value of @entity1904 (PCT) in differentiating @entity295 with or without @entity2259 , (b) evaluate the correlation of PCT levels to severity of @entity295 , (c) establish the prognostic value in predicting the outcome of @entity295 and (d) evaluate the correlation among different assays. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A prospective study was carried out from August through November 2007. Blood for PCT levels and culture were drawn simultaneously. RESULTS: Fifty-six @entity1 with clinical suspicious of @entity295 were enrolled in the study; @entity2259 (n = 30) and non- @entity2259 (n = 26). There were good correlations between the PCT levels measured by three assays (p < 0.001). At the threshold of 0.5 ng/mL, PCT had > 90% sensitivity for diagnosis of @entity2259 . Of the bacteremic group, median PCT levels measured by Kryptor and VIDAS assays were 12.4 and 16.6 ng/mL respectively. In the non-bacteremic group, median PCT levels measured by Kryptor and VIDAS were 4.2 and 4.9 ng/mL respectively. PCT levels were significantly higher in the bacteremic group (p = 0.04). The optimum thresholds to discriminate between these two groups were found to be 5, 6.5 and 2 ng/mL for Kryptor, VIDAS and PCT-Q, respectively. In addition, correlations of PCT and increasing values of the APACHE II score were observed. PCT levels in the severe @entity295 and MOD group were also found to be significantly higher CONCLUSION: PCT was highly sensitive in detecting @entity2259 , although not very accurate in differentiating bacteremic from non-bacteremic SIRS in adult @entity1 .

title: Serum procalcitonin in diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['bacteremia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of age on treatment outcome in @entity1 with @entity0 treated with chemotherapy. DESIGN: Case-comparison study of @entity1 with metastic @entity0 treated in five clinical trials of the Piedmont Oncology Association. SETTING: University and private practice physicians participating in the Piedmont Oncology Association clinical trials in the southeastern United States. @entity1 : Seventy @entity1 70 years of age or older were compared with 60 @entity1 aged 50 through 69 years and 40 @entity1 less than 50 years of age. All @entity1 were ambulatory or capable of self-care, with adequate hematologic, @entity177 . INTERVENTIONS: Treatment with multidrug chemotherapy regimens. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Response to treatment, time to disease progression, survival, and toxic effects. RESULTS: Pretreatment characteristics including race, performance status, disease-free interval, prior therapy, sites of @entity3 , and number and dominant sites of metastases were similar for the three age groups. The response rates for the younger-than-50, 50-through-69, and 70-or-older age groups were 40%, 31%, and 29%, respectively (P = .53). There were no significant differences in time to disease progression or survival for @entity1 in the three age groups. Estimates for time to progression and survival were 9.1 and 17.9 months, 6.2 and 12.8 months, and 7.2 and 14.2 months, respectively. Toxic effects, dose delivery, and dose delays were also similar for all three age groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 70 years of age or older who were enrolled in these trials were similar to their younger counterparts in response rates, time to disease progression, survival, and toxic effects. @entity1 in this age group should not be excluded, based on age alone, from clinical trials involving chemotherapy for advanced @entity0 .

title: Chemotherapy of XXXX in the elderly. The Piedmont Oncology Association experience [see comment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal, and hepatic function']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'metastatic breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['metastatic breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Advanced @entity712 can be treated with @entity67 ( @entity67 ). While numerous risk factors for mortality and recurrent @entity712 have been identified, no plain predictor for identifying @entity67 @entity1 with left @entity16 beyond recovery is yet available. We tested echocardiographic wall motion score index (WMSI) as a predictor for mortality or poor functional result. METHODS: One hundred and one @entity1 electively operated between April 2002 and April 2007 were included for analysis. All @entity1 had advanced @entity712 (NYHA-class>or=III and LVEF<or=35%). Mean logistic EuroSCORE was 10+/-8. All @entity1 were evaluated at 1-year follow-up. Risk factors for poor outcome, defined as mortality or poor functional result (NYHA class>or=III) at 1-year follow-up were identified by univariable logistic regression analysis. Preoperatively, a 16-segment echocardiographic WMSI was calculated and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to identify cut-off values for WMSI in predicting poor outcome. RESULTS: Early mortality was 9.9%, late mortality 6.6%. NYHA class improved from 3.2+/-0.4 to 1.5+/-0.7. At 1-year follow-up, 10 @entity1 (12%) were in NYHA class III and the remaining @entity1 were in NYHA class I or II (75 @entity1 , 88%). WMSI was found to be the only statistically significant predictor for poor outcome (odds ratio 139, 95% confidence interval (CI) 17-1116, p<0.0001). The optimal cut-off value for WMSI in predicting mortality or poor functional result was 2.19 with a sensitivity and specificity of 82% (95% CI 81.5-82.5% and 81.4-82.6%). The area under the curve was 0.94 (95% CI 0.90-0.99). Positive and negative predictive values were 67% and 92% respectively (95% CI 66.4-67.6% and 91.4-92.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Sufficient residual remote myocardium is necessary to recover from a @entity67 procedure and to translate the surgically induced morphological changes into a functional improvement. Preoperative WMSI is a surrogate measure of residual remote myocardial function and is a promising tool for better @entity1 selection to improve results after @entity67 procedures for advanced @entity712 .

title: Wall motion score index predicts mortality and functional result after XXXX for advanced @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['SVR', 'surgical ventricular restoration']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular damage']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['surgical ventricular restoration']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recent studies have suggested that transrenal artery fixation of endovascular stent-grafts is safe and may be a desirable means of reducing the risk of @entity1070 , particularly those with short infrarenal necks. The close proximity of the superior mesenteric and celiac arteries to the renal arteries may commonly result in the placement of the stent struts across all the vessels of the visceral segment of the aorta. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and impact of transvisceral artery fixation during aortic stent-graft deployment for the treatment of @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ). METHODS: From January 1997 to June 1999, 192 @entity1 (165 @entity1 , 27 @entity1 ; mean age, 82 years) with @entity1028 were treated with an endovascular graft secured proximally to the aorta with a long (15 mm) uncovered stent segment (60 Parodi/Palmaz, 132 Talent-LPS). Preoperative and postoperative abdominal aortograms and intravenous contrast enhanced spiral computed tomography (CT) scans were performed. Follow-up CT scans were obtained at 3, 6, and 12 months and yearly thereafter as a means of determining stent position and visceral artery patency RESULTS: In 95 @entity1 (49%), the uncovered stent was at or above the level of the superior mesenteric artery. In 23 @entity1 (12%), the stent extended to the level of the @entity1593 . In a mean follow-up period of 25 months (range, 6-44 months), serum @entity1011 levels remained stable, no stenoses or occlusions occurred in the celiac, superior mesenteric, or renal arteries, and no evidence of @entity99 was present on contrast enhanced spiral CT scans. There were no @entity1070 . CONCLUSION: Transvisceral fixation of the uncovered proximal aortic stent occurs frequently during deployment of devices designed for transrenal fixation and is associated with no early morbidity. Long-term follow-up is necessary to ensure that there are no late sequelae.

title: Endovascular repair of XXXX : stent-graft fixation across the visceral arteries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac axis']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['type I endoleaks']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['renal, hepatic, splenic, or intestinal infarction']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAAs']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: Variable results are obtained from the treatment of normal pressure @entity1276 (NPH) by shunt insertion. There is a high correlation between NPH and the pathology of @entity195 ( @entity195 ) on brain biopsy. There is an overlap between @entity195 and @entity1294 ( @entity1294 ), suggesting that a correlation exists between NPH and other forms of @entity303 . This study seeks to (1) understand the physiological factors behind, and (2) define the ability of, the aqueduct @entity64 volume to exclude @entity303 co-morbidity. Twenty-four @entity1 from a @entity303 clinic were classified as having either early @entity195 or @entity1294 on the basis of clinical features, Hachinski score and neuropsychological testing. They were compared with 16 subjects with classical clinical findings of NPH and 12 aged-matched non-cognitively impaired subjects. MRI flow quantification was used to measure aqueduct @entity64 volume and arterial pulse volume. An arterio-cerebral compliance ratio was calculated from the two volumes in each @entity1 . The aqueduct @entity64 volume was elevated in all three forms of @entity303 , with no significant difference noted between the groups. The arterial pulse volume was elevated by 24% in @entity1294 and reduced by 35% in NPH, compared to normal (P = 0.05 and P = 0.002, respectively), and was normal in @entity195 . There was a spectrum of relative compliance with normal compliance in @entity1294 and reduced compliance in @entity195 and NPH. The aqueduct @entity64 volume depends on the arterial pulse volume and the relative compliance between the arterial tree and brain. The aqueduct @entity64 volume cannot exclude significant co-morbidity in NPH.

title: The pathophysiology of the aqueduct @entity64 volume in normal pressure XXXX : can co-morbidity with other forms of @entity303 be excluded?

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia', 'VaD']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: Regulation of blood flow in microcirculatory networks depends on spread of local vasodilatation to encompass upstream arteries; a process mediated by endothelial conduction of hyperpolarization. Given that endothelial coupling is reduced in @entity101 , we used hypertensive Cx40ko @entity19 , in which endothelial coupling is attenuated, to investigate the contribution of the renin- @entity7774 system and reduced endothelial cell coupling to conducted vasodilatation of cremaster arterioles in vivo. When the endothelium was disrupted by light dye treatment, conducted vasodilatation, following ionophoresis of @entity934 , was abolished beyond the site of endothelial damage. In the absence of @entity16898 , sparse immunohistochemical staining was found for @entity43173 in the endothelium, and endothelial, myoendothelial and smooth muscle gap junctions were identified by electron microscopy. Hyperpolarization decayed more rapidly in arterioles from @entity16898 ko than wild-type @entity19 . This was accompanied by a shift in the threshold potential defining the linear relationship between voltage and diameter, increased T-type @entity460 channel expression and increased contribution of T-type (3  mol l(-1) @entity50414 ), relative to L-type (1  mol l(-1) @entity594 ), channels to vascular tone. The change in electromechanical coupling was reversed by inhibition of the renin- @entity7774 system ( @entity1564 , 1.0 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for 2 weeks) or by acute treatment with the @entity224 scavenger tempol (1 mmol l(-1)). @entity1564 and @entity11933 treatments also significantly improved conducted vasodilatation. We conclude that conducted vasodilatation in Cx40ko @entity19 requires the endothelium, and attenuation results from both a reduction in endothelial coupling and an @entity7774 II-induced increase in oxidative stress. We suggest that during @entity65 , the ability of microvascular networks to maintain tissue integrity may be compromised due to oxidative stress-induced changes in electromechanical coupling.

title: Spreading vasodilatation in the XXXX microcirculation: attenuation by oxidative stress-induced change in electromechanical coupling.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['Candesartan', 'candesartan']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serum activity of paraoxonase ( @entity46783 ) decreases during @entity32 in many species. Little information is available on @entity11093 -based tests and the possible role of @entity46783 in @entity235 . OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to validate an automated @entity11093 -based assay to measure @entity46783 activity in canine serum, to determine its stability under different storage conditions, to determine a reference interval (RI) in healthy @entity235 , and to assess whether @entity46783 is of comparable diagnostic value as @entity25587 ( @entity25587 ) and a2-globulins. METHODS: Intra-assay and inter-assay imprecision, linearity under dilution (LUD), interference, and storage artifacts were evaluated. A @entity46783 RI was determined for healthy @entity235 , and @entity46783 activity, sensitivity, and specificity were compared with @entity25587 and a2-globulins. RESULTS: Intra- and inter-assay CVs were below 1.6% and 7.8%, respectively. The LUD test fitted the linear model. @entity46783 activity measurements were increased after addition of hemolysates and lipids, and after storage for 12 hours at room temperature, 72 hours at 4  C, and 6 months at -20  C. @entity46783 activity and @entity25587 or a2-globulins did not correlate well. @entity46783 activity decreased significantly only in @entity235 with very high @entity25587 concentrations. In contrast to @entity25587 and a2-globulins, @entity46783 activity was not significantly different between @entity235 with and without @entity32 . CONCLUSIONS: The automated @entity11093 -based method to assess serum canine @entity46783 activity was accurate and precise, but it was influenced by @entity2142 , @entity407 , and standard storage conditions. In this study, contrarily to @entity25587 and a2-globulins, @entity46783 activity did not provide diagnostic value as a negative acute phase protein in @entity235 .

title: Serum paraoxonase 1 activity in @entity235 : preanalytical and analytical factors and correlation with XXXX and alpha-2-globulin.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity25587 :: (488629(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']


abstract: A study has been carried out on the 5-yr survival curves of 287 @entity1 admitted with @entity360 and portal @entity101 . In 78.7%, the cause of @entity548 was from esophageal varices. Only 2.4% had noncirrhotic portal @entity101 , and 80% were alcoholics. At 5 yr, the overall survival probability was 26.2%. The curve had three segments with survival rates of 69% at 2 wk and 46.6% at 12 months. According to @entity1 's grade, the curves were very different at 2 wk, 12 months, and 60 months: Group A, 94.0, 78.0, and 51.8%; group B, 77.0, 46.0, and 32.2; group C, 52.0, 11.0, and 2.3%. The largest differences were observed in the first 2 wk immediately after the first @entity548 . The recurrence of @entity548 in a period of 6 months significantly decreased the survival. Age, as well as the introduction of prophylactic measures ( @entity1169 or sclerotherapy), did not influence long-term survival. @entity167 abstinence was accompanied by better survival. This difference was due to the impact of abstinence only in group B @entity1 .

title: Long-term prognosis of @entity1 with cirrhosis of the liver and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 in complete remission are the ones most likely to have an improved outcome with subsequent high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (HDC-PBSCT). Peripheral blood stem cells are usually procured following mobilization with single agent chemotherapy and colony-stimulating factor support. We utilized a dose-intense regimen of @entity1311 200 mg/m2 i.v., @entity2879 60 mg/kg i.v., and @entity786 3 g/m2 i.v. ( @entity16096 ) followed by daily administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. The aim was not only to mobilize stem cells but also to achieve @entity5 cytoreduction prior to HDC/PBSCT. One hundred consecutive @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 received 257 cycles of @entity16096 between March 1994 and June 1997, with the aim of collecting 5 x 106 CD34-positive cells/kg usually following the second cycle of chemotherapy. @entity1 characteristics included a median age of 45 years, a median of two organ systems involved by disease, a median of two prior chemotherapy regimens and eight prior chemotherapy cycles, and a median interval of 8 months from diagnosis of @entity3 to first cycle of @entity16096 . There were 61 febrile episodes during @entity1398 and 13 of these were associated with @entity2259 or @entity12045 . Mortality rate was 1%. An adequate number of stem cells was collected in 90% of @entity1 . The overall response rate of the @entity5 was 58.8% with 23.7% complete responders among 97 evaluable @entity1 . Multivariate analysis demonstrated chemosensitivity to the most recent standard chemotherapy regimen administered for metastatic disease, an ECOG performance score of 0 as opposed to 1, 2 or 3, and involvement by disease of only one organ system as significant variables for achieving a complete remission with @entity16096 . This novel dose-intense regimen was safe and well tolerated, highly active against metastatic @entity0 , and capable of excellent stem cell mobilization. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2000) 25, 123-130.

title: Dose-intense @entity1311 , XXXX and @entity786 : a safe and active regimen for @entity5 cytoreduction and stem cell mobilization in metastatic @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['optimal tumor', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study examines the efficacy of @entity1338 in smoking cessation and the influence of gender, history of @entity308 , and measures of @entity1239 @entity734 . METHODS: The study was designed as a 10-week double-blind randomized comparison stratified for gender and @entity308 . Three hundred subjects who smoked cigarettes heavily were enrolled in the study. Abstinence from smoking was evaluated by self-report and verified by serum @entity4874 levels. RESULTS: Gender, @entity308 recurrent type, and measures of @entity1239 addiction were risk factors for treatment failure. There was no @entity1338 effect in @entity1 , but there was a modest effect in @entity1 (odds ratio, 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.00 to 4.10) that was most pronounced (odds ratio, 8.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.67 to 43.62) among @entity1 with the highest risks. CONCLUSION: Measures of addiction and @entity308 predict treatment failure. Together they are stronger predictors of outcome than drug. @entity1338 is a limited aid in cessation, and drug effects come primarily from @entity1 at high risk for treatment failure. An increased risk for @entity146 complications after smoking cessation was apparent among smokers with histories of @entity308 , particularly @entity162 .

title: Smoking cessation, XXXX , and vulnerability to @entity1239 among dependent smokers.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disease']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['Clonidine', 'clonidine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity1338 :: (MESH:D003000,Chemical) :: ['clonidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis is one of the mechanisms most critical to the postoperative recurrence and @entity3 of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). Thus, finding the molecular markers associated with angiogenesis may help identify @entity1 at increased risk for recurrence and @entity3 of @entity157 . This study was designed to investigate whether CD105 or @entity2280 could serve as a valid prognostic marker in @entity1 with @entity157 by determining if there is a correlation between CD105 or @entity2280 expression and postoperative recurrence or @entity3 . METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining for the CD105, @entity2280 and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) antibodies was performed in 113 @entity157 tissue specimens containing paracarcinomatous tissue and in 14 normal liver tissue specimens. The quantitation of microvessels identified by anti-CD105 and anti- @entity2280 monoclonal antibodies and the semiquantitation of @entity7 expression identified by anti- @entity7 monoclonal antibody were analyzed in conjunction with the clinicopathological characteristics of the @entity157 and any available follow-up information about the @entity1 from whom the specimens were obtained. RESULTS: CD105 was not expressed in the vascular endothelial cells of any normal liver tissue or paracarcinomatous liver tissue but was expressed in the vascular endothelial cells of all @entity157 tissue. In contrast, @entity2280 was expressed in the vascular endothelial cells of normal liver tissue, paracarcinomatous tissue, and @entity157 tissue in the following proportions of specimens: 86.7%, 93.8%, and 100%, respectively. The microvascular densities (MVDs) of @entity157 determined by using an anti-CD105 mAb (CD105-MVD) and an anti- @entity2280 mAb ( @entity2280 -MVD), were 71.7 +/- 8.3 (SD) and 106.3 +/- 10.4 (SD), respectively. There was a significant correlation between CD105-MVD and @entity2280 -MVD (r = 0.248, P = 0.021). Although @entity2280 -MVD was significantly correlated with @entity7 expression (r = 0.243, P = 0.024), CD105-MVD was more closely correlated (r = 0.300, P= 0.005). The correlation between microscopic venous invasion and CD105-MVD, but not @entity2280 -MVD, was also statistically significant (r = 0.254, P = 0.018). Univariate analysis showed that CD105-MVD was significantly correlated with the 2-year overall survival rate (P = 0.014); @entity2280 -MVD was not (P = 0.601). Multivariate analysis confirmed that CD105-MVD was an independent prognostic factor and that @entity2280 -MVD was not. CONCLUSION: The anti-CD105 mAb is an ideal instrument to quantify new microvessels in @entity157 as compared with anti- @entity2280 mAb. CD105-MVD as compared with @entity2280 -MVD is relevant a significant and independent prognostic indicator for recurrence and @entity3 in @entity157 @entity1 .

title: Correlation between CD105 expression and postoperative recurrence and XXXX of @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to find a new therapeutic modality that may have the same efficacy and lower @entity137 than bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) for the treatment of superficial transitional cell @entity150 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1993 and July 1997 a prospective randomized trial was conducted on 139 @entity1 with stages pTa and pT1 @entity150 to compare the prophylactic efficacy and @entity137 of sequential BCG and @entity1259 (group 1) versus BCG alone (group 2). Group 1 comprised 69 @entity1 who received alternating doses of 150 mg. BCG and 50 mg. @entity1259 (1 drug at a time), while 70 @entity1 in group 2 received 150 mg. BCG at each instillation. Treatment was continued for 6 weeks followed by 10 monthly instillations. RESULTS: Therapy was discontinued permanently in 3 group 1 and 12 group 2 @entity1 due to severe side effects, and they were excluded from the study. Among the 124 evaluable @entity1 (96 @entity1 and 28 @entity1 , mean age 58.2 years) mean followup was 30.4 months (range 12 to 50). Recurrence and progression rates were statistically comparable in both groups. Interval to first recurrence with or without progression was longer in group 1 than in group 2 (log rank p = 0.05). @entity137 and complications were significantly lower with sequential treatment than with BCG alone at rates of 27.3% (18 @entity1 ) and 70.7% (41), respectively (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Sequential BCG and @entity1259 are comparable to BCG alone in efficacy and superior in terms of @entity137 .

title: Sequential bacillus Calmette-Guerin and XXXX versus bacillus Calmette-Guerin alone for superficial @entity150 : a randomized prospective study.

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder transitional cell carcinoma', 'carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['epirubicin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7824 is a rare @entity2504 with prominent neuronal differentiation. Although reported cases of this disease are increasing, the clinical benefit of radiation therapy remains unclear. METHODS: From 1979 to 1990, two @entity1 with @entity7824 and five with well-differentiated @entity521 received radiation therapy. Five were @entity1 and two were @entity1 ; the age at onset ranged from 20 to 37 years (mean age, 25.6 years). The follow-up period ranged from 14 to 134 months (median, 68 months). The initial histologic diagnosis was @entity3271 in five, @entity424 in one, and suspected @entity7824 in one. Electron microscopic examination showed numerous neuronal processes containing microtubules and membrane-bound neurosecretory granules. Well-formed synaptic junctions were observed in the two cases of @entity7824 . All @entity1 underwent @entity5 resection before radiation therapy (partial resection in three and subtotal resection in four). Three @entity1 received radiation therapy locally, up to 50-60 Gy. Four cases were treated with a combination of whole brain irradiation (32-40 Gy) and local irradiation (20-32 Gy). RESULTS: Treatment results were quite favorable, and all @entity1 are alive and well without evidence of recurrence. Computed tomography studies showed that bulky @entity41 disappeared from several months to 1 year after the completion of radiation therapy. In a @entity1 who had surgery again, significant @entity13312 was observed by light microscopic examination. CONCLUSIONS: A high level of radiosensitivity was confirmed, but additional data are required to clarify the clinical benefit of radiation therapy.

title: Radiation therapy of well-differentiated @entity521 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2504 :: ('MESH:D002551', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['partial or subtotal tumor']

entities_list: @entity13312 :: ('MESH:C536522', 'Disease') :: ['vacuolar degeneration']

entities_list: @entity7824 :: ('MESH:D018306', 'Disease') :: ['central neurocytoma', 'Central neurocytoma']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastomas']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity7824 :: (MESH:D018306,Disease) :: ['central neurocytoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Lymph node yield is recommended as a benchmark of quality care in @entity14 . The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of various factors upon lymph node yield and to identify independent factors associated with lymph node harvest. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of 162 @entity1 with Stage I to Stage III @entity14 seen in one institution were reviewed. These @entity1 underwent radical surgery as definitive therapy; high-risk @entity1 then received adjuvant treatment. Pathologic and demographic data were recorded and analyzed. The subgroup analysis of lymph node yields was determined using a t-test and analysis of variants. Linear regression model and multivariable analysis were used to perform potential confounding and predicting variables. RESULTS: Five variables had significant association with lymph node yield after adjustment for other factors in a multiple linear regression model. These variables were: @entity5 size, surgical method, specimen length, and individual surgeon and pathologist. The model with these five significant variables interpreted 44.4% of the variation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 , @entity5 characteristics and surgical variables all influence the number of lymph nodes retrieved. Physicians are the main gatekeepers. Adequate training and optimized guidelines could greatly improve the quality of lymph node yields.

title: Clinical and pathologic factors affecting lymph node yields in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: An open-label, randomized phase III trial has been established to compare the efficacy and safety profile of tegafur and @entity5537 (UFT) plus @entity4181 with @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) plus @entity4181 as first-line chemotherapy for @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 . The primary end point of this study is time to progression. Secondary end points include @entity5 response, symptom control, quality of life, and pharmacoeconomics. @entity1 randomized to the experimental arm will receive UFT 300 mg/m2/day for 28 days followed by 1 week of rest, plus @entity4181 30 mg three times daily for 28 days. @entity1 in the control arm will receive @entity1487 425 mg/m2/day plus @entity4181 20 mg/m2/day for 5 days every 35 days. All @entity1 eligible to participate in the study have evaluable or measurable disease. Assessments of @entity5 size and symptoms will be conducted every 5 weeks (every cycle), with scanning investigations repeated every 10 weeks (two cycles). Symptom evaluation includes assessment of @entity158 , analgesic use, weight loss, and performance status. The intention was to recruit 362 @entity1 by April 1996, with accrual planned for completion by July 1997. As of May 1997, 312 @entity1 had been randomized in 15 countries, covering 45 active sites. All @entity1 had good performance status, and the majority had no prior adjuvant chemotherapy. The study is currently ongoing, and no safety data are available at this time.

title: UFT plus XXXX vs @entity1487 plus @entity4181 for metastatic @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-FU', 'fluorouracil']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['leucovorin']


abstract: There is a general consensus that total or near-total thyroidectomy is the optimal treatment for @entity1 with high risk differentiated @entity259 ( @entity9856 ), but the optimal extent of thyroidectomy in @entity1 with low risk @entity9856 continues to be controversial. To determine the optimal extent of thyroidectomy in @entity1 with low risk @entity9856 , we used decision analysis to compare the trade-offs of total thyroidectomy (TT) to @entity1374 ( @entity1374 ). The decision analysis model included the probabilities of thyroidectomy complications, risk of @entity9856 recurrence, and death from @entity9856 . This information was obtained from the literature and from outcome data for @entity1 with low risk @entity9856 from our institution. In addition, the concept of utilities was used in the analysis. To determine the utility of each health outcome state (thyroidectomy complication, @entity9856 recurrence, and @entity9856 mortality for low risk @entity1 ) a survey was conducted. Overall, prospective @entity1 viewed @entity9856 recurrence as less desirable than thyroidectomy complication. The utilities assigned by the survey @entity1 varied over a wide range, with 61.5% of the individuals viewing the occurrence of a thyroidectomy complication as better than @entity9856 recurrence. At baseline utilities and probabilities, TT had a higher expected utility than @entity1374 . One-way sensitivity analysis varying the rates of (1) thyroidectomy complication, (2) @entity9856 recurrence, and (3) @entity9856 mortality over the possible range showed that complication from initial thyroidectomy was the most important factor that determined the preferred extent of thyroidectomy. @entity1374 was the preferred surgical approach only if a complication rate of > 33:1, TT/ @entity1374 complication rate ratio, was assumed. When no differences in @entity9856 recurrence between the two approaches was assumed in the model, @entity1374 had a higher expected utility using the baseline utilities of thyroidectomy complication and @entity9856 mortality. The analysis indicates that TT in @entity1 with low risk @entity9856 is preferable to @entity1374 . However, @entity1374 is preferred if (1) no difference in the @entity9856 recurrence rate between the two approaches is assumed, (2) a higher complication rate for TT is used (> 33 times higher), or (3) the utility ratio of thyroidectomy complication to @entity9856 recurrence is < 0.8 @entity1374 . We believe this decision analysis model provides an objective approach that others can use to select the optimal extent of thyroidectomy based on @entity1 preference of health outcome states, institution-specific outcome data for @entity9856 recurrence or mortality, and the surgeon-specific complication rate.

title: Total thyroidectomy or @entity1374 in XXXX with low-risk differentiated @entity259 : surgical decision analysis of a controversy using a mathematical model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid lobectomy', 'TL']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Non-hypertensive @entity1 with a positive family history of @entity101 in two generations (N = 16) were compared with weight-matched (N = 13) and lean (N = 12) control groups with a negative family history of @entity101 with respect to the activity of the @entity916 -angiotensin- @entity1369 system at baseline and during an oral @entity413 tolerance test. Blood pressure was measured phonographically after 30 min of semirecumbent rest and the oral @entity413 tolerance test was performed after a 10-h overnight fast with 100 g of @entity413 given orally. Blood samples were drawn from a peripheral catheter at baseline, 30 and 120 min after the @entity413 challenge. @entity551 did not differ between subjects with a positive or a negative family history of @entity101 . At baseline, blood @entity413 and plasma insulin were similar in the three groups while the group with a positive family history of @entity101 had a significantly lower plasma @entity916 activity (PRA) (0.85 +/- 0.09 compared with the weight-matched but not with the lean control group (1.36 +/- 0.13 and 1.06 +/- 0.15 ng AI.ml-1.h-1; p < 0.01 and NS, respectively). The PRA increased significantly after the @entity413 challenge in all groups (p < 0.01), while the plasma @entity1369 concentration decreased after 30 min and then showed an increase at 120 min. The PRA response was less pronounced in the group with a positive family history of @entity101 compared with the weight-matched and lean control groups (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Serum @entity972 did not change significantly in either group after the @entity413 challenge. Urinary @entity1372 excretion was similar in the three groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Abnormalities in the XXXX -angiotensin- @entity1369 system in normotensive subjects with a positive family history of @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Systolic and diastolic blood pressures']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity916 :: (5972,Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the duration of hospitalization of @entity1 treated with either oral or intravenous @entity288 for an acute @entity565 exacerbation. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on a random sample of inpatients. @entity1 were included with the following: a discharge diagnosis of an acute @entity565 exacerbation, a past medical history significant for @entity565 , age between 16 and 60 years, and treatment with either oral or intravenous @entity288 at the time of admission. Exclusion criteria included: @entity1 receiving chronic @entity229 therapy, a past medical history significant for @entity1030 , an admission to the intensive care unit, or a consistent smoking habit of at least 1 pack daily. Length of hospitalization was the primary outcome measured. Secondary outcomes included 24-hour peak expiratory flow rate, 24-hour pulse oximetry @entity4095 , and amount of beta-agonist and @entity13265 used. RESULTS: Fifty-three @entity1 were included in the final data analysis. @entity1 were grouped by route of @entity228 administration (intravenous or oral). No significant differences were noted between the 2 groups for race, gender, age, height, weight, admission peak expiratory flow rate, admission pO(2), or types of @entity565 medications used prior to admission. No significant differences were demonstrated in any of the outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS: Both the intravenous and oral @entity228 groups demonstrated similar clinical outcomes and lengths of hospitalization in the treatment of @entity697 . These results support the initial use of oral @entity288 for the treatment of @entity697 in adult @entity1 admitted to a general medical service.

title: Intravenous versus oral @entity288 for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute asthma exacerbations']

entities_list: @entity13265 :: ('MESH:D009241', 'Chemical') :: ['ipratropium']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute asthma exacerbations']


abstract: We report a @entity1 in whom a 15 cm. @entity703 was excised at the age of 49. The pathological examination showed a @entity1358 . Five years later, he presented with @entity10 , @entity391 and unilateral @entity1736 . Imaging studies showed a @entity5 with @entity2894 . The @entity5 was excised and the pathological study disclosed a @entity5 , positive for @entity2277 , cytokeratins @entity1325 and @entity1326 and immunohistochemically negative for LH, TSH, ACTH and GH. Considering the similar histopathological features, it was considered as a metastasis of the @entity703 . The @entity1 was supplemented with thyroid, adrenal and gonadal hormones. Seven years later, he presented a new @entity5 in the remaining kidney, that corresponded to a cystic @entity1358 . Afterwards, he presented a transitional @entity150 . Mortality associated to @entity1358 is 90% at 5 years, and pituitary @entity3 are extraordinarily uncommon.

title: [Apoplexy in pituitary metastasis of XXXX . Clinical case followed for 7 years].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'sellar tumor', 'clear cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2894 :: ('MESH:D010899', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary apoplexy']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['papillary renal cell carcinoma', 'clear cell carcinoma', 'renal cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['palpebral ptosis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that once-daily treatment with @entity5023 is as effective as twice-daily treatment in @entity1 with well controlled @entity565 . DESIGN: Multicentre, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group study. SETTING: General practice, 86 UK centres. @entity1 : 328 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity565 and a mean age of 10 years (range 4-16 years), mean duration of @entity565 of 5.5 years, and a mean percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second prior to randomisation of 93% were randomised. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 entered a 4-week, open run-in period, receiving @entity5023 50mug twice daily via a Diskustrade mark inhalation device. @entity1 whose @entity565 was well controlled according to predefined criteria were randomised to receive either @entity5023 100mug at night and placebo in the morning (once daily [od] group; n = 151) or @entity5023 50mug twice daily (bd) [bd group; n = 177] for 8 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean morning peak expiratory flow over the 8 weeks of treatment, recorded daily, adjusted for baseline, age, height and sex. RESULTS: The 90% CI for the treatment difference in morning peak flow (bd-od) in the intention-to-treat population was -1.9 to 5.3 L/min, demonstrating clinical equivalence between bd and od administration. Fifteen @entity1 withdrew from the study due to @entity565 -related problems, ten @entity1 from the od group and five from the bd groups (p = 0.10). Both groups remained well controlled in terms of lung function, symptoms and use of relief medication throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS: Once-daily treatment with @entity5023 100mug at night is as effective as 50mug twice daily in @entity1 with well controlled mild-to-moderate @entity565 .

title: Once-Daily XXXX is as Effective as Twice-Daily Treatment in Stable, Mild-to-Moderate Childhood Asthma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate']

answer: @entity5023 :: (MESH:C065382,Chemical) :: ['Fluticasone Propionate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Numerous studies have documented rates of @entity1118 in developed western nations; however, little is known about its prevalence or correlates in rapidly developing countries, where much of the world's population lives. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of @entity1118 among adults in Chongqing, China and the correlates of chronicity among respondents with @entity158 and degree of impairment within the subgroup reporting @entity1118 . DESIGN: A structured telephone interview was used within a cross-sectional design. @entity1118 was defined as the @entity158 that had persisted for >= 3 months. @entity1 : Adults from a random sample of 1003 Chongqing households completed a structured telephone interview on @entity158 experiences of themselves and other family members over the past 6 months. RESULTS: Overall, 42.2% of interviewees reported @entity158 for at least 1 day during the past 6 months and 25.8% experienced @entity158 lasting for at least 3 months. The most common complaints were @entity615 (17.6%), @entity10 (14.2%), joint @entity158 , (10.5%), and @entity490 (10.4%). Among those who reported @entity158 , correlates of a chronic duration included older age, presence of @entity615 , @entity73 , use of Chinese medicine, and greater numer of interventions used for @entity158 management. For interviewees whose @entity158 was chronic, increased functional impairment was related to older age, presence of @entity158 every day, and increased likelihood of consulting physicians and using Chinese medicine to manage @entity158 . CONCLUSIONS: Rates of @entity1118 in Chongqing appear to approximate to those reported in western countries. A significant minority of those affected report substantial or severe impairment and are more likely than less impaired cohorts to have sought medical interventions to manage @entity158 .

title: Prevalence and correlates of XXXX in a random population study of adults in Chongqing, China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['heightened impairment']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: @entity22497 with @entity51 ( @entity47942 ) was first described in a single family (OMIM#239300) by Mabry et al. [1970]. Although considered rare at the time, more than 20 individuals with the triad of @entity717 , @entity410 , and @entity22497 have been identified world-wide. The 1-6 mannosyltransferase 2, @entity4357 glycan V ( @entity47943 ) gene has been found to be disrupted in some @entity1 with the additional feature of @entity28948 . In the present report we identify three @entity1 compound homozygous for @entity47943 mutations. Two siblings were found to be compound heterozygotes for @entity47944 and @entity47945 in exon 3 of @entity47943 (the @entity47945 @entity47943 variant is novel). A third @entity1 with similar phenotype, was a compound heterozygote for the known @entity47946 / @entity47947 ( @entity47948 / @entity47949 ) mutation. This @entity1 was also noted to have lysosomal storage in cultured fibroblasts. In contrast, the fourth @entity1 who had no apparent hand abnormality, was found to be heterozygous for a previously unclassified @entity47950 mutation in exon 4 of the @entity47943 gene, resulting in a @entity47951 substitution in the catalytic domain of the enzyme. Unless this variant has a dominant negative effect, however, it seems likely that another GPI biosynthesis gene variant may contribute to the disorder, possibly through digenic inheritance. Since slightly fewer than half of the nine cases presented in this report and our previous report [Thompson et al., 2010] have @entity47943 mutations, we suggest that other genes critical to GPI anchor biosynthesis are likely to be disrupted in some @entity1 .

title: Phenotypic variability in @entity22497 with @entity410 and @entity51 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity47948 :: ('p|SUB|A|341|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Ala341Glu']

entities_list: @entity47951 :: ('p|SUB|L|457|F', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Leu457Phe']

entities_list: @entity47949 :: ('p|SUB|A|341|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Ala341Val']

entities_list: @entity47942 :: ('OMIM:239300', 'Disease') :: ['Mabry syndrome']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity22497 :: ('MESH:C537701', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphosphatasia', 'Hyperphosphatasia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disability']

entities_list: @entity28948 :: ('MESH:C535432', 'Disease') :: ['brachytelephalangy']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity47942 :: (OMIM:239300,Disease) :: ['Mabry syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Organ transplantation is associated with an increased risk of @entity5 , which seems to be caused by the total effect of immunosuppression, i.e., the combination of factors involved, rather than by the use of a specific class of immunosuppressants. The presence and proliferation of viral oncogenes is frequently observed during this immunosuppressive state. The @entity5 in immunosuppressed @entity1 therefore has particular histological, clinical, evolutive, and therapeutical characteristics. CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND KEY POINTS: The oncogenic mechanisms in immunosuppressed @entity1 have been progressively clarified. A @entity1800 is associated with each type of @entity5 : thus, @entity1892 are generally associated with @entity2025 . @entity1489 frequently appear after @entity1800 due to papillomavirus. The significant increase in the incidence of @entity2826 shows the role of the immune system in the control of the infection by the @entity1 herpes virus 8, which has been recently discovered. @entity96 is associated with a history of @entity19925 . FUTURE PROSPECTS AND PROJECTS: @entity8 constitutes a major problem in @entity1 follow-up, as the number of transplant @entity1 has increased and their survival rate has improved. In addition, there is an increasingly powerful new generation of immunosuppressive drugs. A precise knowledge of the immune system's control mechanisms regarding neoplasic cells and @entity1800 is an important step in the prevention and efficient treatment of these forms of @entity5 . Further research into the relationship between the immune system and viral oncogenesis should therefore be considered a major aim.

title: [ XXXX and organ transplantation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ['Kaposi sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Post-transplantation neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['Skin and uterine cervical carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral dysplasia', 'viral infection']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity19925 :: ('MESH:D019698', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B or C chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity2025 :: ('MESH:D020031', 'Disease') :: ['Epstein-Barr viral infection']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Neoplastic disorders']


abstract: Fifty-two Targhee twin-bearing ewes were used in a factorial arrangement of treatments to investigate the role of supplemental @entity270 (vit E); 0 (NE) vs 400 IU of vit E x ewe x (-1)d(-1) (E) and @entity15609 type 3 (PI3) vaccination; none (NP) vs PI3 vaccination (P) in immune function. @entity15609 type 3 vaccination was used to evoke an immune response. Ewes receiving PI3 were vaccinated at 49 and 21 d before the expected lambing date. Ewes receiving vit E were orally dosed daily, 32 to 0 d before lambing. Blood was collected from ewes at the time of the initial PI3 vaccination and 4 h postpartum. Blood was collected from @entity742 (n = 104) at 3 d postpartum. Ewe and lamb sera were analyzed for anti-PI3 antibody titers, immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers, and vit E concentrations. Colostrum was collected 4 h postpartum and analyzed for IgG. The model for ewe and lamb analysis included the main effects of vit E and PI3, sex ( @entity742 model only), and their interactions. No interactions were detected (P > 0.20) for any ewe or lamb variables. Serum anti-PI3 titers were greater (P < 0.01) in P ewes and their @entity742 than NP ewes and their lambs. Serum vit E concentrations were greater (P < 0.01) in E ewes and their @entity742 than NE ewes and their lambs. Colostral IgG titers and serum anti-PI3 titers did not differ (P > 0.20) between E and NE ewes. Serum IgG titers in E ewes and their @entity742 did not differ (P > 0.15) from IgG titers in NE ewes and their lambs. Lamb anti-PI3 titers did not differ (P = 0.76) between @entity742 reared by E and NE ewes. These results indicate that, although supplemental vit E to the ewe increased lamb serum vit E concentration, it had no effect on measures used in this study to assess humoral immunity in the ewe or passive immunity to the lamb.

title: Evaluation of ewe and lamb immune response when ewes were supplemented with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity15609 :: ('MESH:D018184', 'Disease') :: ['parainfluenza', 'Parainfluenza']

answer: @entity270 :: (MESH:D014810,Chemical) :: ['vitamin E']


abstract: AIM: To compare serum @entity8665 and @entity7695 (L/Z) concentrations between @entity1 with nonproliferative @entity6 (NDR) and normal subjects, and to explore the effect of L/Z supplementation on serum L/Z level and visual function in NDR @entity1 METHODS: SUBJECTS WERE DIVIDED INTO THREE GROUPS: 30 NDR @entity1 supplied with @entity8665 6mg/d and @entity7695 0.5mg/d for three months ( @entity2341 Group), 30 NDR @entity1 without L/Z supplementation ( @entity2341 Control Group) and 30 normal subjects (Control Group). Serum L/Z concentrations were measured by liquid high-resolution chromatography (HPLC). Visual acuity was recorded at baseline, 1 month, 2 months and 3 months post initial supplementation. Serum L/Z concentration were measured at baseline, 1 month and 2 months post initial supplementation. Contrast sensitivity (CS) and fovea thickness were recorded at baseline and 3 months post initial supplementation. RESULTS: Mean serum @entity8665 concentrations in @entity2341 group were 0.0686  0.0296  g/mL and @entity7695 concentration was 0.0137  0.0059  g/mL. The L/Z level of @entity2341 group was significantly lower compared to the control group ( @entity8665 : 0.2302  0.1308  g/mL, @entity7695 : 0.0456  0.0266  g/m, P=0.000). The concentration of @entity8665 and @entity7695 in the @entity2341 control group at base line was 0.0714  0.0357  g/mL and 0.0119  0.0072  g/mL, respectively. There was no significant change of L/Z concentration in the @entity2341 control group during the study. Serum L/Z concentrations of @entity2341 group increased significantly after supplementation (F=109.124, P=0.000; F=219.207, P=0.000). Visual acuity improved significantly after medication. Compared with pre-medication, the average CS values of 1.5cpd, 3cpd and 6cpd after three months increased significantly (P=0.030,0.013,0.008) and the foveal thickness decreased. (P=0.05) CONCLUSION: Serum L/Z concentrations in @entity2341 @entity1 are significantly lower than those in normal subjects, and L/Z intake can improve the visual acuity, CS and @entity1103 in @entity2341 @entity1 , suggesting that L/Z supplementation might be targeted as potential potential therapeutic agents in treating NDR.

title: Application of @entity8665 and XXXX in nonproliferative @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity7695 :: ('MESH:C005881', 'Chemical') :: ['zeaxanthin', 'Zeaxanthin']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

entities_list: @entity8665 :: ('MESH:D014975', 'Chemical') :: ['lutein', 'Lutein']

answer: @entity7695 :: (MESH:C005881,Chemical) :: ['Zeaxanthin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a raised incidence of @entity1778 in the Dounreay area occurred in @entity1 born to local mothers (birth cohort) or in those who moved to the area after birth (schools cohort) and also whether any cases of @entity5 have occurred in @entity1 born near Dounreay who may have moved elsewhere. DESIGN: Follow up study. SETTING: Dounreay area of Caithness, Scotland. SUBJECTS: 4144 @entity1 born in the area in the period 1969-88 and 1641 @entity1 who attended local schools in the same period but who had been born elsewhere. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cancer registration records linked to birth and school records with computerised probability matching methods. RESULTS: Five @entity5 registrations were traced from the birth cohort compared with 5.8 expected on the basis of national rates (observed to expected ratio 0.9, 95% confidence interval 0.3 to 2.0). All five cases were of @entity1778 (2.3, 0.7 to 5.4). In the schools cohort three cases were found (2.1, 0.4 to 6.2), all of which were of @entity1778 (6.7, 1.4 to 19.5). All eight @entity1 were resident in the Dounreay area at the time of diagnosis; thus no cases were found in @entity1 who were born in or had attended school in the study area but who subsequently moved away. CONCLUSION: The raised incidence of @entity1778 in both the birth and schools cohorts suggests that place of birth is not a more important factor than place of residence in the series of cases of @entity1778 observed near Dounreay area.

title: Incidence of XXXX and other @entity5 in birth and schools cohorts in the Dounreay area.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukaemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the high nephrectomy rate in @entity1 with @entity130 at Dicle University Medical School Research Hospital and to determine the factors that affect our nephrectomy decision. METHODS: During a 4-year period, 71 @entity1 were hospitalized for @entity8 at our hospital. @entity8 ( @entity8 ) were noted in 45 kidneys of 42 @entity1 (59.1%). Twenty-five @entity1 underwent nephrectomy (55.5%). Twenty kidneys were reconstructed (44.4%). The hospital records were reviewed retrospectively. In these two groups of @entity1 , the following clinical data were entered into a computer data base and compared: presence and type of @entity811 , type and degree of @entity8 , hemodynamic status, results of imaging studies, surgical technique, type of weapon, reason for nephrectomy, associated @entity130 , injury severity score, complications, and mortality. RESULTS: The @entity1 who underwent renal repair and those who underwent nephrectomy had a mean injury severity score of 33.6 +/- 7.5 and 42.0 +/- 9.9, respectively (P <0.001). The main grade of injury was 4.4 +/-0.8 in nephrectomy @entity1 and 2.8 +/- 0.9 in the @entity1 for whom renal salvage was possible (P <0.05). @entity1 who required nephrectomy, as a group, appeared to have a higher rate of high-velocity bullet injury (HVBI) (76%) (P <0.05) and higher numbers of associated @entity3511 (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: HVBI makes extensive tissue debridement imperative and reconstruction difficult. We believe that in @entity8 caused by a high-velocity bullet, nephrectomy is more likely to be required. @entity1344 was the major reason for our intraoperative nephrectomy decision. a subcategory of RGI.

title: Experience with XXXX in a rural setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal gunshot injuries', 'renal injuries', 'renal injury', 'RGIs']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['Hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['gunshot injury', 'organ injury']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal gunshot injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a randomized, double-blind clinical trial, we studied the effect of different i.v. induction drugs on tracheal intubation conditions and apnoea time after small-dose (0.6 mg kg(-1)) @entity2900 used to facilitate orotracheal intubation at an urban, university-affiliated community medical centre. METHODS: One hundred and seventy-five ASA I and II adult @entity1 scheduled to undergo surgical procedures requiring general anaesthesia and tracheal intubation were allocated to one of five groups according to i.v. anaesthetic induction drug used. General anaesthesia was induced by i.v. administration of @entity3303 30 mg and @entity1875 2.5 mg kg(-1) (Group 1), thiopental 5 mg kg(-1) (Group 2), @entity3303 30 mg and thiopental 5 mg kg(-1) (Group 3), @entity4671 0.3 mg kg(-1) (Group 4), or @entity3303 30 mg and @entity4671 0.3 mg kg(-1) (Group 5). After @entity909 , @entity2900 0.6 mg kg(-1) was given i.v. followed by direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation after 60 s. Measurements included intubation conditions recorded during laryngoscopy 60 s after @entity2900 administration, and apnoea time. RESULTS: Overall, clinically acceptable intubation conditions were met in 168 out of the 175 @entity1 studied (96%). They were met in 35/35 @entity1 in Group 1, 33/35 @entity1 in Group 2, 34/35 @entity1 in Group 3, 33/35 @entity1 in Group 4, and 33/35 @entity1 in Group 5. Mean (SD) apnoea time was 4.0 (0.4), 4.2 (0.3), 4.2 (0.6), 4.1 (0.2) and 4.1 (0.2) min respectively in Groups 1-5. There were no differences in the intubation conditions or apnoea times between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The use of @entity2900 0.6 mg kg(-1) produced the same favourable intubation conditions and a short apnoea time regardless of the induction drug used.

title: Tracheal intubating conditions and apnoea time after small-dose XXXX are not modified by the choice of induction agent.

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity4671 :: ('MESH:D005045', 'Chemical') :: ['etomidate']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['succinylcholine']

answer: @entity2900 :: (MESH:D013390,Chemical) :: ['succinylcholine']


abstract: Telomerase activity has a close relationship with @entity5 in many cell types and it is tightly regulated at the transcriptional level of @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity2215 ). Utilizing the @entity2215 promoter, the authors developed a gene delivery system of Fas associated protein with death domain ( @entity23903 ) ( @entity2215 / @entity23903 ). @entity23903 is a protein which plays an important role in the apoptotic pathway of Fas. Over-expression of @entity23903 induces apoptosis in the cells regardless of Fas expression on the cell surface. We hypothesized that we might be able to restrict the expression of @entity23903 in @entity11 cells if we use the gene transfer system under the control of @entity2215 promoter. This study was designed to investigate whether the @entity2215 / @entity23903 construct induces apoptosis effectively in @entity11 cells while keeping normal cells intact. First, using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique, we confirmed that @entity2215 mRNA was expressed in @entity1 @entity11 cells (U373-MG, A172 and GB-1), but not in cultured astrocytes (TEN) or fibroblasts (MRC5). After transient transfection with the @entity2215 / @entity23903 construct, a significant number of @entity23903 -positive cells and apoptotic cells were detected in @entity2215 -positive @entity11 cells. In contrast, @entity2215 -negative astrocytes and fibroblasts remained intact. Furthermore, subcutaneously @entity5 treated with the @entity2215 / @entity23903 construct reduced in volume significantly compared to the conrol treatment (p=0.0001). Gene transfer of @entity23903 under the control of the @entity2215 promoter may be a novel and promising therapy to kill @entity2215 -positive @entity11 cells while sparing normal brain cells lacking @entity2215 .

title: A novel treatment of @entity1 @entity11 in vitro and in vivo: @entity23903 gene transfer under the control of the XXXX telomerase reverse transcriptase gene promoter.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['implanted U373-MG tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aging is associated with changes in cardiac structure and function that are associated with @entity1002 . Whether diastolic functional alterations during senescence are manifestations of the intrinsic aging process or related to cardiac adaptations to a more sedentary lifestyle is still unsettled. This was a prospective study evaluating the effects of a 6-month combined exercise training period on functional capacity and diastolic function in sedentary elderly @entity1 with controlled arterial @entity101 . MATERIAL/METHODS: Functional capacity was assessed by exercise stress test and muscle strength was evaluated by the one-repetition maximum test. @entity299 and function were analyzed by transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 , 68  8 years old, completed the training program. Exercise training significantly improved physical capacity (distance walked: 551  92 vs. 630  153 m, P<0.05; work load: 7.2  1.7 vs. 8.5  3.0 METs, P<0.05) and upper and lower extremity muscle strength (P<0.001). Arterial blood pressure significantly decreased after training (systolic blood pressure: 134  9 vs. 128  8 mmHg; diastolic blood pressure: 82  7 vs. 77  6 mmHg; P<0.05). @entity299 and left and right systolic and diastolic function did not change after combined training (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Combined and supervised training for a 6-month period increases physical capacity and muscle strength in elderly @entity1 with controlled arterial @entity101 without changing resting left ventricular diastolic function.

title: Combined exercise training in asymptomatic elderly with controlled XXXX : effects on functional capacity and cardiac diastolic function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac structures']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity1201 remains a public health problem mainly in Asia, Africa and South America. The WHO Expert Committee on @entity1201 recommended, in 1997, the simplified treatment of @entity1201 for multibacillary (MB) cases, by reducing the duration of treatment from 24 to 12 months. From the operational point of view even this reduced duration is still long and monthly supervised drug administration may not always be practical in those areas where the accessibility is difficult and health infrastructure weak. The present study was carried out to compare the safety and efficacy of a new fixed duration regimen consisting of four bactericidal drugs with WHO/MDT (MB). METHODS: Thirty adult @entity1 were randomly allocated to two groups. Group 1 (18 @entity1 ) received a new regimen of daily @entity1215 600 mg, @entity18255 200 mg, @entity4581 500 mg and @entity1214 100 mg for 12 weeks. Group 2 (12 @entity1 ) received WHO/MDT (MB) for 12 months. A detailed clinical evaluation and laboratory investigations, BI and MI were done at the baseline, every 4 weeks for 12 weeks, and thereafter every 8 weeks till 48 weeks. Skin biopsies were taken and chest X-rays were done at 0, 12 and 48 weeks. RESULTS: At 48 weeks, the net percentage clinical improvement in group 1 was 73.92% and in group 2 it was 66.66%. The net percentage reduction (NPR) in BI in group 1 was 19.17% and in group 2 it was 18.87% (p = 0.09). NPR in MI in both groups was 100% by 8 weeks, and somewhat faster in group 1. In group 1, 8 @entity1 had mild @entity344 , and 16 had @entity1214 -induced @entity2117 . Three @entity1 in group 1 developed type I reversal reactions. CONCLUSION: The regimen containing daily doses of @entity1215 600 mg, @entity18255 200 mg, @entity1214 100 mg and @entity4581 500 mg for 12 weeks was found to be an acceptable, effective and safe alternative regimen for @entity1202 with an additional operational advantage of shorter duration of treatment.

title: Evaluation of a new fixed duration (12 weeks) multi-drug regimen of bactericidal drugs in multibacillary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity18255 :: ('MESH:C061363', 'Chemical') :: ['sparfloxacin']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal side-effect']

entities_list: @entity1202 :: ('MESH:D056006', 'Disease') :: ['MB leprosy']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity1201 :: ('MESH:D007918', 'Disease') :: ['Leprosy still', 'Leprosy', 'leprosy']

answer: @entity1201 :: (MESH:D007918,Disease) :: ['leprosy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To report surgical outcomes of 25-gauge transconjunctival vitrectomy combined with @entity231 surgery for the management of a variety of @entity989 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, interventional case study was conducted. Chart review of a consecutive series of 150 eyes of 144 @entity1 who underwent 25-gauge vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation for epiretinal membrane (n = 62), refractory macular @entity4 associated with @entity989 (n = 29), idiopathic macular hole (n = 21), non-clearing vitreous @entity548 (n = 18), @entity1713 (n = 11), tractional @entity1713 associated with proliferative @entity6 (n = 7), and subretinal @entity548 (n = 2). Main outcome measures included preand postoperative visual acuity, operating time, intraocular pressure, intra- and @entity260 . RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 9.7 months (range, 6 to 26). The mean overall visual acuity improved from 20/100 preoperatively to 20/38 at final visit (P <0.001). Statistically significant improvement of visual acuity was also observed in each subgroup. Operative time was shortened in macular surgery. No intraoperative complications were noted attributable to small-gauge instruments and no cases required conversion to 20-gauge standard instrumentation. However, 12 eyes (8%) required suture placement to at least one sclerotomy site. @entity2790 remained stable in most cases except 18 eyes (13%) with transient @entity8814 during the first week after surgery. One case of @entity1713 but no case of @entity3225 was observed throughout the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: 25-gauge vitrectomy combined with @entity231 surgery is a safe and effective system for the management of a variety of @entity989 , especially cases requiring minimal intraocular manipulation. Further study is recommended to evaluate potential @entity260 .

title: Surgical outcomes of 25-gauge transconjunctival vitrectomy combined with XXXX surgery for @entity989 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['rhegmatogenous retinal detachment', 'retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vascular disorders', 'vitreoretinal diseases']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: The degradation of the @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) @entity10517 and @entity12683 by the microbiota of intertidal sediments was investigated in laboratory studies. No mineralization of either @entity2556 was observed in the absence of @entity26 . Both rates and total amounts of @entity2556 mineralization were strongly controlled by @entity26 content and temperature of the incubations. Inorganic @entity1568 and @entity413 amendments had minimal effects on @entity2556 mineralization. The rates and total amounts of @entity2556 mineralized were directly related to compound concentration, pre-exposure time, and concentration. Maximum mineralization was observed at the higher concentrations (5 to 100 mug/g [ppm]) of both @entity2556 . Optimal acclimation to @entity10517 and @entity12683 (through pre-exposures to the compounds) occurred at the highest acclimation concentration (1,000 ppm). However, acclimation to a single concentration (100 ppm) resulted in initial relative mineralization rates over a range of re-exposure concentrations (1 to 1,000 ppm) being nearly identical. Maximum mineralization of both @entity2556 occurred after intermediate periods (1 to 2 weeks) of pre-exposure. The fraction of the total heterotrophic population capable of utilizing @entity10517 or @entity12683 as sole @entity505 source was also greatest after 2 weeks.

title: Degradation and mineralization of the @entity2555 @entity10517 and XXXX in intertidal marine sediments.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity10517 :: ('MESH:C034020', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracene']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity12683 :: ('MESH:C031721', 'Chemical') :: ['naphthalene']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity12683 :: (MESH:C031721,Chemical) :: ['naphthalene']


abstract: @entity842 (NO) is a short-life molecule produced by the enzyme known as the @entity842 synthase ( @entity3623 ), in a reaction that converts @entity369 and @entity26 into @entity7792 and NO. There are three isoforms of the enzyme: @entity2821 ( @entity2821 , also called @entity2821 ), inducible @entity3623 ( @entity3623 or @entity3623 ), and endothelial @entity3623 (eNOS or @entity3623 ). It is now known that each of these isoforms may be expressed in a variety of tissues and cell types. This paper is a review of the current knowledge of various functions of NO in diseases. We discuss in more detail its role in @entity5 , the role of NO in myocardial pathophysiology, in central nervous system (CNS) pathologies. Other diseases such as @entity32 , @entity565 , in @entity409 , @entity29 ( @entity29 ), @entity625 , are also discussed. This review also covers the role of NO in cardiovascular, central nervous, pancreas, lung, gut, kidney, @entity409 ( @entity409 ). The ubiquitous role that the simple gas @entity842 plays in the body, from maintaining vascular homeostasis and fighting @entity281 to acting as a neurotransmitter and its role in @entity5 , has spurred a lot of interest among researchers all over the world. @entity842 plays an important role in the physiologic modulation of coronary artery tone and myocardial function. @entity842 from @entity3623 appears to be a key mediator of such glial-induced @entity528 . The high sensitivity of neurons to NO is partly due to NO causing inhibition of respiration, rapid @entity2227 release from both astrocytes and neurons, and subsequent excitotoxic death of the neurons.

title: Recent advances on the roles of NO in XXXX and chronic @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity7792 :: ('CHEBI:16349', 'Chemical') :: ['citrulline']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['myoskeletal and chronic liver diseases', 'chronic liver diseases', 'CLD']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['IBD', 'inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: We present Hubble Space Telescope/Wide-Field and Planetary Camera 2 images in Halpha + [N ii] lambdalambda6548, 6583 lines and continuum radiation and a VLA map at 8 GHz of the @entity2507 gigamaser galaxy TXS 2226-184. This galaxy has the most luminous @entity2507 maser emission known to date. Our red continuum images reveal a highly elongated galaxy with a dust lane crossing the nucleus. The surface brightness profile is best fitted by a bulge plus exponential disk model, favoring classification as a highly inclined @entity4649 (i=70_j0;). The color map confirms that the dust lane is aligned with the galaxy major @entity2270 and is crossing the putative nucleus. The Halpha + [N ii] map exhibits a gaseous, jetlike structure perpendicular to the nuclear dust lane and the galaxy major @entity2270 . The radio map shows compact, steep spectrum emission that is elongated in the same direction as the Halpha + [N ii] emission. By analogy with Seyfert galaxies, we therefore suspect that this alignment reflects an interaction between the radio jet and the interstellar medium. The axes of the nuclear dust disk, the radio emission, and the optical line emission apparently define the @entity2270 of the active galactic nucleus. The observations suggest that in this galaxy the nuclear accretion disk, obscuring torus, and large-scale molecular gas layer are roughly coplanar. Our classification of the host galaxy strengthens the trend for megamasers to be found preferentially in highly inclined @entity4649 .

title: Hubble Space Telescope and Very Large Array Observations of the XXXX Gigamaser Galaxy TXS 2226-184.

entities_list: @entity4649 :: ('MESH:C563535', 'Disease') :: ['spiral galaxies', 'spiral galaxy']

answer: @entity2507 :: (CHEBI:33813,Chemical) :: ['H2O']


abstract: Airway levels of the endogenous bronchodilator @entity12557 ( @entity12558 ) are low in @entity1 with near-fatal @entity565 . We hypothesized that @entity12558 could be broken down in the lung and that this catabolism could inhibit airway smooth @entity121 . In our experiments, @entity12558 was broken down by @entity840 lung homogenates, particularly after ovalbumin sensitization (OS). Two lung protein fractions had catabolic activity. One was @entity1110 dependent and was more active after OS. The other was @entity1110 independent and was partially inhibited by @entity13394 . @entity840 lung tissue protein fractions with @entity12558 catabolic activity inhibited @entity12558 -mediated @entity840 tracheal ring relaxation. The relaxant effect of @entity12558 was partially restored by @entity13394 . These observations suggest that catabolism of @entity12558 in the @entity840 1) is mediated by lung proteins, 2) is partially upregulated after OS, and 3) may contribute to increased airway smooth muscle tone. We speculate that enzymatic breakdown of @entity12558 in the lung could contribute to @entity565 pathophysiology by inhibiting the beneficial effects of @entity12558 , including its effect on airway smooth muscle tone.

title: @entity12557 breakdown prevents airway smooth @entity121 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity12557 :: ('MESH:D026422', 'Chemical') :: ['S-nitrosoglutathione']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['Guinea pig', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity13394 :: ('MESH:D006051', 'Chemical') :: ['aurothioglucose']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle relaxation']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: There is considerable evidence that the dorsolateral funiculus (DLF) of the spinal cord contains descending pathways critical for both opiate and brainstem stimulation-produced @entity1337 . To obtain a comprehensive map of brainstem neurons projecting to the spinal cord via the DLF, large injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were made into the lumbosacral spinal cord of cat and @entity35 . These injections were made caudal to @entity75 which spared only a single DLF or ventral quadrant (VQ); thus only those neurons whose axons descended in the spared funiculus would be labelled. Cells with descending axons in the VQ were concentrated in the medullary nucleus raphe pallidus and obscurus, nucleus retroambiguus and in various subregions of the reticular formation including the nucleus reticularis ventralis, gigantocellularis, magnocellularis, pontis caudalis and pontis oralis. Significant numbers of neurons were also found in medial and lateral vestibular nuclei and in several presumed @entity2922 -containing neurons of the dorsolateral pons. In the @entity35 , but not in the cat, considerable numbers of cells are present in the mesencephalic reticular formation just lateral to the periaqueductal gray. In both species, some cells were found in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Brainstem cells projecting in the DLF were concentrated in the nucleus raphe magnus and in the adjacent nucleus reticularis magnocellularis, ipsilateral to the spared funiculus. Significant numbers of cells were found in the dorsolateral pons, differing somewhat in their distribution from those projecting in the VQ. DLF-projecting cells were also present in the ipsilateral Edinger-Westphal nucleus and periaqueductal grey contralateral red nucleus of the midbrain and in the @entity2339 . Smaller projections from other sites are described. These results are discussed in terms of the differential contribution of several brainstem neuronal groups, including the serotonergic nucleus, raphe magnus, the ventromedial reticular formation of the medulla, and various @entity2922 -containing neurons of the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum to the @entity1337 produced by opiates and electrical brain stimulation.

title: The origin of descending pathways in the dorsolateral funiculus of the spinal cord of the cat and XXXX : further studies on the anatomy of pain modulation.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['midthoracic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity410 represent a potential source of accidents/ @entity204 . Permission to drive may, therefore, be granted in a @entity410 -free period. Laws and regulations regarding this issue vary widely, and the onus of reporting @entity410 ultimately rests on the individual. Unfortunately, as some @entity1 are unaware of their @entity410 , their reports may be unreliable. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we selected, from a group of 1100 consecutive @entity1 , 57 cases (26 males/31 females; mean age: 42.5 years) in whom the AEEG documented ictal events (UIEs) not reported in a self-kept diary. By means of a simple questionnaire, we interviewed all these @entity1 to collect information on driving licenses. We, thus, assessed how many of these @entity1 (both drug resistant and @entity410 free) drove regularly. RESULTS: Our study shows a relatively large number of @entity1 with @entity302 and UIEs. Fifteen @entity1 suffered from @entity3762 ( @entity3762 ) while 42 had @entity302 ( @entity302 ). The @entity1 were @entity410 free in 21 cases and 36 had drug-resistant @entity410 . Many @entity1 in both these subgroups had a driving license and drove normally (active driving in 12/36 drug-resistant @entity1 and in 18/21 @entity410 -free @entity1 ). Worthy of note is the finding that an "apparently" @entity410 -free group of @entity1 drove regularly. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a large number of @entity1 (both drug resistant and @entity410 free) with AEEG-documented UIEs. This finding highlights the usefulness of AEEG in clinical practice as a means of more accurately ascertaining @entity410 freedom and supporting decisions involving the renewal or granting of a driving license.

title: XXXX , unawareness of @entity410 and driving license: the potential role of 24-hour ambulatory EEG in defining @entity410 freedom.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'PE', 'partial epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic generalized epilepsy', 'IGE']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epilepsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate a salvage therapy (ST- @entity2033 -86) for @entity1 with progressive and relapsed @entity978 after primary treatment in the pediatric DAL/GPOH studies. The essential chemotherapeutic regimens were @entity1260 , @entity2879 , and @entity229 (IEP) and @entity632 , @entity1732 , @entity5713 , and @entity2699 (ABVD). METHODS: One hundred seventy-six @entity1 with progression (n = 51) or first relapse (n = 125) were enrolled by 67 centers. The median time from initial diagnosis to progression/relapse was 1.1 year (range, 0.1 to 15.3 years), and the @entity1 ' median age was 14.7 years (range, 4.3 to 24.5 years). Salvage chemotherapy consisted of two to three cycles of IEP alternating with one to two cycles of ABVD supplemented in part by one to two cycles of @entity786 , @entity1891 , @entity4174 , and @entity229 or @entity11770 (CCNU), @entity2879 , and @entity42870 . Radiotherapy was given to involved areas using individualized doses. In the 1990s, additional high-dose chemotherapy with autologous @entity8 ( @entity8 ) was introduced for @entity1 with unfavorable prognosis. RESULTS: Disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) after 10 years are 62% and 75%, respectively (SE, 4% each). Of 176 @entity1 , 73 suffered second events. The risk-factor analysis revealed the time to progression/relapse as the strongest prognostic factor (P = .0001). @entity1 with progression have an inferior outcome (DFS, 41%; @entity1349 , 51%), whereas @entity1 with late relapse (> 12 months after end of therapy) do well (DFS, 86%; @entity1349 , 90%), although none of them received @entity8 in second remission. CONCLUSION: The result can be considered favorable. Whereas the salvage strategy for progressive disease has to be optimized further, it is possible to reduce intensity and avoid @entity8 in late relapses after @entity978 in childhood/adolescence.

title: Salvage therapy of progressive and recurrent @entity978 : results from a multicenter study of the pediatric DAL/GPOH- XXXX study group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['stem-cell transplantation', 'SCT']

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity42870 :: ('MESH:D011238', 'Chemical') :: ['prednimustine']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity11770 :: ('MESH:D008130', 'Chemical') :: ['lomustine']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity2033 :: (MESH:D006816,Disease) :: ['HD']


abstract: We hypothesized that abnormal @entity734 ( @entity734 ) found in older otherwise healthy subjects can be attenuated with long-term endurance training. Ten endurance-trained @entity1 , 68.5 +/- 2.3 yr old, and 10 healthy sedentary @entity1 , 64.7 +/- 1.4 yr old, were studied. Aerobic exercise capacity (VO(2 max)), fasting plasma @entity165 , insulin, and @entity1255 concentrations were measured. Master @entity2587 had higher VO(2 max) (42 +/- 2.3 vs. 27 +/- 1.4 ml. kg(-1). min(-1), P < 0.001), slightly higher total @entity165 (226 +/- 8 vs. 199 +/- 8 mg/dl, P = 0.05), similar insulin, and higher @entity1255 (10.7 +/- 1.3 vs. 9.2 +/- 1.4 micromol/ml, p = 0.02) concentrations. Brachial arterial diameter, determined with vascular ultrasound, during the hyperemic response was greater in the master @entity2587 than in controls (P = 0.005). Peak vasodilatory response was 109.1 +/- 2 vs. 103.6 +/- 2% (P < 0.05) in the @entity2587 and controls, respectively. Endothelium-independent vasodilation in response to @entity1242 was similar between the two groups. The increased arterial diameter during the hyperemic response correlated significantly with the VO(2 max) in the entire population (r = 0.66, P < 0.002). Our results suggest that long-term endurance exercise training in older @entity1 is associated with systemic enhanced @entity734 , which is even detectable in the conduit arteries of untrained muscle.

title: Enhanced @entity734 in older endurance-trained XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['endothelium-dependent vasodilation', 'EDD']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of minimally invasive esophagectomy on @entity1 prognosis, particularly disease-free survival (DFS), has not been well addressed. We compared the clinical outcomes of open and thoracoscopic esophagectomy in @entity1 with @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ). METHODS: Sixty-three and 66 @entity1 , nonrandomized, underwent open and thoracoscopic esophagectomies for @entity1721 between 2008 and 2011 were included. The clinicopathological data were reviewed retrospectively. Perioperative outcome, @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), DFS, and the recurrence sites after open and thoracoscopic esophagectomy were compared. RESULTS: The open and thoracoscopic groups were comparable with regard to the total number of harvested lymph nodes and the percentage @entity1 undergoing R0 resection. Fewer @entity1 in the thoracoscopic group had @entity55 and wound complications. Intensive care unit (ICU) stay also was shorter in the thoracoscopic group. The recurrence pattern was similar in the two groups. In the open and thoracoscopic groups, the 3-year @entity1349 rates were 47.6 and 70.9 % (p = 0.031), respectively, and the 3-year DFS rates were 35 and 62.4 % (p = 0.007), respectively. However, the trends in better @entity1349 and DFS in the thoracoscopic group were not significant after stratification according to pathologic stage. CONCLUSIONS: The perioperative benefit of thoracoscopic esophagectomy included fewer @entity260 and shorter ICU stays. Mid-term @entity1349 and DFS associated with thoracoscopic techniques are at least equivalent to those associated with open procedures.

title: Open versus thoracoscopic esophagectomy in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['ESCC', 'esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']