abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1167 is a leading cause of @entity204 in the United States, with pulseless electrical activity ( @entity3587 ) as a common @entity1167 . We sought to determine if rate of electrical activity and QRS width correlate with survival in @entity1 who present with @entity3587 out-of-hospital @entity1167 . METHODS AND RESULTS: This is a retrospective review of @entity1 with @entity3587 out-of-hospital @entity1167 with first documented cardiac rhythm of @entity3587 from January 2010 to September 2013. Demographic, arrest and initial rhythm characteristics, and @entity1 outcome were abstracted via systematic chart review. The initial 20 seconds of each rhythm strip were used to ascertain electrical rate and QRS width. Primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Four hundred fourteen @entity1 were eligible for the study. One hundred fifty-two @entity1 did not have sufficient data for analysis. Two hundred sixty-two @entity1 were included in the final analysis with mean age, 66 years. There were 23 (8.8%) survivors and 17 (6.5%) neurologically intact survivors. Mean heart rate was 58 (confidence interval, 54-63) beats per minute, and mean QRS interval was 100 (confidence interval, 95-106) milliseconds. Twenty-nine point seven percent of @entity1 had wide QRS complexes, and 70.3% were narrow. There was no difference in survival in @entity1 based on heart rate (13.1% vs 7.4%, P = .16) or QRS interval (8.7% vs 7.7%, P = .79). CONCLUSIONS: In this single emergency medical services agency study, neither @entity3587 electrical rate nor QRS width correlated with survival or neurologic outcome.

title: XXXX with @entity1167 of pulseless electrical activity: do rhythm characteristics correlate with outcome?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['initial arrest rhythm', 'cardiac arrest', 'Cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['Cardiac arrest']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Many @entity1 who suffer @entity1167 do not respond to standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation. There is growing interest in utilizing veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (E-CPR) in the management of refractory @entity1167 . We describe our preliminary experiences in establishing an E-CPR program for refractory @entity1167 in Melbourne, Australia. METHODS: The CHEER trial (mechanical CPR, @entity2332 , ECMO and Early Reperfusion) is a single center, prospective, observational study conducted at The Alfred Hospital. The CHEER protocol was developed for selected @entity1 with @entity61788 and involves mechanical CPR, rapid intravenous administration of 30mL/kg of ice-cold saline to induce intra-arrest therapeutic @entity2332 , percutaneous cannulation of the femoral artery and vein by two critical care physicians and commencement of veno-arterial ECMO. Subsequently, @entity1 with suspected @entity1563 are transferred to the cardiac catheterization laboratory for coronary angiography. @entity2332 (33  C) is maintained for 24h in the intensive care unit. RESULTS: There were 26 @entity1 eligible for the CHEER protocol (11 with OHCA, 15 with IHCA). The median age was 52 (IQR 38-60) years. ECMO was established in 24 (92%), with a median time from collapse until initiation of ECMO of 56 (IQR 40-85) min. Percutaneous coronary intervention was performed on 11 (42%) and @entity358 on 1 @entity1 . Return of spontaneous circulation was achieved in 25 (96%) @entity1 . Median duration of ECMO support was 2 (IQR 1-5) days, with 13/24 (54%) of @entity1 successfully weaned from ECMO support. Survival to hospital discharge with full neurological recovery (CPC score 1) occurred in 14/26 (54%) @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: A protocol including E-CPR instituted by critical care physicians for refractory @entity1167 which includes mechanical CPR, peri-arrest therapeutic @entity2332 and ECMO is feasible and associated with a relatively high survival rate.

title: Refractory XXXX treated with mechanical CPR, @entity2332 , ECMO and early reperfusion (the CHEER trial).

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity61788 :: ('MESH:D058687', 'Disease') :: ['refractory in-hospital and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolectomy']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['Therapeutic hypothermia', 'hypothermia', 'Hypothermia']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this work was to report the impact of comorbidity on long-term results of prosthetic above-knee femoropopliteal bypass for @entity613 . METHODS: One hundred and forty-one consecutive operations (129 @entity1 ) between January 1990 and December 2001 in one single vascular unit were analyzed. All cases were prospectively registered. Survival and assisted primary patency rates were studied and subgroups of @entity1 were compared. RESULTS: The 5-year survival was 77%, which is significantly lower than the survival of a demographically matched population (85%). Preoperative serum- @entity1011 >125 mmol/L was significantly associated with reduced survival (P<0.01). The assisted primary patency rates were 62% at 2 years and 44% at 5 years. The 5-year patency rate for smokers was 24% versus 67% for non-smokers (P<0.01). A previous history of @entity385 was significantly associated with reduced graft patency (P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Careful selection of @entity1 submitted to surgical treatment of @entity613 is mandatory to achieve the optimal gain of the operation. @entity1 with @entity613 and @entity8 reveal poor survival. The reduced graft patency rates of @entity1 with a history of a cerebral insult need further studies to be verified. Smokers should be treated conservatively due to their inferior graft patency rates.

title: The impact of comorbidity on long-term results of above-knee prosthetic femoropopliteal bypass for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent claudication']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity613 :: (MESH:D007383,Disease) :: ['intermittent claudication']


abstract: The Fast Agglutination Screening Test (FAST) was employed on sera obtained from an endemic area of @entity234 in southwestern Ethiopia, in February 2000. The study involved (i) active case detection among 1575 residents of two villages; and (ii) passive case detection in an outpatient clinic. Sera of 1587 individuals, including 143 sera of previously treated @entity10389 @entity1 , were tested. Based on the size of agglutination mat, the FAST results were read qualitatively as non-reactive (-), weakly reactive (1+), moderately reactive (2+) and highly reactive (3+). All FAST reactive sera were re-tested with the Direct Agglutination Test (DAT). After clinical screening of 1625 individuals, 61 individuals with signs and symptoms of early or late @entity10389 were found; 26 sera were FAST positive. Twenty-two of these suspected @entity10389 cases were subjected to parasitological examination using lymph node aspirates. Eighteen (81.8%) were confirmed either by demonstration of amastigotes in smears or promastigotes in NNN cultures. FAST reactive anti-leishmanial antibodies were detected in 4.5% of untreated and 70.6% of previously treated @entity1 . Forty-five sera of 1390 previously untreated asymptomatic individuals (3.2%) were found to be FAST positive. This report demonstrates that FAST is a rapid and cost-effective screening test for the diagnosis and sero-epidemiological surveillance of @entity234 .

title: Sero-epidemiological assessment and diagnosis of XXXX in an endemic locality using Fast Agglutination Screening Test (FAST).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['visceral leishmaniasis']

answer: @entity234 :: (MESH:D007898,Disease) :: ['visceral leishmaniasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity170 with @entity604 is widely recognized as a major health problem. Bone homeostasis is maintained by balancing bone formation and bone resorption. The imbalance caused by increased bone resorption over bone formation can lead to various @entity79 such as @entity170 and @entity309 . Osteoclasts are the principal cells responsible for bone resorption and the main targets of anti-resorptive therapies. However, excessive inhibition of osteoclast differentiation may lead to inhibition of osteoblast differentiation. Therefore, it is important to screen for new compounds capable of inhibiting bone resorption and enhancing bone formation. Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. has been utilized traditionally for medicinal purposes such as the treatment of @entity627 . Currently, the extract is considered to be a good source of pharmacological agents for the treatment of @entity79 , but the active compounds have yet to be identified. We investigated whether toddaculin, derived from Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam., affects both processes by inhibiting bone resorption and enhancing bone formation. Towards this end, we used pre-osteoclastic RAW 264 cells and pre-osteoblastic @entity19 cells. We found that toddaculin not only inhibited the differentiation of osteoclasts via activation of the NF-kB, @entity8837 , and @entity1995 MAPK signaling pathways, but it also induced differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts by regulating differentiation factors. Thus, toddaculin might be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of @entity170 .

title: Toddaculin, Isolated from of Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam., Inhibited Osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264 Cells and Enhanced Osteoblastogenesis in XXXX Cells.

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone-related diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['MC3T3-E1']


abstract: AIM: Gastrointestinal smooth muscle relaxation is accomplished by the neural corelease of @entity855 or a related @entity17262 and @entity842 . Contractions are triggered by @entity934 and @entity4756 . The aim of this work was to study whether regional differences in neurotransmission could partially explain the varied physiological roles of each colonic area. METHODS: We used electrophysiological and myography techniques to evaluate purinergic (L- @entity67583  mm incubated tissue), nitrergic ( @entity15095 0.3   m incubated tissue) and cholinergic neurotransmission (L- @entity67583  mm and @entity15095 0.3   m incubated tissue) in the proximal, mid and distal colon of @entity2659 @entity19 (n  =  42). RESULTS: Purinergic electrophysiological responses elicited by single pulses (28  V) were greater in the distal (IJPfMAX   =  -35.3      2.2  mV), followed by the mid (IJPfMAX   =  -30.6      1.0  mV) and proximal (IJPfMAX   = -11.7      1.1  mV) colon. In contrast, nitrergic responses decreased from the proximal colon (IJPsMAX   =  -11.4      1.1  mV) to the mid (IJPsMAX   = -9.1      0.4  mV), followed by the distal colon (IJPsMAX   = -1.8      0.3  mV). A similar rank of order was observed in neural mediated inhibitory mechanical responses including electrical field stimulation-mediated responses and neural tone. ADPbs concentration-response curve was shifted to the left in the distal colon. In contrast, NaNP responses did not differ between regions. Cholinergic neurotransmission elicited contractions of a similar amplitude throughout the colon. CONCLUSION: An inverse gradient of purinergic and nitrergic neurotransmission exists through the @entity19 colon. The proximal and mid colon have a predominant nitrergic neurotransmission probably due to the fact that their storage function requires sustained relaxations. The distal colon, in contrast, has mainly purinergic neurotransmission responsible for the phasic relaxations needed to propel dehydrated faeces.

title: Inverse gradient of nitrergic and purinergic inhibitory cotransmission in the XXXX colon.

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity4756 :: ('MESH:D015320', 'Chemical') :: ['tachykinins']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Despite @entity2979 and a @entity49 state during pregnancy, the reported incidences of @entity1150 and @entity1151 are remarkably low, about 1 in 2,000 and 1 in 10,000 cases, respectively. Mortality from antepartum @entity1031 has been reported in about 15 percent of untreated @entity1 and less than 1 percent of treated patients. Adequate anticoagulant therapy significantly reduces maternal mortality and decreases postpartum morbidity. The proper anticoagulant agent for use during pregnancy has been widely debated. @entity1524 compounds pass through the placenta and into the fetus. @entity548 in the fetus are uncommon if prothrombin times are carefully controlled and if the drug is discontinued before delivery. However, @entity1524 during the first trimester has the teratogenic hazard of producing @entity1610 punctata. Heparin, in contrast, does not cross the placental barrier and is considered more effective treatment for @entity1150 ; however, long-term intravenous administration during pregnancy has been considered both impractical and possibly hazardous due to the risk of @entity170 after 6 months of therapy. In our study, a combined regimen of intravenous and subcutaneous heparin was used successfully in four @entity1 with @entity1150 . One @entity1 who had recurrent embolization while on adequate intravenous heparin underwent vena caval clipping and had an uneventful Cesarian section at term with a normal @entity1 . Another @entity1 also underwent Caesarian section with a normal @entity1 , while the other two @entity1 had normal vaginal deliveries at term. Miniheparin therapy was continued for 3 months postpartum, followed by long-term @entity117 and Ascriptin therapy. Carefully controlled heparin therapy in a pregnant @entity1 with @entity1150 both safe and beneficial for mother and fetus.

title: Management of @entity1150 and XXXX during pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'infant', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1610 :: ('MESH:D010009', 'Disease') :: ['chondrodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhagic complications']

entities_list: @entity1524 :: ('MESH:C030123', 'Chemical') :: ['Coumarin', 'coumarin']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulable']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity2979 :: ('MESH:D054070', 'Disease') :: ['venous stasis']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controversy exists surrounding the use of the phrenic nerve for transfer in severe @entity2685 . The objectives of this study are: (1) to present the experience of the authors using the phrenic nerve in a single institution; and (2) to thoroughly review the existing literature to date. METHODS: Adult @entity1 with @entity2244 and a phrenic nerve transfer were retrospectively included. @entity1 with follow-up shorter than 18  months were excluded. The MRC muscle strength grading system was used to rate the outcome. Clinical repercussions relating to sectioning of the phrenic nerve were studied. An intense rehabilitation program was started after surgery, and compliance to this program was monitored using a previously described scale. Statistical analysis was performed with the obtained data. RESULTS: Fifty-one @entity1 were included. The mean time between @entity130 and surgery was 5.7  months. Three-quarters of the @entity1 had C5-D1, with the remainder C5-C8. Mean post-operative follow-up was 32.5  months A MRC of M4 was achieved in 62.7  % @entity1 , M3 21.6  %, M2 in 3.9  %, and M1 in 11.8  %. The only significant differences between the two groups were in graft length (9.8 vs. 15.1  cm, p   =   0.01); and in the rehabilitation compliance score (2.86 vs. 2.00, p   =   0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Results of phrenic nerve transfer are predictable and good, especially if the grafts are short and the rehabilitation is adequate. It may adversely affect respiratory function tests, but this rarely correlates clinically. Contraindications to the use of the phrenic nerve exist and should be respected.

title: The phrenic nerve as a donor for XXXX : is it safe and effective? Case series and literature analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus injuries']

answer: @entity2685 :: (MESH:C536265,Disease) :: ['brachial plexus injuries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate associations of measures assessed by radiography, 2-D CT, and 3-D CT of the hip joints of immature @entity235 with @entity571 in the same joints at @entity2175 . ANIMALS: 46 hound-type @entity235 from a colony predisposed to @entity571 . PROCEDURES: Images of hip joints (1/ @entity235 ) were obtained at 16, 32, and 104 weeks of age. Radiographic measures included Norberg angle, distraction index, and @entity571 score. Two-dimensional CT measures included acetabular index, percentage of femoral head coverage, and center edge, horizontal toit externe, acetabular anteversion, and ventral, dorsal, and horizontal acetabular sector angles. Three-dimensional CT measures were femoral head and neck volume, femoral neck angle, and femoral head and neck radius. Differences among measures at 16 and 32 weeks in @entity235 with different @entity571 scores at later time points, relationships among variables at each time point, and relationships of single and combined measures with the presence of @entity571 at 104 weeks were evaluated. RESULTS: The 16- and 32-week distraction index, center edge angle, dorsal acetabular sector angle, horizontal acetabular sector angle, percentage of femoral head coverage, acetabular index, and Norberg angle and the 32-week femoral neck angle varied significantly with @entity571 severity at 104 weeks. Presence of @entity571 in mature @entity235 was most strongly associated with 16-week combined measures of distraction index and center edge angle and 32-week combined measures of dorsal acetabular sector angle and Norberg angle. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Changes in hip joint morphology associated with radiographic signs of @entity571 were detectable as early as 16 weeks of age and varied with @entity571 severity in adult @entity235 . The use of combined hip joint measures may improve early identification of @entity235 predisposed to @entity570 .

title: Associations between early radiographic and computed tomographic measures and @entity235 XXXX at @entity2175 .

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['hip joint osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity570 :: (MESH:D015207,Disease) :: ['hip joint osteoarthritis']


abstract: Past suicide attempt has been consistently reported to be the best predictor of future suicide attempt. The need to identify predictors that can be targets of therapy is of great importance. Coping styles and defense mechanisms have now been linked to suicide in numerous reports. In this study, we expand on past research by exploring differences in defense mechanism use between three groups: 1) without current suicide ideation/attempt; 2) with current suicide ideation/no attempt; and 3) with current suicide attempt. We also explored the contribution of covariates, such as symptom severity and past attempt. Seventy-five adult @entity1 who were within 48 hours of hospital admission for current @entity308 were recruited. Clinical interview was conducted to verify diagnosis and assess symptom severity. @entity1 completed the Defense Style Questionnaire within 48 hours of admission based on their current thoughts and beliefs. Logistic regressions were used to determine the best predictors of current suicide status. Consistently, the use of more image-distorting mechanisms was the best predictor of current suicide attempt. Symptom severity and past attempt were not significant predictors after controlling for influence of defense styles. Decreased use of image-distorting mechanisms in adult @entity1 with major @entity308 should be considered as a distinct target of therapy.

title: Defense mechanisms and suicide risk in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'major depressive episode']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['major depression']


abstract: A total of 120 isolates of @entity4005 spp. and @entity795 spp. collected from @entity1641 and small animals ( @entity235 and @entity468 ) were screened for their susceptibility to 24 different antimicrobial agents. @entity4005 spp. were included from infections of the @entity790 ( @entity790 ) of @entity1641 (36 isolates) and the urinary/ @entity790 (UGT) from @entity235 and @entity468 (17 isolates), while @entity795 spp. were from small animal ( @entity235 and @entity468 ) infections of the UGT (37 strains) and the skin (incl. @entity2169 ) (30 isolates). In @entity4005 spp. resistance appeared most frequently to @entity869 (53-67%), @entity207 (19-29%) and potentiated @entity13135 ( @entity206 / @entity207 1/19 combination) (19-24%). A further 29% of enrofloxacin resistant @entity4005 isolates were observed for the UGT of small animals. From the @entity790 of @entity1641 for this antimicrobial agent there was no isolate detected with a comparably high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value. In @entity795 spp. highest percentages of resistance occurred against @entity803 (90-92%). Due to drug efflux proteins, high MIC values against this antimicrobial agent have been frequently reported in literature. In @entity795 spp. relevant resistance percentages also occurred for potentiated @entity13135 (27-37%), @entity207 (24-37%) and @entity2755 (24-37%).

title: Antimicrobial susceptibility of @entity4005 spp. and @entity795 spp. from various organ systems of @entity1641 , @entity235 and XXXX as determined in the BfT-GermVet monitoring program 2004-2006.

entities_list: @entity13135 :: ('MESH:D013449', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamides']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['GT', 'genital tract']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: The effects of @entity1378 and @entity1375 on brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and phospholipid @entity844 composition were investigated in @entity35 . Chronic @entity1954 (T3) treatment ( @entity1378 ) increased the interscapular BAT pad weight, its @entity1674 content, and its DNA content. It did not affect basal and @entity1063 -stimulated in vitro @entity26 consumption of BAT expressed per microg DNA, although it significantly increased the @entity26 consumption of the whole BAT pad. T3 treatment had little effect on phospholipid content and phospholipid @entity844 composition. In contrast, chronic @entity3937 treatment ( @entity1375 ) decreased the BAT pad weight and the @entity1674 content, but did not significantly change the DNA content in comparison with the control. It significantly decreased the @entity1063 -stimulated BAT @entity26 consumption expressed per microg DNA and per BAT pad, but did not change the basal @entity26 consumption. @entity3937 treatment significantly affected phospholipid content and phospholipid @entity844 composition. Among the major @entity1718 of BAT, it decreased @entity4600 ( @entity4601 ), @entity1426 , @entity7609 , @entity20765 , and @entity3952 , and it increased @entity4722 , @entity3106 , and @entity7784 . A regression analysis revealed a positive relationship between in vitro respiration and @entity4601 levels in phospholipids (r = 0.404, p<0.05). These results suggest that thyroid hormones have trophic action on BAT and are necessary for BAT thermogenic activity. This study also suggests that @entity4601 is involved in the regulation of BAT thermogenic activity, as we previously indicated.

title: Thermogenesis and @entity844 composition of brown adipose tissue in @entity35 rendered XXXX and @entity1375 -with special reference to @entity4600 .

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity3106 :: ('MESH:C031183', 'Chemical') :: ['stearic acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity3937 :: ('MESH:D008713', 'Chemical') :: ['methimazole', 'Methimazole']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity20765 :: ('MESH:C008757', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitoleic acid']

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity7609 :: ('MESH:D019308', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitic acid']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['hyperthyroid']


abstract: A novel mutation in the factor VII gene resulting in procoagulant activity of 7.5% and antigen levels of 23% is presented. Single-stranded conformational polymorphism and DNA sequencing analysis revealed heterozygous shifts, and mutations were detected in exons 5, 7 and 8. The mutant @entity66408 in exon 7 was novel, while the common polymorphisms, @entity66409 and @entity54064 , were located in exons 5 and 8, respectively. The molecular effect of the @entity66408 mutation was characterized using recombinant @entity1 expression in @entity3569 ovary cells. Low levels (4 ng/ml) of secreted mutant protein were found in transiently transfected cells compared to wild-type factor VII (83 ng/ml). Metabolic labeling demonstrated that the rate of mutant protein synthesis was similar to that of wild-type FVII, and the mutant protein accumulated intracellularly with no signs of increased degradation during a four-hour chase. No interaction between secreted P204 protein and immobilized soluble tissue factor was detected using surface plasmon reso-nance. The activation rate of recombinant mutant FVII protein was strongly reduced compared to wild-type FVII. A 9-fold reduction in the rate of FX activation was detected whereas Km was nearly the same for wild-type and the mutant. This slow rate was caused by a correspondingly lowered rate of P204 activation. A synthetic peptide sequence comprising @entity1522 177-206 blocked binding of FVIIa to the TF-chip, and the subsequent factor X activation with an IC(50) value of 0.5 micro M in a chromogenic factor Xa assay. Additionally, evaluation of the peptide by surface plasmon resonance analysis resulted in inhibition of complex formation with an apparent K(I) of 7 micro M.

title: A novel gene mutation in the 60s loop of XXXX coagulation factor VII - inhibition of interdomain crosstalk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: SETTING: Hostels and day centres for homeless @entity1 in south London. OBJECTIVE: To develop an appropriate and effective method of screening for @entity1907 ( @entity378 ) among the homeless. DESIGN: Observational study evaluated for acceptability, yield of cases and completion of treatment. The screening included a symptom questionnaire, a Heaf test and a chest X-ray, developed and read on site. RESULTS: Ten clients (0.5%) were identified as having active @entity1907 ; seven of these were white @entity1 over the age of 50. The symptom questionnaire was seldom helpful. Nine of the cases were initially identified by chest X-ray, however only three of the 10 had a Heaf test performed. Eight of the 10 clients with active @entity378 completed therapy; five additional clients were started on chemoprophylaxis. All of these had strongly positive Heaf reactions and normal chest X-rays. CONCLUSIONS: Chest X-ray screening is the most useful screening method and is effective if it is targeted. The use of incentives seems to increase the uptake of screening. Heaf testing is useful for the identification of those clients needing prophylactic treatment or BCG immunisation. Good compliance can be achieved provided clients are case managed appropriately.

title: @entity378 among homeless XXXX in London: an effective model of screening and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis', 'pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: Although treatment of @entity234 with pentavalent antimony is usually successful, some @entity1 require second-line drug therapy, most commonly with @entity2379 . To identify the clinical characteristics that predict an inadequate response to pentavalent antimony, a case-control study was undertaken in Teresina, Piaui, Brazil. Over a two-year period, there were 19 cases of @entity10389 in which the staff physicians of a hospital prescribed second-line therapy with @entity2379 after determining that treatment with pentavalent antimony had failed. The control group consisted of 97 @entity1 that were successfully treated with pentavalent antimony. A chart review using univariate and multivariate analysis was performed. The cure rate was 90% with @entity2379 . The odds ratio for the prescription of @entity2379 was 10.2 for @entity1 less than one year old, compared with individuals aged over 10 years. @entity1 who presented @entity325 had an OR of 7.1 while those on antibiotics had an OR of 2.8. These data support either undertaking a longer course of therapy with pentavalent antimony for @entity1 or using @entity2379 as a first-line agent for @entity1 and individuals with @entity325 . It also suggests that chemoprophylaxis directed toward bacterial @entity325 in small @entity1 with @entity10389 may be indicated.

title: Predictors of an unsatisfactory response to pentavalent antimony in the treatment of American XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['visceral leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['coinfections', 'coinfection']

answer: @entity234 :: (MESH:D007898,Disease) :: ['visceral leishmaniasis']


abstract: @entity1722 gene amplification and protein over-expression were investigated in 89 primary @entity5 and 24 @entity3 from Norwegian @entity0 @entity1 . Amplification occurred in 22.5% of the primary @entity5 and 50% of the @entity3 . The amplification was negatively correlated to the @entity2931 receptor (ER) content in both the primary @entity5 and the @entity3 . No significant differences between amplified and non-amplified @entity5 were observed with regard to node status, clinical stage, @entity5 size or menopausal status, although correlations of borderline significance were found between node status, clinical stage and high degree of gene amplification. All the amplified @entity5 were of the invasive ductal type. Follow-up data of @entity1 observed for more than 1 year showed a significantly higher recurrence rate in the @entity1722 amplified group. Allele loss of chromosome 17p and of 7q was seen in 55% and 48% of the @entity5 respectively. No significant correlation was found between these losses and clinico-histological parameters. More than 50% of the @entity5 with a loss of 17q sequences had an amplification of @entity1722 which is located on 17q12-21, indicating that only one of the chromosomes may be involved in the amplification of the @entity1722 . A trend towards a correlation between loss of 17q and high degree of amplification were found. No correlation was found between positive family history of @entity0 and @entity1722 gene amplification, nor loss of 17p or 17q sequences. Our data support the hypothesis that amplification correlates with @entity5 behaviour, and thus may be used as a prognostic factor in @entity0 . The allele losses on 17p and 17q points to @entity5 suppressor gene or genes on this chromosome, although not as predisposing genes in families.

title: Amplification and protein over-expression of the @entity1722 / @entity1722 / @entity1722 protooncogene in XXXX @entity0 : relationship to loss of gene sequences on chromosome 17, family history and prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'aggressive tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The free-hand technique carries a higher risk of pedicle weakening and @entity531 in comparison with pedicle screw placement using a @entity16834 guide. Due to this evidence and because of some variances in the surgical method, different outcome can be expected. The objective of the study was to evaluate the disability, the back and @entity158 before and at least 3  years after the surgery between examined groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven @entity1 in @entity16834 guide and 13 in control group were randomly assigned for vertebral fusion in the lumbar and first sacral regions. Pre- and post-operative CT scans, @entity717 index (ODI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) for back and @entity158 were taken. Post-operative evaluations of cortex perforation and statistical analysis between studied groups have been performed. RESULTS: Seventy-two screws were inserted in each group. All @entity1 completed a 3-year follow-up. Comparing groups, there was no statistical significant difference in VAS and ODI before or after surgery. Cortex perforation incidence in @entity16834 guide group was 6 and in free-hand group 29 (p  <  0.05). In each group, @entity158 and disability were significantly lower as before the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: The application of a @entity16834 guide template for pedicle screw placement is not more effective in reducing @entity158 and disability after midterm follow-up in comparison with the free-hand technique. However, it reduces the cortex perforation incidence. Concerning this evidence, a @entity16834 guide is still an additional tool that could in the future potentially compete with other screw placement techniques.

title: Lumbar and sacral pedicle screw placement using a template does not improve the midterm XXXX and disability outcome in comparison with free-hand method.

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'leg pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry disability']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular injuries']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: AIMS: To determine the surgical practice in individuals with symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity5990 using a questionnaire survey. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to 724 @entity1 with @entity5990 . Details of symptoms, duration of illness, nature of treatment including surgery, color of @entity5990 retrieved and postoperative follow-up particulars were obtained. RESULTS: The study group included 225 (54%) @entity1 ; there was a rising trend of prevalence of @entity5990 in @entity1 with increasing age (p<0.05). A third of the @entity1 (142 [34%]) were symptomatic. The mean duration of symptoms was 12.1 months. One hundred and ninety seven @entity1 (48%), including 90 asymptomatic ones, underwent cholecystectomy. Most @entity1 (92.5% of those symptomatic and 76.6% of those asymptomatic) underwent cholecystectomy within one year of diagnosis. Eight asymptomatic @entity1 underwent surgery 3 years or more after diagnosis. The predominant color of stones retrieved was black or brown (57%) or mixed (39%). CONCLUSIONS: A majority of @entity1 with @entity5990 had cholecystectomy within one year of diagnosis. Black or brown pigment stones were the dominant types of @entity5990 .

title: Surgical practice in symptomatic and asymptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones', 'gallstone disease']

answer: @entity5990 :: (MESH:D042882,Disease) :: ['gallstone disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Obesity is a risk factor for @entity65 . @entity66395 is an adipokine that is downregulated by @entity28 . We investigated the role of @entity66395 in @entity299 with loss-of-function genetic manipulations, and defined the receptor-mediated signaling pathway downstream of this adipokine. @entity66395 -knockout ( @entity66395 -KO) @entity19 at the age of 12 weeks were indistinguishable from @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 under basal conditions. @entity66395 -KO @entity19 had exacerbated contractile left @entity409 following intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) compared with @entity164 @entity19 . Administration of LPS to @entity66395 -KO @entity19 also resulted in increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers in the heart compared with @entity164 @entity19 . Likewise, @entity66395 -KO @entity19 showed increased @entity583 size and elevated expression of inflammatory mediators in @entity63 heart following @entity63 -reperfusion compared with @entity164 @entity19 . Treatment of cardiac myocytes with @entity66395 protein led to suppression of LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory genes, which was reversed by blockade of AMPK or ablation of @entity14718 ( @entity14718 ). Systemic delivery of @entity66395 attenuated LPS-induced @entity299 in @entity164 @entity19 , but not in muscle-specific @entity19 expressing dominant-negative mutant form of AMPK or @entity14718 -knockout @entity19 . @entity66395 protects against @entity299 in response to pathological stimuli by suppressing inflammatory reactions through @entity14718 /AMPK-dependent mechanisms.

title: C1q/TNF-related protein 9 protects against acute myocardial injury through an XXXX -AMPK dependent mechanism.

entities_list: @entity14718 :: ('72674(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['AdipoR1', 'adiponectin-receptor type1']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['ventricle dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury', 'acute cardiac damage', 'cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity14718 :: (72674(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['AdipoR1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to explore the clinical value of a step-wise application of @entity1667 (MP) compared to @entity619 ( @entity3784 ) in acute exacerbations of @entity1030 . METHODOLOGY: One hundred and forty-two @entity1 with an acute exacerbation of @entity1030 were divided randomly into two groups: 71 @entity1 were treated with MP and the other 71 @entity1 were treated with @entity3784 . Otherwise each group was given the same basic treatments: antibiotics, bronchodilators, @entity26 therapy as well as standard hospital care. The @entity1 in the MP group were given a tapering dose of MP for 7-14 days, and the @entity1 in the @entity3784 group were given a corresponding tapering dose of @entity3784 for 7-14 days. Then both groups were given a gradually reducing dose of oral @entity229 for 2-3 weeks. Two weeks before the @entity229 was tapered off, inhaled corticosteroid was introduced. The @entity1 ' symptom scores, physical signs, per cent predicted FEV1%, and arterial blood gases were monitored before treatment and after the seventh day of treatment. RESULTS: There was an obvious improvement in symptoms after 1-3 days in all 71 @entity1 in the MP group, with their wheezing being distinctly reduced or disappearing entirely. The maximum benefit that occurred in the MP group (90.14%) was considerably higher than that of the @entity3784 group (25.35%), P < 0.05. The predicted FEV1% in the MP group increased from 46.7 +/- 10.6 to 67.5 +/- 12.4, compared with an increase in the @entity3784 group from 50.1 +/- 7.6 to 58.9 +/- 10.8. The difference between the two groups was significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: An adequate and tapering dose of MP used in acute exacerbations of @entity1030 can relieve the inflammatory reaction in airways and reduce airway @entity2473 more promptly than @entity3784 .

title: A step-wise application of @entity1667 versus @entity619 in the treatment of acute exacerbations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity452 stress testing is a commonly used modality in detecting and estimating the prognosis in @entity453 ( @entity453 ). Although it is well tolerated by most @entity1 , adverse events have been reported. Rarely, transient wall motion abnormalities can occur in the absence of obstructive @entity453 to suggest @entity661 . CASE PRESENTATION: We report a 48-year-old female with intermittent @entity662 . Her physical exam, cardiac enzymes and transthoracic echocardiogram were unremarkable. She underwent @entity452 stress echocardiogram to rule out obstructive @entity453 . After 40 micrograms (mcg)/kg/minute and 0.5 mg @entity3897 , she complained of intense @entity662 and became @entity101 . Stress echocardiogram demonstrated mid-anterior and mid-septal hypokinesis. Emergent coronary angiogram demonstrated normal coronaries. Left ventricular angiogram in the right anterior oblique projection revealed mid-ventricular ballooning during systole with apical and basal hypercontractility. @entity1 demonstrated excellent recovery with expectant management. CONCLUSIONS: The mechanism of mid-variant of @entity452 -induced @entity661 remains unclear. We think that multiple mechanisms are involved and this risk should be considered in @entity1 with comorbid psychiatric conditions and with use of centrally acting stimulants.

title: Mid-Ventricular Variant of @entity452 -Induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['stress cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity661 :: (MESH:D054549,Disease) :: ['Stress Cardiomyopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the degree of treatment goal achievement and drug prescribing in @entity1 with @entity301 ( @entity301 ) in clinical practice. METHOD: @entity1 undergoing planned or acute percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were included. @entity1 ' medical records and the hospital's database on clinical chemistry analyses were studied retrospectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Goal achievement and drug prescription relative to published therapeutic guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 200 @entity1 aged 66 +/- 11 years were included. Blood pressure <140/90 mmHg was achieved in 36% of @entity1 3 months after PCI and total @entity165 <5 mmol/l was achieved in 29% at the time of PCI. Three months after PCI the @entity1 were on 1.4 (range 0-4) drugs with antihypertensive effect (including diuretics). Seventy eight percent were on a statin, 92% were on low-dose @entity117 , and 23% had a diuretic in their drug regimen. Five out of 16 @entity1 with @entity6 included in the study were prescribed an angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitor (ACE-I). CONCLUSION: There is probably a potential for increased degree of goal achievement and for improved drug prescribing in @entity1 with @entity301 undergoing PCI at our hospital.

title: Secondary prevention in XXXX : goal achievement and drug prescribing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Formal and more aggressive d  bridement procedures have been described for the treatment of advanced @entity571 of the elbow. However, the literature contains little information on the results of long-term follow-up. The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes at an average of ten years after d  bridement arthroplasties performed through a posteromedial approach. METHODS: Thirty-three elbows with @entity571 in thirty-two @entity1 treated with d  bridement arthroplasty were available for clinical follow-up evaluation. Through a posteromedial approach, the flexor-pronator muscle origin was reflected from the medial epicondyle and the joint was opened, preserving the anterior oblique bundle of the medial collateral ligament. The ulnar nerve was decompressed in all @entity1 . Osteophytes were removed from the anterior, medial, and posterior sides of the elbow joint. In nine elbows, @entity5040 from the lateral compartment were removed through an additional lateral approach. The mean age at the time of the operation was fifty years. The mean duration of follow-up was 121 months, and nineteen elbows were followed for more than ten years. RESULTS: The mean preoperative limitation of extension of 31 degrees was reduced to 24 degrees, and the mean preoperative flexion of 101 degrees improved to 118 degrees (p < 0.001). The mean arc of movement improved by 24 degrees. The mean Japanese Orthopaedic Association elbow score was 83 points at the latest follow-up evaluation compared with 60 points preoperatively (p < 0.001). Of twenty-five @entity1 who had performed heavy manual work, nineteen (76%) returned to their previous job or an equivalent job. At the latest examination of the nineteen elbows followed for more than ten years, the limitation of extension was found to have increased by 7 degrees compared with the limitation noted at one year (p < 0.009); the mean arc of flexion had remained the same. Three elbows required a reoperation. Overall, 85% of the elbows were satisfactory to the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: D  bridement arthroplasty through a posteromedial approach can provide stable and reliable long-term results with regard to relief of @entity158 , gains in range of motion, and the @entity1 's ability to return to his or her previous occupation. In our series, a modest loss of extension was observed at ten years, whereas the arc of flexion remained consistent.

title: D  bridement arthroplasty for XXXX of the elbow.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['osteophytes']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['primary osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['primary osteoarthritis']


abstract: The @entity2891 and @entity5899 concentrations in @entity1 prostatic fluid were measured following intravenous administration of @entity5899 / @entity2891 (SBT/ @entity5579 ) and its clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of 11 @entity1 with acute or chronic @entity1069 were evaluated. @entity2891 concentrations in prostatic fluid (PF) one hour after an intravenous infusion of SBT/ @entity5579 at a dose of 1 g and 2 g were 0.57 +/- 0.26 micrograms/ml and 1.37 +/- 0.86 micrograms/ml, respectively, both exceeding the MIC against most of the isolated strains from expressed prostatic secretion (EPS). The @entity5899 levels in PF at doses of 1 g and 2 g of SBT/ @entity5579 were 0.30 +/- 0.18 micrograms/ml and 0.38 +/- 0.13 micrograms/ml, respectively, both of which were high enough to potentiate antimicrobial activity of @entity2891 . The peak of MIC distribution of @entity5899 / @entity2891 against @entity526 (14 strains) and @entity5938 (21 strains) isolated from EPS of @entity1 with @entity1069 was in a range of 0.1-0.2 micrograms/ml and 0.2-0.78 micrograms/ml as described for the @entity2891 concentration, respectively, which were superior to those of @entity2891 , @entity5505 and @entity3400 , all compared as control, SBT/ @entity5579 exhibited 8 fold or more potent antimicrobial activity than @entity2891 against beta-lactamase producing @entity526 and CNS. Clinically, SBT/ @entity5579 was given to 11 @entity1 diagnosed as having @entity1069 in a daily dose of 2-4 g for 5 to 8 days. The drug was found to be effective in all (100%) of 5 @entity1 with acute @entity1069 and in 3 (75.0%) of 4 @entity1 who were judged to be assessable among 6 chronic @entity1 . No side effects of any kind were observed in any of the @entity1 treated. In laboratory tests, a transient @entity882 was reported for one @entity1 . SBT/ @entity5579 is particularly useful in the treatment of acute @entity1069 caused by GNR. This drug is useful for chronic @entity1069 those, caused primarily by CNS which is susceptible to this agent. This drug is available as an injectable form, subjects for its appropriate usage will be those who show acute exacerbation of @entity281 or who do not respond to oral therapy.

title: [Laboratory and clinical study of @entity5899 / XXXX (SBT/ @entity5579 ) on @entity1069 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial prostatitis', 'prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5938 :: ('1282', 'Species') :: ['S. epidermidis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity2891 :: ('MESH:D002438', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefoperazone', 'cefoperazone']

entities_list: @entity5899 :: ('MESH:D013407', 'Chemical') :: ['sulbactam']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

answer: @entity2891 :: (MESH:D002438,Chemical) :: ['cefoperazone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 833 Background: Based on our earlier reports of increased incidence of @entity0 in younger aged-groups at presentation, we decided to review the clinical characteristics, treatment patterns and survival data of our @entity1 (pts) with @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Retrospective review of the medical records of all pts with @entity0 treated at our institution from 1990 to 2001. @entity1 demographics, clinical characteristics, pathology, staging, and treatment of 1328 pts were reviewed. Follow-up data was analyzed for 810 pts. RESULTS: Total number was 1328 pts. 43.9% were premenopausal (pre-m), and 56.1% postmenopausal (post-m). Mean age at diagnosis was 50.8   12 years. We had 1006 @entity1 with early stages (In-situ, 69pts, stage I: 190 and stage II: 747 pts). 249 pts stage III and 73 pts stage IV at presentation. 1259 pts (94.8%) had infiltrative @entity0 while in-situ disease was present in only 69 pts (4.2%) Stage I pts: Total number was 190 ps. 49.5% (80 pts) of them were pre-m and 50.5% (96 pts) post-m. Mean age at diagnosis is 51.1  11.8 .57% had breast-conserving surgery and 41.3% had mastectomy. 71% had positive hormonal receptors (ER+/PR+: 47.8%, ER+/PR-16.7%, ER-/PR+ 6.5%) and 29% had negative receptors. Adjuvant chemotherapy was given to 35.4% of pts. Survival analysis showed 97.2% are still alive at 10 years.. Stage II pts: Total number 747 pts. 295 (43.9%) were pre-m and 381 (56.4%) post-m. Mean age at diagnosis was 50.7  12.4. 147 pts (20%) had breast-conserving surgery and 558 pts (78.4%) had mastectomy. 66% had positive hormonal receptors (ER+/PR+: 43.9%, ER+/PR-15.2%, ER-/PR+ 6.9%) and 34% had negative receptors. 68.3% had adjuvant chemotherapy. 93.9% are alive at 2 years, 82.9% after 5 years, and 63.1% at 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: We confirm we have a high percentage of younger-aged groups at presentation. We note a trend towards earlier stages and more breast-conserving surgeries. More than two-thirds of our pts with @entity66 had positive hormonal receptors. Survival is excellent at 97% at 10 years for stage I pts and good at 63.1% for stage II pts. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Clinical characteristics and long-term survival of early XXXX cases in the American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Environmental factors are believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity785 ( @entity785 ). @entity3440 exposure has been implicated as potentially hazardous in epidemiological studies of @entity785 . It can activate fibroblasts to express profibrotic genes at certain conditions. The aim of this study is to examine whether the fibroblasts of @entity785 @entity1 respond to @entity3440 particles with specific gene expressions differentially from normal control fibroblasts. The fibroblasts obtained from skin biopsies of 96 @entity785 @entity1 and 104 controls were examined. @entity3440 particles were used to perturb the cultures of the fibroblasts in time-course and dose-response assays. The transcript levels of @entity4173 , @entity1414 , MIVIP1, @entity1549 , @entity8111 and @entity12020 genes of the fibroblasts were measured with quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that the expressions of all six genes in @entity785 fibroblasts under @entity3440 perturbation appeared significantly different from normal control fibroblasts. In age stratified analysis, compared to control fibroblasts, @entity785 fibroblasts from @entity1 at age 30-40 years and 50-60 years displayed significantly decreased expressions of @entity3334 gene in all dosage assays and increased expression of @entity1414 genes started at low dosages perturbation of @entity3440 particles, respectively. In autoantibody stratified analysis, specific gene expression patterns were significantly associated with autoantibody-subgroups of fibroblasts. A common feature of @entity785 fibroblasts was unstable and a wide range of gene expression changes in response to @entity3440 perturbation. Our studies may suggest an altered intrinsic dynamic control in @entity785 fibroblasts. In addition, sensitivity and specificity of @entity785 fibroblasts to potentially hazardous environmental trigger is age and autoantibody-subgroup-dependent. The fibroblasts of @entity785 @entity1 at age 30-60 years may be more sensitive to @entity3440 perturbation toward a profibrotic gene expression.

title: IMPACT OF AGE AND AUTOANTIBODY STATUS ON THE GENE EXPRESSION OF SCLERODERMA FIBROBLASTS IN RESPONSE TO XXXX STIMULATION.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3440 :: ('MESH:D012822', 'Chemical') :: ['Silica', 'silica']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity3440 :: (MESH:D012822,Chemical) :: ['SILICA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, the use of @entity3907 -based regimens before @entity5948 -based regimens has been shown to achieve high pathological complete response (pCR) rates in @entity1 with @entity0 . Nanoparticle albumin-bound @entity1311 (nab- @entity4045 ) has been reported as highly effective and less toxic compared with @entity67203 -based @entity1311 . This phase II clinical trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with nab- @entity4045 followed by an @entity1259 plus @entity786 (EC)-based regimen for operable @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From June 2012 to January 2014, four cycles of every-3-week (q3w) nab- @entity4045 [plus q3w trastuzumab in cases of @entity1 epidermal growth factor 2 ( @entity1722 ) positivity] followed by four cycles of q3w EC were administered to @entity1 with operable @entity0 (stage IC-IIIA). The primary endpoint was the pCR rate (ypT0/TisypN0). RESULTS: A total of 55 @entity1 were enrolled, 54 of whom received at least one nab- @entity4045 dose. All @entity1 underwent radical surgery after chemotherapy. The overall pCR rate was 22.2% (p  =  0.006). The pCR rates for @entity1 with the luminal B, luminal/ @entity1722 , @entity1722 -rich, and triple-negative @entity0 subtypes were 10.5, 29.4, 60, and 15.4%, respectively. Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed only @entity1722 as a significant factor for pCR (odds ratio 5.603; p  =  0.024). The expression of secreted protein acidic and rich in @entity462 showed no association with pCR. The clinical response rate was 70.4% (38/54), and the safety profile was tolerable. CONCLUSION: Preoperative NAC with nab- @entity4045 followed by EC is effective and safe for operable @entity0 .

title: Preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy using nanoparticle albumin-bound @entity1311 followed by XXXX and @entity786 for operable @entity0 : a multicenter phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity67203 :: ('MESH:C022131', 'Chemical') :: ['Cremophor']

entities_list: @entity5948 :: ('D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Taxol']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['epirubicin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) is one of the most commonly used antiepileptic medications worldwide; it is also a popular mood stabilizer for use in @entity162 and @entity303 . This study assessed whether @entity2052 may potentiate metabolic side effects in @entity1 with @entity146 taking concomitant antipsychotics (APs). @entity2052 alone has been associated with @entity1017 , @entity2299 , @entity101 , and @entity6 . @entity1 with @entity146 , especially those on second-generation (atypical) APs, appear to be at increased risk of these metabolic effects. A secondary purpose was to determine if a linear dose-response relationship exists between the @entity2052 dose and adverse metabolic effects. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted using data collected on all @entity1 in the four state-operated @entity146 hospitals in Michigan using a comprehensive assessment instrument, the interRAI Mental Health. All @entity1 taking both @entity2052 and APs (n = 200) were compared to a control group of @entity1 taking APs without @entity2052 (n = 426). @entity1 were assessed for the presence of the following surrogate indicators of @entity209 : @entity1017 ; high body mass index (BMI greater than 30 kg/m(2)); very high BMI (BMI greater than 40 kg/m(2)); a diagnosis of @entity6 ; use of a prescribed statin medication; diagnosis of @entity407 or @entity2299 ; @entity101 ; or the combination of any three of these factors: high BMI, @entity407 or @entity2299 , @entity6 , and @entity101 . Analysis also included assessment of the effect of @entity2052 dosage on metabolic side effects. RESULTS: @entity1 in the @entity2052 plus APs group were 3.2 kg heavier than those in the APs group (P = 0.05) at baseline. Compared with the APs group, the @entity2052 plus APs group had a higher prevalence of high and very high BMI, @entity6 , @entity101 , and the combination of any three factors of high BMI, @entity407 / @entity2299 , @entity6 , and @entity101 . However, these differences were not statistically significant. Conversely, there was a slight but non-significant reduction in the prevalence of @entity1017 , prescribed statins, and @entity407 / @entity2299 in the @entity2052 plus APs group than the APs group. Finally, higher doses of @entity2052 were not found to be associated with a higher incidence of these metabolic side effects. CONCLUSION: Although the @entity1 on @entity2052 were slightly more than 3 kg heavier, @entity2052 did not appear to be associated with significant metabolic effects in @entity1 with @entity146 conditions taking typical and atypical APs. These metabolic effects also do not appear to be related to the dose of @entity2052 .

title: @entity1092 as a potentiator of XXXX in institutionalized residents on concomitant antipsychotics: fat chance, or slim to none?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity344 (AGI) is a common problem in the intensive care unit (ICU). This study is a review of the gastrointestinal function of @entity1 in critical care, with the aim to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of grading criteria developed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) Working Group on Abdominal Problems (WGAP). METHODS: Data of @entity1 who were admitted to the ICU of Shenzhen @entity1 's Hospital, Shenzhen, @entity1 's Republic of China, from January 2010 to December 2011 were reviewed. A total of 874 @entity1 were included into the current study. Their sex, age, ICU admissive causes, complication of @entity6 , AGI grade, primary or secondary AGI, mechanical ventilation (MV), and length of ICU stay (days) were recorded as risk factors of @entity204 . These risk factors were studied by unconditioned logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: All the risk factors affected mortality rate. Unconditional logistic regression analysis revealed that the mortality rate of secondary AGI was 71 times higher than primary AGI (odds ratio [OR] 4.335, 95% CI [1.652, 11.375]). When the age increased by one year, the mortality probability would increase fourfold. Mortality in @entity1 with MV was 63-fold higher than for @entity1 with non-MV. Mortality rate increased 0.978 times with each additional day of ICU stay. CONCLUSION: Secondary AGI caused by severe systemic conditions can result in worsened clinical outcomes. The 2012 ESICM WGAP AGI recommendations were to some extent feasible and effective in guiding clinical practices, but the grading system lacked the support of objective laboratory outcomes.

title: Acute XXXX in the intensive care unit: a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'People']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal injury']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal injury']


abstract: This study evaluates the antimicrobial resistance of pathogens cultured from 3'954 quarter milk samples from dairy @entity291 in Switzerland. A total of 1'228 @entity8211 (Strep.) uberis, 1'107 Staphylococcus (Staph.) spp. other than Staph. aureus, 598 coliform, 490 Staph. aureus, 270 Enterococcus spp. and 213 Strep. dysgalactiae isolates were tested for susceptibility to 9 antimicrobial drugs using agar diffusion. @entity8211 , Strep. dysgalactiae and Staph. aureus had the highest antimicrobial sensitivities to @entity10188 (99.6 %, 100 % and 98.8 %, respectively). Of all isolated pathogens, only 2.6 % were resistant to @entity10188 and 8.0 % to @entity2891 . The overall resistance level to @entity801 was 45.5 %, to @entity114 39.2 %, and to @entity869 26.7 %. The highest resistance levels occurred with @entity3272 (86.0 %), @entity6101 (64.7 %) and @entity6186 (53.7 %). Our results showed that at least one resistance exists to one antimicrobial agent examined in this study. Ideally the selection of the antibacterial drug for the treatment of intramammary infection should be based on antibiotic susceptibility testing.

title: Antimicrobial susceptibility of mastitis pathogens of dairy XXXX in Switzerland.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity6186 :: ('MESH:D008034', 'Chemical') :: ['lincomycin']

entities_list: @entity3272 :: ('MESH:D011113', 'Chemical') :: ['polymyxin']

entities_list: @entity6101 :: ('MESH:D010068', 'Chemical') :: ['oxacillin']

entities_list: @entity10188 :: ('MESH:D019980', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity8211 :: ('1349', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus uberis', 'Streptococcus']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity2891 :: ('MESH:D002438', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoperazone']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2299 frequently complicates chronic @entity8 and increases the risk of @entity65 . This might be ameliorated by drugs, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, which effectively reduce @entity644 . METHODS AND RESULTS: In this longitudinal study, we evaluated the extent to which uptitration of the @entity1289 inhibitor @entity3593 to maximum tolerated doses (median [range]: 30 [10 to 40] mg/d) ameliorated @entity644 and @entity2299 in 28 @entity1 with nondiabetic chronic @entity8 . Maximum @entity3593 doses significantly and safely reduced @entity644 , serum total, LDL @entity165 , and @entity1674 without substantially affecting serum HDL and renal hemodynamics. @entity644 already decreased at 10 mg/d. Serum lipids progressively and dose-dependently decreased during uptitration to maximum doses. Reduction in total and LDL @entity165 correlated with increases in serum albumin/total protein concentration and oncotic pressure, peaked at @entity3593 maximum doses, and persisted after treatment withdrawal. Despite less @entity644 reduction, @entity1007 decreased more (and reflected the increase in serum albumin) in hypoalbuminemic than in normoalbuminemic @entity1 who, despite more @entity644 reduction, had less decrease in @entity165 and no changes in serum albumin. Changes in serum @entity1674 were independent of changes in serum proteins, were strongly correlated with @entity3593 doses (r=-0.89, P=0.003) and recovered promptly after treatment withdrawal. @entity3593 was well tolerated, did not affect renal hemodynamics, and caused symptomatic, reversible @entity551 in only two @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In chronic @entity8 , @entity1289 inhibitor uptitration to maximum tolerated doses safely ameliorated @entity2298 by a direct, dose-dependent effect, and @entity1007 through amelioration of the @entity1985 , particularly in @entity1 with more severe @entity4988 .

title: Diverse effects of increasing XXXX doses on lipid abnormalities in chronic @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria', 'Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathies']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme', 'ACE']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia', 'Dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['Lisinopril', 'lisinopril']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['renal and cardiovascular events']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3593 :: (MESH:D017706,Chemical) :: ['lisinopril']


abstract: AIMS: This paper compares changes in visible and microbiological contamination on lamb carcasses dressed using one system which includes process factors previously identified as potential critical control points for HACCP-based approaches to @entity10281 and dressing, and another system which excludes those factors. METHODS: Longitudinal changes in microbiological and visible contamination of lamb carcasses were quantified in two slaughterhouses, one utilising clean, shorn, unwashed @entity742 in an inverted dressing system, the other utilising dirty, woolly, washed @entity742 in a traditional dressing system. Excision samples (5 cm2 each) for microbiological analyses were taken from two sites on 25 carcasses per treatment group immediately after pelting, at the completion of dressing, after overnight chilling and after boning and packaging. Visible contamination on the surface of 300 carcasses per treatment group was assessed after pelting and after overnight chilling. RESULTS: Mean aerobic plate counts and @entity526 counts on the leg and loin in the inverted dressing system were low after pelting (log10/cm2 1.86 and 1.71; log10/cm2 0.13 and 0.05 respectively) but generally showed statistically significant increases through to final packaging. In the conventional dressing system, there were much higher counts on the leg and loin after pelting (log10/cm2 4.66 and 2.71; log10/cm2 2.21 and 0.24 respectively), but subsequent handling of the carcass by slaughter line workers had no measurable deleterious effects. The inverted dressing system resulted in final mean aerobic plate counts on meat at packaging that were 1.38% (leg) and 48.98% (loin) of those derived from the conventional dressing system. Mean @entity526 counts from the inverted system were 21.37% (leg) and 67.61% (loin) of those from the conventional system. There was an inverse relationship between the prevalence of carcasses with visible faecal contamination and their microbiological status. CONCLUSION: Significant reductions in microbiological contamination of @entity742 carcasses can be brought about by HACCP-based systems. Possible critical control points are pre-slaughter presentation status (including avoidance of pre-slaughter washing), inverted dressing, handling by slaughter line workers and meat inspectors, and chilling. Use of levels of @entity227 as an on-line monitoring parameter for slaughter hygiene can give erroneous results. Interactions between different process steps may alter the effectiveness of the HACCP plan, and successful design and application depends on a detailed knowledge of the specific process utilised in each slaughterhouse.

title: A HACCP-based approach to XXXX and dressing of lamb carcasses.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual faecal contamination']

entities_list: @entity10281 :: ('MESH:D020920', 'Disease') :: ['hygienic slaughter']

answer: @entity10281 :: (MESH:D020920,Disease) :: ['hygienic slaughter']


abstract: OBJECT: The authors assessed the efficacy of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) for nonfunctioning @entity977 (NPAs) by sequential quantitative determinations of @entity5 volume and neurological and endocrinological follow-up examinations. METHODS: Through May of 2000, 45 @entity1 with NPA were treated by GKS. Complete neurological and endocrinological follow-up information was obtained. In 30 @entity1 (67%), follow-up examinations included stereotactic magnetic resonance imaging involving the GammaPlan software for sequential measurements of the NPA volume. These @entity1 constitute the basis of this study. Sequential volume measurements after GKS were compared with initial @entity5 volumes at the date of GKS to quantify the therapeutic result. All data were stored prospectively in a computerized database. The median dose to the @entity5 margin was 16 Gy (range 11-20 Gy). The mean prescription isodose was 55% (range 45-75%). All except one @entity1 (97%) underwent surgery for NPA before GKS. Fractionated radiotherapy was not administered. Median follow up after GKS was 55 months (range 28-86 months). The actuarial long-term recurrence-free survival was 93% with respect to a single GKS and 100% if a repeated GKS was included. Neurological side effects were not detected. The actuarial risk of radiosurgery-induced @entity16 was calculated to be 14% after 6 years. The volumetric analysis revealed a temporary swelling of the NPA in four @entity1 , followed by shrinkage of the lesion. This is the first time this has been observed in @entity977 . CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative GKS for residual or recurrent small fragments of NPAs is effective and safe. With regard to the issues of radioprotection and therapeutic morbidity, it seems superior to fractionated radiotherapy. Quantification of @entity5 reduction is a valuable tool for documenting a therapeutic response and for identifying @entity5 recurrence. As part of a radiosurgical standard protocol, the follow-up examination for NPAs should include @entity5 volumetric analysis.

title: Efficacy of gamma knife radiosurgery for nonfunctioning XXXX : a quantitative follow up with magnetic resonance imaging-based volumetric analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary damage']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the auditory electrophysiological characteristics of the @entity2167 . METHODS: Ten @entity1 were diagnosed as @entity2167 . The history, pure tone audiometry, stapedial reflex, auditory brainstem response, electrocochleogram, distortion product otoacoustic emission and his contralateral suppression of white noise, middle latency response and slow cortical response were assessed. Five @entity1 were investigated with brain CT or MRI. RESULTS: The @entity1 were of both genders. The average age was 20.3 years old and most of them were teenagers. Nine @entity1 complained of bilaterally hearing impairment, while one @entity1 who did not complain of @entity393 had a @entity2169 . The pure tone audiogram showed a middle or moderate @entity1274 at low frequencies 0.5 kHz and/or 0.25 kHz in nineteen ears but a normal audiogram in one ear. Stapedial reflex was absent in nineteen ears, and threshold elevated in one ear while his pure tone audiogram revealed an ascending curve. Auditory brainstem response cannot be recorded or only wave V or/and wave I presented. All of the @entity1 were evoked a distortion product OAE, which cannot be suppressed by contralateral white noise. Electrocochleogram demonstrated AP absent or very small amplitude in most ear and the--SP amplitude were 0.595 microV, while they had a normal slow cortical response but except one @entity1 presented normal middle latency response. The findings of CT or MRI were normal. CONCLUSION: The pure tone audiogram could preserve unchanged at early stage of @entity2167 , but their stapedial reflex and auditory brainstem response are absent or threshold elevated. The precise pathologic site of this disorder is yet to be defined, but it may locate in the auditory system below brainstem.

title: [Audiological characteristics of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['auditory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus of both ears']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity2167 :: (MESH:D006311,Disease) :: ['auditory neuropathy']


abstract: Through the screening of DNA @entity66622 ( @entity66622 ) inhibitors, a new cytotoxic agent, BPR0Y007 [ @entity67299 ], was identified. BPR0Y007 was less potent than @entity9800 ( @entity1191 ) in the inhibition of @entity66622 in vitro. Also, in vitro data showed that BPR0Y007 induces DNA cleavage in the presence of @entity66622 at micromolar concentrations, with a cleavage specificity similar to that of @entity1191 . High concentrations of BPR0Y007 did not produce detectable DNA unwinding, suggesting that BPR0Y007 is not a DNA intercalator. However, BPR0Y007 displaced @entity5956 dye, suggesting that BPR0Y007 binds to DNA at the Hoechst 33342 binding site. Furthermore, BPR0Y007 generated protein-linked DNA breaks in a cell-based study. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that the cell cycle effect of BPR0Y007 differs from that of @entity1191 . Cells accumulated in the S-phase when treated with high concentrations of @entity1191 , whereas cells accumulated gradually in the G(2)/M phase when treated with increasing concentrations of BPR0Y007. Further studies showed that BPR0Y007 inhibits tubulin polymerization in vivo and in vitro, and induces apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. No cross-resistance with BPR0Y007 was observed in @entity1191 -, @entity2879 -, or @entity1891 -resistant cell lines. The IC(50) of BPR0Y007 for various @entity1 @entity5 cell lines ranged from 1 to 8 microM. Taken together, these results suggest that BPR0Y007 acts on both @entity66622 and tubulin. Given its unique biochemical mechanisms of action, BPR0Y007 warrants exploration as an antitumor compound.

title: Dual inhibition of XXXX and tubulin polymerization by BPR0Y007, a novel cytotoxic agent.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity66622 :: ('7150', 'Gene') :: ['Top I', 'topoisomerase I']

entities_list: @entity67299 :: ('MESH:C488183', 'Chemical') :: ['2,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)cyclopentanone']

entities_list: @entity9800 :: ('MESH:D002166', 'Chemical') :: ['camptothecin']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity66622 :: (7150,Gene) :: ['topoisomerase I']


abstract: One of the important properties of probiotics is the ability to survive in the intestine. There have been few studies on the probiotic property of lactococci, since they are formally not considered to be natural inhabitants of the intestine. To evaluate lactococci as probiotic bacteria, we investigated their ability to survive during gastric transit by in vitro and in vivo tests. When exposed to an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal environment, such as low pH and bile, only @entity22370 N7 showed a moderate survival rate among the four strains tested. The tested strains were orally administered to @entity19 , and intestinal passage of the ingested strains was monitored by two methods: antibiotics and PCR. Viable cells of strain N7 were recovered from feces within 24-48 h after administration but not at 72 h. @entity26135 @entity26135 , which had a poor survival rate in vitro test, was also detected at 12 h but not at 24 h. These results indicate that lactococci can reach the @entity19 intestine alive, but not colonize it. If administered daily, viable strain N7 may exist continuously in the intestine. The effect of strain N7 on intestinal microbial balance and on @entity4409 will be the subject of a further study.

title: Survival of lactococci during passage through XXXX digestive tract.

entities_list: @entity22370 :: ('44688', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis bv. diacetylactis']

entities_list: @entity4409 :: ('MESH:D000820', 'Disease') :: ['animal health']

entities_list: @entity26135 :: ('1359', 'Species') :: ['ATCC 19257', 'Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity43 of low malignant potential (LMPs) are intermediate between @entity652 and @entity43 ( @entity43 ); however, whether an LMP is a precursor of OC or is a unique type of @entity5 that will not progress to OC is still controversial. To gain better insight into the relationship between LMP and OC, we compared proliferative and apoptotic activity and @entity5 size in 50 cases of LMP and 27 cases of OC. We employed immunohistochemical staining with Ki-67 and apoptotic labeling was based on the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity9342 nick-end labeling. The average @entity5 size observed in mucinous LMP was significantly larger than that in mucinous OC (p = 0.014). In contrast, there was no difference in @entity5 size between serous OC and serous LMP. The average Ki-67 @entity894 ( @entity894 ) in mucinous OC was significantly higher than that in mucinous LMP (p = 0.028). There was no difference between serous OC and serous LMP in the Ki-67 @entity894 . There was also no difference in apoptotic indeed (AI) between OC and LMP, irrespective of histological subtype. A significant positive relationship between the Ki-67 @entity894 and @entity5 size was observed in mucinous LMP (R = 0.516, p = 0.0003). Interestingly, the Ki-67 @entity894 was inversely correlated with @entity5 size in mucinous OC (R = 0.570, p = 0.0317). Significant positive correlations between Ki-67 @entity894 and @entity5 size were observed in both serous LMP and serous OC (R = 0.707, p = 0.0488, R = 0.789, p = 0.0168, respectively). No association was seen between AI and @entity5 size in LMP and OC, irrespective of histological subtype. The different associations between proliferative activity and @entity5 size in the mucinous subtype of LMP and OC suggest that mucinous LMPs may not be precursors of mucinous @entity43 . In contrast, the similar associations of proliferative activity with @entity5 size in the serous subtype of LMP and OC suggest that serous LMPs may be precursors of serous @entity43 .

title: The proliferative activity of @entity43 of low malignant potential differs from that of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinomas', 'OCs', 'Ovarian tumors']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labeling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity9342 :: ('MESH:C027078', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyuridine triphosphate']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: The optimum treatment conditions of @entity3027 therapy in @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) are still controversial. To evaluate the role of @entity1862 (HU) for the outcome of IFN therapy, we conducted a randomized trial to compare the combination of IFN and HU vs HU monotherapy ( @entity1860 -study II). From February 1991 to December 1994, 376 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1860 in chronic phase were randomized. In all, 340 @entity1 were Ph/ @entity1861 positive and evaluable. Randomization was unbalanced 1:2 in favor of the combination therapy, since study conditions were identical to the previous @entity1860 -study I and it had been planned in advance to add the HU @entity1 of study I (n=194) to the HU control group. Therefore, a total of 534 @entity1 were evaluable (226 @entity1 with IFN/HU and 308 @entity1 with HU). Analyses were according to intention-to-treat. Median observation time of nontransplanted living @entity1 was 7.6 years (7.9 years for IFN/HU and 7.3 years for HU). The risk profile (new @entity1860 score) was available for 532 @entity1 : 200 @entity1 (38%) were low, 239 @entity1 (45%) intermediate, and 93 @entity1 (17%) high risk. Complete hematologic response rates were higher in IFN/HU-treated @entity1 (59 vs 32%). Of 169 evaluable IFN/HU-treated @entity1 (75%), 104 @entity1 (62%) achieved a cytogenetic response that was complete in 12% (n=21), major in 14% (n=24), and at least minimal in 35% (n=59). Of the 534 @entity1 , 105 (20%) underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation in first chronic phase. In the low-risk group, 65 of 200 @entity1 were transplanted (33%), 30 (13%) in the intermediate-risk group, and nine (10%) in the high-risk group. Duration of chronic phase was 55 months for IFN/HU and 41 months for HU (P<0.0001). Median survival was 64 months for IFN/HU and 53 months for HU-treated @entity1 (P=0.0063). We conclude that IFN in combination with HU achieves a significant long-term survival advantage over HU monotherapy. In view of the data of @entity1860 -study I, these results suggest that IFN/HU is also superior to IFN alone. HU should be combined with IFN in IFN-based therapies and for comparisons with new therapies.

title: Randomized comparison of interferon alpha and @entity1862 with @entity1862 monotherapy in @entity1860 ( @entity1860 -study II): prolongation of survival by the combination of interferon alpha and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3027 :: ('3439', 'Gene') :: ['interferon (IFN) alpha']

answer: @entity1862 :: (MESH:D006918,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyurea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We examined the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and prognosis of pediatric @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan over a 35   year period. METHODS: We collected the medical records of 37 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1252 between 1977 and 2013. These @entity1 were divided into two groups. group 1 consisted of 19 @entity1 who were diagnosed between 1977 and 1995, and group 2 consisted of 18 @entity1 diagnosed between 1996 and 2013. The epidemiology, clinical features, and prognosis were retrospectively compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The mean number of @entity1 per 100   000 @entity1 per year for group 1 and group 2 was 0.33        0.25 and 0.35        0.30, respectively. The duration from onset of symptoms to treatment in group 2 was shorter than that in group 1, but the clinical and laboratory findings at onset did not differ between the two groups. All @entity1 were treated with @entity617 , and 17 @entity1 in group 1 and 18 in group 2 were treated with @entity1667 pulse therapy. The frequency of @entity786 treatment decreased whereas the frequency of @entity205 , @entity1140 and @entity20771 pulse therapy increased in group 2. @entity1252 disease activity index (SLEDAI) score at the latest follow up in group 2 was lower in group 1. The survival rate was 84% in group 1 and 100% in group 2. CONCLUSION: The frequency and severity of @entity1252 in group 1 were similar to those in group 2, and the prognosis of @entity1252 in group 2 was better than that in group 1.

title: Incidence and prognosis of XXXX in a 35   year period in Fukushima, Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity20771 :: ('MESH:C010052', 'Chemical') :: ['mizoribine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Female basketball players are more likely to tear their anterior cruciate ligament than are their male counterparts. Many causes are postulated for the difference observed in the rate of @entity1347 between genders. However, little is known about the differences in tears within gender. HYPOTHESIS: The rate of @entity1347 is different in White European American female basketball players and non-White European American players. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study (Prevalence); Level of evidence, 2. METHODS: The authors investigated the differences in @entity1347 by risk exposure in @entity1 of different racial or ethnic backgrounds playing in the @entity1 's National Basketball Association for the 1999 through 2003 seasons. Using the injury surveillance data from the @entity1 's National Basketball Association, the authors compared anterior cruciate @entity130 in White European American and non-White European American players to determine differences in the rate of @entity1347 between racial groups. RESULTS: The anterior cruciate ligament tear rate for White European American players was 0.45 per 1000 athletic exposures, whereas for non-White European American players (black or African American, Hispanic, and Asian players) the rate was 0.07. The odds ratio of @entity1347 in White European American versus non-White European American players was 6.55 (95% confidence interval, 1.35-31.73). CONCLUSION: Our retrospective study shows that the anterior cruciate ligament tear rate for White European American players was 0.45 per 1000 athletic exposures, whereas tear rates in the @entity1 's National Basketball Association vary by racial group, with White European American players having more than 6 times the anterior cruciate ligament tear rate of other ethnic groups combined. Further prospective studies of athletes are needed to validate this finding and shed light on possible reasons.

title: The anterior cruciate ligament tear rate varies by race in professional XXXX 's basketball.

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior cruciate ligament tears']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ligament injuries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 is the leading cause of @entity5 -related mortality in @entity1 worldwide. @entity409 is involved in upwards of 30% of cases with @entity0 , and results in poor outcomes with median survival rates of only 4.8 - 15 months. Current rodent models of @entity0 , including primary @entity5 cell xenograft and spontaneous @entity5 models, rarely metastasize to the liver. Intracardiac and intrasplenic injection models do result in liver @entity3 , however these models can be confounded by concomitant secondary-site @entity3 , or by compromised immunity due to removal of the spleen to avoid @entity5 growth at the injection site. To address the need for improved liver @entity3 models, a @entity19 portal vein injection method that delivers @entity5 cells firstly and directly to the liver was developed. This model delivers @entity5 cells to the liver without complications of concurrent @entity3 in other organs or removal of the spleen. The optimized portal vein protocol employs small injection volumes of 5 - 10  l, >=  32 gauge needles, and hemostatic gauze at the injection site to control for @entity190 . The portal vein injection approach in Balb/c female @entity19 using three syngeneic @entity5 lines of varying metastatic potential was tested; high-metastatic 4T1 cells, moderate-metastatic D2A1 cells, and low-metastatic D2.OR cells. Concentrations of <=  10,000 cells/injection results in a latency of ~ 20 - 40 days for development of liver @entity3 with the higher metastatic 4T1 and D2A1 lines, and > 55 days for the less aggressive D2.OR line. This model represents an important tool to study @entity0 to the liver, and may be applicable to other @entity5 that frequently metastasize to the liver including colorectal and pancreatic @entity420 .

title: A Portal Vein Injection Model to Study Liver Metastasis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer metastasis', 'Breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'mammary tumor']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: Background. @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is a serious complication of long-term dialysis treatment. Two intervention methods can be administered to treat @entity8 , namely percutaneous @entity1068 injection therapy (PEIT) and a parathyroidectomy (PTx). PEIT is associated with a significant adverse event, adhesion formation. This study was performed to investigate the effect of PEIT on subsequent PTx. Methods. A total of 80 subjects were included in the study. The @entity1 had a diagnosis of @entity8 for which surgery was indicated. They were divided according to whether they underwent PEIT (PEIT group) or not (non-PEIT group). The outcomes of PTx following PEIT were evaluated. Results. There were 19 @entity1 in the PEIT group and 61 in the non-PEIT group. The operation time was significantly longer in the PEIT group but no significant differences in the amount of @entity548 or frequency of recurrent @entity2895 were observed. The intact @entity461 levels immediately following surgery were slightly higher in the PEIT group. The postoperative intact @entity461 levels were found to be significantly higher in those who received two or more courses of PEIT. The number of @entity1 with an intact @entity461 level >60 pg/ml on postoperative Day 1 was significantly higher in the PEIT group. Conclusions. These findings suggested that PEIT prior to PTx can affect the subsequent surgical outcome due to associated adhesions and dissemination. For @entity1 with a possibility of either a decreased efficacy or a lack of efficacy for PEIT, it is therefore important to consider PTx from the very beginning of the treatment.

title: Effects of percutaneous XXXX injection therapy on subsequent surgical parathyroidectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['RHPT', 'Renal hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['nerve paralysis']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']