abstract: @entity2951 -induced inactivation of sensory neurons has been reported to enhance @entity3 of a @entity19 @entity0 cell line, specifically enhancing myocardial metastases. Here we characterized changes in gene expression patterns in @entity5 which developed in @entity2951 -treated vs. control @entity19 . We identified a small cohort of genes (17) which all showed significant decreases in expression levels. All of the identified genes have been linked to cell growth, differentiation, and/or @entity5 progression. Three representative genes, Caspase-7 (an executor of apoptosis), ADAM-10 (A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease), and @entity2498 -3 (a transcriptional repressor of the ternary factor subfamily of the Ets factors) were further investigated. All three showed dramatic downregulation at the protein level in @entity5 from @entity2951 -treated animals compared with control (vehicle-treated) animals, and their expression was also lost in cell culture. @entity2498 -3 and Caspase-7 were not expressed in vitro in cultured cell lines, suggesting that their expression was induced by the @entity5 microenvironment. Loss of Caspase-7 expression can be expected to result in loss of function of apoptotic pathways. At first glance, loss of ADAM-10 expression would be expected to result in decreased invasive capability, due to loss of matrix metalloprotease activity. However, just the opposite appears to be true. We found that ADAM-10 actually hydrolyzes Substance P. Specifically ADAM-10 produces the same growth-inhibitory products from Substance P (i.e., SP (1-7)) that Neprilysin does, so that loss of ADAM-10 expression actually results in loss of production of growth inhibitory peptides from Substance P. Similarly, ADAM-10 also efficiently hydrolyzes @entity175 Gene-Related Peptide, which may act in concert with Substance P. Finally, overactivity of Ets transcriptional suppressor functions has been linked to inhibition of tumorigenesis (e.g., Erf and Mef), and in addition loss of @entity2498 -3 expression might also be be linked to tumorigenesis via loss of its putative anti-inflammatory activities. There is anecdotal evidence in the literature to indicate that the rest of the down-regulated genes may also contribute to development of a more @entity146 phenotype in this @entity0 model.

title: @entity2951 -induced inactivation of sensory neurons promotes a more XXXX gene expression phenotype in @entity0 cells.

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['Capsaicin', 'capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggressive']


abstract: Ageing and @entity409 are associated with ultrastructural changes in the hepatic sinusoid. Because of the possibility that reactive @entity26 species could mediate these processes, we examined the effect of acute oxidative stress on the ultrastructure of the intact liver. @entity35 livers were perfused ex vivo, in situ with @entity273 via the portal vein. The livers were then fixed and the ultrastructure of the liver tissue examined with transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of @entity273 were largely confined to the perisinusoidal areas. The sinusoidal endothelial cells became swollen and more porous, with large gaps replacing sieve plates. The space of Disse showed an increase in volume and the density of hepatocyte projections decreased. Kupffer cell activation was noted. Little or no ultrastructural change was observed within the hepatocytes. @entity66 delivered via the portal vein dramatically alters the ultrastructure of the perisinusoidal regions of the liver. This process may contribute to the pathogenesis of disease and age-related changes in the liver.

title: The effect of acute oxidative stress on the ultrastructure of the perfused XXXX liver.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Oxidative stress']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: We have demonstrated previously that the @entity137 of @entity45057 (hmdUrd) to @entity3569 fibroblasts (V79 cells) results from enzymatic removal of large numbers of @entity28576 residues from the DNA backbone [Boorstein,R. et al. (1992) Mol. Cell. Biol., 12, 5536-5540]. Here we report that a significant portion of the hmdUrd-induced cell death that is dependent on DNA base excision repair in V79 cells is apoptosis. Incubation of V79 cells with pharmacologically relevant concentrations of hmdUrd resulted in the characteristic changes of apoptosis as measured by gel electrophoresis, flow cytometry and phase contrast microscopy. However, hmdUrd did not induce apoptosis in V79mut1 cells, which are deficient in DNA base excision repair of @entity28576 (hmUra). Apoptosis was not prevented by addition of @entity13339 , which inhibits synthesis of @entity12874 from @entity2125 , indicating that apoptosis was not the direct consequence of @entity2125 depletion. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis indicated that hmdUrd treatment resulted in high molecular weight (2.2-4.5 Mb) DNA double-strand breaks prior to formation of internucleosomal ladders in V79 cells. Simultaneous measurement of DNA strand breaks with @entity1603 /terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase- @entity2822 labeling and of cell cycle distribution indicated that cells with DNA strand breaks accumulated in late S/G(2) and that hmdUrd-treated cells underwent apoptosis after arrest in late S/G(2) phase. Our results indicate that excessive DNA base excision repair results in the generation of high molecular weight DNA double-strand breaks and eventually leads to apoptosis in V79 cells. Thus, delayed apoptosis following DNA damage can be a consequence of excessive DNA repair activity. Immunochemical analysis showed that both V79 and V79mut1 cells contained mutant @entity44161 , indicating that apoptosis induced by DNA base excision repair can be independent of @entity44161 .

title: Excessive base excision repair of @entity28576 from DNA induces apoptosis in XXXX V79 cells containing mutant @entity44161 .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity28576 :: ('MESH:C008055', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxymethyluracil', 'hydroxymethyluracil']

entities_list: @entity45057 :: ('MESH:C018080', 'Chemical') :: ["5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine"]

entities_list: @entity12874 :: ('MESH:D011064', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ADP-ribose)']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity13339 :: ('MESH:C025160', 'Chemical') :: ['3-aminobenzamide']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

answer: @entity3569 :: (10029,Species) :: ['Chinese hamster']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety of high-dose IV narcotics in @entity1 requiring @entity1337 for @entity158 emergency department procedures. DESIGN: Prospective multicenter clinical trial. SETTING: Five adult urban EDs. METHODS AND MEASUREMENTS: All @entity1 received IV @entity6882 (1.5 to 3.0 mg/kg) titrated to @entity1337 followed by a @entity158 procedure. Vital signs and alertness scale were recorded at regular intervals, and @entity1 were observed for four hours. Adverse events were monitored and documented. Comparisons between baseline and postanalgesia intervals were made with a repeated measures ANOVA (Dunnett's test). RESULTS: Although statistically significant changes in vital signs and alertness scale occurred, they were not clinically significant. Opiate reversal with @entity1510 was not needed in any @entity1 , and no significant respiratory or circulatory compromise occurred. CONCLUSION: This study of 72 @entity1 demonstrates that high-dose narcotic @entity1337 is appropriate, well tolerated, and safe when used in selected @entity1 before @entity158 procedures in the @entity2613 . Narcotic antagonists and resuscitation equipment nonetheless should be available to maximize safety.

title: Safety assessment of high-dose narcotic XXXX for emergency department procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: PURPOSE: An @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ) is the preferred vascular access for hemodialysis and is associated with lower mortality, morbidity and cost when compared with grafts and particularly with central venous dialysis catheters. This study reviews a series of new @entity1 where an autogenous access was constructed for each individual utilizing surgeon-performed ultrasound (SP-US). METHODS: Consecutive new @entity1 referred for a permanent vascular access during an 11-year period were retrospectively reviewed. In addition to physical examination, each @entity1 underwent SP-US evaluation for pre-operative vessel mapping and post-operative evaluation for access maturation. SP-US was also used in the evaluation of @entity409 in mature AVFs. RESULTS: We identified 1874 @entity1 . Ages were 8-94 years (mean 60 years). Of these, 51% were female and 59% were @entity6 ; 33% had previous failed access operations. Follow-up was 3-127 months (mean 23 months). An autogenous access was constructed for each individual. No grafts were used. Direct AVFs were constructed in 1240 (66%) @entity1 and 634 (34%) individuals required a transposition or translocation procedure. Primary and cumulative patency rates were 60.0% and 93.0% at 12 months and 47.3% and 90.2% at 24 months, respectively. @entity2548 arterial inflow was most commonly supplied by the proximal radial artery (67%). CONCLUSIONS: Creating a functional autogenous vascular access is possible for most @entity1 . No grafts were used in this series of 1874 consecutive new @entity1 . Important elements for success included SP-US evaluation, utilization of the many vascular access options available, establishing radial artery @entity2548 inflow when feasible, and prompt intervention when indicated.

title: Creating XXXX using surgeon-performed ultrasound.

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVF', 'arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['access dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistulas']


abstract: Lead exerts significant toxic effects on the nervous system, the hematopoietic system and the kidney. Specific cellular sites of action of this environmental pollutant have not been elucidated in the central nervous system. The present investigations were conducted to test the hypothesis that lead exposure perturbs glucocorticoid-mediated events in central nervous system hormonal target tissues. Utilizing the C6 @entity11 cell culture model in these studies, @entity4738 binding to its cytosolic receptor was investigated. Receptor binding studies yielded a Kd= 10.5 +/- 0.5 nM and a Bmax = 486 +/- 27 fmol/mg protein in untreated cells versus a Kd = 23.1 +/- 2.6 nM and Bmax = 472 +/- 35 fmol/mg protein in cells exposed to 10 microM @entity10222 for 24 h. Presence of lead in these glial cells may decrease affinity of the glucocorticoid for its receptor without affecting receptor number. Treatment with 10 microM @entity10222 for 48 h, resulted in a significant reduction in glucocorticoid-regulated @entity17864 dehydrogenase (GPDH) specific activity. These effects were not due to cell cytotoxicity assessed as cell number growth curves, @entity665 incorporation or @entity3460 exclusion. In @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) activity assays, treatment of cells with @entity1372 or @entity10222 and @entity619 indicated that both lead and @entity619 affect the distribution of @entity7131 . In lead-treated cells cytosolic @entity7131 activity was reduced 48% when compared to @entity13101 treated controls. Taken together, these results suggest that acute exposure of C6 cells to lead may inhibit processes involved in glucocorticoid-mediated signal transduction events within central nervous system hormonal target cells. Lead may perturb initial glucocorticoid binding events possibly by affecting @entity7131 -mediated phosphorylations in the glucocorticoid signal transduction system.

title: The acute effect of @entity10222 on XXXX binding in C6 @entity11 cells.

entities_list: @entity13101 :: ('MESH:D019346', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium acetate']

entities_list: @entity4738 :: ('2908', 'Gene') :: ['glucocorticoid receptor']

entities_list: @entity17864 :: ('CHEBI:26707', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol phosphate']

entities_list: @entity10222 :: ('MESH:C008261', 'Chemical') :: ['lead acetate']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

answer: @entity4738 :: (2908,Gene) :: ['glucocorticoid receptor']


abstract: We analyzed treatment outcomes for @entity189 in a single institute. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1992 to 2002, 82 @entity1 with @entity5 were treated. Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall and disease-free survival were calculated. The log-rank test was used to determine significant prognostic determinants of overall and disease-free survival. RESULTS: @entity1 received one of three regimens: radiotherapy alone (n = 19), radiotherapy with concurrent @entity3003 (n = 46), or radiotherapy with concurrent @entity900 (n = 17). Fifty-seven percent of @entity1 had their radiotherapy planned using fluoroscopy-based methods. Overall, 93.9% of @entity1 received all prescribed radiotherapy. Response rate to treatment was 98.7%. Three-year disease-free survival and overall survival rates for all @entity1 were 69.0% and 65%, respectively. Five @entity1 had late grade 3-4 @entity137 . There were no treatment-related @entity204 . Twenty-four percent of @entity1 were hospitalized during treatment, and 72.6% lost < or = 9.9% of pretreatment weight. Forty-two percent of failures were local and 27.3% were distant. Ninety percent of @entity204 were @entity189 -related. Disease stage was the only significant predictor of overall survival. DISCUSSION: At our center, treatments given for @entity189 from 1992 to 2002 had acceptable @entity137 rates. Further follow-up of @entity1 treated with modern radiotherapy planning methods and chemotherapy regimens is needed to compare our institutional results with other published outcomes with more validity.

title: Treatment of @entity189 in the modern era: analysis of outcomes and XXXX from a single center in a nonendemic area.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The majority of @entity1 with @entity1723 has autoantibodies to insulin, @entity367 decarboxylase and the @entity669 phosphatase-like protein @entity9217 . Some @entity1 with @entity1723 , in particular with adult onset @entity6 , have, however, only cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies that could be directed to as yet unknown beta cell autoantigens. Recently, one potential antigen, @entity32093 , was identified as the high mobility group (HMG) box transcription factor @entity32093 . Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of autoantibodies to @entity32093 for @entity12011 . METHODS: Full-length @entity32093 was cloned from @entity1 brain mRNA, expressed by vitro transcription/ translation and used to detect autoantibodies by immunoprecipitation and radioligand assay in @entity1 suffering from @entity12011 or non-organ-specific @entity792 . RESULTS: We found @entity32093 antibodies to be present in 11 of 125 (8.8%) @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1723 and in 3 of 43 (7.0%) @entity1 with latent @entity12011 in adults. There was no association with age, sex and a particular pattern of @entity6 -specific autoantibodies. Similar frequencies of @entity32093 antibodies were found in 84 @entity1 with @entity627 (4.0-11.4%) and 211 healthy control subjects (5.2 %). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Our data indicate that @entity32093 represents a minor target of autoantibodies in @entity1 with @entity12011 . Because @entity32093 antibodies were found not to be disease-specific, we assume they are not helpful in improving the diagnosis and prediction of @entity1723 .

title: Autoantibodies to @entity32093 ( @entity32093 ) are not specific for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity12011 :: ('MESH:C565730', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['Type I diabetes', 'Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['Type I diabetes']


abstract: Cytokeratins (CK) are one of the main families of intermediate filaments which make up the cytoskeleton. @entity4166 is strongly expressed by normal simple bronchial and respiratory epithelium as well as by their malignant counterpart. Although @entity4166 is a part of the cytoskeleton, a soluble fragment of this polypeptide can be released and assayed in the blood as CYFRA 21-1, new sensitive and valuable marker of @entity1149 . In some cases, however, discrepancies between the serum level of CYFRA 21-1 and presence of @entity5 and its histological type have been observed. We studied immunohistochemically tissue localization of @entity4166 in @entity5 and non invaded lung parenchyma in a series of 34 @entity1 surgically treated due to @entity2 . CK 19 was detected in @entity5 cells as well as in non neoplastic epithelium covering bronchial tree and alveolar surfaces. We found a different expression of @entity4166 in different histological type of @entity5 . The most intensive expression revealed @entity957 and @entity420 . @entity5 revealed poor expression of @entity4166 . In non invaded parts of the resected lungs we found the strong expression of @entity4166 in the cytoplasm of regenerative II type pneumocytes occurring in large quantity in the cases of @entity82 concomitant with some @entity5 . We suggest it may be a cause of unexpectedly elevated serum levels of CYFRA 19-21 in some not oncological @entity1 or @entity1 with @entity151 .

title: Immunohistochemical analysis of tissue localization of XXXX in @entity2 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Small cell cancer', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity4166 :: (3880,Gene) :: ['cytokeratin 19']


abstract: Modulation of aberrant cell cycle regulation is a potential therapeutic strategy applicable to a wide range of @entity5 types. @entity46322 is a novel cell cycle inhibitor that showed potent inhibition of several cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) and Aurora kinases and selectively blocked proliferation of @entity5 cells of various origins but was about 10-fold less effective at inhibiting normal @entity1 cell growth in vitro. In @entity1 @entity5 cells, treatment with @entity46322 inhibited cell growth independent of @entity876 , @entity995 , or P-glycoprotein status; activated apoptosis; and reduced colony formation. At low concentrations, @entity46322 slowed the growth of cells and at higher concentrations induced @entity137 . Inhibition of @entity10610 kinase activity, altered @entity10610 phosphorylation status, and interference with downstream substrates such as @entity995 were also shown in @entity1 @entity5 cells following drug treatment. Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content showed that @entity46322 delayed progression through G1 and arrested the cell cycle at the G2-M phase. Additional cellular effects due to inhibition of Aurora kinases included endoreduplication and inhibition of histone H3 phosphorylation. In a @entity1 @entity5 xenograft model, several intermittent dosing schedules were identified that produced significant antitumor activity. There was a direct correlation between total cumulative dose given and antitumor effect regardless of the dosing schedule. These results show the therapeutic potential of this novel cell cycle inhibitor and support clinical evaluation of @entity46322 .

title: The in vitro and in vivo effects of XXXX : a dual inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases and aurora kinases.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity46322 :: (MESH:C506121,Chemical) :: ['JNJ-7706621']


abstract: The authors experienced two elderly @entity1 of @entity1528 associated with @entity385 and @entity6 . The first @entity1 was a 66-year-old female who was admitted to our hospital for rehabilitation with a complaint of knee @entity158 . She had suffered from @entity6 since she was 30 years old and @entity385 since age 62. Two months after admission, she had an episode of @entity1661 and obstructive symptoms. The roentgenograms of her abdomen showed diffuse dilatation of the colon. The second @entity1 was a 78-year-old female admitted to our hospital with complaints of @entity490 , distension of the @entity391 . Her abdomen was severely distended and plain roentgenograms of the abdomen, X-ray studies of the colon with the aid of contrast medium and CT scan of the abdomen showed striking dilatation of the colon. @entity1528 may be congenital or acquired, and in acquired forms the conditions are secondary to organic diseases, smooth @entity2057 , @entity16 , @entity31 or psychogenic origin (idiopathic). The two @entity1 in this series were suffered from @entity385 and @entity6 . The mechanisms of @entity1528 seen in these two @entity1 are not known, but involvement of the visceral autonomic innervation is presumed. Some elderly @entity1 have chronic @entity1142 , and dilatation of the colon may not be uncommon due to underlying diseases or drugs. Therefore, when examining elderly @entity1 , careful attention should be paid to their bowel movement.

title: [Two elderly cases of @entity1528 associated with XXXX and @entity6 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1528 :: ('MESH:D008531', 'Disease') :: ['Megacolon', 'megacolon']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic and neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distension']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['abdomen and vomiting']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['multiple cerebral infarction', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['cerebral infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High risk, unfavorable @entity978 ( @entity978 ) includes those @entity1 with primary refractory or early relapse, and progressive disease. To improve the availability of biomarkers for this group of @entity1 , we investigated both @entity5 biopsies and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) of untreated (chemo-na  ve, CN) @entity978 ( @entity978 ) @entity1 for consistent biomarkers that can predict the outcome prior to frontline treatment. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Bioinformatics data mining was used to generate 151 candidate biomarkers, which were screened against a library of 10 @entity1733 cell lines. Expression of @entity540 and @entity13221 by @entity5823 + cells from @entity1733 @entity1 samples representing good and poor outcomes were analyzed by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemical (IHC), and immunofluorescence analyses. RESULTS: To identify predictive @entity1733 -specific biomarkers, potential marker genes selected using bioinformatics approaches were screened against @entity1733 cell lines and @entity1733 @entity1 samples. @entity540 ( @entity540 ) and @entity13221 ( @entity13221 ) were overexpressed in all @entity1733 cell lines, and the overexpression was @entity1733 -specific when compared to 116 @entity1893 tissues. In the analysis of stratified @entity978 @entity1 samples, expression of @entity540 and @entity13221 were 245 fold and 91 fold higher, respectively, in the poor outcome (PO) group than in the good outcome (GO) group. The PO group exhibited higher expression of the @entity1733 marker @entity5823 , the macrophage marker @entity469 , and metastatic markers @entity2533 and @entity1495 compared to the GO group. This expression signature was confirmed by qualitative immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent data. A Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that samples in which the @entity5823 + cells carried an @entity540 +/ @entity13221 + immunophenotype showed shortened survival. Analysis of chemo-naive @entity1733 blood samples suggested that in the PO group a subset of @entity5823 + @entity1733 cells had entered the circulation. These cells significantly overexpressed @entity540 and @entity13221 compared to the GO group. The PO group showed significant down-regulation of markers for monocytes, T-cells, and B-cells. These expression signatures were eliminated in heavily pretreated @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The results suggest that small subsets of circulating @entity5823 +/ @entity5824 + cells expressing @entity540 and @entity13221 represent biomarkers that identify @entity978 @entity1 who will experience a poor outcome (primary refractory and early relapsing).

title: @entity540 ( @entity540 ) and @entity13221 ( @entity13221 ) are potential biomarkers for putative circulating @entity5824 +/ @entity5823 + cells in poor outcome XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['Fibroblast Growth Factor-2', 'FGF2']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['classical Hodgkin lymphoma', 'NS-cHL', 'Nodular Sclerosis Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma', 'cHL']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']


abstract: Twelve @entity1 with stage D2 @entity263 were treated with the combination chemotherapy of @entity1260 (2 g/body, i.v., day 1-3), @entity1487 (250 mg/body, i.v., day 1-5) and @entity900 (20-30 mg/body, i.v., day 1-5). The averaged age was 62 years (from 52 to 73 years) with mean performance status of 70% (from 40 to 90%). Six @entity1 were refractory to prior hormone therapy or chemotherapy and the other six had received no prior treatment for @entity263 . Based on criteria of National @entity263 Project, 4 @entity1 achieved partial response (PR) which was maintained from 11 to 23 months with the mean of 17.8 months. Two @entity1 achieved objectively stable stage (NC). Response rate (PR + NC) was 50%. Response rate of @entity1 without prior therapy was 80%, whereas that of hormone-resistant group was 30%. There was a trend toward unfavorable response in @entity1 with prior therapy. Adverse effects were mild to moderate gastric problems and myelosuppression except in one case Adverse effects were mild to moderate gastric problems and myelosuppression except in one case with low performance status under 60%. IFP combination chemotherapy achieved favorable responses and @entity137 were tolerable. Therefore, it appears worth while to study whether IFP combination chemotherapy could extend the life of @entity1 with advanced @entity263 .

title: [Combination chemotherapy with @entity1260 , @entity1487 , @entity900 for stage D2 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate', 'prostatic cancer', 'Prostatic Cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic cancer']


abstract: Upper @entity360 is a potentially fatal condition at times due to loss of large volumes of blood. Common sources of upper @entity360 in @entity1 include @entity3137 and @entity548 (most commonly extra hepatic portal @entity432 ) and, in intensive care settings infections and drugs are other etiological factors associated with @entity548 . Massive @entity548 is life threatening and requires immediate resuscitation measures in the form of protection of the airways, @entity26 administration, immediate volume replacement with ringer lactate or normal saline, transfusion of whole blood or packed cells and also monitoring the adequacy of volume replacement by central venous lines and urine output. Upper GI endoscopy is an effective initial diagnostic modality to localize the site and cause of @entity548 in almost 85-90% of @entity1 . Antacids supplemented by H2- receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors and @entity5418 are the mainstay in the treatment of @entity548 from @entity3137 . For variceal bleeds, emergency endoscopy is the treatment of choice after initial haemodynamic stabilization of @entity1 . If facilities for endoscopic sclerotherapy (EST) are not available, pharmacotherapy which decreases the portal pressure is almost equally effective and should be resorted to. Shunt surgery is reserved for @entity1 who do not respond to the above therapy. Beta blockers combined with sclerotherapy have been shown to be the most effective therapy in significantly reducing the risk of recurrent rebleeding from varices as well as the death rates, as compared to any other modality of treatment. Based on studies among adult @entity1 , presence of shock, co-morbidities, underlying diagnosis, presence of stigmata of recent @entity548 on endoscopy and rebleeding are independent risk factors for mortality due to @entity548 . Rebleeding is more likely to occur if the @entity1 has hematemesis, @entity409 , @entity1003 , @entity551 and or @entity417 . There is a great need for conducting therapeutic trials as well as identifying predictors of outcome of @entity548 in @entity1 to develop evidence based management protocols.

title: Upper XXXX : etiology and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal hemorrhage', 'upper GI bleeding', 'bleeding', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity5418 :: ('MESH:D013392', 'Chemical') :: ['sucralfate']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous obstruction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal lesion', 'mucosal lesions']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ventricular-ventricular interactions may affect left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) function but have not been well characterized in chronic LV afterload in @entity1 . The aim of this study was to assess RV @entity296 in @entity1 with @entity472 before and after @entity2333 . METHODS: Two-dimensional echocardiographic images from @entity1 aged > 1 month were with @entity472 and preserved LV ejection fractions were retrospectively studied using vector velocity imaging. LV and RV strain were compared before and after balloon valvuloplasty and in comparison with normal controls. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity1 were studied. Aortic valve gradient decreased after balloon valvuloplasty. LV ejection fraction, wall thickness, circumferential strain, and basal and mid longitudinal strain were unchanged after valvuloplasty (-18.09    6.97% vs -16.43    6.30%, P = .40, and -14.11    5.011% vs -13.12    5.52%, P = .50, respectively). @entity1002 tended to be lower than in controls after valvuloplasty (basal, -16.43    6.30% vs -19.77    5.82%, P = .05). RV strain was unchanged at the basal and apical segments but increased at the mid RV segment after valvuloplasty (-21.34    6.55% vs -24.97    8.54%, P = .02). Change in RV strain was not correlated with change in aortic gradient or change in @entity1002 after valvuloplasty (P = .60). LV and RV strain at baseline and their changes after valvuloplasty were variable between @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: RV strain was normal or reduced in compensated @entity472 and was not correlated with @entity1002 . The change in RV strain was variable among @entity1 after valvuloplasty, with improvement in @entity4266 .

title: Left-right ventricular interactions in pediatric XXXX : right ventricular @entity296 before and after aortic valvuloplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial strain']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic balloon valvuloplasty']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4266 :: ('MESH:D018497', 'Disease') :: ['RV midwall longitudinal strain']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective outcome measurement study. OBJECTIVES: @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) represents a life changing multi-factorial event for @entity1 sustaining this condition. There has been anecdotal evidence that some @entity1 sustaining this condition in the UK have not been managed within one of the 11 national specialist @entity3510 ( @entity3510 ) but rather are managed in non-specialist rehabilitation areas. This study aimed to ascertain if differences in outcome from health, functional and social perspectives exists between the two cohorts. SETTING: All @entity1 had received rehabilitation within the UK National Health Service. METHOD: A sample of 800 @entity1 were recruited from the database of the @entity3510 Association (UK) to complete a postal, self reporting questionnaire ascertaining perceived outcome across all of these perspectives. RESULTS: Despite having more severe injuries, the @entity3510 cohort demonstrated statistically significant improved outcomes in 10 out of 18 health outcomes, 16 out of 18 functional outcomes and five out of 10 social outcomes in comparison with the non- @entity3510 cohort. CONCLUSION: This study provides the evidence that @entity1 with @entity1566 are better managed through a specialist system. Should a like for like comparison have been made as regards severity (completeness) of injury, the likelihood is that the results would have been even more in favour of the @entity3510 cohort. These results should encourage commissioners of health care and those working in @entity130 settings to ensure @entity1 with @entity1566 are managed in a specialist spinal injury unit setting both nationally and internationally.

title: Efficacy of specialist versus non-specialist management of XXXX within the UK.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['SIU', 'spinal injury units', 'Spinal Injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: We present two siblings (a @entity1 and a @entity1 ) with a submicroscopic 4 Mb duplication at 22q13.1q13.2. Both @entity1 manifested infantile @entity2421 and delayed motor milestones, @entity4297 , @entity851 , and strikingly similar and distinctive craniofacial @entity4238 including @entity91 , @entity9169 , short broad-based nose and @entity2133 with thin upper lip. The @entity1 had also a @entity2419 . Both had fair skin and hair compared with their parents. Both had moderate @entity1032 associated with a short attention span. A 4-Mb interstitial duplication at 22q13.1q13.2 was detected by whole genome microarray comparative genomic hybridisation (array CGH) in both @entity1 . The duplication was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis. Their parents had normal array CGH results. FISH analysis revealed that the father was a carrier of a balanced interchromosomal submicroscopic insertion of 22q13 into chromosome 11q23, explaining the unbalanced aberration detected in both @entity1 . This report narrows down the critical region at 22q13.1q13.2, which is associated with @entity1032 , pre- and post-natal @entity851 , @entity131 , @entity146 symptoms such as short attention span and @entity154 including @entity5766 , epicanthal folds and low set/abnormal ears.

title: Report of interstitial 22q13.1q13.2 microduplication in two siblings with distinctive XXXX , heart defect and @entity1032 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['facial dysmorphism']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth deficiency', 'growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal malformation']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['wide mouth']

entities_list: @entity9169 :: ('MESH:D016569', 'Disease') :: ['blepharophimosis']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity4238 :: ('MESH:D057215', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphism']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['brachycephaly']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['submucous cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity5766 :: ('MESH:D006972', 'Disease') :: ['hypertelorism']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defect']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['dysmorphic features']


abstract: @entity7459 ( @entity6836 ) is a common indoor air pollutant, especially in homes with unvented combustion appliances. Epidemiological studies suggest that @entity1 living in homes with unvented heating sources are more prone to @entity1729 than @entity1 living in homes with lower levels of @entity6836 . However, experimental studies in which @entity1 volunteers were exposed acutely to moderate levels of @entity6836 (0.5-2.0 ppm) have shown little evidence of @entity55 or decreased host resistance capacity. In the study reported here, 8 healthy volunteers were exposed to 2.0 ppm @entity6836 and to filtered air for 4 h while undergoing intermittent moderate exercise. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed the following morning. The lavage was divided into a predominantly bronchial washing (first 20 ml of lavage; BL) and a predominantly @entity133 washing (BAL). In the BL, @entity6836 exposure caused increases in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), @entity650 ( @entity650 ), @entity687 , alpha1-antitrypsin, and tissue plasminogen activator, and decreases in epithelial cells. In the BAL, there were no @entity6836 -induced changes in either cell numbers or soluble mediators. On the other hand, @entity133 macrophages from BAL showed a decrease in the ability to phagocytose unopsonized @entity5132 and a decrease in @entity224 production. No difference in susceptibility to @entity778 was found between the @entity6836 - and air-exposed macrophages. No changes in lung function were observed, but the aerosol bolus recovery technique revealed a statistically significant (p <.05) decrease in the fraction of aerosol recovered following @entity7459 exposure, which is suggestive of small obstructive changes induced by @entity6836 .

title: Inflammatory response in @entity1 exposed to 2.0 ppm XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus infection']

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrogen dioxide', 'nitrogen dioxide']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity7459 :: (MESH:D009585,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen dioxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Colonoscopy is the method of choice for examining @entity1 with @entity344 . The procedure is, however, in many cases, associated with @entity158 and impaired compliance. Magnetic endoscopic imaging (MEI) generates a three-dimensional image of the colonoscope on a computer screen which may enable the colonoscopist to avoid looping, and consequently improve @entity1 satisfaction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, 200 outpatients referred to colonoscopy at   stfold Hospital Trust, Fredrikstad, Norway, were included. @entity1 were randomized to either the standard arm (using fluoroscopy on demand, n = 100), or the MEI arm (n = 100). End points were time to cecum, subjective @entity158 experiences, and use of sedation or analgesics. RESULTS: Out of a total of 200 @entity1 , 54% were @entity1 . However, no significant differences between the groups according to gender were found. Fluoroscopy was applied in 23% of the cases in the standard group. Use of MEI was associated with decreased time to cecum (p < 0.05), @entity158 scores (Visual Analogue Scale, p < 0.05), decreased need of @entity1337 (p < 0.01), and decreased amount of administered @entity1363 and pethidin (p < 0.05 in both). CONCLUSIONS: MEI during colonoscopy was associated with @entity158 and less on-demand requests for sedation and @entity1337 . In addition, the use of MEI reduced the cecal intubation time. Consequently the implementation of magnetic endoscopic imaging in the endoscopy suits may be beneficial, particularly in the clinically difficult cases.

title: Magnetic endoscopic imaging during colonoscopy is associated with @entity158 and decreased need of XXXX and sedation--results from a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['lower gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'decreased pain']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: Neosporosis is an @entity166 primarily of @entity235 and @entity291 which has been found in many countries around the world. Neospora caninum causes an important immune response (cellular and humoral) in animals that it infects. Since the participation of the cholinergic system in the immune response is well documented, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between N. caninum @entity281 and activities of @entity51459 ( @entity51459 ) and @entity51460 ( @entity51460 ) during the acute and chronic phase of @entity281 . For that, @entity8664 . caninum (Nc-1 strain) were inoculated intraperitoneally in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), which were separated in two experiments, I and II, differing in infective doses of tachyzoites, aiming to reach an acute phase as well as chronic phase, respectively. Samples were collected on day 7 post @entity281 (PI) for Experiment I and on days 15 and 30 PI for Experiment II. @entity51459 activity was evaluated on whole blood and brain, while @entity51460 was evaluated in plasma. On day 7 a reduction of @entity51459 in total blood and brain was observed, along with reduction of @entity51460 in plasma of infected animals when compared with non-infected. In Experiment II, @entity51459 activity increased in total blood on day 30 PI; however, maintaining, during the same period, the @entity51459 activity has a reduced in brain tissue. @entity51460 activity was significantly increased on day 30 PI. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to observe a response of the cholinergic system, providing different grades of @entity51459 and @entity51460 activities, in response to the acute and chronic @entity281 of gerbils experimentally infected with N. caninum. These results will serve as initial points to further studies of our research group about the relationship between the @entity262 .

title: Neospora caninum: Activity of cholinesterases during the acute and chronic phases of an experimental XXXX in gerbils.

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['infection/disease and the cholinergic system']

entities_list: @entity8664 :: ('MESH:C536108', 'Disease') :: ['tachyzoites of N']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity51459 :: ('540446(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['AChE', 'acetylcholinesterase']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity51460 :: ('534616(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['butyrylcholinesterase', 'BChE']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: 1. When a malignant growth is developing in a @entity1 , one often observes in the serum an increased activity of serum enzymes due to @entity39 and increased membrane permeability caused by the altered metabolism of malignant cells. Conversely, I considered it interesting to check the enzymes of the @entity5910 - @entity492 shuttle in addition to LDH enzyme when a @entity5 is regressing due to radiation therapy. The @entity1 who were selected for this study had histologically proved @entity242 ( @entity1893 , @entity1821 , and @entity242 ). 2. The data obtained indicated that @entity5 regression is heralded by progressive decline (to the normal level) of LDH, GOT and MDH activities in serum. Normalization of these systems suggested that @entity1893 , @entity1821 , and @entity242 are sensitive to the therapeutic agent used. 3. In viewing the data herein reported a definitive conclusion regarding the diagnostic usefulness of these assays is apparent. It seems possible that the measurement of these enzymes in serum of @entity1 with proved @entity242 , may prove to be useful laboratory adjunct to diagnostic radiology and in the management of @entity1 whose diagnosis has already been established.

title: Alterations of serum enzymes during therapy directed at @entity1 XXXX : a radiological follow-up study of @entity5 transformation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'post-nosal sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic growth']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['reticulosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant sarcomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1010 and @entity11757 were well known factors that enlarge the subdural space, which induced @entity6087 (CSDH). Thus, we identified the subdural volume that could be used to predict the rate of future CSDH after @entity542 using a computed tomography (CT) volumetric analysis. METHODS: A single institution case-control study was conducted involving 1,186 @entity1 who visited our hospital after @entity542 from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2014. Fifty-one @entity1 with delayed CSDH were identified, and 50 @entity1 with age and sex matched for control. Intracranial volume (ICV), the brain parenchyme, and the subdural space were segmented using CT image-based software. To adjust for variations in head size, volume ratios were assessed as a percentage of ICV [brain volume index (BVI), subdural volume index (SVI)]. The maximum depth of the subdural space on both sides was used to estimate the SVI. RESULTS: Before adjusting for cranium size, brain volume tended to be smaller, and subdural space volume was significantly larger in the CSDH group (p=0.138, p=0.021, respectively). The BVI and SVI were significantly different (p=0.003, p=0.001, respectively). SVI [area under the curve (AUC), 77.3%; p=0.008] was a more reliable technique for predicting CSDH than BVI (AUC, 68.1%; p=0.001). Bilateral subdural depth (sum of subdural depth on both sides) increased linearly with SVI (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Subdural space volume was significantly larger in CSDH groups. SVI was a more reliable technique for predicting CSDH. Bilateral subdural depth was useful to measure SVI.

title: Comparision between @entity1010 and Subdural Volume to Predict XXXX : Volumetric CT Imaging Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity6087 :: ('MESH:D020200', 'Disease') :: ['formation of chronic subdural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity11757 :: ('MESH:D013353', 'Disease') :: ['subdural hygroma']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['Brain atrophy']

answer: @entity6087 :: (MESH:D020200,Disease) :: ['Chronic Subdural Hematoma']


abstract: The burning of waste is a common cause of @entity130 on the battlefield. This study was devised to determine the incidence of burns incurred while burning waste during U.S. military operations prior to and following an intervention targeted at reducing such injuries. The intervention consisted of memoranda outlining potential dangers and suggesting improved safety procedures. It was distributed to the combat theater (Iraq and Afghanistan) in March 2004. We reviewed military burn center records from March 2003 to March 2005. Demographics, injury data, and outcomes were recorded and compared between those casualties injured prior to and following the initiative. Twenty-four @entity1 were injured while burning waste, 10% of military casualties admitted to the burn center during the study period. From March 2003 to March 2004, 20 @entity1 were admitted with such injuries. The incidence of 1.67 per month was significantly (P<.05) higher than that seen the year after the intervention (four @entity1 , 0.33 per month). TBSA burned was not different between the two time periods (9.8+/-8% before vs 6.3+/-7% after, P=.43). There were no deaths, and only one @entity1 had an associated @entity130 . Only 54% of @entity1 returned to military duty. The initiative was followed by a significant decrease in the incidence of @entity5653 . We conclude that the initiative was successful and highlights the importance of continued military burn surveillance and prevention efforts.

title: Effect of a targeted education intervention on the incidence of XXXX in a military population.

entities_list: @entity5653 :: ('MESH:D019282', 'Disease') :: ['waste-burning injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['accidental injury', 'nonburn injury']

answer: @entity5653 :: (MESH:D019282,Disease) :: ['waste-burning injuries']


abstract: OBJECT: Despite numerous reports on the morbidity and mortality of deep brain stimulation (DBS), cerebral @entity1188 has rarely been reported. We present four cases of @entity1188 secondary to DBS surgery. METHODS: The diagnosis of @entity1188 was based on 1) delayed onset of new @entity51 on postoperative day 1 or 2; 2) significant @entity4 surrounding the superficial aspect of the implanted lead, with or without subcortical @entity548 on CT scan. RESULTS: Four cases (0.8% per lead, 1.3% per @entity1 ) of symptomatic cerebral @entity1188 were identified out of 500 DBS lead implantation procedures between July 2002 and August 2009. All four @entity1 had @entity191 . Their DBS leads were implanted in the subthalamic nucleus (n = 2), and the globus pallidus internus (n = 2). Retrospective review of the targeting confirmed that the planned trajectory passed within 3   mm of a cortical vein in two cases for which contrast-enhanced preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was available. In the other two cases, contrasted targeting images were not obtained preoperatively. CONCLUSION: @entity385 is a potentially avoidable, but serious complication. To minimize its incidence, we propose the use of high-resolution, contrast-enhanced, T1-weighted MR images to delineate cerebral venous anatomy, along with careful stereotactic planning of the lead trajectory to avoid @entity1545 .

title: XXXX : a potentially avoidable complication of deep brain stimulation surgery.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['injury to venous structures']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['venous infarction', 'venous infarct']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral venous infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Cerebral venous infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 prion diseases are heterogeneous but invariably fatal @entity179 with no known effective therapy. PRION-1, the largest clinical trial in @entity1579 to date, showed no effect of the potential therapeutic @entity3543 on survival. Although there are several limitations to the usefulness of survival as an outcome measure, there have been no comprehensive studies of alternatives. METHODS: To address this we did comparative analyses of neurocognitive, @entity146 , global, clinician-rated, and functional scales, focusing on validity, variability, and impact on statistical power over 77 @entity1 -years follow-up in 101 symptomatic @entity1 in PRION-1. RESULTS: @entity3543 had no demonstrable benefit on any of the 8 scales (p > 0.4). All scales had substantial numbers of @entity1 with the worst possible score at enrollment (Glasgow Coma Scale score being least affected) and were impacted by missing data due to disease progression. These effects were more significant for cognitive/ @entity146 scales than global, clinician-rated, or functional scales. The Barthel and Clinical @entity303 Rating scales were the most valid and powerful in simulated clinical trials of an effective therapeutic. A combination of selected subcomponents from these 2 scales gave somewhat increased power, compared to use of survival, to detect clinically relevant effects in future clinical trials of feasible size. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings have implications for the choice of primary outcome measure in @entity1579 clinical trials. @entity1579 presents the unusual opportunity to follow @entity1 with a @entity179 through their entire clinical course, and this provides insights relevant to designing outcome measures in related conditions.

title: PRION-1 scales analysis supports use of functional outcome measures in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human', 'person']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['Prion disease', 'prion disease']

entities_list: @entity3543 :: ('MESH:D011796', 'Chemical') :: ['quinacrine', 'Quinacrine']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease', 'neurodegenerative disorders']

answer: @entity1579 :: (MESH:D017096,Disease) :: ['prion disease']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: A marked lack of empathy is a hallmark characteristic of individuals with psychopathy. However, neural processes associated with empathic processing have not yet been directly examined in psychopathy, especially in response to the perception of other @entity1 in @entity158 and distress. OBJECTIVE: To identify potential differences in patterns of neural activity in incarcerated individuals with psychopathy and incarcerated @entity1 serving as controls during the perception of empathy-eliciting stimuli depicting other @entity1 experiencing @entity158 . DESIGN: In a case-control study, brain activation patterns elicited by dynamic stimuli depicting individuals being harmed and facial expressions of @entity158 were compared between incarcerated individuals with psychopathy and incarcerated controls. SETTING: @entity1 were scanned on the grounds of a correctional facility using the Mind Research Network's mobile 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging system. @entity1 : Eighty incarcerated @entity1 were classified according to scores on the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) as high (27 @entity1 ; PCL-R, >= 30), intermediate (28 @entity1 ; PCL-R, 21-29), or low (25 @entity1 ; PCL-R,  <=20) levels of psychopathy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Neurohemodynamic response to empathy-eliciting dynamic scenarios revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: @entity1 in the psychopathy group exhibited significantly less activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, lateral orbitofrontal cortex, and periaqueductal gray relative to controls but showed greater activation in the insula, which was positively correlated with scores on both PCL-R factors 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In response to @entity158 and distress cues expressed by others, individuals with psychopathy exhibit deficits in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex regardless of stimulus type and display selective impairment in processing facial cues of distress in regions associated with cognitive mentalizing. A better understanding of the neural responses to empathy-eliciting stimuli in psychopathy is necessary to inform intervention programs.

title: Brain response to empathy-eliciting scenarios involving XXXX in incarcerated individuals with psychopathy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'persons', 'men']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aggressive surgical resection with intent to cure and surgical debulking procedures are commonly recommended in @entity1 with @entity3 @entity1911 and @entity1823 . To date there are no data on operative outcomes of @entity1 after surgical resection of @entity3 @entity1911 and @entity1823 to determine if such an approach is appropriate and what factors may be associated with a favorable outcome. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective analysis of 30 @entity1 with @entity3 @entity1911 / @entity1823 who underwent surgical treatment. Clinical characteristics and genetic factors were analyzed as predictors of biochemical response to surgery. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 underwent a total of 42 operations, with a median follow-up time of 24 months (range 1 to 114 months). Complete disease resection (R0/R1) was achieved in 18 (42.9%) cases; 24 cases (57.1%) were debulking (R2) procedures without intent to cure. Complete biochemical remission was achieved in 10 (23.8%) cases and partial biochemical response was achieved in 23 (54.8%) cases. @entity1 with disease confined to the abdomen were more likely to achieve and maintain a biochemical response postoperatively than those with extra-abdominal disease (p = 0.0003). Debulking operations were significantly less likely to achieve or maintain biochemical palliation, with only 1 @entity1 maintaining a biochemical response 12 months postoperatively (p < 0.0001). @entity1 were less likely to obtain pharmacologic independence after debulking (p = 0.0003), with only 2 (8.3%) not requiring pharmacotherapy 6 months after the intervention. Factors not associated with biochemical response to surgery include sex, family history, @entity10168 mutation status, systemic therapy, and preoperative biochemical profile. CONCLUSIONS: Depending on the extent of disease, @entity1 with @entity3 @entity1911 / @entity1823 can benefit from aggressive operative intervention and resection with intent to cure. Debulking procedures are unlikely to achieve clinically significant biochemical response, with any biochemical response achieved being very short-lived.

title: Response after surgical resection of XXXX @entity1911 and @entity1823 : can postoperative biochemical remission be predicted?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paraganglioma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastatic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide safe, satisfying @entity1337 when epidural analgesia was unavailable. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled study of @entity1 in labor. SETTING: A regional hospital offering primary- and secondary-level obstetric care. @entity1 : Thirty-nine @entity1 with low-risk, single, term pregnancies and anticipated vaginal delivery. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 in the intermittent intramuscular (IM) injection group received @entity6882 50-100 mg, every 2 hours, as required. Those in the intravenous (IV) infusion group received an initial bolus of @entity6882 25 mg, a basal infusion rate of 60 mg/h, and intermittent boluses of 25 mg/h as required. Each @entity1 had a maximum of 200 mg of @entity6882 available to her during labor. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: @entity158 intensity was measured on a 10-cm visual analogue scale. @entity158 ratings were recorded when analgesia was initiated and every 30 minutes thereafter, until delivery. RESULTS: @entity1 who received IV @entity6882 reported significantly lower levels of @entity158 (p = .0015) than @entity1 in the IM group. However, @entity1 in the IV group received significantly higher doses of @entity6882 (mean = 121 mg) than those in the IM group (mean = 82 mg; p = .0007). When @entity158 scores were compared on a smaller group of @entity1 (n = 18) who received similar doses of @entity6882 (100-150 mg), @entity1 in the IV group still reported lower @entity158 scores (p = .0092). No significant differences were found between the groups in length of labor, maternal vital signs, fetal heart rate, Apgar scores, level of maternal sedation, or @entity1 -reported side effects. CONCLUSION: IV @entity6882 infusion was superior to intermittent IM injections for @entity158 relief during labor.

title: Intravenous XXXX infusion for @entity1337 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'participant', 'Women', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric analgesia']

answer: @entity6882 :: (MESH:D008614,Chemical) :: ['meperidine']


abstract: We describe two models explaining the increase in tissue @entity1568 isotope ratios (  @entity13140 ) that occurs during fasting in animals. The catabolic model posits that protein breakdown selectively removes the lighter isotope of @entity1568 ( @entity38947 ) from catabolized tissues, causing an increase in the proportion of heavy @entity1568 isotope ( @entity13140 ). The anabolic model posits that protein synthesis during fasting results in elevated   @entity13140 values, as the unreplaced loss of @entity38947 to @entity1133 results in a higher proportion of @entity13140 in plasma @entity1522 used for protein synthesis. We effected a range of lean mass loss in arctic ground squirrels (Urocitellus parryii) fasting during hibernation and then collected organ and muscle tissues for analysis of   @entity13140 values. The catabolic model predicts increased   @entity13140 values in both liver and muscle, as these tissues undergo significant catabolism during hibernation. The anabolic model predicts no change in muscle, but an increase in   @entity13140 values in liver, which has high levels of protein synthesis during euthermic phases of hibernation. We found a significant increase in liver   @entity13140 values and no change in muscle   @entity13140 values with lean mass loss, which supports the anabolic model. Heart, small intestine and brown adipose tissue also showed an increase in   @entity13140 values, indicating protein synthesis in these organ tissues during hibernation. Urine was 3.8% lighter than plasma, and both urine and plasma increased in   @entity13140 values with lean mass loss. This study helps clarify the mechanisms causing   @entity13140 change during nutritional stress, thus increasing its utility for physiological research and reconciling previously contradictory results.

title: A test of alternative models for increased tissue XXXX isotope ratios during fasting in hibernating arctic ground squirrels.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether the regimen of oral @entity3927 and @entity396 for medical abortion is acceptable to @entity1 and providers, in the United States, including physicians, nurses, and counselors, and whether proposed modifications of this regimen appear feasible for clinical practice. DESIGN: A prospective study. SETTING: Seventeen clinics in 15 states. @entity1 : A total of 2121 @entity1 with pregnancies of 63 days or less in duration. INTERVENTIONS: The administration of @entity3927 , 600 mg, orally, followed after 2 days by the administration of @entity396 , 400 micrograms, orally. Clinical observation for 4 hours followed @entity396 administration. Two weeks later, at a checkup, @entity1 were questioned about the abortion experience. Providers also answered questions about acceptability and feasibility. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 reports of overall satisfaction with the abortion, the number of @entity1 who would choose medical abortion again if needed or recommend the method to others, the best and worst features of the method, and provider and @entity1 assessments of home use. RESULTS: The regimen was highly acceptable. Nearly all @entity1 (95.7%) would recommend it to others, 91.2% would choose it again, and 87.6% found it very or moderately satisfactory. Even among @entity1 for whom the method failed, 69.6% would try it again, 84.9% would recommend it to others, and 51.9% found it very or moderately satisfactory. The chance to avoid a surgical procedure was reported as the method's best feature. The most commonly cited worst features were the uncertainty and fear of side effects. Providers and @entity1 considered home use feasible and safe. CONCLUSIONS: American @entity1 found abortion with the use of @entity3927 and @entity396 acceptable. Even most with unsuccessful outcomes would select the regimen again and recommend it to others. Most providers and @entity1 thought that home use of @entity396 should be available for @entity1 who prefer it.

title: Acceptability and feasibility of early pregnancy termination by @entity3927 - XXXX . Results of a large multicenter trial in the United States. @entity3927 Clinical Trials Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'Patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['mifepristone']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

answer: @entity396 :: (MESH:D016595,Chemical) :: ['misoprostol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intraventricular dyssynchrony is associated with worsening systolic function, adverse remodeling, and clinical events. The aim of this study is to investigate whether intraventricular dyssynchrony assessed by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) can predict @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) remodeling after first ST @entity583 ( @entity583 ) treated successfully with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). METHODS: Fifty-two consecutive @entity1 who presented with first acute @entity583 were included in the study. All @entity1 underwent successful pPCI. Standard echocardiography was performed within 48 hours of admission. @entity1002 was assessed by color-coded TDI. Dyssynchrony (Ts-diff) was calculated by maximal temporal difference between time to peak systolic velocities (Ts) of six basal segments. Echocardiographic examination was repeated after 6 months to reassess @entity1002 volumes. @entity1002 remodeling was defined as >15% increase in @entity1002 end-systolic volume index (LVESVI) after 6 months. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 (23%) developed @entity1002 remodeling. Baseline dyssynchrony was found to be correlated with percent change in LVESVI and @entity1002 end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) after 6 months. Ts-diff, @entity908 kinase-MB and mitral inflow E-wave deceleration time (DT) were the independent predictors of remodeling after @entity583 in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that Ts-diff >56 msec had 72.7% sensitivity and 83.8% specificity for predicting remodeling. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1002 is a strong predictor of @entity1002 remodeling after @entity583 ( @entity583 ). It could be useful in risk stratification of @entity1 after @entity583 .

title: Role of left ventricular dyssynchrony in predicting remodeling after ST elevation XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'AMI', 'segment elevation myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV', 'LV dyssynchrony', 'left ventricular']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: We have observed some @entity1 with @entity1103 who did not respond to grid laser treatment and who improved with @entity20699 or vitrectomy. These cases have a taut and glistening vitreo-macular interface. Three such cases are presented in detail. Pars plana vitrectomy with separation of the posterior hyaloid was performed in 22 cases. All of them had proliferative @entity6 , previously treated by panretinal photocoagulation. Fourteen cases had an ineffective macular grid laser treatment. Postoperative visual acuity was improved in 19 eyes and was unchanged in three eyes. The macular @entity4 disappeared in 12 eyes and decreased in 10. Complications included a @entity548 in 6 eyes, a paramacular tear in 1 eye, a reghmatogenous @entity1713 in 1 eye and @entity231 formation in 2 eyes. Vitreous surgery can improve the visual prognosis in cases of @entity1103 associated with a pathological vitreo-macular interface.

title: [Macular XXXX caused by contraction of the posterior hyaloid in @entity6 . Surgical treatment of a series of 22 cases].

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic macular edema']

entities_list: @entity20699 :: ('MESH:D020255', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous posterior vitreous detachment']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['edema']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Early flooding helps control weeds but reduces seedling establishment in direct-seeded @entity579 ( @entity579 ). When combined with appropriate management practices, the use of genotypes that better tolerate flooding during emergence can enhance crop establishment in @entity8961 . Management options include seed pre-treatment and we tested the influence of pre-soaking for 24 h prior to sowing or of priming (soaking for 24 or 48 h followed by drying). METHODOLOGY: The effects on seedling establishment after 21-day flooding of pre-soaking seeds for 24 h before sowing and/or of priming seeds were examined together with physiological responses connected with reactive @entity26 scavenging. Seeds of four lines with contrasting abilities to tolerate flooding at the germination stage were compared. Seeds were primed using @entity10406 solutions (48 h) or water (24 h) and pre-soaked using water. Lipid peroxidation and activities of reactive @entity26 -scavenging enzymes were measured in seeds before sowing. @entity1735 mobilization in germinating seeds and seedling growth were also monitored at intervals. PRINCIPAL RESULTS: Seed pre-treatment by pre-soaking or by priming increased survival of flooding and accelerated and improved seedling establishment, especially in tolerant genotypes. Primed seeds had less lipid peroxidation and higher @entity224 dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities than non-primed seeds. Amylase activities and starch breakdown were also hastened in primed seeds. Survival after flooding was positively correlated with amylase activity but negatively correlated with the extent of lipid peroxidation. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-soaking and priming improved seedling establishment in flooded soil, enhanced the capacity to scavenge reactive @entity26 species in seeds by increasing SOD and CAT activities, and hastened @entity1735 mobilization. Tolerant genotypes responded better to these treatments, emphasizing the effectiveness of combining genetic tolerance with appropriate seed pre-treatment to improve seedling establishment of @entity579 sown in flooded soils.

title: Seed pre-treatment in @entity579 reduces damage, enhances XXXX mobilization and improves emergence and seedling establishment under flooded conditions.

entities_list: @entity8961 :: ('MESH:C565009', 'Disease') :: ['flood-prone areas']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate', 'Carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity579 :: ('4530', 'Species') :: ['Oryza sativa', 'rice']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The efficacy of 5% @entity3303 medicated plaster (LMP) has previously been demonstrated in post-traumatic localized @entity9 . This study evaluated the use of LMP in localized @entity9 secondary to traumatic @entity1897 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This prospective observational study enrolled @entity1 with @entity130 to peripheral nerves that were accompanied by localized @entity9 of more than 3 months duration. Demographic variables, @entity158 intensity (measured using the numeric rating scale; NRS), answers to the Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) questionnaire, and the size of the @entity158 area were recorded. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 were included, aged (mean    standard deviation) 41.4    15.7 years. @entity128 affected the upper (eight @entity1 ) or lower (11 @entity1 ) limbs. The mean duration of @entity158 before starting treatment with LMP was 22.6    43.5 months (median 8 months). Mean baseline values included: NRS 6.7    1.6, @entity158 area 17.8    10.4 cm(2) (median 18 cm(2)), and DN4 score 6.7    1.4. The mean duration of treatment with LMP was 19.5    10.0 weeks (median 17.4 weeks). Mean values after treatment were: NRS 2.8    1.5 (>= 3 point reduction in 79% of @entity1 , >= 50% reduction in 57.9% of @entity1 ) and @entity158 .1    2.3 cm(2) (median 1 cm(2), >= 50% reduction in 94.7% of @entity1 ). Functional improvement after treatment was observed in 14/19 @entity1 (73.7%). CONCLUSION: LMP effectively treated @entity6784 which presented with chronic localized @entity9 , reducing both @entity158 intensity and the size of the @entity158 area.

title: Use of 5% @entity3303 medicated plaster to treat localized XXXX secondary to @entity6784 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['Nerve injuries']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful', 'painful area 2']

entities_list: @entity6784 :: ('MESH:D059348', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injuries of peripheral nerves']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injuries']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To determine the adapted microbial populations to variant dissolved organic @entity505 (DOC) sources in the marine environment and improve the understanding of the interaction between microorganisms and marine DOC pool, field-based incubation experiments were carried out using supplemental @entity7352 -labeled typical substrates @entity413 and @entity46468 ( @entity47935 and D-GlcN, respectively), which are two important components in marine DOC pool in the South China Sea. @entity7352 - and 12C-DNA were then fractionated by ultracentrifugation and the microbial community was analyzed by terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism and 454 pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene. 12C-DNA-based communities showed relatively high similarities with their corresponding in situ communities, and their bacterial diversities were generally higher than @entity7352 -DNA-based counterparts. Distinct differences in community composition were found between @entity7352 - and 12C-DNA-based communities and between two substrate-supplemented @entity7352 -DNA-based communities; these differences distinctly varied with depth and site. In most cases, there were more genera with relative abundances of >0.1% in D-Glc-incorporating communities than in D-GlcN-incorporating communities. The Roseobacter clade was one of the prominent actively substrate-incorporating bacterial populations in all @entity7352 -DNA-based communities. Vibrio was another prominent actively D-GlcN-incorporating bacterial population in most incubations. However notably, different OTUs dominated this clade or genus in different treatments at different depths. Altogether, these results suggested that there were taxa-specific differences in DOC assimilations and, moreover, their differences varied among the typical water masses, which could have been caused by the variant compositions of original bacterial communities from different hydrological environments. This implies that ecologically, the levels of labile or recalcitrance of DOC can be maintained only in a specific environmental context with specific @entity497 .

title: Differential Incorporation of XXXX Substrates among Microbial Populations Identified by Field-Based, DNA Stable-Isotope Probing in South China Sea.

entities_list: @entity46468 :: ('CHEBI:28393', 'Chemical') :: ['D-glucosamine']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial community composition']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['D-glucose']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['Carbon']


abstract: The aerobic facultative chemoautotroph @entity18394 was found to possess a novel gene, designated aut, required for both lithoautotrophic ( @entity3884 plus @entity544 ) and organoautotrophic (formate) growth (Aut+ phenotype). Insertional mutagenesis by transposon Tn5-Mob localized the gene on a chromosomal 13-kbp EcoRI fragment. Physiological characterization of various Aut- mutants revealed pleiotropic effects caused by the transposon insertion. Heterotrophic growth of the mutants on substrates catabolized via the glycolytic pathway was slower than that of the parent strains, and the colony morphology of the mutants was altered when grown on nutrient agar. The heterotrophic derepression of the cbb operons encoding Calvin cycle enzymes was abolished, although their expression was still inducible in the presence of @entity5189 . Apparently, the mutation did not affect the cbb genes directly but impaired the autotrophic growth in a more general manner. The conjugally transferred wild-type EcoRI fragment allowed phenotypic in trans complementation of the mutants. Further subcloning and sequencing identified a single open reading frame (aut) of 495 bp that was sufficient for complementation. The monocistronic aut gene was constitutively transcribed into a 0.65-kb mRNA. However, its expression appeared to be low. Heterologous expression of aut was achieved in @entity526 , resulting in overproduction of an 18-kDa protein. Database searches yielded weak partial sequence similarities of the deduced Aut protein sequence to some cytidylyltransferases, but no indication for the exact function of the aut gene was obtained. Hybridizing DNA sequences that might be similar to the aut gene were detected by Southern hybridization in the genome of two other autotrophic bacteria.

title: Identification of a novel gene, aut, involved in autotrophic growth of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity18394 :: ('106590', 'Species') :: ['Alcaligenes eutrophus']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity18394 :: (106590,Species) :: ['Alcaligenes eutrophus']


abstract: The cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes catalyze a key step in the conversion of @entity3899 to @entity14297 , the immediate substrate for a series of cell specific @entity3009 and @entity2871 synthases. @entity2918 play critical roles in numerous biologic processes, including the regulation of immune function, kidney development, reproductive biology, and gastrointestinal integrity. There are two COX isoforms, which differ mainly in their pattern of expression. @entity16538 is expressed in most tissues, whereas @entity10178 usually is absent, but is induced by numerous physiologic stimuli. Surprisingly, disruption of @entity16538 ( @entity48901 ) in the @entity19 did not result in @entity344 . @entity10178 ( @entity1996 ) null @entity19 @entity8544 and @entity8 . Epidemiologic, animal, and @entity1 data indicate that NSAIDs, inhibitors of cyclooxygenase, are chemopreventive for @entity694 . @entity10178 is overexpressed in 50% of benign polyps and 80-85% of @entity420 . Offspring from @entity10178 null by Apcdelta716 matings exhibit an 86% reduction in polyp number when compared to offspring from control animals, thus providing genetic evidence that @entity10178 contributes to @entity5 formation or growth. The in vivo mechanism by which @entity10178 affects @entity5 growth has not been determined. It is possible that both @entity5 and stromally derived @entity10178 could influence @entity5 angiogenesis and/ or immune function.

title: The role of cyclooxygenases in inflammation, XXXX , and development.

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['defects in kidney development']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity3899 :: ('CHEBI:32395', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonate']

entities_list: @entity8544 :: ('MESH:D005254', 'Disease') :: ['show reproductive anomalies']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The distribution of @entity4494 cells in the transition zone of @entity1963 ( @entity1963 ) colons is extremely variable. Determining the resection margin based on intraoperative biopsies may be imprecise. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is a novel imaging technology with the ability to visualize tissues in real time. In this study, we evaluate the potential of MPM to quantify @entity4494 cells in a @entity19 model of @entity1963 . METHODS: After IACUC approval, @entity406 -fixed colons from 7 @entity164 ( @entity164 ) and 6 Endothelin Receptor B gene ( @entity14801 ) homozygous knockout (KO) @entity19 with @entity1963 were assessed by MPM for the presence of @entity4494 cells. MPM images were captured starting from the anus progressing proximally at 5mm intervals. @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E) stained biopsies of the imaged were correlated with MPM findings. RESULTS: @entity164 specimens showed normal myenteric plexus ganglia throughout the examined colon. In contrast, distal colons of @entity14801 KO animals were devoid of ganglia up to 10mm from the anus. Ganglion cells were visible starting at 20-30 mm proximal to the anus. The density of @entity4494 cells seen by MPM and histology correlated well. CONCLUSIONS: MPM can clearly identify the myenteric plexus ganglia in both @entity164 and KO @entity19 colons. Comparison with the H_E-stained sections showed reproducible correlation. MPM-based real-time imaging of the myenteric plexus may become a useful intraoperative decision-making tool in the future.

title: Multiphoton microscopy to identify and characterize the transition zone in a XXXX model of @entity1963 .

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ['HD', 'distal colonic aganglionosis', 'Hirschsprung Disease']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['ganglion', 'myenteric ganglion']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity280 ( @entity280 ) commonly develop @entity788 (PNENs or PNETs). Solid microcystic serous adenoma (SMSA), a rare @entity5 described in @entity280 @entity1 , can be mistaken for PNEN on imaging. METHODS: Clinical, pathologic, and radiologic data were reviewed on @entity280 @entity1 who underwent surgery for a preoperative diagnosis of PNEN since 1994 at 1 institution. Blinded to the pathologic diagnoses, radiologists reassessed available imaging. RESULTS: For 55 @entity1 , 79 pancreatectomies were performed for presumed PNENs. Ten (18%) @entity1 underwent 12 (15%) resections for @entity5 diagnosed as SMSA on final pathology. The average size of a SMSA leading to operation was 3.6    0.4 cm. Four out of 11 SMSAs were still mistaken for PNENs when imaging was reassessed. The mean FDG-positron emission tomography (PET) standardized uptake value was greater for 17 PNENs (12.1    1.2) compared with 6 SMSAs (4.2    0.5; P = .002). The mean doubling time of SMSAs and PNENs was similar. Seven (15%) @entity1 with pathologically proven PNENs had @entity5 . CONCLUSION: SMSAs can mimic PNENs on nonfunctional imaging; FDG-PET may help to differentiate them. A high index of suspicion is needed to minimize operations performed for SMSA and to counsel @entity280 @entity1 of their risks of undergoing operation for a lesion with no known malignant potential.

title: @entity280 -associated solid microcystic serous adenomas masquerading as XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cysts and neuroendocrine neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity280 :: ('MESH:D006623', 'Disease') :: ['VHL', 'von Hippel-Lindau disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease', 'neoplasms', 'neoplasm']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms']


abstract: @entity2330 @entity281 results in either asymptomatic @entity694 and @entity5572 . @entity2330 isolates from @entity1 with invasive disease have characteristic isoenzyme profiles (pathogenic zymodemes), suggesting a role for parasite factors in determining the severity of @entity281 . A @entity3649 -specific cell surface lectin from a pathogenic zymodeme was shown to mediate in vitro adherence to @entity1 colonic mucins and contact-dependent killing of target cells. Six nonoverlapping antigenic determinants were identified on the 170-kilodalton heavy subunit of the pathogenic lectin. Anti-lectin monoclonal antibodies (MAb) directed against epitopes 1 and 2 enhanced adherence whereas MAb to epitopes 3 through 6 either inhibited or had no effect on adherence. We tested 50 pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains for reactivity to these anti-lectin MAb by radioimmunoassay. MAb to epitopes 1 through 6 reacted in the radioimmunoassay with all 16 pathogenic zymodeme strains tested. In contrast, only MAb to epitopes 1 and 2 bound to the lectin from nonpathogenic strains. Western immunoblots with anti-lectin antibodies showed that the 170-kilodalton heavy subunit was present in the nonpathogenic amebae. Adherence of the nonpathogenic SAW 760 strain to @entity1 erythrocytes was enhanced by MAb to epitope 1 and blocked by @entity3649 , confirming the presence of a functionally active lectin. A lectin radioimmunoassay based on MAb to epitopes 1 and 3 proved to be a simple and rapid method to distinguish pathogenic from nonpathogenic amebae in culture. Further exploration of the functional consequences of the antigenic differences demonstrated for the lectin may lead to a better understanding of its role in pathogenesis.

title: Pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of XXXX can be differentiated by monoclonal antibodies to the @entity3649 -specific adherence lectin.

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2330 :: ('5759', 'Species') :: ['E. histolytica', 'Entamoeba histolytica']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonization or invasive colitis']

answer: @entity2330 :: (5759,Species) :: ['Entamoeba histolytica']


abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between blood pressure, albumin excretion, and renal function in @entity1 with @entity6 . The study design was as follows: nonselected consecutive @entity1 with @entity6 were divided into three groups by level of albumin excretion rate (AER): less than 20 micrograms/min, 20 to 200 micrograms/min, and greater than 200 micrograms/min. The setting for the study was an outpatient @entity6 clinic in a tertiary referral center. There were 166 @entity1 studied: 53% @entity1 , 47% @entity1 , 86% white, 17% treated for @entity101 . Seventy-six percent had an AER less than 20 micrograms/min, 18% had an AER of 20 to 200 micrograms/min, and 6% had an AER of greater than 200 micrograms/min. Glycosylated hemoglobin did not differ between groups. AER was increased with age and disease duration (P less than 0.005 by analysis of variance) after 10 yr of disease. Serum @entity1011 (P less than 0.005) and systolic (P less than 0.005) and diastolic (P less than 0.01) blood pressures were also increased with AER. Serum @entity1011 and blood pressure were found to be increased in parallel after 10 yr of disease, but both remained within the normal range overall. A comparison of individual blood pressures in @entity1 not taking antihypertensive drugs (N = 138) with age-related blood pressures of nondiabetic subjects revealed @entity551 at all ages. Group comparison demonstrated a significant link between increased AER and serum @entity1011 (declining renal function) and increased blood pressure after a latent period of 10 yr. Blood pressure appears to be increased from the earliest age in @entity6 compared with healthy populations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The role of disease duration and XXXX in albumin excretion of @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type I diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['increased systolic and diastolic blood pressures']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: SETTING: A tertiary care hospital in northern India. OBJECTIVE: To study the patterns of clinical presentation of cutaneous @entity378 , to correlate them with Mantoux reactivity and BCG vaccination status, and to suggest a clinical classification based on these factors. DESIGN: Analysis of the records of @entity1 with cutaneous @entity378 who attended the hospital between 1975 and 1995. RESULTS: A total of 0.1% of dermatology @entity1 had cutaneous @entity378 . @entity17097 was the commonest form, seen in 154 (55%) of these @entity1 , followed by @entity17096 in 75 (26.8%), @entity378 in 17 (6%), @entity378 (s) in 15 (5.4%) and @entity17096 in 19 (6.8%). No correlation was found between Mantoux reactivity and the extent of disease ( @entity66 63.6%, disseminated disease 67.9%). The presence of regional @entity3329 was an indication of dissemination of the disease ( @entity66 34.7%, disseminated disease 71.7%). Dissemination of the disease was observed in the whole of the spectrum of cutaneous @entity378 (22.1%), but was seen more often in the presence of gumma and @entity17096 . There were more unvaccinated individuals in the group with disseminated disease (80.3%) than in those with @entity66 (65.5%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity17097 was the most common clinical presentation, followed by @entity17096 , @entity17096 , @entity378 and @entity378 . Some @entity1 presented more than one clinical form of the disease. Classification of cutaneous @entity378 needs to be modified to include smear-positive and smear-negative @entity17096 apart from the inclusion of disseminated disease. The presence of regional @entity3329 serves as a clinical indicator of disseminated disease. @entity1 with disseminated disease were less likely to have been BCG-vaccinated than those with @entity66 .

title: XXXX : a twenty-year prospective study.

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity17097 :: ('MESH:D008177', 'Disease') :: ['Lupus vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localised disease']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis verrucosa cutis', 'tuberculous gumma', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity17096 :: ('MESH:D014382', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculids', 'scrofuloderma']

answer: @entity17096 :: (MESH:D014382,Disease) :: ['Cutaneous tuberculosis']