abstract: Several previous studies found that too great a reduction of clinic blood pressure (BP) by treatment increased @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk, whereas moderate reduction decreased it. Thus, it has been suggested that the relationship between BP and @entity65 events is J-shaped, with @entity65 risk decreasing as BP is lowered, and then rising as BP is further decreased. Correlation between BP level and @entity65 risk, however, is stronger for ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) than clinical BP measurements. We previously established that the @entity101 treatment-time regimen, upon awakening versus at bedtime, exerts differential effect on BP control during the day and nighttime, which translates into a differential degree of @entity65 risk prevention. We, therefore, investigated the role of @entity101 treatment-time scheme on the nature of the relationship between achieved clinic and ambulatory BP and @entity65 risk in the MAPEC (Monitorizaci  n Ambulatoria para Predicci  n de Eventos Cardiovasculares, i.e., Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring for Prediction of Cardiovascular Events) study, a prospective, open-label, blinded-endpoint trial on 2156 @entity101 @entity1 (1044 @entity1 /1112 @entity1 ), 55.6        13.6 (mean        SD) yrs of age, randomized to ingest all prescribed once-a-day @entity101 medications upon awakening or the entire daily dose of >= 1 of them at bedtime. Ambulatory BP was measured for 48-h at baseline and annually thereafter, and more frequently (quarterly) when adjustment of treatment was necessary. After a median follow-up of 5.6 yrs, a J-shaped relationship was detected between total @entity65 events and clinic as well as awake BP mean, but only for the group of @entity1 ingesting all medications upon awakening. The relationship was different in the group of @entity1 who ingested >= 1 medications at bedtime; the risk of @entity65 events progressively diminished in a linear, rather than J-shaped, manner with treatment-induced decrease in awake BP mean. The adjusted hazard ratio of @entity65 events was significantly lower with the progressive reduction in the asleep BP mean, independent of the @entity101 treatment-time regimen. There was no single major event, i.e., @entity65 , @entity583 , or @entity64 , in @entity1 who achieved an asleep systolic BP mean <103   mm Hg. Our findings indicate that bedtime @entity101 treatment is not associated with a J-shaped relationship between achieved BP and @entity65 risk. The decreased @entity65 risk associated with the progressive @entity551 , more feasible by bedtime than morning @entity101 treatment, has clinical implications, in particular, the need to consider the proper timing of @entity101 medications, in conjunction with ABPM for proper assessment of BP control, as an improved and potentially safer means of reducing @entity65 risk of @entity101 @entity1 .

title: Role of time-of-day of XXXX treatment on the J-shaped relationship between blood pressure and cardiovascular risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in asleep BP']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD death', 'CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity5163 is the major cause of childhood morbidity in developing countries. Although @entity3147 is known as a risk factor for severe @entity1902 , the role of enteric pathogens in the clinical severity is unclear. The present study was conducted in well nourished Ghanaian preschool @entity1 during a 3 month period of the rainy season to assess the relationship between enteric pathogens and severe @entity1902 . Two hundred and twenty-five @entity1 with @entity697 and 64 age-matched control @entity1 were prospectively examined for the severity of @entity2700 and enteric pathogens in their stools. Of the 225 @entity1 with @entity1902 , 69.8% (157/225) had mild @entity2700 and 30.2% (68/225) had severe @entity2700 . Bacteria were similarly isolated in stool samples from @entity1 with mild and severe @entity2700 and controls. Rotavirus accounted for 20.6% of @entity1 with severe @entity2700 and was more often isolated in stools from @entity1 with severe @entity2700 than those from controls. Furthermore, the @entity325 associated with rotavirus and bacteria were more often found in @entity1 with severe @entity2700 than those with mild @entity2700 or controls. Parasites were similarly found at low incidences among the three groups. The present study implied that rotavirus was more responsible for severe @entity1902 than bacteria or parasites. However, factors other than enteric pathogens must be sought in a considerable number of severe cases. A large scale study throughout a year is recommended to obtain more precise information that would reflect the seasonal variation of @entity6425 .

title: Enteric pathogens in severe forms of XXXX in Ghanaian @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['mixed infections']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity6425 :: ('MESH:D012400', 'Disease') :: ['rotavirus infections']

entities_list: @entity5163 :: ('MESH:D004403', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrheal disease']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute gastroenteritis']


abstract: During the maturation of the cardiac myocyte, a transition occurs from @entity5072 to @entity1184 growth. The factors that control this transition in the developing heart are unknown. Proto-oncogenes such as c-myc have been implicated in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation, and in the heart the switch from myocyte proliferation to terminal differentiation is synchronous with a decrease in c-myc mRNA abundance. To determine whether c-myc can influence myocyte proliferation or differentiation, we examined the in vivo effect of increasing c-myc expression during embryogenesis and of preventing the decrease in c-myc mRNA expression that normally occurs during cardiac development. The model system used was a strain of @entity19 exhibiting constitutive expression of c-myc mRNA in cardiac myocytes throughout development. In these @entity19 , increased c-myc mRNA expression was found to be associated with both @entity2224 . This increase in cardiac mass was secondary to myocyte @entity1373 , with the transgenic hearts containing more than twice as many myocytes as did nontransgenic hearts. The results suggest that in the transgenic animals there is additional @entity5072 growth during fetal development. However, this additional proliferative growth is not reflected in abnormal myocyte maturation, as assessed by the expression of the cardiac and skeletal isoforms of alpha-actin. The results of this study indicate that constitutive expression of c-myc mRNA in the heart during development results in enhanced @entity5072 growth and suggest a regulatory role for this proto-oncogene in cardiac myogenesis.

title: The c-myc proto-oncogene regulates cardiac development in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['atrial and ventricular enlargement']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['transgenic mice']


abstract: @entity12110 caused by @entity7546 can be effectively prevented by vaccination with attenuated, cultured schizonts. Although these attenuated vaccines have been applied for a long time, not much is known about the fate of the vaccine strain in the field. Here, two experimental Spanish vaccine strains originating in C  diz and C  ceres, and one Sudanese strain are studied to address the development of a carrier status and the infectivity for Hyalomma ticks. Moreover, the heterogeneity of the merozoite surface protein, Tams1, was analyzed in search for an attenuation marker. Using the sensitive reverse line blot (RLB) hybridization, the development of a low level carrier status was demonstrated in the C  ceres and Sudanese line vaccinated @entity291 . Although no signal was detected in the C  diz line vaccinated @entity291 , seroconversion against the schizont stage was observed, as it was in all other @entity291 . The experimental transmission of @entity7546 by Hyalomma ticks to na  ve @entity291 was unsuccessful for all cell line inoculated @entity291 . Tams1 heterogeneity indicated a clonal selection of parasites during the process of attenuation, but the Tams1 sequence itself has no connection with the attenuation status. In conclusion, a carrier status develops in attenuated schizont culture vaccinated @entity291 , but is not infective for Hyalomma ticks. Based on these data, the risk for spread of the vaccine strains in the field may be very low.

title: Characterization of attenuated XXXX vaccines from Spain and the Sudan.

entities_list: @entity12110 :: ('MESH:D013801', 'Disease') :: ['Theileriosis']

entities_list: @entity7546 :: ('5874', 'Species') :: ['Theileria annulata', 'T. annulata']

answer: @entity7546 :: (5874,Species) :: ['Theileria annulata']


abstract: PURPOSE: Frontal @entity174 are relatively common injuries presenting to @entity130 units. The optimal treatment of frontal @entity174 remains controversial. Bicoronal approach is commonly used to obtain full exposure of both frontal bones and to repair any intracranial @entity130 ; however, this approach requires long operative time and could lead to a long-lasting visible scar, @entity1665 , and paresthesias. In addition, @entity1 have to stay in hospital for several days with this method. Endoscopic approach, less invasive than bicoronal method, has a steep learning curve. In this article, we suggest a simple reduction method in frontal sinus anterior wall @entity174 using the tapper instrument. METHODS: Between 2005 and 2011, a transcutaneous reduction of closed anterior table @entity174 using a tapper instrument was performed in 13 @entity1 . This group consists of 10 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 , and the mean age was 27.5 years. Under general anesthesia, the point that the tapper would be placed is marked considering the @entity174 site shown on computed tomographic scan and the clinically depressed area. A 3-mm slit incision was made just above the marked point. After drilling through this incision, the tapper device was applied to the depressed bone segment. Simply pulling out the tapper, the depressed frontal sinus anterior wall segment was reduced. RESULTS: Contour @entity85 were restored completely in all @entity1 without any recurrent displacement, and all @entity1 were satisfied with the results. There were no complications such as @entity548 , but @entity5745 had occurred in 1 @entity1 owing to the posterior table injury that happened during the tapper-applying procedure. We treated him with preventive antibiotics, and he completely recovered after 1 week. CONCLUSIONS: This method has better aesthetic results, shorter operative time, and minimal hospital stay than other surgical approaches. Although it contains minimal risk of posterior wall injury, considering not only surgical results but also @entity1 ' satisfaction, the authors suggest that this simple percutaneous reduction method using the tapper instrument would be the treatment of @entity174 .

title: XXXX using bony tapper device.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5745 :: ('MESH:D011007', 'Disease') :: ['pneumocephalus']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'sinus fractures', 'frontal sinus fracture', 'choice in the frontal sinus anterior wall fractures']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['infection and uncontrollable sinus bleeding']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformities']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Transcutaneous reduction of frontal sinus fracture']


abstract: Carotenoids are orange, yellow, or red photo-protective pigments present in all plastids. The first carotenoid of the pathway is @entity33145 , a colorless compound that is converted into colored carotenoids through a series of desaturation reactions. Genes coding for carotenoid desaturases have been cloned from microbes but not from plants. We report the cloning of a cDNA for @entity54857 , a @entity1460 ( @entity1460 ) gene that, based on a complementation assay using the photosynthetic bacterium @entity10052 , codes for an enzyme that catalyzes the two desaturation reactions that convert @entity33145 into @entity36427 , a yellow carotenoid. The 2281-base-pair cDNA clone analyzed contains an open reading frame with the capacity to code for a 572-residue protein of predicted Mr 63,851. Alignment of the deduced @entity54857 peptide sequence with the sequences of fungal and bacterial carotenoid desaturases revealed conservation of several @entity535 residues, including a dinucleotide-binding motif that could mediate binding to FAD. The @entity54857 protein is synthesized in vitro as a precursor that, upon import into isolated chloroplasts, is processed to a smaller mature form. Hybridization of the @entity54857 cDNA to genomic blots indicated that this gene is a member of a low-copy-number gene family. One of these loci was genetically mapped using restriction fragment length polymorphisms between @entity1460 and Glycine soja. We conclude that @entity54857 is a nuclear gene encoding a @entity33145 desaturase enzyme that, as its microbial counterparts, contains sequence motifs characteristic of flavoproteins.

title: Molecular cloning and expression in photosynthetic bacteria of a @entity1460 cDNA coding for XXXX desaturase, an enzyme of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway.

entities_list: @entity10052 :: ('1061', 'Species') :: ['Rhodobacter capsulatus']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1460 :: ('3847', 'Species') :: ['soybean', 'Glycine max']

entities_list: @entity36427 :: ('MESH:D024321', 'Chemical') :: ['zeta-carotene']

answer: @entity33145 :: (MESH:C100185,Chemical) :: ['phytoene']


abstract: In a population-based study involving 4019 @entity1 in 20 peripheral health facilities in Nigeria, the outcome of presumptive @entity311 treatment with MSP was compared to that of CQ. The study was conducted between January 1995 and January 1996. @entity1 aged 6 months or more with a clinical diagnosis of @entity311 based on history of fever and axillary temperature > 37.5 degrees C were either treated with MSP (250 mg @entity8775 , 500 mg @entity16945 , and 25 mg @entity4765 per tablet) or CQ (150 mg @entity503 base per tablet). The clinical cure rate was assessed by the disappearance of clinical signs and symptoms over a 7-day period. Tolerability was assessed by the incidence of adverse events (adverse drug reaction and intercurrent illness). The result shows that the clinical care rate of suspected @entity311 was 97.6% with MSP and 85.6% with CQ. The incidence of adverse event was 9.5% with MSP and 9.2% with CQ. The withdrawal rate was 2.0% with MSP and 5.0% with CQ; 3.5% of the @entity1 in the CQ group withdrew due to adverse events compared to 0.47% with MSP. In conclusion it was observed that in addition to superior efficacy of MSP over CQ, fever clearance rate with MSP was comparable to that of CQ. The study also demonstrated that two tablets maximum dose of MSP is safe and effective in a large population of Nigeria @entity311 @entity1 .

title: Treatment of @entity311 in north-eastern and south-eastern Nigeria: a population study of XXXX , @entity16945 , @entity4765 combination (MSP) vs @entity503 (CQ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16945 :: ('CHEBI:9329', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphadoxine']

entities_list: @entity8775 :: ('MESH:D015767', 'Chemical') :: ['mefloquine']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity4765 :: ('MESH:D011739', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimethamine']

answer: @entity8775 :: (MESH:D015767,Chemical) :: ['mefloquine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In treatment studies of @entity308 , remission is typically defined narrowly-based on scores on symptom severity scales. @entity1 treated in clinical practice, however, define the concept of remission more broadly and consider functional status, coping ability, and life satisfaction as important indicators of remission status. In the present report from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services (MIDAS) project, we examined how many mildly symptomatic @entity308 @entity1 in ongoing treatment who did not score in the remission range on the 17-item @entity308 (HAMD) nonetheless considered themselves to be in remission from their @entity308 . Among the mildly symptomatic HAMD nonremitters, we compared the demographic and clinical characteristics of @entity1 who did and did not consider themselves to be in remission. METHODS: We interviewed 274 @entity146 outpatients diagnosed with DSM-IV major @entity308 who were in ongoing treatment. The @entity1 completed measures of psychosocial functioning and quality of life. RESULTS: Approximately one-quarter of the @entity1 scoring 8-12 on the HAMD considered themselves to be in remission. Compared to @entity1 who did not consider themselves to be in remission, the remitters reported significantly better quality of life, less functional impairment due to @entity308 , higher positive mental health scores, and better coping ability. DISCUSSION: Some @entity1 who do not meet symptom-based definitions of remission nonetheless consider themselves to be in remission. The findings raise caution in relying exclusively on symptom-based definitions of remission to guide treatment decision making in clinical practice.

title: Why do some @entity308 outpatients who are not in remission according to the hamilton XXXX rating scale nonetheless consider themselves to be in remission?

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depressed', 'depression', 'Hamilton Depression Rating Scale']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: AIM: To explore the possible role of endogenous @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ), a novel gasotransmitter, in the pathogenesis of @entity6980 ( @entity6980 ) induced by high pulmonary blood flow. METHODS: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley male @entity35 were randomly divided into sham, shunt, sham+ @entity8835 (a @entity3958 donor) and shunt+ @entity8835 groups. @entity35 in shunt and shunt+ @entity8835 groups underwent an abdominal aorta-inferior vena cava shunt, and @entity35 in shunt+ @entity8835 and sham+ @entity8835 groups were intraperitoneally injected with @entity8835 . @entity6980 was investigated using optical microscope and transmission electron microscope. Lung tissue @entity3958 was evaluated by @entity3287 -sensitive electrodes. @entity842 synthase (NOS), @entity1446 oxygenase ( @entity22456 ), proliferative cell nuclear antigen ( @entity1975 ) and @entity2509 ( @entity2509 ) activation were analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS: After 11 weeks of shunting, @entity6980 developed with a decrease in lung tissue @entity3958 production and an increase in @entity842 (NO). However, lung tissue @entity1223 (CO) did not change. After the treatment with @entity8835 for 11 weeks, @entity3958 donor ameliorated @entity6980 and downregulated @entity1975 expression and @entity2509 activation with an increase in lung tissue CO production and @entity22456 protein expression but a decrease in NO production, NOS activity and eNOS protein expression in shunted @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3958 exerted a regulatory effect on @entity6980 induced by high pulmonary blood flow. Meanwhile, @entity3958 down-regulated the @entity2509 /MAPK signal pathway, inhibited the NO/NOS pathway and enhanced the CO/HO pathway in @entity35 with high pulmonary blood flow.

title: @entity8835 alleviated @entity6980 induced by high pulmonary blood flow in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity2509 :: ('24338(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase', 'ERK']

entities_list: @entity6980 :: ('MESH:D066253', 'Disease') :: ['PVSR', 'pulmonary vascular structural remodeling']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen sulfide']

entities_list: @entity3287 :: ('CHEBI:26822', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The Wnt pathway orchestrates cell fate decisions during embryonic development, organogenesis, and adult tissues homeostasis. @entity54054 ( @entity54054 )/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor (Lef) transcription factors are the downstream effectors of canonical Wnt signaling. Upon Wnt signal activation, @entity13413 stabilizes and translocates to the nucleus, where it interacts with Tcfs activating the transcription of Wnt target genes. In the absence of Wnt, levels of stable @entity13413 are reduced by the action of @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) and other cytoplasmic proteins. Mutations in @entity1412 cause constitutive accumulation of @entity13413 and inappropriate activation of the Wnt pathway. apc(mcr/mcr) fish embryos show absence of expression of tissue-specific differentiation markers in the intestine, suggesting that inappropriate activation of Wnt signaling abrogates gut organogenesis. Which @entity54054 transcription factor mediates Wnt signaling during @entity3392 gut organogenesis remains unclear. We studied the combined effect of loss of @entity54054 family members and @entity1412 in the developing embryo. @entity54055 ( @entity54056 ) loss rescues the apc(mcr/mcr) phenotype in the intestine. Single depletion of @entity54054 ( @entity54057 ) and @entity54058 ( @entity54058 ) function in an @entity1412 mutant background had no effect on endoderm development. This study reveals that @entity54055 ( @entity54056 ) is the major effector of Wnt signaling in the intestine during @entity3392 organogenesis.

title: @entity54054 4 ( XXXX ) is the main effector of Wnt signaling during @entity3392 intestine organogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyposis coli', 'Apc']

answer: @entity54056 :: (30510(Tax:7955),Gene) :: ['tcf7l2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Potassium channel blockers have been shown to possess antitumor properties, but the role of apoptosis remains to be clarified. In this study, we investigated the antiproliferative effect of @entity5128 ( @entity1041 ), a nonspecific @entity972 channel blocker, in @entity35 C6 and 9L @entity11 cells. METHODS: @entity137 was evaluated by @entity98 assay. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL and annexin V-FITC/ @entity2667 assays. Protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis. Intracellular reactive @entity26 species (ROS) levels were assessed flow cytometrically. RESULTS: @entity1041 (2-60 mM) significantly inhibited the proliferation of C6 and 9L @entity11 cells. In addition, increased cell apoptosis was confirmed after treatment with 40 mM @entity1041 . Apoptosis was associated with a dramatic increase in ROS levels and altered @entity1976 / @entity2310 protein balance. CONCLUSION: @entity1041 can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in both cell lines; therefore, it might be associated with the increase in intracellular ROS production.

title: @entity5128 inhibits @entity11 cells via increasing production of intracellular reactive XXXX species.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: We studied whether alpha- @entity1 atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha-hANP) had the capacity to regulate @entity1919 ( @entity268 ) levels in @entity1 glomeruli, since decreased @entity268 in the glomerulus may increase the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) through increasing kf (glomerular capillary ultrafiltration coefficient). @entity1 kidneys were obtained at surgery for @entity189 . Normal cortical tissues from these kidneys were used for the study. After incubating the renal cortical slices with 0.1% collagenase, glomeruli were dissected manually under the stereomicroscope. Two glomeruli were incubated (37 degrees C, 2 min) with @entity461 (PTH) and/or alpha-hANP. @entity268 was determined by radioimmunoassay. alpha-hANP at a concentration of 5 x 10(-6) M had no effect on glomerular @entity268 accumulation in the basal condition. PTH stimulated @entity268 formation in a dose-dependent manner. alpha-hANP inhibited significantly the increase in @entity268 formation induced by PTH (p less than 0.01). This action of alpha-hANP was dose-dependent, with a maximum of 50% inhibition. PTH is one of the endogenous substances that are known to increase @entity268 formation and decrease kf. Thus, it seems likely that alpha-hANP increased GFR through modulating the production of @entity268 in @entity1 kidney.

title: Inhibitory effect of XXXX atrial natriuretic peptide on @entity1919 levels in microdissected @entity1 glomeruli.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Changes in @entity4968 trends may affect both complications and outcomes in @entity1 with acute @entity4968 . This study reports the treatments given and the frequency of complications, also related to treatment, mortality and sequelae related to various toxic agents. METHODS: All acute @entity4968 in adults (>=  16 years) admitted to the five hospitals in Oslo were included consecutively during one year (2008 to 2009) in an observational cross-sectional multicenter study. A standardized form was completed by the treating physician, which covered the study aims. RESULTS: There were 1065 admissions in 912 @entity1 . The median length of hospital stay was one day, and 49% were observed in an intensive care unit (ICU). Active treatment was given to 83%, and consisted of supportive therapy (70%), antidote(s) (38%), activated charcoal (16%) and gastric lavage (9%). The most commonly used antidotes were @entity5757 (19%), @entity1510 (17%) and @entity898 (11%). The rate of treatment-related complications was 2.4% (21/884). Neither @entity5757 , @entity1510 , nor the combination, was associated with @entity410 or other complications. Among those receiving @entity898 , 5% (6/120) developed @entity56 , one of which mandated discontinuation of treatment. Nineteen percent presented in a @entity772 . Complications developed in 30%, compared with 18% in a 2003 study, mainly @entity1576 (12%), @entity1162 (6%) and @entity551 (5%). Eight @entity1 died (0.8%) and five (0.5%) survived with permanent sequelae, mainly @entity75 . DISCUSSION: Few @entity1 stayed more than two days. The use of the ICU was liberal, considering that only one out of five presented in a @entity772 . Antidotes were frequently given diagnostically. Although @entity898 induced @entity56 , most were mild and treatment discontinuation was only necessary once. The frequency of complications had almost doubled in five years, although the @entity4968 pattern was largely unchanged. However, few @entity1 developed permanent sequelae.

title: A one-year observational study of all hospitalized acute XXXX in Oslo: complications, treatment and sequelae.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['anoxic brain damage']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisonings', 'poisoning']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity5757 :: ('MESH:D005442', 'Chemical') :: ['flumazenil']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged QTc interval']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisonings']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate the enzyme production in response to implantation of the hydrogel material used in the experimental Chirila keratoprosthesis (KPro) and to assess the effects of five topical drugs on enzyme production and activity. KPros may be extruded from the @entity267 as a result of tissue melting, a process that involves excessive enzyme activity. To reduce the possibility of implant loss for the hydrogel Chirila KPro, a number of antiinflammatory drugs that have been used to treat other @entity2687 were investigated for their effect on initial collagenase activity after the implantation of KPro material into the @entity95 @entity267 . METHODS: @entity27023 sponge pieces were implanted into @entity95 corneas. @entity617 , @entity803 , @entity7839 , @entity898 , and @entity4958 were assessed for effects on gelatinolytic activity and stromal collagenase [ @entity721 ( @entity721 )] production in vivo and in vitro by using zymography and Western blotting techniques. RESULTS: Whereas all five anticollagenase drugs were effective in reducing gelatinolytic activity in vitro, many were ineffective in vivo. However, @entity7839 caused a @entity3457 in vivo. The amount of @entity721 , as measured by immunoblotting, also was reduced by @entity7839 treatment when compared with untreated controls. An increase in the apparent molecular weight of @entity721 in operated corneas appears to be the result of the association of @entity721 with collagen fragments resulting from the surgical @entity130 . CONCLUSION: This study indicates that topical @entity7839 may be a useful adjunctive therapy after prosthokeratoplasty.

title: Assessment of anticollagenase treatments after insertion of a keratoprosthetic material in the XXXX @entity267 .

entities_list: @entity4958 :: ('MESH:C102006', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium citrate']

entities_list: @entity27023 :: ('CHEBI:60758', 'Chemical') :: ['Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)']

entities_list: @entity7839 :: ('MESH:D008525', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal melting conditions']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of gelatinolytic activity']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisolone']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: @entity170 , characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, can cause @entity174 after even a minor @entity130 , resulting in serious disability and even death. These @entity174 lower the quality of life, restrict the @entity1 's ability to remain independent, and reduce self-esteem. @entity174 caused by @entity170 are an increasing problem, in both their medical and socio-economic aspects. The risk of @entity3604 in the vertebrae, the proximal femur, and the distal radius increases with age. With proper physiotherapeutic management, promptly applied, many complications can be avoided and the quality of life can be improved. The aim of our article is to present a comprehensive physiotherapeutic approach after the most common @entity174 , taking into consideration safety factors in performing activities of daily living, in order to prevent subsequent @entity174 . Physiotherapeutic management after vertebral @entity174 includes 3 phases. Phase 1 aims at bone union and avoiding complications; phase 2 is directed to work on increasing physical fitness and learning proper and safe everyday activities; phase 3 encourages improvement and maintains the skills learned in the previous phases. The complete program of rehabilitation after a @entity174 of the proximal femur involves physiotherapy after surgery, prevention of further bone mass loss, and limiting the number of falls and subsequent @entity174 . The goal of management after a distal radius @entity174 is to restore normal hand functions and prevent complications resulting from limb immobilization. Physiotherapy, including kinesiotherapy, physicotherapy and ortotics support, should be an important element in the comprehensive therapy of @entity3604 .

title: Physiotherapeutical management after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fracture', 'osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'Fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic fractures']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Thow @entity1944 ( @entity1944 ) for prevention of @entity86 (ASBO) and to compare the Thow tube with other LITs. The charts of all @entity1 who had placement of a Thow tube between January 1986 and November 1998 were reviewed. Thirty-four @entity1 ranging in age from 9 to 86 years (mean 57.9) were included in the study. Twenty-five were contacted by phone for long-term follow-up. Twenty-nine @entity1 had undergone previous abdominal surgery, and in 11 of 29 the previous surgery was for ASBO. Indications for surgery and Thow tube placement included: @entity1744 (25), perforated viscus (five), @entity189 (two), @entity1960 (one), and atonic bowel (one). Review of the operative notes revealed no difficulty in advancing the Thow tube in 32 of 34 @entity1 (94%). Thow tube-related complications occurred in nine @entity1 (25%). All complications were associated with the @entity3337 , and only one @entity1 required surgery for the complication. Two (5.9%) @entity1 developed recurrent obstruction during a mean follow-up of 52 months. In one @entity1 the obstruction was caused by adhesions and in another it was the result of an @entity6177 . Of 23 @entity1 treated for ASBO at the time of Thow tube placement no @entity1 (0%) developed recurrent ASBO during the follow-up period (total 110.5 @entity1 -years). This study along with a review of the literature suggests that LITs decrease the risk of recurrent ASBO. The Thow tube, however, is easily placed and is associated with fewer and less severe complications than other LITs.

title: Twelve-year experience with the Thow @entity1944 : a means of preventing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['long intestinal tube', 'LIT']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative adhesive small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3337 :: ('MESH:D009371', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy site']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative bowel obstruction']


abstract: The neuroendocrine response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was assessed in four @entity1 after pretreatment with @entity7368 (1.0 mg/kg), @entity3575 (1.5 micrograms/kg), @entity6555 (0.3 mg/kg), and saline solution (control). Each @entity1 received each drug pretreatment using a double-blind, randomized study block-design. During each of the five studies, blood samples were obtained from each @entity1 before anesthetic induction, before ECT shock, and at 1, 5, 10, and 30 min after @entity410 . Samples were subsequently analyzed for @entity1425 , @entity1063 , adrenocorticotrophic hormone ( @entity4545 ), @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ), and @entity701 . Electroconvulsive therapy after saline pretreatment resulted in a 3-fold and 15-fold increase in @entity1063 and @entity1425 levels, respectively (P less than 0.05). The @entity4545 and @entity701 levels gradually increased over 30 min, peaking at values that were two to three times the control values (P less than 0.05). The AVP levels increased significantly after induction of ECT (P less than 0.005) and remained higher than control levels at 5, 10, and 30 min. The effect of pretreatments varied. Pretreatment with @entity7368 and @entity3575 resulted in significant attenuation of the @entity1063 peak after @entity410 (P less than 0.05). Only @entity7368 significantly attenuated ECT-induced @entity1425 secretion, whereas @entity3575 pretreatment significantly reduced release of @entity4545 after ECT. No pretreatment significantly affected the elevated AVP or @entity701 levels seen on emergence or up to 30 min after treatment. The ability of @entity7368 pretreatment to attenuate serum @entity2922 release after ECT is consistent with its ability to block the cardiovascular responses to ECT.

title: Prevention of the cardiovascular and neuroendocrine response to electroconvulsive therapy: II. Effects of pretreatment regimens on catecholamines, @entity4545 , vasopressin, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6555 :: ('MESH:D007741', 'Chemical') :: ['labetalol']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To find out whether @entity1 with @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ) have an increased prevalence of antibodies to gliadin (AGA) and of @entity66 . METHODS: One hundred and fourteen @entity5144 @entity1 with @entity272 of 20+/-13 yr and @entity2720 of 11+/-10 yr duration answered a questionnaire concerning their medical history and underwent clinical examination, including radiology. Serum IgA AGA and IgG AGA, IgA antibodies to endomysium and immunoglobulins, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) concentration were determined. RESULTS: Five of the 114 @entity1 (4.4%) had @entity66 . After exclusion of these five @entity1 , the mean IgA AGA concentration was significantly higher (P=0.0005) than that in a reference group. None of the @entity1 had IgA antibodies to endomysium. The mean serum IgA concentration was significantly increased and IgM decreased. @entity1 with a high concentration of IgA AGA had significantly higher ESR and @entity1851 and a longer duration of morning @entity2693 than those with a low AGA concentration. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity5144 have an increased prevalence of raised serum IgA AGA and of @entity66 . @entity1 with raised IgA AGA seem to have more pronounced @entity32 than those with a low IgA AGA concentration.

title: IgA antibodies to gliadin and XXXX in @entity5144 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis', 'PsoA']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['coeliac disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Alloantibody is an intrinsic component of the immune response to organ transplants. Although alloantibodies have been correlated with decreased graft survival, the mechanisms of alloantibody-mediated injury remain largely undefined in vivo. In the present study, we have established a model of alloantibody-mediated graft injury using B10.A (H-2a) hearts transplanted to @entity164 ( @entity164 ) or immunoglobulin knock out (IgKO) C57BL-Igh-6 (H-2b) @entity19 . METHODS: Alloantibodies were measured in the circulation and graft by flow cytometry and in immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Intragraft cytokine mRNA expression was evaluated using a competitive template reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. P-selectin and @entity2880 factor expression were localized by immunoperoxidase staining. The capacity of alloantibodies to restore acute cardiac allograft rejection was tested by passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against donor major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens to IgKO recipients. RESULTS: B10.A cardiac allografts are rejected acutely by @entity164 C57BL/6 recipients, but over 50% of the cardiac allografts survived more than 50 days after transplantation in IgKO @entity19 . Competitive template RT-PCR on the cardiac transplants demonstrated similar levels of @entity634 , IL-12 ( @entity12782 ), @entity637 , @entity2047 , @entity60 , @entity58 , and @entity1618 mRNA in @entity164 and IgKO recipients 8-10 days after transplantation, indicating that macrophage- and T-cell-dependent immune responses were intact in IgKO recipients. The rejection of B10.A hearts in @entity164 recipients was characterized by interstitial and perivascular cellular infiltration; IgG, IgM, and complement (C3) deposition; vascular cell @entity1423 ; and release of @entity2880 factor and P-selectin. In IgKO recipients the lower degree of @entity1317 in the absence of alloantibody responses was reflected by the lack of release of @entity2880 factor and P-selectin, which remained confined to cytoplasmic storage granules of endothelial cells and platelets. Acute rejection of cardiac allografts was restored to IgKO recipients by passive transfer of proinflammatory @entity10986 mAbs against donor MHC; recipients injected with isotype-matched control mAbs did not reject. In contrast, passive transfer of @entity6527 mAbs against donor MHC failed to restore acute rejection of cardiac allografts to IgKO recipients. Passive transfer of @entity10986 , but not @entity6527 mAbs was associated with endothelial cell activation and plate. let aggregation together with the release of preformed @entity2880 factor and P-selectin from storage granules. CONCLUSIONS: Acute rejection of cardiac allografts can be reconstituted in IgKO recipients by passive transfer of @entity10986 , but not @entity6527 antibody. This model allows the mechanism of alloantibody-mediate graft injury to be dissected in vivo.

title: Passive transfer of alloantibodies restores acute cardiac rejection in IgKO XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['injury and intravascular platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: From 1979 to 1989, 18 @entity1 were seen in the Electrophysiology Service, Duke University Medical Center, with automatic @entity591 . There were 8 male and 10 female @entity1 with a mean age of 28.1 +/- 2.9 years. Electrophysiological mapping localized automatic foci to right atrial sites (14 @entity1 ) and left atrial sites (4 @entity1 ). Depending on origin of the focus, @entity1 were further diagnosed as having either @entity591 . Of the 15 @entity1 with chronic ectopic @entity591 , 6 responded to medical treatment; in 9, the @entity591 was not adequately controlled. Six of them were referred for surgical intervention. All 3 @entity1 with @entity7129 underwent operative therapy. In the surgical group of @entity1 with chronic ectopic @entity591 , all 6 had a @entity591 -induced @entity296 with ejection fractions ranging from 14% to 27% (mean ejection fraction, 21% +/- 2.7%). Surgical techniques used (alone or in combination) included an isolation procedure in 1 @entity1 , cryoablation in 4 @entity1 , and excision of atrial appendages or portions of atrial free walls in 7. Normal sinus rhythm developed in all surgical @entity1 except 1 @entity1 who had intractable @entity712 preoperatively and died of this condition and @entity64 . The overall success rates for medical and surgical therapy were 33.3% and 88.9%, respectively (p less than 0.01). Long-term follow-up was possible for 7 (87.5%) of 8 @entity1 3 to 7 years after operation. All @entity1 with chronic ectopic @entity591 were cured, but only 1 of 3 @entity1 with @entity7129 was in sinus rhythm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Surgical treatment of automatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'atrial tachycardia', 'chronic ectopic atrial tachycardia or inappropriate sinus tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['inappropriate sinus tachycardia']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['atrial tachycardias']


abstract: During @entity4053 , @entity450 ( @entity450 ) does not increase significantly until peripheral @entity413 levels are very low (2.0 mmol/l), that is, well below the blood @entity413 threshold for @entity73 (3.0 mmol/l). Because increased rates of @entity450 will increase @entity413 transport, a failure of flow to rise earlier, before brain function is threatened, might be considered maladaptive. To examine the influence of inducing an earlier rise in @entity450 during @entity4053 , eight healthy volunteers participated in three studies using a randomized, placebo-controlled design. In all three studies, a @entity1717 (60 mU x m2 x min(-1)) clamp was used to maintain blood @entity413 levels at 4.5 mmol/l for 60 min. Thereafter, for EUG-ACZ, blood @entity413 was maintained at 4.5 mmol/l from 60 to 170 min and at 90 min from the start of this study, and 1-g @entity3791 i.v. was given to induce an early rise in @entity450 ; for HYPO-ACZ, @entity413 was lowered over 20 min to 2.8 mmol/l and kept at that level for 90 min, and @entity3791 was given 90 min from the start of this study; and for HYPO-CON, @entity413 was treated as in HYPO-ACZ, and matching placebo was given in place of @entity3791 . Injection of @entity3791 was associated with a 30% rise in right (95% CI 24-34%) and left (20-32%) middle cerebral artery velocity (an index of @entity450 ) during euglycemia without any change in @entity4053 awareness or counterregulatory hormone levels. When @entity413 was lowered to 2.8 mmol/l, @entity3791 caused a similar rise in middle cerebral artery velocity in the HYPO-ACZ study. However, all subjects were less "aware" of @entity4053 , had fewer adrenergic symptoms (sweating, palpitations, @entity400 ; all P < 0.05), and had lower plasma @entity1425 levels (1,026 vs. 1,790 pmol/l; -764 [437 to 1,097] pmol/l, point estimate of difference [95% CI]; P < 0.001), compared with the HYPO-CON study, whereas levels of other counter-regulatory hormones and @entity1063 were similar. Cognitive function (latency of the P300 evoked response) was unaffected by increasing @entity450 . In conclusion, enhanced rates of @entity450 at the onset of systemic @entity4053 are associated with diminished perception of low blood @entity413 levels and attenuation of the epinephrine counterregulatory response. These findings suggest that augmenting @entity450 leads to an enhanced rate of substrate delivery to the central nervous system.

title: Importance of @entity450 to the recognition of and physiological responses to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of cognitive function']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral blood flow', 'CBF']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemic']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine acquired pit of the optic nerve as a risk factor for progression of @entity726 . METHODS: In a retrospective longitudinal study, 25 @entity1538 @entity1 with acquired pit of the optic nerve were compared with a group of 24 @entity1538 @entity1 without acquired pit of the optic nerve. The @entity1 were matched for age, mean intraocular pressure, baseline ratio of neuroretinal rim area to disk area, @entity227 , and duration of follow-up. Serial @entity1781 photographs and visual fields of both groups were evaluated by three independent observers for @entity2789 . RESULTS: Of 46 acquired pits of the optic nerve in 37 eyes of 25 @entity1 , 36 pits were located inferiorly (76%) and 11 superiorly (24%; P < .001). Progression of @entity1781 damage occurred in 16 @entity1 (64%) in the group with acquired pit and in three @entity1 (12.5%) in the group without acquired pit (P < .001). Progression of @entity227 occurred in 14 @entity1 (56%) in the group with acquired pit and in six (25%) in the group without pit (P=.04). Bilateral acquired pit of the optic nerve was present in 12 @entity1 (48%). Disk hemorrhages were observed more frequently in the group with acquired pit (10 eyes, 40%) compared with the group without pit (two eyes, 8%; P=.02). CONCLUSION: Among @entity1 with @entity726 , @entity1 with acquired pit of the optic nerve represent a subgroup who are at increased risk for progressive @entity1781 @entity227 .

title: Acquired pit of the optic nerve: a risk factor for progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2789 :: ('MESH:D018450', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous progression']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field damage', 'damage and visual field loss', 'visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic disk']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: In the current study, we used the novel, nonchemical method of nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) to investigate the efficiency of a protocol involving the in vivo treatment of the @entity63 and reperfused heart and heart cells in culture with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Associated with the restoration of blood flow to the @entity63 tissue is a phenomenon referred to as " @entity5721 ." Clinically a type of reperfusion injury occurs during coronary bypass surgery once blood perfusion to the heart is restarted. Although the restoration of @entity26 to @entity63 myocardial cells is critical for tissue survival, reperfusion causes myocardial oxidative stress, attributable in part to the increased production of reactive @entity26 species (ROS). Enhanced ROS production is associated with @entity2383 . Adult female New Zealand white @entity95 were anesthetized and a left thoracotomy performed to expose the heart. The distal segment of the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 15 minutes and then released so reperfusion of the tissue could occur. PRP (.21 mg/heart) or saline was injected into the @entity63 area of the myocardium. Mechanical function of the left ventricle was analyzed using a Millar catheter attached to a Micro-Med Analysis System. H9c2 cells in culture were treated with 1 mL of nsPEF activated PRP (1.05 mg/flask) for 24 hours before analysis for ROS production or mitochondrial depolarization damage). The left ventricle contracted and relaxed faster and @entity1188 size was reduced in hearts treated with PRP compared with saline. ROS production and mitochondrial depolarization were reduced in H9c2 cells treated with PRP and stimulated with @entity273 . These results provide evidence that nsPEFs can successfully be used to prepare PRP and that the PRP is functional in heart protection possibly by reducing ROS generation and stabilizing the mitochondria of the @entity63 /reperfused heart.

title: Nanosecond pulse electric field activation of platelet-rich plasma reduces myocardial infarct size and improves left ventricular mechanical function in the XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial damage']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: @entity161 , if not the most difficult, is one of the most difficult mysterious puzzles for psychiatrists, psychologists, and neuroscientists to solve. In this paper, based on the previously known pathologies of @entity161 , a new model is proposed for explanation of the formation of positive @entity716 of @entity1833 and delusions. This model can be used for understanding @entity716 or @entity716 -like positive symptoms of @entity162 , @entity1005 , obsessive compulsive, and @entity4944 and drug-induced @entity914 . Based on the postulated model, a spectral view on these disorders with @entity716 features is also proposed. These pathologies include @entity2167 in hippocampus, abnormal emotional coding in amygdala, pattern completion in thalamic and cortical areas, and disturbed fronto-limbic balance. This model includes anatomical and neurotransmitter defects of hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, cingula, and prefrontal cortex and their interconnections. A role for hippocampal sensory gating deficits in the pathogenesis of positive @entity716 and interrelation between amygdala and its @entity935 level with hippocampus is speculated. This model also hires the interesting function of pattern completion in thalamus and cortical areas for a better explanation of the pathogenesis of @entity1833 and @entity716 . Furthermore, there is also explanation for the polygenic etiology of the @entity161 and @entity914 and relation between @entity161 and @entity162 in anatomy and neural systems involved. A spectral view is proposed that explains the absence of clear cut border between different @entity716 in their form and severity based on the involved genes and brain functional systems. Including excessive prefrontal pruning, there is also explanation for the appearance of positive @entity716 in early adulthood. An explanation for the high @entity935 level of amygdala despite its decreased size and abnormal anatomy is also suggested as a compensatory function which might explain the decline in positive @entity716 when schizophrenics age according to amygdala burn out. Based on this model, speculations are provided for: late onset of the effects of antipsychotics on positive @entity716 , mechanism for the therapeutic effect of @entity750 type 2A receptor blockers and GABAergic medications in @entity716 , role of smoking in diminution of @entity716 , and relationship between biological and psychological issues in the formation of @entity716 . Finally, based on this model, a new role for nicotinic cholinergic drugs (such as @entity11545 ) for treatment of @entity161 and other @entity716 is proposed.

title: Sensory gating deficits, pattern completion, and disturbed fronto-limbic balance, a model for description of XXXX and delusions in @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar mood disorder']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['auditory sensory gating deficits']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity11545 :: ('MESH:D005702', 'Chemical') :: ['galantamine']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis', 'psychotic or psychotic-like disorders', 'psychotic', 'delusional psychotic symptoms', 'psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

answer: @entity1833 :: (MESH:D006212,Disease) :: ['hallucinations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have previously reported that @entity876 mutated radioresistant @entity706 cell lines undergo mitotic catastrophe after irradiation, resulting in metaphase arrest and the generation of endopolyploid cells. A proportion of these endopolyploid cells then undergo a process of de-polyploidisation, stages of which are partially reminiscent of meiotic prophase. Furthermore, expression of meiosis-specific proteins of the @entity5 /testis antigens group of genes has previously been reported in @entity5 . We therefore investigated whether expression of meiosis-specific genes was associated with the @entity5700 response in our @entity5 model. METHODS: Three @entity706 cell lines, Namalwa, WI-L2-NS and TK6, of varying @entity876 status were exposed to a single 10 Gy dose of gamma radiation and their responses assessed over an extended time course. DNA flow cytometry and mitotic counts were used to assess the kinetics and extent of polyploidisation and mitotic progression. Expression of meiotic genes was analysed using RT-PCR and western blotting. In addition, localisation of the meiotic cohesin @entity28991 and its relation to centromeres was analysed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS: The principal meiotic regulator @entity10007 was found to be significantly post-transcriptionally up-regulated after irradiation in @entity876 mutated but not @entity876 wild-type @entity706 cells. The maximum expression of @entity10007 coincided with the maximal fraction of metaphase arrested cells and was directly proportional to both the extent of the arrest and the number of endopolyploid cells that subsequently emerged. The meiotic cohesin @entity28991 was also found to be up-regulated after irradiation, linking sister chromatid centromeres in the metaphase-arrested and subsequent giant cells. Finally, RT-PCR revealed expression of the meiosis-prophase genes, @entity51748 , @entity51749 , @entity28992 and @entity13460 . CONCLUSION: We conclude that multiple meiotic genes are aberrantly activated during mitotic catastrophe in @entity876 mutated @entity706 cells after irradiation. Furthermore, we suggest that the coordinated expression of @entity10007 and @entity28991 regulate the extent of arrested mitoses and @entity5700 .

title: Upregulation of meiosis-specific genes in XXXX cell lines following genotoxic insult and induction of mitotic catastrophe.

entities_list: @entity5700 :: ('MESH:D011123', 'Disease') :: ['polyploidy']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: Thirty-four strains of @entity11765 -producing @entity794 obtained from milk samples of 34 dairy @entity291 suffering from @entity1271 from 34 different farms in north-east Switzerland were identified and further characterized by pheno- and genotypic methods. This included the identification of staphylococcal @entity11765 (SE) types, an antibiotic resistance testing, the appraisal of hemolysis, the egg yolk reaction, the detection of the clumping factor and protein A by means of a latex agglutination, the PCR amplification of a @entity794 specific part of the gene encoding the 16S-23S rRNA "intergenic spacer" region and a species specific part of the 23S rRNA-gene, the PCR amplification of the clumping factor (clfA) gene, the X region and the IgG-binding region of the protein A (spa) gene, the coagulase (coa) gene and additionally a macrorestriction analysis of the chromosomal DNA. Within the 26 cultures which formed a single SE, there were 23 SEC- and three SED-formers. Eight cultures were SEAD formers. It was remarkable that 22 SEC formers were also positive for TSST-1. Eighteen of the 23 SEC-formers could be classified as being of the same phenotype. Most of the cultures of one @entity11765 type also showed a great uniformity in the size and number of repeats of the X region as well as in the size of the IgG-binding region of protein A gene and in the size of the coagulase gene. Macrorestriction analysis revealed 11 PFGE patterns. These were in part only different from each other in a few fragments and thus displayed close clonal relations. The results of the present investigation show that a broad distribution of identical or closely related @entity11765 -producing @entity794 clones seem to contribute to the @entity291 @entity1271 problem in north-east Switzerland.

title: Characterization of enterotoxigenic @entity794 strains isolated from XXXX @entity1271 in north-east Switzerland.

entities_list: @entity11765 :: ('MESH:D004768', 'Chemical') :: ['enterotoxin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: From April 1985 to September 1988, 128 @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) were enrolled in a prospective randomized trial evaluating chemotherapy (arm A) versus best supportive care (arm B). Chemotherapy consisted of @entity786 500 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) day 1, @entity1259 50 mg/m2 IV day 1, and @entity900 80 mg/m2 IV day 1 (CE'P regimen) alternating every 4 weeks with @entity1499 30 mg/m2 IV day 1, @entity2879 200 mg/m2 IV day 1, and @entity11770 (CCNU) 70 mg/m2 orally day 1 (MEC' regimen) until progression. Of the 123 @entity1 (62 treated and 61 controls) eligible for survival, 115 were fully evaluable for response (58 treated and 57 controls). Response rates were 21% partial response, 53% stable disease, and 26% progressive disease in arm A, and 47% stable disease and 53% progressive disease in arm B. Median survival was 34.3 weeks (range, 4.3 to 218.6+ weeks) in arm A versus 21.1 weeks (range, 4.3 to 188.6 weeks) in arm B; the difference was not significant at P = .153 (Mantel-Cox). Subgroups of @entity1 retrospectively analyzed by age, performance status, stage M0/M1, and weight loss or not showed no significant difference in survival. Poor-risk @entity1 (at least two of the following: poor performance status, stage M1, weight loss) of arm A survived significantly longer than poor-risk @entity1 of arm B (23.6 weeks v 12.4 weeks, Mantel-Cox P = .008); a significant difference in survival was also observed between nonsquamous cell @entity1 of arm A and those of arm B (median survival, 38.6 weeks v 16.7 weeks; Mantel-Cox P = .041). @entity137 on the chemotherapy arm was hematologic (World Health Organization [WHO] grade greater than 3) in 12% of CE'P and in 13% of MEC' courses and gastroenteric (WHO grade greater than 3) in 24% of CE'P courses and in 8% of MEC' courses. Our alternating treatment was not significantly superior to supportive care. It is likely that certain subgroups of the @entity1149 category may have an advantage with chemotherapy.

title: A randomized trial of alternating chemotherapy versus best supportive care in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity11770 :: ('MESH:D008130', 'Chemical') :: ['lomustine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity571 undergoing shoulder arthroplasty may suffer from @entity170 . The purpose of this study was to determine whether computed tomography (CT)-derived Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements correlate with @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and whether these data could predict implant size and fixation choice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study analyzed preoperative dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and shoulder CT scans for 230 @entity1 who underwent total shoulder arthroplasty. @entity536 in the humerus were correlated. HU cutoff values were developed to aid in differentiating @entity1 whose @entity79 values were within normal reference ranges from @entity1 with @entity2331 or @entity170 . Risk factors associated with low @entity79 were correlated, and the effect of @entity79 on humeral stem size, and fixation method was investigated. RESULTS: Significant correlations between HU and hip @entity79 and T score were identified (P < .001). HU value ranges were identified that may alert the surgeon of @entity2331 . Significant correlation (P < 0.05) was found between low @entity79 and certain @entity170 risk factors. Age at time of surgery was a predictor of cemented stem fixation (P = .024). @entity1 with a lower @entity79 were statistically more likely to receive a larger-diameter humeral stem (P = .016). CONCLUSIONS: Orthopedic surgeons may be able to use data obtained from shoulder CT scans to predict the need for larger stem size or cement fixation during shoulder arthroplasty. In combination with the risk factor profile, these data may be useful in predicting the need for an @entity170 workup and treatment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, Study of Nonconsecutive @entity1 , Diagnostic Study.

title: XXXX and @entity571 : incidence, risk factors, and surgical implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['Hip BMD and T scores and HU attenuation']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia', 'metabolic bone disease']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis']


abstract: During a 36-month period 83 cases of @entity4008 were seen, giving an overall annual incidence rate of 134 per 10(5) population. The highest incidence was seen in @entity1 (930 per 10(5) @entity1 ) and 59% of the @entity1 were 0-5 years of age (incidence rate 207 per 10(5) @entity1 ). Pathogens were successfully identified in 80% of the cases, by employing a combination of microscopy and antigen detection using a commercially available latex agglutination kit. @entity3631 was identified in 58%, @entity328 in 29%, @entity327 type b in 11% and dual infection with @entity327 type b and @entity2260 in 3% of the cases. Serogrouping was successfully performed on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) deposits from 8 cases of @entity10217 ; 7 belonged to serogroup C and 1 to serogroup Y. There was a significant difference in the geometric mean age of @entity693 caused by the three organisms. There was no seasonal or geographical clustering of cases caused by @entity3631 . Although admissions for severe @entity55 in @entity1 less than 5 years of age peaked during the cold dry season (July-October), this was not associated with a similar peak in @entity693 admissions caused by @entity327 or @entity2260 . The overall case fatality rate was 15.7%, and the highest case fatality rate was found in @entity1 (28%). @entity693 caused by @entity327 was associated with the highest case fatality rate (29%) and @entity3631 with the lowest (8%), but the difference was not statistically significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The epidemiology of XXXX occurring in a Pacific Island population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['H. influenzae', 'Haemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity10217 :: ('MESH:D008585', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis', 'Meningitis']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis', 'N. meningitidis']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity4008 :: (MESH:D016920,Disease) :: ['bacterial meningitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: DNA ploidy has been shown to play a role in the response to cytotoxic therapy in a variety of @entity5 , including @entity0 and @entity320 . However, the importance of DNA ploidy in @entity5 is unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine whether ploidy status might be associated with response to postoperative chemoradiation in @entity2802 Stages II to III @entity5 . METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed data from 229 @entity1 with @entity2802 Stages II to III @entity5 who underwent resection between 1979 and 1984. The ploidy status and treatment modalities in relation to outcome were assessed. RESULTS: The recurrence-free ten-year survival rate was 52.2 percent for @entity1 with diploidy and 50.5 percent for @entity1 with nondiploidy (P = 0.99). The ten-year survival rates for @entity1 with diploidy and @entity1 with nondiploidy were 55 and 19 percent (P = 0.016) in the chemoradiation group, and 51 and 60 percent (P = 0.15) in the nonchemoradiation group, respectively. In the chemoradiation group, DNA nondiploidy was associated with an increased recurrence rate (83.3 vs. 50.0 percent; P = 0.001). The interaction between DNA nondiploidy and chemoradiation remained important in predicting outcome in the Cox regression model. Factors independently correlated with a worse outcome included Stage IIIb (relative risk, 2.9; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.7-5; P = 0.0001), perineural invasion (relative risk, 2.5; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.6-4, P = 0.0001), @entity5 (relative risk, 1.7; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1-2.7, P = 0.014), and nondiploidy with chemoradiation (relative risk, 2.9; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.2-7.2, P = 0.0213). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that DNA nondiploidy is inversely correlated with long-term outcome among @entity1 with high-risk @entity5 receiving chemoradiation.

title: Different prognostic effect of postoperative chemoradiation therapy on diploid and nondiploid high-risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['distal tumor', 'rectal cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: @entity706 ( @entity706 ) is a rare presentation of extranodal @entity1893 with a natural history distinct from other @entity706 . This study was to evaluate the clinical and pathologic characteristics, treatment outcomes and prognosis of @entity706 . METHODS: The records of 14 @entity706 @entity1 , treated at Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University from 1994 to 2006, were analyzed. RESULTS: The primary involvement sites included the maxillary sinus (11 cases), ethmoid sinus (2 cases), and sphenoid sinus (1 case). All @entity1 were at stage I-II (Ann Arbor system). According to the AJCC TNM staging system, most @entity1 had advanced @entity3214 . Of the 14 @entity1 , 12 had B-cell @entity706 , 1 had T-cell @entity706 , and 1 had unclassified @entity706 . The most common type was diffuse large B-cell @entity706 (6 cases, 42.9%). Two @entity1 underwent total maxillectomy and 12 underwent local excision or biopsy. All @entity1 received chemotherapy and 6 received radiotherapy after chemotherapy. Both 5-year overall and event-free survival rates were 78.6%, with a median survival of 59.5 months(range, 2-192 months). CONCLUSIONS: @entity706 is an uncommon presentation of @entity706 characterized by bulky @entity66 . Diffuse large @entity1892 is the most common histologic type and the maxillary sinus is the most common original site of @entity706 . A combined-modality approach with systemic chemotherapy and local-regional radiation is recommended for @entity706 @entity1 . The prognosis of @entity706 is relatively good.

title: [Primary XXXX of the paranasal sinuses: a report of 14 cases].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['PPSL', 'lymphoma', 'Primary paranasal sinus lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the dietary energy and protein intake of undernourished older adults (with and without @entity73 ) admitted to hospital following a @entity174 and to determine whether dietary intakes met estimated requirements. DESIGN: An observational study of a sequential sample. SETTING: The orthopaedic ward of a South Australian metropolitan teaching hospital. SUBJECTS: Sixty-eight @entity1 aged > or =70 years screened as undernourished and admitted to hospital following @entity174 (50% cognitively impaired) provided 3 to 5 days of dietary data. MAJOR OUTCOME METHODS: Dietary energy and protein intake. METHODS: Dietary assessment using plate waste methodology and snack record charts commenced within 6 days postinjury and continued for up to five consecutive days or until discharge. Estimated resting energy requirements were calculated and adjusted for activity equivalent to bed rest and physiological stress. Protein requirements were calculated as 1 g/kg/day. Cognition was assessed using the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire. RESULTS: Cognitively impaired @entity1 and those without @entity73 consumed, mean (95% CI) respectively, 3661 kJ/day (3201, 4121) versus 4208 kJ/day (3798, 4619) and 38 g (33, 44) versus 47 g (41, 52) protein/day. Cognitively impaired @entity1 consumed mean (95% CI) 48% (43, 53) of estimated total energy expenditure and 78% (69, 87) of estimated protein requirements. CONCLUSIONS: Orthopaedic @entity174 @entity1 at greatest nutritional risk, including those with @entity73 , do not achieve estimated energy or protein requirements from diet alone. Effective methods of achieving requirements in this vulnerable group are needed before improvements in outcomes will be observed.

title: @entity174 , XXXX and risk of subsequent malnutrition: a prospective evaluation of dietary energy and protein intake on an orthopaedic ward.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity923 ( @entity923 ) and @entity1795 ( @entity1795 ) are common conditions that may occur in the same @entity1 . The etiology of most cases is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of concomitant occurrence of these two conditions at presentation and to compare the concomitant occurrence in normal and @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS: One-hundred and eight consecutive subjects presenting to our hand clinic with @entity923 and/or @entity1795 were evaluated. The existence of both of these conditions was documented through a standard history and physical examination. The definition of @entity1795 was determined by tenderness over the A1 pulley, catching, clicking or locking. @entity923 was defined in the presence of at least two of the following: numbness and tingling in a median nerve distribution, motor and @entity393 (median nerve), a positive Tinel's or Phalen's test and positive electrophysiologic studies. RESULTS: The average age of the @entity1 was 62.2 +/- 13.6 years. Sixty-seven @entity1 presented with symptoms and signs of @entity923 (62%), 41 (38%) subjects with signs and symptoms of @entity1795 . Following further evaluation, 66 @entity1 (61%) had evidence of concomitant @entity923 and @entity1795 . Fifty-seven @entity1 (53% of all study @entity1 ) had @entity6 . The rate of subjects with @entity6 was similar among the groups (p = 0.8, Chi-square test). CONCLUSION: @entity923 and @entity1795 commonly occur together at presentation though the symptoms of one condition will be more prominent. Our results support a common local mechanism that may be unrelated to the presence of @entity6 . We recommend evaluation for both conditions at the time of presentation.

title: Concomitant presentation of @entity923 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['CTS', 'Carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['sensory nerve loss']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['trigger finger', 'TF']

answer: @entity1795 :: (MESH:D052582,Disease) :: ['trigger finger']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Familial or sporadic male-limited precocious puberty is a distinct and unusual gonadotrophin-independent form of @entity17246 caused by constitutively activating mutations of the @entity10548 ( @entity10548 ). In the present study, we evaluated the effect of known activating mutations at different sites of the @entity10548 gene on the @entity444 in both sexes. @entity1 : Four unrelated Brazilian @entity1 (I-IV) with gonadotrophin-independent precocious puberty and two asymptomatic females (V-VI), a sister and mother of two of the affected @entity1 , were studied. @entity1 I, II and V carried the @entity56769 mutation located at the third intracellular loop of the @entity10548 . @entity1 III carried the @entity56770 mutation at the third transmembrane helix, and @entity1 IV and VI carried the @entity56771 mutation at the sixth transmembrane helix of the @entity10548 . MEASUREMENTS: Serum levels of LH, FSH, @entity251 , and @entity53 under basal and @entity1176 -stimulated conditions were determined in all @entity1 . @entity251 levels were also measured after a hCG stimulation test in @entity1 III. RESULTS: Basal LH and FSH levels were prepubertal in all @entity1 studied. The @entity1176 -stimulated serum LH and FSH levels were prepubertal in three @entity1 (I, II and IV), whereas @entity1 III showed totally suppressed LH and FSH levels at ages 2 and 7 years (bone ages 6 and 14 years, respectively). Serum @entity251 levels ranged from 3.8 to 69.5 nmol/l in the four @entity1 . @entity1 III had the highest @entity251 levels that did not respond to hCG stimulation. The 4 year-old @entity1 ( @entity1 V) was phenotypically normal and the acute response to @entity1176 was indicative of prepubertal status. @entity1 VI had normal menstrual cycles and fertility. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate variable effects of @entity10548 activating mutations on the @entity444 in @entity1 that can result in lack of normal LH and FSH release. In contrast, prepubertal and adult females were asymptomatic and had normal basal and @entity1176 -stimulated LH and FSH levels.

title: The effect of distinct activating mutations of the XXXX gene on the @entity444 in both sexes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'girl', 'PATIENTS', 'patient', 'Patient', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity17246 :: ('MESH:C538542', 'Disease') :: ['sexual precocity']

entities_list: @entity56771 :: ('p|SUB|T|577|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Thr577Ile']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary-gonadal axis']

entities_list: @entity56769 :: ('p|SUB|A|568|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ala568Val']

entities_list: @entity56770 :: ('p|SUB|L|457|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Leu457Arg']

entities_list: @entity10548 :: ('3973', 'Gene') :: ['LHR', 'luteinizing hormone receptor']

answer: @entity10548 :: (3973,Gene) :: ['luteinizing hormone receptor']


abstract: @entity2583 is a rare complication in immunocompromised @entity1 . Antemortem diagnosis of @entity2583 is difficult and often incorrect. We report a case of @entity358 caused by Cunninghamella bertholletiae in an elderly @entity1 with @entity401 . The diagnosis of @entity2583 was established by bronchoalveolar lavage. A coexisting @entity3230 condition was considered. @entity2 was suspected because of an elevated @entity53081 -releasing peptide level and bilateral hilar and mediastinal @entity3329 ; it was diagnosed after performing endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration. Treatment by intravenous liposomal @entity2379 was effective, but relapse occurred because of @entity236 caused by chemotherapy for @entity2 . Treatment for @entity2583 was resumed, but the @entity1 died of @entity3909 . Autopsy confirmed the diagnosis of @entity358 and revealed @entity417 with @entity151 . @entity2583 often occurs in immunocompromised @entity1 , but this case is rare because the @entity2583 was diagnosed before the diagnosis of @entity5 . Because prognosis is often poor, the possibility of coexisting @entity5 should always be investigated in @entity1 with @entity281 .

title: Diagnosis of XXXX aiding the diagnosis of @entity151 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity2583 :: ('MESH:D009091', 'Disease') :: ['mucormycosis', 'Mucormycosis']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['refractory anaemia']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous lymphangiosis']

entities_list: @entity53081 :: ('MESH:C013706', 'Chemical') :: ['progastrin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mucormycosis infections']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary mucormycosis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow suppression']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3230 :: ('MESH:C565469', 'Disease') :: ['immune deficiency']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary mucormycosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize a rare @entity74 with linkage to chromosome 1p31. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical data for 7 @entity1 in whom cosegregation of the disease with chromosome 1p31 had been demonstrated. In addition, in 1 kindred, prenatal diagnosis in the second @entity1 was established, allowing a prospective clinical evaluation. RESULTS: Clinical presentation of the @entity1 was homogeneous and included premature birth attributable to polyhydramnios, severe renal salt loss, normotensive hyperreninemia, @entity5838 , and excessive hyperprostaglandin E-uria, which suggested the diagnosis of @entity17100 . However, the response to @entity3352 was only poor, accounting for a more severe variant of the disease. The @entity1 invariably developed @entity177 . The majority had extreme @entity851 , and motor development was markedly delayed. In addition, all @entity1 turned out to be deaf. CONCLUSION: The @entity8 with @entity177 and @entity1274 represents not only genetically but also clinically a disease entity distinct from @entity17100 . A pleiotropic effect of a @entity74 is most likely causative for @entity393 .

title: @entity8 with @entity177 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemic alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathy']

entities_list: @entity17100 :: ('MESH:C537652', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprostaglandin E syndrome/antenatal Bartter syndrome']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural deafness']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['single gene defect', 'inherited hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathy']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['syndromic hearing loss']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['sensorineural deafness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14 is the second leading cause of @entity5 deaths in the United States. Fecal occult blood testing has become a standard screening test for @entity5 in the average asymptomatic population. Performance characteristics of the test and physician and @entity1 compliance are the 2 major elements that impact the success of screening and early detection. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the nonhydrated Hemoccult, rehydrated Hemoccult, and Hemoccult SENSA tests (SmithKline Diagnostics Inc, Palo Alto, @entity2948 ) and to assess @entity1 and physician compliance. METHODS: A mass community-based screening study in an urban setting. Kits were distributed by a local pharmacy and at community sites. Diagnostic tests were completed through physicians' offices and clinics. @entity1 were asymptomatic and aged 50 years or older. Those who tested positive were advised to follow up with a physician. RESULTS: An overall positivity rate of 16% was reported for the 8293 kits that were processed. Rehydrated Hemoccult had a positivity rate of 15%; Hemoccult SENSA, 7%; and nonhydrated Hemoccult, 5%. The positive predictive value of nonhydrated Hemoccult was 14%; rehydrated Hemoccult, 7%; and Hemoccult SENSA, 11%. Of those who tested positive, 59% had a colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy and double-contrast barium enema examination on follow-up. Recommended follow-up was more frequent for those who consulted a gastroenterologist. CONCLUSIONS: Rehydrated Hemoccult yielded a higher positivity rate and lower positive predictive value than either Hemoccult SENSA or nonhydrated Hemoccult. Hemoccult SENSA approached the positive predictive value of nonhydrated Hemoccult. Adequacy of follow-up of @entity1 testing positive for @entity1503 needs improvement.

title: Screening for @entity14 . A comparison of 3 XXXX tests.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'large-bowel cancers']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['fecal occult blood']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['fecal occult blood']


abstract: Twenty consecutive @entity1 with @entity0 were evaluated following chemotherapy using MRI to assess the size of @entity5 residua and compare these data with subsequent histologic measurements of the viable @entity5 . This retrospective study also involved assessment of the preoperative size of the @entity5 as determined by physical exam and x-ray mammogram. These values were later compared with the histology. The @entity5 size correlation coefficient between MRI and pathologic analysis was the highest, at 0.93. Physical exam and x-ray mammography (available for 17 @entity1 ) produced correlation coefficients of 0.72 and 0.63, respectively, compared to histologic measurement. The accuracy of MRI did not vary with the size of @entity5 residua. MRI is an accurate method for preoperative assessment of @entity0 residua following chemotherapy. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:868-875.

title: MRI vs. histologic measurement of XXXX following chemotherapy: comparison with x-ray mammography and palpation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Sera of 15 healthy controls and 33 @entity1 suffering from @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) were investigated for soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) expression with a cell-free enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system (T-Cell Sciences; Cambridge, U.S.A.). The upper limit of the assay is indicated with 477 U/ml. According to the @entity1334 classification eight @entity417 ( @entity417 ), 15 @entity417 ( @entity417 ), five @entity417 in transformation (RAEBt) and five @entity6130 ( @entity6130 ) were examined. None of the @entity1 had reported @entity166 episodes or been under treatment with cytotoxic agents and/or cytokines within the previous 3 months. Significant differences in sIL-2R levels between @entity417 (median 368 U/ml). @entity417 (median 675 U/ml) and RAEBt (median 971 U/ml) and between @entity417 and @entity6130 (median 723 U/ml) were detected. Six @entity1 , who had been under treatment with rhGM-CSF for at least 2 weeks, demonstrated a three- to sevenfold increase of sIL-2R expression compared to pretreatment levels. In kinetic evaluation of serum samples for 24 h, the increase of sIL-2R expression begins within 4 h after subcutaneous application of @entity2841 and reaches its maximum after 12 h. Our data cannot suggest whether increased sIL-2R expression is a primary event due to involvement of lymphocytes in the malignant clone or whether it results from secondary alteration of the cytokine network. Application of @entity2841 in @entity2590 may result in improvement of altered lymphocyte function. As @entity2841 induces sIL-2R expression, a down regulation of the immune response caused by neutralization of free @entity1199 cannot be excluded.

title: Detection of soluble IL-2 receptor in the serum of XXXX with @entity2590 : induction under therapy with @entity2841 .

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['refractory anaemia', 'refractory anaemia with excess of blasts', 'RAEB', 'refractory anaemia with excess blasts', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity6130 :: ('MESH:D015477', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia', 'CMML']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical and neurophysiological pattern of @entity5011 ( @entity5011 ) in Kuwait. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical records of consecutive @entity5011 @entity1 admitted to Ibn Sina Hospital, Kuwait, during a 7-year period between 1997 and 2003 were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 41 cases, 77% were male. The majority of the cases presented during the winter months and a preceding @entity281 was reported in two thirds of them. Proximal @entity6250 ( @entity6250 ) weakness was the predominant clinical presentation. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) demonstrated a demyelinating pattern in 70%, an axonal pattern in 15%, mixed type in 5% and no abnormality in the remaining 5%. The majority of the @entity1 (73%) improved with one course of intravenous immunoglobulin (IV IG). @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) was 4.4 weeks. Delayed recovery ( @entity1054 > or =6 weeks) was noted in @entity1 with predominant @entity425 in the @entity6250 ( @entity1054 7.8 weeks; p = 0.001), proximal weakness in the @entity3140 ( @entity3140 ) ( @entity1054 6 weeks; p = 0.005), autonomic disturbance ( @entity1054 6.5 weeks; p = 0.05), and @entity5011 ( @entity1054 6 weeks; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The presence of predominant @entity425 in @entity6250 , proximal weakness in @entity3140 , autonomic disturbance and axonal pattern in NCS predict a poor outcome. Hence we recommend early immunomodulatory therapy in @entity1 presenting with these features.

title: Clinical and neurophysiological pattern of XXXX in Kuwait.

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['distal weakness']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'axonal type GBS', 'Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['Mean recovery time', 'MRT']

answer: @entity5011 :: (MESH:D020275,Disease) :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1 @entity3871 ( @entity3871 ) is the primary active protein for @entity2213 uptake into target @entity1861 -positive cells. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used by @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) @entity1 on @entity2213 to manage musculoskeletal complaints. METHODS: Here we investigated the impact of NSAIDs on functional activity of the @entity3871 ( @entity3871 activity; @entity571 ) in @entity1860 cells. RESULTS: Although ten of twelve NSAIDs tested had no significant impact on @entity571 (P>0.05), we observed increased @entity571 (27% increase in K562; 22% increase in KU812 cells, P<0.05) and reduced IC50( @entity2213 ) when treated with @entity3522 . Co-incubation with @entity2213 and @entity3522 resulted in a significantly lower viable cell number compared with @entity2213 alone. In contrast, @entity5018 led to a significant decrease in @entity571 , an increase in IC50( @entity2213 ) and thus reduced the @entity137 of @entity2213 . In primary @entity1860 samples, @entity3522 significantly increased @entity571 , particularly in @entity1 with low @entity571 (<4 ng per 200 000 cells), and significantly decreased IC50( @entity2213 ). @entity5018 induced significant decreases in @entity571 in @entity1860 samples and healthy donors. CONCLUSION: On the basis of the expected impact of these two drugs on @entity571 , @entity5018 should be avoided in combination with @entity2213 . Further studies are warranted regarding the potential benefit of @entity3522 to improve @entity571 in a clinical setting.

title: Contrasting effects of @entity3522 and @entity5018 on active XXXX uptake into leukaemic cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3871 :: ('6580', 'Gene') :: ['OCT-1', 'organic cation transporter-1']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['Ibuprofen', 'ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity2213 :: (MESH:C097613,Chemical) :: ['imatinib']