abstract: @entity4380 ( @entity6655 ) is a frequent cause of hospitalization and mortality in @entity1 worldwide. The molecular epidemiology and circulation pattern of @entity6655 in Saudi Arabia is mostly uncharted. In the current study, the genetic variability and phylogenetic relationships of @entity6655 type A strains circulating in Riyadh Province were explored. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from hospitalized @entity1 with acute respiratory symptoms during the winter-spring seasons of 2007/08 and 2008/09. Among 175 samples analyzed, 39 (22.3  %) were positive for @entity6655 by one-step RT-PCR (59  % type A and 41  % type B). Propagation of positive samples in HEp-2 cells permitted the recovery of the first Saudi @entity6655 isolates. Genetic variability among Saudi @entity6655 -A strains was evaluated by sequence analysis of the complete attachment (G) protein gene. The @entity377 sequence was compared to representatives of the previously identified @entity6655 -A genotypes. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that the strains examined in this study were very closely related at both the @entity377 and @entity535 level, and all of them are clustered in the @entity14906 genotype (and mostly belonged to the NA-1 subtype). A total of 23 mutation sites, 14 of which resulted in an @entity535 change, were recorded only in Saudi strains. This is the first report on genetic diversity of @entity6655 -A strains in Saudi Arabia. Further analysis of strains on a geographical and temporal basis is needed to fully understand @entity6655 -A circulation patterns in Saudi Arabia.

title: Genetic diversity in the G protein gene of group A XXXX respiratory syncytial viruses circulating in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity4380 :: ('11250', 'Species') :: ['Human respiratory syncytial virus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Carotid plaques and elevated carotid artery @entity121 ( @entity121 ) are major predictors of vascular morbidity and mortality. Our aim was to test their association with 2 polymorphisms of the @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) gene, epsilon and @entity47539 . METHODS: The study was performed on 5856 subjects aged > or =65 years recruited from the French population for the Three-City Study. Carotid ultrasound examination included an assessment of atherosclerotic plaques in the extracranial carotid arteries and a measurement of @entity121 in the common carotid arteries (CCA) at a site free of plaques. The genetic association was tested using genotype and haplotype analyses. RESULTS: In a multivariate analysis including both polymorphisms and vascular risk factors, carotid plaques were more frequent in epsilon4 homozygotes (adjusted odds ratio=2.12, 95% CI=1.27 to 3.53) and less frequent in epsilon2 carriers (adjusted odds ratio=0.79, 95% CI=0.66 to 0.95) compared with epsilon3 homozygotes. Adjusting for and stratifying on lipid levels did not modify these results. @entity2998 was higher in carriers of the epsilon34 genotype (mean @entity2998 =0.744 mm versus 0.732 mm for the epsilon33 genotype, P=0.002), but the association disappeared after excluding subjects with carotid plaques. No association was found between the -219 polymorphism and either carotid plaques or @entity2998 , and there was no interaction or cis-effect between -219 and epsilon. CONCLUSIONS: This study, conducted on a large population cohort of French elderly, demonstrated that carotid plaques were significantly associated with the @entity2204 epsilon polymorphism independently of the -219 polymorphism and vascular risk factors, in particular lipid levels.

title: New insight into the association of @entity2204 genetic variants with carotid plaques and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apoE', 'apolipoprotein E']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['intima-media thickness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Manifestation of distant metastases in @entity320 @entity1 commonly indicates a poor prognosis. The aim of the current study was to examine the role of surgical treatment in these @entity1 . METHODS: Data from 444 @entity1 with distant @entity320 metastases were gathered prospectively from January 1978 through December 1997. Characteristics of the @entity5 , time until the first occurrence of distant metastases, frequency and site of distant metastases, surgical therapy, and survival were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Histology, Breslow thickness, Clark level, and pT and pN categories (UICC 1997) significantly influenced the median interval from initial diagnosis to manifestation of distant metastases. The most common single localization was the lung (n = 83), followed by distant lymph node (n = 79), and skin metastases (n = 51). One hundred seventy-four @entity1 received surgical treatment (39%) and 111 (25%) @entity1 received surgical treatment with curative resection (R0, UICC 1997), most frequently in distant lymph node or skin metastases (57% and 59%, respectively). Median survival time and 2-year survival rate for all @entity1 were 7 months and 15.8%, respectively, 17 months and 36.1% following curative resection, 6 months and 12.7% after incomplete resection (n = 63) (P < 0.0001). Conservatively treated @entity1 survived for a median of only 4 months with a 2-year survival of 8.1%. Multivariate survival analysis showed localization of the @entity5 (head/neck/trunk vs. extremities), the number of involved sites, and surgical therapy to be independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical therapy of distant metastases was most beneficial when complete removal of metastatic tissue was achieved. Selection of @entity1 for surgical excision should be determined by individual @entity1 indications.

title: Surgical therapy for distant metastases of malignant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2474 ( @entity2474 ) is a @entity717 frequently caused by mutations in the epsilon-sarcoglycan gene ( @entity20142 , @entity20142 ). In several @entity2474 families, @entity146 symptoms accompanying the motor symptoms have been reported, but a shared genetic etiology remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To assess neuropsychologic functioning and psychopathology in @entity20142 mutation carriers (MC) and their family members using standardized neuropsychologic and @entity146 measures. METHODS: Cognitive and behavioural characteristics of 27 @entity20142 MC (14 symptomatic and 13 asymptomatic) and 42 control subjects from 1 large Dutch @entity2474 family were studied. Neuropsychologic tests encompassed memory, language, mental speed, concentration, visuospatial function, and executive functions. Psychiatric assessment addressed qualitative (according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV criteria) as well as quantitative measures of @entity308 , @entity148 , @entity4697 , and @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ), using selfadministered and interview-based scales. RESULTS: No differences were observed on tests of cognitive functioning between @entity20142 MC and controls. The frequency of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV diagnoses was higher in the symptomatic @entity20142 MC than in controls. The symptomatic @entity20142 MC showed more @entity308 and @entity148 , including @entity4697 but no increase of @entity3119 compared with controls. No differences were found between asymptomatic @entity20142 MC and controls on any of the psychopathologic tests. CONCLUSIONS: Neither @entity73 nor @entity3119 seems to be associated with the @entity20142 phenotype in this large Dutch pedigree. @entity308 are increased in symptomatic, but not in asymptomatic @entity20142 MC. Future research has to be carried out to determine whether the @entity146 symptoms are part of or secondary to the @entity20142 phenotype.

title: Is psychopathology part of the phenotypic spectrum of XXXX ?: a study of a large Dutch @entity2474 family.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive', 'Depressive and anxiety symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic attacks']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2474 :: ('MESH:C536096', 'Disease') :: ['M-D', 'Myoclonus-dystonia']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder', 'OCD']

answer: @entity2474 :: (MESH:C536096,Disease) :: ['myoclonus-dystonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between blood flow in the @entity5 assessed by color Doppler ultrasound, microvessel density, and @entity7 levels in @entity1204 . METHODS: Forty-nine @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity1204 were enrolled. Transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound was performed preoperatively and the lowest @entity3013 ( @entity3013 ) in the @entity5 was recorded for analysis. @entity7 in the @entity5 was quantified by enzyme immunoassay. The microvessel density of the excised @entity5 was assessed immunohistochemically. The relationships between the corresponding @entity3013 , microvessel density, and @entity7 level of the @entity5 tissues and clinical and pathologic parameters were analyzed. RESULTS: Significantly lower RIs were noted in @entity5 of stage II or greater (0.37 compared with 0.50, P <.001), of high histologic grade (grade 3) (0.34 compared with 0.49, P =.004), with deep @entity3 (one-half depth or greater) (0.39 compared with 0.49, P =.002), with @entity999 (0.38 compared with 0.49, P <.001), or with lymph node @entity3 (0.30 compared with 0.49, P <.001) compared with stage I @entity5 and @entity5 of histologic grade 1 or 2, with superficial @entity3 , without @entity999 , or with no lymph node @entity3 . Increased @entity7 levels and microvessel density (x200 field) also were detected in @entity5 of stage II or greater (975 compared with 129 pg/mg, P =.014; and 88 compared with 61, P =.018, respectively), with @entity999 (1138 compared with 120 pg/mg, P =.002; and 86 compared with 63, P =.023), or with lymph node @entity3 (1011 compared with 95 pg/mg, P <.001; and 98 compared with 61, P =. 019). Resistance index, microvessel density, and @entity7 levels in the @entity5 showed linear correlations ( @entity3013 compared with microvessel density: r = -.32, P =. 03; @entity3013 compared with @entity7 levels: r = -.40, P =.004; microvessel density compared with @entity7 levels: r =.36, P =.011). CONCLUSION: Blood flow assessed by color Doppler ultrasound has histologic and biologic correlations with @entity7499 and @entity7 levels and might play an important role in predicting @entity5 progression and @entity3 in @entity1204 .

title: Angiogenesis of @entity1204 assessed by measurement of intratumoral blood flow, microvessel density, and XXXX levels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular emboli']

entities_list: @entity3013 :: ('MESH:D060467', 'Disease') :: ['resistance index', 'RI']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'myometrial invasion']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: AIM: to perform comparative evaluation of intra- and postoperative clinical RESULTS in @entity1 with complicated @entity231 ( @entity9998 , or surgically treated @entity726 ) undergoing either standard or femtosecond laser-assisted phacoemulsification. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 197 @entity1 (245 eyes) aged 32-85 years (58.5 years on average) with complicated @entity231 were divided into two groups by the technique used for phacoemulsification. Group 1 (main group, 120 eyes of 105 @entity1 ) underwent femtosecond laser-assisted phacoemulsification. Group 2 (controls, 125 eyes of 92 @entity1 ) received standard procedures. Subjective and objective measures of ocular structure and function were evaluated in 1, 3, and 7 days and 1 month after the surgery. RESULTS: In the femtosecond laser-assisted group, all lenses were well-centered in the capsular bag as documented by ultrasound biomicroscopy. During the whole follow-up period the studied parameters were stable. No dislocations occurred. In group 2 (standard phaco), all parameters demonstrated high changeability over the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: The improved technique of femtosecond laser-assisted phacoemulsification offers many advantages to surgical management of complicated @entity231 . Not only does it allow to reduce ultrasound time, but also to perform precise capsulorhexis with preset parameters, @entity260 rates, and improve refraction outcomes in such @entity1 .

title: [Effectiveness of femtosecond laser assistance in complicated XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts']

entities_list: @entity9998 :: ('MESH:D017889', 'Disease') :: ['grade I-II lens subluxation, pseudoexfoliation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['decrease intra- and postoperative complications']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataracts']


abstract: The authors report the preliminary results of 14 @entity1 with localized, mobile, resectable @entity5 treated with local excision and postoperative @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ). All had negative surgical resection margins and two received @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ). The median follow-up was 29 months (4-43 months). The 3-year actuarial survival was 88%. The incidence of local failure was 7% (only site of failure) and 21% (component of failure). The incidence of local failure increased with T stage ( @entity7460 [0%]; T2, 1/7 [14%]; and T3, 2/4 [50%]) and @entity5 size (greater than 3 cm, 33%, versus less than or equal to 3 cm, 0%). Three @entity1 developed local failure at 6, 15, and 21 months. Three underwent a salvage abdominoperineal resection and were locally controlled at 2 and 28 months following salvage surgery. One @entity1 underwent an abdominoperineal resection for a clinically presumed local failure; however, no @entity5 was found in the specimen. Therefore, the 13 @entity1 who either were initially locally controlled or underwent salvage or nonsalvage surgery had no evidence of disease in the pelvis at the time of last follow-up. Local excision and @entity86 may be an alternative to standard surgery in selected cases. However, additional follow-up and more experience are needed in order to determine if this approach will ultimately have local control and survival rates similar to those of a low anterior resection or an abdominoperineal resection.

title: Sphincter preservation in XXXX by local excision and postoperative @entity1161 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative RT']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To explore how adults who have sustained severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ) conceptualize self several years after injury. DESIGN: Self-conceptualization was explored from the perspective of the injured individual within a constructivist Grounded Theory approach using in-depth interviews. Qualitative analysis moved through a process of data-driven open and focused coding, identification of emergent self-related categories and exploration of relations between these categories. @entity1 : Sixteen @entity1 and four @entity1 with severe-very severe injury participated in the study. @entity130 was indexed by either a Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score  <=8 or duration of post-traumatic @entity2730 (PTA) >= 14 days. At the time of interview, the average age of @entity1 was 35.2 years and a minimum of 5 years had elapsed since injury. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Three main themes emerged from the data. The first two themes together described a model of self-concept. The third theme captured the insider's perspective on factors that had helped to create and maintain a sense of connection between self and society. CONCLUSION: Conceptualization of self after @entity1545 is a dynamic and multi-faceted process. Insight into the process can guide the development of therapeutic endeavours to facilitate the ongoing construction of self after severe @entity131 .

title: Conceptualizing self and maintaining social connection following severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Severity of injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In this prospective follow-up study, the effect of @entity296 on myocardial performance in symptomatic severe @entity472 was investigated, and the impact of @entity82 on clinical outcome after aortic valve replacement (AVR) was estimated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty-eight consecutive @entity1 with isolated symptomatic severe @entity472 underwent extensive baseline characterization before AVR. Standard and tissue Doppler echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (late-enhancement imaging for replacement @entity82 ) were performed at baseline and 9 months after AVR. Endomyocardial biopsies were obtained intraoperatively to determine the degree of @entity296 . @entity1 were analyzed according to the severity of @entity82 in cardiac biopsies (severe, n=21; mild, n=15; none, n=22). The extent of histologically determined cardiac @entity82 at baseline correlated closely with New York Heart Association functional class and markers of longitudinal systolic function (all P<0.001) but not global ejection fraction or aortic valve area. Nine months after AVR, the degree of late enhancement remained unchanged, implying that AVR failed to reduce the degree of replacement @entity82 . @entity1 with no @entity82 experienced a marked improvement in New York Heart Association class from 2.8+/-0.4 to 1.4+/-0.5 (P<0.001). Only parameters of longitudinal systolic function predicted this functional improvement. Four @entity1 with severe @entity82 died during follow-up, but no @entity1 from the other groups died. CONCLUSIONS: @entity296 is an important morphological substrate of postoperative clinical outcome in @entity1 with severe @entity472 and was not reversible after AVR over the 9 months of follow-up examined in this study. Because markers of longitudinal systolic function appear to indicate sensitively both the severity of @entity296 and the clinical outcome, they may prove valuable for preoperative risk assessment in @entity1 with @entity472 .

title: Impact of @entity296 in @entity1 with symptomatic severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis', 'Myocardial fibrosis']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: @entity6683 diphosphoglucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are detoxifying enzymes responsible for the metabolism of endogenous and xenobiotics compounds. UGT isoforms are widely distributed in @entity35 tissues showing a constitutive and inducible gene expression. However, little information is available concerning UGTs expression in testis. The @entity16294 , @entity31744 , and UGT1B1 mRNAs expression in whole @entity35 testis, in Sertoli and peritubular myoid cells in basal conditions, and after hormonal and @entity519 stimulation were investigated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Constitutive expression of each @entity31744 isoform was present in @entity35 testis with higher levels of @entity31744 . UGT transcripts were also detected in Sertoli and peritubular myoid cells. After FSH stimulation, Sertoli cells showed an increase in UGT1B1 mRNA expression, whereas the levels of @entity16294 and @entity31744 resulted unmodified. The main effect induced by @entity251 was a decrease of UGT1B1 mRNA expression in peritubular myoid cells, whereas in Sertoli cells an increase in @entity16294 and UGT1B1 was observed. In @entity519 conditions, a reduction in UGTs mRNA levels was detected in both cell types. These findings suggest that @entity35 @entity31744 isoforms are regulated in testis by hormonal and environmental factors. Thus, it was speculated that alterations in UGTs expression and/or activity may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity130 .

title: Follicle-stimulating hormone, @entity251 , and @entity519 differentially regulate UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1 isoforms expression in XXXX sertoli and peritubular myoid cells.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['testis injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the association of kidney function with carotid artery revascularization outcomes in a large contemporary database. BACKGROUND: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is associated with increased mortality and adverse cardiovascular events after coronary intervention. There are limited data evaluating the association between @entity740 and adverse events among @entity1 undergoing carotid artery revascularization procedures. METHODS: The Carotid Artery Revascularization and Endarterectomy (CARE) Registry is a voluntary registry of 168 hospitals. Using data from the CARE Registry, we examined registry @entity1 undergoing carotid artery revascularization by either carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) from May 2005 through March 2010. @entity1 were divided into four groups according to their glomerular filtration rate (GFR), as estimated by the Modification of Diet in @entity8 Study Group equation using preprocedural serum @entity1011 levels. RESULTS: The analysis included 11,832 @entity1 who underwent carotid revascularization (6,899 @entity2998 and 4,933 CEA). @entity1 with lower GFR were older, more frequently female, had more comorbidities, including @entity101 , @entity2299 , @entity3657 , @entity6 , @entity1030 , @entity63 @entity299 , @entity712 , and reduced left ventricular function, and were more likely to undergo @entity2998 than CEA. In the overall population, @entity740 was associated with higher unadjusted in-hospital and 30-day rates of the combined endpoint of @entity204 , @entity64 , and @entity583 and the individual endpoint of @entity64 . After adjustment for baseline and preprocedural characteristics, @entity740 was not an independent predictor of adverse events in either @entity2998 or CEA. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity740 have a greater number of comorbidities and worse unadjusted in-hospital and 30-day outcomes; @entity740 was not, however, an independent predictor of in-hospital and 30-day outcomes after carotid artery revascularization.

title: Impact of glomerular filtration rate on clinical outcomes after carotid artery revascularization in 11,832 XXXX from the CARE registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenting', 'CAS']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'CKD']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Uncertainty remains about the optimal anti-emetic regimen for control of delayed @entity390 and @entity391 after adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity0 . Many @entity1 receive @entity619 but complain of @entity22 , @entity148 / @entity2146 , and indigestion. The aim was to determine if @entity1 receiving chemotherapy for @entity0 prefer treatment with @entity619 or placebo for prophylaxis against delayed @entity390 and @entity391 , and to compare quality of life (QOL) between the two treatments. In this randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial, we compared oral @entity619 (4  mg twice daily for 2  days) versus placebo for chemotherapy-na  ve @entity1 with @entity0 . All @entity1 received intravenous @entity10442 and @entity619 pre-chemotherapy and oral granisetron on day 2. Primary endpoints were: (i) @entity1 preference; (ii) difference between cycles in change of QOL from days 1 to 8. Median age of the 94 @entity1 was 51  years (range 27-76): 79 received @entity1487 / @entity1259 / @entity786 and 15 received @entity632 / @entity786 . Thirteen withdrew pre-cycle 2 with no differences between arms. Of 80 @entity1 stating a preference, 31 preferred placebo (39  %, 95  % CI: 28-50  %) and 37 (46  %, 95  % CI: 35-58  %) preferred @entity619 ; 12 had no preference. There were no differences in intensity of @entity391 , @entity390 , or time to onset of @entity391 . There was greater decrease in global QOL (p  =  0.06) when @entity1 received @entity619 . No other symptom/QOL domains differed significantly. In conclusion, no significant difference was found in @entity1 preference, QOL, or symptoms regardless of whether @entity619 or placebo was used after adjuvant chemotherapy.

title: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over trial of the impact on quality of life of continuing XXXX beyond 24  h following adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity10442 :: ('MESH:D017829', 'Chemical') :: ['granisetron']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: AIMS: The effect of thermal stresses on survival, injury and @entity31778 sensitivity was investigated in @entity10435 PT4, PT7 and @entity796 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Heating at 55 degrees C, rapid chilling to 0.5 degrees C or freezing at -20 degrees C produced transient sensitivity to nisin. Cells were only sensitive if nisin was present during stress. Resistance recovered rapidly afterwards, though some cells displayed @entity130 . Injury was assessed by @entity214 sensitivity, hydrophobicity changes, lipopolysaccharide release and NPN uptake. @entity558 release and hydrophobicity were not always associated with transient nisin sensitivity. Uptake of NPN correlated better but persisted longer after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Thermal shocks produce transient injury to the outer membrane, allowing nisin access. After treatment, the permeability barrier is rapidly restored by a process apparently involving reorganization rather than biosynthetic repair. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Inclusion of nisin during food treatments that impose sub-lethal stress on Gram negatives could increase process lethality, enhancing microbiological safety and stability.

title: Temperature shock, XXXX to nisin in Gram negatives.

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity10435 :: ('149539', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella Enteritidis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['residual injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injury and transient sensitivity']


abstract: Quantitative studies of cytokine gene expression in vivo are necessary in order to properly describe the cytokine network and to elucidate its role in @entity32 . Ideally, one should be able to follow cytokine gene expression in epidermal, @entity1503 . However, such studies are limited by small amounts of available material. Here we report a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cDNA amplification protocol useful for quantification of specific mRNAs in small skin samples. We found that analysis of dilution series of each sample permitted establishment of quantitative PCR amplification conditions using only picogram to nanogram amounts of total RNA. Cytokine mRNA amounts could then be measured relative to an internal standard species, co-reverse transcribed, and co-amplified with the cytokine species as a measure of cDNA input. Large numbers of samples can be screened rapidly with initial short dilution series identifying cytokine-positive samples and the correct dilution range for each, followed by closer analysis in this range. Epidermal samples obtained through curettage of a small skin area, 2-mm dermal biopsies from the scraped sites, and a few blood drops from the biopsy sites all yielded sufficient RNA for analysis by this protocol. Any mRNA of known sequence can be studied. We analyzed @entity687 mRNA levels in more than a hundred epidermal samples from @entity1 and normal test @entity1 and found a variation over several orders of magnitude that seemed to follow the degree of @entity32 .

title: Use of the polymerase chain reaction in quantification of XXXX mRNA in minute epidermal samples.

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['dermal, and blood compartments']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation of the skin', 'skin inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

answer: @entity687 :: (3576,Gene) :: ['interleukin 8']


abstract: A possible treatment for @entity1555 would be to compensate for dystrophin loss by increasing the expression of @entity37660 , another cytoskeletal protein of the muscle membrane. We previously found that @entity534 , the substrate for @entity842 synthase, significantly increased @entity37660 level in muscle and targeted it to the sarcolemma. Here, we have addressed the expected benefit in the mdx @entity19 . Magnetic resonance imaging of lower limbs revealed a 35% reduction of the necrotic zones, confirmed by histological staining of muscles. This regression of the @entity39 was also supported by the drastic reduction of Evans blue incorporation, a cell impermeable dye. The @entity908 kinase level in the serum decreased by 57%. @entity37660 level increased 2- to 3-fold in muscles. Beta-dystroglycan was relocalised with @entity37660 to the membrane. In the diaphragm, the most affected muscle in mdx @entity19 , the isometric tension increased by 30%, with regression of collagen and of cytoplasmic lipid overloading. Finally, @entity17728 , a therapeutic agent that is converted to a NO donor, also attenuated the @entity3986 . Our results suggest that pharmacological activators of the NO pathway may constitute a realistic treatment for @entity1555 .

title: XXXX improves @entity3986 in mdx @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic phenotype']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies', 'Duchenne muscular dystrophies']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity17728 :: ('MESH:D008981', 'Chemical') :: ['molsidomine']

answer: @entity534 :: (CHEBI:16467,Chemical) :: ['L-arginine']


abstract: With the use of a short-term tissue culture method, 27 solid @entity43 specimens (from 22 @entity1 ) were successfully karyotyped. The majority of the specimens were from @entity189 (18 specimens, 2 of which were not invasive). @entity420 (two specimens), two @entity4348 , and one each of clear cell, mucinous, @entity242 , @entity957 , and an unclassified sex @entity189 were also analyzed. The specimens showed marked cytogenetic heterogeneity, ranging from a normal karyotype (46,XX) to very grossly aneuploid, with multiple rearrangements. All chromosomes, excepting 13, 15, 19, 20, and 21 were positively identified in at least one rearrangement. Chromosomes 1, 6, and 7 were most commonly involved. Identified rearrangements were not limited to one @entity189 type. The most common deletions of 1p and 6q were identified in both @entity189 and @entity420 . Deletion of 7q,(del(7)(q32)), was observed only in @entity189 but was limited to three @entity1 . Correlations of modal chromosome count and number of marker chromosomes appeared to be associated with good prognosis for @entity1 with @entity189 .

title: Cytogenetic study of solid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['cord carcinoma', 'serous carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma', 'Adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid carcinomas']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian tumors']


abstract: Chitin is an essential structural component of the @entity375 cell wall whose deposition is regulated throughout the @entity375 life cycle. The temporal and spatial regulation of chitin synthesis was investigated during vegetative growth and mating of @entity375 by localization of the putative catalytic subunit of chitin synthase III, @entity23182 , and its regulator, @entity49140 . Immunolocalization of epitope-tagged @entity23182 revealed a novel localization pattern that is cell cycle-dependent. @entity23182 is polarized as a diffuse ring at the incipient bud site and at the neck between the mother and bud in small-budded cells; it is not found at the neck in large-budded cells containing a single nucleus. In large-budded cells undergoing cytokinesis, it reappears as a ring at the neck. In cells responding to mating @entity5681 , @entity23182 is found throughout the projection. The appearance of @entity23182 at cortical sites correlates with times that chitin synthesis is expected to occur. In addition to its localization at the incipient bud site and neck, @entity23182 is also found in cytoplasmic patches in cells at different stages of the cell cycle. Epitope-tagged @entity49140 also localizes to cytoplasmic patches; these patches contain @entity20328 , a late Golgi-associated enzyme. Unlike @entity23182 , @entity49140 does not accumulate at the incipient bud site or neck. Nearly all @entity23182 patches contain @entity49140 , whereas some @entity49140 patches lack detectable @entity23182 . In the absence of @entity49140 , @entity23182 localizes in cytoplasmic patches, but it is no longer found at the neck or the incipient bud site, indicating that @entity49140 is required for the polarization of @entity23182 . Furthermore, @entity49140 localization is not affected either by temperature shift or by the @entity45825 -66 mutation, however, @entity23182 polarization is affected by temperature shift and @entity45825 -66. We suggest a model in which @entity23182 polarization to cortical sites in @entity375 is dependent on both @entity49140 and the actin cytoskeleton/ @entity45825 .

title: Targeting of chitin synthase 3 to polarized growth sites in XXXX requires @entity49140 and @entity45825 .

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity5681 :: ('CHEBI:26013', 'Chemical') :: ['pheromone']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: AIM: To estimate the colonoscopy burden of introducing population screening for @entity14 in New Zealand. METHODS: Screening for @entity14 using biennial immunochemical faecal occult blood tests offered to @entity1 aged 50-74 years of age was modelled using population estimates from Statistics New Zealand for 2011-2031. Modelling to determine colonoscopy requirements was based on participation and test positivity rates from published results of screening programmes. Estimates of the number of procedures required for ongoing @entity652 surveillance were calculated using screening literature results of @entity652 yield, and New Zealand Guidelines for @entity652 . Sensitivity analysis was undertaken on key parameters. RESULTS: For a test positivity of 6.4%, biennial screening using immunochemical faecal occult blood testing with a 60% participation rate, would require 18,000 colonoscopies nationally, increasing to 28,000 by 2031. The majority of procedures are direct referrals from a positive FOBT, with surveillance colonoscopy numbers building over time. CONCLUSION: Colonoscopy requirements for immunochemical faecal occult blood based population screening for @entity14 are high. Significant expansion of services is required and careful management of surveillance procedures to ensure timely delivery of initial colonoscopies whilst maintaining symptomatic services. A model re-run informed by data from the screening pilot will allow improved estimates for the New Zealand setting.

title: Colonoscopy requirements of population screening for XXXX in New Zealand.

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['Adenoma Surveillance', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the efficacy of peripherally administered opioid has been demonstrated in preclinical and clinical studies, the underlying mechanisms of its anti- @entity1931 effects are poorly understood. G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying @entity972 (GIRK) channels are linked to opioid receptors in the brain. However, the role of peripheral GIRK channels in @entity1337 induced by peripherally administered opioid, especially in trigeminal system, is not clear. METHODS: Expression of GIRK subunits in @entity35 @entity21 ( @entity21 ) was examined with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Chemical profiles of GIRK-expressing neurons in @entity21 were further characterized. Behavioural and Fos experiments were performed to examine the functional involvement of GIRK channels in   -opioid receptor (DOR)-mediated anti- @entity1931 under an acute @entity5442 condition. RESULTS: @entity21 expressed mRNA and proteins for @entity50633 and @entity50634 subunits. Majority of @entity50633 - and @entity50634 -expressing neurons were non-peptidergic afferents. Inhibition of peripheral GIRK using @entity13472 (TPQ) attenuated antinociceptive effects of peripherally administered DOR agonist, [D-Pen(2), D-Pen(6) ]- @entity10971 (DPDPE), on mechanical @entity56 in masseter muscle. Furthermore, @entity50635 attenuated the suppressive effects of peripheral DPDPE on neuronal activation in the subnucleus caudalis of the trigeminal nucleus (Vc) following masseteric injection of @entity2951 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that peripheral DOR agonist-induced suppression of mechanical @entity56 in the masseter muscle involves the activity of peripheral GIRK channels. These results could provide a rationale for developing a novel therapeutic approach using peripheral GIRK channel openers to mimic or supplement the effects of peripheral opioid agonist.

title: Peripheral G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying @entity972 channels are involved in   -opioid receptor-mediated anti- @entity1931 in XXXX masseter muscle.

entities_list: @entity13472 :: ('MESH:C029738', 'Chemical') :: ['Tertiapin-Q']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'hyperalgesic']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['TG', 'trigeminal ganglia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Low-glycemic load (GL) diets improve insulin resistance and @entity413 homeostasis in individuals with @entity6 . Less is known about whether low-GL diets, independent of @entity353 , improve the health profile for @entity1 without @entity6 or other preexisting conditions. We conducted a randomized, cross-over feeding study testing low- compared to High-GL diets on biomarkers of @entity32 and adiposity in healthy adults. Eighty @entity1 (n = 40 with BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m  ; n = 40 with BMI 28.0-40.0 kg/m  ) completed two 28-d feeding periods in random order where one period was a high-GL diet (mean GL/d = 250) and the other a low-GL diet (mean GL/d = 125). Diets were isocaloric with identical macronutrient content (as percent energy). All food was provided and @entity1 maintained weight and usual physical activity. Height, weight, and DXA were measured at study entry and weight assessed again thrice per week. Blood was drawn from fasting @entity1 at the beginning and end of each feeding period and serum concentrations of high-sensitivity CRP, serum amyloid A, @entity650 , leptin, and @entity1254 were measured. Linear mixed models tested the intervention effect on the biomarkers; models were adjusted for baseline biomarker concentrations, diet sequence, feeding period, age, sex, and body fat mass. Among @entity1 with high-body fat mass (>32.0% for males and >25.0% for females), the low-GL diet reduced CRP (P = 0.02) and marginally increased @entity1254 (P = 0.06). In conclusion, @entity1735 quality, independent of energy, is important. Dietary patterns emphasizing low-GL foods may improve the inflammatory and adipokine profiles of overweight and @entity28 individuals.

title: A low-glycemic load diet reduces serum C-reactive protein and modestly increases XXXX in overweight and @entity28 adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1254 :: (9370,Gene) :: ['adiponectin']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in adolescents and young adults treated with depot @entity11796 ( @entity12135 ). DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 : Eighty-three healthy subjects, 13-20 years old, who received at least 3 @entity12135 injections in an urban adolescent clinic and underwent dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were evaluated by chart review. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Anthropometric data, @entity12135 use, @entity79 of the spine and hip, @entity174 history, and @entity560 status were collected. RESULTS: Subjects were a median age of 16.4 years old (range 13-20 years) when @entity12135 was initiated. The median number of @entity12135 injections was 5 (range 3-18) before the first DXA. At the spine and hip, respectively, @entity79 was normal (Z-score > -1.0 SD) for most subjects (79%, 86%). Subjects who received > 5 injections were more likely to have low spinal @entity79 (Z-score  <= -2.0 SD) at first DXA (P  = .018). In 15 subjects with repeat DXA measurements, after an additional median 6 injections, spinal @entity79 Z-score decreased by -0.33    0.10 (mean    SD, P = .004), as did absolute @entity79 at the hip (-0.019    0.007 g/cm(2), P = .014). History of @entity174 was not associated with initial or subsequent @entity79 measurements. Most (12/13, 92.3%) subjects with @entity560 measurements were deficient ( @entity14257 < 20 ng/mL). CONCLUSIONS: Most subjects on @entity12135 had normal @entity79 at first DXA. Low spinal @entity79 was associated with longer @entity12135 use, and some @entity79 measurements declined with prolonged use. @entity174 history is not an absolute contraindication to @entity12135 use in this population. Studies are needed to determine possible benefits of @entity560 supplementation in @entity12135 users.

title: Bone mineral density, @entity174 , and @entity560 in adolescents and young XXXX using depot @entity11796 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity11796 :: ('MESH:D017258', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'Fracture']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity14257 :: ('MESH:C104450', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxy vitamin D']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Between November 1991 and June 1992, 50 @entity1 suspected of @entity1151 (SP > 20%) underwent Doppler echocardiography, venous Doppler ultrasonography and pulmonary angiography. @entity1151 was confirmed by pulmonary angiography in all @entity1 but 3 (2 pts: mean pulmonary pressure > 50 mmHg and 1 pt: mobile @entity715 between the infundibulum and the main pulmonary artery). Two groups were identified on the basis of Miller's index: Group 1: "non-massive" @entity1151 , Miller < 60% (n = 18); Group 2: "massive" @entity1151 , Miller > or = 60% (n = 29). The @entity1 with @entity715 in the main pulmonary artery and the two with high pulmonary pressures were included in Group 2. Venous Doppler ultrasonography was performed in 96% (n = 48) of @entity1 , including 90% within the first 24 hours. No distinction could be drawn between the two groups on the basis of venous Doppler ultrasonography findings. A majority of @entity1 had @entity715 of main collecting vessels (Group 1 = 75%, Group 2 = 78%) and 10% of @entity1 had no @entity49 of the lower limbs. Doppler echocardiography was performed in all @entity1 , including 94% (n = 47) within the first 24 hours. Dilatation of the left ventricle as well as analysis of septal contraction was evaluable in all @entity1 except one of Group 2, because of poor technical quality and of artificial pacing. A RV/LV ratio > 0.60 was found in 97% (30/31) of @entity1 of Group 2 as compared with 39% (7/18) in Group 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Role of ultrasonographic tests in the diagnosis of moderate to severe XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary embolism', 'pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of a hormone replacement protocol containing conjugated @entity1641 @entity172 and desogestrel (which has a highly selective progestogenic and low androgenic effect) as the progestogen, on the plasma lipid profile, as compared with two other @entity34 ( @entity34 ). METHOD: Eighty-nine healthy postmenopausal @entity1 were divided prospectively into four groups. A control group of 24 @entity1 did not receive @entity34 . Twenty-nine @entity1 received conjugated @entity1641 @entity172 and @entity7839 , and 13 @entity1 received a protocol containing @entity53 , @entity11111 and @entity5709 . Fasting blood lipid was taken at the end of each third cycle. The cumulative therapeutic response was calculated in each group as compared with initial values and between groups. Significance was analyzed by t-tests. RESULTS: A protocol containing desogestrel significantly decreased low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (27%; P < 0.05) and increased high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) by 30% (P < 0.05%) after 9 months. The ratio of total @entity165 to HDL-C also decreased significantly (44%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The most beneficial effect on plasma lipid profile was obtained with an @entity34 protocol containing desogestrel as the @entity1420 .

title: The effect of desogestrel for hormone replacement therapy on the blood lipid profiles of postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity7839 :: ('MESH:D008525', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity5709 :: ('MESH:C024262', 'Chemical') :: ['norethisterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['HRT', 'hormone replacement treatments']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: A high prevalence of gonad morphological variations has been observed in whitefish @entity29960 from Lake Thun (Switzerland). To clarify the role of endocrine disruption as a possible cause of the gonad alterations, whitefish were reared in a long-term laboratory experiment under exposure to @entity53 (E2). Fish were fed from first-feeding until 3 yr of age at a daily rate of 0 (control), 0.5 or 50 microg E2 kg(-1) fish. E2 exposure resulted in a time- and concentration-dependent increase of prevalence and intensity of intersex gonads, i.e. gonads that macroscopically appeared as either testis or ovary but microscopically contained both male and female germ cells. Four types of intersex could be distinguished: Types 1 and 2 were composed of mainly male tissue, with Type 1 containing single oocytes and Type 2 displaying an ovary-like lamellar structure of the tissue. In Type 3, an increased percentage of the tissue was occupied by female germ cells, while in Type 4, the majority of the gonad tissue consisted of female germ cells. Chronic E2 exposure additionally resulted in a concentration-dependent shift of the sex ratio towards females, a @entity146 factor, retarded gonad growth together with delayed maturation of germ cells, and elevated levels of hepatic vitellogenin mRNA. However, Lake Thun-typical alterations of gonad morphology were not induced by chronic E2 exposure. The results provide evidence that @entity172 -active compounds unlikely play a role in the etiology of @entity444 in Lake Thun whitefish.

title: Long-term XXXX exposure of whitefish @entity29960 induces intersex but not Lake Thun-typical @entity444 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['reduced condition']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17 beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity29960 :: ('59291', 'Species') :: ['Coregonus lavaretus']

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['gonad malformations']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent trials in @entity583 indicate that intensive and early statin therapy that lowers low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) to < or = 70 mg dL(-1) is beneficial. The combination of statins with @entity3709 , a newly developed @entity165 -absorption inhibitor, can lead to a further reduction in LDL-C of up to 26%. In this study, we examined the rapidity and intensity of the lipid-lowering effect of @entity3709 co-administered with @entity3413 immediately after @entity583 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty @entity1 admitted for @entity583 were randomized to receive either @entity3413 40 mg (SIMVA), a combination of @entity3413 40 mg and @entity3709 10 mg (EZE/SIMVA), or no lipid-lowering drugs (NLLD) and had their lipid levels assessed 2, 4 and 7 days later. RESULTS: At baseline, cardiovascular risk factors were similar in all three groups [mean (SD) LDL-C of 141 (36) mg dL(-1)]. At days 2 , 4 and 7 there was no significant change in mean LDL-C levels in the NLLD group (-10%, -6%, and -9%, all P > 0.09), while there were significant reductions with SIMVA (-15%, -27%, and -25%, respectively, all P < 0.001 vs. day 0) and even greater reductions with co-administration of EZE/SIMVA (-27%, -41%, and -51%, respectively, all P < 0.001 vs. day 0). The percentages of @entity1 achieving LDL-C below 70 mg dL(-1) at days 4 and 7 were substantially greater with EZE/SIMVA (45% and 55%, respectively) than with SIMVA (5% and 10%, respectively), while no NLLD @entity1 reached this goal. @entity412 levels showed a progressive increase in the NLLD group (+45% at day 7, P < 0.05 vs. day 0), no change in the SIMVA group, but a decrease in the EZE/SIMVA group (-17% at day 7, P < 0.05 vs. day 0). No significant difference in HDL-C levels, tolerability, or clinical events was observed between the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: The co-administration of @entity3709 10 mg with @entity3413 40 mg, by inhibiting @entity165 absorption and production, allowed more @entity1 with @entity583 to reach LDL-C < or = 70 mg dL(-1) as early as the fourth day of treatment. The effects of such rapid and intense reduction in LDL-C on @entity65 and mortality need to be evaluated in future clinical endpoint studies.

title: Co-administration of @entity3709 and XXXX in @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity3709 :: ('MESH:C108606', 'Chemical') :: ['ezetimibe']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity3413 :: (MESH:D019821,Chemical) :: ['simvastatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the causative pneumococcal serotypes of invasive diseases are already extensively studied, few data are available about the pneumococcal serotypes additionally isolated from broncho-alveolar lavage samples in childhood @entity55 . STUDY AIM: To identify the causative pneumococcal serotypes in culture proven childhood @entity497 ( @entity497 ) and to calculate the effectiveness of the heptavalent and nonavalent pneumococcal vaccine (7- and 9-valent PnV) in severe @entity2258 . METHODS: All pneumococcal isolates stored from broncho-alveolar lavage, blood culture and pleural fluid in healthy @entity1 with @entity497 were characterized. RESULTS: Seventy @entity1 (median age 2 years 3.5 months) could be included. The most prevalent serotypes were: @entity38773 (21.4%), SGT6 (20.0%), SGT19 (12.8%), SGT23 (10.0%), and SGT14 (7.1%). @entity38773 was especially prevalent in complicated cases and @entity1 >5 years. This first ranking of @entity38773 is not reported in invasive @entity66 studies. The overall theoretical coverage of the 7-valent PnV and the 9-valent PnV for @entity2258 was 45.7% and 72.8%. The theoretical coverage of both vaccines was equal for non-invasive @entity55 (64%) but the theoretical coverage of the 9-valent PnV for invasive @entity55 was much higher (79% vs. 37.2%). Antibiotic susceptibility to @entity114 was 84%, 70% to @entity803 and 61% to erythromycin; however only one strain ( @entity1759 mg/L) was highly resistant to @entity114 . CONCLUSIONS: Based on this serotyping, the theoretical coverage of the 7-valent PnV for proven @entity2258 is good but decreases with age. A 9-valent PnV containing @entity38773 could significantly increase the coverage, especially for invasive @entity55 . According to these data, @entity114 remains the first choice antibiotic treatment for childhood @entity497 in Belgium.

title: Pneumococcal serogroups and serotypes in severe @entity2258 in Belgian XXXX : theoretical coverage of the 7-valent and 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2258 :: ('MESH:D011018', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity14454 , due to @entity4114 , is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Control is by targeted treatment with @entity2039 but preschool age @entity1 are excluded from control programs. Immunological studies on the effect of treatment at this young age are scarce. In light of studies in older individuals showing that @entity2039 alters antischistosome immune responses and responses to bystander antigens, this study aims to investigate how these responses would be affected by treatment at this young age. Antibody responses directed against schistosome antigens, @entity3964 crude and recombinant antigens, and the allergen house dust mite were measured in @entity1 aged 3 to 5 years before and 6 weeks after treatment. The change in serological recognition of schistosome proteins was also investigated. Treatment augmented antischistosome IgM and @entity9416 responses. The increase in @entity9416 responses directed against adult worm antigens was accompanied by enhanced antigen recognition by sera from the children. Antibody responses directed against @entity3964 antigens were not significantly affected by @entity2039 treatment nor were levels of allergen specific responses. Overall, @entity2039 treatment enhanced, quantitatively and qualitatively, the antiworm responses associated with protective immunity but did not alter @entity3964 -specific responses or allergen-specific responses which mediate pathology in @entity56 .

title: Immunological consequences of antihelminthic treatment in preschool XXXX exposed to urogenital schistosome infection.

entities_list: @entity14454 :: ('MESH:D012553', 'Disease') :: ['Urogenital schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity4114 :: ('6185', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma haematobium']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disease']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum', 'Plasmodium']

entities_list: @entity2039 :: ('MESH:D011223', 'Chemical') :: ['praziquantel']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Inside the germinal neoplasms of the ovary, the monodermic or specializad @entity44 constitute a not very frequent variety. The @entity19967 represents 2.7% as the form more common of this @entity44 type, constituted by thyroid tissue. @entity19967 can associate to other @entity5 of the ovary of germinal type as @entity48 , @entity5 or @entity5 as type as @entity48 , @entity5 or @entity5 as mucinous or serous cyst or @entity5 . Most of the @entity19967 are benign and 5-10% only are malignant, of these group 40% has only associated to extraovaric dissemination. The objective of the present work is to analyze the clinical, epidemical and biological characteristics of the @entity19967 . Eight cases of @entity19967 are presented, that occupy 4% inside the @entity43 diagnosed and treated in our hospital. The clinical charac-teristics of these @entity5 were: age average 45.5 tears, pelvic mass accompanied by distension and @entity490 . They were managed as anyone @entity43 , in not any case the diagnosis it was suspected, 4 were presented of the left side and 4 in the right, the weight average was 726.2 g. Only in 4 cases was carried out the transoperative diagnosis and the eight cases confirmed in the postoperative. In not any case @entity1109 , neither morphological criteria of @entity5 were presented. Only in two cases the @entity19967 was reported as pure, in the 6 remaining it is accompanied with another @entity43 .

title: [ XXXX : a variety of monodermic @entity43 . Report of 8 cases].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovary tumor', 'type of ovarian neoplasm', 'ovary tumors']

entities_list: @entity19967 :: ('MESH:D013330', 'Disease') :: ['Struma ovarii', 'struma ovarii']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'non germinal tumors', 'Brenner tumor', 'malignancy', 'carcinoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroid symptoms']

entities_list: @entity48 :: ('MESH:D003884', 'Disease') :: ['dermoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratomas']

answer: @entity19967 :: (MESH:D013330,Disease) :: ['Struma ovarii']


abstract: AIM: The presence of @entity414 in the beginning zone of different types of 'pure' @entity3835 @entity1290 was evaluated with the aim of establishing the degree of participation of @entity414 crystals in the formation of such @entity1608 . METHODS: The core or fragment of different types of 'pure' @entity3835 @entity1290 was detached, pulverized and @entity414 extracted. @entity414 was determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method. RESULTS: In @entity3835 (COM) papillary @entity1608 with a core constituted by COM crystals and organic matter, 0.030+/-0.007% @entity414 was found in the core. In COM papillary @entity1608 with a core constituted by @entity692 , 0.031+/-0.008% @entity414 was found in the core. In COM unattached @entity1608 (formed in renal cavities) with the core mainly formed by COM crystals and organic matter, 0.24+/-0.09% @entity414 was found in the core. In COM unattached @entity1608 with the core formed by @entity414 identifiable by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to X-ray microanalysis, 20.8+/-7.8% @entity414 was found in the core. In @entity3835 (COD) unattached @entity1608 containing little amounts of organic matter, 0.012+/-0.004% @entity414 was found. In COD unattached @entity1608 containing little amounts of organic matter and @entity692 , 0.0030+/-0.0004% of @entity414 was found. CONCLUSIONS: From these results it can be deduced that @entity414 can play an important role as inducer (heterogeneous nucleant) of COM unattached @entity1608 with the core formed by @entity414 identifiable by SEM coupled to X-ray microanalysis (these @entity1608 constitute the 1.2% of all @entity1608 ) and in COM unattached @entity1608 with the core mainly formed by COM crystals and organic matter (these @entity1608 constitute the 10.8% of all @entity1608 ).

title: Role of @entity414 in different types of XXXX @entity1290 .

entities_list: @entity3835 :: ('MESH:D002129', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium oxalate monohydrate', 'calcium oxalate dihydrate', 'calcium oxalate']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal calculi']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['Uric acid', 'uric acid']

answer: @entity3835 :: (MESH:D002129,Chemical) :: ['calcium oxalate']


abstract: @entity1687 , also known as "juvenile @entity195 ", is a disease in which alterations in intracellular @entity165 trafficking occur. The contribution of various CNS cell types to the @entity179 has been of much interest. We have previously shown that expression of the normal gene only in fibrillary astrocytes could extend survival of @entity30385 -/- @entity19 over 3-fold (Zhang et al., 2008 [13]). We have now studied expression only in neurons or in both neurons and fibrillary astrocytes. Neuron-only expression resulted in survivals of over a year (>5-fold) but motor symptoms started at about 6 months. As reflected in @entity1017 , this especially affected females who weighed less than wild-type starting at about 10 weeks while male differences in weight are delayed. Expression in both cell types led to a nearly normal phenotype with motor symptoms developing at about ten months and increased survival times. Purkinje cell loss was slowed, but severe, in both @entity20137 - @entity9327 - @entity30385 , transgenic @entity30385 -/- @entity19 . MRI studies showed that myelination of the long tracts was significantly improved in @entity20137 - @entity30385 transgenics, perhaps less than in @entity9327 - @entity30385 transgenics, and not differently than in the double transgenics. Memory was improved in both single and double transgenics. Somatic disease had not been ameliorated and lungs were massively infiltrated with foamy macrophages at 10 months. Our results suggest that neuron-only expression does not completely prevent @entity179 and that the addition of astrocyte expression decreases the rate/degree of decline.

title: XXXX @entity19 , a model of "juvenile @entity195 ", with normal gene expression in neurons and fibrillary astrocytes show long term survival and delayed @entity179 .

entities_list: @entity1687 :: ('MESH:D052556', 'Disease') :: ['Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC) disease']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1687 :: (MESH:D052556,Disease) :: ['Niemann-Pick C1']


abstract: Since 1971, 151 nonpalpable @entity0 (100 invasive @entity189 , 39 in situ @entity513 , and twelve @entity1137 in situ) have been diagnosed and treated at the St. Radboud University Hospital. Of the 100 clinically occult invasive @entity189 , 53 had pathologic diameters of more than 10 mm, 29 were of sizes between 6 and 10 mm, and 18 were @entity5 of 5 mm or less. @entity41 outside the "excisional" biopsy cavity was encountered in 76 of the 118 mastectomy specimens (64.4%) fully capable of evaluation. Invasive @entity41 would have been left behind in 34 of 86 mastectomy specimens (39.5%). Of 27 axillas studied, no @entity1 with in situ @entity189 had evidence of axillary lymph node @entity3 . @entity189 , however, showed axillary lymph node involvement in 7.7% of mastectomy specimens when the size of the @entity5 was not more than 5 mm, in 12.5% when the size was between 6 and 10 mm, and in 29.5% when the @entity5 was more than 10 mm in diameter. The 10-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of @entity1 with clinically occult invasive @entity189 greater than 10 mm in size was 71.9% and differed significantly from the 90.9% for @entity1 with the invasive @entity5 less than or equal to 5 mm, as well as from the 100% @entity1349 of @entity1 with invasive @entity5 of between 6 and 10 mm and noninvasive @entity5 . Although the 10-year @entity1349 was 92.6% for the @entity1 with negative axillary nodes and 80.0% for the @entity1 with positive axillary nodes, this difference did not reach statistical significance. However, the disease-specific overall survival after 10 years was significantly different between node-negative @entity1 (96.4%) and node-positive @entity1 (78.8%). Multivariate analysis disclosed that the relationship between size of the @entity5 and @entity1349 was independent of the presence of axillary lymph node @entity3 . In conclusion, the validity of the concept of minimal @entity0 has been re-enforced. However, the results of this study suggest that the upper limit of the original definition of minimal @entity0 is too narrow and should be extended, so that, apart from the noninvasive @entity5 --regardless of their size--all invasive @entity5 having a maximum diameter less than or equal to 10 mm should be regarded as minimal @entity0 .

title: Treatment and survival of female XXXX with nonpalpable @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['lobular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor', 'Residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'Invasive carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reamed interlocking intramedullary nailing is considered the gold standard treatment for complex @entity174 of the femoral and tibial shaft. There has been some controversies about dynamization of statically locked nails, and some authors recommended routine dynamization for promotion of healing. This study aims to evaluate treatment of complex @entity174 in @entity2091 and femur with static interlocking intramedullary nail method. METHODS: In a retrospective study from January 2003 to April 2008, 173 @entity1 with femoral and tibial shaft fracture that were treated with this method were enrolled. No rod was dynamized in our @entity1 . RESULTS: All @entity1 with @entity174 achieved union without any need for dynamization during 12-18 weeks (mean; 13.4 weeks). Four @entity1 developed delayed union but all achieved union without any intervention. In @entity3330 , all but one @entity1 achieved complete union during 10-30 weeks (mean: 18.3 weeks). One @entity1 developed non-union who was treated by an exchange nailing and iliac bone graft method. No significant complication was observed in our @entity1 . CONCLUSION: It is not necessary to routinely dynamize nails in tibial and femoral shaft @entity174 as all @entity174 united in acceptable alignment without any complication.

title: Complex @entity174 of the XXXX and femur treated with static interlocking intramedullary nail.

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'tibial fractures']

answer: @entity2091 :: (MESH:C535563,Disease) :: ['tibia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical implications of the development of a @entity733 in the course of an @entity884 and evaluate the utility of two-dimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of this complication. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical review. Investigator-blinded comparative echographic case-control study. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. @entity1 : Forty @entity1 with @entity884 and a histologically proved diagnosis of @entity733 . INTERVENTION: Two-dimensional echocardiograms corresponding to 36 of these 40 @entity1 were blindly compared with two-dimensional echocardiograms of 20 randomly chosen @entity1 with @entity884 in whom myocardial @entity733 had not been demonstrated during surgery. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: During surgery or at autopsy, 40 @entity1 had a total of 41 definite perivalvular @entity733 . Native @entity340 was present in 27 @entity1 , and @entity340 was present in 13 @entity1 . Abscesses were more frequent in @entity886 (57.5 percent) than in infections of other valves, and the infecting organism was more often Staphylococcus (42.5 percent of cases). The hospital mortality rate was 90 percent in the 10 @entity1 who did not receive surgical treatment, as compared with 26.6 percent in the 30 operated-on @entity1 (p < 0.001). Sensitivity and specificity for the detection of @entity733 associated with @entity884 were 80.5 percent and 85 percent, respectively, for transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that transthoracic echocardiography remains an accurate method for the diagnosis of @entity733 associated with @entity884 , even in the presence of a prosthetic valve, and it could help to indicate early surgery in these @entity1 .

title: Perivalvular @entity733 associated with XXXX . Clinical features and diagnostic accuracy of two-dimensional echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic-valve endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses', 'perivalvular abscess']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic valve endocarditis', 'valve endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['endocarditis']


abstract: Fourteen @entity1 with advanced @entity356 were treated with @entity45677 therapy. The regimen was CD DP 40 mg/m2 day 1 and 6, @entity1487 600 mg/m2 day 2 and 4, @entity4181 20 mg/m2 day 2 and 4, @entity2879 60 mg/m2 day 3 and 5, and @entity632 20 mg/m2 day 7, with repetition every 28 days. Thirteen @entity1 were evaluable; one @entity1 was CR, four were PR, five were NC and three were @entity1726 . The response rate was 38.5% and median survival was 7 months. Hematologic @entity137 were moderate to severe but tolerable, gastrointestinal @entity137 were mild and @entity8 was absent. Quality of life (QOL) of the @entity1 was evaluated by means of symptom-free ratio (duration of symptom-free to survival time) and outpatient ratio (duration at home in relation to survival time). @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 showed a higher symptom-free ratio and outpatient ratio than those with liver @entity3 or peritoneal dissemination. All high-QOL @entity1 were chemotherapy responders. In conclusion, @entity45677 therapy is effective for advanced @entity356 and its side effects are tolerable. CR or PR is necessary to achieve a high QOL.

title: [ @entity2879 , @entity632 , cisplatin and @entity1487 ( XXXX ) therapy of advanced @entity356 --its antitumor effect and evaluation of quality of life].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity45677 :: (79666,Gene) :: ['EAP-F']


abstract: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is typified by the deposition of amyloid in the brain, which elicits a robust microglial-mediated inflammatory response that is associated with disease exacerbation and accelerated progression. Microglia are the principal immune effector cells in the brain and interact with fibrillar forms of Ab (fAb) through a receptor complex that includes Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2/4/6 and their coreceptors. Interleukin receptor-associated kinases (IRAKs) are essential intracellular signaling molecules for transduction of TLR signals. Studies of @entity19 models of @entity195 in which the individual TLRs are knocked out have produced conflicting results on roles of TLR signaling in amyloid homeostasis. Therefore, we disrupted a common downstream TLR signaling element, @entity32800 . We report that microglial @entity32800 is necessary in vitro for fAb to activate the canonical pro-inflammatory signaling pathways leading to activation of @entity1995 , @entity14032 , and @entity13436 MAP kinases and to generate reactive @entity26 species. In vivo the loss of @entity32800 function results in decreased Ab levels in a @entity19 model of @entity195 . This was associated with diminished microgliosis and astrogliosis in aged @entity19 . Analysis of microglia isolated from the adult @entity19 brain revealed an altered pattern of gene expression associated with changes in microglial phenotype that were associated with expression of IRF transcription factors that govern microglial phenotype. Further, loss of @entity32800 function also promoted amyloid clearance mechanisms, including elevated expression of @entity22441 . Finally, blocking @entity21605 function restored olfactory behavior. These data demonstrate that @entity32800 activation acts normally to regulate microglial activation status and influence amyloid homeostasis in the brain.

title: Loss of interleukin receptor-associated kinase 4 signaling suppresses amyloid pathology and alters microglial phenotype in a XXXX model of @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity22441 :: ('15925(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-degrading enzyme']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Reeler, an autosomal recessive mutant @entity19 , is characterized by ataxic gait and @entity400 . In this mutant, the cerebral and cerebellar cortices and hippocampus are cytoarchitectually disorganized: neuronal components are ectopically located in these laminated structures. Since @entity42904 , the gene responsible for the reeler mutation, was discovered by D'Arcangelo et al. (Nature 374: 719-723, 1995), remarkable progress has occurred in this field. The @entity42904 gene encodes an extracellular protein, @entity42904 , that is crucial for neuronal migration. During embryogenesis, @entity42904 is expressed in the Cajal-Retzius cells in the cerebral cortex and in the outer granule cells in the cerebellar cortex. Although non-laminated structures such as facial nucleus, inferior olivary complex, and dorsal cochlear nucleus are also cytoarchitectually deranged in this mutant, only a few studies have been done to clarify the detailed abnormalities in these non-laminated structures. In this review, we focused on the cytoarchitectonic abnormality in the facial nucleus of the reeler @entity19 . The branchiomotor neurons in the facial nucleus are generated from the ventricular zone of the floor of the fourth ventricle, migrate ventrolaterally, and finally settle near the ventral surface of the hindbrain. Time schedules for the generation, axon formation and migration of facial motoneurons are similar both in the normal and reeler @entity19 , but the reeler phenotype becomes identifiable at the end of neuronal migration. Although the reason why the facial nucleus is cytoarchitectually abnormal in the reeler @entity19 is still unknown, the long migration of the facial motoneurons seems to be susceptible to the absence of @entity42904 in the reeler @entity19 . In spite of the cytoarchitectual abnormality, retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) study confirmed that the musculotopic arrangements within the facial nucleus of the reeler @entity19 are still preserved, suggesting that neuronal migration and target recognition are regulated independently. More recently, other reeler-like mutants have been reported. Among them, yotari and scrambler @entity19 arise from mutations in @entity47141 , a @entity19 gene related to @entity238 gene disabled (dab). More than 10 years ago, an autosomal recessive @entity35 mutant, shaking @entity35 Kawasaki (SRK), was described that exhibits a phenotype identical to reeler, but the gene responsible for this @entity35 mutation remains unknown. Interestingly, the facial nucleus is cytoarchitectually more deranged in yotari and SRK than their reeler counterpart. Although the reason why yotari exhibits a phenotype identical to reeler in the laminated structures but not in non-laminated structures such as the facial nucleus has remained obscure, @entity47141 and @entity42904 proteins may function as signaling molecules in a different way between laminated and non-laminated structures. Phenotypes resembling that of reeler are seen with mutations in @entity47141 , @entity12228 and @entity3723 . @entity12228 and @entity3723 are respectively the catalytic and regulatory subunits of a @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase, that could potentially operate in a common signalling pathway with mDab and @entity42904 . These plausible partners for @entity42904 and @entity47141 should help us to understand how the activities of these proteins coordinate neuronal migration and rearrangement.

title: [Cytoarchitectonic abnormality in the facial nucleus of the reeler XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The Composipost endodontic post, made of stretched aligned @entity505 fibers embedded in an @entity990 -resin matrix, has since the beginning of the nineties been widely used for the restoration of endodontically treated @entity4500 . The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the treatment outcome of the Composipost system up to 7 years. In a study published 1998, 236 @entity1 treated during 1992-93 by seven Swedish general dental private practitioners were studied. Five of the former seven private practitionersi consented to participate in this follow up of that study. Thus the material was reduced to 138 @entity1 . Thirty-nine of these were excluded due to insufficient data. For the remaining 99 @entity1 , data were collected from dental records. All @entity1 were offered a clinical examination but only 25 accepted. Data were collected from dental records for the remaining 74 @entity1 . The mean follow up time was 6,7 years with a range from 1 month to 10 years (median 7.6 years, @entity168 2.5 years), (five @entity4500 were extracted during the previous study). The outcome was considered successful if the post and core was in situ and showed no clinical or radiographic signs of technical failures. Sixty-four @entity4500 (65%) restored with the Composipost system were successful after a mean time of 6.7 years. Thirty-two @entity4500 were extracted due to @entity174 , @entity1548 and @entity2521 . Dislodgment of post was observed in three cases. In conclusion, within the limitations of this study, after a mean time of 6.7 years, the Composipost restored @entity4500 had shorter survival times than those of previously documented cast posts.

title: A retrospective long term study of @entity4500 restored with prefabricated XXXX fiber reinforced @entity990 resin posts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity1548 :: ('MESH:D010483', 'Disease') :: ['periapical lesions']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: Worldwide spread of antibiotic resistance in @entity328 is a major problem. However, data from West and North African countries are scarce. To study the level of resistance and compare the situations in different cities, a prospective study was conducted in Abidjan (Ivory Coast), Casablanca (Morocco), Dakar (Senegal), and Tunis (Tunisia), from 1996 to 1997. The resistances to eight antibiotics of 375 isolates were studied by E test, and the results were interpreted using the breakpoints recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Overall, 30.4% of the isolates were nonsusceptible to @entity3397 (25.6% were intermediate and 4.8% were resistant). @entity115 (96.3% were susceptible) and parenteral third-generation cephalosporins (92.7%) were highly active. Resistance to @entity2755 was detected in 8.6% of the isolates. High levels of resistance were noted for @entity2929 (28%), @entity803 (38.3%), and @entity799 (36.4%). Resistance to @entity1215 was rare (2.1%). There were significant differences in resistance rates between individual countries. Multiple resistance was more frequent in @entity114 -nonsusceptible isolates than in @entity114 -susceptible isolates. Recommendations for treatment could be generated from these results in each participating country.

title: Two-year surveillance of antibiotic resistance in XXXX in four African cities.

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['Amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['cotrimoxazole']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin G']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: We report here the surgical management of @entity8 associated with @entity101 and the results of this treatment. From January 1978 through December 1999, 19 consecutive @entity1 with 23 @entity8 underwent surgery with renal revascularization techniques. Of these 19 @entity1 , 89.5% had systemic @entity101 , and 12 of 16 @entity1 had associated @entity2792 . Twenty of the @entity439 were patent, one was chronically thrombosed, and one @entity1 presented with acute @entity715 of abdominal aortic and bilateral renal @entity439 ; 11 of the 20 patent cases had significant stenosis in the preoperative arteriography. Seventeen @entity439 (74%) were located on the main trunk of the renal artery. Response of @entity101 and renal function were examined. Surgical technique patency was evaluated by life-table methods. Our basic surgical indication for @entity8 in this series was @entity2792 . Nonrenal @entity101 alone does not indicate surgery. We consider the saphenous vein to be the graft of choice for renal revascularization.

title: @entity8 : is XXXX an indication for revascularization surgery?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['extraparenchymal renal artery aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Our structural studies of the substantia nigra in @entity191 @entity1 identified previously unsuspected changes in the pars reticulata, suggesting significant dysfunction in this basal ganglia output. There have been few similar structural studies of the other major basal ganglia output, the internal segment of the globus pallidus. This is despite significant evidence that this basal ganglia region is crucially important for generating @entity304 . In fact current surgical interventions target this region in @entity191 . The cellular anatomy of the internal globus pallidus was compared among five controls, six @entity1 with @entity191 , and five @entity1 with @entity7463 . Neurons and pathological structures were quantified using the unbiased fractionator method. Only cases with @entity7463 had detectable pathology within the internal globus pallidus in the form of tau-positive neuronal and glial tangles and substantial @entity179 . Cases with @entity191 had a significant reduction in the proportion of neurons containing @entity15537 but were without significant @entity179 , consistent with dysfunction of both basal ganglia output nuclei in advanced @entity304 . Surgical ablation of the internal globus pallidus for @entity191 appears at odds with the significant @entity179 in the similarly @entity2845 and rigid @entity1 with @entity7463 . The results are discussed in association with current hypotheses of basal ganglia function and recent experimentation in @entity1 undergoing pallidotomy for @entity71 .

title: The internal globus pallidus is affected in XXXX and @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian symptoms', 'parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkinetic disorders']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity7463 :: ('MESH:D013494', 'Disease') :: ['progressive supranuclear palsy']

answer: @entity7463 :: (MESH:D013494,Disease) :: ['progressive supranuclear palsy']


abstract: Altered expression of phosphorylated @entity4104 (pSTAT3) and @entity5740 ( @entity5740 ) has been implicated in various types of @entity1 @entity5 . However, the clinical role of pSTAT3 and @entity5740 in @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is not well established. Immunohistochemical analysis of pSTAT3, @entity5740 , Ki67 and @entity7 expression was performed on tissue microarrays from 138 @entity157 @entity1 . The expression of @entity4104 mRNA was further detected by in situ hybridization. The association of pSTAT3 and @entity5740 expression with clinicopathological factors and @entity1 survival was analyzed. Altered expression of pSTAT3 and @entity5740 was observed in @entity157 specimens, compared to adjacent non- @entity5 tissue. Increased expression of pSTAT3 was correlated with large @entity5 size, higher clinical stage, Ki67 and @entity7 expression, as well as poor @entity1 survival. Decreased expression of @entity5740 was correlated with the expression of Ki67, @entity7 and pSTAT3, and poor @entity1 survival. Moreover, the expression of pSTAT3 was conversely correlated with @entity5740 expression in @entity157 . Our results indicate that deregulated expression of pSTAT3 and @entity5740 may play roles in the development and progression of @entity157 . PSTAT3 and @entity5740 should be further evaluated as potential novel biomarkers for @entity157 prognosis.

title: Prognostic significance of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity4104 :: ('6774', 'Gene') :: ['STAT3', 'signal transducer and activator of transcription 3']

entities_list: @entity5740 :: ('9021', 'Gene') :: ['SOCS3', 'suppressor of cytokine signaling 3']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In Japan, "Guidelines for iodinated contrast in a @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) 2012" was published, but preventive protocols for specific @entity8 ( @entity8 ) have not been specified. Therefore, we developed a @entity8 preventive protocol, and validated its operation and renal protective effect. METHODS: In a retrospective cohort study, we determined eGFR within 3 months before contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT). We evaluated @entity740 stage 3b - 4 adult @entity1 (eGFR 15 - 45 mL/min/1.73m2) who underwent CECT. We observed changes in renal function over 9 months and compared the changes between the pre-protocol group, which received @entity8 preventive measures from clinicians, and the post-protocol group, which received 500 mL 0.9% saline intravenously over 4 hours or drank 2,000 mL water over 36 hours. RESULTS: The numbers of CT and CECT @entity1 after validation of the protocol were 5,450 and 2,037, respectively. Among the CECT @entity1 , 310 (15.2%) and 77(3.8%)had eGFRs < 60 and 45 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Among the CECT @entity1 whose eGFRs were < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, 74.5% were 70 years or older. @entity5 scanning accounted for 77% of all CECT cases. The number of CECT @entity1 after 3 months did not significantly differ between the groups (2,189 vs 2,037). The percentage of @entity1 with @entity740 stage G3b - 4 showed no significant differences (3.3% vs 3.7%, p = 0.89). The proportion of @entity1 whose eGFR did not deteriorate at 3, 6 and 9 months was significantly higher in the post-protocol group than in the pre-protocol group (p < 0.001), and the protocol was the only independently-significant predictor. CONCLUSIONS: Our protocol prevented @entity8 and provided a renal protective effect without reducing the number of CECT @entity1 .

title: [Effectiveness of a practical protocol for the prevention of @entity8 : improved prevention of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['contrast-induced nephropathy', 'CIN']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['contrast-induced nephropathy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 suffering from @entity303 are often subjected to discriminatory attitudes, but there are few instruments able to measure these. OBJECTIVE: the construction and validation of a scale to detect negative attitudes toward @entity1 with @entity303 and determine its psychometric properties, reliability criteria, and convergent and divergent validity. @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty subjects were recruited for item selection. The scale was validated using 296 subjects of both genders, and included psychology, medical and nursing students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A Likert-type attitudes scale of 30 items with 7 answers options was developed. After the pilot analysis of the scale and total item-item correlation a definitive tool of 20 items was developed, with a Cronbach's alpha index of 0.89. After the main component analysis, a 3 factors solution was preferred (rejection, effect and experience), which alone could explain the 65.7% of the total variance. Confirmatory factorial analysis with structural equations showed good fitting indexes (CFI=0.92; GFI=0.94; AGFI=0.90; PGFI=0.91; RMSEA=0.05). Convergent validation showed a positive correlation with scales measuring attitudes toward @entity303 , handicapped @entity1 , aging, and a questionnaire on negative stereotypes toward aging. RESULTS: Higher education and previous contact with the elderly were associated with more positive attitudes (F=29.16 and z=12.45, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The attitudes toward @entity303 scale is a valid and reliable instrument to detect these in the general population.

title: [Construction and validation of a scale to assess attitudes toward XXXX with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']