abstract: Sixty @entity1 , ASA I-III, presenting for elective colonic surgery were studied to assess the stability of blood pressure and heart rate during anaesthesia with three equally potent anaesthetic techniques. @entity1 in group I (n = 20) received @entity4490 induction, @entity5161 and @entity3810 ; @entity1 in group II (n = 20) received total intravenous anaesthesia with @entity1875 ; and @entity1 in group III (n = 20) received intravenous @entity1875 supplemented with @entity3810 . @entity3575 and @entity3369 were used in all three groups. The depth of anaesthesia was judged on clinical signs of adequate anaesthesia. Episodes of @entity1168 (heart rate < 50 beats @entity1009 ), @entity591 (heart rate > 90 beats @entity1009 ), @entity551 (mean arterial pressure > or = 30% below pre-operative blood pressure) or @entity101 (mean arterial pressure > 30%, or systolic blood pressure > 15 mmHg, above pre-operative value) were recorded when lasting > 5 min. Any use of @entity6358 or @entity10445 given to correct @entity551 or @entity1168 was documented: In group II, significantly more @entity1 were given @entity6358 (P < 0.01) to treat @entity551 . The drug was administered after intubation but before skin incision in the majority of cases (9/11). @entity10445 was given to significantly more @entity1 in group III (P < 0.025) to treat @entity1168 , and in 21 of a total of 34 @entity1 given @entity10445 it was administered before surgery. With the use of these additional drugs, there were no differences in the number of @entity1 with 5 min episodes of @entity551 , @entity101 , @entity591 or @entity1168 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A comparison of @entity1875 and XXXX anaesthesia: the need for @entity6358 and @entity10445 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6358 :: ('MESH:D004809', 'Chemical') :: ['ephedrine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopentone']

entities_list: @entity10445 :: ('MESH:D006024', 'Chemical') :: ['glycopyrrolate', 'Glycopyrrolate']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['Fentanyl']

answer: @entity5161 :: (MESH:D007530,Chemical) :: ['isoflurane']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Among @entity1 treated for @entity101 , Blacks are more likely to have uncontrolled blood pressure compared to Whites. Few studies have focused on trust in physicians as a potential contributor to this disparity in blood pressure (BP) control. The primary objective of this study was to assess the relationship between trust in physicians and blood pressure control among Blacks and Whites being treated for @entity101 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data collected from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in @entity64 cohort, a US national, population-based cohort study. @entity1 were recruited by telephone from 2003-2007, completed a telephone survey, and had BP measured during an in-home visit. @entity1 : 2843 Black and White adults aged > 45 years with treated @entity101 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Uncontrolled blood pressure was defined as systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure > 90 mm Hg. For @entity1 with @entity6 , @entity8 , or self-reported previous @entity583 , uncontrolled blood pressure was defined as systolic blood pressure > 130 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure > 80 mm Hg. RESULTS: Trust in physicians was not associated with uncontrolled blood pressure in either unadjusted (odd ratio [OR] 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI) 0.92, 1.25) or adjusted analyses (OR 0.97; 0.83, 1.14). Both Black race (OR 1.58; 1.36, 1.84) and imperfect medication adherence (OR 1.56; 1.31,1.86) were associated with higher odds of uncontrolled blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Trust in physicians was not related to blood pressure control among Blacks and Whites with treated @entity101 in this sample. The racial disparity in blood pressure control was not completely explained by trust in physicians or medication adherence, and a better understanding of the mechanisms leading to this disparity is needed.

title: Trust in physicians and blood pressure control in blacks and whites being treated for XXXX in the REGARDS study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Neutrophils labelled with @entity7914 (commonly employed as a probe for membrane-bound @entity460 ), underwent rapid decreases in fluorescence upon exposure to @entity5037 (more than 1 nM). This decrease was maximal at 1 min and was followed by partial recovery by 3 min. When neutrophils were stimulated with @entity5037 and then re-exposed to the same stimulus 3 min later, an additional decrease in @entity7914 fluorescence was observed. The magnitude of this second response was inversely related to the concentration of the initial stimulus. Similarly, neutrophils exposed to @entity5037 and then restimulated by @entity5037 in the presence of cytochalasin B secreted the azurophil granule enzyme beta-glucuronidase; release of the enzyme was also inversely related to the initial concentration of @entity5037 . These responses were also time-dependent. Both the second decrement in @entity7914 fluorescence and beta-glucuronidase release increased with time allowed between the two administrations of @entity5037 . In contrast, decreases in @entity7914 fluorescence induced by @entity4514 showed no comparable recovery phase. When neutrophils, stimulated with @entity4514 , were then exposed to @entity5037 , the second decrement in @entity7914 fluorescence diminished as the time allowed between the two stimuli was increased. Secretion of beta-glucuronidase in response to @entity5037 was also diminished by increasing the time of exposure to the initial stimulus of @entity4514 . When @entity5037 was used as the initial stimulus, the @entity7914 fluorescence response characteristic of @entity4514 could not be observed for at least 1 min. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that @entity7914 serves as a probe of mobilizable membrane-bound 'trigger @entity460 ', a replete pool of which is an obligate requirement for lysosomal enzyme release.

title: The fluorescence response of @entity7914 -loaded human neutrophils. Correlations with lysosomal enzyme release and evidence for a 'trigger pool' of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

entities_list: @entity7914 :: ('MESH:D002751', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorotetracycline']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity5037 :: ('MESH:D009240', 'Chemical') :: ['N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy has not been reported to have a significant impact on survival for @entity1 with @entity320 . @entity1749 was shown to have additive/synergistic effects with several chemotherapeutic agents, including @entity1311 and @entity902 . A phase 1 trial of this 3-drug combination reported that 6 of 28 @entity1 treated with @entity1749 followed by @entity1311 and @entity3003 achieved a partial response (including 2 of 5 @entity1 with @entity320 ). METHODS: A 2-stage phase 2 clinical trial was conducted to assess the antitumor activity of this 3-agent combination in @entity1 with @entity320 who had received at most 1 prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Treatment included @entity1749 at a dose of 1.3 mg/m2 intravenously on Days 1, 4, and 8; @entity1311 at a dose of 175 mg/m2; and @entity3003 at an area under the concentration (AUC) of 6 on Day 2 of a 21-day cycle. The primary endpoint of this trial was @entity5 response rate (TRR). RESULTS: Seventeen eligible @entity1 were enrolled. A median of 4 cycles were administered (range, 1-7 cycles). Three @entity1 discontinued treatment due to persistent grade 4 (based on National @entity5 Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [version 3.0]) @entity1398 with grade 3 @entity1431 (2 @entity1 ) or grade 4 @entity1151 (1 @entity1 ). Grade>or=3 @entity137 included @entity1398 (71%), @entity1431 (41%), @entity882 (29%), and @entity4841 (12%). Two partial responses were observed (TRR, 11.8%). Four @entity1 had stable disease at >12 weeks. The median progression-free survival was 3.2 months, and the median overall survival was 7.0 months. CONCLUSIONS: Due to insufficient clinical efficacy, this trial did not proceed to second-stage accrual. The combination of @entity1311 , @entity3003 , and @entity1749 demonstrated limited clinical benefit and was associated with significant @entity137 .

title: A study of @entity1311 , @entity3003 , and @entity1749 in the treatment of metastatic XXXX : a phase 2 consortium study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib', 'Bortezomib']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate epidemiological and clinical features of @entity545 in an unselected group of @entity1 not seen by a urologist before. @entity1 AND METHODS: A series of 134 consecutive cases with @entity545 was evaluated regarding to the age at diagnosis, the symptoms and signs of the disease, and the site and formation of the @entity2318 . The medical history which could be possibly related with the onset of the disease was investigated as well. RESULTS: The disease mainly affected middle-aged @entity1 . While all @entity1 had a palpable @entity2318 , only 51 (38%) had noticed the induration. Curvature (mean: 35 degrees) appeared in 87 @entity1 (65%) and caused @entity250 due to severe @entity546 in 16 @entity1 (11.9%). 53 @entity1 (39.5%) referred @entity158 erections. In 11 @entity1 (8.2%) the onset of the disease was noticed after auto-injections of vaso-active drugs for the treatment of previous @entity323 , while 18 (13.4%) had a history of penile @entity130 during sexual intercourse or manipulation. No specific relation with @entity6 and Duputren's @entity1159 was identified. @entity2318 , like elongated indurations with vague bounds, were mainly formed (77.6%) in the dorsal midline. CONCLUSIONS: The mean age of @entity1 at diagnosis, the site of penile scars, and the activities of the affected @entity1 could advocate the hypothesis that @entity130 is the main causal factor for @entity545 . In 21.6% of the @entity1 , the lesion occurred after a traumatic activity. @entity250 due to severe @entity546 affected a small proportion of the @entity1 . Thus, due to the diminution of @entity158 spontaneously or after treatment, the @entity1 with @entity545 may have a normal life with satisfactory sexual function. In some selected cases surgery offers an effective result.

title: XXXX : epidemiology and clinical presentation of 134 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ["Peyronie's disease"]

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile deformity', 'penile curvature']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction', 'Sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity545 :: (MESH:D010411,Disease) :: ['Peyronie's disease']


abstract: Limb ablation for @entity5 of the shoulder is a devastating procedure. Recent advances in preoperative investigative measures, adjuvant chemotherapy, and reconstructive techniques have resulted in an increased interest in limb-sparing resection. For limb-sparing procedures to present a viable alternative in these cases, recurrence rates must be comparable to those obtained with ablative surgery. In addition, the resection must result in an improvement over the status obtainable with prosthetic devices. Twenty-four @entity1 underwent limb-salvage procedures of various forms for primary @entity3478 of the shoulder girdle. At follow-up (average: 33 months), 19 @entity1 were alive without disease, one was alive with disease, and four were dead. One @entity1 had local recurrence. All surviving @entity1 enjoyed nearly normal function of the distal extremity. Improvements in techniques of soft tissue reconstruction in an effort to gain function and stability after wide resection of these @entity5 are necessary. Results indicate that these limb-salvage attempts offer successful alternatives to mutilating and crippling proximal amputations of the upper extremity.

title: XXXX of the shoulder girdle: surgical technique of resection and reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors']

answer: @entity3478 :: (MESH:D001859,Disease) :: ['Primary malignant bone tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Alternative splicing provides proteomic diversity that can have profound effects. The extent, pattern, and roles of alternative splicing in @entity788 have not been systematically investigated. We have utilized a spliceoform-specific microarray and polymerase chain reaction to evaluate all known splice variants in @entity1 @entity788 cell lines representing a spectrum of differentiation, from near-normal HPDE6 to Capan-1 and poorly differentiated MiaPaCa2 cells. Validation of altered spliceoforms was verified in primary @entity5 specimens and normal pancreatic ductal cells. In addition, expression of 92 spliceosomal genes was examined to better understand the mechanism for observed differences in mRNA splicing. RESULTS: A statistically significant reduction in alternative splicing was found in the @entity788 cell lines compared with HPDE6 cells. Many splice variants identified in @entity1 and MiaPaCa2 cells were observed in grades 3 and 4 @entity5 . Analysis of genes encoding spliceosomal proteins revealed that 28 of 92 genes had significantly decreased expression in @entity5 compared with normal pancreas. CONCLUSIONS: @entity788 has reduced alternative splicing diversity compared with normal pancreas. This is demonstrated in both cell lines and @entity5 , with the loss in splicing diversity correlated with relative reduction in expression of spliceosomal genes.

title: Characterization of alternative spliceoforms and the RNA splicing machinery in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND @entity1756 result in fatal @entity548 and high mortality. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and treatment are required, but there are sometimes problems differentiating this specific diagnosis from other abdominal pathologies. CASE REPORT We encountered a rare case of a @entity1756 with an atypical clinical presentation that simulated acute @entity788 . A 71-year-old @entity1 was admitted to the emergency department with @entity490 in the left upper quadrant, a slightly elevated level of pancreatic amylase, and @entity2963 on ultrasonography. With persistent @entity158 and progressively decreasing hemoglobin level, computed tomography with contrast showed fluid collection in the subphrenic space, a retroperitoneal @entity1410 , and a @entity438 that appeared to originate from a branch of the @entity4574 . Urgent angiography indicated @entity1409 of a @entity438 . Emergent surgery was undertaken, and a simple aneurysmectomy was successfully performed. The @entity1 's recovery was unremarkable. The prompt diagnosis of a @entity438 was difficult because the initial symptoms were vague and misleading in our case. CONCLUSIONS A high level of suspicion, rapid diagnostic capability, and prompt surgical or endovascular intervention, as well as effective teamwork in the emergency department, are critical to avoid the devastating consequences of a @entity1756 .

title: Surgical Resection of a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1409 :: ('MESH:D012422', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous rupture']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm', 'Ruptured aneurysms of the pancreaticoduodenal artery', 'ruptured visceral artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity1756 :: (MESH:D017542,Disease) :: ['Ruptured Pancreaticoduodenal Artery Aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We changed our surgical approach to @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ) in August 2011 and adopted @entity5130 ( @entity5130 ) instead  of extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP). In this study, we analyzed our perioperative and survival results during the 2 periods. METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent surgical intervention for @entity3620 during 2003-2014 were included. Data were retrospectively analyzed from a prospective database. Before August 2011, @entity1 underwent evaluation for @entity1753 (group 1). After August 2011, @entity1 were evaluated for @entity5130 and adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation (group 2). Demographic characteristics, surgical technique, histology, side, completeness of resection, and types of treatments were recorded. Statistics was performed using Student t  test,   (2) tests, uni- and multivariate regression, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS: The same surgical team operated on 130 @entity1 . Median age was 55.7  years (range, 26-80  years) and 76 were @entity1 . EPP and extended @entity5130 was performed in 72 @entity1 . Ninety-day mortality was 10%. Median survival was 17.8  months with a 5-year survival rate of 14%. Uni- and multivariate analyses showed that epithelioid histology, stage N0, and trimodality treatment were associated with better survival (P  =  .039, P  =  .012, and P  <  .001, respectively). Demographic variables and overall survival (15.6 vs 19.6  months, respectively) were similar between the groups, whereas nonepithelioid histology, use of preoperative chemotherapy, and incomplete resections were more frequent in group 2 (P  <  .001, P  <  .001, and P  =  .006, respectively). Follow-up was shorter in group 2 (22.5      20.6 vs 16.4      10.9  months; P  <  .001). CONCLUSIONS: Adoption of @entity5130 as the main surgical approach is not associated with survival disadvantage in the surgical treatment of @entity3620 .

title: Adoption of XXXX for @entity3620 leads to similar survival as extrapleural pneumonectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['MPM', 'malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity5130 :: ('MESH:D003655', 'Disease') :: ['pleurectomy and decortication', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['EPP and adjuvant chemoradiation']

answer: @entity5130 :: (MESH:D003655,Disease) :: ['pleurectomy and decortication']


abstract: After ovariectomy (ovx), @entity19610 mRNA levels and serum FSH increase 2- to 3-fold within 12 h, and this persists in the presence of a @entity1176 antagonist. As a fall in plasma @entity53 and @entity1420 appears to regulate @entity19610 via increased @entity1176 secretion, it is thought that the acute (by 2 h) changes in @entity19610 mRNA after ovx reflect falling levels of plasma inhibin. The current study addressed the following questions. 1) Does a reduction of circulating inhibin (via passive immunoneutralization or gonadectomy) increase @entity19610 mRNA levels? 2) If so, are the acute increases in @entity19610 mRNA associated with changes in the transcription rate? Adult male and female @entity35 received 0.5 ml antiinhibin antiserum, iv, and were killed 2 or 12 h later. A second group of @entity35 was gonadectomized; some received a @entity1176 antagonist and were killed at various intervals between 2 h and 7 days later. In adult males, no change in gonadotropin mRNA levels was observed after either addition of inhibin antiserum or removal of the testes. In contrast, in adult female @entity35 , both ovx and inhibin antiserum increased @entity19610 mRNA levels (2-fold) within 2 h, and a similar increase occurred in the presence of a @entity1176 antagonist. To determine if the increase in @entity19610 resulted from increased mRNA synthesis, adult female @entity35 were ovx, and half received a @entity1176 antagonist. Animals were killed 2 or 12 h later, and transcription rates were measured by nuclear run-off assay in pituitaries pooled from three @entity35 . The transcription rate of the alpha-subunit, although not altered by ovx, was decreased in animals receiving the @entity1176 antagonist. Transcription of the @entity18378 gene was increased within 2 h after ovx, a change that was abolished by the @entity1176 antagonist. mRNA concentrations of either alpha or @entity18378 do not increase acutely after ovx, suggesting that @entity1176 regulates alpha and @entity18378 gene transcription and 12 h or more of mRNA synthesis are required to increase cytoplasmic concentrations. The @entity19610 gene transcription rate was unchanged in both ovx and @entity1176 antagonist-treated animals, but serum FSH increased at 12 h. These data indicate that the rapid @entity1176 -independent increase in @entity19610 mRNA levels seen immediately after ovx is not associated with altered mRNA synthesis and suggest that inhibin may also regulate @entity19610 gene expression through nontranscriptional mechanisms.

title: Ovariectomy and inhibin immunoneutralization acutely increase XXXX messenger ribonucleic acid concentrations: evidence for a nontranscriptional mechanism.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity19610 :: (25447(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['follicle-stimulating hormone-beta']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the ability of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and beta blockers to slow the development of end @entity177 in non- @entity6 @entity1 with @entity177 . DESIGN: Open randomised multicentre trial with three year follow up. SETTING: Outpatient departments of six French hospitals. @entity1 : 100 @entity101 @entity1 with @entity177 (initial serum @entity1011 200-400 mumol/l. 52 randomised to @entity4688 and 48 to beta blockers (conventional treatment). INTERVENTIONS: @entity4688 or beta blocker was combined with @entity1483 and, if necessary, a @entity460 blocker or centrally acting drug in @entity1 whose diastolic pressure remained above 90 mm Hg. RESULTS: 17 @entity1 receiving conventional treatment and 10 receiving @entity4688 developed end @entity177 . The cumulative renal survival rate was significantly better in the @entity4688 group than in the conventional group (P < 0.05). The slope of the reciprocal serum @entity1011 concentration was steeper in the conventionally treated @entity1 (-6.89 x 10(-5)l/mumol/month) than in the @entity4688 group (-4.17 x 10(-5)l/mumol/month; P < 0.05). No difference in blood pressure was found between groups. CONCLUSION: In @entity101 @entity1 with @entity177 @entity4688 slows progression towards end @entity177 compared with beta blockers. This effect was probably not mediated through controlling blood pressure.

title: Randomised controlled trial of @entity4688 and beta blockers in non- XXXX @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['Enalapril', 'enalapril']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['frusemide']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['stage renal failure', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: We studied the interaction of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and concanavalin A (Con A) with regard to IgM and IgG production in in vitro cultures of @entity1 peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). In our system LPS alone over a wide range of concentrations did not stimulate detectable IgM or IgG production, while Con A at optimal (6 microgram/ml) and suboptimal (0.6 microgram/ml) mitogenic concentrations induced synthesis of small amounts of Ig. A marked enhancing effect was present when both Con A and LPS were added to the cultures. The different doses of LPS has similar effects on both classes of Ig, and typical dose-response curves were obtained. To evaluate the cellular basis of this synergism, the effect on cell proliferation was studied under identical experimental conditions in normal subjects and @entity1 with @entity1112 ( @entity1112 ). Parallel cultures were set up after monocyte depletion by adherence on Petri dishes. On day 3, increasing doses of LPS were associated with progressive decreases in @entity665 (3H-TdR) incorporation. Similar results were obtained with normal lymphocytes and those from @entity1112 @entity1 . Monocyte depletion did not substantially alter the lymphocyte response pattern. The preferential induction of helper activities, either directly by helper stimulation or indirectly by suppressor inhibition, is suggested as a possible mechanism of the interaction observed.

title: Activation of XXXX peripheral blood lymphocytes: effect of concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide on in vitro synthesis of DNA and immunoglobulins.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked agammaglobulinaemia', 'X-LA']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The purpose of the study was to evaluate objective response rate, survival and @entity137 of the combination of @entity136 - @entity1205 administered on a biweekly schedule as first-line treatment in advanced/relapsed or metastatic @entity189 . Treatment consisted of the sequenced administration of @entity136 1500 mg/m(2) and @entity1205 60 mg/m(2) (2 h intravenous infusion) on days 1, 14 of a 28-day cycle for 6 months. A total of 33 @entity1 , 22 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 , were enrolled, aged 41-75 years (median 64 years). The majority of @entity1 had a good performance status (94%; status<2). Thirteen @entity1 had locally advanced disease (39%) and 20 metastasic disease (41%). A total of 178 treatment cycles were administered with a median number of 5.4 cycles for a @entity1 (range 2-8). @entity137 was primarily hematologic with the most frequent grade >2 being @entity1398 (11%), with three episodes of @entity1398 . @entity417 and @entity882 were milder and had a lower incidence. The most frequent nonhematological @entity137 were @entity1665 , followed by @entity1395 . @entity358 was minimal. No toxic deaths were recorded during study and follow-up. Overall response rate was 53.1%, including four complete responses (12.5%) and 13 partial responses (40.6%), whereas six @entity1 (18.8%) had disease stabilization. Median time to progression was 10.2 months (95% confidence interval: 5.1-13.7), with a median survival of 14.8 months (95% confidence interval: 9.4-20.2) after an observation of 30 months (range 4-30+). The results of this study suggested that combination therapy with @entity136 and @entity1205 administered twice a week is particularly active and well tolerated as first-line treatment in advanced and/or metastatic @entity189 . Once data are confirmed in a larger study and longer follow-up, the favorable @entity137 profile of this regimen may offer an interesting alternative to the @entity900 -based regimen.

title: XXXX plus @entity1205 as first-line biweekly therapy in locally advanced and/or metastatic @entity189 : a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac and pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['Gemcitabine']


abstract: CONTEXT: Memory is one of the cognitive functions most affected in @entity161 , with deficits observed from the first episode of @entity716 (FEP). Previous studies have indicated that some memory processes may be more affected than others. OBJECTIVE: To examine the neural correlates of 3 specific memory processes in FEP by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychoses of the Douglas Hospital and Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University. Subjects Twenty-six @entity1 with FEP and 20 healthy controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Behavioral performance and regional brain activity measured during memory encoding by fMRI. Our fMRI design included 3 within-subject contrasts (associative vs item-oriented encoding, encoding of arbitrary vs semantically related image pairs, and successful vs unsuccessful memory encoding) that were then used for group conjunctions and between-group analyses. RESULTS: @entity1 with FEP showed normal activation of several brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and parahippocampal cortex, during successful memory encoding and associative encoding. In contrast, the hippocampus and surrounding medial temporal areas showed reduced activity during the encoding of arbitrary pairs. This selective dysfunction reflected by abnormal brain activation during encoding was accompanied by a greater deficit for subsequent recognition of arbitrary pairs relative to the semantically related pairs. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that, in the same group of @entity1 with FEP, the hippocampus could show either normal or abnormal modulation of activation depending on the specific cognitive process that was examined. The normal modulation of hippocampal activation observed during successful memory encoding in FEP argues against a general inability to recruit this region. Instead, the dysfunction was specifically linked to semantic relatedness. This selective deficit seems to affect memory performance in FEP and denotes an important representational problem that may confer greater vulnerability to @entity914 and would thus be interesting to examine in high-risk populations.

title: Selective abnormal modulation of hippocampal activity during memory formation in first-episode XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: A @entity5999 DNA vaccine expressing the small surface antigen (HBsAg) of @entity1956 was compared with Engerix B, a commercially available vaccine based on the homologous recombinant protein (r-HBsAg). @entity95 (five per group) were vaccinated intramuscularly at weeks 0, 5 and 10. Antibody responses against r-HBsAg were measured by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, by limiting dilutions and by subtyping. Specific lymphocyte proliferation in vitro was also measured. After one vaccination, three of the five phage-vaccinated @entity95 showed a strong antibody response, whereas no r-HBsAg-vaccinated animals responded. Following two vaccinations, all phage-vaccinated animals responded and antibody levels remained high throughout the experiment (220 days total). By 2 weeks after the second vaccination, antibody responses were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the phage-vaccinated group in all tests. After three vaccinations, one out of five r-HBsAg-vaccinated @entity95 still failed to respond. The recognized correlate of protection against @entity1956 is an antibody response against the HBsAg antigen. When combined with the fact that phage vaccines are potentially cheap to produce and stable at a range of temperatures, the results presented here suggest that further studies into the use of phage vaccination against @entity1956 are warranted.

title: Comparison of a bacteriophage-delivered DNA vaccine and a commercially available recombinant protein vaccine against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5999 :: ('10710', 'Species') :: ['bacteriophage lambda']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B infection', 'hepatitis B']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: An extensive community-based survey of visible @entity154 covering 12.8 million @entity1 in rural Tamil Nadu state was conducted during the years 2004-05. A door-to-door survey was done utilizing the existing health care delivery system. More than 10,000 village health nurses were involved to collect the data. All @entity1 between the ages of 0 and 15 years were seen. The @entity1 with defects were seen by a medical officer and diagnosis was made as per chart. A total of 1.30% of @entity1 were born with some @entity154 . The male:female ratio was 1.3:1. There was a family history in 9% and consanguinity in 32%. More than 5% mothers had taken some medication in the first trimester of pregnancy out of which anti-convulsants were 3.4%. @entity2419 showed a lower incidence of 1 in 1976 live births with peak incidence between March and June. @entity2419 alone showed a higher percentage (30%) than other studies.

title: A community-based survey of visible XXXX in rural Tamil Nadu.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['visible anomalies', 'congenital defects']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['Cleft palate', 'Facial clefts']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['congenital anomalies']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The purpose of this perspective study was to define the role of laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of @entity14 . METHODOLOGY: One hundred @entity14 @entity1 were submitted to surgical treatment between 1993 and 1996. Fifty @entity1 were operated on by videolaparoscopy, the other 50 were operated on according to the standard "open" technique. The two groups had similar demographic (age, gender), pathological (site, stage), and surgical (type and extent of resection) data. Early and late results, benefits and drawbacks of the minimally invasive technique are compared to those of standard open surgery. RESULTS: No intra-operative complications and no operative mortality occurred in the two groups. Early results (complications within 30 days from surgery) were: 1 @entity55 , 3 wound @entity295 , and 3 @entity292 (one required a reoperation) in the laparoscopic group; 2 wound @entity295 and 5 @entity292 (spontaneously recovered) in the open group. Late complications occurred in the laparoscopic group only: 1 bowel bridle occlusion 2 months after surgery (that required a reoperation), and 2 stenoses of the colorectal Knight-Griffen @entity254 , successfully treated by dilatation. Concerning the oncologic results, data were calculated on 40 laparoscopic and 43 open curative resections (stage I, II and III): 20% (8/40) of the laparoscopic and 23% (10/43) of the open group @entity1 resulted in @entity5 . The neoplastic recurrences were single site (liver or regional) in 3 laparoscopic and in 5 open @entity1 ; multiple sites of relapse were observed in 5 laparoscopic (liver, peritoneum and 1 trocar site) and in 5 open (liver, peritoneum and 1 scar) cases. Five-year disease-free survival rates (Kaplan-Meier method) were similar in the two groups: 73.2% in the laparoscopic and 70.1% in the open. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic surgery seems to be a feasible and effective treatment of @entity14 and, with the improvement of technology and surgeon skill, it will represent an excellent alternative to the more diffuse and consolidated open surgery technique.

title: XXXX : laparoscopic versus traditional open surgery. A clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic progression']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: AIM: Coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) is an angiographic finding characterized by delayed distal vessel opacification without any significant @entity453 . Several studies have suggested that CSFP might be a form of @entity731 . The present study was aimed to investigate the relationship between CSFP and @entity729 , which is one of the clear-cut indicators of @entity453 , by using computerized tomography. METHOD: Fifty-five @entity1 were included in the study. The coronary arteries of all @entity1 were shown by angiography to be normal. Coronary slow flow (CSF) patterns were evaluated by the thrombolysis in @entity583 frame count (TFC) method. @entity1 with normal coronary arteries and CSF were allocated into the CSF group, and @entity1 with normal coronary arteries and normal coronary flow were allocated into the control group. Coronary artery @entity460 (CAC) score was measured in 28 @entity1 with CSF and in 27 controls by 64-slice computerized tomography. RESULTS: The CSF and control groups were similar with respect to age, gender, smoking status, presence of @entity101 and @entity6 , @entity165 profiles, and Framingham risk scores (p>0.05). The CSF and control groups were not significantly different with respect to CAC score (p>0.05). Sub-group analysis of cardiac risk factors in @entity1 with or without @entity729 revealed that advanced age and low high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were significantly associated with @entity729 . There wasn't any relationship between coronary slow flow and cardiac risk factors or coronary @entity460 scores. CONCLUSION: In the present study, no association was found between the CSFP and calcified @entity731 . Additionally, it was demonstrated that, among the cardiac risk factors, advanced age and low HDL levels were associated with @entity729 .

title: The relationship between coronary slow flow phenomenon and coronary XXXX score.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery calcification']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerotic plaque', 'epicardial coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: We measured myocardial @entity26 , @entity413 , @entity880 , and @entity2388 consumption in chronically instrumented fetal and adult @entity742 . Although ascending aortic blood concentration of @entity26 was significantly lower in fetuses, myocardial consumption of @entity26 was similar in the two groups. This was accomplished by a significantly greater myocardial blood flow in the fetuses. Although ascending aortic blood @entity413 concentration was significantly lower in fetuses, myocardial consumption of @entity413 was significantly greater in fetuses. Complete oxidative combustion of all @entity413 consumed by the fetal heart would supply only one-third of myocardial energy demands, as measured by @entity26 consumption. Ascending aortic blood concentration of @entity880 was similar in fetuses and adults, but myocardial consumption of @entity880 was significantly greater in fetuses. Complete oxidative combustion of all @entity880 consumed by fetal hearts would supply almost 60% of myocardial energy demands. Small, but significant, amounts of @entity2388 are consumed by both fetuses and adults. Our data indicate that fetal lamb myocardium requires substrates other than @entity413 alone. The large amount of @entity880 consumed indicates that there is oxidative metabolism in addition to glycolysis and that @entity880 is of equal, or perhaps greater, importance as a myocardial energy substrate.

title: Myocardial @entity26 and carbohydrate consumption in fetal XXXX in utero and in adult @entity742 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['lambs']


abstract: With remarkable improvements in antenatal, intrapartum and the newborn care, the proportion of @entity14716 attributable to @entity154 has significantly increased. The number of @entity204 due to fetal @entity600 in some countries now approaches the number due to prematurity and it is justifiable to believe that abnormalities will soon be heading the league of causes of perinatal @entity204 . Even with the most advanced treatment teams and resources, many seriously malformed @entity1 cannot be habilitated to any reasonable degree. It is therefore obvious that the future of these types of disorders lies ultimately in their prevention. This has long been the hope of obstetricians and in certain abnormalities this can become a reality. With the advent of ultrasound, many @entity11578 cannot be evaluated by direct visualization of the placenta and fetal anatomy. The number of pregnancies monitored available and as public education about genetics increases. Diagnostic ultrasound has proved to be a powerful means of preventing the birth of babies with significant defects. If this has not been achieved in early pregnancy, the knowledge that the fetus is or may be abnormal at the end of pregnancy can still be valuable, since the management of @entity1 before and during labour could be radically altered. Therefore, ultrasound examination should be preferred as the initial test because it is without risk and produces no side effects.

title: Diagnosis and assessment of fetal XXXX by ultrasound.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity11578 :: ('MESH:D020914', 'Disease') :: ['structural anomalies']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity14716 :: ('MESH:D066087', 'Disease') :: ['perinatal problems']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['malformation and abnormalities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Drugs for @entity9 have incomplete efficacy and dose-limiting side-effects when given as monotherapy. We assessed the efficacy and tolerability of combined @entity5080 and @entity2682 compared with each drug given alone. METHODS: In this double-blind, double-dummy, crossover trial, @entity1 with @entity3949 or @entity14000 , and who had a daily @entity158 score of at least 4 (scale 0-10), were enrolled and treated at one study site in Canada between Nov 5, 2004, and Dec 13, 2007. 56 @entity1 were randomised in a 1:1:1 ratio with a balanced Latin square design to receive one of three sequences of daily oral @entity2682 , @entity5080 , and their combination. In sequence, a different drug was given to each randomised group in three treatment periods. During each 6-week treatment period, drug doses were titrated towards maximum tolerated dose. The primary outcome was mean daily @entity158 at maximum tolerated dose. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered, number ISRCTN73178636. FINDINGS: 45 @entity1 completed all three treatment periods; 47 @entity1 completed at least two treatment periods and were analysed for the primary outcome. Mean daily @entity158 (0-10; numerical rating scale) was 5.4 (95% CI 5.0 to 5.8) at baseline, and at maximum tolerated dose, @entity158 was 3.2 (2.5 to 3.8) for @entity2682 , 2.9 (2.4 to 3.4) for @entity5080 , and 2.3 (1.8 to 2.8) for combination treatment. @entity158 with combination treatment was significantly lower than with @entity2682 (-0.9, 95% CI -1.4 to -0.3, p=0.001) or @entity5080 alone (-0.6, 95% CI -1.1 to -0.1, p=0.02). At maximum tolerated dose, the most common adverse event was @entity2133 , which was significantly less frequent in @entity1 on @entity2682 than on @entity5080 (p<0.0001) or combination treatment (p<0.0001). No serious adverse events were recorded for any @entity1 during the trial. INTERPRETATION: Combined @entity2682 and @entity5080 seems to be more efficacious than either drug given alone for @entity9 , therefore we recommend use of this combination in @entity1 who show a partial response to either drug given alone and seek additional @entity158 relief. Future trials should compare other combinations to their respective monotherapies for treatment of @entity158 . FUNDING: Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

title: @entity5080 and @entity2682 , alone and in combination for XXXX : a double-blind, randomised controlled crossover trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity5080 :: ('MESH:D009661', 'Chemical') :: ['nortriptyline']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'such pain']

entities_list: @entity14000 :: ('MESH:D051474', 'Disease') :: ['postherpetic neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence of jaw symptoms and signs during the first year after a @entity135 in a car collision. Further, to determine their relationships to the localisation and grade of the @entity135 and signs, @entity10 , @entity1005 and crash characteristics. METHODS: One hundred and forty-six adult subjects and crash characteristics were prospectively investigated in an in-depth study during 1997-2001. Head, neck, and jaw symptoms and signs were recorded within 5 weeks and after 1 year. Acute @entity1005 was estimated with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). RESULTS: Jaw symptoms were initially reported by three @entity1 (5%) and three @entity1 (4%), and subsequently developed in eight @entity1 (10%) during the following year. Jaw signs were noted initially in 53 subjects (37%) and in 28 subjects (24%) after 1 year, without difference between sexes, and more often after low-speed impacts. @entity10 in females, @entity129 , pronounced neck problems, @entity1005 and @entity74 ( @entity74 ) grade II-III after rear-end impacts were related to jaw signs during the acute phase. After 1 year, jaw signs were related to residual neck problems, @entity10 and @entity1005 . CONCLUSIONS: Jaw symptoms are seldom reported during the acute phase after a @entity130 . @entity1 more often than @entity1 develop jaw symptoms during the first year. Jaw symptoms and signs may develop also after low-speed impacts, especially after rear-end collisions. Jaw symptoms and signs should be observed after @entity130 , especially in those with @entity10 , pronounced neck problems, @entity129 and @entity1005 .

title: Jaw symptoms and signs and the connection to @entity129 and XXXX during the first year after a @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['initial neck symptoms', 'neck sprain']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial cervical symptoms', 'cranial neck symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['WAD', 'whiplash-associated disorders']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'Headache']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['whiplash trauma']

answer: @entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['post-traumatic stress']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Alterations of @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ) DNA methylation at specific @entity2252 promoters and corresponding gene expressions are associated with pathology and the response to antidepressant (AD) therapy in @entity1316 such as @entity308 ( @entity308 ) and @entity162 ( @entity162 ). METHODS: Genomic DNA was derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and was @entity9736 converted. Percentage of methylated reference (PMR) was calculated based on results from quantitative real-time PCR following the MethyLight protocol. For statistical analysis parametric procedures were performed as appropriate. RESULTS: In this study 544 subjects were included, 207 @entity308 subjects, 59 @entity162 subjects and 278 control subjects. The @entity2252 exon I promoter methylation resulted to be significantly increased in @entity308 subjects compared to @entity162 subjects (p=0.0089) and control subjects (p<0.001). Furthermore, the increase of methylation in @entity308 subjects was significantly associated with AD therapy (p=0.0019) but not to the clinical features of @entity308 such as the severity of symptoms (p=n.s.). None of the 12 investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) showed significant genotype-methylation interactions. LIMITATIONS: Although based on previous findings, the DNA methylation was evaluated within only one CpG island of the different alternative @entity2252 gene transcripts. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the methylation status might not only be affected by the disease phenotype but might also be further influenced by pharmacological treatment, therefore harbouring the possibility of identifying new insights for treatment options.

title: @entity2252 ( @entity2252 )-epigenetic regulation in unipolar and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'depression', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity9736 :: ('MESH:C042345', 'Chemical') :: ['bisulfite']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar affective disorder']


abstract: @entity3003 , a @entity900 analogue without significant nephrotoxicity, was used as a single agent in the treatment of 56 @entity1 with @entity151 at a dose of 300-400 mg/m2 i.v. monthly. Twenty-three @entity1 (41%) achieved a response including 5 (9%) complete remissions. Eighteen (60%) of 30 previously untreated @entity1 achieved a response. The drug was well tolerated with @entity390 or @entity391 in only 43% of @entity1 and no nephrotoxicity was seen. Myelosuppression was dose limiting and 39% of @entity1 developed @entity1431 . In a subsequent study @entity3003 in a dose of 300 mg/m2 was used in combination with @entity2879 100 mg/m2 i.v. days 1-3, repeating monthly for 4 courses. So far 32 (89%) of 36 evaluable @entity1 have achieved a response. In @entity1 with limited disease 20/23 @entity1 (87%) have responded including 7 (30%) complete remissions. @entity1431 was dose limiting and occurred in 83% of @entity1 . @entity3003 is a highly active new drug in the treatment of @entity151 .

title: XXXX (JM8) as a single agent and in combination in the treatment of @entity151 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia', 'Leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer', 'small cell lung carcinoma']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['Carboplatin']


abstract: @entity22756 (IMD) is a novel member of the @entity175 /calcitonin gene-related peptide family. We investigated the cardioprotective mechanism of IMD(1-53) in the in vivo @entity35 model of @entity741 /reperfusion (I/R) injury and in vitro primary neonatal cardiomyocyte model of @entity519 /reoxygenation (H/R). @entity583 size was measured by @entity5045 staining. Cardiomyocyte viability was determined by @entity3460 staining, cell injury by @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis by terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 nick-end labeling assay, Hoechst staining, gel electrophoresis and @entity4124 activity. The translocation of mitochondrial cytochrome c of myocardia and expression of apoptosis-related factors @entity1976 and @entity2310 , phosphorylated @entity2308 and phosphorylated @entity9096 were determined by western blot analysis. IMD(1-53) (20 nmol/kg) limited the @entity583 size in @entity35 with I/R; the @entity1188 size was decreased by 54%, the apoptotic index by 30%, and @entity4124 activity by 32%; and the translocation of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol was attenuated. IMD(1-53) increased the mRNA and protein expression of @entity1976 and ratio of @entity1976 to @entity2310 by 81 and 261%, respectively. IMD(1-53) (1 x 10(-7) mol/L) inhibited the H/R effect in cardiomyocytes by reducing cell death by 43% and LDH leakage by 16%; diminishing cellular apoptosis; decreasing @entity4124 activity by 50%; and increasing the phosphorylated @entity2308 and @entity9096 by 41 and 90%, respectively. The cytoprotection of IMD(1-53) was abolished with @entity2306 , a PI3K inhibitor. In conclusion, IMD(1-53) exerts cardioprotective effect against @entity296 /R injury through the activation of the @entity2308 / @entity9096 signaling pathway to inhibit mitochondria-mediated @entity296 .

title: Activation of @entity2308 / @entity9096 signaling pathway is involved in XXXX (1-53) protection against @entity296 induced by ischemia/reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial I', 'myocardial apoptosis']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct', 'Myocardial infarct']

answer: @entity22756 :: (399475(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['intermedin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare contrast agent-enhanced spiral and electron-beam computed tomography (CT) for the analysis of segmental and @entity358 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT angiography of the pulmonary arteries was performed in 56 @entity1 to rule out @entity1151 . Electron-beam CT was performed in 28 @entity1 . The other 28 @entity1 underwent spiral CT with comparable scanning protocols. The depiction of @entity1347 was analyzed by three independent readers. The contrast enhancement in the main pulmonary artery was measured in each @entity1 . RESULTS: Analysis was performed in 1,120 segmental and 2, 240 subsegmental arteries. One segmental (RA7, P =.010) and two subsegmental (LA7b, P =.029; RA6a+b, P =.038) arteries in paracardiac and basal segments of the lung were depicted significantly better with electron-beam CT. There was no statistically significant difference between electron-beam and spiral CT in the total number of analyzable peripheral arteries depicted. The mean contrast enhancement in the main pulmonary artery was 362 HU in electron-beam CT studies versus 248 HU in spiral CT studies. CONCLUSION: Detailed visualization of peripheral pulmonary arteries is well within the scope of advanced CT techniques. Electron-beam CT has minor advantages in analyzing paracardiac arteries, probably because of reduction of motion artifacts and higher contrast enhancement. Further studies are needed to establish whether electron-beam CT allows a more confident diagnosis of emboli in these vessels.

title: Segmental and XXXX : evaluation with electron-beam versus spiral CT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['segmental and subsegmental arteries']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['subsegmental pulmonary arteries']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['subsegmental pulmonary arteries']


abstract: The live replication-competent modified @entity6621 Tiantan (MVTT) is an attractive vaccine vector, yet little is known about its tissue tropism and pathology in vivo. Recently, we demonstrated that a recombinant MVTT expressing the spike glycoprotein of @entity6723 -CoV (namely MVTT-S) is superior to the non-replicating modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA-S) for inducing high level of neutralizing antibodies through mucosal vaccination. In this study, we further determined the tissue tropism and safety of MVTT-S after the vaccine was administrated through various routes including: intramuscular (i.m.), intranasal (i.n.), and intravaginal (i.vag.) inoculations, respectively. Using real-time PCR, nested PCR, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization assays, we found that MVTT-S was able to produce a transient @entity281 in all cases within 48 hr post-inoculation, yet the major site of viral replication in various tissues or organs was dependent on the route of viral administration. We demonstrated that i.m. injection of MVTT-S primarily targeted draining inguinal lymph nodes, whereas @entity33 had broader range of tissue infections. i.n. inoculation involved infections in lungs, kidneys, spleens and cervix lymph nodes while i.vag. administration targeted uteruses, ovaries, kidneys and spleens. Critically, the @entity281 did not cause severe pathogenic consequences in infected tissues, which was consistent to the attenuated phenotype of MVTT-S. Our findings have implications for the optimization of vaccination route and for studies on the correlation between the magnitude of immune responses and the extent of tissue involvement in vivo.

title: The route of inoculation determines the tissue tropism of modified vaccinia Tiantan expressing the spike glycoprotein of XXXX -CoV in mice.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal inoculation']

entities_list: @entity6621 :: ('10245', 'Species') :: ['vaccinia virus']

answer: @entity6723 :: (227859,Species) :: ['SARS']


abstract: @entity221 was applied in the region of the vertebral column between the cervical vertebrae 5 and thoracic 2, using a ring-shaped applicator operating at a microwave frequency of 434 MHz. This region was focally heated, including spinal cord, vertebrae, intervertebral discs and nerve roots. In all experiments temperature was measured at a 'reference' thermocouple probe which was placed against one of the cervical vertebrae 6, 7 or thoracic 1. Temperatures inside the vertebral canal were measured separately and proved to be below the 'reference' temperature: at 42 degrees, 43 degrees, 44 degrees and 45 degrees C (+/- 0.1 degree C) respectively the temperature in the canal was 41.2 degrees, 42.3 degrees, 42.9 degrees and 43.2 degrees C (+/- 0.4 degree C). Temperatures in tissues close to the vertebrae (e.g. within 2 mm lateral to the vertebrae, in the region of the brachial plexus) did not differ significantly from the temperature inside the canal. The temperature inside the intervertebral disc was as high as the 'reference' temperature. Temperatures measured at other sites, e.g. in the oesophagus, rectally and in the cervical muscles 5 or 10 mm lateral from the vertebral column showed that these sites were only slightly heated. The effects of @entity221 at temperatures inside the spinal canal ranging from 41.2-43.2 degrees C for 30-120 min were investigated. One day after treatment at 41.2 degrees C for 120 min or 42.3 degrees C for 60 min neither @entity16 nor deaths were observed. @entity16 were observed one day after 75 min at 42.3 degrees C. The incidence and severity of the @entity16 (ranging from unco-ordinated use of the forelegs to @entity912 ) increased with increasing temperature and duration of the hyperthermic treatment. Thermal damage even resulted in lethality: 74 per cent of the @entity35 that died did so between 2 and 42 h after treatment. The LD50 value at 60 days at 43.2 degrees C was 30 min, at 42.9 degrees C, 41 min, and at 42.3 degrees C, 92 min. In most @entity35 with @entity16 after treatment, recovery from motor dysfunctions took place within about two weeks. Even severe @entity16 which did not lead to lethality recovered completely. At day 60 no @entity16 were observed.

title: Effects of 434 MHz microwave XXXX applied to the @entity35 in the region of the cervical spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Minor neurological symptoms', 'neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'Hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: How to optimally treat @entity1177 is subject to debate. This study assessed how clinical features and treatment modalities corresponded with long-term survival. METHODS: Sixty-five @entity1 at our institution were diagnosed with @entity1177 from 1982 to 2003. The median follow-up time was 92.9 months. We evaluated the prognostic value of age, gender, symptoms at presentation, histological classification, @entity5 stage, and treatment modality with regard to overall survival. RESULTS: The five-year survival rate was 52%. Age (p = 0.03), @entity2802 stage (p = 0.04), T classification (p = 0.04), nodal involvement (p = 0.03), and surgery (p = 0.04) were significant prognostic factors for overall survival. There was a significant difference in the overall survival rate and months of survival between @entity1 who underwent surgery and those who had nonsurgical treatment (p = 0.04). In @entity1 with @entity66 , @entity1 who received en bloc surgery had a higher overall survival than @entity1 who received piecemeal surgery (p = 0.045). Multivariate analysis revealed that T classification was the most powerful prognostic factor for overall survival (p = 0.026), followed by nodal involvement (p = 0.036). Surgery was a marginally significant prognostic factor (p = 0.066). CONCLUSIONS: Although multivariate analysis showed that T classification and nodal involvement corresponded more with survival than did surgery, we conclude that adequate surgical removal should be an integral component of multimodal treatment.

title: Long-term survival after surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1177 :: ('MESH:D008444', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary sinus carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['T3 disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage III-IV maxillary sinus carcinoma']


abstract: The relationship between an objective measure of glycaemic control (glycated haemoglobin ( @entity4051 )) and personality variables was examined in two separate groups of adult Type 1 (insulin-dependent) @entity6 @entity1 . Study 1 included 121 @entity1 , all of whom also had subjective self-reporting of treatment compliance assessed, while the first 57 @entity1 had individual differences in intelligence, major dimensions of personality and forgetfulness documented. Study 2 examined 303 @entity1 , all of whom had their major dimensions of personality assessed using a shortened and updated version of the original personality questionnaire. Demographic indices (age, onset-age, duration of @entity6 ) were assessed in both groups. No significant correlation was found between @entity4051 and self-report compliance suggesting that self-reporting may be invalid as a measure of glycaemic control. In study 1 personality and intelligence variables did not correlate significantly with @entity4051 values. Older @entity1 with shorter duration of @entity6 had significantly better glycaemic control (p < 0.05). A significant correlation was observed between @entity4051 concentration and onset-age of @entity6 (p < 0.001); the @entity1 who had developed @entity6 later in life were achieving better control of their blood @entity413 . In the larger number of subjects in study 2 no significant correlations were evident between @entity4051 and personality variables. It is concluded that the predictors of glycaemic control indexed by @entity4051 may be distinct from predictors of self-report compliance and that the latter have limited or no value in providing an assessment of quality of glycaemic control. There is no evidence of an effect of personality on glycaemic control as measured by @entity4051 .

title: Psychological and demographic correlates of glycaemic control in adult @entity1 with type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Previous studies showed that @entity6644 and @entity6645 , two @entity855 -binding-cassette (ABC) transporters, are required for cuticular lipids extracellular secretion. Here, we characterized ABCG13, a third clade member, to widen our limited knowledge regarding assembly of the plant's cuticle. We isolated an abcg13 knockout mutant and used RNAi and artificial microRNA approaches to study the effect of ABCG13 loss-of-function. These plants were subsequently used to conduct a detailed analysis of cuticular lipids composition and cytological observations. ABCG13 loss-of-function resulted in cuticle-related phenotypes that were restricted to flowers, including inter-organ post-genital fusions. Apart from a significant reduction in flower cutin monomers, the macromorphology and micromorphology of abcg13 petal epidermis was strongly affected. We also found that ABCG13 is highly expressed in flowers, predominantly in petals and carpels. The results suggest that ABCG13 is required for the transport of flower cuticular lipids. This work introduces a new component to the recently emerging genetic network that makes the archetypal exterior of @entity958 flowers. While the question regarding the substrate specificity of the @entity6645 -clade members remains open, these findings will facilitate future investigations regarding the interaction between the half-size ABCG-type transporters that likely take part in cuticle assembly.

title: The XXXX ABCG13 transporter is required for flower cuticle secretion and patterning of the petal epidermis.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: The relative importance of the factors that contribute to the @entity79 seen underlying alloplastic implants remains unknown. This study was designed to examine the effects of different alloplastic onlays on the mandible in a @entity95 animal model. Three alloplastic materials (soft solid @entity1346 , @entity3677 , and porous @entity691 ) were examined to determine the importance of implant composition in bone resorption. Thin (1.5-mm) and thick (6-mm) onlays were used to determine the relative importance of implant thickness. Fluorescent markers were administered at different time intervals to evaluate the patterns of new bone formation. A total of 96 implants placed on the mandibles of 16 animals were examined grossly, histologically, and under fluorescent microscopy after 12 and 24 weeks. The frequency and degree of @entity79 were related both to the type of alloplast and to the thickness of the implant. @entity1346 implants were associated with the greatest amount of bone resorption (p < 0.01). Thicker @entity1346 implants were associated with a greater degree of thinning (p < 0.05). Bone resorption beneath the implants was documented by the presence of osteoclasts actively eroding bone and by changes in the normal patterns of the fluorescent markers. Both the thin @entity3677 and the thin porous @entity691 implants had a low incidence of bone thinning. The thick @entity3677 implants caused more @entity2681 than the thin implants of the same material, although this was less than the @entity1346 groups. Increasing the thickness of porous @entity691 implants did not adversely affect the underlying bone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effects of alloplastic implant onlays on bone in the XXXX mandible.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone erosion']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['Silicone', 'silicone']

entities_list: @entity3677 :: ('MESH:D020366', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl methacrylate']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28 is a growing health challenge. Recent studies show that @entity1 with late bedtime and late awakening are more obese independent of total sleep time. In adolescents and adults, a delayed @entity25 has been associated with higher caloric intake. Furthermore, an adult study showed a positive correlation between REM sleep and energy balance. This relationship has not been demonstrated in @entity1 . However, it may be important as a delayed @entity25 would increase the proportion of REM sleep. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the relationship between hunger score and sleep physiology in a paediatric population. METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 referred for a polysomnogram for suspected @entity27 were enrolled in the study. Sleep stages were recorded as part of the polysomnogram. Hunger scores were obtained using a visual analogue scale. Mean age was 9.6        3.5 years. RESULTS: Mean hunger scores were 2.07        2.78. Hunger scores were positively correlated with percentage of total rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (r   =   0.438, P   <   0.01) and REM sleep duration in minutes (r   =   0.471, P   <   0.05). Percentage @entity25 ( @entity25 ) was negatively correlated with hunger score (r   =   -0.360, P   <   0.05). There were no correlations between age, sex, body mass index percentiles, apnoea-hypopnoea index, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, stage 2 sleep duration and hunger scores. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that delayed bedtime, which increases the proportion of REM sleep and decreases the proportion of @entity25 , results in higher hunger levels in @entity1 .

title: Association between sleep stages and hunger scores in 36 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep phase', 'slow wave sleep', 'SWS']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Childhood obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Female @entity35 were tested for @entity146 toward an unfamiliar female conspecific 13 days following the beginning of cohabitation with a male. Forty-eight hours later, half of the females that displayed @entity146 were ovariectomized. To maintain pregnancy, they were also given Silastic implants of @entity53 (1-mm tube) and @entity1420 (6 tubes, 30-mm long; Dow-Corning tubing #602-305) sufficient to maintain pregnancy but at lower levels than those normally present. Control females were given a sham ovariectomy and implanted with empty tubes. Each animal received a second @entity146 test at 48 h following surgery and a third test, 3 days following the second. Hormone implants successfully maintained pregnancy and supported the normal development of the pups. However, Ovariectomized females with hormone implants did not spontaneously give birth. Ovariectomized females displayed less @entity146 than their sham-ovariectomized counterparts at the second and third @entity146 tests. The difference was due to an increasing level of @entity146 by the control but not the experimental animals. These results are consistent with other evidence that circulating gonadal hormones influence the onset of @entity146 in the female @entity35 .

title: Aggression is attenuated by ovariectomy in pregnant female XXXX given @entity1420 and @entity53 replacement to maintain pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'maternal aggression']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The purpose of this analysis was to understand better the problems faced in the management of blunt @entity1317 and to try and simplify the controversies regarding the optimal surgical approach to these injuries. Charts of 92 blunt liver @entity130 @entity1 treated between July 1, 1991 to June 30, 1993 were reviewed. Nineteen @entity1 with blunt @entity1317 were identified. The isolated left @entity99 group (five @entity1 ) were all treated using a nonshunting approach with no mortalities. Half of the isolated right @entity99 group (ten @entity1 ) received an atriocaval shunt, and the other half did not. These two different approaches each produced one survivor, with a combined mortality rate of 80% (eight of ten @entity1 ). One of the combined injuries group (four @entity1 ) received a total hepatectomy followed by liver transplantation. Another received a shunt. The other two were treated without shunting, but all of them expired. The overall mortality rate was 63.2% (12 of 19 @entity1 ), with nine @entity1 dying intraoperatively or immediately postoperatively from exsanguination. The other three died 10, 25, and 30 days postoperatively because of @entity295 . Juxtahepatic @entity1317 should be suspected after failure of the Pringle maneuver to stop bleeding and the different @entity1317 differentiated by palpation of the adjacent hepatic parenchymal injuries. If an isolated left @entity99 is found and the liver parenchymal injury is limited to segments II, III, or IV, then a nonshunting approach will achieve the optimal outcome.

title: Surgical management of @entity1317 in blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['juxtahepatic venous injuries', 'venous injuries', 'venous injury']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic vein injury']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic trauma']


abstract: Seven @entity1 with @entity1642 and seven @entity1 with sacral metastasis were studied with MR imaging. The diagnoses were confirmed with other imaging modalities and clinical follow-up. The insufficiency @entity174 appeared as bands of abnormal signal: low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and slightly low to iso signal intensity on T2-weighted images. The lesions were delineated better on T1-weighted images than on T2-weighted images. The sacral alae were involved in all @entity1 ; five @entity1 had bilateral lesions. The lesions that run across the sacral body were seen in three cases. Inclined coronal images were useful in demonstrating the pattern of distribution of the @entity1642 . In three @entity1 with follow-up MR studies, the lesions were markedly reduced or disappeared. The sacral @entity3 were of low signal in density on T1-weighted images and iso to high signal in density on T2-weighted images. The extent and distribution patterns of the lesions were various. It is possible to differentiate @entity1642 from sacral metastases based on their distribution patterns on MRI. However, if the diagnosis is uncertain or if the symptoms persist or become worse, follow-up MR studies may be necessary.

title: [Magnetic resonance imaging of XXXX : characteristic features and differentiation from sacral metastasis].

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['sacral insufficiency fractures']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity1642 :: (MESH:D015775,Disease) :: ['sacral insufficiency fractures']


abstract: Percutaneous liver biopsies and blood samples were obtained from 80 dairy @entity291 in nine Michigan herds over the peripartum period. Thirty-nine @entity291 were fed 17 g of supplemental @entity8580 and 41 were fed a placebo. Liver biopsies were assayed for total myoinositol and @entity412 (TG) concentrations. Blood samples were assayed for serum dextran precipitable @entity165 , nonesterified @entity1718 ( @entity3691 ), @entity8788 , @entity1955 (T4), free (FT4), @entity1954 (T3) and free T3 (FT3) concentrations. Serum concentrations of @entity8788 and the thyroid hormones @entity393 , with lowest concentrations occurring in the immediate postpartum period. Concentrations of T3 correlated well with T4, and the concentrations of free thyroid hormones reflected concentrations of total @entity8789 . The percentage of hormone in the free fraction remained constant over time. Serum @entity8788 , T3 and T4 were negatively correlated with serum @entity3691 and liver TG concentrations. Thyroid hormone concentrations were positively correlated with serum dextran precipitable @entity165 concentrations. @entity8580 supplementation was associated with reduced circulating T3 and FT3 concentrations, but not T4 and FT4 concentrations. Changes in hormone concentrations at parturition and their relationship to liver TG and serum @entity3691 concentrations were consistent with a metabolic adaptation by the dairy @entity291 to the negative energy balance of early lactation.

title: @entity8580 and hepatic lipidosis. II. Effect of XXXX supplementation and time from parturition on serum @entity8788 , @entity1955 and @entity1954 and their relationship to serum and liver lipids in dairy @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['Inositol', 'inositol']

entities_list: @entity8789 :: ('MESH:D013963', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormones']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreased near parturition']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity8580 :: (MESH:D007294,Chemical) :: ['inositol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14680 (FF) is a novel long-acting inhaled corticosteroid (ICS). This double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study evaluated the efficacy and safety of FF 200 mcg or 400 mcg once daily, either in the morning or in the evening, and FF 200 mcg twice daily (morning and evening), for 8 weeks in @entity1 with persistent @entity565 . METHODS: Asthma @entity1 maintained on ICS for >=  3 months with baseline morning forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) 50-80% of predicted normal value and FEV(1) reversibility of >=  12% and >=  200 ml were eligible. The primary endpoint was mean change from baseline FEV(1) at week 8 in pre-dose (morning or evening [depending on regimen], pre-rescue bronchodilator) FEV(1). RESULTS: A total of 545 @entity1 received one of five FF treatment groups and 101 @entity1 received placebo (intent-to-treat population). Each of the five FF treatment groups produced a statistically significant improvement in pre-dose FEV(1) compared with placebo (p < 0.05). FF 400 mcg once daily in the evening and FF 200 mcg twice daily produced similar placebo-adjusted improvements in evening pre-dose FEV(1) at week 8 (240 ml vs. 235 ml). FF 400 mcg once daily in the morning, although effective, resulted in a smaller improvement in morning pre-dose FEV(1) than FF 200 mcg twice daily at week 8 (315 ml vs. 202 ml). The incidence of @entity5253 was low (0-4%) and UC excretion was comparable with placebo for all FF groups. CONCLUSIONS: FF at total daily doses of 200 mcg or 400 mcg was significantly more effective than placebo. FF 400 mcg once daily in the evening had similar efficacy to FF 200 mcg twice daily and all FF regimens had a safety tolerability profile generally similar to placebo. This indicates that inhaled FF is an effective and well tolerated once-daily treatment for mild-to-moderate @entity565 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT00398645.

title: Efficacy in @entity565 of once-daily treatment with XXXX : a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity5253 :: ('MESH:D002180', 'Disease') :: ['oral candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity14680 :: ('MESH:C523187', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluticasone furoate']

answer: @entity14680 :: (MESH:C523187,Chemical) :: ['fluticasone furoate']


abstract: The expression of @entity3558 @entity5091 was investigated in normal colonic tissue, in @entity1586 and in @entity189 of the mucinous and non-mucinous type. The latter were subdivided into @entity189 originating from the @entity2513 sequence (ACS) and de novo (DN) @entity189 . The expression was assayed by immunohistochemistry with the monoclonal anti- @entity5091 antibody CCP58 and by mRNA semiquantitation. @entity5091 protein epitope CCP58 was strongly expressed in 21% of normal colonic tissues, in 40% of villous and in 48% of tubular @entity652 . @entity189 exhibited strong expression in 72%, @entity189 in 21% and @entity420 in none of the @entity5 investigated. Compared with the adjacent non-malignant tissue (transitional mucosa), CCP58 epitope expression in the @entity5 was higher in 74% of @entity189 , but equal or lower in 69% of @entity189 and in 100% of de novo @entity189 . The alterations of @entity5091 expression detected by immunohistochemistry in @entity420 were confirmed on mRNA level. These data indicate that the @entity5091 expression pattern is different in the 3 @entity189 types investigated. @entity5091 over-expression occurs in the adenomatous tissue. It is always maintained in @entity189 , but frequently decreased in non-mucinous @entity189 . @entity189 are most frequently associated with decreased expression of @entity5091 .

title: Expression of XXXX - @entity3558 in @entity2513 of different histological types.

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['ACS carcinomas', 'DN carcinomas', 'carcinomas', 'mucinous carcinomas', 'Mucinous carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma-carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'DN adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic adenomas']

answer: @entity5091 :: (4583,Gene) :: ['MUC2']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the effect of @entity594 associated with @entity617 in @entity1901 passage. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In our department we enrolled 50 @entity1 with radiopaque ureteral stones. Stone size was 15 mm or less. The @entity1 were divided into two groups: group I included 25 @entity1 who received 30 mg oral treatment of slow-release @entity594 (for a maximum of 20 days) and 25 mg of @entity617 (for a maximum of 10 days) daily. Group II was made up of 25 @entity1 who received 25 mg of @entity617 daily. On request, both groups could use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. RESULTS: The mean expulsion time was 6 days in group I and 10 days in group II. The average stone size was 12 mm in group I and 12.8 mm in group II. Six @entity1 suspended therapy in group I (5 erythema, 1 stomachache), and seven in group II (3 because of intolerable @entity158 , 4 stomachache). The expulsion success rates were 68% in group I and 81% in group II. CONCLUSIONS: For ureteral stones that do not cause an emergency situation, such as @entity3551 , @entity281 or intolerable @entity158 , we suggest expulsive medical treatment with @entity594 and @entity617 , if there are no contraindications to drug use.

title: Our experience with @entity594 and XXXX as expulsive therapy for ureteral stones.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3551 :: ('MESH:C536483', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive uropathy']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral stone']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity617 :: (MESH:D011239,Chemical) :: ['prednisolone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The core/shell structure @entity13528 / @entity3758 magnetic microspheres were prepared by a sol-gel method, and immobiled with @entity11058 ( @entity11059 ) as metal ion affinity ligands for protein adsorption. The size, morphology, magnetic properties and surface modification of magnetic @entity3440 nanospheres were characterized by various modern analytical instruments. It was shown that the magnetic @entity3440 nanospheres exhibited superparamagnetism with saturation magnetization values of up to 58.1   @entity6498 /g. Three divalent metal ions, @entity8863 , @entity3411 and @entity8862 , were chelated on the @entity13528 @ @entity3758 - @entity11059 magnetic microspheres to adsorb lysozyme, respectively. The results indicated that @entity3411 -chelating magnetic microspheres had the maximum adsorption capacity for lysozyme to be 51.0   mg/g, the adsorption equilibrium could reach within 60 min and the adsorbed protein could be easily eluted. Furthermore, the synthesized @entity13528 @ @entity3758 - @entity11059 - @entity3411 magnetic microspheres were successfully applied for selective enrichment lysozyme from egg white and His-tag recombinant Homer 1a from the inclusion extraction expressed in @entity526 . The result indicated that the magnetic microspheres showed unique characteristics of high selective separation behavior of protein mixture, low non-specific adsorption, and @entity12168 . It demonstrates that the magnetic @entity3440 microspheres can be used efficiently in protein separation or purification and show great potential in the pretreatment of the biological sample. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Preparation of core/shell structure @entity13528 @ @entity3758 superparamagnetic microsph- eres immoblized with XXXX as immobilized metal ion affinity adsorbents for His-tag protein purification.

entities_list: @entity11058 :: ('MESH:C008109', 'Chemical') :: ['iminodiacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity12168 :: ('MESH:C562385', 'Disease') :: ['easy handling']

answer: @entity11058 :: (MESH:C008109,Chemical) :: ['iminodiacetic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Health literacy influences individual and family health behaviour, health services use, and ultimately health outcomes and health care costs. In Hong Kong, @entity1 are at risk of seasonal @entity281 twice a year for three-month periods. Seasonal @entity683 is significantly associated with an increased number of hospitalized @entity1 . There is no research that provides an understanding of parents' health knowledge and their access to health information concerning seasonal @entity683 , nor their capacity to effectively manage @entity683 episodes in household. Such knowledge provides valuable insight into enhancing parents' health literacy to effectively communicate health messages to their @entity1 and support healthy behaviour development through role modelling. METHODS: A multiple case study was employed to gain a multifaceted understanding of parents' health literacy regarding seasonal @entity683 prevention. Purposive intensity sampling was adopted to recruit twenty Hong Kong Chinese parents with a healthy three-to-five year old preschool @entity1 from three kindergartens. A content analysis was employed to categorize, tabulate and combine data to address the propositions of the study. Comprehensive comparisons were made across cases to reveal the commonalities and differences. RESULTS: Four major themes were identified: inadequate parents' knowledge and reported skills and practices related to seasonal @entity683 prevention; parental knowledge seeking and exchange practices through social connection; parents' approaches to health information and limited enabling environments including shortage of health resources and uneven resource allocation for health promotion. CONCLUSIONS: The findings recommend that community health professionals can play a critical role in increasing parents' functional, interactive and critical health literacy; important elements when planning and implementing seasonal @entity683 health promotion.

title: The Health Literacy of Hong Kong Chinese Parents with Preschool XXXX in Seasonal Influenza Prevention: A Multiple Case Study at Household Level.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'people']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['influenza infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: @entity5689 belongs to a family of scaffolding proteins, and the @entity22156 point mutation of this gene has been found in up to 16% of all examined @entity0 . Subsequent studies have revealed that the @entity22156 mutation exerts a dominant negative effect through misfolding during @entity5689 oligomerization. However, this mutation has not been validated in other series of @entity0 samples. Contradictory to the suggested @entity5 suppressor function, overexpression of @entity5689 is common in various @entity5 types. To clarify these inconsistent results, we examined the @entity5689 mutation in a large series of @entity0 specimens. We first used a standard direct sequencing method and found that none of the 99 @entity0 tested had this mutation. Then we developed a sensitive method for a paraffin section that could detect the mutant allele at a rate of as little as 0.1% among wild-type allele copies. Even when using this sensitive method, none of the 80 @entity172 receptor-positive @entity0 had the @entity22156 mutation. Furthermore, 270 @entity5 in various organs were examined, and no @entity5689 mutations were detected. These results raise doubt about the presence of the @entity5689 @entity22156 mutation in @entity0 and other @entity5 types, and thus further studies are warranted.

title: Absence of the XXXX @entity22156 mutation in @entity5 of the breast and other organs.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity5689 :: (857,Gene) :: ['caveolin-1']


abstract: Microencapsulation of recombinant "universal" cells with immunoprotective membranes is an alternate approach to somatic gene therapy. Therapeutic gene products secreted by these cells can be delivered to different @entity1 without immunosuppression or genetic modification of the host's cells. The encapsulation of different @entity1 cell types (epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and myoblasts) is compared among three alginate-based microcapsules: (1) @entity460 -linked alginate microcapsules with a solubilized core and a @entity5731 -alginate-laminated surface; (2) @entity9666 -linked alginate beads with a gelled core; and (3) a hybrid formulation of @entity9666 -linked alginate beads with a @entity5731 -alginate-laminated surface. The mechanical stability of the different microcapsule types, as measured with a cone-and-plate shearing apparatus, was superior in the two @entity9666 -linked alginate beads. All cell types maintained high viability (65-90%) in culture after encapsulation. The recombinant gene products secreted by these cells ( @entity1 growth hormone MW = 22,000, @entity1 factor IX MW = 57,000, and @entity19 beta-glucuronidase MW = 300,000) were able to traverse the three microcapsule types at similar rates. Cell numbers within the microcapsules increased twofold to > 20-fold over 4 weeks, depending on the cell type. Epithelial and myoblast cell numbers were not affected by microcapsule formulation; however, fibroblasts proliferated the most in the @entity460 -linked alginate spheres. These results show that for culturing fibroblasts in a mechanically stable environment the classical @entity460 -linked microcapsules are adequate. However, where mechanical stability is a more critical requirement, the solid @entity9666 -linked gelled beads are more appropriate choices.

title: Encapsulation of various recombinant XXXX cell types in different alginate microcapsules.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5731 :: ('CHEBI:61490', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-L-lysine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']