abstract: Lymphoid cell populations (spleen, lymph node, peripheral blood, thymus, and bone marrow) from LHC inbred hamsters were studied in order to characterize further the immune response of this species. The direct PFC response to several thymic-dependent or thymic-independent antigens was evaluated. A specific direct PFC response occurred 4 days after immunization with SRBC, DNP-BSA, DNP-lys-Ficoll, TNP- @entity558 , TNP-BA, and SSS-III. Attempts to induce a polyclonal antibody response with @entity558 , TNP- @entity558 , SSS-III, and DNP-lys-Ficoll were unsuccessful. A weak polyclonal response was induced with TNP-BA. Spleen cells and PBL responded strongly in vitro to the T-cell mitogens Con A and @entity8990 , but gave weak and inconsistent responses to the B-cell mitogens @entity558 and PI-PC. LHC hamster lymphoid cell populations bore sIg and receptors for C3 (EAC rosettes) in approximately the same ratio as various @entity19 species. However, the profile of the number of cells bearing low-to-intermediate densities of sIg differed significantly from those of @entity19 species when analysed with the @entity10062 . There was a sharp reduction in the number of cells with low-to-intermediate densities of sIg. These data suggest that B cells in this strain and species lack the ability to translate signals which lead to polyclonal antibody synthesis or lack the appropriate populations of B cells that have membrane receptors for mitogens which are thought to induce such activity in @entity19 systems and provide evidence for separate signals that induce thymus-independent and mitogenic responses. The importance of this model for studying mechanisms involved in B-cell activation is discussed.

title: In vitro and in vivo response of lymphoid cells from LHC hamsters to XXXX thymus-independent and thymus-dependent antigens.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: To clarify the influence of cardiac function of myocardial histologic lesions on the prognosis of @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ), most recent echocardiographic findings of 30 deceased @entity1 were reviewed. In 12 @entity1 , histological sections from the left ventricular transverse plane made at necropsy were examined. According to the main causes of @entity204 , @entity1 were categorized into four groups as @entity944 (17 cases), @entity712 (four cases), @entity204 (four cases), and @entity204 (five cases). 1. Clinically, @entity955 and @entity712 (NYHA III, IV) were frequently observed in @entity712 and embolic groups. 2. Echocardiographically, left ventricular wall thickness did not differ among the four groups, but percent fractional shortening was significantly smaller in @entity712 group than in non-cardiac group, and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVDd) and left atrial dimension were significantly greater in @entity712 group than in non-cardiac group. The normalized rapid filling rate was less in @entity712 , @entity944 and non-cardiac groups in that order. 3. Histopathologically, the mean @entity5562 ( @entity5562 ) and percent area of disarray (%D) did not differ among the four groups, but % area of @entity82 ( @entity82 ) greater than 2 mm2 was larger in @entity712 , @entity944 and non-cardiac groups in that order, especially in @entity712 group. 4. Comparison of echocardiographic and histopathological findings: Though @entity5562 and %D did not correlate with any echocardiographic indices, % @entity82 correlated significantly with LVDd (r = 0.83, p less than 0.005), and correlated inversely with the normalized rapid filling rate (r = -0.80, p less than 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Prognosis of @entity1121 : echocardiographic and postmortem histopathologic study of 30 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure death', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['MF', 'massive fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['embolic, sudden death', 'sudden death']

entities_list: @entity5562 :: ('MESH:D015875', 'Disease') :: ['myocyte diameter', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['non-cardiac death', 'embolic death', 'death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Between 1983 and 1994, 115 @entity1 and @entity1 underwent repair of a complete @entity473 with the two-patch technique and routine mitral valve "cleft" closure. METHODS: A retrospective review of these 115 @entity1 was performed. Age at the time of repair ranged from 1 month to 108 months (mean age, 14.2 +/- 16.5 months; median age, 8 months). Preoperative cardiac catheterization in 113 @entity1 revealed a mean pulmonary to systemic flow ratio of 3.37 +/- 1.8, a mean pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 71.1 +/- 15.7 mm Hg, and a mean pulmonary vascular resistance of 4.9 +/- 3.3 units. Associated anomalies included @entity1467 (99 @entity1 ), @entity2461 (47), and @entity1498 (4). Rastelli classification was A (76 @entity1 ), B (10), C (24), and unknown (5). Twenty-four @entity1 had intraoperative epicardial or transesophageal echocardiography. RESULTS: Although there was a trend toward increasing mean preoperative pulmonary vascular resistance with age from 2.1 +/- 0.9 units (0 to 3 months) to 4.0 +/- 2.6 units (4 to 6 months) to 5.7 +/- 3.0 units (7 to 12 months), the mean pulmonary vascular resistance of each age group was not significantly different from that of the main group. The operative survival rate was 94% (seven early deaths) and the overall survival rate, 91% (three late deaths). Intraoperative echocardiography altered the surgical therapy for 1 @entity1 . No @entity1 has required reoperation for a residual @entity1757 . Four @entity1 (3.5%) had @entity616 requiring permanent pacemakers. Eight @entity1 (7%) required reoperation for @entity339 ; 6 of whom had successful repair of a residual cleft. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with complete @entity473 , repair using the two-patch technique with routine mitral valve cleft closure at 4 to 6 months of age results in a low operative mortality, a low incidence of permanent @entity616 , and a low reoperation rate for @entity339 .

title: Repair of complete XXXX : results with the two-patch technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity473 :: ('MESH:C563240', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular canal defect']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation of the aorta']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity473 :: (MESH:C563240,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular canal defects']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is a common @entity5 worldwide with limited effective therapeutic options available or appropriate for cirrhotic @entity1 . METHODS: Chemoembolization, using sequential intra-arterial @entity632 /ethiodized oil and gelatin sponge particle/ @entity1068 embolization, was used to treat @entity1 with unresectable @entity157 localized to the liver. Fifty-two @entity1 were treated in this manner from 1988 to 1992. The objective response was determined by sequential computed tomography (CT) scans. RESULTS: Of the 47 @entity1 evaluable for response, 20 (43%) achieved a partial response, and 12 (26%) achieved a minor response. Sixteen @entity1 underwent repeated chemoembolization for locally recurrent disease as many as three times after the initial procedure. All 52 @entity1 were evaluable for survival and @entity137 , with a median follow-up of 14 months. Twelve-month survival was 60%, and median survival was 16 months. This compares favorably with values reported in the literature of approximately 20% and 6-14 weeks, respectively. There was a 17% 30-day mortality, with a slightly higher risk for @entity1 with @entity6315 . Other @entity137 generally were mild and transient, including fever, @entity158 , @entity75 , and malaise. CONCLUSIONS: Chemoembolization may enhance survival for @entity1 with unresectable, localized @entity157 . It appears to be an effective alternative to standard treatment, even in cirrhotic @entity1 .

title: Treatment of @entity157 using XXXX /ethiodized oil/gelatin powder chemoembolization.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6315 :: ('MESH:C563407', 'Disease') :: ['portal vein obstruction']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: A high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) method for simultaneous screening and quantification of 28 drugs was developed and validated for 2.5 mg hair samples. Target drugs and their metabolites included @entity889 , @entity2072 , opioids, @entity1245 , antidepressants, and hallucinogens. After decontamination, hair samples were extracted with 200  L of a mixture of water: @entity1626 :1 M @entity6146 (80:10:10, v/v) using a 5 min simultaneous pulverization/extraction step. The extracts were analysed by HPLC-HRMS in an Orbitrap at a nominal resolution of 60,000, with concomitant in source collisional experiments (in source CID). Gradient elution on an Atlantis T3 column resolved 28 target compounds and 5 internal standards. Total chromatographic run time was 26 min. Calibration was achieved by linear regression analysis utilizing six calibration points; R2 ranged from 0.9964 to 0.9999, the limits of quantification were 0.1 ng/mg for 8 compounds, 0.2 ng/mg for 16 compounds and 0.5 ng/mg for 4 compounds; mean relative errors from -21% to +23% were obtained; relative standard deviation, used to estimate repeatability and intermediate reproducibility at three concentrations, was always less than 20%. Process efficiency and recoveries for all analytes were better than 65 and 73%, respectively, at any concentration. The method was applied to hair samples from forensic investigations that contained a broad assortment of drugs of abuse and pharmaceuticals. The use of concomitant HRMS full scan and CID afforded the possibility of retrospective analysis for discovering untargeted drugs.

title: High performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry and micropulverized extraction for the quantification of XXXX , @entity2072 , opioids, @entity1245 , antidepressants and hallucinogens in 2.5 mg hair samples.

entities_list: @entity6146 :: ('MESH:D014269', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoroacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity889 :: ('MESH:D000662', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamines']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

answer: @entity889 :: (MESH:D000662,Chemical) :: ['amphetamines']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Investigation of hydration, chemical, physical properties and porosity of experimental @entity4799 -based sealers. METHODS: Experimental @entity4799 -based sealers with @entity10677 and @entity10678 radio-opacifiers were prepared by mixing 1g of powder to 0.3mL of 80% distilled water and 20% @entity2771 . @entity8642 and @entity8642 Fillapex were used as controls. The raw materials and set sealers were characterized using a combination of scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Physical properties were analyzed according to ANSI/ADA. The pH and @entity460 ion release were assessed after 3, 24, 72 and 168h. The porosity was assessed using @entity349 intrusion porosimetry. RESULTS: The analysis of hydration of prototype sealers revealed @entity6086 as a by-product resulting in alkaline pH and detection of @entity460 ion release, with high values in initial periods. The radiopacity was similar to @entity8642 for the sealers containing high amounts of radio-opacifiers (p>0.05). Flowability was higher and film thickness was lower for resinous @entity8642 Fillapex sealer (p<0.05). The test sealers showed water sorption and porosity similar to @entity8642 (p>0.05). SIGNIFICANCE: The prototype sealers presented adequate hydration, elevated pH and @entity460 ion release. Regarding physical properties, elevated proportions of radio-opacifiers were necessary to accomplish adequate radiopacity, enhance flowability and reduce film thickness. All the tested sealers presented water sorption and porosity similar to @entity8642 .

title: XXXX -based sealers: Assessment of physicochemical properties, porosity and hydration.

entities_list: @entity10677 :: ('MESH:C018858', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium tungstate']

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity6086 :: ('MESH:D002126', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity10678 :: ('MESH:C028541', 'Chemical') :: ['zirconium oxide']

entities_list: @entity4799 :: ('MESH:C031293', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium silicate']

answer: @entity4799 :: (MESH:C031293,Chemical) :: ['Calcium silicate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evaluation of @entity1643 guidelines using Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE) criteria has shown weaknesses, particularly in stakeholder involvement and applicability of recommendations. The objectives of this project were to: 1) develop a primary care interdisciplinary clinical practice guideline aimed at preventing prolonged disability from @entity1643 , using a community of practice approach, and 2) assess the @entity1 ' impressions with the process, and evaluate the relationship between @entity1 characteristics and their participation. METHODS: Ten stakeholder representatives recruited 136 clinicians to participate in this community of practice. Clinicians were drawn from the following professions: physiotherapists (46%), occupational therapists (37%), and family physicians (17%). Using previously published guidelines, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, a first draft of the guidelines was presented to the community of practice. Four communication tools were provided for discussion and exchanges with experts: a web-based discussion forum, an anonymous comment form, meetings, and a symposium. @entity1 were prompted for comments on interpretation, clarity, and applicability of the recommendations. Clinical management recommendations were revised following these exchanges. At the end of the project, a questionnaire was sent to the @entity1 to assess satisfaction towards the guidelines and the development process. RESULTS: Twelve clinical management recommendations on management of @entity1643 and persistent disability were initially developed. These were discussed through 188 comments posted on the discussion forum and 103 commentary forms submitted. All recommendations were modified following input of the @entity1 . A clinical algorithm summarizing the guidelines was also developed. A response rate of 75% was obtained for the satisfaction questionnaire. The majority of respondents appreciated the development process and agreed with the guideline content. Most @entity1 thought recommendations improved between versions, and that @entity1 comments contributed to this improvement. All stakeholders officially endorsed the guidelines. CONCLUSION: The community of practice approach was a successful method to develop guidelines on @entity1643 , with @entity1 providing information to improve guideline recommendations. The information technology infrastructure that was developed remains for continuous interdisciplinary exchanges and updating of the guidelines.

title: An interdisciplinary guideline development process: the Clinic on @entity1643 in XXXX guidelines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low-back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['Interdisciplinary Practice (CLIP) low-back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to estimate antitumor activity and @entity137 of weekly @entity1205 and @entity136 as second-line chemotherapy for @entity1 with recurrent @entity6962 . METHODS: @entity1 with recurrent @entity6962 who had failed one regimen of chemotherapy, had a Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) performance status of 0-2 and had measurable disease were included. Treatment consisted of @entity136 600 mg/m(2) and @entity1205 35 mg/m(2) intravenously on days 1, 8 and 15 of a 28-day cycle until disease progression or intolerable adverse effects. This study employed an optimal but flexible two-stage design with an early stopping rule. If more than 3 out of 22-24 or more than 4 out of 25-29 @entity1 responded, accrual to the second stage was to be initiated. RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity1 were enlisted. Three @entity1 were not eligible after pathology review. One @entity1 was never treated. Twenty-four @entity1 were evaluable. Nine @entity1 had previous radiation therapy. There were no complete responses. Partial responses were seen in two @entity1 (8.3%), stable disease in eight (33.3%) and progressive disease in 12 @entity1 (50%). Two @entity1 were not evaluable (8.3%). The median progression-free survival was 1.8 months. The median survival was 4.9 months. The treatment caused myelosuppression, mainly @entity1398 , but also @entity882 and @entity417 . Dose modifications became necessary in the majority of @entity1 . In five @entity1 , treatment was discontinued due to @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: This regimen of @entity1205 and @entity136 is not active in @entity1 with recurrent @entity6962 as second-line chemotherapy.

title: A phase II evaluation of weekly @entity136 and XXXX for second-line treatment of recurrent @entity6962 : a gynecologic oncology group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcoma of the uterus', 'uterine carcinosarcoma']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: In @entity28 , gut microbiota @entity558 may translocate into the blood stream and then contribute to adipose tissue @entity32 and oxidative stress, leading to insulin resistance. A causal link between periodontal @entity281 , @entity28 and @entity164 2 @entity6 has also been suggested. We evaluated the ability of @entity6398 from A. borbonica medicinal plant to improve the inflammatory and redox status of 3T3-L1 adipocytes exposed to @entity558 of @entity2523 periodontopathogen or @entity526 enterobacteria. Our results show that @entity558 enhanced the production of Toll-like receptor-dependent MyD88 and NFkB signaling factors as well as IL-6, MCP-1, PAI-1 and resistin. Plant @entity6398 reduced @entity558 pro-inflammatory action. Concomitantly, @entity6398 increased the production of adiponectin and PPARy, known as key anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing mediators. Moreover, both @entity558 increased intracellular ROS levels and the expression of genes encoding ROS-producing enzymes including NOX2, NOX4 and iNOS. Plant @entity6398 reversed these effects and up-regulated MnSOD and catalase antioxidant enzyme gene expression. Noticeably, preconditioning of cells with @entity14627 , @entity13259 or @entity15605 identified among A. borbonica major @entity6398 , led to similar protective properties. Altogether, these findings demonstrate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of A. borbonica @entity6398 on adipocytes, in response to @entity2523 or @entity526 @entity558 . It will be of major interest to assess A. borbonica @entity3978 benefits against @entity28 -related @entity209 such as insulin resistance in vivo.

title: Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of XXXX extracted from Antirhea borbonica medicinal plant on adipocytes exposed to @entity2523 and @entity526 lipopolysaccharides.

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity15605 :: ('MESH:C006552', 'Chemical') :: ['kaempferol']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity14627 :: ('MESH:C040048', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeic acid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

entities_list: @entity13259 :: ('MESH:D002726', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorogenic acid']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity6398 :: (MESH:D059808,Chemical) :: ['polyphenols']


abstract: Radiosensitivity of late recurrent @entity5 which emerged after radiotherapy was investigated. @entity5 observed were @entity1492 . Recurrences emerged in the irradiated area approximately 200 days after a 50% @entity5 control dose of radiation of 60Co gamma rays or mixed irradiation with fast neutrons and gamma rays. The recurrent and radiation-induced @entity5 were differentiated by karyotype analysis. Once transplanted into fresh @entity19 , the recurrent @entity5 grew more slowly than the @entity5 . Tumorigenicity of the late recurrences was lower than that of the @entity5 . Radiosensitivity of the late recurrences, which was examined using methods to assess control, @entity5 growth delay, and colony forming assays, was significantly higher than that of the @entity5 . D0 values of @entity5 cells were significantly smaller in two of the three recurrences compared to the @entity5 . Oxic cells, when irradiated in vitro, also showed smaller D0 values for the recurrent @entity5 than the @entity5 . @entity519 cell fractions were between 0 and 14% in the late recurrences and 10% in the @entity5 . These results are consistent with the hypothesis that radiotherapy causes mutation of @entity5 cells which results in increased radiosensitivity of surviving @entity5 cells.

title: Radiosensitivity of late recurrences following radiotherapy of XXXX @entity1492 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'original tumor', 'hypoxic tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcomas']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: This study was conducted to investigate survival and prognostic factors for @entity201 ( @entity201 ) following surgical resection and evaluate the effects of postoperative @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ) on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). We retrospectively collected clinical and pathological data between March, 2008 and December, 2013. The Kaplan-Meier method and the COX regression model were used to evaluate the @entity1349 and prognostic factors of 105 postoperative @entity201 @entity1 , of whom 32 had received @entity1753 . The @entity1 were stratified into seven risk subgroups and the survival rates were compared within each subgroup between @entity1 who received @entity1753 and those who did not. The results demonstrated a median @entity1349 of 17.6 months, with 1- and 3-year survival rates of 67.9 and 19.5%, respectively, for the entire cohort. On univariate analysis, preoperative @entity255 , non-R0 surgical margins, poor differentiation grade, stage 3/4 and lymphatic @entity3 were identified as adverse prognostic factors. @entity1753 was not significantly associated with improved @entity1349 . However, the subgroup analysis revealed that the effect of @entity1753 was significant only in the lymphatic @entity3 group (median @entity1349 , 21.6 vs. 10.4 months; and 3-year @entity1349 , 16.6 vs. 0%, respectively; P=0.02). The survival curves of the @entity1753 and non- @entity1753 groups were significantly different only for node-positive @entity1 . The COX regression model identified lymphatic @entity3 , surgical margins and @entity1753 as independent prognostic factors for @entity201 . A negative resection margin may reduce the mortality rate following surgery by 47%. By contrast, lymph node @entity3 was associated with a 2.18-fold higher mortality rate for @entity201 @entity1 . @entity86 contributed to a 0.45-fold mortality rate compared to non- @entity1753 @entity201 @entity1 . Therefore, we concluded that @entity1753 is a favorable prognostic factor for @entity201 @entity1 and it may prolong the survival of @entity1 with lymphatic @entity3 . Our data suggest that postoperative @entity1753 should be recommended for node-positive @entity201 @entity1 .

title: Survival outcomes and progonostic factors of XXXX @entity1 following surgical resection: Adjuvant therapy is a favorable prognostic factor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['adjuvant therapy', 'AT']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma', 'ECC']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative AT']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: Emerging evidence from both basic and clinical research demonstrates an important role for endocannabinoid (ECB) signaling in the processing of emotionally salient information, learning, and memory. Cannabinoid transmission within neural circuits involved in emotional processing has been shown to modulate the acquisition, recall, and extinction of emotionally salient memories and importantly, can strongly modulate the emotional salience of incoming sensory information. Two neural regions in particular, the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA), play important roles in emotional regulation and contain high levels of cannabinoid receptors. Furthermore, both regions show profound abnormalities in @entity146 such as addiction and @entity161 . Considerable evidence has demonstrated that cannabinoid transmission functionally interacts with @entity935 (DA), a neurotransmitter system that is of exceptional importance for both @entity146 and the @entity74 like @entity161 . Research in our laboratory has focused on how cannabinoid transmission both within and extrinsic to the mesolimbic DA system, including the BLA    >    mPFC circuitry, can modulate both rewarding and aversive emotional information. In this review, we will summarize clinical and basic neuroscience research demonstrating the importance of cannabinoid signaling within this neural circuitry. In particular, evidence will be reviewed emphasizing the importance of cannabinoid signaling within the BLA    >    mPFC circuitry in the context of emotional salience processing, memory formation and memory-related plasticity. We propose that aberrant states of hyper or hypoactive ECB signaling within the amygdala-prefrontal cortical circuit may lead to dysregulation of mesocorticolimbic DA transmission controlling the processing of emotionally salient information. These disturbances may in turn lead to emotional processing, learning, and @entity2414 related to various @entity146 , including addiction and @entity161 -related @entity914 .

title: The role of cannabinoid transmission in emotional memory formation: implications for addiction and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders', 'addictive behaviors']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychoses']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychopathology of disorders']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory abnormalities']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity21204 is a rare @entity21204 caused by the anaerobe Fusobacterium necrophorum. It is associated with a @entity7551 that progresses quickly to @entity2268 of the internal jugular vein and metastatic abscesses to pulmonary, soft tissue, articular, and organ systems. It is rarely associated with spinal epidural abscesses. Because of the increasing antibiotic resistance, its incidence is on the rise. METHODS: A single- @entity1 case report of an adolescent male who initially presented to our institution for @entity2259 and febrile episodes. Over a 1-week course, he developed @entity615 and progressive @entity425 . Advanced imaging revealed an @entity7181 spanning T2-L3 level with extension into the psoas and the paraspinal musculature. Acute management consisted of broad-spectrum intravenous (IV) antibiotics and hemilaminectomy decompression from T2 to L3. The @entity1 completed a 6-week course of IV antibiotics and was followed for a 1-year time period with close clinical follow-up. RESULTS: Blood cultures identified the infecting organism as F. necrophorum. The combination of IV antibiotics and acute hemilaminectomy decompression resulted in successful clearance of the infecting organism with normalization of inflammatory markers and cultures. The @entity1 noted immediate and sustained neurological improvement, with return of full motor and sensory function. At the 1-year timepoint, the @entity1 was able to return to sports and no sagittal/coronal imbalance was noted on radiographs. CONCLUSIONS: An aggressive case of @entity21204 with extensive @entity7181 formation and @entity16 was successfully managed with the combination of IV antibiotics and extensive hemilaminectomies for decompression. The @entity1 exhibited no long-term sequela as a result of either the @entity7181 or of its treatment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V.

title: XXXX : A Case With Multilevel Epidural Abscess and @entity16 : Case Report and Literature Review.

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological weakness']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['lower extremity weakness']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['severe back pain']

entities_list: @entity21204 :: ('MESH:D057831', 'Disease') :: ['postanginal sepsis', 'Lemierre disease']

entities_list: @entity7181 :: ('MESH:D020802', 'Disease') :: ['epidural abscess']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity21204 :: (MESH:D057831,Disease) :: ['Lemierre Disease']


abstract: The @entity526 @entity17503 helicase catalyzes the unwinding of duplex DNA in a reaction that is coupled to @entity855 binding and hydrolysis. The @entity17503 protein is a stable monomer in the absence of DNA but dimerizes upon binding either single-stranded or duplex DNA, and the dimer appears to be the functionally active form of the @entity17503 helicase. As a first step toward understanding how @entity855 binding and hydrolysis are coupled energetically to DNA unwinding, we have investigated the kinetic mechanism of @entity377 binding to the @entity17503 monomer (P) using stopped-flow techniques and the fluorescent @entity855 analogue, 2'(3')-O-(N-methylanthraniloyl-ATP (mant @entity855 ). The fluorescence of mant @entity855 is enhanced upon @entity17503 binding due to energy transfer from @entity2340 . The results are consistent with the following two-step mechanism, in which the bimolecular association step is followed by a conformational change in the P-mant @entity855 complex: P + mant @entity855 [formula: see text] P-mant @entity855 [formula: see text] (P-mant @entity855 ). The following rate and equilibrium constants were determined at 4 degrees C in 20 mM Tris.HCl (pH 7.5), 6 mM @entity1219 , 5 mM @entity8723 , and 10% (v/v) @entity653 : k+1 = (1.1 +/- 0.2) x 10(7) M-1 s-1; k-1 = 3.2 (+/- 0.5) s-1; k+2 = 2.9 (+/- 0.5) s-1; k-2 = 0.04 (+/- 0.005) s-1; K1 = k+1/k-1 = (3.4 +/- 0.8) x 10(6) M-1; K2 = k+2/k-2 = 73 (+/- 10); Koverall = K1K2 = (2.30 +/- 0.6) x 10(8) M-1. Similar rate and equilibrium constants are obtained with mantATP gamma S, whereas the apparent rate constant for mantAMPPNP binding is 15-fold lower than for @entity19798 and equilibrium binding is weaker (Koverall approximately 10(6) M-1). @entity17503 monomer does bind mant @entity855 in the absence of @entity1025 (Koverall approximately 5 x 10(5) M-1), although the four rate constants in the above reaction increase by at least 8-fold (k-1 and k-2 increase by approximately 100- and approximately 1000-fold, respectively). The affinities of @entity1025 for P-mant @entity855 and (P-mant @entity855 )* are 10- and 1000-fold higher than those for @entity377 -free @entity17503 monomer, indicating that the second step in the reaction is associated with a marked increase in @entity1025 affinity. The bound @entity1025 in a (P-mant @entity855 )*- @entity1025 complex dissociates at a rate that is comparable to the rate of mant @entity855 release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Kinetic mechanism of adenine nucleotide binding to and hydrolysis by the @entity526 @entity17503 monomer. 1. Use of fluorescent XXXX analogues.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3652 abuse may cause variable lower urinary tract symptoms and severe @entity2335 . In this study, we evaluated the relevance of urodynamic parameters according to the dose and duration of @entity3652 use and investigate the value of urodynamic studies in determining the severity of @entity3652 -associated @entity2335 (KC). METHODS: The urodynamic study results of 30 @entity1 with KC between January 2009 and December 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. All @entity1 had been diagnosed based on their history and clinical features before urodynamic investigations. Cystoscopy was performed to confirm the diagnosis and measure the @entity1494 ( @entity1494 ) (under spinal anesthesia). RESULTS: The mean (   standard deviation) age of @entity1 with KC was 22.0        3.3   years. The mean duration of @entity3652 abuse was 39.0        20.8   months. Maximum cystometric capacity was 115        66.6   mL. Seventy-five percent of @entity1 had a high maximal urethral closure pressure (MUCP) (>   90   @entity10020 O). There was no significant difference of urodynamic parameters between the high-dose (>=    5   gm/day) and low-dose groups (<   5   gm/day) or the long-duration (>=    3   years) and short-duration (<   3   years) groups. However, the @entity1494 was significantly lower in high-dose and long-duration groups compared to the low-dose and short-duration groups (191.3        68.5 vs. 299.0        99   mL; P   =   0.01; 219.0        59.7 vs. 325.5        104.5   mL; P   =   0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The urodynamic test results help diagnose KC, but may not be useful in determining the severity of the disease. The @entity1494 measured under anesthesia may be a better predictor of the disease progression in KC.

title: Is Urodynamic Study a Good Witness to the Progression of XXXX -Associated @entity2335 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['maximum anesthetic bladder bladder capacity', 'MBC']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine']

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['Ketamine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Older adults receiving cytotoxic agents may be more susceptible to hematologic @entity137 because of progressive reduction in organ functions and multiple co-morbidities. Because older adults are under-represented in clinical trials, this retrospective study aims to evaluate @entity1503 of @entity136 -based regimens in older @entity1 compared with their younger counterparts in clinical practice. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 494 @entity1 routinely treated with @entity136 , either alone or in combination with @entity902 -based drugs, in the Slotervaart Hospital or The Netherlands Cancer Institute between January 2003 and January 2013 were enrolled. @entity1 characteristics, underlying @entity5 , treatment regimen, administered doses of @entity136 , and laboratory values were retrospectively collected from electronic @entity1 records. The relative dose intensity achieved in older @entity1 and their younger counterparts was evaluated using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Incidence of @entity1503 in older adults (age >= 70 years) and their younger counterparts (age <70 years) was compared using the Fisher's exact test. Predictors of experiencing Grade 3 or 4 @entity1503 were evaluated using logistic regression. RESULTS: @entity1 characteristics and baseline laboratory values were equally distributed among the two age groups, except for the estimated glomerular filtration rate being significantly lower in the older @entity1 . Reduction of the first administered dose of @entity136 was significantly more frequently applied in the older @entity1 (p = 0.03). However, no significant difference in the @entity136 relative dose intensity over the median number of four treatment cycles was observed (65 % in the older @entity1 group vs. 67 % in the younger control group). Incidence of severe @entity1503 (Grade >= 3) was not significantly higher in the older @entity1 . A subset analysis of nadir blood counts showed a trend towards an increased incidence of Grade >= 3 @entity1503 for the older @entity1 in the @entity136 - @entity900 treatment group. Moreover, the relative risk for developing Grade 3 or 4 @entity1431 in the older @entity1 was increased fivefold (p = 0.007) for combination therapy with @entity136 and @entity900 . Blood transfusions were administered nearly twofold more frequently in the older @entity1 , but this difference did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Treatment with @entity136 or a @entity136 -containing regimen appeared to be feasible and well tolerated in the older @entity1 who were selected to receive chemotherapy. Overall, @entity1 >= 70 years of age did not incur a higher incidence of severe or life-threatening @entity1503 nor did they undergo more frequent or larger dose adjustments. These data support additional treatment-specific prospective studies and clinical trials in older @entity5 @entity1 to optimize treatment benefit and risk in this heterogeneous older @entity1 population.

title: Incidence of @entity1503 in older adults treated with @entity136 or a XXXX -containing regimen in routine clinical practice: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Development of the @entity957 is taking place on the base of well-documented @entity1613 . In histological examination @entity1613 show @entity1141 which may be reversible. The quick and proper diagnosis allows for applying the adequate and successful treatment. AIM: Aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of @entity1613 of the larynx, their potential to evolve in relation to grade of @entity1141 and discuss the pathologic findings. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective analysis of histopathological documentation and ambulatory cards gathered in ENT Department between 1994-2003 was performed. The 173 @entity1 with @entity1141 and @entity2735 were analyzed. RESULTS: The 2719 directoscopies were performed in 10 year period. Two out of 117 @entity1 with moderate and 5 out of 27 with severe @entity1141 were treated for @entity5 during the follow up period. Out of these 117 @entity1 the group of 46 @entity1 was chosen, in whom more then 2 microlaryngoscopies were performed (more then 3 in 71,7%) with mean follow up period 4,2 years (from 4 month to 10 years). This group of 45 males and 1 female with @entity1141 was carefully analyzed. The mean age was 59,6. Hoarseness from 2 weeks to 20 years (mean 17,5 month) was observed, but most often the @entity1 were seen by the doctor in 2 month duration of complaints. The time between first presentation in Outpatient Department and direct laryngoscopy was from 1 day to 1,5 year, but as routine 2 week period was established. In 10 cases the up-grading of @entity1141 was observed. The pathologic findigs were presented. CONCLUSIONS: Quick, adequate (sensitive, specific) diagnostics of premalignancy in the glottis allows for effective and not humiliating treatment (phonosurgery, laser, partial laryngectomy). The rigid schedule of precancerous @entity1 's treatment and follow-up should be drowning. The further diagnostic directions should attempt to find more sensitive methods than the routine histological examination for the assessment of the @entity75 , allowing better evaluation of the risk for @entity5 development.

title: [The problems and question marks in XXXX of the larynx].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ of vocal cord']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1613 :: (MESH:D011230,Disease) :: ['precancerous lesions']


abstract: Protein kinase C (PKC) modulates growth, differentiation and apoptosis in a cell-specific fashion. Overexpression of @entity10185 in MCF-7 @entity0 cells (MCF-7- @entity10185 cell) leads to expression of a more transformed phenotype. The response of MCF-7 and MCF-7- @entity10185 cells to @entity4996 ( @entity865 ) was examined. @entity865 -treated MCF-7 cells demonstrated a modest cytostatic response associated with a G1 arrest that was accompanied by @entity994 expression and @entity995 . While @entity876 was detected in MCF-7 cells, evidence for @entity865 -induced stimulation of @entity876 transcriptional activity was not evident. In contrast, @entity865 treatment induced @entity204 of MCF-7- @entity10185 cells. @entity10186 , another PKC activator, exerted modest cytostatic effects on MCF-7 cells while producing a cytotoxic response at low doses in MCF-7- @entity10185 cells that waned at higher concentrations. @entity865 -treated MCF-7- @entity10185 cells accumulated in G2/M, did not express @entity876 , displayed decreased @entity994 expression, and demonstrated a reduction in @entity995 . @entity865 -treated MCF-7- @entity10185 cells expressed @entity10187 which occurred before the onset of apoptosis. Thus, alterations in the PKC pathway can modulate the decision of a @entity0 cell to undergo @entity204 or differentiation. In addition, these data show that PKC activation can induce expression of @entity10187 in a @entity876 -independent fashion.

title: @entity4996 induce XXXX cells with altered expression of protein kinase C isoforms. Role for @entity876 -independent induction of @entity10187 in initiating @entity204 .

entities_list: @entity10186 :: ('MESH:C046785', 'Chemical') :: ['Bryostatin 1']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma hypophosphorylation']

entities_list: @entity4996 :: ('MESH:D010703', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol esters']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['death in MCF-7 breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of hospital complications among survivors of inpatient treatment for @entity712 ( @entity712 ), @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), or @entity6 ( @entity6 ). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Nine Veterans Affairs hospitals in the southern United States. @entity1 : 1,837 @entity1 veterans discharged alive following hospitalization for @entity712 , @entity1030 , or @entity6 between January 1987 and December 1989. This @entity1 population represents a subset of cases gathered to study the process of care in the hospital and subsequent early readmission; thus, veterans who died in the hospital were not included. MEASUREMENTS: Medical record review to record the occurrence of any of 30 in-hospital complications such as @entity1167 , @entity580 , or @entity933 (overall agreement between two reviewers = 84%, kappa = 0.37). RESULTS: Complications occurred in 15.7% of the @entity712 cases, 13.1% of the @entity1030 cases, and 14.8% of the @entity6 cases. Hypoglycemic reactions were the most frequent individual adverse events in the @entity712 and @entity6 cases (3.6% and 11.4% of the cases, respectively), and @entity2544 @entity137 was most frequent among the @entity1030 cases (4.9%). @entity1 age, the presence of comorbid diseases, and the Acute Physiology Score (APS) of APACHE II were associated with complication occurrence. For each disease, the @entity1 who had a complication had significantly longer mean hospital stays than did the @entity1 who did not have complications (14.6 to 14.9 days vs 7.2 to 8.2 days, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Complications are frequent among @entity1 discharged alive with @entity712 , @entity1030 , or @entity6 . The @entity1 who experienced complications were more ill on admission and had longer hospital stays.

title: In-hospital complications among survivors of admission for XXXX , @entity1030 , or @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the computed tomography (CT) findings of @entity788 of 9 cases, with emphasis to diagnostic challenges. METHODS: Between March 2006 and April 2008, 9 @entity1 with @entity788 that were diagnosed by CT were reviewed in the present study. Clinical data and CT features of these 9 cases were retrospectively analysed. The @entity1 population included 5 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 , aged 42-81 years (mean age, 65.8 years). The @entity1 were followed up for at least 2 years with control CTs. RESULTS: In all 9 cases, a well-bordered nodular fat density lesion was incidentally detected in the pancreas. Four of the lesions had a lobulated contour, and 2 of them had septations. Two of the @entity362 were located in the head, 3 in the neck, 3 in the corpus, and 1 in the tail. The CT densitometric values were between -90 and -120 HU, with a mean value of -106 HU. No @entity384 or compression to the adjacent structures was seen. All the cases had control CTs, and the @entity362 remained unchanged during the follow-up period. Histopathologic confirmation of the diagnosis was not planned for the cases. CONCLUSION: @entity362 are rarely encountered in the pancreas. They often are diagnosed coincidentally as small, well-circumscribed, encapsulated, homogeneous, mature adipose masses on imaging studies. Imaging follow-up strategy or histopathologic confirmation is not necessary in asymptomatic @entity1 .

title: Incidental XXXX : computed tomography imaging findings with emphasis on diagnostic challenges.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic or biliary dilatation']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic lipomas']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['Lipomas', 'lipomas']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic lipomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess possible differences in mortality between @entity1 and @entity1 with an @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) treated either by elective repair or following @entity1756 . METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed using the MEDLINE, Cochrane and Embase databases. Data were analysed by means of bivariate random-effects meta-analysis. Data were pooled and odds ratios (ORs) calculated for @entity1 compared with @entity1 . RESULTS: Sixty-one studies (516 118 @entity1 ) met the predetermined inclusion criteria. Twenty-six reported on elective open @entity1028 repair, 21 on elective endovascular repair, 25 on open repair for @entity1755 and one study on endovascular repair for @entity1755 . Mortality rates for @entity1 compared with @entity1 were 7.6 versus 5.1 per cent (OR 1.28, 95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 1.09 to 1.49) for elective open repair, 2.9 versus 1.5 per cent (OR 2.41, 95 per cent c.i. 1.14 to 5.15) for elective endovascular repair, and 61.8 versus 42.2 per cent (OR 1.16, 95 per cent c.i. 0.97 to 1.37) in the group that had open repair for @entity397 . The group that had endovascular repair for @entity1755 was too small for meaningful analysis. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with an @entity1028 had a higher mortality rate following elective open and endovascular repair.

title: Systematic review and meta-analysis of sex differences in outcome after intervention for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured AAA']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: Health disparities in @entity0 outcomes according to race/ethnicity are well documented. @entity922 ( @entity922 ) offer an opportunity to evaluate differences in disease biology and response to therapy that may contribute to disparities. We conducted a PubMed search to identify all English language original reports of @entity0 @entity922 from October 2001 to October 2006. The primary outcomes of interest were reporting of accrual and results by race or ethnicity of trial subjects. We evaluated the correlation between study characteristics and reporting of race/ethnicity. A total of 197 eligible trials were identified among 29 journals. Accrual was reported by race in 17% of studies and results analyzed by race in only 2%. Reporting of race was associated with National @entity5 Institute funding (38 vs. 13%, P = 0.001), US cooperative group trials (52 vs. 13%, P < 0.0001), trials with US sites (43 vs. 5%, P < 0.0001), and trials enrolling > 500 subjects (24 vs. 12%, P = 0.055). Pharmaceutical industry funding, # of centers, stage of disease, nature of experimental intervention and study outcomes were not associated with reporting of race. Among US studies reporting trial accrual by race/ethnicity, the mean accrual distribution was 81% white, 7.6% black, 9.6% Asian, and 7.2% Hispanic subjects. The majority of @entity0 @entity922 fail to report the race/ethnicity of @entity1 . Low accrual of black subjects and failure to report accrual and outcomes by race in @entity922 may contribute to difficulty in understanding and overcoming health disparities in @entity0 .

title: Reporting of race and ethnicity in XXXX research: room for improvement.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['Randomized clinical trials', 'RCT']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The QuantiFERON   test (QFT) is a diagnostic tool for active and latent @entity378 . High rates of positivity to QuantiFERON   have been demonstrated in @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) and @entity6 @entity1 . We performed a pilot study to investigate if QFT positivity in @entity2316 @entity1 predicted the rate of renal function decline. METHODS: QFT was performed in 38 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity740 4-5 not on dialysis. The rate of decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated. RESULTS: 18/38 @entity1 had a positive QFT. @entity1 with a positive QFT had a steeper decline in eGFR, compared with @entity1 with a negative QFT. Ethnicity (a marker of risk of previous @entity378 exposure), urine protein/ @entity1011 ratio, use of ACE inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers and statins, serum @entity1851 , @entity560 levels, @entity4051 c concentration and presenting @entity5017 did not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS: The finding in this small cohort needs to be replicated in a larger study because our study is susceptible to both type I and type II statistical error. We found that QFT positivity was associated with a more rapid rate of decline in @entity5017 , but this association may be coincidental (with the difference in decline attributed to differences in the blood pressure or @entity644 of the two groups). Moreover, an association does not necessarily mean causality, although it would be interesting to speculate if we are identifying @entity1 with @entity9178 who have an active @entity1986 . Another intriguing possibility is that this assay identifies @entity1 with an immunological phenotype that predisposes to eGFR loss.

title: Accelerated decline of XXXX in @entity2316 predicted by interferon release assay to @entity378 antigens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic CKD']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis (TB) infections', 'TB']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity5017 :: (9771,Gene) :: ['GFR']


abstract: Guidelines for @entity170 treatment are available; however, these guidelines suggest when to treat @entity1 , without specific recommendations on what drugs to prescribe in various situations. Choice of @entity170 therapy should be individualized based on consideration of the efficacy, safety, cost, convenience (i.e., dosing regimen and delivery), and other non- @entity170 -related benefits associated with each agent. @entity171 , administered orally or intravenously, should be considered first-line therapy, particularly in older @entity1 , owing to their efficacy across multiple skeletal sites; however, there are potential short- and long-term safety concerns. Selective @entity172 receptor modulators should be considered for younger postmenopausal @entity1 at greater risk for @entity173 or as second-line therapy in @entity1 who cannot tolerate first-line therapies. Low-dose hormone therapy may be appropriate as prevention in @entity1 with menopausal symptoms at lower @entity174 risk. @entity175 , with its relatively benign safety profile, may be appropriate for elderly @entity1 who may have difficulty following the complex dosing schedules of oral @entity171 . Anabolic therapies such as teriparatide should be considered for high-risk @entity1 . @entity176 (approved outside of North America), with both anabolic and antiresorptive properties, may be appropriate for @entity1 who cannot tolerate or are unable to take @entity171 . Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody appropriate for @entity1 at high @entity174 risk or who have failed other @entity170 therapies, and may be considered in @entity1 with @entity177 . It will be important to incorporate newer agents (e.g., @entity178 , tissue selective @entity172 complex) into this individualized treatment paradigm to optimize clinical outcomes in @entity1 with @entity170 .

title: Individualizing XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity178 :: ('MESH:C447119', 'Chemical') :: ['bazedoxifene']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates', 'Bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral than hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity176 :: ('MESH:C081587', 'Chemical') :: ['Strontium ranelate']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity281 remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 undergoing treatment for @entity5 . @entity281 due to Gram-negative bacilli _ staphylococci are common in @entity5 @entity1 . Altered gut flora because of frequent antibiotic administration and damage of epithelial surfaces contribute to the development of @entity281 . To access the use of new potent antibiotics against @entity281 in @entity5 @entity1 and to determine the cross resistance of Gram-negative bacterial strains. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the bacterial spectrum _ antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of @entity2886 , @entity2887 , @entity2888 and @entity581 against Gram-negative bacterial strains in @entity5 @entity1 . The susceptibility was determined by broth dilution method according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) now called Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) during study period (July 2006 to Jan 2007). RESULTS: A total of 60 Gram-negative bacterial blood cultures were examined. Among these, @entity796 was the most common (38%). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration at which 50% (MIC 50 ) and 90% (MIC 90 ) of Enterobacteriaceae and @entity796 inhibited were found. Resistance in @entity796 against cefepime, @entity2889 , @entity2177 , @entity2756 , @entity2890 , @entity2891 and @entity2892 was 60%, 13%, 80%, 67%, 40%, 90% and 10% respectively while for Enterobacteriaceae 80%, 20%, 88%, 72%, 20%, 90% and four per cent resistance was observed. Meropenem was found to be the most effective antimicrobial against Gram-negative bacteria. CONCLUSION: High resistance observed in this study warrants the needs of surveillance of resistant pattern of antimicrobial agents. Due to increased level of drug resistance, @entity2893 would be a prudent choice in high- risk cases.

title: Characterization and anti-microbial susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria isolated from bloodstream infections of XXXX @entity1 on chemotherapy in Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['P.aeruginosa', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Severe infections', 'infection', 'bloodstream infection', 'Bloodstream infection']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity2888 :: ('MESH:D015780', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenems']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity2891 :: ('MESH:D002438', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoperazone']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The prognosis of @entity295 due to @entity796 is severe with mortality ranging from 32 to 73%. We retrospectively studied 82 episodes in order to determine whether risk factors could be identified. METHODS: Eighty-two episodes of @entity796 @entity295 , observed between 1986 and 1991, were analyzed. Risk of @entity204 within 2 days of the first positive blood culture (mortality = 19.5%) were assessed with univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: @entity1 age ranged from 1 to 92 years. Most had been hospitalized in medical wards (49%) or intensive care units (28%) (NS). The type of @entity295 (several bacteria in 21%), the source of the @entity281 (nosocomial in 78%), portal, predisposing factors ( @entity5 , @entity66 : 54%) and MacCabe index were not significantly correlated with risk of @entity204 at two days following first positive blood culture. With univariate analysis body temperature below 38,5 degrees C was significant (p = 0.007) for @entity204 at day 2 and appropriate antibiotic treatment after diagnosis was significant (p < 0.001) for absence of @entity204 on day 2. For multivariate analysis, chemotherapy and @entity1457 were significant (p = 0.005 and 0.09 respectively) for @entity204 at day 2 and appropriate antibiotic treatment was significant (p = 0.005) for absence of @entity204 on day 2. CONCLUSION: Antibiotic prescription appears to be the most easily controlled significant factor predictive of outcome in @entity796 @entity295 .

title: [ @entity796 XXXX . Host-related risk factors in 82 episodes].

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['haematologic disease']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['septicemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment with inhaled @entity230 is an effective method of reducing bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation after allergen challenge. However, the duration of the protective effects of inhaled @entity230 after discontinuation of therapy has not been established. OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the protective effect of 1 week of inhaled @entity134 therapy against inhaled allergen challenge 12 hours after discontinuation of therapy. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, 26 asthmatic subjects (>18 years old) not using inhaled @entity230 were administered 200 microg of @entity4184 twice daily, 200 microg of @entity5023 twice daily, or placebo twice daily for 1 week. Twelve hours after discontinuation of therapy, subjects were administered an inhaled allergen challenge. Each treatment period was separated by a 3-week washout period. RESULTS: When compared with placebo (26% +/- 14%), there was a slight but significant protection against the allergen-induced early response after @entity5023 treatment (19% +/- 10%, P = .001) but not after @entity4184 treatment (23% +/- 13%, P = .08). However, when the area under the curve for the early airway response was examined, there was no difference between the 2 drugs in the amount of protection ( P = .62). Partial protection was demonstrated against the late-response allergen-induced sputum @entity1712 with both treatments ( P = .001). By contrast, no protection was observed against allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness for either treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The protective effects of inhaled @entity230 against allergen-induced early responses, airway @entity1712 , and allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness are partially or completely lost as early as 12 hours after discontinuation of therapy.

title: Protection by XXXX and @entity5023 on allergen-induced airway responses after discontinuation of therapy.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone']

answer: @entity4184 :: (MESH:D019819,Chemical) :: ['budesonide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This prospective, randomized study assessed the prophylactic effects of @entity3352 treatment on @entity2294 after aortic surgery. METHODS: Eighty-five @entity1 were found eligible to participate in this double-blind study. @entity1 were assigned to a control group receiving oral placebo or to an @entity3352 group receiving 25 mg oral @entity3352 3 times daily for 7 days preoperatively. After aortic surgery, @entity1 were followed up clinically and evaluated for @entity2294 with transthoracic echocardiography on the first and seventh postoperative days during hospitalization and at the second and sixth weeks after discharge. RESULTS: The demographic and the operative data were similar between groups. The surgical interventions included Bentall procedure in 63 @entity1 , valve-sparing procedures in 7 @entity1 , and supracoronary ascending aorta replacement in 15 @entity1 . Hemiarch replacement was performed in 16 @entity1 . No @entity1 in either group had @entity2294 after the first postoperative day. At the end of the first week, however, 2 @entity1 had @entity2294 , at the end of the second week after discharge, 3 @entity1 had @entity2294 , and at the end of the sixth week after discharge, 4 @entity1 had PEs. One of the @entity1 who had PE at the end of the sixth week received @entity3352 ; the others were all in the control group, a significant difference (P=.019). Five @entity1 underwent transthoracic echocardiographically guided pericardiocentesis; 4 underwent surgical pericardiocentesis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3352 may have beneficial effects on the outcomes and incidence of @entity2294 after aortic surgery.

title: Effects of prophylactic @entity3352 treatment on XXXX after aortic surgery.

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pericardial effusion', 'pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin', 'indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity2294 :: (MESH:D010490,Disease) :: ['postoperative pericardial effusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite applications of models of care and organizational or system-level interventions to improve @entity1 outcomes for @entity102 , consistent improvements have not been achieved. This may reflect a mismatch between the interventions and the nature of the settings in which they are attempted. The application of @entity262 ( @entity262 ) framework to understand clinical systems and inform efforts to improve them may lead to more successful interventions. We performed a systematic review of interventions to improve outcomes of @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) to examine whether interventions consistent with @entity262 are more likely to be effective. We then examine differences between interventions that are most effective for improving outcomes for @entity1 with @entity712 versus previously published data for type 2 @entity6 to explore the potential impact of the nature of the disease on the types of interventions that are more likely to be effective. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of the literature between 1998 and 2008 of organizational interventions to improve care of @entity1 with @entity712 . Two independent reviewers independently assessed studies that met inclusion criteria to determine whether each reported intervention reflected one or more @entity262 characteristics. The effectiveness of interventions was rated as either 0 (no effect), 0.5 (mixed effect), or 1.0 (effective) based on the type, number, and significance of reported outcomes. Fisher's exact test was used to examine the association between @entity262 characteristics and intervention effectiveness. Specific @entity262 characteristics associated with intervention effectiveness for @entity712 were contrasted with previously published data for type 2 @entity6 . RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Forty-four studies describing 46 interventions met eligibility criteria. All interventions utilized at least one @entity262 characteristic, and 85% were either 'mixed effect' or 'effective' in terms of outcomes. The number of @entity262 characteristics present in each intervention was associated with effectiveness (p < 0.001), supporting the idea that interventions consistent with @entity262 are more likely to be effective. The individual @entity262 characteristics associated with @entity712 intervention effectiveness were learning, self-organization, and co-evolution, a finding different from our previously published analysis of interventions for @entity6 . We suggest this difference may be related to the degree of uncertainty involved in caring for @entity1 with @entity6 versus @entity712 . CONCLUSION: These results suggest that for interventions to be effective, they must be consistent with the @entity262 nature of clinical systems. The difference in specific @entity262 characteristics associated with intervention effectiveness for @entity712 and @entity6 suggests that interventions must also take into account attributes of the disease.

title: The importance of organizational characteristics for improving outcomes in @entity1 with XXXX : a systematic review of @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['CAS', 'complex adaptive systems']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic disease']


abstract: @entity3649 ( @entity16076 ) chronic administration via intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes has been used as a model of aging and @entity195 in rodents. Intraperitoneal and subcutaneous administration of @entity16076 causes @entity2414 , a reduction in the neurogenesis of adult @entity19 , an increase in the levels of the amyloid precursor protein and oxidative damage; However, the effects of oral @entity16076 remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the oral administration of @entity16076 induces @entity2383 of @entity35 . Male @entity35 (4  months old) received @entity16076 (100  mg/kg v.o.), during the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th or 8th weeks by oral gavage. The activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes was measured in the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th weeks after the administration of @entity16076 . The activity of the respiratory chain complex I was found to have increased in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in the 1st, 6th and 8th weeks, while the activity of the respiratory chain complex II increased in the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th weeks within the hippocampus and in the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th weeks within the prefrontal cortex. The activity of complex II-III increased within the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in each week of oral @entity16076 treatment. The activity of complex IV increased within the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in the 1st, 2nd, 6th and 8th weeks of treatment. After 4  weeks of treatment the activity increased only in hippocampus. In conclusion, the present study showed that the oral administration of @entity16076 increased the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, II, II-III and IV in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Furthermore, the administration of @entity16076 via the oral route seems to cause the alterations in the mitochondrial respiratory complexes observed in @entity75 .

title: The oral administration of XXXX induces @entity2383 in the brain of @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['D-Galactose']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Wistar rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairments']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities within the mitochondrial respiratory chain']

answer: @entity3649 :: (MESH:D005690,Chemical) :: ['D-galactose']


abstract: To compare the efficacy and cost of managing mildly or moderately @entity2700 @entity294 @entity1 with oral rehydration soulution (ORS) versus intravenous fluids (I.V.), hospitalized @entity1 were analyzed retrospectively during 2 different time periods. In 1981, 133 of 134 @entity1 , 110 of whom were mildly-moderately @entity2700 , were managed only with I.V.; while in 1982, 126 mildly-moderately @entity2700 received only ORS, 15 severely @entity2700 @entity1 were given short term I.V. followed by ORS, and 29 mildly-moderately @entity2700 @entity1 were given I.V. before ORS, due to non-acceptance of ORS and/or persistent @entity391 . In 1981, all but one of the 134 @entity1 received I.V.; in 1982, 126 of the 155 mildly @entity2700 were rehydrated with ORS alone, while the remaining 29 mildly @entity2700 were rehydrated with I.V. followed by ORS. 15 severely @entity2700 @entity1 were treated with I.V. plus ORS. The average hospital stay was 3.6 days in 1981 and 1.6 days in 1982. The average net expenditure per @entity1 was Bangladeshi Rs. 323.08 in 1981 and Rs. 99.61 in 1982 (about Rs. 9 to US  1. The present study thus establishes the usefulness of ORS at the hospital level, and its statistically significant impact on reducing the duration and cost of hospitalization. Moreover, use of ORS also indirectly avoids other disadvantages of I.V., such as @entity5225 , electrolyte imbalances and @entity2268 , all of which are not uncommon.

title: Comparison of oral and intravenous rehydration among hospitalized XXXX with acute @entity294 .

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydrated']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity5225 :: ('MESH:C566111', 'Disease') :: ['overhydration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The @entity361 ( @entity361 ) is a crucial morphological event that occurs during progression of @entity5 . We reported previously that levels of the   EF1 family proteins ( @entity18075 /  EF1 and @entity18436 / @entity18436 ), key regulators of the @entity361 , are positively correlated with @entity361 phenotypes and @entity146 of @entity0 . Here, we show that @entity12136 induces ZEB expression and activates the @entity18075 promoter, independently of its @entity1889 38 phosphorylation status. In the basal-like subtype of @entity0 cells, siRNAs targeting @entity12136 repressed expression of ZEBs and partially restored their epithelial phenotypes and sensitivity to anti- @entity5 drugs. @entity18437 , a member of the Ets transcription factor family, was originally characterized as being expressed in an epithelial-restricted pattern, placing it within the epithelium-specific ETS subfamily. @entity18437 , highly expressed in the luminal subtype of @entity0 cells, was repressed by activation of @entity8047 -ERK pathway, resulting in induction of ZEBs through @entity12136 upregulation. Conversely, @entity12136 , highly expressed in the basal-like subtype, was repressed by inactivation of @entity8047 -ERK pathway, resulting in reduction of ZEBs through @entity18437 upregulation. These findings suggest that @entity18437 and @entity12136 , whose expressions are reciprocally regulated by @entity8047 -ERK pathway, define the @entity361 phenotype through controlling expression of ZEBs in each subtype of @entity0 cells. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity12136 and XXXX reciprocally regulate expression of @entity18075 / @entity18436 , dependently on ERK1/2 activity, in @entity0 cells.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'epithelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['EMT', 'epithelial-mesenchymal transition']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity18437 :: (1999,Gene) :: ['ESE1']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify risk factors for device exposure and @entity5517 following implantation of a @entity726 drainage device. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: The medical records of adult @entity1 undergoing @entity726 drainage device implantation at an academic medical center between 2000 and 2010 were reviewed. Main outcome measures included device exposure and @entity5517 . RESULTS: Seven hundred and sixty-three cases were identified. These included 702 primary implants (ie, the first drainage device implanted into an eye) and 61 sequential implants. Among 702 primary implants, there were 41 cases of exposure (5.8%). None of the potential risk factors were statistically significant. Implant location was found to be a marginally significant risk factor. The exposure rates for inferior and superior implants were 12.8% (5 of 39) and 5.4% (36 of 663), respectively (P  = .056). The highest rate of exposure for primary implants occurred in the inferior-nasal quadrant (17.2%, 5 of 29). The rate of exposure for sequential devices was 13.1% (8 of 61), with the highest rate also found in the inferior-nasal quadrant (20%, 5 of 25). Of 49 total exposures, 8 were associated with @entity5517 (16.3%). Exposures over inferior implants were more likely to be associated with @entity281 than exposures over superior implants (41.7% vs 8.1%; P  = .0151). CONCLUSION: Implant location approached, but did not reach, statistical significance as a risk factor for exposure. Exposures over @entity75 @entity1 at a higher risk of @entity281 than superior exposures. More studies are needed to identify modifiable risk factors for device exposure.

title: XXXX Devices: Risk of Exposure and Infection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5517 :: ('MESH:D015817', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular infection']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['inferior implants place']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma Drainage']


abstract: We describe two sisters (ages 10 and 3 years, respectively) with a normal development and a combination of congenital @entity1274 , @entity1275 , @entity145 , and @entity1276 . Neither @entity1 has distinctive physical anomalies. In the oldest @entity1 , there was a @entity393 of 80 dB bilaterally, and the most severe loss on audiogram was seen at 2,000-4,000 Hz. In the youngest @entity1 , there was a @entity393 of 100 dB bilaterally. Above 2,000 Hz no neural reactions were seen. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging in one @entity1 and computed tomography in the other showed a @entity1275 and a cyst in the pineal region, causing an aqueduct @entity850 by compression and consequent @entity1276 . The parents have normal hearing, and brain magnetic resonance imaging showed no abnormalities. They are nonconsanguineous but from the same small village. This is the first report of a combination of congenital @entity1274 , @entity1275 , and an @entity145 . The pattern of inheritance is probably autosomal recessive.

title: Bilateral @entity1274 , XXXX , and @entity145 in two sisters.

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1275 :: ('MESH:C536111', 'Disease') :: ['partial agenesis of the corpus callosum']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity1275 :: (MESH:C536111,Disease) :: ['partial agenesis of the corpus callosum']


abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in carcinogenesis through the regulation of their target genes. miRNA-related single nucleotide polymorphisms ( @entity11216 -SNPs) can affect miRNA biogenesis and target sites and can alter microRNA expression and functions. We examined 11 @entity11216 -SNPs, including 5 in microRNA genes, 3 in microRNA binding sites and 3 in microRNA-processing machinery components, and evaluated time to recurrence (TTR) according to @entity11216 -SNP genotypes in 175 surgically resected @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 . Significant differences in TTR were found according to @entity11776 @entity11777 (median TTR: 20.3 months for the CC genotype versus 86.8 months for the CG or GG genotype; P=0.003) and @entity10405 @entity11778 (median TTR: 24.7 months for the AA genotype versus 73.1 months for the AC or CC genotypes; P=0.029). Moreover, when @entity1 were divided according to stage, these differences were maintained for stage I @entity1 (P=0.002 for @entity11776 @entity11777 ; P<0.001 for @entity10405 @entity11778 ). When @entity1 were divided into sub-groups according to histology, the effect of the @entity11776 @entity11777 genotype on TTR was significant in @entity1 with @entity957 (P=0.004) but not in those with @entity420 . In the multivariate analyses, the @entity11776 @entity11777 CC genotype (OR=1.8; P=0.023) and the @entity10405 @entity11778 AA genotype (OR=1.77; P=0.026) emerged as independent variables influencing TTR. Immunohistochemical analyses in 80 lung specimens showed that 95% of @entity957 were positive for @entity11776 , compared to only 19% of @entity420 (P<0.0001). In conclusion, @entity11216 -SNPs are a novel class of SNPs that can add useful prognostic information on the clinical outcome of resected @entity1149 @entity1 and may be a potential key tool for selecting high-risk stage I @entity1 . Moreover, @entity11776 has emerged as a promising immunohistochemical marker for the identification of @entity957 .

title: A dual role for XXXX : a @entity11216 -SNP associated with recurrence in @entity1149 and a novel marker of @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell lung carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity11776 :: (3887,Gene) :: ['KRT81']


abstract: The authors reviewed forty-three surgically managed cases of @entity7769 treated during the past twelve years. Surgery had been performed on thirty-one @entity1 and twelve @entity1 . Their average age was 46.8 years old. The etiology of @entity7769 had been determined as follows: There were twenty-three cases of @entity2720 . There were four cases of isolated @entity85 . There were three cases of isolated @entity85 . There were three cases of @entity309 . One @entity1 had sustained @entity130 to the cubital tunnel. In nine other @entity1 there were various causes but no joint @entity893 . The selection of the surgical technique for the correction of @entity7769 was a function of the etiology of the condition. @entity7769 from @entity571 was surgically managed with a modified King technique. @entity16 with a @entity85 was managed with an ulnar nerve anterior transposition. @entity16 with a @entity85 was managed with a neurolysis. The surgical outcome for @entity7769 in @entity1 with an @entity85 at the elbow frequently was not optimum. However, although some @entity1 remained symptomatic, the majority of postoperative @entity1 did obtain improved motor strength and conduction velocities. This confirmed the efficacy of surgical management regardless of the @entity7769 etiology.

title: The relation between XXXX and the elbow alignment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['malalignment']

entities_list: @entity7769 :: ('MESH:D020430', 'Disease') :: ['Cubital tunnel syndrome', 'cubital tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Ulnar neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis of the elbow joint']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['cubitus valgus deformity', 'angular deformity', 'cubitus varus deformity']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity7769 :: (MESH:D020430,Disease) :: ['cubital tunnel syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate re-irradiation using IMRT for recurrent and second primary @entity135 in previously irradiated territory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1997 and 2008, 84 @entity1 with recurrent and second primary @entity135 were treated with IMRT to a median dose of 69 Gy. Median time interval between initial radiotherapy and re-irradiation was 49.5 (5.2-298.3) months. Salvage surgery preceded re-irradiation in 19 @entity1 ; 17 @entity1 received concurrent chemotherapy. RESULTS: Median follow-up of living @entity1 was 19.8 (1.9-76.1) months. Five-year locoregional control and overall survival were 40% and 20%, respectively. Five-year disease-specific survival and disease-free survival were 29% and 15%, respectively. Stage T4 (p=0.015), time interval between initial treatment and re-irradiation (p=0.011) and @entity5 (p=0.013) were independent prognostic factors for worse overall survival in multivariate analysis. Twenty-six and 11 @entity1 developed Grade 3 acute and late @entity137 , respectively. No Grade 5 acute @entity137 was encountered. There were 2 fatal @entity455 during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: High-dose IMRT for recurrent and second primary @entity135 in previously irradiated territory leads to approximately 20% long-term survival in a non-selected @entity1 population. Identification of @entity1 who would benefit most of curative IMRT is warranted.

title: Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for recurrent and second primary XXXX in previously irradiated territory.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular ruptures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal cancer']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thrombolysis has reduced early and longterm mortality by about 20%; sometimes, however, there is a re-occlusion of the @entity1188 related artery or an unsuccessful thrombolysis. In these situations, there is a possible increase in detrimental events in the follow-up. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to compare the prognostic value of @entity452 echocardiography (DET) and ECG exercise test (EET) in pts submitted to thrombolysis. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-one pts, with acute uncomplicated @entity583 , were enrolled. The pts were able to perform EET and had a sufficient echocardiographic window; 58 had @entity583 (38%), 79 had inferior (52%), 2 had lateral (1%), 12 had non-Q (8%). EET was performed with an initial load of 25 Watt, and thereafter, 25 W every two minutes. DET was performed with step-wise infusion every three minutes (5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mcg/kg/min.). If the target heart rate was not reached, a further dose of 40 mcg/kg/min. together with @entity3897 0.25-1 mg was administered, in the absence of signs and symptoms of @entity63 . RESULTS: During a mean (+/- SD) follow-up period of 8 +/- 4.5 months (range 1-23), 16 spontaneous events happened (4 deaths, 5 non-fatal re- @entity1188 , 7 unstable @entity951 ). One-hundred and three EET (68%) were negative for ongoing ischaemia, while 48 were positive, 79 DET (52%) were negative for ongoing ischaemia and 72 were positive (48%). Statistical results: DET and EET had a sensitivity of 41% and 54%, a specificity of 57% and 74%, a positive predictive value of 7% and 14%, a negative predictive value of 91% and 95%, an accuracy of 56% and 73%. Kaplan-Maier survival curves demonstrated that @entity1 with Peak Wall motion > 1.8 and EET score > 3, had the higher risk of spontaneous events. CONCLUSION: A few spontaneous events happened in the follow-up. These data demonstrate that @entity1 treated with thrombolysis are not at high risk of spontaneous events. DET and EET, therefore, have had a high negative predictive value. For this reason, we can conclude that pts with negative tests can be considered at low risk and do not need any further investigations.

title: Multicenter trial on prognostic value of inducible @entity63 , assessed by @entity452 stress echocardiography and exercise electrocardiography test, in @entity1 with uncomplicated XXXX , treated with thrombolytic therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'anterior myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To prospectively examine the accuracy of fine needle aspiration (FNA) for the detection of @entity263 . Ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy of the prostate was used as the standard to which the FNA results were compared. @entity1 AND METHODS: One-hundred @entity1 who had been referred for urological evaluation were suspected of having @entity263 on the basis of digital rectal examination (DRE) and/or transrectal ultrasound (TRUS). All were further evaluated by digitally guided transrectal FNA and by TRUS-guided transperineal core needle biopsy. RESULTS: @entity263 was identified in 54 @entity1 by core needle biopsy and in 45 by FNA. The sensitivity of FNA was 81% and both specificity and positive predictive value were 98%. CONCLUSION: FNA is easily performed, has negligible morbidity and offers prompt results. These data suggest that FNA is a reasonable initial diagnostic procedure for the detection of @entity263 . Core needle biopsy may be reserved for @entity1 with negative cytology who are clinically suspected of having @entity263 . In selected @entity1 , FNA may be used as an alternative to core needle biopsy for diagnosis, treatment planning and follow-up.

title: A comparison between digitally-guided fine needle aspiration and ultrasound-guided transperineal core needle biopsy of the prostate for the detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Few studies have prospectively compared the change of @entity4090 levels in @entity1 and adolescents associated with the use of atypical antipsychotic agents. In our study, we present preliminary data of an ongoing study, which compares changes in @entity4090 levels in @entity1 and adolescents after treatment to @entity1090 versus @entity1037 versus @entity1089 . We hypothesized: (1) @entity1090 would be associated with @entity4089 most frequently, and (2) postpubertal females may be at higher risk of @entity4090 elevation and associated adverse effects. METHODS: @entity4090 levels were obtained at baseline and after a mean of 11.2 weeks (SD = 2.2; range, 4-15 weeks) from 40 subjects (mean age, 13.4 years; SD = 3.4; range, 5-18 years) who were started on @entity1090 (n = 21), @entity1037 (n = 13), or @entity1089 (n = 6). End-point @entity4090 levels were compared using a Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: End-point @entity4090 levels were significantly higher with @entity1090 , compared to @entity1037 (p = 0.027) or @entity1089 (p = 0.008). With the Bonferroni correction, the latter remains significant. Twenty-five percent of our subjects experienced sexual side effects at end point, independent of @entity4090 levels and antipsychotic agents. CONCLUSION: @entity1090 significantly increased @entity4090 levels in @entity1 and adolescents. The duration of this @entity4090 elevation, and its long-term effects in @entity1 and adolescents, are unknown.

title: A prospective study of XXXX in @entity1 and adolescents treated with atypical antipsychotic agents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity4090 :: ('5617', 'Gene') :: ['prolactin', 'Prolactin']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone', 'Risperidone']

answer: @entity4089 :: (MESH:D006966,Disease) :: ['hyperprolactinemia']