abstract: PURPOSE: High-dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) autograft is effective in high-risk @entity706 , particularly with the addition of rituximab; however, it is associated with risk of secondary @entity5 . These issues have been addressed in a series of 1,347 @entity1 with @entity706 treated with a @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) program. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 1,024 @entity1 with @entity1892 , 234 @entity1 with @entity978 , and 89 @entity1 with @entity784 were treated with @entity2101 between 1985 and 2005 at 11 Gruppo Italiano Terapie Innovative Linfomi centers. @entity2101 was given as salvage treatment to 707 @entity1 (52%); 655 @entity1 (49%) received a modified @entity2101 , with high-dose @entity2592 and two consecutive PBPC harvests. Rituximab-supplemented @entity2101 was given to 523 @entity1 (39%). RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 7 years, the median overall survival (OS) was 16.2 years; in @entity1892 the OS was significantly superior with rituximab @entity2101 compared to @entity2101 alone. The cumulative incidence at 5 and 10 years of secondary @entity2590 / @entity3052 (sMDS/ @entity1582 ) were 3.09% and 4.52%, respectively, that of @entity5 were 2.54% and 6.79%, respectively. Factors associated with sMDS/ @entity1582 were male sex and use of the second harvest PBPC for the graft; factors found to be associated with solid @entity5 were advanced age, post- @entity2101 radiotherapy, and rituximab addition to @entity2101 . Despite the increased risk of @entity5 , rituximab addition to @entity2101 was still associated with survival advantages. CONCLUSION: This analysis has relevant implications for the design and use of intensive chemoimmunotherapy with autograft. In addition, it offers useful insights toward the understanding and prevention of @entity5 development.

title: Risk factors for the development of secondary @entity5 after high-dose chemotherapy and autograft, with or without rituximab: a 20-year retrospective follow-up study in XXXX with @entity706 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['HDS', 'high-dose sequential']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review important findings, or lessons, that were learned about measures of response, design, conduct, and analysis of a @entity23 ( @entity23 ), even though the trial failed to demonstrate efficacy of @entity2361 . METHODS: One hundred thirty-four @entity1 with early (< or =18 months), @entity7087 (SSc) were entered into an @entity23 (high-dose [822 mg daily] vs low-dose [120 mg every other day] @entity2361 ) and were followed up regularly for up to 4 years. Because analysis failed to show efficacy for @entity2361 in early diffuse SSc, all data were pooled for additional secondary analyses. RESULTS: This @entity23 showed that trials of potential disease-modifying interventions can be completed in SSc using the American College of Rheumatology guidelines. This @entity23 used an active control. After analysis, we were not able to tell whether either dose was effective or ineffective. That experience argues in favor of using placebo controls until such time as an active control can be found that truly modifies the disease. Skin score and the disability index of the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ-DI) were valid predictors of outcome. Along with the physician global assessment, they also were valid measures of response. CONCLUSIONS: Even in studies that are therapeutically "negative," careful evaluation of the data can examine other hypotheses and thereby provide important insights into other aspects of trial design, outcome measures, @entity1 function, and trial conduct.

title: High-dose versus low-dose @entity2361 in early XXXX trial: lessons learned.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCT', 'randomized, controlled trial']

entities_list: @entity7087 :: ('MESH:D045743', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse systemic sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2361 :: ('MESH:D010396', 'Chemical') :: ['d-penicillamine', 'D-penicillamine']

answer: @entity7087 :: (MESH:D045743,Disease) :: ['diffuse systemic sclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of and risk factors for intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation in the immediate postoperative period after vitrectomy for various @entity989 . METHODS: A prospective study was performed in 228 consecutive @entity1 with various @entity989 . The IOP was measured before surgery, at the end of surgery, and at 5 hours and 1 day after surgery using Tono- @entity8907 XL. The IOP at the end of surgery was adjusted to 15.0    2.0 mm Hg. RESULTS: Intraocular pressure elevation (>25 mm Hg) was found in 55 (24.1%) and 52 (22.8%) @entity1 at 5 hours and 1 day postoperatively, respectively. The IOP at 5 hours was significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity937 ( @entity937 ) than in those with @entity1103 , @entity6 ( @entity6 ), proliferative @entity1715 , or @entity1713 ( @entity1713 ). The IOP at 1 day was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity1713 than in those with @entity937 and epiretinal membrane. Multiple regression analysis revealed that IOP at 5 hours postoperatively had a significant correlation with the number of laser photocoagulation, preoperative IOP, combined @entity231 surgery, and 20-gauge vitrectomy. The IOP at 1 day postoperatively was significantly associated with these 4 parameters as well as the severity of @entity86 and use of expanding gas tamponade. CONCLUSIONS: Intraocular pressure elevation was found in approximately one-quarter of cases within 1 day following vitrectomy. The risk factors for IOP elevation included number of laser photocoagulation, combined @entity231 surgery, severity of @entity86 , and use of expanding gas tamponade.

title: Intraocular pressure elevation after vitrectomy for various XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1715 :: ('MESH:D018630', 'Disease') :: ['vitreoretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['macular hole', 'MH']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['vitreoretinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative diabetic retinopathy', 'PDR']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['RD', 'rhegmatogenous retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic macular edema']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative vitreous hemorrhage']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['vitreoretinal disorders']


abstract: Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow may be normal, reduced or increased in @entity82 . The mechanism of departures from normal is not known. Other renal functional changes in @entity82 include avid @entity1372 reabsorption, impaired concentrating and diluting abilities, and @entity8 . Fluid and electrolyte disorders are common. @entity1372 retention with @entity4 and @entity843 should generally be treated conservatively because they tend to disappear as the liver heals and because forced diuresis has hazards. The indications for diuretics are (1) incipient or overt atelectasis; (2) abdominal distress; and (3) possibility of skin breakdown. @entity2753 is common and its mechanism and treatment must be assessed in each @entity1 . @entity1371 occurs and requires treatment. @entity3945 and @entity8 seldom need therapy. The @entity3182 is defined as functional @entity177 in the absence of other known causes of renal functional impairment. The prognosis is terrible and therapy is unsatisfactory. The best approach is not to equate the occurrence of @entity177 in @entity82 with the @entity3182 . Rather the physician should first explore all treatable causes of @entity177 , eg, @entity281 , @entity712 , @entity972 depletion, and others.

title: Fluid and electrolyte disturbances in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal tubular acidosis', 'partial renal tubular acidosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3182 :: ('MESH:D006530', 'Disease') :: ['hepatorenal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium', 'sodium']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration, obstruction, infection']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity3945 :: ('MESH:D000472', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['Hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['Hyponatremia']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: @entity1118 is generally regarded as being divided into two mutually exclusive @entity158 mechanisms: nociceptive and @entity1109 . Recently, this dichotomous approach has been questioned and a model of @entity1118 being 'more or less @entity1109 ' has been suggested. To test whether such a spectrum exists, we examined responses by @entity1 with @entity1118 to validated @entity9 assessment tools and compared these with ratings of certainty about the @entity1109 origin of @entity158 by their specialist @entity158 physicians. We examined 200 @entity1 (100 each with nociceptive and @entity9 ) and administered the self-complete Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (S-LANSS score) and the @entity9 ( @entity9 ). Clinicians were asked to rate their certainty of the presence of @entity9 mechanisms on a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) (0='not at all @entity1109 in origin' to 100='completely @entity1109 in origin'). The whole sample was divided into tertiles based on ascending ratings of diagnostic certainty by clinicians using the VAS and labelled 'unlikely', 'possible' and 'definite' @entity9 . There were significant differences in median S-LANSS and @entity9 composite scores between all tertile groups. There were also significant differences between many S-LANSS and @entity9 item scores between groups. We have shown that higher scores on both the S-LANSS and the @entity9 are indicative of greater clinician certainty of @entity9 mechanisms being present. These data support the theoretical construct that @entity158 can be more or less @entity1109 and that @entity158 of predominantly @entity1109 origin may be a useful clinical concept.

title: Can XXXX can be more or less @entity1109 ? Comparison of symptom assessment tools with ratings of certainty by clinicians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'NPS', 'Neuropathic Pain Scale']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the dose of @entity904 currently recommended by the World Health Organization or half this dose gives better protection against childhood morbidity and mortality. DESIGN: Randomised study. SETTING: A combined oral polio vaccine and @entity904 supplementation campaign in Guinea-Bissau, Africa. @entity1 : 4983 @entity1 aged 6 months to 5 years. INTERVENTIONS: One of two doses of @entity904 (recommended and half); oral polio vaccine. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality and morbidity at six and nine months. RESULTS: Mortality was lower in the @entity1 who took half the recommended dose of @entity904 compared with the full dose at both six months (mortality rate ratio 0.69, 95% confidence interval 0.36 to 1.35) and nine months (0.62, 0.36 to 1.06) of follow-up. There was a significant interaction between sex and dose, the lower dose being associated with significantly reduced mortality in @entity1 (0.19, 0.06 to 0.66) but not in @entity1 (1.98, 0.74 to 5.29). The lower dose of @entity904 was consistently associated with lower hospital case fatality in @entity1 (0.19, 0.02 to 1.45). Paradoxically, in @entity1 aged 6-18 months, the low dose was associated with slightly higher morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Half the dose of @entity904 currently recommended by WHO may provide equally good or better protection against mortality but not against morbidity.

title: Randomised study of effect of different doses of XXXX on childhood morbidity and mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

answer: @entity904 :: (MESH:D014801,Chemical) :: ['vitamin A']


abstract: In addition to the role of building block for biological membranes, phospholipids and their metabolites have been implicated in other important cellular functions, such as proliferation and apoptosis. @entity9932 and their precursor, @entity4291 , are thought to play a role in cellular apoptosis. In contrast, the metabolism of @entity13286 and one of their precursors, @entity2434 , is thought to be partly responsible for the opposite effect, cellular proliferation. Quantitative determination of these lipids in biological samples is important in investigating the complicated interactions between these molecules. In this report, we describe a capillary gas chromatographic procedure for the quantitative determination of molecular species of @entity13286 , @entity9932 , @entity2434 , and @entity19846 . Lipid extracts are separated into these classes with a @entity13918 column. @entity13286 and @entity9932 are analyzed as @entity53310 derivatives. @entity2434 and @entity19846 are converted to their @entity2366 and @entity2367 components with sphingomyelinase hydrolysis. Internal standards for each analyzed fraction are used in the procedure. This method is used to determine the lipids in liver homogenate and subcellular fractions, including mitochondria, light mitochondria, and microsomes from young and old Fischer 344 @entity35 . Our data show that the @entity2367 and @entity4291 content is higher in the mitochondria of old @entity35 . This relationship is consistent with the potential role of @entity2367 in mitochondria-induced apoptosis. More study is needed to substantiate this relationship.

title: Quantitation and molecular species determination of XXXX , @entity2434 , @entity9932 , and @entity19846 with gas chromatography.

entities_list: @entity2366 :: ('CHEBI:41847', 'Chemical') :: ['diacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity19846 :: ('MESH:D013109', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelins']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphatidylcholines', 'phosphatidylcholine', 'phosphatidylcholines']

entities_list: @entity53310 :: ('CHEBI:51088', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethylsilyl']

entities_list: @entity13918 :: ('MESH:D058428', 'Chemical') :: ['silica gel']

entities_list: @entity2367 :: ('CHEBI:17761', 'Chemical') :: ['ceramide']

entities_list: @entity13286 :: ('MESH:D004075', 'Chemical') :: ['diacylglycerols', 'Diacylglycerols']

entities_list: @entity9932 :: ('MESH:D002518', 'Chemical') :: ['Ceramides', 'ceramides']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelin']

answer: @entity13286 :: (MESH:D004075,Chemical) :: ['diacylglycerols']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between @entity73 and the performance of handwritten scripts presented as "letter-writing" to a close relative by @entity1 with @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ), as fluctuations of the symptoms phase, and in a matched group of @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ). The degree of @entity717 and personal, spatial, and temporal orientation was compared in these two groups. DESIGN AND METHODS: Fourteen simple questions, designed in a form that could be utilized by any general practitioner in order to document the level of cognitive functioning of each @entity1 , were presented to 30 @entity195 @entity1 and 26 @entity1832 @entity1 . The initial cognition test was designated PQ1. The @entity1 were examined on tests of letter-writing ability. Directly after the letter-writing, the list of 14 questions presented in PQ1 was presented again in a repeated procedure that was designated PQ2. The difference between these two measures (PQ1 - PQ2) was designated D  . This test of letter-writing ability and cognitive performance was administered over 19 days. RESULTS: Several markedly strong relationships between @entity1055 and several measures of cognitive performance in @entity195 @entity1 and @entity1832 @entity1 were observed, but the deterioration of performance from PQ1 to PQ2 over all test days were markedly significant in @entity195 @entity1 and not significant in @entity1832 @entity1 . It is possible that in graphic expression even by @entity1 diagnosed with moderate to relatively severe @entity195 and @entity1832 there remains some residual capacity for understanding and intention that may be expressed. Furthermore, the deterioration in performance and the differences noted in @entity195 and @entity1832 @entity1 may be due to the different speed at which the process of the protein degradation occurs for functional modification of synapses. CONCLUSION: Our method can be used as part of neuropsychological tests to differentiate the diagnosis between @entity195 and @entity1832 .

title: Cognitive fluctuations in connection to @entity1055 : a comparison of XXXX with @entity1832 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['dementia Lewy bodies', 'DLB']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['writing disability']

entities_list: @entity1055 :: ('MESH:D000381', 'Disease') :: ['dysgraphia']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: The influence of antigen retrieval (AR) technique on immunoreactivity in @entity406 -fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues is recognized. In focal reactive overgrowths of oral mucosa, we noted that patterns of immunoreactivity to a fibronectin polyclonal antibody were dependent on methods of AR. To establish these patterns we investigated eight pyogenic @entity738 and eight @entity1127 . In the absence of AR no immunoreactivity was observed. After alpha-chymotrypsin AR a band of intense immunoreactivity was associated with vascular endothelial cells, with either minimal or no staining of connective tissue. After microwave AR immunoreactivity was observed in connective tissue, especially in the subepithelial region, but there was no specific vascular staining. After autoclave AR immunoreactivity was observed in connective tissue and also in epithelial nuclei. To determine if these results represented either changes induced by tissue fixation and processing or exposure of epitopes normally masked in vivo, we investigated frozen sections from two @entity1127 and one @entity2276 . In frozen sections immunoreactivity was observed around vascular endothelial cells and within connective tissue, especially in the subepithelial region, but not in epithelia. This study provides indirect evidence that alpha-chymotrypsin and heat-mediated AR protocols expose different masked epitopes, and reinforces the need to undertake appropriate pilot studies for immunohistochemical investigation of archival tissue.

title: Patterns of immunoreactivity to an anti-fibronectin polyclonal antibody in XXXX -fixed, paraffin-embedded oral tissues are dependent on methods of antigen retrieval.

entities_list: @entity2276 :: ('MESH:D017789', 'Disease') :: ['pyogenic granuloma']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['fibroepithelial polyps']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

answer: @entity406 :: (MESH:D005557,Chemical) :: ['formalin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate adherence to guidelines when choosing an empirical treatment and its impact upon the prognosis of @entity497 ( @entity497 ). METHODS: A prospective multicentre study was conducted in 425 @entity497 @entity1 hospitalized on ward. Initial empirical treatment was classified as adhering or not to Spanish guidelines. Adherent treatment was defined as an initial antimicrobial regimen consisting of @entity7660 plus macrolides, @entity3405 monotherapy and @entity5176 . Non-adherent treatments included @entity7646 monotherapy and other regimens. Initial severity was graded according to @entity55 severity index (PSI). The end point variables were mortality, length of stay (LOS) and re-admission at 30 days. RESULTS: Overall 30-day mortality was 8.2%, the mean LOS was 8+/-5 days, and the global re-admission rate was 7.6%. Adherence to guidelines was 76.5%, and in most cases the empirical treatment consisted of @entity3405 and @entity7646 in combination (57.4%). Logistic regression analysis showed that other regimens were associated with higher mortality OR=3 (1.2-7.3), after adjusting for PSI and admitting hospital. @entity3405 monotherapy was an independent risk factor for re-admission. LOS was independently associated with admitting hospital and not with antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: A high adherence to @entity497 treatment guidelines was found, though with considerable variability in the empirical antibiotic treatment among hospitals. Non-adherent other regimens were associated with greater mortality. @entity3405 monotherapy was associated with an increased re-admission rate.

title: Empiric treatment in hospitalized XXXX . Impact on mortality, length of stay and re-admission.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam', 'Beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolones']

entities_list: @entity7646 :: ('CHEBI:25106', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolide']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity7660 :: ('MESH:D047090', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactams']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of @entity3416 in the treatment of acute exacerbations of @entity66 when used in addition to inhaled beta-agonists and intravenous corticosteroids. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study. @entity1 : One hundred thirty-three adult @entity1 with either @entity565 or @entity1030 who presented to the emergency department with @entity565 or wheezing. INTERVENTIONS: All @entity1 received therapy with both aerosolized @entity28787 and intravenous @entity1667 . @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either a loading dose of @entity3416 followed by a routine infusion (n = 65) or an equal volume of placebo as a loading dose and infusion (n = 68). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: At discharge from the emergency department, the median serum @entity2544 concentration for the @entity3416 group was 54 mumol/L (9.7 mg/L). The two groups showed no differences (P greater than 0.2) in measurements of forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), or peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) at baseline or at 60 or 120 minutes after @entity3416 administration. Neither @entity1 satisfaction nor physician assessment of response to therapy differed between the two groups. There was no difference (P greater than 0.2) in the frequency of side effects, except for a trend toward a higher frequency of @entity390 (P = 0.13) in the @entity3416 group. There was, however, a threefold decrease in the hospital admission rate for @entity1 treated with @entity3416 (6%) compared with placebo recipients (21%) (P = 0.016). CONCLUSION: @entity3416 , in doses producing levels just below the commonly accepted therapeutic range, appears to decrease hospital admissions in @entity1 with acute exacerbation of @entity565 or @entity1030 . This finding, if confirmed in larger studies, may represent a substantial cost savings.

title: @entity3416 therapy for acute XXXX in the emergency room.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl-prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity3416 :: ('MESH:D000628', 'Chemical') :: ['Aminophylline', 'aminophylline']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospastic disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity28787 :: ('MESH:D009921', 'Chemical') :: ['metaproterenol']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['bronchospastic disease']


abstract: Herpes @entity6435 was seen in 22 cases out of 195 cases of herpes zoster (11.3% incidence). It was affecting mainly adults (90.9%). @entity4 over the lids (81.8%) was invariably present and lead to ptosis. @entity6063 , predominantly mucoid (72.7%) was the commonest manifestation associated with vesicles over the lid margins. Sectorial (22.7%) and diffuse (9.1%) @entity3170 appeared in later part of first week, while @entity3170 was observed in one case only on 12th day of the disease. @entity1036 was seen in 31.8% of cases between 8-10 days. @entity5890 and @entity5502 was seen in 45.4% of cases out of which 36.3% had @entity2790 ( @entity726 ). @entity1036 and internal @entity4610 were detected in one @entity1 each. @entity14000 occurred in 22.7% of cases and was uncommon in younger age group (below 40 years, 4.5%). @entity2049 was effective in relieving the @entity158 .

title: Clinical profile of herpes XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['Nummular keratitis', 'Neuroparalytic keratitis']

entities_list: @entity6435 :: ('MESH:D006563', 'Disease') :: ['zoster ophthalmicus']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Oedema']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity6063 :: ('MESH:D003234', 'Disease') :: ['Mucopurulent conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity5502 :: ('MESH:D015863', 'Disease') :: ['iridocyclitis']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['secondary ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmoplegia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['herpetic pain']

entities_list: @entity14000 :: ('MESH:D051474', 'Disease') :: ['Postherpetic neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity3170 :: ('MESH:D015423', 'Disease') :: ['nodular episcleritis', 'episcleritis']

answer: @entity6435 :: (MESH:D006563,Disease) :: ['zoster ophthalmicus']


abstract: Intratracheal injection of Balb/cByJ @entity19 with 10(4) @entity12266 conida produces chronic pulmonary and disseminated @entity17101 characterized by @entity32 . To study the evolution of the @entity358 , @entity19 were killed at varying intervals after inoculation, their lungs cultured and examined histologically. Nodular intraalveolar infiltrates of macrophages (M phi) were seen on Day 1 with occasional admixed polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Phagocytized @entity375 forms within M phi were evident by Day 5. By Day 28 pyogranulomas, which developed first as central microabscesses associated with a peripheral zone of M phi and giant cells containing internalized @entity375 , were a prominent feature of the @entity281 . Lymphocytic and plasmacytic infiltrates, accumulating next to @entity738 , formed the major peripheral component of the @entity738 by Day 35. Formation of pyogranulomas was coincident with the host's failure to contain fungal growth measured by the sharp rise in colony-forming units recovered from lungs. Antibody against @entity12266 was first detected at Day 35 by enzyme immunoassay, but not until Day 63 by double immunodiffusion. During the 4 wk after inoculation, pulmonary lavage fluid contained > 90% M phi and < 3% PMN. On day 28, PMN rose to 17%, reaching 40% on Day 42. These data contribute to our knowledge of this model and help form the basis for investigations into the roles of fungal pathogenic and host defense mechanisms in @entity17101 .

title: Development of @entity358 in XXXX inoculated with @entity12266 conidia.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['pyogranulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas', 'granuloma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity17101 :: ('MESH:D001759', 'Disease') :: ['blastomycosis']

entities_list: @entity12266 :: ('5039', 'Species') :: ['B. dermatitidis', 'Blastomyces dermatitidis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the incidence, bacteriologic characteristics, and antimicrobial resistance in @entity1069 after transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 9568 @entity1 who underwent TRUS-guided biopsy between March 1995 and May 2013. These @entity1 received oral @entity1536 and/or @entity8509 and intramuscular @entity5292 as antibiotic prophylaxis. In @entity1 with @entity1069 , blood and urine cultures were obtained on hospital admission. The incidences of @entity1069 and antimicrobial resistance were examined according to time period. RESULTS: A total of 11,345 cases of TRUS-guided biopsy were performed for 9568 @entity1 . @entity1069 developed in 103 @entity1 (0.91%). In 63 @entity1 , the causative organism was isolated from blood and/or urine culture. The most frequent etiologic organism was @entity526 , which was present in 47 of 49 @entity1 (95.9%) in blood and from 39 of 41 @entity1 (95.1%) in urine. @entity25323 (ESBL)-producing @entity526 were detected continuously since 2008 and found in 10 @entity1 (21.3%) in blood and 8 @entity1 (20.5%) in urine. Forty-four @entity1 (93.6%) in blood and 36 @entity1 (92.3%) in urine of the positive cultures and all cases with ESBL-producing @entity526 infection showed resistance to @entity1536 . ESBL-producing @entity526 were susceptible to @entity2892 , @entity4509 , and @entity3398 . CONCLUSION: In the treatment of @entity1069 after TRUS-guided biopsy, @entity1536 is not an effective antimicrobial of choice. We should take into account antimicrobial-resistant patterns because of the high prevalence of @entity1536 resistance and emergence of an ESBL-producing strain.

title: Incidence and management of @entity25323 and XXXX -resistant @entity526 infections after prostate biopsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['Acute prostatitis', 'acute prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity5292 :: ('D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity25323 :: ('13906541', 'Gene') :: ['Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoxitin']

entities_list: @entity8509 :: ('D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E coli']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolone']

answer: @entity1536 :: (CHEBI:23765,Chemical) :: ['quinolone']


abstract: The relationship between serum lipid levels and measures of @entity1067 was investigated. The study was community based. All the @entity1 had undergone a urological investigation which included International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS) and Quality of Life Score (QoL), serum lipid concentrations and determination of prostate volume with transrectal ultrasonography. Body mass index was calculated with the formula of weight (kg)/surface area (m(2)) respectively. @entity1 were considered @entity28 if their body mass index was over 25 kg/m(2). BPH was defined by prostate volume greater than 20 ml and I-PSS greater than seven. Comparisons of serum lipid levels between @entity1 with BPH and without BPH were done. There was no correlation for serum lipid levels with either mean I-PSS and QoL scores. However, @entity412 and @entity165 levels were the lowest in severe symptomatic @entity1 than @entity1 with low symptoms. Using clinical definition of BPH that prostate volume was greater than 20 ml and I-PSS was greater than seven, @entity1 with BPH had not significantly different serum lipid levels from @entity1 without BPH. Our population-based data reflect that there was no relationship between serum lipid levels and certain physiological measures of lower urinary tract symptoms and clinical @entity1067 .

title: Serum lipid levels in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: CONTEXT: Plasma @entity1063 (NE) and @entity1425 (E) levels are indicators of peripheral sympathetic and adrenomedullary activities, respectively. The sympathoadrenomedullary system is involved in the metabolic response to @entity1735 intake and is affected by aging; however, the relationship between @entity413 metabolism and adrenomedullary activity in older adults remains poorly defined. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the changes in the impact of @entity1735 -rich meals on circulating @entity2661 with aging. DESIGN: After iv @entity413 tolerance testing and 1 d of habituation, blood samples were collected every 10-30 min for 24 h. Daytime hours were spent at bed rest. Sleep was scheduled between 2300 and 0700 h with polygraphic monitoring. SETTING: The study was performed at a general clinical research center. @entity1 : Nine young (age, 20-28 yr) and eight older (age, 50-69 yr) healthy @entity1 participated in this study. INTERVENTION: Identical mixed meals (62% @entity1735 ) were given at 0900, 1400, and 1900 h. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures were 24-h plasma E and NE measurements. RESULTS: The profiles of E and NE were characterized by clear day-night differences, which were preserved in the older group. Young subjects showed a clear dissociation between postprandial adrenomedullary and sympathetic activities characterized by a rapid decline in plasma E and increased NE levels. There was an overall increase in NE levels and markedly dampened postprandial variation in plasma E in the older @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In young adults, postprandial E levels follow a biphasic pattern that is inversely related to that of @entity413 and insulin. Aging is associated with a dysregulation of this response.

title: Impact of @entity1735 -rich meals on plasma XXXX levels: dysregulation with aging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['epinephrine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity649 ( @entity649 ) is a major cause of mortality in intensive care units. As there is raising evidence about immuno-modulatory effects of lipid emulsions required for parenteral nutrition of @entity649 @entity1 , we sought to investigate whether infusion of conventional @entity1460 oil (SO)-based or fish oil (FO)-based lipid emulsions rich in either n-6 or @entity9539 , respectively, may influence @entity55 . METHODS: In a randomized controlled, single-blinded pilot study, forty-two volunteers received SO, FO, or normal saline for two days. Thereafter, volunteers inhaled pre-defined doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) followed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) 8 or 24 h later. In the @entity19 model of LPS-induced @entity651 a possible involvement of @entity24655 ( @entity24655 ) receptor @entity58983 was investigated. Wild-type and @entity58983 knockout @entity19 were infused with both lipid emulsions and challenged with LPS intratracheally. RESULTS: In volunteers receiving lipid emulsions, the @entity844 profile in the plasma and in isolated neutrophils and monocytes was significantly changed. Adhesion of isolated monocytes to endothelial cells was enhanced after infusion of SO and reduced by FO, however, no difference of infusion on an array of surface adhesion molecules was detected. In neutrophils and monocytes, LPS-elicited generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines increased in the SO and decreased in the FO group. LPS inhalation in volunteers evoked an increase in neutrophils in BAL fluids, which decreased faster in the FO group. While @entity637 in the BAL was increased in the SO group, @entity3806 decreased faster in the FO group. In the @entity19 model of @entity651 , effects of FO similar to the volunteer group observed in wild-type @entity19 were abrogated in @entity58983 knockout @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: After infusion of conventional lipid emulsions, leukocytes exhibited increased adhesive and pro-inflammatory features. In contrast, FO-based lipid emulsions reduced monocyte adhesion, decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines, and neutrophil recruitment into the alveolar space possibly mediated by @entity58983 -signaling. Lipid emulsions thus exert differential effects in @entity1 volunteers and @entity19 in vivo. TRIAL REGISTRATION: DRKS00006131 at the German Clinical Trial Registry, 2014/05/14.

title: Immunomodulation by lipid emulsions in XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['subsequent pulmonary inflammation']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['Acute respiratory distress syndrome', 'ARDS']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity9539 :: ('MESH:D015525', 'Chemical') :: ['n-3 fatty acids']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pulmonary inflammation']


abstract: Activation of the trigeminovascular @entity158 signalling system appears involved in @entity2704 pathophysiology. However, the molecular mechanisms are only partially known. Stimulation of @entity268 and @entity6708 production as well as inhibition of their breakdown induce @entity2704 . Additionally, @entity2704 may be associated with mutations in ion channels. The aim of the present study was to describe the expression of @entity14888 ( @entity14888 ) and 5 (PDE5) and cyclic @entity377 -gated ion channels (CNG) in cerebral arteries, meninges, and the trigeminal ganglion. mRNA for PDE and CNG was determined in the @entity35 middle cerebral artery, basilar artery, trigeminal ganglion, and dura mater using real-time PCR. PDE and CNG proteins were identified using Western blot. For comparison, @entity35 aorta and mesenteric artery were analysed. @entity21252 , @entity21253 , and @entity32040 mRNA were detected in all tissues examined except for @entity21252 mRNA in dura mater and the trigeminal ganglion. @entity32040 and @entity21252 protein expression was present in both cerebral and peripheral arteries, whereas @entity21253 protein was present only in the cerebral arteries. The @entity61345 and B1 subunit mRNAs were detected in cerebral arteries and @entity61346 also in the mesenteric artery. @entity61346 and A3 proteins were found in cerebral arteries and dura and @entity31261 , @entity61346 and @entity61347 in the trigeminal ganglion. In conclusion, @entity21252 , @entity21253 , @entity32040 , and five CNG subunits were expressed in several components of the trigeminovascular system of the @entity35 . This suggests that modulation of @entity268 and @entity6708 levels by PDE and activation of CNG may play a role in trigeminovascular @entity158 signalling leading to @entity2704 .

title: @entity14888 and 5 and cyclic XXXX -gated ion channel expression in @entity35 trigeminovascular system.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine headache', 'migraine', 'migraine-like headache']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: The "Barker hypothesis" suggests that low birth weight might predict future risk of developing @entity28 , @entity65 , and type 2 @entity6 . Identification of the causes of fetal growth restriction (FGR) is critical for preventive and management strategies. Some studies indicate that maternal @entity1735 metabolism might be involved in FGR development. We aimed to evaluate, in a large number of normotensive pregnant @entity1 with normal @entity413 tolerance, the effect of insulin sensitivity and b-cell function on unexplained fetal growth. A total of 1,814 Caucasian pregnant @entity1 with normal prepregnancy body mass index were tested with a 75-g, 2-h @entity413 load (24-28 gestation wk). Insulin sensitivity was evaluated with fasting (QUICKI) and dynamic index (OGIS) and b-cell function with a modified insulinogenic index as /\AUC(insulin)//\AUC( @entity413 ) and disposition index. FGR was a birth weight below the 5th percentile for gestational age. FGR developed in 99 (5.5%) pregnant @entity1 that showed significantly higher QUICKI, OGIS, insulinogenic, and disposition index with respect to @entity1 with normal-weight babies (P < 0.0001). By using multiple regression analysis in the FRG group, QUICKI and OGIS appeared as significant independent variables (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0366, respectively). We conclude that @entity1720 seems to be one of the factors involved in determining unexplained fetal @entity851 ; its assessment, even only in the fasting state, could be useful to guide any possible monitoring and therapeutic strategies to reduce fetal complications.

title: XXXX and b-cell function during pregnancy in mothers of growth-restricted newborns.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['elevated insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1720 :: (MESH:D007333,Disease) :: ['Elevated insulin sensitivity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Important in the @entity5 therapy is the increasingly use of complementary/alternative medicine (CAM). The current study aims to establish the extent of use, the types of therapies employed, factors influencing, the reasons for choosing and the cost of CAM used in pediatric @entity5 @entity1 in our clinic in Ankara, @entity233 . PROCEDURE: A detailed questionnaire regarding demographic data and information about the use of CAM was completed by 95 @entity1 who have attended the clinic between 1999 and 2000. RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity1 (51.6%) had used one or more than one type of CAM. The most frequent (71.4%) was herbal medicine and biologic intake (stinging nettle, plant essence, honey of Anzer). The second one was religious therapy (40.8%). No correlation could be found between the use of CAM and parents education status, the level of income, number of siblings, the prognosis of the disease, the rate of satisfaction with the level of information given by the doctor at the time of diagnosis or the belief in the information given by the doctor about the prognosis (P > 0.05). All @entity1 used CAM in addition to conventional therapy. CONCLUSIONS: More than half of the @entity1 used CAM, with stinging nettle being the most common agent. Our @entity1 place a high level of trust in their physicians and the conventional therapies offered by them; however, they also believe that the complementary therapies are harmless and, therefore, worth trying.

title: Complementary/alternative medicine use in a pediatric oncology unit in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the role of @entity2215 and @entity517 , @entity876 ,ER,PR in @entity1204 . METHODS: The expression of @entity2215 , @entity517 mRNA, @entity876 protein, ER and PR examined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in 14 cases of @entity1869 , 8 of @entity1373 and 52 with @entity1204 . RESULTS: (1) The positive rate of @entity2215 in simple, complex, @entity1373 and @entity189 were 14.3% (2/14), 50.0% (4/8), 80.0% (8/10) and 92.3% (48/52), respectively. The prevalence and intensity of @entity2215 signal were greater in the @entity189 and @entity1373 than those in @entity1869 (P<0.05). The expressions of @entity517 and @entity876 were similar to that of @entity2215 . (2) The expressions of @entity2215 , @entity517 , @entity876 and PR were significantly correlated with @entity5 differentiation. The expressions of @entity517 and @entity876 in type I were significantly different from those in type II. The expression of @entity517 with lymph node @entity3 was significantly higher than that without @entity3 . (3) The positive correlation between @entity2215 and @entity517 was found in @entity1204 (r=0.398 8, P<0.05); It was also found between @entity2215 and @entity876 in @entity1204 (r=1.000, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The expressions of @entity2215 , @entity517 and @entity876 may be involved in the progression from the @entity1869 to @entity5 . They may also be associated with the prognosis of @entity1204 . @entity517 and @entity876 may play a role in the transcriptive activation of @entity2215 gene in @entity1204 .

title: [Human telomerase @entity876 estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial carcinoma carcinogenesis', 'type II endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['atypical hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial atypical hyperplasia', 'endometrial simple hyperplasia, 10 of complex hyperplasia', 'simple or complex hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Numerous studies have been performed with @entity310 @entity15646 ( @entity40610 ) single nuclear polymorphism (SNP) to evaluate the risk of @entity1252 in various ethnicities. However, the significance of @entity310 @entity15646 in both clinical and laboratory studies of the disease remains unclear. METHODS: Using a high-resolution melting curve analysis, we assessed the prevalence of @entity310 @entity15646 SNP in @entity1252 @entity1 (n = 262) and controls (n = 528) in a Polish population. We also assessed the contribution of this SNP to various clinical symptoms and the presence of autoantibodies in @entity1252 @entity1 . RESULTS: The p-value obtained using a   (2) test for the trend of @entity310 @entity15646 was statistically significant (ptrend = 0.0297). However, using logistic regression analysis for the presence of the @entity1533 *03:01 haplotype, we observed that the @entity310 @entity15646 SNP may be the @entity1533 *03:01-dependent risk factor of @entity1252 in the Polish population. There was a significant contribution of @entity310 -308 A/A and A/G genotypes to @entity625 OR = [2.692 (1.503-4.822, p = 0.0007, pcorr = 0.0119)] as well as renal @entity1252 manifestation OR = [2.632 (1.575-4.397, p = 0.0002, pcorr = 0.0034)]. There was a significant association between @entity310 -308 A/A and A/G genotypes and the presence of anti-Ro antibodies (Ab) OR = 3.375(1.711-6.658, p = 0.0003, pcorr = 0.0051). However, the logistic regression analysis revealed that only renal manifestations and the presence of anti-anti-Ro antibodies remained significant after adjustment to the presence of the @entity1533 *03:01 haplotype. CONCLUSION: Our studies indicate that the @entity310 @entity15646 polymorphism may be a @entity1533 *03:01 haplotype-dependent genetic risk factor for @entity1252 . However, this SNP was independently associated with renal manifestations and production of anti-Ro Ab.

title: TNF XXXX polymorphism and risk of @entity1252 in the Polish population.

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

answer: @entity15646 :: (c|SUB|G|-308|A,DNAMutation) :: ['-308 G/A']


abstract: @entity1 and animal experiments performed recently have resulted in a more detailed understanding of limb movement and body @entity74 associated with @entity76 . The delay in movement initiation can be explained by a delay in onset of phasic motor cortex neural discharge owing to decreased input from the cerebellar hemispheres. @entity717 ( @entity6447 ), which can occur for movements at proximal and distal joints, result from disturbances of the timing and intensity of antagonist electromyographic (EMG) activity necessary to break the movement. Disorders in velocity and acceleration of limb movements result from muscular activity that is smaller in amplitude and more prolonged. The cerebellum is important for control of constant force but not for generation of maximal force. Dysdiadochokinesia is explained by a combination of the above mentioned mechanisms. During complex movements in three-dimensional space, the cerebellum contributes to timing between single components of a movement, scales the size of muscular action, and coordinates the sequence of agonists and antagonists. The basic structure of motor programs is not generated in the cerebellum. @entity2421 can be observed only in @entity76 . Cerebellar @entity400 appears to result from a central mechanism, but is modulated or provoked through increased long-loop EMG responses. The common assumption that @entity6447 of stance does not improve with visual feedback is true only of @entity75 , not for @entity2055 resulting from atrophy of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum.

title: Pathophysiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['vestibulocerebellar lesions']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar dysfunction', 'acute cerebellar lesions']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['posture disorders']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['dysmetria', 'cerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Disorders of movement termination']

answer: @entity6447 :: (MESH:D002524,Disease) :: ['cerebellar ataxia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the response rate for intravesical @entity136 given in three different schedules to @entity1 with recurrent @entity189 of the @entity1494 Stage Ta, grade 1-2, in whom all but one marker lesion was removed. Furthermore, we sought to define the safety profile. METHODS: This was a multicenter, open-label, randomized, Phase II study in which @entity136 2000 mg in 100 mL of unbuffered saline was instilled as a single dose (n = 11), two doses per week for 3 weeks (n = 11), or once weekly for 6 weeks (n = 10). Efficacy was evaluated using cystoscopy after 9 weeks. @entity137 was evaluated by assessing the liver, kidney, bone marrow, and coagulation function at defined intervals and by questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 32 @entity1 were included, 2 of whom were subsequently excluded because of protocol violations. The overall complete remission rate was 31%. The respective subgroup response rate was 10% in the single-dose group, 44% in the once-weekly group, and 40% in the twice-weekly group. The most common side effect was @entity390 . One @entity1 withdrew because of @entity390 and fever, and an additional 2 @entity1 had reversible hematologic @entity137 (mild @entity882 causing delayed instillation and mild @entity417 ). The side effects were generally in the multiple-dose groups, with an overrepresentation in @entity1 . Ten @entity1 were unable to retain the drug intravesically for the full hour. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study have shown that @entity136 has a @entity5 ablative effect when given intravesically for @entity150 . A single dose seemed ineffective, and the multiple dosing regimens seemed effective. The side effects were generally mild.

title: Randomized phase II marker lesion study evaluating effect of scheduling on response to intravesical @entity136 in recurrent Stage Ta urothelial cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['multiple carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the bladder']


abstract: The optimal dose of oral @entity3974 for the prevention of acute chemotherapy-induced @entity1209 (CINV) resulting from @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ) is unknown. This retrospective audit was conducted to determine the efficacy of 8 mg oral @entity3974 plus 8 mg oral @entity619 as pre-chemotherapy anti-emetic regimen for @entity1 receiving @entity7730 . The efficacy outcomes analysed were the proportion of @entity1 with no acute @entity391 , proportion of @entity1 with no acute @entity390 and the incidence of grade 3 or 4 CINV. A total of 81 @entity1 were identified. The most frequent chemotherapy regimens received in the study population were @entity4349 - (48%) and @entity3003 -based (28%). No acute @entity391 and @entity390 rates in the study population were 75% and 44% respectively. The incidence of grade 3 CINV was 1%. @entity1 who received @entity4349 -based regimens had a significantly higher incidence of acute emesis (P= 0.001) and @entity390 (P < 0.0001) when compared with @entity1 who received non- @entity4349 -based regimens. In this study, the use of 8 mg oral @entity3974 plus 8 mg oral @entity619 achieved control of acute emesis in 75% of all @entity1 receiving @entity7730 which is comparable to previously reported rates of 70-80%. The benefits of using oral pre-chemotherapy anti-emetics include reduction in the costs of drugs and nursing administration time.

title: The efficacy of oral @entity3974 and @entity619 for the prevention of acute chemotherapy-induced @entity1209 associated with XXXX - a retrospective audit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['MEC', 'moderately emetogenic chemotherapy']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity7730 :: (MESH:D064146,Disease) :: ['moderately emetogenic chemotherapy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of a semi-permeable mesh implant in the treatment of @entity158 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity158 which were refractory to conventional medical management and less than 3   months of age were considered possible candidates for this vertebral augmentation technique. Data recorded for the procedure included @entity1 age, gender, fracture level and morphology, mesh implant size, amount of cement injected, cement extravasation, complications, and pre- and post-procedure numeric @entity158 scores and @entity717 Index (ODI) scores. RESULTS: 17 @entity1 were included in this retrospective study; 12 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 , with an average age of 78.6   years. Each @entity1 had one level treated with the mesh implant; 4 thoracic levels and 13 lumbar levels. The 10*15   mm implant was used in 13 treated vertebrae, including the two thoracic vertebrae; the 10*20   mm implant was used to treat 3 lumbar vertebrae, and one 10*25   mm implant was used to treat an L1 vertebra. An average of 2.4   mL of acrylic bone cement was injected, and there was fluoroscopic evidence of a small amount of cement leakage in one case. No @entity1 related complications were seen and there were no device failures. All @entity1 , followed-up to at least 3   weeks, showed significant @entity158 relief. The average pretreatment numeric @entity158 score of 9 and ODI of 50 decreased to an average post-treatment score of 0.6 and 12, respectively (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3574 with a semi-permeable mesh stent implant can be used to effectively and safely treat @entity3814 within the lower thoracic and lumbar spine.

title: Use and evaluation of a semi-permeable mesh implant in vertebral augmentation for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3574 :: ('OMIM:277300', 'Disease') :: ['Vertebral augmentation']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful thoracic and lumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures']


abstract: Abstract MicroRNAs can function as @entity5 suppressor miRNAs. @entity588 is an antiapoptotic gene overexpressed in many @entity5 , including @entity189 ( @entity189 ). It is reported that @entity8918 ( @entity8918 ) and @entity8917 ( @entity8917 ) could act as @entity588 inhibitors. To investigate their effects on @entity189 , the authors used recombinant lentiviral vector to upregulate the expression of @entity8918 /16-1 in @entity189 CNE-2Z cells. The authors divided cells into the control group, transfection group, radiotherapy group, and transfection-radiotherapy group. In this experiment, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of @entity8918 /16-1 and @entity588 mRNA. Cell proliferation was analyzed by @entity98 assay. Flow cytometry was used to measure cell apoptosis. Radiosensitivity was measured using colony-forming experiment. The protein expression of @entity588 was measured by western blot, the activation levels of caspase were detected by a spectrophotometric method. After transfection, cell proliferation was inhibited, while the apoptosis rate and radiosensitivity were increased. In addition, the activation of @entity15097 and @entity522 was aggrandized correspondingly. Although the expression levels of @entity588 mRNA in each group had no difference, the protein expression of @entity588 was downregulated. These results suggested that @entity8918 /16-1 could inhibit cell proliferation and increase the apoptosis and radiosensitivity of CNE-2 cells, by regulating the @entity588 gene at post-transcriptional level and by increasing the activation of @entity15097 and @entity522 .

title: Influence of Recombinant Lentiviral Vector Encoding @entity8918 /16-1 in Biological Features of Human XXXX CNE-2Z Cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma']


abstract: Tissue remodeling is a key element in the local invasion and metastasis of malignant @entity0 . The degradation of extracellular matrix that is associated with this process is thought to be mediated by a number of @entity8862 -dependent matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In most cases these enzymes are not produced by the malignant epithelium itself but by adjacent breast stroma, suggesting an important role for cell-cell interactions. We have analyzed Gelatinase A ( @entity1476 ) and Gelatinase B ( @entity1495 ) gene expression in a panel of six @entity0 cell lines and six primary cultures of stromal cells deriving from @entity0 biopsies. With one exception we did not detect @entity1476 or @entity1495 gene expression in any of the established @entity5 cell lines. Conversely, @entity5 stroma-derived fibroblasts expressed @entity1476 mRNA. although no @entity1495 mRNA was seen in RNase protection assays. When fibroblasts were cultured in the presence of media conditioned by MCF-7 @entity5 cells, @entity1476 enzyme production increased but @entity1495 activity remained undetectable. However, when fibroblasts and MCF-7 @entity5 cells were co-cultured together, @entity1495 was induced. These observations were confirmed by immunocytochemical analysis of co-cultures of MCF-7 and @entity5 -derived fibroblasts in which @entity1476 and @entity1495 protein expression was confined to stromal cells adjacent to MCF-7 @entity5 cells. No @entity1476 or @entity1495 staining was detected in monocultures of the two respective cell types. We conclude that @entity1476 expression is present in the stroma of @entity5 and is increased by paracrine stimulation mediated by soluble factors. In contrast, @entity1495 expression @entity5 -derived fibroblasts requires direct contact with malignant @entity5 epithelium.

title: @entity1476 and XXXX expression in @entity0 -derived human fibroblasts is differentially regulated by stromal-epithelial interactions.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors']

answer: @entity1495 :: (4318,Gene) :: ['MMP-9']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate if changing the biopsy regime to 10 cores might improve the positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of elevated prostate-specific antigen [PSA, elevated range, 4 to 20 ng per ml, normal range, < 4 ng per ml] for the diagnosis of @entity263 . METHODS: From February 2000 to April 2001, 191 @entity1 , mean age 64 years [range, 38 to 85 yr], underwent transrectal ultrasound [TRUS] for either elevated PSA [elevated range, 4 to 20 ng per ml] and/or abnormal digital rectal examination [DRE]. A 10-core TRUS-guided biopsy of the prostate was performed. This included the standard sextant biopsy and two additional cores for each far lateral zone. RESULTS: Using this technique, 47 out of 191 @entity1 [24.6%] had @entity263 . The @entity2286 for PSA levels of 4.1 to 10.0 ng per ml and 10.1 to 20.0 ng per ml were 19.3% and 35.4%, respectively. The lateral cores contributed 21.3% of the @entity5 cases, which would have been missed if only sextant biopsies were performed. CONCLUSIONS: With the 10-core biopsy method, the @entity2286 for @entity263 for @entity1 with a PSA in the range of 4 to 20 ng per ml was in the range of 25%. This is significantly different from previous reports. The reason for this may be due to the adoption of a better, more uniform and systematic biopsy strategy for @entity1 with elevated PSA, or it may be a true reflection of the current population incidence. Hence, this biopsy strategy is highly recommended.

title: Improved detection rate of XXXX using the 10-core biopsy strategy in Singapore.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The maximum @entity5 thickness is the most important prognostic factor in @entity320 . However, the clinical outcome of @entity320 remains unpredictable. Therefore, we investigated possible prognostic markers in this subset of @entity320 . From a @entity320 data base, 12 @entity1 with thick (> 3 mm) stage I nodular @entity320 of the skin were identified, who were still without signs of progression after five years of follow-up. These @entity5 were compared to randomly selected series of 12 cases, who did not survive the first five years after @entity5 . We performed immunostaining for the @entity876 -protein and the proliferation associated Ki-67-antigen. For quantification of immunostaining the @entity5 were entirely scanned. In addition, all @entity5 were investigated for any differences with conventionally applied prognostic features: the @entity5 thickness: the level of invasion; the prognostic index ( @entity5 thickness multiplied by mitotic count); and the mean volume-weighted mean nuclear volume. We demonstrated significant differences between survivors and non-survivors exclusively in respect of the staining indices for @entity876 and Ki-67 (P < 0.03 and 0.02, respectively). With both antibodies the @entity5 of survivors showed lower counts as compared to non-survivors survivors. However, within both groups we found no significant correlations between the @entity876 - and Ki-67-staining results. We conclude that immunostaining for @entity876 -protein and Ki-67-antigen is helpful to identify individuals with @entity320 who are at risk of @entity3 .

title: @entity876 -protein and Ki-67-antigen expression are both reliable biomarkers of XXXX of the skin.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanomas of the skin', 'melanoma', 'melanomas', 'thick nodular melanomas']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['prognosis in thick stage I nodular melanomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has great potential for the management of @entity102 and the analysis of clinical and administrative health care data. @entity565 is a @entity102 associated with substantial morbidity, mortality, and health care use. Epidemiologic data from all over the world show an increasing prevalence of @entity565 morbidity and mortality despite the availability of effective treatment. These facts led to the emergence of strategies developed to improve the quality of @entity565 care. THE OBJECTIVE: To develop an efficient tool for quality assurance and @entity102 management using a Geographic Information System (GIS). GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION: The southern region of Israel. January 1998 - October 2000. DATABASES: Administrative claims data of the largest HMO in Israel: drug dispensing registry, demographic data, Emergency Room visits, and hospitalization data bases. METHODS: We created a list of six markers for inadequate pharmaceutical treatment of childhood @entity565 from the Israeli clinical guidelines. We used this list to search the drug dispensing registry to identify @entity748 @entity1 who received inadequate treatment and to assess their health care utilization and bad outcomes: emergency room visits and hospitalizations. Using GIS we created thematic maps on which we located the clinics with a high percentage of @entity1 for whom the treatment provided was not in adherence with the clinical guidelines. RESULTS: 81% of the @entity1 were found to have at least one marker for inadequate treatment; 17.5% were found to have more than one marker. @entity1 with markers were found to have statistically significant higher rates of Emergency Room visits, hospitalizations and longer length of stay in hospital compared with @entity1 without markers. The maps show in a robust way which clinics provided treatment not in accord with the clinical guidelines. Those clinics have high rates of Emergency Room visits, hospitalizations and length of stay. CONCLUSION: Integration of clinical guidelines, administrative data and GIS can create an efficient interface between administrative and clinical information. This tool can be used for allocating sites for quality assurance interventions.

title: Defining localities of inadequate treatment for childhood XXXX : a GIS approach.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Injuries are the leading cause of @entity204 and disability among @entity1 under age 35 in the United States. Despite great strides in injury prevention over the decades, injuries result in 150,000 @entity204 , 2.6 million hospitalizations, and 36 million visits to the emergency room each year. Reducing the @entity130 describes the cost and magnitude of the injury problem in America and looks critically at the current response by the public and private sectors, including: Data and surveillance needs. Research priorities. @entity130 care systems development. Infrastructure support, including training for injury professionals. Firearm safety. Coordination among federal agencies. The @entity4858 and establish boundaries for the field regarding intentional injuries. This book highlights the crosscutting nature of the injury field, identifies opportunities to leverage resources and expertise of the numerous parties involved, and discusses issues regarding leadership at the federal level.

title: Reducing the XXXX : Advancing Prevention and Treatment

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'Burden of Injury']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['authors define the field of injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Burden of Injury']


abstract: The objective of this study was to analyze the extent of stressful life events' etiology and to compare socio-demographic and medical characteristics of the presence and absence of stress in Turkish @entity5 @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity5 who attended ambulatory @entity1 care units answered the questionnaires. Medical information was reviewed from chart data. The study population comprised 465 @entity1 (60.5%) and 303 @entity1 (39.5%), in total 768 cases. The median age was 53 years, ranging between 18 and 94. Three-hundred and twenty @entity1 (41.7%) had at least one type of stress since last year of the time of initial diagnosis. Among @entity1 had stress, the median number of stress modalities presented was 1 (range 1-6). @entity204 , lack of livelihood, quarrel, illness, and debt almost always consisted of stress types. History of stress within last year was found more in @entity1 (66.3% vs. 56.5%, P = 0.006) and overweight @entity1 (57.5% vs. 47.2%, P = 0.005). Similarly, among @entity5 types, only @entity1 with @entity0 (41.9% vs. 31.7%, P = 0.04) had lived more stressful situation. However, the married @entity1 (72.2% vs. 80.6%, P = 0.03) had less stress. @entity1 with @entity356 had more frequent debt (29.0%, P < 0.001) and lack of livelihood history (21.4%, P = 0.001). Additionally, in @entity2 @entity1 , their rate of livelihood difficulty was highly less than average (2.4%, P = 0.003). We found that overweight @entity1 had more illness history (68.9% vs. 51.6%, P = 0.004), @entity1 who were not working had more @entity204 history (89.7% vs. 78%, P = 0.01), and female @entity1 had more quarrel history (78.2% vs. 60.5%, P = 0.002). Likewise, history of debt in @entity1 who is a member of large family (56.2% vs. 27.4%, P = 0.01) was more frequent. Additionally, the lack of livelihood was prominent in urban @entity1 (92.8% vs. 78.6%, P = 0.002) and in @entity1 with low income (48.5% vs. 66.7%, P = 0.004). The question of whether or not psychological factors originated from stressful life events have an influence on @entity5 initiation and progression is still unanswered after several decades of research. Future studies might benefit from better well-designed articulated hypotheses, prospective design, and large study populations to ensure adequate knowledge.

title: The major stressful life events and @entity5 : stress history and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is compelling evidence for a parenchymal origin of the predominant cell lineage leading from preneoplastic clear and acidophilic glycogen storage foci through mixed and basophilic cell populations to @entity157 in the @entity35 . However, a controversial question remains to be answered: Do the basophilic cell foci invariably originate from parenchymal cells or do oval cells also have the potential to give rise to this type of focus and progress to hepatocellular @entity5 ? Oval cells are nonparenchymal epithelial cells with scant cytoplasm and ovoid nuclei that first appear in the periportal areas of the liver lobules and thereafter invade the whole parenchyma when animals are exposed to high doses of a wide range of chemical carcinogens. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Two oval cell lines, OC/CDE 6 and OC/CDE 22, which had been established from @entity35 fed a @entity1877 -deficient/ @entity61800 -supplemented diet for 6 or 22 weeks, were transformed either by leaving the cells in confluence for a long time period (OC/CDE 6) or by treating the cells with the alkylating agent @entity2482 . The transformed cells were injected subcutaneously in newborn @entity35 and the @entity5 developing in these animals were analyzed histopathologically, ultrastructurally, and immunohistochemically. RESULTS: The two transformed oval cell lines gave rise to @entity189 , in which cholangiocellular, adenoid and solid @entity5 formations were observed. Subpopulations of these @entity5 expressed cytokeratins 7, 8, 18, and 19, but were albumin- and alpha-fetoprotein-negative. Areas within the @entity189 derived from transformed OC/CDE 22 cells representing undifferentiated @entity96 formations were also identified. Cells within these areas had lower nucleus/cytoplasm ratios than cells in the solid growing @entity5 formations, stained positive for cytokeratins 8 and 18 and were cytokeratin 7- and 19-, albumin- and alpha-fetoprotein-negative. Ultrastructurally, these cells did not resemble those of differentiated @entity157 . CONCLUSIONS: It has been shown that oval cells are precursor cells of @entity189 containing cholangiocellular, adenoid and solid formations which may be largely undifferentiated. However, the transformed OC/CDE 6 or OC/CDE 22 cells do not serve as precursor cells of differentiated @entity157 .

title: Oval cell lines OC/CDE 6 and OC/CDE 22 give rise to XXXX after transformation.

entities_list: @entity61800 :: ('CHEBI:68664', 'Chemical') :: ['DL-ethionine']

entities_list: @entity2482 :: ('MESH:D008769', 'Chemical') :: ["N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine"]

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['cholangio-cellular and undifferentiated carcinomas']


abstract: We have used photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of 56 @entity1 with recurrent @entity11 who had failed radiation therapy and who were candidates for palliative reoperation. There were 34 males and 22 females; their mean age was 41 years and the mean Karnofsky score was 79. Thirty-two @entity1 had @entity463 ( @entity463 ), 14 had @entity5 ( @entity5 ), 6 had @entity11 ( @entity11 ), and 4 had @entity424 ( @entity424 ). @entity7170 photosensitizer was administered intravenously (i.v.) 12-36 hours prior to photoillumination. All @entity1 had the recurrent @entity5 subtotally resected or cyst drained at surgery followed by intraoperative cavitary photoillumination. In 15 cases @entity1986 using fibers with 2 cm diffusing tips supplemented the cavitary illumination. The total light energy delivered ranged from 440 to 4,500 Joules (J) (median = 1,800 J). The energy administered ranged from 120 to 150 J per fiber and the linear energy density ranged from 65 to 450 J/cm. The energy density ranged from 8 to 110 J/cm2 (median = 38 J/cm2). There were two postoperative deaths and three @entity1 were left with a persistent increase in their postoperative @entity51 . The post-PDT median survival of @entity1 with recurrent @entity463 was 30 weeks with a 1- and 2-year actuarial survival of 18% and 0%, respectively. The median survival of @entity1 with recurrent @entity463 from first diagnosis was 118 weeks with a 1- and 2-year actuarial survival of 82% and 57%, respectively. The post-PDT median survival of @entity1 with recurrent @entity5 was 44 weeks with a 1- and 2-year actuarial survival of 43% and 36%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Photodynamic therapy for recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma', 'EP']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant astrocytoma', 'MA']

entities_list: @entity7170 :: ('CHEBI:8337', 'Chemical') :: ['Porphyrin']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mixed glioma', 'supratentorial gliomas', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial photoillumination']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['supratentorial gliomas']


abstract: Recent genetic studies have associated members of the @entity3499 ( @entity3499 ) gene family with premature @entity65 . The disease-associated polymorphisms lead to single @entity535 changes in @entity37220 ( @entity58393 ) and @entity3499 ( @entity58394 ). These substitutions reside in adjacent domains of these highly homologous proteins. Secondary structural predictive programs and the homology of the domains harboring these @entity535 substitutions to those in other proteins pointed to potential alterations of putative @entity141 binding sites that reside in close proximity to the polymorphic @entity1522 . Since @entity141 binding is critical for the structure and function of @entity3499 family members, direct evidence for differences in @entity141 binding by the polymorphic forms was sought. Using synthetic peptides and purified recombinant variant fragments bearing the @entity535 substitutions, we measured differences in @entity48712 luminescence as an index of @entity141 binding. The Tb3+ binding constants placed the @entity3499 region affected by @entity58394 polymorphism among other high-affinity @entity141 binding sites. The affinity of @entity141 binding was lower for peptides (3.5-fold) and recombinant fragments (10-fold) containing the S700 vs. the N700 form. In @entity37220 , the P387 form acquired an additional @entity141 binding site absent in the A387 form. The results of our study suggest that both substitutions ( @entity58393 in @entity37220 and @entity58394 in @entity3499 ) alter @entity141 binding properties. Since these substitutions exert the opposite effects on @entity141 binding, a decrease in @entity3499 and an increase in @entity37220 , the two @entity3499 variants are likely to influence cardiovascular functions in distinct but yet pathogenic ways.

title: Polymorphisms @entity58393 in @entity37220 and @entity58394 in XXXX -1 perturb calcium binding sites.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity3499 :: (7057,Gene) :: ['thrombospondin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Some @entity9546 complexes of @entity815 of general formula [M(C9H10NO2)2]; where M=Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), @entity8863 and @entity43813 are prepared in aqueous medium and characterized by spectroscopic, thermo-gravimetric (TG) and magnetic susceptibility analysis. Density functional theory (DFT) has been employed calculating the equilibrium geometries and vibrational frequencies of those complexes at B3LYP level of theory using 6-31G(d) and SDD basis sets. In addition, frontier molecular orbital and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations are performed with CAM-B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) and B3LYP/SDD level of theories. Thermo-gravimetric analysis confirms the composition of the complexes by comparing the experimental and calculated data for C, H, N and metals. Experimental and computed IR results predict a significant change in vibrational frequencies of metal- @entity815 complexes compared to free ligand. DFT calculation confirms that Mn, Co, Ni and Cu complexes form square planar structure whereas Zn adopts distorted tetrahedral geometry. The metal- @entity26 bonds in the optimized geometry of all complexes are shorter compared to the metal-nitrogen bonds which is consistent with a previous study. Cation-binding energy, enthalpy and Gibbs free energy indicates that these complexes are thermodynamically stable. UV-vis and TD-DFT studies reveal that these complexes demonstrate representative metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and d-d transitions bands. TG analysis and IR spectra of the metal complexes strongly support the absence of water in crystallization. Magnetic susceptibility data of the complexes exhibits that all except @entity43813 complex are high spin paramagnetic.

title: Interaction between @entity9546 and XXXX : A combined experimental and computational study.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity9546 :: ('CHEBI:27081', 'Chemical') :: ['transition metal']

answer: @entity815 :: (CHEBI:28044,Chemical) :: ['phenylalanine']


abstract: @entity4357 ( @entity18862 ) make up only a small fraction of cellular phospholipids, yet they control almost all aspects of a cell's life and @entity204 . These lipids gained tremendous research interest as plasma membrane signaling molecules when discovered in the 1970s and 1980s. Research in the last 15 years has added a wide range of biological processes regulated by @entity18862 , turning these lipids into one of the most universal signaling entities in eukaryotic cells. @entity18862 control organelle biology by regulating vesicular trafficking, but they also modulate lipid distribution and metabolism via their close relationship with lipid transfer proteins. @entity18862 regulate ion channels, pumps, and transporters and control both endocytic and exocytic processes. The nuclear @entity4357 have grown from being an epiphenomenon to a research area of its own. As expected from such pleiotropic regulators, derangements of @entity7425 metabolism are responsible for a number of @entity1 diseases ranging from rare @entity74 to the most common ones such as @entity5 , @entity28 , and @entity6 . Moreover, it is increasingly evident that a number of infectious agents hijack the PI regulatory systems of host cells for their intracellular movements, replication, and assembly. As a result, PI converting enzymes began to be noticed by pharmaceutical companies as potential therapeutic targets. This review is an attempt to give an overview of this enormous research field focusing on major developments in diverse areas of basic science linked to cellular physiology and disease.

title: XXXX : tiny lipids with giant impact on cell regulation.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity7425 :: ('CHEBI:18179', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoinositide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorders']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoinositides', 'Phosphoinositides']

answer: @entity4357 :: (MESH:D010716,Chemical) :: ['Phosphoinositides']


abstract: In this study radioimmunoassay, immunohistochemistry, Northern blot analysis, and a gel overlay technique have been used to examine the level, subcellular distribution, and potential target proteins of the S100 family of @entity460 -modulated proteins in adult and developing @entity35 skeletal muscles. Adult @entity35 muscles contained high levels of S100 proteins but the particular form present was dependent on the muscle type: cardiac muscle contained exclusively S100 alpha, slow-twitch skeletal muscle fibers contained predominantly S100 alpha, vascular smooth muscle contained both S100 alpha and @entity21078 , and fast-twitch skeletal muscle fibers contained low but detectable levels of S100 alpha and @entity21078 . While the distribution of S100 mRNAs paralled the protein distribution in all muscles there was no direct correlation between the mRNA and protein levels in different muscle types, suggesting that S100 protein expression is differentially regulated in different muscle types. Immunohistochemical analysis of the cellular distribution of S100 proteins in adult skeletal muscles revealed that S100 alpha staining was associated with muscle cells, while @entity21078 staining was associated with nonmuscle cells. Radioimmunoassays of developing @entity35 skeletal muscles demonstrated that all developing muscles contained low levels of S100 alpha at postnatal day 1 and that as development proceeded the S100 alpha levels increased. In contrast to adult muscle S100 alpha expression was confined to fast-twitch fibers in developing skeletal muscle until postnatal day 21. At postnatal day 1, developing contractile elements were S100 alpha positive, but no staining periodicity was detectable. At postnatal day 21, S100 alpha exhibited the same subcellular localization as seen in the adult: colocalization with the A-band and/or longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum. Comparison of the S100 alpha-binding protein profiles in fast- and slow-twitch fibers of various species revealed few, if any, species- or fiber type-specific S100 binding proteins. Isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum fractions and myofibrils contained multiple S100 alpha-binding proteins. The colocalization of S100 alpha and S100 alpha-binding proteins with the contractile apparatus and sarcoplasmic reticulum suggest that S100 alpha may regulate excitation and/or contraction in slow-twitch fibers.

title: Examination of the XXXX -modulated protein S100 alpha and its target proteins in adult and developing skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: AIM: This study tested the hypothesis that angiotensin II ( @entity1808 ) AT1 receptor is involved in development of @entity101 and @entity299 via modifying @entity13928 activity, eNOS expression and @entity3802 -hyaluronan interaction. MAIN METHODS: Male @entity35 were subjected to @entity1808 infusion (500ng/kg/min) using osmotic minipumps up to 4weeks and the AT1 receptor blocker, @entity9887 was administered by gastric gavage (10mg/kg/day) during @entity1808 infusion. KEY FINDINGS: Our results indicated that @entity1808 enhances AT1 receptor, downregulates @entity11082 receptor, @entity13928 activity and eNOS expression, and increases @entity3802 expression and hyaluronidase activity, an enzyme for hyaluronan degradation. Further analyses revealed that @entity1808 increases blood pressure and augments vascular/interstitial @entity82 . Comparison of the @entity1808 group, treatment with @entity9887 significantly increased @entity13928 activity and eNOS expression in the intracardiac vessels and intermyocardium. These changes occurred in coincidence with decreased blood pressure. Furthermore, the locally-expressed AT1 receptor was downregulated, as evidenced by an increased ratio of the @entity11082 over AT1 receptor (1.4  0.4% vs. 0.4  0.1% in @entity1808 group, P<0.05). Along with these modulations, @entity9887 inhibited membrane @entity3802 expression and hyaluronidase activity, decreased populations of macrophages and myofibroblasts, and reduced expression of @entity1810 and Smads. Collagen I synthesis and tissue @entity82 were attenuated as demonstrated by the less extensive collagen-rich area. SIGNIFICANCE: These results suggest that the AT1 receptor is involved in development of @entity101 and @entity299 . Selective activating @entity13928 /eNOS and inhibiting @entity3802 /HA interaction might be considered as the therapeutic targets for attenuating @entity1808 induced deleterious cardiovascular effects.

title: Angiotensin II AT1 receptor alters @entity13928 activity, eNOS expression and XXXX -hyaluronan interaction in @entity35 with @entity101 and myocardial fibrosis.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity9887 :: ('MESH:C084178', 'Chemical') :: ['telmisartan']

answer: @entity3802 :: (25406(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CD44']


abstract: Oxidative stress induced by @entity273 ( @entity274 ) may contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity5721 in the heart. For the purpose of investigating directly the injury potential of @entity274 on heart muscle, a cellular model of @entity274 -induced myocardial oxidative stress was developed. This model employed primary monolayer cultures of intact, beating neonatal- @entity35 cardiomyocytes and discrete concentrations of reagent @entity274 in defined, supplement-free culture medium. Cardiomyocytes challenged with @entity274 readily metabolized it such that the culture content of @entity274 diminished over time, but was not depleted. The consequent @entity274 -induced oxidative stress caused lethal sarcolemmal disruption (as measured by @entity880 dehydrogenase release), and cardiomyocyte integrity could be preserved by catalase. During oxidative stress, a spectrum of cellular derangements developed, including membrane phospholipid peroxidation, @entity1432 oxidation, consumption of the major chain-breaking membrane antiperoxidant ( @entity1881 ), and @entity855 loss. No net change in the protein or phospholipid contents of cardiomyocyte membranes accompanied @entity274 -induced oxidative stress, but an increased turnover of these membrane constituents occurred in response to @entity274 . Development of lethal @entity130 during @entity274 -induced oxidative stress did not require the presence of @entity274 itself; a brief "pulse" exposure of the cardiomyocytes to @entity274 was sufficient to incite the pathogenic mechanism leading to cell disruption. Cardiomyocyte disruption was dependent upon an intracellular source of redox-active @entity68 and the @entity68 -dependent transformation of internalized @entity274 into products (e.g., the @entity3787 radical) capable of initiating lipid peroxidation, since @entity68 chelators and @entity3787 -radical scavengers were cytoprotective. The accelerated turnover of cardiomyocyte-membrane protein and phospholipid was inhibited by antiperoxidants, suggesting that the turnover reflected molecular repair of oxidized membrane constitutents. Likewise, the consumption of @entity1881 and the oxidation of cellular @entity1433 appeared to be epiphenomena of peroxidation. Antiperoxidant interventions coordinately abolished both @entity274 -induced lipid peroxidation and sarcolemmal disruption, demonstrating that an intimate pathogenic relationship exists between sarcolemmal peroxidation and lethal compromise of cardiomyocyte integrity in response to @entity274 -induced oxidative stress. Although sarcolemmal peroxidation was causally related to cardiomyocyte disruption during @entity274 -induced oxidative stress, a nonperoxidative route of @entity274 @entity137 was also identified, which was expressed in the complete absence of cardiomyocyte-membrane peroxidation. The latter mode of @entity274 -induced @entity130 involved @entity855 loss such that membrane peroxidation and cardiomyocyte disruption on the one hand and cellular de-energization on the other could be completely dissociated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: XXXX -induced oxidative stress to the mammalian heart-muscle cell (cardiomyocyte): lethal peroxidative membrane injury.

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic-reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyocyte injury']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['Hydrogen peroxide']