abstract: Stress @entity322 (SUI) is the involuntary release of urine during sudden increases in abdominal pressures. SUI is common in @entity1 after @entity530 and may alter the biomechanical properties of the urethra. Thus we hypothesize that @entity130 ( @entity365 ) decreases urethral basal tone and passive @entity2693 . This study aimed to assess the biomechanical properties of the urethra after @entity365 in the baseline state, where basal muscle tone and extracellular matrix (ECM) are present, and in the passive state, where inactive muscle and ECM are present. Female @entity35 urethras were isolated in a @entity35 model of acute SUI induced by simulated @entity600 . Our established ex vivo system was utilized, wherein we applied intraluminal static pressures ranging from 0 to 20 mmHg. Outer diameter was measured via a laser micrometer. Measurements were recorded via computer. Urethral thickness was assessed histologically. Stress-strain responses of the urethra were altered by @entity365 . Quantification of biomechanical parameters indicated that @entity365 decreased baseline @entity2693 . The passive peak incremental elastic modulus of the distal segment in @entity18485 was less than for controls (1.84 +/- 0.67 vs. 1.19 +/- 0.70 x 10(6) dyne/cm(2), respectively; P = 0.016). An increase was noted in passive low-pressure compliance values in proximal @entity18485 compared with controls (9.44 +/- 2.43 vs. 4.62 +/- 0.60 mmHg(-1), respectively; P = 0.04). Biomechanical analyses suggest that @entity365 alters urethral basal tone, proximal urethral compliance, and distal @entity2693 . Lack of basal smooth muscle tone, in combination with these changes in the proximal and distal urethra, may contribute to SUI induced by @entity365 .

title: Ex vivo biomechanical properties of the female urethra in a XXXX model of @entity600 .

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity18485 :: ('MESH:D014523', 'Disease') :: ['VD urethras']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth trauma']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal delivery or pelvic trauma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury due to vaginal distension']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: 35 @entity1 with @entity6875 were treated with @entity12135 regimen which included @entity619 (D) 20-30 mg and @entity1499 (M) 15-20 mg i.v. once a week and @entity229 (P) 20 mg/d p. o. 4 times a week for 4 weeks followed by addition of @entity500 (A) or @entity7275 75-100 mg/d and the increment of @entity229 (20 mg/d) to 5 times a week in the fifth and sixth weeks. The full intensive course of therapy lasted for 6 weeks. If necessary, the similar course of therapy might be repeated. Later on, each @entity1 was mintainted on a therapy with P and A or P and 6-MP for another 1-2 months then the P and A or P and 6-MP for another 1-2 months, and then the P and A or 6-MP were tapered and finally discontinued at the end of sixth month. The symptoms and signs of the opthalmopathy were evaluated blindedly at the beginning and the end of the first and second courses of the therapy by two ophthalmologists. The results showed that the symptoms and signs were significantly improved in 33 (94.3%) cases. A decrease of eyeball protrusion of 1.22 +/- 1.15 and 1.28 +/- 1.15 mm in the left and right eyes respectively was shown by eophthalmometry reading (both P < 0.0005, compared with before and after the therapy). The decrease of exophthalmos was more remarkable in the cases with @entity6875 for < or = 1 year than that > 1 year. 11/22 @entity1 recovered their ability to close eyes adequately. The @entity892 was corrected in 8/15 cases. The mobility of eye ball returned to normal in 5/15 cases. Exposed lesion and/or @entity1066 of the @entity267 found in 7 @entity1 were cured. Serious side and/or toxic effects of the drugs were not present during the course of therapy. It is suggested that @entity12135 regimen is an effective, safe and cheap approach to the treatment of @entity6875 .

title: [The effects of intensive @entity12135 regimen in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' ophthalmopathy", 'ophthalmopathy']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

answer: @entity6875 :: (MESH:D049970,Disease) :: ['Graves' ophthalmopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4153 of bone is a rare form of @entity421 , with an incidence rate of 1.3%. This @entity5 must be differentiated from other small cell malignancies because of treatment considerations, particularly @entity1 response to chemotherapy. METHODS: Clinicopathologic findings in 72 cases (22 from Mayo Clinic files and 50 from consultation files) of small cell @entity79 were studied. RESULTS: The femur was the most common bone involved, although the @entity5 was found in all portions of the skeleton. Radiographic features (available in 35 cases) suggested a diagnosis of @entity421 in 20 cases, @entity2828 or @entity706 in 14 cases, and @entity2967 in 1 case. Histologically, there were four types according to the predominant cell size and cytologic features. Osteoid production was identified in all @entity5 . Complete treatment and follow-up data were available for 45 cases. Generally, in those cases without surgical treatment, greater than 60% of @entity1 died of disease within 2 years. If the surgical procedure was associated with a marginal @entity5 margin, the prognosis was poor. In the 30 @entity1 with wide or radical surgical margins, at last follow-up 13 were alive with no evidence of disease, 2 were alive with disease, and 15 died of disease at 5 months to 13.1 years after diagnosis. In 16 of 22 Mayo Clinic @entity1 , excluding those who presented with @entity3 , the cumulative 5-year survival rate was 28.9%. Median survival time in @entity1 who had surgery with additional chemotherapy was 13.4 years, compared with 1.4 years in @entity1 who underwent surgery alone (P = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4153 is a definite reproducible histologic entity. Treatment should be based on a protocol for @entity421 .

title: XXXX of bone. Review of 72 cases.

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['Small cell osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma of bone']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity4153 :: (MESH:D018288,Disease) :: ['Small cell osteosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14 that adhere to the urinary bladder require en bloc partial or total cystectomy to achieve negative @entity5 margins. METHODS: This prospective study evaluated the outcome of combined bladder resection for @entity694 at a unit specializing in @entity1820 . RESULTS: @entity1 (n = 63) with @entity14 adherent to the bladder at operation and without distal metastases were followed. Fifty-eight @entity1 (92%) had @entity5 of the sigmoid colon or upper rectum. Operative morbidity and mortality rates were 18% and 1.5%, respectively. Histological staging demonstrated bladder adherence in 46% (29/63) and invasion in 54% (34/63). Overall disease-specific survival was 54%, with a mean follow-up of 7.6 (range 5-12) years. Five-year survival for margin negative @entity1 was 72% (26/36) and 27% (4/15) for node negative and positive @entity5 , respectively. The bladder was closed primarily in 48 @entity1 and reconstructed by enterocystoplasty in five, with ten @entity1 requiring urinary diversion. CONCLUSIONS: En bloc bladder resection for adherent or invading @entity694 achieves good local control, but an infiltrative extravesical margin denotes poor prognosis. The potential for cure in completely excised node negative @entity5 is good. Bladder reconstruction is achievable in most @entity1 .

title: Local involvement of the urinary bladder in primary XXXX : outcome with en bloc resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancers', 'colorectal tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the colon or rectum', 'tumors of the colon and rectum']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1865 , a major product of @entity38415 , was shown to be increased in plasma of @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ) undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Elevated oxidative stress in @entity454 @entity1 is a result of multiple pathogenetic factors. HD treatment has been shown to be one important cause of accelerated radical generation. The aim of our study was to examine whether treatment with a dialysis membrane which has alpha- @entity4793 hydrophobically bonded to its surface (Excebrane by Terumo, Japan) can decrease oxidative stress due to HD. METHODS: 10 @entity454 @entity1 undergoing HD three times weekly were examined. First, analysis was done when @entity1 were still dialysed with the membranes used before the study. Thereafter, samples were taken when @entity1 were dialysed first time with the Excebrane membrane, and six weeks after Excebrane treatment. Samples were collected always before and after HD session. A method with HPLC-separation and flourimetric detection was used to measure plasma concentration of @entity1865 . RESULTS: After HD with the regularly used membranes @entity1865 was found significantly increased (before HD 1.92 [1.81-2.02] microM (median and interquartile ranges) vs. after HD 2.26 [2.02-2.60] microM, p < 0.05) suggesting that @entity1865 was produced during HD. The first time Excebrane was used @entity1865 was decreased significantly (before HD 2.04 [1.95-2.88] microM vs. after HD 1.35 [1.19-1.92] microM, p < 0.05). After six weeks of Excebrane treatment, plasma @entity1865 did not change significantly during HD (before HD 2.01 [1.69-2.62] microM vs. after HD 1.95 [1.42-2.20] microM). CONCLUSION: Oxidative stress due to HD might be significantly decreased by the Excebrane membrane. However, after six weeks of treatment with Excebrane no effect was seen on the initial plasma concentration of @entity1865 compared to the time before.

title: Oxidative stress in hemodialysis XXXX treated with a dialysis membrane which has alpha-tocopherol bonded to its surface.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4793 :: ('MESH:D024505', 'Chemical') :: ['tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRF', 'end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: Anatomic variations of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) and falx cerebri (FC) are uncommon in that agenesis of these structures is extremely rare. We report an extremely rare anatomic variation, total agenesis of the SSS and FC, and briefly discuss it from the anatomical, embryological, radiological, and clinical perspectives. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 49-year-old @entity1 presented with long-standing @entity10 , gait disturbance, and @entity390 . Imaging studies showed a bilateral @entity3439 crossing the midline, dilated @entity1211 , and @entity12786 , but SSS and FC. Following right-sided @entity1269 and @entity1662 , the @entity3439 was evacuated from a left-sided parietal burr hole because of thick @entity1410 in this side. After the surgical evacuation, the @entity1269 and @entity1662 were regressed; however, she still had severe @entity10 . On account of ongoing @entity10 and related imaging findings, it was thought that she had possible spontaneous @entity551 . She was treated with autologous epidural blood patch and recovered well. CONCLUSION: Agenesis of the SSS and FC are extremely rare variations. Agenesis of the SSS results in development of alternative venous pathways and may lead to misdiagnosis as @entity2457 . Agenesis of FC may cause diagnostic @entity911 , because subdural pathologies such as @entity1410 can cross the midline in rare occasions.

title: Total agenesis of superior sagittal sinus and falx cerebri in a XXXX who has a subacute @entity3439 crossing midline: case report.

entities_list: @entity3439 :: ('MESH:D006408', 'Disease') :: ['subdural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity12786 :: ('MESH:D052958', 'Disease') :: ['perineural cysts']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['dural arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness disturbances']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous structures']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Overweight/ @entity28 is a chronic disease that carries an increased risk of @entity101 , @entity6 , and @entity204 . Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated a clear relationship between salt intake and @entity28 , but the pathophysiologic mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesized that ghrelin, which regulates appetite, food intake, and fat deposition, becomes elevated when one consumes a high-salt diet, contributing to the progression of @entity28 . We, therefore, investigated fasting ghrelin concentrations during a high-salt diet. Thirty-eight non-obese and normotensive subjects (aged 25 to 50 years) were selected from a rural community in Northern China. They were sequentially maintained on a normal diet for three days at baseline, a low-salt diet for seven days (3 g/day, @entity4202 ), then a high-salt diet for seven days (18 g/day). The concentration of plasma ghrelin was measured using an immunoenzyme method (ELISA). High-salt intake significantly increased fasting ghrelin levels, which were higher during the high-salt diet (320.7    30.6 pg/mL) than during the low-salt diet (172.9    8.9 pg/mL). The comparison of ghrelin levels between the different salt diets was statistically-significantly different (p < 0.01). A positive correlation between 24-h urinary @entity1372 excretion and fasting ghrelin levels was demonstrated. Our data indicate that a high-salt diet elevates fasting ghrelin in healthy @entity1 subjects, which may be a novel underlying mechanism of @entity28 .

title: Elevation of Fasting Ghrelin in Healthy XXXX Subjects Consuming a High-Salt Diet: A Novel Mechanism of Obesity?

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['premature death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: A total of 720 192Ir @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) applications in 331 @entity1 with gynecological @entity5 were analyzed to evaluate the dose to normal tissues from brachytherapy. Based on the calculations of bladder base, @entity1494 , and rectal doses derived from orthogonal films the planned @entity5 dose or fractionation was altered in 20.4% of @entity4617 ( @entity4617 ) for @entity189 and 9.2% of @entity4617 for treatment of the vaginal vault. In 13.8% of intracervical and 8.1% of intravaginal treatments calculated doses to both the bladder and rectum were greater than or equal to 140% of the initially planned dose fraction. Doses at the bladder base were significantly higher than at the @entity1494 (p less than 0.001). In 17.5% of @entity4617 the dose to the bladder base was at least twice as high as to the @entity1494 . The ratio of bladder base dose to the @entity1494 was 1.5 (+/- 1.19 SD) for intracervical and 1.46 (+/- 1.14 SD) for intravaginal applications. The comparison of calculated doses from orthogonal films with in-vivo readings showed a good correlation of rectal doses with a correlation coefficient factor of 0.9556. CT-assisted dosimetry, however, revealed that the maximum doses to bladder and rectum were generally higher than those obtained from films with ratios of 1-1.7 (average: 1.44) for the @entity1494 , 1-5.4 (average: 2.42) for the bladder base, and 1.1-2.7 (average: 1.37) for the rectum. When doses to the specified reference points of @entity1494 and rectum from orthogonal film dosimetry were compared with the corresponding points on CT scans, similar values were obtained for both methods with a maximum deviation of +/- 10%. Despite the determination of multiple reference points our study revealed that this information was inadequate to predict doses to the entire rectum and bladder. If conventional methods are used for dosimetry it is recommended that doses to the bladder base should be routinely calculated, since single point measurements at the @entity1494 seriously underestimate the dose to the bladder. Also the rectal dose should be determined at several points over the length of the implant due to the wide range of anatomic variations possible.

title: Dosimetry of @entity4617 for uterine and cervical XXXX : results of orthogonal film, TLD, and CT-assisted techniques.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['cervix carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['intracavitary placements', 'ICP']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high-dose-rate']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Studies have indicated that @entity5 @entity3085 @entity1 have high cytokines levels and worse prognosis and bacterial translocation can increase cytokines production. So we aimed to investigate the association of BT with @entity3085 and prognosis of cachectic @entity1 . METHODOLOGY: The locally advanced @entity356 @entity1 enrolled in this study were divided into cachectic and non-cachectic. Polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect bacterial DNA Cytokines levels were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect immunological indicators. RESULTS: BT ratio was significantly higher in cachectic @entity1 than in non-cachectic @entity1 and healthy volunteers (p=0.019, p=0.000). BT positive cachectic @entity1 had significantly higher levels of @entity1192 , @entity650 , @entity310 and @entity379 and worse survival than BT negative cachectic @entity1 . The levels of CD3   T, @entity404   T, NK cell and @entity404   T / @entity405   T in @entity356 @entity1 were lower as compared to healthy volunteers. The level of @entity405   T-cell was significantly higher in @entity356 @entity1 than that in healthy volunteers. CONCLUSIONS: This study for the first time suggested that bacterial translocation may contribute to @entity5 @entity3085 and impact prognosis of cachectic @entity1 with locally advanced @entity356 .

title: Bacterial translocation contributes to XXXX from locally advanced @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity3085 :: (MESH:D002100,Disease) :: ['cachexia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Once a septic condition is progressing, administration of @entity230 in the pro-inflammatory phase of @entity326 ought to yield maximal effect on the subsequent, devastating inflammatory response. Recently, a retrospective study showed that early initiation of corticosteroid therapy improved survival in @entity326 . We aimed to prospectively evaluate effects of early administrated @entity701 therapy on physiologic variables in a porcine model of @entity326 . EXPERIMENT: Eight anesthetized @entity1707 were given a continuous infusion of endotoxin during this 6 h prospective, randomized, parallel-grouped placebo-controlled experimental study. At the onset of @entity1457 , defined as the moment when the mean pulmonary arterial pressure reached the double baseline value, the @entity1707 were either given a single intravenous dose of @entity701 (5 mg kg(-1)) or the corresponding volume of saline. RESULTS: Mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance index were significantly higher (both p<0.05), and heart rate was significantly lower (p<0.05), in the endotoxin+ @entity701 group as compared to the endotoxin+saline group. Body temperature and blood @entity7825 levels increased significantly in the endotoxin+saline group (both p<0.05). Urinary @entity701 increased significantly in both groups (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the plasma levels of @entity14463 , @entity22134 or @entity3542 / @entity1507 between the groups. CONCLUSION: Early treatment with @entity701 ameliorates some endotoxin mediated circulatory derangements, fever response and microvascular outflow. Our results suggest that these effects are not directly mediated by the pro-inflammatory cytokines @entity14463 or @entity22134 , nor by NO.

title: Counteraction of early circulatory derangement by administration of low dose steroid treatment at the onset of established XXXX is not directly mediated by @entity14463 and @entity22134 .

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemic shock']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['endotoxemic shock']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine current practice in the management and outcome of @entity715 complicating @entity656 ( @entity656 ). METHODS: An audit of prospectively collected data for all @entity1 presenting with @entity656 was conducted. @entity1 with @entity715 were grouped according to vessel involvement and whether or not systemic anticoagulation was administered. RESULTS: Of 127 consecutive @entity1 admitted with @entity656 , 20 had @entity49 ; in all cases the @entity715 was associated with a severe attack of @entity656 . Involvement of the splenic vein (SV), portal vein (PV) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV) was observed in 14, 10 and three @entity1 , respectively. Involvement of more than one vessel was observed in six @entity1 (SV and PV in four @entity1 ; SMV and SV in one @entity1 ; all three veins in one @entity1 ). @entity715 were colocalized with collections in 19 @entity1 . Only four @entity1 received systemic anticoagulation. Resolution of @entity715 was observed in six @entity1 over a median of 77 days. No significant differences were observed in recanalization rates following anticoagulation (P= 0.076). No complications associated with systemic anticoagulation occurred. One @entity1 developed @entity1578 associated with progressive PV @entity715 and one @entity1 died. CONCLUSIONS: @entity715 is a relatively common observation in severe @entity656 and is associated with @entity39 and peripancreatic collections. Recanalization is observed in almost a third of @entity1 , irrespective of whether or not they receive systemic anticoagulation.

title: XXXX in severe @entity656 : a 2-year, single-institution experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['AP', 'acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['splanchnic venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['splanchnic vein thrombosis', 'Splanchnic vein thrombosis', 'thrombosis', 'Thromboses']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Splanchnic vein thrombosis']


abstract: The results published in the period from 1973 to 1983 entitled "Cytogenetic findings in acute @entity1778 " (M 1 to M 6 of @entity1334 classification) were compiled. In 50-60 per cent of those @entity1 affected with acute @entity1778 a deviating karyotype could be detected. With a markedly higher frequency chromosomes 8 and 21 will take part in aberrations, with translocations (8; 21) having the main share with about 30-40 per cent. More than half the male bearers of translocation exhibits a loss of the Y-chromosome, a third of female @entity1 a loss of the X-chromosome. Trisomy 8 and 9 as well as monosomy 7 appear in about 20 per cent. These aberrations can also be found in all other @entity1778 and preleukemic processes. @entity1 with @entity3203 in all their cells will have the slightest average survival time and the worst appeal to therapy. The sole appearance of monosomy 7 or @entity12297 -chromosome respectively seems to be an unfavourable sign from a prognostic point of view. @entity1 with acute @entity1778 will possess an aberrant karyotype more frequently than adults, but they have a longer average life, @entity1 are more frequently affected by this. Acute @entity2799 can be characterized cytogenetically in 94 per cent of the cases by translocation (15; 17). However, distinct geographical differences can be observed here, the causes of which have not been elucidated. About 40 per cent of the @entity1 with acute myelo-monocytic @entity1778 developed aberrations. Further investigations will have to show whether the chromosome 11 really took part in it somewhat more frequently than merely at random. @entity2008 have not a visible influence on the course of the disease. In 30-40 per cent of @entity1 with a rarely occurring @entity9020 , an abnormal karyotype could be found. There was an incidence of 47 per cent for a specific translocation (9; 11) or a similar variant respectively. @entity6007 is characterized by a high instability of chromosomes and karyotypical variability, particularly in erythrocyte precursors and by an average survival time of one months. @entity10706 and @entity1778 are very rare kinds of @entity3052 . The small number of publications allows no general statement to be made concerning karyotypical changes.

title: [Cytogenetic findings in @entity3052 ( XXXX M 1 to M 6)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['Chromosome anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2799 :: ('MESH:D015473', 'Disease') :: ['promyelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity9020 :: ('MESH:D007948', 'Disease') :: ['acute monocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity6007 :: ('MESH:D004915', 'Disease') :: ['Erythroleukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemias']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia', 'eosinophilic leukemia', 'myeloic leukemias', 'myeloic leukemia', 'leukemic']

entities_list: @entity10706 :: ('MESH:D007947', 'Disease') :: ['Megakaryoblastic']

entities_list: @entity3203 :: ('MESH:D059786', 'Disease') :: ['karyotypic abnormalities']

answer: @entity1334 :: (2187,Gene) :: ['FAB']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dengue is the most important arboviral infection of @entity1 . Following an initial febrile period, a small proportion of infected @entity1 develop a @entity455 , with @entity1 at particular risk for severe @entity455 and shock. Differentiation between @entity779 and other common childhood illnesses is difficult during the early febrile phase, and risk prediction for development of shock is poor. The presence of microalbuminuria is recognized as a useful early predictor for subsequent complications in a number of other disorders with @entity455 . Significant @entity644 occurs in association with @entity7643 and it is possible that early-phase microalbuminuria may be helpful both for diagnosis of @entity779 and for identification of @entity1 likely to develop severe disease. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We measured formal urine albumin to @entity1011 ratios (UACRs) in daily samples obtained from a large cohort of @entity1 with suspected @entity779 recruited at two outpatient clinics in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Although UACRs were increased in the 465 confirmed @entity779 @entity1 , with a significant time trend showing peak values around the critical period for @entity779 -associated plasma leakage, urine albumin excretion was also increased in the comparison group of 391 @entity1 with other febrile illnesses (OFI). The @entity779 @entity1 generally had higher UACRs than the OFI @entity1 , but microalbuminuria, using the conventional cutoff of 30 mg albumin/g @entity1011 discriminated poorly between the two diagnostic groups in the early febrile phase. Secondly UACRs did not prove useful in predicting either development of warning signs for severe @entity779 or need for hospitalization. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Low-level @entity633 is common, even in relatively mild @entity281 , but is also present in many OFIs. Simple point-of-care UACR tests are unlikely to be useful for early diagnosis or risk prediction in @entity779 endemic areas.

title: Assessment of microalbuminuria for early diagnosis and risk prediction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vasculopathy', 'vascular involvement', 'vascular leakage']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['dengue infections']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity7643 :: ('MESH:D019595', 'Disease') :: ['dengue shock syndrome']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['dengue infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of @entity56 , mainly @entity2023 , has increased within the last decades. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of sensitization to Poaceae pollen in the Basque Country. This is a region of northern Spain, with an area of 7261 km2 and a population of 2109009 inhabitants. Two different climatic regions may be distinguished in the Basque Country (the Atlantic and the Oceanic). METHODS: A transversal study was carried out on 2216 subjects, aged 10-40 years. A personal interviewwas carried out in order to compile study data, by means of a questionnaire that had been previously validated with a clinical history and an @entity566 study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Our results show the prevalence of @entity2023 in the Basque Country to be 10.6% (C.I. 95% 9.35-11.96%) without significant differences between @entity1 and @entity1 . The prevalence in the Atlantic climate area (9.71%) was lower than in the Oceanic climate area (13.61%). There were no differences between @entity1 living in a rural environment (10.87%) and those living in an urban setting (10.51%). Pollinosis was more frequent in individuals aged 10-20 (11.41%) and 20-30 (12.54%) than those aged 30-40 years (7.43%). Three features significantly distinguished pollinic from nonpollinic @entity1 : 1) a more common complaint of symptoms after ingestion of Rosaceae fruits or nuts (10.2%) 2) a family history of atopy (8.8%) 3) a greater occurrence of @entity1109 (23%).

title: Prevalence of XXXX in the Basque Country.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['pollinosis']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthmatic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['pollinosis']


abstract: Palpable breast masses in pediatric @entity1 are uncommon. @entity1557 which must be distinguished from @entity5 is the most frequent @entity0 in adolescent @entity1 . Fine needle aspiration FNA biopsy is highly specific in breast masses. The final cosmetic result is important when planning the surgical excision. Therefore it is mandatory to know preoperative cytology of the mass. Five @entity1 who had undergone operation with breast masses between 1999-2004 were evaluated retrospectively. The mean age at presentation was 13 years. Each @entity1 underwent FNA biopsy before excision. Aspiration cytology of the lump showed @entity1557 confirmed by subsequent histopathology. The breast masses can be handled operatively through a circumareolar incision without any complication. Protection of the developing breast bud, nipple and areola is as important as appropriate excision of the lesion. Cosmetic results have been satisfactory and there has been no evidence of recurrence.

title: XXXX in female adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['Fibroadenoma', 'fibroadenoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast fibroadenoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gastrogastric @entity292 (GGF) secondary to marginal ulceration (MU) is a reported complication of open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; however, its frequency after laparoscopic gastric bypass (LGBP) is likely underreported. We present five cases of GGF and detail the management algorithm, including medical, endoscopic, and laparoscopic interventions. METHODS: Data from 282 @entity1 undergoing LGBP from October 2002 to January 2005 were entered into a prospective, longitudinal database. All @entity1 who subsequently presented with GGF were analyzed. @entity1 who developed GGF were compared with those who did not using Student's t-test. RESULTS: Five @entity1 (1.8%) subsequently developed GGF. Upper gastrointestinal radiographic evaluation documented the presence of a GGF in these @entity1 , and upper endoscopy confirmed the diagnosis of MU. The mean interval between initial LGBP and subsequent diagnosis of GGF was 8.8 months. @entity1 who developed GGF were significantly younger (32.4 years vs 41.2 years; P = .007) and had lost significantly more weight 1 year after surgery (82.7% excess @entity353 vs 70.0% excess @entity353 ; P = .003). No difference was noted when comparing operative time (164 minutes vs 148 minutes) or preoperative BMI (45.6 kg/m2 vs 51.4 kg/m2). All MU/GGF @entity1 were treated initially with high-dose proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. In one @entity1 , the GGF closed with PPI therapy alone. A second @entity1 's GGF was successfully resolved with PPI therapy plus endoscopic injection of fibrin sealant. The remaining three cases were managed with laparoscopic division of the @entity292 after initial unsuccessful PPI therapy. In these @entity1 , the GGF was of larger diameter than in those @entity1 whose GGF closed with medical therapy alone. CONCLUSIONS: MU/GGF should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all postoperative gastric bypass @entity1 who present with @entity490 . In our series, GGF was always associated with MU. Early diagnosis of GGF can be successfully treated with PPI therapy. Smaller-diameter tracts that do not resolve with medical therapy may respond to endoscopic therapy. Large-caliber @entity292 are less likely to respond to medical or endoscopic therapy but can be managed laparoscopically.

title: Management of XXXX after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['gastrogastric fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Unnecessary hospital admissions and negative appendectomies increase healthcare costs of @entity1 with right lower quadrant (RLQ) @entity158 . This study aimed to evaluate the impact on the cost of treatment of @entity698 scoring systems. METHODS: Charts were reviewed of @entity1 admitted to the general surgery ward of our hospital with @entity158 within a year. Alvarado and Lintula scores were calculated, and a simulation was performed to determine the treatment charges that would have been generated had the scoring recommendations been used for admission and surgical decision-making. RESULTS: Of the 114 admitted @entity1 , 64 (56%) underwent appendectomy. The rate of negative appendectomy was 17.2%. The overall accuracy rates of the Alvarado and Lintula scores for both 'admit' and 'operate' decision-making were 82.7% and 91.9%, respectively (p=0.102). Total charges for the 114 @entity1 were  39,655. If the Alvarado or Lintula score had been used, the total treatment charges would have been  34,087 and  25,772 (p=0.015 and p=0.000), with negative appendectomy rates of 18.5% and 3.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The implementation of Alvarado and Lintula scores for the decision of hospital admission and appendectomy would have reduced overall treatment charges for acute @entity158 .

title: XXXX scores may be useful in reducing the costs of treatment for right lower @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'RLQ pain']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['Appendicitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen is a component of the DNA synthesome and functions in DNA replication and repair. Our group has recently identified an acidic isoform of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, @entity5 -specific proliferating cell nuclear antigen, that appears to be present only in malignant tissue. We sought to determine the presence of @entity5 -specific proliferating cell nuclear antigen in @entity2910 and invasive @entity420 to assess its potential utility in discriminating @entity5 . METHODS: With a polyclonal antibody to @entity5 -specific proliferating cell nuclear antigen, immunohistochemical staining was performed on samples from a total of 30 @entity1 with Barrett esophagus with varying degrees of @entity1141 and 18 @entity1 with invasive @entity420 . We also performed @entity5 -specific proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemical staining on a commercially available tissue microarray and on specimens obtained from endoscopic biopsies. As controls, immunohistochemical staining for @entity5 -specific proliferating cell nuclear antigen was performed on normal esophageal tissue and immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen was performed on all specimens with a commercially available antibody. RESULTS: Of the Barrett esophagus specimen, 14 showed no @entity1141 , 8 showed @entity258 , and 8 showed high-grade @entity1141 . None of these specimens stained positively for @entity5 -specific proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Of the 18 @entity420 specimens, all stained positively for @entity5 -specific proliferating cell nuclear antigen. There was no significant @entity5 -specific proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in normal esophageal tissue, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression was noted to a high degree in all tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer-specific proliferating cell nuclear antigen appears to demonstrate high specificity for @entity420 . This marker therefore may prove useful in differentiating invasive @entity5 from high-grade @entity1141 . Cancer-specific proliferating cell nuclear antigen also holds future promise as a biomarker for @entity420 .

title: A novel biomarker for the detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal dysplasias']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: This study evaluated the significance of circulating bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ), a @entity5 with rich neovasculature. Eighty @entity1 with @entity157 were recruited for the study, and 16 @entity1 with @entity1575 and 14 healthy subjects were also included for comparison. Blood samples were taken before treatment. Total mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood, preplated to eliminate mature circulating endothelial cells, and colony-forming units (CFUs) formed by circulating EPCs were counted. To validate the CFU scores, FACS quantification of EPCs using @entity5439 , @entity319 , and @entity2280 as markers was performed in 30 cases. Our study showed significantly higher mean CFU scores in @entity1 with @entity157 compared to @entity1 with @entity82 and healthy controls (P = .001 and .009, respectively). Furthermore, the CFU scores of @entity1 with @entity157 positively correlated with levels of serum @entity160 (r = .303, P = .017), plasma @entity7 (r = .242, P = .035), and plasma @entity687 ( @entity687 ) (r = .258, P = .025). @entity1 with unresectable @entity157 had higher CFU scores than @entity1 with resectable @entity5 (P = .027). Furthermore, for those who underwent curative surgery, higher preoperative CFU scores were observed in @entity1 with recurrence within 1 year compared with those who were disease-free after 1 year (P = .013). In conclusion, higher circulating levels of EPCs are seen in @entity1 with advanced unresectable @entity157 as compared to @entity1 with resectable @entity157 or those with @entity1575 . Our evidence supports the potential use of circulating level of EPCs as a prognostic marker in @entity1 with @entity157 .

title: Significance of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['solid tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: The projections from the parabrachial nucleus to the midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei were examined in the @entity35 . Stereotaxic injections of the retrograde tracer cholera toxin-beta ( @entity34981 ) were made in each of the intralaminar nuclei of the dorsal thalamus (the @entity5251 , medial parafascicular, oval paracentral, central lateral, paracentral, and central medial nuclei), as well as the midline thalamic nuclei (the paraventricular, intermediodorsal, mediodorsal, paratenial, rhomboid, reuniens, parvicellular part of the ventral posterior, and caudal ventral medial nuclei). The retrograde cell body labeling pattern within the parabrachial subnuclei was then analyzed. The paracentral thalamic nucleus received an input only from the internal lateral parabrachial subnucleus. However, this subnucleus also projected to all the other intralaminar thalamic nuclei, except for the central lateral thalamic nucleus, which received no parabrachial afferent inputs. The external lateral parabrachial subnucleus projected to the @entity5251 , reuniens, central medial, parvicellular part of the ventral posterior, and caudal ventromedial thalamic nuclei. Following @entity34981 injections in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus, retrogradely labeled cells were found in the central lateral, dorsal lateral, and external lateral parabrachial subnuclei. The medial and ventral lateral parabrachial subnuclei projected to the oval paracentral, parafascicular, and rhomboid thalamic nuclei. Finally, the waist area of the parabrachial nucleus was densely labeled after @entity34981 injections in the parvicellular part of the ventral posterior thalamic nucleus. Nociceptive, visceral, and gustatory signals may reach specific cortical and other forebrain sites via this parabrachial-thalamic pathway.

title: Parabrachial nucleus projections to midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5251 :: ('MESH:D010509', 'Disease') :: ['lateral parafascicular']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The nutritive value of meat and bone meals (MBM) was assessed for broilers. The MBM was produced according to the revised (pressure) processing system ordered by the European Union (EC 96/449). Three batches of MBM from @entity291 (MBMcattle) and three from @entity1707 (MBMpig) with different ash contents (224, 306, 387, and 209,293, 430 g/kg, respectively) were tested for digestibility at a 10% inclusion level. The MBMcattle and MBMpig with the lowest ash (224 and 209 g/kg, respectively) were tested also at 20% inclusion. A basal diet ( @entity4336 - @entity1460 meal) was used as a control. Two-week-old broiler @entity1573 were used in four replicates per treatment (14 to 32 d of age). The AMEn of MBM was high (10.51 to 13.04 MJ/kg DM). Species origin had no significant effect, whereas more ash and a higher inclusion level decreased the AMEn. The factors investigated showed no significant effect on the excretal digestibility of @entity2723 or on total AA. Excretal digestibility of total @entity1522 (AA) ranged from 60 to 65%. The ileal digestibility of @entity2723 and AA of MBMpig with 209 g/kg ash was also tested at 10 and 20% inclusion. Excretal digestibility was significantly higher than ileal digestibility of @entity2723 (63.8 and 55.8%, respectively) and total AA (60.9 and 56.2%, respectively). The 20% inclusion level resulted in a lower digestibility for both methods. The digestibility of @entity2723 was measured by four different in vitro techniques, based on pepsin digestibility. The data showed a large variation and did not correlate at all with the in vivo digestibility values.

title: Nutritive value of the meat and bone meals from XXXX or @entity1707 in broiler diets.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the actions of @entity53 on the electrical activity of pregnant @entity35 myometrium. The longitudinal layer of the myometrium was dissected from pregnant @entity35 (17 to 19 days of gestation), and single cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion. @entity460 currents and @entity972 currents were recorded by the whole-cell voltage-clamp method, and the single @entity460 -dependent @entity972 current was recorded by the outside-out patch-clamp method. The effects of @entity53 on these currents were investigated. When a myometrial cell was held at -50 mV, depolarization to a potential more positive than -30 mV produced an inward current followed by a slowly developing outward current. Application of @entity5128 inhibited the outward current while the inward current was completely abolished in a @entity460 -free solution. @entity53 at high concentrations (> 3 microM) inhibited both inward and outward currents in a voltage-dependent manner. Removal of @entity53 restored the amplitude of the outward but not of the inward current. @entity53 (30 microM) also inhibited the activity of single @entity460 -dependent @entity972 channels without changing single channel conductance. In conclusion, @entity53 at high concentrations inhibited: (1) voltage-dependent @entity460 , (2) @entity460 -dependent @entity972 and (3) voltage-dependent @entity972 currents. These actions of @entity53 would prevent action potential generation and after-hyperpolarizations. Suppression of the after-hyperpolarization might further prevent spike generation due to slowing of the @entity460 channel's recovery from the inactivated state.

title: XXXX inhibits Ca2+ and K+ channels in smooth muscle cells from pregnant @entity35 myometrium.

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol', 'Estradiol', '17beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['Estradiol']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and efficacy of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation combined with transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) for the treatment of @entity157 that are invisible on both ultrasound and unenhanced CT. 73 @entity1 with a total of 101 nodular hepatocellular @entity189 were referred for possible radiofrequency (RF) ablation. Of these, 14 lesions (14%) in 14 @entity1 were invisible on both ultrasound and unenhanced CT. The invisible nodules averaged 1.2 cm in diameter (range, 0.8-2.0 cm; median, 1.1 cm). After segmental TACE, percutaneous RF ablation was performed if the index @entity5 was visible on fluoroscopy, ultrasound or CT. All cases of combined treatment were evaluated for size of ablative zone, complications, rate of technical effectiveness at 1-month follow-up CT and local @entity5 progression. After TACE, percutaneous RF ablation was technically feasible in 10 (71%) of the 14 nodules. RF ablation was performed with the guidance of fluoroscopy (n = 6, 42%), ultrasound (n = 2, 14%) or CT (n = 2, 14%). The mean diameter of the ablative zone by percutaneous RF ablation combined with TACE was 4.8+/-0.7 cm and 3.4+/-0.6 cm in the long and short axis, respectively. No major complications were documented. The primary technical effectiveness rate for nodules treated by combined treatment was 100% (10/10) at 1-month follow-up CT. No local @entity5 progression was found during the follow-up period (median 15 months; range 4-20 months). Percutaneous RF ablation combined with TACE is a feasible and effective technique for treating @entity157 that are not visible on ultrasound or unenhanced CT.

title: Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of small XXXX invisible on both ultrasonography and unenhanced CT: a preliminary study of combined treatment with transarterial chemoembolisation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['small hepatocellular carcinomas', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pelvis as the biomechanical foundation of spine, plays an important role in the balance of the stance and gait through the multi-link spinal-pelvic system. If the pelvic @entity717 (PAR) exists in @entity1615 ( @entity1615 ) @entity1 , it should theoretically have some effects on the body balance. PURPOSE: To explore the probable effects of preoperative PAR on the spinal balance in coronal plane in @entity1615 @entity1 with main thoracolumbar/lumbar (TL/L) curve after posterior spinal instrumentation. METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity1615 @entity1 (age: 15    1.5 years) with main TL/L curve (51      6.2  ) were recruited retrospectively into this study. The mean follow-up period was 27 months (24-36 months). Standing full spine posteroanterior radiographs were taken preoperatively, 3 month and 1 year postoperatively, and at last follow-up. The convex/concave ratio (CV/CC ratio) of the anterior superior iliac spine laterally and the inferior ilium at the sacroiliac joint medially was measured on posteroanterior radiographs. According to the preoperative CV/CC ratios, the @entity1 were divided into two groups: normal group (N-group: 0.95  <= CV/CC  <= 1.05); and the asymmetrical group (A-group: CV/CC < 0.95, or >1.05). RESULTS: In all the @entity1 , the 3-month-postoperative CV/CC ratio (1.026    0.087) was significantly different from the preoperative CV/CC ratio (0.969    0.095, P < 0.001), indicating that the pelvis had rotated in the opposite direction of the corrective derotation load applied to the TL/L spine after surgery. No significant change was found in the CV/CC ratio from 3-month-postoperative to the last follow-up (1.013    0.103, P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the demographic, phenotypic, and treatment variables between the N- (n = 16) and A-groups (n = 22) (P > 0.05). However, more @entity712 occurred in the A-group after surgery (36.4 vs. 0.0 %, P = 0.013): two @entity1 having trunk translation, three having lower instrumented vertebra (LIV) translation, and one having LIV tilt; meanwhile, one @entity1 having both LIV translation and LIV tilt, and one having both trunk translation and LIV tilt. CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirmed the existence of PAR in @entity1615 @entity1 , and indicated that the pelvis would experience an active rebalancing in the transverse plane within 3 months after spinal correction, and since then, its position would remain stable. Moreover, TL/L- @entity1615 @entity1 with preoperative asymmetrical PAR probably had greater risk of @entity712 postoperatively.

title: Preoperative pelvic @entity717 : a possible predictor for postoperative XXXX in thoracolumbar/lumbar @entity1615 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['axial rotation']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['coronal decompensation']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['coronal decompensation']


abstract: @entity1409 of the esophagus remains a medical and surgical challenge. Its diagnosis is often missed or delayed resulting in increased morbidity and mortality, and controversy exists as to the mode of therapy for the cases seen later than 12 hours after @entity397 . During the last seven years, nine @entity1 were treated at Grady Memorial Hospital. Four @entity1 , "early group," were operated upon within 12 hours from the onset of their symptoms and five, "late group," were operated upon between 20-76 hours (average 41) after @entity397 . All four @entity1 in the "early group" had primary repair of the @entity397 and two had, in addition, fundoplication. From the two @entity1 with primary repair alone, one developed postoperative leakage at the esophageal suture line, which closed spontaneously; whereas, in the two @entity1 with fundoplication, no leakage occurred. Three of the four @entity1 recovered and one died from @entity177 , @entity360 , and @entity356 . In the "late group" one @entity1 had T-tube drainage of the esophagus and died. Two had primary repair alone with one @entity204 and the other two had primary repair with fundoplication 20 and 76 hours postrupture and both recovered. The two deaths in the "late group" were due to leakage at the site of the @entity397 . This study suggests that even in @entity1 diagnosed late as having @entity397 of the esophagus, primary repair can be implemented with reasonable success. Good mediastinal, pleural and gastric drainage, high levels of appropriate antibiotics, and provision of good nourishment are of paramount importance for the successful management of these desperately ill @entity1 .

title: XXXX of the esophagus.

entities_list: @entity1409 :: ('MESH:D012422', 'Disease') :: ['Spontaneous rupture']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric perforation']

answer: @entity1409 :: (MESH:D012422,Disease) :: ['Spontaneous rupture']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Upper abdomen and thorax surgeries cause intense @entity158 . Some of @entity282 main complications are @entity532 . The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that @entity86 with employment of local anesthetics plus spinal opioids may reduce the incidence of @entity65 in postoperative period of @entity1 in these conditions, comparing with classical methods of @entity86 , opioids and NSAIDs, administered upon @entity1 's demand. METHOD: Eighty adult @entity1 , ASA I and II, without ECG alterations, were allocated into two groups of 40: Group A, @entity1 under general anesthesia with @entity1875 , @entity2897 and @entity5161 , associated with epidural anesthesia with @entity1212 and control of @entity86 with @entity1341 and epidural @entity1286 ; and Group B, @entity1 under general anesthesia with the same drugs and doses of A, plus @entity86 carried out with NSAIDs and intravenous @entity1286 at the end of surgery and in regular intervals. In both groups Holter was applied for 24 hours. @entity158 evaluation was carried out through visual analog scale. RESULTS: In @entity158 evaluation, an evident predominance of 0 score (p<0.001) was observed in Group A and there was also reduction of blood pressure levels in postoperative period in a more accentuated way. @entity943 were five times more frequent in Group B (p=0.00001), in which a tendency to a higher frequency of @entity1540 in age>50 years (22.2% versus 0.0%. p=0.26) was also detected. No significative difference of heart rate among groups (p>0.05) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The best quality of @entity1337 in postoperative period, carried out in Group A, reduced the incidence of @entity65 .

title: Control of XXXX and incidence of @entity943 in postoperative period of thoracic and major abdominal surgical procedures: a comparative study.

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular and supraventricular dysrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['cardiocirculatory complications']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular extrasystoles']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity2897 :: ('MESH:C101584', 'Chemical') :: ['cisatracurium']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain through epidural block']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity263 ( @entity10982 ) is a serious health problem. The altered molecular mechanisms that lead to this disease are poorly understood. METHODS: Specimens from radical prostatectomies and blood were collected from 18 @entity10982 surgery @entity1 . For CGH studies, 20 @entity10982 -related samples (16 Gleason grade 3, 3 higher grades, 1 BPH sample) and 18 samples of @entity1 -matched normal epithelial cells were obtained by laser-assisted microdissection from frozen sections of the 18 prostatectomy specimens. High resolution SMRT aCGH was used to compare genomic profiles of prostatic samples to @entity1 -matched blood and pooled female DNA. @entity5435 -ERG fusion transcript analysis was performed by RT-PCR in relation to alterations detected at the @entity5435 locus. RESULTS: Our comprehensive aCGH approach allowed us to define 35 regions of recurrent alterations while excluding germline copy number polymorphisms. Novel regions identified include 2q14.2, containing @entity35859 , and 17q21.31. The @entity5435 locus at 21q22.3 may be a hotspot for rearrangements with 75% of the alterations resulting in the expression of a @entity5435 -ERG fusion transcript. Differences in fusion expression in different areas in an individual @entity5 focus and expression in adjacent normal epithelium supported intrafocal heterogeneity and field cancerization, respectively. Both features challenge our efforts to develop more objective markers for diagnosis and prediction of the severity of @entity10982 . CONCLUSION: The high-density array enabled precise mapping of genomic alterations and consequently definition of minimum altered regions smaller than previously reported thus facilitating identification of those genes that contribute to the @entity5 transformation process.

title: Minimum altered regions in early XXXX progression identified by high resolution whole genome tiling path BAC array comparative hybridization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma of the prostate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Otolaryngologists are frequently consulted to perform rigid bronchosopy in @entity1 with suspected @entity5744 , mucous plug occlusion of a mainstem or lobar bronchus, or other bronchial mass lesions. Chest radiographs that demonstrate unilateral lung or lobar collapse with a shift of mediastinal structures toward the affected side often prompt this referral. We describe 2 @entity1 , one with unilateral @entity20194 and one with @entity358 , who presented with these radiologic findings. In each case, the definitive diagnosis was made at the time of bronchosopy. The diagnosis might have been suspected preoperatively if the chest radiographs had been reviewed with this clinical entity in mind. Because of its variable clinical presentation, diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion. Although computed tomography of the chest is diagnostic, the diagnosis may be suggested by chronic changes in the contralateral aspect of the chest wall and lung expansion on chest radiographs. Misdiagnosis may subject the @entity1 to the unnecessary risks of bronchoscopy and to potential perforation of the rudimentary bronchus. Although @entity20194 is a rare entity, it may mimic more common airway lesions. Therefore, unilateral @entity20194 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pediatric airway lesions. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000;126:1386-1389

title: Unilateral XXXX presenting as an airway lesion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aplasia']

entities_list: @entity5744 :: ('MESH:D005547', 'Disease') :: ['foreign body aspiration']

entities_list: @entity20194 :: ('MESH:C537725', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary agenesis']

answer: @entity20194 :: (MESH:C537725,Disease) :: ['pulmonary agenesis']


abstract: We reviewed the incidence and treatment of flexor carpi radialis @entity924 in 77 @entity1 (81 thumbs) who had trapeziectomy and abductor pollicis longus suspensionplasty for thumb carpometacarpal joint @entity625 . Eighteen @entity1 , 20 wrists (25%) had flexor carpi radialis @entity924 . The onset was 2-10 months (mean 4.7) after surgery. Two cases had preceding @entity130 . Eight cases (40%) responded to splinting and @entity134 injection. Ten @entity1 , 12 wrists (60%) underwent surgery after failing non-operative treatment. Eleven wrists had frayed or partially torn flexor carpi radialis tendon and one had a complete @entity397 with pseudotendon formation. Flexor carpi radialis tenotomy and pseudotendon excision were performed. All operated @entity1 obtained @entity158 relief initially post-operatively. However, the @entity158 recurred in two @entity1 after 8 months. One required a local steroid injection for localized tenderness at the site of the proximal tendon stump. The other @entity1 required a revision operation for scaphotrapezoid impingement. Both obtained complete @entity158 relief. Our study has shown a high incidence of flexor carpi radialis @entity924 following trapeziectomy and abductor pollicis longus suspensionplasty. @entity1 should be warned about this potential complication.

title: High incidence and treatment of flexor carpi radialis XXXX after trapeziectomy and abductor pollicis longus suspensionplasty for @entity625 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['tendon rupture']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['good pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['tendinitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity12030 ( @entity12030 ) are @entity14827 characterized by progressive declines in neurological functions, @entity410 , and @entity204 . @entity12030 result from mutations in at least 13 different genes. @entity235 versions of the @entity12030 can serve as important models in developing effective therapeutic interventions for these diseases. @entity12030 have been described in a number of @entity235 breeds, including Chihuahuas. Studies were undertaken to further characterize the pathology of Chihuahua @entity38697 and to verify its molecular genetic basis. Four unrelated client owned Chihuahuas from Japan, Italy and England that exhibited progressive neurological signs consistent with a diagnosis of @entity38697 underwent neurological examinations. Brain and in some cases also retinal and heart tissues were examined postmortem for the presence of lysosomal storage bodies characteristic of @entity38697 . The affected @entity235 exhibited massive accumulation of autofluorescent lysosomal storage bodies in the brain, retina and heart accompanied by @entity1010 and @entity2000 . The @entity235 were screened for known @entity235 @entity38697 mutations previously reported in a variety of @entity235 breeds. All 4 @entity235 were homozygous for the @entity38698 single base pair deletion ( @entity38698 : @entity38699 ) previously associated with @entity38697 in a Chinese Crested @entity235 and in 2 affected littermate Chihuahuas from Scotland. The @entity235 were all homozygous for the normal alleles at the other genetic loci known to cause different forms of @entity235 @entity38697 . The @entity38698 : @entity38699 mutation was not present in 57 Chihuahuas that were either clinically normal or suffered from unrelated diseases or in 1761 unaffected @entity235 representing 186 other breeds. Based on these data it is almost certain that the @entity38698 : @entity38699 mutation is the cause of @entity38697 in Chihuahuas. Because the disorder occurred in widely separated geographic locations or in unrelated @entity235 from the same country, it is likely that the mutant allele is widespread among Chihuahuas. Genetic testing for this mutation in other Chihuahuas is therefore likely to identify intact @entity235 with the mutant allele that could be used to establish a research colony that could be used to test potential therapeutic interventions for the corresponding @entity1 disease.

title: @entity12030 associated with an XXXX mutation in Chihuahuas.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'Canine', 'dog', 'dogs']

entities_list: @entity12030 :: ('MESH:D009472', 'Disease') :: ['NCLs', 'neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['premature death']

entities_list: @entity14827 :: ('MESH:D020271', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary neurodegenerative disorders']

answer: @entity38698 :: (476086(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['MFSD8']


abstract: Many @entity1 become @entity645 + due to mother-to- @entity1 transmission, a risk that can be largely eliminated if infants ingest antiretroviral (ARV) medications immediately after birth. As most mothers in Africa deliver at home, the ARV must be provided at their last antenatal visit, sometimes months before birth. No current drug delivery system allows the mother to store the medication at home long enough to be effective. We propose a preserving, foilized, @entity691 pouch to be pre-dosed and sealed by a pharmacist for later delivery to the newborn.Pouches were filled with 0.6 ml of @entity5198 ( @entity16333 ). Thirty-three pouches were immediately studied to measure the impact of medication handling ( @entity26 , light, filling and sealing the pouches). The remaining samples were stored for up to one year at three storage conditions (25  C/60%RH, 30  C/65%RH, and 40  C/75%RH). Every two months, moisture loss, preservative concentration, impurity concentrations and @entity16333 concentration were measured. Flora and fauna challenges were conducted.THE POUCH NEARLY ELIMINATED MOISTURE LOSS: pouches lost less than 0.7% of their weight over twelve months. As expected, exposing the medication to light, @entity26 , and handling significantly affected the sacrificial preservative concentrations ( @entity22590 dropped 38%, @entity5498 paraben dropped 12% at time point zero). However, after the initial time point, preservative levels were stable in the package over twelve months under all storage conditions (4.1% average concentration drop), leaving sufficient preservatives to protect the medication. The concentration of @entity16333 changed an average of only 1.3% over all storage conditions and times points (maximum 1.4%).We conclude that the foilized @entity691 pouch can preserve @entity16333 , and perhaps other ARV's, for up to one year.

title: A Foilized @entity691 Pouch for the Prevention of Transmission of @entity645 from Mother to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity22590 :: ('MESH:C006068', 'Chemical') :: ['Propyl paraben']

entities_list: @entity5198 :: ('MESH:D019829', 'Chemical') :: ['Nevirapine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Child']


abstract: When a @entity1 presents a @entity16 , it is important to consider drugs is a possible cause. The risk to suffer @entity16 by drugs is unknown. It is difficult to calculate the number of @entity734 or the number of occasional drug users. It is important take into account that some @entity1 are using more than one drug. The acute use of @entity835 induces important changes in cognition and psychomotor performance. No signs of @entity2359 were found in chronic marihuana users. Some "designer drugs" can induce @entity2359 . @entity14842 , that have hallucinogenic activity, is a neurotoxin in animals. @entity5212 kill dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, inducing @entity191 . Volatile substances containing @entity8336 or @entity1045 are usually abused by young @entity1 . They can produce @entity16 when are used chronically (p. ex. @entity194 or @entity1897 ).

title: [Neurologic complications of @entity734 . General aspects. Complications caused by XXXX , designer drugs and volatile substances].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder', 'neurological damage', 'neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug addicts']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity835 :: (MESH:D002189,Disease) :: ['cannabis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Plasma levels of cellular fibronectin (c-Fn) > or =3.6 microg/mL and of @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ) > or =140 ng/mL have been associated with parenchymal @entity1410 (PH) after treatment with @entity3479 ( @entity3479 ) in @entity1 with acute @entity385 . In this prospective study, we sought to validate the predictive capacity of the preestablished cutoff values of these biomarkers for PH in a larger series of @entity1 . METHODS: We studied 134 @entity1 treated with @entity3479 within 3 hours from symptom onset according to the SITS-MOST criteria (median time to infusion, 152 minutes; median National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale score, 14) in 4 university hospitals. Hemorrhagic transformation was classified according to the European-Australasian @entity64 on computed tomography scans performed 24 to 36 hours after treatment. Relevant hemorrhagic transformation was defined as @entity385 or any PH. Serum c-Fn and @entity1495 levels were determined by an ELISA om blood samples obtained before treatment. RESULTS: Cranial computed tomography showed hemorrhagic transformation in 27 @entity1 (20%), @entity385 in 15 (type 2 in 8 @entity1 ), and PH in 12 @entity1 (symptomatic in 4). Serum c-Fn and @entity1495 concentrations at baseline were significantly higher in @entity1 with relevant hemorrhagic transformation and PH than in those without (all P<0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for PH by c-Fn levels > or =3.6 microg/mL were 100%, 60%, 20%, and 100%, respectively, whereas corresponding values were 92%, 74%, 26%, and 99% for @entity1495 levels > or =140 ng/mL. When both biomarkers were at levels above the cutoff points, specificity increased to 87% and the positive predictive value increased to 41%. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective study confirmed the high sensitivity and negative predictive value, with retained good specificity, of c-Fn and @entity1495 for the prediction of PH in @entity1 treated with @entity3479 . Development of faster analytic methods will prove the applicability of these biomarkers in routine clinical practice.

title: Serum cellular fibronectin and @entity1495 as screening biomarkers for the prediction of parenchymal @entity1410 after thrombolytic therapy in acute XXXX : a multicenter confirmatory study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Acute Stroke Study II definitions', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase-9']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue-type plasminogen activator', 't-PA']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'hemorrhagic infarction type 2', 'hemorrhagic infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: @entity842 (NO) is an important intracellular and extracellular signal substance. @entity3542 is one product of the oxidative metabolism of NO. The purpose of this study was to establish a simple method of determining @entity3542 ( @entity6836 ) to provide a means of estimating the endogenous formation of NO or @entity6836 -. A flow injection analysis (FIA) based on the Griess reaction was developed for this purpose. Using a standard additive method, it is possible to eliminate matrix effects such as those that can occur in samples containing protein. This measuring method is suitable for measurements in effluates or protein-rich cellular supernatants. The sensitivity of the method is 2 nmol/L for samples in aqueous phases and 8 nmol/L for protein-containing phases. The two-point discrimination is 2 nmol/L. A linear correlation between @entity3542 and signal level can be demonstrated over a range of 0.002-5 micromol/L. Reproducibility, including sample preparation and analysis, can be specified with a coefficient of variation (C.V.) of 6.7%. Day-to-day variability for identical samples 0.8% (C.V.). This study presents examples of the application of this method (measurements in blood samples and in isolated perfused hearts) and compares them to established methods of measuring NO and @entity6836 . We found the FIA method to be equally sensitive as NO measurement by means of oxyhemoglobin assay. The FIA method is seven times more sensitive than HPLC methods, and its design is significantly simpler. Compared to the traditional Griess method, its sensitivity is higher by a factor of 500. With its high sensitivity, high reproducibility, and its unsurpassed low susceptibility to interference, this method of analysis provides a means of reliably determining @entity3542 concentration as a marker of NO formation in various matrices. Therefore, it can be a valuable instrument in experimental and clinical studies to determine the physiologic and pathophysiologic relevance of NO.

title: Reevaluation of the Griess method for determining NO/ XXXX - in aqueous and protein-containing samples.

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrite', 'nitrite']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

answer: @entity6836 :: (CHEBI:29785,Chemical) :: ['NO2']


abstract: @entity14537 (OMIM #117550) is a @entity154 characterized by overgrowth with advanced bone age, @entity4651 , and learning difficulties. Endocrine complications of this syndrome have not yet been fully described in previous reports. We here investigated the clinical manifestations of @entity14537 in Japanese @entity1 who presented with hyperinsulinemic @entity4053 of @entity950 . We recruited @entity1 diagnosed as having @entity14537 who presented with the complication of @entity3190 during the neonatal period using a survey of the abstracts of Pediatric Meetings in domestic areas of Japan from 2007 to 2011. As a result, five @entity1 (four females and one male) were recruited to evaluate the clinical presentation of @entity14537 by reference to the clinical record of each @entity1 . A 5q35 deletion including the @entity14538 gene was detected in all @entity1 . @entity154 in the central nervous, cardiovascular, and genito-urinary systems were frequently found. @entity4053 occurred between 0.5 and 3   hr after birth and high levels of insulin were initially found within 3 days of birth. The @entity1 were treated with intravenous @entity413 infusion at a maximum rate of 4.6-11.0   mg/kg/min for 12-49 days. Three of the five @entity1 required nasal tube feeding. One @entity1 received medical treatment with @entity6335 . This study shows that @entity1 with @entity14537 may present with transient hyperinsulinemic @entity4053 in the neonatal period.

title: Hyperinsulinemic XXXX of @entity14537 .

entities_list: @entity14537 :: ('MESH:D058495', 'Disease') :: ['Sotos syndrome']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Major anomalies', 'congenital syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6335 :: ('MESH:D003981', 'Chemical') :: ['diazoxide']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoglycemia', 'hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity4651 :: ('MESH:D058627', 'Disease') :: ['macrocephaly']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia']


abstract: Diffuse uterine @entity20866 (DUL) is a rare entity with an unknown etiopathogenesis. A 24 years old female presented with abdominal discomfort and @entity931 . Clinical and ultrasonographic examination revealed an enlarged uterus. The hysterectomy specimen showed a symmetrically enlarged uterus with a bosselated external surface. The cut surface showed multiple nodules of varying sizes diffusely involving the myometrium. Microscopically, the nodules were @entity2909 of varying degrees of cellularity. Some of the @entity2909 showed an increased vascularity either in the form of congeries of blood vessels with a lobular arrangement or occasionally as foci of 2-3 vessels. The vessels were surrounded by whorls of spindle cells. On immunohistochemistry the @entity2909 expressed @entity2277 , @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ), @entity2283 and @entity2282 : the cells whorling around the blood vessels expressed @entity2277 , @entity3960 and focally @entity2283 and were negative for @entity2282 and HMB-45. The aim of this paper is to document that @entity2282 is expressed in diffuse uterine @entity20866 and discuss the histogenesis of DUL.

title: XXXX in diffuse uterine @entity20866 : a case report along with a few comments on histogenesis.

entities_list: @entity20866 :: ('MESH:D018231', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomatosis']

entities_list: @entity3960 :: ('MESH:D018235', 'Disease') :: ['SMA', 'smooth muscle actin']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomas']

answer: @entity2282 :: (4311,Gene) :: ['CD10']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity2600 and @entity632 in the treatment of @entity1 with early recurrent or @entity902 -refractory @entity43 . Nineteen @entity1 from five different institutions were treated. Two @entity1 had @entity902 -refractory @entity5 , 11 had @entity902 -resistant disease, and 6 had @entity902 -sensitive @entity5 . An intravenous infusion of @entity2600 (50 mg/m(2)) was given on days 1, 8, and 15, while @entity632 (40 mg/m(2)) was administered as an intravenous bolus on day 3. This treatment schedule was repeated every 4 weeks. Among the 13 @entity1 defined as having @entity902 -refractory/ @entity902 -resistant disease, 4 @entity1 achieved a clinical response (30.8%, 95% CI: 9.1-61.4), while only one of 6 @entity1 defined as having @entity902 -sensitive disease achieved a clinical response (16.7%, 95% CI: 0.4-64.1). @entity1431 and @entity1398 were the major dose-limiting @entity137 . Grade 3 or 4 @entity1431 and @entity1398 were noted in 24 (48%) and 33 (66%) of the courses, while @entity1398 occurred in 2 courses. Five @entity1 (26%) had grade 2 or worse @entity294 during 7 courses. Our data demonstrated that this regimen might be comparable to standard approved agents in @entity1 with early recurrent or @entity902 refractory @entity43 .

title: Phase II study of @entity2600 plus XXXX for early recurrent or @entity902 -refractory @entity43 : interim analysis.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['Irinotecan', 'irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia', 'Leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: The contribution of social factors to seasonal plasticity in singing behavior and forebrain nuclei controlling song, and their interplay with gonadal @entity134 hormones are still poorly understood. In many songbird species, @entity251 (T) enhances singing behavior but elevated plasma T concentrations are not absolutely required for singing to occur. Singing is generally produced either to defend a territory or to attract a mate and it is therefore not surprising that singing rate can be influenced by the sex and behavior of the social partner. We investigated, based on two independent experiments, the effect of the presence of a male or female partner on the rate of song produced by male canaries. In the first experiment, song rate was measured in dyads composed of one male and one female (M-F) or two males (M-M). Birds were implanted with T-filled Silastic capsules or with empty capsules as control. The number of complete song bouts produced by all males was recorded during 240 min on week 1, 2, 4, and 8 after implantation. On the day following each recording session, brains from approximately one-fourth of the birds were collected and the volumes of the song control nuclei HVC and @entity309 were measured. T increased the singing rate and volume of HVC and @entity309 but these effects were affected by the social context. Singing rates were higher in the M-M than in the M-F dyads. Also, in the M-M dyads a dominance-subordination relationship soon became established and dominant males sang at higher rates than subordinates in T-treated but not in control pairs. The differences in song production were not reflected in the size of the song control nuclei: HVC was larger in M-F than in M-M males and within the M-M dyads, no difference in HVC or @entity309 size could be detected between dominant and subordinate males. At the individual level, the song rate with was positively correlated with @entity309 and to a lower degree HVC volume, but this relationship was observed only in M-M dyads, specifically in dominant males. A second experiment, carried out with castrated males that were all treated with T and exposed either to another T-treated castrate or to an @entity53 -implanted female, confirmed that song rate was higher in the M-M than in the M-F condition and that HVC volume was larger in heterosexual than in same-sex dyads. The effects of T on singing rate and on the volume of the song control nuclei are thus modulated by the social environment, including the presence/absence of a potential mate and dominance status among males.

title: Social context affects XXXX -induced singing and the volume of song control nuclei in male canaries (Serinus canaria).

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: The diagnosis of @entity649 ( @entity649 ) carries significant additional morbidity and mortality among critically injured @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study using a prospectively maintained @entity649 database. SETTING: Surgical intensive care unit (ICU) in an academic county hospital. @entity1 : All @entity130 @entity1 admitted to the ICU from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2003, who developed @entity649 as defined by (1) acute onset, (2) a partial pressure of arterial @entity26 -fraction of inspired @entity26 ratio of 200 or less, (3) @entity358 on chest radiographs, and (4) absence of @entity712 . Each @entity1 with @entity649 was matched with 2 control @entity1 without @entity649 on the basis of sex, age (+/-5 years), mechanism of injury (blunt or penetrating), Injury Severity Score (+/-3), and chest Abbreviated Injury Score (+/-1). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality, hospital charges, hospital and ICU lengths of stay, and complications (defined as @entity55 , @entity1150 , @entity1151 , @entity810 , and disseminated @entity1003 ). RESULTS: Of 2042 @entity130 ICU admissions, 216 @entity1 (10.6%) met criteria for @entity649 . We identified 432 similarly injured control @entity1 . Compared with controls, @entity130 @entity1 with @entity649 had more complications (43.1% vs 9.5%), longer hospital (32.2 vs 17.9 days) and ICU (22.1 vs 8.4 days) lengths of stay, and higher hospital charges (267,037 dollars vs 136,680 dollars) (P < .01 for all), but mortality was similar (27.8% vs 25.0%, P = .48). CONCLUSION: Although @entity649 is associated with increased morbidity, hospital and ICU length of stay, and costs, it does not increase overall mortality among critically ill @entity130 @entity1 .

title: Acute XXXX in the @entity130 intensive care unit: Morbid but not mortal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['left-sided heart failure']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral pulmonary infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence and ocular effects of @entity130 due to injury from airsoft gun pellets. METHODS: We conducted a non-comparative case series based on the files of 33 @entity1 who suffered @entity4858 from airsoft guns and were admitted to one university emergency eye clinic in Copenhagen during a 5-year period. RESULTS: A total of 33 eyes in 33 @entity1 were examined. Thirty male and three female @entity1 were affected. Mean age was 13 years (range 3-49 years). Mean follow-up time was 6.5 days (range 1-540 days). On initial examination, we found: hyphaema (n = 28), @entity2687 (n = 22), @entity2479 (n = 11), subconjunctival @entity548 (n = 10), @entity548 and/or @entity4 (n = 9), iris dialysis (n = 7), intraocular pressure (IOP) > 31 mmHg (n = 4), IOP < 9 mmHg (n = 4), vitreous @entity548 (n = 2) and @entity231 (n = 1). One @entity1 had @entity2687 due to severe chronic hyphaema that required surgery. The final visual acuity was 1.0 in 20 @entity1 and < or = 0.7 in five @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The airsoft gun trauma resulted in anterior and posterior segment @entity4858 that required acute medical intervention and for which some @entity1 were hospitalized. @entity130 mainly occurred in @entity1 and youths. A longterm risk of @entity726 is expected. Eye care professionals and parents as well as manufacturers of airsoft guns should advise @entity1 to wear adequate protection when involved in this activity.

title: 33 cases of airsoft gun pellet XXXX in Copenhagen, Denmark, 1998-2002.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['palpebral haemorrhage', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal oedema']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['ocular injuries', 'ocular injury']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal abrasion', 'brown corneal discoloration']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma', 'Trauma']

answer: @entity4858 :: (MESH:D005131,Disease) :: ['ocular injuries']


abstract: Peptide T is an octapeptide from the V2 region of @entity2858 @entity2859 . It has been shown to resolve @entity75 --an inflammatory @entity272 . The mechanisms of anti-inflammatory actions of peptide T are not well understood. @entity1198 cytokines such as @entity1199 , and @entity379 are upregulated in @entity1569 . These cytokines play a key role in the inflammatory and proliferative processes of @entity1569 . The effects of peptide T on @entity1198 and Th2 cytokines were studied in order to elucidate the mechanisms of antiinflammatory actions of peptide T. It was observed that peptide T at 10(-8) M induces @entity688 production by the @entity1 Th2 cell line and PBMC (P < 0.05, ANOVA). Also peptide T at 10(-9) M concentration significantly inhibited @entity379 production by PBMC (P < 0.001, ANOVA). Anti @entity688 antibody inhibited the anti- @entity379 effect of peptide T (P < 0.05, t-test). Our study shows that peptide T induces @entity688 production and inhibits @entity379 production. @entity688 is a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine. It inhibits @entity1199 and @entity379 production from the T cells and downregulates the expression of @entity310 in the antigen presenting cells. Recently, @entity688 has been shown to resolve @entity75 . The effects of peptide T on @entity688 and @entity379 production provides a plausible explanation for its clinical efficacy in @entity1569 .

title: Immunomodulatory effects of peptide T on XXXX /Th 2 cytokines.

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease']

answer: @entity1198 :: (51497,Gene) :: ['Th 1']


abstract: @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) is a disease of @entity1200 that resembles an @entity792 . It usually involves the skin, mucosal and serosal surfaces and, less commonly, the hematopoietic system. We report @entity5714 ( @entity5714 ) as the primary manifestation of de novo @entity2132 in recipients of partially mismatched related donor transplants. Five of 40 eligible @entity1 developed @entity5714 at a median of 168 days post-transplant. Recipients were mismatched for one to three major HLA antigens. Conditioning therapy consisted of total body irradiation, @entity2879 , @entity2592 , cycle- @entity21093 and @entity230 . GVHD prophylaxis included partial T cell depletion, using anti alpha/beta CD3 antibody (T10B9) and complement, in addition to post-transplant immunosuppression. At presentation, all @entity1 were receiving @entity205 with or without low-dose @entity230 . Along with a mean Hb of 7.1 g%, @entity1 had an increased reticulocyte count, a mild raised lactic dehydrogenase and a positive Coombs' test (in 2/5 @entity1 ). Four @entity1 had also demonstrated a decrease in platelet count. Treatment was initiated with high-dose @entity230 and intravenous gamma globulin and response was observed within 1 week. Awareness of this presentation of @entity2132 and early therapeutic intervention can result in successful reversal of presumed immune-mediated red cell and @entity1423 .

title: De novo chronic graft-versus-host disease presenting as XXXX following partially mismatched related donor bone marrow transplant .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet destruction']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic graft-versus-host disease', 'cGVHD']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia', 'HA']

entities_list: @entity21093 :: ('MESH:D004117', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphamide']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity5714 :: (MESH:D000743,Disease) :: ['hemolytic anemia']