abstract: @entity3305 ( @entity5862 vulvae) are a relatively common disorder of the external genitalia in prepubertal @entity1 . They usually occur between 3 months and 6 years of age, with a peak between 13 and 23 months of life. In the majority of cases, labial adhesions are asymptomatic and noticed by the parents or a physician during a routine physical examination. Frequently, they cause recurrent @entity293 . This report presents the case of a 15-month-old @entity1 with recurrent labial adhesions and @entity293 . She was followed-up by a urologist from the age of 3 months, treated topically ( @entity11111 @entity12285 mg/g and emollients) and surgically. No signs of androgenization were seen apart from advanced bone age. Urinary @entity134 profile and molecular analysis confirmed the diagnosis of @entity32889 ( @entity32889 ) @entity12554 . In the described case, a coincidence of @entity32889 and @entity3305 cannot be excluded particularly in view of the resolving of @entity293 at the same time as resolving of labial adhesions. However, it seems that in cases of recurrent @entity3305 / @entity5862 that require repeated surgical interventions in view of ineffectiveness of conservative treatment - as it was observed in the presented case - one should consider searching for @entity32889 . This may allow not only for the causal treatment of labial adhesions but, above all, @entity32889 and, in consequence, the prevention of intensification of virilization, hirsutism, menstrual cycle, and fertility disturbances that are observed starting from puberty.

title: A case of recurrent labial adhesions in a 15-month-old @entity1 with asymptomatic non-classic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12554 :: ('MESH:C535979', 'Disease') :: ['due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency']

entities_list: @entity3305 :: ('MESH:D006560', 'Disease') :: ['Labial adhesions', 'labial adhesion']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity32889 :: ('MESH:C537877', 'Disease') :: ['non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia', 'NCCAH']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity12554 :: (MESH:C535979,Disease) :: ['congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 and young adults treated with total body or abdominal radiotherapy have an increased risk of insulin resistance and @entity6 . However, little is known of the effect of @entity788 irradiation on the risk of @entity6 . We assessed the relation between radiation exposure and occurrence of @entity6 in a large cohort of long-term @entity5 survivors. METHODS: We sent a questionnaire to 3468 survivors of a @entity5 treated in eight centres in France and the UK between 1946 and 1985, of which 2520 were returned. Each self-declaration of @entity6 was confirmed by contacting the @entity1 ' medical doctors. We estimated the radiation dose received by the tail, head, and body of the @entity788 and 185 other anatomical sites during each course of radiotherapy from 1990 to 1995 for each @entity1 after reconstruction of the conditions in which irradiation was delivered. We investigated the relation between radiation dose to the @entity788 and the risk of a subsequent @entity6 diagnosis. FINDINGS: 65 cases of @entity6 were validated. The risk of @entity6 increased strongly with radiation dose to the tail of the @entity788 , where the islets of Langerhans are concentrated, up to 20-29 Gy and then reached a plateau for higher radiation doses. The estimated relative risk at 1 Gy was 1  61 (95% CI 1  21-2  68). The radiation dose to the other parts of the @entity788 did not have a significant effect. Compared with @entity1 who did not receive radiotherapy, the relative risk of @entity6 was 11  5 (95% CI 3  9-34  0) in @entity1 who received 10 Gy or more to the tail of the @entity788 . Results were unchanged after adjustment for body-mass index, despite its strong independent effect (p<0  0001), and were similar between @entity1 and @entity1 . @entity1 younger than 2 years at time of radiotherapy were more sensitive to radiation than were older @entity1 (relative risk at 1 Gy 2  1 [95% CI 1  4-4  3] vs 1  4 [95% CI 1  1-2  2] in older @entity1 ; p=0  02 for the difference). For the 511 @entity1 who had received more than 10 Gy to the tail of the @entity788 , the cumulative incidence of @entity6 was 16% (95% CI 11-24). INTERPRETATION: Our study provides evidence of a dose-response relation between radiation exposure of @entity788 and subsequent risk of @entity6 . Because of the risks observed and the frequency of @entity6 in general population, this finding raises important public health issues. The @entity788 needs to be regarded as a critical organ when planning radiation therapy, particularly in @entity1 . Follow-up of @entity1 who received abdominal irradiation should include @entity6 screening.

title: Radiation dose to the @entity788 and risk of XXXX in @entity5 survivors: a retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'Children', 'child', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['childhood cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the spectrum of MR findings of presumed @entity2720 of the @entity572 in @entity1 on long-term hemodialysis. We prospectively performed T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo imaging on 152 consecutive @entity1 on hemodialysis. The duration of hemodialysis ranged from 5 months to 24 years, 2 months (mean: 8 years, 8 months). The frequency, location, and signal intensity of @entity79 were assessed. In 12 cases with contrast-enhanced MR examination, enhancement pattern of @entity79 , @entity75 , and intra-articular lesions were characterized. @entity79 presumed to be @entity527 were identified in 60 @entity1 (39%). Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that @entity75 were more extensive than anticipated by plain radiographs. All @entity79 showed decreased signal intensity on T1-weighted images. On T2-weighted images, @entity79 showed increased signal intensity in 32 @entity1 (54%), decreased signal intensity in 11 @entity1 (18%), and both increased and decreased signal intensity in 17 @entity1 (28%). Following intravenous injection of @entity2287 -based contrast, all @entity79 showed moderate enhancement. Synovial thickening could not be identified on T1- and T2-weighted images. However, contrast-enhanced images showed thickened synovial membrane, which could be differentiated from joint fluid. Intra-articular nodules showed decreased or intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and decreased signal intensity on T2-weighted images; the intra-articular nodules were contiguous with subchondral @entity79 . Magnetic resonance imaging is useful for evaluating the distribution and extent of @entity2783 in @entity1 undergoing long-term hemodialysis.

title: Amyloid XXXX of the hip joint: MR demonstration of presumed @entity75 in 152 @entity1 with long-term hemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposits']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis of the hip joints']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['synovial lesions', 'amyloid lesions']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions', 'Bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip joints']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['arthropathy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The use of autoadhesive meshes with hooks that allow fixation without sutures is a therapeutic alternative to decrease recurrence and @entity1118 after @entity169 . The aim of this study was to evaluate if this kind of mesh has any advantage in long term results in comparison with the classic Lichtenstein technique with sutures and @entity7502 mesh. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We report a prospective and randomized study of @entity1 who have been operated on for @entity169 between march of 2009 to march 2010, divided into 2 groups of 45 @entity1 . In AutoAdhesive (AA) group, we included @entity1 operated on with an autoadhesive mesh and in Classic Lichtenstein (CL) group we included cases with an inguinal hernioplasty with sutured @entity7502 mesh. We evaluated time of inactivity, complications, recurrences and grade of @entity158 after one year. RESULTS: The mean age was 60 years in AA group and 49 in LC group. There were more @entity1 than @entity1 and there were no differences in co-morbilities between groups. The mean size of hernia orifice was 3cm in both groups and 60% of the @entity547 were indirect. After one year, 77 @entity1 were evaluated; 39 in LC group and 38 in AA group. 86,8% and 87,2% of them were asymptomatic. The mean time of recovery of daily activities was 15 days in both groups. There were neither recurrences nor severe @entity1118 in the AA group. The mean of grade of @entity158 was 0 (range:0-4) in AA group and 0 (range: 0-5) in LC group. In this group, there was one recurrence and one @entity1 was taking analgesics for intense @entity158 . No mortality nor other long term complications were found. CONCLUSION: The use of autoadhesive and parcial reabsorbible meshes in @entity169 has no effect on recovery of daily activities, @entity282 and long term complications compared with hernioplasty with @entity7502 mesh fixed with monofilament suture.

title: [Prospective randomized trial of long-term results of @entity169 using autoadhesive mesh compared to classic Lichtenstein technique with sutures and XXXX mesh].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair', 'inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity7502 :: (MESH:D011126,Chemical) :: ['polypropylene']


abstract: CONTEXT: Exercise is widely perceived to be beneficial for glycemic control and @entity353 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . However, clinical trials on the effects of exercise in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 have had small sample sizes and conflicting results. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review and quantify the effect of exercise on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) and body mass in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . DATA SOURCES: Database searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Sport Discuss, Health Star, Dissertation Abstracts, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register for the period up to and including December 2000. Additional data sources included bibliographies of textbooks and articles identified by the database searches. STUDY SELECTION: We selected studies that evaluated the effects of exercise interventions (duration >/=8 weeks) in adults with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Fourteen (11 randomized and 3 nonrandomized) controlled trials were included. Studies that included drug cointerventions were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers independently extracted baseline and postintervention means and SDs for the intervention and control groups. The characteristics of the exercise interventions and the methodological quality of the trials were also extracted. DATA SYNTHESIS: Twelve aerobic training studies (mean [SD], 3.4 [0.9] times/week for 18 [15] weeks) and 2 resistance training studies (mean [SD], 10 [0.7] exercises, 2.5 [0.7] sets, 13 [0.7] repetitions, 2.5 [0.4] times/week for 15 [10] weeks) were included in the analyses. The weighted mean postintervention HbA(1c) was lower in the exercise groups compared with the control groups (7.65% vs 8.31%; weighted mean difference, -0.66%; P<.001). The difference in postintervention body mass between exercise groups and control groups was not significant (83.02 kg vs 82.48 kg; weighted mean difference, 0.54; P =.76). CONCLUSION: Exercise training reduces HbA(1c) by an amount that should decrease the risk of @entity2412 , but no significantly greater change in body mass was found when exercise groups were compared with control groups.

title: Effects of exercise on glycemic control and body mass in XXXX : a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic complications']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to assess knowledge and therapeutic preferences in the treatment of @entity1 suffering from @entity484 in general practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was mailed to 700 Danish general physicians. Based on the case report of a @entity1 suffering from @entity5526 on the hands and forearms for 4 months, the general physicians were asked to make a diagnosis, prescribe medication, advise the @entity1 about general skin protection and consider a referral to a dermatologist. RESULTS: 451 (64%) completed the questionnaire. The diagnosis @entity5526 was made by almost all respondents (98%). A more potent topical @entity134 was the most frequently prescribed medication, alternatively in combination with an antibiotic component. A subgroup (16%) wanted to prescribe a less potent topical @entity134 . Only 20% of the respondents wanted to refer the @entity1 to a dermatologist at the first consultation. CONCLUSION: Danish general physicians recognise the symptoms of @entity5526 . The medical treatment is predominantly in agreement with general recommendations. A minor group would choose a less potent medication which could result in an inferior treatment. Attention should be paid to the fact that @entity1 suffering from @entity5526 which lasts more than one month ought to be referred to a dermatologist.

title: [Knowledge and therapeutic preferences in the treatment of XXXX in general practice].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity5526 :: ('MESH:D003877', 'Disease') :: ['contact eczema']

entities_list: @entity484 :: ('MESH:D004485', 'Disease') :: ['hand eczema']

answer: @entity484 :: (MESH:D004485,Disease) :: ['hand eczema']


abstract: HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 61-year-old @entity1 suffering from histologically confirmed @entity2783 associated with coagulation disturbances presented with exercise induced @entity1353 and symptoms of @entity299 after four cycles of chemotherapy with melphalan and @entity617 . As a result, treatment with @entity8451 was initiated. In addition @entity1483 and an oral @entity1507 were administered. INVESTIGATIONS: Disparity between electrocardiogram and echocardiographic findings was observed in that, while the electrocardiogram showed loss of 'R wave in precordial leads V(2 - 4), excessive thickening of both left and right ventricular wall was shown in the echocardiogram. Doppler-echocardiography revealed a left @entity3585 at rest with a peak pressure gradient of 64 mm Hg which rose to 145 mm Hg during Valsalva manoeuvre. Colour Doppler presented a moderate @entity339 and the transmitral Doppler flow studies detected a restrictive left ventricular filling pattern. DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND COURSE: Digitalis therapy was stopped because of the outflow tract obstruction complicating @entity299 . Cardiac symptoms abated over the following weeks. This improvement was reflected in a significant reduction of the outflow tract gradient, the gradients now being 16 mm Hg under resting conditions and a maximum of 36 mm Hg during the Valsalva manoeuvre. The transmitral Doppler flow pattern showed a pseudonormalisation and the mitral regurgitation regressed nearly completely. The @entity1 was free from cardiac complaints until his @entity944 21 months after the diagnosis of @entity299 . CONCLUSION: @entity299 can present with left @entity3585 mimicking @entity1121 . This fact must be borne in mind to avoid therapy with preload-reducing or positive inotropic drugs and especially glycosides.

title: [Augmentation of left ventricular outflow tract gradient by digitalis glycosides in a case of cardiac (AL-) XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular outflow tract obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity8451 :: ('MESH:D004074', 'Chemical') :: ['digitoxin']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac amyloidosis', 'cardiac amyloidosis', 'cardiac asthma']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity2783 :: (MESH:D000686,Disease) :: ['amyloidosis']


abstract: Fifty-eight @entity1 with @entity5 (according to the @entity5 Study Group) underwent 86 operative procedures. Initial diagnostic or therapeutic operations were followed by chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and second- or third-look procedures were performed on @entity1 whose @entity5 showed evidence of clinical response. Complete resection was obtained during the initial procedure in 12 @entity1 , during the second operation in 12 others, and at the time of the third procedure in two additional @entity1 . Twenty of these 26 @entity1 have survived with no evidence of disease for a median duration of greater than 3 years since initiation of therapy. Only nine of the 32 @entity1 in whom complete @entity5 excision could not be accomplished are still alive. The chemotherapy and radiation therapy employed in this protocol may have enhanced resectability in many @entity1 . The site of the @entity5 does not seem to influence ease of resectability or outcome in this group. The "favorable" prognostic factors of @entity1 age and histopathology of the @entity5 do not necessarily predict that the @entity5 will be resectable. While @entity1 with complete resection at the time of the second operation had an outcome superior to those with incomplete resections, the influence of the inherent @entity5 biology or other selection factors on the @entity5 resectability in these @entity1 is not known. Extensive operative procedures were required to completely resect @entity5 , and a moderate complication rate may be anticipated. However, this may be justifiable if complete @entity5 resection can be achieved and ultimate @entity1 survival possibly enhanced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Improvement in survival after excision of @entity5 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III neuroblastoma', 'eventual tumor', 'primary tumor', 'stage III tumors', 'Childrens Cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage III neuroblastoma']


abstract: A 62-year-old @entity1 with a history of @entity1002 due to @entity378 was referred to our hospital, because chest radiography showed diffuse miliary shadows in the bilateral lung fields, and acid-fast bacilli were detected from his hemosputum after @entity134 therapy for fever of unknown origin. Chest computed tomography showed mediastinal lymph node enlargement with partial calcification of these lymph nodes together with the presence of air. He was diagnosed with @entity9758 and @entity378 mediastinal @entity3298 and anti- @entity378 drug therapy was started. Massive @entity6552 occurred 11 days after the start of the treatment. Although gastroendoscopy was performed, the @entity548 point could not be identified. The @entity1 's symptoms improved after conservative therapy. Repeat gastroendoscopy showed a submucosal nodule with laceration of the esophageal mucosa, 30 days after admission for the examination of melena and progression of @entity417 . The episodes occurred because of esophageal perforation secondary to @entity378 mediastinal @entity3298 . Bronchoscopic examination for hemosputum showed an @entity198 in the left tracheal wall. These symptoms improved with anti- @entity378 drug therapy. In our case, mediastinal @entity3298 progressed to @entity9758 because of endogenous reactivation. We report a rare case of esophageal perforation with a tracheal inflammatory polyp secondary to @entity378 mediastinal @entity3298 . In cases of @entity378 mediastinal @entity3298 , if @entity6552 or hemosputum is observed, an endoscopic examination should be performed.

title: [Case of @entity9758 with esophageal perforation and a tracheal inflammatory polyp secondary to mediastinal @entity3298 causing massive XXXX and hemosputum].

entities_list: @entity6552 :: ('MESH:D006396', 'Disease') :: ['hematemesis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory polypoid lesion']

entities_list: @entity9758 :: ('MESH:D014391', 'Disease') :: ['miliary tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenitis']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left nephrectomy']

answer: @entity6552 :: (MESH:D006396,Disease) :: ['hematemesis']


abstract: An improved screening plate method for the detection of @entity535 decarboxylase-positive microorganisms (especially @entity880 bacteria) was developed. The suitability and detection level of the designed medium were quantitatively evaluated by confirmation of @entity6115 -forming capacity using an HPLC procedure. The potential to produce the biogenic @entity4478 (BA) @entity6114 , @entity112 , @entity7224 , and @entity7226 , was investigated in a wide number of @entity880 bacteria (LAB) of different origin, including starter cultures, protective cultures, type strains and strains isolated from different food products. Also, several strains of Enterobacteriaceae were examined. Modifications to previously described methods included lowering @entity413 and @entity2827 concentrations, and increasing the buffer effect with @entity4959 and @entity17500 . In addition, @entity2707 was included as a codecarboxylase factor for its enhancing effect on the @entity535 decarboxylase activity. The screening plate method showed a good correlation with the chemical analysis and due to its simplicity it is presented as a suitable and sensitive method to investigate the capacity of biogenic @entity6115 production by LAB. @entity6114 was the main @entity6115 formed by the LAB strains investigated. Enterococci, carnobacteria and some strains of lactobacilli, particularly of Lb. curvatus. Lb. brevis and Lb. buchneri, were the most intensive @entity6114 formers. Several strains of lactobacilli, Leuconostoc spp., Weissella spp. and pediococci did not show any potential to produce @entity4478 . Enterobacteriaceae were associated with @entity7226 and @entity7224 formation. No significant @entity112 production could be detected for any of the strains tested.

title: Improved screening procedure for biogenic @entity6115 production by XXXX bacteria.

entities_list: @entity17500 :: ('MESH:C013216', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2707 :: ('MESH:D011732', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridoxal-5-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['putrescine']

entities_list: @entity7226 :: ('MESH:D002103', 'Chemical') :: ['cadaverine']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6114 :: ('MESH:D014439', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyramine', 'tyramine']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactic acid']


abstract: 1. The effects of the potent @entity750 ( @entity750 ) and @entity1063 reuptake inhibitor ( @entity750 - @entity1063 reuptake inhibitor, SNRI), @entity352 , on the cumulative food intake of freely-feeding male @entity35 during an 8 h dark period were investigated and compared to those of the selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor (selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor, SSRI), @entity905 ; the selective @entity1063 reuptake inhibitor, @entity5554 ; the @entity750 and @entity1063 reuptake inhibitors, @entity906 and @entity4480 ; and the @entity750 releaser and @entity750 reuptake inhibitor, @entity4899 . 2. @entity352 (3 and 10 mg kg-1, p.o.) and @entity4899 (1 and 3 mg kg-1, p.o.) produced a significant, dose-dependent decrease in food intake over the 8 h dark period. These responses became apparent within the first 2 h following drug administration. 3. @entity905 (3, 10 and 30 mg kg-1, p.o.), and @entity5554 (3, 10 and 30 mg kg-1, p.o.) had no significant effect on food intake during the 8 h dark period. However, a combination of @entity905 and @entity5554 (30 mg kg-1, p.o., of each) significantly decreased food intake 2 and 8 h after drug administration. 4. @entity906 (100 and 300 mg kg-1, p.o.) and @entity4480 (30 mg kg-1, p.o.) also significantly decreased food intake in the 2 and 8 h following drug administration. 5. The results of this study demonstrate that inhibition of @entity750 and @entity1063 reuptake by @entity352 , @entity906 , @entity4480 , or by a combination of @entity905 and @entity5554 , markedly reduces food intake in freely-feeding @entity35 and suggest that this may be a novel approach for the treatment of @entity28 .

title: Comparison of the effects of XXXX and other monoamine reuptake inhibitors on food intake in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity5554 :: ('MESH:C011386', 'Chemical') :: ['nisoxetine']

entities_list: @entity4899 :: ('MESH:D005277', 'Chemical') :: ['(+)-fenfluramine']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine', 'Fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity352 :: ('MESH:C058254', 'Chemical') :: ['Sibutramine', 'sibutramine']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity4480 :: ('MESH:C058218', 'Chemical') :: ['duloxetine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', 'serotonin', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity906 :: ('MESH:C047426', 'Chemical') :: ['Venlafaxine', 'venlafaxine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity352 :: (MESH:C058254,Chemical) :: ['sibutramine']


abstract: In @entity8267 @entity1 , microbleeds often cluster, mostly occipital, and are associated with @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) genotype. Microbleeds also frequently occur in the asymptomatic, general population. In this population, we investigated spatial distribution of microbleeds and whether this is influenced by @entity2204 genotype. In 292 @entity1 with microbleeds, we labeled microbleeds on baseline and follow-up magnetic resonance images. We calculated distance between incident and prevalent microbleeds within and between @entity1 and performed lobar segmentation on the magnetic resonance images. Subsequently, we investigated proximity and lobar distribution in strata of @entity2204 genotype. Microbleeds occurred closer within @entity1 than between @entity1 (-42.2 mm, 95% confidence interval, -44.6 to -39.9; p < 0.001). Microbleeds within @entity2204 and   4 carriers occurred closer than those in @entity1 with   3  3 genotype (-11.9 mm, 95% confidence interval, -24.4 to 0.6; p = 0.06). @entity1 with   2 and   4 alleles had a larger proportion of microbleeds in the occipital lobe than @entity1 with   3  3 genotype. Similar to @entity8267 @entity1 , microbleeds in the general population cluster and the distribution is affected by @entity2204 genotype.

title: XXXX genotype influences spatial distribution of cerebral microbleeds.

entities_list: @entity8267 :: ('MESH:D016657', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral amyloid angiopathy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E', 'APOE', 'APOE   2']

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['Apolipoprotein E']


abstract: Exposure of @entity35 embryos to @entity4906 ( @entity32927 ) results in numerous malformations, but the urogenital system is not affected. In contrast, exposure of @entity35 fetuses to @entity32927 has been reported to result in @entity703 , which were not further classified. To better understand this discrepancy in organotropism of the teratogenic and transplacental carcinogenic processes, the present study was undertaken to characterize the @entity5 induced in @entity35 fetuses exposed to @entity32927 in utero. @entity703 and persistent mesenchyme were observed in 19.2 and 11.5%, respectively, of the offspring of @entity35 treated with 1 mg @entity32927 /kg body weight intraperitoneally on gestation days 16, 18, and 20. The majority of these renal lesions were observed in females. The @entity703 were mixtures of various types of mesenchymal tissue derivatives including smooth muscle and fibrous connective tissue. These @entity5 would be classified as renal @entity361 in @entity35 . @entity1313 (numerous types), @entity14317 , and micrognathism were observed predominantly in male offspring from the same group. This treatment also resulted in decreased body weights, increased incidence of @entity353 , @entity400 and @entity2055 , and hypoplastic testes. Exposure to single intraperitoneal doses of @entity32927 on gestation day 20 did not produce a classic dose-response pattern: Minimal effects were observed with 10 mg @entity32927 /kg (occasional renal @entity361 and @entity1313 ), marked effects were observed with 30 mg @entity32927 /kg (lower incidence rate of most of the alterations observed with 1 mg/kg on gestation days 16, 18, and 20), and no effects were observed with 60 mg @entity32927 /kg. @entity32927 administered intraperitoneally at 1 mg/kg body weight on gestation days 16, 18, and 20 is an animal model of transplacental chemically induced @entity703 , which provide lesions with similarities to both intralobar @entity3040 rests and @entity12878 of @entity1 . Why the kidney is a carcinogenic target and not a teratogenic target remains unknown.

title: Renal transplacental carcinogenicity of @entity4906 in @entity35 : relationship of renal @entity361 to @entity12878 and intralobar XXXX rests.

entities_list: @entity4906 :: ('MESH:C008848', 'Chemical') :: ['3,3-dimethyl-1-phenyltriazene']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['sudden loss of body weight']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['Brain neoplasms', 'brain neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity12878 :: ('MESH:D018201', 'Disease') :: ['congenital mesoblastic nephroma']

entities_list: @entity3040 :: ('MESH:D018500', 'Disease') :: ['nephrogenic']

entities_list: @entity14317 :: ('MESH:D009810', 'Disease') :: ['compound odontomas']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['Renal neoplasms', 'renal neoplasms']

answer: @entity3040 :: (MESH:D018500,Disease) :: ['nephrogenic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathologic features of @entity1313 occurring in @entity1 with medically @entity302 . METHODS: The clinical, radiologic and pathologic features of @entity1313 occurring in 35 @entity1 with @entity302 encountered during the period from January, 2005 to April, 2008 in Xuanwu Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity410 onset and duration of disease were 14.3-year-old and 8.6 years, respectively. Abnormal signals were observed in 94.3% of cases (33/35) by magnetic resonance imaging. The histologic types of @entity1313 included @entity7667 (13/35, WHO grade I and 6/35, WHO grade II), @entity10053 (3/35, WHO grade I), @entity1893 (3/35, WHO grade II), @entity816 (1/35, WHO grade II), @entity816 (1/35, WHO grade II), @entity11 (1/35, WHO grade I) and meningioangiomatosis (1/35). The 6 remaining cases showed features seen in between glioneuronal @entity4607 and mixed @entity528 . Most of these @entity5 were located in the temporal lobe (27/35) and associated with focal @entity6795 . Immunohistochemical study showed a remarkable expression of @entity2280 in @entity7667 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1313 in @entity1 with medically @entity302 are almost always benign and located in the temporal lobe. Most of them represent mixed @entity528 and some show transitional features in-between glioneuronal @entity4607 and mixed @entity528 . The similar morphologic pattern and biological behavior of glioneuronal @entity4607 and mixed @entity528 may suggest a common pathogenetic mechanism.

title: [ @entity1313 in @entity1 with XXXX : a clinicopathologic study of 35 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['Brain tumors', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['angiocentric glioma']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['oligoastrocytoma', 'diffuse astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['intractable epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity10053 :: ('MESH:D018302', 'Disease') :: ['dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal-glial tumor', 'neuronal-glial neoplasm', 'neuronal-glial tumors']

entities_list: @entity7667 :: ('MESH:D018303', 'Disease') :: ['ganglioglioma', 'gangliogliomas']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['hamartoma']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['intractable epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This randomized phase II trial investigated the efficacy and safety of @entity416 / @entity901 (CapOx) plus bevacizumab and dose-modified @entity416 / @entity2600 (mCapIri) plus bevacizumab as first-line therapy in @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 (mCRC). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 received bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg with @entity901 130 mg/m(2)/day 1 plus @entity416 1000 mg/m(2) bid/days 1-14 or with @entity2600 200 mg/m(2)/day 1 plus @entity416 800 mg/m(2) bid/days 1-14 both every 21 days. The primary end point was 6 months progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: A total of 255 @entity1 were enrolled. The intent-to-treat population comprised 247 @entity1 (CapOx-bevacizumab: n = 127; mCapIri-bevacizumab: n = 120). The six-month PFS rates were 76% (95% CI, 69%-84%) and 84% (95% CI, 77%-90%). Median PFS and @entity3012 were 10.4 months (95% CI, 9.0-12.0) and 24.4 months (95% CI, 19.3-30.7) with CapOx-bevacizumab, and 12.1 months (95% CI, 10.8-13.2) and 25.5 months (95% CI, 21.0-31.0) with mCapIri-bevacizumab. Grade 3/4 @entity294 as predominant toxic effect occurred in 22% of @entity1 with CapOx-bevacizumab and in 16% with mCapIri-bevacizumab. CONCLUSIONS: Both, CapOx-bevacizumab and mCapIri-bevacizumab, show promising activity and an excellent toxic effect profile. Efficacy is in the range of other bevacizumab-containing combination regimen although lower doses of @entity2600 and @entity416 were selected for mCapIri.

title: @entity416 / XXXX or @entity416 / @entity901 in combination with bevacizumab is effective and safe as first-line therapy for metastatic @entity14 : a randomized phase II study of the AIO colorectal study group.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['irinotecan']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to review the indications, success rate, and complications of @entity10747 ( @entity10747 ) in the pediatric age group. METHODS: From 1990 to 1999, 21 @entity10747 procedures were attempted in 20 @entity1 . They consisted of 8 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 whose age ranged from 4 to 17 years (mean, 11.3 years). Fourteen were performed under deep sedation (mean age, 12.8 years), and 7 were done under general anesthesia (mean age, 7.6 years). All @entity10747 procedures were performed by experienced adult endoscopists. RESULTS: The indication for @entity10747 was biliary in 15 @entity1 . Eleven had suspected @entity2877 by either ultrasound scan, intraoperative cholangiogram or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In 6 cases, the @entity10747 was done for pancreatic pathology. In 11 @entity1 , the @entity10747 was diagnostic only, and in 10 a therapeutic procedure was done. The overall success rate was 90.5%. Post- @entity10747 complications consisted of 6 episodes of @entity788 (28.5%), 4 of which followed a therapeutic procedure, and 1 episode of @entity548 . @entity788 resolved 2 to 6 days post- @entity10747 . The @entity1 underwent follow-up between 2 and 56 months after the @entity10747 (mean, 11 months). CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that even in experienced hands, @entity10747 in the pediatric population has a much higher complication rate than in adults (33.3%). We recommend that very specific indications be met before subjecting a pediatric @entity1 to an @entity10747 .

title: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in XXXX : A surgeon's perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity10747 :: ('MESH:D012183', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography', 'ERCP']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: It has been shown in vitro that @entity2228 can protect renal tubules and hepatocytes from @entity130 . @entity2228 also attenuates ischemic @entity409 . The present study investigated the effect of enteral @entity2228 in a @entity19 model of @entity63 /reperfusion injury of the small intestine. @entity19 (n = 12 in each group) were randomized to receive two gastric gavages of either a 20% @entity2228 ( @entity4022 ) or 23% balanced @entity535 (AA) solution with a 6-hour interval between each gavage. One hour after the second gavage, @entity19 underwent superior mesenteric artery clamping for 20 minutes. The clamp was then released for reperfusion. Another group of @entity19 (n = 8) underwent a sham operation and served as additional control animals. Six hours after @entity63 /reperfusion, the @entity19 were killed in order to assess the intestinal injury (intestinal protein content, mucosal disaccharidase activity, and intestinal histologic findings) and the systemic consequences (bacterial translocation, serum @entity777 , and lung myeloperoxidase activity). A second set of @entity19 (n = 55) underwent identical gavages and @entity63 /reperfusion and they were followed for survival. Compared to AA, enteral @entity2228 administered prior to @entity63 /reperfusion injury significantly preserved mucosal indices and intestinal histology and decreased lung myeloperoxidase activity. Survival was also significantly increased in animals receiving @entity2228 compared to AA control @entity19 . These data suggest that enteral @entity2228 supplementation may be beneficial in attenuating @entity63 /reperfusion injury and its related systemic effects in this @entity19 model.

title: Beneficial effect of enteral XXXX in @entity63 /reperfusion injury.

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine', 'Glycine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['injury in transplanted livers']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic injury']

answer: @entity2228 :: (CHEBI:57305,Chemical) :: ['glycine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interval (IT) and @entity400 ( @entity400 ) represent well-established exercise modalities in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). However, their effects and feasibility in @entity1 with end-stage @entity1030 remain unclear. METHODS: Sixty @entity1 (53    6 years, 53% @entity1 ) being evaluated for lung transplantation where randomly assigned either to IT (n = 30, cycling at 100% peak work rate for 30 seconds alternating with 30 seconds of rest) or @entity400 (n = 30, cycling at 60% of peak work rate) during a 3-week inpatient rehabilitation program. Both exercise protocols yielded an equivalent amount of total work. @entity1 had a mean forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV(1)) of 25%    8% of predicted value. RESULTS: @entity1 in both groups achieved similar clinically relevant improvements in 6-minute walking distance of 35    29 meters for IT and 36    43 meters for @entity400 , with a between-group difference of 0.3 meters (95% confidence interval, -18.2 to 18.8). Changes in lung function parameters were not significant. Perceived intensity of @entity1353 was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in IT (Borg 6.2    1.8) compared with @entity400 (Borg 7.1    1.7). @entity1 required a median of 5 unintended breaks (interquartile range, 2-28) during IT exercise and 29 (interquartile range, 6-68) during @entity400 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: IT is associated with a lower intensity of @entity1353 during exercise and fewer unintended breaks but achieves similar improvements in exercise capacity compared with @entity400 in pre-lung transplant @entity1030 @entity1 .

title: Interval versus XXXX in lung transplant candidates: a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['CT', 'continuous training']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['continuous training']


abstract: In clinical management and research of @entity717 exact knowledge about the extent of @entity73 is essential. This paper presents a computer program which allows for an objective measurement of manual @entity717 . The program was developed for standard hardware and can easily be used in a variety of clinical and research environments. The program runs on MS-DOS computers and uses a Microsoft computer @entity19 as the only input device. The temporal resolution is 100 Hz, the spatial resolution 400 dots per inch. The user may choose between standard test sets or he may design sets according to his individual needs from a pool of available protocols which includes tracking tasks, ballistic tasks, complex sequential tasks, and finger tapping. All tasks are implemented in a similar way in order to keep the test environment as consistent as possible for the @entity1 . The @entity1 must usually carry out movements which correspond to the movements of a target symbol on the computer screen. This entails the manipulation of a follower symbol, also visible on the computer screen, via the computer @entity19 . The program itself and the theoretical background of the protocols are described in the paper. Additionally, preliminary results from pilot experiments are presented.

title: PC-based system for an objective quantification of manual XXXX for clinical and scientific purposes.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders', 'movement disability']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairment']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['movement disability']


abstract: 1. In this study the effect of @entity5753 , an inhibitor of @entity165 and @entity12307 synthesis, on the rises in intracellular @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) induced by platelet derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB), @entity2178 (AII), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and foetal calf serum (FCS) was examined in @entity1 cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from saphenous vein. Changes in [ @entity141 ]i were measured in cell suspensions by the @entity141 sensitive probe, @entity593 . 2. Incubation with @entity5753 for 24-26 h markedly reduced the peak rise and sustained phase of [ @entity141 ]i elevation in response to PDGF-BB but the responses to AII, LDL and FCS were unaffected. Further experiments showed that @entity5753 pretreatment inhibited PDGF-BB induced @entity141 influx but not intracellular @entity141 release. This inhibition could be overcome by co-incubation with @entity12308 . 3. Pretreatment of cells with the heterotrimeric G protein inhibitor pertussis toxin for up to 24 h completely abolished AII-induced [ @entity141 ]i rises but the response to PDGF-BB was unaffected. 4. The @entity669 kinase inhibitor @entity670 largely abolished PDGF-BB-induced [ @entity141 ]i elevation but had no significant effect on AII-induced responses. 5. Pre-incubation with @entity5753 had no effect on the level of @entity669 phosphorylation of PDGF-beta receptors (as measured by Western blot) in response to the PDGF-BB ligand. 6. PDGF-BB elicits @entity141 influx via a @entity669 kinase-dependent mechanism distinct from the heterotrimeric G protein coupled pathway utilized by AII. @entity5753 most likely acts by inhibition of isoprenylation (via blockade of isoprenoid synthesis) of an intermediate molecule involved in PDGF-BB-induced @entity141 influx.

title: Differential effects of @entity5753 on mitogen induced XXXX influx in @entity1 cultured vascular smooth muscle cells.

entities_list: @entity12308 :: ('MESH:D008798', 'Chemical') :: ['mevalonic acid']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity12307 :: ('CHEBI:24913', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenoid']

entities_list: @entity5753 :: ('MESH:D008148', 'Chemical') :: ['lovastatin', 'Lovastatin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether levels of @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), @entity650 ( @entity650 ), secretory phospholipase A(2) group IIA (sPLA(2)-IIA) and @entity2071 (ICAM-I) predict late outcomes in @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal study. @entity1851 (mg L(-1)), @entity650 (pg mL(-1)), sPLA(2)-IIA (ng mL(-1)) and @entity2071 (ng mL(-1)) were measured at days 1 (n = 757) and 4 (n = 533) after hospital admission for @entity1187 . Their relations to mortality and rehospitalization for @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and @entity712 ( @entity712 ) were determined. SETTING: Coronary Care Unit at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. SUBJECTS: @entity1 with @entity1187 alive at day 30; median follow-up 75 months. RESULTS: Survival was related to day 1 levels of all markers. After adjustment for confounders, @entity1851 , @entity650 and @entity2071 , but not sPLA(2)-IIA, independently predicted mortality and rehospitalization for @entity712 . For @entity1851 , the hazard ratio (HR) was 1.3 for mortality (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-1.5, P = 0.003) and 1.4 for @entity712 (95% CI: 1.1-1.9, P = 0.006). For @entity650 , HR was 1.3 for mortality (95% CI: 1.1-1.6, P < 0.001) and 1.4 for @entity712 (95% CI: 1.1-1.8, P = 0.02). For @entity2071 , HR was 1.2 for mortality (95% CI: 1.0-1.4, P = 0.04) and 1.3 for @entity712 (95% CI: 1.0-1.7, P = 0.03). No marker predicted @entity583 . Marker levels on day 4 provided no additional predictive value. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity1187 , @entity1851 , @entity650 , sPLA(2)-IIA and @entity2071 are associated with long-term mortality and @entity712 , but not reinfarction. @entity1851 , @entity650 and @entity2071 provide prognostic information beyond that obtained by clinical variables.

title: @entity1851 , @entity650 , secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA and @entity2071 in the prediction of late outcome events after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: @entity1148 in @entity1 undergoing free tissue transfer for coverage of posttraumatic lower extremity defects may be associated with an increased incidence of microvascular @entity715 . @entity1 with isolated lower extremity @entity130 have an elevated platelet count that peaks approximately 2 weeks after injury. It is our theory that a humoral component of @entity130 sera is responsible for the induction of this @entity1148 . Eight @entity1 with isolated soft-tissue and bony @entity130 were included in the study. Serum was collected at baseline and throughout the study period. Platelet count, leukocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit were determined. Immunoassay for @entity1 @entity2772 ), @entity650 , and @entity4382 as well as @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) were performed by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Balb-C @entity19 were then injected intraperitoneally with the @entity1 @entity130 sera from all time points. Blood was collected at baseline and throughout the study period for determination of platelet count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. Mean initial platelet count in the 8 @entity1 subjects was 152,000 per cubic millimeter with an average peak to 642,000 per cubic millimeter. @entity2772 , @entity4382 , and @entity2841 were not detectable in the serum of any @entity1 . Elevated levels of @entity650 were detected in all @entity1 in a nonspecific pattern. In the @entity19 model, an early and late @entity1148 was elicited. The early peak averaged 78.6% over baseline whereas the late peak average 81.0% over baseline. The induction by @entity1 @entity130 sera of an early and late @entity1148 in this @entity19 bioassay supports the theory of humoral mediators. The humoral mediators are yet to be determined but may include @entity650 .

title: Humorally mediated @entity1148 in major lower extremity XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytosis', 'thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Large-volume endoscopic injection of @entity1425 has been proven to significantly reduce rates of recurrent peptic @entity1066 . Injection of normal saline may be equally effective for the similar hemostatic effect of local tamponade. The aim of our study was to compare the therapeutic effects of large-volume (40 mL) endoscopic injections of @entity1425 , normal saline and a combination of the two in @entity1 with active @entity548 @entity1066 . METHOD: A total of 216 @entity1 with actively @entity548 @entity1066 (spurting or oozing) were randomly assigned to three groups (1:10,000 @entity1425 , normal saline or diluted @entity1425 plus normal saline). The hemostatic effects and clinical outcomes were compared between the three groups. RESULTS: The initial hemostatic rate was significantly lower in the normal saline group (P < 0.05). The volume of injected solution required for the arrest of @entity548 was significantly larger in the normal saline group (P < 0.01). Mean duration for arrest of @entity548 was significantly longer in the normal saline group (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences between the three groups with respect to the rates of recurrent @entity548 , surgical intervention, 30-day mortality, amount of transfusion and duration of hospitalization. Significant elevation of systolic blood pressure (P < 0.05) and persistent high pulse rate after endoscopic injection were observed in the @entity1425 group. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with active @entity548 @entity1066 (spurting or oozing), we recommend a large-volume (40 mL) combination injection using diluted @entity1425 to cease @entity548 , followed by injection of normal saline to achieve sustained hemostasis.

title: Large-volume endoscopic injection of XXXX plus normal saline for peptic @entity1066 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer bleeding', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['epinephrine']


abstract: PURPOSE: We and others have shown that angiotensin II has a pivotal role in @entity8 in various @entity8 . Although most angiotensin II actions are associated with the angiotensin type 1 receptor, there is increasing evidence that the angiotensin type 2 receptor also transduces some important effects of angiotensin II. In this regard we recently observed that @entity19 with genetically engineered disruption of the angiotensin type 2 receptor, termed @entity19728 mutants, are more susceptible to structural @entity8 after @entity1695 . Recent evidence suggests that a genetically determined increase in angiotensin converting enzyme activity in @entity1 promotes @entity16 . Therefore, we determined whether @entity8 in @entity19728 mutants is associated with heightened angiotensin converting enzyme activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 28 wild type and 19 @entity19728 mutant @entity19 with unilateral @entity1695 . Seven days after obstruction was created serum samples were obtained to evaluate angiotensin converting enzyme activity. The obstructed and contralateral kidneys were harvested for histological analysis and determination of renal angiotensin converting enzyme activity by high pressure liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Renal angiotensin converting enzyme was uniformly higher than serum angiotensin converting enzyme in normal wild type and @entity19728 mutant @entity19 . However, even at baseline @entity19728 mutant @entity19 had strikingly higher renal angiotensin converting enzyme activity than normal wild type @entity19 (mean plus or minus standard error 1,492+/-83 versus 450+/-60 milliunits per gm. tissue weight, p <0.0005). Histological analysis revealed more extensive parenchymal damage in the obstructed kidneys of mutant @entity19 than in identically treated controls. Notably while unilateral @entity1695 decreased renal angiotensin converting enzyme activity in each group, activity remained persistently higher in the @entity19728 mutants than in normal @entity19 (mean 742+/-146 versus 310+/-43 milliunits per gm. tissue weight, p <0.005). CONCLUSIONS: We propose that elevated renal angiotensin converting enzyme activity contributes to more severe renal parenchymal damage in @entity1695 by promoting the availability of growth factors, such as angiotensin II, or depleting antiproliferation factors, such as @entity1812 or @entity842 . These findings complement previous observations that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition preserves the @entity8 after injury, including obstruction.

title: Renal angiotensin converting enzyme promotes @entity8 during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal parenchyma', 'renal injuries', 'renal damage']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['end organ damage']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

answer: @entity1695 :: (MESH:D014517,Disease) :: ['ureteral obstruction']


abstract: Transient @entity12903 is often associated with excessive sweating, fever, and bed confinement. The pathogenesis of this disease has been postulated to be poral occlusion of damaged eccrine intraepidermal ducts. Histological and immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies were performed on 10 biopsies from 10 @entity1 with @entity12903 . Immunoreactions for carcinoembryonic antigen and @entity5822 to identify eccrine duct epithelium were performed on all 11 biopsies. In addition, 5 of the biopsies were immunoreacted for @entity10585 . All immunoreactions were reviewed independently by two observers to determine extent of reactivity and whether it correlated with areas of epidermal acantholysis. Among the 11 biopsies, 8 showed acantholysis not associated with eccrine duct outflow tracts. In 2 biopsies the acantholysis was consistently associated with acrosyringea; in one case acantholysis was inconsistently associated with eccrine outflow tracts. Epidermal acantholysis in @entity1 with @entity12903 is associated with the outflow tracts of eccrine ducts in a subgroup of @entity1 . Although leakage of sweat from occluded sweat ducts in acrosyringia may be the mechanism operating in a subgroup of @entity1 with @entity12903 , this does not appear to be the subgroup of @entity1 in whom @entity12903 develops in the setting of being bedridden and/or sweating.

title: @entity12903 ( XXXX ): relationship of acantholysis to acrosyringia.

entities_list: @entity12903 :: ('MESH:C537306', 'Disease') :: ['transient acantholytic dermatosis', 'acantholytic dermatosis', "Grover's disease"]

answer: @entity12903 :: (MESH:C537306,Disease) :: ['transient acantholytic dermatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent reports have suggested that laparoendoscopic single site (LESS) surgery is technically feasible. The aim of this study was to describe our initial experience with LESS adrenalectomy for benign @entity5 , focusing the attention about cosmetic satisfaction and reduction of @entity282 . METHODS: Medical records of consecutive @entity1 undergoing LESS adrenalectomy were analyzed. All procedures were performed through a single multichannel port. Demographic and operative data were assessed. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used with a 10-point scale for an objective assessment of incisional @entity158 and incisional cosmesis. RESULTS: Between January 2010 and July 2012, 14 consecutive @entity1 with benign @entity5 underwent LESS adrenalectomies. Of the planned LESS adrenalectomies, 12 (86%) were completed with a single-port, whereas two required an additional port placement. Mean operating time was 128.1    31.5 min and mean @entity190 10.5    12.1 ml. Mean @entity158 scores using the VAS on postoperative days 1, 3, and 14 were 2.3, 1.0, and 0.3 points, respectively. The rate of analgesic use was also lower within 12 hours after surgery (14%). The @entity1 was highly satisfied with the single small wound procedure, and mean cosmesis scores of postoperative days 3 and 14 were 9.4 and 9.8 points, respectively. The postoperative course was uneventful with no morbidity within one month of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: LESS adrenalectomy is a safe and technically feasible procedure for @entity1 with benign @entity5 , and offers cosmetic benefit and the potential for @entity282 reduction. However, surgeons with lack of experience as LESS surgery should be comprehended that the assistance of the needlescopic instrument does not compromise the cosmetic outcomes for difficult cases and the @entity28 @entity1 may not always be suitable candidates for pure LESS technique.

title: Laparoendoscopic single site adrenalectomy: initial results of cosmetic satisfaction and the potential for XXXX reduction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal tumors']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: Patterning along the anterior-posterior @entity2270 takes place during @entity8658 . Homeobox genes like Otx-2 and members of the Hox family have been implicated in this process. The caudal genes in @entity238 and @entity2199 have been shown to determine posterior fates. In vertebrates, the caudal genes begin their expression during gastrulation and they take up a posterior position. By injecting sense and antisense RNA of the @entity1238 caudal gene @entity53439 , we have studied a number of regulatory interactions among homeobox genes along the anterior-posterior @entity2270 . Initially, the @entity53439 and Otx-2 genes are mutually repressed and, by late gastrulation, they mark the posterior- or anterior-most domains of the embryo, respectively. During late gastrulation and neurulation, @entity53439 plays an additional regulatory function in relation to the Hox genes. Hox genes normally expressed anteriorly are repressed by @entity53439 overexpression while those normally expressed posteriorly exhibit more anterior expression. The results show that the caudal genes are part of a posterior determining network which during early gastrulation functions in the subdivision of the embryo into anterior head and trunk domains. Later in gastrulation and neurulation these genes play a role in the patterning of the trunk region.

title: Patterning of the embryo along the anterior-posterior XXXX : the role of the caudal genes.

entities_list: @entity8658 :: ('MESH:C580055', 'Disease') :: ['gastrulation and early neurulation']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity2270 :: (MESH:C566610,Disease) :: ['axis']


abstract: There are no population-based incidence studies of @entity1751 ( @entity1751 ). Using the medical record linkage system of the Rochester Epidemiology Project, we sought to determine the incidence of the disease, as well as other associations and characteristics, among @entity1751 @entity1 diagnosed in Olmsted County, Minnesota, between 1968 and 2008. Incidence was estimated using the decennial census data for the county. @entity2357 models were fit to evaluate associations between @entity1 characteristics and disease severity. A total of 268 incident cases were identified, with an overall annual age- and sex-adjusted incidence of 6.0 per 100,000. Age-adjusted incidence was significantly higher in @entity1 compared with @entity1 (8.2 (95% confidence interval (CI), 7.0-9.3) vs. 3.8 (95% CI, 3.0-4.7). The highest incidence was among young @entity1 aged 20-29 years (18.4 per 100,000). The incidence has risen over the past four decades, particularly among @entity1 . @entity1 were more likely to have axillary and upper anterior torso involvement, whereas @entity1 were more likely to have perineal or perianal disease. In addition, 54.9% (140/255) @entity1 were @entity28 ; 70.2% were current or former smokers; 42.9% carried a diagnosis of @entity308 ; 36.2% carried a diagnosis of acne; and 6% had @entity66 . Smoking and gender were significantly associated with more severe disease.

title: Incidence of XXXX and associated factors: a population-based study of Olmsted County, Minnesota.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1751 :: ('MESH:D017497', 'Disease') :: ['hidradenitis suppurativa', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pilonidal disease']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

answer: @entity1751 :: (MESH:D017497,Disease) :: ['hidradenitis suppurativa']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of @entity1460 @entity9232 (TI) on @entity2228 uptake, @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) levels and morphological changes of intestine in rotavirus (RV) infected @entity1 @entity19 . METHODS: A total of 144 @entity1 @entity19 (7/8 days old) were divided in 3 groups (i.e. control, RV and RV + inhibitor). @entity1 @entity19 were orally inoculated with the EB strain of RV and Trypsin protease inhibitor (TI) and 8 animals each were sacrificed on days 0,1,3,5,7 and 10 post infection (p.i). @entity2228 uptake (in vitro), @entity2197 levels and histological changes were assessed in the jejunum, ileum and colon. RESULTS: @entity2228 uptake and @entity2197 levels were significantly reduced on days 3 and 5 p.i in jejunum and ileum of RV inoculated animals, compared to the controls. @entity2228 uptake and @entity2197 levels were maintained as in controls in the RV + TI inoculated animals on days 3 and 5 p.i in jejunum and colon but not in ileum where lesser values were recorded. Histology showed @entity13312 in ileum towards the apical portion whereas normal morphology was observed in jejunum, similar to controls. No histological changes were observed in colon in any of the groups. Electron microscopic study confirmed the @entity1800 . CONCLUSION: Administration of Trypsin protease inhibitor along with RV reverted the effects of @entity6425 on @entity535 uptake and @entity2197 levels completely in the jejunum and partially in the ileum.

title: @entity1460 trypsin inhibitor confers protection against @entity6425 in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Infant', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine', 'Glycine']

entities_list: @entity13312 :: ('MESH:C536522', 'Disease') :: ['vacuolar degeneration']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity6425 :: ('MESH:D012400', 'Disease') :: ['RV infection']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: In this work, the full-length @entity2215 gene was isolated and the sequence of the previously unknown region in intron 6 as well as that of upstream and downstream @entity2215 regions was determined. We have shown that intron 6 includes a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) of a 38 bp sequence, ( @entity2215 -VNTR 6-1). Eight alleles of @entity2215 -VNTR 6-1 were identified among 103 unrelated individuals, ranging from 27 to 47 repeats. @entity2215 -VNTR 2-2 is another new 61 bp minisatellite repeat found in intron 2 of @entity2215 . At least four alleles of @entity2215 -VNTR 2-2 can be distinguished. Previous studies have described polymorphisms for minisatellites @entity2215 -VNTR 2-1, a 42 bp repeat in intron 2, and @entity2215 -VNTR 6-2, a 36 bp repeat in intron 6. These, together with another minisatellite found in intron 12, add up to five such structures within the @entity2215 gene. The segregation of @entity2215 minisatellites was analysed in families, revealing that the VNTRs are transmitted through meiosis following a Mendelian inheritance. Minisatellites in @entity2215 were also analysed in matching normal and @entity5 tissues from @entity1 with @entity5 ; in one @entity1 with a @entity703 , the two VNTRs in intron 6 had undergone concomitant rearrangements. This observation suggests that chromosomal rearrangements implicating these VNTRs may be associated with the activation of telomerase expression in @entity5 cells.

title: The XXXX telomerase gene: complete genomic sequence and analysis of tandem repeat polymorphisms in intronic regions.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney tumor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Presurgical locating the Adamkiewicz artery (AKA) will be very helpful for thoracic aortic endovascular repair. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of using longer endografts according to location of AKA on outcomes of endovascular treatment for @entity1580 . METHODS: A total of 217 @entity1 (143 @entity1 , 74 @entity1 ; mean age: 65    11 years) with type B dissection were divided into two groups according to whether the AKA was identified or not presurgically. Endovascular repairs were performed for all @entity1 . Distal landing levels of endograft were recorded. The @entity715 of @entity2759 and @entity1070 were analyzed. RESULTS: The AKA was detected in 121 (55.8%) @entity1 (group A) and not detected in 96 (44.2%) @entity1 (group B). According to the levels of AKA, @entity1 in group A obtained the stabilization of the affected thoracic aorta over a longer distance. The ratio of @entity1 with distal landing levels at T8-T10 was significantly higher than in group B (59.5 vs. 12.5%,   2 = 49.85, p < 0.01). Also, during the follow-up to 7.3 months, the ratio of @entity1 with total @entity715 of false lumen in group A was significantly higher than group B (32.1 vs. 19.1%,   2 = 4.34, p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: Accurate preoperative knowledge of AKA is extremely useful for selecting a longer device to provide a better structural stability of affected aorta and promote false lumen @entity715 during a midterm follow-up phase.

title: Evaluation of the XXXX treated by endografts covering a longer distance of aorta according to the location of the Adamkiewicz artery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis of false lumen and the complications', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['thoracic aortic dissection']


abstract: Early identification of @entity1 presenting with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is necessary for rapid initiation of treatment. Currently, @entity583 has been diagnosed using the combination of the history, electrocardiogram (ECG), and biochemical markers of @entity296 . Unfortunately, all lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity to confidently identify most @entity1 with @entity583 in a timely enough fashion to influence early intervention. Development of newer immunochemical assays for CK-MB mass and myoglobin have allowed for earlier, more rapid diagnosis; however, each has important limitations. The diagnostic sensitivity of CK-MB mass, myoglobin, and the combination of both were analyzed at the time of presentation (0 hours) and again 4 hours later in 101 @entity1 admitted from the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) with possible @entity583 . Twenty @entity1 were subsequently diagnosed as having @entity583 . The sensitivity of the initial ECG was 60%, compared with the sensitivities of the initial myoglobin and CK-MB mass of 70% and 30%, respectively. By 4 hours the sensitivity of myoglobin had increased to 85% and CK-MB mass to 90%. The combination of the initial myoglobin and CK-MB mass had a sensitivity of 85%. Combining these two markers, using both the initial and 4-hour samples, raised the sensitivity to 100%, with a specificity of 100% and negative predictive value of 100%. When @entity1 with diagnostic ECGs were excluded, the sensitivity of the combination at 0 hours was 80% with a specificity of 84%, while the use of the 0- and 4-hour markers had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 100%, respectively. We conclude that the combination of CK-MB mass and myoglobin can rapidly diagnose or exclude @entity583 in as short as 4 hours after @entity341 presentation, and accuracy is not different in @entity1 without diagnostic ECGs. Application of this strategy could potentially lead to more rapid intervention in @entity1 with @entity583 , while also allowing early identification of lower risk @entity1 .

title: Use of the combination of myoglobin and CK-MB mass for the rapid diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: We report five cases of @entity511 (CS) in four @entity1 and one @entity1 between 28 and 49 years of age. In four cases, the @entity5 had spread and infiltrated the adjacent structures (soft tissues, thoracic vertebrae, mediastinum, etc.). CS was diagnosed based either on wide surgical resection specimens in three @entity1 , or on @entity5 biopsies in two cases. The CS was grade I in one @entity1 , grade II in three cases, and grade III in one case. Wide surgical resection which was performed in three @entity1 was associated in one case with adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In the three cases, the disease natural history appeared favorable after a follow-up duration ranging from 1 month to 4 years. Two @entity1 died, one after radiotherapy and chemotherapy done immediately after diagnosis as a result of the large size and invasive nature of the @entity5 . Coastal CS is characterized by a distinct potential for locoregional and distant @entity3 . Diagnosis remains anatomopathological. Wide surgical resection is the only demonstrated curative treatment, even for high-grade CS.

title: XXXX . Report of five cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['coastal chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity511 :: (MESH:D002813,Disease) :: ['Costal chondrosarcoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Presence of disseminated @entity5 cells (DTCs) in bone marrow (BM) and circulating @entity5 cells (CTC) in peripheral blood (PB) predicts reduced survival in early @entity0 . The aim of this study was to determine the presence of and alterations in DTC- and CTC-status in locally advanced @entity0 @entity1 undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and to evaluate their prognostic impact. METHODS: Bone marrow and peripheral blood were collected before NACT (BM1: n = 231/ @entity31045 : n = 219), at surgery (BM2: n = 69/PB2: n = 71), and after 12 months from start of NACT (BM3: n = 162/PB3: n = 141). @entity1 were included from 1997 to 2003 and followed until 2009 (or ten years follow-up). DTC- and CTC-status were determined by morphological evaluation of immunocytochemically detected cytokeratin-positive cells. The prognostic significance of DTCs/CTCs was assessed by univariate and multivariate Cox-regression analyses. RESULTS: Before NACT, DTCs and CTCs were detected in 21.2% and 4.9% of the @entity1 , respectively. At surgery, 15.9% and 1.4% had DTC- and CTC-presence, compared to 26.5% and 4.3% at 12 months from start of NACT. Of @entity1 for whom DTC results both before NACT and at 12 months were available, concordant results were observed in 68%, and 14 out of 65 had positive DTC-status at both time points. Presence of >=  1 DTC 12 months from start of NACT, but not at other time points, predicted reduced disease-free survival (DFS; HR 2.3, p = 0.003), @entity0 -specific survival (BCSS; HR 3.0, p < 0.001) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ; HR 2.8, p < 0.001). Before NACT, presence of >=  3 DTCs was also associated with unfavorable outcome, and reduced BCSS was observed for CTC-positive @entity1 (HR 2.2, p = 0.046). In multivariate analysis, DTC status (</>=  1 DTC) at 12 months after start of NACT remained as a prognostic factor for both DFS (HR 2.2, p = 0.005), BCSS (HR 2.6, p = 0.002) and @entity1349 (HR 2.6, p = 0.002). The survival for @entity1 with change in DTC-status was determined by the DTC-status at 12 months. CONCLUSION: Presence of DTCs after NACT indicated high risk for relapse and @entity204 , irrespective of the DTC-status before treatment. The results supports the potential use of DTC analysis as a monitoring tool during follow up, for selection of @entity1 to secondary treatment intervention within clinical trials.

title: Persistence of disseminated XXXX cells after neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced @entity0 predicts poor survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: A PCR assay targeting the @entity49368 gene was developed to detect and to genotype @entity461 in @entity1 feces. Our assay was specific and discriminated between @entity461 assemblages A and B. G. lamblia cysts isolated from @entity1 feces were also analyzed with two previously described PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assays, which are based on the detection of @entity49368 or gdh genes. These RFLP analyses distinguished groups I and II within assemblage A or groups III and IV within assemblage B. Among 26 fecal samples from @entity1 with @entity7014 diagnosed by hospital laboratories, the @entity49368 gene was amplified from 25 (96%) with our PCR assay, whereas only 21 (81%) samples were positive when the gdh gene was targeted. Of the 25 positive samples, nine (36%) contained assemblage A and 16 (64%) contained assemblage B. Thus, RFLP analysis classified eight samples (32%) in assemblage A group II, eight (32%) in assemblage B group III, and five (20%) in assemblage B group IV. The group could not be specified for four samples. The @entity49368 and gdh genes of @entity461 assemblage B were amplified from 14 (93%) of 15 samples collected only from French soldiers coming back from the Ivory Coast. All of these contained assemblage B group III. The PCR method developed is sensitive, simple, and specific and shows that the @entity49368 gene is well adapted for @entity461 genotyping.

title: Comparison of two target genes for detection and genotyping of @entity461 in XXXX feces by PCR and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism.

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Species') :: ['Giardia lamblia', 'G. lamblia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7014 :: ('MESH:D005873', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic giardiasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The purpose of this review is to analyse critically the pros and cons of 'en principle' total gastrectomy for @entity5 of the distal stomach. The theoretical advantages of total gastrectomy would be the guarantee of no infiltration of the margin of proximal transection owing to @entity5 or to a microscopical intramural spreading of tumoral cells beyond the macroscopically detectable boundaries of the lesion. However, these expectations are not substantiated since multicentric @entity5 are rare, a safe margin of resection can be achieved maintaining a proximal clearance of 6 cm from the cranial edge of the @entity5 . Moreover, recurrences confined to the gastric stump, after subtotal gastrectomy (and originally preventable with a total gastrectomy) are extremely rare according to literature. Furthermore, current experience suggests that the extent of lymph node dissection is not affected by the extent of the resection of the stomach. Analysis of the published series of @entity1 undergoing an en principle total gastrectomy fails to demonstrate any advantage for long-term survival compared with @entity1 treated by subtotal gastrectomy. A recent randomized trial comparing these two procedures is in keeping with the above-mentioned conclusions. It is true, however, that the gap in surgical mortality for total and @entity512 to disappear when total gastrectomy is electively performed in @entity1 with @entity5 of the distal stomach. So, whereas the long-term oncological results of the two surgical procedures seem to be similar, the main disadvantage of total gastrectomy is the onset of @entity3147 , which is common, but incapacitating only in a few @entity1 . This condition is likely to be of relevance should the @entity1 be selected for aggressive postoperative adjuvant treatments which require good general status and nutritional integrity. The main disadvantage of subtotal gastrectomy is that the @entity1 are exposed to the risk of a @entity356 . However, this risk, owing to the advanced median age of the resected @entity1 and the actual reconstructive procedures which minimize the biliary reflux, cannot be quantified. We think that when two surgical procedures are compared, if the oncological results are the same, the operation which is associated with least discomfort and impairment of the quality of life, should be chosen.

title: XXXX of the distal stomach: facts and fantasy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'multicentric cancers', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity512 :: ('MESH:C567308', 'Disease') :: ['subtotal gastrectomy tends']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric stump cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Total versus subtotal gastrectomy in cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Over the past 2 decades, numerous studies have demonstrated the existence of racial disparities in @entity1 care in the United States. Specifically, African Americans with @entity6 are less likely to have recommended process of care measures performed and outcome benchmarks for quality of care. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the delivery of @entity6 care (processes and outcomes) associated with racial categories using a national web-based registry-the @entity922 ( @entity922 ). STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of data retrieved from the @entity922 database on outcomes and process measures for @entity6 . METHODS: A total of 10,699 Caucasian and African American @entity1 who received @entity6 care had data entered into the @entity922 registry between July 1, 2005, and October 30, 2010. African Americans represented 3123 @entity1 (29%), Caucasians 7576 (71%). Demographic, process of care, and outcomes comparisons between ethnicities were carried out using ?2 and t tests. Composite measures of process and outcomes of @entity6 care were created to investigate the effect of race on care. RESULTS: The process of care composite measure was significantly different among African American @entity1 (P = .02) who were more likely to receive all indicated care than Caucasian @entity1 (33.9% vs 31.6%). Evaluation of the composite outcome measure, which quantifies the percentage of @entity1 achieving control of all 3 intermediate outcomes, was (P <.001) lower in African Americans than in Caucasians (8.1% vs 12.3%). CONCLUSIONS: African American @entity1 with @entity6 were as likely or more likely to have recommended process of care measures performed. In spite of this, intermediate @entity6 outcomes were still poorer in the same African American population.

title: Racial disparities in African Americans with XXXX : process and outcome mismatch.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['AOA-CAP', 'American Osteopathic Association Clinical Assessment Program']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Repeated exposure of avian and rodent species to @entity3014 ( @entity3015 ) has been associated with the development of aortic lesions of @entity731 etiology. Because the occurrence of these lesions may involve alterations in the regulation of smooth muscle cell (SMC) growth, the present studies were conducted to evaluate the proliferative responses of quail aortic SMCs to @entity3015 treatment in vivo and in vitro. Measurements of @entity665 incorporation and cell growth were conducted in cultured aortic SMCs isolated from male @entity5872 treated with 10 mg/kg @entity3015 or vehicle weekly for 10 weeks or in naive aortic SMCs exposed in vitro to @entity3015 (0.003-30 microM). Inhibition of DNA synthesis was observed in primary and early passage cultures of aortic SMCs isolated from @entity3015 -treated quail relative to controls. Continued propagation of these cultures yielded a population of @entity3015 cells which proliferated at faster rates than controls. The proliferative phenotype induced by @entity3015 was first observed after the tenth passage and preserved in all subsequent passages tested. In vitro growth of SMCs from @entity3015 -treated animals was serum- and anchorage-dependent. A 24-h exposure of cycling SMC cultures to @entity3015 (0.003-30 microM) was associated with a dose-dependent decrease in DNA synthesis and significant delay in the progression of SMCs through the cell cycle. A time-course study revealed that maximal inhibition of DNA synthesis occurred 10 h after addition of 3 microM @entity3015 to cycling cultures of SMCs. As seen in SMCs isolated from @entity3015 -treated quail, serial subculture of SMCs exposed to 0.3 microM @entity3015 in vitro for 24 h yielded a fast-growing population of cells. In these cultures, expression of the proliferative phenotype was observed after the fifth passage. These data suggest that @entity3015 induces the expression of a proliferative phenotype in aortic SMCs characterized by enhanced serum responsiveness. This phenotypic modulation may contribute to the initiation and/or progression of @entity455 of @entity731 etiology induced by @entity3015 .

title: Proliferative responses of quail aortic smooth muscle cells to @entity3014 : implications in PAH-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity5872 :: ('93934', 'Species') :: ['Japanese quail']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherogenesis']


abstract: Although several tests are available to assess the presence and severity of @entity2488 ( @entity2488 ), there is no agreement on the most appropriate stimulus. The most commonly used stimuli are @entity2710 , @entity112 , and exercise. Daily peak expiratory flow (PEF) variation has been reported to correlate with the severity of @entity2488 , and in recent years this has been widely used because of its noninvasiveness and ease of performance. This study was carried out to determine the relationship among these four commonly used measures of bronchial responsiveness in @entity748 @entity1 . For this purpose, 12 @entity748 @entity1 of varying disease severity were recruited. Subjects underwent three challenges on 3 separate days in 1 week. During the week preceding the challenges ( @entity2710 , @entity112 , and exercise), @entity1 recorded PEF three times a day. All @entity1 had PC20 less than 8 mg/ml with @entity2710 and @entity112 . @entity1 with PC20 greater than 3.5 mg/ml for both @entity2710 or @entity112 had negative exercise challenges. The strongest correlation was between @entity112 and @entity2710 (r = 0.95). Exercise-induced @entity5143 had substantial and significant correlation with the other three measures. No significant correlation was observed between PEF variability and @entity112 or @entity2710 . The varying degrees of relationships among the four commonly used measures suggests that each method yields information on different but related phenomena. More than one measure may be required to detect the different aspects of @entity748 bronchial responsiveness.

title: Comparison of four different measures of bronchial responsiveness in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['BHR', 'bronchial hyperresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that consolidation therapy with yttrium-90 ((90)Y) -ibritumomab tiuxetan after brief initial therapy with four cycles of rituximab plus @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 , and @entity229 (R- @entity3726 ) in @entity1 with previously untreated @entity1073 would be a well-tolerated regimen that would improve outcomes compared with historical R- @entity3726 data. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 >=  18 years old with histologically confirmed @entity1073 expressing @entity2225 and @entity4910 who had not received any previous therapy and had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 2 and adequate organ function were eligible. The study enrolled and treated 57 @entity1 , of whom 56 @entity1 were eligible. Fifty-two @entity1 (50 eligible @entity1 ) received (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan. The study design required 52 eligible @entity1 to detect a 50% improvement in the median time to treatment failure (TTF) compared with that reported for six cycles of R- @entity3726 . RESULTS: With 56 analyzed @entity1 (median age, 60 years; @entity1 , 73%), the overall response rate was 82% (55% complete response/complete response-unconfirmed). With a median follow-up of 72 months, the median TTF was 34.2 months. The median overall survival (OS) has not been reached, with an estimated 5-year OS of 73% (79% for @entity1  <= age 65 years v 62% for @entity1 > age 65 years; P = .08 [log-rank test]). There were no unexpected @entity137 . CONCLUSION: R- @entity3726 given for four cycles followed by (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan compared favorably with historical results with six cycles of R- @entity3726 in @entity1 with previously untreated @entity1073 . This regimen was well tolerated and should be applicable to most @entity1 with this disease.

title: Phase II study of rituximab plus XXXX , @entity632 , @entity1891 , and @entity229 immunochemotherapy followed by yttrium-90-ibritumomab tiuxetan in untreated @entity1073 : Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E1499.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle-cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Relapses occur frequently in @entity1 with @entity1988 . Renal biopsy is the gold standard for assessing renal activity and hence guiding the treatment. Whether repeat renal biopsy is helpful during flares of @entity1988 remains inconclusive. In the present study, we retrospectively reviewed the @entity1 with @entity1988 who had more than one renal biopsy with the hope to find the clinical value of repeat biopsy. METHODS: @entity1 who had a diagnosis of @entity1988 and two or more renal biopsies were selected from the database of the @entity1 pathology registration at this renal division. Renal biopsy was evaluated according to the International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) classification of @entity1988 . The pathological patterns and treatment regimens were analyzed after a repeat biopsy. RESULTS: We identified 44 @entity1252 @entity1 with serial renal biopsies. In total, there were 94 renal biopsies. Overall, the pathological transition occurred in 64% instances according to the ISN/RPS class. When the transition was analyzed according to proliferative, membranous or mix lesions, it showed different profile: 35% in @entity1 with @entity75 , 23.5% @entity1 with mix lesions, 100% in @entity1 with pure @entity66 . The pathological transition could not be predicted by any clinical characteristics. After the repeat renal biopsy, 34% of @entity1 had a change in their treatment regimens. CONCLUSIONS: The pathological conversion was very prevalent in @entity1 with @entity1988 . However, the transitions became less prevalent when they were analyzed according to pure membranous, proliferative, and mix lesion. Repeat biopsy might be helpful to avoid unnecessary increased immunosuppression therapy.

title: Changes in pathological pattern and treatment regimens based on repeat renal biopsy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['membranous lesion']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative lesion']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['lupus nephritis']


abstract: CONTEXT: Aberrant @entity172 synthesis and metabolism have been suggested to increase local @entity53 (E2) concentration in @entity46 and thus to promote the growth of the lesions. However, tissue @entity172 concentrations within the endometrium and different types of @entity75 have not been described. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate local E2 and @entity1815 (E1) concentrations in the endometrium and different types of @entity75 , and to correlate them with the expression of @entity172 -metabolizing enzymes. @entity1 : @entity1 with @entity46 (n = 60) and healthy controls (n = 16) participated in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We measured serum and tissue concentrations of @entity39174 as well as mRNA expression of the @entity172 -metabolizing enzymes. RESULTS: Endometrial or endometriotic intratissue E2 concentrations did not reflect the corresponding serum levels. In the proliferative phase, endometrial E2 concentration was five to eight times higher than in the serum, whereas in the secretory phase the E2 concentration was about half of that in the serum. Accordingly, a markedly higher E2/E1 ratio was observed in the endometrium at the proliferative phase compared with the secretory phase. In the @entity75 , E2 levels were predominating over those of E1 throughout the menstrual cycle. Among the @entity14128 (17b) dehydrogenase (HSD17B) enzymes analyzed, @entity35901 negatively correlated with the E2 concentration in the endometrium, and @entity6507 was strongly expressed, especially in the deep lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Endometrial or endometriotic tissue E2 concentrations are actively regulated by local @entity172 metabolism in the tissue. Thus, the inhibition of local E2 synthesis is a valid, novel approach to reduce local E2-dependent growth of endometriotic tissue.

title: Endometrial and endometriotic concentrations of XXXX and @entity53 are determined by local metabolism rather than circulating levels.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis lesions']

entities_list: @entity14128 :: ('CHEBI:35350', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxysteroid']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity1815 :: (MESH:D004970,Chemical) :: ['estrone']