abstract: PURPOSE: Metastatic involvement of the inguinal lymph nodes is associated with decreased survival and is a strong prognostic factor in @entity957 . The aim of the current systematic review was to evaluate the accuracy of @entity419 PET/CT for inguinal lymph node staging in @entity957 and possible influential factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medline, SCOPUS, Springer, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were searched using the key words "(penile or penis) and PET," with no date or language limitation. The meeting abstracts were not excluded either. Statistical pooling was performed using the random-effects model. RESULTS: Seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. One article had 2 different subgroups of @entity1 , and each subgroup was considered as a separate study. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 80.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 69.5%-89.4%) and 92.4% (95% CI: 86.8%-96.2%), respectively. Pooled sensitivity was 96.4% (95% CI: 81.7%-99.9%) for cN+ and 56.5% (95% CI: 34.5%-76.8%) for cN0 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity419 PET/CT imaging has relatively low sensitivity (especially in cN0 @entity1 ) for detection of inguinal lymph node involvement in @entity5 @entity1 , which does not justify its routine use. However, @entity1 with clinically palpable lymph nodes may benefit from @entity419 PET/CT because the sensitivity in this subgroup of @entity1 is high.

title: Accuracy of @entity419 PET/CT for diagnosing inguinal lymph node involvement in XXXX : systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['penile squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['penile cancer']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['penile squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: The present study investigates the regulatory role of exogenous @entity460 ( @entity9495 ) in developing salt stress tolerance in @entity579 seedlings. Hydroponically grown 13-day-old @entity579 ( @entity579 . cv. BRRI dhan47) seedlings were exposed to 200 mM @entity4202 alone and combined with 2 mM @entity15130 and 2 mM @entity4527 ( @entity4527 , a @entity9495 scavenger) for 3 days. The salt stress caused growth inhibition, @entity24194 and water shortage in the @entity579 seedlings. The salt-induced stress disrupted ion homeostasis through @entity4024 influx and @entity3529 efflux, and decreased other mineral nutrient uptake. Salt stress caused oxidative stress in seedlings through lipid peroxidation, loss of plasma membrane integrity, higher reactive @entity26 species (ROS) production and @entity14625 (MG) formation. The salt-stressed seedlings supplemented with exogenous @entity9495 recovered from water loss, @entity24194 and growth inhibition. @entity460 supplementation in the salt-stressed @entity579 seedlings improved ion homeostasis by inhibition of @entity4024 influx and @entity3529 leakage. Exogenous @entity9495 also improved ROS and @entity10518 by improving the antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems, respectively. On the other hand, applying @entity4527 along with salt and @entity9495 again negatively affected the seedlings as @entity4527 negated @entity9495 activity. It confirms that, the positive responses in salt-stressed @entity579 seedlings to exogenous @entity9495 were for @entity9495 mediated improvement of ion homeostasis, antioxidant defense and glyoxalase system.

title: @entity460 Supplementation Improves @entity4024 / XXXX Ratio, Antioxidant Defense and Glyoxalase Systems in Salt-Stressed @entity579 Seedlings.

entities_list: @entity14625 :: ('MESH:D011765', 'Chemical') :: ['methylglyoxal']

entities_list: @entity10518 :: ('MESH:C565043', 'Disease') :: ['MG detoxification']

entities_list: @entity4527 :: ('MESH:D004533', 'Chemical') :: ['EGTA', 'ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity579 :: ('4530', 'Species') :: ['Oryza sativa L', 'rice']

answer: @entity3529 :: (D011188,Chemical) :: ['K(+)']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10855 ( @entity10855 ) is a plasma @entity563 protease with systemic anticoagulant and a wide spectrum of cytoprotective activities that has been proposed as a promising therapy for @entity64 . Therefore, we sought to investigate the role of endogenous @entity10855 in @entity1 @entity385 . METHODS: Our target were 119 consecutive @entity1 with an @entity385 involving the middle cerebral artery territory who received @entity3479 ) within 3 h of symptom onset. @entity10855 was measured before, as well as 1 and 2 h after @entity1456 administration, and again at 12 and 24 h after @entity64 onset. Cranial tomography scan was obtained at admission and repeated at 24-48 h or when a neurological worsening occurred to rule out the presence of @entity548 . The functional outcome was evaluated by 3-month modified Rankin Scale. RESULTS: A total of 117 @entity1456 -treated @entity1 were finally included in the analyses. @entity10855 peaked at 1 h after @entity1456 administration (pretreatment @entity10855 = 132.44 +/- 36.39%, 1-hour @entity10855 = 184.20 +/- 34.28%, 2-hour @entity10855 = 145.50 +/- 35.23%; p < 0.0001). Interestingly, a high 2-hour @entity10855 level was associated with @entity548 (OR = 25.19; 95% CI = 4.76-133.19; p = 0.0001) and mortality (OR = 13.8; 95% CI = 2.58-73.63; p = 0.001), in a logistic regression model. Our results remained significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS: A high endogenous @entity10855 level 2 h after @entity1456 administration is independently associated with hemorrhagic transformation and mortality in our cohort of @entity64 @entity1 . Establishing any causal link for these relationships needs further research.

title: Endogenous activated protein C predicts hemorrhagic transformation and mortality after @entity1456 treatment in @entity64 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymal hemorrhages', 'hemorrhagic complications']

entities_list: @entity10855 :: ('MESH:D020016', 'Disease') :: ['Activated protein C', 'APC']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4037 is a common complication of open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The aim of this study was to determine whether prophylactic mesh placement during RYGB would reduce the incidence of @entity86 . METHODS: Obese @entity1 undergoing RYGB by a single surgeon had prosthetic mesh placed in a subfascial location at the conclusion of the procedure. The incidences of recurrent @entity547 and morbidity associated with the placement of mesh were assessed. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 underwent RYGB with prophylactic mesh placement over 6 months. The average preoperative body mass index was 46.6 kg/m(2). Half of the @entity1 were @entity6 . None were smokers. During mean follow-up of 6 months, 4 @entity1 (25%) required mesh excision, 3 for infection and 1 for a persistently symptomatic @entity2080 . One @entity1 was explanted incidentally in the course of reexploration for intractable @entity390 and @entity391 . Another developed an incisional @entity547 despite prophylactic mesh. CONCLUSIONS: In the investigators' experience, the use of prophylactic new-generation mesh at the time of open RYGB led to an unacceptable rate of local complications. They caution against this technique in @entity1 undergoing open RYGB.

title: Prophylactic mesh to prevent incisional XXXX : a note of caution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hernias']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['Ventral hernia']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: Polymeric nanosphere-mediated gene delivery may sustain the duration of plasmid DNA (pDNA) administration. In this study, @entity7050 ( @entity7050 ) nanospheres were evaluated as a gene carrier. The pDNA-loaded @entity7050 nanospheres were formulated with high encapsulation efficiency (87%). The nanospheres sustained release of pDNA for 11 days. The released pDNA maintained its structural and functional integrity. Furthermore, the @entity7050 nanospheres showed lower @entity137 than @entity12279 ( @entity8681 ) in vitro and in vivo. The nanospheres with @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) gene were injected into skeletal muscle of @entity63 limb model, and gene expression mediated by the @entity7050 nanospheres with @entity1611 gene was compared to that of @entity8681 /pDNA or naked pDNA in vivo. @entity7050 nanosphere/pDNA had significantly higher @entity1611 expression levels in comparison to @entity8681 /pDNA and naked pDNA at 12 days after administration. In addition, gene therapy using @entity7050 nanospheres resulted in more extensive neovascularization at @entity63 sites than both naked pDNA and @entity8681 /pDNA. These results indicated that @entity7050 nanosphere might be useful as a potential carrier for skeletal muscle gene delivery applications.

title: Nanosphere-mediated delivery of XXXX gene for therapeutic angiogenesis in mouse @entity63 limbs.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity12279 :: ('MESH:D011094', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylenimine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity7050 :: ('MESH:C043435', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)', 'PLGA']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity1611 :: (22339(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Following fear conditioning (FC), ex vivo evidence suggests that early dynamics of cellular and molecular plasticity in amygdala and hippocampal circuits mediate responses to fear. Such altered dynamics in fear circuits are thought to be etiologically related to @entity148 including @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ). Consistent with this, neuroimaging studies of individuals with established @entity1005 in the months after trauma have revealed changes in brain regions responsible for processing fear. However, whether early changes in fear circuits can be captured in vivo is not known. METHODS: We hypothesized that in vivo magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) would be sensitive to rapid microstructural changes elicited by FC in an experimental @entity19 @entity1005 model. We employed a repeated measures paired design to compare in vivo DTI measurements before, one hour after, and one day after FC-exposed @entity19 (n=18). RESULTS: Using voxel-wise repeated measures analysis, fractional anisotropy (FA) significantly increased then decreased in amygdala, decreased then increased in hippocampus, and was increasing in cingulum and adjacent gray matter one hour and one day post-FC respectively. These findings demonstrate that DTI is sensitive to early changes in brain microstructure following FC, and that FC elicits distinct, rapid in vivo responses in amygdala and hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that DTI can detect rapid microstructural changes in brain regions known to mediate fear conditioning in vivo. DTI indices could be explored as a translational tool to capture potential early biological changes in individuals at risk for developing @entity1005 .

title: MR diffusion tensor imaging detects rapid microstructural changes in amygdala and hippocampus following fear conditioning in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether intrinsic contraction-relaxation properties of coronary arteries are altered during acute gram-negative @entity5694 . Coronary vascular smooth muscle (VSM) was evaluated in vitro using large and small left circumflex coronary ring preparations isolated from @entity235 4 h after administration of either saline (control; C) or 1.5 mg/kg @entity526 endotoxin (ET). ET @entity235 exhibited marked systemic @entity551 and @entity65 throughout the 4-h in vivo phase of the study accompanied by @entity296 flow. Isolated coronary vessels were stretched to the apex of the length-contractile @entity2701 curve; no differences were observed in length-active or length-passive @entity2701 (vessel compliance) relationships between C and ET vessels. Isometric contractions produced by K+ and @entity3774 (PGF2 alpha) were similar in C and ET coronary arteries. VSM relaxant responses to @entity1854 (NP; 10(-10) to 10(-4) M) were also similar in C and ET vessels. In contrast to the apparent lack of effect of ET on directly acting VSM agents, relaxation responses to the endothelial-dependent vasodilator @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) were significantly less in ET vessels. Impaired vasodilator response to @entity1617 was not improved by in vivo treatment with the combination antioxidant therapy of @entity208 , @entity224 dismutase, and @entity7669 . We conclude that both depolarization (K+) and receptor (PGF2 alpha)-mediated contractile mechanisms, as well as basal @entity6708 (NP)-mediated vasodilator mechanisms, remained functional in coronary vasculature during acute @entity5694 . Inhibition of @entity1617 -mediated relaxation in ET vessels suggests altered endothelial-dependent vasodilation in coronary arteries during @entity5694 , but this change did not seem to be associated causally with @entity26 free radicals.

title: Coronary vascular smooth muscle function in @entity526 @entity5694 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in total left ventricular myocardial blood']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2 alpha']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular depression']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical utility of dual phase computed tomography (CT) for assessment of hepatic @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity320 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective case-control study of dual phase CT examinations consisting of late hepatic arterial and portal venous phases performed on @entity1 with @entity320 was undertaken. In 2010, 420 dual phase CT examinations were performed on 188 @entity1 . Of these, 46 CT examinations on 24 @entity1 with hepatic @entity3 were combined with 52 control studies for evaluation. Two blinded reviewers independently evaluated single portal venous phase alone and dual phase imaging on separate occasions. The presence of @entity99 , the conspicuity of the lesions, and the likelihood that the detected lesions were @entity3 was recorded. Agreement between readers, sensitivity and specificity was calculated. RESULTS: In no case was hepatic metastatic disease only apparent on arterial phase imaging. Arterially enhancing @entity99 only visible on the arterial phase or much more conspicuous on the arterial phase were present in 10 studies (10%), all of which were benign. Liver @entity3 were rated as being more accurately assessed on the portal venous phase in up to 100%. In a per scan analysis dual phase and venous phase imaging had similar sensitivities of 96% (95%, CI: 86-100) and 98% (95%, CI: 89-100), respectively. CONCLUSION: Single portal venous phase imaging is adequate for staging and surveillance in @entity1 with @entity320 .

title: Utility of dual phase liver CT for XXXX staging and surveillance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['metastatic melanoma']


abstract: AIMS: @entity414 @entity8 (UAN) is due to excessive @entity414 , which leads to @entity5052 and @entity8 via the deposition of urate microcrystals in the kidneys. Iridoid glycosides of Paederia scandens (IGPS) is a major active component isolated from the traditional Chinese herb P. scandens (LOUR.) MERRILL (Rubiaceae). This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of IGPS and its mechanism on UAN @entity35 . MAIN METHODS: The experimental model of UAN @entity35 was induced by using uricopoiesis promoter @entity5536 and uricase inhibitor @entity26973 (PO). Treatment groups received three different doses of IGPS, @entity208 (AP) and @entity11368 ( @entity34117 ) daily for 24days respectively. The histopathology of renal tissues in UAN @entity35 were assessed for conventional morphological evaluation. The nuclear factor-kBp65 (NF-kBp65), @entity657 ( @entity657 ) and a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) protein expression of renal tissues in UAN @entity35 were investigated by immunohistochemistry. @entity657 and a-SMA mRNA levels were monitored by method of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). KEY FINDINGS: Treatment with IGPS significantly ameliorated UAN induced @entity8 , inhibited the biological activity of NF-kBp65, @entity657 and a-SMA, and suppressed the mRNA expressions of @entity657 and a-SMA. SIGNIFICANCE: IGPS exerts a protective effect against @entity8 in UAN rats, possesses anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects by inactivating NF-kBp65 pathway transmembrane signal transduction, down regulating the expression of @entity657 and a-SMA to modulate pro-inflammatory mediator production in @entity8 tissue to improve @entity8 in UAN @entity35 .

title: Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of iridoid glycosides from Paederia scandens (LOUR.) MERRILL (Rubiaceae) on @entity414 @entity8 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal fibrosis', 'kidney damage', 'renal injury', 'renal tissue injury']

entities_list: @entity657 :: ('24770(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1', 'MCP-1']

entities_list: @entity11368 :: ('MESH:D001553', 'Chemical') :: ['benzbromarone']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity26973 :: ('MESH:C489337', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium oxonate']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['Uric acid', 'uric acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1567 appear to exhibit biological heterogeneity and, except in the case of @entity5 , histological appearances that do not always allow their behaviour to be predicted. The aim of this study was to assess keratin expression in African @entity1567 and to correlate this with their clinical and histological features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Expression of simple keratins 7, 8, 18 and 19; cornification keratins 1 and 10; basal and differentiation keratins 5 and 14 and hyperproliferation-related keratins 6 and 16 in 14-39 cases of @entity1567 was assessed by immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS: There was patchy expression of @entity5822 in the suprabasal and stellate reticulum-like cells in some cases. All cases showed similar weak expression for keratins 8 and 18 in suprabasal and stellate reticulum-like cells but none showed keratin 1 or 10 expression. There was intense expression of keratins 5, 14 and 19 by all @entity5 cells suggesting that they may retain basal cell characteristics with a potential for proliferation. No consistent relationship was seen between histological types and keratin expression pattern. However, keratins 6 and 16, expressed by suprabasal and stellate reticulum-like cells, showed a marked variation within and between cases, with the highest levels of expression in squamous strands. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that squamous strands may represent the sites of most active growth within individual @entity5 and expression of keratins 6, 16 and 19 may be predictors of rapid growth. There is a need for further investigation of this in longitudinal clinical studies.

title: An immunohistochemical study of keratin expression in XXXX from a Kenyan population.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1567 :: ('MESH:D000564', 'Disease') :: ['ameloblastoma', 'ameloblastomas', 'Ameloblastomas']

answer: @entity1567 :: (MESH:D000564,Disease) :: ['ameloblastoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Neonatal @entity8593 surgery requires careful assessment of bowel patency, resection of the affected bowel and a diligent @entity254 . Traditional @entity254 with sutures via a laparoscopic approach would lengthen the surgical time. Various minimally invasive techniques have been reported for neonatal surgery. Our technique offers improved benefits of laparoscopy while observing good principles of surgery. MATERIALS AND SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Using a three-port approach to aid careful laparoscopic inspection of the bowel, we performed laparoscopy-assisted neonatal @entity8593 repair in three term neonates with no cardiorespiratory compromise. @entity254 was manually performed after exteriorzation of the bowel via the umbilical port site without any extension of the original port-site incision. There were no complications or conversions to open approach. DISCUSSION: Our technique is an improvement over previously reported limited/umbilical laparotomy approaches and blends the benefits of laparoscopy and open surgery most effectively. Careful bowel inspection and assessment of patency could be safely and systematically performed laparoscopically with limited exteriorization of the bowel for rapid hand-sewn @entity254 and without compromising bowel viability. A multicenter randomized trial will be useful to compare the open laparotomy approach with our technique.

title: Laparoscopy-assisted surgery for neonatal XXXX : single-center experience(*).

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomosis', 'anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity8593 :: ('MESH:D007409', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal atresia']

answer: @entity8593 :: (MESH:D007409,Disease) :: ['intestinal atresia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Psychiatric comorbidity is the rule in @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ); however, very few studies have evaluated the clinical characteristics of @entity1 with no co-occurring disorders (non-comorbid or "pure" @entity3119 ). The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of pure cases in a large multicenter sample of @entity3119 @entity1 and compare the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of individuals with and without any lifetime @entity2270 . METHOD: A cross-sectional study with 955 adult @entity1 of the Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (C-TOC). Assessment instruments included the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, The USP-Sensory Phenomena Scale and the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale. Comorbidities were evaluated using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV @entity74 . Bivariate analyses were followed by logistic regression. RESULTS: Only 74 @entity1 (7.7%) presented pure @entity3119 . Compared with those presenting at least one lifetime comorbidity (881, 92.3%), non-comorbid @entity1 were more likely to be female and to be working, reported less traumatic experiences and presented lower scores in the Y-BOCS obsession subscale and in total DY-BOCS scores. All symptom dimensions except contamination-cleaning and hoarding were less severe in non-comorbid @entity1 . They also presented less severe @entity308 and @entity148 , lower suicidality and less previous treatments. In the logistic regression, the following variables predicted pure @entity3119 : sex, severity of @entity308 , previous suicidal thoughts and psychotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Pure @entity3119 @entity1 were the minority in this large sample and were characterized by female sex, less severe @entity308 , less suicidal thoughts and less use of psychotherapy as a treatment modality. The implications of these findings for clinical practice are discussed.

title: Clinical features of pure XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive and anxious symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Axis I Disorders']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['axis I comorbidity']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder', 'OCD']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']


abstract: Introduction.    Early animal and @entity1 evidence existed for a postsynaptic dorsal column (PSDC) pathway for @entity3825 that, when lesioned, decreased @entity158 of @entity221 . There have been recent anecdotal reports in the literature that @entity602 ( @entity602 ) reduces @entity158 . We present here a review of the literature supporting a hypothesis that @entity602 might work by modulating information through the spinothalamic tracts (STT) and PSDC. Methods.    A review of the relevant literature regarding nociception, nociceptive transmission, visceral sensitization, and the "brain-gut" @entity2270 ; and @entity602 was performed as a foundation for this hypothesis. Key words used for this review of databases and nonindexed relevant journals included @entity3825 , @entity3825 , @entity1931 , visceral @entity9 , visceral sensitization, "brain-gut" @entity2270 , @entity602 , PSDC pathway, and STTs. Results.    An abundance of both clinical and scientific literature suggests the @entity1109 and sensitized nature of chronic @entity3825 . There is also evidence that there may be an interaction between the PSDC pathway and lateral spinothalamic tracts (LSTT) that might be operant in the preclinical and anecdotal clinical evidence that @entity602 ameliorates the @entity158 . Conclusions.    @entity1118 may be secondary to visceral sensitization and @entity1931 and can be affected by the spinal cord and brain, the "brain-gut" @entity2270 . There is preclinical evidence and clinical anecdotes that this nociceptive information is transmitted in the central nervous system through the PSDC pathway and LSTT and that @entity602 decreases @entity158 . It may be that @entity602 works by modulation of the above pathways.

title: Spinal Cord Stimulation Modulates Visceral Nociception and XXXX via the Spinothalamic Tracts and the Postsynaptic Dorsal Column Pathways: A Literature Review and Hypothesis.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['visceral hyperalgesia', 'hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity3825 :: ('MESH:D059265', 'Disease') :: ['visceral nociception', 'visceral pain']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord stimulation', 'SCS']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic visceral nociception']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain of visceral nociception']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['terminal illness']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['Hyperalgesia']


abstract: Vasodilators may be required when signs of @entity712 persist, despite adequate digitalo-diuretic therapy. @entity3159 is a post-synaptic alpha-blocker which acts on both cardiac preload and afterload. For this reason, it has been widely used in the treatment of @entity712 . We used @entity3159 in an open uncontrolled trial in 17 @entity1 with an average of 59 years, in whom Stage III or IV @entity712 persisted despite digitalis and diuretic therapy. Haemodynamic data obtained with a Swan Ganz catheter was used to judge the effectiveness of an initial dose of @entity3159 and long-term results were assessed by repeat studies after 6 and 10 weeks of continuous therapy. After the first, we observed a marked fall in pulmonary capillary (15.5% 7.4 vs 22.9% 8.8 mm Hg, p less than 0.01) and mean pulmonary artery pressures (23.8% 9.2 vs 34.2 +/- 10.6 mm Hg, p less than 0.001). Systemic vascular resistances were also significantly reduced (1 370 +/- 406 vs 1 983 +/- 464 dynes.s.cm-5, p less than 0.001). There was a moderate @entity551 (80.8% 10.6 vs 95.6 +/- 129 mm Hg, p less than 0.001). Cardiac index increased significantly (2.7 +/- 0.68 vs 2.13% 0.56 1/min/m2, p less than 0.01). The heart rate was constant. The maintenance dose was 5 mg three times daily in 9 cases, and 10 mg three times daily in the other 8 cases. The medium term results were assessed in 14 @entity1 as 2 @entity1 died and 1 stopped treatment for undetermined reasons. The symptomatic improvement was marked (class 2.5 +/- 0.76 vs 3.64 +/- 0.49, p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX in the treatment of chronic cardiac insufficiency].

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['Prazosin', 'prazosin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['fall in mean systemic blood pressure']

answer: @entity3159 :: (MESH:D011224,Chemical) :: ['Prazosin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Unilateral spinal anesthesia has its advantages, especially in @entity1 undergoing outpatient basis surgeries. Low dose, slow speed of administration, and the lateral positioning make easier the unilateral distribution in spinal anesthesia. Isobaric, hyperbaric, and hypobaric solutions of @entity1341 were compared in the unilateral spinal anesthesia in @entity1 undergoing outpatient basis orthopedic surgeries. METHODS: One hundred and fifty @entity1 were randomly divided in three groups to receive 5 mg of 0.5% isobaric @entity1341 (Iso Group), 5 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric @entity1341 (Hyper Group), or 5 mg of 0.15% hypobaric @entity1341 (Hypo Group). The solutions were administered in the L3-L4 space with the @entity1 in the lateral decubitus and remaining in this position for 20 minutes. Sensitive anesthesia was evaluated by the pin prick test. Motor blockade was determined by the modified Bromage scale. Both blockades were compared with the opposite side and among themselves. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the side of the surgery and the opposite side in all three groups at 20 minutes, but the frequency of unilateral spinal anesthesia was greater with the hyperbaric and hypobaric solutions. Sensitive and motor blockades were observed in 14 @entity1 in the Iso Group, 38 @entity1 in the Hyper Group, and 40 @entity1 in the Hypo Group. @entity1 did not develop any hemodynamic changes. @entity10 and transitory neurological symptoms were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Spinal anesthesia with hypobaric and hyperbaric solutions present a higher frequency of unilateral anesthesia. After 20 minutes, isobaric @entity1341 mobilized into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) resulted in unilateral spinal anesthesia in only 28% of the @entity1 .

title: [Low dose isobaric, hyperbaric, or hypobaric XXXX for unilateral spinal anesthesia.].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['Postpuncture headache']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: The attherosclerosis risk-factors occurrence is studied in the present paper and compared with that of abnormal coronarogram in 376 male subjects. As an abnormal coronarogram is estimated this with at least one of coronaries having more than 50% of lumen obstructed. The abnormal coronarogram occurred significantly with more frequently in male @entity1 with @entity5522 an in smokers (p less than 0.001). In a total of male subjects with positive coronarographic findings, the significantly higher averaged levels of total @entity165 (p less than 0.01) have been stated. Authors detected the levels of total @entity165 higher than 6.72 mmol/l and those of @entity1674 higher than 1.80 mmol/l are significantly exerting the influence on the value of coronarographic score. Of particular interest is a fact that no significant relation of abnormal coronarogram to the occurrence of systemic @entity101 has been detected as well as to the disorders of glycide metabolism and @entity28 . However, mathematically significant relation has been determined between the smoking and @entity5522 (p less than 0.001). The cigarette smoking was stated to enhance @entity5522 as 4 %. Smokers have been found to represent pathologically increased both @entity412 and total @entity165 levels. It is to be said that the group of smokers has values of body mass index (BMI) lower ones than the group of non-smokers. Authors also revealed the disorders of glycide metabolism were related with higher occurrence of @entity5522 in @entity1 as 1-2%. Although no significantly frequent occurrence of glycide @entity209 has been proved in @entity1 with abnormal coronarogram, the more detailed analysis showed those with glycide @entity209 were significantly higher in coronarographic score (p less than 0.05) in contrast with the group compared, and showed significantly higher occurrence of hemodynamically important stenoses than the controls. The results of the present work are believed to enlarge the knowledge about the relations between the @entity731 changes, their clinical manifestations and risk-factors estimated in conditions which are completely different from those of routine epidemiological studies. The necessity of primary prevention is confirmed and possible secondary measures are indicated.

title: [ @entity731 risk factors in @entity1 examined by coronarography. II. Results and evaluation in the group of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity5522 :: ('MESH:D006951', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with @entity6 often live with other chronic conditions and lead complicated lives. Determining what is the best management decision for a @entity1 requires consideration of each individual's personal, social and biomedical context, what he or she values, the reasons he or she has to value the available options, and the relative contribution of each option in terms of benefits, harms, costs and inconveniences. Empathic conversations between @entity1 and clinicians to diagnose the @entity1 situation that necessitates action and the range of evidence-based actions that best address the situation, so-called shared decision-making, are essential to the personalized care of @entity1 with @entity6 .  The aim of the present review was to present key elements of shared decision-making and propose three different approaches for its application. The first approach focuses on transferring information to @entity1 so that they can make decisions. The second approach, choice, focuses on cultivating the individual's ability to give voice to which choice is best for them. The third approach, conversation, establishes an empathic conversational environment through which the individual with @entity6 and their clinician think and talk through how to address the problems of living with @entity6 and related illnesses. These approaches are manifest in the design of evidence-based decision aids created to support shared decision-making. In randomized trials, decision aids can efficiently improve @entity1 's knowledge, satisfaction, risk awareness, decisional conflict and involvement. Further research, however, is needed to better understand when and how to promote the empathic conversations, @entity1 , clinician and service and policy contexts necessary to routinely implement shared decision-making in different at scale healthcare systems. In the interim, sufficient evidence and tools exist for @entity1 with @entity6 and their clinicians to gain expertise in making decisions together. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Shared decision-making in the care of individuals with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people', 'persons', 'People']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Different strategies are available for the management of @entity1 with early (i.e. @entity5 stage one or two) @entity1697 and a clinically negative neck. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 2006, a questionnaire was sent to the eight @entity135 centres of the Dutch Head and Neck Oncology Cooperative Group. This questionnaire covered: the factors influencing the decision to perform an elective neck dissection; the neck staging procedure; and the types of neck dissection undertaken. RESULTS: All eight questionnaires were returned completed. Respondents indicated that the site (n = 6), size (n = 7) and thickness (n = 6) of the primary @entity5 were important in decisions regarding elective neck dissection. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology was the most frequently used diagnostic technique (n = 7). Depending on the site and stage of the primary @entity5 presented, in the different cases 3-7 of the centres would perform an elective neck dissection. Selective neck dissections (i.e. levels I to III/IV) were more frequently performed than modified radical neck dissections. CONCLUSION: There was no uniformity regarding management of the clinically negative neck in @entity1 with early stage @entity1697 , within The Netherlands.

title: Indications and extent of elective neck dissection in @entity1 with early stage XXXX : nationwide survey in The Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma', 'oral or oropharyngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1697 :: (MESH:D009062,Disease) :: ['oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Esophageal @entity850 is one of the major complications of aggressive endoscopic resection. Tissue-engineered epithelial cell grafts have demonstrated effectiveness in promoting re-epithelialization and suppressing @entity32 causing esophageal scarring and @entity850 after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in an animal model. OBJECTIVE: To confirm the reproducibility and efficacy of a @entity1 oral mucosal epithelial cell (hOMEC) sheet cultured on temperature-responsive surface in conformity with Good Manufacturing Practice guidelines. DESIGN: A preclinical study. SETTING: Good Manufacturing Practice grade cell-processing center, animal laboratory. SUBJECTS: @entity235 esophageal ulcer models, which were made by ESD. INTERVENTIONS: Oral mucosal specimens were obtained from 7 healthy volunteers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT: Fabricated and transplanted hOMEC sheets were subjected to histological analysis. RESULTS: The reproducibility of the fabrication of hOMEC sheets was confirmed. In this method, animal-derived materials such as 3T3 feeder layer and fetal bovine serum were successfully excluded from the culture condition. Furthermore, the environment of the culture room and safety cabinet in the cell-processing center was maintained for obtaining sterility assurances during the fabrication. Transplanted hOMEC sheets after ESD were observed to graft onto @entity235 esophageal ulcer surfaces. LIMITATIONS: Small number of subjects, animal model. CONCLUSIONS: Cultured hOMEC sheets were fabricated without animal-derived materials and demonstrated efficacy as a medical device that promotes re-epithelialization of an esophageal ulcer after ESD.

title: Fabrication of XXXX oral mucosal epithelial cell sheets for treatment of esophageal ulceration by endoscopic submucosal dissection.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cancer stem cell model suggested that @entity5 progression is driven by the overpopulation of @entity5 stem cells and eradicating or inhibiting the symmetric division of @entity5 stem cells would become the most important therapeutic strategy. However, clinical evidence for this hypothesis is still scarce. To evaluate the overpopulation hypothesis of @entity5 stem cells the association of percentage of @entity5439 + @entity5 cells with clinicopathological parameters in @entity694 was investigated since @entity5439 is a putative @entity5 stem cell marker shared by multiple solid @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Tumor tissues matched with adjacent normal tissues were collected from 104 stage IIIB @entity694 @entity1 who were subject to radical resection between January, 1999 to July, 2003 in this center. The @entity5439 expression was examined with immunohistochemical staining. The correlation of the percentage of @entity5439 + cell with clinicopathological parameters and @entity1 ' 5-year survival was analyzed. RESULTS: The @entity5439 + cells were infrequent and heterogeneous distribution in the @entity5 tissue. Staining of @entity5439 was localized not only on the glandular-luminal surface of @entity5 cells but also on the invasive budding and the poorly differentiated @entity5 with ductal structures. Both univariate and multivariate survival analysis revealed that the percentage of @entity5439 + @entity5 cells and the invasive depth of @entity5 were independently prognostic. The @entity1 with a lower percentage of @entity5439 + @entity5 cells (less than 5%) were strongly associated with a higher 5-year survival rate than those with a higher percentage of @entity5439 + @entity5 cells (greater than or equal to 55%). Additionally, no correlation was obtained between the percentage of @entity5439 + @entity5 cells and the other clinicopathological parameters including gender, age, site of primary mass, pathologic types, grades, and invasive depth. CONCLUSION: The fact that a higher percentage @entity5439 + cells were strongly associated with a poorer prognosis in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity694 implicated that @entity5439 + @entity5 cells contribute to the @entity5 progression, and the overpopulation hypothesis of @entity5 stem cell seems reasonable.

title: Higher percentage of @entity5439 + cells is associated with poor prognosis in XXXX @entity1 with stage IIIB.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon carcinoma']


abstract: A study was undertaken to determine the value of preoperative oral cholecystography and the incidence and complications of @entity2963 in @entity1 undergoing aortic reconstruction. Over an 11-year period, 785 @entity1 underwent aortic reconstruction. Forty-seven had a previous cholecystectomy; of the 738 remaining @entity1 , 394 underwent preoperative operative oral cholecystography to screen for @entity2963 . Seventy-three (18 percent) were found to have @entity1085 . Thirteen had symptoms attributed to @entity2963 and underwent cholecystectomy with aortic reconstruction. Three hundred eighty-one were left with the gallbladder after aortic reconstruction, 60 in whom disease was identified and 321 with normal oral cholecystography results. Three @entity1 developed @entity2679 in the postoperative period, one in the diseased group and two with normal gallbladders. The incidence of postoperative @entity2679 was 0.8 percent (3 @entity1 ). Preoperative oral cholecystography is of little value as a screening tool. Cholecystectomy during aortic reconstruction is probably safe and the risk of postoperative @entity2679 in the asymptomatic @entity1 is negligible.

title: Screening for XXXX prior to aortic reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder disease']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

answer: @entity2963 :: (MESH:D002769,Disease) :: ['cholelithiasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity2021 can have acute coronary syndromes secondary to allergic mediator effects on coronary vessels. Information about these cases is restricted to isolated case reports. METHODS: To review this topic we identified all cases in the PubMed database in English with searches using beta-lactams\adverse effects and several @entity301 MeSH terms. RESULTS: We analyzed 17 cases with a median age of 60 (range 13 to 72). Seventy-six percent of the @entity1 were @entity1 . The @entity3405 antibiotic was administered by oral, IV, and intramuscular routes. Thirteen @entity1 had cutaneous reactions, seven had respiratory symptoms, two had GI symptoms, 11 had @entity662 , and 12 had @entity551 . All reactions except one developed within 30 minutes. Ten @entity1 had an elevated troponin levels. ECG revealed ST segment elevation in all @entity1 except one. Cardiac catheterization was normal in 10 @entity1 and abnormal in five @entity1 . @entity566 testing identified four @entity1 with positive skin tests to antibiotics, four with increased IgE levels, three with increased @entity112 and tryptase levels, and one with a positive leukocyte transformation test. Treatment included drugs for @entity2021 and @entity1187 . All @entity1 survived. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity2021 can present with @entity1187 secondary to either @entity2553 or acute @entity397 and @entity715 formation. The typical @entity1 is a @entity1 with cutaneous, respiratory and cardiac symptoms and with ST segment elevation in inferior leads. The pathogenesis involves @entity112 and other mast cell mediators. Management should include therapy for @entity2021 and vasospasmolytics. The use of @entity1425 requires caution.

title: Kounis syndrome following XXXX antibiotic use: review of literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity3405 :: (CHEBI:35627,Chemical) :: ['beta-lactam']


abstract: Environmental noise causes @entity73 , particularly in executive function and episodic memory domains, in healthy populations. However, the possible moderating influences on this relationship are less clear. This study assessed 54 healthy @entity1 (24 @entity1 ) on a cognitive battery (measuring @entity1155 speed, attention, executive function, working memory, and verbal learning and memory) under three (quiet, urban, and social) noise conditions. IQ, subjective noise sensitivity, sleep, @entity1314 , @entity10963 , @entity308 , @entity148 , stress, and schizotypy were assessed on a single occasion. We found significantly slower @entity1155 speed (urban), reduced working @entity2414 (urban and social), and more cautious decision-making (executive function, urban) under noise conditions. There was no effect of sex. Variance in urban noise-induced changes in @entity1155 speed, attention, @entity2205 Making B-A (executive function), and immediate recall and social noise-induced changes in verbal fluency (executive function) and immediate recall were explained by a combination of baseline cognition and @entity10963 , noise sensitivity, sleep, or cognitive disorganization. Higher baseline cognition (but not IQ) predicted greater impairment under urban and social noise for most cognitive variables. @entity10963 predicted @entity1155 speed, attention, and executive function impairment. Subjective noise sensitivity predicted executive function and @entity2414 . Poor sleep quality predicted less @entity2414 . Finally, lower levels of cognitive disorganization predicted slower @entity1155 speed and greater @entity2414 . The identified moderators should be considered in studies aiming to reduce the detrimental effects of occupational and residential noise. These results highlight the importance of studying noise effects in clinical populations characterized by high levels of the @entity10963 , @entity25 , noise sensitivity, and cognitive disorganization.

title: Moderators of noise-induced XXXX in healthy adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory and episodic memory', 'memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality']

entities_list: @entity10963 :: ('MESH:D010259', 'Disease') :: ['Paranoia', 'paranoia']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbances']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive change']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was initially developed to measure daytime sleep propensity in @entity1 affected by a variety of @entity25 . Obstetrical research has @entity25 in pregnant @entity1 with the ESS, although psychometric analyses and dimensionality evaluations have never been conducted with this population. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to perform a psychometric evaluation of the ESS in an obstetric population. The design was a secondary data analysis of the subjects enrolled in the Prenatal Exposures and @entity1468 Prevention III (PEPP) study. The setting for the subjects who received prenatal care was at Magee- @entity1 's Hospital UPMC in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and included 337 pregnant @entity1 in their first trimester that completed the ESS. METHODS: Principal components analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed using SPSS and M-Plus. Additionally, reliability was assessed and construct validity was measured using the Life Orientation Test (LOT). Lastly, a relationship between @entity25 and snoring was investigated using item 5e from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). RESULTS: PCA with varimax rotation yielded two factors that explained approximately 50% of the variance and @entity3795 results verified this two-factor solution. An overall Cronbach's alpha (0.751) revealed moderate reliability (Factor 1a=.754; Factor 2a=.524). Both convergent and discriminant validity were established. CONCLUSION: The ESS is appropriate for use in an obstetric population to measure @entity25 . Future work should include additional evaluations of the ESS in a diverse group of pregnant @entity1 .

title: Psychometric evaluation of the XXXX scale in an obstetric population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['Preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders', 'measured sleepiness', 'daytime sleepiness']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['Epworth sleepiness']


abstract: Equilibria of the binding of @entity2365 to serum albumin in adults are studied by dialysis-exchange-rate determinations. The results are used for a description of binding equilibria of @entity1718 in general, as follows. 1. The reserve albumin concentration, p, for binding of @entity2365 is used as an approximate measure of p*, the reserve albumin concentration for binding of mixed @entity1718 present in serum. 2. The total availability of @entity1718 is defined as C*/p*, where C* is the total concentration of non-esterified @entity844 . 3. The @entity844 -binding property of albumin is described by L* = p*/P = alpha C*/P, where P is the albumin concentration. The numerical value of alpha is -0.05. The above parameters are measured in sera from four healthy volunteers, in whom large variations of serum @entity844 concentration occurred. A group of 64 healthy students showed considerable variation of L* from one individual to another. It is found that L* decrease significantly with increasing body mass index (body mass divided by the square of the body length). In 42 @entity1 with @entity1723 , L* was independent of body mass index. These findings are consistent with a previously formulated hypothesis of mechanism of @entity28 .

title: Binding of long-chain @entity1718 to serum albumin in healthy @entity1 . Relationship to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty-acid', 'fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2365 :: ('CHEBI:7896', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitate']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes type I']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: @entity149 ( @entity149 ) are @entity146 confined to the CNS, mostly of diffuse large B-cell histotype. Despite improved understanding of the malignant B cells, little is known on the @entity5 microenvironment and on the response of the adaptive immunity against @entity149 . We investigated the phenotype of @entity5 infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and the expression of chemokines that could affect malignant B cells and trafficking of TILs. TILs and chemokine expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Furthermore, we performed in vitro migration assays to analyze the migratory capacity of lymphocytes and malignant B cells toward chemokines and chemokine heterocomplexes. We show in 22 cases of @entity149 from immunocompetent @entity1 that CD8(+) T cells represent the majority of TILs in the @entity5 mass. They tend to accumulate in perivascular areas, show @entity10807 expression and proliferate in situ. Their localization and density correlates with the expression of the inflammatory chemokine @entity373 , which is transcribed and translated by perivascular macrophages and pericytes in the perivascular microenvironment. Moreover, @entity373 and @entity1570 are coexpressed on the @entity5 vasculature and form heterocomplexes. In the presence of @entity373 , @entity1570 -induced migration is enhanced not only on @entity436 (+)/ @entity366 (+)/CD8(+) T cells but also on @entity436 (+)/ @entity366 (-) malignant B cells. These findings indicate the presence of a strong chemoattractant stimulus in the perivascular microenvironment, which might serve as regulator for the recruitment of TILs and for the angiocentric positioning of malignant B cells in the perivascular cuff.

title: Perivascular expression of XXXX and @entity1570 in primary @entity149 : T-cell infiltration and positioning of malignant B cells.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive malignancies']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['PCNSL', 'Primary central nervous system lymphomas']

answer: @entity373 :: (4283,Gene) :: ['CXCL9']


abstract: Integrins play an important role in various lymphocyte functions. In this study, we isolated lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) and @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from normal and malignant tissues in @entity1 with @entity14 , and examined the expression of @entity10483 and @entity12078 integrins on these lymphocytes quantitatively with two-color flow cytometry. Both LPL and TIL expressed a lower level of common @entity10483 chain ( @entity2393 ) in @entity404 and @entity405 subpopulations than did peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Among the associated alpha chains, the expression levels of @entity6927 ( @entity10503 ) and alpha2 ( @entity12974 ) were slightly higher, whereas those of @entity1293 ( @entity5690 ) and alpha6 ( @entity9617 ) were markedly reduced in LPL and TIL. No significant differences were observed in expressions of any @entity6927 integrin chains between these two lymphocytes populations. Similarly, both alphaL ( @entity1453 ) and @entity12078 ( @entity1454 ) were down-regulated in TIL and LPL with @entity405 + cytotoxic phenotype, but not in those with @entity404 + phenotype. @entity405 + TIL expressed a slightly but significantly higher level of alphaLbeta2 than did @entity405 + LPL. @entity405 + LPL and @entity405 + TIL consistently showed significantly decreased binding to purified @entity2071 , @entity4725 and HT29 @entity694 cells as compared with @entity405 + PBL. Although @entity405 + TIL showed a slightly higher level of adhesion to these substrates than did @entity405 + LPL, the level was much lower than that in PBL. The expression pattern and functional down-regulation of these integrins may be one of the reasons why TIL cannot eradicate the @entity5 cells in @entity14 .

title: Functional down-regulation of @entity10483 and XXXX integrins of lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) and @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in @entity14 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity12078 :: (10383,Gene) :: ['beta2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Especially in @entity75 causing drug-resistant @entity4940 ( @entity4940 ), the localization of the @entity302 zone EZ can be a challenge. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) can raise the chances for localization of the (EZ) in combination with electroencephalography (EEG). We investigated the impact of MEG-guided @entity302 surgery with the aid of neuronavigation and intraoperative MR imaging (iopMRI) on @entity410 outcome of @entity4940 @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 (15 females, 13 males; mean age 31.0  11.1 years) underwent surgery in our department. All @entity1 underwent presurgical MEG monitoring (two-sensor Magnes II or whole head WH3600 MEG system; 4-D Neuroimaging, San Diego, CA, USA). Of those, six @entity1 (group 1) with MRI-negative @entity4940 were operated on before 2002 with intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG) and invasive EEG mapping only. Eleven @entity1 with MRI-negative @entity4940 (group 2) and eleven with lesional @entity4940 (group 3) underwent surgery using 1.5T-iopMRI and neuronavigation, including intraoperative visualization of the MEG localizations in 22 and functional MR imaging (for motor and speech areas) as well as DTI fiber tracking (for language and pyramidal tracts) in 13 @entity1 . RESULTS: In the first group, complete resection of the defined EZ including the MEG localization according to the latest postoperative MRI was achieved in four out of six @entity1 . Groups two and three had complete removal of the MEG localizations in 20/22 (91%, 10 of 11 each). Intraoperative MRI revealed incomplete resection of the MEG localizations of four @entity1 (12%; two in both groups), leading to successful re-resection. Transient and permanent @entity51 alike occurred in 7.1%, surgery-associated complications in 11% of all @entity1 . In the first group, excellent @entity410 outcome (Engel Class IA) was achieved in three (50%), in the second in 7 @entity1 (61%) and third group in 8 @entity1 (64%, two iopMRI-based re-resections). Mean follow-up was 70.3 months (from 12 to 284 months). CONCLUSION: In our series, MEG-guided resection using neuronavigation and iopMR imaging led to promising @entity410 control rates. Even in non-lesional @entity4940 , @entity410 control rates and the probability of complete resection of the MEG localizations was similar to lesional @entity4940 using multimodal navigation.

title: Magnetoencephalography-guided surgery in XXXX using neuronavigation and intraoperative MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hidden lesions']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity4940 :: ('MESH:D017034', 'Disease') :: ['FLE', 'frontal lobe epilepsy']

answer: @entity4940 :: (MESH:D017034,Disease) :: ['frontal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: AIM: Recently, LADG has become a viable alternative for the treatment of @entity1 with early @entity356 . Surgeons who are seeking to undertake, or currently practicing LADG, are concerned about unpredictable intraoperative events that occur during LADG. The aims of this study were to investigate intraoperative and postoperative complications in laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) with more than D1+beta lymphadenectomy for @entity356 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 219 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy for @entity356 by a single surgeon between April 2003 and January 2006, 128 @entity1 were enrolled in this study. The operative procedure was divided into five steps. Various intraoperative complications, such as @entity548 and perigastric organ injuries, that occurred during different operative steps were investigated by reviewing videotapes. RESULTS: A total of 839 events of @entity548 were encountered during the procedure with a mean of 6.6 per @entity1 . The mean number of @entity548 during each step was significantly different and more bleedings occurred during steps II and IV (P<0.0001). Sixteen cases of complications other than @entity548 occurred in 15 @entity1 (11.7%), and they were all managed properly without conversion or reoperation. Postoperative morbidity and mortality rates were 15.6 and 0.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: LADG with more than D1+beta lymphadenectomy is a technically feasible and acceptable surgical modality for @entity356 . @entity954 was found to be the most common complication during LADG for @entity356 , and more bleedings occurred during steps II and IV.

title: Techniques and complications of laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Intraoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate if anti- @entity6540 antibody-exposed fetuses with prolonged atrioventricular (AV) time intervals also have prolongation of the @entity2472 ( @entity2472 ). METHODS: Seventy-eight anti- @entity6540 (including 70 anti- @entity6540 ) antibody-exposed fetuses at risk for @entity6015 ( @entity6015 ) were followed weekly, between 18 and 24 weeks of gestation, with two Doppler echocardiographic methods designed to detect signs of first-degree @entity713 . One of these AV time measurements, using hemodynamic events from the mitral valve and aortic outflow as indirect markers of @entity2224 (MV-Ao), was also used to calculate a time interval representing an early phase of systolic cardiac performance, i.e. the @entity2472 . Two hundred and eighty-four @entity1 with normal pregnancies served as controls for AV time intervals and another 106 were used to establish an @entity2472 reference range. RESULTS: Strong positive relationships were found between @entity2472 and MV-Ao time intervals (r = 0.91, P < 0.001), as well as between @entity2472 and time intervals obtained from the superior vena cava and aorta (r = 0.85, P < 0.001). The @entity2472 was estimated to contribute more than 50% of the total AV time prolongation. Abnormal AV time and @entity2472 intervals were only seen in anti- @entity6540 positive pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity2472 is an important contributor to prolongation of AV time intervals. This observation suggests that anti- @entity6540 / @entity6540 antibody-exposed fetal hearts have not only disturbed electrical conduction but also decreased mechanical performance. Moreover, our findings have implications for the interpretation of AV time intervals used for surveillance of fetuses at risk for developing @entity6015 .

title: Anti- @entity6540 / XXXX antibody-exposed fetuses with prolonged atrioventricular time intervals show signs of decreased cardiac performance.

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['atrial and ventricular depolarization']

entities_list: @entity6015 :: ('MESH:C535758', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart block', 'CHB']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['isovolumetric contraction time', 'ICT']

answer: @entity6540 :: (6737,Gene) :: ['SSA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the contribution of @entity146 to medical 30-day readmission risk. OBJECTIVE: To determine the independent contribution of @entity146 and @entity734 to all-cause and potentially avoidable 30-day readmissions in medical @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: @entity1 discharged from the medicine services at a large teaching hospital from July 1, 2009 to June 30, 2010. MEASUREMENTS: The main outcome of interest was 30-day all-cause and potentially avoidable readmissions; the latter determined by a validated algorithm (SQLape) in both bivariate and multivariate analysis. Readmissions were captured at 3 hospitals where the majority of these @entity1 are readmitted. RESULTS: Of 6987 discharged @entity1 , 1260 were readmitted within 30 days (18.0%); 388 readmissions were potentially avoidable (5.6%). In multivariate analysis, 2 or more prescribed outpatient @entity146 medications (odds ratio [OR]: 1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.20) or any prescription of anxiolytics (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.00-1.35) were associated with increased all-cause readmissions, whereas discharge diagnoses of @entity148 (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68-0.99) or @entity734 (OR: 0.80, 96% CI: 0.65-0.99) were associated with fewer all-cause readmissions. These findings were not replicated as predictors of potentially avoidable readmissions; rather, @entity1 with discharge diagnoses of @entity308 (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.09-2.04) and @entity161 (OR: 2.63, 95% CI: 1.13-6.13) were at highest risk. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that @entity1 treated during a hospitalization for @entity308 and for @entity161 are at higher risk for potentially avoidable 30-day readmissions, whereas those prescribed more @entity146 medications as outpatients are at increased risk for all-cause readmissions. These populations may represent fruitful targets for interventions to reduce readmission risk.

title: Contribution of XXXX and @entity734 to 30-day readmission risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric illness']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric illness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most non-invasive @entity5 of the bladder are diagnosed as @entity1377 in accordance with the WHO classification and because the identification of @entity1185 is difficult by routine histology; some @entity1 are therefore misdiagnosed. This practice is associated with psychological morbidity for the @entity1 and may also skew @entity5 statistics. @entity2225 ( @entity2225 ) is a sensitive marker of urothelial differentiation. We investigated whether this marker could be used in the identification of @entity1185 and used the rate of recurrence as an indicator to assess the biological behaviour of such @entity5 . METHODS: In a prospective study, immunocytochemistry for @entity2225 was done on @entity5 of all @entity1 who presented for the first time with non-invasive @entity150 . We classified the expression pattern of @entity2225 as normal or abnormal at the time of initial diagnosis. We recorded time to first biopsy-proven recurrence or length of follow-up when no recurrence was observed. FINDINGS: Of 58 consecutive @entity1 , ten had @entity5 with a normal pattern of @entity2225 expression. No @entity1 developed further @entity5 during the follow-up (median 18 [range 13-28] months). By contrast, 30 (73%) of the 41 evaluable @entity1 with @entity5 that showed abnormal @entity2225 expression developed further @entity5 ; the median time to a second @entity5 was 6 (2-24) months. The only factor that had a significant effect on the outcome of @entity1 in terms of recurrence was expression of @entity2225 (p<0.0001). INTERPRETATION: Normal urothelial differentiation, as evidenced by a normal pattern of @entity2225 expression, is retained in a proportion of non-invasive @entity5 and thus justifies use of the term @entity1185 . A large-scale study is needed to investigate the outcome of @entity1 with such @entity5 .

title: Expression of @entity2225 redefines XXXX of the bladder.

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial tumours', 'papillary urothelial tumours', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial papillomas', 'papillomas', 'urothelial papilloma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['papillary bladder tumours']

answer: @entity1185 :: (MESH:D010212,Disease) :: ['urothelial papillomas']


abstract: Lymphomatosis cerebri (LC) is a rare form of @entity149 characterized by subacute progressive @entity303 and unsteady gait. MRI study of LC typically reveals diffuse @entity62 without contrast enhancement. The clinical presentation and MRI features of LC can resemble infectious, inflammatory, toxic or vascular @entity62 . Hence diagnosis of LC is easily mistaken for other, more common diseases. In this report, we present a case of a 55-year-old @entity1 presenting with subacute progressive @entity303 and @entity2055 . Brain MRI showed diffuse hyperintense lesions in the cerebral white matter of both hemispheres, left amygdala, brainstem and cerebellar peduncles on FLAIR image. No contrast-enhanced lesion was observed. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed elevated levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor and @entity6393 . Based on MRI findings and 123I-IMP SPECT, stereotactic biopsy targeting white matter of the left medial temporal lobe was performed (day 0). On the day after the brain biopsy, @entity228 therapy was initiated and improved the @entity1 's cognitive function and gait disturbance. Pathological diagnosis of large @entity1892 was obtained on day 9. High-dose intravenous @entity1499 chemotherapy was started on day 14 and led to complete remission by day 52. This case highlighted the importance of brain biopsy for diagnosis of LC. This report raises a possibility that timely and proper treatment leads to a favorable outcome of LC that has been regarded as an intractable disease with poor prognosis.

title: [Remission of lymphomatosis cerebri induced by XXXX and high-doses intravenous @entity1499 ].

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['primary central nervous system lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['leukoencephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['ataxic gait']

answer: @entity228 :: (CHEBI:50858,Chemical) :: ['corticosteroid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Increased responding to drug-associated stimuli (cue reactivity) and an inability to tolerate delayed gratification (reward impulsivity) have been implicated in the development and maintenance of @entity734 . Whereas data from animal studies suggest that both the @entity935 and opioid system are involved in these two reward-related processes, their role in @entity1 is less clear. Moreover, dopaminergic and opioidergic drugs have not been directly compared with regard to these functions, even though a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms might inform the development of specific treatments for elevated cue reactivity and reward impulsivity. In a randomized, double-blind, between-subject design we administered the selective @entity935 D2/D3 receptor antagonist @entity14867 (400   mg, n=41), the unspecific opioid receptor antagonist @entity836 (50   mg, n=40) or placebo (n=40) to healthy @entity1 and measured cue-induced responding with a @entity5044 with a delay discounting task. Mood was assessed using a visual analogue scale. Compared with placebo, @entity14867 significantly suppressed cue-induced responding and reward impulsivity. The effects of @entity836 were similar, although less pronounced. Both @entity14867 and @entity836 decreased average mood ratings compared with placebo. Our results demonstrate that a selective blockade of @entity935 D2/D3 receptors reduces cue-induced responding and reward impulsivity in healthy @entity1 . Antagonizing  -opioid receptors has similar effects for cue-induced responding and to a lesser extent for reward impulsivity.

title: @entity935 D2/3- and  -opioid receptor antagonists reduce cue-induced responding and reward impulsivity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity5044 :: ('OMIM:143470', 'Disease') :: ['Pavlovian-instrumental transfer task and reward impulsivity']

entities_list: @entity14867 :: ('MESH:C012052', 'Chemical') :: ['amisulpride']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug addiction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: @entity712 has caused sudden incapacitation of pilots in command of commerical airliners. These fatal episodes have occurred in connection with takeoffs and landings, and have resulted in incidents as well as major accidents in which more than 300 @entity1 have been killed. @entity301 may be verified later at autopsy. @entity1164 or serious episodes, such as @entity1165 , usually cannot be detected at autopsy. A number of accidents due to unknown reasons or to "pilot error" can be due to, and some probably are, cardiac breakdown. It is today possible, with the Vesla Seat Pad, to monitor the pilot's ECG. The Vesla Seat Pad is a device for biomedical monitoring of ECG signals from @entity1 subjects without attachment to the subjects of any leads or sensor devices. The Vesla pad on which a @entity1 subject may rest, requires no power source. It is capable of obtaining appropriate ECG signals, transmitted to the pad through the medium of the subject's perspiration, for monitoring the subject's heart action. ECG signals, together with other data, can be electronically processed and used to warn the co-pilot and tower of impending hazard. The "dead @entity1 's button" with an OVERLOAD warning system could greatly, when taken into use, improve flying safety.

title: ECG monitoring of XXXX and pilot load/overload by the Vesla seat pad.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'man', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary attack']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: Blood obtained from three hundred and twenty-seven @entity1 within a few minutes of vaginal delivery was cultured for @entity790 ( @entity5940 and T @entity9463 ). Twenty-six (8%) of the @entity1 had @entity790 isolated from their blood. Ten @entity1 had blood-cultures which contained @entity5940 . Fifteen @entity1 had blood-cultures which contained T @entity9463 . Both @entity5940 and T @entity9463 were isolated from the blood of one @entity1 . Only one of two hundred and seventy-three blood-cultures obtained 1 or more days after delivery contained @entity9463 . The isolation of @entity5940 , but not of T @entity9463 , from the blood was associated with vaginal colonisation and a serological response to the homologous isolate. Two of ten @entity1 whose blood contained @entity5940 gave birth to stillborn @entity1 . In contrast, there were only four (1.3%) stillbirths among the @entity1 born to the three hundred and one @entity1 whose blood did not contain @entity9463 . This difference is statistically significant.

title: XXXX from blood obtained shortly after vaginal delivery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity9463 :: ('MESH:D009175', 'Disease') :: ['mycoplasmas']

entities_list: @entity5940 :: ('2098', 'Species') :: ['M. hominis', 'Mycoplasma hominis']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['genital mycoplasmas']

answer: @entity790 :: (MESH:D014564,Disease) :: ['Isolation of genital mycoplasmas']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate longitudinal changes in global and regional brain volume in @entity1 1 year after mild @entity131 (MTBI) and to correlate such changes with clinical and neurocognitive metrics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This institutional review board-approved study was HIPAA compliant. Twenty-eight @entity1 with MTBI (with 19 followed up at 1 year) with posttraumatic symptoms after injury and 22 matched control subjects (with 12 followed up at 1 year) were enrolled. @entity75 regions to compute regional gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes was performed by using three-dimensional T1-weighted 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging, and results were correlated with clinical metrics. Pearson and Spearman rank correlation coefficients were computed between longitudinal brain volume and neurocognitive scores, as well as clinical metrics, over the course of the follow-up period. RESULTS: One year after MTBI, there was measurable global @entity1010 , larger than that in control subjects. The anterior cingulate WM bilaterally and the left cingulate gyrus isthmus WM, as well as the right precuneal GM, showed significant decreases in regional volume in @entity1 with MTBI over the 1st year after injury (corrected P < .05); this was confirmed by means of cross-sectional comparison with data in control subjects (corrected P < .05). Left and right rostral anterior cingulum WM volume loss correlated with changes in neurocognitive measures of memory (r = 0.65, P = .005) and attention (r = 0.60, P = .01). At 1-year follow-up, WM volume in the left cingulate gyrus isthmus correlated with clinical scores of @entity148 (Spearman rank correlation r = -0.68, P = .007) and postconcussive symptoms (Spearman rank correlation r = -0.65, P = .01). CONCLUSION: These observations demonstrate structural changes to the @entity28984 year after injury after a single concussive episode. Regional @entity1010 is not exclusive to moderate and severe @entity131 but may be seen after mild injury. In particular, the anterior part of the cingulum and the cingulate gyrus isthmus, as well as the precuneal GM, may be distinctively vulnerable 1 year after MTBI.

title: Mild XXXX : longitudinal regional brain volume changes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Automated segmentation of brain']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our objective was to test a brief, symptom index for @entity1358 , a disease affecting over 38,000 Americans each year and often diagnosed in late stages. METHODS: We conducted secondary data analyses on @entity1 -reported outcomes of 209 metastatic @entity1358 @entity1 participating in a Phase III clinical trial. @entity1 -reported outcomes, obtained from the FACT-Biological Response Modifier ( @entity23424 ) scale, were available at baseline, 2, and 8 weeks. We analyzed data from eight @entity23424 items previously identified by clinical experts to represent the most important symptoms of @entity1358 . Items comprising this index assess @entity390 , @entity158 , appetite, perceived sickness, @entity1295 and @entity425 , with higher scores indicating fewer symptoms. We determined reliability and validity of the index and estimated a minimally important difference. RESULTS: The index had excellent internal reliability at all three time points (alphas > or = 0.83). Baseline scores were able to discriminate @entity1 across Karnofsky performance status, number of metastatic sites, and risk group categories (ps < .01). Mean index scores declined over time likely indicative of the toxic nature of the administered treatments. Distribution- and anchor-based methods converged on a minimally important difference estimate of 2 to 3 points. CONCLUSION: The 8-item index of @entity1 -reported symptoms of @entity1358 appears to be a psychometrically sound measure. It is a brief, reliable, and valid measure that can easily be adapted for use in clinical trials and observational studies.

title: A brief symptom index for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'advanced renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['advanced renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: A variety of @entity2531 involve the head, neck, jaws, and face. Many contradicting symptoms may exist when a @entity1 presents with multiple problems. In order to diagnose and treat @entity7291 , a thorough understanding of both odontogenic and nonodontogenic etiologies of @entity158 is paramount. Harvey McGehee, a noteworthy medical diagnostician, wrote: "In making the diagnosis of the cause of illness in an individual case, calculations of probability have no meaning. The pertinent question is whether the disease is present or not. Whether it is rare or common does not change the odds in a single @entity1 . If the diagnosis can be made on the basis of specific criteria, then these criteria are either fulfilled or not fulfilled." Good diagnosticians in all fields of medicine are on the endangered species list. To become a successful diagnostician, one needs to have interest, intuition, curiosity, patience, and a quest for knowledge. Each day presents a new opportunity and you can either be the @entity1237 , or the @entity1237 (greatest of all time). The choice is yours.

title: Differential diagnosis of XXXX . Part 2, nonodontogenic etiologies.

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['pain disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['toothache pain']

entities_list: @entity7291 :: ('MESH:D009057', 'Disease') :: ['dental disease']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['toothache pain']


abstract: AIMS: The aims of this study were to investigate whether the interaction effect between restraint and functional ability, and single ability during activities of daily living can predict @entity2146 among residents with @entity303 . BACKGROUND: Agitated behaviour is one of the most common symptoms of @entity303 and might endanger the @entity1 themselves, caregivers and institutions. However, the prevalence of problem behaviours and its associated factors at long-term care facilities in Taiwan are less understood. DESIGN: A direct observation was used to observe the agitated behaviours of residents with @entity303 in special care units. METHODS: Residents of @entity303 special care units who were diagnosed with @entity303 in eight long-term care facilities were recruited. Measurements included: demographic data, the Barthel Index, the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory. RESULTS: The number of subjects who were identified with problem behaviours was 163 (43.5%). Significant differences in sex, being restrained, restrained time, age, family visits, functional status and mental status were found between the agitated and non-agitated groups. However, mental status, family visits, walking ability, being restrained and getting in and off toilet were five independent factors associated with agitated behaviours after controlling for all other factors. CONCLUSIONS: It is recommended that strategies be constructed to encourage the family to periodically visit older residents and to develop restraint-free environments in long-term care facilities. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Residents with @entity303 require significant daily living support and behaviour management as their illness progress.

title: Single ability among activities of daily living as a predictor of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

answer: @entity2146 :: (MESH:D011595,Disease) :: ['agitation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of active TrPs in @entity1 with @entity2704 reproducing their @entity10 attacks. No study has investigated if these TrPs can alter muscle function in the cervical spine in @entity2704 . Our objective was to analyze differences in activation of superficial neck flexor and extensor muscles in @entity1 with @entity2704 considering the presence of active trigger points (TrP) in @entity3100 ( @entity3100 ), upper trapezius (UT), and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles. METHODS: Surface EMG was recorded from superficial flexor (SCM and anterior scalene) and extensor ( @entity3100 ) muscles bilaterally as subjects performed a staged task of @entity3799 ( @entity5149 ; 5 contractions representing a progressive @entity5149 ) in 70 @entity1 with @entity2704 . They were stratified according to presence or absence of active TrPs in SCM, @entity3100 or UT musculature. Comparison of normalized root mean square (RMS) values was conducted with 2*5 ANCOVA with task level as the within-subject variable, group stratified by active TrPs as the between-subjects variable and the presence of @entity4048 as a co-variable. RESULTS: All @entity1 exhibited active TrPs in their cervical muscles which reproduced their @entity2704 . @entity1 with @entity2704 exhibiting active TrPs in the SCM (P<0.01), UT (P<0.05) or @entity3100 (P<0.05) muscles had lower normalized RMS values of their superficial neck flexors than those without active TrPs in the same muscles. In addition, subjects exhibiting active TrPs in the @entity3100 and UT (both, P<0.05) muscles had higher normalized RMS values in the @entity3100 muscle than those without active TrPs in the same muscles. CONCLUSION: The presence of active TrPs in the cervical musculature determines altered activation of superficial neck and extensor muscles during low-load, isometric @entity5149 contractions in @entity1 with @entity2704 .

title: Active Trigger Points in the Cervical Musculature Determine Altered Activation of Superficial Neck and Extensor Muscles in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity5149 :: ('MESH:D003025', 'Disease') :: ['increase in CCF range of motion', 'CCF']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cranio-cervical flexion']

entities_list: @entity3100 :: ('MESH:D014006', 'Disease') :: ['SC', 'splenius capitis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['Migraine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The extent of lymph nodes (LNs) @entity3 is a major determinant for the staging and the most reliable adverse prognostic factor. Primary @entity5 can induce lymphatics and vasculature reorganisations within sentinel LN before the arrival of @entity5 cells and these key blood vessels are identified as high endothelial venules ( @entity4973 ). The alterations of @entity4973 in the presence of @entity5 , coupled with the increased proliferation rate of the endothelial cells, results in a functional shift of @entity4973 from immune response mediator to blood flow carrier. We aim to evaluate @entity5 -induced vascularisation in regional LN of @entity5 @entity1 by studying the morphological and functional alterations of @entity4973 and its correlation to clinico-pathological features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This multi-centre study with a prospective database identified 65 consecutive @entity1 with @entity957 (SCC) who underwent primary surgical treatment from 2001 to 2005. Immunohistochemical staining for @entity4973 and image analysis were performed and analysed with correlation to the @entity1 ' clinico-pathological features. RESULTS: The total number of @entity4973 is significantly associated to disease-free interval when controlling for the group (P = 0.022) as well as combining both groups as one cohort (P = 0.023). There is also a similar association comparing the @entity4973 parameters to overall survival. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that @entity4973 possibly plays a key role in the pathogenesis of lymphatic and subsequent distant metastases and may provide the missing link in @entity5 @entity3 . Confirmation of this hypothesis would offer a novel therapeutic approach to preventing @entity3 by blocking the remodeling processes of @entity4973 in LN.

title: 2011 Young Surgeon's Award Winner: high endothelial venules: a novel prognostic marker in XXXX @entity3 and the missing link?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['tongue squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rasburicase, used for @entity5052 of @entity5405 , retains activity at @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) in in vitro studies. Cold-temperature handling is recommended for @entity414 measurements in @entity1 receiving rasburicase: collection in prechilled tubes, transportation on ice, and 4  C centrifugation. We performed a prospective study of these requirements. METHODS: A total of 65 pairs of blood samples were collected from 34 @entity1 , 12-24 h after receiving rasburicase. The effect of temperature on @entity414 concentration was tested on paired samples handled either at @entity1054 or when cold: centrifugation (18 sample pairs), collection tube (14 pairs), transportation (24 pairs), and nine pairs were retested after 1 h at @entity1054 . RESULTS: No significant temperature effect was seen on the @entity414 measurements for any of the cold-handling steps: proportional, absolute biases were -1.4%, -0.06 mg/dL (centrifugation), -1.5%, +0.02 mg/dL (tube temperature), and -2.2%, -0.01 mg/dL (transportation). A 20% negative bias was seen in samples retested after 1 h at @entity1054 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity12168 (prechilled tubes, iced transportation, 4  C centrifugation) was equivalent to @entity1054 for immediate measurement. An additional 1 h delay at @entity1054 led to a 20% decrease in @entity414 . The cold handling measures required by the manufacturer are not necessary for @entity414 testing of @entity1 receiving rasburicase treatment, if testing is performed without delay.

title: Refrigeration is not necessary for measurement of @entity414 in XXXX treated with rasburicase.

entities_list: @entity5405 :: ('MESH:D015275', 'Disease') :: ['tumor lysis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity12168 :: ('MESH:C562385', 'Disease') :: ['Cold handling']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'room temperature']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Using an indirect lymphokine-assay, the leucocyte-migration-inhibition-test (LMI-test), the cellular sensitization of fertile and @entity249 @entity1 before and after homologous and heterologous intrauterine insemination (IUI) was investigated. In this assay several preparations of @entity12179 ("washed"-, "swim-up"- and "pellet"- @entity12179 ) in different concentrations (1, 5 and 10 x 10(6) sperms/ml culture medium) and seminal plasma were tested as antigen. In all investigated groups a cellular immune response against spermatic antigen was demonstrable and seemed to be dose dependent. In contrast to fertile @entity1 who reacted with an enhancement of the macrophage migration for low concentrations the same concentration of antigen induced an inhibition of macrophage migration in fertile @entity1 . For high concentrations of spermatic antigens there was a difference in the intensity of cell-mediated immune response between fertile and @entity249 @entity1 . Since @entity249 @entity1 demonstrated an increased level of cell-mediated immune response it is possible that @entity249 may be caused by this altered immunological reaction. This response changes after multiple IUI-treatment and that change might be caused by the high concentration of spermatic antigens as there was a difference in the intensity of cell-mediated immune response between fertile and @entity249 @entity1 . Since @entity249 @entity1 demonstrated an increased level of cell-mediated immune response it is possible that @entity249 may be caused by this altered immunological reaction. This response changes after multiple IUI-treatment and that change might be caused by the high concentration of @entity12179 . The immunological response of @entity249 @entity1 seems to be similar in those receiving husband and donor IUI.

title: Cellular sensitization against spermatic and seminal plasma antigens in XXXX after intrauterine insemination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'infertile']

entities_list: @entity12179 :: ('OMIM:102530', 'Disease') :: ['spermatozoa']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']