abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity661 , described as transient regional contractile abnormalities limited to the apical and mid-segments of the left ventricle (LV), has also been reported to involve basal and/or mid LV segments (inverted Takotsubo); fewer reports, however, have @entity67 . AIM: To assess the distribution of regional abnormalities and RV involvement in @entity661 and compare it to the literature. METHODS AND RESULTS: We evaluated 23 @entity1 with both classical and inverted presentations (19 female, aged 64    19 years), including 2 recurrences, totaling 25 episodes. Classical Takotsubo was observed in 15 @entity1 , while 10 had the inverted form. LV ejection fraction (EF) was lower for classical compared to inverted presentation (30    7 vs. 45    4%, P < 0.001) with higher troponin values (1.3    1.4 vs. 0.5    0.6, P = 0.034). @entity4266 were found in 7 @entity1 (28%), mainly with classical presentation (6 @entity1 ), presenting with mid and apical @entity67 . One @entity1 with inverted Takotsubo had mid-RV involvement. @entity1 with RV involvement had lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (28    10% vs. 40    10%, P = 0.02), but not when adjusted for presentation type. Overall rate of complications was higher for classical compared to inverted presentation, and not influenced by RV involvement. CONCLUSION: RV contractile abnormalities may follow the same LV regional distribution in @entity661 ; the type of presentation rather than the presence of @entity67 seems to be responsible for an increased risk of complications and @entity73 .

title: Right XXXX in @entity661 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['severity of functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['Takotsubo cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['addressed right ventricular (RV) dysfunction', 'RV impairment', 'RV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4266 :: ('MESH:D018497', 'Disease') :: ['RV abnormalities']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['ventricular abnormalities']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the otologic and audiologic characteristics of pediatric @entity1 with @entity11498 . DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: Multidisciplinary clinic in a tertiary care @entity1 's hospital. SUBJECTS: @entity1 less than 18 years of age with @entity11498 . METHODS: @entity11498 is a @entity8222 associated with @entity4218 and @entity2122 . Ten @entity1 with @entity11498 were reviewed. Relevant literature, 1966 to the present, was reviewed with the assistance of Medline. RESULTS: External and @entity2172 are common in @entity11498 . All non-atretic ears had significant difficulty with @entity2346 media, requiring an average of two sets of tympanostomy tubes. @entity3540 was diagnosed in one @entity1 . Pure conductive @entity393 was identified in eight @entity1 with mixed @entity393 noted in two @entity1 . Conductive @entity393 greater than 30 dB HL was noted in 90% (9/10) of @entity1 , with 40% (4/10) having 55-70 dB HL loss. Although amplification was effective, results of surgical interventions to correct conductive @entity393 were inconsistent. Two @entity1 with mixed @entity393 developed the sensorineural component in later childhood, indicating that progressive or fluctuating @entity1274 is also possible in this population. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric @entity1 with @entity11498 exhibit conductive @entity393 due to middle and external ear pathology. @entity2172 and amplification with hearing aids are often required. Some @entity1 also demonstrate mixed @entity393 that may be progressive and should be monitored carefully. Early and aggressive management in a multidisciplinary team approach is recommended.

title: Otologic and audiologic features of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['multiple craniofacial anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['Prolonged ventilation of the middle ear via tympanostomy tubes', 'middle ear abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity11498 :: ('MESH:C538184', 'Disease') :: ['Nager syndrome', 'Nager acrofacial dysostosis']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['preaxial limb abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['Cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity8222 :: ('MESH:D008342', 'Disease') :: ['mandibulofacial dysostosis']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity11498 :: (MESH:C538184,Disease) :: ['Nager acrofacial dysostosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The @entity86 ( @entity76 ) is an unique @entity260 characterized by transient decrease in speech output (often mutism), apathy, @entity146 as well as @entity76 . As much as 25% of @entity1 undergoing a resection of a cerebellar or IV @entity2504 may develop such a syndrome. In this retrospective study we characterize the clinical features of the @entity76 and explore potential etiologic mechanisms. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records and imaging tests of 8 consecutive @entity1 with the @entity76 identified through the database of the @entity1 's Hospital and Dana-Farber @entity5 Institute, Boston, and compared with a control group of 8 unaffected @entity1 undergoing a comparable @entity5 resection. RESULTS: In contrast to the control group, @entity1 in the affected group had marked decrease in speech output and comprehension, apathy and lack of initiative, inattention, persistent eye closure, flaccid @entity1269 and a severe @entity76 . Swallowing difficulties and bowel and @entity1494 were also observed. The median duration of the syndrome as judged by the persistence of the communication abnormalities was 4 weeks. The recovery was near complete with exception for a persistent @entity76 . A comparison of CT and MRI scans of @entity1 in both groups failed to identify distinguishing features. CONCLUSION: A surgical lesion of the midline cerebellum can cause a complex @entity51 such as the @entity76 . Thus, we postulate that the cerebellum and its connections function as a 'modulatory system' in control of both motor and non-motor functions, including attention and language.

title: @entity51 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity2504 :: ('MESH:D002551', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tumor']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['acute postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['CMS', 'global cerebellar dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative cerebellar mutism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article was to explore the differences in practice injury rates for select National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sports within and across sport by preseason, in-season, and postseason. This article will explore the relationship of practice injury rates by fall, winter, and spring sports as well as by Divisions I, II, and III. DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study. SETTING: NCAA schools. @entity1 : NCAA @entity2587 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Injury. RESULTS: In all sports across all seasons, preseason practice injury rates [6.3 per 1000 athletic exposure (A-E)] were higher than in-season (2.3 per 1000 A-E). Fall sports had an overall preseason practice injury rate of 7.4 (per 1000 A-E) compared with 7.0 (per 1000 A-E) for winter and 3.5 (per 1000 A-E) for spring sports. @entity1 's soccer had the highest preseason injury rate of 9.5 (per 1000 A-E). @entity1 's football had the highest increased risk of @entity130 (3.47 per 1000 A-E). CONCLUSIONS: The recognition that preseason practice injury rates are higher compared with in-season and postseason practice injury rates can create an opportunity for @entity2587 , coaches, and medical personnel to identify prevention strategies to reduce preseason injury risk.

title: XXXX rates in collegiate sports.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Women', 'PATIENTS', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury comparing preseason with in-season practice injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Practice injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity320 rarely invades the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) and can evade accurate diagnosis, which may alter management decisions. Diagnosis may be facilitated via careful history, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. @entity1 : Thirteen internal auditory canal/CPA lesions in eight @entity1 who presented with CPA syndrome and who had a pathological diagnosis consistent with @entity320 . There were four bilateral and four unilateral lesions. Six of eight @entity1 had a history of @entity320 . One was apparently primary CPA lesion, whereas all others were metastatic. INTERVENTION(S): T1- and T2-weighted precontrast and postcontrast @entity2287 -enhanced MRI were obtained, including fat suppression and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence images in two @entity1 ; lumbar puncture with CSF centrifugation and cytological analysis confirmed the diagnosis in two @entity1 . Translabyrinthine craniotomy was performed for @entity5 extirpation in five @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Symptoms at presentation, MRI findings, presence of malignant cells in CSF, @entity5 progression, intraoperative findings, response to treatment, time interval from initial diagnosis of @entity320 elsewhere, and survival. RESULTS: Seven of eight @entity1 had history and/or MRI findings suggestive of @entity2167 , and diagnosis was confirmed via CSF analysis in two @entity1 . In one @entity1 , diagnosis was made at surgery. CONCLUSION: Internal auditory canal @entity320 portends a grim prognosis, can occur up to 17 years after @entity320 diagnosis/treatment, and can be detected with appropriate MRI sequences, especially enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. In disseminated cases, diagnosis can be confirmed with lumbar puncture demonstrating malignant cells. Management includes @entity5 resection when @entity320 seems to be solitary and malignant cells are not present in CSF. Intrathecal chemotherapy and radiation are recommended for dissemination, although the survival rate is still poor.

title: CPA XXXX : diagnosis and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy in the internal auditory canal and/or CPA']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'initial melanoma', 'Melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: Traumatology and orthopaedics have undergone substantial progress in the use of new, sophisticated techniques, implants and navigation methods. Nevertheless, these new methods continue to fail in some instances. Regenerative medicine using the growth potential of stem cells that posses the ability to regenerate damaged tissues represent one of the possible ways forward. There is a potential for more comprehensive utilization of bone marrow stem cells that had for many years been used in transplant medicine. Traumatology and orthopaedics could utilise stem cells in the treatment of @entity79 , i.e. in the treatment of @entity1516 , delayed @entity174 healing, defect fractures and @entity79 . Bone formation and growth is a complex, predominantly anabolic, process with a range of feedbacks. Nevertheless, it is the bone marrow where the necessary progenitors of bone growth are located. These are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) as well as thrombocytes containing a range of necessary growth factors. A number of studies showed positive results for stem cells treatment of @entity1516 , with only a fraction, however, being statistically significant in @entity1 medicine. This method was used in 11 @entity1 of the Traumatology Centre of the Faculty Hospital in Ostrava, Czech Republic in 2008. The researched @entity1 were treated for @entity1516 of long bones, delayed multifragmentary @entity174 haling and defect fractures of long bones. Autologous concentrate of bone marrow stem cells was applied in one session into the area of bone defect in a @entity1 lightly anaesthetised with @entity1875 . The results from this small sample of @entity1 are not yet available. However, we are sharing our first experiences with this treatment option.

title: [Our first experiences with autologous transplantation of bone marrow stem cells to treat @entity1516 , delayed @entity174 healing and long XXXX @entity174 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defects', 'aseptic bone necroses']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone defects']


abstract: An alternative to surgical resection of @entity96 , radio-frequency ablation induces in situ thermal coagulation @entity39 through the delivery of high-frequency alternating current to the tissues. Imaging helps to detect treatable lesions, guide the placement of the probe, and assess the effect of therapy. Computed tomography (CT) is used most frequently to determine whether the ablation is complete and to screen for early recurrences that may benefit from reablation. Complete ablation creates an area of @entity39 that, at CT, is of low attenuation compared with the surrounding liver tissue, is often homogeneous, and has smooth margins. The most important features are the size of the @entity39 , which, immediately after treatment, should be larger than that of the @entity5 , and the sharpness of the margins, which indicates an abrupt change in attenuation between the necrotic tissue and surrounding liver tissue. Enhancement, when present, is due to perfusion abnormality or granulation tissue and forms a regular rim or a homogeneous zone at the margin of the defect. It is seen immediately after ablation but may be prolonged. Enhancement is affected by the scanning technique. Over time, the size of the defect remains stable or decreases. Any variation from this general pattern is suggestive of incomplete ablation or recurrence.

title: Radio-frequency ablation of XXXX : assessment of therapeutic response and complications.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pretreatment tumor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'necrotic defect']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver tumors']


abstract: Transcriptional corepressors of the Groucho/transducin-like Enhancer of split ( @entity5339 /TLE) family regulate a number of developmental pathways in both invertebrates and vertebrates. They form transcription repression complexes with members of several DNA-binding protein families and participate in the regulation of the expression of numerous genes. Despite their pleiotropic roles, little is known about the mechanisms that regulate the functions of @entity5339 /TLE proteins. It is shown here that @entity5339 /TLEs become hyperphosphorylated in response to neural cell differentiation and interaction with the DNA-binding cofactor Hairy/Enhancer of split 1 ( @entity1135 ). Hyperphosphorylation of @entity5339 /TLEs is correlated with a tight association with the nuclear compartment through interaction with chromatin, suggesting that hyperphosphorylated @entity5339 /TLEs may mediate transcriptional repression via chromatin remodeling mechanisms. Pharmacological inhibition of protein kinase CK2 reduces the @entity1135 -induced hyperphosphorylation of @entity5339 /TLEs and causes a decrease in the chromatin association of the latter. Moreover, the transcription repression activity of @entity5339 /TLEs is reduced by protein kinase CK2 inhibition. Consistent with these observations, @entity5339 /TLEs are phosphorylated in vitro by purified protein kinase CK2. Taken together, these results implicate protein kinase CK2 in @entity5339 /TLE functions. They suggest further that this kinase is involved in a hyperphosphorylation mechanism activated by @entity1135 that promotes the transcription repression functions of @entity1135 - @entity5339 /TLE protein complexes.

title: Role for XXXX -induced phosphorylation in Groucho-mediated transcriptional repression.

answer: @entity1135 :: (3280,Gene) :: ['Hes1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Data on long-term outcome of pericardiectomy are limited. This retrospective study aimed to investigate risk factors and early and late outcomes of pericardiectomy for constrictive @entity17398 . DESIGN: Seventy @entity1 with chronic @entity3822 who underwent pericardiectomy between January 1990 and August 2005 were reviewed for perioperative and long-term survival. RESULTS: @entity1 (49 males; median age 40 years) had a median duration of symptoms of 24 months (range 8-72) before surgery. Perioperative mortality was 8.6%. During follow-up (mean 66.4 +/- 56.4), late mortality rates at 5 and 10 years were 1.6% and 9.7%, respectively. The mean censored survival in all @entity1 was 155.2 months (SEM 8.3, 95%CI 138.8-171.6). Readmission-free survival was 68.6% over 10 years (mean 125.4 months, SEM 10.3, 95%CI 105.2-145.6). Ascites and duration of symptoms were found to be predictors of perioperative mortality (P = 0.047 and 0.036, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The optimal time of pericardiectomy is most important in its management. Total or near-total pericardiectomy should always be performed as early as possible.

title: Chronic constrictive XXXX : risk factors and outcome of pericardiectomy.

entities_list: @entity17398 :: ('MESH:D010495', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity3822 :: ('MESH:D010494', 'Disease') :: ['constrictive pericarditis']

answer: @entity17398 :: (MESH:D010495,Disease) :: ['tuberculous pericarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postoperatively acquired @entity1200 is associated with a higher mortality rate in case of septic complications. As details of this severe clinical problem are still unknown, animal models are essential to characterise the mechanisms involved. METHODS: @entity19 were laparotomised and the small intestine was pressed smoothly in antegrade direction. For extension of @entity130 , the intestine was manipulated three times consecutively. Following this, the ex vivo cytokine release of splenocytes was determined. The degree of surgical @entity130 was analysed by detection of @entity8919 and @entity777 in serum and by neutrophil staining in the muscularis mucosae. RESULTS: We adapted the previously described animal model of intestinal manipulation to provide a model of surgically induced @entity1200 . Following intestinal manipulation, the @entity19 showed elevated serum levels of @entity8919 and @entity777 and increased infiltration of granulocytes into the muscularis mucosae. Ex vivo cytokine release by splenocytes was suppressed in the postoperative period. The degree of suppression correlated with the extent of surgical @entity130 . CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we describe a surgically induced @entity1200 animal model, in which a significant surgical @entity130 is followed by an @entity1200 . This model may be ideal for the characterisation of the postoperative @entity1200 .

title: Postoperative immune suppression in visceral surgery: characterisation of an intestinal XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune dysfunction', 'immune dysfunction syndrome']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Phytoestrogens are natural endocrine disruptors that interfere with estrogenic pathways. They insert directly within the hormone-binding domain of @entity7971 and b, with a preference for the b isoform of which the concentration predominates in the normal mammary epithelium. Since @entity1783 antagonizes the growth promoting effect of @entity7971 , which is mainly expressed in @entity172 -sensitive @entity5 cells, a potential protective action against @entity0 incidence has been ascribed to phytoestrogens. The fact that Asian @entity1 living in far-east countries who consume @entity3093 -rich food are less subjected to @entity0 emergence than their congeners in the USA as well as Caucasian @entity1 has been advocated to justify such a concept. Overview of data concerning the mechanism of action phytoestrogens reveals that such a view is an oversimplification: Such compounds interfere with a huge panel of regulatory proteins, giving rise to both promoting and antagonizing carcinogenic effects. Moreover, various physiological and pathological factors able to amplify these effects are not often sufficiently taken into account, which increases the difficulty to interpret data. Nevertheless, this overview of data established that chemical structures and concentrations modulate such effects: at the micromolar level, @entity6400 activate @entity7971 -mediated transcription and @entity0 cell proliferation while @entity4212 fail to induce any significant promoting effects. At higher doses, both classes of compounds may display an antitumor activity. Reasons for such distinct behaviors as well as their potential impact in therapeutic applications are analyzed here. Ability of @entity6400 and @entity4212 to antagonize the association of calmodulin to @entity7971 , which is required for its enhanced transcriptional activity is evoked to justify the antitumor activity ascribed to some @entity4212 . Finally, a suspicion that peculiar classes of phytoestrogens may adopt a SERM-like conformation is addressed in a context of selection and synthesis of compounds with non-equivocal therapeutic value. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Phytoestrogens".

title: Interactions of @entity6400 and other plant derived XXXX with @entity172 receptors for prevention and treatment of @entity0 -considerations concerning related efficacy and safety.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3093 :: ('CHEBI:18220', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavone']

entities_list: @entity4212 :: ('MESH:D047309', 'Chemical') :: ['flavones']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavones']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogens']


abstract: 1. Dual whole-cell voltage recordings were made from synaptically connected layer 5 (L5) pyramidal neurones in slices of the young (P14-P16) @entity35 neocortex. The @entity141 buffers @entity18650 or @entity4527 were loaded into the presynaptic neurone via the pipette recording from the presynaptic neurone to examine their effect on the mean and the coefficient of variation (c.v.) of single fibre EPSP amplitudes, referred to as unitary EPSPs. 2. The fast @entity141 buffer @entity18650 reduced unitary EPSP amplitudes in a concentration dependent way. With 0.1 mM @entity18650 in the pipette, the mean EPSP amplitude was reduced by 14 +/- 2.8% (mean +/- s.e.m., n = 7) compared with control pipette solution, whereas with 1.5 mM @entity18650 , the mean EPSP amplitude was reduced by 72 +/- 1.5% (n = 5). The concentration of @entity18650 that reduced mean EPSP amplitudes to one-half of control was close to 0.7 mM. 3. Saturation of @entity18650 during evoked release was tested by comparing the effect of loading the presynaptic neurone with 0.1 mM @entity18650 at 2 and 1 mM [ @entity141 ]o. Reducing [ @entity141 ]o from 2 to 1 mM, thereby reducing @entity141 influx into the terminals, decreased the mean EPSP amplitude by 60 +/- 2.2% with control pipette solution and by 62 +/- 1.9% after loading with 0.1 mM @entity18650 (n = 7). 4. The slow @entity141 buffer @entity4527 at 1 mM reduced mean EPSP amplitudes by 15 +/- 2.5% (n = 5). With 10 mM @entity4527 mean EPSP amplitudes were reduced by 56 +/- 2.3 % (n = 4). 5. With both @entity141 buffers, the reduction in mean EPSP amplitudes was associated with an increase in the c.v. of peak EPSP amplitudes, consistent with a reduction of the transmitter release probability as the major mechanism underlying the reduction of the EPSP amplitude. 6. The results suggest that in nerve terminals of thick tufted L5 pyramidal cells the endogenous mobile @entity141 buffer is equivalent to less than 0.1 mM @entity18650 and that at many release sites of pyramidal cell terminals the @entity141 channel domains overlap, a situation comparable with that at large calyx-type terminals in the brainstem.

title: Transmitter release modulation in nerve terminals of XXXX neocortical pyramidal cells by intracellular calcium buffers.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Atlantoaxial stabilization has evolved from simple posterior wiring to transarticular screw fixation. In some @entity1 , however, the course of the vertebral artery (VA) through the axis varies, and therefore transarticular screw placement is not always feasible. For these @entity1 , the authors have developed a novel method of atlantoaxial stabilization that does not require axial screws. In this paper, they describe the use of this technique in the first 10 cases. Ten consecutive @entity1 underwent the combined @entity18361 lateral mass-sublaminar axis cable fixation technique. The mean age of the @entity1 was 62.6 years (range 23-84 years). There were six @entity1 and four @entity1 . Eight @entity1 were treated after traumatic @entity8432 developed (four had remote @entity130 and previous nonunion), whereas in the other two @entity8432 was caused by @entity528 . All had VA anatomy unsuitable to traditional transarticular screw fixation. There were no intraoperative complications in any of the @entity1 . Postoperative computed tomography studies demonstrated excellent screw positioning in each @entity1 . Nine @entity1 were treated postoperatively with the aid of a @entity2003 . The remaining @entity1 was treated using a halo fixation device. One @entity1 died of @entity1576 2 months after surgery. Follow-up data (mean follow-up duration 13.1 months) were available for seven of the remaining nine @entity1 and demonstrated a stable construct with fusion in each @entity1 . The authors present an effective alternative method in which @entity18361 lateral mass screw fixation is used to treat @entity1 with unfavorable anatomy for atlantoaxial transarticular screw fixation. In this series of 10 @entity1 , the method was a safe and effective way to provide stabilization in these anatomically difficult @entity1 .

title: Atlantoaxial stabilization with the use of XXXX lateral mass screw fixation. Technical note.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8432 :: ('MESH:C563472', 'Disease') :: ['atlantoaxial instability']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['rigid cervical orthosis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['arthritic degeneration']

answer: @entity18361 :: (3229,Gene) :: ['C1-3']


abstract: Immune-based treatments represent a promising new class of therapy designed to boost the immune system to specifically eradicate malignant cells. Immunotherapy may generate specific anti- @entity5 immune responses, and dendritic cells (DC), professional antigen-presenting cells, are widely used in experimental @entity5 immunotherapy. Several reports describe methods for the generation of mature, antigen-pulsed DC for clinical use. Improved quality and standardization are desirable to obtain @entity34857 -compliant protocols. In this study we describe the generation of DC from 31 @entity463 ( @entity463 ) @entity1 starting from their monocytes isolated by immunomagnetic @entity5750 selection using the CliniMACS   device. Upon differentiation of @entity5750 + with @entity3646 and @entity2841 , DC were induced to maturation with @entity310 , @entity1421 , @entity1356 , and @entity650 . @entity5 lysate was obtained, for the first time, in a closed system using the semi-automated dissociator GentleMACS  . The yield of proteins improved by 130% compared to the manual dissociation method. Interestingly the Mean Fluorescence Intensity for @entity8730 increased significantly in DC pulsed with "new method" lysate compared to DC pulsed with "classical method" lysate. Our results indicate that immunomagnetic isolation of @entity5750 (+) monocytes using the CliniMACS   device and their pulsing with whole @entity5 lysate proteins is a suitable method for clinical-scale generation of high quality, functional DC under @entity34857 -grade conditions.

title: An optimized method for manufacturing a clinical scale dendritic cell-based vaccine for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Whole tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GB', 'Glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Avian literature reports the modulation of 'photoperiodic gonadal responses' by the temporal phase relation of serotonergic and dopaminergic oscillations in @entity5872 . But, the modulation of 'light colour responses' by the temporal synergism of @entity1274 is not yet known. Hence the present study was designed to investigate the interaction of the light colour (blue, red) and the phase relation of @entity1274 in the reproductive regulation of @entity5872 . Three week old male @entity5872 were divided into two groups and maintained under a long day length condition (16L:8D) and were exposed to a 30 lux intensity of blue @entity3917 ( @entity3917 ) (B @entity3917 ) and a red @entity3917 light (R @entity3917 ). At the age of 15.5weeks, quail of one subgroup of B @entity3917 were injected with @entity750 precursor ( @entity48485 ) and @entity935 precursor ( @entity3034 ) 12hrs apart (B @entity3917 +12-hr) and those of the R @entity3917 group were injected with the same drugs (5mg/100g body weight over a period of thirteen days) but 8hrs apart (R @entity3917 +8-hr). The remaining subgroups of both the light colour groups (B @entity3917 _ R @entity3917 ) received normal saline twice daily and served as controls. Cloacal gland volume was recorded weekly until 35.5weeks of age when the study was terminated and reproductive parameters (testicular volume, GSI, seminiferous tubule diameter and plasma @entity251 ) were assessed. Results indicate that the 8-hr temporal phase relation of @entity1274 suppresses reproductive activity even during the photosensitive phase of the red light exposed quail (R @entity3917 +8-hr) compare to the R @entity3917 controls. On the other hand, the 12-hr temporal phase relation stimulates the gonadal development of the B @entity3917 +12-hr quail compared to the B @entity3917 controls which after completing one cycle entered into a regressive phase and remained sexually quiescent. These experiments suggest that the temporal phase relations of circadian @entity1274 , in addition to modulating the classical photoperiodic responses, may also modulate the gonadal responses to blue (suppressive) and red (stimulatory) light. These studies led us to conclude that the temporal phase relation of serotonergic and dopaminergic oscillations is not only an important regulator of avian reproduction but may also override the classical effects of light colours in @entity5872 .

title: Interactive effect of light colours and temporal synergism of circadian @entity1274 in reproductive regulation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural oscillations']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity5872 :: ('93934', 'Species') :: ['Japanese quail']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['LED', 'light emitting diode']

answer: @entity5872 :: (93934,Species) :: ['Japanese quail']


abstract: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) induced the disruption and scattering of colonies of TMK-1, a cell line derived from a @entity1 @entity356 . A stimulatory action of EGF on cell migration was also observed as determined by a wound assay. However, these actions of EGF were inhibited if the cells were pretreated with @entity619 , a synthetic glucocorticoid. @entity619 increased cell adhesion to collagen type IV and laminin, but not to @entity5731 and fibronectin. In contrast, EGF did not affect cell adhesion to these extracellular matrices whether @entity619 was present or not. @entity619 enhanced the protein levels of both @entity6927 and @entity2393 subunits, and that of the @entity6927 @entity8652 heterodimer. Further, flow cytometric analysis revealed that @entity619 increased the expression of @entity8652 and @entity6927 integrin subunits at the cell surface, whereas EGF increased expression of @entity8652 and alpha2 subunits at the cell surface. Antibodies against @entity6927 and @entity2393 subunits inhibited the increased cell adhesion seen in the presence of @entity619 . An immunofluorescence study indicated that @entity619 increased the formation of focal adhesions along the entire edges of cell colonies. In contrast, EGF led to the formation of focal adhesions preferentially at the cell front, and this EGF-induced preferential formation was not observed if the cells were pretreated with @entity619 . These results suggest that glucocorticoid increased cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix via @entity6927 @entity2393 , and thereby antagonized EGF-induced cell migration.

title: Antagonistic regulation of cell migration by epidermal growth factor and glucocorticoid in @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity5731 :: ('CHEBI:61490', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-L-lysine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: Forty-six consecutive @entity1 with nonmetastatic, large, high-grade soft tissue @entity242 were treated with surgical resection and radiation therapy but no adjuvant chemotherapy. Clinical and radiographic followup ranged from 36 to 90 months (mean, 50 months). One @entity1 died of unrelated causes 10 months after the completion of radiation and surgery, leaving the oncologic outcome of 45 @entity1 to be evaluated. Twenty-seven of 45 @entity1 (60%) survived with an average followup of 50 months. The limb salvage rate was 91% and local control was obtained in 43 of 45 @entity1 (96%). During the time of the study, 73% of @entity1 could have been offered chemotherapy. However, only 53% of @entity1 who died of their disease would have been candidates for chemotherapy trials because of medical comorbidities. More importantly, @entity1 with a Karnofsky performance score of 80 or more had a significantly better survival rate than @entity1 with a Karnofsky performance score less than 80 without the use of chemotherapy. Current chemotherapy trials that exclude @entity1 because of medical comorbidities are introducing bias toward improved survival that may not be attributable to the chemotherapy. If a real survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy exists, it would be most evident in the largest (> 15 cm) high-grade @entity5 . Aggressive metastasectomy seems to be most beneficial for @entity1 with isolated nodules.

title: Karnofsky performance score as a predictor of survival in soft tissue XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: Seventy-six @entity1 with severe diffuse plaque-form @entity1569 and a baseline PASI score > or = 18 were enrolled in a randomized open study comparing @entity205 5 mg/kg/day (36 @entity1 ) with etretinate 0.75 reduced to 0.5 mg/kg/day (40 @entity1 ) over a period of 3 months (phase 1). The rate, severity and time to relapse after the withdrawal of therapy in the 54 @entity1 achieving remission were evaluated over the following 6 months (phase 2). Twelve of these @entity1 entered an open, uncontrolled phase aimed at defining the safety and the strategy of @entity205 2.5-5 mg/kg/day maintenance therapy over a further period of 9 months (phase 3). @entity1 tolerability, laboratory parameters and blood pressure were carefully monitored every week for the first 3 months and then monthly. The only concomitant therapy allowed was white petrolatum. Not only the number (35/36 vs. 29/40) but also the speed of remission (20/36 vs. 1/40 at the fourth week of treatment) was higher in the @entity205 than in the etretinate group. Both the tolerability and safety of @entity205 proved to be adequate for short-term treatment, all altered clinical or laboratory parameters being completely reversible after the withdrawal of therapy. Only 1 of the 36 @entity1 in the @entity205 group prematurely stopped taking the medication because of an adverse reaction, as against 7/40 in the etretinate group (1 case of inefficacy, 1 case of adverse reaction and 5 cases of non-compliance). Six months after the discontinuation of the trial drugs, relapses occurred in 13/29 @entity1 in the @entity205 group and in 3/25 in the @entity18143 group; no 'rebound' was observed in any of the relapsing @entity1 . Long-term @entity205 treatment was both efficacious and well tolerated. In conclusion, @entity205 at doses of 2.5-5 mg/kg/day administered to reliable, carefully selected @entity1 closely monitored in terms of both clinical and laboratory parameters currently produces the quickest and more constantly favourable results in @entity1 with severe @entity1569 .

title: XXXX versus etretinate: Italian multicenter comparative trial in severe plaque-form @entity1569 . Italian Multicenter Study Group on @entity205 in Psoriasis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity18143 :: ('MESH:D005050', 'Chemical') :: ['etretinate']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['Cyclosporin']


abstract: CONTEXT: In recent years several studies have documented decreased adrenal cortical reserve in @entity1 with active @entity378 . This reduced adrenal reserve could be an important factor in causing mortality and morbidity in these @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To study the adrenal cortical reserve and its relationship with disease duration and severity in @entity1 with active @entity378 . DESIGN SETTING AND @entity1 : Forty @entity1 with confirmed active @entity378 (28 pulmonary and 12 extra-pulmonary) without clinical evidence of @entity5343 and 10 healthy, age and sex-matched subjects (controls) participated in this study. The study was conducted at Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir. INTERVENTIONS: @entity4545 stimulation test performed in both groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Basal serum @entity701 level and parameters of stimulated @entity701 response (maximum increase of @entity701 over basal, peak rise of @entity701 and area under response curve). RESULTS: The mean basal @entity701 levels were comparable between the two groups (P = 0.792). The parameters of stimulated @entity701 response including maximum increase of @entity701 over basal, the peak rise of @entity701 and area under response curves were significantly lower in @entity1 as compared to healthy controls (P < 0.001, 0.002 and 0.049 respectively). However, these parameters were comparable between @entity1 with active @entity1907 . Overall 14 (35%) @entity1 exhibited sub-optimal @entity701 response (3 negligible and 11 inadequate) to ACTH stimulation. ACTH stimulation revealed significant @entity701 rise in @entity1 with active @entity378 at 4 and 8 hours only, whereas in healthy controls, the @entity701 rise was more prolonged and continued up to 24 hours. The adrenocortical reserve was inversely related to the radiological severity of @entity1907 (r, -0.41) and chronicity of active @entity378 (r, -0.59). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with active @entity378 have decreased adrenocortical reserve. The adrenocortical reserve seems to be inversely related to the radiological severity of @entity1907 and chronicity of active @entity378 .

title: Adrenocortical reserve in XXXX with active @entity378 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['Adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity5343 :: ('MESH:D000224', 'Disease') :: ["Addison's disease"]

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis', 'pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In the past 10 years, thrombolytics have become standard therapy for acute @entity583 . Although the ability of streptokinase to lyse clot was first recognised in the 1930s, thrombolytic therapy was not used to treat acute @entity583 until the early 1980s, when the importance of @entity715 in the pathogenesis of acute @entity1188 was fully recognised. In addition to streptokinase and urokinase, recombinant @entity1 @entity1456 (tPA) and anistreplase were developed and widely used in the 1980s. Saruplase (prourokinase) and @entity49442 (recombinant plasminogen activator) have also undergone @entity1 clinical studies. All of these agents are effective at achieving clot lysis and coronary patency. Large, randomised clinical trials have demonstrated that thrombolytic therapy reduces mortality in @entity1 with ST elevation treated within the first 6 to 12 hours of acute @entity1188 , with an approximately 0.5% risk of @entity932 . Recent data have more clearly identified which @entity1 benefit from thrombolytic therapy. Efforts have been made to improve the speed of reperfusion, decrease reocclusion, simplify administration and reduce adverse effects. The characteristics of fibrin specificity and more rapid clot lysis with @entity1456 have not yet been translated into overall clinical benefit compared with the less expensive streptokinase. The lack of close association of improved early patency and improved global left ventricular function with improved survival challenges the very paradigm which led to the use of thrombolytic therapy for acute @entity583 . The need for development of additional methods for evaluation of new thrombolytic agents is evident.

title: Thrombolytic therapy for acute XXXX . A review .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: The adult hippocampus is involved in learning and memory. As a consequence, it is a brain region of remarkable plasticity. This plasticity exhibits itself both as cellular changes and neurogenesis. For neurogenesis to occur, a population of local stem cells and progenitor cells is maintained in the adult brain and these are able to proliferate and differentiate into neurons which contribute to the hippocampal circuitry. There is much interest in understanding the role of immature cells in the hippocampus, in relation to learning and memory. Methods and mechanisms that increase the numbers of these cells will be valuable in this research field. We show here that single injections of soluble factors into the lateral ventricle of adult @entity35 and @entity19 induces the rapid (within one week) increase in the number of putative stem cells/progenitor cells in the hippocampus. The established progenitor marker @entity26774 together with the more recently established marker @entity51167 , were used to quantify the manipulation of the @entity26774 / @entity51167 double-positive cell population. We report that in both adult rodent species, @entity26774 +/ @entity51167 + cell numbers can be increased within one week. The most prominent increase was observed in the hilus of the dentate gyrus. This study presents a fast, pharmacological method to manipulate the numbers of endogenous putative stem cells/progenitor cells. This method may be easily modified to alter the degree of activation (e.g. by the use of osmotic pumps for delivery, or by repeat injections through implanted cannulas), in order to be best adapted to different paradigms of research ( @entity179 , neuroprotection, learning, memory, plasticity, etc).

title: Fast, potent pharmacological expansion of endogenous hes3+/sox2+ cells in the adult @entity19 and XXXX hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is activated by various biotic and abiotic stresses. Salt stress induces two well-characterized MAPK activating signaling molecules, @entity8558 (PA) via phospholipase D and phospholipase C, and reactive @entity26 species (ROS) via @entity1110 ( @entity1110 )-oxidase. In our previous study, the activity of @entity1460 MAPK, GMK1 was strongly induced within 5 min of 300 mM @entity1219 treatment and this early activity was regulated by PA. In this study, we focused on the regulation of GMK1 at the later stage of the salt stress, because its activity was strongly persistent for up to 30 min. @entity274 activated GMK1 even in the presence of PA generation inhibitors, but GMK1 activity was greatly decreased in the presence of @entity3056 , an inhibitor of @entity1110 -oxidase after 5 min of the treatment. On the contrary, the @entity10439 and @entity5154 reduced GMK1 activity within 5 min of the treatment. Thus, GMK1 activity may be sustained by @entity274 10 min after the treatment. Further, GMK1 was translocated into the nucleus 60 min after @entity1219 treatment. In the relationship between GMK1 and ROS generation, ROS generation was reduced by @entity4285 , a MAPK inhibitor, but was increased in protoplast overexpressing TESD-GMKK1. However, these effects were occurred at prolonged time of @entity1219 treatment. These data suggest that GMK1 indirectly regulates ROS generation. Taken together, we propose that @entity1460 GMK1 is dually regulated by PA and @entity274 at a time dependant manner and translocated to the nucleus by the salt stress signal.

title: XXXX MAPK, GMK1 is dually regulated by @entity8558 and hydrogen peroxide and translocated to nucleus during salt stress.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity8558 :: ('MESH:D010712', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity1110 :: ('MESH:D009249', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate', 'NADPH']

entities_list: @entity3056 :: ('MESH:C007517', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenyleneiodonium']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['Soybean']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to clarify variations in patterns of flattening in rheumatoid hindfoot. Out of 232 outpatients with @entity309 treated at our hospital from 2001 to 2003, we studied lateral radiographs of feet of 216 @entity1 (423 weight-bearing views). We measured the medial arch angle (MAA) and talar angle (TA) and compared the alignment of the talonavicular joint-sagittal plane of each foot. We also evaluated the relationship between the severity of flattening and inclination of the talus and performed cluster analysis. Three groups were clustered by MAA and TA. In group I, joints were normal or close to normal. In group II, both @entity2720 were affected. In group III, @entity2720 were minimally affected, and the @entity2720 were primarily affected. Groups II and III were thought to be a different pattern of flattening. The present results suggest that there are at least two patterns of flattening in rheumatoid hindfoot.

title: Radiological study of joint destruction patterns in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['talonavicular joints', 'talonavicular and subtalar joints', 'subtalar joints']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid flatfoot']


abstract: Cell cycle progression of somatic cells depends on net mass accumulation. In @entity375 the @entity268 -dependent kinases (PKAs) promote cytoplasmic growth and modulate the growth-regulated mechanism triggering the begin of DNA synthesis. By altering the @entity268 signal in budding @entity375 cells we show here that mitotic events can also depend on growth. In fact, the hyperactivation of PKAs permanently inhibited both anaphase and exit from mitosis when cell growth was repressed. In @entity375 the @entity7319 ( @entity7319 ) triggers entry into anaphase by mediating the degradation of @entity23526 . The @entity268 pathway activation was lethal together with a partial impairment of the @entity45547 @entity7319 subunit, causing a preanaphase arrest, and conversely low PKA activity suppressed the lethality of @entity45547 -1 cells. Deregulated PKAs partially prevented the decrease of @entity23526 intracellular levels concomitantly with the anaphase inhibition, and the PKA-dependent preanaphase arrest could be suppressed in @entity23526 (-) cells. Thus, the @entity268 pathway and @entity7319 functionally interact in @entity375 and @entity23526 is required for the @entity268 -mediated inhibition of chromosome separation. Exit from mitosis requires @entity7319 , @entity48190 , and the polo-like @entity16255 kinase. PKA hyperactivation and a @entity48190 mutation were synthetically lethal and brought to a telophase arrest. Finally, a low @entity268 signal allowed cell division at a small cell size and suppressed the lethality of @entity48190 -2 or @entity16255 -1 cells. We propose that mitosis progression and the M/G1 phase transition specifically depend on cell growth through a mechanism modulated by PKAs and interacting with the @entity7319 / @entity48190 / @entity16255 mitotic system. A possible functional antagonism between PKAs and the mitosis promoting factor is also discussed.

title: Chromosome separation and exit from mitosis in budding XXXX : dependence on growth revealed by @entity268 -mediated inhibition.

entities_list: @entity7319 :: ('MESH:D030401', 'Disease') :: ['anaphase promoting complex', 'APC']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The abuse of substances has been considered as an explanatory factor of the neuropsychologic failure. However, doubts persist on the distinction among direct or indirect effects and even on the interaction between the effect of the @entity645 and the use of substances. The objective of this investigation consisted on studying the effect of the use of drugs and the seropositivity to the @entity2858 on the neuropsychologic efficiency. METHOD: After obtaining the informed consent 113 @entity1 they were recruited, integrated in four groups (34 seropositives ex-UDPP; 33 seropositives in maintenance programs with @entity284 ; 19 seronegatives; and 27 seronegatives without previous use of drugs. To all they were applied a neuropsychologic battery designed ad hoc, an semistructured interview about sociodemographical, toxicological, neuropsychiatric and clinical-biological aspects and an evaluation of the anxious-depressive symptomatology. RESULTS: The seropositive @entity1 in @entity284 present bigger rates of prevalence of the damage that the rest of the groups (X2 = 32.22, p < .000) and lower rates of execution in all the studied factors. Also, it is observed that the seropositive @entity1 as group present lower execution levels and higher rates of damage. Also, all the groups had lower levels of execution that the @entity1 seronegative non consumers (F = 15.661, p > .000). CONCLUSIONS: The abuse of drugs and the seropositivity are factors that associate to the decrease neuropsychologic efficiency. Also, the situation regarding the abuse explains differences in the execution levels and rates of @entity16 , being the @entity1 in maintenance programs with @entity284 those that present the worst execution levels, as well as the highest rates in neuropsychologic affectation.

title: [ XXXX infection, use of drugs and neuropsychologic efficiency].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychologic damage']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

answer: @entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']


abstract: Most cervical @entity189 appear to arise from @entity3146 . In addition to infection with high-risk @entity1 @entity1185 viruses, which is indicative of an increased risk of progression, alterations of oncogenes and @entity5 suppressor genes play a role. Genetic studies of @entity3146 , primary @entity2622 , and @entity3 may shed light on the relative importance of various genetic alterations involved in the progression of @entity3146 to @entity189 . We examined @entity5 material from 10 @entity1 with @entity957 and synchronous @entity3146 and lymph node @entity3 . The @entity3146 component, @entity189 , and lymph node @entity3 were analyzed separately for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on the following loci: VHL (3p21), HLA region (6p22-23), @entity1823 (11q 22-24), E6 associated protein (15q11-13), @entity876 (17p13), DCC (18q21.1), and chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 9, 20, and X. Using immunohistochemistry, the expression of the EGF receptor, @entity1722 , and @entity876 was determined. In @entity3146 , frequent LOH was found at chromosome arms 3p, 6p, and 11q. Primary @entity189 showed additional LOH at chromosome arms 6q, 17p, and 18q. In lymph node @entity3 , an additional locus on the X chromosome displayed LOH. All @entity189 and @entity75 but one showed high expression levels of the EGF receptor. @entity876 staining, when present, was found in all @entity75 . Focal staining of @entity1722 was found in one @entity3146 , two invasive @entity189 , and four @entity3 . The molecular alterations accumulated in a fashion that paralleled the progression of the @entity5 . These results indicate that cervical tumorigenesis occurs in a stepwise fashion, including infection and integration of oncogenic HPV and several specific genetic alterations. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 26:346-354, 1999.

title: Genetic alterations during the progression of XXXX of the uterine cervix.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papilloma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['CIN lesions', 'CIN lesion', 'cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions', 'CIN']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate a region-of-interest (ROI) analytic method that involves selective sampling of pixels within predetermined ranges of contrast material enhancement values ("thresholding") on magnetic resonance (MR) images of primary @entity1558 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dynamic @entity2287 -enhanced MR images were obtained in 105 @entity1 . ROIs were drawn to outline the full extent of lesions. Relative signal intensity increase was determined on a pixel-by-pixel basis on 1- and 2-minute postcontrast images, as was the maximum relative signal intensity increase. Thresholding was used to analyze each ROI, with the upper boundary defined by the highest pixel value and lower boundaries of 0%-100%. RESULTS: Seventy-one invasive @entity189 and 37 benign lesions were analyzed. Narrower thresholding (i.e., larger percentage) resulted in an increase in all enhancement ratios (P < .0005). The enhancement ratio on 1-minute postcontrast images differed between benign lesions and @entity189 (P < .0005), but there were no significant differences in 2-minute and maximum ratios. Mean enhancement differences between benign and malignant lesions increased with narrower thresholding, but variability also increased linearly. Results of receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that thresholding did not affect the diagnostic usefulness of enhancement ratios. CONCLUSION: Contrary to current opinion, selective sampling of the most enhancing areas of @entity1558 may not provide any diagnostic advantage over the use of easily drawn, lesion-encompassing ROIs.

title: Primary @entity1558 : selective pixel sampling on dynamic XXXX -enhanced MR images.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast abnormalities']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The diagnosis and management of @entity253 in certain cases may be incomplete without direct visualization of the bile ducts. METHODS: We report our experience of 61 choledochoscopies (33 @entity1 , 27 @entity1 , mean age 44.6 years). Twenty @entity1 had previously undergone orthotopic liver transplantation. All except two choledochoscopies were performed via the transpapillary route. Indications included suspected large bile duct stones in 18 @entity1 , anastomotic strictures in 16, abnormal cholangiograms in 5, elevated liver function tests in 7, suspected @entity201 in 4, occluded biliary metallic stent in 4, @entity7252 in 4, primary sclerosing @entity255 in 2 and @entity1157 in 1 @entity1 . RESULTS: Choledochoscopy confirmed the anticipated diagnosis in 36 of 61 (59%) @entity1 . Importantly, it provided additional unsuspected diagnostic information in 18 of the 61 (29.5%) @entity1 . In addition, for @entity1 in whom standard cholangiography was deemed abnormal, choledochoscopy demonstrated normal results in 7 (11.4%) @entity1 . Fifty-two choledochoscopies were performed with therapeutic intentions, and the procedure was helpful in providing targeted treatment in 27 (44.2%) @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Choledochoscopy is a safe and useful endoscopic modality that can provide specific diagnoses and direct treatment in various @entity253 . The additional information provided by choledochoscopy may change overall @entity1 management and outcome.

title: The role of choledochoscopy in the diagnosis and management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic bile duct injury']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary tract disorders', 'biliary tract diseases']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity7252 :: ('MESH:D006431', 'Disease') :: ['hemobilia']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary tract diseases']


abstract: @entity1313 constitute a large and important subgroup of pediatric @entity1313 . Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measures have been previously used in the analysis of these @entity5 . We investigated a newly described ADC-derived parameter, the apparent transient coefficient in @entity5 (ATCT), a measure of the gradient change of ADC from the peri-tumoral @entity4 core, to study whether ATCT correlates with survival outcome. Sixty-one @entity1 with histologically proven @entity1313 and who had diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) as part of their clinical imaging were enrolled in a retrospective study correlating ADC measures with survival. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed for extent of surgical resection, age <3 years at diagnosis, @entity5 type, and @entity3 at presentation. A multivariate survival analysis was performed that took into consideration ATCT and variables found to be significant in the Kaplan-Meier analysis as covariates. Results from the multivariate analysis showed that ATCT was the only significant covariate (P < .001). Survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier curves, dividing the @entity1 into 4 groups of increasing values of ATCT, showed that more negative values of ATCT were significantly associated with a poorer prognosis (P < .001). A statistically significant difference was observed for survival data with respect to the change in ADC from @entity4 volume. Results show that more negative ATCT values are significantly associated with a poorer survival among @entity1 with @entity1313 , irrespective of @entity5 type, extent of resection, age <3 years at diagnosis, and @entity3 at presentation.

title: Survival analysis for apparent diffusion coefficient measures in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['Embryonal brain tumors', 'embryonal brain tumors', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema into the tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['embryonal brain tumours']


abstract: This study reports a comprehensive array of @entity0 statistics for Manitoba for a 40-year period. Data from the Manitoba Cancer Registry were combined with the provincial population-based registration file to determine trends in @entity0 incidence, prevalence and mortality rates, as well as survival and the probability of being diagnosed with @entity0 in the next 10 years. The age-standardized incidence rate of @entity0 increased by 0.99/100,000 @entity1 per year over the 40 years of follow-up (69.6/100,000 @entity1 in 1960, 109.9/100,000 @entity1 in 1999). Mortality rates peaked in 1986 (35.7/100,000 @entity1 ), while the 1999 mortality rate (26.0/100,000 @entity1 ) was almost comparable to the 1960 rate (22.4/100,000 @entity1 ). No significant trend in mortality rate was observed over the 40-year period. The 5-year prevalence rate of @entity0 increased by 8.6/100,000 @entity1 per year. Between 1960-64 and 1995-99, 5-year survival increased from 0.62 to 0.86. The probability of being diagnosed with @entity0 in the next 10 years increased the most for @entity1 60 years of age. The @entity0 burden in Manitoba is rapidly evolving mainly because of the increasing incidence and the better survival of cases. Key words: @entity0 , incidence, prevalence, registries, vital statistics.

title: XXXX trends in Manitoba: 40 years of follow-up.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast neoplasms']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Noncultured cellular grafting is a known surgical technique for @entity1694 . OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated our center's 12-month repigmentation outcome and its maintenance up to 60  months, factors influencing repigmentation and safety data. METHODS: Clinicoepidemiologic and repigmentation data were reviewed for @entity1 with @entity1694 who had undergone noncultured cellular grafting from March 2006 to December 2012 at the National Skin Center, Singapore. RESULTS: All 177 @entity1 who received noncultured cellular grafting during the study period were included. For those with available data, good to excellent repigmentation was present in 83% at 60  months. At 12  months, 88% of @entity1 (n  =  52) with segmental @entity1694 achieved good to excellent repigmentation compared with 71% (n  =  55) with nonsegmental @entity1694 (P  <  .05). More @entity1 on collagen dressings (82%) achieved good to excellent repigmentation compared with those who received hyaluronic acid (63%) (P  <  .05). Sites of lesions and postgrafting phototherapy did not significantly affect repigmentation outcome. Adverse reactions were uncommon and mild. LIMITATIONS: The study is limited by its retrospective nature, the progressive loss to follow-up of @entity1 , the absence of blinding, and the lack of use of standardized assessment tools. CONCLUSION: Noncultured cellular grafting was successful in allowing more than 80% of @entity1 to achieve good to excellent repigmentation for at least 60  months.

title: Twelve-month and sixty-month outcomes of noncultured cellular grafting for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1694 :: (MESH:D014820,Disease) :: ['vitiligo']


abstract: @entity3562 ( @entity3562 ) has been recognized as a new risk factor for @entity65 independent of plasma lipid levels or other factors. However, it remains unknown whether @entity3562 is implicated in the target organ damages associated with @entity101 . The present study first examined the possible role of @entity3562 in the development of @entity631 in Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) @entity101 @entity35 . High-performance liquid chromatography showed that plasma total @entity1255 (tHcys) concentration was 7.64 +/- 0.29 micromol/L in conscious DS @entity35 on a low salt (0.4% @entity1219 ) diet, which was higher than 5.23 +/- 0.25 micromol/L in Dahl salt-resistant normotensive @entity35 . When these @entity35 were exposed to a high salt (4% @entity1219 ) diet, plasma tHcys markedly increased in DS @entity35 (14.7 +/-1.31 micromol/L) but not in Dahl salt-resistant @entity35 (5.34 +/- 0.54 micromol/L). An @entity68 chelater, @entity5532 (0.3 mg/kg IV per day), completely normalized high salt--induced elevations of plasma tHcys and significantly attenuated the sclerotic changes in the glomeruli in DS @entity35 . To further determine whether @entity3562 has an independent effect in the development of @entity631 , @entity35 were fed drinking water containing @entity1853 (1 g/kg per day) for 6 weeks to produce @entity3562 . In these @entity35 , plasma tHcys increased to 12.5 +/- 1.9 micromol/L (versus 6.1 +/- 2.6 micromol/L in control @entity35 ), and the aorta exhibited typical sclerotic changes, but arterial pressure was not altered. Urinary protein excretion increased to 52 +/- 2 mg/24 hours (versus 17 +/- 2 mg/24 hours in control @entity35 ), and the glomerular mesangium was expanded with @entity8 , @entity891 , and fibrous deposition in the @entity35 with @entity3562 . These results suggest that elevated plasma @entity1255 may be an important pathogenic factor for @entity8 in @entity101 independent of arterial pressure.

title: Implications of @entity3562 in XXXX in @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular damage', 'glomerular hypercellularity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['desferrioxamine']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['capillary collapse']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['hHcys', 'Hyperhomocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['glomerular sclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility of interventional @entity4831 @entity887 and multigene therapy in combination with focal chemotherapy in the treatment of VX2 @entity96 in @entity95 . METHODS: Forty five @entity95 with @entity5 larger than 2cm in diameter were randomly divided into five groups (n=9 per group). In Group 1, animals were treated with 0.9% @entity2827 . In Group 2, animals received @entity4831 @entity887 . In Group 3, animals received @entity4831 @entity887 and p53 gene therapy. In Group 4, animals received @entity4831 @entity887 and TK/CD gene therapy. In Group 5, animals received @entity4831 @entity887 and p53 and TK/CD gene therapy. Ultrasonography and CT were performed before and at ten days after interventional therapy. RESULTS: The VX2 model of @entity96 was successfully established in @entity95 and interventional therapy smoothly performed. At ten days after interventional therapy, significant difference in the @entity5 volume was noted among five groups (p<0.05) and different treatments could inhibit the @entity5 growth. The inhibition of @entity5 growth was the most evident in the Group 5. Factorial analysis revealed gene therapy with p53 or TK/CD and @entity4831 @entity887 independently exert significantly inhibitory effect on @entity5 growth. In addition, the suppression on @entity5 growth rate was the most obvious in the Group 5. CONCLUSIONS: Combination of gene therapy with @entity4831 @entity887 can effectively inhibit the @entity5 growth and prolong the survival time. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of multigene therapy in combination with @entity4831 @entity887 in the treatment of @entity96 .

title: Role of wild type p53 and double suicide genes in interventional therapy of XXXX in @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity4831 :: ('MESH:D004998', 'Chemical') :: ['lipiodol']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although @entity9009 may diminish or even close the shunt through the @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ), developing a left ventricular-to-right atrial (LV-RA) shunt may be unfavorable. This study sought to clarify this issue on the basis of an extended observation of such @entity1 . METHODS: Sixty-eight @entity1 (1201 @entity1 -years) who had small perimembranous @entity1757 and LV-RA shunt and were not operated on before 6 years of age were studied. RESULTS: The onset age of LV-RA shunt was 5.8 +/- 3.3 years, with clinical improvement later observed in 23 (34%). The murmur disappeared and showed spontaneous closure in 5 (7%). Seven episodes of @entity884 occurred in 6 (8.7%, or 58 per 10000 @entity1 -years), with 2 receiving surgery. Another 4 received surgery during follow-up. With echocardiography, aneurysmal transformation involving the anterior and septal leaflets of tricuspid valve (double sac) was found in 56 (85%), whereas only the septal leaflet (single sac) was involved in 10. @entity1 with double sac were less likely to show improvement, whereas @entity1 who had superior QRS axis and were female showed clinical improvement more frequently. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1757 with secondary LV-RA shunt is associated with a higher risk for @entity884 but still has a low chance for late improvement and even closure.

title: XXXX with secondary left ventricular-to-right atrial shunt is associated with a higher risk for @entity884 and a lower late chance of closure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9009 :: ('MESH:D018658', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['Ventricular septal defect']


abstract: @entity957 of the @entity135 includes a heterogeneous group of @entity5 of the upper air and food passages for which prognosis is difficult to assess. In fact, @entity1 in comparable stages may have diverse clinical courses and responses to similar treatments. In order to better define the prognosis of each @entity1 there is therefore a need to identify novel biological markers which reflect more accurately growth rate, progression and metastatic potential of each @entity5 . We assessed whether @entity3 correlate with microvessel counts (i.e. intratumoral vascularity) using the CD-31 monoclonal antibody (MAb) and @entity876 mutant protein expression, determined in the primary by immunocytochemical methods in 70 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity135 . @entity1 were treated with concurrent chemo-radiotherapy; 50 of these presented loco-regional node @entity3 at diagnosis whereas 3 cases, initially node-negative, developed distant @entity3 during the period of observation. No feature was predictive for objective response to treatment. The overall mean and median blood vessel density at "hot spots" was 37.42 and 36, respectively, and 57% of the @entity5 expressed @entity876 mutant proteins. These 2 biological markers were significantly associated. @entity1 with @entity3 (loco-regional and distant) had a significantly higher mean blood-vessel density than those without @entity5 spread. Also, @entity1 with @entity876 -positive (+/++) @entity5 had a significantly higher incidence of @entity3 than those with negative ones. Multivariate analysis showed that both vascularity and stage, but not @entity876 expression, are significant and independent predictors of @entity3 in this series.

title: Intratumoral microvessel density and @entity876 protein: correlation with XXXX in head-and-neck @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck', 'head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: @entity2794 in mRNA levels are a general feature of most clock genes. Although mRNA oscillations largely depend on transcriptional regulation, it has been suggested that post-transcriptional controls also contribute to mRNA oscillations in @entity238 . Currently, however, there is no direct evidence for post-transcriptional regulation of @entity1 clock genes. To investigate the roles of post-transcriptional regulations, we focused on the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of @entity19 Period3 ( @entity46233 ) mRNA, one of the clock genes. Insertion of the entire @entity46233 3'-UTR downstream of a reporter gene resulted in a dramatic decrease in mRNA stability. Deletion and point mutation analyses led to the identification of critical sequences responsible for mRNA decay. To explore the effects of the @entity46233 3'-UTR-mediated mRNA decay on @entity10204 , we established NIH3T3 stable cell lines that express luciferase mRNA with wild-type or mutant @entity46233 3'-UTR. Interestingly, a stabilizing mutation of 3'-UTR induced a significant alteration in the oscillation profile of luciferase mRNA. Above all, the peak time, during which the mRNAs reached their highest levels, was significantly delayed (for 12 h). In addition, the luciferase mRNA level with mutant 3'-UTR began to increase earlier than that in the presence of wild-type 3'-UTR. Consequently, luciferase mRNA with mutant 3'-UTR displayed oscillation patterns with a prolonged rising phase. Our results indicate that @entity46233 3'-UTR-mediated mRNA decay plays an essential role in mRNA cycling and provide direct evidence for post-transcriptional control of circadian mRNA oscillations.

title: Essential role of 3'-untranslated region-mediated mRNA decay in @entity10204 of XXXX Period3 mRNA.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity10204 :: ('MESH:D021081', 'Disease') :: ['circadian oscillations']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['Daily oscillations']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with chronic health needs are expected to gradually assume responsibility for health maintenance behavior as they move toward adulthood. We sought to evaluate the influence of factors such as age, duration of disease, and gender by examining the self-reported health behaviors of adolescents with @entity29 ( @entity29 ). METHODS: Confidential voluntary surveys were administered to all @entity29 outpatients over age 10 during a 4-month period. Questions addressed responsibility for health behaviors such as medication, provider visits, and communication. Likert scales measured the degree of independence: 1 (my parents only) through 3 (parents share equally with me) to 5 (I do it myself). @entity1 participation during doctor visits was also assessed. RESULTS: Of 358 @entity1 approached, 294 (82%) returned completed surveys. Respondents were 51% male and 69% had @entity30 . @entity1 took increasingly active roles, but by ages 19-21 only 45% ordered medication refills, and 50% picked up medication from pharmacy. Only 35% of 19-21-year-olds scheduled appointments and 30% contacted providers between visits if problems arose. Most @entity1 could answer provider questions (55% at age 16-18) but fewer asked questions of the provider (15% at the same age). Males were less likely to order their own prescription refills (P = 0.017) or prepare questions (P = 0.009). @entity66 did not change skill acquisition. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents develop independence in managing their @entity29 slowly and many @entity1 >=  18 years are still assisted by parents. Focus on specific skill acquisition may help @entity1 with self-management skills expected in adult healthcare.

title: When independent healthcare behaviors develop in adolescents with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Duration of disease']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1071 ( @entity1071 ) can develop in @entity1 treated with @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ) and usually respond well to @entity6822 withdrawal. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) @entity706 is a relatively rare type of @entity6822 -LPD. The development of @entity6822 -LPD in the orbit has not been previously described. We here report a case of @entity1074 that disappeared after @entity6822 withdrawal in a @entity1 treated with @entity6822 for @entity309 . CASE: A 78-year-old @entity1 who complained of @entity4 had been treated with @entity6822 for  >8  years for @entity309 . Slit-lamp examination revealed a temporal subconjunctival mass, salmon pink in color, in the left eye. Fundus photographs also suggested the presence of a temporal @entity5 in the left orbit. @entity419 positron emission tomography-computed tomography revealed highly integrated lesions in the left inferotemporal orbit and a left external iliac lymph node, a left obturator lymph node, and an inguinal lymph node. Pathologic analysis of a @entity5 biopsy specimen showed small- and medium-sized lymphocytes positive for @entity2225 , @entity1758 , and @entity588 and negative for @entity2282 , CD3, @entity4910 , IgG4, and EBV-ISH. On the basis of these findings, we diagnosed the @entity5 as @entity6822 -induced @entity1074 . The subconjunctival and orbital masses disappeared gradually over 10  months after @entity6822 withdrawal and did not recur within 2  years. CONCLUSION: This case of orbital @entity6822 -LPD suggests that the possibility of @entity6822 -LPD should be considered even for @entity5 in @entity1 treated with @entity6822 .

title: @entity1499 -associated @entity1071 in a XXXX with @entity309 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphoproliferative disorders', 'LPDs']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['[(18)F]Fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['orbital MALT lymphoma', 'MALT lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling of the left upper eyelid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ocular tumors']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the treatment of @entity6875 , rectus muscle resections generally are avoided because of the concern of reaggravating @entity32 and creating @entity121 . In @entity1 with large-angle strabismus and in @entity1 with residual strabismus after maximal recession surgery, however, rectus muscle resection may be considered. We report a series of 8 @entity1 with @entity6875 who underwent rectus muscle resections. METHODS: The records of 270 @entity1 with @entity6875 who had undergone strabismus surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Data from subjects who had undergone rectus muscle resections were collected, including age at surgery, duration of disease, duration of @entity892 , previous eye or strabismus surgeries, history of radioactive @entity1496 or @entity228 treatment, current thyroid medications, current use of @entity288 , @entity286 use, and signs and symptoms used to diagnose @entity6875 . RESULTS: Eight @entity1 (5 females) were identified (mean age, 51.1      17.6 years). Preoperatively, 4 @entity1 had a horizontal deviation and 4 @entity1 had both horizontal and vertical deviations in primary gaze. Mean preoperative horizontal deviation was 27.9(/\)    15.2(/\) and mean vertical deviation was 6.3(/\)    5.4(/\). At final follow-up examination, 7 @entity1 were orthotropic in primary gaze; 1 @entity1 had a larger deviation from slippage as the result of a broken suture within the first postoperative week. None of the @entity1 were overcorrected or developed @entity32 . CONCLUSIONS: In this series, @entity1 with Graves' ophthalmology were successfully treated with the use of rectus muscle resections as part of the surgical plan. Careful ocular motility assessment and @entity1 selection is critical if this option is contemplated.

title: Rectus muscle resection in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'atypical inflammation']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' ophthalmopathy"]

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['excessive extraocular muscle restriction']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity6875 :: (MESH:D049970,Disease) :: ['Graves' ophthalmopathy']


abstract: Regenerative therapies offer attractive alternatives for the treatment of @entity4713 . Adipose-derived @entity455 ( @entity455 ) cells allow the development of one-step surgical procedures by their abundant availability and high frequency. In this pilot study we evaluated the in vivo safety, feasibility, and efficacy of this concept using scaffolds seeded with freshly isolated ( @entity455 ) or cultured adipose stem cells (ASCs), and compared these to their acellular counterparts. @entity4713 were created in medial condyles and trochlear grooves in knees of eight @entity1237 . Defects were filled with acellular collagen I/III scaffolds or scaffolds seeded with @entity455 cells or cultured ASCs. Osteochondral regeneration was evaluated after 1 and 4 months by macroscopy, immunohistochemistry, biomechanical analysis, microCT analysis, and biochemistry. After 1 month, no adverse effects were noted. Microscopic, but not macroscopic evaluation showed considerable yet not significant differences, with cell-loaded constructs showing more extensive regeneration. After 4 months, acellular constructs displayed increased regeneration, however, to a lesser degree than cell-treated constructs. The latter exhibited more extensive collagen type II, hyaline-like cartilage, and higher elastic moduli, and their glycosaminoglycan content in the cartilaginous layer better approached native tissue values. Moreover, their defect regions contained higher levels of regenerated, mature subchondral bone with more intense collagen type I staining. @entity455 cells tended to perform best on all parameters. In summary, this pilot study demonstrated the preclinical safety and feasibility of a one-step surgical procedure for osteochondral defect regeneration. Similar regeneration was found between freshly isolated @entity455 cells and cultured ASCs. Larger studies with longer follow-up are required to substantiate these findings.

title: One-step surgical procedure for the treatment of XXXX with adipose-derived stem cells in a caprine knee defect: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['stromal vascular fraction', 'SVF']

entities_list: @entity4713 :: ('MESH:D010007', 'Disease') :: ['Osteochondral defects', 'osteochondral defects']

answer: @entity4713 :: (MESH:D010007,Disease) :: ['osteochondral defects']


abstract: The management of antiplatelet therapy in @entity1 with coronary stents undergoing surgery is a growing clinical problem and often represents a matter of debate between cardiologists and surgeons. It has been estimated that about 4-8% of @entity1 undergoing coronary stenting need to undergo surgery within the next year. Surgery represents one of the most common reasons for premature antiplatelet therapy discontinuation, which is associated with a significant increase in mortality and major adverse @entity299 , in particular stent @entity715 . In addition, surgery confers an additional risk of perioperative @entity299 events, being high in these @entity1 because of the pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic effects of surgery. Current international guidelines recommend to postpone non-urgent surgery for at least 6 weeks after bare metal stent implantation and for 6-12 months after drug-eluting stent implantation. However, these recommendations provide little support with regard to managing antiplatelet therapy in the perioperative phase in case of urgent operations and/or high hemorrhagic risk. Furthermore, @entity63 and hemorrhagic risk is not defined in detail on the basis of clinical and procedural characteristics. Finally, guidelines shared with cardiologists and surgeons are lacking. The present consensus document provides practical recommendations on the management of antiplatelet therapy in the perioperative period in @entity1 with coronary stents undergoing surgery. Cardiologists and surgeons contributed equally to its creation. An @entity63 risk stratification has been provided on the basis of clinical and procedural data. All surgical interventions have been defined on the basis of the hemorrhagic risk. A consensus on the most appropriate antiplatelet regimen in the perioperative phase has been reached on the basis of the @entity63 and hemorrhagic risk. Dual antiplatelet therapy should not be withdrawn for surgery at low @entity548 risk, whereas @entity117 should be continued perioperatively in the majority of surgical operations. In the event of interventions at high risk for both @entity548 and @entity63 events, when oral antiplatelet therapy withdrawal is required, perioperative treatment with short-acting intravenous glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (tirofiban or eptifibatide) should be considered.

title: [Coronary stenting and surgery: perioperative management of antiplatelet therapy in XXXX undergoing surgery after coronary stent implantation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac ischemic', 'cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of @entity3025 in normal @entity1 has been estimated to be 0.4% to 1.8%. Based on epidemiological data, it can be estimated that 2.2% of @entity1 and 0.6% of @entity1 may be found to have reflux as a result of the investigation of @entity293 . This implies that most @entity1 with reflux will develop @entity293 . However, most @entity1 with reflux detected by screening do not develop @entity281 . Hence the prevalence of @entity3025 in normal @entity1 may be higher than the previous estimates. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of @entity3025 in groups of @entity1 with different clinical indications for cystogram. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over 250 articles from the literature were reviewed to determine the prevalence of @entity3025 in @entity1 undergoing cystogram. Means and 95% confidence limits were derived from the data in studies that met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity3025 in @entity1 with @entity293 was 31.1% (95% CI: 29.9-32.8). The prevalence of @entity3025 varied between @entity1 groups, but often approached or exceeded the prevalence in @entity293 . The prevalence in normal kidneys was 17.2% (95% CI: 14.4-20.1). CONCLUSION: @entity3025 is common in nearly all @entity1 groups examined. The prevalence of @entity3025 in normal @entity1 is probably significantly higher than the traditional estimates.

title: What is the normal prevalence of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['vesicoureteral reflux', 'Vesicoureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity3025 :: (MESH:D014718,Disease) :: ['vesicoureteral reflux']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the blood pressure (BP) response to exercise in normotensive @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 75 normotensive subjects with type 2 @entity6 (group 1), and 70 age-gender matched normotensive healthy volunteers (group 2). Treadmill exercise test, 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) were performed for each @entity1 and healthy volunteers. RESULTS: There were 67 @entity1 (mean age 52    9 years and 42% male) in group 1 and 68 healthy volunteers (mean age 51    7 years and 43% male) in group 2. Eight @entity1 from group 1 and 2 subjects from group 2 were excluded because of high BP on ABPM. Groups were similar for @entity13519 (DBP) on office measurements and on ABPM. Groups were similar for rest @entity13519 , @entity11559 , heart rate, exercise duration on exercise test. Peak @entity13519 was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2, but peak DBP was not (196.9    18 vs 165.9    18.6 mmHg, p<0.001; 88.1    11.6 vs 86.2    8.7 mmHg, p = 0.283, respectively). @entity101 ( @entity101 ) was more frequent in group 1 than in group 2 [39 (58%) vs 6 (9%), p<0.001]. Independent predictors of peak @entity13519 were @entity6 , office @entity13519 and male gender, while independent predictors of @entity101 were @entity6 , office @entity13519 and age in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity13519 response to exercise is exaggerated in normotensive @entity6 @entity1 compared with non- @entity6 subjects. @entity6 , office @entity13519 and male gender are independent predictors of peak @entity13519 . @entity6 , office @entity13519 and age are independent predictors of @entity101 .

title: Blood pressure response to exercise is exaggerated in normotensive @entity6 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['HRE', 'Hypertensive response to exercise']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity13519 :: ('8991', 'Gene') :: ['systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP', 'SBP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Airway eosinophilic @entity32 is a characteristic feature of @entity565 . This can be assessed directly by measurement of eosinophils and eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) in sputum or indirectly by measurement of the same markers in blood. We investigated the performance of these markers of @entity32 in a population of @entity1 with @entity565 compared with control subjects and the extent to which the markers differed. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, subject characteristics were documented on day 1 and induced sputum and blood samples were obtained on day 2. Nineteen @entity1 with @entity565 and 20 control subjects (10 healthy subjects and 10 smokers with nonobstructive @entity3617 ) were consecutively enrolled in the study. Sputum (selected from saliva) and blood samples were processed by @entity1 blind to the clinical details. Results are presented as median values (minimum-maximum); differences were measured by Mann-Whitney U test. The accuracy of the tests (sensitivity and specificity) was measured by plotting the data in receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves and comparing the areas under the curve for each marker. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity565 in comparison with control subjects had a higher proportion of sputum eosinophils (5.2% [0.2% to 93%] vs 0.3% [0% to 1.7%], p < 0.001), higher numbers of blood eosinophils (350.0 x 10(6)/L [144.0 to 1520.0 x 10(6)/L] vs 155.0 x 10(6)/L [34.0 to 426.0 x 10(6)/L], p = 0.003), and higher levels of ECP in sputum (1040.0 micrograms/L [76.8 to 32,000.0 micrograms/L] vs 455.3 micrograms/L [54.4 to 1280.0 micrograms/L], p = 0.001) but not in serum (25.0 micrograms/L [5.6 to 52.4 micrograms/L] vs 16.5 micrograms/L [3.3 to 36.0 micrograms/L], p = 0.08). Markers of airway @entity32 in induced sputum and blood samples were correlated with clinical and physiologic variables. The area under the ROC curve showed that eosinophils in sputum (0.90) are significantly more accurate markers than blood eosinophils (0.72) and serum ECP (0.67) (p = 0.02). Although the area under the ROC curve for sputum ECP was greater than those for blood eosinophils and serum ECP, the differences could have occurred by chance (p > or = 0.1). CONCLUSION: We conclude that the proportion of eosinophils in sputum is a more accurate marker of @entity748 airway @entity32 than the proportions of blood eosinophils or serum ECP.

title: Measuring airway XXXX in @entity565 : eosinophils and eosinophilic cationic protein in induced sputum compared with peripheral blood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['airway eosinophilic inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']