abstract: @entity817 kinase gene V600 point mutations drive approximately 40% to 50% of all @entity320 , and @entity817 inhibitors (BRAFi) have been found to significantly improve survival outcomes. Although @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) provides effective symptom palliation, there is a lack of @entity137 and efficacy data when @entity1161 is combined with BRAFi, including @entity5457 and @entity5458 . This literature review provides a detailed analysis of potential increased dermatologic, pulmonary, neurologic, hepatic, esophageal, and bowel @entity137 from the combination of BRAFi and @entity1161 for @entity320 @entity1 described in 27 publications. Despite 7 publications noting potential @entity2359 , the rates of radionecrosis and @entity548 from whole brain @entity1161 (WBRT), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), or both do not appear increased with concurrent or sequential administration of BRAFis. Almost all grade 3 @entity1909 reactions occurred when @entity1161 and BRAFi were administered concurrently. @entity158 , disfiguring nondermatitis cutaneous reactions have been described from concurrent or sequential @entity1161 and BRAFi administration, which improved with topical @entity230 and time. @entity137 has been reported with @entity1161 and BRAFi, with @entity204 possibly related to @entity548 . Increased severity of @entity1207 with BRAFi is rare, but more concerning was a potentially related fatal @entity548 . Conversely, encouraging reports have described @entity1 with leptomeningeal spread and unresectable @entity3329 rendered disease free from combined @entity1161 and BRAFi. Based on our review, the authors recommend holding @entity1161  >= 3  days before and after fractionated @entity1161 and >= 1  day before and after SRS. No fatal reactions have been described with a dose <4  Gy per fraction, and time off systemic treatment should be minimized. Future prospective data will serve to refine these recommendations.

title: Avoiding Severe XXXX From Combined @entity817 Inhibitor and Radiation Treatment: Consensus Guidelines from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Visceral toxicity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bowel perforation and liver hemorrhage', 'pulmonary hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5458 :: ('MESH:C561627', 'Chemical') :: ['dabrafenib']

entities_list: @entity1207 :: ('MESH:D017564', 'Disease') :: ['radiation pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas']

entities_list: @entity5457 :: ('MESH:C551177', 'Chemical') :: ['vemurafenib']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity984 mutation status in codons 12 and 13 is recognized as a predictive factor for resistance to anti- @entity470 monoclonal antibodies. Despite having a wild type @entity984 (wt- @entity984 ), not all @entity1 with wt- @entity984 respond to anti- @entity470 antibody treatment. Additional mechanisms of resistance may activate mutations of the other main @entity470 effectors pathway. Consequently, other molecular markers in @entity14 are needed to be evaluated to predict the response to therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, objective responses (OR), @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were analyzed in 176 metastatic @entity14 (mCRC) @entity1 treated with first-line chemotherapy in combination with monoclonal antibodies in respect of @entity984 status in codons 12 and 13 and @entity817 mutational status. RESULTS: The @entity984 mutations were found in 63 @entity1 (35.8 %), the @entity984 mutation in codon 12 in 53 @entity1 (30.1%) and the @entity984 mutation in codon 13 in 10 @entity1 (5.7%). The @entity817 @entity8554 mutation was detected in 13 of 176 @entity1 (7.4%). In the subgroup of mCRC @entity1 having wt- @entity984 and wild type @entity817 (wt- @entity817 ), the objective response rates were higher (OR 54.0% ,CR 14.7%, @entity45659 .3%) than in the @entity1 with wt- @entity984 and mt- @entity817 (OR 38.5%,CR 15.4%, PR 23.1%), the difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.378). Median @entity1349 in @entity1 with wt- @entity984 wt- @entity817 , and in @entity1 with wt- @entity984 mt- @entity817 , was 107.4 months and 45 months, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p= 0.042). @entity1054 in @entity1 with wt- @entity984 wt- @entity817 , and in @entity1 with wt- @entity984 mt- @entity817 , was 16 months and 12 months, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.558). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity817 @entity8554 mutation have statistically significantly worse prognosis than the @entity1 with wt- @entity817 and progress earlier during treatment. The definitive role of the @entity817 @entity8554 mutation as a prognostic and predictive factor for the response to anti- @entity470 monoclonal antibodies needs to be analyzed in large prospective clinical studies.

title: Efficacy of first-line systemic treatment in correlation with @entity817 XXXX and different @entity984 mutations in metastatic @entity14 - a single institution retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity8554 :: (p|SUB|V|600|E,ProteinMutation) :: ['V600E']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between the long-term visual function and the dose and dose rates delivered to critical @entity2383 in @entity1 with @entity320 treated with 125I episcleral plaque radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1987 to 1994, 63 @entity1 underwent 125I episcleral plaque ( @entity320 Study [COMS] design) application for the treatment of @entity320 . The mean @entity5 height was 4.5 mm (range 1.7-8.3). Doses and dose rates at the @entity5 apex, macula, and optic disc were calculated. Forty-three records were scored to assess whether a decrease in visual acuity of >2 lines on a standard Snellen eye chart had occurred. @entity1 age and the presence of @entity101 or @entity6 were noted. Statistical analysis was performed to assess both the rate at which @entity227 had occurred and the presence of significant factors that had contributed to this decline. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 36 months, the 3-year actuarial survival rate was 93.6%. The 3-year actuarial local control rate was 86.9%. The median time to @entity227 after therapy was 18.7 months. The 3-year actuarial rate of visual preservation was 40.5%. Multivariate analysis demonstrated higher macula dose rates (p = 0.003) to forecast @entity227 . Macula dose rates of 111 +/- 11.1 cGy/h were associated with a 50% risk of significant @entity227 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 in our series treated with 125I plaque brachytherapy for @entity320 experienced favorable @entity5 control, but with a measurable incidence of @entity227 . Higher dose rates to the macula correlated strongly with poorer posttreatment visual outcome. This information may be valuable in selecting the optimal dose rates to treat @entity320 and to predict the risk of @entity227 .

title: Posttreatment visual acuity in @entity1 treated with episcleral plaque therapy for XXXX : dose and dose rate effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss', 'visual decline']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['Collaborative Ocular Melanoma', 'choroidal melanoma', 'choroidal melanomas']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['ocular structures']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['choroidal melanomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of baseline @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) level on the efficacy of @entity4688 and @entity1501 tablet in lowering blood pressure and plasma @entity5784 in @entity1 with mild or moderate essential @entity101 . METHODS: 456 @entity1 with mild or moderate essential @entity101 were from 7 hospitals in Southern and Northern China, 196 males and 260 females, aged 18-75, were randomly assigned to one of the 3 groups: Group 1 treated with @entity4688 10 mg (n=153); Group 2 treated with @entity4688 and @entity1501 tablet at the ratio of 10/0.4 (n=151); and Group 3 treated with @entity4688 and @entity1501 tablet at the ratio of 10/0.8 (n=152). Blood pressure was measured every 2 weeks and plasma @entity5784 level was measured before the experiment, 4 weeks after the beginning of experiment, and by the end of experiment. RESULTS: Compared with the baseline levels, the blood pressures of the 3 groups were all well controlled (all P<0.01). There was no significant difference among the 3 groups in the efficacy in lowering blood pressure, even after stratification by the baseline @entity5784 level. 75% of all the subjects had elevated plasma @entity5784 level (>or=10 micromol/L). The blood pressure and @entity5784 lowering rates of the subjects with @entity3562 in Groups 2 and 3 were 70.9% and 67.0% respectively, both significantly higher than that of Group 1 [45.6%, OR(95%CI): 3.0 (1.7-5.5), P=0.000 and OR=3.3 (1.8-5.9), P=0.000], and in lowering @entity5784 [OR(95%CI): 7.5 (2.6-21.2), P=0.000 and 3.5 (1.4-8.7), P=0.007] subjects with hyperhomocy steinemia. The @entity5784 lowering efficacy in the @entity1 without @entity3562 of Group 3 was significantly higher than that of Group 1 (P=0.016). CONCLUSION: @entity3562 is s extremely common in Chinese @entity101 @entity1 . @entity4688 combine with @entity1501 tablet shows better efficacy in lowering either blood pressure or @entity5784 in @entity101 @entity1 with @entity3562 .

title: [The effect of baseline @entity1255 level on the efficacy of @entity4688 and @entity1501 tablet in lowering blood pressure and plasma XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril maleate', 'Enalapril maleate', 'enalapril']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperhomocysteinemia', 'hyperhomocysteinemia']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['homocysteine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the intrauterine instillation of saline solution during transvaginal ultrasonographic imaging (hydrosonography) improves the diagnostic accuracy in detecting intrauterine abnormalities determined by direct visualization of the intrauterine cavity with either hysteroscopy or after hysterectomy. STUDY DESIGN: This study was a prospective, blinded study of 39 @entity1 referred with the diagnosis of abnormal uterine @entity548 after failing medical management. A routine vaginal probe ultrasonographic examination was followed by a blinded transvaginal hydrosonography in @entity1 proceeding to either hysteroscopy or hysterectomy. RESULTS: Twelve of the 39 @entity1 had masses that impinged on the intrauterine cavity at hysteroscopy or hysterectomy. In 4 of the 12 @entity1 with confirmed masses, an intrauterine lesion was detected by hydrosonography that was not seen on routine vaginal probe ultrasonography. In no case was an intrauterine mass detected by the hysteroscopy or after hysterectomy when hydrosonography indicated a normal intrauterine cavity. In 4 cases hydrosonography suggested that masses were present that were not confirmed at direct visualization. Although hydrosonography always recognized when intracavitary pathologic conditions existed in a @entity1 , hydrosonography sometimes underestimated the number of intracavitary lesions present. CONCLUSIONS: Hydrosonography is a simple, minimally invasive, and effective tool to use in the evaluation of @entity1 with abnormal uterine @entity548 who have not responded to medical treatment. In no case did hydrosonography fail to indicate when pathologic conditions existed in a given @entity1 , and a normal hydrosonography always indicated a normal intrauterine cavity at hysteroscopy or after hysterectomy. For these reasons hydrosonography is a sensitive tool to triage @entity1 with abnormal uterine @entity548 to operative or conservative management.

title: A prospective study of transvaginal hydrosonography in the evaluation of abnormal uterine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: The aim of the study was to analyze effects of various plasma concentrations of the vasoconstrictor @entity40612 on microvascular fluid permeability and on transcapillary fluid exchange. We also analyzed whether the permeability-reducing substance @entity4770 is involved in the permeability effects of @entity40612 , as prostacylin is suggested to be released via ET(B) receptor stimulation. The study was performed on an autoperfused cat @entity291 muscle preparation, and a @entity2478 ( @entity2478 ) technique was used to estimate variations in microvascular fluid permeability (conductivity). Intraarterial infusion of @entity40612 in low doses (5 and 10 ng/min/100 g muscle) caused transcapillary absorption, whereas higher doses (20-40 ng/min/100 g) induced filtration despite further vasoconstriction. Low-dose @entity40612 had no significant effect on @entity2478 , while @entity2478 was reduced to at most 55% of baseline at higher doses (P < 0.01). Simultaneous local intraarterial infusion of the @entity4770 synthesis inhibitor @entity5832 restored @entity2478 to 114% of baseline (P < 0.01) and further increased vascular resistance. A low, non-vasodilator dose of @entity4770 given intravenously counteracted the @entity5832 effect on @entity2478 . The decreased @entity2478 induced by a high dose of @entity40612 was counteracted by the ET(B) receptor antagonist @entity11345 with no change in vascular resistance (P < 0.05). We conclude that the decreased @entity2478 following high doses of @entity40612 can be attributed to a decrease in microvascular hydraulic conductivity, mediated by secondary release of prostacylin via stimulation of the ET(B) receptor. @entity40612 may induce @entity4 through postcapillary vasoconstriction.

title: @entity40612 reduces microvascular fluid permeability through secondary release of XXXX in cat Skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['CFC', 'capillary filtration coefficient']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity5832 :: ('MESH:D014191', 'Chemical') :: ['tranylcypromine']

answer: @entity4770 :: (MESH:D011464,Chemical) :: ['prostacyclin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 exposure to Libby amphibole (LA) @entity1355 increases risk of @entity2 , @entity2615 , and non-malignant @entity1576 . This study evaluated potency and time-course effects of LA and positive control amosite (AM) @entity1355 fibers in male F344 @entity35 following nose-only inhalation exposure. METHODS: @entity35 were exposed to air, LA (0.5, 3.5, or 25.0 mg/m(3) targets), or AM (3.5 mg/m(3) target) for 10 days and assessed for markers of @entity55 , injury, and cell proliferation. Short-term results guided concentration levels for a stop-exposure study in which @entity35 were exposed to air, LA (1.0, 3.3, or 10.0 mg/m(3)), or AM (3.3 mg/m(3)) 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 13 weeks, and assessed 1 day, 1, 3, and 18 months post-exposure. Fibers were relatively short; for 10 mg/m(3) LA, mean length of all structures was 3.7  m and 1% were longer than 20  m. RESULTS: Ten days exposure to 25.0 mg/m(3) LA resulted in significantly increased @entity55 , @entity82 , bronchiolar epithelial cell proliferation and @entity1373 , and inflammatory cytokine gene expression compared to air. Exposure to 3.5 mg/m(3) LA resulted in modestly higher markers of @entity647 and @entity32 compared to AM. Following 13 weeks exposure, lung fiber burdens correlated with exposure mass concentrations, declining gradually over 18 months. LA (3.3 and 10.0 mg/m(3)) and AM produced significantly higher bronchoalveolar lavage markers of @entity32 and lung tissue cytokines, @entity2308 , and MAPK/ERK pathway components compared to air control from 1 day to 3 months post-exposure. Histopathology showed @entity32 and @entity82 in all fiber-exposed groups up to 18 months post-exposure. Positive dose trends for incidence of @entity2543 and @entity652 or @entity189 were observed among LA groups. CONCLUSIONS: Inhalation of relatively short LA fibers produced inflammatory, fibrogenic, and tumorigenic effects in @entity35 which replicate essential attributes of @entity1355 -related disease in exposed @entity1 . Fiber burden, @entity32 , and activation of growth factor pathways may persist and contribute to lung tumorigenesis long after initial LA exposure. Fiber burden data are being used to develop a dosimetry model for LA fibers, which may provide insights on mode of action for hazard assessment.

title: Persistent effects of Libby amphibole and amosite @entity1355 following subchronic inhalation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'alveolar inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar epithelial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolar/alveolar adenoma']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: Spinal cord injured @entity1 present multiple unique challenges to the anesthesiologist. These include choice of muscle relaxant and management of @entity12805 . We report the anesthetic management for Cesarean delivery in a @entity1 who was paraplegic due to spinal canal metastases. @entity1468 and @entity221 complicated this case. CLINICAL FEATURES: The @entity1 presented at 29 wk gestation with progressive @entity451 at the T10 level due to @entity3 . She had a decompressive laminectomy without improvement in her @entity912 . She subsequently developed @entity1468 at 31 wk gestation, and underwent Cesarean delivery for breech presentation under general anesthesia. Anatomical concerns left us unsure of the efficacy or safety of neuraxial anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1468 and @entity12805 are generally indications for regional anesthesia for Cesarean section. @entity5 in her spinal canal and @entity854 including @entity882 and a potential urosepsis dissuaded us from this option. Additionally, rapid sequence induction and intubation were not preferred due to @entity451 , leading us to secure the airway fibreoptically.

title: Anesthesia for Cesarean section in a @entity1 with XXXX resulting from @entity5 metastases to spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia', 'Preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity12805 :: ('MESH:D020211', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic hyperreflexia']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity451 :: (MESH:C536857,Disease) :: ['paraplegia']


abstract: Chemokines are important mediators of the early inflammatory response to @entity281 and modify a wide range of host immune responses. Functional homologs of cellular chemokines have been identified in a number of herpesviruses, suggesting that the subversion of the host chemokine response contributes to the pathogenesis of these viruses. Transcriptional and reverse transcription-PCR analyses demonstrated that the @entity21215 ) chemokine homolog, m131, was spliced at the 3' end to the adjacent downstream open reading frame, m129, resulting in a predicted product of 31 kDa, which is significantly larger than most known chemokines. The in vivo impact of m131/129 was investigated by comparing the replication of @entity20589 mutants having m131/129 deleted (Deltam131/129) with that of wild-type (wt) @entity20589 . Our studies demonstrate that both wt and Deltam131/129 viruses replicated to equivalent levels during the first 2 to 3 days following in vivo @entity281 . However, histological studies demonstrated that the early inflammatory response elicited by Deltam131/129 was reduced compared with that of wt @entity20589 . Furthermore, the Deltam131/129 mutants failed to establish a high-titer @entity281 in the salivary glands. These results suggest that m131/129 possesses proinflammatory properties in vivo and is important for the dissemination of @entity20589 to or @entity281 of the salivary gland. Notably, the Deltam131/129 mutants were cleared more rapidly from the spleen and liver during acute @entity281 compared with wt @entity20589 . The accelerated clearance of the mutants was dependent on NK cells and cells of the @entity404 (+) @entity405 (+) phenotype. These data suggest that m131/129 may also contribute to virus mechanisms of immune system evasion during early @entity281 , possibly through the interference of NK cells and T cells.

title: The XXXX chemokine homolog, m131/129, is a determinant of viral pathogenicity.

entities_list: @entity21215 :: ('10366', 'Species') :: ['murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity21215 :: (10366,Species) :: ['murine cytomegalovirus']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Systemic @entity228 therapy increases risk of @entity86 in @entity30 . This study investigates its effect on risk for @entity295 in non-operated @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was performed in 432 @entity1 with @entity30 (the 94% of our database for whom adequate documentation could be retrieved). Two analyses were performed. The first tested the hypothesis that @entity1 with perforating @entity30 (n = 86) were more likely to develop @entity6177 (n = 29) if they had received systemic corticosteroids during the previous 3 months. The second analysis, confined to interventions since 1998, tested the hypothesis that @entity228 therapy was more common during the 3 months before presentation with @entity6177 (n = 12) than during the 3 months after presentation with a relapse of nonperforating disease (n = 24 consecutive @entity1 ). In both analyses adjustment was made for any other significant variable. RESULTS: Systemic @entity228 therapy was associated with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) for @entity6177 of 9.03 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.40-33.98) in @entity1 with perforating @entity30 . @entity1 receiving @entity617 > or = 20 mg per day had an OR of 2.81 (95% CI, 0.99-7.99) for @entity733 compared with those receiving a lower dose. In @entity1 with relapsed active disease, @entity228 therapy was associated with an unadjusted OR of 9.31 (95% CI, 1.03-83.91) for @entity6177 . Neither smoking nor @entity500 usage was associated with increased risk for @entity733 . CONCLUSIONS: Systemic @entity228 therapy for @entity30 is associated with increased risk for @entity6177 .

title: Effect of systemic @entity228 therapy on risk for XXXX in non-operated @entity30 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal or pelvic abscess']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative sepsis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity6177 :: (MESH:D018784,Disease) :: ['intra-abdominal or pelvic abscess']


abstract: In this article we present our experience in the management of @entity1318 . From May 1988 through August 2005, 71 @entity1 with @entity1318 underwent transabdominal esophagocardiomyotomy and partial posterior fundoplication. Barium swallow, manometry, and 24-h pH studies were performed in all @entity1 preoperatively. Manometry and 24-h pH monitoring were only carried out in 58 @entity1 at the third post-operative week and in 43 @entity1 during follow-up, even though 52 @entity1 were included in the follow-up. There were no operative @entity204 or complications. All the 71 @entity1 were able to eat semifluid or solid food without @entity1282 and heartburn at discharge. Esophageal barium studies showed that the maximum esophageal diameter decreased 2.2 cm and the minimum gastroesophageal junction diameter increased 8.4 mm after operation. Manometry examination in 58 @entity1 revealed that the lower esophageal sphincter resting pressure decreased 15.0 mmHg in the wake of the procedure. Twenty-four hour pH monitoring demonstrated that reflux events were within the normal post-operative range. Fifty-five of the 58 @entity1 had normal DeMeester scores. Among the @entity1 with a mean 90-month follow-up, 49 @entity1 had normal intake of food without reflux, the remaining three had mild @entity1282 without requiring treatment. All the @entity1 resumed their preoperative work and social activities. The manometry and 24-h pH studies in the 43 @entity1 showed there were no significant changes between the third post-operative week and during follow-up. Transabdominal esophagocardiomyotomy and posterior partial fundoplication are able to relieve the functional outflow obstruction of the lower esophageal sphincter, obviate the rehealing of the myotomy edge and prevent @entity354 in @entity1 who have undergone myotomy alone.

title: Management of XXXX with transabdominal esophagocardiomyotomy and partial posterior fundoplication.

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: AIMS: The recent and ongoing worldwide expansion in prevalence of @entity2175 (T2DM) is a considerable risk to individuals, health systems and economies. The increase in prevalence has been particularly marked in the states of the Co-operation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC), and these trends are set to continue. We aimed to systematically review the current prevalence of T2DM within these states, and also within particular sub-populations. METHODS: We identified 27 published studies for review. Studies were identified by systematic database searches. Medline and Embase were searched using terms such as @entity6 , @entity2175 , @entity4854 , prevalence, epidemiology and Gulf States. Our search also included scanning reference lists, contacting experts and hand-searching key journals. Studies were judged against pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and where suitable for inclusion, data extraction and quality assessment was achieved using a specifically-designed tool. All studies where prevalence of @entity6 was investigated were eligible for inclusion. The inclusion criteria required that the study population be of a GCC country, but otherwise all ages, sexes and ethnicities were included, resident and migrant populations, urban and rural, of all socioeconomic and educational backgrounds. No limitations on publication type, publication status, study design or language of publication were imposed. However, we did not include secondary reports of data, such as review articles without novel data synthesis. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of T2DM is an increasing problem for all GCC states. They may therefore benefit to a relatively high degree from co-ordinated implementation of broadly consistent management strategies. Further study of prevalence in @entity1 and in national versus expatriate populations would also be useful.

title: Prevalence of type 2 XXXX in the States of the co-operation council for the Arab States of the Gulf: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['Type 2 Diabetes', 'non-insulin-dependent']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Sixty-nine @entity1 with @entity4327 treated surgically were experienced from May, 1978 through December, 1990. Thirty-nine cases had @entity292 . Thirty-two @entity1 were associated with @entity1907 , of whom fourteen had @entity9130 and eighteen were sequelae of @entity1907 or @entity3254 . The remainder were @entity86 . Of fourteen @entity1 who developed postoperative @entity292 , there were ten @entity1 who had lobectomy or pneumonectomy for @entity2 . Omental pedicle flap method, in which @entity3509 space was filled with the omentum and pedicled @entity121 , was performed on 19 @entity1 with @entity292 or both. Fifteen @entity1 were cured successfully by single-stage procedure, though there was one @entity204 due to @entity1174 , and two recurrences which were treated by muscle plombages. There was another @entity1 who had multiple surgical procedures in the past resulting in partial recurrences, but the @entity292 of this @entity1 subsequently closed without reoperation. Postoperative decrease of %VC, FEV1.0/PVC were minimal. Treatment of long standing @entity292 is a difficult problem, and our omental pedicle flap method is relatively simple and safe which can be most suitably applied to those @entity1 in whom other procedures have failed and to those with poor pulmonary functions.

title: [Role of surgical treatment in @entity4327 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9130 :: ('MESH:D004654', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous empyema']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity3254 :: ('MESH:D014396', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous pleurisy']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopleural or thoracic fistula', 'fistula', 'bronchopleural fistula', 'bronchopleural and/or thoracic fistula']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative, postpneumonic, and posttraumatic empyemas']

entities_list: @entity4327 :: ('MESH:D016724', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic empyema']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['operative death']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle flap']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity4327 :: (MESH:D016724,Disease) :: ['bronchopleural and/or thoracic empyema']


abstract: A liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric (LC/ @entity15 ) assay was developed for the simultaneous determination of a pro-drug ( @entity42392 ), its active metabolite (platelet inhibitor, @entity49141 ) and precursor metabolite ( @entity49142 ) in @entity1 , @entity235 and @entity35 plasma, utilizing on-line column-switching solid-phase extraction (SPE) for clean-up and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for separation of the analytes, with on-line detection by ionspray (pneumatically assisted electrospray) tandem mass spectrometry in the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. The assay was validated for the quantification of all three analytes. The method involves protein precipitation with @entity9901 , enrichment of the analytes on a standard bore trapping column (i.d. 4.6 mm) and separation on a narrow-bore analytical column (i.d. 2 mm). Except for the plasma precipitation step, the assay was fully automated, allowing unattended operation. The lower limits of quantification were 0.20 ng @entity4654 ( @entity42392 , @entity49141 ) and 0.50 ng @entity4654 (Ro 48-3656) using a 0.5 ml plasma aliquot. The mean inter-assay precision and accuracy derived from quality control samples were 5.3% and 101%, respectively, utilizing the calibration range 0.2-200 ng @entity4654 . Using the unique features of @entity32459 with @entity15 / @entity15 , it was possible to develop the method in a short period of time. The method has been successfully applied to map complete concentration-time courses for the kinetic evaluation of the drug and its metabolites in @entity1 , @entity235 and @entity35 . This LC/ @entity15 assay is sensitive, specific, accurate, precise and robust.

title: Column-switching high-performance liquid chromatography combined with ionspray tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of the platelet inhibitor XXXX and its pro-drug and precursor metabolite in plasma.

entities_list: @entity32459 :: ('MESH:C536342', 'Disease') :: ['column-switching HPLC combined']

entities_list: @entity9901 :: ('MESH:D010472', 'Chemical') :: ['perchloric acid']

answer: @entity49141 :: (MESH:C100916,Chemical) :: ['Ro 44-3888']


abstract: Birds have high metabolic rates, body temperatures, and plasma @entity413 concentrations yet physiologically age at a rate slower than comparably sized mammals. These studies were designed to test the hypothesis that the antioxidant @entity414 protects birds against oxidative stress. Mixed sex broiler chicks (3 wk old) were fed diets supplemented or not with @entity3042 (0.6 mol @entity3625 or @entity14572 ). Study 1 consisted of 18 female Cobb x Cobb broilers that were fed purines for 7 days, whereas study 2 consisted of 12 males in a 21-day trial. Study 3 involved 30 mixed sex broilers that were fed 40 or 50 mg @entity208 /kg body mass (BM) for 21 days, a drug that lowers plasma @entity414 (PUA). PUA and leukocyte oxidative activity (LOA) were determined weekly for all studies. For study 2, pectoralis major shear force, relative kidney and liver sizes (RKS and RLS), and plasma @entity413 concentrations were also determined. In study 1, PUA concentration was increased three- and twofold (P < 0.001) in birds fed @entity14572 or @entity3625 , respectively, compared with control birds. LOA of birds supplemented with @entity14572 was lower (P < 0.05) than that of control or @entity3625 birds. In study 2, PUA concentrations were increased fivefold (P < 0.001) in birds fed @entity14572 and twofold (P < 0.001) in birds fed @entity3625 compared with control birds at day 21. RKS (g/kg BM) was greater (P < 0.001) for chicks fed purine diets compared with control chicks. Muscle shear value was lower (P < 0.05) in chicks fed purine diets. PUA concentration was decreased (P < 0.001) in birds consuming @entity208 diets, whereas LOA was increased (P < 0.01) in study 3. These studies show that PUA concentrations can be related to oxidative stress in birds, which can be linked to tissue aging.

title: Manipulation of plasma XXXX in broiler chicks and its effect on leukocyte oxidative activity.

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity414 :: (MESH:D014527,Chemical) :: ['uric acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish pregnancy outcomes and family size in a geographically defined population of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) @entity1 . METHODS: One hundred and thirty-eight @entity1252 @entity1 (all @entity1 satisfying at least four American @entity627 Association criteria) and 276 age-matched female controls, from the Nottingham area, were interviewed by a single investigator. Demographic details and maternity histories were obtained, and the data collected were analysed statistically to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for risk of fetal loss (through miscarriage, @entity2209 and abortion). Family size was also determined in White and non-White cases and controls. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity1252 are at greater risk of spontaneous fetal loss than their healthy counterparts (OR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.46-3.35, P < 0.01) and they are more likely than controls to have a surgical abortion (OR 2.44, 95%, CI 1.22-4.87, P = 0.01). The excess risk of both of these outcomes exists both before and after diagnosis of @entity1252 . The median number of @entity1 in White and non-White families of cases and controls is the same, i.e. two. White @entity1 with @entity1252 , however, appear less likely than controls to have more than two @entity1 , whereas non-White lupus @entity1 tend to retain their propensity to have larger families, i.e. more than two @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: We confirm that lupus @entity1 who have, or later develop, @entity1252 are at greater risk of @entity393 by spontaneous or surgical means. We have also shown that race, and the inherent differences in social and cultural influences, appears to be an important determinant of ultimate family size; White @entity1 with @entity1252 have fewer @entity1 than controls, whilst non-White lupus @entity1 tend to have larger families.

title: Pregnancy outcome and family size in XXXX : a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirth']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Because the activation of arterial @entity855 ( @entity855 )-sensitive @entity972 (KATP) channels is known to induce vasodilation, these channels may contribute to baseline vasodilator tone in @entity82 . This study aimed to examine hemodynamic responses to @entity5217 , a KATP channel blocker, and to aprikalim, a vasodilator activating KATP channels, in normal and cirrhotic @entity35 . METHODS: Splanchnic and systemic hemodynamic responses to @entity5217 (2.5, 5, 20, 30 mg/kg, intravenously) were studied. The arterial pressure response to aprikalim (200 mu/kg, intravenously) was studied with and without @entity5217 pretreatment (20 mg/kg). RESULTS: In cirrhotic @entity35 , @entity5217 (5, 20, 30 mg/kg but not 2.5 mg/kg) significantly increased vascular resistance in portal and systemic territories. In normal @entity35 , the latter effects occurred with 20 and 30 mg/kg of @entity5217 only. Aprikalim-induced @entity551 was significantly less marked in cirrhotic than in normal @entity35 . Following @entity5217 , @entity28080 -induced @entity551 was significantly less marked in cirrhotic than in normal animals. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity35 with @entity82 , the @entity5217 -induced vasoconstriction indicates that a vasodilator tone due to KATP channel opening existed under baseline conditions. Moreover, this study suggests that the control of vascular tone by KATP channels is altered in @entity82 .

title: Altered control of vascular tone by @entity855 -sensitive @entity972 channels in @entity35 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity28080 :: ('MESH:C061043', 'Chemical') :: ['aprikalim']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['arterial hypotension']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to test the hypothesis that late recanalization of @entity1188 -related coronary arteries (IRAs) improves long-term left ventricular (LV) function. BACKGROUND: Reperfusion within 24 h of an acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ) has been shown to improve @entity296 and to reduce @entity1188 expansion. Uncontrolled data suggest that there may be a time window of several weeks for such an effect. METHODS: Sixteen asymptomatic @entity1 10 +/- 4 days after a first Q wave anterior wall @entity583 with persistent left anterior descending @entity1563 and @entity1188 -zone @entity910 were randomized to immediate (2 weeks) or delayed (3 months) angioplasty. Repeat catheterization and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed after 3 and 12 months. RESULTS: Angiography 3 months after @entity583 revealed that @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) had increased ([mean +/- SD] 54.4 +/- 4.3% vs. 63.9 +/- 7.4%, p < 0.01) as a result of improved regional function (p < 0.01) and LV end-systolic volume had decreased (p < 0.002), whereas LV end-diastolic volume remained unchanged. With delayed angioplasty, @entity1002 , @entity1188 zone wall motion and LV volumes did not improve. Cardiac MRI at baseline and at 3 and 12 months confirmed these findings and extended them up to 1 year, indicating that delayed angioplasty could no longer improve LV function because of marked @entity5988 (p < 0.01). Immediate angioplasty had a high success rate, but restenosis (50%) was accompanied by new severe @entity951 as a clinical indicator of salvaged myocardium, which did not occur after delayed angioplasty. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study in selected @entity1 supports the hypothesis that @entity296 persists ("hibernation") for 2 to 3 weeks but not for 3 months after @entity583 , during which time it may be worthwhile to restore blood flow to a large myocardial territory, even in asymptomatic @entity1 , to improve long-term LV function.

title: Time dependence of left ventricular recovery after delayed recanalization of an occluded XXXX -related coronary artery: findings of a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial healing', 'myocardial viability']

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['LV dilation']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVEF', 'LV ejection fraction']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: The benefits of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in clinical trials were greater among @entity1 with @entity714 ( @entity714 ) or longer QRS duration. OBJECTIVE: To measure associations between QRS duration and morphology and outcomes among @entity1 receiving a CRT defibrillator (CRT-D) in clinical practice. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry's ICD Registry between 2006 and 2009 who underwent CRT-D implantation. @entity1 were stratified according to whether they were admitted for CRT-D implantation or for another reason, then categorized as having either @entity714 or no @entity714 and QRS duration of either 150 ms or greater or 120 to 149 ms. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: All-cause mortality; all-cause, cardiovascular, and @entity712 readmission; and complications. @entity1 underwent follow-up for up to 3 years, with follow-up through December 2011. RESULTS: Among 24   169 @entity1 admitted for CRT-D implantation, 1-year and 3-year mortality rates were 9.2% and 25.9%, respectively. All-cause readmission rates were 10.2% at 30 days and 43.3% at 1 year. Both the unadjusted rate and adjusted risk of 3-year mortality were lowest among @entity1 with @entity714 and QRS duration of 150 ms or greater (20.9%), compared with @entity714 and QRS duration of 120 to 149 ms (26.5%; adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.30 [99% CI, 1.18-1.42]), no @entity714 and QRS duration of 150 ms or greater (30.7%; HR, 1.34 [99% CI, 1.20-1.49]), and no @entity714 and QRS duration of 120 to 149 ms (32.3%; HR, 1.52 [99% CI, 1.38-1.67]). The unadjusted rate and adjusted risk of 1-year all-cause readmission were also lowest among @entity1 with @entity714 and QRS duration of 150 ms or greater (38.6%), compared with @entity714 and QRS duration of 120 to 149 ms (44.8%; adjusted HR, 1.18 [99% CI, 1.10-1.26]), no @entity714 and QRS duration of 150 ms or greater (45.7%; HR, 1.16 [99% CI, 1.08-1.26]), and no @entity714 and QRS duration of 120 to 149 ms (49.6%; HR, 1.31 [99% CI, 1.23-1.40]). There were no observed associations with complications. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries undergoing CRT-D implantation in clinical practice, @entity714 and QRS duration of 150 ms or greater, compared with @entity714 and QRS duration less than 150 ms or no @entity714 regardless of QRS duration, was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality and of all-cause, cardiovascular, and @entity712 readmissions.

title: QRS duration, bundle-branch block morphology, and outcomes among older @entity1 with XXXX receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle-branch block', 'LBBB']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Short sleep duration and @entity25 increase risks of overweight and @entity1017 . Few previous studies have examined sleep and weight repeatedly over development. This study examined the associations between yearly reports of @entity25 and weight status from ages 5 to 11. Although, previous studies have shown that inter-individual differences moderate the effect of short sleep duration on weight, it is not known whether inter-individual differences also moderate the effect of @entity25 on weight. We tested how the longitudinal associations between @entity25 and weight status were moderated by impulsivity and genetic variants in @entity1633 and @entity39287 . DESIGN: Seven-year longitudinal study. @entity1 : A total of 567 @entity1 from the @entity1 Development Project for the analysis with impulsivity and 363 for the analysis with genetic variants. MEASUREMENTS and RESULTS: Sleep problems and weight status were measured by mothers' reports yearly. Impulsivity was measured by teachers' reports yearly. Six single-nucleotide polymorphisms located in @entity1633 and @entity39287 were genotyped. Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Higher average levels of @entity1949 across years were associated with greater increases in overweight (P=0.0024). Sleep problems and overweight were associated at both within- @entity1 across time (P<0.0001) and between- @entity1 levels (P<0.0001). Impulsivity and two polymorphisms, @entity50710 and @entity50711 in @entity1633 , moderated the association between @entity25 and overweight; the association was stronger in @entity1 who were more impulsive (P=0.0022), in G allele carriers for @entity50710 (P=0.0007) and in A allele carriers for @entity50711 (P=0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: This study provided incremental evidence for the influence of @entity25 on weight. Findings of @entity1633 , @entity39287 and impulsivity are novel; they suggest that reward sensitivity and self-regulatory abilities might modulate the influences of sleep on @entity1017 . The analysis of polymorphisms was restricted to European Americans and hence the results might not generalize to other populations.

title: Impulsivity and genetic variants in @entity1633 and XXXX moderate longitudinal associations between @entity25 and overweight from ages 5 to 11.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep deprivation']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep problems']

answer: @entity39287 :: (255239,Gene) :: ['ANKK1']


abstract: Clear cell @entity43 accounts for 2 to 3% of @entity43 . @entity1 profiles, pathological characteristics, and results of treatment are reviewed for 59 @entity1 . The median age was 51. Disease extent at diagnosis was as follows: stage I, 18 @entity1 (31%); stage II, 20 @entity1 (34%); stage III, 15 @entity1 (25%); stage IV, 3 @entity1 (5%); and unknown stage, 3 @entity1 (5%). @entity46 was identified in 13 @entity1 (22%). Hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were performed in 47 @entity1 (80%), unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in 8 @entity1 (14%), and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in 4 @entity1 (7%). Radiotherapy was given to 15 @entity1 (25%), and chemotherapy was given to 42 @entity1 (71%). The overall 2- and 5-year survival rates were 49 and 43%. The median survival was 26 months. @entity1 with @entity5 with fewer than 10 mitoses per 10 high-power fields and less than 50% solid areas had significantly longer disease-free intervals. Clear cell @entity5 are usually diagnosed at an @entity66 stage than the other @entity43 ; stage for stage, however, the prognoses are similar.

title: Clear cell XXXX : a study of 59 cases.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian cancers', 'carcinoma of the ovary', 'all epithelial ovarian neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['earlier disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['Endometriosis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the ovary']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of regional @entity221 on rates of complete pathological response (pCR) and sphincter-sparing surgery in the context of an up-to-date radiochemotherapy protocol for locally advanced @entity5 . METHODS: Between 2007 and 2010, 106 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 of the middle and lower rectum were admitted to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy either with (n   =   61) or without (n   =   45) regional @entity221 . A retrospective comparison was performed between two groups: 45 @entity1 received standard treatment consisting of 5040 cGy in 28 fractions to the pelvis and @entity1487 (RCT group) and 61 @entity1 received the same treatment in combination with regional @entity221 (HRCT group). Target temperature was 40.5  C for at least 60   min. Total mesorectal excision was performed routinely. RESULTS: pCR was seen in 6.7% of @entity1 in the RCT group and 16.4% in the HRCT group. @entity1 who received at least four @entity221 treatments (n   =   40) achieved a significantly higher pCR rate (22.5%) than the remaining 66 @entity1 (p   =   0.043). Rates of sphincter-sparing surgery were similar in both groups with 64% in the RCT group and 66% in HRCT. When considering only low-lying @entity5 located within 8   cm of the anal verge prior to treatment, the rate of sphincter-sparing surgery was 57% in the HRCT group compared with 35% in the RCT group (p   =   0.077). CONCLUSION: The combination of regional @entity221 and neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy may lead to an increased pCR rate in locally advanced @entity5 . @entity1 with low-lying @entity5 especially may benefit when additional downsizing allows sphincter-preserving surgery.

title: Pathological complete response and sphincter-sparing surgery after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy with regional @entity221 for locally advanced XXXX compared with radiochemotherapy alone.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: @entity340 is a rare but severe complication after double mitral and aortic valve replacement. It is debated whether or not all prostheses should be replaced simultaneously, because of high operative mortality with redo double valve replacement. We report a case of @entity340 after double mitral and aortic valve replacement with the Manouguian procedure. A 56-year-old @entity1 had undergone double valve replacement 12 years prior and presented with high fever 2 months after dental treatment. @entity797 was isolated from blood cultures twice. Transthoracic echocardiography showed perivalvular @entity339 , but no vegetations or @entity733 . Transesophageal echocardiography revealed an @entity733 on the aortomitral continuity of the Manouguian patch. We removed all previous prostheses and performed redo aortic and mitral valve replacements with a repeat Manouguian procedure. The postoperative course was satisfactory. Precise preoperative evaluation by transesophageal echocardiography and radical removal of the infected prostheses resulted in successful treatment.

title: XXXX after double valve replacement with the Manouguian procedure.

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic valve endocarditis', 'Prosthetic valve endocarditis']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['Prosthetic valve endocarditis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To quantitate @entity158 relief associated with paracervical local anesthesia during transvaginal ultrasound-guided collection. DESIGN: The study was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, and no treatment-controlled investigation. @entity158 scores for vaginal @entity158 associated with entry into the cul-de-sac and global assessment for the entire procedure were generated separately by @entity1 and physician. Variables evaluated include duration of procedure, @entity1 weight and age, total number of @entity43 , number of oocytes retrieved, and amount of IV medication. SETTING: A private IVF-ET program. @entity1 : @entity1 in an IVF-ET program who volunteered to join the study (n = 101). INTERVENTIONS: Local anesthesia as a paracervical @entity616 compared with placebo or no injection during transvaginal oocyte retrieval, with all @entity1 receiving IV sedation. RESULTS: Both @entity158 scores, whether @entity1 or physician assessed were lower for paracervical @entity616 than placebo. Agreements between physician and @entity1 assessments of @entity158 scores were close. Duration of the procedure was correlated with @entity158 score. In general, a placebo effect on @entity158 perception compared with no injection was not seen. CONCLUSION: Paracervical local anesthesia compared with placebo injection was associated with lower @entity158 scores for both @entity365 and global assessment of the oocyte retrieval process but was not significantly better than no injection for global evaluation.

title: Is paracervical XXXX anesthesia for oocyte retrieval effective?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal and ovarian "follicular" punctures']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'vaginal and global pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal puncture']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['block']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Converging evidence suggests that @entity2704 has, in part, a vascular basis. In turn, vascular pathology is a strong risk factor for @entity73 . In this population-based study, we studied cognition amongst individuals with and without @entity2704 . METHODS: In 6708 @entity1 of the Rotterdam Study, @entity2704 was assessed using a validated questionnaire. Cognition was assessed by the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and a dedicated cognitive test battery. @entity1 were classified as non-migraineurs (n = 5399), migraineurs (n = 1021) or probable migraineurs (n = 288). Multivariable linear regression was used to cross-sectionally evaluate the association between @entity2704 and cognition, adjusting for age, sex and cardiovascular risk factors. Additionally, we stratified the analysis by sex and by @entity2704 subtype. RESULTS: Migraineurs had higher mean MMSE scores [unstandardized regression coefficient 0.21, (95% confidence interval, 0.08; 0.34)] and global cognition [0.10 (0.04; 0.15)] than non-migraineurs. This difference was particularly marked for migraineurs with aura [MMSE: 0.39 (0.13; 0.66); global cognition: 0.13 (0.01; 0.24)]. Migraineurs performed better on tests of executive function and fine motor skills amongst specific cognitive domains. The difference in MMSE between migraineurs and non-migraineurs was greater in @entity1 [0.25 (0.10; 0.40)] than in @entity1 [0.13 (-0.15; 0.40)], whereas the difference in global cognition was similar in @entity1 and @entity1 [0.15 (0.04; 0.27) and 0.09 (0.02; 0.15), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: Migraineurs, particularly migraineurs with aura, tend to score higher in cognition tests than non-migraineurs. More studies are needed to corroborate these findings.

title: XXXX is associated with better cognition in the middle-aged and elderly: the Rotterdam Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['Migraine']


abstract: We have reviewed 7 @entity1 (5 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ) with @entity16391 which was present at birth and was diagnosed at ages from 1 day to 1 month. The mean follow up was 16 years. The objectives were to discover whether intrauterine forces play a role in the aetiology and to determine whether early treatment of a potentially progressive curve can induce resolution. Two @entity1 were male conjoined twins and were united by skin over the posterior sacrum. Six @entity1 had a rib vertebral angle difference greater than 20 degrees in the first radiograph and 5 had stiff curves. In 2 with flexible curves, the @entity85 disappeared by the end of the first year. The 5 with stiff curves were treated conservatively for 6 to 24 months. Growth has now been completed in 5; 4 have a straight spine and one developed an adolescent curve of 26 degrees. The 2 who are still growing have no @entity1635 . Intrauterine moulding was only demonstrated in the conjoined twins. There was a correlation between the rib vertebral angle difference above 20 degrees and the @entity2003 of the curve. Early treatment of a potentially progressive curve can lead to resolution.

title: XXXX in the newborn.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity16391 :: ('MESH:C580539', 'Disease') :: ['infantile idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

answer: @entity16391 :: (MESH:C580539,Disease) :: ['Infantile idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are considered to be key immunomodulatory cells of the immune system and are increased in @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ). Rai stage 0 identifies @entity1 with early stage @entity1072 for which there is no effective intervention at the present time and a "wait and see" policy is usually adopted. Some biological and clinical studies have reported that green tea constituents, such as @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ), have antitumor effects on @entity1583 including @entity1072 . We report data on a clinical trial in which green tea extracts were given orally to 12 @entity1 with stage 0 @entity1072 and 12 healthy subjects. Ten @entity1 and 10 controls completed the 6-month scheduled therapy. Two @entity1 and 2 controls stopped therapy within 1 month because of @entity591 and epigastralgia. Eight out 10 evaluable @entity1 (80 percent) showed a @entity6113 and absolute number of circulating Tregs, as well. One @entity1 (10 percent) had a stabilization of lymphocytosis and a reduction of Tregs, and 1 @entity1 (10 percent) showed an @entity6113 and Tregs. Only the non-responding @entity1 progressed after 5 months from the end of green tea administration and chemotherapy was given. Interestingly, both @entity688 and @entity2533 serum levels declined throughout the green tea intake period, in both @entity1 and controls. These data seem to indicate that green tea is able to modulate circulating Tregs in @entity1072 @entity1 with early stage of the disease. This can result in the control of lymphocytosis as well as in the prevention of disease progression.

title: Regulatory T-cell modulation by green tea in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6113 :: ('MESH:D008218', 'Disease') :: ['increase of both lymphocytosis', 'reduction of lymphocytosis']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['epigallocatechin-gallate']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study Hemoglobin glutamer-200 @entity291 (Hb-200), 6% hetastarch (HES) and shed whole blood (WB) resuscitation in @entity235 @entity548 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective laboratory investigation. Animals Twelve adult @entity235 [29 +/- 1 kg (mean +/- SD)]. METHODS: Anesthetized @entity235 were instrumented for recording systemic and mesenteric hemodynamic parameters and withdrawal of arterial, mixed and mesenteric venous blood, in which hematological, oxygenation, blood gas and acid-bases variables were determined. Recordings were made before [baseline (BL)], after 1 hour of @entity3485 and immediately and 3 hours post-resuscitation with 30 mL kg(-1) of either Hb-200, HES, or WB. RESULTS: Blood withdrawal (average 34 +/- 2 mL kg(-1)) caused significant hemodynamic changes, @entity520 and @entity8770 characteristic for @entity548 . Only WB transfusion restored all variables. Hemoglobin glutamer-200 @entity291 infusion returned most hemodynamic parameters including cardiac output and mesenteric arterial blood flow to BL but increased mean arterial pressure above BL (p < 0.05). However, Hb-200 failed to restore total Hb and arterial @entity26 content ( @entity17527 ), leaving systemic (DO2I) and mesenteric @entity3612 delivery (DO2Im) below BL (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, acid-base variables recovered completely after Hb-200 resuscitation, and met-hemoglobin (Met-Hb) levels increased (p < 0.05). Hetastarch resuscitation returned hemodynamic variables to or above BL but further decreased total Hb and @entity17527 , preventing recovery of sDO2I and mDO2I (p < 0.05). Thus, systemic and mesenteric @entity3612 extraction stayed above BL (p < 0.05) while acid-base variables recovered to BL, although slower than in Hb-200 and WB groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Resuscitation with Hb-200 seemed to resolve @entity520 and lactatemia more rapidly than HES, but not WB; yet it is not superior to HES in improving DO2I and DO2Im. The hyperoncotic property of solutions like Hb-200 that results in rapid volume expansion with more homogenous microvascular perfusion and the ability to facilitate diffusive @entity3612 transfer accelerating metabolic recovery may be the key mechanisms underlying their beneficial effects as resuscitants.

title: Effects of isovolemic resuscitation with hemoglobin-based @entity26 carrier Hemoglobin glutamer-200 ( @entity291 ) on systemic and mesenteric perfusion and oxygenation in a XXXX model of @entity548 : a comparison with 6% hetastarch solution and shed blood.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity8770 :: ('MESH:D065906', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlactatemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: A field trial compared a modified @entity8857 biotype A serotype 1 leukotoxin vaccine to a commercial vaccine during March-July 1995 in a Natal Midlands, South African, feedlot. Weaners/long weaners purchased by the feedlot were allocated systematically into test vaccine and control vaccine groups of 1241 and 1240 head, respectively, and fed in groups of approximately 200 head. Morbidity and mortality were monitored until the animals were marketed. Details of @entity5641 and @entity55 at veterinary meat inspection were recorded for 409 test-vaccinated and 424 control-vaccinated @entity291 . An increase in morbidity but not mortality risk of @entity1576 was shown between test (13.8% morbidity) and control (11.4% morbidity) groups. @entity291 with a processing weight <245 kg were 1.4 times more likely to develop @entity1576 than @entity291 with a processing weight > or =245 kg. @entity291 bought on auction were 1.6 times more likely to develop @entity1576 than @entity291 bought at private sales. A partial farm budget incorporating Latin Hypercube sampling of uncertain variables was done to obtain the distribution of possible financial outcomes if the test vaccine were used. Impact (sensitivity) analyses indicated that median weight of carcass cut away had the greatest impact on the profit margin. The partial farm budget highlighted the importance of reducing sub-clinical lesions in a feedlot.

title: A stochastic partial-budget analysis of an experimental XXXX feedlot vaccine trial.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5641 :: ('MESH:D010998', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritis']

entities_list: @entity8857 :: ('75985', 'Species') :: ['Pasteurella haemolytica']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases', 'respiratory disease']

answer: @entity8857 :: (75985,Species) :: ['Pasteurella haemolytica']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The study investigates changes of anaesthesia practice in @entity2143 @entity1 of a University Hospital over a six years' period. METHODS: Between 1993 and 1998 data of 7476 deliveries were collected by the perinatal documentation system of the Obstetric Department and by computerized anaesthesia protocols of the Department of Anesthesiology. Since combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia with @entity681 was introduced in 1997, all @entity1 with subarachnoid techniques were prospectively examined between 1997 and 1998. RESULTS: While the total number of deliveries decreased over the years, the number of @entity1 undergoing anaesthetic treatment increased continuously. In parallel, the number of @entity1 with regional anaesthesia increased between 1993 and 1998 from 14.3% to 34.8%. The cesarean delivery rate increased from 23.7% to 28.7% with an increasing number of @entity1 receiving regional anaesthesia for cesarean section (1993: 25.3% vs. 1998: 62.1%). The number of emergency cesarean deliveries performed in regional anaesthesia increased to 19.3% in 1998. The number of neonates with an umbilical artery pH below 7.2 decreased from 18% in 1993 to 11% in 1998. The success rate of regional anaesthesia increased from 88.2% in 1993 to 97.5% in 1998. Combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia provided greater @entity158 reduction when compared with epidural anesthesia (VAS -81 +/- 12 vs. -68 +/- 18). Early vasopressor administration resulted in a decrease of @entity551 from 40% to 14% in spinal and from 21% to 13% in combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia. The incidence of postdural puncture @entity10 after subarachnoid anaesthesia was 2.4%. DISCUSSION: Epidural and subarachnoid application of @entity681 appears to enhance the success rate of @entity2143 regional anaesthesia. Subarachnoid techniques such as spinal or combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia showed a high effectiveness, low incidence of side effects and high degree of @entity1 ' satisfaction.

title: [Recent developments in XXXX regional anesthesia. A review of experiences at the Eppendorf University Hospital].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity2143 :: ('MESH:D048949', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity2143 :: (MESH:D048949,Disease) :: ['obstetric']


abstract: The parasite community of animals is generally influenced by host physiology, ecology, and phylogeny. Therefore, sympatric and phylogenetically related hosts with similar ecologies should have similar parasite @entity497 . To test this hypothesis we surveyed the endoparasites of 5 closely related cheilinine fishes (Labridae) from the Great Barrier Reef. They were Cheilinus chlorourus, C. trilobatus, @entity10722 , Epibulus insidiator and Oxycheilinus diagramma. We examined the relationship between parasitological variables (richness, abundance and diversity) and host characteristics (body weight, diet and phylogeny). The 5 fishes had 31 parasite species with 9-18 parasite species per fish species. Cestode larvae (mostly Tetraphyllidea) were the most abundant and prevalent @entity4801 followed by @entity2199 and digeneans. Parasites, body size and diet of hosts differed between fish species. In general, body weight, diet and host phylogeny each explained some of the variation in @entity13875 among the fishes. The 2 most closely related species, Cheilinus chlorourus and C. trilobatus, had broadly similar @entity4801 but the other fish species differed significantly in all variables. However, there was no all-encompassing pattern. This may be because different lineages of @entity4801 may react differently to ecological variables. We also argue that adult @entity4801 may respond principally to host diet. In contrast, larval parasite composition may respond both to host diet and predator-prey interactions because this is the path by which many @entity4801 complete their life-cycles. Finally, variation in parasite phylogeny and parasite life-cycles among hosts likely increase the complexity of the system making it difficult to find all-encompassing patterns between host characteristics and @entity4801 , particularly when all the species in rich parasite @entity497 are considered.

title: Endoparasite XXXX of five fish species (Labridae: Cheilininae) from Lizard Island: how important is the ecology and phylogeny of the hosts?

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['communities']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasites']

entities_list: @entity13875 :: ('MESH:D058617', 'Disease') :: ['richness and composition of parasites']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['communities']


abstract: The main problem with liver surgery is to control @entity954 . Bleeding together with @entity86 and @entity1578 are the most common causes of postoperative morbidity and mortality in liver surgery. Hospitals with experience of liver resection, report postoperative mortality rates of 3.2%-14.3%. Improved results in liver surgery have been made by refinement of surgical methods and modern techniques. @entity7062 (Octostim) reduces @entity548 time by activating platelets and increasing the level of coagulation factor VIII. The purpose with this study was to see if desmopressin could reduce @entity548 in a standardized experimental liver resection. Sixteen Swedish @entity12526 were randomized to receive desmopressin 0.3 ug/kg i.v. or placebo, and underwent liver resection with conventional finger fracture technique. The intraoperative @entity190 was estimated by several parameters such as pre and postoperative haemoglobin values and by weighing the number of gauze swabs used. One week postoperatively new haemoglobin samples were taken and the @entity1707 were killed. At autopsy the resection area was inspected. All sixteen @entity1707 survived the operation and the postoperative week. There was no significant difference in @entity190 between the desmopressin and placebo group. In conclusion, our study showed that @entity7062 did not reduce @entity954 in experimental liver resection.

title: Does desmopressin reduce XXXX in liver surgery? An experimental study on @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity7062 :: ('MESH:D003894', 'Chemical') :: ['Desmopressin acetate', 'desmopressin']

entities_list: @entity12526 :: ('9825', 'Species') :: ['domestic pigs']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: We report on the conservative and surgical management of a @entity1 with @entity17101 of the lumbar spine, causing severe and @entity85 . The diagnosis was made through biopsy. Curative removal, reconstruction and realignment of the spine were achieved. Imaging modalities were highlighted, with a detailed discussion of the histology and conservative and surgical management. We emphasize the importance of early, aggressive treatment of @entity17101 to prevent @entity717 , and to enable identification of the best management of a destructive lesion with @entity85 . This case demonstrates that empirical treatment should not be used in cases of unusual sinus and abscess locations. Specific diagnosis and early treatment are indicated to prevent @entity532 and @entity85 resulting from @entity17101 . Aggressive antifungal therapy can cure the disease but does not control complications related to @entity85 . The latter can only be addressed by surgical reconstruction. We review the literature of surgical treatment, focusing on abscess drainage, bone fusion and posterior instrumentation in the absence of addressing the @entity85 component.

title: XXXX of the lumbar spine: case report and review of the literature, with emphasis on diagnostic laboratory tools and management.

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['dreadful complications']

entities_list: @entity17101 :: ('MESH:D001759', 'Disease') :: ['blastomycosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['deformity and disability']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'spinal deformity', 'crippling deformity']

answer: @entity17101 :: (MESH:D001759,Disease) :: ['Blastomycosis']


abstract: Subfertility is a statistical concept. When a pregnancy has not been achieved within a year of unprotected intercourse, the odds are that an underlying pathological mechanism is at play. Advanced female age, longer duration and @entity249 , are important prognostic factors, suggestive of low fecundity and indicating a need for further diagnosis and treatment. Many diagnostic tests only have screening value and the only gold standards are hysteroscopy and laparoscopy. Severely impaired semen quality should lead to andrological work-up. Postcoital test and endometrial biopsy are obsolete. Treatment should preferably be aetiological, such as in anovulation, and sometimes also in @entity249 . Primary treatment of @entity4810 is not proven to be advantageous. Conception-enhancing techniques such as intrauterine insemination (IUI), @entity52 ( @entity52 ) with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), have shown to be effective. As a rule, and where possible, IUI is preferred and only if four to six cycles have failed should @entity52 be offered.

title: Rational diagnosis and treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilisation']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis and tubal infertility', 'primary infertility']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: Percutaneous biopsies are frequently used for @entity85 . We suspect published accuracy rates (80-97%) overestimate clinical utility. We retrospectively reviewed 120 consecutive percutaneous biopsies performed by interventional radiologists at our institution. @entity1 underwent core biopsy, fine-needle aspiration (FNA), or both. The biopsy interpretations were considered clinically useful if they allowed proper treatment to proceed and not useful if they were nondiagnostic or if surgical specimens disagreed with percutaneous specimen. @entity1 were categorized by biopsy type, tissue type, and @entity5 type. Ninety of 120 percutaneous biopsies were clinically useful, 27 were nondiagnostic, and three were incorrect; in these latter 30 @entity1 we proceeded to open biopsy. @entity1 with both biopsies had clinically useful results (80.6%) more often than FNA or core alone(68.0% and 66.7%, respectively). Biopsies of @entity79 were clinically useful more often than those of soft tissue. Myxoid histology was associated with decreased clinical accuracy. Clinical utility was independent of @entity5 type. No single characteristic predicted increased probability of open biopsy. The clinical utility rate was acceptable, but below published accuracy rates. The combination of both biopsies was better than FNA alone. Myxoid findings rarely helped to guide definitive treatment. Treatment decision making requires balancing biopsy results with clinical data. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic study, level IV.

title: Clinical utility of percutaneous biopsies of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal lesions']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal tumors']


abstract: The risks of @entity174 were calculated in 402 postmenopausal Brazilian @entity1 by FRAX with or without the inclusion of bone densitometry values. The correlation between the risk of major @entity174 or @entity173 calculated by FRAX with or without @entity79 was similar in this population, 0.76 and 0.64, respectively. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate the degree of agreement between the 10-year @entity174 risk in postmenopausal Brazilian @entity1 , calculated using the WHO Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX)-Brazil, with and without the inclusion of @entity79 ( @entity79 ) values. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 402 postmenopausal @entity1 (>= 40  years) who had undergone bone densitometry prior to initiating any pharmacological treatment for @entity2331 or @entity170 . The risks of a major @entity174 or @entity173 were calculated according to FRAX-Brazil either using clinical risk factors alone or with the inclusion of @entity79 value. The tests used were intraclass correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney test, and univariate linear regression analysis. RESULTS: When the @entity1 were classified according to the cutoff point defined as determining a high risk of a major @entity174 (>= 20  %), 0.75  % were defined as high risk when @entity79 values were included and 1  % when they were not. With respect to the hip, 5.22  % were defined as having a high risk of @entity174 (>= 3  %) when @entity79 values were included and 11.44  % when they were not. Intraclass correlation coefficient between the FRAX-Brazil assessed risk with and without the inclusion of @entity79 values was 0.76 (95  % CI 0.716-0.799) for a major @entity174 and 0.64 (95  %CI 0.583-0.698) for a @entity173 . CONCLUSION: The correlation found for the FRAX-Brazil score obtained with and without the inclusion of @entity79 values was good for the risk of a major @entity174 and moderate for the risk of a @entity173 . The @entity174 risk calculated was similar in this population irrespective of whether or not @entity79 values were included in the algorithm.

title: Correlation between osteoporotic fracture risk in Brazilian postmenopausal XXXX calculated using the FRAX with and without the inclusion of bone densitometry data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have previously found that nephron number was not fixed, that is, there was a direct correlation between low birth weight and @entity393 in @entity1 . In @entity1463 -prone @entity35 , we found that @entity801 exposure in utero induced a @entity8 and aggravated @entity631 in adults. In @entity19 , we found that an inborn 50% reduction in nephron number, caused by the Os mutation, was associated with @entity631 in @entity1463 -prone (ROP+/+) @entity19 , but not in @entity1463 -resistant (C57BL/6J) @entity19 . Because the genetic background determined the response to @entity393 , we asked whether the susceptibility changes in glomerular number and @entity631 were linked. METHODS: @entity801 was administered before and after the onset of fetal nephrogenesis. (1) Prior to the onset of nephrogenesis, two groups of pregnant @entity19 were treated from embryonic day (E) E8 to E12. In group A, early glomerular development was studied by placing ureteric ridges removed on E12 in vitro for four days, following which the ureteric bud branches and glomeruli were counted using lectin staining. In group B, nephron number was determined in spontaneously delivered 14-day-old (14PN) pups by counting glomeruli. (2) After the onset of nephrogenesis, to determine the direct effects of @entity801 on nephron induction, ureteric ridges were placed in organ culture at E12 of normal gestation, in the presence or absence of @entity801 . The number of glomeruli and ureteric bud branches were counted after six days in culture. RESULTS: A decrease in glomerular number and ureteric bud branches was observed in @entity1463 -prone (ROP+/+) @entity19 , irrespective of whether @entity801 was administered prior to or after the onset of nephrogenesis. Glomerular number and ureteric bud branching were not decreased by @entity801 in @entity1463 -resistant (C57BL/6) @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: These data provide evidence that there is a positive correlation between the susceptibility to @entity631 in adulthood and a reduction in nephron number in utero. Thus, exposure to nephrotoxins in utero compounds the risk of @entity177 as an adult in @entity1463 -prone individuals.

title: Nephrotoxin exposure in @entity8 in @entity1463 -prone but not XXXX -resistant @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin', 'Gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in glomerular number']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreased nephron number']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

answer: @entity1463 :: (MESH:D012598,Disease) :: ['sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if a "discriminatory" P concentration could be established that predicted abnormal early pregnancies in @entity4082 (CC)-conceived cycles. DESIGN: @entity1420 concentrations of gestations between 28 and 49 days from last menstrual period in both spontaneously conceived and CC-stimulated cycles were analyzed using a relative-operating characteristic (ROC) curve. INTERVENTIONS: Serum P concentrations were measured in 222 pregnant @entity1 from the first 49 days of gestation. One hundred sixteen @entity1 conceived in a spontaneous cycle and 106 @entity1 conceived in CC-treated cycles. Two by two contingency tables were used to calculate the true-positive (sensitivity) and false-positive rates at 20 specific P at 20 specific P concentrations. A ROC curve was then generated by plotting the sensitivity of the test against the percent of normal @entity1 incorrectly classified (false positive) at each P level. The best discriminatory value was estimated in each curve at a point of high sensitivity associated with a minimal false-positive value. The areas under the curve and SE were calculated for each group and compared by the critical ratio z-test. RESULTS: The best discriminatory P concentration was 10 ng/mL (32 nmol/L) for spontaneously conceived pregnancies and 30 ng/mL (95 nmol/L) for CC-treated pregnancies. The area under each ROC curve was significantly predictive. Comparison of the two curves indicated that the ability of P measurements to predict gestational complications was independent of follicular stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: Follicular stimulation with CC increases the discriminatory P value that predicts gestational normalcy but does not alter the clinical utility of the test.

title: Serum @entity1420 predicts abnormal gestations in XXXX conception cycles as well as in spontaneous conception cycles.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene citrate']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['Progesterone']

answer: @entity4082 :: (MESH:D002996,Chemical) :: ['clomiphene citrate']


abstract: This survey deals with two aspects of @entity245 which are relevant to @entity1 psychiatry; the early diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 with @entity245 , which may prevent the progression of @entity4207 , and the underlying biological causes of this @entity245 . The pathophysiology of @entity245 is complex and age-related. In the pre-verbal and early verbal stage, the severity of the clinical picture is primarily determined by concomitant motor pathology ( @entity66 , @entity4653 , general and @entity1742 ) and by receptive pathology ( @entity393 ). In the verbal period, linguistic problems start to play a role, and often combine with oral motor symptoms to present a mixed picture. The various language syndromes do not become clear until some time later. After the kindergarten period, the oral motor and perceptual problems decrease and the @entity3180 continue to play a role and influence the @entity1 's conversation, internal speech and learning a school. In a relatively small number of @entity1 without oral motor, perceptual or @entity2414 , there can be a @entity402 of "pure @entity2026 " without any other neurological signs. These @entity1 are very likely to have a genetically determined @entity245 on a limited neuronal level (no cerebral damage of any kind!) such as an abnormal asymmetry of the hemispheres. In somewhat more than half the @entity1 , this @entity402 is accompanied by other neurological signs, most of which are indicative of functional disorders of the left hemisphere. There can also be symptoms of the right hemisphere, of the corpus callosum and of the afferent pathway systems for auditory perception. The nature and causes of these anomalies can be multifarious, so that it is unfeasible to speak of THE substrate or THE pathogenesis. Treatment should not be confined to speech therapy techniques, but should also take into consideration the existence of abnormal motor and affective development and can thus only be optimally given by a highly trained team whose expertise also extends to the schooling aspect.

title: XXXX : clinical importance and underlying neurological causes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['motor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory problems']

entities_list: @entity3180 :: ('MESH:D007806', 'Disease') :: ['language disorders']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental dysphasia', 'neuro-developmental disorder', 'developmental disorder']

entities_list: @entity402 :: ('MESH:C564133', 'Disease') :: ['basic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['dysphasia']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning and behaviour disorders']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing and auditory perception']

entities_list: @entity1742 :: ('MESH:D001072', 'Disease') :: ['oral dyspraxia']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity245 :: (MESH:D002658,Disease) :: ['Developmental dysphasia']


abstract: The following guidelines are recommended in the management of @entity320 . An excisional biopsy is the appropriate diagnostic procedure for a @entity272 suspected of being a @entity320 . The advised margin for diagnostic excision is 2 mm of macroscopically normal skin around the lesion; the margins for therapeutic excision are 1 cm of normal skin for a lesion with a Breslow thickness of < 2 mm and 2 cm when the Breslow thickness is > 2 and < or = 4 mm. A margin of at least 2 cm also appears to be justified for thicker @entity320 . Elective lymph node dissection is not recommended. Sentinel node biopsy appears to be a promising method to detect occult @entity3 in the regional lymph nodes. If regional lymph node @entity3 are present, therapeutic regional lymph node dissection must be conducted. Isolated regional perfusion is indicated for inoperable @entity5 growth in an extremity. Radiotherapy can be applied palliatively or postoperatively (if non-radical resection is suspected). Adjuvant systemic therapy is still experimental. There is no standard treatment for @entity1 with haematogenic @entity3 and they should be entered in trials whenever possible. A follow-up period of 5 years is sufficient for @entity1 with a @entity320 of < or = 1.5 mm Breslow thickness and of 10 years when the Breslow thickness is > 1.5 mm. The @entity1 should be actively involved in the follow-up (inspection, palpation). Regular routine blood tests and radiological examinations are not considered to be worthwhile. There is no evidence that the growth of micro- @entity3 is stimulated by hormonal changes during pregnancy or contraceptive pill use. Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation should be discouraged.

title: Management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesion']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: Several proteins are known to host specific regions within their sequence, that when exposed or excised out proteolytically can display a range of physiological activities quite different from that of the parent protein. Collagen, a class of structural biopolymers and an important component of the extracellular matrix, is now known to harbor several such bioactive peptides which can act as physiological regulators. This study was undertaken to identify such cryptic sites from @entity291 Achilles tendon collagen and an antioxidative assay was used to screen for bioactivity. Bacterial crude protease was used to hydrolyze collagen and the hydrolysate was subjected to separation through ion-exchange column chromatography. Fractions were screened using conventional antioxidative assays and further purified by gel permeation chromatography. Two biologically active cryptic peptides were obtained displaying high antioxidative properties, @entity49134 . At low concentrations, both peptides displayed higher chelating ability than @entity1098 and were able to reduce the auto-oxidation of @entity5031 . The molecular weights of the peptides were found out through column chromatography and Tricine SDS PAGE; both displayed molecular mass below 4 kDa. Overall E1 displayed a comparatively better antioxidative ability than the others and was further characterized by circular dichroism studies and sequencing. A BLAST search of the active peptide sequence revealed that an almost similar peptide also resides in @entity1 collagen Type I.

title: Isolation and identification of cryptic bioactive regions in XXXX achilles tendon collagen.

entities_list: @entity5031 :: ('CHEBI:27208', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acid']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: In older textbooks the use of @entity298 ( @entity298 ) in @entity1 with @entity1575 and/or @entity843 was contraindicated. Only a small number of papers have focused on this problem and they mainly consist of case reports and retrospective studies of small numbers of @entity1 . In addition, most nephrologists' experience of performing @entity298 in @entity1 with @entity409 is rather limited. Nevertheless, for these @entity1 @entity298 offers a wide range of advantages, such as a simplified @entity843 management, since repeated abdominal punctures become unnecessary. Furthermore, because of continuous peritoneal ultrafiltration, hemodynamic tolerance during @entity298 is significantly better than in hemodialysis and results in a markedly lower frequency of @entity551 episodes. The risk of @entity580 with @entity1956 or C viruses can also be reduced by treating these @entity1 with home @entity298 . Although some authors suggest that @entity298 @entity1 with @entity1575 have an especially increased risk of Gram-negative @entity298 , currently available data show controversial results. There is also little information in the literature on the impact of increased peritoneal protein loss on @entity3147 and outcome of these @entity1 . Nevertheless, recent studies have shown that protein loss into the peritoneal cavity in @entity298 @entity1 with @entity1575 is high only initially, stabilizing at a lower level in the further course of treatment. In conclusion, in @entity1 with @entity454 suffering from @entity1575 and/or @entity843 , @entity298 can be considered as a good or adequate treatment option.

title: [Peritoneal dialysis in @entity1 with XXXX and/or @entity843 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infection']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD', 'peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver cirrhosis']