abstract: BACKGROUND: Although corticosteroids have dramatically altered the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity7271 , morbidity and mortality from systemic @entity228 side-effects remains high. High-dose intravenous @entity1667 has been used successfully in blistering diseases to avoid the complications of long-term orally-administered glucocorticoids. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness and side-effects of oral and pulse @entity134 therapy in the treatment of @entity7271 . METHODS: One hundred and twenty-three @entity1 with @entity7271 were categorized into two groups of study and control according to the disease severity and @entity1 's preferred method of treatment. The study group included 36 males and 36 females. The control group included 26 males and 25 females. The mean +/- SD age of the two groups was 42.6 +/- 11.9 and 46.9 +/- 12.8 years, respectively. The mean +/- SD duration of the disease was 6.8 +/- 1.1 months in new cases (n = 45) and 25.9 +/- 26.0 months overally in the study group; it was 7.2 +/- 1.8 months in new cases (n = 30) and 28.4 +/- 24.6 months overally in the control group. During the induction phase, we performed pulse therapy with @entity1667 in three consecutive monthly courses. Each course included 1000 mg intravenous @entity1667 for 4 days plus 500 mg intravenous @entity786 for 1 day. In this phase, the control group received 1 - 2 mg/kg/day oral @entity617 for 28 days plus 1.5 mg/kg/day @entity500 . All @entity1 were followed for at least 12 months during which period, clinical response, relapse rate, and side-effects were evaluated. RESULTS: Pulse intravenous @entity1667 with @entity786 was generally safe and well-tolerated. Therapeutic responses of skin and @entity3137 , rates of complete remission and relapse, and major organ-specific complications were similar in both groups. Significant statistical differences existed in total orally-administered @entity617 in one year, admission duration, and annual weight increments between the two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Considering the side-effects of long-term oral @entity230 , hazards of @entity28 , and complications of long-term hospitalization, pulse @entity1667 could be considered in @entity1 who have problems with long-term admissions or with high-dose oral @entity134 usage, and also in @entity28 @entity1 .

title: Pulse versus oral XXXX therapy in @entity7271 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['pemphigus vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal lesions']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1667 :: (MESH:D008775,Chemical) :: ['methylprednisolone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2690 resistance (IR) is a feature of the endocrine stress response to surgery. It is not known whether a preoperative state of IR would affect the postoperative endocrine response. We sought to characterize the preoperative state of IR in a group of @entity1 undergoing elective hip and knee arthroplasty, and to determine to what extent perioperative epidural @entity1337 modifies the postoperative state of IR in those who are and are not @entity2690 -resistant before surgery. METHODS: Sixty @entity1 undergoing either hip or knee arthroplasty were screened by using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) in two populations: @entity2690 -resistant @entity1 and noninsulin-resistant @entity1 , whereas HOMA is fasting @entity2690 (microU/mL) x fasting @entity413 (mmol/L)/22.5. The @entity1 belonging to each population were then randomly assigned to receive either intraoperative epidural blockade followed by @entity86 (epidural group) or general anesthesia followed by @entity1 -controlled @entity1337 (control group). @entity1337 was assessed with visual analog scale up to 48 h after surgery and HOMA was repeated at the end of surgery and 48 h after surgery to determine the postoperative state of IR. RESULTS: Epidural anesthesia and @entity1337 significantly influenced the postoperative HOMA score (smaller proportion of IR) in the postoperative period only in those @entity1 who were @entity2690 -resistant before surgery (P < 0.01). In contrast, noninsulin-resistant @entity1 had a similar postoperative proportion of IR between the epidural and control groups (P > 0.05). At rest and during movement, visual analog scale scores were not different between groups at the end of surgery and in the first and second days after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Epidural anesthesia and @entity1337 compared to general anesthesia followed by @entity1 -controlled @entity1337 decreased the incidence of IR soon after surgery and 48 h after surgery only in @entity1 who were @entity2690 -resistant before surgery.

title: Epidural anesthesia and @entity1337 decrease the postoperative incidence of @entity2690 resistance in preoperative XXXX -resistant subjects only.

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia', 'Analgesia']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative epidural analgesia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: @entity32 is a crucial factor in the development of @entity63 -induced @entity1545 . Since facilitation of central histaminergic activity ameliorates reperfusion injury, effects of postischemic administration of @entity14614 , a precursor of @entity112 , and @entity13686 , a @entity112 H3 receptor antagonist, on inflammatory cell infiltration were evaluated in a @entity35 model of transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. After reperfusion for 12, 24, or 72 h following 2 h of occlusion, @entity75 were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against @entity1589 and @entity22519 , which were markers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages/microglia, respectively. After reperfusion for 12-24 h, the number of neutrophils on the @entity63 side increased markedly, whereas the increase was not observed on the contralateral side. Administration of @entity14614 (1000 mg/kg x 2, i.p.), immediately and 6 h after reperfusion, reduced the number of neutrophils to 52%. Simultaneous administration of @entity13686 (5 mg/kg, s.c.) further decreased the number of neutrophils to 32%. Likewise, the @entity63 induced increase in the number of @entity22519 -positive cells after 24 h was suppressed by @entity14614 injections. The @entity14614 administration decreased the number of @entity11264 + T lymphocytes on both @entity63 and contralateral sides after 12 h, and concurrent administration of @entity13686 prolonged the effect. Although administration of @entity8765 (3 nmol, i.c.v.) did not affect suppression of leukocyte infiltration, @entity5616 tended to reverse the effect of @entity14614 . These data suggest that enhancement of central histaminergic activity suppresses inflammatory cell recruitment after @entity63 events through @entity112 H2 receptors, which may be a mechanism underlying the protective effect of @entity14614 .

title: Suppression of inflammatory cell recruitment by @entity112 receptor stimulation in @entity63 XXXX brains.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain slices']

entities_list: @entity14614 :: ('CHEBI:15971', 'Chemical') :: ['L-histidine']

entities_list: @entity8765 :: ('MESH:D011738', 'Chemical') :: ['mepyramine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity13686 :: ('MESH:C052075', 'Chemical') :: ['thioperamide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: In recent decades, the prevalence of @entity3631 isolates with reduced susceptibility to penicillins has increased. The intermediate resistance to @entity114 (Pen(i)) for most strains is due mainly to mosaic structures in the penA gene, encoding @entity114 -binding protein 2. In this study, susceptibility to @entity3405 antibiotics was determined for 60 Swedish clinical @entity3631 isolates and 19 reference strains. The penA gene was sequenced and compared to 237 penA sequences from GenBank in order to explore the total identified variation of penA. The divergent mosaic alleles differed by 3% to 24% compared to those of the designated wild-type penA gene. By studying the final 1,143 to 1,149 bp of penA in a sequence alignment, 130 sequence variants were identified. In a 402-bp alignment of the most variable regions, 84 variants were recognized. Good correlation between elevated MICs and the presence of penA mosaic structures was found especially for @entity3397 and @entity869 . The Pen(i) isolates comprised an MIC of >0.094 microg/ml for @entity3397 and an MIC of >0.064 microg/ml for @entity869 . @entity869 was the best antibiotic for precise categorization as Pen(s) or Pen(i). In comparison with the wild-type penA sequence, two specific Pen(i) sites were altered in all except two mosaic penA sequences, which were published in GenBank and no MICs of the corresponding isolates were described. In conclusion, monitoring the relationship between penA sequences and MICs to penicillins is crucial for developing fast and objective methods for susceptibility determination. By studying the penA gene, genotypical determination of susceptibility in culture-negative cases can also be accomplished.

title: Total variation in the penA gene of XXXX : correlation between susceptibility to @entity3405 antibiotics and penA gene heterogeneity.

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin G']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin', 'Ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis', 'N. meningitidis']

answer: @entity3631 :: (487,Species) :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Triple arthrodesis has long been used for the treatment of @entity158 or @entity625 of the hindfoot. However, the effect of fusion on adjacent joints has sparked interest in a more limited arthrodesis in @entity1 without involvement of the calcaneocuboid joint. METHOD: Results of 16 feet in 14 @entity1 who had a modified double arthrodesis for symptomatic flatfoot, @entity85 , or hindfoot @entity625 were reviewed retrospectively with a minimum followup of 18 (range 18 to 93) months. The most common diagnosis contributing to the @entity85 was @entity12318 . All operations were done with a consistent technique using rigid internal fixation with screws. In 15 feet, a concomitant gastrocnemius recession for equinus contracture was done at the time of the primary surgery. Clinical evaluation was based on the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Scale in addition to subjective assessments of @entity158 , function, shoewear, cosmesis, and overall satisfaction. Radiographic evaluation included measurements of the anterior-posterior talo-second metatarsal angle, lateral talocalcaneal angle, and lateral talo-first metatarsal angle, and notation of arthritic changes of the ankle, calcaneocuboid, and @entity2720 , as well as an assessment of time to union of all arthrodeses. RESULTS: The average AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Scale improved from 44.7 preoperatively to 77.0 postoperatively (p < 0.01). Subjectively, @entity1 experienced improvements in @entity158 , function, cosmesis, and shoewear. Overall, all @entity1 were satisfied and would have the procedure again under similar circumstances. Radiographically, all parameters statistically improved. There was an increase in arthritic scores for six ankle, six calcaneocuboid, and five @entity2720 . One @entity2720 occurred in a @entity309 @entity1 , requiring revision arthrodesis. CONCLUSIONS: We have concluded that simultaneous arthrodesis of the @entity2720 is a reasonable treatment in the subset of @entity1 with symptomatic @entity893 whose calcaneocuboid joints are not involved in the @entity66 .

title: Arthrodesis of the subtalar and @entity2720 for correction of symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity12318 :: ('MESH:D005413', 'Disease') :: ['pes planovalgus']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful malalignment', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['midfoot joints', 'talonavicular and subtalar joints', 'talonavicular joint nonunion']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['cavovarus deformity', 'hindfoot deformity']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['hindfoot malalignment']

answer: @entity893 :: (MESH:D017760,Disease) :: ['hindfoot malalignment']


abstract: There is accumulated evidence that the genes coding for the receptor of @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ), the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS, may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity1316 . In a previous study, we have found a genetic association between the @entity1246 -A receptor alpha5 subunit gene locus ( @entity13646 ) on chromosome 15q11-of 13 and @entity162 . The aim of the present study was to examine the same subjects to see if there exists a genetic association between @entity162 and the @entity1246 receptor beta3 subunit gene ( @entity28553 ), which is located within 100 kb from @entity13646 . The sample consisted of 48 @entity162 @entity1 compared to 44 controls (blood donors). All subjects were Greek, unrelated, and personally interviewed. Diagnosis was based on DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria. The marker used was a dinucleotide (CA) repeat polymorphism with 12 alleles 179 to 201 bp long; genotyping was successful in all @entity1 and 43 controls. The distribution of @entity28553 genotypes among the controls did not deviate significantly from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No differences in allelic frequencies between @entity162 @entity1 and controls were found for @entity28553 , while this locus and @entity13646 did not seem to be in significant linkage disequilibrium. In conclusion, the @entity28553 CA-repeat polymorphism we investigated does not present the observed association between @entity162 affective illness and @entity13646 . This could be due to higher mutation rate in the @entity28553 CA-repeat polymorphism, but it might also signify that @entity13646 is the gene actually associated with the disease.

title: @entity1246 -A receptor beta3 and alpha5 subunit gene cluster on chromosome 15q11-q13 and XXXX : a genetic association study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar affective disorder', 'bipolar']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although a large set of full-length transcripts was recently assembled in catfish, annotation of large gene families, especially those with duplications, is still a great challenge. Most often, complexities in annotation cause mis-identification and thereby much confusion in the scientific literature. As such, detailed phylogenetic analysis and/or orthology analysis are required for annotation of genes involved in gene families. The @entity855 -binding cassette (ABC) transporter gene superfamily is a large gene family that encodes membrane proteins that transport a diverse set of substrates across membranes, playing important roles in protecting organisms from diverse environment. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this work, we identified a set of 50 ABC transporters in catfish genome. Phylogenetic analysis allowed their identification and annotation into seven subfamilies, including 9 ABCA genes, 12 ABCB genes, 12 ABCC genes, 5 ABCD genes, 2 ABCE genes, 4 ABCF genes and 6 ABCG genes. Most ABC transporters are conserved among vertebrates, though cases of recent gene duplications and gene losses do exist. Gene duplications in catfish were found for @entity21123 , @entity22944 , @entity22321 , @entity22477 , @entity21552 , @entity43423 , @entity41022 and @entity10430 . CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The whole set of catfish ABC transporters provide the essential genomic resources for future biochemical, toxicological and physiological studies of ABC drug efflux transporters. The establishment of orthologies should allow functional inferences with the information from model species, though the function of lineage-specific genes can be distinct because of specific living environment with different selection pressure.

title: Genome-wide identification, characterization and phylogenetic analysis of 50 catfish XXXX -binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes.

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the production of type I interferon (IFN) by myoblasts and to identify its cell source and the link to Toll-like receptor (TLR) and @entity14002 ( @entity14002 ) expression and function in @entity5442 biopsy sections. METHODS: Production of @entity2391 was assessed in cultured myoblasts after stimulation with the @entity6800 agonist @entity14018 or with cytokines involved in @entity1198 and Th17 differentiation. Expression of HLA class I molecules by myoblasts was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting after activation of @entity6800 and @entity2391 neutralization. In muscle biopsy samples from @entity1 with @entity6558 or @entity6017 , expression of @entity2391 , @entity2940 (a marker of immature muscle precursors), and HLA class I was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Inflammatory infiltrates were characterized for the expression of myeloid dendritic cells (DCs), their associated CLRs, and the products of activated DCs, interleukin-12 (IL-12), and @entity4452 . RESULTS: In cultured myoblasts, stimulation of @entity6800 induced the production of @entity2391 when combined with IFNy and up-regulated the expression of HLA class I molecules, which was decreased after @entity2391 blockade. In @entity5442 biopsy tissues, immature muscle precursors overexpressing HLA class I were identified as a source of @entity2391 . CLRs associated with myeloid DCs were broadly expressed in inflammatory infiltrates, in association with IL-12 and @entity4452 , and with immature muscle precursors. CONCLUSION: Immature muscle precursors may represent a local source of @entity2391 and the target of an immune response involving activated DCs associated with the expression of CLRs and of IL-12 and @entity4452 , which are implicated in T cell polarization. In turn, such local production of @entity2391 after @entity6800 activation in the presence of the @entity1198 cytokine IFNy may explain HLA class I overexpression in @entity5442 .

title: Immature muscle precursors are a source of interferon-b in XXXX : role of Toll-like receptor 3 activation and contribution to HLA class I up-regulation.

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity14002 :: ('338339', 'Gene') :: ['CLR', 'C-type lectin receptor']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['polymyositis']

answer: @entity5442 :: (MESH:D009220,Disease) :: ['myositis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The increasing interest in diffusion-weighted MRI (MRI) for diagnosis and monitoring of acute @entity64 in @entity1 calls for a sound understanding of the underlying mechanisms of this image contrast in @entity2806 . The present study aimed to show that a rapid decrease in brain-water apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) occurs coincident with anoxic depolarization and that this change is delayed by @entity4854 and @entity1372 channel blockade but accelerated by @entity4053 . METHODS: @entity35 were divided into groups: normoglycemic, hypoglycemic, and @entity1602 , and those given local @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ) application. @entity1167 was effected by intravenous @entity4338 injection during serial high-speed diffusion and blood oxygenation-sensitive gradient-recalled echo MRI. Brain DC potential was recorded simultaneously. Serial ADC maps were calculated from the diffusion-weighted data and fitted to a model function to measure the delay between @entity1167 and rapid ADC decrease. RESULTS: The time of anoxic depolarization indicated by DC change agreed well with the rapid drop in ADC in all groups; both were accelerated with @entity4053 and delayed by @entity4854 . A more gradual ADC decline occurred before anoxic depolarization, which was more pronounced in @entity1602 animals and less pronounced in hypoglycemic animals. Rapid drop in ADC was also delayed by local @entity4524 application. Changes in gradient-recalled echo image intensity were not significantly different among groups. CONCLUSIONS: While much of the ADC decrease in @entity63 occurs during anoxic depolarization, significant but gradual ADC changes occur earlier that may not be due to a massive loss in ion homeostasis.

title: Rapid monitoring of diffusion, DC potential, and blood oxygenation changes during global @entity63 . Effects of @entity4053 , XXXX , and @entity4524 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'Cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: Forty-five @entity1 with @entity439 of the anterior cerebral artery distal to the anterior communicating artery were operated on by a direct approach method in the years 1960-1973. The incidence of @entity439 in this location was 4.8% of the total 1,000 @entity439 . It is of upmost importance in the treatment of @entity439 to insure the parent artery for the purpose of temporary occlusion. This makes it easier and safer to approach the @entity439 and to handle possible premature @entity1756 . From this technical standpoint, the @entity439 in this location were classified into two types, ascending and horizontal. @entity438 between the origin of the anterior communicating artery and the knee of the corpus callosum were designated as the @entity439 of the ascending portion, whereas the @entity438 from the knee of the corpus callosum and beyond were designated as the @entity439 of the horizontal portion. Depending on the location of the @entity439 , craniotomy was performed at one of two different sites. For @entity439 of the ascending portion, bifrontal craniotomy was determined and applied as the safest approach. A small parasagittal craniotomy was determined to be sufficient for @entity439 of the horizontal portion. Although the total operative mortality was 4 of 45 cases (9.0%), no mortalities nor morbidities occurred in the last 12 cases since 1972, when the sites of craniotomies were differenciated.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms of the pericallosal artery', 'Aneurysms of the pericallosal artery']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysmal neck', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal rupture']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Surgical strategies for the decompression of @entity2649 have evolved to include minimally invasive techniques providing for adequate and safe decompression while reducing perioperative morbidity. Retrospective case series analysis of 220 consecutive @entity1 with @entity2649 who underwent microscopic or microendoscopic minimally invasive decompression was performed. The objective was to evaluate the risks associated with performing a minimally invasive decompression for @entity612 in a large group of @entity1 . METHODS: Two hundred twenty @entity1 with symptomatic @entity613 from @entity2649 failing nonoperative treatment received a minimally invasive decompression surgery. Intraoperative data, postoperative data through hospital discharge, and clinical follow-up were analyzed. RESULTS: The average age was 74.2 years (range 49-98 years). There were 379 spinal levels decompressed in 220 @entity1 . Sixty-nine @entity1 (31.4%) had a grade 1 degenerative spondylolisthesis. One hundred sixty-eight @entity1 (76%) received spinal anesthesia, and 52 received general anesthesia. Eighty-seven @entity1 (40%) had a preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists score of 3 or 4. Average operative @entity190 was 92 mL. There were 17 intraoperative durotomies (4.5% rate). The average length of stay before discharge was 1.2 days. Ten @entity1 went to inpatient rehabilitation at discharge. One hundred ninety-four @entity1 (88.2%) were discharged within 24 hours. There were five readmissions within the first month after discharge, four of those for medical complications. There were 24 minor complications and 14 major complications. Forty-two @entity1 (19%) took no oral or parenteral @entity158 medications in the postanesthesia to discharge period. CONCLUSION: Minimally invasive decompression strategies for @entity612 seem consistently to result in short hospital lengths of stay, minimal requirements for @entity158 medications, and a low rate of readmission and complications.

title: Complications associated with minimally invasive decompression for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic claudication']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['narcotic pain']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Identification of @entity29 ( @entity29 ) susceptibility genes is key to understanding pathogenic mechanisms. Recently, the North American @entity29 Genetics Consortium provided compelling evidence for an association between ileal @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and the @entity14283 gene using genome-wide association scanning. External replication is a priority, both to confirm this finding in other populations and to validate this new technique. We tested for association between @entity14283 and @entity29 in a large independent UK panel to determine the size of the effect and explore subphenotype correlation and interaction with @entity6820 . METHODS: Eight single nucleotide polymorphism markers in @entity14283 tested in the North American study were genotyped in 1902 cases of @entity30 ( @entity30 ), 975 cases of @entity31 ( @entity31 ), and 1345 controls using MassARRAY. Data were analyzed using chi(2) statistics, and subgroup association was sought. RESULTS: A highly significant association with @entity30 was observed, with the strongest signal at coding variant @entity37872 (allele frequency, 2.5% in @entity30 vs 6.2% in controls [P = 1.1 x 10(-12)]; odds ratio, 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.29-0.50). A weaker effect was seen in @entity31 (allele frequency, 4.6%; odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.55-0.96). Analysis accounting for @entity37872 suggested that other loci within @entity14283 also influence @entity29 susceptibility. Within @entity30 , there were no subphenotype associations or evidence of interaction with @entity6820 . CONCLUSIONS: This study shows an association between @entity14283 and all subphenotypes of @entity30 with a smaller effect on @entity31 . This extends the findings of the North American study, providing clear evidence that genome-wide association scanning can successfully identify true complex disease genes.

title: @entity14283 variation determines susceptibility but not disease phenotype in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity37872 :: ('p|SUB|R|381|Q', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Arg381Gln']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: Sporadic @entity1 @entity977 are benign adenomas of monoclonal origin. This implies that they arise from de novo somatic mutation(s) within a single pituitary cell. The availability of original and recurrent/regrown @entity5 from the same @entity1 allowed testing of the prediction that recurrent/regrown @entity5 have @entity74 as the original @entity5 sample. We used PCR amplification, from archival slide-extracted DNA, to allelotype microsatellite polymorphisms as an indication of clonality and confirmed this by X chromosome inactivation analysis in samples from @entity1 . @entity5 from 33 of 49 (67%) @entity1 with two or more specimens showed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of at least one marker in at least one of their samples. Two patterns of LOH were observed. In pattern A in 14 of 33 (42%) of @entity1 , the LOH pattern of the first @entity5 was preserved in the second recurrent sample, with some recurrent @entity5 also showing additional LOH. In these @entity1 , the original and second @entity5 are presumed to arise from the same original clone with or without progressive accumulation of LOH. In pattern B [19 of 33 (58%) @entity1 ], LOH seen in the first @entity5 was not preserved in the second or subsequent @entity5 , as evidenced by retention of heterozygosity compared with the first @entity5 . The simplest explanation is that the second @entity5 , although still monoclonal, arises from another independently abnormal clone. This was confirmed by X chromosome inactivation analysis in all 11 @entity1 where this was informative. These results show that initial and recurrent @entity5 , of a @entity5 type, are frequently derived from separate independent clones. This suggests that either: (a) more than one abnormal clone is present from the outset though only one dominates; or (b) several clones arise independently at different times. In both scenarios, the initiating event(s) that predisposes to transformation might result in @entity1373 , possibly as a consequence of exogenous stimulation.

title: Different patterns of allelic loss (loss of heterozygosity) in recurrent XXXX @entity977 provide evidence for multiclonal origins.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'benign tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['multiclonal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['identical genetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of opioids as analgesics is becoming increasingly widespread, which may have repercussions in @entity1 with @entity110 or @entity565 , as these agents frequently cause adverse reactions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present three @entity1 who developed @entity56 after receiving @entity10425 : two @entity1 who developed acute @entity110 , and a third @entity748 @entity1 receiving specific immunotherapy who developed @entity5143 . Skin prick-testing (SPT) and intradermal reaction (IDR) tests with various opioids were performed, followed by controlled oral challenge. Prick tests and IDR were also carried out in 20 controls. RESULTS: Similar SPT and IDR results were recorded in the three @entity1 and in the controls. In the case of controlled oral challenge with codeine, @entity1 1 suffered @entity5143 , while @entity1 2 developed generalized @entity110 . The test was not performed in the third @entity1 . All of the @entity1 tolerated @entity1340 50 mg without problems. We advised the use of @entity1340 as analgesic and @entity3575 or @entity1937 as anesthetics. DISCUSSION: In these types of manifestation, the pharmacological properties of the opioids used are highly important, particularly as regards their @entity112 -releasing potential. @entity10425 , @entity1286 and @entity6882 present the greatest @entity112 -releasing capacity, while @entity1340 , @entity3575 and @entity1937 do not release @entity112 and their use is thus recommended in @entity358 requiring opioid administration. Cutaneous symptoms are more frequently caused by opioids than by respiratory symptoms, since these drugs act on the MTC mast cell population, which is more prevalent in the skin than in the lungs. Some of this action is inhibited by @entity1510 . CONCLUSIONS: In most @entity1 , these reactions are not IgE-mediated. Consequently, SPT and IDR are of little diagnostic value, and controlled oral challenging with the suspect drug or with one of the non- @entity112 releasing agents should be used. The patch test is useful in occupational contact @entity1909 .

title: Pharmacological stimuli in XXXX / @entity110 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['pethidine']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity10425 :: ('MESH:D003061', 'Chemical') :: ['codeine', 'Codeine']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Lateral progression of @entity625 following medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), although infrequent, is still the most common reason for revision surgery. Treatment options normally include conversion to total knee arthroplasty. An alternative strategy for some @entity1 may be addition of a lateral UKA. We report the first results of staged bi-compartmental UKA (Bi-UKA) strategy. METHODS: We retrospectively selected from our UKA database @entity1 who underwent a lateral UKA to treat a symptomatic @entity571 after a medial UKA. The analysis included a clinical and radiological assessment of each @entity1 . RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 for a total of 27 knees of staged Bi-UKA were carried out in a single centre. The mean time interval between primary medial UKA and the subsequent lateral UKA was 8.1  years (SD      4.6  years). The mean age at the time of the Bi-UKA was 77.1  years (SD      6.5  years). The median hospital stay was 3 (range 2-9  days) days, and the mean follow-up after Bi-UKA was 4  years (SD      1.9  years). The functional scores showed a significant improvement as compared to the pre-operative status (paired t test, p  =  0.003). There were no radiological evidences of failure. None of the @entity1 needed blood transfusion, and there was no significant complications related to the surgical procedure without further surgeries or revisions at final follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that addition of a lateral UKA for @entity625 progression following medial UKA is a good option in appropriately selected @entity1 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Observational study without controls, Level IV.

title: Lateral unicompartmental knee replacement for the treatment of XXXX progression after medial unicompartmental replacement.

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['lateral osteoarthritis progression']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this follow-up study was to find out if severely injured @entity1 with @entity881 ( @entity881 ) show any organotopic sequelae in the late course. Additionally the occupational rehabilitation result as well as the reasons for a poor occupational result were investigated. METHODS: A total of 50 @entity881 @entity1 with an injury severity of 45.3 +/- 2.1 PTS points were followed up 4.9 +/- 0.3 years after @entity130 . In order to show any organotopic sequelae, @entity1 were examined and laboratory tests for the function of the lungs (function test, Horovitz-quotient), liver ( @entity648 , GOT, bleeding time), and kidnies ( @entity1011 , @entity1133 ) were performed. The functional (locomotion and neurological system) and occupational rehabilitation results as well as the reasons for a poor occupational result were analysed. RESULTS: The clinical examination as well the functional and laboratory tests showed mainly normal results but in in 25% of the @entity1 a significantly decreased range of motion of the elbow, hip, knee and ankle joint was found. The "return to work rate" was 64%. Reasons for a poor occupational result were the severity of @entity542 , a decreased range of motion of the hip joint and general physical fitness. CONCLUSIONS: Severely injured @entity1 who survive @entity881 during their intensive care treatment, show no sequelae of organ failure. The occupational rehabilitation results were excellent with a "return to work rate" of 64% which was dependent on the severity of @entity542 , a decreased range of motion of the hip joint and general physical fitness.

title: [Long-term outcome after XXXX following severe @entity130 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['MOF', 'multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity881 :: (MESH:D009102,Disease) :: ['multiple organ failure']


abstract: Voluntary drug intoxications are not systematically recorded. Main aspects of this important problem have been studied in the unit responsible for medico-psychological emergencies in the university hospital of Poitiers. Files of all @entity1 admitted to the unit from January to December 1994 have been analysed and 598 @entity1 were included in our study. Of these, 67 per cent were females. 31 per cent were 20 to 29 years old and for the most part unemployed (62.5 per cent). Drugs most commonly used are @entity1245 (39 per cent), alone or often associated with @entity167 (33 per cent). A fatal outcome was observed in one @entity1 . In many cases (50 per cent) this was not the first episode of @entity8769 ; 53 per cent of the @entity1 were discharged from hospital after a @entity146 consultation. For many years, @entity8769 frequency has increased continually. All cases have a specific intention that we have to clarify in order to take effective preventive measures to prevent recidivism.

title: [Study of XXXX in an emergency unit].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity8769 :: ('MESH:D000435', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary intoxication', 'voluntary drug intoxication']

answer: @entity8769 :: (MESH:D000435,Disease) :: ['voluntary drug intoxication']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A case-control study of prospectively collected data was performed. OBJECTIVES: To compare anorectal biofeedback (BF) outcomes in @entity1 with incomplete motor @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) and @entity3501 ( @entity3501 ) with a group of functional @entity74 -matched control @entity1 . SETTING: Neurogastroenterology Unit affiliated with a @entity3510 Unit in a tertiary referral centre in Sydney, Australia. METHODS: All consecutive @entity1 with @entity1566 and @entity3501 referred for anorectal manometry and BF were matched in a 1:2 ratio with age, gender, parity and functional @entity74 -matched control @entity1 . Instrumented BF was performed in six nurse-guided weekly visits. Outcomes included changes in anorectal physiology measures, symptom scores and quality-of-life measures. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 were included. These were matched with 42 @entity1 controls. Following BF, symptom scores improved significantly in both groups, as did effect of @entity29 on quality of life. Improvement in these measures did not differ between the groups. @entity1 with @entity1566 and @entity3501 showed improvement in their sensory and motor anorectal function, including lowering of first sensation threshold and more effective balloon expulsion. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with incomplete motor @entity1566 responded as well to anorectal BF as functional @entity74 -matched controls. Spinal cord-injured @entity1 also showed improvement in anorectal sensorimotor dysfunction and balloon expulsion. These novel findings indicate that clinicians should not be dissuaded from considering behaviour-based therapeutic interventions such as anorectal BF in selected spinal cord-injured @entity1 .Spinal Cord advance online publication, 17 May 2016; doi:10.1038/sc.2016.67.

title: Anorectal biofeedback for @entity3501 in incomplete XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3501 :: ('MESH:D055496', 'Disease') :: ['NBD', 'neurogenic bowel dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal disorder']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: Studies of @entity56 to mechanical stimuli after incisional surgery suggest that @entity9774 , but not @entity4665 , in the spinal cord participates in @entity282 . In the current study, we sought to determine the role of COX isoenzymes after laparotomy, examining spontaneous exploratory behavior rather than withdrawal reflexes. Adult male @entity35 underwent subcostal laparotomy surgery under @entity5161 anesthesia or received anesthesia without surgery. Exploratory locomotor activity was measured on the first postoperative day after intrathecal injection of @entity3733 (vehicle) or @entity9774 ( @entity16539 ) or @entity4665 ( @entity8228 ) inhibitors. @entity4764 , rearing, and rapid small movements (stereotypy) similarly in animals without intrathecal catheters and those receiving intrathecal vehicle control. @entity16539 produced a dose-related return to normal exploratory behavior with complete return at doses of 20 mug and larger. In contrast, @entity8228 in doses up to 50 mug failed to increase exploratory behavior. These data with exploratory behavior and laparotomy agree with studies with reflexive withdrawal responses after incisional surgery and indicate that @entity9774 inhibition reduces @entity158 responses after surgery. Spinal @entity9774 inhibition completely restores exploratory activity, including rearing behavior that stretches the abdominal muscles. These data suggest that targeting @entity9774 in the spinal cord may produce @entity86 .

title: Intrathecal administration of a cylcooxygenase-1, but not a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, reverses the effects of laparotomy on exploratory activity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative analgesia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity4764 :: ('MESH:D051346', 'Disease') :: ['Laparotomy reduced ambulation']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because @entity4341 is used to assess heart rate (HR) variability, we investigated whether a low HR response during @entity4341 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in @entity1 with @entity6 indicates the presence of @entity299 ( @entity299 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Subjects were 61 non-insulin-dependent @entity6 @entity1 without perfusion defects, @entity583 , or @entity943 who underwent thallium 201 SPECT imaging. The control group comprised 28 subjects without @entity6 . HR was measured during infusion of @entity4341 at a rate of 0.14 mg/kg/min, and peak-baseline ratios of 1.20 or less were defined as low. @entity299 severity was classified by standard autonomic function tests as severe (n = 22), mild (n = 19), or none (n = 20). HR ratios were significantly attenuated in @entity1 with @entity6 compared with those in control subjects (1.22 +/- 0.12 vs 1.32 +/- 0.12, P <.001). Among the @entity1 with @entity6 , HR ratios decreased as @entity299 severity increased from none (1.32 +/- 0.10) to mild (1.23 +/- 0.12, P <.05) to severe (1.13 +/- 0.08, P <.005). There was good correlation between HR ratio and R-R interval ratio to deep breathing and to Valsalva, and @entity1 with low HR ratios showed an attenuated response to both tests (all P <.001). The sensitivity and specificity of HR ratios in the detection of @entity299 were 77% and 74% for severe @entity299 and 63% and 90% for mild-to-severe @entity299 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity6 who have normal @entity4341 SPECT results, an attenuated HR response observed during stress indicates a high likelihood of @entity299 . Further work that assesses these results in @entity6 @entity1 with @entity453 is warranted.

title: @entity4341 myocardial SPECT with low heart rate response indicates cardiac autonomic dysfunction in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac autonomic neuropathy', 'CAN']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aberrant expression of cadherins and catenins plays pivotal roles in @entity43 development and progression. Plakoglobin (PG, y-catenin) is a paralog of @entity3546 with dual adhesive and signaling functions. While @entity3546 has known oncogenic function, PG generally acts as a @entity5 / @entity3 suppressor. We recently showed that PG interacted with @entity876 and that its growth/ @entity3 inhibitory function may be mediated by this interaction. Very little is known about the role of PG in @entity43 . Here, we investigated the in vitro @entity5 / @entity3 suppressor effects of PG in @entity43 cell lines with mutant @entity876 expression and different cadherin profiles. We showed that the @entity6076 expressing and @entity5962 and PG deficient @entity1 cells were highly migratory and invasive, whereas @entity1 cells that express @entity5962 , PG and very little/no @entity6076 were not. Exogenous expression of PG or @entity5962 or @entity6076 knockdown in @entity1 cells (ES-2-E-cad, ES-2-PG and ES-2-shN-cad) significantly reduced their migration and invasion. Also, PG expression or @entity6076 knockdown significantly decreased @entity1 cells growth. Furthermore, PG interacted with both cadherins and with wild type and mutant @entity876 in normal ovarian and @entity1 -PG cell lines, respectively.

title: Plakoglobin Reduces the in vitro Growth, Migration and Invasion of @entity43 Cells Expressing XXXX and Mutant @entity876 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity6076 :: (1000,Gene) :: ['N-Cadherin']


abstract: A @entity12810 ( @entity12810 ) gene is considered to be a model system for studies of developmentally-regulated, lineage-specific gene expression. For the @entity12811 gene expression, it has been shown that the enhancer region located at 3.0 kb in @entity19 or 4.5 kb in @entity1 downstream of @entity12810 C alpha gene is essential. The enchancer is demonstrated to contain at least four nuclear protein binding sites called T alpha 1-T alpha 4. In this report, we analysed the molecular requirement for @entity19 @entity12811 gene enhancer function by using in vitro mutagenesis system and CAT assay, and obtained the following results: 1. The T alpha 2 element, especially ACATCC sequence, is important for enhancer activity, because the mutation in the sequence completely abolished the activity. 2. The sequence TCTGG near by the ACATCC sequence seems also important for the enhancer function, since the mutation lost the half of the activity. 3. The @entity10138 , which is known to bind the ACATCC site, upregulates the enhancer activity of the reporter gene containing the concatemers of T alpha 2 region. The results indicate that @entity10138 has a trans-activating activity to the T alpha 2 region of @entity12811 chain enhancer.

title: [Regulation of XXXX alpha chain gene expression].

answer: @entity12810 :: (328483(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['T cell antigen receptor']


abstract: In this paper we present data collection and methods for the selection of a model class with the goal of automated @entity4094 ( @entity4094 ). Neuromuscular response was measured in the presence of @entity2898 in @entity95 (N=5) and @entity1 (N=14). An average response was formed and used to determine optimal @entity23019 and Laguerre representations for a wide range of orders and parameters. A 6th order Laguerre model was selected based on its accuracy and simplicity. Models were identified for each subject. For each group, variation was measured by comparison to the average response. The standard deviation of the average impulse response static gain was 45.4 and 45.8% of the mean for the @entity95 and @entity1 models, respectively. The range of static gain was 121 and 159% of the mean for the @entity95 and @entity1 datasets. Frequency domain analysis showed differences in gain of 12 and 15dB, and phase of 45 and 75_#176; for the @entity95 and @entity1 models respectively. With this knowledge, design and development of appropriate controllers for @entity4094 will proceed.

title: Modelling for computer controlled XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['NMB', 'neuromuscular blockade']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['neuromuscular blockade']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated the efficacy and @entity137 of radiotherapy (RT) in @entity1 with low-grade @entity6595 . METHODS: A retrospective review of consecutive cases of @entity6595 treated by radical RT at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Radiation Oncology Victoria between January 1980 and September 2003 was carried out. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 (11 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 ) were identified. The median age at commencement of RT was 65 years (range 42-84 years). Prior treatment included @entity1534 eradication in 12 @entity1 , chemotherapy in 7 and surgery in 2, whereas 2 @entity1 had no prior therapy. The median time to progression after commencement of last treatment before RT was 4.8 months (range 0-129.4 months). The radiation fields included the stomach plus perigastric and coeliac nodes in 15 @entity1 (83%), stomach plus spleen in 2 @entity1 (11%) and stomach plus para-aortic nodes in 1 @entity1 (6%). The median RT dose was 30 Gy (range 30-36 Gy) in a median 20 fractions (range 17-24 fractions). One @entity1 required treatment interruption for acute @entity137 . A complete response on post-RT biopsies was achieved in 17 of 18 @entity1 (94%). With a median follow up of 4.5 years after RT, 3 of these 17 @entity1 (18%) have had a recurrence. At the last follow up, 11 @entity1 were alive in continuous complete histological remission. No late @entity8 was identified. CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy is an effective, well-tolerated treatment for @entity1 with low-grade @entity6595 , including those who have had prior therapy.

title: Radiotherapy for low-grade XXXX : a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric marginal zone lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

answer: @entity6595 :: (MESH:C535648,Disease) :: ['gastric marginal zone lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate whether an accelerated-intensified @entity786 , @entity1259 , and @entity1487 (CEF) chemotherapy regimen with the support of @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) induces a higher activity and efficacy compared with standard CEF in metastatic @entity0 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Stage IV @entity0 @entity1 were randomized to receive as first-line chemotherapy either standard CEF ( @entity786 600 mg/m(2), @entity1259 60 mg/m(2), and @entity1487 600 mg/m(2)) administered every 21 days (CEF21) or accelerated-intensified CEF ( @entity786 1,000 mg/m(2), @entity1259 80 mg/m(2), and @entity1487 600 mg/m(2)) administered every 14 days ( @entity2033 ) with the support of @entity1261 . Treatment was administered for eight cycles. RESULTS: A total of 151 @entity1 were randomized (74 @entity1 on the CEF21 arm and 77 on the @entity2033 arm). In both arms, the median number of administered cycles was eight. The dose-intensity actually administered was 93% and 86% of that planned, in CEF21- and @entity2033 -treated @entity1 , respectively. Compared with the CEF21 arm, the dose-intensity increase in the @entity2033 arm was 80%. Both nonhematologic and hematologic @entity137 were higher in the @entity2033 arm than in the CEF21 arm. During chemotherapy, four @entity204 occurred in the @entity2033 arm. No difference in overall response rate (complete plus partial responses) was observed: 49% and 51% in the CEF21 and @entity2033 arms, respectively (P =.94). A slightly non-statistically significant higher percentage of complete response was observed in the @entity2033 arm (20% v 15%). No difference in efficacy was observed. The median time to progression was 14.3 and 12.8 months in the CEF21 and @entity2033 arms, respectively (P =.69). Median overall survival was 32.7 and 27.2 months in the CEF21 and @entity2033 arms, respectively (P =.16). CONCLUSION: In metastatic @entity0 @entity1 , an 80% increase in dose-intensity of the CEF regimen, obtained by both acceleration and dose intensification, does not improve the activity and the efficacy compared with a standard dose-intensity CEF regimen.

title: Accelerated-intensified @entity786 , @entity1259 , and XXXX (CEF) compared with standard CEF in metastatic @entity0 @entity1 : results of a multicenter, randomized phase III study of the Italian Gruppo Oncologico Nord-Ouest-Mammella Inter Gruppo Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['fluorouracil']


abstract: A fifty-year-old female @entity1 , with a history of @entity6865 of the left hand and right ankle, complained of @entity158 in her right knee. The skin was slightly oedematous and red, whereas the knee X-ray was quite normal. These findings were thought to be related to another episode of @entity6865 , and treatment with continuous epidural @entity1286 and @entity3303 was prescribed. Catheter insertion was uneventful. However, the lack of @entity158 relief led to the suspicion of @entity9 . Plain X-ray films of the lumbar spine showed the epidural catheter to be passing through the @entity11376 foramen. The catheter was removed. The development of @entity221 and major inflammatory signs of the knee revealed @entity625 . This case stresses the need for careful repeated clinical examination in order to make the right diagnosis. On the other hand, when the expected effect of drugs administered by the epidural route fails to appear, the catheter's position should be promptly checked by X-ray.

title: [Treatment of XXXX of the knee: diagnostic error and misplacement of the peridural catheter].

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['gout arthritis']

entities_list: @entity6865 :: ('MESH:D012019', 'Disease') :: ['reflex sympathetic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neuralgia']

answer: @entity6865 :: (MESH:D012019,Disease) :: ['algodystrophy']


abstract: Probiotics and milk @entity460 may increase resistance to @entity281 , but their effect on growth and @entity68 and @entity219 status of Indonesian @entity1 is uncertain. We investigated the hypotheses that @entity291 milk with added probiotics would improve growth and @entity68 and @entity219 status of Indonesian @entity1 , whereas milk @entity460 alone would improve growth but reduce @entity68 and @entity219 status. A 6-mo randomized trial was conducted in low-socioeconomic urban communities of Jakarta. Healthy @entity1 (n = 494) were randomly assigned to receive low- @entity1132 milk with a low @entity460 content of    50 mg/d (LC; n = 124), a regular @entity460 content of    440 mg/d (RC group; n = 126), regular @entity460 with 5   10(8) CFU/d @entity6329 @entity6329 CRL 431 ( @entity6329 ; n = 120), or regular @entity460 with 5   10(8) CFU/d @entity6374 DSM 17938 ( @entity6374 ; n = 124). Growth, @entity417 , and @entity68 and @entity219 status were assessed before and after the intervention. Compared with the RC group, the @entity6374 group had significantly greater @entity1017 [0.22 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.42) kg], weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) changes [0.09 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.17)], and monthly weight [0.03 (95% CI: 0.002, 0.05) kg/mo] and height [0.03 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.05) cm/mo] velocities. @entity6329 significantly increased monthly weight velocity [0.03 (95% CI: 0.001, 0.05) kg/mo], but not height. However, the changes in underweight, stunting, @entity417 prevalence, and @entity68 and @entity219 status were similar between groups. In conclusion, @entity6374 DSM 17938 modestly improved growth by increasing @entity1017 , WAZ changes, and weight and height velocity, whereas @entity6329 CRL 431 modestly improved weight velocity. Independent from probiotics supplementation, regular milk @entity460 did not affect growth or @entity68 and @entity219 status.

title: Probiotics @entity6374 DSM 17938 and @entity6329 @entity6329 CRL 431 modestly increase growth, but not XXXX and @entity219 status, among Indonesian @entity1 aged 1-6 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6329 :: ('1582', 'Species') :: ['Casei', 'L. casei', 'Lactobacillus', 'casei']

entities_list: @entity6374 :: ('1598', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus reuteri', 'L. reuteri', 'reuteri']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal infection']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: Like many developing countries, the Central African Republic lacks the technology and skills to perform certain medical procedures. One example of this situation can be found in the Pediatric Surgery Department of Bangui with regard to first intention management of supracondylar fractures of the humerus ( @entity6826 ). Due to a lack of proper technological facilities (e.g. absence of brightness enhancement) and to insufficient staff training, management of @entity6826 must be limited to orthopedic reduction followed cast application and brachio-anti-brachio-palmar traction such problems. This retrospective study describes management of 119 cases of @entity6826 involving @entity1 between the ages of 0 and 15 years. Special emphasis was placed on factors impairing outcome, namely, inadequate staff training, availability of brightness enhancement, and poor awareness on the part of the parents concerning the seriousness of @entity6826 . The quality of reduction was compared according to whether reduction was done with or without brightness enhancement (reduction without brightness enhancement was imperfect in most cases: 78/119) and according to @entity174 grade (high number of imperfect reductions in grade 3 and 4:69%). Assessment of outcome at one month showed a high incidence of poor results due to severe @entity174 or imperfect reduction. A prospective study including 35 cases with a follow-up of three years showed poor results for the same reasons. Comparison of these results with those reported by previous authors showed a large gap which must be filled by upgrading technical facilities and training staff.

title: [Difficulties in the management of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in XXXX living in Central African Republic].

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity4195 (GAS) is a @entity1 pathogen that causes @entity7551 and @entity3 such as @entity137 and @entity295 . The upper respiratory tract is the primary reservoir from which GAS can infect new hosts and cause disease. The factors involved in colonisation are incompletely known however. Previous evidence in oral streptococci has shown that the AgI/II family proteins are involved. We hypothesized that the AspA member of this family might be involved in GAS colonization. We describe a novel @entity19 model of GAS colonization of the nasopharynx and lower respiratory tract to elucidate these interactions. We used two clinical M serotypes expressing AspA, and their aspA gene deletant isogenic mutants in experiments using adherence assays to respiratory epithelium, macrophage phagocytosis and neutrophil killing assays and in vivo models of respiratory tract colonisation and infection. We demonstrated the requirement for AspA in colonization of the respiratory tract. AspA mutants were cleared from the respiratory tract and were deficient in adherence to epithelial cells, and susceptible to phagocytosis. Expression of AspA in the surrogate host @entity7878 protected bacteria from phagocytosis. Our results suggest that AspA has an essential role in @entity1729 , and may function as a novel anti-phagocytic factor.

title: The AgI/II family adhesin AspA is required for XXXX by @entity4195 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive diseases']

entities_list: @entity7878 :: ('1358', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We wanted to study the symptoms in @entity923 , evaluate postsurgical median nerve recovery in elderly @entity1 compared to younger @entity1 , and investigate the clinical development and median nerve changes in non-operated cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 92 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity923 on the basis of clinical symptoms and neurophysiological findings. Neurophysiological data from elderly operated (70-89 years), younger operated (30-69 years) and non-operated (25-83 years) @entity1 were analysed separately. RESULTS: The most common symptoms were @entity809 in the third (97%) and second (88%) digits, @entity809 (88%), increased symptoms when at work (78%), and @entity158 in the hand (72%). Paresthesia in the entire hand (30%) and @entity158 in the entire arm (55%) were common. Median nerve recovery in the elderly @entity1 was comparable to the results in the younger operated @entity1 . Some @entity1 recovered clinically with normalisation of the median nerve without surgery. INTERPRETATION: @entity923 will often have symptoms outside the median nerve territory. Elderly @entity1 should be operated on the same indications as those applied to younger @entity1 . @entity1 with no neurological findings may be monitored without surgery.

title: [Symptoms and clinical course in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome', 'Carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesia', 'nocturnal paresthesia']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']


abstract: The localization of substance @entity10133 ) or a SP-like peptide in cultured ganglia from @entity1573 embryos was studied by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Ganglia from 8-16 days old @entity1573 embryos and from newly hatched @entity1573 were cultured in a control medium or in the presence of @entity10490 ( @entity10490 ). Addition of @entity3812 and exposure to different explanted peripheral tissues were also tried. Ganglia from the younger embryos (8-12 days) cultured for 24 h with added @entity10490 showed a weak SP-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) in some cell bodies and strong specific immunofluorescence in nerve fibres growing out from the ganglia. In spinal ganglia of the older embryos (14 and 16 days) and newly hatched @entity1573 cultured with and without @entity10490 the concentration of SPLI in the cell bodies was considerably higher. Addition of colchicine to spinal ganglia cultured 12 h in @entity10490 -medium, resulted in retraction of nerve fibres and strongly fluorescent, expanded nerve fibres were observed in peripheral parts of the ganglia. Explants of skin placed near the spinal ganglia stimulated the outgrowth of fibres, some of them containing SPLI. A few fluorescent fibres were also seen within the skin explants. Also heart tissue explants stimulated outgrowth of nerve fibres, but innervation of these explants with SPLI-containing nerves could not be observed. Nerve fibre-extension from the spinal ganglia was not stimulated by spinal cord explants. The present results support the existence of SP-containing primary sensory neurons in @entity1573 .

title: Substance P-like immunoreactivity in cultured spinal ganglia from XXXX embryos.

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: Activated phagocyte cells generate @entity9784 ( @entity9785 ) via the release of @entity274 and the enzyme @entity3335 . Plasma proteins are major targets for @entity9785 , although little information is available about the mechanism(s) of oxidation. In this study the reaction of @entity9785 (at least 50 microM) with diluted fresh @entity1 plasma has been shown to generate material that oxidizes @entity39562 ; these oxidants are believed to be @entity13492 formed from the reaction of @entity9785 with protein @entity6115 groups. @entity13492 have also been detected with isolated plasma proteins treated with @entity9785 . In both cases @entity8013 formation accounts for approx. 20-30% of the added @entity9785 . These @entity13492 decompose in a time-dependent manner when incubated at 20 or 37 degrees C but not at 4 degrees C. @entity9050 and urate remove these @entity13492 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, with the former being more efficient. The reaction of fresh diluted plasma with @entity9785 also gives rise to protein-derived @entity1568 -centred radicals in a time- and @entity9785 -concentration-dependent manner; these have been detected by EPR spin trapping. Identical radicals have been detected with isolated @entity9785 -treated plasma proteins. Radical formation was inhibited by excess @entity1853 , implicating protein-derived @entity13492 (probably from @entity376 side chains) as the radical source. Plasma @entity1949 occurs in a time- and @entity9785 -concentration-dependent manner, as evidenced by the increased mobility of the EPR spin adducts, the detection of further radical species believed to be intermediates in protein degradation and the loss of the parent protein bands on @entity214 /PAGE. Fragmentation can be inhibited by @entity1853 and other agents ( @entity9050 , urate, @entity22143 or @entity2197 ) capable of removing @entity13492 and reactive radicals. These results are consistent with protein-derived @entity13492 , and the radicals derived from them, as contributing agents in @entity9785 -induced plasma protein oxidation.

title: @entity9784 -induced oxidation of proteins in plasma: formation of @entity13492 and @entity1568 -centred radicals and their role in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9784 :: ('MESH:D006997', 'Chemical') :: ['hypochlorite']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['protein fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity39562 :: ('MESH:C011136', 'Chemical') :: ['5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid']

entities_list: @entity8013 :: ('MESH:C030816', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramine']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity13492 :: ('MESH:D002700', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramines', 'Chloramines']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate', 'Ascorbate']

answer: @entity1949 :: (MESH:D012892,Disease) :: ['protein fragmentation']


abstract: A sudden @entity393 (SHL) research clinic to which 30 members of an ENT Society refer @entity1 , accumulates information about incidence, prognosis, recovery patterns, and treatment of SHL. The diagnostic protocol includes laboratory, audiometric, and radiologic studies; @entity1 are followed for a minimum of 10 months. Among 76 @entity1 seen in 1973, the diagnosis of idiopathic SHL was retained in 52; more specific diagnoses were established in 24. The incidence of SHL in the general population is estimated at 10.7 cases per 100,000. Although the therapeutic protocol was individualized, all @entity1 with idiopathic SHL were advised to restrict dietary @entity1372 , to discontinue use of stimulants, and were given instructions regarding activity. Twenty-six @entity1 received @entity229 . Results indicate that @entity229 may have a beneficial effect when administered before the 10th day of SHL. Increasing age, @entity101 , @entity6 , and severe vertigo were found to be poor prognostic indicators. Outcome was significantly better in @entity1 seen early in the course of their illness than in those seen later. Possible etiologic factors include @entity455 and inflammatory response. Further studies of controlled series are needed to establish standards for diagnosis of SHL and its recovery pattern.

title: Seventy-six cases of presumed sudden XXXX occurring in 1973: prognosis and incidence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: A population-based series of 246 @entity356 @entity1 operated for cure and who survived the postoperative phase was reviewed to determine prognostic factors after potentially curative treatment. The overall five-year observed survival rate was 34.8%, and the relative survival rate was 43.9%. Previous history of gastric ulceration, @entity5 location, @entity5 size, gross appearance, extension within the gastric wall, and number of proximal lymph nodes involved were significantly related to both crude and relative survival rates. Age was a significant prognostic factor when considering crude survival rates, but it had no influence on relative survival rates. Multivariate analysis of crude and relative survival gave similar results except for age. The covariates retained in the final model were, by decreasing importance, extension within the gastric wall, lymph node involvement, gross appearance and @entity5 location. Combining the two major prognostic criteria, @entity5 extension through the gastric wall and lymph node involvement, four prognostic categories could be determined with five-year corrected survival rates ranging from 92% in @entity1 with a @entity189 limited to the gastric wall to 17% in @entity1 with more than two positive nodes whatever the extension in the gastric wall. Gross appearance had no influence on prognosis for @entity189 limited to the gastric wall, but had a significant impact on prognosis of more extended @entity189 . From these data, a simple staging system requiring only routinely available pathological data was proposed. This classification could be helpful for planning multicenter clinical trials on this disease where progress in therapy is needed.

title: Prognosis of XXXX after curative surgery. A population-based study using multivariate crude and relative survival analysis.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is the third form of @entity5 in both @entity1 and @entity1 . In Romania, the incidence of @entity14 in 2000 is 17.74 %ooo, in 2002 becoming the second cause of @entity204 . We reviewed a series of studies that are related to @entity694 and studied the epithelial-mesenchymal transition at the front of @entity5 invasion ( @entity958 ). Cellular phenotypic changes characteristic of @entity958 can be induced by the absence of transition cofactor ( @entity3493 ) involved in cellular regulation. Loss of syndecan-l marker is associated with @entity5 stage and @entity3 . Modulators of protein kinase resistance was associated with changes in genes involved in @entity958 (including @entity2277 hyperexpression) and genes involved in invasion ( @entity6076 ) with a decrease expression of genes involved in epithelial cell adhesion ( @entity5962 ). Progression in @entity694 is characterized by activating mutations in Ras genes and @entity5 growth factor action. @entity2277 expression associated with @entity958 initiates molecular program. One of the characteristics of @entity958 is the loss of @entity5962 . TGF-p (transforming growth factor beta) induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in @entity694 cell lines with the microsatellite stability, inducing cell invasion and migration. @entity958 is a critical early event involved in invasion and @entity3 of @entity14 , characterized by the presence of markers specific to each phenotype, epithelial or mesenchymal. Multiple biomarkers involved in the induction of @entity958 may represent future therapeutic target in the treatment of @entity694 .

title: XXXX at the molecular level--usefulness of epithelial-mesenchymal transition analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic neoplasia', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colon cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A wide variety of @entity66 have been seen in @entity1 with @entity788 . The @entity358 of @entity788 was analysed to clarify the clinicopathological features of @entity358 in comparison with @entity10070 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 had @entity788 and eight had @entity10070 . The symptoms, laboratory data, chest computed tomography, Gallium-67 scintigraphy, pulmonary function testing and bronchoscopy findings, including the histological IgG4-immunostaining and IgG subclasses in the bronchoalveolar lavage in @entity788 , were collected to compare them with @entity10070 . RESULTS: The serum total protein, IgG and IgG4 levels were found to be significantly elevated in comparison with @entity10070 . In @entity788 , 17 @entity1 showed bilateral @entity3329 , while eight showed pulmonary nodules on chest computed tomography. Eighteen of 19 @entity1 on Gallium-67 scintigraphy showed accumulation spots in either the hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes. Six @entity1 with pulmonary nodules demonstrated accumulation spots in the corresponding lesions on chest computed tomography. All eight @entity1 with @entity10070 showed accumulation spots in either the hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes. Bronchoalveolar lavage IgG4 in @entity788 showed a significant increase in comparison with @entity10070 . The histological findings obtained by a transbronchial lung biopsy showed the infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the thickened interstitum and alveoli with IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration in @entity1 with @entity788 . CONCLUSION: IgG4 in the bronchoalveolar lavage was seen at remarkably increased levels and IgG4-positive plasma cells were identified in the @entity358 of @entity1 with @entity788 .

title: XXXX of @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['hilar lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary involvement', 'pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity10070 :: ('MESH:D017565', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary involvement']


abstract: Efficient antitumor immune response requires the coordinated function of integrated immune components, but is finally exerted by the differentiated effector @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). TIL cells comprise, therefore, an exciting platform for adoptive cell transfer (ACT) in @entity5 . In this study, we show that the inhibitory @entity29916 ( @entity29916 ) protein is found on virtually all @entity1 TIL cells following preparation protocols of ACT treatment for @entity320 . We further demonstrate that the @entity29916 homophilic interactions inhibit the TIL effector functions, such as specific killing and @entity379 release. These results suggest that @entity29916 may impair in vivo the antitumor response of the differentiated TIL. Importantly, @entity29916 is commonly expressed by @entity320 and its presence is associated with poor prognosis. Remarkably, the prolonged coincubation of reactive TIL cells with their @entity320 targets results in increased functional @entity29916 expression by the surviving @entity5 cells. This mechanism might be used by @entity320 cells in vivo to evade ongoing destruction by @entity5 -reactive lymphocytes. Finally, @entity29916 -mediated inhibition may hinder in many cases the efficacy of TIL ACT treatment of @entity320 . We show that the intensity of @entity29916 expression on TIL cells constantly increases during ex vivo expansion. The implications of @entity29916 -mediated inhibition of TIL cells on the optimization of current ACT protocols and on the development of future immunotherapeutic modalities are discussed.

title: Inhibition of @entity1 XXXX -infiltrating lymphocyte effector functions by the homophilic carcinoembryonic cell adhesion molecule 1 interactions.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity29916 :: ('634', 'Gene') :: ['CEACAM1', 'carcinoembryonic Ag cell adhesion molecule 1']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Devices that reduce technical difficulty and anastigmatic time when repairing large vessels such as the thoracic aorta would be beneficial. The aim of this study was to determine if @entity702 vascular closure staples (3 mm) could be safely and quickly applied in the repair of large vessels such as the thoracic aorta. DESIGN: Through a left thoracotomy in 10 female @entity1707 (110 to 130 lb), an interposition graft (14 to 16 mm textile) was placed into the aorta distal to the left subclavian artery. Animals were randomized at the time of repair to either running sutures (n = 5; 6-0 @entity7502 ) or vascular closure staples (n = 5; 3 mm). The @entity254 was evaluated after 2 months with aortograms, and the aorta was harvested to evaluate healing. RESULTS: The clamp times (mean +/- SD) were 30.8 +/- 8.2 min for suture repair and 24.8 +/- 5.1 min for vascular closure staple repair (p = 0.2). @entity254 times were 20. 0 +/- 6.2 min for the suture group and 16.4 +/- 6.4 min for the vascular closure staple group (p = 0.4). Arch aortograms at 2 months revealed no significant difference in luminal narrowing between the two groups. Gross and microscopic examination revealed no @entity715 , well-healed wounds with a continuous intimal layer, and no differences in intimal thickness or @entity32 between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Vascular closure staples were equivalent to sutures in terms of durability, graft patency, and wound healing at 2 months. Vascular closure staples may offer the @entity130 surgeon a quick and easy alternative when repairing large vessels such as the thoracic aorta.

title: Comparison of @entity702 vascular closure staples with suture repair of the thoracic aorta in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomosis', 'anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have previously reported that ultraviolet (UV) B irradiation induces a loss of linearity in the three-dimensional structure of dermal elastic fibres, which results in the reduction of elastic properties of the skin and leads to wrinkle formation. We further reported that repair of wrinkles by @entity1968 is accompanied by recovery of the linearity of elastic fibres. @entity544 ( @entity515 ) lasers are widely used for treating wrinkles in cosmetic surgery. OBJECTIVES: To perform @entity515 laser treatment of wrinkles induced in @entity35 skin by UVB irradiation and to evaluate changes in the three-dimensional structure of dermal elastic fibres during wrinkle repair. METHODS: Wrinkles were induced in the hind limb skin of @entity35 by UVB irradiation (130 mJ cm-2 three times weekly for 6 weeks), followed by @entity515 laser treatment (11.3 J cm-2). The surface appearance of the skin was evaluated by replica observation 6 and 10 weeks after @entity515 laser treatment followed by measurement of mechanical properties using a Cutometer. Subsequently, perfusion fixation and digestion with @entity5189 were performed and elastic fibres were observed by @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). Image analysis of @entity4653 micrographs was carried out to evaluate the linearity in the three-dimensional structure of elastic fibres. RESULTS: Six weeks after @entity515 laser treatment, all parameters of skin mechanical properties in the UVB-irradiated group recovered to levels of the control non-irradiated group, accompanied by repair of wrinkles and a significant increase in linearity of the three-dimensional structure of elastic fibres. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that @entity515 laser treatment has a therapeutic potential to repair wrinkles to non-irradiated levels through recovery of the three-dimensional structure of elastic fibres.

title: @entity544 laser treatment promotes repair of the three-dimensional network of elastic fibres in XXXX skin.

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['all-trans retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: During the course of the 42nd International Trade Fair 1990 in Munich a total of 1245 visitors were interrogated with regard to their education in the early recognition of @entity1489 , and their behaviour in respect of exposure to sunlight. The same @entity1 were also subjected to @entity320 screening, both with regard to special assessment of pigment lesions and inspection of the entire skin. The questionnaire showed that @entity1 were better informed than @entity1 . Approximately 87% of the questioned @entity1 had heard of the problems of @entity320 , whereas only about 55% of the @entity1 belonged to the informed group. The knowledge of @entity5 education proved to be above average in the age group between 30 and 60 years. @entity1 with ample knowledge on @entity320 education demonstrated more motivation to take part in @entity5 prevention examinations and also in examinations relating to other organ systems. Thus, the necessity of @entity5 screening examinations was substantially more often a matter of course among @entity1 than among @entity1 . The occurrence of @entity1489 on the own body as well as its occurrence in members of one's own family does not guarantee essential knowledge on @entity320 education, although in the informed group the percentage of @entity1 directly or indirectly affected by @entity320 , was higher. With regard to the behaviour towards sunlight, young @entity1 dealt more cautiously and consciously with the sun than those aged 45 and over who had exposed themselves to sunlight without exercising any caution, especially in the past.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Behavior and attitude regarding XXXX prevention and early detection in relation to current knowledge--studies of visitors to an industrial fair].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'women', 'people', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin cancer']


abstract: NEL-M1 @entity1 @entity320 cells have been established to grow in Ham's F12 medium in the absence of serum, hormones, and exogenous growth factors. Conditioned medium from NEL-M1 cultures stimulates growth of these same cells whereas glucocorticoids retard growth in the presence and absence of conditioned medium. Because recent reports indicate that glucocorticoids inhibit the synthesis of growth factors from a variety of cell types, we hypothesized that glucocorticoids may be inhibiting growth of NEL-M1 cells by either suppressing the synthesis of the autocrine growth factor or regulating other secretory proteins that may inhibit the activity of the autocrine growth factor. Initial studies were done to clearly show that NEL-M1 cells were growth inhibited, both in vivo and in vitro, when exposed to the synthetic glucocorticoid, @entity2995 (TA). When NEL-M1 cells were injected into @entity19 and treated with TA (100 micrograms per @entity19 per week) a 67% reduction in @entity5 mass was observed compared to the control group over a 5-wk growth period. Additional studies show that in a serum-free defined medium TA (100 nM) inhibited growth of NEL-M1 cells by 56% after 6 d in culture. At this same time TA was shown to affect the expression of several proteins secreted from these cells. TA treatment resulted in the appearance of a 125,000 molecular weight protein, suppression of the synthesis-secretion of three proteins (37,000, 57,000, and 76,000 molecular weight) and enhanced expression of a 60,000-molecular weight protein. However when NEL-M1 cells were cultured in conditioned medium from TA-treated cells, a stimulation in both @entity665 incorporation into DNA and cell proliferation was observed. When the conditioned medium was fractionated by Amicon ultrafiltration, the growth stimulatory activity was found in the less than 10,000 molecular weight fraction. These results demonstrate that @entity19864 , as a single agent, inhibit the growth of NEL-M1 @entity1 @entity320 cells. However, this growth inhibition by glucocorticoids may not be through the regulation of the synthesis-secretion of the autocrine growth factor. Furthermore, the data suggest that the glucocorticoid-sensitive secretory proteins may not be directly involved in the in vitro regulation of NEL-M1 cellular growth.

title: Detection of glucocorticoid sensitive secretory proteins from @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity19864 :: ('MESH:D005938', 'Chemical') :: ['glucocorticoids']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity900 is one of the most active chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of advanced @entity213 ( @entity213 ). However, its clinical efficacy is limited by its renal and hematotoxicity profile. In a randomized, multicenter phase III trial, we replaced conventional @entity900 by a liposomal formulation of @entity900 ( @entity25777 ) and compared the safety and efficacy profiles of @entity1 in the two treatment arms. @entity1 AND METHODS: Main inclusion criteria were: histologically confirmed @entity213 , age between 18-75 years with @entity177 . Main endpoints for this interims analysis were hemato- and nephrotoxicity. First response data were collected. RESULTS: Forty-six @entity1 were evaluable for outcome and @entity137 . Grade III and IV hematotoxicity were more frequent in the @entity900 arm (31.7% vs. 12%), with grade IV @entity1210 occurring in 22.2%. However, 16% of the @entity1 in that treatment arm experienced grade III @entity417 compared to only 9.5% treated with the @entity900 regimen. A total 4% of the @entity1 in the @entity25777 arm developed grade IV @entity16 , whereas in the @entity900 arm, 19% developed @entity16 and none developed grade IV. The @entity8 profile of both drugs also showed marked differences. In the @entity900 arm, 23.8% of @entity1 suffered grade III @entity137 . In contrast, no grade III or IV @entity8 occurred in @entity1 treated with @entity25777 . The efficacy results showed 38.8% objective partial remission in the @entity900 arm vs. 19% in the @entity25777 arm. However 64% of the @entity1 achieved stable disease while being treated with @entity25777 / @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ), vs. 50% in the @entity900 /5-FU arm. CONCLUSION: Liposomal @entity900 seems to reduce both the @entity1503 to a clinically relevant extent as compared to conventional @entity900 . The clinical benefit rate is similar for both regimens.

title: First safety and response results of a randomized phase III study with liposomal platin in the treatment of advanced XXXX ( @entity213 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity25777 :: ('MESH:C503131', 'Chemical') :: ['lipoplatin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy', 'grade III neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['sufficient renal function']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['renal and hematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck', 'SCCHN']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Previous studies conducted both in the general and @entity6 population have shown that pulse pressure (PP) can predict mortality from @entity65 . The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between PP and specific @entity65 , i.e. from cerebrovascular and ischemic @entity299 , in a well-characterized cohort of type 2 @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS: A cohort of 1,128 known type 2 @entity6 @entity1 56 to 74 years of age with at least 2 blood pressure measurements for each year between 1984-1986 was followed-up for ten years to assess specific causes of @entity204 . The analyses were carried out by using the mean and the coefficient of variation (CV) of PP. RESULTS: By the end of the 10-year follow-up period, 375 @entity1 (178 male, 197 female) had died (33%). The mean PP resulted as an independent predictor of all causes and @entity65 . Remarkably, the mean PP, but not the CV of PP, was highly predictive of mortality from @entity66 . The risk of cerebrovascular mortality rose by 86% with a 10 mm Hg increase in mean PP. PP turned out to be the most important predictor of cerebrovascular mortality among various pressure indexes (mean, systolic and diastolic pressure). CONCLUSION: The mean pulse pressure, but not the coefficient of variation is a strong predictor of @entity65 , mainly from @entity66 , in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Pulse pressure and mortality from @entity66 in type 2 XXXX @entity1 : the Verona @entity6 Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality', 'cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']