abstract: BACKGROUND: A serum antibody directed against astrocytes is present in a high proportion of @entity1 with @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ). The pathogenicity of the antibody is uncertain because no consistent astrocyte lesion is known to occur in @entity1652 . OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is an astrocyte lesion in @entity1652 and if this differs from astrocyte changes in @entity15 ( @entity15 ). METHODS: Astrocyte pathology in early (still-myelinated) lesions and subacute @entity1652 and @entity15 was examined immunohistochemically and in sections stained for astrocytes using routine histological techniques. RESULTS: @entity17 in early @entity1652 lesions is accompanied by oligodendrocyte apoptosis in a pattern identical to that seen in @entity15 and this is preceded by an abrupt destruction of perivascular astrocytes. Reparative astrogliosis is effected by a population of unipolar, new astrocytes. Evidence of a different type of astrocyte lesion was found in @entity15 . DISCUSSION: The findings add to experimental evidence that the antibody is pathogenic. They also raise the possibility that @entity17 in @entity15 may be a bystander effect of an astrocyte lesion, i.e. that @entity15 is not a disease primarily of myelin and oligodendrocytes.

title: XXXX : a @entity17 characterized by acute destruction and regeneration of perivascular astrocytes.

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['Demyelination', 'demyelination']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['NMO', 'neuromyelitis optica']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis', 'MS lesions']

answer: @entity1652 :: (MESH:D009471,Disease) :: ['Neuromyelitis optica']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radial head fractures often occur in association with other @entity174 and soft-tissue injuries. Radial head replacement is indicated for irreparable radial head fractures associated with elbow instability. The purpose of this study was to analyze the results after treatment of such injuries with a @entity702 radial head prosthesis, repair of torn collateral ligaments, and early mobilization of the elbow. MATERIALS: Sixteen @entity1 with sixteen @entity174 and @entity130 were treated with use of a @entity702 radial head prosthesis over a five-year period at the Royal Adelaide Hospital and Modbury Public Hospital in South Australia. The surgery was performed acutely in ten @entity1 and was delayed an average of thirty-seven days (range, fifteen to seventy-nine days) in six. All @entity1 were followed clinically and radiographically for a mean of 2.8 years (range, 1.2 to 4.3 years). RESULTS: Eight @entity1 had an excellent result; five, a good result; and three, a fair result, according to the Mayo Elbow Performance Score. The three fair results occurred in @entity1 with delayed surgery. The mean flexion contracture was 15 degrees (range, 0 degrees to 42 degrees ), with an average loss of 10 degrees (range, 0 degrees to 25 degrees ) of full flexion compared with that of the contralateral elbow. Both pronation and supination decreased an average of 12 degrees (range, 0 degrees to 45 degrees ) compared with that of the contralateral forearm. CONCLUSIONS: The results of treatment of @entity174 with a monoblock @entity702 radial head prosthesis and soft-tissue reconstruction are satisfactory. Early mobilization of the elbow is important for the restoration of elbow range of motion and function.

title: Management of XXXX with a @entity702 prosthesis, ligament repair, and early mobilization. Surgical technique.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['collateral ligament injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['elbow fractures', 'Mason type-III radial head fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Mason type-III radial head fractures']


abstract: Physicians and psychologists almost always treat premature emission or ejaculation as a psychological problem. We report on 6 @entity1 who had sudden onset of severe premature emission after @entity1566 . All @entity1 suffered @entity1566 related to @entity130 at the T12-L1 level, and had areflexic bladders after the injury. Two @entity1 had normal penile sensation. None of the @entity1 had @entity2754 before injury with average time of intercourse of 10 to 20 minutes before organsm. After the injury they noticed emission before or at vaginal entry. Two @entity1 reported emission with any sexual thoughts and 1 had emission when started in a nonsexual manner. Sexual therapy using squeeze and stop/start techniques was unsuccessful in all cases. @entity1 were started on @entity5333 , @entity7477 or @entity3159 and reported slight improvement. We believe that injury in the conus area of the spinal cord may disinhibit the ejaculatory mechanism and allow for premature emission.

title: Premature emission after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity7477 :: ('MESH:C041226', 'Chemical') :: ['terazosin']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['premature ejaculation']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: The @entity141 accumulating properties of a nonmitochondrial intracellular organelle within cultured N1E-115 @entity521 cells containing an ( @entity855 + @entity1025 )-dependent @entity141 pump were recently described in detail (Gill, D. L., and Chueh, S. H. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 9289-9297). Using both @entity3857 -permeabilized N1E-115 cells and microsomal membranes from cells, this report describes the effectiveness of both @entity671 (IP3) and @entity6989 in mediating @entity141 release from this internal organelle, believed to be endoplasmic reticulum. Using permeabilized N1E-115 cells, 2 microM IP3 effects rapid release (t1/2 less than 20 s) of approximately 40% of accumulated @entity141 releasable with 5 microM @entity3365 . Half-maximal @entity141 release occurs with 0.5 microM IP3, and maximal release with 3 microM IP3. Using a frozen microsomal membrane fraction isolated from lysed cells, 2 microM @entity16342 less than 30 s) 10-20% of @entity3365 -releasable @entity141 accumulated within nonmitochondrial @entity141 -pumping vesicles, although only in the presence of 3% @entity968 ( @entity970 ). 10 microM @entity3007 , but not @entity12831 ( @entity12831 ), increases the extent of release in the presence of IP3. Importantly, however, @entity3007 alone induces a substantial release of @entity141 (up to 40% of releasable @entity141 ) with a t1/2 value (60-90 s) slightly longer than that for IP3. The effects of IP3 and @entity3007 are approximately additive, and both effects require 3% @entity970 . Half-maximal @entity141 release occurs with 1 microM @entity3007 , with maximal release at 3-5 microM @entity3007 ; 20 microM GMPPNP has no effect on release and only slightly inhibits 5 microM @entity3007 ; 20 microM @entity3006 promotes full release, but only after a 90-s lag, and initially inhibits the action of 5 microM @entity3007 . Using permeabilized N1E-115 cells, 5 microM @entity3007 with 3% @entity970 releases greater than 50% of releasable @entity141 ; without @entity970 , @entity3007 still mediates approximately 30% release of @entity141 from cells. Neither IP3, @entity3007 , or both together (with or without @entity970 ) effects release of @entity141 accumulated within synaptic plasma membrane vesicles. The profound effectiveness of @entity3007 on @entity141 release has important implications for intracellular @entity141 regulation and is probably related to @entity141 release mediated by IP3.

title: Influence of @entity671 and XXXX on intracellular calcium release within the N1E-115 neuronal cell line.

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity12831 :: ('MESH:D006165', 'Chemical') :: ["guanosine 5'-(beta, gamma-imido)triphosphate", 'GMPPNP']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity6989 :: ('MESH:D006150', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine nucleotides']

answer: @entity6989 :: (MESH:D006150,Chemical) :: ['guanine nucleotides']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We previously reported that serum @entity9416 levels were negatively correlated with the amount of @entity379 produced by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated or IL-12-stimulated PBMCs and that one of the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of atopy was the reduced @entity379 production, which led to upregulated @entity9416 production. OBJECTIVE: @entity8923 is also known to be a strong inducer of @entity379 production. However, it has not yet been determined whether @entity8923 is associated with @entity66 . METHODS: We investigated the response to @entity8923 or IL-12 stimulation and the sequence of @entity8923 receptor (IL-18R) alpha chain cDNA in 41 nonatopic controls and 39 @entity1097 patients. RESULTS: Serum @entity9416 level was negatively correlated with @entity379 production by PBMCs stimulated with @entity8923 . The @entity9730 chain cDNA of @entity1097 @entity1 was sequenced. We identified a 3-base deletion of the @entity9730 chain cDNA ( @entity9731 ), which was generated by alternative splicing, as determined on the basis of genomic sequence data for the @entity9730 chain gene. PBMCs with the predominant expression of @entity9731 significantly showed the reduced @entity379 production after @entity8923 stimulation. There was a significant difference in the expression pattern of the @entity9730 chain transcript between the @entity1097 @entity1 and the nonatopic controls. CONCLUSION: According to these results, the dominant expression of the @entity9731 transcript of @entity9730 chain cDNA, which was associated with reduced @entity379 production by @entity8923 stimulation and high serum @entity9416 levels, is predisposition to some @entity66 .

title: Predominant expression of XXXX of @entity9730 chain cDNA is associated with reduced @entity379 production and high serum @entity9416 levels in @entity1097 Japanese @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic diseases', 'atopic disease']

entities_list: @entity9731 :: ('c|DEL|950|CAG', 'DNAMutation') :: ['950delCAG']

answer: @entity9731 :: (c|DEL|950|CAG,DNAMutation) :: ['950delCAG']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The impact of @entity7502 mesh implantation on vaginal collagen and @entity14279 metabolism was analyzed using a nonhuman primate model to further delineate the mechanism of mesh induced complications. STUDY DESIGN: Forty-nine middle-aged parous @entity2608 underwent surgical implantation of 3 synthetic meshes via sacrocolpopexy. Gynemesh PS (n  = 12) (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ) and 2 lower-weight, higher-porosity, lower-stiffness meshes (UltraPro [n  = 19] [Ethicon] and Restorelle [n  = 8] [Coloplast, Minneapolis, MN]) were implanted, in which UltraPro was implanted with its blue orientation lines perpendicular (low stiffness direction, n  = 11) and parallel (high stiffness direction, n  = 8) to the @entity8376 . Sham-operated animals were used as controls (n  = 10). Twelve weeks after surgery, the mesh-tissue complex was excised and analyzed. RESULTS: Relative to sham, Gynemesh PS had a negative impact on the metabolism of both collagen and @entity14279 -favoring catabolic reactions, whereas UltraPro induced an increase only in @entity14279 degradation. Restorelle had the least impact. As compared with sham, the degradation of collagen and @entity14279 in the vagina implanted with Gynemesh PS was increased with a simultaneous increase in active @entity14280 , -8, -13, and total @entity14281 (all P < .05). The degradation of @entity14279 (tropoelastin and mature @entity14279 ) was increased in the UltraPro-implanted vagina with a concomitant increase of @entity14281 (all P < .05). Collagen subtype ratio III/I was increased in Gynemesh PS and UltraPro perpendicular groups (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Following implantation with the heavier, less porous, and stiffer mesh, Gynemesh PS, the degradation of vaginal collagen and @entity14279 exceeded synthesis, most likely as a result of increased activity of MMPs, resulting in a structurally compromised tissue.

title: Impact of prolapse meshes on the metabolism of vaginal extracellular matrix in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus macaques']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity8376 :: ('MESH:D014625', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal axis of the vagina']

entities_list: @entity14280 :: ('703653(Tax:9544)', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus macaque']


abstract: @entity2806 ( @entity2806 ) mainly induce stenoses in liver transplants causing @entity1448 thus endangering the allograft. ERC enables distinction of @entity2806 from other differential diagnosis. From 1988 to 1998, 1,026 liver transplantations had been carried out at our clinic. 2.4% (25 out of 1,026) of liver transplanted @entity1 were afflicted from @entity2806 . 60% (15 out of 25) of @entity1 were endoscopically treated by means of @entity384 . Furthermore, some @entity1 needed extraction of calculi (n = 3), bile duct sequester (n = 6) or stenting (n = 4), respectively. Three @entity1 suffered from @entity2806 type 1 (= only @entity75 ) and five other @entity1 were afflicted from @entity2806 type 2 (= circumscript @entity75 ). 90% of those @entity1 revealed long-term benefit from endoscopic therapy (follow-up to seven years). Another 15 @entity1 elicited @entity2806 type 3 (= multiple intra- and @entity75 ). Therefrom, nine @entity1 had to be retransplanted directly while eight others were assigned to endoscopic treatment. Follow-up investigations revealed that retransplantation could be avoided in 50% of @entity2806 @entity1 by means of endoscopic therapy for at least three years. In contrast, only 27% of @entity2806 @entity1 could survive for more than three years without endoscopic therapy. Endoscopic success depends on localization and severity of @entity2806 complications in the biliary tract of the liver allograft. Therefore, benefit of endoscopic therapy depends on proper diagnosis as early as possible guiding further therapeutic strategy. Conclusively, endoscopic success enables maintenance of liver function in @entity2806 afflicted liver grafts and avoids or at least, delays retransplantation.

title: [Endoscopic therapy of ischemia-type biliary lesions in XXXX following orthotopic liver transplantation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic-type biliary lesions', 'ITBL']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic lesions', 'extrahepatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['sphincterotomy and balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The modulation of @entity11603 activity might represent a promising therapeutic target to reduce monocyte inflammatory functions in @entity102 , such as @entity309 . In the present study, we investigated the possible influence of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on @entity11603 -induced monocyte survival. Monocytes were isolated from buffy coats by using Ficoll-Percoll gradients. Monocyte apoptosis was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy on cytopreps stained with @entity9186 or using flow cytometry analysis of @entity4404 and @entity2667 staining. @entity584 and NF-kappaB activation was assessed using western blot. @entity522 activity was determined spectrophotometrically. Among different NSAIDs, only @entity24865 dose-dependently increased apoptosis of @entity11603 -treated monocytes. @entity24865 pro-apoptotic activity was associated with the inhibition of @entity11603 -triggered @entity584 and NF-kappaB phosphorylation and the activation of @entity522 . In conclusion, our data suggest that @entity24865 -induced apoptosis in @entity11603 -treated @entity1 monocytes is associated with previously unknown cyclooxygenase (COX)-independent pathways. These intracellular proteins might be promising pharmacological targets to increase apoptosis in @entity11603 -treated monocytes.

title: XXXX -induced apoptosis on CD40 ligand-treated @entity1 primary monocytes is associated with the modulation of defined intracellular pathways.

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['Propidium Iodide']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity24865 :: ('MESH:C008729', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxaprozin', 'oxaprozin']

entities_list: @entity9186 :: ('MESH:D000165', 'Chemical') :: ['acridine orange']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity24865 :: (MESH:C008729,Chemical) :: ['Oxaprozin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Resection of @entity4617 in the right ventricle sometimes requires valve plasty or replacement. We retrospectively studied surgical treatment for right @entity2504 . METHODS: The study cohort consists of 210 consecutive @entity1 who underwent surgical treatment for a @entity4617 in our hospital between January 1990 and December 2008. Clinical findings were reviewed retrospectively, and a follow-up study was performed. RESULTS: Of 210 @entity4617 , 17 were located in the right ventricle. Of these17 right ventricular (RV) @entity5 , 13 were @entity5 , and 4 were @entity5 . Of the 17 @entity1 , 5 underwent concomitant tricuspid valve surgery. Three of the five @entity1 had @entity5 and underwent Kay annuloplasty; the other two had @entity5 , one of whom underwent reconstruction of the tricuspid annulus by suturing of an autologous pericardial strip, and one had tricuspid valve replacement with a 31-mm Hancock valve. Of the five @entity1 with concomitant tricuspid valve surgery, none had an increase to grade 3 tricuspid regurgitation during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Tricuspid valve annuloplasty for resection of RV @entity5 may be necessary, even for palliative operations, to improve the hemodynamics.

title: Surgical experience with right @entity2504 in 17 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2504 :: ('MESH:D002551', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epicardial tumors', 'endocardial or intracavitary tumors', 'endocardial tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tumor', 'cardiac tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Using cardiac magnetic resonance, the presence of myocardial delayed contrast enhancement ( @entity13313 ) has been described in the ventricular septum at the level of the right ventricular insertion points in @entity1 with @entity120 ( @entity120 ). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, extent, and correlates of this finding. Septal @entity13313 was evaluated in 55 @entity1 with known or suspected @entity120 of various causes. The extent of @entity13313 was estimated visually with an insertion enhancement score (range 0 to 4) and quantified as @entity13313 mass. The results were correlated with cine magnetic resonance and right-sided cardiac catheterization. Predictors of @entity13313 were investigated using multivariate analysis. @entity120 at rest was present in 42 @entity1 (group 1) and absent in 13 (group 2). @entity13313 was noted in 41 @entity1 (97%) in group 1 and 3 (23%) in group 2 (p <0.0001). The extent of @entity13313 was higher in group 1 than group 2 (median insertion enhancement score 3 vs 0, median @entity13313 mass 8.7 vs 0 g, respectively; p <0.0001 for both). The extent of @entity13313 showed moderate to good univariate correlations (r = 0.5 to 0.73) with pulmonary pressures and with right ventricular volumes, mass, and ejection fractions. In multivariate analysis, systolic pulmonary pressure was the only predictor of @entity13313 . In conclusion, the presence of septal @entity13313 at the right ventricular insertion points is common in @entity120 of different causes, and the level of systolic pulmonary pressure elevation appears to be the main determinant of this finding.

title: Prevalence and correlates of septal delayed contrast enhancement in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'PH']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: @entity16 of @entity1 suffering from @entity179 such as @entity195 ( @entity195 ), @entity191 ( @entity191 ), or @entity746 ( @entity746 ) often worsen during @entity281 . We assessed the disease-modulating effects of recurrent @entity281 with the most frequent respiratory pathogen, @entity328 , on the course of @entity195 , @entity191 , and @entity746 in @entity19 models of these @entity179 [transgenic Tg2576 @entity19 , ( @entity3512 )-[ @entity20097 ]alpha @entity20309 @entity19 , and Tg( @entity182 - @entity24869 ) @entity19 ]. @entity19 were repeatedly challenged intraperitoneally with live @entity2260 type 3 and treated with @entity2756 for 3 days. Infection caused an increase of @entity777 concentrations in brain homogenates. The clinical status of ( @entity3512 )-[ @entity20097 ]alpha @entity20309 @entity19 and Tg( @entity182 - @entity24869 ) @entity19 was monitored by repeated assessment with a clinical score. Motor performance was controlled by the tightrope test and the rotarod test. In Tg2576 @entity19 , spatial @entity4207 were assessed in the Morris water maze. In none of the three @entity19 models onset or course of the disease as evaluated by the clinical tests was affected by the recurrent @entity281 performed. Levels of alpha-synuclein in brains of ( @entity3512 )-[ @entity20097 ]alpha @entity20309 @entity19 did not differ between infected animals and control animals. Plaque sizes and concentrations of A beta 1-40 and A beta 1-42 were not significantly different in brains of infected and uninfected Tg2576 @entity19 . In conclusion, onset and course of disease in @entity19 models of three common @entity179 were not influenced by repeated @entity281 with @entity2260 , indicating that the effect of moderately severe @entity697 on the course of @entity179 may be less pronounced than suspected.

title: Recurrent @entity281 with @entity328 do not aggravate the course of experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infections']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity20097 :: ('p|SUB|A|30|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['A30P']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infections', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases', 'neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's dementia"]

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['memory and learning deficits']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']


abstract: In the terrorist radiation exposure scenario, radiation victims are likely to suffer from additional injuries such as @entity295 . Our previous studies have shown that ghrelin is protective in @entity295 . However, it remains unknown whether ghrelin ameliorates @entity295 -induced organ injury and mortality after radiation exposure. The purpose of this study is to determine whether @entity1 ghrelin attenuates organ injury and improves survival in a @entity35 model of @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) and, if so, the potential mechanism responsible for the benefit. To study this, adult male @entity35 were exposed to 5-Gy whole body irradiation followed by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP, a model of @entity295 ) 48 h thereafter. @entity1 ghrelin (30 nmol/ @entity35 ) or vehicle (saline) was infused intravenously via an osmotic minipump immediately after radiation exposure. Blood and tissue samples were collected at 20 h after @entity1161 (68 h after irradiation or 20 h after CLP) for various measurements. To determine the longterm effect of @entity1 ghrelin after @entity1161 , the gangrenous cecum was removed at 5 h after CLP and 10-d survival was recorded. In addition, vagotomy or sham vagotomy was performed in sham and @entity1161 animals immediately prior to ghrelin administration, and various measurements were performed at 20 h after @entity1161 . Our results showed that serum levels of ghrelin and its gene expression in the stomach were decreased markedly at 20 h after @entity1161 . Administration of @entity1 ghrelin attenuated tissue injury markedly, reduced proinflammatory cytokine levels, decreased tissue myeloperoxidase activity, and improved survival after @entity1161 . Furthermore, elevated plasma levels of @entity1063 (NE) after @entity1161 were reduced significantly by ghrelin. However, vagotomy prevented ghrelin's beneficial effects after @entity1161 . In conclusion, @entity1 ghrelin is beneficial in a @entity35 model of @entity1161 . The protective effect of @entity1 ghrelin appears to be attributed to re-balancing the dysregulated sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous systems.

title: @entity1 ghrelin ameliorates organ injury and improves survival after radiation injury combined with severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation combined injury', 'RCI']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: In a 710-bed teaching hospital, the infectious disease section and pharmacy service initiated a joint programme to control and monitor the use of third-generation cephalosporins (TGC): @entity3524 , @entity3399 and @entity2891 . The policy requires that an infectious disease physician approve the use of a TGC prior to its administration. This retrospective study sought to assess the pattern of utilization of these agents. From January to December 1983, 109 @entity1 courses of @entity3524 (CT), @entity3399 (MX), and @entity2891 (CP) were tabulated. Records from 92 @entity1 courses were available for review (84.4%). The preliminary data show that 46.7% of TGC were used empirically to treat suspected @entity281 without culture and sensitivity data, while 50.0% were used to treat various @entity281 (central nervous system, pulmonary, wound, abdominal, biliary, urinary and blood) after culture and sensitivities were known. Only 3.3% of the TGC were used for surgical prophylaxis. In the empirical treatment group, the leading indications for use of TGC were central nervous system (CT = 40.0%, MX = 48.0%) and biliary (CP = 23.1%) @entity281 . In the treatment group with culture and sensitivity data, the primary uses of TGC were for the treatment of Gram-negative pulmonary (MX = 28.0%, CP = 19.2%) and wound (CP = 15.4%) @entity281 . This study shows that physician and pharmacy control does not eliminate empirical treatment with TGC; but it does narrow their use to situations in which their properties are best exploited.

title: The effect of control on the pattern of utilization of @entity3524 , XXXX and @entity2891 in a teaching hospital.

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2891 :: ('MESH:D002438', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoperazone']

entities_list: @entity3399 :: ('MESH:D009070', 'Chemical') :: ['moxalactam']

answer: @entity3399 :: (MESH:D009070,Chemical) :: ['moxalactam']


abstract: AIM: We aimed to find out if abnormal left @entity713 ( @entity713 ) is a sign of @entity296 , even in @entity1 with normal left ventricular (LV) regional wall motion (RWM). METHODS: We prospectively performed echocardiography in 1350 consecutive @entity1 referred to our echocardiography laboratory. Left @entity713 and LV RWM were evaluated in all @entity1 . We prospectively selected all @entity1 with normal LV RWM but impaired left @entity713 for further analysis of clinical parameters. RESULTS: Eighty-eight of the 1350 @entity1 had completely normal LV RWM but impaired left @entity713 (< or = 10 mm) in at least one region (septal, lateral, posterior, anterior). Of these, 60.2% had prior and/ or acute @entity583 , predominantly non-Q-wave, whereas 33.0% had angina without @entity1188 and 2.3% had @entity101 . In 49 (55.7%) @entity1 coronary angiography was performed. All were abnormal. In 4.5% (n = 4) of the @entity1 no obvious reason for the @entity713 decrease was found, but was not precluded. CONCLUSION: Almost all @entity1 with abnormal left @entity713 and completely normal LV RWM had clinical @entity299 . Thus, decreased @entity713 despite normal LV RWM seems to be a true sign of @entity296 , predominantly indicating @entity409 . In screening for @entity1 with @entity296 assessment of left @entity713 may be useful as a complement to LV RWM evaluation. The prognosis in such @entity1 is currently being evaluated.

title: Echocardiographic assessment of left @entity713 as a complement to left ventricular regional wall motion evaluation in the detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['AVPD', 'atrioventricular plane displacement']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['subendocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial dysfunction']


abstract: The history of a 6-year-old @entity1 with a @entity5 originating from thoracic spine and finally becoming resistant to surgery, radio-, and chemotherapy is reported. @entity5 -biopsy material was studied by light and electron microscopy, in cell culture, by acetylcholinesterase ultracytochemistry, and by quantitative @entity2922 analysis and this led to the rejection of the initial diagnosis of a @entity521 . Light microscopy revealed a uniform population of undifferentiated cells incompletely lobulated by broad fibrovascular septa. Using the electron microscope, cells were characterized by large intracellular pools of glycogen, little cytoplasm with an abundance of free ribosomes and a paucity of organelles. A few cells displayed desmosome-like attachment sites. Staining for specific and unspecific acetylcholinesterase was negative with light and electron microscopy, as were the results of @entity2922 histofluorescence using the @entity11571 method. The latter result was confirmed by the negative outcome of quantitative analyses of @entity935 , @entity1063 , and adrenaline with high pressure liquid chromatography nd electrochemical detection in tissue samples. @entity5 cells could easily be maintained in culture for up to 4 weeks. None of a variety of treatments that are known to favor expression of neuronal characteristics in @entity521 cells (serum withdrawal, nerve growth factor, @entity5393 , @entity619 ) induced morphological differentiation in cultured @entity5 cells. On the basis of the clinical history, morphology, and of our experiments with @entity5 cells, the diagnosis of a so-called extraskeletal @entity2828 is most likely. Our results strengthen the view that a cell biology approach may be valuable in @entity521 differential diagnosis.

title: Ultrastructural, biochemical, and cell-culture studies of a presumed extraskeletal XXXX with special reference to differential diagnosis from @entity521 .

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity11571 :: ('MESH:C031150', 'Chemical') :: ['glyoxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing's sarcoma']


abstract: Luteolysis in domestic species is mediated by the release of luteolytic pulses of @entity3009 (PG) F(2alpha) by the uterus at the end of diestrus, which must be suppressed by the conceptus to permit maternal recognition of pregnancy. In many species, including the @entity1641 , both the conceptus and the endometrium also synthesize @entity1421 , which may antagonize PGF(2alpha) by playing a luteotropic and/or antiluteolytic role. While the release of @entity1421 and PGF(2alpha) by the @entity1641 endometrium in late diestrus and early pregnancy has been previously studied, the underlying @entity3009 synthase gene regulatory mechanisms remain poorly defined. To resolve this issue, @entity16726 ( @entity16726 ), microsomal @entity1421 synthase (PGES), and @entity16727 ( @entity16727 ) expression were examined in a series of endometrial biopsies obtained from cycling mares on Days 10, 13, and 15 postovulation, as well as from pregnant mares on Day 15. Quantification of @entity16726 expression revealed significant (P < 0.01) increases in both mRNA and protein levels at Day 15 in cycling endometrium relative to other timepoints. Importantly, the level of @entity16726 expression in Day 15 pregnant endometrium was found to be comparable with that observed in Day 10 and Day 13 cycling animals, suggesting that the presence of the conceptus blocks the induction of @entity16726 . Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the induction of @entity16726 expression on Day 15 occurs specifically in surface epithelial cells in cycling animals only. As @entity1641 @entity16727 had not been previously characterized, a 1380-base pair (bp) cDNA transcript was cloned by a combination of reverse transcription-PCR techniques and found to be highly homologous to @entity291 liver-type @entity16727 . The pattern of expression observed for the terminal PG synthases was distinct from that of @entity16726 , as PGES and @entity16727 mRNA and protein levels were found to be invariant throughout the timecourse and unaffected by pregnancy. Similar to @entity16726 , however, the PGES and @entity16727 proteins were found to localize mainly to the surface epithelium. Thus, this study describes for the first time the regulation and spatial distribution of @entity16726 , PGES, and @entity16727 expression in @entity1641 endometrium in late diestrus, with a marked induction of @entity16726 but not of PGES and @entity16727 expression in uterine epithelial cells at Day 15. Furthermore, the presence of the conceptus was shown to block the induction of @entity16726 expression at Day 15, suggesting an important mechanism by which it may suppress uterine PGF(2alpha) release and prevent luteolysis during early pregnancy.

title: Expression of key XXXX synthases in @entity1641 endometrium during late diestrus and early pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

answer: @entity3009 :: (CHEBI:26333,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin']


abstract: Three peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are expressed during most of the developmental stages in the schistosome. Prx-1 is localized on the surface of the schistosomula and adults of @entity2042 , while Prx-2 is localized in the sub-tegumental tissues, parenchyma, vitelline glands, and gut epithelium, but not on the surface of the worms. We applied RNA interference techniques to suppress the specific genes of @entity2043 Prxs. Schistosomula of @entity2043 were cultured together with long-dsRNA encoding Prx-1 and Prx-2 of @entity2043 (the soaking method). The transcription level of each Prx gene was reduced by an RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated effect specifically. Although neither Prx was the essential protein for survival of @entity2043 schistosomula, Prx-1 dsRNA-treated larvae were susceptible to @entity273 . Moreover, these larvae were also susceptible to @entity2469 and @entity2470 . However, the knockdown of neither Prx-1 nor Prx-2 influenced the resistance against @entity842 generated from @entity2471 /NO. Prx-1 may work as a scavenger against reactive @entity26 species (ROS) generated outside of the schistosomes to prevent the oxidation of the bodies and/or the attack by immune cells producing the ROS. These findings suggest that Prx-1 may become a novel target of drugs and vaccines for @entity2040 .

title: Peroxiredoxin-1 from @entity2042 functions as a scavenger against XXXX but not @entity842 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity2469 :: ('MESH:D020122', 'Chemical') :: ['t-butyl hydroperoxide']

entities_list: @entity2470 :: ('MESH:C007164', 'Chemical') :: ['cumene-hydroperoxide']

entities_list: @entity2042 :: ('6182', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma japonicum']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Childhood-onset @entity1252 (cSLE) comprises 15-20% of @entity1 with @entity1252 . Although several studies have reported the outcomes of adult-onset @entity1252 , few investigations have been conducted on cSLE in the Middle East. METHODS: In a retrospective study, all @entity1 with @entity1252 admitted to our tertiary referral center between 1992 and 2011 were recruited. The clinical and laboratory data at the time of onset were recorded and analyzed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate the survival rates. Cox regression analysis was applied to assess the predictors of mortality. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-eight @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1252 were enrolled during the study period. Nine @entity1 were censored due to loss to follow-up (6) and incomplete data (3 cases). Mean age of @entity1 at the time of onset was 14.4 (3.05) years. Only 22 (11.8%) @entity1 were younger than 10 years at the time of disease onset. In total, 20 @entity1 (11%) died, all after the first decade of life. The most common cause of death was @entity1988 (10 @entity1 , 50% of deaths) followed by @entity281 (35%), @entity64 (10%) and @entity548 (5%). Cumulative survival rate after 5, 10, 15 and 20 years was 91, 87, 85, and 79%, respectively. Having @entity811 or @entity5641 at the time of @entity1252 onset had a negative effect on survival in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: cSLE survival in Iran was comparable to that in other developing countries. Baseline presentation with @entity811 predominantly increased the mortality rate in cSLE. Prospective and larger studies in future may unfold other aspects of cSLE.

title: The association between initial manifestations of childhood-onset XXXX and the survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accidents']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: In the last decade there have been major advances in endoscopic surgery including ureteroscopy and laparoscopy, both of which may cause @entity1901 . We sought to determine if increased use of these procedures affected the frequency and nature of major iatrogenic @entity1901 managed at our medical center. From 1980 to 1984 we treated 8 @entity1 with such @entity130 compared to 19 @entity1 treated from 1985 to 1989. The most recent period corresponded to the institution of ureteroscopy and the use of more aggressive laparoscopic procedures. Of the @entity1 14 sustained @entity130 at our center while 13 were referred from other institutions. Between 1985 and 1989 the incidence of @entity130 per total hospital admissions at risk increased from 4 to 11 per 10,000 (p = 0.0067), the incidence of @entity130 increased from 4 to 23 per 10,000 (p = 0.0071) and the incidence of @entity130 occurring in gynecologic @entity1 increased from 13 to 41 per 10,000 admissions (p = 0.0385). There was no difference in the incidence of @entity130 in the general surgical population. From 1980 to 1984 no laparoscopic or ureteroscopic @entity130 occurred. However, from 1985 to 1989, 25% of gynecologic @entity130 occurred during laparoscopy and 70% of @entity130 were sustained during ureteroscopic procedures. Depending on the extent of the injury, @entity1 were initially treated with either endourological or open surgical procedures. Good results were obtained in the majority of cases. Contemporary therapeutic strategies for treating @entity1 sustaining @entity1901 are discussed.

title: Changing incidence and etiology of iatrogenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral injuries', 'ureteral injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'urological injuries']

answer: @entity1901 :: (MESH:D014515,Disease) :: ['ureteral injuries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize clinical features, CSF biomarkers and genetic polymorphisms of @entity1 suffering from a rapidly progressing subtype of @entity195 (rpAD). METHODS: Retrospective analyses of 32 neuropathologically confirmed cases differentially diagnosed as @entity195 out of a group with rapidly progressive @entity303 . CSF biomarkers (14-3-3, tau, beta-amyloid 1-42) and genetic markers ( @entity3669 codon 129, @entity2204 , @entity2204 , polymorphism) were determined. RESULTS: Median survival was 26 months, age at onset 73 years. Biomarkers: mean beta-amyloid 1-42: 266 pg/ml, median tau: 491 pg/ml, 14-3-3 positive: 31%. Genetic polymorphisms showed a predominance of @entity1853 homozygosity at @entity3669 codon 129 and a low frequency of @entity2204 (38%, no homozygous @entity1 ). Thirty-five symptoms were studied. Frequent symptoms were @entity2045 (75%), disturbed gait (66%) and @entity2003 (50%). DISCUSSION: rpAD is associated with a diversity of neurological signs even able to mimic @entity3605 . Biomarkers and genetic profile differ from those seen in classical @entity195 . The findings on biomarkers, symptomatology and genetics may aid the differential diagnostic process.

title: Clinical features of rapidly progressive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['ApoE', 'apolipoprotein E', 'ApoE4']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity3605 :: ('MESH:D007562', 'Disease') :: ['Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's dementia"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: We cloned the @entity35 @entity20424 ( @entity20424 ) gene, characterized its organization, and studied its promoter activity and regulation. A genomic DNA library was constructed and screened using an @entity20424 complementary DNA (cDNA) as a probe. An 8.6-kilobase pair (kbp) clone was partially sequenced and compared with the sequence of the previously cloned cDNA. It helped complete the cDNA sequence and identify the first noncoding exon (exon 0). The transcription start site was identified using an RNase protection assay. The @entity20424 genomic clone contained 1.2 kbp 5'-flanking and 1.7 kbp 3'-flanking regions. The sizes of exons and introns of the @entity20424 gene are similar to those of the @entity1 @entity3939 gene, belonging to the @entity563 protease inhibitor family. The 5'-flanking region contains a TATA box, a CAAT box, and a consensus sequence for the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-binding site. We tested the promoter activity of the 1.2-kbp 5'-flanking region using a luciferase reporter plasmid. When transfected into a hepatocyte-derived cell line (HepG2), the plasmid construct containing the fragment -1227 to +11 (transcription start site, +1) showed a 9-fold increase in luciferase activity compared with that of a promoterless luciferase vector. No promoter activity was detected in a nonhepatocyte-derived cell line (COS1). Serial 5'-deletion revealed that the construct containing the fragment -180 to +11 had 40% of the maximal promoter-induced luciferase activity. And that containing the fragment -53 to +11 showed no significant increase of luciferase activity. These results suggest that the region -180 to -53, containing hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-binding site, is essential to the liver-specific expression. We previously reported down-regulation of @entity20424 messenger RNA by T3 in vivo. The present study failed to show T3's effect on the promoter activity of the 1.2-kbp 5'-flanking region of the @entity20424 gene.

title: Molecular cloning of the XXXX thyroxine-binding globulin gene and analysis of its promoter activity.

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A small proportion of "thin" @entity320 will @entity3 and cause @entity204 . To assess the role of discordance between the major indicators of @entity5 depth (thickness and level) as a possible explanation for this phenomenon, prognosis by level has been examined in 255 cases, with @entity5 ranging in thickness from 0.6 to 1.1 mm. This is the range of thickness at which levels II, III, and IV overlap. The 5-year survival rate of @entity1 with level IV @entity5 in this thickness range (59.35%) was poor (p less than 0.0001), relative to that of @entity1 with level II (96.8%) and III (94.49%) lesions in the same range of @entity5 thickness. The distributions of other major prognostic indicators, among the groups of @entity1 with @entity5 at each level, were examined to assess the possible contribution of factors other than level to the differences in survival between the three groups. These differences in survival could not be attributed to differing distributions of @entity5 thickness, @entity5 location, or @entity1 sex. Of six prognostic variables, examined by @entity797 multivariate regression analysis, for @entity5 of thickness 0.6 to 1.1 mm, only level was found to have independent prognostic significance (p = 0.0025). The thin level IV @entity320 appears to be an important exception to the rule that this @entity320 are associated with an excellent prognosis. In this, as well as in other studies, after accounting for the effect on prognosis of @entity5 thickness, level has been shown to be a prognostic indicator with independent significance. The continued use of level as a prognostic indicator, in addition to thickness, is recommended.

title: Thin level IV XXXX . A subset in which level is the major prognostic indicator.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasize']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanomas', 'melanomas']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: Early results with @entity1260 plus mesna in soft tissue @entity242 showed an initial response rate of 38% in 42 @entity1 . All these @entity1 treated at The Royal Marsden Hospital plus 30 more (total 67) have now been analysed. Single doses of 5 or 8 g/m2 @entity1260 were given over 24 h by infusion in dextrose saline together with 400 mg/m2 or 600 mg/m2, respectively, of mesnum every 4 h to give a total of 9 doses. A diuresis of 200 ml/hour was maintained during therapy. Treatment was repeated 3-weekly. CR was seen in 6 and PR in 10 @entity1 . More recently @entity632 was added to @entity1260 therapy in an attempt to improve on these results. At first only 20 mg/m2 @entity632 was given but this was escalated to 40 mg/m2 and 60 mg/m2. Mesna has been given in higher dosage (5 g/m2 over 24 h), but otherwise the schedule is as above. In all 60 @entity1 have been treated and most are now evaluable for response. @entity75 has been seen with both regimens. The incidence and @entity1 characteristics are reported.

title: @entity1260 plus mesna with and without @entity632 in soft tissue XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: The clinical experience with @entity299 and "myxoid imitators" at the Humana Heart Institute International is reviewed and contrasted with a comprehensive review of the world literature. Twenty-two @entity1 with primary @entity4617 have been treated at our institution. Three (13.6%) of them had myxoid imitators, and 19 had classic @entity3291 . One of the 19 @entity1 with a classic @entity3291 had recurrence on two occasions (recurrence rate, 5.3%). The cases of 57 @entity1 from the world literature are reviewed. Recurrence and/or @entity3 (including formation of @entity5880 ) occurred in approximately 50% of these @entity1 . The overall mortality in these @entity1 was 47%. This review provides documentation of the malignant clinical behavior of @entity299 and myxoid imitators. Neither local recurrence nor regrowth of the @entity5 in a new location, whether intracardiac or extracardiac, can be predicted from the microscopic appearance of the @entity5 . Resection of the @entity3291 with a wide margin is the recommended surgical procedure but does not ensure a cure. Therefore, long-term follow-up is mandatory.

title: Malignant clinical behavior of XXXX and "myxoid imitators".

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5880 :: ('MESH:D000785', 'Disease') :: ['mycotic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3291 :: ('MESH:D009232', 'Disease') :: ['myxomas', 'myxoma']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac myxomas']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac myxomas']


abstract: Amputation of an @entity7547 limb causes severance of the brachial nerves, followed by their regeneration into a blastema. It is known that these nerves provide a neurotrophic factor to blastemal cells. To approach the problem of the response of spinal cord nerve centers to forelimb amputation, we have studied biosynthetic activities in the nerve centers involved in @entity21 during limb regeneration. We report that the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the spinal cord is elevated 2 days (+69%) and 7 days (+28%) after limb amputation compared with levels in unamputated control animals, but is not significantly elevated at 3 h or 15 days. The percentages of slow (3.6S and 6.0S) and fast (18S) sedimenting forms of AChE progressively decrease 2 and 7 days after amputation, while those of intermediate sedimenting forms (10.5S and 14.0S) increase. Fifteen days after amputation, lower molecular weight forms return to the control level, but the heavy molecular weight form of AChE is absent as at 7 days; consequently intermediate molecular weight forms are in a greater proportion than the other two forms. @entity1877 acetyltransferase activity was measured only 2 days after amputation (when AChE was at its highest level). It increases by about 34% with regard to the controls. @entity1425 is higher than controls 2 days after amputation, while @entity1063 is not significantly modified. The metabolic changes observed in the spinal cord during limb regeneration probably are the result of a general reaction to the stress of amputation (transection of brachial nerves) and regeneration of nerve fibers, since similar metabolic activities were observed after a simple denervation of the two unamputated forelimbs.

title: Activities of acetylcholinesterase, @entity1877 acetyltransferase, and catecholamine production in the spinal cord of the XXXX @entity7547 during forelimb regeneration.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['Adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['axonal injury']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity7547 :: (8296,Species) :: ['axolotl']


abstract: Twenty eight Hungarian @entity1 lacking a compatible related donor and their 61 HLA-A,B,DR serologically identical potential unrelated donors (selected from BMDW) were investigated in this study. Out of the 61 donor-recipient pairs only 7 (11,5%) proved to be HLA-identical at DNA level. Thirty one pairs (50,8%) differed in DP alleles, 1 pair (1,6%) has a DQ mismatch only and 22 (36,1%) pairs differed in more alleles. More than one potential donor was found for 26 @entity1 and 5 of them have several donors with DP mismatches only. Among the 31 donor-recipient pairs differing only in DP alleles, 0, 1 and 2 mismatches were observed in GvH direction in 7, 10 and 14 cases, respectively. In the @entity3097 assay no proliferative response was observed when no DP mismatch has been found. Among the 1 and 2 DP mismatched cases 11 (35,5%) gave negative and 13 (41,9%) gave positive MLR results. We have found a large scatter in RR values. On the basis of the DNA typing and MLR results we have found that @entity3099 *0101-0201 stimulator-responder combination always gave negative MLR in both direction. @entity3099 *0201-0301 and DPB1*0301-0401 allele combinations were reactive in all cases. In conclusion @entity3097 assay might indicate the low immunogeneicity in certain DP allele combinations as well as the avoidable positive combinations, which may help to select the best fitting donor for BMT.

title: Influence of @entity3099 mismatches on MLR responses: the role of high resolution HLA class II typing and XXXX in unrelated donor selection for BMT.

answer: @entity3097 :: (23209,Gene) :: ['MLC']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An efficient sample extraction and clean-up method was developed for simultaneous determination of five @entity6346 herbicides ( @entity17031 , @entity17032 , @entity17033 , @entity17034 , and @entity17035 ) in fish samples. The protocol consisted of ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction and solid-phase extraction clean-up. In detail, aliquots of homogenized fish flesh were thoroughly mixed with 20 mL of @entity1045 and then extracted with ultrasonication for 40 min. Each sample was centrifuged and the supernatant was collected for the subsequent clean-up. For the sample preparation, the above supernatant was processed with a C18 column with 3 mL of @entity1044 / @entity1045 (1:1, v/v) as the eluant. Then the samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. The correlation coefficients of the five calibration curves were 0.9976-0.9998 (n = 3). The limits of detection (S/N = 3, n = 11) and limits of quantification (S/N = 10, n = 11) were 0.19-0.42 and 0.63-1.39  g/kg, respectively. The recoveries of this method were 71.2-92.6% with good precision (<4.7% relative standard deviations, n = 6). The developed method was successfully applied to monitor the five @entity6346 herbicides in fish samples collected from different cities. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Ultrasound-assisted extraction and solid-phase extraction for the simultaneous determination of five XXXX herbicides in fish samples by gas chromatography with electron capture detection.

entities_list: @entity17033 :: ('MESH:C470819', 'Chemical') :: ['propisochlor']

entities_list: @entity1044 :: ('MESH:D008752', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloromethane']

entities_list: @entity17035 :: ('MESH:C054409', 'Chemical') :: ['butachlor']

entities_list: @entity17034 :: ('MESH:C521990', 'Chemical') :: ['metazachlor']

entities_list: @entity17032 :: ('MESH:C043377', 'Chemical') :: ['acetochlor']

answer: @entity6346 :: (CHEBI:32988,Chemical) :: ['amide']


abstract: We report the case of a 70-year-old female @entity1 with @entity1986 ( @entity1986 ) induced by @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ). The @entity1 had a 22-year history of @entity162 . Approximately 50  days before admission to our hospital, she was switched from @entity1092 to 200  mg/day @entity2050 for @entity1316 . Forty days later, she presented with mild transient @entity1423 and @entity409 along with a @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) level of 2.65  mg/dL. At that time, she discontinued @entity2050 without consulting the doctor. She subsequently developed high fever and a @entity1910 . Laboratory tests revealed an elevated @entity1851 level (11.98  mg/dL) and serum @entity1011 (sCr) of 1.6  mg/dL. Hence, she was admitted to our hospital, where she showed @entity1712 and immunoglobulin suppression. She was diagnosed with atypical @entity56 ( @entity56 ). All drugs prescribed by the previous doctor were discontinued. A lymphocyte transformation test showed @entity2050 positivity; a renal biopsy revealed many @entity75 connected to arterioles, without angionecrotic findings. The @entity1 had no history of @entity56 or @entity378 . Because of psychological instability, we treated her conservatively without @entity134 administration. She had a good recovery except for mild @entity177 (sCr, 1.0  mg/dL). Although @entity738 formation has been observed in kidney biopsy specimens of rare cases with @entity56 , no previous studies have reported on the relationship between arterioles and @entity738 formation.

title: Granulomatous @entity1986 associated with atypical XXXX induced by @entity2049 .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['pruritic maculopapular rash']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet depletion']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['residual renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood swings']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disorders', 'DIHS', 'drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous interstitial nephritis', 'GIN']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the immunogenicity of the @entity1956 and @entity327 type b components and the overall safety and reactogenicity of the DTPw- @entity97 /Hib vaccine when given as primary vaccination to Indian @entity1 . DESIGN AND METHODS: At 3 centers in India, 225 healthy @entity1 (who had received @entity97 at birth) received three doses of DTPw- @entity97 /Hib vaccine at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age. Serum anti-HBs and anti-PRP antibody levels were measured prior to vaccination and one month post dose 3. Solicited local and general symptoms reported during the 4-day follow-up period and unsolicited adverse event reported during the 30-day follow-up period after each dose were recorded. Serious adverse events were recorded throughout the study. RESULTS: A total of 219 subjects completed the study. 2.7% and 11.5% of all administered doses led to redness and swelling >20 mm, respectively; only 3.6% of doses were followed by severe @entity158 (cried when limb was moved, spontaneously @entity158 ) within 4 days after vaccination. Fever exceeding 39.5C was recorded following only one dose in one subject. The percentage of doses followed by severe solicited general symptoms (symptoms that prevented normal activity) did not exceed 0.8%. Two SAEs were reported, neither of which were considered as related to vaccination. One month post-dose 3, all subjects had seroprotective antiPRP antibody concentrations (> or =0.15 microgram/mL) and 98.6% had concentrations > or =1 microgram/mL; 99% were seropositive for antiHBs (concentrations > or = 3 mIU/mL) and 99% were seroprotected (concentrations > or = 10 mIU/mL). CONCLUSION: The combination DTPw- @entity97 /Hib vaccine is immunogenic (for the antigens tested), safe and well tolerated in Indian @entity1 .

title: Immunogenicity and safety of combined diphtheria tetanus whole cell pertussis hepatitis B/ XXXX type b vaccine in Indian @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity327 :: (727,Species) :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Physician-visit length is an important determinant of @entity1 satisfaction and outcomes. Our objective was to compare visit length for @entity344 between gastroenterologists and primary-care providers (PCPs). METHODS: From the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, visits to office-based physician practices between 1993 and 2004 were identified and multivariate regression was used to identify predictors of visit duration. RESULTS: There were 3135, 3391, and 3964 office visits associated with @entity344 , corresponding to 71, 140, and 180 million visits nationwide in 1993-1996, 1997-2000, and 2001-2004 respectively. Visit duration to all physicians increased from 17.3 minutes in 1993-1996 to 20.2 minutes in 2001-2004. Among gastroenterologists, visit length remained constant, from 21.0 minutes in 1993-1996 to 22.3 minutes in 2001-2004. On multivariate regression, age >50 years (1.8 minutes), new- @entity1 encounters (7.4 minutes), and visits in 1997-2000 (2.7 minutes) and 2001-2004 (3.4 minutes) were associated with longer visit length. Encounters with gastroenterologists (3.3 minutes) were associated with longer visit duration than those with PCPs. The greatest adjusted difference in visit length between the two was seen for visits associated with @entity1142 (5.7 minutes favoring gastroenterologists) and @entity1744 (2.4 minutes). CONCLUSIONS: There has been an overall increase in length of physician visits associated with @entity344 . Both @entity1 and provider factors predict visit length.

title: Length of office visits for XXXX : impact of physician specialty.

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease', 'gastrointestinal disorders']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Psychiatric advance directives allow @entity1 with severe @entity1032 to document their preferences for particular medications. This study investigated the role of @entity146 advance directives in treatment choice and medication adherence. METHODS: A total of 123 @entity1 with severe @entity1032 recorded medication preferences in @entity146 advance directives. The authors compared medication preferences to prescribed medications over 12 months, determined concordance between preferred and prescribed medications, and examined the effect of concordance on medication adherence at 12 months. RESULTS: @entity1 requested a median of two medications in their @entity146 advance directives (range from zero to six) and refused a median of one medication (range from zero to ten). Between baseline and follow-up there was a 27% increase in the number of medications prescribed that had been requested on the @entity146 advance directive (Wilcoxon matched pairs, p<.001). After correction for the number of medications listed in the @entity146 advance directive, a 10% increase in concordance remained significant (p<.001). Being prescribed at least one medication requested in the @entity146 advance directive predicted higher medication adherence at 12 months, after the analysis controlled for relevant covariates (odds ratio=7.8, 95% confidence interval=1.8-34.0). CONCLUSIONS: Providing information about medication preferences in @entity146 advance directives may increase prescribing of @entity1 -preferred medications even in noncrisis settings. @entity1 who were prescribed medications that they requested in advance were significantly more likely to adhere to medications, supporting the benefit of @entity1 participation in medication choice. Psychiatric advance directives appear to be a clinically useful conduit for communicating @entity1 medication preferences.

title: Medication preferences and adherence among individuals with severe XXXX and @entity146 advance directives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental illness']


abstract: @entity6985 gained Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for treatment of @entity1 with relapsed or refractory @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) in combination with @entity619 in June 2006. In April 2005, the FDA and @entity1 advocacy groups requested an expanded access programme to both provide @entity6985 to @entity1 likely to benefit and obtain additional safety information. Relapsed/refractory @entity1582 @entity1 received @entity6985 25 mg/d (days 1-21) and @entity619 40 mg/d (days 1-4, 9-12, and 17-20 of cycles 1-4; days 1-4 only from cycle 5 onwards), in 4-week cycles until disease progression, study drug discontinuation, or @entity6985 approval. Of the 1438 @entity1 enrolled, approximately 60% were male, median age was 64 years, and 61.7% had @entity5 . Median time on study was 15.4 weeks (range: 0.1-49.1) and median dose was 25 mg. The most common adverse events (AEs) were haematological (49%), gastrointestinal (59%), and @entity1295 (55%). The most common grade > or =3 AEs were haematological (45%), @entity1295 (10%), and @entity55 (7%). The most common serious AEs were @entity55 (8%), @entity221 (4%), and @entity1150 (3%). Primary cause of @entity204 was disease progression (10%). Safety data confirmed known AEs of @entity6985 plus @entity619 therapy in @entity1 with relapsed/refractory @entity1582 .

title: Expanded safety experience with @entity6985 plus @entity619 in relapsed or refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Durie-Salmon stage III disease']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep-vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['Lenalidomide', 'lenalidomide']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: The objective was to evaluate the reliability and safety of laparoscopic ileocolic resection for @entity30 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From June 1995 to February 1999, 40 @entity1 underwent a laparoscopic ileocolic resection for @entity30 . Fistulizing disease, phlegmons and @entity1 with previous laparotomy were excluded. Early morbidity, postoperative comfort and clinical recurrence were rates evaluated. RESULTS: No intra-operative incident or conversion occurred. Mean operating time was 163 min. Complications occurred in three @entity1 : 1 pelvic @entity1410 with @entity281 , 1 protracted ileus (7 days), 1 @entity49 . Opiate analgesics were used for a mean period of 3.1 days. Delay before bowel movements was 3.2 days. Post-operative hospital stay was 8 days. Mean size of the wound was 4.1 cm. Twelve @entity1 (30%) developed long-term clinical recurrence; the mean disease-free interval was 10 months. No @entity1 required secondary re-operation. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic ileocolic resection was reliable and safe in the treatment of @entity30 . The possible role of this method in the treatment of fistulizing disease or recurrence has to be evaluated.

title: [Laparoscopic ileo-colic resection in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['super-infection']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's ileal strictures", "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical characteristics of @entity15 ( @entity15 ) and @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) for better diagnosis and differential diagnosis of them. METHODS: The characteristics of 40 @entity15 and 38 @entity1652 cases were retrospectively studied on clinic manifestations, electroneurophysiology, some laboratory indices, imaging characteristics and so on. RESULTS: The ratios of male to female were 1:1.35 and 1:4.43 respectively in @entity1 with @entity15 and @entity1652 , so @entity1 with @entity1652 were more likely to be female as compared with @entity15 (P < 0.05). The mean onset age was (35.5 +/- 13.9) years in @entity15 @entity1 and (30.6 +/- 15.6) years in @entity1652 @entity1 , but no significant difference was found (P > 0.05). The cases of visual acuity </= 0.1 in @entity1 @entity1652 was 13, which of @entity15 was merely 1. The cases of visual acuity less than 0.5 after treatment in @entity1652 @entity1 was 19, which in @entity15 was only 1. The cases of @entity73 in @entity1652 was 3, which of @entity15 was 10. The cases of cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands in @entity15 was 16, which in @entity1652 @entity1 was 9. The lesions of spinal cord shown in MRI of @entity15 @entity1 were typically oval, peripheral and asymmetric, but those in @entity1652 @entity1 extended longitudinally and converged centrally. The mean number of involved @entity1347 in @entity1652 @entity1 was significantly greater than that in @entity15 @entity1 (6.6 vs 2.2, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the number of @entity602 in @entity15 @entity1 was alse remarkably greater than that in @entity1652 @entity1 (2.0 vs 1.2, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1652 may be a distinct clinical entity, which is likely to be differentiated from @entity15 by its tendency to affect @entity1 , younger age at onset, and other features clinical manifestations, electroneurophysiology, laboratory parameters, neuroimaging show.

title: [A clinical comparative study of @entity15 and XXXX .].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['NMO', 'neuromyelitis optica']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral segments']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord lesions']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1652 :: (MESH:D009471,Disease) :: ['neuromyelitis optica']


abstract: We have established an in vitro angiogenesis model using @entity1 omental microvascular endothelial (HOME) cells, in which epidermal growth factor (EGF) or transforming growth factor-alpha ( @entity7790 ) stimulated cell migration and tube formation. In this study, we examined whether @entity19523 ( @entity19523 ) and its synthetic 20 derivatives showed inhibition of cell migration and tubular formation of HOME cells. We found that @entity19523 inhibits @entity1426 metabolism, while @entity19523 and one derivative, @entity19524 , inhibit tubular formation of endothelial cells in our model system. Confluent monolayers of HOME cells were damaged with a razor blade and incubated with or without @entity7790 ; HOME cell migration was stimulated about 1.5-fold over control values in the presence of @entity7790 . Treatment of HOME cells with @entity19523 or @entity19524 inhibited both spontaneous and @entity7790 -stimulated migration. @entity19523 or @entity19524 inhibited @entity7790 -induced HOME-cell tube formation in type-1 collagen gels. We examined whether these compounds could modulate tubular formation of HOME cells induced by @entity1 @entity5 cells. Enhanced tube formation of HOME cells by co-cultured @entity418 cells was almost completely inhibited by co-administration of @entity19523 or @entity19524 . Both compounds also inhibited formation of tubular networks of HOME cells on Matrigels. We also examined anti-angiogenic activity of these compounds in an in vivo model system of @entity5 angiogenesis in @entity19 . In this system, @entity19524 inhibited development of capillary networks at a rate comparable to that of a well-known anti-angiogenic compound, @entity19525 , but @entity19523 did not. The inhibitor of @entity1426 metabolism is thus expected to modulate @entity5 angiogenesis.

title: Anti-angiogenic activity of @entity1426 metabolism inhibitors in angiogenesis model systems involving XXXX microvascular endothelial cells and neovascularization in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity19523 :: ('MESH:C083771', 'Chemical') :: ['GR-12', 'alpha-guaiaconic acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity19525 :: ('MESH:C026211', 'Chemical') :: ['fumagillin']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early @entity645 studies suggested protective associations of overweight against mortality, yet data are lacking for the era of potent highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We evaluated associations of pre-HAART initiation body mass index (BMI) with mortality among HAART-using @entity1 . METHODS: Prospective study of time to death after HAART initiation among continuous HAART users in the @entity1 's Interagency @entity645 Study. Unadjusted Kaplan-Meier and adjusted proportional hazards survival models assessed time to @entity791 and non- @entity791 death by last measured pre-HAART BMI. RESULTS: Of 1428 continuous HAART users 39 (2.7%) were underweight, 521 (36.5%) normal weight, 441 (30.9%) overweight, and 427 (29.9%) @entity28 at time of HAART initiation. A total of 322 @entity204 occurred during median follow-up of 10.4 years (IQR 5.9-14.6). Censoring at non- @entity791 death, the highest rate of @entity791 death was observed among underweight @entity1 (p = 0.0003 for all 4 categories). In multivariate models, @entity1 underweight prior to HAART died from @entity791 more than twice as rapidly vs. normal weight @entity1 (aHR 2.04, 95% CI 1.03, 4.04); but being overweight or @entity28 (vs. normal weight) was not independently associated with @entity791 death. Cumulative incidence of non- @entity791 death was similar across all pre-HAART BMI categories. CONCLUSIONS: Among continuous HAART-using @entity1 , being overweight prior to initiation was not associated with lower risk of @entity791 or non- @entity791 death. Being underweight prior to HAART was associated with over double the rate of @entity791 death in adjusted analyses. Although overweight and @entity28 may be associated with many adverse health conditions, neither was predictive of mortality among the HAART-using @entity1 .

title: Relationship between Body Mass Index and Mortality in @entity645 -Infected HAART Users in the XXXX 's Interagency @entity645 Study.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cortical tubers are a pathognomonic finding in some @entity1 with @entity2916 ( @entity2916 ), and are believed to be epileptogenic foci. Surgery is an effective option in selected @entity1 with @entity2916 who are refractory to medical therapy. This article describes three @entity1 with @entity2916 who underwent three-stage @entity302 surgery at our center, with the intention of examining local electrophysiological changes after each stage of the procedure. METHODS: Magnetic resonance images were obtained after initial implantation of electrodes and after resection and electrode reimplantation. These images were co-registered and overlaid. The intracranial grids were overlaid in a similar procedure and manually traced, and then added to the volumetric image. Mean spike counts were obtained for each @entity1 and expressed in spikes per minute. Statistical analysis was performed on spike counts prior to and after resection. RESULTS: All three @entity1 displayed intense spiking in the regions around the dominant epileptogenic tuber. On tuber removal, spike counts diminished significantly. In each case, new areas of spiking emerged in regions remote from the tuber periphery after tuber resection, with the emergence of secondary ictal onset zones in the resection margin. CONCLUSION: This retrospective study highlights some common electrophysiological features among the @entity1 examined. The observed epileptogenic activity and regions of ictal onset suggest that it may be the region of brain tissue surrounding the tuber that is responsible for the majority of epileptogenic activity in these @entity1 .

title: Local epileptogenic networks in XXXX : a case review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis complex', 'TSC']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity2916 :: (MESH:D014402,Disease) :: ['tuberous sclerosis complex']


abstract: PURPOSE: The occurrence of @entity455 in @entity1467 has been sporadically reported in the literature. These rare disorders have a wide spectrum of anatomical and clinical presentations. The aim of this communication was to describe the clinical course, imaging features, and management approaches in @entity1 with this association. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search of the databases of the @entity455 Center and the Department of Radiology at @entity1 's Hospital Boston for @entity1 with @entity1467 and @entity455 . Medical records and imaging studies of varying modalities were reviewed. RESULTS: Three @entity1 with @entity1467 and @entity154 (portosystemic shunt, simple arterioportal shunt, complex arterioportal shunt) were managed at our institution. The portosystemic shunt was clinically insignificant and resolved without any intervention. The simple arterioportal shunt was successfully treated with embolization. The complex arterioportal shunt was associated with major @entity299 and the @entity1 ultimately expired despite a decrease in the arterioportal shunting after embolization. CONCLUSIONS: Three is a wide spectrum of clinical and anatomical features of portal vascular shunts in @entity1467 . The management approach should be tailored based on the severity of symptoms. Percutaneous embolization can offer a safe, effective, and minimally invasive alternative to the surgical approach in selective cases.

title: XXXX in @entity1467 : spectrum of clinical presentation and management approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['portal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular Anomalies', 'portal vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['Down syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cardiac defects']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['Portal vascular anomalies']


abstract: AIM: The objective of this study was to evaluate the adjuvant chemotherapy with @entity136 , @entity1311 , and @entity900 for @entity189 . METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 with invasive @entity1606 of the urothelium were treated between 2001 and 2007. All @entity1 received chemotherapy with intravenous @entity136 at a dose of 1000 mg/mC on Days 1 and 8, intravenous @entity1311 at a dose of 80 mg/mC on Days 1 and 8, and intravenous @entity900 at a dose of 50 mg/mC on Day 2. Treatment courses were repeated every 21 days. RESULTS: Median follow-up period was 32.5 months. Six @entity1 came to progressive disease. The median overall survival was not reached, and the actuarial 1-year and 2-year survival rates were 89% and 67% respectively. The median progression-free survival was 10.0 months. Median survival time for @entity1 with ECOG status 0, and 1 was 52.0, and 22.0 months respectively. Grade 4 @entity1398 occurred in 18.5% of @entity1 , but there was no treatment related mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity136 , @entity1311 , and @entity900 is a highly effective and tolerable regimen for @entity1 with invasive @entity1606 of the urothelium. This treatment should be considered as a suitable option that deserves further prospective evaluation. ECOG performance status is an important predictive factors for survival.

title: @entity136 , @entity1311 , and @entity900 as combined adjuvant approach in XXXX of the urothelium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1606 :: (MESH:D002295,Disease) :: ['transitional cell carcinoma']


abstract: The aim of this study was to validate in @entity35 an alternative to the radioactive microspheres (RM) reference technique, the fluorescent microspheres (FM), for the simultaneous determination of cardiac index (CI) and @entity450 ( @entity450 ). Validation of the FM method was performed in three steps: (a) comparison of CI and @entity450 values obtained simultaneously by FM and RM, (b) determination of the repeatability of the measurements by using two successive injections of FM, and (c) evaluation of the ability of the FM method to assess vasodilating effects (by using @entity4341 ). CI values (range, 242-513 ml/min x kg; n = 20) obtained with FM correlated with those obtained with RM (r = 0.82: p<0.001), and agreement was found between FM and RM (error 95% confidence interval for one pair, +/-125 ml/min x kg). FM @entity450 values, although smaller than corresponding RM @entity450 values, were correlated with the latter (range, 0.1-7 ml/min x g; n = 71; r = 0.99; p< 0.001). Agreement was dependent on @entity450 values, e.g., error 95% confidence intervals for one pair were 0.08-0.13 and 3.86-6.48 for 0.1 and 5 ml/min x g, respectively. Two successive FM injections at a 10-min interval (conscious @entity35 ) provided similar values (n = 14) for CI (306+/-24 vs. 346+/- 18 ml/min x kg), and renal (5.1+/-0.2 vs. 6.2+/-0.3 ml/min x g), left (6.1+/-0.3 vs. 5.8+/-0.4 ml/min x g) and right (4.8+/-0.4 vs. 4.7+/-0.3 ml/min x g) myocardial @entity450 . Corresponding error 95% confidence intervals were +/-187 ml/min x kg, +/-2.8, +/-2.2, and +/-2.0 ml/min x g, respectively. @entity4341 (2, 4, 6, and 8 mg/kg x min for 10 min, i.v.; n = 9-13 per group, conscious @entity35 ) significantly and dose dependently increased left and right myocardial blood flows, whereas renal blood flow was not affected. We conclude that the FM technique (a) is reliable and in agreement with the RM method, (b) provides repeatable measurements of systemic and regional hemodynamics, and (c) allows detection and quantification of vasodilating effects in @entity35 .

title: Systemic and regional hemodynamics assessment in XXXX with fluorescent microspheres.

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole', 'Dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['RBF', 'regional blood flows']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity130 is the most common cause of spinal cord-related disability. There are approximately 52 new @entity1566 per million population per year in the U.S., and about 200,000 @entity1 with post-traumatic @entity451 or @entity1688 require continuing medical care in this country at the present time. Management of the spinal cord-injured @entity1 commences at the moment of injury and continues throughout the entire lifetime of the @entity1 . While there is considerable consensus regarding the management of some problems related to @entity1566 , other treatment concerns, mainly related to @entity174 , are highly controversial, with a plethora of strongly held opinions, frequently supported by meager factual evidence or none at all. It is not generally recognized that whatever treatment the @entity1 receives during the first days or weeks following injury is of considerably less importance, from a lifelong perspective, than that which occurs over subsequent months. Skillful physical rehabilitation to maximize the functional usefulness of remaining neurological function permits the return of most spinal cord-injured @entity1 to their family and community able to function as an independent @entity1 . Paraplegic and @entity1688 @entity1 acquire health risks unique to their condition, mainly related to pressure sore liability and altered bladder function, which requires continual, meticulous attention from the @entity1 and his physician. The sudden transition from being an unimpaired to a permanently paralyzed @entity1 is a cataclysmic emotional experience. Unless psychic rehabilitation is undertaken in tandem with physical rehabilitation, a spinal cord-injured @entity1 is likely to become an unhappy social recluse or denizen of a chronic care facility, rather than an independent productive member of his community. Centers dedicated to comprehensive spinal cord care have become generally available and provide optimal care for @entity1566 .

title: Modern concepts of therapy and management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriplegic', 'quadriplegia']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['spinal fractures']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic myelopathy', 'spinal cord injuries']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injuries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The lipid-derived inflammatory mediators leukotrienes (LTs) are produced during @entity1317 . The aim of the present study was to determine the role of LT receptor signaling in the pathophysiology of in-stent @entity850 . METHODS AND RESULTS: New Zealand White @entity95 were fed 0.3% @entity165 and subjected to angioplasty with @entity384 and stent implantation in the right carotid artery. @entity95 treated for 2 weeks with the BLT receptor antagonist @entity24888 (3 mg/kg once daily by oral gavage) displayed a significantly reduced in-stent intimal @entity1373 in carotid arteries compared with vehicle-treated @entity95 . In addition, @entity24888 treatment significantly reduced the extracellular @entity2501 and @entity2502 activities in stented arteries. The inhibited @entity2502 activity was correlated with decreased macrophage content in the lesions. The LTB(4)-induced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells was significantly inhibited by transfection with siRNA against @entity2501 . Finally, @entity1 arteries subjected to ex vivo angioplasty and stent implantation displayed an increased in-stent intimal @entity1373 and higher @entity5379 activities in the presence of @entity8285 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a key role of LT signaling in the extracellular matrix degradation associated with @entity407 and in-stent @entity850 . In conclusion, targeting LT receptors may represent a therapeutic strategy in @entity731 and interventional cardiology.

title: Leukotriene receptor antagonism and the prevention of extracellular matrix degradation during XXXX and in-stent @entity850 .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbits']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: The clinical efficacy, antibacterial activity and adverse effects of @entity2177 ( @entity19000 ) and @entity800 ( @entity19001 ) produced in our country were compared in five clinical hospital in Beijing and Guangzhou in 1992. Two groups, each consisting of 100 cases, were treated with @entity19000 and @entity19001 respectively. The total cure rate was 79% and effective rate 94% after one course of treatment. There was no difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). The positive rate of presence of pathogens was 95% in both groups, but the rate of transformation from positive to negative after one course of treatment was 95.8% ( @entity19001 ) and 87.4% ( @entity19000 ) respectively. The difference between the two groups was significant (P < 0.05). 99 and 96 strains of bacteria were detected in the @entity19000 and @entity19001 group respectively; the elimination rate was 87.9% and 95.8% (P < 0.05). Incidence of adverse effects was 12% ( @entity19001 ) and 21% ( @entity19000 ) respectively. In a word, both drugs are effective in treating @entity2348 of digestive system, urinary system and respiratory tract. They are safe and reliable. @entity19001 is better than @entity19000 in bacteria elimination and incidence of adverse effects.

title: [Clinical efficacy of XXXX and @entity800 ].

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['ofloxacin']

answer: @entity2177 :: (MESH:D002939,Chemical) :: ['ciprofloxacin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Obscure @entity360 (OGIB), particularly occult, has been reported to be caused by @entity5293 rarely from tropical countries, particularly India. Hence, we undertook a retrospective study evaluating frequency, clinical spectrum, and outcome of @entity1 with OGIB associated with @entity5294 . Data of consecutive @entity1 with OGIB undergoing capsule endoscopy in a multilevel university hospital in northern India were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty-one out of 163 (13  %) @entity1 with OGIB had @entity5293 detected on capsule endoscopy. Of 21 @entity1 (median age 65  years [range 19-82], 17 [81  %] male), 16 had overt and 5 had occult OGIB. Another lesion that could explain OGIB was present in 8/21 @entity1 , 3/5 with OGIB occult, and 5/16 overt (p   =   ns). All the @entity1 received treatment with @entity3753 and appropriate measures for the associated lesion, if any. @entity1 with @entity5293 with another lesion experienced recurrent @entity548 more often than those with @entity5294 only. @entity5293 is an important cause of occult as well as overt OGIB and may be present even in association with another lesion. Those with additional lesion had recurrent @entity548 more often than those with @entity5294 alone.

title: @entity5293 is not an uncommon cause of obscure occult and overt XXXX in an endemic area: A study using capsule endoscopy.

entities_list: @entity5293 :: ('MESH:D006725', 'Disease') :: ['hookworm infestation', 'Hookworm infestation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5294 :: ('MESH:D004320', 'Disease') :: ['worm infestation']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: @entity1229 is an established treatment for prevention of @entity64 in @entity1 with @entity955 , but the value of this agent relative to @entity117 in unclear. In the first @entity64 Prevention in @entity955 (SPAF-I) study, direct comparison of @entity1229 with @entity117 was limited by the small number of @entity1031 events. SPAF-II aims to address this issue and also to assess the differential effects of the two treatments according to age. We compared @entity1229 (prothrombin time ratio 1.3-1.8, international normalised ratio 2.0-4.5) with @entity117 325 mg daily for prevention of @entity64 (primary events) in two parallel randomised trials involving 715 @entity1 aged 75 years or less and 385 @entity1 older than 75; we sought reductions in the absolute rate of primary events by @entity1229 compared with @entity117 of 2% per year and 4% per year, respectively. In the younger @entity1 , @entity1229 decreased the absolute rate of primary events by 0.7% per year (95% CI-0.4 to 1.7). The primary event rate per year was 1.3% with @entity1229 and 1.9% with @entity117 (relative risk [RR] 0.67, p = 0.24). The absolute rate of primary events in low-risk younger @entity1 (without @entity101 , @entity712 , or previous @entity1031 ) on @entity117 was 0.5% per year (95% CI 0.1 to 1.9). Among older @entity1 , @entity1229 decreased the absolute rate of primary events by 1.2% per year (95% CI-1.7 to 4.1). The primary event rate per year was 3.6% with @entity1229 and 4.8% with @entity117 (RR 0.73, p = 0.39). In this older group, the rate of all @entity64 with residual deficit (ischaemic or @entity548 ) was 4.3% per year with @entity117 and 4.6% per year with @entity1229 (RR 1.1). @entity1229 may be more effective than @entity117 for prevention of @entity64 in @entity1 with @entity955 , but the absolute reduction in @entity64 rate by @entity1229 is small. Younger @entity1 without risk factors had a low rate of @entity64 when treated with @entity117 . In older @entity1 the rate of @entity64 (ischaemic and @entity548 ) was substantial, irrespective of which agent was given. @entity1 age and the inherent risk of @entity1031 should be considered in the choice of antithrombotic prophylaxis for @entity1 with @entity955 .

title: XXXX versus @entity117 for prevention of @entity1031 in @entity955 : @entity64 Prevention in @entity955 II Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke and systemic embolism', 'ischaemic stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['recent heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial Fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['Warfarin']