abstract: The @entity492 chemoreceptor @entity15000 has a thermosensing function that is modulated by covalent modification of its four methylation sites ( @entity7647 295, @entity367 302, @entity7647 309, and @entity367 491). Without posttranslational deamidation, @entity15000 has no thermosensing ability. When @entity7647 295 and @entity7647 309 are deamidated to @entity367 , the unmethylated and heavily methylated forms function as warm and cold sensors, respectively. In this study, we carried out @entity493 -scanning mutagenesis of the methylation sites. Although @entity493 substitutions influenced the signaling bias and the methylation level, all of the mutants retained @entity492 -sensing function. Those with single substitutions had almost normal thermosensing properties, indicating that substitutions at any particular methylation site do not seriously impair thermosensing function. In the posttranslational modification-defective background, some of the @entity493 substitutions restored thermosensing ability. Warm sensors were found among mutants retaining two @entity2227 residues, and cold sensors were found among those with one or no @entity2227 residue. This result suggests that the negative charge at the methylation sites is one factor that determines thermosensor phenotypes, although the size and shape of the side chain may also be important. The warm, cold, and null thermosensor phenotypes were clearly differentiated, and no intermediate phenotypes were found. Thus, the different thermosensing phenotypes that result from covalent modification of the methylation sites may reflect distinct structural states. Broader implications for the thermosensing mechanism are also discussed.

title: Thermosensing properties of mutant XXXX chemoreceptors with methyl-accepting sites replaced singly or multiply by @entity493 .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity492 :: (CHEBI:29995,Chemical) :: ['aspartate']


abstract: The proportion of @entity263 diagnosed at localized stages increased from 56.7% to 74. 0% between 1973 and 1993 ("stage migration"). A corresponding increase in the number of radical prostatectomies performed each year was also noted. Nomograms are mathematical algorithms derived from statistical models that are used to predict outcomes for an individual @entity1 , or for groups of @entity1 . In fact, careful pre-operative @entity1 and @entity5 selection before radical prostatectomy is mandatory. Locally advanced @entity263 is defined as @entity5 that has extended clinically beyond the prostatic capsule, with invasion of the pericapsular tissue, apex, @entity1494 or seminal vescicle, but without lymph node involvement or distant @entity3 . It is estimated that 12-15% of @entity263 are stage T3. Overstaging or understaging of this @entity5 is common. Correct staging of clinical T3 disease is even more difficult and both overstaging pT2 and understaging pT4 or pN+ are common. The goals of treatment for T3 @entity5 are to cure the disease, prolong survival or @entity3 -free survival and improve the quality of life. The authors reviewed the most important studies, investigated radical prostatectomy as monotherapy for locally advanced @entity263 and the integration of surgery with hormonal treatment. The EAU guidelines on @entity263 state that radical prostatectomy in locally advanced disease is an option for selected @entity1 with small T3, PSA <20 ng/ml, Gleason score <8 and a life expectancy > 10 years. Ten to 15% of clinical T3 are overstaged as pT2. This may lead to the possibility of curing these @entity1 with surgery as the monotherapy. The increased use of nomograms and increased knowledge of recognized prognostic factors could lead to the selection of a large number of @entity1 , often with a long life expectancy, who could benefit from surgical treatment.

title: Role of surgery in treatment of locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The current study aimed to present the neuroradiological and histopathological features of @entity932 ( @entity8146 ). The computed tomography (CT; n=3) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; n=7) features, and the clinical presentations of 7 @entity1 with pathologically documented HEs were retrospectively analyzed. Lesions were observed in the right side of the skull (the frontal bone in 1 @entity1 and the parietal bone in 1 @entity1 ), the tentorium (2 @entity1 ), the cerebral falx (1 @entity1 ), the right cavernous sinus (1 @entity1 ) and the right temporal lobe (1 @entity1 ). The @entity5 was lobulated in 5 cases and round in 2 cases. The majority of @entity5 appeared isointense or hypointense with multiple scattered hyperintensities on T1-weighted MRI. Moreover, the lesions appeared as inhomogeneous hyperintense regions with multiple enlarged and tortuous blood flow voids on T2-weighted MRI. The lesions also showed marked @entity2287 enhancement in a honeycomb pattern. CT scan results showed a isoattenuation region (32-47 HU), with numerous small, round, high-density foci. The 2 cases with skull lesions presented with local @entity79 and discontinuous bone lines of the tabula interna ossis cranii. In 1 case, MR angiography revealed abnormal vessels in the basilar region. A total of 4 cases were epithelial @entity8146 , 2 were retiform @entity8146 and 1 was kaposiform @entity8146 . Histological examination revealed endothelial cell proliferation with @entity455 and a mucous matrix or dense fibrous mesenchyme. In conclusion, intracranial @entity8146 is rare, but should be considered in the differential diagnosis when evaluating @entity1313 . A well-defined lobulated mass and imaging features that include internal heterogeneity, small scattered hemorrhages and @entity715 , signal voids of vessels, and marked and delayed enhancement may confirm the diagnosis of @entity8146 .

title: Computed tomography and magnetic resonance features of XXXX : A study of 7 cases.

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemangioendothelioma']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity932 :: (MESH:D020300,Disease) :: ['intracranial hemangioendothelioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to estimate the cost effectiveness of screening for @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: All 12,639 @entity1 born in the years 1921-1933 (aged 64-73) living in Viborg County, Denmark, were randomly allocated either to receive an invitation to abdominal ultrasound scanning for @entity1028 or to be controls. Costs for screening and surveillance were assessed prospectively. Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) costs from 1999 were used concerning admissions with uncomplicated and complicated operations. Admissions for @entity1028 surgery were retrospectively classified according to complications in @entity1 records. RESULTS: Mean follow-up time was 52 months. 76.6% of invited @entity1 attended screening, and 191 (4.0%) had an @entity1028 . As previously reported, the cumulative 5-year @entity1028 -specific mortality in the invited group was significantly reduced by 67% compared to the control group (P = 0.003). The costs were estimated to be @entity7634 11.23 per scan. The costs per life-year saved were @entity7634 9057 ( @entity7634 5872-20,063) after 5 years, and were expected to decrease to @entity7634 2708 ( @entity7634 1758-6031) after 10 years and to @entity7634 1825 ( @entity7634 1185-4063) after 15 years. CONCLUSION: Screening of 64-73 years old males in Denmark seems cost effective.

title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of screening for XXXX based on five year results from a randomised hospital based mass screening trial.

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: The susceptibility of axons to blunt @entity542 is well established. However, @entity21 following @entity2806 has attracted less attention than damage in gray matter. We have employed immunocytochemical methods to assess the vulnerability of axons to @entity2806 in vivo. Immunocytochemistry was performed using antibodies to a @entity21111 ( @entity21111 ), which is transported by fast anterograde transport; the 68-kDa neurofilament subunit (NF68kD); and microtubule-associated protein 5 (MAP5) on sections from @entity35 subjected to 30 min and 1, 2, and 4 h of @entity63 induced by permanent @entity2500 . After 4 h of occlusion, there was increased @entity21111 immunoreactivity, which was bulbous in appearance, reminiscent of the @entity4 that occur following blunt @entity542 . Increased @entity21111 immunoreactivity was present in circumscribed zones in the subcortical white matter and in the axonal tracts at the border of @entity1188 , a pattern similar to that previously described for amyloid precursor protein. Although less marked, similar changes in immunoreactivity in axons were evident following 2 h of @entity63 . MAP5 and NF68kD had striking changes in immunoreactivity in axonal tracts permeating the caudate nucleus within the MCA territory at 4 h. The appearance was roughened and disorganized compared with the smooth regular staining in axons within the nonischemic areas. Profiles reminiscent of axonal bulbs were evident in MAP5-stained sections. The changes seen with NF68kD and MAP5 were also evident at 2 h but were more subtle at 1 h. There were no changes in axonal immunoreactivity with @entity21111 or NF68kD at 30 min after MCA occlusion. Altered immunoreactivity following @entity63 using @entity21111 , MAP5, and NF68kD provides further evidence for the progressive breakdown of the axonal cytoskeleton following an @entity63 insult. NF68kD and MAP5 appear to be sensitive markers of the structural disruption of the cytoskeleton, which precedes the subsequent accumulation of @entity21111 within the damaged axons. Axonal cytoskeletal breakdown and disruption of fast axonal transport, which are well-recognized features of @entity131 , are also sequalae of an @entity63 insult.

title: @entity21 caused by focal @entity2806 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity21111 :: ('25012(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa', 'SNAP25']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['axonal swellings']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['axonal injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The American Heart Association released a scientific statement based on available clinical trials and expert opinion in 2007 for the treatment of @entity101 to prevent @entity453 . These guidelines recommend more aggressive control of blood pressure (BP <130/80 mm Hg) among those at high risk for @entity453 , individuals with @entity6 , @entity740 , @entity453 or @entity453 risk equivalent, or a 10-year Framingham risk score >= 10%. Based on newer clinical trial data, the 2011 American College of Cardiology @entity299 ( @entity299 ) @entity101 guidelines for the elderly recommend a less aggressive approach of <145/90 mm Hg in those over the age of 80 years. We estimated the burden of uncontrolled BP among those at an increased risk of @entity453 using the both the 2007 @entity299 and the 2011 American College of Cardiology Foundation/ @entity299 @entity101 guidelines. We used a cross-sectional analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2008 @entity1 . @entity1 were 10198 adults aged 18 to 85 years. Using the 2011 American College of Cardiology Foundation/ @entity299 @entity101 guidelines (>= 140/90 mm Hg), 72 million Americans (35%) have @entity101 . Using the 2007 @entity299 guidelines, an additional 7 million American adults (5%) have elevated BP requiring treatment, for a total of 79 million adults (40%). Although individuals at a higher risk for @entity453 are more likely to be aware of their @entity101 and to be taking antihypertension medication, they are less likely to have their BP under control. Additional efforts are needed in the treatment of elevated BP, especially among individuals with an increased risk of @entity453 .

title: Implications of new XXXX guidelines in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['AHA', 'Foundation/American Heart Association']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: We have used @entity17700 ( @entity17700 ) to investigate the @entity377 -binding sites on the NrdD subunit of the anaerobic @entity2151 reductase from @entity1519 phage. Saturation studies revealed two saturable sites for this photoaffinity analog of @entity855 . One site exhibited half-maximal saturation at approximately 5 microM [gamma-32P]8-N3ATP, whereas the other site required 45 microM. To localize the sites of photoinsertion, photolabeled peptides from tryptic and chymotryptic digests were isolated by immobilized @entity18839 affinity chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography and subjected to @entity535 sequence and mass spectrometric analyses. The molecular masses of the photolabeled products of @entity13518 cleavage were estimated using @entity49837 - @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. Overlapping sequence analysis localized the higher affinity site to the region corresponding to residues 289-291 and the other site to the region corresponding to residues 147-160. Site-directed mutagenesis of @entity2569 290, a residue conserved in all known class III reductases, resulted in a protein that exhibited less than 10% of wild type enzymatic activity. These observations indicate that @entity2569 290 may reside in or near the active site. High performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that photoinsertion of [gamma-32P]8-N3ATP into the site corresponding to residues 147-160 was almost completely abolished when 100 microM d @entity855 , @entity19199 , or dTTP was included in the photolabeling reaction mixture, whereas 100 microM @entity855 , @entity3007 , @entity93 , or @entity19683 had virtually no effect. Based on these @entity377 binding properties, we conclude that this site is an allosteric site analogous to the one that has been shown to regulate substrate specificity of other @entity2151 reductases. There was no evidence for a second allosteric @entity377 -binding site as observed in the anaerobic @entity2151 reductase from @entity526 .

title: Localization and characterization of two @entity377 -binding sites on the anaerobic XXXX reductase from @entity1519 .

entities_list: @entity17700 :: ('MESH:C017040', 'Chemical') :: ["8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate", '8-N3ATP']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity13518 :: ('MESH:D003488', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanogen bromide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity2151 :: ('CHEBI:26561', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity2151 :: (CHEBI:26561,Chemical) :: ['ribonucleotide']


abstract: Long-term follow-up after percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) is limited. Ninety-four middle-aged (51+/-9 years) @entity4794 @entity1 who underwent successful PTMC were followed up with annual echocardiography for 6.1+/-1.4 years. PTMC success was defined as either mitral valve area (MVA) >1.5 cm2 or a MVA of more than twice the pre-procedural value, together with no worsening of @entity339 >grade 2+. Mitral valve replacement (MVR), worsening of @entity712 ( @entity712 ), and @entity1031 were sought for survival analysis. @entity256 was defined as loss of more than 50% of the initial procedural MVA gain. Functional limit of daily activities was assessed through a questionnaire. The study population was divided into group 1 (post-procedural MVA >2.0 cm2), group 2 ( @entity36938 .5 cm2 and < or = 2.0 cm2) and group 3 (MVA < or = 1.5 cm2). The 6-year survival with freedom from MVR, @entity712 , @entity1031 , and combined events (MVR+ @entity712 ) was 92%, 95%, 91%, and 88%, respectively. No group 1 @entity1 experienced MVR or @entity712 . @entity256 was predominant in group 3. Deterioration of daily activities during follow-up was not observed in group 1; however, it was significant in group 2 (p<0.05) and group 3 (p<0.001). These results demonstrated that @entity1 who attained a large MVA (>2.0cm2) immediately after PTMC maintained their procedural benefit with less clinical complication and with less limitation of daily activity.

title: Long-term clinical and echocardiographic outcome in @entity1 with XXXX treated with percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['Restenosis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

answer: @entity4794 :: (MESH:D008946,Disease) :: ['mitral stenosis']


abstract: @entity410 @entity1 often complain of @entity25 or disturbed sleep. Although susceptible of medication effect, the @entity25 ( @entity25 ) may quantify @entity25 and help to establish whether qualitative @entity25 accompanies @entity302 . In order to measure @entity25 in @entity302 @entity1 , 30 @entity1 with newly diagnosed or presently untreated complex partial @entity410 had @entity25 after an overnight sleep EEG that showed no sleep @entity410 . Four 20-minute naps were undertaken at 09:00, 11:00, 13:00, and 15:00, and sleep latency was recorded along with 8 channels of EEG. Twenty of 30 @entity410 @entity1 reported subjective @entity25 . Eight @entity1 had average sleep latencies less than 8 minutes, and 3 had latencies less than 5 minutes. No sleep onset @entity1949 or respiratory disturbance was noted. Twenty-five @entity1 had EEG abnormalities but none had ictal @entity410 . Right temporal epileptiform activity correlated with @entity25 . @entity25 may quantify @entity25 in @entity302 @entity1 , which is common but may be subjective or psychophysiological. Some @entity1 with partial @entity410 have persistent @entity25 independent of medication, possibly related to residual medication effects or non-specific effect of their epileptogenic foci.

title: Multiple sleep latency tests in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'deprivation or nocturnal seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sleep latency test', 'sleepiness', 'daytime sleepiness', 'MSLT', 'sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate the associations of treatment and an additive genetic efficacy score (AGES) based on @entity935 functional polymorphisms with time to first smoking lapse and point prevalence abstinence at end of treatment among @entity1 enrolled into two randomized clinical trials of smoking cessation therapies. DESIGN: Double-blind pharmacogenetic efficacy trials randomizing @entity1 to active or placebo @entity752 . Study 1 also randomized @entity1 to cognitive-behavioral smoking cessation treatment (CBT) or this treatment with CBT for @entity308 . Study 2 provided standardized behavioural support. SETTING: Two hospital-affiliated clinics (study 1), and two university-affiliated clinics (study 2). @entity1 : A total of 792 self-identified white treatment-seeking smokers aged >= 18 years smoking >= 10 cigarettes per day over the last year. MEASUREMENTS: Age, gender, Fagerstr  m Test for @entity1239 @entity734 , @entity935 pathway genotypes ( @entity31918 [ @entity39287 @entity50992 ], @entity27327 [COMT @entity27510 ], @entity4131 exon 3 variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism [ @entity4131 VNTR], @entity7712 ,3' VNTR) analyzed both separately and as part of an AGES, time to first lapse and point prevalence abstinence at end of treatment. FINDINGS: Significant associations of the AGES (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06-1.14, P = 0.009) and of the @entity4131 VNTR (HR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.17-1.41, P = 0.0073) were observed with time to first lapse. A significant AGES by pharmacotherapy interaction was observed (b standard error = -0.18 [0.07], P = 0.016), such that AGES predicted risk for time to first lapse only for individuals randomized to placebo. CONCLUSIONS: A score based on functional polymorphisms relating to @entity935 pathways appears to predict lapse to smoking following a quit attempt, and the association is mitigated in smokers using @entity752 .

title: Influence of a @entity935 pathway additive genetic efficacy score on smoking cessation: results from two randomized clinical trials of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine']

entities_list: @entity752 :: ('MESH:D016642', 'Chemical') :: ['bupropion']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Dependence']

answer: @entity752 :: (MESH:D016642,Chemical) :: ['bupropion']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Histologic grading of @entity0 is related to prognosis and management of @entity1 . The grading systems used are the initially formulated subjective methods, and the more recently described objective Nottingham system. In @entity3595 Lanka there is lack of uniformity in histopathology reporting of @entity0 . All methods used employ 3 grades. If histologic grading is to be of clinical relevance, it is important that the grades of different systems correlate with one another. OBJECTIVE: To determine if the three grades of the Nottingham system correlate with those of the other systems. SETTING: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Colombo. METHOD: 54 @entity0 were graded using the Nottingham system by reviewing histology slides. The Nottingham grading was compared with the original grading mentioned in the histology report. RESULTS: The original reports included 35 @entity5 graded with systems other than Nottingham. 45.7% of these @entity5 did not correspond with the subsequent Nottingham grade. 40% had to be upgraded from grade II to III. When the 19 @entity5 originally graded using the Nottingham system were re-evaluated using the same system, there was concurrence in 89.5% of the cases. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate a failure of other grading systems to correlate with the corresponding Nottingham grade in a high proportion of cases. We recommend the adoption of a single, objective grading system such as the Nottingham method by all clinicians in @entity3595 Lanka.

title: A single pathological grading system for XXXX should be adopted in @entity3595 Lanka.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: A phase II study of high-dose @entity1260 in @entity157 was conducted among 17 Chinese @entity1 . The dose of @entity1260 used was 2.5 g/m2 daily given as a continuous infusion for 5 days. In all, 15 @entity1 were evaluable for @entity5 response. There was no complete or partial responder. The treatment was well tolerated. The most frequent @entity137 was @entity1665 , which occurred in 11 @entity1 , and 5 @entity1 developed mild haematological @entity137 . There was no evidence of liver or bladder @entity137 . Overall, 14 @entity1 were evaluable for survival. The median survival was 92 days (range, 30-568 days). We conclude that high-dose @entity1260 is well tolerated but ineffective in @entity157 in Chinese @entity1 .

title: Phase II study of high-dose @entity1260 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: The @entity6796 @entity6796 is a sessile bivalve mollusc whose homeostasis relies, at least partially, upon cells circulating in hemolymph and referred to as hemocytes. Oyster's hemocytes have been reported to produce reactive @entity26 species (ROS), even in absence of stimulation. Although ROS production in bivalve molluscs is mostly studied for its defence involvement, ROS may also be involved in cellular and tissue homeostasis. ROS sources have not yet been described in oyster hemocytes. The objective of the present work was to characterize the ROS sources in unstimulated hemocytes. We studied the effects of chemical inhibitors on the ROS production and the mitochondrial membrane potential (/\  (m)) of hemocytes. First, this work confirmed the specificity of JC-10 probe to measure /\  (m) in oyster hemocytes, without being affected by /\pH, as reported in @entity1 cells. Second, results show that ROS production in unstimulated hemocytes does not originate from cytoplasmic @entity1110 -oxidase, @entity842 synthase or @entity51062 , but from mitochondria. In contrast to @entity1 cells, incubation of hemocytes with @entity3788 (complex I inhibitor) had no effect on ROS production. Incubation with @entity8581 (complex III inhibitor) resulted in a dose-dependent ROS production decrease while an over-production is usually reported in vertebrates. In hemocytes of @entity6796 , the production of ROS seems similarly dependent on both /\  (m) and /\pH. These findings point out differences between @entity1 models and bivalve cells, which warrant further investigation about the fine characterization of the electron transfer chain and the respective involvement of mitochondrial complexes in ROS production in hemocytes of bivalve molluscs.

title: Reactive @entity26 species in unstimulated hemocytes of the XXXX @entity6796 : a mitochondrial involvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity3788 :: ('MESH:D012402', 'Chemical') :: ['rotenone']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity8581 :: ('MESH:D000968', 'Chemical') :: ['antimycin A']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity6796 :: ('29159', 'Species') :: ['Crassostrea gigas', 'Pacific oyster', 'C. gigas']

answer: @entity6796 :: (29159,Species) :: ['pacific oyster']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The combination of @entity1311 with @entity900 or @entity3003 has become the preferred chemotherapy regimen in the treatment of @entity43 . Anthracyclines also have activity in this disease. We conducted a Phase II study by using the combination of @entity1311 , @entity900 , and @entity1259 for the treatment of advanced @entity43 . METHODS: Forty consecutive @entity1 with optimally (n = 7) or suboptimally (n = 33) debulked advanced @entity43 (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Stage III or IV) were treated with @entity1311 , 135 mg/m(2), as a 3-hour intravenous infusion, @entity900 75 mg/m(2) intravenously (i.v.), and @entity1259 50 mg/m(2) i.v. every 3 weeks on an outpatient basis. @entity1261 was administered at a dose of 5 microg/kg/day on Days 5-9. RESULTS: Among 28 @entity1 with measurable disease, 24 (86%%) achieved an objective response including 19 complete and 5 partial responses. Among 18 @entity1 who underwent reassessment laparotomy, pathologic complete response was confirmed in 9 @entity1 . At a minimum follow-up of 40 months, the median overall survival had not been reached whereas the median time to progression for all @entity1 was 18.7 months. The median remission duration for @entity1 with measurable disease who responded to treatment was 14 months. The treatment was well tolerated without toxic deaths; the most common @entity137 was Grade 3/4 @entity1398 that occurred in 30% of @entity1 . Significant @entity16 (Grade 2 or higher) developed in only 8% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity1311 , @entity900 , and @entity1259 is a well tolerated outpatient regimen with significant activity in the treatment of @entity43 .

title: @entity1311 , @entity900 , and XXXX first-line chemotherapy in stage III and IV @entity43 : long-term results of a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma', 'epithelial ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['epirubicin']


abstract: Even apparently healthy @entity1 on dialysis have significant loss of lean body mass. @entity1 with @entity177 without coexisting metabolic @entity520 or @entity32 have decreased protein turnover, with balanced reduction in protein synthesis and breakdown. However, regional and whole-body protein kinetic studies indicate that hemodialysis (HD) induces net increase in protein breakdown. Whole-body protein turnover studies show that HD is associated with decreased protein synthesis, but proteolysis is not increased. Muscle protein kinetics studies, however, identify enhanced muscle protein breakdown with inadequate compensatory increases in synthesis as the cause of the catabolism. Transmembrane @entity535 -transport kinetics studies show that the outward transport is increased more than the inward transport of @entity1522 during HD. Altered intracellular @entity535 transport kinetics and protein turnover during HD could be caused by the loss of @entity1522 in the dialysate or cytokine activation. Cytokines may be released from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and skeletal muscle during HD. Preliminary evidence indicates that intradialytic increase in cytokines activates the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. An intradialytic increase in albumin and fibrinogen synthesis is facilitated by @entity650 and the constant supply of @entity1522 derived from skeletal muscle catabolism. Protein anabolism can be induced in @entity454 @entity1 by repletion of @entity1522 , and perhaps treatment with recombinant @entity1 insulin-like growth factor.

title: XXXX and protein kinetics in @entity177 : an integrated approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['Amino Acid']


abstract: Dietary proteins influence body weight by affecting four targets for body weight regulation: satiety, thermogenesis, energy efficiency, and body composition. Protein ingestion results in higher ratings of satiety than equicaloric amounts of @entity3363 or fat. Their effect on satiety is mainly due to oxidation of @entity1522 fed in excess; this effect is higher with @entity1131 . Diet-induced thermogenesis is higher for proteins than for other macronutrients. The increase in energy expenditure is caused by protein and urea synthesis and by gluconeogenesis. This effect is higher with animal proteins containing larger amounts of essential @entity1522 than with vegetable proteins. Specifically, diet-induced thermogenesis increases after protein ingestion by 20 - 30 %, but by only 5 - 10 % after @entity3363 and 0 - 5 % after ingestion of fat. Consumption of higher amounts of protein during dietary treatment of @entity28 resulted in greater @entity353 than with lower amounts of protein in dietary studies lasting up to one year. During @entity353 and decreased caloric intake, a relatively increased protein content of the diet maintained fat-free mass (i. e. muscle mass) and increased @entity460 balance, resulting in preservation of bone mineral content. This is of particular importance during @entity353 after bariatric surgery because these @entity1 are at risk for @entity3147 . Adequate dietary protein intake in @entity2175 is of specific importance since proteins are relatively neutral with regard to @entity413 and lipid metabolism, and they preserve muscle and bone mass, which may be decreased in subjects with poorly controlled @entity6 . Ingestion of dietary proteins in @entity1723 exerts a delayed postprandial increase in blood @entity413 levels due to protein-induced stimulation of pancreatic glucagon secretion. Higher than minimal amounts of protein in the diet needed for @entity1568 balance may play an important role for the increasing number of elderly @entity28 subjects in our industrialized societies, since proteins exert beneficial effects in the conditions of overweight, @entity209 , @entity65 factors, bone health, and @entity6288 . Adverse effects of increased dietary proteins have been observed in subjects with @entity8 - this problem is frequently observed in the elderly, @entity101 , and @entity6 population. Nevertheless, dietary proteins deserve more attention than they have received in the past.

title: Dietary proteins in @entity28 and in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes type 2']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['ingestion of specific "incomplete" proteins (vegetal) than with animal proteins']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['sarcopenia']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes type 1']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['protein malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity2741 is relatively frequent in @entity5 with or without osteolytic bone @entity3 . It is thought that neoplastic cells may secrete substances which not only stimulate osteoclastic activity but are also capable of modifying the absorption, excretion, and resorption of @entity460 and @entity1391 ions. Since 1987, we have studied 24 @entity0 @entity1 with @entity2741 (22 with bone @entity3 and two without). The group of 22 @entity1 with bone @entity3 were divided into two subgroups. The first consisted of 10 @entity1 with high serum levels of humoral factors, such as @entity4293 ( @entity4293 ), and/or @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) and/or @entity1192 ), and high levels of bone markers, such as alkaline phosphatase, bone Gla protein and urinary @entity720 . The second subgroup consisted of 12 @entity1 with high levels of bone markers alone. Bone histologic analysis showed an osteoclastic activation surrounding @entity3 tissue in six out of 10 @entity1 of the first subgroup, while an evident @entity3061 caused by the @entity5 cells was noted in seven out of 12 @entity1 of the second subgroup. The two @entity1 without bone @entity3 showed normal biochemistry and bone histologic examination. The authors, having tried to explain the pathogenesis of @entity2741 , emphasize the importance of humoral factors secreted by @entity5 cells as a direct or indirect cause of @entity2741 . The origin of @entity2741 remains unclear in two @entity1 without bone @entity3 .

title: XXXX in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercalcemia', 'hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity4293 :: ('5744', 'Gene') :: ['PTHrP', 'parathyroid hormone-related protein']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

answer: @entity2741 :: (MESH:D006934,Disease) :: ['Hypercalcemia']


abstract: The brain can protect itself from @entity63 and/or @entity519 by two distinct mechanisms which probably involve two separate systems of neurons in the CNS. One, which mediates a reflexive @entity6011 , emanates from @entity26 -sensitive sympathoexcitatory reticulospinal neurons of the RVLM. These cells, excited within seconds by reduction in blood flow or @entity26 , initiate the systemic vascular components of the @entity26 conserving (diving) reflex. They profoundly increase @entity13279 without changing rCGU and, hence, rapidly and efficiently provide the brain with @entity26 . Upon cessation of the stimulus the systemic and cerebrovascular adjustments return to normal. The system mediating reflex protection projects via as-yet-undefined projections from RVLM to upper brainstem and/or thalamus to engage a small population of neurons in the cortex which appear to be dedicated to transducing a neuronal signal into vasodilation. It also appears to relay the central neurogenic vasodilation elicited from other brain regions, including excitation of axons innervating the FN. This mode of protection would be initiated under conditions of global @entity63 and/or @entity519 because the signal is detected by medullary neurons. The second neuroprotective system is represented in intrinsic neurons of the cerebellar FN and mediates a conditioned central @entity6011 . The response can be initiated by excitation of intrinsic neurons of the FN and does not appear dependent upon RVLM. The pathways and transmitters that mediate the effect are unknown. The neuroprotection afforded by this network is long-lasting, persisting for almost two weeks, and is associated with reduced excitability of cortical neurons and reduced immunoreactivity of cerebral microvessels. This mode of neuroprotection, moreover, is not restricted to focal @entity63 , as we have demonstrated that it also protects the brain against global @entity63 and excitotoxic cell death. That the brain may have neuronal systems dedicated to protecting itself from injury, at first appearing to be a novel concept, is, upon reflection, not surprising since the brain is not injured in naturalistic behaviors characterized by very low levels of @entity13279 , diving and hibernation. An understanding of the pathways, transmitters, and molecules engaged in such protection may provide new insights into novel therapies for a @entity74 characterized by @entity528 .

title: Central @entity6011 : central neural systems that protect the brain from XXXX and @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity6011 :: ('MESH:D018319', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic neuroprotection']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['range of disorders']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a lack of data on the out-of-hospital burden of @entity1729 ( @entity1729 ) in developed countries. Administrative datasets from @entity341 ( @entity341 ) may assist in addressing this. METHODS: We undertook a retrospective population-based study of @entity341 presentations for respiratory-related reasons linked to birth data from 245,249 singleton live births in Western Australia. @entity341 presentation rates <9 years of age were calculated for different diagnoses and predictors of @entity341 presentation <5 years were assessed by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: @entity341 data from metropolitan WA, representing 178,810 births were available for analysis. From 35,136 presentations, 18,582 (52.9%) had an @entity66 ( @entity66 ) code for @entity1729 and 434 had a symptom code directly relating to an @entity1729 @entity66 code. A further 9600 presentations had a non-specific diagnosis. From the combined 19,016 @entity1729 presentations, the highest rates were in non-Aboriginal @entity1 aged 6-11 months (81.1/1000 @entity1 -years) and Aboriginal @entity1 aged 1-5 months (314.8/1000). Croup and @entity5924 accounted for the majority of @entity1729 @entity341 presentations. Of Aboriginal births, 14.2% presented at least once to @entity341 before age 5 years compared to 6.5% of non-Aboriginal births. Male sex and maternal age <20 years for Aboriginal @entity1 and 20-29 years for non-Aboriginal @entity1 were the strongest predictors of presentation to @entity341 with @entity1729 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity341 data can give an insight into the out-of-hospital burden of @entity1729 . Presentation rates to @entity341 for @entity1729 were high, but are minimum estimates due to current limitations of the @entity341 datasets. Recommendations for improvement of these data are provided. Despite these limitations, @entity1729 , in particular @entity5924 and croup are important causes of presentation to paediatric EDs.

title: Can linked emergency department data help assess the out-of-hospital burden of XXXX ? A population-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'International Classification of Diseases']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'emergency departments']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['ALRI', 'acute lower respiratory infections']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['acute lower respiratory infections']


abstract: PURPOSE: The selection of effective schedules of treatment for metastatic @entity1149 still remains a challenge for the oncologist. The present multicentric phase II study was designed in order to investigate the activity and safety of the combination of weekly @entity1311 and @entity12698 as second-line treatment for @entity1149 . As a secondary endpoint, the possible correlation of biomarkers with objective response was investigated in a subset of @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity902 -refractory @entity1149 and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-2 entered the present phase II study. @entity1311 was administered at the dose of 80 mg/m(2) i.v. weekly for 6 weeks, followed by a 2-week rest, and @entity12698 , 400 mg p.o. b.i.d. administered continuously. A cycle consisted of 8 weeks of treatment. Determination of circulating @entity7 and @entity650 was performed at baseline and every two cycles. RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity1 were enrolled: median age, 60 years (range, 30-77 years); male/female ratio = 44/14; performance status, 0, 31 @entity1 ; 1, 25 @entity1 ; and 2, two @entity1 . Predominant histotype was @entity420 (34 cases), and most @entity1 had at least two sites of disease. According to the intent-to-treat analysis, 14/58 objective responses (24.1%) and 24/58 (41.3%) stabilizations of disease were observed, with a median duration of 4 months (range, 2-22+ months) and 5 months (range, 1-13 months), respectively. Median time to progression and median overall survival were 5 and 11 months, respectively. One-year survival was 42.5%. The main @entity137 was @entity16 (4% of grade 3). Preliminary results suggest that decrease in serum @entity7 level is significantly associated with clinical response. DISCUSSION: Combination of @entity12698 and weekly @entity1311 is safe and active new regimen in pretreated @entity1149 . @entity137 appears not to be worsened by the addition of @entity12698 . According to preliminary results, serum @entity7 level seems to be predictive of response, suggesting that it should be further investigated as a surrogate marker of response.

title: The combination of the selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor XXXX with weekly @entity1311 is a safe and active second-line therapy for @entity1149 : a phase II study with biological correlates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity12698 :: (MESH:C105934,Chemical) :: ['celecoxib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The factors that affect the number of needle passes needed to diagnose @entity9451 using endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) -guided fine-needle aspiration are unknown. METHODS: @entity1 and endosonographic data were prospectively recorded on 121 consecutive @entity1 with @entity9451 . Of these, 110 underwent EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration. A cytopathologist was in attendance for all aspiration procedures. RESULTS: Initial EUS detected a pancreatic mass in 96% of cases; 23% of these were not seen by computed tomography. EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration was performed in 109 of 110 (99%) @entity1 , including 95 masses, 7 lymph nodes, and 7 hepatic metastases. EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration provided a cytologic diagnosis of @entity5 in 104 of 110 (95%). Only @entity5 differentiation and the site of aspiration affected the number of passes. CONCLUSIONS: With the participation of a cytopathologist, EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration can diagnose @entity9451 with a high degree of accuracy. Only the aspiration site (mass versus node/liver metastasis) can be used to direct the number of passes if a cytopathologist is not present. Without a cytopathologist in attendance, 5 to 6 passes should be made for pancreatic masses and 2 to 3 for liver metastases or lymph nodes; however, this approach will be associated with a 10% to 15% reduction in definitive cytologic diagnoses, extra procedure time, increased risk and additional needles.

title: Factors predicting the number of EUS-guided fine-needle passes for diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity9451 :: ('MESH:D010195', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic malignancies', 'pancreatic malignancy']

answer: @entity9451 :: (MESH:D010195,Disease) :: ['pancreatic malignancies']


abstract: AIM:To study the development of @entity3002 @entity19 @entity3002 @entity19 and their normal littermates, serving as controls from embryonic days 13 to 18 (ED13-18) was identified by using primary antibody against @entity10500 .METHODS:Trisomy 16 @entity19 breeding and trisomy 16 @entity19 embryos were identified from their normal littermates by chromosome examination; @entity10500 immunohistochemical stainning.RESULTS:In normal littermates embryos, the precursor cells from the neural crest migrated into stomach and intestine at @entity2613 13 and @entity2613 14 respectively.Numerous nervous processes connected to each other and formed early nervous networks at @entity2613 14 stomach and @entity2613 15 intestine. @entity9468 plexus of the stomach appeared at ED15 with very simple arrangement. At @entity2613 16 the early developed @entity3002 were regularly found in the stomach and intestine respectively. In both stomach and intestine, the development of submucosal nervous plexuses were finished at ED17. However, the @entity3002 were differentiated only in the stomach at @entity2613 18.In comparison with the normal littermates, stomach and intestine nervous system developed much slower in trisomy 16 @entity19 . Their immature neurons did not appear in the stomach and intestine until @entity2613 14 and @entity2613 15. Between @entity2613 14 and @entity2613 16, the @entity3002 was composed of only some scattered neurons with different distribution density and size. The development and differentiation of the @entity3002 were delayed and the myenteric nervous plexus did not appear until @entity2613 18. There was no submucosal nervous plexus in all stomach and intestine specimens. A semiquantitative analysis and rank sum test of the data showed that the trisomy 16 @entity19 embryos were markedly retarded in the gastroenteric nervous development compared with their normal littermates.CONCLUSION:Trisomy 16 @entity19 , as an animal model for Down syndrome, has abnormality not only in several systems and organs but also in gastroenteric innervation. This report describes for the first time that the development of the @entity3002 was not only delayed but also pathological.

title: Immunohistochemical study on XXXX @entity19 :an animal model of Down syndrome.

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteric nervous system', 'embryos.The gastroenteric nervous system in trisomy 16', 'gastroenteric nervous system in trisomy 16', 'myenteric nervous plexuses', 'myenteric nervous plexus and the internal and external submucosal nervous plexuses']

entities_list: @entity9468 :: ('MESH:D014717', 'Disease') :: ['Original ganglia in the muscular nervous']

answer: @entity3002 :: (MESH:D009421,Disease) :: ['gastroenteric nervous system in trisomy 16']


abstract: @entity1827 ( @entity1827 ) is a 21 @entity535 peptide that binds to G-protein-coupled receptors to evoke biological responses. Previously we have found that @entity1827 stimulates @entity413 uptake in 3T3-LI adipocytes. In this report, we extend the studies to neonatal @entity35 cardiomyocytes. @entity1827 , but not @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ), stimulated @entity413 uptake in a dose-dependent manner with an EC50 value at approximately 1 nM, and an approximately 2-fold stimulation at 100 nM. As a comparison, insulin stimulated @entity413 uptake in a dose-dependent manner with an EC50 value at 1 nM, and a 2.5-fold stimulation at 100 nM. Western blot analysis shows that @entity1827 stimulated the translocation of @entity19618 ( @entity19618 ), an aminopeptidase in @entity19617 ( @entity413 transporter)-containing vesicles, from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane. The effect of @entity1827 on @entity413 uptake was blocked by @entity11080 , an antagonist selective for the ET(A)-receptor. @entity1827 treatment did not induce phosphorylation of insulin receptor-beta (IRbeta), @entity24577 ( @entity24577 ) or Akt, but stimulated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase ( @entity2508 ). The effect of @entity1827 on @entity413 uptake was not inhibited by inhibitors for protein kinase C (PKC), @entity12175 ( @entity12175 ) and @entity4357 -3-kinase (PI3'-kinase). Our results show that @entity1827 stimulates @entity413 uptake in neonatal @entity35 cardiomyocytes via activation of the ET(A)-receptor.

title: Endothelin stimulates @entity413 uptake via activation of endothelin-A receptor in neonatal XXXX cardiomyocytes.

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity19618 :: ('171105(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-responsive aminopeptidase', 'IRAP']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our aim is to study the accuracy of emergency medicine (EM) physician-performed, bedside ultrasonography (BUS) in @entity1 with clinical suspicion of scaphoid @entity174 and normal radiographs. METHODS: From January to December 2011, an EM physician used BUS to prospectively evaluate @entity1 presenting to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) with clinical suspicion of scaphoid @entity174 and normal radiographs. BUS examination of the scaphoid was conducted prior to a wrist magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, within 24 hours of wrist @entity130 . The outcome was determined by official radiology reports of the MRI. The results were compared using the chi-square test. RESULTS: Of the 63 enrolled @entity1 , 12 @entity1 were BUS-positive. Of these, MRI results agreed with the BUS findings in 12 @entity1 who had cortical damage of the scaphoid with @entity1410 . In 35 instances, @entity1410 with no cortical damage was detected with BUS and corroborated by MRI. A scaphoid @entity174 was demonstrated by MRI in two @entity1 from this group. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and negative likelihood ratio for BUS were 85.7%, 100%, 100%, 100% and 0.14, respectively. Accuracy of BUS was not statistically different from MRI. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of scaphoid @entity174 is another BUS application in the @entity341 . EM physicians should consider diagnosis of scaphoid @entity174 using BUS in the @entity341 .

title: The role of bedside ultrasonography for occult scaphoid XXXX in the @entity341 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: OBJECT: The use of fixed-axis pedicle screws for correction of @entity85 in adult surgery is demanding because of the challenge of assembling the bent rod to the screw in order to achieve curve correction. Polyaxial screw designs, providing increased degrees of freedom at the screw-rod interface, were reported to be insufficient in achieving correction of @entity85 in the axial plane. Using a multisegment @entity291 @entity291 spine model, this study investigated the ability of a new uniplanar screw design to achieve derotation correction of the vertebrae and maintain a degree of correction comparable to that of fixed-axis and polyaxial screw designs. METHODS: Eighteen @entity291 thoracolumbar spine segments from T-6 to L-1 (n = 6 per screw design) underwent bilateral facetectomies at the T9-11 levels and were instrumented bilaterally with pedicle screws and rods. To assess the efficacy of each screw design in imparting rotational correction, each instrumented level was tested under applied torsional moments designed to simulate the motion applied during derotation surgery. Once @entity717 was achieved, the whole spine was tested to assess the overall stiffness of the construct. RESULTS: The fixed-axis construct showed increased efficacy in imparting @entity717 compared with the uniplanar (115% increase, p > 0.05) and polyaxial (210% increase, p < 0.05) constructs. Uniplanar screws showed a 21% increase in torsional stiffness compared with the polyaxial screws, but this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The design of screw heads plays a significant role in affecting the @entity717 of the vertebrae during the derotation procedure. Uniplanar screws may have the advantage of maintaining construct stiffness after derotation.

title: The effect of screw head design on rod derotation in the correction of thoracolumbar XXXX : laboratory investigation.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['rotation']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['thoracolumbar deformity', 'thoracic deformity']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['spinal deformity']


abstract: Focal @entity2806 was produced in anesthetized @entity35 by a minimally invasive photothrombic procedure. Rose bengal was injected into a tail vein and the right middle cerebral artery region irradiated for 5 min through the skull with the right common carotid artery temporarily occluded. This resulted in focal @entity385 which was restricted to the cortex as shown by autoradiography and histopathology. @entity4 and the uptake of 45Ca were determined 1, 3 or 24 hours after @entity63 in different regions of the brain, ipsilateral and contralateral to the @entity63 , the tracer uptake at three time points after administration. The values of 45Ca uptake and @entity4 were the highest at the center of the @entity1188 . Simulation of the 45Ca uptake kinetics in the 24 h post-ischemic group, enabled the determination of the contributions of different physiological pathways to cerebral @entity460 flux. The results indicated the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier to be primarily responsible for the increased uptake of the tracer by the ischemic cortex. A concomitant, presumably intracellular, sequestration resulted in a ca. 16-fold increase in the tissue pool of exchangeable @entity460 . Simulation such as proposed here would be of value in predicting the outcome of tracer accumulation in pathological situations.

title: Pathways of cerebral XXXX accumulation in a model of focal @entity63 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'Edema']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: Malodour has been correlated with the concentration of volatile @entity26687 compounds produced in the oral cavity by metabolic activity of bacteria colonizing the periodontal sites and the dorsum of the tongue. The aim of this study was to detect malodour in mouth air organoleptically and using a portable @entity41130 monitor and to correlate it with the clinical parameters, @entity7868 and BANA, using tongue and @entity527 samples. The @entity7868 grading is also correlated with the microbial colonies of the @entity527 sample. METHODS: 20 @entity1 with @entity7278 with 5-7 mm pocket depth, radiographic evidence of @entity604 and presence of oral malodour participated in this study. Assessment of mouth air was done organoleptically and by using a portable @entity41130 monitor. The clinical parameter, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), @entity548 index (BI), were obtained from all the areas. Samples for BANA and to detect @entity7868 were taken from the dorsal surface of the tongue and periodontal pockets ranging 5-7 mm. Halitosis related microbial colonies were identified using anaerobic culturing from the @entity527 . RESULTS: The scores of PI, GI, BI and sample that tested positive for @entity7868 and with the @entity7868 grading were not significant. The presence of tongue coating and the @entity7868 grading and toxin levels were significant. BANA has shown to be non contributory due to technical problems. Anaerobic culture has shown to identify Streptococcus, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas and Prevotella colonies. INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSION: The results confirmed that there was no correlation between the clinical parameters, @entity7868 grading. The microbial colonies have shown to correlate with the presence of oral malodour.

title: Detection and measurement of oral malodour in periodontitis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7868 :: ('MESH:D006209', 'Disease') :: ['halitosis linked toxins', 'halitosis linked toxins and halitosis', 'halitosis']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['subgingival plaque']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['gingival bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity41130 :: ('CHEBI:15138', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to define more clearly the clinical indications for radiographic evaluation of blunt @entity8 in the pediatric population. METHODS: @entity1 evaluated for blunt @entity1661 at the @entity1 's Hospital of Los Angeles and Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Medical Center undergo routine physical examination, laboratory analysis, and computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis regardless of urinalysis results. We retrospectively evaluated the abdominal and pelvic CT scans of 412 @entity1 sustaining blunt @entity1661 between June 1985 and June 1990. A total of 48 @entity1 , ages 6 months to 14 years (mean 5.6 years), with CT-documented @entity8 secondary to blunt @entity130 were identified. The radiographic findings were correlated with clinical presentation in this group of @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the 48 @entity1 sustaining @entity8 (12% of the group), 23 (48%) had renal contusions and 25 @entity1 (52%) sustained more serious (significant) @entity8 . Of the @entity1 with significant @entity8 , 17 (68%) had @entity8 and 8 (32%) had @entity8 . No @entity1 sustained a @entity8 . All 25 @entity1 sustaining significant @entity8 presented with @entity811 : 17 (68%) had microscopic (more than 3 red blood cells per high-power field) and 8 (32%) had gross @entity811 . In the 23 @entity1 with renal contusions, 4 (17%) had no @entity811 , 13 (57%) had microscopic @entity811 , and 6 (26%) presented with gross @entity811 . @entity551 occurred in 2 of the 25 @entity1 with significant @entity8 and in 2 of 23 @entity1 with renal contusions. Fifteen of the 25 @entity1 (60%) with significant @entity8 had associated organ injuries, and 17 of the 23 @entity1 (74%) with renal contusions had associated organ injuries. CONCLUSIONS: In adults, gross @entity811 and microscopic @entity811 with @entity101 following blunt @entity130 have been correlated with significant @entity8 requiring radiographic investigation. We conclude that these clinical criteria proposed to guide the radiographic evaluation of the adult population with blunt @entity130 do not apply to @entity1 . In our study, the degree of @entity811 did not correlate with the degree of @entity8 , and significant @entity8 did occur with microhematuria in the absence of @entity551 . We suggest that any @entity1 with a history of blunt @entity1661 and any evidence of @entity811 should undergo abdominal and pelvic CT scanning for the proper diagnosis and staging of renal and other associated intra-abdominal injuries.

title: Blunt renal XXXX in the pediatric population: indications for radiographic evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal pedicle injury', 'renal injuries', 'major renal lacerations', 'renal injury', 'minor renal lacerations']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recently, consensus on the optimal strategy for resectable synchronous colorectal liver metastases (LM) seems to have shifted toward simultaneous resection. However, there are still relatively few reports about simultaneous laparoscopic resection. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of @entity1 who underwent simultaneous laparoscopic resection. METHODS: We evaluated 14 @entity1 who underwent simultaneous resection of primary @entity14 and LM in our hospital from 2004 to 2012. @entity1 were selected by matched pair analysis based on the number of LM ( <=4) and @entity5 size ( <=5   cm). We divided them into two groups: the simultaneous laparoscopic resection of primary @entity14 and LM ( @entity3813 -S) group (n   =   7) and the simultaneous open resection of primary @entity14 and LM (Open-S) group (n   =   7). Clinical and oncologic outcomes were compared between the groups. RESULTS: The @entity3813 -S @entity1 were significantly older than the Open-S @entity1 . The mean operative times of @entity3813 -S and Open-S were 472   min and 466   min, respectively. The mean @entity190 was significantly smaller in the @entity3813 -S group (153   mL) than in the Open-S group (496   mL). There was no surgical mortality in either group. The incidence of @entity260 in the @entity3813 -S and Open-S groups was 12.3% and 33.0%, respectively. The mean postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in the @entity3813 -S group (16   days) than in the Open-S group (36   days). There was no significant difference in long-term survival between the two groups. CONCLUSION: @entity3813 -S @entity1 had equivalent long-term outcomes to Open-S @entity1 . Therefore, given its technical feasibility and safety, @entity3813 -S may be one of the most promising options in selected @entity1 .

title: Benefits of simultaneous laparoscopic resection of primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer and liver metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A significant portion of @entity135 @entity1 will develop persistent or recurrent disease after definitive treatment. Radiation therapy is often used as definitive therapy or as an adjunct to surgery. Recurrent @entity135 in the previously irradiated field is, thus, a common occurrence and poses a therapeutic challenge. Some studies have evaluated low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy as a therapeutic option, including a large case series with long-term follow-up by our own institution. @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) brachytherapy offers therapeutic advantages over LDR brachytherapy. This study evaluates the local control and outcomes of @entity1 with previously irradiated recurrent @entity135 treated with @entity1168 interstitial brachytherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1997 and 2002, 30 @entity1 who received prior radiation therapy for @entity5 of the head and neck were treated for biopsy-proven recurrent disease. All @entity1 received previous radiation as definitive therapy alone or as adjunct to surgery. All @entity1 were inoperable, refused surgery, or had gross @entity66 after salvage surgery for their recurrent disease. Thirty-six sites on the 30 @entity1 were implanted by application of @entity1168 interstitial brachytherapy techniques with mean @entity5 dose of 34 Gy (18-48 Gy) in twice daily fractions of 300 to 400 cGy per fraction. RESULTS: At a minimum follow-up of 12 months, local @entity5 control was achieved in 69% of implanted sites. Disease-specific survival at 1 and 2 years was 54% and 45%, respectively. Overall survival at 1 and 2 years was 56% and 37%, respectively. Grade 3/4 late complications occurred in 16% of the @entity1 . No fatal complications occurred. CONCLUSION: @entity1168 brachytherapy can play an important role in the salvage treatment of previously irradiated recurrent @entity135 . This study shows that comparable results are obtained by @entity1168 brachytherapy with fewer late complications than were indicated by previously reported data for LDR brachytherapy.

title: Salvage @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) brachytherapy for recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-and-neck cancer', 'cancer of the head and neck']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high-dose-rate', 'High-dose-rate']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head-and-neck cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim was to describe a case of @entity56 to rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) occurring in the context of islet transplantation. METHODS: A 36-year-old @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 was admitted for islet transplantation. rATG was administered the first day (1.5 mg/kg) with @entity1667 (2 mg/kg), and on the second day (1.5 mg/kg) without glucocorticoid to avoid potential @entity137 to the anticipated islet transplant. RESULTS: At the end of the rATG infusion on the second day she developed hives over her face, chest, and back and tender erythema at her intravenous site ( @entity8753 ). Islet transplantation was not performed. She reported exposure to a pet @entity95 for 2 years in childhood. Overnight, @entity221 developed and the @entity1910 evolved into an erythematous morbilliform eruption affecting the torso. Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were elevated; serum complements C3 and C4 were normal. She received @entity229 (50 mg) with subsequent resolution of the @entity1910 . Nine days after her initial reaction, she developed a recurrence of the @entity1910 and @entity221 with @entity4841 ; levels of C3 and C4 had fallen. @entity1667 (125 mg, twice) was required for symptom improvement, and was gradually tapered as @entity229 over the next 4 weeks with resolution of the complement, ESR, and hsCRP abnormalities. Five months after the initial attempt at islet transplantation, she returned to receive 7,879 IE/kg via portal vein infusion under basiliximab, etanercept, @entity1140 , and @entity3446 immunosuppression and has required no to low-dose (0.1 U/kg/d) insulin to maintain near-normal glycemic control for > 12 months after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Our @entity1 's initial @entity56 reaction to rATG was followed by immune-complex type 3 @entity56 ( @entity8667 ) requiring high-dose glucocorticoids. Canceling the initial islet infusion proved to be wise, and the @entity1 subsequently did well with islet transplantation under an alternative induction agent.

title: XXXX to rabbit antithymocyte globulin in an islet transplant recipient: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone', 'Methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity8667 :: ('MESH:D012713', 'Disease') :: ['serum sickness']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgias']

entities_list: @entity8753 :: ('MESH:D001183', 'Disease') :: ['Arthus reaction']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Hypersensitivity']


abstract: In the rodent uterus, @entity172 elicits a biphasic response i.e. an early phase (Phase I) and a late phase (Phase II). @entity53 -17 beta (E2) and @entity11111 (E3), as well as @entity42332 ( @entity25642 ) compounds, @entity36576 and @entity4082 (CC), were used to characterize Phase I and Phase II responses in uterine preparation for implantation in the @entity19 . While uterine macromolecular uptake (vascular permeability), a Phase I response, was studied in @entity1420 (P4)-primed animals, uterine @entity665 incorporation (DNA synthesis), a Phase II response, was investigated with and without P4-priming. In the P4-primed uterus, all compounds, except CC, significantly increased uterine macromolecular uptake as determined by interstitial tissue accumulation of [125I]bovine serum albumin [( 125I]BSA). DNA synthesis as determined by cellular incorporation of @entity665 was modulated by P4, @entity172 and @entity25642 compounds in a cell-type specific and temporal manner. As a single injection and in the absence of P4, E2 induced @entity665 incorporation in the luminal and glandular epithelium at 18 and 24 h. E3 was inferior to E2 in this response. On the other hand, treatment with P4 for 1 day or 4 days induced @entity665 incorporation primarily in stromal cells. However, stromal cell incorporation was potentiated when P4 treatment was combined with @entity172 or @entity25642 compounds. These results reveal the relative importance of Phase I and cell-type specific Phase II responses in uterine preparation for implantation.

title: Differential effects of ovarian steroids and XXXX compounds on macromolecular uptake and thymidine incorporation in the @entity19 uterus.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity42332 :: ('MESH:C037749', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenylethylene']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene citrate']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

answer: @entity42332 :: (MESH:C037749,Chemical) :: ['triphenylethylene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2783 is a term that encompasses a group of disorders that have as their common feature the intercellular deposition of the amyloid protein by several different pathogenetic mechanisms. @entity12884 , or amyloidoma, is a rare subset of @entity2783 in which the @entity527 is focal and not secondary to a systemic process or @entity1581 . We present the second reported case of a cervical @entity3570 and discuss its presentation and management. METHODS: This 58-year-old @entity1 presented with a 1-year history of intermittent @entity662 that would radiate into both legs precipitated by valsalva maneuvers. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine revealed a homogenously enhancing lesion focally involving the @entity36381 vertebral level with significant @entity1745 . He underwent combined anterior and posterior decompressive procedures with instrumentation for spinal stabilization. Histopathology revealed @entity527 and a systemic work-up was negative for @entity2783 . RESULTS: The @entity1 is free of any @entity5 recurrence at 24 months and has a stable spine construct. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12884 is a rare subtype of @entity2783 which, unlike other forms of @entity2783 , has an excellent prognosis with local resection. Diagnosis requires special stains and therefore a degree of suspicion for the disease. @entity3574 involves aggressive local resection of the @entity5 when feasible and stabilization of the spine as mandated by the degree of @entity5 involvement. Complete evaluation for the diagnosis of @entity1582 is essential for the management and prognostication of each case.

title: XXXX of the spine: a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spine amyloidoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposits', 'amyloid deposition']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['plasma cell dyscrasia']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['Amyloidosis', 'amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity3574 :: ('OMIM:277300', 'Disease') :: ['Management of vertebral amyloidoma']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['systemic amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity12884 :: ('MESH:C531616', 'Disease') :: ['Primary solitary amyloidosis']

answer: @entity12884 :: (MESH:C531616,Disease) :: ['Primary solitary amyloidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal surgical strategy for proximal @entity356 (PGC) remains controversial. The principal difference between @entity348 ( @entity348 ) and proximal gastrectomy (PG) is whether lymph node (LN) 4d is dissected by radical lymphadenectomy. @entity1 AND METHODS: The subjects were 243 @entity1 with PGC who had undergone @entity348 between 1990 and 2006. The incidences of @entity3 to individual LNs were assessed. The 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) was examined in 179 @entity1 who had undergone @entity348 and an additional 37 @entity1 who had undergone PG between 1990 and 2002. RESULTS: When PGC was confined to the muscularis propria (mp), no @entity1 had LN 4d or 8 @entity3 although these nodes are considered regional LNs, and the 5-year DSS rate did not significantly differ between @entity348 and PG. When the PGC extended beyond the mp, the @entity1 with LN 4d or 8 @entity3 in N2 disease had very poor outcomes, similar to those with N3 disease. Multivariate analysis revealed that lymph node metastatic density over 40% (ND40) was the strongest independent prognostic factor (p=0.001, HR=6.1). ND40 was significantly associated with LN 4d or 8 @entity3 in N2 disease (p=0.047). CONCLUSION: LN 4d or 8 @entity3 is equivalent to advanced LN @entity3 and the presence of such @entity3 indicates a poor prognosis, regardless of LN dissection, thus, PG might therefore be an adequate procedure for LN dissection in @entity1 with PGC.

title: Clinical significance of @entity348 for proximal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total gastrectomy', 'TG']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report @entity2687 associated with topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative interventional case series. @entity1 : Eighteen eyes of 16 @entity1 with adverse corneal events associated with NSAID use. METHODS: Evaluation of 16 @entity1 referred for management of @entity2687 during use of topical NSAIDs ( @entity3285 [Acular], @entity3522 [Voltaren], @entity3522 [Falcon DSOS]). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Type and severity of @entity2687 . RESULTS: Of the 16 @entity1 , two experienced severe @entity2372 , three experienced @entity1066 , six experienced corneal or scleral melts, and five experienced perforations. Eleven @entity1 had recent @entity231 surgery; nine of these were on concurrent topical @entity230 and antibiotics. Another @entity1 who did not have recent surgery was using concurrent topical @entity230 without antibiotics for @entity1596 . Systemic associations included two @entity1 with @entity309 , one @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity10632 , and two with @entity6509 . CONCLUSIONS: Topical NSAIDs were associated with @entity2687 in 18 eyes of 16 @entity1 . Potential risk factors include conditions that predispose the @entity1 to @entity2687 , concurrent topical @entity230 , and @entity2372 in the early postoperative period.

title: Keratitis, XXXX , and perforation associated with topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac sodium']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['keratopathy', 'epithelial keratopathy']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoid uveitis']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal complications', 'corneal melting']

entities_list: @entity3285 :: ('MESH:D020911', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac tromethamine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity10632 :: ('MESH:D012859', 'Disease') :: ["Sjogren's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulceration']


abstract: At the time of surgery, 18 @entity1 with various @entity1313 were given a 1-h i.v. infusion of @entity1603 (BrdUrd), 150-200 mg/m2. At an infusion rate of 200 mg/m2/h, serum BrdUrd levels of 8 microM were achieved. After the infusion, @entity5 tissue was obtained and divided into two portions. One portion was fixed in 70% @entity1068 , embedded in @entity982 , and sectioned; the sections were deparaffinized, denatured with 2 N @entity5828 , and reacted with monoclonal antibodies against BrdUrd (anti-BrdUrd MAb). BrdUrd-labeled nuclei were demonstrated satisfactorily by an indirect peroxidase method. The other portion was dissociated into single cells with a DNase enzyme cocktail and reacted with @entity2823 -conjugated anti-BrdUrd MAb to determine the percentage of BrdUrd-labeled cells or with @entity28946 for DNA analysis. The single-cell suspensions were analyzed by flow cytometry. The fraction of S-phase cells in the tissue sections was similar to both the percentage of BrdUrd-labeled nuclei and the S-phase fraction determined by flow cytometric analysis. The results obtained with BrdUrd-labeled nuclei were similar to those obtained from previous autoradiographic studies of various @entity1313 exposed to a pulse of @entity665 . Since BrdUrd is not radioactive and is nontoxic at the dosage used, these techniques, together with the histopathological diagnosis, may help to predict the biological @entity5 .

title: Cell kinetic studies of in situ @entity1 @entity1313 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy of individual tumors']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity28946 :: ('MESH:D014128', 'Chemical') :: ['chromomycin A3']

answer: @entity1603 :: (MESH:D001973,Chemical) :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']


abstract: @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) is an @entity1112 caused by the lack of expression of the dystrophin protein in muscle tissues. We genetically engineered a @entity19 model (mdx) of @entity1555 that allowed for the high level and inducible transcription of a dystrophin mini-gene. This was achieved via the @entity803 -responsive transactivator (tTA) system. Multiple analyses confirmed that dystrophin expression in the @entity19 was: (i) tTA dependent; (ii) correctly localized to the sarcolemmal membranes; (iii) capable of preventing the onset of @entity3986 ; and (iv) effectively blocked by the oral administration of @entity2930 . The model allowed us to somatically extinguish or induce dystrophin gene transcription. Somatic induction of dystrophin transcription prevented the onset of @entity3986 in some muscle groups. The levels of phenotypic rescue were influenced, however, by the age of the animals at the time of dystrophin induction. We also found that despite somatic termination of dystrophin gene transcription, the dystrophin protein was found to be associated with the sarcolemmal membrane for at least 26 weeks. Persistent detection of dystrophin was also accompanied by a prolonged protection of the muscle cells from the onset of @entity3986 . The findings demonstrated that somatic transfer of the dystrophin gene not only may allow for the prevention of @entity3986 in multiple muscle groups, but also may be accompanied by persistent efficacy, secondary to the long-term functional stability of the dystrophin protein in vivo. This model should be useful in future studies concerning the potential of genetic therapy for @entity1555 , as well as other @entity121 .

title: Mdx XXXX inducibly expressing dystrophin provide insights into the potential of gene therapy for @entity1555 .

entities_list: @entity2930 :: ('MESH:D013754', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracyclines']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked recessive disease']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophy', 'dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle disorders']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity483 ( @entity483 ) is a common inflammatory skin disease of unknown etiology. @entity281 with microbes such as @entity794 and/or skin cleansing with detergent exacerbates clinical @entity483 . Here, we generated an @entity483 animal model by destroying skin barrier function with detergent and subsequent topical application of protein A from @entity794 ( @entity7251 ). NC/Nga @entity19 , which genetically have reduced skin barrier function, and BALB/c @entity19 having intact skin barrier function, were susceptible to this combination and developed severe and moderate @entity483 , respectively, associated with dermal accumulation of eosinophils and mast cells. Both types of @entity19 showed an increase in serum levels of @entity6026 , but not IgE. The epidermis of the NC/Nga @entity19 rapidly expressed T helper type 1 (Th1)-associated chemokines, including ligands for @entity14013 and @entity13945 , after application of both @entity7251 and detergent, but not after application of detergent alone. Although treatment with detergent induced moderate Th1 cell response, additional @entity7251 treatment was a prerequisite for induction of the differentiation of naive T cells toward unique Th1 cells, termed "super Th1 cells," capable of producing both Th1 ( @entity60 ) and T helper type 2 cytokine ( @entity1312 ), as well as @entity3019 , and expressing @entity14013 and @entity13945 . Induction of super Th1 cells required @entity6026 stimulation. Blockade of @entity6026 prevented @entity483 development, whereas blockade of @entity3019 partially prevented @entity483 development, suggesting a contribution of @entity6026 -dependent @entity3019 production to @entity483 with @entity20145 . il18-/-BALB/c @entity19 similarly evaded @entity214 / @entity7251 -induced @entity483 . Thus, @entity6026 might be important for the development of @entity281 -associated @entity483 by induction of @entity3019 from super Th1 cells.

title: Contribution of @entity6026 to atopic-dermatitis-like skin inflammation induced by XXXX product in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['Atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity20145 :: ('MESH:D034701', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous mastocytosis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'Cutaneous infection']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7468 ( @entity7468 ) are the histologic hallmark of @entity738 which is known to limit @entity378 . Both @entity1198 and Th2 type of cytokines regulate the immune response occurring within the @entity738 . The objective of the study was to determine whether @entity378 @entity1 monocytes differed in their @entity7468 forming ability as compared to healthy controls. METHODS: In vitro @entity7468 formation was carried out by treatment of monocytes with cytokine containing culture supernatant of ConA or PPD stimulated peripheral mononuclear cells. @entity1199 , @entity310 , @entity3646 , @entity688 and @entity2533 cytokine levels were analysed in culture supernatants using ELISA. @entity3646 and @entity688 were added to culture supernatant separately and simultaneously along with their respective neutralizing antibodies and their consequent effect on @entity7468 formation was evaluated. RESULTS: @entity7468 formation was significantly low in @entity1 monocytes incubated with autologous culture supernatant as compared to control culture supernatant. Cytokine analysis of the culture supernatants revealed that while @entity3646 levels were similar in @entity1 and controls, increased @entity688 levels were found in @entity1 . Exogenous addition of @entity688 resulted in reduced @entity7468 formation. Contrastingly, when @entity3646 was added exogenously, it led to increased @entity7468 formation. The effects of both @entity688 and @entity3646 were reversed upon addition of their respective antibodies. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that one of the factors contributing to the disease could be the effect of cytokines on the functionality of monocytes, which are crucial in the fight against the organism. Significantly reduced @entity7468 formation was observed on addition of @entity688 . The findings imply an overriding role of @entity688 in @entity7468 formation. The suppressive effect of @entity688 on @entity7468 formation was further confirmed by addition of @entity688 neutralizing antibody.

title: @entity688 modulates in vitro multinucleate giant cell formation in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas', 'granuloma']

entities_list: @entity7468 :: ('MESH:D018286', 'Disease') :: ['Multinucleated giant cells', 'MGC']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis infection', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of the 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on @entity5 staging system ( @entity2802 -7) for @entity1 undergoing hepatectomy for @entity157 ( @entity157 ) and to propose a modified @entity2802 system for better prediction of survival. METHODS: Clinico-pathological data for 1,313 @entity1 who underwent hepatectomy as initial treatment for @entity157 between 2000 and 2008 were retrieved from a prospective database. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) were analyzed to evaluate the predictive value. RESULTS: The 1-, 3-, 5-year @entity1349 and @entity66 of 1,313 @entity1 were 79.2, 55.4, 45.5 %, and 52.6, 36.1, 31.8 %, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that major vascular invasion was the most important prognostic factor for both @entity1349 and @entity66 , along with @entity5 number and size. @entity1 with @entity2558 and pT2 disease had significantly better @entity1349 and @entity66 than those with @entity1803 disease (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between pT3a and pT4 (P = 0.552) but @entity1 with pT3b disease had a worse @entity1349 and @entity66 than those with pT4 disease (P = 0.006 and P < 0.001, respectively). A modified @entity2802 system within the existing framework was proposed to combine the current pT3a and pT4 together as the new @entity1803 and to change pT3b to the new pT4. Analysis showed that this modified system had a better prognostic power than either @entity2802 -6 or @entity2802 -7. CONCLUSION: @entity2802 -7 would seem to be inaccurate for staging advanced @entity157 . The modified system can improve both the prognostic accuracy and the hazard discrimination of disease to be consistent among subgroups of @entity157 .

title: A modified @entity2802 -7 staging system to better predict the survival in XXXX with @entity157 after hepatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DFS', 'disease-free survival']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']