abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine echocardiographic, electrocardiographic, and histologic @entity296 that died suddenly and to compare findings with those of Doberman Pinschers with @entity296 that died of @entity712 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 14 Doberman Pinschers with @entity296 that died suddenly (group 1) and 40 Doberman Pinschers with @entity296 and @entity712 (group 2). PROCEDURE: Serial echocardiography and continuous, ambulatory electrocardiographic (Holter) monitoring were performed. Hearts of @entity235 that died suddenly were examined histologically. RESULTS: Group-2 @entity235 died at a significantly older age than did group-1 @entity235 . All @entity235 had echocardiographic abnormalities, but changes were more severe in group-2 than in group-1 @entity235 . @entity1165 were documented in all @entity235 . Group-1 @entity235 were more likely to have episodes of sustained @entity1165 than were group-2 @entity235 . Multifocal @entity82 and replacement of muscle fibers with collagen and fat were consistently observed in hearts from @entity235 that died suddenly. Ten group-1 @entity235 had received antiarrhythmic treatment prior to @entity204 . CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: @entity296 can be identified by means of echocardiography and Holter monitoring in Doberman Pinschers. Doberman Pinschers with @entity296 that had episodes of sustained (> 30 seconds) @entity1165 were at risk of dying suddenly.

title: Clinical and pathologic findings in Doberman pinschers with @entity296 that died suddenly or developed XXXX : 54 cases (1984-1991).

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'Occult cardiomyopathy', 'abnormalities in Doberman Pinschers with occult cardiomyopathy', 'occult cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia', 'Ventricular tachyarrhythmias']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: In the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), conditioning with acoustic stimuli followed by electric leg-stimulation causes shifts in frequency-tuning curves and best frequencies (hereafter BF shifts) of collicular and cortical neurons, i.e., reorganization of the cochleotopic (frequency) maps in the inferior colliculus (IC) and auditory cortex (AC). The collicular BF shift recovers 180 min after the conditioning, but the cortical BF shift lasts longer than 26 h. The collicular BF shift is not caused by conditioning, as the AC is inactivated during conditioning. Therefore it has been concluded that the collicular BF shift is caused by the corticofugal auditory system. The collicular and cortical BF shifts both are not caused by conditioning as the somatosensory cortex is inactivated during conditioning. Therefore it has been hypothesized that the cortical BF shift is mostly caused by both the subcortical (e.g., collicular) BF shift and the activity of nonauditory systems such as the somatosensory cortex excited by an unconditioned leg-stimulation and the cholinergic basal forebrain. The main aims of our present studies are to examine whether @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) applied to the AC augments the collicular and cortical BF shifts caused by the conditioning and whether @entity3897 applied to the AC abolishes the cortical BF shift but not the collicular BF shift, as expected from the preceding hypothesis. In the awake bat, we made the following findings. @entity1617 applied to the AC augments not only the cortical BF shift but also the collicular BF shift through the corticofugal system. @entity3897 applied to the AC reduces the collicular BF shift and abolishes the cortical BF shift which otherwise would be caused. @entity1617 applied to the IC significantly augments the collicular BF shift but affects the cortical BF shift only slightly. @entity1617 makes the cortical BF shift long-lasting beyond 4 h, but it cannot make the collicular BF shift long-lasting beyond 3 h. @entity3897 applied to the IC abolishes the collicular BF shift. It reduces the cortical BF shift but does not abolish it. Our findings favor the hypothesis that the BF shifts evoked by the corticofugal system, and an increased @entity1617 level in the AC evoked by the basal forebrain are both necessary to evoke a long-lasting cortical BF shift.

title: Effects of XXXX and @entity3897 on plasticity of central auditory neurons caused by conditioning in bats.

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: @entity810 is characterized by abrupt deterioration in kidney function, manifested by an increase in serum @entity1011 level with or without reduced urine output. The spectrum of injury ranges from mild to advanced, sometimes requiring renal replacement therapy. The diagnostic evaluation can be used to classify @entity810 as prerenal, intrinsic renal, or postrenal. The initial workup includes a @entity1 history to identify the use of nephrotoxic medications or systemic illnesses that might cause poor renal perfusion or directly impair renal function. Physical examination should assess intravascular volume status and identify @entity1910 indicative of @entity262 . The initial laboratory evaluation should include measurement of serum @entity1011 level, complete blood count, urinalysis, and fractional excretion of @entity1372 . Ultrasonography of the kidneys should be performed in most @entity1 , particularly in older @entity1 , to rule out obstruction. Management of @entity810 involves fluid resuscitation, avoidance of nephrotoxic medications and contrast media exposure, and correction of electrolyte imbalances. Renal replacement therapy (dialysis) is indicated for refractory @entity4144 ; @entity1284 ; intractable @entity520 ; @entity75 , @entity2396 , or @entity5641 ; and removal of certain toxins. Recognition of risk factors (e.g., older age, @entity295 , @entity3485 /shock, cardiac surgery, infusion of contrast agents, @entity6 , preexisting @entity740 , @entity712 , @entity1578 ) is important. Team-based approaches for prevention, early diagnosis, and aggressive management are critical for improving outcomes.

title: XXXX : a guide to diagnosis and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['skin rashes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['uremic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic illness']

entities_list: @entity5641 :: ('MESH:D010998', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritis']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute kidney injury', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume overload']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['Acute kidney injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Breakfast skipping is a common dietary habit practiced among adolescents and is strongly associated with @entity28 . OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine whether a @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) compared with a normal-protein (NP) breakfast leads to daily improvements in appetite, satiety, food motivation and reward, and evening snacking in overweight or @entity28 breakfast-skipping @entity1 . DESIGN: A randomized crossover design was incorporated in which 20 @entity1 [mean    SEM age: 19    1 y; body mass index (in kg/m(2)): 28.6    0.7] consumed 350-kcal NP (13 g protein) cereal-based breakfasts, consumed 350-kcal @entity2101 egg- and beef-rich (35 g protein) breakfasts, or continued breakfast skipping (BS) for 6 d. On day 7, a 10-h testing day was completed that included appetite and satiety questionnaires, blood sampling, predinner food cue-stimulated functional magnetic resonance imaging brain scans, ad libitum dinner, and evening snacking. RESULTS: The consumption of breakfast reduced daily hunger compared with BS with no differences between meals. Breakfast increased daily fullness compared with BS, with the @entity2101 breakfast eliciting greater increases than did the NP breakfast. @entity2101 , but not NP, reduced daily ghrelin and increased daily peptide YY concentrations compared with BS. Both meals reduced predinner amygdala, hippocampal, and midfrontal corticolimbic activation compared with BS. @entity2101 led to additional reductions in hippocampal and parahippocampal activation compared with NP. @entity2101 , but not NP, reduced evening snacking of high-fat foods compared with BS. CONCLUSIONS: Breakfast led to beneficial alterations in the appetitive, hormonal, and neural signals that control food intake regulation. Only the @entity2101 breakfast led to further alterations in these signals and reduced evening snacking compared with BS, although no differences in daily energy intake were observed. These data suggest that the addition of breakfast, particularly one rich in protein, might be a useful strategy to improve satiety, reduce food motivation and reward, and improve diet quality in overweight or @entity28 teenage @entity1 . This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01192100.

title: Beneficial effects of a higher-protein breakfast on the appetitive, hormonal, and neural signals controlling energy intake regulation in overweight/ @entity28 , "breakfast-skipping," late-adolescent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['high-protein', 'HP']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'obese']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girls']


abstract: A total of 316 biopsies from @entity1 with @entity150 who entered a trial of the genito-urinary group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 (EORTC) were reviewed. The histological data were subsequently correlated with the clinical course. A strong correlation between the number of mitoses and the time of first recurrence, @entity11090 , and @entity204 was noted. Next the expression of Ki-67 in frozen sections from 49 @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) and the DNA content of the @entity5 cells were determined. The frequency of Ki-67-positive @entity5 cells increased with @entity5 grade and stage. Grade II @entity1606 and superficially infiltrating @entity1606 showed a wide range of Ki-67 scores. There was a significant difference in Ki-67 score between non-infiltrating (Ta) and superficially infiltrating (T1) grade II @entity1606 . All @entity189 but also 15 out of 36 DNA-diploid @entity5 contained more than 10 per cent Ki-67-positive cells. Only some of these @entity5 were DNA-aneuploid or -tetraploid. The results indicate that the number of Ki-67-positive cells in grade II @entity5 may be a useful aid in separating grade II @entity1606 with a favourable prognosis from those with a poor clinical outcome.

title: Prognostic factors in XXXX : histologic parameters and expression of a cell cycle-related nuclear antigen (Ki-67).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'Cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['DNA-aneuploid carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinomas', 'TCCs']

entities_list: @entity11090 :: ('MESH:D019042', 'Disease') :: ['muscle invasion']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study to analyze the preventive effect of high-dose infliximab in endotoxin-induced @entity1596 (EIU) in @entity95 . METHODS: An experimental study was conducted on 64 @entity95 . @entity2491 lipopolysaccharide endotoxin was intravitreally injected. Infliximab was intravenously (i.v.) injected 24 h before the intravitreal injection (20 mg/kg). The animals were randomly assigned to five groups: group A, saline intravitreal injection; group B, Infliximab i.v. group C, infliximab + saline; group D, intravitreal endotoxin and group E, infliximab i.v. + intravitreal endotoxin. With two masked observers, a microscopic examination of @entity7462 (cells, @entity5 @entity39 factor [TNF] alpha) and aqueous protein level were performed 24 h after an endotoxin injection and 48 h after an infliximab infusion. RESULTS: Infliximab treatment, at a dose of 20 mg/kg, significantly improved all the parameters. Inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly reduced in the iris, ciliary body, and anterior chamber (U Mann-Whitney test, P = 0.01). Associated with a lower level of @entity25229 and protein exudate in @entity7462 (U Mann-Whitney test, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Infliximab, at a dose of 20 mg/kg, is effective in the prophylaxis of the EIU.

title: High-dose infliximab prophylaxis in endotoxin-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity751 ( @entity32 with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to @entity230 ) is an inflammatory process of the central nervous system whose distinguishing features are the enhancing @entity75 in the brainstem that appear in the magnetic resonance images. Clinically, it is accompanied by @entity4653 , @entity2055 and @entity892 , and usually responds to treatment with corticoids. Pathologically, T lymphocytes appear infiltrated in the perivascular spaces of the brainstem. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 40-year-old @entity1 with an initial subacute clinical picture of @entity892 , @entity2055 and @entity4653 . The magnetic resonance brain scan revealed T2 hyperintense @entity75 in the stem, cerebellum, diencephalons and cortico-subcortical areas of both hemispheres, which were enhanced with contrast. An aetiological study was performed to rule out any underlying infectious, @entity5 or inflammatory origin, the results being negative. The @entity1 was treated on two occasions with @entity1667 , with a gradual lowering of the dosage, the response being favourable. CONCLUSIONS: @entity892 and @entity2055 , as in our case, are practically always present. The MR findings consist of punctiform enhancing lesions located in the pons extending towards the cerebellum, basal ganglia and corpus callosum, the enhancement gradient becoming lower as the distance increases rostrally away from the cortex, and caudally towards the spinal cord. In the case of our @entity1 , this gradient is not respected, and the density found was similar to that of lesions at the supratentorial level. The differential diagnosis is wide-ranging and justifies an extensive diagnostic study with, in certain cases, a biopsy study of brain tissue. The disease courses in a relapsing-remitting pattern and the earlier @entity134 therapy is established and the more prolonged it is, the better the prognosis will be.

title: [ XXXX with atypical distribution of lesions in magnetic resonance imaging of the brain].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['punctiform lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['binocular diplopia', 'Diplopia', 'diplopia']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['CLIPPERS syndrome']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity751 :: (MESH:D013577,Disease) :: ['CLIPPERS syndrome']


abstract: A few studies have suggested an antitumour activity of @entity1943 analogues in @entity5 ( @entity5 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the antitumour efficacy of @entity1943 analogues in @entity1 with documented progressive @entity5 . 35 consecutive @entity1 with documented @entity5 progression were treated with @entity1943 analogues. @entity1 were classified into two groups. In Group 1, @entity5 were progressing rapidly (an increase of 50% or more in the lesion surface area in 3 months) and in Group 2, @entity5 were progressing more slowly (an increase of less than 50% in the lesion surface area in 3 months but greater than 25% in 6 months). Treatment consisted of subcutaneous (s.c.) octreotide, 100 microg thrice daily for 17 @entity1 , intramuscular lanreotide, 30 mg/every 14 days for 11 @entity1 and for 7 @entity1 both @entity1943 analogues were used successively during the follow-up. Primary @entity5 sites were the small intestine (n=12), pancreas (n=13), lungs (n=5), and other sites (n=5). 18 @entity1 had the @entity4303 with @entity294 . The median duration of treatment was 7 months. Treatment was discontinued in 3 @entity1 due to side-effects. One @entity1 (3%) achieved a partial response and the disease was stabilised in 20 @entity1 (57%) for a median duration of 11 months (6-48 months). Stabilisation of @entity1 in Group 1 was significantly less frequent at 6 months than that of @entity1 in Group 2 (4/12 and 13/17 respectively, P<0.02). @entity1943 analogue treatment resulted in one partial response (3%) and 20 cases of stabilisation (57%) in 35 @entity1 with progressive @entity5 . @entity5 growth rate before treatment is predictive of a good response to @entity1943 analogues which could be considered an option for first-line treatment.

title: Antitumour activity of XXXX analogues in progressive metastatic @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['A slow tumour', 'NET', 'tumours', 'neuroendocrine tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['flushing and/or diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin', 'Somatostatin']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['somatostatin']


abstract: @entity74 is a rare condition that often present at birth with @entity272 and @entity2681 . They are associated with defective cohesion of the dermis and epidermis. There are 3 principal types: Simple, junctional and dystrophic. The severity of the condition is quite variable. The most severe forms are incompatible with life. The most common types in our country are the severe ones such as the @entity4240 subtype. Hands and mucosal areas can develop @entity5862 . We report here a case of @entity4240 in a 27-year-old @entity1 whose finger lesion was managed surgically. This treatment consisted of complete removal of constrictions and adhesions, accompanied by use of a Hueston flap and skin graft to repair the tissue deficit. The @entity1 's clinical course required several repeat operations. This surgery allowed the possible total loss of hand function to be delayed but the inevitable progression of the illness made the treatment somewhat disappointing. Psychosocial implications are very significant in our setting.

title: XXXX : Case report of finger localization.

entities_list: @entity4240 :: ('MESH:D016108', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa', 'Hallopeau -Siemens']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin blisters']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Inherited epidermolysis bullosa']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['Inherited epidermolysis bullosa']


abstract: We describe an unusual case of acute @entity451 in a young adult (7.5-month-old) Long-Evans @entity35 that resulted from a spontaneous @entity784 . At presentation, a neurologic exam revealed normal pelvic limb flexor reflexes, the absence of an anal reflex, and @entity158 recognition. Radiographs did not identify any obvious spinal abnormality or osseous @entity130 , although the liver and spleen were prominent. Hematologic analysis disclosed @entity491 with atypical lymphocytes. At necropsy, red, friable to gelatinous masses were found associated with the ventral aspect of the vertebral column at the levels of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Impression smears of the mass revealed a monocytic cell population with cells averaging 7 to 10 microm in diameter and having scant cytoplasm and pleomorphic nuclei, characteristics consistent with a @entity706 . Histologically, the @entity5 was unencapsulated, poorly demarcated and highly infiltrative, invading and effacing the bone marrow and epidural space of the vertebral column. Neoplastic cells also were identified in the femoral bone marrow, spleen, liver, iliac and sacral lymph nodes, and lung. Immunophenotyping showed the @entity5 to be of T-cell origin. Although the @entity706 did not invade the meninges of the spinal cord, its impingement on the central and peripheral nervous systems resulted in foci of @entity6441 that contributed to the @entity451 . This case report highlights the importance of having @entity706 and @entity1778 among the differential diagnoses in cases of acute @entity912 in rodents.

title: Acute XXXX in a young adult long-evans @entity35 resulting from @entity784 .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphoid neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['deep pain']

entities_list: @entity6441 :: ('MESH:D014855', 'Disease') :: ['Wallerian degeneration']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity451 :: (MESH:C536857,Disease) :: ['paraplegia']


abstract: 1. A double @entity969 -gap voltage-clamp technique is described for use on smooth muscle strips longer than about 2 mm. It involves intracellular recording by microelectrode of the membrane potential of a narrow region of the strip ("node") sandwiched between two streams of deionized @entity969 solution. Current was passed into the node across one or both @entity969 streams. 2. Preliminary experiments in which potential was recorded intracellularly at two points during polarization of a "short cable" preparation, formed by folding over a strip of smooth muscle, suggested that a node width of less than 0-15 mm was needed to achieve uniform potential during inward current flow. However, when node width between @entity969 -gaps was reduced to 0-5 mm, spontaneous electrical activity was lost, and below 0-5 mm spike threshold was raised and the regenerative spike became graded. The currents flowing during the application of rectangular voltage-clamp command potentials were described. 3. Using @entity14776 smooth muscle it was shown by recording with a second, independent micro-electrode that potential was not uniform for up to 200 ms or more following a step change in potential under voltage-clamp in nodes 0-4-0-5 mm wide where current was passed across both @entity969 gaps. However, reasonably uniform nodal potentials were obtained using ramps with relatively slow rates of rise (25 mV/s). 4. Using such slow ramp commands under voltage clamp, the effects of @entity5402 on the current-voltage relationship of longitudinal muscle of ileum and @entity14776 were studied in hypertonic solution. 5. In the presence of @entity5402 (10(-6) to 10(-5) g/ml.) additional inward current flowed across the membrane (in some experiments an equilibrium potential was observed at which this current reversed direction). The magnitude of this additional current was linearly related to potential at potentials negative to the resting potential. At potentials positive to the resting membrane potential, this additional current increased with depolarization over the range -40 to -10 mV; in ileum the effect of this additional inward current on the current-voltage relationship was to produce a region of net inward current where before, in the absence of @entity5402 , a net outward current existed. In @entity14776 the additional inward current flowing in the presence of @entity5402 was too small to produce a region of net inward current; thus @entity5402 produced regenerative slow oscillations of potential (slow waves) in ileum but not in @entity14776 . 6. These results support a previous suggestion that activation of the @entity934 receptor of ileal smooth muscle produces an additional inward current in the membrane which increases with depolarization and is responsible for the regenerative slow waves seen when muscarinic stimulants are applied. A similar effect apparently operates in @entity14776 but the additional inward current is too small to produce regenerative slow waves.

title: Effects of stimulating the XXXX receptor on the current-voltage relationships of the smooth muscle membrane studied by voltage clamp of potential recorded by micro-electrode.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the time to diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 with @entity5849 is significantly less for @entity1 who had @entity341 ( @entity341 ) right upper quadrant (RUQ) ultrasound (US) compared with those who had US in the radiology department. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective review of eligible @entity1 presenting to an urban @entity341 between January 1990 and December 1998. @entity1 were included in the study if they were seen in the @entity341 , had a discharge diagnosis of @entity5849 , were brought immediately to the operating room after a definitive diagnosis of @entity5849 was made, and had more than 400 mL of intraperitoneal blood found at the time of surgery. The @entity341 , hospital, radiology, and operative records were reviewed to determine presenting vital signs, intraperitoneal @entity190 , time to diagnosis, time to treatment, and type of US performed. RESULTS: There were 37 @entity1 enrolled; 16 received @entity341 RUQ US (group I) and 21 had a formal US in radiology (group II). The ages, pulses, systolic blood pressures, and volumes of hemoperitoneum were similar between the two groups. The average time to diagnosis from @entity341 arrival was 58 minutes for group I (SD = 57; 95% CI = 28 to 87) and 197 minutes for group II (SD = 82; 95% CI = 162 to 232) (p < or = 0.0001). The average time to operative treatment was 111 minutes (group I) (SD = 86; 95% CI = 69 to 153) and 322 minutes (group II) (SD = 107; 95% CI = 270 to 364) (p < or = 0.0001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity5849 , who were selected to have RUQ US performed in the @entity341 by emergency physicians, had an average decrease in time to diagnosis of two and a quarter hours, and an average decrease in time to treatment of three and a half hours, compared with those having a formal pelvic US in the radiology department. Further prospective investigation is needed to determine whether @entity341 RUQ US can safely expedite care of @entity1 with suspected ectopic pregnancy.

title: Emergency department right upper quadrant ultrasound is associated with a reduced time to diagnosis and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5849 :: ('MESH:D011271', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured ectopic pregnancy', 'ectopic pregnancy rupture']

answer: @entity5849 :: (MESH:D011271,Disease) :: ['ruptured ectopic pregnancies']


abstract: PURPOSE: Candidates for diabetic vitrectomy often have concurrent @entity8 and have undergone hemodialysis. The influence of hemodialysis on the surgical outcome of vitrectomy was investigated. METHODS: Vitrectomy was performed on 76 eyes with @entity6 in 66 @entity1 with @entity454 who had undergone hemodialysis. Follow-up was longer than 1 year. RESULTS: No uncontrollable @entity548 occurred either during or immediately after the surgery. Final visual acuity after surgery was the same as preoperative visual acuity in 31.5% of the eyes; improvement was seen in 60.5% of the eyes. A final visual acuity of 0.2 or better was observed in 57.6% of the eyes. Major @entity260 included recurrent @entity548 , @entity1713 , fibrin clot formation, @entity2297 , flat anterior chamber, and a transient rise in intraocular pressure. CONCLUSION: @entity177 and hemodialysis do not appear to have a deteriorative influence on the outcome of vitrectomy for @entity6 . A flat anterior chamber seems to be a rare and perhaps unique postoperative complication of gas-filled eyes in @entity1 who have undergone hemodialysis.

title: Vitrectomy for @entity6 in XXXX undergoing hemodialysis for associated @entity454 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'vitreous hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['rhegmatogenous retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2297 :: ('MESH:D015355', 'Disease') :: ['neovascular glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8073 protein L (PpL) is a multidomain, bacterial surface protein whose presence correlates with virulence. It consists of up to five homologous immunoglobulin binding domains that interact with the @entity13974 ( @entity13974 ) regions of kappa light chains found on two thirds of mammalian antibodies. RESULTS: We refined the crystal structure of the complex between a human antibody Fab fragment (2A2) and a single PpL domain (61 residues) to 2.7 A. The asymmetric unit contains two Fab molecules sandwiching a single PpL domain, which contacts similar @entity13974 framework regions of two light chains via independent interfaces. The residues contacted on @entity13974 are remote from the hypervariable loops. One PpL-Vkappa interface agrees with previous biochemical data, while the second is novel. Site-directed mutagenesis and analytical-centrifugation studies suggest that the two PpL binding sites have markedly different affinities for @entity13974 . The PpL residues in both interactions are well conserved among different @entity8073 strains. The Fab contact positions identified in the complex explain the high specificity of PpL for antibodies with kappa rather than lambda chains. CONCLUSIONS: The PpL-Fab complex shows the first interaction of a bacterial virulence factor with a Fab light chain outside the conventional combining site. Structural comparison with two other bacterial proteins interacting with the Fab heavy chain shows that PpL, structurally homologous to streptococcal @entity55872 domains, shares with the latter a similar binding mode. These two bacterial surface proteins interact with their respective immunoglobulin regions through a similar beta zipper interaction.

title: Complex between XXXX protein L and a human antibody reveals structural convergence in the interaction modes of Fab binding proteins.

entities_list: @entity8073 :: ('1260', 'Species') :: ['Peptostreptococcus magnus']

answer: @entity8073 :: (1260,Species) :: ['Peptostreptococcus magnus']


abstract: Previous studies have mostly shown positive effects of @entity835 use on cognition in @entity1 with @entity161 , which could reflect lower neurocognitive vulnerability. There are however no studies comparing whether such cognitive differences have neuronal correlates. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare whether @entity1 with previous @entity835 use differ in brain activation from @entity1 who has never used @entity835 . The @entity1 groups were compared on the ability to up-regulate an effort mode network during a cognitive task and down-regulate activation in the same network during a task-absent condition. Task-present and task-absent brain activation was measured by functional magnetic resonance neuroimaging (fMRI). Twenty-six @entity1 with a DSM-IV and ICD-10 diagnosis of @entity161 were grouped into a previous @entity835 user group and a no- @entity835 group. An auditory dichotic listening task with instructions of attention focus on either the right or left ear stimulus was used to tap verbal processing, attention, and cognitive control, calculated as an aggregate score. When comparing the two groups, there were remaining activations in the task-present condition for the @entity835 group, not seen in the no- @entity835 group, while there was remaining activation in the task-absent condition for the no- @entity835 group, not seen in the @entity835 group. Thus, the @entity1 with previous @entity835 use showed increased activation in an effort mode network and decreased activation in the default mode network as compared to the no- @entity835 group. It is concluded that the present study show some differences in brain activation to a cognitively challenging task between previous @entity835 and no- @entity835 @entity161 @entity1 .

title: An fMRI Study of Neuronal Activation in XXXX @entity1 with and without Previous Cannabis Use.

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3483 ( @entity3483 ) are a common complication in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 . Even though no large series confirming this exist, @entity803 pleurodesis has become the therapy of choice. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate its efficacy, adverse effects and possible factors predicting the success of the method. METHODS: Between 1985 through 1991, 91 @entity1 with cytologically or histologically confirmed @entity3483 were treated with 1,000-1,500 mg @entity803 pleurodesis. There were 49 females and 42 males, with a mean age of 59 years. The most common @entity5 were lung, @entity0 . 85% @entity1 complained of @entity1353 and the volume of the effusion was moderate in half the cases. 12 variables were analyzed in relation with the probability of response through chi 2 test; survival and recurrence times were calculated with Kaplan and Meier's method. RESULTS: 73 @entity1 were evaluable, with a 67% response rate (22 complete, 27 partial). Time to relapse was significantly higher for partial responses (mean 112 days) than for failures (mean 33 days). 37 @entity1 presented mild complications ( @entity158 and @entity221 ). Karnofsky performance status (70% or greater), size of the effusion (small or moderate), chest radiograph (only effusion) and pleural LDH (600 U/l or less) attained favourable prognostic significance. Median survival was reached at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity803 pleurodesis is an effective and well-tolerated paliative treatment for @entity3483 . Along with other known parameters (pleural pH and @entity413 levels), Karnofsky performance status, size of the effusion, chest radiograph and pleural LDH allow to predict its results and optimize its indications.

title: [ @entity803 pleurodesis for treatment of XXXX . Retrospective study of 91 cases].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast and unknown primary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant pleural effusions', 'MPE']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetracycline', 'tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3483 :: (MESH:D016066,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural effusions']


abstract: An allele of the @entity19 brachyury locus, @entity55170 , had been shown previously to involve a deletion of several markers in the proximal part of chromosome 17, and almost certainly includes deletion of the t-complex distorter gene @entity55171 . The effects of @entity55170 on transmission ratio distortion and @entity4810 caused by the t-complex were compared with those of a partial t-haplotype th51, which carries the t-form of the distorter Tcd-1t. In combination with the complete haplotype tw32, @entity55170 caused severe impairment of male fertility, but males of genotype @entity55170 /t6 or @entity55170 /th51 were normally fertile. These results were very similar to those obtained when th51 was in combination with the same haplotypes. In effect on transmission ratio @entity55170 was again similar to th51, in that it produced a marked increase in the transmission of the haplotype t6. To test whether the effects of @entity55170 were due to deletion of elements other than @entity55171 , the effect of @entity55170 on transmission of the partial haplotype th2 was compared with that of the deletion Thp. Again @entity55170 markedly increased transmission of the t-haplotype and the effect was significantly greater than the small effect produced by Thp. It is concluded that deletion of the distorter @entity55171 has an effect like that of the t-form of this distorter, Tcd-1t, and hence that @entity55171 t must be an amorph or hypomorph. It is speculated that other t-complex distorters, @entity55172 t and @entity55173 t, may also be amorphs or hypomorphs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Deletion of XXXX t-complex distorter-1 produces an effect like that of the t-form of the distorter.

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male sterility']

entities_list: @entity55170 :: ('p|SUB|T|22|H', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['T22H']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Microvascular imaging (MVI), a new ultrasound technology, is used to analyze brain perfusion at the @entity1 's bedside. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of MVI in @entity1 with @entity64 ( @entity64 ). METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 suffering from @entity64 (mean age, 70.9    12.2 years; 47% female; mean NIHSS-score, 12    8) were investigated within the first 12 hours after symptom onset. We used the iU22 (Philips) system (S5-1 probe; low-mechanical index; depth, 13 cm), and 2 bolus injections of an ultrasound contrast agent (2.4 mL SonoVue per injection). The area of maximal perfusion deficit (AMPD) was compared with @entity1188 on follow-up cranial computed tomography (CT) and NIHSS score 24 hours after @entity64 onset. RESULTS: Of 19 @entity1 , 15 @entity1 (79%) had sufficient insonation conditions. Of these @entity1 , 12 had @entity1188 . The sensitivity and specificity of detecting @entity1188 with ultrasound perfusion imaging were 91% and 67%, respectively. A significant correlation existed between the AMPD and NIHSS score at 24 hours after symptom onset (P= .023), and with occlusion of the internal carotid artery (P= .005). CONCLUSION: Performing bedside MVI in the early phase of @entity64 provides information on brain parenchyma perfusion and prognosis of @entity64 .

title: Microvascular imaging in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic stroke', 'AIS', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Awareness of individuals' knowledge and predicting their behavior and emotional reactions is crucial when evaluating clinical preparedness for @entity683 pandemics with a highly pathogenic virus. Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) relating to @entity1323 (H5N1) @entity778 among residents in communities where H5N1 @entity1 occurred in Vietnam has not been reported. METHODS AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Face-to-face interviews including KAP survey were conducted in Bac Kan province, located in the northeast mountainous region of Vietnam. @entity1 were residents who lived in a community where H5N1 cases have ever been reported (event group, n=322) or one where cases have not been reported (non-event group, n=221). Data on emotional reactions of @entity1 and healthcare-seeking behavior after the event in neighboring areas were collected as well as information on demographics and environmental measures, information sources, and KAP regarding H5N1. These data were compared between two groups. Higher environmental risk of H5N1 and improper poultry-handling behaviors were identified in the event group. At the time of the event, over 50% of the event group sought healthcare for flu-like symptoms or because they were scared. Awareness of the event influenced KAP scores. Healthcare-seeking behavior and attention to H5N1 poultry outbreaks diminished in the event group as time passed after the outbreak compared with the non-event group. Factors that motivated @entity1 to seek healthcare sooner were knowledge of early access to healthcare and the risk of eating sick/dead poultry, and perception of the threat of H5N1. CONCLUSIONS: Awareness of H5N1 @entity1 in neighboring areas can provoke @entity4697 in residents and influence their healthcare-seeking behavior. Periodic education to share experiences on the occurrence of H5N1 @entity1 and provide accurate information may help prevent @entity281 and reduce mortality. Local conditions should be taken into account when emphasizing the need for early access to healthcare.

title: Knowledge, attitudes, practices and emotional reactions among residents of XXXX (H5N1) hit communities in Vietnam.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus infection']

entities_list: @entity1323 :: ('MESH:D005585', 'Disease') :: ['avian influenza']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['panic and infection']

answer: @entity1323 :: (MESH:D005585,Disease) :: ['avian influenza']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To see whether @entity1 who have had chemotherapy develop increased numbers of moles. DESIGN: Blind assessment of @entity1 having chemotherapy and subsequent comparison with the first suitable @entity1 matched for age and sex who were attending the clinic during the same period after having completed treatment. Controls were obtained the following year by taking the first suitable @entity1 attending a routine dermatology outpatient clinic who matched the study groups for age and sex. SETTING: Referrals to a paediatric oncology clinic and a dermatology clinic at two city hospitals. @entity1 : The group receiving chemotherapy comprised all 32 @entity1 with @entity1778 , and @entity980 who were attending the paediatric oncology clinic on two mornings a week during October 1987 to March 1988. The group who had completed treatment comprised 32 @entity1 who were attending for follow up during the same period and who matched the first group for age and sex. Thirty two other @entity1 attending the dermatology outpatient clinic with unrelated skin conditions served as controls. END POINT: Definite increase in numbers of moles on @entity1 after a course of chemotherapy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Moles were counted by one observer on defined areas of the body and divided into those less than 3 mm and greater than or equal to 3 mm diameter. @entity1 receiving chemotherapy had a similar number of moles to the control group. By contrast @entity1 who had completed chemotherapy had significant increases both in moles less than 3 mm and greater than or equal to 3 mm and in the total number of moles. These @entity1 were more likely to have moles on acral sites. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with substantially increased numbers of moles (benign melanocytic naevi) after successful chemotherapy for @entity5 may have an increased risk of @entity320 . They should be offered prolonged surveillance and cautioned about exposure to ultraviolet light.

title: Excess benign melanocytic naevi after chemotherapy for XXXX in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphatic leukaemia, lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: In this study on decapod crustaceans, we examined the @entity141 - and @entity15410 -activation properties of skeletal muscle fibres from an identified proprioceptor, the thoracic coxal muscle receptor organ (TCMRO) and its extrafusal promotor muscle fibres. Proprioceptors and extrafusal muscles were isolated from a walking leg from the crayfish ( @entity18271 ) and the rear swimming leg of the @entity8389 ( @entity8389 ). The crayfish and @entity8389 TCMROs had very low Hill coefficient (nCa) values (1.86 +/- 0.08 and 1.64 +/- 0.03, respectively). In comparison to other skeletal muscle fibre types these low Hill coefficients would enable the length of the receptor muscles to be finely controlled over a wide range of [ @entity141 ]. Maximum force was found to be significantly lower in the TCMROs (crayfish: 5.76 +/- 0.98; crab: 4.80 +/- 0.56 Ncm(-2)), compared to their associated extrafusal promotor muscle fibres (crayfish: 10.69 +/- 1.63; crab: 20.07 +/- 1.98 Ncm(-2)), which is consistent with their sensory role. The muscle fibres of the crayfish TCMRO had faster contractile properties than the @entity8389 TCMRO, we discuss how these contractile properties relate to the type of locomotion undergone by each leg. The @entity8389 'red' promotor and all crayfish promotor fibres were characterised as slow with low Hill coefficients (nCa: crayfish: 3.22 +/- 0.29; crab: 3.34 +/- 0.29) and a contractile apparatus with a high sensitivity to @entity141 (pCa50: crayfish: 6.42 +/- 0.03; crab: 6.18 +/- 0.03). In contrast the 'white' @entity8389 promotor fibres from the swimming leg had contractile properties that were characteristic of fast fibres with a high mean Hill coefficient (nCa: 5.27 +/- 0.76) and a lower @entity141 sensitivity (pCa50: 6.03 +/- 0.03). The sensitivity of the contractile apparatus to @entity15410 was very low (range of mean pSr50: 4.23 +/- 0.03-3.48 +/- 0.06) and low force levels were produced in comparison to that produced with @entity141 . The results of this study show that the muscle fibres of the sensory receptor, produce less force and have been adapted to enable the length of the receptor to be finely set in relation to the length of the extrafusal muscle. We discuss how the striated fibres of the receptor have been adapted to perform a sensory role and how this is related to the type of locomotion undergone by the legs. We also discuss how the fibre types of the extrafusal muscle have adapted to the mode of locomotion.

title: XXXX - and @entity15410 -activation properties of muscle fibres from a muscle receptor organ and the associated extrafusal muscle of the crab and crayfish.

entities_list: @entity18271 :: ('6723', 'Species') :: ['Cherax destructor']

entities_list: @entity8389 :: ('6761', 'Species') :: ['mud crab', 'Scylla serrata']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the requirement of @entity18159 ( @entity18159 ) for differentiation of the @entity1 @entity267 and conjunctiva. METHODS: Newborn @entity19 or surgically removed embryonic day (E)18 to E19 fetuses of wild-type and @entity15385 (-/-) @entity19 were analyzed by light microscopy and electron microscopy or immunocytochemistry using anti-keratin (K)12, K4, K5, IkappaB, or nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB ( @entity1991 ) antibody. RESULTS: In the @entity15385 (-/-) eyes, the epithelium of the @entity267 and the conjunctiva consisted of poorly differentiated cells with round nuclei. K5 was much stronger in the conjunctiva of the @entity15385 (-/-) @entity19 . Expression of @entity15251 in the @entity267 and K4 in the conjunctiva was impaired in the @entity15385 (-/-) @entity19 . IkappaB expression was low in epithelium of the @entity267 and conjunctiva of the wild type @entity19 but was very strong in that of the @entity15385 (-/-) @entity19 . During normal development of the conjunctiva, nuclear localization of @entity1991 was seen in areas where basal undifferentiated cells give rise to differentiated cell types, marked by expression of @entity52553 . However, in the @entity15385 (-/-) tissues, no nuclear @entity1991 staining was detected. CONCLUSIONS: @entity15385 is specifically required for formation of @entity267 and conjunctiva. This function may be exerted through an effect on NF-kappaB activity.

title: @entity18159 is essential for development of the @entity1 XXXX and conjunctiva.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity18159 :: ('1147', 'Gene') :: ['Ikkalpha', 'IkappaB kinase alpha']

answer: @entity267 :: (MESH:D065306,Disease) :: ['cornea']


abstract: In Impatiens balsamina a lack of commitment of the meristem during floral development leads to the continuous requirement for a leaf-derived floral signal. In the absence of this signal the meristem reverts to leaf production. Current models for @entity958 state that LEAFY (LFY) is central to the integration of floral signals and regulates flowering partly via interactions with TERMINAL @entity30387 ( @entity45402 ) and @entity41989 (AG). Here we describe Impatiens homologues of LFY, @entity45402 (IbLFY, IbTFL1 and IbAG) that are highly conserved at a sequence level and demonstrate homologous functions when expressed ectopically in transgenic @entity958 . We relate the expression patterns of IbTFL1 and IbAG to the control of terminal flowering and floral determinacy in Impatiens. IbTFL1 is involved in controlling the phase of the axillary meristems and is expressed in axillary shoots and axillary meristems which produce inflorescences, but not in axillary flowers. It is not involved in maintaining the terminal meristem in either an inflorescence or indeterminate state. Terminal flowering in Impatiens appears therefore to be controlled by a pathway that uses a different integration system than that regulating the development of axillary flowers and branches. The pattern of ovule production in Impatiens requires the meristem to be maintained after the production of carpels. Consistent with this morphological feature IbAG appears to specify stamen and carpel identity, but is not sufficient to specify meristem determinacy in Impatiens.

title: LEAFY, TERMINAL XXXX and @entity41989 are functionally conserved but do not regulate terminal flowering and floral determinacy in Impatiens balsamina.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity30387 :: (829845(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['FLOWER1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To verify the applicability and validity of time-frequency analysis ( @entity13799 ) of evoked potential (EP) signals in detecting the integrity of spinal cord function and preventing @entity1566 . METHODS: The spinal cord was simulated during surgery in 20 mature @entity35 by mechanically damaging the spinal cord. Cortical somatosensory evoked potential (CSEP), spinal somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP), cortical motor evoked potential (CMEP), and spinal cord evoked potential (SCEP) were used to monitor spinal cord function. Short time Fourier transform (STFT) was applied to the CSEP signal, and cone shaped distribution (CSD) was used as the @entity13799 algorithm for SSEP, CMEP, and SCEP signals. The changes in the latency and amplitude of EP signals were measured in the time domain, and peak time, peak frequency, and peak power were measured in the time-frequency distribution (TFD). RESULTS: The TFDs of EPs were found to concentrate in a certain location under normal conditions. When injury occurred, the energy decreased in peak power, and there was a greater dispersion of energy across the time-frequency range. Strong relations were found between latency and peak time, and amplitude and peak power. However, the change in peak power after injury was significantly larger than the corresponding change in amplitude (p<0.001 by ANOVA). CONCLUSIONS: It was found that @entity13799 of EPs provided an earlier and more sensitive indication of injury than time domain monitoring alone. It is suggested that @entity13799 of EP signals should therefore be useful in preventing @entity1566 during surgery.

title: Prevention of XXXX with time-frequency analysis of evoked potentials: an experimental study.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: Six @entity1 with advanced @entity978 in which multiple conventional treatments (median prior chemotherapy regimens: seven), radiation therapy, and a prior autologous @entity8 ( @entity8 ) had failed underwent allogeneic @entity8 following a @entity3118 -based conditioning regimen. Median age was 29 years (22-30). Median time to progression after autologous @entity8 was 6 months (4-21). Disease status at transplant was refractory relapse (n = 3) and sensitive relapse (n = 3). Cell source was filgrastim-mobilized peripheral blood stem cells from an HLA-identical sibling (n = 4) or matched unrelated donor marrow (n = 2). Conditioning regimens were @entity3118 - @entity786 -antithymocyte globulin (n = 4), @entity3118 -melphalan (n = 1) and @entity3118 - @entity2592 - @entity8779 (n = 1). Myeloid recovery was prompt, with an absolute neutrophil count > or =500/microl on day 12 (11-15). Median platelet recovery to > or =20000/microl was on day 9 (0-60). Chimerism studies on day 30 indicated 100% donor-derived hematopoiesis in 4/5 evaluable @entity1 (4/4 non-progressors). All responders (3/3) have ongoing 100% donor-derived chimerism. @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) was diagnosed in 4/6 evaluable @entity1 . @entity2132 was present in 2/4 evaluable @entity1 . There were no regimen-related @entity204 . Overall day 100 transplant-related mortality was 2/6 (33%). Three @entity1 have expired and three are alive and progression-free with a median follow-up of 9 months (6-26) post transplant. We conclude that allogeneic @entity8 with @entity3118 -based preparative regimens is feasible in these high-risk, heavily pretreated @entity2033 @entity1 .

title: Allogeneic @entity8 with @entity3118 -based, less intensive conditioning regimens as adoptive immunotherapy in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity8779 :: ('MESH:D015255', 'Chemical') :: ['idarubicin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'Chronic GVHD', 'Acute graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: This work was carried out on 45 @entity1 with chronic @entity409 , including 24 cases of @entity1575 and 21 cases of @entity3619 . Their ages ranged from 2 to 15 years (median 5). All cases were examined clinically and assessed biochemically for liver function tests. Serological studies were performed to detect @entity1956 surface antigen (HBsAg) and delta IgG antibody (IgG anti- @entity2033 ) using Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) technique. The study showed that IgG anti- @entity2033 was detected in 8.9% of cases with chronic @entity409 (all positive cases were with @entity1575 ). On the other hand, HBsAg was detected in 53.3% of cases (54.2% of them with @entity82 and 45.8% with @entity3619 ) with no significant association between HBsAg positivity and type of @entity99 . Moreover, IgG anti- @entity2033 was positive in only 4.2% of HBsAg positive cases, while 14.3% of HBsAg negative cases were positive for IgG anti- @entity2033 . A significant association was also found between delta positivity and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transferase level (SGOT). We concluded that chronic delta @entity99 appeared to be more severe than other types of @entity3619 , as all delta positive cases were with @entity1575 and had elevated SGOT levels. Screening of delta markers in addition to @entity1956 viral markers could improve the understanding of a number of obscure cases of chronic @entity99 and would help in the control of @entity97 and consequently @entity44013 infection in the general population.

title: Delta virus and XXXX surface antigen in chronic @entity409 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic viral hepatitis', 'chronic hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic illness', 'hepatitis', 'hepatic illnesses']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is a chronic @entity32 with predominance of type I cytokine [ @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ), @entity379 ( @entity379 )] production. In this prospective study, we evaluated the influence of longterm therapy with @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in combination with low dose corticosteroids on the type 1/type 2 cytokine balance in @entity309 . METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from 10 controls and 20 @entity1 with @entity309 before therapy and after 12 mo of therapy with @entity1500 in combination with low dose @entity288 . Using flow cytometry, the intracellular production of @entity1199 , @entity379 , and @entity3646 was measured in @entity404 + and @entity405 + T lymphocytes. RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, @entity1 with @entity309 before therapy showed an increased percentage of @entity1199 positive @entity404 + and @entity405 + T cells (p = 0.002, p = 0.01, respectively). An increased percentage of @entity379 positive @entity405 + T cells was found (p = 0.0006) compared with the control group. After 12 months of therapy, a significantly decreased percentage of @entity1199 positive @entity404 + T cells and @entity379 positive @entity404 + and @entity405 + T lymphocytes was observed (p = 0.0003, p = 0.0007, p = 0.001). The percentage of @entity3646 / @entity379 positive @entity404 + and @entity405 + T cells was significantly higher after 12 months of therapy (p = 0.01, p = 0.02). There was a positive correlation between the percentage of @entity379 positive @entity404 + T cells and disease activity variables (Ritchie Index and number of swollen joints) in @entity309 @entity1 before therapy (r = 0.6, p = 0.04 and r = 0.4, p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: Longterm therapy with @entity1500 in combination with low dose corticosteroids for @entity309 influenced the predominance of type 1 cytokines toward normalization of the cytokine balance in both @entity404 + and @entity405 + T lymphocytes.

title: Influence of longterm therapy with @entity1499 and low dose corticosteroids on type 1 and type 2 cytokine production in @entity404 + and @entity405 + T lymphocytes of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hereditary factors have been reported in 5-10% of cases with exocrine @entity788 and recent data support a role for @entity2674 . AIMS: We have studied the prevalence of germline @entity2674 mutations in two groups of @entity1 with exocrine @entity788 from an unselected series in Spain: group A included 24 cases showing @entity5 and group B included 54 age, sex, and hospital matched cases without such evidence. METHODS: Information was obtained by interview of @entity1 and was validated by a telephone interview with a structured questionnaire. In @entity1 from group A, >80% of the coding sequence of @entity2674 was analysed; in @entity1 from group B, the regions in which germline @entity2674 mutations have been described to be associated with @entity788 were screened. RESULTS: Telephone interviews led to reclassification of 7/54 cases (13%). @entity5 was found in 24/165 cases (14.5%); six @entity1 had a first degree relative with @entity788 (3.6%) and nine @entity1 had relatives with @entity0 . Germline @entity2674 mutations were not identified in any @entity1 from group A (0/23). Among group B cases, one germline variant ( @entity56135 > @entity56136 ) was found in a 59 year old male without a family history of @entity5 . The @entity30073 mutation was not found in any of the 71 cases analysed. CONCLUSIONS: The overall prevalence of @entity2674 mutations among @entity1 with @entity788 in Spain is low and the @entity30073 mutation appears to be very infrequent. Our data do not support screening @entity1 with @entity788 for germline @entity2674 mutations to identify relatives at high risk of developing this @entity5 .

title: Family history of XXXX and germline @entity2674 mutations in sporadic exocrine @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the pancreas', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Familial aggregation of cancer', 'cancer', 'familial aggregation of cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity56136 :: ('p|SUB|N|1880|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Asn1880Lys']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Triple therapy currently forms the cornerstone of the treatment of @entity1 with @entity1534 -positive duodenal @entity1066 . AIM: To establish whether prolonged antisecretory therapy is necessary in @entity1 with active duodenal @entity1066 . METHODS: A total of 77 @entity1 with @entity1534 -positive duodenal @entity1066 were included in a prospective, controlled, double-blind study. All @entity1 received a 7-day treatment with @entity4546 20 mg b.d., @entity4581 500 mg b.d. and @entity115 1000 mg b.d. @entity1 in the @entity4546 group underwent an additional 14-day therapy with @entity4546 20 mg; @entity1 in placebo group received placebo. Endoscopy was performed upon inclusion in the study and after 3 and 8 weeks. RESULTS: Seventy-four @entity1 were eligible for a per protocol analysis after 3 weeks, and 65 after 8 weeks. After 3 weeks, the healing rate was 89% in the @entity4546 group and 81% in the placebo group (P=0.51). After 8 weeks, the @entity1066 healed in 97% of the @entity1 in the total group (95% CI: 92.7-100%). @entity1534 was eradicated in 88% of @entity1 in the @entity4546 group and in 91% in the placebo group (P=1.0). No statistically significant differences between the groups were found in @entity1066 or in @entity1066 . CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity1534 -positive duodenal @entity1066 , a 7-day triple therapy alone is sufficient to control the disease.

title: Is a one-week course of triple anti- @entity1534 XXXX therapy sufficient to control active duodenal @entity1066 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer-related symptoms', 'ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['pylori']


abstract: @entity6 is an independent risk factor for @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and current opinion holds that @entity4854 directly damages smaller blood vessels, resulting in microvascular complications of @entity8 , @entity989 , and @entity16 . In a @entity1 with @entity6 , @entity101 compounds and greatly increases the risk of microvascular complications, and thus the risk of @entity454 , @entity1018 , and nontraumatic limb amputations. @entity101 and @entity4854 directly damage the microvasculature, leading to small vessel dysfunction that manifests as the clinical disease states of @entity6 and @entity8 . Early recognition and treatment of both @entity4854 and @entity101 may prevent @entity740 , the devastating outcomes of these microvascular complications. One of the pathogenic mechanisms for @entity409 is upregulation of the @entity7743 , the most physiologically common receptor for the vasoconstrictor properties of @entity2178 . In @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity8 , tight control of blood pressure (BP) (< 130/80 mm Hg) delays the progression of @entity989 and @entity8 in addition to reducing @entity65 and mortality. Aggressive treatment with 2 or more antihypertensive agents, selected from different drug classes, is often needed to reach the optimal BP target level. A PubMed search was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials that evaluated @entity101 control and microvascular outcomes in @entity1 with @entity6 . Several clinical trials have yielded promising data with @entity916 -angiotensin- @entity1369 system (RAAS) inhibitors (the direct @entity916 inhibitor aliskiren, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers). Attainment of BP control with RAAS inhibitors reduces the risk for @entity65 , @entity8 , and @entity989 . In addition, RAAS inhibitors have demonstrated renoprotective effectiveness independent of the BP reduction achieved. This review will examine the results of clinical trials in the context of BP control, @entity6 , and the microvascular complications of @entity989 and @entity8 .

title: Improving microvascular outcomes in XXXX with @entity6 through management of @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy', 'Diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss and chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity7743 :: ('185', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 receptor']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage kidney disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The success of surgical treatment of @entity923 depends largely on correct diagnosis. Nerve conduction studies are usually recommended, especially in cases where history and clinical signs are not very clear. The aim of this study is to show whether nerve conduction studies are helpful in confirming the diagnosis. Fifty-two cases of @entity923 (39 @entity1 , 13 male, 26 female, mean age 54 years) were included in the study. Prior to surgery, all @entity1 underwent standardized nerve conduction studies. One @entity1 who developed @entity6865 was excluded. In 33 cases the history was typical for @entity923 (Phalen 1966). The surgical result was classified excellent in 67% and good in 33%. Nerve conduction studies had failed to confirm the diagnosis in five cases, although duration as well as severity of symptoms did not differ from the other cases. In 18 cases the @entity1 ' history was considered atypical. Nerve conduction studies indicated @entity923 in 89%. The result of median nerve decompression was satisfactory in 78% (excellent in 45% and good in 33%) and unsatisfactory in 22% of the cases. Notably @entity1 with unsatisfactory results had positive nerve conduction studies. The Phalen and Hoffmann-Tinel testing produced no false-positive results in these cases. General analysis showed that age, severity and duration of symptoms did not significantly influence the result. However, @entity1 with atypical symptoms had a higher incidence of radiological evidence of cervical @entity1691 (50 versus 30% in @entity1 with typical symptoms). The results of our nerve conduction studies indicated a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 92%, comparable favourably with other reports. We conclude that in @entity1 with classical symptoms nerve conduction studies are not absolutely necessary. However, when symptoms are atypical the diagnosis cannot be based on nerve conduction studies alone. The false-positive results delivered by the nerve conduction studies may be explained with the "double crush" theory, since cervical @entity1691 prevailed in @entity1 with atypical symptoms.

title: [Value of neurophysiological studies in diagnostic verification of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel decompression', 'carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['spondyloarthritis']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']


abstract: The Young's modulus, bending strength, apparent density, and ash content of 155 @entity1 compact bone bending specimens were determined. Both Young's modulus (E) and bending strength (S) were strongly correlated to tissue dry apparent density ( @entity3547 ). Based upon the correlation coefficient (R) and the percent deviation of the data from the regression curve (% dev.), these correlations were best described by power law relationships: E infinity @entity3547 1.54 (R2 = 0.79, % dev. = 2.4) and S infinity @entity3547 2.18 (R2 = 0.80, % dev. = 6.4). Bending strength was related to Young's modulus raised to the 1.26 power, implying a nonlinear relationship for these variables. We found a weak correlation between ash content and the mechanical behavior of the compact bone specimens, particularly Young's modulus, but could not statistically justify formulation of a more complex multivariate power model incorporating both density and ash content. Regional variations in strength and stiffness along the femoral shaft and within the cortex were also noted and were attributed primarily to differences in apparent density. The relationships formulated for the mechanical behavior of @entity1 compact bone are discussed in terms of the results of previous investigations of the mechanical behavior of nonhuman compact bone and @entity1 cancellous bone.

title: Young's modulus, bending strength, and tissue physical properties of XXXX compact bone.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Tick-borne virus transmission was examined using @entity840 and hamsters previously infested with ticks. @entity840 developed immunity to Rhipicephalus appendiculatus after a single exposure to the ticks. Nymphal and adult stages that fed on resistant @entity840 had increased mortality during feeding, and reduced engorged weights. Egg production from female ticks fed on resistant hosts fell by at least 50%. @entity840 maintained high levels of immunity to @entity277 for at least 210 days after the initial exposure. In contrast, hamsters did not develop resistance to ticks even after three or four @entity277 . R. appendiculatus adults infected with Thogoto (THO) virus (donors) were allowed to co-feed with uninfected nymphs (recipients) on either resistant or naive @entity840 . The number of recipient ticks that acquired virus was significantly reduced on resistant @entity840 . In contrast, feeding on pre-infested hamsters did not affect tick-borne transmission of THO virus. Host resistance to @entity277 , if prevalent in nature, may severely limit the spread of tick-borne viruses. Such an effect could result directly from a reduction in the number of ticks that acquire virus, or indirectly from poor egg production (in the case of viruses maintained in ticks by vertical transmission) and reduced survival of ticks fed on resistant hosts.

title: The effect of host resistance to XXXX on the transmission of Thogoto virus by ticks.

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['Guinea-pigs', 'guinea-pigs']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['tick infestation', 'infestations']

answer: @entity277 :: (MESH:D013984,Disease) :: ['tick infestation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 worsens prognosis in @entity1 with @entity259 . The extent of resection is controversial. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of @entity1 with @entity259 and invasion of the larynx or @entity825 between 1964 and 2005. RESULTS: Eighty-two @entity1 , mean age 64 years and 50% female, underwent segmental airway resection. @entity189 was present in 76% (62 of 82 @entity1 ), prior tracheal "shave" procedures in 40% (33 of 82 @entity1 ), transmural invasion in 58% (48 of 82 @entity1 ), and preoperative @entity3746 in 35% (29 of 82 @entity1 ). There were 29 tracheal and 40 laryngotracheal resections (reconstruction group: 69 @entity1 ); 5 underwent laryngectomy, 7 cervical exenteration, and 1 tracheal resection after exenteration (salvage group: 13 @entity1 ). Operative mortality was 1.2% (1 of 82 @entity1 ) and anastomotic dehiscence 4.3% (3 of 69 @entity1 ). Tracheostomy was permanent in 4.3% (3 of 69 @entity1 ). Mean follow-up was 6.1 years. After reconstruction, mean survival was 9.4 years and 10-year survival was 40%; after salvage, these were 5.6 years and 15%, respectively. In differentiated @entity189 , thyroidectomy, immediate shave procedure, and delayed (mean, 67 months) resection of airway recurrence in 15 @entity1 resulted in overall and disease-free survival of 13.1 and 5.1 years, respectively, compared with 17.9 and 14.6 years, respectively, after thyroidectomy and early airway resection in 11 @entity1 . Airway symptoms, @entity3 at presentation, recurrent disease, and salvage operation were associated with decreased survival; airway resection early after thyroidectomy, complete resection, and well-differentiated @entity5 were associated with improved prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Segmental airway resection for invasive @entity259 is safe, preserves the voice, and relieves @entity1224 . Complete resection of laryngeal and tracheal invasion during or early after thyroidectomy is associated with improved survival.

title: Segmental laryngotracheal and tracheal resection for invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Differentiated carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'Laryngotracheal invasion']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['vocal cord paralysis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer', 'thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: Many studies have reported elevated serum concentrations of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in @entity1 with @entity5 and claimed that the measurement of circulating @entity7 is a surrogate marker of angiogenesis and/or @entity3 . To determine the value of @entity7 measurement in the diagnosis and prognosis of @entity0 , we measured levels in @entity1 with and without @entity0 . Platelet-depleted plasma @entity7 levels were measured in premenopausal @entity1 at four-day intervals across the menstrual cycle, postmenopausal @entity1 and postmenopausal @entity1 who had undergone hysterectomy. Platelet-depleted plasma @entity7 was also measured in pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and levels compared with intratumoral levels, clinicopathological prognostic parameters and microvessel density. Levels of @entity7 were determined using ELISA and immuno-histochemistry. Microvessel density was determined by immunohistochemical @entity2280 staining. Plasma @entity7 in premenopausal @entity1 remained stable across the menstrual cycle except for a peak between days 8 and 12. @entity7 levels in postmenopausal @entity1 were higher than in premenopausal @entity1 unless postmenopausal @entity1 had undergone hysterectomy. Amongst premenopausal @entity1 , levels of @entity7 were high in 22 @entity0 @entity1 when compared to normal premenopausal controls. No correlation was found between plasma and intratumoral @entity7 , clinicopathological prognostic parameters or @entity5 microvessel density. The origin of circulating @entity7 differs between pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 . Its measurement is unlikely to provide clinically useful diagnostic and prognostic information in @entity1 with early and @entity0 .

title: Serum @entity7 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['early breast cancer', 'EBC', 'breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intraoperative nerve lesions can lead to chronic @entity282 . There are conflicting data as to whether or not anaesthetics administered intraoperatively are beneficial. We investigated if @entity1937 administered at the time of @entity128 was able to attenuate @entity56 . METHODS: @entity35 were anaesthetized with @entity5161 , endotracheally intubated, and a tail vein catheter was inserted. @entity35 received an i.v. infusion of either saline or low- or high-dose @entity1937 (2 or 20  g kg(-1) min(-1), respectively) for 20 min. During this time, @entity35 received a spinal nerve L5 transection to induce @entity9 or a sham procedure. Behavioural tests to assess mechanical and cold @entity1931 and @entity1931 were performed on postoperative days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. RESULTS: Sham-operated animals exhibited no hypersensitivity regardless of the intraoperative @entity1937 dose. In @entity35 which received spinal nerve L5 transection, mechanical and cold @entity1931 developed with no significant differences between treatment groups. However, thermal @entity1931 was reduced in @entity35 given high-dose @entity1937 : mean (standard deviation) area under the curve 426 (53) compared with 363 (34) and 342 (24) in saline or low-dose @entity1937 treated @entity35 , respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: High-dose @entity1937 administered at the time of transection of the spinal nerve at L5 prevents subsequent thermal @entity1931 .

title: High-dose @entity1937 prevents development of thermal XXXX in a @entity9 model.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia', 'hyperalgesia', 'heat hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['hyperalgesia']


abstract: Mechanisms underlying @entity3361 are still poorly understood. The aim of the study was to assess the hypothesis that fluctuations in the development of @entity3361 might reflect inputs from the adjacent esophageal system. We enrolled @entity1 admitted to the coronary care unit for episodes of @entity951 . Seven @entity1 with @entity5968 and five with @entity453 ( @entity453 ) had concurrent ECG and esophageal manometric monitoring. ECG monitoring documented 28 episodes of ST elevation in @entity5968 @entity1 and 16 episodes of @entity308 in @entity453 @entity1 . Manometric analysis showed that @entity9237 resulted remarkably more frequently in @entity5968 @entity1 (143 total @entity2473 ; individual range 9-31) than in @entity453 @entity1 (20 total @entity2473 ; individual range 0-9; P < 0.01). Time series analysis was used to assess fluctuations in the occurrence of abnormal esophageal waves and its relationship with spontaneous episodes of ST shift. Episodes of @entity9237 in @entity453 were sporadic (<1 in 30 min) and not related to ECG-recorded @entity63 . In the @entity5968 group, @entity9237 were time related to @entity63 (>1 into 5 min before ECG-recorded @entity63 ) (P < 0.05). A bidirectional analysis of causal effects showed that the influence processes between esophageal and @entity3361 were mutual and reciprocal (transfer function model, P < 0.05) in @entity5968 . We concluded that in @entity5968 @entity1 , episodes of @entity9237 and @entity741 influenced each other. Mechanisms that cause @entity9237 can feed back to produce @entity3361 . @entity3361 may feed forward to produce additional episodes of @entity9237 .

title: XXXX reflects inputs from adjacent esophageal system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5968 :: ('MESH:D000788', 'Disease') :: ['variant angina']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST depression']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity9237 :: ('MESH:D015155', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal spasms', 'esophageal spasm']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['coronary spasms', 'Coronary spasm', 'coronary spasm']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal angina']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity3361 :: (MESH:D003329,Disease) :: ['Coronary spasm']


abstract: Results of medical treatment with @entity28696 are evaluated in 29 @entity1 with minimal (10), mild (9) and moderate (7) @entity46 . After a diagnostic laparoscopy, @entity1 started @entity28696 2.5 mg/day 2 times a week per 6 months. Clinical evaluations and blood samples were performed at the end of the ist, 3rd and 6th month of treatment. A second look laparoscopy, in 26 out of the 29 @entity1 , was performed within a month after discontinuation of the drug. Nineteen @entity1 (73.1%) showed a diminishing in @entity46 score. Moreover, 2 of them presented with a normal pelvis at the time of the 2nd laparoscopy. Overall post treatment scores were significantly lower than pre treatment scores (6.1 +/- 6.9 versus 11.3 +/- 10.2 respectively, p < 0.025). Nineteen out of the 26 @entity1 had @entity2588 , most of them (18) since the second month of treatment. Nineteen @entity1 presented with @entity1834 at the beginning of the treatment and in 13 of them it disappeared during the first 3 months of the drug. Reversible elevation in serum transaminases was observed in 4 @entity1 . Red blood cells count and platelet concentration increased at the end of the treatment. A clear pituitary suppression to basal levels was seen. No significant changes on @entity342 levels were appreciated. Seven @entity1 achieved a spontaneous pregnancy, out of 22 that desired fertility (31.8%), all of them were clinical pregnancies.

title: [The @entity28696 ( XXXX ) treatment of @entity46 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity28696 :: ('MESH:D005867', 'Chemical') :: ['gestrinone']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity28696 :: (MESH:D005867,Chemical) :: ['R-2323']


abstract: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality. @entity309 @entity1 should be started with DMARD represented by @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) as early as possible. However, even use of @entity1500 often fails to control disease activity and to prevent structural damage and, thereby, more effective treatment strategies are needed. Since @entity310 and @entity650 play a pivotal role in the pathological processes of @entity309 , biologics targeting these cytokines with @entity1500 , have revolutionized the treatment of @entity309 , producing significant improvement in clinical, radiographic and functional outcomes not seen previously. However, even with these drugs the frequency and degree of responses are restricted. Therefore, new agents targeting cell surface molecules which are involved in cellular interaction and/or signaling on immune cells have been emerging, in order to increase response rates and to achieve high frequencies of remission or even cure. Two biologics abatacept, a @entity4386 -Ig fusion protein, and rituximab, an anti- @entity2225 antibody, were launched in US and EU for the treatment of @entity309 and many biologics are under the clinical trials from the similar concept. Thus, certain biologics have brought about paradigm shift in the treatment of @entity627 , but an economical issue remains unsolved. In order to overcome the concern, low molecular weight chemical products have been rethought. Not a few agents targeting intracellular activation signaling in immune cells such as Jak and @entity10255 are under clinical examinations and some of them appear to show wonderful results, which are comparable to biologics in the context of the treatment of @entity627 . The prospects are here.

title: [Recent progress in clinical trials for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['rheumatic diseases']


abstract: @entity3013 ( @entity3013 ) is a fermentable fiber that decreases dietary energy density and results in fermentation in the lower gut. The current studies examined the effect of @entity3013 on body fat loss in @entity19 . In a 12 week study (study 1), the effect of two different types of @entity3013 on body fat was compared with two control diets (0% @entity3013 ) in C57Bl/6J @entity19 : regular control diet or the control diet that had energy density equal to that of the @entity3013 diet (EC). All testing diets had 7% (w/w) dietary fat. In a 16 week study (study 2), the effect of @entity3013 on body fat was compared with EC in C57BL/6J @entity19 and two @entity28 @entity19 models (NONcNZO10/LtJ or Non/ShiLtJ). All @entity19 were fed control (0% @entity3013 ) or 30% @entity3013 diet for 6 weeks with 7% dietary fat. On the seventh week, the dietary fat was increased to 11% for half of the @entity19 and remained the same for the rest. Body weight, body fat, energy intake, energy expenditure, and oral @entity413 tolerance were measured during the study. At the end of the studies, the pH of cecal contents was measured as an indicator of @entity3013 fermentation. Compared with EC, dietary @entity3013 decreased body fat and improved @entity413 tolerance in C57BL/6J @entity19 but not in @entity28 @entity19 . For other metabolic characteristics measured, the alterations by @entity3013 diet were similar for all three types of @entity19 . The difference in dietary fat did not interfere with these results. The pH of cecal contents in @entity3013 fed @entity19 was decreased for C57BL/6J @entity19 but not for @entity28 @entity19 , implying the impaired @entity3013 fermentation in @entity28 @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: (1) decreased body fat by @entity3013 is not simply due to dietary energy dilution in C57Bl/6J @entity19 , and (2) along with their inability to ferment @entity3013 , @entity3013 fed @entity28 @entity19 did not lose body fat. Thus, @entity694 might play an important role in the effect of @entity3013 on fat loss.

title: Failure to ferment dietary resistant starch in specific @entity19 models of XXXX results in no body fat loss.

entities_list: @entity3013 :: ('MESH:D060467', 'Disease') :: ['RS', 'Resistant starch']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic fermentation of RS']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Local control is vital for long-term survival for @entity1 with @entity5 , and although cure is difficult, ultimate success in @entity5 will necessitate control of the @entity5 as well as effective therapy of the @entity3 . The proper timing of surgical resection of the @entity5 is uncertain. @entity1 with stage III and IV @entity521 treated from 1977 to 1988 were retrospectively reviewed as to whether the resection was performed before or after chemotherapy. Complications assessed include significant @entity190 , damage to adjacent organs, and delays before postsurgical chemotherapy could be given. Sixty @entity1 were treated primarily at the authors' institution: 18 with stage III and 42 with stage IV disease. Chemotherapy consisted of combinations of @entity1568 mustard, @entity632 , @entity2699 ( @entity2699 ), @entity900 , @entity1891 , and @entity786 (MADDOC). Nine @entity1 with @entity5 underwent initial resection of the @entity5 before receiving chemotherapy. Three had complications, all with excessive @entity190 (0.57, 2.0, and 3.0 times the estimated total blood volume [TBV]). One @entity1 had @entity1188 , and another had regrowth of the @entity5 before chemotherapy could be administered 35 days after surgery. There were no complications in the eight secondary explorations, four of which were complete resections. All had viable @entity5 in the resected specimen. Eleven of the 42 stage IV @entity1 had primary resections, 5 of whom had complications: @entity292 , unilateral @entity5720 , chylothorax, and excessive @entity190 (1.3 and 2 TBV). None of the 18 @entity1 with delayed resection after 3 to 12 courses of chemotherapy had surgical complications with complete (14 @entity1 ), near complete (2 @entity1 ), or subtotal resections (2 @entity1 ).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Surgical management of stage III and IV XXXX : resection before or after chemotherapy?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine', 'DTIC']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage IV neuroblastoma', 'tumor', 'stage III neuroblastoma', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity5720 :: ('MESH:D007681', 'Disease') :: ['renal necrosis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['renal infarction']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['colocutaneous fistula']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14536 (h @entity6688 ), a recently identified virus, causes @entity1576 in @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: A real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed and used to detect and quantify h @entity6688 in respiratory specimens. STUDY DESIGN: The quantitative RT-PCR assay amplified an approximately 70 base pair fragment from the h @entity6688 fusion protein gene. The assay was validated and used to test respiratory specimens obtained from @entity1 seen at a hospital in Seattle, Washington, from December 2002 through May 2003. RESULTS: The assay detected 1000 h @entity6688 copies/mL of specimen, did not detect 19 other respiratory viruses, and was able to detect and accurately quantify isolates from the four known h @entity6688 genetic lineages in a proficiency panel of 20 previously tested samples. h @entity6688 was detected in 52 (7.2%) of 719 pediatric respiratory specimens. The mean log10 copies/mL of h @entity6688 in the 52 positive specimens was 7.67 (range=4.59-10.60). @entity1 aged 7-12 months had a significantly higher h @entity6688 prevalence (12.4%) than did @entity1 younger than 7 months (4.7%) (P<0.005). @entity1 in this age group also had significantly higher levels of h @entity6688 in their respiratory specimens (mean log 8.43 copies/mL) than did the younger @entity1 (mean log 6.93 copies/mL) (P=0.0025). CONCLUSIONS: The rapid real-time RT-PCR assay described here is a sensitive test for clarifying the epidemiology of and diseases associated with h @entity6688 .

title: Detection and quantification of XXXX in pediatric specimens by real-time RT-PCR.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity14536 :: ('162145', 'Species') :: ['Human metapneumovirus']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory illness']

answer: @entity14536 :: (162145,Species) :: ['human metapneumovirus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To increase awareness of adverse events associated with the use of implantable insulin pumps. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A descriptive case report of a pump @entity281 . RESULTS: This is a case report of one implanted insulin pump-pocket @entity281 among a series of 15 @entity1 . After exposure to a @entity1 with a @entity1729 on PID 30, V.L.C. (the @entity1 ) developed a fulminant pump-pocket @entity281 . H. @entity683 was recovered from it. Despite aggressive antibiotic therapy, the @entity281 could not be controlled. Insulin delivery ceased, and the pump was explanted. The pump-pocket @entity281 rapidly resolved with pump removal, permitting later reimplantation. CONCLUSIONS: We have adopted the American Heart Association indications and antimicrobial prophylaxis regimens recommended for prevention of @entity884 in @entity1 with prosthetic values for @entity1 with implanted insulin pumps.

title: Hemophilus influenza XXXX of an implantable insulin-pump pocket.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'implant infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']