abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the risk of esophagectomy in the elderly compared with younger @entity1 and to determine whether results of esophagectomy in the elderly have improved in recent years. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: An increased life expectancy has led to more elderly @entity1 presenting with @entity189 in recent years. Esophagectomy for @entity189 is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and advanced age is often considered a relative contraindication to esophagectomy despite advances in modern surgical practice. METHODS: The perioperative outcome and long-term survival of 167 elderly @entity1 (70 years or more) with esophagectomy for @entity189 were compared with findings in 570 younger @entity1 with esophagectomy in the period 1982 to 1996. Changes in perioperative outcome and survival between 1982 to 1989 and 1990 to 1996 were separately analyzed. RESULTS: The resection rate in the elderly was 48% (167/345), lower than the 65% (570/874) resection rate in younger @entity1 (p < 0.001). There were significantly more preoperative risk factors and postoperative medical complications in the elderly, but no significant differences were observed in surgical complications. The 30-day mortality rate was higher in the elderly (7.2%) than in younger @entity1 (3.0%) (p = 0.02), but the hospital mortality rate was not significantly different in the elderly (18.0%) and younger age groups (14.4%) (p = 0.27). The long-term survival after curative resection in elderly @entity1 was worse than younger @entity1 (p = 0.01). However, when @entity204 from unrelated medical conditions were excluded from analysis, survival was similar between the two age groups (p = 0.23). A comparison of data for the periods 1982 to 1989 and 1990 to 1996 revealed that the resection rate had increased from 44% to 54% in the elderly, with significantly fewer @entity260 and lower 30-day and hospital mortality rates. Long-term survival has also improved, although this has not reached a statistically significant level. CONCLUSIONS: With current surgical management, esophagectomy for @entity189 can be carried out with acceptable risk in the elderly, but intensive perioperative support is required. The improved results of esophagectomy in the elderly in recent years are attributed to increased experience and better perioperative management. Long-term survival was similar to that of younger @entity1 , excluding @entity204 caused by unrelated medical conditions.

title: Esophagectomy for XXXX in the elderly: results of current surgical management.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the esophagus']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the esophagus']


abstract: PURPOSE: Proximal junctional @entity1513 (PJK) is a common radiographic finding following long spinal fusions. Whether PJK leads to negative clinical outcome is currently debatable. A systematic review was performed to assess the prevalence, risk factors, and treatments of PJK. METHODS: Literature search was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials using the terms 'proximal junctional @entity1513 ' and 'proximal junctional failure'. Excluding reviews, commentaries, and case reports, we analyzed 33 studies that reported the prevalence rate, risk factors, and discussions on PJK following @entity85 surgery. RESULTS: The prevalence rates varied widely from 6 to 61.7%. Numerous studies reported that clinical outcomes for @entity1 with PJK were not significantly different from those without, except in one recent study in which adult @entity1 with PJK experienced more @entity158 . Risk factors for PJK included age at operation, low bone mineral density, shorter fusion constructs, upper instrumented vertebrae below L2, and inadequate restoration of global sagittal balance. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of PJK following long spinal fusion for adult @entity85 was high but not clinically significant. Careful and detailed preoperative planning and surgical execution may reduce PJK in adult @entity85 @entity1 .

title: Proximal junctional XXXX following adult @entity85 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

answer: @entity1513 :: (MESH:D007738,Disease) :: ['kyphosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify clinical predictors of @entity5 and surgical strategies for pancreatic solid @entity5 (SPN) by analysis of surgical outcomes at a single institution. METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent surgery for SPN between 1995 and 2010 were identified. Histopathology slides of all @entity1 were reviewed by a specialized pathologist and the @entity5 were classified according to the criteria of the World Health Organization 2010. RESULTS: Of the 106 @entity1 identified, 85 (80  2 per cent) were female, and the median age was 36 (range 10-65) years. Median @entity5 size was 4  5 (range 1  0-15  0) cm. Some 17 @entity1 (16  0 per cent) were classified as having a high-grade malignant SPN. @entity5 size of at least 5   cm was associated with high-grade malignant potential (P   =   0  022). Although lymph nodes were removed from 40 @entity1 (37  7 per cent), there were no nodal metastases. A total of five @entity1 underwent en bloc resection of adjacent structures, including two with portal vein involvement. After a median follow-up of 56  9   months, two @entity1 with high-grade malignant SPN had evidence of @entity5 recurrence in the lymph nodes and liver. CONCLUSION: SPN with a diameter of 5   cm or more is associated with a high-grade malignant phenotype. Complete surgical removal is associated with low recurrence rates.

title: Surgical treatment of solid XXXX of the pancreas and risk factors for @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'Tumour', 'pseudopapillary neoplasm', 'malignancy', 'tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['pseudopapillary neoplasms']


abstract: @entity11572 ( @entity3971 and @entity607 ) are @entity535 metabolites produced by intestinal bacteria. Some reports have demonstrated that the accumulation of @entity11572 in the serum has toxic effects in @entity177 @entity1 . In this study, we found that @entity11572 accumulated in the serum of @entity35 given a @entity669 diet, and that dietary intake of a galacto-oligosaccharide mixture (GOS) suppressed the accumulation of @entity11572 in serum. Rats were fed a basal diet, @entity669 diet (basal diet with 2.5% @entity669 ) or GOS diet ( @entity669 diet with 5% GOS) for 2 wk. The concentrations of @entity11572 in the feces, cecal contents, serum and urine were determined. Concentrations of @entity11572 in the serum, cecal contents and feces from @entity35 fed the @entity669 diet were significantly higher than those in @entity35 fed the basal diet. The concentrations of @entity11572 in feces, cecal contents and serum, and urinary excretion in the GOS diet group were significantly lower than those in the @entity669 diet group. The pH of cecal contents was decreased by GOS intake. Furthermore, the serum concentrations of @entity11572 were closely correlated with cecal concentrations. This finding suggested that concentrations of @entity11572 in the serum reflected @entity3971 production in the cecum contents. These results showed that dietary intake of GOS could modify the intestinal environment, and suppress the production of @entity11572 in the intestinal tract and the accumulation of @entity11572 in the serum. Thus, GOS may help improve the quality of life (QOL) of @entity1 with @entity177 .

title: Dietary galacto-oligosaccharides mixture can suppress serum XXXX and @entity607 levels in @entity35 fed @entity669 diet.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity11572 :: ('MESH:D010636', 'Chemical') :: ['phenols', 'Phenols']

answer: @entity3971 :: (MESH:D019800,Chemical) :: ['phenol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cofactors contribute to the elicitation of @entity2021 . b-Blockers and @entity14206 ( @entity14206 ) inhibitors are widely used cardiovascular drugs. We specially designed a @entity19 model to further analyze the cofactor potential of these drugs. OBJECTIVE: We sought to test the hypothesis that b-blockers and @entity14206 inhibitors alter the risk for severe @entity2021 and to pinpoint the associated mechanism. METHODS: The risk factor potency of cardiovascular drugs on the severity of @entity2021 in @entity1 from German-speaking countries was analyzed. In  vivo interaction of the cardiovascular drugs @entity1406 (b-blocker) and @entity3372 ( @entity14206 inhibitor) with the anaphylactic response was determined. Mast cell (MC) mediators ( @entity112 , @entity750 , leukotriene C4, prostaglandin D2, and @entity19 @entity8929 ) were quantified in serum. Bone marrow-derived cultured MCs served to identify whether the therapeutics targeted MCs directly. RESULTS: Our @entity2021 database indicated a higher risk of severe @entity2021 after monotherapy with b-blockers or @entity14206 inhibitors, which was more pronounced when both drugs were combined. This was confirmed in our @entity19 model. While single  therapeutics had either no significant ( @entity3372 ) or a modestly aggravating ( @entity1406 ) effect, their combined administration exacerbated anaphylactic symptoms potently and simultaneously enhanced MC mediators, hinting at MCs as direct targets. In fact, @entity14899 -mediated MC @entity112 release was synergistically increased by @entity1406 / @entity3372 or @entity1406 / @entity1812 (the latter increased after @entity14206 inhibitor intake), whereas the substances had no significant effect on their own. MC priming was particularly pronounced when @entity14899 aggregation was in the suboptimal range, reflecting common clinical settings. CONCLUSION: b-Blockers and @entity14206 inhibitors synergistically aggravate @entity2021 at least partly by decreasing the threshold of MC activation.

title: @entity3372 and @entity1406 intake aggravate @entity1 and XXXX @entity2021 : Evidence for direct mast cell priming.

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['ramipril']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity14206 :: ('11421(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: We examined the acute effects of postprandial aerobic exercise on @entity413 and lipid metabolism following cookie ingestion. Fifteen healthy young @entity1 with a sedentary lifestyle, normal weight and apolipoprotein E3/3 participated. After a 12-h overnight fast, each subject ingested a cookie (1.53 g/kg, Meal Test C) and then performed two trials, one with postprandial exercise (E trial) and one without exercise (C trial), in a randomized crossover design. A single 30-min bout of walking exercise was performed 20 min after the cookie intake. Venous blood samples were drawn before (0 h) and 20 min and 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after cookie ingestion. The   @entity413 concentration was not significantly different between the two trials, but the   insulin concentration at 1 h and the incremental area under the curve (IAUC) (0-2 h)-insulin in the E trial were significantly lower than in the C trial. The ratio of @entity413 /insulin at 1 h was significantly higher in the E trial than in the C trial. The   TG,   RLP-TG,   @entity755 and   RemL-C concentrations at 1 h in the E trial were significantly higher than in the C trial. The IAUC (0-2 h)- @entity755 in the E trial was significantly larger than in the C trial. Postprandial exercise showed an insulin-sparing effect following the cookie ingestion by @entity1720 . However, postprandial exercise transiently stimulated the secretion of exogenous @entity755 -containing lipoprotein during the early period, and no further effects were observed. These results suggest that postprandial aerobic exercise is effective for the promotion of postprandial @entity1735 metabolism, but not @entity407 .

title: Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Postprandial @entity1735 and Lipoprotein Metabolism Following Cookie Ingestion in Healthy Young XXXX .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['lipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['increasing insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: Macro- @entity908 -kinases are isoenzymes of @entity1011 -kinases (CK). They have been classified in two types: type 1 (CK bound to an immunoglobulin) and type 2 (an oligomeric mitochondrial CK). CK type 1 has been found in @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ) but not in @entity30 ( @entity30 ). However, there are no studies evaluating macro-creatinkinase prevalence in @entity29 ( @entity29 ). We included 159 consecutive @entity1 (72 @entity31 , 85 @entity30 ; 2 indeterminate @entity1960 ). Creatin-kinase total activity and isoenzymes activities were determined. Twelve (16.7%) @entity1 with @entity31 and one of the two @entity1 with indeterminate @entity1960 had serum macro-creatinkinase type 1 while no @entity30 @entity1 displayed this macromolecule (P < 0,001). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and positive and negative likelihood ratio were calculated for @entity31 versus @entity30 diagnosis, being 16.7, 98.9, 92.3, 59, 14.5, and 0.84% respectively. There was no correlation with age, gender, time from diagnosis, @entity66 , concomitant medication or disease activity. In conclusion our data suggests that the presence of macro-CK in @entity29 favors the diagnosis of @entity31 . Further studies are necessary to understand the significance of this finding in a subset of @entity1 with @entity29 .

title: Prevalence of macrocreatinkinase type 1 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['associated diseases']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The aim was to evaluate the prognostic significance of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) and surgical type on local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) in the Egyptian population. @entity1 AND METHODS: We evaluated 111 @entity1 with stage I-III @entity0 diagnosed at our institute during the period from 2004 to 2009. @entity1 were stratified according to PORT into two groups: a PORT group and a non-PORT group. The influence of PORT and surgical type on LRFS and @entity1349 were evaluated. A cross-matching was done to the non- @entity0 group of @entity1 to compare the recurrence and survival rates between them and the studied group of @entity0 @entity1 . RESULTS: The mean age of @entity0 @entity1 at diagnosis was 63  7 years. The majority of the @entity1 had @entity5 (68.5%) and 73% had clinical or pathological positive lymph nodes. Sixty percent (67/111) of @entity1 had modified radical mastectomy and 44/111 (40%) @entity1 had breast-conserving treatment. PORT was given for 63% of @entity1 , while systemic treatment was given in 89% of @entity1 . At the time of analysis, 13 @entity1 (11%) developed local recurrence: five of 70 (7%) in the PORT group and eight of 41 (19.5%) in the non-PORT group. Five-year LRFS for the whole group of @entity1 was 88%  6%, which was significantly affected by PORT. The surgical type did not affect local recurrence significantly. Five-year @entity1349 for the whole group was 54%  8%. PORT and surgical type did not affect @entity1349 significantly (P-value 0.09 and 0.11, respectively). Five-year LRFS was 88%  6% and 90%  11% for @entity0 and non- @entity0 @entity1 , respectively (P-value 0.8); however, @entity1349 for @entity0 was significantly lower than for non- @entity0 (P-value 0.04). CONCLUSION: @entity0 is an aggressive entity compared with other non- @entity0 , and these @entity1 benefit from PORT significantly to decrease the risk of local recurrence in all stages. However, further large, prospective, randomized trials are warranted.

title: Locoregional recurrence of XXXX : effect of type of surgery and adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III disease']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['triple-negative breast cancer', 'TNBC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['triple-negative breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify poor prognostic factors of low-risk stage @entity3846 cervical @entity420 METHODS: . All @entity1 diagnosed with stage @entity3846 cervical @entity420 between 1982 and 2002 were identified at our three institutions. Data were extracted from medical records. @entity1 were retrospectively assigned to a low- or intermediate/high-risk cohort based on the surgical-pathologic eligibility criteria of two randomized controlled trials of adjuvant therapy in early @entity5 , Gynecologic Oncology Group protocols 92 and 109. Multivariate analysis was performed. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty @entity1 diagnosed with stage @entity3846 cervical @entity420 had an overall 5-year survival of 89%. Adenosquamous cell type (P < 0.01) was the only independent risk factor of disease recurrence in the low-risk group (n = 178). The 5-year disease-free survival for low-risk adenosquamous @entity1 was 79%, compared to 96% for other histologic subtypes (P < 0.01). Low-risk case subjects developed fewer disease recurrences than those in the intermediate/high-risk (n = 52) category (7% vs 46%; P < 0.01). The 5-year disease-free survival for intermediate/high-risk @entity1 was 51% and no additional risk factors were identified. CONCLUSION: Adenosquamous histology is predictive of disease recurrence and decreased survival in low-risk stage @entity3846 cervical @entity420 . This risk factor should be considered in future clinical trials of adjuvant therapy.

title: Adenosquamous histology predicts poor outcome in low-risk stage @entity3846 cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage cervical cancer']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether, for a given body mass index (BMI), @entity1 and @entity1 with high @entity410 (HIGH @entity6192 ) have lower waist circumference (WC), sum of trunk skinfolds (SUM2) and sum of five skinfolds (SUM5), by comparison to those with LOW @entity6192 . DESIGN: Observational cohort study. SETTING: 1981 @entity410 ( @entity410 ). @entity1 : A total of 3719 @entity1 and 3854 @entity1 20-59 y of age from the 1981 @entity410 for whom anthropometric and physical fitness measures were available. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: BMI, waist circumference, skinfolds, @entity410 . RESULTS: For a given BMI, @entity1 and @entity1 in the HIGH @entity6192 group had lower WC, SUM2 and SUM5 by comparison to those with LOW @entity6192 (P<0.001). A significant main effect for @entity6192 group remained for SUM2 in both @entity1 (P=0.0001) and @entity1 (P=0.007), after statistical control for the effects of extremity fat. In @entity1 , but not @entity1 , there were significant interaction effects for WC (P=0.0023) and SUM5 (P=0.01), indicating that the difference between the LOW @entity6192 and HIGH @entity6192 groups increased with increasing BMI. CONCLUSIONS: HIGH @entity6192 is associated with lower levels of total and @entity1144 for a given BMI by comparison to those with LOW @entity6192 , independent of gender. This finding suggests a mechanism by which exercise attenuates the health risks attributed to @entity28 as measured by BMI. It is suggested that the routine measurement of WC and @entity6192 would substantially improve the ability to identify those at health risk.

title: @entity410 is associated with diminished total and XXXX independent of body mass index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['CFS', 'cardiorespiratory fitness', 'Canada Fitness Survey']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

answer: @entity1144 :: (MESH:D056128,Disease) :: ['abdominal obesity']


abstract: We report a case of severe @entity1578 caused by @entity136 ( @entity14113 ) monotherapy after pancreaticoduodenectomy for advanced @entity788 . A 73-year-old @entity1 received @entity14113 as an adjuvant chemotherapy. She suffered from progressive @entity4 , @entity1295 , and @entity1087 after the third @entity14113 administration. Severe @entity409 and elevation of @entity648 was observed. A computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging showed diffuse liver swelling suggesting severe @entity99 with fat accumulation. Needle biopsy of the liver revealed remarkable @entity1448 and fat deposition with mild damage of hepatocytes. @entity99 was suspected. @entity14113 -stimulated lymphocyte test was negative, but antinuclear antibody was elevated with a marked inflammatory response. She improved to an almost normal condition by @entity479 and liver protective therapies within a week. Although the frequency of @entity1578 induced by @entity14113 monotherapy is very rare, it could be fatal. It is important to distinguish it from other causes of @entity409 following pancreaticoduodenectomy. Early detection and appropriate drug therapy can improve the prognosis.

title: Severe XXXX associated with @entity136 adjuvant monotherapy for @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure', 'liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Drug-induced liver failure', 'hepatic edema']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine hydrochloride']

answer: @entity1578 :: (MESH:D017093,Disease) :: ['cholestatic liver failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sociobehavioral factors influence adherence to @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ) in adults with @entity565 and warrant exploration as explanations of apparent racial disparities in adherence. OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to identify barriers to adherence, potentially modifiable by healthcare providers, in a group of African Americans and non-African Americans and to test modifiable barriers as explanations of racial-ethnic differences in adherence. METHODS: We conducted a cohort study of 85 adults (mean age, 47 +/- 15 years; 61 [72%] female; 55 [65%] African American) with moderate or severe persistent @entity565 to determine modifiable sociobehavioral predictors of adherence. These were knowledge of the function of @entity4185 , @entity1 -perceived adequacy of communication with the provider, social support, attitude (perception of risks/benefits of @entity4185 ), @entity308 , and self-efficacy. Adherence was calculated from electronic monitoring data as the mean of the number of doses recorded per 12 hours divided by the number prescribed, truncated at 100%. Past adherence, baseline severity of symptoms, and sociodemographics were treated as fixed confounders in ordinal logistic modeling. RESULTS: Adherence was 60% +/- 30%. In bivariate analyses, favorable attitude to @entity4185 (P =.01) was associated with better adherence. Of immutable predictors, African American race-ethnicity (P =.001), lower educational achievement (P =.01), lower household income (P =.002), and more baseline symptoms (P =.003) were associated with poorer adherence. In multivariable analysis, controlling for immutable predictors, favorable attitude was associated with adherence. Favorable attitude was associated with greater adherence in African Americans and non-African Americans. Controlling for immutable factors, the race-adherence relationship was not mediated by the mutable factors, but economic factors (income and insurance) were mediators. CONCLUSION: Attitude is strongly related to adherence but does not mediate the effect of race-ethnicity.

title: Modifiable barriers to adherence to inhaled steroids among adults with XXXX : it's not just black and white.

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['ICS', 'inhaled corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: @entity765 are uncommon @entity5 composed of fibrous tissue, which originate from aponeuroses. Little is known about their molecular pathogenesis and the reason that they recur. We report the case of a 20-year-old @entity1 with a recurrent @entity765 of the chest wall, focusing on our analysis of the apoptosis and its related molecular events. Immunohistochemical examination showed higher expression of antiapoptotic @entity588 , @entity1836 , survivin, and the transcription factor, NF-kappaB, in the recurrent @entity5 than in the adjoining normal tissue. Proapoptotic @entity589 was not detected in the @entity5 . Similar findings were obtained in the original primary @entity5 . Both @entity5 had a low apoptotic index according to the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 nick-end labeling assay. These changes occurred in the absence of cell proliferation, shown by the absence of both Ki-67 staining and increased telomerase activity. This derangement of apoptosis gives the aggressive @entity765 cells a proliferative advantage, and presumably, forms the basis of its high recurrence rate. Therefore, inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) may be useful for predicting recurrence. The regulation of apoptosis by antisense therapy against these inhibitors could prove beneficial for overcoming repeated recurrence, even after surgery.

title: Characterization of apoptosis-related molecular changes in a XXXX of the chest wall: report of a case.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['Desmoid tumors', 'desmoid tumor']

answer: @entity765 :: (MESH:D018222,Disease) :: ['desmoid tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes in corneal sensitivity after corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) with the epithelium off (epi-off) and with the epithelium on (epi-on) in eyes with @entity9042 . DESIGN: Prospective interventional case series. SETTING: Eye Clinic, A. Fiorini Hospital, Terracina (Latina), Rome, Italy. METHODS: On the basis of the corneal pachymetry at the area of topographic steepening, eyes treated with CXL were divided in 2 groups: those with a corneal thickness of 400  m or more (epi-off) and those with a corneal thickness of less than 400  m (epi-on). Corneal sensitivity was measured using a contact esthesiometer (Cochet-Bonnet) before treatment and 1 and 7 days and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after treatment. RESULTS: The study evaluated 50 CXL-treated eyes in 50 @entity1 (25 epi-on and 25 epi-off) from January 7, 2012, to December 15, 2012. In the epi-off group, corneal sensitivity was statistically significantly reduced for up to 3 months after CXL and gradually returned to normal levels. In the epi-on group, corneal sensitivity was statistically significantly reduced for up to 7 days but was not statistically significantly different from preoperative values at other measurement times. At 7 days, the corneal sensitivity was statistically significantly lower in the @entity2194 . CONCLUSIONS: Epi-off and epi-on CXL both caused @entity1183 , but corneal sensitivity subsequently recovered completely. The @entity1183 was more pronounced in eyes in which the epi-off technique was used, and the recovery time was shorter for eyes treated using epi-on CXL. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Recovery of corneal sensitivity after collagen crosslinking with and without epithelial debridement in eyes with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['epi-off eyes than in the epi-on eyes']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['hypoesthesia', 'corneal hypoesthesia']

answer: @entity9042 :: (MESH:D007640,Disease) :: ['keratoconus']


abstract: Residual feed intake (RFI) is a complex trait that is economically important for livestock production; however, the genetic and biological mechanisms regulating RFI are largely unknown in @entity1707 . Therefore, the study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), candidate genes and biological pathways involved in regulating RFI using Genome-wide association (GWA) and pathway analyses. A total of 596 Yorkshire boars with phenotypes for two different measures of RFI (RFI1 and 2) and 60k genotypic data was used. GWA analysis was performed using a univariate mixed model and 12 and 7 SNPs were found to be significantly associated with RFI1 and RFI2, respectively. Several genes such as @entity65155 ( @entity65155 ),tetratricopeptide repeat domain 29 ( @entity65156 ),suppressor of @entity413 , autophagy associated 1 ( @entity65157 ), @entity65158 ,G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 5 ( @entity65159 ),prospero-homeobox protein 1 ( @entity65160 ),GPCR 155 (GPR155), and FYVE domain containing the 26 ( @entity65161 ) were identified as putative candidates for RFI based on their genomic location in the vicinity of these SNPs. Genes located within 50 kbp of SNPs significantly associated with RFI and RFI2 (q-value  <= 0.2) were subsequently used for pathway analyses. These analyses were performed by assigning genes to biological pathways and then testing the association of individual pathways with RFI using a Fisher's exact test. Metabolic pathway was significantly associated with both RFIs. Other biological pathways regulating phagosome, tight junctions, olfactory transduction, and insulin secretion were significantly associated with both RFI traits when relaxed threshold for cut-off p-value was used (p  <= 0.05). These results implied porcine RFI is regulated by multiple biological mechanisms, although the metabolic processes might be the most important. Olfactory transduction pathway controlling the perception of feed via smell, insulin pathway controlling food intake might be important pathways for RFI. Furthermore, our study revealed key genes and genetic variants that control feed efficiency that could potentially be useful for genetic selection of more feed efficient @entity1707 .

title: Genome-wide association and pathway analysis of feed efficiency in XXXX reveal candidate genes and pathways for residual feed intake.

entities_list: @entity65155 :: ('397689(Tax:9823)', 'Gene') :: ['xin actin-binding repeat-containing protein 2', 'XIRP2']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: The Japanese guidelines for the testing of @entity984 mutations in @entity14 have been used for the past 5  years. However, new findings of RAS ( @entity984 / @entity8497 ) mutations that can further predict the therapeutic effects of @entity470 ( @entity470 ) antibody therapy necessitated a revision of the guidelines. The revised guidelines included the following five basic requirements for RAS mutation testing to highlight a @entity1 group in which anti- @entity470 antibody therapy may be ineffective: First, anti- @entity470 antibody therapy may not offer survival benefit and/or @entity5 shrinkage to @entity1 with expanded RAS mutations. Thus, current methods to detect @entity984 exon 2 (codons 12 and 13) mutations are insufficient for selecting appropriate candidates for this therapy. Additional testing of extended @entity984 / @entity8497 mutations is recommended. Second, repeated tests are not required for the detection; tissue materials of either primary or metastatic lesions are applicable for RAS mutation testing. Evaluating RAS mutations prior to anti- @entity470 antibody therapy is recommended. Third, direct sequencing with manual dissection or allele-specific PCR-based methods is currently applicable for RAS mutation testing. Fourth, thinly sliced sections of @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissue blocks are applicable for RAS mutation testing. One section stained with H_E should be provided to histologically determine whether the tissue contains sufficient amount of @entity5 cells for testing. Finally, RAS mutation testing must be performed in laboratories with appropriate testing procedures and specimen management practices.

title: Japanese Society of Medical Oncology Clinical Guidelines: RAS ( @entity984 / XXXX ) mutation testing in @entity14 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['anti-epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity8497 :: (4893,Gene) :: ['NRAS']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to review our results in @entity1 undergoing treatment with 4 percent @entity406 for radiation-induced @entity130 . METHODS: A retrospective review of office charts was performed, identifying all @entity1 undergoing @entity406 treatment. @entity1 gender, @entity5 , prior treatments, response to treatment with @entity406 , complications, and length of follow-up were reviewed. All @entity1 had flexible endoscopy to assess for proximal sources of @entity548 . The indication for treatment was a symptomatic @entity1 with endoscopic evidence of @entity1161 . A @entity2708 pledget was used for direct application of 4 percent @entity406 to the affected area via a rigid proctoscope or anoscope. The treatment was repeated if blanching did not occur or if @entity548 continued. @entity1 were followed up at three-week to four-week intervals and treatment was repeated based on the above indications. Treatments were continued until cessation of @entity548 occurred or, when treatment failed, operative treatment was required. RESULTS: Thirty-six @entity1 were identified. Three were lost to follow-up. Symptoms included @entity548 in all but one @entity1 , who presented with an @entity1066 . There were 33 (26 male) @entity1 . Seventeen (51.5 percent) @entity1 had prior treatment. The number of @entity406 treatments ranged from 1 to 13, with a mean of 3.4. The follow-up ranged from 1 to 60 months, with a mean of 18 months. Twenty-nine (88 percent) @entity1 had improvement or cessation of symptoms. Four (12 percent) @entity1 failed treatment. Two @entity1 were noted to have full-thickness @entity1066 and both failed @entity406 treatment. No complications were noted related to @entity406 treatment. CONCLUSION: We conclude that @entity406 therapy is a safe and effective form of treatment that can be performed in the office with minimal discomfort and no complications. It can be performed multiple times until results are achieved. @entity406 therapy may be useful as a first-line treatment for @entity102 , however, a prospective controlled trial comparing modalities is required to prove this to be true.

title: Treatment of XXXX with 4 percent @entity406 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['initial malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation injury']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin', 'Formalin']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic radiation proctitis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the rectum']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic radiation proctitis']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity3702 is a controversial topic in forensic pathology. Some forensic pathologists state that shaking alone is insufficient to explain @entity204 and that an impact must have occurred even if there is no impact site on the head. OBJECTIVE: To examine a large cohort of fatal, pediatric @entity542 for patterns of specific autopsy findings and circumstances that would support or dispute pure shaking as the cause of @entity204 . DESIGN: We retrospectively reviewed 59 @entity204 due to @entity542 in @entity1 younger than 2 years certified in our office during a 9 year period (1998-2006). The review included autopsy, toxicology, microscopy, neuropathology, and police and investigators' reports. RESULTS: There were 46 homicides, 8 accidents, and 1 undetermined @entity204 from blunt-impact injury of the head. In 10 (22%) of the homicides, there was no impact injury to the head, and the cause of @entity204 was certified as whiplash shaking. In 4 (40%) of these 10 @entity204 , there was a history of shaking. In 5 (83%) of the other 6, there was no history of any purported accidental or @entity130 . All 8 accidental @entity204 had impact sites. Of the 59 @entity204 , 4 (6.7%) had only remote injuries ( @entity6087 , @entity174 ) that were certified as undetermined cause and manner. These 4 @entity204 were excluded from the study. CONCLUSIONS: We describe a subset of fatal, nonaccidental @entity542 @entity204 in @entity1 without an impact to the head. The autopsy findings and circumstances are diagnostic of a nonimpact, shaking mechanism as the cause of @entity204 . Fatal, accidental @entity542 in @entity1 younger than 2 years are rare.

title: Fatal @entity542 in XXXX younger than 2 years in New York City and an overview of the @entity3702 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['remote long bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity3702 :: ('MESH:D038642', 'Disease') :: ['Shaken baby syndrome']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries', 'head-injury']

entities_list: @entity6087 :: ('MESH:D020200', 'Disease') :: ['chronic subdural hematomas']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['homicidal injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Low protein levels of @entity2284 have been reported in @entity731 . In addition, @entity1 studies have indicated that circulating @entity2284 levels are lower in @entity453 @entity1 compared with controls. It remains, however, unclear whether this applies to other forms of @entity731 . Plasma @entity2284 from 280 subjects was examined by ELISA. The cohort included 80 @entity453 ( @entity453 ), 40 @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) and 80 @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) @entity1 . Eighty elderly subjects, without any clinical history of @entity455 , were used as a control group. Receiver operating curve (ROC) and logistic regression model analysis were performed to evaluate the potential value of @entity2284 as a circulating biomarker. @entity1 with @entity731 had significantly lower levels of @entity2284 than control subjects (p   <   0.001). Moreover, @entity2284 was significantly lower in @entity453 @entity1 than other @entity731 groups (p   <   0.001). There was no difference in @entity2284 levels between the @entity1028 and @entity3657 groups. Using the ROC-generated optimal cut-off values for @entity2284 , logistic regression modeling indicated that low plasma @entity2284 was independently associated with the presence of multiple forms of @entity731 . In conclusion, circulating @entity2284 is significantly lower in @entity1 with multiple forms of @entity731 .

title: Plasma heat shock protein 27 is associated with @entity453 , XXXX and @entity3657 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral artery disease', 'PAD']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease', 'atherosclerotic arterial disease', 'atherosclerotic plaques', 'atherosclerotic vascular diseases', 'atherosclerotic vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: The first case of @entity1635 in an @entity17055 spine is reported. OBJECTIVES: To study the nature of @entity1635 in the spinal specimen, and to determine the etiologic significance to @entity1 @entity2112 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity2112 has not been observed in primates other than @entity1 . Previous studies highlighted the importance of erect posture in the development of @entity2112 in @entity1 . METHODS: A spinal model of an @entity17055 spine was studied in great detail to determine its nature. The methods used included plain radiographs, computed tomography scans, a three-dimensional plastic model using rapid prototyping, and dissection of the frozen specimen. RESULTS: Features similar to @entity1 @entity2112 were noted including a right-side curve, @entity717 to convexity, displacement of the spinal cord to the concavity, and an equal number of ribs on either side. No evidence of @entity154 was found. Atypical findings included male gender, a short curve, and @entity1513 at the apex. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity1635 found in the @entity17055 has features similar to @entity2112 , there also are some dissimilar features, making this diagnosis unlikely. The features observed in this spine suggest that erect posture is important in the morphology of @entity1 @entity2112 .

title: @entity1635 in an XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity17055 :: ('9600', 'Species') :: ['orangutan', 'Orangutan']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic scoliosis', 'idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral rotation']

answer: @entity17055 :: (9600,Species) :: ['Orangutan']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The interaction between @entity5 cells and their microenvironment is an essential aspect of @entity5 development. Therefore, understanding how this microenvironment communicates with @entity5 cells is crucial for the development of new anti- @entity5 therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that inhibit gene expression. They are secreted into the extracellular medium in vesicles called exosomes, which allow communication between cells via the transfer of their cargo. Consequently, we hypothesized that circulating endothelial miRNAs could be transferred to @entity5 cells and modify their phenotype. Using exogenous miRNA, we demonstrated that endothelial cells can transfer miRNA to @entity5 cells via exosomes. Using miRNA profiling, we identified @entity26607 , which exhibited downregulated levels in exosomes released from endothelial cells cultured under tumoral conditions. The modulation of @entity26607 in @entity0 cells altered their proliferative and invasive capacities. We then identified two targets of @entity26607 , @entity17946 and @entity18923 . Moreover, we measured increased plasmatic @entity26607 in @entity0 @entity1 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which could be partly due to increased miRNA secretion by endothelial cells. Taken together, our data are the first to reveal the involvement of the endothelium in the modulation of @entity5 development via the secretion of circulating @entity26607 in response to chemotherapy treatment.

title: Endothelial exosomes contribute to the antitumor response during XXXX neoadjuvant chemotherapy via microRNA transfer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The regulation of @entity1369 was studied in a @entity1 with @entity2010 and adipsia, associated with @entity10146 . Plasma ADH was low and unresponsive to dehydration. Plasma @entity916 concentration ranged from 52 to 1350 ng ml-1 h-1 at various degrees of hydration, and plasma @entity1369 ranged from 4.7 to 104 ng/100 ml. Despite these wide ranges, the levels of the two hormones were not correlated. The @entity1369 - @entity916 ratio (log.) was inversely related to the plasma @entity1372 concentration, while the plasma @entity916 concentration (log.) was directly related to plasma @entity1372 . Reduced values of both extracellular fluid volume (radiosulphate and @entity1372 spaces) and total exchangeable @entity1372 were measured when plasma @entity1372 was elevated. @entity1372 depletion at the time when the @entity1 was in a dehydrated state appeared to be caused, at least partly, by defective renal @entity1372 conservation. Thus, in the dehydrated state, the @entity1 showed the following unusual combination of abnormalities: hypernatraemia, @entity1372 depletion, hyperreninaemia, and low to normal plasma @entity1369 . The abnormal @entity1369 - @entity916 ratio was probably not caused by an @entity550 , since high levels of @entity1369 were measured as long as a certain degree of hydration had been achieved with or without exogenous ADH, and since plasma @entity701 was normal and responsive to exogenous ACTH. The results suggest that the responsiveness of the adrenal cortex to angiotensin may vary with extracellular @entity1372 concentration. The direction of this effect, that is, suppression of @entity1369 with increased @entity1372 concentration, is not different from what is observed under experimental conditions, when extra-cellular @entity1372 concentration is raised by infusions of hyperosmolar saline.

title: Dissociation of @entity916 and @entity1369 during dehydration: studies in a case of XXXX and adipsia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic adrenal abnormality']

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium', 'Sodium']

entities_list: @entity10146 :: ('MESH:D016142', 'Disease') :: ['holoprosencephaly']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity2010 :: (MESH:D003919,Disease) :: ['diabetes insipidus']


abstract: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is a genetically complex disorder associated with multiple genetic defects either mutational or of susceptibility. Current @entity195 genetics does not explain in full the etiopathogenesis of @entity195 , suggesting that environmental factors and/or epigenetic phenomena may also contribute to @entity195 pathology and phenotypic expression of @entity303 . The genomics of @entity195 is still in its infancy, but is helping us to understand novel aspects of the disease including genetic epidemiology, multifactorial risk factors, pathogenic mechanisms associated with genetic networks and genetically-regulated metabolic cascades. @entity195 genomics is also fostering new strategies in pharmacogenomic research and prevention. Functional genomics, proteomics, pharmacogenomics, high-throughput methods, combinatorial chemistry and modern bioinformatics will greatly contribute to accelerating drug development for @entity195 and other @entity74 . The @entity74 in @entity195 includes mutational loci ( @entity477 , @entity13769 , @entity13770 ) and diverse susceptibility loci ( @entity2204 , A2M, @entity8698 , @entity8993 , @entity1192 , TNF, @entity1289 , @entity6705 , @entity1390 , @entity9649 , @entity9769 , @entity9459 , @entity9554 ) distributed across the @entity1 genome, probably converging in common pathogenic mechanisms that lead to premature @entity528 . Genomic associations integrate polygenic matrix models to elucidate the genomic organization of @entity195 in comparison to the control population. Using @entity2204 -related monogenic models it has been demonstrated that the therapeutic response to drugs (e.g., cholinesterase inhibitors, non-cholinergic compounds) in @entity195 is genotype-specific. A multifactorial therapy combining three different drugs yielded positive results during 6-12 months in approximately 60% of the @entity1 . With this therapeutic strategy, @entity2204 /4 carriers were the worst responders and @entity1 with the @entity2204 /4 genotype were the best responders. Other polymorphic variants ( @entity13769 , @entity13770 ) also influence the therapeutic response to different drugs in @entity195 @entity1 , suggesting that the final pharmacological outcome is the result of multiple genomic interactions, including @entity195 -related genes and genes associated with drug metabolism, disposition, and elimination. The pharmacogenomics of @entity195 may contribute in the future to optimise drug development and therapeutics, increasing efficacy and safety, and reducing side-effects and unnecessary costs.

title: Pharmacogenomics for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['multifactorial genetic dysfunction', 'complex disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the cytokine level in effusions of @entity2172 and it's relationship with clinical index. To further study the inflammatory mechanism of @entity2346 media with effusion. METHOD: The concentration of @entity310 and TNFsolR II was quantitatively determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and it was correlated with clinical index in @entity2346 media with effusion using stepwise regression analysis. RESULT: @entity310 and TNFsolR II was found in 100% effusions. Mean values of @entity310 were (3.42 +/- 2.25) ng/g total protein. Mean values of TNFsolR II were (405.80 +/- 216.53) ng/g total protein. Mean values of TNFsolR II index was (154.18 +/- 90.45) U. There was a significant decrease of TNFsolR II and TNFsolR II index in @entity1 who recurred (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Cytokine @entity310 and TNFsolR II are important inflammatory medium which exist in all @entity2346 media effusions. The decrease of the level of TNFsolR II and TNFsolR II index present significantly in @entity2171 with recurrence, but there is no any relation of @entity310 in @entity2171 with recurrence.

title: [Cytokine expression in effusions of XXXX media].

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['secretary otitis media']

entities_list: @entity2171 :: ('MESH:D010034', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear effusions']

answer: @entity2171 :: (MESH:D010034,Disease) :: ['secretory otitis']


abstract: We examined the effectiveness of systemic administration of @entity8454 ( @entity2518 ) to induce endogenous protoporphyrin as a regimen for use in @entity34 ( @entity34 ) of transplanted R3230AC @entity35 mammary @entity420 in vivo. Levels of @entity7889 synthesized in various tissues after systemic administration of @entity2518 differed, with their accumulation in @entity5 tissue being dependent on both the dose and the time after @entity2518 administration. @entity5 , liver, and intestine contained greater than 3.0 micrograms @entity7170 /g tissue at 3 h after @entity2518 injection, whereas @entity7170 levels in @entity35 skin and muscle at that time were an order of magnitude lower. Analysis of tissue by HPLC revealed that the predominant @entity7170 synthesized in @entity5 was @entity13880 , whereas in liver, 18% of the total @entity7170 detected was @entity13880 , and in muscle, it was undetectable. Time-dependent studies of the uptake of @entity3209 label from @entity2518 into the various tissues were not predictive of either the total amount of @entity7170 or which @entity7170 species would be present at 3 h after @entity2518 injection. Additionally, no simple relationship was apparent between the activities of certain selected enzymes involved in heme biosynthesis and the concentrations of @entity7889 in the different tissues. High levels of @entity5 @entity13880 were sustained by administration of two sequential doses of @entity2518 , at 3.0 and 1.5 h prior to irradiation. Using these treatment conditions, we inhibited R3230AC growth to an extent that was comparable to that obtained for @entity17654 -induced @entity34 . High energy @entity1391 metabolism, measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo, was @entity73 after @entity2518 -based @entity34 , with @entity5 @entity855 levels reduced to near zero by 4 h after irradiation. Our results demonstrated that @entity2518 -based @entity34 may be an alternative to current treatment protocols that use exogenously administered photosensitizers.

title: Effectiveness of @entity8454 -induced protoporphyrin as a photosensitizer for XXXX in vivo.

entities_list: @entity17654 :: ('MESH:D017323', 'Chemical') :: ['Photofrin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['dramatically impaired']

entities_list: @entity7889 :: ('MESH:D011166', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrins']

entities_list: @entity7170 :: ('CHEBI:8337', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrin']

entities_list: @entity2518 :: ('CHEBI:17549', 'Chemical') :: ['delta-ALA']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity13880 :: ('MESH:C028025', 'Chemical') :: ['protoporphyrin IX']

entities_list: @entity8454 :: ('MESH:D000622', 'Chemical') :: ['delta-aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['photodynamic therapy', 'PDT']

answer: @entity34 :: (MESH:D016609,Disease) :: ['photodynamic therapy']


abstract: @entity958 @entity65709 , RAV1L and @entity65710 / @entity65710 are Related to @entity13125 /VP1 (RAV) transcription factors that contain both plant-specific B3 and AP2 domains. @entity65709 was known to be a negative regulator of growth and its transcript level was repressed by @entity16044 (BL). In this study, we found that the expressions of @entity65709 , and its closest homologs RAV1L and @entity65710 were also regulated by other plant hormones, and especially repressed significantly by BL and @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ), which mediate various abiotic stress responses in plants. Therefore, to further investigate the physiological functions of @entity65709 , RAV1L and @entity65710 in abiotic stress responses, we isolated T-DNA insertional knockout mutants of each gene and produced transgenic plants overexpressing the RAVs. Under normal conditions, each single mutant showed slightly promoted growth patterns only at an early stage of development. In comparison, the @entity65709 -overexpressing plants exhibited strong @entity851 with semi-dwarfed stature. In drought conditions, RAVs-overexpressing transgenic plants exhibited higher transpirational water loss than the wild type. In salt conditions, seed germination of the RAVs-overexpressing transgenic plants was more inhibited than that of the wild type, while ravs mutants showed promoted seed germination. We also found that RAVs expressions were reduced by dryness and salt. @entity65709 -overexpressing plants showed the same patterns of increased expression as stress-inducible genes such as RD29A, @entity22715 and the genes encoding ABA biosynthetic enzymes, as did the wild type and @entity65709 mutant. However, the @entity65709 -overexpressing transgenic plants were insensitive to ABA, regardless of the higher accumulation of ABA even in normal conditions. Taken together, these results suggest that RAVs are versatile negative regulators for growth and abiotic stresses, drought and salt, and that negative regulatory effects of RAVs on abiotic stresses are likely to be operated independently of ABA.

title: A Subset of RAV Transcription Factors Modulates Drought and Salt Stress Responses ABA-Independently in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity16044 :: ('MESH:C023623', 'Chemical') :: ['brassinolide']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3446 -eluting stents have been reported to be effective in the treatment of coronary bifurcations. Still, it has not been fully clarified which strategy would provide the best results with true bifurcation lesions. METHODS AND RESULTS: The CACTUS trial (Coronary bifurcations: Application of the Crushing Technique Using @entity3446 -eluting stents) is a prospective, randomized, multicenter study comparing 2 different techniques of stenting, with mandatory final kissing-balloon inflation, in true bifurcations: (1) elective "crush" stenting and (2) stenting of only the main branch, with provisional side-branch T-stenting. From August 2004 to June 2007, 350 @entity1 were enrolled in 12 European centers. The primary angiographic end point was the in-segment restenosis rate, and the primary clinical end point was the occurrence of major adverse @entity299 ( @entity204 , @entity583 , or target-vessel revascularization) at 6 months. At 6 months, angiographic restenosis rates were not different between the crush group (4.6% and 13.2% in the main branch and side branch, respectively) and the provisional stenting group (6.7% and 14.7% in the main branch and side branch, respectively; P=NS). Additional stenting on the side branch in the provisional stenting group was required in 31% of lesions. Rates of major adverse @entity299 were also similar in the 2 groups (15.8% in the crush group versus 15% in the provisional stenting group, P=NS). CONCLUSIONS: In most bifurcations with a significant @entity850 in both branches, a provisional strategy of stenting the main branch only is effective, with the need to implant a second stent on the side branch occurring in approximately one third of cases. The implantation of 2 stents does not appear to be associated with a higher incidence of adverse events at 6 months.

title: Randomized study of the crush technique versus provisional side-branch stenting in true coronary bifurcations: the CACTUS (Coronary Bifurcations: Application of the Crushing Technique Using XXXX -Eluting Stents) Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['Sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['Sirolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The efficacy of intraoperative celiac plexus block was compared with that of pharmacological therapy in the treatment of @entity158 caused by unresectable @entity788 . METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 were included in the study: 15 @entity1 underwent intraoperative celiac plexus block (group 1) and 6 received pharmacological therapy (group 2). The effectiveness at 1 week after treatment and from treatment to @entity204 was evaluated at follow-up by looking at mean analgesic consumption, mortality and morbidity, and any @entity260 . Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired t-tests. RESULTS: One week after the operation, the analgesic consumption of 14 @entity1 in group 1 was the same as that before treatment, and 1 @entity1 's consumption had decreased. @entity158 in 4 @entity1 in group 2 did not change, but in 2 @entity1 it increased. Mean opioid consumption was significantly lower in group 1. Complications related to the block were transient @entity294 and @entity551 ( P not significant between groups). There was no operative mortality or major complication related to the block. The incidence of adverse drug-related effects, such as @entity1142 , @entity390 , and @entity391 , was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative celiac plexus block made @entity158 control possible with reduced opioid consumption, representing an effective, safe, and simple tool for the treatment of @entity158 caused by unresectable @entity788 .

title: A comparison of intraoperative celiac plexus block with pharmacological therapy as a treatment for XXXX of unresectable @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The thyroid gland is a good organ for the study of genetic alterations in @entity5 development and progress. The study of oncogenes and antigens of cellular proliferation is of interest. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 36 cases of @entity259 , 58 @entity1377 , 32 @entity189 , 2 @entity189 and 12 @entity189 were selected. Clinical and histological prognostic factors were studied and an immunohistochemical study with Ki-67 ( @entity1758 ), @entity876 , @entity588 and @entity8498 antibodies was performed. RESULTS: The proliferative rate Ki-67 ( @entity1758 ) showed statistical differences in @entity2513 . The @entity876 protein did not appear in @entity652 , but was shown in those @entity189 with bigger histological dedifferentiation. A relationship was also established with greater age, larger size and progression of the @entity5 . The @entity588 protein was high in the normal thyroid, in the @entity652 and in the @entity189 , decreasing in correlation with histological dedifferentiation, and totally disappearing in the @entity189 . In @entity189 its disappearance was correlated with mortality. The intense expression of the @entity8498 protein in @entity1377 is statistically correlated with advanced clinical studies. CONCLUSIONS: The differences in the proliferative rate between @entity2513 can be of help in differential diagnosis. The @entity876 manifestation and the loss of the @entity588 expression are correlated with the histological redifferentiation process. An intense manifestation of @entity8498 in @entity1377 is correlated with @entity5 progression.

title: [Value of the expression of @entity8498 , @entity876 , @entity588 oncoproteins and Ki-67( XXXX ) antigen of cellular proliferation in the diagnosis and prognosis of thyroi].

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma', 'papillary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumoural']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'anaplastic carcinomas', 'follicular carcinomas', 'medullary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas and follicular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid adenomas']

answer: @entity1758 :: (57534,Gene) :: ['MIB-1']


abstract: This study was carried out to observe the growth and development of Fibricola seoulensis in experimentally infected @entity35 and @entity19 . The metacercariae were obtained from naturally infected Natrix tigrina lateralis which were collected in Hoengseong Gun, Gangweon Do, in August 1982. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Growth and development of worm were not different between the @entity35 and @entity19 . Body growth was attained within a week in both hosts. The testes differentiated first on the 2nd day after @entity281 , and then ovary on the 3rd day, vitelline follicles on the 4th day, vitelline reservoir on the 5th day. A few eggs appeared in uterus on the 5th day and in feces on the 6th day. The body length grew almost linearly for the first 7 days after @entity281 . The growth of posterior body was more remarkable, and the ratio of posterior body length to that of anterior body increased to 1.099 until 4 weeks after @entity281 . 2. The worms of 4weeks age in @entity35 measured 1.10~1.92 mm long and 0.511~0.696 mm wide. The morphological characteristics of adult worms were identical to the original description of F. seoulensis, though dimensions varied in wider range. 3. The worms were recovered from the @entity35 12.5% on the day after infecion, and the rate ranged 21.0~59.0% up to 6th day. One week after @entity281 , the rates were 42.6%, 60.9% and 43.9% respectively by the metacercarial group of 200, 1,000 and 2,000 and the rates decreased to 16.2%, 29.1% and 3.1% respectively by the group on the 4th week after @entity281 . Most of the worms were recovered from duodenum, and a part of worms were found in jejunum or ileum in heavily infected @entity35 . 4. The worms of 23.5~63.5% were recovered from @entity19 from 3 to 10 days after @entity281 . A great majority of them was found in duodenum, too.

title: Studies On Intestinal Trematodes In Korea: VII. Growth, Development And Recovery Of Fibricola Seoulensis From Experimentally Infected XXXX And @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: To study the time course of spontaneous and induced @entity943 after @entity583 ( @entity583 ), 20 @entity235 underwent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery and temporary occlusion and reperfusion of the obtuse marginal branch. There were 5 early @entity204 (less than 24 hours) due to spontaneous @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ). All 15 survivors exhibited spontaneous @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) up to day 3 with the shortest cycle length occurring at 17 hours after @entity583 (232 +/- 11 msec: mean +/- SEM). The grade of @entity943 complexity was decreased after day 4 compared to day 1 (p = 0.049), and the number of ventricular premature complexes was reduced after day 6 (1700 +/- 1390/hour) compared to day 1 (9500 +/- 640/hour, p = 0.042). Serial electrophysiologic studies were carried out on days 8, 15, 22, and 29 via an implanted antitachycardia pacemaker using 1 to 3 extrastimuli and rapid ventricular pacing (RVP). On day 8, @entity1165 was inducible in 7 @entity235 (46%), @entity2224 in 4 (27%), and 4 @entity235 (27%) exhibited a negative response. On day 15, 3 more @entity235 became negative, and all previously negative @entity235 displayed negative responses. From day 15, the inducibility of @entity1165 / @entity2224 remained "constant" using RVP. However, inducibility by triple extrastimuli declined week by week until day 29. Stepwise logistic regression analysis of 20 variables selected the mass of the @entity583 as the only independent predictor of inducible @entity1165 / @entity2224 by multiple extrastimuli and RVP after day 15 (p = 0.049). Thus significant time- and mode-dependent changes in inducibility of @entity1165 / @entity2224 occur during the early phase after @entity583 .

title: Serial analysis of spontaneous and induced @entity943 in a XXXX model of @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: A 44-year-old @entity1 , who was suffering from widespread musculoskeletal @entity158 , @entity1295 , and @entity25 , was diagnosed as @entity239 . There was no apparent @entity347 . @entity4480 therapy was introduced with a dose of 60 mg/day at bedtime. A few days later her husband noted severe teeth clenching and associated loud grinding noises during sleep. Then, @entity4480 dosage was reduced to 30 mg/day. The @entity8599 continued with this dosage, thus the therapy was discontinued. The @entity8599 resolved after cessation. Three weeks later, @entity4480 therapy was restarted at the dosage of 60 mg/day. On the third day of the therapy, @entity8599 started again and @entity3659 therapy at the dosage of 10 mg/day was added to @entity4480 therapy. The dosage of @entity3659 was incrementally adjusted to 25 mg/ day. On the fourth day of the combined therapy, @entity8599 symptoms improved. Two months later, the @entity8599 symptoms were resolved and the complaints for @entity239 were under control. Although @entity8599 has been reported due to @entity906 use, there is only one @entity4480 -induced @entity8599 case in the literature which was treated with @entity5633 . However, we report @entity4480 -induced @entity8599 treated successfully with @entity3659 in a @entity1 with @entity239 . Tricyclic antidepressants have a suppression effect on the REM phase of the sleep cycle; this may help to cease the @entity8599 symptoms appearing in that phase of the sleep cycle. This is the first reported case of @entity239 with @entity4480 -induced @entity10410 successfully treated with @entity3659 .

title: @entity4480 -induced XXXX in @entity239 Successfully Treated With @entity3659 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity5633 :: ('MESH:D002065', 'Chemical') :: ['buspirone']

entities_list: @entity3659 :: ('MESH:D000639', 'Chemical') :: ['amitriptyline']

entities_list: @entity10410 :: ('MESH:D020186', 'Disease') :: ['sleep bruxism']

entities_list: @entity4480 :: ('MESH:C058218', 'Chemical') :: ['duloxetine', 'Duloxetine']

entities_list: @entity906 :: ('MESH:C047426', 'Chemical') :: ['venlafaxine']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorder']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic disease']

answer: @entity10410 :: (MESH:D020186,Disease) :: ['Sleep Bruxism']


abstract: Background. @entity10149 is a member of the CXC chemokine family, which may mediate various functions, such as attracting neutrophils to sites of @entity32 , regulating angiogenesis, and participating in tumorigenesis and progression. However, the expression of @entity10149 in @entity43 and its relationship to the clinical characteristics of this disease remain poorly understood. Methods. In this study, immunohistochemical analysis using @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ) was employed to evaluate the expression of @entity10149 in @entity43 and to contrast expression with normal ovarian epithelial cells and oviduct epithelial cells. Next, we observed the correlation between @entity10149 expression and clinicopathological features of @entity43 as well as @entity1 outcome. Results. High @entity10149 cytoplasmic expression was observed in 55.15% of @entity1 with @entity43 , which was related to lymph node or other metastases (P < 0.001), @entity843 (P = 0.027), and International Federation of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (FIGO) stage (P = 0.032). Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analysis revealed that high @entity10149 expression (P = 0.002) and high CA19-9 level (P = 0.003) were independent prognostic indicators of poor outcome in @entity43 . Conclusions. Overall, high @entity10149 expression correlates with poor prognosis and contributes to @entity43 tumorigenesis and @entity3 .

title: Overexpression of Growth-Related Oncogene-b Is Associated with Tumorigenesis, @entity3 , and Poor Prognosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue microarray', 'TMA']

entities_list: @entity10149 :: ('2920', 'Gene') :: ['GRO-b', 'Growth-related oncogene- (GRO-) b']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Ovarian Cancer']


abstract: @entity48420 (PR) is a light-driven proton pump found in marine bacteria. More than 1000 PRs are classified as blue-absorbing (  max     490 nm) and green-absorbing (  max     525 nm) PRs. The color determinant is known to be at position 105, where blue-absorbing and green-absorbing PRs possess @entity7647 and Leu, respectively. This suggests hydrophobicity at position 105 plays a key role in color tuning. Here we successfully introduced 19 @entity535 residues into position 105 of green-absorbing PR in the membrane environment and investigated the absorption properties. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis shows that the isomeric composition of the all-trans form is >70% for all mutants, indicating little influence of different isomers on color tuning. Absorption spectra of the wild-type and 19 mutant proteins were well-characterized by the pH-dependent equilibria of the protonated and deprotonated counterion ( @entity2574 97) of the @entity3364 , whereas the   max values of these two states and the pKa value differed significantly among mutants. Although @entity7647 and Leu are hydrophilic and hydrophobic residues, respectively, the   max values of the two states and the pKa value did not correlate with the hydropathy index of residues. In contrast, the   max and pKa were correlated with the volume of residues, though @entity7647 and Leu possess similar volumes. This observation concludes that the   max and pKa of @entity2574 97 are determined by local and specific interactions in the @entity3364 moiety, in which the volume of the residue at position 105 is more influential than its hydrophobicity. We suggest that the @entity3884 -bonding network in the @entity3364 moiety plays a key role in the   max and pKa of @entity2574 97, and the @entity3884 -bonding network is significantly perturbed by large @entity535 residues but may be preserved by additional water molecule(s) for small @entity535 residues at position 105.

title: A Color-Determining @entity535 Residue of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity48420 :: ('MESH:C413548', 'Chemical') :: ['Proteorhodopsin']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3364 :: ('MESH:D012545', 'Chemical') :: ['Schiff base']

answer: @entity48420 :: (MESH:C413548,Chemical) :: ['Proteorhodopsin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Splenectomy is considered standard surgical therapy in @entity7276 . The procedure is indicated in @entity1 with severe @entity417 , recurrent hemolytic, and aplastic crises. The aim of the study was to assess treatment outcomes in @entity1 with @entity7276 who underwent total or partial laparoscopic splenectomy. Fifteen @entity1 aged 4-17 yr underwent laparoscopic splenectomy from 2009 to 2012. Partial and total splenectomies were performed (five and 10 @entity1 , respectively). Hematologic parameters, liver function tests, and splenic volume before and after the surgery were analyzed retrospectively. Total follow-up was 1-30 months. Hospitalization and operating time were similar in both groups. In partial splenectomy group, branches of splenic arteries gave better blood supply than short gastric vessels. In both groups, hematologic parameters were improved. Postoperative markedly elevated platelet count was maintained up to 6 months, and after that, platelet count gradually decreased to normal values. @entity648 level was decreased in early postoperative period; however, it increased later to achieve levels lower than in preoperative period. No severe general infections were observed in both groups. Laboratory parameters (hemoglobin and @entity648 concentrations and RBC) after the surgery improved in all @entity1 , and the effect was maintained during 12 months of follow-up. Platelet count increased significantly after the surgery and was maintained at high levels during the next 6 months. However, it returned to preoperative levels within a year after the surgery. Our study showed that partial splenectomy was not inferior to total splenectomy. However, full assessment requires longer follow-up and larger group of @entity1 .

title: Laparoscopic splenectomy for XXXX -preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity7276 :: ('MESH:D013103', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary spherocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin', 'Bilirubin']

answer: @entity7276 :: (MESH:D013103,Disease) :: ['hereditary spherocytosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity263 bone @entity3 is distinguished by the predominance of @entity75 . This phenotype has been difficult to reproduce in animal models. Here, we describe a model utilizing the @entity1 @entity1 @entity263 cell line that generates @entity690 and a prominent spiculated periosteal osteoblastic response following intraosseous injection in scid @entity19 . METHODS: We injected @entity1 -luciferase @entity263 cells directly into the tibiae of C.B-17 scid @entity19 . We analyzed @entity5 growth and pathology every 2 weeks using radiographic and histologic techniques. RESULTS: X-ray analysis revealed that 22Rv1 @entity5 elicit a mixed-type lesion including some @entity3061 and a robust induction of periosteal bone formation, in contrast to PC3M-luciferase intraosseous @entity5 which induce only extensive @entity3061 . Micro-computerized tomographic imaging shows that 22Rv1 @entity5 exhibit both osteolytic and osteoblastic features which become apparent between 4 and 6 weeks post injection. There is initial disruption of the cortex and corresponding invasion of the periosteum which is associated with a vigorous osteoblastic response. Histological analysis of late stage @entity5 shows that the @entity5 has grown outside of the medullary cavity and surrounds the tibia underneath the periosteum and intermixed with spicules of woven bone which is detected in the radiographic analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The overall pattern of this model is suggestive of clinical cases of @entity263 @entity3 in which periosteal responses are noted, often in association with rapidly progressive disease. We expect that intraosseous injection of @entity1 cells will provide a new experimental model for the study of osteoblastic @entity263 @entity3 .

title: Spiculated periosteal response induced by intraosseous injection of XXXX @entity263 cells resembles subset of bone metastases in @entity263 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['osteoblastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['22Rv1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity67536 in Holstein dairy @entity291 is primarily controlled by the @entity60078 ( @entity60078 ) gene, a central determinant of black (eumelanin) vs. red/brown pheomelanin synthesis across animal species. The major @entity60078 alleles in Holsteins are Dominant Black (MC1RD) and Recessive Red (MC1Re). A novel form of dominant red @entity67536 was first observed in an animal born in 1980. The mutation underlying this phenotype was named Dominant Red and is epistatic to the constitutively activated MC1RD. Here we show that a missense mutation in the @entity67537 ( @entity67537 ), a gene with previously no known role in pigmentation synthesis, is completely associated with Dominant Red in Holstein dairy @entity291 . The mutation results in an @entity369 to @entity462 substitution at an @entity3689 residue completely conserved across eukaryotes. Despite this high level of conservation we show that both heterozygotes and homozygotes are healthy and viable. Analysis of @entity67538 shows that the Dominant Red phenotype is similar to the @entity60078 Recessive Red phenotype, although less effective at reducing eumelanin synthesis. RNA-seq data similarly show that Dominant Red animals achieve predominantly @entity18606 synthesis by downregulating genes normally required for eumelanin synthesis. @entity67537 is a component of the coat protein I seven subunit complex that is involved with retrograde and cis-Golgi intracellular coated vesicle transport of both protein and RNA cargo. This suggests that Dominant Red may be caused by aberrant @entity60078 protein or mRNA trafficking within the highly compartmentalized melanocyte, mimicking the effect of the Recessive Red loss of function @entity60078 allele.

title: Dominant Red @entity67536 in Holstein @entity291 Is Associated with a Missense Mutation in the XXXX ( @entity67537 ) Gene.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity67537 :: ('100126041(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['COPA', 'coatomer protein complex, subunit alpha']

entities_list: @entity67538 :: ('OMIM:613080', 'Disease') :: ['hair pigment composition']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity18606 :: ('MESH:C018362', 'Chemical') :: ['pheomelanin']

answer: @entity67537 :: (100126041(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['Coatomer Protein Complex, Subunit Alpha']


abstract: Evidence accumulated during the last two decades suggests that only a fraction of any chemical in soil is available to organisms, and soil-related effects on bioavailability should be considered in optimizing soil remediation cleanup levels. In the current study, the absolute and relative bioavailabilities of @entity211 ( @entity212 ) from freshly spiked and environmentally aged soils varying in organic @entity505 content, clay content, and pH were examined using a @entity35 model. @entity212 is a broad-spectrum biocide widely used as a wood preservative, and thus is ubiquitous in the environment. Soils and @entity4336 oil containing equivalent levels of @entity212 were administered to male @entity35 by gavage at 2 dose levels: 100 and 200 microg/kg body weight. Equivalent doses were also given intravenously. The areas under the plasma concentration of @entity212 versus time curves were calculated, and absolute and relative bioavailabilities of @entity212 from each soil were determined. At a dose of 100 microg/kg body weight, the absolute bioavailabilities of @entity212 across soils ranged from 36% to 65%, and the relative bioavailabilities ranged from 48% to 82%. At the higher dose level (200 microg/kg body weight), absolute and relative bioavailability ranges were somewhat higher at 46% to 77% and 52% to 87%, respectively. All soils decreased absolute @entity212 bioavailability significantly at both dose levels and relative bioavailability at the lower @entity212 dose level. At the higher dose level, only one of the two field-contaminated soils decreased the relative @entity212 bioavailability. The data indicate that @entity212 -soil interactions do significantly decrease the oral bioavailability of @entity212 from soil, but no obvious correlation was observed between soil properties and bioavailabilities.

title: Oral bioavailability of XXXX from soils of varying characteristics using a @entity35 model.

entities_list: @entity211 :: ('MESH:D010416', 'Chemical') :: ['pentachlorophenol']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity211 :: (MESH:D010416,Chemical) :: ['pentachlorophenol']


abstract: The crayfish stretch receptor consisting of the single mechanoreceptor neurons enveloped by satellite glial cells is the simplest functioning neuroglial preparation. However, during isolation, its axons are usually transected that eliminates afferent regulation and induces complex axotomy-related signaling responses in neurons and satellite glia. We developed new microsurgical method of crayfish stretch receptor isolation, which preserves connections of sensory neurons to the ventral nerve @entity602 . The stretch receptor may either remain on the abdominal carapace, or be completely isolated. In both cases, it may be either intact, or axotomized. The integrity of axons was confirmed by firing recording from proximal and distal axon points. Normal, @entity39 and apoptotic cells were visualized using double fluorochroming with @entity5956 and @entity2667 . The isolated mechanoreceptor neurons maintain regular firing during 8-10 or more hours. Glial cells surrounding non-axotomized neurons demonstrate lower @entity39 and apoptosis levels than the axotomized ones. Unlike the existing method, in which the sensory neurons were axotomized, the present method preserves links between the sensory neurons and the ganglion and makes possible to avoid consequences of axotomy in neurons and satellite glia. The present neuroglial preparation may be used as a simple but informative model object in studies of axotomy-induced degeneration and survival of peripheral neurons, the role of glia in @entity528 , the signaling mechanisms of neuroglial interactions, and the effects of diverse physical and chemical factors on neuronal and glial cells.

title: The method of isolation of the crayfish abdominal stretch receptor maintaining a connection of the sensory neuron to the ventral nerve XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord ganglion']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron injury']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['cord ganglion']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Clinically identified @entity121 are frequently a consequence of medication @entity137 . However, recognizing drug-induced @entity121 is sometimes difficult. Developing a greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms of drug-induced @entity137 will promote enhanced @entity3596 and recognition, and improved management of these syndromes. RECENT FINDINGS: The adverse impact of certain drugs on muscle metabolism, muscle cell atrophy, and myocyte apoptosis is increasingly clear. Glucocorticoids impair @entity413 handling and directly promote protein catabolism. Statins impair mitochondrial function and alter intracellular signaling proteins, which can lead to myocyte apoptosis. Alternatively, statins can induce an @entity792 . Several medications impair autophagy, thus limiting access to the needed glycogen stores. SUMMARY: This review provides an overview of the main underlying mechanisms of drug-induced @entity121 . These @entity121 will most often be related to a drug's ability to alter metabolism and protein balance, induce @entity39 , or impair autophagy.

title: The causes of drug-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['muscle toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathies']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3596 :: ('MESH:D058926', 'Disease') :: ['awareness']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune necrotizing myositis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['muscle toxicity']


abstract: Not only macrophages, T-helper (Th)1 and Th2, but also @entity404 (+) CD25(high) @entity403 (+) regulatory T cells (T-regs) are involved in immune response to @entity4430 . We aimed to evaluate serum @entity1356 and IL-12p70 (macrophage cytokines), @entity379 ( @entity379 ) ( @entity1198 cytokine), @entity3646 (Th2 cytokine) and circulating @entity404 (+) CD25(high) @entity403 (+) T-regs, in untreated @entity1201 @entity1 . Forty three @entity1 and 40 controls were assessed for the mentioned cytokines using ELISA. @entity1 were assessed for circulating T-regs using flow cytometry. @entity1 were subgrouped into tuberculoid (TT), pure @entity4544 (PNL), borderline cases, @entity1203 (LL), type 1 reactional @entity1201 (RL1) and @entity5406 ( @entity5406 ). Serum IL-12p70, @entity379 and @entity3646 were significantly higher in @entity1 versus controls (P  <  0.05). Serum @entity3646 was highest in LL and lowest in RL1 (P  =  0.003). Serum @entity1356 levels was significantly higher in multibacillary versus paucibacillary @entity1 (P  =  0.006). Significantly higher T-regs levels was detected in TT, RL1 and PNL, while the lowest levels in @entity5406 (P  <  0.001), with significant differences versus controls (P  <  0.05). @entity403 expression% was significantly lower in PNL than other @entity1 and controls (P  <  0.05). T-regs/T-effs was lowest in @entity5406 (P  <  0.05). @entity379 correlated positively with T-regs but negatively with @entity1356 (P  =  0.041_0.046 respectively), which correlated positively with T-effs%( P  =  0.05). @entity3646 correlated positively with T-regs @entity403 expression% (P  =  0.009). We concluded that: Circulating T-regs were increased in TT, RL1 and PNL @entity1 , known of relatively high cell-mediated immunity. This finding was supported by low @entity403 expression (in PNL) and correlation between T-regs count and @entity379 level. Overproduction of @entity3646 in LL may infer liability to develop @entity5406 , with disease progression and immune hyperactivation, marked by @entity1129 and increased T-regs @entity403 expression%. @entity1356 probably has a pro-inflammatory role in multibacillary @entity1 as correlated with T-effs%.

title: Serum @entity1198 /Th2 and macrophage lineage cytokines in @entity1201 ; correlation with circulating XXXX (+) CD25(high) @entity403 (+) T-regs cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1203 :: ('MESH:D015440', 'Disease') :: ['lepromatous']

entities_list: @entity4430 :: ('1769', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium leprae']

entities_list: @entity4544 :: ('MESH:D015441', 'Disease') :: ['neural leprosy']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['deficient T-regs']

entities_list: @entity5406 :: ('MESH:D004893', 'Disease') :: ['erythema nodosum leprosum', 'ENL']

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) is one of the most @entity5 with a mortality that is almost identical to incidence. Because early detected @entity1124 is potentially curable, blood-based biomarkers that could detect currently developing @entity5 would improve @entity1 survival and management. @entity1124 develops from @entity660 , graded from low grade (PanIN1) to high grade (PanIN3). We made the hypothesis that specific proteomic signatures from each precancerous stage exist and are detectable in plasma. METHODS: We explored the peptide profiles of microdissected @entity788 cells and of plasma samples corresponding to the different @entity788 grade from genetically engineered @entity19 models of @entity1124 using capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS) and @entity15 . RESULTS: We successfully characterised differential peptides profiles from @entity788 microdissected cells. We found that plasma from tumor-bearing @entity19 and age-matched controls exhibit discriminative peptide signatures. We also determined plasma peptide signatures corresponding to low- and high-grade precancerous step present in the @entity19 pancreas using the two mass spectrometry technologies. Importantly, we identified biomarkers specific of PanIN3. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that benign and advanced @entity660 display distinct plasma peptide patterns. This strongly supports the perspectives of developing a non-invasive screening test for prediction and early detection of @entity1124 .

title: XXXX plasma signatures and biomarkers based on proteome profiling of @entity19 models.

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma', 'PDAC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['lethal malignancies', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions', 'PanIN lesions']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic preneoplastic lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence regarding the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in the elderly, particularly @entity548 risks, is unclear despite the presence of greater comorbidities, polypharmacy, and altered pharmacokinetics in this age group. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials of DOACs ( @entity3926 , @entity5424 , @entity3925 , and @entity14242 ) for efficacy and @entity548 outcomes in comparison with @entity2067 antagonists (VKA) in elderly @entity1 (aged >= 75 years) treated for @entity1211 or @entity64 prevention in @entity955 . Nineteen studies were eligible for inclusion, but only 11 reported data specifically for elderly @entity1 . The efficacy in managing @entity715 risks for each DOAC was similar or superior to VKA in elderly @entity1 . A nonsignificantly higher risk of major @entity548 than with VKA was observed with @entity3926 150 mg (odds ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 0.97-1.44) but not with the 110-mg dose. Significantly higher @entity360 risks with @entity3926 150 mg (1.78, 1.35-2.35) and @entity3926 110 mg (1.40, 1.04-1.90) and lower @entity510 risks than VKA for @entity3926 150 mg (0.43, 0.26-0.72) and @entity3926 110 mg (0.36, 0.22-0.61) were also observed. A significantly lower major @entity548 risk in comparison with VKA was observed for @entity5424 (0.63, 0.51-0.77), @entity14242 60 mg (0.81, 0.67-0.98), and 30 mg (0.46, 0.38-0.57), whereas @entity3925 showed similar risks. CONCLUSIONS: DOACs demonstrated at least equal efficacy to VKA in managing @entity715 risks in the elderly, but @entity548 patterns were distinct. In particular, @entity3926 was associated with a higher risk of @entity360 than VKA. Insufficient published data for @entity5424 , @entity14242 , and @entity3925 indicate that further work is needed to clarify the @entity548 risks of these DOACs in the elderly. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO. Unique identifier: PROSPERO CRD42014007171/.

title: Efficacy and Harms of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in the Elderly for @entity64 Prevention in XXXX and Secondary Prevention of @entity1211 : Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity5424 :: ('MESH:C522181', 'Chemical') :: ['apixaban']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['acute venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['Atrial Fibrillation']