abstract: We compared the radiographic and scintigraphic findings in the third carpal bone of @entity1641 performing different work disciplines and investigated their relationship with @entity1273 . @entity1641 had undergone carpal radiography including acquisition of a dorsoproximal-dorsodistal oblique (DPr-DDiO) image of the distal row of carpal bones and/or scintigraphic examination of the carpi. Cause of @entity1273 , breed, age, and work discipline were recorded. Increased @entity231 in the third carpal bone was graded, ratio of radiopharmaceutical uptake calculated objectively, and increased radiopharmaceutical uptake graded subjectively. Relationships between radiographic, scintigraphic, and clinical findings were assessed statistically. Increased @entity231 in the third carpal bone (P = 0.003) and ratio of radiopharmaceutical uptake (P = 0.015) were associated with the work discipline. Increased @entity231 in the third carpal bone was associated with both increased radiopharmaceutical uptake grade (P = 0.002; rs = 0.59) and ratio of radiopharmaceutical uptake (P = 0.013; rs = 0.46). Increased radiopharmaceutical uptake and increased @entity231 in the third carpal bone were not always observed concurrently. Lameness related to the middle carpal joint was associated with increased @entity231 (P < 0.001), ratio of radiopharmaceutical uptake (P = 0.037), and increased radiopharmaceutical uptake grade (P < 0.001). Radiographic and scintigraphic abnormalities were observed in @entity1641 performing all disciplines, indicating that high-speed exercise may not be the only factor determining the development of @entity66 in the third carpal bone. Both increased @entity231 and increased radiopharmaceutical uptake were more likely to be seen in @entity1641 with @entity1273 related to the middle carpal joint than in @entity1641 with other sources of @entity158 .

title: Radiographic and scintigraphic evaluation of the third carpal bone of control @entity1641 and @entity1641 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['osseous disease']

answer: @entity1273 :: (MESH:D007794,Disease) :: ['carpal lameness']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to compare long-term @entity1576 in @entity1 after repair of @entity1152 ( @entity1152 ) or @entity2914 ( @entity2914 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 were seen at 6, 12, and 24 months and 5 years within a prospective longitudinal follow-up program in a tertiary @entity1 's hospital. @entity1576 and physical condition were evaluated at all moments. At age 5 years, pulmonary function and maximal exercise performance were tested. RESULTS: In 3 of 23 @entity1146 @entity1 and 10 of 20 @entity547 @entity1 , @entity2107 was developed. Seventeen @entity1146 and 11 @entity547 @entity1 had recurrent @entity1729 mainly in the first years of life. At age 5, 25% of @entity1152 and @entity2914 @entity1 measured showed reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 second (z-score < -2). Both @entity1146 and @entity547 @entity1 showed impaired growth, with catch-up growth at 5 years in @entity1 with @entity1152 but not in those with @entity547 . Maximal exercise performance was significantly below normal for both groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1152 and @entity2914 are associated with equal risk of long-term @entity1576 , @entity851 , and disturbed maximal exercise performance. Prospective follow-up of @entity1152 @entity1 aimed at identifying respiratory problems other than @entity825 should be an integral part of interdisciplinary follow-up programs.

title: A prospective comparative evaluation of persistent XXXX in @entity1152 and @entity2914 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity825 :: ('MESH:D055090', 'Disease') :: ['tracheomalacia']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth impairment']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal atresia', 'esophageal atresia', 'EA']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia', 'CDH']

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory morbidity', 'Respiratory morbidity']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory morbidity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to describe oncological and obstetrical outcomes in @entity1 who underwent less radical @entity954 ( @entity954 ) procedures with omitted parametrectomy for @entity5 . METHODS: Included were @entity1 with @entity5 stages IA2- @entity3847 who were under the age of 40 and desired future pregnancy. @entity1 underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy. Node-negative cases underwent subsequent cervical surgery and were further analyzed. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) was administered in @entity1 with @entity5 >2cm and/or involving >2/3 of cervical stroma. Simple vaginal trachelectomy or needle conization were performed according to @entity5 extent and topography. The follow-up period started once free surgical margins were reached. RESULTS: Out of 44 @entity1 enrolled, 32 @entity1 (IA2=7, @entity3846 =23, @entity3847 =2) successfully completed @entity954 . NAC was administered in 9 (28.1%) cases. A simple trachelectomy was performed in 11 @entity1 and needle conization in 21 @entity1 . During the follow-up, 6 out of 32 @entity1 became pregnant. Of these, 1 miscarried and 5 successfully delivered. Disease recurred in 6 @entity1 ; 5 recurrences were central and 1 recurrence presented as an ovarian mass. Invasive @entity2622 , high-grade squamous intraepithelial (HSIL), and low-grade squamous intraepithelial (LSIL) lesions were detected in 4, 1 and 1 @entity1 , respectively. Three of them received NAC. All events were detected within 16months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly 27% of @entity1 cannot complete @entity954 due to node positivity, progression during NAC, or involved margins. The total recurrence rate reached 18.8%, with the majority of invasive recurrences detected in @entity1 after NAC followed by @entity954 . These @entity1 represent cases at a higher risk of recurrence even if adequate free margins are reached by surgery. Nearly half of the cohort did not consider pregnancy in the near future because of personal reasons.

title: Results of less radical fertility-sparing procedures with omitted parametrectomy for XXXX : 5years of experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cervical cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['fertility-sparing surgical', 'FSS']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: The incidence of significant @entity600 was determined in a combined clinical and autopsy study comprising 1000 @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity299 treated and lost at the @entity1 's Hospital in Helsinki. There were 567 @entity1 and 433 @entity1 . 1/4 of the @entity1 had a birthweight of 2500 g or less. 850 @entity1 were under 1 yr old. @entity204 occurred during the 1st mth of life in 546 cases. @entity600 were encountered in 439 @entity1 . They were more common in @entity1 than in @entity1 . The incidence of associated @entity600 was comparatively high in @entity1 with a low birthweight. The noncardiac anomalies were considered main causes of death in 1/3 of the cases. Extracardiac organs were involved in the following order of frequency: alimentary, skeletal, urogenital, central nervous and respiratory system. Of the main @entity299 , @entity1757 were associated with the highest and transposition of the great arteries with the lowest incidence of @entity154 . An accumulation of some @entity600 was observed in @entity1 with certain @entity299 .

title: XXXX associated with @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'boys', 'infants', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['extracardiac anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['septal defects']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'Extracardiac malformations', 'defined noncardiac malformations', 'extracardiac malformations']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart lesions', 'congenital heart disease', 'cardiac malformations']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['Extracardiac malformations']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity2694 ( @entity2694 ) surgery in combination with @entity1641 chestnut seed extract (HCSE), as compared to @entity2694 alone, in @entity1 with @entity6875 ( @entity6875 ). METHODS: Sixty-two orbits from 62 @entity6875 @entity1 were randomly assigned to @entity2694 or @entity2694 +HCSE at 1:1 ratio (31 received @entity2694 alone, 31 received @entity2694 +HCSE). Forty-two orbits from 21 healthy subjects were used as controls. Complete ophthalmic examination and @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ) were performed before surgery and 3mo post-surgery on all 62 orbits from the @entity6875 @entity1 . @entity2996 were also performed on the 42 control orbits. The effect of @entity2694 +HCSE and @entity2694 alone on @entity6875 orbits was compared on several endpoints, including superior ophthalmic vein blood flow (SOVBF) parameters, subjective assessment, soft tissue involvement, lid retraction, @entity892 , eye movement restriction, degree of exophthalmos, and intraocular pressure. The control orbits were used as reference for the SOVBF parameters. RESULTS: @entity2694 surgery with or without HCSE improved SOVBF, symptoms and soft tissue involvement, decreased degree of exophthalmos and intraocular pressure in orbits of @entity6875 @entity1 . The @entity2694 +HCSE combination led to significantly better improvement of SOVBF than @entity2694 alone. The differences between the reductions of SOVBF in the two groups are 1.26 cm/s in max-volecity and 0.52 cm/s in min-volecity (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: SOVBF is significantly reduced in the orbits affected with @entity6875 , indicating that congestion may be an important factor contributing to @entity6875 pathogenesis. @entity2694 surgery improves the SOVBF, and combination of HCSE medication and @entity2694 surgery further improved venous return than @entity2694 surgery alone.

title: Orbital decompression surgery and @entity1641 chestnut seed extract improved superior orbital vein blood flow in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['color Doppler flow imaging', 'CDFI']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['OD', 'orbital decomposition']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ['TAO', 'thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy']

answer: @entity6875 :: (MESH:D049970,Disease) :: ['thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Electronic @entity1 Record (EPR) TT- 2000+ was implemented in Hospital Orton in January 2008. The software TT 2000+ was implemented in 2005. TT- 2000+ enables structured and specifically defined documentation in clinical nursing practice. OBJECTIVES: To describe the use of @entity158 management documentation into TT- 2000+ and how the results can be implemented into clinical nursing practice. Can the results be used in development of clinical nursing practice? How does the evaluation of @entity158 reflect into the number of documentation? METHODS: The data were obtained from documentations made in May 2008 from @entity1 groups that had undergone @entity572 and total knee arthroplasty. RESULTS: The number of @entity572 @entity1 was 60 and total knee arthroplasty @entity1 51. The total number of @entity158 documentations with the group of @entity2445 's was 992 and with TKA's 913. DISCUSSION: Due to the circumstances in May 2008, the numbers of documentation into the TT- 2000+ are inadequate. Therefore, the documentation needs further research within a longer period of time. Undefined and unified way of maintaining and recording should be considered in processing information in clinical practice.

title: Documentation of XXXX management with TT- 2000+ in May 2008 viewed from clinical nursing practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['total hip arthroplasty']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Obtaining renal access is one of the most important and complex steps in learning percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Ideally, this skill should be practiced outside the operating room. There is a need for anatomically accurate and cheap models for simulated training. The objective was to develop a cost-effective, anatomically accurate, nonbiologic training model for simulated PCNL access under fluoroscopic guidance. METHODS: Collecting systems from routine computed tomography urograms were extracted and reformatted using specialized software. These images were printed in a water-soluble plastic on a three-dimensional (3D) printer to create biomodels. These models were embedded in @entity1346 and then the models were dissolved in water to leave a hollow collecting system within a @entity1346 model. These PCNL models were filled with contrast medium and sealed. A layer of dense foam acted as a spacer to replicate the tissues between skin and kidney. RESULTS: 3D printed models of @entity1 collecting systems are a useful adjunct in planning PCNL access. The PCNL access training model is relatively low cost and reproduces the anatomy of the renal collecting system faithfully. A range of models reflecting the variety and complexity of @entity1 collecting systems can be reproduced. The fluoroscopic triangulation process needed to target the calix of choice can be practiced successfully in this model. CONCLUSIONS: This @entity1346 PCNL training model accurately replicates the anatomic architecture and orientation of the @entity1 renal collecting system. It provides a safe, clean, and effective model for training in accurate fluoroscopy-guided PCNL access.

title: A new model with an anatomically accurate XXXX renal collecting system for training in fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy access.

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity725 ( @entity725 ) is a leading cause for worldwide @entity1939 and is characterized by progressive @entity1781 . The etiology of @entity725 is unknown, but elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and advanced age have been identified as risk factors. IOP reduction is the only known treatment for @entity726 . Recently, drugs that inhibit rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) have been studied in animals and @entity1 for their ability to lower IOP and potentially treat @entity725 . ROCK inhibitors lower IOP through a trabecular mechanism and may represent a new therapeutic paradigm for the treatment of @entity725 . AREAS COVERED: Exploring the place that ROCK inhibitors may occupy in our treatment of @entity725 requires a thorough understanding of pathophysiology and treatment. This article summarizes current research on the incidence, proposed etiologies and mechanisms of action for this drug class. ROCK inhibitor research is presented and considered in light of the current standard of pharmacologic care. EXPERT OPINION: ROCK inhibitors alter the cell shape and extracellular matrix (ECM) of the trabecular meshwork. Preclinical studies demonstrate that these drugs have the potential to become a new therapy for @entity726 . However, ROCK inhibitors can affect multiple cell types, and their utility can be proven only after clinical studies in @entity1 .

title: Rho-kinase inhibitors offer a new approach in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['POAG', 'Primary open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve damage']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: @entity1602 , but not normoglycemic @entity468 exposed to @entity519 develop @entity16 following reoxygenation including fasciculations, focal and @entity410 and @entity772 after a symptom-free period. These symptomatic @entity1602 @entity468 may develop @entity2657 and will show diffuse @entity528 or @entity4798 depending on length of survival. Brain mitochondria isolated from symptomatic but not asymptomatic @entity468 have decreased @entity857 - and uncoupler-stimulated @entity26 consumption rates. Since impaired respiration could result from altered electron transport chain function, we measured @entity33384 , b, and aa3 concentrations and the activities of the five electron transfer complexes in isolated brain mitochondria. In symptomatic @entity468 marked alterations were present in particular in complex IV, cytochrome oxidase, with a 57% reduction in activity and a 45% reduction in prosthetic group (cytochrome aa3) concentrations. Less marked reductions in other segments of the chain included 27% and 41% decreases, respectively, in @entity33384 concentrations and in electron transfer complex II, @entity4588 : @entity12931 oxidoreductase activity. @entity33385 concentrations and complex I, II and V activities were unchanged. Small but significant decreases in cytochrome aa3 concentrations (18%) and cytochrome oxidase activity (20%) were also present in mitochondria from postanoxic @entity1602 @entity468 prior to appearance of @entity16 . These results indicate that delayed decreases in the activities of specific electron transfer complexes are correlated with @entity16 in postanoxic @entity1602 @entity468 . However, it is presently unclear if these postanoxic brain mitochondrial alterations are primary or secondary events in the development of @entity1545 .

title: Delayed decreases in specific brain mitochondrial electron transfer complex activities and cytochrome concentrations following XXXX /ischemia.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity12931 :: ('MESH:D014451', 'Chemical') :: ['ubiquinone']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic signs', 'impaired mitochondrial respiration and neurologic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic', 'Hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['anoxia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of expiratory muscle strength training on both cough and swallow function in @entity64 @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective pre-post intervention trial with one @entity1 group. SETTING: Two outpatient rehabilitation clinics @entity1 : Fourteen adults with a history of @entity385 in the preceding 3 - 24 months participated in this study. INTERVENTION: Expiratory muscle strength training (EMST). The training program was completed at home and consisted of 25 repetitions per day, 5 days per week, for 5 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Baseline and post-training measures were: maximum expiratory pressure, voluntary cough airflows, reflex cough challenge to 200 M @entity2951 , sensory perception of urge-to-cough, and fluoroscopic swallow evaluation. Repeated measures and one-way analyses of variance were used to determine significant differences pre/post training. RESULTS: Maximum expiratory pressure increased in all @entity1 by an average of 30 @entity10020 O post training. At baseline, all @entity1 demonstrated a blunted reflex cough response to 200  M @entity2951 . Following 5 weeks of training, measures of urge to cough and cough effectiveness increased for reflex cough, however voluntary cough effectiveness did not increase. Swallow function was minimally impaired at baseline, and there were no significant changes in the measures of swallow function post training. CONCLUSIONS: Expiratory muscle strength training improves both expiratory muscle strength, reflex cough strength and urge-to-cough. Voluntary cough and swallow measures were not significantly different post training. It may be that @entity64 @entity1 benefit from the training for up-regulation of reflex cough and thus improved airway protection.

title: Rehabilitation of swallowing and cough functions following XXXX : an expiratory muscle strength training trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: @entity933 is an acute, reversible @entity73 and may be viewed as @entity75 similar to the failure of any other organ. The development of @entity933 is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, extended length-of-stay in the intensive care unit and longer time spent sedated and ventilated. Nearly every clinical, pharmacological and environmental factor present and necessary in the ICU setting has the potential to cause @entity933 . Since all of these factors cannot be removed, it is paramount to increase the awareness amongst health care professionals so as to minimise under-recognition and encourage future research into factors that may improve the long-term outcome for ICU @entity1 . There is a need for user-friendly, validated assessment tools for the intubated and ventilated ICU @entity1 , which can be applied at the time of ICU admission without the need for lengthy psychiatric assessment. Nursing professionals are at the forefront of those who are able to provide holistic care through meaningful conversation and empathetic touch. A 6-month Quality Improvement (QI) project screening @entity1 for signs of @entity933 provided a foundation for discussion. All @entity1 admitted to ICU for more than 72 h, with a hospital length-of-stay less than 96 h prior to ICU admission were screened. @entity1 admitted following neurological insults or with pre-existing altered mental state were excluded. The QI project showed the incidence of @entity933 to be 40% of the total sample (n = 73) in a mixed medical/surgical and elective/emergency @entity1 population.

title: Screening for XXXX in an adult intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium', 'Delirium']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of attention and cognition']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral dysfunction']

answer: @entity933 :: (MESH:D003693,Disease) :: ['delirium']


abstract: @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) serves as an important anti-oxidant in the brain by scavenging harmful reactive @entity26 species that are generated during different molecular processes. The @entity2197 level in the brain provides indirect information on oxidative stress of the brain. We report in vivo detection of @entity2197 non-invasively from various brain regions (frontal cortex, parietal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum) in bilateral hemispheres of healthy male and female subjects and from bi-lateral frontal cortices in @entity1 with @entity73 ( @entity73 ) and @entity195 ( @entity195 ). All @entity195 @entity1 who participated in this study were on medication with cholinesterase inhibitors. Healthy young male (age 26.4  3.0) and healthy young female (age 23.6  2.1) subjects have higher amount of @entity2197 in the parietal cortical region and a specific @entity2197 distribution pattern (parietal cortex>frontal cortex>hippocampus ~ cerebellum) has been found. Overall mean @entity2197 content is higher in healthy young female compared to healthy young male subjects and @entity2197 is distributed differently in two hemispheres among male and female subjects. In both young female and male subjects, statistically significant (p=0.02 for young female and p=0.001 for young male) difference in mean @entity2197 content is found when compared between left frontal cortex (LFC) and right frontal cortex (RFC). In healthy young female subjects, we report statistically significant positive correlation of @entity2197 content between RFC and LFC (r=0.641, p=0.004) as well as @entity550 ( @entity550 ) and left parietal cortex (LPC) (r=0.797, p=0.000) regions. In healthy young male subjects, statistically significant positive correlation of @entity2197 content was observed between LFC and LPC (r=0.481, p=0.032) regions. This statistical analysis implicates that in case of a high @entity2197 content in LPC of a young male, his LFC region would also contain high @entity2197 and vice versa. The difference in mean of @entity2197 content between healthy young female control and female @entity195 @entity1 in RFC region (p=0.003) and difference in mean of @entity2197 content between healthy young male control and male @entity195 @entity1 (p=0.05) in LFC region is found to be statistically significant. It is the first scientific report correlating alteration (in selective brain regions) of @entity2197 level with clinical status of male and female subjects using non-invasive imaging technique.

title: Brain oxidative stress: detection and mapping of anti-oxidant marker ' @entity2041 ' in different brain regions of healthy male/female, @entity73 and @entity195 XXXX using non-invasive magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['right parietal cortex', 'RPC']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: 1. The membrane potential responses in @entity840 coronary and mammary arteries attributable to endothelium-derived @entity842 (NO), @entity3009 (PG) and hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), and to exogenous NO and the @entity4770 analogue, iloprost, were compared at rest and when depolarized with the @entity2871 analogue, @entity2872 . 2. In the coronary artery, stimulation of the endothelium with @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) evoked hyperpolarization attributable to NO and a PG with similar pD2s at rest and in the presence of @entity2872 . However, in depolarized tissues, the pD2 of the response attributed to EDHF required a 10 fold lower concentration of @entity1617 compared with at rest. 3. In the mammary artery, lower concentrations of @entity1617 were required to evoke NO- and EDHF-dependent hyperpolarizations in depolarized mammary artery compared with at rest, while PG-dependent hyperpolarization did not occur until the concentration of @entity1617 was increased some 10 fold both at rest and in @entity2872 . 4. The smooth muscle of the coronary artery of @entity840 was some 4 fold more sensitive to exogenous NO and iloprost than was the mammary artery. 5. In conclusion, the membrane potential response in arteries at rest, that is, in the absence of constrictor, may be extrapolated to events in the presence of constrictor when NO and PG are under study. However, the sensitivity to @entity1617 and the magnitude of the hyperpolarization attributed to EDHF obtained in tissues at rest may underestimate these parameters in depolarized tissues.

title: Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization in resting and depolarized mammary and coronary arteries of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea-pig', 'guinea-pigs']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pigs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quantitative inheritance of secondary @entity570 in a @entity235 pedigree. ANIMALS: 137 Labrador Retrievers, Greyhounds, and mixed-breed @entity235 . PROCEDURES: Necropsy scores ranging from 0 to 4 were obtained for each hip joint. Seven unaffected Greyhounds with normal hip joint conformation were also used for genetic modeling, but were not euthanized. Sixty-six male and 71 female @entity235 were allocated to 2 groups (< or = 12 months of age and > 12 months of age). Statistical models were developed to establish the inheritance pattern of @entity570 that developed secondary to @entity572 . RESULTS: 62 @entity235 had evidence of @entity571 in a hip joint, and 75 had no evidence of @entity571 . After sex was adjusted for, the necropsy score was found to be inherited additively but without dominance. Each Labrador Retriever allele increased the necropsy score by 0.7 to 0.9 points, compared with the Greyhound allele, and male sex increased the necropsy score 0.74 over female sex. Approximately 10% of the variation in necropsy score was attributable to the litter of puppies' origin. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Because secondary @entity570 is inherited additively, selection pressure could be applied to reduce its incidence. Similar statistical models can be used in linkage and association mapping to detect the genes in the underlying quantitative trait loci that contribute to @entity570 .

title: Quantitative genetics of secondary XXXX in a Labrador Retriever-Greyhound pedigree.

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['hip joint osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity570 :: (MESH:D015207,Disease) :: ['hip joint osteoarthritis']


abstract: @entity2553 , cerebral metabolism and the acid-base-balance of blood and cerebrospinal fluid of @entity235 were studied during and after the experimental @entity510 . @entity510 was induced by infusion of fresh blood into the basal cistern through a small sraniectomy in the base of the skull. Eighty adult mongrel @entity235 were used. Of these a complete recording was obtained in 32 cases under the constant controlled ventilation. The samples of the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were obtained repeatedly at the inserted 1 to 3 hours from the @entity691 tube inserted into the cisterna magna subarachnoid space, carotid artery and internal jugular vein. During these procedures, the luminal size of the intracranial basal artery was measured angiographically. Vasoconstriction of the cerebral arteries in response to experimental @entity510 had a biphasic course, an acute phase (the vasoconstrictive phenomenon which lasts less than 6 hours) and chronic phase (the revasoconstriction occured and continued more than 24 hours after the @entity548 ). The former was named "Released Group" which consists of 16 @entity235 and the later was named "Prolonged Group" which consists of 20 @entity235 . In both group, pH and @entity3157 ion concentration of CSF were found to be reduced by twenty percent of the normal value on the aveaage about three hours after @entity510 , apparently reflecting occurence of early @entity2553 . Remarkable @entity520 was seen in CSF of the prolonged group as compared with in cerebral blood. The occurrence of A-V shunt was suggested in the cerebral circulation from the blood gas findings. The experimental results indicates that prolonged cerebral vasospams phenomenon causes persistent @entity519 state in the cerebral tissue. However, cellular metabolism of cerebral tissue will be probably maintained by @entity26 supply necessary to cellular respiration through the blood-brain barrier from the cerebrospinal fluid.

title: [Correlation of XXXX and intracranial metabolism under experimental @entity510 --Part 1. In reference with the acid-base-balance of cerebral blood and cerebrospinal fluid].

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrage', 'Subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral vasospasm', 'cerebral vasospasm']

answer: @entity2553 :: (MESH:D020301,Disease) :: ['vasospasm']


abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To describe discharge and unscheduled readmission patterns of adult @entity1 undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). To identify implications for nursing practice from survey results and the literature that may improve @entity1 outcomes during and following initial hospital discharge. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review and literature review. SETTING: National @entity5 Institute-designated Comprehensive @entity5 Center. SAMPLE: 100 adult @entity1 undergoing HSCT in the first six months of 2000. METHODS: Investigator-created retrospective chart-review tool collected data in three areas: demographic, clinical, and readmissions in the first six months after discharge. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Demographic variables: gender, marital status, age, and diagnosis; clinical variables: remission status at transplant, type of transplant, presence of comorbid or concurrent conditions, number of @entity281 , number of @entity1212 , number of @entity2749 , and psychosocial support; readmission variables: reason for admission, discharge or @entity204 data, number of days of each admission, and length of time between discharge to the next admission. FINDINGS: Fifty-one percent had at least one unscheduled readmission, and 80% developed an @entity281 after HSCT. Further analysis comparing autologous to allogeneic transplant recipients indicated that the allogeneic group had a higher number of readmissions, unscheduled readmissions, and @entity281 . @entity1 who reported an @entity281 within a month prior to HSCT had a 50% mortality rate after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that allogeneic transplant recipients are a more vulnerable population in regard to @entity281 and readmissions. Developing and testing nursing interventions surrounding the discharge period are needed next steps in improving care. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Knowledge of trends in this vulnerable population will guide nursing to plan targeted interventions.

title: Discharge and unscheduled readmissions of adult XXXX undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: implications for developing nursing interventions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['catheter-related infections']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremic episodes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: There have been only a few reports that evaluate the outcome of total knee arthroplasty in @entity1 with @entity134 -induced @entity2530 of the knee. We retrospectively reviewed 31 total knee arthroplasties in 24 @entity1 with confirmed @entity134 -induced @entity2530 of the knee. The average follow-up was 64 months. Of surviving knees, 92% had significant improvement in knee scores. Five knees (16%) required a revision procedure. Reasons for revision were @entity1349 in 3 knees and @entity295 in 2 knees. Complications not requiring revision occurred in 6 of 31 knees (19%). Survivorship of total knee arthroplasty to revision in @entity1 with @entity134 -induced @entity2530 of the knee was 84% at 5 years. Although there was a slightly higher complication rate, this may, in part, be due to the severity of the @entity1 ' underlying disease processes. Total knee arthroplasty can be a successful procedure for chronically ill @entity1 with @entity134 -induced @entity2530 .

title: Total knee arthroplasty for @entity134 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis', 'avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['osteonecrosis']


abstract: The labeling of chloroplast coupling factor 1 by @entity22657 ( @entity22657 ) was studied. When the enzyme was incubated with approximately 10 microM @entity22657 and 6 mM @entity8723 at pH 7.9 for approximately 20 min and passed through two Sephadex G-50 centrifuge columns, three @entity22657 molecules were bound per coupling factor molecule. Photolysis of radioactive enzyme-bound @entity22657 followed by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis and autoradiography revealed that the @entity22657 bound primarily to the beta-polypeptide. If unbound @entity22657 was not removed by centrifuge columns prior to photolysis, significant labeling of the alpha-polypeptide also occurred. After photolysis, the @entity22657 -labeled enzyme was treated with trypsin, and two radioactive peptides were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography on a C18 column. The two peptides were sequenced and found to correspond to @entity1522 360-378 and 393-397 of the beta-polypeptide. For the sequence 360-378, two specific @entity1522 were found to be radioactive (Tyr-362 and @entity2574 -369). This region of the polypeptide is highly conserved in several different species and probably corresponds to part of the @entity377 binding region of the catalytic site. In the case of @entity1522 393-397, a very low level of radioactivity was found for all @entity1522 . The significance of this peptide for the binding of @entity2036 to coupling factor 1 could not be established.

title: Amino acid sequence of the XXXX binding region of chloroplast coupling factor 1.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity22657 :: ('MESH:C033901', 'Chemical') :: ['BzATP', "3'-O-(4-benzoyl)benzoyl-ATP"]

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3852 is a rare, - @entity146 , neuroendocrine @entity5 of the skin. Over the period from June 2005 to January 2007 (18 months) 7 Merkel cell @entity189 in different @entity5 stages and localisations were treated in our department for hand, plastic and reconstructive surgery. Given an incidence rate of approximately 0.1-0.4 per 100 000 inhabitants, this accumulation of cases is considerably higher than would be statistically expected. This led us to analyse our cases retrospectively and provided the opportunity to discuss the treatment modalities on the basis of the current literature. @entity1 AND METHODS: All @entity1 were referred to our clinic after incomplete @entity5 excision and histopathological diagnosis elsewhere, for further surgical treatment. Two female and 5 male @entity1 , aged 63 to 83 years, were treated. The @entity1 ' data were collected and analysed retrospectively. RESULTS: In all cases an R0 resection could be achieved, with safety resection margins between 1.5 cm and 4.5 cm. The reconstruction of the resulting defects was achieved by skin transplants in six cases and a primary suture in one case. All @entity1 received adjuvant radiotherapy. Furthermore, three @entity1 received adjuvant chemotherapy due to metastases of the progressed @entity3852 . Three @entity1 remained free of recurrence and in two @entity1 a progression of the @entity5 disease could be impeded, whilst two @entity1 succumbed to their disease. CONCLUSIONS: In the case of an early diagnosis, an R0 resection can usually be achieved. A safety resection margin of a minimum of 1.5 cm in the face and 3 cm for localisation on the extremities should be obtained. To reduce the local recurrence rate, adjuvant radiotherapy should be conducted. The benefit from chemotherapy still remains unclear.

title: [The XXXX : a retrospective case analysis and review of the current literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity3852 :: (MESH:D015266,Disease) :: ['interdisciplinary treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma']


abstract: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that @entity1781 in @entity2743 is associated with measurable @entity2850 . Magnetic resonance appearances of 32 normal subjects and 27 @entity1 with @entity2743 were evaluated using T(1) weighted volume imaging with multiplanar reformats along the course of the optic nerve. The optic nerve diameter was measured at seven positions along its course. @entity1 with @entity1374 were evaluated clinically and categorised into those with (n = 6) and without (n = 48) @entity1781 . The mean diameter of the optic nerve in normal subjects ranged from 2.2-5.2 mm. The average orbital nerve diameter decreased the further the distance from the globe within the orbit; however, it increased within the optic canal and in the pre-chiasmal region. Optic nerve diameter in @entity1 with @entity2743 without @entity5013 was not significantly different from that of subjects with normal optic nerves. In @entity1 with @entity7995 , the optic nerve was narrower throughout the length of the nerve but narrowing was most marked in the apex of the orbit (p<0.05) and in the pre-chiasmal intracranial optic nerve (p<0.05). The normal optic nerve has a variable but predictable diameter throughout its course. In Graves' @entity1781 the diameter of the nerve is significantly reduced in the orbital apex and in the pre-chiasmal portion. The study supports the hypothesis and provides further evidence that the likely mechanism of Graves' @entity6875 is compression of the optic nerve at the apex.

title: Use of high-resolution MRI of the optic nerve in Graves' XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve compression']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmopathy']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid orbitopathy']

answer: @entity6875 :: (MESH:D049970,Disease) :: ['ophthalmopathy']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity4306 is an @entity74 which is caused by mutations in the @entity20618 gene. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to describe the penetrance and phenotype-genotype correlations of the @entity33260 ( @entity33261 ) mutation. DESIGN: Case series descriptive study. @entity1 : Forty-one members of six families from whom DNA samples were analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: In subjects with @entity33261 mutation symptoms, pancreatic @entity730 , main pancreatic duct changes, @entity6 , @entity6123 , @entity788 and surgery were recorded. RESULTS: The @entity33261 mutation was detected in 22 of the 41 family members studied, and 7 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 developed @entity660 , resulting in a penetrance of 40.9%. One out of the 9 @entity1 was excluded because she died before the mutation was detected. The mean age at symptom onset was 23.5 years (range: 4-51 years). @entity490 was present in 6 (75.0%) of the 8 @entity1 with the @entity33261 mutation who developed @entity660 . Calcifications had developed in 5 (62.5%) at a mean age of 35.8 years (range: 14-56 years). Five (62.5%) developed changes in the pancreatic ducts at a mean age of 44.2 years (range: 19-65 years). Two @entity1 (25.0%) developed @entity6123 during the follow-up at 26 and 35 years of disease progression. @entity6 developed in five @entity1 (62.5%) at a mean age of 41.4 years old (range: 22-53 years). Three of the @entity1 analyzed (37.5%) developed @entity788 at 59 years of age, 63 years of age and 70 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: Penetrance of the @entity33261 mutation is lower than that described for the @entity33262 and @entity33263 mutations, and there is a tendency toward a predominance of males with the @entity33261 mutation who developed the phenotype of @entity788 .

title: @entity4306 : clinical features and inheritance characteristics of the XXXX mutation in the @entity20618 gene ( @entity20618 ) in six Spanish families.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6123 :: ('MESH:D045602', 'Disease') :: ['steatorrhea']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic disease']

entities_list: @entity4306 :: ('MESH:C537262', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity33263 :: ('p|SUB|N|29|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['N29I']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant disease']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal pain']

answer: @entity33261 :: (p|SUB|R|122|C,ProteinMutation) :: ['R122C']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1555 is the most frequent @entity4094 in @entity1 . AIM: To determine the causes of delayed diagnosis of the disease. @entity1 AND METHODS: The clinical records of 61 @entity1 diagnosed as @entity1555 were analyzed. RESULTS: the first symptoms of the disease were noticed at a mean age of 1.5 years. Parents consulted at the mean age of 3 years, but the accurate diagnosis was made at a mean age of 5.7 years. In only 15% of @entity1 , the disease was diagnosed in the first four years of age. Less than 20% of @entity1 were referred for an adequate study and the rest were managed mainly as flat feet. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1555 is the most common @entity4094 in @entity1 , with an incidence of 1 in 3679 male newborns. The lack of recognition of non specific symptoms such as retardation in independent walking and frequent falls as forms of presentation, is probably the most important cause of diagnostic delay. Strong recommendation is made to measure creatinphosphokinase and to study every male @entity1 that is not walking independently by the age of 18 months.

title: [Delayed diagnosis of XXXX in Chile].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne progressive muscular dystrophy', 'Duchenne dystrophy', 'Duchenne muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disorder', 'neuromuscular disease']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate CT findings and incidence rate of gastric bare area involvement (GBAI), left adrenal gland involvement (LAGI) and perirenal space involvement (PSI) in acute @entity788 , and to also explore the value of these appearances in predicting complications and mortality of @entity1 . METHODS: CT imaging data of 575 @entity1 with AP diagnosed by clinic from October 2009 to April 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 339 male and 236 female @entity1 , aging from 16 to 93 years with a mean of (51    16) years. Involvement with or without gastric bare area, left adrenal gland, perirenal space were focused, and the relationship were analyzed between these CT findings and complications and mortality of @entity1 . RESULTS: Among 167 @entity1 (29.0%) with GBAI, 132 had complications and 16 died. The sensitivity and specificity of GBAI for predicting complications were 45.4% and 87.7%, respectively, and 84.2%and 72.8% for predicting mortality. In all 107 @entity1 (18.6%) with LAGI, 81 had complications and 18 died. The sensitivity and specificity of LAGI for predicting complications were 27.8% and 90.8%, respectively, and 94.7% and 84.0% for predicting mortality. Among 335 @entity1 (58.3%) with PSI, 201 had complications and 19 died. The sensitivity and specificity of PSI for predicting complications were 69.1% and 52.8%, respectively, and 100% and 43.2% for predicting mortality. Of all @entity1 , 210 (36.5%) owned two or more positive CT findings among GBAI, LAGI, and PSI. One hundred ninety-eight of these @entity1 had complications and 19 died, that predicted the sensitivity and specificity for complications were 68.0% and 95.8%, respectively, and 100% and 65.6% for mortality. The risk of complications in the @entity1 with GBAI or LAGI was increased than normal gastric bare area or left adrenal gland 5.9 or 3.8 times respectively, and the risk of @entity204 was improved 14.3 or 94.5 times respectively. The risk of complications in those @entity1 with two or more positive findings increased by 48.3 times. By analyzing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the combination of GBAI, LAGI, and PSI was the best way to predict the complications of AP. The area under the ROC was 0.819. CONCLUSIONS: The CT imaging could effectively indicate the signs of GBAI, LAGI and PSI of AP. The GBAI. LAGI and PSI were related with the severity and prognosis of AP, and these findings could be clinical indicators for evaluating prognosis of AP.

title: [The value of gastric bare area, left adrenal gland and perirenal space involvement in predicting complications of acute XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: Trapping of red blood cells (RBCs) in renal medulla vasculature in postischemic @entity810 ( @entity810 ) was found to depend upon the length of the @entity63 period. Thus trapping occurred after 45 minutes but not 25 minutes of @entity63 . By prior hemodilution to a hematocrit (hct) of 30%, RBC trapping after 45 minutes of @entity63 could be completely prevented. Likewise hemo-concentration (hct = 60%) before 25 minutes of @entity63 resulted in extensive RBC trapping. By increasing or decreasing the hct, the contribution of RBC trapping to the functional defects and @entity177 that follows minor (25 min) and more substantial (45 min) @entity63 was investigated. Renal blood flow (RBF) was measured by microspheres, and vascular and tubular pressure by the micropuncture technique. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated from inulin clearance, and tubular function from urine osmolality and @entity1372 and @entity972 excretion. It was found that postischemic RBF was not correlated to RBC trapping but depended on the length of @entity63 . After both 25 and 45 minutes of @entity63 tubular obstructions occurred in the proximal tubules and/or loops of Henle, causing an increase in proximal tubular pressure. These obstructions were dependent on the length of @entity63 but not on RBC trapping. After hemoconcentration and 25 minutes of @entity63 there was an increment in distal tubular pressure, indicating that abundant RBC trapping may contribute to an increase in tubular pressure by compression of medullary tubules and thereby reduce GFR. When the damage was more severe other factors came into play and the contribution of RBC trapping to the decrease in GFR was minimal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Nephron function in the early phase of XXXX . Significance of erythrocyte trapping.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in renal blood flow']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['ischemic renal failure']


abstract: Freshly isolated proximal tubular cells (PTC) of the @entity35 are used to study the uptake of a prototypical organic cation, @entity5128 ( @entity1041 ), and the influence of other cationic drugs on @entity1041 uptake. The time dependency of 50 microM @entity1041 uptake was determined by incubating PTC for time periods from 10 sec until 60 min. @entity1041 uptake was linear for at least 2 min and reached equilibrium after 30 min. The cell to medium ratio reached a value of 8 after 60 min, indicating marked accumulation of @entity1041 . @entity1041 uptake was concentration dependent and saturable, with an apparent Km of 63 +/- 7 microM and Vmax of 0.57 +/- 0.02 nmol/mg protein.min. In comparison with cells cultured on filters, the overall transport characteristics of @entity1041 in PTC seem to resemble basolateral to apical flux. The concentration-dependent inhibition of some H2 antagonists and various cations on 32 microM @entity1041 uptake was investigated, as well as the interaction with probenecid. Analysis of the log-concentration inhibition curves showed that @entity30520 , @entity206 , @entity6359 and @entity4444 had a high and low IC50 value, whereas @entity5616 , @entity10809 , @entity30521 , @entity30522 and probenecid had only a low IC50 value. The data reported here are comparable with those from other preparations, and it is possible to extrapolate to the @entity1 in vivo situation. Moreover, the isolation procedure is relatively simple and quick and the yield is high.

title: Organic cation transport and cationic drug interactions in freshly isolated proximal tubular cells of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity30521 :: ('MESH:C034042', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine sulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity6359 :: ('MESH:D015738', 'Chemical') :: ['famotidine']

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity30522 :: ('MESH:C024058', 'Chemical') :: ['N1-methylnicotinamide']

entities_list: @entity10809 :: ('MESH:D016567', 'Chemical') :: ['nizatidine']

entities_list: @entity30520 :: ('MESH:C010482', 'Chemical') :: ['mepiperphenidol']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate: 1. The incidence and characteristics of @entity943 on Holter monitoring and their relation to the clinical, functional and morphological aspects. 2. The survival and therapeutical efficiency of @entity2643 in a subgroup of @entity1 with @entity1165 . SETTING: Department of Cardiology in a General Hospital. METHODS: 23 @entity1 (pts) aged 19 to 74 years with an echocardiographic diagnosis of @entity296 were studied during a four year period by 24 hours Holter monitoring. @entity943 were defined according the Lown classification. @entity1 were classified according to: obstructive or nonobstructive @entity1184 (funtional groups, 11 and 12 pts respectively), asymmetric @entity1184 of the septum or ventricular concentric @entity1184 or apical @entity1184 (morphological groups, 18, 3 and 2 pts respectively). They were also classified according medical therapy (pharmacological with B-blockers or @entity460 antagonists and nonpharmacological groups, 7 and 16 pts respectively). RESULTS: the incidence of severe @entity943 was 57.1% and 62.5% in the pharmacological and nonpharmacological groups respectively. In both obstructive and nonobstructive forms, severe @entity943 were also found (7/8 pts in each group). 12 pts with asymmetric @entity1184 of the septum and 2 pts with the concentric hypertrophic form also had severe @entity943 . Five pts with nonsustained @entity1165 have been submitted to oral @entity2643 therapy in a dosage of 200 mg daily. All these pts are alive (follow-up ranged from 15 to 54 months) and in five no significant @entity943 have been detected on serial Holter records. CONCLUSIONS: the incidence of @entity943 was high in this @entity1 population and no definitive relation could be found between the severity of @entity943 and the previous described groups. Meanwhile, classic medical therapy seems not to alter the incidence and the characteristics of @entity943 . On other hand, @entity2643 therapy seems to abolish @entity1165 in a large percentage of cases and no @entity204 occurred during a significant period of time (maximal 54 months).

title: [Dysrhythmic profile and clinical aspects in a population of 23 XXXX with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'Ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Multiparametric-MRI (mp-MRI) is an evolving noninvasive imaging modality that increases the accurate localization of @entity263 at the time of MRI targeted biopsy, thereby enhancing clinical risk assessment, and improving the ability to appropriately counsel @entity1 regarding therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used MEDLINE/PubMed to conduct a comprehensive search of the English medical literature. Articles were reviewed, data was extracted, analyzed, and summarized. In this review, we discuss the mp-MRI prostate exam, its role in targeted prostate biopsy, along with clinical applications and outcomes of MRI targeted biopsies. RESULTS: Mp-MRI, consisting of T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, and possibly MR spectroscopy, has demonstrated improved specificity in @entity263 detection as compared to conventional T2-weighted images alone. An MRI suspicion score has been developed and is depicted using an institutional Likert or, more recently, a standardized reporting scale (PI-RADS). Techniques of MRI-targeted biopsy include in-gantry MRI guided biopsy, TRUS-guided visual estimation biopsy, and software co-registered MRI-US guided biopsy (MRI-US fusion). Among @entity1 with no previous biopsy, MRI-US fusion biopsy demonstrates up to a 20% increase in detection of clinically significant @entity5 compared to systematic biopsy while avoiding a significant portion of low risk disease. These data suggest a potential role in reducing over-detection and, ultimately, over-treatment. Among @entity1 with previous negative biopsy, 72-87% of @entity5 detected by MRI targeted biopsy are clinically significant. Among @entity1 with known low risk @entity5 , repeat biopsy by MR-targeting improves risk stratification in selecting @entity1 appropriate for active surveillance secondarily reducing the need for repetitive biopsy during surveillance. CONCLUSIONS: Use of mp-MRI for targeting prostate biopsies has the potential to reduce the sampling error associated with conventional biopsy by providing better disease localization and sampling. MRI-ultrasound fusion-targeted prostate biopsy may improve the identification of clinically significant @entity263 while limiting detection of indolent disease, ultimately facilitating more accurate risk stratification. Literature supports the clinical applications of MRI-targeted biopsy in @entity1 who have never been biopsied before, those with a prior negative biopsy, and those with low risk disease considering active surveillance.

title: Multiparametric MRI and targeted prostate biopsy: Improvements in XXXX detection, localization, and risk assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review and describe the clinical profile and acute in- @entity1 treatment of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity161 over a four-year period; to review and describe the documented evidence for the diagnosis of @entity161 ; and to identify possible associated or predictive factors in the acute in- @entity1 treatment outcome of @entity1 at an acute (designated for 72-hour assessments) ward - within a general hospital, Helen Joseph Hospital (HJH). METHOD: Routine discharge summaries were used in a retrospective clinical review of @entity1 with @entity161 . The demographic, clinical and treatment profile of these @entity1 were described and the documented evidence for the diagnosis of @entity161 was reviewed using descriptive and comparative statistics. Factors were evaluated to assess their association with the length of stay (LOS) as outcome variable, using "Generalized Linear Latent and Mixed Models" (GLLAMM). RESULTS: A total of 436 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity161 , @entity9528 on average about 20% of the total numbers of admissions. The overall mean LOS was 19.5 days. Considering DSM IV-TR criteria for @entity161 , @entity146 were confirmed in 71.8% (n=313), @entity132 in 29% (n=126) and thought disorders in 83.5% (n=364). The duration of symptoms were specified in 68% (n=298) @entity1 . Age (p<0.001), gender (p<0.019), @entity734 (p<0.019) and follow-up referral (p<0.000) were significantly associated with LOS. CONCLUSION: The study contributed by identifying these predictive indicators for the acute in- @entity1 treatment outcome of @entity1 with @entity161 . Future standard operational procedures for diagnostic and treatment processes in acute wards may have to include structured interviews in order to enhance the quality of the routine process of diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 with @entity161 .

title: Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX in a general hospital based acute @entity146 ward.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['perceptual disturbances']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavior problems']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity9528 :: ('MESH:D005878', 'Disease') :: ['constituting']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that endocardial @entity955 , using lead configurations specifically designed for @entity67 , is feasible but the substantial @entity1 discomfort might prevent the widespread use of the technique unless significant improvements in shock tolerability are achieved. It has been suggested that the peak voltage or the peak current but not the total energy delivered determines the @entity1 @entity158 perception and therefore, lower defibrillating voltage and current achieved with modifications in lead and waveforms may @entity1457 . This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect, on the @entity955 threshold (ADFT), of the addition of a patch electrode (mimicking the can electrode) to the right ventricle (RV)-superior vena cava ( @entity6480 ) lead configuration. The influence of capacitor size on ADFT using the RV- @entity6480 +skin patch configuration was also assessed. METHODS: In 10 @entity1 (pts) (Group 1) cardioversion thresholds were evaluated using biphasic shocks in two different configurations: 1) right ventricle (RV) to superior vena cava ( @entity6480 ); 2) RV to @entity6480 +skin patch. In a second group of twelve @entity1 (Group 2) @entity955 thresholds of biphasic waveforms that differed with the total capacitance (90 or 170 microF) were assessed using the RV to @entity6480 +skin patch configuration. RESULTS: In Group 1 AF was terminated in 10/10 pts (100 %) with both configurations. There was no significant difference in delivered energy at the defibrillation threshold between the two configurations (7.1 +/- 5.1 J vs 7.1 +/- 2.6 J; p < 0.05). In group 2 AF was terminated in 12/12 pts (100%) with both waveforms. The 170 microF waveform provided a significantly lower defibrillating voltage (323.7 +/- 74.6 V vs 380 +/- 70.2 V; p < 0.03) and current (8.1 +/- 2.7 A vs 10.0 +/- 2.3 A; p < 0.04) than the 90 microF waveform. All pts, in both groups, perceived the shock of the lowest energy tested (180 V) as @entity158 or uncomfortable. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of a patch electrode to the RV- @entity6480 lead configuration does not reduce the ADFT. Shocks from larger capacitors defibrillate with lower voltage and current but pts still perceive low energy subthreshold shocks as @entity158 or uncomfortable.

title: Effect of electrode configuration and capacitor size on internal XXXX threshold using leads currently used for @entity67 .

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['increase shock tolerability']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial defibrillation']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular defibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial defibrillation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study is to evaluate blood @entity3409 levels (BCLs) in Chinese adults and explore whether blood @entity3409 is associated with @entity6 or @entity28 . This study included 5544 adults from a cross-sectional SPECT-China study. BCL and blood lead level (BLL) was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) was used to define @entity5710 and @entity6 . Overweight and @entity28 were defined by body mass index (BMI). The associations of BCL with @entity5710 , @entity6 , overweight, and @entity28 were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression analyses. Medians (interquartile range) of BCL were 1.97   g/L (0.60-3.82) in @entity1 and 1.59   g/L (0.54-3.51) in @entity1 . Subjects in low-economic-status areas and urban areas had significantly higher BCL. BCL in current smokers was significantly higher than in current non-smokers. In the adjusted model, a mild positive relationship between BCL and FPG was found. Meanwhile, the prevalence of @entity5710 was increased according to the increase in BCL tertiles. Surprisingly, BCL had a negative relationship with prevalence of overweight. In conclusion,  BCL in Chinese adults was much higher than in other developed countries and was influenced by gender, smoking, and residential area. BCL was positively related to @entity5710 while negatively related to overweight.

title: Blood XXXX in Chinese adults and its relationships with @entity6 and @entity28 .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3409 :: (MESH:D002104,Chemical) :: ['cadmium']


abstract: @entity735 of the @entity1 vestibuloocular reflex during @entity400 and active @entity717 . The effect of vertical eye-in-head position on the compensatory eye rotation response to @entity400 and active high acceleration @entity717 was examined in eight normal @entity1 subjects. The stimuli consisted of brief, low amplitude (15-25 degrees ), high acceleration (4,000-6,000 degrees /s2) @entity717 with respect to the trunk (peak velocity was 150-350 degrees /s). Eye and @entity717 were recorded in three-dimensional space using the magnetic search coil technique. The input-output kinematics of the three-dimensional vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) were assessed by finding the difference between the inverted eye velocity vector and the head velocity vector (both referenced to a head-fixed coordinate system) as a time series. During @entity400 head impulses, the head and eye velocity axes aligned well with each other for the first 47 ms after the onset of the stimulus, regardless of vertical eye-in-head position. After the initial 47-ms period, the degree of alignment of the eye and head velocity axes was modulated by vertical eye-in-head position. When fixation was on a target 20 degrees up, the eye and head velocity axes remained well aligned with each other. However, when fixation was on targets at 0 and 20 degrees down, the eye velocity @entity2270 tilted forward relative to the head velocity @entity2270 . During active head impulses, the @entity2270 tilt became apparent within 5 ms of the onset of the stimulus. When fixation was on a target at 0 degrees, the velocity axes remained well aligned with each other. When fixation was on a target 20 degrees up, the eye velocity @entity2270 tilted backward, when fixation was on a target 20 degrees down, the eye velocity @entity2270 tilted forward. The findings show that the VOR compensates very well for head motion in the early part of the response to unpredictable high acceleration stimuli-the eye position- dependence of the VOR does not become apparent until 47 ms after the onset of the stimulus. In contrast, the response to active high acceleration stimuli shows eye position-dependence from within 5 ms of the onset of the stimulus. A model using a VOR-Listing's law compromise strategy did not accurately predict the patterns observed in the data, raising questions about how the eye position-dependence of the VOR is generated. We suggest, in view of recent findings, that the phenomenon could arise due to the effects of fibromuscular pulleys on the functional pulling directions of the rectus muscles.

title: XXXX of the @entity1 vestibuloocular reflex during @entity400 and active @entity717 .

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['Vertical eye position-dependence']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['head rotations', 'yaw head rotations']

answer: @entity735 :: (MESH:D005124,Disease) :: ['Vertical eye position-dependence']


abstract: In summary, @entity3039 (as defined here) should be treated initially with glucocorticoids unless there is life-threatening @entity548 (such as @entity510 ), in which case emergency splenectomy is indicated, since it generally gives the most prompt improvement in platelet count of all modes of the disease and to better define the cause of the @entity882 . A complete, sustained remission following treatment with @entity230 may occasionally be obtained. In most cases the @entity134 response is transient, and splenectomy is the most definitive measure with respect to a lifelong cure. Complete clinical cure is obtained in 70-80% of instances following splenectomy, with a very low operative risk. The remainder either fail to respond or experience relapse. In this group of @entity1 @entity230 should again be tried; if a good response is obtained, @entity230 should be given every second or third day to lessen long-term side effects. If these measures fail, the use of immunosuppressive agents is justified. Both @entity17074 and @entity786 are especially useful. Vinca alkaloids act more promptly, but @entity786 may have a more lasting effect. @entity500 may also be used; however, it appears to yield a lower remission rate. Nonsteroidal immunosuppressive agents should not be used as the primary modality of therapy. And, due to their carcinogenic and teratogenic potential, they should be avoided, if possible, especially in @entity1 and in @entity1 during their childbearing years.

title: Treatment of XXXX ( @entity3039 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity17074 :: ('MESH:D014748', 'Chemical') :: ['vinca alkaloids']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['Azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']


abstract: The intravaginal application of @entity1421 for preinduction cervical ripening has proved to be advantageous in the management of @entity1 with an unfavorable cervix. The purpose of this double-blind randomized investigation was to compare the efficacy and safety of two methods of @entity1421 delivery. @entity1 who were to have preinduction cervical ripening because of an unfavorable cervix (Bishop score less than or equal to 4) were randomly assigned to be given a single dose of @entity1421 as either 2.5 mg of gel or a 3.0 mg "chip" intravaginally in a placebo-controlled manner. Sixty-nine @entity1 received the active @entity1421 , 34 in the gel group and 35 in the "chip" group. The groups were similar in maternal age, race, parity, gestational age, and initial Bishop score. Both forms of @entity1421 were easy to administer and helpful in priming an unfavorable cervix. The need for, duration of, and maximum dose of @entity398 were similar in both groups. Cesarean delivery because of @entity11252 occurred in 5 of 35 (14.3%) @entity1 receiving a "chip" and 4 of 34 (11.8%) receiving the gel. However, @entity1 receiving a "chip" experienced a 20% (7/35) incidence of hyperstimulation, compared with 2.9% (1/36) in those receiving the gel (p less than 0.05). The only case requiring immediate cesarean delivery because of intractable uterine hyperstimulation received a "chip." We conclude that both methods were effective for cervical ripening, but the lower incidence of uterine hyperstimulation seen with the gel would suggest that it is preferable to the "chip."

title: Double-blind comparison of intravaginal XXXX gel and "chip" for preinduction cervical ripening.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity11252 :: ('MESH:D055111', 'Disease') :: ['failed induction']

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E2']


abstract: @entity801 (G) and @entity2176 (V) concentrations in drainage fluids obtained from @entity1 during the first 24 hours after implantation of antibiotic-loaded polymethylmethacrylate ( @entity4625 ) spacers in two-stage revision of infected total hip arthroplasty were studied. The inhibitory activity of drainage fluids against different multiresistant clinical isolates was investigated as well. Seven hips were treated by implantation of industrial G-loaded spacers. @entity2176 was added by manually mixing with @entity4625 bone cement. Serum and drainage fluid samples were collected 1, 4, and 24 hours after spacer implantation. Antibiotics concentrations and drains bactericidal titer of combination were determined against multiresistant staphylococcal strains. The release of G and V from @entity4625 cement at the site of infection was prompt and effective. Serum levels were below the limit of detection. The local release kinetics of G and V from @entity4625 cement was similar, exerting a pronounced, combined inhibitory effect in the implant site. The inhibitory activity of drainage fluids showed substantial intersubject variability related to antibiotic concentrations and differed according to the pathogens tested. @entity801 and @entity2176 were released from temporary hip spacers at bactericidal concentrations, and their use in combination exerted strong inhibition against @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 and Coagulase Negative Staphylococci strains.

title: Release of XXXX and @entity2176 from preformed spacers in infected total hip arthroplasties: measurement of concentrations and inhibitory activity in @entity1 ' drainage fluids and serum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['Gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin', 'Vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Mesenteric and carotid arteries from the @entity1225 /D)-adrenoceptor knockout ( @entity1225 /D)-KO) were employed to isolate @entity33572 pharmacology and location and to reveal these features in the @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 . EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Functional pharmacology by wire myography and receptor localization by confocal microscopy, using the fluorescent alpha(1)-adrenoceptor ligand @entity33573 (QAPB), on mesenteric (an ' @entity33572 ' tissue) and carotid (an ' @entity33574 ' tissue) arteries. KEY RESULTS: @entity1225 /D)-KO mesenteric arteries showed straightforward @entity33572 agonist/antagonist pharmacology. @entity164 had complex pharmacology with @entity1226 )- and @entity33574 components. @entity1225 /D)-KO had a larger @entity33572 response suggesting compensatory up-regulation: no increase in fluorescent ligand binding suggests up-regulation of signalling. @entity1225 /D)-KO carotid arteries had low efficacy @entity33572 responses. @entity164 had complex pharmacology consistent with co-activation of all three subtypes. Fluorescent binding had straightforward @entity33572 characteristics in both arteries of @entity1225 /D)-KO. Fluorescent binding varied between cells in relative intracellular and surface distribution. Total fluorescence was reduced in the @entity1225 /D)-KO due to fewer smooth muscle cells showing fluorescent binding. @entity164 binding was greater and sensitive to @entity1226 )- and @entity33574 antagonists. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The straightforward pharmacology and fluorescent binding in the @entity1225 /D)-KO was used to interpret the properties of the @entity33572 in the @entity164 . Reduced total fluorescence in @entity1225 /D)-KO arteries, despite a clear difference in the functionally dominant subtype, indicates that measurement of receptor protein is unlikely to correlate with function. Fewer cells bound QAPB in the @entity1225 /D)-KO suggesting different cellular phenotypes of @entity33572 exist. The @entity1225 /D)-KO provides robust assays for the @entity33572 and takes us closer to understanding multi-receptor subtype interactions.

title: The alpha 1B/D-adrenoceptor knockout XXXX permits isolation of the vascular @entity33572 and elucidates its relationship to the other subtypes.

entities_list: @entity33573 :: ('MESH:C412306', 'Chemical') :: ['BODIPY FL-Prazosin']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity854 are commonly found during @entity3378 treatment. Although these changes appear reversible after drug withdrawal this may result in @entity1960 . Animal studies suggest that @entity2983 , the active component of @entity3378 , does not impair fertility. Sixteen @entity1 with quiescent @entity31 were studied. Each @entity1 produced three samples of semen at weekly intervals. Of the 48 samples analysed 39.6% showed @entity6660 , 41.7% showed an increased number of abnormal forms and 91.7% showed @entity1319 . Nine @entity1 substituted enteric coated @entity2983 ( @entity2983 ) for @entity3378 for a minimum period of three months. During this time one @entity1 developed a salmonella associated @entity1960 ; the others remained well. Improvement in sperm count (p less than 0.02), motility (p less than 0.001) and morphology (p less than 0.02) occurred in all cases. To date, four successful pregnancies have resulted, three in couples complaining of long term @entity249 . Treatment with enteric-coated @entity2983 allows the recovery of @entity854 induced by @entity3378 in @entity1 with @entity1960 .

title: @entity3378 induced XXXX in @entity31 : results of @entity2983 substitution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis relapse', 'colitis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['seminal abnormalities', 'Seminal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphasalazine']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['oligospermia']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylic acid', 'mesalazine']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['impaired motility']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['seminal abnormalities']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and efficacy of @entity3062 used in combination with @entity2177 or @entity2177 alone for the treatment of travelers' @entity294 . DESIGN: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. SETTING: United States Army hospital in Egypt. @entity1 : United States military personnel with travelers' @entity294 (n = 104) during a military exercise in November 1989. @entity1 who were noncompliant, had @entity294 , or had received antidiarrheal medications before entry into the study were excluded. INTERVENTIONS: All @entity1 with travelers' @entity294 were treated with @entity2177 , 500 mg twice daily for 3 days. Fifty of these @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive @entity3062 , a 4-mg first dose and 2 mg for every loose stool (as much as 16 mg/d), and 54 were randomly assigned to receive placebo. MEASUREMENTS: Enterotoxigenic @entity526 was isolated from 57% of @entity1 ; @entity5746 , seen in 4% and 2% of @entity1 , respectively, were not common. MAIN RESULTS: After 24 hours, the symptoms of 82% of @entity1 in the @entity2177 and @entity3062 group compared with 67% in the @entity2177 and placebo group had improved or fully recovered (odds ratio, 2.3; 95% CI, 0.8 to 6.3; P = 0.08). After 48 hours, the symptoms of 90% of both groups had improved or fully recovered. The mean number of stools for those receiving @entity3062 was not much lower than those who did not receive @entity3062 after 24 hours (1.9 +/- 0.2 [SE] compared with 2.6 +/- 0.2) or 48 hours (3.1 +/- 0.3 compared with 4.0 +/- 0.3) of treatment (P = 0.19). CONCLUSIONS: In a region where enterotoxigenic @entity526 was the predominant cause of travelers' @entity294 , @entity3062 combined with @entity2177 was not better than treatment with @entity2177 alone. @entity3062 appeared to have some benefit in the first 24 hours of treatment in @entity1 infected with enterotoxigenic @entity526 . Both regimens were safe.

title: Treatment of travelers' @entity294 : XXXX plus @entity3062 compared with @entity2177 alone. A placebo-controlled, randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Persons', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'bloody diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Shigella and Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity3062 :: ('MESH:D008139', 'Chemical') :: ['loperamide', 'Loperamide']

answer: @entity2177 :: (MESH:D002939,Chemical) :: ['ciprofloxacin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-dose @entity1199 ( @entity2033 @entity1199 ) is known to produce durable responses in @entity320 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of @entity320 to treatment with @entity2033 @entity1199 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on all adult @entity1 with @entity320 treated with @entity2033 @entity1199 from January 2000 to October 2008 at the University of Minnesota. @entity2033 @entity1199 was given intravenously every 8 hours at 600,000 IU/kg for a maximum of 14 doses per course. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 with @entity320 had been treated with @entity2033 @entity1199 . There were 4 @entity1 exhibiting some response, with 1 complete response (CR), 1 partial response (PR), 1 @entity325 ( @entity325 ) and 2 @entity66 ( @entity66 ). Average @entity74 ( @entity74 ) was 5.67 months. Two @entity1 had complete resolution of @entity75 after @entity2033 @entity1199 therapy. One of these @entity1 experienced CR and is disease free 34 months after stopping therapy. The other @entity1 experienced @entity325 and is currently alive with disease, but without recurrence of @entity75 . Twelve out of the 15 @entity1 received 2 courses of therapy. Common grade (G) 3 and 4 adverse events included: @entity3638 (G 3=26.67%), @entity551 (G 3=6.67%, G 4=6.67%), @entity4 (G 3=26.67%), and @entity3126 (G 3=13.33%). CONCLUSION: We propose further evaluation of @entity2033 @entity1199 in @entity1 with brain metastases because this @entity1 population is typically considered ineligible for @entity2033 @entity1199 therapy.

title: Single-institution outcome of high-dose @entity1199 ( @entity2033 @entity1199 ) therapy for XXXX and analysis of favorable response in brain metastases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral edema']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'mixed response']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['time to disease progression', 'TTDP']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic melanoma', 'stage IV melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['metastatic melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sydenham's @entity4790 (SC) occurs in 26% of @entity1 with @entity4789 ( @entity4789 ). Despite usually being described as a self-limited condition, few reports indicate that SC may persist in rare subjects. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the proportion of subjects with SC lasting more than 2 years and if clinical features differentiate @entity1 with SC with a duration of less than 2 years (Group 1) from those with SC lasting more than 2 years (Group 2). METHODS: Prospective assessment of all @entity1 with SC seen at our service from July 1993 through March 1998 analyzing the following: gender; age at onset; frequency of @entity625 , @entity2401 , family history of @entity4789 and SC; topographic distribution; and @entity4790 severity on a 0-4 scale. RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity1 (19 female, 13 male) were studied. In Group 1 (16 subjects, 50%) the follow-up period was 36.2 +/- 20.0 months; 50% were female; age at onset was 10.9 +/- 2.6 years; @entity625 and @entity2401 were present in 37.5% and 31.2%, respectively; family history of SC was reported by 18.7%; hemichorea was seen in 25.8% of subjects; and the mean intensity of @entity4790 was 2.6 +/- 0.8. In Group 2, with a follow-up period of 34.1 +/- 18.9 months, 68.8% were female; age at onset was 9.3 +/- 3.9 years; @entity625 and @entity2401 were diagnosed in 18.7% and 50%, respectively; no @entity1 reported a family history of SC; hemichorea was observed in 6.2% of subjects; and the mean intensity of @entity4790 was 2.8 +/- 0.5. No difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: SC persists in half of our @entity1 . Female gender, possibly related to endocrine factors, as well as the presence of @entity2401 , indicating a more severe disease, may be risk factors for a longer duration of SC.

title: Persistent Sydenham's XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['RF', 'rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

answer: @entity4790 :: (MESH:D002819,Disease) :: ['chorea']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Isolated @entity3665 (ITA) is a newly-defined pathological entity with a still-unknown etiopathology and with some potential relationship to IgG4-related @entity262 . We investigated @entity1 on whom the ascending aorta was operated to identify the clinical and histopathological features of ITA and its relationship to IgG4-related @entity262 . METHODS: Two hundred fifty-one @entity1 underwent replacement of the ascending aorta. Retrospective review of all histological reports was done to identify noninfectious @entity3665 . Immunohistochemical analysis of resected specimens was performed in all cases. RESULTS: We found 11 (4.4%) @entity1 with noninfectious @entity3665 aged 52 to 79 years; nine of the @entity1 were female. All @entity1 underwent ascending aorta replacement. The 30-day mortality was 0. During the follow-up period (median 12 months) four @entity1 died (two of them because of progression of @entity2333 ). None of the seven living @entity1 developed any IgG4-related diseases, and all had normal serum levels of IgG and IgG4. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment of ITA has acceptable short- and mid-term results. Because follow-up serum levels of IgG and IgG4 were normal in survivors, postoperative corticosteroid therapy may not be indicated in @entity1 in the absence of active @entity1333 .

title: Repair of thoracic aortic aneurysm due to noninfectious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity3665 :: ('MESH:D001025', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortitis', 'aortitis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic disease']

answer: @entity3665 :: (MESH:D001025,Disease) :: ['aortitis']


abstract: A total of 1488 examinations of the conjunctival content of @entity1 with various @entity66 were performed within 5 years (1973--1977). 989 (66.4 per cent) cultures were isolated. Staphylococci were isolated in 79.2 per cent of the @entity1 irrespective of the diagnosis. The plasma-coagulating strains were isolated in 43.6 per cent of the @entity1 with acute @entity2024 . The plasma-negative staphylococci were more frequent in chronic @entity2024 (83.5 per cent). A total of 188 strains were studied according to 18 tests. Determination of the antibiotic sensitivity showed that the number of the @entity3397 and @entity803 resistant strains among the plasma-coagulating staphylococci was higher in the @entity1 with acute @entity66 . In chronic @entity2024 no differences in the antibiotic sensitivity of the plasma-coagulating and plasma-negative strains were noted. Similar antibiotic sensitivity of all plasma-negative staphylococci irrespective of the diagnosis was found. High biological activity of the plasma-negative staphylococci was shown: 74.1 per cent of the isolates possessed phosphatase, 59.8 per cent possessed protease and 88.4 per cent a lysozyme-like enzyme. The strains isolated in chronic @entity2024 produced protease more frequently that those isolated in acute @entity66 .

title: [Comparative characteristics of the antibioticograms and biological properties of the staphylococci isolated from XXXX with various eye diseases].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmic diseases']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['benzylpenicillin']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to examine if oral administration of @entity4022 -X-Y repeat sequences alleviates disease activity in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). The study had a randomized, placebo controlled and double blind design with a wash-out/cross-over between the two 3-months long treatment periods. A total of 40 @entity1 entered and 36 @entity1 fulfilled the study, among them 16 started with the active drug and 20 with a placebo. Disease activity score (DAS) was used as the primary outcome measure with several secondary outcome variables. Type I or alpha error of 0.05 was accepted and the power (= 1-beta) was set to 80%, which according to the power analysis was also achieved. With active drug treatment, joint @entity4 score (54 count; P < 0.001), Ritchie's index (P < 0.01) and DAS (P < 0.001) improved. HAQ also improved (P < 0.05), but there was no improvement in the subjective condition of the @entity1 as measured with the self-reported @entity158 Disability Index and Comprehensible Psychopathological Rating scale questionnaires. Apparently, 5/36 @entity1 had a response of > or = 1.2 in DAS and 33/36 changed for the better; DAS impaired only in 3/36 @entity1 during the active drug treatment When the stringent EU response criteria were applied and the results were compared to the placebo group, the response was not clinically significant. We conclude that @entity4022 -X-Y repeat sequences are not effective as used in the present study. However, this does not definitely disprove the value of the @entity4022 -X-Y repeat sequences, because confounding effects of dosage, concomitant medication and excessive degradation of the linear @entity4022 -X-Y sequences in the stomach, gut or by phagolysosomes could not be adequately controlled. The discrepancy between the favourable effects in the preliminary, open pilot study and the controlled clinical trial emphasizes the value of the DAS, EU response criteria and adequately administered controlled clinical studies.

title: @entity4022 -X-Y repeat sequences in the treatment of active XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']