abstract: BACKGROUND: We examined four @entity1 who exhibited both @entity4816 and elevated serum IgD levels. @entity1596 caused by Beh  et's disease is also associated with high levels of serum IgD. Therefore, the clinical features of these @entity1 were investigated and the possible relationship between @entity4816 and elevated serum IgD was examined after undertaking a study of increased IgD levels in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1596 . METHODS: The study population was composed of 110 @entity1 : 49 with Beh  et's disease, 15 with @entity370 , 10 with @entity7375 , and 36 with other forms of @entity1596 . IgD measurements were performed using modifications of the latex photometric immunoassay. Surface IgD (sIgD) expression in peripheral lymphocytes was determined by immunofluorescence, and the correlation between serum IgD levels and the percentage of sIgD-positive cells was examined. RESULTS: Twelve of the 110 @entity1 had an elevated serum IgD. Eight of the 12 had Beh  et's disease, and 4 were diagnosed with @entity4816 . These 4 @entity1 were HLA-A24+ females whose ages ranged from 8 to 25 years. A linear correlation between the serum IgD levels and the percentage of sIgD-positive cells was found. CONCLUSION: @entity4754 D state was found in Beh  et's disease and @entity4816 . These diseases may represent a new clinical entity characterized by signs of @entity4816 and @entity4754 D that results from abnormal B cell activation and immune complex-mediated responses.

title: @entity4754 D in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['Uveitis', 'uveitis']

entities_list: @entity4754 :: ('MESH:D006942', 'Disease') :: ['hyperimmunoglobulinemia', 'Hyperimmunoglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity7375 :: ('MESH:D014607', 'Disease') :: ['Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity4816 :: ('MESH:D031300', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vasculitis', 'idiopathic retinal vasculitis']

answer: @entity4816 :: (MESH:D031300,Disease) :: ['idiopathic retinal vasculitis']


abstract: @entity902 -based, especially @entity900 -based chemotherapy is still the backbone of combination chemotherapy for advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Several combinations of @entity900 -or @entity3003 -based chemotherapy are widely used in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 . However, @entity900 is associated with considerable @entity137 and large amount of fluid infusion that may lead to reluctance on the part of both physicians and @entity1 to accept @entity900 -based chemotherapy for incurable @entity1149 . @entity3003 has also been a widely used agent in the treatment of @entity1149 instead of @entity900 . However, it is controversial whether @entity3003 has the same activity as @entity900 or not. Several reports showed that @entity3003 was not superior but almost equal to @entity900 in terms of survival. Third generation agents have been developed in the past decades including @entity136 , @entity1311 , @entity1205 , @entity1206 and @entity2600 . All of them have promising levels of anti- @entity5 activity for @entity1149 and the development of non- @entity902 -based chemotherapy was expected. Several randomized trials and meta-analysis have compared @entity902 -based combination chemotherapy with non- @entity902 chemotherapy based on various combinations of these third generation agents. The analysis of these trials indicated that non- @entity902 based chemotherapy was not superior to @entity902 -based chemotherapy for survival time but less @entity137 . Third-generation-based non- @entity902 combinations are still treatment options for advanced @entity1149 @entity1 who are not eligible for @entity902 -based chemotherapy.

title: [Non- XXXX based chemotherapy in advanced @entity1149 ].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum', 'platinum']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laryngoscopy and intubation increases blood pressure and heart rate. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to investigate the effect and safety of @entity2682 , @entity7368 or their combination on the haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation. METHODS: A total of 72 @entity1 undergoing elective surgery were randomly allocated to one of the four groups. First study drug was administered orally as @entity2682 1200mg or placebo. Second study drug was administered intravenously as @entity7368 1.5mg/ kg or normal saline. Heart rate, rate pressure product, systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were recorded at baseline and at zero, one, three and five minutes after tracheal intubation. RESULTS: Baseline values were compared with the values at various time intervals within the same group. In group PE (placebo, @entity7368 ), there was significant decrease in heart rate and rate pressure product at five minutes. In group GN ( @entity2682 , normal saline), there was significant @entity551 and mean arterial pressure at five minutes. In group GE ( @entity2682 , @entity7368 ), there was significant decrease in heart rate at zero, three and five minutes. Systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and rate pressure product was significantly lower at three and five minutes. In group @entity6841 (placebo, normal saline), there was significant increase in heart rate at zero, one, three and five minutes; systolic blood pressure at zero and one minutes; mean arterial pressure at zero and one minutes and rate pressure product at zero, one and three minutes. In group GN ( @entity2682 , normal saline), there was significant increase in heart rate at zero, one and three minutes and rate pressure product at zero, one and three minutes. In group PE (placebo, @entity7368 ), there was significant @entity101 at zero and one minutes and mean arterial pressure at zero and one minutes. However, in group GE ( @entity2682 , @entity7368 ) none of the variables showed statistically significant increase at any time. Inter-group comparison was made for each time point. At zero minute, there was significant difference in heart rate between groups @entity6841 and GE, GN and PE and GN and GE Significant difference was also noted in rate pressure product between @entity6841 and GE at zero minute. At one minute there was difference in heart rate between @entity6841 and PE, @entity6841 and GE, GN and PE and between GN and GE. Significant difference was observed in rate pressure product between @entity6841 and PE amd between @entity6841 and GE at one minute. No significant side effects of the study drugs were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Combination of @entity2682 and @entity7368 in this study design is safe and better attenuates both the pressor and tachycardic response to laryngoscopy and intubation, than either agent alone.

title: Use of XXXX , @entity7368 or their combination to attenuate haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in systolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in systolic blood pressure']

answer: @entity2682 :: (MESH:C040029,Chemical) :: ['gabapentin']


abstract: @entity28 and @entity28 related diseases are a major public health problem. Recent studies have shown that fat tissue is not a simple energy storage organ, but exerts important endocrine and immune functions. These are achieved predominantly through release of adipocytokines, which include several novel and highly active molecules released abundantly by adipocytes like leptin, resistin, @entity1254 or @entity26156 , as well as some more classical cytokines released possibly by inflammatory cells infiltrating fat, like @entity310 , @entity650 , @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ), @entity1192 . All of those molecules may act on immune cells leading to local and generalized @entity32 and may also affect vascular (endothelial) function by modulating vascular @entity842 and @entity224 release and mediating @entity28 related @entity455 (including @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity731 , and insulin resistance) but also @entity5 or @entity1561 . Present review, in a concise form, focuses on the effects of major adipocytokines, characteristic for adipose tissue like leptin, @entity1254 , resistin and @entity26156 on the immune system, particularly innate and adaptive immunity as well as on blood vessels. Macrophages and T cells are populating adipose tissue which develops into almost an organized immune organ. Activated T cells further migrate to blood vessels, kidney, brain and other organs surrounded by infiltrated fat leading to their damage, thus providing a link between @entity209 , @entity32 and cardiovascular and other associated disorders. Ceretain treatments may lead to significant changes in adipocytokine levels. For example include @entity2162 agonists, @entity12721 as well as @entity3800 lead to decrease of plasma leptin levels. Moreover future treatments of metabolic system associated disorders should focus on the regulation of adipocytokines and their modes of action.

title: Adipocytokines - novel link between XXXX and vascular function?

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disorders']

entities_list: @entity2162 :: ('154', 'Gene') :: ['beta-2 adrenoreceptor']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity12721 :: ('MESH:D045162', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazolidinediones']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: @entity1945 ( @entity9919 ) is an important anti- @entity5 drug that inhibits @entity41938 . A sensitive and robust liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method that potentially determines @entity9919 in @entity235 plasma is needed for a bioequivalence study of @entity9919 formulations. We developed and validated LC-MS/MS to evaluate @entity9919 in @entity235 plasma in terms of specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, stability, extraction recovery and matrix effect. Plasma samples were treated with an Ostro(TM) sorbent plate (a robust and effective tool) to eliminate phospholipids and proteins before analysis. @entity9919 and @entity9800 (internal standard) were separated on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (1.7     m, 2.1       50   mm) with 0.1% @entity5189 and @entity1042 as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.25   mL/min. @entity9919 was analyzed using positive ion electrospray ionization in multiple-reaction monitoring mode. The obtained lower limit of quantitation was 1   ng/mL (signal-to-noise ratio   >   10). The standard calibration curve for @entity9919 was linear (correlation coefficient   >   0.99) at the concentration range of 1-400   ng/mL. The intra-day and inter-day precision, accuracy, stability, extraction recovery and matrix effect of @entity9919 were within the acceptable limits. The validated method was successfully applied in a bioequivalence study of @entity9919 in healthy @entity235 .

title: Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for topotecan determination in XXXX plasma and its application in a bioequivalence study.

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['beagle dog', 'beagle dogs']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid']

entities_list: @entity9800 :: ('MESH:D002166', 'Chemical') :: ['camptothecin']

entities_list: @entity1945 :: ('MESH:D019772', 'Chemical') :: ['Topotecan']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['beagle dog']


abstract: Distinguishing mucinous from nonmucinous cystic lesions of the pancreas often constitutes a diagnostic dilemma. The clinical management differs between such lesions; therefore it is important to make an accurate preoperative diagnosis. Various centers have reported conflicting results regarding their ability to detect @entity3558 -producing neoplastic cells and appropriately reach a diagnosis based on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided FNA. The aim of this study is to assess the ability of EUS-FNA cytology to diagnose and differentiate mucinous from nonmucinous @entity660 . We reviewed records of @entity1 who underwent EUS of @entity660 . If FNA was performed and mucinous @entity5 was suspected, aspirate was evaluated for cytomorphology and presence of @entity3558 . FNA results were compared to final histologic diagnosis if surgery was performed. Cytologic diagnosis was provided for 28/30 (93%). By comparing EUS-FNA diagnoses with final surgical pathology, FNA accurately diagnosed in 10/11 cases with sensitivity and specificity for detection of malignancy of 100 and 89, respectively, while the accuracy for identification of mucinous @entity5 was 100%. Our results indicate that in the appropriate clinical and imaging setting, EUS-FNA cytology with analysis for @entity3558 production by @entity5 cells is an important test in distinguishing @entity660 and guiding further management.

title: The role of endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration in distinguishing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cystic neoplasms', 'neoplasm']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cystic lesions']


abstract: A model system using a transformed @entity235 kidney cell line (Madin-Darby @entity235 kidney), has been established for studying the process of differentiation. Glucagon responsiveness can be restored to these transformed cells by various differentiation inducers, including @entity1421 . Glucagon response was measured in terms of the ability of glucagon to stimulate @entity268 production. Induction of glucagon sensitivity seems to be mediated by @entity268 . The ability of various @entity3009 analogs to elevate the @entity268 level correlates closely with their ability to induce glucagon sensitivity. In fact, @entity7410 is also a potent inducer. To define the nature of this @entity268 -mediated process, we identified several inhibitors of this induction process. These differentiation inhibitors include serum, @entity4621 , and @entity20551 . These inhibitors do not have a direct effect on @entity268 production by cells in the presence or absence of hormones. Furthermore, induction by @entity7410 is also inhibited by these agents. Therefore, the site of inhibition is located beyond the point of @entity268 production. Possible interaction between @entity268 - and @entity20551 -dependent phosphorylations is discussed.

title: Induction of glucagon sensitivity in a transformed kidney cell line by @entity1421 and its inhibition by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity20551 :: ('403657(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

answer: @entity20551 :: (403657(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mutations in @entity470 ( @entity470 ), as well as in the @entity470 downstream target @entity984 are frequently observed in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), an independent risk factor for developing @entity1149 , is associated with an increased activation of @entity470 . In this study we determined presence of @entity470 and @entity984 hotspot mutations in 325 consecutive @entity1149 @entity1 subjected to @entity470 and @entity984 mutation analysis in the diagnostic setting and for whom the pulmonary function has been determined at time of @entity1149 diagnosis. Information about age at diagnosis, sex, smoking status, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) was collected. @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) was defined according to 2013 GOLD criteria. Chi-Square, student t-test and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the data. A total of 325 @entity1149 @entity1 were included, 193 with @entity1030 and 132 without @entity1030 . @entity1030 was not associated with presence of @entity984 hotspot mutations, while @entity470 mutations were significantly higher in non- @entity1030 @entity1149 @entity1 . Both female gender (HR 2.61; 95% CI: 1.56-4.39; p<0.001) and smoking (HR 4.10; 95% CI: 1.14-14.79; p = 0.03) were associated with @entity984 mutational status. In contrast, only smoking (HR 0.11; 95% CI: 0.04-0.32; p<0.001) was inversely associated with @entity470 mutational status. Smoking related @entity13285 and @entity9063 transversions were significantly more frequent in females (86.2%) than in males (61.5%) (p = 0.008). The exon @entity5972 mutation was more frequent in non-smokers (90%) compared to current or past smokers (36.8%). In conclusion, @entity984 mutations are more common in females and smokers, but are not associated with @entity1030 -status in @entity1149 @entity1 . @entity470 mutations are more common in non-smoking @entity1149 @entity1 .

title: @entity1030 Is Not Associated with XXXX Mutations in @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity9063 :: ('c|SUB|G||C', 'DNAMutation') :: ['G>C']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epithelial growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['KRAS']


abstract: Leakage, @entity5 recurrence, and @entity850 formation at the @entity254 are serious problems after esophagectomy for @entity5 or @entity418 . Because the prevalence of these @entity260 may be affected by whether an @entity254 is made in the neck or in the chest, a comparison was made between anastomoses made at these two sites. During a period of some 7 years, we studied prospectively 411 @entity1 who underwent resection for @entity5 or @entity418 and, after immediate reconstruction, had an @entity254 made in the neck or chest. The @entity834 rate for the neck @entity254 group was 4.3% and for the chest @entity254 group, 3.7% (p = not significant). The difference between leak rates of anastomoses fashioned by hand-sewn (5.0%) or stapled (3.0%) techniques was also not significant. The median upper resection margins in the neck and chest @entity254 groups were 4.5 cm and 3.5 cm, respectively. The corresponding rates of anastomotic @entity5 recurrence were 6.1% and 8.1% (p = not significant). The prevalence of benign @entity850 formation was significantly higher in the chest @entity254 group (19.2%) than in the neck @entity254 group (9.0%) (p = 0.002). This difference was a reflection of a significantly increased prevalence of @entity850 formation when an @entity254 was made by the stapler technique than with the hand-sewn method, and whereas most of the anastomoses in the neck were hand sewn (90%) the majority of those in the chest were stapled (80%). There were thus no statistically significant differences between the sites in terms of @entity834 and @entity5 recurrence rates, and the higher @entity850 rate in the chest @entity254 group was the result of more stapled anastomoses.

title: Anastomotic complications after esophagectomy for XXXX . A comparison of neck and chest anastomoses.

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer of the esophagus']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stricture']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity3949 ( @entity3949 ) is characterized by @entity1931 i.e., increased sensitivity to noxious stimulus, and @entity1931 i.e., @entity56 to normally innocuous stimuli. @entity1931 and @entity1931 have been studied in many different rodent models of @entity6 . However, as stated by B  lcskei et al, determination of " @entity158 " in animal models is challenging due to its subjective nature. Moreover, the traditional methods used to determine behavioral responses to noxious thermal stimuli usually lack reproducibility and pharmacological sensitivity. For instance, by using the hot-plate method of Ankier, flinch, withdrawal and/or licking of either hind- and/or fore-paws is quantified as reflex latencies at constant high thermal stimuli (52-55   C). However, animals that are @entity1931 to thermal stimulus do not reproducibly show differences in reflex latencies using those supra-threshold temperatures. As the recently described method of B  lcskei et al., the procedures described here allows for the rapid, sensitive and reproducible determination of thermal nociceptive thresholds (TNTs) in @entity19 and @entity35 . The method uses slowly increasing thermal stimulus applied mostly to the skin of @entity19 / @entity35 plantar surface. The method is particularly sensitive to study anti-nociception during @entity1931 states such as @entity3949 . The procedures described bellow are based on the ones published in detail by Alm  si et al and B  lcskei et al. The procedures described here have been approved the Laboratory Animal Care and Use Committee (LACUC), Wright State University.

title: Rapid determination of the thermal nociceptive threshold in @entity6 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'allodynia', 'Hyperalgesia', 'hyperalgesic']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['PDN', 'Painful diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Endoscopically assisted, minimally invasive techniques to regions without a natural cavity require insufflation with @entity544 ( @entity515 ). In the neck region this may impair hemodynamics, blood gas homoeostasis, cerebral blood circulation and increase the intracranial pressure. An exclusively endoscopic unilateral subplatysmal approach to the submandibular region was investigated in nine mini- @entity1707 randomized to three groups. On both neck sides, within a 14 day interval, the subplatysmal space was inflated with @entity515 at 10 mmHg, 20 mmHg (1.33/2.66 x 10 (3)Pa) or 20 mmHg (2.66 x 10 (3)Pa) combined with mechanical suspension. Data for hemodynamic and blood gas parameters, gas volumes, and intracranial pressure were obtained preoperatively, 30 min after onset and 10 min postopeatively. In a pocket created by insufflation of 20 mmHg (2.66 x 10 (3)Pa), exposition and resection of the submandibular gland were accomplished easily. The elevation procedure had technical disadvantages. The mean operation time was 48.9 min. Unilateral subplatysmal @entity544 insufflation of the submandibular neck region up to 20 mmHg (2.66 x 10 (3)Pa) did not affect physiological parameters. As an exclusive endoscopical approach for unilateral surgery of the submandibular region, the use of inflation pressures of up to 20 mmHg (2.66 x 10 (3)Pa) might be considered.

title: Minimally invasive neck surgery. Surgical feasibility and physiological effects of XXXX insufflation in a unilateral subplatysmal approach.

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare automatic oscillometric blood pressure recordings with simultaneous direct intra-arterial blood pressure measurements in hyperacute @entity64 @entity1 to test the accuracy of oscillometric readings. METHODS: A total of 51 first-ever @entity64 @entity1 underwent simultaneous noninvasive automatic oscillometric and intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring within 3 h of ictus. Casual blood pressure was measured in both arms using a standard @entity349 sphygmomanometer on hospital admission. @entity1 who received antihypertensive medication during the blood pressure monitoring were excluded. RESULTS: The estimation of systolic blood pressure (SBP) using oscillometric recordings underestimated direct radial artery SBP by 9.7 mmHg (95% confidence interval: 6.5-13.0, P<0.001). In contrast, an upward bias of 5.6 mmHg (95% confidence interval: 3.5-7.7, P<0.001) was documented when noninvasive diastolic blood pressure (DBP) recordings were compared with intra-arterial DBP recordings. For SBP and @entity11559 , the Pearson correlation coefficients between noninvasive and intra-arterial recordings were 0.854 and 0.832, respectively. When the study population was stratified according to SBP bands (group A: SBP<or=160 mmHg; group B: SBP>160 mmHg and SBP<or=180 mmHg, group C: SBP>180 mmHg), higher mean DeltaSBP (intra-arterial SBP-oscillometric SBP) levels were documented in group C (+19.8 mmHg, 95% confidence intervals: 12.2-27.4) when compared with groups B (+8.5 mmHg, 95% confidence intervals: 2.7-14.5; P=0.025) and A (+5.9 mmHg, 95% confidence intervals: 1.8-9.9; P=0.002). CONCLUSION: Noninvasive automatic oscillometric BP measurements underestimate direct SBP recordings and overestimate direct DBP readings in @entity64 . The magnitude of the discrepancy between intra-arterial and oscillometric SBP recordings is even more prominent in @entity1 with critically elevated SBP levels.

title: Comparison of noninvasive oscillometric and intra-arterial blood pressure measurements in hyperacute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of land-based (LB) and water-based (WB) aerobic exercises in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). DESIGN: A total of 133 @entity1 with @entity309 were included in this randomized, blinded, prospective, 16-week controlled trial. The subjects were randomized into 3 groups: WB (n = 33), LB (n = 33), and control (n = 34). @entity121 ( @entity121 ) was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. Disease activity (DAS-28) and functional ability (health assessment questionnaire) were measured by an expert rheumatologist. Total body densitometry was used to assess body composition. The intervention was performed 3 times per week, and all groups were evaluated at baseline and after 8 and 16 weeks. Compliance, concomitant medications, and adverse events were recorded. The data were analyzed by intention to treat. P < 0.05 was set as significant. RESULTS: Of the 133 @entity1 recruited, 100 were randomized and 82 completed the study. In the first evaluation, the 3 groups were matched to age, body composition, functional capacity, @entity121 , and concomitant medications. After 16 weeks, there were no significant changes of knee @entity121 neither body composition among the groups. However, there was a significant improvement in disease activity and functional ability in the WB after 8 and 16 weeks. CONCLUSION: Aquatic exercises provided significant improvement in disease activity, @entity158 , and functional capacity.

title: Effectiveness of Aquatic Exercises in @entity1 With XXXX : A Randomized, Controlled, 16-Week Intervention-The HydRA Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Muscle strength']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis']


abstract: Chromosomal translocation 8;21 is found in 40% of the @entity13352 M2 subtype of @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). The resultant in-frame fusion protein @entity5316 - @entity10794 (AE) acts as an initiating oncogene for @entity1778 development. AE immortalizes @entity1 @entity2280 (+) cord blood cells in long-term culture. We assessed the transforming properties of the alternatively spliced AE isoform AE9a (or alternative splicing at exon 9), which is fully transforming in a @entity19 retroviral model, in @entity1 cord blood cells. Full activity was realized only upon increased fusion protein expression. This effect was recapitulated in the AE9a @entity19 @entity3052 model. Cotransduction of AE and AE9a resulted in a strong selective pressure for AE-expressing cells. In the context of AE, AE9a did not show selection for increased expression, affirming observations of @entity1 t(8;21) @entity1 samples where full-length AE is the dominant protein detected. Mechanistically, AE9a showed defective transcriptional regulation of AE target genes that was partially corrected at high expression. Together, these results bring an additional perspective to our understanding of AE function and highlight the contribution of oncogene expression level in t(8;21) experimental models.

title: Supraphysiologic levels of the @entity5316 - XXXX isoform AE9a are essential for transformation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity10794 :: (862,Gene) :: ['ETO']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite its efficacy in healing neuropathic @entity4760 ( @entity4760 ), @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) is often underused because of technical limitations and poor @entity1 acceptance. We compared @entity6029 to irremovable and removable commercially available walking boots for DFU offloading. METHODS: We prospectively studied 60 @entity1 with @entity4760 , randomly assigned to 3 different offloading modalities: @entity6029 (group A), walking boot rendered irremovable (i-RWD; group B), and removable walking boot (RWD; group C). @entity1 were followed up weekly for 90 days or up to complete re-epithelization; @entity1066 survival, healing time, and @entity1066 size reduction (USR) were considered for efficacy, whereas number of adverse events was considered for safety. @entity1 ' acceptance and costs were also evaluated. RESULTS: Mean healing time in the 3 groups did not differ (P = .5579), and survival analysis showed no difference between the groups (logrank test P = .8270). USR from baseline to the end of follow-up was significant (P < .01) in all groups without differences between the groups. Seven @entity1 in group A (35%), 2 in group B (10%), and 1 in group C (5%) ( @entity16043 exact test P = .0436 group A vs group C) reported nonsevere adverse events. @entity1 ' acceptance and costs were significantly better in group C (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that a walking boot was as effective and safe as @entity6029 in offloading the @entity4760 , irrespective of removability. The better acceptability and lesser costs of a removable device may actually extend the possibilities of providing adequate offloading. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, prospective comparative study.

title: Comparison of Removable and Irremovable Walking Boot to Total Contact Casting in Offloading the Neuropathic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['total contact cast', 'TCC']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcers', 'neuropathic DFUs', 'DFUs']

answer: @entity4760 :: (MESH:D017719,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Foot Ulceration']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the pathologic findings in an unusual case of @entity226 that presented initially with @entity227 and rapidly culminated in @entity583 . CASE REPORT: After the death of the @entity1 , a complete autopsy was performed, including bilateral enucleation. All specimens, including a temporal artery biopsy completed before the @entity1 death, were processed for routine paraffin histology and initially stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 . Elastic stains were subsequently used on specimens of temporal and coronary artery. The @entity1 presented with @entity1018 in the right eye. The clinical diagnosis was @entity6810 , @entity226 . The temporal artery biopsy was positive. Despite high-dose @entity228 administration, the @entity1 progressed to @entity16 , and subsequently to a fatal @entity583 . DISCUSSION: Previous reports of @entity226 with coronary involvement are summarized. @entity583 may be a more common early complication of @entity226 than appreciated previously. This important complication can occur despite administration of high-dose corticosteroid therapy.

title: XXXX and coronary artery involvement in @entity226 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity6810 :: ('MESH:D018917', 'Disease') :: ['anterior ischemic optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['secondary to temporal arteritis', 'giant cell arteritis', 'temporal arteritis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic impairment']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial infarction']


abstract: Tectal tissue from E15 or E16 @entity35 @entity35 embryos was dissociated and reaggregated (DR) prior to transplantation on to the midbrain of newborn host @entity35 . We wished to determine how complete disruption of the donor tissue (i) affected the subsequent morphological development of the grafts in the host brain, and (ii) whether this procedure affected the selectivity with which host retinal axons innervated target regions in the tectal transplants. Forty-three to 135 days after transplantation, host @entity35 received binocular injections of wheatgerm agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase. After perfusion, frozen sections of the grafts and underlying host brainstem were cut and reacted with @entity6416 to identify retinal projections, or stained for either @entity4833 ( @entity4833 ), Nissl or neurofibrils. All host brains contained identifiable DR grafts. Each brain contained at least one large transplant and numerous smaller pieces of graft tissue. The fragmentation of DR grafts was greater than that seen in direct, undissociated tectal transplants; however the morphology of individual DR grafts was markedly similar to direct grafts. Of particular interest was the presence in DR grafts of localized, often oval or circular regions, that possessed high @entity4833 activity and contained mostly small (5 to 10 microns) close-packed neurons. @entity4833 -dense patches were found both superficially and deep within DR grafts and appeared identical to those seen in direct transplants. These regions are thought to be homologous to the superficial, retinorecipient layers of normal superior colliculus (SC) and it is likely that the formation of these localized areas resulted from the selective association of presumptive SGS neurons within the reaggregating neuropil. In almost all cases, host retinal input to DR grafts was confined to the localized @entity4833 -dense patches, suggesting that despite the dissociation procedure, specific retinal innervation of regions containing at least some of the appropriate target cells was maintained in DR tectal grafts.

title: The morphology and connectivity of dissociated and reaggregated fetal tectal tissue transplanted to the midbrain of newborn XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4833 :: ('83817(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['AChE', 'acetylcholinesterase']

entities_list: @entity6416 :: ('MESH:C021758', 'Chemical') :: ['tetramethylbenzidine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The low temperature storage of ovarian tissue allows @entity1 at risk of @entity7793 to preserve their fecundity. One strategy for harvesting mature oocytes may be to isolate small follicles from the stroma for in-vitro culture. The aim of this study was to assess the survival and growth of @entity19 follicles during in-vitro culture after isolation from tissue frozen-thawed in various cryoprotective agents. The effect of different seeding and thawing temperatures was also investigated. Pre-antral follicles 100--135 microm in diameter were isolated from fresh and frozen-thawed tissue and cultured in vitro for 8 days. In the fresh control group 79 +/- 3% of follicles survived in-vitro culture and grew to antral stages. Fewer follicles survived after isolation from tissue cryopreserved in @entity3733 (43 +/- 5%) or @entity2771 (24 +/- 2%) and none survived freeze-thawing in @entity653 . Lowering the seeding temperature from -5 degrees to -7 degrees or -9 degrees C reduced follicle survival rates from 49 +/- 4% to 26 +/- 1% and 28 +/- 3% respectively. If thawing was carried out at 27 degrees C follicle survival rate was higher (38 +/- 7%) than at 37 degrees C (26 +/- 2%) or 47 degrees C (20 +/- 6%). Follicles surviving 8 days of in-vitro culture were stimulated with @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin. The number of mature oocytes released did not differ between any experimental group. The results indicate that follicles isolated from frozen-thawed tissue can be grown to antral sizes and produce mature oocytes. The in-vitro culture system also proved a sensitive method for testing variations in the freeze-thaw protocol.

title: In-vitro growth of XXXX pre-antral follicles after isolation from cryopreserved ovarian tissue.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulphoxide']

entities_list: @entity7793 :: ('MESH:D008594', 'Disease') :: ['premature menopause']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: @entity2530 of the femoral head often results in secondary @entity571 of the @entity572 joint; however, the pathologic processes underlying the destruction of articular cartilage are not fully understood. Molecular markers in the @entity572 joint fluids were measured to examine the changes in turnover of cartilage and other joint tissues. Marker data were related to clinical, radiological, and histopathological changes in the articular cartilage of the @entity572 . Forty-five @entity1 (median age: 43 years) were studied. The median time between the onset of symptoms and sampling of @entity572 synovial fluid was 6 months. Aggrecan fragments, C-propeptide of @entity2843 levels in joint fluid were determined by immunoassay. @entity2530 of the femoral head was graded by radiology as minimal @entity891 of the femoral head (stage 2: 26 @entity1 ), severe @entity891 (stage 3: 15 @entity1 ), or severe @entity891 with @entity571 (stage 4: four @entity1 ). Histological changes of the articular cartilage, consistent with early-stage @entity571 , were evident at stage 3 and were more advanced at stage 4. The average concentrations of proteoglycan fragments and C-propeptide of type-II collagen were 207 (SD 182) microg/ml and 19.6 (SD 19.3) ng/ml, respectively. The average concentrations of @entity2843 were 177 (SD 291) nM and 23.0 (SD 9.9) nM, respectively. Measurable levels for all markers assayed were noted in the earliest stage of the disease, only a few months after the onset of symptoms and well before the appearance of radiological changes. Levels of matrix metalloproteinase-3 and molar ratios of matrix metalloproteinase-3/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 were higher in early stage disease than in later stage disease.

title: Markers of joint tissue turnover in joint fluids from hips with XXXX of the femoral head.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['collapse']

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-3 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1', 'type-II collagen, matrix metalloproteinase-3, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['Osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['osteonecrosis']


abstract: Platelet activation seems to play a critical role in a number of @entity455 , including @entity64 . The aim of our study was whole-blood flow cytometry evaluation of platelet activation markers: @entity8729 ( @entity8729 ), glycoprotein-53 ( @entity5775 ) and platelet-derived microparticle in vivo in @entity1 with @entity385 . We investigated 50 @entity1 (29 @entity1 and 21 @entity1 , mean age 67.8) with @entity385 . Parameters of platelet activation were measured on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after @entity64 onset. Comparisons were made with 20 control @entity1 matched age. Compared to controls (1.6 +/- 0.7%) the @entity64 @entity1 showed higher expression of @entity8729 on the 1st (2.6 +/- 1.4%), 3rd (3.5 +/- 2.3%) and 7th (3.0 +/- 2.0%) day after @entity64 onset. The differences were statistically significant on all days (p < 0.05). Compared to controls (1.5 +/- 0.6%) the @entity64 @entity1 had also higher expression of @entity5775 on the 1st (1.9 +/- 0.6%), 3rd (2.0 +/- 0.6%) day and they showed higher level of platelet-derived microparticles on the 3rd (13.0 +/- 3.0%) day after @entity64 onset. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Elevated expression of @entity8729 , @entity5775 and platelet-derived microparticles level indicate platelet activation during the acute phase of @entity64 . Flow cytometry is a useful tool for in vivo assessment of platelet activation.

title: [Blood platelet activation markers in @entity1 with XXXX during the earliest stage of the disease--evaluation using flow cytometry methods].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'ischaemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['acute cerebral infarction']


abstract: Using a homemade electrogastrography (EGG) system, we studied the characteristics of myoelectrical rhythm in @entity356 ( @entity356 ) @entity1 . Based on a short-term Fourier transform, recorded slow waves could be automatically analyzed to obtain the following parameters: dominant frequency/power, percent of normal rhythm (2.4-3.7 cpm), power ratio, etc. Fifty histologically confirmed @entity356 @entity1 (34 @entity1 , 16 @entity1 ) were enrolled before surgical intervention to measure their fasting and postprandial EGG parameters for 30 min. The cancerous parameters of @entity356 @entity1 were then obtained postoperatively. In addition, 46 healthy subjects were enrolled for comparison. When compared to controls, @entity356 @entity1 had the following characteristics: absence of postprandial increase in dominant frequency ( @entity356 : 3.04 +/- 0.47 vs 3.07 +/- 0.44 cpm, @entity7031 ; controls: 3.02 +/- 0.31 vs 3.21 +/- 0.25 cpm, P < 0.001), marked power response after meal (P < 0.05), and obvious power ratio (4.58 +/- 7.38 vs 2.27 +/- 2.05, P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that advanced @entity356 was the factor responsible for the obvious dominant power enhancement after meal (P < 0.05). Other demographic, clinical, and cancerous factors did not influence EGG parameters. We conclude that apparent @entity943 is not encountered in @entity356 @entity1 , although they mainly exhibit obvious postprandial power response. Advanced @entity356 is likely responsible for this power enhancement on EGG recording.

title: Electrogastrographic characteristics in XXXX of stomach cancer.

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'GC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity177 ( @entity177 ) was used to measure function in first- @entity64 @entity1 on admission to and discharge from a rehabilitation center, and to determine gain; all data were analyzed by a clinically oriented approach. DESIGN: All @entity1 admitted after a first @entity64 to a comprehensive rehabilitation facility over a 2-year period were examined prospectively with the @entity177 . Diagnosis was determined by neuroimaging. Data were collected continuously and stored in the departmental database. For analysis of data, the @entity1 were divided by side of lesion (right or left hemisphere), main clinical syndrome (presence or absence of neglect or aphasic syndromes in those with damage to the right or left hemisphere, respectively), @entity75 ( @entity63 , hemorrhagic, etc), and site of lesion (cortical or subcortical). SETTING: Neurological rehabilitation ward. @entity1 : The study population included 151 @entity1 of average age 60.8 years; 60% were @entity1 . All were admitted an average of 28.9 days after @entity64 and rehabilitated for 109.3 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The raw @entity177 total score was determined at 48 to 72 hours after admission and at discharge. @entity177 gain was calculated by subtracting the @entity177 discharge score from the @entity177 admission score for each individual. Length of stay was also recorded. RESULTS: There was no difference in average total @entity177 scores when @entity1 were divided by side of damage (right or left hemisphere). Significant findings were obtained for the various parameters when the clinical criterion was applied. @entity1 with neglect or @entity2026 syndromes showed significantly higher gains despite their lower @entity177 admission scores, but they had a much longer in-hospital stay. CONCLUSION: The raw @entity177 total score is a simple, practical, and efficient measure of function in first- @entity64 @entity1 on admission for rehabilitation, provided an appropriate clinical approach is used during data analysis. Results can be used for comparison with similar measures, determination of admission and discharge policy, and program evaluation. The presence of neglect and aphasic syndromes has a significant effect on the various measures. Length of stay in rehabilitation is also of paramount importance in @entity64 @entity1 with special clinical syndromes.

title: Functional measures of first- XXXX rehabilitation inpatients: usefulness of the @entity177 total score with a clinical rationale.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'supratentorial stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['type of lesion']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FIM', 'Functional Independence Measure']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the self-renewal and differentiation of dental epithelial stem cells (DESCs) that support the unlimited growth potential of @entity19 incisors is critical for developing novel tooth regenerative therapies and unraveling the pathogenesis of @entity5 . However, analysis of DESC properties and regulation has been limited by the lack of an in vitro assay system and well-documented DESC markers. Here, we describe an in vitro sphere culture system to isolate the DESCs from postnatal @entity19 incisor cervical loops (CLs) where the DESCs are thought to reside. The dissociated cells from CLs were able to expand and form spheres for multiple generations in the culture system. Lineage tracing indicated that DESC within the spheres were epithelial in origin as evident by lineage tracing. Upon stimulation, the sphere cells differentiated into @entity10802 - and amelogenin-expressing and mineral material-producing cells. Compared to the CL tissue, sphere cells expressed high levels of expression of @entity3513 , @entity16534 (also designated as integrin a6), and @entity3844 . Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analyses of @entity19 incisor CL cells further showed that the @entity16534 (Bright) population was enriched in sphere-forming cells. In addition, the @entity16534 (Bright) population includes both slow-cycling and @entity42804 (+) DESCs. The in vitro sphere culture system and identification of @entity16534 (Bright) as a DESC marker provide a novel platform for enriching DESCs, interrogating how maintenance, cell fate determination, and differentiation of DESCs are regulated, and developing tooth regenerative therapies.

title: Self-renewal and multilineage differentiation of XXXX dental epithelial stem cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['odontogenic tumors']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: We have treated spinal cord injured @entity35 with @entity17 plus Schwann cell transplantation and assessed neurite outgrowth in a quantifiable model of axonal regeneration. Axonal injuries of differing severity were induced in the dorsal funiculus of adult @entity35 using a micromanipulator-controlled Scouten knife. Demyelinated regions were produced so as to overlap with the injury site by the injection of @entity8159 antibodies plus complement one segment cranial to the @entity21 site. Schwann cells were isolated from the sciatic nerve, expanded in vitro, and transplanted into the injury site 1 day later. Animals were killed after an additional 7 days. Schwann cells were evenly distributed throughout the region of @entity17 , which extended 6-7 mm cranial to the @entity21 site. The severity of @entity21 was quantified by counting degenerate axons in transverse resin sections. The degree of axonal regeneration was assessed by an electron microscopic analysis of growth cone frequency and distribution relative to the site of @entity21 . Quantification of growth cones at a distance from the site of @entity21 indicated a strong linear relationship (P < 0.001) between the number of growth cones and the number of severed axons; the ratio of growth cones to severed axons was increased by 26.5% in demyelinated plus transplanted animals compared to demyelinated animals without a transplant. Furthermore, only the demyelinated plus transplanted animals contained growth cones associated with myelin in white matter immediately outside of the region of complete @entity17 . Growth cones were absent in transplanted-only animals at a distance from the site of @entity21 . These findings indicate that combined @entity17 plus Schwann cell transplantation therapy enhances axonal regeneration following injury and suggests that growth cones are able to overcome myelin-associated inhibitors of neurite outgrowth in the presence of trophic support.

title: Enhanced axonal regeneration following combined XXXX plus schwann cell transplantation therapy in the injured adult spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['axonal injury']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity8159 :: ('MESH:C002454', 'Chemical') :: ['galactocerebroside']

answer: @entity17 :: (MESH:D003711,Disease) :: ['demyelination']


abstract: Resource criteria for @entity130 centers (TC) mandate a first plus backup neurosurgeon (NS) coverage, an unnecessary expense for TC treating few neurosurgery @entity1 . This report uses a mathematical modeling system to define optimal NS @entity130 coverage. Random data from 749 @entity1 treated with emergency neurosurgery operations (OR) within 24 hours of admission at 97 TC were used to create a 1-year profile of admission by month, day, and hour, operation times, and operation duration. These data were entered into a simulation program to define the frequency that a @entity1 needing a NS consult would wait beyond 30 minutes because the NS was in the operating room at a @entity130 center with one, two, or three neurosurgeons on-call. One thousand iterations were done for each sample size of 25 to 300 @entity1 in 25- @entity1 increments. The probability that a @entity1 could not be seen promptly by one NS in a @entity130 center operating on 25, 50, 75, or 100 @entity1 per year is 0.23, 0.9, 1.6, and 3.66 @entity1 per year. Fewer than one @entity1 (0.75) per year will wait more than 30 min in a @entity130 center doing 225 emergency ORs when two neurosurgeons are on-call. One @entity1 in 10 years would wait more than 30 min in a @entity130 center doing 300 ORs with a third NS on-call. Mathematical modeling of @entity1 data helps define optimal hospital resources. Mandatory NS backup for TC performing fewer than 25 neurosurgery procedures is unneeded.

title: XXXX call: use of a mathematical simulation program to define manpower needs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Neurosurgical trauma']


abstract: Over a 15-year period, our university-based laboratory obtained 125 @entity5 , of which 15 (12%) were @entity1636 . Of these, 6 (40% of the @entity189 ) occurred in @entity1 with clear clinical manifestations of @entity134 hormone excess. @entity1636 cells derived from the surgically resected @entity5 in 4 of these @entity1 were isolated and established in primary culture. Radiotracer @entity134 interconversion studies were carried out with these cultures and also on mitochondria isolated from homogenized tissues. Large @entity5 had the lowest steroidogenic activities per weight, whereas small @entity5 had more moderately depressed enzyme activities relative to cells from normal glands. In incubations with @entity3333 as substrate, 1 mM @entity4235 blocked the synthesis of @entity2819 and @entity701 and also the formation of @entity1369 . @entity4235 inhibition was associated with a concomitant increase in the formation of @entity3800 ( @entity2671 and @entity251 ) from @entity3333 . Administration of @entity4235 in vivo before surgery in one @entity1 resulted in a similar increase in plasma @entity2671 , though plasma @entity251 levels were not significantly affected. In cultures of two of four @entity5 examined, @entity8279 stimulated 11ss-hydroxylase activity modestly; ACTH also had a significant stimulatory effect in one of these @entity5 . Unlike results obtained with normal or adenomatous adrenal cortical tissues, mitochondria from @entity3909 cells showed a lack of support of either @entity165 side-chain cleavage enzyme complex or @entity134 11ss-hydroxylase activity by Krebs cycle intermediates (10 mM @entity9275 , @entity4588 or @entity5910 ). This finding is consistent with the concept that these @entity189 may tend to function predominantly in an anaerobic manner, rather than through the oxidation of Krebs cycle intermediates.

title: Biosynthesis and metabolism of @entity134 hormones by XXXX adrenal carcinomas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4235 :: ('MESH:D008797', 'Chemical') :: ['metyrapone', 'Metyrapone']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'adrenal tumors']

entities_list: @entity3333 :: ('MESH:D011284', 'Chemical') :: ['pregnenolone']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal cortical carcinomas', 'Adrenal cortical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity8279 :: ('CHEBI:50095', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl cAMP']

entities_list: @entity9275 :: ('MESH:C034219', 'Chemical') :: ['isocitrate']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) modulate a multitude of cellular events. Here, we identify functional miRNA-protein networks that regulate @entity1 @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) differentiation. miRNA profiling revealed stage-specific differential expression of 20 miRNAs during days 1, 3, and 5 of @entity1358 differentiation. To identify and prioritize miRNA-protein networks for functional validation, we developed a target ranking algorithm that incorporates many features of miRNA regulatory networks. This system prioritized @entity10017 , @entity7762 , and their cognate targets @entity18142 and @entity127 for functional validation. Inhibition of both @entity10017 and @entity7762 stalled @entity1358 differentiation, as quantified by DC-SIGN/ @entity5750 expression ratios, showing cooperative involvement of these miRNAs in @entity1358 differentiation. We confirmed that the 3' untranslated regions of @entity18142 and @entity127 were functional targets of these miRNAs and provide evidence that these targets were translationally suppressed. Significantly, exogenously added @entity18142 and @entity127 also stalled @entity1358 differentiation, suggesting that miRNA-mediated inhibition of endogenous @entity18142 and @entity127 expression was important for proper @entity1358 differentiation. Finally, inhibition of @entity10017 and @entity7762 , or addition of @entity18142 and @entity127 , led to a decrease in endocytic capacity, a key function of immature DCs. Thus, our novel approach identified and validated some miRNA-protein networks involved in phenotypic and functional @entity1358 differentiation.

title: MicroRNA profiling identifies @entity7762 and XXXX and their target genes @entity127 and @entity18142 in the coordinate regulation of dendritic cell differentiation.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['monocyte-derived dendritic cell', 'MDDC']

answer: @entity10017 :: (406991,Gene) :: ['miR-21']


abstract: Retinal visual prostheses provide hope of restoring sight to @entity1 suffering from @entity2000 such as @entity6391 and age-related @entity1020 . Retinal prostheses are used to electrically stimulate residual neurons that are spared in these diseases, namely the @entity2479 cells (RGCs), eliciting percepts of light termed 'phosphenes'. The elicitation of multiple phosphenes via an electrode array allows patterns to be produced, resulting in a @entity227 . For such patterns to be produced effectively, the prosthesis must generate well-defined phosphenes. To this end, the hexpolar configuration has been proposed as an alternative to the traditional monopolar or bipolar configurations. It utilizes six electrodes surrounding the stimulating electrode to serve as a combined return, or ' @entity13500 guard', purportedly localizing the activation to cells located within them. In this study, the efficacy of the hexpolar configuration in localizing activity was investigated by using patch-clamp electrophysiology to measure the activation thresholds of RGCs to electrical stimulation in isolated @entity95 retina. Cells located outside the @entity13500 guard were found to have significantly higher relative hexpolar thresholds (>2 fold) as compared to cells located within the @entity13500 guard. This confirms the efficacy of the hexpolar configuration in localizing activity to within the @entity13500 guard. Furthermore, the effect of using cathodic-first versus anodic-first stimulation on hexpolar threshold and localization was investigated. No significant difference was observed between the two groups, in terms of lowering thresholds or improving localization.

title: Efficacy of the hexpolar configuration in localizing the activation of XXXX cells under electrical stimulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['rudimentary form of vision']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ganglion']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity2479 :: (MESH:D012173,Disease) :: ['retinal ganglion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The development of @entity358 is a frequent life threatening complication in immunocompromised @entity1 , requiring early diagnosis and specific treatment. In the present study non-invasive and bronchoscopic diagnostic techniques were applied in @entity1 with different non- @entity645 immunocompromised conditions to determine the aetiology of the @entity358 and to evaluate the impact of these methods on therapeutic decisions and outcome in this population. METHODS: The non-invasive diagnostic methods included serological tests, blood antigen detection, and blood, nasopharyngeal wash (NPW), sputum and tracheobronchial aspirate (TBAS) cultures. Bronchoscopic techniques included fibrobronchial aspirate (FBAS), protected specimen brush (PSB), and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Two hundred consecutive episodes of @entity358 were prospectively evaluated during a 30 month period in 52 solid organ transplant recipients, 53 haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, 68 @entity1 with haematological @entity5 , and 27 @entity1 requiring chronic treatment with @entity288 and/or immunosuppressive drugs. RESULTS: An aetiological diagnosis was obtained in 162 (81%) of the 200 @entity1 . The aetiology of the @entity358 was infectious in 125 (77%) and non-infectious in 37 (23%); 38 (19%) remained undiagnosed. The main infectious aetiologies were bacterial (48/125, 24%), fungal (33/125, 17%), and viral (20/125, 10%), and the most frequent pathogens were @entity54 (n=29), @entity794 (n=17), and @entity796 (n=12). Among the non-infectious aetiologies, @entity4 (16/37, 43%) and @entity548 (10/37, 27%) were the most common causes. Non-invasive techniques led to the diagnosis of @entity358 in 41% of the cases in which they were used; specifically, the diagnostic yield of blood cultures was 30/191 (16%); sputum cultures 27/88 (31%); NPW 9/50 (18%); and TBAS 35/55 (65%). Bronchoscopic techniques led to the diagnosis of @entity358 in 59% of the cases in which they were used: FBAS 16/28 (57%), BAL 68/135 (51%), and PSB 30/125 (24%). The results obtained with the different techniques led to a change in antibiotic treatment in 93 cases (46%). Although changes in treatment did not have an impact on the overall mortality, @entity1 with @entity358 of an infectious aetiology in whom the change was made during the first 7 days had a better outcome (29% mortality) than those in whom treatment was changed later (71% mortality; p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Non-invasive and bronchoscopic procedures are useful techniques for the diagnosis of @entity358 in immunocompromised @entity1 . Bronchial aspirates (FBAS and TBAS) and BAL have the highest diagnostic yield and impact on therapeutic decisions.

title: Pulmonary infiltrates in non- @entity645 immunocompromised XXXX : a diagnostic approach using non-invasive and bronchoscopic procedures.

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse alveolar haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary oedema']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A few studies have reported a wide range (2-43%) in incidence of de novo stress urinary @entity322 (SUI) following surgical repair of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in previously continent @entity1 . The aim of this study was to re-examine this incidence up to one year following vaginal repair of prolapse. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of a cohort of @entity1 who underwent reconstructive vaginal repair of POP without a concomitant anti- @entity322 procedure between 2003 and 2007 at two tertiary referral centers. @entity1 were considered eligible if they were stress continent by symptoms and objective assessment (including urodynamics testing) prior to surgical repair. All @entity1 who had had any anti- @entity322 procedure previously were excluded. The endpoint was subjective SUI that prompted the @entity1 to undergo any treatment within one year from their prolapse surgery. RESULTS: 64 @entity1 , with a mean age of 61 (  11) years, were eligible for the study: 26 (41%) had preoperative symptoms of @entity2182 . Fifty-four @entity1 were available for analysis at the one-year visit. Seven @entity1 (13.5%) had symptoms of SUI but only one (2%) was found to have SUI objectively. Another patient underwent anti- @entity322 surgery following her prolapse surgery. CONCLUSION: The incidence of de novo SUI requiring treatment in previously continent @entity1 who underwent vaginal repairs for POP without concomitant anti- @entity322 surgery is low (4%). A large-scale prospective study is necessary to further evaluate this finding.

title: De novo stress urinary XXXX after vaginal repair for pelvic organ prolapse: one-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Small globular protein (SGP) is an artificially designed protein that forms small pores on lipid bilayer membranes. The anti- @entity5 effect of SGP has been reported in several papers. However, the exact mechanism underlying SGP-induced cell death remains to be determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mechanisms of SGP-mediated @entity137 were examined using cultured @entity463 cells (U87-MG). Morphological changes were observed under a light microscope. Ultrastructural changes were examined by electron microscopy. Changes in membrane permeability were evaluated by measuring the extracellular release of @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) and intracellular @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i). A new cell viability assay was also conducted using @entity14939 /calcein fluorescent-double staining methods. RESULTS: SGP cytotoxic effects were strongly influenced by fetal bovine serum (FBS) concentration in culture media. After 30 min of incubation, cytotoxic effects were noted at SGP concentrations greater than 1.5 microM. [ @entity141 ]i increased immediately after SGP addition. Extracellular efflux of LDH increased linearly with SGP doses (r(2) =0.936), and occurred even at concentrations less than 1.5 microM. Non-viable and viable cells were simultaneously detected by fluorescent staining with DAPI and @entity10857 , respectively. After 30 min of incubation with SGP, DAPI-positive nuclei were evident at concentrations higher than 1.5 microM. Cultures were then maintained in 10% FBS-containing media for 24 h before addition of calcein-AM. Calcein-positive cells were found at SGP concentrations lower than 1.5 5M. Cells positive for both DAPI and @entity5384 appeared at a concentration of 1.5 microM. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that SGP induces rapid but transient @entity137 , which may be beneficial in local therapy of malignant @entity1313 .

title: Mechanisms of small globular protein-induced plasma membrane permeability and XXXX in U87-MG human @entity463 cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioblastoma']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the use of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKS) along with other surgical procedures in the management of @entity976 . METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 (17 @entity1 and 18 adults) with @entity976 were treated with GKS between May 2008 and August 2011. The age of the @entity1 ranged from 2 to 53 years (mean 20 years). There were 26 males and 9 females. @entity976 were solid in 7 @entity1 , cystic in 4, and mixed in 24. @entity5 size ranged from 1 to 33.3 cm(3) (mean 12 cm(3)). The prescription dose ranged from 8 to 14 Gy (mean 11.5 Gy). Maximum dose ranged from 16 to 28 Gy (mean 23 Gy). Before GKS 11 @entity1 underwent subtotal resection of the @entity5 , 2 - neuroendocopic fenestration of the large cystic component, and 10 - stereotactic aspiration of the neoplastic cyst content. RESULTS: The length of follow-up period varied from 6 to 36 months (mean 22 months). The @entity5 response rate and control rate were 77.1 % and 88.5 %, respectively. Clinical outcome was considered excellent in 10 cases, good in 17, fair in 4, and poor in 4. No one @entity1 with normal pituitary function before GKS developed @entity4614 thereafter. @entity227 after treatment was noted in one @entity1 . CONCLUSION: After GKS @entity5 control can be achieved in significant proportion of @entity1 with @entity976 . Treatment-related @entity16 in such cases is rare. Therefore, radiosurgery may be considered useful for management of these @entity5 .

title: Role of gamma knife radiosurgery in multimodality management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Deterioration of the visual function']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological morbidity']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngioma', 'Craniopharyngiomas']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['craniopharyngioma']


abstract: CONTEXT: Glucocorticoids and @entity32 inhibit bone formation; however, the impact on skeletal modeling is unknown. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to examine changes in @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and cortical structure after @entity30 ( @entity30 ) diagnosis and identify associations with growth, glucocorticoids, and disease activity. DESIGN/ @entity1 : This was a prospective cohort study among 76 @entity30 @entity1 , aged 5-21 years. Tibia quantitative computed tomography trabecular @entity79 and cortical dimensions were obtained at diagnosis and 6 and 12 and a median of 42 months later; 51 completed the final visit. OUTCOMES: Sex, race, and age-specific Z-scores were generated for outcomes based on more than 650 reference @entity1 , and cortical dimension Z-scores were further adjusted for tibia length. Generalized estimating equations were used to model changes in Z-scores. RESULTS: Disease activity improved over the study interval (P < .001). Trabecular @entity79 Z-scores improved over the first 6 months; increases were associated with improved disease activity (P < .001), younger age (P = .005), and increases in @entity560 levels (P = .02). Greater increases in tibia length were associated with greater increases in cortical area Z-scores (P < .001). Greater glucocorticoid doses and disease activity were significantly associated with failure to accrue cortical area and were more pronounced with greater linear growth (interaction P < .05). Mean (  SD) trabecular @entity79 (-1.0    1.21) and cortical area (-0.57    1.10) Z-scores at the final visit were significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS: @entity30 was associated with persistent deficits in trabecular @entity79 , although younger @entity1 demonstrated a greater potential for recovery. In addition, greater linear growth was associated with a greater recovery of cortical dimensions, especially among @entity1 with less glucocorticoid exposure and @entity32 . These data suggest that younger age and concurrent growth provide a window of opportunity for skeletal recovery.

title: Long-term XXXX and glucocorticoid therapy impair skeletal modeling during growth in childhood @entity30 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'Crohn disease']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: AIM: This study aimed to investigate the clinicoradiological features in @entity1 with @entity3439 (SDHs). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiological findings, management criteria, and outcomes in 32 @entity1 with peritentorial SDHs. The outcomes were classified as favorable (good recovery or moderate disability) or poor (severe disability, vegetative state, or @entity204 ). RESULTS: Of the 32 @entity1 , 19 were male and 13 were female. The @entity1 ' ages ranged from 10-92 years (mean age, 60.9 years). @entity1003 were observed in 23 @entity1 . Twenty-four @entity1 presented with associated @entity1504 . Eighteen @entity1 had favorable outcomes and 14 had poor outcomes. All @entity1 were treated conservatively. The presence of @entity1003 (p = 0.024) and presence of convexity SDH (p = 0.008) correlated with the outcome. CONCLUSION: The @entity1 with traumatic peritentorial SDHs were predominantly male and relatively elderly, and had a high incidence of @entity1003 , associated @entity1504 (especially falx SDHs), a high rate of impact in the occipital or frontal regions, and a low incidence of @entity174 . The factors that were correlated with outcome in @entity1 receiving conservative therapy were the presence of @entity1003 and the presence of convexity SDH.

title: XXXX : a study of 32 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3439 :: ('MESH:D006408', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic peritentorial subdural hematomas']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['skull fractures']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy', 'Coagulopathies']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial lesions']

answer: @entity3439 :: (MESH:D006408,Disease) :: ['Traumatic peritentorial subdural hematomas']


abstract: @entity25383 ( @entity25383 ) is a @entity851 involving an abnormal abdominal situs with a normal cardiac situs. This abnormality is especially rare when it is associated with a normal cardiac anatomy. The prenatal diagnoses of seven cases were reported in the English literature. This report presents two cases referred to the authors' echocardiography laboratory for @entity6 in case 1 and suspected @entity5512 in case 2. In both cases, @entity25383 with a structurally normal heart was diagnosed prenatally. The @entity1 in the first case was found to have a normal inferior vena cava (IVC) prenatally. Postnatally, he was found to have @entity1518 with @entity9727 and multiple splenules. Interruption of the IVC was shown by abdominal ultrasound. The @entity1 in the second case was found to have an interrupted IVC with azygos continuation prenatally. Postnatally, @entity1518 with no evidence of @entity1321 or @entity4032 was detected. Neither of the cases had reported @entity943 . Early diagnosis is crucial in these cases due to the high incidence of associated anomalies and potential life-threatening conditions. Management of @entity1 with @entity25383 is dictated by the associated anomalies. Long-term follow-up assessment is recommended for these @entity1 to monitor the development of @entity854 .

title: Prenatal diagnosis of XXXX and a structurally normal heart: two case reports and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['developmental abnormality']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['maternal diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5512 :: ('MESH:D003914', 'Disease') :: ['dextrocardia']

entities_list: @entity9727 :: ('MESH:D004380', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1518 :: ('MESH:C562835', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal malrotation']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['rhythm abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity25383 :: ('MESH:D007979', 'Disease') :: ['ILC', 'Isolated levocardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

answer: @entity25383 :: (MESH:D007979,Disease) :: ['isolated levocardia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To estimate the distribution of @entity213 ( @entity213 ) recurrence after definitive chemoradiation therapy (CRT) among @entity1 who underwent @entity419 positron-emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) surveillance. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. METHODS: @entity213 @entity1 who underwent definitive CRT from 2001 to 2008 were evaluated for recurrence with serial PET/CT. @entity1 were excluded if they were previously treated for recurrent disease, were treated with surgery as the primary therapeutic modality, or had inadequate clinical follow-up. Recurrence was defined by histopathologic evidence of @entity5 . RESULTS: Three hundred eighty-eight @entity1 were studied. @entity1 in whom recurrence was not detected were followed clinically and radiographically for a median of 27 months. @entity5 recurrence was detected in 110 @entity1 . For 37 @entity1 , recurrence was heralded by clinical signs. Among the 73 asymptomatic @entity1 who had a confirmed recurrence, disease was detected by PET/CT between 2 and 43 months, median of 6 months. Forty-five percent of observed asymptomatic recurrences were detected during the first 6 months of surveillance (95% confidence interval [CI], 34%-57%), 79% within the first 12 months (95% CI, 68%-88%), 95% within the first 24 months (95% CI, 87%-98%), and 100% within the first 48 months (95% CI, 95%-100%). CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity213 @entity1 followed with PET/CT surveillance, 95% of observed asymptomatic recurrences were detected within 24 months after completing CRT. For @entity1 without clinical signs of recurrence, routine PET/CT surveillance beyond the first 24 months may be of limited value and may not be cost effective.

title: Temporal patterns of XXXX recurrence with positron-emission tomography/computed tomography monitoring.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: The @entity12579 (ANP) gene is expressed in several extraatrial tissues in which ANP may be involved in the regulation of autocrine or paracrine functions. In the ovary, the synthesis of ANP, its binding sites, and a physiological role were found. The ANP system in the oviduct, however, is yet to be defined. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the ANP system is present in the oviduct and then to define its function. The serial dilution curves of oviductal extracts in @entity35 and @entity95 were parallel to the standard curve of ANP. Molecular profiles using reverse phase HPLC indicated that the prohormone and processed circulating peptide were the main forms present. The immunoreactive ANP content of the oviduct was 27.07 +/- 4.41 pg/mg tissue wet wt (1.19 +/- 0.19 ng/oviduct; n = 10; at metestrus) in @entity35 and 1.21 +/- 0.12 pg/mg tissue wet wt (0.15 +/- 0.01 ng/oviduct; n 12) in @entity95 . In adult 4-day cycling @entity35 , the immunoreactive ANP contents in oviducts had a cyclic change characterized by the lowest level at proestrus (14.59 +/- 3.24 pg/mg; n = 12). A distinct and strong ANP immunoreactivity was found in the mucosal layer of @entity35 oviduct, and ANP messenger RNA was also detected in the oviduct by reverse transcriptase-PCR. Specific high affinity binding sites for iodinated @entity35 ANP ([125I]rANP) were observed in the mucosal layer of the oviduct in @entity35 and @entity95 . Specific [125I]rANP bindings localized in the mucosal layer of @entity95 oviduct showed an apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of 18.69 +/- 5.55 nM and a maximal binding capacity of 14.85 +/- 6.19 fmol/mm2. These specific [125I]rANP bindings were not reversed by des-[Gln18,Ser19, @entity4022 20,Leu21,Gly22]ANP-(4- 23) as a selective ligand of clearance receptor. Synthetic ANP inhibited both the frequency and amplitude of basal motility of @entity95 oviduct in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the oviduct has its own ANP system, and the system is involved in the regulation of oviductal motility.

title: Characterization of the XXXX system in the oviduct.

entities_list: @entity12579 :: ('24602(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['atrial natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

answer: @entity12579 :: (24602(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['atrial natriuretic peptide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Obesity is an important preventable cause of @entity204 and is a major risk factor for @entity65 as well as skeletal system diseases and @entity5 . In many studies, complete blood count (CBC) and ratios derived from its results - such as the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio and @entity262 immune inflammatory index have been associated with some diseases and their surveys. In these studies, the body mass index (BMI) and state of @entity28 of @entity1 and the possible effects of these factors on CBC have not been defined. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the effect of BMI and smoking on CBC and ratios derived from CBC. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional, retrospective study; the data of male and female @entity1 aged between 18-65 years who presented for a routine check-up or @entity28 was collected and subjects were grouped as normal weight, overweight, @entity28 and morbidly @entity28 accordingly BMI. @entity1 ' smoking habits were calculated as pack/years. All complete blood count results were noted. Smoking status and BMI groups were compared to CBC findings and ratios derived from these findings. RESULTS: After exclusion, 223 @entity1 ' data (104 female and 119 male) was included in the study. BMI was found to have a statistically significant positive linear correlation with lymphocyte number, PDW, SII and RDW (p < 0.05), and an extremely significant positive linear correlation (p < 0.01) was found between BMI and WBC, neutrophil count, @entity10921 and platelet count. When BMI was not considered and 135 smokers were compared to 88 non-smokers, leukocytes and neutrophil counts were found to be higher in smokers (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our study has found that WBC, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, @entity10921 , PDW and SII are significantly affected by BMI status. Future studies that use these parameters and indices must take the @entity1 ' BMI and smoking status into account.

title: How @entity28 affects the neutrophil/lymphocyte and platelet/lymphocyte ratio, XXXX immune-inflammatory index and platelet indices: a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Persons', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity262 :: (MESH:D034721,Disease) :: ['systemic']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the long-term changes in epithelial, stromal, and corneal thickness after LASIK and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). METHODS: In two prospective observational case series, 11 @entity1 (16 eyes) received LASIK and 12 @entity1 (18 eyes) received PRK to correct @entity1714 or myopic @entity940 . None of the corneas had retreatment procedures. Corneas were examined using confocal microscopy before and at 1 month, and at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 years after surgery. Central thicknesses were measured from reflected light intensity profiles recorded by confocal microscopy. Postoperative epithelial thickness was compared to preoperative, and postoperative stromal and corneal thicknesses were compared to thickness at 1 month after surgery. RESULTS: In LASIK, epithelial thickness at 1 month (51 +/- 4 microm, n = 11) was greater than before surgery (41 +/- 4 microm, n = 16; P < .001) and remained thicker through 7 years (52 +/- 6 microm, n = 13; P < .001). Stromal and corneal thickness did not change between 1 month and 7 years after LASIK. After PRK, corneal thickness at 1 year (464 +/- 44 microm, n = 17) was greater than at 1 month (442 +/- 39 microm, n = 15; P = .001) and remained thicker at 7 years after PRK (471 +/- 45 microm, n = 17; P > .001). CONCLUSIONS: The early increase in central epithelial thickness after myopic LASIK persists for at least 7 years and is probably the result of @entity2543 . Central corneal thickness increases during the first year after PRK and remains stable thereafter up to 7 years.

title: Confocal microscopy changes in epithelial and stromal thickness up to 7 years after LASIK and photorefractive keratectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: Stereotactic biopsy has been validated for tissue sampling of @entity75 that cannot be easily resected via open craniotomy. However, some inherent problems including the inability to directly observe the lesion and difficulty in confirming hemostasis limit its usefulness. To overcome these issues, we used the endoscope in @entity1313 biopsy, for not only @entity2504 but also intraparenchymal @entity5 . The rigid scope was used in association with a surgical navigation system for intraparenchymal lesions via a transcortical route. There were no useful anatomical landmarks when the trajectory to the lesions was decided; therefore, surgical navigation system was required for the transcortical procedures. The endoscopic procedure described here was attempted in 21 cases of intraparenchymal lesions between January 2007 and February 2012. A definitive diagnosis was obtained in all cases, and genetic analysis was performed when required. Serious postsurgical @entity548 or @entity51 were not observed in any cases. Endoscopic surgery provides a clear view of the target and makes it easier to differentiate @entity5 tissue from normal brain tissue. Moreover, the endoscope helped to confirm hemostasis during the procedure. Thus, endoscopic biopsy has the potential to contribute toward safe and reliable diagnosis of @entity1313 .

title: Surgical navigation-assisted endoscopic biopsy is feasible for safe and reliable diagnosis of unresectable solid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2504 :: ('MESH:D002551', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular tumors']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['deep-seated lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Variants in the @entity4050 gene ( @entity4050 ) are associated with @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). @entity4050 and five @entity4050 -related genes ( @entity8173 -5) lie within the regulators of complement activation (RCA) locus on chromosome 1q32. Aims and Methods. In this study, the structural and evolutionary relationships between these genes and @entity1020 was refined using a combined genetic, molecular and immunohistochemical approach. RESULTS: We identify and characterize a large, common deletion that encompasses both the @entity8173 and @entity40244 genes. @entity8173 , an abundant serum protein, is absent in subjects homozygous for the deletion. Genotyping analyses of @entity1020 cases and controls from two cohorts demonstrates that deletion homozygotes comprise 1.1% of cases and 5.7% of the controls (chi-square=32.8; P= 1.6 E-09). @entity8173 and @entity40244 transcripts are abundant in liver, but undetectable in the ocular retinal pigmented epithelium/choroid complex. @entity1020 -associated @entity4050 / @entity8173 / @entity40244 haplotypes are widespread in @entity1 populations. CONCLUSION: The absence of @entity8173 and/or @entity40244 may account for the protective effects conferred by some @entity4050 haplotypes. Moreover, the high frequencies of the 402H allele and the delCFHR1/ @entity40244 alleles in African populations suggest an ancient origin for these alleles. The considerable diversity accumulated at this locus may be due to selection, which is consistent with an important role for the CFHR genes in innate immunity.

title: Extended haplotypes in the @entity4050 ( @entity4050 ) and @entity4050 -related (CFHR) family of genes protect against XXXX : characterization, ethnic distribution and evolutionary implications.

entities_list: @entity4050 :: ('3075', 'Gene') :: ['complement factor H', 'CFH']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['age-related macular degeneration']


abstract: The resting ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a non-invasive method to assess the patency of the lower extremity arterial system and to screen for the presence of @entity8901 . To determine how the ABI is associated with clinical @entity301 ( @entity301 ), @entity64 , preclinical carotid plaque and far wall @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ) of the carotid and popliteal arteries, we conducted analyses in 15 106 middle-aged adults from the baseline examination (1987-1989) of the @entity731 Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. The prevalence of clinical @entity301 , @entity64 /transient @entity63 increased with decreasing ABI levels, particularly at those of < 0.90. Individuals with ABI < 0.90 were twice as likely to have prevalent @entity301 as those with ABI > 0.90 (age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) ranging from 2.2 (95% CI: 1.0-5.1) in African-American @entity1 to 3.3 (95% CI: 2.1-5.0) in white @entity1 ). @entity1 with ABI < 0.90 were more than four times as likely to have @entity64 /TIA as those with ABI > 0.90 (age-adjusted OR: 4.2 (95% CI: 1.8-9.5) in African-American @entity1 and 4.9 (95% CI: 2.6-9.0) in white @entity1 ). In @entity1 the association was weaker and not statistically significant. Among those free of clinical @entity65 , individuals with ABI < or = 0.90 had statistically significantly higher prevalence of preclinical carotid plaque compared to those with ABI > 0.90 (age-adjusted ORs ranging from 1.5 (95% CI: 1.0-1.9) in white @entity1 to 2.6 (95% CI: 1.0-6.6) in african-american @entity1 ). The ABI was also inversely associated with far wall @entity1004 of the carotid arteries (in both @entity1 and @entity1 ) and the popliteal arteries (in @entity1 only). The associations of ABI with clinical @entity301 , @entity64 , preclinical carotid plaque and @entity1004 of the carotid and popliteal arteries were attenuated and often not statistically significant after further adjustment for LDL @entity165 , cigarette smoking, @entity101 and @entity6 . These data demonstrate that low ABI levels, particularly those of < 0.90, are indicative of generalized @entity731 .

title: Associations of ankle-brachial index with clinical @entity301 , @entity64 and preclinical carotid and popliteal XXXX : the @entity731 Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intimal-medial thickness']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic attack (TIA) and preclinical carotid plaque']

entities_list: @entity8901 :: ('MESH:C564658', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral occlusive arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']