abstract: A novel optical temporal log-slope difference mapping approach is proposed for cancerous @entity0 detection. In this method, target tissues are illuminated by near-infrared (700-1000 nm) ultrashort laser pulses from various surface source points, and backscattered time-resolved light signals are collected at the same surface points. By analyzing the log-slopes of decaying signals over all points on the source-detection grid, a log-slope distribution on the surface is obtained. After administration of absorption contrast agents, the presence of @entity5 increases the decaying steepness of the transient signals. The mapping of log-slope difference between native tissue and absorption-enhanced cancerous tissue indicates the location and projection of @entity5 on the detection surface. In this paper, we examine this method in the detection of @entity0 in two model tissue phantoms through computer simulation. The first model has a spherical @entity5 of 6mm in diameter embedded at the tissue center. The second model is a large tissue phantom embedded with a non-centered spherical @entity5 8mm in diameter. Monte Carlo methods were employed to simulate the light transport and signal measurement. It is shown that the @entity5 in both the tissue models will be accurately projected on the detection surface by the proposed log-slope difference mapping method. The image processing is very fast and does not require any inverse optimization in image reconstruction.

title: Optical imaging of XXXX through temporal log-slope difference mappings.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancerous tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors', 'breast tumor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: We hypothesize that serum human @entity27656 ( @entity14958 ) levels predict the presence of @entity263 among @entity1 prescreened by @entity1486 (PSA). @entity1 AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 324 @entity1 who had no history of @entity263 and who were referred for prostate biopsy. PSA and @entity14958 levels were measured using specific nonisotopic immunometric techniques. Cases were @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity420 of the prostate from biopsy, and controls were @entity1 who had no evidence of @entity5 from biopsy. The odds ratio for detection of @entity263 was determined for @entity14958 measurements, controlling for age, total-PSA level, digital rectal examination, and symptoms of @entity1876 . RESULTS: Of 324 @entity1 , 159 (49.1%) had @entity5 . Mean @entity14958 levels and @entity14958 :free-PSA ratios were significantly higher in cases than in controls (1.18 v 0.53 ng/mL, respectively, for @entity14958 , P =.0001; 1.17 v 0.62 for @entity14958 :free-PSA ratio, P =.0001). The crude odds ratio for @entity263 detection for @entity1 in the highest quartile of @entity14958 level was 5.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8 to 12.1; P =.0001) compared with @entity1 in the lowest quartile. The adjusted odds ratio was 6.72 (95% CI, 2.9 to 15.6; P =.0001). Similarly, the crude and adjusted odds ratios for @entity263 detection using the @entity14958 :free-PSA ratio were 7.36 (95% CI, 3.6 to 15.1; P =.0001) and 8.06 (95% CI, 3. 7 to 17.4; P =.0001), respectively. These odds ratios were higher than that observed for @entity263 detection by total-PSA level (2.73; P =.03). CONCLUSION: Among @entity1 prescreened with PSA for @entity263 , @entity1 with high @entity14958 measurements have a five- to eight-fold increase in risk for @entity263 , adjusting for PSA level and other established risk factors. @entity14958 measurements may be a useful adjunct to PSA in improving @entity1 selection for prostate biopsy.

title: Serum human XXXX protease levels predict the presence of @entity263 among @entity1 with elevated @entity1486 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity27656 :: ('3817', 'Gene') :: ['glandular kallikrein-2']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['urinary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity27656 :: (3817,Gene) :: ['glandular kallikrein-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate histologic @entity3478 as a predictor of oncologic outcome in extremity soft-tissue @entity242 (STS) @entity1 presenting to a specialty @entity242 center between 1986 and 2001. METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent surgery for extremity STS were identified from the prospective database at the study institution. @entity1 demographic features were compared using chi-square analyses or independent-sample Student t-tests. The disease outcomes were compared for those with and without @entity3478 using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox modeling. RESULTS: In a review of 874 @entity1 with STS of the extremity, 48 @entity1 (5.5%) had evidence of @entity3478 . @entity1 with @entity3478 presented with larger @entity5 that were more frequently deep in the extremity and more often had @entity3 at presentation. @entity1 with @entity3478 had lower metastasis-free survival but @entity3478 was not found to be an independent prognostic factor (P = .274) on Cox modeling. Bone invasion was found to be prognostic of overall survival on multivariate analysis (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: In a small percentage of @entity1 with STS, bone resection may be required to obtain an adequate surgical margin, thereby limiting the risk of local @entity5 recurrence. Histologic @entity3478 portends a poorer prognosis in terms of overall survival.

title: Bone invasion in extremity soft-tissue XXXX : impact on disease outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone invasion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared the accuracy of clinicians and a risk score (iScore) to predict observed outcomes following an acute @entity385 . METHODS: The JURaSSiC (Clinician JUdgment vs Risk Score to predict @entity64 outComes) study assigned 111 clinicians with expertise in @entity64 care to predict the probability of outcomes of 5 @entity385 case scenarios. Cases (n = 1,415) were selected as being representative of the 10 most common clinical presentations from a pool of more than 12,000 @entity64 @entity1 admitted to 12 @entity64 centers. The primary outcome was prediction of @entity204 or disability (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] >= 3) at discharge within the 95% confidence interval (CI) of observed outcomes. Secondary outcomes included 30-day mortality and @entity204 or institutionalization at discharge. RESULTS: Clinicians made 1,661 predictions with overall accuracy of 16.9% for @entity204 or disability at discharge, 46.9% for 30-day mortality, and 33.1% for @entity204 or institutionalization at discharge. In contrast, 90% of the iScore-based estimates were within the 95% CI of observed outcomes. Nearly half (n = 53 of 111; 48%) of @entity1 were unable to accurately predict the probability of the primary outcome in any of the 5 rated cases. Less than 1% (n = 1) provided accurate predictions in 4 of the 5 cases and none accurately predicted all 5 case outcomes. In multivariable analyses, the presence of @entity1 characteristics associated with poor outcomes (mRS >= 3 or @entity204 ) in previous studies (older age, high NIH @entity64 Scale score, and nonlacunar subtype) were associated with more accurate clinician predictions of @entity204 at 30 days (odds ratio [OR] 2.40, 95% CI 1.57-3.67) and with a trend for more accurate predictions of @entity204 or disability at discharge (OR 1.85, 95% CI 0.99-3.46). CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians with expertise in @entity64 performed poorly compared to a validated tool in predicting the outcomes of @entity1 with an acute @entity385 . Use of the risk @entity64 outcome tool may be superior for decision-making following an acute @entity385 .

title: JURaSSiC: accuracy of clinician vs risk score prediction of XXXX outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: We have established two highly metastatic @entity5 clones, @entity48533 , which have the distinct features of undergoing pulmonary metastases. Both clones were derived from a @entity957 ( @entity5155 ), which had spontaneously occurred in DS-Nh @entity19 . @entity48534 was morphologically spindle-shaped in @entity5 mass and adherent in culture, while D-1 was round and non-adherent. In in vitro growth, there was no significant difference between them. When the @entity5 cells were implanted intradermally into syngeneic @entity19 , however, the growth of D-1 was slower than that of @entity48534 . As for the metastatic ability, both @entity48533 were highly metastatic compared with the original @entity5 . Interestingly, the pulmonary metastases of these two clones were apparently different. In @entity48534 -bearing @entity19 , some round nodules were detected and no @entity5 cells were seen in the surrounding area around the nodules (nodule-type). In contrast, D-1 cells had initially grown from the periphery of lobes, and interstitially infiltrated the lung parenchyma area without forming nodules (diffuse-type) and the appearance was similar to lymphagitis carcinomatosa. Histologically, a remarkably smaller number of metastatic foci formed around the blood vessel for D-1 as compared with @entity48534 . It should also be noted that some localized nodules (nodule-type both visually and histologically) were seen in the lung, when D-1 cells were inoculated in the tail vein. In addition, D-1 showed markedly higher lymphatic metastasis than @entity48534 . These observations show that the pulmonary metastases of @entity48533 differ in the mechanisms underlying the processes of @entity5 dissemination. We suppose a possibility that D-1 may preferentially metastasize via the lymphatics and @entity48534 may metastasize via the bloodstream.

title: Establishment of highly metastatic XXXX clones derived from a @entity957 ( @entity5155 ), @entity48533 , with distinct features of pulmonary metastases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'clonal tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['skin squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4990 ( @entity4991 ) is a platelet activator and highly thrombogenic lipid constituent of @entity731 . However, whether or not @entity4991 locally released from culprit lesions is associated with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) remains unclear. METHODS: We studied 52 @entity1 with @entity1187 who were treated by emergency percutaneous coronary intervention and thrombectomy. Levels of @entity4991 and other established biomarkers were enzymatically assayed in samples of culprit coronary arterial and systemic peripheral arterial blood. Levels of @entity4991 and @entity6579 ( @entity15002 ) were measured in plasma, and those of @entity23927 , soluble @entity11603 (sCD40L), hs-CRP and @entity6511 were measured in serum. RESULTS: Median @entity4991 levels were significantly higher in coronary (CB) than in peripheral (PB) arterial blood (p = 0.009). Levels of sCD40L were higher in CB than in PB, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.177). In contrast, @entity23927 and @entity6511 levels were significantly higher in PB than in CB (p = 0.005 and p = 0.038, respectively). Levels of LPC and hs-CRP were also higher in PB than in CB (p = 0.129 and p = 0.121, respectively). Levels of @entity4991 in both CB and PB were positively and significantly associated with those of LPC (r = 0.632, p < 0.01 and r = 0.465, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Culprit coronary arteries of @entity1187 contained significantly more @entity4991 than the systemic arterial circulation. Higher @entity4991 concentrations might be associated with the pathophysiology of @entity1187 .

title: Increased @entity4990 levels in culprit coronary arteries of XXXX with @entity1187 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4990 :: ('MESH:C032881', 'Chemical') :: ['Lysophosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaque']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This report summarizes findings from 443 autopsies on Japanese-American @entity1 followed as active @entity1 in the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study from 1991 through 2003. Five distinct neuropathological lesion types were found to have strong, partially, or completely independent associations with @entity73 and/or @entity303 in the final years of life. They were: @entity195 (neocortical neurofibrillary tangles and @entity527 ), @entity1188 ( @entity1188 ), neocortical Lewy bodies, @entity131 , and generalized @entity1010 . Atrophy was strongly associated with both @entity195 and @entity1188 , but was also observed in decedents with negligible levels of these and the other lesions. About half of the @entity131 cases appeared to be linked to @entity195 . A weak association of @entity131 with @entity1188 was also noted. Comparable 3-level indices were defined for each of the five lesion types to facilitate comparisons of associations with @entity73 and @entity303 . Multiple combinations of the five lesion types were observed. The development of @entity303 in the final years of life was more closely correlated with their combined numbers and severities than with specific lesion types. In this autopsy panel, @entity1188 were identified as the sole or dominant lesion in 33.8% of the demented or definitely impaired decedents, compared with @entity195 in 18.6% and co-dominant lesions (most often Alzheimer and microvascular) in 14.2%. These or one or more of the other lesion types were observed in 87.9% of the demented or definitely impaired decedents.

title: Brain lesions at autopsy in older Japanese-American XXXX as related to @entity73 and @entity303 in the final years of life: a summary report from the Honolulu-Asia aging study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['neuritic plaques']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular infarcts', 'microinfarcts and lacunar infarcts']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: A novel factor, which is a membrane component of the protein translocation machinery of @entity526 , was discovered. This factor was found in the @entity2974 -soluble fraction of solubilized cytoplasmic membrane. The factor was purified to homogeneity by ion exchange column chromatographies and found to be a hydrophobic protein with a molecular mass of approximately 12 kDa. The factor caused > 20-fold stimulation of the protein translocation when it was reconstituted into proteoliposomes together with SecE and SecY. SecE, SecY, SecA and @entity855 were essential for the factor-dependent stimulation of the activity. The factor stimulated the translocation of all three precursor proteins examined, including authentic proOmpA. Stimulation of the translocation of proOmpF-Lpp, a model presecretory protein, was especially remarkable, since no translocation was observed unless proteoliposomes were reconstituted with the factor. Partial @entity535 sequence of the purified factor was determined. An antibody raised against a synthetic peptide of this sequence inhibited the protein translocation into everted membrane vesicles, indicating that the factor is playing an important role in protein translocation into membrane vesicles. The partial @entity535 sequence was found to coincide with that deduced from the reported DNA sequence of the upstream region of the leuU gene. Cloning and sequencing of the upstream region revealed the presence of a new open reading frame, which encodes a hydrophobic protein of 11.4 kDa. We propose that the factor is a general component of the protein translocation machinery of @entity526 .

title: A novel membrane protein involved in protein translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2974 :: ('CHEBI:30956', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloracetic acid']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: During exercise, cardiac @entity26 -consumption increases and the resulting low @entity26 level in myocardium triggers coronary vasodilation. This response to @entity519 is controlled notably by the vasodilator @entity859 and its @entity28569 ( @entity28569 ). According to the "spare receptor" pharmacological model, a strong @entity28569 -mediated response can occur in the context of a large number of receptors remaining unoccupied, activation of only a weak fraction of @entity28569 (evaluated using KD) resulting in maximal @entity268 production (evaluated using EC50), and hence in maximal coronary vasodilation. In @entity453 ( @entity453 ), @entity741 limits adaptation to exercise, which is commonly detected using the exercise stress test (EST). We hypothesized that spare @entity28569 are present in @entity453 patients to correct @entity63 . Seventeen patients with angiographically-documented @entity453 and 17 control subjects were studied. We addressed @entity859 -plasma concentration and @entity28569 -expression at the mononuclear cell-surface, which reflects cardiovascular expression. The presence of spare @entity28569 was tested using an innovative pharmacological approach based on a homemade monoclonal antibody with agonist properties. EST was positive in 82% of patients, and in none of the controls. @entity859 plasma-concentration increased by 60% at peak exercise in patients only (p<0.01). Most patients (65%), and none of the controls, had spare @entity28569 (identified when EC50/KD<= 0.1) and a low @entity28569 -expression (mean: -37% vs controls; p<0.01). All patients with spare @entity28569 had a positive EST whereas the subjects without spare @entity28569 had a negative EST (p<0.05). Spare @entity28569 are therefore associated with positive EST in @entity453 patients and their detection may be used as a diagnostic marker.

title: Spare @entity859 A2a Receptors Are Associated With Positive Exercise Stress Test In XXXX .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['Coronary Artery Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation on the growth of @entity96 . METHODS: MSCs were isolated from the bone marrows of @entity168 @entity35 . Walker-256 @entity5 cells were isolated from the cancerous ascites of @entity35 and cultured. Forty-five @entity168 @entity35 were randomly divided into 3 equal groups: mixed transplantation group undergoing laparotomy and transplantation of @entity5 cells mixed with MSCs into the liver, MSC IV transplantation group undergoing injection of MSCs into the caudal vein, and control group undergoing only MSC transplantation into the liver. MR imaging was performed s at days 3, 6, 9 and 12 after modeling to measure the maximum cross section area of the @entity5 . At day 12 the @entity35 were killed after MR imaging with their livers taken out to undergo HE staining and pathological examination. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factors (VEGF), nm23 gene, a @entity5 metastasis inhibiting gene, and @entity1975 ( @entity1975 ), a nuclear polypeptide necessary in the DNA synthesis. RESULTS: No significant evidence of @entity5 formation was detected by MRI at days 3 and 6 after modeling in all @entity35 and @entity5 nodules were observed since day 9. The maximum cross section areas of @entity5 of the mixed transplantation group and MSC IV transplantation group were significantly larger than that of the control group at days 9 and 12 (F = 4.21, P < 0.05; F = 8.52, P < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry showed that VEGF expression levels of the two study groups were both significantly higher than that of the control group (F = 9.58, P < 0.01), while the nm23 gene expression levels of the 2 study groups were both significantly lower than that of the control group (F = 4.61, P < 0.05). The @entity1975 expression level of the mixed transplantation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (d'((1, 0.05)) = 0.34, d'((1, 0.01)) = 0.63, P < 0.05), however, there was no significant difference in the @entity1975 expression level between the MSCs IV transplantation group and the control group (d'((1, 0.05)) = 0.32, d'((1, 0.01)) = 0.48, P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the @entity5 apoptotic index between the 2 study groups and the control group (F = 1.25, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: MSC transplantation increases the expression of VEGF and @entity1975 , while decreases the expression of nm23 gene in @entity5 cells, thus favoring the @entity5 growth.

title: [Effects of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on growth of @entity96 : experiment with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1975 :: ('25737(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the accuracy and potential clinical effect of using massively parallel sequencing of maternal plasma DNA to detect fetal @entity2007 in a cohort of pregnant @entity1 carrying fetuses with nuchal @entity3609 . METHODS: The MatErnal BLood IS Source to Accurately diagnose fetal @entity2007 (MELISSA) study database was queried to identify eligible @entity1 carrying fetuses with @entity3609 (n=113) based on clinical ultrasonographic examination reports near enrollment. Archived plasma samples were newly sequenced and normalized chromosome values were determined. Aneuploidy classifications for chromosomes 21, 18, 13, and X were made using the massively parallel sequencing data by laboratory personnel blinded to fetal karyotype and compared for analysis. RESULTS: : Sixty-nine of 113 (61%) @entity1 had fetuses with abnormal karyotypes, including trisomy 21 (n=30), @entity2689 (n=21), trisomy 18 (n=10), trisomy 13 (n=4), and other (n=4). There were 44 euploid cases; none was called positive for @entity2007 . The massively parallel sequencing detection rates were as follows: T21: 30 of 30, T18: 10 of 10, T13: three of four, and @entity2689 : 20 of 21, including two complex mosaic cases. Overall, using massively parallel sequencing results of the four studied chromosomes, 107 of 113 (95%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 88.8-98.0) cases were accurately called by massively parallel sequencing, including 63 of 65 (97%, 95% CI 89.3-99.6) of cases of whole chromosome @entity2007 . CONCLUSION: : Massively parallel sequencing provides an accurate way of detecting the most prevalent @entity2007 associated with @entity3609 . Massively parallel sequencing could advance prenatal care by providing alternative point-of-care noninvasive testing for pregnant @entity1 who either decline or do not have access to an invasive procedure. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01122524. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

title: Massively parallel sequencing of maternal plasma DNA in 113 cases of fetal nuchal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3609 :: ('MESH:D018191', 'Disease') :: ['cystic hygroma']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy', 'aneuploidies']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['monosomy X']

answer: @entity3609 :: (MESH:D018191,Disease) :: ['cystic hygroma']


abstract: Chromosome analysis of @entity706 cells was performed in 54 untreated @entity1 with @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). 10 @entity1 had a history of daily occupational handling of organic solvents for at least 1 year (exposed group) and 44 @entity1 had never (or only for shorter periods) worked with solvents (unexposed group). There were no differences between exposed and unexposed @entity1 regarding age, clinical stage or histologic @entity5 grade. The @entity1 were assigned to three categories: @entity1 with 0-4, 5-9, or greater than or equal to 10 cytogenetic events producing clonal aberrations of the @entity706 cells. The proportions of exposed @entity1 in these categories were 2/26 (8%), 5/20 (25%) and 3/8 (38%); respectively, i.e. with increasing numbers of events there was an increasing probability of previous exposure to solvents (p = 0.035, trend analysis). 5 of 7 exposed @entity1 (71%) with intermediate or high-grade @entity706 displayed translocations involving the band 14q32. Such 14q+ markers were found in only 5 out of 28 unexposed @entity1 (18%) with @entity706 of comparable @entity5 grade (p = 0.01). Among unexposed @entity1 with intermediate or high-grade @entity706 the most common clonal aberration was 6q- which occurred in 10 out of 28 @entity1 (36%). This abnormality was not observed in the exposed @entity1 with @entity706 of corresponding @entity5 grades (p = 0.08). It thus appears that the number of clonal chromosome aberrations is especially large in @entity1893 @entity1 with a history of occupational exposure to organic solvents. Moreover, such exposure may be associated with characteristic cytogenetic changes in the @entity706 cells.

title: Relation between occupational exposure to organic solvents and chromosome aberrations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of the 20-m shuttle test with 1-min stages (20- @entity1685 ) to estimate maximal @entity26 uptake (VO2 max) and its ability to register cardiorespiratory modifications over the course of an individualized aerobic training program for mild to moderately @entity748 @entity1 acclimatized to moderate altitude. METHODS: Forty-eight @entity748 subjects aged 12 to 17 years performed both a maximal incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer and the 20- @entity1685 . Ten of the subjects were then randomly chosen and trained three times per week at their ventilatory threshold (Vth) intensity level for three months. Another group of ten @entity748 subjects served as control subjects. Training intensity was adjusted monthly; heart rate values at Vth were increased by the same proportion as the increase in Vo2 max as measured by the 20- @entity1685 . At the end of training, both groups were again evaluated with the two tests. The Vo2 max values by direct measurement and by the 20- @entity1685 were not significantly different for the entire population (46.5 +/- 1.6 vs 47.2 +/- 2.1 ml.min-1.kg-1). In addition, the two test results were in close agreement (r = 0.84; p < 0.01). After training, a sharp improvement in the direct Vo2 max (44.1 +/- 2.4 to 51.2 +/- 1.9 ml.min-1.kg-1) was noted in the training group as well as an increase in the Vth (25.6 +/- 1.9 to 32.1 +/- 3.4 ml.min-1.kg-1), the maximal power (152 +/- 7.1 to 185 +/- 3.8 W), and the maximal @entity26 pulse (0.24 +/- 0.007 to 0.27 +/- 0.008 ml.beat-1.kg-1). CONCLUSION: The indirect measure confirmed these results: a simultaneous increase in VO2 max (43.7 +/- 2.5 to 53.8 +/- 2.1 ml.min-1.kg-1), maximal @entity26 pulse (0.22 +/- 0.004 to 0.27 +/- 0.006 ml.beat-1.kg-1), and the number of stages completed (7 +/- 1.4 to 10.1 +/- 1.3) was observed. It was concluded that the 20- @entity1685 has sufficient validity to assess VO2 max and to register cardiorespiratory modifications over the course of individualized aerobic training programs in mild and moderately @entity748 @entity1 . It thus may be used to adjust training intensities during these programs.

title: Cardiorespiratory fitness evaluation by the shuttle test in XXXX subjects during aerobic training.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify operative morbidity, mortality, and long-term outcome after operative treatment for symptomatic @entity409 ( @entity409 ) and develop a treatment algorithm for @entity1 with @entity409 . BACKGROUND: @entity409 represents a challenging clinical problem that can result in massive @entity382 and various complications, leading to significant decline in health status and quality of life. The optimal surgical treatment for this disease is still evolving. METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent hepatic resection, cyst fenestration, or liver transplantation for @entity409 from 1985 to 2006 were identified retrospectively. Long-term outcomes were evaluated by @entity1 survey. Mean follow-up was 8 +/- 0.5 years. RESULTS: Of 141 @entity1 (122 @entity1 ; age: 51 +/- 1 years) with @entity409 , 117 had concomitant @entity8 . All @entity1 suffered from symptomatic @entity382 with 85% being functionally impaired (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status: 1-3). Despite significant @entity99 in 65%, hepatic function was commonly preserved. A total of 124 @entity1 underwent partial hepatectomy with cyst fenestration, 10 underwent cyst fenestration alone, and 7 underwent liver transplantation for primary treatment of @entity409 . Overall operative morbidity and mortality was 58% and 4%, respectively, with major complications (Clavien grade: III-V) in 30%. Five- and 10-year survival was 90% and 78%, respectively. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status performance status normalized or improved in 75% of @entity1 and 73% returned to work full-time. At follow-up, health survey scores were similar to the general population despite subsequent recurrence of symptoms in 73% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Selective @entity1 with massive @entity382 from @entity409 benefit from operative intervention. The type of operation performed is mainly dependent on the distribution of the cysts, coincident sectoral vascular patency and parenchymal preservation, and hepatic reserve. Hepatic resection can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality, prompt and durable relief of symptoms, and maintenance of liver function. Cyst fenestration and liver transplantation, though effective in selected @entity1 , are less broadly applicable.

title: XXXX : a critical appraisal of hepatic resection, cyst fenestration, and liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['PLD', 'polycystic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['inferior vena cava or hepatic venous compression']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Polycystic liver disease']


abstract: Hippocampal neurones isolated from @entity35 embryos were maintained on glial monolayers in a medium containing no @entity8854 ( @entity367 ). The administration of @entity367 for a limited period induced a @entity204 (loss) of neurones. The degree of @entity528 increased with time after exposure to @entity367 . The extent of @entity528 assessed 24 h after exposure to @entity367 was dependent upon the concentration @entity367 and on the duration of the exposure. An increase in concentration of external @entity141 during the exposure to @entity367 enhanced the extent of loss. By contrast, an increment in concentration of environmental @entity1025 reduced the loss. The inhibitor of spike firing, @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ) and the suppressor of @entity141 entry, @entity9805 , both decreased the extent of loss, when delivered prior to @entity367 . The @entity137 of @entity367 became progressively more apparent with further days of culture. The cytosolic concentration of @entity141 ([ @entity141 ]i) in single hippocampal neurones was monitored by microscopic fluorometry under conditions equivalent to those in the death assay. The time required for the recovery of [ @entity141 ]i from the level elevated by exposure to @entity367 to pre-stimulus levels closely paralleled the degree of @entity528 ; i.e. high doses of @entity367 , long periods of exposure, high concentrations of external @entity141 , low concentrations of external @entity1025 , and extended days of culture all retarded [ @entity141 ]i recovery, while @entity4524 and @entity9805 accelerated it. These findings show that @entity528 resulting from an extraneous excitation (excitotoxicity) can be analyzed in vitro. Furthermore, substantial support has been provided to the hypothesis that excitotoxicity has an underlying mechanism, an excess loading of @entity141 in neuronal cytoplasm.

title: @entity528 in vitro: parallelism between survivability of hippocampal neurones and sustained elevation of cytosolic XXXX after exposure to glutamate receptor agonist.

entities_list: @entity8854 :: ('CHEBI:29985', 'Chemical') :: ['L-glutamate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity9805 :: ('MESH:D009568', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrendipine']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['massive death']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death', 'neuronal loss']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with localized tuberculoid and generalized @entity1203 show respectively @entity1198 and Th2 cytokine profile. Additionally, other @entity1 in both types of @entity1201 also show a non discriminating Th0 cytokine profile with both interferon-y and @entity3646 . The present study investigated the role of Th17 cells which appear to be a distinct subtype of Th subtypes in 19 tuberculoid and 18 @entity1203 @entity1 . Five healthy subjects with long term exposure to @entity281 and 4 skin biopsies from healthy subjects undergoing cosmetic surgery were used as controls. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS: An array of Th17 related primers for cytokines, chemokines and transcription factors was used in real time reverse transcribed PCR to evaluate gene expression, ELISA for cytokine secretion in the supernatants of antigen stimulated PBMC cultures and flow cytometry for establishing the phenotype of the @entity4155 , @entity15787 producing cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: @entity4155 isoforms showed significantly higher expression and release in supernatants of antigen stimulated PBMC cultures and dermal lesions of healthy contacts and @entity4544 as compared to @entity1203 (p<0.003). This was further confirmed by Th17 associated transcription factor RORC, cytokines @entity15787 , @entity13236 , and @entity4452 , chemokines @entity1550 , @entity16365 , @entity14421 . Of interest was the association of @entity14283 and not @entity10497 with @entity4155 (+) cells. The Th17 cells were @entity404 (+) CCR6(+) confirming their effector cell lineage. Polarized @entity1198 cytokines were seen in 3/7 tuberculoid and Th2 cytokines in 5/10 @entity1203 @entity1 . Of importance was the higher association of Th17 pathway factors with the non-polarized Th0 types as compared to the polarized @entity1198 and Th2 (p<0.01). Our study draws attention to a third type of effector Th cell that may play a role in @entity1201 .

title: XXXX + Th17 cells discriminate clinical types and constitute a third subset of non @entity1198 , Non Th2 T cells in @entity1 @entity1201 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1203 :: ('MESH:D015440', 'Disease') :: ['lepromatous leprosy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4544 :: ('MESH:D015441', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculoid leprosy']

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Inflammation and @entity519 are frequently associated, but their interaction is poorly understood. In vitro studies have shown that @entity519 stimulates the genes of acute phase proteins (APP) and cytokines known to induce APP. We decided to determine kinetics and potential determinants of an acute phase response after @entity1167 and to assess whether isolated moderate @entity519 can induce APP in @entity1 in vivo. DESIGN: Prospective, observational study in @entity1 and @entity1 experiment. SETTING: Tertiary care university hospital. @entity1 AND @entity1 : 22 @entity1 after primarily successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and 7 healthy volunteers. INTERVENTIONS: None in @entity1 ; exposure of volunteers to simulated altitude (460 torr/6 h). RESULTS: Following CPR, type-1 APP (C-reactive protein, alpha 1-acidglycoprotein, serum amyloid A) and type-2 APP (haptoglobin, alpha 1-antitrypsin) increased consistently within 1-2 days and the 'negative' APP @entity69 was downregulated. This APP response occurred irrespective of the cause of arrest, the estimated time of @entity519 , clinical course or @entity1 outcome and was not different in @entity1 with and without @entity166 complications. Exposure of healthy volunteers to less severe but more prolonged @entity519 did not induce APP, although a time dependent increase of serum @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ) was measurable under these conditions, indicating the activation of @entity26 dependent gene expression. CONCLUSIONS: (i) A marked acute phase response occurs regularly after @entity1167 , but within the complexity of this situation the severity of @entity519 is not a predominant determinant of this response. (ii) Despite in vitro evidence for similarities in the @entity26 dependent regulation of APP and @entity1307 production, the @entity26 sensitivity of these proteins in vivo is different. (iii) Measurements of APP are not revealing regarding @entity166 complications in the early phase after CPR.

title: Kinetics and characteristics of an acute phase response following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'EPO']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['anoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the predictive value of MR imaging criteria, the biopsy Gleason score, and preoperative @entity11179 levels for differentiating between T2 and @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Endorectal MR images of 81 @entity1 (median age: 65 years, range: 48 to 81 years) who had biopsy-proven @entity263 and underwent a radical prostatectomy were analyzed retrospectively. The existence of different imaging features were recorded for each @entity1 . A radiological analysis comprising all used imaging criteria was also performed for every @entity1 . Optimal cut-off levels for the biopsy Gleason score and preoperative @entity11179 levels were obtained using ROC analyses. Subsequently, a logistic regression analysis was performed to identify features which make a significant contribution to the prediction of the @entity5 stage. RESULTS: Histological examination showed that 24 @entity1 (29.6 %) had a T3 @entity5 and 57 @entity1 (70.4 %) had a T2 @entity5 . The mean preoperative @entity11179 level was 9.4 ng/ml (+/- 7 ng/ml), and the median Gleason score was 6 with a range of 4 to 8. The radiological judgment comprising all imaging criteria led to a sensitivity of 54.2 % and specificity of 79 % for the detection of a T3 @entity5 . The obliteration of the rectoprostatic angle (regression coefficient B = 2.30; standard error (se) = 0.80; p = 0.002) and the biopsy Gleason score (B = 1.16; se = 0.3; p = 0.001) were the parameters with the highest independent predictive value for the diagnosis of an extracapsular @entity5 spread. The other radiological criteria and the preoperative @entity11179 level were not statistically significant. A combination of the parameters "obliteration of the rectoprostatic angle" and "biopsy Gleason score" led to a sensitivity and specificity of 75 % and 79 %, respectively (existence of one parameter sufficient). The optimal cut-off value was a Gleason score of 7 for the differentiation between T2 and @entity263 . CONCLUSION: In our study, only the criteria "obliteration of the rectoprostatic angle" and "biopsy Gleason score" were of predictive value for the diagnosis of a @entity263 . The other MR imaging criteria and the preoperative @entity11179 levels had no additional benefit.

title: [Staging of @entity263 : value of the combined information of endorectal MRI, biopsy Gleason score, and preoperative XXXX level].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['T3 prostate carcinomas', 'prostate cancer', 'T3 prostate carcinoma']

answer: @entity11179 :: (9520,Gene) :: ['PSA']


abstract: PURPOSE: The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between @entity14811 Activity Index (PUCAI) and operative management. We also specifically evaluated those @entity1 receiving @entity1140 for their disease. METHODS: A retrospective review (1/06-1/11) identified @entity31 @entity1 ( <=21 years old) undergoing restorative proctocolectomy with rectal mucosectomy and ileal pouch-anal @entity254 . Main outcomes included pre-operative PUCAI, combined versus staged procedure, and @entity260 . @entity1 receiving @entity1140 within 3 months of surgical intervention were identified. PUCAI at @entity1140 induction and medication side effects were also noted. RESULTS: Sixty @entity1 were identified. Forty-two (70%) underwent combined and 18 (30%) had staged procedures. Pre-operative PUCAI was lower for combined versus staged @entity1 (p = < 0.001). Furthermore, a higher pre-operative PUCAI strongly correlated with the likelihood of undergoing a staged procedure (p < 0.001). Forty-four @entity1 (73%) received @entity1140 . Significant improvement in their PUCAI was noted from induction to pre-operative evaluation (p < 0.001). Minor and reversible side effects occurred in 46% of @entity1 receiving @entity1140 , but complication rates were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: There is a very strong correlation between the PUCAI and the likelihood of undergoing a staged procedure. A significant improvement in PUCAI occurs following preoperative @entity1140 therapy.

title: Predictive value of the XXXX Activity Index in the surgical management of @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity14811 :: ('MESH:C536315', 'Disease') :: ['Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity14811 :: (MESH:C536315,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Households from vulnerable groups experiencing epidemiological transitions are known to be affected concomitantly by under-nutrition and @entity28 . Yet, it is unknown to what extent this double burden affects refugee populations dependent on food assistance. We assessed the double burden of @entity3147 among Western Sahara refugees living in a protracted emergency. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We implemented a stratified nutrition survey in October-November 2010 in the four Western Sahara refugee camps in Algeria. We sampled 2,005 households, collecting anthropometric measurements (weight, height, and waist circumference) in 1,608 @entity1 (6-59 mo) and 1,781 @entity1 (15-49 y). We estimated the prevalence of global acute @entity3147 (GAM), stunting, underweight, and overweight in @entity1 ; and stunting, underweight, overweight, and @entity1144 in @entity1 . To assess the burden of @entity3147 within households, households were first classified according to the presence of each type of @entity3147 . Households were then classified as undernourished, overweight, or affected by the double burden if they presented members with under-nutrition, overweight, or both, respectively. The prevalence of GAM in @entity1 was 9.1%, 29.1% were stunted, 18.6% were underweight, and 2.4% were overweight; among the @entity1 , 14.8% were stunted, 53.7% were overweight or @entity28 , and 71.4% had @entity1144 . @entity1144 (47.2%) and overweight (38.8%) in @entity1 affected a higher proportion of households than did GAM (7.0%), stunting (19.5%), or underweight (13.3%) in @entity1 . Overall, households classified as overweight (31.5%) were most common, followed by undernourished (25.8%), and then double burden-affected (24.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The double burden of @entity28 and under-nutrition is highly prevalent in households among Western Sahara refugees. The results highlight the need to focus more attention on non-communicable diseases in this population and balance @entity28 prevention and management with interventions to tackle under-nutrition. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.

title: The double burden of @entity28 and XXXX in a protracted emergency setting: a cross-sectional study of Western Sahara refugees.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity', 'Central obesity']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: Clinical trials of @entity28 treatments have been limited by substantial dropout. @entity1 -level variables do not reliably predict @entity6661 , and study-level variables have not yet been examined. We searched MEDLINE and identified 24 large randomized controlled trials of @entity353 medications. These trials were comprised of 23 placebo and 32 drug groups. Two authors independently extracted the following for each treatment group: (i) treatment received; (ii) design characteristics (inclusion of a lead-in period, selection of @entity1 with weight-related comorbidities, study location and number of study visits); (iii) sample characteristics (sample size, % female, and mean baseline age and body mass index); and (iv) @entity6661 (total, adverse event [AE]-related and non-AE-related) at 1 year. The primary outcome was @entity6661 , which was significantly related to treatment (i.e. 34.9%, 28.6%, 28.3% and 35.1% in placebo, @entity350 , @entity352 and @entity351 groups, respectively, P < 0.0001). In adjusted multivariable models, @entity6661 was significantly lower in groups that completed a pre-randomization lead-in period than in those that did not (29.1% vs. 39.9%, P < 0.01). Gender also was significantly related to @entity6661 ; groups with more @entity1 had higher dropout (P < 0.01). The pattern was similar for predicting non-AE-related @entity6661 . Findings suggest ways to design studies that maximize retention.

title: Attrition from randomized controlled trials of pharmacological XXXX agents: a systematic review and analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participant']

entities_list: @entity350 :: ('MESH:C055122', 'Chemical') :: ['orlistat']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity352 :: ('MESH:C058254', 'Chemical') :: ['sibutramine']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition', 'total attrition']

entities_list: @entity351 :: ('MESH:C089032', 'Chemical') :: ['rimonabant']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is important in both clinical practice and clinical trials, and several multi-item questionnaires are currently in use. We have devised and evaluated a simplified four-item questionnaire, the Short Health Scale (SHS), representing each of four health dimensions: (a) symptom burden, (b) social function, (c) disease-related worry and (d) general well-being. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three hundred @entity1 with @entity31 completed the SHS and three other HRQOL questionnaires (IBDQ, RFIPC and PGWB). Half of the @entity1 repeated the questionnaires after 6 months - or earlier if disease activity changed. Test-retest reliability was derived from measurements of the SHS questions, 2 weeks apart, on 18 @entity1 in remission. RESULTS: @entity1 in relapse scored higher on each of the four SHS questions than @entity1 in remission (p < 0.001). Each of the four SHS scores were associated with results of their corresponding health dimension obtained with the other three questionnaires (rs=0.57-0.78, p < 0.001) (validity). The results of the SHS proved stable on repeated measurement with a 2-week interval in @entity1 in remission (rs=0.71-0.91, p < 0.01) (test-retest reliability). @entity1 with a change in disease activity had a significant change in their SHS scores (p < 0.05) (responsiveness). CONCLUSIONS: The SHS is a valid, reliable and responsive measure of subjective health in @entity1 with @entity31 . It is simple to administer, quickly completed and the results do not need further calculations. The SHS can be used in clinical trials and in clinical practice to identify the @entity1 's main problems affecting health.

title: The Short Health Scale: a valid measure of subjective health in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2690 resistance contributes to the cardio-metabolic risk. The effect of @entity1243 in @entity28 and overweight population on @entity2690 resistance was seldom reported. METHODS: A total of 1234 subjects (572 @entity1 and 662 @entity1 ) aged >= 18 y was sampled by the procedure. Adiposity measures included BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, WHR, upper arm circumference, triceps skinfold and body fat percentage. Serum @entity1243 concentrations were measured by an ELISA method. The homeostasis model (HOMA-IR) was applied to estimate @entity2690 resistance. RESULTS: In @entity1 , BMI was the variable which was most strongly correlated with @entity1243 , whereas triceps skinfold was most sensitive for @entity1 . More importantly, serum @entity1243 levels among @entity2690 resistant subjects were almost double compared to the subjects who had normal @entity2690 sensitivity at the same level of adiposity in both @entity1 and @entity1 , after controlling for potential confounders. In addition, HOMA-IR increased significantly across @entity1243 quintiles after adjustment for age, BMI, total energy intake, physical activity and smoking status in both @entity1 and @entity1 (p for trend <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant association between HOMA-IR and serum @entity1243 concentrations in Chinese @entity1 and @entity1 , independently of adiposity levels. This may suggest that serum @entity1243 concentration is an important predictor of @entity2690 resistance and other metabolic risks irrespective of obesity levels. Furthermore, @entity1243 levels may be used to identify the cardio-metabolic risk in @entity28 and overweight population.

title: Association between serum @entity1243 concentrations and XXXX resistance: a population-based study from China.

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: We previously identified a novel integrin alpha-chain in @entity1 fetal muscle cells (Gullberg, D., Velling, T., Sj  berg, G., and Sejersen, T. (1995) Dev. Dyn. 204, 57-65). We have now isolated the full-length cDNA for this @entity48990 . The open reading frame of the cDNA encodes a precursor of 1188 @entity1522 . The predicted mature protein of 1166 @entity1522 contains seven conserved FG-GAP repeats, an I domain with a metal ion-dependent adhesion site motif, a short transmembrane region, and a unique cytoplasmic domain of 24 @entity1522 containing the sequence GFFRS. alpha(11), like other I domain integrins, lacks a dibasic cleavage site for generation of a heavy chain and a light chain, and it contains three potential divalent cation binding sites in repeats 5-7. The presence of 22 inserted @entity1522 in the extracellular stalk portion ( @entity1522 804-826) distinguishes the alpha(11) integrin sequence from other integrin alpha-chains. @entity535 sequence comparisons reveal the highest identity of 42% with the alpha(10) integrin chain. Immunoprecipitation with antibodies to alpha(11) integrin captures a 145-kDa protein distinctly larger than the 140-kDa alpha(2) integrin chain when analyzed by @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions. Fluorescence in situ hybridization maps the @entity48990 gene to chromosome 15q23, in the vicinity of an identified locus for @entity21160 . Based on Northern blotting, @entity48990 mRNA levels are high in the adult @entity1 uterus and in the heart and intermediate in skeletal muscle and some other tissues tested. During in vitro myogenic differentiation, alpha(11) mRNA and protein are up-regulated. Studies of ligand binding properties show that alpha(11)beta(1) binds collagen type I-Sepharose, and cultured muscle cells localize alpha(11)beta(1) into focal contacts on collagen type I. Future studies will reveal the importance of alpha(11)beta(1) for muscle development and integrity in adult muscle and other tissues.

title: cDNA cloning and chromosomal localization of XXXX alpha(11) integrin. A collagen-binding, I domain-containing, beta(1)-associated integrin alpha-chain present in muscle tissues.

entities_list: @entity21160 :: ('MESH:D020788', 'Disease') :: ['Bardet-Biedl syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity48990 :: ('22801', 'Gene') :: ['integrin subunit, alpha(11)', 'integrin alpha(11)']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['Amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine safety and feasibility of conscious sedation using @entity6948 for transcatheter @entity118 ( @entity118 ) device closure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective institutional review of transcatheter @entity118 device closure without endotracheal intubation over 18 months. The protocol included topical oropharyngeal anesthesia using @entity3303 followed by @entity6948 bolus 1  g/kg intravenously over 10 min and maintenance dose 0.2-0.7  g/kg/h. Ramsay sedation score 2-3 was maintained. @entity1 were analyzed regarding demographic profile, device size, procedure time, anesthesia time, recovery time, hospital stay, and any hemodynamic or procedural complications. RESULTS: A total of 43 @entity1 with mean age 31.56    13.74 years (range: 12-56 years) were analyzed. Mean anesthesia duration was 71.75 + 21.08 min. Mean recovery time was 7.6    3.01 min. 16 females and one male @entity1 required additional @entity1875 with a mean dose of 30.8    10.49 mg. No hemodynamic instability was noted. No @entity1 required general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. The procedure was successful in 93.02% of @entity1 . Four @entity1 developed @entity955 . All @entity1 were satisfied. CONCLUSION: Conscious sedation using @entity6948 is a safe and effective anesthetic technique for percutaneous @entity118 closure.

title: Conscious sedation using XXXX for percutaneous transcatheter closure of @entity118 : A single center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lignocaine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine']

answer: @entity6948 :: (MESH:D020927,Chemical) :: ['dexmedetomidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: L. tropica can cause both @entity234 in @entity1 . Although the L. tropica-induced @entity66 has been long known, its potential to visceralize in @entity1 was recognized only recently. As nothing is known about the genetics of host responses to this @entity281 and their clinical impact, we developed an informative animal model. We described previously that the recombinant congenic strain CcS-16 carrying 12.5% genes from the resistant parental strain STS/A and 87.5% genes from the susceptible strain BALB/c is more susceptible to L. tropica than BALB/c. We used these strains to map and functionally characterize the gene-loci regulating the immune responses and pathology. METHODS: We analyzed genetics of response to L. tropica in infected F2 hybrids between BALB/c CcS-16. CcS-16 strain carries STS-derived segments on nine chromosomes. We genotyped these segments in the F2 hybrid @entity19 and tested their linkage with pathological changes and systemic immune responses. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We mapped 8 Ltr ( @entity3667 tropica response) loci. Four loci (Ltr2, Ltr3, Ltr6 and Ltr8) exhibit independent responses to L. tropica, while Ltr1, Ltr4, Ltr5 and Ltr7 were detected only in gene-gene interactions with other Ltr loci. Ltr3 exhibits the recently discovered phenomenon of transgenerational parental effect on parasite numbers in spleen. The most precise mapping (4.07 Mb) was achieved for Ltr1 (chr.2), which controls parasite numbers in lymph nodes. Five Ltr loci co-localize with loci controlling susceptibility to @entity3667 , three are likely L. tropica specific. Individual Ltr loci affect different subsets of responses, exhibit organ specific effects and a separate control of parasite load and organ pathology. CONCLUSION: We present the first identification of genetic loci controlling susceptibility to L. tropica. The different combinations of alleles controlling various symptoms of the disease likely co-determine different manifestations of disease induced by the same pathogen in individual @entity19 .

title: Mapping the genes for susceptibility and response to XXXX tropica in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous disease']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3667 :: ('5664', 'Species') :: ['L. major', 'Leishmania']

answer: @entity3667 :: (5664,Species) :: ['Leishmania']


abstract: @entity3085 is a prominent feature of advanced @entity378 , in association with increased expression of the monokine @entity5 factor ( @entity310 . Monocytes, have high affinity receptors ( @entity3913 , complement and Fc gamma1 and gamma111) which mediate antigen uptake and subsequent cytokine activation. Several mycobacterial proteins, including @entity10155 , can stimulate @entity310 secretion from monocytes. However, the role of various receptors in stimulating or regulating @entity310 secretion is still unclear. We have previously shown selective augmentation of opsonic antibodies (IgG1 and @entity3172 ) in @entity378 @entity1 with advanced @entity358 . We now analyse the role of opsonizing antibodies in modulating @entity310 expression in antigen stimulated monocytes. @entity10155 was used as the prototypic mycobacterial antigen to stimulate monocytes from @entity10155 skin test negative donors (n = 7) in the presence of plasma from @entity378 @entity1 (n = 8), containing known amounts of IgG1 and @entity3172 anti- @entity10155 antibodies. @entity310 secretion was enhanced in the presence of @entity1906 plasma (4/8) but not in the presence of control plasma. Using Spearman Rank analysis (two-tailed Fisher exact test), a significant correlation (rho = 0.762; P = 0. 04) was observed between IgG1 antibodies and enhancement of @entity310 secretion. No significant association was observed with IgG2 (rho = 0.310; P = 0.41), @entity3172 (rho = 0.089; P = 0.81) or IgG4 (rho = - 0.357; P = 0.347) subclass antibodies. Absorption of IgG1 with protein 'A' removed the enhancement of @entity310 secretion activity from the plasma samples. Our results therefore indicate that IgG1 antibodies may enhance the chronic release of @entity310 in @entity1906 @entity1 with progressive disease and, for the first time, show a direct link between disease pathogenesis and raised antibody levels.

title: @entity10155 -specific IgG1 antibody subclass upregulate @entity5 factor expression in @entity10155 -stimulated monocytes: possible link with disease pathogenesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour necrosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To develop a clinically aligned, reproducible model for @entity130 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized control pilot study. METHODS: Juvenile (3-month-old) New Zealand White @entity95 underwent intubation with a 3-cm length of an endotracheal tube that was chosen so that there would be no air leak below 20 cm of water. This tube was one or two sizes above the appropriate tube for the animal. It was held in situ with a suture placed at the @entity825 and secured over a button in the neck for a period of 1 week. Animals were sacrificed 1 week postextubation, and larynges were harvested. A range of histological techniques and gross morphology were utilized to examine the injury caused at the level of the subglottis. Unintubated animals constituted controlled specimens. RESULTS: Intubated animals demonstrated considerable histopathology including evidence of @entity1066 , @entity32 , granulation tissue, @entity9257 , and @entity12391 when compared with control animals. Morphometric analysis demonstrated a significant increase in lamina propria thickness (P = .0013), mucosal thickness (P  <= .0001), and in goblet cell areal density (P = .014). Analysis of mucin types found a significant decrease in acidic (P = .0001) mucin coinciding with a significant increase in mixed mucin types (P = .0013). CONCLUSIONS: Our model provides a reliable and reproducible technique for acute/subacute injury to the subglottis secondary to intubation, which is consistent with previous histological findings of early changes associated with acquired @entity5142 ( @entity5142 ). Future uses of this model could include the examination of current adjunctive therapies and their effects on limiting progression to @entity5142 .

title: XXXX : a clinically relevant animal model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity9257 :: ('MESH:D007818', 'Disease') :: ['perichondritis']

entities_list: @entity5142 :: ('MESH:D007829', 'Disease') :: ['subglottic stenosis', 'SGS']

entities_list: @entity12391 :: ('MESH:D013991', 'Disease') :: ['chondritis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['subglottic injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Subglottic injury']


abstract: Impairment of intestinal nutritive perfusion and accumulation of inflammatory cells in the intestinal microvasculature are well-known sequelae of @entity5327 /reperfusion, @entity295 , and shock. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these alterations are still not fully understood. The @entity19 is particularly suitable for the study of these mechanisms since in this species the involvement of, for example, adhesion receptors or pro-/anti-adhesive mediators can be selectively investigated by the use of monoclonal antibodies or gene-targeted strains. The aim of our present study was, therefore, to establish a model to investigate the microcirculation in the @entity19 small intestine. Under anesthesia by inhalation of @entity5161 - @entity3727 , Balb/c @entity19 (n = 16) were laparotomized, and a segment of the jejunum was exteriorized for intrvital fluorescence microscopy. Using @entity2823 -dextran (MW 150,000) as a plasma marker, @entity177 ( @entity177 ) of both the intestinal mucosa and muscle layer was analyzed. Nutritive perfusion was homogeneous in both compartments with values for @entity177 of 512 +/- 15 cm-1 in mucosa and 226 +/- 21 cm-1 in the muscle layer. No significant changes were observed throughout the observation period of 2 h ( @entity177 values at the end of the observation period: 524 +/- 31 cm-1 and 207 +/- 7 cm-1 in mucosa and muscle, respectively). Besides capillary perfusion, leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction was analyzed in postcapillary venules of the intestinal submucosa using @entity19501 as an in vivo leukocyte stain. Under physiological conditions only a few white blood cells were found rolling along or firmly adherent to the microvascular endothelium (number of rolling leukocytes 1 +/- 0.2 cells/mm per second; number of adherent leukocytes: 18 +/- 7 cells/mm2). In a separate group @entity19501 -labeled syngeneic platelets were infused to analyze platelet-endothelial cell interactions quantitatively in vivo. Platelets rolled along or attached to the endothelium in a manner similar to leukocytes. However, in contrast to leukocytes the interactions were not restricted to venules, but were also observed in small arterioles. The newly established model allows for the visualization and quantitative assessment of both nutritive perfusion and platelet/leukocytendothelial cell interactions within the distinct layers of the @entity19 small intestine. Using this model in combination with gene-targeted mice or monoclonal antibodies it is possible to investigate the molecular mechanisms of intestinal inflammation reactions.

title: Quantitative analysis of small intestinal microcirculation in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['functional capillary density', 'FCD']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity19501 :: ('CHEBI:52672', 'Chemical') :: ['rhodamine-6G']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischemia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: We herein report a Japanese case of @entity13746 . The @entity1 was a 19-year-old female. She was the product of a full-term forceps delivery. Birth weight was 2500 g. She had a defect of the right pectoral muscle, and syndactyly of the right hand. When she was 10 days old, facial @entity306 , bilateral @entity2896 , and @entity1736 were also noted. She was admitted to our hospital at 19 years of age. On physical examination, she had microsyndactyly of the right hand, and her right pectoralis major muscle was absent. Neurological examination revealed bilateral @entity2896 , mild impairement of the upward and adducting movement of both eyes and bilateral @entity425 and @entity194 of the left side of her tongue. Her karyotype was normal. Neither R 1 nor R 2 response was evoked in the blink reflex on either side. Brain MRI disclosed thin facial nerves and @entity194 of the pons and medulla. Therefore, she was diagnosed as a case of @entity13746 . In this case, the facial nerves were considered to be hypoplastic.

title: [A Japanese case of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['facial weakness']

entities_list: @entity2896 :: ('MESH:D020434', 'Disease') :: ['abducens nerve palsy', 'abducens nerve paresis']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral ptosis']

entities_list: @entity13746 :: ('MESH:D011045', 'Disease') :: ['Poland-M  bius syndrome']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['diplegia']

answer: @entity13746 :: (MESH:D011045,Disease) :: ['Poland-M  bius syndrome']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Comparison of @entity1372 concentration ([ @entity4024 ]) and proton T2 relaxation time between normal and degenerated discs in a @entity95 model. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article was to evaluate quantitative [ @entity4024 ] and T2 characteristics of discs associated with degenerative changes. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity1797 is a common chronic condition that may @entity615 , limited activity, and disability. Noninvasive imaging method to detect early @entity1797 is vital to follow disease progression and guide clinical treatment and management. METHODS: Dual-tuned magnetic resonance imaging of @entity95 discs was performed using 3T. Thirteen @entity95 were included in the study; 6 control @entity95 (24 normal discs) and 7 @entity95 with annular puncture-induced @entity1797 (9 degenerated discs, 19 intact internal-control discs). Dual-tuned magnetic resonance imaging of discs was performed at baseline and 12-week poststab. [ @entity4024 ] and T2 were measured and compared among 3 groups of discs. RESULTS: The mean [ @entity4024 ] were 274.8    40.2 mM for the normal discs, 247.2    27.7 mM for the internal-control discs, and 190.6    19.1 mM for the degenerated discs. The corresponding T2 for 3 groups were 97.1    12.1 ms, 93.7    11.9 ms, and 79.0    9.1 ms, respectively. The [ @entity4024 ] is highly correlated with the T2 in the degenerated discs (r = 0.90, P < 0.01). The mean percent decreases from the normal to degenerated discs were in 30.6% in [ @entity4024 ] and 18.6% in T2, whereas those from the internal-control to degenerated discs were 22.9% in [ @entity4024 ] and 15.6% in T2. CONCLUSION: Although both [ @entity4024 ] and T2 changes in discs were associated with the disc-punctured @entity95 , greater change in [ @entity4024 ] is observed at 12-week poststab compared with T2 change. Because T2 and [ @entity4024 ] reflect different disc properties, performing both imaging under same condition will be helpful in the evaluation of @entity1797 .

title: Part 2: Quantitative proton T2 and @entity1372 magnetic resonance imaging to assess XXXX in a @entity95 model.

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['Intervertebral disc degeneration', 'intervertebral disc degeneration', 'disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['lead to back pain']

answer: @entity1797 :: (MESH:D055959,Disease) :: ['intervertebral disc degeneration']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To show an approach to profit of the main components of platelet rich plasma (PRP), i.e. the signaling proteins, and the fibrin scaffold and discuss the intervention within TIME (Tissue, Inflammation/Infection, Moisture, Edges) framework. METHODS: Two @entity1 with @entity4760 are treated with both liquid and gelled PRP, and the rationale for the PRP intervention is described herein. Autologous blood is withdrawn and, PRP is separated by single spinning and activated with @entity15130 prior to application. PRP is injected in an activated liquid form, i.e. freshly activated, before coagulation, within the wound edges. In fibrotic tissue PRP is introduced performing a needling procedure. In addition, PRP, clotted ex-vivo, is applied in the wound bed as a primary dressing. RESULTS: Both @entity1 responded positively to PRP intervention. Case 1 healed after five weekly PRP applications. Case 2 healed after eight weekly PRP applications. @entity1 satisfaction was high in both cases. The procedure had no complications, is well tolerated and easy to perform in any medical setting. CONCLUSION: PRP intervention is safe and if associated with correct tissue debridement and preparation of the host tissue it may help to decrease the burden of @entity4760 . Carefully designed randomized clinical trials with special attention to the PRP procedure are needed to assess the efficacy of these interventions.

title: Biological approach for the management of non-healing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']

answer: @entity4760 :: (MESH:D017719,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the results of the laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) using a second-cut hinged corneal flap to treat regression 1 year after primary LASIK for @entity1714 . SETTING: Istanbul University, Eye Research Center, Istanbul, @entity233 . METHODS: Six eyes of 4 @entity1 who had a mean myopic regression of -6.20 diopters (D) +/- 1.10 (SD) 1 year after primary LASIK were retreated with secondary LASIK performed using the Automated Corneal Shaper (Chiron Vision) and a 193 nm excimer laser (Chiron Technolas, Keracor 116). Fluence was 130 mJ/cm2 and the repetition rate, 10 Hz. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 12.16 +/- 0.75 months. At the last follow-up, the mean spherical equivalent was -0.18 +/- 0.77 D (range +0.12 to -1.25 D). Two eyes (33.3%) remained within +/- 0.50 D of emmetropia; 5 eyes (83.3%) were within +/- 1.00 D of emmetropia. No @entity1 lost best spectacle-corrected visual acuity. No complications occurred such as @entity1713 and rolling, irregularity, or tearing of the new corneal flap. CONCLUSION: Secondary LASIK was an effective, safe method to treat regression after primary LASIK for @entity1714 .

title: Secondary laser in situ keratomileusis 1 year after primary LASIK for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['detachment of the former corneal flap']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['high myopia']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['high myopia']


abstract: Diffuse large cell @entity1892 of the skin is most commonly represented by diffuse large cell variants of primary @entity706 . In a minority of cases, the infiltrates are an expression of stage 4 disease of established extracutaneous @entity1892 . We describe 3 @entity1 with an aggressive form of @entity1892 secondarily involving the skin. Two of the @entity1 were in the ninth decade of life, whereas 1 @entity1 was 34 years of age. In the elderly @entity1 , there was an antecedent and/or concurrent history of @entity706 , whereas in the younger @entity1 , the @entity5 was a de novo presentation of this aggressive form of @entity706 . The elderly @entity1 succumbed to their disease within less than a year from the time of diagnosis, whereas 1 @entity1 is alive but with persistent and progressive disease despite chemotherapeutic intervention. The infiltrates in all 3 cases were diffuse and composed of large malignant hematopoietic cells that exhibited a round nucleus with a finely dispersed @entity11407 . Phenotypically, the @entity5 cells were @entity588 and @entity2282 positive, whereas @entity4042 and @entity14546 showed variable positivity. One case showed combined @entity14546 positivity along with an acute @entity981 phenotype, including the absence of @entity2225 expression. In each case, there was a @entity517 and @entity588 / @entity7513 rearrangement diagnostic of double-hit @entity706 . In one case, there was an additional @entity4042 rearrangement, defining what is in essence triple-hit @entity706 . In conclusion, double-hit @entity706 is an aggressive form of @entity1892 resistant to standard chemotherapy regimens, which in many but not all cases represents @entity5 progression in the setting of a lower grade B-cell malignancy.

title: Cutaneous double-hit @entity1892 : an aggressive form of XXXX with a propensity for cutaneous dissemination.

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoblastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'cutaneous follicle center cell lymphoma and the leg-type lymphoma', 'follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma', 'B-cell neoplasia']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell lymphoma']


abstract: AIM: To assess the impact of comorbidities on @entity712 ( @entity712 ) therapy. METHODS: The IMPROVEMENT-HF survey included 11,062 @entity1 from 100 primary care practices in 14 European countries. The influence of @entity1 characteristics on drug regimes was assessed with multinomial logistical regression. RESULTS: Combined drug regimes were given to 48% of @entity712 @entity1 , consisting of 2.2 drugs on average. @entity1 characteristics accounted for 35%, 42% and 10% of the variance in one-, two- and three-drug regimes, respectively. @entity583 ( @entity583 ), @entity955 ( @entity955 ), @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity358 influenced prescribing most. @entity955 made all combinations containing beta-blockers more likely. Thus for single drug regimes, @entity583 increased the likelihood for non-recommended beta-blocker monotherapy (OR 1.3; 95% CI 1.2-1.4), while for combination therapy recommended regimes were most likely. For both @entity101 and @entity6 , ACE-inhibitors were the most likely single drug, while the most likely second drugs were beta-blockers in @entity101 and digoxin in @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 characteristics have a clear impact on prescribing in European primary care. Up to 56% of drug regimes were rational taking @entity1 characteristics into account. Situations of insufficient prescribing, such as @entity1 post @entity583 , need to be addressed specifically.

title: The relevance of comorbidities for XXXX treatment in primary care: A European survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'Myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity48707 is a very rare @entity600 , and only 41 cases are described in the literature. Given its rarity, there is no standardized surgical protocol. This article describes our preferred treatment, which underlines the importance of maxillary osteotomy for obtaining satisfactory results. METHODS: We observed 3 @entity1 with @entity48707 , 2 of whom were treated by a 2-step surgical protocol. During the first phase, the @entity1 underwent maxillary osteotomy with the creation of a new epithelium-lined nasal cavity. A skin expander was also placed in the forehead. During the second step, an external nose was created in both @entity1 from the expanded forehead flap with local perinasal flaps and costochondral grafts. RESULTS: Both reconstructions were viable and esthetically acceptable. No internal nose restenosis was observed. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of our experience, maxillary osteotomy should be considered part of an integrated approach in treating @entity48707 .

title: The role of maxillary osteotomy in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity48707 :: ('MESH:C537429', 'Disease') :: ['arhinia', 'Arhinia']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

answer: @entity48707 :: (MESH:C537429,Disease) :: ['arhinia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Endoscopic subureteral @entity736 (Teflon) injection has been used successfully to treat primary and secondary @entity3025 in @entity1 . We review the results of subureteral @entity736 injection in terms of its effectiveness, long-term followup and morbidity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 53 pediatric urologists and/or pediatric surgeons at 41 centers worldwide answered an inquiry regarding experience with subureteral @entity736 injection in @entity3025 . Data were collected from a completed standard questionnaire. From 1984 to 1996, 1,921 @entity1 and 6,411 @entity1 with a mean age of 4.5 years (12,251 refluxing ureters) were treated endoscopically with subureteral @entity736 injection. Reflux was grades I to V in 407 (3.3%), 3,832 (31.2%), 5,213 (42.5%), 2,218 (18.1%) and 581 (4.7%) ureters, respectively. In the majority of @entity1 subureteral @entity736 injection was performed on an outpatient basis. Most urologists monitored @entity1 with voiding cystourethrography and renal ultrasound at 3 months, 1 year and 3 years. All @entity1 were followed 1 to 13 years. RESULTS: Reflux resolved in 9,226 ureters (75.3%) after 1 @entity736 injection, in 1,478 (12%) after 2 and in 250 (2%) after 3 or 4. @entity3025 improved to grade I after 1 or 2 injections in 743 (6%) ureters, which needed no further treatment. Subureteral injection failed to correct reflux in 554 ureters (4.5%), which were then treated with ureteral reimplantation. Vesicoureteral junction obstruction requiring ureteral reimplantation developed in 41 ureters (0.33%). More than 90% of @entity1 have been followed for more than 2 years. At followup reflux recurred in 326 (2.8%) endoscopically corrected refluxing ureters. No clinically untoward effects were reported in any @entity1 due to the use of @entity736 as an injectable material. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this multicenter survey confirm that endoscopic subureteral @entity736 injection is a simple, safe and effective outpatient procedure for treating all grades of @entity3025 .

title: Multicenter survey of endoscopic treatment of XXXX using @entity736 .

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['vesicoureteral reflux', 'Vesicoureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

answer: @entity3025 :: (MESH:D014718,Disease) :: ['vesicoureteral reflux']


abstract: There are considerable data suggesting that vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity12180 ) is involved in the regulation of PRL secretion; however, the role and cell of origin of anterior pituitary @entity12180 remain to be determined. Immunocytochemical (ICC) studies have generally failed to detect @entity12180 -immunoreactive (IR) cells in the pituitary of the untreated @entity35 , although @entity12180 -IR cells have been observed in the pituitaries of @entity1375 or @entity172 -treated @entity35 . This study was designed to examine the cellular distribution and tissue content of @entity12180 in the anterior pituitary gland of @entity35 under selected endocrine conditions known to alter the rates of PRL and @entity12180 synthesis and secretion. To this end, anterior pituitary @entity12180 and PRL content (ICC and RIA) and serum PRL levels were determined in ovariectomized (OVX) and OVX @entity35 3 days after treatment with 7 or 70 micrograms @entity4520 (EB). For comparison, pituitary @entity12180 and PRL content (ICC and RIA) and serum PRL levels in untreated male and diestrous female @entity35 were determined. Immunostaining for @entity12180 was accomplished using a newly developed primary antiserum. Significant numbers of @entity12180 -IR cells per 5-microns section were found in the anterior pituitary glands of all animals examined (275 +/- 33 in diestrous to 481 +/- 103 cells in male @entity35 ). @entity12180 was not colocalized with PRL in any of the pituitaries regardless of @entity134 treatment or sex. Furthermore, the number of @entity12180 -IR cells per pituitary gland was not significantly correlated with sex or EB treatment. Treatment with 70 micrograms, but not 7 micrograms, EB significantly increased the pituitary content of @entity12180 and serum PRL levels compared to those after ovariectomy. However, both EB treatments resulted in a significant increase in pituitary PRL content compared to that in untreated OVX @entity35 . Pituitaries from male @entity35 had several-fold more @entity12180 and less PRL content than pituitaries from diestrous @entity35 . These data show that 1) in contrast to previous ICC studies, @entity12180 -IR cells are readily detected in the anterior pituitary of intact male and female and OVX as well as EB-treated @entity35 ; 2) @entity12180 is localized to cells other than lactotrophs, regardless of the @entity134 background; and 3) marked changes in anterior pituitary @entity12180 content are not accompanied by changes in @entity12180 -IR cell number.

title: Quantification of vasoactive intestinal peptide immunoreactivity in the anterior pituitary glands of intact male and female, ovariectomized, and @entity4520 -treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity4520 :: ('MESH:C074283', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol benzoate']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study tests the hypothesis that loss of spinal activity of @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ) contributes to the @entity1931 and @entity1931 observed after @entity1897 . METHODS: Intrathecal catheters were implanted in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Antinociception was assessed by measuring withdrawal latency to immersion of the tail in a 52 degrees C water bath. @entity128 was produced by ligation of the L5 and L6 spinal nerves. Testing was performed 4-14 days after spinal nerve ligation, when @entity1931 and thermal @entity1931 were established. Tactile @entity1931 was quantitated using the threshold to withdrawal of the hind paw on probing with von Frey filaments. Thermal @entity1931 was quantitated using the latency to withdrawal of the hind paw from radiant heat. Motor function was tested using a rotarod apparatus. RESULTS: Spinal administration of the GABAA receptor antagonist @entity1027 or the GABAB receptor antagonist @entity19666 produced @entity1931 and thermal @entity1931 in normal @entity35 . The GABAB receptor agonist @entity1772 , administered spinally, produced antinociception in the tail-flick test, whereas the GABAA receptor agonist @entity11359 did not. @entity11359 and @entity1772 each reversed @entity1931 and thermal @entity1931 produced by spinal nerve ligation. @entity1772 but not @entity11359 prolonged thermal withdrawal latency in nerve-injured @entity35 beyond preoperative values. @entity1772 but not @entity11359 impaired motor function. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacologic inhibition of intrinsic @entity1246 tone in normal @entity35 resulted in @entity1931 and thermal @entity1931 , consistent with the hypothesis being tested. Exogenous administration of @entity1246 agonists reversed spinal nerve ligation-induced @entity1931 and @entity1931 , also consistent with this hypothesis. @entity11359 produced specific antihyperalgesic and antiallodynic effects, whereas assessment of the effects of @entity1772 was complicated by motor dysfunction. Spinal GABAA agonists may provide a specific therapy for @entity9 .

title: Spinal @entity1246 (A) and @entity1246 (B) receptor pharmacology in a XXXX model of @entity9 .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'allodynia', 'tactile allodynia']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['Nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity11359 :: ('MESH:C015300', 'Chemical') :: ['isoguvacine', 'Isoguvacine']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity19666 :: ('MESH:C052329', 'Chemical') :: ['phaclofen']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['Baclofen', 'baclofen']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Geniculate ganglion or nervus intermedius neuraigia is an unusual condition resulting in @entity158 with or without signs of atypical @entity4254 , deep face, or @entity158 . This article describes an experience with 14 @entity1 who came to the neurosurgical service at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center with a diagnosis of @entity6324 . METHODS: After failing conservative treatment and after undergoing neurologic, otologic, and dental evaluations, these 14 @entity1 underwent 20 intracranial procedures consisting of retromastoid craniectomies with microvascular decompression of cranial nerves V, IX, and X with section of the nervus intermedius in most cases. RESULTS: At operation, vascular compression of the nerves and nervus intermedius was found, which implicated vascular compression as an etiology of this disorder. Initially, 10 of 14 @entity1 had an excellent outcome (71.5%), 3 experienced partial relief (21.5%), and there was 1 failure (7%). Ten @entity1 were available for long-term (> 12 months) follow-up. Of these 10, 3 retained the excellent result (30%), 6 experienced partial relief (60%), and there was 1 failure (10%). Complications included one transient @entity3541 , one @entity1183 , one paresis of cranial nerves IX and X, one @entity693 , two @entity5173 , and one superficial wound @entity281 . Of those that fell from the excellent to partial category, this usually involved a return of atypical @entity158 , @entity7867 remained resolved. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, good results (with excellent or partial relief) were found long term for 90% of @entity1 in this series. The authors recommend microvascular decompression of cranial nerves V, IX, and X with nervus intermedius section for the treatment of @entity6324 .

title: Surgical management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['facial numbness']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['chemical meningitis']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leaks']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain', 'throat pain', 'deep ear pain']

entities_list: @entity7867 :: ('MESH:D004433', 'Disease') :: ['but otalgia']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paresis']

entities_list: @entity6324 :: ('MESH:D016697', 'Disease') :: ['geniculate neuralgia']

answer: @entity6324 :: (MESH:D016697,Disease) :: ['geniculate neuralgia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of selective @entity4645 inhibitor, @entity12698 , and @entity4599 on serum levels of @entity3426 ( @entity3426 ), @entity9356 (OC), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in experimental @entity2521 . METHODS: Experimental @entity2521 in @entity35 was induced by repeated injection of purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from @entity526 endotoxin. Forty-seven adult male @entity35 were divided into five study groups as follows: saline control, LPS, LPS + @entity12698 , LPS + @entity4599 , and LPS + @entity12698 + @entity4599 . @entity12698 and @entity4599 were given alone or in combination during 14 days of the experimental study period. At the end of the 2-week protocol, serum samples were obtained, and the @entity35 were sacrificed. Serum samples were analyzed for @entity3426 , OC, and CRP concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Defleshed jaws were analyzed morphometrically for alveolar @entity604 . Data were evaluated statistically by non-parametric tests. RESULTS: According to the morphometric measurements, the LPS and drug treatment groups showed significantly higher @entity604 than the saline control group (P <0.05). @entity4599 , both alone and in combination with @entity12698 , revealed significantly higher @entity3426 levels than LPS and @entity12698 groups (P <0.05). Individual and combined administration of @entity12698 and @entity4599 significantly increased OC levels compared to the LPS group (P <0.05). There were no significant differences in serum CRP levels. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12698 and/or @entity4599 administration does not significantly influence circulating levels of CRP. The significantly increased serum OC level observed after individual and combination administration suggests that @entity12698 and @entity4599 may influence bone remodeling and thereby inhibit the progression of alveolar bone resorption. However, the failure to observe any significant inhibition of @entity604 in @entity12698 - and/or @entity4599 -treated @entity35 compared to the LPS group suggests that their therapeutic effect may be reduced by other factors, such as increases in serum @entity3426 promoting osteoclast activity.

title: Effects of selective @entity4645 inhibitor and @entity4599 on serum XXXX , @entity9356 , and C-reactive protein levels in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4599 :: ('CHEBI:25681', 'Chemical') :: ['omega-3 fatty acid', 'Omega-3 fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib', 'Celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity3426 :: (24494(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['interleukin-1beta']