abstract: In adults, botulinum toxin type A has been studied as a potentially effective treatment for chronic @entity2794 . For pediatric chronic @entity2794 , the literature evaluating efficacy of botulinum toxin type A is sparse, with no studies assessing tolerability. The purpose of this retrospective case series study was to assess tolerability and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of pediatric chronic @entity2794 . The series comprises 10 @entity1 (ages 11-17 years) who received a standard 100-unit dose of onabotulinumtoxinA (trade name, Botox) for refractory chronic @entity2794 . Attention was given to therapeutic history, efficacy, and tolerability. The @entity1 had attempted an average of 8.0    2.40 S.D. therapies prior to botulinum toxin type A. Most @entity1 reported adverse events from at least one of these prior medications. With botulinum toxin type A, four @entity1 (40%) reported subjective but clinically meaningful relief, consisting of a decrease in @entity10 intensity, and two @entity1 additionally noted a decrease in @entity10 frequency. The four responders noted improvements in quality of life. Three @entity1 experienced minor adverse events from botulinum toxin type A. This case series suggests that botulinum toxin type A can be well tolerated and may be a useful therapeutic in pediatric @entity1 with highly medically intractable chronic @entity2794 .

title: Experience with botulinum toxin type A in medically intractable pediatric chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['daily headache']

answer: @entity2794 :: (MESH:D020773,Disease) :: ['daily headache']


abstract: We studied the expression of the genes encoding the A and B chains of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in a number of @entity1 @entity1778 cell lines. Steady-state expression of the A-chain RNA was seen only in the promonocytic @entity1778 cell line U937 and in the @entity1619 cell line MOLT-4. It has previously been reported that both @entity6005 and @entity6006 genes are induced during megakaryoblastic differentiation of the K562 @entity6007 cells and transiently during monocytic differentiation of the @entity2799 cell line HL-60 and U937 cells. In this study we show that @entity6005 RNA expression was induced in HL-60 and Jurkat @entity1619 cells and increased in U937 and MOLT-4 cells after a 1- to 2-h stimulation with an 8 pM concentration of @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ). @entity6005 RNA remained at a constant, elevated level for at least 24 h in U937 cells, but returned to undetectable levels within 12 h in HL-60 cells. No @entity6005 expression was induced by @entity2533 in K562 cells or in @entity2 cells (A549). Interestingly, essentially no @entity6006 ( @entity6006 proto-oncogene) RNA was expressed simultaneously with @entity6005 . In the presence of @entity2533 and protein synthesis inhibitors, @entity6005 RNA was superinduced at least 20-fold in the U937 and HL-60 cells. @entity6005 expression was accompanied by secretion of immunoprecipitable PDGF to the culture medium of HL-60 and U937 cells. The @entity4621 @entity5 promoter @entity4514 also increased @entity6005 expression with similar kinetics, but with a mechanism distinct from that of @entity2533 . These results suggest a role for @entity2533 in the differential regulation of expression of the PDGF genes.

title: Regulation of platelet-derived growth factor gene expression by @entity2533 and @entity4621 in @entity1 XXXX cell lines.

entities_list: @entity2799 :: ('MESH:D015473', 'Disease') :: ['promyelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6007 :: ('MESH:D004915', 'Disease') :: ['erythroleukemia']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta', 'TGF-beta']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity25 has become an important health problem for pregnant @entity1 . In fact, pregnancy-associated @entity25 has been recognized as a distinct clinical entity. We aimed to study the relationship between @entity25 and @entity600 during pregnancy in a sample of Iranian @entity1 . METHODS: In this analytical cohort study, 231 pregnant @entity1 in their 28th-32nd gestational week were recruited, using the multistage sampling method, from four healthcare centres in Ardabil, Iran, during 2010. The @entity1 were followed up until 37-week gestation. One hundred and twelve @entity1 did not have @entity25 while 119 @entity1 had @entity25 . The @entity22 Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and a demographic data questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were analysed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics, t, Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and Mann-Whitney tests were used as appropriate. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity3152 was 11.8% in @entity1 with @entity25 compared with 11.6% in @entity1 without @entity25 (p = 0.9). Sleep duration less than eight hours, @entity409 and impaired quality of life as a component of ISI showed a significant relationship with @entity600 (p = 0.02, p = 0.044, and p = 0.047, respectively). CONCLUSION: Although @entity409 and lower quality of life because of @entity25 , and @entity25 were variables associated with @entity600 , we found no significant relationship between @entity25 and @entity600 .

title: The Effect of Impaired Sleep on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labour']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['daytime dysfunction', 'daily dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['total sleep duration', 'sleep problems', 'sleep disturbances', 'Sleep disturbance', 'sleep disorder', 'sleep disturbance']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['Insomnia']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['Preterm Labour']


abstract: Dietary restriction (DR), one of the most robust life-extending manipulations, is usually associated with reduced @entity1386 . This reduction is hypothesized to be important in the life-extending effect of DR, because excess @entity1386 is associated with metabolic and age-related disease. Previously, we described remarkable variation in the lifespan response of 41 recombinant inbred strains of @entity19 to DR, ranging from life extension to life shortening. Here, we used this variation to determine the relationship of lifespan modulation under DR to fat loss. Across strains, DR life extension correlated inversely with fat reduction, measured at midlife (males, r= -0.41, P<0.05, n=38 strains; females, r= -0.63, P<0.001, n=33 strains) and later ages. Thus, strains with the least reduction in fat were more likely to show life extension, and those with the greatest reduction were more likely to have shortened lifespan. We identified two significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting fat mass under DR in males but none for lifespan, precluding the confirmation of these loci as coordinate modulators of @entity1386 and longevity. Our data also provide evidence for a QTL previously shown to affect fuel efficiency under DR. In summary, the data do not support an important role for fat reduction in life extension by DR. They suggest instead that factors associated with maintaining @entity1386 are important for survival and life extension under DR.

title: Fat maintenance is a predictor of the XXXX lifespan response to dietary restriction.

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: To compare adjuvant conventional radiotherapy (C- @entity138 ) to @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ) in early @entity0 . Between May 2012 and September 2015, 120 @entity1 were included in the analysis. All @entity1 underwent conservative surgery and adjuvant @entity138 . @entity138 was delivered in C- @entity138 (50 Gy; 2 Gy/fr) or @entity1442 (42.5 Gy; 2.66 Gy/fr), followed by a @entity5 bed boost (10 Gy; 2 Gy/fr). @entity138 -induced @entity137 was recorded and compared between groups. @entity137 results were graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events guidelines. A multivariate analysis was performed of the factors associated with acute @entity137 onset. Mild @entity137 was observed in 71.7% of @entity1 . No grade 4 @entity137 was observed. From the multivariate analysis, Breast volume and @entity138 fractionation significantly affected acute radiation-related @entity137 . No increase in late toxic effects has been reported between C- @entity138 and @entity1442 schedules. Overall, the 2-year disease free survival was 94.4%. @entity1442 represents a valid adjuvant treatment option in early @entity0 @entity1 , without negative impact on acute and late radiation sequelae, as well as @entity5 control.

title: Relation between Hypofractionated Radiotherapy, XXXX and Outcome in Early @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'acute skin toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['HF-RT', 'hypofractionated schedule']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with diagnosed @entity9428 @entity566 are typically advised by health professionals to exclude all nuts from their diets, irrespective of the outcome of @entity566 testing, to avoid inadvertent contact through contamination or the possible development of new @entity566 . METHODS: In our service, as we feel greater diagnostic accuracy prevents dietary risk taking, we provide the facility for @entity1 with @entity9428 @entity566 the opportunity of controlled exposure to 'other' nuts irrespective of whether their @entity566 prick test (PT) results are positive or negative. We performed open food challenges on our paediatric day ward. The challenge food was administered by way of a homemade biscuit containing 8 g of each @entity9428 challenged and given in increasing visually measured doses. RESULTS: Over the 5-year period from 2006, we challenged 145 @entity1 diagnosed as peanut allergic or tree @entity9428 allergic. In those with @entity16244 challenged to tree nuts, none of the 72 with negative PTs to tree nuts reacted on challenge whilst 7 of 22 (31.2%) with positive PTs did. In @entity1 with tree @entity9428 @entity566 challenged to peanuts and/or other tree nuts, 3 of 38 (7.9%) with negative PT results and 5 of 13 (38.4%) with positive PT results reacted. CONCLUSION: @entity1 allergic to peanuts with negative @entity566 tests to tree nuts had no co-existing @entity566 , but were at risk of tree @entity9428 @entity566 where PTs were positive. @entity1 with tree @entity9428 @entity566 were at risk of co-existing peanut or other tree @entity9428 @entity566 whether PTs were positive or negative. Oral challenges to clarify @entity566 status in all nuts show co-existing @entity566 even in young @entity1 and in so doing may reduce @entity148 , minimize unnecessary dietary restrictions and prevent later episodes of anaphylaxis through uninformed exposure.

title: Single @entity9428 or total @entity9428 avoidance in @entity9428 allergic @entity1 : outcome of XXXX challenges to guide exclusion diets.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity16244 :: ('MESH:D021183', 'Disease') :: ['peanut allergy']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'allergies']

answer: @entity9428 :: (256646,Gene) :: ['nut']


abstract: PURPOSE: Treatment with @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ) results in a wide range of cellular effects that includes induction of apoptosis, inhibition of cell growth, promotion or inhibition of cellular differentiation, and inhibition of angiogenesis through a variety of mechanisms. The mechanisms of @entity9188 -induced cell death have been mainly studied in @entity1583 , and those mechanisms in solid @entity5 have yet to be clearly defined. In this study, the mechanisms by which @entity9188 induces apoptosis in @entity1 @entity14 HT-29 cells were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To examine the levels of apoptosis, HT-29 cells were treated with @entity9188 and then we measured the percentage of @entity4404 binding cells, the amount of ROS production and the mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blot analysis was performed to identify the activated caspases after @entity9188 exposure, and we compared the possible target molecules of apoptosis. @entity9188 treatment induced the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase of ROS, as well as activation of @entity21417 . RESULTS: @entity9188 induced apoptosis via the production of reactive @entity26 species and the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential. @entity9188 induced the activation of @entity21417 . Furthermore, @entity9188 treatment downregulates the @entity2423 and @entity588 expressions, and the release of @entity4674 and an apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Pretreating the HT-29 cells with @entity898 , which is a @entity1432 -containing antioxidant, inhibited the @entity9188 -induced apoptosis and caspase activation. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results suggest that the generation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) by @entity9188 might play an important role in the regulation of @entity9188 -induced apoptosis. This @entity137 is mediated through a mitochondria-dependent apoptotic signal pathway in HT-29 cells.

title: @entity4447 induces apoptosis in @entity1 XXXX HT-29 cells through ROS.

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl-L-cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological cancers']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Two modes of killing of @entity526 by @entity273 can be distinguished. Mode-one killing is maximal at 1-2 mM; at higher concentrations the killing rate is approximately half-maximal and is independent of @entity274 concentration but first order with respect to exposure time. Mutagenesis and induction of a @entity5999 lysogen are similarly affected by @entity274 concentration, with reduced levels of response above 1-2 mM- @entity274 . Mutagenesis is not affected by inactivation of umuC. Mode-one killing requires active metabolism during the @entity274 challenge and it results in sfiA-independent filamentation of both cells that survive and those that are killed by the challenge. This mode of killing is enhanced in xth, polA, recA and recB strains; however, it is unaffected by mutations in the nth, uvrA, uvrB, uvrC, uvrD, @entity17503 , gyrA, htpR and rel loci. Mode-one killing is normal in strains totally lacking catalase activity (katE, katG), @entity2041 reductase (gor) or @entity2041 synthetase (gshB), but enhanced in a strain lacking @entity2125 dehydrogenase (ndh). Mode-one killing is accelerated by the presence of CN- or by an unidentified function that is induced by anoxic growth and is under the control of the fnr locus. A strain carrying both xth and recA mutations and certain polA mutants appear to undergo spontaneous mode-one killing only under aerobic conditions. Taken together, these observations imply that mode-one killing results from DNA damage that normally occurs at a low, non-lethal level during aerobic growth. Models for the resistance to mode-one killing at dose above 1-2 mM- @entity274 will be discussed. Mode-two killing occurs at high concentrations of @entity274 and longer times. It does not require active metabolism, and cells that are killed do not filament, although survivors demonstrate a dose-dependent growth lag followed by a period of filamentation. Mode-two killing is accompanied by enhanced mutagenesis, but strains with DNA repair defects were not observed to be especially sensitive to this mode of killing.

title: Toxicity, mutagenesis and stress responses induced in @entity526 by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the course of unconjugated plasma @entity11111 (E3) concentrations after 40 weeks' gestation and to assess whether the latter may be used as a first-line test in the management of term pregnancies with poor dates and @entity1162 . Plasma E3 was measured twice weekly in 134 @entity1 with well-dated pregnancies of 40 weeks or more and in 213 @entity1 with pregnancies of unverified age but believed to be in excess of 40 weeks from the last menstrual period. The obstetric management was based upon twice weekly determinations of urinary E3 and antepartum heart rate testing, but not all @entity1 complied. Plasma E3 levels were not availabe for management of the @entity1 . The results indicate that unconjugated plasma E3 levels are highest at 40 weeks' gestation and decline thereafter by 12% each week. Because of this slow decline, biweekly assays suffice. Increasing and plateauing serial plasma E3 levels reveal that a @entity1 approaches term or has reached 39 to 41 weeks' gestation, respectively, whereas decreasing E3 concentrations indicate that the @entity1 is well beyond 40 weeks, and that her fetus may be about to or has become postmature. Only seven of the 347 @entity1 studied were delivered of a postmature @entity1 . Their last plasma E3 levels ranged from 3.8 to 8.0 ng/ml, i.e., were below the 95% confidence limits established for normal term pregnancies. It was found that 73% of the 347 @entity1 had plasma E3 levels of 12 ng/ml or more, and that all their pregnancies ended normally, except for three instances of presumed intrapartum fetal distress. However, in 19 (20%) of the other 27% of the 347 @entity1 who had plasma E2 levels of less than 12 ng/ml, abnormal outcome was encountered: postmaturity (seven), @entity5617 (four), @entity1592 (three), @entity600 (two), or intrapartum fetal distress (three). These results allow the conclusion that twice weekly assays of unconjugated plasma E2 may be used as a first-line test in the management of @entity1162 .

title: XXXX in pregnancy. VII. Unconjugated plasma @entity11111 in @entity1162 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged gestation']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal death']

answer: @entity11111 :: (MESH:D004964,Chemical) :: ['Estriol']


abstract: @entity5272 ( @entity5982 ) but not @entity5272 ( @entity5983 ) produces a progressive @entity75 when injected intracerebroventricularly in the @entity35 . This syndrome, lethal within 30-35 days, is characterized by progressively deranged behavior. An early startle reaction (day 14), later joined by @entity717 (day 19) is followed by locomotor and electrocorticographic (ECoG) @entity410 (day 21) in chronically instrumented @entity5982 @entity35 . There is early dissociation between ECoG and locomotor aspects. When tested in the shuttlebox for estimation of learning and memory function 7-8 days after @entity5982 injection, marked impairment of both active and passive avoidance was observed. @entity413 uptake capacity of synaptosomes from brain areas of @entity5982 and NaT animals was indexed by the @entity897 method. Striatal and cortical synaptosomes showed reduced uptake activity 7 days following @entity5982 injection. By day 14, @entity1640 areas also became affected, striatal uptake was further inhibited, and cortical uptake was reduced to 57% of control. The ECoG background rhythm remained unchanged until days 20-23, when the mean peak frequency was reduced. The model may be useful in the study of central @entity3775 @entity137 and may have predictive validity in the testing of procedures to counter @entity3775 -associated @entity75 in @entity1 .

title: @entity3775 induced XXXX in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity5272 :: ('MESH:C029768', 'Chemical') :: ['Aluminum tartrate', 'sodium tartrate']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathies', 'encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['locomotor discoordination']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose']

entities_list: @entity897 :: ('MESH:D003847', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxy-D-glucose']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: A retrospective study was conducted at the National Skin Centre (Singapore) for the period 1st January 1990 to 31st December 1990 to determine the pattern of @entity272 in the elderly. A total of 2,571 @entity1 aged 65 years and above were studied. This constituted 6.4% (2,571/39,941) of @entity1 seen at the Centre for that year. 38.1% of the elderly @entity1 were aged 75 years or older. The male to female ratio was 1.3 to 1. There were differences in the pattern of skin problems when compared with the young. Xerosis and @entity484 were distinctly common in the elderly. The most common @entity272 in the elderly was @entity484 . @entity484 (including @entity1909 , lichen simplex chronicus, hand/feet @entity484 , generalised @entity5658 ), exogenous @entity484 ( @entity5526 ) and @entity1909 (not otherwise specified) formed 35.3% (907/2,571) of the @entity272 encountered at the National Skin Centre. @entity364 and @entity1569 were on the whole less common in the elderly compared with the general population. @entity272 and @entity281 were scabies, viral warts, monilial and bacterial intertrigo and @entity4013 . @entity110 , @entity1665 , insect bite reactions and post-inflammatory pigmentation were uncommon referral problems in the elderly.

title: Pattern of XXXX in the elderly seen at the National Skin Centre (Singapore) 1990.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity4013 :: ('MESH:D014005', 'Disease') :: ['tinea corporis']

entities_list: @entity5526 :: ('MESH:D003877', 'Disease') :: ['ie contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Eczema, fungal, viral infections']

entities_list: @entity5658 :: ('MESH:D003873', 'Disease') :: ['exfoliative dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disorders', 'Common skin infestations', 'dermatosis']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['Urticaria']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['seborrhoeic dermatitis', 'dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity484 :: ('MESH:D004485', 'Disease') :: ['eczema', 'eczema, stasis eczema', 'asteatotic eczema', 'Endogenous eczema']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin diseases']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to report whether @entity174 are present in @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) @entity1 , who suffered from @entity2531 in the low back, gluteal, hip and thigh regions; and to determine the @entity158 characteristics of coccydynia in these @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty males and six females with traumatic @entity1566 (mean age: 31.57+/-12.23 years) who described @entity2531 in the low back, hip, gluteal or thigh regions were included in the study. @entity158 assessment was done by using visual analogue scale (VAS) and the short form of @entity158 questionnaire. Radiological assessment comprised two-sided lumbar vertebrae, hip and coccyx X-ray graphics. RESULTS: Mean duration of @entity1566 was 19.54+/-30.08 months. Nine @entity1 (34.62%) had @entity174 . @entity158 were found to be significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity174 . Correlation analyses revealed significant correlations between VAS, @entity3507 , affective @entity158 index, present @entity158 intensity and McGill total scores (all P<0.05). Duration of @entity1566 was correlated with @entity3507 (P=0.03) and total McGill scores (P=0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity174 have been detected in @entity1 with @entity1566 and the presence of such @entity174 seems to affect the @entity158 scenario unfavorably. Involved @entity1 will be treated promptly and their rehabilitation process will be enhanced when these @entity174 are recognized early.

title: @entity174 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Coccyx fractures', 'coccyx fractures']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['painful symptoms']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['McGill pain', 'Pain', 'pain', 'Sensory Pain Index and total McGill scores']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Carotid-artery stenting and carotid endarterectomy are both options for treating @entity543 , an important cause of @entity64 . METHODS: We randomly assigned @entity1 with symptomatic or asymptomatic @entity543 to undergo carotid-artery stenting or carotid endarterectomy. The primary composite end point was @entity64 , @entity583 , or @entity204 from any cause during the periprocedural period or any @entity64 within 4 years after randomization. RESULTS: For 2502 @entity1 over a median follow-up period of 2.5 years, there was no significant difference in the estimated 4-year rates of the primary end point between the stenting group and the endarterectomy group (7.2% and 6.8%, respectively; hazard ratio with stenting, 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.81 to 1.51; P=0.51). There was no differential treatment effect with regard to the primary end point according to symptomatic status (P=0.84) or sex (P=0.34). The 4-year rate of @entity64 or @entity204 was 6.4% with stenting and 4.7% with endarterectomy (hazard ratio, 1.50; P=0.03); the rates among symptomatic @entity1 were 8.0% and 6.4% (hazard ratio, 1.37; P=0.14), and the rates among asymptomatic @entity1 were 4.5% and 2.7% (hazard ratio, 1.86; P=0.07), respectively. Periprocedural rates of individual components of the end points differed between the stenting group and the endarterectomy group: for @entity204 (0.7% vs. 0.3%, P=0.18), for @entity64 (4.1% vs. 2.3%, P=0.01), and for @entity583 (1.1% vs. 2.3%, P=0.03). After this period, the incidences of @entity64 with stenting and with endarterectomy were similarly low (2.0% and 2.4%, respectively; P=0.85). CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 with symptomatic or asymptomatic @entity543 , the risk of the composite primary outcome of @entity64 , @entity583 , or @entity204 did not differ significantly in the group undergoing carotid-artery stenting and the group undergoing carotid endarterectomy. During the periprocedural period, there was a higher risk of @entity64 with stenting and a higher risk of @entity583 with endarterectomy. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00004732.)

title: Stenting versus endarterectomy for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis', 'carotid-artery stenosis']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid-artery stenosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity746 ( @entity746 ) is a form of @entity4681 that primarily affects upper and lower motor neurons. Its etiology is unknown, it has a progressive course and is often fatal. Very rarely, its appearance as @entity8231 ( @entity8231 ) has been described. Certain clinical patterns of @entity4681 suggest this association. The anti- @entity11973 are a type of onconeuronal antibody, invariably associated to @entity5 and described in different PNSs as @entity11048 , @entity2746 and @entity1897 . CLINICAL CASE: 29 years old male with criteria of probably @entity746 . Due to his atypical onset ( @entity1 's age), onconeuronal antibodies were requested, detecting anti- @entity11973 +. After three years of follow-up and exhaustive search for @entity5 , with progression of the disease, there is currently no evidence of associated @entity5 . DISCUSSION: The study of the motor neuron/ @entity746 disease as @entity8231 , due to its rareness, has led to reviews in order to verify this relationship. When @entity746 exists, we should rule out association to @entity5 when the presentation is early (< 30 years) or late (> 70 years), when it is associated to other neurological symptoms/signs (sensory symptoms, @entity2055 , etc.), when anti-Hu antibodies or others are present and/or when there is @entity1581 and/or pleocytosis-high protein levels in cerebral spinal fluid. We present a case of probable @entity746 with anti- @entity11973 +, with no evidence of underlying @entity5 . After an extensive bibliographic search, we have found no description of this association. We also have no knowledge of the existence of anti- @entity11973 antibodies outside of the @entity5 context, so that we believe that our @entity1 probably has an occult @entity5 .

title: [ @entity746 and anti- XXXX antibodies. @entity8231 association?].

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['paraproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['motor neuron disease']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity11048 :: ('MESH:D020361', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity8231 :: ('MESH:D010257', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic syndrome', 'PNS']

entities_list: @entity2746 :: ('MESH:D013132', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar degeneration']

answer: @entity11973 :: (168667,Gene) :: ['CV2']


abstract: This study compared the effects of buffered versus unbuffered @entity3303 when used as local anesthetic in preparation for cannulation of the arterial and venous sites of @entity1 requiring hemodialysis. The subjects for this study were seven @entity1 , ages 6-18 years, observed during 101 dialysis treatments. For each subject undergoing hemodialysis on a given day, one syringe containing 1% @entity3303 (L) and one containing buffered @entity3303 (BL) were prepared. The BL solution was prepared by adding 2 mL of 8.4% @entity4388 to 20 mL of 1% @entity3303 just prior to use. The choice of local anesthetic used for cannulation of the arterial or venous site was randomly assigned to be either L or BL. Nurses, raters, and subjects were blind to contents of the syringe. The procedures for piercing the skin, pausing, and infiltrating were standardized, as was the volume administered. Speed of injection was not controlled. Comparisons of self-reported @entity158 and behavioral observations for L versus BL revealed no significant differences for @entity158 or @entity158 of cannulation. Technique variables such as the speed of injection, which tended to be very slow for these @entity1 , appear to significantly influence @entity158 and the relative merits of buffering.

title: Buffered XXXX for skin infiltration prior to hemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain of infiltration', 'pain', 'infiltration pain']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: Analysis of a series of @entity1 @entity3998 ( @entity3998 ) constructs with progressive deletions in the 5'-flanking region has localized a strong positive element at positions -298/277 with a repressor region located immediately upstream at -332/-300 (Flink, I. L., Edwards, J. G., Bahl, J. J., Liew, C.-C., Sole, M., and Morkin, E. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 9917-9924). A 49-base pair restriction fragment containing the suppressor element was used to screen a cardiac expression library. The 0.65-kilobase pair cDNA identified by this procedure was similar in sequence, except for the absence of a 21-base pair region encoding seven @entity1522 , to cellular nucleic acid-binding protein ( @entity6046 ), a 19-kDa @entity219 finger DNA-binding protein isolated earlier from liver, which may be involved in negative regulation of @entity165 biosynthesis (Rajavashisth, T. B., Taylor, A. K., Andalibi, A., Svenson, K. L., and Lusis, A. J. (1989) Science 245, 640-643). An additional clone identical to the one originally found in liver, referred to as @entity6046 alpha, was isolated from the cardiac library by hybridization screening. Gel mobility shift analysis indicated that @entity6046 alpha and @entity6046 beta isoforms preferentially interact with single-stranded DNA corresponding to the proximal and distal regions of the suppressor. When cotransfected with a beta- @entity3998 reporter construct, @entity6046 alpha repressed activity in a dosage-dependent manner, whereas repression was not observed with the shorter construct ( @entity6046 beta). Cotransfection of a combination of @entity6046 alpha and @entity6046 beta repressed reporter activity to an extent similar to cotransfection with @entity6046 alpha alone, suggesting that @entity6046 beta is not translationally active under these conditions. The results of RNase protection assays and genomic sequencing indicated that the alpha and beta isoforms are formed by alternative use of 5' donor sites within a single exon. These results suggest that @entity6046 isoforms may modulate the activity of the beta- @entity3998 gene by interaction with a repressor region.

title: Alternatively processed isoforms of cellular nucleic acid-binding protein interact with a suppressor region of the XXXX @entity3998 gene.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity3998 :: ('3133', 'Gene') :: ['MHC', 'beta-myosin heavy chain']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Toxocara seroprevalence and the relation between Toxocara seroprevalence and @entity56 were investigated in Dutch schoolchildren aged 4-6 years. Data on Toxocara antibodies, allergen-specific immunoglobulin E, allergic manifestations, and risk factors (pets and playgrounds) were obtained from 235 @entity1 from The Hague and 477 from Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The surveys were carried out from September 1987 to January 1988 in The Hague and in March and April 1989 in Rotterdam. Logistic regression was used to evaluate putative relations. Toxocara seroprevalence was higher in The Hague (11%) than in Rotterdam (6%), but this difference was not quite significant. Seroprevalences varied widely among schools. No differences between socioeconomic categories or between the sexes were found. Occurrences of @entity565 /recurrent @entity3617 and hospitalization due to @entity565 /recurrent @entity3617 were significantly associated with seroprevalence. Furthermore, a marginally significant relation with @entity484 was found. Immunoglobulin E specific for inhaled allergens occurred significantly more often in the Toxocara-seropositive group. The risk factors investigated were not related to seroprevalence. It is suggested that Toxocara, among other environmental factors, may stimulate polyclonally immunoglobulin E production, including allergen-specific immunoglobulin E, and thus may contribute to the manifestation of @entity56 and possibly of @entity484 in @entity1 predisposed to @entity566 .

title: Toxocara seroprevalence in 5-year-old elementary schoolchildren: relation with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic asthma']


abstract: The capacity of LM cells to initiate @entity5 formation in vivo was investigated in athymic (nude) BALB/c @entity19 . @entity5 cells inoculated s.c. over the left thighs of @entity19 formed large, grossly visible @entity5 within 2 weeks postinoculation. @entity5 doubling times were slightly longer than doubling times of LM cells in suspension culture. Histological examination of necropsied @entity19 revealed that @entity5 cells were invasive into host tissue and formed numerous bizarre mitotic figures. The @entity5 were classified a @entity1492 -like @entity5 . @entity3 to the lungs was observed in @entity19 inoculated with a variety of @entity5 cells. LM cells cultured in the presence of @entity1877 analogues ( @entity11455 , @entity11456 , or @entity8398 ) had grossly altered membrane lipid compositions. However, all formed @entity5 in the @entity19 with @entity5 volume doubling times similar to that of LM cells grown in choline medium. LM cells grown with 10% calf serum had doubling times about 42% shorter. LM fibroblasts injected into @entity19 provide a model system for investigation of @entity5 biology related to @entity3 formation.

title: Development of @entity3 in athymic ( XXXX from LM cells grown in vitro.

entities_list: @entity8398 :: ('MESH:D019856', 'Chemical') :: ['ethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity11456 :: ('MESH:C017500', 'Chemical') :: ['N-monomethylethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11455 :: ('MESH:D003642', 'Chemical') :: ["N,N'-dimethylethanolamine"]

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude) mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In assessing neurologic prognosis after @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ), electroencephalogram (EEG) reactivity has not been specifically included with EEG classifications. Most studies have divided recordings into benign and malignant; however, some patterns within these groups may have greater prognostic significance than such broad classifications. We sought to explore reactivity, with broad classifications and subclassifications for their prognostic significance. METHODS: All consecutive adults in @entity772 who had an EEG recording performed at least 1 day after @entity1167 or during normothermia after a 24-hour mild @entity2332 protocol. Outcomes were dichotomous: recovery of awareness or no recovery of awareness during hospitalization. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Of the 18 @entity1 with no reactivity, only 1 recovered awareness; of the 11 @entity1 who demonstrated reactivity, 10 recovered awareness (sensitivity of 90% [95% confidence interval, or CI, 0.57-1] and specificity of 94% [95% CI, 0.7-1]). Of those with benign patterns, 7 recovered awareness and 1 did not; however, those @entity1 demonstrating malignant patterns, 4 recovered and 17 did not (sensitivity of 94% [95% CI, 0.7-1] and a specificity of 63% [95% CI, 0.32-0.88]). None of the 15 @entity1 with suppression or generalized spikes recovered consciousness, and none of these @entity1 demonstrated reactivity. CONCLUSIONS: Electroencephalogram reactivity after @entity1167 is a relatively favorable EEG feature; generalized suppression or generalized epileptiform activity, without reactivity, is associated with lack of recovery of awareness.

title: Electroencephalogram for prognosis after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'CA']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Obesity can alter the thyroid hormone status as a result of a dysregulated endocrine loop between the hypothalamo-pituitary unit and adipose tissue. The adipocytokine @entity1243 has been shown to promote @entity792 ; hence, we aimed to clarify whether @entity1243 excess of @entity28 could increase the susceptibility to develop @entity1669 ( @entity1669 ). STUDY DESIGN: This cross-sectional study was performed in a tertiary care center. METHODS: Free thyroid hormones, TSH, thyroglobulin, and antithyroid antibodies levels were tested in 165 @entity28 and 118 lean subjects. Results were plotted against variables related to body composition, @entity1243 levels, @entity413 homeostasis, energy expenditure, and pattern of weight accrual. RESULTS: Compared with controls, @entity28 @entity1 had lower free T3 levels and free T4 levels (P<0.01), greater prevalence of @entity1375 (P<0.05), and higher commonness of antithyroid antibodies (P<0.05). As a marker of @entity1669 , thyroid peroxidase antibodies were more frequent in the @entity28 group (P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that @entity1243 levels were associated with @entity1669 (P<0.01) independent of bioanthropometric variables. Multiple logistic regression analysis in pooled groups identified female sex and @entity1243 as significant predictors of @entity1669 . CONCLUSIONS: Obesity increases the susceptibility to harbor @entity1669 with an emerging role for @entity1243 as a peripheral determinant, which needs to be confirmed in future investigations.

title: Investigations of thyroid hormones and antibodies in @entity28 : XXXX levels are associated with thyroid @entity792 independent of bioanthropometric, hormonal, and weight-related determinants.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease', 'AITD']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1243 :: (3952,Gene) :: ['leptin']


abstract: In this study the yield of the proliferation of the differentiating spermatogonia into spermatocytes was determined in five @entity3569 . Large differences of up to a factor 2 were found between the numbers of A1 spermatogonia in the various animals. However, the numbers of leptotene spermatocytes varied only by up to a factor 1.2 between animals. It is concluded that more @entity528 takes place in animals with a relatively large number of A1 spermatogonia than in those with a small number of these cells. In such a way in all animals ultimately about the same number of spermatocytes is formed. An experiment was done in which the number of A1 spermatogonia was lowered with the S-phase killer @entity2592 ( @entity2592 ). It was found that this greatly increased the yield of the spermatogonial proliferation, showing a direct relationship between the number of A1 spermatogonia in an animal and the extent of the @entity528 . In addition to the variation in the number of A1 spermatogonia found between various animals, an even larger variation of up to a factor 3.7 was found between the numbers of A1 spermatogonia in different areas of seminiferous tubules within each animal. Nevertheless the variation in the number of leptotene spermatocytes in different areas within each animal was not larger than a factor 1.3. It is concluded that in the normal animal the phenomenon of @entity528 depends on the local density of these spermatogonia. Apparently, when too many spermatogonia are present the surplus of cells degenerates.

title: Regulation of the density of spermatogonia in the seminiferous epithelium of the XXXX : II. Differentiating spermatogonia.

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['spermatogonial degeneration']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamsters']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside', 'Ara-C']

answer: @entity3569 :: (10029,Species) :: ['Chinese hamster']


abstract: Anthracyclines have contributed to a marked increase in survival in different types of @entity5 [1,2]. Unfortunately, they are associated with dose-dependent @entity1370 and @entity712 ( @entity712 ) [3   8]. Change to a weekly dosage schedule with slow infusions has been tested, a strategy that requires more frequent hospital visits and increased storage resources[7,9]. Liposomal @entity4349 formulations with reduced drug exposure and lower plasma concentrations may still be @entity1370 at higher cumulative doses [10]. Beta-blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme( @entity1289 ) inhibitors have been shown to reduce @entity4349 -induced @entity1370 ,but have not been tested in long-term prospective, randomized,controlled studies with well defined @entity1370 criteria and careful cardiac function monitoring [11   16]. We investigated @entity632 -induced clinical or subclinical @entity1370 in @entity706 @entity1 after concomitant prophylactic therapy with @entity1406 or @entity4688 or no concomitant treatment. We examined whether @entity1370 was related to the treatment or any other variable. We found that @entity712 was less frequent under concomitant treatment than no treatment, especially in the @entity1406 group, but the differences were not significant. No association was found between the presence of @entity1370 and concomitant treatment or other variable apart of age that had a significant impact. The marginal benefit seen with @entity1406 should be investigated further.

title: Cardioprotective effect of @entity1406 and XXXX in @entity632 -treated @entity706 @entity1 : a prospective, parallel-group, randomized, controlled study with 36-month follow-up.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxic', 'cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity4688 :: (MESH:D004656,Chemical) :: ['enalapril']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Platelet aggregates form by fibrinogen binding to the membrane receptor glycoprotein IIb/IIIa ( @entity1427 /IIIa). While @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitors block fibrinogen-platelet binding, stimulation of other functionally important platelet receptors may still occur. Blocking the @entity1427 /IIIa receptor prevents @entity1423 but not activation and the subsequent effect on other platelet pathways is largely unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: As activated platelets release reactive @entity26 species that may influence @entity715 or vascular function, the effect of @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitors on the platelet release of @entity842 (NO) and @entity224 was determined using an electrochemical detector and luminescence, respectively. Location of relevant platelet proteins and the interaction between platelets and leukocytes in the presence or absence of @entity1427 /IIIa inhibition was determined. RESULTS: Although incubation with @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitors completely abolished @entity1423 , stimulation dependent NO release was significantly enhanced. @entity224 is known to alter the bioavailability of NO, and its contribution to the @entity1427 /IIIa dependent increase in NO release was determined. In the presence of @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitors, platelet @entity224 release was significantly decreased. Preincubation with @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitors also modified aggregation induced membrane translocation of the platelet proteins, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and @entity1110 oxidase ( @entity20994 and @entity20995 ), known to contribute to the generation of NO and @entity224 , respectively. In the presence of leukocytes, abciximab incubation led to enhanced NO release and attenuated @entity224 generation. CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that the pharmacological effects of @entity1427 /IIIa antagonists on platelet function, apart from inhibition of aggregation, may contribute to their efficacy.

title: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition enhances platelet XXXX release.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide', 'Superoxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4686 Background: The assessment of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor @entity13524 / @entity13525 _ the cell proliferation marker Ki67/ @entity1758 immunohistochemical (IHC) expression (E) as predictive indicators of @entity263 ( @entity263 ) @entity177 ( @entity177 ) after radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS: Included in the study were 130 consecutive @entity1 - median age 66 (47-76) years _ with median preoperative serum PSA 9.23 (2.5-45) ng/ml - who underwent RP for localized @entity263 , between 01/1994 _ 12/2001. Follow-up information was available for 94 @entity1 . The median follow-up period was 28 (1-97) months. A cutoff value of 0.2 ng/ml of serum PSA was established as a @entity177 threshold. The IHC method of streptavidin @entity1885 peroxidase was performed on paraffin tissue sections, using antibodies against @entity13524 / @entity13525 _ Ki67/ @entity1758 . RESULTS: A statistically significant inverse correlation was observed between @entity13524 / @entity13525 IHCE _ (i) seminal vesicles invasion (SVI) [P=0.009], (ii) @entity5 volume [P=0.025] _ (iii) preoperative serum PSA [P=0.002]. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between Ki67/ @entity1758 IHCE _ pelvic lymph nodes @entity3 (PLNM) [P=0.006]. No statistically significant correlation was found between the studied markers _ Gleason score (GS), periprostatic tissue infiltration (PTI), surgical margins infiltration, the presence of PIN _ prostate weight. @entity177 was observed in 35/94 (37%) @entity1 . Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that low @entity13524 / @entity13525 _ high Ki67/ @entity1758 IHCE, as well as the synchronous IHCE of low @entity13524 / @entity13525 _ high Ki67/ @entity1758 were significant predictors of @entity177 (P=0.0005, P=0.0040 _ P=0.0011 respectively). GS, PTI, SVI _ PLNM were significant predictors for @entity177 as well (P=0.044, P=0.001, P=0.000 _ P=0.005 respectively). However, in the multivariate analysis (Cox Regression) SVI, PLNM _ @entity1758 IHCE were the only independent prognostic factors for @entity177 (P=0.001, P=0.007 _ P=0.020 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The cell proliferation index assessed by Ki67/ @entity1758 IHCE may be a useful marker for @entity177 prediction _ decision management in @entity1 with clinically localized @entity263 after RP. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: The prognostic value of the cell cycle proteins @entity13524 / XXXX and Ki67/ @entity1758 immunohistochemical expression in @entity1 with surgically treated @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['BF', 'biochemical failure']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity13525 :: (1027,Gene) :: ['Kip1']


abstract: A perfusion system has been established for the organ culture of the lens. The system is designed so that a constant flow of fluid occurs past the lens and a separate channel of fluid simultaneously bypasses the lens. Lens metabolic activity can be determined by analyzing differences between these two samples of fluid. The system also maintains a level of pressure comparable to intraocular pressure. Apparatus for observation and photography of the lens is built into the system. The purpose of these studies was to determine if this perfusion system could maintain the @entity95 lens close to the physiological state, to study the metabolic behavior of the lens under steady state conditions, and to determine the effect of increasing @entity535 concentrations on the metabolic activity of the lens under steady state conditions. By increasing the @entity535 concentrations in the medium we hoped to compensate for the lack of protein in the medium and to provide metabolic substrate to maintain the lens under perfusion conditions. The @entity95 lens was cultured at a temperature of 33 degrees C for periods up to 100 h. A totally synthetic perfusion medium without proteins or antibiotics was devised. This medium imitates posterior chamber aqueous humour, except that it does not contain @entity620 because it was found that @entity620 readily auto-oxidizes and depletes the @entity26 content of the medium. The @entity535 concentration of the perfusion medium was adjusted so that its total @entity1568 content was equivalent to the total @entity1568 content of posterior chamber aqueous humour. To determine the metabolic behavior of the lens, 10 different metabolic substances were analyzed in the medium and 15 were analyzed in the lens. These substances are mainly metabolic substrates and end products. As a reference for the evaluation of the behavior of the lens in the perfusion system, the perfused lens was compared to the lens in the other eye of the @entity95 . Standards for differences between the right and left lens and the first or second lens removed from the @entity95 were developed in control studies. A series of experiments was devised to determine the effect of increased @entity535 concentration in the medium on the metabolic behavior of the lens. Concentrations of @entity1522 from 0 to 7.26 times the posterior concentration of @entity1522 in chamber aqueous humour were studied. Seven studies were done with a flow rate of medium of about 2 g per h, with each experiment lasting from 80 to 100 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Effect of XXXX input rates on lens metabolism in a perfusion culture system.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In @entity1 , both language and fine motor skills are associated with left-hemisphere specialization, whereas @entity1957 are associated with right-hemisphere specialization. Individuals with @entity2438 spectrum conditions (ASC) show a profile of deficits and strengths that involves these lateralized cognitive functions. Here we test the hypothesis that regions implicated in these functions are atypically rightward lateralized in individuals with ASC and, that such atypicality is associated with functional performance. @entity1 included 67 male, right-handed adults with ASC and 69 age- and IQ-matched neurotypical males. We assessed group differences in structural asymmetries in cortical regions of interest with voxel-based analysis of grey matter volumes, followed by correlational analyses with measures of language, motor and @entity1957 . We found stronger rightward lateralization within the inferior parietal lobule and reduced leftward lateralization extending along the auditory cortex comprising the planum temporale, Heschl's gyrus, posterior supramarginal gyrus, and parietal operculum, which was more pronounced in ASC individuals with delayed language onset compared to those without. Planned correlational analyses showed that for individuals with ASC, reduced leftward asymmetry in the auditory region was associated with more childhood social reciprocity difficulties. We conclude that atypical cerebral structural asymmetry is a potential candidate neurophenotype of ASC. Hum Brain Mapp, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Atypically rightward cerebral asymmetry in male adults with XXXX stratifies individuals with and without language delay.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['visuospatial skills']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Self-management education is a cornerstone of routine @entity565 care. OBJECTIVES: To improve @entity565 knowledge and self-efficacy and to assess effects in @entity1 with @entity308 . METHODS: In a randomized trial, controls received @entity565 brochures and social support through frequent follow-up visits. Intervention @entity1 made a contract to adopt a behavior to improve @entity565 and received a workbook, weekly reinforcements for 12 weeks, and frequent follow-up visits. Outcomes were @entity565 Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores and @entity341 ( @entity341 ) visits and hospitalizations for @entity565 . RESULTS: Ninety @entity1 were randomized to each group. Mean age was 43 years, 84% were @entity1 , and mean study time was 27 months. Intervention @entity1 had more improvement in AQLQ scores at 5 months, but this difference was not sustained. For the entire period, AQLQ scores improved by a clinically important difference from 4.1 to a mean of 5.1 in both groups (P < .001) with no difference between groups (P = .91). In multivariate analysis, younger age, more education, better enrollment AQLQ score, more @entity565 self-efficacy and knowledge, and fewer @entity308 were associated with more improvement (P < .05 for all). Similar results were found for the SF-36. Thirty-one percent of @entity1 had an @entity341 visit, and 9% were hospitalized, with no differences between groups. In multivariate analysis, female sex, expecting to be cured of @entity565 , less @entity565 knowledge, and more @entity308 were associated with @entity341 visits. Being in the intervention group attenuated the effects of @entity308 for all outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Quality of life improved in both groups, with particular benefit in intervention @entity1 with @entity308 .

title: Randomized trial of self-management education in asthmatic XXXX and effects of @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: K-type @entity2388 kinase was purified from @entity1 kidney by immunoadsorbant chromatography. Monoclonal antibodies secreting hybridomas were made using conventional techniques. Two clones were established which produced antibodies against K-type not cross-reacting with the other @entity2388 kinase isoenzymes, named the M, L and R-types. The specificity of the monoclonal antibodies was proven by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting experiments. The M- and K-isoenzymes are produced from the same gene probably by alternative splicing, and all differences between both enzymes originate from one exon coding for 45 @entity1522 (Noguchi et al. J. Biol. Chem. 261, 13807-13812 (1986]. The monoclonal antibodies are specific for K-type under denaturing conditions. Thus, it is likely that these antibodies recognize (a) continuous epitope(s), of which at least some @entity1522 are coded in the K-specific exon. The monoclonal antibodies could be successfully used in immunohistochemical studies. Neurons and astrocytes in brain, Kupffer cells in liver, connective tissue cells and vascular smooth muscle cells showed immunoreactivity. However, striated muscle cells in skeletal muscle and heart and hepatocytes were not immunoreactive. Other types of glial cells, e.g., oligodendrocytes and microglia, so far studied, showed no reaction either.

title: Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against @entity1 type K XXXX kinase.

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity2388 :: (MESH:D019289,Chemical) :: ['pyruvate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aberrant DNA methylation is a hallmark of many @entity5 . Classically there are two types of @entity1204 , @entity4348 ( @entity4348 ), or Type I, and uterine @entity1377 (UPSC), or Type II. However, the whole genome DNA methylation changes in these two classical types of @entity1204 is still unknown. RESULTS: Here we described complete genome-wide DNA methylome maps of @entity4348 , UPSC, and normal endometrium by applying a combined strategy of methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-seq) and methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme digestion sequencing (MRE-seq). We discovered distinct genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in @entity4348 and UPSC: 27,009 and 15,676 recurrent differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified respectively, compared with normal endometrium. Over 80% of DMRs were in intergenic and intronic regions. The majority of these DMRs were not interrogated on the commonly used Infinium 450K array platform. Large-scale demethylation of chromosome X was detected in UPSC, accompanied by decreased @entity6630 expression. Importantly, we discovered that the majority of the DMRs harbored promoter or enhancer functions and are specifically associated with genes related to uterine development and disease. Among these, abnormal methylation of transposable elements (TEs) may provide a novel mechanism to deregulate normal endometrium-specific enhancers derived from specific TEs. CONCLUSIONS: DNA methylation changes are an important signature of @entity1204 and regulate gene expression by affecting not only proximal promoters but also distal enhancers.

title: Comparative DNA methylome analysis of @entity1204 reveals complex and distinct deregulation of XXXX promoters and enhancers.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary serous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['EAC', 'endometrioid adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies conducted during the 1990s indicated that @entity56 were increasing worldwide, but more recent investigations in some Western countries have suggested that the trend is stabilizing or may even be reversing. However, few data are available on the current status of @entity56 prevalence in Chinese @entity1 . The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence rates of @entity565 , @entity2023 , and @entity484 in @entity1 of three major cities of China, to determine the status of @entity56 among Chinese @entity1 generally, and to evaluate the prevalence of @entity56 in @entity1 of different ages. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey between October 2008 and May 2009 in three major cities of China (Beijing, Chongqing, and Guangzhou) to evaluate the prevalence rates of @entity56 including @entity565 , @entity2023 , and @entity484 , using a questionnaire of the International Study of @entity566 in Childhood (ISAAC) group. A total of 24,290 @entity1 aged 0-14 years were interviewed, using a multi-stage sampling method. To acquire data on @entity1 aged 3-14 years, we visited schools and kindergartens. To access @entity1 too young to attend school or kindergarten, we extended our survey to community health service centers. Each questionnaire was completed by a parent or guardian of a @entity1 after an informed consent form was signed. RESULTS: Of the 24,290 @entity1 in our study, 12,908 (53.14%) were males and 11,382 (46.86%) females; 10,372 (42.70%) were from Beijing, 9,846 (40.53%) from Chongqing, and 4,072 (16.77%) from Guangzhou. Our survey indicated that in Beijing, Chongqing, and Guangzhou, the prevalence rates of @entity565 were 3.15%, 7.45%, and 2.09%, respectively; the rates of @entity2023 were 14.46%, 20.42%, and 7.83%; and the rates of @entity484 were 20.64%, 10.02%, and 7.22%. The prevalence of @entity56 varied with age. Asthma was relatively less common both in @entity1 aged under 2 years, and in those aged 9 years or more, in each of the three cities. The prevalence of @entity2023 was also lower in @entity1 younger than 2 years. The prevalence of @entity484 fell with age. CONCLUSIONS: A marked increase in the prevalence rates of @entity56 in China (compared with earlier data) was evident. Further studies exploring the precise causes of this increase are warranted.

title: Self-reported prevalence of XXXX in three cities of China: a multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['Asthma and Allergies']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'childhood allergic diseases', 'allergic disease']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['childhood allergic diseases']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: high-rate pacing may have an inhibitory effect on the initiation of @entity1166 ( @entity1166 ). However, permanent pacing is only indicated in high-risk @entity1 . We performed a proof of concept study into automatic overdrive pacing for prevention of drug-induced @entity1166 , using short-term variability of repolarization (STV) as a feedback parameter of arrhythmic risk. METHODS AND RESULTS: the minimal signal sampling frequency required for measuring STV was determined through computer simulation. Arrhythmogenic response to @entity2781 (25 microg/kg/5 minutes) was tested at two different paced heart rates (60-65 bpm vs 100-110 bpm) in 7 @entity235 with chronic @entity713 , while recording right and left ventricular (LV) monophasic action potential (MAP) and LV electrogram (EGM). Simulations showed a sampling frequency of 500 Hz is sufficient to capture relevant STV values. High-rate pacing prevented @entity2781 -induced @entity1166 seen at the low rate (low: 6/7 vs high: 1/7). At the low rate, @entity23888 from LV MAP duration increased before occurrence of spontaneous, ectopic activity and @entity1166 (1.7    0.6-3.0    1.8 ms, P < 0.05), but at the high-rate STV did not change significantly (0.9    0.2-1.5    1.4 ms, NS). Regression analysis showed a close relation between STV calculated from LV MAP and from LV EGM (R(2) = 0.71). CONCLUSIONS: high-rate pacing increases repolarization reserve in @entity235 with chronic @entity713 , preventing @entity2781 -induced @entity1166 . Changes in repolarization reserve are reflected in values of STV.

title: High-rate pacing reduces variability of repolarization and prevents repolarization-dependent arrhythmias in XXXX with chronic @entity713 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2781 :: ('MESH:C063533', 'Chemical') :: ['dofetilide']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['TdP', 'Torsade de Pointes arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Antiarrhythmic drugs have typical cardiac side effects. These effects are due to their electrophysiological action on the one hand and to the negative inotropy on the other. These electrophysiological effects can cause a @entity308 of sinus node function and/or AV conduction leading to severe @entity1168 or @entity1167 . However, the proarrhythmic effects of these drugs are clinically more important, especially the induction of @entity1165 and "torsades". The incidence of these proarrhythmic effects is at least 5% of all @entity1 treated. @entity1 with reduced ventricular function, "malignant" @entity943 , and @entity1162 are especially endangered. Proarrhythmic effects may occur after the first dose. However, in most instances the risk is increased with higher dosage. The hemodynamic effects of antiarrhythmic drugs are especially important in @entity1 with reduced cardiac function. The negative inotropy of antiarrhythmic drugs is often counterbalanced by the simultaneous decrease in blood pressure leading to an afterload reduction. Antiarrhythmic drugs causing an increase in systemic resistance may have a more pronounced depressive effect on cardiac function. However, if the acute treatment of severely ill @entity1 in the CCU is excluded, the negative inotropy of antiarrhythmic drugs is not such an important problem as the proarrhythmic effect. As a consequence, antiarrhythmic treatment should be restricted to severely symptomatic @entity1 on the one hand and to those with @entity943 of prognostic importance on the other. In addition, the @entity1 's treatment should be carefully controlled, especially during the early phase of treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs.

title: [Cardiac side effects of anti- XXXX agents].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QT prolongation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmia']


abstract: @entity2772 leaves contain a highly active nuclease called SP. The purified enzyme incises single-stranded DNA, RNA, and double-stranded DNA that has been destabilized by A-T-rich regions and DNA lesions [Strickland et al. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 9749-9756]. This broad range of activity has suggested that SP may be similar to a family of nucleases represented by S1, P1, and the @entity2773 nuclease. However, unlike these single-stranded nucleases that require acidic pH and low ionic strength conditions, SP has a neutral pH optimum and is active over a wide range of salt concentrations. We have extended these findings and showed that an outstanding substrate for SP is a mismatched DNA duplex. For base-substitution mismatches, SP incises at all mismatches except those containing a @entity2774 residue. SP also cuts at insertion/deletions of one or more @entity2036 . Where the extrahelical DNA loop contains one @entity377 , the preference of extrahelical @entity377 is @entity2775 approximately C but undetectable at G. The inability of SP to cut at @entity2774 residues and the favoring of A-T-rich regions distinguish SP from the @entity196 family of neutral pH mismatch endonucleases recently discovered in celery and other plants [Oleykowski et al. (1998) Nucleic Acids Res. 26, 4597-4602]. SP, like @entity196 , does not turn over after incision at a mismatched site in vitro. Similar to @entity196 , the presence of a DNA polymerase or a DNA ligase allows SP to turn over and stimulate its activity in vitro by about 20-fold. The possibility that the SP nuclease may be a natural variant of the @entity196 family of mismatch endonucleases is discussed.

title: Incision at XXXX insertions/deletions and base pair mismatches by the SP nuclease of @entity2772 .

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2775 :: ('c|SUB|A||T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['A > T']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity177 ( @entity177 ) is mainly performed in @entity1 with @entity302 and pre-existing severe @entity1269 . It is accepted that mainly @entity1 at young ages with more or less complete loss of their hand function are suitable candidates for @entity177 . However, we feel that @entity177 should be considered also in some adults with devastating @entity302 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We report four cases of adults who underwent @entity177 because of their @entity302 . Three of the four @entity1 had reduced but not complete loss of hand function. Careful weighing-up of the risk-benefit ratio still led to the decision to perform @entity177 in order to achieve complete @entity410 relief. RESULTS: All @entity1 had a surgical outcome of Engel class I; one of them suffered from post-operative @entity302 which were treated successfully by psychotherapy. No clinically relevant complications occurred. CONCLUSION: We wish to point out that @entity177 is a possible surgical option in cases with @entity302 in adulthood. @entity1 and relatives should strongly consider that the likelihood of at least partially, @entity73 or other surgery-related additional handicaps may be outweighed by the chance of freedom of @entity410 in a limited number of @entity1 . In all of our cases, @entity1 and relatives agreed that the surgical outcome led to a marked improvement of quality of life and that it had been the right decision to proceed with @entity177 in spite of the expected negative impacts of the operation. Video examples of the pre- and post-surgical hand function of one sample @entity1 are enclosed.

title: @entity177 in adults with XXXX : a report of 4 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired hand function']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FH', 'Functional hemispherectomy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral epilepsy syndromes', 'psychogenic non-epileptic seizures', 'catastrophic epilepsies', 'intractable epilepsy syndromes']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['intractable epilepsy syndromes']


abstract: The mechanism of electrocardiographic ST segment changes during acute @entity1563 was evaluated in 28 consecutive @entity1 with @entity453 undergoing coronary angioplasty. @entity1 were continuously monitored with a six lead electrocardiogram. Twenty-three @entity1 showed ST changes in the primary zone of occlusion, and 13 of these had additional ST changes in a remote zone. Ten of these 13 had unusually extensive arteries supplying the remote zone. The balloon occluded two adjacent normal arteries in two @entity1 , and no coronary anatomic explanation was evident in one @entity1 . Ten @entity1 with striking primary zone ST changes showed no remote change. Seven had nonextensive primary zone arteries, and three others had abundant collateral vessels. Five @entity1 showed no electrocardiographic changes in primary or remote zones. Four had collateral vessels, and one had @entity4346 on the baseline electrocardiogram. It was concluded that remote electrocardiographic changes are probably due to occlusion of unusually extensive coronary arteries and are not simply reciprocal.

title: "Ischemia at a distance" during intermittent XXXX : a coronary anatomic explanation.

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['single vessel coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

answer: @entity1563 :: (MESH:D054059,Disease) :: ['coronary artery occlusion']


abstract: In Mexico, 39% of 158 @entity1 operated on for @entity259 require reoperative thyroid surgery. We retrospectively reviewed the indications and histopathological findings of 60 @entity1 reoperated on because of: a) suspected persistent or recurrent disease; b) high risk @entity1 treated by lobectomy; c) different histology; d) complete lack of information, e) and distant @entity3 . In 53 cases (88%), the initial surgery was nodulectomy or lobectomy, and in seven (11%) was subtotal or near-total thyroidectomy. Among the 60 reoperations, 50 were completion total thyroidectomy and 10 were near-total thyroidectomy. In 27 cases (45%) a neck dissection was additionally done. Histologic examination revealed @entity259 in 32 cases (53%) and neck node @entity3 in 28 cases (47%). Complications included six cases (9%) of permanent palsy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve after the initial surgery outside of our hospital and two cases (1.75%) of reoperated cases. In four reoperated @entity1 (6.6%), permanent @entity261 was developed. It is mandatory to complete thyroidectomy and neck dissection in a high proportion of @entity1 initially treated in general hospitals due to an inadequate criteria in the selection of the extension of thyroidectomy and treatment of neck node metastases. Histologic findings of these @entity1 support our indications to complete the surgical treatment.

title: [Reintervention to complete the surgical treatment of XXXX . Indications and histopathological findings].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer', 'thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancer']


abstract: We resected 120 pulmonary @entity3 in 67 @entity1 and 49 hepatic @entity3 in 38 @entity1 . After surgical removal of pulmonary @entity3 , 14 @entity1 survived five years; without surgical therapy, only one @entity1 survived. As for the prognosis, as many as four resected pulmonary @entity3 are unimportant. In instances of several @entity3 , resections should be performed carefully and as rarely as possible. After lobectomy, nine @entity1 have survived for five years; after wedge excisions, four @entity1 have survived for five years, and after bilobectomies or pneumonectomy, one @entity1 has survived for five years. If the lungs are the first filter of hematogen @entity3 , more @entity1 survive for five years than if the liver is the first filter. With a prolonged free interval period, the prognosis is better. The @entity5 -doubling time must not influence indication. After resection of hepatic @entity3 , four @entity1 survived for five years. The prognosis is more favorable for @entity1 with solitary metastasis and if local resection will be sufficient. When the @entity5 and hepatic @entity3 are removed at the same operation, the prognosis is better than in an instance of delayed diagnosis and removal. If the liver is the first hematogen filter for cleaned off cells of the @entity5 , the survival rates are higher than when the lungs are the first filter.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX to the lung and liver.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: Abstract Objective: We evaluated the @entity2247 inhibitors, @entity14296 and @entity12698 , in Korean @entity1 with @entity571 ( @entity571 ). Methods: This study included @entity1 (>= 40 years of age) with a clinical and radiographic diagnosis of knee @entity571 . @entity1 were randomized to @entity14296 30   mg (qd) or @entity12698 200   mg (qd) in a 12 week randomized, controlled, double-blind study. Prior NSAID users were to demonstrate a worsening of symptoms upon withdrawal of medication. Efficacy endpoints included the time-weighted average change from baseline in the WOMAC VA 3.0 @entity158 Subscale (100   mm Visual Analog Scale [VAS]; primary endpoint), the WOMAC VA 3.0 Physical Function Subscale (100   mm VAS), and @entity1 Global Assessment of Disease Status (PGAD) (100   mm VAS). The primary hypothesis was that @entity14296 30   mg is non-inferior to @entity12698 200   mg as assessed by the primary endpoint (the non-inferiority margin was set at 10   mm VAS). Adverse events (AEs), laboratory parameters, and vital signs were monitored. Results: There were 239 @entity1 (89.5% female; mean age: 63.3 years) randomized to @entity14296 30   mg (n   =   120) and @entity12698 200   mg (n   =   119). The differences ( @entity14296 vs @entity12698 ) in least square (LS) mean change (95% CI) for WOMAC @entity158 , WOMAC Physical Function, and PGAD were -1.63   mm (-5.37, 2.10), -1.32   mm (-4.88, 2.23), and -1.09   mm (-5.48, 3.30), respectively. Drug-related clinical AEs occurred in 6.7% ( @entity14296 ) and 2.5% ( @entity12698 ) of @entity1 . This study was limited because it was not designed or powered to adequately capture and evaluate rare AEs associated with NSAID treatment. Conclusions: @entity14296 30   mg administered once daily in Korean @entity1 with knee @entity571 demonstrated non-inferior clinical efficacy to @entity12698 200   mg over 12 weeks of treatment as assessed by all primary and secondary outcomes. @entity14296 30   mg qd and @entity12698 200   mg qd were generally safe and well tolerated. Clinical trial registration: NCT01554163.

title: @entity14296 in the treatment of Korean @entity1 with XXXX in a double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity14296 :: ('MESH:C422649', 'Chemical') :: ['etoricoxib', 'Etoricoxib']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: There is controversy about the optimal treatment for @entity57 . Eight @entity1 with @entity358 underwent surgical treatment. Three @entity1 had @entity378 , one Sj  gren syndrome, one @entity12040 , one @entity706 . Lobectomy was performed in five @entity1 , segmentectomy in three @entity1 . All @entity1 are alive and have no recurrence. We have obtained excellent results from surgery and advocate early surgery for localized lesions to prevent life-threatening hemoptysis. This will allow @entity1 to continue with further treatment for the underlying disease. We encountered a granulocytopenic @entity1 with rapidly progressive @entity281 resulting in occlusion of @entity358 leading to @entity204 . Surgical intervention could not prevent this fatal outcome. The selection of the @entity1 with @entity66 should be made carefully.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity57 :: ('MESH:D055732', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse lesions']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ['aortitis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillus infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspergilloma', 'main pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity57 :: (MESH:D055732,Disease) :: ['pulmonary aspergillosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mass drug administration ( @entity1865 ) means once-in-a-year administration of @entity6566 ( @entity6567 ) tablet to all @entity1 (excluding @entity1 under 2 years, pregnant @entity1 and severely ill @entity1 ) in identified endemic areas. It aims at cessation of transmission of @entity3754 . OBJECTIVE: What has been the coverage and compliance of @entity1865 in Gujarat during the campaign in December 2006? STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional population based house-to-house visit. SETTING: Urban and rural areas in Gujarat identified as @entity6565 where @entity1865 2006 was undertaken. STUDY VARIABLES: Exploratory - Rural and urban districts; Outcome - coverage, compliance, actual coverage, side effects. ANALYSIS: Percentage and proportions. RESULTS: Twenty-six clusters, each comprising 32 households from six endemic districts, yielded an eligible population of 4164. The coverage rate was 85.2% with variation across different areas. The compliance with drug ingestion was 89% with a gap of 11% to be targeted by intensive IEC. The effective coverage (75.8%) was much below the target (85%). Side effects of DEC were minimum, transient and drug-specific. Overall coverage was marginally better in rural areas. The causes of poor coverage and compliance have been discussed and relevant suggestions have been made.

title: An evaluation of coverage and compliance of mass drug administration 2006 for elimination of XXXX in endemic areas of gujarat.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity6566 :: ('MESH:D004049', 'Chemical') :: ['diethyl carbamazine']

entities_list: @entity6565 :: ('MESH:D005368', 'Disease') :: ['endemic for filariasis']

entities_list: @entity3754 :: ('MESH:D004605', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic filariasis']

answer: @entity3754 :: (MESH:D004605,Disease) :: ['lymphatic filariasis']


abstract: Knowledges on the characteristics in @entity137 of @entity3319 ( @entity1139 ), obtained in the present series of experiments in vitro, would be summarized as follows: (1) No appreciable cell-phase-specific age-response to @entity1139 through the cell cycle of JTC-11 line of cells in vitro was shown. Cytolethal sensitivity of the mitotic cells to @entity1139 was equal to that of the exponentially growing cells. (2) Culture media were prepared in graded concentrations of serum proteins and the various albumin/globulin ratios. Cytolethal @entity137 of @entity1139 in the graded treatment periods and concentrations was assayed in the prepared media. The apparent @entity1139 @entity137 was decreased both by albumin and by globulin. The both serum proteins appeared to be cytoprotective from @entity1139 @entity137 . In culture medium containing albumin, or inactivated bovine whole serum, the cytolethal @entity137 of @entity1139 was not observed in the @entity1139 treatment concentrations below 0.5 micrograms/ml, but it was observed for any @entity1139 treatment periods in the any concentrations above 0.5 micrograms/ml. Increases in the concentrations of either albumin or globulin, or the both, correlated with the decrease of @entity1139 @entity137 . (3) @entity1139 uptake to the given number of cells was measured and decreased @entity1139 uptake of cells in the medium containing serum protein, compared with that in the serum-protein-free medium, was obtained. Rapid transfer of @entity1139 from the cells to the @entity1139 free medium was observed during the first 30 min after the @entity1139 treatment, which was followed by a slower exponential regression of @entity1139 content of the cells during the successive incubation in the @entity1139 free growth medium.

title: XXXX of @entity3319 attenuated by serum proteins and it's release from the treated cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity3319 :: ('MESH:C004925', 'Chemical') :: ['methylmercuric chloride']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Cytotoxicity']


abstract: Reports on the relationship between @entity1243 and physical activity (PA) at the population level are scarce. The present study examined the relationship between serum @entity1243 concentrations and PA in a nationally representative sample of 3001 Iranian adults aged 25 to 64 years. Data of our third national surveillance of risk factors of noncommunicable diseases were analyzed. Using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, the duration and intensity of PA were evaluated in 3 domains: work, commuting, and recreation. Total PA was calculated using metabolic equivalents for PA intensity. Serum @entity1243 was measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After adjustment for age, area of residence, smoking, body mass index, and waist circumference, total PA (r = -0.129, P = .038 in @entity1 and r = -0.226, P = .006 in @entity1 ), the duration of vigorous-intensity activity (r = -0.120, P = .044 in @entity1 and r = -0.154, P = .019 in @entity1 ), the duration of moderate-intensity activity (r = -0.114, P = .047 in @entity1 and r = -0.160, P = .018 in @entity1 ), and time spent on sedentary behaviors (r = 0.194, P = .014 in @entity1 and r = -0.204, P = .007 in @entity1 ) were significantly correlated with serum @entity1243 . In both sexes, @entity1 in higher categories of PA had significantly lower serum @entity1243 levels. In conclusion, our results demonstrated an inverse association between @entity1243 concentrations and PA independent of age, sex, smoking, and body adiposity. Our results point to the regulatory effects of PA on serum @entity1243 .

title: Physical activity is correlated with serum XXXX independent of obesity: results of the national surveillance of risk factors of noncommunicable diseases in Iran (SuRFNCD-2007).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

answer: @entity1243 :: (3952,Gene) :: ['leptin']


abstract: @entity420 is the fifth most common cause of @entity5 deaths in the United States, yet few cytogenetic studies of this @entity5 have been reported. We analyzed 26 primary @entity5 to identify which @entity2008 occur most frequently in this @entity5 . One @entity189 was well differentiated and @entity3558 producing, 18 were moderately well differentiated, and seven were poorly differentiated. Only normal karyotypes were obtained from nine @entity189 . The remaining 17 @entity189 frequently had normal metaphase cells in addition to simple to highly complex karyotypes. The modal chromosome number in 20 @entity189 was diploid or near-diploid; four @entity189 had both a major near-diploid and near-triploid or near-tetraploid component, and two were near-tetraploid. @entity854 included loss of whole copies of chromosomes 6, 17, and 18, and gains of chromosome 20. @entity2526 were frequent, with 1p, 2p, 3p, 4q, 6q, 7q, 11q, and 17p recurrently involved. Results of this study were combined with karyotypes of 19 other primary @entity420 of the pancreas reported in the literature. The combined data involving 117 breakpoints suggest that careful analysis of chromosome 20, proximal 1q, 6q, proximal 8p, and proximal 17p could be productive in defining genes involved in @entity420 .

title: XXXX in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['Structural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Numerical abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas', 'adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']

answer: @entity2008 :: (MESH:D002869,Disease) :: ['Chromosome abnormalities']


abstract: PURPOSE: The efficacy of curative irradiation in the treatment of @entity1149 @entity1 is considered limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term survival in a population-based approach. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Cases of @entity1149 diagnosed from 1993 to 2001 were identified in the Cancer Registry of Norway. Electronic linkage with national data from the hospitals' radiotherapy verification systems identified those who received potentially curative doses (>=  50 Gy). Hospital records were reviewed for all @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of 497 @entity1 (336 @entity1 ) were identified with a radiation dose of >=  50 Gy delivered to the lung region. Of these, 41% received 60 Gy or more. The majority (70%) of @entity1 included had advanced stage disease: 24% Stage IIIA and 46% Stage IIIB. The overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year observed survival rates were 53%, 16%, and 9%, respectively. Multivariable analyses identified stage and chemotherapy, but not radiation dose, as significant independent prognostic variables for survival. However, 68% of @entity1 treated with chemotherapy participated in prospective studies with inclusion criteria that excluded @entity1 with less favorable prognostic factors, leading to a selection bias. The number of fractions and the radiation doses varied widely among different hospitals. CONCLUSION: The long-term prognosis after radiation therapy is poor. More sophisticated, targeted, and uniform delivery of radiation therapy is needed. The apparent benefit of chemotherapy may in part be due to selection of @entity1 with more favorable prognostic factors for this therapy.

title: Potentially curative radiotherapy for XXXX in Norway: a population-based study of survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: To improve the quality of 24 hours delayed images (24 DL) of stress thallium-201 myocardial SPECT, reinjection was performed at 24 hours later (24 RI), and the results were compared with those of 24 DL. A total of 45 @entity1 were studied, including 18 @entity1 in 24 DL, 27 @entity1 in 24 RI. All of them showed persistent defect or incomplete redistribution on the routine stress and 3 hours delayed SPECT scans. In 24 RI, 37 MBq of thallium-201 was reinjected at 24 hours later. Myocardial count of 24 DL was about 1/4 of stress image, while 24 RI was about 1/2. Quality of 24 RI image was nearly equal to 3 hours delayed image. Of regions without redistribution at 3 hours delayed image, 5 (36%) regions showed new redistribution at 24 RI. Of regions incomplete redistribution, 6 (25%) regions showed further redistribution. Compared with 24 DL, the frequency of redistribution tended to be higher in this protocol than that of the 24 DL (11%, 17% respectively). In conclusion, the reinjection at 24 hours delayed @entity2996 was considered to be useful to evaluate viability of myocardium in @entity1 with CAD.

title: [Assessment of 201Tl myocardial SPECT reinjected at 24 hours after stress XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity2996 :: (MESH:C564543,Disease) :: ['imaging']