abstract: @entity15395 stimulates the production of reactive @entity26 species and activates proinflammatory cytokines leading to @entity409 . We hypothesized that the anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity1618 counteracts the impairment in endothelium-dependent @entity1617 relaxation caused by @entity15395 . Aortic rings of C57BL/6 @entity19 were incubated in DMEM in the presence of vehicle (deionized @entity2507 ), @entity26549 II (100 nmol/l), recombinant @entity19 @entity1618 (300 ng/ml), or both @entity15395 and @entity1618 for 22 h at 37 degrees C. After incubation, rings were mounted in a wire myograph to assess endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation to cumulative concentrations of @entity1617 . Overnight exposure of aortic rings to @entity15395 resulted in blunted @entity1617 -induced vasorelaxation compared with that shown in untreated rings (maximal response = 44 +/- 3% vs. 64 +/- 3%, respectively; P<0.05). @entity1618 treatment significantly restored this impairment in relaxation (63 +/- 2%). In addition, the @entity1110 oxidase inhibitor @entity12824 restored the impairment in relaxation (maximal response = 76 +/- 3%). Western blotting showed increased @entity18511 (phox) expression (a subunit of @entity1110 oxidase) in response to @entity15395 . Vessels treated with a combination of @entity15395 and @entity1618 showed decreased expression of @entity18511 (phox). Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased @entity18511 (phox) expression in @entity15395 -treated vessels compared with those treated with combined @entity15395 and @entity1618 . We found that the anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity1618 prevents impairment in endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in response to long-term incubation with @entity15395 via decreasing @entity1110 oxidase expression.

title: @entity1618 counteracts impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by @entity26549 II in XXXX aortic rings.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of supra-aortic vessels reconstruction within acute period of @entity64 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Early surgery was performed in 7 @entity1 aged 67  9 years. Revascularization was made after 4.6 days after @entity385 on the average (range from 2 to 7 days). Neurological status before and after surgery was assessed using NIHSS scale, mean preoperative score was 3.9  2.7 (0-7). All @entity1 had @entity75 (4-32 mm, mean 10 mm) unilateral with @entity543 or @entity432 . Carotid artery stenting was performed in 2 @entity1 , carotid endarterectomy - in 4 @entity1 and stenting of segment I of the left subclavian artery was made in 1 case. RESULTS: There were no mortality and recurrent postoperative @entity385 . Complications occurred in two @entity1 : postoperative @entity1410 and intraoperative transient @entity63 attack that developed during @entity1741 after 5 days of a @entity64 . There was positive neurological dynamics after revascularization: there was almost 2-fold decrease of mean score of @entity51 (from 3.9  2.7  1.7 to 2). CONCLUSION: Early surgical prevention of recurrent @entity64 (up to 7 days) can be performed effectively and safely in carefully selected @entity1 with @entity385 ( @entity51 less than 3 Rankin scores and less than 7 NIHSS scores, @entity2806 dimensions lass than 4 cm). Reconstruction of supra-aortic vessels in acute stage of @entity64 improves the neurological status and reduces the degree of @entity3481 . However, currently there are no clear criteria for inclusion and exclusion of @entity1 for early revascularization using both degree of @entity51 and size of @entity2806 . So our results need to be confirmed by large trials.

title: [Early reconstruction of supra-aortic vessels as a prevention of recurrent XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesion']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity3481 :: ('MESH:D015417', 'Disease') :: ['motor and sensory disorders']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current guidelines for dosing of anti- @entity1906 drugs in @entity1 advocate higher doses for @entity1215 and @entity3109 despite limited availability of paediatric data on the pharmacokinetics of these drugs, especially from Africa, where the burden of @entity66 remains high. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 aged 6 months to 15 years underwent intensive pharmacokinetic sampling for first-line anti- @entity1906 drugs at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi. @entity1215 , @entity3109 , @entity5585 and @entity3110 were dosed at 10, 5, 25 and 20 mg/kg, respectively. Plasma drug concentrations were determined using sensitive, validated bioanalytical methods and summary pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using non-compartmental analysis. RESULTS: The median (IQR) Cmax was 2.90 (2.08-3.43), 3.37 (2.55-4.59), 34.60 (32.30-40.90) and 1.20 (0.85-1.68) mg/L while the median (IQR) AUC0-    was 16.92 (11.10-22.74), 11.48 (7.35-18.93), 333.50 (279.50-487.2) and 8.65 (5.96-11.47) mg  h/L for @entity1215 , @entity3109 , @entity5585 and @entity3110 , respectively. For all drugs, pharmacokinetic parameters relating to drug absorption and exposure were lower than those published for adults, though similar to existing paediatric data from sub-Saharan Africa. Weight and/or dose predicted at least one measure of exposure for all drugs. Age-related decreases in CL/F for @entity1215 and @entity5585 and a biphasic elimination pattern of @entity3109 were observed. Predicted AUC0 -    for @entity1215 dosed at 15 mg/kg was comparable to that of adults while the dose required to achieve @entity3110 exposure similar to that in adults was 55 mg/kg or higher. CONCLUSIONS: These data support recently revised WHO recommendations for dosing of anti- @entity1906 drugs in @entity1 , but dosing of @entity3110 in @entity1 also appears inadequate by comparison with adult pharmacokinetic data.

title: Pharmacokinetics of anti- XXXX drugs in Malawian @entity1 : reconsidering the role of @entity3110 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3110 :: ('MESH:D004977', 'Chemical') :: ['ethambutol']

entities_list: @entity5585 :: ('MESH:D011718', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrazinamide']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['childhood disease']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin', 'Rifampicin']

answer: @entity1906 :: (MESH:D014390,Disease) :: ['TB']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the MRI features seen after uterine artery embolization and to evaluate the clinical response in @entity1 with @entity1870 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with @entity1870 underwent uterine artery embolization and follow-up MRI for 1 year. Of the 30, 27 @entity1 were diagnosed with uterine fibroids and @entity1870 on the basis of MRI before uterine artery embolization. In six of the 27 @entity1 , the dominant disease was @entity1870 . Three of the 30 @entity1 had @entity1870 alone. The distribution, thickness, and enhancement of @entity1870 were analyzed in each @entity1 . @entity1 completed a symptom questionnaire. RESULTS: After uterine artery embolization, the junctional zone-myometrial ratio did not change significantly. There were regions of devascularization of @entity1870 on contrast-enhanced images in 12 @entity1 , all with a junctional zone thickness before uterine artery embolization of more than 20 mm (mean thickness, 39.2 mm). Eleven of the 12 @entity1 had focal or asymmetric distribution patterns of @entity1870 . All three @entity1 with pure @entity1870 and all six @entity1 with dominant @entity1870 reported an improvement in symptoms. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 treated with uterine artery embolization, MRI shows changes in areas of @entity1870 with a decrease in junctional zone vascularity in @entity1 with thickening of the junctional zone greater than 20 mm. Devascularization may be related to the distribution of @entity1870 . The presence of @entity1870 should not be used as a contraindication to uterine artery embolization because most @entity1 show clinical improvement after undergoing this procedure.

title: XXXX : MRI of the uterus treated with uterine artery embolization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1870 :: ('MESH:D062788', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyosis']

answer: @entity1870 :: (MESH:D062788,Disease) :: ['Adenomyosis']


abstract: Since 1988, cucurbit crops, particularly watermelon, cantaloupe, and squash, grown in Oklahoma and Texas have experienced devastating losses from @entity66 ( @entity66 ), caused by the phloem-limited bacterium @entity5134 Bizio. Squash bug, Anasa tristis (De Geer), is a putative vector of the pathogen. In 2000-2001, overwintering populations of squash bug collected from DeLeon, TX, were tested for their ability to harbor and transmit the bacterium. Individual squash bugs (n = 73) were caged serially for periods of up to 7 d on at least four squash seedlings. Two studies were conducted, one with insects collected in November 2000 placed on first true leaf-stage seedlings and the second with insects from an April 2001 collection, placed on 3-5 true leaf-stage squash. Controls consisted of squash seedlings caged without insects. Squash bug transmission rates of the pathogen in studies I and II were 20 and 7.5%, respectively. Overall, 11.0% of the squash bugs harbored and successfully transmitted the bacterium to squash seedlings. All control plants tested negative for @entity5134 and did not exhibit @entity66 . Female squash bugs killed a significantly greater proportion of young first leaf-stage seedlings than males. Feeding on 3-5 leaf-stage squash resulted in no plant mortality regardless of squash bug gender. This study demonstrated that the squash bug harbors @entity5134 in its overwintering state. The squash bug- @entity5134 overwintering relationship reported herein greatly elevates the pest status of squash bug and places more importance on development of integrated strategies for reducing potential overwintering and emerging squash bug populations.

title: Overwintering squash bugs harbor and transmit the causal agent of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5134 :: ('615', 'Species') :: ['Serratia marcescens', 'S. marcescens']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['CYVD', 'cucurbit yellow vine disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['cucurbit yellow vine disease']


abstract: In recent years the diagnostic industry has developed new automated immunoassays for the qualitative detection of @entity1956 virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) in serum and plasma samples that are performed on analyzers that permit a high-speed throughput, random access, and primary tube sampling. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of two new automated HBsAg screening assays, IMMULITE HBsAg and IMMULITE 2000 HBsAg, from Diagnostic Products Corporation. The new HBsAg assays were compared to well-established tests (Auszyme Monoclonal [overnight incubation, version B], IMx HBsAg, AxSYM HBsAg, and Prism HBsAg [all from Abbott] and Elecsys HBsAg [Roche Diagnostics]). In the evaluation were included seroconversion panels, sera from the acute and chronic phases of infection, dilution series of various HBsAg standards, @entity97 subtypes and S gene mutants. To challenge the specificity of the new assays, sera from HBsAg-negative blood donors, pregnant @entity1 , and dialysis and hospitalized @entity1 and potentially cross-reactive samples were investigated. IMMULITE HBsAg and IMMULITE 2000 HBsAg, although not as sensitive as the Elecsys HBsAg assay, were equivalent to the AxSYM HBsAg assay and showed a higher sensitivity than the Auszyme Monoclonal B and IMx HBsAg systems for detection of @entity697 in seroconversion panels. The specificities (100%) of both IMMULITE assays on unselected blood donors and potentially interfering samples were comparable to those of the alternative assays after repeated testing. In conclusion, the new IMMULITE HBsAg and IMMULITE 2000 HBsAg assays show a good sensitivity for HBsAg detection compared to other well-established tests. The specificity on repeatedly tested samples was equivalent to that of the alternative assays. The rapid turnaround time, primary tube sampling, and on-board dilution make it an interesting assay system for clinical laboratory diagnosis.

title: Evaluation of two new automated assays for XXXX virus surface antigen (HBsAg) detection: IMMULITE HBsAg and IMMULITE 2000 HBsAg.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to establish the normal values of flow propagation velocity ( @entity17249 ) in healthy @entity1 and examine the variables that affect @entity17249 in clinical situations. METHODS: Two hundred and thirty- five healthy @entity1 and adolescents were assessed (aged 0-22.6 years, mean age 7.4 +/- 5.4 years; male, n = 142; female, n = 93). @entity17249 was obtained from an apical four-chamber view and determined as the slope of aliasing velocity of early diastolic transmitral flow on the color M-mode using Aloka SSD-5500 with 5.0 MHz transducer. Aliasing velocity was set at 50-70% of the peak transmitral flow velocity. Peak transmitral flow velocities in early diastole (E) and during atrial contraction (A), and the ratio of early to late peak velocity (E/A) were obtained. Tei index was also measured for analysis of general left ventricular performance. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was obtained from conventional echo measurement. E, E/A, Tei index and LVMI were compared with @entity17249 in healthy subjects. RESULTS: @entity17249 obtained from all subjects ranged from 23.7 to 96.0 cm/s (61.3 +/- 13.6 cm/s). Normal value of @entity17249 was less dependent on age, body size, heart rate and left ventricular dimension. In contrast, although there was no significant correlation between @entity17249 and ejection fraction, statistically significant correlation was found between @entity17249 , LVMI (P = 0.0008) and Tei index (P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: @entity17249 is independent of age, body size and heart rate and is useful to assess left ventricular relaxation in @entity1 .

title: Assessment of variables affecting flow propagation velocity of the left ventricle in healthy XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: This review highlights the different imaging modalities for the detection of @entity3620 . The chest film is the initial diagnostic tool of choice because it is easy to perform, inexpensive, and widely available. Unfortunately, it demonstrates @entity3620 in later stages of disease and is not suitable for an early sensitive and specific diagnosis. Computed tomography is capable of distinguishing the different forms of @entity456 . The knowledge of computed tomography findings is important for differentiation of malignant @entity456 from benign diseases. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in three planes can be clinically useful to differentiate @entity2615 from other @entity5 or from benign @entity456 . Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging offers the possibility to differentiate invasion of the diaphragm from transdiaphragmatic @entity5 growth, and, in @entity1 who are surgical candidates and who have questionable areas of local @entity5 extension on computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging may provide additional information to plan or avoid surgery. Improvements in the detection of regional and distant metastases are needed to identify @entity1 most likely to benefit from aggressive combined modality treatment regimes. In this context, positron emission tomography is a metabolic imaging technique that offers the possibility to evaluate active malignant cells. Drawbacks to this technique include false-positive findings, which may occur at sides of @entity32 , and lesser anatomic detail information. A complete and accurate staging of @entity3620 is essential to evaluate the efficacy of new therapeutic strategies. This implies the need to be familiar with the most recently developed staging system from the International @entity2615 Interest Group.

title: The role of new imaging techniques in diagnosis and staging of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['pleural mesothelioma', 'Mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural diseases', 'pleural abnormalities']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Aggressive treatment of early @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is recommended to prevent irreversible @entity16 . We evaluated the usefulness of single time-point joint radiographs for deciding whether @entity309 is erosive or nonerosive. METHODS: In an observational study, 179 @entity1 with recent onset of @entity309 symptoms (median 5.1 mo), positive rheumatoid factor, and active @entity625 had 2 to 8 radiographic observations of hands, wrists, and forefeet during 6 to 60 months of followup. Linear regression lines for all available radiographs were used to determine progression rates of @entity2406 ( @entity2406 ), @entity2681 score (ES), and joint space narrowing score (JSNS) of each @entity1 . RESULTS: Using the average of 2 readers' scores, intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.97 and smallest detectable difference was 3.07 for ES, 0.93 and 7.52 for JSNS, and 0.90 and 12.71 for @entity2406 . Mean progression rates per year were 1.20 (ES), 0.67 (JSNS), and 1.85 ( @entity2406 ). Single time-point radiographs taken within 6 months of symptom onset did not correlate with progression rates (r = 0.01 to 0.07); between 7 and 18 months correlations were weak (r = 0.23 to 0.35), but were better for ES between 19 and 72 months (r = 0.60 to 0.81). Among 53 @entity1 (31%) with no progression of @entity2406 , only 10 of them had zero scores at baseline. Among all 630 radiographs with @entity2406 > or = 1, 25% were associated with progression rates < or = 0. CONCLUSION: Erosion scores of single radiographic examinations done > 18 months after onset of @entity309 symptoms correlated with progression rates, but earlier radiographs did not sufficiently predict erosive or nonerosive status to guide disease modifying antirheumatic drug treatment decisions.

title: Correlation of single time-point damage scores with observed progression of radiographic damage during the first 6 years of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['joint damage']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA', 'early RA']

entities_list: @entity2406 :: ('MESH:D008947', 'Disease') :: ['total Sharp score', 'TSS']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of internal thoracic arteries is an established method for treating @entity453 because of their excellent long-term patency rates. However, these results mainly referred to the @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ) grafted to the left anterior descending coronary artery ( @entity3980 ). The aim of this study was to compare the patency rate of the @entity3538 after its placement to the diagonal branch. METHODS: A total of 302 @entity1 (median age 65 years) with previous arterial revascularization were retrospectively enrolled in the study. We compared @entity3538 grafts to the @entity3980 with those to the diagonal branch and with sequential @entity3538 grafts to both vessels with respect to the patency rate over a median follow-up of 39 months after prior operation. Angiography was performed for recurrent angina. RESULTS: The average occlusion/ @entity850 rate of saphenous vein and @entity3538 grafts were 43.1% and 14.1%, respectively (p < 0.0001). Of the 302 @entity1 , 248 had received a single @entity3538 graft to the @entity3980 ; 21 @entity1 , a single @entity3538 graft to the diagonal branch; and 33 @entity1 , a sequential @entity3538 graft to both vessels. Thirty-three @entity3538 grafts to the @entity3980 (13.3%), three @entity3538 grafts to the diagonal branch (14.3%), and six sequential @entity3538 grafts to the @entity3980 and the diagonal branch (18.2%) were occluded or stenosed more than 50%, respectively (p = 0.68). Seventy-nine percent of @entity3538 graft stenoses were located at the peripheral @entity254 . CONCLUSIONS: Patency of single @entity3538 grafts to the diagonal branch or sequential @entity3538 grafts to the @entity3980 and diagonal branch were comparable to single @entity3538 grafts to the @entity3980 . Most stenoses of @entity3538 grafts were located at peripheral anastomoses.

title: Patency rates of three arterial grafting patterns to the left anterior descending and diagonal coronary arteries in symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['LITA', 'left internal thoracic artery']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bright light therapy is the recommended treatment for @entity7383 ( @entity7383 ). However, the studies with the best placebo controls have not been able to demonstrate that light treatment has a benefit beyond its placebo effect. METHODS: Ninety-six @entity1 with @entity7383 completed the study. @entity1 were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments for 4 weeks, each 1.5 hours per day: morning light (average start time about 6 AM), evening light (average start about 9 PM), or morning placebo (average start about 6 AM). The bright light (approximately 6000 lux) was produced by light boxes, and the placebos were sham negative-ion generators. @entity308 ratings using the Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton @entity308 Rating Scale, @entity7383 version ( @entity7383 ) were performed weekly. RESULTS: There were no differences among the 3 groups in expectation ratings or mean @entity308 scores after 4 weeks of treatment. However, strict response criteria revealed statistically significant differences; after 3 weeks of treatment morning light produced more of the complete or almost complete remissions than placebo. By 1 criterion (24-item @entity7383 score <50% of baseline and < or =8), 61% of the @entity1 responded to morning light, 50% to evening light, and 32% to placebo after 4 weeks of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Bright light therapy had a specific antidepressant effect beyond its placebo effect, but it took at least 3 weeks for a significant effect to develop. The benefit of light over placebo was in producing more of the full remissions.

title: Bright light treatment of XXXX : a placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity7383 :: ('MESH:D016574', 'Disease') :: ['SIGH-SAD', 'SAD', 'winter seasonal affective disorder']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['winter depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2650 is a frequent @entity154 but in most cases an underlying cause is not found. @entity25626 , @entity20043 , @entity20043 ) is a key regulator of @entity1 sex development and an increasing number of @entity25626 ( @entity20043 ) mutations are reported in 46,XY @entity4998 ( @entity4998 ). We hypothesized that @entity20043 mutations could be identified in @entity1 with @entity2650 . DESIGN AND METHODS: Mutational analysis of @entity20043 in 60 individuals with varying degrees of @entity2650 from the German @entity4998 network. RESULTS: Heterozygous @entity20043 mutations were found in three out of 60 cases. These three individuals represented the most severe end of the spectrum studied as they presented with @entity12094 , variable androgenization of the phallus and undescended testes (three out of 20 cases (15%) with this phenotype). @entity251 was low in all three @entity1 and inhibin B/anti-M  llerian hormone ( @entity248 ) were low in two @entity1 . Two @entity1 had a clear male gender assignment. Gender re-assignment to male occurred in the third case. Two @entity1 harbored heterozygous nonsense mutations ( @entity65866 , @entity65867 ). One @entity1 had a heterozygous splice site mutation in intron 2 (c.103-3A/WT) predicted to disrupt the main DNA-binding motif. Functional studies of the nonsense mutants showed impaired transcriptional activation of an @entity25626 -responsive promoter ( @entity5986 ). To date, @entity1887 has not occurred in any of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity25626 ( @entity20043 ) mutations should be considered in 46,XY individuals with severe (penoscrotal) @entity2650 , especially if undescended testes, low @entity251 , or low inhibin B/ @entity248 levels are present. @entity25626 mutations in milder forms of idiopathic @entity2650 are unlikely to be common.

title: The spectrum of phenotypes associated with mutations in XXXX , @entity20043 , @entity20043 ) includes severe @entity12094 in 46,XY males without @entity1887 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity12094 :: ('MESH:C566526', 'Disease') :: ['penoscrotal hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['DSD', 'disorders of sex development']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias', 'Hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity65866 :: ('p|SUB|Q,WT|107|X', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Q107X/WT']

entities_list: @entity65867 :: ('p|SUB|E,WT|11|X', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.E11X/WT']

answer: @entity25626 :: (7536,Gene) :: ['steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1']


abstract: It is debated how language and praxis are co-represented in the left hemisphere (LH). As voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping in LH @entity64 @entity1 with @entity2026 and/or @entity1742 may contribute to this debate, we here investigated the relationship between language and @entity51 at the behavioral and lesion levels in 50 sub-acute @entity64 @entity1 . We hypothesized that language and (meaningful) action are linked via semantic processing in Broca's region. Behaviorally, half of the @entity1 suffered from co-morbid @entity2026 and @entity1742 . While 24  % (n  =  12) of all @entity1 exhibited @entity2026 without @entity1742 , @entity1742 without @entity2026 was rare (n  =  2, 4  %). @entity75 , inferior parietal, and superior temporal lesions were specifically associated with deficits in naming, reading, writing, or auditory comprehension. In contrast, lesions affecting the @entity75 , and the central region as well as the inferior parietal lobe were associated with @entity51 (i.e., pantomime, imitation of meaningful and meaningless gestures). Thus, contrary to the predictions of the embodied cognition theory, lesions to sensorimotor and premotor areas were associated with the severity of praxis but not language deficits. Lesions of Brodmann area (BA) 44 led to combined apraxic and aphasic deficits. Data suggest that BA 44 acts as an interface between language and (meaningful) action thereby supporting parcellation schemes (based on connectivity and receptor mapping) which revealed a BA 44 sub-area involved in semantic processing.

title: Where language meets meaningful action: a combined behavior and lesion analysis of XXXX and @entity1742 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['left inferior frontal gyrus, premotor cortex', 'Left inferior frontal, insular']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['apraxic deficits', 'praxis deficits']

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['aphasia']


abstract: Nuclear receptor @entity16566 is predominantly expressed in liver and intestine. Expression of @entity16566 is observed to be dysregulated in various @entity209 indicating its involvement in disease development. However, information available on mechanisms of @entity16566 self-regulation is fragmentary. The present investigation identifies some of the regulatory elements responsible for its tight regulation and low cellular expression. Here, we report that the @entity16566 -promoter is a target for some key transcription factors like @entity7764 / @entity12136 , @entity5953 , @entity7763 and @entity1178 . Interestingly, we observed that @entity16566 -promoter responsiveness to @entity5953 , @entity7763 and @entity1178 , is considerably enhanced by Ets transcription factors ( @entity7764 and @entity12136 ). Co-transfection of cells with @entity12136 , @entity7763 and @entity1178 increased @entity16566 -promoter activity by 5-fold and also induced expression of endogenous @entity1 @entity16566 . Site-directed mutagenesis and transfection studies revealed that two Ets binding sites and two of the three LEF binding sites in the @entity16566 -promoter are functional and have a positive effect on @entity16566 transcription. Results suggest that expression of Ets family members, in conjunction with @entity5953 , @entity7763 and @entity1178 , lead to coordinated up-regulation of @entity16566 gene transcription. Insights obtained on the regulation of @entity16566 gene have relevance in offering important cues towards normal functioning as well as development of several @entity209 via @entity16566 signaling.

title: Pregnane and Xenobiotic Receptor gene expression in liver cells is modulated by @entity12136 in synchrony with transcription factors XXXX , @entity7763 and @entity1178 .

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

answer: @entity5953 :: (5079,Gene) :: ['Pax5']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the sensitivity, the number needed to screen (NNS) and the positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of cervical cytology for the diagnosis of @entity5 by age in a screening population. METHODS: A retrospective cohort of @entity1 with @entity3 nested within a census of cervical cytology. All (c. 8  million) @entity1 aged 20-64  years with cervical cytology (excluding tests after an earlier abnormality). From April 2007 to March 2010, 3372 @entity1 had @entity5 diagnosed within 12  months of such cytology in England. The sensitivity of cervical cytology to @entity5 , NNS to detect one @entity5 and predictive values of cytology were calculated for various 'referral' thresholds. These were calculated for ages 20-24, 25-34, 35-49 and 50-64  years. RESULTS: The sensitivity of at least moderate dyskaryosis [equivalent to a @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ) or worse] for @entity5 of 89.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) 88.3-90.4%] in @entity1 offered screening was independent of age. At all ages, @entity1 with @entity2414 or mild dyskaryosis on cytology (equivalent to ASC-US and LSIL, respectively, in the Bethesda system) had a similar risk of @entity5 to the risk in all @entity1 tested. The @entity2286 of severe dyskaryosis/?invasive and ?glandular @entity5 cytology (equivalent to @entity957 and @entity420 / @entity420 in  situ, respectively, in the Bethesda System) were 34% and 12%, respectively; the @entity2286 of severe dyskaryosis ( @entity2784 : severe @entity1141 ) was 4%. The NNS was lowest when the incidence of @entity5 was highest, at ages 25-39  years, but the proportion of those with abnormal cytology who have @entity5 was also lowest in younger @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity2286 of at least severe dyskaryosis ( @entity2784 : severe @entity1141 ) for @entity5 was 4-10% of @entity1 aged 25-64  years, justifying a 2-week referral to colposcopy and demonstrating the importance of failsafe monitoring for such @entity1 . The sensitivity of cytology for @entity5 was excellent across all age groups.

title: Evaluating cytology for the detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['borderline-early recall']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['HSIL', 'high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['invasive cervical cancer']


abstract: @entity4990 ( @entity4991 ), an initiator of @entity9 , causes @entity1931 . However, few studies have evaluated the pharmacological profile of @entity4991 -induced @entity158 . In this study, a @entity4991 -induced @entity158 model was developed and pharmacologically characterized with clinically relevant drugs used for @entity9 , including antiepileptics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, analgesics, local anaesthetics/antiarrhythmics and antidepressants. @entity2682 (1-30 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reversed @entity4991 -induced @entity1931 , but neither @entity3352 (30 mg/kg, p.o.) nor @entity1286 (0.3-3 mg/kg, s.c.) did, which indicates that @entity4991 -induced @entity158 consists mostly of @entity1109 rather than @entity158 . Both @entity4481 (0.3-10 mg/kg, p.o.) and   -CgTX MVIIA (0.01-0.03  g/ @entity19 , i.t.) completely reversed @entity4991 -induced @entity1931 in a dose-dependent manner. @entity3303 (1-30 mg/kg, s.c.), @entity2683 (1-30 mg/kg, p.o.) and @entity2049 (10-100 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly ameliorated @entity4991 -induced @entity1931 dose dependently. @entity1153 (30 mg/kg, i.p.) produced no significant analgesic effect in @entity4991 -induced @entity1931 . In @entity4991 -injected @entity19 , expression of the a2  1 subunit of the voltage-gated @entity460 channel (VGCC) was increased in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal dorsal horn. Furthermore, the VGCC current was potentiated in both the DRG from @entity4991 -injected @entity19 and @entity4991 (1  M)-treated DRG from saline-injected @entity19 , and the potentiated VGCC current was amended by treatment with @entity2682 (100  M). The @entity4991 -induced @entity158 model described here mimics aspects of the @entity9 state, including the sensitization of VGCC, and may be useful for the early assessment of drug candidates to treat @entity9 .

title: Pharmacological characterization of XXXX -induced @entity158 with clinically relevant @entity9 drugs.

entities_list: @entity4990 :: ('MESH:C032881', 'Chemical') :: ['Lysophosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['Gabapentin', 'gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic']

entities_list: @entity2683 :: ('MESH:D008801', 'Chemical') :: ['mexiletine']

entities_list: @entity1153 :: ('MESH:C048107', 'Chemical') :: ['Milnacipran']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity4990 :: (MESH:C032881,Chemical) :: ['lysophosphatidic acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the initial biomechanical strength of trapeziectomy and @entity7250 ( @entity7250 ) with ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI) for thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) @entity625 in a cadaveric model. Methods: Eight matched pairs of below-elbow cadaveric arms were used for this study. Each specimen was randomly assigned to either receive a trapeziectomy and LRTI (LRTI group) or trapeziectomy and @entity7250 ( @entity7250 group). Using previously described and validated testing protocols, physiological key pinch was simulated. The thumb metacarpal was then incrementally loaded from 5 to 20 lbs, using 5-lb increments. Metacarpal subsidence during physiological key pinch and @entity9420 was determined using radiographic measurements of trapezial space height. Results: The average pretesting trapezial space height did not differ significantly between the LRTI (11.9 mm) and @entity7250 (13.7 mm) groups. After simulated physiological key pinch, the @entity7250 group had significantly greater average trapezial space height compared with the LRTI group (8.0 mm vs 5.5 mm). For each incremental metacarpal load from 5 to 20 lbs, the @entity7250 group had significantly greater average trapezial space height than the LRTI group. Conclusions: In a cadaveric model, @entity7250 demonstrates greater resistance to metacarpal subsidence with immediate loading compared with LRTI.

title: Biomechanical Comparison of Suture-Button Suspensionplasty and LRTI for Basilar Thumb XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9420 :: ('MESH:C536761', 'Disease') :: ['incremental loading']

entities_list: @entity7250 :: ('MESH:D016463', 'Disease') :: ['SBS', 'suture-button suspensionplasty']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['Arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity322 ( @entity322 ) is a socially devastating problem. The treatment algorithm depends on the aetiology of the problem. Large anal sphincter defects can be treated by sphincter replacement procedures: the dynamic graciloplasty and the @entity1690 ( @entity1690 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 were included between 1997 and 2006. A full preoperative workup was mandatory for all @entity1 . During the follow-up, the Williams @entity322 score was used to classify the symptoms, and anal manometry was performed. RESULTS: Thirty-four @entity1 (25 @entity1 ) were included, of which, 33 @entity1 received an @entity1690 . The mean follow-up was 17.4 (0.8-106.3) months. The Williams score improved significantly after placement of the @entity1690 (p<0.0001). The postoperative anal resting pressure with an empty cuff was not altered (p=0.89). The postoperative @entity1690 pressure was significantly higher then the baseline squeeze pressure (p=0.003). Seven @entity1 had an @entity281 necessitating explantation. One @entity1 was successfully reimplanted. CONCLUSION: The @entity1690 is an effective treatment for @entity322 in @entity1 with a large anal sphincter defect. Infectious complications are the largest threat necessitating explantation of the device.

title: The @entity1690 for XXXX : a single centre study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['artificial bowel sphincter', 'ABS']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['FI', 'incontinence', 'Faecal incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['faecal incontinence']


abstract: Laboratory rodents are commonly euthanized by exposure to gradually increasing concentrations of @entity544 ( @entity515 ). Current recommended flow rates range between 10 and 30% chamber vol/min and result in insensibility before exposure to painful concentrations (<40%). However, this method causes @entity1353 , indicated by deep, rapid breathing. In @entity1 @entity1353 is associated with a negative affective experience. Sensations of @entity1353 may explain why rodents find @entity515 concentrations >3% aversive. This study aimed to assess the effect of @entity515 flow rates on time between the onset of @entity1353 and various measures of insensibility (recumbency, loss of the righting reflex and loss of the pedal withdrawal reflex) to identify flow rates that minimize the potential experience of @entity1353 . The results of this study indicate that a flow rate of 50% chamber vol/min, while holding the @entity515 cage concentration just below 40%, minimizes the interval between the onset of @entity1353 and recumbency. Using a 50% flow rate this interval averaged (   SE) 30.3    2.9 s versus 49.7    2.9 s at 20% chamber vol/min (F3,22 = 7.83, P = 0.0013). Similarly, the interval between the onset of @entity1353 and loss of the righting reflex averaged 38.2    2.4 s at a flow rate of 50% versus 59.2    2.4 s at 20% chamber vol/min of @entity515 (F3,22 = 13.62, P < 0.0001). We conclude that higher flow rates reduce the duration of @entity1353 , but even at the highest flow rate @entity19 experience more than 30 s between the onset of @entity1353 and the most conservative estimate of insensibility.

title: The effect of @entity544 flow rate on the euthanasia of laboratory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['labored breathing', 'dyspnea']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: Thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) @entity625 contributes considerably to functional disability in the aging adult United States (US) population. Owing to the increasing growth in this segment of our population, its burden on health care resources will increase in the future. Variations exist in the degree of complexity and cost among different surgical treatments. We examined the national trends of the surgical treatment of thumb CMC @entity625 and hypothesized that current practice patterns are not supported by evidence favoring the simpler trapeziectomy-only procedure. METHODS: Using a random 5%, nationally representative, sample of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries diagnosed with thumb CMC @entity625 between 2001 and 2010, we used a multinomial logistic regression model to assess the association between @entity1 ' characteristics and the surgical treatment. Furthermore, we used surgeons' unique identifiers to examine how their practice preferences have changed over time. RESULTS: Our findings demonstrated an increasing trend in the utilization of trapeziectomy with @entity924 ( @entity924 ) from 84% in 2001 to 90% in 2010. Ninety-five percent of surgeons performed only 1 type of surgical procedure, and among those, 93% of surgeons performed only trapeziectomy with @entity924 . Compared with 2001, the odds of a @entity1 undergoing thumb CMC arthrodesis or prosthetic arthroplasty slightly increased between 2007 and  2010. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of hand surgeons in the US use trapeziectomy with @entity924 as the surgical treatment of choice for thumb CMC @entity625 . Although clinical trials from the United Kingdom support the use of the less complex trapeziectomy-only procedure, US surgeons are still reticent to change their practice, which favors @entity924 . National comparative studies are still needed to examine the effectiveness of various surgical options for the treatment of thumb CMC joint @entity625 . TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic II.

title: Evidence-Based Practice in the Surgical Treatment of Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition', 'LRTI']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['Arthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Searching for prospective vanadium-based drugs for the treatment of @entity1526 , a new series of heteroleptic [V(IV)O(L-2H)( @entity10575 )] compounds was developed by including the lipophilic 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (tmp) @entity10575 ligand and seven tridentate salicylaldehyde semicarbazone derivatives (L1-L7). The compounds were characterized in the solid state and in solution. EPR spectroscopy suggests that the @entity10575 ligand is bidentate bound through both nitrogen donor atoms in an axial-equatorial mode. The EPR and (51)V-NMR spectra of aerated solutions at room temperature indicate that the compounds are stable to hydrolysis and that no significant oxidation of V(IV) to V(V) takes place at least in 24h. The complexes are more active in vitro against @entity1527 , the parasite responsible for @entity1526 , than the reference drug Nifurtimox and most of them are more active than previously reported [V(IV)O(L-2H)( @entity10575 )] complexes of other @entity10575 co-ligands. Selectivity towards the parasite was analyzed using @entity19 @entity19 macrophages as @entity1 cell model. Due to both, high activity and high selectivity, L2, L4, L5 and L7 complexes could be considered new hits for further drug development. Lipophilicity probably plays a relevant role in the bioactivity of the new compounds. The [V(IV)O(L-2H)( @entity10575 )] compounds were designed aiming DNA as potential molecular target. Therefore, the novel L1-L7 tmp complexes were screened by computational modeling, comparing their DNA-binding features with those of previously reported [V(IV)O(L-2H)( @entity10575 )] compounds with different @entity10575 co-ligands. Whereas all the complexes interact well with DNA, with binding modes and strength tuned in different extents by the @entity10575 and semicarbazone co-ligands, molecular docking suggests that the observed anti-T. cruzi activity cannot be explained upon DNA intercalation as the sole mechanism of action.

title: Expanding the family of heteroleptic oxidovanadium(IV) compounds with salicylaldehyde semicarbazones and polypyridyl ligands showing anti- XXXX cruzi activity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ['Chagas disease']

answer: @entity1527 :: (5693,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic status is associated with @entity65 . AIM: To evaluate the effect of educational level, on the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity583 in Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cohort study of 3,636 @entity1 aged 63.1    13.2 years, 27% @entity1 , hospitalized in 16 centers participating in the Chilean @entity583 Registry (GEMI) between 2009 and 2012. Vital status was obtained from the National Mortality Database. @entity1 were divided, according to educational level, in four groups, namely none (no formal education), basic (< 8 years), secondary (8-12 years) and tertiary (> 12 years). Crude and adjusted (age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors and treatments) hazard ratios (HR) were estimated using Cox regression models. RESULTS: The distribution by educational level was 3.2% none, 31.8% basic, 43.0% secondary and 22.0% tertiary. During a median follow-up period of 22 months (interquartile range 11-37 years), 631 @entity1 died (17.3%), of whom 198 died during hospitalization (5.5%). The 30 day case-fatality rate according to educational level was 3.4% in tertiary, 4.7% in secondary, 11.9% in basic, 19.1% in none (p < 0.0001). Among @entity1 surviving the first 30 days, the case-fatality rate was 4.4%, 8.6%, 14.6% and 27.0%, respectively (p < 0.0001). The increased risk of @entity204 for groups with lower education compared with individuals with tertiary education, persisted in the multivariate analysis with a hazard ratio for secondary education 1.58 (95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.18-2.10); for basic education 1.90 (95% CI, 1.41-2.47) and for none 3.50 (95% CI, 2.35-5.21). CONCLUSIONS: A lower educational level was associated with a worse prognosis in @entity1 with @entity583 , even after controlling for potential confounding factors.

title: [Effect of educational level on the prognosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine whether MRI features predict radiographic progression including erosive evolution in @entity1 from the @entity571 ( @entity571 ) cohort, which is the first longitudinal hand @entity571 study with available MRI. METHODS: We included 74 @entity1 (91% female, mean (SD) age of 67.9 (5.3) years) with MRI of the dominant hand and conventional radiographs taken at baseline and 5-year follow-up. Baseline MRIs were read according to the Oslo hand @entity571 MRI score. We used three definitions of radiographic progression: Progression of joint space narrowing ( @entity2474 , grades 0-3), increased Kellgren-Lawrence score (grades 0-4) or incident @entity2681 (absent/present). For each definition, we examined whether MRI features predicted radiographic progression in the same joint using Generalised Estimating Equations. We adjusted for age, sex, Body Mass Index, follow-up time and other @entity2720 (the latter for analyses on incident @entity2681 only). RESULTS: MRI-defined moderate/severe @entity603 (OR=3.52, 95% CI 1.29 to 9.59), @entity236 ( @entity236 ) (OR=2.73, 95% CI 1.29 to 5.78) and @entity2474 (severe @entity2474 , 95% CI 3.22 to 37.90) at baseline predicted progression of radiographic @entity2474 . Similar results were found for increasing Kellgren-Lawrence score, except for weaker association for @entity2474 . Baseline @entity603 , BMLs, @entity2474 , @entity79 , osteophytes and @entity893 were significantly associated with development of radiographic @entity2681 , of which @entity893 showed the strongest association (OR=10.18, 95% CI 2.01 to 51.64). CONCLUSIONS: BMLs, @entity603 and @entity2474 were the strongest predictors for radiographic progression. Malalignment was associated with incident @entity2681 only. Future studies should explore whether reducing BMLs and inflammation can decrease the risk of structural progression.

title: MRI findings predict radiographic progression and development of @entity2681 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Oslo hand osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone damage']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['erosive joints']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow lesions', 'BML']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['malalignment']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['hand osteoarthritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Frequency and severity of the blunt @entity764 are increasing. Rather high letality is caused by the injury and following systemic @entity32 response. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to verify the efficacy of pharmacological blockade of the @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ) in serious blunt @entity764 . The aim is also to find out if the administration of @entity3352 as a cyclooxygenase inhibitor could prevent @entity409 ( @entity409 ) and @entity177 ( @entity177 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity1 were divided into 4 groups according to @entity130 severity (Injury Severity Score). The group I. contains @entity1 with ISS up to 17. There is no premise of the @entity1850 development. In the group II. there were @entity1 with ISS 18-30, which means polytrauma group due to new definition. In the group III. there were @entity1 with ISS 31-40 (severe @entity130 ). Group IV. contains critically injured @entity1 (ISS 41 and higher). Some @entity1 involved in our study were given @entity3352 (as cyclooxygenase inhibitor in @entity1426 cycle) together with standard therapy. RESULTS: 65 @entity1 were included into study in last 14 months, 22 @entity1 were given @entity3352 . The group with @entity3352 administration has later increase of @entity32 markers in groups III. and IV. This increase also takes less time in groups II. and III. Shorter time of mechanical ventilation support in group III. in @entity1 with @entity3352 was significant. @entity1850 is present in time of admission approximately in 44%. All @entity1 have low antioxidants level. 5 @entity1 died in our group, letality was 7.7%. All the died @entity1 came from the subgroup without @entity3352 , however only one death caused by @entity177 . CONCLUSION: From the results of the first 14 months of the study we can conclude that certain number of @entity1 with serious blunt thoracic @entity130 could benefit from @entity3352 administration.

title: [Pharmacologic prevention of @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ) in severe XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan dysfunction', 'MODS']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure', 'MOF']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest injuries']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['thoracic injuries']


abstract: During different stages in the development of the avian @entity267 , various collagen types have been shown to participate in matrix formation and have been implicated in morphogenesis. One of these is the fibril-associated collagen type IX. This molecule is present when the primary @entity2687 is in a compact state, but rapidly disappears just prior to stromal swelling and its invasion by mesenchymal cells. The temporospatial pattern of the disappearance of type IX collagen in the developing @entity267 suggests that this molecule may be involved in stabilizing the primary corneal stromal matrix by interacting either with other type IX collagen molecules or with other matrix components. To explore further whether the removal of type IX collagen is involved in stromal swelling, we have employed an in vitro culture system in which swelling of the primary stroma and mesenchymal cell invasion can be experimentally manipulated by culturing @entity1573 corneal explants on a Nuclepore filter support in the presence or absence of an associated lens. We have also examined the effect of exogenously added @entity1 recombinant tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases ( @entity2843 ) on the presence of type IX collagen and cellular invasion. When stage 25-26+ corneal explants were cultured with an associated lens, the primary stroma did not swell; immunohistochemically detectable type IX collagen was still present, and mesenchymal cell invasion failed to occur. Conversely, when the same stages of corneal explants were cultured without an associated lens, the primary stroma swelled; type IX collagen disappeared, and mesenchymal cell migration occurred. Under both conditions, however, the type II collagen of the stroma, which is known to be a component of the striated fibrils, remained clearly detectable and with time even seemed to increase in amount. This result is consistent with the proposition that type IX collagen is one factor involved in maintaining the primary stroma as a compact matrix, possibly by functioning as a bridging/stabilizing factor. When @entity2843 was added to cultures of corneal explants, type IX collagen remained detectable in focal regions, suggesting that one or more metalloproteinases are involved in the removal of the type IX collagen. In addition, some of these type IX-containing regions contained mesenchymal cells, suggesting that in addition to type IX collagen other factors are likely to be involved in regulating mesenchymal cell migration.

title: Cellular invasion and collagen type IX in the primary XXXX in vitro.

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal stroma']

answer: @entity2687 :: (MESH:D003316,Disease) :: ['corneal stroma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gleevec (aka @entity2213 , @entity2213 ) is a recently FDA approved anti- @entity5 drug for @entity1860 . Gleevec binds specifically to BCR-ABL @entity669 kinase and inhibit the @entity669 kinase activity. It cross-reacts with another two important membrane @entity669 kinase receptors, @entity2467 . We sought to investigate if Gleevec has a potential role in treatment of @entity1149 . RESULTS: We have shown that Gleevec alone can inhibit the A549 @entity2 cell growth in dose-dependent manner, and the optimal concentration of Gleevec inhibition of A549 cell growth is at the range of 2-3 microM (IC50). We have also shown that A549 cells are resistant to @entity900 treatment (IC50 64 microM). Addition of Gleevec to the A549 cells treated with @entity900 resulted in a synergistic cell killing effect, suggesting that Gleevec can potentiate the effect of @entity900 on A549 cells. We also showed that the A549 @entity2 cells expresses the @entity675 , and the inhibitory effects of Gleevec on A549 cells is likely mediated through inhibition of @entity675 phosphorylation. We further tested 33 @entity2 @entity1 ' @entity5 specimens to see the frequency of @entity675 expression by tissue micro-arrays and immunohistochemistry. We found that 16 of the 18 @entity957 (89%), 11 of the 11 @entity420 (100%), and 4 of the 4 @entity151 (100%) expressed @entity675 . CONCLUSION: These results suggest a potential role of Gleevec as adjuvant therapeutic agent for treatment of @entity1149 .

title: Gleevec ( @entity2213 ) inhibits @entity2 cell growth (A549) and potentiates the XXXX effect in vitro.

entities_list: @entity675 :: ('5156', 'Gene') :: ['PDGFR alpha', 'PDGFR-alpha', 'platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2467 :: ('3815', 'Gene') :: ['c-kit and PDGF receptors']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6409 is a rare @entity74 characterized by diffuse, transgradient @entity709 , @entity2521 in childhood, @entity393 of @entity14478 , and frequent @entity281 . @entity10577 is an uncommon presentation of the disease present in this case. CASE PRESENTATION: A 16-year-old Punjabi, Pakistani @entity1 presented to the outpatient department of a tertiary-care hospital of Lahore with high-grade fever of 2  months duration. He had been treated for a pyogenic liver abscess 2  years back with antibiotics followed by incision and drainage. He had poor orodental hygiene, @entity709 and @entity2521 . His parents had history of consanguinity. His brother and two cousins had similar @entity272 and were edentulous. An orthopentogram showed @entity604 . He was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, and antipyretics for @entity281 . Multivitamins, topical @entity230 , topical keratolytics and emollients were used for his dermatological issues. CONCLUSIONS: Our @entity1 was successfully treated. His fever settled and his @entity272 improved with antibiotics, topical @entity230 and keratolytics. He was sent home and was asked to return for follow-up on a monthly basis.

title: Papillon-L  fevre syndrome with @entity709 and XXXX , a rare cause of pyrexia of unknown origin: a case report.

entities_list: @entity14478 :: ('MESH:C565114', 'Disease') :: ['primary teeth']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy of the alveolar bone']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infection', 'cutaneous and systemic pyogenic infections']

entities_list: @entity709 :: ('MESH:D007645', 'Disease') :: ['palmoplantar keratoderma']

entities_list: @entity10577 :: ('MESH:D046290', 'Disease') :: ['Pyogenic liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disorder']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['destructive periodontitis beginning', 'periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['premature loss']

entities_list: @entity6409 :: ('MESH:D010214', 'Disease') :: ['Papillon-Lef  vre Syndrome']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to develop stable and easily injectable lipid depot preparations of local anesthetics in which the drug concentration can be varied according to desired duration of action. METHODS: The formulations contained a 2.0, 5.0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, or 100% eutectic mixture of @entity3303 and @entity5403 base in medium-chain @entity412 . @entity1930 and local @entity2359 was investigated in @entity35 with 2.0% @entity3303 : @entity5403 @entity5828 solution and 99.5% @entity1068 as controls. The rate of release of local anesthetic from the site of administration and the possibility to predict in vivo depot characteristics from in vitro release data were investigated for the 20 and 60% formulations. RESULTS: The duration of sensory sciatic block was prolonged 3 times with the 20% formulation and approximately 180 times with the 60% formulation, in comparison with the 2% aqueous solution. With the 80 and 100% formulations, all animals still showed @entity616 after 2 weeks. The in vivo release of local anesthetic could be approximately predicted from in vitro data for the 20% but not for the 60% formulation. The formulations of 60% or greater and @entity1068 showed @entity2359 effects. CONCLUSIONS: The pharmaceutical properties of these formulations compare favorably with those of other depot preparations. The high-percentage ones showed the longest duration of action yet reported for sciatic @entity616 in @entity35 . The possibility of using a high-concentration local anesthetic depot formulation as an alternative to @entity1068 or @entity3971 for long-term nerve blocks in chronic @entity158 merits further investigation.

title: Ultralong peripheral @entity616 by @entity3303 : XXXX 1:1 mixture in a lipid depot formulation: comparison of in vitro, in vivo, and effect kinetics.

entities_list: @entity5403 :: ('MESH:D011318', 'Chemical') :: ['prilocaine']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['nerve block']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1930 :: ('MESH:D020426', 'Disease') :: ['Duration of sciatic nerve block']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity', 'neurotoxic']

answer: @entity5403 :: (MESH:D011318,Chemical) :: ['prilocaine']


abstract: CONTEXT: Appropriate risk stratification is @entity6677 (GDM) diagnosis to optimize therapeutic strategies during pregnancy. However, there are sparse data related to the newly recommended International Association of @entity6 Study Groups criteria and their use in early pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to evaluate clinical and pathophysiological characteristics less up to gestational week (GW) 21 in @entity1 with early and late GDM onset. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a prospective study conducted at the Medical University of Vienna. @entity1 AND INTERVENTIONS: Pregnant @entity1 (n = 211) underwent an oral @entity413 tolerance test at 16 GW (interquartile range, 14-18 wk) with multiple measurements of @entity413 , insulin, and C-peptide for evaluation of insulin sensitivity and   -cell function in addition to detailed obstetrical risk assessment. Clinical followups were performed until end of pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: We performed a metabolic characterization of early-onset GDM. RESULTS: Of 81 @entity1 , 49 (23%) showed early (GDMEarly  <= 21 GW) and 32 (15%) later manifestation (GDMLate >=  24 GW) whereas 130 (62%) remained normal- @entity413 -tolerant (NGT). In contrast with GDMLate, GDMEarly were affected by @entity1720 (GDMEarly vs NGT, P < .001; GDMEarlyvs GDMLate, P < .001; GDMLate vs NGT, P = .410). However, both early and late manifested subjects @entity73 in   -cell function. GDMEarly showed highest levels of preconceptional and actual body mass index (BMI), which was related to fasting @entity413 (r = 0.42, P < .001) and particularly insulin sensitivity (r = -0.51, P < .001). Differences in @entity413 disposal between the subgroups remained constant in multivariable analysis including the strongest risk factors for GDM, ie, age, history of GDM, and BMI in our population. CONCLUSIONS: Early manifestation of GDM is affected by insulin resistance that is partly explained by higher degree in @entity28 . However,   -cell dysfunction was also detectable in GDMLate, indicating defective compensatory mechanisms emerging already in early pregnancy.

title: Pathophysiological characteristics and effects of XXXX in @entity1 with early and late manifestation of gestational @entity6 diagnosed by the international association of @entity6 and pregnancy study groups criteria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['essential in gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes and Pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['showed impairments']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['decreased insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: What @entity1 think about the nature of a study might affect their behaviour and bias findings. We tested two hypotheses: (1) @entity1 told they were in an intervention trial would report lower @entity285 consumption at follow-up than those told they were in a cohort study; (2) @entity1 told they were in the intervention group in a trial would have lower @entity285 consumption at follow-up than those told they were in the control group. METHODS: Students from four universities (N   =   72,903) were invited to participate in a 'research project on student drinking'. Of 10,415 respondents, 6,788 were moderate to heavy drinkers and were randomized. Group A ('cohort') were informed their drinking would be assessed at baseline and again in one month. Group B ('control') were told the study was an intervention trial and they were in the control group. Group C ('intervention') were told the study was an intervention trial and they were to receive the intervention. All were assessed and directed to read identical online @entity285 education material. Whether and how long they accessed the material were recorded. One month later, @entity285 intake was reassessed. RESULTS: In relation to hypothesis 1, there were no differences between the groups on the prespecified outcome measures. In relation to hypothesis 2, there were no differences though all point estimates were in the hypothesized direction (that is, 'intervention'   <   'control'). The 'cohort' and 'control' groups accessed the material to a similar extent (59% versus 57%) while the 'intervention' group were more likely to access it (78%) and to read it for longer (median 35 s (25th and 75th percentiles: 6, 97) versus medians of 7 s (0, 28) and 8 s (4, 42) for the 'cohort' and 'control' groups, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Although the context given to the research @entity1 significantly influenced access to the online information and reading time, this did not translate into any effect on drinking behaviour, for either hypothesis. This might be because of failure in the experimental paradigm or the possibility of weaker effects using the online approach. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12610000846022.

title: Effects of study design and allocation on self-reported XXXX consumption: randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: Advanced age alone appears to be a risk factor for increased susceptibility to @entity943 . We previously observed in the aged @entity35 heart that sinus rhythm ventricular activation is delayed and characterized by abnormal epicardial patterns although conduction velocity is normal. While these findings relate to an advanced stage of aging, it is not yet known when and how ventricular electrical impairment originates and which is the underlying substrate. To address these points, we performed continuous telemetry ECG recordings in freely moving @entity35 over a six-month period to monitor ECG waveform changes, heart rate variability and the incidence of @entity943 . At the end of the study, we performed in-vivo multiple lead epicardial recordings and histopathology of cardiac tissue. We found that the duration of ECG waves and intervals gradually increased and heart rate variability gradually decreased with age. Moreover, the incidence of @entity943 gradually increased, with @entity943 exceeding @entity943 . Epicardial multiple lead recordings confirmed abnormalities in ventricular activation patterns, likely attributable to distal conducting system dysfunctions. Microscopic analysis of aged heart specimens revealed multifocal connective tissue deposition and perinuclear myocytolysis in the atria. Our results demonstrate that aging gradually modifies the terminal part of the specialized cardiac conducting system, creating a substrate for increased arrhythmogenesis. These findings may open new therapeutic options in the management of @entity943 in the elderly population.

title: The effect of aging on the specialized conducting system: a telemetry ECG study in XXXX over a 6 month period.

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias', 'ventricular arrhythmias', 'cardiac arrhythmias']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mutation in @entity984 exon 2 is a validated biomarker of resistance to anti- @entity470 ( @entity470 ) therapy in metastatic @entity14 (mCRC). Several reports have confirmed associations of other RAS mutations with resistance to anti- @entity470 therapy. However, the impact of @entity817 and @entity10160 mutations on the efficacy of anti- @entity470 therapy remains controversial. Little is known about the frequencies and clinicopathological features of these mutations, as well as the therapeutic effects of anti- @entity470 therapy in mCRC @entity1 with these mutations, especially in the Asian population. METHODS: In this retrospective observational study, frequencies and clinicopathological features of @entity984 , @entity8497 , @entity817 and @entity10160 mutations were evaluated in @entity1 with mCRC. Among @entity1 treated with anti- @entity470 therapy, objective response, progression-free survival (PFS), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were evaluated according to gene status. RESULTS: Among 264 @entity1 , mutations in @entity984 exon 2, @entity984 exons 3 or 4, @entity8497 , @entity817 and @entity10160 were detected in 34.1%, 3.8%, 4.2%, 5.4% and 6.4%, respectively. Thus, a total of 12.1% of @entity1 without @entity984 exon 2 mutations had other RAS mutations. Primary @entity5 tended to be more frequently observed in RAS mutant @entity5 . @entity817 mutations were more frequently observed with right-sided colon, poorly differentiated or @entity3079 , and peritoneal @entity3 . Among the 66 @entity1 with @entity984 exon 2 wild-type @entity5 treated with anti- @entity470 agents, PFS (5.8 vs. 2.2  months) and @entity1349 (17.7 vs. 5.2  months) were significantly better in @entity1 with all wild-type @entity5 (n   =   56) than in those with any of the mutations (n   =   10). The response rate also tended to be better with all wild-type @entity5 (26.8 vs. 0%). CONCLUSION: Other RAS and @entity817 mutations were observed in @entity984 exon 2 wild-type @entity5 , which were associated with some clinicopathological features and resistance to anti- @entity470 therapy in our @entity1 cohort.

title: A retrospective observational study of clinicopathological features of @entity984 , @entity8497 , XXXX and @entity10160 mutations in Japanese @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity817 :: (673,Gene) :: ['BRAF']


abstract: We examined the relationship between errors in @entity4383 ( @entity4383 ) for reaching to external targets and visual and kinesthetic spatial perception of those targets by @entity1 with damage to the posterior parietal lobule (PPL) and adjacent areas. A total of 12 @entity1 had focal @entity75 , 7 had with @entity75 outside the PPL, and 10 had no @entity75 . @entity75 were due to @entity64 (12) or surgical resection (7). @entity1 made visually and kinesthetically guided pointing movements to 16 targets with the ipsilesional hand (to minimize effects of @entity51 ). @entity1319 were unrestricted. When full vision was allowed, all @entity1 pointed accurately to visually specified targets. However, @entity1 with @entity75 made larger vertical plane errors than did neurologically intact control @entity1 in visual and kinesthetic perceptual tasks and in @entity4383 tasks (in which @entity1 reached without vision to targets that had been visually presented). However, across all 29 @entity1 , the size and direction of @entity4383 errors showed low correlation with visual and kinesthetic perceptual errors. Moreover, @entity1 with @entity75 who made large visual and/or kinesthetic perceptual errors to individual targets also showed weak correlations with @entity4383 errors to those targets. The results are compatible with theories that different neural pathways support perception and action for both the visual and the kinesthetic systems.

title: Spatial perception errors do not predict pointing errors by individuals with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Brain lesions', 'PPL lesions', 'brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['sensorimotor transformations', 'SMT']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['Head and eye movements']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain lesions']


abstract: Joint replacements should be firmly anchored in vital bone to avoid early implant subsidence and late @entity1349 . We investigated whether the fixation of orthopedic implants could be improved by adding an osteoinductive extract of lyophilized @entity1641 bone matrix proteins (Colloss E, Ossacur AG, Germany), between the implant and the surrounding bone. Eighteen uncemented HA-coated implants were inserted pairwise in the proximal tibia of nine @entity235 . All implants were surrounded by a 2 mm concentric defect. In each @entity235 , the intervention implant was added 20 mg protein lyophilisate. The contralateral control implant was inserted untreated. After four weeks, the treated HA-coated implants had better mechanical fixation than the untreated control implants. The treated implants were better osseointegrated, there was more newly formed bone around these implants, and fibrous tissue was eliminated. The mechanical implant fixation had a strong positive correlation to new bone formation on and around the implant, and a strong negative correlation to fibrous tissue encapsulation. The results suggest that bone protein extracts such as the Colloss E device may augment early implant fixation of even HA-coated Ti implants and thereby reduce the risk of long-term failure. This may be particularly useful in revision arthroplasty with @entity604 .

title: The effect of adding an XXXX bone matrix protein lyophilisate on fixation and osseointegration of HA-coated Ti implants.

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We assessed the relationship between core temperature (Tc) and sleep rhythms in @entity19 , and examined the effects of ambient temperature and fasting. Tc, electroencephalograms (EEG), electromyograms (EMG), and spontaneous activity in male ICR @entity19 (n=9) were measured by telemetry for 3days under a 12:12h dark-light cycle. @entity19 were fed or fasted at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 27  C or 20  C for the final 30h of the experiment. The vigilance state was categorized into a wake state, rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep, and non-REM (NREM) sleep, and the @entity25 ( @entity25 ) was assessed. Relationships between Tc and @entity25 , NREM periods, and REM sleep were estimated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. During cold exposure, Tc decreased during the dark and light phases, and @entity25 and the periods of NREM and REM sleep decreased during the dark phase. Throughout the fasting period, Tc also decreased during the dark and light phases. Furthermore, the decrease in Tc was augmented when fasting and cold were combined. @entity25 and NREM sleep periods decreased in the light and dark phases, respectively, whereas REM sleep periods decreased in both phases. Negative linear correlations (r=-0.884 to -0.987) were observed between Tc and @entity25 , NREM sleep periods, and REM sleep periods, except for Tc and REM sleep periods where fasting and cold conditions were combined. The correlations between sleep and Tc rhythms were well maintained during cold exposure and fasting. However, when cold and fasting were combined, REM sleep and Tc rhythms were desynchronized.

title: Cold exposure and/or fasting modulate the relationship between sleep and body temperature rhythms in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['TST', 'total sleep time']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the feasibility of detecting @entity5 in the primary healthcare setting, and to investigate whether there is a higher incidence of @entity263 in Black African @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The study was a collaboration with registrars in the authors' institutions and primary healthcare centres serving mainly a Black African or mixed ancestry (Coloured) population in the semi-urban Cape Town metropolitan area of South Africa. @entity1 aged 50-70 years attending the clinics were counselled about @entity263 and invited to have a digital rectal examination (DRE), serum @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ) assay and transrectal ultrasonography-guided sextant prostate biopsy if the DRE was clinically suspicious of @entity5 or the serum @entity1486 was > or = 4.0 ng/mL. An American Urological Association Symptom Index (AUA-SI) was obtained, and urine analysed using dipsticks. RESULTS: From May 2000 to November 2001, 660 @entity1 were assessed (mean age 59.4 years, range 30-82); 60.6% were Black African, 37.3% mixed (Coloured), 1.8% White (Caucasian) and 0.2% Asian (Indian). The mean (range) AUA-SI was 5.98 (0-35) in the whole group; the DRE was recorded as clinically suspicious of @entity5 in 3.2%. The mean @entity1486 was 20.39 (0.04-10 000) ng/mL in the whole group, but when two outliers (1865 and 10 000 ng/mL) were disregarded, it was 2.4 ng/mL. In Black @entity1 the mean @entity1486 was 31.8 (0.04-10 000) ng/mL, and without the outliers, 2.1 ng/mL; in Coloured @entity1 it was 2.94 (0.05-50) ng/mL. The @entity1486 was > or = 4.0 ng/mL in 9.6% of the whole group, in 7.8% of Black and in 13% of Coloured @entity1 . Prostate biopsies were taken in 21 @entity1 (3.2% of the whole group and a third of those with a @entity1486 of > or = 4.0 ng/mL); in Black @entity1 , biopsies were taken in 1.5% and 19.4%, respectively, and in Coloured @entity1 in 6.1% and 46.9%, respectively. The prostate biopsy showed @entity5 in 43% of the whole group, in a third of Black and in 47% of Coloured @entity1 ; @entity263 was detected in 1.4%, 0.5% and 2.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: That prostate biopsies were obtained in only 19% of Black and in only 47% of Coloured @entity1 with a serum @entity1486 of > or = 4.0 ng/mL is of concern. This indicates that there is a significant problem in getting @entity1 with an elevated serum @entity1486 level to undergo a prostate biopsy in the primary healthcare setting in South Africa.

title: Problems with XXXX screening for @entity263 in the primary healthcare setting in South Africa.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage prostate cancer', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate specific antigen']


abstract: The spontaneous @entity551 syndrome is a rare event but with increasing tendency. The clinical characteristics are comparable to those occurring after dural puncture and the most important clinical finding is the @entity10 . The syndrome results from cerebrospinal fluid leakage but its etiology is still nearly unknown. The leaks are mainly located cervically or at the cervicothoracic junction. The syndrome may be associated with cranial subdural fluid build-up. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain typically reveals diffuse pachymeningeal enhancement, frequently in association with displacement of the brain. Knowledge of this can be helpful to facilitate the diagnosis. Although conservative measures are often initially undertaken, placement of an epidural blood patch is the treatment of choice. Because of its similarity to postdural puncture @entity10 , anaesthesiologists and @entity158 therapists are increasingly involved in diagnosis and therapy. We report 2 @entity1 with spontaneous @entity551 . In addition to the cardinal feature of a @entity10 , the @entity1 suffered from subdural fluid build-up demonstrated by cranial magnetic resonance imaging.

title: [Spontaneous XXXX . A rare syndrome with good treatment options].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['postural headache', 'headache']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypotension']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['intracranial hypotension']


abstract: @entity510 secondary to closed @entity542 is rarely associated with traumatic @entity439 . We report two cases of @entity5487 (VA-PICA) @entity2849 following closed @entity542 . In each case, there was no associated penetrating @entity174 . The first @entity1 was kicked followed by disturbed consciousness. The computerized tomography (CT) scan on admission and cerebral angiography on the 11th day after the trauma revealed a massive @entity510 ( @entity510 ) with pan-ventricular @entity548 and an @entity439 of the right PICA near its origin. Further @entity397 occurred on the 12th, 15th, and 66th day, and he died on the 69th day. The second @entity1 complained of persistent @entity10 and @entity390 following a fight on the previous day. A CT scan and angiography on the 1st day after the trauma showed posterior fossa @entity510 with fourth ventricular blood and a tiny protrusion of the left VA-PICA. On the 14th day, repeated angiography revealed a remarkable growth of the @entity439 , followed by the second @entity397 . The repair of the VA-PICA junction was urgently performed with successful exclusion of the @entity439 . To our knowledge, only eight cases of @entity439 located at the VA or the PICA near its origin have been reported. When intraventricular blood is found with massive subarachnoid blood or with posterior fossa @entity510 , this ominous complication should be considered. Traumatic VA-PICA @entity2849 are curable by refined microsurgical techniques, if diagnosed in time.

title: Unexpected delayed XXXX following closed @entity542 .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['injury or skull fracture']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage', 'SAH', 'Subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries', 'head injury']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic aneurysms', 'aneurysms of the posterior circulation', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured vertebral-posterior inferior cerebellar artery']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity5487 :: (MESH:D014854,Disease) :: ['rupture of the vertebral-posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some @entity1 exhibiting @entity4595 are no longer improved with antibiotic treatment and drainage and, most of the time, operation is contraindicated. In our institution, limited operation has been offered to select @entity1 for this indication. We report our data regarding the feasibility and utility of such a procedure. METHODS: We studied 16 @entity1 who underwent surgical removal of nonlocalized disease between 1990 and 1999. We report the mortality and morbidity rates of this surgical procedure and the clinical, bacteriological, and functional data for each @entity1 . RESULTS: There was no mortality and the morbidity was low (18%, all with favorable outcome). Symptoms such as hemoptysis, sputum production, or @entity1353 were also improved. The recurring infections decreased in frequency in 8 @entity1 and disappeared completely in 5 others. The bacteriological data assessment revealed disappearance of germs in 4 @entity1 and persistence of chronic colonization in others. Postoperative spirometric data were not worsened and postoperative computed tomographic scans did not show progression of lesions not removed. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that, in properly selected @entity1 , lasting symptomatic improvement can be achieved by resection. Limited operation may be indicated in nonlocalized bilateral bronchiectasis, provided that a target can be identified. This procedure is supported by physiopathologic arguments and is particularly relevant to @entity1 with bronchiectasis with cystic and functionless territories.

title: Limited operation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['severe multisegmental bilateral bronchiectasis']

answer: @entity4595 :: (MESH:D001987,Disease) :: ['severe multisegmental bilateral bronchiectasis']


abstract: Objective: Awareness of motor functioning is most likely a complex process that requires integration of sensory-motor feedback to constantly update the system on the functioning of the limb during motor behavior. Using lesion mapping procedures and behavioral measures, the current study aimed to evaluate neural correlates of @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) in the acute stage (first 48 hr) of right hemisphere @entity64 . Method: Thirty-five individuals with right hemisphere @entity64 who presented to an urban medical center within 24 hr of symptom onset were included in the study. All 35 individuals had @entity1158 , and 8 of these individuals exhibited @entity1054 . Results: Fisher's exact test statistical map of lesion-deficit association (range is between-log(p) 4 to 11) found maximal value of 10.9 located in pars orbitalis (Brodmann's Area 47; BA). In this selected location, 6 out of 8 @entity1 with @entity1054 had tissue abnormality, whereas none of the unaffected subjects had tissue abnormality in BA 47. Right BA 44/45 was also found to be lesioned more frequently in individuals with @entity1054 (75%) than without @entity1054 (11%). Conclusions: The current study findings provide preliminary support for unique involvement of the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), pars orbitalis (BA 47) in @entity1054 . The current data suggest that frontal operculum may play a key role in awareness of limb functioning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).

title: Anosognosia for XXXX : The Contributory Role of Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus.

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['AHP', 'anosognosia for hemiplegia']

answer: @entity1158 :: (MESH:D006429,Disease) :: ['Hemiplegia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor activation has been reported to play a role in cognitive function, although its detailed mechanisms and pathologic significance are not fully understood. We examined the possibility that direct @entity19728 stimulation by compound 21 (C21) could prevent @entity73 associated with hypoperfusion in the brain.We employed a bilateral common carotid @entity2791 (BCAS) model in @entity19 as a model of @entity1294 . The Morris water maze task was performed 6  weeks after BCAS operation. @entity6290 (0.1  mg/kg/day) or C21 (10   g/kg/day) was administered from 1  week before BCAS. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and inflammatory cytokine levels were also determined. @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 showed significant prolongation of escape latency after BCAS, and this @entity73 was attenuated by pretreatment with @entity6290 . @entity73 was more marked in @entity19728 knockout (AT2KO) @entity19 , and the preventive effect of @entity6290 on @entity73 was weaker in AT2KO @entity19 than in @entity164 @entity19 , suggesting that the improvement of @entity73 by @entity6290 may involve stimulation of the @entity19728 . The significant impairment of spatial learning after BCAS in @entity164 @entity19 was attenuated by C21 treatment. The decrease in CBF in the BCAS-treated group was blunted by C21 treatment, and the increase in @entity637 and @entity8929 mRNA expression after BCAS was attenuated by C21 treatment. These findings indicate that direct @entity19728 stimulation attenuates @entity1294 induced by  hypoperfusion at least in part through an increase in CBF, and a @entity32 .

title: Direct angiotensin II type 2 receptor stimulation by compound 21 prevents XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of inflammation']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive decline', 'Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia', 'ischemic vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity6290 :: ('MESH:C521273', 'Chemical') :: ['azilsartan', 'Azilsartan']

answer: @entity1294 :: (MESH:D015140,Disease) :: ['vascular dementia']


abstract: The authors describe an acute facial and @entity16 following gamma knife surgery (GKS) for @entity5513 ( @entity5513 ). This 39-year-old @entity1 presenting with @entity392 underwent GKS for a small right-sided intracanalicular @entity5513 , receiving a maximal dose of 26 Gy and a @entity5 margin dose of 13 Gy to the 50% isodose line. Thirty-six hours following treatment she presented with @entity390 , @entity391 , vertigo, diminished hearing, and a House-Brackmann @entity3541 . She was started on intravenous glucocorticosteroid agents, and over the course of 2 weeks her facial function returned to House-Brackmann Grade I. Unfortunately, her @entity393 persisted. A magnetic resonance (MR) image obtained at the time of @entity1613 demonstrated a significant decrease in @entity5 enhancement but no change in @entity5 size or peritumoral @entity4 . Subsequently, the @entity1 experienced severe @entity1649 , which persisted for a period of 3 weeks and then progressed to a House-Brackmann Grade V @entity3541 . During the next 3 months, the @entity1 was treated with @entity230 and in time her facial function and hearing returned to baseline levels. Results of MR imaging revealed transient enlargement (3 mm) of the @entity5 , which subsequently returned to its baseline size. This change corresponded to the @entity5 volume increase from 270 to 336 mm3. The @entity1 remains radiologically and neurologically stable at 10 months posttreatment. This is the first detailed report of acute facial and @entity2359 following GKS for @entity5513 that improved with time. In addition, MR imaging findings were indicative of early @entity2359 changes. A review of possible risk factors and explanations of causative mechanisms is provided.

title: Acute @entity16 following gamma knife surgery for XXXX : case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['VS', 'vestibular schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initial deterioration']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['Grade III facial palsy', 'facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['vestibulocochlear neurotoxicity', 'neurotoxic']

entities_list: @entity1649 :: ('MESH:D019569', 'Disease') :: ['hemifacial spasms']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannoma']