abstract: Radionuclide imaging for the detection and localization of @entity360 is a highly sensitive and well-established clinical tool. 99Tcm-labelled erythrocytes have permitted the recognition of intermittent @entity548 up to 24 h following injection. However, free @entity1497 is actively secreted by gastric mucosa and can result in confounding gut activity. The possibility that @entity1497 may elute from the radiolabelled erythrocytes was investigated in an in vitro model. Blood samples from five subjects undergoing gated cardiac studies were labelled by modified in vivo, modified in vitro and pure in vitro methods and then incubated in serum for 24 h. Automated cell counts and instant thin layer chromatography were used to measure the physical and radiochemical stability of the labelled erythrocytes. No detectable haemolysis occurred and no free @entity1497 was released from the cells. However, an unexpected hydrophilic 99Tcm species became detectable in the supernatant with a quantitative index which increased from an initial value of 0.016 +/- 0.004 to 0.079 +/- 0.012 at 24 h (P less than 0.00001). This index did not differ among the three labelling methods. A chromatographically similar material was identified in the urine of a @entity1 undergoing a @entity360 study. The possibility of gut and/or hepatobiliary secretion of this material needs further clarification before delayed positive studies can be relied upon to indicate @entity360 .

title: Elution characteristics of 99Tcm-labelled erythrocytes in relation to scintigraphic detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1497 :: ('MESH:D013670', 'Chemical') :: ['pertechnetate']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding', 'gastrointestinal bleed']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether elastic properties and apparent density of bone differ in different anatomical regions of the maxilla and mandible. Additional analyses assessed how elastic properties and apparent density were related. Four pairs of @entity5386 and mandibles were retrieved from fresh @entity1 cadavers. Bone samples from four anatomical regions (maxillary anterior, maxillary posterior, mandibular anterior, mandibular posterior) were obtained. Elastic modulus (EM) and @entity3358 ( @entity3358 ) were measured using the nano-indentation technique. Bone samples containing cortical and trabecular bone were used to measure composite apparent density (cAD) using Archimedes' principle. Statistical analyses used repeated measures ANOVA and Pearson correlations. Bone physical properties differed between regions of the maxilla and mandible. Generally, mandible had higher physical property measurements than maxilla. EM and @entity3358 were higher in posterior than in anterior regions; the reverse was true for cAD. Posterior maxillary cAD was significantly lower than that in the three other regions.

title: Elastic properties and apparent density of XXXX @entity5386 and mandible.

entities_list: @entity5386 :: ('MESH:D007575', 'Disease') :: ['edentulous maxilla']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Positive pleural lavage cytology (PLC) is considered as a precursor condition of @entity1143 ( @entity1143 ) or @entity3483 ( @entity1143 ), and one of the poor prognostic factors in surgically resected @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 . Although @entity1143 and @entity1143 are classified as M1a, PLC does not contribute to the @entity5 , node and @entity3 (TNM) classification of the Union Internationale Contre le @entity5 . This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic effect of positive PLC status in surgically resected @entity1149 @entity1 compared with @entity1143 and/or @entity1143 . We also aimed to consider the contribution of positive PLC status to the TNM classification. METHODS: We reviewed 1572 consecutive @entity1 with completely resected @entity1149 , and analysed the relationship between PLC status, other clinicopathological factors and prognosis. The survival rates of 45 @entity1 with @entity1143 and/or @entity1143 were also investigated. RESULTS: Positive preresection PLC (pre-PLC) status was observed in 56 @entity1 . Pre-PLC status was significantly associated with other clinicopathological factors. Positive pre-PLC @entity1 exhibited a worse 5-year overall survival (50.6%) compared with negative pre-PLC @entity1 (78.0%), but better survival than @entity1143 and/or @entity1143 @entity1 (21.0%). Prognosis of positive pre-PLC @entity1 was equal to that of @entity1803 , negative pre-PLC @entity1 ; survival equality was observed when @entity1 were stratified according to pN0, @entity3121 and @entity477 . CONCLUSIONS: Positive pre-PLC had the significant prognostic effect in surgically resected @entity1149 @entity1 . However, it is not a contraindication for surgical resection, unlike @entity1143 and/or @entity1143 . Our data suggest that positive pre-PLC should be classified as @entity1803 in next TNM classification.

title: Prognosis of @entity1149 XXXX with positive pleural lavage cytology.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'PD', 'pleural dissemination']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent to which perceived adverse food reactions were associated with IgE mediated @entity5419 , as defined by skin prick testing (SPT). DESIGN: A cohort epidemiological study. @entity1 underwent SPT to five common food allergens ( @entity291 's milk, peanut mix, egg @entity11320 and whole grain @entity3505 mix) and were asked whether they had ever suffered any food 'illness/trouble', and if so to list such food(s). A positive SPT was defined as wheal diameter of > or =3 mm. Cohen's kappa (kappa) was used to assess the agreement between SPT and self-reported reactions to food(s) which contained the allergen of interest. SETTING: Randomly selected adults who took part in the follow-up of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) in 1998. SUBJECTS: The subjects were 457 adults aged 26-50 y. RESULTS: Fifty-eight (13%) adults were sensitised to at least one food allergen whilst 99 adults (22%) reported illness to food(s) nearly always. However, only seven subjects who reported illness to a food also had a positive SPT to the same food. The prevalence of adverse food reactions associated with IgE mediated @entity566 in the adult general population would be less than 1.5% (7/457). The agreement between SPT and self-reported illness to food(s) was poor for @entity291 's milk (kappa=0) and @entity3505 (kappa=0), slight for shrimp (kappa=0.16) and egg white (kappa=0.09) and fair for peanut mix (kappa=0.37). CONCLUSIONS: There was little agreement between self-reported perceived illness to food(s) known to contain the food allergen of interest, and positive SPT, suggesting that most reactions are not due to IgE mediated @entity5419 .

title: Reported adverse food reactions overestimate true XXXX in the community.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

answer: @entity5419 :: (MESH:D005512,Disease) :: ['food allergy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent investigations have highlighted the controversial role of Wnt/b-catenin pathway activation in @entity1 @entity320 . @entity32394 has been proposed as a valid prognostic marker for invasive and metastatic @entity320 and lymph node @entity320 @entity3 in @entity1 @entity320 and is a promising therapeutic target. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of @entity32394 and b-catenin in @entity235 @entity5 , in order to understand their prognostic significance. METHODS: Twenty-one @entity5 (10 melanocytomas and 11 @entity320 ) were investigated by immunohistochemistry using specific anti- @entity32394 and anti-b-catenin antibodies. A semi-quantitative method was used to analyse the results; b-catenin immunolabelling in neoplastic cells was evaluated as cytoplasmic, membranous or nuclear. The number of @entity32394 -positive cells was counted within ~1000 neoplastic cells. Results were related to histopathological features, evaluated in @entity6175 - and eosin-stained slides, and to the clinical data obtained through a telephone survey with referring veterinarians. RESULTS: Despite a low level of expression in the majority of cases, b-catenin was found to be correlated strongly with malignant behaviour (P < 0.01). An overexpression of nuclear @entity32394 was statistically related to histological features of @entity5 , presence of @entity3 and death related to @entity320 spread (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The low nuclear b-catenin expression, mainly found in metastatic cases, would indicate that b-catenin activation may have only limited importance in the development or progression of @entity235 @entity320 . The correlation of nuclear @entity32394 expression with @entity5 would indicate that @entity32394 is possibly a useful prognostic marker and therapeutic target in @entity235 @entity320 @entity1 .

title: @entity235 XXXX : significance of b-catenin and @entity32394 immunohistochemical expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous melanocytic tumours', 'melanocytic tumours', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'cutaneous melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cutaneous melanocytic tumours']


abstract: Three (intact) Angus males and females that were half-sibs and born within 21 d of each other were selected for this study. Each animal was bled periodically from birth to slaughter (18 mo) to determine the qualitative composition of plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins during its growth and development. Major components observed were: 1) very low-density (VLDL), 2) low-density (LDL), and 3) high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Individual amounts of @entity1674 , @entity165 , and proteins for the VLDL were not different (P greater than .05) between sexes at any time during growth and development. At 1 yr of age and 15 mo of age, females had significantly larger (143.4 and 93.5 mg/dl) amounts of protein in the HDL than males (67.0 and 93.5 mg/dl), respectively. Within the male group, the LDL @entity412 concentration of @entity291 was significantly (P less than .05) higher (7.4 mg/dl) than at all other @entity548 times. Within the female group, @entity165 values for the VLDL were significantly (P less than .05) larger as @entity291 and weanlings (16.5 and 21.7 mg/dl respectively) than for other @entity548 periods. At all stages of growth and development, the HDL apoprotein profiles showed a distinct band with a weight of about 28,000 Da, which represented @entity44071 . During the suckling stage, pooling of LDL fractions provided two components on the @entity3323 gel (7.5 to 20%), @entity57221 and a low molecular weight band. At 12 and 15 mo, no low molecular weight band was present in the pooled LDL fraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profiles as influenced by sex and growth.

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity3323 :: ('MESH:D020106', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylamide']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Bovine']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the current state of knowledge on the effects of @entity353 (bariatric) surgical procedures in individuals with @entity164 2 @entity6 . RECENT FINDINGS: Observational and randomized studies provide robust data on the efficacy of bariatric surgery for @entity353 and improvement in @entity4854 . Follow-up information up to 20 years is now available. Surgery offers similar benefits in individuals with BMI 30-35, compared with those with higher BMI. There is a better understanding of the role of gut hormones and nonhormonal factors on @entity353 and @entity413 metabolism. Preoperative factors that predict favorable surgical outcomes have been identified. SUMMARY: Of commonly performed procedures, adjustable gastric banding has the lowest efficacy for @entity353 and @entity6 and a higher complication rate. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy are comparable in terms of efficacy and complications. Remission rates for @entity6 range between 40 and 80%; randomized trials show slightly lower remission rates compared with observational studies. At 20 years, approximately 50% of remitters have relapse of @entity6 . Complex gut hormonal changes, caloric restriction, and other intestinal factors form the basis for metabolic effects of surgery. Better preoperative b-cell function is the strongest predictor for remission. Long-term follow-up data is still sparse.

title: An update on the role of bariatric surgery in XXXX management.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes remission']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the role of Anopheles anthropophagus in @entity311 transmission and transmission threshold so as to provide basis for vector surveillance and @entity311 control strategy. METHODS: Parasitological and entomological methods were used in the investigation at 5 villages of Xinyang City, Henan Province. RESULTS: From July to August, 1999, 74 febrile cases (10.9% of the total population) were examined. Among them 50 were infected, the incidence in the population of surveyed spots was 7.4%. Active detection was made in another randomly selected two villages and found that the parasite rate in the inhabitants was 2.0%, and the positive rate of IFA was 8.4%. Only vivax @entity311 was detected. An. anthropophagus and An. sinensis were collected, with An. anthropophagus as the predominant one in @entity1 dwellings. The estimated @entity1 -biting rate and the @entity1 blood index were 4.9388 and 0.7858 respectively. The vectorial capacity of An. anthropophagus was 5.5296. The critical @entity1 -biting rate of An. anthropophagus was 0.2407 as calculated by the formula (ma = -rlnP/abPh) according to Macdonald's model. The local @entity1 -biting rate was 20 times higher than that of the critical @entity1 -biting rate. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that An. anthropophagus is the principal vector in @entity311 transmission in the area. The findings imply that the critical @entity1 -biting rate is of practicable importance in vector surveillance.

title: [The role of Anopheles anthropophagus in XXXX transmission in in Xinyang City of Henan Province].

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: PURPOSE: The expression of cellular adhesion molecules in 31 penetrating keratoplasty specimens from a broad range of corneal inflammatory diseases was studied using monoclonal antibodies and an immunoperoxidase technique. METHODS: Corneas were divided into noninflamed, mild to moderately inflamed, and severely inflamed groups based on histologic findings. The panel of adhesion molecules studied included HLA-ABC, HLA-DR, CD3, @entity1454 , @entity1454 , @entity2071 , @entity2279 , @entity4725 , and E-selectin-1. RESULTS: The adhesion molecules @entity2071 , HLA-DR, @entity2279 , CD3, @entity4725 , @entity1454 , and @entity1454 were selectively expressed in areas of @entity32 . In general, HLA-DR and intercellular adhesion molecule @entity2071 were co-expressed in similar regions. @entity2279 was restricted to zones of marked @entity32 and vascularization. E-selectin-1 was detected only in the stroma of a graft melt in a @entity1 with active ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, and may reflect a primary regulatory dysfunction in this disorder. The @entity2071 ligand was, in general, more diffusely distributed than its receptor @entity1454 , a @entity2263 integrin found on leukocyte cell membranes. The localization of the integrin @entity1454 , present on macrophages, neutrophils, and some lymphocytes, did not always parallel the staining pattern of @entity2071 , suggesting promiscuity in its binding to other ligands besides @entity2071 . CONCLUSIONS: Adhesion molecules are detected readily at sites of @entity32 and may play a critical role in facilitating the recruitment of immune regulatory cells to these areas. Future efforts to block or modulate the expression of intercellular adhesion molecules may provide new therapeutic options in the treatment of corneal inflammatory diseases.

title: Detection of cellular adhesion molecules in inflamed XXXX corneas.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'corneal inflammation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether race is a factor of blood pressure levels in school-age @entity1 of similar social status, and to investigate other potential determinants of the levels of blood pressure. DESIGN: Inquiry in schools of the suburbs of Lisbon. SETTING: Three schools, four medical observers (general practitioners with school-health functions). SUBJECTS: Three hundred ninety seven @entity1 , aged 6-14 years, both sexes, 296 being white and 101 non-white. INTERVENTIONS: Inquiry to the following individual characteristics--sex, age, race, birthplace, type of housing, house availability of water, electricity and waste water, type of transportation to school, number of cohabitans, family income, school marks. Individual determination of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure ( @entity11559 ), heart rate (HR), weight and height. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Blood pressure values were cross-analyzed with all the determined variables, and the virtual correlations were checked. Main results as follows: Race does not influence either SBP or @entity11559 . In this age group, sex does not influence blood pressure values. The used markers of socioeconomical status have equally no influence on blood pressure. Age has only a significant repercussion on SBP. No significant correlation was found between height and blood pressure. Body weight, however, influence either SBP or @entity11559 . SBP was found to be lower in the second of two successive measurements, and the difference increases with age. CONCLUSIONS: In this school-aged biracial population, body weight seems to be the major factor of blood pressure levels, in the sense-bigger weight, higher SBP and @entity11559 .

title: [Arterial pressure and race. A study in pauper XXXX attending schools in an urban strip in Lisbon].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: AIM: We studied the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting subclinical @entity32 in @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity309 and tested the hypothesis of @entity8923 as a marker of disease activity. METHODS: Thirteen @entity309 @entity1 with Disease Activity Score of 28 joints (DAS28) <  2.6 were evaluated. The @entity1 underwent clinical evaluation, laboratory tests and MRI assessment. Imaging of bilateral hands and wrists was performed using validated acquisition and scoring techniques. Serum @entity8923 levels were concurrently measured. RESULTS: MRI assessments showed that 92.3% and 76.9% of @entity1 had @entity603 and @entity236 , respectively, despite being in clinical remission. Eight out of 12 @entity1 (66.7%) had @entity2681 on MRI which were not visualised on plain radiographs. Of all the 182 joints studied for @entity603 on MRI, only one had clinical evidence of @entity4 . Comparison of the total sum scores of @entity603 between the right and left hand and wrist joints of individual @entity1 showed a significant difference between the two sides. Measurements of @entity8923 indicated that a large proportion (54%) of the @entity1 had undetectable or very low levels of the cytokine. CONCLUSION: MRI is more sensitive in detecting @entity2681 compared with X-rays, and is superior in its ability to detect subclinical @entity32 in @entity309 @entity1 . Despite being in clinical remission, a large majority of @entity1 had imaging-detected @entity603 and @entity236 . Our study highlights the usefulness of MRI for the accurate evaluation of disease activity. In the utility of MRI, it may be important to assess bilateral hands and wrists, instead of limiting to the dominant side.

title: Use of magnetic resonance imaging in detecting subclinical @entity603 in XXXX and correlation of imaging findings with @entity8923 levels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['joint swelling']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow edema']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: We described previously cDNA clones representing a novel @entity4050 -related 1.4 kilobase mRNA. This mRNA species codes for a doublet of serum proteins of M(r) 39,000 and 37,000 ( @entity44841 / @entity13924 ). The respective recombinant proteins of the three clones H-69, pFH1.4a, and pFH1.4b differ in the expression of the epitope recognized by the monoclonal antibody (mAb) 3D11. This probably reflects the difference of three @entity535 residues of the deduced protein sequence. Here we report evidence for corresponding alterations in the native proteins @entity44841 / @entity13924 in @entity1 sera. Employing mAb 3D11 and a polyclonal @entity4050 -specific antiserum we detected three different patterns in western blot analyses of @entity1 sera which we provisionally termed @entity32935 .4p+m+, @entity32935 .4p+m-, and @entity32935 .4p-m-. In the first pattern, @entity44841 / @entity13924 were recognized by both antibodies, while in the second pattern the two proteins reacted only with the polyclonal antiserum. Both antibodies failed to detect @entity44841 / @entity13924 in the third pattern. These phenotypes are found in the healthy population with frequencies of 0.556, 0.40, and 0.044, respectively. The frequencies of the alleles @entity32935 .4*p+m+, @entity32935 .4*p+m-, and @entity32935 .4*p-m- were estimated to be 0.33, 0.46, and 0.21, respectively, assuming the gene distribution to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Studies of 98 members from 27 families revealed an autosomal Mendelian inheritance. Southern blot data support our assumption of a polymorphism of the @entity4050 -related proteins @entity44841 and @entity13924 .

title: Polymorphism and deficiency of @entity1 XXXX -related proteins @entity44841 and @entity13924 .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity4050 :: (3075,Gene) :: ['factor H']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 1023 Background: @entity172 and @entity1420 receptor (ER/PR) expression is a fundamental prognostic and predictive marker for @entity0 . Conflicting thresholds for ER/PR positivity have resulted in uncertainty regarding endocrine therapy for low levels of ER/PR (1-10%). The purpose of our study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of low levels of ER/PR on survival outcomes in @entity5 previously defined as @entity0 ( @entity0 ). METHODS: We reviewed records of 1257 @entity1 with @entity0 (defined as ER/PR < 10% and @entity1722 negative) followed between 1990 and 2009 at a single institution. @entity5 were categorized according to ER/PR expression by immunohistochemistry into one of three groups: ER/PR <1% (Group A), ER/PR 1-5% (Group B) and ER/PR 6-10% (Group C). Kaplan-Meier product limit method was used to estimate @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Cox proportional hazards models were fit to determine the association between ER/PR expression and survival, after adjustment for other @entity1 and disease characteristics. RESULTS: Median age was 51 years (range 21 to 98 years). Groups A, B and C had 897 (71.4%), 241 (19.2%) and 119 (9.4%) @entity1 , respectively. Group A had a larger proportion of @entity5 (P = 0.001). At a median follow up of 44 months, there were 465 recurrences and 367 deaths. The 3-year @entity1349 rates were 64%, 67% and 77% in groups A, B and C, respectively (P=0.34). Corresponding, 3-year @entity1349 rates in group A, B and C were 79%, 81% and 88% (P=0.33). ER/PR expression was not an independent predictor for @entity1349 (Group B: HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.88-1.41, P=0.37 and Group C: HR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.65-1.30, P=0.64) or @entity1349 (Group B: HR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.84-1.44, P=0.47 and Group C: HR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.60-1.31, P=0.54) when compared with Group A. A subset analysis among 118 @entity1 within the three groups who received endocrine therapy showed no significant difference in @entity1349 (P = 0.10) or @entity1349 (P = 0.45). CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of @entity0 @entity1 , low levels of ER/PR (1-10%) expression appear to have no significant impact on survival outcomes. The benefit from endocrine therapy in @entity5 with ER/PR 1-10% is uncertain.

title: Impact of low @entity172 - and XXXX -receptor expression on survival outcomes in @entity0 previously classified as @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'TNBC', 'triple-negative breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'grade III tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'recurrence-free survival', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: @entity14 is the third most common @entity5 in the Western world. Approximately half of @entity1 will develop liver @entity3 , which is the most common cause of @entity204 . The only potentially curative treatment is surgical resection. However, many @entity1 retain a to small future liver remnant (FLR) to allow for resection directly. There are therefore strategies to decrease the @entity5 with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and to increase the FLR. An accepted strategy to increase the FLR is @entity2994 ( @entity2994 ). A concern with this strategy is that a large proportion of @entity1 will never be operated because of progression during the interval between @entity2994 and resection. ALPPS ( @entity96 ) is a new procedure with a high resection rate. A concern with this approach is the rather high frequency of complications and high mortality, compared to @entity2994 . In this review, it is shown that with ALPPS the resection rate was 97.1% for CRLM and the mortality rate for all diagnoses was 9.6%. The mortality rate was likely lower for @entity1 with CRLM, but some data were lacking in the reports. Due to the novelty of ALPPS, the indications and technique are not yet established but there are arguments for ALPPS in the context of CRLM and a small FLR.

title: Role of XXXX in colorectal liver @entity3 : a review.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['PVO', 'portal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy']


abstract: Possible @entity3002 responsible for circulatory disturbances with @entity3883 were investigated by determining the reactions of the heart and peripheral blood vessels using alpha.beta receptor stimulants or blockers. Mongrel @entity235 were randomly assigned to three groups: untreated (UT) and sham-operated (SO) controls and 3-week-old bile duct ligated (BDL). Under anesthesia with Nembutal, circulatory parameters and blood @entity2922 concentration were measured. In term of alpha- and beta-adrenergic reactions, reactions in the sympathetic nervous system to alpha- and beta-receptor stimulants were examined. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate were used as an alpha-adrenergic parameter and a beta-adrenergic parameter, respectively. The hemodynamic study in BDL group was characterized by a reduction in MAP (p less than 0.05), total peripheral resistance (p less than 0.005) and left @entity64 work (LVSW) (p less than 0.05) and by an increase in cardiac index (p less than 0.05). The blood @entity1063 concentration was significantly increased in @entity1087 (p less than 0.01). Reaction to the beta-receptor stimulant was significantly decreased in BDL group. In response to the alpha-receptor stimulant, lower reactivity was found in some animals in BDL group in comparison to SO group. Taking this into consideration with the increase in blood @entity1063 and the decrease in LVSW, the presence of abnormalities particularly in the beta-adrenergic system (receptor, cardiac muscle etc.) in @entity1087 is suggested to be a characteristic feature of reactions in the sympathetic nervous system. Such abnormalities are speculated to be responsible for @entity86 .

title: [Experimental study on the characteristic features of sympathetic nervous system reactions in XXXX with @entity3883 ].

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular stroke']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in the sympathetic nervous system']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative shock']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The abuse of @entity7855 and its analogous, accelerated by their inappropriate or illegal distribution, is a serious social issue globally. However, no studies have been conducted to monitor these drugs simultaneously in hair, which can provide valuable information on chronic drug use. In the present study, an LC-MS/MS method was developed for the simultaneous determination in hair of five @entity323 drugs having a high risk for abuse ( @entity39147 , @entity7855 , @entity9498 , @entity28281 and @entity6697 ) and their selected metabolites ( @entity60681 , @entity7855 , @entity60682 and desethylvardenafil). The novel method was fully validated after optimizing matrix effects and extraction efficiency. The optimized sample preparation included acidic @entity1042 extraction followed by solid phase extraction using C18 mixed mode strong cation exchange polymeric cartridges. The prepared samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS with electrospray ion source in the positive ionization mode. The validation results proved the method to be selective, sensitive, accurate and precise, with acceptable linearity within calibration ranges. LODs ranged from 0.05 ( @entity60682 ) to 1ng/10mg hair ( @entity9498 ). LOQs were 1ng/10mg hair except for @entity60682 and @entity6697 , of which they were 2.5ng/10mg hair. No significant variations were observed by different sources of matrices in both @entity1 and @entity35 hair, except for @entity9498 , for which a stable isotope-labeled internal standard was effective. The animal study suggested hair pigmentation was a major factor for the incorporation of the drugs and metabolites into hair. However, a wide variation of the @entity7855 -to- @entity7855 ratios was observed in @entity1 hair samples. The developed method will be very useful for monitoring the abuse of @entity323 drugs for both legal and public health aspects.

title: An LC-MS/MS method for the determination of five XXXX drugs and their selected metabolites in hair.

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity9498 :: ('MESH:C429886', 'Chemical') :: ['tadalafil']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil', 'desmethylsildenafil']

entities_list: @entity39147 :: ('MESH:C528396', 'Chemical') :: ['mirodenafil']

entities_list: @entity6697 :: ('MESH:C426063', 'Chemical') :: ['vardenafil']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of a new hybrid imaging modality, integrated in the US equipment and derived by a real-time MRI and US fusion process, in the hand and wrist joints of a small group of @entity627 @entity1 . METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with @entity571 and @entity309 with hand and wrist involvement were studied. Clinical assessment, physical examination, hand and wrist radiography and laboratory tests were carried out. After performing 0.2T MRI (T   , T    and short time inversion recovery sequences) of the dominant hand and wrist, images were recorded in a US machine equipped with a virtual navigator system. Ultrasonography was performed in the same joints using an 18 MHz linear probe. Image MRI/US superposition was carried out, with real-time contemporary visualization of the US and related MRI images. Randomly selected stored images of different joints were subsequently re-analysed by a different operator. Concordance between the static and dynamic evaluations was assessed. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 (six with @entity571 and three with @entity309 ) were studied. The real-time MRI/US overlap provided fusion images of both tools. A striking concordance in the visualization of the bony profile was found with evidence of pronounced osteophytes in @entity79 in @entity309 . The analysis of stored selected images demonstrated a high concordance between real-time and static assessment. CONCLUSION: MRI/US fusion imaging gives a composite set of information with accurate anatomical correlations.

title: Magnetic resonance and ultrasonography real-time fusion imaging of the hand and wrist in @entity571 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['OA and bone erosions']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: The numbers and HLA-DR expression of T cell subsets and dendritic cells in chronic psoriatic plaques were compared to previously reported findings in spontaneously resolving guttate lesions, and the effects of PUVA treatment on these cell populations studied. The chronic lesions showed a similar T helper/T suppressor (TH/ @entity1950 ) ratio (0.66 +/- 0.10) to resolving guttate lesions. However, in contrast to the resolving lesions which do not contain activated epidermal TH cells, a substantial proportion of the TH cells in the persistent plaques were DR+. Moreover, these persistent lesions contained markedly increased numbers of DR+ dendritic cells, approximately 20% of which were T6 negative. PUVA-induced @entity740 was associated with depletion of epidermal TH and @entity1950 cells, and a subsequent reduction in DR+ dendritic cells. In each @entity1 the rate of disappearance of both cell types correlated with the rate of resolution. Furthermore, the epidermal T cell depletion preceded the onset of clinical improvement. In contrast, significant reduction of the dendritic cells was generally not observed until the lesions were largely resolved. Dendritic cells decreased faster in uninvolved than in lesional skin and to a subnormal level. @entity1619 cells also decreased during PUVA therapy but this did not show any obvious correlation with resolution of the lesions. Blood T cell levels were not significantly affected by the treatment. These findings support the concept that the initiation and maintenance of the psoriatic process requires activation of TH cells in the epidermis via interaction with antigen presenting cells. Furthermore PUVA treatment may clear @entity1569 by interfering with such a mechanism through its effects on T lymphocytes.

title: Epidermal T lymphocytes and dendritic cells in chronic XXXX : the effects of PUVA treatment.

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['resolution of chronic lesions']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['plaque psoriasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity136 and @entity1206 are active agents for the treatment of metastatic @entity0 . Prolonged infusion of @entity136 can result in higher levels of active metabolites compared to shorter administration. This phase II trial was initiated to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of @entity136 as prolonged infusion in combination with @entity1206 in @entity4349 and/or @entity3907 pretreated @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 who had received one prior line of chemotherapy for metastatic disease were treated with @entity136 (350 mg/m2 as 4 h infusion) and @entity1206 (25 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8. Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks for a maximum of six cycles. RESULTS: Of 26 @entity1 enrolled, 84% had received prior @entity4349 treatment and 50% prior @entity3907 therapy. In total, one complete and six partial responses were achieved, accounting for an overall response rate of 30.4%. The clinical benefit rate was 47.8%. Median duration of response and median time to progression were 7.3 months and 4.6 months, respectively. Median overall survival was 14.5 months. Although the predominant @entity137 was myelosuppression with grade 3/4 @entity1398 in 42% of @entity1 , few @entity1398 resulted. Non-hematological @entity137 was generally moderate. Most common non-hematologic @entity137 were @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity1665 , @entity1897 and elevation of liver enzymes. CONCLUSION: @entity136 as prolonged infusion and @entity1206 are a safe and effective combination treatment in @entity4349 and/or @entity3907 pretreated @entity1 . Approximately 47.8% of @entity1 derived clinical benefit from treatment. This regimen represents a therapeutic option for @entity1 receiving second-line therapy for metastatic @entity0 .

title: @entity136 as prolonged infusion and XXXX in @entity4349 and/or @entity3907 pretreated metastatic @entity0 : a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'neutropenic complications']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['vinorelbine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the @entity697 in @entity1 who have received @entity3831 implant boost using inverse planning, and to determine dose volume correlations. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between September 1999 and October 2002, 44 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity263 (PSA>/=10 ng/ml, and/or Gleason score>/=7, and/or Stage T2c or higher) were treated with 40-45 Gy external pelvic field followed by 2--3 fraction of inverse-planned @entity3831 implant boost (6--9.5 Gy /fraction). Median follow-up time was 1.7 years with 81.8% of @entity1 who had at least 12 months of follow up (range 8.6--42.5. Acute and late morbidity data were collected and graded according to RTOG criteria. Questionnaires were used to collect prostate related measures of quality of life, and international prostate symptom score (IPSS) before and after treatment. Dose-volume histograms for prostate, urethra, bladder, penis bulb and rectum were analyzed. RESULTS: The median @entity1 age was 64 years. Of these, 32% were in the high risk group, and 61% in the intermediate risk group. 3 @entity1 (7%) had no adverse prognostic factors. A single grade 3 GU acute @entity137 was reported but no grade 3--4 acute @entity137 . No grade 3--4 late GU or @entity137 was reported. Acute (late) grade 2 urinary and rectal symptoms were reported in 31.8 (11.4%) and 4.6% (4.6%) of @entity1 , respectively. A trend for predicting @entity137 is seen for total @entity3831 dose of more than 18 Gy (OR=3.6, 95%CI=[0.96--13.5], P=0.058). The evolution of @entity137 is presented for @entity137 . @entity323 occurs in approximately 27% of @entity1 who were not on hormonal deprivation, but may be taking @entity7855 . The IPSS peaked on averaged 6 weeks post-implant and returned to the baseline at a median of 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Inverse-planned @entity3831 brachytherapy is a viable option to deliver higher dose to the prostate as a boost without increasing GU or rectal complication. Further @entity3831 dose escalation to the prostate is feasible.

title: Anatomy-based inverse planning dose optimization in XXXX prostate implant: a @entity137 study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['Erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute and late complications']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'acute and late GU/GI toxicity', 'GI toxicity', 'acute GU toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil']

answer: @entity3831 :: (MESH:C537907,Disease) :: ['HDR']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this paper is to review the evidence on the effectiveness of support groups by reporting a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating support groups for @entity1 with @entity5 . BACKGROUND: One of the most important nursing aims is to give @entity1 with @entity5 emotional support and strengthen their adaptation to the disease. According to the literature, support groups for these @entity1 are beneficial. METHODS: Original studies from 14 databases published during the past 20 years in peer review journals were selected. Twenty studies with a randomized clinical trial design constituted the final meta-analysis sample. Methodological quality of the selected articles was checked using the Jadad Scale and the Checklist of Consort Statement. Demographic data were analysed using the SPSS program, and the heterogeneity calculation and effect size were analysed using the Rev- @entity1 4-.1-Metaview program. FINDINGS: The results indicate that participation in a support group is associated with significant improvements in a @entity1 's emotional state ( @entity308 and @entity148 ), illness adaptation, quality of life, and marital relationships. CONCLUSION: Support group participation for @entity1 with @entity5 has a positive impact in various areas. Nurses should promote participation as a crucial part of their care.

title: Nursing and XXXX support groups.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Man']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the recovery potential of the posterior tibial muscle after late reconstruction following tendon @entity397 in stage II of @entity12290 . Fourteen @entity1 (18 @entity1 , 6 @entity1 ; mean age 59.8 years) were investigated 47 months (range, 24-76 months) after surgical reconstruction of a completely @entity397 posterior tibial tendon (end-to-end @entity254 , side-to-side augmentation with the flexor digitorum longus tendon) in combination with a distal @entity9066 with a tricortical iliac crest bone graft for lengthening of the lateral column. At follow-up, clinical and radiological investigations were performed, including strength measurement and qualitative and quantitative MRI investigation. The overall clinical results were graded excellent in 12 @entity1 , good in one, fair in one, and poor in none. The average ankle-hindfoot score (American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) improved from preoperatively 49.1 (range, 32-60) to 93.1 (range, 76-100) at follow-up. The functional result correlated with @entity1 's satisfaction and sports activities (p <.05). All @entity1 showed a significant strength of the posterior tibial muscle on the affected side, but it was smaller than on non-affected side (p <.05). The mean posterior tibial muscle strength was 75.1 N on affected and 104.9 N on nonaffected side, corresponding to a ratio of 0.73 between the two legs. The mean area of the posterior tibial muscle was 1.89 cm(2) on affected side, and 3.48 cm(2) on nonaffected side, corresponding to a ratio of 0.55 between the two legs. While @entity528 for the posterior tibial muscle was found in all @entity1 , it was found to decrease with increasing strength of the posterior tibial muscle (p <.05) and muscular size (p <.05). On postoperative MRI, the posterior tibial tendon could be found to be intact in all @entity1 . The recovery potential of the posterior tibial muscle was shown to be significant even after delayed repair of its @entity397 tendon. @entity397 and/or diseased posterior tibial tendon should not be transected as it excludes any recovery possibilities of the posterior tibial muscle.

title: Recovery of the posterior tibial muscle after late reconstruction following tendon XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity9066 :: ('MESH:D036982', 'Disease') :: ['calcaneal osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured', 'rupture', 'A ruptured']

entities_list: @entity12290 :: ('MESH:D037081', 'Disease') :: ['posterior tibial tendon dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['fatty degeneration']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture']


abstract: Susceptibilities to 16 antimicrobial agents were determined by measurement of MICs for 344 isolates of anaerobic bacteria recovered from @entity1 with significant @entity281 . Resistance rates varied among antimicrobial agents and the species tested. The beta-lactams were more active in gram-positive than in gram-negative anaerobes. Resistance to @entity2889 was low (<1%). For @entity3405 -beta-lactamase inhibitors, @entity3400 - @entity7120 was most active for all species (resistance, <6%). The rates of resistance to @entity3398 (31 to 65%) and @entity3402 (50 to 70%) for non- @entity2868 species of the @entity2868 group were higher than those for @entity2868 (4% resistant to @entity3398 and 33% resistant to @entity3402 ). Among members of @entity2868 group, @entity3404 was the most resistant to @entity3402 (70%) and @entity3398 (65%). Rates of susceptibility to @entity2892 and @entity868 for @entity2868 continue to be high compared to those from a previous study 10 years ago. However, resistance to @entity868 was found recently in five strains of @entity2868 . We analyzed the genetic relationships among the @entity868 -resistant @entity2868 strains by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The @entity868 -resistant @entity2868 strains showed genotypic heterogeneity, excluding the dissemination of a single clone.

title: High incidence of @entity3398 and XXXX resistance among anaerobes in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2868 :: ('817', 'Species') :: ['B. fragilis', 'Bacteroides fragilis']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity3404 :: ('818', 'Species') :: ['Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoxitin']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity3402 :: (MESH:D002981,Chemical) :: ['clindamycin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate the possibilities of interventional ultrasonography in the treatment of liquid collections created during and after an acute @entity788 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Ultra-sound controlled percutaneous drainage of peripancreatic liquid collections was done in 58 @entity1 (44 @entity1 and 14 @entity1 , average age 47.8 within the span of 15-68) in the period between May 1995 and September 2001. Pseudocystitis of @entity788 formed after an acute @entity788 was drained in 19 cases, abscess collections were drained in 14 cases, and in 25 cases a catheter was entered in peripancreatic liquid collections and steatonecrotic masses in the initial phase of acute @entity548 necrotic @entity788 . Pigtail catheters 5 to 7 F were placed to serve for drainage and instillation of medicaments. RESULTS: In the group of @entity1 to whom a catheter was placed in liquid collections and steatonecrotic masses, two lethal outcomes were recorded. However, they were not the result of the intervention, but of @entity358 and @entity1003 . One @entity1 with peripancreatic abscess collections was operated after the intervention. In other @entity1 , ultra-sound controlled percutaneous drainage was successful. Before our intervention 22 @entity1 had been operated, five of them twice and two of them three times. CONCLUSION: Ultra-sound controlled percutaneous drainage gives an important contribution in the treatment of the hardest forms of acute @entity788 and represents a safe and less aggressive method in the treatment of liquid collections and @entity4099 formed during an acute @entity788 .

title: [Interventional ultrasound in the treatment of acute XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreas']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['emboly of lungs']

entities_list: @entity4099 :: ('MESH:D005218', 'Disease') :: ['steatonecroses']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity55 is characterized by migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) into the different compartments of the lung, passing an endothelial and epithelial barrier. Recent studies showed evidence that phosphodiesterase (PDE)4-inhibitors stabilized endothelial cells. @entity45767 and @entity20224 subtypes play a pivotal role in @entity32 , whereas blocking @entity20224 is suspected to cause gastrointestinal side effects. We thought to investigate the particular role of the @entity1980 -inhibitors @entity21041 and @entity7428 on lung epithelium. @entity55 was induced by inhalation of @entity558 . @entity1980 -inhibitors were administered i.p. or nebulized after @entity32 . The impact of @entity1980 -inhibitors on PMN migration was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. Microvascular permeability, cytokine levels, and @entity45767 and @entity20224 expression were analyzed. In vivo, both @entity1980 -inhibitors decreased transendothelial and transepithelial migration even when administered after @entity32 , whereas @entity21041 showed a superior effect compared to @entity7428 on the epithelium. Both inhibitors decreased @entity310 , @entity650 , and @entity10149 /3. @entity2851 , the strong PMN chemoattractant secreted by the epithelium, was significantly more reduced by @entity21041 . In vitro assays with @entity1 epithelium also emphasized the pivotal role of @entity21041 on the epithelium. Additionally, @entity558 -induced stress fibers, an essential requirement for a direct migration of PMNs into the alveolar space, were predominantly reduced by @entity21041 . Expression of @entity45767 and @entity20224 were both increased in the lungs by @entity558 , @entity1980 -inhibitors decreased mainly @entity45767 . The topical administration of @entity1980 -inhibitors was also effective in curbing down PMN migration, further highlighting the clinical potential of these compounds. In pulmonary epithelial cells, both subtypes were found coexistent around the nucleus and the cytoplasm. In these epithelial cells, @entity558 increased @entity45767 and, to a lesser extend, @entity20224 , whereas the effect of the inhibitors was prominent on the @entity45767 subtype. In conclusion, we determined the pivotal role of the @entity1980 -inhibitor @entity21041 on lung epithelium and emphasized its main effect on @entity45767 in hyperinflammation.

title: The Unrecognized Effects of Phosphodiesterase 4 on Epithelial Cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7428 :: ('MESH:D020889', 'Chemical') :: ['rolipram']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Acute pulmonary inflammation']

entities_list: @entity21041 :: ('MESH:C424423', 'Chemical') :: ['roflumilast']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Inflammation']


abstract: Primary @entity1211 is rare, only 197 @entity1 have been reported. To examine progress in diagnosis, treatment, and clinical outcome, we retrospectively reviewed data of 13 @entity1 , 12 @entity1 and one @entity1 (mean age, 55 years; range, 19 to 75 years), who in the last 35 years underwent surgical treatment for primary @entity1211 at our institution. The @entity5 arose from the inferior vena cava in eight, iliac vein in two, ovarian vein in one, and greater saphenous vein in two @entity1 . Primary @entity1211 was detected by physical examination in nine @entity1 , symptoms were present in six. The 13 @entity1 underwent 16 surgical procedures to resect primary (12), recurrent (2), or metastatic (2) @entity5 . Local excision alone was performed in seven, and local excision with reconstruction of the inferior vena cava or iliac vein was performed in six @entity1 . The @entity5 was greater than 10 cm in eight @entity1 . The perioperative mortality rate was 15% (2 of 13). Median survival of the 11 early survivors was 3.5 years (range, 6 months to 17 years). Currently five @entity1 are alive (four of them free of known @entity5 ), with a median survival of 3 years (6 months to 17 years) after surgery. Of the eight deceased @entity1 , primary @entity1211 recurred after resection in six. @entity5 recurrence was not affected by @entity5 grade, size, or adjuvant treatment. Although early detection with modern imaging techniques could potentially be of benefit, wide local excision with selective venous reconstruction affords the only hope for prolonged survival.

title: Primary XXXX : a rare but lethal disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and the time course of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 )-associated gastric intolerance in @entity1 with @entity309 and @entity5144 . METHODS: Four hundred twenty subjects undergoing @entity1500 treatment for @entity309 (n = 346) and @entity5144 (n = 74) were retrospectively assessed. The incidence and time course of gastric @entity1500 intolerance resulting in treatment discontinuation were investigated. In addition, the relations between gastric intolerance and @entity1 characteristics, including gender, age, diagnosis, and rheumatoid factor (RF) positivity, were examined. RESULTS: Overall, oral @entity1500 discontinuation rate due to gastric intolerance was 28.6 %. The time to discontinuation for oral @entity1500 was 8.1    11.5 months on average, with more than half of the discontinuations occurring within the first three months of treatment. Discontinuation was not associated with gender, age, diagnosis, or RF positivity. More than half of the @entity1 that switched to a parenteral treatment regimen (52.6 %, 20/38) could tolerate the agent. CONCLUSIONS: Gastric @entity1500 intolerance usually develops within the first year of treatment and presents a major obstacle to long-term treatment retention in @entity1 with @entity66 . However, parenteral @entity1500 appears to be a good alternative for @entity1 intolerant of oral @entity1500 .

title: The time course of gastric methotrexate intolerance in @entity1 with @entity309 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatologic disease']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity5144 :: (MESH:D015535,Disease) :: ['psoriatic arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Detailed data on real-life utilization of @entity2067 antagonists (VKAs) and new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in @entity955 are sparse. OBJECTIVES: To describe the dynamics of VKA and NOAC use: that is, (i) how @entity1 moved in and out of, as well as between, use of VKAs and NOACs; (ii) how @entity1 adhered to treatment; and (iii) which type of prescriber initiated, maintained, and changed treatment with VKAs and NOACs. METHODS: We conducted a drug utilization study in the region of southern Denmark (population 1.2 million) using prescription data. We included all subjects using VKAs or NOACs during the period of August 22, 2011, through June 30, 2013, restricted to subjects with a diagnosis of @entity955 . RESULTS: We identified 20,911 subjects, of whom 20,769 and 1639 used VKAs and NOACs, respectively. The number of VKA users was stable at ~ 14,000 subjects during the study period, whereas the number of NOAC users increased to 903. The majority of NOAC users had previously used VKAs (n = 974), whereas 389 anticoagulant-na  ve users initiated NOAC therapy. Among the latter, 51.2% had changed to VKAs within 6 months. 57.3% of VKA users were initiated by a hospital physician, whereas maintenance treatment was predominantly handled by the @entity1 's general practitioner (97.6%). Switches from NOAC to VKA were initiated by a general practitioner in 69.2% of the cases. For users of NOACs, these numbers were 73.5%, 94.0%, and 63.3%. CONCLUSIONS: A large proportion of NOAC users switch to a VKA within a short time frame. The reasons for this are not clear.

title: Dynamics of XXXX antagonist and new oral anticoagulants use in @entity955 : a Danish drug utilization study.

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

answer: @entity2067 :: (MESH:D014812,Chemical) :: ['vitamin K']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The main reason for elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) in @entity726 capsulare is secondary plugging of the intertrabecular spaces by pigment and fibrillous material. The goal of this study was to evaluate the clinical results of trabecular aspiration, a new surgical concept to improve trabecular facility in @entity726 capsulare. METHODS: Trabecular aspiration was performed under the operating microscope prior to extracapsular @entity231 extraction (ECCE) in half of the chamber angle circumference, using a specially designed irrigation-aspiration device in 27 @entity735 . The hand-held instrument has three outlets, one for aspiration (400 microns wide and 45 degrees horizontally angulated to meet the slope of the meshwork) and two (650 microns) for irrigation to maintain a deep anterior chamber and to keep the iris away from suction. @entity652 and pigment was cleared with a suction force of 100-200 mmHg. RESULTS: The mean preoperative IOP (with and without @entity726 therapy) was 31.6 +/- 7.2 mmHg; At different times after operation, IOP values were: day 5, 15.1 +/- 4.2 mmHg. 1 month, 17.5 +/- 3.2 mmHg; 3 months, 17.2 +/- 2.5 mmHg; 6 months, 17.5 +/- 2.6 mmHg; 12 months, 21 +/- 4.5 mmHg. The mean antiglaucomatous medication score decreased from 3.81 medications/day preoperatively to 0.52 medications/day 12 months postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: In a limited number of @entity1 suffering from @entity9998 and @entity231 , the IOP-lowering effect of trabecular aspiration in combination with ECCE could be substantiated. Removal of inter- and pretrabecular debris prior to ECCE decreased IOP by 44% from baseline (12-month results), which indicates clinical relevance.

title: [Trabecular aspiration. A new surgical method for improving chamber angle facility in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity9998 :: ('MESH:D017889', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoexfoliative glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous eyes']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['Trabecular debris']

answer: @entity9998 :: (MESH:D017889,Disease) :: ['pseudoexfoliation glaucoma']


abstract: @entity1214 has a unique solubility in lipids and may reach therapeutic concentrations in tears and saliva. In two consecutive prospective double-masked clinical trials that were carried out in two villages in Saudi Arabia, we assessed the effects of oral @entity1214 in the treatment of @entity11738 and compared its effects with those of topical @entity803 ointment in the first study and to @entity803 ointment and placebo in the second study. A total of 178 eyes in 96 @entity1 were included. The age range was 7 to 14 years, with a mean age of 9 years. All @entity1 underwent complete ophthalmologic evaluation. School @entity1 were divided into two groups in a double-masked fashion. The first group received either oral @entity1214 or topical @entity803 1% ointment and the second group was divided into three subgroups, each receiving one of the following therapeutic modalities: oral @entity1214 , topical @entity803 ointment, or placebo ointment. All @entity1 were evaluated before initiation of therapy, at three weeks and at 12 months following treatment. Therapy was continued for a period of five weeks. These two double-masked field-based clinical trials have shown both @entity1214 given orally and @entity803 ointment given topically were effective in decreasing the intensity of inflammation due to @entity11738 . Oral @entity1214 was found to be equally effective as topical @entity803 ointment in the treatment of @entity11738 at three weeks. @entity1214 , however, was found to be superior to topical @entity803 when @entity1 were evaluated one year after therapy (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX effects in @entity1 with active @entity11738 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline', 'Minocycline']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity1214 :: (MESH:D008911,Chemical) :: ['Minocycline']


abstract: Cordyceps sinensis has been known as a traditional medicine in China, and @entity2441 plus @entity9756 could prevent @entity170 in ovariectomized @entity35 . The present study shows that daily oral administration of @entity2441 at higher doses in adult hind limb suspension @entity35 can prevent disuse-induced @entity604 and deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture. INTRODUCTION: Cordyceps sinensis induces @entity53 production and prevents @entity170 in ovariectomized @entity35 . This study was to examine whether @entity2441 can prevent disuse-induced @entity170 . METHODS: @entity35 were randomly divided into six groups, and five groups were treated with hind limb suspension (HLS). One HLS group received @entity561 (2.0  mg/kg/day) orally, and to the three other HLS groups to each group, a different amount of @entity2441 (100, 300, and 500  mg/kg/day) was orally administered for 8  weeks before and after HLS. The remaining HLS group was set as a control without treatment. Each group consisted of 10 males and females. The body weights, biochemical parameters in serum and urine, @entity79 ( @entity79 ), bone mineral content (BMC), mechanical testing, and bone microarchitecture were examined. RESULTS: Treatments with higher @entity2441 dosage (300 and 500  mg/kg/day) or @entity561 had a positive effect on body weights, mechanical strength, @entity79 , and BMC compared to the other HLS groups. @entity2441 decreased markers of bone turnover dose dependently and increased the osteocalcin levels in HLS @entity35 . The result of micro-CT analysis from the L4 vertebra showed that @entity2441 (500  mg/kg) significantly prevented the reduction of the bone volume fraction, connectivity density, trabeculae number, and thickness as well as improved the trabeculae separation and structure model index in HLS @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that administration of @entity2441 at higher doses over an 8-week period can prevent the @entity2537 in @entity35 . It implies that @entity2441 might be an alternative therapy for prevention of disuse-induced @entity170 also in @entity1 .

title: Prevention of @entity2537 in XXXX by Cordyceps sinensis extract.

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['alendronate']

entities_list: @entity2537 :: ('MESH:D020966', 'Disease') :: ['disuse osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity9756 :: ('MESH:D013324', 'Chemical') :: ['strontium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Spontaneous rectus sheath haematomas and cough secondary to @entity9886 are individually rare conditions. @entity1661 present with @entity490 and abdominal mass. Most @entity1 are managed conservatively; Surgery or embolisation is indicated for shock, infection, @entity397 into the peritoneum or intractable @entity158 . This is a @entity1 aged 65 years presented with dry cough and right-sided @entity490 . He started @entity9886 a few weeks prior to the onset of cough and had been on @entity3925 for prior @entity1150 . The right side of his abdomen was distended, bruised and tender. His haemoglobin dropped from 13.3to 9.5   g/dL. CT abdomen/pelvis showed a large 14.5*9.1*4.5   cm haematoma within the right lateral rectus muscle. His only risk factor for developing @entity2896 was cough in the setting of anticoagulation. Dry cough due to angiotensin receptor blockers is rare, but can have very serious consequences.

title: Rare case of @entity9886 -induced cough complicated by @entity2896 : in a @entity1 on XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal wall haematomas']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity2896 :: ('MESH:D020434', 'Disease') :: ['rectus sheath haematoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity3925 :: (MESH:C503223,Chemical) :: ['rivaroxaban']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity311 is an important public health problem in Africa. Pregnant @entity1 are a vulnerable population and this disease can underlie an increased risk of low-birth weight newborns (< 2500 g); these @entity1 therefore need management during pregnancy. This was previously provided by @entity503 treatment, which, because of compliance problems and drug resistance, was replaced by intermittent preventive treatment with @entity1484 (ITPp-SP) with two single doses taken after 16 weeks of @entity2588 , at least 4 weeks apart. This protocol was recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1998 and was initiated in Benin in 2006 after its political adoption in 2004.A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted in eight maternity hospitals in two geographical areas in Benin (in the south and north). The study investigated 2420 @entity1 who gave birth from 2005 to 2009. The antenatal cards of those @entity1 were randomly selected over 5 years with the aim of analyzing the IPT coverage in the study's maternity hospitals. RESULTS: The rate of IPT-SP coverage evolved from 3.7% in 2005 to 87.8% in 2009 for @entity1 who had received at least one dose and from 2.7% to 68.4% from 2005 to 2009 for those who had received complete ITP (two doses). Variability in the results was observed depending on the geographical area (north/south) and the type of area (rural/urban). CONCLUSIONS: In total, application of IPT-SP 2-doses has rapidly evolved since 2005, but the objective of 80% IPT coverage has not yet been achieved throughout the country. Moreover, problems of drug shortage recurring in the field (reported by health staff) remain to be resolved.

title: Field evaluation of the intermittent preventive treatment of XXXX during pregnancy (IPTp) in Benin: evolution of the coverage rate since its implementation.

entities_list: @entity1484 :: ('MESH:C001205', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: @entity9611 ( @entity9611 ; @entity5647 ), which is currently used in the treatment of @entity791 , has been shown to have anticancer properties. In the present study, we examined the mechanisms contributing to increased sensitivity of @entity5 cells to the growth-inhibitory effects of @entity5647 . This was accomplished by incubating a @entity157 cell line (HepG2) and a normal liver cell line (THLE2) with @entity5647 in continuous culture for up to 4 weeks and evaluating the number of viable and @entity39 cells, the induction of apoptosis, cell cycle alterations, and telomerase activity. In HepG2 cells, @entity5647 (2-100 microM) caused significant dose-dependent decreases in the number of viable cells at exposures > 24 h. During a 1-week recover period, there was only a slight increase in the number of viable cells treated with @entity5647 . The decrease in viable cells was associated with an induction of apoptosis, a decrease in telomerase activity, and S and G2/M phase arrest of the cell cycle. During the recovery period, the extent of apoptosis and telomerase activity returned to control levels, whereas the disruption of cell cycle progression persisted. Western blot analysis indicated that @entity5647 caused a decrease in @entity23902 ( @entity23902 ) and kinase 2 ( @entity9516 ) and an increase in phosphorylated @entity23902 (Ser345) and @entity9516 (Thr68). Similar effects, to lesser extent, were observed in @entity1 cells given much higher concentrations of @entity5647 (50-2500 microM). These data show that HepG2 cells are much more sensitive than @entity1 cells to @entity5647 . They also indicate that a combination of a delay of cell cycle progression, an induction of apoptosis, and a decrease in telomerase activity is contributing to the decrease in the number of viable cells from @entity5647 treatment, and that checkpoint enzymes @entity23902 and @entity9516 may play an important role in the delay of cell cycle progression.

title: Long-term exposure to @entity9611 delays cell cycle progression, induces apoptosis, and decreases telomerase activity in XXXX hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity9611 :: ('MESH:D015215', 'Chemical') :: ['Zidovudine', "3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine"]

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity20501 ( @entity20501 ), a member of animal lectin family with evolutionary conserved @entity1735 recognition domains, has been reported to exert a large variety of functional roles in tumorigenesis due to its b-galactoside-binding affinity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression and prognostic significance of @entity20501 in @entity1 with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). The expression of @entity20501 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 196 @entity1 with @entity1358 who underwent nephrectomy. In the cohort, 48 @entity1 died and 61 @entity1 suffered recurrence. Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test was applied to compare survival curves. The authors employed univariate and multivariate Cox regression models to evaluate the prognostic value of @entity20501 expression in @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). In @entity1 with @entity1358 , @entity20501 expression, which was positively associated with @entity5 size (P   =   0.014), Fuhrman grade (P   =   0.010), and @entity39 (P   =   0.025), was determined to be an independent prognostic indicator for @entity1349 (hazard ratio [HR] 2.394; P   =   0.005) and @entity1349 (HR 2.096; P   =   0.006). High expression of @entity20501 was associated with poor survival (P   =   0.001) and early recurrence (P   =   0.006). Furthermore, @entity20501 expression could significantly stratify the @entity1 in early (grades I   +   II) @entity5 , node, and @entity3 (TNM) stage ( @entity1349 : P   =   0.005; @entity1349 : P   =   0.041) and low (grades 1   +   2) Fuhrman grade ( @entity1349 : P   =   0.004; @entity1349 : P   =   0.006). The prognostic accuracy of TNM, SSIGN, and UISS prognostic models was improved when @entity20501 expression was added. @entity20501 expression is a potential independent prognostic factor for @entity1349 and @entity1349 in @entity1 with @entity1358 .

title: @entity20501 predicts postoperative recurrence and survival of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear-cell renal cell carcinoma', 'ccRCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'recurrence-free survival', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['clear-cell renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Advanced @entity4177 often is lethal despite current therapies, yet development of novel approaches has been hampered by the lack of biologically relevant models. One new strategy selectively targets endothelium rather than @entity5 cells using frequently administered, low-dose ("metronome") chemotherapy. Metronome @entity1945 has antiangiogenic activity in some experimental @entity5 . The authors developed a xenograft model of @entity1 @entity4177 to test the effect of metronome topotecan in this system. METHODS: Xenografts resulted from intrarenal injection of cultured @entity1 @entity4177 cells in athymic @entity19 . Topotecan (0.36 mg/kg/dose) or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally 5 times per week. At week 6, 10 control/treated @entity19 were killed, and remaining animals were maintained without treatment until week 8. @entity5 weights were compared by Kruskal-Wallis analysis, and vascular alterations were ascertained by specific immunostaining. RESULTS: Metronome topotecan affected @entity5 weights in a delayed fashion: weights were diminished significantly only at 8 weeks (treated v control: 6 weeks, 0.59 g v 82 g, P value, not significant; 8 weeks, 1.13 g v 3.82; P <.02). Decreased vascularity and increased endothelial cell apoptosis were observed in treated xenografts. CONCLUSIONS: Metronome topotecan inhibits growth and @entity2295 in experimental @entity4177 . The durability of this effect is novel and has not been observed in other @entity5 models. @entity137 targeting of endothelial cells may hold particular promise for therapy of @entity1 with advanced @entity4177 . .

title: Topotecan is anti-angiogenic in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'xenograft tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity1945 :: ('MESH:D019772', 'Chemical') :: ['topotecan']

entities_list: @entity4177 :: ('MESH:D018197', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoblastoma']

answer: @entity4177 :: (MESH:D018197,Disease) :: ['hepatoblastoma']


abstract: The fhuD2 gene encodes a lipoprotein that has previously been shown to be important for the utilization of @entity62505 by @entity794 . We have studied the function of the FhuD2 protein in greater detail, and demonstrate here that the protein binds several @entity62505 . Mutagenesis of FhuD2 identified several residues that were important for the ability of the protein to function in @entity62506 transport. Several residues, notably Tyr-191, Trp-197, and @entity367 -202, were found to be critical for ligand binding. Moreover, mutation of two highly conserved @entity2227 residues, @entity367 -97 and @entity367 -231, had no affect on ligand binding, but did impair @entity62506 transport. Interestingly, the transport defect was not equivalent for all @entity62505 . We modeled FhuD2 against the high resolution structures of @entity526 FhuD and BtuF, two structurally related proteins, and showed that the three proteins share a similar overall structure. FhuD2 @entity367 -97 and @entity367 -231 were positioned on the surface of the N and C domains, respectively. Characterization of @entity62507 , @entity62508 , or @entity62507 / @entity62508 mutants suggests that these residues, along with the ligand itself, play a cumulative role in recognition by the ABC transporter FhuBGC2. In addition, small angle x-ray scattering was used to demonstrate that, in solution, FhuD2 does not undergo a detectable change in conformation upon binding @entity62505 . Therefore, the mechanism of binding and transport of ligands for binding proteins within this family is significantly different from that of other well studied binding protein families, such as that represented by @entity7969 -binding protein.

title: The role of FhuD2 in @entity62506 transport in XXXX . Demonstration that FhuD2 binds @entity62505 but with minimal conformational change and implication of mutations on transport.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity62506 :: ('MESH:C074579', 'Chemical') :: ['iron(III)-hydroxamate']

entities_list: @entity62507 :: ('p|SUB|E|97|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['E97A']

entities_list: @entity62505 :: ('CHEBI:28163', 'Chemical') :: ['iron(III)-hydroxamates']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: AIMS: @entity1199 has a significant antitumor activity in some types of @entity5 , and has been associated with the development of @entity955 ( @entity955 ). In addition, @entity1199 serum levels in recent onset @entity955 have been related with pharmaceutical cardioversion outcomes. We evaluated the hypothesis that a relationship exists between @entity32 and the outcome of catheter ablation of @entity955 . METHODS: We studied 44 @entity1 with paroxysmal @entity955 who underwent catheter ablation. @entity1 with structural @entity299 , @entity453 , active @entity32 , known or suspected @entity5 , @entity2744 , or exposure to anti-inflammatory drugs were excluded. All study @entity1 underwent evaluation with a standardized protocol, including echocardiography, and cytokine levels of @entity1199 , @entity3646 , @entity650 , @entity688 , @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha, and gamma-interferon determination before procedure. Clinical and electrocardiographic follow-up were performed with Holter-ECG at 3, 6 and 12months in order to know if sinus rhythm was maintained. RESULTS: After catheter ablation of the 44 @entity1 included (53  10years, 27.3% female), all @entity1 returned to sinus rhythm. During the first year of follow-up seven @entity1 (15.9%) experienced recurrence of @entity955 . The demographics, clinical and echocardiographic features, and pharmacological treatments of these @entity1 were similar to those who maintained sinus rhythm. The only independent factor predictive of recurrence of @entity955 was an elevated level of @entity1199 (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.12-1.38). CONCLUSIONS: High serum levels of @entity1199 , a pro-inflammatory non-vascular cytokine, are associated with the recurrence of @entity955 in @entity1 undergoing catheter ablation.

title: Serum levels of @entity1199 predict the recurrence of XXXX after pulmonary vein ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'cancer', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2744 :: ('MESH:C567425', 'Disease') :: ['endocrinopathies']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery or valve disease']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) in elderly @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity8 were examined, and a role for an AUC/EC50 ratio to guide dosing was evaluated. A Medline and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts search was used to identify @entity1 studies and abstracts. Relevant data were evaluated and summarized. Dosing regimens were compared using an AUC/EC50 ratio. Most studies evaluating @entity1289 inhibitors in @entity8 report a strong linear correlation between @entity908 clearance and drug elimination. AUC and EC50 values for these drugs in elderly subjects appear similar to younger and @entity101 @entity1 . There is increased AUC in some @entity1 with @entity409 . Pharmacodynamic data are conflicting. Prolonged @entity1289 inhibition is evident in @entity8 but not necessarily other disease states. @entity1289 inhibitor dosing for @entity101 is reasonable based on pharmacokinetics and EC50 values. Further individualization of therapy may improve outcomes, and using the threshold AUC/EC50 ratio may help guide appropriate dosing.

title: Impact of disease states on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal and hepatic impairment', 'renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic impairment']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity788 ( @entity788 ) is a distinct clinical entity in which an autoimmune mechanism may be involved in pathogenesis. AIM: To investigate salivary gland function in addition to pancreatic endocrine and exocrine function in @entity1 with @entity788 , and to determine changes occurring after @entity134 therapy. METHODOLOGY: Fasting serum @entity413 levels, oral @entity413 tolerance tests or glycosylated hemoglobin values were examined in 19 @entity1 with @entity788 . @entity17163 excretion test, sialochemistry and parotid gland scintigraphy were performed in 8 @entity1 . RESULTS: Eight @entity1 had evidence of @entity3918 . @entity134 therapy subsequently improved insulin secretion and glycemic control in 3 of 5 @entity1 treated. Pancreatic exocrine function was reduced in 88% of @entity1 . Impaired pancreatic exocrine function improved after @entity134 therapy in 3 of 6 @entity1 treated. The 3 @entity1 also showed treatment-related improvement in endocrine function. Concentration of @entity2262 in saliva was significantly raised in @entity1 with @entity788 compared with controls (P < 0.05). Ratio of cumulative peak count to injected radionuclide and washout ratio in parotid scintigraphy in @entity1 with @entity788 was significantly lower than those of controls (P < 0.01). Salivary gland dysfunction improved after @entity134 therapy in all 5 @entity1 treated. CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatic endocrine and exocrine and salivary gland function were frequently impaired in @entity1 with @entity788 , and @entity134 therapy was occasionally effective for these dysfunctions.

title: Pancreatic endocrine and exocrine function and salivary gland function in XXXX before and after @entity134 therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmune pancreatitis', 'AIP']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity17163 :: ('MESH:C006717', 'Chemical') :: ['N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['autoimmune pancreatitis']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the feasibility of dose escalation using rapid arc (RA) and @entity499 ( @entity499 ) for @entity1 with upper, @entity418 , even for large @entity5 volumes. BACKGROUND: In @entity418 , for @entity1 with exclusive radio-chemotherapy, local disease control remains poor. Planning study with dose escalation was done for two sophisticated modulated radiotherapy techniques: Rapid arc against Tomotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six @entity1 treated with a RA simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) of 60  Gy were re-planned for RA and @entity499 techniques with a SIB dose escalated to 70  Gy. Dose volume histogram statistics, conformity indices and homogeneity indices were analyzed. For a given set of normal tissue constraints, the capability of each treatment modality to increase the @entity33810 dose to 70  Gy was investigated. RESULTS: Either @entity499 or VMAT may be used to escalate the dose delivered in @entity5 while maintaining the spinal cord, lung and heart doses within tolerance. Adequate target coverage was achieved by both techniques. Typically, @entity499 achieved better lung sparing and @entity343 coverage than did RA. CONCLUSIONS: Dose escalation for @entity418 becomes clinically feasible with the use of RA and @entity499 . This promising result could be explored in a carefully controlled clinical study which considered normal tissue complications and @entity5 control as endpoints.

title: Is dose escalation achievable for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity499 :: ('MESH:C536217', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'Helical Tomotherapy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'esophageal tumors']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'middle and distal esophageal carcinomas']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gaze direction provides important information about social attention, and @entity1 tend to reflexively orient in the direction others are gazing. Perceiving the gaze of others relies on the integration of multiple social cues, which include perceptual information related to the eyes, gaze direction, head position, and body orientation of others. @entity2438 spectrum conditions (ASC) are characterised by @entity51 , including atypical gaze behaviour. The @entity51 may emerge from a reliance on perceptual information involving details and features, at the expense of more holistic processing, which includes the integration of features. While @entity1 with ASC are often able to physically compute gaze direction and show intact reflexive orienting to others' gaze, they show deficits in reading mental states from the eyes. METHODS: The present study recruited 23 adult males with a diagnosis of ASC and 23 adult males without ASC as a control group. They were tested using a spatial cuing paradigm involving head and body cues in a photograph of a @entity1 followed by a laterally presented target. The task manipulated the orientation of head with respect to body orientation to test subsequent shifts of attention in observers. RESULTS: The results replicated previous findings showing facilitated shifts of attention by the healthy control @entity1 toward laterally presented targets cued by a congruently rotated head combined with a front view of a body. In contrast, the ASC group showed facilitated orienting to targets when both the head and body were rotated towards the target. CONCLUSIONS: The findings reveal atypical integration of social cues in ASC for orienting of attention. This is suggested to reflect abnormalities in cognitive and neural mechanisms specialized for processing of social cues for attention orienting in ASC.

title: Atypical integration of social cues for orienting to gaze direction in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['social-emotional deficits', 'social and emotional deficits']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity281 and @entity32 have been implicated in the aetiology of @entity715 cerebral events, particularly in younger @entity1 . We decided to determine whether those @entity1 with raised D-dimer levels, indicating continuing @entity715 and fibrinolysis, had evidence of concurrent @entity32 as manifested by a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) measured after an ischaemic @entity64 ( @entity64 ). METHODS: One hundred and forty-eight @entity1 who had suffered either single or recurrent cerebrovascular episodes were analysed. The @entity1 were referred to the @entity715 and haemostasis unit at Johannesburg Hospital for evaluation of their @entity715 profiles, including D-dimer levels. Concurrent @entity281 was assessed by measurement of white cell count (WCC) and ESR. The variable time interval between the date of the most recent cerebrovascular event and the date of venesection was determined. A history was taken, a physical and neurological examination was performed, and a cardiology assessment and neuroimaging studies were done. RESULTS: Raised D-dimer levels correlated significantly with ESR levels (p = 0.0094) in all @entity1 . This was particularly evident when comparing the 70 younger @entity1 (aged less than 45 years) with the 78 older @entity1 (> 45 years) with raised D-dimers (p = 0.0070). When analysing other markers of @entity32 / @entity281 in association with raised D-dimer levels and ESR, mean fibrinogen levels were significantly raised at 6.56 g/l (p = 0.0122). An elevated WCC, as a categorical variable, was significantly associated with an elevated ESR (p = 0.0092). CONCLUSION: There is a significant correlation between elevated D-dimer levels (indicating @entity854 and fibrinolysis) and markers of inflammatory and/or infective processes. This is particularly evident in black @entity1 below the age of 45 years. These @entity1 are believed to be at decreased risk for generalised @entity66 compared with older white @entity1 . The ramifications of these findings are potentially important with regard to @entity715 aetiology, investigation, management and prevention.

title: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate as a marker of @entity32 in XXXX and transient ischaemic attack.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'infection or inflammation']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke/transient ischaemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of coagulation']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic', 'thrombotic cerebrovascular disease']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In acute @entity385 , a transient elevation of blood pressure is common; its significance and its relationship with the neurological outcome are still unclear. METHODS: In 71 consecutive @entity1 with acute @entity385 , aged 25-94 years, admitted to our unit, we investigated the relationships between the blood pressure variation during the first 24 h and mortality at 3 months (study endpoint). Neurological status was assessed with the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale. Blood pressure was measured with bedside noninvasive blood pressure monitoring every 15 min. The mean of four measurements at the emergency department and the mean of 12 measures (during a 3-h interval) at 12 and at 24 h after @entity64 onset were considered for analysis. Antihypertensive treatment was given in accordance with the Recommendations for @entity64 Management of @entity64 Initiative. RESULTS: In the whole series, 21% were atherothrombotic, 32% cardioembolic, 34% lacunar, and 13% of unknown or other cause. Blood pressure was 160+ or -3/86+ or -2 mmHg at the emergency department, 148+ or -3/82+ or -2 mmHg at 12 h, and 147+ or -3/81+ or -2 mmHg at 24 h (P<0.05). Four @entity1 (11%) of those in whom mean blood pressure decreased >5 mmHg, and 12 (33%) of the others, in whom mean blood pressure decreased < or =5 mmHg or did not decrease, reached the endpoint (P<0.05). According to the multivariate @entity797 model, NIHSS score at the emergency department (95% confidence interval: 1.025-1.238, P=0.013) and age (95% confidence interval: 1.007-1.259, P=0.038) were predictors of reaching the endpoint, whereas mean blood pressure reduction 24 h after @entity64 onset had a protective effect (95% confidence interval: 0.845-0.995, P=0.038). @entity6 , mean blood pressure at the emergency department and the need for antihypertensive therapy did not correlate with the outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Noninvasive blood pressure monitoring during the first 24 h of acute @entity385 may be useful in the prognostic stratification by showing moderate blood pressure decrease, either spontaneous or drug induced, which is associated with a favorable prognosis at 3 months.

title: Blood pressure in acute XXXX and mortality: a study with noninvasive blood pressure monitoring.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke', 'European Stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']