abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and the practicability of the @entity981 ( @entity981 ) protocol in treating childhood @entity981 ( @entity981 ). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 47 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity981 between July 2003 and August 2013 was performed. These @entity1 were treated by the @entity981 protocol. Survival was evaluated by Kaplan Meier analysis and Log-Rank test. RESULTS: Relapse-related @entity204 occurred in 12 of 47 @entity1 (26%), and 5 of 47 @entity1 (11%) were treatment-related mortality. Five-year probability of event-free-survival (pEFS) was 62%. @entity1 with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) after chemotherapy achieved significantly better pEFS than those with chemotherapy alone (77% vs 52%; P=0.035). The @entity1 who were only poor responders to @entity229 had a better outcome (5-year pEFS 80%) than the Days 15 and 33 bone marrow M3 subgroups (5-year pEFS 60% and 0 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity981 protocol can improve the outcome of @entity1 with high-risk ALL. The major cause of @entity204 is attributed to relapse. Chemotherapy plus HSCT can produce a better outcome than chemotherapy alone. The Days 15 and 33 bone marrow M3 subgroups have a poor prognosis.

title: [Outcome of childhood @entity981 treated with the XXXX protocol].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Berlin-Frankfurt-M  nster 95', 'high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia', 'ALL-BFM 95', 'HR-ALL']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['ALL-BFM 95']


abstract: The role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in the @entity3697 following @entity63 and reperfusion is still controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate whether small numbers of PMN may cause @entity296 in an isolated system, how the resulting loss of function can be characterized and whether the formation of @entity9784 ( @entity9785 ) can be responsible for the PMN-mediated effect. Isolated working @entity840 hearts were subjected to a 90% reduction of coronary flow for 30 min, with or without intracoronary infusion of homologous PMN (approximately 1-2 x 10(5) cells/min, i.e. about 5-10% of normal blood count). This @entity63 was followed by a 15 min reflow period in a non-working ("Langendorff") mode before work was resumed. In hearts perfused only with buffer, post- @entity519 heart function recovered to 75-80% of the initial value. Inclusion of unstimulated PMN did not further attenuate cardiac function. However, cardiac output was decreased to 42% of the initial value, provided thrombin (0.3 U/ml) and @entity274 (10(-5) M) were also present, and the retained PMN (about 10% of those infused) were additionally stimulated during reflow by application of FMLP (10(-6) M for 1 min). In these instances, coronary flow at any time of the experiment and release of @entity880 or purines during @entity63 and reflow did not differ significantly between hearts perfused with or without PMN. There was no substantial release of @entity61556 in controls and in PMN-treated hearts. Inotropic stimulation of the hearts with @entity1063 or exogenous @entity141 caused a sustained increase in contractile force. However, the response was significantly reduced in PMN-perfused hearts in comparison to control hearts. The myocardial contents of high-energy phosphates with and without inotropic stimulation proved to be identical irrespective of whether experiments had been performed in the absence or presence of PMN. A similar loss of myocardial function as mediated by PMN could be produced by infusing chemically generated @entity9784 ( @entity9785 , 5 x 10(-7) M for 10 min). Strikingly, that portion of the infused @entity9785 which actually reacted with cardiac tissue was comparable to the amount shown to be generated by stimulating 10(6) PMN retained in the coronary system (about 7 nmoles). Supplementing the perfusate with the scavengers @entity1853 (10(-4) M) or @entity414 (5 x 10(-4) M) prevented the attenuation of heart function provoked by PMN. The results indicate that small numbers of PMN, sufficiently activated, can depress cardiac function after 30 min of @entity63 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Postischemic dysfunction of the heart induced by small numbers of neutrophils via formation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9784 :: ('MESH:D006997', 'Chemical') :: ['hypochlorous acid']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['L-methionine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3697 :: ('MESH:D006335', 'Disease') :: ['injury of the heart']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity9784 :: (MESH:D006997,Chemical) :: ['hypochlorous acid']


abstract: Abstract The effect of hyperbaric @entity26 treatment (HBO) on sensory axon regeneration was examined in the @entity35 . The sciatic nerve was crushed in both legs. In addition, the distal stump of the sural nerve on one side was made acellular and its blood perfusion was compromised by freezing and thawing. Two experimental groups received hyperbaric exposures (2.5 ATA) to either compressed air ( @entity4095 = 0.5 ATA) or 100% @entity26 ( @entity4095 = 2.5 ATA) 90 minutes per day for 6 days. Sensory axon regeneration in the sural nerve was thereafter assessed by the nerve pinch test and immunohistochemical reaction to neurofilament. HBO treatment increased the distances reached by the fastest regenerating sensory axons by about 15% in the distal nerve segments with preserved and with compromised blood perfusion. There was no significant difference between the @entity35 treated with different @entity26 tensions. The total number of regenerated axons in the distal sural nerve segments after a simple crush injury was not affected, whereas in the nerve segments with compromised blood perfusion treated by the higher @entity4095 , the axon number was about 30% lower than that in the control group. It is concluded that the beneficial effect of HBO on sensory axon regeneration is not dose-dependent between 0.5 and 2.5 ATA @entity4095 . Although the exposure to 2.5 ATA of @entity4095 moderately enhanced early regeneration of the fastest sensory axons, it decreased the number of regenerating axons in the injured nerves with compromised blood perfusion of the @entity9 .

title: The effect of hyperbaric XXXX treatment on early regeneration of sensory axons after nerve crush in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['distal nerve stump']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS:: @entity2390 reduces splanchnic blood flow and is effective in @entity360 ( @entity360 ) due to portal @entity101 . Monthly long-acting octreotide (OCT- @entity8800 ) with an efficacy and safety profile similar to subcutaneous daily administration, presents an attractive option for long-term therapy. We report our experience with OCT- @entity8800 for severe/recurrent @entity360 in @entity1 with portal @entity101 secondary to chronic @entity409 or @entity715 who were unresponsive to standard interventions. @entity1 AND METHODS:: 9 @entity1 , 7 males, who received OCT- @entity8800 between 2000 and 2009 were studied retrospectively (median age at first @entity548 21 months; range, 1 month-14.5 yrs). The dose (2.5 to 20mg intramuscularly monthly) was extrapolated from that used in adult @entity5 (10-60mg/month). Response to treatment was assessed by comparing number of @entity548 events, hospital admissions for @entity548 and number of blood units required during the year before and year after starting OCT- @entity8800 . RESULTS:: OCT- @entity8800 led to a reduction in the number of @entity548 episodes in all @entity1 , and to cessation of @entity548 in 7. Two @entity1 listed for transplantation because of severe @entity360 were removed from the list. No serious side effects immediately attributable to OCT- @entity8800 were observed. One @entity1 developed @entity2338 and @entity1375 during a prolonged period of treatment with subcutaneous @entity2390 before commencing OCT- @entity8800 . CONCLUSION:: OCT- @entity8800 can control severe intractable recurrent @entity360 in @entity1 with portal @entity101 . Prospective randomized controlled trials and pharmacokinetic studies are indicated to establish the optimum dose and length of treatment of OCT- @entity8800 and to confirm its efficacy and long-term safety in @entity1 .

title: Successful Use of Long-Acting Octreotide for Intractable Chronic Gastrointestinal Bleeding in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['growth hormone deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'acute bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumours']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide', 'Octreotide']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['portal vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['GIB', 'gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study compared the efficacy and safety between 120-W thulium:yttrium- @entity3775 -garnet (Tm:YAG) vapoenucleation of prostates (ThuVEP) and holmium laser enucleation of prostates (HoLEP) for @entity1 with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 88 consecutive @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1067 was carried out, who underwent either 120-W ThuVEP or HoLEP nonrandomly. @entity1 demographics and peri-operative and 12-month follow-up data were analyzed with the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL) score, maximum flow rate (Qmax), postvoid residual urine volume (PVR), and rates of peri-operative and late complications. RESULTS: The @entity1 in each group showed no significant difference in preoperative parameters. Compared with the HoLEP group, @entity1 in the 120-W ThuVEP group required significantly shorter time for laser enucleation (58.3    12.8 min vs. 70.5    22.3 min, P = 0.003), and resulted in a significant superiority in laser efficiency (resected prostate weight/laser enucleation time) for 120-W Tm:YAG laser compared to @entity23008 :YAG laser (0.69    0.18 vs. 0.61    0.19, P = 0.048). During 1, 6, and 12 months of follow-ups, the procedures did not demonstrate a significant difference in IPSS, QoL score, Qmax, or PVR (P > 0.05). Mean peri-operative decrease of hemoglobin in the HoLEP group was similar to the ThuVEP group (17.1    12.0 g/L vs. 15.2    10.1 g/L, P = 0.415). Early and late incidences of complications were low and did not differ significantly between the two groups of 120-W ThuVEP and HoLEP @entity1 (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: 120-W ThuVEP and HoLEP are potent, safe and efficient modalities of minimally invasive surgeries for @entity1 with LUTS due to @entity1067 . Compared with HoLEP, 120-W ThuVEP offers advantages of reduction of laser enucleation time and improvement of laser efficiency.

title: Efficacy and Safety of 120-W Thulium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Vapoenucleation of Prostates Compared with XXXX Laser Enucleation of Prostates for @entity1067 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

answer: @entity23008 :: (MESH:D006695,Chemical) :: ['Holmium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conflicting evidence currently exists regarding the causes and effects of delay of care in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). We hypothesized that delayed surgery in early-stage @entity1149 is associated with worse short-term and long-term outcomes. METHODS: Treatment data of clinical stage I @entity1149 @entity1 undergoing surgical resection were obtained from the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB). Treatment delay was defined as resection 8 weeks or more after diagnosis. Propensity score matching for @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics was performed to create comparable groups of @entity1 receiving early (less than 8 weeks from diagnosis) and delayed surgery. Multivariable regression models were fitted to evaluate variables influencing delay of surgery. RESULTS: From 1998 to 2010, 39,995 @entity1 with clinical stage I @entity1149 received early surgery, while 15,658 @entity1  received delayed surgery. Of these, 27,022 propensity-matched @entity1 were identified. Those with a delay in care were more likely to be pathologically upstaged (18.3% stage 2 or higher versus 16.6%, p < 0.001), have an increased 30-day mortality (2.9% vs 2.4%, p  = 0.01), and have decreased median survival (57.7    1.0 months versus 69.2    1.3 months, p < 0.001). Delay in surgery was associated with increasing age, non-white race, treatment at an academic center, urban location, income less than  35,000, and increasing Charlson comorbidity score (p < 0.0001 for all). Delayed @entity1 were more likely to receive a sublobar resection (17.2% vs 13.1%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 receiving delayed resection for clinical stage I @entity1149 have higher comorbidity scores that may affect ability to perform lobectomy and result in higher perioperative mortality. However, delay in resection is independently associated with increased rates of upstaging and decreased median survival. Strategies to minimize delay while medically optimizing higher risk @entity1 are needed.

title: Effects of Delayed Surgical Resection on Short-Term and Long-Term Outcomes in Clinical Stage I XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previously, we have shown that withdrawal of @entity101 ( @entity101 ) as a single intervention reduces falls incidence. Improvement of mobility may be an important factor in this finding and we therefore tested whether mobility tests improved after FRID withdrawal. METHODS: In a prospective cohort study of 137 geriatric outpatients (age 77.7 +/- 5.7 years), @entity101 were withdrawn in all fallers, if possible, between April 2003 and November 2004. All @entity1 underwent mobility testing at baseline, including a 10m @entity4464 ( @entity4464 ), Timed 'Up _ Go' Test (TUGT), Functional Reach Test (FRT), isometric quadriceps femoris muscle strength and a body sway test. Retesting occurred at a mean follow-up of 6.7 months. The effect of FRID withdrawal (discontinuation or dose reduction) on test outcomes was calculated using both multivariate linear and binary logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: In the group of fallers with FRID withdrawal all mobility tests improved, as opposed to @entity3257 without FRID withdrawal. After adjustment for confounders, the odds ratio of no improvement was 0.14 (95% CI 0.03, 0.59) for the TUGT, 0.19 (95% CI 0.04, 0.86) for the 10m @entity4464 , 0.48 (95% CI 0.14, 1.57) for the FRT, 0.46 (95% CI 0.14, 1.48) for the quadriceps strength test and 0.49 (95% CI 0.15, 1.62) for the body sway test. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that FRID withdrawal may be effective as a single intervention in a geriatric setting. In addition to reducing falls (as shown in our previous study), FRID withdrawal significantly improved 10m @entity4464 and TUGT results over a mean follow-up period of 6.7 months. These tests may therefore be useful tools for monitoring the clinical effect of FRID withdrawal.

title: Withdrawal of @entity101 in older XXXX : effect on mobility test outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4464 :: ('MESH:D013009', 'Disease') :: ['WT', 'walking test']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['non-fallers and fallers']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['FRIDs', 'fall-risk-increasing drugs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: @entity11530 ( @entity11530 ), a repetitive @entity74 , is underrepresented in the clinical literature. The current project explores the relationship between affective regulation and disordered @entity42639 . Previous research suggests that cycles of emotional states are correlated with the disorder and may induce, reinforce, or otherwise contribute to @entity42639 behavior. We use anonymous internet survey responses from 1162 self-identified hair-pullers to address four questions about affective regulation in @entity1 with @entity11530 : (1) Do hair-pullers experience greater difficulty "snapping out" of affective states than non-pullers? (2) Does difficulty with emotional control correlate with @entity11530 severity? (3) Are subtypes identifiable based on the emotions that trigger @entity42639 behavior? (4) Does difficulty "snapping out" of an emotion predict whether that emotion triggers pulling behavior? The results showed a small-to-moderate relationship between affective regulation and problematic @entity42639 . In addition, individual patterns of emotion regulation were systematically related to emotional cues for @entity42639 as well as overall @entity42639 severity. These findings contribute to an understanding of the phenomenology of @entity11530 and provide empirical support for treatments focused on affect regulation.

title: Affective regulation in XXXX : Evidence from a large-scale internet survey.

entities_list: @entity11530 :: ('MESH:D014256', 'Disease') :: ['TTM', 'Trichotillomania']

entities_list: @entity42639 :: ('MESH:D006201', 'Disease') :: ['hair-pulling']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hair-pulling disorder']

answer: @entity11530 :: (MESH:D014256,Disease) :: ['trichotillomania']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of detecting and measuring @entity354 ( @entity354 ) with esophageal MR fluoroscopy in @entity1 suffering from heartburn. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with heartburn underwent esophageal MR fluoroscopy. The T1-FFE sequence was applied for MR imaging. We examined the frequency and the level of @entity354 on MR images. Based on the MRI observations, @entity1 were classified into four MRI grades (grade 1-4). Endoscopic findings were categorized into five grades (grade 0 to D). The overall MRI grade, Carlsson's questionnaire score, and endoscopic findings were compared. RESULTS: @entity354 was observed with MR fluoroscopy in 19 of 20 @entity1 . @entity354 was observed only several times in three @entity1 , and much more frequently in the remaining 16 @entity1 . Elevated levels of @entity354 reached the lower, middle-to-upper esophagus, and the hypopharynx. The observed MRI grades were grade 1 = 1 @entity1 , grade 2 = 3 @entity1 , grade 3 = 2 @entity1 , and grade 4 = 13 @entity1 . There was no statistical correlation between the questionnaire score and the MRI grade. Also, there was no correlation between the grade of endoscopic findings and MRI grade. Six @entity1 demonstrated continuous reflux on MRI did not show @entity3137 at endoscopy. CONCLUSION: Esophageal MR fluoroscopy may be a useful diagnostic tool for @entity354 for its ability to show @entity354 , even in @entity1 with no @entity3137 , and for suggesting the cause of the reflux.

title: Observation of XXXX by MRI: a feasibility study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal injury']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-esophageal reflux', 'GER', 'GERD']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastro-esophageal reflux']


abstract: The urotensin II (UII) family is currently known to consist of two paralogous peptides, namely UII and @entity59962 ( @entity59962 ). In contrast to UII, which has been identified in all vertebrate classes so far, @entity59962 has only been characterized in tetrapods. We report here the occurrence of two distinct @entity59962 genes in teleosts, which we have named @entity59963 and @entity59964 . Synteny analysis revealed that teleost @entity59963 and @entity59964 genes and tetrapod @entity59962 genes represent three distinct paralog genes that, together with the UII gene, probably arose from the two rounds of tetraploidization, which took place early in vertebrate evolution. The absence of @entity59962 in fish indicates that the corresponding gene has been lost in the teleost lineage, whereas it is likely that both the @entity59963 and @entity59964 genes have been lost in the tetrapod lineage. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the @entity59964 gene is mainly expressed in the spinal cord and the brain in adult @entity3392 . In situ hybridization experiments showed that in @entity3392 embryos, @entity59964 mRNA-containing cells are located in the floor plate of the neural tube. In adult, @entity59964 -expressing cells occur in close contact with the ventral side of the ependymal canal along the whole spinal cord, whereas in the brain, they are located below the fourth ventricle. These @entity59962 -expressing cells may correspond to cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons. In conclusion, our study reveals the occurrence of four distinct UII paralogous systems in vertebrates that may exert distinct functions, both in tetrapods and teleosts.

title: Occurrence of two distinct urotensin II-related peptides in XXXX provides new insight into the evolutionary history of the urotensin II gene family.

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic properties of wide-field fundus autofluorescence (FAF) scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) imaging for differentiating @entity66 . METHODS: A consecutive series of 139 @entity1 were included, 101 had established @entity320 with 13 untreated lesions and 98 treated with radiotherapy. Thirty-eight had @entity3193 . All @entity1 underwent a full ophthalmological examination, undilated wide-field imaging, FAF and standardized US examination. FAF images and imaging characteristics from SLO were correlated with the structural findings in the two @entity1 groups. RESULTS: Mean FAF intensity of @entity320 was significantly lower than the FAF of @entity3193 . Only 1 out of 38 included eyes with nevi touched the optic disc compared to 31 out of 101 eyes with @entity320 . In 18 out of 101 @entity320 subretinal fluid was seen at the @entity66 compared to none seen in eyes with confirmed @entity3193 . In "green laser separation", a trend towards more mixed FAF appearance of @entity320 compared to nevi was observed. The mean maximal and minimal transverse and longitudinal diameters of @entity320 were significantly higher than those of nevi. CONCLUSION: Wide-field SLO and FAF imaging may be an appropriate non-invasive diagnostic screening tool to differentiate benign from malign pigmented @entity66 .

title: Role of wide-field autofluorescence imaging and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy in differentiation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas', 'choroidal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal lesions', 'choroidal pigmented lesions', 'pigmented lesion']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal nevi']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['choroidal pigmented lesions']


abstract: The araA gene, encoding @entity4583 isomerase (AI), from the thermophilic bacterium @entity59117 was cloned and expressed in @entity526 . Recombinant AI was isolated with a final purity of about 97% and a final specific activity of 2.10 U/mg. The molecular mass of the purified AI was estimated to be about 230 kDa to be a tetramer composed of identical subunits. The AI exhibited maximum activity at 70 degrees C and pH 8.5 in the presence of @entity3281 . The enzyme was stable at temperatures below 60 degrees C and within the pH range 7.5-8.0. @entity3649 and @entity4583 as substrate were isomerized with high activities. @entity59118 was the strongest competitive inhibitor of AI with a Ki of 5.5mM. The apparent Km and Vmax for @entity4583 were 142 mM and 86 U/mg, respectively, whereas those for @entity3649 were 408 mM and 6.9 U/mg, respectively. The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) was 48 mM(-1)min(-1) for @entity4583 and 0.5mM(-1)min(-1) for @entity3649 . @entity3281 was a competitive activator and increased the thermal stability of the AI. The @entity16568 yield produced by AI from @entity3649 was 46% without the addition of @entity3281 and 48% with @entity3281 after 300 min at 65 degrees C.

title: Purification and characterization of an XXXX isomerase from an isolated strain of @entity59117 producing @entity16568 .

entities_list: @entity4583 :: ('MESH:D001089', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arabinose', 'l-arabinose']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['d-galactose', 'D-galactose', 'd-Galactose']

entities_list: @entity59117 :: ('33940', 'Species') :: ['Geobacillus thermodenitrificans']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity4583 :: (MESH:D001089,Chemical) :: ['L-arabinose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infiximab has been shown to be highly effective in phase III clinical trials, but limited information is available regarding drug survival and maintenance of efficacy beyond 1 year in real-life clinical setting. OBJECTIVES: To analyse the efficacy and safety of infliximab in a large number of @entity1 with a long follow-up and to identify clinical factors associated with long-term drug survival. METHODS: A retrospective review of @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity1569 treated with infliximab from March 2004 to August 2012 at a tertiary dermatology centre was carried out. RESULTS: In total, 63 treatment courses with infliximab were administered to 56 @entity1 . The mean duration of treatment was 31.6 months. The only significant positive predictor of drug survival was combination treatment [hazard ratio (HR) vs. monotherapy 2.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42   5.92]. Significant negative predictors of drug survival were @entity28 (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.19   0.87) and infusion reactions (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.19   0.87). Infusion reactions occurred in 13 (23%) of our @entity1 and were a reason for discontinuation of treatment in 5. CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective review of a cohort of @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity1569 treated with infliximab in daily practice shows that the PASI75 response rates at 24 and 52 weeks of treatment are similar to those of the pivotal studies, but 37 courses of treatment (59%) had to be discontinued after a median of 12 months. The major cause for discontinuation was loss of response, in 18 cases. Combination treatment, @entity28 and infusion reactions were found to be predictors of drug survival.

title: Long-term study of infliximab for @entity1569 in daily practice: drug survival depends on combined treatment, XXXX and infusion reactions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: The majority of fibroblasts in alveolar septa are characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic bundles of microfilaments that contain cytoplasmic actin isoforms; these cells have been named contractile interstitial cells or V-type myofibroblasts. In the @entity35 , they express @entity10944 as intermediate filament protein. In this study, we explored the possibility that modulation and replication of such septal fibroblasts result in the appearance of alpha-smooth muscle (alpha-SM) actin-positive myofibroblasts, typical of @entity82 . @entity3794 was produced by a unique intratracheal instillation of @entity1732 to 28 @entity35 . Eight additional @entity35 used as controls received the equivalent volume of saline. @entity982 and frozen sections of lungs were examined at days 1, 3, 5 and 7 after treatment. Microfilaments and intermediate filaments were stained using antibodies against total actin, alpha-SM actin, @entity10944 , @entity7229 , keratin, and SM myosin. Electron microscopic labeling of @entity10944 and alpha-SM actin using immunogold technique was done on Lowicryl K4M resin-embedded specimens. alpha-SM actin appeared in @entity10944 -positive alveolar fibroblasts as early as 24 hours after intratracheal @entity1732 instillation; the modulation of alpha-SM actin in these cells was preceded by a lymphomonocytic infiltration of alveolar septa. Twenty-four hours to 3 days after @entity1732 administration, a proliferation of @entity133 occurred. @entity82 with laying down of collagen fibers took place after the above mentioned cellular modifications. Our results support the view that septal fibroblastic cells can modulate into typical alpha-SM actin-containing myofibroblasts during experimental @entity1732 -induced @entity3794 . In such a modulation a possible role of cytokines, particularly of transforming growth factor-beta, is considered.

title: @entity35 @entity133 acquire alpha-smooth muscle actin expression during @entity1732 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['lung fibrosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis', 'Experimental pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar myofibroblasts']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity3794 :: (MESH:D011658,Disease) :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Tegaserod is a selective @entity750 receptor (5-HT(4)) agonist that relieves @entity4423 symptoms associated with @entity1142 . Here we explore its effects on @entity2210 symptoms and heartburn during continued proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment. METHODS: In this multicenter pilot study, following a 2-week screening/baseline period, @entity1 with @entity2210 and persisting heartburn treated with PPIs received add-on open-label tegaserod 6 mg twice daily (bid) for 4 weeks. Treatment responders were then randomized 1:1 to continue double-blind tegaserod or placebo therapy for 6 weeks. Efficacy variables included the proportion of days with satisfactory relief of @entity2210 symptoms (early satiety, postprandial fullness and bloating) as well as the change in individual symptom severity scores for these three @entity2210 . Health-related quality of life was evaluated using a validated questionnaire, the @entity2210 Index. Adverse events (AEs) were monitored. RESULTS: Of 101 @entity1 enrolled, 71 completed open-label treatment, and 70 responders were randomized to double-blind treatment. The proportion of days with satisfactory relief of @entity2210 symptoms (least squares mean, LSM) increased with tegaserod and placebo, to 0.69 and 0.62, respectively at study end (P = 0.366). Similarly, both groups showed improvements in the composite daily symptom severity score (overall LSM change from baseline of 1.55 and 1.57, P = 0.934), and the @entity2210 Index (overall LSM change of -39.0 and -37.8, P = 0.537). Tegaserod was well tolerated. @entity294 was the most common AE (8.1% tegaserod, 0% placebo). There were no serious AEs or @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: A significant treatment effect was not demonstrated in this study using a treatment-withdrawal methodology. In future studies of @entity2210 @entity1 with heartburn, a more rigorous parallel-group study design should be considered.

title: Exploratory Study of Tegaserod for Dyspepsia in XXXX Receiving PPIs for Heartburn.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['Nepean Dyspepsia', 'cardinal dyspepsia symptoms', 'functional dyspepsia', 'dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity4423 :: ('MESH:D015154', 'Disease') :: ['dysmotility']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Social interactions can influence the experience and impact of @entity1118 . @entity1 and adolescents expectations of how others respond to them could therefore influence their adjustment to @entity158 . This study examined how @entity1 and adolescents expected their peers and teachers would react to classmates with @entity1118 . METHODS: 211 school @entity1 participated in this study. We presented each @entity1 1 of 4 vignettes that described a @entity1 or a @entity1 who did or did not have @entity1118 . @entity1 were then asked to describe how they think other @entity1 and their teachers would react to the @entity1 depicted in the vignette with respect to solicitous, discouraging, and coping responses. RESULTS: Discouraging responses from peers and teachers were viewed as being relatively unlikely. However, both coping and solicitous responses-the latter being a response known to be linked to increased @entity158 and disability in @entity1 and adults-were viewed by the participating @entity1 as being relatively likely. Moreover, the expected likelihood of solicitous responses from teachers was thought to be even more probable for @entity1 and adolescents with @entity1118 than for those without @entity1118 . DISCUSSION: The results of this study have important practical implications, given the well-known importance of significant other's responses to @entity1118 problems. Further research is needed to understand how social interactions at school may influence functioning of @entity1 with @entity1118 and their development. This information could provide an important empirical basis for determining how best to manage individuals wth @entity1118 problems in the school setting.

title: Student Expectations of Peer and Teacher Reactions to Students With XXXX : Implications for Improving Pain-related Functioning.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'participant', 'Children', 'Participants', 'boy', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['Chronic Pain']


abstract: Testing the clinical efficacy of drugs that also have important side effects on locomotion needs to be properly designed in order to avoid erroneous identification of positive effects when the evaluation depends on motor-related tests. One such example is the evaluation of analgesic role of drugs that act on dopaminergic receptors, since the @entity158 perception tests used in animal models are based on motor responses that can also be compromised by the same substances. The apparent analgesic effect obtained by modulation of the dopaminergic system is still a highly disputed topic. There is a lack of acceptance of this effect in both preclinical and clinical settings, despite several studies showing that D2/3 agonists induce antinociception. Some authors raised the hypothesis that this antinociceptive effect is enhanced by @entity935 -related changes in voluntary initiation of movement. However, the extent to which D2/3 modulation changes locomotion at analgesic effective doses is still an unresolved question. In the present work, we performed a detailed dose-dependent analysis of the changes that D2/3 systemic modulation have on @entity2915 and response to four separate tests of both thermal and mechanical @entity158 sensitivity in adult @entity35 . Using systemic administration of the @entity935 D2/3 receptor agonist @entity11640 , and of the D2/3 antagonist @entity11641 , we found that modulation of D2/3 receptors impairs locomotion and exploratory activity in a dose-dependent manner across the entire range of tested dosages. None of the drugs were able to consistently diminish either thermal or mechanical @entity158 perception when administered at lower concentrations; on the other hand, the larger concentrations of @entity11641 (0.5-1.0 mg/kg) strongly abolished @entity158 responses, and also caused severe @entity73 . Our results show that administration of both agonists and antagonists of dopaminergic D2/3 receptors affects sensorimotor behaviors, with the effect over locomotion and exploratory activity being stronger than the observed effect over @entity158 responses.

title: Effect of Motor Impairment on Analgesic Efficacy of XXXX D2/3 Receptors in a @entity35 Model of Neuropathy.

entities_list: @entity11640 :: ('MESH:D019257', 'Chemical') :: ['quinpirole']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairment']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary locomotor activity']

entities_list: @entity11641 :: ('MESH:D020891', 'Chemical') :: ['raclopride']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: Prominent eosinophil airway @entity32 is important in the pathogenesis of @entity565 . There is increasing evidence that the disorder of eosinophil apoptosis contributes to the mechanism. But most of the studies have been done in vitro or on animal models, very few were done among the adult asthmatics in vivo. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between the apoptotic eosinophils and @entity588 in @entity748 @entity1 in vivo. METHODS: Eleven mild to moderate @entity748 @entity1 were recruited and the range of age was 7 - 14 years (9 males, 2 females), meanwhile 7 @entity1 with @entity1729 were recruited as control and the range of age was 9 - 14 years (5 males, 2 females). Before and after inhaled glucocorticoid (GC) induced sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), bronchial mucosa specimens and peripheral blood were obtained for measuring and comparing the changes of apoptotic EG(2)(+) cell by combining the techniques of TUNEL and immunohistochemistry, meanwhile the expression of @entity588 in bronchial mucosa specimens was measured by using the immunohistochemical assay. RESULTS: Before the inhalation of GC, the apoptotic EG(2)(+) cells in asthmatics were significantly lower than that in control group (P < 0.01), and the numbers of EG(2)(+) cell in asthmatics group were significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.001). After the treatment apoptotic EG(2)(+) cells in asthmatics were increased (P < 0.01), and the numbers of EG(2)(+)cell were decreased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively), FEV(1)% was increased (P < 0.05). Before the inhalation of GC, the numbers of @entity588 (+) cell in @entity748 airway submucosa were higher than that in control group (P < 0.05) but after the treatment the number of @entity588 (+) cell did not change significantly. (4) Before and after GC treatment the percentages of apoptotic eosinophils of peripheral blood in vivo had no significant changes compared with those of control subjects (P > 0.05). There was a positive correlation between apoptosis of EG(2)(+) cell in sputum, BAL, airway submucosa and FEV(1)% (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Apoptosis of EG(2)(+) cell decreased in the airway of @entity748 @entity1 and inducing @entity13991 apoptosis is one of the important mechanism of inhaled GC therapy for @entity565 .

title: [Eosinophils apoptosis in XXXX @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['lower respiratory infection']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the pharmacology of the @entity5402 -induced changes of phospholipase C (PLC) activity and intracellular @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) in cultured @entity1 ciliary muscle cells. METHODS: Changes in PLC activity of cultured @entity1 ciliary muscle cells were determined by production of @entity7256 . Single-cell dynamic fluorescence ratio imaging was used to determine [ @entity141 ]i. RESULTS: @entity5402 , @entity5592 -M, @entity46152 , and @entity2134 stimulated PLC with mean EC50s of 20, 8, 17, and 2 microM, respectively. The effect of @entity5402 on PLC was partially suppressed by extracellular @entity141 depletion. This muscarinic effect was blocked by muscarinic antagonists, such as @entity3897 (apparent pKi = 9.12, nonselective for muscarinic receptor subtypes), @entity4140 (pKi = 6.76, selective for the M1 receptor subtype), @entity4139 (pKi = 9.25, selective for the @entity19291 subtypes), and fHHSiD (pKi = 7.77, selective for the M3 subtype). In [ @entity141 ]i experiments, @entity5402 increased [ @entity141 ]i transients in @entity1 ciliary muscle cells in a dose-dependent manner with a mean EC50 of 7 microM. @entity4139 was approximately 100 times more potent than @entity4140 in the inhibition of the @entity5402 -induced [ @entity141 ]i increase. [ @entity141 ]i oscillations were observed after @entity5402 stimulation and persisted after extracellular @entity141 depletion. CONCLUSIONS: Muscarinic agonists activate PLC and increase [ @entity141 ]i in cultured @entity1 ciliary muscle cells through an M3-like muscarinic receptor subtype.

title: Muscarinic effects on cellular functions in cultured XXXX ciliary muscle cells.

entities_list: @entity7256 :: ('MESH:D007295', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol phosphates']

entities_list: @entity46152 :: ('MESH:C084650', 'Chemical') :: ['aceclidine']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity5592 :: ('MESH:D010095', 'Chemical') :: ['oxotremorine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity4140 :: ('MESH:D010890', 'Chemical') :: ['pirenzepine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol', 'Carbachol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: This study assessed whether @entity1 with Colles' @entity174 can be evaluated by measurement of peripheral @entity79 ( @entity79 ) instead of the more established @entity79 technique. 205 consecutive @entity1 who had sustained a recent Colles' @entity174 were invited to attend for @entity79 measurement at the lumbar spine, hip and forearm by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) using a Hologic QDR4500C instrument. Hologic normal reference ranges were used for spine and ultradistal radius @entity79 , and the NHANES 111 reference range was used for the femoral neck. 158 @entity1 attended, of whom only 61 had a T-score below -2.5 at one of the three measured sites (84 T<-2.0, 112 T<-1.5). 36 @entity1 had @entity174 and did not undergo a forearm measurement. After excluding these @entity1 and using a T-score of -2.5 as a diagnostic threshold, a spine and hip measurement strategy missed 26% of @entity3604 @entity1 and a forearm only strategy missed 33%. If a forearm strategy is adopted, with @entity79 performed only on those @entity1 with an ultradistal radial T-score of <-1.5 and >-2.5, 27 further scans would be required and only four @entity1 with T<-2.5 at the spine or hip would be undetected. Where @entity79 measurement is performed, this should be accompanied by forearm @entity79 measurement in some @entity1 with Colles' @entity174 . A peripheral bone mineral densitometry strategy using forearm @entity79 alone will miss many individuals with @entity170 . Therefore where forearm, and probably any peripheral scanning method, only is used for @entity1 assessment there should be close liaison with an @entity79 centre with agreed joint protocols, as some @entity1 should be advised to have an additional @entity79 measurement following their peripheral @entity79 measurement.

title: Bone densitometry in the management of Colles' XXXX : which site to measure?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'bilateral forearm fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD', 'axial BMD']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: It has been demonstrated that coronary reserve (CR) is impaired in @entity101 @entity1 with @entity4346 and normal epicardial coronary arteries. The present study was undertaken in order to determine if CR returns to normal level after antihypertensive therapy in @entity1 with persistent @entity4346 , when the decrease of arterial blood pressure induces a reduction of @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ). In 26 @entity1 with normal coronary arteriography, @entity998 ( @entity998 ), LV mass (LVM) and peak systolic @entity1642 were determined on 30 degrees right anterior oblique LV angiography with simultaneous recording of LV pressure (micromanometer). Coronary flow velocity was measured with a coronary doppler catheter before and after a maximally vasodilating dose of intracoronary @entity3302 (12 mg). The study group included 6 untreated (G1) and 7 treated (G2) @entity101 @entity1 with @entity1184 , and 13 control subjects (C). The peak-to-resting coronary flow velocity ratio (P/R) and a minimal coronary vascular resistance index (MCVRI) calculated as the quotient of mean aortic pressure at peak flow velocity to peak flow velocity and mean aortic pressure at resting flow velocity to resting flow velocity were assessed. Results evidenced that in @entity101 @entity1 with @entity1184 , levels of P/R and MCVRI were similar in treated and untreated groups. Thus, in treated @entity1 P/R remained lower and MCVRI remained higher than in control subjects despite the normalization of arterial pressure that resulted in a low peak systolic @entity1642 . [table: see text] CONCLUSION: this study demonstrates that anti- @entity101 therapy does not restore a normal coronary vascular reserve in @entity1 with persistent @entity1184 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Coronary reserve in treated @entity101 with persistent XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['end-diastolic wall thickness', 'EDWT']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['LV wall stress', 'LVWS']

answer: @entity4346 :: (MESH:D017379,Disease) :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Focused parathyroidectomy has been proven to be a safe technique for the treatment of @entity302 @entity459 ( @entity459 ). The CaPTHUS scoring model has been reported to be an accurate preoperative diagnostic tool for distinguishing @entity302 ( @entity302 ) from @entity66 ( @entity66 ), including preoperative serum @entity460 and PTH values plus ultrasound and Sestamibi scanning. The purpose of the present study was to validate the CaPTHUS model for the population in southern Europe, since the North American and the European populations show different clinicopathological profiles in @entity459 . METHODS: This is a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of patients diagnosed with @entity459 who underwent surgical treatment in a single referral center. Differences between @entity302 and @entity66 groups were analyzed using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables and Student's t test for continuous variables. Overall diagnostic accuracy of the scoring model was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). A p   <   0.05 level was accepted as significant. RESULTS: From January 2001 to November 2014, 241 patients were included in the study, of whom 92.1  % had @entity302 and 71.8  % had a CaPTHUS score >= 3. @entity302 was distinguished from @entity66 (p   <   0.001) using the dichotomous scoring model based on an AUC value of 0.762. Scores >= 3 had a sensitivity of 76.5  % and a positive predictive value of 96  % for @entity302 . CONCLUSIONS: Despite good test performance, a CaPTHUS score >= 3 does not discard @entity66 definitely. Intraoperative adjuncts are still needed to further reduce the risk of missing @entity66 during selective parathyroidectomy.

title: The CaPTHUS score as predictor of multiglandular XXXX in a European population.

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism', 'PHPT']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['single-gland', 'SGD']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['MGD', 'multiglandular disease']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: Cetrorelix ( @entity8802 ) is a potent luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) antagonist and is used to prevent @entity3465 in @entity52 ( @entity52 ) procedures. The objective of the present study was to develop a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/ @entity1726 ) model for the LH suppression and LH surge delay after @entity302 ( @entity302 ) and @entity156 ( @entity156 ) of CET in healthy premenopausal @entity1 without ovarian stimulation. CET was given by subcutaneous route ( @entity302 , 0.25, 0.5, or 1 mg) on cycle day 3 and as similar multiple once-a-day doses from cycle day 3 to day 16 in two consecutive menstrual cycles. The concentration-time data of CET and LH were used for PK/ @entity1726 modeling. A two-compartment model described the PK of CET with median terminal half-life estimates of 9.2 and 54.5 hours after @entity302 and @entity156 , respectively. An indirect-response Emax model was used to describe the LH suppression and the LH surge delay. LH suppression was linked to plasma concentrations of CET, while the delay in the LH surge was linked to the PK of CET through a hypothetical effect compartment. Since the @entity302 regimen on day 3 did not cause significant delay, these values were used as controls in the analysis of surge delay in @entity156 data. The IC50 (for suppression) estimate was 0.73 ng/ml for @entity302 , and EC50 (surge delay) was 1.42 ng/ml for @entity156 . The PK/ @entity1726 model adequately described the LH suppression and the surge delay.

title: Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling of luteinizing hormone (LH) suppression and LH surge delay by cetrorelix after single and @entity156 in healthy premenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['premature ovulation']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['multiple doses', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'single doses']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity281 , an uncommonly reported zoonosis in Australia, is common in parts of the world where there is close @entity1 contact with herbivorous animals. We report 5 cases diagnosed in our laboratory since 1992. Over this period the laboratory has conducted over 46,000 parasitological examinations on feces. All 5 cases were investigated for fecal parasites following detection of a blood @entity1712 . Two of the 5 cases complained of mild abdominal discomfort and @entity294 . It is likely that all obtained their @entity281 following ingestion of contaminated unwashed vegetables which had been fertilized with animal manure. Four of the cases acquired their @entity281 in Queensland and the fifth may have become infected in rural Victoria. All were treated with @entity12471 with resolution of the @entity1712 . Follow up fecal specimens showed no parasites. @entity1 were instructed on the mode of transmission and advised to thoroughly wash any uncooked vegetables prior to ingestion. In our cases, @entity1237 and @entity1641 were possibly implicated. No published reports of Trichostrongylus spp. in @entity1 in Australia have occurred since the 1930s and it may be more common in Australia than is recognized. The @entity281 may be missed because @entity1 are asymptomatic or have mild @entity344 or only a blood @entity1712 . @entity18947 may also be mistaken for hookworm eggs. It is important therefore to distinguish these infections from @entity5293 as the modes of transmission, management and advice regarding prevention differ.

title: XXXX trichostrongyliasis in Queensland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity5293 :: ('MESH:D006725', 'Disease') :: ['hookworm infection']

entities_list: @entity12471 :: ('MESH:D011716', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrantel embonate']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Trichostrongylus infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity18947 :: ('MESH:D021181', 'Disease') :: ['Trichostrongylus eggs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Data on 41 cases (37 intraocular lenses and four globes) of intraocular lenses explanted or expulsed after @entity2194 were retrieved from over 5,000 intraocular lenses and 1,200 globes. The age of the male and female donors varied significantly (male, 64.4 +/- 13.1 years; female, 75.5 +/- 12.6 years; P = .0334). Twenty-two were posterior chamber, 11 were anterior chamber, and eight were iris-fixated lenses. The mean implant durations were 0.66 +/- 0.9 years for posterior chamber intraocular lenses, 4.0 +/- 3.4 years for anterior chamber lenses, and 9.0 +/- 4.9 years for iris-fixated lenses. Accidental falling was the most common @entity130 in 14 of 21 cases (67%). In the posterior chamber intraocular lens group, @entity130 was more severe and resulted in @entity397 in 19 of 22 cases (86%) and expulsion of the intraocular lens in 15 of 22 cases (68%). Rupture usually occurred at the surgical wound, even when the @entity130 happened five years postoperatively. In contrast, most of the eyes with anterior chamber intraocular lenses and iris-fixated intraocular lenses did not rupture, but a minor @entity130 often resulted in @entity2790 and secondary complications that necessitated intraocular lens explantation. The pathologic findings were nonspecific (proteinaceous deposits, blood and pigment adherent to the intraocular lens). Severity of @entity130 and pathologic findings were not correlated. Posterior chamber intraocular lenses are more resistant to minor @entity2194 compared to anterior chamber and iris-fixated intraocular lenses.

title: Clinicopathologic study of XXXX in eyes with intraocular lenses.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular trauma']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of the globe']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular lens dislocation']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['ocular trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1311 is one of the most active agents for @entity213 ( @entity213 ) and an in vitro radiosensitizer. The dose-response relationship for @entity1311 may depend more on exposure duration than on peak concentration. This National Cancer Institute-sponsored phase I trial was designed to determine the feasibility of combining continuous-infusion (CI) @entity1311 with concurrent @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with previously untreated stage IVA/B @entity213 were eligible. Primary end points were determination of the maximum-tolerated dose, dose-limiting @entity137 , and pharmacokinetics for @entity1311 given by CI (24 hours a day, 7 days a week for 7 weeks) during @entity1161 (70 Gy/7 weeks). RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 were enrolled and assessable for @entity137 . Nineteen of the @entity1 who completed > or = 70 Gy were assessable for response. Grade 3 skin and mucosal acute reactions occurred at 10.5 mg/m(2)/d, but uninterrupted treatment was possible in five of six @entity1 . At 17 mg/m(2)/d, @entity137 required a 2-week treatment break for all three @entity1 . The mean @entity1311 serum concentration at dose levels > or = 6.5 mg/m(2)/d exceeded that reported to achieve in vitro radiosensitization. Initial locoregional control was achieved in 14 (58%) of 24 of @entity1 treated to 70 Gy, and control persisted in nine (38%). CONCLUSION: CI @entity1311 with concurrent @entity1161 is a feasible and tolerable regimen for @entity1 with advanced @entity213 and good performance status. Preliminary response and survival data are encouraging and suggest that further study is indicated. The recommended phase II dose of @entity1311 by CI is 10.5 mg/m(2)/d with @entity1161 for @entity213 .

title: Phase I study of @entity1311 given by seven-week continuous infusion concurrent with XXXX for locally advanced @entity213 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'skin toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck', 'SCCHN']

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['radiation therapy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity295 is a leading precipitant of @entity810 ( @entity810 ) in intensive care unit (ICU) @entity1 , and is associated with a high mortality rate. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the risk factors for dialysis and mortality in a cohort of @entity810 @entity1 of predominantly septic etiology. METHODS: Adult @entity1 from an ICU for whom nephrology consultation was requested were included. End-stage @entity177 and kidney transplant @entity1 were excluded. RESULTS: 114 @entity1 were followed. Most had @entity295 (84%), AKIN stage 3 (69%) and @entity1458 (62%) at first consultation. Dialysis was performed in 66% and overall mortality was 70%. Median serum @entity1011 in survivors and non-survivors was 3.95 mg/dl (2.63 - 5.28) and 2.75 mg/dl (1.81 - 3.69), respectively. In the multivariable models, @entity1458 and serum urea were positively associated with dialysis; otherwise, a lower serum @entity1011 at first consultation was independently associated with higher mortality. CONCLUSION: In a cohort of septic @entity810 , @entity1458 and serum @entity1133 were the main indications for dialysis. We also described an inverse association between serum @entity1011 and mortality. Potential explanations for this finding include: delay in diagnosis, fluid overload with hemodilution of serum @entity1011 or poor nutritional status. This finding may also help to explain the low discriminative power of general severity scores - that assign higher risks to higher @entity1011 levels - in septic @entity810 @entity1 .

title: Inverse association between serum @entity1011 and mortality in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute Kidney Injury', 'AKI']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute kidney injury']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of histopathological and demographic characteristics in predicting @entity1600 in @entity1 with @entity188 confined to the @entity33 . METHODS: Fifty-nine @entity1 with early @entity5 underwent resection of the rectum including lymph nodes and five showed @entity1600 (8.6%). Pathology slides of these @entity1 were reviewed by a single pathologist. Demographic and clinical characteristics of these 59 @entity1 were correlated with the existence of nodal @entity3 . Formal tests of comparability were carried out by using Fisher's exact test. @entity2357 models were fitted to data to examine possible relationships with 12 covariates measured from each @entity1 and to obtain corresponding odds ratios (as well as a 95% confidence interval for the odds ratios). These covariates included age at surgery, gender, morphology, histology, degree of differentiation, Haggitt's classification for @entity1127 according to the level of invasion, lymphatic and @entity3 , @entity2269 , degree of lymphocytic invasion, presence of lymphoid follicles and presence of infiltrating or pushing margins. RESULTS: A significantly higher rate of @entity1600 occurs in the presence of @entity3 (P < 0.01). @entity3 was present in three of five (60%) @entity1 with @entity1600 and only four of 54 (7%) @entity1 without @entity1600 . Other variables did not achieve statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Only the presence of @entity3 was found to be highly significant. The odds ratio of @entity1600 increased 18-fold for a @entity1 who had @entity3 compared with a @entity1 who did not. This suggests that the presence of @entity3 in early @entity5 may provide valuable information to determine which @entity1 would benefit from radical surgery, or adjuvant radiation therapy after sphincter-sparing surgery owing to an increased risk of @entity1600 .

title: @entity3 may predict XXXX in early @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal and submucosal layers']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic reaction']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'venous invasion', 'Venous invasion']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['lymph node metastasis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Endoscopic resection of @entity5 , such as @entity1179 , has been well described. There are limited case reports of endoscopic resection of benign @entity5 , including @entity2695 , or those with low-grade malignant potential, such as @entity2698 . METHODS: Retrospective review of sinonasal @entity2695 and @entity2698 resected endoscopically at a single tertiary-care facility. RESULTS: Three @entity2695 and 3 @entity2698 were resected endoscopically with no recurrences at a mean follow-up of 22 months. Four @entity5 involved the skull base; 2 of these underwent preoperative embolization. One @entity1 had a CSF leak that occurred as the @entity5 was removed from the cribriform plate and that was successfully repaired intraoperatively. The average size of the @entity5 was 5.8 cm x 2.7 cm with all @entity5 at least 2.5 cm in greatest dimension by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The largest @entity5 was 12 cm in greatest dimension. An average of 8 intraoperative frozen section margins was taken around 5 @entity5 , with all margins of each @entity5 clear on final pathology. @entity1 included 4 males and 2 females with an average age of 47 years. CONCLUSION: Large @entity1350 of the sinonasal cavity, such as @entity2695 and @entity2698 , can be safely removed using endoscopic techniques. Although these @entity1 have a limited follow-up, it is prudent to perform long-term endoscopic follow-up in order to detect recurrences regardless of resection technique.

title: Endoscopic resection of sinonasal @entity2695 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vascular tumors', 'benign neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1179 :: ('MESH:D018308', 'Disease') :: ['inverted papilloma']

entities_list: @entity2698 :: ('MESH:D006393', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiopericytomas']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['vascular neoplasms']

answer: @entity2698 :: (MESH:D006393,Disease) :: ['hemangiopericytomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Thirty percent of the @entity1 for whom code @entity64 is activated have @entity64 mimics, the most common @entity302 . Our purpose was to evaluate the usefulness of multiparametric CT for differentiating between @entity410 -related symptoms and vascular events. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study; data were gathered prospectively during one year. We studied multiparametric CT images of @entity1 admitted following code @entity64 activation and finally diagnosed with @entity302 . RESULTS: The study included a total of 11 @entity1 ; 36% were @entity1 and mean age was 74.5 years. Three @entity1 had @entity385 , 4 displayed @entity385 , and the remaining 4 had isolated aphasia. Maximum time from symptom onset to multiparametric CT study was 8.16hours. Perfusion CT results were normal in 2 @entity1 . Nine @entity1 showed longer or shorter times to peak (Tmax); cerebral blood volume (CBV) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps varied. EEG was performed a maximum of 47.6hours after symptom onset. Four @entity1 showed findings compatible with @entity159 , 2 displayed focal @entity302 , and 5 showed post-ictal slowing ipsilateral to perfusion @entity854 . CONCLUSION: The most sensitive parameter for differentiating between @entity64 and @entity302 in our series was increased time to peak in multilobar cortical locations in the absence of large-vessel occlusion and basal ganglia involvement. Multiparametric CT is a fast, readily available, and useful tool for the differential diagnosis of acute-onset neurological signs of @entity302 origin in @entity1 initially attended after code @entity64 activation.

title: Usefulness of multiparametric computerized tomography findings in the differential diagnosis of @entity64 mimics of XXXX origin: A preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['CT abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'being epilepsy', 'epileptiform activity']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['right hemisphere syndrome', 'left hemisphere syndrome']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic']


abstract: Healthy @entity1 skin harbours a diverse array of microbes that comprise the skin microbiome. Commensal bacteria constitute an important component of resident microbiome and are intricately linked to skin health. Recent studies describe an association between altered skin microbial community and epidemiology of @entity66 , like @entity1569 , @entity483 etc. In this study, we compare the differences in bacterial community of lesional and non-lesional skin of vitiligo subjects. Our study reveals @entity6636 in the diversity of microbial community structure in lesional skin of vitiligo subjects. Although individual specific signature is dominant over the vitiligo-specific microbiota, a clear decrease in taxonomic richness and evenness can be noted in lesional patches. Investigation of community specific correlation networks reveals distinctive pattern of interactions between resident bacterial populations of the two sites (lesional and non-lesional). While Actinobacterial species constitute the central regulatory nodes (w.r.t. degree of interaction) in non-lesional skin, species belonging to Firmicutes dominate on lesional sites. We propose that the changes in taxonomic characteristics of @entity75 , as revealed by our study, could play a crucial role in altering the maintenance and severity of disease. Future studies would elucidate mechanistic relevance of these microbial dynamics that can provide new avenues for therapeutic interventions.

title: Microbial community profiling shows XXXX in the lesional skin of Vitiligo subjects.

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diseases']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['vitiligo lesions']

entities_list: @entity6636 :: ('MESH:D064806', 'Disease') :: ['dysbiosis']

answer: @entity6636 :: (MESH:D064806,Disease) :: ['dysbiosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Shortly after @entity5695 vaccination was reintroduced in Sweden in 1996, an intensified @entity5695 surveillance programme was set up. In this study, we report on in-depth analyses of age-dose-number-specific incidences and the rate of @entity5695 hospitalisation for @entity1 with no, 1 or 2 doses of an acellular @entity5695 vaccine before @entity5695 . Vaccine coverage, the timeliness of childhood vaccination and the effect of later than scheduled @entity5695 vaccination(s) are also examined. STUDY DESIGN: @entity1 with notified laboratory-confirmed (culture or PCR) @entity5695 were evaluated among the surveillance population of about 1 million @entity1 , born between 1996 and 2007 and followed for @entity5695 from October 1997 to December 2007, for nearly 6 million @entity1 -years. Birth and vaccination dates of the diseased @entity1 are known from the surveillance programme. To estimate denominators of the age-dose-number-specific @entity5695 incidences, we used birth and vaccination dates from a vaccine trial with more than 72,000 @entity1 combined with national @entity5695 vaccine coverage data for @entity1 in the surveillance population. RESULTS: For @entity1 from 3 to <5 months of age, the incidence of @entity5695 with at least 14 days of cough decreased from 264/100,000 for unvaccinated @entity1 to 155/100,000 for @entity1 with one dose of a @entity5695 vaccine prior to onset of the disease. In the age range 5 to <12 months, the age-dose specific incidences were 526, 95, and 24/100,000 for @entity1 with no, 1 and 2 doses, respectively. The rate of hospitalisation for @entity1 with 1 dose of a @entity5695 vaccine prior to onset of the disease was significantly lower than for unvaccinated @entity1 of the same age. For many @entity1 , there is a delay in administration of the vaccine doses according to the regular 3-5-12 month schedule (which has been the case for many years). Hypothetically, if all @entity1 had been vaccinated exactly on schedule, we would expect about 28% fewer @entity5695 cases with at least 14 days of cough and 38% fewer hospitalisations due to @entity5695 , of cases possible to influence by vaccinations on schedule. CONCLUSION: Pertussis vaccination had a significant effect among @entity1 already after the first dose. This is particularly important for premature @entity1 and @entity1 with severe respiratory and @entity299 . A moderate decrease in the incidence of @entity5695 in @entity1 and rate of hospitalisation could be expected if primary vaccinations were carried out closer to the scheduled time than is currently the practice in Sweden.

title: Pertussis vaccination in infancy lowers the incidence of XXXX and the rate of hospitalisation after one and two doses: analyses of 10 years of @entity5695 surveillance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'infants', 'person']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases']

entities_list: @entity5695 :: ('MESH:D014917', 'Disease') :: ['pertussis disease', 'pertussis']

answer: @entity5695 :: (MESH:D014917,Disease) :: ['pertussis disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vascular calcified plaque, a measure of subclinical @entity65 ( @entity65 ), is unlikely to be limited to a single vascular bed in @entity1 with multiple risk factors. Consideration of vascular calcified plaque as a global phenomenon may allow for a more accurate assessment of the @entity65 burden. The aim of this study was to examine the utility of a combined vascular calcified plaque score in the prediction of mortality. METHODS: Vascular calcified plaque scores from the coronary, carotid, and abdominal aortic vascular beds and a derived multi-bed score were examined for associations with all-cause and @entity65 -mortality in 699 European-American @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) affected individuals from the @entity6 Heart Study. The ability of calcified plaque to improve prediction beyond Framingham risk factors was assessed. RESULTS: Over 8.4        2.3  years (mean        standard deviation) of follow-up, 156 (22.3%) @entity1 were deceased, 74 (10.6%) from @entity65 causes. All calcified plaque scores were significantly associated with all-cause (HR: 1.4-1.8; p   <   1x10-5) and @entity65 -mortality (HR: 1.5-1.9; p   <   1*10-4) following adjustment for Framingham risk factors. Associations were strongest for coronary calcified plaque. Improvement in prediction of outcome beyond Framingham risk factors was greatest using coronary calcified plaque for all-cause mortality (AUC: 0.720 to 0.757, p   =   0.004) and the multi-bed score for @entity65 mortality (AUC: 0.731 to 0.767, p   =   0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Although coronary calcified plaque and the multi-bed score were the strongest predictors of all-cause mortality and @entity65 -mortality respectively in this @entity2175 -affected sample, carotid and abdominal aortic calcified plaque scores also significantly improved prediction of outcome beyond traditional risk factors and should not be discounted as risk stratification tools.

title: Prediction of mortality using a multi-bed vascular calcification score in the XXXX Heart Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate @entity842 (NO) production and @entity3623 expression by cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in @entity1 with @entity785 ( @entity785 ). METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 with @entity785 were compared with two control groups: 16 @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and 23 @entity1 with mechanical sciatica. @entity1507 was determined by fluorimetry in plasma and by spectrophotometry in supernatants. @entity3623 ( @entity3623 ) was detected in cultured PBMC by immunofluorescence, immunoblotting and flow cytometry with or without treatment of the cells with interleukin (IL) 1beta+ @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity310 ), @entity3646 or @entity379 ( @entity379 ) from day 1 to day 5. RESULTS: NO metabolite concentrations were lower in @entity785 @entity1 (mean+/-s.e.m. 34.3+/-2.63 micromol/l) than in @entity309 (48.3+/-2.82 micromol/l; P<0.02) and sciatica (43.3+/-5.24 micromol/l; P<0.03) @entity1 . @entity3623 was detected in cultured monocytes in all three groups but induction occurred on day 1 in @entity309 , day 2 in sciatica and only on day 3 in @entity785 , whatever the stimulus. CONCLUSIONS: The concentrations of NO metabolites are decreased in @entity785 @entity1 and the metabolism of these compounds in PBMC is altered. Low levels of NO, a vasodilator, may be involved in @entity2553 , which is critical in @entity785 . This may have therapeutic implications.

title: Low levels of @entity842 (NO) in @entity785 : XXXX production is decreased in cultured peripheral blood monocyte/macrophage cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrate']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity3623 :: ('4843', 'Gene') :: ['inducible NO synthase', 'iNOS', 'Inducible NO synthase']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity3623 :: (4843,Gene) :: ['inducible NO synthase']


abstract: The implantation of a non-absorbable @entity7502 mesh during hernia repair causes chronic foreign body reaction involving the surrounding tissue. In case of @entity169 repair using mesh techniques, the spermatic cord is potentially affected by this chronic inflammatory tissue remodeling. This effect has been investigated using standardized animal models ( @entity1707 and @entity95 ). Fifteen adult male @entity1707 underwent transinguinal preperitoneal implantation of a @entity7502 mesh. The contralateral side with a Shouldice repair served as control. After 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days, three animals were sacrificed. The spermatic cords were resected and analyzed histologically. In a second experiment Lichtenstein repair using the same @entity7502 mesh and Shouldice repair on the contralateral side was done in eight chinchilla @entity95 . Three animals served as controls. Three months after operation, the analysis included testicular size, testicular temperature, and testicular and spermatic cord perfusion. We added histological evaluation of the foreign body reaction and the spermatogenesis using the Johnsen score. In the @entity1707 , we observed a certain foreign body reaction with diffuse infiltrating inflammatory cells after mesh implantation. @entity49 of the spermatic veins occurred in five of 15 cases. One animal presented focal fibrinoid @entity39 of the deferent duct wall. The side of Shouldice repair showed only minor postoperative changes. In the @entity95 , we also observed a typical foreign body reaction at the interface between mesh and surrounding tissue, which was not detectable after Shouldice repair. The mesh repair led to a decrease of arterial perfusion, testicular temperature, and the rate of seminiferus tubules with regular spermatogenesis classified as Johnsen 10 (Lichtenstein: 48.1%, Shouldice: 63.8%, controls: 65.8%). Testicular volume increased about 10% after each operation. The implantation of a @entity7502 mesh in the inguinal region induces major response of the structures of the spermatic cord. This may have an influence also on spermatogenesis. Due to this a strict indication for implantation of a prosthetic mesh during @entity169 repair is recommended.

title: Is there a risk of infertility after inguinal mesh repair? Experimental studies in the XXXX and the @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1290 have been reported to occur after @entity5 , but little is known about @entity1290 in @entity1 following @entity8 ( @entity8 ). The objective of this retrospective study was to determine risk factors for the development of @entity1290 and to describe the prevalence among survivors. PROCEDURE: The study included 1,343 childhood @entity8 @entity1 . Mean follow-up was 15.8 (1.0-40.0) years. @entity1 were treated with @entity348 ( @entity348 ) (n = 948) or non- @entity348 regimens. @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) for @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) prophylaxis was given as long-course (n = 360), short-course (n = 626), or none (n = 357). @entity229 for chronic @entity2132 therapy was received by 525 @entity1 . Multivariate Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of risk factors associated with @entity1290 . RESULTS: @entity1290 developed in 51 @entity1 , a median of 9.9 (0.2-29.4) years after first @entity8 , with a 30-year cumulative incidence of 7.4%. Risk factors associated with @entity1290 were @entity348 (HR = 2.2; P = 0.03), age at @entity8 (12-18 vs. <6 years, HR = 2.7; P = 0.01), @entity1500 (long vs. none, HR = 3.6; P = 0.02), and @entity229 (HR = 2.2; P = 0.008). Among 868 survivors, the prevalence of a history of @entity1290 was 4.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Survivors of childhood @entity8 have an increased risk of developing @entity1290 .

title: Nephrolithiasis in pediatric XXXX with up to 40 years of follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['HCT', 'hematopoietic cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['childhood cancer']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisone', 'prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['kidney stones', 'Kidney stones']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'acute graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'total body irradiation']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['hematopoietic cell transplantation']


abstract: @entity118 ( @entity118 ) is a common diagnosis in adults undergoing surgical repair. The aim of the study was to determine if ocular symptoms following treatment are due to microemboli. The study group included 20 adult @entity1 (9 @entity1 , 11 @entity1 , mean age 57.2 years) with @entity118 who had undergone successful closure with the Amplatzer occluder. @entity1 were treated with @entity117 or @entity1229 during the 6 months after the procedure. All were evaluated neurologically and an ocular medical history was obtained. Ocular examination included the 120-point Humphery visual field. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) was performed to monitor the middle cerebral artery. Two @entity1 complained of @entity1939 fugax at 1 and 3 months after the procedure, and two @entity1 @entity227 at 3 and 4 months after the procedure. TCD performed within 24 h of the complaints revealed no abnormalities. In all @entity1 , the neurological and ocular examinations, including the visual field test, were normal. In conclusion, microembolic events do not appear to be the cause of the ocular complaints in @entity1 with @entity118 treated with Amplatzer occluder. Further studies in larger samples are needed to confirm these results.

title: Do complaints of XXXX fugax and blurred vision after transcatheter device closure of @entity118 indicate microemboli to retinal vessels?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['complained of blurred vision']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['amaurosis']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial septal defect', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1939 :: (MESH:D001766,Disease) :: ['amaurosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies in the past have focused on meteorological conditions, pollution and pollen and their relationship with symptoms of bronchial hyper-reactivity, however, there are no epidemiological studies which examine a wide range of such factors and determine their role in nasal hyper-reactivity. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether environmental factors can influence symptomatology in @entity9590 ( @entity9590 ) @entity1 , who suffer primarily from nasal hyper-reactivity symptoms. METHODS: We studied 16 non-smoking @entity9590 @entity1 and seven non-smoking controls during a 218-day study period (March-October) by means of daily symptom scores and visual analogue scales for the subsets patency, secretions and sneezing, and compared them to seven primary factors which affected 'symptoms' and 10 secondary factors which affected primary factors only. RESULTS: The mean symptom scores in the @entity9590 and control groups were 2.17 and 0.13, respectively. In @entity9590 , the highest correlations of primary factors with symptomatology were found for symptom scores and sneezing with minimum daytime temperature (r = -0.62 and -0.45, respectively), @entity1787 and NO concentrations. Patency and secretions were associated with minimum daytime temperature (r = -0.39 and 0.32, respectively). Time series analysis, however, correcting for several confounders such as autocorrelated symptomatology, showed that minimum daytime temperature and daytime relative humidity made an independent contribution to symptoms. In the control group, correlations were much lower, though present. Time series analysis was not possible. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that in a mild climate with relatively low levels of pollution, minor pollution and meteorological disturbances result in substantial changes in nasal reactivity symptoms in @entity9590 @entity1 , but not controls, irrespective of other factors such as @entity281 .

title: Pollutional and meteorological factors are closely related to complaints of non-allergic, non-infectious perennial rhinitis XXXX : a time series model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['allergy or infection']

entities_list: @entity9590 :: ('MESH:D012221', 'Disease') :: ['non-allergic non-infectious perennial rhinitis', 'NANIPER']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Clinical trials of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) have been conducted for over 10 years. Initially, these agents, generally either granulocyte-macrophage (GM)- or granulocyte (G)-CSF, were hypothesized to reduce rates of major @entity204 in the initial weeks after administration of chemotherapy. Although trials have consistently shown that both cytokines accelerate neutrophil recovery, only 1 out of 5-10 large randomized trials has reported that a decrease in major infection occurs as a result. While some of these trials have found that the use of cytokines lowers days in hospital, on antibiotics, or with @entity221 , it is unclear whether the magnitude of these effects outweighs the expense currently entailed in CSF administration; indeed it appears that estimates of cost are themselves quite variable. The second major use of cytokines has been in priming @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) blasts to the cytotoxic actions of chemotherapy. Here again, the results of several randomized trials do not justify application of this strategy. It remains possible that there are subsets of @entity3052 @entity1 who would benefit from priming. However, the identification of such @entity1 might require years of accrual into clinical trials from which the majority of @entity1 would not benefit. Future years may see trials of cytokines (e.g. pegylated recombinant @entity1 megakaryocytic growth and development factor +G- or @entity2841 ) in @entity1 in remission and as a means to increase the number of normal granulocytes that can be given to @entity1 with @entity281 . Further therapies may target cytokine receptors on @entity3052 blasts, to improve anti- @entity1778 therapy.

title: Growth factors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['infection and/or death']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of childhood @entity5653 and to investigate the effects of drought and conflict on @entity5653 in crisis-affected areas within Ethiopia. METHODS: We searched the Complex Emergency Database for nutrition surveys carried out in Ethiopia over the period 2000-2013. We extracted data on the prevalence of @entity5653 (weight-for-height z-scores below -2) among @entity1 aged 6-59 months for areas of Ethiopia that had sufficient data available. Data on any conflict events (irrespective of magnitude or impact) and episodes of seasonal drought affecting the survey areas were extracted from publicly available data sources. Random-effects Bayesian meta-analysis was used to synthesize the evidence from 231 small-scale surveys. FINDINGS: From the total sample of 175   607 @entity1 analysed, the pooled number of @entity1 wasted was 21   709. The posterior median prevalence of @entity5653 was 11.0% (95% credible interval, CrI: 10.3-11.7) over the 14-year period. Compared with areas unaffected by drought, the estimated prevalence of @entity5653 was higher in areas affected by moderate levels of drought (posterior odds ratio, OR: 1.34; 95% CrI: 1.05-1.72) but similar in severe drought-affected areas (OR: 0.96; 95% CrI: 0.68-1.35). Although the pooled prevalence of @entity5653 was higher in conflict-affected than unaffected areas, the difference was not plausible (OR: 1.02; 95% CrI: 0.82-1.26). CONCLUSION: Despite an overall declining trend, a @entity5653 problem persists among @entity1 in Ethiopia. Conflict events did not have a major impact on childhood @entity5653 . Nutrition interventions should go beyond severe drought-prone areas to incorporate areas where moderate droughts occur.

title: Drought, conflict and XXXX 's undernutrition in Ethiopia 2000-2013: a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to explore the bactericidal activity of a feather-degraded active peptide against multiple-antibiotic-resistant (MAR) @entity794 aureus. An antibacterial peptide (ABP) was isolated from the @entity1573 feathers containing fermented media of Paenibacillus woosongensis TKB2, a keratinolytic soil isolate. It was purified by HPLC, and its mass was found to be 4666.87  Da using @entity66 ( @entity66 ) spectroscopy. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of this peptide were 22.5 and 90   g/ml, respectively. SEM study revealed the distorted cell wall of the test strain along with pore formation. The possible reason for bactericidal activity of the peptide is due to generation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS), resulting in membrane damage and leakage of intracellular protein. Complete sequence of the peptide was predicted and retrieved from the sequence database of @entity1573 feather keratin after in silico trypsin digestion using ExPASy tools. Further, net charge, hydrophobicity (77.7  %) and molecular modelling of the peptide were evaluated for better understanding of its mode of action. The hydrophobic region (17 to 27) of the peptide may facilitate for initial attachment on the bacterial membrane. The ABP exhibited no adverse effects on RBC membrane and HT-29 @entity1 cell line. This cytosafe peptide can be exploited as an effective therapeutic agent to combat @entity1793 .

title: Enzymatic Hydrolyzed Feather Peptide, a Welcoming Drug for Multiple-Antibiotic-Resistant XXXX : Structural Analysis and Characterization.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['MALDI-TOF', 'matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus']

entities_list: @entity1793 :: ('MESH:D013203', 'Disease') :: ['Staphylococcal infections']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: In healthy individuals, a @entity6684 can reverse (bronchodilation) or prevent (bronchoprotection) induced airway constriction. For individuals with @entity565 or @entity1030 , these effects may be attenuated or absent. Previous work showed that the size and duration of a @entity6684 affected the subsequent response of the airways. Also, increased airway tone lead to increased airway size variability. The present study examined how a @entity6684 affected the temporal variability in individual airway baseline size and after @entity2710 challenge in @entity235 using High-Resolution Computed Tomography. @entity235 were anesthetized and ventilated, and on 4 separate days, HRCT scans were acquired before and after a @entity6684 at baseline and during a continuous intravenous infusion of @entity2710 ( @entity17695 ) at 3 dose rates (17, 67, and 200  g/min). The Coefficient of Variation was used as an index of temporal variability in airway size.We found that at baseline and the lowest dose of @entity17695 , variability decreased immediately and 5 minutes after the @entity6684 (P < 0.0001). In contrast, with higher doses of @entity17695 , the @entity6684 caused a variable response. At a rate of 67  g/min of @entity17695 , the temporal variability increased after 5 minutes, while at a rate of 200  g/min of @entity17695 , the temporal variability increased immediately after the @entity6684 . Increased airway temporal variability has been shown to be associated with @entity565 . Although the mechanisms underlying this temporal variability are poorly understood, the beneficial effects of a @entity6684 to decrease airway temporal variability was eliminated when airway tone was increased. If this effect is absent in asthmatics, this may suggest a possible mechanism for the loss of bronchoprotective and bronchodilatory effects after a @entity6684 in @entity565 .

title: Individual XXXX airway response variability to a deep inspiration.

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In vitro studies have demonstrated that @entity2453 ( @entity2453 ) reductase inhibitors (statins) have activity against several pathogenic moulds including Zygomycetes and Aspergillus spp. The aim of our study was to determine if statin use is a preventive factor for the development of @entity3 . This was a retrospective case-control study of 10 United States Veterans Affairs Medical Centers that comprise the Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 16. Cases with @entity3 and controls were identified from 2001 to 2008. Controls were matched by age, facility, history of transplantation, presence of chronic @entity134 use and presence of @entity1 @entity778 ( @entity645 ). Two hundred and thirty-eight @entity1 were included. Independent variables associated with the development of @entity3 were history of solid @entity5 (OR 2.63, 1.41-4.87) and @entity101 (OR 2.29, 1.13-4.68). Statin use within 3 months of index date was not an independent variable for prevention or development of @entity3 . No level of exposure to a statin drug appeared to influence the development of @entity281 . This retrospective case-control study suggests that despite evidence of in vitro activity, statins may not decrease risk of @entity3 . Prospective, controlled trials may be necessary to investigate any potential clinical benefit.

title: Case-control study of statin prevention of mould XXXX .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency virus infection']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive mould infections', 'IMI']

entities_list: @entity2453 :: ('MESH:C008047', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA', 'HMG-CoA']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']