abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychological distress contributes to the development of @entity101 in young adults. This trial assessed the effects of a mind-body intervention on blood pressure (BP), @entity458 , and coping in college students. METHODS: This was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of 298 university students randomly allocated to either the Transcendental Meditation (TM) program or wait-list control. At baseline and after 3 months, BP, @entity458 , and coping ability were assessed. A subgroup of 159 subjects at risk for @entity101 was analyzed similarly. RESULTS: Changes in systolic BP ( @entity13519 )/diastolic BP ( @entity13520 ) for the overall sample were -2.0/-1.2 mm Hg for the TM group compared to +0.4/+0.5 mm Hg for controls (P = 0.15, P = 0.15, respectively). Changes in @entity25027 for the @entity101 risk subgroup were -5.0/-2.8 mm Hg for the TM group compared to +1.3/+1.2 mm Hg for controls (P = 0.014, P = 0.028, respectively). Significant improvements were found in total @entity458 , @entity148 , @entity308 , anger/hostility, and coping (P values < 0.05). Changes in @entity458 and coping correlated with changes in @entity13519 (P values < 0.05) and @entity13520 (P values < 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first RCT to demonstrate that a selected mind-body intervention, the TM program, decreased BP in association with @entity393 , and increased coping in young adults at risk for @entity101 . This mind-body program may reduce the risk for future development of @entity101 in young adults.

title: A randomized controlled trial on effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on blood pressure, XXXX , and coping in young adults.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreased psychological distress']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological distress']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical triggers that may cause @entity397 . @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) and pressure gradient are the direct mechanical forces acting on the plaque in a stenotic artery. Their influence on plaque stability is thought to be controversial. This study used a physiologically realistic, pulsatile flow, two-dimensional, cine phase-contrast MRI sequence in a @entity1 with a 70% carotid @entity850 . Instead of considering the full @entity1 -specific carotid bifurcation derived from MRI, only the plaque region has been modelled by means of the idealised flow model. @entity1642 reached a local maximum just distal to the @entity850 followed by a negative local minimum. A pressure drop across the @entity850 was found which varied significantly during systole and diastole. The ratio of the relative importance of @entity1642 and pressure was assessed and was found to be less than 0.07% for all time phases, even at the throat of the @entity850 . In conclusion, although the local high @entity1642 at the @entity850 may damage the endothelium and fissure plaque, the magnitude of @entity1642 is small compared with the overall loading on plaque. Therefore, pressure may be the main mechanical trigger for @entity397 and risk stratification using stress analysis of plaque stability may only need to consider the pressure effect.

title: The mechanical triggers of XXXX : shear stress vs pressure gradient.

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['Wall shear stress', 'WSS']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['plaque rupture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to establish a stable method of isolation, culture and cryopreservation of adult primary hepatocytes to provide potential hepatocyte resources for the treatment of acute and chronic @entity409 by hepatocyte transplantation and bioartificial liver support systems, and for the use of hepatocytes as an in vitro model of the liver. METHODS: Adult hepatocytes of 20 separate donors were isolated with a two-step extracoporeal collagenase perfusion technique. Seven preincubation time points (2h, 6h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h and 72h) were selected, then the hepatocytes were transferred to HepatoZYME-SFM medium containing 10% @entity4434 and 10% @entity3733 , and were immediately put into an @entity5723 progressive freezing container at -80 degrees C overnight and immersed in liquid @entity1568 the next day. During the postthawing culture period, viability, plating efficiency, albumin secretion and @entity1133 synthesis were analyzed. RESULTS: The viability and plating efficiency of hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy using two-step extracorporeal collagenase perfusion technique were 75.0+/-4.6% and 72.0+/-6.0% respectively. Preincubation at 4? for 12 hours or 24 hours proved to be the optimal time at which the albumin secretion was higher than at other time points (p<0.05). Compared to the immediate cryopreservation groups (IC), we also found significant improvement in viability (61.4+/-4.8%/62.0+/-5.6% vs. 53.4+/-4.2%, p<0.05), plating efficiency (63.2+/-5.8%/62.6+/-3.6% vs. 55.2+/-4.6%, p<0.05), albumin secretion and @entity1133 synthesis (p<0.05) at these time points. CONCLUSIONS: The two-step extracorporeal collagenase perfusion technique after partial hepatectomy provides a novel, simple, and reliable method for hepatocyte isolation. The results of the present study suggest that recovery of @entity1 hepatocytes after isolation preincubation at 4 degrees C for 12 hours to 24 hours prior to cryopreservation can obtain hepatocytes ideal for use in pharmacotoxicology, bioartificial liver and cell therapy research purposes.

title: A simple isolation and cryopreservation method for adult XXXX hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity5723 :: ('MESH:D019840', 'Chemical') :: ['isopropanol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether the hip arthroscopy literature to date has shown outcomes consistent with published @entity1 acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) and @entity922 ( @entity922 ) estimates. METHODS: All clinical investigations of hip arthroscopy using modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) and/or @entity572 ( @entity572 ) outcomes with at least 1  year of follow-up were reviewed. Ninety-one studies (9,746 hips) were included for review. Eighty-one studies (9,317 hips) contained only primary hip arthroscopies and were the primary focus of this review. The remaining studies (429 hips) did not exclude @entity1 with prior surgical history and were thus considered separately. Mean mHHS, @entity572 -ADL (Activities of Daily Living) and @entity572 (Sports-Specific) scores were compared with previously published PASS and @entity922 values. RESULTS: After 31    20  months, 5.8% of study populations required revision arthroscopy and 5.5% total hip arthroplasty. A total of 88%, 25%, and 30% of study populations met PASS for mHHS, @entity572 -ADL, and @entity572 , respectively, and 97%, 90%, and 93% met @entity922 . On bivariate analysis, increasing age was associated with significantly worse postoperative mHHS (P < .01, R(2)  = 0.14), @entity572 (P  = .05, R(2)  = 0.12), and rates of reoperation (P  = .02, R(2)  = 0.08). Increasing body mass index was associated with significantly worse @entity572 -ADL (P  = .02, R(2)  = 0.35) and @entity572 (P  = .03, R(2)  = 0.30). CONCLUSIONS: In this meta-analysis of 81 studies of primary hip arthroscopy, we have found that more than 90% of study populations meet @entity922 standards for the most commonly used @entity1 -reported outcomes measures in hip arthroscopy literature, mHHS and @entity572 . Eighty-eight percent meet PASS standards for the mHHS, but PASS standards are far more difficult to achieve for @entity572 -ADL (25%) and @entity572 (30%) subscales. Differences in psychometric properties of the mHHS and @entity572 likely account for the discrepancies in PASS. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, systematic review of Level I to IV studies.

title: Hip Arthroscopy Outcomes With Respect to @entity1 Acceptable Symptomatic State (PASS) and @entity922 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['HOS', 'Hip Outcome Score', 'HOS-SS']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['minimal clinically important difference', 'MCID']

answer: @entity922 :: (MESH:D013568,Disease) :: ['MCID']


abstract: Intensive chemotherapy for first @entity1907 was initiated in 110 @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Types 1 and 2 @entity6 was present in 52 and 58 @entity1 , respectively. In accordance with the WHO recommendations, @entity3109 , @entity1215 , @entity5585 , and @entity3639 or @entity3110 were given to the @entity1 at the first loading stage. Following 2-3 months, they were treated with @entity3109 and @entity1215 (as well as with @entity5585 in some cases). A good or fair tolerability of the first stage of chemotherapy was noted in 86 (78.2%) @entity1 with concurrent pathology (Group 1). The signs of intolerability developed in the remaining 24 (21.8%) @entity1 forced them have an individually chosen chemotherapy regime instead of the standard one (Group 2). Both groups were comparable by age, gender, the pattern of a pulmonary process, the types and severity of @entity6 . The effect of treatment was much higher in Group 1 @entity1 . According to the data of bacterioscopy and inoculation, bacterial isolation ceased in them earlier and achieved more frequently than in Group 2 @entity1 (83.7 and 54.5%, respectively; p < 0.05). Better X-ray lung changes were revealed after 4-month therapy. @entity1547 closure after 10 months of treatment was achieved in 69.3 and 30% of the @entity1 in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (p < 0.05). Thus, most @entity1 with @entity6 tolerated intensive chemotherapy for @entity1907 well or satisfactorily. The higher efficiency of this therapy than that of individually selected regiment allows the author recommend its wider use in @entity1 with this concomitant pathology.

title: [Effectiveness of an intensive chemotherapy stage in new cases of XXXX and @entity6 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3110 :: ('MESH:D004977', 'Chemical') :: ['ethambutol']

entities_list: @entity5585 :: ('MESH:D011718', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrazinamide']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['Decay cavity']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis', 'detected pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: First metatarsocuneiform (MC) instability is recognized as a pathologic contributor to @entity4553 . There are no studies identifying the first MC joint as an independent @entity158 generator in the foot that may require surgical arthrodesis for its management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors reviewed the records of all @entity1 with this newly described pathology in the first MC joint. There were 61 @entity1 with 85 feet who underwent a fluoroscopically guided local anesthetic injection into the first metatarsocuneiform joint to assess @entity158 relief. @entity1 's complaints, physical exam findings, treatment decisions, @entity1 characteristics, and radiographic findings were evaluated. RESULTS: Seventy-nine percent of @entity1 (67/85) injected had relief of their symptoms. Eight or these 67 @entity1 were eventually treated with first MC arthrodesis with complete relief of symptoms. The average time from onset of symptoms to presentation was 21 (range, 1 to 72) months. Eighty-five percent of feet (72/85) had multiple previous diagnoses. @entity1411 of the first M-C joint on weightbearing views was inconsistent with pathology. CONCLUSION: The first MC joint is an independent @entity158 generator in the foot that can have variable presentations. Radiographic data can often be helpful, but clinical exam findings are paramount in the diagnosis. Fluoroscopically-guided long acting local anesthetic injections of this joint are helpful in the diagnosis, especially in the @entity1 with multiple possible @entity158 generators in the foot and ankle. Failure to recognize the first MC joint as a source of @entity158 may lead to delay in treatment, misdiagnosis, and mistreatment of foot pathology.

title: Instability of the first metatarsal-cuneiform joint: diagnosis and discussion of an independent XXXX generator in the foot.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity4553 :: ('MESH:D006215', 'Disease') :: ['hallux valgus']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['Radiographic plantar widening']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With increasing numbers of arthroscopically assisted acromioclavicular (AC) joint stabilization procedures has come an increase in reports of concomitant @entity130 among AC joint separations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence, pattern, and cause of glenohumeral pathologies among a large @entity1 population with acute high-grade AC joint instability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 125 @entity1 (13 @entity1 , 112 @entity1 ) with high-grade @entity2720 (6 Rockwood II; 119 Rockwood V) underwent diagnostic glenohumeral arthroscopy before AC joint repair. @entity922 were evaluated for acute or degenerative origin and, if considered relevant, treated all-arthroscopically. RESULTS: Concomitant glenohumeral pathologies were found in 38 of 125 @entity1 (30.4%). Analysis of pathogenesis distinguished different patterns of accompanying injuries: acute intra-articular lesions, related to the recent shoulder @entity130 , were found in 9 @entity1 (7.2%), @entity179 , considered to be unrelated to the @entity130 , were found in 18 (14.4%), and 11 (8.8%) had an unclear traumatic correlation (intermediate group). Within the acute and the degenerative group, affected structures were predominantly partial, articular-sided tears of the anterosuperior rotator cuff, including instabilities of the pulley complex, followed by pathologies of the long head of the biceps and superior labrum anteroposterior lesions. The intermediate group presented mainly with articular-sided partial tears of the subscapularis tendon. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective study showed a high prevalence (30%) of concomitant glenohumeral pathologies, of which some indicate additional surgical therapy and could be missed by an isolated open AC repair. Hence, the arthroscopic approach for AC joint stabilization allows for the diagnosis and treatment of associated intra-articular pathologies.

title: Prevalence and pattern of XXXX among acute high-grade acromioclavicular joint instabilities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['glenohumeral injuries', 'recent trauma', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative lesions']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['AC joint dislocation']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['Pathologic lesions']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['glenohumeral injuries']


abstract: The effects of @entity2792 and its treatment by a converting enzyme inhibitor ( @entity4687 ) on the structure and function of large arteries were studied in the Goldblatt 1 clip--2 kidney @entity35 . One month after the surgical operation, the @entity101 animals (n = 24) and the sham operated animals (n = 24) were divided into two groups receiving either 1 mg/kg per day of @entity4687 or distilled water for four weeks. At the end of treatment, the hemodynamic parameters, including blood pressure and instantaneous blood flow measured by Doppler, were measured in anesthetized @entity35 . The mechanical properties of the carotid artery were studied by in situ measurement of the carotid compliance in response to imposed pressures. Lastly, morphometric parameters of the thoracic aorta, including the thickness of the media, the density of @entity4116 , collagen and nuclei and the area of the nuclei were studied by an automated image analysis system. @entity101 was associated with an increase in the characteristic impedance of the aorta (14,479 +/- 5,171 vs 9,022 +/- 4,071 dyne.sec/cm5; p less than 0.01) and a @entity432 (2.41 +/- 0.96 vs 3.92 +/- 1.15 x 10(-3) ml/mmHg; p less than 0.01) or carotid arterial compliance (6.31 +/- 1.85 vs 8.38 +/- 3.14 x 10(-2) mm3/mmHg; p less than 0.05). Treatment with @entity4687 normalized systolic and diastolic blood pressure and completely inverted the markers of @entity2003 of the large arteries. Morphometric analysis of the aortic wall allowed these functional modifications to be attributed to structural modifications of the wall. The thickness of the media was increased by @entity101 (122.3 +/- 3.7 vs 97.5 +/- 4.4 microns; p less than 0.01). This thickening was attributed to @entity1184 of the smooth muscle cells as evidenced by the increase in the nucleus size (8.58 +/- 1.54 vs 7.38 +/- 0.78 microns 2; p less than 0.01). It was accompanied by an increase in the density of collagen (8.6 +/- 3.6 vs 7.3 +/- 2.4%; p less than 0.01) and a decrease in the density of @entity4116 (31.9 +/- 8.3 vs 38.6 +/- 12.8%; p less than 0.01). Treatment with @entity4687 normalized the thickness of the media (103.0 +/- 4.8 microns) by reducing cellular @entity1184 . The short duration of treatment did not allow regression of the modifications in the density of the proteins of the interstitial matrix. In conclusion, @entity2792 severely alters the functional and structural properties of large arteries. Treatment with @entity4687 normalizes the properties of the vessel wall.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Effects of chronic converting enzyme inhibition on the structure and function of large arteries in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in systemic arterial compliance']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Development of the cortical map is experience dependent, with different critical periods in different cortical layers. Previous work in rodent barrel cortex indicates that sensory deprivation leads to changes in synaptic transmission and plasticity in layer 2/3 and 4. Here, we studied the impact of sensory deprivation on the intrinsic properties of layer 5 pyramidal neurons located in @entity35 barrel cortex using simultaneous somatic and dendritic recording. Sensory deprivation was achieved by clipping all the whiskers on one side of the snout. Loss of sensory input did not change somatic active and resting membrane properties, and did not influence dendritic action potential (AP) backpropagation. In contrast, sensory deprivation led to an increase in the percentage of layer 5 pyramidal neurons showing burst firing. This was associated with a reduction in the threshold for generation of dendritic @entity460 spikes during high-frequency AP trains. Cell-attached recordings were used to assess changes in the properties and expression of dendritic @entity31261 channels. These experiments indicated that sensory deprivation caused a decrease in @entity31261 channel density in distal regions of the apical dendrite. To assess the contribution of @entity31261 down-regulation on the observed increase in @entity2343 following sensory deprivation, we investigated the impact of blocking @entity31261 channels. Block of @entity31261 channels removed differences in dendritic @entity460 electrogenesis between control and deprived neurons. In conclusion, these observations indicate that sensory loss leads to increased @entity2343 of cortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons. Furthermore, they suggest that increased dendritic @entity460 electrogenesis following sensory deprivation is mediated in part via down-regulation of dendritic @entity31261 channels.

title: Loss of sensory input increases the intrinsic excitability of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in XXXX barrel cortex.

entities_list: @entity2343 :: ('MESH:D007635', 'Disease') :: ['dendritic excitability']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this case study was to determine the feasibility of peer-led telephone counseling for @entity1 with @entity6 related to physical activity (PA) and to establish preliminary efficacy of peer-led telephone counseling for eliciting recommended changes in PA-related cognitions and behaviors for adults with @entity6 . METHODS: A total of 8 adults (5 males and 3 females, aged 59.5 (6.5) years) with @entity6 completed quantitative self-report measures of aerobic-based PA, resistance training (RT), along with metrics from @entity73 ( @entity73 ) before and after a 12-week intervention. Qualitative data from weekly peer-led telephone sessions were collected by a peer counselor and subsequently organized into themes and analyzed using a mixed-methods, collective case-study approach. RESULTS: PA behaviors remained relatively constant over the 12-week intervention. Self-efficacy for RT improved (z = -2.03; P = .04). From the peer counselor's perspective, identifiable inhibitors to PA, which included low self-efficacy and disease condition limitations, were successfully translated into enablers/motivators. Perceived health benefits were frequently reported by the peer counselor as motivators for the @entity1 over the study period. @entity1 believed peer counseling by telephone influenced their decision to continue to participate in PA. CONCLUSION: Theory-based, peer-led telephone counseling shows some promise for increasing receptiveness to PA, but had little effect on improving behavior for most @entity1 . Further studies will be necessary to determine the effectiveness and the sustainability of this approach.

title: Peer telephone counseling for adults with XXXX : a case-study approach to inform the design, development, and evaluation of programs targeting physical activity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'social cognitive theory']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: AIM: Comparison of MRI with a newly developed high-resolution multi-pinhole single photon emission computed tomography (MPH-SPECT) regarding the detection of bony pathologies of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints in @entity1 with early @entity309 (ERA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinically dominant hand of 15 @entity1 with ERA (disease duration 6 months) was examined using MRI and MPH-SPECT. The evaluation of MRI was achieved according to RAMRIS criteria and for the MPH SPECT regarding pathological tracer uptake and distribution. Image fusions of MRI and MPH-SPECT were provided and the two methods were compared. RESULTS: In MRI 12 of 15 @entity1 showed arthritic joint pathologies, while 8 @entity1 exhibited soft tissue and bony changes. 4 @entity1 had only soft tissue inflammation ( @entity603 ) with a normal bone signal. In MPH-SPECT 10 of 15 @entity1 showed pathologically increased bone metabolism. The fusion images presented a high agreement of the pathological changes in both methods, while areas with increased bone metabolism were not only present in the case of @entity2681 , but also in the case of bone @entity4 . In 2 @entity1 increased bone metabolism was detectable in areas of MR tomographic normal bone, while a clear surrounding @entity603 was present in each case here. CONCLUSION: The comparison of MPH-SPECT with MRI proves that the latter is a sensitive procedure for the detection of bony pathologies of @entity2720 in ERA. A normal bone signal in MRI does not exclude early changes in bone metabolism in cases of severe @entity12897 .

title: [Bony pathologies of the metacarpophalangeal joints in early XXXX : comparison of MRI and high-resolution SPECT].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12897 :: ('MESH:D013581', 'Disease') :: ['synovialitis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['MCP joints']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: The major aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of chitosan microspheres containing @entity205 ( @entity870 ) on @entity2383 in @entity131 ( @entity131 ) animal model. @entity130 was introduced to male Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 similar to that of modified Feeney Method. Briefly, after craniectomy in the left parietal region (5   mm). @entity130 was performed by dropping 24   g metal sterile rods through a teflon guide tube (9.3   cm) on a foot plate placed over the duramater. Just after the @entity130 , 20   mg/kg @entity870 ( @entity205 ) has been administered to the traumatised SD @entity35 intraperitoneally (i.p.). On the other hand, only chitosan microspheres containing 10   mg/kg was implanted at the craniectomy area locally after @entity130 in Group E. A small piece of surgicell was placed over the craniectomy hole and the scalp incision was sutured. 24   h after injury and the brain tissues were removed intact. The results were evaluated through lipid peroxidation ratio and ultrastructural grading system. The statistical comparisons were evaluated by using Mann Whitney- U test at the significance level p   =   0.05. The lipid peroxidation ratios of sham (78.4    +/-    6.0   nmol/g tissue) and vehicle (80.2    +/- 10.6   nmol/g tissue) were significantly increased 24   h after @entity131 . However, for treatment groups (i.p. @entity870 ; 20   mg/kg) and (10   mg/kg @entity870 in microspheres), statistically significant lower lipid peroxidation ratios were determined as 53.5    +/- 9.7 and 47.9    +/-   8.1   nmol/g tissue, respectively (p   <   0.05). The @entity2383 scores of the treatment groups were recorded as 21.7    +/-2.6 and 19.4    +/-   3.9 for Group D and Group E, respectively. Both of these scores of the treatment groups were found as significantly different from the sham and vehicle groups' scores individually. The implantation of microsphere formulation has provided a better efficiency in keeping the uniformity of mitochondrial structure in this complex cascade of events after @entity131 .

title: Local administration of chitosan microspheres after @entity131 in @entity35 : a new challenge for XXXX --a delivery.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Sandimmune', 'cyclosporine-A']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial damage']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Impaction of foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract represents a rare endoscopic emergency regarding the danger of organic lesions. Therefore, the therapeutic strategy, rational postinterventional monitoring and potential consequences for the course in the future are often not clear. METHODS: Out of all oesophagogastroduodenoscopies performed between 2008 and 2010 (n = 10,830), the endoscopies due to bolus impaction were analysed retrospectively concerning endoscopic findings, course of intervention and causative predisposing factors using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: In the study period, endoscopy was performed in 45 different @entity1 49 times when @entity5744 was suspected. In 38 cases (77.6%) a foreign body could be detected by endoscopy, most frequently a meat bolus (65.8%), followed by dental prostheses and tablets. Endoscopic removal could be successfully performed in 97.4%. An operation was necessary in only one @entity1 . A macroscopically unremarkable upper gastrointestinal tract without any predisposing conditions for @entity5744 could be detected in 33.3%. In one case @entity1712 could be diagnosed histologically. The foreign body was pushed into the stomach by the "push technique" in 54.1%. The foreign body removal was performed as an ambulant intervention in 63.2%. DISCUSSION: In the majority of cases, impacted foreign bodies of the upper gastrointestinal tract could be removed safely by endoscopy, e.g., using the "push technique". However, the therapeutic strategy should be individually adjusted based on the consistancy of the foreign body. If no predisposing conditions can be found, histological diagnosis should be performed to detect potential @entity1712 early enough.

title: [Management of impacted foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract in adult XXXX - results of a retrospective case series].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5744 :: ('MESH:D005547', 'Disease') :: ['foreign body impaction']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic oesophagitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The aim of this study was to establish a method for quantitative detection of @entity7639 ( @entity7639 ) gene rearrangements and to explore its clinical application in monitoring @entity41 ( @entity41 ) of @entity981 ( @entity981 ). Clonal @entity7639 gene rearrangements in 51 @entity1 with @entity981 at diagnosis were identified by multiplex PCR assay. PCR products were sequenced and pairwise in IMGT data base. Allele-specific oligonucleotides primers were designed complementary to the junctional region. The conservative JH primers combined with TaqMan probes were used to monitor the level of @entity41 in @entity981 @entity1 . The sensitivity and specificity were assessed as well. The results indicated that out of all the 51 @entity981 @entity1 , @entity7639 rearrangements were identified in 21 cases, and 15 @entity1 out of them were quantified. The slope of the standard curves was -3.1 to -3.9 and the correlation coefficients of all standard curves were > 0.98. The sensitivity was between 10(-4) and 10(-5), only one @entity1 's sensitivity was 10(-3). Most of the quantitative range was less than 10(-4). The background's nonspecific amplification was detectable at a low level and had a little influence on results. 7 @entity1 whose @entity41 level below 10(-3) kept complete remission and another 8 @entity1 whose @entity41 level above 10(-3) had a higher relapse rate. It is concluded that the analysis of @entity7639 gene rearrangements with RQ-PCR is a highly sensitive, specific and reliable method for accurate evaluation of @entity41 in @entity981 . The data indicates a high correlation between the level of @entity7639 rearrangements and the prognosis in @entity981 @entity1 .

title: [Dynamic monitoring of XXXX in @entity981 ].

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity7639 :: ('3495', 'Gene') :: ['immunoglobulin heavy chain', 'IgH']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'minimal residual disease']

answer: @entity41 :: (MESH:D018365,Disease) :: ['minimal residual disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the intensive care unit costs and determine factors influencing these costs in mechanically ventilated @entity1 randomized to @entity6948 or @entity1363 by continuous infusion. DESIGN: Cost minimization analysis of a double-blind, multicenter clinical trial randomizing @entity1 2:1 to receive @entity6948 or @entity1363 from the institutional perspective. SETTING: Sixty-eight intensive care units in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, and Argentina. @entity1 : A total of 366 intubated intensive care unit patients anticipated to require sedation for >24 hrs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Intensive care unit resource use was compared within the two treatment arms, using the U.S. representative costs for these resources. The analyses characterized @entity1 costs from start of study drug until intensive care unit discharge including costs associated with the intensive care unit stay, costs during mechanical ventilation, study drug acquisition cost, and costs of treating @entity137 probably or possibly related to study drugs. Blinded to treatment group, costs were calculated using Medicare reimbursement schedules, average IMS drug costs, expert opinion, and peer-reviewed literature. Censored lengths of intensive care unit stay and mechanical ventilation were imputed, using a nonparametric adjustment algorithm. Crude and multivariate median regressions were performed to relate intensive care unit cost and treatment. Including drug acquisition cost, sedation with @entity6948 was associated with a median total intensive care unit cost savings of  9679 (confidence interval,  2314- 17,045) compared with @entity1363 . The primary cost drivers were reduced costs of intensive care unit stay (median savings,  6584, 95% confidence interval,  727- 12,440) and reduced costs of mechanical ventilation (median savings,  2958, 95% confidence interval,  698- 5219). CONCLUSIONS: Continuous sedation with @entity6948 results in significantly lower total intensive care unit costs compared with @entity1363 infusion for intensive care unit sedation, primarily due to decreased intensive care unit stay costs and reduced mechanical ventilation costs.

title: A cost-minimization analysis of XXXX compared with @entity1363 for long-term sedation in the intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['adverse drug reactions']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity6948 :: (MESH:D020927,Chemical) :: ['dexmedetomidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary, preoperative medical treatment is an option in selected @entity1 with @entity2012 , but a subset of @entity1 respond poorly. Valid prediction of response to @entity1943 analogues (SA) might thus alter treatment stratification. The aims of this study were to assess whether T2 signal intensity could determine long-term response to first-line SA treatment and to assess clinical and biochemical baseline characteristics, as well as histological subtype in relation to the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances. METHODS: In 45 newly diagnosed @entity1 , T2-weighted signal intensity of the @entity5 was classified into hypo-, iso- or hyperintense. Biochemical and clinical baseline variables for the three groups were compared. In 25 @entity1 primarily treated with long-acting SA for a median of 6 months [interquartile range (IQR):155-180 days], GH and @entity442 reduction was assessed, and in 34 cases, immunohistochemical granulation pattern was evaluated. RESULTS: The results showed that 12 (27%) @entity652 were hypointense, 15 (33%) isointense and 18 (40%) hyperintense. Median @entity442 [ratio @entity442 ; (upper limit of normal)] was 3  5 (2  3-4  9), 2  9 (2  6-3  8) and 1  9 (1  3-2  6), respectively (P = 0  006 for difference between groups). Median GH values ( g/l) of a 3- to 5-point profile were 17  5 (6  1-35), 9  3 (6  0-32  5) and 4  1 (1  5-8  3), (P = 0  025). Median @entity442 reduction (% of baseline) after first-line SA treatment was 51 (49-70), 36 (19-74) and 13 (5-42) (P = 0  03); median reduction in GH (% of baseline) was 86 (72-94), 78 (62-85) and 46 (1-70) (P = 0  02). T2 hyperintensity was associated with sparse granulation pattern on immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity2012 , T2 signal intensity at diagnosis correlates with histological features and predicts biochemical outcome of first-line SA treatment.

title: Intensity of pituitary @entity652 on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging predicts the response to octreotide treatment in newly diagnosed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Persisters are dormant phenotypic variants of bacterial cells that are tolerant to killing by antibiotics(1). Persisters are associated with @entity281 and antibiotic treatment failure(1-3). In @entity526 coli, toxin/antitoxin (TA) modules have been linked to persister formation(4-6). The mechanism of persister formation in Gram-positive bacteria is unknown. @entity794 is a major @entity1 pathogen, responsible for a variety of chronic and relapsing @entity281 such as @entity4034 , @entity884 and @entity281 of implanted devices. Deleting TA modules in @entity16330 did not affect the level of persisters. Here we show that @entity16330 persisters are produced due to a stochastic entrance into stationary phase accompanied by a drop in intracellular @entity855 . Cells expressing stationary state markers are present throughout the growth phase, increasing in frequency with cell density. Cell sorting revealed that expression of stationary markers is associated with a 100-1000 fold increase in the likelihood of survival to antibiotic challenge. The @entity855 level of the cell is predictive of bactericidal antibiotic efficacy and explains bacterial tolerance to antibiotics.

title: Persister formation in @entity794 is associated with XXXX depletion.

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'chronic infections']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study examined the responses of @entity1 of a Belgian fertility center to mailed requests to make or renew an @entity2085 ( @entity2085 ), over a period of 15 years, to investigate trends in the decisions. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on a mailing program from 1992 to 2006, for @entity1 , of the Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital (Belgium), from whom embryos had been cryopreserved at least 2 years. RESULTS: In 15 years, 3840 @entity2085 forms were prepared for 2334 couples or female @entity1 . The number of forms increased from 21 in 1992 to 558 in 2006. Each year, around a third of the forms were not returned. In general, a quarter of @entity1 who received more than one form never answered. Donation to others for reproduction was overall the least popular option and decreased over the years. The rising trend in decisions to discard reversed into a negative trend from the introduction of donation for science (1997). Since then, donation for science has been the most popular option and its popularity increased with time. In 15 years, 2504 embryos were donated for science. More than a quarter of the @entity1 who chose more than one final @entity2085 in different years did not select the same @entity2085 the second time. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a positive trend in donation for science and a negative trend in donation to others and discarding. A substantial number of individual @entity1 chose different types of EDDs in consecutive mailings, which shows that advance @entity2085 directives should be used with caution.

title: Trends in embryo disposition decisions: XXXX ' responses to a 15-year mailing program.

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['EDD', 'embryo disposition decision']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether @entity1714 is present in a breed of domestic @entity235 , the Labrador retriever, and how the ocular components are related to @entity2516 in this breed. METHODS: Cycloplegic @entity2516 was measured in 75 Labrador retrievers by retinoscopy. Corneal and crystalline lens radii of curvature were measured in the right eyes of 57 of these @entity235 using a video-based keratophakometer, with axial ocular dimensions measured using A-scan ultrasonography. RESULTS: Of the 75 @entity235 tested, 11 (14.7%) were myopic by at least -0.50 D in one eye, and 6 (8.0%) were @entity735 (full range of @entity2516 , +3.50 D to -5.00 D). Of the 57 @entity235 with ocular component measurements, seven (12.3%) were myopic by at least -0.50 D in the right eye. There was a significant negative correlation between @entity2516 (Spearman r = -0.42; P < 0.001). @entity735 had an elongated vitreous chamber depth (10.87+/-0.34 mm for myopic @entity235 , 10.02+/-0.40 mm for nonmyopic @entity235 ; P < 0.0001, Kruskal-Wallis test). There was also a significant quadratic association between lens thickness and vitreous chamber depth (P < 0.005; R2 = 0. 11), indicating that thinner lenses occurred at both shorter and longer vitreous chamber depths. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1714 in the Labrador retriever is analogous to @entity1 @entity1714 in that it is caused by an elongated vitreous chamber. Thinner crystalline lenses found at longer vitreous chamber depths may be analogous to lens thinning documented in @entity1 ocular development. The Labrador retriever warrants investigation as a potential model of @entity1714 that is naturally occurring rather than experimentally induced.

title: Naturally occurring vitreous chamber-based XXXX in the Labrador retriever.

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error and vitreous chamber depth', 'refractive error', 'refractive errors']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['myopic in both eyes', 'Myopic eyes']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['Myopia', 'myopia']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: @entity20962 ( @entity2768 , heavy water) exerts an antiproliferative effect on a variety of cells in vitro and on some organisms. This effect is mainly ascribed to a tubulin-mediated antimitotic action. We evaluated the morphology, the mitotic activity, and the dynamics of the cell cycle of @entity11497 cells grown in vitro in the presence of 75% @entity2768 for up to eight weeks by microspectrophotometric DNA measurements as well as flow cytometric analysis and a determination of mitotic indices. Substitution of heavy water for water in the culture medium initially increased the mitotic index by a (pro-) metaphase block but after 2 to 3 days of incubation no mitotic figures were seen. Analysis of cells grown for 6 days in medium containing 75% @entity2768 revealed accumulation of cells in S/G2-phase. Extended treatment stabilized the high level of cells in this specific phase, when compared to normal growing cells. Cells grown for 1 to 6 weeks in the presence of @entity2768 remained non-proliferating, nevertheless, they were able to divide again after recovery in non-deuterated medium. The time needed for resumption of the mitotic activity was proportional to the duration of @entity20962 exposure. Cells incubated for 8 weeks in 75% @entity2768 did not recommence mitotic activity. Light and electron microscopic examination revealed characteristic morphological changes of size and ciliation in @entity11497 cells subjected to prolonged deuteration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity20962 (heavy water) arrests the cell cycle of XXXX cells during interphase.

entities_list: @entity20962 :: ('MESH:D017666', 'Chemical') :: ['deuterium oxide', 'Deuterium oxide']

answer: @entity11497 :: (9310,Species) :: ['PtK2']


abstract: PURPOSE: The authors sought to study the relationship between Doppler ultrasonography and deterioration of renal function in @entity1 with @entity1566 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 who underwent follow-up with radioisotopic renography were evaluated. Median @entity1 age was 50 [interquartile ratio (IQR) 35-57] years, and time since injury was 4.7 (IQR 1.3-9.2) years. Following Doppler ultrasound, @entity1 were divided into groups based on baseline renal resistive index (RRI): normal RRI ( <= 0.7), group 1 (n=14); and abnormal RRI (> 0.7), group 2 (n=5), and were followed up with radioisotopic renography 1 or more years later. Annual change in effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) was analysed. RESULTS: The 38 kidneys (two for each @entity1 ) were stratified by initial RRI, with 28 in group 1 and ten in group 2. Result of univariate generalised estimation equation (GEE) analysis for the factors affecting the change in effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) indicated that the high RRI value (RRI > 0.7) correlated with the change in ERPF. ERPF value in group 2 was significantly decreased (p=0.01) by an average of 60.33 ml/min (standard error = 23.26). CONCLUSIONS: An RRI > 0.7 is a risk factor for @entity177 in @entity1 with @entity1566 . Thus, annual Doppler ultrasonography to assess the RRI and the degree of @entity3041 is recommended.

title: Value of Doppler ultrasonography in predicting @entity177 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['future renal function deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: A retrospective analysis was undertaken of the late complications observed in 4527 @entity1 with @entity189 treated by megavoltage radiotherapy during the years 1976-1985. Unconventional fractionation schedules were used because of serious resource limitations. The median equivalent doses were 65 Gy to the nasopharyngeal region and 53 Gy to the cervical region. 707 @entity1 had reirradiation for local recurrences and 250 for regional relapses. The 10-year actuarial cancer-specific survival was 47%, and the corresponding all-complication-free and @entity16 -free rates were 40% and 72%, respectively. Altogether, 1395 (31%) @entity1 developed one or more late irradiation sequelae. The majority were mild soft-tissue damages, but 322 (7%) had significant functional disturbances, from which 62 (1%) died. @entity16 that occurred in 450 (10%) @entity1 constituted the major morbidity and accounted for all but three of the treatment mortalities. The cumulative incidence of the various complications is summarized, and the data recorded in the literature reviewed in order to give a proper perspective of the problem. @entity1 treated during 1981-1985 had a significantly higher actuarial @entity35423 -free rate than those treated during 1976-1980, but the incidence-free rates for the other @entity16 remained unimproved, suggesting that the improvement could be mainly attributed to additional shielding for the brainstem rather than the reduction of dose from 3.8-4.2 Gy to 2.5 Gy per fraction.

title: Retrospective analysis of XXXX treated during 1976-1985: late complications following megavoltage irradiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological-complication', 'Neurological damage', 'neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity35423 :: ('MESH:C563024', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelopathy']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to show the use and effectiveness of nasal alar rim flap on the correction of @entity3384 . METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1 (age range, 10-29 years; mean, 15.1 years; 14 male and 17 female @entity1 ) with @entity3384 underwent rhinoplasty surgery using alar rim flap. The excessive skin of nasal alar was marked, then a skin flap was raised. This flap can be transferred medially (type 1) or laterally (type 2) to narrow the nostril or to augment the nasal sill and, of course, to correct the @entity85 . Preoperative and postoperative photographs were measured for photogrammetric analysis in 16 @entity1 . RESULT: The alar rim flap used in @entity1 with @entity3384 made the nostrils more symmetrical. The nostril sill was augmented with flap type 1. The alar base width was narrowed with @entity1605 (P = 0.03). The @entity85 was corrected. CONCLUSIONS: The alar rim flap could be an ideal treatment option for correction of @entity85 in @entity1 of @entity3384 .

title: Correction of @entity3384 XXXX using nasal alar rim flap.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['alar web deformity']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity', 'unilateral cleft lip']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['nose deformity']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study compared the bone regeneration response of different bone graft materials inside canals within anodized @entity702 implants in cortical and cancellous bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Upper and lower transverse canals were created in anodic oxidized-surface @entity702 implants to serve as sites for cortical and cancellous bone regeneration, respectively. The canals were filled with bone graft materials-- @entity95 bone marrow--derived mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma, xenograft, or alloplast (micromacroporous biphasic @entity78 )-or left empty (as a control). Eighty implants were surgically placed into the tibiae of 20 New Zealand white @entity95 . After 4 and 12 weeks of healing, histomorphometric analysis was performed to measure the newly formed bone areas (NBs) inside the canals. RESULTS: Inside the upper canals, the bone graft groups provided significantly higher NBs than the control (no graft). However, there was no significant difference in NBs between the bone graft groups. Inside the lower canals, no significant difference in NBs was shown among the all groups. The NBs inside the upper canals were significantly greater than those inside the lower canals in all groups after 4 and 12 weeks, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In the cortical bone, there was significant difference in bone regeneration between the control and the bone graft groups. However, there was no significant difference among the bone graft groups in cortical and cancellous bone regeneration. There was significant difference in bone regeneration between the cortical and cancellous bone regions in the all groups using the @entity702 canal model.

title: Bone regeneration with XXXX bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and bone graft materials.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'rabbits']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity33 , a common side effect of chemotherapy, is characterized by compromised digestive function, barrier integrity and immune competence. AIMS: Our aim was to evaluate the impact of a specifically designed diet @entity17830 ( @entity17830 ), which contains whey proteins, @entity1810 -rich casein, and free @entity1160 , on @entity33 in @entity35 . METHODS: @entity33 was induced by three consecutive injections (day 0, day 1, day 2) of @entity1499 (2.5 mg/kg). @entity35 had free access to @entity17830 or placebo diets from days -7 to 9. In the placebo diet, whey proteins and @entity1810 -rich casein were replaced by @entity1810 -free casein and @entity1160 by @entity493 . Intestinal parameters were assessed at day 3 and 9. Values, expressed as mean +/- SEM, were compared using two-way ANOVA. RESULTS: At day 3, villus height was markedly decreased in the placebo (296 +/- 11 microm) and @entity17830 groups (360 +/- 10 microm) compared with controls (464 +/- 27 microm), but more markedly in the placebo as compared to @entity17830 group. The intestinal damage score was also reduced in the @entity17830 compared with the placebo group. @entity2041 content increased in the @entity17830 compared with the placebo group (2.2 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.7 +/- 0.2 micromol/g tissue). Gut protein metabolism was more affected in the placebo than in the @entity17830 group. The fractional synthesis rate was decreased in the placebo group (93.8 +/- 4.9%/day) compared with controls (121.5 +/- 12.1, P < 0.05), but not in the @entity17830 group (106.0 +/- 13.1). In addition, at day 9, @entity35 exhibited improved body weight and food intake recovery in the @entity17830 compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity17830 feeding reduces intestinal injury in the acute phase of @entity1499 -induced @entity33 in @entity35 and improves recovery.

title: A diet containing whey protein, @entity1160 , and @entity1810 modulates gut protein metabolism during chemotherapy-induced @entity33 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis', 'Mucositis']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity17830 :: ('MESH:C536411', 'Disease') :: ['Clinutren Protect', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diuretics are widely prescribed for @entity101 not only as a first-line drug but also as a second-line drug. Therefore, it is essential to determine the effects of diuretics on blood pressure (BP), heart rate and withdrawals due to adverse effects (WDAEs) when given as a second-line drug. OBJECTIVES: To quantify the additional reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of diuretic therapy as a second-line drug in @entity1 with primary @entity101 SEARCH STRATEGY: CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2008, Issue 2), MEDLINE (1966-July 2008), EMBASE (1988-July 2008) and bibliographic citations of articles and reviews were searched. SELECTION CRITERIA: Double-blind, randomized, controlled trials evaluating the BP lowering efficacy of a diuretic in combination therapy with another class of anti- @entity101 drugs compared with the respective monotherapy (without a diuretic) for a duration of 3 to 12 weeks in @entity1 with primary @entity101 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently extracted the data and assessed trial quality. MAIN RESULTS: Fifty-three double-blind RCTs evaluating a @entity2740 in 15129 @entity101 @entity1 (baseline BP of 156/101 mmHg) were included. @entity918 was the @entity2740 used in 49/53 (92%) of the included studies. The additional BP reduction caused by the @entity2740 as a second drug was estimated by comparing the difference in BP reduction between the combination and monotherapy groups. @entity7206 as a second-line drug reduced BP by 6/3 and 8/4 mmHg at doses of 1 and 2 times the manufacturer's recommended starting dose respectively. The BP lowering effect was dose related. The effect was similar to that obtained when @entity7206 are used as a single agent. Only 3 double-blind RCTs evaluating loop diuretics were identified. These RCTs showed a BP lowering effect of a starting dose of about 6/3 mmHg. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: @entity7206 when given as a second-line drug have a dose related effect to lower blood pressure that is similar to when they are added as a first-line drug. This means that the BP lowering effect of @entity7206 is additive. Loop diuretics appear to have a similar blood pressure lowering effect as @entity7206 at 1 times the recommended starting dose. Because of the short duration of the trials and lack of reporting of adverse events, this review does not provide a good estimate of the incidence of adverse effects of diuretics given as a second-line drug.

title: Blood pressure lowering efficacy of diuretics as second-line therapy for primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity7206 :: ('MESH:D049971', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazides', 'Thiazides']

entities_list: @entity2740 :: ('CHEBI:50264', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazide']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical outcomes of an @entity146 combined cooling technique for exertional @entity6167 in Thailand. METHODS: We analyzed @entity1 who were diagnosed with exertional @entity6167 between 1995 and 2007. Outcomes were assessed both in hospital and at 3 months follow-up. RESULTS: Twenty-eight cases of exertional @entity6167 presented to Phramongkutklao Army Hospital over 12 years. All @entity1 developed @entity409 and @entity75 . Twenty-four cases had @entity810 , 7 of whom required dialysis. @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ) was detected in 9 @entity1 (32.1%). In-hospital mortality was 7.1%. Most survivors recovered with nearly normal organ function. However, 9 exhibited prolonged @entity51 and 2 had chronic @entity8 requiring hemodialysis. At 3-month follow-up, neurologic and @entity8 in those @entity1 persisted. Higher serum prothrombin time and @entity5642 correlated to fatality. The @entity1 whose core body temperature achieved 38 degrees C within 3 hours revealed a significantly lower @entity5642 and twice as low in the frequency of poor outcome than the @entity1 cooled longer than 3 hours to reduce core body temperature to 38 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS: Despite early recognition and @entity146 combined cooling, exertional @entity6167 remains associated with @entity409 . However, our 7.1% in-hospital mortality rate was low compared to previous studies. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are critical.

title: Exertional XXXX : early recognition and outcome with @entity146 combined cooling--a 12-year experience.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['DIC', 'Disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6167 :: ('MESH:D018883', 'Disease') :: ['heatstroke']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

answer: @entity6167 :: (MESH:D018883,Disease) :: ['heatstroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity293 ( @entity293 ) are one of the most common @entity281 among @entity1 worldwide. @entity526 often causes more than 75% of acute uncomplicated @entity293 , however, little is known about how recurrent UTIs and indiscriminate use of antimicrobials affect the aetiology of UTIs. This study aimed to establish the aetiology of @entity293 in a population of recurrent and self-medicated @entity1 referred from pharmacies to a hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam and to describe genotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of the associated bacterial pathogens. The aetiology of bacterial pathogens associated with @entity293 (defined as >=  104 CFU/ml urine) was established by phenotypic and molecular methods. @entity797 isolates were typed by Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST), Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. METHODS: Urine samples from 276 @entity1 suffering symptoms of @entity293 were collected and cultured on Flexicult agar   allowing for detection of the most common urine pathogens. @entity1 were interviewed about underlying diseases, duration of symptoms, earlier episodes of @entity293 , number of episodes diagnosed by doctors and treatment in relation to @entity293 . All tentative @entity797 and @entity6375 isolates were identified to species level by PCR, 16S rRNA and partial sequencing of the groEL gene. @entity797 isolates were further characterized by Multi Locus Sequence Typing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. RESULTS: Mean age of 49 @entity1 was 48 yrs (range was 11-86 yrs) and included 94% @entity1 . On average, @entity1 reported to have suffered from @entity293 for 348 days (range 3 days-10 years, and experienced 2.7 UTIs during the previous year). Cephalosporins were reported the second drug of choice in treatment of @entity293 at the hospital. @entity797 (55.1%), @entity526 (12.2%) and @entity34595 (8.2%) were main bacterial pathogens. MIC testing of @entity797 showed susceptibility to @entity869 , @entity114 and @entity2176 , but high-level resistance against @entity801 (48.1%). MLST revealed 12 Sequence Types (ST) of which @entity35608 made up 44.5% and showed closely related PFGE types. CONCLUSION: The different aetiology of @entity293 compared with reports elsewhere, where @entity526 dominates, may be a result of chronic and recurrent UTIs together with indiscriminate use of antimicrobials. The similar genotypes shown by epidemiologically unrelated @entity35608 isolates in Vietnam and elsewhere, suggest that @entity797 @entity35608 might represent a globally distributed clone. Treatment of @entity293 with cephalosporins may select for @entity797 as it is intrinsic resistant and further studies are needed to establish the source(s) and role of @entity797 @entity35608 in acute @entity293 .

title: XXXX and @entity34595 spp. associated with chronic and self-medicated urinary tract @entity281 in Vietnam.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity34595 :: ('197614', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis', 'E. faecalis']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'Urinary tract infections', 'UTI']

answer: @entity797 :: (1351,Species) :: ['Enterococcus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the benefits of preoperative admission for intravenous @entity230 and antibiotics for @entity1 undergoing @entity5513 excision. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: One hundred twenty @entity1 with pathologically confirmed @entity5513 followed for at least 1 year after surgery were included. Sixty @entity1 were assigned to the preoperative admission group and 60 @entity1 to the same-day-admission surgery group. The preoperative admission group was given intravenous @entity619 (0.1 mg/kg) and intravenous @entity7048 (1 g) beginning 12 hours before surgery. The same-day-surgery group received the same dosage of medication beginning at induction of anesthesia. OUTCOMES: Facial nerve function, @entity693 , and wound @entity281 rates, duration of hospital stay, and readmission rates were examined. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference in @entity2103 between the groups when controlling for @entity5 size. Likewise, there was no difference in @entity693 or wound @entity281 rates in the groups. As expected, hospital stay was significantly reduced but readmission rates were not affected. CONCLUSIONS: There are no apparent @entity2103 or @entity281 control benefits to 1-day preoperative admission for intravenous @entity230 and antibiotics for @entity1 undergoing @entity5513 excision.

title: Preoperative antibiotics and @entity230 in XXXX excision.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity7048 :: ('MESH:D002437', 'Chemical') :: ['cefazolin']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve function']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannoma']


abstract: Total serum IgE (tIgE), allergen-specific IgE (sIgE), and skin prick test (SPT) are commonly used markers for @entity402 and @entity66 . The association between these measures and their relationship to clinical symptoms differs in affluent and non-affluent countries. We investigated the role of @entity281 in observed variations in @entity2100 and @entity565 , and possible diagnostic and epidemiological consequences. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Cuban schoolchildren (n = 1285; 4-14 yrs). Atopy was determined by SPT, sIgE, and tIgE; @entity565 by International Study of @entity566 in Childhood questionnaire; and @entity281 by stool examination. Percentages of tIgE, sIgE, and SPT positives were 88.9%, 25.5%, and 16.5%, respectively. @entity565 was found in 20.8%, and @entity281 in 20.9% of the @entity1 . All three @entity2100 were significantly associated with each other and with @entity565 . Median tIgE levels were higher in helminth-infected than in uninfected @entity1 , irrespective of their status of @entity402 / @entity565 . Discordant results between SPT and sIgE were observed in 22.6% of the @entity1 . Among SPT positives, 41% were sIgE negative. The proportion of SPT negatives among sIgE positives was 74% in helminth-infected and 58.4% in uninfected @entity1 (p < 0.05). @entity281 affected tIgE levels, reconfirming the limited value of tIgE for diagnosis of @entity402 and @entity565 in tropical areas. Higher frequencies of sIgE than positive SPTs were observed, especially in helminth-infected @entity1 . This corresponds with current hypothesis on the role of helminths in @entity402 . However, the observed proportion of sIgE negatives among @entity1 with positive SPT suggests that other mechanisms may also be involved.

title: Associations between XXXX in @entity565 and @entity281 in Cuban schoolchildren.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic disease']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['Asthma and Allergies']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Helminth infections', 'helminth infections', 'intestinal helminth infections']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['atopic markers']

answer: @entity2100 :: (MESH:D005600,Disease) :: ['atopic markers']


abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of personalized peptide vaccination ( @entity2286 ) combined with chemotherapy for @entity1 with previously treated advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1 and Methods. Previously treated PS0-1 @entity1 with IIIB/IV @entity470 ( @entity470 ) wild genotype @entity1149 were randomly assigned to @entity1205 (60   mg/m(2) on Day 1) plus @entity2286 based on preexisting host immunity or @entity1205 plus placebo. @entity1205 administration was repeated every 3 weeks until disease progression. Personalized peptides or placebo was injected subcutaneously weekly in the first 8 weeks and biweekly in subsequent 16 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Results. @entity2286 related @entity137 was grade 2 or less skin reaction. The median PFS for placebo arm and @entity2286 arm was 52 days and 59 days, respectively. There was no significant difference between two arms by log-rank test (p = 0.42). Interestingly, PFS and overall survival (OS) in humoral immunological responder were significantly longer than those in nonresponder. Conclusion. @entity2286 did not improve the survival in combination with @entity1205 for previously treated advanced @entity1149 . However, @entity2286 may be efficacious for the humoral immunological responders and a further clinical investigation is needed.

title: Randomized Phase II Study of XXXX plus Personalized Peptide Vaccination versus @entity1205 plus Placebo for @entity1 with Previously Treated Advanced Wild Type @entity470 Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel', 'Docetaxel']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['Docetaxel']


abstract: Hfq is an abundant RNA-binding bacterial protein that was first identified in @entity526 as a required host factor for phage Qbeta RNA replication. The pleiotrophic phenotype resulting from the deletion of Hfq predicates the importance of this protein. Two RNA-binding sites have been characterized: the proximal site which binds sRNA and mRNA and the distal site which binds poly(A) tails. Previous studies mainly focused on the key residues in the proximal site of the protein. A recent mutation study in @entity526 Hfq showed that a distal residue Val43 is important for the protein function. Interestingly, when we analyzed the sequence and structure of @entity794 Hfq using the CONSEQ server, the results elicited that more functional residues were located far from the @entity377 -binding portion (NBP). From the analysis seven individual residues Asp9, Leu12, @entity367 13, Lys16, @entity7647 31, @entity4022 34 and @entity2574 40 were selected to investigate the conformational changes in Hfq-RNA complex due to point mutation effect of those residues using molecular dynamics simulations. Results showed a significant effect on @entity2734 28 which is an already known highly conserved functionally important residue. Mutants D9A, @entity31908 and @entity31909 depicted effects on base stacking along with increase in RNA pore diameter, which is required for the threading of RNA through the pore for the post-translational modification. Further, the result of protein stability analysis by the CUPSAT server showed destabilizing effect in the most mutants. From this study we characterized a series of important residues located far from the NBP and provide some clues that those residues may affect sRNA binding in Hfq.

title: Molecular modeling study on the effect of residues distant from the @entity377 -binding portion on RNA binding in XXXX Hfq.

entities_list: @entity31909 :: ('p|SUB|K|16|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K16A']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity31908 :: ('p|SUB|E|13|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['E13A']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The presence of @entity99 ( @entity99 ) is a rare finding. It is most commonly caused by bowel @entity39 and typically carries a grave prognosis. Bevacizumab has emerged as an effective standard therapy in the frontline management of advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Although bevacizumab is associated with @entity344 , it has not been shown to cause @entity99 . CASE: A 75-year-old @entity1 , diagnosed with metastatic @entity1149 , was treated with palliative chemotherapy consisting of @entity1311 , @entity3003 , and bevacizumab for six cycles. He continued on maintenance bevacizumab after that for a total of six doses, given every 3 weeks, with continued stable disease. During a surveillance CT scan 4 weeks after the last dose of bevacizumab, @entity99 was shown. CONCLUSION: This is the first case of @entity99 associated with bevacizumab therapy in a @entity1 with metastatic @entity1149 . The @entity99 may have been an early warning sign of impending bowel perforation, and bevacizumab was immediately discontinued, with @entity99 completely resolving on follow-up CT scan 2 weeks later. We recommend that bevacizumab therapy be immediately and permanently discontinued whenever @entity99 is observed, as this may help avoid a potentially catastrophic outcome.

title: Hepatic portal venous gas in a XXXX with metastatic @entity1149 on bevacizumab therapy: a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal perforation']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['HPVG', 'hepatic portal venous gas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pyogenic bacteria and especially @entity794 aurous (S. aurous) are the most common cause of @entity6275 . Not only treatment protocol of @entity6275 occasionally is amiss but also this malady responds to treatment difficultly. OBJECTIVES: This study investigates antibiotic resistance pattern of S. aurous isolated from Iranian @entity1 who suffer from @entity6275 by two methods: disk diffusion (Kirby bauyer) and E-test (Epsilometer test) to find @entity2176 susceptibility and MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration). @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred and thirty one @entity1 who suffer from @entity6275 which have been referred to both governmental and private hospitals at 2010 were tried out for culturing of @entity4034 site (sites). Antibiotic susceptibility and MIC of isolated bacteria were investigated by Kirby bauyer and E-test respectively. RESULTS: Samples were collected from bone (73.4%), surrounding tissue (14.6%) and wound discharge (12%). @entity794 was isolated from 49.6% of the samples. According to disc diffusion, @entity3256 resistance @entity794 ( @entity794 ) was 75% and @entity2176 resistance S. aurous (VRSA) was 0% and based on MIC, @entity794 was 68.5% and VRSA was 0%. According to MIC experiments, maximum sensitivity was against to @entity2176 (90.2%) and @entity2177 (54.4%) respectively but based on disc diffusion, maximum sensitivity was against to @entity2176 (97.7%) and @entity2177 (43.2%), respectively (P = 0.001). E-test (9.8%) in comparison with Disc diffusion (2.3%) showed higher percent of intermediate susceptibility to @entity2176 (P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: Comparison of antibiograms and MICs showed that Kirby bauyer technique especially for detection of VISA strains is not reliable comparison with E-test. Already VRSA strains have not detected in Iranian @entity6275 , Thus @entity2176 is the first choice for @entity6275 empirical therapy in Iran yet.

title: Is vancomycine still a choice for XXXX empirical therapy in iran?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6275 :: ('MESH:C535456', 'Disease') :: ['chronic osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['Vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['MRSA', 'Staphylococcus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

answer: @entity6275 :: (MESH:C535456,Disease) :: ['chronic osteomyelitis']


abstract: Covalent modifications of histone @entity376 residues by methylation play key roles in the regulation of chromatin structure and function. In contrast to H3K9 and H3K27 methylations that mark repressive states of transcription and are absent in some lower eukaryotes, H3K4 and H3K36 methylations are considered as active marks of transcription and are highly conserved in all eukaryotes from @entity375 ( @entity375 ) to @entity1 . Paradoxically, protein complexes catalyzing H3K4 and H3K36 methylations are less-extensively characterized in higher eukaryotes, particularly in plants. @entity958 ( @entity958 ) contains 12 SET DOMAIN GROUP (SDG) proteins phylogenetic classified to Trithorax Group (TrxG) and thus potentially involved in H3K4 and H3K36 methylations. So far only some genes of this family had been functionally characterized. Here we report on the genetic and molecular characterization of @entity31138 , a previously uncharacterized member of the @entity958 TrxG family. We show that the loss-of-function mutant @entity31138 -1 has an early flowering phenotype associated with suppression of @entity25531 ( @entity25531 ) expression. Recombinant @entity31138 proteins could methylate histone H3 from oligonucleosomes and mutant @entity31138 -1 plants showed weakly reduced levels of H3K36 dimethylation at @entity25531 chromatin. Interestingly, @entity31138 -1 transcriptome shared a highly significant number of differentially expressed genes with that of sdg26-1, a previously characterized mutant exhibiting late-flowering phenotype and elevated @entity25531 expression. Taken together, our results provide, to our knowledge, the first demonstration for a biological function of @entity31138 and reveal additional layers of complexity of overlap and nonoverlap functions of the TrxG family genes in @entity958 .

title: SET DOMAIN GROUP25 encodes a histone methyltransferase and is involved in XXXX activation and repression of flowering.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Homo sapiens']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity25531 :: (830878(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['FLOWERING LOCUS C']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neurologic complications of @entity884 can influence diagnosis, therapeutic plans, and prognosis. OBJECTIVE: To describe how early cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) affects the diagnosis and management of @entity884 in hospitalized adults. DESIGN: Single-center prospective study between June 2005 and October 2008. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00144885) SETTING: Tertiary care university hospital in France. @entity1 : 130 @entity1 with @entity884 . INTERVENTION: Cerebral MRI with angiography performed up to 7 days after admission and before any surgical intervention. MEASUREMENTS: 2 experts jointly established the @entity884 diagnostic classification (according to Duke-modified criteria) and therapeutic plans just before and after MRI and then compared them. RESULTS: @entity884 was initially classified as definite in 77 @entity1 and possible in 50 and was excluded in 3. Sixteen @entity1 (12%) had @entity16 . @entity75 were detected by MRI in 106 @entity1 (82% [95% CI, 75% to 89%]), including @entity2806 in 68, microhemorrhages in 74, and silent @entity439 in 10. Solely on the basis of MRI results and excluding microhemorrhages, diagnostic classification of 17 of 53 (32%) cases of nondefinite @entity884 was upgraded to either definite (14 @entity1 ) or possible (3 @entity1 ). @entity884 therapeutic plans were modified for 24 (18%) of the 130 @entity1 , including surgical plan modifications for 18 (14%). Overall, early MRI led to modifications of diagnosis or therapeutic plan in 36 @entity1 (28% [CI, 20% to 36%]). LIMITATION: Investigators did not assess whether the MRI-related changes in diagnosis and therapeutic plans improved @entity1 outcomes or led to unnecessary procedures and increased costs. CONCLUSION: @entity75 were identified by MRI in many @entity1 with @entity884 but no neurologic symptoms. The MRI findings affected both diagnostic classifications and clinical management plans. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: French Ministry of Health.

title: Effect of early cerebral magnetic resonance imaging on clinical decisions in XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['acute neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis', 'Endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity292 ( @entity292 ) caused by @entity418 has a poor prognosis. This study describes the clinical effects of airway ultraflex stenting as an alternative method for @entity292 caused by @entity418 . METHODS: In an university-affiliated hospital, consecutive @entity1 with @entity292 caused by @entity418 and confirmed by bronchoscopy were included. The demography, clinical manifestations and survival between groups with and without airway stenting were compared by case-control study. RESULTS: From 2001 to 2007, 817 @entity1 with @entity418 received bronchoscopy. Among these @entity1 , 59 @entity1 with @entity292 were included in this study. The demography and clinical manifestations between groups with and without airway stenting were similar, but survival improved in group with airway stenting, which was compared using log-rank test [P = 0.04; hazard ratio, 0.56; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.31-0.99]. After adjusted with age and gender by multinominal logistic regression, airway stenting [adjusted @entity27892 ; P = 0.01; 95% CI, 1.4-18.8], performance status (adjusted OR, 6.1; P = 0.004; 95% CI, 1.8-20.8), further treatment (adjusted OR, 8.7; P = 0.001; 95% CI, 2.3-32.8) and prolonged @entity55 (adjusted OR, 0.14; P = 0.008; 95% CI, 0.03-0.59) remained as significant factors that impacted survival. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment remains the first choice in @entity1 with @entity418 with @entity292 ; however, the authors provided an alternative airway stenting for those @entity1 whom surgery is unsuitable. It improved survival in the group with airway stenting than those without. Performance status improvement and further treatment for @entity418 may improve survival, but prolonged @entity55 may worsen survival.

title: Airway ultraflex stenting in XXXX with @entity292 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['Esophagorespiratory fistula', 'ERF']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Periodic surveillance with systematic biopsies is recommended for @entity1 with @entity355 . Brush cytology has been proposed as a simple inexpensive component of endoscopic surveillance, which may also detect abnormalities prior to detection of histologic abnormalities. The aim of the current study was to determine whether brush cytology provides any additional value over endoscopic surveillance biopsies in @entity1 with @entity355 . @entity1 : This retrospective cohort study included 530 @entity1 with @entity355 undergoing endoscopic surveillance with paired biopsy and cytology specimens at the Cleveland Clinic between January 1994 and July 2008. The main outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity, and concordance rates of cytology and histology. RESULTS: Sensitivity of cytology for any @entity1141 was 49% and specificity was 95%. However, sensitivity was 82% for detection of high grade @entity1141 / @entity420 but only 31% for low grade/indefinite for @entity1141 . The concordance rate between cytology and histology was 80%. Histology had a higher @entity1141 detection rate than cytology (24.0% vs. 15.7%, respectively; P   <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Cytology has excellent specificity and good sensitivity for the detection of high grade @entity1141 / @entity420 but poor sensitivity for low grade @entity1141 . There was substantial concordance between cytology and histology for the detection of @entity1141 . However, histology had a higher @entity1141 detection rate and therefore the value of routine cytology in the surveillance of @entity355 is questionable.

title: Brush cytology vs. endoscopic biopsy for the surveillance of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nasal @entity2276 ( @entity2276 ) is a rare @entity5 of unclear etiology. This study describes the clinical characteristics and possible etiologic factors in a series of @entity1 with @entity2276 . METHODS: All adult @entity1 with a histologic diagnosis of @entity2276 of the nasal cavity were identified between January 2005 and May 2015. A total of 128 charts were reviewed retrospectively for age, gender, clinical presentation, location of lesion, and medical history. RESULTS: Thirty-eight @entity1 were identified including 13 (34%) @entity1 and 25 (66%) @entity1 with a mean age of 45 years (range, 18-80 years). The majority (92%) presented with @entity1415 and 76% had the lesion located on the septum. All @entity1 had the lesion surgically excised with final pathology confirming @entity2276 . Out of 38 @entity1 , 15 (40%) had a concurrent history of altered hormonal activity (due to hormone therapy, pregnancy, or @entity5 ), and 7 (18%) had prior @entity130 . CONCLUSION: This study is 1 of the largest case series of nasal @entity2276 to be reported. In this series, this disease process was seen in approximately twice as many @entity1 as compared to @entity1 . Our data further supports prior studies, suggesting that altered hormonal activity and @entity130 may increase the risk of developing nasal @entity2276 .

title: Demographics and etiologic factors of nasal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumor']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity2276 :: ('MESH:D017789', 'Disease') :: ['lobular capillary hemangioma', 'pyogenic granuloma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['nasal injury', 'injury to the nasal cavity']

answer: @entity2276 :: (MESH:D017789,Disease) :: ['pyogenic granuloma']


abstract: @entity18913 ( @entity18913 ) has an incidence of 1/30,000 male births and is characterized by @entity717 , @entity451 , adducted thumbs, and agenesis of @entity6789 , and/or corticospinal tract. The great proportion of cases is ascribed to loss of function mutations of @entity7373 gene. @entity1963 ( @entity1963 ) is characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses along a variable portion of the intestinal tract and has incidence of about 1/5,000. Although with several genes involved in its pathogenesis, the major @entity1963 gene is the @entity8958 proto-oncogene. To date only a few @entity1 have been reported with both phenotypes and mutations in the @entity7373 gene. In this report, we describe a new @entity1 with concurrent @entity18913 and @entity1963 . @entity7373 mutational screening showed the presence of the @entity34207 hemizygous mutation, which is a deleterious substitution affecting a key residue necessary for the correct folding of the protein. Moreover, the @entity1 also carried the transcriptional enhancer @entity8958 mutation ( @entity34208 ) in heterozygosis. We speculate that both the @entity8958 enhancer variant, and the @entity7373 mutation may act in combination to produce the enteric phenotype, probably with the participation of other still unidentified molecular events. While it is obvious that additional studies are necessary to further delineate the association between @entity18913 and @entity1963 in the presence of @entity7373 mutations, the documentation of this new @entity1 reinforces the role of this gene acting either in a direct or indirect way in the pathogenesis of @entity1963 .

title: Association of X-linked hydrocephalus and Hirschsprung disease: report of a new XXXX with a mutation in the @entity7373 gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity18913 :: ('MESH:C536078', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked hydrocephalus', 'XLH']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ['HSCR', 'Hirschsprung disease']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity6789 :: ('MESH:D061085', 'Disease') :: ['corpus callosum']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Malocclusion assessment methods are based on measurements of study casts, which requires that impressions be taken. In addition to being costly and time consuming, this process can be unpleasant for @entity1 . Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate intra- and inter-examiner reliability of intraoral score measurements to determine @entity3232 severity in the permanent dentition. The research was a part of a longitudinal study from which a cohort of 92 @entity1 (39 @entity1 , 53 @entity1 ), with a mean age of 14.8 years (standard deviation = 0.18), were randomly selected and classified into severity grades based on total @entity3232 score. Subsequently, 12 @entity1 were randomly selected for a reliability study to assess intra-examiner reliability of @entity3232 trait measurements. Nine subjects gave informed consent to participate in the study. Quantitative registrations of space and @entity432 were performed intraorally by five examiners, on two occasions with a 1-month interval between the two measurements. Intra- and inter-examiner reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Overall classification into severity grades, based on total @entity3232 score, showed almost perfect intra-examiner reliability for all examiners (ICC = 0.97-0.99); inter-examiner ICC was almost perfect (0.97). Near perfect intra-examiner reliability was determined for eight occlusal trait measurements (ICC = 0.89-1.0); substantial reliability for @entity601 (ICC = 0.68), overbite (ICC = 0.78), but large variability for space condition assessment (ICC = 0.42-0.52). Inter-examiner reliability was almost perfect for the eight traits (ICC = 0.81-1.0); substantial reliability for @entity601 (ICC = 0.65), and axial tooth inclination (ICC = 0.75), but large variability for space condition assessment (ICC = 0.13-0.26). Intra- and inter-examiner @entity3232 assessment, recorded and measured intraorally to determine @entity3232 severity scores in 14-year old @entity1 , is reliable. It is therefore proposed as the method of choice to be used not only in epidemiological studies and screening but also in clinical orthodontic assessment.

title: Intra- and inter-examiner reliability of intraoral XXXX assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['midline deviation']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['malocclusion']

answer: @entity3232 :: (MESH:D008310,Disease) :: ['malocclusion']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the course and outcome of @entity1 with @entity11350 . DESIGN: Prospective, interventional case series. METHODS: Study of a cohort of 16 @entity1 (31 eyes) who sustained concomitant accidental @entity7159 ocular burns and received appropriate treatment at a tertiary care eye hospital in India. The @entity1 were followed up for 1 year, and parameters including best-corrected visual acuity, epithelial defect area, conjunctival and limbal involvement, and @entity1317 were evaluated. RESULTS: Severe @entity7159 exposure of a mean duration of 12    2.5 minutes and delay in specialist eye care caused moderate to severe injury (grade II, 19% [n = 6]; grade III, 19% [n = 6]; grade IV, 10% [n = 3]; and grade VI, 52% [n = 16]). Median best-corrected visual acuity at presentation was 1.0 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) units (range, 0.3 to 1.9 logMAR units), and at 1 year, it was 1.0 logMAR units (range, 0 to 1.9 logMAR units; P = .121). The median initial epithelial defect was 100 mm(2) (range, 18 to 121 mm(2)), which healed in all eyes by 3.5 months. Initial median limbal involvement was 12 clock hours (range, 3 to 12 clock hours), resulting in a residual limbal stem cell deficiency of 6 clock hours (range, 0 to 12 clock hours) at 1 year. Most common complications were @entity726 and @entity231 . @entity3283 developed in 2 eyes, and keratolimbal graft was performed in 1 @entity1 . Grade @entity130 had significantly worse outcome than the lower-grade injuries. CONCLUSIONS: The course and outcome of @entity11350 depends on effective first aid (including a thorough eyewash), age, initial grade of injury, response to treatment, prevention of @entity325 , and control of @entity726 . Despite appropriate treatment, these eyes responded poorly and carried a guarded visual prognosis.

title: Course and outcome of accidental XXXX ocular injury.

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity3283 :: ('MESH:D003320', 'Disease') :: ['Corneal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['secondary infection']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['injury-related complications']

entities_list: @entity11350 :: ('MESH:D005126', 'Disease') :: ['accidental ocular alkali burns', 'ocular alkali burns']

entities_list: @entity7159 :: ('MESH:D012972', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['VI injuries']

answer: @entity7159 :: (MESH:D012972,Chemical) :: ['sodium hydroxide']