abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: To evaluate the treatment results of @entity136 alone and concurrent with radiotherapy after R0/R1 resection of locally advanced @entity788 . METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: From 1999 to 2005, 55 @entity1 with stage II resected @entity788 treated with @entity136 -based radiochemotherapy were retrospectively evaluated. Initially, one cycle of induction @entity136 was administered and followed by weekly @entity136 concurrent with radiotherapy. After the completion of radiochemotherapy, @entity1 received 3 additional courses of @entity136 . RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 were stage IIA and 42 were stage IIB. Forty-six @entity1 (83.6%) had R0 and 9 @entity1 (16.4%) had R1 resection. All of the @entity1 received induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy, all but 3 received concurrent radiochemotherapy, and 46 (84%) @entity1 received maintenance chemotherapy. During induction, concurrent and maintenance phases of the protocol, 11%, 13.5% and 19.5% of the @entity1 had at least one > or = grade 3 @entity137 , respectively. Within a median 47 months (range, 34-105) of follow-up, 4 (7.3%) @entity1 had isolated local recurrence, 5 (9%) @entity1 had local recurrence and distant metastases, and 27 (49%) had only distant metastases. Median disease-free survival and overall survival were 13 (range, 4-105) and 19 months (range, 6-105), respectively. In multivariate analysis, nodal stage, AJCC stage and number of lymph nodes dissected were the significant factors affecting disease-free survival whereas Karnofsky performance status was the only significant factor for overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis for @entity788 remains poor despite adjuvant radiochemotherapy. More aggressive treatments should be considered in @entity1 with unfavorable prognostic factors.

title: Postoperative XXXX alone and concurrent with radiation therapy in locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity548 is the leading cause of preventable @entity130 -related deaths, and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACI) such as @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) can improve survival following lethal @entity548 . HDACI acetylate proteins, and acetylation regulates many cellular functions. Here we have investigated the effects of @entity2052 treatment on @entity22162 ( @entity2509 ) activation, as @entity2509 is well known to modulate cell death, gene expression, and @entity32 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anesthetized @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 were subjected to lethal (60%) @entity190 , and then randomized (n = 5-6/group) to (1) @entity2052 300 mg/kg or (2) vehicle control. Survival was monitored for 24 h. A separate group of @entity35 were subjected to sublethal (40%) @entity548 and were treated with @entity2052 or vehicle. @entity35 were sacrificed at 1, 4, and 20 h, and lung tissue was assessed for the degree of acetylation of histone 3, and activation (phosphorylation) of @entity2509 . Sham animals served as normal controls. RESULTS: Sixty percent @entity548 resulted in severe @entity1457 . Only 17% of the vehicle-treated animals survived (most died within 1 h), whereas 80% of the @entity2052 -treated animals survived (P < 0.05). @entity548 resulted in a significant increase in phosphorylated @entity2509 (activated form) compared with sham at the 1 and 4 h time points, but not at the 20 h time point. @entity2052 treatment significantly attenuated these changes, while increasing histone protein acetylation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2052 treatment significantly improves survival following lethal @entity548 . @entity548 induces @entity2509 activation, which is significantly attenuated by @entity2052 treatment. This may represent one mechanism through which @entity2052 promotes survival in otherwise lethal @entity548 .

title: Pharmacologic resuscitation promotes survival and attenuates XXXX -induced activation of @entity22162 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'hemorrhagic shock', 'Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity22162 :: ('24338;50689;116590', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blood @entity413 level at admission in @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is a predictor of @entity712 and mortality. This study was performed to investigate the impact of @entity4854 at admission in non- @entity6 @entity1 on @entity1188 size, @entity3885 , and long-term outcome using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in @entity1 with @entity583 . METHODS: One hundred and seven consecutive @entity1 (84 males; mean age 59.4  years      11.3  years) with a first @entity583 successfully treated by primary PCI were included. Admission @entity4854 was defined as blood @entity413 above 7.8  mmol/l. CMR was performed 3.6  days      1.9  days after admission on a 1.5-tesla MR system. The imaging protocol included single-shot steady-state free precession (SSFP) cine sequences for assessing segmental and global left ventricular (LV) function and @entity3885 ( @entity3885 )/late @entity2287 enhancement (LGE) imaging immediately and 10  min after the administration of 0.2  mmol @entity5777 /kg of body weight using an inversion-recovery SSFP (IR-SSFP) sequence. A receiver operating characteristics analysis was used to detect the best cut-off point of @entity3885 that predicted @entity583 and @entity204 during follow-up. RESULTS: Of 107 @entity1 , 37 (35%) had @entity4854 on admission. Compared to normoglycemic @entity1 , @entity1 with admission @entity4854 had a lower LV ejection fraction (38.6      13.7% vs. 47.5      12.2%, p  <  0.001), greater @entity5778 (88.8      41.8  ml vs. 72.3  ml      35.1  ml, p  =  0.01), greater @entity1188 size (LGE% 21.1      14.9% vs. 9.8      8.7%, p  <  0.001), and greater @entity3885 ( @entity3885 % 9.6      9.9% vs. 2.5      4.3%, p  <  0.001). Admission @entity4854 was an independent predictor of the presence and extent of @entity3885 . @entity3885 as a percentage of left ventricular mass was the only variable independently related to clinical outcome in a Cox proportional hazard model (Wald 18.78, HR 1.155, p  <  0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity4854 at admission in @entity583 @entity1 who are successfully treated by PCI is independently associated with the presence and extent of @entity3885 on contrast-enhanced CMR. Thus, @entity3885 as assessed by CMR may be a mechanism that relates admission @entity4854 in @entity583 to worse outcome.

title: Impact of @entity4854 at admission in XXXX with acute @entity583 as assessed by contrast-enhanced MRI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular obstruction', 'Microvascular obstruction', 'MVO']

entities_list: @entity5777 :: ('MESH:C064925', 'Chemical') :: ['gadodiamide']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'acute STEMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Unsaturated @entity1718 are essential for the proliferation of many haematopoietic cells, but little is known about their biosynthetic pathways in these cells. We have studied the activity of the main desaturation-elongation enzymes in @entity1 B-(Reh-6, Raji, Ramos) and T-(CEM, Jurkat) lymphocytic, promonocytic (U937), promyelocytic (HL-60) and pluripotent myeloid (K562) cell lineages, as well as the changes induced by cell differentiation. Cells were incubated with @entity3209 -labelled 18:0, 18:2(n - 6) and 18:3(n - 3) or supplemented with the corresponding unlabelled @entity844 and synthesis of @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) was evaluated by argentation-TLC and GLC. The main activity present in most cells was @entity12591 (range between 200-1000 pmol/24 h per 10(6) cells) that was regulated by the type of free @entity1718 in culture media. A great variability in the activities of delta 6- and delta 5-desaturase was observed. They were virtually absent in B-cells and only one (Jurkat) T-cell line synthesized significant amounts of (n - 6) and (n - 3) @entity5204 . The main @entity5204 formed by Jurkat cells were 20:3 and 20:4(n - 6) (30 and 40%, respectively, of cell lipid radioactivity) and 20:5, 22:5 and 22:6(n - 3) (60, 20 and 10%, respectively, of cell radioactivity). Cell differentiation caused complex changes in desaturase activities. The activity of @entity12591 increased with the degree of differentiation of B-cells. Differentiation of U937 cells to macrophages with @entity4515 caused a 2-3-fold increase in the activity of (delta 6 + delta 5)- and delta 9-desaturases and no changes and a 2-fold decrease, respectively, if the inducer was @entity3733 . Differentiation of HL-60 cells to granulocytes with @entity3733 virtually abolished @entity12591 activity and greatly reduced that of delta 6- and delta 5-desaturases. @entity12591 activity increased (2.5-fold) in myeloid K562 cells differentiated to erythroblasts with hemin. No induction of @entity12592 , absent in K562 cells, occurred after differentiation to erythroblasts or megakaryoblasts and they synthesized alternative @entity5204 through sequential elongation and delta 5-desaturation of 18:2(n - 6) and 18:3(n - 3). The activities of delta 6- and delta 5-desaturase in HL-60 and U937 cells increased when differentiation also stimulated the synthesis of @entity1813 and extracellular release of @entity5204 .

title: Biosynthesis of @entity1474 in the main cell lineages of XXXX leukemia and lymphoma.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity12591 :: ('3995', 'Gene') :: ['delta 9-desaturase', 'delta 9-Desaturase']

entities_list: @entity1813 :: ('MESH:D015777', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity6505 ( @entity6505 ) is a phenomenon during which air is sucked into the esophagus and then rapidly expelled through the mouth. @entity1 often complain of severely impaired quality of life. Our objective was to establish the prevalence of ex-cessive @entity6505 within a high-volume gastrointestinal physiology unit, and evaluate its association with symptoms, esophageal mo-tility and @entity354 . METHODS: We established normal values for @entity6505 by analyzing 24-hour pH-impedance in 40 healthy asymptomatic volunteers. We searched 2950 consecutive @entity1 reports from our upper GI Physiology Unit (from 2010-2013) for @entity6505 . Symptoms were re-corded by a standardized questionnaire evaluating for reflux, @entity1282 , and @entity2210 symptoms. We reviewed the predom-inant symptoms, 24-hour pH-impedance and high-resolution esophageal manometry results. RESULTS: Excessive @entity6505 was defined as > 13 per 24 hours. We identified 100 @entity1 with excessive @entity6505 . Ninety-five percent of these @entity1 suffered from @entity304 , 86% reported excessive belching, and 65% reported @entity1282 . Forty-one per-cent of @entity1 with excessive @entity6505 had pathological acid reflux. Compared to the @entity1 with normal acid exposure these @entity1 trended towards a higher number of @entity6505 episodes. Forty-four percent of @entity1 had @entity2910 . @entity1 with hypomotility had a significantly higher frequency of @entity6505 compared to those with normal motility (118.3    106.1 vs 80.6    75.7, P = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS: Increased belching is rarely a symptom in isolation. Pathological acid exposure and hypomotility are associated with more @entity6505 frequency. Whether @entity6505 is a disordered response to other esophageal symptoms or their cause is unclear.

title: Supragastric Belching: Prevalence and Association With XXXX and @entity2910 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['typical reflux symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal hypomotility']

entities_list: @entity6505 :: ('MESH:D004884', 'Disease') :: ['SGB', 'Supragastric belching']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastresophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease']


abstract: Treatment resistance is frequently encountered during the long-term care of @entity1 with @entity308 . A number of 'next step' therapeutic options exist in such cases, including switching to an alternative antidepressant, combining antidepressants from different pharmacological classes, adding evidence-supported psychotherapies to ongoing antidepressant treatment and augmentation with a nonantidepressant drug. Augmenting antidepressants with atypical antipsychotic drugs has generated considerable clinical interest. Three atypical antipsychotics ( @entity1770 , @entity1089 and @entity1037 ) have received regulatory approval for adjunctive use with antidepressants for @entity13217 ( @entity13217 ) in adults. Symbyax ( @entity1037 - @entity905 combination or @entity15853 ), the combination of @entity1037 and the selective @entity750 -reuptake inhibitor @entity905 , is also approved for this indication. The short-term effectiveness of @entity15853 for @entity13217 is supported by results of five published randomized, controlled, acute-phase studies of generally similar design. In each study, @entity15853 was associated with rapid reduction in @entity308 . In two studies, significantly greater improvement in @entity308 occurred in @entity15853 -treated @entity1 at study end point compared with those who received antidepressant monotherapy. These effects appeared to be strongest in cases where antidepressant failure was established during the current @entity308 . Although @entity15853 was well-tolerated, increases in body weight and prolactin concentration were greater with @entity15853 than antidepressant monotherapy, and were similar to @entity1037 monotherapy. Increases in random total @entity165 levels were greatest for @entity15853 , and were significantly greater than those of @entity1037 and antidepressant monotherapy. The long-term efficacy and tolerability of @entity15853 for @entity13217 has not been investigated, and the comparative effectiveness of @entity15853 versus other next-step options is unknown. As such, the exact place of @entity15853 among the available therapeutic options for @entity13217 is not fully understood at this time.

title: Efficacy, safety and tolerability of Symbyax for acute-phase management of treatment-resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'major depression', 'depressive episode']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity13217 :: ('MESH:D061218', 'Disease') :: ['treatment-resistant major depression', 'TRD']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1770 :: ('MESH:C094645', 'Chemical') :: ['aripiprazole']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7716 is a member of matrix metalloproteinases. This protein takes a role in angiogenesis and airway remodeling in @entity565 . Because histopathological findings of airway remodeling in @entity565 and @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) are similar, the aim of this study was to evaluate the @entity7716 expression in @entity1412 . METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining of specimens of 47 @entity1 with @entity1412 and 8 @entity1 with concha bullosa was performed to detect the expression of @entity7716 . Paraffin blocks were used to identify the expression of @entity7716 polyclonal antibodies. Immunostaining of epithelial cells, stroma, mesenchymal cells of vessels, and inflammatory cells were analyzed by using light microscopy. RESULTS: Immunopositivity scores in epithelial cells in @entity1412 (median, 2; range, 1-3) were significantly higher than those of controls (median, 1.5; range, 1-2; p < 0.001). @entity7716 staining was increased in the mesenchymal cells of vessels of @entity480 (median, 2; range, 1-3) compared with control tissues (median, 1.5; range, 1-2; p = 0.006). Although the staining scores of fibroblasts in nasal polyp specimens were also high (median, 3; range 1-3), there was no statistical significance when compared with controls (median 2; range, 1-3; p = 0.228). @entity7716 immunostaining was not related with the presence of @entity566 , @entity565 , and @entity117 intolerance (p > 0.05). Moreover, no relationship was found between increased expression of @entity7716 and the stages of polyp or computerized tomography scores (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the increased expression of @entity7716 protein may have a role in the pathogenesis of @entity1412 .

title: Expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 33 protein in XXXX : an immunohistochemical study.

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity7716 :: ('80332', 'Gene') :: ['A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)-33', 'ADAM-33']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['NP', 'nasal polyposis']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['nasal polyposis']


abstract: This study deals with the effectivecess of chemical reagent strips for detection of haematuria and @entity644 in selecting @entity4114 egg positive subjects as compared to microscopical examination of urine. Out of 222 students from primary and secondary rural schools, 191 were @entity4114 and 59 were parasitologically negative. 135 students had a count of less than 50 eggs/10 ml. urine and 56 had more than 50 eggs/10ml. The sensitivity of reagent strips in detecting haematuria was 10% and 36% for the groups with less than and more than 50 eggs/10 ml. of urine respectively. The correspondant microscope figures were 42% and 93% respectively. @entity644 was detected in 11% and 29% of urines from the groups with less than and more than 50 eggs/10 ml. respectively. The specificity of strips and microscopical examination in detection of haematuria was 100%, while that for @entity644 was 97% as detected by strips. These results show that urinalysis strips cannot be used as an alternative to microscopic examination of urine for the presence of @entity4114 eggs.

title: Evaluation of urinalysis reagent strips versus microscopical examination of urine for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria', 'Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity4114 :: ('6185', 'Species') :: ['S. haematobium']

answer: @entity4114 :: (6185,Species) :: ['Schistosoma haematobium']


abstract: Individuals with @entity2520 have increased risk of @entity2524 , particularly in cases with associated loss of alveolar bone and periodontal ligament (PDL). Current treatments do not predictably regenerate damaged PDL. Collagen I is the primary component of bone and PDL extracellular matrix. @entity17652 /Osteonectin (SP/ON) is implicated in the regulation of collagen content in healthy PDL. In this study, @entity2520 was induced by injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from @entity3841 in wild-type (WT) and SP/ON-null C57/Bl6 @entity19 . A 20-  g quantity of LPS was injected between the first and second molars 3 times a week for 4 weeks, whereas PBS control was injected into the @entity717 . LPS injection resulted in a significant decrease in bone volume fraction in both genotypes; however, significantly greater @entity604 was detected in SP/ON-null maxilla. SP/ON-null PDL exhibited more extensive degradation of connective tissue in the gingival tissues. Although total cell numbers in the PDL of SP/ON-null were not different from those in WT, the inflammatory infiltrate was reduced in SP/ON-null PDL. Histology of collagen fibers revealed marked reductions in collagen volume fraction and in thick collagen volume fraction in the PDL of SP/ON-null @entity19 . SP/ON protects collagen content in PDL and in alveolar bone in @entity2520 .

title: LPS induces greater bone and PDL loss in @entity17652 -null XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease', 'experimental periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity2524 :: ('MESH:D016388', 'Disease') :: ['tooth loss']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral maxilla']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The place of serum @entity4483 measurement in mild @entity131 (mTBI) management is still controversial. Our prospective study aimed to evaluate its utility in the largest @entity1 cohort described to date. METHODS: @entity1 younger than 16 years presenting at a pediatric emergency department within 3 h after @entity131 were enrolled prospectively for blood sampling to determine serum @entity4483 concentrations. The following information was collected: @entity131 severity determined by using the Masters classification [1: minimal or Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) 15, 2: mild or GCS 13-15, and 3: severe or GCS <13]; whether hospitalized or not; good or bad clinical evolution (CE); whether cranial computed tomography (CCT) was prescribed; and related presence (CCT+) or absence (CCT-) of lesions. RESULTS: For the 446 @entity1 enrolled, the median concentrations of @entity4483 were 0.21, 0.31, and 0.44  g/L in Masters groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between these groups (P < 0.05). In Masters group 2, 65 CCT scans were carried out. Measurement of @entity4483 identified @entity1 as CCT+ with 100% (95% CI 85-100) sensitivity and 33% (95% CI 20-50) specificity. Of the 424 @entity1 scored Masters 1 or 2, 21 presented "bad CE." @entity4483 identified bad CE @entity1 with 100% (95% CI 84-100) sensitivity and 36% (95% CI 31-41) specificity. Of the 242 @entity1 hospitalized, 81 presented an @entity4483 concentration within the reference interval. CONCLUSIONS: Serum @entity4483 determination during the first 3 h of management of @entity1 with mTBI has the potential to reduce the number of CCT scans, thereby avoiding unnecessary irradiation, and to save hospitalization costs.

title: Serum XXXX determination in the management of pediatric mild @entity131 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity4483 :: (6285,Gene) :: ['S100B']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The presence of @entity1377 adjacent to dental implants or teeth presents an esthetic concern for the dental team and @entity1 . PURPOSE: The aim of this pilot project is to evaluate a new method for reducing or eliminating small @entity1377 . The use of a commercially available gel was evaluated as a possible method for enhancing @entity1829 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven @entity1 , seven females and four males, with an average age of 55.8 years (ranging from 25 to 75 years) with 14 treated sites are included in this pilot study. @entity1 had a minimum of one @entity1377 in the esthetic zone. Prior to treatment photographs were either taken at a 1:1 ratio or converted to a 1:1 ratio using a commercially available program. A standardization photographic device was not used. After administration of a local anesthetic, a 23-gauge needle was used to inject less than 0.2 mL of a commercially available and Food and Drug Administration-approved gel of hyaluronic acid 2-3 mm apical to the coronal tip of the involved papillae. @entity1 were seen every three weeks and treatment was repeated up to three times. @entity1 were followed from 6 to 25 months after initial gel application. A computer program measured changes in pixels between initial and final treatments. A formula was derived to determine percentage change in the negative space between initial and final examinations. RESULTS: Each site was individually evaluated. Three implant sites and one site adjacent to a tooth had 100% improvement between treatment examinations. Seven sites improved from 94 to 97%, three sites improved from 76 to 88%, and one site adjacent to an implant had 57% improvement. CONCLUSION: Results from this pilot study are encouraging and present evidence that small @entity1377 between implants and teeth can be enhanced by injection of a hyaluronic gel. Improvements were maintained for a range of 6 to 25 months.

title: Minimally invasive treatment for XXXX in the esthetic zone: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary deficiencies', 'papillary deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['deficient papillae']

answer: @entity1829 :: (MESH:D010211,Disease) :: ['papillae deficiencies']


abstract: Axillary dissection in @entity0 is performed to stage the @entity5 and to obtain regional @entity5 control. It is associated with some morbidity. Recently mention was made of post-axillary dissection @entity158 of the arm following damage to one or more of the intercostobrachial nerves. In the University Hospital of Utrecht a radical axillary dissection is routinely performed for @entity0 with transection of the sensory intercostobrachial nerve(s). To evaluate the inherent morbidity of this operation, we interviewed and examined 71 @entity1 (75 axillae) who had undergone an axillary dissection for @entity189 of the breast between January 1987 and January 1990. In almost all cases a @entity51 was present in the axilla and/or arm. In 23 @entity1 (26 sides; 35%) there was @entity158 in the arm, always in the innervation area of the intercostobrachial nerves. One-third of these cases had a NRS score of 5 or higher, indicating moderate to severe @entity158 . @entity2080 and @entity4269 were found in 21 @entity1 . In 6 shoulders abduction was reduced to 90 degrees. The several complaints were non-invalidating to 48 @entity1 , slightly invalidating to 13 and moderately invalidating to 10 @entity1 . At present, histological examination of the axillary nodes is still the best way to detect metastases, and it has implications for adjuvant therapies. The results of this study indicate that routinely sacrificing the intercostobrachial nerves during axillary dissection may result in annoying sensory changes and that efforts should be made to preserve one or two of these nerves during the operation.

title: [Complications following axillary dissection for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['sensory deficit']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3790 (PC) and protein S (PS) determination is part of the @entity49 investigation in @entity1 with @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ). Based on scarce evidence it is a common notion that PC and PS levels decrease during the acute phase of @entity1211 , necessitating delay of testing and temporary transition from @entity1229 to low molecular weight heparin. We have previously demonstrated that an abnormal PC or PS result determined within 24 hours of @entity1211 diagnosis and before the initiation of @entity1229 needs to be repeated for confirmation >/=3 months after starting treatment and >/=14 days after stopping anticoagulation therapy. In the current study, we sought to show that normal PC and PS values determined during the acute phase of @entity1211 are not false negatives. METHODS: 99 @entity1 with acute idiopathic @entity1211 who had normal PC and PS determination within the first 24 hours of presentation and who subsequently had their oral anticoagulation discontinued after six months of therapy. PC and PS determinations were repeated >/=6 months after starting treatment and >/= 14 days after stopping @entity1229 . Proportions of @entity1 who tested abnormal on the second test were calculated and 95% confidence intervals obtained using the Wilson's score method. Data from a previously published study on @entity1 with abnormal initial tests was included for comparison. RESULTS: None of the 99 @entity1 who had normal PC and PS initially had an abnormal result on repeated testing (0%; 95% CI 0 - 3.7%). Data from the previous study showed that, among @entity1 who initially had abnormal results, 40% (95%CI 35.4-84.8%) were confirmed to have low PC and 63.6% (95%CI 16.8-68.7%) low PS on repeated testing. The difference between proportions was statistically significant (chi2 p-value < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that PC and PS can be determined during the acute phase of @entity1211 and whereas abnormal results need to be confirmed with repeat testing at a later date, a normal result effectively rules out deficiency with only one test.

title: Normal levels of XXXX and protein S tested in the acute phase of a venous thromboembolic event are not falsely elevated.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic venous thromboembolism', 'VTE']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity3790 :: (5624,Gene) :: ['protein C']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 593 Background: Cancer care is difficult for rural residents due to limited access to @entity5 screening and treatment. This study assessed whether @entity0 screening and treatment was lower for @entity1 from rural communities, in a jurisdiction with universal publicly-funded health coverage for mammography and @entity5 treatment. METHODS: All @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 in British Columbia (BC) during 2002 were identified from the @entity5 registry and linked to the provincial Screening Mammography database. @entity1 demographics, pathology, stage, treatments delivered, mammography use, and death dates were abstracted. @entity1 were categorized as residing in rural, semi-urban or urban locations based on postal code. Use of health care resources and outcomes were compared across residence categories. RESULTS: @entity16238 ,872 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 in 2002 were included. @entity1 from rural communities (n=138; 4.8%) presented with more advanced stage than those from urban (p=0.010) and semi-urban (p=0.077) regions. On multivariable analysis, @entity1 from rural, compared to urban communities, were significantly less likely to be screening mammography attendees (OR=0.587; p=0.004). Mammography use was most disparate among @entity1 in their 40s; 18.8% versus 55.4% (p=0.004) were mammogram attendees in rural versus urban communities, respectively. @entity1 from rural communities with @entity0 were significantly more likely to undergo mastectomy (multivariable OR=2.364; p<0.001). Among @entity1 receiving breast conserving surgery, adjuvant radiotherapy use was not significantly different by residence (p=0.967). Likewise, there was no significant difference in use of chemotherapy (p=0.712) or hormonal therapy (p=0.989) by residence category. With a median follow up of 7.4 years, overall survival (HR=1.235; 95% CI=0.804-1.899) and @entity0 specific survival (HR=1.213; 95% CI=0.704-2.088) were not significantly worse for rural compared to urban @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 screening and treatment use varied by community remoteness, but with short follow-up, did not translate into significantly worse outcomes.

title: Population-based comparison of XXXX screening and treatment utilization by remoteness of residence in British Columbia.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'early-stage breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review the nonradiologist use of ultrasound (US) in the setting of emergency and critical care, the development, clinical applications, and standardization of veterinary abdominal and thoracic focused assessment with sonography for @entity130 (FAST) techniques. ETIOLOGY: Since the 1990s, the 4-point FAST US technique has been used for injury surveillance in @entity1 with blunt and penetrating @entity130 . FAST screens for free fluid in the abdominal, pleural, and pericardial cavities with high sensitivity and specificity. More recently, an extended FAST scan was developed for the rapid detection of pneumothorax. These techniques and newly created scans have been applied to other critically ill, nontraumatized, subsets of @entity1 @entity1 . As a result, the terminology related to this field, eg, extended FAST, HHFAST, FFAST, FAFF, BOAST, SLOH, bedside US, '  Approach,' protocols, and objectives have become convoluted despite having similar goals. DIAGNOSIS: The importance of US in the setting of emergency medicine is highlighted by the fact that this diagnostic modality has become an integral part of the core curriculum for nonradiologists including the American College of Surgeons, American College of Emergency Physicians, American Board of Emergency Medicine, Society of Academic Emergency Medicine, and all United States Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Emergency Medicine residency programs. THERAPY: Veterinary applications of FAST techniques include an abdominal FAST technique with an abdominal FAST applied fluid scoring system, and a thoracic FAST technique. In an attempt to avoid the creation of numerous acronyms, veterinarians would be well served by making the 'T' in 'FAST' stand for ' @entity130 ,''Triage,' and 'Tracking.' PROGNOSIS: These veterinary FAST techniques provide an extension of the physical examination for the emergency and critical care veterinarian potentially expediting diagnosis, prompting life-saving maneuvers, and guiding @entity1 management. Further clinical research to determine sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for specific conditions is warranted.

title: Abdominal and thoracic focused assessment with sonography for XXXX , triage, and monitoring in small animals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The role of serum @entity10224 in monitoring the response of @entity43 to treatment has been extensively investigated. The exponential regression curve [1n( @entity10224 ) = i+s (days after initiation of treatment)] has been reported to describe the rate of change of serum @entity10224 during treatment. In this model, the y-axis intercept (i) represents the initial @entity10224 -secreting @entity5 burden, while the slope (s) is determined by the response to treatment. The exponential regression curve was calculated for 66 @entity1 undergoing salvage chemotherapy with @entity1311 . At a mean follow-up of 121 days, 50 (75%) @entity1 had progressed and 35 (53%) had died. Stratification of the @entity1 by stage, grade, or histology did not reveal any significant differences in the regression rate. When the @entity1 were stratified by response, the mean regression rate was 0.0157 +/- 0.011 for @entity1 with @entity74 (N = 19) vs -0.0250 +/- 0.031 for those with stable disease (N = 25) and -0.0250 +/- 0.015 for those with a partial response (N = 22) (P < 0.0001). The regression rate did not correlate with progression-free interval or survival (P > 0.05). We conclude that changes in serum @entity10224 levels follow an exponential regression curve in @entity1 undergoing salvage chemotherapy with @entity1311 for progressive or recurrent @entity43 . A positive regression rate may predict which @entity1 will progress prior to the time progression becomes clinically evident. However, a negative rate fails to provide discriminatory utility in predicting progression-free interval or survival.

title: Exponential regression of @entity10224 during salvage treatment of @entity43 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['taxol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reliable detection of the @entity4016 @entity4017 mutation is a major criterion in the diagnosis of BCR/ABL-negative @entity5 such as @entity6582 vera, @entity4407 , and primary @entity4018 . A multitude of methods has been applied to both qualitative and quantitative assessment of the mutational status of @entity1 , without defining a gold standard for the daily diagnostic routine so far. METHODS: We developed a melting point assay to be used on a Rotor-Gene thermal cycler machine, using asymmetric primer concentrations. A @entity1 @entity6007 cell line (HEL) was used as a positive control in a 3-fold lower concentration than the negative control because of the gene amplification of the mutated @entity4016 kinase in this cell line. Routine samples from both blood and bone marrow were processed. Additionally, samples were analyzed using an @entity262 ( @entity262 ). RESULTS: The sensitivity of the melting point approach was a 5% mutational load. Of 314 bone marrow or blood DNA samples tested, 101 were @entity262 positive, and of these, 90 samples tested positive in the melting point assay. Most of the @entity1 had a mutational load between 20% and 50%. No @entity1 had a @entity4016 @entity4017 burden higher than 80%. There was no significant difference in the source (bone marrow versus blood), sex, and @entity1 age. CONCLUSIONS: We present a reliable and feasible approach for quantitative assessment of the @entity4016 @entity4017 status from both blood and bone marrow. A homozygotic mutated cell line or plasmids should be used for dilution standards. We recommend combining this assay with @entity262 PCR for result confirmation and higher overall sensitivity.

title: Melting point assay for the XXXX @entity4017 mutation, comparison with @entity262 ( @entity262 ) in diagnostic samples, and implications for daily routine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['ARMS', 'amplification refractory mutation system']

entities_list: @entity6007 :: ('MESH:D004915', 'Disease') :: ['erythroleukemia']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['myelofibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4407 :: ('MESH:D013920', 'Disease') :: ['essential thrombocythemia']

answer: @entity4016 :: (3717,Gene) :: ['JAK2']


abstract: We have investigated some components of the fibrinolytic system and @entity2002 derivatives in blood samples taken simultaneously from the @entity1 portal and cubital veins. In the first series the blood was drawn during laparotomy from 12 cholecystectomized, otherwise healthy @entity1 . The mean value of euglobulin lysis time was significantly lower in the portal than in the cubital vein. The values of the @entity2002 , plasminogen, serial dilution protamine @entity597 , and @entity1068 gelation tests in both samples were quite similar. In the second series blood was taken from eight @entity1 with @entity5 of the gut and from six cholecystectomized @entity1 . The @entity1793 ( @entity1793 ) in serum was performed for fibrin degradation products (FDP) in samples from both veins. In @entity1 with @entity5 the mean FDP level was significantly higher in the portal than in the cubital vein. In cholecystectomized @entity1 the @entity1793 was negative in samples from both veins. We conclude that @entity2002 pathway metabolism does not differ in the portal and cubital veins under normal conditions, whereas in @entity5 @entity2002 degradation is greater in the portal vein. We also suggest that the gut probably modulates fibrinolytic activity in normal conditions.

title: Modulatory effect of the gastrointestinal tract (gut) on fibrinolysis and XXXX derivatives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic disease', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1793 :: ('MESH:D013203', 'Disease') :: ['staphylococcal clumping test', 'SCT']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity2002 :: (2244,Gene) :: ['fibrinogen']


abstract: In a randomized trial, a multifaceted intervention tripled rates of @entity170 treatment in older @entity1 with wrist @entity174 . An economic analysis of the trial now demonstrates that the intervention tested "dominates" usual care: over a lifetime horizon, it reduces @entity174 , increases quality-adjusted life years, and saves the healthcare system money. INTRODUCTION: In a randomized trial (N = 272), we reported a multifaceted quality improvement intervention directed at older @entity1 and their physicians could triple rates of @entity170 treatment within 6 months of a wrist @entity174 when compared with usual care (22% vs 7%). Alongside the trial, we conducted an economic evaluation. METHODS: Using 1-year outcome data from our trial and micro-costing time-motion studies, we constructed a Markov decision-analytic model to determine cost-effectiveness of the intervention compared with usual care over the @entity1 ' remaining lifetime. We took the perspective of third-party healthcare payers. In the base case, costs and benefits were discounted at 3% and expressed in 2006 Canadian dollars. One-way deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Median age of @entity1 was 60 years, 77% were @entity1 , and 72% had low @entity79 ( @entity79 ). The intervention cost  12 per @entity1 . Compared with usual care, the intervention strategy was dominant: for every 100 @entity1 receiving the intervention, three @entity174 (one @entity173 ) would be prevented, 1.1 quality-adjusted life year gained, and  26,800 saved by the healthcare system over their remaining lifetime. The intervention dominated usual care across numerous one-way sensitivity analyses: with respect to cost, the most influential parameter was drug price; in terms of effectiveness, the most influential parameter was rate of @entity79 testing. The intervention was cost saving in 80% of probabilistic model simulations. CONCLUSIONS: For outpatients with wrist @entity174 , our multifaceted @entity170 intervention was cost-effective. Healthcare systems implementing similar interventions should expect to save money, reduce @entity174 , and gain quality-adjusted life expectancy.

title: Cost-effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention to improve quality of XXXX care after wrist @entity174 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: The increasing success of cardiac transplantation has been attributed to the availability of potent immunosuppressive agents, including @entity205 . With improved graft and @entity1 survival, the incidence of @entity740 has increased. We reviewed the medical records of @entity1 who had undergone orthotopic cardiac transplantation and had been followed for at least 3 years posttransplantation to determine the risk factors at initial evaluation and in the early posttransplantation period for subsequent @entity177 . We followed 80 adult @entity1 over a mean period of 4.7 years: 39 @entity1 had a serum @entity1011 > or = 2.4 mg/dL at last follow-up ( @entity177 or @entity12519 group); 41 @entity1 had a serum @entity1011 < or = 1.7 mg/dL at last follow-up (controls). @entity12519 @entity1 tended to be older and had a lower mean glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at initial evaluation. There were no differences in race, gender, or previous history of @entity101 between the two groups. Although both groups experienced an improvement in GFR at transplantation and a subsequent decline in GFR by 6 months posttransplantation, the @entity12519 group achieved a lower peak GFR at transplantation and a far lower mean GFR at the 6-month analysis. Only the @entity12519 group showed a continued decline in GFR. The @entity12519 group had more severe @entity101 and required a significantly greater number of antihypertensive medications. The @entity12519 group had a higher mean total @entity165 at 6 months, but this difference was not sustained. They also had higher @entity412 levels and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels; there was no difference in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Progressive @entity177 following cardiac transplantation: XXXX , lipids, and @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) may negatively influence @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) @entity1 ' health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Dose modification is the only way to minimize @entity1897 . To measure @entity1897 in daily practice, the Indication for Common @entity137 Criteria (CTC) Grading of @entity1897 Questionnaire (ICPNQ) was developed which can be completed within five minutes by the @entity1 . The aims of this study were to (1) perform a psychometric evaluation of the ICPNQ and (2) examine the prevalence of @entity1897 and its influence on HRQOL in population-based @entity1582 @entity1 . METHODS: One hundred fifty-six @entity1582 @entity1 , diagnosed between 2000 and 2014, completed the ICPNQ, European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Quality of Life Questionnaire Chemotherapy-Induced @entity1897 20 (EORTC QLQ-CIPN20), and EORTC QLQ-C30 (65  % response). RESULTS: The psychometric analyses showed a Cronbach's alpha of 0.84, 0.74, and 0.61 for, respectively, the sensory, motoric, and autonomic subscales of the ICPNQ. Test-retest reliability and construct validity were good for all subscales. Overall, 65  % of @entity1 reported grade 2-3 @entity16 according to the ICPNQ. @entity1 with the highest CTC grades (grade 2 with @entity9 and grade 3 (38  %)) according to the ICPNQ reported significantly worse scores on all EORTC QLQ-CIPN20 subscales compared to @entity1 with lower CTC grades (p   <=  0.002). In addition, they reported statistically significant and clinically relevant worse HRQOL scores on almost all EORTC QLQ-C30 subscales. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1897 is a common side effect in @entity1582 @entity1 , which has a negative impact on HRQOL. The ICPNQ is a valid instrument to distinguish the highest @entity1897 CTC grades from the lower CTC grades necessary to decide on dose modifications of chemotherapy in daily clinical practice.

title: Chemotherapy-induced XXXX : influence on quality of life and development of a questionnaire to compose common @entity137 criteria grading for use in daily clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy', 'Peripheral Neuropathy', 'CIPN']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['neuropathy in multiple myeloma']


abstract: AIM: We investigated the level of knowledge of hematological management of @entity1 with @entity6924 among general cardiovascular nurses and nurses who specialize in @entity299 ( @entity299 ). METHODS: We conducted a survey at two international conferences attended by cardiovascular nurses. Nurses were asked to complete a questionnaire comprising two questions and three clinical case scenarios. Overall, 89 nurses participated (response rate 90.8%), 43 of whom specialized in @entity299 . RESULTS: The level of knowledge displayed among cardiovascular nurses is poor. About one-third of nurses not specialized in @entity299 recognized the definition of @entity6924 and knew what normal hematocrit levels are. With respect to the cases presented, less than 10% of the nurses could give a correct answer. The level of knowledge of specialized nurses was significantly higher, but also here, important gaps in the level of knowledge could be observed. Less than two-thirds knew the reference values of hematocrit and knew the appropriate management in two cases. Less than half of the specialized nurses knew about the procedure of isovolumic phlebotomy. CONCLUSION: The level of knowledge displayed by cardiovascular nurses regarding the hematological management of @entity1 with @entity6924 is poor. Also the knowledge of nurses specialized in @entity299 could be improved.

title: What do cardiovascular nurses know about the hematological management of XXXX with @entity6924 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6924 :: ('MESH:D004541', 'Disease') :: ['Eisenmenger syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease', 'CHD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The duration of urethral stenting after tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty for @entity2650 varies among surgeons. Typically the catheter is left for up to 7 days with the goal of minimizing post-operative complications. We describe our experience with overnight stenting for distal @entity4434 repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on @entity1 who underwent @entity4434 repair from 2003 to 2008. @entity1 who had their urethral catheter overnight were included in this analysis. Outcomes analyzed were the rates of: urethrocutaneous @entity292 , @entity850 , @entity3832 and @entity293 . RESULTS: A total of 64 @entity1 underwent outpatient @entity4434 repair. Forty-nine @entity1 had overnight urethral stenting with at least 12 months follow-up and were included in the analysis. Five of the 49 @entity1 (10.2%) developed urethrocutaneous @entity292 . Of these five @entity1 , two had undergone re-do @entity2650 repair. The @entity292 rate in primary repairs was 3/45 (6.7%). There were no incidences of @entity850 , @entity293 or urethral strictures. CONCLUSION: In our experience, overnight urethral stenting for @entity4434 repair does not significantly affect the rates of urethrocutaneous @entity292 , @entity850 and @entity293 . @entity1 who have had a primary @entity4434 repair may have their urethral catheter removed safely on post-operative day one.

title: Overnight urethral stenting after tubularized incised plate urethroplasty for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['urethral stricture']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['meatal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4434 :: ('MESH:D005198', 'Disease') :: ['TIP hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity2650 :: (MESH:D007021,Disease) :: ['distal hypospadias']


abstract: In vitro regulation of the key enzyme of @entity165 synthesis, @entity2453 reductase (EC 1.1.1.34) by compactin, a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme, and @entity12308 was studied in @entity95 ileum organ culture. Addition of compactin suppressed ileum homogenate reductase activity by over 80% at concentrations up to 0.5 microgram/ml. In contrast, compactin at the same concentrations added to the culture medium induced reductase activity up to 240% of controls. This increase was blocked by @entity1880 and @entity14975 at 10 mM, but not by @entity12308 (salt form) and @entity165 . Similarly, in contrast to ionized @entity12308 , @entity14975 significantly suppressed reductase activity of cultured intestine at 1 and 10 mM by 23 and 62%, respectively. A minor effect was also observed with preformed enzyme in fresh mucosal homogenate. When endogenous @entity165 synthesis was blocked by compactin, mucosal alkaline phosphatase activity decreased progressively, whereas medium activity from desquamated cells did not change. This distribution of the villous cell marker enzyme is characteristic of a decrease in crypt cell renewal and/or villous cell differentiation. This effect of compactin was also reversible with @entity14975 . The reductase enzyme induced by compactin was probably latent intracellularly, since tissue @entity165 contents dropped sharply after blockade of endogenous @entity5068 synthesis.

title: Regulation of @entity2453 reductase by endogenous XXXX synthesis in cultured intestinal mucosa.

entities_list: @entity12308 :: ('MESH:D008798', 'Chemical') :: ['mevalonate']

entities_list: @entity14975 :: ('MESH:C015367', 'Chemical') :: ['mevalonolactone']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity2453 :: ('MESH:C008047', 'Chemical') :: ['3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity5068 :: (CHEBI:15889,Chemical) :: ['sterol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis of an epidemiological relationship between stressful events and the date of emergence of @entity226 and/or @entity2760 rheumatica. METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 identified with anatomo-clinical criteria and whose mental state permitted prolonged questioning where included in the survey. A list of 65 events, covering the 2-year period preceding the onset of @entity226 and/or @entity2760 rheumatica, was used. Each event was assessed using an emotional scale with positive (1 to 10) or negative scores (-1 to -10). Zero corresponded to an event without impact. An event score was drawn-up for each @entity1 . The results were compared with those of a control group of 26 paired (age and gender) controls, 2 controls for each @entity1 were included. RESULTS: In the group of @entity1 , 12/13 (92.3%) had suffered from negative events 2 years before diagnosis of their disease, with a total of 35 negative events and a score of -271. In the control group, only 10/26 (38.8%) had suffered from negative events with a total of 21 negative events and a score of -132. The comparison (chi 2 test) of the total of recent negative events (2 years before diagnosis) for both groups, i.e., 35/112 versus 21/232, revealed a highly significant difference (chi 2 = 27.3; p < 0.00001). Conversely, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the total events having occurred throughout their lifetime. CONCLUSION: This result suggests the influence of stressful events in the clinical emergence of @entity226 and/or @entity2760 rheumatica.

title: [Effect of stressful life events on clinical development of XXXX and/or @entity2760 rheumatica].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['temporal arteritis']

entities_list: @entity2760 :: ('MESH:D011111', 'Disease') :: ['polymyalgia']

answer: @entity226 :: (MESH:D013700,Disease) :: ['temporal arteritis']


abstract: This randomised phase III study in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 was conducted to compare @entity1206 / @entity3003 (VC) and @entity136 / @entity3003 (GC) regarding efficacy, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and @entity137 . Chemonaive @entity1 with @entity1149 stage IIIB/IV and WHO performance status 0-2 were eligible. No upper age limit was defined. @entity1 received @entity1206 25 mg m(-2) or @entity136 1000 mg m(-2) on days 1 and 8 and @entity3003 AUC4 on day 1 and three courses with 3-week cycles. HRQOL questionnaires were completed at baseline, before chemotherapy and every 8 weeks until 49 weeks. During 14 months, 432 @entity1 were included (VC, n=218; GC, n=214). Median survival was 7.3 vs 6.4 months, 1-year survival 28 vs 30% and 2-year survival 7 vs 7% in the VC and GC arm, respectively (P=0.89). HRQOL, represented by global QOL, @entity390 / @entity391 , dyspnoea and @entity158 , showed no significant differences. More grade 3-4 @entity417 (P<0.01), @entity882 (P<0.01) and transfusions of blood (P<0.01) or platelets (P<0.01) were observed in the GC arm. There was more grade 3-4 leucopoenia (P<0.01) in the VC arm, but the rate of @entity281 was the same (P=0.87). In conclusion, overall survival and HRQOL are similar, while grade 3-4 @entity137 requiring interventions are less frequent when VC is compared to GC in advanced @entity1149 .

title: @entity1206 / @entity3003 vs @entity136 / @entity3003 in advanced XXXX shows similar efficacy, but different impact of @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic infections']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A potentially less-invasive technique, transluminal surgery, may reduce or eliminate @entity158 and decrease time to full return of activities after abdominal operations. @entity169 repair is perfectly suited to the transgastric endoscopic approach and has not been previously reported. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the feasibility of transgastric bilateral inguinal herniorrhaphy (BIH). DESIGN: Feasibility study with a nonsurvival @entity235 model. INTERVENTIONS: Under general anesthesia, male mongrel @entity235 weighing 20 to 30 kg had a dual-channel endoscope introduced into the peritoneal cavity over a percutaneously placed guidewire. An overtube with an insufflation channel was used. Peritoneoscopy was performed, and bilateral deep and superficial inguinal rings were identified. The endoscope was removed, premounted with a 4 x 6 cm acellular @entity1 dermal implant and then readvanced intraperitoneally through the overtube. The implant was then deployed across the entire myopectineal orifice and draped over the cord structures. Bioglue was then applied endoscopically, and the implant was attached to the peritoneum. After completion of bilateral repairs, the animals were killed and necropsy performed. RESULTS: Five @entity235 underwent pure natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) BIH. Accurate placement and adequate myopectineal coverage was accomplished in all subjects. At necropsy no injuries to the major structures were noted but Bioglue misapplication with contamination of unintended sites did occur. LIMITATIONS: Our study involved only a small number of subjects in nonsurvival experiments, and no gastric closure was used. CONCLUSIONS: Many of the characteristics of @entity169 repair are especially well suited to the transgastric approach. The repair is in line with the transgastric endoscope vector, bilateral defects are adjacent, and the IPOM technique does not require significant manipulation or novel instrumentation.

title: Feasibility study of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['Inguinal hernia', 'inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Informed consent is required in most clinical research with @entity1 . While federal regulations state consent information should be understandable to @entity1 , concerns have been raised that consent forms are overly long and complex. DESIGN: Consent forms from 2006 @entity645 network trials sponsored by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Division of @entity791 (DAIDS), were analyzed for complexity and length. Comparisons were made between @entity10479 and international sites, template and site forms, adult and pediatric trials, and trial type. How randomization and placebos were explained was examined as these are frequently misunderstood. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-four consent forms (21 template and 103 site forms) were reviewed. Median readability was 9.2 grade level, although confidentiality sections were 12.35 median grade level. International sites' forms had lower readability than @entity10479 forms (p = 0.025), template forms had lower readability than site forms (p = 0.046), and adult forms were less complex than pediatric (parent) forms (p < 0.0001). Median length of all forms was 22.4 pages; the 85 forms from adult studies had a median length of 27.4 pages. Sections describing randomization were a median length of 53 words. CONCLUSIONS: Consent forms are extremely long, exceeding recommendations for how much information readily can be processed. Networks should consider providing shorter consent templates, consistent with federal recommendations, given that sites' forms are based on these models. Further research should examine whether forms emphasizing key information (rather than providing details about all aspects of the research) improve understanding of research.

title: Length and complexity of XXXX and international @entity645 consent forms from federal @entity645 network trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'humans']

answer: @entity10479 :: (MESH:D065309,Disease) :: ['US']


abstract: One of the most common complications in @entity2395 major @entity1 is @entity2331 and @entity170 . In this study, we compare the therapeutic effect of two treatment protocols involving infusion of 45 mg of @entity5279 injection every 6 weeks (P45) and 90 mg @entity5279 infusion every 4 weeks (P90). Bone mineral density was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Z-score of lumbar vertebra (as L total) and the femoral head (as F total) were compared before and after administration of two protocols. Bone density between the two groups was compared by Student t test and by the paired t test before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS (18). Ninety-one @entity1 were treated with @entity5279 45 mg (P45), and 36 @entity1 were treated with @entity5279 90 mg (P90). Ninety-one and 36 @entity1 received P45 and P90 protocol, respectively. Mean age was 29.4    8.1 and 30.9    8.0 years old in P45 and P90 groups, respectively. Sixty-two and 58 % of P45 and P90 group were female. The means of F total were -1.73    1.11 and -1.47    0.92 before and after treatment in @entity1 P45 (P = 0.01) and were -1.83    0.75 and -1.57    0.99 in group P90 (P = 0.005), respectively. Before treatment, the means of L total were -2.95    0.81 and -2.92    0.66 (P = 0.8) and after treatment were -2.53    1.13 and 2.81    0.98 (P = 0.1) in P45 and P90 groups, respectively. In P45, between the mean of L total was statistically significant difference before and after treatment (P < 0.0001); however, there was no significant difference in the P90 group (P = 0.3). The study showed effectiveness of both protocols. As the medication is expensive and should be administrated parenterally, we recommend P45 protocol which is less expensive with fewer injections.

title: Which XXXX protocol is the best for treating @entity170 in beta-thalassemia major?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5279 :: ('MESH:C019248', 'Chemical') :: ['pamidronate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemia']

answer: @entity5279 :: (MESH:C019248,Chemical) :: ['pamidronate']


abstract: The development of basic fibroblast growth factor-like immunoreactivity was investigated in the nuclei, cell bodies and processes of Purkinje cells with attention to basic fibroblast growth factor-containing neuronal input to the @entity76 . Immunoblot analysis with the use of the antisera against basic fibroblast growth factor revealed that crude homogenate of the developing @entity35 cerebellum exhibits a main band with the same molecular weight (18,000 mol. wt) as basic fibroblast growth factor in all the postnasal stages examined. Cerebellar cells were not labeled with the antisera during embryonic life. Under light microscopy, basic fibroblast growth factor-like immunoreactivity was detected initially in cortical cells located close to @entity76 of the newborn @entity35 but not in superficial cortical regions. It was difficult to determine whether or not they are Purkinje cells at the fusiform stage. On postnatal day 7, immunoreactive Purkinje cells were identified throughout the cerebellar cortex, and they expressed basic fibroblast growth factor-like immunoreactivity mainly in the apical cytoplasm and proximal dendrites. From postnatal day 14 to postnatal day 28, basic fibroblast growth factor-like immunoreactivity was noted not only throughout the cytoplasm of Purkinje cells but also in the nuclei of the immunopositive cells. Our statistical analysis showed that Purkinje cells with nuclear immunoreaction peaked on postnatal day 21. At these stages, nerve fibers immunoreactive for basic fibroblast growth factor were numerous in the cerebellar medulla and @entity76 . After postnatal day 42, Purkinje cells with intense immunoreactivity in the nuclei showed a marked decrease in number, and immunoreactive structures were distributed in the cerebellum in a fashion similar to that in adult @entity35 . Electron microscopy demonstrated that immunoreactivity was located mainly in the apical cytoplasm of Purkinje cells on postnatal day 7 and throughout the cytoplasm and in the nuclear euchromatin from postnatal day 14 to postnatal day 28, as was expected from light-microscopic observations. Immunoreactivity, even though distributed diffusely in the cytoplasm, was absent from the lumen of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. A small population of Purkinje cell axon terminals forming synapses with the soma and dendrites of deep cerebellar nucleus neurons began to express basic fibroblast growth factor on postnatal day 21. This is much later than the starting age for synaptogenesis between Purkinje cells and deep cerebellar nucleus neurons. The age-dependent changes in the localization of basic fibroblast growth factor within Purkinje cell nucleus, soma and processes suggest a complex transport system of this factor within Purkinje cells during postnatal development.

title: Development of Purkinje cell bodies and processes with basic fibroblast growth factor-like immunoreactivity in the XXXX cerebellum.

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['deep cerebellar fissures', 'deep cerebellar nuclei']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Previous studies in @entity19 models and pilot epidemiology studies have demonstrated that inherited polymorphisms are associated with inherited risk of @entity5 progression and poor outcome in @entity1 @entity0 . To extend these studies and gain better understanding of the function of inherited polymorphism in @entity0 progression, a validation prognosis study was performed in a large independent @entity0 @entity1 population. METHODS: The study population consisted of 1863 Dutch @entity1 with operable primary @entity0 from Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Genomic DNA was genotyped for the missense @entity19106 @entity19107 B single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) @entity19108 and the intronic @entity19109 SNP @entity19110 by SNP-specific PCR. RESULTS: A significant association of variants in @entity19111 with @entity3 -free survival was observed (P = 0.012), validating the role of @entity19111 with inherited metastatic susceptibility. Stratification of @entity1 revealed that association with @entity1 ' survival was found to be specifically restricted to @entity172 receptor positive, lymph node-negative (ER+/LN-) @entity1 (P = 0.011). The specific association with @entity3 -free survival only in ER+/LN- @entity1 was replicated for @entity19109 , a second @entity3 susceptibility gene known to physically interact with @entity19111 (P = 0.006). Combining the genotypes of these two genes resulted in the significant ability to discriminate @entity1 with poor @entity3 -free survival (HR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.68, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results validate @entity19109 and @entity19111 as @entity3 susceptibility genes and suggest that genotyping assays may be a useful supplement to other clinical and molecular indicators of prognosis. The results also suggest that lymphatic and hematogeneous @entity3 are genetically distinct that may involve different mechanisms. If true, these results suggest that @entity3 , like primary @entity0 , may be @entity66 and that stratification of late stage @entity1 may therefore be required to fully understand @entity0 progression and @entity3 .

title: Distinct inherited @entity3 susceptibility exists for different XXXX subtypes: a prognosis study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity19106 :: ('p|SUB|P|436|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Pro436Leu']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multiple diseases']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: New strategies are needed for the detection and treatment of @entity2 and must derive from a fuller understanding of lung carcinogenesis. Frequent molecular @entity74 occur in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), but little is known about which of these precede an @entity189 . We examined the expression of @entity876 , @entity470 ( @entity470 ), and @entity310 , the most common molecular @entity74 in @entity1149 , in preneoplastic @entity2488 . Primary @entity1149 and associated @entity2488 were identified by retrospective review of resected @entity5 at this center. Expression in the invasive @entity189 , the associated @entity2488 , and normal lung were contrasted using immunohistochemistry. Thirty-four @entity1149 associated with 62 @entity2488 were identified. The invasive @entity5 included 15 @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and 19 non- @entity957 . Bronchial lesions included areas of squamous @entity4648 (n = 14), inflammatory atypia (n = 19), @entity1141 (n = 17), and @entity189 in situ (n = 12). Nineteen (56%) @entity1149 and 10 (16%) @entity2488 exhibited aberrant @entity876 immunostaining, whereas 18 (53%) @entity1149 and 30 (48%) @entity2488 showed abnormal @entity470 immunostaining. Positive staining for @entity310 was seen in 16 (47%) @entity1149 but occurred inconsistently in the @entity2488 and in normal bronchial epithelium. Only @entity2488 associated with @entity957 exhibited staining for @entity876 . Aberrant @entity470 expression was not associated with a specific @entity189 or with specific @entity1613 , although there was a trend toward increased expression in @entity1141 and @entity189 in situ relative to @entity4648 and atypia. All but one of the @entity1149 simultaneously showing aberrant @entity876 and @entity470 staining were SCC. We conclude that: (a) @entity310 is variably expressed in normal respiratory epithelium as well as reactive and preneoplastic @entity2488 ; (b) @entity876 expression is seen in preneoplastic @entity2488 but is not present in reactive or metaplastic epithelium; (c) aberrant @entity470 expression occurs in both reactive and preinvasive @entity2488 and may be an early marker of @entity5 transformation; and (d) the simultaneous aberrant expression of @entity470 and @entity876 occurs predominantly in SCC and their associated @entity2488 . These findings indicate that aberrant expression of @entity876 or the @entity470 is frequent in @entity5 , and coexpression may predispose to the development of @entity957 of the lung.

title: Aberrant expression of @entity876 or the @entity470 is frequent in early XXXX and coexpression precedes @entity957 development.

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial lesions']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor alpha']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial neoplasia', 'tumors', 'neoplastic']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer', 'NSCLC']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'invasive carcinoma', 'carcinoma', 'type of invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCCs', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['preneoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['bronchial neoplasia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Pharmacological blockade of N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) activity is an available approach for @entity32 and @entity158 control through restoring the ability of endogenous @entity3587 . But the recently reported NAAA inhibitors suffer from the chemical and biological unstable properties, which restrict functions of NAAA inhibition in vivo. It is still unrevealed whether systematic inhibition of NAAA could modulate @entity3587 -mediated @entity158 signalings. Here we reported an oxazolidinone imide compound 3-(6-phenylhexanoyl) oxazolidin-2-one (F96), which potently and selectively inhibited NAAA activity (IC50   =   270   nM). Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of F96 (3-30   mg/kg) dose-dependently reduced @entity4 and restored @entity3587 levels of ear tissues in 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced @entity4 models. Furthermore, F96 inhibited acetic acid-induced writhing and increased @entity128 induced tactile allodynia thresholds in a dose-dependent manner. Pharmacological effects of F96 (10   mg/kg, i.p.) on various animal models were abolished in @entity3229 (-/-) @entity19 , and were prevented by @entity3229 antagonist @entity20463 but not by canabinoid receptor type 1 ( @entity14650 ) antagonist Rimonabant nor canabinoid receptor type 2 ( @entity14651 ) antagonist @entity10029 . @entity3392 embryos experiments showed better security and lower @entity137 for F96 than ibuprofen. These results revealed that F96 might be useful in treating inflammatory and @entity9 by NAAA inhibition depending on @entity3229 receptors.

title: Potential analgesic effects of a novel N-acylethanolamine acid amidase inhibitor F96 through XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['ear edema']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['spared nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity3229 :: (19013(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['PPAR-a']


abstract: Infection of red blood cells (RBC) subjects the @entity311 parasite to oxidative stress. Therefore, efficient antioxidant and redox systems are required to prevent damage by reactive @entity26 species. @entity2637 spp. have thioredoxin and @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) systems that are thought to play a major role as antioxidants during blood stage infection. In this report, we analyzed a critical component of the @entity2197 biosynthesis pathway using reverse genetics. @entity2637 parasites lacking expression of @entity2638 synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate limiting enzyme in de novo synthesis of @entity2197 , were generated through targeted gene disruption thus demonstrating, quite unexpectedly, that gamma-GCS is not essential for blood stage development. Despite a significant reduction in @entity2197 levels, blood stage forms of pbggcs(-) parasites showed only a defect in growth as compared to wild type. In contrast, a dramatic effect on development of the parasites in the mosquito was observed. Infection of mosquitoes with pbggcs(-) parasites resulted in reduced numbers of stunted oocysts that did not produce sporozoites. These results have important implications for the design of drugs aiming at interfering with the @entity2197 redox-system in blood stages and demonstrate that de novo synthesis of @entity2197 is pivotal for development of @entity2637 in the mosquito.

title: The @entity2041 biosynthetic pathway of XXXX is essential for mosquito transmission.

entities_list: @entity2638 :: ('MESH:C017341', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-glutamylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity2637 :: ('5821', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium', 'Plasmodium berghei']

answer: @entity2637 :: (5821,Species) :: ['Plasmodium']


abstract: Although the steps involved in biosynthesis and secretion of the neuropeptide vasopressin ( @entity8050 ) have been extensively studied, the factors which regulate @entity8050 gene expression remain unknown. Therefore, we sought to determine the dynamics of @entity8050 mRNA accumulation in response to a strong stimulus for @entity8050 release, i.e. during salt imbibition and the ensuing period of rehydration. @entity8050 mRNA levels were determined in terms of absolute amounts by a novel quantitative densitometric hybridization assay, using in vitro synthesized sense-strand RNA as a quantitative standard and complementary anti-sense RNA as a specific probe. The template used for RNA transcription consisted of a 196-base pair genomic DNA fragment corresponding to exon C of the @entity35 @entity8050 gene. Determination of basal @entity1640 @entity8050 mRNA levels yielded 12.5 +/- 2.7 fmol/hypothalamus. Salt imbibition, which induced a 6% rise in blood osmolality and an 82% loss of pituitary @entity8050 , resulted in a 3-fold increase of @entity8050 mRNA to 35 +/- 5 fmol/hypothalamus. Following rehydration, plasma osmolality returned to control levels by day 2, pituitary @entity8050 by day 6, and @entity1640 @entity8050 by day 14. By contrast, @entity8050 mRNA levels remained significantly elevated throughout the 30-day rehydration period. Furthermore, pituitary @entity8050 reached a level of 177% of control by day 14 of rehydration. These data show that osmotic stimulation results in a long-lasting elevation of @entity1640 @entity8050 mRNA; during rehydration, these elevated mRNA levels direct @entity8050 biosynthesis at a rate which surpasses secretory demands; @entity8050 mRNA accumulation does not appear to be directly regulated by either @entity2339 @entity8050 . Therefore, either an unusually long half-life of greater than or equal to 7 days must be assumed for @entity8050 mRNA or, alternatively, a continued stimulation of @entity8050 gene transcription must occur, even in the absence of a secretory stimulus and following complete repletion of cellular @entity8050 stores.

title: Regulation of vasopressin gene expression in @entity35 XXXX neurons. Response to osmotic stimulation.

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary or hypothalamic']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic']

answer: @entity1640 :: (MESH:D007027,Disease) :: ['hypothalamic']


abstract: In the @entity1399 subfield of the gerbil hippocampus, an unusual series of changes were noticed after @entity63 . Mongolian gerbils were subjected to bilateral @entity432 for 5 min. Perfusion fixation was performed 3, 6 and 12 h or 1, 2, 4, 7 and 21 days afterwards. Specimens obtained from the dorsal hippocampus were processed for light and electron microscopy. Three different types of changes were observed in the @entity3729 , @entity7464 and @entity1399 subfields. In @entity3729 , the change was rapid and corresponded to ischemic cell change. The alteration in @entity7464 was relatively slow, and identical to what has been called reactive change. On the contrary, the change in the @entity1399 pyramidal cells was very slow, only becoming apparent by light microscopy 2 days following @entity63 . The @entity1399 subfield was selected for electron microscopic observation. The lamellar alignment of proliferated cisterns of the endoplasmic reticulum was the most conspicuous finding in these cells. Four days following @entity63 , almost all of the pyramidal cells in @entity1399 were destroyed. In the @entity1399 neuropil, numerous presynaptic terminals remained without being apposed to normal postsynaptic sites. These changes in @entity1399 , called here 'delayed @entity528 ', may differ from those thought to be typical of @entity528 . It was unlikely that the disturbance of local blood vessels was the cause of these changes.

title: Delayed XXXX in the gerbil hippocampus following @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['carotid occlusion']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic neuronal damage', 'neuronal death']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['neuronal death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity459 ( @entity459 ) has a variable clinical presentation and symptomatic @entity459 is still the predominant form of the disease in India. Data from western India is lacking. AIM: To present the clinical profile of @entity459 from western India. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care referral center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the clinical presentation, biochemical, radiological features, and operative findings in adult @entity1 with @entity459 (1986-2008) and compared with our published data of @entity1 and adolescent @entity1 with @entity459 . STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: was done with SPSS 16 software. RESULTS: Seventy-nine @entity1 (F: M-2:1) with age ranging from 21 to 55 years (mean 33.5+/-8.82) were analyzed. Skeletal manifestations (75.5%), @entity1290 (40.5%) and proximal @entity425 (45.5%) were the most common symptoms of presentation with mean duration of symptoms being 33.70 (median: 24, range 1-120) months. Biochemical features included @entity2741 (total corrected @entity460 12.55+/-1.77 mg/dl), low inorganic @entity3151 (1.81+/-0.682 mg/dl), elevated total alkaline phosphatase (mean: 762.2; median: 559; range: 50-4930IU/L) and high @entity461 ( @entity461 ) (mean+/-SD: 866.61+/-799.15; median: 639.5; range: 52-3820 pg/ml). Preoperative localization was achieved in 74 @entity1 and single @entity652 was found during surgery in 72 @entity1 . @entity79 was seen in 30.3% and @entity261 developed in 62% @entity1 . In comparison to @entity459 in @entity1 there were no significant differences with regard to clinical, laboratory and radiological features. CONCLUSIONS: @entity459 in western India is symptomatic disorder with skeletal and renal manifestations at a much younger age. Clinical profile of @entity459 in @entity1 is similar to that of adults.

title: Clinical profile of XXXX from western India: a single center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['Primary hyperparathyroidism', 'PHPT']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Hungry bone disease']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal calculi']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['transient hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Isolated complete @entity713 in the fetus is a rare but potentially lethal condition in which the effect of @entity134 treatment on outcome is unclear. The objective of this work was to study risk factors associated with @entity204 and the influence of @entity134 treatment on outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 175 fetuses diagnosed with second- or third-degree @entity713 (2000-2007) retrospectively in a multinational, multicenter setting. In 80% of 162 pregnancies with documented antibody status, @entity713 was associated with maternal anti-Ro/SSA antibodies. Sixty-seven cases (38%) were treated with fluorinated @entity288 for a median of 10 weeks (1-21 weeks). Ninety-one percent were alive at birth, and survival in the neonatal period was 93%, similar in @entity134 -treated and untreated fetuses, regardless of degree of block and/or presence of anti-Ro/SSA. Variables associated with @entity204 were gestational age < 20 weeks, ventricular rate  <= 50 bpm, fetal @entity4 , and @entity1002 at diagnosis. The presence of >=  1 of these variables was associated with a 10-fold increase in mortality before birth and a 6-fold increase in the neonatal period independently of treatment. Except for a lower gestational age at diagnosis in treated than untreated (23.4    2.9 versus 24.9    4.9 weeks; P=0.02), risk factors were distributed equally between treatment groups. Two-thirds of survivors had a pacemaker by 1 year of age; 8 @entity1 developed @entity296 . CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors associated with a poor outcome were gestation < 20 weeks, ventricular rate  <= 50 bpm, @entity4 , and @entity1002 . No significant effect of treatment with fluorinated @entity288 was seen.

title: Isolated XXXX in the fetus: a retrospective, multinational, multicenter study of 175 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['impaired left ventricular function']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity713 :: (MESH:D054537,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular block']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy with @entity4936 for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity7499 . DESIGN: Prospective interventional case series. METHODS: Eighteen eyes of 18 @entity1 with stable @entity7499 who were refractory to conventional treatment were treated with photodynamic therapy with @entity4936 (6 mg/m(2)). Five @entity1 were treated following penetrating keratoplasty (PK), and two @entity1 were treated before PK. Anterior segment photography was performed before and after treatment. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and area of @entity7499 were measured. RESULTS: At the one-year follow-up, 14 eyes (77.8%) showed a @entity7499 , and nine eyes (50.0%) showed @entity432 . In five @entity1 who had corneal allograft, complete or partial occlusion was achieved in all eyes. Two @entity1 who underwent subsequent keratoplasty did not manifest allograft rejection or revascularization. Seventeen eyes (94.4%) had stable or improved vision. The mean area of @entity7499 significantly decreased from 25.5 +/- 14.2 mm(2) to 14.9 +/- 14.6 mm(2) (P < .01), respectively. No significant complications associated with photodynamic therapy were observed except mild stromal haze in one eye. CONCLUSION: Photodynamic therapy with @entity4936 may be effective for the treatment of @entity7499 .

title: Photodynamic therapy with XXXX for @entity7499 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['complete vascular occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4936 :: ('MESH:C098350', 'Chemical') :: ['verteporfin']

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in corneal neovascularization', 'corneal neovascularization']

answer: @entity4936 :: (MESH:C098350,Chemical) :: ['verteporfin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate a new chemotherapeutic regimen as an adjunct to the conventional surgical management of @entity1 with advanced @entity2347 of the lacrimal gland. @entity1 AND METHODS: Two @entity1 with extensive @entity2347 of the lacrimal gland were treated with intracarotid @entity900 and intravenous @entity632 prior to orbital exenteration. Postoperatively, the @entity1 received 55 to 60 Gy of orbital irradiation, augmented by additional intravenous @entity900 and @entity632 . Serial clinical and computed tomographic scan examinations were performed to monitor for evidence of recurrent disease. RESULTS: Tumor shrinkage was documented radiographically following this preoperative chemotherapy regimen, downstaging the disease in one case from intracranial involvement to a more surgically amenable intraorbital process. Tumor @entity39 was confirmed in the exenteration specimen. Limited morbidity was experienced and both @entity1 have achieved long-term survival to date of 9 1/2 years (114 months) and 7 1/2 years (94 months). CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first report of the efficacy of neoadjuvant intracarotid chemotherapy in the treatment of an advanced @entity2347 of the lacrimal gland. The combination of @entity900 and @entity632 and the methods of drug delivery may be factors contributory to the favorable response. The results of this new treatment regimen are encouraging and justify further investigation.

title: Neoadjuvant intracarotid chemotherapy for treatment of advanced XXXX of the lacrimal gland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin', 'doxorubicin hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenocystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity2347 :: (MESH:D003528,Disease) :: ['adenocystic carcinoma']


abstract: @entity788 ( @entity788 ) are relatively uncommon @entity5 . Although their histologic patterns have been widely studied, their cytologic features as they appear in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens have rarely been reported. In this study, aspirates of seven @entity788 , four primary and three metastatic lesions (two to liver and one to bone), are described. The @entity5 occurred in seven @entity1 ranging in age from 37 to 72 yr. Six @entity5 presented as nonfunctioning masses and one produced @entity8579 . Three were located in the head of the pancreas and four in the body and tail. The @entity96 were performed under computed tomographic guidance and the @entity79 , under fluoroscopy. The aspiration specimens were hypercellular. The @entity5 cells occurred singly and in small clusters. In three cases, there was a tendency toward acinar formations. In two cases, there were prominent, thin-walled, branching blood vessels with @entity5 cells attached to the vascular walls. The cells were round or polygonal with a moderate amount of finely granular, well-defined cytoplasm. The nuclei were eccentrically located and round-to-oval--with one or two small nucleoli and finely granular, evenly-dispersed chromatin. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunocytochemistry (two cases) and electron microscopy (four cases) of the aspirated material and histology sections of the resected @entity5 (two cases). The results of this study demonstrate that FNA is a useful method to establish the diagnosis of @entity788 .

title: Fine-needle aspiration cytology in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic endocrine tumors', 'PETs']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic and liver aspirations']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesion']

entities_list: @entity8579 :: ('MESH:D015043', 'Disease') :: ['Zollinger-Ellison syndrome']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic endocrine tumors']


abstract: Aralar1 is a mitochondrial @entity492 / @entity2227 carrier and a key component of the @entity5910 - @entity492 NADH shuttle system. An analytical approach to obtain high sequence coverage is important to predict conformation, identify splice variants and binding partners or generate specific antibodies. Moreover, a method allowing determination of Aralar1 from brain samples is a prerequisite for evaluating a biological role. Sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation was applied to enrich native membrane protein fractions and these were run on blue-native PAGE, followed by multidimensional gel electrophoresis. Spots from the third-dimensional gel electrophoresis were in-gel digested with trypsin, chymotrypsin and subtilisin. Subsequently, peptides were analyzed by nano-ESI-LC-MS/MS using collision-induced dissociation and electron transfer dissociation modes. Modiro v1.1 along with Mascot v2.2 software was used for data handling. Aralar1 could be clearly separated, unambiguously identified and characterized from protein extracts of @entity19 hippocampus by the use of the multidimensional gel electrophoretic steps. The combined sequence coverage of Aralar1 from trypsin, chymotrypsin and subtilisin digestions was 99.85%. The results provide the basis for future studies of Aralar1 at the protein chemical rather than at the immunochemical level in the brain and thus challenge and enable determination of Aralar1 levels required for understanding biological functions in health and disease.

title: Mass spectrometrical analysis of the mitochondrial carrier Aralar1 from XXXX hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']