abstract: In subretinal neovascularisation capillaries originating from the choriocapillaris must cross Bruch's membrane to reach the subretinal pigment epithelial space. Thus gaps in Bruch's membrane have to be formed before subretinal neovascularisation. Histological examination of eyes with subretinal neovascularisation or disciform scars has shown macrophages adjacent to thin areas and @entity397 in Bruch's membrane. This has been interpreted as phagocytosis of Bruch's membrane. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether immune complex depositions can be detected in maculae with early stages of age-related @entity1020 and to explain the macrophage reaction before the disciform reaction. A series of 20 @entity1 maculae were examined by direct immunofluorescence light microscopy to detect the presence of immune complexes with antibodies directed against immunoglobulins, @entity2002 , and complement factors. Transmission electron microscopy on several maculae was performed to identify the macrophages. Macrophages were observed in close relation to the readily recognisable long spacing collagen, which suggested that long spacing collagen was selectively internalised by these cells. Definite immune complex depositions were not found in basal laminar deposits or drusen. Linear deposits of @entity2002 and complement were frequently found in the outer collagenous zone of Bruch's membrane. However, because of the absence of immunoglobulins, it seems unlikely that these non-specific deposits might cause chemoattraction of macrophages and play a role in the initial phase of the development of subretinal neovascularisation and disciform @entity1020 .

title: Early stages of age-related XXXX : an immunofluorescence and electron microscopy study.

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: Second-line intraperitoneal (i.p.) therapy has been demonstrated to result in surgically defined complete responses (S-CR) in 25%-40% of @entity1 with @entity43 (microscopic disease or @entity5 mass less than 1 cm in diameter). To evaluate the influence of the surgical finding of @entity298 on the S-CR rate to salvage i.p. therapy in this @entity1 population, we retrospectively reviewed the operative reports of 70 @entity1 with @entity43 treated on one of three phase-2 second-line i.p. trials at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Of the 11 @entity1 with @entity189 , none achieved a S-CR compared to a S-CR rate of 37% (22/59) in @entity1 without this surgical finding (chi 2 = 6.0; P less than 0.025). However, of the 7 @entity1 with @entity189 treated on a @entity900 -based i.p. program, the only 2 who had previously responded to systemic @entity902 also experienced a response (partial) to the i.p. @entity900 regimen. In conclusion, while the surgical finding of @entity298 indicates a poor prognosis in @entity1 with @entity43 for response to i.p. chemotherapy, @entity1 in this clinical setting with prior evidence of @entity902 sensitivity may experience some benefit from an i.p. @entity900 -based treatment strategy.

title: Salvage intraperitoneal therapy of XXXX : impact of pretreatment finding of peritoneal @entity189 on the surgical complete response rate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['small-volume residual ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['largest tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse peritoneal carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['small-volume residual ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the value and correlation between sestamibi scan and @entity6693 staining for localization of parathyroid glands in @entity1 with @entity459 . STUDY DESIGN: Nonrandomized convenience sample, followed prospectively. METHODS: Twenty-three consecutive @entity1 underwent 24 operations for @entity459 . All @entity1 underwent preoperative @entity10979 planar scintigraphy, preoperative administration of 7.5 mg/kg @entity6693 initiated within 60 minutes of @entity954 , and surgical neck exploration supervised by a single surgeon. RESULTS: All @entity1 were cured of @entity2741 . Sensitivity for sestamibi and for @entity6693 staining was 76% and 79%, respectively. Specificity for sestamibi and for @entity6693 was 98% and 93%, respectively. Agreement between sestamibi and @entity6693 was 96%. CONCLUSIONS: Sestamibi scanning and @entity6693 staining are useful, complementary localizing tools for @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity459 . When used together, these studies decrease operative time, justify unilateral exploration in @entity1 with @entity3243 , and increase the ease of identification of @entity3243 glands.

title: XXXX and sestamibi: complementary tools for localizing parathyroids.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity10979 :: ('MESH:D017256', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium 99m-sestamibi']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['surgical incision']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic parathyroid', 'parathyroid adenoma']

answer: @entity6693 :: (MESH:D008751,Chemical) :: ['Methylene blue']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of @entity7187 through kinetic parameters in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of lipopolysaccharide-induced @entity651 . @entity35 were divided into four groups: lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS + @entity8588 , LPS + @entity29885 and LPS + @entity46293 . BALF samples were collected at sampling times. @entity1505 , @entity3426 , @entity568 , @entity13358 and @entity46294 (PGM) and @entity40109 ( @entity40109 ) were analysed. Area under the curve (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) values of inflammatory mediators were determined by a pharmacokinetic computer programme. When inflammatory mediator concentrations were compared between the LPS group and other groups for each sampling time, the three macrolides had no pronounced @entity9598 effect on cytokine levels, but they depressed PGM and @entity40109 levels. In addition, @entity8588 and @entity29885 decreased the AUC0-24 level of @entity1505 , while @entity29885 decreased the AUC0-24 level of @entity13358 . @entity8588 and @entity46293 decreased the AUC0-24 of PGM, and all three macrolides decreased the AUC0-24 of @entity40109 . Especially @entity8588 and @entity46293 may have more expressed anti-inflammatory effects than @entity29885 , via depressing the production of inflammatory mediators in the lung. The AUC may be used for determining the effects of drugs on @entity32 . In this study, the antiinflammatory effects of these antibiotics were evaluated with kinetic parameters as a new and different approach.

title: Effects of @entity8588 , @entity29885 and @entity46293 on inflammatory mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of lipopolysaccharide-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8588 :: ('MESH:D015645', 'Chemical') :: ['Tylosin', 'tylosin']

entities_list: @entity9598 :: ('MESH:C535349', 'Disease') :: ['depressor']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity7187 :: ('MESH:D018942', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolides']

entities_list: @entity29885 :: ('MESH:C052319', 'Chemical') :: ['tilmicosin']

entities_list: @entity46294 :: ('CHEBI:63976', 'Chemical') :: ['13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2a']

entities_list: @entity46293 :: ('MESH:C485204', 'Chemical') :: ['tulathromycin']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['lung injury']


abstract: A 50-year-old Caucasian @entity1 was admitted with unexplained @entity490 . Based on CT scan results, a perforation resulting from @entity694 was suspected. Additional colonoscopy showed @entity1066 of the transverse colon. Initially, the @entity1 recovered on conservative treatment; however, because of persistent @entity850 , an elective resection of the transverse colon was performed. A CT scan revealed free gas around the @entity254 on the fourth postoperative day. Relaparotomy revealed leakage and diffuse ischaemic changes around the @entity254 as well as perforations at different sites on the small bowel. Postoperative CT angiography showed @entity850 of the proximal celiac trunk, which was successfully stented. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) revealed luminal irregularities of the superior mesenteric, the middle colic as well as the main @entity99 . Eventually, the clinical presentation and surgical, radiologic and histopathological findings together led to the diagnosis of @entity573 nodosa (PAN). Aggressive treatment with glucocorticoids and @entity786 resulted in the resolution of symptoms and the disappearance of @entity854 .

title: [ XXXX with a microvascular cause].

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic and splenic arteries']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['polyarteritis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative stenosis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['radiologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colitis of the transverse colon']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['Abdominal pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to focus on the clinical and paraclinical symptoms of @entity1 suffering from Stage IV @entity5513 ( @entity5513 ). @entity1 : In this prospective study, we included 734 @entity1 who have VS and candidates for operation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 were classified as having Stage I, II, III, or IV @entity5 according to Tos criteria as evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. PREOPERATIVE CLINICAL EVALUATION: We recorded the occurrence of complaints (%) and duration (yr) of @entity393 , @entity74 . Preoperative paraclinical evaluation included pure-tone ( @entity865 ) and speech audiometry, auditory brainstem response (ABR) patterns, and vestibular deficit at videonystamography (VNG). Continuous variables were compared between Stage IV and other stages using analysis of variance. Qualitative variables expressed as a percentage of presence were compared between Stage IV and other stages using percentage comparison. RESULTS: Quantitative Parameters. @entity1 with Stage IV VS were significantly younger as compared with @entity1 with other stages. Stage IV @entity393 was greater compared with other stages at 250 and 500 Hz but smaller at 2,000 and 8,000 Hz. We found no difference in the loss of PTA between Stage IV and the other stages. Speech discriminancy score was smaller in Stage IV. The durations of @entity393 , @entity74 were similar whatever the @entity5 stage. Auditory brainstem response patterns showed no difference in Wave III latency between Stage IV VS and other stages, whereas Wave V latency and V-I interval were higher in Stage IV. Both ABR threshold and VNG caloric deficit were higher in Stage IV VS compared with other stages. Qualitative Parameters. The percentage of @entity1 with Stage IV was lower than that with Stages II and III. The percentage of @entity1 and @entity1 was similar in all stages. The occurrence of @entity393 was similar in all stages, whereas that of @entity392 was lower in Stage IV compared with Stages I and II. In contrast, the occurrence of @entity74 was higher in Stage IV compared with all other stages. CONCLUSION: In clinical and paraclinical manifestation, Stage IV VS is different from the other stages. The PTA differences may be attributed to the younger age. Occurrence of clinical symptoms, ABR, and VNG pattern can be explained by the fact that Stage IV develops rapidly in the vestibular, rather than the cochlear nerve and by the fact that @entity5 can be cerebellar compression. This has been confirmed by the higher occurrence of @entity74 in Stage IV and the lower occurrence of @entity392 with similar @entity393 in all stages.

title: Are stage IV XXXX preoperatively different from other stages?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['VSs', 'vestibular schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'larger tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['balance disorder', 'tinnitus, and balance disorder', 'balance disorders', 'tinnitus, and balance disorders']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannomas']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2332 ( @entity2332 ) is indicated for @entity772 survivors of @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) to improve clinical outcome. In this study, we compared the efficacy of two different cooling devices for temperature management in @entity1164 survivors. METHODS: Between April 2008 and August 2009, 80 @entity1 after survived in-hospital (IHCA) and out-of-hospital @entity1167 (OHCA) were included in this prospective, randomized, single center study. @entity2332 was induced after randomization by either invasive Coolgard(  ) cooling or non-invasive ArcticSun(  ) surface cooling at 33.0   C core body temperature for 24 h followed by active rewarming. The primary endpoint was defined as the efficacy of both cooling systems, measured by @entity3508 ( @entity3508 ) levels as a surrogate parameter for @entity75 . Secondary efficacy endpoints were the clinical and neurological outcome, time to start of cooling and reaching the target temperature, target temperature-maintenance and @entity2332 -associated complications. RESULTS: @entity3508 at 72 h did not differ significantly between the 2 groups with 16.5 ng/ml, interquartile range 11.8-46.5 in surface-cooled @entity1 versus 19.0 ng/ml, interquartile range 11.0-42.0 in invasive-cooled @entity1 , p = 0.99. Neurological and clinical outcome was similar in both groups. Target temperature of 33.0   C was maintained more stable in the invasive group (33.0 versus 32.7   C, p < 0.001). Bleeding complications were more frequent with invasive cooling (n = 17 [43.6 %] versus n = 7 [17.9 %]; p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Invasive cooling has advantages with respect to temperature management over surface cooling; however, did not result in different outcome as measured by @entity3508 release in @entity1164 survivors. Bleeding complications were more frequently encountered by invasive cooling.

title: Invasive versus non-invasive cooling after in- and out-of-hospital XXXX : a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['SCA', 'sudden cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['NSE', 'neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['Mild induced hypothermia', 'MIH', 'hypothermia', 'Hypothermia']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: The introduction of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs in the 1970's improved the survival rate of @entity1 with @entity79 and allowed limb salvage surgeries. However, since the turn of the century, survival data has plateaued for a subset of metastatic, nonresponding osteo, and/or @entity2828 . In addition, most high-grade @entity511 does not respond to current chemotherapy. With an increased understanding of molecular pathways governing oncogenesis, modern targeted therapy regimens may enhance the efficacy of current therapeutic modalities. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK)/Extracellular-Signal-Regulated Kinases (ERK) are key regulators of oncogenic phenotypes such as proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and inflammatory responses; which are the hallmarks of @entity5 . Consequently, MAPK/ERK inhibitors have emerged as promising therapeutic targets for certain types of @entity5 , but there have been sparse reports in @entity79 . Scattered papers suggest that MAPK targeting inhibits proliferation, local invasiveness, @entity3 , and drug resistance in @entity79 . A recent clinical trial showed some clinical benefits in @entity1 with unresectable or metastatic @entity421 following MAPK/ERK targeting therapy. Despite in vitro proof of therapeutic concept, there are no sufficient in vivo or clinical data available for @entity2828 or @entity511 . Further experimental and clinical trials are awaited in order to bring MAPK targeting into a clinical arena.

title: MAPK/ERK Signaling in @entity421 , XXXX and @entity511 : Therapeutic Implications and Future Directions.

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['Ewing sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma', 'chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing Sarcomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Error-related brain activity has been linked to error detection enabling adaptive behavioral adjustments. However, it is still unclear which role error @entity3596 plays in this process. Here, we show that the error-related negativity ( @entity33548 /ERN), an event-related potential reflecting early error monitoring, is dissociable from the degree of error @entity3596 . @entity1 responded to a target while ignoring two different incongruent distractors. After responding, they indicated whether they had committed an error, and if so, whether they had responded to one or to the other distractor. This error classification paradigm allowed distinguishing partially aware errors, (i.e, errors that were noticed but misclassified) and fully aware errors (i.e., errors that were correctly classified). The @entity33548 /ERN was larger for partially aware errors than for fully aware errors. Whereas this speaks against the idea that the @entity33548 /ERN foreshadows the degree of error @entity3596 , it confirms the prediction of a computational model, which relates the @entity33548 /ERN to post-response conflict. This model predicts that stronger distractor processing - a prerequisite of error classification in our paradigm - leads to lower post-response conflict and thus a smaller @entity33548 /ERN. This implies that the relationship between @entity33548 /ERN and error @entity3596 depends on how error @entity3596 is related to response conflict in a specific task. Our results further indicate that the @entity33548 /ERN but not the degree of error @entity3596 determines adaptive performance adjustments. Taken together, we conclude that the @entity33548 /ERN is dissociable from error @entity3596 and foreshadows adaptive performance adjustments. Our results suggest that the relationship between the @entity33548 /ERN and error @entity3596 is correlative and mediated by response conflict.

title: Error-related brain activity and error XXXX in an error classification paradigm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity3596 :: ('MESH:D058926', 'Disease') :: ['awareness']

answer: @entity3596 :: (MESH:D058926,Disease) :: ['awareness']


abstract: Mephenesin is a muscle relaxant with poorly documented clinical value. Its sedative properties have been known since its introduction on the French market. Cases of abuse and @entity734 have been reported, particularly since the early 2010s. Some adults were reported to be taking up to 12 g of mephenesin per day, the equivalent of an entire box. Most of them had a history of @entity734 on various other psychotropic drugs. @entity3347 , including @entity400 , @entity148 , and @entity146 , have been reported in 3 @entity1 . A @entity1 who was taking no other drugs died of bronchial aspiration following @entity37655 @entity1445 . Painful @entity2473 is sometimes relieved by a short rest period, or @entity1443 . Repeated requests for mephenesin should alert health professionals to the possibility of abuse. It is best to avoid mephenesin altogether, especially when the @entity1 has a history of abuse or @entity734 .

title: XXXX : abuse and @entity734 .

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['Withdrawal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression']

entities_list: @entity2473 :: ('MESH:D013035', 'Disease') :: ['muscle spasm']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity37655 :: ('MESH:D008615', 'Chemical') :: ['mephenesin']

answer: @entity37655 :: (MESH:D008615,Chemical) :: ['Mephenesin']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the @entity5 cell type and sex distribution of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2 during 2004. @entity1 with @entity2 were detected from pathology records. Clinical files of @entity1 were analyzed retrospectively. 1403 @entity1 with @entity2 were included in the study. 1238 (88.2%) @entity1 were male and 165 (11.8%) were female and female to male ratio was 1/7.5. When the ratio was compared with 1/10.9 in 1998, the ratio of female @entity1 was determined to increase. @entity5 cell type was @entity957 in 577 (41.1%) @entity1 , @entity420 in 359 (25.6%), @entity4153 in 184 (13.1%), @entity1149 in 115 (8.2%) and other @entity5 in 21 (1.5%) @entity1 . @entity5 cell type was not detected in 147 (10.5%) @entity1 . When 147 @entity1 were excluded from the study, the frequency of @entity957 was 45.9%, @entity420 was 28.6% and @entity4153 was 14.6%. The results of our study show that @entity957 is the most frequent @entity5 cell type in our center and the ratio of female @entity1 is increasing.

title: [Does XXXX type and sex distribution of @entity2 change? The comparison of the results of 2004 and previous years].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malign tumors', 'tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['primary lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['nonsmall cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: A standard therapeutic approach for advanced @entity5 has yet to be defined given the rarity of this condition. We present a @entity1 with advanced @entity704 , evaluated as inoperable at diagnosis due to multiple serosal metastases. The strong constitution and determination of the @entity1 allowed treatment with six distinct and subsequent chemotherapy regimens, all administered on an outpatient basis. A survival of 64 months from diagnosis was achieved. A favorable clinical response was obtained after the first three treatment lines, with the disappearance of all lesions on both computed tomography and positron emission tomography (PET) images. However, this result was not confirmed by surgical exploration of the thorax, undertaken with the aim of radical excision of possible @entity66 . The presence of multiple pleural nodules, not evident on the imaging techniques, prevented even limited @entity5 debulking. The chemotherapy lines administered following detection of the lessions, stabilized the disease for a further 2 years, while a satisfactory quality of life was maintained. Only in the last months did the @entity5 progress and signs of @entity1370 appear, with the latter constituting the eventual cause of @entity204 . This case is important since the medical literature does not indicate non-cross-resistant regimens for advanced @entity704 following second-line chemotherapy, and the sequence of regimens presented in this case study may serve as a feasible outline program. Moreover, we highlight the known possibility of false-negative PET studies, which can occur despite the claimed @entity413 avidity of @entity704 tissue.

title: Prolonged survival in advanced XXXX : Effectiveness of sequential multiple lines of chemotherapy in an inoperable case.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant thymoma', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity704 :: (MESH:D013945,Disease) :: ['thymoma']


abstract: This study investigated the somatic maturation and ontogeny of reflexes in neonate @entity35 treated with @entity3756 (Sert) during the suckling period. The animals were divided into four groups; three that received daily doses of Sert (5, 10 or 15 mg/kg s.c.; groups Sert5, Sert10, and Sert15, respectively), and a fourth group that received distilled water (Dw) (1 ml/kg/b.w.). Growth indicators (body weight, @entity2270 of the head and tail length) were measured daily, from the 1st to the 21st postnatal day. The reflexes (righting, free-fall righting, @entity549 , cliff avoidance, auditory startle response, vibrissa placing and palm grasp) and physical-feature maturation (ear unfolding, auditory conduit opening, irruption of the lower incisors and eye opening) were recorded each day of the animal's life. All groups were compared to the Dw group. The body weight gain was reduced in all the Sert groups. Moreover, a delay in the growth of the body length was observed in all the Sert groups. Higher Sert doses reduced the speed of growth in the tail length. The medio-lateral head @entity2270 reduced in Sert15 and Sert5 doses. Otherwise, Sert10 had a temporary acceleration in this growth, but the growth of the anteroposterior head @entity2270 had a delay in all the Sert groups. The highest doses induced a delay in physical-feature maturation. The palm grasp reflex (disappearance) was retarded in Sert10; cliff avoidance advanced in Sert10; negative-geotaxis and free-fall righting retarded in Sert15. The findings suggest that altered serotonergic system activity induced by @entity3756 early in life could play a role in the retardation of the somatic growth ontogeny as well as a delay in the maturation of some reflexes.

title: @entity3756 delays the somatic growth and reflex ontogeny in neonate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity549 :: ('MESH:D064726', 'Disease') :: ['negative geotaxis']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Lattice @entity3985 with @entity14755 (Finnish type, @entity15343 , @entity1941 ) has not been reported in Japan to date. In this study we report on 7 cases in a Japanese family which we recently examined. The proband, a 64-year-old @entity1 , suffering from itching in his limbs, @entity717 and @entity4653 , consulted the Department of Neurology, University of Tokyo. Neurological examinations revealed bilateral facial, glossopharyngeal, vagal and @entity6256 , and also @entity73 . Immunohistological and biochemical studies confirmed the diagnosis of @entity1941 . Ophthalmological examinations showed his vision was 1.2 with fine lattice @entity3985 in both eyes. The @entity3986 was randomly scattered with short glassy lines. Corneal sensation was normal and there was no evidence of recurrent @entity2687 . Six family members with similar lattice @entity3985 also were suspected to be affected neurologically by @entity1941 . The family pedigree suggested an autosomal dominant trait of inheritance.

title: Lattice @entity3985 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity15343 :: ('MESH:C537459', 'Disease') :: ["Meretoja's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity6256 :: ('MESH:D020437', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglossal nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired distal vibratory perception']

entities_list: @entity3985 :: ('MESH:D003317', 'Disease') :: ['corneal dystrophy', 'corneal dystrophy type II', 'corneal dystrophies']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['lattice dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity14755 :: ('MESH:D028227', 'Disease') :: ['familial amyloid polyneuropathy type IV']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal erosion']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['impaired lip movement']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity14755 :: (MESH:D028227,Disease) :: ['familial amyloid polyneuropathy type IV']


abstract: As a group, @entity302 of frontal lobe origin are thought to be poorly localized using surface EEG recordings. This finding may depend on the specific areas of frontal lobe from which the @entity410 originate or the pathologic substrate. We reviewed the presurgical surface EEGs of @entity1 with @entity4940 who underwent @entity302 surgery. The specific area of the frontal lobe where @entity410 originated was determined by 1) intracranial ictal EEG recordings, or 2) the presence of a structural lesion, identified by imaging studies in @entity1 who achieved complete @entity410 control following surgery. We differentiated @entity1 whose @entity410 began in the dorsolateral frontal convexity from those whose @entity410 began in the medial frontal region, and we correlated EEG findings in the interictal, postictal, and ictal states with @entity410 semiology, pathologic substrate, and surgical outcome. Four of nine @entity1 had @entity410 originating in the dorsolateral frontal convexity and five had medial frontal onset @entity410 . @entity1 whose @entity410 originated from the dorsolateral convexity had focal @entity302 that localized to the region of @entity410 onset. @entity1 whose @entity410 began in the medial frontal region had either no @entity302 or had multifocal @entity302 . @entity1 whose @entity410 began in the dorsolateral convexity showed focal electrographic @entity410 activity that was localizing. This rhythmic fast activity did not appear to be substrate-specific. @entity1 whose @entity410 onset localized to the medial frontal region did not show focal electrographic @entity410 at clinical onset. We conclude that the scalp EEG recordings of @entity4940 contain features that enable differentiation of @entity410 originating from two different regions of the frontal lobe.

title: EEG findings in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['interictal epileptiform abnormalities', 'epilepsies', 'interictal epileptiform abnormality', 'epilepsy', 'epileptiform discharges']

entities_list: @entity4940 :: ('MESH:D017034', 'Disease') :: ['frontal lobe epilepsies', 'frontal lobe epilepsy']

answer: @entity4940 :: (MESH:D017034,Disease) :: ['frontal lobe epilepsies']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity5735 ( @entity5735 ) inhibitors (gliptins) are novel oral hypoglycemic drugs which have been in clinical use for the past 7 years. The drugs are safe, weight neutral and widely prescribed. There are currently eight gliptins registered worldwide with several more in advanced stages of development. AREAS COVERED: The place of the gliptins in the treatment algorithm of @entity164 2 @entity6 is discussed as well as unique features of the individual drugs. The gliptins may possess cardiovascular protective effects and their administration may promote b-cell survival; claims currently being evaluated in clinical and preclinical studies. The global market revenues and future prospects of the gliptins are discussed and the gliptins in Phases II and III of development are reviewed. EXPERT OPINION: The gliptins are an optional second-line therapy after @entity2449 ; they are generally well tolerated with low risk of @entity4053 . The various compounds differ with respect to their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties; however, their clinical efficacy appears to be similar. The clinical differences between the various compounds stem from effects other than hypoglycemic effects, their safety and side effects profile. The currently registered compounds appear to have maximized the clinical potential of @entity5735 inhibition, and the new compounds in the companies' pipelines seem to be as effective as the ones presently in use. There are two gliptins in advanced stages of development which will be registered for once-weekly dosing, possibly increasing @entity1 adherence to therapy. Several individual gliptins are being evaluated for treatment in @entity6 subpopulations such as @entity164 1 @entity1 or adolescents.

title: Emerging gliptins for @entity164 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5735 :: ('1803', 'Gene') :: ['dipeptidyl peptidase-4', 'DPP-4']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship of intestinal permeability in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity29 ( @entity29 ) to disease activity, disease extent, and response to therapy. STUDY DESIGN: @entity1 with new and established diagnoses of @entity29 (12 @entity30 [ @entity30 ] and 18 @entity31 [ @entity31 ]) were studied. Intestinal permeability was evaluated by measuring with high-performance liquid chromatography 5-hour urinary excretion ratio of @entity11884 / @entity10547 (L/Rh). RESULTS: In 8 of 9 @entity1 with active @entity30 , the L/Rh ratio was higher than the reference range (0.006 to 0.074, n = 36). In inactive @entity30 (n = 3) the L/Rh ratio was within the reference range. In 6 of 7 @entity1 with active extensive @entity31 , the L/Rh ratio was elevated. In inactive extensive @entity31 (n = 6) the normal permeability ratio was shown. In both active @entity30 and active extensive @entity31 , the frequency of elevated intestinal permeability was significantly greater than values in both inactive forms. The permeability ratio was normal in 4 of 5 @entity1 with active left-sided @entity1960 . In 5 of 7 @entity1 (3 @entity30 , 4 @entity31 ), repeat permeability values entered the reference range after acute phase therapy. Two @entity1 with persistently elevated intestinal permeability (1 @entity30 , 1 @entity31 ) had a disease flare-up within 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Intestinal permeability is a marker of disease activity in @entity30 and extensive @entity31 . Serial permeability test may be useful in monitoring disease activity.

title: The sugar permeability test reflects disease activity in XXXX and adolescents with @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11884 :: ('MESH:D007792', 'Chemical') :: ['lactulose']

entities_list: @entity10547 :: ('CHEBI:62346', 'Chemical') :: ['L-rhamnose']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: We evaluated @entity876 , @entity984 , @entity817 and @entity3546 mutation and @entity876 , @entity8587 , @entity986 and @entity3546 expression in 31 ovarian high-grade serous @entity420 . Twenty-five (80.6%) @entity5 contained functional mutations of @entity876 ; three frameshift, four nonsense and 19 missense mutations. None of the @entity5 showed @entity984 , @entity817 or @entity3546 mutation. In all 18 @entity5 with missense mutations, >= 60% of @entity5 cells were strongly positive for @entity876 immunostaining whereas all @entity5 with frameshift or nonsense mutations were completely negative. Missense mutation was correlated with diffuse and strong imunoreaction and frameshift/nonsense mutation was correlated with completely negative immunoreaction (P = 0.000). @entity5 with wild-type @entity876 revealed a wide range of immunostaining patterns. In 27 (87.1%) and 18 (58.1%) @entity5 , >= 50% of @entity5 cells were moderate to strongly positive for @entity8587 and @entity986 , respectively. A considerable intratumoral heterogeneity for @entity986 expression was present. None of the @entity5 demonstrated nuclear @entity3546 expression. @entity876 mutations appear to be a powerful molecular marker for ovarian high-grade serous @entity420 . Using @entity876 with an appropriate interpretation criteria together with @entity8587 , @entity986 and @entity3546 , most of the high-grade serous @entity420 could be distinguished from other @entity43 .

title: Genetic alteration and immunohistochemical staining patterns of ovarian high-grade serous XXXX with special emphasis on @entity876 immnnostaining pattern.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intravenous @entity2643 has increasingly been used to control life-threatening @entity943 . In addition to its four antiarrhythmic properties, @entity2643 may have complex effects on intracellular @entity141 stores and myocyte contractility. METHODS AND RESULTS: Contraction amplitude was recorded for cardiac ventricular myocytes isolated from neonatal and adult @entity95 . Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) @entity141 stores were loaded to steady-state levels by a train of eight electric field stimulations. The SR @entity141 load was quantified by recording the contraction amplitude resulting from the complete depletion of SR @entity141 stores by exposing the cell to a 1-second pulse of 10 mmol/L @entity5834 . After the cells were exposed to 1   mol/L @entity2643 for 10 minutes, electrically stimulated contraction amplitudes significantly decreased in both adult and neonatal cells. @entity5834 -induced cell contraction amplitudes were not affected by @entity2643 in adult ventricular myocytes. By contrast, @entity2643 markedly inhibited @entity5834 -induced contractions in neonatal ventricular myocytes. The inhibitory effect of @entity2643 on the @entity5834 -induced contractions was not replicated by @entity141 channel blockade with diltiazem. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2643 markedly inhibits @entity5834 -induced contraction in neonatal myocytes but has no significant effect on adult myocytes. @entity141 influx through @entity2643 -sensitive @entity141 channels may play a primary role in maintaining SR @entity141 stores in neonatal heart.

title: Age-Dependent Changes in the Effects of @entity2643 on XXXX Cardiac Myocyte Contractions.

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone', 'Amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine', 'Caffeine']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial and ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['Rabbit']


abstract: Endoscopic evaluation after chemoradiotherapy (CR) is impossible with an esophageal stent in place. The main study objective was to evaluate @entity545 ( @entity545 ) removal post-CR. Secondary end-points were the improvement of @entity1282 and @entity1 ' quality of life. From October 2008 to March 2011, 20 dysphagic @entity1 who suffered from advanced @entity418 were enrolled in a multicenter, prospective study. @entity545 was inserted prior to CR and then removed endoscopically. @entity545 efficiency ( @entity1282 score) and tolerance, as well as the @entity1 ' quality of life (European Organization for the Research and Treatment of @entity5 Quality of Life Questionnaire validated for the esophagus), were monitored. Continuous variables were compared using a paired t-test analysis for matched data. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Twenty @entity1 (15 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 ), aged 61.5 years (  9.88) (range 43-82 years), with @entity420 (n = 12) and @entity957 (n = 8), were enrolled. @entity545 were successfully inserted in all @entity1 (100%). There was one perforation and three episodes of @entity4222 . All of these complications were medically treated. The mean @entity1282 score at the time of stent placement was 2.79 (0.6). Mean @entity1282 scores obtained on day 1 and day 30 post- @entity545 placement were 0.7 (0.9) (P < 0.0001) and 0.45 (0.8) (P < 0.0001), respectively. Quality of Life Questionnaire validated for the esophagus score showed an improvement in @entity1282 (P = 0.01) and quality of oral feeding (P = 0.003). All @entity545 were removed endoscopically without complications. In two @entity1 , the stent was left in place due to @entity3 . @entity545 are extractable after CR of @entity418 . Early stenting by @entity545 prior to and during CR may reduce @entity1282 and improve quality of oral alimentation.

title: Self-expanding plastic stent removed after radiochemotherapy for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ['SEPS', 'self-expanding plastic stent']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: The serum expression of a novel @entity5 marker, CA 242, defined by monoclonal antibody C 242, was studied in 179 @entity1 with @entity788 . The results were compared with CA 19-9, CA 50 and @entity787 . CA 242 is a @entity1735 closely related, but not identical, to CA 19-9 and CA 50. The overall sensitivity of the CA 242 assay was 74%: 55% in stage I, 83% in stage II-III and 78% in stage IV disease. The specificity calculated from 112 @entity1 with benign diseases was 91%. CA 19-9 had a higher sensitivity of 83%, but the specificity was only 81%. When comparing the markers by receiver operating characteristic analysis, the sensitivities were almost identical at all specificity levels. The CA 242 level was elevated in 7%, 15% and 7% of @entity1 with benign pancreatic, biliary and @entity409 respectively. The corresponding figures for CA 19-9 were 19%, 28% and 15% respectively. The sensitivity of CA 242 was higher than that of CA 50 and @entity787 at all specificity levels. In conclusion, @entity5 marker CA 242 seems to be a useful diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of @entity788 , and is an alternative to CA 19-9. The advantage of CA 242 over CA 19-9 is its higher specificity when using the recommended cut-off levels of the assays.

title: CA 242, a new @entity5 marker for @entity788 : a comparison with CA 19-9, CA 50 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity787 :: (1084,Gene) :: ['CEA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to carry-out a prospective study of newborns with @entity6923 admitted to our Neonatology Unit in a teritiary hospital during the period of March 1994-September 1997. @entity1 AND METHODS: To be included in the study the @entity1 had to have Candida sp recovered from a normally sterile body fluid and clinical signs of @entity295 . We analyzed perinatal and neonatal antecedents, risk factors, clinical course, diagnosis, treatment and outcome. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity6923 was 0.62% (14 newborns). Two were term @entity1 and 12 preterm @entity1 , 9 of which weighed less than 1500 g. All of the @entity1 had as predisposing factors the use of broad spectrum antibiotics, prolonged intravascular catheterization and parenteral nutrition, while 64% had mechanical ventilation. The mean age at onset of @entity295 was 22 days, with non-specific clinical presentation. Four @entity1 were treated with intravenous @entity2379 and 9 with liposomal @entity2379 in association with @entity2380 in one @entity1 and with @entity4895 and @entity2380 in another. No adverse effects were observed. Mortality was 21%. @entity7409 was isolated in 7 cases and @entity5132 in another 7 @entity1 , with an important increase in @entity7409 in the last few years. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical suspicion of @entity3 requires the removal of indwelling catheters and early initiation of systemic ungal therapy to reduce mortality. The increased incidence of species with more @entity3082 presentation like @entity7409 reinforce the importance of control measures such as handwashing for all personnel and aseptic management of intravascular catheters and solutions in order to prevent @entity281 .

title: [Prospective study of Candida-related XXXX in the neonate].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['systemic candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['flucytosine']

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['C. parapsilosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive candidiasis']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: During postnatal development, submandibular glands of @entity35 produce the secretory protein, @entity27391 ( @entity27391 ), which belongs to family 2 of the @entity1 @entity462 proteinase inhibitor superfamily. While the @entity35 @entity27391 gene is not expressed in the salivary glands of adult @entity35 , it can be induced by @entity3044 ( @entity4856 ), which acts via beta-adrenergic receptor/adenylate cyclase/ @entity1919 ( @entity268 ) mechanisms. In addition, IPR-induction of @entity27391 mRNA in submandibular glands is more pronounced in females than in males, at both prepuberal and mature ages. These results suggest that sex hormones may participate in the regulation of the @entity35 @entity27391 gene via @entity172 -responsive elements (ERE), and IPR induction of this gene supports the hypothesis that @entity268 -responsive elements (CRE) may also play a role in regulating @entity27391 gene expression. We have isolated, sequenced and characterized the complete gene. The @entity27391 gene contains three exons interrupted by two intervening sequences, with consensus splice junctions. The transcription start point is 73 @entity2036 upstream from the start codon which is surrounded by a typical Kozak sequence. CCAAT and TATA boxes are present in the 5'-flanking region of the @entity27391 gene. This region also contains several possible regulatory elements that resemble those of other eukaryotic genes, i.e., ERE, CRE, and glucocorticoid-responsive elements. The first intron sequence contains other potential CRE highly homologous to those found in the IPR-inducible @entity19 and hamster @entity1521 -rich-protein-encoding genes.

title: Structure, organization and regulation of a @entity35 XXXX proteinase inhibitor-encoding gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity462 :: (MESH:D003545,Chemical) :: ['cysteine']


abstract: The syndrome of resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) is characterized by decreased tissue responsiveness to thyroid hormones. Inheritance is usually autosomal dominant due to mutations in the ligand-binding domain or adjacent hinge region of the @entity45259 ( @entity45259 ) gene. Six of 65 families with the RTH phenotype studied in our laboratory had normal TRbeta1 and TRbeta2 gene sequences. Their clinical characteristics were not different from those of subjects with @entity45259 gene mutations. Four of the 6 families were amenable to linkage analysis, and @entity9752 involvement was excluded. Candidate genes were then evaluated for their possible involvement in the RTH phenotype in these 4 families: 2 coactivators [ @entity42865 ( @entity42865 ) and @entity42867 ( @entity42867 )], 2 corepressors ( @entity39062 and @entity45260 ), and a coregulator (RXRgamma). DNA was obtained from 8 affected subjects and 41 of 45 living first degree relatives. In 2 of the 4 families, the mode of inheritance could be determined by pedigree analysis and was found to be autosomal dominant. Linkage analyses were performed using polymorphic markers near or within the 5 candidate genes. When analyses were not informative or linkage could not be excluded, direct sequencing of the genes in question was performed. Involvement of @entity42865 was excluded in all four families assuming autosomal dominant inheritance. Roles for @entity39062 , @entity45260 , and @entity42867 were excluded in three and a role for RXRgamma was excluded in two of the four families. However, if the two families without proven dominant mode of inheritance were compound heterozygous, only the involvement of @entity42865 could be excluded in both. Roles for @entity39062 , @entity45260 , and RXRgamma were excluded in one of these two families. Thus, @entity42865 and RXRgamma genes were not found to be the cause of RTH in subjects without TR gene mutations even though the absence of @entity42865 and RXRgamma is the cause of RTH in @entity19 . Involvement of other candidate genes in the mediation of thyroid hormone action as well as intracellular hormone transport needs to be explored in these families with non- @entity45259 , @entity9752 RTH.

title: Search for abnormalities of nuclear corepressors, coactivators, and a coregulator in families with resistance to thyroid hormone without mutations in XXXX or alpha genes.

entities_list: @entity45259 :: ('21834(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TRbeta', 'thyroid hormone receptor beta']

answer: @entity45259 :: (21834(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['thyroid hormone receptor beta']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity1 with recurrent diseases have a very poor prognosis, appropriate pretreatment classification for management of recurrent @entity418 has yet to be identified. The patterns of recurrence following radial esophagectomy were retrospectively assessed, and evaluated for possible adaptation as a novel classification of recurrent @entity418 . @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred and sixty thoracic @entity418 @entity1 (142 @entity1 ; 18 @entity1 ), who underwent radical esophagectomy without preoperative treatment, were studied. RESULTS: Recurrence occurred in 59 (36.8%) @entity1 . The relationship between recurrence and clinicopathological features revealed significant associations between recurrence and age at surgery (p<0.05), @entity5 (p<0.0001), lymph node (p<0.0001) and metastatic status (p<0.01), pathological stage (p<0.0001) and lymph node dissection (p<0.0001). Locoregional recurrence occurred in 13 (22%) @entity1 , distant in 30 (51%) and mixed in 16 (27%). Mixed recurrence occurred the fastest and showed the poorest prognosis. A novel classification for recurrent @entity418 was proposed based on the clinical findings. Univariate analysis of the prognostic factors for post-recurrent survival revealed a significant association with distant organ recurrence (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Mixed recurrence had a poorer outcome than other recurrences. The proposed classification of clinical findings for recurrent @entity418 was shown to be useful; however, further studies with a larger number of recurrent @entity418 are required for stage grouping of the proposed classification.

title: Classification of recurrent XXXX after radical esophagectomy with two- or three-field lymphadenectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'esophageal cancers']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: @entity4990 ( @entity4991 ), the simplest of all phospholipids, exhibits @entity177 in multiple cell lineages. The effects of @entity4991 appear to be mediated by binding of @entity4991 to specific members of the endothelial differentiation gene (Edg) family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). @entity25068 , @entity42659 , and @entity45232 are high affinity receptors for @entity4991 , and @entity6975 may be a low affinity receptor for @entity4991 . @entity49757 has been shown to be responsive to @entity4991 in @entity1238 oocytes, however, its role in @entity1 cells is unclear. The specific biochemical events initiated by the different Edg receptors, as well as the biological outcomes of activation of the individual receptors, are only beginning to be determined. @entity4991 levels are consistently elevated in the plasma and ascites of @entity43 @entity1 , but not in most other @entity5 , with the exception of cervix and endometrium, suggesting that @entity4991 may be of particular importance in the pathophysiology of @entity43 . In support of this concept, @entity43 cells constitutively and inducibly produce high levels of @entity4991 and demonstrate markedly different responses to @entity4991 than normal ovarian surface epithelium. @entity42659 and @entity45232 levels are consistently increased in malignant ovarian epithelial cells contributing to the aberrant response of @entity43 cells to @entity4991 . @entity25068 may represent a negative regulatory @entity4991 receptor inducing apoptosis in @entity43 cells. Thus, increased levels of @entity4991 , altered receptor expression and altered responses to @entity4991 may contribute to the initiation, progression or outcome of @entity43 . Over 40% of known drugs target GPCR, making @entity4991 receptors attractive targets for molecular therapeutics. Indeed, using the structure-function relationship of @entity4991 in model systems, we have identified selective @entity25068 anatgonists, as well as @entity42659 and @entity45232 agonists. These lead compounds are being assessed in preclinical model systems. Understanding the mechanisms regulating @entity4991 production, metabolism and function could lead to improved methods for early detection and to new targets for therapy in @entity43 .

title: Critical role of lysophospholipids in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity4990 :: ('MESH:C032881', 'Chemical') :: ['Lysophosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['pleiomorphic functions']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to compare the hemodynamic efficacy of nonsurgical septal reduction therapy (NSRT) by intracoronary @entity1068 with standard therapy (surgical myectomy) for the treatment of @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ). BACKGROUND: Nonsurgical septal reduction therapy has gained interest as a new treatment modality for @entity1 with drug-refractory symptoms of @entity1121 ; however, its benefits in comparison to surgery are unknown. METHODS: Forty-one consecutive NSRT @entity1 at Baylor College of Medicine with one-year follow-up were compared with age- and gradient-matched septal myectomy @entity1 at the Mayo Clinic. All @entity1 had @entity3585 with a resting gradient > or =40 mm Hg and none had concomitant procedures. RESULTS: There were no baseline differences in New York Heart Association class, severity of @entity339 , use of cardiac medications or exercise capacity. One @entity204 occurred during NSRT because of dissection of the left anterior descending artery. At one year, all improvements in both groups were similar. After surgical myectomy, more @entity1 were on medications (p < 0.05) and there was a higher incidence of mild @entity337 (p < 0.05). After NSRT, the incidence of pacemaker implantation for @entity616 was higher (22% vs. 2% in surgery; p = 0.02). However, seven of the nine pacemakers in the NSRT group were implanted before a modified @entity1068 injection technique and the use of contrast echocardiography. CONCLUSIONS: Nonsurgical septal reduction therapy resulted in a significantly higher incidence of @entity616 , but the risk was reduced with contrast echocardiography and slow @entity1068 injection. @entity954 resulted in a significantly higher incidence of mild @entity337 . Nonsurgical septal reduction therapy, guided by contrast echocardiography, is an effective procedure for treating @entity1 with @entity1121 . The hemodynamic and functional improvements at one year are similar to those of surgical myectomy.

title: Comparison of XXXX septal reduction therapy with surgical myectomy for the treatment of @entity1121 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular outflow obstruction']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical myectomy']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HOCM', 'hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['complete heart block']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: OBJECT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pre- and postoperative rehemorrhage risk, neurological function outcome, and prognostic factors of surgically treated brainstem cavernous @entity600 (CMs) with long-term follow-up. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective review of the clinical data from 242 @entity1 with brainstem CMs that were surgically treated between 1999 and 2010. @entity1 charts, imaging findings, and outcomes were examined. RESULTS: The study included 242 @entity1 , with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3 and mean age of 32.6 years. The mean modified Rankin Scale scores on admission, at discharge, at 3 and 6 months after surgery, and at recent evaluation were 2.2, 2.6, 2.3, 1.8, and 1.5, respectively. The preoperative calculated @entity548 and rehemorrhage rates were 5.0% and 60.9%, respectively. The complete resection rate was 95%. Surgical morbidity occurred in 112 @entity1 (46.3%). Eighty-five @entity1 (35.1%) demonstrated worsened condition immediately after surgery; 34 (41.0%) and 51 (61.4%) of these @entity1 recovered to their baseline level within 3 and 6 months after surgery, respectively. At a mean follow-up of 89.4 months, the @entity1 ' condition had improved in 147 cases (60.7%), was unchanged in 70 cases (28.9%), and had worsened in 25 cases (10.3%). A total of 8 @entity548 occurred in 6 @entity1 , and the postoperative @entity548 rate was 0.4%. Permanent morbidity remained in 65 @entity1 (26.9%). The adverse factors for preoperative rehemorrhage were age >=  50 years, size >=  2 cm, and perilesional @entity4 . The risk factors for @entity86 were @entity600 and incomplete resection. The independent adverse factors for long-term outcome were increased age, multiple @entity548 , @entity75 , and poor preoperative status. Favorable, complete improvement in the @entity86 over time was correlated with good preoperative neurological function and continuing improvement thereafter. CONCLUSIONS: Favorable long-term outcomes and significantly low postoperative @entity548 rates were achieved via surgery. Total resection should be attempted with an aim of minimal @entity16 ; however, @entity86 can improve during the postoperative course. Close follow-up with radiological examination is proposed for @entity1 with adverse factors predictive of rehemorrhage.

title: XXXX risk, surgical management, and functional outcome of brainstem cavernous @entity600 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages', 'annual hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ventral-seated lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['injury to neurological function']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'developmental venous anomaly']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hemorrhage', 'postoperative deficits']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Hemorrhage']


abstract: The @entity460 transients which are associated with spreading @entity308 (SD) do not lead to @entity528 , even if the SDs are repeated over hours. We have previously shown that a restriction of energy production by moderate @entity4053 prolongs the @entity460 transients during SD. In the present experiments, we explored whether such prolonged transients lead to @entity528 . To that end, SDs were elicited for 2 h by topical application of @entity4338 in anesthetized @entity35 at plasma @entity413 concentrations of 6, 3, and 2 mM. The animals were then allowed to recover, and they were studied histopathologically after 7 days. In two other groups, @entity772 of 5 min duration (defined in terms of the d.c. potential shift) was induced either without or with a preceding train of SDs. These animals were also evaluated with respect to histopathological alterations. SDs elicited for 2 h did not give rise to @entity528 when elicited at plasma @entity413 concentration of 6 mM, and, of the animals maintained at 3 and 2 mM, only a few animals showed (mild) damage. In general, therefore, repeated SDs with @entity460 transients of normal or increased duration fail to induce @entity528 . The results suggest that, if @entity460 transients are responsible for a gradual extension of the @entity1188 into the penumbra zone of a focal @entity2806 some additional pathophysiological factors must be present, such as overt energy failure, @entity520 , or microvascular damage. A @entity4053 -induced @entity460 transient of 5 min duration gave no or only moderate @entity528 . However, if a series of @entity214 were elicited in the precoma period, the damage was exaggerated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The influence of repeated spreading @entity308 -induced XXXX transients on neuronal viability in moderately hypoglycemic @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesion']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemic coma']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal necrosis', 'neuronal damage']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: @entity1252 is an @entity792 characterized by autoantibodies and systemic clinical manifestations. A peptide, designated @entity7958 , based on the @entity40362 of an autoantibody, ameliorated the serological and clinical manifestations of @entity1252 in both spontaneous and induced @entity19 models of @entity1252 . The objectives of the present study were to determine the mechanism(s) underlying the beneficial effects induced by @entity7958 . Adoptive transfer of @entity7958 -treated cells to @entity1252 (NZBxNZW)F1 female @entity19 down-regulated all disease manifestations. @entity7958 treatment up-regulated (by 30-40%) @entity1961 + @entity3783 + cells in association with CD45RBlow, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4, and @entity3744 expression. Depletion of the @entity3783 + cells diminished significantly the therapeutic effects of @entity7958 , whereas administration of the enriched @entity1961 + @entity3783 + cell population was beneficial to the diseased @entity19 . Amelioration of disease manifestations was associated with down-regulation of the pathogenic cytokines (e.g., @entity60 and @entity1618 ) and up-regulation of the immunosuppressive cytokine @entity641 , which substantially contributed to the suppressed autoreactivity. @entity641 was secreted by @entity1961 + cells that were affected by @entity7958 -induced immunoregulatory cells. The @entity7958 -induced @entity1961 + @entity3783 + cells suppressed autoreactive @entity1961 + cells, resulting in reduced rates of activation-induced apoptosis. Thus, @entity7958 ameliorates @entity1252 through the induction of @entity1961 + @entity3783 + cells that suppress activation of the autoreactive cells and trigger the up-regulation of @entity641 .

title: A peptide based on the complementarity-determining region 1 of an autoantibody ameliorates XXXX by up-regulating @entity1961 + @entity3783 + cells and @entity641 .

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus-afflicted', 'Systemic lupus erythematosus', 'lupus']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity40362 :: ('631990(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['complementarity-determining region (CDR) 1']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['lupus']


abstract: The authors report two cases of @entity612 ( @entity612 ) and @entity602 . One is extremely unusual because of degenerative changes occurred in the upper thoracic spine. The other because of its multiple etiology among which @entity730 and ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) in a Caucasian @entity1 . Both @entity1 presented with an history of slowly progressive @entity3500 . In the first case computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance (MR) images revealed @entity1184 of the legamentum flavum and laminae causing compression of the spinal cord at T2-T3. In the second case diagnostic imaging showed three levels of @entity850 in the lower thoracic spine due to degenerative changes, @entity730 and OLF with cord damage at T9-T10. A decompressive laminectomy and medial facetectomy was performed in both @entity1 . The ligamentum flavum, @entity1184 and infolded in the first case and calcified and ossified in the second, was removed with careful dissection of the dural adhesions. Both @entity1 showed a rapid post-operative recovery and regained autonomous walking within 1 month of surgery. Thoracic @entity602 is a rare and complex disorder because of differential diagnosis, neuroimaging features and treatment options. Regardless of its cause, prompt surgical decompression plays a key role in improving the functional outcome of @entity602 .

title: XXXX and @entity602 : report of two rare cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic spinal canal stenosis', 'SCS']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'hypertrophied']

entities_list: @entity3500 :: ('MESH:D020336', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy', 'spinal cord stenosis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity612 :: (MESH:D013130,Disease) :: ['Thoracic spinal stenosis']


abstract: Pure laparoscopic hepatectomy is a less invasive procedure than conventional open hepatectomy for the resection of @entity99 . Increases in experiences with the technique, in combination with advances in technology, have promoted the popularity of pure laparoscopic hepatectomy. However, indications for usage and potential contraindications of the procedure remain unresolved. The characteristics and specific advantages of the procedure, especially for @entity157 ( @entity157 ) @entity1 with chronic @entity409 , are reviewed and discussed in this paper. For cirrhotic @entity1 with @entity96 , pure laparoscopic hepatectomy minimizes destruction of the collateral blood and lymphatic flow from laparotomy and mobilization, and mesenchymal injury from compression. Therefore, pure laparoscopic hepatectomy has the specific advantage of minimal postoperative ascites production that leads to lowering the risk of disturbance in water or electrolyte balance and @entity9427 . It minimizes complications that routinely trigger postoperative serious @entity1578 . Under adequate @entity1 positioning and port arrangement, the partial resection of the liver in the area of subphrenic space, peri-inferior vena cava area or next to the attachment of retro-peritoneum is facilitated in pure laparoscopic surgery by providing good vision and manipulation in the small operative field. Furthermore, the features of reduced post-operative adhesion, good vision, and manipulation within the small area between the adhesions make this procedure safer in the context of repeat hepatectomy procedures. These improved features are especially advantageous for @entity1 with @entity1575 and multicentric and/or metachronous HCCs.

title: Pure laparoscopic hepatectomy for @entity157 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity9427 :: ('MESH:D007019', 'Disease') :: ['hypoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic lesions']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['chronic liver disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity716 , the prime indicator of outcome has been relapse, but hospital readmission can no longer be used for this purpose. Researchers now require methods for assessing relapse that are objective, blind, reliable and valid. We describe the reliability and validity of such a technique using case-notes. METHOD: Information from routine clinical notes of @entity1 in the Lambeth Early Onset (LEO) study (less all references that would unblind the assessor) were recorded on a form divided into 1-month sections. Operational definitions of remission and relapse enabled clinicians to identify remissions and relapses blindly from the summary information. We calculated reliability regarding both the fact and the timing of remission and relapse. PANSS ratings at 6 and 18 months provided a measure of validity. RESULTS: The kappa value for the identification of remission by individuals ranged from 0.64 to 0.82, while that for consensus between paired raters was 0.56. The corresponding values for relapse were 0.57-0.59 and 0.71. Intra-class correlations for time to remission and to relapse were very high. Raters guessed correctly whether the @entity1 came from the intervention or control group on 60-75% of occasions. Independent PANSS ratings were strongly related to the remission/relapse status of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The reliability of the technique described here was moderate to good, its validity was good, and it provides a useful and timely addition to methods of evaluating remission and relapse in @entity716 . On the basis of our experience, we recommend consensus rather than individual ratings.

title: Remission and relapse in XXXX : operational definitions based on case-note data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: AIMS: Although pelvic radiotherapy is an effective treatment for various @entity5 , around half of @entity1 develop significant @entity344 . These symptoms often remain undetected, despite the existence of effective treatments. This study developed and refined a simple screening tool to detect common @entity344 in outpatient clinics. These symptoms have a significant effect on quality of life. This tool will increase detection rates and so enable access to specialist gastroenterologists, which will in turn lead to improved symptom control and quality of life after treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review and expert consensus meeting identified four items for the ALERT-B (Assessment of Late Effects of RadioTherapy - Bowel) screening tool. ALERT-B was face tested for its usability and acceptability using cognitive interviews with 12 @entity1 experiencing late @entity344 after pelvic radiotherapy. Thematic analysis and probe category were used to analyse interview transcripts. Interview data were presented to a group of experts to agree on the final content and format of the tool. ALERT-B was assessed for reliability and tested for validity against the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale in a clinical study (EAGLE). RESULTS: Overall, the tool was found to be acceptable in terms of wording, response format and completion time. @entity1 -reported experiences, including lifestyle modifications and the psychological effect of the symptoms, led to further modifications of the tool. The refined tool includes three questions covering @entity548 , @entity322 , @entity717 and impact on quality of life, including mood, relationships and socialising. ALERT-B was successfully validated against the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale in the EAGLE study with the tool shown broadly to be internally consistent (Cronbach's a  =  0.61 and all item-subscale correlation [Spearman] coefficients are  >  0.6). CONCLUSION: The ALERT-B screening tool can be used in clinical practice to improve post-treatment supportive care by triggering the clinical assessment of @entity1 suitable for referral to a gastroenterologist.

title: The Three-item ALERT-B Questionnaire Provides a Validated Screening Tool to Detect Chronic Gastrointestinal Symptoms after Pelvic Radiotherapy in XXXX Survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participant']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms', 'gastrointestinal problems']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal bowel movements']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Many individuals with @entity6 experience @entity9 , often without objective signs of large-fiber @entity16 . We examined intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENFs) to evaluate the role of small nerve fibers in the genesis of @entity9 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Twenty-five @entity6 subjects with @entity9 and 13 without were studied. The @entity158 was present for at least 6 months for which no other cause could be found. Punch skin biopsies were obtained from the distal leg. IENFs were stained using antibody to protein gene product 9.5 and counted with confocal microscopy. @entity16 was graded by vibration perception and cold detection thresholds and the Michigan @entity16 Screening Instrument. RESULTS: In the total cohort, IENF density was significantly lower in those with @entity158 compared with those without (3 [1-6] vs. 10 [3-19], respectively, P = 0.02). There were significant inverse correlations between IENF and severity of @entity16 , with the @entity158 group having a flatter gradient than their @entity158 -free counterparts (P < 0.02). The difference in IENF density was greatest in subjects with less objective evidence of @entity16 (P < or = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: More severe loss of IENF is associated with the presence of @entity9 only in those with little or no objective sign of @entity16 . Thus, loss of IENF cannot explain @entity158 in all cases, suggesting that different mechanisms underpin the genesis of @entity158 at various stages of @entity16 .

title: The relationship among XXXX , sensory loss, and small nerve fibers in @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathy', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: No empirical studies on the @entity4987 proposed disruptive @entity1316 have yet been published. This study estimated prevalence, comorbidity, and correlates of this proposed disorder in the community. METHOD: Prevalence rates were estimated using data from three community studies involving 7,881 observations of 3,258 @entity1 from 2 to 17 years old. @entity1316 was diagnosed using structured @entity146 interviews. RESULTS: Three-month prevalence rates for meeting criteria for disruptive @entity1316 ranged from 0.8% to 3.3%, with the highest rate in preschoolers. Rates dropped slightly with the strict application of the exclusion criterion, but they were largely unaffected by the application of onset and duration criteria. @entity1316 co-occurred with all common @entity146 . The highest levels of co-occurrence were with @entity308 (odds ratios between 9.9 and 23.5) and @entity952 (odds ratios between 52.9 and 103.0). @entity1316 occurred with another disorder 62%-92% of the time, and it occurred with both an emotional and a @entity146 32%-68% of the time. Affected @entity1 displayed elevated @entity73 , school suspension, service use, and poverty. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1316 is relatively uncommon after early childhood, frequently co-occurs with other @entity146 , and meets common standards for @entity146 "caseness." This disorder identifies @entity1 with severe levels of both @entity146 .

title: Prevalence, comorbidity, and correlates of @entity4987 proposed disruptive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'behavioral disorder', 'psychiatric disorders', 'emotional and behavioral dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['rates of social impairments']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['Disruptive mood dysregulation', 'mood dysregulation disorder', 'Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['oppositional defiant disorder']

answer: @entity1316 :: (MESH:D019964,Disease) :: ['mood dysregulation disorder']


abstract: In the present study we evaluated the allergenicity and immunogenicity of a whey @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ) in a @entity840 model. Nine groups of 10 @entity840 received either a @entity1267 ( @entity1267 ) or @entity1625 for 37 days. After intravenous (i.v.) challenge with either @entity5357 ( @entity5357 ) or ultracentrifuged (u) @entity1267 , animals fed @entity1267 showed, respectively, 80% and 100% fatal reactions, whereas animals fed @entity1625 showed no reactions when i.v. challenged both with @entity5357 and uPHF. Eighty percent fatal reactions, and 10%, respectively, of severe and mild reactions have been observed in the @entity1267 -fed, casein-challenge group. In contrast, only one (10%) mild reaction occurred in the @entity1625 -fed, casein-challenged group. When challenged with u-pasteurized @entity291 's milk (uPCM), @entity1267 -fed animals showed 86% fatal reactions and 14% mild reactions, whereas @entity1625 -fed ones presented 70% no reactions, 20% mild reactions, and one (10%) fatal reaction. Animals fed @entity1267 showed a significantly higher level of specific IgG against @entity291 's milk antigens than @entity1625 -fed ones, which, however, presented higher levels of antibodies than a water-supplemented control group. The present results confirm that @entity1625 is less sensitizing than @entity1267 in a @entity840 model.

title: Ability of a new infant formula prepared from partially hydrolyzed @entity291 whey to induce anaphylactic sensitization: evaluation in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['PHF', 'partially hydrolysate formula']

entities_list: @entity1267 :: ('MESH:D010319', 'Disease') :: ['conventional milk formula', 'CMF']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity5357 :: ('MESH:D012497', 'Disease') :: ['beta-lactoglobulin', 'beta-L']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to report our single-institution experience with concurrent adjuvant intravaginal radiation (IVRT) and @entity3003 / @entity1311 chemotherapy for early stage uterine @entity1377 (UPSC). METHODS: From 10/2000 to 12/2009, 41 @entity1 with stage I-II UPSC underwent surgery followed by IVRT (median dose of 21 Gy in 3 fractions) and concurrent @entity3003 (AUC=5-6) and @entity1311 (175 mg/m(2)) for six planned cycles. IVRT was administered on non-chemotherapy weeks. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival, and the log-rank test was used for comparisons. RESULTS: Median @entity1 age was 67 years (51-80 years). Surgery included hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, peritoneal washings, omental biopsy, and pelvic and paraaortic lymph node sampling. FIGO 2009 stage was IA in 73%, IB in 10%, and II in 17%. Histology was pure serous in 71% of cases. Thirty-five @entity1 (85%) completed all planned treatment. With a median follow-up time of 58 months, the 5-year disease-free (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rates were 85% (95%CI, 73-96%) and 90% (95%CI, 80-100%). The 5-year pelvic, para-aortic, and distant recurrence rates were 9%, 5%, and 10%, respectively. There were no vaginal recurrences. Of the 4 pelvic recurrences, 2 were isolated and were successfully salvaged. @entity1 with @entity34 had lower DFS (71% vs. 88%; p=0.017) and @entity1349 (71% vs. 93%; p=0.001) than @entity1 with stage I disease. CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent adjuvant @entity3003 / @entity1311 chemotherapy and IVRT provide excellent outcomes for early stage UPSC. Whether this regimen is superior to pelvic radiation will require confirmation from the ongoing randomized trial.

title: Five-year outcomes of adjuvant @entity3003 / XXXX chemotherapy and intravaginal radiation for stage I-II papillary serous endometrial cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary serous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: Autologous stem cell transplantation using marrow or peripheral blood is routinely used to consolidate @entity1 with @entity3052 in complete remission. The situation is less clear for adult @entity981 in which results achieved with all strategies are disappointing. In @entity3052 , autografts should be done in @entity1 with good and standard risk factors. @entity1 with high-risk @entity3052 defined by poor cytogenetics or failure to achieve remission with the first induction course, should proceed to allogeneic stem cell transplantation with the best available human leukocyte antigen-identical donor (family or unrelated), and the nature of the conditioning regimen (myelo-ablative or non-myelo-ablative) should be decided in relation to age, and the @entity1 's clinical condition. Results of autografting in @entity3052 rely strongly on the quality of the graft. Higher doses of infused stem cells translate into lower relapse rates. @entity236 with @entity786 derivatives also diminishes the relapse incidence. Autologous stem cell transplantations using peripheral blood are presently preferred to marrow as the source of stem cells, but an @entity146 prior in vivo purge (high-dose consolidation course(s) before cytaphereses) is then mandatory. In good-risk @entity3052 , autografting is superior to high-dose @entity2592 ; in standard-risk @entity3052 , both are supposedly equivalent. There is no prospective randomized study testing the two approaches in the good-standard-risk population. We presently test the combination of marrow and blood both purged by @entity7770 . In adult @entity981 , good-risk @entity1 get the best benefit from autografting over conventional chemotherapy. Maintenance chemotherapy after transplant is likely to bring benefit. Research in progress aims at facilitating access of the largest number of @entity1 to autografting and at introducing posttransplant immunomodulation maneuvers such as @entity5 vaccination.

title: Autologous stem cell transplantation for adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['Marrow purging']

entities_list: @entity7770 :: ('MESH:C048341', 'Chemical') :: ['mafosfamide']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This article reports the results of a multicenter prospective audit of totally extraperitoneal (TEP) @entity169 conducted by the Swiss Association for Laparoscopic and Thoracoscopic Surgery (SALTC) from May 1995 to August 1996. METHODS: At 29 Swiss centers 1,605 @entity169 repairs were performed in 1,186 @entity1 . Half of the repairs were performed by operators whose experience consisted of fewer than 51 procedures. @entity1 were followed up for 1 year. RESULTS: Bilateral repairs were performed in 35% of the @entity1 , and 15% of all repairs were for recurrent @entity547 . Conversion rates to the transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) technique and open surgery were 1.8% and 1.6%, respectively. @entity260 were @entity1410 and urinary retention. At 3 months, seroma was more frequent with slit prosthesis. The recurrence rate was 0.6% at 3 months and 1.6% at 1 year, not depending on the type of implant. The rate for recurrent hernias did not differ from that for primary repairs. CONCLUSIONS: Total extraperitoneal (TEP) repair can be performed with low morbidity and a high level of @entity1 satisfaction. The effects of the learning curve are not to be neglected. The 1-year recurrence rate is 1.6%. Published data on TEP suggest that late recurrences may be less frequent than after open repair.

title: Prospective audit of laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal XXXX : a multicenter study of the Swiss Association for Laparoscopic and Thoracoscopic Surgery (SALTC).

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Main postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair', 'inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity526 , the main bacteria found in recurrent @entity293 ( @entity293 ), is now frequently resistant to several currently used antibiotic treatments making new solutions essential. In this study, we evaluated the association propolis and @entity16377 type A to reduce bacterial anti-adhesion activity of @entity526 on urothelial cells. RESULTS: This first double-blind, randomized, cross-over @entity1 trial included 5 volunteers that followed 6 different regimens with or without variable doses of cranberry and propolis with a washout period of at least 1 week between each regimen. Urine samples were collected at 0 h, 4-6 h, 12 h and 24 h after cranberry plus propolis or placebo capsule consumption. In vivo urinary bacterial anti-adhesion activity was assessed with a bioassay (a @entity1 @entity1 epithelial cell-line assay) and an in vivo @entity2199 model. @entity2461 was used to detect propolis and cranberry compounds in urine. Bioassays indicated significant bacterial anti-adhesion activity in urine collected from volunteers who had consumed cranberry plus propolis powder compared to placebo (p < 0.001). This inhibition was clearly dose-dependent, increasing with the amount of PACs and propolis equivalents consumed in each regimen. Results suggested that propolis had an additional effect with PACs and prevent a bacterial anti-adhesion effect over 1 day. An in vivo model showed that the @entity526 presented a reduced ability to kill @entity2199 after their growth in urine samples of @entity1 who took cranberry plus propolis capsules. HPLC confirmed that propolis is excreted in urine. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents an alternative to prevent recurrent @entity293 . Administration of PACs plus propolis once daily offers some protection against bacterial adhesion, bacterial multiplication and virulence in the urinary tract, representing an interesting new strategy to prevent recurrent @entity293 .

title: Propolis can potentialise the anti-adhesion activity of @entity16377 on uropathogenic XXXX in the prevention of recurrent @entity293 .

entities_list: @entity16377 :: ('MESH:D044945', 'Chemical') :: ['proanthocyanidins']

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['C. elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'UTI']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli', 'E. coli strain']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Exercise leads to simultaneous increases in mediators signaling apparently antagonistic functional responses such as growth factors and inflammatory mediators. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the physiological effect of @entity650 on circulating components of the growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor-I ( @entity442 ) axis. Twelve @entity1 (ages 26 +/- 2 yr) were divided into two groups (n = 6 in each group), receiving either albumin or recombinant @entity1 (rh) @entity650 infusion. @entity650 was infused via an antecubital vein, and a contralateral antecubital vein was used for blood sampling. The @entity650 dose was chosen to reach plasma levels of @entity650 characteristic of intense exercise (5 microg/h, for 3 h, resulting in plasma levels of 100 pg/ml). Blood samples for GH, GH binding protein, @entity442 , and IGF binding protein ( @entity33855 were collected at baseline, 30 min, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8 h after the beginning of the rhIL-6 infusion. @entity650 levels increased only in the rhIL-6-infused group (P < 0.0005) and returned to baseline after the infusion was stopped. @entity650 infusion led to a significant increase in GH, peaking 1 h after the beginning of infusion (P < 0.001). A decrease in total @entity442 levels was noted only in the rhIL-6-infused group (P < 0.027). An initial decrease in @entity10116 levels was noted in both groups during infusion (P < 0.03). Following the initial decrease, there was a significant increase in @entity10116 levels only in the @entity650 -infused @entity1 , peaking at 2 after the infusion cessation (P < 0.001). @entity650 infusion had no effect on GH binding protein, @entity2301 , and acid-labile subunit levels. rhIL-6 levels similar to the levels found after strenuous exercise induced a typical exercise-associated GH--> @entity442 axis response (increase GH, decreased @entity442 , and elevated @entity10116 ). The results suggest that @entity650 plays a role in the GH--> @entity442 response to intense exercise.

title: Effect of rhIL-6 infusion on GH--> @entity442 axis mediators in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human', 'men']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1646 ( @entity1646 ) I is a rare @entity2315 . @entity1513 is an early characteristic feature of the disease. Ossification @entity177 in the anterosuperior quadrant of the vertebral body results in @entity1347 . This study describes the surgical management of @entity1513 in @entity11126 ( @entity12751 ) in a national reference center. METHODS: Among 72 @entity12751 @entity1 followed in our institution, we treated surgically 14 @entity11126 @entity1 with severe @entity1513 . The decision was made after documented deformity progression. Mean age at surgery was 8 (3.5-15) years. Sagittal imbalance of the trunk was constant. One @entity1 underwent extended fusion for associated @entity1635 . We retrospectively reviewed 13 @entity1 who underwent selective circumferential fusion at the thoracolumbar level. RESULTS: Average preoperative @entity1513 was +57.5  (+30  ; +90  ). Surgical correction of the @entity1513 was about 66 % and maintained at final follow-up. Fusion was obtained in all @entity1 . Two @entity1 required revision surgery consecutively to a previous posterior-only fusion, as a significant loss of correction occurred. One @entity1 presented delayed @entity51 secondarily to @entity299 . One @entity1 died postoperatively from @entity177 . CONCLUSION: Surgery is necessary when @entity1513 is progressive despite orthopedic management, aggravating the multifactorial trunk imbalance. Regarding our experience, circumferential arthrodesis should be recommended to achieve stable correction. Surgical management requires a multidisciplinary approach due to multisystemic @entity177 and neurological risks specific to @entity209 .

title: Surgical management of @entity1513 in XXXX in a reference center.

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior dislocation']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracolumbar kyphosis', 'thoracolumbar kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['failure', 'cardiorespiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity1646 :: ('MESH:D009083', 'Disease') :: ['Mucopolysaccharidosis', 'MPS']

entities_list: @entity12751 :: ('MESH:D008059', 'Disease') :: ['MPS I', 'Hurler syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac embolism']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

answer: @entity12751 :: (MESH:D008059,Disease) :: ['mucopolysaccharidosis type 1']