abstract: Control of cell growth and differentiation occurs via extracellular signals known as growth factors. Growth factors are high affinity ligands for transmembrane receptors belonging to the family of receptor @entity669 kinases (RTKs). A number of genetic evidences have implicated RTKs in @entity1 diseases including @entity245 and @entity5 . For instance, germline missense mutations involving the @entity8958 receptor are found in @entity1 affected by @entity13081 and 2B ( @entity8958 and @entity8958 ) or familial medullary thyroid carcinomas. Somatic mutations in the Kit receptor are found in @entity9600 and in @entity1820 . Germline and sporadic mutations of the Met receptor have been described in @entity703 . Overexpression of the HER-2/neu receptor in @entity0 has been associated with @entity5 progression. The enzymatic activity of RTKs is strictly regulated and is usually inhibited under basal conditions. Receptor activation triggers a biochemical signalling cascade inside the cytoplasm, named signal transduction, which is subverted during the malignant transformation of cells. Signal transduction by RTKs is a multistep process which includes: (i) Ligand binding and receptor dimerization, (ii) receptor phosphorylation on @entity669 residues; (iii) recruitment to the receptor and activation of cytoplasmic signaling molecules that transmit signals to the nucleus. Each of the steps involved in this process can potentially be targeted to block the aberrant properties of @entity669 kinase receptors. By using the MET oncogene as a model this review focuses on the strategies that can be applied to therapeutically target RTKs.

title: Receptor XXXX kinases as therapeutic targets: the model of the MET oncogene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9600 :: ('MESH:D034801', 'Disease') :: ['mastocytomas']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity13081 :: ('MESH:D018813', 'Disease') :: ['multiple endocrine neoplasia types 2A']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney and hepatocellular carcinomas']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: We evaluated the safety and survival benefits of orally administered @entity3866 monotherapy for @entity1 with relapsed/refractory @entity463 ( @entity463 ) or @entity816 ( @entity816 ). A dose escalation schedule was administered with a starting dose of 150 mg/day for the first cycle (28 days), followed by 100 mg twice daily for 14 days, and 150 mg twice daily for another 14 days. Assuming no dose limiting @entity137 were observed, dosage was maintained at 150 mg BID for 10 more cycles. Disease and @entity5 responses were assessed after every other cycle; @entity137 assessments were conducted for a minimum of 10 weeks. @entity1 discontinued use of enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants (EIAED) and started non-EIAEDs. @entity1 with previous @entity3866 exposure were ineligible. Eleven @entity1 were enrolled: 8 (73%) @entity463 ; 3 (27%) @entity816 . Adverse events limited study accrual, originally intended to accrue 43 @entity1 . Nine @entity1 (90%) experienced @entity1910 within the first 2 cycles: 7 (64%) within cycle 1; 6 (60%) reported @entity294 within the first 2 cycles. Median progress-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was 1.9 months and 6.9 months. All @entity1 showed disease progression while on the drug. Despite the sample size, the @entity137 of @entity3866 supersedes any marginal benefit it as a monotherapy for relapsed/refractory @entity463 / @entity816 .

title: Phase I/II study of oral @entity3866 for treatment of relapsed/refractory @entity463 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytoma', 'AA']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['anaplastic astrocytoma']


abstract: Medicinal herbs have a very important role in health protection and disease control, and have been used in health foods. @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) have carcinogenic, biological and mutagenic effects. In this paper, the content of 16   @entity2556 as representative contaminants in nine Chinese medicinal herbs, as additives for health foods, was investigated in order to ensure food safety from this source. A highly sensitive isotope dilution-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-GC-MS/MS) method combined with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) was developed. Calibration curves showed good linearity for all @entity2556 (R   > 0.999), and the limit of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.42 to 2.7     g   kg     . Average recoveries for these compounds were in the range of 52.5-117%, 52.6-119% and 81.4-108% at the concentrations of 10, 50 and 250     g   kg      with RSD of 1.8-15%, 0.9-15% and 1.0-15%, respectively. The proposed method was used for the analysis of nine Chinese medicinal herbs. Total levels of @entity2556 varied from 98.2     g   kg      (cassia seed) to 2245     g   kg      (eucommia bark). The highest level was found for @entity11966 ( @entity815 ) in liquorice root (631.3     g   kg     ), indigowoad leaf (551.0     g   kg     ), rose flower (435.2     g   kg     ) and eucommia bark (432.3     g   kg     ). The proposed method could provide a useful basis for safety monitoring of herbs and risk management for @entity2556 in the health food industry.

title: Isotope dilution-GC-MS/MS analysis of 16 XXXX in selected medicinal herbs used as health food additives.

entities_list: @entity11966 :: ('MESH:C031181', 'Chemical') :: ['phenanthrene']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity311 caused by @entity3965 species has shown signs of severity, recorded with increasing frequency in the medical literature. This study aimed to characterize the signs of severe @entity311 by @entity3965 in the State of Maranh  o, Brazil. METHODS: A descriptive cohort study of @entity1 assisted in the field and a historical and concurrent study of a series of cases among hospitalized @entity1 were undertaken to identify the clinical and laboratory signs of severity. RESULTS: A total of 153 @entity1 were included in the study, 13 of whom were hospitalized. Males made up the majority, numbering 103 (67.3%). The age of the @entity1 ranged from 10 to 70 years, 92.2% were natives of the State of Maranh  o, and 65% of the @entity1 had had @entity311 before. The average time elapsed between symptom onset and diagnosis among outpatients was three days, while among hospitalized @entity1 this average reached 15.5 days, a statistically significant difference (p=0.001). The @entity5895 ranged from 500 to 10,000 parasites/  l in 92.8% of cases. The clinical and laboratory manifestations of severity were @entity391 and @entity294 , @entity1087 , drowsiness, mental @entity911 , @entity410 , @entity909 , @entity2146 , @entity548 , pale skin, coughing and @entity1353 , @entity882 , @entity417 , elevation of nitrogenous compounds, and elevated transaminases and @entity648 . CONCLUSIONS: The monitoring of @entity311 @entity1 with @entity3965 showed the possibility of aggravation, the intensity of which varied in different circumstances, especially the interval time between falling ill and diagnostic confirmation.

title: XXXX @entity311 : related factors to severity in the State of Maranh  o, Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3965 :: ('5855', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium vivax']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemia']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

answer: @entity3965 :: (5855,Species) :: ['Plasmodium vivax']


abstract: We report a case of @entity76 presenting with @entity10 , without any specific data. A 22-year-old male had @entity10 for recent three months. Because of detection of the tubercle bacillus in his sputum, he was suspected the @entity1907 and the @entity1906 . On admission the cerebrospinal fluid revealed no abnormal data and the tubercle bacillus was not detected in the culture. We started medication for the @entity378 . MRI demonstrated a @entity66 at the right cerebellum, suggesting the presence of a @entity6551 . He underwent total @entity5 via the supracerebellar route. Histological examination revealed @entity6551 when there are no abnormal data. The @entity6550 may be confused with an @entity1313 . It is important to make an overall evaluation to diagnose @entity378 ; for instance, compromised high age, @entity645 , and the type of @entity134 administered, will increase @entity6550 . In this report, we describe a @entity76 without any abnormal data, suggesting that @entity6550 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any intracranial @entity66 .

title: [A case of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity6551 :: ('MESH:D014375', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous meningitis']

entities_list: @entity6550 :: ('MESH:D016862', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial tuberculoma']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar tuberculoma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity76 :: (MESH:D002526,Disease) :: ['cerebellar tuberculoma']


abstract: In 1923 Alkio described a sibship with 4 @entity1 showing @entity1020 . In the literature this has been classed among the @entity6121 group. However, Alkio's @entity1 later became completely blind by the age of 50. According to the hospital records one of them showed marked destruction and @entity2118 throughout the fundus. The daughter of one of those affected has healthy eyes, but two of her three sons are affected in the same way as their grandfather. They were studied by us in 1987. These two males showed the bull's eye type of @entity1020 with visual acuity of 20/30 resp 20/50, marked dyschromatopsia, central scotoma in the visual field for weak markers, extinguished ERGs and subnormal EOGs. Dark adaptation was considered pathological especially during the cone phase. The peripheral fundus was within normal limits. The parents of the two @entity1 have a common ancestor born in 1720. Autosomal recessive inheritance is therefore very likely. We think that the disorder is closer to the @entity6391 group than to cone or @entity6391 .

title: XXXX of the retina. Continuation of a family study described in 1923.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['cone-rod degenerations', 'rod-cone dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigment degeneration']

entities_list: @entity6121 :: ('MESH:C566719', 'Disease') :: ['cone dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular dystrophy']

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['Rod-cone dystrophy']


abstract: METHODS: Between 1988 and 1995, 60 @entity1 with @entity299 underwent a total extracardiac cavopulmonary connection, a combination of a bidirectional cavopulmonary @entity254 with an extracardiac conduit interposition between the inferior vena cava and pulmonary arteries, except in one @entity1 in whom direct @entity254 was possible. In 40 @entity1 the total extracardiac cavopulmonary connection followed preliminary bidirectional cavopulmonary @entity254 , associated with a modified Damus-Kaye-Stansel @entity254 in 16. The conduits were constructed of Dacron fabric (n = 34), homografts (n = 3), and @entity736 (n = 22). RESULTS: Total early failure rate was 15% (n = 9). Six @entity1 died, and three more had conduit takedown owing to @entity849 and @entity509 (n = 2) and severe @entity338 (n = 1). Two other @entity1 required @entity254 revision owing to stricture. In a mean follow-up of 48 months (6 to 86 months) there were no late deaths (actuarial 5-year survival 88% +/- 4%); 52 of 54 @entity1 are in New York Heart Association class I or II. Two @entity1 required @entity384 or stent implantation, or both, after total extracardiac cavopulmonary connection. Late @entity591 were detected in four of 54 @entity1 : two had @entity1817 with @entity5069 necessitating a pacemaker implantation and two had recurrent @entity5069 (actuarial 5-year @entity943 -free rate 92% +/- 4%). Conduit patency was evaluated by serial magnetic resonance imaging studies. Preliminary data showed a 17.8% +/- 7.6% mean reduction in conduit internal diameter during the first 6 months after total extracardiac cavopulmonary connection, with no progression over the next 5 years. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that the total extracardiac cavopulmonary connection provides good early and midterm results and may reduce the prevalence of late @entity943 in @entity1 undergoing the Fontan operation.

title: Extracardiac Fontan operation for XXXX : seven years' experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sick sinus syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['complex cardiac anomalies']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['complex cardiac anomalies']


abstract: Bipolar concentric electrodes were implanted in extreme lateral regions of hypothalamus having coordinates (A12.5 mm, L 3.5-3.7 mm, V 3.0-3.7 mm). These sites were electrically stimulated using biphasic square wave pulses (1 ms, 60 Hz) at a current strength ranging from 300-800 microA to evoke predatory attack on an anaesthetized @entity35 . At lower current strengths of 300 microA only altertness with @entity384 was produced. Gradual increase in the current strength led to recruitment of somatic and affective components and a full blown predatory attack on a @entity35 was produced at a mean current strength of 700 microA. A scoring system allowed the construction of stimulus response curve, which remained fairly constant when repeated over a period of 3-4 weeks. In ventrolateral tegmental area (VTA), bilateral microinjections of @entity1063 (NE 10 micrograms in 0.5 microliter saline, pH 7.4) lowered the mean threshold current strength to 100 microA while predatory attack was produced at 500 microA. @entity1338 (5 micrograms in 0.5 microliter @entity2771 , pH 7.4) an alpha-2 agonist similarly lowered the mean threshold to 100 microA and predatory attack threshold to 400 microA. The effects of @entity1338 appeared within 20 min of microinjection and persisted up to 6 hr. @entity3160 , an alpha-2 antagonist (4 micrograms in 0.5 microliter @entity2771 . pH 7.4) when microinjected into the same locus (VTA), completely blocked @entity2142 for 3 days, the peak period of the blocking effects were between 3-8 hr, after microinjection. @entity3044 (beta agonist), @entity1169 (beta blocker), @entity3159 (alpha-1 antagonist) and @entity5333 (alpha antagonist) failed to produce any effect. Normal saline and @entity2771 in similar volumes served as controls. The excitatory effects of NE and @entity1338 and inhibitory effects of @entity3160 were significant at P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 respectively with Wilcoxon's signed rank test. The present study indicates the involvement of alpha-2 adrenoceptive mechanisms operating at the midbrain (VTA) level in the elicitation of predatory attack from lateral hypothalamus.

title: Role of midbrain ventro-lateral tegmental area (VTA) adrenergic mechanisms in facilitation of hypothalamically-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['Yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['Clonidine', 'clonidine']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary dilatation']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['predatory attack behaviour']

answer: @entity2142 :: (MESH:D006461,Disease) :: ['predatory attack behaviour']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new neovalve construction technique in @entity2979 . The surgical procedure is described, and preliminary results of the first case series are given. METHODS: From December 2000 to June 2004, neovalve construction in 18 limbs was performed on 16 @entity1 (8 male and 8 female; median age, 55.5 years; range, 34-79 years) to treat severe @entity4096 in cases of @entity2979 . Surgical treatment was recommended in cases of nonhealing or recurrent ulcers (CEAP classification class C6). Preoperative duplex scanning, ascending/descending venography, and air plethysmography were routinely performed. Valvular cusps were created by dissecting the thickened venous wall to obtain material with which to fashion a new monocuspid or bicuspid valve. Mean follow-up was 22 months (range, 1-42 months). Postoperative duplex scanning and air plethysmography were performed in all @entity1 . Descending venography was performed after surgery in 15 limbs. RESULTS: In 16 lower extremities (89%), the @entity1066 healed within 4 to 25 weeks (median, 12 weeks), and no recurrences occurred. Neovalve competence was confirmed in 17 cases (95%). Postoperative duplex scan and air plethysmography showed a significant improvement in hemodynamic parameters (P < .001), especially in younger @entity1 with good muscle pump function. In 17 limbs (95%), the treated segments remained primarily patent at median follow-up of 22 months. Early @entity715 below the neovalve site occurred in two @entity1 (12%). No perioperative @entity1151 was observed. A late occlusion occurred in one @entity1 (6%), 8 months after surgery. @entity260 occurred in three @entity1 (17%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1055 seems to be effective in restoring femoral competence in @entity2979 . Although these preliminary results are encouraging, long-term follow-up and a larger series are required to validate the technique.

title: XXXX in @entity2979 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Minor postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['chronic venous insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2979 :: ('MESH:D054070', 'Disease') :: ['postthrombotic reflux', 'postthrombotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1055 :: ('MESH:D000381', 'Disease') :: ['Neovalve construction']

answer: @entity1055 :: (MESH:D000381,Disease) :: ['Neovalve construction']


abstract: @entity4538 ) infection and its reactivation correlate both with the increased risk and with the worsening of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). Because @entity2631 -like @entity272 can occur in chronic @entity2132 (cGVHD) in allogeneic stem-cell transplant (HCT) @entity1 and hCMV is relevant in the pathogenesis of @entity785 ( @entity785 ), we evaluated the possible pathogenetic link between hCMV and skin cGVHD. Plasma from 18 HCT @entity1 was tested for anti- @entity53482 and/or anti- @entity53483 antibodies, identified in @entity785 @entity1 , by direct ELISA assays. Both donors and recipients were anti-hCMV IgG positive, without @entity792 . Patients' purified anti- @entity53482 and anti- @entity53483 IgG binding to @entity1 umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) and fibroblasts was performed by FACS analysis and ELISA test. HUVECs apoptosis and fibroblasts proliferation induced by patients' anti- @entity53483 antibodies were measured by DNA fragmentation and cell viability, respectively. About 11/18 @entity1 developed cGVHD and all of them showed skin involvement, ranging from diffuse @entity785 -like lesions to limited erythema. Eight of eleven cGVHD @entity1 were positive for anti- @entity53482 and/or anti- @entity53483 antibodies. Remarkably, 4/5 @entity1 who developed diffuse or limited @entity785 -like lesions had antibodies directed against both @entity53482 and @entity53483 ; their anti- @entity53483 IgG-bound HUVECs and fibroblasts induce both endothelial cell apoptosis and fibroblasts proliferation, similar to that induced by purified anti- @entity53482 and anti- @entity53483 antibodies obtained from @entity785 @entity1 . In conclusion, our data suggest a pathogenetic link between hCMV infection and @entity2631 -like skin cGVHD in HCT @entity1 through a mechanism of molecular mimicry between @entity53482 viral protein and @entity53483 molecule, as observed in @entity1 with @entity785 .

title: Antibodies against @entity4538 late protein XXXX in the pathogenesis of @entity2631 -like @entity272 in @entity2132 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity4538 :: ('10359', 'Species') :: ['Human cytomegalovirus (hCMV']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity53482 :: (3077496(Tax:10359),Gene) :: ['UL94']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinetics of urinary excretion of @entity4521 and its metabolites in @entity1 subjects. @entity4521 and its metabolites were determined with gas-liquid chromatography. Two studies were conducted, each using 10 subjects. After i.v. administration of @entity4521 @entity7432 , 10 mg/70 kg, urine was collected every 8 hours and ad libitum for 1 week in the first study and every 2 hours in the first 8 hours and then at less frequent intervals for 24 hours in the second study. @entity4521 , @entity41371 , @entity1286 , the sum of conjugates ( @entity1286 plus @entity41371 ) and total @entity34636 were determined in the first 24-hour urine and accounted for 0.5, 1.5, 7.2, 52 and 4%, respectively, of the administered dose. Conjugated @entity1286 could be detected in the urine 96 hours after drug administration. Eighty-eight percent of the free @entity1286 and 84% of the total @entity1286 found in the urine were excreted in the first 8 hours. The half-lives of urinary excretion of free @entity1286 , @entity41371 , the sum of conjugates ( @entity1286 plus @entity41371 ) and total @entity34636 were 1.28, 1.31, 2.76 and 2.72 hours, respectively. It was concluded that @entity4521 in the body was rapidly metabolized and its metabolites were rapidly excreted in the urine.

title: Urinary excretion of @entity4521 and its metabolites in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4521 :: ('MESH:D003932', 'Chemical') :: ['Heroin', 'heroin']

entities_list: @entity41371 :: ('MESH:C026979', 'Chemical') :: ['6-acetylmorphine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity34636 :: ('MESH:C010616', 'Chemical') :: ['normorphine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: Caloric restriction has documented beneficial effects on numerous diseases including @entity5 , yet the mechanism(s) that accounts for these wide ranging benefits is unknown. Part of the difficulty in defining mechanisms has been the long-term nature of experimental protocols in which these beneficial effects have been observed and the inherent difficulty of investigating mechanisms in such studies. The experiments reported were designed: (1) to determine if caloric restriction would inhibit mammary @entity105 in a model for this disease process that @entity3482 days in duration; (2) to determine if progression from pre-malignant to malignant stages of mammary @entity105 was affected by caloric restriction; and (3) to explore whether the effects of caloric restriction were associated with changes in adrenal function. Mammary @entity105 was induced in female @entity35 by the i.p. administration of @entity7045 (50 mg/kg body weight) at 21 days of age. @entity35 were randomized to one of four dietary treatment groups: ad libitum fed, or restriction of food intake to 90, 80 or 60% of the ad libitum intake. @entity35 were palpated for detection of @entity5 and all mammary lesions excised at necropsy were histologically classified. Twenty-four-hour collections of urine were obtained at weekly intervals throughout the 35-day experiment. Urine was assayed for @entity2819 by direct radioimmunoassay. Caloric restriction resulted in both a dose dependent prolongation of latency to palpable @entity189 (P < 0.01) and a reduction in final incidence of mammary @entity5 ; the dose response was linear (P < 0.05). The percentage of pre-malignant mammary lesions in a group increased with increasing degree of caloric restriction, whereas the percentage of @entity189 decreased (P < 0.05). The level of cortical @entity134 increased linearly with increasing caloric restriction (P < 0.01) an effect that was not attenuated over time. Poisson regression analyses with the number of @entity5 per @entity35 as the dependent variable, level of caloric restriction as the independent variable and urinary cortical @entity134 excretion as a co-variate were performed. These analyses indicated that the variation in @entity5 per @entity35 , irrespective of the treatment group to which an animal was assigned, could be accounted for by urinary cortical @entity134 excretion (P<0.05); i.e. urinary cortical @entity134 excretion was an independent predictor of an animal's carcinogenic response. The data reported in this study support the use of a short term model to study the mechanism(s) by which caloric restriction inhibits mammary @entity105 and point to both a stage in the disease process, the conversion of pre-malignant to malignant cells, and a target tissue (adrenal gland) and chemical species (adrenal cortical @entity134 ) that may be involved in mediating the protective effects of energy restriction. These data indicate the feasibility of identifying a chemical basis for the protective effect of caloric restriction that is independent of energy restriction per se and this, in turn, indicates that it may be possible to circumvent the practical problem of implementing a program of chronic energy restriction in @entity1 populations, yet still achieve the wide-ranging health benefits of such a program.

title: Effect of caloric restriction on pre-malignant and malignant stages of mammary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7045 :: ('CHEBI:50102', 'Chemical') :: ['1-methyl-1-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mammary tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prior studies have shown that the electroencephalogram (EEG) is of low diagnostic yield in the evaluation of @entity1163 but have not looked at the yield according to referring physician specialty. The goals of this study were to determine if the yield of the EEG is higher when ordered by neurologists and whether EEGs with abnormal findings resulted in any significant change in @entity1 management. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of the EEGs requested for a clinical diagnosis of @entity1163 , @entity1163 , @entity909 , or falls from 2003 to 2007 at our institution. We obtained further information from the medical record of @entity1 with an abnormal EEG. RESULTS: Of 517 EEGs meeting our inclusion criteria, only 57 (11.0%) were read as abnormal. No EEG was positive for @entity302 and only 9 (1.6%) showed potentially @entity302 activity. EEGs ordered by neurologists did not have a higher yield compared to non-neurologists. Five abnormal EEGs resulted in further investigations being ordered. One @entity1 was ultimately started on @entity3174 . CONCLUSIONS: EEGs requested for the evaluation of @entity1 with suspected @entity1163 have an extremely low diagnostic yield and do not significantly alter the management of the @entity1 , regardless of the specialty of the referring physician.

title: EEG in suspected XXXX : do EEGs ordered by neurologists give a higher yield?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive syncope', 'syncope']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epileptiform activity']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

answer: @entity1163 :: (MESH:D013575,Disease) :: ['syncope']


abstract: Recently, we developed a novel method for estimating @entity1 circadian phase with noninvasive ambulatory measurements combined with subject-independent multiple regression models and a curve-fitting approach. With this, we were able to estimate circadian phase under real-life conditions with low subject burden, i.e., without need of constant routine (CR) laboratory conditions, and without measuring standard circadian markers, such as core body temperature (CBT) or pineal hormone @entity2493 rhythms. The precision of ambulatory-derived estimated circadian phase was within an error of 12    41 min (mean    SD) in comparison to @entity2493 phase during a CR protocol. The physiological measures could be reduced to a triple combination: skin temperatures, irradiance in the blue spectral band of ambient light, and motion acceleration. Here, we present a nonlinear regression model approach based on artificial @entity1274 for a larger data set (25 healthy young males), including both the original data and additional data collected in the same protocol and using the same equipment. Throughout our validation study, subjects wore multichannel ambulatory monitoring devices and went about their daily routine for 1 wk. The devices collected a large number of physiological, behavioral, and environmental variables, including CBT, skin temperatures, cardiovascular and respiratory functions, movement/posture, ambient temperature, spectral composition and intensity of light perceived at eye level, and sleep logs. After the ambulatory phase, study volunteers underwent a 32-h CR protocol in the laboratory for measuring unmasked circadian phase (i.e., "midpoint" of the nighttime @entity2493 rhythm). To overcome the complex masking effects of many different confounding variables during ambulatory measurements, neural network-based nonlinear regression techniques were applied in combination with the cross-validation approach to subject-independent prediction of circadian phase. The most accurate estimate of circadian phase with a prediction error of -3    23 min (mean    SD) was achieved using only two types of the measured variables: skin temperatures and irradiance for ambient light in the blue spectral band. Compared to our previous linear multiple regression modeling approach, motion acceleration data can be excluded and prediction accuracy, nevertheless, improved. Neural network regression showed statistically significant improvement of variance of prediction error over traditional approaches in determining circadian phase based on single predictors (CBT, motion acceleration, or sleep logs), even though none of these variables was included as predictor. We, therefore, have identified two sets of noninvasive measures that, combined with the prediction model, can provide researchers and clinicians with a precise measure of internal time, in spite of the masking effects of daily behavior. This method, here validated in healthy young @entity1 , requires testing in a clinical or shiftwork population suffering from circadian @entity25 .

title: An improved method for estimating XXXX circadian phase derived from multichannel ambulatory monitoring and artificial @entity1274 .

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural networks']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-wake disorders']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3927 is the only available glucocorticoid receptor antagonist. Only few adult @entity1 with @entity699 were treated to date by this drug. Our objective was to determine effectiveness and tolerability of @entity3927 in @entity699 ( @entity699 ). DESIGN: Retrospective study of @entity1 treated in seven European centers. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with malignant (n=15, 12 with @entity1636 , three with ectopic ACTH secretion) or benign (n=5, four with @entity699 , one with @entity774 ) @entity699 were treated with @entity3927 . @entity3927 was initiated with a median starting dose of 400 mg/day (200-1000). Median treatment duration was 2 months (0.25-21) for malignant @entity699 , and 6 months (0.5-24) for benign @entity699 . Clinical (signs of @entity699 , blood pressure, signs of @entity1887 ), and biochemical parameters (serum @entity972 and @entity413 ) were evaluated. RESULTS: Treatment was stopped in one @entity1 after 1 week due to severe uncontrolled @entity1371 . Improvement of clinical signs was observed in 11/15 @entity1 with malignant @entity699 (73%), and 4/5 @entity1 with benign @entity699 (80%). Psychiatric symptoms improved in 4/5 @entity1 within the first week. Blood @entity413 levels improved in 4/7 @entity1 . Signs of @entity1887 were observed in 3/20 @entity1 . Moderate to severe @entity1371 was observed in 11/20 @entity1 and increased blood pressure levels in 3/20 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity3927 is a rapidly effective treatment of @entity699 , but requires close monitoring of potentially severe @entity1371 , @entity101 , and clinical signs of @entity1887 . @entity3927 provides a valuable treatment option in @entity1 with severe @entity699 when surgery is unsuccessful or impossible.

title: Merits and pitfalls of XXXX in @entity699 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['CS', "Cushing's disease", 'hypercortisolism', "Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['Mifepristone', 'mifepristone']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral adrenal hyperplasia']

answer: @entity3927 :: (MESH:D015735,Chemical) :: ['mifepristone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To detect the level of @entity2533 , @entity688 and @entity4155 in the @entity2023 ( @entity1984 ) @entity1 pre- and @entity6542 ( @entity6542 ). METHOD: The level of @entity2533 , @entity688 and @entity4155 in serum of 48 @entity1984 @entity1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before @entity6542 . and the nasal symptom score (NSS) was evaluated in the first and second year after @entity6542 . At the same time. 35 healthy @entity1 were made as normal. RESULT: (1) The level of @entity2533 and @entity688 in serum of @entity1984 @entity1 were lower than that of normal group (P < 0.05). The level of @entity2533 and @entity688 in @entity1984 @entity1 taken @entity6542 for two years was lower than that of @entity1 with one year @entity6542 (P < 0.05), but it was higher than that of @entity1 pre-immunotherapy (P < 0.05). However, The level of @entity2533 and @entity688 in the group that taken @entity6542 for two years was still lower than that of normal group (P < 0.05). (2) The level of @entity4155 in serum of @entity1984 @entity1 pre- immunotherapy was higher than that of normal group (P < 0.05). The level of @entity4155 continuously declined after taking @entity6542 , However it was higher than that of normal group two years later (P < 0.05). (3) In @entity1984 @entity1 pre-immunotherapy and post- immunotherapy for 2 years, the level of @entity688 and @entity2533 showed negative correlation with NSS respectively, the level of @entity4155 was positive related to NSS respectively (P < 0.05). But the level of @entity688 , @entity2533 and @entity4155 showed no correlation with NSS respectively (P > 0.05) when @entity6542 was taken for one year. CONCLUSION: @entity688 and @entity2533 were fluctuated in @entity1984 @entity1 taking @entity6542 , which raised first and then dropped. but the level of @entity688 and @entity2533 was higher than that of pre- immunotherapy. However, the level of @entity4155 continuously declined in the whole process. It showed that the level change of @entity688 , @entity2533 and @entity4155 correlate with @entity1 ' symptom only two years after @entity6542 ,so the level change of @entity688 , @entity2533 and @entity4155 can be used as an index for evaluating the treatment effectiveness of @entity6542 at that time.

title: [Role of @entity2533 , @entity688 and @entity4155 in @entity2023 XXXX with specific immunotherapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity6542 :: ('MESH:C562465', 'Disease') :: ['SIT', 'post-specific immunotherapy']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of the needling depth recorded in Lingshu (Miraculous Pivot) for @entity1744 of @entity294 (IBS-D) in Germany. METHODS: With the needling technique recorded in Lingshu: Jingshui (Miraculous Pivot: Meridian Water), 21 cases of IBSD were treated with acupuncture at Zhangmen(lR 13), Zhongwan(CV 12), Tianshu (ST 25), Guanyuan(CV 4), Qimen (LR 14), Quchi (LI 11), Hegu ( @entity9154 ), Yinlingquan( @entity14447 ), Zusanli (ST 36) and Taichong ( @entity8950 ), 0. 1-0. 6 cun (2-12 mm) in depth. Even needling technique was applied. The treatment was given 2-3 times each week, and 8 treatments made one session. The efficacy and the scale for the severity degree of symptom (IBS-SSS) were observed in 1-2 sessions of treatment. RESULTS: The total effective rate was 52.4% (11/21) in the 1st session and was 90.5% (19/21) in the 2nd session. The efficacy in the 2nd session was superior to that in the 1st session (P < 0.05). IBS-SSS was 143.58 +/- 70.15 in the 1st session and was 115.98 +/- 72.68 in the 2nd session, all reduced obviously as compared with those before treatment (all P < 0.01). The reducing degree in the 2nd session was much remarkable than that in the 1st session (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The better clinical efficacy has been achieved for IBS-D treated with needling depth recorded in Lingshu (Miraculous Pivot) in Germany. The longer session of treatment is, the better efficacy is obtained.

title: [Efficacy observation on the needling depth recorded in Lingshu (Miraculous Pivot) for @entity1744 of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: In the unilateral @entity2955 ( @entity2955 )-lesioned @entity35 model of @entity191 , controversy exists concerning the use of @entity3826 - or @entity2254 -induced rotations as reliable indicators of nigrostriatal @entity935 depletion. Our objective was to evaluate which, if either, drug-induced behavior is more predictive of the extent of nigrostriatal @entity935 depletion. Fischer 344 and @entity35 were unilaterally injected with 9 micrograms/4 microliters/4 min @entity2955 into the medial forebrain bundle. The animals were behaviorally tested with @entity3826 (0.05 mg/kg, s.c.) and @entity2254 (5.0 mg/kg, s.c.). Following testing, the brains were removed and the right and left striata, substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area were dissected free and quickly frozen at -70 degrees C for analysis of @entity2922 content by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection. Our results indicate that an animal which has greater than a 90% depletion of @entity935 in the striatum might not rotate substantially on @entity3826 , without a concomitant depletion of > 50% of the DA content in the corresponding substantia nigra. No correlations were seen involving depletions of the ventral tegmental area and the extent of the lesions to the striatum. Submaximally lesioned (75-90% depleted) @entity35 were found to rotate on @entity2254 but not on @entity3826 . In addition, control @entity35 that did not receive lesions were often seen to rotate extensively on @entity2254 . We therefore conclude that maximal lesions of the striatum and substantia nigra are required to generate rotations demonstrable with low dose @entity3826 but not with @entity2254 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Correlation of @entity3826 - and amphetamine-induced turning with nigrostriatal XXXX content in unilateral @entity2955 lesioned @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['D-amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ) is associated with the formation of a @entity231 ( @entity231 ). As only a small part of the crystalline lens is usually affected, it is sometimes difficult to determine to what extent the @entity227 is caused by the @entity231 alone. @entity1 AND METHODS: The methodology was developed in analogy to a scoring system for posterior capsule opacification by Tetz et al. Following dilation of the pupil, standardized photographs of the anterior segments were obtained utilizing a Zeiss photoslitlamp model 40 SL/P. The @entity231 was scored by evaluating retroillumination photographs. The individual @entity231 index was calculated by multiplying the density of the opacification (graded from 0 to 4) by the area involved in the central 4 mm zone of the pupil (calculated between 0 and 1). For testing the reliability of the evaluation system in part 1 of this study, 11 @entity6391 @entity1 with different grades of @entity231 were examined by three independent observers. In part 2 of this study 37 eyes of 24 @entity6391 @entity1 , aged 47.2 +/- 11.8 years, were evaluated and the @entity231 index was correlated with different parameters (visual acuity, age, visual fields, eletroretinography). RESULTS PART 1: The @entity231 -density grades were between 1 and 4 in the 11 @entity1 . In relation to the central 4-mm pupillary zone between 13 and 100% of the area were opacified. @entity231 indices (density x area) were between 0.13 and 4.0 (Mean values: Examiner 1:1.41 +/- 1.49; Examiner 2:1.28 +/- 1.46; Examiner 3:1.22 +/- 1.44; differences not significant: P = 0.77). PART 2: After an average duration of @entity6391 of 23 years, the average @entity231 index of the 24 @entity1 was 1.72 +/- 1.35. There was no correlation between @entity231 index and ERG or visual fields (r < 0.2; P > 0.4); however, there was a good correlation to visual acuity (r = -0.72; P = 0.0001). @entity1 with early onset of @entity6391 (before 20th year of life) presented on average with an higher @entity231 index (2.06 +/- 1.67) compared to @entity1 with late manifestation (0.61 +/- 0.44), but equivalent duration of @entity6391 . CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation system offers a reliable and reproducible method for measuring @entity231 density and extension in @entity6391 @entity1 . The method can serve as a useful tool for documenting @entity231 development and help to define the indications for @entity231 surgery in @entity6391 .

title: [Development of a standardized evaluation system for cataracta complicata in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['posterior subcapsular cataract', 'PSC', 'Cataract', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['Retinitis pigmentosa', 'RP']

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']


abstract: A retrospective analysis was performed of @entity1 with @entity957 without evidence of distant metastases, who were treated with radical intent. Between 1981 and 1984, and 1989 and 1991, 98 @entity1 were treated with radiation, @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity1138 ; and between 1984 and 1989, 133 @entity1 were treated with radiation and @entity1487 without @entity1138 . Actuarial survival and local control were assessed, and prognostic factors were identified for both endpoints. The standard dose of radiation prescribed was 52 Gy to the 95% isodose in 20 fractions over 4 weeks. @entity1487 was given by continuous infusion as 1 g/m2 (maximum 1.5 g)/day, for 4 days. @entity1 who received @entity1138 were given 10 mg/m2 (maximum 18 mg) on day 1. Survival and local relapse-free rates were estimated using the method of Kaplan and Meier, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate possible prognostic factors, including the effect of @entity1138 administration. The median survival was 15.4 months (95% confidence interval 12.7-17.2) with 31% 2-year survival ( @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ) 3%), and 13% 5-year survival ( @entity2246 2%). In the multivariate analysis, lower radiation dose and younger age were the only statistically significant prognostic factors for reduced overall survival and reduced relapse-free rate respectively. There was no difference in survival (chi(2) = 0.07, 1 degree of freedom (df), P=0.79) or local relapse-free rate (chi2 = 0.39, 1 df, P = 0.53) between @entity1 treated with or without @entity1138 . The treatment was well tolerated. Further studies are required to determine the most effective combination of radiation and chemotherapy or other radiation sensitizers for @entity957 .

title: @entity957 treated with radiation and @entity1487 , with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['standard error', 'SE']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: In acute @entity583 the overall left ventricular pump function and the regional performance of the infarcted and non-infarcted @entity296 were studied serially by echocardiographic techniques in 24 @entity1 during the first week of their illness. Left ventricular cavity sizes were acutely increased in 62 per cent of the @entity1 (P less than 0-005). The end-systolic diameter in anterior @entity1188 increased to the greatest extent, +44 per cent, the end-diastolic diameter by +27 per cent, giving a volume of 246+/-25 ml. In the anterior @entity583 all the function parameters deteriorated more than in the posteroinferior ones. Ejection fraction was subnormal (P less than 0-005) in every @entity1 , and mean circumferential fibre shortening (Vcf) was slowed by about 30 per cent (P less than 0-005). Regionally, contraction of the infarcted area of the ventricle was asynergic in every instance, and its function was almost totally lost (P less than 0-001). Systolic paradoxical motion was a constant and stable finding in the anterior @entity1188 but not so in the posterior ones. While this asynergic systolic contraction may distort echocardiographic measurement of the end-systolic left vlic phase. The serial deviations from normal in the amplitude or velocity of the uninvolved segments were small, but in the case of clearly enlarged end-diastolic volumes these figures in fact indicate supernormal, compensating function. Both overall and regional performance were worst within the first 3 days of @entity1188 , improving thereafter. The @entity1 with a fatal course showed, instead, progressive deterioration. This noninvasive left ventriculogram by ultrasound gives valuable insight into overall pump function and ventricular volumes, little studied so far in acute @entity1188 , and it may serially quantify the segmental function of both the infarcted and uninvolved regions.

title: Echoventriculography in acute XXXX . II: Monitoring of left ventricular performance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarcts', 'myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial segments']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarcts', 'infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity1714 , a @entity74 already mapped to region 18p11.31, is common in Carloforte (Sardinia, Italy), an isolated village of 8,000 inhabitants descending from a founder group of 300 in the early 1700s. Fifteen myopic propositi and 36 normal controls were selected for not having ancestors in common at least up to the grandparental generation, although still descendants of the original founders. All subjects were genotyped for 14 markers located on autosome 18 at a resolution of about 10 cM. Allelic distributions were found to be similar at all tested loci in propositi and controls, except for the candidate marker D18S63 known to segregate in close linkage association with @entity1714 . In particular, the frequency of allele 85 among the propositi was almost double that of the controls (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.037). The association is more striking when the frequency of the genotype 85/85 in the two groups is compared (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.005). This conclusion was further evaluated through a bootstrap analysis by computing the overall probability of the observed data under the null hypothesis (i.e. no difference between the two groups in frequency distributions for the chromosome 18 markers). Again, marker D18S63 was found to have a sample probability lower than 0.004, which is significant at the 0.05 level after correcting for simultaneous testing of multiple loci. The study demonstrates the efficiency of our novel strategy to detect identity by descent (IBD) in small numbers of @entity1 and controls when they are both part of well-defined @entity74 ( @entity74 ). The iterative application of our strategy in separate @entity74 is expected to become the method of choice to evaluate the ever-growing number of reported associations between candidate genes and multifactorial traits and diseases.

title: A novel approach to search for identity by descent in small samples of XXXX and controls from the same mendelian breeding unit: a pilot study on @entity1714 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['MBUs', 'Mendelian breeding units', 'genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['high myopia', 'Autosomal dominant high myopia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Seventy-six @entity1 underwent parathyroidectomy for @entity8 . There were 10 subtotal parathyroidectomies, 49 total parathyroidectomies with implantation of part of one gland as an autograft, nine total parathyroidectomies with no autograft, and eight @entity1 in whom only three parathyroid glands were found. In 34 dialysis @entity1 who underwent total parathyroidectomy with an autograft there was a high rate of recurrent @entity2742 after 6 years in those remaining on dialysis. Fifty per cent had asymptomatic recurrent @entity2742 and 30 per cent required partial autograft excision for symptomatic @entity2742 . In contrast, recurrent @entity2742 was rare in renal transplant recipients with good renal function. This favourable outcome did not depend upon whether parathyroid surgery was performed before or after transplantation, or on the type of parathyroidectomy. @entity348 without an autograft was performed in nine dialysis @entity1 without any short-term adverse effects, and with clinical and pathological improvement in @entity79 . In summary, the results of surgery for @entity8 were excellent in @entity1 who received a successful renal transplant. However, there was a high incidence of recurrent @entity2742 in @entity1 who remained on long-term dialysis. @entity348 without an autograft may be the treatment of choice in @entity1 unlikely to receive a renal transplant.

title: @entity348 alone or with autograft for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['Total parathyroidectomy']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: CLINICAL FINDINGS AND INVESTIGATIONS: A 14-year-old female neutered domestic shorthair cat was referred for investigation of progressive hair loss, @entity2057 and hind limb @entity425 . @entity6 had been diagnosed 8 months earlier and was well controlled. Abnormalities on serum biochemistry included persistent mild azotaemia, hypochloridaemia, hypokalaemia, @entity5838 and elevated @entity908 kinase. Physical examination revealed a pot-bellied appearance, with @entity2057 , marked thinning and fragility of the skin, bilaterally symmetrical alopecia, a gallop rhythm and systolic @entity101 (173 mmHg). A large, lobulated left adrenal mass was identified using abdominal ultrasound. CONFIRMATION OF DIAGNOSIS: Primary @entity1368 was diagnosed based on an elevated plasma @entity1369 concentration and normal plasma renin activity. Hyperprogesteronism was confirmed by adrenocorticotrophic hormone stimulation test. PRACTICAL RELEVANCE: This is only the second reported case of @entity1368 and hyperprogesteronism in the cat. Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of concurrent @entity1368 and hyperprogesteronism in @entity468 with @entity5 showing clinical signs referable to both conditions. The putative mechanism is either increased secretion of @entity1369 and @entity1420 from neoplastic cells of the zona glomerulosa and fasciculata/reticularis, respectively, or increased production of @entity1420 , as an intermediate in the synthesis of @entity1369 , from neoplastic cells of the zona glomerulosa alone.

title: XXXX and hyperprogesteronism in a cat.

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal tumours']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle wasting']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['hyperaldosteronism']

answer: @entity1368 :: (MESH:D006929,Disease) :: ['Hyperaldosteronism']


abstract: The advantages of a bloodless field and total cardiac relaxation have popularized the technique of deep @entity2332 and total circulatory arrest for the correction of complex congenital @entity299 in infancy. There is, however, a significant potential for @entity358 . Presently, the most common technique is that of using a combination of surface cooling and cardiopulmonary bypass cooling and rewarming. Normal neurological development has been claimed with the present technique of @entity2332 at 20 degrees C and total circulatory arrest for periods up to an hour; however, there are reports of @entity410 activity in the early postoperative period. There is also a disturbing incidence of @entity1576 and, occasionally, @entity548 pulmonary @entity4 . This study, using growing puppies and subjecting them to deep @entity2332 and total circulatory arrest for varying periods of time, disclosed that animals subjected to 60 min of circulatory arrest recovered neurologically; however, there were histological changes of @entity519 in the brain. Animals subjected to 30 min of total circulatory arrest were normal neurologically and there was no histological evidence of @entity12807 to brain tissue. Puppies that were continuously on cardiopulmonary bypass had no significant pulmonary changes caused by increasing the inspired @entity26 tension in the ventilator; however, striking changes were noted when limited cardiopulmonary bypass was employed for core cooling and total circulatory arrest combined with pulmonary ventilation with 100% @entity26 . We conclude from this experimental study that the use of surface cooling and core cooling with subsequent total circulatory arrest at 20 degrees C is a safe procedure, providing the period of time of @entity1167 is kept around 30 min. We also conclude that the alveolar @entity26 tension should be maintained at the lowest level possible during the interval of circulatory arrest to avoid the apparent rapid onset of post-traumatic @entity338 .

title: Effect of deep XXXX , limited cardiopulmonary bypass, and total arrest on growing puppies.

entities_list: @entity12807 :: ('MESH:D002534', 'Disease') :: ['anoxic damage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral and pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defects']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Given our poor understanding of the very long-term @entity1278 . many questions remain regarding the potential for recovery and relapse. The purpose of the present study was to investigate long-term outcome and prognosis in an anorexic sample 21 years after the initial treatment. METHOD: A multidimensional and prospective design was used to assess outcome in 84 @entity1 9 years after a previous follow-up and 21 years after admission. Among the 70 living @entity1 , the follow-up rate was 90%. Causes of death for the deceased @entity1 were obtained through the attending physician. Predictors of a poor outcome at the 21-year follow-up were selected based on the results of a previous 12-year follow-up of these @entity1 . RESULTS: Fifty-one per cent of the @entity1 were found to be fully recovered at follow-up, 21% were partially recovered and 10% still met full diagnostic criteria for @entity1278 . Sixteen per cent were deceased, due to causes @entity1278 . The standardized mortality rate was 9.8. The three groups also showed significant differences in psychosocial outcome. A low body mass index and a greater severity of social and psychological problems were identified as predictors of a poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Recovery is still possible for anorexic @entity1 after a period of 21 years. On the other hand, @entity1 can relapse, becoming symptomatic again despite previously achieving recovery status. Only a few @entity1 classified as having a poor outcome were found to seek any form of treatment, therefore, it is recommended that these @entity1 should be monitored regularly and offered treatment whenever possible.

title: Long-term outcome of XXXX in a prospective 21-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['related to anorexia nervosa', 'anorexia nervosa', 'course of anorexia nervosa']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['anorexia nervosa']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Maintaining physical health in the presence of severe @entity1032 remains a challenge. The aims of this study were to identify the most pressing physical health problems of long-term @entity146 in- @entity1 and to identify vulnerable subgroups, as part of a multi-phased programme evaluation project to improve service delivery to and quality of care of long-term @entity1 in Weskoppies Hospital. METHOD: Regular nursing statistics on vital data, @entity281 , @entity130 , @entity204 , and adverse incidents, as well as clinical file data, infection-control statistics and dietician statistics were recorded for 268 long-term in- @entity1 at Weskoppies Hospital over six months. Adverse incidents including @entity146 were recorded because of their potential for @entity130 . Subgroups of @entity1 were compared using two-way tables and Fisher's Exact Tests, or Mann-Whitney-U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS: The blood pressure of @entity101 @entity1 was well controlled. Prevalent problems were @entity302 , @entity1729 , and @entity130 (accidental and from fighting or assault). Most vulnerable are older male @entity1 (prone to @entity1729 and lower body weight); @entity1 with @entity73 (prone to any @entity130 , especially accidents and @entity998 ); and younger male @entity1 (prone to @entity146 and resultant @entity130 ). CONCLUSION: Increased screening should be conducted for older underweight male @entity1 (for chronic respiratory or @entity166 that might cause @entity3085 ) and of @entity1 with @entity73 or who have fallen (for treatable risk factors for falling and preventative measures). More @entity1 should be referred for special diets. Nursing interventions should be emphasised more with @entity146 and irritable @entity1 .

title: Vulnerable long-term XXXX inpatients need screening for physical-health problems: an audit of regular hospital statistics and clinical files.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'aggression', 'aggressive']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disorders']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'injury and nursing implications', 'injury']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to define risk factors for @entity4963 in adult @entity1 without @entity1778 at a tertiary care medical center. @entity1 AND METHODS: All @entity1 with @entity4963 between August 1, 1981, and October 31, 1984, were included if they met strict selection criteria and did not have @entity3052 . For each case, one control was selected from among @entity1 admitted during the same month/year and matched for hospital service and duration of hospitalization up to the first blood culture that grew Candida species. Logistic regression was used to obtain estimates of risk after simultaneously controlling for other variables. RESULTS: @entity5132 caused 24 of the 48 @entity12045 studied. The risk factors identified included the presence of a central line (odds ratio, 26.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 451.1); bladder catheter (13.0 1.3 to 131.4); two or more antibiotics (25.1, 2.1 to 318); @entity2629 (22.1, 2.2 to 223.2); transfer from another hospital (21.3, 1.7 to 274.5); @entity294 (10.2, 1.03 to 101.4); and candiduria (27.0, 1.7 to 423.5). A prior surgical procedure was associated with lowered risk (0.1, 0.01 to 0.9), suggesting perhaps that medical service @entity1 are at higher risk than those on surgical services. Because total parenteral nutrition was always administered by means of a central line, it could not be shown to increase the risk over that conferred by a central line alone. CONCLUSIONS: This study has defined seven major risk factors for @entity4963 . These findings should facilitate development of rational approaches to preventing @entity281 and may assist clinicians in identifying those @entity1 in whom this life-threatening complication is likely to occur.

title: Risk factors for @entity4963 : a case-control study in adults without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity4963 :: ('MESH:D058387', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial candidemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute or chronic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hemodynamic response to the intravenous administration of the angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitor @entity3371 . Plasmatic @entity916 activity was also monitored. The study population included 10 @entity1 with chronic @entity712 : 3 were in the second NYHA functional class, 5 in the third, and 2 in the fourth. The @entity1 received a first dose of 5 mg of @entity3371 followed, after 10 min, by a second bolus-dose of 15 mg. Hemodynamic and hormonal measurements were repeated in the following 4 hours. The greatest hemodynamic effect, considered as the time of maximal mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistances decrease, and cardiac index increase, was noted 20 min after the first bolus dose administration. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased by 13% (p less than 0.01), mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) by 14% (p less than 0.05), right atrial pressure (RAP) by 30% (NS), wedge pressure (WPP) by 23% (p less than 0.01), systemic vascular resistances (SVR) by 21% (p less than 0.05), pulmonary vascular resistances by 22% (NS); cardiac index (CI) increased by 12% (p less than 0.05), @entity64 volume index by 10% (NS). Heart rate didn't change. The plasmatic @entity916 activity (PRA) increased by 339% (p less than 0.01) reaching the maximal level in concomitance with the greatest hemodynamic effect. Hemodynamic changes were already noted 5 min after the first dose and lasted up to 75 min later.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Hemodynamic effects of the intravenous administration of XXXX in @entity1 with chronic @entity712 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

answer: @entity3371 :: (CHEBI:3380,Chemical) :: ['captopril']


abstract: Large amounts of @entity2556 's are released in the electrode production departments of pre-bake cell @entity5715 reduction plants. Emission sources are mixing, shaping and baking of the anode (paste plant and bake oven) and pot relining operations. A study was performed to quantify the importance of dermal uptake of @entity2556 's among exposed workers. Twenty workers in the anode production departments (paste plant (N = 8) and bake oven (N = 5)) and the pot relining department (N = 7) volunteered for the study. Monitoring was performed over a period of 5 consecutive days using personal air sampling, dermal contamination sampling and biological monitoring. @entity9435 concentrations measured in the respirable air samples, ranged up to 320 micrograms/m3. Dermal contamination of @entity9435 was monitored at three skin sites (wrist, jaw/neck and groin) using exposure pads as pseudo-skin. The skin contamination with @entity9435 ranged up to 375 ng/cm2. Contamination of the groin skin site, although covered by work clothes ranged up to 106 ng/cm2. The concentration of @entity9434 in pre and post-shift urine ranged up to 27 mumol/mol @entity1011 and showed an increase during the day and a decrease during the night. @entity9435 in air and @entity9435 on the skin were tested for significance of correlation with urinary @entity9434 in samples taken at several moments: end-of-shift, pre-shift next morning and weekly increase. The correlation coefficients between dermal contamination and urinary @entity9434 were equal or higher than the correlation coefficient between @entity9435 air concentration and urinary @entity9434 . The total skin contamination in exposed workers is estimated to be more than three times higher than the intake via the respiratory tract. The contribution of dermal exposure to the total @entity2556 body burden of exposed workers therefore appears to be significant.

title: Dermal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons among primary XXXX workers.

entities_list: @entity9434 :: ('MESH:C033146', 'Chemical') :: ['1-hydroxypyrene']

entities_list: @entity9435 :: ('MESH:C030984', 'Chemical') :: ['Pyrene', 'pyrene']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity5715 :: ('CHEBI:28984', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminium']

answer: @entity5715 :: (CHEBI:28984,Chemical) :: ['aluminium']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1964 is an uncommon disorder that can complicate @entity29 . It is more common in @entity1 with @entity791 and can occur in @entity1 on immunosuppressive therapy for @entity792 and in allograft recipients. Mortality rates of up to 71 percent have been reported for @entity1964 . The aims of this study were 1) to identify the presentation, underlying medical conditions, treatment, and outcome of @entity1 with @entity1964 and 2) to determine the prevalence of this infection in @entity1 undergoing intestinal resection for @entity29 . METHODS: A retrospective chart review of @entity1 with pathologic evidence of @entity1964 from 1985 through 1996 was performed. To determine the prevalence of this condition, the hospital discharge database was searched for the diagnoses of @entity31 and @entity30 in @entity1 who underwent bowel resection. RESULTS: 93 @entity1 (mean age, 44 years; 66 percent males) had @entity281 in the small intestine (n = 6), large intestine (n = 86), or appendix (n = 1). @entity1 with @entity791 (n = 42), with @entity31 (n = 11), with @entity30 (n = 11), receiving organ transplant (n = 12), receiving bone marrow transplant (n = 8), and in other immunosuppressed states (n = 11) comprised this study. Seventeen @entity1 (18 percent) underwent intestinal resection, and the remaining 76 @entity1 were treated medically. @entity490 (77 vs. 37 percent; P < 0.01) and @entity360 (65 vs. 34 percent; P < 0.05) were more common presenting symptoms in @entity1 who required resection than @entity1 in the medically managed group. Mortality was 17.6 percent in the surgically managed group and 14.5 percent in the @entity1 who were managed medically. The median duration of @entity31 in @entity1 with coexisting @entity281 was 12 months. The prevalence of @entity1964 was 4.6 percent in @entity1 with @entity31 and 0.8 percent in @entity1 with @entity30 . CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity281 more frequently complicates @entity31 than @entity30 . Furthermore, a short and fulminant course of @entity31 may indicate coexisting @entity281 . The overall low mortality in this retrospective study suggests that aggressive medical and surgical treatment improves survival in @entity1 with @entity1964 .

title: XXXX : clinical associations and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegaloviral infection']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1964 :: ('MESH:D004760', 'Disease') :: ['Cytomegaloviral enterocolitis', 'cytomegaloviral enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune or inflammatory diseases']

answer: @entity1964 :: (MESH:D004760,Disease) :: ['Cytomegaloviral enterocolitis']


abstract: Twenty-two @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic head and @entity135 received a total of 84 courses of a combination of @entity900 , @entity1732 , and @entity1499 (PBM) for a median of four courses per @entity1 (range, 1-7). Among these 22 @entity1 there were four @entity1 (18%) who achieved complete remission (CR) and 13 @entity1 (60%) who had a partial remission (PR). The overall remission rate (CR + PR) thus reached 78%; five @entity1 (22%) progressed while on therapy. The mean duration of objective response (CR + PR) was 8 months; CR lasted a median of 18 months (range, 2-48). Survival was not influenced by @entity5 histology or by previous surgery. The presence of @entity66 did adversely affect survival from the onset of chemotherapy (P = 0.1). The rate of survival was also affected by primary @entity5 site; @entity1 with nasopharyngeal primaries survived longer than all other @entity1 (22 vs. 11 months, P = 0.06). @entity137 to chemotherapy consisted mainly of @entity390 and @entity391 and @entity3136 . Three @entity1 developed @entity221 while leukopenic. One @entity1 experienced irreversible @entity8 , and another suffered from @entity1732 -induced @entity3794 . The high response rate obtained in our group of @entity1 did not have a substantial impact on overall survival. Aggressive, multimodality approaches should be considered in the treatment of these @entity1 when possible.

title: @entity900 , @entity1732 , and @entity1499 (PBM) chemotherapy in locally advanced and metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damage']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['locoregional disease']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: A variety of clinical diseases are associated with @entity548 . Although @entity339 can cause hemoptysis, it rarely is associated with @entity548 at presentation. A 49-year-old @entity1 was admitted to the hospital with the abrupt onset of @entity221 , @entity417 , @entity1353 , @entity2629 , and @entity2617 . Two-dimensional echocardiography done several months earlier to evaluate atypical @entity662 had been unremarkable. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy 2 days after admission to the hospital revealed fresh blood throughout the tracheobronchial tree. The infiltrates resolved rapidly and completely during systemic @entity134 therapy only to reappear as the @entity230 were tapered, suggesting a beneficial therapeutic response. Results of serologic evaluation were negative. Transbronchial biopsies showed @entity32 and hemosiderin-laden macrophages; no specific diagnosis was established. The @entity1 was scheduled for open lung biopsy. The surgeon was concerned about the history of @entity662 and requested placement of a pulmonary artery catheter, which revealed @entity120 . Transesophageal echocardiography and subsequent cardiac catheterization showed severe @entity339 . Mitral valve replacement resulted in complete elimination of symptoms.

title: XXXX due to 'silent' mitral valve regurgitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve disease', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse alveolar hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse alveolar infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['severe pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage syndrome']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) scheduled for vascular surgery have an increased risk of adverse postoperative outcome, and stratification usually depends on dichotomous risk factors. A quantitative prognostic model for @entity1 with @entity712 was developed using wall motion patterns during @entity452 stress echocardiography (DSE). A total of 295 consecutive @entity1 (mean age 67 +/- 12 years) with ejection fraction < or =35% were studied. During DSE, wall motion patterns of dysfunctional segments were scored as scar, @entity63 , or sustained improvement. @entity204 and @entity583 were noted perioperatively and during 5 years of follow-up. Of 4,572 dysfunctional segments; 1,783 (39%) had @entity63 , 1,280 (28%) had sustained improvement, and 1,509 (33%) had scar. In 212 @entity1 , > or =1 @entity63 segment was present; 83 had only sustained improvement. Perioperative and late cardiac event rates were 20% and 30%, respectively. Using multivariate analysis, number of @entity63 segments was associated with perioperative @entity299 (odds ratio per segment 1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.8), whereas number of segments with sustained improvement was associated with improved outcome (odds ratio per segment 0.2, 95% confidence interval 0.04 to 0.7). Multivariate independent predictors of late @entity299 were age and @entity63 . Sustained improvement was associated with improved survival. In conclusion, DSE provides accurate risk stratification of @entity1 with @entity712 undergoing vascular surgery.

title: Value of myocardial viability estimation using XXXX stress echocardiography in assessing risk preoperatively before noncardiac vascular surgery in @entity1 with left ventricular ejection fraction <35%.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac death']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: A paraspinal retained surgical sponge (textiloma) is rare and mostly asymptomatic in chronic cases but can be confused with other soft-tissue masses. Therefore, it is important to be aware of @entity1 with a paraspinal soft-tissue mass with unusual or atypical symptoms. PURPOSE: A @entity1 with asymptomatic chronic paraspinal textiloma who was operated on 13 years ago for @entity890 is presented. STUDY DESIGN: Case report. METHODS: A @entity1 presented with complaints of @entity615 radiating to leg and @entity613 . Computed tomography imaging revealed canal stenosis at L3-L5 levels and a soft-tissue mass at the paraspinal muscles of the L5-S1 level. RESULTS: Surgical treatment was performed for both to excise or obtain biopsy from the soft-tissue mass and to treat @entity612 . During the operation, a retained surgical sponge was found and excised completely with fibrous capsule surrounding it and decompression and posterior spinal instrumentation performed without fusion for @entity612 with dynamic pedicle screws (Cosmic Pedicle Screw System; Ulrich AG, Germany). Recovery was uneventful, and the @entity1 's stenosis symptoms were resolved soon after surgery. CONCLUSION: Retained surgical sponges do not show mostly any specific clinical and radiological signs. They should be included in differential diagnoses of soft-tissue masses at the paraspinal region with a history of a previous spinal operation.

title: A 13-year-old textiloma (gossypiboma) after discectomy for XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic claudication']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['lumbar disc herniation']


abstract: More than 90  % of all @entity150 are @entity1606 arising from the cells lining the inside of the hollow organ (uroepithelium). Cell cultures from primary urinary bladder epithelial cells (PUBEC) of @entity1707 were established to assess the uptake, intracellular concentration, and subcellular distribution of the environmental pollutant @entity3014 ( @entity3015 ). During treatment of the cells with 0.5   M @entity3015 for up to 24  h, intracellular concentration of @entity3015 increased without saturation but with marked differences between various PUBEC pools. Analysis of @entity3015 uptake by laser scanning microscopy indicated that @entity3015 is rapidly partitioned into the cell membrane, while only a slight but significant increase in @entity3015 fluorescence intensity was observed in the cytosol and nucleus. Spectrofluorometric quantification of @entity3015 in PUBEC using ex situ calibration revealed a strong accumulation of @entity3015 , leading to intracellular concentrations ranging from 7.28 to 35.70   M in cells exposed to 0.5   M @entity3015 and from 29.9 to 406.64   M in cells exposed to 10   M @entity3015 . These results were confirmed by gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis. Apoptotic cell nuclei were assessed by TUNEL analysis to see whether @entity3015 exposure at the given concentrations results in a toxic effect. While apoptotic cells were barely detectable in control epithelial cells, there was a marked elevation in apoptosis in the @entity3015 -exposed cells. In conclusion, a comprehensive study on uptake and quantification of @entity3015 in epithelial cells from @entity1707 bladder is reported for the first time. The study may be helpful in understanding the pattern of @entity3015 uptake and distribution in bladder and its possible implication in @entity150 development.

title: Exposure of primary porcine urothelial cells to XXXX : in vitro uptake, intracellular concentration, and biological response.

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancers', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity3014 :: (MESH:D001564,Chemical) :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']


abstract: Renal arteriolar diameters were measured by using vascular casts in the remnant kidneys of subtotally nephrectomized @entity35 . Two weeks after nephrectomy, both afferent and efferent arterioles were dilated, with development of @entity8 . Thirteen weeks after nephrectomy, the afferent arteriole was dilated further, while the efferent arterioles became constricted. @entity8 was augmented. At this stage, the systemic pressure was elevated, with development of marked @entity8 . Throughout the experiment, @entity3371 lowered the systemic pressure, suppressed @entity8 , and limited @entity8 . Both the afferent and efferent arterioles were dilated further. Changes in the arteriolar diameters and the systemic blood pressure suggested that elevated glomerular pressure existed in the remnant kidney and did not exist in the @entity3371 -treated remnant kidney throughout the experiment. @entity2514 and @entity33031 therapy lowered the systemic pressure and maintained the arteriolar diameters and glomerular size at normal levels. However, at the late stage, afferent and efferent arterioles were dilated, with development of @entity8 and severe @entity8 . The results suggested that elevated glomerular pressure was involved in development of @entity8 . However, factors other than hemodynamics should be considered in the pathogenesis of @entity8 . A direct causal relationship between @entity8 and @entity8 was not shown because @entity3371 ultimately limited @entity8 despite @entity8 at the early stage, and @entity2514 and @entity33031 therapy did not ultimately ameliorate the @entity8 despite normal glomerular size at the early stage.

title: Morphometric analysis of renal arterioles in subtotally nephrectomized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular damage', 'glomerular hypertrophy', 'glomerular sclerosis', 'Glomerular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine', 'Hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity33031 :: ('MESH:D014237', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloromethiazide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity5501 is a severe @entity137 effect observed after bone marrow transplantation. Clinical manifestations are @entity1087 , @entity382 , and fluid- @entity1372 retention. Histologically there is non-thrombotic obliteration of the centro-lobular veins associated with @entity39 . This severe complication of bone marrow transplantation occurs early and is caused by a @entity137 processing effect. Incidence is variable, 2 to 50% in reported series, depending on @entity1 , type of marrow provessing and on diagnostic criteria (which hinders comparison between studies). According to most studies, @entity5501 regresses spontaneously. Mortality, depending on the severity of the symptoms, varies from 20 to 50%. Pathogenesis remains under debate: the initial event would occur in the sinusoid endothelium creating a state of @entity49 by release of tissue factors favoring deposit of coagulation factors, especially factor VIII, in the subendothelial region of the veinules. There is also a direct @entity137 effect on centro-lobular hepatocytes which is further aggravated by @entity63 and @entity2979 . use of heparin to prevent @entity5501 was proposed by the Besan  on group in 1985 after they observed a low incidence (1 case in 65) in @entity1 who were given low doses of heparin to maintain patent central catheters. The same team confirmed in 1992 the low incidence in a large retrospective series of 444 @entity1 given either an autograft (3 cases in 253 @entity1 , i.e. 1.2%), or an allograft (5 cases in 191 @entity1 , i.e. 2.6%). Two single-center studies, one in Seattle and the other at the Saint-Antoine hospital in Paris, published in 1990 and 1991, did not show any difference in @entity1 given heparin or not. Inversely, a randomized study published by Attal in 1992 including 161 @entity1 showed a significant difference in the incidence of @entity5501 between @entity1 given heparin (2.5%) and those who were not given heparin (13.7%; p < 0.01). All these studies show that with low doses (100-150 U/kg) the risk is very very low. The mechanism of action of heparin would appear to be related to its protective effect on the endothelium rather than its hemostasis effect. The vascular protective effect of @entity5015 suggests it might also be useful in preventing @entity5501 .

title: [ XXXX after bone marrow transplantation: preventive effect of heparin].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['centro-lobular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['local hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['veno-occlusive disease', 'Liver veno-occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['painful liver enlargement']

entities_list: @entity2979 :: ('MESH:D054070', 'Disease') :: ['venous stasis']

answer: @entity5501 :: (MESH:D006504,Disease) :: ['Veno-occlusive disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cosmetic results after skin surgery are a key component of @entity1 satisfaction and self-image. Various lasers have been used to attempt scar improvement, without consistent results. The optimal time to initiate laser treatment has not been determined. A recent study using a noncooled 585 nm pulsed dye laser starting on the day of suture removal demonstrated substantial improvement in scar appearance. OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of the 595 nm cryogen-cooled pulsed dye laser in the treatment of @entity2318 starting on the day of suture removal. METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 with @entity86 of greater than 2 cm were treated three times at 4- to 8-week intervals with a 595 nm cryogen-cooled pulsed dye laser. All @entity1 had Fitzpatrick skin types I to IV. Each scar was divided at the midline into two fields, with half receiving treatment using a 7 mm spot size at 1.5 ms with 8 J/cm2 and a 30 ms spray duration with a 10 ms delay. The other half was not treated. Scars were evaluated for @entity2118 , vascularity, pliability, and height by a blinded examiner using the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS). In addition, the same blinded examiner evaluated the cosmetic appearance using a scale from 0 (worst) to 10 (best) prior to the second treatment and 1 month after the final treatment. RESULT: SThe average sum of all parameters in the VSS showed significant improvement from 1-month post-treatment to the final evaluation of 60% compared with the control of -3%. Also, scars in the treated portions scored an average of 2 points higher in the overall cosmetic appearance by the same blinded examiner based on a scale of 0 (worst) to 10 (best). Among the individual parameters in the VSS, the most significant improvements were found in vascularity and pliability. CONCLUSION: The cryogen-cooled 595 nm pulsed dye laser is a safe and effective option to improve the cosmetic appearance of @entity2318 in skin types I to IV starting on the day of suture removal.

title: Treatment of XXXX with the cryogen-cooled 595 nm pulsed dye laser starting on the day of suture removal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['surgical scars']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative linear scars']

answer: @entity2318 :: (MESH:D002921,Disease) :: ['surgical scars']


abstract: Thoracoabdominal @entity439 surgery is associated with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality. @entity2759 and the risks of @entity1746 or @entity451 remain devastating complications. The mechanisms of @entity1566 involve both @entity63 and delayed @entity5721 . Blood flow to the spinal cord frequently arises in the segment of the aorta requiring aortic cross clamping. As such, there is an obligate period of blood flow disruption. Multiple strategies have evolved to reduce the @entity63 interval and to provide adjunct interventions to reduce the impact of the @entity63 . Despite a multidisciplinary approach, a @entity2759 is present in approximately 4 to 16% of @entity1 , depending on the type of @entity439 and other comorbid diseases. Cerebral spinal fluid drainage, distal perfusion techniques, intercostal artery anastomosis, @entity2332 techniques, and mechanisms of @entity63 preconditioning are interventions employed to reduce the risk of @entity451 after thoracal-abdominal aortic surgery. Surgeons, anesthesiologists, and perfusionist are intimately involved in the decision making as to which interventions will be employed in a given case. Although these adjuncts have been evaluated in multiple animal and @entity1 protocols, the efficacy of each intervention when looked at in isolation remains difficult to determine fully. This is attributable, in part, to the complex mechanisms of the @entity1 injury, the inherint risks of the surgical procedure, and the confounding effects of comorbid disease states. Nonetheless, clinicians must have comprehensive understanding of these various interventions and their application. This review serves as an overview of these various interventions with special emphasis on outcome data.

title: Thoracoabdominal XXXX surgery and the risk of @entity451 : contemporary practice and future directions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic injury', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord ischemia', 'spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']