abstract: OBJECTIVE: To find out the clinical and management profile of @entity10516 ( @entity10516 ). STUDY DESIGN: A case. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: This study was carried out at Civil Hospital and Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi and @entity378 Clinic at Bantwa Hospital, Karachi, from January 1999 to January 2009. METHODOLOGY: Histopathologically diagnosed cases of @entity10516 were studied. Data included, detailed history, examination, clinical diagnosis, ultrasound, mammogram and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). All @entity1 were initially given antibiotics and corticosteroid for a period of 10 days. All @entity1 were followed for a period of 6 months. Recurrent cases were managed by wide excision and followed for another period of 6 months. Percentage, mean and range values were determined on SPSS version 10. RESULTS: The mean age of the 22 @entity1 was 37.6 years (range=22-52 years). Right breast was affected in 54.5% and left breast in 45.5% @entity1 . Eighteen (82%) were non-lactating. @entity1 presented clinically with @entity158 breast lump in 54.5%, painless lump in 45.5% and additional discharging sinuses in 18%. Clinical diagnosis was chronic @entity1271 in 40.9%, @entity0 in 36.3% and @entity5 in 22.7% @entity1 . Mammography showed an ill-defined mass in 45.5% and asymmetrical density in 31.8%. Diagnosis was confirmed in all @entity1 on histopathology. Recurrence was noted in 2 @entity1 , managed by wide excision, and followed for another period of 6 months without evidence of complications. CONCLUSION: @entity10516 is an uncommon chronic inflammatory disease of the breast. Usually involving a single non-lactating breast in reproductive age group. It clinically mimics @entity378 and @entity189 . Mammography remains non-conclusive. Excision and wide excision biopsy are both diagnostic and therapeutic in majority of cases. Treatment includes short course of @entity230 and antibiotic along with close regular surveillance.

title: XXXX : a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis of breast']

entities_list: @entity10516 :: ('MESH:D058890', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous mastitis', 'GM']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity10516 :: (MESH:D058890,Disease) :: ['Granulomatous mastitis']


abstract: Although skeletal muscle perfusion is fundamental to proper muscle function, in vivo measurements are typically limited to those of limb or arterial blood flow, rather than flow within the muscle bed itself. We present a noninvasive functional MRI (fMRI) technique for measuring perfusion-related signal intensity (SI) changes in @entity1 skeletal muscle during and after contractions and demonstrate its application to the question of occlusion during a range of contraction intensities. Eight healthy @entity1 (aged 20-31 yr) performed a series of isometric ankle dorsiflexor contractions from 10 to 100% maximal @entity2472 . Axial gradient-echo echo-planar images (repetition time = 500 ms, echo time = 18.6 ms) were acquired continuously before, during, and following each 10-s contraction, with 4.5-min rest between contractions. Average SI in the dorsiflexor muscles was calculated for all 240 images in each contraction series. Postcontraction @entity450 for each force level was determined as peak change in SI after contraction, which was then scaled to that obtained following a 5-min cuff occlusion of the thigh (i.e., maximal @entity450 ). A subset of subjects (n = 4) performed parallel studies using venous occlusion plethysmography to measure limb blood flow. @entity450 measured by fMRI and plethysmography demonstrated good agreement. Postcontraction @entity450 measured by fMRI scaled with contraction intensity up to approximately 60% maximal @entity2472 . fMRI provides a noninvasive means of quantifying perfusion-related changes during and following skeletal muscle contractions in @entity1 . Temporal changes in perfusion can be observed, as can the heterogeneity of perfusion across the muscle bed.

title: MRI measures of perfusion-related changes in XXXX skeletal muscle during progressive contractions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'men']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia', 'Hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary contraction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Prevalence and severity of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) in adults is suggested to be distinctly different between ethnic groups. The impact of ethnicity is not as well delineated in pediatric @entity1252 (pSLE). We compared prevalence and extent of major organ involvement, disease activity, and damage in pSLE between different ethnic groups. METHODS: Ethnic demographic profiles of an inception cohort of 265 @entity1 with pSLE followed at Sick Kids Hospital in Toronto were determined and compared to the Metropolitan Toronto at-risk population. @entity1 were categorized into ethnic subsets based on self-designated ethnic origins. Disease characteristics including major organ involvement, disease activity, and damage measures were longitudinally determined and compared among ethnic groups. RESULTS: Ethnicity data were available on 259/265 pSLE @entity1 (99.6%); the majority were non-Caucasian (60%) compared to the Metropolitan Toronto at-risk population (40%) (p < 0.0001). Non-Caucasian @entity1 were younger at diagnosis than Caucasian @entity1 , Black @entity1 being the youngest at diagnosis (12.6 vs 14.6 yrs; p = 0.007). @entity8 was significantly more common in non-Caucasian than in Caucasian pSLE @entity1 (62% vs 45%; p = 0.01). There was a trend toward increased prevalence of @entity6220 in Black @entity1 compared to Asian @entity1 (p = 0.108). There was no difference in gender ratio, @entity1252 Activity Index, or damage scores between ethnic groups. CONCLUSION: Non-Caucasian ethnicity is associated with increased pSLE disease prevalence. Non-Caucasian pSLE @entity1 were significantly younger and more likely to have @entity1310 . However, disease activity and damage were strongly associated with major organ disease independent of the @entity1 's ethnicity.

title: Ethnic differences in pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal disease']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system disease']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'SLE Disease']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: The prognostic role of phosphatase and tensin homolog ( @entity983 ) in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) has been controversial. In this study, levels of @entity983 expression were investigated in @entity1149 @entity1 and their prognostic value in @entity1149 was assessed. @entity983 expression in @entity5 tissues from 68 @entity1149 @entity1 was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. Survival analysis was performed using the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. @entity1149 @entity1 classified as expressers of high levels of @entity983 (n  =  46) had better prognoses than those classified as expressers of low levels (mean survival 17.1 vs. 12.9  months, log rank P  =  0.038). In @entity1 with @entity420 ( @entity420 ), high @entity983 expression (n  =  9) was associated with significantly longer survival than low @entity983 expression (mean survival 23.50 vs. 15.54  months, log rank P  =  0.043). High levels of @entity983 expression resulted in 43  % reduction in risk for all @entity1149 @entity1 (HR 0.57, 95  % CI 0.33-0.98, P  =  0.041). @entity983 expression and clinical stage remained significantly associated with survival after adjustment for age, sex, and @entity5 type (HR 0.56, 95  % CI 0.32-0.99; P  =  0.048; HR 0.54, 95  % CI 0.36-0.97; P  =  0.045). No significant difference in continuous @entity983 expression levels was observed among groups with different clinical or pathological characteristics (P  >  0.17). When levels of @entity983 expression were binarized using the optimal cut-point, higher levels of @entity983 expression were observed in @entity1 with T1/T2 than in those with T3/T4 (80 and 58  %, respectively, P  =  0.049) and in @entity1 with @entity420 than in those with @entity957 (78 and 58  %, respectively, P  =  0.08). No significant difference in binarized @entity983 expression levels was found among groups with any other clinical/pathologic characteristic (P  >  0.28). Our results suggest that high levels of @entity983 expression may be favorable prognostic markers in @entity1149 @entity1 .

title: High levels of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Expression Predict Favorable Prognosis in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['AC', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity11989 ( @entity11989 ) is a rare @entity74 with pathologies of nails, skeleton, kidneys, and eyes. Linkage to a mutated gene was found. It codes for the transcription-factor @entity21834 . In most cases knees are symptomatic. @entity1 have @entity2150 patellae, which are laterally subluxated. In those individuals a sagittal trochlear fibrous septum was found, dividing the anterior knee-joint-space. In the literature the etiology and clinical significance of this @entity854 is unclear. Based on clinical and intraoperative findings we developed a theory regarding knee pathology in @entity11989 . Successful treatment via early resection of the septum with sustained good outcome is presented. METHODS: In a symptomatic six-year-old @entity1 with @entity11989 we resected the fibrous sagittal septum adherent to the trochlea femoris and we balanced the @entity12352 via lateral release and medial plication in both @entity2720 . We analyzed the clinical outcome of this procedure prospectively over 10 years. RESULTS: Postoperatively the @entity2150 patellae stayed centered and stable during further skeletal development. The @entity1 was still @entity158 free with normal range of motion of both operated @entity2720 after 10 years of follow-up. DISCUSSION: In @entity1 with @entity11989 and a subluxated or dislocated @entity12352 we recommend diagnostics with magnetic-resonance-imaging and early surgical treatment via resection of the trochlear septum and soft-tissue-balancing of the @entity12352 . When the septum displaces the @entity12352 and prevents physiological articulation of the @entity12352 with the trochlea femoris, early septum resection is likely to be important for a good functional outcome and proper development of the patellofemoral joint during growth.

title: @entity11989 in a young XXXX followed up over 10 years: relevance of the sagittal trochlear septum for patellofemoral pathology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient', 'patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['anatomic abnormality']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal-dominant inherited disease']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['knee joints']

entities_list: @entity11989 :: ('MESH:D009261', 'Disease') :: ['nail-patella-syndrome', 'Nail-patella-syndrome', 'NPS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To elucidate mechanisms involved in @entity15 ( @entity15 ), we studied genetic regulation of @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ) in @entity35 , assuming a conservation of pathogenic pathways. In this study, we focused on @entity25461 , originally identified to regulate @entity6503 in a (LEW.1AV1xPVG.1AV1)F2 cross. Our aim was to determine whether one or more genes within the 67 Mb region regulate @entity6503 and to define candidate risk genes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used high resolution quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis in the 10th generation (G10) of an advanced intercross line (AIL) to resolve @entity25461 into two QTLs that independently regulate @entity6503 , namely Eae23a and Eae23b. We established a congenic strain to validate the effect of this region on disease. PVG alleles in @entity25461 resulted in significant protection from @entity6503 and attenuated CNS @entity32 / @entity17 . Disease amelioration was accompanied with increased levels of @entity13200 (+) cells in the CNS of the congenic strain compared to DA. We then focused on candidate gene investigation in Eae23b, a 9 Mb region linked to all clinical phenotypes. Affymetrix exon arrays were used to study expression of the genes in Eae23b in the parental strains, where none showed differential expression. However, we found lower expression of exon 4 of @entity25462 , which is specific for splice-variant Zfhep1. @entity25462 is an @entity5041 ( @entity5041 ) repressor involved in T cell development. The splice-specific variance prompted us to next analyze the expression of @entity25462 and its two splice variants, Zfhep1 and Zfhep2, in both lymph node and spleen. We demonstrated that @entity25462 splice-variants are differentially expressed; severity of @entity6503 and higher @entity5041 levels were associated with down-regulation of Zfhep1 and up-regulation of Zfhep2. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We speculate that the balance between splice-variants of @entity25462 could influence the regulation of @entity6503 . Further functional studies of @entity25462 and the splice-variants may unravel novel pathways contributing to @entity15 pathogenesis and @entity32 in general.

title: Fine-mapping resolves XXXX into two QTLs and implicates @entity25462 as a candidate gene regulating experimental neuroinflammation in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity25461 :: (100303366(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Eae23']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine through a systematic literature search the predictors of clinical response and radiographic progression in adult @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) treated with @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) monotherapy. METHODS: A systematic literature search using Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, in May 2008, and review of abstracts of the annual congresses of the American College of Rheumatology (2006-2007) and the European League Against @entity627 (2002-2007) was performed, as part of a national initiative to develop guidelines for the use of @entity1500 in @entity309 . RESULTS: Nine studies fulfilled the criteria set for this literature search. Male sex, low disease activity measured by composite scores (DAS or SDAI), and nonutilization of prior DMARD were predictive of good clinical response to @entity1500 . @entity1 with @entity309 who are rheumatoid factor-positive and smokers tend to have lower response. However, this last association has not been found for @entity1 with @entity66 . High disease activity before introduction of @entity1500 monotherapy and higher activity during followup at 3 months is a predictor of more severe radiographic progression. CONCLUSION: Among factors found to be predictive of clinical and radiographic outcomes of @entity1 with @entity309 treated with @entity1500 , no factor was found to have a high predictive value. Variability in efficacy measures and statistical tests made it difficult to compare results. Followup of disease activity after 3 to 6 months of treatment seems to be a better and more useful predictor than baseline @entity1 characteristics.

title: Predictors of clinical response and radiographic progression in @entity1 with @entity309 treated with XXXX monotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['established disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA', 'early RA']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: Encystation of @entity461 is required for survival outside the host, as well as for initiation of new @entity281 . Previously, we induced cultured @entity461 trophozoites to encyst in vitro for the first time. During encystation, we observed the appearance of a new class of large secretory vesicle (encystation-specific vesicle; @entity5778 ) within which cyst antigens are concentrated and transported to the nascent wall. The present kinetic and physiologic studies now show that @entity5778 are the earliest morphologic change observed in encystation. Expression of @entity5778 , as well as subsequent encystation, are regulated by exposure to bile at the slightly alkaline pH which is typical of the @entity1 intestinal tract. @entity5778 formation appears to be less stringently regulated than formation of water-resistant cysts because omission of either encystation stimuli or alkaline pH preferentially inhibits encystation. Since cysts do not attach, we asked when in encystation this physiologic transition occurs. We found that most encysting trophozoites remain attached until they begin to round up (greater than 24 hr). However, if they are made to detach, as early as 12 hr in encystation, well before they round up, they are defective in the ability to reattach. If trophozoites also become less able to reattach to the intestinal epithelium early in encystation in vivo, this would increase their exposure to lumenal encystation stimuli and promote encystation. These studies have provided new insights into the complex sequence of morphologic and physiologic alterations which occur during encystation of @entity461 in vitro and their regulation by host intestinal factors.

title: XXXX : regulation of secretory vesicle formation and loss of ability to reattach during encystation in vitro.

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Species') :: ['Giardia lamblia', 'G. lamblia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity461 :: (5741,Species) :: ['Giardia lamblia']


abstract: The t(14;18) translocation is a highly consistent feature of @entity706 although the underlying mechanism generating this fusion remains uncertain. The breakpoints on chromosome 18 are at one of two sites, designated mbr and mcr, in the @entity588 gene. A polymerase chain reaction strategy has been developed for amplification and direct sequencing of the resultant 14q+ and 18q- reciprocal junctions. Sequence analysis of the amplified 14q+ junction established that 21 @entity5 contained a @entity588 (mbr) sequence to an immunoglobulin @entity12808 region, the majority being J5 or J6. A nonrandom pattern of breakpoints within the mbr region was found. Clustering of the breakpoint occurred with over 60% of the translocations clustering within 10 bases. There was a second cluster within the mbr 50 bases 3' of the first cluster. One of these junctions had an unusual configuration with the @entity588 and @entity12808 sequences separated by a recognisable DH region. This suggests that at least some of the junctional sequences, previously thought of as N insertions, may be fragments of unrecognised DH regions. In one of these @entity5 it was possible to sequence the reciprocal 18q- junction, showing it to consist of a DH/ @entity588 (mbr) fusion. Analysis of both reciprocal junctions for a translocation in the mcr region of @entity588 , showed that this 18q- junction also consisted of DH fused to a @entity588 sequence. In contrast to previous analyses, which demonstrated either loss or duplication of @entity588 sequences at the breakpoints, the @entity588 sequence was conserved during the mbr and mcr translocations in this study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Direct sequence analysis of 14q+ and 18q- chromosome junctions at the MBR and MCR revealing clustering within the MBR in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['follicular lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['follicular lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: At Boot @entity14695 , we evaluated a modular approach to skills mastery related to @entity1167 and crisis scenarios. METHODS: With 32 first-year cardiothoracic surgery residents divided into 4 groups, 4 consecutive hours were devoted to @entity1167 skills by using a perfused nonbeating heart model, computer-controlled CPB simulator, and perfused beating heart simulator. Based on the @entity1167 simulator, each resident was assessed by using a checklist rating score on @entity1167 management and 1 crisis scenario. An overall @entity1167 score was determined. Economy of time and thought was assessed (1 = unnecessary/disorganized to 5 = maximum economy). At the end of the session, residents completed a written examination. Residents rated the sessions on cannulation skills, @entity1167 knowledge, and @entity341 and crisis scenarios on a 5-point scale (5 = very helpful to 1 = not helpful). RESULTS: Thirty residents completed @entity1167 simulator exercises. For initiation and termination of @entity1167 , most residents performed the tasks and sequence correctly. Some elements were not performed correctly. For instance, 3 residents did not verify the activated clotting time before @entity1167 initiation. Four residents demonstrated inadequate communication with the perfusionist, including lack of assertiveness and unclear commands. In crisis scenarios management of massive air @entity887 (n = 8) was challenging and resulted in the most errors; poor venous drainage and high arterial line pressure scenarios were managed with fewer errors. For the protamine reaction scenario, all residents (n = 7) identified the problem, but in 3 cases heparin was not redosed before resuming @entity1167 for @entity67 . The score for economy of time and thought was 3.83    0.6 (range, 3-5). The score of the written examination was 90.0    11.3 (range, 60-100), which did not correlate with the overall @entity1167 score of 91.4    7.1 (range, 80-100; r = 0.07). The session on acquiring aortic cannulation skills was rated 4.92, that for @entity1167 knowledge was rated 4.96, and that for @entity1167 crisis scenarios was rated 4.96. CONCLUSIONS: This Boot @entity14695 session introduced residents early in their training to aortic cannulation, principles and management of @entity1167 , and crisis management. Based on a modular approach, technical skills and knowledge of @entity1167 can be acquired and assessed by using simulations, but further work with more comprehensive educational modules and practice will accelerate the path to mastery of these critical skills.

title: Cardiopulmonary bypass simulation at the Boot XXXX .

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary bypass emergency']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary bypass']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular failure']

answer: @entity14695 :: (820,Gene) :: ['Camp']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Blockade of the @entity916 -angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in preventing @entity130 associated with @entity6 . The recent development of direct @entity916 inhibitors (DRIs) provides a new approach to block the RAS, but the effects of DRIs on renal and systemic vascular function in uncomplicated type 1 @entity6 have not been elucidated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Renal hemodynamic function (inulin and paraaminohippurate clearance), augmentation index and pulse wave velocity, endothelial dependent vasodilatation ( @entity384 [ @entity384 ]), and endothelial independent vasodilatation (response to sublingual @entity1242 ) were evaluated before and after administration of aliskiren (300 mg daily for 30 days) in 10 adult subjects with uncomplicated type 1 @entity6 during clamped euglycemia (4-6 mmol/l) and @entity4854 (9-11 mmol/l). RESULTS: In response to the DRI, plasma @entity916 activity decreased (from 0.40 to 0.13 ng . ml(-1) . h(-1), P < 0.05) and plasma @entity916 increased (from 5.2 to 75.0 ng/l, P < 0.05). Peripheral and central blood pressures decreased, and effective renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate increased during clamped euglycemia and @entity4854 (P < 0.05). The carotid augmentation index during clamped euglycemia decreased (from 26 +/- 6 to 20 +/- 5%, P < 0.05) as did pulse wave velocity during clamped @entity4854 (from 7.8 +/- 0.6 to 6.8 +/- 0.5 m/s, P < 0.05). In response to the DRI, @entity384 increased during both clamped euglycemia (from 1.92 +/- 1.13 to 5.55 +/- 0.81%) and @entity4854 (from 1.86 +/- 0.98 to 5.63 +/- 0.62) as did the vasodilatory response to sublingual @entity1242 . CONCLUSIONS: DRIs exert a renal vasodilatory effect and improve parameters of systemic vascular function, suggesting that blockade of the RAS with this new class of agents has important functional effects in subjects with uncomplicated type 1 @entity6 .

title: Effect of direct @entity916 inhibition on renal hemodynamic function, arterial stiffness, and endothelial function in humans with uncomplicated type 1 XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['flow-mediated dilation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['end-organ injury']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity2531 are frequent in the general population and their pharmacological treatment is not always adequately resolved. @entity7785 have demonstrated their analgesic effect in several @entity158 conditions, both in animal models and in clinical situations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cannabinoid-mediated antinociception in two inflammatory models of @entity158 (orofacial and @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) @entity406 test) and to compare it with a spinal inflammatory model (paw @entity406 test). @entity10024 (0.5, 1mg/kg), a synthetic cannabinoid agonist, was intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered prior to @entity406 and significantly reduced the nociceptive behavioural responses in these inflammatory tests. To elucidate which subtype of receptor could be involved in such effect, two selective cannabinoid antagonists were administered prior to WIN. @entity351 (1mg/kg i.p.), the @entity6510 receptor-selective antagonist, was able to prevent the cannabinoid-induced @entity1337 in all three models, whereas @entity10029 (1mg/kg i.p.), the @entity12332 receptor-selective antagonist, only prevented it in the paw @entity406 test. A comparison with the antinociceptive effects of @entity1286 (2.5, 5, 10mg/kg, i.p.), @entity3352 (2.5, 5mg/kg, i.p.) and @entity3652 (25, 50mg/kg, i.p.) was also performed. @entity1286 displayed a dose-dependent reduction of acute and @entity158 in all three models, whereas @entity3352 and @entity3652 only attenuated @entity158 at the highest tested doses. These results indicate that the cannabinoid-induced antinociception in the orofacial region is mediated by activation of @entity6510 cannabinoid receptor. Moreover WIN was as effective as @entity1286 and more effective than @entity3352 and @entity3652 , in oral @entity158 .

title: Antinociceptive effect of the cannabinoid agonist, @entity10024 , in the orofacial and temporomandibular XXXX tests.

entities_list: @entity7785 :: ('MESH:D002186', 'Chemical') :: ['Cannabinoids']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['Orofacial pain disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pain', 'orofacial pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['Morphine', 'morphine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity406 :: (MESH:D005557,Chemical) :: ['formalin']


abstract: Objective. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a multidisciplinary treatment of @entity28 on plasma concentrations of several gut hormones in fasting condition and in response to a mixed meal in @entity1 . Methods. Complete data were available from 36 @entity28 @entity1 (age 13.3    2.0   yr). At baseline and after the 3-month multidisciplinary treatment, fasting and postprandial blood samples were taken for @entity413 , @entity2690 , ghrelin, @entity1942 ( @entity1942 ), and @entity5445 ( @entity5445 ). Results. BMI-SDS was significantly reduced by multidisciplinary treatment (from 4.2    0.7 to 4.0    0.9, P < .01). The intervention significantly increased the area under the curve (AUC) of ghrelin (from 92.3    18.3 to 97.9    18.2 pg/L, P < .01), but no significant changes were found for @entity1942 or @entity5445 concentrations (in fasting or postprandial condition). The @entity2690 resistance index (HOMA-IR) remained unchanged as well. Conclusion. Intensive multidisciplinary treatment induced moderate @entity353 and increased ghrelin secretion, but serum @entity1942 and @entity5445 concentrations and @entity2690 sensitivity remained unchanged.

title: The effect of multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention on the pre- and postprandial plasma gut Peptide concentrations in XXXX with @entity28 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['glucagon-like peptide 1', 'GLP-1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Dissolved organic matter ( @entity13304 ) is a significant (>700 Pg) global C pool. Transport of terrestrial @entity13304 to the inland waters and coastal zones represents the largest flux of reduced C from land to water (215 Tg yr(-1)) (Meybeck, M. Am. J. Sci. 1983, 282, 401-450). Oxidation of @entity13304 by interdependent photochemical and biochemical processes largely controls the fate of @entity13304 entering surface waters. Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) have been hypothesized to play a significant role in the photooxidation of @entity13304 , because they may oxidize the fraction of @entity13304 that is inaccessible to direct photochemical degradation by sunlight. We followed the effects of photochemically produced singlet @entity26 ( @entity2767 ) on @entity13304 by mass spectrometry with @entity14682 -labeled @entity26 , to understand how @entity2767 -mediated transformations of @entity13304 may lead to altered @entity13304 bioavailability. The photochemical @entity26 uptake by @entity13304 attributed to @entity2767 increased with @entity13304 concentration, yet it remained a minority contributor to photochemical @entity26 uptake even at very high @entity13304 concentrations. When @entity13304 samples were exposed to @entity2767 -generating conditions (Rose Bengal and visible light), increases were observed in @entity13304 constituents with higher @entity26 content and release of @entity274 was detected. Differential effects of @entity274 and @entity2767 -treated @entity13304 showed that @entity2767 -treated @entity13304 led to slower bacterial growth rates relative to unmodified @entity13304 . Results of this study suggested that the net effect of the reactions between singlet @entity26 and @entity13304 may be production of partially oxidized substrates with correspondingly lower potential biological energy yield.

title: Singlet XXXX in the coupled photochemical and biochemical oxidation of dissolved organic matter.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: PURPOSE: We report a multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial of bilateral stimulation of the anterior nuclei of the thalamus for localization-related @entity302 . METHODS: @entity1 were adults with medically refractory partial @entity410 , including secondarily generalized @entity410 . Half received stimulation and half no stimulation during a 3-month blinded phase; then all received unblinded stimulation. RESULTS: One hundred ten @entity1 were randomized. Baseline monthly median @entity410 frequency was 19.5. In the last month of the blinded phase the stimulated group had a 29% greater reduction in @entity410 compared with the control group, as estimated by a generalized estimating equations (GEE) model (p = 0.002). Unadjusted median declines at the end of the blinded phase were 14.5% in the control group and 40.4% in the stimulated group. Complex partial and "most severe" @entity410 were significantly reduced by stimulation. By 2 years, there was a 56% median percent reduction in @entity410 frequency; 54% of @entity1 had a @entity410 reduction of at least 50%, and 14 @entity1 were @entity410 -free for at least 6 months. Five deaths occurred and none were from implantation or stimulation. No @entity1 had symptomatic @entity548 or @entity75 . Two @entity1 had acute, transient stimulation-associated @entity410 . Cognition and mood showed no group differences, but @entity1 in the stimulated group were more likely to report @entity308 or @entity2414 as adverse events. DISCUSSION: Bilateral stimulation of the anterior nuclei of the thalamus reduces @entity410 . Benefit persisted for 2 years of study. Complication rates were modest. Deep brain stimulation of the anterior thalamus is useful for some @entity1 with medically refractory partial and secondarily generalized @entity410 .

title: Electrical stimulation of the anterior nucleus of thalamus for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain infection']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory problems']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['refractory epilepsy']


abstract: CONTEXT: Medical organizations have recommended that administrators, parents, and community leaders explore every opportunity to make interscholastic athletic programs safe for participation, including employing athletic trainers at practices and competitive events. OBJECTIVE: To determine the overall level of medical services provided for secondary school-aged @entity2587 at high school athletic events in a rural southern state, to evaluate the employment of athletic trainers in the provision of medical services in secondary schools, and to compare athletic training medical services provided at athletic events among schools of various sizes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Questionnaires were sent to administrators at 199 secondary schools. @entity1 OR OTHER @entity1 : A total of 144 administrators, including interscholastic athletic directors and school principals, from 199 secondary schools participated (72% response rate). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): @entity1 completed the Self-Appraisal Checklist for Health Supervision in Scholastic Athletic Programs from the American Academy of Pediatrics, which has been demonstrated to be valid and reliable. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to measure differences in groups. RESULTS: We found differences in cumulative scores when measuring between institutional classifications (P  <= .05). Cumulative scores for the Event Coverage section of the instrument ranged from 80.5 to 109.6 out of a total possible score of 126. We also found differences in several factors identified in the Event Coverage section (P  <= .05). CONCLUSIONS: The number of @entity15285 staff certified in cardiopulmonary resuscitation or first aid was minimal. Most schools did not have a plan for providing minimal emergency equipment, ice, or water for visiting teams. We found that 88% (n = 7) of the 8 essential Event Coverage components that the American Academy of Pediatrics deems important were not addressed by schools represented in our study.

title: The level of medical services and secondary school-aged XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

answer: @entity2587 :: (MESH:D001265,Disease) :: ['athletes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine if bracing can restrict @entity717 in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient @entity1 during high loading activities. DESIGN: Repeated measures. Kinematic data were collected with an 8-camera Vicon system while each @entity1 performed 2 tasks that are known to cause increased rotational and translational loads on the knee: (1) descending from a stair and subsequent pivoting, and (2) landing from a platform and subsequent pivoting. The tasks were repeated under 3 brace conditions for the @entity1347 knee: (1) wearing a prophylactic brace (braced condition), (2) wearing a patellofemoral brace ( @entity558 ), and (3) without brace (unbraced condition). SETTING: Biomechanical laboratory study. @entity1 : Twenty-one male subjects with a confirmed unilateral ACL rupture were assessed in vivo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Tibial internal rotation. Two repeated measures ANOVAs tested for differences in tibial internal rotation among the 3 conditions of the @entity1347 knee and the unbraced condition of the intact knee. RESULTS: In both tasks, @entity717 was significantly lower in the intact knee compared with all 3 conditions of the @entity1347 knee (P  <= 0.031). Bracing the @entity1347 knee resulted in lower rotation than the unbraced (P  <= 0.001) and sleeved (P  <= 0.033) conditions. The @entity558 resulted in lower @entity717 in the drop landing and pivoting task compared with the unbraced condition (P = 0.019) but not in the stair descending and pivoting task (P = 0.256). CONCLUSIONS: Bracing decreased the excessive @entity717 in @entity1347 @entity1 during high-demand activities but failed to fully restore normative values. If knee braces can enhance rotational knee stability in @entity1347 @entity1 , then they could possibly play an important role in preventing further knee pathology in such @entity1 .

title: The effect of knee braces on XXXX in anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees during high-demand athletic activities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['tibial rotation']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['sleeved condition']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ACL-deficient']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['tibial rotation']


abstract: The results of the transplantation out of a progressive @entity2 tissue with @entity491 showed that @entity5 were grown in @entity19 at about 70 days after direct transplantation. A @entity5 was removed from the nude @entity19 for attempt at establishment of cell line in vitro. The medium used for the cell culture was MEM synthetic culture medium (Gibco Inc.) supplemented with 10% new borne bovine serum. Subcultures were performed on 5 to 6 days basis at 1:2 split by the use of 0.25% trypsin solution. The morphology of obtained cells was a spindle-like shape and the cell grew in a monolayered sheet with about 32 to 36 hr of population-doubling time. The modal chromosome number of this cell line was 44 including one large submetacentric and one minute marker chromosome. Cell lines were tested for tumorigenicity with an inoculum of five million cells in @entity19 . This cell lines produced @entity5 with high rate. The @entity5 has been maintained in @entity19 through serial passages over a period of one year. The temperature sensitivity and the @entity2304 -producing of this cells will be discussed.

title: [Establishment and characterization of human @entity5 cell line (NOC-S) derived from a progressive XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2304 :: ('12981(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Loss of mtDNA by the petite-negative @entity375 @entity11900 is lethal (rho(o)-lethality). However, mutations in the alpha, beta and gamma subunits of F(1)-ATPase can suppress lethality by increasing intramitochondrial hydrolysis of @entity855 . Increased hydrolysis of @entity855 can also occur on inactivation of Inh1, the natural inhibitor of F(1)-ATPase. However, not all strains of @entity11900 show suppression of rho(o)-lethality on inactivation of INH1. Genetic analysis indicates that one or more alleles of modifying factors are required for suppression. Papillae showing enhanced resistance to @entity5611 (EB) in INH1 disruptants have mutations in the alpha, beta and gamma subunits of F(1)-ATPase. Increased growth of double mutants on EB has been investigated by disruption of INH1 in previously characterized @entity855 suppressor mutants. Inactivation of Inh1, with one exception, results in better growth on EB and increased F(1)-ATPase activity, indicating that suppression of rho(o)-lethality is not due to @entity855 mutations preventing Inh1 from interacting with the F(1)-complex. By contrast, in suppressor mutants altered in @entity534 435 of the beta subunit, disruption of INH1 did not change the kinetic properties of F(1)-ATPase or alter growth on EB. Consequently, @entity534 435 appears to be required for interaction of Inh1 with the beta subunit. In a previous study, a mex1-1 allele was found to enhance mgi( @entity855 ) expression. In accord with results from double mutants, it has been found that mex1-1 is a frameshift mutation in INH1 causing inactivation of Inh1p.

title: The F1-ATPase inhibitor Inh1 (IF1) affects suppression of mtDNA loss-lethality in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium bromide']

entities_list: @entity11900 :: ('28985', 'Species') :: ['Kluyveromyces lactis', 'K. lactis']

answer: @entity11900 :: (28985,Species) :: ['Kluyveromyces lactis']


abstract: We have studied the incorporation and interconversion of purines into @entity2036 by freshly isolated @entity3204 . They did not synthesize @entity2036 from @entity5189 , @entity2228 , or @entity563 . The @entity10043 bases @entity3625 , @entity3624 , @entity2774 , and @entity5536 were incorporated at 9.2, 6.2, 5.1, and 4.3 pmol/10(7) cells/h, respectively. The purine nucleosides @entity859 , @entity14572 , @entity17350 , and @entity27986 were incorporated at 110, 9.0, 2.7, and 0.3 pmol/10(7) cells/h, respectively. @entity2774 , @entity3624 , and their respective @entity2642 labeled only @entity6989 . @entity14572 , @entity3625 , and @entity5536 labeled both @entity5536 and @entity6370 pools at nearly equal ratios. @entity859 kinase was greater than 10-fold more active than the next most active enzyme in vitro. This is consistent with the metabolic data in vivo. No other @entity2353 kinase or phosphotransferase activities were found. Phosphorylase activities were detected for @entity17350 and @entity14572 ; no other cleavage activities were detected. Deaminases were found for @entity5536 and @entity2774 . Phosphoribosyltransferase activities were detected for all four purine nucleobases. Interconversion occurs only in the direction of @entity5536 to @entity6989 .

title: XXXX metabolism in @entity3204 .

entities_list: @entity2642 :: ('MESH:D009705', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleosides']

entities_list: @entity6370 :: ('CHEBI:61292', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity14572 :: ('MESH:D007288', 'Chemical') :: ['inosine', 'Inosine']

entities_list: @entity6989 :: ('MESH:D006150', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity2774 :: ('MESH:D006147', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine', 'Guanine']

entities_list: @entity27986 :: ('MESH:C005893', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthosine']

entities_list: @entity17350 :: ('MESH:D006151', 'Chemical') :: ['guanosine']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity10043 :: (MESH:C030985,Chemical) :: ['Purine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity27891 ( @entity27891 ) and b-lactoglobulin ( @entity32672 ) genes are extensively polymorphic in ruminants. Several association studies have estimated the effects of polymorphisms in these genes on milk yield, milk composition, and cheese-manufacturing properties. Usually, these results are based on production integrated over the lactation curve or on cross-sectional studies at specific days in milk (DIM). However, as differential expression of milk protein genes occurs over lactation, the effect of the polymorphisms may change over time. In this study, we fitted a mixed-effects regression model to test-day records of milk yield and milk quality traits (fat, protein, and total solids yields) from Colombian tropical dairy @entity1237 . We used the well-characterized A/B polymorphisms in the @entity27891 and @entity32672 genes. We argued that this approach provided more efficient estimators than cross-sectional designs, given the same number and pattern of observations, and allowed exclusion of between-subject variation from model error. The @entity32672 genotype AA showed a greater performance than the BB genotype for all traits along the whole lactation curve, whereas the heterozygote showed an intermediate performance. We observed no such constant pattern for the @entity27891 gene between the AA homozygote and the heterozygote (the BB genotype was absent from the sample). The differences among the genotypic effects of the @entity32672 and the @entity27891 polymorphisms were statistically significant during peak and mid lactation (around 40-160 DIM) for the @entity32672 gene and only for mid lactation (80-145 DIM) for the @entity27891 gene. We also estimated the additive and dominant effects of the @entity32672 locus. The locus showed a statistically significant additive behavior along the whole lactation trajectory for all quality traits, whereas for milk yield the effect was not significant at later stages. In turn, we detected a statistically significant dominance effect only for fat yield in the early and peak stages of lactation (at about 1-45 DIM). The longitudinal analysis of test-day records allowed us to estimate the differential effects of polymorphisms along the lactation curve, pointing toward stages that could be affected by the gene.

title: Longitudinal data analysis of polymorphisms in the XXXX and b-lactoglobulin genes show differential effects along the trajectory of the lactation curve in tropical dairy @entity1237 .

answer: @entity27891 :: (100861231,Gene) :: ['k-casein']


abstract: There is increasing interest in @entity5 stem cells (CSCs) and their role in @entity5 progression. Recently, CSCs have been identified in brain, skin, and @entity4056 and it has been suggested that these CSCs are responsible for @entity5 growth and @entity3 . In @entity0 fatality is often due to the development of @entity3 (MBC). Almost 30% of early @entity0 @entity1 eventually develop MBC and in 90% of these multi-drug resistance (MDR) occurs. This could be attributed to the presence of @entity0 stem cells (BCSCs). Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process known to contribute to @entity3 in @entity5 and it is mainly characterized by loss of @entity5962 expression. The TGF-b signaling pathway has an established role in promoting EMT by down-regulating @entity5962 via a number of transcription factors, such as Twist, @entity4245 and @entity19099 . EMT has also been reported to produce cells with stem cell-like properties. Definition of the exact molecular mechanisms that are involved in the generation of stem cells through EMT could lead to the identification of new potential therapeutic targets and enable the development of more efficient strategies for particular @entity1 groups. In this review we discuss what is known about the relationship between EMT, BCSCs and MDR.

title: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition: what is the impact on XXXX stem cells and drug resistance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity4056 :: ('MESH:D007414', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To measure the cerebral autoregulatory status of the brain tissue supplied by the individual brain-feeding arteries in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity543 (ICA) by using arterial spin-labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and to compare this status with that in healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained. Twenty-three @entity1 (mean age, 69.3 years +/- 8.0 [standard deviation]) with unilateral symptomatic stenosis of the ICA and 20 healthy controls (mean age, 66.8 years +/- 6.3 [standard deviation]) underwent perfusion and flow territory-selective ASL MR imaging before and after intravenous administration of @entity3791 . Cerebrovascular reactivity was measured throughout the brain in the gray matter that is supplied by the individual ICAs and the basilar artery. Data were analyzed with paired and unpaired t tests. RESULTS: In @entity1 with symptomatic stenosis of the ICA, the flow territory of the symptomatic ICA was smaller than that of the asymptomatic ICA. After administration of @entity3791 , a significant increase in cerebral blood flow at the brain tissue level was measured in both control subjects and @entity1 in all perfusion territories. Mean cerebrovascular reactivity values were 35.9% +/- 3.0% (standard error) and 44.6% +/- 3.5% (standard error) in the flow territories of the @entity1 with symptomatic ICAs and those with asymptomatic ICAs, respectively, and 47.9% +/- 3.1% (standard error) in the control subjects. Cerebrovascular reactivity was lower in the flow territory of the symptomatic ICA than in the arteries of control @entity1 (mean difference, -12.0%; 95% confidence interval: -20.7%, -3.3%). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with symptomatic stenosis of the ICA, vasodilatory capacity in the flow territories of the major cerebral arteries can be visualized and quantified at the brain tissue level with ASL MR imaging.

title: Symptomatic XXXX : impairment of cerebral autoregulation measured at the brain tissue level with arterial spin-labeling MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis of the internal carotid artery']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Esophageal dilation often leads to long-lasting relief of @entity1282 in @entity5202 ( @entity5202 ). The aim of this study was to define the effectiveness, safety, and @entity1 acceptance of esophageal dilation in @entity5202 . In addition, we examined the influence of dilation on the underlying esophageal @entity32 . METHODS: Two databases including 681 @entity5202 @entity1 were reviewed. Cohort 1 consisted of @entity1 treated with dilation alone, whereas cohort 2 included @entity1 treated with a combination of dilation and antieosinophilic medication. @entity1 from cohort 1 underwent a prospective histological reexamination and an evaluation using a questionnaire. RESULTS: In total, 207 @entity5202 @entity1 were treated with esophageal dilation, 63 in cohort 1 and 144 in cohort 2. Dilation led to a significant increase in esophageal diameter and to an improvement in @entity1282 in both the cohorts (P<0.001). After dilation, @entity1282 recurred after 23+/-22 months in cohort 1 and 20+/-14 months in cohort 2. No esophageal perforation or major @entity548 occurred. Among the @entity1 surveyed, 74% reported @entity158 after dilation; however, all were agreeable to repeated dilation if required. Eosinophil peak infiltration, eosinophil load, and @entity5202 -associated histological signs were not significantly affected by esophageal dilation. CONCLUSIONS: Esophageal dilation is highly effective in providing long-lasting symptom relief and can be performed safely with a high degree of @entity1 acceptance. However, dilation is associated with @entity158 in most @entity1 and does not influence the underlying inflammatory process. Symptom improvement despite persistence of @entity32 suggests that tissue remodeling contributes substantially to symptom generation in @entity5202 .

title: Esophageal dilation in @entity5202 : effectiveness, safety, and impact on the underlying XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5202 :: ('MESH:D057765', 'Disease') :: ['EoE', 'eosinophilic esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['postprocedural pain', 'retrosternal pain']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: The effects of @entity3774 (PG) have been studied on the transmembrane potentials and contractions in isolated myometrial strips from pregnant @entity35 . The results showed that: 1. The sensitivity of the myometrium to exogenous PG increases from day 19 to day 22 of gestation. 2. The electrical response to PG, at maximally effective doses (10-6 to 10-5 M) consists of a slow depolarization which upon reaching threshold initiates spike discharge. 3. These actions are most pronounced at term (day 22) and are due to a direction of PG on the myometrial cells. 4. D-600 (a @entity16289 derivative of @entity1855 ) abolishes spike discharge and the phasic contractions induced by PG but has no effect on the slow depolarization and the accompanying @entity101 . 5. The slow depolarization is dependent upon the presence of @entity1372 in the external environment and is unaffected by the removal of @entity460 . 6. The spikes (and phasic contractions) are dependent upon the presence of @entity460 in the external environment.

title: Action of prostaglandin, PGF2alpha, on the uterus of the pregnant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in tonic tension']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2alpha']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Basophils express not only high-affinity IgE receptors, but also low-affinity IgG receptors. Which, among these receptors, are expressed by @entity1 basophils is poorly known. Low-affinity IgG receptors comprise @entity222 (FcgammaRIIA, @entity22676 , and FcgammaRIIC) and @entity4071 ( @entity4071 and @entity4070 ). FcgammaRIIA, FcgammaRIIC, and @entity4071 are activating receptors, @entity22676 are inhibitory receptors, @entity4070 are GPI-anchored receptors whose function is poorly understood. Basophils were reported to express FcgammaRII, but not @entity4071 . We aimed at further identifying basophil IgG receptors. Basophils from normal donors and from @entity1 suffering from an @entity272 ( @entity483 ), allergic @entity1576 ( @entity2023 and @entity565 ), or a nonallergic @entity272 ( @entity110 ) were examined. We found that normal basophils contain @entity4071 transcripts and express @entity4070 , but not @entity4071 , which were detected on 24-81% basophils from normal donors and on 12-100% basophils from @entity1 . Noticeably, the proportion of @entity4070 (+) basophils was significantly lower in @entity483 @entity1 than in other subjects. This decreased @entity4071 expression was not correlated with an activated phenotype of basophils in @entity483 @entity1 , although @entity4070 expression was down-regulated upon basophil activation by anti-IgE. Our results challenge the two dogmas 1) that basophils do not express @entity4071 ) that @entity4070 is exclusively expressed by neutrophils. They suggest that a proportion of basophils may be lost during enrichment procedures in which @entity4071 (+) cells are discarded by negative sorting using anti- @entity4071 Abs. They unravel an unexpected complexity of IgG receptors susceptible to modulate basophil activation. They identify a novel systemic alteration in @entity483 .

title: @entity1 basophils express the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored low-affinity IgG receptor @entity4070 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity4071 :: ('2214', 'Gene') :: ['FcgammaRIII', 'FcgammaRIIIA', 'CD16', 'FcgammaRIII and 2']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease', 'allergic skin disease']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['chronic urticaria']

answer: @entity4070 :: (2215,Gene) :: ['CD16B']


abstract: To gain some insight into electrogenic transport processes across the plasma membrane of Madin-Darby @entity235 kidney (MDCK)-cells, continuous measurements of the potential difference across the plasma measurements of the potential difference across the plasma membrane ( @entity1726 ) were made during step changes of extracellular ion composition as well as application of @entity9666 or @entity9942 . During control conditions mimicking in vivo extracellular fluid, @entity1726 approaches -51.5 +/- 0.8 mV (n = 62). Step increase of extracellular @entity972 concentration from 5.4 to 10, to 20 or to 35 mmol/l, depolarizes @entity1726 by +5.5 +/- 0.8 mV (n = 7), by +15.8 +/- 0.5 mV (n = 64) and by +23.8 +/- 1.2 mV (n = 12), respectively. 1 mmol/l barium depolarizes @entity1726 by +19.8 +/- 0.6 mV (n = 38) and abolishes the effect of increasing extracellular @entity972 from 5.4 to 10 mmol/l but not to 35 mmol/l. Ten mumol/l @entity9942 hyperpolarizes @entity1726 to -69.3 +/- 2.9 mV (n = 7). In the presence of @entity9942 , increase of extracellular @entity972 from 5.4 to 20 mmol/l depolarizes @entity1726 by +31.0 +/- 1.0 mV (n = 7). Ouabain depolarizes @entity1726 and reduces the sensitivity of @entity1726 to extracellular @entity972 concentration. Omission of extracellular @entity3157 and @entity544 as well as increase of extracellular @entity3157 at constant @entity544 lead to a hyperpolarization and enhanced sensitivity of @entity1726 to extracellular @entity972 . In the presence of barium, the effects of omitted @entity3157 and @entity544 of MDCK-cells is highly conductive to @entity972 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Electrical properties of Madin-Darby XXXX kidney cells. Effects of extracellular @entity972 and @entity3157 .

entities_list: @entity9942 :: ('MESH:D014634', 'Chemical') :: ['valinomycin']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate the outcome and @entity137 of @entity706 ( @entity706 ) based conditioning regimen for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in @entity2150 ( @entity2150 ) @entity1 who experienced an engraftment failure from prior HSCT or were heavily transfused. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1995 and 2006, 20 @entity2150 @entity1 received @entity706 for conditioning of HSCT. All @entity1 were multi-transfused or had long duration of disease. Fifteen (75%) @entity1 had graft failure from prior HSCT. In 18 (90%) @entity1 , the donors were human leukocyte antigen identical siblings. The stem cell source was the peripheral blood stem cell in 15 (75%) @entity1 . The conditioning regimen was composed of antithymocyte globulin plus @entity706 with a median dose of 750 cGy in 1 fraction. The @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) prophylaxis used @entity205 with @entity1499 . RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 10.8 years, graft failures developed in 6 @entity1 . Among them, 3 @entity1 received their third HSCT to be engrafted finally. The Kaplan-Meier overall survival rate was 85.0% and 83.1% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. The incidence of acute and chronic @entity2132 was 20% and 20%, respectively. None of the @entity1 have developed a @entity5 after HSCT. CONCLUSION: In our study, @entity706 based conditioning in allogeneic HSCT was feasible with acceptable rates of @entity2132 in @entity2150 @entity1 who experienced graft failure from prior HSCT or was at a high risk of graft rejection. We achieved relatively better results of engraftment and survival with a long term follow-up.

title: Total lymphoid irradiation based conditioning for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['TLI', 'total lymphoid irradiation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['severe aplastic anemia', 'SAA']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['severe aplastic anemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To minimize the inflammatory reaction and improve healing, a new modified dermal substitute composed of an atelocollagen, @entity12006 , and amniotic membrane (AM) was applied to full-thickness @entity272 in a @entity1707 . Atelocollagen was extracted from @entity291 skin, and two modified dermal substitutes were generated according to the cross-linking type. METHODS: The AM-collagen dermal substitutes were characterized and compared with currently used dermal substitutes in a @entity1707 skin defect model. There were five experimental groups: dehydrothermal ( @entity587 ) cross-linking atelocollagen with the AM on the top (AM- @entity587 ), @entity587 and chemical cross-linking atelocollagen with the AM on the top (AM- @entity587 /chemical), Terudermis, Integra, and AlloDerm. After 3 3 cm full-thickness @entity272 on the back of a @entity1707 were created, each dermal substitutes dermal substitutes was randomly grafted on the defects. Two weeks after grafting, autologous partial-thickness skin was over-grafted on the neodermis. The take rate of the dermal substitutes, skin, and histological sections were all assessed at 1, 2, and 4 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS: More rapid healing and a higher take rate were evident in the AM- @entity587 and Terudermis groups. Histological examination revealed fewer inflammatory cells and more fibroblast hyperplasia in these two groups. Four weeks after surgery, the amount of newly formed collagen was significantly more appropriate in the AM- @entity587 group. CONCLUSIONS: These observations provide supporting evidence that a newly developed amniotic-collagen dermal substitute may inhibit inflammatory reactions and promote wound healing.

title: Evaluation of an amniotic membrane-collagen dermal substitute in the management of full-thickness @entity272 in a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12006 :: ('MESH:D002809', 'Chemical') :: ['chondroitin-6-sulfate']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin defects']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Increased arterial stiffness, as measured by pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ), is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in the general population. Few studies have examined factors associated with increased @entity122 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . The aim of this study was to determine whether there was a link between @entity122 and clinical variables associated with @entity1144 , in @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGNS AND METHODS: Eight hundred and sixty individuals [mean age (  SD) 69 (  4) years] from the Edinburgh @entity164 2 @entity6 Study, underwent applanation tonometry using a high-fidelity micromanometer. @entity122 was measured by sequentially recording electrocardiogram-gated carotid and femoral artery waveforms. RESULTS: Waist circumference (b=0.10, P<0.01) and waist:hip ratio (b=0.10, P<0.01) were independently associated with @entity122 , but not with BMI. In a stepwise multiple regression model, mean arterial pressure (b=0.26, P<0.01) and age (b=0.23, P<0.01) were strongly associated with @entity122 . The associations between the @entity1144 measures and @entity122 were independent of age, sex, duration of @entity6 and metabolic factors associated with @entity1144 . Duration of @entity6 (b=0.10, P<0.01) and glycated hemoglobin (b=0.09, P<0.01) were also found to be independent predictors of arterial stiffness. Obesity biomarkers such as C-reactive protein, @entity1243 , @entity5 @entity39 factor-a and @entity650 were not associated with arterial stiffness. CONCLUSION: @entity1144 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 was associated with increased arterial stiffness. This association was independent of the conventional factors associated with @entity1144 and further studies are required to identify the mechanisms involved.

title: Metabolic parameters associated with arterial stiffness in older adults with @entity164 2 @entity6 : the Edinburgh @entity164 2 XXXX study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity', 'Central obesity']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity8434 ( @entity8434 , @entity66 ) belongs to the group of the most severe @entity4801 diseases of @entity1 and is caused by metacestodes (larvae) of @entity12047 . @entity235 and other canid mammals are the definitive hosts harbouring the adult stages of the tape worm in their intestines. Proglottids containing eggs are passed in the faeces of the definitive host. The eggs are ingested by intermediate hosts (i.e. @entity742 , @entity291 , @entity1707 etc.), in which the metacestode stage develops. @entity1 are accidental hosts and are infected by ingestion of eggs upon contact with contaminated water, vegetables, fur (of the @entity235 ) or contaminated hands, the subsequently developing metacestodes are usually localized in the liver, the lungs and many other organs. We report on a case of a 57 year old female @entity1 of Turkish origin suffering from a multicystic gluteal lesion diagnosed by CT- and MRT scan. Surgical intervention revealed a subcutaneous hydatid cyst of 15 cm in diameter. Parasitological-serological examinations revealed a highly positive specific antibody level against @entity12047 arc 5 antigen. The surgically resected cysts could be identified as @entity12047 @entity742 (genotype G1). Additionally to the surgical treatment the @entity1 received albendazole postoperatively. Primary subcutaneous @entity8434 without involving @entity1514 or abdominal organs is extremely rare and it has not been reported so far. Since soft tissue @entity5 may resemble hydatid cysts, careful preoperative evaluation is critical for proper handling during surgery to avoid possible anaphylactic reactions or spillage of protoscoleces, particularly when @entity1 are deriving from endemic areas.

title: Primary XXXX in the subcutaneous gluteal region - a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man', 'Humans']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['hydatid disease']

entities_list: @entity742 :: ('9940', 'Species') :: ['sheep strain', 'sheep']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic echinococcosis', 'cystic echinococcosis', 'hydatidosis']

entities_list: @entity12047 :: ('6210', 'Species') :: ['E. granulosus', 'Echinococcus granulosus']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic']

answer: @entity8434 :: (MESH:D004443,Disease) :: ['cystic echinococcosis']


abstract: Surgical management with radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy has often been performed in @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) with @entity5 @entity715 infiltrating the inferior vena cava (IVC). We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of IVC resection without venous reconstruction in @entity1 with @entity1358 and IVC @entity715 at our institution. Eight @entity1 with right @entity1358 underwent radical nephrectomy and IVC resection superior to the level of the renal vein without venous reconstruction from August 2005 to February 2015. Thoracotomy, liver mobilization, and extracorporeal circulation were performed based on the IVC @entity715 level. We assessed surgical outcomes, perioperative complications, and survival. At presentation, four @entity1 had level IIIa IVC @entity715 , three had level IIIb IVC @entity715 , and one had level IV IVC @entity715 . Perioperative imaging showed that three of the four @entity1 who underwent neoadjuvant molecular targeting therapy achieved down-staging of the @entity5 @entity715 level. The median operative time @entity36051 min, and the median estimated @entity190 was 3,135 ml. With regard to IVC resectionassociated perioperative complications, one @entity1 needed extracorporeal circulation with IVC ligation and Pringle maneuver owing to low blood pressure. Another @entity1 underwent temporary hemodialysis for 8 days after surgery. There were no perioperative @entity204 , and none of the @entity1 required permanent hemodialysis. Three @entity1 survived the mean observation period of 25 months, including one @entity1 with no recurrence. Three @entity1 achieved long-term survival of more than 2 years. IVC resection without venous reconstruction may be a feasible option for @entity1 with @entity1358 and IVC @entity5 @entity715 . Further study is needed to determine the most appropriate candidates for this procedure.

title: [Outcome of Resection of Inferior Vena Cava Superior to the Renal XXXX with Vena Caval Tumor @entity715 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Vein in Renal Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: @entity665 was injected into young @entity35 (age 7 days) in such a way as to be incorporated into the nuclei of all cells that were synthesizing DNA during a period of 22 hours. Specimens of the skin of the back and the pinna of the ear were taken at intervals from one to 112 days after injection of the @entity665 . The mast cells were stained with Alcian blue, and autoradiographs were prepared. The nuclei were counterstained with alum-brazilin. Making due allowance for growth of the animals, and for shrinkage due to histological preparation, the total numbers of mast cells in the dorsal skin and in the pinna were determined. The numbers of mast cells containing @entity665 were calculated from the proportions of those cells found to have radioactive nuclie. Using these data, the rates of appearance of labelled mast cells, and of decline in their numbers with time were determined for both regions of skin. No mitotic figures were seen in any mast cells. It is concluded that mast cells arise by the division of agranular precursor cells of unknown identity. The characteristic cytoplasmic granules appear to be produced by the daughter cells during the 24-48 hours following premitotic replication of DNA in the precursors. The differentiated cells have half-lives of 4-9 days in the skin of the back and 7-20 days in the external ear. All the labelled mast cells had disappeared after 28 days in the back and after 84 days in the ear. Comparison of these findings with the results of other investigators suggests that the mast cells produced early in life have much shorter life spans than do most of the mast cells present in adult @entity35 , The longer life span found in the pinna may account for the greater density of the cells there than in the back. This regional difference may reflect the greater need for mast cells in a region which is more susceptible to adverse environmental influences.

title: Production and life span of cutaneous mast cells in young XXXX .

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine', 'Tritiated thymidine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study attempts to determine whether stapled side-to-side @entity254 , compared with handsewn end-to-end @entity254 , results in decreased recurrence of @entity30 following ileocolic resection. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity30 who underwent an ileocolic resection were randomized to side-to-side @entity254 or end-to-end @entity254 . Colonoscopy was performed at 12 months. The primary outcome was endoscopic recurrence, while the secondary outcome was symptomatic recurrence (defined as symptoms attributable to @entity30 and severe enough to warrant treatment, plus endoscopic disease recurrence). RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-nine subjects were included in the efficacy analysis. After a mean follow-up of 11.9 months, the endoscopic recurrence rate was 42.5 percent in the end-to-end @entity254 group, compared with 37.9 percent in the side-to-side @entity254 group (-4.6 percent difference; 95 percent confidence interval -21.0 to 11.9 percent; P = 0.55). The symptomatic recurrence rate was 21.9 percent in the end-to-end @entity254 group, compared with 22.7 percent in the side-to-side @entity254 group (+0.8 percent difference; 95 percent confidence interval -13.2 to 15.3 percent; P = 0.92). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, previous resections were predictive of a higher risk of both endoscopic (odds ratio 1.78; 95 percent confidence interval 1.06 to 2.90; P = 0.028) and symptomatic (odds ratio 2.0; 95 percent confidence interval 1.14 to 3.60; P = 0.0016) recurrence. Compliance with postoperative maintenance therapy was predictive of a lower risk of symptomatic recurrence (odds ratio 0.13, 95 percent confidence interval 0.01 to 0.78; P = 0.021). CONCLUSION: Recurrence rates are similar whether end-to-end @entity254 or side-to-side @entity254 is performed.

title: Recurrence of XXXX after ileocolic resection is not affected by anastomotic type: results of a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: 1. The membrane properties of substantia nigra pars compacta neurones were studied using an in vitro slice preparation of @entity840 midbrain. 2. Neurones were divided into two classes based on their electrophysiological properties: bursting neurones displayed a burst of several rapidly accommodating action potentials in response to relaxation of hyperpolarizing current injected through the microelectrode, while non-bursting neurones produced regularly spaced action potentials. These neuronal types were found to be electrophysiologically distinct from those recorded in the substantia nigra pars reticulata and the subthalamic nucleus. 3. Non-bursting neurones, which comprised ca 85% of the sampled cells, were characterized by a slow, pacemaker pattern of firing at rest, broad action potentials, a pronounced spike after-hyperpolarization, long membrane time constants, and strong transient outward and time-dependent inward rectification. 4. Bursting neurones, comprising ca 15% of the sample, displayed rapid firing rates at rest, fast action potentials, a shallow spike after-hyperpolarization and briefer membrane time constants. All of these parameters were significantly different from those of the non-bursting type. Bursting neurones lacked transient outward or time-dependent inward rectification. 5. Both types of cells were capable of generating pronounced @entity460 -dependent, low-threshold spikes in the presence of @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ). However, only the non-bursting type displayed @entity460 -dependent @entity1021 in membrane potential near resting potential in the presence of @entity4524 . The firing rate, action potential shape and after-hyperpolarization of non-bursting neurones were strongly influenced by @entity460 -dependent currents. 6. The majority of cells were injected with @entity18663 , which allowed morphological reconstruction of the neurones and confirmation of their location within the pars compacta. Non-bursting neurones had variable soma shapes and their dendrites were mostly directed in a medio-lateral direction. Many cells extended some of their dendrites into the pars reticulata. Bursting neurones were mainly fusiform in shape with their dendrites oriented in a medio-lateral direction; a few had dendrites extending into the pars reticulata. 7. Thirty-six neurones were also double labelled using a combination of biocytin or Lucifer Yellow injection with @entity669 hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry. Non-bursting neurones all displayed TH immunofluorescence, while none of the bursting neurones were TH positive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Electrophysiology of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neurones of the XXXX substantia nigra pars compacta in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity1021 :: ('MESH:D020922', 'Disease') :: ['rhythmic oscillations']

entities_list: @entity18663 :: ('CHEBI:27870', 'Chemical') :: ['biocytin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: PURPOSE: Antibiotic use is a modifiable driver of antibiotic resistance. In many circumstances, antibiotic use is overly broad or unnecessary. We systematically assessed factors associated with antibiotic prescribing for @entity1729 ( @entity1729 ). METHODS: Studies were included if they used used actual (not self-reported or intended) prescribing data, assessed factors associated with antibiotic prescribing for RTIs, and performed multivariable analysis of associations. We searched Medline, Embase, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts using keyword and MeSH search terms. Two authors reviewed each abstract and independently appraised all included texts. Data on factors affecting antibiotic prescribing were extracted. RESULTS: Our searches retrieved a total of 2848 abstracts, with 97 included in full-text review and 28 meeting full inclusion criteria. Comparatively, the diagnosis of acute @entity3617 was associated with increased antibiotic prescribing (range of adjusted odds ratios [aOR] 1.56-15.9). Features on physical exam such as fever, purulent sputum, abnormal respiratory exam, and tonsillar exudate were also associated with higher odds of antibiotic prescribing. @entity1 desire for an antibiotic was not associated or modestly associated with prescription (range of aORs 0.61-9.87), in contrast to physician perception of @entity1 desire for antibiotics, which was associated more strongly (range of aORs 2.11-23.3). CONCLUSIONS: Physician's perception of @entity1 desire for antibiotics was strongly associated with antibiotic prescribing. Antimicrobial stewardship programs should continue to expand in the outpatient setting, and should emphasize clear and direct communication between @entity1 and physicians, as well as signs and symptoms that do, and do not, predict @entity1729 .

title: Systematic Review of Factors Associated with Antibiotic Prescribing for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections', 'RTI', 'bacterial etiology of upper respiratory tract infections']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['Respiratory Tract Infections']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to determine the statistical significance of thresholds of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and ADC ratios in grading @entity13 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 51 @entity1 with histopathologically confirmed primary @entity13 who had undergone conventional MR imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced T2*-weighted perfusion MR imaging and diffusion MR imaging were included. A retrospective blinded analysis of the imaging findings including the perfusion and diffusion parameters was done. The rCBV measurements were obtained from regions of maximum perfusion. Minimum ADC values were obtained from the region of maximum hypointensity within the @entity5 and from the corresponding opposite white matter. @entity5 grade determined with the two methods were then compared with the histopathologic grade. Mann-Whitney tests were performed to compare the DWI and PWI between @entity5 types. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed to determine optimum thresholds for @entity5 grading and also to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 , and NPV for identifying high-grade @entity11 . RESULTS: Statistical analysis demonstrated a threshold value of 2.91 for rCBV to provide sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 , and NPV of 94.7, 93.75, 90.0, and 96.8%, respectively, in determining high-grade @entity11 . An ADC value of 98.50 mm(2)/s was defined as a threshold below which @entity5 were classified as high-grade @entity11 and a sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 , and NPV of 90, 87.1, 81.81 and 93.10% respectively, were obtained. Significant differences were noted in the rCBV ratios, ADC and ADC ratios between low- and high-grade @entity11 (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Combining PWI and DWI with conventional MR imaging increases the accuracy of pre-operative imaging grading of @entity66 . The rCBV measurements had the most superior diagnostic performance in predicting @entity11 grade. Absolute ADC values or ADC ratios were also helpful in preoperative grading of @entity11 . Threshold values can be used in a clinical setting to evaluate @entity5 preoperatively for histologic grade and provide a means for guiding treatment and predicting postoperative @entity1 outcome.

title: XXXX grading: sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of diffusion and perfusion imaging.

entities_list: @entity13 :: ('MESH:C564230', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral gliomas']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glial neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['Glioma']


abstract: Management of large bone defects in @entity348 ( @entity348 ) usually has involved modular prostheses with metal augments, structural allografts, and megaprostheses. We retrospectively reviewed the outcome of treatment of major bone defects for 74 @entity1 (79 knees) who had revision TKAs with structural allografts; nine @entity1 were lost to followup before 5 years, leaving 65 @entity1 (70 knees, or 88%) followed for a minimum of 5 years or until revision or @entity204 . Medical records, radiographs, @entity1 surveys, and correspondence were used for all data. Sixteen @entity1 (22.8%) had failed reconstructions and underwent additional revision surgery; eight of the 16 were secondary to allograft failure, three were secondary to failure of a component not supported by allograft, and five were secondary to infection. In @entity1 not requiring revision surgery, the Knee Society score improved from 49 preoperatively to 87 postoperatively. We observed revision-free survival of 80.7% (95% confidence interval, 71.7-90.8) at 5 years and 75.9% (95% confidence interval, 65.6-87.8) at 10 years. Our data support the selective use of structural allograft for large @entity154 encountered during @entity348 . However, the rates of complications and reoperations suggest efforts to improve results or develop more durable alternative methods are warranted for these challenging reconstructions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Limitations of structural allograft in revision XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['cavitary defects']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total knee arthroplasty', 'TKA']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['total knee arthroplasty']


abstract: Contributions made by several laboratories in the area of @entity6649 virulence and its relationship to @entity358 will be reviewed briefly. @entity651 and subsequent disease, after infection with A. pleuropneumoniae, can be related to various bacterial toxins and host factors. Similar to other gram-negative bacteria. A. pleuropneumoniae has cell wall lipopolysaccharides which have been incriminated in a wide variety of @entity137 and tissue damaging processes. Virulent isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae have been shown to have a thick capsule whereas some avirulent isolates have a thin and easily removed capsule. The capsule of A. pleuropneumoniae is a linear unbranched polysaccharide composed of repeating dissaccharide subunits that bestow antiphagocytic properties to the bacterium but are also immunogenic. In addition, A. pleuropneumoniae has several chemically defined exotoxins. These toxins have generally been shown to be proteinaceous molecules that are hemolytic, cytotoxic, or edemogenic. Some of these toxins are proteolytic and others have the putative activity of being lytic for secretory IgA. Several of these molecules are capable of inducing lesions that are similar to those observed in natural @entity281 . Endogenous host factors have also been implicated in the development of @entity358 after infection by A. @entity5390 and inflammatory pathways have been demonstrated to be pivotal in the early phases of lesion development. In addition, the immune status of the animal is clearly related to the severity and ultimate outcome of A. @entity281 . To adequately treat and prevent this disease, we must understand the distinguishable interactions that occur between the host and the various molecular virulence attributes of A. pleuropneumoniae.

title: @entity6649 : molecular aspects of virulence and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6649 :: ('715', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['Lung injury']

entities_list: @entity5390 :: ('MESH:D011001', 'Disease') :: ['pleuropneumoniae Coagulation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections and disease', 'pleuropneumoniae infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease', 'lung lesions']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['pulmonary injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4097 are highly malignant and often lead to @entity912 and @entity204 due to their infiltrative nature, high recurrence rate and limited treatment options. In this study, we measured antitumour efficacy of the @entity2491 @entity28340 @entity5 -targeting bacterium strain, administered systemically or intrathecally, to @entity5 in orthotopic @entity19 models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tumour fragments of U87-RFP were implanted by surgical orthotopic implantation into the dorsal site of the spinal cord. Five and 10 days after transplantation, eight @entity19 in each group were treated with @entity28340 (2 x 10(7) CFU/200 microL i.v. injection or 2 x 10(6) CFU/10 microL intrathecal injection). RESULTS: Untreated @entity19 showed progressive @entity912 beginning at day 6 after @entity5 transplantation and developed complete @entity912 between 18 and 25 days. @entity19 treated i.v. with @entity28340 had onset of @entity912 at approximately 11 days and at 30 days; five @entity19 developed complete @entity912 , while the other three @entity19 had partial @entity912 . @entity19 treated by intrathecal injection of @entity28340 had onset of @entity912 at approximately 18 days and one @entity19 was still not paralysed at day 30. Only one @entity19 developed complete @entity912 at day 30 in this group. Intrathecally treated animals had a significantly better survival than the i.v. treated group as well as over the control group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity2491 @entity28340 monotherapy can effectively treat @entity602 .

title: Targeted therapy of @entity602 with a genetically modified XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['S. typhimurium', 'Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord glioma']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord tumours']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity2491 :: (90371,Species) :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Since the introduction of pandemic H1N1 2009 virus (pdmH1N1) in @entity1707 , the status of Thai @entity1707 influenza virus ( @entity17491 ) has changed. The pdmH1N1 and its reassortant viruses have become the predominant strain circulating in the Thai @entity1707 population based on the surveillance data from 2012 to 2014. For this reason, the reference viruses for serological assays using the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test needed to be updated. Six anti-sera against reference viruses from 2006 to 2009 (enH1N1-06, enH1N1-09, enH1N2-09, pdmH1N1-09, enH3N2-07 and enH3N2-09) were used for the HI test with four contemporary viruses (enH1N1-10, pdmH1N1-10, rH1N2 and rH3N2) and the selected reference viruses were tested with sera collected from the field to determine the current @entity17491 status. The results showed that anti-sera of swH1N1-06 had the highest titers against enH1N1-10. Anti-sera of pdmH1N1-09 had the highest titers against pdmH1N1-10 and rH1N2, whereas, anti-sera of enH3N2-09 had the highest titers against rH3N2. The results demonstrated that enH1N1-06, pdmH1N1-09 and enH3N2-09 should be selected as reference viruses for contemporary serological studies and HI tests. The seroprevalence results from 410 samples revealed enH1N1 (37.79%), pdmH1N1 (37.32%) and H3N2 (35.86%), respectively. The present study indicated that pdmH1N1 was widespread and commonly found in the Thai @entity1707 population increasing the risk of novel reassortant viruses and should be added as a reference virus for HI test. @entity17491 surveillance program and serological studies should be conducted for the benefits of @entity17491 control and prevention as well as monitoring for zoonotic potential.

title: Determination of current reference viruses for serological study of XXXX influenza viruses after the introduction of pandemic 2009 H1N1 (pdmH1N1) in Thailand.

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Molecular characterization of @entity1358 may help differentiate benign @entity1637 from @entity1358 subtypes and predict @entity3 . Chemokines, eg @entity687 and chemokine receptors such as @entity436 and 7, promote @entity32 and @entity3 . @entity1570 is a @entity436 and 7 ligand with 6 known isoforms. We evaluated the expression of these chemokines and chemokine receptors in kidney specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction we measured mRNA levels of @entity687 , @entity436 and 7, and @entity1570 isoforms a, b and y in a total of 166 specimens from 86 @entity1 , including 86 @entity5 samples and 80 matched normal kidney samples. Mean    SD followup was 18.9    12 months (median 19.5). @entity1358 specimens included the clear cell, papillary and chromophobe subtype in 65, 10 and 5 cases, respectively, and @entity1637 in 6. A total of 17 cases were positive for @entity3 . RESULTS: Median @entity436 and 7, and SFD1-y levels were increased twofold to tenfold. @entity1570 -a and b were unchanged or lower in @entity1358 and @entity5 than in normal tissue. Median @entity1570 -y, @entity687 , and @entity436 and 7 were increased threefold to fortyfold in chromophobe @entity5 compared to @entity1637 . @entity436 and 7 were increased in @entity5 less than 4 cm (mean 3,057    2,230 and 806    691) compared to @entity1637 (336    325 and 201    281, respectively, p  <=0.016). On multivariate analysis @entity436 (p = 0.01), @entity4112 (p = 0.02) and @entity1570 -b (p = 0.005) were independently associated with @entity3 . Combined @entity4112 plus @entity1570 -a and @entity4112 plus @entity687 markers showed the highest sensitivity (71% to 81%) and specificity (75% to 80%) of all individual or combined markers. CONCLUSIONS: Chemokines and chemokine receptors differentiate @entity1358 and @entity1637 . Combined @entity1570 -a plus @entity4112 and @entity687 plus @entity4112 markers have about 80% accuracy for predicting @entity1358 @entity3 .

title: Chemokine and @entity436 expression in kidney tumors: molecular profiling of histological subtypes and association with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1637 :: ('MESH:D018249', 'Disease') :: ['oncocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'papillary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['malignant renal cell carcinoma', 'renal cell carcinoma', 'Renal cell carcinoma', 'clear cell renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']