abstract: Additional information on host interactions with trypanosomatid membranes was obtained from studies of a monomorphic strain of @entity3177 harvested at peak @entity5895 from intact and lethally irradiated @entity35 . Pellets of trypanosomes were fixed briefly in @entity3584 and processed for thin section electron microscopy or freeze-cleave replicas. Observations of sectioned material facilitated orientation and comparison of details seen in replicas. @entity174 faces of cell body and flagellar membranes as well as 3-dimensional views of the nuclear membrane were studied. Cell body membranes of 80% of the organisms from intact @entity35 contained random arrays of intramembranous particles (IMP). Aggregated clusters of particles appeared on the @entity174 faces of 20% of the trypanosomes. Some of these membranes had nonrandomly distributed particles aligned in distinct rows on the outer @entity174 face of both cell body and flagellum. Many inner face fractures of the cell body membranes had a particle arrangement similar to the longitudinal alignment of cytoskeletal microtubules. No aggregated particle distribution was seen in membranes of trypanosomes harvested from lethally irradiated @entity35 . Replicas of trypanosome pellets also had plasmanemes as a series of attached, empty, coated membrane vesicles. These structures were found in close association with, as well as widely separated from the parasites. The shedding of these vesicles and the variation of particles in cell body membranes are discussed in light of antibody-induced architectural and antigenic changes in surface properties of trypanosomatids. The convex face of the inner membrane of the nucleus also is covered with randomly arrayed particles. More IMP were observed on the inner than on the outer nuclear membranes. Images of nuclear pores were also seen. The importance of these structures in drug and developmental studies of trypanosomes is discussed. On @entity174 faces of the flagellar membrane there were miniature maculae adherentes, unique to the inner @entity174 face and occurring only at regions of membrane apposition between cell body and flagellum. Each cluster of particles exposed by the freeze-cleave method corresponds to an electron-dense plaque seen in thin section images. However, because of a unique @entity174 pattern, these plaques were not revealed on the apposing body membranes, as illustrated in thin sectioned organisms.

title: Variation in intramembrane components of @entity3177 from intact and x-irradiated XXXX : a freeze-cleave study.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity3177 :: ('5691', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma brucei']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The cure rate of operable @entity2 and locally advanced @entity135 remains suboptimal, with a limited rate of local control despite improvements in the surgical @entity5 and in methods for mediastinal lymph node dissection, in particular. The efficacy of adjuvant therapy, such as EBRT, has improved, and the immediate efficacy of new chemotherapeutic drugs is increasingly significant, although local recurrences remain frequent. Locoregional failure is not uncommon in upper aerodigestive tract @entity5 . Factors limiting radiocurability for locally advanced (stage III) @entity2 include mediastinal intolerance of irradiation (high risk of mediastinal @entity82 , which increases exponentially when levels of much more than 50 Gy are administered to the whole mediastinum) and the very high radiosensitivity of the healthy lung, which can develop @entity82 with relatively small or moderate doses starting at 18 to 20 Gy, and even more frequently when larger volumes are irradiated. @entity135 are less difficult sites in which to administer doses of up to 70 Gy of external beam radiotherapy initially, but, like locoregionally recurrent @entity2 , they are not easily reirradiated with tumoricidal doses of EBRT. For these reasons, IORT seems to be a good option for increasing local control, because areas of [figure: see text] residual microscopic disease may be irradiated using IOERT approaches without affecting critical organs to the same extent. In addition, careful @entity1 selection is paramount. Combined modality treatment regimens incorporating IORT may benefit @entity1 with locally advanced disease. The ability of IORT to sterilize microscopic residual disease can enhance the "completeness" of resection and thus, theoretically, improve local control. Although @entity66 remains by far the overriding issue, as newer effective agents emerge, local failure will continue to be a problem. Preliminary studies have demonstrated that IORT can be administered to @entity1 who have locally advanced NSCLC and @entity135 , in the context of aggressive combined modality therapy, and is generally well tolerated. Long-term efficacy and benefit can only be determined in the setting of carefully designed clinical trials. (See the article by Thomas and Merrick elsewhere in this issue for further discussion of this topic.) Several relatively small, single-institution pilot studies exploring the utility and benefit of IORT for locally advanced upper aerodigestive tract @entity5 have been conducted. Clear conclusions have been difficult to determine because of the mixing of disease stages, varying degrees and completeness of surgical resection, varying radiation doses, different schemas, and other factors. Yet, given the major morbidity and mortality associated with locally recurrent @entity2 , methods of improving local control need to be pursued and refined. Encouraging preliminary data suggest that IOERT can be safely administered and may benefit local control. Based on several centers' expertise in the combined modality treatment of locally advanced @entity2 and familiarity with IORT, the UCSF Thoracic Oncology Program has proposed a multicenter phase 2 study incorporating IORT in a combined multimodality treatment schema for @entity1 who have completely resected locally advanced stage IIIA and IIIB NSCLC (nonpleural effusion, non-N3) (Fig. 1). It is hoped that this study will commence in the upcoming year.

title: Intraoperative radiation therapy in the multimodality approach to upper aerodigestive tract XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'Head and neck neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['distant disease dissemination']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of primary tumors', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'lung cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The MR findings in eight @entity1 with intracranial manifestations of @entity2916 are reported. There were @entity75 in seven @entity1 and @entity1897 (i.e., cortical and subcortical) in all @entity1 . All lesions were supratentorial. We emphasize two findings that have not been previously stressed. The signal intensity patterns of the @entity75 varied from @entity1 to @entity1 , but in all @entity1 receiving intravenous contrast medium, the majority of these lesions enhanced. Although this finding may signify early breakdown of the blood-brain barrier with potential for lesion growth, the high frequency of enhancement challenges earlier concepts of equating this phenomenon with existence of actively growing giant cell @entity816 . The @entity1897 were more numerous than @entity75 . These lesions were nearly always hyperintense in the proton density weighted and T2-weighted images. Most notable is the fact that, in half of the lesions, signal intensity was also elevated in the T1-weighted image, an observation that has not been emphasized in previous reports. Although not pathologically confirmed this signal pattern may represent early stages of calcification within these lesions. Finally, unlike @entity75 , none of the @entity1897 showed contrast enhancement.

title: Pre- and postcontrast MR studies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['subependymal lesions']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral lesions']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

answer: @entity2916 :: (MESH:D014402,Disease) :: ['tuberous sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prior studies, utilizing interview-based assessments, suggest that most of the genetic risk factors for @entity734 ( @entity734 ) are non-specific with a minority acting specifically on risk for abuse of particular psychoactive substance classes. We seek to replicate these findings using objective national registry data. METHODS: We examined abuse of cannabis, stimulants (including @entity2072 ) and sedatives ascertained from national Swedish registers in male-male monozygotic (1720 pairs) and dizygotic twins (1219 pairs) combined with near-age full siblings (76,457 pairs) to provide sufficient power. Modeling was performed using Mx. RESULTS: A common pathway model fitted better than an independent pathway model. The latent liability to @entity734 was highly heritable but also influenced by shared environment. Cannabis, stimulant and sedative abuse all loaded strongly on the common factor. Estimates for the total heritability for the three forms of @entity734 ranged from 64 to 70%. Between 75 and 90% of that genetic risk was non-specific, coming from the common factor with the remainder deriving from substance specific genetic risk factors. By contrast, all of the shared environmental effects, which accounted for 18-20% of the variance in liability, were non-specific. CONCLUSIONS: In accord with prior studies based on personal interviews, the large preponderance of genetic risk factors for abuse of specific classes of psychoactive substance are non-specific. These results suggest that genetic variation in the primary sites of action of the psychoactive drugs, which differ widely across most drug classes, play a minor role in @entity1 individual differences in risk for @entity734 .

title: A population-based Swedish Twin and Sibling Study of cannabis, stimulant and sedative abuse in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['DA', 'drug abuse', 'substance abuse']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1118 is a common disorder with a high prevalence of @entity146 that imposes a worse prognosis on both conditions. @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ) is estimated to be the fourth most prevalent life time @entity146 , but yet has gained less attention in @entity1118 comorbidity researches. METHODS: Ninety three heterogeneous @entity1118 @entity1 who attended a @entity158 clinic in Tehran (Iran) in an outpatient setting during three months were included in this study. Diagnosis was made by @entity922 ( @entity922 ). RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 46.37 (SD 15.005) years; of the @entity1 , 66.7% were female and 33.3% were male. The mean duration of @entity158 was 34.43 (SD 51.422) months. The mean @entity158 severity on numerical @entity158 scale was 5.82 (SD 1.950) from 10. The mean @entity158 site number was 3.68 (SD 3.401) from the maximum of 27 places. Furthermore, 61.3% of the @entity1 were diagnosed with lifetime @entity3119 , 25.8% with subclinical @entity3119 and 61.5 % with @entity308 ( @entity308 ). @entity3119 diagnosis was not correlated with @entity308 or @entity158 intensity. Female gender was associated with @entity3119 ( @entity5771 ; 4.182, 95% CL (1.655-10.568)). @entity158 intensity was correlated with @entity308 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of @entity3119 was comorbidity, independent of @entity308 and most @entity158 characteristics. The high prevalence of @entity3119 may be explained by the high rate of undiagnosed cause of @entity158 as well as cultural and local factors. Using screening tests is suggested for tackling under diagnosis and under treatment of @entity3119 and @entity308 .

title: The high prevalence of @entity3119 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['OCD', 'Obsessive compulsive disorder']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the following study is to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a compound Unani formulation in @entity407 on clinical and biochemical parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 90 @entity1 with total @entity165 level of 220 mg/dl and above were included. In Group 'A' thirty @entity1 with total @entity165 243.5    5.294 mg/dl received Unani formulation safoof-e-muhazzil (SM) in its classical powder form 5 g twice daily orally, in Group 'B' thirty @entity1 with total @entity165 234    3.822 mg/dl received the SM but in compressed tablet form in the same dosage and in Group 'C' 30 @entity1 with total @entity165 242.7    5.563 mg/dl received @entity2993 10 mg as a standard control. Follow-up was carried out on second, fourth and 6th week and @entity1 were evaluated on clinical as well as biochemical parameters. RESULTS: Group A before treatment had mean total @entity165 of 243.5    5.294 mg/dl which decreased significantly after treatment to 225.6    5.953 mg/dl (P < 0.001) with a percentage change of 7.35%. Group B had mean total @entity165 of 234    3.822 mg/dl which was significantly reduced to 212.67    3.94 mg/dl (P < 0.001) post-treatment with a percentage change of 9.11%. Control Group C having mean total @entity165 of 242.7    5.563 mg/dl before treatment was significantly decreased to 178.73    4.669 mg/dl (P < 0.001) post-treatment with a percentage change of 26.3%. Group A had significant relief 20.72% (P < 0.001) in fatigue, 16.09% (P > 0.5) relief in palpitation and 26.17% (P < 0.001) relief in @entity1353 post-treatment. Group B fatigue decreased significantly by 18.14% (P < 0.01), palpitation by 22.91% (P < 0.01) and @entity1353 by 20.46% (P < 0.01). In Group C a non-significant increase of 2.2% was observed in fatigue post-treatment, palpitation decreased by 10.22% non-significantly and @entity1353 decreased significantly by 17.64% (P < 0.001). Results indicate that the test drug safely and effectively ameliorates the clinical condition of @entity1 with @entity407 while decreasing @entity165 level as well.

title: Evaluation of a classical unani pharmacopeial formulation safoof-e-muhazzil in XXXX : A randomized, standard controlled clinical study.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity407 :: (MESH:D006949,Disease) :: ['hyperlipidemia']


abstract: Thymus lobes from 14 day-old @entity19 embryos cultured submerged in r- @entity2047 generated a mixture of @entity3414 +/ @entity1961 - and CD8-/ @entity1961 - gamma delta @entity12810 expressing cells (Ceredig et. al. 1989). Based upon Northern analysis with @entity12810 constant region probes, no alpha beta T cells could be identified in these cultures. Submerged lobes also showed responsiveness to @entity10191 . In contrast, when cultured at an air liquid interface as organ cultures (OC), most cells appeared to express alpha beta @entity12810 (Ceredig 1988). Thus depending on the mode of culture, fetal thymus lobes generate predominantly gamma delta or alpha beta T cells; it is unclear how this difference is regulated. Previous phenotypic and functional experiments suggested that gamma delta T cells may be present in OC. In order to study gamma delta T cells in both submerged lobe and OC, we have carried out three colour flow microfluorimetric analysis of gamma delta @entity12810 , abTcR, @entity5168 , J11d and @entity3415 expression by subpopulations of @entity3414 and @entity1961 defined thymocytes. In addition, using V gamma-specific oligonucleotides and the polymerase chain reaction, we have begun identifying and sequencing the V gamma repertoire of gamma delta T cells in these @entity19 fetal thymus cultures.

title: Culture conditions dictate whether XXXX fetal thymus lobes generate predominantly gamma/delta or alpha/beta T cells.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Objective: To evaluate the performance of self-report against the reference standard of clinically-defined @entity2521 in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and @entity571 ( @entity571 ) @entity1 after accounting for factors associated with @entity2521 . Methods: Six self-report @entity2521 questions were evaluated in @entity309 and @entity571 @entity1 . Questions were validated against a reference standard of severe and moderate-to-severe @entity2521 based on full-mouth examination. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the performance of: 1) self-report alone; 2) age, sex, education, and smoking status; and 3) a combination of the above. Model performance was assessed using the c-statistic. Convergent validity of self-reported ' @entity604 /deep pockets' and 'loose teeth' was assessed; associations of self-report with @entity309 disease characteristics were explored. Results: Self-report performed similarly in @entity309 and @entity571 , with individual specificity for @entity2521 >=  68% and sensitivity between 9.8% and 45%. Question-only models yielded c-statistics of 0.66-0.72 while risk factor-only models yielded c-statistics of 0.74-0.79. The highest performing models incorporated both self-report questions and @entity2521 risk factors with c-statistics >=  0.79. Greater @entity604 was observed among @entity1 reporting ' @entity604 or deep pockets' (p < 0.001) and 'loose teeth' (p < 0.001). Among @entity309 @entity1 , 'loose teeth', but not other self-report items, was associated with rheumatoid factor positivity (p = 0.047) and higher disease activity (p < 0.001). Conclusion: @entity1 self-report, when combined with other risk factors, performs well in identifying @entity2521 among @entity1 with @entity309 and @entity571 . Self-report questions related to alveolar @entity604 exhibit excellent convergent validity in these @entity1 subsets.

title: Performance of Self-Reported Measures for XXXX in @entity309 and @entity571 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss', 'radiographic alveolar bone loss']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['Periodontitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4988 is a long-term risk factor for incident of both @entity583 and @entity712 . We assessed whether serum @entity2313 levels at admission are associated with new-onset @entity712 and in-hospital mortality in @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). The study included 7,192 @entity1 with @entity1187 with no previous history of @entity712 . @entity1 were divided into quartiles according to serum @entity2313 levels (Q1: <= 3.50  g/dl; Q2: 3.51 to 3.80  g/dl; Q3: 3.81 to 4.08  g/dl; and Q4: >4.08  g/dl). Logistic regressions were used to explore the relations among serum @entity2313 quartiles, new-onset @entity712 , and in-hospital mortality. Serum @entity2313 levels were negatively correlated with both high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and white blood cell count at admission. The unadjusted rate for both new-onset @entity712 (37.7%, 20.2%, 14.7%, and 11.4% for Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively; p <0.0001) and in-hospital mortality (9.8%, 3.4%, 2.0%, and 1.7% for Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively; p <0.0001) were higher at lower serum @entity2313 levels. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that serum @entity2313 level <= 3.50  g/dl is an important and independent predictor of both the development of new-onset @entity712 (odds ratio 2.31, 95% CI 1.87 to 2.84, p <0.0001) and in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 1.88, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.86, p  = 0.003). In conclusion, @entity2313 level <= 3.50  g/dl is an independent predictor of new-onset @entity712 and in-hospital mortality in @entity1 with @entity1187 . The inflammatory state may be a mechanism underlying @entity4988 in this clinical setting.

title: Prognostic Implications of Serum @entity2313 Levels in @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia', 'Hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['Acute Coronary Syndromes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To encourage treatment of @entity308 and prevention of suicide in physicians by calling for a shift in professional attitudes and institutional policies to support physicians seeking help. @entity1 : An American Foundation for Suicide Prevention planning group invited 15 experts on the subject to evaluate the state of knowledge about physician @entity308 and suicide and barriers to treatment. The group assembled for a workshop held October 6-7, 2002, in Philadelphia, Pa. EVIDENCE: The planning group worked with each @entity1 on a preworkshop literature review in an assigned area. Abstracts of presentations and key publications were distributed to @entity1 before the workshop. After workshop presentations, @entity1 were assigned to 1 of 2 breakout groups: (1) physicians in their role as @entity1 and (2) medical institutions and professional organizations. The groups identified areas that required further research, barriers to treatment, and recommendations for reform. CONSENSUS PROCESS: This consensus statement emerged from a plenary session during which each work group presented its recommendations. The consensus statement was circulated to and approved by all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The culture of medicine accords low priority to physician mental health despite evidence of untreated @entity1316 and an increased burden of suicide. Barriers to physicians' seeking help are often punitive, including discrimination in medical licensing, hospital privileges, and professional advancement. This consensus statement recommends transforming professional attitudes and changing institutional policies to encourage physicians to seek help. As barriers are removed and physicians confront @entity308 and suicidality in their peers, they are more likely to recognize and treat these conditions in @entity1 , including colleagues and medical students.

title: Confronting XXXX and suicide in physicians: a consensus statement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: The tick-borne pathogen @entity4210 causes great concern for livestock farmers. @entity221 is a @entity66 in Norway, and antibodies have been produced amongst @entity742 , roe deer, @entity2498 , and moose. The main vector Ixodes ricinus is found along the Norwegian coastline as far north as the Arctic Circle. A total number of 1804 I. ricinus ticks were collected and the prevalence of the pathogen was determined by species-specific qPCR. The overall infection rate varied from 2.83% to 3.32%, but there were no significant differences (p = 0.01) in the overall infection rate in 2010, 2011, or 2012. A multilocus sequencing analysis was performed to further characterise the isolates. The genotyping of 27 strains resulted in classification into 19 different sequences types (ST), none of which was found in the MLST database. The @entity377 diversity was for every locus <0.01, and the number of SNPs was between 1 and 2.8 per 100   bp. The majority of SNPs were synonymous. A goeBURST analysis demonstrated that the strains from northwest Norway cluster together with other Norwegian strains in the MLST database and the strains that are included in this study constitute clonal complexes (CC) 9, 10, and 11 in addition to the singleton.

title: Prevalence and Diversity among XXXX Strains Originating from Ixodes ricinus Ticks from Northwest Norway.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['widespread disease']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['Tick-borne fever']

entities_list: @entity4210 :: ('948', 'Species') :: ['Anaplasma phagocytophilum']

answer: @entity4210 :: (948,Species) :: ['Anaplasma phagocytophilum']


abstract: @entity2662 ) associated @entity6494 ( @entity6494 ) is endemic in southern Japan, the Caribbean, intertropical Africa, and Brazil. Recently north east Iran, particularly the region of Mashhad, has been recognized as a new endemic region. @entity6494 is an @entity146 . @entity1 with @entity6494 have high plasma levels of @entity7 that induce angiogenesis. Prognosis of @entity6494 remains poor because of immunosuppression and intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy. Important advances in the treatment of @entity6494 were reported with the combination of @entity9611 ( @entity5647 ) and interferon-alpha. We investigated the effect of @entity5647 /IFN treatment on vascular endothelium growth factor ( @entity7 ) plasma levels and @entity2662 proviral load in @entity6494 @entity1 from the region of Mashhad. We confirmed that @entity5647 /IFN treatment induces a high response rate and prolonged survival with minimal side effects. We also confirmed that @entity7 plasma levels and @entity2662 proviral load are higher in @entity6494 @entity1 than in asymptomatic carriers. We finally showed that @entity5647 /IFN treatment reduced both @entity2662 proviral load and importantly @entity7 plasma levels, suggesting a potential antiangiogenic effect of this therapy. These results provide further evidence for the efficacy and the mechanism of action of @entity5647 /IFN therapy for @entity6494 in a developing country.

title: @entity9611 and interferon-alpha treatment induces a high response rate and reduces @entity2662 proviral load and @entity7 plasma levels in XXXX with adult T-cell leukemia from North East Iran.

entities_list: @entity9611 :: ('MESH:D015215', 'Chemical') :: ['zidovudine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder']

entities_list: @entity6494 :: ('MESH:D015459', 'Disease') :: ['ATLL', 'adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2662 :: ('11908', 'Species') :: ['HTLV-I', 'Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to describe the use, as well as perceived effectiveness, of mainstream and @entity4373 ( @entity4373 ) therapies in the treatment of @entity4269 following breast or gynecological @entity5 . Further, the study assessed the relationship between the characteristics of @entity4269 (including type, severity, stability, and duration), and the use of @entity4373 and/or mainstream treatment. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study using a convenience sample of @entity1 with @entity0 . A self-administered questionnaire was sent to 247 potentially eligible @entity1 . Of those returned (50%), 23 were ineligible and 6 were excluded due to level of missing data. RESULTS: In the previous 12 months, the majority of @entity1 (90%) had used mainstream treatments to treat their @entity4269 , with massage being the most commonly used (86%). One (1) in 2 @entity1 had used @entity4373 to treat their @entity4269 , and 98% of those using @entity4373 were also using mainstream treatments. Over 27 types of @entity4373 were reported, with use of a chi machine, @entity270 supplements, yoga, and meditation being the most commonly reported forms. The perceived effectiveness ratings (1-7 with 7=completely effective) of mainstream (mean  standard deviation (SD): 5.3  1.5) and @entity4373 therapies (mean  SD: 5.2+1.6) were considered high. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that mainstream and @entity4373 treatment use is common, varied, and considered to be effective among @entity1 with @entity4269 following breast or gynecological @entity5 . Furthermore, it highlights the immediate need for larger prospective studies assessing the inter-relationship between the use of mainstream and @entity4373 therapies for treatment success.

title: XXXX after breast or gynecological @entity5 : use and effectiveness of mainstream and complementary therapies.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema following breast and gynecological cancers']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4373 :: ('MESH:C536589', 'Disease') :: ['complementary and alternative medicine', 'CAM']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

answer: @entity4269 :: (MESH:D008209,Disease) :: ['Lymphedema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The SPORT (Spine @entity1 Outcomes Research Trial) reported favorable surgery outcomes over 2 years among @entity1 with @entity850 with and without @entity179 , but the economic value of these surgeries is uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To assess the short-term cost-effectiveness of spine surgery relative to nonoperative care for @entity850 alone and for @entity850 with spondylolisthesis. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. DATA SOURCES: Resource utilization, productivity, and EuroQol EQ-5D score measured at 6 weeks and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment among SPORT @entity1 . TARGET POPULATION: @entity1 with image-confirmed @entity612 , with and without @entity179 . TIME HORIZON: 2 years. PERSPECTIVE: Societal. INTERVENTION: Nonoperative care or surgery (primarily decompressive laminectomy for @entity850 and decompressive laminectomy with fusion for @entity850 associated with @entity179 ). OUTCOME MEASURES: Cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. RESULTS OF BASE-CASE ANALYSIS: Among 634 @entity1 with @entity850 , 394 (62%) had surgery, most often decompressive laminectomy (320 of 394 [81%]). @entity850 surgeries improved health to a greater extent than nonoperative care (QALY gain, 0.17 [95% CI, 0.12 to 0.22]) at a cost of  77,600 (CI,  49,600 to  120,000) per QALY gained. Among 601 @entity1 with @entity179 , 368 (61%) had surgery, most including fusion (344 of 368 [93%]) and most with instrumentation (269 of 344 [78%]). Degenerative spondylolisthesis surgeries significantly improved health versus nonoperative care (QALY gain, 0.23 [CI, 0.19 to 0.27]), at a cost of  115,600 (CI,  90,800 to  144,900) per QALY gained. RESULT OF SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS: Surgery cost markedly affected the value of surgery. LIMITATION: The study used self-reported utilization data, 2-year time horizon, and as-treated analysis to address treatment nonadherence among randomly assigned @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The economic value of @entity612 surgery at 2 years compares favorably with many health interventions. Degenerative spondylolisthesis surgery is not highly cost-effective over 2 years but could show value over a longer time horizon.

title: Surgical treatment of @entity612 with and without XXXX : cost-effectiveness after 2 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative spondylolisthesis']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['degenerative spondylolisthesis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Acute @entity385 in the distribution of the anterior @entity5487 (AICA) is known to be associated with vertigo, @entity346 , @entity11583 . Few reports have carefully examined the @entity2319 associated with the @entity6128 . Furthermore, previous neurological reports have not emphasized the inner ear as a localization of @entity2459 . The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of @entity2319 associated with the @entity6128 and the sites predominantly involved in @entity2319 . METHODS: Over 2 years, we prospectively identified 12 consecutive @entity1 with unilateral @entity6128 diagnosed by brain MRI. Pure-tone audiogram, speech discrimination testing, stapedial reflex testing, and auditory brainstem response were performed to localize the site of lesion in the auditory pathways. Electronystagmography was also performed to evaluate the function of the vestibular system. RESULTS: The most common affected site on brain MRI was the middle cerebellar peduncle (n=11). Four @entity1 had vertigo and/or acute auditory symptoms such as @entity393 or @entity392 as an isolated manifestation from 1 day to 2 months before @entity1188 . Audiological testings confirmed @entity1274 in 11 @entity1 (92%), predominantly cochlear in 6 @entity1 , retrocochlear in 1 @entity1 , and combined on the affected side cochlear and retrocochlear in 4 @entity1 . Electronystagmography demonstrated no response to caloric stimulation in 10 @entity1 (83%). CONCLUSIONS: In our series, @entity2459 was an important sign for the diagnosis of @entity6128 . Audiological examinations suggest that @entity2459 in @entity6128 is usually due to dysfunction of the cochlea resulting from @entity63 to the inner ear.

title: XXXX and @entity6128 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden deafness']

entities_list: @entity6128 :: ('MESH:D020243', 'Disease') :: ['AICA infarction']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['inferior cerebellar artery']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity11583 :: ('MESH:D020234', 'Disease') :: ['facial weakness, and gait ataxia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity2459 :: (MESH:D003639,Disease) :: ['Sudden deafness']


abstract: During the past six years, 100 @entity1 with retained biliary tract calculi underwent stone extraction, consisting of manipulation of the ductal system through the sinus tract using a variety of flexible catheters, stone baskets and a specially designed forceps and fiberoptic scope. Thirty-one of the @entity1 were referred from outside the Chicago area and 19 of the total group had previously been operated upon at medical school hospitals. Stone extraction was successful in 96 of the total group. Eighty-five of these extractions were accomplished in one to three sessions, while eight of the @entity1 required four to nine sessions before all of the stones were removed. Forty-five @entity1 had multiple stones; 25, single stones; eight, sludge, fragments, mucus or debris, and no stones could be found in 12. Four @entity1 required reoperation following unsuccessful percutaneous duct manipulation. One of these @entity1 died along with two others who had successful extraction procedures. In two additional @entity1 , duct obstruction recurred requiring reoperation three months and one year after manipulation. A high percentage of @entity1 with retained @entity5990 can be successfully treated without reoperation using these methods. Failures are related to poorly placed T @entity50 or dislodged tubes. Major morbidity and mortality are related to @entity253 and @entity295 . An aggressive approach to infection with urgent nonoperative or operative measures to decompress completely the biliary tree is mandatory to reduce the incidence of major complications in these @entity1 .

title: Results of nonsurgical treatment of retained XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['biliary calculi']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['tubes, tortuous sinus tracts']

answer: @entity5990 :: (MESH:D042882,Disease) :: ['biliary calculi']


abstract: We undertook a study to determine whether moderate exercise modifies the bronchoconstriction produced by @entity9733 ( @entity9734 ) in subjects with mild @entity565 . In 7 subjects, we compared the changes in specific airway resistance (SRaw) produced by 10 min of exercise alone (400 kpm/min on a cycle ergometer), inhalation of @entity9734 alone, and the combination of exercise and @entity9734 . During all studies, a subject breathed @entity9734 and/or air from a mouthpiece. In 6 additional subjects, we compared the increase in SRaw produced by inhalation of @entity9734 during exercise with that produced by eucapnic hyperventilation with @entity9734 . Neither inhalation of 0.05 ppm of @entity9734 at rest nor exercise or hyperventilation alone had any effect on SRaw. Inhalation of @entity9734 during exercise, however, significantly increased SRaw (from 8.46 +/- 3.58 L x cm @entity2507 /L/s (mean +/- SD) to 18.16 +/- 10.05 at 0.05 ppm and from 8.07 +/- 2.69 to 10.48 +/- 4.49 at 0.25 ppm (p less than 0.05)). In the 2 most responsive subjects, inhalation of 0.10 ppm of @entity9734 during exercise also significantly increased SRaw. The SRaw increased by the same amount whether @entity9734 was inhaled during exercise or during eucapnic hyperventilation at the same minute ventilation, but the time course of the increase in SRaw was different. The SRaw was at or near maximal values at the first measurement (30 s) after hyperventilation but not until 2 to 4 min after exercise. When 4 subjects took larger breaths after inhaling @entity9734 during eucapnic hyperventilation to more closely match the volume of the breaths taken after exercise, the time courses of @entity9734 -induced bronchoconstriction after hyperventilation and after exercise were nearly identical. These results suggested that exercise increases the bronchoconstriction produced by a given concentration of @entity9734 in subjects with @entity565 by increasing the minute volume of ventilation and that the delay in bronchoconstriction after exercise is due to the large tidal volumes that persist for some minutes during recovery.

title: Exercise increases XXXX -induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects.

entities_list: @entity9733 :: ('MESH:D013458', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfur dioxide']

answer: @entity9733 :: (MESH:D013458,Chemical) :: ['sulfur dioxide']


abstract: Monotherapy is recommended preferentially among newly diagnosed @entity302 @entity1 . In monotherapy-resistant @entity1 polytherapy may be necessary. Two antiepileptic drugs may produce antagonistic, additive, and supra-additive (synergistic) anticonvulsant effects. The drug combination providing the supra-additive effect seems of clinical significance. However, when the supra-additive anticonvulsant efficacy is also associated by a distinct increase in @entity137 , the protective index may be not affected or even lowered. Synergistic interactions have been shown for the combinations of @entity1092 - @entity3174 / @entity17979 , @entity1771 - @entity2049 / @entity109 and @entity2807 -all major conventional antiepileptics. In contrast, the protective action of conventional antiepileptics has not been affected by @entity2807 at subprotective doses against maximal electroshock in @entity19 . This is indicative that synergism is evident at only some drug ratios. Potential antiepileptic drugs, excitatory @entity535 antagonists and @entity460 channel inhibitors, generally enhanced the protection offered by antiepileptic drugs. The experimental data may be helpful for predicting which drug combinations may prove effective in @entity302 @entity1 .

title: Polytherapy in XXXX : the experimental evidence.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity2807 :: ('MESH:C047360', 'Chemical') :: ['felbamate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity17979 :: ('MESH:D005013', 'Chemical') :: ['ethosuximide']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: @entity1 germ cell @entity5 (GCTs) may have variable histology and clinical behavior, depending on factors such as sex of the @entity1 , age at clinical diagnosis, and anatomical site of the @entity5 . Some types of @entity1777 , i.e., the @entity4797 / @entity3438 / @entity5000 and @entity189 (the stem cell component of nonseminomas), have pluripotent potential, which is demonstrated by their capacity to differentiate into somatic and/or extraembryonic elements. Although @entity189 cells are intrinsically pluripotent, @entity4797 / @entity3438 / @entity5000 cells, as well as their precursor @entity189 in situ/ @entity5712 cells, have the phenotype of early germ cells that can be activated to pluripotency. The other types of @entity1777 ( @entity44 and @entity2970 of @entity1 and newborn, @entity43 , and @entity2969 of elderly) are composed of (fully) differentiated tissues and lack the appearance of undifferentiated and pluripotent stem cells. @entity4729 , a transcription factor also known as @entity4729 and @entity4729 , is involved in regulation of pluripotency during normal development and is detectable in embryonic stem and germ cells. We analyzed the presence of @entity4729 in @entity1777 and other @entity5 types using immunohistochemistry. The protein was consistently detected in @entity189 in situ/ @entity5712 , @entity4797 / @entity3438 / @entity5000 , and @entity189 but not in the various types of differentiated nonseminomas. Multitumor tissue microarray analysis covering >100 different @entity5 categories and 3600 individual cancers verified that @entity4729 expression is specific for particular subtypes of @entity1777 of adults. No protein was observed in @entity1777 of newborn and @entity1 , @entity2969 , and the various @entity5 of nongerm cell origin. In addition, no difference in staining pattern was found in chemosensitive and chemoresistant @entity1777 of adults. These results indicate preservation of the link between @entity4729 and pluripotency, as reported during normal development, after malignant transformation. Therefore, @entity4729 immunohistochemistry is an informative diagnostic tool for @entity1777 and offers new insights into the histological heterogeneity of this @entity5 .

title: @entity4729 ( XXXX ) identifies cells with pluripotent potential in @entity1 germ cell @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Human', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['dermoid cyst of the ovary']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5000 :: ('MESH:D004407', 'Disease') :: ['dysgerminomas', 'dysgerminoma']

entities_list: @entity1777 :: ('MESH:C537296', 'Disease') :: ['pluripotent GCT', 'GCT']

entities_list: @entity2970 :: ('MESH:D018240', 'Disease') :: ['yolk sac tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'embryonal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2969 :: ('MESH:C563236', 'Disease') :: ['spermatocytic seminomas', 'spermatocytic seminoma']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['seminomas', 'seminoma']

entities_list: @entity5712 :: ('MESH:D018238', 'Disease') :: ['gonadoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3438 :: ('MESH:D018237', 'Disease') :: ['germinomas', 'germinoma']

answer: @entity4729 :: (5460,Gene) :: ['OCT3/4']


abstract: High rates of @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ) are sustained in communities by a relatively small group of @entity1 , referred to as the core of transmission. Definitions of the core vary but inevitably include @entity1 who are socially marginalized and who distrust @entity1 in authority, such as public health practitioners and university researchers. Having an effect on a marginalized group usually depends on effective collaboration with @entity1 they trust. Researchers from the University of North Carolina School of Public Health developed a trust-based collaboration with community members of a rural county in North Carolina to implement an STD prevention program that, in turn, relied on trust in local social networks. As part of the STD prevention demonstration project, the research team established a community resource group made up of local African Americans who helped design, implement, and evaluate the intervention. The group identified 21 @entity1 to whom others in the community turned for advice on sex and @entity2953 . These @entity1 were trained as lay health advisors to disseminate information and skills for preventing @entity2953 among their social networks. Through face-to-face structured interviews before and after the intervention, the authors measured improvements in STD treatment and prevention behaviors. The proportion of @entity1 practicing each of the targeted behaviors improved during the evaluation period. In addition to disseminating information through their own social networks, the lay health advisors demonstrated new skills and a desire to interact with local care providers to influence the provision of care for @entity2953 for low-income African Americans in this county. Each @entity1 in the collaboration played a role in establishing or building upon trust with others. These trusting relationships were critical for empowering a marginalized group at high risk for @entity2953 .

title: Trust and collaboration in the prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'participant', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['STDs', 'sexually transmitted diseases']

answer: @entity2953 :: (MESH:D012749,Disease) :: ['sexually transmitted diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of insulin and it's receptor on the kidney of @entity95 with acute @entity63 /reperfusion injury. METHODS: Twenty three @entity95 were allocated randomly into the control group, @entity63 /reperfusion group(IR group), and insulin treatment group(Ins-IR group). The IR group received clamping for 1 h followed by 2 h or 48 h of reperfusion. In the Ins-IR group, insulin injection (Ins 3U/kg, @entity413 1.5 g/kg, K+ 4 mg/kg, Mg2+ 1.7 mg/kg) was administered intravenously twice a day for two days, whereas only normal saline in equal amount was given to the IR group and control group. At 2 h or 48 h after reperfusion, @entity413 and insulin in serum were determined. Rough plasma of renal tissue was prepared by repeated centrifugation. @entity66291 in renal tissue was analyzed by radiologand binding assay. The binding data were calculated according to Scatchard using the ligand program. Statistical significance was analyzed with the paired t-test. RESULTS: The level of blood @entity413 increased after 2 h reperfusion in three groups, but the level in IR group increased much higher than those in control and Ins-IR groups(P < 0.05). The level of serum insulin of IR group after 2 h reperfusion was significantly higher than that of control (P < 0.05). Scatchard analysis showed curvilinear profiles, indicating that there are two classes of receptors with different affinity or the presence of a single class of receptors with a negative cooperative hormone-receptor interaction. Data analyzed by a two-site model showed that the values of Bmax1 (high affinity site), Bmax2 (low affinity site) and Kd1, Kd2 after 2 h reperfusion were significantly lower than those of control (P < 0.05). In IR-Ins group, only Bmax2 decreased (P < 0.05, compared with control). 48 h after IR there was no difference in Bmax1, Kd1 between the 3 groups, but Bmax2 of IR-Ins group was still lower than that of control (P < 0.001) and IR group (P < 0.05). The Kd2 of IR group increased (P < 0.05 compared with control and IR-Ins group). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the effect of intrinsic insulin decreases during @entity8 /reperfusion. The extrinsic insulin can protect renal tissue through its high affinity receptor. There exits down-regulation of low affinity receptor but none of high affinity receptor during insulin treatment.

title: [Study on the insulin and XXXX in the progression of @entity8 and reperfusion].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'Japanese white rabbits']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity66291 :: (100008911(Tax:9986),Gene) :: ['insulin receptor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of chitin micro-particles (CMPs) on the airway inflammation and the cytokine levels of @entity1618 and @entity636 in @entity19 with @entity565 ( @entity565 ). METHODS: Thirty 4- to 6-week-old BALB/c @entity19 were divided into 5 groups based on random number table: healthy control group, @entity13628 control group ( @entity13628 intervention, PBS sensitization and PBS challenge), @entity565 group (PBS intervention, OVA+LPS sensitization and OVA challenge), @entity13628 treatment group ( @entity13628 intervention, OVA+LPS sensitization and OVA challenge), and @entity3784 treatment group ( @entity3784 intervention, OVA+LPS sensitization and OVA challenge). Each group included 6 @entity19 . Twenty four hours (24 h) after the last challenge, airway resistance was @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) and serum were collected, and lung tissue was taken for HE staining. Wright's staining was performed on @entity5173 for white blood cell differential count. The ELISA method was used to determine the content of cytokine @entity636 in @entity5173 and lung tissue homogenate and the content of cytokine @entity1618 in serum. RESULTS: A large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated the surroundings of bronchus and blood vessel in the @entity565 group. The airway inflammation in the @entity13628 treatment group was significantly milder than that in the @entity565 group and the @entity3784 treatment group, but more severe than that in the healthy control group and the @entity13628 control group. The number of @entity5173 neutrophils in the @entity13628 treatment group [(5.1  2.0)*10(5)/ml] was significantly lower than that in the @entity565 group [(9.2  2.0)*10(5)/ml] and the @entity3784 treatment group [(7.9  2.3)*10(5)/ml], but higher than that in the healthy control group [(1.4  0.4)*10(5)/ml] and the @entity13628 control group [(1.5  0.7)*10(5)/ml], the difference being statistically significant (F = 27.1, P < 0.05). The content of @entity1618 in serum in the @entity13628 treatment group increased significantly [(80  16) ng/L], and was higher than that in the @entity565 group [(15  8) ng/L], the healthy control group [(29  10) ng/L], the @entity13628 control group [(28  7) ng/L] and the @entity3784 treatment group [(18  10) ng/L] (F = 37.1, P < 0.05). The content of @entity636 in @entity5173 in the @entity13628 treatment group [(86  10) ng/L] was significantly lower than that in the @entity565 group [(111  11) ng/L] and the @entity3784 treatment group [(101  9) ng/L], but higher than that in the healthy control group [(63  10) ng/L] and the @entity13628 control group [(65  8) ng/L] (F = 32.2, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity13628 may alleviate the airway inflammation of @entity19 with @entity565 by reducing @entity636 in airways.

title: [Effects of chitin micro-particles on airway inflammation in a XXXX neutrophilic asthmatic model].

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilic asthma', 'NA']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['measured,bronchoalveolar lavage fluid', 'BALF']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: To  quantify the frequency of @entity1 noncompliance in an urban radiation oncology department and identify predictors of noncompliance. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We identified @entity1 treated with external beam @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) with curative intent in our department from 2007 to 2012 for 1 of 7 commonly treated @entity5 . @entity1 who missed 2 or more scheduled @entity1161 appointments were deemed "noncompliant." An institutional database was referenced to obtain clinical and demographic information for each @entity1 , as well as a quantitative estimate of each @entity1 's socioeconomic status. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with @entity1161 noncompliance. RESULTS: A total of 2184 @entity1 met eligibility criteria. Of these, 442 (20.2%) were deemed "noncompliant." On multivariate analysis, statistically significant predictors of noncompliance included diagnosis of @entity135 , treatment during winter months, low socioeconomic status, and use of a long treatment course (all P<.05). CONCLUSION: This is the first large effort examining @entity1 noncompliance with daily @entity1161 . We have identified demographic, clinical, and treatment-related factors that can be used to identify @entity1 at high risk for noncompliance. These findings  may inform future strategies to improve adherence to prescribed therapy.

title: Predictors of @entity1161 noncompliance in an urban academic XXXX center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-and-neck, cervical, or uterine cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity36695 (TMTD) is a fungicidal and bactericidal agent used as antiseptic, seed disinfectant and animal repellent. In the light of known properties, @entity36695 is considered to be used as an inhibitor of angiogenesis and/or @entity32 . Since angiogenesis requires the growth of vascular endothelial cells we have used microvascular endothelial cell line HMEC-1 to elucidate the effect of @entity36695 on normal and stimulated cells. We cultured HMEC-1 cells in the presence of @entity36695 at low concentration (0.5     g/mL or 2     g/mL) (0.2     M or 0.8     M) or @entity310 (10   ng/mL) alone, and @entity36695 together with @entity310 . @entity310 was used as a cytokine that triggers changes characteristic for inflammatory state of the cell. We carried out an in vitro study aimed at assessing generation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS), activation of NF-kB, and expression of cell adhesion molecules @entity2071 , @entity4725 , @entity2279 . It was found that TMTD produced ROS and activated NF-kB. Activation of NF-kB was concurrent with an increase in @entity2071 expression on the surface of HMEC-1 cells. @entity2071 reflects intensity of @entity32 in endothelial cell milieu. The expression of @entity4725 and @entity2279 on these cells was not changed by @entity36695 . It was also found that stimulation of the HMEC-1 cells with the pro-inflammatory cytokine @entity310 caused activation of @entity2071 and @entity4725 expression with concomitant decrease of @entity2279 cell surface expression above the control levels. Treatment with @entity36695 and @entity310 changed cellular response compared with effects observed after treatment with @entity310 alone, i.e. further increase of @entity2071 expression and impairment of the @entity310 effect on @entity2279 and @entity4725 expression. This study demonstrated that @entity36695 acts as a pro-oxidant, and elicits in endothelial cell environment effects characteristic for @entity32 . However, when it is present concurrently with pro-inflammatory cytokine @entity310 interferes with its action.

title: @entity36695 activates NF-kappaB and enhances XXXX expression in human microvascular endothelial HMEC-1 cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity36695 :: ('MESH:D013893', 'Chemical') :: ['thiram', 'Thiram']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity2071 :: (3383,Gene) :: ['ICAM-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to investigate the association of exercise intolerance in type 2 @entity6 (T2DM) with skeletal muscle capillary blood flow (CBF) reserve. BACKGROUND: Exercise intolerance in T2DM strongly predicts adverse prognosis, but associations with muscle blood flow independent of @entity299 are undefined. METHODS: In 134 T2DM @entity1 without @entity65 , left ventricular function and contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the quadriceps (for CBF; i.e., product of capillary blood volume and velocity) were assessed at rest and immediately following treadmill exercise for peak @entity26 uptake (Vo2peak). @entity1002 and diastolic functional reserve indexes were derived from changes in systolic and early diastolic color tissue Doppler velocities. Cardiac index reserve and its constituents ( @entity64 volume and chronotropic indexes) and left ventricular filling pressure (ratio of early diastolic mitral inflow and annular velocities) were also measured. RESULTS: Vo2peak correlated with muscle CBF reserve (b  = 0.16, p  = 0.005) independent of cardiac index reserve and clinical covariates. This was explained by higher muscle capillary blood velocity reserve (b  = 0.18, p  = 0.002), rather than blood volume reserve (p > 0.10) in @entity1 with higher Vo2peak. A concurrent association of Vo2peak with cardiac index reserve (b  = 0.20, p  < 0.001) appeared to reflect chronotropic index (b  = 0.15, p  = 0.012) rather than @entity64 volume index reserve (p > 0.10), although the systolic functional reserve index was also identified as an independent correlate (b  =  0.16, p  = 0.028). No associations of Vo2peak with diastolic functional reserve were identified (p > 0.10). CONCLUSIONS: Vo2peak is associated with muscle CBF reserve in T2DM, independent of parallel associations with cardiac functional reserve. This is consistent with a multifactorial basis for exercise intolerance in T2DM.

title: Association of Exercise Intolerance in Type 2 XXXX With Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow Reserve.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular systolic']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present the clinical and histologic findings of a @entity1 in whom intumescent @entity231 developed after successful topical @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) chemotherapy for @entity320 originating from primary acquired @entity3169 (PAM) with atypia. DESIGN: Observational case report; follow-up at 30 months. METHODS: In a @entity1 with PAM and subsequent @entity320 that was successfully treated with topical @entity1139 chemotherapy an intumescent @entity231 developed after two cycles of 0.04% @entity1139 , each for 1 month. RESULTS: After @entity1139 chemotherapy pigmentation of the acquired @entity1709 vanished almost completely. Histopathology of the check-up specimen revealed @entity5 control. Six weeks after the completion of the second cycle, an intumescent @entity231 developed. @entity231 surgery was performed uneventfully. The @entity1 was followed up for 30 months. CONCLUSIONS: In selected cases, topical @entity1139 chemotherapy is effective for treating @entity320 . Although severe @entity532 are rare and usually transient, development of @entity231 may be observed. A prospective study should be initiated.

title: Intumescent XXXX after topical @entity1138 for conjunctival @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local tumor']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin-C']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complications']

entities_list: @entity1709 :: ('MESH:D008548', 'Disease') :: ['melanosis']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival melanosis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival melanoma']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: The relationship between epithelial bioelectric events and epithelium-dependent relaxant and contractile responses of airway smooth muscle in response to @entity9680 was investigated in @entity840 isolated @entity825 . Tracheae were perfused with normal or nonisosmotic modified Krebs-Henseleit solution while simultaneously monitoring transepithelial potential difference (VT) and contractile and relaxant responses of the muscle. Baseline VT was -10.1 to -13.3 mV (distal and proximal ends, respectively). Intraluminal @entity6478 (10(-4) M) induced a 3.7-mV depolarization, verifying that the VT was of epithelial origin. Extraluminal @entity2710 (3 x 10(-7) M; EC50) caused hyperpolarization and smooth muscle contraction; intraluminal @entity2710 had very little effect. Increasing intraluminal bath osmolarity via addition of 240 mOsM @entity1219 or @entity4338 caused an immediate and prolonged depolarization and epithelium-dependent relaxation. Increasing intraluminal bath osmolarity with @entity969 evoked similar responses, except that an immediate, transient hyperpolarization and contraction preceded the depolarization and relaxation. Increasing extraluminal bath osmolarity with 240 mOsM @entity1219 induced depolarization and a longer lasting epithelium-dependent relaxation, whereas extraluminally added 240 mOsM @entity4338 induced a complex smooth muscle response (i.e., transient relaxation followed by contraction), which was accompanied by prolonged depolarization. Intraluminal hypo-osmolarity produced a transient hyperpolarization followed by depolarization along with contraction of the smooth muscle. Bioelectric responses always preceded smooth muscle responses. These results suggest that bioelectric events in the epithelium triggered by nonisosmotic solutions are associated with epithelium-dependent responses in tracheal smooth muscle.

title: Changes in smooth muscle tone during osmotic challenge in relation to epithelial bioelectric events in XXXX isolated @entity825 .

entities_list: @entity9680 :: ('MESH:D052456', 'Disease') :: ['hyperosmolar and hypo-osmolar solutions']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['amiloride']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity179 of the lumbar spine is a pervasive problem in healthcare; however, its aetiology and risk factors remain poorly defined. There have been recent attempts to correlate the anatomic parameters of facet angle and pelvic incidence with @entity27590 , although data remains limited. The purpose of this experiment was to determine how age, gender, race, facet angle, tropism, and pelvic incidence correlate to @entity2720 in the lumbar spine. METHODS: A total of 576 cadaveric lumbar spines were obtained. Using validated techniques, facet angle, tropism, and pelvic incidence were measured. @entity571 of the lumbar spines was graded from 0-4 at each level. Correlations between @entity571 and age, gender, facet angle, tropism, and pelvic incidence were evaluated with regression analysis. RESULTS: Facet angle became more coronally oriented, and facet tropism increased from L1-L2 to L5-S1. @entity625 was highest at the L4-L5 joint (2.2        1.1), compared to the L5-S1 (2.1        1.1), L3-L4 (1.9        1.1), L2-L3 (1.5        1.0) and @entity3156 (p   <   0.001). Age was the strongest predictor of @entity625 at all levels (standardized betas 0.342 through 0.494, p   <   0.001). Correlations between gender, race and @entity571 were not significant at any level. A decreased facet angle was predictive of increased @entity625 at each joint level (standardized betas -0.091 through -0.153, p   <   0.05 for all). Tropism was a predictor of increased @entity625 at caudal levels. Pelvic incidence was a predictor of increased @entity625 at L3-L4 (standardized beta 0.080, p   =   0.02), L4-L5 (standardized beta 0.081,p   =   0.02), and L5-S1 (standardized beta 0.100, p   =   0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Facet @entity625 was correlated with a more sagittal orientation of the facet joints, increased tropism, and perturbations of pelvic incidence.

title: Increased and decreased pelvic incidence, sagittal facet joint orientations are associated with lumbar XXXX in a large cadaveric collection.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity27590 :: ('MESH:D055013', 'Disease') :: ['spine osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['Degenerative joint disease']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['facet joint osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity27590 :: (MESH:D055013,Disease) :: ['spine osteoarthritis']


abstract: To characterize prescription opioid dependent @entity1 in a @entity284 maintenance treatment (MMT) program, a detailed retrospective chart review of new admissions (1997-1999, n=178, mean age=34.5+/-0.7 years, 65% male) was conducted. At admission most @entity1 (83%) had been using prescription opioids (+/- @entity4521 ). Four groups were identified: 24% had used prescription opioids only; 24% used prescription opioids initially and @entity4521 later; 35% used @entity4521 first and prescription opioids subsequently; and 17% had used @entity4521 only (this group was significantly younger: mean age 26+/-1 years, P=0.0001). Subjects reported regular use of prescription opioids at higher than therapeutic dosages. For example, in the 'prescription opioid only' group the reported mean (+/-S.E.) number of @entity10425 or @entity1288 -containing tablets consumed daily was 23 (+/-6) tablets and 21 (+/-3) tablets, respectively. There were no significant differences found amongst the groups in measures of social stability. Those dependent on prescription opioids alone were less likely to use illicit non-opioid drugs or to be associated with injection drug use. Those that used prescription opioids only or initially were more likely to have ongoing @entity158 problems and to be involved in @entity146 treatment. Further research is required to better elucidate the complex relationships between @entity158 , mental health and addiction in order to develop optimal prevention and treatment strategies for prescription @entity4784 .

title: Prescription @entity4784 in XXXX presenting for @entity284 maintenance treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid dependence']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: External cardioversion is a readily available treatment for persistent @entity955 . Although anatomical and electrophysiological considerations suggest that an anterior-posterior electrode position should create a more homogeneous shock-field gradient throughout the atria than an anterior-lateral position, both electrode positions are equally recommended for external cardioversion in current guidelines. We undertook a randomised trial comparing the two positions with the endpoint of successful cardioversion. METHODS: 108 consecutive @entity1 (mean age 60 years [SD 16]) with persistent @entity955 (median duration 5 months, range 0.1-120) underwent elective external cardioversion by a standardised step-up protocol with increasing shock strengths (50-360 J). Electrode positions were randomly assigned as anterior-lateral or anterior-posterior. If sinus rhythm was not achieved with 360 J energy, a single cross-over shock (360 J) was applied with the other electrode configuration. A planned interim analysis was done after these @entity1 had been recruited; it was by intention to treat. FINDINGS: Cardioversion was successful in a higher proportion of the anterior-posterior than the anterior-lateral group (50 of 52 [96%] vs 44 of 56 [78%], difference 23.7% (95% CI 9.1-37.8, p=0.009). Cross-over from the anterior-lateral to the anterior-posterior electrode position was successful in eight of 12 @entity1 , whereas cross-over in the other direction was not successful (two @entity1 ). After cross-over, cardioversion was successful in 102 of 108 randomised @entity1 (94%). INTERPRETATION: An anterior-posterior electrode position is more effective than the anterior-lateral position for external cardioversion of persistent @entity955 . These results should be considered in clinical practice, for the design of defibrillation electrode pads, and when guidelines for cardioversion of @entity955 are updated.

title: Anterior-posterior versus anterior-lateral electrode positions for external cardioversion of XXXX : a randomised trial.

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite the increasing number of studies confirming the importance of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) in @entity1 before radical cystectomy (RC) for @entity150 ( @entity150 ), NC remains underused. The aim of our study was to develop a nomogram predicting the @entity5 mortality (CSM) of @entity1 who underwent RC for transitional @entity150 , evaluating the available clinical information and the NC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 423 @entity1 who underwent RC and pelvic lymph node dissection, treated or not with NC, in two European high-volume centers between 2007 and 2013. Chi-square and Student's t tests were used to evaluate differences between groups. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to assess time to @entity5 (CSS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Uni- (UVA) and multivariable (MVA) Cox regression analyses were developed to address predictors of CSS and @entity1349 . A nomogram based on the Cox regression coefficient was developed to show the impact of NC on CSM. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 20.3 months. Our population had mainly pT2 disease (77.1%), and 19.4% had preoperative @entity900 -based NC. NC showed better CSS at UVA (p = 0.014) and MVA (odds ratio: 0.44; p = 0.043). Overall, the 3-year @entity1349 and the CSS rate were 69.3 and 79%, respectively. The nomogram developed to predict the 36-month CSM showed predictive accuracy of 67%. CONCLUSIONS: We developed the first nomogram predicting the 36-month CSM rate in @entity1 with high-risk @entity150 according to the clinical data. Moreover, we demonstrate that preoperative @entity900 -based chemotherapy is associated with better CSS.

title: A nomogram predicting the @entity5 mortality in @entity1 eligible for radical cystectomy evaluating clinical data and neoadjuvant XXXX -based chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-specific']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatinum']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'BCa']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatinum']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity3875 plays important roles in the absorption of @entity460 and @entity3151 from the gastrointestinal tract and in the treatment of rickets; in addition, it facilitates the deposition of minerals in bones, thus minimizing the possibility of developing @entity4772 . Sunlight naturally induces @entity3875 photosynthesis. Such a process is affected by a number of factors such as age, geographical location, skin color, sunscreen application and clothing. It is intended in the present investigation to study in vitro the effect of clothing on the solar photoproduction of @entity3875 . METHODS: Fifteen different fabric samples were tested for their effect on the efficiency of the in vitro solar conversion of @entity14952 ( @entity14952 ) to @entity3875 . @entity14952 was dissolved in @entity1042 to give a concentration of 2.6 x 10(-4) M. Solutions were exposed to sunlight in quartz containers for predetermined periods either uncovered or covered with the fabric sample under test. Changes in the concentrations of @entity14952 and the photoproducts were monitored by HPLC. Fabrics were graded as the number of threads per square inch (in(2)), and their sunlight attenuation was determined. RESULTS: @entity14952 is transformed to @entity66290 upon exposure to sunlight, and the amount generated exhibited an almost linear relationship. When fabric-covered samples of @entity14952 were irradiated, photoproducts were also detected and their concentrations depended on the degree of sunlight attenuation imposed by the fabric. Generally, the higher the number of threads per in(2) the more the light attenuation produced. CONCLUSION: Clothing plays an important role in attenuating sunlight, thus leading to diminished @entity3875 production to an extent that would require dietary compensation.

title: Effect of clothing varieties on solar photosynthesis of XXXX : an in vitro study.

entities_list: @entity4772 :: ('MESH:D010018', 'Disease') :: ['osteomalacia']

entities_list: @entity14952 :: ('MESH:C016705', 'Chemical') :: ['7-dehydrocholesterol', '7-DHC']

entities_list: @entity3875 :: ('MESH:D002762', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin D3', 'vitamin D3']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity66290 :: ('MESH:C025168', 'Chemical') :: ['previtamin D3']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity66290 :: (MESH:C025168,Chemical) :: ['previtamin D3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The high @entity1239 @entity734 is one of the contributing factors to failure of attempts to quit. Moreover, the @entity1223 (CO) intoxication, proportional to the intensity of smoking, is the basis of @entity65 . OBJECTIVES: To describe @entity286 consumption and the degree of CO intoxication, as well as to assess @entity1239 @entity734 and identify its determinants in a population of adult smokers. METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, based on a selfadministered questionnaire and a dosage of CO in expired air among smokers who participated in awareness sessions conducted in public places and academic institutions in the city of Monastir. Multivariate analysis was based on a binary logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 914 smokers participated in our survey whose mean age was 29.5    12.4 years. More than 2/3 of cases (68.7 %) were strongly addicted to @entity1239 . Heavy smokers (consumption > 20 cigarettes / day) accounted for 28 % of subjects aged under 30 and 59% of older adults (p < 10-4). Determinants of strong @entity286 @entity734 were age of first cigarette ( OR = 0.912 ) , duration of @entity286 consumption (OR = 1.059 ) , @entity285 consumption (OR = 1.764 ) , sedentarity (OR = 2.024 ) and the rate expired CO (OR = 1.059 ) . The mean rate of exhaled CO was 13.1    11.1 ppm. It was positively correlated with Fagerstr  m score (r = 0.5, p < 10-4) and the number of cigarettes smoked before dosing CO (r = 0.6, p < 10-4). In the contrary, it was negatively correlated to the time elapsed between the last cigarette and the test (r = - 0.2, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study focused on smoking addiction and its determinants. They encourage us to strengthen efforts for effective implementation of the WHO Framework Convention of @entity286 control in Tunisia.

title: XXXX dependance and @entity1223 intoxication among adult smokers.

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity1239 :: (MESH:D009538,Chemical) :: ['Nicotine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Why @entity91 @entity1 develop @entity428 ( @entity428 ) is still a mystery. Our aim was to investigate jugular foramen size and its relation to @entity101 and @entity428 . Secondly, we evaluated whether occipital collateral veins develop as a compensatory mechanism for @entity428 . We conducted a prospective study in 41 @entity1 with @entity91 who underwent a 3D-CT-angiography. We evaluated the anatomical course of the jugular vein, the diameter of the jugular foramen and the relation to the presence of @entity1829 . Additionally, we studied the anatomical variations of the cerebral venous drainage system. The diameter of the jugular foramen was significantly smaller in our @entity1 . @entity66 were most often observed in @entity1 with Apert, @entity2168 and @entity4886 , even in @entity1 under two years of age. There was no significant difference in the number of collateral veins in @entity1 with or without @entity1829 . Collaterals appear to reflect an @entity3002 , rather than a compensating mechanism for @entity428 . This study confirms the presence of jugular foraminal narrowing in @entity91 @entity1 and an abnormal venous system, which may predispose to @entity428 . Level of Evidence: Diagnostic II.

title: XXXX in @entity91 : The  abnormal anatomy of the jugular foramen and collaterals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['venous hypertension']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormal venous collaterals']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intracranial pressure', 'ICP', 'elevated ICP']

entities_list: @entity4886 :: ('MESH:D000168', 'Disease') :: ['Saethre-Chotzen syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['inborn abnormality of the venous system']

entities_list: @entity2168 :: ('MESH:D003394', 'Disease') :: ['Crouzon-Pfeiffer']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['craniosynostosis']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Venous hypertension']


abstract: Stauntonia obovatifoliola Hayata subsp. intermedia is used in China to treat @entity627 , @entity158 and @entity158 . An accurate and reliable method based on high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection has been developed and validated for the quantitative determination of nine @entity43139 in this herb. By using a Kromasil 100-5 @entity6173 column (250 mm   4.6 mm, 5  m), nine analytes were separated by gradient elution over a running time of 45.0 min. All standard calibration curves demonstrated satisfactory linearity (R(2) >= 0.9995) within a relatively wide range. The precision was evaluated by intra- and inter-day tests, which revealed relative standard deviation values within the ranges of 0.20-2.83 and 0.51-2.79%, respectively. The recoveries for the nine target compounds were between 84.6 and 103% with relative standard deviation values less than 2.67%. The samples were also analysed on a linear trap quadrupole Orbitrap Velos Pro mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionisation source in negative mode to confirm the quantification results. In conclusion, the present high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection method could serve as an accurate and reliable method for the quality evaluation of Stauntonia obovatifoliola Hayata subsp. intermedia stems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Simultaneous quantitative analysis of nine XXXX for the quality control of Stauntonia obovatifoliola Hayata subsp. intermedia stems.

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['hernia pain', 'traumatic pain']

entities_list: @entity43139 :: ('CHEBI:61778', 'Chemical') :: ['triterpenoid saponins']

answer: @entity43139 :: (CHEBI:61778,Chemical) :: ['triterpenoid saponins']


abstract: AIM: The assumed necessity of antimicrobial prophylaxis prior to cystoscopy is controversial. In this study, the rate of @entity793 , @entity4658 and @entity2259 in outpatients who underwent cystoscopy without antimicrobial prophylaxis is investigated prospectively. METHODS: The study included 75 @entity1 who underwent cystoscopy for various indications and had sterile urine prior to intervention. A clean midstream urine sample was obtained 24 h before and 48 h after the procedure. Blood cultures were taken 1 h after cystoscopy. @entity1 were questioned for newly developed symptoms 48 h after cystoscopy. Blood cultures were taken again from @entity1 who presented with fever. RESULTS: Six @entity1 (8%) developed significant @entity793 , and six @entity1 (8%) developed @entity4658 without significant @entity793 . @entity2259 was not determined in any of the @entity1 . The association between presence of @entity4658 prior to the procedure and development of @entity793 after the procedure was significant (P < 0.05). Four @entity1 out of six who had @entity793 were asymptomatic. In our study we found significant @entity793 after cystoscopy in 8% of @entity1 , and no @entity2259 . CONCLUSIONS: Thus we conclude that cystoscopy is a safe and well-tolerated procedure. Antimicrobial prophylaxis should not be administrated unless specific indications are present.

title: @entity793 , @entity4658 and XXXX frequency following outpatient cystoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia', 'Bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['bacteremia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonstructural curves are defined in the Lenke classification system for @entity1615 as bending out to <25 degrees. A caveat in the original paper states, however, that if the difference in Cobb magnitude between the major and minor curves is <5 degrees, then the minor curve should be considered structural, regardless of its Cobb magnitude. It is unclear whether following this rule affects @entity1 outcomes. METHODS: A multicenter retrospective study using a prospectively collected database was performed on surgical @entity1615 @entity1 , with 2 years of minimum follow-up. All the lumbar curves measured <25 degrees on bending x-ray. Curves (major and minor) that were within <5 degrees of each other were analyzed in 2 treatment subsets: nonselective fusion (NS) and selective thoracic fusion ( @entity20043 ), and compared with similar selective fusion cases with false double major curves with a lumbar curve between 5 and 10 degrees less in magnitude than the thoracic curve magnitude (STF2). Preoperative and 2-year postoperative radiographic and SRS-22 parameters were compared. RESULTS: Of 58 @entity1 , there were 14 NS, 11 @entity20043 , and 33 STF2. NS had larger preoperative curves than @entity20043 , but achieved better lumbar correction (58%) than @entity20043 (32%) or STF2 (41%) (P=0.004). @entity20043 tended to have more preoperative coronal imbalance than STF2 (-2.26 vs. -1.12 cm) (P=0.066) but were similar at 2 years. Preoperative thoracic rib prominence measures were similar for all groups, but NS had significantly worse rib prominence than @entity20043 (NS: 8.4 vs. @entity20043 , P=0.046) at 2 years. There were no differences among the 3 groups in SRS-22 scores preoperatively and at 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: Almost half of the cases with curves within <5 degrees of each other did not follow the 5-degree rule, suggesting that there is variability among surgeons in their definition of what is truly structural. Selective thoracic fusion cases behaved similarly regardless of whether or not the curves were within 5 degrees of each other. The results of our analysis of the 5-degree caveat challenge its utility as a criterion for defining structural curves. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II.

title: Is there a role for the 5-degree rule in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

answer: @entity1615 :: (OMIM:181800,Disease) :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: Quorum sensing (QS) is a process mediated via small molecules termed autoinducers (AI) that allow bacteria to respond and adjust according to the cell population density by altering the expression of multitudinous genes. Since QS governs numerous bioprocesses in bacteria, including virulence, its inhibition promises to be an ideal target for the development of novel therapeutics. We found that the aqueous leaf extract of Psidium guajava (GLE) exhibited anti-QS properties as evidenced by inhibition of @entity15135 production in @entity15133 and swarming motility of @entity796 . The gram-negative bacterium, @entity15134 is a rare pathogen with high mortality rate. In this study, perhaps for the first time, we identified the target genes of GLE in @entity15134 MTCC 2656 by whole transcriptome analysis on Ion Torrent. Our data revealed that GLE significantly down-regulated 816 genes at least three fold, with p value  <= 0.01, which comprises 19% of the @entity15134 MTCC 2656 genome. These genes were distributed throughout the genome and were associated with virulence, motility and other cellular processes, many of which have been described as quorum regulated in @entity15134 and other gram negative bacteria. Interestingly, GLE did not affect the growth of the bacteria. However, consistent with the gene expression pattern, GLE treated @entity15134 cells were restrained from causing lysis of @entity1 @entity157 cell line, HepG2, indicating a positive relationship between the QS-regulated genes and pathogenicity. Overall, our study proposes GLE as a QS inhibitor (QSI) with the ability to attenuate virulence without affecting growth. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report which provides with a plausible set of candidate genes regulated by the QS system in the neglected pathogen @entity15134 .

title: Guava leaf extract inhibits quorum-sensing and @entity15133 induced lysis of XXXX @entity157 cells: whole transcriptome analysis reveals differential gene expression.

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity15135 :: ('MESH:C063155', 'Chemical') :: ['violacein']

entities_list: @entity15133 :: ('536', 'Species') :: ['Chromobacterium violaceum']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: As no standard chemotherapy regimen has been established for advanced @entity356 , this study sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination chemotherapy that included @entity1311 and @entity4181 (LV)-modulated infusional @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) in metastatic @entity356 . @entity1 received a three-hour infusion of 175 mg/m2 of @entity1311 on day 1. A bolus of 20 mg/m2 of LV was then administered, followed by a 24-h infusion of 1,000 mg/m2 of @entity1487 on days 1 through 3. The treatment cycle was re-peated every 3 weeks until disease progression. Response evaluation was performed according to the RECIST criteria, with @entity137 determined by NCI-CTC (version 2.0). A total of 66 @entity1 , including 21 (31.8%) with a history of prior chemotherapy, were enrolled. Fifteen (71.4%) of the 21 @entity1 with prior chemotherapy received prolonged infusional @entity1487 . In the 56 evaluable @entity1 (37 in the chemotherapy-na  ve group and 19 in the prior chemotherapy group), @entity5 responses according to prior exposure to chemotherapy were as follows: 17 (45.9%) partial response (PR), 6 (16.2%) @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and 14 (37.8%) @entity74 ( @entity74 ) in the chemotherapy-na  ve group; 1 (7.1%) complete response, 3 (15.8%) PRs, 8 (42.1%) SDs and 7 (36.8%) PDs in the prior chemotherapy group. The overall median response duration was 20 weeks (range, 8-61 weeks), with a median progression-free survival of 20 weeks [95% confidence interval (CI), 13.4-26.6 weeks] and 12 weeks (95% CI, 5.7-18.3 weeks) in the chemotherapy-na  ve and prior chemotherapy groups, respectively. The median overall survival was 48 weeks (95% CI, 38-58 weeks) in the chemotherapy-na  ve group and 28 weeks (95% CI, 22-34 weeks) in the prior chemotherapy group. The most frequent grade III/IV @entity137 was neutro-penia. Non-hematological @entity137 of grade III/IV was rare. @entity1311 in combination with @entity1487 /LV is clinically beneficial for @entity1 with advanced @entity356 and is a feasible salvage regimen for @entity1487 -refractory @entity356 @entity1 .

title: XXXX and @entity4181 -modulated infusional @entity1487 combination chemotherapy for metastatic @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Paclitaxel']


abstract: Endocrine therapy (ET) is one of the main systemic treatments for @entity1 with @entity0 . To our knowledge, few studies have addressed the performance of ET or relevant influencing factors in @entity5 treatment in China. By retrospectively analyzing the clinicopathological data on @entity0 collected from representative hospitals of 7 traditional areas in China in one random month from each year between year 1999 and 2008, we found that: 1) The rate of the use of @entity5282 ( @entity5282 ) testing was 83.8% (3529/4211), with the @entity172 receptor-positive (ER+) rate and/or the @entity1420 receptor-positive (PR+) rate being 67.9% (2395/3529), and the ER-PR rate being 32.1% (1134/3529). 2) Of the 1599 @entity1 who had received ET, 999 @entity1 (58.3%) were premenopausal while 600 (41.7%) were postmenopausal; 1598 @entity1 received adjuvant hormonal therapy (AHT), whereas only 1 @entity1 received palliative therapy. The medications mainly administered to patients were anti- @entity172 agents (80.3% [1283/1598]), followed by AIs (15.5% [248/1598]). Of the 1598 @entity1 receiving AHT, 1416 @entity1 (88.6%) were positive for ER and/or PR, while 75 (4.7%) were negative for both and 108 @entity1 (6.7%) had unknown @entity5282 status. The ratio of the use of endocrine therapy for @entity0 @entity1 with ER+ and/or PR+ status was 60.0% (1416/2395). 3) Results from the logistic regression analysis revealed that geography, occupations, and history of chemotherapy and surgery were dependent factors affecting the application of ET in @entity0 treatment in China (P<0.001). In conclusion, the use of ET on Chinese @entity1 with @entity0 is increasingly and gradually accounted into the standardized process. Economic status, occupations, and history of chemotherapy and surgery were key factors affecting the application of ET. @entity1 residing in developed areas, engaging in mental labour, having history of chemotherapy and surgery are susceptible to accept ET.

title: A nation-wide multicenter 10-year (1999-2008) retrospective clinical study of endocrine therapy for Chinese females with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'People']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['HR', 'hormone receptor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']