abstract: The optic pathway @entity11 uniquely involves the optic pathway in a relatively constant pattern, allowing for recurrent measurements of its extent and comparison within @entity1 with the same diagnosis. Its natural history, however, is unpredictable. We sought to formulate an empirical score to quantify optic-pathway involvement and disease course. The sample comprised 23 @entity1 with a diagnosis of optic-pathway @entity11 who attended a pediatric tertiary medical center from 1975-2004 and underwent at least two annual magnetic resonance imaging examinations over an average of 7 years. Each scan was evaluated for the larger diameters of intraorbital and retro-orbital parts of the optic nerve, chiasma, and optic tract. Findings were analyzed by time from diagnosis. In untreated @entity1 , @entity5 generally remained stable for about 3 years, and diminished thereafter. @entity1 with @entity1264 had a better course than @entity1 with @entity66 . Young @entity1 fared similarly to older ones. Worse outcomes occurred in @entity1 who eventually required treatment; this group might have done better with earlier diagnosis, and requires careful follow-up. Our new empirical score can define the natural history of optic-pathway @entity11 , and identify prognostic factors. It may help identify @entity5 in @entity1264 @entity1 who potentially require treatment.

title: Optic-pathway XXXX : natural history demonstrated by a new empirical score.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis-1']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: @entity746 ( @entity746 ) is a progressive @entity179 primarily affecting the upper and lower motor neurones of the central nervous system. Recently, a lot of interest has been generated by the possibility that a mechanism of programmed cell @entity204 , termed apoptosis, is responsible for the motor neurone degeneration in this condition. Apoptosis is regulated through a variety of different pathways which interact and eventually lead to controlled cell @entity204 . Apart from genetic regulation, factors involved in the control of apoptosis include @entity204 receptors, caspases, @entity588 family of oncoproteins, inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), inhibitors of IAPs, the @entity876 @entity5 suppressor protein and apoptosis-related molecules. The first part of this article will give an overview of the current knowledge of apoptosis. In the second part of this review, we will examine in detail the evidence for and against the contribution of apoptosis in motor neurone cell @entity204 in @entity746 , looking at cellular-, animal- and @entity1 post-mortem tissue-based models. In a chronic @entity179 such as @entity746 , conclusive evidence of apoptosis is likely to be difficult to detect, given the rapidity of the apoptotic cell @entity204 process in relation to the relatively slow time course of the disease. Although a complete picture of motor neurone @entity204 in @entity746 has not been fully elucidated, there is good and compelling evidence that a programmed cell @entity204 pathway operates in this disorder. The strongest body of evidence supporting this comes from the findings that, in @entity746 , changes in the levels of members of the @entity588 family of oncoproteins results in a predisposition towards apoptosis, there is increased expression or activation of @entity55026 , and the dying motor neurones in @entity1 cases exhibit morphological features reminiscent of apoptosis. Further supporting evidence comes from the detection of apoptosis-related molecules and anti-Fas receptor antibodies in @entity1 cases of @entity746 . However, the role of the @entity876 protein in cell @entity204 in @entity746 is at present unclear. An understanding of the mechanism of programmed cell @entity204 in @entity746 may provide important clues for areas of potential therapeutic intervention for neuroprotection in this devastating condition.

title: Apoptosis in XXXX : a review of the evidence.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Efficient and secure collection of @entity2280 + cells are crucial for the angiogenic therapies. We have developed autologous peripheral blood-mononuclear cell (MNC) transplantation induced by @entity1307 (rhEPO) for critical @entity63 limbs. METHODS: Seven @entity1 , including five with @entity14674 , one with @entity2119 and one with progressive @entity785 , underwent ten cell therapies. The first administration of rhEPO was performed two weeks before apheresis, and the second administration and blood donation were performed one week before apheresis to activate bone marrow. MNCs including @entity2280 + cells, isolated from peripheral blood by apheresis, were immediately injected intramuscularly into @entity63 limbs. RESULTS: The number of peripheral blood- @entity2280 + cells had significantly increased from 1.32    0.83/microL, before the rhEPO induction, to 1.86    0.94/microL, before the apheresis. The number of transplanted MNCs ranged between 0.5   10(9) and 16.5   10(9), and that of @entity2280 + cells, between 0.1   10(6) and 12.7   10(6), accounting for 0.02%-0.1% of MNCs. There were no serious complications. Finger ulcers with @entity2119 were significantly improved one month after the transplantations, but the same or other ulcer(s) appeared 2-6 months later. Three @entity1 had an improvement in @entity158 , and one @entity1 extended maximum pain-free walking distance. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1307 -induced autologous peripheral blood-MNC transplantation is a useful and safe alternative for @entity63 limbs.

title: Autologous peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells induced by XXXX improve critical @entity63 limbs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'Erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity14674 :: ('MESH:D001162', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis obliterans']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rest pain']

entities_list: @entity2119 :: ('MESH:D013919', 'Disease') :: ["Buerger's disease"]

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity1307 :: (2056,Gene) :: ['erythropoietin']


abstract: Herein, we review the associations between the kidney, @entity703 , and the eye. @entity703 have been reported to metastasize to the eye and the orbit. As these @entity5 can be confused with other @entity5 , a high index of suspicion is required for early detection and management of the @entity5 . We discuss the physiology of metastases, clinical features and management of @entity3 . A variety of @entity735 have been associated with @entity8 . @entity3969 , a @entity703 of childhood, can present with @entity6716 , which may be the first clue leading to the diagnosis of the @entity5 . @entity8231 are common manifestations of @entity703 and can present as @entity66 . @entity703 . For example, the diagnosis of @entity280 can lead to a systemic evaluation and discovery of associated @entity5 . The prognosis, screening, and counseling of such @entity1 is discussed. Newer systemic treatments available for @entity703 , such as interferon alfa, may lead to ocular side effects including @entity989 . These @entity1 require periodic ophthalmic examinations. This review demonstrates the essential role of the ophthalmologist, for early diagnosis and treatment that can help reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with @entity703 and @entity8 .

title: The kidney, XXXX , and the eye: current concepts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal-associated disease', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathies and neuro-ophthalmic disorders']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['amelanotic or vascular tumors', 'primary tumor', 'visceral tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['ocular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity8231 :: ('MESH:D010257', 'Disease') :: ['Paraneoplastic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['Wilms tumor']

entities_list: @entity280 :: ('MESH:D006623', 'Disease') :: ['von Hippel retinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor', 'kidney tumors', 'Renal cancers', 'renal cancers', 'Multiple cancer syndromes involve both the eye and the kidney', 'renal tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: We report the first case of @entity7180 associated with insect bites. The @entity1 received these insect bites while camping a few days before he presented to the emergency room. The @entity1 was a healthy twenty-six-year-old @entity1 , who was asplenic as a result of a motor vehicle accident. He presented to the emergency room with fever, multiple insect bites to his left lower extremity with pustules, @entity7749 , and left inguinal adenopathy. He was hospitalized but his condition failed to improve despite treatment with intravenous @entity16859 for three days. Wound and blood cultures subsequently grew @entity7180 brasiliensis. Treatment with intravenous @entity4509 (5 mg/kg every eight hours) was instituted along with oral @entity206 - @entity207 double strength twice a day. The @entity1 recovered with minimal scarring of the extremity. The @entity4509 was stopped after seven days and the @entity1 was discharged to receive oral @entity206 - @entity207 . This disease should be kept in mind when cutaneous infections do not respond to standard antibiotics, especially in the southwestern United States.

title: XXXX associated with insect bites.

entities_list: @entity7180 :: ('MESH:D009617', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous nocardiosis', 'Nocardia']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity16859 :: ('MESH:D009254', 'Chemical') :: ['nafcillin']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity7749 :: ('MESH:D008205', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangitis']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity7180 :: (MESH:D009617,Disease) :: ['Cutaneous nocardiosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In order to assess their late benefits we present the long-term results of a comparison of treating @entity7769 with anterior submuscular transposition or simple decompression. METHODS: Of 40 @entity1 initially recruited to this study 33 were available for long term follow-up. Sixteen @entity1 underwent anterior submuscular transposition (group A); simple decompression was performed in 17 of the @entity1 (group B). The indications for inclusion were a typical clinical presentation confirmed by abnormal nerve conduction studies. The mean duration of the symptoms before operation was 13 months (range 2 to 84 months) in group A and 8.4 months (range 1.5 to 36 months) in group B. All @entity1 were seen 2 months after surgery and at least 3 years later. The mean duration of follow-up was 63.1 month in the first group and 52 months in the second group. RESULTS: No complications were seen in either group. In the group treated by anterior transposition, ten of 16 @entity1 were completely free of signs and symptoms; slight residual @entity1183 or paresthesia was observed in two @entity1 . Paresis and @entity194 was observed in only one @entity1 . In the simple decompression group, 11 of 17 @entity1 were completely free of signs and symptoms. In five @entity1 slight residual symptoms were observed; no paresis or @entity194 was reported in any of this group. CONCLUSION: These long-term results show that both surgical techniques have a good outcome. Thus, the less invasive simple decompression should be preferred.

title: Comparison of the long-term results of anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve or simple decompression in the treatment of XXXX --a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity7769 :: ('MESH:D020430', 'Disease') :: ['cubital tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['hypesthesia']

answer: @entity7769 :: (MESH:D020430,Disease) :: ['cubital tunnel syndrome']


abstract: Central @entity6510 ( @entity6510 ) play a role in the acquisition of @entity851 (EBC) but not trace EBC in @entity1 and animals. However, it is not clear why trace conditioning is immune to the effects of cannabinoid receptor compounds. The current study examined the effects of variants of delay and trace conditioning procedures to elucidate the factors that determine the effects of @entity6510 agonists on EBC. In Experiment 1, @entity35 were administered the cannabinoid agonist @entity10024 during delay, long-delay, or trace conditioning. @entity35 were impaired during delay and long-delay, but not trace conditioning; the impairment was greater for long-delay than delay conditioning. Trace conditioning was further examined in Experiment 2 by manipulating the trace interval and keeping constant the conditioned stimulus (conditional stimulus [CS]) duration. It was found that when the trace interval was 300 ms or less, @entity10024 administration impaired the rate of learning. Experiment 3 tested whether the trace interval duration or the relative durations of the CS and trace interval were critical parameters influencing the effects of @entity10024 on EBC. @entity35 were not impaired with a 100-ms CS, 200-ms trace paradigm but were impaired with a 1,000-ms CS, 500-ms trace paradigm, indicating that the duration of the trace interval does not matter, but the proportion of the interstimulus interval occupied by the CS relative to the trace period is critical. Taken together, the results indicate that cannabinoid agonists affect cerebellar learning when the CS is longer than the trace interval.

title: Differential effects of the cannabinoid agonist XXXX on delay and trace eyeblink conditioning.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['delay eyeblink conditioning']

entities_list: @entity6510 :: ('1268', 'Gene') :: ['CB1R', 'cannabinoid-1 receptors']

answer: @entity10024 :: (MESH:C070417,Chemical) :: ['WIN55,212-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the management of @entity1 with co-existing cervical spondylotic compression and enhancing intramedullary swelling of uncertain aetiology. We describe the key features, suggest a management plan and review the literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A short series of six cases with cervical @entity602 and radiological features of spondylotic compression, swollen cervical cord and intramedullary enhancement is described. Detailed descriptions of clinical features, radiological findings, surgical approaches and outcomes are discussed. All @entity1 underwent cervical decompression via an anterior approach, posterior approach or both. Despite initial concerns that the aetiology might be @entity5 , no biopsy of cervical cord was required in any of the cases. RESULTS: Symptoms improved in four cases whilst contrast enhancement only improved in two cases following decompression. One @entity1 who failed to improve postoperatively was found to have @entity7993 . No @entity1 became worse after the cervical decompression. CONCLUSION: Swelling of the spinal cord with enhancement and co-existing @entity1745 , in the first instance, should be treated by decompression only. Biopsy to diagnose intrinsic @entity5 or inflammatory conditions should not be performed unless there is radiological or clinical progression despite adequate decompression.

title: Swelling and enhancement of the cervical spinal cord: when is a XXXX not a @entity5 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spondylotic cord compression']

entities_list: @entity7993 :: ('MESH:C535814', 'Disease') :: ['neurosarcoidosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: @entity9367 ( @entity9919 ), a component of the Chinese herb Triptergium wilfordii, has potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity and is used clinically in recipients of kidney transplantation. AIM OF THE STUDY: This work aimed to investigate the effect of @entity9919 on the differentiation of regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) from @entity11264 + cells in @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity28422 -purified @entity35 @entity11264 + cells were costimulated with anti-CD3 and anti- @entity24083 in the presence of @entity1810 to induce the expression of @entity13200 , which was detected by flow cytometry. @entity9919 and @entity205 (CsA) were separately added into the cultures to observe the effect on the expression of @entity13200 . Kidney transplantation was performed in @entity35 that either received no treatment or were treated with @entity9919 after transplantation. RESULTS: @entity9919 treatment enhanced the expression of @entity13200 in @entity11264 + cells, whereas CsA inhibited the @entity13200 expression. In the @entity35 kidney transplantation model, the recipient @entity35 treated with @entity9919 survived longer than the control @entity35 (18-19.83 vs 6.83 days, P<0.05). Meanwhile, the @entity13200 + T cells in the spleens of treated @entity35 were higher than those from the untreated @entity35 (12.4% vs 4.7%, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity9919 may promote the differentiation of @entity11264 + cells to @entity13200 + Tregs. This would be at least one of the pathways responsible for the immunosuppressive activity of @entity9919 .

title: XXXX promotes generation of @entity13200 + T regulatory cells in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity9367 :: ('MESH:C001899', 'Chemical') :: ['Triptolide']

answer: @entity9367 :: (MESH:C001899,Chemical) :: ['Triptolide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In a @entity1 older than 70 years, the decision to treat an @entity438 remains difficult whether it is @entity397 or unruptured. We sought to review our institutional risks of treatment of such lesions in the context of the risks of @entity397 and its associated morbidity and mortality in this age group. METHODS: One hundred twenty-nine consecutive @entity1 aged 70 years or older, who were treated at a single institution for an @entity438 , were retrospectively reviewed. Forty @entity1 were treated for @entity439 , and 89 @entity1 presented after @entity510 . Seven additional @entity1 in this age group who had solely intracavernous lesions, as well as one @entity1 with a dolichoectatic fusiform basilar lesion, were excluded. Management outcomes were assessed using a modification of the Glasgow Outcome Scale, and additional physical and functional disability was assessed using the Barthel index and the Reintegration to Normal Living index. RESULTS: Six-month outcomes for the unruptured group were: excellent, 70%; good, 15%; fair, 5%; poor, 7.5%; and @entity204 (2.5%). Outcomes for all @entity1 with @entity75 (including those not offered aggressive therapy) were: excellent, 34%; good, 9%; fair, 5.6%; poor, 3.4%; and @entity204 , 45%. Long-term follow-up was performed by questionnaire to assess physical and functional disability. Although @entity717 (Barthel index) was similar among survivors, the Reintegration to Normal Living index, a global assessment of function, was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity439 (84.8 versus 70.1; P = 0.05), which highlights the disabling effects of @entity548 . CONCLUSION: On the basis of an individual treatment center's management risks, annual aneurysmal @entity397 rates can be estimated that justify treatment in this difficult @entity1 population. Despite recent controversy regarding aneurysmal @entity548 rates, we think that symptomatic @entity439 should be treated and good results can be achieved, even in older @entity1 .

title: Management outcomes for @entity397 and XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured lesions']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['unruptured aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['physical disability']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['unruptured aneurysms']


abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was used to treat endometrial G1 @entity5 tissue derived from @entity1 who had undergone a total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. After surgical treatment the cancerous tissue was kept in a medium containing Dulbecco solution, fetal calf serum, and antibiotics. The tissue was then exposed to @entity3838 derivative (0.1 mg/   ) and 24 h later exposed to light (total light dose-18 J/sq   cm). @entity39 depth was evaluated 24 h later using a light microscope. In order to assess the possible role of the basal membrane component laminin, as well as @entity470 susceptibility to PDT, immunohistochemical studies were carried out. Additionally, nucleolar organizer regions evaluation was performed. Our experiment confirmed that PDT results in the @entity39 in the treated @entity1204 , while not affecting the laminin in the cancerous tissue. In contrast, PDT strongly affects the @entity470 and nucleolar organizer regions in @entity5 cells. We suggest that laminin may contribute to the prevention of @entity5 dissemination in the cases where PDT has to be repeated, and that after PDT the cells become less susceptible to a mitogen, like, e.g., epidermal growth factor.    1999 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

title: Photodynamic treatment of epithelial tissue derived from XXXX with @entity1204 : a contribution to the role of laminin and @entity470 in photodynamic therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'Necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity3838 :: ('MESH:D006415', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoporphyrin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity158 , which is among the most prevalent symptoms experienced by @entity5 @entity1 , must absolutely be treated. The most important biologic effects of this sort of @entity158 plays on @entity1 ' psychosociality. This is in reference to the quality of @entity158 , the amount of @entity158 and to the character of the @entity1 . Actually, @entity158 only in appearance is presented as a symptom; it is usually a disease. @entity1 assessment, the use of anticancer therapies and systematically administered non-opioid and opioid analgesics are pivotal. Practical aspects of @entity5 treatment include both drug selection, method of analgesic administration: selection of the appropriate route, dose titration and an understanding of the management of side effects. @entity158 therapy includes another series of possibilities like the use of adjuvant analgesics, psychological therapies, physiatric techniques and invasive interventions such as the use of intraspinal drugs, neural blockade and neuroablative techniques. This kind of therapy must be employed at all times, whether the case may be resolved surgically or not. So we think that @entity158 can be effectively treated. This study was carried out to obtain the correct therapeutic approach for facial @entity5 . The research was performed on seven @entity1 and thirteen @entity1 with a mean age of 58 years. All the @entity1 ' clinical appearances were standardized with care. Study @entity1 included odontostomatologists and anesthesiologists with experience of controlling @entity5 . The sensation of @entity158 was quantified by means of the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) while their psychosocial ability was assessed with the Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS). In this way the authors hoped to obtain a good quality of standardization. The study was performed for a period of two months. The conclusions are that Trans Epidermis Nervous Stimulation (TENS) offers positive results for variable periods and only in 60% of @entity1 with a low level of @entity158 . The use of antiphlogistic non-steroid drugs and of opioid drugs, with a particular management requested from the personal clinical status of each @entity1 , result as being the most effective therapeutic resource. Such therapies must be employed, whether the case may be resolved surgically or not. Nevertheless it is necessary to realize that drugs or other therapies for @entity5 are independent and propaedeutic to each surgical approach. Finally, the use of opioids is addressed in the management of @entity1 with @entity158 that is refractory to other interventions. This approach can provide adequate relief to the vast majority of @entity1 . We find the morphinomania risk in @entity5 @entity1 is not scientifically wellfounded.

title: [Management of XXXX resulting from @entity5 in oral and maxillofacial surgery].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain syndrome', 'cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'men']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['facial pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a pH-sensitive, polymer-coated oral preparation of @entity2983 in @entity1 with mildly to moderately active @entity31 . DESIGN: A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. SETTING: Five university-based medical centers, one @entity29 center, and three private practice sites. @entity1 : A total of 158 @entity1 with newly or previously diagnosed active @entity31 . INTERVENTION: A pH-sensitive, polymer-coated oral preparation of @entity2983 ( @entity2983 ) was used at 1.6 and 2.4 g/d for 6 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: Efficacy was measured by scores for stool frequency, @entity548 , @entity1 's functional assessment, sigmoidoscopic findings, and physician's global assessment. Stringent criteria for disease activity were established prospectively. RESULTS: The analysis of protocol-compliant @entity1 showed a significant improvement at 3 weeks in @entity1 taking 2.4 g/d of @entity2983 compared with @entity1 taking placebo (32% versus 9%; P = 0.003). At 6 weeks, both the 1.6 g/d (43%) and 2.4 g/d (49%) doses were significantly superior to placebo (23%) (P = 0.03 and P = 0.003, respectively). In addition, more @entity1 worsened in the placebo group compared with the 2.4 g/d group (50% versus 19%; P = 0.003); however, there was no statistically significant difference in worsening between the 1.6 g/d @entity2983 group and the placebo group. The oral @entity2983 tablet was well tolerated, and no clinically significant changes were observed in hematologic, hepatic, or renal laboratory profiles. CONCLUSION: Colon-targeted oral @entity2983 at 2.4 g/d is effective therapy for mildly to moderately active @entity31 . It is well tolerated and should provide a viable therapeutic alternative to @entity3378 .

title: Oral @entity2983 ( @entity2983 ) for mildly to moderately active XXXX . A multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfasalazine']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylic acid', 'mesalamine']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: In a series of 256 @entity1 with @entity2012 , 10 had evidence of @entity299 for which no explanation apart from the @entity2012 could be found. @entity299 presented with effort dyspnoea, @entity712 , palpitation, ECG changes or @entity1283 . Initial chest radiographs showed @entity299 in seven @entity1 . Electrocardiograms were abnormal in nine @entity1 with repolarisation disorders or @entity1757 . Rhythm disturbances were found in six. Echocardiograms were performed on six @entity1 ; all were abnormal showing left ventricular @entity1184 or impaired function. In five @entity1 radionuclide ventriculography was also performed. Cardiac catheterisation was undertaken on seven @entity1 ; all showed either @entity1184 or dilatation of the left ventricle. Coronary arteries were widely dilated in two @entity1 and in another there was dilation of the proximal segment only. In six of the 10 @entity1 , @entity2012 was cured by transsphenoidal surgery. This resulted in limited improvement of cardiac function in two @entity1 only. Of the four @entity1 who were not cured, three died and one was lost to the study. Four @entity1 in total died and autopsies were obtained in two: one showed changes suggesting @entity2401 and the other diffuse @entity82 . It is concluded that @entity2012 may infrequently lead to @entity299 , and that if recognised at an early stage progression may, in a proportion of @entity1 , be arrested by successful treatment.

title: @entity299 : influence of treatment of the XXXX on the heart.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular conduction defects']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac enlargement', 'heart disease', 'Heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity101 have an increased case fatality during acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ). Coronary collateral (CC) circulation has been proposed to reduce the risk of @entity204 during acute ischaemia. We determined whether and to @entity101 (BP) affects the presence and extent of CC circulation. A cross-sectional study in 237 @entity1 (84% males), admitted for elective coronary angioplasty between January 1998 and July 2002, was conducted. Collaterals were graded with Rentrop's classification (grade 0-3). CC presence was defined as Rentrop-grade > or =1. BP was measured twice with an inflatable cuff manometer in seated position. Pulse pressure was calculated by systolic blood pressure (SBP)-diastolic blood pressure ( @entity11559 ). Mean arterial pressure was calculated by @entity11559 +1/3 x (SBP- @entity11559 ). @entity101 was defined by a reading > or =140 mmHg. We used logistic regression with adjustment for putative confounders. SBP (odds ratio (OR) 0.86 per 10 mmHg; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73-1.00), @entity11559 (OR 0.67 per 10 mmHg; 95% CI 0.49-0.93), mean arterial pressure (OR 0.73 per 10 mmHg; 95% CI 0.56-0.94), systolic @entity101 (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.26-0.94), and antihypertensive treatment (OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.27-1.02), each were inversely associated with the presence of CCs. Also, among @entity1 with CCs, there was a graded, significant inverse relation between levels of SBP, levels of pulse pressure, and collateral extent. There is an inverse relationship between BP and the presence and extent of CC circulation in @entity1 with @entity299 .

title: XXXX is inversely related with the presence and extent of coronary collaterals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'which degree high blood pressure', 'Systolic hypertension']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['High blood pressure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and efficacy of a novel battery-operated interdental cleaning device (Oral-B Hummingbird) [ @entity25878 ], fitted with either a flossette or pick attachment, versus hand-held @entity2413 and @entity2522 when combined with manual tooth brushing over a 30-day period. METHODOLOGY: This randomized, examiner blind, parallel group study assessed three treatment groups: @entity25878 /flossette ( @entity25878 /F), @entity25878 /pick ( @entity25878 /P), and unwaxed manual dental floss. All groups used the same soft manual toothbrush and toothpaste. The 84 subjects were stratified to treatment groups based on initial whole mouth mean plaque scores, @entity2522 scores, and gender. Subjects were instructed to brush twice daily and use their assigned interdental method once daily in the evening before brushing. @entity2522 , @entity548 , and plaque were evaluated at baseline and Day 30. RESULTS: A total of 78 subjects completed all aspects of the study and were included in the analyses. There was no significant difference between treatment groups in baseline plaque, @entity2522 , and @entity548 scores. After 30 days, statistically significant reductions from baseline @entity2522 and @entity548 scores were found for all groups (p < 0.0001), but there were no significant statistical differences among groups. @entity2133 and approximal plaque scores were significantly reduced from baseline in the manual floss and @entity25878 /F groups after 30 days of product use, with no significant difference between groups. Plaque reduction for both the manual floss and @entity25878 /F groups was significantly greater than the @entity25878 /P group. All interdental cleaning methods were safe as used in the study, with no evidence of oral hard or soft tissue @entity130 . CONCLUSION: The Oral-B Hummingbird was safe and effective in reducing approximal plaque and @entity32 , and provides a useful alternative device for interdental cleaning.

title: A 30-day clinical comparison of a novel interdental cleaning device and @entity2413 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['gingival inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2413 :: ('MESH:D003773', 'Disease') :: ['dental floss in the reduction of plaque']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'gingival bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['Whole mouth']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis', 'Gingivitis']

answer: @entity2522 :: (MESH:D005891,Disease) :: ['gingivitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Axillary dissection remains a standard component of the treatment of invasive @entity0 . The presence of metastases to the regional lymph nodes guides adjuvant therapy and aids in determining prognosis. Mammography results in the discovery of small and often node-negative @entity189 of the breast. STUDY DESIGN: This 15-year, retrospective analysis investigated whether certain @entity1 with small @entity5 could be spared the morbidity of axillary dissection. RESULTS: Medical records showed that from January 1980 to May 1995, 4,543 needle localization biopsies were done at York Hospital because of abnormalities detected on mammograms. Of these, 703 (15.5 percent) proved to be @entity189 . Of the @entity189 , 68 percent were infiltrating @entity513 , 26 percent were @entity513 in situ, and 5.4 percent were @entity1137 . Axillary dissection was done on 588 @entity1 , and 88.1 percent of the @entity1 had no metastases to axillary lymph nodes. No axillary metastases were present in 109 @entity1 with @entity513 in situ who underwent axillary lymph node dissection or in 21 @entity1 with microscopic invasive @entity5 . Only two of 54 @entity1 with a T1a @entity5 ( @entity5 [ @entity5 ], < or = 0.5 cm) had positive axillary nodes. Only one of 29 @entity1 with a well-differentiated T1b @entity5 ( @entity5 , > 0.5 to < or = 1 cm) had metastatic axillary nodes. In the presence of negative axillary lymph nodes, 19.2 percent of @entity1 with a T1a @entity5 , 33.7 percent of @entity1 with a T1b @entity5 , 60 percent of @entity1 with a T1c @entity5 ( @entity5 , > 1 to < or = 2 cm), and 78.9 percent of @entity1 with a T2 @entity5 ( @entity5 , > 2 cm) were given adjuvant chemotherapy or hormonal therapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity513 in situ and microscopic invasive @entity5 do not require node dissections. Possibly @entity1 with T1a @entity5 and @entity1 with well-differentiated, @entity172 -receptor positive, @entity1420 -receptor positive, T1b @entity5 can also be spared axillary node dissection. By following this approach on occasion, @entity1 with positive nodes might not undergo axillary lymph node dissection, but they may still be offered adjuvant therapy.

title: The role of axillary dissection in mammographically detected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['infiltrating lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'T', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: @entity20393 , the most common @entity82 in infancy, usually manifests as a solitary soft tissue @entity5 and less commonly as simultaneous @entity5 in both soft tissue and bones. @entity14972 is well described in the head and neck, but cutaneous lesions rarely occur in the periorbit and orbit, where fast growth and @entity79 can mimic @entity5 . We describe a case of a solitary periorbital @entity20393 in a newborn. Treatment consisted of partial excision of the @entity5 . Histologic and immunohistochemistry analyses provided the diagnosis of @entity14972 . The @entity1 remains disease-free at 10 years of age, but with some @entity227 . @entity14972 is an uncommon @entity5 with exceptional periorbital involvement. Differential diagnosis can be difficult when it is solely based on histologic assessment. Immunohistochemistry evaluation demonstrating cytoplasmic actin filaments in neoplastic spindle cells confirms the diagnosis. As soon as the diagnosis is made, chest and abdominal imaging must be performed to evaluate the overall prognosis and direct treatment. The treatment of choice is early conservative surgery to minimize functional and/or esthetic damage. Complete @entity5 excision is not always possible. Lengthy ophthalmologic monitoring is required to detect the onset of @entity4457 .

title: Isolated XXXX : uncommon localization and long-term results after surgical management.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile fibrous disorder']

entities_list: @entity20393 :: ('MESH:D047708', 'Disease') :: ['myofibroma', 'Myofibroma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'multiple tumors', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone damage']

entities_list: @entity14972 :: ('MESH:C562978', 'Disease') :: ['Infantile myofibromatosis', 'infantile myofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity14972 :: (MESH:C562978,Disease) :: ['infantile myofibromatosis of the upper eyelid']


abstract: A case of @entity601 with @entity9960 is presented here. The @entity1 was a newly born @entity1 with a soft @entity5 in the lumbo-sacral region. The lower extremities were not paretic, but anal reflex was negative. A plain X-ray and a CT scan of the spine showed a bone spur at L3, 4. An MRI showed a longitudinal slit in the spinal conus. The removal of the septum and repair of the cele was carried out. The operative view showed a bony septum which divided the spinal conus into two parts and nerves had spread out on the cele wall. After removal of the septum, the tethered cord was released. The postoperative condition remained stable. The reason for the occurrence of a combined case of @entity601 with @entity9960 is not clear. We presume that abnormality of the mesoderm at the embryonic stage may have an effect on this sort of disorder.

title: [A case of @entity601 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['diastematomyelia']

entities_list: @entity9960 :: ('MESH:D008591', 'Disease') :: ['meningomyelocele']

answer: @entity9960 :: (MESH:D008591,Disease) :: ['meningomyelocele']


abstract: @entity2220 cells harboring @entity470 ( @entity470 ) mutations are sensitive to @entity470 @entity669 kinase inhibitors (TKIs), including @entity4562 . Acquired resistance to @entity470 -TKIs develops after prolonged treatments. The study was prompt to explore effective strategies against resistance to @entity470 -TKIs. We established @entity4562 resistant @entity756 cells which harbor @entity470 exon 19 deletion. Known mechanisms for intrinsic or acquired @entity470 -TKI resistance, including @entity984 mutation, @entity1722 mutation, @entity470 @entity9513 mutation and @entity74 , were studied, and we did not observe any known mechanisms for intrinsic or acquired resistance to @entity470 -TKIs in the resistant cells. In the parental @entity756 cells, labeled as @entity756 /wt, @entity4562 completely inhibited EGF-induced phosphorylation of @entity470 , @entity584 and @entity22166 . @entity4562 inhibited @entity470 phosphorylation, but was unable to block EGF-induced phosphorylation of @entity22166 in resistant cells, labeled as @entity756 /gef cells, including @entity756 /gefB4, @entity756 /gefE3, and @entity756 /gefE7 subclones. We detected NRAS @entity34502 mutation in the @entity756 /gef cells but not the @entity756 /wt cells. @entity8047 inhibitors, either @entity17528 or @entity22130 , inhibited @entity22166 phosphorylation and sensitized @entity4562 -induced @entity137 in @entity756 /gef cells. Whereas @entity8047 inhibitors or @entity4562 alone did not activate caspases in @entity756 /gef cells, combination of @entity4562 and @entity17528 or @entity22130 induced apoptosis. Our in  vivo studies showed that @entity4562 inhibited growth of @entity756 /wt xenografts but not @entity756 /gef xenografts. Furthermore, combination of a @entity8047 inhibitor and @entity4562 inhibited growth of both @entity756 /wt xenografts and @entity756 /gefB4 xenografts. To conclude, persistent activation of @entity22166 pathway contributes to the acquired @entity4562 -resistance. Combined treatment of @entity4562 and @entity8047 inhibitors may be therapeutically useful for acquired @entity4562 -resistance lung @entity420 cells harboring @entity470 mutations.

title: XXXX inhibitors reverse resistance in @entity470 mutation lung cancer cells with acquired resistance to @entity4562 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['Gefitinib', 'gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity34502 :: ('p|SUB|Q|61|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Q61K']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['MET gene amplification']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['Lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity8047 :: (5609,Gene) :: ['MEK']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Radiotherapy (RT) has been used for many years in order to complete the cure of unsuccessfully operated acromegalic @entity1 . Several studies have shown its efficacy in normalizing GH levels, while reports about @entity442 normalization are conflicting. Moreover, data regarding other markers of disease activity, such as @entity2301 and @entity2777 ( @entity2777 ), i.e. the other two components of the circulating 150 kDa complex, are lacking. DESIGN: Retrospective study. @entity1 AND MEASUREMENTS: Sixty-seven acromegalic @entity1 (20 males and 47 females, aged 40 +/- 6 years) who underwent postoperative RT (in fractionated doses for a total of 40-75 Gy) were followed-up for 11 +/- 6 years (range: 1-26 years, median: 10 years). Serum GH and @entity442 levels off medical therapy were measured in all @entity1 ; @entity2777 and @entity2301 were measured in 11 @entity1 with normalization of @entity442 concentrations. Computed tomography or nuclear magnetic resonance imaging periodically assessed possible development of @entity4611 along with imaging of the hypothalamic-pituitary region. RESULTS: Forty-one out of 67 @entity1 (58%) achieved GH levels < 2.5 microg/l by 1-15 years after RT (mean 8 +/- 6) and 37/67 @entity1 (55%) had normal or low @entity442 levels 1-26 years after RT (mean: 12 +/- 6), a normalization of both parameters being seen in 37 @entity1 . GH < 2.5 microg/l and normal @entity442 levels were achieved in 17/26 (65%) @entity1 followed-up for at least 15 years. @entity2777 and @entity2301 concentrations paralleled @entity442 levels in all @entity1 studied. With respect to secondary @entity4614 , acquired @entity16054 was found in 25 @entity1 , @entity1220 in 20, @entity7103 in 23 and @entity2338 in seven. In total, two cases of @entity1653 and one @entity979 , possibly related to RT, were seen 9-22 years after RT. CONCLUSIONS: RT is an effective, although slow-acting, therapeutic tool for @entity2012 , with 'safe' GH levels and normal @entity442 concentrations being achieved in 65% of @entity1 after 15 years. @entity442 levels normalize more slowly than GH levels. Radiotherapy is able to normalize the concentration of all three components of the circulating 150 kDa complex. Checks for loss of pituitary function and appearance of second @entity1313 must be carried out life-long.

title: Efficacy of radiotherapy in normalizing serum XXXX , @entity2777 ( @entity2777 ) and @entity2301 levels in @entity2012 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['GH deficiency']

entities_list: @entity7103 :: ('MESH:C535764', 'Disease') :: ['gonadotropin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1220 :: ('MESH:D006964', 'Disease') :: ['TSH deficiency']

entities_list: @entity979 :: ('MESH:D010871', 'Disease') :: ['pineal tumour']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary deficiency']

entities_list: @entity16054 :: ('MESH:C562707', 'Disease') :: ['ACTH deficiency']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity2777 :: ('MESH:D005166', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'acid-labile subunit']

answer: @entity442 :: (3479,Gene) :: ['IGF-I']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of class III antiarrhythmic drugs (ADIII) has been considered a good predictor of sinus rhythm in @entity1 post-cardioversion from @entity955 ( @entity955 ). Several studies using frequency domain analysis of signal-averaged ECG (FDSAECG) of the P wave were able to identify @entity1 at risk for @entity955 . The aim of this study was to assess the FDSAECG in predicting recurrence of idiopathic persistent @entity955 (IPAF) in @entity1 under ADIII therapy. METHODS: In 33 @entity1 with two or more previous symptomatic episodes of IPAF, despite classes I and II therapy, the FDSAECG of the P wave was performed during sinus rhythm and free-drug state. The parameters were the mean and standard deviation of the frequency intersegmentar spectral correlation and the standard deviation of the signal frequency edge track. During the follow-up of 30 +/- 18 months, all @entity1 received either @entity2643 or @entity2778 . RESULTS: During the follow-up, the @entity1 were divided into two groups: Group I-frequent recurrence (>or= three events/year; 16 @entity1 ), and Group II-infrequent recurrence (< three events/year; 17 @entity1 ). With appropriate cutoff points for each parameter analyzed, intense fragmented electrical activity defined by the presence of at least two abnormal criteria were observed in 13 of 16 @entity1 group I and in 3 of 17 @entity1 group II (P = 0.0003). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for frequent recurrence were 81.3, 82.4, 81.3, and 82.4, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that FDSAECG analysis of the P wave accurately predicted @entity1 whose ADIII therapy will be effective in maintaining the sinus rhythm without frequent recurrence of IPAF.

title: The frequency analysis of signal-averaged ECG of P wave as predictor of efficacy of class III antiarrhythmic drugs to maintain sinus rhythm in recurrent idiopathic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity195 pathology frequently coexists with @entity1832 at autopsy in @entity1 with probable @entity303 with @entity1832 . More than half of @entity1 with probable @entity303 with @entity1832 have high amyloid-b deposition as measured with (11)C-Pittsburgh compound B binding on positron emission tomography. Biomarkers of amyloid-b deposition precede @entity179 on magnetic resonance imaging during the progression of @entity195 , but little is known about how amyloid-b deposition relates to longitudinal progression of @entity194 in @entity1 with probable @entity303 with @entity1832 . We investigated the associations between baseline (11)C-Pittsburgh compound B binding on positron emission tomography and the longitudinal rates of grey matter @entity194 in a cohort of clinically diagnosed @entity1 with @entity303 with @entity1832 (n = 20), who were consecutively recruited to the Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre. All @entity1 underwent (11)C-Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging examinations at baseline. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging was performed after a mean (standard deviation) interval of 2.5 (1.1) years. Regional grey matter loss was determined on three-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with the tensor-based morphometry-symmetric normalization technique. Linear regression was performed between baseline (11)C-Pittsburgh compound B standard unit value ratio and longitudinal change in regional grey matter volumes from an in-house modified atlas. We identified significant associations between greater baseline (11)C-Pittsburgh compound B standard unit value ratio and greater grey matter loss over time in the posterior cingulate gyrus, lateral and medial temporal lobe, and occipital lobe as well as caudate and putamen nuclei, after adjusting for age (P < 0.05). Greater baseline (11)C-Pittsburgh compound B standard unit value ratio was also associated with greater ventricular expansion rates (P < 0.01) and greater worsening over time in Clinical @entity303 Rating Scale, sum of boxes (P = 0.02). In conclusion, in @entity1 with probable @entity303 with @entity1832 , higher amyloid-b deposition at baseline is predictive of faster @entity179 in the cortex and also in the striatum. This distribution is suggestive of possible interactions among amyloid-b, tau and a-synuclein aggregates, which needs further investigation. Furthermore, higher amyloid-b deposition at baseline predicts a faster clinical decline over time in @entity1 with probable @entity303 with @entity1832 .

title: Amyloid-b deposition and regional grey matter @entity194 rates in XXXX with @entity1832 .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['Lewy body disease', 'Lewy bodies']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy has been applied to the treatment of early @entity356 in Japan. So far, several studies about comparison between laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy and conventional open distal gastrectomy were reported. However, there are few reports on the laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomy, mainly because this procedure is performed relatively infrequently, and the procedure is more difficult than laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy. This was a case-control study comparing between laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomy group and open total gastrectomy group. From June 2001 to August 2004, laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomy was performed in 20 @entity1 . Reconstruction was performed by Roux-en-Y method or Roux-en-Y with jejunal pouch method through the mini-laparotomy. These cases were compared with 19 cases of open total gastrectomy, regarding operating time, @entity190 , leukocyte count, @entity1851 , time to the first passage of gas, time to initiate oral intake, and postoperative hospital stay.Laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomy was successful in 20 @entity1 . The mean operating time was 280 minutes and @entity190 was 227.5 mL. Leukocyte counts on days 1, 3, and 7 were significantly lower in laparoscopic surgery group than in open surgery group. The time to first flatus, time to initiate oral intake, and postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter (P < 0.05) in the laparoscopic surgery group than in the open surgery group. This study demonstrated that laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomy is suitable and feasible for early @entity356 and has the advantage of a shorter recovery time compared with open total gastrectomy.

title: Laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomy for early XXXX : comparison with conventional open total gastrectomy.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: Study Type - Therapy (phase 1) Level of Evidence   2a What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? High-risk and locally advanced @entity263 are difficult to cure with the standard regimen of @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) with concurrent @entity342 -deprivation therapy (ADT). Multiple studies have explored the addition of @entity1205 chemotherapy in attempt to improve @entity1 outcomes. Prior Phase I studies have shown that @entity1205 20   mg/m(2) is a safe dose, when given concurrently with 70   Gy of radiation. But current standard @entity1161 for @entity263 uses higher doses, and it is unclear if concurrent chemotherapy is safe with modern @entity1161 . This is a Phase I study that explored the addition of concurrent @entity1205 chemotherapy to modern @entity1161 (intensity-modulated @entity1161 to 78   Gy) plus ADT. The study showed that weekly @entity1205 at 20   mg/m(2) is safe with modern @entity1161 . At a median follow-up of 2.2 years, biochemical progression-free survival was 94%. This triple-therapy regimen is safe and promising for further evaluation in prospective trials. OBJECTIVE:        To evaluate in a phase I trial, the feasibility of adding concurrent weekly @entity1205 chemotherapy to high-dose intensity modulated @entity1161 (IMRT) and @entity342 -deprivation therapy (ADT) for treatment of high-risk @entity263 . @entity1 AND METHODS:        @entity1 with high-risk @entity263 were treated with a luteinising hormone-releasing hormone agonist (starting 2-3 months before IMRT and lasting 2 years), IMRT of 78   Gy to the prostate and seminal vesicles, and weekly @entity1205 during @entity1161 .        All @entity1 had computed tomography and bone scans to exclude @entity3 .        A standard 3   +   3 design was used for @entity1205 dose escalation. Successive @entity1 were treated on dose levels of 10, 15, and 20   mg/m(2) of weekly @entity1205 . RESULTS:        In all, 18 @entity1 participated in the study: 15 (83%) had Gleason 8-10 disease; the other three had either clinical T3 disease and/or a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of >20   ng/mL.        Grade 3 @entity294 (a defined dose-limiting @entity137 , DLT) occurred in one @entity1 in each of the first two dose levels. However, when the cohorts were expanded, no further DLT was seen.        Weekly @entity1205 at 20   mg/m(2) (dose level 3) was successfully given without DLT.        No @entity1 had grade 4 or 5 @entity137 .        At a median follow-up of 2.2 years, all @entity1 achieved a PSA nadir of <1   ng/mL, including 13 @entity1 who had an undetectable PSA level. The 2-year biochemical progression-free survival was 94%. CONCLUSION:        A dose of 20   mg/m(2) of weekly @entity1205 given concurrently with high-dose IMRT and ADT appears safe for further study in @entity1 with high-risk @entity263 .

title: Phase I study of concurrent weekly @entity1205 , high-dose intensity-modulated @entity1161 (IMRT) and @entity342 -deprivation therapy (ADT) for high-risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancers', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: 1. Despite the high prevalence of @entity16251 , this disorder is found to be the focus of research only minimally. 2. This open study evaluates the efficacy and tolerance of @entity903 in 11 @entity1 with DSM-III-R @entity16251 . 3. Using paired samples t-test, a significant reduction on measures of @entity16251 was found after 12 weeks of treatment compared to baseline. Two @entity1 dropped out prematurely. At post-test, eight out of nine @entity1 who completed the study had improved to a clinically relevant degree. Of these, five attained scores in the reach of the normal population. 4. In one @entity1 who completed the study and one @entity1 who dropped out, tolerance of @entity903 was poor, whereas in remaining @entity1 tolerance was moderate to good. 5. The results of this study suggest that @entity1 with @entity16251 may be responsive to @entity903 . A controlled study is recommended.

title: An open study of @entity903 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity16251 :: ('MESH:D006998', 'Disease') :: ['hypochondriasis']

answer: @entity16251 :: (MESH:D006998,Disease) :: ['hypochondriasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the results from one of the eight original U.S. centers performing laparoscopic adjustable @entity1346 gastric banding (LASGB), a new minimally invasive surgical technique for treatment of morbid @entity28 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Laparoscopic adjustable @entity1346 gastric banding is under evaluation by the Food _ Drug Administration in the United States in an initial cohort of 300 @entity1 . METHODS: Of 37 @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic placement of the LASGB device, successful placement occurred in 36 from March 1996 to May 1998. @entity1 have been followed up for up to 4 years. RESULTS: Five @entity1 (14%) have been lost to follow-up for more than 2 years but at last available follow-up (3-18 months after surgery) had achieved only 18% (range 5-38%) excess @entity353 . African American @entity1 had poor @entity353 after LASGB compared with whites. The LASGB devices were removed in 15 (41%) @entity1 10 days to 42 months after surgery. Four @entity1 underwent simple removal; 11 were converted to gastric bypass. The most common reason for removal was inadequate @entity353 in the presence of a functioning band. The primary reasons for removal in others were @entity281 , leakage from the inflatable @entity1346 ring causing inadequate @entity353 , or band slippage. The @entity1 with band slippage had concomitant poor @entity353 . Bands were removed in two others as a result of symptoms related to @entity384 . In 18 of 25 @entity1 (71%) who underwent preoperative and long-term postoperative contrast evaluation, a significantly increased esophageal diameter developed; of these, 13 (72%) had prominent @entity1282 , @entity391 , or reflux symptoms. Of the remaining 21 @entity1 with bands, 8 currently desire removal and conversion to gastric bypass for inadequate @entity353 . Six of the remaining @entity1 have persistent morbid @entity28 at least 2 years after surgery but refuse to undergo further surgery or claim to be satisfied with the results. Overall, only four @entity1 achieved a body-mass index of less than 35 and/or at least a 50% reduction in excess weight. Thus, the overall need for band removal and conversion to @entity22645 in this series will ultimately exceed 50%. CONCLUSIONS: The authors did not find LASGB to be an effective procedure for the surgical treatment of morbid @entity28 . Complications after LASGB include @entity384 , band leakage, @entity281 , erosion, and slippage. Inadequate @entity353 is common, particularly in African American @entity1 . More study is required to determine the long-term efficacy of the LASGB

title: High failure rate after laparoscopic adjustable @entity1346 gastric banding for treatment of morbid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Between 1981 and 1991, 348 Swanson metacarpophalangeal replacements were implanted in @entity1 with @entity309 . There were 64 female and seven male @entity1 . Both hands were reconstructed in 18 @entity1 . Clinically, 170 implants were available for an average of 5.2 years (range, 2-10 years) followup. Severe @entity603 was seen in 7% of metacarpophalangeal joints, moderate @entity603 in 25%, slight @entity603 in 17%, and @entity603 was not present in 51%. @entity158 was found to be severe in 4% of the joints, moderate in 3%, slight in 39%, and not present in 54% of the joints. The average preoperative active arc of motion was 38 degrees, and the average postoperative arc of motion was 27 degrees. Eleven of 12 @entity174 found were revised. There were no infections. Functionally, of 58 @entity1 assessed, 58 (100%) reported the ability to feed themselves, 55 (94%) to button clothes, and 54 (93%) to write. Quality radiographs were available in 144 joints. Eighty-four percent of implants showed @entity1463 of bone and 8% showed resorption adjacent to the implant. Survivorship analysis revealed a 94% success rate at 5 years, 93% at 7 years, and 90% at 10 years using the end point of revision surgery.

title: Swanson metacarpophalangeal joint arthroplasty in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To improve @entity6 screening efforts, the American @entity6 Association now recommends haemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) as a diagnostic test, increasing access to @entity1 found in acute care environments. However, the influence of @entity697 and care on HbA(1c) levels has not been well studied. To address this, we evaluated for intra- @entity1 differences in HbA(1c) assessed in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) and after recovery from the @entity697 . METHODS: Adult @entity1 with no known history of @entity6 were tested for HbA(1c) during an @entity341 and scheduled follow-up visit. HbA(1c) differences between the two visits were compared using limits of agreement with 95% confidence intervals. The frequency of individuals who changed diagnostic categories (using >= 6.5% to classify newly diagnosed @entity6 ) from @entity341 to follow-up was determined. RESULTS: A total of 589 @entity1 were included with a mean age of 50 years, and 57/589 (9.7%) had an @entity341 HbA(1c)    >=    6.5% with the average follow-up visit 45 days after the @entity341 visit. The mean @entity341 HbA(1c) was 5.67% (  0.86), and the follow-up HbA(1c) was 5.65% (  0.89), (difference -0.0129%, 95% limits of agreement -0.740, 0.714). The @entity341 and follow-up HbA(1c) was highly correlated (r     =   0.829). Although on follow-up almost all @entity1 were classified in the same diagnostic category as in the @entity341 , 17 @entity1 had an HbA(1c)    >=    6.5% in the @entity341 and an HbA(1c)    <   6.5%. On follow-up most @entity1 (14/17) still fell in an abnormal range (6.0-6.5%). CONCLUSION: The HbA(1c) value is not substantially affected by @entity697 and is feasible as a screening assay for @entity6 in the acute care setting such as an @entity341 .

title: The impact of XXXX on HbA(1c) determination of undiagnosed @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute illness']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute illness']


abstract: The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group reported a maximum tolerated dose of 74 Gy for @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ); however, it was unclear whether this dose could be safely administered to Asian @entity1 due to differences in their physique compared to Western @entity1 . We therefore conducted a modified Phase I trial to determine whether 70 Gy could be safely delivered to Chinese @entity1 with @entity1149 undergoing 3D-conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) with concurrent chemotherapy. Previously untreated @entity1149 @entity1 received 3D-CRT (2 Gy/day, 5 fractions per week). Three dose levels were examined: 62, 66 and 70 Gy. Two cycles of concurrent chemotherapy ( @entity1206 and @entity3003 ) were started on the first day of radiation therapy. Dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) was defined as severe or life-threatening side effects that altered the continued implementation of chemoradiotherapy. Among the 19 @entity1 recruited in this study, most of the haematologic and non-haematologic @entity137 were mild to moderate and clinically manageable. Only one @entity1 , in the 70 Gy cohort, experienced a DLT of Grade 3 radiation-induced @entity55 . The overall response rate was 77.8% (14/18). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 12 months, and the 1-year PFS was 37.6%. Our results support both the feasibility of incorporating 3D-CRT with concurrent @entity1206 and @entity3003 and a dose escalation to 70 Gy for Chinese @entity1 with @entity1149 , based on the acceptable @entity137 and encouraging overall response and survival rates. A further evaluation of this regimen in a prospective Phase II trial is ongoing.

title: A modified Phase I trial of radiation dose escalation in 3D conformal radiation therapy with concurrent XXXX and @entity3003 chemotherapy for @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['vinorelbine']


abstract: In addition to the conventional World Health Organization (WHO) classification of @entity1988 ( @entity631 ), various concomitant approaches have been introduced in the evaluation of renal biopsies of @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) in order to increase the impact of biopsies on the decision concerning the most appropriate therapy as well as for establishing the prognosis. Three hundred and seventy kidney tissue samples from 267 @entity1252 @entity1 were analysed using standardised light, electron and immunofluorescence microscopic techniques. In 155 @entity1 , a comparative clinical follow-up study and statistical analysis were performed. The study highlighted the heterogeneity of WHO classes IV and III, which include 5 and 6 different conventional histomorphologic types of @entity631 , respectively. Mixed membranous and proliferative @entity631 associated with "full-house" mesangial-transmembranous immune deposits, demonstrated in more than one third of our @entity1252 cases, appears to be diagnostically most characteristic. Immune deposits distributed in the glomeruli in five different patterns, obviously play a major role in the pathogenesis of various WHO classes and histomorphologic types of @entity1988 . Additional mechanisms related to the occurrence of antiphospholipid antibodies and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies are suggested to contribute to the histomorphologic heterogeneity of WHO class III and @entity1988 , particularly to the development of @entity715 , @entity4685 and crescentic glomerular lesions. In the present study, a statistically significant association was demonstrated between increasing mean values of the activity index and glomerular deposit distribution patterns labeled by subendothelial deposits. Furthermore, a significant correlation was established between an increasing risk of developing @entity177 and increasing mean values of the chronicity index. Differences in the increasing risk of developing @entity177 between groups with different histomorphologic types of @entity631 and different immune deposit distribution patterns were not statistically significant. The surprisingly high renal survival rate of more than 80% noted in @entity1252 @entity1 with predominantly @entity4685 crescentic @entity631 during the mean follow-up period of 40 months appears to be related to the more aggressive treatment of those @entity1 . Our study confirmed a significant role of the WHO classification of @entity1988 in the decision concerning the most appropriate treatment and prognostication. An increasing risk of irreversible @entity177 in @entity1 with WHO class IV lesions in contrast to those of WHO class III and in contrast to those of the category incorporating all other WHO classes was shown to be statistically significant.

title: Correlation among WHO classes, histomorphologic patterns of @entity631 and glomerular immune deposits in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'lupus']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus GN', 'lupus glomerulonephritis', 'IV lupus GN']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity4685 :: ('MESH:D009187', 'Disease') :: ['necrotising']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['SLE']


abstract: Adenoviruses offer great potential as gene therapy agents but are limited by the strong inflammatory response that occurs in response to the recombinant virus. Since the degree of @entity32 correlates in part with the potential of the viral vector for replication, we constructed a @entity26508 ( @entity26508 ) deletion mutant adenovirus type 5 vector, Ad5dl308DeltapTPbeta-gal, that is replication incompetent due to deletion of the @entity26508 gene and that has the E1 genes replaced by the @entity526 lacZ reporter gene under the control of the @entity2803 major immediate-early promoter. This virus was compared with a first-generation, replication-defective adenovirus vector, Ad5dl308beta-gal, that is isogenic except that it contains a wild-type @entity26508 gene. To examine transduction efficiency and induction of @entity32 , we developed a novel system involving intradermal injection of BALB/c @entity19 ears. @entity19 ears can be accurately measured to determine the degree of @entity4 as an indirect measurement of @entity32 . @entity4 and @entity32 were induced in a dose- and time-dependent manner by both viruses and correlated well. LacZ activity correlated inversely with @entity4 and @entity32 . The @entity26508 -defective vector Ad5dl308DeltapTPbeta-gal transduced @entity19 ears much more efficiently and induced @entity4 and inflammatory cell infiltration approximately 10-fold less efficiently than the first-generation vector Ad5dl308beta-gal. The diminished inflammatory response and increased efficiency of transduction observed with Ad5dl308DeltapTPbeta-gal indicate its promise as a gene therapy agent for other tissues. The results also demonstrate that the @entity19 ear model offers potential for the study of adenovirus-induced @entity32 because of the ready access of the ears, the relative ease of continuous measurement, and the sensitivity to adenovirus transducing vectors.

title: A replication-incompetent adenovirus vector with the @entity26508 gene deleted efficiently transduces XXXX ears.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'Edema']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of intravenous empiric treatment with @entity2889 compared with @entity5505 - @entity2890 in @entity1 with @entity1729 . DESIGN: Prospective, nonblind, randomized trial. SETTING: Multicenter trial conducted at 22 centers. @entity1 : Two hundred eleven @entity1 were enrolled and 121 were evaluable for the analysis of both clinical and bacteriologic efficacy. INTERVENTIONS: One hundred four @entity1 were randomized to receive intravenous @entity2889 (1000 mg) every 8 hrs and 107 @entity1 were randomized to receive intravenous @entity5505 (2000 mg) plus @entity2890 (1 mg/kg) every 8 hrs. Sixty-three @entity2889 -treated @entity1 and 58 @entity5505 - @entity2890 -treated @entity1 were eligible for the analysis of clinical and bacteriologic efficacy. In the @entity5505 - @entity2890 group, 32 (55%) evaluable @entity1 received more than six doses of @entity2890 , 24 (41%) received six doses or fewer, and two (3%) did not receive any @entity2890 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The analysis of efficacy was based on the clinical and bacteriologic responses at the end of treatment. Satisfactory clinical responses occurred in 56 (89%) of 63 of the @entity2889 -treated @entity1 and in 42 (72%) of 58 of the @entity5505 - @entity2890 -treated @entity1 (p = .04). Corresponding bacteriologic response rates were 89% and 67%, respectively (p = .006). The frequency and profile of drug-related adverse events was similar across treatment groups. @entity410 were reported in three @entity2889 -treated @entity1 , but these @entity410 were considered by the investigator to be unrelated to treatment. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2889 is well tolerated and more efficacious than the combination of @entity5505 and @entity2890 for the initial empiric treatment of hospital-acquired @entity2028 .

title: Empiric treatment of XXXX with @entity2889 or @entity5505 with @entity2890 : a randomized study. @entity2889 Lower @entity1729 Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem', 'Meropenem']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['hospital-acquired lower respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['hospital-acquired lower respiratory tract infections']


abstract: @entity715 resulting from blood platelet aggregation via glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor activation triggers the local release of vasoactive substances. Therefore, inhibition of these receptors could affect coronary vasoactive function during @entity715 coronary arteriostenosis. Twenty @entity1707 were instrumented with an aortic catheter and with hydraulic occluders and flow probes on both the left anterior descending (LAD) and the left circumflex (LCx) coronary arteries. One of these 2 coronary arteries was repeatedly injured by external clamping for 15-second periods at 30-minute intervals while the @entity1707 were given either a @entity25412 /IIIa receptor inhibitor (L-739,758) (n=5), heparin (n=5), @entity117 (n=3), or saline (n=7). There were no baseline differences between the 4 groups in mean arterial pressure, resting coronary blood flow (CBF), or reactive hyperemic response (RHR), which was induced by brief @entity1563 and expressed as flow debt repayment. After @entity1230 , resting CBF had decreased by 95+/-2% (ie, nearly complete @entity1563 ) at 15+/-4 minutes in the control group, whereas in the heparin-, @entity117 -, and @entity25412 /IIIa inhibitor-treated groups, resting CBF had decreased by only 21+/-7% at 18+/-3 minutes, 15+/-3% at 18+/-5 minutes, and 15+/-7% at 21+/-4 minutes, respectively, suggesting that heparin, @entity117 , and the @entity25412 /IIIa inhibitor each prevented @entity453 . After the @entity130 , the RHR was progressively reduced in the control and heparin- and @entity117 -treated groups but not in the @entity25412 /IIIa inhibitor-treated group. At a comparable level of resting CBF ( approximately 15% below baseline), the RHR was reduced more in the control (-56+/-9%), heparin-treated (-49+/-9%), and @entity117 -treated (-61+/-12) groups (P:<0.05) than in the @entity25412 /IIIa inhibitor-treated group (-26+/-6%). When the resting CBF had decreased by approximately 35%, the RHR still was reduced significantly more (P<0.01) in the heparin-treated group (-64+/-9%) than in the @entity25412 /IIIa inhibitor-treated group (-21+/-6%). In a separate group of control @entity1707 (n=4) subjected to 2 injuries, coronary perfusion pressure distal to the injury site was reduced by 14+/-1 mm Hg from the arterial pressure, and the RHR was 20+/-6%. When the distal coronary perfusion pressure was reduced similarly (-14+/-1 mm Hg) in a separate group of @entity25412 /IIIa inhibitor-treated @entity1707 (n=4) by 2 injuries and the use of a hydraulic occluder, the RHR was 130+/-16% (P<0.01 versus control). Our data demonstrate for the first time that a platelet @entity25412 /IIIa receptor inhibitor can preserve the distal coronary vasodilatory response during progressive coronary arteriostenosis.

title: Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor preserves coronary flow reserve during progressive coronary arteriostenosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['injury-induced coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic', 'Thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['initial injury']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: The ability of @entity1 peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBMNC) to incorporate tritiated thymidine upon stimulation with concanavalin A, to perform natural cytotoxic (NK) activity and to form two types of spontaneous "rosettes" with @entity742 red blood cells (SRBC) upon in vitro treatment with membrane channel blockers of different specificity was estimated. All five channel blockers used, i.e., @entity1855 , @entity594 , @entity3988 , @entity34138 and @entity5128 exerted a biphasic, dose-dependent effect on the Con A-induced proliferation of PBMNC. @entity1855 , @entity34138 and @entity594 significantly increased the percentage of PBMNC forming spontaneously "active" rosettes with the SRBC. All channel modifiers tested for this ability decreased the percentage of PBMNC forming "late" rosettes. Natural killer activity was significantly decreased in the presence of micromolar concentrations of @entity460 antagonists as well as when the cells were treated with @entity5128 . The results of all four parameters tested were also compared with these obtained in a group of @entity1 treated with 300 mg per day @entity1855 for two weeks preceding the tests. In this case we have found that treatment in vivo significantly decreased the response of PBMNC to mitogen stimulation, but it was without effect on either NK @entity137 or rosette formation. Cells of @entity1855 -treated @entity1 did not show increased response to Con A in the presence of low concentration of the blocker in vitro. Also, they were not able to form more "active" rosettes when treated with 1-100 nM @entity1855 . We believe that apparent bi-directional pattern of action of @entity460 , @entity1372 and @entity972 channel blockers on the proliferation and rosette formation of @entity1 PBMNC can be explained by two sets of events producing opposite results. First, we suggest that at respectively low concentrations of the blockers all of them generate uniform modulation of transmembrane electrical potential (depolarization) of lymphocytes. Depolarization promotes cell adhesion and is probably beneficial for early stages of the response to mitogen. At higher concentrations, this effect is overshadowed by other pharmacological actions of the blockers, of mostly inhibitory character.

title: Comparison of effect of a panel of membrane channel blockers on the proliferative, cytotoxic and cytoadherence abilities of XXXX peripheral blood lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity34138 :: ('MESH:D012530', 'Chemical') :: ['saxitoxin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: Several new extended prostate biopsy schemes (greater than 6 cores) have been proposed. We compared the @entity5 detection rates and complications of different extended prostate biopsy schemes for diagnostic evaluation in @entity1 scheduled for biopsy to identify the optimal scheme. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a systematic review we searched 13 electronic databases, screened relevant urological journals and the reference lists of included studies, and contacted experts. We included studies that compared different systematic prostate biopsy methods using sequential sampling or a randomized design in @entity1 scheduled for biopsy due to suspected @entity263 . We pooled data using a random effects model when appropriate. RESULTS: We analyzed 87 studies with a total of 20,698 @entity1 . We pooled data from 68 studies comparing a total of 94 extended schemes with the standard sextant scheme. An increasing number of cores were significantly associated with the @entity5 yield. Laterally directed cores increased the yield significantly (p = 0.003), whereas centrally directed cores did not. Schemes with 12 cores that took additional laterally directed cores detected 31% more @entity5 (95% CI 25 to 37) than the sextant scheme. Schemes with 18 to 24 cores did not detect significantly more @entity5 . Adverse events for schemes up to 12 cores were similar to those for the sextant pattern. Adverse event reporting was poor for schemes with 18 to 24 cores. CONCLUSIONS: Prostate biopsy schemes consisting of 12 cores that add laterally directed cores to the standard sextant scheme strike the balance between the @entity5 detection rate and adverse events. Taking more than 12 cores added no significant benefit.

title: Diagnostic value of systematic biopsy methods in the investigation of XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Heat stress alters epithelial barrier function, and heat stress preconditioning protects epithelial function from injury. @entity2284 is a small stress protein that has previously been shown to modulate actin assembly. Thus, by regulating actin filaments associated with cell junctions, @entity2284 could alter epithelial function. To begin to address this hypothesis, the regulation and distribution of a @entity1 @entity2284 -green fluorescence fusion protein ((EGFP) @entity2284 ) that is expressed in cultured renal epithelial cells was assessed. (EGFP) @entity2284 , like the endogenous @entity2284 , associated with the cytoskeleton in heat-stressed and chemically @entity855 -depleted cells, and both proteins were regulated similarly. Confocal microscopy of intact and detergent-lysed cells revealed novel distribution patterns in which (EGFP) @entity2284 associated with basolateral, but not apical, cell borders in injured cells. Double labeling studies revealed (EGFP) @entity2284 and actin filament colocalization in @entity855 -depleted cells. However, during @entity1457 , granules of (EGFP) @entity2284 were found at sites of cell-cell contact and in the cell body, but colocalization with actin was not apparent. Thus, heat stress and @entity855 depletion induce distinct patterns of @entity2284 redistribution in epithelial cells, and sites of cell-cell and cell-substrate attachment are unique in their ability to recruit @entity2284 during injury. The association of (EGFP) @entity2284 with basolateral cell boundaries supports a potential role for @entity2284 in protection or regulation of epithelial cell-cell and cell-substrate attachments.

title: @entity1457 protein 27 associates with basolateral cell boundaries in heat-shocked and XXXX -depleted epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the associations between physical @entity410 , leisure physical activity, and coronary risk factors. DESIGN: This was a cross sectional study of a random sample of @entity1 and @entity1 , following a population survey. SETTING: The municipality of Troms  , Norway in 1986-1987. @entity1 : All @entity1 born 1925-1966 and all @entity1 born 1930-1966 were invited to the survey; 21,826 subjects attended (81% of the eligible population): of these, 297 @entity1 and 312 @entity1 , randomly selected, attended the present study (attendance rates 94% in @entity1 and 89% in @entity1 ). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Fitness was tested by bicycle ergometry. Physical activity was reported on a questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis was performed with @entity410 and leisure activity as dependent variables, and coronary risk factors as independent variables. Fitness and leisure activity were positively related (p less than 0.05). Prominent findings for @entity410 were negative associations with age and smoking (p less than 0.05), and positive associations with body mass index in both sexes (p less than 0.01). HDL @entity165 and systolic blood pressure were significant predictors of @entity410 in @entity1 (p less than 0.01). Smoking emerged as a strong negative predictor for leisure activity in @entity1 (p less than 0.01), and a negative relation between leisure activity and total @entity165 was found in @entity1 (p less than 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The study indicates that coronary risk factors are more closely linked to physical @entity410 than to leisure physical activity.

title: The Troms   study: physical XXXX , self reported physical activity, and their relationship to other coronary risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['fitness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1307 interacts with @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and stimulates endothelial cell mitosis and motility; thus it may be of importance in the complex phenomenon of wound healing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 (rHuEPO) on experimental burn wounds. DESIGN: Randomized experiment. SETTING: Research laboratory. SUBJECTS: C57BL/6 male @entity19 weighing 25-30 g. INTERVENTIONS: @entity19 were immersed in 80 degrees C water for 10 secs to achieve a deep-dermal second degree burn. Animals were randomized to receive either rHuEPO (400 units/kg/day for 14 days in 100 microL subcutaneously) or its vehicle alone (100 microl/day distilled water for 14 days subcutaneously). On day 14 the animals were killed. Burn areas were used for histologic examination, evaluation of neoangiogenesis by immunohistochemistry, and expression (Western blot) of the specific endothelial marker @entity2279 as well as quantification of microvessel density, measurement of @entity7 wound content (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), expression (Western blot) of endothelial and inducible @entity842 synthases, and determination of wound @entity842 (NO) products. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: rHuEPO increased burn wound reepithelialization and reduced the time to final wound closure. These effects were completely abated by a passive immunization with specific antibodies against @entity1307 . rHuEPO improved healing of burn wound through increased epithelial proliferation, maturation of the extracellular matrix, and angiogenesis. The hematopoietic factor augmented neoangiogenesis as suggested by the marked increase in microvessel density and by the robust expression of the specific endothelial marker @entity2279 . Furthermore, rHuEPO enhanced the wound content of @entity7 caused a marked expression of endothelial and inducible @entity842 synthases and increased wound content of @entity842 products. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that rHuEPO may be an effective therapeutic approach to improve clinical outcomes after @entity130 .

title: Recombinant @entity1 XXXX improves angiogenesis and wound healing in experimental burn wounds.

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'Erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['thermal injury']

answer: @entity1307 :: (2056,Gene) :: ['erythropoietin']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the recommended @entity1496 dose of contrast material (CM) for hepatic arterial-dominant phase (HAP) and @entity99 ( @entity99 ) imaging to assess @entity157 ( @entity157 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective study including 348 @entity1 with hypervascular @entity157 in 77 hospitals as a postmarketing surveillance to investigate the effects of body weight-tailored dose of CM (300 mgI/mL of @entity6111 ) for hepatic multiphasic contrast-enhanced multidetector-row computed tomography imaging. Informed consent was obtained from all @entity1 who were enrolled. The @entity5 -to-liver contrast (TLC) of HAP images was assessed qualitatively (QL-TLC) and quantitatively ( @entity96 [HU]; computed tomography [CT] value of @entity99 ). Minimal and sufficient @entity96 were defined as CT values corresponding to the median and 75% of QL-TLC assigned with "good," respectively. The recommended @entity1496 dose was estimated by the relationship between @entity1496 dose (mgI/kg) and @entity96 . RESULTS: There was a good correlation between @entity96 . The recommended @entity1496 dose of CM for HAP imaging was considered to be in the range of 567-647 mgI/kg based on minimal (33.7 HU) and sufficient @entity96 (40.9 HU). Meanwhile, the recommended dose of CM for @entity99 imaging was 572 mgI/kg as a dose that gives hepatic enhancement more than 50 HU during @entity99 imaging. CONCLUSIONS: The recommended @entity1496 dose of CM for HAP and @entity99 imaging may be different, being 567-647 mgI/kg and 572 mgI/kg, respectively, in assessing hypervascular @entity157 .

title: Recommended @entity1496 dose for multiphasic contrast-enhanced mutidetector-row computed tomography imaging of liver for assessing XXXX : multicenter prospective study in 77 general hospitals in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['QT-TLC', 'QL-TLC and QT-TLC']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic parenchymal phase', 'HPP', 'tumor-CT value of hepatic parenchyma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Adjuvant chemotherapy has frequently been associated with @entity1017 after @entity0 . We aimed to prospectively evaluate body weight variations in French @entity1 with early @entity0 . METHODS: This prospective observational study included 272 @entity0 @entity1 who were candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy. Weight and body mass index were measured at baseline visit, then at 9 and 15 months from baseline (6 and 12-month post-chemotherapy). At baseline visit, information on the benefits of @entity1017 prevention and healthy diet was given by a dietician. Univariate logistic regression was performed to test the association between @entity1017 and potential predictive factors. RESULTS: Thirty percent of @entity1 gained weight during the year before diagnosis, 26% were overweight and 15% were @entity28 . At one year, the mean weight change was +1.5kg (SD=4.1) and +2.3% (SD=6.0); 60% of the cohort had gained weight, with a median increase of 3.9kg (SD=3.0) and 5.9% (SD=4.4). Reported @entity1017 during the year before diagnosis appears to be the only factor associated with the absence of post-chemotherapy @entity1017 (OR=0.54, 95% CI [0.31-0.95], p=0.034). CONCLUSION: Body weight increased in the post-chemotherapy period in French @entity0 survivors, even when given dietary recommendations. Appropriate weight management interventions with nutritional follow-up and physical activity programs are needed.

title: Body weight change in @entity1 receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for XXXX : a French prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer diagnosis', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']