abstract: In this paper, black @entity579 husk ashes (BRHAs), which are agrowastes from an electricity generating power plant and a @entity579 mill, were ground and used as a partial cement replacement. The durability of mortars under @entity597 attack including expansion and compressive strength loss were investigated. For parametric study, BRHA were used as a Portland cement Type 1 replacement at the levels of 0%, 10%, 30%, and 50% by weight of binder. The water-to-binder ratios were 0.55 and 0.65. For the durability of mortar exposed to @entity597 attack, 5% @entity2397 ( @entity2398 ) and @entity2399 ( @entity2400 ) solutions were used. As a result, when increasing the percentage replacement of BRHA, the expansion and compressive strength loss of mortar decreased. At the replacement levels of 30% and 50% of BRHA, the expansion of the mortars was less than those mixed with @entity597 -resistant cement. However, the expansion of the mortars exposed to @entity2398 was more than those exposed to @entity2400 . Increasing the replacement level of BRHA tends to reduce the compressive strength loss of mortars exposed to @entity2398 attack. In contrary, under @entity2400 attack, when increasing the replacement level of BRHA, the compressive strength loss increases from 0% to 50% in comparison to Portland cement mortar. Results show that ground BRHA can be applied as a pozzolanic material to concrete and also improve resistance to @entity2397 attack, but it can impair resistance to @entity2399 attack.

title: Evaluation of @entity597 resistance of cement mortars containing black XXXX husk ash.

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2397 :: ('MESH:C012036', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Distal radius fractures are a common injury and without proper treatment leads to high functional @entity73 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to see the functional outcome in @entity1 with @entity9256 treated with combined external fixation and open @entity353 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: All @entity9256 classified as type C in AO/OTA classification were enrolled for the study from 2005 till 2008. The clinical scoring chart modified by Cooney was used to evaluate the functional outcome. RESULTS: There were twenty-two @entity1 with the average age of 42.18 years (range 19-60) with 15 male and 7 females. The follow-up period was from 14 to 46 months. Accordingly, there were 11 (50%) excellent, 7 (31%) good, 2 (9%) fair and 2 (9%) poor results. There were very few complications in our series. In three @entity1 additional K-wire supplementation was necessary along with external and open internal fixation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7334 of distal radius should be treated by open reduction and combined internal and external fixation to achieve a high rate of @entity1 satisfaction and satisfactory functional outcome.

title: External and internal fixation for XXXX of distal radius.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['reduction and volar plating']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment and frequent complications']

entities_list: @entity9256 :: ('MESH:D018460', 'Disease') :: ['comminuted distal radius fractures']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['Comminuted intra-articular fractures']

answer: @entity7334 :: (MESH:D057072,Disease) :: ['comminuted intra-articular fractures']


abstract: Using food and commensal @entity880 bacteria (LAB) as vehicles for DNA delivery into epithelial cells is a new strategy for vaccine delivery or gene therapy. However, present methods for DNA delivery with LAB have suffered low efficiency. Our goal was to develop a new system to deliver DNA into epithelial cells with high efficiency using food and commensal LAB. An @entity526 -LAB shuttle plasmid, pLKV1, for DNA delivery into eukaryotic cells was constructed. Two reporter plasmids with green and red fluorescent protein genes were also constructed to monitor the uptake of protein and DNA, respectively. Bacteria delivering these reporter plasmids into Caco-2 cells were monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Several methods that weaken the bacterial cell wall prior to co-culture with Caco-2 cells were evaluated for their role in the improvement of gene transfer efficiency. Treating @entity9190 with @entity114 and lysozyme greatly increased its rate of gene delivery to @entity1 cells compared to untreated control bacteria, while @entity2228 pretreatment promoted the highest gene transfer rate for @entity7878 . Uptake of green fluorescent bacteria by Caco-2 cells showed that the cell wall-weakening treatment promoted the internalization of the noninvasive bacteria into Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, we have developed a noninvasive system using LAB as a vehicle for vaccine delivery or gene therapy, and tested this system in vitro with Caco-2 cells.

title: A novel plasmid for delivering genes into XXXX cells with noninvasive food and commensal @entity880 bacteria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity9190 :: ('1302', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus gordonii']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity7878 :: ('1358', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the surgical outcomes of combined trabeculotomy- trabeculectomy with @entity1138 and releasable suture in @entity1 with primary @entity10064 (PCG) in a North Indian population. DESIGN: Retrospective, interventional, consecutive, non-comparative case series. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 137 eyes of 77 @entity1 who underwent combined trabeculotomy- trabeculectomy with 0.2 mg/ml @entity1138 (MMC) either bilaterally (49 @entity1 ) or unilaterally (28 @entity1 ) between January 2004 and March 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. The main outcome measures were postoperative intraocular pressures, corneal clarity and diameter, duration of follow-up, success rate and complications. RESULTS: The mean preoperative intraocular pressure reduced from 34    7 mm Hg (range 15- 54 mm Hg) to 17    7 mm Hg (range 5 - 32 mm Hg) with a mean reduction of 44 % (P less than 0.001). The mean follow-up period was 24.4    10.3 months (range 6 - 48 months). Complete success defined as intraocular pressure less than 21 mm Hg without any medication and clinically stable @entity726 at last follow-up was achieved in 113 eyes (83 %) while a 'quali  ed success' of intraocular pressure less than 21 mm Hg with one medication was achieved in ten eyes (7 %). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed success rates (at 'n' months) of 90 % (6), 85 % (12), 82 % (24), 80 % (36) and 77 % (48). There were no signi  cant @entity260 . CONCLUSION: Primary combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy with @entity1138 and releasable suture offers a viable surgical option in Northern Indian @entity1 with primary @entity10064 . The use of 0.2 mg/ml @entity1138 for 2 minutes improves the overall success while the releasable suture decreases the risk of @entity260 especially associated with the use of antimetabolites.

title: Combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy with antimetabolite and releasable suture: outcome with primary XXXX in a north Indian population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C', 'mitomycin-C']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative or postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity10064 :: ('MESH:C565547', 'Disease') :: ['congenital glaucoma']

answer: @entity10064 :: (MESH:C565547,Disease) :: ['congenital glaucoma']


abstract: In the past 30 years it has been a great development in the unders-anding and therapy of @entity3119 . Adequate pharmaco- and cognitive-behavior therapies reduce the symptoms in 40-60% of @entity1 , so a remarkable portion of @entity1 still remains refractory to conventional treatment. Neurosurgery--with it's reversible and irreversible techniques--brought a breakthrough in the therapy of treatment refractory @entity1 . In the present case, we represent a 3 months follow-up of an obsessive-compulsive pctient treated by deep brain stimulation. In our case, the stimulation target was the anterior limb of internal capsule. The clinical symptoms were measured by Y-BOCS. In addition various neuropsychological tests were used to monitor @entity1 's executive functions before and 3 months after the deep brain stimulation. We found that obsessive-compu sive symptoms improved after three months of the stimulation. The neuropsychological tests showed improvement in some executive functions (e.g. fluency, set-shifting, decision making). On the other hand our results revealed severe neurocognitive--mainly attention skill--deficits in a treatment refractory obsessive-compulsive @entity1 .

title: Deep brain stimulation for treatment refractory XXXX --a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']


abstract: The ability of malignant tissue from 50 @entity1 with @entity14 to activate @entity1003 factor X directly was compared with samples of adjacent, macroscopically normal colonic mucosa from the same @entity1 , and tissue from four @entity1 with @entity29 . The resected tissue was homogenized and incubated with purified factor X and @entity460 ions. The subsequent generation of activated factor X was measured spectrophotometrically with a chromogenic substrate. Results were expressed as absorbance units, and as the ratio of @entity5 and normal activities. Factor X-activating activity (FXAA) was present in all normal and malignant tissues tested. FXAA was significantly greater (P less than 0.001) in the @entity5 homogenates than in the uninvolved tissue. The @entity5 :normal ratio was significantly (greater than 1.2) elevated in 38 @entity1 (76 per cent). FXAA was not correlated with the degree of differentiation of the @entity5 , the Dukes' classification of the disease or the exact site of the @entity5 . There was no difference between the FXAA content of non-involved tissue from the @entity14 group and colonic mucosa from @entity1 with @entity29 . It is concluded that @entity14 contain significantly more FXAA than adjacent, non-malignant colonic mucosa from the same subject, but there is no direct evidence for a relationship between procoagulant levels and the extent of @entity5 in these @entity1 .

title: Factor X-activating activity in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['non-malignant bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal carcinomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: Six @entity1 with @entity1712 were studied retrospectively in order to correlate the MRI appearances with the pathology. Ages ranged from 2 years 6 months to 11 years. The bones involved were the humerus, ulna, radius, femur, clavicle and ilium. Plain films, MRI and pathology specimens were obtained. A @entity75 with indistinct margins, @entity1048 was seen in all cases on plain radiographs. Bone marrow signal was decreased on T1-weighted images and increased on T2-weighted images throughout the @entity75 in all cases. T2-weighted images showed extensive soft-tissue abnormalities suggesting inflammatory changes in four cases. In two cases abnormalities were limited. Extensive changes correlated histologically with an early phase lesion. Localized minor changes were associated with a mid-phase lesion. Inflammatory soft-tissue changes could be associated with @entity1712 . The size of the soft tissue mass correlated well with the activity of the @entity75 .

title: Soft tissue signal abnormality associated with XXXX . Correlation of MR imaging with pathologic findings.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['bony lesion', 'lytic lesion']

entities_list: @entity1048 :: ('MESH:D010522', 'Disease') :: ['endosteal erosions and periosteal reaction']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic granuloma']

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['eosinophilic granuloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An episode of postoperative @entity3174 @entity137 in a @entity1 undergoing surgery related to @entity91 highlighted the presence of @entity4988 . We believe that @entity4988 contributed to the altered pharmacokinetics of @entity3174 in this case. OBJECTIVES: To establish the incidence of @entity86 in @entity1 undergoing surgery related to @entity91 and to investigate the likely etiology. METHODS: Data on 114 @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity91 over a 2-year period at Oxford @entity1 's Hospital, between May 2011 and May 2013, were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-two @entity1 were excluded due to incomplete data. This cohort represents the entire population for whom transfusion data had been formally collected at our institution. Preoperative and day 1 postoperative serum albumin levels were collected from the hospital laboratory database. Data regarding @entity190 and intra-operative fluid management were reviewed from the anesthetic database. Linear regression analysis was used to establish the relationship between percentage drop in serum albumin with: (i) milliliters per kilogram (ml  kg(-1) ) volume of albumin-poor fluids used intra-operatively and (ii) percentage estimated red cell mass loss. RESULTS: All @entity1 experienced a statistically significant drop in serum albumin. The mean difference in albumin was 17.1  g  l(-1) , 95% CI (16.1-18.0) (P  <  0.001). Expressed as a percentage, the mean reduction was 37.9% (range 16-61%), SD 9.7. The decrease in albumin was associated with an increase in estimated red cell mass loss (P  <  0.001) and an increased ml  kg(-1) volume of albumin-poor fluids given (P  <  0.001). CONCLUSION: Hemodilution due to large volume @entity190 and transfusion with albumin-poor fluids is strongly associated with @entity86 in @entity1 undergoing surgery related to @entity91 . Practitioners should be aware of this risk and the implications of @entity86 in this population.

title: @entity86 following surgery related to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['craniosynostosis']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['craniosynostosis']


abstract: Previous studies from our laboratory showed an @entity3897 -sensitive component in the hyperresponsiveness of ragweed-sensitized @entity235 tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) in vitro to @entity112 and @entity972 . The present studies were undertaken to elucidate the nature of the parasympathetic element in this hyperresponsiveness. TSM strips were dissected from ragweed-sensitized and littermate control @entity235 and their isometric force generation was measured in vitro. Mechanical responses of sensitized TSM were characterized by hyperreactivity (upward shift of the dose-response relationship) to @entity934 ( @entity3451 ), @entity3897 -sensitive spontaneous base line activity and prolonged isometric force plateaus. Control TSM did not contract spontaneously and basal tone was maintained passively. However, @entity2607 could produce spontaneous base-line activity and prolonged isometric force plateau in control TSM that mimicked that observed naturally in sensitized TSM. Sensitized TSM was supersensitive (leftward shift of the dose-response relationship) to @entity3451 and electrical field stimulation, and showed a significant leftward shift of the threshold dose to @entity5402 ( @entity5402 ). However, sensitized and control TSMs were equally reactive to @entity5402 at doses of 10(-8) M and greater. Also, @entity3451 dose-response curves of sensitized and control TSMs in the presence of the cholinesterase inhibitor @entity2607 (10(-8) M) showed no significant differences in sensitivity or reactivity. These results were consistent with a role for local parasympathetic mechanisms such as altered @entity3451 release and/or breakdown in the hyperresponsiveness of ragweed-sensitized @entity235 TSM.

title: Local parasympathetic mechanisms for ragweed-sensitized XXXX trachealis hyperresponsiveness.

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol', 'carbamylcholine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: 19 @entity1 with clinically definite, probable or possible @entity15 were examined by means of visual evoked potentials and magnetic resonance imaging. The @entity1 were classified in three groups according to the criteria of Mac Alpine. 11 @entity1 had @entity15 : 8 of these @entity1 , who had @entity227 evoking an @entity1781 , had abnormal visual evoked potentials and 7 of these 8 @entity1 had a pathological magnetic resonance imaging. In the other 3 @entity1 of this group without @entity1781 . 2 of them had abnormal visual evoked potentials and the 3 had a pathological magnetic resonance imaging. Two @entity1 had probable @entity15 , one of them had abnormal visual evoked potentials and a pathological magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, 6 @entity1 had possible @entity15 , one had a @entity1781 , with abnormal visual evoked potentials but with a normal magnetic resonance imaging. Among the 5 other @entity1 , 2 had abnormal visual evoked potentials and a pathological magnetic resonance imaging. The results obtained in comparison with the other reported in the literature show that magnetic resonance imaging brings a certain number of criteria which when associated with visual evoked potentials seem to be a further development in the diagnosis of the affection. However, despite of the existence of correlations, the lack of specificity of the lesions found with magnetic resonance imaging should lead the clinicians to a cautions optimism.

title: [Comparative study of visual evoked potentials and magnetic resonance imaging in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disorders']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optical neuropathy', 'optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['definite multiple sclerosis', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Over the last decade, several programs have been developed for caregivers of @entity195 @entity1 . In France however, studies exploring their effects are still scarce. We conducted a study to compare two different interventions: a structured multidisciplinary program versus a classical intervention designed for @entity195 @entity1 and their spouses. METHODS: Sixteen couples ( @entity195 @entity1 and spouse) residing in our administrative district participated in this monocentric study. For at least two years, these couples participated in a multidisciplinary program (n=8 couples) or received usual care (n=8 couples). The multidisciplinary program involved biannual consultations with a neurologist, a neuropsychologist and a psychologist, in addition to an annual meeting, stratified on the @entity1 's MMSE score, for spouses). Usual care involved biannual consultations with the neurologist. The multidisciplinary program included a psychological intervention based on cognitive behavioral theories and centered on psycho-education, problem solving, adaptation strategies and on prevention of @entity308 and @entity148 . The spouses and the @entity1 evaluated the 2-year follow-up during clinical interviews, completed by questionnaires. Sociodemographic data were noted for the @entity1 and their spouses. Levels of @entity308 and @entity148 (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Montgomery and Asberg Depression Scale, State-Trait @entity148 Inventory), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale) and care burden (Zarit Burden Inventory) were evaluated in spouses. Levels of @entity73 (Mini Mental State Examination), autonomy (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living), psychological state (Montgomery and Asberg Depression Scale, Covi @entity148 Scale), and behavioral symptoms frequency (Neuropsychiatric Inventory) were assessed in @entity1 . RESULTS: The main significant result showed that the spouses' state of @entity148 was lower among @entity1 in the multidisciplinary program, compared with the classical neurological intervention. It also was found that the spouses and the @entity1 who participated in this multidisciplinary program were less depressed. CONCLUSION: This study shows that a multidisciplinary structured intervention, with only two annual consultations and one annual meeting for spouses, can contribute to decrease significantly the spouses' state of @entity148 . Further studies including a larger number of subjects should be conducted to confirm these findings.

title: [Beneficial effect of a cognitive behavioral and multidisciplinary program in @entity195 on spouse caregiver XXXX : French study ELMMA].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease", 'Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: The clinical characteristics of vertebrobasilar dissecting @entity439 occurring with @entity510 ( @entity510 ) were reviewed in 42 @entity1 , with particular focus on the time, incidence, and outcome in association with subsequent @entity397 . Twenty-nine @entity1 underwent 31 surgical procedures, and the remaining 13 @entity1 were managed without surgery. Surgical details included 19 proximal @entity5525 (including 1 case of endovascular surgery using balloon occlusion), 9 trappings, 1 wrapping, 1 @entity4530 clipping, and 1 @entity4530 clipping combined with wrapping. Surprisingly, subsequent @entity397 occurred in 30 (71.4%) of the 42 @entity1 . Excluding one @entity1 with @entity86 , 29 @entity1 suffered a subsequent @entity397 in the unsecured stage. Of these 29 @entity1 , 19 were operated on after the subsequent @entity397 and 10 were not operated on because of deteriorated clinical condition (9 @entity1 ) or anatomic considerations (1 @entity1 ). Of the 30 @entity1 that suffered a subsequent @entity397 , 14 died. Twelve of the deaths were directly related to the second episode of @entity397 . Of the 12 @entity1 who did not suffer a subsequent @entity397 , 10 underwent operations and there were no operative deaths. Only one @entity1 died as the result of the initial critical @entity510 . The mortality (46.7%) of the @entity1 with subsequent @entity397 was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that (8.3%) of the @entity1 without subsequent @entity397 . Seventeen (56.7%) of the 30 @entity397 occurred within 24 hours after the first @entity510 , and 24 (80%) occurred within the first week. Six (66.7%) of the 9 @entity1 operated on within 24 hours after the first @entity510 and 11 (68.8%) of the 16 @entity1 operated on within a week suffered preoperative @entity397 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Recurrent @entity510 from untreated ruptured vertebrobasilar dissecting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5525 :: ('MESH:C538664', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral artery obliterations']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture', 'subsequent ruptures']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative rupture']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is strong evidence to suggest that @entity12807 ( @entity12807 ) is an important factor in @entity519 /ischaemia-induced @entity16 . Treatments that prevent the occurrence of @entity12807 may be useful in providing neuronal protection against @entity519 . The current study was designed to determine whether general anaesthetics which have been suggested to 'induce prophylaxis' against @entity519 can attenuate the incidence of @entity12807 . METHODS: The effects of @entity519 (3 min) on evoked extracellularly recorded field potentials of @entity1249 neurons in @entity35 hippocampal slices were assessed in the absence and presence of the i.v. general anaesthetics thiopental and @entity1875 and the volatile anaesthetic @entity5161 . RESULTS: In the absence of anaesthetics, @entity12807 occurred in 81% of the preparations tested. Thiopental (2 x 10(-4) M) significantly reduced the incidence of @entity12807 (16%, P=0.0006). In comparison, @entity1875 (2 x 10(-4) M) and @entity5161 (1.5 vol%) were ineffective (69% and 60%, respectively). Furthermore, in the presence of thiopental, the population spike amplitude recovered with and without @entity12807 (90% and 94% of pre-anoxic value, respectively) following 3 min @entity519 . CONCLUSION: The prophylactic effect of thiopental against @entity519 might be induced, in part, by preventing the generation of @entity12807 .

title: Anoxic depolarization of @entity35 hippocampal slices is prevented by thiopental but not by @entity1875 or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12807 :: ('MESH:D002534', 'Disease') :: ['anoxic depolarization', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neural damage']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['anoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

answer: @entity5161 :: (MESH:D007530,Chemical) :: ['isoflurane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low health literacy has been identified as an independent predictor of poor @entity565 control. The Institute of Medicine considers the role of information technology (IT) as critical in providing "safe, effective, @entity1 centered, timely, efficient, and equitable" care with the potential to reduce health disparities in underserved populations. The aim of this study was to design and evaluate an interactive computer-based questionnaire to assess @entity565 symptoms in @entity1 of parents with limited health literacy and/or limited English proficiency. METHODS: Volunteer caregivers attending a mobile @entity565 clinic were randomly assigned to complete the electronic or the paper-and-pencil version of an @entity565 screening questionnaire (ASQ) in their language of choice (English or Spanish). In the electronic version, a tablet computer was used to present the ASQ questions as video clips and to collect information through the touchscreen. @entity1 also completed a demographic questionnaire, a brief health literacy questionnaire, and a system usability and satisfaction questionnaire. Reliability of the paper and electronic self-assessments was evaluated by comparing each @entity1 's answers to information they provided during a nurse-guided structured interview (gold standard). RESULTS: A total of 48 parents participated in the study, 26 completed the electronic ASQ and 21 the paper-and-pencil form. Thirty-five percent of the @entity1 had well-controlled @entity565 (n = 17). Most @entity1 were Spanish speaking (67%) Hispanic (n = 44) mothers (n = 43) with a median age of 32 years. More than half had  <=8 years of education (n = 25) and earned < 20,000 per year (n = 27). The median health literacy score was 32 (range 0-36). The correlation between health literacy scores and years of education was significant (   = .47, p < .01). Concordance between the electronic ASQ and the nurse interview was significantly higher than concordance between the paper ASQ and the nurse interview (68% versus 54%; p < .01). All parents who completed the electronic questionnaire reported being satisfied; 96% felt comfortable using it, and found it simple to use. CONCLUSIONS: By facilitating the assessment of @entity565 symptoms at manageable cost, interactive information technology tools may help reduce barriers to access due to inadequate levels of English proficiency and health literacy.

title: Using information technology to reduce XXXX disparities in underserved populations: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'participant', 'patient', 'Participants']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No effective treatment is currently available to prevent progression of small and medium-sized @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ). Identification of drugs with sufficient promise to justify large expensive randomized trials remains challenging. One potentially useful strategy is to look for associations between commonly used drugs and @entity11557 in appropriately adjusted observational studies. METHODS: Potential AAA measurements were identified from abdominal imaging reports in the electronic data files of three medical centres from 1995 to 2010. AAA measurements were extracted manually and @entity1 with an @entity439 of 3 cm or larger, who had at least two measurements over an interval of at least 6 months, were identified. Other data were obtained from the electronic data files (demographics, co-morbidities, smoking status, drug use) to conduct a propensity analysis of the associations of drugs and other factors with @entity11557 . RESULTS: From 52 962 abdominal imaging studies, 5362 @entity1 with an AAA of 3 cm or more were identified, of whom 2428 had at least two measurements over at least 6 months. Mean AAA follow-up was 3  4 years and the mean @entity11557 rate was 2  0 mm per year. Propensity analysis demonstrated no significant association of @entity11557 with statins, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or @entity11502 receptor blockers. @entity6 was associated with a reduction in @entity11557 of 1  2 mm per year (P = 0  008), and @entity1030 was associated with increased enlargement (0  5 mm per year; P = 0  050). Moderate AAA measurement variation and substantial terminal digit preference were also observed, but the digit preference became less pronounced after 2000. CONCLUSION: This study confirms the negative association of @entity6 with AAA progression. There was no evidence that commonly used cardiovascular drugs affect @entity11557 .

title: Multicentre study of XXXX measurement and enlargement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11557 :: ('MESH:C565230', 'Disease') :: ['AAA enlargement']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAAs']

entities_list: @entity11502 :: ('MESH:D000804', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin II']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: The prognosis of locally advanced or metastatic @entity420 is poor. In an attempt to improve therapeutic results, we undertook a phase II trial to investigate a combination of @entity1311 , @entity3003 , and oral @entity2879 , all active drugs in this @entity5 and with a synergistic effect in combination. Fourteen @entity1 with advanced @entity356 were treated with @entity1311 200 mg/m2 iv, @entity3003 AUC-6 iv on d 1, and oral @entity2879 50 mg/d alternating with 100 mg/d on d 1-10. Cycles were repeated every 3 wk. Of the 14 @entity1 treated, partial response was observed in 3/12 (25%) evaluable @entity1 . Median survival for the entire group was 7 mo. The treatment was associated with severe myelotoxicity. @entity221 that required hospitalization developed in 7/14 (50%) of @entity1 , and symptomatic @entity417 that required red blood cell transfusion was noted in 8/14 (57%). There was one drug-related @entity204 associated with @entity221 , @entity6281 , grade 4 @entity882 , and @entity360 . Nonhematological @entity137 was moderate. We conclude that the current regimen of @entity1311 , @entity3003 , and oral @entity2879 is not recommended in advanced @entity356 owing to unacceptable myelotoxicity.

title: @entity1311 , @entity3003 , and oral XXXX in advanced @entity356 : association with severe myelotoxicity.

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever', 'Neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity6281 :: ('MESH:D016905', 'Disease') :: ['Gram negative sepsis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the stomach']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma', 'gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is associated with a reduction in @entity121 . However, there is inadequate empirical evidence to determine whether changes in @entity121 following exercise are associated with improvement in @entity410 ( @entity410 ) in individuals with @entity6 . The objective of this study was to investigate the association between change in @entity121 following a 9-month intervention of @entity411 ( @entity411 ), @entity3013 ( @entity3013 ) or a combination of both (ATRT) and @entity410 ( @entity410 ) in individuals with @entity6 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 196 @entity1 were randomly assigned to a control, @entity411 , @entity3013 , or combined ATRT for a 9-months intervention. The exposure variable was change in @entity121 [(Post: leg muscle strength/leg muscle mass)-[(Pre: leg muscle strength/leg muscle mass)]. Dependent variables were change in @entity410 measures including absolute and relative VO2peak, and treadmill @entity9548 ( @entity9548 ) and estimated @entity209 ( @entity209 ). RESULTS: Continuous change in @entity121 was independently associated with change in absolute (b = 0.015; p = 0.019) and relative (b = 0.200; p = 0.005) VO2peak, and @entity9548 (b = 0.170; p = 0.043), but not with estimated @entity209 (p > 0.05). A significant trend was observed across tertiles of change in @entity121 for changes in absolute (b = 0.050; p = 0.005) and relative (b = 0.624; p = 0.002) VO2peak following 9 months of exercise training. No such association was observed for change in @entity9548 and estimated @entity209 (p > 0.05). DISCUSSION: The results from this ancillary study suggest that change in @entity121 following exercise training is associated with a greater improvement in @entity410 in individuals with @entity6 . Given the effect @entity3013 has on increasing @entity121 , especially as part of a recommended training program (ATRT), individuals with @entity6 should incorporate @entity3013 into their @entity411 regimens to optimize @entity410 improvement. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00458133.

title: Association between Changes in Muscle Quality with Exercise Training and Changes in @entity410 in Individuals with XXXX : Results from the HART-D Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'Type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3013 :: ('MESH:D060467', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'resistance training']

entities_list: @entity9548 :: ('MESH:D006359', 'Disease') :: ['time to exhaustion', 'TTE']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic equivalent task', 'METs']

entities_list: @entity411 :: ('MESH:C538054', 'Disease') :: ['aerobic training', 'AT']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle quality']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The urine @entity23605 ratio (uPLR) and, more recently, the faecal @entity23606 , are widely used for the noninvasive diagnosis of exocrine @entity3210 . Both tests have previously been validated against 'gold standard' tests of pancreatic function, but their use in a clinical setting has never been directly compared. METHODS: We performed a comparative study of the @entity23605 ratio (PLR) and the faecal @entity23606 (FE-1) test in @entity1 with a clinical suspicion for @entity3210 . The results were compared with the clinical response to pancreatic enzyme supplementation using pre-defined criteria. RESULTS: Forty-five @entity1 were enrolled in the study and 33 were given a trial of pancreatic enzyme supplementation. Twenty-four out of these 33 showed a positive clinical response to enzyme supplements. Of the 24 responders, 19 had positive FE-1 (<200 microg/g faeces), but only 12 had a positive uPLR (<20). There was a significant correlation between the FE-1 result and clinical response to enzyme supplements (p = 0.01), but not between the PLR and clinical response (p = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS: FE-1 is a simpler test for the @entity1 to perform and more accurately predicts the response to pancreatic enzyme supplementation in @entity1 with chronic, unexplained @entity294 with a clinical suspicion of @entity3210 . This makes the FE-1 of greater use in clinical practice than the PLR.

title: Comparing the urinary @entity23605 ratio and faecal @entity23606 as indicators of XXXX in clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity3210 :: ('MESH:D010188', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic insufficiency than the PLR', 'pancreatic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity23606 :: ('1990', 'Gene') :: ['pancreatic elastase-1', 'elastase-1']

entities_list: @entity23605 :: ('MESH:C034833', 'Chemical') :: ['pancreolauryl']

answer: @entity3210 :: (MESH:D010188,Disease) :: ['pancreatic insufficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity22301 is an uncommon form of chronic @entity2885 rarely seen in @entity1 . Preoperative diagnosis is difficult and management is still obscure. AIM: The authors report on a focal pseudotumoral case and discuss therapeutic modalities. CASE: A 2-year-old @entity1 was admitted for a 2-weeks history of @entity221 and @entity812 . Physical examination revealed a right lumbar mass. White blood cell count was 12.800/mm3 and @entity1851 elevated (50 mg/l). The urine culture was negative. Ultrasonography and computerized tomography demonstrated a focal multilocular cystic mass of the lower polar of right kidney, measuring 80 millimeters, with peripheral enhancement and perirenal involvement. At surgical exploration, a huge abscess of the lower polar of the kidney with dense adhesions to adjacent structures were noted. Excision of the collection and local drainage were performed. Pathologic examination of biopsy specimen confirmed the diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous @entity2885 . Intraoperative culture was positive for @entity526 . Successful treatment of the lesion was achieved with adjunctive antibiotic therapy. The postoperative course was uneventful over a follow-up period of 2 years. CONCLUSION: @entity22301 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a renal mass. A first-line conservative treatment must be strongly recommended in pediatric focal cases.

title: XXXX in childhood: diagnosis difficulties and success of conservative treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity22301 :: ('MESH:D011705', 'Disease') :: ['Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['right flank pain']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein']

answer: @entity22301 :: (MESH:D011705,Disease) :: ['Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis']


abstract: Transient regional @entity741 appears to underlie symptoms such as @entity951 and represents a key pathophysiologic step, since it is an objective marker of disease activity and is capable of causing disabling symptoms and damage to left ventricular myocardium. A study of the characteristics of transient @entity63 in and out of the hospital has shown that symptoms are an inconsistent underestimation of these events. @entity63 is generally prolonged, mostly asymptomatic, and usually accompanied by a regional decrease in myocardial perfusion. Studies out of the hospital have also shown that these episodes are frequently triggered by a wide range of ordinary everyday activities. These new features of transient @entity63 are worth noting when searching for relevant causes that are present during everyday life and when trying to choose more rational therapy. More detailed studies of @entity1 activity have shown that different levels of mental arousal are the most common triggering mechanism causing @entity63 out of the hospital. In addition, the occurrence of transient @entity63 during everyday life displays a circadian rhythm, with an increase and peak occurrence between 6:00 A.M. and 12 noon each day. The day-to-day variability of @entity63 is marked, indicating functional disturbances of coronary stenoses against a background of a severe reduction in cross-sectional area. The examination of proximal stenoses has shown that the reduction in cross-sectional area is usually underestimated by conventional angiography; pressure gradients across coronary stenoses are common and, with reduced poststenotic blood pressure, can jeopardize perfusion; disturbances of vessel caliber and antegrade flow can accompany many of the ordinary everyday activities known to trigger @entity63 detected in Holter tapes studied out of the hospital; and there is clear-cut evidence of @entity409 in these @entity1 , with reversal of the normal dilator response to @entity934 and paradoxical constriction of stenoses. This evidence of @entity409 in @entity1 could be central to the problems of @entity1856 , @entity715 , and disturbed vasomotion.

title: Factors determining the activity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous narrowing']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['ischemic heart disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti- @entity7 ) drugs have dramatically improved the treatment of @entity13785 . In pivotal studies, almost 90% of @entity1 maintain vision, with approximately 30% showing significant improvement. Despite these successes, 10% to 15% of @entity1 continue to lose vision, even with treatment. It has been reported that variants in some @entity13785 -associated genes influence treatment outcome. This study showed an association of treatment outcome with variants in the @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) gene. METHODS: One hundred ninety-two patients receiving anti- @entity7 treatment for subfoveal @entity1940 secondary to @entity13785 were enrolled. Information on demographics, lesion characteristics, delay until treatment, visual acuity (VA), and number of treatments was collected, and variants of @entity2204 were assessed in all @entity1 at baseline. Best corrected logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) VA was recorded in all @entity1 . RESULTS: The presence of the @entity2204 allele was associated with improved treatment outcome at 3 (P = 0.02) and 12 (P = 0.06) months, compared with the presence of the   2 allele, after adjustment for baseline acuity, treatment delay after first symptoms, age, and sex. @entity1 with an @entity2204 allele had an odds ratio (OR) of 4.04 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-14.70) for a 2-line gain in vision from baseline at 3 months (P = 0.03) and an OR of 2.54 (95% CI, 0.61-10.52; P = 0.20) at 12 months after treatment, based on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity13785 , the presence of the @entity2204 allele conferred significantly better visual outcomes after anti- @entity7 treatment than did the   2 allele. These findings suggest a possible role for a personalized approach to treatment with anti- @entity7 .

title: Variants in the @entity2204 gene are associated with improved outcome after anti- XXXX treatment for @entity13785 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E', 'APOE', 'APOE   4']

entities_list: @entity13785 :: ('MESH:D006009', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'neovascular AMD']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['VEGF']


abstract: Microarrays enable gene transcript expression changes in near-whole genomes to be assessed in response to environmental stimuli. We utilized oligonucleotide microarrays and subsequent gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to assess patterns of gene expression changes in male @entity22037 ( @entity22037 ) hepatic tissues after a 96   h exposure to common environmental contaminants. Fish were exposed to @entity12472 , @entity10278 , @entity22038 , @entity11966 and @entity22039 via intraperitoneal injection with target body burdens of 3.0, 0.00067, 2.5, 50 and 100     g   g(-1), respectively. This was conducted in an effort to identify potential biomarkers of exposure. The expressions of 4, 126, 118, 137 and 58 mRNA transcripts were significantly (P  <= 0.001, fold change >= 2 ) affected by exposure to @entity12472 , @entity10278 , @entity22038 , @entity11966 and @entity22039 exposures, respectively. GSEA revealed that none, four, five, five and three biological function gene ontology categories were significantly influenced by exposure to these chemicals, respectively. We observed that @entity10278 elicited @entity1068 metabolism responses, and along with @entity22038 and @entity11966 affected transcripts associated with protein biosynthesis. @entity22038 , @entity11966 and @entity22039 also influenced one- @entity505 compound metabolism while @entity22038 and @entity11966 affected mRNA transcription and mRNA export from the nucleus and may have induced an antiestrogenic response. @entity12472 was found to alter the expression of few hepatic transcripts. This work has highlighted several biological processes of interest that may be helpful in the development of gene transcript biomarkers of chemical exposure in fish.

title: Transcriptional response of hepatic XXXX ( @entity22037 ) mRNA upon exposure to environmental contaminants.

entities_list: @entity22037 :: ('27706', 'Species') :: ['largemouth bass', 'Micropterus salmoides']

entities_list: @entity12472 :: ('MESH:D001280', 'Chemical') :: ['atrazine', 'Atrazine']

entities_list: @entity10278 :: ('MESH:D019256', 'Chemical') :: ['cadmium chloride']

entities_list: @entity22039 :: ('MESH:D014112', 'Chemical') :: ['toxaphene']

entities_list: @entity11966 :: ('MESH:C031181', 'Chemical') :: ['phenanthrene']

answer: @entity22037 :: (27706,Species) :: ['largemouth bass']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were (1) to assess the relationships between transport to and from school (active vs. passive), sedentary behaviours, measures of socio-economic position and perceived environmental variables, and (2) to determine which, if any, variables were predictors of @entity3457 . METHODS: The sample comprised 705 @entity1 with mean age of 14.7 (SD = 1.6) years old. Questionnaires were used to describe travel mode to school and to estimate weekly television and computer use (screen time). @entity1 were assigned to @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ) or passive transportation (PT) groups depending on whether they walked or bicycled ( @entity3457 ) to and from school or travelled by car or bus (PT). Screen time was determined by the number of hours they reported watching television and using computers in the week preceding the examination, including weekends. Socio-economic position was established by parental occupation and educational level. A questionnaire assessed Perceived Neighbourhood Environments. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were seen for screen time between travel groups. Occupational status of both mother (r = -0.17) and father (r = -0.15) and father's educational level (r = -0.10) were significantly and negatively associated with @entity3457 , while street connectivity (r = 0.10) was positively and significantly associated with @entity3457 . Logistic regression analysis showed that the likelihood of active commuting decreased by around 50% with increasing father's occupation (odds ratio (OR) = 0.51; p </= 0.05) and father's education (OR = 0.52; p </= 0.05) from low to middle socio-economic position groups. Further, the data showed that @entity1 who agreed that 'there are many four-way intersections in my neighbourhood' were more likely to be active (OR = 1.63; p </= 0.05). CONCLUSION: The data of this study showed that lower socio-economic position is associated with active commuting to school and that street connectivity is a predictor of @entity3457 in adolescent @entity1 .

title: Active versus passive transportation to school-differences in screen time, socio-economic position and perceived environmental characteristics in adolescent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['active transportation', 'AT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girls']


abstract: Hepatic resection had been performed in 600 cases with @entity96 ( @entity96 ) in our hospital from 1964 to 1993. Among them, 24 cases underwent second hepatic resection because of @entity5 reccurrence. The ratio of male to female was 8.0:1. Most of the @entity1 were 40 to 59 years old. and the age ranged from 8 to 78 years old. The positive rate of @entity160 was 57.4% (> 400 micrograms/L). of them, 84.4% were associated with @entity1575 . @entity157 was verified in 91.6% of these cases. Small @entity5 (< 5cm in diameter) was found in 130 cases (21.7%). In this series, 10 cases underwent semi-hepatectomy and 590 cases underwent irregular hepatectomy. @entity5 was found in 29 cases. In 13 of 600 cases, hepatectomy was done after transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization. Six of 600 cases underwent second stage hepatectomy because the tumots could not be resected during laparotomy. After multimodality therapy, including @entity5 @entity1068 injection treatment, microwave @entity99 , the @entity5 became small and subsequently resected. In these 600 cases, 24 cases died within one month after hepatectomy with a mortality of 4.0%. The most common cause of death was @entity1578 . The 1-,3-,5-, 10-year survival rates were 61.9%, 40.2%, 33.0%, 29.2%, respectively in the whole series and 87.8%, 69.4%, 54.0%, 43.0% respectively in @entity1 with small @entity5 .

title: [Results of hepatic resection for 600 cases with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['PLC', 'primary liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Spontaneous rupture of tumor', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['tumor coagulation and hepatic artery chemoembolization']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['primary liver cancer']


abstract: Stimulation of @entity1369 synthesis in @entity291 @entity4091 (ZGB) cells by angiotensin II (AngII) is believed to be mediated by the phospholipase C (PLC) pathway that results in the increase of cytosolic free @entity460 concentration and in the activation of @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ). However, the cell proliferation and contraction associated with AngII action are known to be mediated in part by protein @entity669 kinases (PTK). To assess the potential role of PTK in the stimulatory effect of AngII on adrenal steroidogenesis, the actions of a series of PTK inhibitors on this metabolic pathway were examined in isolated ZGB cells. @entity12079 23 (TP23) caused a dose-dependent inhibition of AngII-stimulated @entity1369 production with an IC50 of 15 microM and reached complete inhibition at 100 microM. @entity670 (GS) was more potent with an IC50 of 35 nM and complete inhibition at 10 microM. The stimulation of @entity1369 production by the @entity460 -mobilizing agent @entity2426 (Thaps) was also dose-dependently inhibited by TP and GS with the same potency. A specific @entity7131 inhibitor, @entity11616 (0.1 microM) caused only a 51.7% inhibition of AngII-stimulated @entity1369 production. In the same way, a specific @entity141 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase inhibitor, @entity10756 (1 microM), reduced @entity1369 production stimulated by AngII by 64%. As expected, @entity2426 -stimulated @entity1369 biosynthesis was not affected by @entity11616 , but was completely inhibited by @entity10756 . These results demonstrate for the first time that protein @entity669 kinase activity is part of the angiotensin II signalling pathway in @entity291 zona glomerulosa cells. The activation of this PTK occurs subsequently to the mobilization of intracellular @entity460 . This @entity460 -dependent protein @entity669 kinase pathway is essential for the steroidogenic response to AngII in @entity291 zona glomerulosa cells.

title: A role for protein XXXX kinase in the steroidogenic pathway of angiotensin II in @entity291 zona glomerulosa cells.

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['Genistein']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal zona glomerulosa']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity12079 :: ('CHEBI:38637', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrphostin']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity11616 :: ('MESH:C058819', 'Chemical') :: ['calphostin C']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Among @entity11 treatment strategies, @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ) has shown efficacy as a therapeutic agent against @entity1 @entity11 . However, the exact antitumor mechanism of action of @entity9188 is still unclear. Mitochondria are considered to be the major source of intracellular reactive @entity26 species (ROS), which are known to be associated with @entity9188 -induced cell damage. Therefore, we investigated whether @entity14976 , a mitochondrial @entity68 uptake transporter, participates in @entity9188 -induced cell killing in @entity1 @entity11 . METHODS: @entity1 @entity11 cell lines were used to explore the mechanism of @entity9188 's antitumor effects. First, expression of @entity14976 was analyzed in @entity11 cells that were pretreated with @entity9188 . Changes in ROS production and apoptosis were assessed. Furthermore, cell viability was assessed by @entity2454 ( @entity98 ). RESULTS: In the present study we found that @entity9188 induced ROS production and apoptosis in @entity11 cells. In addition, gene expression of @entity14976 , a mitochondrial @entity68 uptake transporter, was increased 4 to 5 fold after exposure to @entity9188 (5  M) for 48 hours. Furthermore, apoptosis and @entity137 induced by @entity9188 in @entity11 cells were decreased after silencing the @entity14976 gene. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicated that @entity14976 participates in mitochondrial ROS-dependent mechanisms underlying @entity9188 -mediated damage in @entity11 cells.

title: The roles of XXXX in the process of @entity4447 -induced cell damage in @entity1 @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

answer: @entity14976 :: (81894,Gene) :: ['mitoferrin-2']


abstract: @entity5083 remains difficult to treat. Controversy exists as to whether or not shunting can really improve cognitive functions and whether quantified intracranial pressure monitoring (ICP-Mo) can predict postoperative improvement rates. Several studies have drawn attention to the lack of a prospective study concerning the surgical outcome of this condition. We have performed such a study on idiopathic normal-pressure @entity1276 @entity1 shunted on the basis of ICP-Mo when "high" waves (amplitude > 9 mm Hg) were present. Twenty-three @entity1 underwent surgery. The preoperative and postoperative clinical states were assessed by a quantitative procedure blind to the ICP-Mo results. A clear postshunting improvement was seen in 96% of the @entity1 at 1 year with a statistically significant correlation between high wave relative frequency and the grade of improvement (P < 0.05). At the same time, 66.6% of shunted @entity1 showed a significant improvement in cognitive functions. Complications of shunting were successfully managed without residual deficits in this series. We recommend the use of quantitative ICP-Mo as a criterion for surgery and to predict the improvement grade.

title: Cognitive recovery in idiopathic normal pressure XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5083 :: ('MESH:D006850', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: 12 cases of @entity3981 diagnosed in Northern Ireland from 1942 to 1982 on which there was at least 10 years' follow-up were reviewed, by pooling cases from all regional pathology laboratories. Clinical findings at presentation were established from case notes, together with details of eventual clinical outcome. Sections were examined to determine @entity5 size, morphological pattern and cytological constitution, the presence or absence of cytological atypia, mitotic activity, lymphocytic and desmoplastic responses, and to assess for infiltrative margins and adequacy of excision. The @entity5 arose in 8 females and 4 males, aged 22 to 86 years at presentation. @entity5 were in the parotid, one in the soft palate. Two @entity1 suffered local recurrence, both more than 7 years after diagnosis. Five @entity1 had regional lymph node @entity3 , four at presentation. No @entity1 suffered haematogenous @entity3 or died of @entity5 . Of the features examined, incomplete excision increased the risk of local recurrence. While numbers are small, the @entity3981 in Northern Ireland is an unpredictable low-grade malignant @entity5 which is capable of recurrence and @entity3 . Adequate excision at presentation appears to be the most appropriate therapy.

title: XXXX in Northern Ireland: a 10-year review.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'Eleven tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3981 :: ('MESH:D018267', 'Disease') :: ['acinic cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3981 :: (MESH:D018267,Disease) :: ['Acinic cell carcinoma']


abstract: A previously healthy young @entity1 developed @entity75 after a wasp sting in 1968. @entity16 included @entity4790 , currently of a minor degree, replaced by buccofacial @entity910 and @entity717 . The most disabling consequences were of @entity6110 nature, the @entity1 presenting an unusually marked compulsive activity of an obsessional type. The whole @entity6110 picture however was quite different from that of the usual @entity11167 , since there was neither @entity148 nor doubt, but a mental vacuum contrasting with almost normal intellectual and affective capacities. It was as though there was a loss of the auto-activation system of @entity6110 life, postulated by dynamic psychologists. C.A.T. demonstrated @entity39 . This suggests that the striatum plays a motor and @entity6110 role. In the field of motor control, its hypoactivity appears to determine not only @entity4790 but @entity910 similar to @entity717 . In the @entity6110 field, the striatum appears to play the very general role of an auto-activation system of intellectual and affective life, its deficiency leading to mental activity of a compulsive nature. Improvement in knowledge of striatal biology should clarify not only the basic mechanisms of @entity4790 , but those of tics and @entity3119 .

title: [Obsessional-type compulsive behavior caused by bilateral circumscribed @entity39 . XXXX caused by a wasp sting].

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral pallidostriatal necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['compulsive movements', 'tics and compulsive movements']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessions']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Encephalopathy']


abstract: The patterns of aortic and tricuspid valve motion in 50 @entity1 with @entity3454 were analyzed by wide-angle, phased-array, two-dimensional echocardiography. Twelve @entity1 (24%) had redundant aortic leaflets bulging into the left ventricular outflow tract during diastole. Eight of 12 @entity1 had @entity337 and seven of 12 had M-mode echocardiographic evidence of @entity10860 . One @entity1 underwent mitral and aortic valve replacement, and the excised valves revealed marked @entity528 . Eight of 15 @entity1 undergoing contrast echocardiography had @entity997 (systolic reflux of contrast material into the inferior vena cava persisting for more than 10 beats), and prolapse in the septal leaflet of the anterior leaflet or both. A similar tricuspid valve pattern was noted in three of seven @entity1 without @entity997 . @entity16742 was identified in 20 @entity1 (40%). Nine @entity1 (18%) had combined prolapse of the mitral, aortic and tricuspid valves. In five @entity1 with middiastolic high-pitched murmurs recorded along the left sternal border, @entity16742 was demonstrated. In one of these @entity1 , the presence of @entity338 was confirmed by intracardiac phonocardiography. We conclude that two-dimensional echocardiography is useful for evaluating @entity1 with combined @entity340 .

title: Evaluation of combined XXXX by two-dimensional echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity16742 :: ('MESH:D014263', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid valve prolapse', 'Tricuspid valve prolapse']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve prolapse']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity10860 :: ('MESH:D001023', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve prolapse']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular prolapse syndrome']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['myxomatous degeneration']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['valvular prolapse syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to examine: (i) baseline pressure @entity158 thresholds in @entity1 with @entity5815 and those with @entity1643 compared with healthy subjects; (ii) the change in mean @entity158 threshold in response to exercise; and (iii) associations with exercise-induced increase in @entity842 . @entity1 : Twenty-six @entity1 with @entity5815 suffering of @entity1118 , 21 @entity1 with @entity1643 and 31 healthy subjects. METHODS: @entity1 underwent a submaximal aerobic exercise protocol on a bicycle ergometer, preceded and followed by venous blood sampling ( @entity842 ) and algometry (hand, arm, @entity291 , low back). RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity5815 presented overall lower @entity158 thresholds compared with healthy subjects and @entity1 with @entity1643 (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between healthy subjects and @entity1 with @entity1643 . After submaximal aerobic exercise, mean @entity158 thresholds decreased in @entity1 with @entity5815 , and increased in the others (p < 0.01). At baseline, @entity842 levels were significantly higher in the @entity1643 group. After controlling for body mass index, no significant differences were seen between the groups at baseline or in response to exercise. @entity842 was not related to @entity158 thresholds in either group. CONCLUSION: The results suggest @entity1931 and abnormal central @entity158 processing during submaximal aerobic exercise in @entity5815 , but not in @entity1643 . @entity842 appeared to be unrelated to @entity158 processing.

title: Reduced pressure XXXX thresholds in response to exercise in @entity5815 but not in @entity1643 : an experimental study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Melasma is a common acquired symmetrical @entity2117 that occurs on sun-exposed areas, and it is frequently observed among @entity1 . Various treatment modalities have been tried, but none are completely satisfactory. @entity24703 , which is a @entity15603 derivative that has an inhibitory effect on both @entity11442 and @entity18259 , was introduced in 1995 and it has received increasing attention as a new hypopigmenting agent. However, the hypopigmenting effect of @entity24703 in @entity1 subjects has only been shown in a few studies. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the hypopigmenting efficacy and safety of @entity24703 0.1% cream for the treatment of @entity1709 . METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with @entity1709 were enrolled to this randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, split-face comparative study. The @entity1 were instructed to apply @entity24703 0.1% cream or vehicle to each side of the face twice daily for 8 weeks. Mexameter measurements were performed along with photography at baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Adverse events were observed and recorded throughout the study. RESULTS: All the @entity1 completed the study. Mexameter measurements demonstrated that the melanin index of the treated side showed a significant decrease when compared with that of the vehicle-treated side after 4 weeks (p=0.006) and after 8 weeks (p<0.0005). All the adverse reactions were mild and transient. CONCLUSION: @entity24703 0.1% cream showed rapid efficacy and it was well tolerated when used for the treatment of @entity1709 .

title: The Efficacy and Safety of XXXX 0.1% Cream for the Treatment of Melasma: A Randomized Controlled Split-face Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hypermelanosis']

entities_list: @entity15603 :: ('MESH:C031389', 'Chemical') :: ['resorcinol']

entities_list: @entity24703 :: ('MESH:C508220', 'Chemical') :: ['4-n-butylresorcinol']

entities_list: @entity18259 :: ('7306', 'Gene') :: ['tyrosinase-related protein-1']

answer: @entity24703 :: (MESH:C508220,Chemical) :: ['4-n-butylresorcinol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to evaluate the relationship between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, @entity5 volume, and total Gleason grade in @entity1 with @entity263 before radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 110 @entity1 with @entity263 who had undergone endorectal prostate MRI at 1.5 T before radical prostatectomy were included. ADC values were derived by drawing a region of interest on the histologically confirmed @entity5 . @entity5 volume was obtained by manual segmentation on T2-weighted images (T2WIs) and ADC maps. The relationship between the ADC value or @entity5 volume and the Gleason grade was assessed by using multivariate mixed linear and effect models. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the accuracy of ADC and @entity5 volume in determining the @entity146 of @entity263 . RESULTS: A total of 197 @entity5 were studied; 128 (65%) @entity5 were found in the peripheral zone and 69 (35%) were found in the central gland. The ADC value was found to be negatively correlated with the Gleason grade (r = -0.39 for peripheral @entity5 ). Higher ADC values were found to be associated with lower Gleason grades in the peripheral @entity263 . No association was found in the central @entity263 . Both ADC values and @entity5 volumes were found to significantly predict @entity146 , specifically in the peripheral zone (area under the curve, 0.78). CONCLUSION: ADC values were found to be negatively correlated with the postsurgical Gleason grade in @entity1 with @entity263 . Our results show that ADC values might help to predict @entity263 , especially for @entity5 in the peripheral zone. Given the substantial overlap in the ADC values, the addition of other MR parameters, such as volumetry, and technical improvements in diffusion-weighted imaging might improve accuracy in the stratification of @entity1 .

title: Assessment of @entity146 of XXXX : correlation of apparent diffusion coefficient with histologic grade after radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'zone cancer', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'zone prostate cancers']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness', 'tumor aggressiveness']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: From September 1988 to Dec. 1991, 160 @entity1 , in moderate and advanced stages of @entity96 were treated with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy and embolization. Among them, 64.3% was of massive type, 26.5% of nodular type and 9.1% of diffuse infiltrating type. In most of the cases, the @entity5 was rich in blood vasculature. Tumor @entity1211 were common. The size of @entity5 were 3cm to 24cm. Most of the @entity5 decreased in size after treatment. In 132 pts followed-up for six to fifty-one months the one-year survival rate was 10.8% in the Hepatic Artery Infusion group, and 41.9% in the Hepatic Artery Infusion+Hepatic Artery Embolization Iodized Oil Gelfoam group. The longest survival period was 51 months after initial Hepatic Artery Iodized Oil and Hepatic Artery Embolization. Factors influencing therapeutic effects were; (1) stage of the @entity5 . (2) @entity5 thrombus in the portal vein. (3) methods of Hepatic Artery Infusion and Hepatic Artery Embolization. (4) selection of embolic material. (5) development of collateral circulation.

title: [Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy and embolization in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus in the portal vessels and artero--venous fistula']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic carcinoma']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['hepatic carcinoma']


abstract: A multistep two-component signaling system is established as a key element of cytokinin signaling in @entity958 . Here, we provide evidence for a function of the two-component signaling system in cold stress response in @entity958 . Cold significantly induced the expression of a subset of A-type ARR genes and of GUS in Pro( @entity24617 ):GUS transgenic @entity958 . @entity24618 and @entity24619 were found to be primarily involved in mediating cold to express A-type ARRs despite cytokinin deficiency. Cold neither significantly induced @entity24618 and @entity24619 expression nor altered the cytokinin contents of wild type within the 4 h during which the A-type ARR genes exhibited peak expression in response to cold, indicating that cold might induce ARR expression via the @entity24618 and @entity24619 proteins without alterations in cytokinin levels. The @entity24618 @entity24619 and @entity24619 @entity24620 mutants exhibited enhanced freezing tolerance compared with wild type. These ahk double mutants acclimated as efficiently to cold as did wild type. The overexpression of the cold-inducible @entity24617 in @entity958 resulted in a @entity56 response to freezing temperatures under cold-acclimated conditions. The expression of C-repeat/dehydration-responsive element target genes was not affected by @entity24617 overexpression as well as in ahk double mutants. By contrast, the @entity24617 mutants showed @entity101 . The @entity24618 @entity24619 and @entity24617 mutants showed hypersensitive response to @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) for germination, whereas @entity24617 overexpression lines exhibited insensitive response to ABA. These results suggest that @entity24618 and @entity24619 and the cold-inducible A-type ARRs play a negative regulatory role in cold stress signaling via inhibition of ABA response, occurring independently of the cold acclimation pathway.

title: A subset of cytokinin two-component signaling system plays a role in cold temperature stress response in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased freezing tolerance']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) have increased morbidity following invasive procedures. We hypothesized that @entity1 with @entity740 have higher complication rates following device implantation than @entity1 with normal renal function. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of @entity1 undergoing @entity1479 or pacemaker implantation from August 2004 to August 2007. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated using the Cockroft-Gault equation. Those with GFR >=  90 cc/min served as controls. The remainder was grouped according to American Kidney Foundation stages of @entity740 . Bleeding complications were defined as need for pocket exploration or blood transfusion; cardiac tamponade; or @entity1410 requiring pressure dressing, change in medications or prolonged hospitalization. Infection was defined as infection of the pocket or lead system, or development of @entity2259 / @entity295 within 60 days. RESULTS: There were 82 @entity548 complications (5.7%) and 7 @entity281 (0.5%) temporally related to device implantation in 1,440 @entity1 . @entity454 ( @entity454 ), defined as GFR < 15 mL/min or need for dialysis, was identified in 32 @entity1 . Infection rates were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity454 versus controls (12.5% vs 0.2%; P < 0.0001). A significant @entity548 was observed in @entity454 versus controls (21.9% vs 3.2%, respectively; P<0.0001). Bleeding complications were considerably greater than controls in moderate (GFR 30-59 mL/min) and severe (GFR 15-29 mL/min) @entity740 (7.4% and 9.8% vs 3.2%, respectively; P < 0.005). CONCLUSION: @entity454 markedly increases @entity548 and device-related @entity281 . The risk of both complications parallels the severity of @entity740 . Further research is needed to reduce adverse outcomes in this high-risk population.

title: XXXX predicts complications in pacemaker and @entity1479 implants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'increase in bleeding complications']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'End-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['End-stage renal disease']


abstract: AIM: To explore the relationship between the pathology of @entity308 and @entity2227 ( @entity367 ) in hippocampus, and the effect on gastric mobility. METHODS: @entity308 model was established by using the chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS). And stereotaxic and intra-hippocampal microinjection were also used in this experiment. @entity35 emotion and behaviors were observed by the change in body weight, sucrose preference-test, open field-test and forced swimming-test. Intragastric pressure and mobility were recorded with the instrument of Powerlab/8sp. RESULTS: Compared with the control, 21-day CUMS significantly reduced the increase in body weight, @entity35 @entity969 preference, locomotor activity and rearing in open field test, while it significantly increased duration of immobility time in forced swimming test. Meanwhile, magnitudes of intragastric pressure and mobility were significantly declined after 21 days CUMS. Microinjection of @entity367 into hippocampus mimics the behaviors which were produced in CUMS. The down-rang of gastric mobility in the group of @entity367 injection was smaller than CUMS, but was much larger than the control. Intrahippocampal microinjection of @entity3390 attenuated @entity308 -like behaviors induced by stress, weakened stress-induced inhibition of intragastric pressure, and augmented the magnitudes of gastric contraction. CONCLUSION: @entity367 and @entity143 receptor in hippocampus are to do much with the etiology of stress- induced @entity308 . They are not only concerned with behavioral changes induced by stress, but also with the variation of gastric activities, nevertheless, differences exist between the effects of behaviors and gastric activities.

title: [The association of hippocampal @entity2227 with XXXX and the effects on gastric mobility].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of @entity1 treated for @entity542 sustained at work and to compare these results to @entity1 injured outside of work. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of 812 consecutive @entity1 with @entity542 treated at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary between 1999 and 2008. METHODS: A total of 146 @entity1 with @entity542 sustained at work were identified and their characteristics and outcomes were compared with the rest of the @entity1 in the database. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 injured at work, 98% were @entity1 , and the average age of the @entity1 was 35.8 years (17-72 years). The most common mechanism of injury was penetrating @entity130 (56%); 38 @entity1 examined had intraocular foreign bodies (IOFB). Nine work-related @entity542 resulted in enucleation. There was a higher incidence of IOFBs (P = .0001) and penetrating @entity130 (P = .0005) in @entity1 injured at work. Both the preoperative (P = .0001) and final best-corrected visual acuity (P = .0001) was better in the work-related group. The final visual acuity was better than 20/200 in 74.1% of cases of work-related @entity542 . However, there was no difference observed in the rate of enucleations (P = .4). CONCLUSIONS: Work-related @entity130 can cause significant morbidity in a young population of @entity1 . Based on average @entity1 follow-up and final visual acuity, those injured at work do at least as well as, if not potentially better than, those with @entity542 sustained outside of work. While the statistically higher rate of IOFB in the work population is not surprising, it does emphasize the importance of strict adherence to the use of eye protection in the workplace.

title: Characteristics and outcomes of work-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['open globe injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['open globe injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The blood pressure-lowering effect of the @entity3449 inhibitor aliskiren equals that of @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ) inhibitors and angiotensin (Ang) II type 1 (AT1) receptor blockers. Whether aliskiren offers end-organ protection remains to be investigated. Here, we compared the cardiac effects of aliskiren, the AT1 receptor blocker @entity7056 and the @entity1811 inhibitor @entity3371 in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) at equi- @entity551 doses. METHODS AND RESULTS: SHR were treated for 1-3 weeks with vehicle, aliskiren, @entity3371 or @entity7056 (100, 3 and 15 mg/kg per day, respectively) using an osmotic minipump, and compared to vehicle-treated @entity35 -Kyoto (WKY) controls. All drugs lowered (but not normalized) mean arterial pressure in SHR equi-effectively, as monitored by radiotelemetry, without altering heart rate. All drugs also reduced the increased cardiomyocyte area in SHR, and tended to normalize the elevated brain natriuretic peptide plasma levels. In the Langendorff set-up, all drugs normalized the diminished endothelium-dependent vasodilator response to @entity1812 in SHR. Moreover, aliskiren and @entity7056 , but not @entity3371 , decreased the enhanced coronary Ang II response in SHR. Aliskiren reduced plasma @entity3449 activity and the plasma and tissue angiotensin levels at 1 week of treatment; yet, after 3 weeks of aliskiren treatment only the cardiac angiotensin levels remained suppressed, whereas no tissue @entity7774 reductions were seen with @entity3371 or @entity7056 . CONCLUSION: For a given decrease in blood pressure, aliskiren improves coronary endothelial function and decreases @entity1283 in SHR to at least the same degree as @entity1811 inhibition and AT1 receptor blockade. In addition, aliskiren diminishes the enhanced Ang II response in the coronary circulation of SHR and offers superior long-term cardiac angiotensin suppression.

title: Beneficial cardiac effects of the XXXX inhibitor aliskiren in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity7056 :: ('MESH:C081309', 'Chemical') :: ['irbesartan']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity1811 :: ('24310(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity3449 :: (24715(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: Healthy endothelium is a metabolically active interface between the blood and extravascular tissues. Its intimal surface is anticoagulant and antithrombotic, and it secretes a variety of molecules involved in regulating platelet function and @entity1003 . The rapid interactions between platelets, their secreted components, or @entity556 and endothelial cells at sites of vessel damage ensure the local secretion of mediators such as @entity4770 and @entity842 that limit the intravascular growth of the haemostatic plug. There is considerable evidence that a decreased ability of endothelial cells to synthesize NO contributes to the pathogenesis of @entity455 . @entity2631 of PGI2 synthesis has also been implicated in the @entity715 problems in @entity2142 . Endothelium is also the source of circulating @entity2880 factor, important for efficient @entity1423 . Chronically elevated plasma levels of @entity2881 in a series of diseases where there is vascular pathology apparently reflect endothelial cell damage or activation, and may contribute to the prothrombotic tendency they exhibit. They may be compounded by decreased levels of the surface anticoagulant @entity9820 , if the increased concentrations of the soluble forms of @entity9820 detected in the circulation under similar conditions are a reflection of loss from the endothelium. Further alterations of function in a procoagulant/prothrombotic direction take place when endothelial cells are exposed to certain cytokines or lipopolysaccharide. Tissue factor synthesis is induced, @entity9820 expression is decreased, and there is enhanced sensitivity of @entity2881 secretion. In addition, the balance of tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor type I secretion is changed in favour of the latter. These processes are each likely to contribute to the occurrence of @entity5642 which can accompany @entity326 .

title: Endothelial cell function and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet adhesion']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['Local deficiency']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity9820 :: ('7056', 'Gene') :: ['thrombomodulin']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['haemolytic uraemic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To develop a new semiautomatic method to improve target delineation in @entity135 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: We implemented an atlas-based software program using fourteen anatomic landmarks as well as the most superior and inferior computerd tomography slices for @entity10804 , using an advanced @entity189 as an example. Registration was made by an affine transformation. Evaluation was performed with manually drawn contours for comparison. Three physicians sampled and further applied a target volume atlas to ten other computer tomography data sets. In addition, a rapid three-dimensional (3D) correction program was developed. RESULTS: The mean time to the first semiautomatic target delineation proposal was 2.7 minutes. Manual contouring required 20.2 minutes per target, whereas semiautomatic target volume definition with the rapid 3D correction was completed in only 9.7 minutes. The net calculation time for image registration of the target volume atlas was negligible (approximately 0.6 seconds). Our method depicted a sufficient adaptation of the target volume atlas on the new data sets, with a mean similarity index of 77.2%. The similarity index increased up to 85% after 3D correction performed by the physicians. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a new, feasible method for semiautomatic contouring that saves a significant amount (51.8%) of target delineation time for @entity135 @entity1 . This approach uses a target volume atlas and a landmark model. The software was evaluated by means of @entity5 but has important implications for various @entity5 types whereby target volumes remain constant in form and do not move with respiration.

title: Atlas-based semiautomatic target volume definition (CTV) for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-and-neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'laryngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity10804 :: ('MESH:C537069', 'Disease') :: ['automatic target delineation']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head-and-neck tumors']


abstract: Docetaxel (Taxotere), a new semisynthetic taxoid, is a potentially important chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of @entity5 . Forty @entity1 with bidimensionally measurable advanced @entity694 were treated with @entity1205 100 mg m-2 every 3 weeks as a 1 h infusion without routine premedication. Thirty-nine @entity1 were eligible: 23 males and 16 females. Median age was 60 years (range 41-75) and WHO performance status 1 (0-2). Prior adjuvant chemotherapy was performed in four @entity1 and prior radiotherapy in nine @entity1 . Bidimensionally measurable disease sites included: liver in 26 @entity1 , lymph nodes and abdominal/peritoneal masses in 13, lung/mediastinal masses in ten and subcutaneous nodes in four. The median number of cycles given was 2 (range 1-15). Thirty-three @entity1 were evaluable for response. One @entity1 (3%) achieved a complete response and two (6%) (95% confidence limits 0-14%) a partial response. Side-effects were similar to those observed in other studies. Docetaxel, given at this dosage and schedule, has minimal activity in the treatment of @entity14 .

title: XXXX ( @entity1205 ), a novel taxoid, in the treatment of advanced @entity14 : an EORTC Early Clinical Trials Group Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the colon']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['Docetaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2150 ( @entity2150 ), @entity7965 ( @entity7965 ), and @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) are the common spectrums of acquired @entity2131 ( @entity2131 ). Accurate and timely diagnosis is a significant clinical challenge because of the overlapping features. The pathogenesis is not fully understood, but several studies have suggested that defective monocyte functions play an important role. We aimed to find whether the different expressions of @entity7638 , @entity5750 and HLA-DR on @entity404 + monocytes would be helpful in the preliminary diagnosis of acquired @entity2131 . METHODS: This study included 45 @entity1 (21 @entity2150 @entity1 , 13 @entity2590 @entity1 , 11 @entity7965 @entity1 ). The control group was composed of 33 healthy adults. Flow cytometry was performed to determine the @entity5610 conjugated antibodies, including @entity7638 , @entity5750 and HLA-DR. RESULTS: In this study, we found the expression of @entity7638 on @entity404 + monocytes in @entity2150 @entity1 was significant lower than @entity2590 [15.90% (2.39 - 25.70) vs. 60.63% (26.0 - 94.98), p < 0.001] and healthy controls [15.90% (2.39 - 25.70) vs. 67.19% (25.5 - 88.4)%, p < 0.001], and a little higher than @entity7965 @entity1 [15.90% (2.39 - 25.70) vs. 4.55% (3.1 - 6.0), p < 0.05]. While comparing the levels of HLA-DR on @entity404 + monocytes, @entity2150 @entity1 were lower than @entity7965 [40.05% (17.2 - 73.3) vs. 83.14% (80.7 - 94.3), p < 0.001] and @entity2590 @entity1 [40.05% (17.2 - 73.3) vs. 82.37% (69.1 - 91.2), p < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS: According to our knowledge, this is a new clinical diagnostic method that uses surface markers for @entity404 + monocytes such as @entity7638 , @entity5750 , and HLA-DR to make differential diagnoses within @entity2150 , @entity7965 , and @entity2590 @entity1 in clinical practice. In addition, @entity7638 in @entity1 shows that @entity7638 represents the most valuable molecular marker for differential diagnosis of three types of acquired @entity2131 .

title: Differential Expression of XXXX , @entity5750 and HLA-DR on @entity404 + Monocytes in Three Types of Acquired @entity2131 Syndromes.

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['Aplastic anemia', 'AA']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria', 'PNH']

entities_list: @entity2131 :: ('MESH:C536572', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow failure syndromes', 'BMFs']

entities_list: @entity5610 :: ('CHEBI:51217', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorochrome']

answer: @entity7638 :: (1043,Gene) :: ['CD52']