abstract: OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this study was to identify predictors of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) @entity3 in cutaneous @entity320 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of 818 @entity1 in 2 tertiary-level hospitals. The primary outcome variable was @entity1600 involvement. Independent predictors were identified using multiple logistic regression and a classification and regression tree (CART) analysis. RESULTS: Ulceration, @entity5 thickness, and a high mitotic rate (>= 6 mitoses/mm(2)) were independently associated with @entity1600 @entity3 in the multiple regression analysis. The most important predictor in the CART analysis was Breslow thickness. Absence of an inflammatory infiltrate, @entity1 age, and @entity5 location were predictive of @entity1600 @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity5 thicker than 2mm. In the case of thinner @entity320 , the predictors were mitotic rate (>6 mitoses/mm(2)), presence of ulceration, and @entity5 thickness. @entity1 age, mitotic rate, and @entity5 thickness and location were predictive of survival. CONCLUSIONS: A high mitotic rate predicts a higher risk of @entity1600 involvement and worse survival. CART analysis improves the prediction of regional @entity3 , resulting in better clinical management of @entity320 @entity1 . It may also help select suitable candidates for inclusion in clinical trials.

title: Predictors of @entity1600 Status in XXXX : A Classification and Regression Tree Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['SN', 'sentinel lymph node']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Cutaneous Melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most published series of @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ) do not take into account the histopathological subtype. Recent studies suggest that the nodular and superficial types could be induced by different causal factors. OBJECTIVES: To analyse the three major subtypes of BCC with regard to sex, age and anatomical distribution. METHODS: We retrospectively included all cases of BCC diagnosed at a single centre of dermatopathology during 1967-96. The diagnosis and subtype (nodular, superficial, morphoeiform) were confirmed by two dermatopathologists. Gender, age at excision, number of @entity5 and location were recorded, and analysed by histopathological subtype. RESULTS: We recorded 13 457 cases in 10 245 @entity1 (M/F ratio 0.92) of mean age 65 years. Of the @entity1491 , 78.7% were nodular, 15.1% superficial and 6.2% morphoeiform. @entity5 occurred at a mean age of 66.3 years, whereas superficial @entity5 were excised earlier (63.0 years) and more frequently in @entity1 (M/F ratio 0.96). @entity1 with morphoeiform BCC had a mean age of 65.8 years and were predominantly @entity1 (M/F ratio 0.73). Both nodular and morphoeiform types predominated on the head (89.6% and 94.8%), whereas the trunk was the most common location for the superficial type (45.9%). Superficial @entity189 were predominantly located on the head in @entity1 (44.8% vs. 34.7% in @entity1 ), whereas they predominated on the trunk in @entity1 (49.9% vs. 42% in @entity1 ). Tumours of the trunk were excised earlier than those of the face, whatever their histological subtype, in both @entity1 and @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest series of @entity1491 in the literature, and shows striking differences in anatomical distribution, sex and mean age according to histological type. The results suggest that the @entity5 of the trunk, and not only those of the superficial type, could represent a particular subtype of BCC. The analysis also suggests that the hypothesis of chronic vs. intermittent sun exposure cannot be simply extrapolated to BCC. Other causal factors, such as a genetic predisposition, could be involved in the development of @entity189 located on the trunk.

title: Variations of XXXX according to gender, age, location and histopathological subtype.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Nodular tumours', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinomas', 'BCCs']

answer: @entity1491 :: (MESH:D002280,Disease) :: ['basal cell carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity20649 , an endogenous ligand for @entity27953 ( @entity27953 ), is an appetite stimulatory signal from the stomach with structural resemblance to motilin. We examined the effects of the gastric peptide @entity20649 and @entity27953 antagonists on energy balance and glycaemic control in @entity19 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Body weight, fat mass, @entity413 , insulin, and gene expression of leptin, adiponectin, and resistin in @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) were measured after repeated administrations of @entity20649 under a high fat diet. Gastric @entity20649 gene expression was assessed by northern blot analysis. Energy intake and gastric emptying were measured after administration of @entity27953 antagonists. Repeated administration of @entity27953 antagonist was continued for six days in ob/ob @entity28 @entity19 . RESULTS: @entity20649 induced remarkable @entity1386 and worsened glycaemic control under a high fat diet. Pair feeding inhibited this effect. @entity20649 elevated leptin mRNA expression and reduced resistin mRNA expression. Gastric @entity20649 mRNA expression during fasting was increased by a high fat diet. @entity27953 antagonists decreased energy intake in lean @entity19 , in @entity19 with diet induced @entity28 , and in ob/ob @entity28 @entity19 ; it also reduced the rate of gastric emptying. Repeated administration of @entity27953 antagonist decreased body @entity1017 and improved glycaemic control in ob/ob @entity28 @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity20649 appears to be closely related to excess @entity1017 , @entity1386 , and insulin resistance, particularly under a high fat diet and in the dynamic stage. Gastric peptide @entity20649 and @entity27953 may be promising therapeutic targets not only for @entity448 - @entity3085 but also for @entity28 and @entity164 2 @entity6 , which are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide.

title: Antagonism of @entity27953 reduces food intake and body @entity1017 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity27953 :: ('208188(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['growth hormone secretagogue receptor', 'GHS-R']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['white adipose tissue', 'adiposity', 'WAT']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Membrane-bound @entity3978 oxidase (mPPO) in Fuji apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Red Fuji) was purified and analyzed with a nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometer. The three-dimensional model and binding site of mPPO to @entity64532 were also studied using molecular docking. mPPO was purified 54.41-fold using temperature-induced phase partitioning technique and ion exchange chromatography. mPPO had a molecular weight of 67.3kDa. Even though a significant level of homology was observed between mPPO and the soluble @entity3978 oxidase in the @entity920 binding sequence, there was another region, rich in @entity3793 residues, which differed in 13 @entity1522 . The three-dimensional structure of mPPO consisted of six a-helices, two short b-strands, and ten random coils. The putative substrate-binding pocket contained six polar or charged @entity1522 , His191, His221, Trp224, Trp228, @entity815 227, and @entity2596 190. Trp224 and Trp228 formed @entity3884 bonds with @entity64532 .

title: Purification and structural analysis of membrane-bound XXXX oxidase from Fuji apple.

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity64532 :: ('MESH:C018599', 'Chemical') :: ['4-methyl-catechol', '4-methyl catechol']

answer: @entity3978 :: (CHEBI:26195,Chemical) :: ['polyphenol']


abstract: Background. @entity173 @entity1 represent a challenge to @entity158 rating due to the high prevalence of @entity73 . Methods. @entity1 prospectively rated @entity158 on the VRS. Furthermore, @entity1 described the changes in @entity158 after raising their leg, with one of five descriptors. Agreement between paired measures on the VRS at rest and by passive straight leg raise with a one-minute interval between ratings at rest and three-minute interval for straight leg raise was expressed by kappa coefficients. Reliability of this assessment of @entity158 using the VRS was compared to the validity of assessing possible change in @entity158 from the selected descriptors. Cognitive status was quantified by the short Orientation-Memory-Concentration Test. Results. 110 @entity1 were included. Paired scores with maximum disagreement of one scale point reached 97% at rest and 95% at straight leg raise. Linear weighted kappa coefficients ranged from 0.68 (95% CI = 0.59-0.77) at leg raise to 0.75 (95% CI = 0.65-0.85) at rest. Unweighted kappa coefficients of agreement in recalled @entity158 compared to agreement of paired VRS scores ranged from 0.57 (95% CI = 0.49-0.65) to 0.36 (95% CI = 0.31-0.41). Interpretation. The VRS is reliable for assessment of @entity158 after @entity173 . The validity of intermittent questioning about possible change in @entity158 intensity is poor.

title: The Verbal Rating Scale Is Reliable for Assessment of Postoperative Pain in @entity173 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['Hip fracture', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND/METHODS: High biological age, or frailty, a possible risk factor for @entity174 , and its relation to known risk factors for @entity174 (low bone mineral density (BMD), low muscle strength, poor gait performance and poor balance, previous falls, previous @entity174 and future risk of falls) were investigated in 993 randomly selected 75-year-old @entity1 . Frailty, which has no accepted definition, was here defined as a subjective immediate impression of an individual's general health appearance and was transferred into an arbitrary scale. 993 individuals were scored by at least one of four observers. RESULTS: The frailty score and BMD were not correlated. A high frailty score was significantly correlated to poor gait (r = 0.53-0.59, p < 0.0001), poor balance (r = -0.49, p < 0.0001), low muscle strength (r = -0.25 to -0.41, p < 0.0001), low activity level (r = -0.43, p < 0.0001) and a high risk of falling (r = 0.24, p < 0.0001). The group of @entity1 who had experienced at least one fall the previous year had a higher frailty score (p < 0.0001) compared to those who had not. @entity1 who had sustained a hip or @entity3330 after the age of 70 had a higher frailty score than @entity1 with no earlier @entity174 at all. CONCLUSIONS: Bone mass cannot be predicted by our subjective frailty score in elderly, ambulant @entity1 . Since a high frailty score correlates with factors that affect or are likely to affect fall propensity, this could indicate that a high frailty score is a risk factor for @entity174 , independent of bone mass. Frailty may be regarded as a complex risk factor, including several assessments that can be objectively measured. Whether estimation of frailty is a method to improve the assessment of the @entity1 at risk for a @entity174 is yet to be proven and can only be shown in a prospective study of @entity174 occurrence.

title: Bone mass cannot be predicted by estimations of frailty in elderly ambulatory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fragility fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: AIM: To assess the risk factors, mechanism of injury, and clinical outcome of hospitalized @entity1 with @entity3510 in order to recommend preventive measures. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity3510 admitted to Al Ain Hospital, United Arab Emirates (UAE) for more than 24  h or who died after arrival to the hospital were studied over 3  years. Demography, location and @entity130 , affected body regions, hospital and ICU stay, and outcome were analyzed. RESULTS: 239 @entity1 were studied, 90  % were males, and 84  % were in the productive years of 25-54. Majority were from the Indian subcontinent (56  %). Road was the most common location for @entity3510 (47  %), followed by work (39  %). The most common mechanism of injury was traffic collisions (48  %) followed by fall from height (39  %) and fall from the same level (9  %). UAE nationals were often injured at road and home compared with non-UAE nationals, who were more injured at work (p   <   0.0001). @entity1 falling from the same level were older (p   =   0.001) and predominantly females (p   <   0.0001) when compared with other mechanisms. @entity174 were more common in the lumbar region (57  %). Eleven @entity1 (5  %) sustained @entity451 and five (4  %) @entity1 died. INTERPRETATION: @entity130 and falls were the leading causes for @entity3510 in the UAE. Expatriate males are at high risk for fall from height, UAE national males for traffic injuries and females for falls at the same level at homes. Prevention should focus on traffic and home injuries for UAE nationals and occupational safety for expatriate workers.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX in the United Arab Emirates.

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injury', 'spinal injuries']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal fractures']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Traffic injuries', 'time of injury']

answer: @entity3510 :: (MESH:D013124,Disease) :: ['spinal injuries']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Medtronic ICD- @entity1129 has @entity2224 , which can be programmed to deliver @entity955 during sleep, intended to potentially decrease shock @entity148 / @entity158 and lifestyle disruption. However, these shocks may diminish @entity25 . This study examined @entity1457 characteristics (i.e., mode, frequency), AF symptoms, and psychological factors as determinants of @entity25 . METHODS AND RESULTS: The 96 ICD- @entity1129 @entity1 were mostly @entity1 (72%; M age 65 +/- 12 years) and implanted for 1.6 years (SD = 0.8 years). @entity1 were divided into shock groups based on the proportion of mode (> or =90%) of total @entity1457 received. @entity1 were grouped into either @entity1457 group (8 P.M.-8 A.M.; n = 35) or manual-awake shock group (n = 42). Psychological measures included Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Center for Epidemiology Studies-Depression Scale, State-Trait @entity148 Inventory, and Illness Intrusiveness Rating Scale. @entity955 disease burden was assessed via atrial symptom score and @entity1457 use. PSQI global scores were similar between manual (7.67 +/- 2.53) and @entity1457 (8.20 +/- 2.93) groups. A multiple hierarchical regression analysis indicated that no @entity1457 variables were predictive of @entity25 ; yet, both AF symptom (B = 0.226, P = 0.040) and @entity308 (B = 0.392, P = 0.034) scores predicted diminished @entity25 , accounting for 42% of the variance in @entity25 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that @entity955 therapy does not have a deleterious impact on sleep. However, the significance of AF symptoms and @entity308 indicate that comprehensive care of both physical and psychological symptomatology may improve @entity25 in ICD- @entity1129 @entity1 .

title: Sleep quality among @entity1 treated with implantable @entity955 therapy: effect of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['atrial shocks', 'automatic-nocturnal shock', 'atrial shock', 'automatic shock']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['atrial/ventricular therapies']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'atrial defibrillation']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep quality', 'global sleep quality']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['nocturnal shock delivery and psychological distress']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to analyze the features of @entity0 as revealed on dynamic multidetector CT (MDCT), to develop descriptors for these features, and to compare the performance of MDCT with the performance of other techniques used in the depiction of @entity5 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS. MDCT was performed in 149 @entity1 with suspected @entity0 , and 173 breast lesions were detected. These breast lesions were classified as either mass or nonmass enhancing lesions. For mass lesions, the margin, shape, and enhancement patterns were evaluated. For nonmass enhancing lesions, the distribution of enhancement and the types of time-density curve patterns were evaluated. MDCT was compared with mammography and sonography as a method of revealing @entity0 . RESULTS: Of the 173 breast lesions detected, 150 were mass lesions, 131 (87%) of which were malignant. Of the 23 nonmass enhancing lesions, 21 (91%) were malignant. The most highly predictive features for lesion @entity5 were an irregular margin (100%), an irregular shape (99%), and rim enhancement (100%). Similar features were the most accurate signs of @entity5 --a spiculated and irregular margin (90%). On time-density curves, the washout and plateau patterns showed high positive predictive value (93%) and sensitivity (91%) for @entity5 . However, these patterns had low negative predictive value (42%) and specificity (48%). Seven breast lesions that could not be detected on mammography or sonography were identified on MDCT. MDCT more accurately revealed the margin of the @entity5 invasion in 11 @entity0 than did mammography or sonography. CONCLUSION: The features revealed on MDCT can help to distinguish @entity189 . MDCT can add to the data obtained with mammography or sonography in @entity1 with suspected @entity0 .

title: Dynamic multidetector CT of XXXX : diagnostic features and comparison with conventional techniques.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['benign lesions from carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe ophthalmic findings with emphasis on exophthalmometry and ultrasonic assessment of extraocular eye muscle diameter in a consecutive group of females with @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ), compared with healthy controls and @entity1 with other @entity1374 . We also investigated the relationship with biochemical markers of thyroid autoimmunity such as TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb) and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO). METHODS: Seventy adult @entity1 (age 26-74 years) with various types of @entity1374 consecutively entered the study at a tertiary referral center for @entity6875 ( @entity6875 ). Twenty-three had long-standing @entity2743 with @entity6875 . Clinically, @entity6875 was mainly absent in 22 with newly diagnosed @entity2743 and in seven with relapse of @entity2743 . Nine with @entity2621 and nine with @entity1376 were included for comparison and 18 healthy females served as controls. A full ophthalmic status included B-scan ultrasonic assessment of the four horizontal rectus muscle thicknesses, and a clinical NOSPECS score was attempted for each. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Besides higher NOSPECS scores, the @entity6875 subgroup had higher exophthalmometry and muscle thickness. The @entity2743 groups without significant @entity6875 also scored higher in these ratings compared to controls. Hertel recordings, NOSPECS and muscle thicknesses were all correlated in @entity2743 but showed no correlation to thyroid antibodies (TRAb and anti-TPO). Thus, the muscle thickness did not correlate with thyroid autoimmune activity. Nevertheless, we found extraocular muscle assessment useful since a) thicker muscles were usually found in @entity1 with @entity2743 , with or without evidence of @entity6875 , and b) other space-occupying orbital lesions could be excluded, thereby reducing the need for the more elaborate imaging techniques (CT, MRI, etc.).

title: Ultrasound measurement of the horizontal external eye muscles in @entity1 with XXXX . Is orbital involvement associated with thyroid autoantibodies?

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease", 'GD']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyrolditis"]

entities_list: @entity1376 :: ('MESH:C564546', 'Disease') :: ['multinodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ['TAO', 'thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease', 'thyroid diseases']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid disease']


abstract: Childhood @entity1778 incidence in Costa Rica during 1981-96, among the highest in the world, was analysed by histology, gender, birth year, time period of diagnosis, age at diagnosis and region. Numbers of cases were extracted from the database of the National Cancer Registry (RNT) of Costa Rica. @entity1 -years at risk were calculated from census data and post-census population estimates. During the follow-up, 918 cases of @entity1778 in @entity1 under 15 years (510 @entity1 , 408 @entity1 ) were reported to the RNT (41% of all childhood @entity5 ), with an overall age-standardised incidence rate of 56 per million @entity1 -years. @entity981 ( @entity981 ) represented 79% and @entity981 ( @entity981 ) 16% of the cases, with rates of 43 and 9 per million @entity1 -years respectively. There were downward trends in incidence of @entity1778 , @entity981 and @entity981 and 'not otherwise specified' (NOS) combined. Incidence of @entity981 was highest at 1-4 years of age in @entity1 and @entity1 , whereas @entity981 peaked in @entity1 during the first year of life. During 1991-96, the decrease in @entity981 was significant (P = 0.042). A multivariable Poisson regression model identified significant excesses of @entity981 for @entity1 , for age groups 1-4 and 5-9 years and for three out of seven regions. Possible reasons for the high rates in Costa Rica are discussed.

title: Childhood XXXX in Costa Rica, 1981-96.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Person', 'children', 'girls', 'person', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['total leukaemias', 'leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia', 'Acute lymphocytic leukaemia', 'ANLL']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukaemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the molecular mechanism of TAp63gamma-induced cell apoptosis. METHODS: Transcription and protein expression of apoptosis inducing factor and @entity4206 were investigated by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR in @entity1 @entity1721 cell line EC9706 respectively. Twenty-four hours after transfection with pcDNA3.1-TAp63gamma, the apoptosis and translocation of apoptosis inducing factor in EC9706 cells were studied by flow cytometry, laser confocal microscopy and mitochondrial/cytosol/nuclear extraction analysis respectively. Down-regulation of apoptosis inducing factor protein was achieved by RNAi and pretreatment with caspase inhibitor zVAD.fmk of EC9706 cells. RESULTS: Presence of protein expressions of apoptosis inducing factor and absence of TAp63gamma was observed in the cytoplasm of untransfected cells. RT-PCR verified the subtype of @entity4206 in EC9706 cells was DeltaNp63. After 24 hours of transfection, both nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of apoptosis inducing factor protein were observed in cells transfected with TAp63gamma and @entity876 expression vectors, but not in cells transfected with control vector. Cell apoptosis rates were 1.37%, 13.64%, 4.52%, 4.03% and 1.91% in the pcDNA3.1 transfection group, pcDNA3.1-TAp63gamma transfection group, apoptosis inducing factor siRNA and pcDNA3.1-TAp63gamma transfection group, zVAD.fmk treatment group, and the group receiving apoptosis inducing factor siRNA, plus zVAD.fmk treatment and pcDNA3.1-TAp63gamma transfection, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Apoptosis inducing factor of EC9706 cells is released from mitochondria into both the cytoplasm and nucleus during TAp63gamma induced apoptosis. Down-regulation of apoptosis inducing factor inhibits TAp63gamma-induced apoptosis. Overall, TAp63gamma-induced apoptosis is dependent on the expression of apoptosis inducing factor and caspase.

title: [TAp63gamma-induced apoptosis mediated by apoptosis inducing factor in XXXX @entity1721 EC9706 cells].

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Mating-induced @entity7288 (MIE) is ubiquitous in the @entity1641 after natural mating and artificial insemination with frozen/thawed semen causing the most aggressive response. The majority of mares eliminate MIE 24-48 h after insemination. An endometrial explant culture was tested as a potential in vitro exemplar for sperm-induced MIE. Endometrial @entity3774 (PGF(2alpha)) secretion and expression of @entity66799 ( @entity66799 ) were used as markers of @entity32 . Endometrial explants were cultured from uteri collected from follicular phase mares. Explants were challenged with 1 or 10 x 10(6) sperm/ml frozen/thawed semen, chilled semen, washed sperm or seminal plasma. Medium was collected 24 and 72 h after challenge and assayed for PGF(2alpha) by radioimmunoassay. Treatment of endometrial explants with frozen/thawed, chilled semen or washed sperm did not change the secretion of PGF(2alpha) compared with untreated controls. However, 24 h after challenge cultured explants expressed @entity66799 . The in vitro endometrial explant system did not represent the in vivo response to semen when PGF(2alpha) was used as a marker of @entity32 , yet the use of gene expression as an inflammatory marker warrants further investigation.

title: Endometrial explant culture to study the response of XXXX endometrium to insemination.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F(2alpha)']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anti-malarial chemoprevention with @entity8185 - @entity26716 ( @entity4601 /PQ) is a promising tool for @entity311 control, but its efficacy in @entity1 may be limited by inadequate drug exposure. METHODS: @entity1 were enrolled in a non directly-observed trial of @entity4601 /PQ chemoprevention in a high transmission setting in Uganda. @entity1 were randomized at 6  months of age to no chemoprevention (n  =  89) or monthly @entity4601 /PQ (n  =  87) and followed through 24  months of age, with pharmacokinetic sampling performed at variable times following monthly dosing of @entity4601 /PQ. A previously published pharmacokinetic model was used to estimate @entity26716 (PQ) exposure in each @entity1 , and associations between PQ exposure and the protective efficacy (PE) of @entity4601 /PQ were explored. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity311 was 6.83 and 3.09 episodes per @entity1 year at risk in the no chemoprevention and @entity4601 /PQ arms, respectively (PE 54  %, 95  % CI 39-66  %, P  <  0.001). Among @entity1 randomized to @entity4601 /PQ, 493 pharmacokinetic samples were collected. Despite nearly 100  % reported adherence to study drug administration at home, there was wide variability in PQ exposure, and @entity1 were stratified into three groups based on average PQ exposure during the intervention that was determined by model generated percentiles (low, n  =  40; medium, n  =  37, and high, n  =  10). Gender and socioeconomic factors were not significantly associated with PQ exposure. In multivariate models, the PE of @entity4601 /PQ was 31  % in the low PQ exposure group (95  % CI 6-49  %, P  =  0.02), 67  % in the medium PQ exposure group (95  % CI 54-76  %, P  <  0.001), and 97  % in the high PQ exposure group (95  % CI 89-99  %, P  <  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The protective efficacy of @entity4601 /PQ chemoprevention in young @entity1 was strongly associated with higher drug exposure; in @entity1 with the highest PQ exposure, monthly @entity4601 /PQ chemoprevention was nearly 100  % protective against @entity311 . Strategies to ensure good adherence to monthly dosing and optimize drug exposure are critical to maximize the efficacy of this promising @entity311 control strategy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials Identifier NCT00948896.

title: Variable XXXX exposure significantly impacts protective efficacy of monthly @entity8185 - @entity26716 for the prevention of @entity311 in Ugandan @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'person', 'child']

entities_list: @entity26716 :: ('MESH:C034759', 'Chemical') :: ['piperaquine']

entities_list: @entity8185 :: ('MESH:C039060', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroartemisinin']

answer: @entity26716 :: (MESH:C034759,Chemical) :: ['piperaquine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study determined the incidence, type, nature, preventability and impact of @entity137 ( @entity137 ) among hospitalised @entity1 and potentially preventable @entity204 in Dutch hospitals. METHODS: Using a three-stage retrospective record review process, trained nurses and doctors reviewed 7926 admissions: 3983 admissions of deceased hospital @entity1 and 3943 admissions of discharged @entity1 in 2004, in a random sample of 21 hospitals in the Netherlands (4 university, 6 tertiary teaching and 11 general hospitals). A large sample of deceased @entity1 was included to determine the occurrence of potentially preventable @entity204 in hospitals more precisely. RESULTS: One or more @entity137 were found in 5.7% (95% CI 5.1% to 6.4%) of all admissions and a preventable AE in 2.3% (95% CI 1.9% to 2.7%). Of all @entity137 , 12.8% resulted in @entity2319 or contributed to @entity204 . The proportion of @entity137 and their impact increased with age. More than 50% of the @entity137 were related to surgical procedures. Among deceased hospital @entity1 , 10.7% (95% CI 9.8% to 11.7%) had experienced an AE. Preventable @entity137 that contributed to @entity204 occurred in 4.1% (95% CI 3.5% to 4.8%) of all hospital @entity204 . Extrapolating to a national level, between 1482 and 2032 potentially preventable @entity204 occurred in Dutch hospitals in 2004. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity137 , preventable @entity137 and potentially preventable @entity204 in the Netherlands is substantial and needs to be reduced. @entity1 safety efforts should focus on surgical procedures and older @entity1 .

title: Adverse events and potentially preventable @entity204 in Dutch hospitals: results of a retrospective XXXX record review study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['AEs', 'adverse events']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['permanent disability']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: We previously described spatiotemporal expression of various epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like ligands and receptor subtypes, ErbB1 and @entity7171 , during the peri-implantation period. To better understand the roles of these ligands and their possible signaling schemes in implantation, it is important to define the status of all the ligands and receptor subtypes in the uterus/embryo. No information is available about uterine and embryonic status of @entity21523 or @entity21522 during implantation. We cloned @entity19 @entity21523 and @entity21522 cDNAs and examined their expression and bioactivity in the peri-implantation uterus (days 1-8). Two @entity21523 (cytoplasmic and extracellular) and three @entity21522 (two cytoplasmic and one extracellular) clones were generated. Both forms of the @entity21523 clone showed similar transcript profiles, while different transcript profiles were obtained with @entity21522 clones. The steady-state levels of @entity21523 and @entity21522 mRNAs in whole uterine poly(A)+ RNA samples showed little changes during the peri-implantation period, while their unique cell-specific accumulation was noted. @entity21523 is predominantly expressed in the epithelial cells, although decidual and embryonic cells also accumulate this mRNA. In contrast, the @entity21522 mRNA is primarily expressed in the submyometrial stroma and myometrial connective tissues during this period. Additionally, the extracellular form of the @entity21522 clone detected signals in a subpopulation of stromal cells. Autophosphorylation and immunoprecipitation studies provided evidence that uterine @entity21523 and @entity21522 are biologically active. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of possible ligand-receptor signaling schemes for EGF-like ligands in implantation.

title: erbB genes in the XXXX uterus: cell-specific signaling by epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of growth factors during implantation.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of Tofupill/Femarelle (DT56a), a novel phyto-selective @entity172 receptor modulator (SERM), in preserving @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in postmenopausal @entity1 . DESIGN: The study sample consisted of 98 healthy, postmenopausal @entity1 who were randomly allocated, on a double-blind basis, to receive either 644 mg/d DT56a (study group) or 344 mg/d DT56a supplemented with @entity460 (low-dose group) for 12 months. Each @entity1 was assessed with a comprehensive health questionnaire, a detailed physical, and laboratory and pelvic sonogram examinations at entry and every 3 months thereafter. @entity79 was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (Lunar) of the lumbar spine and femoral neck before the study began and after 12 months of treatment. RESULTS: After 12 months of treatment, @entity79 had increased in the study group by 3.6% in the lumbar spine (P = 0.039) and by 2.0% in the femoral neck (NS). In the low-dose group, @entity79 had decreased in the lumbar spine by 0.6% (NS) and by 0.6% in the femoral neck (NS). Comparison of the change in bone density between the groups yielded a significant difference for the lumbar spine (P = 0.037). Neither group showed a change in endometrial thickness and sex hormone levels nor reported any side effects of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Tofupill treatment in postmenopausal @entity1 increases @entity79 without unwanted estrogenic effect. Tofupill appears to be a promising phyto-SERM for the prevention of @entity170 .

title: Tofupill/Femarelle (DT56a): a new phyto-selective XXXX receptor modulator-like substance for the treatment of postmenopausal bone loss.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nursing home (NH) residents who require assistance during mealtimes are at risk for @entity3147 . Supportive handfeeding is recommended, yet there is limited evidence supporting use of a specific handfeeding technique to increase meal intake. OBJECTIVES: To compare efficacy of three handfeeding techniques for assisting NH residents with @entity303 with meals: @entity4629 ( @entity4629 ), Over Hand (OH), and Under Hand (UH). DESIGN: A prospective pilot study using a within-subjects experimental Latin square design with randomization to one of three handfeeding technique sequences. SETTING AND @entity1 : 30 residents living with advanced @entity303 in 11 U.S. NHs. MEASUREMENTS: Time required for assistance; meal intake (% eaten); and feeding behaviors, measured by the Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in @entity303 (EdFED) scale. INTERVENTION: Research Assistants provided feeding assistance for 18 video-recorded meals per resident (N = 540 meals). Residents were assisted with one designated technique for 6 consecutive meals, changing technique every 2 days. RESULTS: Mean time spent providing meal assistance did not differ significantly between techniques. Mean meal intake was greater for @entity4629 (67    15.2%) and UH (65    15.0%) with both significantly greater than OH (60    15.1%). Feeding behaviors were more frequent with OH (8.3    1.8%), relative to @entity4629 (8.0    1.8) and UH (7.7    1.8). CONCLUSION: All three techniques are time neutral. UH and @entity4629 are viable options to increase meal intake among NH residents with advanced @entity303 and reduce feeding behaviors relative to OH feeding.

title: Experimental Comparison of Efficacy for Three Handfeeding Techniques in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity4629 :: ('MESH:D051556', 'Disease') :: ['DH', 'Direct Hand']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: Lifestyle modification has been widely acknowledged as the primary treatment for the @entity209 ( @entity209 ). We examined the short-term effects of a non-dieting lifestyle intervention program, within the theoretical psychological framework of self-determination theory (SDT), on metabolic fitness and psychological well-being among premenopausal, clinically @entity28 @entity1 . A secondary analysis of a randomized, controlled, 3 month, intensive, community-based lifestyle intervention study was performed on 31 pre-menopausal @entity28 @entity1 with the @entity209 (56.4% of original study sample). These @entity1 had been randomly allocated to a non-dieting lifestyle intervention group (n = 17) or waiting list control (n = 14). Among @entity1 who completed repeat anthropometric and @entity410 after 3 months intervention, the lifestyle intervention group showed a significant improvement in VO2 (mL.kg(-1).min(-1)) compared with control (test for interaction, p = 0.003). No significant difference was found for body mass. Metabolic improvements were evident for diastolic blood pressure and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 in both groups. The lifestyle intervention group also showed significantly improved general psychological well-being compared with the control group (test for interaction, p = 0.0005). All of the psychological well-being subscales showed significant favourable changes in the intervention group as compared with controls. This short-term, non-dieting lifestyle intervention, consistent with the "Health at Every Size" (HAES) @entity28 treatment paradigm, significantly improved @entity410 and psychological well-being. Metabolic risk tended to improve after 3 months intervention with no significant difference in the resolution of the @entity209 between intervention and control @entity1 .

title: Short-term effects of a non-dieting lifestyle intervention program on weight management, fitness, metabolic risk, and psychological well-being in XXXX premenopausal females with the @entity209 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness', 'cardiorespiratory fitness measurements']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present the first reported series of @entity1 undergoing myopic LASIK with the FEMTO @entity20047 Crystal Line femtosecond laser and the WaveLight Allegretto Eye-Q excimer laser. We report the uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA and CDVA), refractive predictability, efficacy and safety of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) performed with the above laser platforms. METHODS: This prospective interventional case series study evaluated consecutive eyes with low to moderate @entity940 that underwent LASIK with the FEMTO @entity20047 Crystal Line femtosecond laser and the WaveLight Allegretto Eye-Q 400Hz excimer laser. Visual and refractive changes as well as complications were evaluated after wavefront-optimized laser treatment. RESULTS: Four hundred and forty four @entity1 (887 eyes) reached the 6-month time gate. Mean age at time of procedure was 31 years (range: 20-59). Mean pre-op spherical-equivalent (SE) was -3.44 diopters (D)  1.34D (range: -0.50 to -7.00) whilst the postoperative spherical equivalent decreased to -0.08  0.31D (range -2.25 to 1.00). At 6-month follow up, 96.9% of @entity1 had monocular uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/20 or better with 95.2% of @entity1 within   0.5D of intended refractive outcome. All @entity1 achieved 20/20 binocular distance uncorrected visual acuity. No significant @entity260 were encountered during the 6-month follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of the above laser platforms provides safe, effective and predictable results in correcting compound @entity940 with excellent visual outcomes.

title: Wavefront-optimized laser in situ keratomileusis with the Allegretto Wave Eye-Q excimer laser and the FEMTO XXXX Crystal Line femtosecond laser: 6 month visual and refractive results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['myopic astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['intra-operative or postoperative complications']

answer: @entity20047 :: (11048,Species) :: ['LDV']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Feline vaccination guidelines recommend less frequent boosters for the core vaccines ( @entity17976 , calicivirosis and @entity166 ). Most guidelines recommend boosters at 3-yearly intervals after a basic vaccination including primary vaccination and revaccination one year later. The objective of this study was to assess the duration of immunity induced by PUREVAX(  ) RCPCh FeLV, a non-adjuvanted vaccine against feline @entity17976 , calicivirosis, @entity166 , chlamydiosis and @entity1778 . After primary vaccination followed by revaccination one year later with a vaccine formulated at minimum dose, the @entity468 were kept in a confined environment and challenged 3 years later with a virulent heterologous strain of @entity21063 ) and subsequently a virulent strain of @entity29539 (FHV). Clinical signs and @entity1800 were recorded for two weeks after each viral inoculation. Contemporary unvaccinated @entity468 and new animals added at the time of challenge were used as controls. The vaccination regimen induced a stable and long-lasting humoral response. Vaccination resulted in a significant reduction in the severity of the disease after FHV challenge and in the frequency of @entity468 showing a severe calicivirosis (defined as a combination of systemic clinical symptoms and oronasal ulcers). As opposed to the significant reduction of excretion observed a few weeks after primo-vaccination or even one year after vaccination for @entity21063 , viral shedding was not reduced 3 years after revaccination. This study showed that primary vaccination and revaccination one year later with PUREVAX(  ) RCPCh FeLV was able to induce 3-year duration of immunity against @entity21063 and FHV. The results and conclusion of this study are consistent with current vaccination guidelines and will allow the veterinarian to adapt the vaccination regimen to the way of life of the cat.

title: Three-year duration of immunity for XXXX and calicivirus evaluated in a controlled vaccination-challenge laboratory trial.

entities_list: @entity21063 :: ('11978', 'Species') :: ['FCV', 'feline calicivirus (FCV']

entities_list: @entity17976 :: ('MESH:D007241', 'Disease') :: ['rhinotracheitis']

entities_list: @entity29539 :: ('10334', 'Species') :: ['feline herpesvirus']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral excretion']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious panleucopenia']

answer: @entity29539 :: (10334,Species) :: ['feline herpesvirus']


abstract: Calcifying @entity5 (CFT) is usually solitary, involving the soft tissue, pleura, or peritoneum. The cause and pathogenesis are unclear. Cases with @entity75 are rare, and a familial occurrence has not been reported. Herein, a family in which 2 sisters developed multifocal peritoneal CFT is described. The sisters each had @entity490 , and each was found at laparotomy to have multiple nodular lesions on the mesenteric, omental, and small bowel serosal surfaces. Many lesions were composed of collagenous, paucicellular, fibrous tissue with @entity730 , consistent with CFT. Some lesions were composed of more cellular spindle-celled tissue resembling @entity5 . Both @entity1 were alive and well 19 and 17 years after diagnosis, respectively. One other sibling and 2 @entity1 of one of the sisters were speculated to have the same disorder, based on clinical findings. This report suggests that there may be genetic susceptibility to CFT, although chance and common environmental etiologic factors cannot be excluded.

title: Familial peritoneal multifocal calcifying XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors', 'fibrous tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal lesions']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['psammomatous or dystrophic calcification']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['fibrous tumor']


abstract: Periprocedural @entity583 (PMI) is one of the major complications of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We investigated the influence of coronary plaque burden and characteristics on PMI using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) with radiofrequency-based tissue characterization technology (iMAP). The study population consisted of 33 consecutive @entity1 with stable @entity951 who underwent PCI. IVUS images were recorded before and after PCI for offline analysis, and coronary flow reserve (CFR) was measured after PCI. PMI was defined as a post-PCI cardiac troponin T elevation > 5   99(th) percentile of the upper reference limit (0.014 ng/mL). Plaque volume in @entity1 with PMI (n = 12) was significantly greater than that in @entity1 without PMI (n = 21) (240.4    106.0 mm(3) versus 152.1    76.9 mm(3), P = 0.0096). The iMAP-IVUS analysis demonstrated that the fibrotic, lipidic, and necrotic tissue volume within culprit lesions were also greater in @entity1 with PMI than in @entity1 without PMI (129.4    52.2 mm(3) versus 94.6    40.8 mm(3), P = 0.041; 26.8    10.5 mm(3) versus 15.8    11.5 mm(3), P = 0.011; and 81.3    48.4 mm(3) versus 40.2    33.6 mm(3), P = 0.0071, respectively). Multivariate logistic analysis demonstrated that necrotic tissue volume was the only independent predictor of PMI. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the post-PCI CFR values signifi cantly correlated with percent plaque burden, and there were no correlations with the percent tissue burden of each plaque component. In conclusion, the iMAP-IVUS analyses demonstrate that necrotic tissue volume is a potent predictor of PMI. Microcirculatory disturbance after PCI is significantly influenced by percent plaque burden, @entity13875 .

title: Impact of coronary plaque burden and composition on periprocedural XXXX and coronary flow reserve after percutaneous coronary intervention.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity13875 :: ('MESH:D058617', 'Disease') :: ['regardless of plaque compositions']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Morbidity and mortality associated with opioid use have increased across the nation, growing into what can only be described as an epidemic. SETTING: In Washington State between 2002 and 2004, the statewide death rate attributed to any opioid was 6.6 per 100,000 @entity1 , but between 2011 and 2013 it increased to 8.6 per 100,000 @entity1 . Pharmacies provide a unique access point for harm reduction services to @entity1 due to their ease of accessibility in the community. PRACTICE DESCRIPTION: In development of a take-home @entity1510 (THN) program, there were multiple areas that needed to be considered. These included product selection, collaborative practice agreements, training format and materials, managing @entity1 and provider expectations, partnerships, and community perception of the service. PRACTICE INNOVATION: Initial demographics from our experience of @entity1 obtaining THN showed a significant difference in the median age from other available programs in the area (57 years vs. 34, 35, and 31). These @entity1 tended to be bystanders, instead of end users of opioids, which led to redirecting marketing of our program. We provided community and group trainings for various organizations around the greater Seattle area. We have trained approximately 1400 unique individuals on how to recognize and respond to an @entity1445 , and how to administer @entity1510 . EVALUATION: One organization reports 20 successful @entity1445 rescues from 99 kits (100% intranasal route) dispensed by our pharmacy (20.2% rescue rate). RESULTS: Since 2012 when our THN program began, we have seen growth of these programs across the state. Based on data through 2015, deaths from heroin in King County have decreased for the first time in the last 7 years, and the number of @entity1 seeking treatment for @entity29908 has increased. CONCLUSION: Take-home @entity1510 programs can be successfully implemented into community pharmacies to increase access and awareness of @entity1445 recognition and response.

title: Implementing take-home XXXX in an urban community pharmacy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity29908 :: ('MESH:D006556', 'Disease') :: ['heroin addiction']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['overdose', 'opioid overdose']

answer: @entity1510 :: (MESH:D009270,Chemical) :: ['naloxone']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to report on @entity438 ( @entity438 ) treated by transcatheter embolization in our single-center institution and to evaluate the clinical outcomes of @entity1 with @entity5475 by @entity439 location. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The original medical records and imaging results of 52 @entity1 with @entity5475 treated in our center between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2013 were reviewed. Of these cases, 7 @entity1 (13.5%) underwent surgery, 4 @entity1 (7.5%) underwent serial observation, and 1 @entity1 had stent insertion only, leaving 40 @entity1 (78.9%) who underwent endovascular treatment using a coil, with or without @entity7548 . RESULTS: @entity439 were located in the distal third of the splenic artery in 27 @entity1 (67.5%), in the middle third in 9 cases (22.5%), and in the proximal third in 4 cases (10%). Of the 40 included @entity1 , 25 were female (62.5%). Twenty-eight @entity1 (70%) were asymptomatic. The mean @entity439 diameter was 2.48 cm (range, 0.8-6.0 cm). Complications involved @entity788 (n=1) and early @entity1188 (n=29: <1/3 in 14, 1/3-2/3 in 10, and >2/3 in 5). @entity751 was noted in 26 @entity1 (65%). There were no significant differences by @entity439 location in the postoperative increase in the values of white blood cells, amylase, lipase, and @entity1851 (P=0.067, P=0.881, P=0.891, and P=0.188, respectively). CONCLUSION: At our institution, endovascular management is safe, has high technical success, and represents the first-line treatment for @entity5475 , regardless of @entity439 location.

title: Transcatheter XXXX : A Single-Center Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm', 'Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity7548 :: ('MESH:D004659', 'Chemical') :: ['N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['spleen infarction']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['Postembolization syndrome']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['splenic artery aneurysms', 'SAAs']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Arterial Embolization of Splenic Artery Aneurysms']


abstract: Clinical and recent imaging reports demonstrate the involvement of various cerebral prefrontal areas in the processing of @entity158 . This has received further confirmation from animal experimentation showing an alteration of the threshold of acute nociceptive reflexes by various manipulations in the orbito-frontal cortical areas. The present study investigates the possible involvement of this area in the modulation of neuropathic manifestations in awake @entity35 . Several groups of @entity35 were subjected to @entity4216 following the @entity128 model, known to produce evident tactile and @entity1931 and @entity1931 . The activity of the ventrolateral orbital areas was selectively blocked by using either chronic or acute injection of @entity3303 , electrolytic lesion, or chemical lesion with @entity4176 or @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ). The effects of these manipulations were compared with those following lesion of the somatic sensorimotor cortical areas. Local injection of @entity3303 resulted in a reversible @entity308 of all neuropathic manifestations while electrolytic or chemical @entity75 elicited transient attenuation affecting mainly the @entity1931 and to a lesser extent the @entity1931 . The magnitude of the observed effects with the different procedures used can be ranked as follows: @entity2955 <lesion<electrolytic lesion<kainic acid lesion< @entity3303 injection. The observed effects were transient despite the permanence of the @entity75 while lesion of the somatosensorimotor cortices produced sustained reduction of the neuropathic manifestations. Our results correlate well with the established connections of the ventrolateral orbital area with the thalamic nucleus subnucleus involved in the procession of thermal nociception. The transient effects reported following permanent @entity75 in the orbital areas may reflect its flexible role in @entity158 modulation. This observation provides further evidence on the plasticity of the neural networks involved in the regulation of nociceptive behavior.

title: Attenuation of neuropathic manifestations by local block of the activities of the ventrolateral orbito-frontal area in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['cold allodynia', 'heat hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lesions']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['spared nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity4216 :: ('MESH:D020422', 'Disease') :: ['mononeuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity1 of @entity739 are culturally unique and are known to have oral health disparities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate dental fear in relation to delayed dental care as a factor influencing oral health behaviors within this culture. METHODS: A cross sectional study design was used. @entity1 were urgent care @entity1 in a university dental clinic. The sample included 140 adults over age 18 years. The Dental Fear Survey was used to determine dental fear level. Self-report of delayed dental care was provided by the @entity1 . The Dental Fear Survey was dichotomized at score 33, with higher scores indicating dental fear. RESULTS: The prevalence of dental fear was 47.1% (n=66). There was a significant association of dental fear and dental delay. The unadjusted odds ratio was 2.87 (95% CI: 1.17, 7.04; p=0.021). The adjusted odds ratio was 3.83 (95%CI: 1.14, 12.82; p=0.030), controlling for @entity286 use, perceived oral health status, @entity158 , and last dental visit. A difference in dental delay between @entity1 and @entity1 was not present in this sample. The only significant variable in delayed dental care was dental fear. CONCLUSION: In @entity739 , there remains a high level of dental fear, despite advances in dental care, techniques, and procedures.

title: Dental Fear and Delayed Dental Care in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['Appalachia-West Virginia']

answer: @entity739 :: (MESH:D013036,Disease) :: ['Appalachia-West Virginia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of @entity6 has been steadily increasing in Western countries. We investigated the impact of @entity159 ( @entity159 ) on the prevalence of self-reported @entity6 , and its differences between genders. METHODS: Data for this investigation were derived from the second cycle of the National Population Health Survey conducted in 1996-1997. A total of 39 021 subjects (17 730 males and 21 291 females) >/=40 years of age who answered the question about @entity6 were included in the present analysis. Educational attainment and income adequacy were used as indicators of @entity159 . Multiple logistic regression models were constructed for @entity1 and @entity1 separately to assess the effects of @entity159 on the prevalence of @entity6 after adjustment for age, area of residence, body mass index, and physical activity. RESULTS: and The prevalence of @entity6 was 6.6% among @entity1 and 5.5% among @entity1 . The CONCLUSIONS: prevalence increased with decreasing income category and educational attainment in both genders. The odds ratios for income and education in relation to @entity6 after adjustment remained significant in @entity1 , but attained unity in @entity1 . Canadian @entity1 >/=40 years of age of low @entity159 have a relatively high prevalence of @entity6 , independent of age, area of residence, @entity28 , and physical inactivity.

title: Gender-related differences in the association between @entity159 and self-reported XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SES', 'socioeconomic status']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To date, no prospective studies have been conducted in France describing the management of actinic keratoses (AK) and superficial @entity1491 (sBCC). The aim of the present study was to describe the therapeutic modalities for AK and sBCC adopted by French dermatologists and to determine the direct annual medical costs. @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a prospective, observational study conducted in France between January and June 2004 in a random selection of representative dermatologists (n=202). The first 5 adult @entity1 seen for one or more sBCCs and the first @entity1 with at least 4 AKs over a period of four non-consecutive weeks were included in the study. The following data were recorded using a standardized questionnaire at inclusion: date of birth, gender, habitat, professional activity, social insurance regimen, site, number and maximum size of lesions. The therapeutic modalities, the physicians involved and the laboratory examinations during the 3 months following diagnosis were recorded prospectively. Medical management costs were calculated taking into account the usual parameters (e.g. French nomenclature of medical acts). RESULTS: 512 @entity1 with sBCC (mean age: 69 years; sex-ratio M/F: 0.92) were included in the study. sBCC was isolated in 80% of cases, measured less than 2 cm in 90%, and was located on the head/neck in 51% and on the trunk in 37%. Histological confirmation of diagnosis of BCC was obtained in 85% of cases. Treatment comprised surgical excision in 70% of cases, cryotherapy in 13%, topical therapy in 7% and curettage/electrodessication in 4%. Clinical follow-up was performed in 79% of cases. The mean cost per @entity1 over 3 months was 139 @entity7634 (CI95%: 125-153). In addition, 226 @entity1 with AK (mean age: 76 years; sex-ratio M/F: 2.1) were included in the study. AKs were located on the head/neck in 74% of cases and on the trunk in 6%. Treatment consisted of cryotherapy in 92% of cases. The mean cost per @entity1 over 3 months was calculated at 85 @entity7634 (CI95%: 71-99). An on-site audit of 5% of the investigators gave a concordance rate of 98.8%. DISCUSSION: This is the first study conducted in France to evaluate both the medical approach and treatment costs of sBCC and AK. Finally, the mostly surgical treatment of sBCC observed is in accordance with the recent French ANAES guidelines. When extrapolating the results of the present study, the annual cost of treatment of sBCC by French dermatologists may be estimated at between 10.2 and 10.6m @entity7634 .

title: [Therapeutic modalities and economic assessment in the treatment of superficial XXXX and multiple actinic keratoses by French dermatologists].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity1491 :: (MESH:D002280,Disease) :: ['basal cell carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Target vessel revascularization (TVR) may compromise the benefits of primary percutaneous coronary intervention in @entity583 ( @entity583 ) We set out to identify the predictors and examine the impact of TVR after @entity583 in @entity1 receiving a coronary stent. METHODS: In HORIZONS-AMI, 3,602 @entity1 with @entity583 were randomized to bivalirudin versus heparin and a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor. Stents were implanted in 3,202 @entity1 (2,982 were randomized to bare-metal stents versus @entity1311 -eluting stents, and 220 received nonrandomized stents). RESULTS: Target vessel revascularization occurred in 219 @entity1 (6.9%) at 1 year and in 437 @entity1 (14.4%) at 3 years. Target vessel revascularization was @entity63 -driven in 418 cases (95.7%). Target vessel revascularization was due to restenosis in 219 @entity1 (50.1%), definite stent @entity715 in 124 (28.4%), and disease progression in 94 (21.5%). Independent predictors of TVR were more extensive @entity453 , smaller vessel size, longer lesion length and the number of stents implanted, post-percutaneous coronary intervention diameter stenosis, symptom onset to balloon time, treatment with bare-metal stents rather than @entity1311 -eluting stents, and scheduled angiographic follow-up. Target vessel revascularization was an independent predictor of subsequent @entity583 (hazard ratio [HR] 5.25, P < .0001), ST (HR 5.98, P < .0001), and @entity548 (HR 5.25, P < .0001) but not mortality (HR 0.88, P = .61). CONCLUSIONS: In HORIZONS-AMI, TVR within 3 years after stent implantation was performed in ~1 of every 7 @entity1 and was associated with more extensive @entity301 , more complex procedures, and bare metal stents. Target vessel revascularization was often due to stent @entity715 and disease progression as well as restenosis and was strongly associated with adverse outcomes but not mortality.

title: Predictors and impact of target vessel revascularization after stent implantation for acute XXXX : Lessons from HORIZONS-AMI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['major bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case report. OBJECTIVE: To describe a rare case of @entity2967 , @entity1362 (PVNS) in a pars defect in a @entity1 with lumbar spondylolysis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATE: PVNS rarely occurred in lumbar spine, and no studies in the English literature have reported PVNS in a pars defect in lumbar spondylolysis. METHODS: The @entity1 was a 14-year-old female presented with a 5-month history of @entity1643 . Plain radiography showed spondylolysis at L5 and computed tomography revealed a 1 * 2-cm slightly eroding tumorous mass at the left L5 pars. On magnetic resonance imaging, the mass showed intermediate intensity and @entity2287 enhancement on T1-weighted images (WI) and high intensity on T2-WI and T2 STAR-WI. After undergoing computed tomography-guided needle biopsy, a pathological diagnosis of PVNS was made and total gross resection was performed. RESULTS: The gross appearance and the postoperative pathological diagnosis were consistent with PVNS. The postoperative clinical course was uneventful and postoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed no residual lesion. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of PVNS occurring in spondylolysis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: N/A.

title: XXXX , Diffuse Type/Pigmented @entity1362 in a Pars Defect: A Case Report.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity1362 :: ('MESH:D013586', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse type/pigmented villonodular synovitis']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['tenosynovial giant cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity2967 :: (MESH:D005870,Disease) :: ['Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity130 or the pathogenesis of some @entity16 is accompanied by inflammatory cellular mechanisms, mainly resulting from the activation of central nervous system (CNS) resident microglia. Under inflammatory conditions, microglia up-regulate the inducible isoform of @entity3623 (iNOS), leading to the production of high concentrations of the radical molecule @entity842 (NO). At the onset of @entity32 , high levels of microglial-derived NO may serve as a cellular defense mechanism helping to clear the damaged tissue and combat infection of the CNS by invading pathogens. However, the excessive overproduction of NO by activated microglia has been suggested to govern the @entity32 -mediated @entity528 causing eventually complete @entity179 . Here, we investigated how NO influences phagocytosis of @entity528 by BV-2 microglia, and how neurite outgrowth of @entity1 NT2 model neurons is affected by microglial-derived NO. The presence of NO greatly increased microglial phagocytic capacity in a model of acute @entity32 comprising lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia and apoptotic neurons. Chemical manipulations suggested that NO up-regulates phagocytosis independently of the sGC/ @entity6708 pathway. Using a transwell system, we showed that reactive microglia inhibit neurite outgrowth of @entity1 neurons via the generation of large amounts of NO over effective distances in the millimeter range. Application of a @entity3623 blocker prevented the LPS-induced NO production, totally reversed the inhibitory effect of microglia on neurite outgrowth, but reduced the engulfment of @entity528 . Our results indicate that a rather simple notion of treating excessive @entity32 in the CNS by NO synthesis blocking agents has to consider functionally antagonistic microglial cell responses during pharmaceutic therapy.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2015.

title: XXXX regulates antagonistically phagocytic and neurite outgrowth inhibiting capacities of microglia.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss', 'neuronal debris']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic injury']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric oxide']


abstract: @entity20866 ( @entity20866 ) is a rare clinicopathological entity typically observed in @entity1 of reproductive age. We report a case of @entity20866 with malignant change in a @entity1 . A 77-year-old @entity1 presented with a mass measuring 10 cm in diameter at the terminal ileum and numerous peritoneal small nodules that were revealed by abdominal computed tomography. Right hemicolectomy with lymph node dissection was performed. Macroscopically, a @entity5 of the terminal ileum consisted of aggregates of small nodular lesions with @entity730 and @entity39 . The wall of the ileum and colon was intact. Microscopically, some of the nodular lesions consisted of neoplastic growths of atypical spindle cells with cellular atypism and abnormal mitoses. A few of these lesions were completely surrounded by smooth muscle bundles. @entity548 and @entity39 were found within the @entity5 nodules. Immunohistochemically, the @entity5 cells were positive for @entity2277 , @entity2283 , muscle actin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, cytokeratin and @entity876 . The remaining nodular lesions, including small peritoneal lesions, were composed of hypocellular hyalinizing nodules. This case was thought to be @entity20866 with malignant change, although the pathogenesis was uncertain because the @entity5 cells were negative for @entity172 and @entity1420 receptors.

title: XXXX with malignant change in a @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity20866 :: ('MESH:D018231', 'Disease') :: ['LPD', 'Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'necroses']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

answer: @entity20866 :: (MESH:D018231,Disease) :: ['Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect and tolerance of oral mineralocorticoid antagonists, @entity14292 and/or @entity1482 , in recalcitrant @entity989 . METHODS: Retrospective consecutive observational case series. Primary outcome measures included central macular thickness (CMT,  m), macular volume (MV, mm(3)), Snellen visual acuity, and prior treatment failures. Secondary outcomes included duration of treatment, treatment dosage, and systemic side effects. RESULTS: A total of 120 @entity1 with @entity989 were reviewed, of which 29 @entity1 were treated with one or more mineralocorticoid antagonists. The average age of @entity1 was 58.4 years. Sixteen @entity1 (69.6%) were recalcitrant to other interventions prior to treatment with oral mineralocorticoid antagonists, with an average washout period of 15.3 months. The average duration of mineralocorticoid antagonist treatment was 3.9  2.3 months. Twelve @entity1 (52.2%) showed decreased CMT and MV, six @entity1 (26.1%) had increase in both, and five @entity1 (21.7%) had negligible changes. The mean decrease in CMT of all @entity1 was 42.4  m (range, -136 to 255  m): 100.7  m among treatment-na  ve @entity1 , and 16.9  m among recalcitrant @entity1 . The mean decrease in MV of all @entity1 was 0.20 mm(3) (range, -2.33 to 2.90 mm(3)): 0.6 mm(3) among treatment-na  ve @entity1 , and 0.0 mm(3) among recalcitrant @entity1 . Median visual acuity at the start of therapy was 20/30 (range, 20/20-20/250), and at final follow-up it was 20/40 (range, 20/20-20/125). Nine @entity1 (39.1%) experienced systemic side effects, of which three @entity1 (13.0%) were unable to continue therapy. CONCLUSION: Mineralocorticoid antagonist treatment had a positive treatment effect in half of our @entity1 . The decrease in CMT and MV was much less in the recalcitrant group compared to the treatment-na  ve group. An improvement in vision was seen only in the treatment-na  ve group. Systemic side effects, even at low doses, may limit its usage in some @entity1 .

title: Oral mineralocorticoid antagonists for recalcitrant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14292 :: ('MESH:C414690', 'Chemical') :: ['eplerenone']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['central serous chorioretinopathy']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['central serous chorioretinopathy']


abstract: 209 @entity1 being investigated for @entity249 who were diagnosed by culdoscopy as having minimal, moderate, or severe @entity46 in the 5-year period ending in June 1977 participated in this evaluation of conservative surgical management. 125 of the @entity1 were treated surgically by conservative excision of endometrial lesions, salpingo- and adnexo lysis and reconstructive tubal surgery when indicated. Ovarian suspension was employed in most cases to help restore optimal utero-ovarian relationships by plication of the ovarian ligament using A-O Vicril suture. Suppressive hormonal therapy was employed postoperatively only in @entity1 whose @entity46 was too severe to permit adequate excision and where early recurrence seemed probable. 84 @entity1 who had minimal disease not believed to affect their fertility or who refused surgery for a variety of reasons were not treated surgically. Among @entity1 treated surgically, 27 of 36 with minimal disease, 27 of 61 with moderate disease, and 8 of 28 with severe disease were known to have become pregnant within a follow-up of at least 2 years. Of the 63 pregnancies, 12 were known to have miscarried. The total did not include 4 @entity7207 . Among those not treated surgically, 34 of 61 with minimal disease, 2 of 14 with moderate disease, and 0 of 9 with severe disease became pregnant within a follow-up of at least 2 years following initial diagnosis. The non-treated group is not comparable as it is overweighted with @entity1 with minimal disease, and there was often another cause of @entity249 that made surgical intervention undesirable. 1 of 9 @entity1 with a moderate degree of @entity46 treated by suppressive ovulation became pregnant.

title: Conservative surgical treatment of @entity46 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity7207 :: ('MESH:D011274', 'Disease') :: ['tubal pregnancies']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity15787 ( @entity15787 ) is a cytokine produced predominantly by cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+) T-cells and natural killer T-cells. There exists evidence that @entity15787 is implicated in various immunological processes through its specific receptor ( @entity32077 ). However, the participation of @entity15787 in the pathogenesis of @entity5 is not fully conclusive. In the present study, we demonstrated that there was differential expression of @entity32077 in @entity0 cells using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting and sequence analysis. The expression of @entity32077 was stronger in MDA-231 cells, weaker in MCF7 but negative in ZR-75.1 cells. The invasion and migratory capacity of @entity32077 + @entity1865 -231 cells was enhanced by @entity15787 in a dose-dependent manner. After @entity32077 was knocked-down by siRNA gene silencing, the response of MDA-231 to treatment with @entity15787 was attenuated. We found that siRNA silencing of @entity32077 also spontaneously suppressed cell proliferation. However, @entity15787 had no additional effect on the proliferation of MDA-231 cells. We also found that @entity32077 was involved in signaling pathways of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), that are crucial for spreading and migration of metastatic MDA231 cells. In conclusion, we unveiled the roles of @entity32077 in @entity0 cells, which enhances our knowledge on immunological regulation of @entity5 cells through the axis of @entity15787 and its receptor.

title: @entity15787 and Its Receptor Play a Role in Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of XXXX Cells.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'solid tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: Tissue microarrays allow the simultaneous analysis of many @entity5 using small-diameter cores sampled from larger blocks of tissue, but may be limited by @entity5 heterogeneity. This study considers the validation of tissue microarray for the study of four molecules of interest as prognostic factors in @entity213 , including a consideration of methods for assessing immunocytochemical scoring of microarrays. Tissue microarray blocks were constructed from 100 cases of @entity213 , taking four cores from different areas of each @entity5 . Immunocytochemical labelling was performed for cutaneous @entity844 binding protein, @entity40330 , @entity7 and Ki-67. The extent and intensity of scoring was determined for each core and the degree of agreement determined for results from the assessment of two, three or four cores for each @entity189 . In a subset of 30 representative cases, the labelling in the tissue microarrays was compared with that in whole-tissue sections of the same @entity189 . An adequate sample of @entity189 was achieved in more than 90% of the 400 cores; unsuccessful results were attributed to uneven core alignment or to poor targeting of the @entity5 tissue in the donor blocks. The degree of agreement in the assessment of extent and intensity of labelling was moderate to good (weighted kappa, range 0.479-0.902) between whole-tissue sections and microarray sections depending on the antigen and the scoring system. Tissue microarray is a reliable tool to demonstrate cellular and molecular alterations in head and neck @entity957 . We recommend using the mean results from four cores for biological studies, with analysis of categorical data based on quartile groups. Concordance with whole-tissue section data is reassuring, but data from microarrays need to be validated against clinical outcomes.

title: Tissue microarray of @entity213 : validation of the methodology for the study of cutaneous @entity844 -binding protein, XXXX , @entity40330 and Ki-67.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous carcinoma']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1486 (PSA) blood test has become widely used in Canada to test for @entity263 ( @entity263 ), the most common @entity5 among Canadian @entity1 . Data suggest that population-based PSA screening may not improve overall survival. OBJECTIVES: This analysis aimed to review existing economic evaluations of population-based PSA screening, determine current spending on opportunistic PSA screening in Ontario, and estimate the cost of introducing a population-based PSA screening program in the province. METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed to identify economic evaluations of population-based PSA screening strategies published from 1998 to 2013. Studies were assessed for their methodological quality and applicability to the Ontario setting. An original cost analysis was also performed, using data from Ontario administrative sources and from the published literature. One-year costs were estimated for 4 strategies: no screening, current (opportunistic) screening of @entity1 aged 40 years and older, current (opportunistic) screening of @entity1 aged 50 to 74 years, and population-based screening of @entity1 aged 50 to 74 years. The analysis was conducted from the payer perspective. RESULTS: The literature review demonstrated that, overall, population-based PSA screening is costly and cost-ineffective but may be cost-effective in specific populations. Only 1 Canadian study, published 15 years ago, was identified. Approximately  119.2 million is being spent annually on PSA screening of @entity1 aged 40 years and older in Ontario, including close to  22 million to screen @entity1 younger than 50 and older than 74 years of age (i.e., outside the target age range for a population-based program). A population-based screening program in Ontario would cost approximately  149.4 million in the first year. LIMITATIONS: Estimates were based on the synthesis of data from a variety of sources, requiring several assumptions and causing uncertainty in the results. For example, where Ontario-specific data were unavailable, data from the United States were used. CONCLUSIONS: PSA screening is associated with significant costs to the health care system when the cost of the PSA test itself is considered in addition to the costs of diagnosis, staging, and treatment of screen-detected PCs.

title: XXXX (PSA)-Based Population Screening for @entity263 : An Economic Analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['Prostate-Specific Antigen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2316 is one of the major microvascular complications of @entity6 . We investigated the association between urinary @entity7379 (usmad3) levels, glomerular hyperfiltration, and the development of @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: The usmad3 level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 245 well-characterised @entity1 with @entity6 and 82 healthy control subjects. The associations of the usmad3 level with glomerular hyperfiltration, @entity413 and lipid profiles, and renal function were evaluated. RESULTS: The usmad3 level was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity6 than in the control group. The level in the hyperfiltration group was higher than that in the normofiltering group, regardless of whether @entity1 were in the normoalbuminuric or the @entity644 groups. Pearson's correlation analysis suggested that the usmad3 level was significantly correlated with age, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma @entity413 , insulin, C-peptide, glycated haemoglobin, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). A multiple linear stepwise regression analysis revealed that usmad3 levels in @entity1 with @entity6 and an eGFR >= 90  ml/min/1.73  m(2) were independently and positively correlated with eGFR, whereas in @entity1 with @entity6 and eGFR <90  ml/min/1.73  m(2), the levels were independently and negatively correlated with eGFR. CONCLUSIONS: The usmad3 level was significantly correlated with biphasic changes in the GFR (both glomerular hyperfiltration and reduced eGFR) in @entity1 with @entity6 . Usmad3 may serve as a novel marker for hyperfiltration and for screening @entity1 with @entity6 for @entity8 .

title: Increased urinary @entity7379 is significantly correlated with glomerular hyperfiltration and a reduced glomerular filtration rate and is a new urinary biomarker for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the most cost-effectiveness strategy for preventing variceal growth and @entity548 in @entity1 with @entity82 and small esophageal varices. METHODS: A stochastic analysis based on decision trees was performed to compare the cost-effectiveness of beta-blockers therapy starting from a diagnosis of small varices (Strategy 1) with that of endoscopic surveillance followed by beta-blockers treatment when large varices are demonstrated (Strategy 2), for preventing variceal growth, @entity548 and @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity82 and small esophageal varices. The basic nodes of the tree were @entity344 , inpatient admission and treatment for @entity548 , as required. All estimates were performed using a Monte Carlo microsimulation technique, consisting in simulating observations from known probability distributions depicted in the model. Eight-hundred-thousand simulations were performed to obtain the final estimates. All estimates were then subjected to Monte Carlo Probabilistic sensitivity analysis, to assess the impact of the variability of such estimates on the outcome distributions. RESULTS: The event rate (considered as progression of varices or @entity548 or @entity204 ) in Strategy 1 [24.09% (95%CI: 14.89%-33.29%)] was significantly lower than in Strategy 2 [60.00% (95%CI: 48.91%-71.08%)]. The mean cost (up to the first event) associated with Strategy 1 [823    (95%CI: 106   -2036   )] was not significantly different from that of Strategy 2 [799    (95%CI: 0   -3498   )]. The cost-effectiveness ratio with respect to this endpoint was equal to 50.26    (95%CI: -504.37   -604.89   ) per event avoided over the four-year follow-up. When @entity548 episodes/deaths in subjects whose varices had grown were included, the mean cost associated with Strategy 1 was 1028    (95%CI: 122   -2581   ), while 1699    (95%CI: 171   -4674   ) in Strategy 2. CONCLUSION: Beta-blocker therapy turn out to be more effective and less expensive than endoscopic surveillance for primary prophylaxis of @entity548 in @entity1 with @entity82 and small varices.

title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of beta-blockers vs endoscopic surveillance in XXXX with @entity82 and small varices.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Gram-negative bacteria use a variety of virulence factors including phytotoxins, exopolysaccharides, effectors secreted by the type III secretion system, and cell-wall-degrading enzymes to promote @entity4801 in plants. However, little is known about how these virulence factors alter plant cellular responses to promote disease. In this study, we show that virulent @entity3437 strains activate the transcription of an @entity958 ethylene response factor (ERF) gene, @entity62841 , in a @entity46699 insensitive 1 ( @entity26866 )-dependent manner. A highly sensitive @entity62841 promoter-firefly luciferase ( @entity62841 -LUC) reporter line was developed to monitor activities of various bacterial virulence genes. Analyses of @entity14348 mutants indicated that both type III secretion system and the phytotoxin @entity46699 are required for @entity62841 induction. We show that at least five individual type III effectors, avirulence B (AvrB), AvrRpt2, AvrPphB, HopPtoK, and AvrPphEPto, contributed to @entity62841 induction. Gene-for-gene recognition was not involved in @entity62841 induction because plants lacking RPM1 and RPS2 responded normally to AvrB and AvrRpt2 in @entity62841 expression. Interestingly, the role of @entity46699 in @entity62841 induction can be partially substituted by the addition of avrB in @entity14348 , suggesting that AvrB may mimic @entity46699 . These results suggest that @entity3437 type III effectors and @entity46699 act by augmenting a @entity26866 -dependent pathway to promote @entity4801 .

title: Activation of a @entity26866 -dependent pathway in @entity958 by @entity3437 type III effectors and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity46699 :: ('MESH:C058487', 'Chemical') :: ['coronatine']

entities_list: @entity3437 :: ('317', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas syringae', 'P. syringae']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitism']

answer: @entity46699 :: (MESH:C058487,Chemical) :: ['coronatine']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To analyze the associations between educational attainment and major @entity65 risk factors in the Murcia Region (Southern Spain). DESIGN: During 1992 we conducted a survey by interview, with multi-stage random sampling, representative of the general adult population. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and trends by logistic regression as a measure of the association between educational levels and cardiovascular risk factors, taking the university level as the reference category. @entity1 : A total of 1514 @entity1 and 1577 @entity1 aged between 18 and 65 years was included in the study. Rate of response to the questionnaire was 61%. Seventy-eight percent of the respondents provided a blood sample. A telephone survey on a representative sample of non-respondents (n = 347), showed no statistical differences in the level of studies. MEASUREMENTS: We asked for educational level (highest schooling qualification completed), and according to the WHO MONICA protocol we measured: blood pressure, cigarette smoking, height, weight and total @entity165 , @entity1674 and HDL- @entity165 . We also obtained the leisure-time physical activity by a validated questionnaire. MAIN RESULTS: In a context of a low level of schooling, mainly among the older age groups, the prevalence of risk factors except smoking in @entity1 is higher in the lower educational levels. Systolic blood pressure tends slightly to increase as schooling level decreases (both genders, p<0.02). Conversely, serum total @entity165 and @entity1674 decrease with higher level of schooling in @entity1 . The high levels of HDL- @entity165 observed in all educational groups show no trend in both genders. Arterial @entity101 in @entity1 and @entity1 and overweight in @entity1 tend to decrease with higher educational attainment. Moreover, higher level of education is associated with vigorous physical exercise in both genders and cigarette smoking in @entity1 . We observed the strongest significant magnitude association in nonschooling with @entity101 in @entity1 (OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.89), in @entity1 (OR: 2.39; 95% CI: 1.05, 5.44), and with overweight in @entity1 (OR: 3.22; 95% CI: 1.97, 5.27), meaning that compared to @entity1 at the university level, @entity1 without schooling showed two to three times higher prevalence of @entity101 and overweight (only @entity1 ). Also non-schooling obtained the lowest significant association with protective physical exercise for @entity301 in @entity1 (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.56) and in @entity1 (OR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.62) pointing out that @entity1 at the university level of education had three times the prevalence of vigorous physical activity than their non schoolarized counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: After adjusting for environmental factors, in our adult general population, educational attainment is inversely associated with arterial @entity101 in both genders and with overweight in @entity1 , and directly associated with cigarette smoking in @entity1 and with leisure-time physical activity in both genders.

title: XXXX factors and educational attainment in Southern Spain: a study of a random sample of 3091 adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular risk']


abstract: Immunological functions of @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) have long been recognized. In this study we aimed to efficiently purify @entity2285 from @entity1358 and test it as a @entity5 antigen for pulsing dendritic cells in vitro. @entity2285 was purified from @entity1358 specimens by serial column chromatography on Con A-sepharose, PD-10, @entity857 -agarose and @entity8851 -cellulose, and finally subjected to fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). Dendritic cells derived from the adherent fraction of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured in the presence of @entity3646 and @entity2841 and exposed to @entity5 @entity2285 . After 24 hours, dendritic cells were phenotypically characterized by flow cytometry. T cells obtained from the non-adherent fraction of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were then co-cultured with @entity2285 -pulsed dendritic cells and after 3 days T cell cytotoxicity towards primary cultured @entity1358 cells was examined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Dendritic cells pulsed in vitro with @entity5 -derived @entity2285 expressed higher levels of @entity8730 , @entity7938 , @entity2937 and HLA-DR maturation markers than those pulsed with @entity5 cell lysate and comparable to that of dendritic cells pulsed with @entity5 cell lysate plus @entity310 . Concomitantly, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes induced by @entity2285 -pulsed dendritic cells presented the highest cytotoxic activity. There were no significant differences when using homologous or autologous @entity2285 as the @entity5 antigen. @entity2285 can be efficiently purified by chromatography and induces in vitro dendritic cell maturation in the absence of @entity310 . Conspecific @entity2285 may effectively be used as a @entity5 antigen to pulse dendritic cells in vitro.

title: Heat-shock protein 70 as a XXXX antigen for in vitro dendritic cell pulsing in @entity1358 cases.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']