abstract: AIM: To investigate the risk of @entity600 for @entity28 @entity1 (BMI > or = 30) compared with @entity1 of average prepregnancy weight. METHODS: We performed a prospective, population-based case-control study of 20,248 newborn born in the city of Mainz. A total of 1,451 @entity1 (cases) with and 8,088 without @entity600 (controls) were analysed. The relative risks of associations between @entity28 and @entity600 were calculated as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity600 in @entity1 of @entity28 mothers is 11.1% and thus approximately 4% higher than those of the total study population. There is a significant odds ratio for major @entity600 (OR 1.3; KI 1.0-1.7). Statistically significant associations were @entity735 (OR 5.0; 1.3-20.0) and for orofacial clefts (OR 1.7; 1.1-2.8). Among the specific @entity600 the highest associations occurred for @entity3976 (OR 7.3; 1.1-50.6), common truncus arteriosus (OR 6.3; 1.6-24.8) and Potter sequence (OR 6.3; 1.6-24.8). Adjustment for confounding factors (e.g. @entity6 and age) did not change the odds ratios. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that @entity28 mothers are at an increased risk for @entity600 . An adequate prenatal examination of these pregnancies should include ultrasound screening by specially trained ultrasonographers in tertiary units (DEGUM II/DEGUM III) and serum @entity160 measurements. Public health campaigns for prevention are advised.

title: [Does maternal XXXX increase the risk of fetal abnormalities? Analysis of 20,248 newborn @entity1 of the Mainz Birth Register for detecting congenital abnormalities].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['encephalocele']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['newborn of obese', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['maternal diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['calculated for malformations of the internal urogenital system (OR 1.7; 1.1-2.8), the eyes']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 is the fourth leading gynaecological malignancy, accounting for approximately 4  % of all gynaecological @entity5 . Surgery represents the treatment of choice, and cases of advanced or recurrent @entity5 are to date a major challenge to multidisciplinary teams. Abdominoperineal excision (APE) in combination with vulvectomy and inguinal lymphadenectomy is the only curative treatment option. @entity1 ' files of all @entity1 with @entity957 who underwent abdominoperineal resection were retrospectively reviewed with special regards to technical challenges the general surgeon will face. Seven @entity1 were enrolled in this retrospective study with a median age of 71  years (range 56-79  years). In six @entity1 , the pelvic floor after abdominoperineal excision could be closed by direct suture of the levator muscles. One @entity1 underwent abdominoperineal resection with closure of the defect using a vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous (VRAM) flap. All @entity1 underwent radical vulvectomy, in five @entity1 in combination with bilateral inguinal lymph node dissection. Operation time was 377  min (range 130-505  min). The median overall survival after surgery was 27  months (range 4-84  months), with a calculated 5-year survival rate of 42  %. @entity1 with negative lymph nodes revealed a longer survival time after surgery compared to @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 (15.5 vs. 72  months; p   =   0.09). Abdominoperineal excisions represent a powerful tool in the multidisciplinary treatment regimen of advanced or recurrent @entity5 . Reconstruction of the pelvic floor usually does not require myocutaneous flaps, even when facing large @entity5 . Despite high complication rates, radical surgery was a feasible treatment with long-term survival potential without mortality.

title: Abdominoperineal Excisions in the Treatment Regimen for Advanced and Recurrent XXXX -Analysis of a Single-Centre Experience.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar cancer', 'cancers', 'tumours', 'Vulva cancer', 'vulvar cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'woman', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Vulvar Cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The decision to choose surgical cytoreduction in @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity43 may be influenced by their age. We compared perioperative morbidity and mortality of octogenarians compared with younger @entity1 undergoing surgical cytoreduction. METHODS: A retrospective chart review identified @entity1 who underwent primary surgical cytoreduction for @entity43 between January 2005 and December 2009. @entity1 were divided into 2 cohorts: younger than 80 years and 80 years or older (octogenarian). @entity1 demographics, surgical procedures, 30-day readmission, length of stay, 30-day mortality rates, and chemotherapy administration were examined. Student t test and    test were used to evaluate statistical significance. RESULTS: Three hundred eighty-four @entity1 who underwent surgical cytoreduction for @entity43 were identified. Three hundred fifty-two @entity1 (91.7%) were younger than 80 years, whereas 32 @entity1 (8.3%) were 80 years or older. Two hundred thirty-six @entity1 (67.0%) in the younger cohort had optimal cytoreduction (<1 cm) compared with 17 @entity1 (53.1%) in the older cohort (P = 0.12). Thirty-day readmission rates and @entity260 were similar. More @entity1 in the older cohort required preoperative admission for medical clearance (P < 0.01). Mean length of stay was significantly longer in the older cohort (10.0 vs 7.5; P = 0.02). The number of @entity1 who received adjuvant chemotherapy was significantly lower in the older cohort (71.9% vs 93.8%; P < 0.01). The 30-day mortality rate was significantly higher in the older cohort (18.8% vs 4.0%; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Although octogenarians with @entity43 have similar surgical complication rates as their younger counterparts, they require more medical clearance and have a longer hospital stay. Older @entity1 are less likely to undergo chemotherapy and have a higher 30-day mortality rate than are younger @entity1 .

title: Perioperative morbidity and mortality in octogenarians with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The coxsackie and adenovirus receptor ( @entity9698 ) and the @entity9819 ( @entity9819 ) are receptors for coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), which is known as the major cause of @entity1 @entity2401 . We investigated the potential for therapeutic use of soluble virus receptor fusion proteins. METHODS: We designed and generated a novel virus receptor trap ( @entity9698 -hDAF:Fc) consisting of both CVB3 receptors and the Fc portion of human @entity6527 and evaluated its antiviral effects in experimental CVB3 @entity2401 . RESULTS: Among four soluble virus receptor fusion proteins ( @entity9698 :Fc, hDAF:Fc, @entity9698 -hDAF:Fc and hDAF- @entity9698 :Fc), @entity9698 :Fc and @entity9698 -hDAF:Fc in the supernatant of transfected cells neutralized echovirus, adenovirus, and various serotypes of CVB in a dose-dependent manner. Both soluble viral receptor proteins bound to the VP0 and VP1 capsid proteins of CVB3. The in vivo efficacy of viral receptor proteins was evaluated by intramuscular injection of plasmid ( @entity9698 :Fc or @entity9698 -hDAF:Fc) followed by electroporation in a @entity19 model of CVB3 @entity2401 . Serum levels of the virus receptor proteins increased relative to baseline values from day 3 and peaked on day 14 at 12.9-fold for @entity9698 :Fc and 7.1-fold for @entity9698 -hDAF:Fc. The 3-week survival rate was significantly higher in @entity9698 -hDAF:Fc-treated @entity19 (61%) than in @entity9698 :Fc-treated @entity19 (29%) and in controls (15%; p<0.05). @entity296 , @entity82 , and myocardial virus titers were all significantly reduced in the @entity9698 :Fc and @entity9698 -hDAF:Fc groups compared to the controls. CONCLUSION: Our soluble virus receptor trap, @entity9698 -hDAF:Fc, attenuated @entity1800 , @entity296 , and @entity82 , resulting in higher survival rates in @entity19 with @entity2401 . Furthermore, it consists exclusively of @entity1 components, and we demonstrated that this soluble virus receptor trap may be used as a potential candidate for a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of acute @entity2401 during the viremic phase.

title: Virus receptor trap neutralizes coxsackievirus in experimental @entity19 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial inflammation', 'myocardial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity9819 :: ('1604', 'Gene') :: ['DAF', 'decay-accelerating factor']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['coxsackieviral myocarditis', 'viral myocarditis', 'myocarditis']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['viral myocarditis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: African American @entity1 continue to have the highest prevalence of @entity28 in the United States and in the state of Maryland they are disproportionately affected by overweight and @entity28 . There are many contributing factors including chronic stress and the use of health behaviors such as physical exercise that play a role in increased weight for African American @entity1 . We examined the relationship of stress to weight and the role of physical exercise in African American paraprofessional @entity1 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional study SETTING: African American paraprofessionals were asked about their perspectives regarding association with chronic stress and physical exercise. RESULTS: The three most salient stressors for the @entity1 were finances (33%), work (28%) and family/friends (19%). Ninety percent of the @entity1 were overweight or @entity28 . Significant predictors of increased BMI were lack of physical exercise (P = .004) and health compared to others (P = .006). Ethnic discrimination was a form of chronic stress (r = .319) but was not correlated with BMI (r = .095). Decreased physical exercise (P = .02) mediated the relationship between chronic stress and BMI. CONCLUSION: Findings regarding finance and work stress suggest the need for employers to consider the impact of job strain when implementing employee health programs to decrease stress and improve health. A focus on decreased physical exercise, unhealthy eating habits and misperceptions regarding increased risk for @entity28 related diseases with health status may be helpful to include in intervention strategies to decrease @entity28 for this population.

title: Chronic stress and decreased physical exercise: impact on weight for African American XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Signals from the transforming growth factor beta family members are transmitted in the cell through specific receptor-activated Smads and a common partner @entity44923 . Two @entity44923 genes (alpha and beta/10, or @entity44923 and @entity44924 ) have been isolated from @entity1238 , and conflicting data are reported for @entity44924 /10 actions in mesodermal and neural induction. To further understand the functions of the @entity44923 s in early frog development, we analyzed their activities in detail. We report that @entity44924 is a mutant form of @entity44924 that harbors a missense mutation of a conserved @entity369 to @entity3793 in the MH1 domain. The mutation results in enhanced association of @entity44924 with the nuclear transcription corepressor @entity44925 and leads to its neural inducing activity through inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. In contrast to @entity44924 , both @entity44923 and @entity44924 enhanced BMP signals in ectodermal explants. Using antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) to knockdown endogenous @entity44923 protein levels, we discovered that @entity44924 was required for both activin- and BMP-mediated mesodermal induction in animal caps, whereas @entity44923 affected only the BMP signals. Neither @entity44923 was involved directly in neural induction. Expression of @entity44924 -MO in early frog embryos resulted in reduction of mesodermal markers and defects in @entity2383 , which were rescued by either @entity44923 or @entity44924 . @entity44923 -MO induced only @entity2048 at late stages. As @entity44924 , but not @entity44923 , is expressed at high levels maternally and during early gastrulation, our data suggest that although @entity44923 and @entity44924 may have similar activities, they are differentially utilized during frog embryogenesis, with only @entity44924 being essential for mesoderm induction.

title: Function of the two @entity1238 XXXX s in early frog development.

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['minor deficiency']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['axial structures']

answer: @entity44923 :: (780764(Tax:8355),Gene) :: ['smad4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Painful @entity3949 remains a difficult pathologic condition to manage effectively despite numerous pharmacologic interventions. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was undertaken to determine whether topical 5% @entity3652 cream is effective in reducing the @entity158 of @entity3949 . METHODS: Seventeen @entity6 @entity1 completed the study. The Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument was used to determine whether the @entity16 was likely caused by the @entity6 . Hemoglobin A(1c) levels were measured before treatment. @entity1 applied 1 mL of either @entity3652 cream or placebo cream for 1 month. The intensity of seven different @entity158 characteristics was evaluated before and after treatment. A two-way repeated analysis of variance design was used to test for differences between treatments and within @entity1 (time). RESULTS: We found no significant treatment main effect, but @entity158 improved significantly over time in both groups. There was no statistical interaction effect (treatment   time) in any of the @entity158 characteristics, indicating that @entity158 improved in the two treatment groups similarly with time. CONCLUSIONS: The 5% topical @entity3652 cream was no more effective than was placebo in relieving @entity158 caused by @entity3949 .

title: Topical XXXX cream in the treatment of @entity3949 : a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind initial study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic condition', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['ketamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Analysis of the Swedish Farmacotherapy (Swefot) trial at 12 months showed that the addition of an anti- @entity5 - @entity39 -factor agent gave an improved clinical outcome compared with the addition of conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in @entity1 with @entity1499 -refractory early @entity309 . Here we report the 2 year follow-up assessment. METHODS: In this randomised, non-blinded, parallel-group trial, we enrolled adult @entity1 older than 18 years with @entity309 and a symptom duration of less than 1 year from 15 rheumatology units in Sweden between December, 2002 and December, 2006. All @entity1 were started on @entity1499 . After 3-4 months, those who failed treatment were randomly assigned (1:1) to group A (conventional treatment; additional @entity3378 and @entity6383 ) or group B (biological treatment; additional infliximab). Randomisation was done with a computer-generated sequence. We analysed clinical outcomes at months 18 and 24 by the response criteria of the American College of Rheumatology and the European League Against @entity627 , and radiographs of @entity1 ' hands and feet at months 12 and 24 using the Van der Heijde modification of the Sharp score. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered with www.ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00764725. FINDINGS: Of 493 screened individuals, we enrolled 487, of whom 258 were randomly allocated to treatment. The proportion of @entity1 in group B who received a EULAR-defined good response was non-significantly greater than it was in group A at 18 months (49 of 128 [38%] vs 38 of 130 [29%]) and at 24 months (49 of 128 [38%] vs 40 of 130 [31%]; p=0  204). After 24 months, radiological disease progression was greater in @entity1 in group A than it was in those in group B (mean 7  23 [SD 12  72] vs 4  00 [10  0]; p=0  009). We recorded three serious adverse events: an extended @entity221 in group A, an extended febrile episode in group B, and a @entity221 in group B. INTERPRETATION: Additional biological treatment is a valid option for @entity1 who fail initial @entity1499 treatment. However, improved clinical outcomes after 12 months and better radiographical results after 24 months should be weighed against the absence of a convincing clinical difference at 24 months and substantially higher costs. Therefore, for many @entity1 who fail initial @entity1499 treatment, add-on treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs is an appropriate treatment option. FUNDING: Swedish @entity627 Association, Stockholm County, and Schering-Plough/Merck Sharp and Dohme.

title: Conventional combination treatment versus biological treatment in @entity1499 -refractory early XXXX : 2 year follow-up of the randomised, non-blinded, parallel-group Swefot trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity6383 :: ('MESH:D006886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxychloroquine']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfasalazine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['generalised illness']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of @entity146 in Mexico is 26.1%. This shows that an important percentage of the population suffers from @entity717 . Despite this the country's healthcare system does not provide the least acceptable standard of care for the mentally disabled. AIMS: The aim of this study was to describe the general population's social representations of the disabled and analyze their relationship with the discriminatory practices from the state towards the mentally ill with respect to their right to health. METHODS: This study was a secondary analysis of the First National Survey on Discrimination in Mexico. In the survey 1,437 effective interviews that comprised a representative sample, were obtained from @entity1 aged 18 to 60 living in rural and urban settings. The response rate was 76.5%. The assessment tool was a self-administered questionnaire that yielded perceptions, attitudes, values and social representations about discrimination towards groups of @entity1 that supposedly were targets of discrimination by the general population. In the survey the mentally ill were included under disability. As a secondary analysis of the survey for the purpose of this study, we selected a subset of questions that provided important information about social representations of the general Mexican population towards @entity1 with disabilities. The general population's social representations of the disabled were analyzed. RESULTS: The disabled are the second group after the elderly perceived as the most discriminated and neglected and bearing more suffering. A whole set of negative representations concerning the disabled, such as lack of acceptance and respect, low self-confidence, mistreatment, incomprehension, isolation, intolerance, indifference and bad attitudes from others, were elicited. CONCLUSIONS: Social representations are social correspondents of the discriminatory practices that the state exerts toward the mentally ill with respect to their right to health. These representations serve to maintain, naturalize and legitimize these practices. All sectors of society should make an effort to change the negative social representations towards this vulnerable section of society.

title: XXXX and discriminatory practices: effects of social representations of the Mexican population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'people']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['mental disability']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['Mental disability']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of conventional endorectal prostate MRI in @entity1 with initial suspicion of @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ethics board approval was received for this retrospective study of 87 @entity1 who underwent 1.5-Tesla conventional prostate MRI with a combination of endorectal and body phased-array coils for suspected @entity263 before their first systematic 12-core TRUS-guided biopsy. Three radiologists independently analyzed the images, dividing the prostate into 12 regions corresponding to the biopsy scheme and scoring each region for the presence of @entity263 on a 5-point scale. Results were analyzed by prostate region. ROC analysis was done and descriptive statistics were calculated. The negative predictive value, specificity, sensitivity and positive predictive value were calculated using dichotomized scores (benign tissue = scores of 1 and 2; malignant tissues = scores of 3, 4, and 5). RESULTS: Biopsy revealed @entity5 in 47/87 @entity1 (26 low-grade [Gleason score 6]; 21 high-grade [Gleason score >=  3 + 4]), and 184/1044 cores (77 low-grade and 107 high-grade) with a median of 3 positive cores per @entity5 @entity1 (range 1 - 12). The areas under ROC curves were 0.65 - 0.67 for @entity5 detection by region overall and 0.75 - 0.76 for the detection of high-grade @entity5 by region. Statistic figures for the detection of all @entity5 /high-grade @entity5 by region were as follows: negative predictive value, 87.4 - 88.2 %/92.6 - 93.1 %; specificity, 72.3 - 79.4 %/71.5 - 79.8 %; sensitivity, 49.5 - 54.8 %/62.6 - 69.2 %; and positive predictive value, 29.3 - 34.0 %/29.4 - 34.7 %. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with suspected @entity263 , negative MRI findings indicate the absence of high-grade @entity263 on subsequent TRUS-guided 12-core biopsy with high probability. However, agreement between conventional 1.5-T endorectal prostate MRI and systematic 12-core TRUS-guided biopsy for the detection of @entity263 appears to be moderate.

title: Role of endorectal prostate MRI in XXXX with initial suspicion of @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Cell survival during freezing applications in biomedicine is highly correlated to the temperature history and its dependent cellular biophysical events of @entity2700 and intracellular ice formation (IIF). Although cell membranes are known to play a significant role in cell injury, a clear correlation between the membrane state and the surrounding intracellular and extracellular water is still lacking. We previously showed that lipid hydration in LNCaP @entity5 cells is related to cellular @entity2700 . The goal of this study is to build upon this work by correlating both the phase state of the membrane and the surrounding water to cellular biophysical events in three different @entity1 cell types: @entity1 @entity263 cells (LNCaP), @entity1 dermal fibroblasts (HDF), and porcine smooth muscle cells (SMC) using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Variable cooling rates were achieved by controlling the degree of supercooling prior to ice nucleation (-3 degrees C and -10 degrees C) while the sample was cooled at a set rate of 2 degrees C/min. Membranes displayed a highly cooperative phase transition under dehydrating conditions (i.e. NT=-3 degrees C), which was not observed under IIF conditions (NT=-10 degrees C). Spectral analysis showed a consistently greater amount of ice formation during dehydrating vs. IIF conditions in all cell types. This is hypothesized to be due to the extreme loss of membrane hydration in dehydrating cells that is manifested as excess water available for phase change. Interestingly, changes in residual membrane conformational disorder correlate strongly with cellular volumetric decreases as assessed by cryomicroscopy. A strong correlation was also found between the activation energies for freezing induced lyotropic membrane phase change determined using FTIR and the water transport measured by cryomicroscopy. Reduced lipid hydration under @entity2700 freezing conditions is suggested as one of the likely causes of what has been termed as "solution effects" injury in cryobiology.

title: Membrane hydration correlates to cellular biophysics during freezing in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate tumor']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on @entity3327 in @entity1 and analyze the etiology, pathophysiological mechanism, diagnostic tests, treatment and complications. METHODS: The literature is reviewed and an additional case of posttraumatic @entity3327 in an 11 year-old @entity1 treated at our hospital is presented. RESULTS: 24 cases of @entity3327 in @entity1 were found; 18 had a history of genitoperineal @entity130 , 5 had @entity3458 and one @entity1 had @entity2314 . Diagnosis was based on @entity1 history, intracavernous blood gases and echo doppler findings. Fourteen @entity1 with posttraumatic @entity3327 , one @entity1 with @entity3458 and the @entity1 with @entity2314 were treated by pudendal arteriography with embolization. The immediate results and erectile function were good. CONCLUSIONS: Genitoperineal @entity130 is the most common cause of @entity3327 in @entity1 . High flow must be considered in @entity1 with @entity3458 and @entity3327 that do not respond to conventional treatment. Pudendal arteriography with embolization is the treatment of choice. Erectile function is recovered after treatment.

title: [High-flow XXXX in the pediatric age: review].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'boy', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell anemia', 'sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity3327 :: ('MESH:D011317', 'Disease') :: ['arterial priapism', 'priapism', 'high flow priapism']

entities_list: @entity2314 :: ('MESH:D000795', 'Disease') :: ["Fabry's disease"]

answer: @entity3327 :: (MESH:D011317,Disease) :: ['priapism']


abstract: Survival analysis is a set of methods used for analysis of the data which exist until the occurrence of an event. This study aimed to compare the results of the use of the semi-parametric @entity797 model with parametric models to determine the factors influencing the length of stay of @entity1 in the inpatient units of @entity1 Hospital in Tehran, Iran. In this historical cohort study all 3421 charts of the @entity1 admitted to Obstetrics, Surgery and Oncology units in 2008 were reviewed and the required @entity1 data such as medical insurance coverage types, admission months, days and times, inpatient units, final diagnoses, the number of diagnostic tests, admission types were collected. The @entity1 length of stay in hospital 'leading to recovery' was considered as a survival variable. To compare the semi-parametric @entity797 model and parametric (including exponential, Weibull, Gompertz, log-normal, log-logistic and gamma) models and find the best model fitted to studied data, @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and @entity797 -Snell residual were used. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. @entity195 and @entity797 -Snell residual graph showed that the gamma model had the lowest @entity195 (4288.598) and the closest graph to the bisector. The results of the gamma model showed that factors affecting the @entity1 length of stay were admission day, inpatient unit, related physician specialty, emergent admission, final diagnosis and the number of laboratory tests, radiographies and sonographies (P<0.05). The results showed that the gamma model provided a better fit to the studied data than the @entity797 proportional hazards model. Therefore, it is better for researchers of healthcare field to consider this model in their researches about the @entity1 length of stay (LOS) if the assumption of proportional hazards is not fulfilled.

title: Comparison of the results of XXXX proportional hazards model and parametric models in the study of length of stay in a tertiary teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AIC', "Akaike's Information Criterion"]

answer: @entity797 :: (1351,Gene) :: ['Cox']


abstract: A large number of biologically active substances have been identified and characterised in the respiratory tract of several mammals. These substances ( @entity4478 and peptides) exert important regulatory influences on respiratory functions, and they act as neurotransmitters/neuromodulators, both being released from nerve terminals as neuroendocrine cells. However, these substances can also have other effects which suggest a paracrine action. Thus, to understand the role of @entity4478 and peptides in the lung, it is important to explore their localisation in different species. By using immunocytochemical staining methods we have studied the morphology and distribution of @entity750 -, Substance P-, neuropeptide Y- and @entity9620 -like immunoreactivity in the adult @entity19 lung. Moreover a pretreatment with @entity3812 , @entity4927 and @entity2476 as staining enlargement method was made. A widespread distribution of isolated endocrine cells and neuro-epithelial bodies containing 5HT-like immunoreactivity was recorded within the lung. NPY-like immunoreactive nerve fibres were localised in the airway smooth muscle and surrounding the blood vessels. @entity9620 -like immunoreactivity was revealed in single cells as well as in some nerve fibres and ganglia around the blood vessels and in the bronchial smooth muscle. SP-like IR was observed in nerve fibres located in the smooth muscle of the airways, surrounding bronchi and bronchioli but not next to the intrapulmonary blood vessels. Their localisation both in cells and nerve fibres of the respiratory system suggests that they play a role in the regulatory function of the @entity19 respiratory tract, exerting their influence by endocrine, paracrine, neurosecretory pathways or a combination of all of these.

title: Presence and distribution of XXXX -, @entity9620 -, NPY-, and SP-immunoreactive structures in adult @entity19 lung.

entities_list: @entity4927 :: ('MESH:D010293', 'Chemical') :: ['pargyline']

entities_list: @entity2476 :: ('CHEBI:28171', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptophan']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['5HT']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether longitudinal left ventricular systolic function measured by Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) after exercise can identify early left @entity67 in asymptomatic @entity1 with moderate-severe @entity472 . DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Outpatient cardiology departments. @entity1 : 20 @entity1 with @entity472 , with or without equivocal symptoms, a peak aortic valve velocity > or =3 m/s, and left ventricular ejection fraction >50% and 15 aged-matched normal controls. INTERVENTIONS: Echocardiogram performed at rest and immediately after treadmill exercise. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The peak systolic velocity of the lateral mitral annulus (S') by DTI at rest and immediately after exercise, exercise capacity, exercise systolic blood pressure and the plasma level of @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ). RESULTS: For @entity1 with @entity472 , mean (SD) aortic valve area was 0.95 (0.3) cm(2). At rest, S' was similar for @entity1 with @entity472 and controls, respectively (8.5 (1.5) vs 9.1 (1.8) cm/s, p = 0.15). However, after exercise, S' (12.2 (3.2) vs 17 (2.8) cm/s, p<0.001) and the increase in S' between rest and exercise (4 (3) vs 7.9 (1.5) cm/s, p<0.001) were lower in @entity1 with @entity472 . In @entity1 with @entity472 , a smaller increase in S' after exercise was associated with lower exercise capacity (r = 0.5, p = 0.02), a smaller increase in exercise systolic blood pressure (r = 0.6, p = 0.005) and higher plasma level of @entity3876 (r = 0.66, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: In asymptomatic @entity1 with moderate-severe @entity472 a lower than normal increase in peak systolic mitral annular velocity after treadmill exercise is a marker of early @entity1002 .

title: Longitudinal left ventricular contractile dysfunction after exercise in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'B-type natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A double-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent galactomannan assay has been approved for surveillance for @entity3 in immunocompromised @entity1 . We undertook a meta-analysis to assess the accuracy of a galactomannan assay for diagnosing @entity3 . METHODS: Studies of the galactomannan assay that used the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 or similar criteria as a reference standard and provided data to calculate sensitivity and specificity were included. Pooled sensitivity and specificity and summary measures of accuracy, Q* (the upper left-most point on the summary receiver-operating characteristic curve), mean D (a log odds ratio), and Youden index were calculated. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore heterogeneity. RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies from 1966 to 28 February 2005 were included. Overall, the galactomannan assay had a sensitivity of 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68-0.74) and specificity of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.88-0.90) for proven cases of @entity3 . The Youden index, mean D, and Q* were 0.54 (95% CI, 0.41-0.65), 2.74 (95% CI, 21.12-3.36), and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.74-0.86), respectively, indicating moderate accuracy. Subgroup analyses showed that the performance of the test differed by @entity1 population and type of reference standard used. Significant heterogeneity was present. CONCLUSIONS: The galactomannan assay has moderate accuracy for diagnosis of @entity3 in immunocompromised @entity1 . The test is more useful in @entity1 who have @entity1583 or who have undergone hematopoietic cell transplantation than in solid-organ transplant recipients. Further studies with attention to the impact of antifungal therapy, rigorous assessment of false-positive test results, and assessment of the utility of the test under nonsurveillance conditions are needed.

title: Diagnosis of XXXX using a galactomannan assay: a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive aspergillosis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['invasive aspergillosis']


abstract: CONTEXT: Agents that enhance @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) function through the @entity2228 modulatory site ( @entity7343 , @entity2228 , or @entity12210 ) or through @entity2228 transporter 1 ( @entity17842 ) improve the symptoms of @entity1 with stable chronic @entity161 . OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity143 - @entity2228 site agonists or @entity2228 transporter-1 inhibitors have better efficacy and whether @entity143 receptor-enhancing agents have beneficial effects for acute exacerbation of @entity161 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Inpatient units of 2 major medical centers in Taiwan. @entity1 Sixty-five @entity161 inpatients with acute exacerbation. INTERVENTIONS: Six weeks of treatment with @entity17842 (2 g/d), @entity7343 (2 g/d), or placebo and concomitant optimal @entity1090 therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms ( @entity12269 ) (20 and 17 items) total scores. RESULTS: The @entity17842 group revealed more reductions in PANSS total scores than the placebo (P = .04) and @entity7343 (P<.001) groups. @entity17842 adjunctive treatment was also superior to placebo in reducing @entity12269 -20 (P = .007) and @entity12269 -17 (P = .003) scores and to @entity7343 in decreasing @entity12269 -20 (P = .006) and @entity12269 -17 (P = .002) scores. The PANSS-general, PANSS-cognitive, and PANSS-depressive symptoms scores and @entity12269 - @entity2026 and @entity12269 -blunted affect scores improved significantly more in @entity17842 -cotreated @entity1 than in @entity1090 monotherapy @entity1 (P< or =.02 for all). @entity17842 adjunctive therapy also surpassed @entity7343 in terms of PANSS-general, PANSS-positive, PANSS-negative, and PANSS-depressive symptoms scores (P< or =.04 for all). @entity7343 and @entity1090 cotreatment did not differ significantly from @entity1090 monotherapy in all efficacy domains. CONCLUSIONS: This first short-term treatment study on @entity143 receptor-enhancing agents suggests that @entity17842 , superior to @entity7343 , can benefit not only @entity1 with long-term stable disease but also acutely ill @entity1 with @entity161 . This finding indicates that a @entity2228 transporter 1 inhibitor may be more efficacious than @entity143 - @entity2228 site agonists for adjuvant treatment of @entity161 , at least during the acute phase. Further studies are needed.

title: XXXX or @entity7343 add-on treatment for acute exacerbation of @entity161 : a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity17842 :: ('CHEBI:57433', 'Chemical') :: ['Sarcosine', 'sarcosine']

entities_list: @entity12210 :: ('CHEBI:74159', 'Chemical') :: ['D-cycloserine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity17842 :: (CHEBI:57433,Chemical) :: ['Sarcosine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The porphyrias are a defect in the biosynthesis of @entity1446 which can be associated with different @entity16 during acute attacks such as @entity1897 , mental disturbance and @entity410 . So far, there have only been a few case reports of @entity159 , none of which were of @entity10895 partialis @entity10895 (EPC). We present here two cases of @entity10154 ( @entity10154 ) manifesting EPC as part of the clinical presentation. METHOD: The @entity1 ' medical charts, EEG and imaging studies were carefully reviewed. RESULTS: Case 1 is a 49-year-old male who first presented a @entity410 . Case 2 is a 30-year-old male who came to the emergency room for a @entity159 . Both evolved to EPC over the next days. EPC persisted despite several antiepileptic drug trials. Diagnosis of @entity10154 was confirmed by a high level of urine, fecal and serum @entity7889 in both cases and by genetic testing in one. Over the last 3 years, the first @entity1 has continued to present non-disabling EPC and has had four @entity410 associated with @entity167 consumption. The second @entity1 died from @entity2657 one month and half after admission. CONCLUSION: @entity6052 should be included in the differential diagnosis of new onset @entity159 , including EPC. Their recognition is important as it modifies significantly @entity1 management, since many anticonvulsants are porphyrogenic.

title: @entity6052 presenting as @entity10895 partialis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizure']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity7889 :: ('MESH:D011166', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrins']

entities_list: @entity10895 :: ('MESH:D017036', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsia', 'continua']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity6052 :: ('MESH:D017118', 'Disease') :: ['Acute porphyrias']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'convulsive status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity10154 :: ('MESH:D046349', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary coproporphyria', 'HCP']

answer: @entity10895 :: (MESH:D017036,Disease) :: ['continua']


abstract: Spontaneous negative mental images have been extensively researched due to the crucial role they play in conditions such as @entity1005 . However, @entity1 can also experience spontaneous positive mental images, and these are little understood. Positive images may play a role in promoting healthy positive mood and may be lacking in conditions such as @entity308 . However, they may also occur in problematic states of elevated mood, such as in @entity162 . Can we apply an understanding of spontaneous imagery gained by the study of spontaneous negative images to spontaneous positive images? In an analogue of the @entity130 film studies, 69 volunteers viewed an explicitly positive (rather than traumatic) film. @entity1 were randomly allocated post-film either to perform a visuospatial task (the computer game 'Tetris') or to a no-task control condition. Viewing the film enhanced positive mood and immediately post-film increased goal setting on a questionnaire measure. The film was successful in generating involuntary memories of specific scenes over the following week. As predicted, compared with the control condition, @entity1 in the @entity1054 reported significantly fewer involuntary memories from the film in a diary over the subsequent week. Furthermore, scores on a recognition memory test at 1 week indicated an @entity2414 . Clinical implications regarding the modulation of positive imagery after a positive emotional experience are discussed. Generally, boosting positive imagery may be a useful strategy for the recovery of depressed mood.

title: Involuntary memories after a positive film are dampened by a visuospatial task: unhelpful in XXXX but helpful in @entity162 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impairment in voluntary recall of the film in the visuospatial task condition']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['visuospatial task condition']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8060 is a well-known @entity358 which usually develops in adults. We report the case of a two years old @entity1 who suffered from @entity565 , @entity110 and @entity483 for twelve months, whose symptoms were associated to visits to his grandfather's bakery. METHODS AND RESULTS: skin prick tests (SPT) were made to dust mites, moulds, flours, alfa-amylase and egg. It was also determined total IgE and specific IgE antibodies to alfa-amylase and flours. Subsequently, a challenge test was carried out with @entity3505 flour. The SPTs were positive to flours, alfa-amylase and egg. The determination of specific IgE antibodies showed 2.64 kU/L to @entity3505 , 0.79 kU/L to glyadin and 2.98 kU/L to alfa-amylase. The @entity1 developed @entity565 and @entity2490 after manipulating @entity3505 flour for 10 min. CONCLUSIONS: we demonstrated a @entity56 to @entity3505 flour and alfa-amylase in a two years old @entity1 by SPT, specific IgE antibodies and challenge test. This case in the childhood equivalent of occupational @entity8060 .

title: XXXX in a @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['occupational lung disease']

entities_list: @entity8060 :: ('MESH:D011151', 'Disease') :: ["baker's asthma"]

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['type I hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity8060 :: (MESH:D011151,Disease) :: ['Baker's asthma']


abstract: Bone marrow transplantation is an effective form of therapy for lethal @entity1200 and @entity1778 . @entity1 who are treated by bone marrow transplantation for these diseases have an improved outcome if treated early after diagnosis, before they have developed secondary complications. Recent advances in transplantation have allowed choices between several donor types. These alternative donor types are the subject of this analysis from the University of Minnesota. In these diseases, matched sibling donor bone marrow transplantation is the standard for comparison. In individuals with lethal @entity465 ( @entity466 [ @entity466 ], @entity17454 [ @entity17454 ], Ch  diak-Higashi syndrome [ @entity13277 ]) who lack a sibling donor, unrelated transplantation has produced results that are almost equal to those of matched sibling transplants. @entity1 with high-risk @entity981 ( @entity981 ) who have received sibling or unrelated transplants have results that are superior to autologous donor transplants. In @entity981 , there is a need to use new therapies, eg, immunotoxins, to decrease the currently high relapse rate. In @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) in first complete remission, results are excellent and comparable using related and autologous donors. Results in non-first-remission @entity3052 are inferior and do not differ if related, unrelated, or autologous transplants are used. In @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ), early survival results are superior using autologous and related transplants as compared with unrelated transplants.

title: Donor and host influences in bone marrow transplantation for XXXX and @entity1778 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity17454 :: ('MESH:D014923', 'Disease') :: ['WAS', 'Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['AML', 'acute myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency diseases']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiencies']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['severe combined immune deficiency', 'SCID']

answer: @entity1200 :: (MESH:D007154,Disease) :: ['immunodeficiency disease']


abstract: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) affects more than 30% of Americans, and with increasing problems of @entity28 in the United States, @entity1561 is poised to become an even more serious medical concern. At present, accurate classification of @entity1560 ( @entity1560 ) represents a significant challenge. In this study, the use of high-frequency (8 to 25 MHz) quantitative ultrasound (QUS) imaging to quantify @entity1560 was explored. QUS is an imaging technique that can be used to quantify properties of tissue giving rise to scattered ultrasound. The changes in the ultrasound properties of livers in @entity95 undergoing atherogenic diets of varying durations were investigated using QUS. @entity95 were placed on a special fatty diet for 0, 3, or 6 weeks. The fattiness of the livers was quantified by estimating the total lipid content of the livers. Ultrasonic properties, such as speed of sound, attenuation, and backscatter coefficients, were estimated in ex vivo @entity95 liver samples from animals that had been on the diet for varying periods. Two QUS parameters were estimated based on the backscatter coefficient: effective scatterer diameter (ESD) and effective acoustic concentration (EAC), using a spherical Gaussian scattering model. Two parameters were estimated based on the backscattered envelope statistics (the k parameter and the   parameter) according to the homodyned K distribution. The speed of sound decreased from 1574 to 1565 m/s and the attenuation coefficient increased from 0.71 to 1.27 dB/cm/MHz, respectively, with increasing fat content in the liver. The ESD decreased from 31 to 17  m and the EAC increased from 38 to 63 dB/cm(3) with increasing fat content in the liver. A significant increase in the   parameter from 0.18 to 0.93 scatterers/mm(3) was observed with increasing fat content in the liver samples. The results of this study indicate that QUS parameters are sensitive to fat content in the liver.

title: Ex vivo study of quantitative ultrasound parameters in fatty XXXX livers.

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis', 'fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1086 ( @entity1086 ) is a relatively uncommon @entity189 among @entity1820 and usually has a rather poor prognosis. The most common subtype of @entity1086 is @entity420 ( @entity420 ), which accounts for about 90% of @entity1086 . @entity957 / @entity1962 (SC/ASC) are comparatively rare histopathological subtypes of @entity1086 . The clinicopathological features and biological behaviors of SC/ASC have not been well-characterized. No molecular biomarkers are currently available for predicting the progression, @entity3 , and prognosis of the SC/ASC subtype of @entity1086 . METHODS: We examined the expression levels of @entity26902 and @entity14778 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining in @entity1 @entity1086 tissue samples collected from 46 @entity1 with SC/ASC and evaluated the clinicopathological significance of both @entity26902 and @entity14778 expression in the SC/ASC subtypes of @entity1086 by Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis. For comparison, we included specimens from 80 @entity420 @entity1 in our study to investigate the specificity of @entity26902 and @entity14778 expression in @entity1086 subtypes. RESULTS: We found that the positive expression of @entity26902 and @entity14778 was significantly associated with clinicopathological features of both SC/ASC and @entity420 specimens, including high TNM stage and lymph node @entity3 . Univariate analysis revealed that the two-year survival rate was significantly lower for @entity1 with positive expression of @entity26902 and @entity14778 than for those with negative expression. Multivariate analysis also indicated that the positive expression of @entity26902 and @entity14778 was negatively correlated with poor postoperative @entity1 survival and positively correlated with high mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that positive expression of @entity26902 or @entity14778 is associated with @entity5 progression and the clinical behavior of @entity1086 . Therefore, @entity26902 and @entity14778 could be potentially important diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for both SC/ASC and @entity420 subtypes of @entity1086 .

title: Clinicopathological features and @entity26902 and PDIA2 expression in gallbladder XXXX and @entity420 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['Gallbladder cancer', 'gallbladder carcinoma', 'GBC']

entities_list: @entity1962 :: ('MESH:D018196', 'Disease') :: ['adenosquamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['AC', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous/adenosquamous carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the prognostic and @entity901 predictive value of mismatch repair (MMR) status and common hot spot mutations, which we previously identified in @entity5 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Mutations in @entity817 , @entity984 , @entity8497 , MET, and @entity10160 were profiled in 2,299 stage II and III @entity694 from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) clinical trials C-07 (n = 1,836) and C-08 (n = 463) with Type Plex chemistry and mass spectrometry. C-07 tested the worth of adding @entity901 to @entity1487 plus @entity4181 , and C-08 tested the worth of adding bevacizumab to FOLFOX. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess prognostic or @entity901 predictive value of mutations for @entity5 recurrence, @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), and survival after recurrence (SAR). RESULTS: @entity817 mutations were associated with @entity5527 (P < 0.0001), poor @entity1349 [HR, 1.46; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.20-1.79; P  <= 0.0002], and poor SAR (HR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.83-2.95; P < 0.0001). Mutations in @entity984 , @entity8497 , MET, and @entity10160 were not associated with recurrence, @entity1349 , or SAR. @entity5527 were associated with an improved prognosis based on recurrence (HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.33-0.70; P < 0.0001). Mutations and MMR status were not predictive for @entity901 benefit. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that @entity817 mutations profiled from @entity5 tumors were associated with poor SAR and validates and explains, at least in part, previous observations associating it with poor @entity1349 . Profiling of all of these mutations is warranted for future clinical trials testing new targeted therapies that block relevant signaling pathways. Such clinical trials are under development at NSABP.

title: Mutation profiling and microsatellite XXXX : an assessment of their prognostic and @entity901 predictive value.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage II and III colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity5527 :: ('MESH:C536928', 'Disease') :: ['MMR-deficient tumors']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumors']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['instability in stage II and III colon cancer']


abstract: Five groups of six helminth-free @entity1707 of the Iberian and Landrace x White breeds were each experimentally-infected randomly at a dose of 150 larvae per kg, body weight with one of the five @entity8416 isolates, coded as Gm-1, Co-77, Laso, C-76 and Mad-83. These isolates were selected from the two @entity8416 species ( @entity8416 and T. britovi) so far identified in the Iberian Peninsula. Specific antibodies against the @entity281 were measured on days -14, 0, 6, 16, 20, 27, 34, 49, 63 and 82 post-infection (p.i.), in a comparative indirect ELISA assay using three different antigens prepared from the muscle stage of the parasite. The antigens were a crude saline larval extract (CSLE), excretory-secretory (ES) and surface stripped @entity14942 detergent ( @entity14942 ) products. Over all, the dynamics of antibody responses were very similar for @entity281 with the five different isolates, although a significant delay in positive and maximum antibody titres was seen in the group infected with C-76, the isolate exhibiting a marked low infectivity to domestic mammals. ELISA with the crude antigen was more sensitive (positive antibody titres appeared between days 6 and 16 p.i.) than with the ES and @entity14942 preparations (positive titres appeared between days 16 and 20 p.i.). For @entity281 with the C-76 isolate, positive titres appeared between days 16 and 20 p.i. with the CSLE antigen and, on day 27 p.i. with the ES and @entity14942 antigens. Little cross-reactivity with other @entity281 appeared only when ELISA was carried out with CSLE and @entity14942 antigens.

title: Dynamics of porcine humoral responses to experimental @entity281 by Spanish XXXX isolates: comparison of three larval antigens in ELISA.

entities_list: @entity8416 :: ('6334', 'Species') :: ['T. spiralis', 'Trichinella']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'common porcine helminth infections']

entities_list: @entity14942 :: ('MESH:C004322', 'Chemical') :: ['cetyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide', 'CTAB']

answer: @entity8416 :: (6334,Species) :: ['Trichinella']


abstract: The presence of circulating @entity5 cells in @entity1 with localized or disseminated @entity521 may be a significant prognostic factor at diagnosis and may antedate the detection of relapse by other diagnostic studies. We report the development of a highly sensitive detection assay for circulating neuroblasts based on the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), using the neuroendocrine protein gene product 9.5 ( @entity5855 ) as the @entity5 marker. Analysis of RT-PCR products by agarose gel electrophoresis demonstrated that @entity521 cell lines were uniformly positive, whereas peripheral blood mononuclear cells were negative. Alkaline Southern blotting with a @entity5855 -specific probe revealed scant expression of @entity5855 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, well below the limits of detection by electrophoresis alone. The system was able to detect a single @entity521 cell in 10(7) peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Eighteen @entity1 samples were analyzed by @entity5855 RT-PCR and the results compared with immunocytology in 16. Ten of the 18 were negative by both studies. Eight of the 18 were positive by @entity5855 RT-PCR, 4 of which were also positive by immunocytology. @entity5855 RT-PCR was able to detect circulating neuroblasts in two @entity1 with negative immunocytology, the first with progressive @entity236 and the second at high risk for relapse but no other evidence of disease. @entity5855 RT-PCR allows the detection of circulating @entity521 cells with a sensitivity greater than immunocytology. It will be useful in evaluating the clinical significance of circulating @entity5 cells with respect to prognosis and early detection of relapse, and in the screening of peripheral stem cell harvests prior to autologous infusion.

title: Sensitive detection of rare circulating XXXX cells by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow disease']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: We have recently isolated and characterized a human monoclonal autoantibody, @entity6253 -h1 (multiple organ-reactive @entity1 1), that reacts with antigens in multiple organs and have shown that this antibody binds to @entity1 growth hormone and a 35,000-mol wt protein. In the present study we generated three monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies (4E6, 3E5, and 3F6) against @entity6253 -h1. These anti-idiotypic antibodies specifically reacted with @entity6253 -h1 and not with 26 other multiple organ-reactive monoclonal IgM autoantibodies nor with pooled @entity1 IgM ( @entity1582 proteins). The binding of the anti-idiotypic antibodies to @entity6253 -h1 was inhibited by both @entity1 growth hormone and the 35,000-mol wt protein, which strongly suggests that these antibodies react with epitopes at or near the paratope on @entity6253 -h1. The results of competitive binding experiments revealed that the epitope recognized by 4E6 is distinct from that recognized by 3E5 and 3F6. Using these anti-idiotypic antibodies, lymphocytes and sera from normal individuals were tested for the presence of the 4E6 and 3E5/3F6 idiotopes. By indirect immunofluorescence, the 4E6 idiotope was detected on an average of 1.1% of normal circulating B lymphocytes, and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, the 4E6 and to a lesser extent the 3E5/3F6 idiotopes were found on IgG molecules in sera of normal individuals. In spite of the expression of idiotopes known to be present on @entity6253 -h1, no @entity6253 -h1-like antibody activity was detected in normal sera. Examination of sera from @entity1 with several @entity792 failed to show an increased expression of the 4E6 idiotope as compared with normal controls. These data suggest that anti-idiotypic antibody 4E6 recognizes a public idiotope, the expression of which is not restricted to @entity792 .

title: Anti-idiotypic antibodies against a @entity1 multiple organ-reactive autoantibody. Detection of idiotopes in normal individuals and @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the incidence, characteristics and patterns of @entity130 at club level in Qatar. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: Data were prospectively collected from the first division football league clubs in Qatar, in accordance with the international consensus statement on football injury epidemiology. An injury was defined as any physical complaint sustained during football activity resulting in the inability to participate fully in the next training or match. Individual injuries and exposure of each player were recorded by the medical staff of each team over one season. RESULTS: A total of 217 injuries were recorded, with an injury rate during matches of 14.5/1000h (95% CI: 11.6-18.0) compared with 4.4/1000h during training sessions (95% CI: 3.7-5.2). More than one third of all injuries were @entity121 (36.4%). Hamstring strains (54.4% of all @entity121 ) exhibited a higher incidence than all other @entity130 (p<0.001). The thigh was the most frequent injury location (41.9%, p<0.001). Reinjuries (15% of @entity130 ) were mainly comprised of @entity121 associated with a higher severity compared with new injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the different environmental, social and cultural setting, our findings are comparable with previous data from European club football, confirming the previous finding at national team level that there are no regional peculiarities of @entity130 in this part of the Asiatic continent. The relatively high @entity7184 incidence rate and the high recurrence rate for (severe) thigh @entity121 , especially during games, warrants prevention strategies.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX in Asia: a prospective study in Qatar.

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle strains']

entities_list: @entity7184 :: ('MESH:D012090', 'Disease') :: ['overuse injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['football injuries', 'total injuries', 'injury types']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['football injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Translocation of endotoxins was demonstrated for @entity1230 but not for @entity130 such as isolated @entity174 . @entity130 leads to substantial changes in the plasma concentration of acute-phase proteins. However, isolated @entity174 are @entity130 . The objective of this study was to elucidate the kinetics of @entity5694 and the ability of plasma to inactivate endotoxin of @entity1 operated on @entity174 and to demonstrate the early time course of the acute-phase proteins @entity1851 , @entity69 , alpha1-acid glycoprotein, @entity2104 , and @entity650 and to correlate them with the amount of @entity5694 . METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with @entity174 were operated on within 6 hours after injury. Blood was collected immediately after admission and regularly up to 96 hours after surgery. RESULTS: Preoperative endotoxin plasma levels were increased compared with that of healthy individuals (0.05 +/- 0.017 vs. 0.02 EU/mL). @entity5694 peaked 0.5 hours after the surgical procedure at 0.096 +/- 0.03 (p < 0.05 vs. healthy) and decreased to almost normal values after 24 hours. The ability of the plasma to inactivate endotoxin was significantly reduced after the surgical procedure compared with normal subjects (recovery, 0.17 +/- 0.028 EU/mL vs. 0.04 +/- 0.01 EU/mL; p < 0.05). Plasma @entity650 peaked 0.5 hours postoperatively (114 +/- 11 pg/mL, p < 0.05 vs. healthy), decreasing thereafter. @entity1851 peaked at 45 +/- 5 mg/mL (p < 0.05) 48 hours after injury. @entity69 decreased significantly postoperatively (2.41 +/- 0.12 mg/mL vs. pre-OP 2.65 +/- 0.1 mg/mL) and remained on this level for 96 hours. Both, alpha1-acid glycoprotein and @entity2104 increased postoperatively until day 4 (0.78 +/- 0.06 mg/mL to 1.15 +/- 0.08 mg/mL and 1.51 +/- 0.12 mg/mL to 3.24 +/- 0.22 mg/mL). There was no correlation between @entity5694 and the concentrations of the acute-phase proteins and @entity650 . CONCLUSION: Surgery for @entity174 is associated with @entity5694 and temporary reduced endotoxin inactivation capacity of the plasma. The injury and the surgical procedure leads to substantial changes in the plasma concentrations of acute-phase proteins. The relation between @entity5694 and acute-phase response is not dose dependent.

title: Translocation of endotoxin and acute-phase proteins in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['temporary endotoxemia', 'Endotoxemia', 'endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['malleolar fractures']

entities_list: @entity69 :: ('7018', 'Gene') :: ['transferrin', 'Transferrin']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Major trauma', 'minor trauma']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'C-Reactive protein']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['malleolar fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To analyze the evolution of the mortality and survival of @entity791 @entity1 in Barcelona. METHODS: In the mortality study @entity1 living in the city and who were detected from 1981-1991 by an active surveillance system were included. The survival analysis was restricted to @entity1 from 1988-1990 (same definition of @entity791 and longer @entity1 follow up). The Kaplan-Meier and Cox methods were used. RESULTS: In 1991 the rate of mortality was 14.1/100,000, similar to 1990 (14.0/100,000) and greater or much higher than the preceding years. Lethality increased in agreement with the semester of case diagnosis, with values between 100% (first years of the epidemic) and 23% (last semester) being registered. The accumulated probability of survival at 365 days was of 65.2% (CI 95%, 62.2-68.0) and 32.2% (CI 28.8-35.7) at 1.095 days. Median survival of the whole population was 669 days. Statistically significant differences were observed according to the year of diagnosis, prison history, antiretroviral treatment, disease diagnosis, transmission group, district of residence and age group but not according to sex. Multivariate analysis only discarded the influence of prison history. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality by @entity791 has enormously increased. Survival analysis demonstrated better prognosis in the youngest cases, those residing in more favorable socioeconomic districts, diagnoses from diseases added to the old definition of @entity791 , the IVDA and homosexual risk groups and the most recently diagnosed cases.

title: [Epidemiology of XXXX in Barcelona (1981-1991) (II). A study of mortality and survival].

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: Two thirds of the @entity0 cases in Heidelberg were treated with breast-preserving therapy (BCT). A reduction in @entity5 size with preoperative chemotherapy meant that the number of cases could be increased. Segment resection must, however, take place well into healthy tissue, and high-dose irradiation with the boost technique is standard procedure. A prospective randomized comparison showed that the five- to ten-year survival rate was 10% better following BCT than after mastectomy. Local recurrence after five years occurred in 4 to 6% of the cases, in 9% of the cases after mastectomy without postoperative irradiation. Even after ten years, local recurrence did not lower the survival rate. The rate of distant metastases was significantly higher in @entity1 who did not receive postoperative irradiation after tumorectomy. For this reason irradiation must only be omitted in exceptional cases. There was no evidence of local recurrence in 90% of those @entity1 who died of distant metastases. Two years after treatment 98% of the @entity1 indicated that they would still give BCT preference over mastectomy.

title: [ XXXX : results of breast saving treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: AIM: To determine the relation between respiratory function in infancy and at school age in @entity1 who have undergone @entity354 and @entity4501 repair, and assess the value of @entity1 respiratory function testing; and to examine the effect of bronchodilators. METHOD: Fourteen @entity1 (6 @entity1 , and 8 @entity1 ) who had undergone respiratory function testing in infancy were retested at school age (7-12 years). Measurements included lung volume, airways resistance, peak flow, and spirometry. Clinical problems were investigated by questionnaire. Twelve @entity1 had repeat measurements after taking @entity3045 . RESULTS: Predominant complaints were non-productive cough and @entity1282 , but even those @entity1 with major problems in infancy reported few restrictions at school or in sport or social activities. Respiratory function and clinical findings at school age appeared unrelated to status in infancy, such that even the @entity1 with severe @entity825 requiring aortopexy did not have lung function testing suggestive of malacia at school age. Most @entity1 showed a restrictive pattern of lung volume which would appear to result from reduced lung growth after surgery rather than being a concomitant feature of the primary @entity154 . Although six @entity1 reported wheeze and four had a diagnosis of @entity565 , only one responded to @entity3045 . This suggests that a tendency to attribute all lower respiratory symptoms to @entity565 may have led to an overdiagnosis of this condition in this @entity1 group. CONCLUSION: Respiratory function testing in infancy is of limited value in medium term prognosis, but may aid management of contemporary clinical signs. In @entity1 respiratory function testing is valuable in assessing suspected @entity565 and effects of bronchodilators.

title: Respiratory function in childhood following repair of @entity354 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity825 :: ('MESH:D055090', 'Disease') :: ['tracheomalacia']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormality']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal atresia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity4501 :: (MESH:D014138,Disease) :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']


abstract: In 35 of 316 @entity1 suffering from severe @entity5 , an epidural catheter was placed for continuous @entity1286 application. Indications for epidural opiates included failure of @entity158 relief with oral @entity1286 , severe side effects with oral administration, and contraindications for oral @entity1286 , e.g., ileus. METHODS. The epidural catheter was inserted in the lumbar, thoracic or cervical region, according to the main localization of @entity158 . A @entity6619 catheter with a Dacron cuff (4.2 F Broviac Davol, Cranston, R.I.) was connected and tunneled subcutaneously to a distant exit on the lateral chest wall (Fig. 2). A portable @entity1286 pump (CADD-PCA Pharmacia Deltec) was connected to the externalized catheter. The @entity1286 was infused continuously at a basic rate. It could be increased to a programmed limit by additional boli determined by the @entity1 themselves. Thirty @entity1 were treated as outpatients. RESULTS. The mean duration of treatment was 101 (10-333) days. The daily dose of @entity1286 ranged from 9 to 200 (33) mg at the beginning of therapy, and from 20 to 288 (88) mg at the end of treatment. In 27 @entity1 (77%) epidural @entity1286 administration proved to be a valuable method of @entity158 control (Fig. 3). Even in most cases of tolerance to oral @entity1286 , especially in @entity1 suffering from @entity158 of neuropathic origin, @entity158 control was adequate. There were no cases of continuous loss of effectiveness of continuous loss of effectiveness or development of tolerance (Fig. 5). The epidural @entity1286 dosage depended on the character and intensity of @entity158 and its responsiveness to epidural opiates. Technical complications were noticed in 6 @entity1 (17%), and fairly mild side effects of epidural @entity1286 occurred in 20% of the @entity1 for a limited time. CONCLUSIONS. The technique described is a simple and convenient method for long-term treatment of @entity5 @entity1 with epidural @entity1286 . There was no need for more invasive procedures, such as intrathecal or intraventricular @entity1286 administration, in this group of @entity1 in whom no @entity158 relief had been achieved with oral @entity1286 administration.

title: [Ambulatory epidural analgesia in @entity1 with XXXX . An outmoded technique?].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: @entity19272 is a systemic @entity32 characterized by symmetrical swelling and skin induration of the distal portions of the arms and/or legs, evolving into a @entity2631 -like appearance, accompanied by @entity1503 . It is a rare disease with a poorly understood etiology. Corticosteroid treatment remains the standard therapy, either taken alone or in association with an immunosuppressive drug. This paper presents a case of a male @entity1 with @entity4 and marked @entity1712 , diagnosed with @entity11333 in October 2006. He was treated with an antiparasitic drug, but both the swelling and the analytical changes remained. This was followed by a skin and muscle biopsy, which turned out to be compatible with @entity19272 . There was progressive worsening of the clinical state, with stiffness of the abdominal wall and elevated inflammatory parameters, and the @entity1 was referred to the Immunology Department, medicated with @entity288 and @entity1499 . Over the years there were therapeutic adjustments and other causes were excluded. Currently the @entity1 continues to be monitored, and there is no evidence of active disease. The case described in this article is interesting because of the diagnosis of @entity19272 probably associated/coexisting with a @entity281 . This case report differs from others in that there is an uncommon cause associated with the onset of the disease, instead of the common causes such as @entity130 , medication, non-parasitic @entity281 or @entity5 .

title: XXXX after @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity11333 :: ('MESH:D007411', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal parasitic infection']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['palpebral edema']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral blood eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['parasite infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity19272 :: ('MESH:C562487', 'Disease') :: ['Eosinophilic fasciitis', 'eosinophilic fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity19272 :: (MESH:C562487,Disease) :: ['Eosinophilic fasciitis']


abstract: @entity3483 are a common and significant problem in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 . Pleurodesis with @entity803 or other sclerosing agents is the usual treatment for @entity3483 . In contrast to this approach, intrapleural chemotherapy has the potential advantage of treating the underlying @entity5 in addition to controlling the effusion. Intracavitary @entity900 -based chemotherapy, which is cytotoxic rather than sclerosing, has proven safe and effective via the intraperitoneal route in @entity43 and @entity3620 . There has been little previous experience, however, with intrapleural @entity900 -based chemotherapy. As part of a planned series of trials in @entity3620 , the @entity2 Study Group first evaluated intrapleural @entity900 and @entity2592 in @entity1 with @entity3483 from a variety of solid @entity5 . From April 1986 to November 1987, 46 @entity1 with cytologically proven, symptomatic, and previously untreated @entity3483 were entered on study. A single dose of @entity900 100 mg/m2 plus @entity2592 1,200 mg was instilled into the pleural space via a chest tube, which was then immediately removed. @entity1 were evaluated for @entity137 and response at 24 hours; 1, 2, and 3 weeks; and then monthly. No recurrence of the effusion was considered a complete response (CR). Partial response (PR) was defined as a 75% or greater decrease in the amount of the effusion on serial chest radiographs. One @entity1 experienced reversible grade 4 @entity8 , four @entity1 had grade 3 hematologic @entity137 , and five @entity1 had grade 3 cardiopulmonary @entity137 . The overall response rate (CR plus PR) at 3 weeks was 49% (18 of 37 @entity1 ). The median length of response was 9 months for a CR and 5.1 months for a PR. The outcome of this trial was sufficiently encouraging that this regimen has been incorporated into subsequent trials for @entity3620 .

title: Intrapleural XXXX and @entity2592 in the management of @entity3483 : a @entity2 Study Group trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma', 'malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant pleural effusions', 'malignant pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To record the natural history of @entity1034 and estimate @entity227 in eyes of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1034 . MATERIALS: This was a retrospective, descriptive case study for five years of the eyes of @entity1 with clinically diagnosed @entity1034 . These @entity1 had presented to the @entity267 and a cornea specialist carried out the ocular examination under slit-lamp magnification. The medical records were reviewed by the authors. Visual acuity at presentation and clinical details on examination were recorded and, diagnosis of the stage of disease given in the case record was noted. Statistical analysis was done using chi-square-test and Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Of a total of 212 @entity1 (220 eyes), there were 144 males and 68 females; 118 eyes presented with stromal lesions, 44 eyes with epithelial lesions, 39 eyes with epithelial and stromal lesions and 19 eyes with endothelitis. The improvement in visual acuity to more than 20/40 in the four clinical groups was 23 out of 44 eyes with epithelial lesion (52.27%), 83 out of the 118 eyes with stromal lesions (70.33%), 23 out of 39 eyes with epithelial and stromal lesions (58.97%) and 8 out of the 19 eyes with endothelitis (42.10%). The mean improvement in visual acuity was 3.44 lines (SD +/- 4.06). CONCLUSION: Most @entity1 had mild disease. The majority of the @entity1 attained the final visual acuity of 6/12 or better in the affected eye. Thus, there was only a temporary visual morbidity with fairly good functional visual outcome in majority of the @entity1 .

title: @entity1034 and XXXX : a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity267 :: ('MESH:D065306', 'Disease') :: ['cornea services']

entities_list: @entity1034 :: ('MESH:D016849', 'Disease') :: ['herpes simplex keratitis']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual impairment']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity348 ( @entity348 ) is the cornerstone of a correct surgical therapy for extraperitoneal @entity5 . Aim of the study is to evaluate our 5 years experience confronting retrospectively laparoscopic (lap) @entity348 in respect to its laparotomic (open) counterpart. @entity1 AND METHODS: 30 @entity1 were treated laparoscopically for stage I-III extraperitoneal @entity5 and retrospectively compared to a homogeneous group, stratified for sex, age, comorbidities and stage of disease. RESULTS: 30 days mortality was zero for both groups, while morbidity was 20% for the lap group and 36.6% for the open group. Mean lymph nodes harvested was 24    12 for the lap group, 26    14 for the open group (p > 0.05). Five years overall and disease free survival was respectively 82.2% and 81.4% in the lap group, 79.9% and 79.6% in the open group, without statistical significance (p>0.05). Discussion. Minimally invasive @entity348 resulted a safe, effective and oncologically adequate procedure when retrospectively compared to its laparotomic counterpart, with 5 years overall survival and disease free survival reaching no statistical significance compared to the open approach, but with all the advantages of the laparoscopy such as @entity158 and @entity190 , faster recovery, less morbidity and better cosmetics. CONCLUSIONS: Our study has retrospectively demonstrated that laparoscopic @entity348 is feasible and oncologically effective, even if it remains a complex minimally invasive procedure, requiring adequate skill. More prospective, randomized studies are necessary to define such a procedure as the new gold standard in treatment of stage I-III extraperitoneal @entity5 .

title: Laparoscopic versus open total mesorectal excision for stage I-III mid and low XXXX : a retrospective 5 years analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TME', 'Total mesorectal excision']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['less pain']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyze morbidity-mortality and results of surgical treatment for @entity694 . METHODS: Retrospective review of 33 @entity1 who underwent surgical treatment for @entity694 from 1986 through 1996. RESULTS: Mean age was 62 +/- 20 years ( @entity168 ) with predominance of female sex (2:1). There were 25 cases of @entity3313 (76%), 7 in the cecum (21%) and 1 in the transverse colon (3%). @entity39 and/or perforation were most frequently seen in the right and transverse colon (50%) than in the sigmoid (4%) (P < 0.002). Operative morbidity was 45% with mortality of 21%. Age was the only variable statistically significant for operative morbidity (52 +/- 23 years in @entity1 without morbidity vs 71 +/- 17 years in @entity1 with morbidity, P = 0.02). Surgical procedures for @entity3313 were resection in 13 and fixation in 12. Recurrence after fixation was 38% to 12 months and 69% to 24 months (Kaplan-Meier), with associated mortality of 50%. There was no recurrence after resections. Treatment for cecal @entity3313 was cecopexy in 4 cases, with one recurrence; and right hemicolectomy without recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The results should encourage resective procedures in @entity3313 because the risk of recurrence after fixation is high and the morbidity-mortality is similar. Elderly @entity1 are more susceptible to complications.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX . 10-year experience at the Instituto Nacional de la Nutrici  n Salvador Zubir  n].

entities_list: @entity3313 :: ('MESH:D045822', 'Disease') :: ['volvulus', 'sigmoid volvulus']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['Colonic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic volvulus']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic volvulus']


abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effect of local antibiotic therapy in comparison with @entity2653 and root planing in a randomized semi-masked study. Forty-six recall @entity1 who completed systematic periodontal therapy 6 to 24 months prior to the study were enrolled. The inclusion requirements were at least one site with @entity92 > or = 5 mm in each quadrant, no scaling, and no antibiotic therapy during the last 6 months. After randomization each @entity1 received 2 different treatments: in 2 quadrants @entity868 25% dental gel was applied subgingivally to the pockets at day 0 and day 7; scaling and root planing was carried out in the 2 other quadrants, one at day 0 and in the remaining quadrant at day 7. Subgingival microbiological samples were taken from each @entity1 before treatment and on days 21, 91, and 175 after the treatment. The analyses were carried out by indirect immunofluorescence assay. At all treated sites @entity92 ( @entity92 ), clinical attachment level (CAL), and @entity548 on probing (BOP) were recorded on days 0, 21, 91, and 175. Both treatments resulted in @entity922 . @entity92 reduction was statistically significant (P < 0.01) for both treatment modalities after 6 months. The CAL gain was not significant for either treatment. There was no statistical significance between scaling and antibiotic therapy. @entity14148 , @entity2523 , and @entity3288 were significantly reduced after therapy; however, there were no statistically significant differences between treatments. If @entity3841 was present before therapy, it was also present after treatment in both groups. The conclusion is that, in recall @entity1 , local application of @entity868 and scaling and root planing showed similar clinical and microbiological effects without statistically significant differences.

title: Local @entity868 application in maintenance XXXX . Clinical and microbiological evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['subgingival scaling']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity14148 :: ('158', 'Species') :: ['Treponema denticola']

entities_list: @entity3288 :: ('28131', 'Species') :: ['Prevotella intermedia']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'probing depth']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['PD reduction and CAL gain']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1582 typically presents with @entity16 , @entity177 , @entity209 and @entity417 . Less usual associations are @entity305 , solitary plasmacytomas, and only rarely is lymphadenopathy found. Discomfort and left upper @entity158 due to marked @entity381 appears unknown, particularly as the initial symptom. Accordingly, two cases are reported in which this was the reason for seeking medical attention. In both splenectomy was unavoidable because of size and symptomatic @entity1188 . The dominant histologic feature in the first was striking proliferation of sinus lining cells engorged with the IgA paraprotein. In the second there was dramatic expansion of the red pulp. In neither, despite using appropriate immunohistochemical techniques, could the enlargement of the spleen be attributed to infiltration by plasma cells that in the peripheral and blood and marrow had a distinctively unusual morphology. In these two individuals the pathophysiology remains obscure. In the first, although considered, it was not possible to meet the criteria for this being an example of @entity40123 . In the second, a postulated disseminated @entity6872 with primary @entity18697 remains unproven. This unique finding is, therefore, presented as descriptive pathology without recognisable explanation.

title: XXXX Presenting with Massive @entity381 .

entities_list: @entity6872 :: ('MESH:D010954', 'Disease') :: ['plasmacytoma']

entities_list: @entity18697 :: ('MESH:D001998', 'Disease') :: ['splenic sequestration']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal damage']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity40123 :: ('MESH:C537031', 'Disease') :: ['littoral cell angioma']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['quadrant pain']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disturbances']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['Myeloma']


abstract: This study describes the effects of two major treatment options, splenectomy and/or bone marrow transplantation, on the natural history of the Wiskott-Aldrich ( @entity17454 ) syndrome. The records of 62 @entity1 with the @entity17454 evaluated at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center from 1966 to 1992 were reviewed. Nineteen @entity1 were treated with bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and the results were largely dependent on the source of the graft. Twelve of 12 @entity1 receiving HLA-matched sibling marrow achieved satisfactory immunologic and hematologic reconstitution. By contrast, only 2 of 7 @entity1 receiving haploidentical, parental, or matched unrelated marrow survived more than 1 year after BMT. Thirty-nine @entity1 who lacked suitable bone marrow donors early in their course underwent splenectomy for management of their @entity882 ; most received prophylactic antibiotics to minimize the risk of @entity295 . Nearly all these @entity1 achieved normal platelet counts and the rate of serious @entity548 was reduced nearly sevenfold. Median survival in the untransplanted splenectomy group was 25 years, compared with less than 5 years in unsplenectomized @entity1 . We conclude that HLA-matched sibling donor BMT is the treatment of choice for @entity1 with @entity17454 and that splenectomy and daily prophylactic antibiotics provide a significant survival advantage to those @entity1 without a matched sibling donor. Splenectomy should probably be used in preference to unmatched BMT until results with alternative donor BMT significantly improve or gene therapy becomes available.

title: Splenectomy and/or bone marrow transplantation in the management of the XXXX : long-term follow-up of 62 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity17454 :: (MESH:D014923,Disease) :: ['Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome']