abstract: Previous studies have found that @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ), a histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitor, improves outcomes in a @entity35 model of @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). The study here aimed to further illuminate the neuroprotective effects of @entity2052 against @entity1566 , both in vivo and in vitro. First, @entity1566 was performed in @entity35 using NYU impactor. Delayed @entity2052 injection (8 h following @entity1566 ) significantly accelerated locomotor recovery. @entity2052 therapy also suppressed @entity1566 -induced hypoacetylation of histone and promoted expressions of @entity2136 and @entity10157 . Next, the influence of @entity2052 on axonal growth inhibited by a myelin protein was tested. Neurons from embryonic spinal cord or hippocampus were cultured on plates coated with @entity4395 peptide, and escalating concentrations of @entity2052 were added into the cultures. @entity2052 treatment, in a concentration dependent manner, allowed neurons to overcome @entity4395 inhibition of neurite outgrowth. Meanwhile, @entity2052 exposure increased the level of histone acetylation and expression of @entity2136 in spinal neurons. Cumulatively, these findings indicate that @entity2052 is possibly a promising medication and deserves translational trials for @entity1566 .

title: XXXX improves locomotion in vivo after @entity1566 and axonal growth of neurons in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['Valproic acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The unique challenges presented by metabolomics have driven the development of new @entity3928 ( @entity3928 )-based techniques for small molecule analysis. We have previously demonstrated @entity6619 nanopost arrays (NAPA) to be an effective substrate for laser desorption ionization (LDI) of small molecules for @entity3928 . However, the utility of NAPA-LDI- @entity3928 for a wide range of metabolite classes has not been investigated. Here we apply NAPA-LDI- @entity3928 to the large-scale acquisition of high-resolution mass spectra and tandem mass spectra from a collection of metabolite standards covering a range of compound classes including @entity3534 , @entity2036 , @entity3363 , xenobiotics, lipids, and other classes. In untargeted analysis of metabolite standard mixtures, detection was achieved for 374 compounds and useful @entity3928 / @entity3928 spectra were obtained for 287 compounds, without individual optimization of ionization or fragmentation conditions. Metabolite detection was evaluated in the context of 31 metabolic pathways, and NAPA-LDI- @entity3928 was found to provide detection for 63% of investigated pathway metabolites. Individual, targeted analysis of the 20 common @entity3534 provided detection of 100% of the investigated compounds, demonstrating that improved coverage is possible through optimization and targeting of individual analytes or analyte classes. In direct analysis of aqueous and organic extracts from human serum samples, spectral features were assigned to a total of 108 small metabolites and lipids. @entity413 and @entity3534 were quantitated within their physiological concentration ranges. The broad coverage demonstrated by this large-scale screening experiment opens the door for use of NAPA-LDI- @entity3928 in numerous metabolite analysis applications.

title: Large-Scale Metabolite Analysis of Standards and Human Serum by Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry from XXXX Nanopost Arrays.

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['mass spectrometry', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity6619 :: (MESH:D012825,Chemical) :: ['Silicon']


abstract: Twenty-two @entity1 with resectable @entity356 treated with intraoperative radiotherapy and external beam irradiation, in a Phase I-II oriented study, were analyzed. @entity5 Stages were III _ IV in 18 cases (82%). @entity5 histology was described as diffuse undifferentiated type in 14 cases (63%). Following surgical resection of the @entity5 , IORT 15 Gy was delivered in the celiac axis area, using high energy electron beams ranging from 9 to 20 MeV. External beam irradiation fields covered the draining nodal areas of the upper abdomen and the gastric bed. There were no postoperative deaths. Reversible @entity260 were recorded in 14 @entity1 (63%). Long term complications observed were @entity891 and @entity409 . First sites of recurrence have been: hepatic hilum (three cases), peritoneum combined with central axis nodes (two cases), liver @entity3 (one case), and lung @entity3 (one case). Survival data shows a follow-up period ranging from 1+ to 33+ months, with a median survival time for the entire group of 13+ months. At the time of this report, 16 @entity1 (72%) are still alive and six have died (four from progressive @entity5 and two from intercurrent disease). From this preliminary data, it can be concluded that a combined approach with surgical resection, intraoperative radiotherapy, and external beam irradiation is feasible in advanced @entity356 , and is not limited by @entity137 or any complications observed. Despite this intense loco-regional therapeutic approach, the upper abdominal failure rate has been demonstrated in 22% of the cases.

title: Intraoperative and external beam radiotherapy in advanced resectable XXXX : technical description and preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease', 'Tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral collapse']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, the pulsed radiofrequency (PRF, pulsed fashion) procedure was introduced for @entity9 management. Since PRF-induced lesions do not need high temperature compared with conventional @entity400 ( @entity400 )-induced lesions, there is no significant loss of sensory fibres after application. METHODS: The progressive changes in the expression of eight representative inflammatory cytokines - glial fibrillary acidic protein, @entity5 @entity39 factor alpha, @entity568 , cyclooxygenase-II, inducible @entity842 synthase, nuclear factor-kB, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and @entity9269 - as well as the morphological changes in extracellular matrices by Masson's trichrome and Verhoeff-van Gieson staining and atomic force microscopy were assessed for normal (control), sham (no RF current), PRF and @entity400 (positive control) @entity35 . The RF procedure used in this study was similar to the methods used in @entity1 clinical trials. RESULTS: All proposed inflammatory proteins showed up-regulation after RF thermal treatments. Specifically, PRF-treated @entity35 showed recovery of up-regulated inflammatory cytokines on day 30 after application, while @entity400 @entity35 showed significant up-regulation that persisted until day 30. The control and sham groups showed normal unmyelinated axon and collagen structures. PRF-induced lesions showed less fibre destruction than @entity400 -induced lesions. PRF-induced lesions also showed mild @entity21 and @entity4 . @entity400 -induced lesions showed ultrastructural changes of sciatic nerve fibres that were irreversible. CONCLUSIONS: PRF-induced @entity158 relief may be due to temporary blockage of nerve signals through the nerve pathway responsible for reversible @entity308 . However, @entity400 -induced @entity158 relief may be due to permanent blockage of nerve signals through other nerve pathways. Therefore, @entity400 could be applied to chronic inflammatory models used to study the mechanism of @entity9 .

title: Inflammatory responses and morphological changes of radiofrequency-induced XXXX sciatic nerve fibres.

entities_list: @entity9269 :: ('25542(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage inflammatory protein-1a']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal depression']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['little swelling of the mitochondria']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['CRF', 'continuous RF']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['axonal damage']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: We report the case of a 70 years old @entity1 admitted to our coronary care unit because of @entity955 , non-ST-elevation @entity583 and @entity1455 . Emergency coronary angiography showed a 99 % stenosis of the circumflex coronary that was successfully treated with a bare metal stent. @entity955 was cardioverted to sinus rhythm. Nevertheless, no hemodynamic benefit was observed. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) showed rupture of the papillary muscle (PM). The @entity1 underwent emergent mitral valve replacement. Surgical visualization of the mitral valve confirmed the rupture of the antero-lateral PM. The postoperative course was uneventful and the @entity1 recovered fully. This case highlights that even small @entity583 may have dramatic clinical presentations such as @entity121 with @entity1455 . Clinical suspicion and rapid confirmation of the diagnosis by TEE are essential requirements for successful treatment.

title: XXXX : small life-threatening @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['PM rupture']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['Papillary muscle rupture']


abstract: PURPOSE: Pars plana vitrectomy with peeling of the internal limiting membrane is a well-established technique for the treatment of @entity937 with high success rates. Complications such as @entity937 may result from vitreous incarceration at the sclerotomy sites. Prophylactic laser retinopexy (LR) has recently been shown to decrease incidence of @entity1713 but its efficacy in macular hole repair has not been established. In this study we evaluated the safety and efficacy of prophylactic LR and compared the @entity1 to a control group that did not receive prophylactic treatment. METHODS: A retrospective, consecutive chart review was conducted comparing @entity1 who underwent macular hole repair with LR to without LR. @entity1 demographics were collected and the number and time interval of @entity1713 in the 2 groups were compared. Statistical analysis was conducted between the 2 groups. RESULTS: A total of 144 eyes underwent macular hole repair during the study period. A total of 76 eyes underwent LR and 68 eyes did not undergo LR. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the 2 groups. At 1 year, RD occurred in 1 eye (1.31%) in the LR group and in 8 eyes (8.82%) without LR group (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic LR decreases the incidence of postoperative @entity1713 a potentially disabling complication of macular hole repair surgery.

title: Prophylactic circumferential intraoperative laser retinopexy decreases the risk of XXXX after macular hole surgery.

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment', 'postvitrectomy rhegmatogenous retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['retinal tears', 'idiopathic macular holes']

answer: @entity1713 :: (MESH:D012163,Disease) :: ['retinal detachment']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose: Intensive postoperative care is essential for the outcome of trabeculectomy. However, in a rural setting, repeated visits to the operating theatre are often not requested or possible. The objective of this study was to examine the outcome of trabeculotomy combined with @entity231 surgery in @entity1 with @entity726 . @entity1 and Methods: 142 @entity1 with @entity726 and @entity231 were included in a retrospective clinical study. All @entity1 were operated on from November 2005 to December 2008 by a single surgeon and with a minimum follow-up of 2 months. Intraocular pressure (IOP), number of antiglaucomatous medications and surgical success rate were assessed at 2 months and at the longest follow-up (at least 1 year). Results: IOP was significantly reduced from 24.1        8.3   mmHg preoperatively to 14.9        3.3   mmHg at 2 months (p   <   0.0001) and to 15.1        3   mmHg at the longest follow-up (3.71        1.5 years). The number of IOP-lowering medications was lowered from 1.35        1 preoperatively to 0.73        1 at the longest follow-up. Complete surgical success (no IOP-lowering medications, longest follow-up) was achieved in 51.3% (IOP <   22   mmHg) and 47.5% (IOP <   19   mmHg) of @entity1 , respectively. Conclusions: Trabeculotomy combined with @entity231 surgery is a safe and effective surgical option to treat combined @entity231 and @entity726 without the need of intensified postoperative treatment.

title: [Trabeculotomy Combined with Cataract Surgery in XXXX : Outcome in a Rural Setting].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']


abstract: The chief causes of @entity409 in Ethiopia are reviewed, considering hospital data on admissions for @entity99 , @entity82 , @entity843 and @entity157 . @entity409 account for 11.4% of all medical admissions in 3 medical wards in Addis Ababa. The causes are @entity99 , post- hepatic and post @entity39 and mixed @entity82 and @entity157 . @entity7160 is rare. @entity99 with shivering, rigor and @entity221 and elevated direct @entity648 levels are common in Ethiopians, especially in @entity1 -bearing @entity1 . The @entity1956 surface antigen (HBsAg) is often associated with @entity99 . The disease may be transmitted by several species of mosquitoes, placental transmission, or feces, urine, saliva or semen. Blood products are not screened for @entity1956 . @entity82 is common, and causes significant mortality, usually from esophageal varices and @entity5693 . @entity3619 @entity1 may live for a time, especially if they are near a hospital and are treated with @entity230 . In Ethiopia presenting symptoms for @entity157 are @entity448 , @entity353 , persistent, burning, right upper @entity158 , and a hard, nodular, tender RUQ mass. Over 5% of @entity5 seen are primary @entity157 . 50% have HBsAG, compared to 3.8% of controls. 65% have alpha-fetoglobulins. It is suggested that some @entity99 cases progress to @entity82 , of which some go on to @entity157 . Herbal medicines, aflatoxins and other toxins may also contribute to @entity409 .

title: Current views on XXXX in Ethiopia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['Cirrhosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5693 :: ('MESH:D006501', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic coma']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver diseases', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic active hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['quadrant pain']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis', 'Viral hepatitis', 'viral hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity7160 :: ('MESH:D008104', 'Disease') :: ['Alcoholic cirrhosis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess @entity158 and @entity4 in the first 7 days after periapical surgery and their relationship with the agent used for bleeding control. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study was conducted between October 2006 and March 2009. @entity1 subjected to root surgery, who completed the questionnaire and who consented to the postoperative instructions were included in the study. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the hemostatic agent used: A) gauze impregnated with anesthetic solution with vasoconstrictor; or B) @entity15484 . The @entity1 were administered a questionnaire, and were asked to record the severity of their @entity158 and @entity4 on a plain horizontal visual analog scale (VAS). Data were recorded by the @entity1 on the first 7 postoperative days. In addition, the @entity1 were asked to record analgesic consumption. RESULTS: A total of 76 questionnaires (34 in group A and 42 in group B) were taken to be correctly completed. @entity158 was reported to be most intense two hours after surgery. At this point 52.6% of the @entity1 had no @entity158 . Seventy-five percent of the @entity1 consumed analgesics in the first 24 hours. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the intensity of @entity158 or in the consumption of analgesics. Swelling reached its maximum peak on the second day; at this point, 60.6% of the @entity1 suffered mild or moderate @entity4 . The @entity31686 group showed significantly greater @entity4 than the gauzes group. CONCLUSION: The type of hemostatic agent used did not influence either the degree of @entity158 or the need for @entity1337 among the @entity1 in this study. However, the @entity1 belonging to the @entity31686 group suffered greater @entity4 than the @entity1 treated with gauzes impregnated with anesthetic solution with vasoconstrictor.

title: @entity158 and XXXX after periapical surgery related to the hemostatic agent used: anesthetic solution with vasoconstrictor or @entity15484 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity15484 :: ('MESH:C010845', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum chloride']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['swelling']


abstract: In animals, physical activity has been shown to induce functional and structural changes especially in the hippocampus and to improve memory, probably by upregulating the release of neurotrophic factors. In @entity1 , results on the effect of acute exercise on memory are inconsistent so far. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of a single bout of physical exercise on memory consolidation and the underlying neuroendocrinological mechanisms in young adults. @entity1 encoded a list of German-Polish vocabulary before exercising for 30 minutes with either high intensity or low intensity or before a relaxing phase. Retention of the vocabulary was assessed 20 minutes after the intervention as well as 24 hours later. Serum @entity2252 and salivary @entity701 were measured at baseline, after learning, and after the intervention. The high-intensity exercise group showed an increase in @entity2252 and @entity701 after exercising compared to baseline. Exercise after learning did not enhance the absolute number of recalled words. @entity1 of the high-intensity exercise group, however, forgot less vocabulary than the relaxing group 24 hours after learning. There was no robust relationship between memory scores and the increase in @entity2252 and @entity701 , respectively, suggesting that further parameters have to be taken into account to explain the effects of exercise on memory in @entity1 .

title: The Effects of Acute Physical Exercise on Memory, Peripheral XXXX , and @entity701 in Young Adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity2252 :: (627,Gene) :: ['BDNF']


abstract: @entity6729 is a nasopharyngeal commensal which is being increasingly recognised as a pathogen, causing mainly infective exacerbations of @entity1030 . It can also originate serious @entity281 , like @entity295 , in @entity1 with chronic predisposing conditions. During the period from 1979 to 1987, 22,501 respiratory tract samples from @entity1 were evaluated. Ninety nine isolated of @entity6729 were identified (0.44%). @entity1 ' age extended from 12 days to 9 years, with @entity1 younger than two years representing 73%. Sixty three out of 77 cases investigated (82%) were positive for beta-lactamase. The most frequent finding was the recovery of @entity6729 in tracheal aspirates from @entity1 with a tracheotomy or prolonged nasotracheal intubation. One of these @entity1 had a septic episode during which @entity6729 was isolated from blood. Also remarkable is a case of @entity55 in a @entity1 with @entity154 . @entity6729 was also recovered in a wide variety of @entity1729 in @entity1 without previous predisposing conditions. It is less clear its pathogenic role in these cases.

title: [ XXXX : its respiratory pathogenicity in childhood].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hypogammaglobulinaemia']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease']

entities_list: @entity6729 :: ('480', 'Species') :: ['Branhamella catarrhalis']

answer: @entity6729 :: (480,Species) :: ['Branhamella catarrhalis']


abstract: The beneficial effects of chemotherapy in @entity1 with advanced @entity135 remain controversial in terms of survival, but have shown some promise in improving locoregional control and quality of life. In an effort to improve locoregional control and survival, a prospective phase II study was initiated using @entity1311 and @entity3003 with concurrent conventional fractionated external-beam radiotherapy. @entity1311 and @entity3003 have both shown excellent radiosensitization through two discrete mechanisms, cell blockage in G2/M phase and inhibition of DNA repair, respectively. @entity1 were stratified as either operable or inoperable. This report pertains to the inoperable @entity1 group, who received eight cycles of weekly @entity1311 (60 mg/m2), @entity3003 (area under the concentration-time curve of 1) with conventional radiotherapy (72 Gy). Chemoradiotherapy was followed by neck dissection for those @entity1 who presented with clinically palpable lymph nodes. Thirty-three @entity1 were enrolled in this group (23 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 with a median age of 56 years). Eleven @entity1 (33%) had @entity5 ; 22 (67%), stage IV disease. The median follow-up period was 14 months. Clinical complete response occurred in 20 @entity1 (60%) and partial response occurred in 10 (30%), for an overall response rate of 90%. Following completion of therapy, 18 @entity1 have undergone biopsy at the primary @entity5 site and 17 were negative. Eight of the 16 @entity1 with clinically palpable neck nodes at presentation underwent neck dissection; five (63%) had negative nodes. @entity33 was the most common @entity137 . Grade 3 or 4 @entity33 occurred in 30 of the 33 (90%) @entity1 . Other grade 3 or 4 @entity137 included skin (22%), @entity7553 (19%), @entity1398 (9%), and @entity2700 (6%). One @entity1 with @entity189 who had pathologic complete response developed cartilage @entity39 and is undergoing hyperbaric @entity26 therapy. Survival data are early but encouraging. Concurrent @entity1311 , @entity3003 , and external-beam radiotherapy yielded excellent clinical and pathologic responses. @entity33 remains the most common and significant morbidity. The study will continue for necessary accrual.

title: Chemoradiotherapy for advanced inoperable XXXX : A phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patient', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III disease']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis', 'Mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['Paclitaxel', 'paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The development of @entity66 is associated with alterations in the @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) pathway. We have investigated the expression and activity of Smad transcription factors of the @entity2533 pathway in primary tunical fibroblasts derived from @entity1 with @entity545 and from controls. METHODS: Primary fibroblasts were established from biopsies obtained from plaques of 16 @entity1 with @entity545 or the tunica albuginea of 8 control @entity1 . The expression and activity of Smad transcription factors in control and @entity2533 -stimulated primary fibroblasts were investigated at the RNA and protein level by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: RNA expression levels of @entity7379 and @entity1594 were significantly increased in fibroblasts from @entity1 with @entity545 . When stimulated with @entity2533 , fibroblasts showed rapid nuclear translocation of @entity14877 , as soon as 15 min after stimulation. This effect was more pronounced and exhibited an earlier onset in fibroblasts from @entity1 with @entity545 , compared with controls. In addition, an increased nuclear retention time of @entity1594 was observed in fibroblasts from @entity1 with @entity545 . CONCLUSIONS: The expression and activity of Smad transcription factors of the @entity2533 pathway is increased in fibroblasts of @entity1 with @entity545 . Alterations in the @entity2533 pathway seem to be a pathogenetic factor in the development of @entity545 .

title: Alterations in the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta pathway as a potential factor in the pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic diseases']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ["Peyronie's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'transforming growth factor beta', 'TGF-beta']

answer: @entity545 :: (MESH:D010411,Disease) :: ['Peyronie's disease']


abstract: Fc receptors for @entity13446 mediate several defence mechanisms in the course of inflammatory and infectious diseases. In Gram-negative infections, cellular wall lipopolysaccharides (LPS) modulate different immune responses. We have recently demonstrated that @entity19 LPS in vivo treatment significantly increases FcgammaR-dependent clearance of @entity7110 ( @entity7110 ). In addition, we and others have reported the induction of adhesion molecules on macrophages and neutrophils by LPS in vivo and by @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity637 ) in vitro. The aim of this paper was to investigate @entity3804 / @entity29956 participation in LPS enhancing effects on Fcgamma-dependent functionality of tissue macrophages. Our results have demonstrated that LPS can enhance @entity137 ( @entity137 ) and @entity7110 -triggered @entity137 ( @entity7110 -Ctx), two reactions which involve the Fcgamma-receptor but different lytic mechanisms. In vitro incubation of splenocytes from LPS-treated mice with anti- @entity3804 / @entity29956 abrogated @entity137 and @entity7110 -Ctx enhancement, without affecting FcgammaR expression. Similar results were obtained with physiological concentrations of fibrinogen. In this way cytotoxic values of LPS-splenocytes decreased to the basal levels of control @entity19 . Time and temperature requirements for such inhibition strongly suggested that anti- @entity3804 / @entity29956 could modulate intracellular signals leading to downregulation of FcgammaR functionality. Data presented herein support the hypothesis that functional and/or physical associations between integrins and FcgammaR could be critical for the modulation of effector functions during an inflammatory response.

title: Lipopolysaccharide enhances FcgammaR-dependent functions in vivo through @entity3804 / XXXX up-regulation.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['ADCC', 'antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity7110 :: ('MESH:D007105', 'Disease') :: ['immune complexes', 'IC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity13446 :: ('16059(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['immunoglobulin G (IgG) (FcgammaR)']

answer: @entity29956 :: (17000(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD18']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association of @entity31041 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) near @entity14960 gene and serum lipid profiles has never been studied in the Chinese population. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to detect the association of @entity31041 SNP and several environmental factors on serum lipid levels in the Mulao and Han populations. METHODS: A total of 639 unrelated subjects of Mulao nationality and 644 @entity1 of Han nationality were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples. Genotypes of the @entity14960 @entity31041 @entity4866 SNP were determined via polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism, and then confirmed by direct sequencing. RESULTS: Serum apolipoprotein (Apo) B levels were higher in Mulao than in Han (P < 0.05). There were no differences in the genotypic and allelic frequencies between the two ethnic groups (P > 0.05). High- and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C and LDL-C) levels in Han were different among the genotypes (P < 0.05 for each), the subjects with AG/GG genotypes had higher HDL-C and LDL-C levels than the subjects with AA genotype. Total @entity165 (TC), @entity11429 , @entity1675 and @entity755 levels in Han males were different among the genotypes (P < 0.05-0.001), the G carriers had higher TC, @entity11429 , @entity1675 and @entity755 levels than the G noncarriers. HDL-C levels in Mulao males were different among the genotypes (P < 0.05), the G carriers had lower HDL-C levels than the G noncarriers. Serum HDL-C and LDL-C levels in both ethnic groups and TG levels in Han were correlated with the genotypes or alleles (P < 0.05-0.01). TG and HDL-C levels in Mulao males and TG, @entity11429 and @entity1675 levels in Han males were correlated with genotypes or alleles (P < 0.05-0.001). TG and @entity1675 levels in Han females were associated with genotypes (P < 0.05 for each). Serum lipid parameters were also associated with several environmental factors in both ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS: The associations of @entity14960 @entity31041 SNP and serum lipid levels are different between the Mulao and Han populations. These discrepancies might partly result from different @entity14960 gene-environmental interactions in both ethnic groups.

title: Association of the @entity14960 tribbles homolog 1 gene @entity31041 XXXX polymorphism and serum lipid levels in the Mulao and Han populations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity4866 :: ('c|SUB|A||G', 'DNAMutation') :: ['A>G']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity4866 :: (c|SUB|A||G,DNAMutation) :: ['A>G']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6197 ( @entity6197 ) and @entity417 ( @entity417 ) are associated with @entity73 in African @entity1 , but long-term @entity146 in these @entity1 are not well defined. METHODS: A cohort of @entity1 previously exposed to @entity6197 (n  =  173) or @entity417 (n  =  99) had neurologic assessments performed and screening for behaviour difficulties using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) a median of 21  months after the disease episode. These findings were compared to concurrently recruited community @entity1 (CC, n  =  108). @entity1 with SDQ total difficulties score >= 17 had a mental health interview with the @entity1 and adolescent version of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-KID) and a sample had brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS: Fifty-five @entity1 had SDQ score >= 17. On the MINI-KID, these @entity1 were classified as having no difficulties (n  =  18), behaviour difficulties only (n  =  13) or a @entity146 (n  =  24). Behaviour difficulties were seen in similar frequencies in @entity6197 (3.5  %), @entity417 (4.0  %) and CC (2.8  %). In contrast, @entity146 were most frequent in @entity6197 (10.4  %), followed by @entity417 (4.0  %) and CC (1.8  %). @entity74 (conduct, oppositional defiance and attention deficit @entity2915 ) were the most common @entity146 . The median total coma duration was 72 (IQR 36.0-115.0)  h in @entity1 with @entity146 compared to 48 (IQR 28.5-78.7)  h in those without, p  =  0.039. Independent risk factors for @entity146 included @entity51 at discharge (OR 4.09 (95  % CI 1.60, 10.5) and @entity410 recurrences during hospitalization, (OR 2.80, 95  % CI 1.13, 6.97). Brain MRI findings consistent with small vessel ischaemic @entity130 was seen in over half of these @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6197 may predispose @entity1 to @entity146 , possibly as a consequence of ischaemic @entity130 . There is urgent need for programmes of follow-up, diagnosis and interventions for these @entity1 .

title: XXXX is associated with long-term @entity146 : a cross sectional survey of a long-term cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Participants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['severe malarial anaemia', 'SMA']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental health disorders', 'mental health disorder']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['neuro-developmental impairment']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Externalizing disorders']

entities_list: @entity6197 :: ('MESH:D016779', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'Cerebral malaria']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['neural injury']

answer: @entity6197 :: (MESH:D016779,Disease) :: ['Cerebral malaria']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is an effective treatment for @entity788 in an athymic nude @entity19 model. Female athymic @entity19 (n=44) were inoculated subcutaneously with 5-7 10(6) @entity1 @entity1 @entity788 cells. Thirty-six animals developed @entity5 and were randomly divided into three groups: HIFU (n=18), sham treatment (n=9) and control (n=9). The sonographic appearance of the @entity5 during therapy was recorded. After therapy, the @entity5 were examined transcutaneously by ultrasound every 4 days for 4 weeks. Tissue samples were taken from the treatment sites and histopathologically examined by light or electron microscopy. Two weeks after HIFU treatment, a 100% reduction in @entity5 volume was observed in all animals in the HIFU group, whereas @entity5 in the sham-treated and control groups continued to grow. Pathological examination of HIFU-treated @entity5 tissue samples showed @entity39 in the @entity5 . Our results indicate that HIFU appears to be an effective therapy for @entity5 in an athymic nude @entity19 model. Thus, the treatment may hold promise for the clinical treatment of late-stage and recurrent @entity788 .

title: Treatment of @entity788 in a nude XXXX model using high-intensity focused ultrasound.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['complete coagulation necrosis']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'pancreatic tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2 is observer dependent and time-consuming but an important component of radiology and radiation oncology workflow. The objective of this study was to generate an automated @entity2 measurement tool for segmentation of pulmonary @entity3 from x-ray computed tomography (CT) images to improve reproducibility and decrease the time required to segment @entity5 boundaries. METHODS: The authors developed an automated @entity2 segmentation algorithm for volumetric image analysis of chest CT images using shape constrained Otsu multithresholding (SCOMT) and sparse field active surface (SFAS) algorithms. The observer was required to select the @entity5 center and the SCOMT algorithm subsequently created an initial surface that was deformed using level set SFAS to minimize the total energy consisting of mean separation, edge, partial volume, rolling, distribution, background, shape, volume, smoothness, and curvature energies. RESULTS: The proposed segmentation algorithm was compared to manual segmentation whereby 21 @entity5 were evaluated using one-dimensional (1D) response evaluation criteria in @entity5 (RECIST), two-dimensional (2D) World Health Organization (WHO), and 3D volume measurements. Linear regression goodness-of-fit measures (r(2)   =   0.63, p   <   0.0001; r(2)   =   0.87, p   <   0.0001; and r(2)   =   0.96, p   <   0.0001), and Pearson correlation coefficients (r   =   0.79, p   <   0.0001; r   =   0.93, p   <   0.0001; and r   =   0.98, p   <   0.0001) for 1D, 2D, and 3D measurements, respectively, showed significant correlations between manual and algorithm results. Intra-observer intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) demonstrated high reproducibility for algorithm (0.989-0.995, 0.996-0.997, and 0.999-0.999) and manual measurements (0.975-0.993, 0.985-0.993, and 0.980-0.992) for 1D, 2D, and 3D measurements, respectively. The intra-observer coefficient of variation (CV%) was low for algorithm (3.09%-4.67%, 4.85%-5.84%, and 5.65%-5.88%) and manual observers (4.20%-6.61%, 8.14%-9.57%, and 14.57%-21.61%) for 1D, 2D, and 3D measurements, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The authors developed an automated segmentation algorithm requiring only that the operator select the @entity5 to measure pulmonary @entity3 in 1D, 2D, and 3D. Algorithm and manual measurements were significantly correlated. Since the algorithm segmentation involves selection of a single seed point, it resulted in reduced intra-observer variability and decreased time, for making the measurements.

title: Three-dimensional XXXX segmentation from x-ray computed tomography using sparse field active models.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'solid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Manual segmentation of lung tumors', 'lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung tumor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Primary @entity5 comprise between 10 and 15% of all @entity1221 . Classically are classified into three groups, based on its location; namely: extradural, intradural extramedullary, and intramedurally @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We review retrospectively 173 intradural @entity5 (in 168 @entity1 ) operated between 1980-2004. Age, sex, duration and type of symptoms, topographical locations, radiological and surgical results, histological features and outcome are analyzed. RESULTS: We treated 58 intramedullary @entity5 in 57 @entity1 (34 female and 23 male). The mean age was 61.4 years-old. In 12 cases the @entity5 was sited in the cervical tract, 33 cases in the dorsal tract, and 13 in the lumbo-sacral tract. The most common histological types were ependimomas (26 cases) and astrocitoma (16 cases). Total removal of the lesion was possible in 36 @entity1 (63.1%). In 111 @entity1 the @entity5 were extramedullary (64 females and 47 males) with a mean age of 55.2 years-old. The most frequent location was the dorsal tract (63 cases) and the most common histological types were @entity1653 (57 cases) and @entity808 (53 cases). Total removal of the lesion was possible in 109 @entity1 (98.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Determinants predictors of a good outcome after surgery for @entity4097 are histological type of @entity75 , and a satisfactory neurological status before surgery.

title: [Primary XXXX . An analysis of a series of 168 @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intraspinal tumours', 'tumours', 'spinal tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lesion, complete removal of the lesion']

entities_list: @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system tumours']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord tumours']

answer: @entity4097 :: (MESH:D013120,Disease) :: ['spinal cord tumours']


abstract: Laboratory-derived mucoid variants of @entity796 were selected by plating the standard PAO1 laboratory strain with bacteriophage. These mucoid variants formed two distinct groups of strains on the basis of phage typing. The first group had the same phage-typing pattern as the parent PAO1 strain, while the second group had a distinctly different phage-typing pattern. One strain from each group was assessed along with the parent PAO1 strain for its outer membrane protein (OMP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) profiles by @entity3208 -gel electrophoresis followed by appropriate staining. The mucoid derivatives were found to differ from the parent PAO1 nonmucoid strain in having lost a high-molecular-weight LPS species. Furthermore, the reversion of the mucoid strains to the nonmucoid phenotype was accompanied by a return of the missing high-molecular-weight LPS species. No observable difference between the mucoid derivatives and the parent nonmucoid strain was noted in the OMP profiles. The opposite was found in the case of four isolates of mucoid @entity796 from @entity1 with @entity1577 . Two OMP bands (of approximately 55 and 25 kilodaltons) were present in the mucoid isolates but missing in their sister nonmucoid strains. In the case of the @entity1577 isolates, no difference in the LPS profiles within mucoid-nonmucoid pairs was noted.

title: Comparison of the outer membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide profiles of mucoid and nonmucoid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: Early experience with living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) was often complicated by @entity715 ( @entity715 ), a devastating complication resulting in graft loss. Attempting to reduce the incidence of @entity715 , we undertook a retrospective review of all @entity1 at our institution undergoing LDLT between March 2000 and August 2007, with the hepatic artery @entity254 performed by a single microvascular surgeon. Transplant surgeons performed the remainder of the operation. @entity1 outcomes were evaluated, including 1-year arterial and biliary complications, as well as overall survival. End-to-end hepatic arterial anastomoses were performed in 35 @entity1 (median age: 15 months). Median posttransplant follow-up was 39 months (range: 0 to 90 months). One @entity1 with a @entity1003 was retransplanted for @entity715 ; this @entity1 also demonstrated portal and @entity99 . @entity253 occurred in seven @entity1 : three leaks, one @entity255 , one nonspecific dilatation, and two strictures. The median posttransplant follow-up was 39 months (range: 0 to 90 months). One- and 5-year @entity1 survival was 94% and 94%, respectively. Very low rates of @entity715 can be achieved with LDLT using microsurgical techniques for hepatic arterial anastomoses. Outstanding long-term liver graft function can be achieved after LDLT when plastic surgeons and transplant surgeons collaborate together to reduce technical complications.

title: Hepatic artery microvascular XXXX in pediatric living donor liver transplantation: a review of 35 consecutive cases by a single microvascular surgeon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic artery thrombosis', 'HAT']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['Biliary complications']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic vein thromboses']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity326 is one of the leading causes of @entity810 . The mechanisms of this injury remain mostly unknown notably because of the lack of data on renal histological lesions in @entity1 . METHODS: Kidney biopsy was performed immediately post-mortem in consecutive @entity1 who died of @entity326 . Comparisons were made with specimens from eight @entity1 who died of @entity130 on scene and nine ICU @entity1 that died of non-septic causes. RESULTS: Nineteen septic @entity1 were included, 11 were male, and age was 72 +/- 12 years. @entity1696 occurred in all @entity1 2.2 +/- 1.4 days before death. Seven @entity1 had disseminated @entity5642 . In all @entity1 we observed (1) acute tubular lesions whose intensity correlated with blood @entity880 concentration; (2) intense infiltration by leukocytes, mainly monocytic, in glomeruli and interstitial capillaries as compared to controls; (3) presence of tubular cell apoptosis proved by the presence of apoptotic bodies (2.9% of tubular cells) significantly more frequently than in controls and confirmed by TUNEL and activated @entity522 staining. Arteriolar/arterial @entity715 were observed in only 4 of 19 @entity1 , without any association with presence of disseminated @entity5642 . CONCLUSIONS: Kidney lesions in @entity326 go beyond those associated with simple acute @entity810 , notably capillary leukocytic infiltration and apoptosis. Vascular @entity715 , however, did not appear to play a major role in the majority of @entity1 . The extent to which these lesions are specific to @entity295 or are common to all multi-organ failure independent of its cause is yet to be elucidated. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00134-009-1723-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

title: Histopathology of XXXX induced @entity810 : apoptosis and leukocytic infiltration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock', 'Septic shock']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury', 'tubular injury']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: 1. Circulating levels of free @entity1718 ( @entity6334 ) and growth hormone (GH) were measured over a 24 hr period during the crop gland cycle of @entity22036 ( @entity22036 ). 2. Plasma @entity6334 levels showed a marked circadian rhythm (p less than 0.004) with the peak level (considerably higher than that previously reported in nonbreeding pigeons) occurring at approximately 2400 hr. 3. It is suggested that these elevated levels reflect the increased demands for energy during incubation and crop "curd" production. 4. Diurnal fluctuations of plasma GH synchronizing with those of plasma @entity6334 were not significant though peak concentrations were noted 4 hr previous to those of @entity6334 . 5. Pigeons studied 12 days after hatching of young had the lowest levels of both plasma GH (p less than 0.06) and @entity6334 (p less than 0.02) indicating their interacting relationship. 6. A consistently higher @entity6334 level (p less than 0.02) was observed in the crop glands of male pigeons.

title: Diurnal variation in circulating levels of free XXXX and growth hormone during crop gland activity in the pigeon ( @entity22036 ).

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity22036 :: ('8932', 'Species') :: ['domestic pigeons', 'Columba livia']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is a rather aggressive form of @entity0 , comprised by early @entity3 formation and reduced overall survival of the affected @entity1 . @entity22953 receptors and the @entity1 @entity1722 are not overexpressed, limiting therapeutic options. Therefore, new treatment options have to be investigated. The aim of our preliminary study was to detect coherences between some molecules of intracellular signal transduction pathways and survival of @entity1 with @entity0 , in order to obtain some hints for new therapeutical solutions. METHODS: Thirty-one paraffin-embedded @entity5 tissue samples, which were determined to be negative for @entity479 hormone receptors as well as @entity1 @entity1722 , were immunohistochemically stained for a number of signal transduction molecules from several signaling pathways. @entity3546 , @entity7738 , @entity11708 , @entity125 , @entity17656 , @entity5594 , and @entity403 were stained with specific antibodies, and their staining was correlated with @entity1 survival by Kaplan-Meier analyses. RESULTS: Only two of the investigated molecules have shown correlation with overall survival. Cytoplasmic staining of @entity7738 and centro-tumoral lymphocyte @entity403 staining showed statistically significant correlations with survival. CONCLUSION: The coherence of signal transduction molecules with survival of @entity1 with @entity0 is still controversially discussed in the literature. Our study comprises one more mosaic stone in the elucidation of these intracellular processes and their influences on @entity1 outcome. Lots of research still has to be done in this field, but it would be worthwhile as it may offer new therapeutic targets for a group of @entity1 with @entity0 , which is still hard to treat.

title: Do signal transduction cascades influence survival in triple-negative XXXX ? A preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'TNBC', 'Triple-negative breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity22953 :: ('CHEBI:26764', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor 2']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Treatment of @entity5929 ( @entity5929 ) has remained both problematic as well as controversial. Although the sheet anchor in treatment of @entity5929 remains @entity230 , various workers have tried oral antifungals ( @entity2380 and @entity2059 ) with encouraging results. This study evaluates the effect of @entity2380 or @entity2059 in the treatment of @entity5929 @entity1 and compares them with the @entity1 who had received palliative therapy other than antifungals. Case records of 44 proven cases of @entity5929 treated at our referral service hospital during February 1998 to April 2001 were analyzed. In addition to oral and inhaled bronchodilators, 16 @entity1 received @entity2380 150 mg OD and 13 @entity1 @entity2059 200 mg OD for six months. Response to therapy was assessed clinically, radiologically and by spirometry every 3 months. @entity1 who did not receive antifungals had chronic course characterized by @entity1224 , recurrent @entity358 and obstructive defect on pulmonary function test (PFT). @entity1 treated with @entity2059 had better control of @entity565 symptoms, less requirement of reliever inhalers, @entity230 and lesser exacerbations of @entity565 during follow-up even after stopping antifungal. @entity2380 group had better control of symptoms but improvement in other parameters was not statistically significant. From this study it was evident that @entity2059 improved the symptoms of @entity1224 , pulmonary functions, @entity358 and decreased exacerbations during follow up.

title: Treatment of @entity5929 with XXXX and @entity2059 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluconazole', 'fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary consolidation', 'pulmonary opacities']

entities_list: @entity5929 :: ('MESH:D001229', 'Disease') :: ['ABPA still', 'ABPA', 'allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity2380 :: (MESH:D015725,Chemical) :: ['Fluconazole']


abstract: Incorporation of @entity575 nanoparticles (AgNPs) into an increasing number of consumer products has led to concern over the potential ecological impacts of their unintended release to the environment. Dissolution is an important environmental transformation that affects the form and concentration of AgNPs in natural waters; however, studies on AgNP dissolution kinetics are complicated by @entity1423 . Herein, nanosphere lithography (NSL) was used to fabricate uniform arrays of AgNPs immobilized on glass substrates. Nanoparticle immobilization enabled controlled evaluation of AgNP dissolution in an air-saturated @entity1391 buffer (pH 7.0, 25   C) under variable @entity1219 concentrations in the absence of aggregation. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to monitor changes in particle morphology and dissolution. Over the first day of exposure to >= 10 mM @entity1219 , the in-plane AgNP shape changed from triangular to circular, the sidewalls steepened, the in-plane radius decreased by 5-11 nm, and the height increased by 6-12 nm. Subsequently, particle height and in-plane radius decreased at a constant rate over a 2-week period. Dissolution rates varied linearly from 0.4 to 2.2 nm/d over the 10-550 mM @entity1219 concentration range tested. @entity1219 -catalyzed dissolution of AgNPs may play an important role in AgNP fate in saline waters and biological media. This study demonstrates the utility of NSL and AFM for the direct investigation of unaggregated AgNP dissolution.

title: Controlled evaluation of XXXX nanoparticle dissolution using atomic force microscopy.

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['nanoparticle aggregation']

answer: @entity575 :: (MESH:D012834,Chemical) :: ['silver']


abstract: Exposure to @entity6701 ( @entity3759 ) nanoparticles (NPs) is associated with lung remodeling, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. @entity3334 is an important actor in matrix homeostasis and could therefore participate in @entity3759 NP effects. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of @entity3759 NPs on @entity3334 expression and activity in lung pulmonary fibroblasts and to understand the underlying mechanisms and assess the importance of the physicochemical characteristics of the particles in these effects. @entity1 pulmonary fibroblasts (MRC-5 cell line and primary cells) were exposed to 10 or 100  g/cm(2) @entity3759 (two anatases, two anatase/rutile mix, one rutile NP, and one micrometric) and @entity17244 (CB) NPs for 6 to 48 hours. We examined cell viability, @entity3334 expression and activity, and the implication of oxidative stress, transforming growth factor (TGF)-b, extracellular MMP inducer, and @entity1356 in @entity3334 expression. All @entity3759 NPs induced @entity3334 (mRNA and protein expression), repression of procollagen-1, and a-actin expression, but only the two anatase/rutile mix induced @entity3334 activity. Micrometric @entity3759 had smaller effects than @entity3759 NPs, and CB NPs did not induce @entity3334 . @entity3334 induction by @entity3759 NPs was not related to @entity2533 , oxidative stress, or EMPRIN expression but was related to @entity1356 expression, which partly drives @entity3334 induction by two @entity3759 NPs (one anatase/rutile mix and the rutile one). Taken together, our results show that @entity3759 NPs are potent inducers and regulators of @entity3334 expression and activity, partly via an @entity1356 -dependent mechanism. This may explain @entity3759 lung remodeling effects.

title: XXXX nanoparticles induce @entity3334 in @entity1 pulmonary fibroblasts partly via an @entity1356 -dependent mechanism.

entities_list: @entity3334 :: ('4312', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-1', 'Matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-1']

entities_list: @entity17244 :: ('MESH:D053260', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon black']

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium dioxide']

answer: @entity6701 :: (MESH:C009495,Chemical) :: ['Titanium dioxide']


abstract: @entity8709 ( @entity8709 ) is an uncommon entity that most commonly involves nasopharynx and upper repository tract. Involvement of GIT occurs in approximate 10% of cases. According to WHO plasma cell @entity5 have been classified into two main groups: @entity1582 and @entity6872 . Plasmacytoma includes solitary @entity6872 . @entity8709 can be either primary without evidence of bone marrow involvement or may occur simultaneously with @entity1582 representing extramedullary spread of the disease. It may occur in association with @entity1582 and it may precede, accompany or follow the onset of @entity1582 . Diagnosis of primary @entity8709 requires the exclusion of associated @entity1582 as shown by negative Bence Jones Proteins in urine, normal serum electrophoresis, normal bone marrow biopsy, normal skeletal survey and normal @entity460 levels. Here we present a case of 55-year male who came to Nephrology Department for @entity293 and @entity158 abdomen. @entity1 was referred to Radiology for ultrasonography which revealed @entity8 with a well-defined mass in the mesentry which was further confirmed on computed tomography. @entity1 was surgically operated and diagnosis of primary @entity8709 of mesentry was made on histopathological examination. Only three cases have been reported so far in the literature.

title: Primary isolated extramedullary XXXX of mesentry: a rare case report.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral renal parenchymal disease']

entities_list: @entity6872 :: ('MESH:D010954', 'Disease') :: ['plasmacytoma of bone and solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma', 'plasmacytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'Multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity8709 :: ('MESH:C537514', 'Disease') :: ['EMP', 'Extramedullary plasmacytoma']

answer: @entity6872 :: (MESH:D010954,Disease) :: ['plasmacytoma']


abstract: Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (bfCNs) which provide innervation to the hippocampus and cortex, are required for memory and learning, and are primarily affected in @entity195 ( @entity195 ), resulting in related @entity73 . Therefore generation of a source of bfCNs from @entity1 pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is crucial for in vitro disease modeling and development of novel @entity195 therapies. In addition, for the advancement of regenerative approaches there is a requirement for an accurate developmental model to study the neurogenesis and survival of this population. Here we demonstrate the efficient production of bfCNs, using a novel embryoid body (EB) based non-adherent differentiation (NAdD) protocol. We establish a specific basal forebrain neural stem cell (NSC) phenotype via expression of the basal forebrain transcription factors @entity7457 and @entity35083 , as well as the general forebrain marker @entity4011 . We present evidence that this lineage is achieved via recapitulation of embryonic events, with induction of intrinsic hedgehog signaling, through the use of a 3D non-adherent differentiation system. This is the first example of hPSC-derived basal forebrain-like NSCs, which are scalable via self-renewal in prolonged culture. Furthermore upon terminal differentiation these basal forebrain-like NSCs generate high numbers of cholinergic neurons expressing the specific markers @entity4268 , VACht and ISL1. These hPSC-derived bfCNs possess characteristics that are crucial in a model to study @entity195 related cholinergic @entity528 in the basal forebrain. Examples are expression of the therapeutic target @entity2251 ( @entity13714 ), the release of @entity934 , and demonstration of a mature, and functional electrophysiological profile. In conclusion, this work provides a renewable source of @entity1 functional bfCNs applicable for studying @entity195 specifically in the cholinergic system, and also provides a model of the key embryonic events in @entity1 bfCN development.

title: Stepwise, non-adherent differentiation of XXXX pluripotent stem cells to generate basal forebrain cholinergic neurons via hedgehog signaling.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Surgery is the treatment of choice for many @entity977 ; pituitary function may suffer after operation, but relief of pressure on the normal pituitary may also favor postoperative recovery of @entity4614 . The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of new appearance and recovery of @entity4614 after neurosurgery and try to identify features associated with it. Pre- and postoperative anterior pituitary functions were investigated in 234 @entity1 with @entity977 (56 nonfunctioning, 71 PRL-secreting, 66 GH-secreting, 39 ACTH-secreting, 1 LH/FSH-secreting, and 1 TSH-secreting @entity5 ). Eighty-eight new postoperative pituitary @entity1887 appeared in 52 @entity1 (12 NF, 14 PRL-secreting, 15 GH-secreting, 10 ACTH-secreting, and 1 LH/FSH-secreting @entity652 ). They corresponded to 27% ACTH deficiencies (in 29 of the 107 @entity1 with normal preoperative ACTH in whom postoperative evaluation was complete), 14.5% (15 of 103) new @entity2338 , 10.5% (15 of 143; P < 0.0005, significantly less than @entity16054 ) new @entity1220 , 16.5% (20 of 121) new @entity7103 , and 13% (9 of 71) new @entity2013 . Preoperatively, 93 were deficient in at least 1 pituitary hormone; after surgery, 45 (48%) recovered between 1 and 3 hormones. The 2 @entity1 with LH/FSH- and TSH-secreting macroadenomas did not recover pituitary function. Factors associated with a higher probability of postoperative pituitary function recovery were: no @entity5 rests on postoperative pituitary imaging (P = 0.001) and no neurosurgical (P = 0.001) or pathological evidence (P = 0.049) of an invasive nature. @entity5 size did not differ significantly between those who did and those who did not recover pituitary function after surgery. Even if clear hypofunction is observed at initial work-up, @entity1 should be reassessed after surgery without substitution therapy, because practically half the preoperative @entity7961 recover postoperatively, eliminating the need for life-long substitution therapy.

title: Recovery of @entity4614 after neurosurgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['GH deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity7103 :: ('MESH:C535764', 'Disease') :: ['gonadotropin deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['PRL deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary hormone deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity1220 :: ('MESH:D006964', 'Disease') :: ['TSH deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['hypofunctions']

entities_list: @entity16054 :: ('MESH:C562707', 'Disease') :: ['ACTH deficiency']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Pneumonia hospitalization and subsequent readmission among the elderly are frequent and costly both to @entity1 and to the Medicare trust fund. In this study, we explored the factors that are associated with states having @entity55 readmission rates that are higher than the U.S. national rate. PRIMARY PRACTICE SETTING(S): Acute inpatient hospital settings. METHODOLOGY AND SAMPLE: Fifty state-level data and multivariate regression analysis were used. The dependent variable @entity55 30-day readmission worse than U.S. rate was based on adult Medicare fee-for-service @entity1 hospitalized with a primary discharge diagnosis of @entity55 and for which a subsequent inpatient readmission occurred within 30 days of their last discharge. RESULTS: Two key variables--discharge information given to the @entity1 and giving correct initial antibiotic(s)--explain a decreased chance for states ranking "worse" on @entity55 30-day readmission. States with a higher percentage of White Medicare enrollees, a higher median income, more total days of care, and more Medicare enrollees with prescription drug coverage have a greater chance for @entity55 30-day readmission to be worse than the U.S. national rate. IMPLICATIONS FOR CASE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE: Case management interventions targeting (1) inpatient clinical processes on antibiotic treatment and (2) @entity1 discharge instructions may be more effective than other factors to improve state-level hospital performance on @entity55 30-day readmission. Improving @entity1 access to postdischarge medication(s) may not be as important a factor as are antibiotic treatment and @entity1 discharge preparedness. Hospital programs aimed to prevent readmission disparities should not overlook nonminority and higher income population groups.

title: Pneumonia rehospitalization of the Medicare fee-for-service XXXX : a state-level analysis: exploring 30-day readmission factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: AIM: To assess the relationships between growth factors, inflammatory cytokines and postnatal bone development in preterm @entity1 . METHODS: Fifty premature @entity1 (24-32 weeks gestational age, mean birth weight: 1,024 +/- 50 g) participated in the study. Bone strength was determined weekly by quantitative ultrasound measurements of bone @entity13350 ( @entity13350 ). Blood serum measurements of growth factors included circulating @entity442 and GH binding protein. Measurements of circulating cytokines included the pro-inflammatory mediator interleukin (IL)-6, and the anti-inflammatory mediator @entity1193 . Samples were collected when the preterm @entity1 were stabilized and prior to discharge. RESULTS: Despite a significant increase in body weight (from 1,024 +/- 50 to 2,420 +/- 59 g, p < 0.001) and body length (from 35.4 +/- 0.6 to 44.6 +/- 0.4 cm, p < 0.001) there was a significant decrease in bone @entity13350 during the follow-up period. There was a significant increase in growth factors and a decrease in inflammatory cytokines during the follow-up. @entity1 were divided into preterm @entity1 who increased bone @entity13350 ( @entity79 , n = 16, from 2,867 +/- 38 to 2,910 +/- 41 m/sec), or decreased bone @entity13350 (bone losers, n = 34, from 2,967 +/- 33 to 2,818 +/- 28 m/sec) during follow-up. Baseline bone @entity13350 was significantly lower in the @entity79 . Baseline circulating growth factors were higher and inflammatory cytokines lower in the @entity79 ; however, only the difference in @entity650 reached statistical significance (6.4 +/- 1.6 versus 10.5 +/- 1.2 pg/ml, in @entity79 and losers, respectively; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Preterm @entity1 with lower bone @entity13350 at birth tend to 'catch-up' during early postnatal weeks. Increases in bone strength in preterm @entity1 were associated with reduced inflammatory state as suggested by lower levels of circulating @entity650 .

title: Growth factors, inflammatory cytokines and postnatal bone strength in preterm XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity13350 :: ('MESH:D012135', 'Disease') :: ['SOS', 'speed of sound']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1 receptor antagonist']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone gainers']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) have an unpredictable clinical course, and molecular classification could provide better insights into prognosis and @entity1 -directed therapy. We hypothesized that in @entity157 , certain microenvironmental regions exist with a characteristic gene expression related to chronic @entity519 which would induce @entity146 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We determined the gene expression pattern for @entity1 HepG2 liver cells under chronic @entity519 by microarray analysis. Differentially expressed genes were selected and their clinical values were assessed. In our hypothesis-driven analysis, we included available independent microarray studies of @entity1 with @entity157 in one single analysis. Three microarray studies encompassing 272 @entity1 were used as training sets to determine a minimal prognostic gene set, and one recent study of 91 @entity1 was used for validation. RESULTS: Using computational methods, we identified seven genes (out of 3,592 differentially expressed under chronic @entity519 ) that showed correlation with poor prognostic indicators in all three training sets (65/139/73 @entity1 ) and this was validated in a fourth data set (91 @entity1 ). Retrospectively, the seven-gene set was associated with poor survival (hazard ratio, 1.39; P = 0.007) and early recurrence (hazard ratio, 2.92; P = 0.007) in 135 @entity1 . Moreover, using a @entity519 score based on this seven-gene set, we found that @entity1 with a score of >0.35 (n = 42) had a median survival of 307 days, whereas @entity1 with a score of < or =0.35 (n = 93) had a median survival of 1,602 days (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: We identified a unique, liver-specific, seven-gene signature associated with chronic @entity519 that correlates with poor prognosis in HCCs.

title: A seven-gene set associated with chronic @entity519 of prognostic importance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3335 ( @entity3335 ), @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ) and @entity2843 ( @entity2843 ) were shown to contribute to atherogenesis, while @entity1 @entity533 ( @entity533 ) protects against oxidative stress. Although several studies investigated these biomarkers, their associations have not been completely clarified yet. We aimed to investigate these parameters in @entity2973 , lipid-lowering therapy-naive @entity1 (n=167) with and without @entity455 . DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity3335 , @entity1495 and @entity2843 levels were measured by ELISA. @entity533 activities were detected spectrophotometrically. @entity533 phenotype was calculated by using a dual substrate method. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity455 ( @entity455 ) had significantly higher @entity3335 and @entity2843 levels compared to those without ( @entity1 with no @entity455 ; NVC) (728 (367.25-1177.90) mg/ml vs. 315.9 (176.05-687.40) mg/ml; p<0.001; and 172.7 (157.7-197.7) ng/ml vs. 152.6 (129.3-172.3) ng/ml; p<0.0001; respectively). @entity3335 levels showed a significant negative correlation with @entity533 arylesterase activity (whole @entity1 group (W): r=0.42, p<0.0001; @entity455 : r=0.44, p=0.01; NVC: r=0.39, p<0.0001) and positive correlations with @entity1495 (W: r=0.37, p<0.0001; @entity455 : r=0.29, p=0.07; NVC: r=0.42, p<0.0001) and @entity2843 (W: r=0.42, p<0.0001; @entity455 : r=0.33, p<0.05; NVC: r=0.41, p<0.0001), respectively. @entity533 arylesterase activity was found to be an independent predictor of @entity3335 levels in the whole @entity1 group ( @entity34590 , p<0.0001) or when studied separately in the subgroups with or without @entity65 ( @entity455 : b=-0.57, p<0.05; NVC: b=-0.33, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that parallel investigation of @entity3335 , @entity1495 and @entity2843 levels and @entity533 arylesterase activity may be a more accurate indicator of @entity731 , which may allow earlier treatment and therefore, improvement of treatment efficacy.

title: @entity533 arylesterase activity is an independent predictor of @entity3335 levels in overweight XXXX with or without @entity65 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['VC', 'vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['MPO', 'Myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity2973 :: ('MESH:D050177', 'Disease') :: ['overweight hyperlipidemic']

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-1', 'tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase-9']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies using knockout @entity19 document a key role for the integrin @entity31420 in promoting organ allograft rejection and graft-versus-host disease. However, a determination of whether blockade of the @entity31420 pathway represents a viable therapeutic strategy for intervention in these processes has proven problematic due to the lack of reagents that efficiently deplete @entity31420 (+) cells from wild type hosts. To circumvent this problem, in the present study, we invented an anti- @entity31420 immunotoxin (M290-SAP). We investigated whether M290-SAP has capacity to eliminate @entity31420 -expressing cells in vivo and protect transplanted islets from destroying by host immune cells. METHODS: Flow cytometry was used to analyze the efficacy of M290-SAP in depleting @entity31420 -expressing cells in vivo. Then using allogenic islet transplantation models as well as NOD @entity19 with recent onset type 1 @entity6 , the therapeutic efficacy of @entity31420 -expressing cell depletion was addressed. RESULTS: M290-SAP dramatically reduces the frequency and absolute numbers of @entity31420 -expressing leukocytes in peripheral lymphatic tissues of treated @entity19 . Balb/c islets transplanted into @entity3839 -induced @entity6 C57BL/6 @entity19 under single M290-SAP treatment showed an indefinite survival time compared with untreated @entity19 , M290-treated mice and IgG-SAP treated @entity19 (mean survival time, > 100 days vs. < 20 days). C57BL/6 islets transplanted into hyperglycemic NOD @entity19 under single M290-SAP treatment showed a pronounced delay in allograft rejection compared with untreated @entity19 (mean survival time 12 - 13 days vs. < 7 days). Immunological analysis of @entity19 with long-term islet allograft survival revealed an obvious @entity194 thymus and severe downregulation of alloimmunity of CD8 subpopulation response to allogenic stimulation. CONCLUSION: Regardless of the underlying mechanisms, these data document that depletion of @entity31420 -expressing cells represents a viable strategy for therapeutic intervention in islet allograft rejection.

title: Application of anti- XXXX immunotoxin for saving islet allograft in context of transplantation.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

answer: @entity31420 :: (16407(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD103']


abstract: AIM: Peripheral nerve regeneration is often blocked by scar formation and misdirection of axon sprouts. The aim of this study is to evaluate electrophysiological and histopathological effects of low-dose radiation therapy on the prevention of @entity2318 formation in @entity1897 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this experimental study, twenty @entity35 were randomly divided into two groups. Left sciatic nerves were exposed and clipped by temporary @entity439 clip for 5 minutes in both groups. In all animals, electrophysiological recordings were performed between 22-24 hours after @entity1930 . The control group was not given any treatment. In the experimental group, 700 cGy low-dose radiation was administered on the left sciatic nerves 24 hours after clipping. Six weeks after injury, electrophysiological recordings were performed in both groups and animals were sacrificed to evaluate the injured nerves histopathologically. RESULTS: We observed that low-dose radiotherapy increased the amplitude and improved latency measurements in electrophysiological examinations. Histopathologically, more @entity528 and vacuolization was observed in the control group comparing with the experimental group. Endoneural space increased slightly more in the control group than the experimental group. CONCLUSION: It was observed that low-dose radiotherapy may prevent @entity2318 formation and may improve electrophysiological recovery in @entity1930 performed in @entity35 .

title: The effects of low-dose radiation in the treatment of XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['intraneural scar']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1930 :: ('MESH:D020426', 'Disease') :: ['sciatic nerve injury']

answer: @entity1930 :: (MESH:D020426,Disease) :: ['sciatic nerve injury']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A single-center, retrospective study of 39 consecutive @entity1 with @entity8585 @entity1615 ( @entity1615 ), all operated by a single surgeon using identical surgical technique and type of instrumentation (pedicle screws). OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of implant density on coronal and sagittal correction in the treatment of @entity8585 @entity1615 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: There is an increasing trend in the use of pedicle screws in spinal corrective surgery. It is reported that decreased numbers of pedicle screws (low screw density) have no effects on the clinical outcomes for @entity1 with Lenke 1 @entity1615 . However, no previous studies have investigated the effects of reduced density of screw implantation on coronal correction and @entity1515 in @entity1 with @entity8585 @entity1615 . METHODS: Thirty-nine consecutive @entity1 with @entity8585 @entity1615 underwent single-stage posterior correction and instrumented spinal fusion with pedicle screw fixation between 2006 and 2010. The radiographs were analyzed before surgery, immediately after surgery, and at the 2-year follow-up. General information of @entity1 was recorded. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between implant density, coronal Cobb angle correction, and correction index (postoperative correction/preoperative curve flexibility). The relations between implant density and magnitude of coronal and sagittal curve correction were also investigated. RESULTS: The mean @entity1 age at the time of operation was 14.5 years. The mean preoperative lumbar curve of 48.5      9.2   was corrected to 13.7      7.2   (72% correction) at a 2-year follow-up. There was a significant correlation between implant density and curve correction (r = 0.43, P < 0.05). No correlation was detected between implant density and correction index (r = -0.21, P = 0.20), and there was also no correlation between implant density and magnitude of sagittal curve correction (r = 0.065, P = 0.693). CONCLUSION: Without curve flexibility taken into consideration, implant density is positively correlated with thoracolumbar or lumbar coronal Cobb curve correction. No significant correlation is found between screw density and correction index, if the effect of the flexibility was eliminated. There was no association between implant density and magnitude of sagittal curve correction before and after surgery.

title: Correction of @entity8585 XXXX using pedicle screw instrumentation: does implant density influence the correction?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['sagittal lumbar lordosis']

answer: @entity1615 :: (OMIM:181800,Disease) :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Gamma Knife Icon (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) allows frameless stereotactic treatment using a combination of cone beam computer tomography (CBCT), a thermoplastic mask system, and an infrared-based high-definition motion management (HDMM) camera system for @entity1 tracking during treatment. We report on the first @entity1 with @entity1653 at the left petrous bone treated with adaptive fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (a-gkFSRT). METHODS: The first @entity1 treated with Gamma Knife Icon at our institute received MR imaging for preplanning before treatment. For each treatment fraction, a daily CBCT was performed to verify the actual scull/ @entity5 position. The system automatically adapted the planned shot positions to the daily position and recalculated the dose distribution (online adaptive planning). During treatment, the HDMM system recorded the intrafractional @entity1 motion. Furthermore, the required times were recorded to define a clinical treatment slot. RESULTS: Total treatment time was around 20  min. @entity1 positioning needed 0.8  min, CBCT positioning plus acquisition 1.65  min, CT data processing and adaptive planning 2.66  min, and treatment 15.6  min. The differences for the five daily CBCTs compared to the reference are for rotation: -0.59     0.49  /0.18     0.20  /0.05     0.36   and for translation: 0.94     0.52 mm/-0.08     0.08  mm/-1.13     0.89  mm. Over all fractions, an intrafractional movement of 0.13     0.04  mm was observed. CONCLUSION: The Gamma Knife Icon allows combining the accuracy of the stereotactic Gamma Knife system with the flexibility of fractionated treatment with the mask system and CBCT. Furthermore, the Icon system introduces a new online @entity1 tracking system to the clinical routine. The interfractional accuracy of @entity1 positioning was controlled with a thermoplastic mask and CBCT.

title: Adaptive fractionated stereotactic Gamma Knife radiotherapy of  XXXX  using integrated stereotactic cone-beam-CT and adaptive re-planning (a-gkFSRT).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patient', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningioma']


abstract: Seventy-five @entity1 with recurrent @entity150 were randomized after electroresection to receive either @entity1259 (E) or @entity1259 + @entity1855 (E + V) instillation of the bladder at regular intervals for 2 years. Samples of the bladder wall, @entity5 tissue and peripheral blood were taken from 20 @entity1 . The average follow-up period was 21 months. Fifty per cent of the @entity1 in the E group and 37% in the E + V group developed recurrent @entity5 . Recurrence rates (RR) were 6.3 and 4.7, respectively. Before the instillation therapy the RR was 16.0. There was a highly significant reduction of RR during the instillation therapies; in group E p less than 0.005 and in group E + V p less than 0.001. The difference between the treatment groups was not statistically significant. @entity1855 increased @entity1259 concentrations in both the bladder wall and the @entity5 tissue, but did not affect concentrations in the peripheral blood. Side effects were few and did not lead to discontinuation of treatment.

title: Intravesical XXXX with and without @entity1855 for the prophylaxis of superficial @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['epirubicin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia is commonly used for elective caesarean section. Intrathecal injection produces rapid onset with minimal doses of local anaesthetic and epidural administration can be used to prolong the block. Our study examined the effects of adding @entity2400 to epidural @entity1341 and @entity3575 in @entity1 undergoing elective caesarean section using combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia. METHODS: @entity1 ASA physical status I or II at term were recruited. All received 2 mL intrathecal 0.5% hyperbaric @entity1341 , 10 mL epidural 0.25% plain @entity1341 with @entity3575 100  g, and were randomly allocated to receive either 10 mL of epidural 0.9% @entity2827 or 10 mL epidural 5% @entity2400 . The quality of surgical anaesthesia, incidence of @entity551 , Apgar scores, intraoperative @entity158 assessment, onset of @entity282 , sedation scores and side effects were recorded in the postoperative period. RESULTS: Ninety @entity1 were recruited. There was no difference in the time taken for the block to reach T4 sensory level, time to reach the highest level of sensory block, time interval between first neuraxial injection and onset of surgery between the groups. @entity1 who received @entity1760 had greater motor block and muscle relaxation (P<0.05). Apgar scores were 7 or more in almost all neonates in both groups. There was no significant difference in the incidence of @entity551 , @entity390 and @entity391 and duration of motor blockade between the groups. @entity1 who received @entity1760 showed less shivering and later onset of post operative @entity158 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The addition of @entity1760 to epidural @entity1341 and @entity3575 in @entity1 undergoing elective caesarean section with combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia improved intraoperative conditions and the quality of postoperative @entity1337 .

title: The effect of adding @entity2400 to epidural @entity1341 and XXXX in elective caesarean section using combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia: a prospective double blind randomised study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity2400 :: ('CHEBI:32599', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']


abstract: @entity12837 (LA) has been intensely investigated as a therapeutic agent for several diseases, including @entity99 and @entity3949 . However, the effects of LA or its reduced form, @entity26952 ( @entity8534 ), on @entity5 chemoprevention has never been reported. In the present study, we examined the effects of @entity8534 /LA on the production of @entity842 (NO) by @entity13633 ( @entity13633 ) and the formation of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) by @entity1996 ( @entity1996 ), two important mediators associated with @entity32 . @entity8534 /LA significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO and @entity1421 formation in RAW 264.7 cells. Meanwhile, treatment with @entity8534 /LA suppressed the expression of @entity13633 protein but, unexpectedly, did not affect or increase the expression of @entity1996 protein. The in vivo anti-inflammatory and antitumor-promoting activities were evaluated by a topical @entity864 ( @entity865 ) application to @entity19 skin with measurement of @entity4 formation, epidermal thickness and @entity273 production. @entity8534 significantly inhibited the priming and activation stages of @entity32 induced by a double @entity865 application, by decreasing the inflammatory parameters. Furthermore, @entity8534 inhibited @entity106 (0.3 micromol)/ @entity865 (2.0 nmol)-induced @entity1489 formation by reducing the @entity5 incidence and @entity5 multiplicity. When applied topically onto the shaven backs of @entity19 prior to @entity865 , @entity8534 markedly inhibited the expression of @entity13633 protein. @entity8534 also strongly and directly inhibited @entity1996 activity. These results suggest that @entity8534 can be a possible chemopreventive agent in @entity32 -associated tumorigenesis.

title: @entity26952 inhibits @entity1489 promotion through anti- XXXX and anti-oxidation.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'skin inflammation']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity26952 :: ('MESH:C015144', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrolipoic acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE(2)', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumor']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity12837 :: ('MESH:D008063', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-Lipoic acid']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic disorder']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aims of our study were to describe the CT findings of @entity9075 and to correlate these findings with the histopathologic subtypes and prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CT findings of @entity9075 were analyzed in 91 @entity1 who had undergone surgery between May 1995 and June 2002. Two observers, who were unaware of the histopathologic classification made in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations and the prognosis of the @entity5 , retrospectively reviewed the initial CT findings in terms of the contours and shapes of the @entity5 and the presence of @entity39 , @entity730 , mediastinal fat or great vessel invasion, pleural seeding, contrast enhancement, and @entity1600 . These findings were compared with the simplified subgroups of WHO histologic classification (low-risk @entity704 [types A, AB, and B1], high-risk @entity704 [types B2 and B3], and @entity704 [type C]) and with postoperative recurrence. RESULTS: The study found 31 low-risk @entity704 (eight type A, 16 type AB, and seven type B1 @entity5 ), 45 high-risk @entity704 (25 type B2 and 20 type B3), and 15 @entity704 (type C). Lobulated contour was more often seen in high-risk @entity704 (26/45, 58%; p = 0.0456) and @entity704 (10/15, 67%; p = 0.033) than in low-risk @entity704 (9/31, 29%). Mediastinal fat invasion was more often seen in @entity704 (5/15, 33%; p = 0.0133) than in low-risk @entity704 (1/31, 3%). Great vessel invasion was seen only in @entity704 (2/15, 13%; p = 0.0244). @entity5 with a lobulated or irregular contour, an oval shape, mediastinal fat or great vessel invasion, and pleural seeding showed significantly more frequent recurrence and @entity3 (all, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Although CT is of limited value in differentiating histologic subtypes according to the WHO classification, CT findings may serve as predictors of postoperative recurrence or @entity3 for the @entity9075 .

title: Does XXXX enable us to differentiate histologic subtypes and predict prognosis?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['thymomas', 'thymic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node enlargement']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity9075 :: ('MESH:C536905', 'Disease') :: ['thymic epithelial tumors']

answer: @entity9075 :: (MESH:C536905,Disease) :: ['CT of thymic epithelial tumors']