abstract: Effects of intravenously administered @entity3303 on CNS electrical activities were studied in @entity468 with surface and depth electrodes implanted chronically in the brain. @entity3303 was administered using a constant rate infusion pump. The changes induced in CNS electrical activities were correlated with the behavioral changes in the unrestrained freely moving state. During infusion of @entity3303 at the rate of 1 mg . kg-1 . min-1, a sequence of changes was observed: the initial stage was represented by diffuse EEG slowing and a @entity528 , associated with behavioral @entity308 ; the second stage by low-voltage fast-wave EEG and increase of @entity528 , associated with @entity2146 and/or @entity2437 behavior; the third stage by reappearance of slow-wave EEG and @entity528 , associated with a behavioral @entity308 ; and the fourth stage by an epileptiform EEG and increase of @entity528 associated with generalized tonic or @entity3173 . Higher rates of infusion, such as 4, 8, and 15 mg . kg-1 . min-1, diminished the manifestation of the signs of both electrographic and behavioral @entity308 , leaving the signs of excitation unaffected or somewhat enhanced. These findings support the widely prevailing view that recording the surface EEG is not valuable diagnostically in detecting the onset of local anesthetic intoxication, in that the preconvulsive CNS state can be represented by either a high-voltage slow-wave or low-voltage fast-wave pattern in the surface EEG.

title: The tetraphasic action of @entity3303 on CNS electrical activity and behavior in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity3173 :: ('MESH:D004830', 'Disease') :: ['tonic/clonic convulsions']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine', 'lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity2437 :: ('MESH:D012560', 'Disease') :: ['catatonic']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['decrease of reticular neuronal firing', 'reticular neuronal firing']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We undertook this study to evaluate the frequency and risk factors of @entity62 seen on T2-weighted MR imaging. We examined cohorts of neurologically nondiseased elderly subjects participating in a general-community study, the Helsinki (Finland) Aging Brain Study. Cohorts of consecutive subjects aged 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, and 85 years (n = 20, 18, 20, 18, 19, 18, and 15, respectively; total, n = 128) were divided into a young-old (age < 75 years, n = 76) group and an old-old (age > or = 75 years, n = 52) group. METHODS: Frequency of hyperintensities seen on T2-weighted axial and coronal MR images (0.02 T) was rated using a four-point scale in periventricular and centrum semiovale areas. RESULTS: The majority of the subjects showed only mild @entity62 , which were more frequent in the periventricular areas. Age was the most important factor to explain the presence of hyperintensities. A logistic regression analysis related periventricular hyperintensities in the entire group to central @entity194 (odds ratio [OR], 4.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7 to 12.9) and silent @entity1188 (OR, 5.6; 95% CI, 1.0 to 19.8); among the young-old, hyperintensities related to @entity6 (OR, 17.0; 95% CI, 1.9 to 154.2) and central @entity194 (OR, 14.7; 95% CI, 3.5 to 61.8). Centrum semiovale hyperintensities related in the entire group to @entity943 (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.0 to 15.5), central @entity194 (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.2 to 12.4), and silent @entity1188 (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.0 to 12.5). CONCLUSIONS: These mild @entity62 in the neurologically nondiseased elderly related especially to age and also to concomitant silent @entity1188 , @entity194 , and some vascular risk factors. The known factors, however, explained only part of the variation. The young-old and old-old groups showed different associations. In contrast to former assumptions, the presence of @entity62 among the aged is likely to be linked to other as yet unidentified age-related factors.

title: XXXX on MRI in the neurologically nondiseased elderly. Analysis of cohorts of consecutive subjects aged 55 to 85 years living at home.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter hyperintensities']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia']

answer: @entity62 :: (MESH:D056784,Disease) :: ['White matter hyperintensities']


abstract: Peripheral sources of cerebral vascular innervation have been investigated with retrograde and anterograde neuronal tracing of @entity3505 germ agglutinin conjugated with horseradish @entity3698 (WGA-HRP) in the @entity35 . For retrograde identification of sources of innervation, WGA-HRP was applied to the exposed basilar artery through a fine slit in the overlying meninges, and sections of brain and peripheral ganglia were reacted with @entity6416 for detection of the tracer. A high density of @entity6416 reaction product was observed around the basilar artery and in the surrounding pial tissue, but the application sites were not completely selective since some tracer always had spread into the ventral brain stem. Retrogradely labelled cell bodies were identified in the superior cervical, stellate, first and second spinal, and trigeminal ganglia, i.e. these ganglia may represent origins of basilar artery innervation. In a second series of experiments, microinjections of WGA-HRP were placed into the indicated ganglia to obtain anterograde labelling of nerve fibres on whole-mounts of the cerebral vessels. Injections into trigeminal ganglia labelled nerve fibres on the ipsilateral half of the circle of Willis, as well as the contralateral anterior cerebral artery and the rostral part of the basilar artery. The first and second spinal ganglia projected to the vertebrobasilar arteries, while the ipsilateral part of the internal carotid (outside the circle of Willis) received fibres from the second spinal ganglion. Nerve fibres originating in trigeminal and spinal ganglia were organised in bundles, and between these a sparse plexus of thin single fibres appeared. Injection of WGA-HRP into superior cervical ganglion labelled a plexus of nerve fibres on the ipsilateral circle of Willis and the (rostral) basilar artery. These experiments demonstrated the origin and distribution of sympathetic and sensory innervation to major cerebral arteries in the @entity35 .

title: Origin and distribution of cerebral vascular innervation from superior cervical, trigeminal and spinal ganglia investigated with retrograde and anterograde WGA-HRP tracing in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6416 :: ('MESH:C021758', 'Chemical') :: ['tetramethylbenzidine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: Intensive lipid-lowering treatment with @entity2993 reduced progression of @entity453 , confirmed by IVUS. To quantitate the effect of @entity2993 on the size and content of non-calcified coronary plaques (NCP) using multislice CT (MSCT) and by comparison of LDL @entity165 levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one subjects (16 males, 35-79 years, median 69) with NCP by MSCT (Light Speed Ultra 16, GE) were enrolled. All were asymptomatic thereby distinguishing NCP from thrombi in coronary arteries. Following LDL @entity165 measurements, all were given 10 mg of @entity2993 (2 were given 5 mg as LDL @entity165 levels were already <70 mg/dl) for 1 year, at which point MSCT and LDL @entity165 measurements were repeated. One remarkable NCP was selected in each subject and evaluated as representative of the effect of @entity2993 . The area and CT values for NCP, excluding calcified portions, were manually measured from axial source or multiplanar reconstruction images under the same conditions using an workstation (Virtual Place Advance Plus, AZE). RESULTS: Twenty-one NCPs (18 left anterior descending branch, 2 left circumflex branch, and 1 right coronary artery) were evaluated. Mean LDL @entity165 levels were 122 mg/dl at the first scan and significantly decreased to 96 mg/ml at the second scan (P<0.05). The NCP areas were 2-31 mm(2) (mean 11.8) at the first scan, and 2-32 mm(2) (mean 12.6) at the second scan. These differences were not significantly different. The averages of CT values were 15-91 HU (mean 55 HU) at the first scan and 38-114 HU (mean 62 HU) at the second scan. SDs of CT values of the two scans were 14-64 HU (mean 40 HU) and 20-68 HU (mean 45 HU), respectively. The averages and SDs of CT values were significantly higher in the second scan (P<0.05). There was a weak but significant positive correlation between ratios (%) of change in area to baseline area at first scan of NCPs (y) and LDL @entity165 levels (x) after 1 year of @entity2993 treatment (y=0.0106x-0.7265, R(2)=0.1514, R=0.39, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Using MSCT, we could quantitate the effect of @entity2993 to the size and content of NCP and compare those with LDL @entity165 levels. @entity2993 may decrease area of NCP if LDL @entity165 levels are sufficiently reduced. Also, it may increase CT values, which could suggest a change in NCP composition. LDL @entity165 levels may be an important factor in decreasing NCP area. Further studies are needed using 64-slice MSCT in a larger population exhibiting greater decreases in LDL @entity165 levels.

title: Quantitative effect of XXXX on size and content of non-calcified plaques of coronary arteries 1 year after @entity2993 treatment by multislice computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['Atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2993 :: (MESH:C065179,Chemical) :: ['atorvastatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the cause of misdiagnosis of lymph nodes in ultrasmall superparamagnetic @entity1933 (USPIO) enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using histological findings in @entity95 @entity5 and inflammatory models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six @entity95 were randomly divided into inflammatory and @entity5 groups. MRI of the popliteal fossa was performed before and 24 hours after USPIO administration. Diagnoses of popliteal lymph nodes were evaluated based on dedicated criteria and were compared with histological and electronic microscopic findings. RESULTS: There were 46 inflammatory and 26 metastatic lymph nodes. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the diagnosis of nodal @entity3 were 84.6%, 87.0%, 78.6%, and 90.9%, respectively. There were four false-negatives with subcapsular metastatic foci and six @entity550 and paracortex @entity1373 . Electron microscopy showed that in inflammatory nodes, cytophagic bubbles contain many USPIO particles, while in metastatic nodes they contained predominantly cellular residues. CONCLUSION: Diagnosis of lymph node @entity5 is largely determined by the location and number of @entity3 cells. A profound understanding of the physiological role of macrophages in nodes with @entity5 burden will contribute to better diagnoses for clinical application.

title: Possible pathological basis for false diagnoses of lymph nodes by USPIO-enhanced MRI in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['false-positives with predominant cortex']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic tumor']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: Cytokeratins 8, 18 and 19 are members of the cytoskeletal intermediate filament protein family. They are expressed in all simple epithelial tissues, including endometrium, and are recognised as dynamic structures that can be affected by numerous external factors. The Norplant system is a subdermal slow release levonorgestrel implant commonly used as a long-acting progestogen contraceptive. Norplant implants have been shown to have @entity3202 effects on endometrial epithelial and stromal cells, and cause a range of @entity1478 among users. The aim of this study is to describe changes in the immunohistochemical expression and distribution of cytokeratins 8, 18 and 19 in endometrial epithelial cells of Norplant implants users and normal menstrual cycle controls. Endometrial biopsies were collected from 65 control normal cycle @entity1 and 37 Norplant implants acceptors. The normal menstrual cycle was classified histologically into 9 stages; one menstrual, five proliferative and three secretory. Norplant implants @entity548 patterns were categorised into 6 groups according to current World Health Organisation (WHO) definitions; @entity4999 , frequent @entity548 , infrequent @entity548 , irregular @entity548 , "normal" @entity548 , and prolonged @entity548 . The tissues were fixed in @entity406 , embedded in paraffin, and stained immunohistochemically. Semi-quantitative scoring of the staining intensity was performed. Apical versus basal intracellular cytokeratin distribution was also evaluated. The staining intensity was significantly stronger in control endometrial tissue compared to Norplant implants tissue. In control tissues, cytokeratins were predominantly located in the apical region of epithelial cells (52% of biopsies) and in Norplant implants tissues they were predominantly distributed equally between the apical and basal portions of epithelial cells (43% of biopsies). There was no particular cytokeratin distribution pattern associated with the different stages of normal cycle or the different Norplant implants @entity548 patterns. It was concluded that long-term exposure to @entity2692 significantly reduced the cytokeratin expression in endometrial epithelial cells (P < 0.001).

title: Cytokeratins 8, 18 and 19 in endometrial epithelial cells during the normal menstrual cycle and in XXXX receiving Norplant.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity2692 :: ('MESH:D016912', 'Chemical') :: ['levonorgestrel']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial bleeding problems']

entities_list: @entity4999 :: ('MESH:C537962', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhoea']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relation of @entity263 risk-group stratification and the timing of biochemical failure (BF) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is not well defined. The authors hypothesized that @entity177 due to subclinical micrometastasis at presentation could be differentiated from late failures due to local persistence. METHODS: A total of 1833 @entity1 with clinically localized @entity263 treated with 3D-conformal radiotherapy with or without short-term @entity342 deprivation were retrospectively analyzed. By using American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) and Phoenix (Nadir+2) definitions (developed at the ASTRO-RTOG [Radiation Therapy Oncology Group] consensus meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, January 21, 2005), the interval hazard rates of BF and @entity3 were determined for @entity1 with low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk disease. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 67 months. Multivariate analysis showed that increasing risk group was independently associated with higher ASTRO BF (P < .0001) and Nadir+2 BF (P < .0001). The preponderance (87%) of ASTRO BF occurred <or=4 years after radiotherapy, whereas Nadir+2 BF was more evenly spread over Years 1-12, with 43% at >4 years. The hazard of Nadir+2 BF persisted in Years 8-12 in all risk groups. The interval hazard function for @entity3 appeared to be biphasic (early peak followed by a drop and late increase) for intermediate-risk and high-risk @entity1 , but no distinct early wave was evident for low-risk @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Because of backdating, ASTRO BF underestimates late BF. Local persistence of disease is suggested by delayed Nadir+2 BF and subsequent late @entity3 in every risk group. The paucity of early @entity3 among those with low-risk @entity5 supports the hypothesis that occult micrometastases contributed to the early wave.

title: Timing of biochemical failure and distant metastatic disease for low-, intermediate-, and high-risk XXXX after radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['early failures']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'distant metastasis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Normal uptake, transportation, and assimilation of primary nutrients are essential to plant growth. Tracheary elements (TEs) are tissues responsible for the transport of water and minerals and characterized by patterned secondary cell wall (SCW) thickening. Exocysts are involved in the regulation of SCW deposition by mediating the targeted transport of materials and enzymes to specific membrane areas. EXO70s are highly duplicated in plants and provide exocysts with functional specificity. In this study, we report the isolation of a @entity579 mutant rapid leaf senescence2 (rls2) that exhibits dwarfism, ferruginous spotted necrotic leaves, decreased hydraulic transport, and disordered primary nutrient assimilation. Histological analysis of rls2-1 mutants has indicated impaired cell expansion, collapsed vascular tissues, and irregular SCW deposition. Map-based cloning has revealed that @entity4531 encodes OsEXO70A1, which is one of the 47 members of EXO70s in @entity579 . @entity4531 was widely expressed and spatially restricted in vascular bundles. Subcellular localization analysis demonstrated that @entity4531 was present on both membrane and nuclear regions. Expression analysis revealed that mutations in rls2 triggers transcriptional fluctuation of orthologous EXO70 genes and affects genes involved in primary nutrient absorption and transport. In brief, our study revealed that @entity4531 is required for normal vascular bundle differentiation and primary nutrient assimilation.

title: Disruption of OsEXO70A1 Causes Irregular Vascular Bundles and Perturbs Mineral Nutrient Assimilation in XXXX .

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['Rice']


abstract: A new in vivo animal model that produces @entity1545 in sagittal plane rearward rotational acceleration has been developed. In this model, the skull of an anesthetized adult @entity35 is tightly secured to a rotating bar. During @entity130 , the bar is impacted by a striker that causes the bar and the animal head to rotate rearward; the acceleration phase last 0.4   ms and is followed by a rotation at constant speed and a gentle deceleration when the bar makes contact with a padded stop. The total head angle change is less than 30  . By adjusting the air pressure in the rifle used to accelerate the striker, resulting rotational acceleration between 0.3 and 2.1   Mrad/s(2) can be produced. Numerous combinations of @entity130 levels, post- @entity130 survival times, brain and serum retrieval, and tissue preparation techniques were adopted to characterize this new model. The @entity130 caused subdural bleedings in animals exposed to severe @entity130 . Staining brain tissue with b-Amyloid Precursor Protein antibodies and @entity10751 Neurosilver that detect degenerating axons revealed wide spread @entity21 ( @entity21 ) in the corpus callosum, the border between the corpus callosum and cortex and in tracts in the brain stem. The observed AIs were apparent only when the rotational acceleration level was moderate and above. On the contrary, only limited signs of contusion injuries were observed following @entity130 . Macrophage invasions, glial fibrillary acidic protein redistribution or @entity1184 , and blood brain barrier (BBB) changes were unusual. S100 serum analyses indicate that blood vessel and glia cell injuries occur following moderate levels of @entity130 despite the absence of obvious BBB injuries. We conclude that this rotational @entity130 model is capable of producing graded @entity21 , is repeatable and produces limited other types of @entity131 and as such is useful in the study of injury biomechanics, diagnostics, and treatment strategies following diffuse @entity21 .

title: A new model to produce sagittal plane rotational induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['AI', 'axonal injury', 'axonal injuries']

answer: @entity21 :: (MESH:D001480,Disease) :: ['diffuse axonal injuries']


abstract: We reviewed 41 knees at a mean of 4 years after arthroscopic lateral release of the extensor mechanism. The operations were performed for recurrent complete dislocation, not for subluxation, maltracking, or lateral pressure syndrome. Thirty-three of these knees were reviewed again 8 years after operation. There were 39% excellent results according to the criteria of Crosby and Insall at 4 years and 30% at 8 years. Patellar stability improved between 4 and 8 years (p < 0.01). The results in @entity1 with subluxation of the patella on extension of the knee or generalized @entity10089 were poor; five of seven @entity1 with these conditions were worse and had undergone another operation. With these conditions excluded, the excellent results decreased from 50% after 4 years to 37% after 8 years. The results of lateral release are better than those reported after other procedures. It is concluded that arthroscopic lateral release is the procedure of choice for @entity1 with recurrent complete @entity12351 unless there is abnormal @entity10089 or subluxation on extension. The operation should not be performed in the presence of these conditions.

title: The results of arthroscopic lateral release of the extensor mechanism for recurrent XXXX after 8 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12351 :: ('MESH:C538081', 'Disease') :: ['dislocation of the patella']

entities_list: @entity10089 :: ('MESH:C536012', 'Disease') :: ['ligament laxity']

answer: @entity12351 :: (MESH:C538081,Disease) :: ['dislocation of the patella']


abstract: 1. The effects of time and of @entity3352 on contractile responses of the @entity840 gall bladder were studied in vitro. 2. The tissues contracted to field stimulation at 5 Hz (in the absence and presence of @entity3897 10(-6) M). @entity1063 (10(-5) M), @entity934 (10(-5) M), and @entity6883 ( @entity855 , 10(-4) M); the magnitude of the contractile responses increased with time. 3. @entity3044 10(-5) M either relaxed (17 of 23 preparations tested) or had no effect on gall bladder strips. 4. The responses of strips of @entity840 gall bladder to field stimulation at 5 Hz (in the absence or presence of @entity3897 10(-6) M), @entity1063 (10(-5) M), and @entity934 (10(-5) M) obtained 4 h 45 min after setting up the tissue were reduced following incubation with @entity3352 (7.9 x 10(-6) M for 1 h). The responses to @entity3044 (10(-5) M) and to @entity855 (10(-4) M) were abolished by incubation with @entity3352 . 5. These results suggest that, in the @entity840 gall bladder in vitro, the magnitude of the contractile responses to field stimulation at 5 Hz, @entity1063 (10(-5) M), and @entity934 (10(-5) M) and the ability of the tissue to respond to @entity3044 (10(-5) M) and @entity855 (10(-4) M), may be dependent on the synthesis of a @entity3009 -like substance.

title: The effects of time and XXXX on contractile responses of the @entity840 gall bladder in vitro.

entities_list: @entity6883 :: ('CHEBI:15422', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 5'-triphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['(-)-Isoprenaline', '(-)-isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['(-)-noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity3352 :: (MESH:D007213,Chemical) :: ['indomethacin']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case Study Series. INTRODUCTION: Restriction of @entity717 may be required for effective management and rehabilitation of the upper limb after @entity130 . PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To compare the effectiveness of four splints in restricting @entity717 . METHODS: Muenster, Sugartong, antipronation distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ), and standard wrist splints were fabricated for five healthy @entity1 . Active range of motion (AROM) in forearm pronation and supination was measured with a goniometer for each splint, at the initial point of sensory feedback and during exertion of maximal force. RESULTS: Repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated significant differences between splints for all four AROM measures. Post hoc paired t-tests showed that the Sugartong splint was significantly more restrictive in pronation than the Muenster splint. The antipronation DRUJ splint provided significantly greater restriction in pronation than the standard wrist splint. No splints immobilized the forearm completely. CONCLUSIONS: The Sugartong splint is recommended for maximal restriction in pronation, but individual @entity1 characteristics require consideration in splint choice. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

title: A comparative study of splint effectiveness in limiting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['forearm rotation']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['forearm rotation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to correlate the spectrum of radiologic and pathologic findings in a series of @entity1 with @entity4607 and known @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity4607 were diagnosed in 18 @entity1 with a primary @entity5 who had liver biopsy for evaluation of possible @entity3 . Prebiopsy imaging studies included CT in 16 @entity1 and sonography in 11. Imaging studies were reviewed retrospectively and correlated with findings at surgery and on pathologic examination. The @entity4607 were classified histologically by the degree of @entity384 of bile ducts within the lesion. RESULTS: Radiologically, @entity4607 presented a spectrum of findings including one or two circumscribed lesions (5-10 mm in diameter) in four @entity1 ; multiple (about five) lesions (approximately 5 mm each) in one @entity1 ; innumerable tiny, nearly uniform (2-5 mm) lesions in two @entity1 ; and innumerable lesions of varying size (2-15 mm) in three @entity1 . Among the @entity1 with innumerable lesions, the nodules were either uniformly or nonuniformly distributed throughout the liver. In all cases, the lesions were hypodense on contrast-enhanced CT scans and hypoechoic on sonograms. In eight @entity1 , the lesions were not visible by imaging but biopsies were done at surgery when single or multiple tiny nodules were noted on the liver surface. The diagnosis was made by either wedge or core-needle biopsy; fine-needle aspirations were nondiagnostic. Pathologic examination revealed single or multiple @entity4607 of varying sizes ranging from solid to largely cystic lesions; the degree of @entity384 did not correlate with imaging findings. Visibility on imaging correlated with larger lesion size; small surface lesions were usually occult. CONCLUSION: @entity4607 cause single or multiple nonspecific @entity99 that may mimic @entity3 . This diagnosis should be considered in @entity1 with a primary @entity5 when single or multiple small @entity99 are seen, regardless of uniformity of size or distribution.

title: The radiologic and pathologic spectrum of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesion', 'extrahepatic malignancy', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['cystic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['hamartomas', 'biliary hamartomas', 'Biliary hamartomas']

answer: @entity4607 :: (MESH:D006222,Disease) :: ['biliary hamartomas']


abstract: We performed a retrospective review of 45 consecutive @entity1 with metachronous multiple primary @entity2 who underwent resection between 1990 and 2009. Surgical treatment of the 1st @entity5 consisted of 39 lobectomies and 3 segmentectomies, and 3 wedge resections. The 2nd @entity5 was removed by means of a lobectomy in 9 @entity1 , a segmentectomy in 17 @entity1 , a wedge resection in 19 @entity1 . No postoperative mortality was observed. Histologic classification was similar in 86.4% of @entity1 and different in 13.6%. Postoperative stage of the 2nd @entity5 was IA in 31 @entity1 , IB in 7, IIA in 1, IIIA in 3, IIIB in 3. Median follow-up was 48.4 months after 2nd operation. The 5-year survival rate was 90.8% after 1st operation and 85.6% after 2nd operation. The 5-year survival rate in @entity1 with p-stage IA was 96.4%. @entity1 with @entity2 could have a favorable outcome. Thus we need careful follow-up of the @entity1 after treatment on the 1st @entity2 , and moreover an aggressive surgical treatment is recommended as long as their performance state or residual pulmonary function allows.

title: [Surgical treatment for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'metachronous lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['metachronous lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: 3D-constructive interference in steady state (3D-CISS) sequence has been used to assess the CSF pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate the additive value of 3D-CISS compared with conventional sequences in the diagnosis of obstructive membranes in @entity1276 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 134 @entity1 with @entity1276 underwent MR imaging examination with a 3T unit consisting of turbo spin-echo, 3D-CISS, and cine phase-contrast (cine PC) sequences. 3D-CISS was used to assess obstructive membranes in CSF pathways compared with other sequences. Cine PC, follow-up imaging, and surgical findings were used to confirm obstructive membranes. RESULTS: Comparing the number of noncommunicating cases by using the conventional and 3D-CISS images, we found 26 new cases (19.4%) of 134 cases that were previously misdiagnosed as communicating @entity1276 by conventional images. 3D-CISS sequence identified obstructive membranes invisible in other sequences, which facilitated selection of neuroendoscopy in the treatment of 31 @entity1 (23.1%) in total who would have been otherwise treated with shunt insertion. These @entity1 included 26 newly diagnosed noncommunicating cases after demonstration of intraventricular and/or fourth ventricular outlet membranes and 5 cases of communicating @entity1276 with obstructing cisternal membranes. There were obstructions of the foramina of Luschka in 22 of 26 newly found noncommunicating cases. CONCLUSIONS: Conventional sequences are insensitive to obstructive membranes in CSF pathways, especially in the fourth ventricular exit foramina and the basal cisterns. 3D-CISS sequence, revealing these obstructive membranes, can alter @entity1 treatment and prognosis.

title: Is all "communicating" XXXX really communicating? Prospective study on the value of 3D-constructive interference in steady state sequence at 3T.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: This chapter presents lists of HLA epitopes that have been defined to date. It also presents examples of reactions of mAb and eluted allosera with the class I, class II and MICAsingle antigen beads. To date, we have identified 110 class I epitopes, of which 47 were defined by mAbs and 63 by alloantibodies that were eluted from rHLA class I single antigen cell lines. We listed 34 epitopes shared by the @entity1529 locus antigens, 44 epitopes shared by @entity1530 locus antigens, 4 epitopes shared by @entity18698 locus antigens, 20 inter-locus epitopes shared by @entity1529 -B locus antigens, 5 inter-locus epitopes shared by @entity1530 -C locus antigens and 3 inter-locus epitopes shared by @entity1529 -B-C locus antigens. Sixty HLA-DR epitopes have been defined mostly by one @entity535 (aa) residue on the HLA-DR beta chain. Eighteen HLA-DQ epitopes have been defined on the HLA-DQB chain and on the HLA-DQA chain of the HLA-DQ antigens. A few DQ epitopes were defined by one aa residue. However, most can be defined by several alternative combinations of aa residues. DQA and DP epitopes--few in number at this time--were identified. Only seven @entity1531 epitopes have been defined to date. All epitopes can be defined by an exclusive @entity535 .

title: Epitopes of HLA-A, B, C, DR, DQ, DP and XXXX antigens.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity1531 :: (100507436,Gene) :: ['MICA']


abstract: vnfG and anfG encode the delta subunits of alternative nitrogenases 2 and 3 in @entity1486 , respectively. As a first step towards elucidating the role of these subunits, diazotrophic growth and @entity14493 reduction studies were conducted on mutants containing alterations in the genes encoding these subunits. Mutants containing a stop codon (C36stop) or an in-frame deletion in anfG were unable to grow in N-free, Mo-deficient medium (Anf-). Mutants in which @entity462 36 of AnfG (a residue conserved between VnfG and AnfG) was changed to Ala or Ser were Anf+. Thus, this conserved @entity462 is not essential for the function of AnfG in dinitrogenase 3. A mutant with a stop codon in vnfG (C17stop) grew after a lag of 25 h in N-free, Mo-deficient medium containing @entity18251 . However, a Nif- Anf- strain with this mutation was unable to grow under these conditions. This shows that the vnfG gene product is required for nitrogenase 2-dependent growth. Strains with mutations in vnfG and anfG reduced @entity14493 to different degrees. This indicates that the delta subunits are not required for @entity14493 reduction by nitrogenases 2 and 3.

title: The genes encoding the delta subunits of dinitrogenases 2 and 3 are required for mo-independent diazotrophic growth by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14493 :: ('MESH:D000114', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylene']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Species') :: ['Azotobacter vinelandii']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Species) :: ['Azotobacter vinelandii']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This population based study investigated the relationship between use of selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and @entity173 in the elderly in Taiwan. METHODS: Analysis of a random sample of 1 million insurance enrollees' data identified 4,891 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity173 and 4,891 controls without @entity173 between 2000 and 2011. Both cases and controls were >= 65  years of age and were matched by sex, age, comorbidities, and index year of @entity173 diagnosis. @entity1 were considered current SSRI users if their last SSRI tablet was taken <= 7  days before the @entity173 diagnosis. Late use of SSRIs was defined as taking the last SSRI tablet >= 8  days before the @entity173 diagnosis. Non-SSRI users comprised individuals who never had an SSRI prescription. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for @entity173 associated with SSRI use was estimated by multivariate unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: After adjustment for covariants, multivariate regression analysis showed that the adjusted OR of @entity173 was 2.17 for current SSRI users (95% CI: 1.60-2.93) compared with those who never used SSRIs. The adjusted OR was 1.11 for individuals with late use of SSRIs (95% CI: 0.96-1.28) and was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Current use of SSRIs was associated with a 2.17-fold increase in the odds of @entity173 in the elderly in Taiwan. Clinicians should consider the possibility of @entity18060 -associated @entity173 among old @entity1 currently taking SSRIs.

title: Use of Selective XXXX Reuptake Inhibitors and Risk of Hip Fracture in the Elderly: A Case-Control Study in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['Serotonin']


abstract: Aspiration can result from @entity425 or @entity912 of laryngopharyngeal muscles after lower motor neuron disorders (e.g., @entity64 ) or unchecked @entity354 . We submit that rehabilitation of the finely tuned swallowing mechanism should provide at least restoration of the normal dynamic relationships between glottic closure and cricopharyngeal relaxation. In three @entity235 under general endotracheal anesthesia, the recurrent laryngeal nerves and the pharyngeal musculature were exposed through a midline cervical incision. A tracheotomy was performed to allow unhindered laryngoscopic exposure of the vocal cords. A no. 9 endotracheal tube passed through the upper esophageal sphincter was used as a pressure transducer by saline inflation of its cuff and linked to an oscilloscope. The cricopharyngeus was placed under baseline tension with pulse trains administered by an intramuscular needle with a circuit previously used for agonist/antagonist coupling of reinnervated facial musculature. A second output channel was linked to the contralateral recurrent laryngeal nerve by a bipolar electrode. As the pulse width of the current to the recurrent laryngeal nerve increased, that to the cricopharyngeus was reciprocally decreased, producing snug glottic closure and synchronous cricopharyngeal relaxation. Results were documented on videotape. These findings were highly reproducible. We believe that the novel approach proposed in the current model offers an attractive solution to long-term aspiration problems resulting from an imbalance between vocal cord and cricopharyngeal activities.

title: Electronic integration of glottic closure and circopharyngeal relaxation for the control of aspiration: a XXXX study.

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscular weakness']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: @entity9 is a @entity1118 state resulting from @entity1897 , characterized by @entity1931 and @entity1931 . We have reported that @entity19 with @entity74 of @entity5003 signaling display attenuated @entity9 behavior and ectopic neuronal activity. In order to substantiate the role of @entity5003 in @entity9 , @entity7097 @entity19 were implanted subcutaneously with osmotic micropumps containing either @entity18995 or vehicle. Two days following the implantation, two models of @entity9 were used; @entity128 (spinal nerve transection, SNT), or complete nerve cut (spinal @entity2950 model). Mechanosensitivity was assessed seven consecutive days following SNT, and on day 7 recordings of spontaneous ectopic activity were performed. In the spinal nerve @entity2950 model, autotomy scores were recorded up to 35 days. Vehicle-treated @entity19 developed significant @entity1931 and autotomy, and clear ectopic activity (4.1  1.1% of the axons); whereas @entity18995 -treated @entity19 did not display allodynic response, displayed delayed onset of autotomy and markedly reduced severity of autotomy scores, and displayed reduced spontaneous activity (0.8  0.4% of the axons). To test whether @entity5003 is involved in maintenance of mechanical @entity1931 , a separate group of @entity7097 @entity19 was treated with a single injection of either saline or @entity18995 four days following SNT, after the allodynic response was already manifested. Whereas saline-treated @entity19 displayed robust @entity1931 , acute @entity18995 treatment induced long-lasting attenuation of the allodynic response. The results support our hypothesis that @entity5003 signaling plays an important role in @entity9 and in the ectopic neuronal activity that underling its development.

title: Chronic blockade of @entity5003 ( XXXX ) prevents and attenuates @entity9 behavior and spontaneous ectopic neuronal activity following @entity128 .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia', 'hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['partial nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic impairment']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'Neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity5003 :: (111343(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-1']


abstract: This study investigated the association between positive genetic diagnosis for @entity6069 mutations and @entity25 in Ashkenazi asymptomatic @entity1 . Seventy-three @entity1 , including 17 asymptomatic @entity6069 carriers and 20 non-carriers from the oncogenetic clinic, and 36 community controls, participated in a cross-sectional design. @entity1 completed sociodemographic, clinical, general @entity458 , @entity5 in their homes, and wore actigraphs for 5-7 nights. @entity25 was demonstrated in @entity5345 /2 carriers compared to non-carriers and controls [mean Pittsburgh @entity25 index (PSQI) total scores 7.29 +/- 4.34; 3.94 +/- 2.49; 4.21 +/- 2.80, respectively, P = 0.021] and poor @entity25 (PSQI total score >5) was significantly higher in carriers (53%) compared to non-carriers (20%) and controls (28%, P = 0.03). Based on actigraphic measures, sleep latency tended to be longer in carriers compared to counterparts, albeit not significantly. Increased @entity25 was related significantly to increased fatigue in the entire sample and in the control group; to @entity458 in the entire sample and in non-carriers; and to @entity5 in the entire sample. In carriers, @entity25 was related strongly but non-significantly to @entity1295 and @entity5 . Fatigue and carrier status were significant predictors of @entity25 , accounting for 15.7% of the variance. In conclusion, asymptomatic @entity5345 /2 carriers experience poor @entity25 compared to non-carriers and controls. Our study design is unique in that it offers insight regarding the nature of being an asymptomatic carrier, and affords the opportunity to examine factors that may contribute to the development of @entity22 in @entity1 at risk for @entity5344 .

title: Sleep disturbances in asymptomatic @entity5345 /2 mutation carriers: XXXX at high risk for @entity5344 .

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast-ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related worry (CRW), fatigue and sleep questionnaires', 'CRW']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue, psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Impaired global subjective sleep quality', 'sleep quality', 'sleep disturbance']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recently, notable progress has been made in the field of anesthesia drugs and airway management. RECENT FINDINGS: Anesthesia in @entity341 and in the emergency department is reviewed and guidelines are discussed. SUMMARY: Preoxygenation should be performed with high-flow @entity26 delivered through a tight-fitting face mask with a reservoir. @entity3652 may be the induction agent of choice in hemodynamically unstable @entity1 . The rocuronium antagonist @entity19271 may have the potential to make @entity2898 a first-line neuromuscular blocking agent in emergency induction. Experienced healthcare providers may consider prehospital anesthesia induction. Moderately experienced healthcare providers should optimize oxygenation, hasten hospital transfer and only try to intubate a @entity1 whose life is threatened. When intubation fails twice, ventilation should be performed with an alternative supraglottic airway or a bag-valve-mask device. Lesser experienced healthcare providers should completely refrain from intubation, optimize oxygenation, hasten hospital transfer and ventilate @entity1 only in life-threatening circumstances with a supraglottic airway or a bag-valve-mask device. Senior help should be sought early. In a 'cannot ventilate-cannot intubate' situation, a supraglottic airway should be employed and, if ventilation is still unsuccessful, a surgical airway should be performed. Capnography should be used in every ventilated @entity1 . Clinical practice is essential to retain anesthesia and airway management skills.

title: Anesthesia in XXXX and in the emergency department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['prehospital emergencies']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['Ketamine']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

entities_list: @entity19271 :: ('MESH:C453980', 'Chemical') :: ['sugammadex']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['prehospital emergencies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity697 caused by viruses is one of the leading causes of childhood morbidity. OBJECTIVE: The incidence and etiology of virus-associated @entity1902 during 2001-2005 in Gyeonggi province, South Korea was determined. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 10,028 stool specimens were analyzed with enzyme immunoassay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and @entity377 sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of genotype sequences was performed for each of four commonly detected viral pathogens. RESULTS: At least one viral agent was detected in 29.0% (2908 of 10,028) of the stool samples. Among these, rotavirus was most numerous (66.7%) followed by norovirus (12.6%), astrovirus (11.9%), and enteric adenovirus (2.6%). Mixed @entity281 were identified in 180 cases (1.8%). @entity1 aged 1-5 years had the largest proportion 83.6% (2430 of 2908) of virus-positive stool specimens. Viral-mediated @entity1902 was most common from December to May. The most prevalent strains of rotavirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, and norovirus were G1 type, type 41, G1 type, and GII-1 type, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our finding showed the diversity of viral causative agents of @entity1902 and the prevalence of each @entity1902 -associated viral genotype in South Korea.

title: Viral etiology and incidence associated with XXXX in a 5-year survey in Gyeonggi province, South Korea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute gastroenteritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the immunosuppressant drug @entity205 ( @entity9472 ) are concurrently administered in @entity625 . Here, we investigated whether @entity3522 (non-selective inhibitor of @entity17203 , @entity9774 / @entity4665 ), @entity12698 (selective @entity4665 inhibitor) or @entity16539 (selective @entity9774 inhibitor) interact variably with hemodynamic effects of @entity9472 in conscious female @entity35 . Changes caused by @entity9472 (10 mg/kg i.v.) in blood pressure (BP), @entity299 (HRV) and myocardial contractility were assessed in absence and presence of individual NSAIDs (10 mg/kg each). Compared with vehicle values, @entity9472 caused immediate and sustained (i) increases in BP and decreases in pulse pressure index (PPI) and HR, (ii) elevations in left ventricular (LV) contractility (dP/dtmax ) and isovolumic relaxation constant (  au), and (iii) increases in the time and frequency domain indices of HRV and shifted the cardiac sympathovagal balance towards parasympathetic dominance. @entity9472 @entity101 was abolished in @entity35 pre-treated with @entity12698 and intensified in presence of @entity3522 or @entity16539 . Alternatively, the @entity9472 -evoked decreases in PPI, increases in HRV indices and cardiac parasympathetic dominance were blunted by @entity12698 in contrast to no effect for @entity3522 or @entity16539 . Similarly, @entity12698 , but not other NSAIDs, eliminated the elevated LV contractility (dP/dtmax ) and isovolumic relaxation constant (  au,   ), which reflect cardiac systolic and diastolic function, respectively, that accompanied the @entity9472 -induced pressure load. The data underscores the preferential capacity of selective @entity4665 inhibition by @entity12698 to mitigate @entity9472 @entity101 and consequent alterations in cardiac performance and autonomic balance. By contrast, @entity9472 effects are preserved or even exacerbated after @entity9774 inhibition. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Opposite Modulatory Effects of Selective and Non-Selective Cyclooxygenase Inhibition on Cardiovascular and Autonomic Consequences of @entity205 in Female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate (HR), HR variability']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The pathophysiology of @entity998 after cardiopulmonary bypass is incompletely understood, but @entity1887 has been proposed as a contributing factor. Our objective was to examine the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on the @entity2339 , specifically adrenal responsiveness, in @entity1 with @entity299 undergoing surgery. We hoped to correlate bound and free @entity701 values both postoperatively and after adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation, in conjunction with @entity8149 levels, with clinical outcomes to determine whether these variables are sensitive indicators of @entity774 function. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: A @entity1 's hospital. @entity1 : Fifty-two pediatric heart surgery @entity1 undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. INTERVENTION: Total @entity701 and @entity8149 levels were obtained pre- and postoperatively and after a postoperative cosyntropin stimulation test. Free @entity701 was calculated by using Coolens' method. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Nine of 51 (17.6%) @entity1 had low (<3  g/dL) baseline postoperative total @entity701 , median 1.6  g/dL, yet all nine had normal (>9  g/dL increase from postoperative baseline) stimulation tests. The @entity8149 levels declined from a mean of 29 mg/L preoperatively to 22 mg/L postoperatively (p < .001) and showed marked variability between @entity1 . @entity1 with free @entity701    >6  g/dL (n = 18, 35%) had a longer length of stay (median 9 vs. 5 days; p = .002), higher inotrope scores (median 13.3 vs. 10.8; p = .05), greater fluid requirement (median 73.5 vs. 55.6 mL/kg; p = .007), and longer ventilator times (median 41.5 vs. 20 hrs; p = .013). CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity1640 may play a role in @entity998 among @entity1 undergoing congenital heart surgery, using total @entity701 to investigate such dysfunction may be inadequate. Decreased @entity8149 levels and marked free @entity701 increase after stimulation were associated with worse clinical outcomes. Further investigation into the @entity701 - @entity8149 complex and its relationship to free @entity701 is necessary to examine the problem of @entity1887 from a more integrated perspective.

title: The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on the @entity2339 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8149 :: ('866', 'Gene') :: ['corticosteroid-binding globulin']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low-cardiac-output syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal axis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The frequency and timing of @entity876 inactivation in @entity31 ( @entity31 )-associated tumorigenesis were investigated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect @entity876 protein overexpression in 56 @entity189 and 40 @entity6349 epithelia derived from 58 @entity1 with @entity31 undergoing colectomy for @entity5 . @entity876 DNA in 25 of the @entity189 also was evaluated by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) to detect point mutations in exons 5-8 and by loss of heterozygosity analysis to detect allelic deletions. Point mutations were detected in 20 of the 25 @entity189 (80.0%) undergoing both IHC and DNA analysis. One @entity189 contained an allelic deletion but no mutations of the corresponding allele within the region tested. @entity876 overexpression occurred in 16 (76.2%) of the 21 @entity189 with point mutations and/or allelic deletions but not in any of those with wild type DNA. Of the 56 @entity189 evaluated by IHC, @entity876 overexpression occurred in 34 @entity189 (60.7%). The proportion of positive @entity5 was independent of stage, anatomic location, differentiation, and histological subtype. Overexpression was observed in nine of 20 @entity6349 masses devoid of and situated remote from @entity189 (45.0%) and correlated positively with increasing grade of @entity1141 (P < .025). In contrast, overexpression occurred in 16 of 20 @entity6349 epithelia situated adjacent to @entity189 (80.0%) and correlated with overexpression by the corresponding @entity189 but not with the grade of @entity1141 present (P = .013). It is concluded that @entity876 overexpression can be detected by IHC in most, although not all, @entity31 with @entity876 mutations and/or allelic deletions. Based on this method, @entity876 overexpression occurs frequently in @entity31 regardless of stage and pathological characteristics, in noncancerous @entity6349 masses with high grade @entity1141 , and in @entity1141 of all grades situated adjacent to @entity189 . These findings implicate @entity876 inactivation in the progression from @entity189 in @entity31 and suggest that its occurrence in @entity7944 may be an independent marker of malignant potential.

title: @entity876 protein expression in XXXX -associated colorectal dysplasia and carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC', 'UC-associated carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'dysplasia to carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7944 :: ('MESH:C536309', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic epithelium']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia', 'dysplasias']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: Corticosteroids remain the mainstay of the management of @entity1 with @entity1596 . Topical corticosteroids are effective in the control of anterior @entity1596 , but vary in strength, ocular penetration and side effect profile. Systemic corticosteroids are widely used for the management of @entity32 which requires treatment, particularly when it is associated with @entity262 or when bilateral @entity2194 is present. However, when @entity32 is unilateral, or is active in one eye only, local therapy has considerable advantages, and periocular injections of corticosteroid are a useful alternative to systemic medication and are very effective in controlling mild or moderate @entity32 . More recently, the injection of intraocular corticosteroids such as @entity2713 have been found to be effective in reducing macular @entity4 and improving vision in uveitic eyes which have proved refractory to systemic or periocular corticosteroids. The effect is usually transient, lasting around 3 months, but can be repeated although the side effects of @entity231 and raised intraocular pressure are increased in frequency with intraocular versus periocular corticosteroid injections. This has led to the development of new intraocular corticosteroid devices which are designed to deliver sustained-release drugs and obviate the need for systemic immunosuppressive treatment. The first such implant was Retisert, which is surgically implanted (in the operating theatre) and is designed to release @entity21289 over a period of about 30 months. More recently, Ozurdex, a 'bioerodible' @entity619 implant which can be inserted in an office setting, has completed phase III clinical trials in @entity1 with intermediate and posterior @entity1596 . This implant lasts approximately 6 months, and has been found to be effective with a much better side effect profile than Retisert or intravitreal @entity2713 injection, at least for one injection.

title: New developments in corticosteroid therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular inflammation', 'posterior segment inflammation', 'ocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular disease']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity21289 :: ('MESH:C035394', 'Chemical') :: ['fluocinolone']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Health status is a key outcome for comparing treatments, particularly when mortality does not differ significantly. METHODS AND RESULTS: Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 @entity6 (BARI 2D) randomized 2368 @entity1 with @entity6 and stable @entity741 to (1) prompt revascularization versus medical therapy and (2) insulin sensitization versus insulin provision. Randomization was stratified by the intended method of revascularization, coronary artery bypass graft surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention. The Duke Activity Status Index and RAND Energy, Health Distress, and Self-Rated Health scales were assessed at study entry and annually thereafter; linear mixed models were used to evaluate the effect of randomized treatment on these measures. Health status improved significantly from baseline to 1 year (P<0.001) in each randomized treatment group. Compared with medical therapy, prompt revascularization was associated with significantly greater improvements in Duke Activity Status Index (1.32 points; P<0.001), Energy (1.36 points; P=0.02), and Self-rated Health (1.77 points; P=0.007) but not Health Distress (-0.47; P=0.46). These treatment effects were largely maintained over 4 years of follow-up. The effect of revascularization on the Duke Activity Status Index was significantly larger in the subgroup of @entity1 intended for coronary artery bypass graft surgery compared with the subgroup intended for percutaneous coronary intervention. Health status did not differ significantly on any of the 4 measures between the insulin provision and insulin sensitization strategies. CONCLUSIONS: Prompt coronary revascularization was associated with small yet statistically significant improvements in health status compared with initial medical therapy among @entity1 with @entity6 and stable @entity741 . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00006305.

title: Health status after treatment for @entity6 in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 XXXX trial.

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: @entity1 suffering from severe @entity542 and @entity174 of long bones or large joints often show enhanced osteogenesis, with @entity1184 formation and/or @entity2736 . The advantage of this phenomenon is early consolidation of the @entity174 . An extreme disadvantage is extensive @entity730 , resulting in complete @entity3947 of the affected joint. In spite of numerous efforts aimed at clarifying the way in which severe @entity542 can influence osteogenesis at a distant site, this phenomenon is still not understood. The process, once started, seems irreversible, but if diagnosed in time, could be prevented with non- @entity134 anti-inflammatory drugs that inhibit development of @entity2736 . The major prerequisite for testing this possibility is to define parameters of an early diagnosis of enhanced osteogenesis. Thus, the aim of this study was to test whether serum values of some parameters related to bone regeneration could allow an early prediction of enhanced ossification following bone @entity174 in @entity1 with severe @entity542 . Samples of sera were obtained from three groups of injured @entity1 : @entity174 of long bones or large joints only (n = 6), severe @entity542 only (n = 8), severe @entity542 and @entity174 of long bones and large joints (n = 7) and from a group of apparently healthy volunteers (n = 10). The values for @entity623 ( @entity623 ), the bone isoenzyme, and the @entity1473 terminal propeptide of @entity4173 (PICP) were significantly higher (5-20 times as high) in @entity1 with severe @entity542 and bone or joint @entity174 than in any other group. Significantly increased concentrations of PICP were already found in the 1st week after injury, and those of @entity623 and of the bone isoenzyme increased during the 2nd week after injury. Results show that these parameters are helpful for an early diagnosis of enhanced osteogenesis and @entity2736 in @entity1 with severe @entity542 and @entity174 . Further studies are necessary to verify these findings, while analysis of reasons for the specific patterns of dynamic change of these parameters could lead to better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the uncontrolled bone formation.

title: Post-traumatic dynamic change of carboxyterminal propeptide of XXXX , @entity623 and its isoenzymes as predictors for enhanced osteogenesis in @entity1 with severe @entity542 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4173 :: ('1278', 'Gene') :: ['type I procollagen']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic callus']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['periarticular calcification']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossifications']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['alkaline phosphatase', 'ALP']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity4173 :: (1278,Gene) :: ['type I procollagen']


abstract: @entity2783 comprises a group of diseases characterized by the extracellular deposition of @entity1131 . This mechanism generates different clinical syndromes depending on the site and extent of organ involvement. @entity2783 is classified into categories of systemic and localized disease. @entity1582 is further subdivided into a hereditary familial form (for example, @entity20117 @entity2783 ), a reactive form ( @entity2783 ), dialysis-related (Abeta(2)M) @entity2783 @entity2015 ( @entity2015 ) @entity2783 . Treatment can be symptomatic, directed at the affected organ, or can be directed at reducing the production of the abnormal proteins with different strategies. Despite advances in treatment, the prognosis is still poor and depends on the underlying disease as well as the type and degree of dysfunction in involved organs. Early diagnosis is essential because @entity1 with @entity1442 are generally unable to undergo intensive therapy. @entity1 with @entity1582 often present to a rheumatologist not only because the disease can include @entity85 but also because it can be associated with chronic @entity627 . This Review discusses the clinical features of @entity2783 and its rheumatic manifestations. The various types of @entity2783 , as well their prognosis and treatment, are also presented.

title: XXXX : a challenge for the rheumatologist.

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['Amyloidosis', 'AA amyloidosis', 'amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['insoluble fibrillar proteins']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['systemic amyloidosis', 'Systemic amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal and articular symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2015 :: ('MESH:D004406', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'and immunoglobulin light chain']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['Systemic amyloidosis']


abstract: We report a recently encountered case of @entity11003 in the larynx. The @entity1 was a 76-year-old @entity1 with a chief complaint of hoarseness. Laryngoscopy revealed a bean-sized, @entity5 with a smooth surface, suspended from the right vocal cord toward the subglottis. Its border was clear on MR imaging. Tracheotomy was performed under local anesthesia, and laryngomicrosurgery was then carried out under general anesthesia. The @entity5 was encapsulated and could be completely resected. Histological study indicated smooth muscule cell proliferation, especially around capillaries, and the @entity5 was diagnosed as a @entity11003 . Our extensive survey of the literature revealed 20 reports of benign myogenic @entity5 of the larynx (9 cases of @entity2909 , 10 of @entity11003 , and 1 of @entity11004 ), many of which occurred in the middle and advanced years. The @entity1 consisted of 15 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 , including 9 male @entity11003 @entity1 of middle or advanced age. The site of occurrence was supraglottic in 12, glottic in 4 and subglottic in 4; no relation was observed with the histological picture, however. Treatment was surgical, and some cases also required tracheotomy depending on the site of occurrence and morphology.

title: [A case of XXXX in the larynx].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity11003 :: ('MESH:D018229', 'Disease') :: ['vascular leiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'reddish tumor']

entities_list: @entity11004 :: ('MESH:D018230', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['simple leiomyoma']

answer: @entity11003 :: (MESH:D018229,Disease) :: ['vascular leiomyoma']


abstract: Topical @entity4878 are used to treat photoaging; oral @entity10211 is gold standard for acne; "off label" indications, including photoaging, have been reported with insufficient evidence of efficacy. This is a randomized controlled phase II trial with clinical and histological assessment to evaluate efficacy and safety of oral @entity10211 for photoaging. Study population was comprised of 32 menopausal or sterilized @entity1 , aged 40-55, divided in 2 groups: A (21) received 20mg @entity10211 , 3 times per week, nightly moisturizer, and daily sunscreen, for three months; B (11) just moisturizer/sunscreen. Main outcome measures were: overall clinical assessment; profilometry, corneometer and elasticity tests in periocular regions and left forearm; before/after biopsies from left forearm in @entity1 of B and in 10 randomly selected of A. Microscopic blinded evaluation of epidermal thickness, @entity2652 , new collagen, @entity876 epidermal expression was performed by quantitative digital image analysis. All data were submitted to statistical analysis. Clinical evaluation showed slight improvement; profilometry, corneometer and skin elasticity tests presented significant difference in pre/post values (P = 0.001 to 0.028), but no differences between A/B. Histological findings and @entity876 expression were comparable between groups before treatment (P > 0.1); microscopic analysis showed no differences between groups for most variables, after treatment. Slight but significant difference between A/B for @entity876 with major reduction post @entity10211 [0.66+/-0.31 vs. 0.94+/-0.34 respectively (P = 0.04) was observed. There were minor side effects and no significant laboratory test alterations. We concluded that no significant clinical, microscopic changes but @entity876 epidermal expression reduction were observed. The role of ultra-violet induced @entity876 mutation in @entity105 reinforces retinoids chemoprevention. Oral @entity10211 seemed safe but not effective to treat photoaging. Caution should be considered for @entity1 prone to pregnancy. Further controlled studies are necessary.

title: A randomized and controlled trial about the use of oral XXXX for photoaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['dermal elastosis']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['isotretinoin']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['skin carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity10211 :: (MESH:D015474,Chemical) :: ['isotretinoin']


abstract: @entity2359 , @entity116 and the botulinum toxins A-G, are high molecular weight proteins consisting of a heavy chain which is responsible for the internalisation and a light chain possessing a @entity219 -dependent proteolytic activity. They exclusively proteolyse either the vesicle membrane protein, synaptobrevin or two integral plasma membrane proteins, @entity12252 and syntaxin. Together with cytosolic proteins these proteins form the SNARE complex involved in vesicle exocytosis, and their cleavage blocks the latter process. @entity2359 have now become powerful tools to investigate the final events occurring during secretion in neuronal, endocrine, and non-neuronal cells. They are applied to dissect the specific interactions of the SNARE protein complex with cytosolic fusogens and other modulators of exocytosis. Whereas exocytosis is not essential for the survival of cells, the organism as a whole will fall victim to a few nanograms since interneuronal and neuromuscular transmission is vital to muscular control, especially in respiration. Although all @entity2359 by their light chains attack proteins of the SNARE complex, @entity116 toxin and the various botulinum toxins differ dramatically in their clinical symptoms. The biological information for this difference resides on the respective heavy chains which select different transport routes carrying the light chain from the place of entrance to the final compartment of action. So far the different transport vesicles used either by the various botulinum @entity2359 or by @entity116 toxin are not yet defined. Nevertheless at least one of the botulinum toxins serves as a beneficial drug in the treatment of severe @entity4094 .

title: Molecular aspects of XXXX and botulinum neurotoxin poisoning.

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular spasms']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['clostridial neurotoxins', 'Clostridial neurotoxins', 'neurotoxins']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['tetanus']


abstract: Overwhelming data indicate that individuals with even mildly elevated blood pressure (BP) are at great risk for developing clinical @entity101 and future @entity65 ( @entity65 ). There remains a lack of consensus regarding treatment strategies for mildly elevated BP, termed @entity1556 , and the knowledge of pathophysiology and mechanisms of its clinical outcomes remains limited. Our primary aim was to investigate bAR-mediated @entity32 control (BARIC) responses of blood monocytes to @entity3044 ( @entity8670 ) in relation to BP and @entity65 risk factors, including @entity28 , @entity308 mood, fasting @entity413 , @entity1674 , and @entity165 levels in the 64 prehypertensive compared to 84 individuals with normal BP. BARIC was determined by measuring the degree of inhibition in lipopolysaccharides-stimulated monocytic intracellular @entity310 production by ex vivo @entity8670 treatment (10(-8)M). @entity308 mood was assessed by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Fasting metabolic and lipid panels were assessed, and plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines @entity310 , @entity1356 , @entity650 were measured in a subset to confirm proinflammatory state of prehypertensive @entity1 . Prehypertensive @entity1 were older, heavier, included more @entity1 , and presented higher levels of fasting @entity413 , @entity1674 , @entity165 , and plasma @entity310 compared to normotensive @entity1 (p's<.05). BARIC was significantly attenuated in the prehypertensive compared to normotensive group (p<.05). BARIC was negatively associated with systolic BP, diastolic BP, age, BMI, fasting @entity413 , @entity1674 , total and low density @entity165 levels, and somatic @entity308 in all @entity1 (p's<.0001 to .05). However, among the prehypertensive individuals BARIC was positively associated with @entity13519 even after controlling for the covariates (age, gender, race, BMI, @entity413 and lipid panel, somatic BDI scores) (p<.05). This differing nature of the BARIC- @entity13519 relationship between the two BP groups may be attributed to moderating factors such as @entity308 that could not be clearly deciphered in this current study. Nonetheless, our findings indicate the associations between @entity32 dysregulation mediated by sympathoadrenal activation and BP that is observable even among individuals with normal to mildly elevated BP. BARIC may be a useful and sensitive indicator of elevated risk for vascular inflammatory disease that can be detected even at lower BP levels, especially given its associations with traditional @entity65 risk factors and the critical role of monocytes in atherogenic processes.

title: Beta-adrenergic receptor mediated @entity32 control by monocytes is associated with blood pressure and risk factors for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressive', 'cardiorespiratory fitness or depressive symptoms', 'depressive symptoms', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1556 :: ('MESH:D058246', 'Disease') :: ['prehypertension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Mixed evidence exists regarding whether @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) @entity1 show increased somatic @entity158 perception compared with controls. The current study used a deep, tonic somatic @entity158 stimulus ( @entity158 ) to evaluate somatic @entity56 in @entity1744 @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 27 @entity294 -predominant and 15 @entity1142 -predominant @entity1744 @entity1 , and 29 controls participated in the study. The modified submaximal effort tourniquet procedure was performed to induce @entity158 , and the time required to reach @entity158 threshold and @entity158 tolerance were recorded in seconds. All subjects completed the Functional Bowel Disease Severity Index (FBDSI) scale as well as several psychosocial instruments. Group differences for threshold and tolerance were determined using a series of one-way anova tests followed by Tukey comparisons. RESULTS: @entity1744 @entity1 had a shorter time to ischemic threshold (F = 34.606, P < 0.001) and tolerance (F = 38.656, P < 0.001) compared with controls; however, the groups did not differ on ratings of @entity158 at the time of tolerance. @entity1744 @entity1 had a higher rating on the FBDSI scale compared with controls (P < 0.001), and @entity158 threshold was negatively correlated with the FBDSI score. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that a widespread alteration in central @entity158 processing in @entity1744 @entity1 may be present as they display @entity56 to @entity158 , and @entity158 threshold was associated with clinical symptoms. These findings could reflect a dysfunction in @entity158 systems in @entity1744 @entity1 , as @entity158 may be under tonic inhibitory control.

title: Ischemic @entity56 in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic pain', 'inhibitory pain', 'pain', 'ischemic arm pain', 'ischemic (deep) pain']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate whether the presence of a single umbilical artery is associated with @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ), fetal demise, or major @entity154 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of all consecutive singleton pregnancies undergoing routine anatomic survey between 1990 and 2007 at a major tertiary medical center. Two dedicated research nurses obtained complete pregnancy outcome data in an ongoing manner. Pregnancies with a diagnosis of single umbilical artery were compared with those with two umbilical arteries. The primary outcomes were @entity1592 (less than 10th percentile), renal, and @entity299 . Multivariable logistic regression was used to refine the risk association between single umbilical artery and adverse pregnancy outcomes while adjusting for confounding effects. RESULTS: Of 72,373 pregnancies, 64,047 (88.5%) had pregnancy follow-up information and were available for this analysis. There were 392 cases of single umbilical artery (0.61%) diagnosed at anatomic survey; slightly lower than previously reported. @entity16136 as compared with double umbilical artery was associated with increased risk of @entity8 (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9-4.9, P<.01) and @entity299 (adjusted OR 20.3, 95% CI 13.5-30.4, P<.01). @entity16136 was also associated with an increased risk of @entity1592 (adjusted OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.6-2.7, P<.01), even after excluding all fetuses with known anomalies. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest an increased risk of @entity1592 when the diagnosis of single umbilical artery is made, making a clinical recommendation for serial growth assessments in the setting of single umbilical artery reasonable.

title: XXXX and its associated findings.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity16136 :: ('MESH:D058529', 'Disease') :: ['Single umbilical artery']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['IUGR', 'intrauterine growth restriction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac anomalies']

answer: @entity16136 :: (MESH:D058529,Disease) :: ['Single umbilical artery']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The modified Rankin Scale rates global disability after @entity64 and is the most comprehensive and widely used primary outcome measure in acute @entity64 trials. However, substantial interobserver variability in modified Rankin Scale scoring has been reported. This study sought to develop and validate a short, practicable structured assessment that would enhance interrater reliability. METHODS: The Rankin Focused Assessment was developed by selecting and refining elements from prior instruments. The Rankin Focused Assessment takes 3 to 5 minutes to apply and provides clear, operationalized criteria to distinguish the 7 assignable global disability levels. The Rankin Focused Assessment was prospectively validated 3 months poststroke among 50 consecutive @entity1 enrolled in the Phase 3 National Institutes of Health Field Administration of @entity64 Therapy-Magnesium (FAST-MAG) Trial. RESULTS: Among the 50 @entity1 , mean age was 71.5 years (range, 43 to 93 years), 48% were female, and @entity64 subtype was @entity548 in 24%. At Day 90, 43 @entity1 were alive and 7 had died. The modified Rankin Scale median was 2.0 and mean was 2.8. When pairs of 14 raters assessed all enrolled @entity1 , the percent agreement was 94%, the weighted kappa was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.99 to 1.0), and the unweighted kappa was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.85 to 1.00). Among the 43 surviving @entity1 , the percent agreement was 93%, the weighted kappa was 0.99 (0.98 to 1.0), and the unweighted kappa was 0.91 (0.82 to 1.00). CONCLUSIONS: The Rankin Focused Assessment yields high interrater reliability in the grading of @entity717 among consecutive @entity1 with @entity64 participating in a randomized clinical trial. The Rankin Focused Assessment is brief and practical for use in multicenter clinical trials and quality improvement activities.

title: Improving the reliability of XXXX grading in clinical trials and clinical practice: the Rankin Focused Assessment (RFA).

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['final global disability']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke disability']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Right ventricle (RV) apical pacing is associated with increased incidence of @entity712 due to left ventricle (LV) desynchronization. We aim to investigate extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling of the LV in @entity235 with atria-sensed RV apical pacing. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity235 with pacemakers underwent AV nodal ablation. After 12 weeks of atria-sensed obligatory RV pacing, LVs were separated into septum and lateral wall for analysis. Zymographic activity, including @entity11798 ( @entity11798 ), @entity11799 , @entity11800 ( @entity11800 ), @entity23705 , collagen transcript expression, and histology were examined in opposite portions of the LV to identify possible ECM remodeling changes by RV apical pacing. Compared with sham-operated @entity235 , increased interstitial @entity82 and @entity1949 was found in the LV lateral wall in the pacing group. Collagen type II mRNA showed a significant 2-fold increase in the LV lateral wall in the pacing group. Although collagen type I mRNA was increased, the difference was not significant. Zymography demonstrated @entity11799 activity was enhanced in both the LV lateral wall and septum in the pacing group, but @entity11798 activity was enhanced in the LV lateral wall. Immunofluorescence stain confirmed the activation of @entity11798 and @entity11799 in the LV lateral wall in the pacing group. Protein expression of @entity11800 and @entity23705 showed regional differences in the pacing group and both proteins were increased in the LV lateral wall. CONCLUSION: @entity5707 by RV apical pacing elicits heterogeneous ECM remodeling in the LV. These findings assist in the elucidation of the pathophysiology of LV desynchronization.

title: Left ventricular extracellular matrix remodeling in XXXX with right ventricular apical pacing.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['fragmentation of myofibrils']

entities_list: @entity11800 :: ('403816(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1', 'TIMP-1']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['LV dyssynchrony']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Between January 1974 and December 1988, 46 @entity1 with @entity150 , stages T1 or T2, and one @entity1 with stage T3, were treated with an interstitial implant at the radiotherapy department of the Catharina Ziekenhuis at Eindhoven, The Netherlands. Prior to implantation, one @entity1 received no external radiotherapy, all other 46 @entity1 were treated by either a low dose (40 @entity1 : 12 Gy median) or an intermediate dose (six @entity1 : 38-40 Gy) of external radiotherapy. Loco-regional relapse was observed in 14/47 (30%) of the @entity1 (1/14 also had distant metastases). The site of loco-regional relapse was the bladder in 11 @entity1 and the immediate vicinity of the bladder in three @entity1 . Only four @entity1 died due to uncontrolled locoregional disease. A salvage cystectomy was performed in five @entity1 . Distant metastases alone were observed in 3/47 (6.4%) of @entity1 . The intercurrent @entity204 corrected actuarial 5 and 10-year survival was 79.5% (72.2% for T1; 85.7% for T2). The difference between T1 and T2 @entity5 was not significant (P = 0.55). During follow-up, 17/47 (36%) @entity1 died. Cause of @entity204 was @entity66 in eight @entity1 , @entity150 in eight @entity1 and unknown cause in one @entity1 . For the whole group, seven @entity1 developed second or third @entity5 . Multivariate analyses using survival as the endpoint showed no significant prognostic variables, while using @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) as the endpoint (calculated from the date of interstitial implant and with censoring for @entity204 from @entity66 ) the number of TUR before implant (P = 0.01) and the dose of external radiation before interstitial implant (P = 0.045) were of prognostic significance, both being negatively correlated with @entity4557 . As six @entity1 had received an intermediate dose of interstitial radiotherapy, separate multivariate analyses were performed on the subgroup of 41 @entity1 who had received a high dose of interstitial radiation. Using survival as the endpoint, again no prognostic significant factors were found, but in the analyses using local relapse-free period (LRFP) as the endpoint, dose rate (P = 0.026) and duration of implant (P = 0.021) were inversely correlated with LRFP. The higher the dose rate, the better the LRFP, while a long duration of implantation had a negative impact on the LRFP. Information concerning radiotherapy-related complications was not available in one @entity1 , @entity1494 was observed in 9/46 (19.6%) and @entity3226 formation in 3/46 (6.5%) @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: XXXX : long-term results of interstitial radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3226 :: ('MESH:D001744', 'Disease') :: ['bladder stone']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['intercurrent disease']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'relapse-free survival']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration of the bladder mucosa']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'cancer of the urinary bladder']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma of the urinary bladder']


abstract: Year-long intermittent exposures of @entity35 , @entity19 , hamsters, and @entity235 to @entity7783 were conducted using concentrations of 0.05, 0.25, 1.0, and 5.0 ppm. @entity35 were held 18 months postexposure; hamsters, 1 year postexposure; @entity19 , 15 months postexposure; and @entity235 , 38 months postexposure. Male and female @entity35 exhibited dose-dependent incidences of benign nasal @entity6523 and smaller numbers of @entity189 after 1 year of exposure to @entity7783 and 18 months postexposure holding. @entity5 were often associated with chronic irritation and were most frequent in male @entity35 , with an incidence of greater than 50% in the highest exposure group. Hamsters exposed to 0.25-ppm and higher concentrations showed pathologic changes characteristic of @entity179 , including @entity2783 . After exposure to 0.5 ppm @entity7783 , hamsters developed a 10% incidence of benign nasal polyps compared to 0.5% in controls. Small numbers of @entity694 and thyroid parafollicular cell @entity652 were found in hamsters, but only in the highest concentrations tested. Lung @entity652 appeared to be marginally increased in @entity19 exposed to 1.0 ppm @entity7783 , the highest concentration tested in this species. No consistent clinical or pathological effects were seen in @entity235 during or after exposure to @entity7783 at any concentration. Using @entity2783 as a criterion, a no-effect level was not achieved in hamsters. In @entity35 , there appeared to be a marginal production of nasal @entity5 at 0.05 ppm, while @entity19 showed no effects at 0.25 ppm. This study has demonstrated that the nasal respiratory epithelia of @entity35 and hamsters are the most sensitive tissues to the tumorigenic action of @entity7783 following inhalation exposures. This is similar to the reaction of @entity35 to @entity406 , another highly reactive water-soluble compound.

title: Long-term inhalation toxicity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Nasal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['malignant nasal epithelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity7783 :: ('MESH:C029424', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrazine']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon neoplasms']

answer: @entity7783 :: (MESH:C029424,Chemical) :: ['hydrazine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3054 ( @entity3054 ) is a maternally @entity74 with point mutations in mitochondrial DNA which result in @entity1018 in young adults. The majority of mutations reported to date are within the genes encoding the subunits of the mitochondrial @entity2125 - @entity3276 oxidoreductase, complex I. Establishment of animal models of @entity3054 should help elucidate mechanism of the disease and could be utilized for possible development of therapeutic strategies. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We established a @entity35 model which involves injection of @entity3788 -loaded microspheres into the optic layer of the @entity35 superior colliculus. The animals exhibited the most common features of @entity3054 . @entity227 was observed within 2 weeks of @entity3788 administration with no apparent effect on retinal ganglion cells. Death of retinal ganglion cells occurred at a later stage. Using our @entity35 model, we investigated the effect of the @entity375 alternative @entity2125 dehydrogenase, @entity22070 . We were able to achieve efficient expression of the @entity22070 protein in the mitochondria of all regions of retinal ganglion cells and axons by delivering the @entity22070 gene into the optical layer of the superior colliculus. Remarkably, even after the vision of the @entity35 was severely impaired, treatment of the animals with the @entity22070 gene led to a complete restoration of the vision to the normal level. Control groups that received either empty vector or the GFP gene had no effects. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The present study reports successful manifestation of @entity3054 -like symptoms in @entity35 and demonstrates the potential of the @entity22070 gene therapy on mitochondrial @entity1781 . Our results indicate a window of opportunity for the gene therapy to be applied successfully after the onset of the disease symptoms.

title: Successful amelioration of mitochondrial @entity1781 using the @entity375 @entity22070 gene in a XXXX animal model.

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual loss']

entities_list: @entity3788 :: ('MESH:D012402', 'Chemical') :: ['rotenone']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disorder']

entities_list: @entity3054 :: ('MESH:D029242', 'Disease') :: ["Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy", 'LHON']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Neonatal granulocytes are recognized to have functional defects which are thought to be important in the increased susceptibility to @entity281 . Recombinant @entity1 @entity2841 (rhGM-CSF), a member of a family of glycoproteins essential for the in vitro survival, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells, has been shown to enhance the functional capabilities of adult granulocytes. This study tested the effects of rhGM-CSF on the locomotion, @entity224 generation, phagocytosis, bactericidal activity, and membrane depolarization responses of cord blood granulocytes. Concentrations of rhGM-CSF between 100 and 1 pM significantly enhanced the leading front of cord blood granulocyte locomotion. The mean distance migrated by the cell population and the number of cells responding to the chemoattractant were also significantly enhanced in cord blood granulocytes treated with 1 pM rhGM-CSF. @entity224 anion production was significantly enhanced in cord blood granulocytes stimulated with @entity5038 after a 30- or 60-min exposure to 100 pM rhGM-CSF. However, this enhancing effect was not observed in cells incubated with rhGM-CSF for 2 h before @entity22846 - @entity368 - @entity815 stimulation. Phagocytosis, bactericidal activity, and membrane depolarization responses of cord blood granulocytes were not affected by exposure to rhGM-CSF. These findings demonstrate that selected cord blood granulocyte functions are enhanced by in vitro exposure to rhGM-CSF. Whether these in vitro observations have in vivo significance await further study.

title: The effects of recombinant @entity1 XXXX on in vitro cord blood granulocyte function.

entities_list: @entity22846 :: ('CHEBI:16552', 'Chemical') :: ['formyl-methionine']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection in the neonate']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide', 'Superoxide']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

answer: @entity2841 :: (1437,Gene) :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor']