abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent data have suggested that there are no differences among various @entity4349 -based chemotherapy regimens [including @entity786 , @entity1891 , @entity1499 , and @entity229 ( @entity3726 ), @entity1499 , @entity460 leucovorin, @entity1732 , @entity632 , @entity786 , and @entity619 (m-BACOD), @entity1499 , @entity632 , @entity786 , @entity1891 , @entity229 , and @entity1732 (MACOP-B), and @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity2879 , @entity229 , @entity2592 , @entity1732 , @entity1891 , @entity1499 , and @entity460 leucovorin (PROMACE-cyta-BOM)] in @entity1 with @entity146 . Because outcome appears to depend on certain prognostic factors, risk groups can be identified. Therefore, these prognostic factors were examined for their correlations with survival, @entity177 ( @entity177 ), and disease free survival (DFS) in a group of @entity1 with @entity1893 who were treated on a single randomized trial with either @entity3726 or m-BACOD. METHODS: From July 1984 to January 1988, 392 @entity1 with diffuse large cell or diffuse mixed @entity1893 were enrolled in an Intergroup study and were randomly assigned to treatment with @entity3726 or m-BACOD chemotherapy. Of these, 325 were eligible for response, @entity137 , and survival analysis, and the results were reported. The survival and @entity177 results now have been updated. The 286 @entity1 who had lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) data available at study entry were analyzed for prognostic features according to the International Index criteria and using Martingale Residuals for proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: There were no differences in survival, @entity177 , and disease free survival between groups of @entity1 treated with either @entity3726 or m-BACOD. In addition, analysis using the International Index criteria confirmed that @entity1 in the lower risk groups had better outcome than @entity1 in the higher risk groups (5-year survival was 56 and 58% for low and low/intermediate risk groups, respectively, and 37% and 31% for high/intermediate and high risk groups, respectively). There were, however, no differences in survival, disease free survival, or @entity177 within any risk group when treatment with @entity3726 or m-BACOD were compared. In addition, analysis using Martingale residuals for proportional hazards regression identified LDH level (> 3 x normal) as an important prognostic factor that was not captured by the International Index. Thus, 5-year survival was 57% if LDH was normal or below, 42% if LDH was 1-3 x normal, and 21% if LDH was > 3 x normal. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with advanced diffuse large cell or diffuse mixed @entity1893 , there are no differences in outcome that can be attributed to treatment with @entity3726 vs. m-BACOD; this holds for any prognostic group identified by the International Index. However, the level of LDH at time of study entry is an important prognostic factor that is predictive of survival and may help to identify candidates for future clinical trials.

title: Advanced XXXX . Analysis of prognostic factors by the international index and by lactic dehydrogenase in an intergroup study.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse aggressive lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['TTF', 'time-to-treatment failure']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", "diffuse aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity9 states, dynamic mechanical @entity1931 is mediated by large diameter @entity477 -fibers. We test whether ongoing peripheral C-nociceptor input is necessary to maintain central changes hypothetically responsible for @entity477 -mediated @entity1931 . CASE REPORT: A @entity1 with long-standing @entity6 demonstrated generalized signs of painless @entity6 small fiber @entity305 . Following mechanical @entity130 , the @entity1 additionally developed a typical @entity9 at the arm. Despite substantial impairment of cutaneous small fiber function, he complained of severe dynamic mechanical @entity1931 confined to a forearm skin area. METHODS AND RESULTS: Marstock test revealed a considerably increased cold perception threshold within the allodynic area and on the contralateral side. The @entity1 could not perceive any warm sensation on either side. @entity112 iontophoresis was not followed by any itch or @entity158 sensations within the allodynic area or contralaterally. Nociceptive @entity7183 axon reflex reactions were substantially impaired within the allodynic skin or contralaterally. Standard neurophysiological testing and quantitative vibrametry showed only mild impairment of large diameter sensory and motor fiber function at the arms. Cardiovascular reflex tests showed almost no heart rate variation indicating impairment of vagal small fiber function. CONCLUSIONS: (a) Cutaneous nociceptive C-fibers do not signal dynamic mechanical @entity1931 . This symptom may hypothetically be due to secondary changes in the central nervous system processing that might strengthen the synaptic ties between @entity477 -fibers and central nociceptive pathways, or due to peripheral multiplication of primary afferent low threshold mechanoreceptor input. (b) Ongoing nociceptive @entity7183 input is not necessary to maintain either hypothetical mechanism. (c) Hypothetical secondary central hyperexcitability might work autonomously without any nociceptive @entity7183 input for a long time or even indefinitely in some @entity1109 @entity1 .

title: Painful neuropathy: C-nociceptor activity may not be necessary to maintain central mechanisms accounting for dynamic mechanical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'neuropathic pain syndrome']

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['allodynia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Soluble fms-like @entity4149 kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and soluble @entity6459 (sEng) are the most studied molecules in preeclampsia. However, most trophoblast cell lines do not secrete both these factors. Thus, we set out to characterize protocols to functionally investigate sFlt-1 and sEng from primary trophoblast. STUDY DESIGN: Primary trophoblasts were isolated from term placenta by percoll gradient, then negative selection using a @entity6460 antibody. Purity was assessed by cytokeratin 7 immunostaining. We first examined the effects of @entity6460 negative selection on sFlt-1, sEng and hCG secretion and the ability of @entity1928 to enhance syncytialization. We then examined the effects of @entity519 on sFlt-1 production and assessed gene knockdown using siRNA. RESULTS: @entity6460 negative selection produced a pure population of primary trophoblasts. Secretion of sEng was 5-fold lower when @entity6460 -positive cells were removed, sFlt1 was unchanged, and hCG was significantly increased. hCG analysis of the purified population indicated spontaneous syncytialization, which was not enhanced by @entity1928 . @entity1928 similarly did not alter sFlt-1 secretion. @entity519 significantly increased sFlt-1 secretion as expected. Importantly, high gene silencing efficiencies were readily achieved. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we present a protocol that yields primary trophoblasts of high purity that produce abundant sFlt-1 and low but detectable levels of sEng. Furthermore, these cells are readily amenable to gene silencing by siRNAs and hence suitable for functional studies.

title: Characterization of protocols for primary trophoblast purification, optimized for functional investigation of sFlt-1 and soluble XXXX .

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin', 'Forskolin']

answer: @entity6459 :: (2022,Gene) :: ['endoglin']


abstract: In the period between 1982-1986, 2132 @entity5 were registered in the Zadar Medical Center, out of them 164 (7.7%) were primary @entity153 of which 138 (84.1%) were morphologically verified. The difference between the number of the registered and verified @entity153 is due to the difference in the registration criteria. The annual average incidence rate of the verified @entity189 was about 30 which is lower than in the Zagreb area and Croatia as a whole. The average number of cases diagnosed in other institutions was about 20 percent. An analysis by sex revealed a prevalence among males aged 55-75. Morphologically, the most common type of @entity189 was planocellular, followed by @entity4153 and @entity420 . The greatest majority of the positive findings was obtained by bronchoscopy and sputum examination. The average number of sputa obtained per @entity1 was 3.5; 63 percent of these were adequate and 40 percent of them were positive. In 86% of cases the diagnosis was established from the first three sputa. The most frequently used bronchoscopic method of material obtained was aspiration and the best diagnostic results were obtained by puncture biopsy and excision. The high percentage of positive results obtained by transtracheal biopsy justifies its use.

title: [ XXXX at the Zadar Medical Center 1982-1986].

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic, small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity153 :: (MESH:D002283,Disease) :: ['Bronchial carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity879 ( @entity879 ) refers to the rapid development of severe @entity99 with @entity73 , @entity1003 , and @entity75 in a @entity1 who previously had a normal liver or had a well-compensated @entity409 . It is a rare complication in @entity3124 @entity1 and carries a very bad prognosis. Serum @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), a useful marker of @entity281 , is produced exclusively by the liver. AIM: The aim of this study was to assess @entity1851 concentrations in @entity1 with @entity879 . METHODS: We prospectively identified @entity1 with @entity295 and @entity879 treated at the intensive care unit (ICU). Data collected included admission diagnosis, medical history, systemic @entity32 criteria, Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation II, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores. @entity1851 and white cell count were measured at admission and then daily until ICU discharge. RESULTS: We included 7 @entity1 with @entity879 and @entity295 . Six @entity1 died with severe @entity881 . Six @entity1 were already admitted with @entity879 , with the remaining one being diagnosed at the 26th day of ICU stay. All @entity1 present severe @entity1003 . In all septic @entity1 , despite clinical deterioration, @entity1851 levels were markedly decreased sometimes reaching undetectable levels. CONCLUSION: In septic @entity1 with @entity879 , @entity1851 is more a marker of severe @entity409 and should not be used as a marker of @entity281 . As a result, in a @entity1 admitted with a very high suspicion of @entity281 and an abnormally low @entity1851 concentration or with a marked @entity1851 decline despite persistent @entity326 , severe @entity1578 should be ruled out.

title: Impact of XXXX in @entity1851 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory response syndrome']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['Fulminant hepatic failure', 'FHF']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired synthetic function']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease', 'liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver injury']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity879 :: (MESH:D017114,Disease) :: ['fulminant hepatic failure']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity12983 is a @entity788 derived from alpha-cells of the islets of Langerhans. It is marked by tumoral autonomous production of glucagon and characterized, among other symptoms, by @entity12984 , an @entity75 with areas of @entity39 and sloughing. This is a rare disease with worldwide incidence estimated at 1 case per 20 million @entity1 . CASE REPORT: we report a case of @entity12983 associated @entity12984 in a male @entity1 , 56 years, with signs of @entity272 mainly on his legs and groin, @entity4854 and @entity353 . Biopsies of the @entity272 were performed and imaging of the abdomen showed a mass of 10 x 9 cm, at the pancreatic region. The @entity1 was subjected to body-caudal pancreatectomy and splenectomy with autotransplant of the spleen in the greater omentum. The histopathologic report indicated a @entity5 in the pancreatic alpha cells. Immunohistochemistry showed expression of glucagon and @entity3507 in most @entity5 cells, consistent with the diagnosis of @entity12983 . The @entity1 presented 3 years of outpatient follow-up with no complications. CONCLUSION: the @entity12984 is important for the clinical recognition of @entity12983 , and its early diagnosis is essential for a successful curative therapy.

title: XXXX associated with @entity12984 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['erythematous circinate lesion']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity12984 :: ('MESH:D058568', 'Disease') :: ['necrolytic migratory erythema']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity12983 :: ('MESH:D005935', 'Disease') :: ['glucagonoma']

answer: @entity12983 :: (MESH:D005935,Disease) :: ['Glucagonoma syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Subcutaneous @entity26 partial pressure is one of several determinants of surgical site infections (SSIs). However, tissue partial pressure is difficult to measure and requires invasive techniques. We tested the hypothesis that early postoperative tissue @entity26 saturation (Sto(2)) measured with near-infrared spectroscopy predicts SSI. METHODS: We evaluated Sto(2) in 116 @entity1 undergoing elective colon resection. Saturation was measured near the surgical incision, at the upper arm, and at the thenar muscle with an InSpectra    tissue spectrometer model 650 (Hutchinson Technology Inc., Hutchinson, MN) 75 minutes after the end of surgery and on the first postoperative day. An investigator blinded to Sto(2) assessed @entity1 daily for wound @entity281 . Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to analyze the performance of Sto(2) measurements as a predictor of SSI. RESULTS: In 23 @entity1 (    20%), SSI was diagnosed 9    5 days (mean    SD) after surgery. @entity1 who did and did not develop an SSI had similar age (48    14 vs 48    15 years, respectively; P = 0.97) and gender (female:male, 15:8 vs 46:47, respectively), but @entity1 who developed SSI weighed more (body mass index 32    7 vs 27    6 kg/m(2); P < 0.01). Sto(2) at the upper arm was lower in @entity1 who developed SSI than in those who did not develop SSI (52    22 vs 66    21; P = 0.033), and these measurements had a sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 60% for predicting SSI, using Sto(2) of 66% as the cutoff point. CONCLUSION: Sto(2) measured at the upper arm only 75 minutes after colorectal surgery predicted development of postoperative SSI, although the infections were typically diagnosed more than a week later. Although further testing is required, Sto(2) measurements may be able to predict SSI and thus allow earlier preventive measures to be implemented.

title: Early postoperative subcutaneous tissue @entity26 predicts XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['surgical site infection']


abstract: The aim of the study was to examine the role of serotonergic ( @entity750 ) and noradrenergic mechanisms in the regulation of wakefulness and sleep. For this purpose, adult @entity468 with implanted electrodes for EEG, EOG and EMG were exposed to the @entity750 uptake blocker @entity837 (0.1, 0.5 and 5.0 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and the @entity1063 uptake blocker @entity6255 (5 mg/kg intraperitoneally) at the start of continuous 16-hour sleep-wake recordings. @entity837 increased deep slow wave sleep and decreased REMS. Also @entity6255 decreased REMS but initially increased the proportion of time spent in the state of active wakefulness. Furthermore, to examine the interactions between @entity750 -nergic and noradrenergic mechanisms in the regulation of sleep, the administration of @entity837 was preceded by intraperitoneal injections of @entity5521 (10 mg/kg), an alpha-antagonist, and @entity1169 (5 mg/kg), a beta-antagonist. @entity5521 was totally ineffective against @entity837 whereas @entity1169 partially counteracted the effects of @entity837 on sleep. @entity6255 was combined with the alpha-antagonists @entity3160 (1 mg/kg), @entity5521 (10 mg/kg) and @entity3159 (1 mg/kg) or with the beta-antagonist @entity1169 (5 mg/kg). @entity3160 was without any effect on REMS, @entity5521 partly antagonized @entity6255 -induced decrease in the percentage of REMS, and @entity3159 only prolonged REMS latency and reduced deep @entity1807 as well. @entity1169 partially antagonized the @entity6255 -induced initial increase in active wakefulness time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of XXXX and @entity1063 uptake blockers on wakefulness and sleep in @entity468 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine', 'Yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['Phentolamine', 'phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram', 'Citalopram']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity6255 :: ('MESH:C006174', 'Chemical') :: ['prindamine', 'Prindamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: Chemoprevention, especially through the use of naturally occurring phytochemicals capable of impeding the process of @entity105 at one or more steps, is an ideal approach for @entity5 management. Despite accomplished outcomes in preclinical settings, its applicability to @entity1 has met with limited success for many reasons including inefficient systemic delivery and bioavailability of promising chemopreventive agents. We have recently introduced a novel concept of "nanochemoprevention" that utilizes nanotechnology for enhancing the outcome of chemoprevention (Cancer Res 69, 1712-1716, 2009). To establish the usefulness of nanochemoprevention in @entity5 management, we studied the efficacy of a well identified chemopreventive agent @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ) encapsulated in @entity7049 ( @entity1989 ) and @entity968 ( @entity970 ) nanoparticles (hereafter referred to as nano- @entity3090 ) in preclinical settings. Nano- @entity3090 was found to retain its biological effectiveness, with over 10-fold dose advantage compared to nonencapsulated @entity3090 for exerting its cell growth inhibition, proapoptotic, and angiogenic inhibitory effects. Nano- @entity3090 was also observed to be effective in inhibiting @entity5 cell growth in athymic @entity19 , with over 10-fold dose advantage compared to nonencapsulated @entity3090 . The rate of degradation of nonencapsulated @entity3090 was rapid, with a complete degradation within 4 h, whereas nano- @entity3090 had a significantly longer half-life. This study provides a foundation for the use of nanoparticle-mediated delivery of natural products to enhance the bioavailability of active agents for their enhanced effective and chemopreventive potential. In doing this, it is hoped that perceived @entity137 concerns associated with prolonged use of agents could also be minimized. Oral consumption is the most desirable and acceptable form of delivery of chemopreventive agents. One disadvantage of using @entity1989 - @entity970 nanoparticles is its unstable nature in acidic environment; and therefore, it is not recommended for oral consumption. To overcome this obstacle, it will be important to develop nanoparticles encapsulating phytochemicals that are suitable for oral consumption.

title: Nanochemoprevention: sustained release of bioactive food components for XXXX prevention.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['epigallocatechin-3-gallate']

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['polylactic acid']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The optimal management of @entity1544 ( @entity1544 ) typically involves surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in the setting of adverse pathologic features. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is frequently used to treat oral @entity5 , but published IMRT outcomes specific to this disease site are sparse. We report the Dana-Farber @entity5 Institute experience with IMRT-based treatment for @entity1544 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Retrospective study of all @entity1 treated at Dana-Farber @entity5 Institute for @entity1544 with adjuvant or definitive IMRT between August 2004 and December 2009. The American Joint Committee on @entity5 stage criteria distribution of this cohort included 5 @entity1 (12%) with stage I; 10 @entity1 (24%) with stage II (n = 10, 24%); 14 @entity1 (33%) with stage III (n = 14, 33%); and 13 @entity1 (31%) with stage IV. The primary endpoint was @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ); secondary endpoints were @entity13177 ( @entity13177 ) and acute and chronic @entity137 . RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 with @entity1544 were included, 30 of whom were initially treated with surgical resection. Twenty-three (77%) of 30 surgical @entity1 treated with adjuvant IMRT also received concurrent chemotherapy, and 9 of 12 (75%) @entity1 treated definitively without surgery were treated with CRT or induction chemotherapy and CRT. With a median follow-up of 2.1 years (interquartile range, 1.1-3.1 years) for all @entity1 , the 2-year actuarial rates of @entity1349 and @entity13177 following adjuvant IMRT were 85% and 91%, respectively, and the comparable results for definitive IMRT were 63% and 64% for @entity1349 and @entity13177 , respectively. Only 1 @entity1 developed symptomatic @entity7190 , and among @entity1 without evidence of disease, 35% experienced grade 2 to 3 late @entity1282 , with only 1 @entity1 who was continuously gastrostomy-dependent. CONCLUSIONS: In this single-institution series, postoperative IMRT was associated with promising @entity13177 , @entity1349 , and lower late @entity137 rates, and chemoradiotherapy was a successful treatment for @entity1 with high-risk disease. In contrast, outcomes of radiation-based treatment for @entity1 with inoperable locally advanced disease were markedly less successful.

title: Treatment of XXXX with adjuvant or definitive intensity-modulated radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer disease', 'cavity cancers', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity13177 :: ('MESH:D009364', 'Disease') :: ['locoregional control', 'LRC']

entities_list: @entity7190 :: ('MESH:D010025', 'Disease') :: ['osteoradionecrosis']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['OCSCC', 'oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1544 :: (MESH:D018307,Disease) :: ['oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: Evaluations of daily nutrient intakes with practical accuracy contribute not only to public but also to personal health. To obtain accurate estimations of nutrient intake, chemical analyses of a duplicate sample of all foods consumed are recommended. But these analytical methods are expensive, time consuming, and not practically applicable for field surveys dealing with numerous food samples. To solve this problem, a new rapid and simple method of estimating nutrients is developed here. Elemental compositions of cooked foods were examined using a high speed and high performance @entity505 , @entity3884 , and @entity1568 autoanalyzer, and the results showed good reproducibility. A significant correlation between Kjeldahl's and the autoanalyzer methods was observed in the @entity1568 measurement (n=20; r =0.999; p< 0.001), and very good agreement was observed between the methods. Therefore, the @entity1568 amount obtained by the autoanalyzer was used for the estimation of the protein proportion in the cooked foods. The fat and @entity1735 proportions estimated by the new method correlated with the values obtained by the chemical method (p< 0.001 each). There were also good agreements of fat and @entity1735 proportions between the chemical and the new estimation methods. According to these results, the new, rapid and simple estimation method established in this study should be applicable to nutritional research.

title: Development of a new simple estimating method for protein, fat, and XXXX in cooked foods.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: High-osmolarity @entity653 (HOG) pathway required for @entity375 osmoregulation relies upon the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) @entity18385 cascade that comprise the MAPKKKs @entity18386 / @entity18387 and @entity6770 converging on the MAPKK Pbs2. Here we show a @entity18385 cascade with the unique MAPKKK @entity18386 acting in @entity18388 . @entity56 to high osmolarity and high resistance to @entity18389 fungicide appeared in   @entity18386 ,   pbs2 and   @entity18385 mutants whereas the two hallmark phenotypes were reversed in   @entity6770 . Increased sensitivity to heat shock and decreased sensitivity to cell wall perturbation also occurred in the three mutants but not in   @entity6770 although antioxidant phenotypes were different in all deletion mutants. Intriguingly, signals of @entity18385 phosphorylation induced by osmotic, oxidative and thermal cues were present in   @entity6770 but absent in   @entity18386 and   pbs2. Moreover, vegetative growth on minimal media with different @entity505 / @entity1568 sources was much more suppressed in   @entity6770 and   @entity18386 than in   pbs2 and   @entity18385 although all mutants suffered similar, but severe, conidiation defects on a standard medium. @entity281 was abolished in   @entity6770 while virulence was differentially attenuated in other mutants. Our findings exclude @entity6770 from the @entity18385 cascade that regulates multiple stress responses and environmental adaptation of @entity18388 and perhaps other filamentous fungi. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Characterization of the @entity18385 MAPK pathway in the entomopathogenic fungus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity18389 :: ('MESH:C108339', 'Chemical') :: ['fludioxonil']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Normal host infection']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity18388 :: ('176275', 'Species') :: ['B. bassiana', 'Beauveria bassiana']

answer: @entity18388 :: (176275,Species) :: ['Beauveria bassiana']


abstract: A consecutive series of total condylar knee arthroplasties in @entity1 with @entity309 or related @entity625 , with a 4-6-year follow-up period, was studied. Eighty-seven percent had an excellent or good overall result (score of 70 or more on the HSS knee rating scale). The median total score increased from 45 points before operation to 83 after operation. Sixteen complications, mostly minor, occurred in 14 @entity1 . There were no early infections. Two prostheses were removed for deep @entity281 , after 3 and 5 years. One @entity1 had patellectomy for @entity2530 . The crude prosthesis survival rate was 97%. Tibial radiolucencies were noted in 76% of cases; in 29% they were significant (2 mm or more in one or more of three zones). Two tibial components (2%) were believed to be mechanically loose, but no revisions for mechanical loosening were done. The presence of radiolucencies did not signify an inferior clinical result.

title: Knee arthroplasty in XXXX . Four- to six-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Recognizing the confirmed efficacy of urokinase as a thrombolytic and proteolytic agent, we assess its usefulness in the treatment of multiloculated @entity1143 , @entity3509 and @entity1410 as a substitute of other more invasive procedures. Treatment with urokinase was applied in 18 consecutive cases. Inclusion criteria were a well-placed thoracic probe that did not drain and a radiological image showing occupation. @entity1 were excluded if they had @entity9131 or hemothorax of less than 7 days duration. Effusion in the included cases had developed after @entity55 , after surgery or after @entity130 . Treatment lasted 3 to 4 days ant was considered effective or not based on the volume of liquid drained and on radiological evidence of change. The amount of liquid drained was highly variable (mean 1,282 and S.D. 1,224; range 100-3,975). Radiological change was considered completely satisfactory in 10 cases, with 6 @entity1 continuing to show occupation of the @entity50 with no clinical repercussions. Two @entity1 died of causes unrelated to administration of the drug. There were two mild relapses that did not require a second round of treatment with urokinase. @entity1 were followed for a least 30 days after discharge and no new recurrences were detected. We have found urokinase to be a useful fibrinolytic agent for treating multiloculated effusion. Contraindications are few and therefore urokinase should be considered the first-choice treatment to be applied before other more invasive measures are taken.

title: [Usefulness of urokinase in multilocular XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity9131 :: ('MESH:D001983', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial fistulas']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['costophrenic sinus']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural effusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3754 ( @entity3754 ), @entity7289 , @entity2040 , soil-transmitted helminths (STH) and @entity11738 represent the five most prevalent @entity1057 ( @entity1057 ). They can be controlled or eliminated by means of safe and cost-effective interventions delivered through programs of Mass Drug Administration (MDA)-also named @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ). The WHO defined targets for @entity1591 control/elimination by 2020, reinforced by the 2012 London Declaration, which, if achieved, would result in dramatic health gains. We estimated the potential economic benefit of achieving these targets, focusing specifically on productivity and out-of-pocket payments. METHODS: Productivity loss was calculated by combining disease frequency with productivity loss from the disease, from the perspective of affected individuals. Productivity gain was calculated by deducting the total loss expected in the target achievement scenario from the loss in a counterfactual scenario where it was assumed the pre-intervention situation in 1990 regarding @entity1057 would continue unabated until 2030. Economic benefits from out-of-pocket payments (OPPs) were calculated similarly. Benefits are reported in 2005 US  (purchasing power parity-adjusted and discounted at 3% per annum from 2010). Sensitivity analyses were used to assess the influence of changes in input parameters. RESULTS: The economic benefit from productivity gain was estimated to be I 251 billion in 2011-2020 and I 313 billion in 2021-2030, considerably greater than the total OPPs averted of I 0.72 billion and I 0.96 billion in the same periods. The net benefit is expected to be US  27.4 and US  42.8 for every dollar invested during the same periods. Impact varies between @entity1057 and regions, since it is determined by disease prevalence and extent of disease-related productivity loss. CONCLUSION: Achieving the @entity7730 - @entity1591 targets for 2020 will yield significant economic benefits to affected individuals. Despite large uncertainty, these benefits far exceed the investment required by governments and their development partners within all reasonable scenarios. Given the concentration of the @entity1057 among the poorest households, these investments represent good value for money in efforts to share the world's prosperity and reduce inequity.

title: The Socioeconomic Benefit to Individuals of Achieving the 2020 Targets for Five XXXX Neglected Tropical Diseases.

entities_list: @entity3754 :: ('MESH:D004605', 'Disease') :: ['LF', 'Lymphatic filariasis']

entities_list: @entity1057 :: ('MESH:D058069', 'Disease') :: ['NTDs', 'neglected tropical diseases']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['Preventive Chemotherapy', 'PCT']

entities_list: @entity7289 :: ('MESH:D009855', 'Disease') :: ['onchocerciasis']

answer: @entity7730 :: (MESH:D064146,Disease) :: ['Preventive Chemotherapy']


abstract: To determine the pathologic factors useful in predicting prognosis in @entity1 with stage A @entity263 we studied 117 @entity1 followed for 2 to 15 years. Since no @entity1 was treated until progression of disease occurred we were able to correlate pathologic findings with the natural history of the disease in an untreated population of @entity1 . In 14 @entity1 (12 per cent) extensive local (2) or metastatic (12) disease developed. Because 12 of the 14 @entity1 had progression of the disease within 4 years we thought than an analysis of all @entity1 followed for 4 years would be useful. Extent and grade of disease were the 2 factors that most accurately predicted progression. No @entity1 with a low grade lesion (Hopkins grade 1 or Gleason total score 2 to 4) had progression and only 2 per cent of @entity1 with less than 5 per cent @entity5 had progression. These @entity1 were classified as stage @entity1938 per cent of all @entity1 were in this category. We believe that these @entity1 require no further therapy. Of the @entity1 with more than 5 per cent @entity5 32 per cent had progression and 17 per cent of the @entity1 with either Hopkins grade 2 to 3 disease or Gleason total score more than 4 had progression. These @entity1 were classified as stage A2 and their optimal management remains to be determined.

title: Pathological factors that influence prognosis in stage A XXXX : the influence of extent versus grade.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the dose-mapping error (DME) inherent to conventional dose-mapping algorithms as a function of dose-matrix resolution. METHODS: As DME has been reported to be greatest where dose-gradients overlap tissue-density gradients, non-clinical 66 Gy IMRT plans were generated for 11 lung @entity1 with the target edge defined as the maximum 3D density gradient on the 0% (end of inhale) breathing phase. Post-optimization, Beams were copied to 9 breathing phases. Monte Carlo dose computed (with 2*2*2 mm(3) resolution) on all 10 breathing phases was deformably mapped to phase 0% using the Monte Carlo energy-transfer method with congruent mass-mapping (EMCM); an externally implemented tri-linear interpolation method with voxel sub-division; Pinnacle's internal (tri-linear) method; and a post-processing energy-mass voxel-warping method (dTransform). All methods used the same base displacement-vector-field (or it's pseudo-inverse as appropriate) for the dose mapping. Mapping was also performed at 4*4*4 mm(3) by merging adjacent dose voxels. RESULTS: Using EMCM as the reference standard, no clinically significant (>1 Gy) DMEs were found for the @entity358 ( @entity358 ), lung V20Gy, or esophagus dose-volume indices, although @entity358 and V20Gy were statistically different (2*2*2 mm(3) ). Pinnacle-to-EMCM target D98% DMEs of 4.4 and 1.2 Gy were observed (2*2*2 mm(3) ). However dTransform, which like EMCM conserves integral dose, had DME >1 Gy for one case. The root mean square RMS of the DME for the tri-linear-to- EMCM methods was lower for the smaller voxel volume for the @entity5 4D-D98%, lung V20Gy, and cord D1%. CONCLUSION: When tissue gradients overlap with dose gradients, organs-at-risk DME was statistically significant but not clinically significant. Target-D98%-DME was deemed clinically significant for 2/11 @entity1 (2*2*2 mm(3) ). Since tri-linear RMS-DME between EMCM and tri-linear was reduced at 2*2*2 mm(3) , use of this resolution is recommended for dose mapping. Interpolative dose methods are sufficiently accurate for the majority of cases. J.V. Siebers receives funding support from Varian Medical Systems.

title: SU-G-BRC-15: The Potential Clinical Significance of Dose Mapping Error for Intra- Fraction Dose Mapping for Lung Cancer XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['mean lung dose', 'MLD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A modified Michelassi strictureplasty over the ileocaecal valve or ileocolic @entity254 could be an alternative to ileocaecal resection. This study assessed the outcome of the modified Michelassi strictureplasty in @entity1 with extensive stenotic terminal ileal @entity30 [ @entity30 ]. METHODS: This type of strictureplasty was proposed to all @entity1 with an extensive strictured [neo-] terminal ileal segment [> 20 cm]. Short- and long-term outcome data were retrieved from a prospectively maintained database. Safety and medium-term efficacy were studied, using both postoperative magnetic resonance enterography [MRE] and ileocolonoscopy at 6 months. RESULTS: Between June 2009 and September 2014, 29 @entity30 @entity1 had a modified strictureplasty [male 9/29, median age 38 [range: 16-64] years]. The median length of strictureplasty was 50 [27-110] cm. Twelve @entity1 underwent a total of 30 additional procedures during surgery, mainly additional short strictureplasties, but also segmental resections. The majority had a laparoscopic-assisted procedure. Median length of hospital stay was 9 [6-17] days. Two @entity1 had an early rescue procedure to oversew a small @entity834 . MRE and ileocolonoscopy at follow-up showed a remarkable regression of @entity32 and bowel wall thickness. Clinical recurrence, necessitating initiation or modification of medical therapy, and surgical recurrence were reported in 11 and 1 @entity1 after a median follow-up of 21 [1-54] months, respectively. CONCLUSION: A modified long Michelassi strictureplasty appears to be safe in @entity1 with extensive stricturing @entity30 . Significant mucosal and bowel wall healing is observed and suggests that clearance of microbial stasis may play a role in this process.

title: Modified Side-To-Side Isoperistaltic Strictureplasty over the Ileocaecal Valve: An Alternative to Ileocaecal Resection in Extensive Terminal Ileal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's ileitis", "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's Disease']


abstract: Photodynamic therapy ( @entity4906 ) requires @entity26 to cause @entity5 damage, yet therapy itself can deplete or enhance @entity5 oxygenation. In the present work we measured the @entity4906 -induced change in @entity5 oxygenation and explored its utility for predicting long-term response to treatment. The tissue hemoglobin @entity26 saturation (SO(2)) of @entity19 @entity5 was noninvasively measured by broadband diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. In initial validation studies, the @entity7672 dissociation curve for @entity19 blood was accurately recreated based on measurements during deoxygenation of a tissue phantom of @entity19 erythrocytes. In vivo studies exhibited excellent correlation between @entity15436 -induced changes in @entity9734 and pO(2) of radiation-induced @entity5 measured by reflectance spectroscopy and the Eppendorf pO(2) histograph, respectively. In @entity4906 studies radiation-induced @entity5 SO(2) was measured immediately before and after @entity17654 - @entity4906 (135 J/cm(2), 38 mW/cm(2)). Animals were subsequently followed for @entity5 growth to a volume of 400 mm(3) (time-to-400 mm(3)) or the presence of @entity5 cure (no @entity5 growth at 90 days after treatment). In animals that recurred, the @entity4906 -induced change in @entity5 SO(2), i.e., relative-SO(2) ( @entity9734 after @entity4906 /SO(2) before @entity4906 ) was positively correlated with treatment durability (time-to-400 mm(3)). The predictive value of relative-SO(2) was confirmed in a second group of animals with enhanced pre- @entity4906 oxygenation due to @entity15436 @entity1353 . Furthermore, when all of the animals were considered (those that recurred and those that were cured) a highly significant association was found between increasing relative-SO(2) and increasing probability of survival, i.e., absence of recurrence. As independent variables, the @entity9734 after @entity4906 , the pre- @entity4906 @entity5 volume, and light penetration depth all failed to predict response. As an independent variable, the @entity9734 before @entity4906 demonstrated a weak negative association with treatment durability; this association was driven by a correlation between decreasing pre- @entity4906 SO(2) and increasing relative-SO(2). These data suggest that monitoring of @entity4906 -induced changes in @entity5 oxygenation may be a valuable prognostic indicator.

title: Treatment-induced changes in XXXX oxygenation predict photodynamic therapy outcome.

entities_list: @entity17654 :: ('MESH:D017323', 'Chemical') :: ['Photofrin']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma tumor', 'tumor', 'fibrosarcoma tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity7672 :: ('CHEBI:7861', 'Chemical') :: ['oxyhemoglobin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the general and inpatient population. Current anticoagulation therapy is efficient in reducing @entity715 propagation but does not contribute to clot lysis or prevention of @entity715 . @entity1212 ( @entity1212 ) is an alternative method for treating @entity1150 but there is no consensus regarding indications for its use. DATA SOURCES: PubMed and Cochrane library were searched for all articles on @entity1150 and thrombolysis. REVIEW METHOD: Articles presenting data on @entity11942 thrombolysis, @entity11942 anticoagulation, mechanical thrombectomy, venous stenting and @entity1228 were considered for inclusion in the review. RESULTS: @entity1212 reduced clot burden, @entity11942 recurrence and may prevent the formation of @entity715 . Indications for its use include younger individuals with a long life expectancy and few co-morbidities, limb-threatening @entity715 and proximal ilio-femoral @entity1150 . There is a marked lack of randomised controlled trials comparing @entity1212 -related mortality and long term outcomes compared to anticoagulation alone. The effectiveness of combined pharmaco-mechanic thrombectomy, although promising, need to be further investigated, as is the role of caval filters in preventing @entity1151 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the outcome of @entity1212 in @entity11942 management are encouraging in selected @entity1 cohorts, but further evidence is required to establish longer term benefits and cost-effectiveness.

title: Indications for thrombolysis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['Catheter directed thrombolysis', 'CDT']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['DVT-associated pulmonary emboli']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVTs', 'Deep venous thromboses']

entities_list: @entity1228 :: ('MESH:D062108', 'Disease') :: ["May-Thurner's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['post-thrombotic syndrome', 'thromboses', 'thrombus', 'post-thrombotic limb syndrome']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep venous thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the inhibition effects of @entity0 @entity3 suppressor l ( @entity13311 ) gene on @entity3 of @entity1 @entity43 cell in vivo and in vitro. METHODS: @entity13311 gene was transfected into @entity1 @entity43 cell line A2780 by liposome transfection method. The cells were divided into 3 groups: transfected group with pcDNA3- @entity13311 , negative control group with empty plasmid pcDNA3, blank control group without any transfection. Proliferation, apoptosis, growth rate, capability of colony formation, gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), capability of adhesion, changes of surface and internal structures of cells were observed in vitro. The cells were injected into athymic @entity19 to establish @entity5 models, and inhibition of the tumorigenicity and @entity3 were observed in vivo. RESULTS: @entity13311 gene was transfected into A2780 cell line successfully. There were no significant differences in the growth rate among transfected group, negative control group and blank control group (P > 0.05). The amounts of cell clones per well were 40 +/- 4 in transfected group, 42 +/- 7 in blank control group and 39 +/- 4 in negative control group (P > 0.05 between each two groups). The ratios of S vs G(2)/M and G(0)/G(1) were not significantly different in three groups (P > 0.05). The ultramicrostructure of cells detected by electron microscope showed that GJIC function in transfected group was higher than that in the other two groups. While in migration assay, the numbers of cells in lower chamber passing through the membrane in transfected group, blank control group and negative control group were 112 +/- 23, 306 +/- 49 and 322 +/- 91, respectively; with significant differences among 3 groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity13311 gene could suppress @entity3 of @entity43 in vitro and in vivo.

title: [Inhibitory effect of @entity0 @entity3 suppressor l gene on XXXX of @entity1 @entity43 cell in vitro and in vivo].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['animal tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Inhibition of @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor function by @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) and interactions between @entity167 and the noncompetitive @entity143 receptor antagonist @entity4320 were examined in neocortical neurons from @entity35 and @entity1 embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells expressing recombinant @entity143 receptors. @entity1068 inhibited receptor function at concentrations in the 10 to 100 mM range in cortical neurons. @entity167 inhibition of @entity143 receptor function decreased as a function of time in culture over a 4-wk period. No difference in @entity167 inhibition of @entity140 / @entity4176 receptor function was observed in neurons from 2- to 4-wk-old cultures. The time course of decreased @entity167 inhibition paralleled a developmental decrease in inhibition by the noncompetitive @entity143 receptor antagonist @entity4320 in these cortical neurons. Inhibition by @entity167 was decreased in magnitude in the presence of 10 microM @entity4320 in 2- to 3-wk-old cortical neurons, but not in 1-wk-old neurons. @entity4320 inhibited the function of recombinant @entity143 receptors expressed in HEK 293 cells. Consistent with earlier reports, @entity4320 selectively inhibited responses mediated by recombinant receptors containing the @entity13069 subunit at concentrations up to 10 microM. @entity167 also inhibited the function of recombinant @entity143 receptors expressed in HEK 293 cells. The potency of @entity167 for inhibiting responses differed slightly among receptors containing different R2 subunits, especially at low @entity167 concentrations. Finally, @entity4320 did not alter the effect of @entity167 on recombinant R2A or 2B-containing @entity143 receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Developmental decrease in @entity1068 inhibition of XXXX receptors in @entity35 neocortical neurons: relation to the actions of @entity4320 .

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity4320 :: ('MESH:C010739', 'Chemical') :: ['ifenprodil', 'Ifenprodil']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Young @entity1 (aged   <   40 years) with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) have a high lifetime risk of developing @entity65 ( @entity65 ). However, little is known about the @entity65 risk profile of this cohort in the UK primary care setting. AIM: To determine @entity65 risk profile of young @entity1 with @entity2175 without @entity65 compared to older (aged >40 years) subjects. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study using @entity283 ( @entity283 ) database, which contains anonymized @entity1 information from more than 300 general practices throughout England and Wales. METHODS: @entity2175 subjects above the age of 18 years without previous @entity65 and not on lipid or blood pressure lowering therapy were randomly selected. Data on glycaemic control and @entity65 risk factors [weight, body mass index (BMI), lipid profile] were collected. RESULTS: A total of 49,919 @entity1 with @entity2175 were identified, of whom 2756 (0.5%) and 47,163 (99.5%) were aged below and above 40 years, respectively. Despite being at least 30 years younger (mean age: early vs. later onset; 33.8 vs. 66.9 years, P   <   0.001), the proportions of adverse @entity65 risk profiles for young @entity1 were similar to the older cohort with @entity2175 . For young vs. old @entity1 : the prevalence of BMI >25: 84.4% vs. 85.3%, P   =   0.77; total @entity165 >4   mmol/l: 53.4% vs. 53.8%, P   =   0.76; systolic @entity101 : 58.2 vs. 58.4%, P   =   0.36 and diastolic @entity101 : 28.1 vs. 28.5%, P   =   0.73). Glycaemic controls were similarly suboptimal between the two groups (mean HbA1c: young vs. old; 7.6% vs. 7.5%, P   =   0.49). The prevalence of risk factor clustering were also similar between young vs. old @entity1 with @entity2175 . DISCUSSION: Young @entity2175 subjects possess risk factors that confer high lifetime risk for @entity532 , and therefore merits aggressive cardioprotective treatment.

title: Cardiovascular and metabolic risk profiles in young and old XXXX with @entity2175 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['THIN', 'The Health Improvement Network']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['macrovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Previous studies have suggested a variety of factors that may affect the @entity2849 ( @entity2849 ) rate for @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) biopsy in @entity0 . Because @entity2849 results are relatively rare, no prior studies have had sufficient sample size to allow detailed statistical analysis of factors predicting @entity2849 results. METHODS: @entity1 with clinical stage T1-2, N0 @entity0 were enrolled in a prospective, multicenter study. All @entity1 underwent @entity1600 biopsy, followed by planned completion axillary dissection regardless of the @entity1600 results, to assess the @entity2849 rate. @entity1600 biopsy was performed using radioactive colloid injection in combination with @entity12670 dye in 94% of cases. Dermal, subdermal, peritumoral, or subareolar radioactive colloid injection techniques were used at the discretion of each institution. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with a @entity2849 result. RESULTS: SLNs were identified in 3870 of 4117 @entity1 (94%). There were 1243 true positive, 2521 true negative, and 106 @entity2849 results. Age, histologic subtype, the number of non- @entity1600 removed, @entity5 palpability, type of breast biopsy, and @entity1600 injection technique were not significant factors. On multivariate analysis, @entity5 size <2.5 cm, upper outer quadrant @entity5 location, removal of only a single @entity1600 , minimal surgeon experience, presence of a single positive axillary LN, and use of immunohistochemistry (IHC) for @entity1600 analysis were independently associated with an increased risk of @entity2849 results. CONCLUSIONS: Surgeon experience, @entity5 size and location, and the number of @entity1600 removed are preoperative and intraoperative factors that independently predict the risk of a @entity2849 result. In contrast to suggestions from other smaller studies, age does not affect the likelihood of a @entity2849 result; a lesser, rather than greater, number of positive axillary nodes was associated with an increased likelihood of a @entity2849 result; and IHC analysis of the @entity1600 increases, rather than decreases, the risk of @entity2849 results.

title: Clinicopathologic factors associated with false-negative sentinel lymph-node biopsy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node', 'SLN']

entities_list: @entity12670 :: ('MESH:C025484', 'Chemical') :: ['isosulfan blue']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['false negative', 'FN']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) of @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ) slides enables large sets of tissue samples to be analyzed simultaneously on a single slide. However, manual evaluation of small cores on a @entity3145 slide is time consuming and error prone. METHODS: We describe a computer aided scoring and analysis (CASA) method to allow facile and reliable scoring of IHC staining using @entity3145 containing 300 @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) cases. In the two previous published papers utilizing our @entity3145 slides of @entity2 we examined 18 proteins involved in the chromatin machinery. We developed our study using more proteins of the chromatin complex and several transcription factors that facilitate the chromatin machinery. Then, a total of 78 antibodies were evaluated by CASA to derive a normalized intensity value that correlated with the overall staining status of the targeting protein. The intensity values for @entity3145 cores were then examined for association to clinical variables and predictive significance individually and with other factors. RESULTs: Using our @entity3145 , the intensity of several protein pairs were significantly correlated with an increased risk of death in @entity1149 . These included @entity517 with @entity986 , @entity6388 with @entity986 and @entity517 with mSinA. Predictive values of these pairs remained significant when evaluated based on standard IHC scores. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate the usefulness of CASA as a valuable tool for systematic assessment of @entity3145 slides to identify potential predictive biomarkers using a large set of primary @entity1 tissues.

title: Expression Analysis of @entity986 , @entity517 , and @entity6388 in XXXX by Computer Aided Scoring and Analysis (CASA).

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue microarray', 'TMA']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study aims to evaluate the protective effects of @entity7447 ( @entity7447 ) and Cynara scolymus L (CS) on @entity632 ( @entity3105 )-induced @entity137 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty male @entity35 were divided into six groups. Group 1 as a control. Group 2 received @entity3105 (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Group 3 received @entity7447 (200 mg/kg). Group 4 received CS (500 mg/kg). Group 5 received @entity7447 (200 mg/kg) and @entity3105 (10 mg/kg). Group 6 received CS (500 mg/kg) and @entity3105 (10 mg/kg). The @entity35 were then evaluated biochemically and immunohistochemically. RESULTS: @entity3105 produced a significant @entity177 . Moreover, an upsurge of oxidative stress and nitrosative stress markers. The expression of @entity1918 ( @entity1918 ) was increased and @entity1975 ( @entity1975 ) expression was decreased. Administration of @entity7447 and CS resulted in a significant improvement of @entity177 , and an improvement of both @entity1918 and @entity1975 . CONCLUSION: It is concluded that pretreatment with @entity7447 and CS is associated with up-regulation of favorable protective enzymes and down-regulation of oxidative stress. That can be advised as a supplement to @entity3105 -treated @entity1 .

title: Prophylactic role of @entity7447 and Cynara scolymus L on @entity632 -induced @entity137 in XXXX : Biochemical and immunohistochemical study.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1918 :: ('25365(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['a-SMA', 'alpha-smooth muscle actin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['deterioration of hepatic and renal functional parameters', 'hepatic and renal functional parameters']

entities_list: @entity1975 :: ('25737(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: During early embryogenesis of the @entity1573 , the yolk represents the only source of free @entity1522 . @entity368 and @entity367 , together with @entity4857 , predominate in this nonrenewable nutrient supply; @entity2226 and @entity2230 are present in the lowest concentration. The @entity669 level is already twice as high as @entity815 . At embryo day 2 (E2), the not-yet fully functioning vitelline blood plexus demonstrates an @entity535 profile that rather closely resembles that of the yolk, except for three @entity1522 . During the transfer process from yolk to plexus, a certain amount of @entity367 appears to be metabolized to @entity1160 and @entity2574 . @entity2226 and @entity2230 are highly concentrated in the circulation, with a ten-fold increase of @entity2226 and a 50-fold rise in @entity2230 . The @entity669 -to- @entity815 ratio remains 2:1, but their levels relative to @entity4857 and other essential @entity1522 fall by roughly 50%. In the already contracting heart tube and the developing neural tissue on E2, @entity2226 and @entity2230 also accumulate preferentially; the levels in neural tissue are ten- and fivefold higher than in the circulation for the respective @entity1522 , whereas the heart has three time the plexus content of @entity2226 and two times the amount of @entity2230 . @entity669 and @entity815 , still in the same proportion, have risen to approximately twice the circulation values. The heart tube, unlike the primitive brain, concentrates @entity368 , whereas @entity6778 accumulates in both organs. Injections of @entity4857 (50 mumol) and @entity2226 (200 mumol) into the yolk on E1 demonstrate that a higher yolk content of an @entity535 can result in a two- to threefold tissue increase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Methods to study changing free XXXX pools during embryonic @entity1573 development.

entities_list: @entity2226 :: ('MESH:D013654', 'Chemical') :: ['taurine', 'Taurine']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine', 'Leucine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2230 :: ('MESH:C005448', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine', 'tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartic acid']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE To determine whether @entity384 ( @entity384 ) would occur after an indwelling ureteral stent was left in place in healthy @entity235 for 2 or 6 weeks, ureteroscopy would be possible at the time of stent removal, and @entity384 would be reversible after stent removal. ANIMALS 5 healthy adult female Beagles. PROCEDURES A ureteral stent was cystoscopically placed in each ureter of each @entity235 with fluoroscopic guidance (week 0). One stent was removed from 1 ureter in each @entity235 after 2 weeks (ureter group 1), and the other was removed after 6 weeks (ureter group 2); removal timing was randomized. Computed tomographic excretory urography was performed every 2 weeks from weeks 0 through 10 to measure ureteral diameters. Ureteroscopy was attempted at the time of ureteral stent removal in each group. Ureteral diameters were compared among measurement points. RESULTS The degree of @entity384 was significant after 2 and 6 weeks of stent placement in both ureter groups. Mean diameter of the midportion of the ureter in both groups prior to stent placement was 1.70 mm (range, 1.3 to 2.7 mm). At stent removal, mean diameter of the midportion of the ureter was 2.86 mm (range, 2.4 to 3.1 mm) in group 1 and 2.80 mm (range, 2.1 to 3.4 mm) in group 2. Ureteroscopy was successfully performed in all @entity235 up to the renal pelvis. Compared with week 0 values for diameter of the midportion of the ureter, the degree of @entity384 induced by stent placement had reversed by week 8 in group 1 (mean diameter, 2.00 mm [range, 1.5 to 2.3 mm]). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that ureteral stent placement for 2 weeks would result in sufficient @entity384 in healthy @entity235 to allow ureteroscopy at the time of stent removal and that the original ureteral diameter would eventually be restored. Additional research is needed to determine whether findings would be similar for @entity235 with @entity5450 .

title: Passive XXXX and ureteroscopy after ureteral stent placement in five healthy Beagles.

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['PUD', 'passive ureteral dilation']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract disease']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['ureteral dilation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to describe the clinical features and urodynamic findings of a black female inner-city population with @entity322 and @entity3134 . STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of the urogynecoloy records of 159 black female @entity1 was performed. RESULTS: Genital prolapse was common. A cystocele was identified in 116 @entity1 , a rectocele in 88 @entity1 , and uterine or @entity3577 in 41 @entity1 . Subtracted multichannel cystometry revealed detrusor overactivity in 58 @entity1 , genuine @entity3142 in 44 @entity1 , and mixed @entity322 in 30 @entity1 . Sixteen @entity1 had normal urodynamic studies. The presence of a cystocele and the physical sign of @entity3142 at initial examination were found equally in @entity1 with genuine @entity3142 , @entity1344 , and mixed @entity322 at cystometry. There was no correlation between other commonly associated clinical factors (such as age, parity, and @entity28 ) and the urodynamic diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Many of the factors commonly assumed to predispose @entity1 to the development of @entity322 and prolapse may not apply to the black inner-city population. Urodynamic testing to establish the correct diagnosis is required, because the correlation between symptoms, physical examination, and urodynamic findings is relatively poor in this population.

title: Clinical features of @entity322 and XXXX in a black inner-city population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity3134 :: ('MESH:D011391', 'Disease') :: ['uterovaginal prolapse']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['detrusor instability']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal vault prolapse']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence']

answer: @entity3577 :: (MESH:D056887,Disease) :: ['urogenital prolapse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low @entity560 and @entity1254 levels are both associated with @entity28 and @entity65 . Previous studies have indicated that @entity560 levels are directly associated with @entity1254 , and that this association varies across body mass index (BMI) categories; stronger with increasing BMI. Few studies examined this association in African-Americans (AA), known to have lower levels of @entity560 and @entity1254 , and in whites. METHODS: We assessed whether serum @entity560 is associated with serum @entity1254 in a biracial population-based sample. Cross-sectional analyses were performed on 426 non-diabetic @entity1 (218 whites and 208 AA) from the META-Health Study, a random sample from the metro Atlanta. Age-adjusted correlations and multivariable linear regression were used for analyses. We investigated the effect modification of the BMI categories of lean, overweight, and @entity28 as defined by standard cut-points (25 and 30   kg/m(2)). RESULTS: The mean (SD) age of our study sample was 50.5 (9) years. The mean (SD) levels of @entity560 were 27.4 (9.8) ng/mL in white @entity1 , 25.5 (9.3) ng/mL in white @entity1 , 16.9 (7.3) ng/mL in AA @entity1 , and 18.8 (7.3) ng/mL in AA @entity1 . The mean (SD) levels of @entity1254 were 17.0 (17.1)  g/mL in white @entity1 , 9.9 (11.3)  g/mL in white @entity1 , 6.6 (4.8)  g/mL in AA @entity1 , and 9.4 (11.6)  g/mL in AA @entity1 . Among lean white @entity1 (n   =   63), there was a significant direct association between @entity560 and @entity1254 (b   =   0.02, p   =   0.04) after adjustment for age, systolic blood pressure, HDL- @entity165 , @entity1674 , income, and season of blood drawing. On the contrary, in lean AA @entity1 (n   =   23), there was a significant inverse association (b   =   -0.06, p   =   0.01). CONCLUSION: The association of @entity560 and @entity1254 is dependent on race, gender, and BMI category. Among lean white @entity1 , there was a significant direct association, whereas in lean AA @entity1 the association was inverse. No association was present among @entity28 individuals.

title: Association between XXXX and @entity1254 and Its Relationship with Body Mass Index: The META-Health Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity560 :: (MESH:D014807,Chemical) :: ['Vitamin D']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity715 ( @entity715 ) is still concerned by interventional cardiologists in daily clinical practice. This study aimed to compare the incidence of @entity715 after implantation of different drug-eluting stents (DES) in @entity301 ( @entity301 ) @entity1 in the real world. METHODS: From December 2001 to February 2009, a total of 11 875 consecutive @entity301 @entity1 undergone @entity734 were enrolled in this single-center registry study. @entity1 with acute ST-segment elevation @entity583 , mixed @entity734 , @entity75 , and @entity1 who could not take dual antiplatelet medication and those who were contraindicated for coronary interventional treatment were excluded. All @entity1 were treated with completed dual antiplatelet medications for at least 9 months after DES deployment. The follow-up was completed by outpatient visits, letter correspondence, phone calls and coronary angiography. Definite @entity715 was diagnosed according to the @entity4207 . RESULTS: @entity20204 or @entity20204 Select stents were implanted in 4104 cases, Taxus or Taxus Liberty stents in 2271 cases and Firebird stents (Chinese @entity3446 -eluting stents) in 5500 cases. One-year follow-up was completed in 9693 @entity1 , including 3346 cases with @entity20204 or @entity20204 Select stents, 1529 cases with Taxus or Taxus Liberty stents and 4818 cases with Firebird stents. Two- and three-year follow-up results were obtained in 7133 and 4353 @entity1 , respectively, including 2410 and 1760 cases with @entity20204 or @entity20204 Select stents, 1285 and 900 cases with Taxus or Taxus Liberty stents as well as 3438 and 1693 cases with Firebird stents. One-year follow-up results showed that the incidence of @entity715 was 1.08% in @entity1 with @entity20204 or @entity20204 Select stents, 1.24% in those with Taxus or Taxus Liberty stents and 0.71% in those with Firebird stents; there was no significant difference between those with @entity20204 or @entity20204 Select and Firebird stents, but there was significant difference between those with Taxus or Taxus Liberty and Firebird stents (P = 0.044). The incidence of @entity715 at the 2- and 3-year follow-up was 1.33% and 1.70% in those with @entity20204 or @entity20204 Select stents, 1.40% and 1.70% in those with Taxus or Taxus Liberty stents, and 0.83% and 0.95% in those with Firebird stents, respectively. There were no significant differences among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that first-generation DES are acceptable to treat complex coronary lesions, and there is no significant difference of @entity715 for three different DES.

title: Comparison of the incidence of late stent @entity715 after implantation of different drug-eluting stents in the real world @entity301 XXXX : three-year follow-up results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis lesions']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['Academic Research Consortium (ARC) definition']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['LST', 'Late stent thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['DES implantation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Two very small intracanalicular @entity5 , resected en bloc with the complete eighth nerve, were serially sectioned in order to study the relationship between the @entity5 and the nerves of origin. Both cases met the size criteria for hearing conservation surgery; however, the @entity1 with the smaller @entity5 and the better hearing had no recognizable cochlear nerve fibers passing the @entity5 . The cochlear nerve in the @entity1 with poorer hearing was completely free of @entity5 . The @entity5 with the infiltrated cochlear nerve seemed to originate from the @entity4237 . The other @entity5 seemed to arise from the superior vestibular nerve. Proximally, the @entity5 occupied a more central location in the involved nerves, but they abruptly became eccentric and exophytic as they proceeded laterally. Nerve fibers remaining about the @entity5 were displaced to the periphery. These nerve fiber aggregates became quite thin and attenuated, frequently separating into smaller aggregates which, ultimately, were incorporated into the @entity5 . As fibers came closer to the @entity5 , they tended to change from their longitudinal direction toward a more circumferential orientation about the surface of the @entity5 . The @entity5 -nerve fiber interfaces were quite variable throughout the course of the @entity5 , ranging from large aggregates of nerve fibers distinctly separate from the @entity5 to aggregates separate but tightly applied to the @entity5 without a tissue plane between, to aggregates partially incorporated within the periphery of the @entity5 , to aggregates completely incorporated into the periphery of the @entity5 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Histologic findings in two very small intracanalicular solitary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4237 :: ('MESH:D000160', 'Disease') :: ['inferior vestibular nerve']

answer: @entity4237 :: (MESH:D000160,Disease) :: ['schwannomas of the eighth nerve']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated a peer leader-support program (PLSP) for @entity6 self-management in China in terms of acceptability and feasibility; implementation; perceived advantages; disadvantages and barriers; reach and recruitment; effectiveness in terms of @entity6 knowledge and clinical impacts; adoption; and sustainability. METHODS: Within each of 3 cities in Anhui Province, 2 subcommunities were randomly assigned to usual care or PLSP. Peer leaders and staff of Community Health Service Centers (CHSCs) co-led biweekly educational meetings. Peer leaders also led biweekly discussion meetings, promoted regular care through the CHSCs, organized informal health promotion activities (eg, walking and tai chi groups), and provided informal individual support to @entity1 through casual contact. RESULTS: Qualitative evaluations indicated acceptance of and positive responses to the program among @entity1 , peer leaders, and CHSC staff. Implementation was successful in 2 of 3 subcommunities, the third failing for lack of staff resources. Reported advantages included peer support as a bridge between CHSCs and their @entity1 . In 2 sites where the PLSP was implemented, analyses controlling for baseline differences and site showed significant benefits for PLSP relative to controls (P <0.05) for knowledge, self-efficacy, BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and both fasting and 2-hour post-prandial blood @entity413 . The Anhui Provincial Health Bureau has extended the PLSP model to other communities and to @entity65 prevention and management. CONCLUSION: The PLSP was well accepted, feasible given sufficient administrative and staff resources, effective for those who participated, and generalizable to other sites and health problems.

title: Peer Support for XXXX Management in Primary Care and Community Settings in Anhui Province, China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: @entity2135 and II genes are expressed in developing lung tissue, but the details of distribution during different stages of lung development have not been delineated. To define the role of IGFs in lung development, the expression of @entity2135 and @entity2620 mRNAs and peptides was examined in @entity35 lungs from 16-day gestation through adulthood. The expression of stable IGF mRNAs was investigated by Northern analysis, IGF mRNAs were localized by in situ hybridization histochemistry, and IGF peptides were localized by immunohistochemistry. Four @entity2620 transcripts (3.5, 2.2, 1.8, and 1.0 kb) were identified; @entity2620 mRNA levels were highest early in fetal life (day 16-18) and decreased gradually until 28 days postnatal. Four @entity2135 transcripts (7.8, 4.4, 2.1, and 0.6 kb) were detected but were of low abundance. @entity2620 mRNA was localized mainly in mesenchymal cells but was also identified in the airway epithelium, with peak expression in the perinatal lung. @entity2620 peptide was prominent in late fetal life and for 5 days after birth and was identified in both mesenchymal and epithelial cells. In contrast, there was little evidence of @entity2135 mRNA and peptide until after birth: @entity2135 was most easily identified between 5 and 14 days postnatal (the height of alveolar multiplication and formation), when both mRNA and peptide were localized to mesenchymal and epithelial cells. Our studies demonstrate that @entity2135 and @entity2620 are synthesized and distributed in spatially and temporally different patterns in the developing lung. @entity2135 and @entity2620 peptides are more widely identified than their respective mRNAs, suggesting a paracrine distribution in the developing lung.

title: Spatial and temporal distribution of insulin-like growth factors I and II during development of XXXX lung.

entities_list: @entity2135 :: ('24482(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-I', 'Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) I']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: We retrospectively investigated the safety and efficacy on outpatient chemotherapy including bevacizumab(BV)as secondline therapy for inoperable metastatic @entity14 . Analytical subjects were thirty @entity1 treated with chemotherapy including BV as second-line therapy after first disease progression. All @entity1 were treated with BV 5mg/kg. Concurrent therapy was given mFOLFOX6(2 @entity1 )and FOLFIRI(28 @entity1 ). The BV treatment frequency and all course treatment frequency including the prior regimens averaged 20 and 37 times, respectively. The overall response rate was 24. 1%(PR, 7 @entity1 ; SD, 17 @entity1 ; @entity1726 , 5 @entity1 ), and the median duration of progression-free survival was 8. 0 months. The median duration of survival after addition of BV was 20. 3 months. The adverse events were 84%(>grade 3, 9%), BV-associated adverse events were @entity937 (1 @entity1 ), @entity548 (1 @entity1 ), grade 3 @entity101 (1 @entity1 )and grade 2 epitaxis(2 @entity1 ). Although it is necessary to be careful about @entity548 and @entity937 , we could safely continue the treatment with BV on outpatient chemotherapy. We confirmed that the chemotherapy including BV as second-line therapy had high antitumor effect and @entity1 benefit.

title: [Bevacizumab in combination with mFOLFOX6 or FOLFIRI for previously treated metastatic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['GI perforation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['GI hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Shellfish (Niotha clathrata) were collected in both July and November from three locations in Taiwan (Pingtung, Kaohsiung and Chiai Prefecture) and assayed for anatomical distribution of @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ) and aerobic heterotrophic bacteria. Pingtung specimens showed higher @entity137 than those from Kaohsiung and Chiai, and did not show much seasonal variation. At each site, the total aerobic bacterial counts in November samples were higher than in July. The predominant genera were Vibrio, Pseudomonas, @entity12196 , Aeromonas and Plesiomonas. Vibrio comprised more than 35% of the genera, with @entity12671 as the major species. The viable counts of Vibrio species were higher in November than in July. However, the results did not suggest any relationship between the total count or viable count and the @entity137 of the shellfish. HPLC, UV and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses demonstrated that some of the bacteria isolated, such as @entity12671 , @entity8966 , Pseudomonas spp. Plesiomonas sp. and Aeromonas sp., produced @entity4524 and/or related substances.

title: Microflora and XXXX -producing bacteria in a gastropod, Niotha clathrata.

entities_list: @entity12671 :: ('663', 'Species') :: ['V. alginolyticus']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8966 :: ('670', 'Species') :: ['V. parahaemolyticus']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity12196 :: ('MESH:D010326', 'Disease') :: ['Pasteurella']

answer: @entity1022 :: (MESH:D013779,Chemical) :: ['tetrodotoxin']


abstract: Sepsis causes @entity2383 and swelling. @entity19529 (EP) is a cytoprotective agent, while @entity19530 ( @entity19530 ) is a mitochondrial water channel that can induce @entity2383 . We assessed whether EP protects mitochondria during @entity295 , and whether @entity19530 contributes to the underlying mechanisms. A @entity1588 ( @entity1588 ) @entity295 model was established in @entity35 , randomized to 3 groups: sham (n=20), @entity1588 (n=59) and @entity1588 +EP (n=51). All @entity35 received postoperative intraperitoneal fluid resuscitation (30 ml/kg); the @entity1588 +EP group also received intraperitoneal EP (100 mg/kg). Survival was assessed at 24 hours. Hepatic mitochondrial ultrastructure was characterized by electron microscopy. The membrane potential of isolated hepatic mitochondria was determined using JC-1 and flow cytometry. Mitochondrial @entity19530 expression and cytochrome C (Cyt C) release were measured by Western blotting (values normalized to   -actin). Survival in the sham, @entity1588 and @entity1588 +EP groups was 100%, 21% and 41%, respectively. Mitochondrial cross-sectional area was smaller in the @entity1588 +EP group than in the @entity1588 group (0.231  0.110 vs. 0.641  0.460   m(2); P<0.001), with a tendency for a lower form factor (a measure of contour irregularity) in the @entity1588 +EP group. Mitochondrial depolarization by @entity1588 was inhibited by EP. Mitochondrial Cyt C release was higher in the @entity1588 group than in the sham (1.211  0.24 vs. 0.48  0.03) or @entity1588 +EP (0.35  0.39) groups. @entity19530 expression was similar between groups, with a trend for lower expression in the @entity1588 +EP group compared with the @entity1588 group. EP improves @entity295 outcome by targeting the mitochondrion, possibly through modulation of @entity19530 expression.

title: @entity19529 reduces hepatic @entity2383 in a XXXX model of @entity295 .

entities_list: @entity19529 :: ('MESH:C046522', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethyl pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity1588 :: ('MESH:D002429', 'Disease') :: ['CLP', 'cecal ligation and puncture']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial oxidative injury', 'mitochondrial swelling']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Androgens play a central role in @entity263 progression. Systemic and local @entity342 bioavailability is controlled by @entity858 -glucuronosyltransferases conjugating enzymes ( @entity6900 ), namely @entity20986 , @entity20987 and @entity20988 . Reporter vector assays in HEK293 cells initially validated in silico-predicted regulatory potential of candidate miRNAs to target @entity6900 transcripts, including @entity20989 , @entity20990 and @entity20991 for @entity20987 , miR-331-5p and @entity20989 for @entity20986 while none were efficient for @entity20988 . @entity20989 was shown as the most effective to downregulate @entity20986 and @entity20987 through interactions with a site conserved in both UGTs. Ectopic @entity20989 expression in @entity263 cells significantly reduced @entity20986 and @entity20987 expression (>32%; P<0.005) with a consequent decrease in @entity586 glucuronidation (-37%; P<0.001). Consistent with reduced @entity342 inactivation, ectopic expression of @entity20989 changed expression of @entity342 responsive genes and enhanced cell proliferation with no effect on @entity342 receptor levels. Sustaining a role of @entity20989 in the regulation of @entity342 -inactivating UGTs, its expression was significantly downregulated in @entity263 and further reduced in @entity3 (P<0.0001), whereas the opposite was observed for @entity20986 /17 (P=0.031). In high-grade @entity5 (Gleason >= 8), @entity20986 /17 and @entity20989 were inversely correlated (r=-0.557; P=0.048) with also a significant relationship in @entity3 (r=-0.747; P=0.003). In line with a modification in @entity342 bioavailability, PSA mRNA levels were also negatively correlated to those of @entity20986 /17 (r=-0.573; P=0.01) but positively linked to levels of @entity20989 (r=0.577; P=0.039). This study reveals that the @entity342 -inactivating @entity20986 and @entity20987 genes are direct targets of @entity20989 and thus may influence @entity479 metabolism during @entity263 progression.

title: Epigenetic regulation of @entity479 inactivating @entity858 -glucuronosyltransferases by microRNAs in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'prostatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The relative rarity of primary progressive (PP) and transitional progressive (TP) @entity15 has meant that little documentation of cognitive function in such @entity1 is currently available. The aim of this study was to investigate the cognitive skills of @entity1 with PP and TP @entity15 relative to matched healthy controls, and to examine the relationship of this @entity73 . Sixty-three @entity1 (43 PP, 20 TP) were individually matched with healthy controls, who undertook the same cognitive tasks as the @entity1 group. The neuropsychological assessment comprised Rao's brief repeatable battery, a reasoning test, and a measure of @entity308 . @entity1 also underwent T1- and T2-weighted brain MRI. These @entity1 were taken from a larger cohort (158 PP, 33 TP) in whom it had been demonstrated that the re were no significant differences between the mean scores of the PP and TP groups on any of the cognitive variables. The 63 @entity1 were therefore taken as one group for comparison with the healthy controls. These @entity1 performed significantly worse than the controls in tests of verbal memory, attention, verbal fluency and spatial reasoning. An impairment index was constructed and applied to the @entity1 data. This correlated modestly with T2-lesion load (r = 0.45, P = 0.01), T1-hypointensity load (r = 0.45, P = 0.01) and cerebral volume (r = -0.35, P = 0.01). Thus, PP and TP @entity15 @entity1 demonstrate significant @entity73 when compared with matched healthy controls. The relationship between this impairment and MRI parameters is moderate, suggesting that @entity73 in PP and TP @entity15 has a complex and multifactorial aetiology, which is not adequately explained by pathology as demonstrated on conventional MRI.

title: Cognitive function in primary progressive and transitional progressive XXXX : a controlled study with MRI correlates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction', 'impairment to MRI parameters']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: Cold @entity1503 followed by terminal cardioplegia was employed as a method of myocardial protection for acquired @entity340 . Postoperative clinical results of both cardiac iso-enzyme and cardiac function were discussed from the effect of the myocardial protection. In operative procedures of 62 cases, 30 cases underwent mitral valve replacement and other mitral repair, 17 cases aortic valve replacement, 10 cases double valve replacement and 5 cases modified Bentall operation. Iso-enzymes of @entity908 -Kinase (CK) and Lactate-Dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured by the constant time-interval. Cardiac function was estimated in acute postoperative phase and late phase. Hospital mortality was 1.5%. The cause of @entity204 was thought to be postoperative Graft @entity2132 with @entity1910 and @entity3043 . Cardiac function during acute phase well recovered in 62 cases of which two cases were controlled with intra-aortic balloon pumping. The values of CK-MB were measured during aortic cross-clamp, 30 min, 3 hours, 6 hours and 24 hours after cross-clamp release. Peak CK-MB value was detected 3 hours or 6 hours in almost cases. In contrast, peak LDH-1 value was detected 24 hours after cross-clamp release. Perioperative @entity583 was occurred in one case with modified Bentall operation whose CK-MB value was elevated over 150 IU/L at 3rd hour and 24th hour. However, the cardiac radio-isotope data of this case revealed @entity299 with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 76% by cardiac pool imaging in spite of small postero-lateral perfusion defect by Thallium 201 scintigram.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Operative results of acquired @entity340 with XXXX followed by terminal cardioplegia].

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatine']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood cardioplegia']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['Versus Host Disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['good cardiac function']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular disease']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['blood cardioplegia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Glycated hemoglobin has been suggested to be superior to fasting @entity413 for the prediction of @entity455 and @entity204 from any cause. The aim of the present work was to analyze and compare the predictive value of glycated hemoglobin and fasting @entity413 on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in subjects who underwent coronary angiography. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied 2,686 @entity1 of the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular health study without a history of @entity6 . The majority of this cohort had @entity453 . Glycated hemoglobin was measured at the baseline examination. The mean (   SD) duration of the follow-up for all-cause, cardiovascular, and @entity5 mortality was 7.54    2.1 years. RESULTS: A total of 508 @entity204 occurred during the follow-up. Of those, 299 were accounted for by @entity65 and 79 by @entity5 . Baseline glycated hemoglobin was predictive of all-cause, cardiovascular, and @entity5 mortality. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) (95% CI) for glycated hemoglobin values of <5.0, 5.0-5.4, 5.5-5.9, 6.0-6.4, 6.5-7.4, and >= 7.5% for all-cause mortality were 1.36 (0.85-2.18), 1.00 (0.76-1.32), 1.00 (reference), 1.11 (0.88-1.41), 1.39 (1.07-1.82), and 2.15 (1.32-3.53), respectively. Similar J-shaped relationships were found between glycated hemoglobin and cardiovascular and @entity5 mortality. The associations of glycated hemoglobin with all-cause and @entity65 remained significant after inclusion of fasting @entity413 as a covariate. However, fasting @entity413 was not significantly related to mortality when adjusting for glycated hemoglobin. CONCLUSIONS: Glycated hemoglobin significantly and independently of fasting @entity413 predicts all-cause and @entity65 in whites at intermediate to high cardiovascular risk.

title: Glycated hemoglobin predicts all-cause, cardiovascular, and @entity5 mortality in @entity1 without a history of XXXX undergoing coronary angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality', 'cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']