abstract: Although @entity4878 reveal various biologic and biochemical activities on epidermal keratinocytes, their effects on the epidermal @entity1919 ( @entity268 ) system has been less well characterized. In order to elucidate the relation between them, an in vitro @entity1707 skin-slice incubation system was employed. After a long-term (up to 24 h) incubation in vitro, control skin responded to @entity1425 only slightly. The addition of @entity14028 , an active derivative of @entity18143 (etretinate) in the incubation medium, resulted in an increase of the beta-adrenergic adenylate cyclase response of epidermis. On the other hand, @entity112 -induced @entity268 accumulation was decreased by the retinoid treatment after long-term incubation. The augmentation of the beta-adrenergic response was observed at 1 microM concentration and the maximal effect was observed at 10 microM. There was no significant difference in @entity268 phosphodiesterase activities between the control and @entity554 -treated skin. The effect was also observed by the addition of @entity1968 , @entity904 , and @entity18143 ; the latter two compounds revealed much lesser effects. The addition of combinations of various drugs ( @entity14028 and @entity701 ; @entity14028 and @entity3812 ) resulted in more marked (additive or synergistic) effects than the single addition of each chemical. On the other hand, the addition of @entity14028 and @entity1968 resulted in neither additive nor synergistic effect, suggesting that they probably work on the same site. Our data indicate that the epidermal beta-adrenergic adenylate cyclase response is modulated by @entity4878 probably as an independent mechanism stimulated by glucocorticoids or @entity3812 .

title: Effects of @entity4878 on the @entity1919 system of XXXX skin epidermis.

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['retinol']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['all-trans-retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity465 (C8) is a very rare primary @entity465 , associated with invasive, recurrent infections mainly caused by Neisseria species. We report functional and immunochemical @entity38403 diagnosed in three Albanian siblings who presented with severe @entity7135 at the age of 15 years, 4 years and 17 months, respectively. The youngest suffered serious complications ( @entity39 of fingers and toes requiring amputation). METHODS: Functional activity of the classical, alternative and @entity3913 -binding lectin complement pathways was measured in serum from the 3 siblings and their parents (37-year-old @entity1 and 42-year-old @entity1 ). Forty healthy subjects (20 males and 20 females aged 4-38 years) served as normal controls. Serum complement factors were measured by haemolytic assays and immunoblotting. Sequence DNA analysis of the @entity37673 gene was performed. RESULTS: Analyses of the three complement pathways revealed no haemolytic activity and also absence of @entity37673 in serum samples from all three siblings. The genetic analysis showed that the three siblings were homozygous for the @entity38404 mutation in the @entity37673 gene on chromosome 1p32 (MIM 120960). The parents were heterozygous for the mutation and presented normal complement activities. A 2-year follow-up revealed no further infective episodes in the siblings after antibiotic prophylaxis and meningococcal vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: @entity465 are rare and their occurrence is often underestimated. In presence of invasive @entity7135 , we highlight the importance of complement screening in @entity1 and their relatives in order to discover any @entity74 which would render necessary prophylaxis to prevent recurrent @entity281 .

title: Invasive XXXX in three siblings with @entity465 : evidence for the importance of an early diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections and severe complications']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['Complement deficiencies', 'immunodeficiency', 'Deficiency of the eighth component of complement']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defects']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal infection', 'meningococcal infections']

answer: @entity7135 :: (MESH:D008589,Disease) :: ['meningococcal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have shown considerable heritability of blood pressure, thus suggesting a role for genetic factors. Previous studies have shown an association of a single nucleotide polymorphism @entity41738 in the @entity8224 locus gene with higher levels of circulating atrial natriuretic peptide as well as with lower intra individual blood pressure, but up to date, no association between @entity41738 and cardiac organ damage, i.e. @entity4346 , has been accounted for in @entity1 . We sought to explore if @entity41738 is associated with @entity4346 as measured by echocardiographic examination in a non- @entity6 population. METHODS: 968 non- @entity6 individuals from the Malm   Preventive Project (mean age 67 years; 31% @entity1 ) were genotyped and examined with echocardiography. Logistic regression was used to adjust for covariates. RESULTS: The minor allele of @entity41738 was associated with decreased prevalence of @entity4346 (p = 0.021) after adjustment for sex and age. In the multivariate logistic analysis including; age, sex, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive and/or cardioprotective treatment, body mass index and fasting plasma @entity413 , the association of @entity41738 with @entity4346 was, as expected, attenuated (p = 0.061). CONCLUSION: In a non- @entity6 population, the minor allele of @entity41738 was associated with lower left ventricular mass. These findings suggest that @entity41738 , or genetic variants in linkage disequilibrium, might affect susceptibility to @entity4346 and support the possible protective role of natriuretic peptides.

title: A genetic variant of the atrial natriuretic peptide gene is associated with @entity4346 in a non- XXXX population--the Malm   preventive project study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate effects of @entity28 on sex @entity134 levels during treatment with a @entity4396 agonist in @entity1 with @entity263 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Forty-nine hormone-na  ve @entity1 with recurrent or locally advanced @entity263 were included in the analyses. All subjects were treated with @entity3086 3-month depot for 48 weeks. Serum levels of @entity53 , @entity443 , total @entity251 , and free @entity251 were assessed at baseline, 24 weeks, and 48 weeks. Subjects were categorized by body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat. RESULTS: Pretreatment serum @entity443 and total @entity251 levels were significantly lower in overweight and @entity28 @entity1 than in @entity1 with normal BMI. In the overall study population, mean serum @entity251 concentrations decreased from 372 +/- 18 ng/dL at baseline to 13 +/- 1 ng/dL at week 48 (P < 0.001). Free @entity251 decreased from 6.75 +/- 0.33 ng/dL at baseline to 0.21 +/- 0.02 ng/dL at week 48 (P < 0.001). During treatment with @entity3086 , @entity28 @entity1 had significantly higher total and free @entity251 levels than @entity1 with normal BMI. Compared with normal @entity1 , total and free @entity251 levels during treatment were 1.8-fold and 2.3-fold higher in @entity28 @entity1 . Similar results were observed when subjects were categorized by body fat. CONCLUSIONS: Despite lower pretreatment serum @entity251 levels, @entity28 @entity1 have higher total and free @entity251 levels during @entity3086 treatment than @entity1 with normal BMI. These differences may contribute to the association between @entity28 and @entity263 mortality.

title: @entity28 and sex steroids during @entity4396 agonist treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4396 :: ('2796', 'Gene') :: ['gonadotropin-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity3086 :: ('MESH:D016729', 'Chemical') :: ['leuprolide']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'increased prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone-binding globulin']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: It has been reported that the presence of @entity1781 drusen is mostly not associated with a reduction in function of the visual organ. At present by using more precise diagnostic tools it is possible to find more pathology. The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in peripapillar RNFL thickness and VEP parameters in a group of @entity1 at the Department of Ophthalmology in Pozna  , with diagnosed visible idiopathic @entity1781 drusen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have reviewed the medical records of 7 @entity1 (5 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ) age range 43 - 61 years, mean age 51 years, with idiopathic visible @entity1781 drusen confirmed by ultrasound B scan. RNFL were measured with use of an @entity6653 system (Stratus, Zeiss): fast RNFL thickness = 3.4. VEP were evaluated with use of a 60 pattern. RESULTS: In all @entity1 @entity6653 has shown a thinnig of peripapillar retinal nerve fiber layer. The lowest values were found in the superior and inferior quadrants. In 9 eyes we recorded VEPs with prolonged latency P100 from 117.2 - 135.8 msec, with a small reduction of the P100 amplitude. CONCLUSIONS: Idiopathic visible @entity1781 drusen are associated with changes in peripapillar RNFL thickness, especially in the superior and inferior quadrants. The anatomic pathology is related to functional abnormalities as confirmed with VEP. Detection of this type of drusen should be an indication to search for possible RNFL and VEP pathologies and to monitor their possible progression.

title: [ XXXX and PVEP examination in eyes with visible idiopathic @entity1781 drusen].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic disc']

answer: @entity6653 :: (5362,Gene) :: ['OCT']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of @entity7368 (Brevibloc) as an additional adjunct to low-dose @entity680 premedication in controlling the hemodynamic response [heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and intraocular pressure (IOP)] to @entity2900 and endotracheal intubation. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective study. SETTING: Ambulatory gynecologic surgery at a university medical center. @entity1 : Twenty ASA physical status I and II female @entity1 scheduled for outpatient laparoscopy under general anesthesia. INTERVENTIONS: All @entity1 received @entity680 10 micrograms/kg as a preoperative medication 4 minutes prior to induction of anesthesia. Study @entity1 (n = 10 in each group) received either @entity7368 1.5 mg/kg or a placebo (normal saline) 30 seconds prior to induction (210 seconds after @entity680 and 90 seconds prior to endotracheal intubation). Anesthesia was induced with thiopental @entity1372 5 mg/kg and @entity2900 1 mg/kg. Postintubation, 70% @entity3810 , 30% @entity26 , and 1% @entity5161 were administered. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Time of study drug administration was defined as time zero. Measurements of HR, MAP, and IOP were made at baseline ( @entity1 awake) and at each minute from minutes 1 through 6 after administration of the study drug (time zero). Analysis of variance was used to analyze the data, with a value of p less than 0.05 considered significant. @entity7368 1.5 mg/kg was found to blunt the maximum increase in HR but not MAP or IOP following low-dose @entity680 premedication. CONCLUSIONS: In an eye @entity1 with @entity453 , or in any @entity1 in whom @entity591 may be detrimental, @entity7368 may be a useful adjunct in combination with low-dose @entity680 to attenuate the increase in HR due to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.

title: Effect of @entity7368 on hemodynamics and intraocular pressure response to @entity2900 and intubation following low-dose XXXX premedication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity7368 :: ('MESH:C036604', 'Chemical') :: ['esmolol hydrochloride', 'Esmolol', 'esmolol']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['succinylcholine']

answer: @entity680 :: (MESH:D015760,Chemical) :: ['alfentanil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of @entity9886 on the progression of renal function in non- @entity6 @entity1 with @entity177 in an open, prospective, follow-up study of 1 year. METHODS: Twenty-nine @entity101 @entity1 (14 females and 15 males; mean age 63 years.) with non- @entity6 @entity177 of several causes received @entity9886 50 mg/day (plus other antihypertensive agents if needed) and were followed-up prospectively during 13+/-1 months. Eighteen @entity1 received angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors plus other antihypertensive drugs at baseline. @entity1 had been followed-up for 44+/-4 months prior to the treatment with @entity9886 . The rate of progression of @entity177 was evaluated as the slope of the reciprocal of serum @entity1011 vs time in months. RESULTS: Blood pressure, @entity1011 clearance and urinary protein excretion at baseline and after 1 year of treatment with @entity9886 were: 149+/-3/90+/-1 vs 142+/-2/84+/-1 mmHg (P<0.01/P<0.05), 29+/-3 vs 29+/-3 ml/min (P=NS), and 1.7+/-0.4 vs 1.2+/-0.2 g/24 h (P=0.11, NS). Serum @entity1011 at baseline, and after 6 months and 1 year of treatment with @entity9886 was: 3.18+/-0.24, 3.24+/-0.27 (P=NS vs baseline) and 3.49+/-0.32 mg ml (P<0.05 vs baseline). The rate of progression of @entity8 before and after 1 year of treatment with @entity9886 was -0.0039+/-0.0058 vs -0.0012+/-0.0073 mg/month (P<0.01). Changes in @entity644 after 1 year of treatment with @entity9886 correlated with the change in @entity8 progression (r=-0.519, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of progression of renal function in @entity1 with non- @entity6 @entity177 is slowed down after 1 year of treatment with @entity9886 . The results of this preliminary study suggest that AT1 receptor blockade treatment offers renoprotection in this subset of @entity1 , although these results need to be confirmed in appropriate controlled trials.

title: Effect of angiotensin II receptor blockade on XXXX progression in @entity1 with non- @entity6 @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal disease']


abstract: Diagnosis of @entity1187 is based on protein biomarkers, such as the cardiac troponins ( @entity6949 / @entity10020 ) and @entity908 kinase (CK-MB) that are released into the circulation. Biomarker discovery is focused on identifying very low abundance tissue-derived analytes from within albumin-rich plasma, in which the wide dynamic range of the native protein complement hinders classical proteomic investigations. We employed an ex vivo @entity95 model of @entity741 /reperfusion (I/R) injury using Langendorff buffer perfusion. Nonrecirculating perfusate was collected over a temporal profile of 60 min reperfusion following brief, reversible @entity63 (15 min; 15I/60R) for comparison with irreversible I/R (60I/60R). Perfusate proteins were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and identified by mass spectrometry (MS), revealing 26 tissue-specific proteins released during reperfusion post-15I. Proteins released during irreversible I/R (60I/60R) were profiled using gel-based (2-DE and one-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry; geLC-MS) and gel-free (LC-MS/MS) methods. A total of 192 tissue-specific proteins were identified during reperfusion post-60I. Identified proteins included those previously associated with I/R (myoglobin, CK-MB, @entity6949 , and @entity10020 ), in addition to examples currently under investigation in large cohort studies (heart-type @entity844 binding protein; FABPH). The postischemic release profile of a novel cardiac-specific protein, @entity462 and @entity2228 -rich protein 3 ( @entity14339 ; @entity14339 ) was validated by Western blot analysis. We also identified @entity14339 in serum from 6 of 8 @entity1 postreperfusion following acute @entity583 . These studies indicate that animal modeling of biomarker release using ex vivo buffer perfused tissue to limit the presence of obfuscating plasma proteins may identify candidates for further study in @entity1 .

title: Release of tissue-specific proteins into coronary perfusate as a model for biomarker discovery in XXXX /reperfusion injury.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity14339 :: ('8048', 'Gene') :: ['cardiac LIM domain protein', 'Csrp3']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: A 52-week oral repeated dose @entity137 study of suplatast tosilate (IPD-1151T), a newly developed anti-allergic agent, was carried out in beagles by oral administration of 30, 90, 270 and 810 mg/kg/day for 52 weeks. The recovery study was carried out by the withdrawal for 5 weeks using control and the 810 mg/kg groups. The results are as follows: 1. Observation of general conditions revealed soft feces, mucous feces, and @entity294 in both sexes of the 270 and 810 mg/kg groups during the administration period, and these findings disappeared during the withdrawal period. One female of the 810 mg/kg group exhibited @entity400 in the legs and neck, staggering, a decrease of spontaneous motor activity, and clonic @entity410 in Week 17 of administration and died on Day 118. One male of the same group exhibited whole body @entity400 and staggering from Week 32 to Week 52. 2. Body @entity1017 tended to be inhibited in males of the 810 mg/kg group during the administration period. The body weight of the female that died decreased rapidly after the appearance of @entity16 . The body weight of the male that exhibited @entity16 decreased after their appearance but later increased. 3. There were no abnormal changes in food consumption in all of the sacrificed @entity235 . The female that died did not eat at all after the appearance of @entity16 . The male that exhibited @entity16 did not eat at all for 1 week after their appearance, but the food consumption returned to normal thereafter. 4. Prothrombin times were prolonged in males of the 270 and 810 mg/kg groups at Week 26, and activated partial thromboplastin times were prolonged in males of the 810 mg/kg group at Week 52. 5. Plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase, @entity20590 and LDH were elevated in some males and females of the 810 mg/kg groups. 6. No abnormalities due to IPD-1151T administration were found in urinalysis, opthalmological examination, electrocardiography, and fecal occult blood examination, or organ weights. 7. Autopsies including histopathological and electron microscopic examinations on the sacrificed @entity235 revealed no abnormalities. @entity548 in the base of the heart, congestion in the lungs, congestion and vacuolation in the liver and slight cell infiltration around vessels of the brain were found in the female that died.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [A fifty two-week oral repeated dose XXXX study of suplatast tosilate (IPD-1151T) in @entity235 ].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Subserosal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity311 vector @entity38243 (sensu lato) is an important @entity311 vector in Southeast Asia which comprises of five sibling species namely A, B, C, D and E. However, only a few forms have been identified as @entity311 vectors in various endemic countries. Currently, for the first time egg morphometry and morphology has been used to differentiate the three known vector sibling species of @entity38243 collected from @entity311 endemic Madhya Pradesh state of central India. METHODS: The adult An. culicifacies (s.l.) was collected from five districts using standard mosquito collection methods. Adult female mosquitoes were allowed to lay eggs individually. The emerged mosquitoes were identified using allele specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) to sibling species. Eggs of sibling species A, D and E were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphometric and morphological characteristics. RESULTS: Currently AS-PCR identified four known sibling species (B, C, D and E) of An. culicifacies in the study area. The surface morphology and morphometric attributes of the sibling species A, D and E eggs considerably differed from each other. An. culicifacies E had a narrow deck as compared to A and D, while An. culicifacies A had a bigger micropyle with 6-7 sectors as compared to D and E that had 6 sectors. An. culicifacies D had the smallest float (the structure present on sides of the egg surface in which air is filled that help in floating) and the number of ribs was also fewer than for An. culicifacies A and E. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides the first evidence that in addition to PCR assay, sibling species of An. culicifacies can also be differentiated using morphological and morphometric characteristics of the egg stage. The results also advocate that the sibling species of An. culicifacies are morphologically dissimilar and can be resolved using advanced microscopy.

title: Malaria vector XXXX sibling species differentiation using egg morphometry and morphology.

entities_list: @entity38243 :: ('139723', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles culicifacies']

answer: @entity38243 :: (139723,Species) :: ['Anopheles culicifacies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity170 is the most common @entity2331 of the elderly, affecting the normal bone turnover with an increased bone resorption and subsequent higher risk of @entity174 . Collagen type 1 is the most represented protein in bone matrix. A genetic variation ( @entity3419 ) in intron 1 of @entity13239 gene has been associated to modulation of expression of the alpha 1 chain of collagen type 1 and it is considered a candidate polymorphism for predisposition to @entity170 status and @entity174 . Association studies, in ethnically different populations, are needed to strongly confirm the role of this polymorphism in bone metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled over 2,000 Italian individuals and studied their @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and @entity174 in relation to age, sex and body mass index (BMI). Moreover, we analyzed the distribution of @entity3419 polymorphism in these individuals and associated it to normal bone status, @entity558 or @entity170 diagnosis, @entity79 and the presence of @entity174 . RESULTS: The most rare ss genotype showed a trend for @entity170 diagnosis with respect to both normal and @entity6092 status. The same genotype resulted to be associated to lower values of @entity79 both at spine and femur sites. No association was found with @entity174 . DISCUSSION: In conclusion the presence of the homozygote ss genotype seemed to predispose to @entity170 diagnosis and to be more frequent in subjects with lower spine and femur @entity79 values.

title: XXXX @entity3419 variation and bone phenotypes in an Italian population.

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenic condition']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fragility fractures', 'low-trauma fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic bone disorder']

entities_list: @entity6092 :: ('MESH:C567172', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenic']

answer: @entity13239 :: (1277,Gene) :: ['COL1A1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Only a small percentage of @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) may benefit out of surgical resection. Thus, lots of these @entity1 are in need of local control, such as percutaneous @entity1068 injection ( @entity8681 ), percutaneous laser ablation ( @entity1989 ), or radiofrequency thermal ablation (RF). PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of ultrasound-guided @entity1989 combined with @entity8681 on @entity95 VX2 @entity96 , using conventional gray-scale ultrasonography (US), color/power Doppler ( @entity1050 / @entity1726 )US, contrast-enhanced (CE) US, and histologic examination. MATERIAL AND METHODS: VX2 @entity5 were implanted in the livers of 80 @entity95 . Fourteen days after implantation, animals were randomly separated into four groups of 20 @entity95 . Treatment of the four groups was with: (i) @entity1989 ; (ii) @entity8681 ; (iii) combined therapy of @entity1989 immediately followed by @entity8681 ; and (iv) combined therapy of @entity8681 immediately followed by @entity1989 . Conventional gray-scale US, @entity1050 US, @entity1726 US, and CE US were performed before and after ablation. The effects on ablated areas were assessed by histologic examination. RESULTS: Conventional gray-scale US showed a clear boundary around the ablated area in groups 1, 3, and 4. An isoechoic treated region with an irregular boundary was seen in group 2. On CE US, coagulated areas demonstrated a perfusion defect. Both conventional gray-scale US and CE US showed that the ablated volume in group 4 was larger than that in groups 1, 2, and 3. @entity1050 US and @entity1726 US demonstrated @entity41 in the periphery of ablated areas in groups 1 and 2, but not in groups 3 and 4. CE US demonstrated no @entity41 in group 4, unlike in groups 1, 2, and 3. Examination of treated @entity5 demonstrated @entity39 in the ablated zones and increasing surrounding @entity82 in the four treatment groups. Residual viable tissue in group 4 was less than that in groups 1, 2, and 3. CONCLUSION: Combined therapy of @entity8681 immediately followed by @entity1989 can coagulate significantly larger volumes of @entity5 and reduce @entity41 .

title: Ultrasound-guided percutaneous laser and @entity1068 ablation of XXXX VX2 @entity96 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous bands']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity454 ( @entity454 ) is a recognized part of the @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) disease spectrum. Frequency, clinical profile and course, and treatment strategies in these @entity1 remain incompletely defined. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three @entity1121 cohorts comprised 1259 @entity1 , including 44 (3.5%) characterized as @entity454 with @entity299 (ejection fraction <50% at rest; range 15% to 49%). @entity454 developed at a wide age range (14 to 74 years), with 45% of @entity1 < or = 40 years old. Although 29 @entity1 (66%) died of progressive @entity712 , had @entity944 events, or underwent heart transplantation, 15 (34%) survived with medical management over 3+/-3 years. Duration from onset of @entity1121 symptoms to @entity454 identification was considerable (14+/-10 years), but @entity454 onset to @entity204 /transplantation was brief (2.7+/-2 years). @entity454 occurred with similar frequency in @entity1 with or without prior myectomy (P=0.84). Appropriate defibrillator interventions were 10% per year in @entity1 awaiting donor hearts. Most @entity454 @entity1 (n=23; 52%) showed substantial left ventricular (LV) remodeling with @entity384 . Less complete remodeling occurred in 21 @entity1 (48%), including 5 with persistence of a nondilated and markedly hypertrophied LV. Pathology and magnetic resonance imaging showed extensive (transmural) @entity82 in 9 of 11 @entity454 @entity1 . At initial evaluation, @entity1 who developed @entity454 were younger with more severe symptoms, had a larger LV cavity, and more frequently had a family history of @entity454 than other @entity1121 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity454 of nonobstructive @entity1121 has an expanded and more diverse clinical expression than previously appreciated, including occurrence in young @entity1 , heterogeneous patterns of remodeling, frequent association with @entity955 , and impaired LV contractility that precedes @entity384 , wall thinning, and @entity712 . @entity454 is an unfavorable complication (mortality rate 11% per year) and a @entity944 risk factor; it requires vigilance to permit timely recognition and the necessity for defibrillator implantation and heart transplantation.

title: Prevalence, clinical profile, and significance of left ventricular remodeling in the end-stage phase of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure symptoms', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['cavity dilatation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: @entity3483 ( @entity3483 ) is a common complication of advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against @entity7 ( @entity7 ), has been shown to be efficient in suppressing the accumulation of pleural fluid. However, whether intrapleural delivery of bevacizumab can be used to treat @entity3483 remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined intrapleural therapy with bevacizumab and @entity900 , an antineoplastic agent, in controlling @entity3483 . A total of 72 @entity1149 study subjects with @entity3483 were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first group received intrapleural bevacizumab (300  mg) with @entity900 (30  mg) therapy and the second group received intrapleural @entity900 (30  mg) therapy alone. Pleural fluid was collected from both groups prior to and following treatment. The levels of @entity7 and @entity787 ( @entity787 ) in the pleural fluid were determined by ELISA. In 70 evaluable study subjects, the curative efficacy in the bevacizumab group was significantly higher than that found in the @entity900 group (83.33 vs. 50.00%, respectively; p<0.05). Therapy with combined bevacizumab plus @entity900 significantly reduced @entity7 levels in the pleural fluid (p<0.01). In the bevacizumab group, the levels of @entity7 in the pleural fluid were significantly lower compared to those of the @entity900 group after treatment, which showed greater efficacy (p<0.01). In addition, combination therapy showed greater efficacy in the @entity1 with high levels of @entity7 expression (p<0.01). There was no significant difference in grade III/IV adverse events between the two groups. All procedures were well tolerated by the @entity1 . Combined intrapleural therapy with bevacizumab and @entity900 was effective and safe in managing @entity1149 -mediated @entity3483 . We propose that @entity7 expression levels in @entity3483 could serve as a prognostic marker for bevacizumab therapy.

title: Intrapleural combination therapy with bevacizumab and @entity900 for XXXX  -mediated @entity3483 .

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant pleural effusion', 'MPE']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity600 are @entity66 usually placed in the head and neck, the abdominal location is infrequent. OBJECTIVES: Analyze our experience in ALM management. METHOD: Retrospective study of pediatric @entity1 with ALM from 1996 to 2011. It is a descriptive analysis of clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic features. RESULTS: 10 @entity1 with ALM were treated (6 @entity1 : 4 @entity1 ), with a median age of 4.03 years (3 days-13 years). Acute abdomen was the most common presenting feature (40%). Ultrasound was carried out in all these cases, completing the study with CT (9 cases), @entity7994 (1) or both (1). Treatment was surgical, excepting one case that presented infection of the ALM. The approach by laparotomy allowed total resection in all cases, involving bowel resection in 6. The mass was located in small bowel mesentery (6), mesocolon (1), liver (1), and in retroperitoneum (1). The final pathologic diagnosis showed an error in diagnostic imaging of 60%.The mean follow-up was 18 months (SD: 12.8), with not recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: ALM often manifests in a non-specific form and it may remain silent. Imaging studies guide the diagnosis, but only the histology provides a definitive result. Total resection is the best option to prevent recurrences and minimize complications.

title: [ XXXX (ALM). Our experience].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['congenital lesions']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphatic malformations']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['Abdominal lymphatic malformation']


abstract: The first reported case of @entity3541 due to an @entity6437 as a complication of @entity9397 ( @entity9397 ) is herein presented. A 10-month-old female @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity9397 at 3 months of age. She was referred to us because of moderate left @entity3541 . Epidermal nevi of her left auricle extended deep into the external ear canal. Otoscopy revealed polypous nevi and @entity3540 filling the left ear. Computed tomography showed a soft mass filling the ear canal, including the middle ear, and an enormously enlarged facial nerve. Surgical exploration revealed numerous polypous @entity5479 , and @entity5 . The middle ear ossicles were completely lost. The @entity3541 was improved after decompression surgery, but recurred 5 months later. A second operation was conducted 10 months after the first. During this operation, @entity2103 was completed from the geniculate ganglion to near the stylomastoid foramen. Histological diagnosis of the @entity5 was @entity6437 probably caused by chronic @entity2346 induced by @entity7174 . The @entity3541 gradually improved to House-Blackmann grade III 5 years after the second operation.

title: Infantile @entity6437 as a complication of @entity9397 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumorous swelling of the facial nerve', 'facial nerve tumor']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) of the facial nerve', 'IPT']

entities_list: @entity7174 :: ('MESH:D009506', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal nevi']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve decompression']

entities_list: @entity5479 :: ('MESH:D018424', 'Disease') :: ['nevi, external ear cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma debris']

entities_list: @entity9397 :: ('MESH:C580062', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal nevus syndrome', 'ENS']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis']

entities_list: @entity2346 :: ('MESH:D010031', 'Disease') :: ['external ear inflammation']

answer: @entity3540 :: (MESH:D002781,Disease) :: ['cholesteatoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the influence of preoperative @entity439 quantity and distribution on the development of @entity1070 with @entity439 sac enlargement after @entity439 repair (EVAR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the pre- and postoperatively performed CT scans of 118 @entity1 who had follow-up imaging for at least 1  year after EVAR available. We assessed preoperative @entity715 perimeter (T Peri), diameter (T Dia), cross-sectional area (T CSA), and volume (T Vol). The preoperative @entity715 distribution was classified into no @entity715 , semilunar-shaped (anterior, right side, left side, posterior) @entity715 , and circumferential type @entity715 . The number of preoperative patent aortic side branches (ASB) was identified. Endpoint was @entity1070 with @entity439 volume (A Vol) increase of >= 5  % during follow-up. RESULTS: During follow-up (2  years, range 1-9  years), 17 @entity1 with @entity1070 had significant A Vol increase. Less preoperative T Peri, T Dia, T CSA, and T Vol were associated with A Vol increase. A circumferential @entity715 distribution significantly protected against @entity439 (p  =  0.028). The variables with the strongest significance for A Vol increase were preoperative T Vol/A Vol ratio (OR 0.95; p  =  0.037) and number of patent ASB (OR 3.52; p  <  0.001). CONCLUSION: A low preoperative T Vol/A Vol ratio and a high number of patent ASB were associated with @entity439 sac enlargement after EVAR.

title: The Influence of Preoperative @entity439 Quantity and Distribution on the Development of @entity1070 with XXXX Sac Enlargement After EVAR of AAA.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm', 'aneurysmal thrombus', 'aneurysm', 'aneurysm enlargement']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['type II endoleak']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Aneurysm']


abstract: Mature dendritic cells (mDCs) undergo "exhaustion" in producing cytokines. Nevertheless, whether this "exhaustion" of mDCs is selective to certain cytokines, or whether mDCs have specific cytokine-producing profiles has yet to be defined. Herein, we investigated the cytokine production in vitro by immature DCs (iDCs) and @entity558 -induced mDCs. Compared to iDCs, mDCs produced comparable levels of @entity650 and @entity310 . Strikingly, mDCs produced significantly higher @entity379 and @entity688 . IL-12 production of mDCs was suppressed. Kinetic studies of the responses of iDCs and mDCs to @entity558 or @entity11603 showed that mDCs acquired progressively heightened activity in producing @entity379 and @entity688 . @entity310 -, @entity650 -producing capability of mDCs was maintained. Nevertheless, IL-12 production by mDCs was not recovered at any time point. Mature DCs were potent in priming both @entity1198 and Th2 cells. In conclusion, upon maturation, DCs are reprogrammed with a distinct cytokine-secreting profile, which may play an important role in regulating T cell functions.

title: Dendritic cells post-maturation are reprogrammed with heightened @entity379 and XXXX .

answer: @entity688 :: (3586,Gene) :: ['IL-10']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Drug-induced @entity1162 (diLQTS) is an adverse drug effect that has an important impact on drug use, development, and regulation. We tested the hypothesis that common variants in key genes controlling cardiac electric properties modify the risk of diLQTS. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a case-control setting, we included 176 @entity1 of European descent from North America and Europe with diLQTS, defined as documented @entity1166 during treatment with a QT-prolonging drug. Control samples were obtained from 207 @entity1 of European ancestry who displayed <50 ms QT lengthening during initiation of therapy with a QT-prolonging drug and 837 control subjects from the population-based KORA study. Subjects were successfully genotyped at 1424 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 18 candidate genes including 1386 SNPs tagging common haplotype blocks and 38 nonsynonymous ion channel gene SNPs. For validation, we used a set of cases (n=57) and population-based control subjects of European descent. The SNP @entity15500 @entity37563 ( @entity37564 ), known to modulate an important @entity972 current in the heart, predicted diLQTS with an odds ratio of 9.0 (95% confidence interval, 3.5-22.9). The variant allele was present in 8.6% of cases, 2.9% of drug-exposed control subjects, and 1.8% of population control subjects. In the validation cohort, the variant allele was present in 3.5% of cases and in 1.4% of control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: This high-density candidate SNP approach identified a key @entity972 channel susceptibility allele that may be associated with the rare adverse drug reaction @entity1166 .

title: A large candidate gene survey identifies the @entity15500 @entity37563 polymorphism as a possible modulator of drug-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['torsades de pointes']

entities_list: @entity37563 :: ('p|SUB|D|85|N', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['D85N']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['long-QT syndrome']

answer: @entity1166 :: (MESH:D016171,Disease) :: ['torsades de pointes']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic role of matrix metalloproteinases in @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity406 -fixed and @entity982 -embedded tissue sections of 94 @entity189 were used for the immunohistochemical analysis of @entity1476 , @entity1917 , @entity1551 , and @entity1552 . Inclusion criteria were sporadic rectal adenocarcinoma resected curatively (including total mesorectal excision), adjuvant radiochemotherapy in UICC stages II and III, and complete intra-institutional follow-up. Results of immunohistochemistry were correlated with clinical and histopathologic data from the prospective @entity5 registry and prognosis. End points of the prognostic analysis were @entity5 progression caused by local and/or distant recurrence and 5-year survival (disease-free and overall). To assess prognostic significance, statistics included univariate and multivariate analysis (p<0.05 statistically significant). RESULTS: Of the 94 @entity189 , 35% (33/94) showed an epithelial @entity1476 expression, 77% (72/94) were @entity1476 positive in the stroma. Fifty-four percent (51/94) were @entity1917 positive, and 47% (46/94) were positive for both @entity1551 and @entity1552 . The stromal @entity1476 staining pattern was correlated with the depth of invasion (pT status, p=0.006) with @entity1917 (p=0.016) and @entity1552 expression (p=0.036). Positive expression of @entity1476 in @entity5 epithelium was correlated with @entity1917 (p=0.027), @entity1551 (p=0.036), and @entity1552 expression (p<0.0001). A positive staining pattern of @entity1917 was significantly correlated with depth of invasion and @entity1552 (p<0.01). The positive staining pattern of @entity1551 was correlated with epithelial @entity1476 (p=0.036), @entity1917 (p=0.004), and @entity1552 expression (p=0.002). @entity1552 immunoreactivity correlated with depth of invasion (p=0.013), epithelial @entity1476 (p<0.001), stromal @entity1476 (p=0.036), @entity1917 (p<0.001), and @entity1551 (p=0.002). Neither pattern correlated with age, gender, @entity5 stage (UICC), grading, preoperative serum @entity787 ( @entity787 ) level, or nodal status (p>0.05). Within a mean follow-up of 46 months, @entity5 progression, caused by either local recurrence or distant @entity3 , occurred in 14 @entity1 (15.4%). There was no significant association between the MMP expression and the incidence of local and/or distant recurrence. In terms of survival, preoperative @entity787 level (disease-free 5-year survival 46% with increased @entity787 vs 70% with normal @entity787 , p=0.01; overall 5-year survival 43 vs 74%, p<0.01) and UICC stage were the only factors to be significantly related to 5-year survival by univariate analysis, whereas the metalloproteinases failed to show a significant association. In multivariate analysis, @entity787 and UICC stage were not identified as independent factors predictive of survival. CONCLUSION: @entity1476 , @entity1917 , @entity1551 , and @entity1552 do not appear to be significant predictors of prognosis in a homogenous collective of curatively resected @entity420 .

title: Clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of matrix metalloproteinases in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1552 :: ('7077', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-2', 'tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-2']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2', 'MMP-2']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['Formalin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['carcinoembryonic antigen', 'CEA']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['rectal adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) triggers a vigorous systemic inflammatory response characterized by early and late phases involving both the humoral and cellular pathways. @entity230 dampen the immune response to CPB in a multimodal fashion. Perioperative @entity134 prophylaxis offers the possibility to manipulate the inflammatory response to CPB for outcome benefit. In adult cardiac surgery with CPB, @entity230 have been rigorously evaluated in multiple randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses. In summary, @entity134 therapy in this setting can significantly reduce perioperative morbidity. Although the outcome benefits of @entity230 in adult cardiac surgery with CPB are apparent, multicenter large randomized trials are in progress to determine whether these agents should become a routine component of an anti-inflammatory approach to optimize clinical outcome. The current application of @entity230 in adult CPB is highly variable, with the highest use likely in high-risk settings such as @entity1167 . In pediatric cardiac surgery with CPB, @entity230 are widely used despite a limited evidence base compared with adult CPB. Recent multicenter observational trials have paved the way for larger more definitive randomized trials targeted to high-risk pediatric CPB including the neonatal period. In conclusion, @entity230 offer significant potential to improve meaningful clinical outcomes after cardiac surgery with CPB. The results of 2 landmark multicenter randomized trials in adult CPB likely will determine whether @entity230 should become routine therapy in this setting. It is likely that similar multicenter trials in pediatric CPB will be launched in the near future.

title: The inflammatory response to cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: should XXXX prophylaxis be routine?

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids', 'steroids']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['deep hypothermic circulatory arrest']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surreptitious ingestion of laxatives can lead to serious factitious diseases that are difficult to diagnose. Most cases involve ingestion of @entity15021 or senna. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) of urine or stool is the only commercially available test for these laxatives. Such testing is considered highly reliable, but its accuracy in clinical practice is unknown. Our aim was to evaluate the reliability of TLC laxative testing by a clinical reference laboratory in the United States. METHODS: @entity294 was induced in healthy volunteers by ingestion of @entity15021 , senna, or a control laxative (n = 11 for each laxative group). Samples of urine and diarrheal stool were sent in blinded fashion to the clinical reference laboratory for @entity15021 and senna analysis. RESULTS: TLC testing for @entity15021 -induced @entity294 revealed a sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 91% when urine was tested and sensitivity and specificity of 91% and 96%, respectively, when stool was analyzed. When @entity294 was induced by senna, the TLC assay for senna failed to identify even a single urine or stool specimen as positive (zero% sensitivity). CONCLUSIONS: Considering the expected prevalence of surreptitious @entity734 in @entity1 with chronic @entity294 (2.4%-25%, depending on the clinical setting), TLC of urine or stool for @entity15021 by this reference laboratory would often produce misleading results, and testing for senna would have no clinical value. The major problems are false-positive tests for @entity15021 and false-negative tests for senna.

title: Factitious XXXX induced by stimulant laxatives: accuracy of diagnosis by a clinical reference laboratory using thin layer chromatography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'idiopathic diarrhea', 'Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['laxative abuse']

entities_list: @entity15021 :: ('MESH:D001726', 'Chemical') :: ['bisacodyl']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: PURPOSE: In this study, we report our initial experience using microperc for treatment of @entity1290 and the implications of the microperc system in @entity3226 management. @entity1 AND METHODS: Microperc was performed with a 4.85F "all-seeing needle" in 11 @entity1 with stone disease; 9 of the @entity1 had @entity1290 and 2 had @entity3226 . Access to the renal collecting system was achieved under fluoroscopic control in eight @entity1 , while ultrasonography was used in one. Fluoroscopy was not used in any of the @entity1 with @entity3226 for bladder access. RESULTS: The mean stone burden was 12.8 mm (range 7-18 mm). The stone locations were pelvis in three, upper calix in one, middle calix in two, and lower calix in three. The mean age for @entity1290 was 20.8 years (range 3-47 years). Single access was sufficient in all cases. In two @entity1 , although the procedure was progressing without complication, conversion to miniperc was needed because of operator-related system errors. There were no intraoperative complications. The stone-free rate in the postoperative first month was 85%. CONCLUSION: The least invasive microperc with an optical puncture system appears to be a safe and effective treatment modality in @entity1 with different kinds of stone disease with respect to various features. Although the initial cases were @entity1 with single stones of less than 20 mm, the combined use of this system with other minimally invasive treatment modalities for the management of larger stones is promising.

title: Preliminary, favorable experience with microperc in kidney and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['kidney stones']

entities_list: @entity3226 :: ('MESH:D001744', 'Disease') :: ['bladder stone', 'bladder stones']

answer: @entity3226 :: (MESH:D001744,Disease) :: ['bladder stones']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Emotional @entity130 is recognised as a common feature in the experience of @entity1 and families following @entity130 and incidence may be unrelated to burn size and severity. AIM: The aim of this study was to interpret the lived experience of hospitalisation and recovery following burn @entity130 . This paper explores the early stages of emotional recovery, how @entity1 begin to redefine normality and the needs and supports they describe as integral to this process. METHOD: We used Heideggerian phenomenology, framed by Merleau-Ponty's philosophy of the body. In-depth, semi-structured interviews with 18 @entity1 and family @entity1 were collected 1-3 weeks after hospital discharge. Median %TBSA was 25.3 (range 3-68%). RESULTS: From a point of being vulnerable, redefining normal was supported for all @entity1 by family being close and involved, for family members by developing routines, and for @entity1 by challenging physical otherness, rethinking work, finding empowerment through self-care, acknowledging a shared recovery and recognising a gradual return of 'good days'. CONCLUSION: Emotional @entity130 is highly prevalent among @entity1 and families in the early burn recuperation period where both distress and recovery may co-occur. Despite an initial sense of vulnerability, normality is gradually redefined through practices that keep family close, engage @entity1 in early self-care and allow time, space and support for return to work. @entity1 , initially confronted by their own physical otherness, share their recovery with fellow burns survivors and seek affirmation from family to negotiate a 'different' normal, integrated into a new self-concept. Early rehabilitation may be strengthened by promoting carer involvement, @entity1 self-efficacy and peer support.

title: Emerging from the @entity130 bubble: Redefining 'normal' after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury in Australia', 'trauma', 'burn injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['burn injury']


abstract: The primary method of spread for @entity5967 and @entity794 is from @entity291 to @entity291 , so prevention focuses on within and between herd biosecurity to reduce or eliminate the reservoir of @entity281 . @entity5967 is an obligate pathogen of the mammary gland, whereas @entity794 is more widespread on other @entity291 body sites and in the environment. Both organisms cause persistent @entity281 , with @entity5967 typically causing higher SCC and bacteria counts in milk. Conventional methods of detection through culture perform well at the @entity291 level. In bulk tanks, augmented procedures should be considered. PCR methods show promise of high sensitivity and specificity, at both the @entity291 and bulk @entity13873 level. In developed dairy industries, prevalence of @entity281 has decreased dramatically over the past 30 years for @entity5967 . For @entity794 , the herd level of @entity281 remains very high, although with rigorous, consistent application of control measures, within-herd prevalence has decreased. Because the milking time is the primary period for new IMI, it is the focal point of most prevention activities. Premilking and postmilking teat disinfection and proper stimulation and milk-out with adequately functioning equipment are key factors. There is growing evidence that the use of milking gloves is an integral part of contagious @entity1271 control and the production of high-quality milk. Treatment success is dramatically different between the 2 pathogens. For @entity5967 , eradication can be completed rapidly through a culture and treatment program with minimal culling. For @entity794 , treatment success, particularly during lactation, is often disappointing and depends on @entity291 , pathogen, and treatment factors. These factors should be reviewed prior to initiating any treatment to determine the potential for cure. Blanket dry @entity291 therapy and strategic culling are important control procedures for contagious @entity1271 pathogens. Maintaining a closed herd or, at minimum, adhering to clearly defined biosecurity protocols is critical to reduce risk of reintroduction of @entity5967 or the addition of new, potentially more virulent strains of @entity794 to endemic herds.

title: Update on control of XXXX and @entity5967 for management of @entity1271 .

entities_list: @entity5967 :: ('1311', 'Species') :: ['S agalactiae']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: We report a rare case of symptomatic @entity4053 in a @entity1 with intra-abdominal recurrence of a previously resected @entity674 ( @entity674 ). The @entity1 is a 65-year-old @entity1 who underwent resection of a large abdominal mass arising from the stomach, histologically diagnosed as a high-grade @entity1822 . She was lost to follow up. Five years later, the mass recurred; core biopsy demonstrated a CD 117-positive, spindle-cell @entity5 , consistent with a @entity674 . She was placed on Gleevec, as there was evidence of @entity66 , but imaging revealed only mild improvement. Subsequently, her clinical status deteriorated, and she was hospitalized for @entity2700 , @entity391 , and mental status changes. Her blood @entity413 on admission was 22 mg/dL, and a @entity413 infusion (50%) was necessary to maintain adequate blood @entity413 levels. Measurements of insulin, @entity2690 , @entity2690 , @entity4322 , and thyroid-stimulating hormone were normal, as were cosyntropin stimulation and glucagon response tests. Suspicions arose for @entity5 . She underwent resection of the dominant 44-cm recurrence, with immediate rebound @entity4854 , followed by complete normalization of her blood @entity413 levels. She was discharged on postoperative Day 5 without symptoms or insulin, and is alive with disease at 20 months. @entity8231 occur in only 15 per cent of @entity1 with known @entity5 (e.g., @entity2 and @entity3 ), and are rarely reported in the setting of @entity674 . @entity4053 is most often observed in presence of @entity9608 and only isolated case reports in @entity674 @entity1 exist. @entity851 factor II is thought to be the mechanism of action. Supportive management and palliative resection or debulking is recommended when possible.

title: XXXX in the setting of advanced @entity674 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Overexpression of insulin-like growth']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'tumor', 'tumor-secreted insulin-like factor']

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['insulinoma']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2690 :: ('3630', 'Gene') :: ['proinsulin', 'c-peptide']

entities_list: @entity4322 :: ('MESH:D020155', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-hydroxybutyrate']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia', 'Hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GIST', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumor']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose', 'glucose']

entities_list: @entity8231 :: ('MESH:D010257', 'Disease') :: ['Paraneoplastic syndromes']

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['Hypoglycemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity884 is a rare disease in the pediatric population. We sought to define @entity1 characteristics and outcomes of surgical therapy for @entity884 in @entity1 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of all @entity1 with @entity884 who received surgical therapy between January 1, 1990, and @entity3490 . 2011. We were interested in their congenital @entity299 , prior surgical procedures, and outcome of the operation. RESULTS: We identified 35 cases of @entity884 in 34 @entity1 requiring surgical intervention. Mean age was 10.7    8.8 years. There was a bimodal age distribution at presentation: 11 (31%) were younger than 1 year and 15 (43%) were 10 to 21 years. Of the 34 @entity1 , 22 (63%) had no history of prior cardiac operation. The infective organism was identified in 30 (86%), with @entity794 (n = 8) and Streptococcus viridans (n = 6) predominating. Valve replacement was performed in 22 @entity1 and valve repair in 10. All @entity1 received 6 weeks of postoperative intravenous antimicrobial therapy. Operative mortality was 15% (5 of 34). The 5 deaths occurred in @entity1 who were a mean age of 2.5 months, and 3 of the 5 @entity1 (60%) were premature. Of 4 @entity1 with @entity364 , 3 @entity1 died. The Ross operation was performed successfully in 5 @entity1 with severe @entity886 . Reoperations (n = 10 [28%]) included valve replacement in 5 and conduit replacement in 3, all but 1 due to somatic growth resulting in functional @entity850 . CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of surgical therapy for @entity884 in @entity1 was similar to that reported for adults, with an overall mortality of 15%. The Ross operation was very effective in @entity1 with @entity886 . There is a significant incidence of late reoperation for valve and conduit replacement due to somatic growth. Age younger than 1 year, prematurity, and fungal organisms appear to be risk factors for @entity204 . @entity1 surviving to discharge had good outcomes, with no episodes of recurrent @entity884 .

title: Outcomes of surgical therapy for XXXX in a pediatric population: a 21-year review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve endocarditis', 'aortic valve disease']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart defect']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['Infective endocarditis', 'infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: A thirty-day clinical trial was undertaken with second grade school @entity1 to assess the safety and efficacy of a new battery-powered toothbrush (Rowenta Dentiphant) compared to the manual Oral-B 20 toothbrush. The @entity1 from four class rooms were individually and randomly assigned to use either product for the thirty days. The @entity1 reported to school having not brushed the morning of each assessment at baseline, 15 days and 30 days. Following the @entity2522 assessment and given a pre-brushing plaque assessment, the @entity1 were instructed on the use of the toothbrush as they then brushed their teeth for a timed 1 minute out of sight of the examiners. The @entity1 were then reassessed for plaque removal. The results demonstrated that the @entity1 using the Rowenta powered toothbrush became used to the brush and improved their cleaning efficiency during the study. By week two, the buccal plaque scores for the Rowenta brush were significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to the Oral-B 20 group. By week four the Rowenta subjects had significantly lower buccal and lingual plaque scores after brushing, while the Oral-B 20 subjects had significantly lower buccal scores after toothbrushing, but no significant difference was found after brushing on lingual surfaces for plaque removal. On total plaque area scores, the Rowenta group was significantly lower (p < 0.01) than the Oral-B 20 group at both two and four weeks. The Rowenta group had a 10% reduction in plaque area after brushing comparing baseline to four weeks. The Oral-B group demonstrated no percentage difference in after brushing plaque scores from baseline to four weeks. On @entity2522 , the Rowenta group had significantly lower buccal and lingual mean scores compared to the Oral-B 20 group at week two, and lingual mean scores compared to the Oral-B 20 group at week four. The Rowenta group demonstrated a 27% decrease in lingual @entity2522 scores compared to baseline, while the Oral-B group had an 11% decrease in lingual @entity2522 scores from baseline to four weeks. Total @entity2522 scores for the Rowenta group were significantly lower (p < 0.01-0.001) at both weeks two and four compared to the Oral-B 20 group, with percentage declines from baseline to four weeks being 22% and 12%, respectively. The Rowenta Dentiphant toothbrush was found to be safe to use. On total plaque and @entity2522 reduction, the Rowenta Dentiphant toothbrush was found to be significantly superior to the Oral-B 20 manual toothbrush by two weeks of use and this continued to the conclusion of the study.

title: A thirty-day evaluation of the Rowenta Dentiphant powered toothbrush in XXXX for safety and efficacy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Body fatness and fat distribution are widely accepted as @entity301 risk factors. In this study, we have evaluated the contribution of generalized adiposity, assessed by body mass index (BMI), to @entity2998 , in @entity1 with or without @entity209 ( @entity209 ). METHODS: We have analysed 840 female and 1002 male @entity1 in a regional @entity65 Prevention Campaign. Blood @entity413 and lipids were analysed by standard methods. According to BMI, calculated as weight (in kilograms)/height (in square metres), @entity1 were divided into normal weight (BMI <25 kg/m2), overweight (BMI between 25 and 29.9 kg/m2) and @entity28 (BMI>29.9 kg/m2). Carotid @entity731 was evaluated by echo Doppler. RESULTS: Blood pressure, waist circumference, @entity1674 and @entity413 were significantly higher, and high-density lipoprotein was lower, in overweight and @entity28 @entity1 , compared with normal weight. @entity209 was more frequent among @entity28 and overweight than normal-weight @entity1 (51.7 vs. 21.5 vs. 9.8%, respectively). The prevalence of @entity2998 was 45.29% in @entity1 with @entity209 , significantly higher than in @entity1 without @entity209 (33.04%, P<0.0001), but it was similar across the three weight categories. Furthermore, in multiple regression analyses BMI was not significantly associated with @entity2998 . CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest that increasing body weight favours the clustering of @entity301 risk factors. Overweight and @entity28 , however, do not independently associate with @entity2998 .

title: Body mass index, XXXX and @entity2998 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7545 are no longer confined to rural areas, they are documented with increasing frequency in urban settlements across the world. They are known to cause diseases in @entity1 as well as in their companion animals. METHODS: During a period of 2  years, from January 2013 until December 2014, ticks were collected from @entity235 and @entity468 in 18 veterinary clinics in the Wroc  aw Agglomeration, Poland. In total, 1455 ticks were found on 931 pets: 760 domestic @entity235 and 171 @entity468 . For molecular examinations 127 @entity17387 ticks (115 females and 12 males) were randomly selected, all collected @entity24496 (n   =   137, 32 females, 98 nymphs, 7 larvae) and all collected D. reticulatus (n   =   46, 31 females, 15 males) were taken. @entity17387 and @entity24496 ticks were tested for Rickettsia spp., @entity4210 , Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis and @entity743 spp., while D. reticulatus ticks were investigated for Rickettsia spp. and @entity743 spp. only. RESULTS: In total, 65.4  % @entity17387 ticks were infected with at least one pathogen. Over 50  % of @entity17387 were positive for Rickettsia spp. (R. helvetica and @entity41792 ). The @entity281 level with A. phagocytophilum was 21.3  %. DNA of Cand. N. mikurensis was detected in 8.1  % @entity17387 ticks. Interestingly only female ticks were infected. The prevalence of @entity743 spp. was confirmed in 9.0  % of @entity17387 involving the species @entity25907 and B. venatorum. A total of nineteen double, one triple and two @entity281 were found in @entity17387 ticks only. Almost 11  % of @entity24496 ticks were positive for at least one of the tested pathogens. Rickettsia spp. @entity281 was found in 2.2  %, while A. phagocytophilum was detected in 8.1  % of @entity24496 ticks. Only one nymph was positive for Cand. N. mikurensis and none of @entity24496 ticks harbored a @entity743 spp. Over 60  % of D. reticulatus ticks were positive for rickettsial DNA, exclusively belonging to the species R. raoultii. CONCLUSION: The high tick infestation rates and the prevalence of pathogens found in these ticks demonstrate a serious level of encounter to @entity7545 in urban @entity235 in the Wroclaw area, and provide evidence that @entity235 and @entity468 themselves may substantially contribute to the circulation of the ticks and pathogens in the urban area.

title: Detection of selected pathogens in ticks collected from XXXX and @entity235 in the Wroc  aw Agglomeration, South-West Poland.

entities_list: @entity4210 :: ('948', 'Species') :: ['Anaplasma phagocytophilum']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['quadruple infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity17387 :: ('34613', 'Species') :: ['I. ricinus', 'Ixodes ricinus']

entities_list: @entity7545 :: ('MESH:D017282', 'Disease') :: ['Tick-borne infections', 'tick-borne diseases']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: AIM: @entity1118 is a common condition of unknown aetiology. @entity1 may have co-existing @entity146 and existing treatments are often ineffective. A small number of published case reports suggest that sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) could treat this condition. This pilot study aimed to investigate the efficacy of SNS for the treatment of chronic @entity158 . METHOD: Ten @entity1 with chronic @entity158 were recruited. All had failed to respond to conservative treatments. Clinical and psychological evaluation was performed in all @entity1 prior to SNS. Temporary stimulation of the S3 foramina was performed for 3 weeks and outcome assessed by comparison of a @entity158 score diary and visual analogue score obtained during stimulation and at baseline. Primary outcome was defined as a > 50% reduction in @entity158 score. RESULTS: Of the 10 @entity1 recruited, five were found to have clinical @entity308 . Four @entity1 withdrew from the study prior to testing and six underwent @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ). Three @entity1 had > 50% reduction in @entity158 score and progressed to permanent SNS. Of these, only one had @entity158 control at latest follow-up of 5 years; the remaining two @entity1 obtained no benefit and had their devices removed or deactivated. These two @entity1 both had @entity308 that was also not improved by SNS. CONCLUSION: This study would suggest that SNS is not an effective treatment for chronic @entity158 in the majority of @entity1 . @entity1897 is not an effective means of identifying which of these @entity1 are likely to respond to permanent SNS.

title: Sacral nerve stimulation: an effective treatment for chronic functional XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve evaluation', 'PNE']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic anal pain', 'good pain', 'anal pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic idiopathic anal pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['anal pain']


abstract: HBO2 for subjective @entity392 never been objectified, yet it is still advocated by many institutions. We analyzed the therapeutic effect of HBO2 treatment in the context of accompanying factors, especially focusing on the @entity1 ' attitude towards HBO2 prior to therapy. METHODS: 360 @entity1 suffering from @entity392 were investigated in this study. They were randomized into 2 hyperbaric treatment protocols, one at 2.2, the other at 2.5 bar, 60 min bottom time each. All @entity1 were asked to fill in a questionnaire (social and medical history, @entity392 characteristics, pre-HBO2 duration oftinnitus, prior therapy, pre-treatment expectation, accompanying symptoms) immediately before and one month after HBO2 treatment. The subjective impact of @entity392 on daily life was assessed using a score from 1 to 10 prior to HBO2 and one month after the treatment. RESULTS: 12 @entity1 (3.3%) experienced complete remission of @entity392 , in 122 (33.9%) the intensity lessened, and 44 (12.2%) had a subjectively agreeable change of noise characteristics. 157 (43.6%) stated no change and 25 (6.9%) experienced deterioration. There was no statistically significant difference between the two hyperbaric protocols (p > 0.05). Out of 68 @entity1 with positive expectation towards HBO2 therapy 60.3% stated that the @entity392 had improved whereas out of the @entity1 who underwent therapy with indifferent (N = 271) or negative expectations (N = 21) only 47.2% and 19%, respectively, reported an improvement. The influence of both positive and negative anticipation on the outcome was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The therapeutic effects of HBO2 on subjective @entity392 might be greatly due to psychological mechanisms triggered by the attitude of the @entity1 towards HBO2 therapy prior to the treatment.

title: Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) in XXXX : influence of psychological factors on treatment results?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus', 'tinnitus has']

answer: @entity392 :: (MESH:D014012,Disease) :: ['tinnitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Barrier functions across epithelia and endothelia are essential for homeostatic tissue regulation. Astroglia interact with cerebral endothelia to maintain the blood-brain barrier. Whether similar interactions between astrocyte-like enteric glia and epithelia regulate intestinal barrier function is not known. METHODS: Fluorescent permeability markers were used to measure intestinal barrier function in vivo after conditional ablation of enteric glia in @entity19 . Enteric glial cell regulation of epithelial barrier integrity then was modeled in vitro using coculture. Glial-derived barrier-inducing factors were characterized using size-exclusion chromatography and mass spectrometry. Epithelial barrier integrity was assessed by transepithelial resistance readings and by quantitative measurement of tight-junction-associated protein expression by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. RESULTS: We show that ablation of enteric glial cells in @entity19 causes @entity1944 , resulting in @entity32 . Glial-derived @entity12557 ( @entity12558 ) was identified as a potent inducer of mucosal barrier function in vitro and in vivo and of attenuated tissue @entity32 after ablation of enteric glia in @entity19 . @entity12558 regulation of mucosal barrier function was associated directly with an increased expression of perijunctional F-actin and tight-junction-associated proteins zonula occludens-1 and @entity8843 . @entity12558 also significantly restored mucosal barrier function in colonic biopsy specimens from @entity1 with @entity30 , a well-described inflammatory permeability disorder associated with enteric glial-cell disruption. CONCLUSIONS: Enteric glia therefore share the ability of astrocytes to regulate tight-junction integrity, and cellular interactions comparable with those maintaining blood-brain barrier function also regulate epithelial permeability at mucosal surfaces.

title: Enteric glia regulate intestinal barrier function and XXXX via release of @entity12557 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity12557 :: ('MESH:D026422', 'Chemical') :: ['s-nitrosoglutathione']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Invasive and/or non-invasive mechanical ventilation are most important options of respiratory management in @entity746 . METHODS: We evaluated the frequency, clinical characteristics, decision-making factors about ventilation and survival analysis of 190 @entity1 with @entity746 @entity1 from 1990 until 2013. RESULTS: Thirty-one percentage of @entity1 underwent tracheostomy invasive ventilation with the rate increasing more than the past 20 years. The ratio of tracheostomy invasive ventilation in @entity1 >65 years old was significantly increased after 2000 (25%) as compared to before (10%). After 2010, the standard use of non-invasive ventilation showed a tendency to reduce the frequency of tracheostomy invasive ventilation. Mechanical ventilation prolonged median survival (75 months in tracheostomy invasive ventilation, 43 months in non-invasive ventilation vs natural course, 32 months). The life-extending effects by tracheostomy invasive ventilation were longer in younger @entity1  <=65 years old at the time of ventilation support than in older @entity1 . Presence of partners and care at home were associated with better survival. Following factors related to the decision to perform tracheostomy invasive ventilation: @entity1  <=65 years old: greater use of non-invasive ventilation: presence of a spouse: faster tracheostomy: higher progression rate; and preserved motor functions. No @entity1 who underwent tracheostomy invasive ventilation died from a decision to withdraw mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSION: The present study provides factors related to decision-making process and survival after tracheostomy and help clinicians and family members to expand the knowledge about ventilation.

title: Tracheostomy and invasive mechanical ventilation in XXXX : decision-making factors and survival analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate hydraulic thrombectomy using a saline-jet aspiration thrombectomy catheter in the treatment of @entity49 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten @entity1 underwent 12 hydraulic thrombectomy procedures using 2.7 or 4.0 mm catheters. The site of the @entity715 was either central, peripheral or in portal veins. The age of the thrombi was between 2 and 60 days (mean 19.7 days). The efficacy of hydraulic thrombectomy was evaluated based on the aspirated @entity715 ratio (ATR), i.e. the volume of the @entity715 aspirated divided by the volume of the @entity715 before thrombectomy. ATR was estimated by comparing the angiograms of the lesion before and after thrombectomy. RESULTS: Soft thrombi were usually rapidly removed. ATR was >2/3 in 3, 2/3-1/3 in 2, 1/3-0 in 4, and 0 in 1 @entity1 . The activation time of the injector was 23-224 s (mean 102 s) and the volume of aspirated blood was 30-680 ml (mean 250 ml). Compensatory infusion of saline was performed for @entity190 , and 400 ml of packed red blood cells was transfused in 1 @entity1 . No complications of the hydraulic thrombectomy were observed. Thrombolysis or additional treatment were performed in 9 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Hydraulic thrombectomy using this catheter can contribute to the treatment of @entity49 .

title: Saline-jet aspiration thrombectomy catheter. Clinical results in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['venous thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of illicit drug use among correctional populations is high, and associated with high levels of drug related morbidity risks and harms. The purpose of this study was to examine temporal and regional patterns of illicit drug use among a sample of Canadian federal correctional inmates participating in correctional @entity284 maintenance treatment ( @entity569 ). METHODS: Socio-demographic and drug use data collected from 1272 male federal offenders admitted to Correctional Service Canada's (CSC) @entity569 program between 2003 and 2008 were examined. Univariate analyses were conducted on inmates' key demographic and correctional characteristics, pre- @entity569 opioid use and other problematic drug use, and opioid and injecting use while incarcerated. Bivariate associations on drug use measures across regions and over time were computed. RESULTS: Prevalence of @entity4521 use decreased, and prevalence of prescription opioid (PO) use increased over the study period. Significant regional differences existed for PO use, specifically for @entity1286 / @entity10748 and @entity1288 use. The majority used opioids and injected while incarcerated, with overall downward trends over time and regional variations. Approximately half the sample indicated a history of lifetime non-opioid problematic drug use, most commonly @entity2072 (72%) for which substantial regional differences were found. CONCLUSIONS: Pre- @entity569 opioid and other problematic non-opioid drug use in the sample was high. Temporal and regional patterns of drug use observed may reflect developments in the general population, e.g. increasing PO misuse. The observed drug use patterns underscore the need for targeted drug specific prevention/treatment measures in correctional environments beyond existing interventions.

title: Prevalence and trends of non-medical opioid and other drug use histories among federal correctional inmates in XXXX maintenance treatment in Canada.

entities_list: @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

entities_list: @entity10748 :: ('MESH:D004091', 'Chemical') :: ['hydromorphone']

answer: @entity284 :: (MESH:D008691,Chemical) :: ['methadone']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the effects of combined treatment of @entity3264 ( @entity7647 ) and recombinant @entity1 @entity2124 (rhGH) on intestinal barrier function following portal @entity101 surgery. METHODS: This study was designed as a prospective, randomized and controlled clinical trial. Forty two @entity1 after portal @entity101 surgery were randomly assigned into 2 groups: control group (n = 20) and supplemental group (adding @entity7647 and rhGH, n = 22). Every @entity1 received isocaloric and isonitrogenous standard total parenteral nutrition (TPN) starting 3 d after surgery for 7 d. Blood samples were obtained before surgery and at the 3rd and 10th day postoperatively. Host immunity was evaluated by measuring levels of @entity404 , @entity405 , @entity404 / @entity405 , IgG, IgM and IgA, and the inflammatory responses were determined by assessing @entity1199 , @entity310 and @entity1851 (CRP) levels. Intestinal permeability and integrity was evaluated by L/M test and histological examination, respectively. RESULTS: On postoperative d 10, @entity404 , @entity404 / @entity405 , IgG and @entity1199 levels in supplemental group were significantly higher than those in control group (33.7 +/- 5.5 vs 31.0 +/- 5.4, P < 0.05, (1.17 +/- 0.32 vs 1.05 +/- 0.15, P < 0.05, 13.94 +/- 1.09 vs 12.33 +/- 1.33, P < 0.05, and 368.12 +/- 59.25 vs 318.12 +/- 45.65, P < 0.05, respectively), whereas the increase in serum @entity310 concentration was significantly reduced (41.02 +/- 27.56 vs 160.09 +/- 35.17, P < 0.05). The increase in L/M ratio was significantly lower in the supplemental group than in the control group (0.0166 +/- 0.0017 vs 0.0339 +/- 0.0028, P < 0.05). Moreover, mucosal integrity in the supplemental group was better than in the control group. CONCLUSION: Postoperative administration of TPN supplemented with @entity7647 and rhGH in @entity1 after portal @entity101 surgery improves immune function, modulates inflammatory response, prevents the intestinal mucous membrane from @entity194 and preserves intestinal integrity.

title: XXXX and recombinant @entity1 @entity2124 protect intestinal barrier function following portal @entity101 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity3264 :: (D018698,Chemical) :: ['Glutamine']


abstract: In 8 @entity1 (6 males) at least 2 of 3 disorders were found--male @entity4998 (MPH), @entity3969 , and @entity8 . MPH was present in the 6 males; they had @entity246 (6/6), @entity4998 (6/6), negative sex chromatin (5/5), and 46XY karyotype (2/2). The gonads examined microscopically in 3 @entity1 were dysgenetic testes. The @entity703 present in 7 was @entity3969 ( @entity3969 ) of the classical type without @entity4575 or @entity10230 , bilateral in 1, and unilateral but multinodular in 2. Five underwent nephrectomy for a renal mass, and in 2 @entity3969 was found at open biopsy or at autopsy. The mean age at diagnosis was 10 months. @entity8 in 6 @entity1 began with onset of the @entity1985 between 20 days and 39 months of age; it was resistant to @entity134 therapy and led to death from @entity177 . Microscopically the glomerular process was a @entity7622 ( @entity7622 ). The 2 @entity1 with @entity3969 and @entity7541 , but without @entity7622 are healthy 2 1/2 and 9 years postnephrectomy. Neither familial incidence nor parental consanguinity was found. This syndrome has complete and partial forms, and its early recognition is important both for @entity1 management and for assessment of prognosis.

title: The association of @entity3969 , male @entity4998 and XXXX (Drash syndrome): report of eight cases with clinical and morphologic findings and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Glomerular disease', 'glomerular disease']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['ambiguous genitalia', 'pseudohermaphroditism']

entities_list: @entity10230 :: ('MESH:C536399', 'Disease') :: ['nephroblastomatosis']

entities_list: @entity246 :: ('MESH:D003456', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal cryptorchidism']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity4575 :: ('MESH:D000708', 'Disease') :: ['anaplasia']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['NB', 'nephroblastoma', "Wilm's tumor"]

entities_list: @entity7622 :: ('MESH:C537346', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse mesangial sclerosis', 'DMS']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['diffuse glomerular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic @entity1514 sympathectomy (ETS) provides definitive management for primary focal @entity1119 and @entity2652 . These conditions are debilitating and not uncommon, but many clinicians avoid ETS due to the risk of complications, particularly @entity3190 ( @entity3190 ). This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the degree of symptom resolution, @entity1 satisfaction and adverse reactions after ETS and to identify subgroups of @entity1 more likely to achieve a satisfactory outcome. METHODS: From 2004 to 2010, 210 @entity1 underwent ETS performed by a single surgeon. These @entity1 responded to a questionnaire regarding levels of satisfaction, symptom resolution and complications encountered, particularly @entity3190 . RESULTS: Palmar @entity1119 (97%) and scalp/facial @entity1119 (93%) demonstrated greater degrees of symptom resolution than axillary @entity1119 (71%) and @entity2652 (71%) (P < 0.001). Rates of severe @entity3190 were lowest in @entity1 with palmar @entity1119 (8%) and highest in @entity1 with axillary (26%) and scalp/facial (44.5%) @entity1119 (P = 0.0003). The probability of experiencing no @entity3190 was highest at young ages and decreased with age (P = 0.0006). Satisfaction rates also fell as age increased (P = 0.004). Satisfaction rates were highest in @entity1 with palmar (90%) and lowest in @entity1 with scalp/facial (52%) @entity1119 (P < 0.02). DISCUSSION: @entity1 satisfaction following ETS is highest among younger @entity1 and those undergoing the procedure for palmar @entity1119 . Dissatisfaction arises from failure to achieve the desired aim as well as the development of severe @entity3190 , which is more common in older @entity1 and those undergoing ETS for axillary and scalp/facial @entity1119 .

title: Predictors of outcome following endoscopic XXXX sympathectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial blushing']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['CS', 'compensatory sweating']

answer: @entity1514 :: (MESH:D013896,Disease) :: ['thoracic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare rates of cesarean birth, @entity7288 , @entity5870 , and serious @entity281 among pregnancies complicated by @entity397 of membranes (PROM) at term and managed by immediate @entity398 induction, by conservative management (or delayed @entity398 induction), or by vaginal (or endocervical) @entity1421 , gel, suppositories, or tablets. DATA SOURCES: The English-language literature in @entity8431 , LINE and other databases was searched through April 1996 using the terms "fetal membranes," " @entity397 ," and "term." METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: We included randomized trials comparing two or more management schemes for PROM at term. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: Twenty-three studies with a total of 7493 subjects met the inclusion criteria and were included for analysis. Data regarding @entity5870 , @entity281 , and cesarean delivery were extracted. Meta-analyses were performed for the three interventions for these outcomes of interest using the Der-Simonian and Laird and Mantel-Haenszel techniques to estimate the pooled odds ratios (ORs). No statistically significant differences in cesarean deliveries or @entity281 were noted among management schemes. Vaginal @entity2918 resulted in more @entity5870 than immediate @entity398 (OR 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09, 2.21), but less @entity5870 than conservative management (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.51, 0.91). Immediate @entity398 induction resulted in fewer cases of @entity5870 (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.52, 0.85) and @entity7288 (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.51, 0.99) than conservative management, although these results achieved significance only with the Mantel-Haenszel technique. CONCLUSION: Conservative management may result in more @entity281 than immediate induction with @entity398 or @entity2918 .

title: XXXX of membranes at term: a meta-analysis of three management schemes.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['chorioamnionitis']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis, neonatal infections', 'neonatal infections', 'maternal infections']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['premature rupture']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['Premature rupture']