abstract: Mixed Langmuir monolayers containing @entity4747 ( @entity4748 ) were applied as two-dimensional templates to incorporate with gold precursor @entity59271 - in the subphases. The organic monolayer templates were then transferred onto solid substrates to form ultra-thin films by the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition technique. With an UV irradiation approach, gold nanoparticles were thus fabricated in the LB films of monolayer templates. Characteristics of the monolayer templates were studied by the surface pressure-area isotherm measurements and Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observation. The factors affecting the formation of gold nanoparticle structures in the LB films of organic monolayer templates were elucidated by the atomic force microscopy (AFM). The monolayer isotherms and BAM images suggested that by changing the gold precursor concentration in the subphase, one could control the adsorption behavior of the gold precursor onto the monolayer templates. It was found that the association of the gold precursor with a pure @entity4748 monolayer template resulted in an unstable Langmuir monolayer, which was inappropriate for the following LB deposition. With the presence of @entity47938 in a @entity4748 monolayer, the monolayer template stability and corresponding LB deposition quality could be tremendously improved. Moreover, the distribution of @entity4748 molecules in the monolayer templates was possible to be regulated by the addition of @entity47938 , and the association behavior of the gold precursor with the monolayer templates was thus controlled. The AFM analysis then indicated that the number and size of gold nanoparticles fabricated in the LB films of the mixed @entity4748 / @entity47938 monolayer templates by a photoreduction reaction could be manipulated by the mole fraction of @entity47938 and UV irradiation time.

title: On the characteristics of mixed Langmuir monolayer templates containing XXXX for gold nanoparticle formation.

entities_list: @entity4747 :: ('MESH:D015060', 'Chemical') :: ['dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity47938 :: ('MESH:C005031', 'Chemical') :: ['n-hexadecanol']

answer: @entity4747 :: (MESH:D015060,Chemical) :: ['dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) and @entity565 are common and share similar nocturnal symptoms. We hypothesized that the prevalence of @entity27 symptoms would be greater in asthmatics compared to a general internal medicine population. METHODS: @entity1 in the Asthma Clinics (n=177) and Internal Medicine Clinics (n=328) at MetroHealth Medical Center, an urban academic institution, were surveyed for @entity27 risk. @entity1 completed the Berlin Questionnaire, a validated questionnaire with a positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of 0.89 for determining the presence of @entity27 in primary care populations. All asthmatics had spirometry performed. RESULTS: The @entity565 group had more females (p=0.01) and a higher mean body mass index (33.2 vs. 31.2 kg/m(2), p=0.02). However, the percentage with a body mass index >30 kg/m(2) was not different between the groups (p=0.19). The internal medicine group had a much higher rate of @entity101 (p=0.002) and @entity6 (p<0.001). Asthmatics were more likely to report frequent snoring (18.5% vs. 8.0%, p<0.001) and chronic @entity25 (46.1% vs. 34.3%, p=0.01). @entity27 risk, as determined by the Berlin Questionnaire, was higher in the @entity565 group than in the internal medicine group (39.5% vs. 27.2%, p=0.004). In the @entity565 group, risk for @entity27 did not correlate with @entity565 severity (p=0.183). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests a possible association between @entity565 and @entity27 . There is a higher prevalence of @entity27 symptoms in an asthmatic population when compared to a primary care population, independent of the severity of the @entity565 .

title: Findings of a Berlin Questionnaire survey: comparison between XXXX seen in an @entity565 clinic versus internal medicine clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['Obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Perioperative staging laparoscopy is a useful tool for the detection of occult peritoneal @entity3 in @entity1820 . This retrospective study aimed to determine the clinical value of staging laparoscopy for advanced or recurrent @entity356 . METHODS: A total of 178 @entity1 with advanced or recurred @entity356 who underwent perioperative staging laparoscopy were enrolled. In the absence of peritoneal deposits (P1) and positive peritoneal cytology (CY1), gastrectomy with lymph node dissection was indicated with curative intent. If P1 or CY1 was detected intraoperatively, @entity1 received intensive chemotherapy and laparoscopic surgical intervention. RESULTS: Curative gastrectomy was performed in 104 @entity1 after confirmation of P0 and CY0 status. P1 or CY1 was detected for the first time in 23 (15%) @entity1 . A total of 13 @entity1 were converted from gastrectomy to intensive chemotherapy after detection of P1 or CY1. Additional laparoscopic interventions included insertion of intraperitoneal reservoir port in 54 @entity1 , insertion of a metallic stent in five, ileostomy for @entity694 in six, jejunostomy in 19, and gastrojejunostomy in 16. Of eight @entity1 treated with intensive chemotherapy who underwent R0 gastrectomy after second-look laparoscopy, five are currently free from recurrence of @entity356 for 25.5  months. CONCLUSIONS: Occult peritoneal dissemination was detected in about 14% in @entity1 with @entity5 deeper than T2. Moreover, additional laparoscopic interventions can be utilized for P1 or CY1 @entity1 . The excellent surgical outcomes of R0 gastrectomy after chemotherapy and second-look laparoscopy indicate that confirmation of P0 and CY0 status by staging laparoscopy is of value to determine treatment strategy in @entity1 with advanced @entity356 .

title: Clinical utility of perioperative staging laparoscopy for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon stricture']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1365 deficiency (GLUT1D) has recently been identified as an important cause of @entity6191 in childhood. As it is a treatable condition, it is crucial to determine which @entity1 should be investigated. METHODS: We analyzed @entity1365 for mutations in a group of 93 unrelated @entity1 with @entity6191 . Fasting lumbar puncture was performed following the identification of a mutation. We compared our results with a systematic review of 7 publications of series of @entity1 with @entity6191 screened for @entity1365 mutations. RESULTS: We found 2/93 (2.1%) @entity1 with a @entity1365 mutation. One, carrying a novel de novo deletion had @entity302 with @entity3148 ( @entity3148 ), mild slowing of head growth, @entity4790 and @entity245 . The other, with a paternally inherited missense mutation, had @entity2048 with atypical EEG features and paroxysmal exercise-induced @entity910 (PED) initially misdiagnosed as @entity410 . Out of a total of 1110 screened @entity1 with @entity6191 from 7 studies, 2.4% (29/1110) had GLUT1D. This rate was higher (5.6%) among 303 @entity1 with early onset @entity2048 (EOAE) from 4 studies. About 50% of @entity1365 D @entity1 had @entity910 and 41% a family history of @entity410 , @entity910 or both. CONCLUSION: GLUT1D is most likely to be found in @entity3148 and in EOAE. The probability of finding GLUT1D in the classical @entity3762 is very low. Pointers to GLUT1D include an increase in @entity410 before meals, @entity73 , or PED which can easily be overlooked.

title: When should clinicians search for @entity1365 deficiency syndrome in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'myoclonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity4790 :: ('MESH:D002819', 'Disease') :: ['choreiform movements']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal movements', 'dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['generalized epilepsies']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['MAE', 'myoclonic-atonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['childhood absence epilepsy', 'absence epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic generalized epilepsies']

answer: @entity6191 :: (MESH:D004829,Disease) :: ['childhood generalized epilepsies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of overweight/ @entity28 , which is an important @entity65 factor, is rapidly increasing worldwide. @entity1144 , @entity209 , is not defined by appropriate cutoff points for sub-Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVE: To provide baseline and reference data on the anthropometry/body composition and the prevalence rates of @entity28 types and levels in the adult urban population of Kinshasa, DRC, Central Africa. METHODS: During this cross-sectional study carried out within a random sample of adults in Kinshasa town, body mass index, waist circumference and fatty mass were measured using standard methods. Their reference and local thresholds (cut-off points) were compared with those of WHO, NCEP and @entity4329 to define the types and levels of @entity28 in the population. RESULTS: From this sample of 11 511 subjects (5 676 @entity1 and 5 835 @entity1 ), the @entity1 presented with similar body mass index and fatty mass values to those of the @entity1 , but higher waist measurements. The international thresholds overestimated the prevalence of denutrition, but underscored that of general and @entity1144 . The two types of @entity28 were more prevalent among @entity1 than @entity1 when using both international and local thresholds. Body mass index was negatively associated with age; but @entity1144 was more frequent before 20 years of age and between 40 and 60 years old. Local thresholds of body mass index ( > or = 23, > or = 27 and > or = 30 kg/m(2)) and waist measurement ( > or = 80, > or = 90 and > or = 94 cm) defined epidemic rates of overweight/general @entity28 (52%) and @entity1144 (40.9%). The threshold of waist circumference > or = 94 cm (90th percentile) corresponding to the threshold of the body mass index > or = 30 kg/m(2) (90th percentile) was proposed as the specific threshold of @entity209 , without reference to gender, for the cities of sub-Saharan Africa. CONCLUSION: Further studies are required to define the optimal threshold of waist circumference in rural settings. The present local cut-off points of body mass index and waist circumference could be appropriate for the identification of Africans at risk of @entity28 , and indicate the need to implement interventions to reverse increasing levels of @entity28 .

title: Survey of XXXX in an adult urban population of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity-related disorders', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity', 'Abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['definition of the metabolic syndrome', 'a fundamental component of the metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity1144 :: (MESH:D056128,Disease) :: ['abdominal obesities']


abstract: @entity13299 represent "functional" or unexplained @entity51 such as @entity912 or somatosensory losses that are not explained by organic lesions in the nervous system, but arise in the context of "psychogenic" stress or emotional conflicts. After more than a century of both clinical and theoretical interest, the exact nature of such @entity74 responsible for hysterical symptoms, and their functional consequences on neural systems in the brain, still remain largely unknown. However, several recent studies have used functional brain imaging techniques (such as EEG, fMRI, PET, or SPECT) in the attempt to identify specific neural correlates associated with hysterical conversion symptoms. This article presents a general overview of these findings and of previous neuropsychologically based accounts of @entity9496 . Functional neuroimaging has revealed selective decreases in the activity of frontal and subcortical circuits involved in motor control during hysterical @entity912 , @entity3596 , or @entity227 . Such changes are usually not accompanied by any significant changes in elementary stages of sensory or motor processing as measured by evoked potentials, although some changes in later stages of integration (such as P300 responses) have been reported. On the other hand, several neuroimaging results have shown increased activation in limbic regions, such as cingulate or orbitofrontal cortex during conversion symptoms affecting different sensory or motor modalities. Taken together, these data generally do not support previous proposals that @entity9496 might involve an exclusion of sensorimotor representations from awareness through attentional processes. They rather seem to point to a modulation of such representations by primary affective or stress-related factors, perhaps involving primitive reflexive mechanisms of protection and alertness that are partly independent of conscious control, and mediated by dynamic modulatory interactions between limbic and sensorimotor networks. A better understanding of the neuropsychobiological bases of @entity13299 might therefore be obtained by future imaging studies that compare different conversion symptoms and employ functional connectivity analyses. This should not only lead to improve clinical management of these @entity1 , but also provide new insights on the brain mechanisms of self-awareness.

title: XXXX and brain function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['decreases in visual cortex during hysterical blindness']

entities_list: @entity3596 :: ('MESH:D058926', 'Disease') :: ['decreases in somatosensory cortices during hysterical anesthesia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['emotional disorders']

entities_list: @entity13299 :: ('MESH:D003291', 'Disease') :: ['hysterical conversion disorder', 'Hysterical conversion disorders']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity13299 :: (MESH:D003291,Disease) :: ['Hysterical conversion']


abstract: The effects of @entity2332 on hypoglycemic @entity75 were studied in @entity35 after a 30-min period of @entity772 , defined as cessation of spontaneous EEG activity. The @entity35 were either normothermic (37 degrees C) or moderately hypothermic (33 degrees C). Morphological @entity75 was evaluated after various periods of recovery. Hypothermic animals with @entity1508 anesthesia never resumed spontaneous respiration, thus requiring artificial ventilation during recovery (maximally 8 h). In contrast, when @entity5161 was used as the anesthetic agent, all animals survived and were examined after 1 week of recovery. There was a tendency towards gradually higher arterial plasma @entity413 levels during @entity4053 with lower body temperature. The time period from insulin injection until isoelectric EEG appeared was gradually prolonged by @entity2332 , and was shorter when @entity5161 was used for anesthesia. @entity75 was examined within the neocortex, caudoputamen and hippocampus ( @entity1249 , subiculum and the tip of the dentate gyrus). Damage to neurons was found to be of two types, namely condensed dark purple neurons (pre-acidophilic) and shrunken bright red-staining neurons (acidophilic). In the neocortex, no clear influence of temperature on the @entity130 was seen. In the caudoputamen, the number of injured neurons clearly decreased at lower temperature (33 degrees C, P less than 0.001) when @entity1508 was used, while no such difference was seen when @entity5161 was used as the anesthetic agent. Likewise, a protective effect of @entity2332 was seen in subiculum (P less than 0.01) when @entity1508 , but not @entity5161 was used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The influence of @entity2332 on XXXX -induced @entity75 in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Brain damage', 'brain damage']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['degree of injury']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemic coma']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia']


abstract: The method of laser Doppler (LD) fluxmetry records the flux of moving blood cells and particles in a small tissue volume. However, also during complete @entity432 a flux-independent signal can be recorded, which is sometimes significantly different from the electrical zero of the instrument. This part of the signal has been called the biological zero (BZ), and can sometimes represent up to 80% of the total LD signal. In the present study, we investigated the influence of induced @entity450 produced by @entity31648 and @entity112 respectively, both vasodilators but only @entity112 giving @entity4 . Eleven legs of nine healthy subjects were studied. Test sites on the dorsal skin of the foot were prepared with a) @entity112 (10 mg/ml), b) methylnicotinate (0.1 mol/l) and c) saline. The substances were administered onto the skin with a lancet as the prick test procedure. The basal LD was measured before, and the BZ during an @entity432 obtained with a cuff at the ankle. @entity112 induced a wheal and @entity4 in all subjects, while @entity31648 only caused erythema. Basal LD was significantly (p less than 0.01) increased by both substances compared to saline. The BZ was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) with @entity112 than with both saline and @entity31648 . The results show that BZ is increased by vasodilation, and still more so by @entity4 formation. It is concluded that the BZ value must always be recorded and taken into consideration when LD blood cell flux is measured in the skin.

title: Effects of local XXXX and @entity4 on the biological zero in laser Doppler fluxmetry (LD).

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity31648 :: ('MESH:C008473', 'Chemical') :: ['methylnicotinate']

answer: @entity450 :: (MESH:D006940,Disease) :: ['hyperemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is well demonstrated that @entity28 is an independent risk factor for @entity65 . Recent studies have shown that @entity28 , insulin resistance and @entity731 are closely related phenomena in which low-grade inflammatory state and prothrombotic condition has pivotal roles. It has been shown that @entity2936 -soluble @entity2936 ligand (sCD40L) interactions might constitute an important mediator for @entity32 . The aim of the present study was to assess sCD40L in relation to hs-CRP and cardiovascular risk factors in relation to body mass index (BMI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum sCD40L and hs-CRP concentrations were measured in 52 @entity28 @entity1 and 28 non- @entity28 subjects by ELISA. Insulin resistance was calculated by homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). We divided the @entity1 into three groups depending in their BMI levels (Group 1: BMI <25 kg/m(2), Group 2: BMI 30-34.9 kg/m(2), Group 3: BMI > or =35 kg/m(2)). RESULTS: We determined that the mean sCD40L of group 3 was significantly higher than group 1 and group 2 (p<0.05, p<0.05, respectively). However, there was no significant correlation between plasma sCD40L levels and BMI. Plasma levels of hs-CRP were higher in @entity28 group than the non- @entity28 group (p<0.001). The levels of sCD40L were not significantly different between the two groups. The mean hs-CRP levels increased gradually in accordance with groups of BMI, there was a strong correlation between hs-CRP levels and BMI (r=0.724, p<0.001). There was no significant correlation between sCD40L and hs-CRP levels in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: It is still a subject for debate whether sCD40L levels are increased or not in @entity28 . However, the results of this study showed that sCD40L is substantially increased in @entity1 with severe @entity28 . In terms of causality, the relatively small sample size and cross-sectional design of this study are considered to be the limitation factors.

title: The levels of circulating markers of XXXX and @entity32 in subjects with different degrees of body mass index: Soluble @entity2936 ligand and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['vascular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: Neutrophil apoptosis represents a crucial step in the mechanisms governing the resolution of @entity32 . Several soluble mediators of @entity32 modulate neutrophil survival, retarding their apoptosis, whereas neutrophil activation by immune complexes (IC) results in the acceleration of apoptosis. To investigate neutrophil fate at the site of @entity32 , we studied the effects of @entity1199 , @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity8252 , @entity2841 , and @entity5038 on spontaneous and IC-induced neutrophil apoptosis and the mechanisms regulating the survival of these cells. Spontaneous apoptosis was inhibited by @entity2841 , @entity650 , and @entity8252 , but only @entity2841 overturned IC-induced apoptosis. No role of oxidants on the modulation of IC-dependent apoptosis was found. Indeed, @entity5038 or @entity2841 augmented the IC-dependent oxidative response, whereas the other compounds were ineffective. @entity1111 neutrophils showed low levels of spontaneous apoptosis, but when exposed to IC, underwent a sharp increment of the apoptotic rate in a @entity2841 -inhibitable manner. Conversely, the expression of the proapoptotic protein @entity589 in 18-h aged neutrophils was down-regulated by @entity2841 , @entity650 , and @entity8252 . Furthermore, IC induced a nearly threefold @entity589 up-regulation, which was completely reversed only by @entity2841 . Accordingly, the spontaneous activity of @entity522 was inhibited by @entity2841 , @entity650 , and @entity8252 . Furthermore, IC induced a sharp increment of enzymatic activity, and only @entity2841 inhibited the IC-dependent acceleration. Our results show that apoptosis of resting and IC-activated neutrophils is regulated differently, @entity2841 being the most potent neutrophil antiapoptotic factor. The results also unveil the existence of an oxidant-independent, @entity589 - and @entity522 -dependent, intracellular pathway regulating neutrophil apoptosis.

title: Differential regulation of spontaneous and immune complex-induced neutrophil apoptosis by proinflammatory cytokines. Role of oxidants, XXXX and @entity522 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'neutrophilic inflammation']

answer: @entity589 :: (581,Gene) :: ['Bax']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether an increase in the @entity398 dosing interval would decrease the incidence of uterine @entity14563 . METHODS: This study included 1801 consecutive pregnancies receiving high-dose @entity398 . @entity398 was used for labor augmentation in 1167 and induction in 634 @entity1 . Twenty- and 40-minute dosage intervals were compared. The study period was based on an 80% likelihood of detecting 5 and 10% differences in the cesarean and @entity14563 rates, respectively. Statistics were analyzed with chi 2, Fisher, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests where appropriate. Multivariate logistic regression and analysis of covariance were used to control for confounding demographic variables. RESULTS: Comparison of the 20- and 40-minute regimens for labor induction yielded no differences in the rates of cesarean delivery for @entity1266 (16 versus 19%) or fetal distress (5 versus 6%). The 20-minute regimen for augmentation was associated with a significant reduction in cesarean for @entity1266 (8 versus 12%; P = .05). The incidence of uterine @entity14563 was greater with the 20-minute than the 40-minute regimen for induction (40 versus 31%; P = .02), but not for augmentation (31 versus 28%). Neonatal outcomes were unaffected by the dosage interval for both augmentation and induction. CONCLUSION: A 40-minute dosing interval for high-dose @entity398 offers no clear advantage over a 20-minute interval. Both regimens were safe and efficient, with no differences in perinatal outcome. The 20-minute interval was associated with fewer cesareans for @entity1266 when used for labor augmentation, whereas the 40-minute interval resulted in less @entity14563 when used for labor induction.

title: High-dose XXXX : 20- versus 40-minute dosage interval.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin', 'Oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity14563 :: ('MESH:D016471', 'Disease') :: ['hyperstimulation']

answer: @entity398 :: (MESH:D010121,Chemical) :: ['oxytocin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To calculate the use of absorbent products in @entity1 with @entity322 in the Seville District Primary Health Care, and to compare the use over time, and to calculate the health costs and their variation during the period 2005-2009. METHOD: A cross-sectional and descriptive observational study was conducted on the use of @entity322 absorbents in the Seville District Primary Health Care, from 2005 and 2009. @entity1 registered as using @entity322 absorbents (UIA) during that period were included as the study population. MAIN VARIABLES: number of absorbent packages/number of healthcare cards by @entity1 age and by type of contribution, and cost of UIA/number of cards by @entity1 age and by type of social security contribution. RESULTS: There was an increase of 0.71% in the prescription of absorbents by healthcare card, @entity1 age and by type of contribution. When comparing the different Health Areas, there was an increase of 1.06% within the Virgen del Roc  o Hospital Area and an increase of 1.28% within Virgen de Macarena Hospital Area. The health expense incurred in the use of UIA during these five years was 4,100,765    , which is an increase of 17.8%. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high increase in the use of UIA with time, causing an increase in the health costs. There was also a high frequency in the use of special beds. Therefore, it would be reasonable to train the prescribers to promote progressive and multidisciplinary treatment of UI.

title: [The use and suitability of absorbent products for XXXX in a primary health care district].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: We determined the antigenic structure of pandemic @entity778 hemagglutinin (HA) using 599 escape mutants that were selected using 16 anti-HA monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against A/Narita/1/2009. The sequencing of mutant HA genes revealed 43 @entity535 substitutions at 24 positions in three antigenic sites, Sa, Sb, and @entity61830 , which were previously mapped onto A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (A/PR/8/34) HA (A. J. Caton, G. G. Brownlee, J. W. Yewdell, and W. Gerhard, Cell 31:417-427, 1982), and an undesignated site, i.e., @entity535 residues 141, 142, 143, 171, 172, 174, 177, and 180 in the Sa site, residues 170, 173, 202, 206, 210, 211, and 212 in the Sb site, residues 151, 154, 156, 157, 158, 159, 200, and 238 in the @entity61830 site, and residue 147 in the undesignated site (numbering begins at the first @entity1853 ). Sixteen MAbs were classified into four groups based on their cross-reactivity with the panel of escape mutants in the hemagglutination inhibition test. Among them, six MAbs targeting the Sa and Sb sites recognized both residues at positions 172 and 173. MAb n2 lost reactivity when mutations were introduced at positions 147, 159 (site @entity61830 ), 170 (site Sb), and 172 (site Sa). We designated the site consisting of these residues as site Pa. From 2009 to 2013, no antigenic drift was detected for the A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. However, if a novel variant carrying a mutation at a position involved in the epitopes of several MAbs, such as 172, appeared, such a virus would have the advantage of becoming a drift strain. IMPORTANCE: The first @entity683 pandemic of the 21st century occurred in 2009 with the emergence of a novel virus originating with @entity1707 @entity683 , A(H1N1)pdm09. Although HA of A(H1N1)pdm09 has a common origin (1918 H1N1) with seasonal H1N1, the antigenic divergence of HA between the seasonal H1N1 and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses gave rise to the @entity683 pandemic in 2009. To take precautions against the antigenic drift of the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in the near future, it is important to identify its precise antigenic structure. To obtain various mutants that are not neutralized by MAbs, it is important to neutralize several plaque-cloned parent viruses rather than only a single parent virus. We characterized 599 escape mutants that were obtained by neutralizing four parent viruses of A(H1N1)pdm09 in the presence of 16 MAbs. Consequently, we were able to determine the details of the antigenic structure of HA, including a novel epitope.

title: Epitope mapping of the hemagglutinin molecule of A/(H1N1)pdm09 XXXX virus by using monoclonal antibody escape mutants.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: The influence of the @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ) inhibitor @entity3372 (1 mg/kg orally in a single daily dose) on right ventricular (RV) @entity1184 was studied in @entity35 . The pulmonary artery was banded to an outer diameter of 1.7 mm. After 14 days, left (LV) and RV hemodynamic parameters were measured in anesthetized animals. Furthermore, regional heart weights were determined, and myocytes of three different heart regions were isolated and subjected to morphometric analysis. @entity849 caused a marked @entity101 (SBP) without alteration of LV functional parameters as compared with sham-operated animals. Correspondingly, the weight of the RV free wall as well as the RV cell volume were increased to about the same extent, while the LV weight was unchanged. Administration of @entity3372 to pulmonary artery-constricted animals slightly reduced LV SBP and LVdP/dtmax as compared with banded animals without treatment. The increase in RV SBP and the @entity1017 of the RV free wall were not affected, however. In contrast, the increase in cell volume of isolated myocytes was less pronounced in this group (+27% as compared with +58% in untreated animals). Because there were no differences in water content of the tissue, interstitial or cellular @entity4 cannot be responsible for this discrepancy. Thus, @entity1811 inhibition with @entity3372 appears to blunt the cellular @entity1184 in this model without affecting the @entity1017 of the RV.

title: Influence of XXXX on right ventricular @entity1184 induced by @entity849 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['ramipril']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in RV systolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1811 :: ('24310(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

answer: @entity3372 :: (MESH:D017257,Chemical) :: ['ramipril']


abstract: BACKGROUND: 187,000 hip and knee joint replacements are performed every year in the National Health Service (NHS). One of the commonest complications is @entity281 ( @entity281 ), and this represents a significant burden in terms of @entity1 morbidity, mortality and cost to health services around the world. The aim of this randomised controlled trial (RCT) is to determine if the addition of @entity14789 coated sutures to a standard regimen can reduce the rate of @entity281 after total knee replacement (TKR) and total hip replacement (THR). METHODS: 2400 @entity1 due to undergo a total hip or knee replacement are being recruited into this two-centre RCT. @entity1 are recruited before surgery and randomised to either standard care or intervention group. @entity1 , outcome assessors and statistician are blind to treatment allocation throughout the study. The intervention consists of @entity14789 coated sutures vs. standard non-coated sutures. The primary outcome is the Health protection Agency (HPA) defined superficial @entity281 at 30 days. Secondary outcomes include @entity281 at 12 months, length of hospital stay, critical care stay, and payer costs. DISCUSSION: To date there are no orthopaedic randomised controlled trials on this scale assessing the effectiveness of a surgical intervention, particularly those that can be translated across the surgical specialities. The results from this trial will inform evidence-based recommendations for suture selection in the management of @entity1 undergoing total hip or knee replacement. If @entity14789 coated sutures are found to be an effective intervention, implementation into clinical practice could improve long-term outcomes for @entity1 undergoing hip and knee replacement. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN 17807356.

title: The effect of XXXX coated sutures on rate of @entity281 after hip and knee replacement: a protocol for a double-blind randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HPA defined deep surgical site infection', 'surgical site infection', 'SSI']

entities_list: @entity14789 :: ('MESH:D014260', 'Chemical') :: ['triclosan']

answer: @entity14789 :: (MESH:D014260,Chemical) :: ['triclosan']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity4481 ( @entity11974 ) is a newer antiepileptic drug (AED) licensed as add-on treatment for partial @entity302 in adults. Efficacy and safety have been proven in several controlled clinical studies. These trials, however, only partially reflect clinical practice. Retention rate has been established as a marker for efficacy and safety of AEDs in long-term follow-up studies. METHODS: We evaluated the data of the first 105 @entity1 treated with @entity11974 at Bethel Epilepsy Centre, a tertiary referral centre for @entity302 . The @entity1 were interviewed after 3, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: 105 adult @entity1 (aged 38+/-13 years) were treated with @entity11974 , on average in combination with 2.1 AEDs (mean observation period 232 days). 76.2% had @entity1625 , 19.0 multifocal @entity302 , and 3.8% @entity302 with both focal and generalised @entity410 . 40% continued @entity11974 with the following outcome: 5.7% @entity410 -free for at least 1 month (4.8% for at least 3 months, 2.4% for at least 6 months; one of the @entity410 -free @entity1 , however, had had @entity302 surgery during the observational period), 17.1% responders (> or =50% reduction of @entity410 frequency but not @entity410 -free), 13.3% with unchanged or increased @entity410 frequency. Reasons for withdrawal were lack of efficacy (47.6%) or side-effects (12.7%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity11974 is a new therapeutic option as add-on therapy for @entity1 with highly refractory focal @entity302 although the therapeutic success that can be expected in this group of @entity1 is limited.

title: Retention rate of XXXX in drug-resistant @entity302 : 1-year follow-up, single-centre observation in 105 consecutive, adult @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['Pregabalin']

answer: @entity4481 :: (MESH:C080245,Chemical) :: ['pregabalin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective. Herein, we aimed to study the mechanism whereby @entity10504 ( @entity1989 ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can synergistically induce the release of @entity650 ( @entity650 ) and @entity687 in NCI-H292 cells. Methods. NCI-H292 cells were divided into control, @entity1989 , LPS, and @entity1989 +LPS groups. At various time points, the phosphorylation of @entity4675 in each group was measured by western blotting. Additionally, the productions of @entity650 and @entity687 were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effects of @entity4287 , an inhibitor of the @entity4675 pathway, on the increase of p- @entity4675 , @entity650 , and @entity687 were also studied. Results. Our results showed that either @entity1989 or LPS treatment alone can significantly increase the phosphorylation level of @entity4675 in NCI-H292 cells. Of interest was the combined use of @entity1989 and LPS that has a synergistic effect on the phosphorylation of @entity4675 , as well as synergistically inducing the release of @entity650 and @entity687 in NCI-H292 cells. Furthermore, @entity4287 significantly inhibited the activation of @entity4675 signal, as well as reducing the productions of @entity650 and @entity687 in response to @entity1989 +LPS stimulation. Conclusions. The @entity4675 signaling pathway contributes to the release of @entity650 and @entity687 , which is stimulated by the synergistic actions of @entity1989 +LPS in NCI-H292 cells.

title: LPS Cooperates with @entity10504 to Promote @entity650 and XXXX Release via the @entity4675 Signaling Pathway in NCI-H292 Cells.

entities_list: @entity10504 :: ('MESH:C015462', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-L-arginine']

answer: @entity687 :: (3576,Gene) :: ['IL-8']


abstract: A major contributory factor to the development of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) is the inflammatory response to cigarette smoke. However, when those with @entity1030 stop smoking, a continuous cycle of @entity32 can lead to continued decline in lung function. Understanding the role of inflammatory cells in @entity1030 is difficult because it is a mixture of diseases-- @entity3617 , @entity1565 and @entity2415 --that exhibit different patterns of @entity32 and different pathology. Neutrophils and macrophages have been implicated in this process; they release proteolytic enzymes and generate oxidants, which cause tissue damage, as well as cytokines and chemokines, which can potentiate @entity32 and trigger an immune response. Analysis of sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid shows increases in both neutrophils and macrophages in respiratory secretions in @entity1030 subjects; neutrophils are the predominant cell in the conducting airways, whereas macrophages are the major cell in secretions from the small airways and parenchyma. Airway tissue neutrophils are increased in the large and small airways during infection and exacerbations, whilst parenchymal neutrophil numbers are inversely related to alveolar wall destruction, suggesting that they are not involved in the progression of @entity2415 . Macrophages are increased throughout the respiratory tract airway lumen and epithelium in @entity1030 and are positively related to severity of disease, @entity1224 and degree of @entity16 in @entity2415 . Unactivated T-lymphocytes do not linger in lung tissue. Activated (eg due to antigenic stimulus) memory T cells home in to the lung and act as effector cells. CD-8+ T cell differentiation into memory cells is facilitated by @entity404 + T cells. Binding of CD-8+ T cells to collagen stimulates proliferation and mediator production which may contribute to the inflammatory response. @entity405 + cytotoxic/suppressor T cells release cytotoxic perforins and granzyme B which cause cell death and apoptosis, a feature of @entity2415 . Lung secretions contain only a small percentage of T cells; most T-lymphocytes reside in the subepithelial and smooth muscle region of the tissue. During @entity1030 , there is either an increase in the @entity405 +/ @entity404 + ratio of T cells, or an increase in the in total numbers of both @entity405 + and @entity404 + T cells, in the tissue. Smoking status, smoking history, degree of @entity1224 and @entity2415 are all related to increased @entity405 + cells and/or @entity405 +/ @entity404 + ratio. During severe @entity2415 requiring lung volume reduction surgery, there is a considerable increase in macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, @entity404 + and @entity405 + T cells which relates to the severity of the disease. Interestingly, the marked increase in luminal @entity405 + cells results in an increased ratio of @entity405 +/ @entity404 + T cells that is not seen in the parenchymal tissue. The florid @entity32 observed in severe @entity2415 is suggested to be related to latent @entity1800 .

title: Inflammatory cells and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar wall damage']

entities_list: @entity1565 :: ('MESH:D056151', 'Disease') :: ['small airways disease']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The notion that @entity2316 is the leading cause of @entity8 prompted us to investigate the effects of blood @entity413 fluctuation (BGF) under high @entity413 condition on kidney in the @entity19 . METHODS: The @entity6 and BGF animal models were established in this study. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and RT-PCR analysis were applied to detect the expression of type I collagen, matrix metalloproteinase-1 ( @entity5782 ), metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 ( @entity5779 ), @entity641 ( @entity641 ), phosphorylated- @entity13436 , @entity1995 , @entity642 , and Akt. RESULTS: BGF treatment increased type I collagen synthesis by two times compared with the control. The expression of @entity5782 was reduced markedly while @entity5779 synthesis was enhanced after BGF treatment. @entity13436 phosphorylation exhibits a significant increase in the @entity19 treated with BGF. Furthermore, BGF can markedly upregulate @entity641 expression. The p-smad2 showed 2-fold increases compared with the only @entity6 @entity19 . However, p-AKT levels were unchanged after BGF treatment. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that BGF can accelerate the trend of @entity8 in @entity6 @entity19 by increasing collagen production and inhibiting collagen degradation. Both @entity13436 /MAPK and @entity641 /smad signaling pathways seem to play a role in the development of @entity8 accelerated by blood @entity413 fluctuation.

title: Both XXXX /MAPK and TGF-Beta/Smad signaling pathways play a role in the @entity8 of @entity6 @entity19 accelerated by blood @entity413 fluctuation.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal fibrosis', 'kidney fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity641 :: ('21803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta 1', 'TGF- b 1', 'TGF- b']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity13436 :: (26413(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['ERK']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a physiological cell death process that allows a tissue or organ to remove unwanted cells and responsible for the maintenance of stable cell numbers in tissues even in primary @entity731 or restenotic lesion of coronary artery. Previous studies on the apoptosis of @entity453 are usually prone to run into qualitative description without the aid of "quantitative" evaluation. To eliminate such subjective errors, we have designed a triple immunofluorescent stain assessed by digital camera and computer-aided analysis system so that the actual quantitative apoptotic expression of coronary @entity731 development can be more precisely evaluated. METHODS: Specimens of coronary artery were obtained from consecutive @entity1 undergoing coronary endarterectomy or cardiac transplantation. Twenty-seven blocks of paraffin tissue specimens from 16 @entity1 were analyzed. According to the American Heart Association (AHA) classification of @entity731 , type I, II, III lesions were defined as early lesions and the other three types: IV, V, and VI as advanced lesions. Apoptosis and cell types were recognized simultaneously by triple immunofluorescent stain combined with Hoechst, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 Nick End-Labeling (TUNEL) and smooth muscle cell (SMC) marker staining. Apoptotic index deduced from TUNEL-positive nucleus number divided by Hoechst-positive nucleus number. Apoptotic cell-type index deduced from TUNEL-positive nuclei, which are surrounded by cell type fluorescent marker, divided by total TUNEL-positive nuclei. RESULTS: Fourteen early lesions and 13 advanced lesions of tissue specimens were analyzed in this study. The mean apoptotic index of early lesions was 2.60 +/- 1.72%, which is significantly lower than that of the advanced lesions (7.42 +/- 3.07%). The apoptosis between the tapering portion and lesion portion obtained from 10 coronary endarterectomy specimens was also significantly different (2.59 +/- 1.90% vs 8.10 +/- 3.20%). In either early or advanced lesions, the predominant cell type of apoptosis was SMC. CONCLUSIONS: The identical counting and quantification analytic method we designed is more accurate and quantitative than the traditional investigation in detecting and affirming the "homeostasis" role of apoptosis in the @entity731 pathogenesis process of @entity453 .

title: Modified quantitative detection of apoptosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerotic lesion']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease', 'coronary atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']


abstract: Infection-related mortality affects the overall survival rates of @entity1 who are receiving treatment for @entity5 . The leading cause of mortality is @entity2259 and @entity295 related to it in febrile @entity1398 @entity1 . All positive blood cultures of febrile @entity1398 @entity1 treated in the Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, between January 1995 and January 2001 were reviewed. Cultures grew 159 micro-organisms, 95 (60 per cent) of which were Gram-positive bacteria, 56 (35 per cent) were Gram-negative bacteria and eight (5 per cent) were fungi. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (63, 40 per cent) and @entity794 (8, 5 per cent) were the most frequent Gram-positive pathogens. Klebsiella, @entity526 , @entity2782 were the primary Gram-negative pathogens. Twenty cases were lost because of @entity295 : in 11 cases (55 per cent) Gram-negative bacteria, in eight cases (40 per cent) Gram-positive bacteria, and in only one case a fungus were the causative organisms. Although @entity2176 was not included in the first-line treatment, the mortality rate of @entity2259 was 8 per cent. In @entity2259 it was 20 per cent. Gram-negative pathogens, which were resistant to multiple antibiotics, caused the mortality. Drug resistance and mortality due to micro-organisms must be taken into consideration while @entity1398 protocols are prepared.

title: XXXX in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2782 :: ('MESH:D011552', 'Disease') :: ['Enterobacter and Pseudomonas infections']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia', 'Gram-positive bacteremia', 'Gram-negative bacteremia']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['Bacteremia']


abstract: Despite careful clinical staging, as many as 30 percent of @entity1 with pathologically, specimen-confined @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) have unpredictable recurrence following surgery. Present pathologic and clinical staging systems cannot accurately predict those @entity1 with high risk of disease recurrence from those who are cured by surgery alone. Advances in immunotherapy including gene therapy for @entity1358 have dictated the need to identify @entity1358 @entity1 for adjuvant therapy protocols who have a high probability of recurrence following nephrectomy. Nuclear morphometric techniques developed at our institution have predicted prognosis for a variety of @entity5 ; it was used to predict recurrence among @entity1 undergoing nephrectomy for localized @entity1358 . This report is a retrospective study of 26 @entity1 with @entity1358 of similar age, stage ( @entity61840 ), and grade. Fifteen were free of disease at a mean of 75.2 months, and 11 had distant disease recurrence at a mean of 27.1 months. Statistical analysis of a variety of nuclear shape descriptors accurately separated this group of @entity1 based on disease recurrence. No nuclear shape descriptor predicted disease recurrence when nuclei within the region of the @entity5 with the highest grade were analyzed. However, the range of nuclear ellipticity (p = 0.007) best predicted disease recurrence when nuclei were selected in a random fashion. Multivariate analysis of the four best shape descriptors better predicted disease recurrence (p = 0.002) with a sensitivity of 73 percent and specificity of 100 percent. These results are encouraging and suggest that this technique might be used in identifying @entity1 for adjuvant gene therapy.

title: Nuclear morphometry accurately predicts recurrence in clinically localized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'genitourinary tumors']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare three different multiple @entity881 scores in predicting hospital mortality rates and to discover which one best assesses @entity881 /failure in @entity1 with severe acute @entity788 in a general intensive care unit. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational study. SETTING: Surgical department and a ten-bed general intensive care unit in a tertiary care hospital. @entity1 : Among the 178 consecutive @entity1 admitted to the surgical department with severe acute @entity788 from 1994 to 1998, 113 @entity1 treated in the general intensive care unit underwent study. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS: Clinical and laboratory data were collected during a period of 35 days. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, Multiple Organ Dysfunction (MOD) score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and Logistic Organ Dysfunction (LOD) score were calculated and compared regarding hospital mortality rate. In addition, daily maximum score and a total maximum score (sum of the highest values for each @entity881 ) were calculated for all three scores. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used as a measure of accuracy of the scores. The highest accuracy was revealed with daily maximum scores with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.847 for SOFA, 0.844 for MOD, and 0.836 for LOD. According to the maximum SOFA score, the highest mortality rate was associated with liver (83%, p <.001) and renal (63%, p <.001) failures. The mortality ratio with two organ failures ranged from 50% to 91%. The highest mortality rate (91%) was for a combination of hepatic and @entity177 . In multiple logistic regression analysis, only hepatic, renal, and @entity65 and previous cardiovascular medication were independent risk factors for hospital mortality. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with severe acute @entity788 , @entity881 scores (MOD, SOFA, LOD) show good accuracy, comparable with APACHE II in predicting hospital mortality. The maximum daily @entity881 scores were simple and useful in assessing multiple @entity881 and in predicting hospital mortality rates of @entity1 with severe acute @entity788 .

title: Multiple @entity881 associated with severe acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular failure']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Rhinoestrus purpureus (Brauer, 1858) (Diptera: Oestridae) is an economically important parasite that can cause severe @entity4057 in equids or even attacking @entity1 . The antennae of R. purpureus were examined using stereoscopic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The general morphology was provided detailedly, together with distribution, type, size, and @entity11407 . All the three antennal segments, antennal scape, pedicel, and funiculus, are interspersed by microtrichiae. Only mechanoreceptors are detected on antennal scape and pedicel. On antennal funiculus, three @entity164 were observed, including basiconic sensilla, coeloconic sensilla and clavate sensilla. Two features are characterized of this host-specific bot @entity238 : (1) numerous sensory pits with branched basiconic sensilla on antennal funiculus and (2) the absence of trichoid sensilla. The function of these distinctive traits are discussed in association with the life history. We suggest that more @entity558 could increase the sensitivity of olfactory system for host orientation, while the capability of @entity5681 identification might be reduced due to the absence of trichoid sensilla. Besides, we support both thermo- and chemo-functions of coeloconic sensilla.

title: Ultrastructure of antennal sensory organs of horse nasal- XXXX @entity238 , Rhinoestrus purpureus (Diptera: Oestridae).

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['sensory pits with branched sensilla']

entities_list: @entity4057 :: ('MESH:D009198', 'Disease') :: ['nasal myiasis']

entities_list: @entity11407 :: ('MESH:C566368', 'Disease') :: ['ultrastructure of antennal sensilla']

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['types of sensilla']

entities_list: @entity5681 :: ('CHEBI:26013', 'Chemical') :: ['pheromone']

answer: @entity4057 :: (MESH:D009198,Disease) :: ['myiasis']


abstract: A 53-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity812 for 6 days. Computerized tomography revealed a 3 cm long segment of ureteral narrowing with wall thickening and @entity3041 , suspicious for @entity1698 . Under the clinical diagnosis of @entity1698 a right nephroureterectomy was performed. The wall of the distal ureter, 2.5 cm from the bladder cuff, had a luminal-narrowing, firm mass-forming lesion with abrupt transition from the adjacent ureter. Histologically, the resected ureteral mass showed transmural fibrosing, @entity32 with numerous plasma cells, epithelioid @entity738 , and obliterative @entity3527 . Histological findings were consistent with @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) with differential diagnoses of IgG4-related @entity66 , including lymphoplasmacytic @entity6437 ( @entity6437 ) and @entity3807 . IgG4 immunostaining in this case was barely positive, excluding the possibility of IgG4-related @entity6437 . Although the majority of luminal obliterated segmental lesions of the ureter are neoplastic in nature, non-neoplastic inflammatory processes as seen in this case may occur in the ureter, causing diagnostic confusion with true @entity5 . Herein we report a rare case of @entity1347 that was clinically misdiagnosed as malignancy preoperatively. @entity1347 of the current case may be an IgG4-unrelated subtype of @entity6437 .

title: @entity1347 , misdiagnosed as XXXX preoperatively: a case report with literature review.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosing disease']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

entities_list: @entity3807 :: ('MESH:D012185', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ISU', 'idiopathic segmental ureteritis']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['IPT', 'inflammatory pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['right flank pain']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity1698 :: ('MESH:D014516', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral carcinoma', 'ureteral cancer']

answer: @entity1698 :: (MESH:D014516,Disease) :: ['ureteral cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of @entity2801 specific inhibitors in @entity447 . STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: National Institute of @entity1503 and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Karachi, from August 2007 to March 2009. METHODOLOGY: Venous blood samples of diagnosed @entity447 @entity1 were collected in tubes containing 0.109 M (3.2%) @entity26497 , centrifuged without delay at 1200 G for 15 minutes. @entity2801 inhibitors were screened by APTT based method using 50:50 @entity1 ' plasma mixed with normal plasma incubated together for 2 hours at 37  C. Quantitative assay was carried out to measure Bethesda units (BU). Samples were labelled as low titre inhibitor when less than 5 BU detected, while high titre inhibitor when more than 5 BU were detected. RESULTS: A total of 140 @entity447 @entity1 were evaluated for allo-antibodies who received treatment with @entity2801 concentrates / FFP/ cryoprecipitate. Among them 21 @entity1 (15%) were found to have positive screening test results for inhibitors. The mean age of @entity1 with inhibitors was 11.9 + 8.81 years. Thirteen were high responders (62%) while 8 were low responders (38%). The mean inhibitor level in low (titre) responders was 2.46 + 1.31 BU while in high (titre) responders it was 29.15 + 12.81 BU. According to severity of the disease 12/21 with severe @entity447 (57.2%) developed inhibitors, whereas 8/21 with moderate (38%) and 1/21 with mild @entity447 (4.7%) showed positive results for inhibitors. CONCLUSION: Fifteen percent @entity447 @entity1 developed inhibitors in this cohort, majority with severe and moderate @entity447 . Age and severity of disease were found to be main contributing factors in @entity1 who developed inhibitors.

title: Frequency of @entity2801 ( @entity2801 ) inhibitor in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2801 :: ('2157', 'Gene') :: ['Factor VIII', 'FVIII', 'factor VIII']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26497 :: ('MESH:C514290', 'Chemical') :: ['trisodium citrate']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['Haemophilia A', 'haemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Blood Disease']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['haemophilia A']


abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Drawings can be used to assess perceptions of @entity1 about their disease. We aimed to explore the utility of the drawing test and its relation to illness perceptions, quality of life (QoL), and clinical disease severity in @entity1 after long-term remission of @entity699 . DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: We conducted a cross-sectional study including 47 @entity1 with long-term remission of @entity699 . @entity1 completed the drawing test, the Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised, the Short-Form 36, the EuroQoL-5D, and the Cushing QoL. The @entity699 severity index was scored based on medical records. RESULTS: Characteristics of the drawings were strongly associated with the @entity699 severity index and severity ratings of health professionals (all P < 0.02). In addition, @entity1 perceived a dramatic change in body size during the active state of the disease compared to the healthy state before disease. @entity1 reported that their body does not completely return to the original size (i.e. before disease) after treatment. There were no clear associations between characteristics of the drawings and QoL or illness perceptions. This indicates that drawings and QoL or illness perceptions do not share multiple common properties and measure different aspects/dimensions of the disease process. CONCLUSION: Drawings reflect a new dimension of the psychological impact of long-term remission of @entity699 because drawings do not share common properties with parameters of QoL or illness perceptions, but do represent the clinical severity of the disease. The assessment of drawings may enable doctors to appreciate the perceptions of @entity1 with long-term remission of @entity699 and will lead the way in dispelling idiosyncratic beliefs.

title: Drawings reflect a new dimension of the psychological impact of long-term remission of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: RNA interference (RNAi) has the potential to be a novel therapeutic strategy in diverse areas of medicine. Here, we report on targeted RNAi for the treatment of @entity712 , an important disorder in @entity1 that results from multiple causes. Successful treatment of @entity712 is demonstrated in a @entity35 model of transaortic banding by RNAi targeting of phospholamban, a key regulator of cardiac @entity141 homeostasis. Whereas gene therapy rests on recombinant protein expression as its basic principle, RNAi therapy uses regulatory RNAs to achieve its effect. METHODS AND RESULTS: We describe structural requirements to obtain high RNAi activity from adenoviral and adeno-associated virus (AAV9) vectors and show that an adenoviral short hairpin RNA vector (AdV-shRNA) silenced phospholamban in cardiomyocytes (primary neonatal @entity35 cardiomyocytes) and improved hemodynamics in @entity712 @entity35 1 month after aortic root injection. For simplified long-term therapy, we developed a dimeric cardiotropic adeno-associated virus vector (rAAV9-shPLB) to deliver RNAi activity to the heart via intravenous injection. Cardiac phospholamban protein was reduced to 25%, and suppression of sacroplasmic reticulum @entity141 ATPase in the HF groups was rescued. In contrast to traditional vectors, rAAV9 showed high affinity for myocardium but low affinity for liver and other organs. rAAV9-shPLB therapy restored diastolic (left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, dp/dt(min), and tau) and systolic (fractional shortening) functional parameters to normal ranges. The massive @entity384 was normalized, and @entity1283 , cardiomyocyte diameter, and @entity299 were reduced significantly. Importantly, no evidence was found of microRNA deregulation or hepatotoxicity during these RNAi therapies. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show for the first time the high efficacy of an RNAi therapeutic strategy in a @entity299 .

title: Long-term cardiac-targeted RNA interference for the treatment of XXXX restores cardiac function and reduces pathological hypertrophy.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart-failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dilation']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease', 'cardiac fibrosis']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: Antipsychotic drugs may cause @entity21 ( @entity21 ), such as @entity910 and @entity3519 . These effects are believed to involve dysfunctional striatal @entity935 transmission. @entity1 with @entity161 show increased prevalence of @entity835 and this has been linked to severity of @entity21 . Endocannabinoids modulate striatal @entity935 activity via type 1 cannabinoid (CB(1)) receptors, and studies in @entity35 and @entity1 suggest beneficial effects of CB(1) ligands on @entity21 . The present study explored the effects of CB(1) receptor ligands on @entity910 induced by the @entity935 D(1) receptor agonist @entity10432 (SKF) and acute @entity3519 induced by the @entity935 D(2) receptor antagonist @entity1767 in @entity10450 monkeys. The monkeys were sensitised to @entity21 by prior exposure to D(2) receptor antagonists. SKF (0.3 mg/kg) was administered alone and in combination with the CB(1) agonist @entity18864 (0.0025-0.01 mg/kg) or the CB(1) antagonist @entity351 (0.25-0.75 mg/kg). @entity1767 (individual doses at 0.01-0.02 mg/kg) was administered alone and in combination with @entity18864 (0.005 or 0.01 mg/kg) or @entity351 (0.5 or 0.75 mg/kg). Subsequently, the monkeys were videotaped, and the recordings were rated for @entity910 or @entity3519 . SKF-induced @entity910 was dose-dependently reduced by @entity18864 , with no effect of @entity351 . @entity1767 -induced @entity3519 was not affected by either @entity18864 or @entity351 .

title: Effects of cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonism and antagonism on @entity10432 -induced @entity910 and @entity1767 -induced XXXX in @entity10450 monkeys.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia', 'oral dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis abuse']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol', 'Haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal symptoms', 'EPS']

answer: @entity3519 :: (MESH:D004421,Disease) :: ['dystonia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity7529 is one of the most frequent pathological conditions of the foot and ankle. Numerous studies exist on plantar-pressure characteristics in various types of shoes. However, to the best of our knowledge, plantar-pressure distribution and clinical effects in sandals has not as yet been the the focus of any study. METHODS: Twenty-two @entity1 (42 feet) with central @entity7529 were assessed. Time and distance until symptom occurrence in terms of @entity7529 were evaluated for normal @entity4464 ( @entity4464 ), standard sandals (SS) and anatomically shaped, custom-made sandals with @entity5109 ( @entity5427 ). @entity158 intensity was measured with the visual analogue (VAS), and clinical assessment was performed with the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score for the respective shoes. Additionally, plantar-pressure distribution was assessed with the emed-at platform (Novel GmbH) and the F-scan insole system (Tekscan Inc.), respectively. RESULTS: The average walking distance until symptoms occurred was 1,894 m [standard deviation (SD) 1,196 m) for @entity4464 , 1,812 m (SD 1,079 m) for SS and 3,407 m (SD 1,817 m) for @entity5427 (p   <   0.01). Mean duration until occurrence of symptoms was 22.3 min (SD 14.9 min) for the @entity4464 , 21.8 min (SD 13.4 min) for the SS and 42.0 min (SD 23.0 min) for the @entity5427 (p   <   0.01). Plantar-pressure parameters were significantly reduced in the forefoot region for the @entity5427 compared with the other walking devices. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study reveal that a modified standard sandal can significantly influence the onset of @entity7529 , as increased walking time and distance in these @entity1 was observed.

title: Comparison of plantar-pressure distribution and clinical impact of anatomically shaped sandals, off-the-shelf sandals and normal @entity4464 in @entity1 with central XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['a metatarsal pad']

entities_list: @entity7529 :: ('MESH:D037061', 'Disease') :: ['Metatarsalgia', 'metatarsalgia']

entities_list: @entity4464 :: ('MESH:D013009', 'Disease') :: ['WS', 'walking shoes']

answer: @entity7529 :: (MESH:D037061,Disease) :: ['metatarsalgia']


abstract: The effect of the chronic feeding of @entity1853 or @entity1877 on @entity96 promotion by @entity109 ( @entity13100 ) or @entity58718 ( @entity318 ) was studied in @entity35 receiving an initiating dose of @entity107 ( @entity108 ). Male weanling @entity35 were injected i.p. with @entity108 (200 mg/kg body wt). Control @entity35 were injected with saline. Five days after the injection, the @entity35 were placed on different diets containing 0.05% @entity13100 or 0.05% @entity318 with or without added 1.5% @entity7836 or 1.0% @entity1877 . Each diet was administered for 72 weeks, when the animals were placed on the unsupplemented chow diet for an additional 30 weeks. @entity35 treated with @entity108 and then fed @entity13100 or @entity318 developed an 85-100% incidence of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). Single injection of @entity108 alone produced a 60% incidence of @entity157 . Dietary feeding of @entity1853 and @entity1877 either alone or in combination with @entity13100 or @entity318 did not have any significant effect on the incidence of HCC's. @entity96 formation was negligible in uninitiated @entity35 . Lung metastases developed in 42% and 46% of the @entity108 + @entity13100 - and @entity108 + @entity318 -treated groups, respectively. Supplementation of @entity1853 in the diet lowered the incidence of lung metastases to 14% in the @entity108 + @entity13100 -treated @entity35 and to 19% in @entity108 + @entity318 -treated @entity35 . @entity1877 was not effective in inhibiting the development of lung metastases in either case. The injection of @entity108 alone produced a 54% incidence of @entity2 . @entity13100 and @entity318 feeding lowered the @entity108 -induced @entity2 incidence to 23% and 14% respectively. Further, when the data from different diet groups were combined it was found that single injection of @entity108 also doubled the incidence of @entity1778 normally seen in F344 @entity35 . The present report constitutes the first evidence that a single injection of @entity108 induces @entity2 and enhances the incidence of @entity1778 in @entity35 .

title: Effect of @entity1853 and @entity1877 on XXXX promotion by @entity109 and @entity318 in @entity107 -initiated @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Liver tumor', 'liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity58718 :: ('MESH:C521793', 'Chemical') :: ['1,1 bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane']

entities_list: @entity107 :: ('MESH:D004052', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity7836 :: ('CHEBI:16811', 'Chemical') :: ['DL-methionine']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors', 'lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity1877 :: ('MESH:D002794', 'Chemical') :: ['choline chloride', 'choline', 'Choline']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinomas', 'HCCs']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver tumor']


abstract: @entity693 ( @entity2698 ) is a clinicopathologically well-characterized @entity5 with a high tendency to recur locally and to metastasize outside the central nervous system (CNS). We render clinicopathologic features of 12 cases of this uncommon @entity5 to further elucidate the relationship between the status of the DNA-repair enzyme @entity8634 -DNA methyltransferase ( @entity8724 ) and the prognosis. Twenty-five specimens of @entity693 belonging to 12 @entity1 were obtained at a single institution from 1992 to 2001. Correlations of histologic parameters, immunohistochemical study and clinical features were assessed. This series included five @entity1 and seven @entity1 with a median age of 37.5 years at the first surgery. The median post-operative follow-up period was 7.6 years. Six @entity1 (55%) had single or multiple local @entity5 recurrences. The mean time to recurrence was 6.7 years. Distant @entity3 occurred in three @entity1 (27%) at a mean time of 6.5 years after first operation. The most frequent metastatic sites were liver and lung. Histopathologically, eight @entity5 (67%) belonged to WHO grade II, while four @entity5 (33%) belonged to WHO grade III. Immunohistochemically, 18% @entity5 exhibited 3+ to 4+ nuclear staining for @entity8724 protein, 18% exhibited 2+ staining, and 64% exhibited 0 to 1+ staining. The overall survival rate was 67 and 33% for @entity5 with 0 to 1+ and 2+ to 4+ @entity8724 staining, respectively (P = 0.018). The study illustrates aggressive @entity146 and the prognostic value of the status of @entity8724 protein expression.

title: The status of @entity8724 protein expression is a prognostic factor for XXXX : a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 12 cases at a single institution.

entities_list: @entity8634 :: ('MESH:C008449', 'Chemical') :: ['O(6)-methylguanine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavior of meningeal HPC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal HPC', 'Meningeal hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['meningeal hemangiopericytoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine prestroke lifestyle factors associated with @entity12463 and recovery in older @entity1 . DESIGN: Longitudinal prospective cohort study. SETTING: The @entity1 's Health Initiative (WHI, clinical trials and observational study), 40 clinical centers in the United States. @entity1 : WHI @entity1 , @entity1 aged 50 to 79, who were @entity64 -free at baseline (1993/98), with incident @entity64 before 2005. MEASUREMENTS: @entity1 were followed for mortality through 2010. Prestroke characteristics were from the last examination before the @entity64 event. Annual follow-up for clinical events ascertained hospitalization for @entity64 that was subsequently physician adjudicated with medical records. Multivariable regression models were used to analyze factors associated with @entity12463 and poststroke recovery at hospital discharge (poststroke Glasgow score), adjusting for @entity64 type. RESULTS: Of 3,173 @entity1 with incident @entity64 , 1,111 (35%) died. Individuals who were overweight or @entity28 before @entity64 had lower @entity12463 than those who were normal weight ( @entity28 : hazard ratio (HR) = 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.53-0.88; overweight: HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.58-0.90); individuals who were underweight before @entity64 had nonsignificantly greater @entity12463 (HR = 2.02, 95% CI = 0.98-4.16, P = .06). Other prestroke factors associated with @entity12463 included @entity6 (HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.01-1.64), current smoking (vs nonsmoker, HR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.53-3.00), physical inactivity (vs >150 min of exercise per week, HR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.09-1.78), and lowest physical function quartile (vs highest, HR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.18-2.02). @entity6 was associated with lower odds of good recovery after @entity64 (odds ratio (OR) = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.44-0.82). Current hormone use before @entity64 was associated with greater odds of moderate than of severe disability after @entity64 (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.00-1.66). CONCLUSION: Potentially modifiable factors before @entity64 , including smoking, @entity6 , and being underweight, were associated with greater @entity12463 in older @entity1 . Being overweight or @entity28 and physical activity before @entity64 were associated with lower @entity12463 in older @entity1 .

title: Prestroke factors associated with XXXX and recovery in older @entity1 in the @entity1 's Health Initiative.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'Prestroke diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity12463 :: ('MESH:D031261', 'Disease') :: ['poststroke mortality']

answer: @entity12463 :: (MESH:D031261,Disease) :: ['poststroke mortality']


abstract: @entity1241 is a disorder with significant adverse influence on normal daily activities and quality of life. Since normal continence requires perfect coordination among several muscular systems and neural pathways, as well as normal stool consistency, various levels of @entity322 can result if any of these systems malfunction. Owing to these complex interactions, therapeutic approaches vary; in mild-to-moderate cases, dietary changes and biofeedback sessions accompanied by specific medications can achieve a salutary effect. In cases of severe @entity1241 , a conservative approach is ineffective and surgical intervention is indicated. Even today the historical rescue solution of permanent colostomy is still employed. However, several technical innovations and devices introduced over the years enable surgeons to offer @entity1 reliable solutions for this functional disorder. While dynamic graciloplasty uses native muscle contraction ability to function as a new sphincter, the artificial bowel sphincter achieves the same goal by an inflatable cuff. A novel approach, which is suitable for selected @entity1 with muscular and @entity16 alike, is the sacral nerve stimulator. Although the exact therapeutic sequence of these new alternatives is unclear, current success rates are encouraging. It is crucial to choose the right procedure as determined by the underlying pathology.

title: Therapeutic devices for XXXX : dynamic graciloplasty, artificial bowel sphincter and sacral nerve stimulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['Fecal incontinence', 'fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological defects']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['fecal incontinence']


abstract: Continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) has been used as an alternative to continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH) and hemodiafiltration (CAVHD) in the management of critically ill @entity1 with @entity810 . This report describes our experience with the first 25 @entity1 treated with CVVH at our institution. Vascular access was obtained through a single dual-lumen venous catheter. A blood pump was used to provide ultrafiltration pressure. An ultrafiltrate pump was incorporated to ensure predictable ultrafiltrate production rates. Safety features in the extracorporeal circuit included a venous drip chamber with bubble detector and an in-line pressure monitor. CVVH was initiated by a nephrologist and dialysis nurse and was maintained by the intensive care unit (ICU) nursing staff. Fifteen females and 10 males received CVVH therapy for a total of 193.5 days (average, 7.7 +/- 10.3 days; range, 0.5 to 48 days). Four of the 25 @entity1 (16%) survived and were discharged from the hospital. Four additional @entity1 (16%) survived the acute phase of their illness, but died from complications of their primary disease before discharge from the hospital. The mean weight change during CVVH was -7.9 +/- 7.0 kg (range, -26.5 to +2.9 kg). Metabolic waste products and electrolytes were adequately controlled by CVVH in all but one @entity11744 @entity1 . The mean heparin dose required was 6.5 +/- 4.2 U/kg/h and was adjusted to prevent filter clotting rather than to achieve a predetermined activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT). The median PTT was 35.8 seconds (range, 22.0 to 100; control, 19.5 to 29.5 seconds). Four episodes of volume-responsive @entity551 occurred during the 193.5 treatment days. Only one @entity1 experienced a @entity548 during CVVH. No @entity1 experienced a complication related to vascular access. Twelve of 111 total hemofilters were changed because of clot formation. CVVH was well tolerated by @entity1 and managed efficiently by the ICU nursing staff.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Continuous venovenous hemofiltration: an alternative to continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration and hemodiafiltration in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic complication']

entities_list: @entity11744 :: ('MESH:C565476', 'Disease') :: ['hypercatabolic']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute renal failure']


abstract: Persistent airway @entity32 is present in cases with @entity565 and in smokers with airflow obstruction. @entity706 ( @entity706 ) may be sites of localized inflammatory cell activation. Their distribution and characteristics in cartilaginous airways were assessed in postmortem tissue from nonsmokers (n=10), smokers (n=9), and cases of nonfatal (n=10) and fatal @entity565 (n=10). @entity706 were present in 70-100% of cases, were more often in proximal than distal airways, and 80% were confined to the outer airway wall. @entity706 with area greater than 0.1 mm2 were more frequent in both @entity565 groups (p<0.001). Airways with @entity706 had increased airway dimensions and greater numbers of eosinophils and lymphomononuclear cells. Within @entity706 , T and B lymphocytes were segregated and comprised more than 90% of all cells. Proliferating, apoptotic, and antigen-presenting cells ( @entity23436 + and HLA-DR+) were less than 5%, 30-40%, and less than 1% of all cells, respectively, and were similar in each case group. Vascular structures were increased (p < 0.01) in cases of fatal @entity565 . These findings show that, even in nonsmoking cases and cases without @entity565 , @entity706 are common, show cellular organization, and are associated with airway wall @entity32 and remodeling. It remains to be determined if @entity706 contribute to or result from persistent airway @entity32 in @entity565 .

title: Aggregations of lymphoid cells in the airways of nonsmokers, smokers, and subjects with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Isolated aggregations of lymphoid cells', 'IALC']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Smoking behaviour and its course is influenced by personality factors. Affective temperaments could allow a more specific framework of the role trait affectivity plays in this seriously harmful health-behaviour. The aim of our study was to investigate if such an association exists in an ageing population with a special emphasis on gender differences. METHODS: 459 primary care @entity1 completed the TEMPS-A, Beck @entity308 Inventory (BDI) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). Subjects were characterized according to their smoking behaviour as current, former or never smokers. Univariate analysis ANOVA and logistic regression were performed to analyse differences in the three smoking subgroups to predict smoking initiation and maintenance. RESULTS: Current smokers were younger and less educated than former or never smokers. Males were more likely to try @entity286 during their lifetime and were more successful in cessation. @entity308 , cyclothymic and irritable temperament scores showed significant differences between the three smoking subgroups. Irritable temperament was a predictor of smoking initiation in females whereas depressive temperament predicted smoking maintenance in males with a small, opposite effect of HAM-A scores independent of age, education, lifetime @entity308 and BDI scores. Whereas smoking initiation was exclusively predicted by a higher BDI score in males, smoking maintenance was predicted by younger age and lower education in females. LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional nature of the study design may lead to selective survival bias and hinder drawing causal relationships. CONCLUSIONS: Affective temperaments contribute to smoking initiation and maintenance independently of age, education, and @entity308 . The significant contribution of depressive temperament in males and irritable temperament in females may highlight the role of gender-discordant temperaments in vulnerable subgroups.

title: The association of affective temperaments with smoking initiation and maintenance in adult primary care XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressive', 'Depression', 'depression']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Two hundred and seventeen consecutive @entity1 with superficial @entity150 stages Ta-T1 were analyzed for survival and prognostic factors. The overall 5-year survival was 88 +/- 5.3%. Factors that impacted significantly on survival were: grade of @entity4575 (GI 92 +/- 5.9% vs. GII 87 +/- 7.5% vs. GIII 68 +/- 20.7%; p = 0.01); increasing grade of @entity4575 (98 +/- 1.9% vs. 55 +/- 15.6%; p less than 0.0001); progression in @entity5 stage (100% vs. 58 +/- 12.5%; p less than 0.0001); index of recurrences greater than 0.7 (100% vs. 71 +/- 10%; p less than 0.0001); the presence of @entity1141 (98 +/- 1.7% vs. 77 +/- 9.8%; p less than 0.05); inflammatory infiltrate (90 +/- 7% vs. 83 +/- 7.3%; p less than 0.01), and @entity41 post-TUR (89 +/- 5.5% vs. 68 +/- 18.6%; p less than 0.001). @entity5 stage did not impact on survival (p greater than 0.05). Using multivariate statistical analysis only the grade of @entity4575 (p less than 0.0001) and increasing grade of @entity4575 (p = 0.001) demonstrated significant prognostic value. Eight percent of @entity1 died because of @entity5 progression. Of these @entity1 , 87% were T1 and had concomitant @entity1141 . Twenty-five percent had @entity189 in situ and the mean index of recurrence was 1.59. Seventy-five percent of @entity1 dying because of @entity5 progression developed muscle-infiltrating @entity5 (greater than or equal to T2GIII) and 25% developed previously metastatic spread without evidence of local progression (T1GIII).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX : survival and prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity4575 :: ('MESH:D000708', 'Disease') :: ['anaplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial dysplasia']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Superficial bladder cancer']


abstract: Cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy is a major concern in clinical oncology, resulting in increased @entity5 growth and decreased @entity1 survival. Manipulation of apoptosis has emerged as a new therapeutic strategy to eliminate @entity5 cells. The focus of this study resides within a novel approach to target survivin, an integrator of both cell @entity204 and mitosis. This protein plays a pivotal role in the resistance of @entity5 to chemotherapy, especially to @entity1311 . The data herein demonstrate an indirect repression of survivin in both B- and @entity784 and @entity1 @entity1893 by the non-toxic @entity52936 compound, AS101 [ @entity57264 ], via inhibition of @entity5 autocrine @entity688 / @entity4104 /Survivin signaling. As a result of survivin abrogation, sensitization of @entity706 to @entity1311 or to @entity37415 , the new albumin-stabilized nanoparticle formulation of @entity1311 , occurs both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, inhibition of @entity706 cell @entity688 secretion is mediated by inactivation of the VLA-4 integrin, recently shown to be an important target of AS101. This activity is followed by inhibition of the PI3K/ @entity584 axis which mediates @entity688 suppression. Since a wide variety of @entity706 and other @entity5 types express VLA-4 and secrete @entity688 in an autocrine manner, inhibition of survivin with a small non-toxic agent has vast clinical significance in modulating chemosensitivity in many @entity5 types. Implications: Combination therapy with AS101 and @entity1311 has novel therapeutic potential targeting deregulated active pathways in @entity706 , overcoming endogenous resistance to apoptosis.

title: Sensitizing B and @entity784 cells to XXXX / @entity37415 -induced @entity204 by AS101 via inhibition of the VLA-4/ @entity688 /survivin axis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas', 'lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity57264 :: ('MESH:C054105', 'Chemical') :: ["ammonium trichloro(dioxoethylene-o,o')tellurate"]

entities_list: @entity52936 :: ('MESH:D013691', 'Chemical') :: ['tellurium']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Paclitaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Clinical differentiation between @entity347 and @entity347 ( @entity347 ) is challenging. We aimed to determine the diagnostic value of @entity25 and performance tests in @entity1 with @entity25 ( @entity25 ) of organic and non-organic origin. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective comparison of the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), pupillography, and the Steer Clear performance test in three @entity1 groups complaining of @entity25 : 19 @entity1 with @entity347 , 23 @entity1 with @entity2724 ( @entity2724 ), and 46 @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity27 ( @entity27 ). RESULTS: As required by the inclusion criteria, all @entity1 had @entity25 ( @entity25 ) scores >10. The mean sleep latency in the MSLT indicated mild @entity25 in @entity347 (8.1    4.0 min) and @entity27 (7.2    4.1 min), but more severe @entity25 in @entity2724 (2.5    2.0 min). The difference between @entity2724 and the other two groups was significant; the difference between @entity347 and @entity27 was not. In the Steer Clear performance test, @entity347 @entity1 performed worst (error rate = 10.4%) followed by @entity2724 (8.0%) and @entity27 @entity1 (5.9%; p = 0.008). The difference between @entity27 and the other two groups was significant, but not between @entity347 and @entity2724 . The pupillary unrest index was found to be highest in @entity2724 (11.5) followed by @entity347 (9.2) and @entity27 (7.4; n.s.). CONCLUSION: A high error rate in the Steer Clear performance test along with mild @entity25 in an @entity25 test (MSLT) in a @entity1 with @entity25 ( @entity25 ) is suggestive of @entity347 . This disproportionately high error rate in @entity347 may be caused by factors unrelated to sleep pressure, such as anergia, reduced attention and motivation affecting performance, but not conventional @entity25 measurements.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Sleepiness and performance is disproportionate in @entity1 with @entity347 in comparison to @entity1 with @entity2724 and mild to moderate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSAS', 'obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['NAR', 'narcolepsy']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness', 'subjective sleepiness', 'Epworth Sleepiness Scale', 'ESS', 'excessive daytime sleepiness', 'EDS', 'objective sleepiness']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['non-organic hypersomnia', 'organic hypersomnia', 'NOH']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea']


abstract: The third component of @entity4417 ) exists in two main allotypic forms, C3S and @entity57695 . An increased frequency of the rarer @entity57695 allele has been reported in several autoimmune conditions, including immunoglobulin A @entity8 ( @entity6994 ), in white @entity1 . @entity57695 is known to be rare in the Chinese population, but C3 allotypes have not been studied in Chinese @entity1 with @entity6994 . The molecular basis of the S/F polymorphism has been established recently: a single base change at the DNA level encodes a single @entity535 substitution in the protein. A second polymorphism, closely linked to the first, is defined by the monoclonal antibody HAV 4-1, and also is due to a single base change. These polymorphisms therefore can be analyzed at the DNA level. We have used the amplification refractory mutation system, a modification of the polymerase chain reaction, to analyze these two C3 polymorphisms on genomic DNA from 133 Hong Kong Chinese individuals: 54 @entity1 with @entity6994 and 79 controls. No @entity57695 alleles were present in either group: all individuals were homozygous C3S. Twenty-six @entity1 were also allotyped for the HAV 4-1 polymorphism; all 26 were homozygous HAV 4-1 negative, as would be predicted from the close linkage of this allotype to C3S in other populations. These data indicate that @entity57695 is not a susceptibility allele for @entity6994 in Hong Kong Chinese individuals, and confirm in a large DNA-based study the rarity of @entity57695 in this population.

title: Molecular analysis of C3 allotypes in Chinese @entity1 with immunoglobulin A XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']