abstract: The high incidence of @entity378 among necropsy workers is well known and several problems related to their working conditions have been pointed out. We investigated the possibility of @entity281 with tubercle bacilli under necropsy working conditions using @entity840 housed in a necropsy room in which about 2,000 necropsies per year were carried out. @entity378 developed in one out of five @entity840 . In addition, we exposed five @entity840 to tubercle bacilli and sacrificed them in a safety cabinet. The lungs, livers, and spleens were resected, flattened, and sliced finely on a cutting board. Detection of tubercle bacilli from filtered air and the surfaces of the room was attempted, however, no bacilli were cultured. The resected tuberculous lungs were intra-tracheally treated with @entity406 or physiological saline and the viability of the bacilli in the lung was assessed. Bacilli survived up to two hours after physiological saline injection but no viable organisms were detected after 15 minutes of @entity406 treatment. These findings indicate that the necropsy room workers were exposed to @entity378 . As a preventive control measure, we recommend to treat tuberculous organs in the safety cabinet and to slice lungs after @entity406 treatment.

title: [Experimental @entity378 of @entity840 in the necropsy room and examination of XXXX risk using @entity840 with @entity378 ].

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis infection', 'Tuberculosis infection', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: To withstand ever-changing environmental stresses, plants are equipped with phytohormone-mediated stress resistance mechanisms. Salt stress triggers @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) signaling, which enhances stress tolerance at the expense of growth. @entity2272 is thought to inhibit the action of growth-promoting hormones, including @entity11406 ( @entity4375 ). However, the regulatory mechanisms that coordinate @entity2272 and BR activity remain to be discovered. We noticed that @entity2272 -treated seedlings exhibited small, round leaves and short roots, a phenotype that is characteristic of the BR signaling mutant, brassinosteroid insensitive1-9 (bri1-9). To identify genes that are antagonistically regulated by @entity2272 and @entity4375 , we examined published @entity958 microarray data sets. Of the list of genes identified, those upregulated by @entity2272 but downregulated by @entity4375 were enriched with a BRRE motif in their promoter sequences. After validating the microarray data using quantitative RT-PCR, we focused on RD26, which is induced by salt stress. Histochemical analysis of transgenic @entity958 plants expressing RD26pro:GUS revealed that the induction of GUS expression after @entity1219 treatment was suppressed by co-treatment with @entity4375 , but enhanced by co-treatment with @entity15545 , a BR biosynthetic inhibitor. Similarly, treatment with @entity15546 , an inhibitor of @entity15547 kinase, not only inhibited RD26 expression, but also reduced the survival rate of the plant following exposure to salt stress. Our results suggest that @entity2272 and @entity4375 act antagonistically on their target genes at or after the @entity15547 step in BR signaling pathways, and suggest a mechanism by which plants fine-tune their growth, particularly when stress responses and growth compete for resources.

title: Antagonistic regulation of @entity958 growth by XXXX and abiotic stresses.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity11406 :: ('MESH:D060406', 'Chemical') :: ['brassinosteroids']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity15545 :: ('MESH:C045950', 'Chemical') :: ['propiconazole']

answer: @entity11406 :: (MESH:D060406,Chemical) :: ['brassinosteroids']


abstract: In recent study we demonstrated expression of the @entity11065 ( @entity11065 ) in cells of the early oligodendrocyte lineage that were identified as either GD3 @entity4163 + oligodendrocyte progenitors or O4 sulfatide+ preoligodendrocytes. We also identified a subpopulation of GD3 immunoreactive cells that did not express mRNA for the PDGF receptor. The distinct large amoeboid morphology of these cells was characteristic of cells in the macrophage lineage rather than in the oligodendrocyte lineage. To determine if the GD3-positive but @entity11065 mRNA-negative cells were in the macrophage lineage, we compared the spatial and temporal expression patterns of GD3 @entity4163 and ED1, a macrophage-specific antigen. Analysis prenatally indicated that at embryonic day 15, ED1+ and GD3+ cell populations resided in the subpial connective tissue. At embryonic day 21, these two populations were seen in a region extending from the lateral ventricle through the subventricular and intermediate zones. In this study we report that these large, round, GD3 immunoreactive cells have the same cell morphology and anatomical distribution as the ED1 immunoreactive cells. Both cell populations contained pyknotic nuclei within their cytoplasm. Furthermore, the GD3+/ @entity11065 - cells appear to be involved in clearing cellular debris in regions of gliogenesis. These data suggest that this subpopulation of GD3 immunoreactive cells belongs to the microglia/macrophage lineage.

title: Amoeboid microglia expressing GD3 XXXX are concentrated in regions of oligodendrogenesis during development of the rat corpus callosum.

entities_list: @entity11065 :: ('25267(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['PDGFR alpha', 'platelet-derived growth factor alpha receptor']

entities_list: @entity4163 :: ('CHEBI:28892', 'Chemical') :: ['ganglioside']

answer: @entity4163 :: (CHEBI:28892,Chemical) :: ['ganglioside']


abstract: @entity1374 has been reported following single dose and fractionated @entity1161 in the context of bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Limited data are available regarding this complication following hyperfractionated @entity1161 . We undertook a retrospective analysis of thyroid function in 150 @entity1 who received BMT at our institution, and who were alive and disease-free for at least 1 year after transplant. There were 100 pediatric @entity1 and 50 adult @entity1 , with a median follow-up of 6.2 years for the whole group. These @entity1 had acute (n = 91) or @entity1778 (n = 36), severe @entity2150 (n = 18) or @entity1200 (n = 5). The majority of the @entity1 received @entity1161 -based cytoreductive regimens including 129 @entity1 who received hyperfractionated total body irradiation (TBI) to a total dose of 1375 cGy or 1500 cGy and 10 @entity1 who received total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) to a total dose of 600 cGy. Twenty two @entity1 of the cohort of 150 @entity1 (14.7%) and 21 of the 139 @entity1 (15.1%) who received hyperfractionated @entity1161 were found to have developed @entity1375 , 11-88 months after transplant (median 49 months). Eight @entity1 had received 1375 cGy and 12 @entity1 1500 cGy TBI, while one @entity1 was treated with 600 cGy TLI and one @entity1 was treated with chemotherapy only ( @entity1863 and @entity786 ). Three @entity1 had primary thyroid failure with an elevated TSH and a low T4 index, while 19 @entity1 had @entity1375 with an elevated TSH but a normal T4 index. Six of eight @entity1 with untreated @entity1375 recovered spontaneously.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity1374 following bone marrow transplantation using hyperfractionated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism', 'compensated hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['chronic leukemias']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency disorders']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['radiation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the prognostic significance of DNA ploidy in @entity1 with @entity1204 . METHODS: Between October 1988 and January 1997, DNA ploidy was determined prospectively in 208 @entity1 who were staged surgically by a standard protocol that included pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. Median follow-up was 48 months. RESULTS: @entity5 were identified in 154 (74%) @entity1 and @entity5 in 54 (26%). @entity1 with @entity5 had a significantly higher prevalence of @entity3 to the cervix, adnexa, and omentum, malignant pelvic cytology, and advanced surgical stage. @entity1 with @entity5 had a 4.5 times higher prevalence of pelvic lymph node @entity3 and a 5.8 times higher prevalence of para-aortic lymph node @entity3 . A significantly higher proportion of @entity1 with @entity5 was diagnosed with recurrent or progressive @entity1204 (22.2 versus 6.5%, P = 0.002). @entity1 with @entity5 had a significantly lower rate of survival from @entity5 (P = 0.038) with 83% versus 94% surviving 5 years. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity5 are at high risk for lymph node @entity3 and should be surgically staged, including pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. Aneuploidy confers a risk for @entity1204 and these @entity1 should be candidates for clinical trials evaluating treatment following surgery.

title: Prognostic significance of DNA ploidy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Diploid tumors', 'cancer death', 'aneuploid tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'endometrial cancer death']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility and outcome of laparoscopic-assisted radical nephrectomy and inferior vena cava (IVC) @entity5 thrombectomy in @entity1 with @entity1358 and level I IVC @entity5 @entity715 . METHODS: The clinical, operative, and pathologic data were retrospectively obtained from @entity1 undergoing the above-mentioned procedure for @entity703 involving the IVC. This approach involved laparoscopic dissection of the kidney and renal vasculature/IVC. After renal artery ligation, an 8 to 12-cm incision was made from the tip of the 11th rib extending anteriorly toward the midline. Through this incision, a Satinsky vascular clamp was placed on the IVC in such a way as to include all the caval @entity715 . The @entity5 @entity715 was removed en bloc with the kidney and the cavotomy repaired with a running suture. RESULTS: Four @entity28 @entity1 underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic-assisted right nephrectomy with inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombectomy. The mean @entity5 size was 9 cm (range 6 to 13), with the @entity715 extending 2 cm into the IVC in all cases. @entity1 had a mean body mass index of 32.8 (range 30.5 to 37.2) and a mean American Society of Anesthesiologists score of 2.8 (range 2 to 3). The mean operative time was 248 minutes (range 225 to 274). The mean estimated @entity190 was 517 mL (range 250 to 900). No intraoperative or @entity260 occurred. The mean hospital stay was 6.2 days (range 4 to 11, median 5). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic-assisted nephrectomy and IVC thrombectomy is a difficult but feasible procedure. This approach allows a smaller incision than a typical open approach. Additional studies are needed to examine the advantages of this approach over a pure open approach.

title: Laparoscopic-assisted nephrectomy with inferior vena cava XXXX thrombectomy: preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: During the last 30 years, @entity14153 has been used as complementary treatment of @entity5 when analgesic drugs do not suffice. The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of @entity14153 in decreasing @entity158 intensity in @entity5 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Ninety @entity1 were randomly divided in three groups; one group received two courses of @entity14153 at points where an electrodermal signal had been detected, and two placebo groups received @entity14153 at points with no electrodermal signal (placebo points) and one with auricular seeds fixed at placebo points. @entity1 had to be in @entity158 , attaining a visual analog score (VAS) of 30 mm or more after having received analgesic treatment adapted to both intensity and type of @entity158 , for at least 1 month of therapy. Treatment efficacy was based on the absolute decrease in @entity158 intensity measured 2 months after randomization using the VAS. RESULTS: The main outcome was @entity158 assessed at 2 months, with the assessment at 1 month carried over to 2 months for the eight @entity1 who interrupted treatment after 1 month. For three @entity1 , no data were available because they withdrew from the study during the first month. @entity158 intensity decreased by 36% at 2 months from baseline in the group receiving acupuncture; there was little change for @entity1 receiving placebo (2%). The difference between groups was statistically significant (P <.0001). CONCLUSION: The observed reduction in @entity158 intensity measured on the VAS represents a clear benefit from @entity14153 for these @entity5 @entity1 who are in @entity158 , despite stable analgesic treatment.

title: Analgesic effect of XXXX for @entity5 : a randomized, blinded, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity14153 :: ('MESH:D004428', 'Disease') :: ['auricular acupuncture']

answer: @entity14153 :: (MESH:D004428,Disease) :: ['auricular acupuncture']


abstract: 1. An NAD-specific @entity5097 dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) from the mycelium of Phycomyces @entity8664 .R.R.L. 1555 (-) was purified approximately 700-fold. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 135,000-140,000. The purified enzyme gave a single, catalytically active, protein band after @entity2975 -gel electrophoresis. It shows optimum activity between pH 6.7 and 7.5. 2. The Phycomyces blakesleeanus @entity880 dehydrogenase exhibits homotropic interactions with its substrate, @entity2388 , and its coenzyme, @entity2125 , at pH 7.5, indicating the existence of multiple binding sites in the enzyme for these ligands. 3. At pH 6.0, the enzyme shows high substrate inhibition by @entity2388 . @entity13699 and @entity13700 exhibit an analogous effect, whereas @entity11571 does not, when tested as substrates at the same pH. 4. At pH 7.5, @entity855 , which inhibits the enzyme, acts competitively with @entity2125 and @entity2388 , whereas at pH 6.0 and low concentrations of @entity855 it behaves in a allosteric manner as inhibitor with respect to @entity2125 , @entity3007 , however, has no effect under the same experimental conditions. 5. Partially purified enzyme from sporangiophores behaves in entirely similar kinetic manner as the one exhibited by the enzyme from mycelium.

title: XXXX dehydrogenase in Phycomyces blakesleeanus.

entities_list: @entity8664 :: ('MESH:C536108', 'Disease') :: ['blakesleeanus N']

entities_list: @entity13700 :: ('CHEBI:28644', 'Chemical') :: ['2-oxovalerate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity11571 :: ('MESH:C031150', 'Chemical') :: ['glyoxylate']

entities_list: @entity13699 :: ('CHEBI:17180', 'Chemical') :: ['3-hydroxypyruvate']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['Lactate']


abstract: @entity21021 has a budding @entity375 -like genome but grows exclusively as multinucleated hyphae. In contrast to budding @entity375 where positioning of nuclei at the bud neck is a major function of cytoplasmic microtubules (cMTs), A. gossypii nuclei are constantly in motion and positioning is not an issue. To investigate the role of cMTs in nuclear oscillation and bypassing, we constructed mutants potentially affecting cMT lengths. Hyphae lacking the plus (+)end marker @entity21022 or the kinesin @entity21023 cannot polymerize long cMTs and lose wild-type nuclear movements. Interestingly, hyphae lacking the kinesin @entity21024 display longer cMTs concomitant with increased nuclear oscillation and bypassing. Polymerization and depolymerization rates of cMTs are 3 times higher in A. gossypii than in budding @entity375 and cMT catastrophes are rare. Growing cMTs slide along the hyphal cortex and exert pulling forces on nuclei. Surprisingly, a capture/shrinkage mechanism seems to be absent in A. gossypii. cMTs reaching a hyphal tip do not shrink, and cMT +ends accumulate in @entity3455 . Thus, differences in cMT dynamics and length control between budding @entity375 and A. gossypii are key elements in the adaptation of the cMT cytoskeleton to much longer cells and much higher degrees of nuclear mobilities.

title: Dynamics of multiple nuclei in @entity21021 hyphae depend on the control of cytoplasmic microtubules length by @entity21022 , XXXX , @entity21024 , and not on a capture/shrinkage mechanism.

entities_list: @entity3455 :: ('MESH:D060725', 'Disease') :: ['hyphal tips']

entities_list: @entity21021 :: ('33169', 'Species') :: ['Ashbya gossypii']

answer: @entity21023 :: (855948(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['Kip2']


abstract: @entity1667 (MP) is the only neuroprotective medication currently in widespread use for the treatment of @entity1566 . Increasingly, published studies challenge its clinical effects in view of its serious side-effects including wound @entity281 , @entity55 , @entity295 and @entity121 . Most cases with @entity4282 ( @entity4282 ) need emergency evacuation, and typically show good neurologic recovery. Some @entity1 with @entity4282 given preoperative or postoperative MP within hours of the onset of symptoms, and have had good motor recovery, although no mention was made of sensory function. Severe, intractable @entity9 has not been reported in @entity1 with @entity4282 . We present a case of @entity4282 treated with a high-dose MP 16 h after onset of symptoms. Surgical decompression was performed 1 h after MP treatment. Motor recovery was good; however, intractable @entity9 developed 5 weeks postoperatively. We discuss the factors contributing to intractable @entity158 . We speculate that the severe, intractable @entity158 might be due to misuse of large-dose @entity230 in this case of non-traumatic spinal @entity602 , and not because of the injury per se.

title: @entity1667 worsening @entity9 in non-traumatic thoracic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['SSEH', 'spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['steroid myopathy']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['myelopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The principal aim of this study was to demonstrate that significant sac retraction (SSR) was a predictive marker of durable success after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR). If verified, follow-up (FU) of @entity1 with SSR may become unnecessary. In addition, the clinical features of the @entity1 and @entity439 were analyzed to identify predictive factors of SSR. METHODS: A group of 371 @entity1 treated by EVAR had a complete clinical exam, computed tomography (CT) scan, and duplex scan follow-up. Data were collected prospectively and analyzed retrospectively. We assessed the difference between the largest diameter of the @entity439 (D) and the diameter of the stent-graft body (D1) on each postoperative CT scan. SSR was defined as a minimum of 75% reduction of this difference between the first and any of the following CT scans. Treatment success was defined as survival free of @entity204 , @entity439 expansion exceeding 5 mm, @entity397 , surgical conversion, migration, and graft occlusion. To assess the predictive factors of SSR, we performed a multivariable analysis and a logistic regression of the most significant variables. RESULTS: SSR was observed in 24.8% (92/371) of the @entity1 after an average of 26    21 months of FU. The mean duration of FU in this group was 50    26 months (vs 45    25 months; P = NS). Survival was significantly longer in the SSR group (96    3 months vs 93    3 months; P < .05). No @entity397 , surgical, or endovascular conversion was reported in the SSR group. The frequency of type I (2.2% vs 15.4%; P < .001), type II (3.3% vs 29.4%; P < 10(-6)), and secondary interventions (3.3% vs 13.3%;P < .05) was lower in the SSR group. All type I and III endoleaks were diagnosed and treated before SSR detection. Since SSR was detected, treatment success remained until last follow-up in 98.9% (91 of 92) of the @entity1 . The independent predictive factors of SSR were @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) diameter < 55 mm (odds ratio [OR] 3.91; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.16-7.11), infra renal aorta diameter < 23 mm (OR 2.96; 95% CI: 1.74-5.03), and a proximal neck length > 22 mm (OR 2.41; 95% CI: 1.42-4.10). CONCLUSION: In this series, SSR was accurately predictive of a durable success after EVAR. It occurred mostly in @entity1 with a favorable anatomy. Less intensive follow-up work up seems to be safe in @entity1 with SSR.

title: Significant sac retraction after XXXX repair is a robust indicator of durable treatment success.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm-related death, type I or III endoleak']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['endovascular aneurysm']


abstract: @entity1172 is a simple and reliable operation for the treatment of @entity1 with repetitive and intractable @entity1173 ; however, it is apprehended that pooling in the tracheal blind pouch may cause @entity260 . In the present study, we examined drainage of the blind pouch created by @entity1172 . Fourteen @entity1 aged 3-63 years with repetitive @entity1174 underwent @entity1172 by the modified Lindeman procedure. A barium swallow was performed 10-30 days after surgery. X-rays of the lateral view of the neck were taken at 6 and 24 h after the swallow, and then every 24 h until the contrast medium cleared. The contrast medium in the blind pouch cleared within 24 h in nine @entity1 . In the remaining five, the clearance time was < or =48 and < or =72 h in two @entity1 each, and 96 h in one @entity1 . The clearance time in @entity1 aged under 20 years was < or =24 h, while middle-aged to elderly @entity1 showed prolonged clearance time. No late complications of the blind pouch, such as infections, were observed. The potential risk of complications caused by pooling in the tracheal blind pouch in @entity1172 is prevented presumably due to the slow but continuous turnover of pooling material. This result supports the validity and usefulness of @entity1172 for the treatment of intractable @entity1173 .

title: Drainage of the tracheal blind pouch created by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1172 :: ('MESH:D001010', 'Disease') :: ['Laryngotracheal separation', 'laryngotracheal separation']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1172 :: (MESH:D001010,Disease) :: ['laryngotracheal separation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Social mobility (movement up or down the social hierarchy) and social accumulation (accumulating social advantage or disadvantage) across the life course have been shown to affect adult health. There is no evidence on how these processes simultaneously affect adult @entity2973 and @entity28 . METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis using data from phase 5 of the Whitehall II study (1997-1999), including retrospective information on past socioeconomic position (SEP) for 4598 @entity1 (44-69 years). The effect of social mobility and social accumulation, from childhood social class to educational attainment to current employment grade, on prevalent adult @entity2973 and @entity28 was examined. RESULTS: Upwardly socially mobile @entity1 did not have lower prevalence of @entity2973 and @entity28 compared to the socially stable at low SEP (62.3 vs 63.9% in @entity1 ). Downwardly socially mobile @entity1 had higher prevalence of @entity2973 and @entity28 than the socially stable at high SEP (52.0% vs 36.1% in @entity1 ). The odds of adult @entity2973 and @entity28 increased with social accumulation of disadvantage. Among @entity1 , one life phase in low SEP was associated with 61% higher odds (OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.05 to 2.47), two phases low with 66% higher odds (1.66; 1.14 to 2.42) and all phases low with 2.6 times the odds (2.61; 1.79 to 3.78) of @entity2973 and @entity28 compared to @entity1 with all phases in high SEP. CONCLUSIONS: Social mobility and social accumulation can operate simultaneously across the life course. Prevention of downward social mobility and social accumulation of disadvantage could reduce the overall prevalence of adult @entity2973 and @entity28 .

title: Social mobility and social accumulation across the life course in relation to adult @entity2973 and XXXX : the Whitehall II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2973 :: ('MESH:D050177', 'Disease') :: ['overweight']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Three @entity2073 ( @entity2073 ) isolates were derived from an @entity2073 population used to assess the response to infection of @entity2829 cultivars. Isolate @entity3419 was obtained from this population through short acquisition and inoculation periods (1 and 5 min, respectively), using a single Cicadulina mbila vector. Isolate @entity11548 was derived from @entity3419 after transmission to a wild perennial host ( @entity11549 ), on which it was maintained for about 4 years without insect transmission. Isolate N2A, the most pathogenic isolate, was obtained from the initial population after serial passages on almost completely resistant inbred @entity2829 lines. The complexity of each isolate was analysed by RFLP analysis and sequencing based on 120 @entity3419 clones, 36 @entity11548 clones and 40 N2A clones. All three isolates were composed of different but related clones, consistent with a quasispecies structure. The mutations were distributed throughout the genome. Mutation frequencies, based on all available sequences, were 3.8 x 10(-4) for @entity3419 , 10.5 x 10(-4) for @entity11550 .9 x 10(-4) for N2A. As expected from the bottleneck selection step, the intra-isolate variability of @entity3419 was relatively low. Comparison between @entity3419 and @entity11548 showed that @entity3419 heterogeneity increased during maintenance on the wild host. Furthermore, the consensus sequences of @entity3419 and @entity11548 differed by two non-synonymous substitutions in the complementary sense gene repA. N2A had a relatively low degree of heterogeneity, but was composed of several sub-populations. The results reflect the influence of the mode of selection of @entity2073 isolates on their quasispecies organization, i.e. distribution of variants, and master sequence.

title: Quasispecies nature of three @entity2073 isolates obtained through different modes of selection from a population used to assess response to infection of XXXX cultivars.

entities_list: @entity11549 :: ('4505', 'Species') :: ['Coix lacryma-jobi']

entities_list: @entity2073 :: ('10821', 'Species') :: ['maize streak virus', 'MSV']

answer: @entity2829 :: (4577,Species) :: ['maize']


abstract: To determine the ability of spermatozoa to bind to the zona pellucida (ZP) in @entity251 -induced @entity6660 , previously fertile @entity1 participating in the World Heath Organization (WHO) male contraceptive trial in Melbourne were studied while oligozoospermic to various degrees. Semen analysis were performed according to WHO methods. One or two ejaculates from each subject were cryopreserved before commencing weekly intramuscular injections of 200 mg @entity2609 . The frozen spermatozoa were used as controls for ZP-binding tests of spermatozoa obtained during @entity251 -induced @entity6660 (< 10 x 10(6)/ml) in either the suppression or efficacy (n = 6) and recovery (n = 3) phases. Two other subjects in the recovery phase with normozoospermia were also tested. @entity1 oocytes that failed to fertilized in vitro from infertile @entity1 were used for the sperm-ZP binding test. Control (frozen) spermatozoa were labelled with @entity2822 and test (oligozoospermic semen) spermatozoa were labelled with @entity8008 B @entity8009 . A mixture of equal numbers of labelled motile control and test spermatozoa were incubated with 4-6 ZP. There was a significantly (p < 0.01) lower number of spermatozoa bound per ZP in oligozoospermic samples (65 +/- 7, mean +/- SEM) than in controls (80 +/- 7). However, there were still large numbers of spermatozoa bound to the ZP for all the oligozoospermic samples. Five subjects had similar numbers of spermatozoa bound to the ZP for both control and oligozoospermic samples. Overall, the ZP-binding ratio of test and control spermatozoa averaged 0.82 (range 0.51-1.13).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Ability of spermatozoa to bind to the zona pellucida during @entity6660 induced with XXXX during a male contraceptive trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity8008 :: ('CHEBI:52282', 'Chemical') :: ['tetramethylrhodamine']

entities_list: @entity8009 :: ('MESH:C037152', 'Chemical') :: ['isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['oligozoospermia']

entities_list: @entity2609 :: ('MESH:C004648', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone enanthate']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: @entity406 (FA) is a commonly used chemical in everyday life and can react with many molecules in the @entity1 body. Although @entity137 has been reported, exposure to FA has also been shown to have beneficial effects or no effect at all. In the present study, we examined the effect of FA inhalation on oxidative stress and @entity32 in @entity19 . Male adult ICR @entity19 were exposed FA in gaseous form (0.1 ppm), and blood, urine, brain, lung and liver were obtained for 24 hr. Levels of @entity7599 ( @entity7599 ) and @entity8326 were then determined by HPLC. A second group of @entity19 were injected with 5 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) after 24 hr of FA (3 ppm) inhalation and blood and organs were assayed for @entity8326 level and SOD activity. After exposure to a low dose of FA (0.1 ppm), the @entity7599 /dG ratio significantly increased in plasma. However, the ratio in urine and organs significantly decreased during 24 hr of FA exposure. The @entity8326 levels mirrored the @entity7599 /dG ratio. After 24 hr exposure to a high dose of FA (3 ppm), @entity8326 levels in plasma and liver were significantly lower than in control @entity19 exposed to air only. The SOD activity of blood and urine were conversely increased in FA exposed animals. In the present study, we suggest that inhalation of FA at low doses influences the oxidative stress response in a tissue-specific manner. The FA may partially alleviate in some tissues like preconditioning in oxidative stress.

title: Early changes to oxidative stress levels following exposure to @entity406 in ICR XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7599 :: ('MESH:C040791', 'Chemical') :: ["8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine", '8OHdG']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['Formaldehyde']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Sertoli cell aromatase activity is high in very young animals and declines throughout pubertal development. Little is known about the regulatory factors which might be involved in the pronounced decline suffered by this enzymatic activity. In this paper we show that @entity53 production in Sertoli cells is dependent on cell density in the culture and that chronic stimulation with hormones can decrease @entity53 acute response to FSH. In 8-day-old Sertoli cells cultured at low density (LD: 7.1 +/- 0.3 micrograms DNA), @entity53 production was 151 +/- 11 pgE2/micrograms DNA, while in those cultured at high density ( @entity2033 : 30.3 +/- 0.6 micrograms DNA), production was 30 +/- 5 pgE2/micrograms DNA. Similar results were obtained in 20-day-old Sertoli cell cultures (LD: 57 +/- 4 pgE2/micrograms DNA vs @entity2033 : 26.0 +/- 0.6 pgE2/micrograms DNA). On the other hand, treatment of Sertoli cell cultures (8- and 20-day-old) for 96 h, with FSH (100 ng/ml), EGF (50 ng/ml), insulin (10 micrograms/ml) and @entity442 (50 ng/ml) at different densities resulted mostly in inhibition of aromatase activity. The effect caused by FSH was apparently not related to desensitization as aromatization with @entity5393 could not overcome the decreased ability of these cells to produce @entity53 . The effect caused by EGF was observed in 8-day-old Sertoli cells cultured under high density conditions. Marked inhibition was observed with insulin and @entity442 in 8-day-old Sertoli cell cultures. Considering previous reports indicating a decrease in Sertoli cell aromatase activity with age, our results suggest a potential role for FSH, EGF, insulin and @entity442 on the Sertoli cell differentiation process which occurs throughout pubertal development.

title: Regulation of Sertoli cell aromatase activity by cell density and prolonged stimulation with FSH, EGF, insulin and XXXX at different moments of pubertal development.

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity442 :: (3479,Gene) :: ['IGF-I']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Microarray gene expression profiling has indicated that complex molecular gene expression signatures might be predictive of outcome after systemic treatment for early @entity0 . Neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) with its assessment of pathologic complete response (pCR), so far the best surrogate parameter for cure, provides a unique opportunity to rapidly identify such molecular predictors. @entity1 AND METHODS: Currently, an international, randomized phase II study of 2 sequential regimens as NST is being conducted in @entity1 with primary @entity0 T2-4a-c N0-2 M0. @entity1 receive 4 cycles of @entity632 /pemetrexed, followed by 4 cycles of @entity1205 (AP-Doc) or 4 cycles of @entity632 / @entity786 , followed by 4 cycles of @entity1205 (AC-Doc). @entity5 , tissue, blood, and serum are collected at baseline and, if available, after 4 cycles of chemotherapy, and at surgery. The clinical objectives are to assess pCR rate, @entity5 response, rate of histologically negative axillary lymph nodes, disease-free survival, and safety after NST with AP-Doc or AC-Doc. Translational research objectives include the identification of differentially expressed genes predictive for the achievement of pCR after either treatment regimen. RESULTS: As of January 2007, 178 of the 256 @entity1 planned for this study had been enrolled at 12 European centers. The recommendation after a planned interim safety and efficacy analysis was to continue with the trial as planned. CONCLUSION: We anticipate this study will provide a better understanding of the treatment options with pemetrexed in primary @entity0 and give insight into the practical robustness of the new marker sets in response prediction.

title: @entity632 /pemetrexed followed by XXXX versus @entity632 / @entity786 followed by @entity1205 as neoadjuvant treatment for @entity0 : a randomized phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: SUMMARY: There are few experimental models of @entity2758 ( @entity2758 ). The following study was designed to evaluate an easy-to-perform method in a @entity235 model. Bilateral high-flow carotid to external jugular vein arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) were created in three adult @entity235 . 21 days after surgery one AVF was occluded by a coated stent, whereas the contralateral side remained patent. Frequent angiograms of the carotid and the vertebral arteries were performed in the nine months after surgery to investigate the effects of long-standing high-flow AVF. Because of a significant steal effect, the fistulae recruited arterial blood flow at a rapid rate from the ipsilateral vertebral artery and to lesser extent from the contralateral side, which was only disclosed after occlusion of the contralateral AVF. These cephalic pseudo AVMs were seen in all three @entity235 . The model presented is easy to establish and shows @entity2695 -like morphological components comparable to @entity1 @entity2758 . It is useful for the testing of new catheters and embolic materials as well as in the training of superselective navigation with micro catheters. However, it is unsuitable for examination of intracranial pathophysiology.

title: Experimental pseudo XXXX . A model for training and research.

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations', 'AVM']

answer: @entity2758 :: (MESH:D001165,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous malformation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Alternative methods for individual @entity1 data (IPD) meta-analysis of time-to-event outcomes have been established and utilized in practice. The most common approach is a stratified log-rank analysis. The IPD approach is considered to be the gold standard approach for meta-analysis and is becoming increasingly more popular but the performance of different methods has not been studied previously. PURPOSE: To compare commonly used methods for fixed effects meta-analysis of individual @entity1 time-to-event data. METHODS: The stratified log-rank analysis, an inverse variance weighted average of @entity797 model estimates, and the stratified @entity797 regression model are compared. First, a theoretical comparison of approaches is undertaken. Second, the bias and coverage are assessed for the pooled hazard ratio using simulated data under commonly encountered meta-analysis conditions. Finally, a comparison is presented using empirical data from four separate systematic reviews of anti- @entity302 drug trials where IPD are available for two time-to-event outcomes. RESULTS: For hazard ratio close to 1 with minimal heterogeneity between trials, theoretical results suggest similar results should be expected from all the three methods. Results for empirical and simulated data are in keeping with the theoretical results and show all the three methods perform well under these conditions. When there is no heterogeneity and the proportional hazards assumption holds, the stratified @entity797 model and inverse variance weighted average produce similar estimates of the pooled treatment effect and are to be preferred to the stratified log-rank analysis when the underlying treatment effect is large. Coverage values diminish for all the three methods and are below 95% for low or moderate heterogeneity. The low coverage values highlight the need for models that appropriately account for or explore the between trial variation. LIMITATIONS: Until larger simulations can be undertaken, conclusions based on the simulated and empirical data should only be applied to small meta-analyses of four or five trials. CONCLUSIONS: These investigations suggest that under normal conditions all three methods provide similar results. For moderate heterogeneity coverage for all the three fixed @entity3628 .

title: A comparison of methods for fixed effects meta-analysis of individual XXXX data with time to event outcomes.

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['effects models depreciates']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: DNA topoisomerase II-a (Topo II-a) is essential for numerous cell processes, including DNA replication, transcription, recombination, and chromosome separation and condensation. Altered Topo II-a expression may lead to @entity105 and @entity5 progression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between Topo II-a expression levels and clinicopathological data from @entity5 @entity1 . Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze Topo II-a expression in @entity957 and distant healthy tissues obtained from 70 @entity1 . In addition, fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to detect Topo II-a amplification and chromosome 17 ploidy using a @entity5 tissue microarray. The expression of Topo II-a protein was detected in 71.43% (50/70) of @entity189 tissues, in contrast to 9% of healthy tissues (2/22). Furthermore, the expression of Topo II-a protein was found to be associated with @entity5 de-differentiation and advanced @entity5 T stage. However, the expression of Topo II-a protein was not identified to be associated with Topo II-a amplification in @entity189 , although was found to positively correlate with chromosome 17 @entity2007 (P<0.05). A higher @entity2007 rate contributed to increased expression levels of Topo II-a protein. Aberrant Topo II-a expression and chromosome 17 @entity2007 contributed to the development and progression of @entity5 , indicating that targeting Topo II-a may provide a treatment strategy for @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Expression of DNA topoisomerase II-a: Clinical significance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'laryngeal cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']


abstract: We investigated whether the inhibition of @entity3695 secretion from pituitary cells by @entity5402 , a cholinergic agonist resistant to hydrolysis by cholinesterases, would be a useful bioassay to explore an important nonneuronal action of antimuscarinic agents. @entity5402 inhibited @entity3695 secretion from cultured @entity35 anterior pituitary cells in a dose-dependent manner with a mean IC50 of 1.5 +/- 0.6 (S.E.) microM and maximal inhibition at 10(-5) M. @entity3695 levels in media were significantly reduced by 30 min of incubation with @entity5402 . This inhibition persisted for 24 hr and was reversed by 2 microM @entity3897 . The stimulation of @entity3695 secretion by 10(-6) M thyrotropin releasing hormone (to 1.5 times control) was inhibited by the addition of @entity5402 (10(-5) M). Addition of @entity3897 (2 microM) to these agents restored maximal stimulation by thyrotropin releasing hormone. The inhibition of @entity5402 by @entity3897 was competitive, whereas the inhibition of thyrotropin releasing hormone by @entity5402 was noncompetitive. The apparent affinities (Ki) of several antimuscarinic agents in pituitary cells were determined by their ability to reverse the @entity5402 inhibition of @entity3695 secretion: @entity3897 0.14 nM, @entity5591 0.26 nM, @entity17434 0.3 nM, @entity17435 3.0 nM, @entity4140 42 nM, @entity17436 80 nM and @entity17437 198 nM. These potencies correlated positively with those previously determined for inhibition of alpha amylase secretion from pancreatic acinar cells as well as with those for behavioral depressant actions of the antimuscarinics. Cultured anterior pituitary cells thus provide an effective system for testing the relative potencies of muscarinic antagonists in pituitary cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Reversal of inhibition of XXXX secretion in cultured pituitary cells by muscarinic antagonists.

entities_list: @entity17437 :: ('MESH:C084829', 'Chemical') :: ['adiphenine']

entities_list: @entity17434 :: ('MESH:C052339', 'Chemical') :: ['azaprophen']

entities_list: @entity17436 :: ('MESH:D001535', 'Chemical') :: ['benactyzine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity4140 :: ('MESH:D010890', 'Chemical') :: ['pirenzepine']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol', 'Carbachol']

answer: @entity3695 :: (24683(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['prolactin']


abstract: @entity625 and @entity299 have been observed in the adult @entity35 with homologous disease. Changes in the lymphoid tissue and kidney have also been noted. A @entity625 occurred in over half of the affected animals, and cardiac involvement of varying intensity was present in all. Histologically, the @entity625 was characterized by a mononuclear synovial inflammatory reaction. In the heart, the valves and myocardium demonstrated a similar type of response. Cultures of involved joints and hearts for pyogens and @entity5390 -like organisms were negative. The lymphoid tissues showed progressive changes in three stages: (a) disappearance of follicles; (b) increase in plasma-like cells and histiocytes; and (c) @entity82 . The second stage tended to coincide with the development of the @entity625 . The kidney showed mild @entity1986 . The pathologic changes described appear to be a consequence of reaction between foreign immunologically competent cells and host antigens, but the possibility that these lesions represent a response to antigens derived from unknown infectious agents is, however, not ruled out.

title: Homologous disease in the adult XXXX , a model for autoimmune disease. II. Findings in the joints, heart, and other tissues.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Polyarthritis', 'arthritis', 'polyarthritis', 'migratory polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial mononuclear infiltration']

entities_list: @entity5390 :: ('MESH:D011001', 'Disease') :: ['pleuropneumonia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac lesions']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity2 in the older individual is an increasingly common problem faced by the oncologist. Elderly @entity1 have more co-morbidities and tend to tolerate toxic medical treatments more poorly than their younger counterparts. Thus, clinical data obtained in a younger population cannot be automatically extrapolated to the great majority of non-selected elderly @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). The bulk of prospective clinical data regarding chemotherapy and molecularly targeted therapy for elderly @entity1149 @entity1 comes from studies in advanced disease. In elderly advanced @entity1149 @entity1 single-agent chemotherapy with third-generation agents ( @entity1206 , @entity136 , @entity6023 ) is to be considered as the standard treatment for unselected @entity1 , based on several phase II and III trials specifically designed for this special population. Retrospective analyses found no differences in survival between elderly and younger @entity1 treated with @entity900 -based chemotherapy, with a small but significant increase in @entity137 in the elderly. @entity900 -based chemotherapy with @entity900 at attenuated doses has demonstrated to be an active and feasible option in phase II trials and deserves prospective phase III comparison against monochemotherapy. Among targeted therapies, the @entity470 @entity669 kinase inhibitors @entity3866 and @entity4562 are the most promising agents and have relevant phase II prospective data showing activity and good tolerability as first-line treatment in this population. Concerning the anti- @entity7 monoclonal antibody bevacizumab, particular care must be taken for elderly @entity1 because of a possible higher incidence of cardiovascular co-morbidities. However its role in this population remains controversial and specific prospective studies are warranted to clarify this topic. Further specifically designed phase III randomized trials are needed to optimize medical treatment of @entity1149 in elderly @entity1 .

title: Treatment of advanced XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: While first generation H1-receptor antagonists are widely used, there are relatively few data describing their comparative effects on subjective @entity25 and @entity1155 performance. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of first generation H1 receptor antagonists on subjective @entity25 and @entity1155 performance. METHODS: We conducted two single-dose, cross-over studies. In the first, we validated our methodology in 18 healthy subjects by examining the response to @entity3933 (50 mg), @entity9691 (60 mg), and placebo. In the second trial, we evaluated the relative effects following @entity3933 (50 mg), @entity3933 (25 mg), @entity17567 (4 mg), and placebo. Psychomotor tests included choice reaction time, hand steadiness, and a test that divided attention between tracking and reaction time. Introspective drowsiness was measured using a visual analog scale and the Stanford Sleepiness Scale. Assessments were made prior to dosing and at one, three, and five hours after dosing; a 7-hour post-drug assessment was included in the second trial. RESULTS: In the first trial, 50 mg @entity3933 produced significant impairment relative to placebo in both subjective and objective assessments (P < .05). Responses following @entity9691 did not differ from placebo. In the second study, all three regimens produced subjective and objective soporific effects to a significantly greater degree than placebo. For example, significant introspective @entity25 was noted three hours following all three regimens (P < .05) and slower choice reaction times were noted one and three hours after dosing (P < .05). The general rank order of effects was @entity3933 (50 mg), followed by @entity3933 (25 mg), followed by @entity17567 (4 mg). Significant differences among the three regimens were, for the most part, confined to greater soporific effects from @entity3933 relative to @entity17567 (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our observations confirm that subjective and objective measures of @entity25 and @entity1155 performance occur following single doses of @entity3933 and @entity17567 , but not @entity9691 . Differences in soporific effects do exist among regimens of first-generation compounds.

title: Characterization of @entity25 and XXXX performance following H1 receptor antagonists.

entities_list: @entity3933 :: ('MESH:D004155', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenhydramine']

entities_list: @entity9691 :: ('MESH:D016593', 'Chemical') :: ['terfenadine']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor']

entities_list: @entity17567 :: ('MESH:D002744', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpheniramine']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness', 'daytime sleepiness']

answer: @entity1155 :: (MESH:D011596,Disease) :: ['psychomotor']


abstract: @entity16109 (NiV) is a recently emerged zoonotic paramyxovirus whose natural reservoirs are several species of Pteropus fruit bats. NiV provokes a widespread @entity1333 often associated with severe @entity198 , with up to 75% mortality in @entity1 . We have analyzed the pathogenesis of @entity778 , using @entity1 leukocyte cultures and the hamster animal model, which closely reproduces @entity1 @entity778 . We report that @entity1 lymphocytes and monocytes are not permissive for NiV and a low level of virus replication is detected only in dendritic cells. Interestingly, despite the absence of @entity281 , lymphocytes could efficiently bind NiV and transfer @entity281 to endothelial and Vero cells. This lymphocyte-mediated transinfection was inhibited after proteolytic digestion and neutralization by NiV-specific antibodies, suggesting that cells could transfer infectious virus to other permissive cells without the requirement for NiV internalization. In NiV-infected hamsters, leukocytes captured and carried NiV after intraperitoneal @entity281 without themselves being productively infected. Such NiV-loaded mononuclear leukocytes transfer lethal @entity778 into na  ve animals, demonstrating efficient virus transinfection in vivo. Altogether, these results reveal a remarkable capacity of NiV to hijack leukocytes as vehicles to transinfect host cells and spread the virus throughout the organism. This mode of virus transmission represents a rapid and potent method of NiV dissemination, which may contribute to its high pathogenicity.

title: XXXX uses leukocytes for efficient dissemination within a host.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['NiV infection']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity16109 :: (121791,Species) :: ['Nipah virus']


abstract: Neurohormonal, mechanical, and @entity121 effects on tendon blood flow were studied in thirty-five @entity95 . After anesthesia by @entity4774 , experiments were performed on in situ preparation of the hindlimb under stable state in systemic blood pressure. Tendon and muscle blood flow were measured simultaneously by the @entity3884 gas clearance method, and their temperature and @entity4095 were continuously observed by thermocouple and @entity26 sensor, respectively. The resting blood flow in the denervated tendon tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and soleus (ml/(100 g.min] was 39.0 +/- 4.0, 34.5 +/- 8.2, and 30.2 +/- 4.3, respectively, whereas in their muscles it was 17.8 +/- 1.5, 17.1 +/- 2.1, and 12.6 +/- 1.1, respectively. The tendon tissue temperature and @entity4095 increased gradually until 15-20 min after cutting the sciatic nerve, and the increasing rate depended upon the initial control level before denervation. Intravenous injection of @entity1063 in the dose of 1-9.9 micrograms/kg produced a marked decrease in the tendon tissue temperature of the tibialis anterior, but a mild one in the muscle. The longitudinal tension force produced a decrease in the tendon tissue temperature of the tibialis anterior, but no change in the muscle. During @entity121 , tendon blood flow and temperature tended to decrease, whereas the muscle blood flow and temperature increased markedly from the beginning of @entity121 . There was no evidence to demonstrate the existence of exercise @entity450 in the tendon tissue. These data suggest that @entity1503 can be modified by many factors, and that mechanical and exercise effects may play a role in regulation of tendon blood flow channels and fluid transfer for the lubrication of tendon fiber movements.

title: The functional characteristics of XXXX in the @entity95 hindlimbs.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['tendon blood circulation']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle exercise']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['tendon blood circulation']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Antiplatelet therapy with @entity117 and @entity1397 is an important component of the management of @entity1187 , but it also increases the risk of @entity548 . There are no formal guidelines about the use of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for gastroprotection in @entity1 on @entity1397 . This study assessed how many @entity1 in the Royal Darwin Hospital (RDH) and the Royal Hobart Hospital (RHH) prescribed @entity1397 and at risk of @entity548 were co-prescribed PPIs. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a pharmacy database to select all @entity1 commenced on @entity1397 in a 1-year period. We identified all @entity1 newly prescribed @entity1397 and determined the proportion that had a risk factor for @entity548 and also received a PPI. We also assessed the effect of the use of PPIs on the number of reported @entity548 . RESULTS: The final study cohort consisted of 385 @entity1 who had been newly prescribed @entity1397 . Of all @entity1 discharged on @entity1397 , 95.6% (368/385) had >or=1 risk factor for @entity548 . One hundred and twenty-eight of these @entity1 [128/368, (34.8%)] were discharged on a PPI. @entity1 on dual antiplatelet therapy with an additional risk factor for @entity548 and not discharged on a PPI were more likely to develop a @entity548 than @entity1 on dual antiplatelet therapy without a risk factor for @entity548 not discharged on a PPI (11.1% vs. 1.8%; P < 0.01). @entity1 on dual antiplatelet therapy with an additional risk factor for @entity548 not discharged on a PPI had a higher probability (borderline significance) of major @entity548 , compared with @entity1 on dual antiplatelet therapy with an additional risk factor for @entity548 discharged on a PPI [PPI: 1/60, (1.7%) vs. no PPI: 6/54, (11.1%); P = 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that PPIs may only lower the probability of major @entity548 in @entity1 treated with dual antiplatelet therapy, who possess additional risk factor(s) for @entity548 .

title: PPI use in XXXX commenced on @entity1397 : a retrospective cross-sectional evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'bleeds', 'major bleed']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) for the pre-operative assessment of @entity1 with @entity1204 and to assess myometrial and cervical invasion as well as pelvic lymph node @entity3 . METHODS: Fifty-eight @entity1 who underwent surgery for histopathologically confirmed @entity1204 were included in the current study. Prior to surgery, @entity1 were evaluated using pelvic DW-MRI and @entity2287 -enhanced T1-weighted imaging (Gd-T1WI). Gd-T1WI was evaluated together with T2-weighted images. DW-MR images were obtained in the axial plane using echo-planar spin-echo pulse sequences with different b factors. @entity1204 were observed as areas of increased intensity on DW-MRI images, and their intensity was compared with the surrounding hypo-intense myometrium. Pre-operative DW-MRI and Gd-T1WI results were compared with post-operative histopathological findings that served as reference standards. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, positive ( @entity2286 ) and negative predictive values (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy of DW-MRI for differentiation between superficial myometrial invasion and deep myometrial invasion were 85%, 89%, 81%, 92% and 88%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy rates were 82%, 91% and 89.6% for cervical invasion and 100%, 96% and 96.5% for pelvic lymph node @entity3 , respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 and NPV, and diagnostic accuracy of Gd-T1WI for differentiation between superficial myometrial invasion and deep myometrial invasion were 85%, 81.5%, 71%, 91% and 83%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy were 73%, 89% and 86% for cervical invasion, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that DW-MRI may be a good diagnostic tool with high sensitivity and specificity for assessing myometrial invasion and detecting @entity5 extension. We suggest that DW-MRI should be considered as a routine part of the pre-operative pelvic MRI in all @entity1 with @entity1204 .

title: Diagnostic efficacy of diffusion-weighted MRI for pre-operative assessment of myometrial and cervical invasion and pelvic lymph node XXXX in @entity1204 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'Endometrial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: AIMS: To study the anti- @entity5 effects of @entity797 CECT7121 on LBC cells, an aggressive @entity19 @entity784 that kills the host in 18   days when is intraperitoneally (i.p.) administrated. METHODS AND RESULTS: In vitro studies have shown that LBC cell proliferation was inhibited by Ent. faecalis CECT7121 stimulus in a dose-dependent manner, inducing apoptosis. The production of @entity2367 was involved in the latter effect. To undertake in vivo studies, syngeneic BALB/c @entity19 pre-treated i.p. with Ent. faecalis CECT7121 (2.5   10(8 ) CFU) were challenged i.p. with LBC cells (1.0   10(6) cells) the day after. On day 30 post-inoculation of LBC cells, 70% of Ent. faecalis CECT7121 pre-treated @entity19 survived, whereas no survivals were recorded in the control group. A group of surviving @entity19 was re-challenged with LBC cells, and 89% of them survived. Upon stimulation with irradiated LBC cells, spleen cell proliferation, high IFNy, IL-12 and @entity1618 levels were observed in surviving animals. CONCLUSIONS: @entity797 CECT7121 affected multiple factors of the @entity5 establishment by the following methods: down-regulating the LBC cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in these cells; and enhancing the immune response that protects animals from @entity706 challenge and re-challenge. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study demonstrate that Ent. faecalis CECT7121 has potential as a probiotic that could facilitate the development of novel complements to therapeutic strategies against @entity66 .

title: Beneficial activity of @entity797 CECT7121 in the anti- XXXX protective response.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['oncological diseases']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis']

entities_list: @entity2367 :: ('CHEBI:17761', 'Chemical') :: ['ceramide']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: In this prospective randomized trial, we compared the effects of @entity205 - and @entity786 -based treatment regimens in @entity1 with @entity8 . Twenty-eight @entity1 were randomized to receive treatment with one of the three therapeutic regimens: @entity205 with @entity1667 , @entity786 with @entity1667 or @entity3593 (control). Renal function and @entity1985 parameters were determined at baseline and during a 9-month treatment period. At the end of the study period, renal function improved significantly in the @entity786 and deteriorated significantly in the @entity205 group. Serum albumin levels increased significantly in the @entity205 and @entity786 group. Total @entity165 levels and @entity644 were significantly reduced in all groups. In the comparison between the groups, serum albumin levels were significantly lower in the control group and there were no differences in the rest of the studied parameters at the end of the study. Six @entity1 from the @entity205 group (1/10 complete and 5/10 partial), all @entity786 -treated (4/8 complete and 4/8 partial) and all 10 @entity3593 -treated @entity1 (10/10 partial) were on remission at the end of the study. In conclusion, @entity205 -based regimens are not inferior to @entity786 -based regimens. @entity786 is associated with more complete remissions after 9 months of treatment. @entity3593 is associated with a significant @entity644 reduction and without inducing any complete remissions.

title: Comparison of immunosuppressive therapeutic regimens in @entity1 with XXXX due to @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic membranous nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['Lisinopril', 'lisinopril']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present the first case of neuroendoscopic removal of migrated intraventricular bone dust and gel foam after intraventricular endoscopic surgery. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 37-year-old @entity1 was admitted with a 2-year history of @entity10 . Brain computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a cavum vergae cyst. The @entity1 was operated on by stereotactically guided endoscopic cyst fenestration with no intraoperative complications. Postoperative CT scan demonstrated regression of the cyst with no other pathological findings. Because of a @entity86 , a lumbar puncture was performed after the brain CT scan to eliminate @entity693 as a differential diagnosis. After the lumbar puncture, the @entity1 complained of severe @entity10 and @entity391 followed by @entity308 . The follow-up CT scan showed the migration of bone dust from the burr hole site to the ventricular system and acute @entity1276 . It is thought that the negative pressure gradient generated after the lumbar puncture might have been transmitted through the cerebrospinal fluid pathway, resulting in a suction effect and migration of the bone dust from the burr hole to the ventricle. INTERVENTION: An urgent reexplorative endoscopic procedure was performed, and most of the bone dust and gel foam were removed. The @entity1 recovered with complete resolution of the previous symptoms. CONCLUSION: We propose not using autologous bone dust for closure of the burr holes after endoscopic intraventricular procedures; instead, alloplastic materials designed especially for burr hole closure may be used. However, our main recommendation is to use an external ventricular drainage, which is maintained closed but can be opened if necessary. In addition, lumbar puncture should be avoided in cases in which bone dust is used for the burr hole reconstruction without dural closure.

title: Intracranial migration of bone dust after intraventricular neuroendoscopy complicating acute XXXX and removal of bone dust: case report.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative fever']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Very few studies have examined prognostic factors in adult @entity1 with @entity1682 ( @entity1682 ) @entity2259 . The purpose of this study was to identify the prognostic factors of these @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 79 episodes of @entity1682 @entity2259 were identified in 73 @entity1 between January 2001 and December 2003. Susceptibilities to various antimicrobials were determined using disk-diffusion tests and National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards criteria. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between @entity1 ' characteristics and covariates of mortality. RESULTS: There were only 5 episodes (6%) of @entity1902 , two of which were due to @entity295 contracted abroad. Potentially predisposing factors were identifiable in 51 episodes (65%). Infections in 24 @entity1 (30%) were due to serogroup B Salmonella and in 22 @entity1 (28%), to serogroup C Salmonella. A logistic regression analysis selected two variables as independently influencing prognosis: @entity772 (p=0.006) and @entity326 (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Thus, most adult @entity1 with @entity1682 @entity2259 do not develop @entity1902 . @entity1 in shock or @entity772 have poor prognosis, and susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins, @entity6944 , and @entity2893 is high.

title: XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella septicemia']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity6944 :: ('MESH:C043266', 'Chemical') :: ['cefepime']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity1682 :: ('MESH:D014435', 'Disease') :: ['non-typhoidal Salmonella', 'NTS']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['Non-typhoidal Salmonella bacteremia']


abstract: @entity421 is a malignant @entity5 of mesenchymal origin that is presumed to arise from osteoblasts. Considered a rare @entity5 , approximately 1000 cases of @entity421 are diagnosed in the United States each year, and @entity421 of the foot is rarer still. @entity1614 ( @entity1614 ) is a rare @entity74 that affects 1 in 5000 individuals and is caused by mutations in the @entity6099 ( @entity6099 ) gene. @entity1614 phenotype affects several body systems, including soft connective tissue and bone. Here we report, for the first time, an individual with @entity1614 that was treated for @entity421 . Surgically resected tissue was used to initiate an @entity421 cell line (PSU-OS-M) that exhibits attachment-independent growth and loss of contact inhibition in vitro. Genomic DNA was isolated from the @entity5 cells, and primers that anneal to intronic regions were used to amplify and sequence all 65 coding exons of the @entity6099 gene. A two base pair insertion that results in a novel premature termination codon (PTC) was found in exon 52. Protein from the normal allele is detectable in PSU-OS-M cell-conditioned medium, but protein from the mutant allele was not detectable. Immunofluorescent microscopy demonstrates that PSU-OS-M cells can assemble @entity6099 microfibrils in culture, and fibronectin assembly is normal. As such, the PSU-OS-M cell line is to our knowledge the first oncogenically transformed cell line with a mutant fibrillin gene and may serve as a useful tool for studying molecular mechanisms of @entity1614 and nonsense-mediated decay.

title: XXXX in a Marfan patient with a novel premature termination codon in the @entity6099 gene.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['MFS', 'Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['Osteosarcoma', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['Osteosarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of @entity619 on @entity1198 /Th2 cytokines in @entity8619 . METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated by density gradient centrifugation from OLP @entity1 and healthy controls. PBMC from @entity1 with OLP were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and @entity619 respectively for 72 h. The concentrations of @entity379 ( @entity379 ) and @entity3646 ( @entity3646 ) in culture supernatants were determined by ELISA. The mRNA levels for @entity379 and @entity3646 in culture cells were evaluated using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, the levels of @entity379 in OLP @entity1 were significantly lower (P < 0.05). The levels of @entity3646 were higher, but not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The ratios of @entity379 / @entity3646 were lower in @entity1 with OLP (P < 0.05). @entity619 significantly inhibited the levels of @entity379 and @entity3646 (P < 0.01). Moreover, @entity379 was inhibited significantly more than @entity3646 . The levels of @entity379 and @entity3646 mRNA expression in culture cells were consistent with protein production in supernatants. CONCLUSIONS: Th2 immune response is predominant in OLP. @entity619 is an immunosuppressant inhibiting @entity1198 /Th2 cytokines.

title: [Effects of glucocorticoids on T helper cells balance in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity8619 :: ('MESH:D017676', 'Disease') :: ['oral lichen planus']

answer: @entity8619 :: (MESH:D017676,Disease) :: ['oral lichen planus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We conducted an analysis of @entity4562 in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) to assess the antitumor efficacy of this epidermal growth factor receptor @entity669 kinase inhibitor. METHODS: Our single-center, prospective landmark analysis included 183 @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 who received 250 mg of @entity4562 orally once daily in an expanded-use program at our institution. Thirty-three of the 183 @entity1 were previously untreated. The @entity1 included in this analysis had all received at least 12 weeks of @entity4562 . RESULTS: The objective @entity5 response rate was 3.8%, but an additional 53.5% of @entity1 experienced clinically meaningful disease stabilization. Median progression-free survival time was 3.6 months, and median overall survival time was 8.8 months. The 1-year survival rate for the entire cohort was 35%. Predictors of longer survival included female gender, @entity420 or @entity189 histology, and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1. Adverse events were generally mild (grade 1 or 2) and consisted mainly of skin reactions and @entity294 . CONCLUSIONS: In this single-center experience, @entity4562 demonstrated clinically significant antitumor activity and provided good palliation in a predominantly pretreated group of @entity1 . Our results, which are likely to be reproducible in a community setting, demonstrated a 1-year survival rate of 35% in a cohort of @entity1 who were able to take the drug for at least 12 weeks.

title: @entity4562 ( XXXX ) in previously treated advanced @entity1149 : experience from a single institution.

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['bronchoalveolar carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity4562 :: (MESH:C419708,Chemical) :: ['ZD1839']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics and related influence factors of lymph node @entity3 in @entity1 undergoing radical cystectomy and lymph node dissection for @entity150 . METHODS: The data of 522 @entity1 who underwent radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection at Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital from 1998 to 2012, were retrospectively collected, and the lymph node mapping was performed in all the @entity1 to determine the location of metastatic lymph nodes. RESULTS: For the 522 @entity1 with @entity150 , @entity1600 occurred in 99 @entity1 , and the incidence of @entity1600 was 19.0%. The incidence at different @entity5 stages was: 3.7% in T1 (6/164), 10.5% in T2 (17/160), 36.7% in T3(40/107), and 41.9% in T4 (36/86). The most common involved lymph nodes were hypogastric/obturator lymph nodes (77/99, 77.8%) and external iliac lymph nodes (35/99, 35.4%). The mean number of lymph nodes dissected was 11.6 (1-51). The lymph node density (number of lymph nodes involved/number of lymph nodes removed) was 44.1%. The incidence of @entity1600 was statistical related to @entity5 stage (P < 0.01, OR 2.71,95% CI 2.13-3.44) and @entity5 grade (P < 0.01, OR 3.81,95% CI 1.66-8.74), while age, gender, smoke history, and weight had no statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Lymph node @entity3 is the most common @entity3 route of @entity150 . The incidence of lymph node @entity5 involvement is correlated with increasing @entity5 stage and @entity5 grade. The most common involved lymph nodes are hypogastric/obturator lymph nodes and external iliac lymph nodes. Radical cystectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph nodes dissection are of great significance in the treatment of @entity150 .

title: [Characteristics of @entity1600 in XXXX undergoing radical cystectomy for @entity150 : a retrospective single-center study of 522 cases].

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: From february 1980 to december 1985, 115 @entity0 were treated with QU.A. @entity138 . with limited surgery and following radiotherapy. Median age was 51 years (range 25 to 75). Surgical approach was quadrantectomy with axillary nodes dissection. Irradiation of residual breast was performed by an anterior high energy electron beam. 50 Gy in 25 fractions was the minimal dose to whole breast. In pN+ @entity1 systemic adjuvant therapy was done. Local control was obtained in 111 cases. Local recurrence appeared in 4: 1 menopausal @entity2558 pNO and 3 premenopausal (1 @entity2558 pNO and 2 @entity2558 pN+) at respectively 31, 19, 22 months from diagnosis. Distant @entity3 appeared in 10 @entity1 . 7 died for @entity5 and 3 are still alive. Cosmetic results were scored as good in 52, better than mastectomy in 26, unsatisfactory in 3, and not stated in 34. Our results are comparable to those of other Centers. Youth, axillary @entity3 and delay between surgery and radiotherapy appears to influence the risk of recurrence also in our series.

title: [Small size breast XXXX conservative surgical therapy and subsequent radiotherapy].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: A systematic study was made to explain the large improvements in separation performance and capacity of basic compounds at alkaline conditions. The adsorption of three probe components was investigated on four alkaline-stable @entity3440 -based @entity6173 columns at three different pH-levels: 3, 7 and 11. The probes were @entity12323 (neutral), @entity12324 (acidic) and @entity1406 (basic). Adsorption isotherms were acquired over a broad concentration range, in order to detect both high and low energy sites. Before the choice of the proper adsorption isotherm model, the adsorption energy distribution (AED) was calculated yielding the number of different kinds of interaction sites between the solute and the stationary phase. The neutral probe was entirely unaffected by pH and its AED was unimodal (one site) indicating homogenous adsorption. For the acidic probe the interactions were unimodal at pH 3 where the probe is uncharged and at least bimodal (two sites) at pH 7 and 11 where the probe is charged. For the basic probe, the interactions were heterogeneous at both pH 3 and 11. The equilibrium constants of the high and low energy sites were different by a factor of 55-100 at pH 3 and only 6-7 at pH 11. The difference in saturation capacities between the two sites was much smaller at pH 11 where 20% of the total capacity is from the high energy site, as compared to pH 3 where the high energy site was only 2-5% of the total capacity. This explains why peaks of @entity4478 (basic solutes) tail at low pH while their peaks are symmetrical at alkaline pH. The Langmuir model fit the unimodal data and the bi-Langmuir model fit the bimodal AED data. The calculated band profiles based on these parameters agreed excellently with the experimental data. The electrostatic-modified Langmuir, on the other hand, did not describe this adsorption process well.

title: Thermodynamic characterization of separations on alkaline-stable XXXX -based @entity6173 columns: why basic solutes may have better capacity and peak performance at higher pH.

entities_list: @entity12323 :: ('MESH:C016655', 'Chemical') :: ['3-phenyl-1-propanol']

entities_list: @entity12324 :: ('MESH:C039714', 'Chemical') :: ['2-phenylbutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

answer: @entity3440 :: (MESH:D012822,Chemical) :: ['silica']


abstract: The effect of a change in cecal volume on gastric motility was studied in 24 h fasted @entity35 anesthetized with @entity4774 (0.8 g/kg, i.p.). A cecal volume increase from 1 to 10 ml (in 1 ml steps) produced a decrease in the basal tone of the stomach. The maximal inhibitory response was produced with an 8 to 10-ml increase in cecal volume. The gastric inhibitory response continued as long as the increased cecal volume was maintained. It was abolished by a combination of a splanchnicotomy and vagotomy, or only a splanchnicotomy in a few cases. The inhibition of gastric motility by increasing the cecal volume also occurred after severance of dorsal roots between T8 and L4 and gastric branches of vagus nerves. It is suggested that an increase in cecal volume induces gastric relaxation mainly via the splanchnico-splanchnic pathway and partly via the vago-vagal and vago-splanchnic pathways. Therefore, retardation in transit of the gastric contents in germ free @entity35 having an enlarged cecum may be attributed to an enhancement of the ceco-gastric inhibitory reflex. The ceco-gastric inhibitory response mediated by the splanchnic pathway was abolished by @entity2997 (3-5 mg/kg, i.v.), but the response mediated by the vagal pathway was resistant to @entity2997 as well as to @entity3897 (0.2 mg/kg, i.v.). This result indicates that splanchnic postganglionic efferents are adrenergic, while vagal postganglionic efferents are non-adrenergic and non-cholinergic.

title: The effect of cecal volume change on gastric motility in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity2997 :: ('MESH:D006145', 'Chemical') :: ['guanethidine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To critically review the potential role of monitoring technologies in the management of @entity649 , and specifically regarding monitoring of the general condition, respiratory system mechanics, severity scoring parameters, imaging, hemodynamic status, and specific weaning considerations. DESIGN: Consensus conference of experts in pediatric @entity647 . METHODS: A panel of 27 experts met over the course of 2 years to develop a @entity649 and to make recommendations regarding treatment and research priorities. The monitoring subgroup comprised two experts. When published data were lacking a modified Delphi approach, emphasizing strong professional agreement was used. RESULTS: The Pediatric @entity647 Consensus Conference experts developed and voted on a total of 151 recommendations addressing the topics related to @entity649 , 21 of which related to monitoring of a @entity1 with @entity649 . All 21 recommendations had agreement, with 19 (90%) reaching strong agreement. CONCLUSIONS: The Consensus Conference developed pediatric-specific recommendations related to monitoring @entity1 with @entity649 . These include interpreting monitored values such as tidal volume using predicted body weight, monitoring tidal volume at the end of the endotracheal tube in small @entity1 , and continuous monitoring of exhaled @entity544 in intubated @entity1 with @entity649 , among others. These recommendations for monitoring in @entity649 are intended to promote optimization and consistency of care for @entity1 with @entity649 and identify areas of uncertainty requiring further investigation.

title: Monitoring of XXXX With Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Proceedings From the Pediatric @entity647 Consensus Conference.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['taxonomy to define pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome', 'pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'Acute Lung Injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1125 have limitations in information about different location-related pathogenesis and clinico-pathological characteristics. The goal of this study was to investigate anatomical site-related similarities and differences in @entity1125 and to assess the expression and clinical significance of functional proteins such as @entity876 , @entity4910 , survivin, @entity1014 phosphorylase, and @entity11833 . METHODS: One hundred and sixty-one @entity1 with biliary tract @entity420 , who underwent curative or palliative surgery in a single institution between October 1994 and December 2003 were evaluated, retrospectively. The level of protein expression of @entity876 , @entity4910 , survivin, @entity1014 phosphorylase, and @entity11833 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: With respect to clinico-pathological characteristics, @entity1086 was more frequent in @entity1 , and @entity1126 was more common in @entity1 . Perineural invasion was more common in @entity1126 . Recurrence as a distant @entity3 was more common in @entity1086 . Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that @entity1014 phosphorylase expression was significantly higher in @entity1086 than in @entity1126 . Positive @entity1014 phosphorylase and @entity876 staining were associated with an advanced stage. Differentiation, vascular invasion, perineural invasion, lymphatic invasion, lymph node @entity3 , and @entity2802 stage independently predicted poor prognosis in @entity1125 . These correlations were seen more clearly in @entity1086 . The immunohistochemical staining patterns of @entity876 , @entity4910 , survivin, @entity1014 phosphorylase, and @entity11833 showed no prognostic significance in @entity1125 . CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that gallbladder and @entity1126 are considered to be separate diseases with different clinico-pathological characteristics and prognostic factors. In addition, we hypothesize that high expression of @entity1014 phosphorylase by @entity1086 results in a higher response rate to @entity416 by @entity1086 than @entity1126 .

title: Comparison of @entity1014 phosphorylase expression and prognostic factors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct cancer', 'bile duct cancers']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['biliary tract cancer', 'biliary tract cancers', 'Biliary tract cancers']

answer: @entity1126 :: (MESH:D001650,Disease) :: ['gallbladder and bile duct cancer']


abstract: @entity4681 ( @entity4681 ) places considerable burden upon @entity1 and caregivers. This is the first study, which describes the disability profile and healthcare needs for @entity1 with @entity4681 (pwMND) in an Australian sample from the perspective of the @entity1 and caregivers to identify current gaps in the knowledge and service provision. A prospective cross-sectional community survey of pwMND (n=44) and their caregivers (n=37) was conducted, to determine symptoms and problems affecting daily living. Standardized assessments were carried out to determine the disease severity for stratification purposes, service needs and gaps. The mean age was 61 years with more @entity1 affected than @entity1 (3 : 2). The severity of disease was high (n=18; 41%) based on the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale. Despite the high level of disability, 11 (25%) solely relied on their families for all assistance. Caregivers were mostly partners (mean age: 57 years). PwMND reported more @entity158 and @entity508 /cramps/ @entity2473 . Caregivers focused more on psychosocial issues. Nineteen (43%) pwMND reported gaps in the service in rehabilitation therapy and respite. Significantly proportionally, more caregivers (n=19; 51%) reported gaps particularly in the area of psychosocial support. The gaps identified in the @entity4681 care should be prioritized for future service development using the 'neuropalliative rehabilitation' model of care. For improved consensus of care and communication among treating clinicians, the framework of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health should be explored in this population.

title: XXXX : disability profile and service needs in an Australian cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['MND', 'Motor neurone disease']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain, emotional disturbance']

answer: @entity4681 :: (MESH:D016472,Disease) :: ['Motor neurone disease']


abstract: During the past three and half years, 19 @entity1 with @entity157 associated with @entity82 were operated on. @entity158 was present in seven @entity1 while 12 were asymptomatic. Alpha foeto-protein was negative in 7 @entity1 . Intraoperative ultrasonography was performed in the last 15 @entity1 . Three right hepatic resections, 5 left hepatic lobectomies and 11 segmentectomies or subsegmentectomies were performed. The operative mortality was 5 p. 100 (one @entity1 ). The long term survival in the 3 @entity1 who underwent palliative resection was 6 months. Among the 15 other @entity1 , four died from causes unrelated to their @entity5 ; three @entity1 with @entity5 larger than 8 cm died from recurrence 12 to 26 months after surgery; and the remaining 7 are still alive without evidence of recurrence 3 to 18 months after surgery. We concluded that in @entity1 with @entity82 , resection of limited @entity157 is possible, using intraoperative sonography, with low operative mortality. Early detection by repeated ultrasonic examination of the liver in @entity1 with @entity82 could be the best way to improve the surgical treatment of @entity157 .

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX in @entity82 . Value of peroperative ultrasonography].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']