abstract: A 23-year-old @entity1 was admitted because of an attack of @entity662 and dry cough. Chest roentogenogram showed a solitary pulmonary nodule in the left upper lobe. Chest CT showed a nodule and a small @entity1143 on the same side. Pulmonary @entity715 was diagnosed by pulmonary Ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy and pulmonary arteriography. @entity1150 was not detected except in a distal pulmonary artery. The solitary nodule disappeared spontaneously without thrombolytic therapy. An anticardiolipin antibody (IgG) test was positive. @entity1701 was diagnosed, because of the absence of physical findings suggesting other @entity1413 . Patients with @entity1701 have a high frequency of @entity358 that include @entity120 and @entity1151 . Most of the @entity1 with @entity1151 have @entity1150 , and @entity715 as seen in the present case is a rare complication.

title: [A case of @entity715 associated with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome', 'Primary antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'Deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'pulmonary vessel thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['collagen vascular diseases']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['primary antiphospholipid syndrome']


abstract: @entity1129 ( @entity1129 ) is a @entity74 that involves both the immune and nervous system; its pathogenesis is believed to be due to disturbances in DNA repair system. Because @entity1 are usually affected, reports concerning adult @entity1 are rare. In the present study, we performed comprehensive clinical, histological, and radiobiological examinations on two adult female siblings, currently 23 and 19 years old. The initial symptom was an @entity2055 , which began in the elder sister at the age of 20 and the younger sister at the age of 18. Both had mild @entity8721 in the bulbar conjunctiva and auricula. The neurological manifestations of both were gaze nystagmus, @entity6447 , @entity427 , and vibratory sensation disturbance. Only the elder sister showed stocking type sensory disturbance. The MRI of both @entity1 revealed @entity76 , especially in vermis. After either X-ray irradiation or @entity1732 treatment, fibroblast survival curve showed a marked, dose-dependent declined in both @entity1 compared with normal controls. Similar patterns were observed in both @entity1 . After @entity1732 treatment, no differences in the survival ratio of cultured fibroblasts could be found between these adult @entity1 and those observed in younger @entity1 with classic @entity1129 . Biopsied sural nerves showed a decrease in the number of large myelinated fibers, with a few myelinated axons having relatively thin myelin. There were severe @entity3202 changes, with regenerative myelinated fibers in the elder sister. In conclusion, both adult @entity1 with delayed onset @entity1129 displayed similar @entity1732 @entity56 in fibroblasts as would be expected in @entity1 with @entity1129 . Radiobiological examinations and sural nerve biopsy suggest that both disturbed cellular regeneration and @entity3202 process may play a role in the neural involvement in this disease.

title: [Histological and radiobiological study on adult cases with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disease']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['AT', 'Ataxia telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyporeflexia']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['ataxic gait']

answer: @entity1129 :: (MESH:D001260,Disease) :: ['ataxia telangiectasia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Interaction between the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) and the insulin-like growth factor receptor ( @entity2856 ) has been well established in many @entity5 types. We investigated the effects of cetuximab ( @entity470 antibody) and IMC-A12 ( @entity2856 antibody) on the response of @entity213 ( @entity213 ) to @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ). The effects of cetuximab and IMC-A12 on cell viability and radiosensitivity were determined by clonogenic cell survival assay. Formation of nuclear y- @entity6714 and @entity15664 foci was monitored by immunofluorescence. Alterations in target signaling were analyzed by Western blots. In vivo @entity5 growth delay assay was performed to determine the efficacy of triple therapy with IMC-A12, cetuximab, and @entity1161 . In vitro data showed that cetuximab differentially affected the survival and the radiosensitivity of @entity213 cells. Cetuximab suppressed DNA repair that was evident by the prolonged presence of nuclear y- @entity6714 and @entity15664 foci. IMC-A12 did not have any effect on the cell survival. However, it increased the radiosensitivity of one of the cell lines. @entity470 inhibition increased @entity2856 expression levels and also the association between @entity470 and @entity2856 . Addition of IMC-A12 to cetuximab did not increase the radiosensitivity of these cells. @entity5 xenografts exhibited enhanced response to @entity1161 in the presence of either cetuximab or IMC-A12. Concurrent treatment regimen failed to further enhance the @entity5 response to cetuximab and/or @entity1161 . Taken together our data suggest that concomitant inhibition of both @entity470 and @entity2856 pathways did not yield additional therapeutic benefit in overcoming resistance to @entity1161 .

title: Inhibition of @entity470 or XXXX signaling enhances radiation response in head and neck cancer models but concurrent inhibition has no added benefit.

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity2856 :: (3480,Gene) :: ['IGF-1R']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have shown that @entity75 in @entity716 might be progressive during the first years of illness. We sought to determine whether first-episode @entity716 (FEP) subjects show progressive regional grey matter (GM) changes compared with controls, and whether those changes are associated with diagnosis, illness course or antipsychotic (AP) use. Method. Thirty-two subjects with first-episode @entity161 -spectrum disorders (FESZ), 24 @entity1 with first-episode affective psychoses (FEAP) and 34 controls recruited using a population-based design underwent structural MRI scanning at baseline and at a 5-year follow-up. Regional GM volumes were assessed with voxel-based morphometry (VBM). @entity1 were treated at community settings, and about half of them remained mainly untreated. Results. No significant progressive changes in GM regional volumes were observed in either the FESZ or FEAP group overall. However, FESZ subjects with a non-remitting course showed GM decrements in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG) and insula relative to remitted FESZ subjects. Non-remitted FEAP subjects exhibited a GM decrease in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) bilaterally in comparison to remitted FEAP subjects. Among FESZ subjects, AP use was associated with regional GM decrements in the right insula and increments in the cerebellum. Conclusions. Our results suggest that the progression of @entity75 in FEP subjects is restricted to those with a poor outcome and differs between diagnosis subgroups. AP intake is associated with a different pattern of GM reductions over time.

title: What determines continuing grey matter changes in first-episode XXXX and @entity716 ?

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: From 1969 to 1979, 20 @entity1 with @entity1644 were treated with a syringosubarachnoid shunt. The principal indications for this procedure were: significant progressive @entity16 and absent or minimal @entity5326 . There were 15 @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1644 , four with @entity1644 , and one with @entity1644 secondary to @entity5942 . The operations were performed with an operating microscope, and attention was directed to preserving thearachnoid membrane to ensure proper placement of the distal end of the shunt in an intact subarachnoid space. In all cases, a silicone rubber ventricular catheter was inserted into the syrinx through a posterior midline myelotomy. The average follow-up period was 5 years. A favorable result was obtained in 15 of the 20 @entity1 (75%), including an excellent result with improvement of @entity51 in 11 @entity1 and a good result with cessation of progression in four @entity1 . In the remaining five @entity1 the result was poor with further progression of @entity51 . A short duration of preoperative symptoms was usually a favorable prognostic feature. Four @entity1 with a history of less than 6 months all had excellent results. Thirteen @entity1 had a syringosubarachnoid shunt only, and all had good or excellent results. Seven @entity1 had other surgical procedures, before, accompanying, or after shunt placement, and two had favorable results. Thus, the syringosubarachnoid shunt is an effective therapeutic modality for many @entity1 with @entity1644 , particularly if there is little or no tonsillar herniation.

title: Favorable results with syringosubarachnoid shunts for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic syringomyelia', 'syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity5326 :: ('MESH:D014067', 'Disease') :: ['tonsillar ectopia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity5942 :: ('MESH:C531624', 'Disease') :: ['spinal arachnoiditis']

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['syringomyelia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The " @entity3214 " may intensify dysfunction of the heart during @entity741 . The present research was undertaken to outline the effects of preischemic short-term @entity1954 (T3) administration on hemodynamic function and metabolism of the myocardium during reperfusion. MATERIAL/METHODS: Thirty-six isolated working @entity35 hearts were assigned to three experimental groups and a control group. The hearts were removed from the animals and perfused in the modified Langendorff model. They were subjected to 30 minutes of initial perfusion, 40 minutes of @entity63 , and 15 minutes of reperfusion. The experimental groups received 10 extra minutes of T3 administration followed by initial perfusion (concentration of T3 was: group 1-5.4 pmol/l, group 2-27 pmol/l, and group 3-54 pmol/l). Control hearts received perfusate without T3. We evaluated the postischemic recovery of left ventricular function (aortic pressures, heart rate, cardiac output), coronary flow, and @entity26 consumption. RESULTS: Progressive percentage of recovery of aortic systolic pressure, aortic mean pressure, and cardiac output with increasing concentration of T3 was observed. Cardiac output reached the best recovery in the group with the highest concentration of T3 (80.9+/-7.5%) and was significantly better in comparison with the control group and the other experimental groups. No significant differences in coronary flow and @entity26 consumption were noted. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1954 administered before @entity63 improves @entity1002 with no changes in @entity26 consumption and coronary flow.

title: Influence of preischemic short-term XXXX administration on hemodynamic function and metabolism of reperfused isolated @entity35 heart.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['postischemic left ventricular function']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3214 :: ('MESH:D005067', 'Disease') :: ['euthyroid sick syndrome']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['Triiodothyronine', 'triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1954 :: (MESH:D014284,Chemical) :: ['triiodothyronine']


abstract: @entity15265 ( @entity11003 ) is extremely rare. Only three cases have been reported to be cavernous sinus @entity11003 , and very few reports described characteristic findings for intracranial ALMs in detail. We report a new case of cavernous sinus @entity11003 , with detailed information on the clinical presentation, radiology, pathology, and surgical approach. A 52-year-old @entity1 had a 6-month history of right eye discomfort. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a right cavernous @entity5 with heterogenous blush enhancement. Enhanced computed tomography scans and angiography showed small nodular enhancement in the @entity5 . Complete @entity5 resection was achieved via an extradural temporopolar approach. @entity11003 was identified based on histologic examination. Intracranial ALMs are different from the ALMs that occur in the extremities based on our review of the literature. Intracranial ALMs appear more frequently in @entity1 than @entity1 . The cavernous type was the most common pathologically, and they occur often in the epiperidural location. Because cavernous sinus @entity11003 occurs in the interdural space, an epidural approach should be selected. Therefore, it is important to include cavernous sinus @entity11003 into a differential diagnosis of a cavernous @entity5 . The blush enhancement and nodular enhancement within this lesion may be useful to distinguish cavernous sinus @entity11003 from other differential diagnoses.

title: XXXX : case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity15265 :: ('MESH:D020226', 'Disease') :: ['Cavernous sinus angioleiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'sinus tumor']

answer: @entity15265 :: (MESH:D020226,Disease) :: ['Cavernous sinus angioleiomyoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Functional and quality-of-life outcomes of conservatively treated @entity6342 . DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: University orthopedic department at a hospital. @entity1 / @entity1 : Seventy consecutive @entity1 between the ages of 60 and 85 years. INTERVENTION: Conservative treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Functional outcome measured according to the Constant score, quality of life assessed using EuroQol-5D, and @entity174 pattern analyzed with x-ray and computed tomography scan. RESULTS: : All @entity174 consolidated uneventfully with no loss of reduction in either group. Four-part @entity174 obtained the worst functional results (33.66) followed by three-part @entity174 (54.64) and finally two-part @entity174 (65.88 and 71). Mild @entity158 was expected in three- and four-part @entity174 , whereas two-part @entity174 achieved near @entity158 relief. Nondisplaced @entity174 obtained a final Constant score of 73.58 and displaced @entity174 a score of 59.41 with significant differences in all Constant score items with the exception of external rotation. Although @entity1 older than 75 years scored lower (54.63) than those younger than 75 years (70.83), there was no difference in the quality-of-life perception. CONCLUSION: Conservative treatment of @entity6342 in those @entity1 older than age 75 years provides @entity158 relief with limited functional outcome. Despite limited functional outcome, this appears to have no effect on the quality-of-life perception in the population studied. Four-part @entity174 present the worst results and treatment options may need to be discussed with the @entity1 to adjust treatment to @entity1 expectations.

title: Functional and quality-of-life results of displaced and nondisplaced XXXX treated conservatively.

entities_list: @entity6342 :: ('MESH:D012784', 'Disease') :: ['proximal humeral fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['good pain', 'pain', 'complete pain']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity6342 :: (MESH:D012784,Disease) :: ['proximal humeral fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of peripheral nerve blocks in a case series of pregnant @entity1 with @entity2704 . METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all pregnant @entity1 treated with peripheral nerve blocks for @entity2704 over a 5-year period was performed. Injections targeted greater occipital, @entity8810 , supraorbital, and supratrochlear nerves using local anesthetics. RESULTS: Peripheral nerve blocks were performed 27 times in 13 pregnant @entity1 either in a single (n=6) or multiple (n=7) injection series. Mean @entity1 age was 28 years and gestational age was 23.5 weeks, and all @entity1 had @entity2704 , including 38.5% who had chronic @entity2704 . Peripheral nerve blocks were performed for status migrainosus (51.8%) or short-term prophylaxis of frequent @entity10 attacks (48.1%). Before peripheral nerve blocks were performed, oral medications failed for all @entity1 and intravenous medications failed for most. In @entity1 with status migrainosus, average @entity158 reduction was 4.0 (  2.6 standard deviation) (P<.001) immediately postprocedure and 4.0 (  4.4 standard deviation) (P=.007) 24 hours postprocedure in comparison to preprocedure @entity158 . For @entity1 receiving peripheral nerve blocks for short-term prophylaxis, immediate mean @entity158 score reduction was 3.0 (  2.1 standard deviation). No @entity1 had any serious immediate, procedurally related adverse events, and the two @entity1 who had no acute @entity158 reduction ultimately developed @entity1468 and had postpartum @entity10 resolution. CONCLUSION: Peripheral nerve blocks for treatment-refractory @entity2704 may be an effective therapeutic option in pregnancy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: : III.

title: Peripheral nerve blocks in the treatment of XXXX in pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8810 :: ('MESH:D013547', 'Disease') :: ['auriculotemporal']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['migraine']


abstract: Fractal dimension (FD) is a natural measure of the irregularity of a curve. In this study the performances of three waveform FD estimation algorithms (i.e. Katz's, Higuchi's and the k-nearest neighbour (k-NN) algorithm) were compared in terms of their ability to detect the onset of @entity302 in scalp electroencephalogram (EEG). The selection of parameters involved in FD estimation, evaluation of the accuracy of the different algorithms and assessment of their robustness in the presence of noise were performed based on synthetic signals of known FD. When applied to scalp EEG data, Katz's and Higuchi's algorithms were found to be incapable of producing consistent changes of a single type (either a drop or an increase) during @entity410 . On the other hand, the k-NN algorithm produced a drop, starting close to the @entity410 onset, in most @entity410 of all @entity1 . The k-NN algorithm outperformed both Katz's and Higuchi's algorithms in terms of robustness in the presence of noise and @entity410 onset detection ability. The @entity410 detection methodology, based on the k-NN algorithm, yielded in the training data set a sensitivity of 100% with 10.10 s mean detection delay and a false positive rate of 0.27 h(-1), while the corresponding values in the testing data set were 100%, 8.82 s and 0.42 h(-1), respectively. The above detection results compare favourably to those of other @entity410 onset detection methodologies applied to scalp EEG in the literature. The methodology described, based on the k-NN algorithm, appears to be promising for the detection of the onset of @entity302 based on scalp EEG.

title: Comparison of fractal dimension estimation algorithms for XXXX onset detection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'seizure']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic seizure']


abstract: To determine the prevalence of @entity627 in Chinese of Han nationality in the north and the south of China, samples of 4,192 adults in Beijing (north) and 5,057 in Shantou (south) area were studied. The same questionnaire was administered to each subject surveyed. Physical examinations were done in all who gave positive answers. For those who gave positive response to certain set of questions, blood antinuclear antibody and rheumatoid factor tests and radiographs of hand and/or sacroiliac joint were done. The prevalence of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) was 0.34% in the north (95% confidence interval 0.20-0.51) and 0.32% (0.95% CI 0.16-0.47) in the south and ankylosing spondilitis was noted in 0.26% of both samples (95% confidence interval in the north 0.11-0.42 and in the south 0.14-0.40). Only 3 cases of @entity1252 in the north and one in the south were identified. General @entity158 was reported more frequently in the north. Lumbar problems were recorded on examinations 5 times more commonly in the north than in the south ( @entity1 25.0% vs 5.3%, @entity1 38.0% vs 6.5%) and knee problems 10 times ( @entity1 24.0% vs 1.8%, @entity1 36.0% vs 3.4%) more commonly in the north; the difference was greatest in the age of 55-64. A further study in the south is planned to assess the contribution of inter-observer error and/or difference in cultural response to the north/south difference observed in the prevalence of general @entity615 . A search for environmental risk factors such as climate, diet, @entity528 would then be indicated to explain these differences.

title: [ XXXX in China].

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic symptoms and back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic pain']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration or overuse']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['definite rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['Rheumatic diseases']


abstract: CONTEXT: The Ober and Thomas tests are subjective and involve a "negative" or "positive" assessment, making them difficult to apply within the paradigm of evidence-based medicine. No authors have combined the subjective clinical assessment with an objective measurement for these special tests. OBJECTIVE: To compare the subjective assessment of iliotibial band and iliopsoas flexibility with the objective measurement of a digital inclinometer, to establish normative values, and to provide an evidence-based critical criterion for determining tissue tightness. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Clinical research laboratory. @entity1 OR OTHER @entity1 : Three hundred recreational athletes (125 @entity1 , 175 @entity1 ; 250 in injured group, 50 in control group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Iliotibial band and iliopsoas @entity121 were determined subjectively using the modified Ober and Thomas tests, respectively. Using a digital inclinometer, we objectively measured limb position. Interrater reliability for the subjective assessment was compared between 2 clinicians for a random sample of 100 injured @entity1 , who were classified subjectively as either negative or positive for iliotibial band and iliopsoas tightness. Percentage of agreement indicated interrater reliability for the subjective assessment. RESULTS: For iliotibial band flexibility, the average inclinometer angle was -24.59 degrees +/- 7.27 degrees . A total of 432 limbs were subjectively assessed as negative (-27.13 degrees +/- 5.53 degrees ) and 168 as positive (-16.29 degrees +/- 6.87 degrees ). For iliopsoas flexibility, the average inclinometer angle was -10.60 degrees +/- 9.61 degrees . A total of 392 limbs were subjectively assessed as negative (-15.51 degrees +/- 5.82 degrees ) and 208 as positive (0.34 degrees +/- 7.00 degrees ). The critical criteria for iliotibial band and iliopsoas flexibility were determined to be -23.16 degrees and -9.69 degrees , respectively. Between-clinicians agreement was very good, ranging from 95.0% to 97.6% for the Thomas and Ober tests, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Subjective assessments and instrumented measurements were combined to establish normative values and critical criterions for tissue flexibility for the modified Ober and Thomas tests.

title: Normative and critical criteria for iliotibial band and iliopsoas XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle flexibility']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle flexibility']


abstract: AIMS: we investigated the relationship between sublingual @entity2478 ( @entity2478 ) as a measure of tissue perfusion and outcome (i.e. occurrence of organ failure and mortality) in @entity1 with @entity1455 from @entity583 . METHODS AND RESULTS: we performed a prospective study in 68 @entity1 . Using Sidestream Dark Field imaging, @entity2478 was measured after hospital admission (T0, baseline) and 24 h later (T1). We compared @entity1 with baseline @entity2478  <= median to @entity1 with baseline @entity2478 > median. Sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores were calculated at both time points. The Kaplan-Meier 30-day survival analyses were performed and predictors of 30-day mortality were identified. The baseline @entity2478 was a predictor of the change in the SOFA score between T0 and T1 (/\SOFA;    = -0.25, P = 0.04). Organ failure recovered more frequently in @entity1 with @entity2478 > median (>10.3 mm mm(-2); n = 33) than in @entity1 with @entity2478  <= median (n = 35; 52 vs. 29%, P < 0.05). Twenty-two @entity1 (32%) died: 17 @entity1 (49%) with @entity2478  <= median vs. 5 @entity1 (15%) with @entity2478 > median (P = 0.004). After adjustment, the cardiac power index [odds ratio (OR): 0.48, 95% CI: 0.24-0.94) and @entity2478 (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.45-0.92) remained significant predictors of 30-day outcome. @entity1 with baseline sublingual @entity2478  <= median that improved at T1 had a considerable better prognosis relative to @entity1 who had a persistently low @entity2478 . CONCLUSION: diminished sublingual @entity2478 , at baseline or following treatment, is associated with development of @entity881 and is a predictor of poor outcome in @entity1 with @entity583 complicated by @entity1455 .

title: Impaired microcirculation predicts poor outcome of @entity1 with XXXX complicated by @entity1455 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['perfused capillary density', 'PCD']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multi-organ failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: It was the aim of this prospective study to analyze the efficacy of the Surgisis AFP anal fistula plug and the Surgisis mesh for the closure of complex @entity292 in @entity30 . METHODS: All @entity1 with perianal @entity30 suffering from transsphincteric and @entity3622 who underwent surgery using the Surgisis anal fistula plug or the Surgisis mesh were prospectively enrolled in this study. Inclusion criteria included transsphincteric single-tract @entity292 and @entity3622 . Surgery was performed using a standardized technique, including irrigation of the fistula tract, placement and internal fixation of the Surgisis anal fistula plug, and combined transanal/transvaginal excision of @entity3622 with transvaginal placement of the mesh. Success was defined as closure of both @entity365 , absence of drainage without further intervention, and absence of @entity733 formation. Follow-up information was obtained from clinical examination 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Within the observation period, a total of 16 procedures were performed. After a mean follow-up of 9 months and 1 @entity1 lost to follow-up, the overall success rate was 75%. For transsphincteric @entity292 , the success rate was 77%, whereas it was 66% in @entity3622 associated with @entity30 . All 4 @entity1 with failure had reoperation. Rate of stoma reversal in those @entity1 who had fecal diversion was 66%. No deterioration of continence was documented. CONCLUSION: The short-term success rates are promising. Further analysis is needed to explain the definite role of this technique in comparison with traditional surgical techniques.

title: Preliminary results on efficacy in closure of transsphincteric and @entity3622 associated with XXXX using new biomaterials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3622 :: ('MESH:D012006', 'Disease') :: ['rectovaginal fistulas', 'rectovaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['internal and external (perianal or vaginal) openings']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: A central question in insect chemoreception is whether signaling occurs via G-proteins. Two families of seven-transmembrane-domain chemoreceptors, the odor (Or) and gustatory receptor (Gr) families, have been identified in @entity238 (Clyne et al., 1999, 2000; Vosshall et al., 1999). Ors mediate odor responses, whereas two @entity23649 , @entity12383 and @entity12384 , mediate @entity515 response (Hallem et al., 2004; Jones et al., 2007; Kwon et al., 2007). Using single-sensillum recordings, we systematically investigate the role of @entity23650 proteins in vivo, initially with RNA interference constructs, competitive peptides, and constitutively active @entity23650 proteins. The results do not support a role for @entity23650 proteins in odor sensitivity. In parallel experiments, manipulations of @entity23650 (q), but not other @entity23650 proteins, affected @entity515 response. Transient, conditional, and ectopic expression analyses consistently supported a role for @entity23650 (q) in the response of @entity515 -sensing neurons, but not odor-sensing neurons. Genetic mosaic analysis confirmed that odor responses are normal in the absence of @entity23650 (q). @entity23651 is also required for normal @entity515 response. The simplest interpretation of these results is that @entity23650 (q) and @entity23651 play a role in the response of @entity515 -sensing neurons, but are not required for Or-mediated odor signaling.

title: Role of G-proteins in odor-sensing and @entity515 -sensing neurons in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: A simple method for biological assay of dermatan @entity597 (DS) in plasma is described. DS accelerates @entity556 inhibition by @entity6637 ( @entity6637 ). The principle of the assay is to measure the residual amidolytic @entity556 activity after a short period of incubation with @entity6637 in defibrinated plasma at low ionic strength. For this method we take advantage of two observations. Firstly, at fixed concentrations of DS and of @entity6637 , the rate of @entity556 inhibition increases when the ionic strength of the medium decreases. Secondly, defibrination by @entity6638 absorption also removes antithrombin III, @entity6637 and for a large part @entity5843 from the plasma, so that no other @entity556 inhibitor competes with @entity6637 added as a reagent in a second step. In the conditions described, there is a linear relationship between DS concentrations in plasma from 0 to 2 micrograms/ml and the log of residual @entity556 activity. The limit of sensitivity is 0.1 micrograms/ml. The assay displays an acceptable reproducibility in intra-assay, inter-assay and inter-individual experiments. It can be used to measure DS in @entity1 , @entity95 and @entity35 plasmas. The assay is also sensitive to other @entity6637 activators such as heparin and pentosan polysulfate. DS is effective in experimental @entity715 without any detectable anticoagulant effect ex vivo. Pharmacological concentrations of DS in plasma fall into the range of sensitivity of this assay, which would be helpful in experimental or clinical studies of DS and related glycosaminoglycans.

title: A simple method to measure dermatan XXXX at sub-microgram concentrations in plasma.

entities_list: @entity5843 :: ('2', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-2 macroglobulin']

entities_list: @entity6637 :: ('3053', 'Gene') :: ['HC II', 'heparin cofactor II']

entities_list: @entity6638 :: ('MESH:D001546', 'Chemical') :: ['bentonite']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity597 :: (CHEBI:16189,Chemical) :: ['sulfate']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity420 is becoming increasingly recognized as a prognostically important histological subtype of @entity189 in various organs. This report presents the clinicopathological findings of @entity2220 with micropapillary components. METHODS: A total of 15 @entity1 with micropapillary components were selected between April 2005 and December 2008. The results of their clinical presentation, @entity3 to lymph nodes, @entity3 , pathological stage, and clinical outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: In all, 12 @entity1 underwent a lobectomy or bilobectomy with a regional lymph node dissection; 8 showed @entity3 to the regional lymph nodes at the time of the operation. Altogether, 14 of 15 cases showed @entity3 ; 10 cases were up-staged after the operation because of lymph node @entity3 or @entity3 . The duration of follow-up ranged from 1 to 42 months (median 16 months). Seven @entity1 are alive without disease, whereas seven are alive with disease and one @entity1 died of disease. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the micropapillary components are a manifestation of @entity146 , as shown by the frequent lymph node @entity3 and @entity3 . Surgeons should search more carefully for @entity3 and conduct a closer follow-up on these @entity1 when this feature is present with @entity2220 .

title: XXXX with micropapillary components.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Micropapillary adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases', 'lymphovascular invasion', 'pleural invasion']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinomas', 'lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['Lung adenocarcinomas']


abstract: A mutation causing resistance to @entity505 catabolite repression in gene @entity16712 , mutant allele @entity16712 -3, causes an extreme sensitivity to @entity7969 when in combination with the genes necessary for @entity7969 metabolism. This provided a convenient system for the selective isolation of mutations in genes specifically required for @entity7969 metabolism and other genes involved in general @entity505 catabolite repression. In addition to reversion of the @entity16712 -3 allele, mutations in three other genes were detected. These genes were called CAT1, @entity16713 , and MUR1 and in a mutated form abolished @entity7969 inhibition caused by mutant allele @entity16712 -3. Mutant alleles cat1 and @entity16713 also restored normal repression in the presence of the @entity16712 -3 allele. Segregants having only mutant alleles cat1 or @entity16713 were obtained by tetrad analysis. These segregants could not grow on nonfermentable @entity505 sources. Mutant alleles of gene CAT1 were allelic to a mutant allele cat1-1 previously isolated (Zimmermann et al., Mol. Gen. Genet. 151:95-103). Such mutants prevented derepression not only of the @entity7969 catabolizing system, the selected property, but also of @entity11571 shunt and gluconeogenic enzymes. However, respiratory activities and invertase formation were not affected under derepressing conditions. @entity16713 mutants had the same phenotypic properties as cat1 mutants. This showed that @entity505 metabolism in @entity375 cells is under a very complex and ramified control of repressing and derepressing genes, which are interdependent.

title: New genes involved in XXXX catabolite repression and derepression in the @entity375 @entity375 .

entities_list: @entity11571 :: ('MESH:C031150', 'Chemical') :: ['glyoxylate']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low level laser therapy (LLLT) has been used clinically in order to treat @entity32 , where tissue and @entity11629 have crucial importance. @entity11629 ( @entity11629 ) is synthesized by the hepatocytes and secreted into the bloodstream, where it participates in the surface-dependent activation of @entity1003 , fibrinolysis, kinin generation and @entity32 . Tissue prekallikrein is associated with important disease states (including @entity5 , @entity32 , and @entity179 ) and has been utilized or proposed as clinically important biomarker or therapeutic target of interest. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if LLLT modulates tissue and plasma prekallikreins mRNA expression in the carrageenan-induced @entity35 paw @entity4 . METHODS: Experimental groups were assigned as followed: @entity11630 (Control-saline), @entity5057 (Carrageenan-only), @entity11631 (laser 660 nm only) and A(4) (Carrageenan + laser 660 nm). @entity4 was measured by a plethysmometer. Subplantar tissue was collected for the quantification of prekallikreins mRNA by Real time-Polymerase Chain Reaction. RESULTS: A significantly decrease in the @entity4 was observed after laser irradiation. Expression of prekallikreins increased after carrageenan injection. Tissue and @entity11629 mRNA expression significantly decreased after LLLT's 660 nm wavelength. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that expression of tissue and plasma prekallikreins is modulated by LLLT, which can be used in clinical practice due to its anti-inflammatory effects.

title: Inhibition of carrageenan-induced expression of tissue and plasma prekallikreins mRNA by low level laser therapy in a @entity35 paw XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'Edema']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity11629 :: ('25048(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Plasma prekallikrein', 'plasma prekallikrein', 'PPK']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['edema']


abstract: Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) can be generated in experimental shock states through several different mechanisms. We measured ROS production in metabolically active liver mitochondria from @entity35 rendered septic by cecal ligation and puncture. By polarography, the State 4 and State 3 respiration rates of liver mitochondria isolated from septic animals were no different from control organelles. During oxidation of succinate, however, nonenzymatic hydroxylation of @entity3785 to @entity3786 by mitochondria from septic @entity35 was increased, indicating generation of @entity3787 radical ( @entity2145 .). Inhibition of electron transport at Complex I with @entity3788 had no effect on this pattern of @entity2145 production, but @entity3788 and @entity3789 abolished the differences in @entity2145 . formation between control and septic liver mitochondria. Measurements of @entity274 release suggested that septic mitochondria will increase rates of @entity274 production in the presence of succinate. Additional investigations revealed no difference in the release of @entity68 between septic and control mitochondria. When referenced to respiration rate, both @entity2145 . and @entity274 production were greater in septic liver mitochondria. The reproducible effect of @entity295 on generation of reactive @entity26 species by liver mitochondria utilizing FAD-linked but not @entity2125 -linked substrates suggests that enhanced mitochondrial oxidative stress in @entity295 is related to alterations in the activity of Complex II of the electron transport chain.

title: Reactive @entity26 species produced by liver mitochondria of @entity35 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity3788 :: ('MESH:D012402', 'Chemical') :: ['rotenone']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity3789 :: ('CHEBI:17514', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanide']

entities_list: @entity3786 :: ('MESH:C009135|MESH:C492493', 'Chemical') :: ['2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: Microorganisms in nature often live in surface-associated sessile communities, encased in a self-produced matrix, referred to as biofilms. Biofilms have been well studied in bacteria but in a limited way for archaea. We have recently characterized biofilm formation in three closely related hyperthermophilic crenarchaeotes: @entity10782 , @entity12204 , and @entity12205 . These strains form different communities ranging from simple carpet structures in @entity12204 to high density tower-like structures in @entity10782 under static condition. Here, we combine spectroscopic, proteomic, and transcriptomic analyses to describe physiological and regulatory features associated with biofilms. Spectroscopic analysis reveals that in comparison to planktonic life-style, biofilm life-style has distinctive influence on the physiology of each @entity12205 spp. Proteomic and transcriptomic data show that biofilm-forming life-style is strain specific (eg ca. 15% of the @entity10782 genes were differently expressed, @entity12204 and @entity12205 had ~3.4 and ~1%, respectively). The -omic data showed that regulated ORFs were widely distributed in basic cellular functions, including surface modifications. Several regulated genes are common to biofilm-forming cells in all three species. One of the most striking common response genes include putative Lrs14-like transcriptional regulators, indicating their possible roles as a key regulatory factor in biofilm development.

title: Macromolecular fingerprinting of XXXX species in biofilm: a transcriptomic and proteomic approach combined with spectroscopic analysis.

entities_list: @entity10782 :: ('2285', 'Species') :: ['S. acidocaldarius', 'Sulfolobus acidocaldarius']

entities_list: @entity12205 :: ('111955', 'Species') :: ['S. tokodaii', 'Sulfolobus']

entities_list: @entity12204 :: ('2287', 'Species') :: ['S. solfataricus']

answer: @entity12205 :: (111955,Species) :: ['sulfolobus']


abstract: The present study examines the severity of @entity1510 -precipitated opiate withdrawal in @entity1286 -pelleted @entity35 and @entity19 . Animals were chronically pretreated with either saline, @entity3175 , @entity109 or @entity4944 for 8 days prior to withdrawal precipitation. Indicators of withdrawal were changes in plasma @entity2819 in @entity35 and jumping behavior in @entity19 . The use of chronic intravenous catheters in @entity35 and one-way vision boxes allowed for serial blood sampling and sequential hormone determinations. @entity4784 was established by the subcutaneous implantation of a 75-mg @entity1286 pellet 72 h prior to withdrawal precipitation. All pretreated groups of @entity35 with @entity1286 pellets showed a substantial elevation of plasma @entity2819 following the injection of @entity1510 (0.4 mg/kg, i.v.). Those with @entity1132 pellets showed little change. The group pretreated with @entity109 showed a lower, more attenuated withdrawal response as compared to saline or the other pretreated groups. The responsiveness of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis to ether stress was evaluated. This was found to be unaffected by chronic @entity109 suggesting that the drug may have a more specific effect on opiate dependence/withdrawal mechanisms. Similar studies in @entity19 showed no differences in ED50 for @entity1510 -induced jumping behavior in any of the pretreatment groups.

title: Effects of chronic treatment with XXXX , @entity109 , or @entity4944 on @entity1510 -precipitated @entity1286 withdrawal.

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['Opiate dependence']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

answer: @entity3175 :: (MESH:D003975,Chemical) :: ['diazepam']


abstract: Recent studies have shown that @entity561 ( @entity16292 ) enhances the osteogenesis of osteoblasts and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. In this study, we hypothesize that @entity16292 may act as an osteo-inductive factor to stimulate the osteogenic differentiation of @entity1 adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) for bone regeneration. The in vitro effect of @entity16292 (1-10  M) on the osteogenic ability of hADSCs was evaluated by examining mineralization and @entity623 ( @entity623 ) activity. @entity1841 ( @entity1841 ) expression was measured using a real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Our results indicated that 5  M @entity16292 was sufficient to enhance @entity1841 expression, @entity623 activity and mineralization in hADSCs. The in vivo effect of locally administered @entity16292 on bone repair was examined in a @entity35 critical-sized (7-mm) calvarial defect that was implanted with a hADSC-seeded @entity7050 ( @entity7050 ) scaffold. @entity16292 (5  M/100  l/day) was injected locally into the defect site for one week. New bone formation was evaluated by radiographic and histological analyses at 8 and 12 weeks post-implantation. The expression levels of @entity1 @entity1841 ( @entity1841 ) and hADSC localization in defect sites were examined using immunohistochemistry analysis and fluorescent in situ hybridization, respectively. Results showed that local treatment of @entity16292 on hADSC-seeded @entity7050 scaffolds at week 12 had a maximal effect on bone regeneration, enhancing mineralization and bone matrix formation. In addition, hADSCs and @entity1841 were also detected at the defect sites. These results demonstrated that local delivery of @entity16292 , a potent osteo-inductive factor, enhances hADSC osteogenesis and bone regeneration.

title: The effect of the local delivery of XXXX on @entity1 adipose-derived stem cell-based bone regeneration.

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['BMP2', 'Bone morphogenetic protein 2', 'hBMP2']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['alendronate']

entities_list: @entity7050 :: ('MESH:C043435', 'Chemical') :: ['PLGA', 'poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

answer: @entity561 :: (MESH:D019386,Chemical) :: ['alendronate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the outcome of linac-based fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy over the last 10 years for intracranial skull base @entity1653 in @entity1 who were inoperable, who had @entity41 with some components of high mitotic index after surgery and who experienced relapse of the @entity5 . METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 with intracranial skull base @entity1653 treated with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-seven cases were diagnosed as @entity1653 on pathological (17 cases) or radiological (10 cases) examination. The median follow-up time was 90 months after initial treatment and 63 months after fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy. The median biological equivalent dose calculated using an a/b ratio of 2.0 Gy was 82.0 Gy (range, 60-106 Gy). RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival was 95.7 (95% confidence interval: 87.3-100)% after initial treatment and 96.2 (88.8-100)% after fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy. The 5-year overall survival and local control rate of @entity1 who received fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy alone were both 100%. The 5-year progression-free survival and local control rate after fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy were all 100% with a @entity5 volume of <9.1 cc and 68.2 (37.2-99.2) and 75.8 (45.2-100)% for the @entity5 9.1 cc, respectively. The difference was significant in progression-free survival (P = 0.022) and local control rate (P = 0.044). The local control rate was significantly worse in @entity1 who received fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for relapsed @entity5 (P = 0.01). No late radiation damage was observed in the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term outcome suggests that fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy is a safe and effective treatment for intracranial skull base @entity1653 , especially for those who have @entity5 <9.1 cc or would receive fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy with or without surgery as the initial treatment.

title: Long-term outcomes of fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for intracranial skull base XXXX in single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['benign meningioma', 'benign meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['benign meningiomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One of the long-term complications of laparoscopic Roux-and-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) is the development of @entity10189 ( @entity10189 ). The aim of the present study is to assess the incidence, risk factors, symptomatology and management of @entity1 with symptomatic @entity10189 after LRYGB surgery. METHODS: A consecutive series of @entity1 who underwent a LRYGB from 2006 until 2011 were evaluated in this study. Signs of @entity490 , @entity11068 , @entity390 or other symptoms of @entity1066 were analysed. Acute symptoms of (perforated) @entity10189 such as severe @entity490 , @entity391 , melena and haematemesis were also collected. @entity1 baseline characteristics, medication and intoxications were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with @entity10189 . RESULTS: A total of 350 @entity1 underwent a LRYGB. Minimal follow-up was 24 months. Twenty-three @entity1 (6.6%) developed a symptomatic @entity10189 of which four (1.1%) presented with perforation. Smoking, the use of corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was significantly associated with the development of @entity10189 . Five out of 23 @entity1 (22%) underwent surgery. All other @entity1 could be treated conservatively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10189 occurred in 6.6% of the @entity1 after a LRYGB. Smoking, the use of @entity288 and the use of NSAIDs were associated with an increased risk of @entity10189 . Most @entity1 were managed conservatively.

title: Symptomatic marginal XXXX after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: incidence, risk factors and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['marginal ulcers', 'Marginal ulcers', 'MU']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This report presents urinary @entity1496 (UI) concentrations for the general U.S. population during 2005-2006 and 2007-2008. These findings are the fourth and fifth assessments of the population since National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (1988-1994), when the median UI concentration for the population decreased from NHANES I (1971-1974). METHODS: During 2005-2006 and 2007-2008, ~ 5000 @entity1 per year were selected to participate in NHANES. The @entity1 were interviewed and examined. UI concentration was measured on a random one third subsample of 2649 @entity1 , aged 6 years and older in 2005-2006, and in all @entity1 in 2007-2008. These urine @entity1496 concentrations are representative of the general U.S. population by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. RESULTS: (i) The median UI concentrations for the general U.S. population in 2005-2006 and 2007-2008 were 164 mg/L (95% confidence interval [CI] 154-174) and 164 mg/L (95% CI 154-173), respectively. Also, the proportions of the population with a UI concentration of < 50 mg/L during these survey periods were 9.8%    1.3% and 8.8%    0.4%, respectively. The median UI concentration and prevalence of >=  200 mg/L appeared to be higher in @entity1 and @entity1 >=  70 years than in other age groups. (ii) In both surveys, @entity1 aged 6-11 years had median UI concentrations of >=  200 mg/L, and about 5% of them had a UI concentration of < 50 mg/L. (iii) All pregnant @entity1 (sample size 184) surveyed during 2005-2008 had a median UI concentration of 125 mg/L (95% CI 86-198), and 56.9%    7.9% of this group had a UI concentration of < 150 mg/L. UI concentrations were lower among @entity7864 survey @entity1 than non-Hispanic white and Mexican-American @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings affirm the stabilization of UI concentration and adequate @entity1496 nutrition in the general U.S. population since 2000. However, certain groups likely do not achieve a sufficient dietary @entity1496 intake according to the World Health Organization. The needs of these vulnerable groups and the inadequacy of their dietary @entity1496 intake should be addressed in future efforts.

title: XXXX status of the U.S. population, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005   2006 and 2007   2008.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'children', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity7864 :: ('MESH:D055008', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hispanic black']

answer: @entity1496 :: (MESH:D007455,Chemical) :: ['Iodine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine differences in rehabilitation outcomes for older @entity1 with a nontraumatic @entity1566 (NT-SCI) for 5 etiologic diagnoses: degenerative @entity66 (DSD), malignant @entity5 , @entity63 , and spinal abscess. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study that used Medicare claims and assessment data. SETTING: A total of 479 inpatient rehabilitation hospitals and units. @entity1 : A total of 1780 Medicare beneficiaries (65-74 years old) with incomplete @entity451 attributable to NT-SCI who were discharged from inpatient rehabilitation facilities from 2002 through 2005. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Length of stay, discharge @entity177 ( @entity177 ) instrument motor item and subscale scores, and discharge destination. RESULTS: Demographic characteristics varied by etiology group. Mean +/- SD rehabilitation stays ranged from 13.3 +/- 7.7 days for DSD to 26.4 +/- 13.4 days for @entity63 . Adjusted data showed stays differed (P < .001) across etiology groups. Adjusted discharge mean self-care and mobility subscores revealed that @entity1 with DSD and @entity5 were more independent (P < .001) than @entity1 with a @entity5 or spinal abscess. @entity1 with @entity63 were more dependent (P < .01) in mobility than the DSD and @entity5 groups. Etiologic differences (P < .01) in independence in discharge @entity177 modifiers for walking ( @entity177 > or = 4), bladder ( @entity177 > or = 6) and bowel management ( @entity177 > or = 6) and bowel accidents/continence ( @entity177 > or = 6), but not bladder accidents ( @entity177 > or = 6), were present. The percent of @entity1 discharged to a community residence ranged from 59.3% to 92.6%. Adjusted data showed that significantly larger percentages (P < .01) of @entity1 in the DSD and @entity5 groups than in the spinal abscess group were discharged to a community residence (versus nursing home). CONCLUSION: There are etiologic differences in demographics, rehabilitation length of stay, functional outcomes, and discharge destination in elderly @entity1 with NT-SCI.

title: Effects of etiology on inpatient rehabilitation outcomes in 65- to 74-year-old XXXX with incomplete @entity451 from a nontraumatic @entity1566 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['spinal disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['vascular ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumor', 'spinal tumor, benign spinal tumor', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FIM', 'Functional Independence Measure']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Forty-seven @entity1 with @entity2622 were examined in order to correlate @entity1082 ) types with prognostic factors in @entity3 . Age, clinical stage, histological type, and grade and parity were analysed with respect to HPV status as determined by a general primer mediated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or a type specific PCR. All but one sample (98%) harboured HPV sequences: @entity1799 was found in 26 cases (55%), HPV 18 in 19 cases (40%), and HPV 31 in 1 case. The presence of HPV 18 DNA was significantly associated with @entity5 developed below 40 years of age (P = 0.029). HPV 18 detection was associated with poor differentiation @entity5 (P = 0.045) and histological types of poor prognosis ( @entity420 or nondifferentiated @entity189 ; P = 0.006). HPV 18 positivity was also correlated with advanced clinical stages (FIGO II and III; P = 0.032). Parity and HPV status proved to be independent of each other (P approximately 0.99). Eighty-seven percent (27/31) of pelvic lymph nodes from HPV positive @entity1 contained HPV DNA. The virus types found in lymph nodes were identical with those of the @entity5 in all cases. Virological results were compared to those obtained by routine histological examination. Only 6 of 27 @entity1 with HPV positive lymph nodes had any histological evidence of @entity3 . Nevertheless, the lack of @entity3 as detected by histology does not exclude the possibility of relapses. Follow-up of the clinical prognostic significance of PCR detection of HPV in the possible sites of early metastases.

title: Correlation of XXXX and 18 with prognostic factors in @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumours', 'cancers', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'invasive cervical neoplasias']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1799 :: (333760,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus 16']


abstract: AIMS: To determinate the topographical distribution of key diagnostic histological features of @entity11162 ( @entity11162 ) and @entity4143 ( @entity4143 ) and to establish what correlations may exist between the histological findings and the causes and severity of MC. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with MC were included in a prospective multicentre French study from September 2010 to October 2012. MC was diagnosed by performing total colonoscopy with multiple biopsies of the rectum and colon collected in separate jars and analyzed separately for each site (descending and sigmoid colon, transverse colon, ascending colon). @entity4143 was defined as a subepithelial collagen layer>10 m thick and @entity11162 as an intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) count>20 lymphocytes per 100 epithelial cells without any associated thickening of the subepithelial collagen. RESULTS: Ninety-five @entity1 , 69 with @entity11162 26 and with @entity4143 , were included in the analysis. The sensitivity of the biopsies for diagnosing MC was maximum in the transverse colon and minimum in the rectum. Rectal and left colonic biopsies resulted in the diagnosis of @entity4143 and CL in 93% and 94% of cases, respectively. All the remaining cases of MC were diagnosed by performing additional biopsies beyond the splenic flexure. In @entity1 with @entity11162 , a higher rate of IELs was associated with the absence of @entity490 (P=0.01) and a shorter duration of @entity294 (P=0.001). In @entity1 with @entity4143 , a lower level of collagen thickness in the basement membrane was associated with the presence of an @entity792 (P=0.02). CONCLUSION: More than 90% of cases of @entity3178 were diagnosed in this study by performing rectal and left colonic biopsies.

title: Over 90% of cases of XXXX can be diagnosed by performing a short colonoscopy.

entities_list: @entity11162 :: ('MESH:D046730', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic colitis', 'LC']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity3178 :: ('MESH:D046728', 'Disease') :: ['microscopic colitis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity4143 :: ('MESH:D046729', 'Disease') :: ['collagenous colitis', 'CC']

answer: @entity3178 :: (MESH:D046728,Disease) :: ['Microscopic Colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infliximab is successfully used to treat @entity1569 and @entity5144 . However, some @entity1 lose therapeutic response after several cycles. Antibodies to infliximab (infliximab-Abs) are induced during treatment in a subgroup of @entity1 and are thought to be associated with loss of response (LOR). Routine screening for infliximab-Abs is expensive and not regularly performed. A reliable and affordable method for identifying @entity1 who are at risk for LOR to infliximab is desirable. OBJECTIVES: To analyse the development of antinuclear antibodies (ANA)/antidouble-stranded DNA antibodies (anti-dsDNA) over time in @entity1 with @entity1569 receiving infliximab. To analyse if there is an association between ANA titres/anti-dsDNA concentrations, infliximab-Ab status and LOR. METHODS: A retrospective data analysis of 29 @entity1 with @entity1569 receiving infliximab was carried out. ANA titres and anti-dsDNA concentrations were regularly monitored in these @entity1 and sera were tested for infliximab-Abs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Median ANA titres increased from 1 : 80 [interquartile range (IQR) 0 to 1 : 320, n = 29] pretreatment, to 1 : 1280 (IQR 1 : 640 to 1 : 1920, n = 15) after infusion 10, and 1 : 1920 (IQR 1 : 1280 to 1 : 2560, n = 10) after infusion 20. Infliximab-Abs were found in 21% of @entity1 . Infliximab-Ab-positive @entity1 and @entity1 with LOR had significantly higher pretreatment anti-dsDNA concentrations and higher pretreatment ANA titres than infliximab-Ab-negative and responsive @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest a role for autoantibodies in the identification of @entity1 with @entity1569 at higher risk of developing infliximab-Abs and of LOR under treatment with infliximab.

title: Autoantibodies in XXXX as predictors for loss of response and anti-infliximab antibody induction.

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of nepafenac 0.10% in achieving and maintaining @entity384 with the effectiveness of @entity8726 0.03% and a placebo in a @entity95 model. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. DESIGN: Laboratory study. METHODS: Adult pigmented @entity95 were randomized to 3 equal-sized groups: placebo, @entity8726 , and nepafenac. @entity231 surgery was performed in randomized order by a surgeon who was masked to group assignment. The treatment or placebo was administered starting 1 day before surgery. @entity2647 10.0% was administered starting 30 minutes before surgery. Phacoemulsification was performed in standard fashion. Pupil measurements were recorded before and after surgery. A linear mixed model with a random effect for the @entity95 and a fixed effect for the treatment groups was used to compare mean pupil diameters between groups. RESULTS: Baseline pupil measurements were similar between the placebo, @entity8726 , and nepafenac groups. @entity384 was statistically significantly greater in the nepafenac group (mean 11.5 mm    0.5 [SD]) than in the placebo group (mean 10.2    1.1 mm) and the @entity8726 group (mean 9.9    1.1 mm) (P<.005 and P<.001, respectively). The greater dilation was maintained at the end of surgery, at which time the nepafenac group had statistically significantly larger pupils (mean 9.4    1.2 mm) than the placebo group (mean 7.9    0.6 mm) and the @entity8726 group (mean 8.5    0.9 mm) (P<.001 and P<.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity21389 was more effective than a placebo and @entity8726 in achieving maximum preoperative and postoperative pupil @entity5564 in @entity95 .

title: Nepafenac-assisted @entity5564 in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative pupil dilation', 'pupil dilation']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity21389 :: ('MESH:C414203', 'Chemical') :: ['Nepafenac']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity5564 :: ('MESH:D015878', 'Disease') :: ['mydriasis']

entities_list: @entity8726 :: ('MESH:D005480', 'Chemical') :: ['flurbiprofen']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The right internal thoracic artery (RITA) is biologically identical to the left ITA, yet is rarely used in coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). We examined the results and long-term patency of RITA grafts. METHODS: Between 1986 and 2008, 991 consecutive RITA graft angiograms for @entity299 were evaluated by two independent observers. Grafts were considered nonpatent if they had a greater than 80% stenosis, string sign, or total occlusion. Patency was examined over time by coronary territory, whether in situ or free RITA, and compared with other conduits. Clinical results were collected prospectively and by the National Death Index. RESULTS: A total of 5,766 @entity1 had a RITA graft as part of a bilateral ITA CABG procedure. Operative mortality was 1.1%; deep sternal infection 1.5%. Of 7,780 coronary conduits studied, 991 RITA conduits were examined; a mean of 100  60 months postoperatively (1 to 288 months). Overall ten-year RITA patency was 90%. The RITA graft patency to the @entity6128 ( @entity6128 ; n=149) was 95% at 10 years and 90% at 15 years. Ten-year RITA patency to the circumflex marginal (Cx; n=436) was 91%, right coronary artery (n=199) was 84% (p<0.001), and posterior descending artery (n=207) was 86%. Ten-year RITA and LITA patencies to the @entity6128 were identical (95% vs 96%) and to the Cx (91% vs 89%), respectively. In situ RITA (n=450) and free RITA (n=541) had similar ten-year patencies (89% vs 91%; p=0.44). The RITA patency was always better than the radial artery (p<0.01) and saphenous vein grafts (p<0.001). Atheromatous changes were not seen in the RITA angiograms. Ten-year survival of @entity1 with RITA and LITA for @entity301 was 89%. CONCLUSIONS: Late patencies of RITA are excellent, equivalent to the LITA for identical territories, always better than radial arteries and saphenous vein grafts, and remain free of @entity1856 . Use of RITA in addition to LITA is associated with excellent survival in @entity301 . More extensive use of the RITA in CABG is recommended.

title: The right internal thoracic artery: the forgotten conduit--5,766 XXXX and 991 angiograms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['triple-vessel coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity6128 :: ('MESH:D020243', 'Disease') :: ['left anterior descending artery', 'LAD']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative cardiac symptoms']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To assess the clinicopathological features and prognostic significance of the presence of 5% or less high-grade component in otherwise low-grade noninvasive @entity150 , referred to as @entity325 ( @entity325 ) @entity189 , we reviewed all archival cases with such diagnosis between 2005 and 2014. Clinicopathological and outcome parameters were compared to those in our previously reported low- and high-grade noninvasive @entity150 cohorts (LGUC and HGUC, respectively). The study included 31 @entity189 . Mean @entity1 age was 67.6 years, and mean follow-up was 39.7 months. Intravesical treatment was administered in 15 @entity1 (48.4%). Recurrence occurred in 14 cases (45.2%): 10 as LGUC and 4 as HGUC; there was no stage progression. Mean time to progression was 9 months (5-17 months), and there was no @entity204 . @entity189 stage progression and dead of disease rates were comparable to that of LGUC. @entity189 stage progression was significantly lower than that of HGUC, P = .002, using Pearson   (2) test. @entity189 @entity1 with no intravesical treatment had higher incidence rate of grade progression (25%) compared to LGUC @entity1 (7.9%); however, the difference was not statistically significant. @entity189 had a prognosis closer to "pure" LGUC than "pure" HGUC. @entity189 may have a higher rate of grade progression than LGUC, although more data are needed before this issue can be definitively addressed. Until such data are available, it is reasonable to keep @entity189 as a distinct grade category with potential management implications.

title: Significance of a minor high-grade component in a low-grade noninvasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Untreated MG urothelial carcinoma', 'urothelial carcinoma', 'MG urothelial carcinomas', 'MG urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'mixed-grade']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death of disease']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['papillary urothelial carcinoma of bladder']


abstract: @entity17325 ( @entity17325 ) is very common in the Hutterite population of the North American Prairies. We have recently reported the homozygous @entity24346 mutation in @entity15273 associated with @entity24347 . We have also identified Hutterite @entity1 with @entity24348 , homozygous for the common @entity24349 mutation in @entity16559 . To date, all Hutterites with @entity17325 have been shown to be homozygous for either the @entity15273 or @entity16559 mutation. We now report a Hutterite family in which both parents and five sons were all found to be homozygous for the @entity15273 mutation. The father had slowly progressive proximal @entity425 , whereas three sons and their mother, all currently asymptomatic, had normal physical examinations. The remaining two sons (7 and 10 years old), presented with mild decrease in stamina, had normal neuromuscular examinations and were found to be homozygous for the @entity16559 mutation in addition to the @entity15273 mutation. These two @entity1 do not differ in age at or mode of presentation, physical findings, or serum CK levels compared to age-matched individuals affected with @entity24348 alone. This suggests that the effects of these two mutations are not acting synergistically at this time. It remains to be seen whether there will be signs of interaction between these two mutations as the @entity1 get older.

title: Hutterite brothers both affected with two forms of @entity17325 : XXXX and @entity24348 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity17325 :: ('MESH:D049288', 'Disease') :: ['Limb girdle muscular dystrophy', 'LGMD']

answer: @entity24347 :: (MESH:C535897,Disease) :: ['LGMD2H']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the use of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) in the quantitative assessment of pulmonary @entity82 by comparing quantitative shear stiffness measurements of lung parenchyma in @entity1 diagnosed with fibrotic @entity401 ( @entity401 ) and healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 1.5T spin-echo, echo planar imaging MRE (SE-EPI MRE) pulse sequence was utilized to assess absolute lung shear stiffness in 15 @entity1 with diagnosed @entity401 and in 11 healthy controls. Data were collected at residual volume (RV) and @entity358 ( @entity358 ). Spirometry data were obtained immediately prior to scanning. To test for statistical significance between RV and @entity358 shear stiffness estimates a two-sample t-test was performed. To assess variability within individual subject shear stiffness estimates, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Krippendorff's alpha were calculated. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity401 exhibited an average (  1 standard deviation) shear stiffness of 2.74 (  0.896) kPa at @entity358 and 1.32 (  0.300) kPa at RV. The corresponding values for healthy individuals were 1.33 (  0.195) kPa and 0.849 (  0.250) kPa, respectively. The difference in shear stiffness between RV and @entity358 was statistically significant (P < 0.001). At @entity358 , the ICC and alpha values were 0.909 and 0.887, respectively. At RV, the ICC and alpha values were 0.852 and 0.862, respectively. CONCLUSION: In subjects with known fibrotic @entity401 , parenchymal shear stiffness is increased when compared to normal controls at both RV and @entity358 , with @entity358 demonstrating the most significant difference. MRE-derived parenchymal shear stiffness is a promising new noninvasive imaging-based biomarker of @entity401 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017.

title: Quantitative assessment of lung stiffness in @entity1 with XXXX using MR elastography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['ILD', 'interstitial lung disease']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['TLC', 'total lung capacity']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['interstitial lung disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Emerging evidence indicates that @entity9017 / @entity9018 signaling is involved in @entity1118 . However, few studies have systemically assessed its role in direct nerve injury-induced @entity9 and the underlying mechanism. Here, we determined that @entity128 ( @entity128 ) increased the expression of @entity9017 and its cognate receptor @entity9018 in lumbar 5 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and satellite glial cells. @entity128 also induced long-lasting upregulation of @entity9017 and @entity9018 in the ipsilateral L4-5 spinal cord dorsal horn, characterized by @entity9017 expression in neurons and microglia, and @entity9018 expression in neurons and astrocytes. Moreover, @entity128 -induced a sustained increase in @entity1505 expression in the DRG and spinal cord. Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of the @entity1505 synthesis inhibitor @entity2816  reduced the @entity128 -induced mechanical @entity56 and inhibited the expression of @entity9017 in the DRG and spinal cord. Intrathecal injection (i.t.) of the @entity9018 antagonist @entity9019 , both 30  min before and 7  days after @entity128 , reduced the behavioral signs of @entity1931 . @entity35 given an i.t. or i.p. bolus of @entity9019 on day 8 of @entity128 exhibited attenuated abnormal @entity158 . The @entity9 established following @entity128 was also impaired by i.t. administration of a @entity9017 -neutralizing antibody. Moreover, repetitive i.t. @entity9019 administration prevented the activation of @entity2509 in the spinal cord. The mechanical @entity56 induced in na  ve @entity35 by i.t. @entity9017 was alleviated by pretreatment with the MEK inhibitor @entity4286 . Collectively, our results revealed that @entity1505 might mediate the upregulation of @entity9017 in the DRG and spinal cord following @entity128 , and that @entity9017 / @entity9018 signaling via @entity2509 activation contributes to the development and maintenance of @entity9 .

title: Upregulation of Chemokine @entity9017 in the Dorsal Root Ganglia and Spinal Cord Contributes to the Development and Maintenance of @entity9 Following Spared Nerve Injury in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['spared nerve injury', 'SNI']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain behaviors']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and safety of two different doses (0.1 and 0.3 mmol/kg of body weight [BW]) of @entity5777 for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (ce-MRA) of the lower extremities with intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (IA-DSA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 @entity1 with peripheral @entity432 underwent IA-DSA and ce-MRA from the aortic bifurcation down to the ankle. @entity1 were randomized to receive a total dose of 0.1 or 0.3 mmol/kg of BW @entity5777 ( @entity5777 , Amersham Buchler), administered intravenously as a series of three automatic bolus injections. Ce-MRA was performed with a 1.5-T system using a body phased-array coil, centered stepwise over the @entity291 , thigh, and pelvic region. A fast T1-weighted, three-dimensional gradient-echo sequence was obtained before and after injection of the allocated dose. IA-DSA was performed using the Seldinger technique and a femoral approach. The vessels under investigation were divided into 31 segments, and ce-MRA and IA-DSA image sets were evaluated in a double-blind fashion for the presence of @entity850 , presence of collateral vessels, vessel delineation, and overall image quality. Both dose groups were compared with regard to contrast index (CI) and signal- and contrast-to-noise ratios (SNR, CNR). The occurrence of adverse events or side effects was also documented. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated in relation to the results of @entity850 grading. RESULTS: A total of 26 @entity1 were entered in the efficacy evaluation, while all 30 @entity1 were included in the safety assessment. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the 0.1 and 0.3 mmol/kg dose groups were 78.8%/93.0%/88.9% vs. 60.2.%/91.5%/83.2%, respectively. The detection of collaterals was similar to IA-DSA for the 0.3 mmol/kg dose group (30.2% vs. 27.4%), but was lower in the 0.1 mmol/kg dose group (27.3% vs. 12.3%). The high-dose @entity5777 injection proved to be superior to the 0.1 mmol/kg dose group with regard to vessel delineation and overall image quality (P = 0.007 and P = 0.002, respectively). The difference between the two dose groups regarding CI, SNR, and CNR was significant (P = 0.0001), in favor of the 0.3 mmol/kg dose group. No adverse events were observed in any of the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Ce-MRA with @entity5777 is safe and efficacious. Comparison of two different doses with IA-DSA as the standard of reference showed that the 0.3 mmol/kg dose is superior to the standard 0.1 mmol/kg dose with respect to contrast enhancement, vessel delineation, image quality, and detection of collaterals. However, the 0.1 mmol/kg dose was superior to the high dose in the grading of @entity850 .

title: Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of the lower extremities: standard-dose vs. high-dose XXXX injection.

entities_list: @entity5777 :: ('MESH:C064925', 'Chemical') :: ['gadodiamide', 'Omniscan']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity5777 :: (MESH:C064925,Chemical) :: ['gadodiamide']


abstract: Life history theory places central importance on relationships between ontogeny, reproduction, and mortality. Fast @entity1 life histories have been theoretically and empirically associated with high mortality regimes. This relationship, however, poses an unanswered question about energy allocation. In epidemiologically stressful environments, a greater proportion of energy is allocated to immune function. If growth and maintenance are competing energetic expenditures, less energy should be available for growth, and the mechanism to sustain rapid maturation remains unclear. The @entity1 pattern of extended juvenile provisioning and resource sharing may provide an important source of variation in energy availability not predicted by tradeoff models that assume independence at weaning. We consider a group of South American foragers to evaluate the effects that pooled energy budgets may have on early reproduction. Despite growing up in an environment with distinct seasonal under-nutrition, harsh epidemiological conditions, and no health care, @entity9171   @entity1 mature quickly and initiate childbearing in their midteens. Pooled energy budgets compensate for the low productivity of @entity1 not only through direct food transfers but importantly by reducing energy they would otherwise expend in foraging activities to meet metabolic requirements. We suggest that pooled energy budgets affect energy availability at both extrinsic and intrinsic levels. Because energy budgets are pooled, @entity9171   @entity1 and young @entity1 are buffered from environmental downturns and can maximize energy allocated to growth completion and initiate reproduction earlier than a traditional bound-energy model would predict.

title: Early reproductive maturity among XXXX   foragers: Implications of a pooled energy model to fast life histories.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'girls', 'women']

answer: @entity9171 :: (4654,Gene) :: ['Pum']


abstract: The causes of down-regulation of cytotoxic immune responses in @entity5 @entity1 have not been fully evaluated. We previously demonstrated that T-cell-growth-factor-activated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with the surface phenotype @entity405 + @entity9536 -, from @entity1 with widespread metastasis of @entity356 , inhibited the effector process of lymphokine-activated-killer( @entity20138 )-cell-mediated cytolysis. In this study, we examined suppressor cell activity in freshly prepared PBL from 18 @entity1 with advanced @entity356 , and 10 normal healthy individuals. The suppressor cell activity was assayed by recording whether or not PBL inhibited directly the effector process of @entity20138 cell @entity137 . Most of the PBL suspensions from @entity5 @entity1 showed that they contained a population of cells that can directly inhibit the effector phase of @entity5 cell lysis of the cytotoxic cells. To analyze further the PBL responsible for the suppression, the cells were passed over a nylon-wool column. Nylon-wool-adherent cells significantly augmented the suppression, while the cells passing through abrogated the suppressive effect. Most nylon-wool-adherent cells from 10 normal healthy controls did not inhibit the cytotoxic reaction. To determine further the suppressor-effector population in nylon-wool-adherent cells, negative-selection studies using @entity405 -, @entity404 - or @entity9536 -coated magnetic beads, and positive-selection studies using @entity405 - or @entity404 -coated magnetic beads were performed. Finally the results suggest that the suppressor-effector cells comprise at least two different surface phenotypes: @entity405 + T and @entity405 - @entity9536 + cells. The possible role of @entity404 + T cells and HLA-DR+ LeuM3+ macrophages as suppressor cells was ruled out in nylon-wool-adherent cells. @entity405 + T and possibly @entity405 - @entity9536 + cells apparently suppressed the efferent limb of the antitumor immunity. The selective immune suppression mediated by these cells may partly be concerned with escape mechanisms of @entity356 from the host immune surveillance system.

title: Phenotypic analysis of nylon-wool-adherent suppressor cells that inhibit the effector process of @entity5 cell lysis by lymphokine-activated killer cells in @entity1 with advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: A case of a huge cervical @entity3292 associated with @entity1264 is reported. The @entity1 with @entity1264 was a 48-year-old @entity1 complaining of a rapidly growing mass around the neck for the last 6 months. In @entity1264 , which corresponds to @entity5 around the neck often occur. The present case was classified as a @entity15037 which is derived from the peripheral nervous system, and this type frequently shows malignant change in contrast to other types of @entity3292 . In general, it is difficult to determine the origin of the nerve in cervical @entity3292 . @entity5 was done in our case, and revealed the nerve of origin to be the vagal nerve. Pathologically, H-E stained specimens showed that the @entity5 was a benign @entity3292 . However, immunostaining of the majority of the @entity5 cells were positive for @entity1364 . These results suggest that the @entity5 of our case possessed a low malignant potential. To date, neither local recurrence nor distant @entity3 has been found on subsequent examinations.

title: Cervical @entity3292 in a @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neurofibromatosis-I, gigantic tumors', 'A total extirpation of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromas', 'neurofibroma']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ["von Recklinghausen's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity15037 :: ('MESH:D018318', 'Disease') :: ['plexiform neurofibroma']

answer: @entity1264 :: (MESH:D009456,Disease) :: ['von Recklinghausen's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Catheter-based revascularization has emerged as an alternative to surgical bypass for @entity455 and is a frequently used tool in the armamentarium of the vascular surgeon. In this study we report contemporary outcomes of 1000 percutaneous infra-inguinal interventions performed by a single vascular surgery division. METHODS: We evaluated a prospectively maintained database of 1000 consecutive percutaneous infra-inguinal interventions between 2001 and 2006 performed for @entity613 (46.3%) or limb-threatening @entity63 (52.7%; @entity158 in 27.7% and tissue loss in 72.3%). Treatments included angioplasty with or without stenting, laser angioplasty, and atherectomy of the femoral, popliteal, and tibial vessels. RESULTS: Mean age was 71.4 years and 57.3% were male; comorbidities included @entity101 (84%), @entity453 (51%), @entity6 (58%), @entity286 use (52%), and @entity740 (39%). Overall 30-day mortality was 0.5%. Two-year primary and secondary patencies and rate of amputation were 62.4%, 79.3%, and 0.5%, respectively, for @entity1 with @entity613 . Two-year primary and secondary patencies and limb salvage rates were 37.4%, 55.4%, and 79.3% for @entity1 with limb-threatening @entity63 . By multivariable @entity797 PH modeling, limb-threat as procedural indication (P < 0.0001), @entity6 (P = 0.003), @entity1007 (P = 0.001), @entity453 (P = 0.047), and Transatlantic Inter-Society Consensus D lesion complexity (P = 0.050) were independent predictors of recurrent disease. For @entity1 that developed recurrent disease, 7.5% required no further intervention, 60.3% underwent successful percutaneous reintervention, 11.7% underwent bypass and 20.5% underwent amputation. Patency rates were identical for the initial procedure and subsequent reinterventions (P = 0.97). CONCLUSION: Percutaneous therapy for @entity1095 is associated with minimal mortality and can achieve 2-year secondary patency rates of nearly 80% in @entity1 with @entity613 . Although patency is diminished in @entity1 with limb-threat, limb-salvage rates remain reasonable at close to 80% at 2 years. Percutaneous infra-inguinal revascularization carries a low risk of morbidity and mortality, and should be considered first-line therapy in @entity1 with chronic @entity63 .

title: Shifting paradigms in the treatment of XXXX : a report of 1000 percutaneous interventions.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['lower extremity vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['lower extremity ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rest pain']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['lower extremity vascular disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of different techniques for gastrointestinal tract reconstruction on postoperative pancreatic b-cell function in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: Twenty-three @entity1 with @entity356 and @entity6 were studied. Techniques for reconstruction included Billroth I (n=13) and bypass procedures(Billroth II n=4 and Roux-en-Y anastomosis n=6). Pancreatic b-cell function was evaluated by oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT). Serum insulin was measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and blood @entity413 by @entity413 oxidase method. HOMA-IR and HOMA-b were assessed. RESULTS: @entity6 remission rate was 90% (9/10) in the bypass group, and 23% (3/13) in Billroth I group (P<0.01). Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c and glycated hemoglobin @entity4051 were improved significantly in @entity1 after bypass procedures(P<0.05), but the difference in Billroth I group was not statistically significant (P>0.05). OGTT showed that fasting and post- @entity413 load plasma @entity413 at each time point were significantly lower in the bypass group compared to the Billroth I group. At 30 minutes and 60 minutes after @entity413 load, insulin levels and insulin release index were significantly higher in the bypass group compared to Billroth I( group, as were levels of HOMA-b and /\I30//\G30 in the bypass group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Gastrointestinal bypass following gastrectomy may induce resolution of @entity6 and improve b-cells function.

title: [Impact of techniques for gastrointestinal tract reconstruction following gastrectomy on pancreatic b-cell function in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ovariectomy (OVX) and immobilization (IMM) in @entity35 are useful models of @entity2331 , replicating some aspects of @entity170 in @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to compare changes in cancellous bone after OVX and/or IMM. METHODS: Differences in cancellous bone were determined at 6 and 12 weeks after OVX or IMM. Comparisons were also made when @entity35 were ovariectomized or immobilized for 6 weeks and then immobilized (OVX/IMM) and ovariectomized (IMM/OVX), respectively, for 6 more weeks. The femurs were used to determine bone mineral content (BMC) using single photon absorptiometry (SPA) and for @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). Tibias were collected for microradiography, image analysis, and histomorphometry of metaphyseal cancellous bone. RESULTS: Six and 12 weeks after OVX, there was less cancellous bone mass, compared with controls, as indicated by SPA, @entity4653 , microradiography, image analyses, and histomorphometry. Bone was lost primarily from the central metaphyseal regions in the OVX animals, whereas the loss occurred throughout the metaphyses in the IMM animals. There were more rodlike bone spicules and fewer platelike trabeculae in the OVX and IMM groups compared with controls. Differences in the structural aspects of the cancellous bone, including differences in the types of bone struts and marrow star volumes, indicated less trabecular connectivity and greater trabecular separation in the OVX and IMM animals, compared with controls. Endochondral growth indices in the IMM groups tended to be less, whereas the OVX groups tended to be greater than controls. Cancellous bone formation rates were generally greater in the OVX groups but less in the IMM groups compared with controls. Osteoclastic resorption surfaces were substantially elevated in the IMM and OVX groups, particularly the IMM groups. Changes reflecting OVX and IMM, independently, were apparent in the OVX/IMM and IMM/OVX groups and indices of @entity2331 were different from controls, including less bone mass, trabecular connectivity, and greater trabecular separation, bone turnover rates, and osteoclastic surface. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate differences in the @entity6092 changes that occur in cancellous bone following OVX or IMM. The changes were generally more dramatic in the IMM than in the OVX animals. When OVX and IMM were applied in combination, the @entity6092 changes are particularly severe, emphasizing the importance of mechanical usage even with a @entity444 .

title: XXXX in cancellous bone induced by ovariectomy and/or immobilization in adult @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of gonadal hormones']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity6092 :: ('MESH:C567172', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenic']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity6092 :: (MESH:C567172,Disease) :: ['Comparison of osteopenic changes']