abstract: We set out to determine the impact of washing hands with soap on the risk of @entity66 in the community with a systematic review with random effects meta-analysis. Our data sources were studies linking handwashing with @entity66 . Seven intervention studies, six case-control, two cross-sectional, and two cohort studies were located from electronic databases, hand searching, and the authors' collections. The pooled relative risk of @entity66 associated with not washing hands from the intervention trials was 1.88 (95% CI 1.31-2.68), implying that handwashing could reduce @entity294 risk by 47%. When all studies, when only those of high quality, and when only those studies specifically mentioning soap were pooled, risk reduction ranged from 42-44%. The risks of severe @entity281 and of @entity6835 were associated with reductions of 48% and 59%, respectively. In the absence of adequate mortality studies, we extrapolate the potential number of @entity294 deaths that could be averted by handwashing at about a million (1.1 million, lower estimate 0.5 million, upper estimate 1.4 million). Results may be affected by the poor quality of many of the studies and may be inflated by publication bias. On current evidence, washing hands with soap can reduce the risk of @entity66 by 42-47% and interventions to promote handwashing might save a million lives. More and better-designed trials are needed to measure the impact of washing hands on @entity294 and acute @entity1729 in developing countries.

title: Effect of washing hands with soap on XXXX risk in the community: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity6835 :: ('MESH:D004405', 'Disease') :: ['shigellosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoeal diseases', 'diarrhoeal disease']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhoea']


abstract: @entity5 are associated with @entity32 . However, the features of @entity32 that are procarcinogenic are not fully understood. @entity1619 cells (Treg) typically restrain overt inflammatory responses and maintain intestinal immune homeostasis. Their immune-suppressive activity can inhibit @entity5 . Paradoxically, we show that colonic Tregs initiate @entity636 -mediated @entity105 in multiple intestinal @entity5 @entity19 colonized with the @entity1 symbiote enterotoxigenic @entity2868 (ETBF). Depletion of Tregs in ETBF-colonized C57BL/6 @entity3744 (DTR) @entity19 enhanced @entity1960 but diminished tumorigenesis associated with shifting of mucosal cytokine profile from @entity636 to IFNy; inhibition of ETBF-induced @entity694 was dependent on reduced @entity636 @entity32 and was independent of IFNy. Treg enhancement of @entity636 production is cell-extrinsic. IL2 blockade restored Th17 responses and @entity5 formation in Treg-depleted animals. Our findings demonstrate that Tregs limit the availability of IL2 in the local microenvironment, allowing the Th17 development necessary to promote ETBF-triggered @entity5 , and thus unveil a new mechanism whereby Treg responses to intestinal bacterial infection can promote tumorigenesis. SIGNIFICANCE: Tregs promote an oncogenic immune response to a common @entity1 symbiote associated with @entity29 and @entity14 . Our data define mechanisms by which mucosal Tregs, despite suppressing excessive @entity32 , promote the earliest stages of immune procarcinogenesis via enhancement of @entity636 production at the expense of IFNy production.

title: @entity1619 -cell Response to Enterotoxigenic XXXX Colonization Triggers @entity636 -Dependent @entity694 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2868 :: ('817', 'Species') :: ['Bacteroides fragilis']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['Regulatory T']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Many epithelial cancers', 'inflammation-associated cancers', 'tumor', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumorigenesis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity2868 :: (817,Species) :: ['Bacteroides fragilis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To measure the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in @entity1 with @entity1480 ( @entity1480 ) using scanning laser polarimetry and to compare these measurements with those of normal subjects and @entity1 with @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ). METHODS: Age-, sex-, and refractive error-matched subjects 18 @entity1 with @entity1480 , 18 @entity1 with @entity1538 , and 20 healthy subjects were evaluated by scanning laser polarimetry (Nerve Fiber Analyzer [NFA] @entity9999 ). The NFA did not have a compensator for corneal polarization. One randomly selected eye from each @entity1 was included in the statistical analysis. The NFA measurements of @entity1 with @entity1480 and @entity1538 and healthy subjects were compared statistically using analysis of variance, Tukey multiple comparisons, chi-square, and independent t-tests. RESULTS: The mean values for average thickness, superior and inferior maximum, superior and inferior average, @entity7085 average thickness, and superior integral were found to be lower in the @entity1 with @entity1480 (p<0.02) and @entity1538 (p<0.005) compared to the normal subjects. The mean values for maximum modulation, superior ratio, inferior ratio, and superior/nasal ratio in @entity1480 were in between those of the @entity1538 and control groups (p>0.05). The @entity7085 modulation was significantly lower in the @entity1538 group when compared to the other two groups (p<0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Retinal nerve fiber loss is present to some extent in @entity1 with @entity1480 and this loss is not age or sex dependent. Parameters of modulation might be more representative of significant damage of the nerve fiber layer. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2003; 13: 377-82).

title: The evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer in XXXX and @entity1538 using scanning laser polarimetry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentary glaucoma', 'PG']

entities_list: @entity1480 :: ('MESH:C563184', 'Disease') :: ['PDS', 'pigment dispersion syndrome']

answer: @entity1480 :: (MESH:C563184,Disease) :: ['pigment dispersion syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether @entity172 replacement therapy (ERT) prevents worsening of @entity626 ( @entity571 ) in elderly @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 551 @entity1 ages 63-91 years (mean age 71) in the Framingham Study were followed up from biennial examination 18 (1983-1985) to examination 22 (1992-1993). Data on postmenopausal ERT were obtained every 2 years. Subjects were classified into 3 groups according to their @entity172 use at biennial examination 18: never users (n = 349), past users (n = 162), and current users (n = 40). @entity1 received anteroposterior weight-bearing knee radiographs at examinations 18 and 22. Using the Kellgren and Lawrence criteria, global radiographic knee @entity571 was assessed, (grade range 0-4) and individual radiographic features, such as @entity5040 and joint space narrowing, were scored from 0 to 3. Worsening was defined as either development of radiographic @entity571 that was not present at baseline (incident @entity571 ) or progression of baseline radiographic @entity571 by > or =1 Kellgren and Lawrence grade (progressive @entity571 ). Potential confounding factors included age, body mass index, weight change, smoking, @entity3331 , physical activity level, and bone mineral density at the femoral neck. RESULTS: During 8 years of followup, 17.4% of knee radiographic scores worsened by 1 grade and 5.8% by 2 or 3 grades among never users of ERT. Among current @entity172 users, only 11.7% of knee radiographic scores worsened by 1 grade and none worsened by more than 1 grade. After adjusting for age and other potential confounding factors, the relative risk of incident radiographic knee @entity571 in comparison with never users of @entity172 was 0.8 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.5-1.4) in past users and 0.4 (95% CI 0.1-3.0) in current users. Current use of @entity172 also showed a trend toward decreased risk of progressive knee @entity571 compared with never use (odds ratio [OR] 0.5, 95% CI 0.1-2.9). When both incident and progressive radiographic knee @entity571 cases were combined, current ERT use had a 60% decreased risk compared with never use (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.1-1.5). CONCLUSION: This is the first prospective cohort study to examine the effects of ERT on radiographic knee @entity571 . The results indicate that current use of ERT had a moderate, but not statistically significant, protective effect against worsening of radiographic knee @entity571 among elderly white @entity1 . These findings corroborate those of cross-sectional studies and point further to a potential benefit of female hormones in @entity571 .

title: @entity172 replacement therapy and worsening of XXXX : the Framingham Study.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['radiographic knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['osteophytes']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['knee injury']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['radiographic knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During spermatogenesis, the @entity59593 family, member W ( @entity59593 .W) gene, en- codes a testis specific histone that is co-localized with telomeric sequences and has the potential role to mediate the sperm-specific chromatin remodeling. Previously @entity59593 .W genetic variants were reported to be involved in susceptibility to spermatogenesis im- pairment. In the present study, two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 5  UTR and exon 1 of @entity59593 .W gene were examined to investigate possible association of these polymorphisms with @entity4810 in Iranian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case control study was conducted in Royan institute during four-year period (2010-2013). Genetic alteration of two SNPs loci, @entity67797 and @entity67798 , in @entity59593 .W gene were indicated in 92 infertile @entity1 who were divided into two main groups includ- ing @entity3893 (n=46) and sever @entity6660 (n=46), while there was 60 fertile @entity1 as control group. Azoosperima was also divided into three sub-groups including @entity3453 ( @entity3453 , n=21), complete maturation arrest (CMA, n=17) and hypo spermatogenesis (n=8) according to testicular biopsy. For analysis, polymerase chain reaction-restriction frag- ment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique was applied. RESULTS: The frequency of allele -9T was significantly higher in CMA group than in @entity1 with @entity3453 (P<0.05). The haplotype TA (corresponding to simultaneous occur- rence of -9T and 368A) compared with haplotype CA (corresponding to simultaneous occurrence of -9C and 368A) in @entity1 suffering from CMA significantly increased, compared with @entity1 had @entity3453 (P<0.05). However, statistical studies indicated that in general, the distribution frequencies of @entity67797 and @entity67798 had no significant difference between the infertile groups and control (P=0.859 and P=0.812, respectively). CONCLUSION: This investigation showed that @entity4982 @entity67797 might be contribute to CMA in azoo- spermic @entity1 and SNP @entity67798 had no correlation with @entity4810 in Iranian population.

title: Association of Two Polymorphisms in @entity59593 .W Gene with @entity3893 and Severe XXXX in An Iranian Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3453 :: ('MESH:D054331', 'Disease') :: ['SCOS', 'sertoli cell only syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['oligozoospermia']

answer: @entity6660 :: (MESH:D009845,Disease) :: ['Oligozoospermia']


abstract: A mixed @entity5 in the liver of a 24-month-old male @entity35 @entity35 from a 30-month inhalation study is described. The @entity35 , which was in a group exposed to low concentrations of diesel exhaust, was euthanized because of emaciation, forced respiration and abnormal gait. Macroscopic examination of the enlarged liver revealed multiple partly confluent beige-red nodules up to 1.5 cm in diameter. Small nodules up to 7 mm in diameter were seen in the spleen. Histologically, the @entity5 nodules in the liver consisted of hepatocellular and cholangiocellular components. The hepatocellular component consisted of moderately differentiated polygonal to round hepatocytes about twice as large as normal hepatocytes and having hyperchromatic, centrally located nuclei with prominent nucleoli and eosinophilic cytoplasm. Foci of haematopoiesis and focal necroses were prominent. The cholangiocellular component was moderately differentiated and consisted of tubular structures lined by low cuboidal to cylindrical cells showing cytoplasmic basophilia and small dark nuclei without prominent nucleoli. The histological features of the nodules in the spleen corresponded to those of the primary @entity5 in the liver. Based on these criteria, the @entity5 nodules were diagnosed as @entity189 . The immunohistological examination confirmed the diagnosis, i.e. immunostaining for cytokeratins was positive for eight and 18 ( @entity157 ) and for seven and 19 ( @entity201 ) as well as for @entity7229 (dense @entity82 ). This @entity5 is considered to be spontaneous because of its single occurrence.

title: XXXX in a @entity35 --case report.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous stroma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocholangiocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Hepatocholangiocellular carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the likely protective effect of @entity4025 (RES) on @entity632 (DOX) induced @entity16 . @entity35 were divided into five groups: control, RES, @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ), DOX and DOX+RES. At the end of treatment, the @entity35 were sacrificed. Plasma @entity251 levels, oxidative status, epididymal sperm parameters and testicular apoptosis were evaluated. @entity1865 levels, GP-x and @entity2197 activities were higher in the DOX group than in the control group. @entity1865 levels were lower in the DOX+RES group than in the DOX group. The DOX group exhibited a significant decrease in plasma @entity251 levels, sperm concentration and motility, and a significant increase in abnormal sperm rate and TUNEL (+) cells in the testis. A significant increase was observed in plasma @entity251 levels and sperm concentration and motility, and a significant decrease in the abnormal sperm rate and TUNEL (+) cells in the DOX+RES group compared to the DOX group. A marked improvement in severe degenerative alterations in the germinative epithelium was also observed following treatment with RES. In conclusion, RES makes a positive contribution to fertility by exhibiting anti-apoptotic and antiperoxidative effects against DOX-induced @entity16 .

title: Effects of XXXX on @entity632 induced @entity16 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['testicular damage']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity4025 :: ('MESH:C059514', 'Chemical') :: ['resveratrol']

answer: @entity4025 :: (MESH:C059514,Chemical) :: ['resveratrol']


abstract: Conflicting data (both suppression and augmentation as well as lack of the effect) exist in respect to @entity3409 (Cd) and @entity1619 cell-based immune cell activity. Spleen is also the site of innate immune responses but impact of Cd on this type of immunity has been less explored. In the present study the effects of acute Cd administration on basic aspects of both T cell-based and innate immune spleen cell activity were examined in @entity35 . Intraperitoneal injection of 1mg of Cd/kg resulted in decrease in concanavalin A (ConA) induced proliferation which seems to be more related to altered spleen cells responsiveness to @entity5041 than to apoptosis. Differential effects on proinflammatory T cell derived cytokines were observed (decreases of IFN-y gene expression and ConA-stimulated production, but increases in @entity7940 mRNA levels with no effect on concentrations of protein product). Reduction of IFN-y production seemed not to rely on @entity12718 and @entity13358 , but at least partly on @entity842 (NO). Increased activity relevant for innate immunity (granulocyte and @entity19465 (+) cell accumulation in the spleen, inducible @entity842 synthase/ @entity1506 expression and NO production by spleen cells) was observed, but there was a decrease in respiratory burst (dihydrorhodamine/DHR oxidation and @entity2387 / @entity10000 reduction). Increases of @entity1505 and @entity3426 gene expression and @entity3426 protein product were noted as well. Administration of 0.5mg Cd/kg resulted in less pronounced (ConA-induced proliferation) or lack of the effect (IFN-y production) on spleen T cell activities and on innate activities (granulocyte accumulation, NO production) as well. However, increases of spleen cell respiratory burst activity and @entity3426 production were observed. Effects of lower @entity3409 doses (5ppm and 50ppm) on several aspects of spleen cell immune activity were observed in intermediate period of exposure (30 days, oral intake) as well. Differential effects of Cd on immune activities of spleen cells might contribute to our understanding of the complexity of immunomodulatory effects of this metal.

title: Acute @entity3409 administration to XXXX exerts both immunosuppressive and proinflammatory effects in spleen.

entities_list: @entity2387 :: ('MESH:D009580', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroblue tetrazolium']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Consistent evidence indicated that aberrant DNA methylation may be involved in the development of @entity161 . @entity15894 ( @entity15894 ) is the key methyltransferase in DNA methylation regulations. In this study, we investigated the association between @entity15894 polymorphisms and the susceptibility of early onset @entity161 in Chinese Han population. METHODS: Case-control ( @entity1 =381 and controls=472) and family based (trios=103) study was performed through genotyping two tag single nucleotide polymorphisms ( @entity63118 and @entity63119 ) covering the whole @entity15894 gene. Single nucleotide polymorphism association and haplotype analysis were performed. RESULTS: The frequency of G allele of @entity63119 was significantly higher in @entity1 than that in controls (P=0.017). Genotype distribution of @entity63119 was significantly different between @entity1 and controls (P=0.046). A haplotype-wise analysis revealed a higher frequency of the T-G ( @entity63118 - @entity63119 ) haplotype in @entity1 than that in controls (P=0.033). In the transmission disequilibrium test analysis, G allele of @entity63119 was preferentially transmitted in the trios (P=0.030). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that @entity15894 may be a candidate gene for susceptibility to early onset @entity161 .

title: XXXX gene increases risk of early onset @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity15894 :: ('1789', 'Gene') :: ['DNA methyltransferase 3B', 'DNMT3B']

answer: @entity15894 :: (1789,Gene) :: ['DNA methyltransferase 3B']


abstract: @entity19 carrying an albumin-urokinase type plasminogen activator transgene (AL- @entity16372 ) develop @entity409 secondary to @entity16372 expression in hepatocytes. Transgene-expressing parenchyma is replaced gradually by clones of cells that have deleted transgene DNA and therefore are not subject to @entity16372 -mediated damage. Diseased @entity409 , including hepatocyte vacuolation and changes in nonparenchymal tissue. The latter includes increases in laminin protein within parenchyma and the appearance of @entity25634 -positive bile ductule-like cells (oval cells) both in portal regions and extending into the hepatic parenchyma. In this study, we subjected AL- @entity16372 @entity19 to two-thirds partial hepatectomy to identify the response of these livers to additional growth stimulation. We observed several changes in hepatic morphology. First, the oval cells increased in number and often formed ductules in the parenchyma. Second, this cellular change was accompanied by a further increase in laminin associated with single or clusters of oval cells. Third, desmin-positive Ito cells increased in number and maintained close association with oval cells. Fourth, these changes were localized precisely to @entity16372 -expressing areas of liver. Regenerating clones of @entity16372 -deficient cells appeared to be unaffected both by stromal and cellular alterations. Thus, additional growth stimulation of diseased @entity16372 -expressing liver induces an oval cell-like response, as observed in other models of severe @entity99 , but the localization of this response seems to be highly regulated by the hepatic microenvironment.

title: Hepatic microenvironment affects oval cell localization in albumin-urokinase-type plasminogen activator XXXX .

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver displays several abnormalities', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['transgenic mice']


abstract: Genes containing multiple coding mini- and microsatellite repeats are highly dynamic components of genomes. Frequent recombination events within these tandem repeats lead to changes in repeat numbers, which in turn alters the @entity535 sequence of the corresponding protein. In bacteria and @entity375 , the expansion of such coding repeats in cell wall proteins is associated with alterations in immunogenicity, adhesion, and pathogenesis. We hypothesized that identification of repeat-containing putative cell wall proteins in the @entity1 pathogen @entity54 may reveal novel pathogenesis-related elements. Here, we report that the genome of A. fumigatus contains as many as 292 genes with internal repeats. Fourteen of 30 selected genes showed size variation of their repeat-containing regions among 11 clinical A. fumigatus isolates. Four of these genes, Afu3g08990, Afu2g05150 (MP-2), Afu4g09600, and Afu6g14090, encode putative cell wall proteins containing a leader sequence and a @entity4495 anchor motif. All four genes are expressed and produce variable-size mRNA encoding a discrete number of repeat @entity535 units. Their expression was altered during development and in response to cell wall-disrupting agents. Deletion of one of these genes, Afu3g08990, resulted in a phenotype characterized by rapid conidial germination and reduced adherence to extracellular matrix suggestive of an alteration in cell wall characteristics. The Afu3g08990 protein was localized to the cell walls of dormant and germinating conidia. Our findings suggest that a subset of the A. fumigatus cell surface proteins may be hypervariable due to recombination events in their internal tandem repeats. This variation may provide the functional diversity in cell surface antigens which allows rapid adaptation to the environment and/or elusion of the host immune system.

title: Coding tandem repeats generate diversity in XXXX genes.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity4495 :: ('MESH:D017261', 'Chemical') :: ['glycosylphosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity54 :: (746128,Species) :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Upon chronic cigarette smoke exposure, inhaled antigens and irritants cause altered lung immune homeostasis. Circulating immune cells are affected, and smoking is associated with an increased risk of developing @entity74 , including @entity15 ( @entity15 ). This study was conducted to determine the impact of smoking on circulating immune cell subsets. Furthermore, we determined whether any smoking-associated changes were related to @entity15 . With the use of flow cytometry, CFSE assays, and ELISpot assays, we analyzed circulating immune cell phenotypes and quantified antigen-induced proliferation and cytokine secretion in smokers and nonsmokers in a cohort of 100 healthy individuals (HI). In addition, we analyzed immune cell subsets associated with smoking in 2 independent cohorts of @entity1 with @entity15 . In HI smokers compared with nonsmokers, we found increased blood cell counts of granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes. These cells were not more proinflammatory, autoreactive, or EBV reactive compared with cells from nonsmokers. Phenotypic differences were seen in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and @entity405 (+) T cells as higher percentages of @entity39064 ( @entity39064 )(+) pDCs and lower percentages of @entity5735 (hi)CD161(hi) @entity405 (+) T cells and @entity14284 (+) @entity405 (+) T cells in smokers compared with nonsmokers. In supplemental analyses, we showed that @entity5735 (hi)CD161(hi) @entity405 (+) T cells were mainly mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAITs). Comparable frequencies of @entity39064 (+) pDCs, @entity14284 (+) @entity405 (+) T cells, and @entity5735 (hi)CD161(hi) @entity405 (+) T cells were found between HI and @entity15 @entity1 who were nonsmokers. Our findings suggest general proinflammatory effects from smoking combined with skewing of specific cell populations in HI and @entity15 @entity1 . The function of these cell populations needs further investigation.

title: Smoking reduces circulating XXXX (hi)CD161(hi) MAIT cells in healthy individuals and @entity1 with @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['various disorders']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity5735 :: (1803,Gene) :: ['CD26']


abstract: Colonic configuration during insertion phase (IP) and withdrawal phase (WP) is different and some @entity1127 seen during IP are difficult to find during WP and vice versa. To determine if polypectomy performed during both IP and WP of colonoscopy (study arm) increases @entity652 rate (ADR) compared to WP only (control arm). In this prospective randomized controlled trial, adults undergoing out- @entity1 colonoscopy were enrolled. The primary outcome was mean number of @entity652 detected per @entity1 . Secondary outcomes were ADR, defined as the proportion of colonoscopies with at least one @entity652 , polyp detection rates (PDR), number of @entity1 classified as high-risk group (presence of >= 3 @entity652 of any size, any @entity652 >= 1  cm in size, or @entity652 with villous component, or high grade @entity1141 ), procedural times, @entity1 discomfort, and ease of procedure. Among 772 @entity1 enrolled, 610 were included (329 in study arm and 281 in control arm). In both arms, mean number of @entity652 detected per @entity1 were similar, 0.78      1.4 vs. 0.74      1.5, P  =  0.75. Also, ADR (39.2 vs. 38.1  %, P  =  0.77) and PDR (57.1 and 54.1  %, P  =  0.45) were similar. Mean insertion time was significantly higher in study arm (10.2      5.8 vs. 9.3      5.6  min, p  =  0.046). Proportion of @entity1 identified as high-risk group were significantly higher in study arm (18.8 vs. 11.7  %, P  =  0.016). Conclusions: Polypectomy performed during both IP and WP compared to the WP only, did not improve ADR or mean number of @entity652 detected per @entity1 . Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, #NCT01025960.

title: XXXX detection at colonoscopy by polypectomy in withdrawal only versus both insertion and withdrawal: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma detection', 'adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['Adenoma']


abstract: Opioids are used to manage all types of @entity158 including acute, @entity5 , chronic @entity9 . Unfortunately, opioid-related adverse effects such as @entity1576 , tolerance, physical @entity734 and addiction have led to an underutilization of these compounds for adequate @entity158 relief. One strategy to improve the therapeutic utility of opioids is to co-administer them with other analgesic agents such as agonists acting at a2-adrenergic receptors (a2ARs). Analgesics acting at a2ARs and opioid receptors (ORs) frequently synergize when co-administered in vivo. Multimodal analgesic techniques offer advantages over single drug treatments as synergistic combination therapies produce @entity1337 at lower doses, thus reducing undesired side effects. This inference presumes, however, that the synergistic interaction is limited to the analgesic effects. In order to test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of @entity23926 /OR combination therapy in acute antinociception and in the often-undesired side effects of sedation and @entity65 in awake unrestrained @entity19 . @entity1286 , @entity1338 or their combination was administered by spinal or systemic injection in awake mice. Antinociception was determined using the warm water tail flick assay (52.5  C). @entity73 was evaluated using the accelerating rotarod assay and cardiovascular function was monitored by pulse oximetry. Data were converted to percent maximum possible effect and isobolographic analysis was performed to determine if an interaction was subadditive, additive or synergistic. Synergistic interactions between @entity1286 and @entity1338 were observed in the antinociceptive but not in the sedative/motor or cardiovascular effects. As a result, the therapeutic window was improved    200-fold and antinociception was achieved at non-sedating doses with little to no @entity65 . In addition, combination therapy resulted in greater maximum analgesic efficacy over either drug alone. These data support the utility of combination adrenergic/opioid therapy in @entity158 management for antinociceptive efficacy with reduced side-effect liability.

title: XXXX and @entity1338 combination therapy improves therapeutic window in @entity19 : synergy in antinociceptive but not in sedative or cardiovascular effects.

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Sedation/motor impairment']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular depression']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic and inflammatory pain']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['Morphine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1120 ( @entity1120 ) has phenotypic variability. Increased @entity1120 awareness especially among at-risk Ashkenazi Jews (AJ) and availability of non-invasive diagnosis induced trend to prenatal screening. We retrospectively assessed pediatric (<16years) Israeli @entity1120 @entity1 to ascertain demographics and phenotype at presentation and over-time because many were identified by large-scale screening. 55/67 @entity1 born since 01/01/2000 are AJ with non-neuronopathic @entity1120 : 28 (50.9%) are @entity10727 / @entity10727 ; 24 (43.6%) are @entity10727 /other; 3 (3.5%) have no @entity10727 allele. 30 (54.5%) diagnosed by screening; 10 (18.2%) with sibling diagnosed by screening. Of 19 (34.5%) receiving enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), 4/19 (21.1%) were by screening ( @entity10727 / @entity10727 ; @entity10727 / @entity10726 , @entity10727 /84GG, @entity10727 /IVS2+1); 15/19 (78.9%) diagnosed by symptoms and/or symptomatic sibling. 4/19 (21.1%) began ERT at age <2years; 9/19 (47.4%) at 3-5years; 6/19 (31.6%) at 6-12years. 49% presented with height/weight growth percentiles <= 25%, but group means were comparable up to 12years follow-up including 10 receiving ERT (8 for >5years). 22% presented with @entity417 , 20% with @entity882 ; at last follow-up 4% and 6%, respectively, remained cytopenic. We present a new demographic profile for pediatric @entity1120 because many identified by screening had/have few @entity1120 signs/symptoms. Nonetheless, early diagnosis is important, especially for non- @entity10727 , non-mild genotypes.

title: XXXX with type 1 @entity1120 : Changing profiles in the 21st century.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ['GD', 'Gaucher disease', 'AJ GD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: PURPOSE: There is substantial interpatient variability in @entity2879 pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetic adjustment to specific plasma concentrations may make it possible to define a therapeutic plasma concentration and relate drug target expression in the @entity5 to response. This study evaluated the combination of @entity900 with a prolonged infusion of @entity20311 (EP) in advanced @entity0 and correlated response to topoisomerase II expression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Eligible @entity1 , previously treated with an @entity4349 , received 60 mg/m(2) @entity900 , followed by a 5-day infusion of EP. Plasma @entity2879 levels were measured on days 2 and 4 of each cycle with adjustment of the infusion rate to achieve an initial target @entity2879 concentration of 2 micro g/ml or 1.5 micro g/ml. @entity5 blocks were stained by immunohistochemistry for topoisomerase IIalpha and beta. RESULTS: Thirty-six @entity1 , treated in three consecutive cohorts, received 145 cycles of chemotherapy. Targeting plasma @entity2879 concentration reduced interpatient pharmacokinetic variability (32% and 62% of @entity1 , respectively, within 10% of target concentration on days 2 and 4; cycle 1). Significant hematological @entity137 (89% of @entity1 with at least one episode of grade III/IV @entity1398 , 64% of @entity1 with at least one episode of grade III/IV @entity882 ) was observed. Thirty-nine percent of @entity1 achieved a partial response, and 19% had stable disease for at least 3 months. The median time to @entity5 progression was 4 months, with a median survival of 11 months. Topoisomerase IIalpha expression was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in responding @entity1 compared with those with stable or progressive disease. There was no difference in topoisomerase IIbeta expression between groups. CONCLUSION: @entity900 and infusional EP is an active, but intensive, schedule in heavily pretreated @entity1 with @entity0 . Clinical response correlates with @entity5 topoisomerase IIalpha expression.

title: Pharmacokinetic study of @entity900 and infusional @entity20311 in advanced XXXX with correlation of response to topoisomerase IIalpha expression.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity20311 :: ('MESH:C061400', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide phosphate']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4057 is the infestation of open wounds of @entity1 hosts caused by larvae of various species of flies. This kind of @entity4057 can be a serious problem for immobilized @entity1 with open wounds. Here, we identify a dipteran larva found in the tracheostomy wound of a @entity1 affected by a severe @entity2057 . The collected larva was dissected and microscopically analyzed. DNA was extracted from part of the larva and used for the molecular identification. A 487   bp fragment, including part of 5.8   S, the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), and part of 28S, was amplified using a novel PCR assay to be cloned and sequenced. The barcode region of @entity9859 ( @entity9859 ) was also cloned and sequenced after PCR amplification. The larva, designated as SASI1, was identified as a third instar of Sarcophaga sp. The @entity9859 sequencing confirmed a low similarity with Sarcophaga ruficornis (F.) (95%), yet @entity9859 showed a 100% similarity with Sarcophaga argyrostoma (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) species. Therefore, SASI1 was identified as a S. argyrostoma larva on the basis of its @entity9859 barcode. This is one of the rare cases of @entity4057 of tracheostomy wound and the first caused by S. argyrostoma.

title: XXXX of the Tracheostomy Wound Caused by Sarcophaga (Liopygia) argyrostoma (Diptera: Sarcophagidae): Molecular Identification Based on the Mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase I Gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity9859 :: ('4512', 'Gene') :: ['COI', 'cytochrome oxidase I']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['spinal muscular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity4057 :: ('MESH:D009198', 'Disease') :: ['myiasis', 'Wound myiasis']

answer: @entity4057 :: (MESH:D009198,Disease) :: ['Myiasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical characteristics of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) @entity5517 and the species-specific in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 2000 to 2011 at the National Taiwan University Hospital, multilocus sequencing of rpoB, hsp65 and secA was used to identify NTM isolates from @entity5517 . The clinical presentation and treatment outcomes were retrospectively compared between species. Broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations of amikacin (AMK), clarithromycin (CLA), ciprofloxacin (CPF), levofloxacin (LVF), moxifloxacin (MXF) and gatifloxacin (GAF) against all strains. The activities of antimicrobial combinations were assessed by the checkerboard titration method. RESULTS: A total of 24 NTM strains (13 @entity7665 and 11 @entity51633 ) were isolated from 13 @entity1036 , 10 buckle infections, and 1 @entity6134 cases. Clinically, manifestations and outcomes caused by these two species were similar and surgical intervention was necessary for medically unresponsive NTM infection. Microbiologically, 100% of @entity7665 and 90.9% of @entity51633 ocular isolates were susceptible to amikacin but all were resistant to fluoroquinolones. Inducible clarithromycin resistance existed in 69.3% of @entity7665 but not in @entity51633 isolates. None of the AMK-CLA, AMK-MXF, AMK-GAF, @entity18274 showed synergistic or antagonistic effect against both species in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7665 and @entity51633 are the most commonly identified species for NTM @entity5517 in Taiwan. Both species were resistant to fluoroquinolones, susceptible to amikacin, and differ in clarithromycin resistance. Combined antimicrobial treatments showed no interaction in vitro but could be considered in combination with surgical interventions for eradication of this devastating @entity5517 .

title: Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Ocular Infections-Comparing the Clinical and Microbiological Characteristics between XXXX and @entity51633 .

entities_list: @entity5517 :: ('MESH:D015817', 'Disease') :: ['ocular infections', 'ocular infection']

entities_list: @entity6134 :: ('MESH:C538406', 'Disease') :: ['canaliculitis']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis']

entities_list: @entity51633 :: ('281216', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium massiliense', 'M. massiliense']

entities_list: @entity18274 :: ('MESH:D009100', 'Disease') :: ['CLA-MXF and CLA-GAF combinations']

entities_list: @entity7665 :: ('36809', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium abscessus', 'M. abscessus']

answer: @entity7665 :: (36809,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium abscessus']


abstract: PURPOSE: We determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and efficacy of @entity136 plus @entity1206 combined with @entity900 in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Chemo naive @entity1 with stage IIIA to IV @entity1149 received outpatient administration of @entity136 1,000 mg/m2 and @entity1206 25 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1 and 8 every 21 days. Doses of @entity136 and @entity1206 were escalated by 250 mg/m2 and 5 mg/m2, respectively, at each dose level. @entity900 was administered at a fixed dose of 50 mg/m2 on days 2 and 9. After the MTD was reached, the study was continued as a phase II trial. RESULTS: From January 1998 to March 1999, sixty-five @entity1 were enrolled. The first 38 @entity1 participated in the phase I evaluation. After 130 cycles, the dose-limiting @entity137 were @entity1398 , @entity3136 , @entity1395 , and hepatotoxicity occurring at the third and fourth dose levels (doses of @entity136 / @entity1206 of 1,500/25 and 1,000/30 mg/m2). For the subsequent phase II evaluation, 27 additional @entity1 , out of a total of 53, receiving the MTD of @entity136 and @entity1206 (1000-1250/25 mg/m2) followed (24 hours later) by @entity900 50 mg/m2. Thirty one (58%) of 53 assessable @entity1 responded. Objective response for @entity1 with stages III and IV disease, respectively, were 65% and 47%. The median time to progression and the overall survival time were 9 months (95% CI: 5-12) and 11 months (95% CI: 9-13), respectively. World Health Organization @entity137 > or = grade 3 @entity1398 was registered in 28 (54%) of 52 assessable @entity1 (2% with @entity1398 ), and > or = grade 3 @entity882 in 15 (29%) @entity1 (4% with @entity548 ). @entity1209 (> or = grade 2) and @entity1395 (moderate to severe) occurred in 24 (46%) and 14 (27%) @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity136 1,000-1,250 mg/m2 plus @entity1206 25 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8, followed by @entity900 50 mg/m2 24 hours later, is safe for outpatient administration and active in @entity1 with @entity1149 .

title: Phase I/II study of @entity136 and XXXX plus @entity900 in @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['vinorelbine']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Hearing impairment is one of the associated problems seen particularly in @entity1 with @entity2419 rather than cleft lip alone. This has received very little attention in the area of cleft care although research shows that @entity393 affects language development The present study was carried not to find out the type and pattern of audiogram in cases attending a speech camp, average degree of @entity393 and its relation to the side of cleft, and the acoustic immittance findings and its relation to the otological evaluation. The parental awareness about the hearing problem was also assessed. METHODS: The study was conducted on @entity2419 @entity1 attending a speech camp. In all, there were 43 @entity1 (19 males and 24 females) in the age range of 3-22 yr. All had undergone audiological assessment, speech and language evaluation, and otological evaluation using standard procedures. RESULTS: @entity393 was seen in 38 (88.38%) @entity1 . It was the first audiological assessments they ever had. The average pure tone Thresholds revealed a reverse-ski pattern with a wide air-bone gap. The degree of @entity393 ranged from 25 to 68 dB indicating that untreated @entity2346 media resulted in moderate to moderately severe degree of @entity393 . The immittance findings supported the extent of extracranial complications identified on otoscopic examination. There were more @entity1 with unilateral cleft of the left side with greater @entity393 in the ear alongside the cleft. INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSION: @entity393 is prevalent in more than three-fourths of the @entity1 attending the speech camp. There is a need for early identification and intervention of @entity2171 for all @entity2419 cases.

title: Audiological findings in @entity2419 XXXX attending speech camp.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'hearing impairment', 'Hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity2171 :: ('MESH:D010034', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear effusion']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from some @entity1 with @entity746 ( @entity746 ) has been demonstrated to significantly reduce the neuronal viability of primary cell cultures of motor neurons. We aimed to study the potential clinical consequences associated with the @entity137 of CSF in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity746 . METHODS: We collected CSF from thirty-one @entity1 with @entity746 . We analysed @entity137 by incubating it into the primary cultures of motor cortex neurons. Neural viability was quantified after 24  hours using the colorimetric @entity98 reduction assay. All @entity1 were followed up from the moment of diagnosis to @entity204 , and a complete evaluation during disease progression and survival was performed, including gastrostomy and respiratory assistance. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 (67.7%) presented a cytotoxic CSF. There were no significant differences between @entity1 with and without @entity137 regarding mean time from symptom onset to the diagnosis, from the diagnosis to @entity204 , from the diagnosis to respiratory assistance with BIPAP, from diagnosis to gastrostomy and from the onset of symptoms to @entity204 . In Cox regression analysis, bulbar onset, but not @entity137 , gender or age at onset, was associated with a lower risk of survival. CONCLUSIONS: @entity137 was not associated with differential survival rates. This suggests that the presence of @entity137 in CSF, measured through neuronal viability in primary cultures of motor cortex neurons, could reflect different mechanisms of the disease, but it does not predict disease outcome.

title: XXXX does not affect survival in @entity746 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebrospinal fluid cytotoxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Cerebrospinal fluid cytotoxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity4096 can be treated with office-based, minimally invasive means like radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS). Traditional treatment involves ablation of the great saphenous vein (GSV) and the short saphenous vein ( @entity12432 ) with RFA as a first step. The remaining refluxing tributaries are treated at a later session with UGFS or microphlebectomy. This approach is associated with an increased risk of @entity2268 while awaiting the second procedure. We, instead, elected to treat all the refluxing veins in one procedure which combines RFA of the truncal and perforating vein with UGFS to the accessory and tributary veins. METHODS: A controlled non-randomized clinical trial, in which a total of 72 extremities were treated for vein @entity337 in 63 consecutive @entity1 aged 26 - 78 years, was conducted. Sixty-three extremities (87.5%) received treatment for reflux in GSV, 10 extremities (13.9%) were treated for reflux in @entity12432 , and 11 (15.3%) were treated for reflux in the perforators. Reflux duration > 1 second to increase specificity and truncal vein diameter > 5 mm were identified in the treated limbs. The treatment was performed at our office and it involved delivering radiofrequency thermal energy to the truncal and perforating vein and then using foam sclerotherapy with the guidance of ultrasound to close the tributary and accessory veins in a single procedure. The results were monitored at 1 week and 6 weeks post-operatively by venous duplex ultrasound. RESULTS: One hundred percent of the treated GSV and @entity12432 and 91.7% of tributary veins were completely closed after the index procedure. Only 10 of 72 extremities (13.9%) needed a follow-up treatment to achieve closure of the perforator and accessory veins. By combining RFA with UGFS, our cohort did not experience @entity2268 or @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) post-operatively. No major or minor complications were found upon follow-up evaluation. CONCLUSION: We believe that combining RFA with UGFS in a solo practice lowers the incidence of @entity2268 in the tributaries. Using this approach allowed us to achieve more complete resolution of @entity66 with lower complication rates in comparison with the popular staged strategy. This could have implications for financial savings to both the @entity1 and the health system.

title: One-Step Approach to Treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venous reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['incompetence']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['venous insufficiency']

answer: @entity4096 :: (MESH:D014689,Disease) :: ['Venous Insufficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: To determine the hematologic manifestations at the time of diagnosis of @entity1593 in @entity1 and the effects of a gluten-free diet on hematologic signs upon follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records ofpatients with @entity1593 who received a follow up examination at the Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic between June 2006 and June 2013 were retrospectively examined. RESULTS: Ninety-one @entity1 were included in the study. The mean age at diagnosis was 8.1    4.21 years and 59 @entity1 (64.8%) were female. Thirty-two @entity1 (35.2%) had hematologic signs at the time of diagnosis. @entity417 (24.2%) was the most common hematologic sign, followed by @entity1148 (16.5%) and @entity1431 (4.4%). The tTG IgA titers were screened in 80 of the 91 @entity1 during diagnosis. Follow-up examinations found that remission for @entity417 (P = 0.0 17), @entity1148 (P = 0.039), and decreases in tTG IgA titers (P = 0.034) were more prominent in @entity1 who had followed a strict gluten-free diet. CONCLUSION: Approximately one-third of the @entity1593 @entity1 had hematologic manifestations at the time of diagnosis. Remission in hematologic signs and decrease in tTG IgA titers were more prominent in @entity1 who had adhered to a gluten-free diet.

title: The hematologic manifestations of XXXX at the time of diagnosis and efficiency of gluten-free diet.

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['pediatric celiac disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Despite the impact of @entity158 in @entity73 and @entity1316 has been largely studied, the research that examines @entity158 dimensions in @entity73 or @entity303 is still scarce. In @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and related @entity303 , management of @entity158 is challenging. While the sensory-discriminative dimension of @entity158 is preserved, the cognitive-evaluative and the affective-motivational @entity158 dimensions are affected. Due to the complexity of the disease and the poor self-reports, @entity158 is underdiagnosed and undertreated. In confluence with an impaired thermoregulatory behavior, the @entity1 ' ability to confront environmental stressors such as cold temperature can put them at risk of fatal @entity2332 . Here, 3xTg- @entity195 @entity19 demonstrate that the sensorial-discriminative threshold to a noxious cold stimulus, as measured by the latency of tail-flicking, was preserved at early and advances stages of disease (7 and 11 month-old, respectively) as compared to age-matched (adulthood and middle aged, respectively) non- @entity19 (NTg). In both genotypes, the sensory deterioration and poor thermoregulatory behavior associated to age was observed as an increase of tail-flick response and poor sensorimotor performance. At both stages studied, 3xTg- @entity195 @entity19 exhibited @entity146 ( @entity146 )-like alterations in the corner, open-field, dark-light box and the T-maze tests. In the adult NTg @entity19 , this nociceptive withdrawal response was correlated with copying with stress-related behaviors. This integrative behavioral profile was lost in both groups of 3xTg- @entity195 @entity19 and middle aged controls, suggesting derangements in their subjacent networks and the complex interplay between the @entity158 dimensions in the elderly with @entity303 .

title: Tail-flick test response in 3*Tg- XXXX @entity19 at early and advanced stages of disease.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia', 'BPSD']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementias', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunctions', 'cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['accidental hypothermia']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['AD']


abstract: PURPOSE: The authors analysed @entity8 in @entity978 @entity1 after treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: We examined retrospectively 512 primary treated and followed up @entity1 with @entity978 . RESULTS: We observed renal, @entity1494 after irradiation in 16 cases (3.125%). Five @entity1 had injured left kidney, out of them only two had @entity4658 or @entity644 and 4 received radiotherapy and chemotherapy as well. We observed complications of both kidneys in 7 @entity1 . Four @entity1 had @entity2885 or @entity2335 . We did not find severe @entity2335 in @entity1 treated wsith @entity786 . CONCLUSIONS: Acute and chronic irradiation @entity8 are rather anatomic than functional lesions. Planning, dose and period of the radiotherapy, irradiation volume play parts in the development of complications. Prior chemotherapy increases incidence of irradiation @entity8 . These rare complications of @entity978 are usually avoided with the use of modern radiotherapy apparatus and the up to date treatment methods.

title: [Renal and ureter complications from the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal and ureter complications']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['ureter or bladder complications']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 1073 Background: The aim of the study was to define biological subtypes of @entity0 that have the propensity to metastasize to the leptomeninges and to assess factors influencing survival from detection of CM. METHODS: 118 consecutive @entity0 @entity1 with CM were treated in one institution, between the years 1999 and 2009. Univariate and Cox multivariate analysis were performed in order to determine factors influencing survival from CM. RESULTS: 27% of @entity1 had @entity356 . 40.5% of @entity1 had triple-negative subtype, 37.5% had luminal A (ER/ @entity7273 -positive, @entity1722 -negative) and 22% had @entity1722 -positive biological subtype. Median survival from the detection of CM was 18 weeks and 1-year survival was 16%. Median survival of @entity1 with good and poor performance status was 7 and 3 months, respectively (p<0.001). Median survival of @entity1 treated and not treated systemically was 6 and 2 months, respectively (p<0.001). Cox multivariate analysis revealed that performance status and systemic treatment statistically significantly influenced survival of @entity1 with CM. CONCLUSIONS: Lobular histological type and triple-negative biological subtype of @entity0 had the propensity to metastasize to the leptomeninges. Performance status was the main factor impacting survival. Systemic intravenous/oral therapy was the only treatment method prolonging survival of @entity1 with CM.

title: XXXX carcinomatous meningitis: Differences in survival depending on biological subtype, performance status, and treatment methods.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['lobular cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether oral @entity17562 is an effective treatment for promoting healing of @entity3179 . DATA SOURCES: The search strategy of the Cochrane Wounds Group was used. This includes searches of electronic databases, conference proceedings, relevant bibliographies, and hand searching of journals. STUDY SELECTION: Studies were included if they were randomized controlled trials of oral @entity17562 in the treatment of chronic @entity3179 with objective measures of healing. Six of the 10 studies initially identified were included in the review. DATA EXTRACTION: The trial method, @entity1 , interventions, outcomes, baseline comparability, adequate reporting of withdrawals, and blinding of assessment were extracted by 2 reviewers independently. DATA SYNTHESIS: No trial showed a statistically significant benefit of @entity17562 for healing leg @entity1066 . There is limited evidence to suggest that @entity219 might increase healing in individuals with a low serum @entity219 level, but more evidence is needed. CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence of benefit from the general use of @entity17562 in @entity1 with @entity6008 . There is a need for further research to see if oral @entity17562 is beneficial in the treatment of @entity1 with leg @entity1066 who have a low serum @entity219 level. If it is demonstrated to be beneficial, further trials are required to establish dose and duration of treatment.

title: Does oral XXXX aid the healing of @entity6008 ? A systematic literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous or arterial ulcers', 'venous or arterial leg ulcers']

entities_list: @entity17562 :: ('MESH:D019287', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc sulfate']

entities_list: @entity6008 :: ('MESH:D007871', 'Disease') :: ['chronic leg ulcers']

answer: @entity219 :: (MESH:D015032,Chemical) :: ['zinc']


abstract: In spite of the widespread use of the Garren-Edwards gastric bubble as an adjuvant device in @entity353 , its efficacy has not been established. Therefore, our purpose was to conduct a randomized, double-blind, crossover study of this device in the management of @entity28 . The study group consisted of 23 @entity1 , 21 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 , ranging in age from 21 to 53 yr. @entity1 were 25%-111% above their ideal body weight. They were studied for 24 wk, consisting of two separate 12-wk evaluation periods. @entity1 were randomly assigned either to receive the gastric bubble or to have a sham procedure. After the first 12-wk evaluation period, the gastric bubble and sham were administered in crossover fashion, so that those who had received the gastric bubble initially received the sham later and vice versa. The study coordinator remained blind to the kind of treatment, weighed each @entity1 biweekly, enforced dietary counseling, and provided behavior modification. Those who had passed or were found to have a deflated bubble at the end of the treatment period were excluded from the study. Mean @entity353 in the two evaluation periods did not differ significantly. @entity1 lost 5.4 +/- 1.7 kg (mean +/- SE) during the gastric bubble period and 5.20 +/- 0.8 kg during the sham period. The order of administration of the gastric bubble and sham did not significantly affect the result. The time-course of mean biweekly values, however, revealed that with the gastric bubble, weight loss was significantly greater only during first (p less than 0.005) and second (p less than 0.025) 2-wk evaluation periods. This difference, however, disappeared after the initial 4 wk of treatment. These observations suggest that although gastric bubble implantation reduced weight significantly more than the sham procedure initially, the mean weight loss during 12 wk of evaluation was not different between the two periods. In our opinion, the gastric bubble is of no value as an adjuvant device in @entity353 .

title: Effect of gastric bubble as a XXXX device: a controlled, crossover study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['exogenous obesity']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight reduction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Kidney transplantation (KT) in @entity28 @entity1 is controversial. The present study aimed to evaluate @entity1 and graft survival and post-transplantation complications between @entity28 and nonobese recipients. METHODS: @entity1 (n  = 3,054) receiving a KT from 1998 to 2008 were divided according to body mass index (BMI) into 3 groups for analysis: group I: BMI  <30 kg/m(2) (nonobese); group II:  >= 30-34.9 kg/m(2) (class I @entity28 ); and group III:  >= 35 kg/m(2) ( @entity28 ). RESULTS: Mean BMIs were: group I (n  = 2,822): 22.6    3.3 kg/m(2); group II (n  = 185): 31.9     1.3 kg/m(2); and group III (n  = 47): 36.8    1.7 kg/m(2). There were no differences among the 3 groups in @entity1 demographic variables regarding race, sex, or organ source. One-year (I, 98%; II, 98%; III, 95%) and 5-year (I, 90%; II, 92%; III, 89%) @entity1 survival rates were similar among groups. Graft survival rates at 1 year were 96% for groups I and II and 91.5% for group III. Five-year graft survivals were: I, 81%; II, 96%; and III, 79%. The most common cause of graft loss was @entity204 , and the main cause of @entity204 was infection in all groups. @entity28 @entity1 were more likely to experience wound dehiscence (I, 1.9%; II, 7.6%; III, 19.1%; P  < .001), develop new-onset @entity6 after transplantation (NODAT; I, 16.2%; II, 27%; III, 36%; P  < .001), and have a prolonged length of hospital stay (I, 11.3    11.4 d; II, 14.5    14.3 d; III, 15.9    16.7 d; P  < .001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity28 recipients demonstrated outcomes similar to nonobese @entity1 regarding @entity1 and graft survival. However, they had higher rates of prolonged length of hospital stay, wound dehiscence, and NODAT.

title: Outcomes in XXXX kidney transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['class II and III obese', 'obese', 'Obese']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No reports have yet precisely determined corticotropin (ACTH) responsiveness in virilizing @entity822 . METHODS: Five @entity1 with an @entity342 -secreting @entity652 were reviewed. Three of them were examined by in vitro steroidogenesis. Two of these 3 @entity1 were studied by immunohistochemistry of steroidogenic enzymes and for the gene expression of @entity4787 by Northern blot analysis. RESULTS: In preoperative hormonal determinations plasma and urine @entity3800 had increased. @entity619 did not suppress plasma and urinary @entity3800 , nor did ACTH increase them. In vitro steroidogenesis revealed that the @entity652 cells produced mainly dehydroepiandrosterone and a small amount of @entity251 . ACTH did not increase the in vitro production of @entity3800 . In immunohistochemical staining 5 enzymes involved in adrenal steroidogenesis were all expressed, especially 17 alpha-hydroxylase, which was strongly expressed in @entity5 cells. @entity4787 messenger RNA was not detected in virilizing @entity5 tissues, whereas it was expressed in attached adrenal tissues. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of response to ACTH is the result of a deficiency of @entity4787 expression in the virilizing @entity5 cells. @entity3800 were autonomously produced in @entity652 cells without ACTH regulation.

title: Virilizing XXXX : in vitro steroidogenesis, immunohistochemical studies of steroidogenic enzymes, and gene expression of @entity4787 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity822 :: ('MESH:D018246', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical adenoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal adenoma', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['Androgens', 'androgens']

answer: @entity822 :: (MESH:D018246,Disease) :: ['adrenocortical adenoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Traditionally, @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) was known to involve only the optic nerves and spinal cord. However, the discovery of highly specific @entity3951 ( @entity3951 ) antibody for @entity1652 enabled us to identify more diverse clinical manifestations. Here, we describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of @entity1 who were anti- @entity3951 -antibody positive, represented by @entity149 @entity3951 @entity792 . METHODS: In total, 388 consecutive @entity1 with inflammatory demyelinating @entity149 diseases were tested for the anti- @entity3951 antibody and 106 seropositive @entity1 who were positive by ELISA or cell-based assay were included. RESULTS: Ninety-seven @entity1 were @entity1 , and 9 @entity1 . The median age at onset was 32 years. The median annualized relapse rate was 1.14 during the median follow-up of 7.0 years. When the 2006 revised diagnostic criteria for @entity1652 were applied, 72% of @entity1 met the criteria, and 28% had a limited form of @entity1652 . Brain symptoms were observed in 51% of @entity1 , and 24% of @entity1 presented with brain symptoms as their first manifestation. Severe residual @entity227 was observed in 42% of @entity1 . The median intervals to Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 6 and severe @entity227 in at least one eye were 12 and 11 years, respectively. A multivariate analysis revealed a delay of more than 4 years before appropriate immunotherapy was independently associated with reaching severe disability of more than EDSS 6. CONCLUSION: The spectrum of neurologic manifestations and the disease course associated with @entity149 @entity3951 @entity792 is broader than previously recognized.

title: Clinical spectrum of @entity149 @entity3951 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment', 'visual impairment or ambulatory disability']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['NMO', 'neuromyelitis optica']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmunity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with well-managed rare @entity102 such as @entity447 maintain a stable health state and health-related quality of life (HrQoL) that may be affected by acute events. Longitudinal HrQoL assessments analyzed using multivariate multilevel (MVML) modelling can determine the impact of such events on individuals (within- @entity1 effect) and identify factors influencing within-population differences (between- @entity1 effect). OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the application of MVML modelling in a longitudinal study of HrQoL in @entity447 . METHODS/DESIGN/ @entity1 : Using data on 136 adults and 125 @entity1 from a two-year observational cohort study of burden of illness in US @entity447 @entity1 , MVML modelling determined the effect of time-invariant (sociodemographic and clinical characteristics) and time-varying factors ( @entity548 frequency, emergency room visits, and missed work/school days) on within- @entity1 and between- @entity1 HrQoL changes. HrQoL was assessed using the SF-12 health survey (adults) and PedsQL inventory ( @entity1 ) at baseline, then every 6  months. RESULTS: In @entity1 , within- @entity1 (p   <   0.0001) and between- @entity1 (p   <   0.0001) psychosocial functioning was reduced by each additional bleed and missed day (within- @entity1 : p   =   0.0089; between- @entity1 : p   =   0.0060). Within- @entity1 physical functioning was reduced by each additional bleed (p   <   0.0001), emergency room (ER) visit (p   =   0.0284), and missed day (p   =   0.0473). Between- @entity1 , additional missed days (p   <   0.0001) significantly decreased physical functioning. In adults, each additional missed day reduced SF-12 Health Survey mental (p   =   0.0025) and physical (p   =   0.0093) component summary scores. Each additional bleed also decreased physical component summary (PCS) significantly (p   =   0.0093). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the applicability of MVML modelling in identifying time-invariant and time-varying factors influencing HrQoL in a rare @entity102 population. Small but significant within- @entity1 and between- @entity1 changes in HrQoL with each additional acute event experienced were identified, which if frequent, could have a large cumulative impact. The results suggest that MVML modelling may be applied to future studies of longitudinal change in HrQoL in other rare @entity102 populations.

title: Longitudinal changes in health-related quality of life for @entity102 : an example in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease', 'chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia', 'hemophilia A']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['hemophilia A']


abstract: @entity6820 on chromosome 16 is the only @entity8787 susceptibility gene identified among several mapped loci. Its recurrent variants @entity20716 , @entity20717 and L1007fs have shown significant association with @entity30 ( @entity30 ), but not with @entity31 ( @entity31 ), in different Caucasian populations. We analysed these three variants in 184 @entity30 and 92 @entity31 Italian @entity1 and in 177 healthy controls. L1007fs and @entity20717 were independently associated with @entity30 , while @entity20716 showed a nonsignificant increase. After combining the three variants together, 32.6% of @entity30 @entity1 were positive vs 18.6% of the controls. The association was stronger for homozygotes and compound heterozygotes, OR 13.9 (1.8-108), and weaker but still significant for simple heterozygotes, OR 1.7 (1.0-2.9). An excess of homozygotes/compound heterozygotes also resulted from the comparison with Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Phenotype-genotype correlations were analysed first by univariate logistic regression and then by multivariate analysis, the effect of @entity6820 positivity being adjusted according to the status of smoking, familiarity and sex, so as to focus on the predictivity of genetic and environmental risk factors on the clinical phenotype. Significant risk estimates of the @entity6820 genotype were obtained for stricturing vs inflammatory behaviour, OR 2.76 (1.2-6.3), and for penetrating behaviour, 2.59 (1.0-6.6), and marginally significant for ileal vs colic location, OR 3.0 (0.9-9.8). Our findings indicate that the association of the @entity6820 genotype with behaviour and location of disease holds also for the Italian population.

title: Analysis of the XXXX variants @entity20716 , @entity20717 and L1007fs in Italian @entity8787 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity6820 :: (64127,Gene) :: ['CARD15']


abstract: Pregnant @entity1 constitute about half the users of @entity888 (MA), in whom the consumption may continue during breastfeeding. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of MA use during pregnancy and lactation on the hippocampus of pups. 35 pregnant @entity35 were divided into seven groups, including three experimental groups daily administered with 5  mg/kg of MA (i.p.) during the prenatal and/or postnatal period (PND1-22). In addition, three sham control groups received normal saline at the same dose, and one normal control group received no interventions since early pregnancy until the end of lactation. After the interventions, two pups (aged one and 22  days) were randomly selected from each mother and their brain tissue sections were prepared to determine the expression of PSA- @entity12890 molecules and sialic acids using immunohistochemical and lectinhistochemical techniques, respectively. In one-day @entity1 @entity35 with MA exposure during pregnancy, a significant decrease was observed in the number of PSA- @entity12890 positive cells in the @entity1249 (P  =  0.047), @entity1251 (P  =  0.05) and DG (P  =  0.006) hippocampus regions compared to control and expression intensity of these molecules in all the three regions (P  <=   0.05). Moreover, in 22-day pups with MA exposure during pregnancy and lactation, number of PSA- @entity12890 positive cells and expression intensity of these molecules significantly reduced in all the three regions of the hippocampus (P  <=   0.05). Findings regarding the intensity of @entity3167 expression were aligned with PSA- @entity12890 expression. According to our results, MA administration during pregnancy and lactation may effect on @entity37376 -neural cell adhesion molecule expression in @entity35 's offspring hippocampus.

title: Effect of XXXX exposure during pregnancy and lactation on @entity37376 -neural cell adhesion molecule expression in @entity35 's offspring hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity37376 :: ('MESH:C021319', 'Chemical') :: ['polysialic acid']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Wistar rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity888 :: (MESH:D008694,Chemical) :: ['methamphetamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Behavioral studies of olfaction have demonstrated impairments in the ability to detect and identify odors in @entity1 with @entity161 . These deficits appear to be independent of either symptom severity or other @entity73 . Only limited efforts have been made to investigate the neurophysiologic substrate of these olfactory abnormalities. This article reports the first examination of olfactory electrophysiologic responses in @entity1 with @entity161 . METHODS: Olfactory event-related potential responses to three different concentrations of @entity3957 were recorded in a sample of 21 @entity1 and 20 healthy control subjects. Odors were presented via an olfactometer to ensure there was no associated trigeminal nerve stimulation. RESULTS: @entity1 exhibited @entity854 and P2 components of the olfactory evoked potential, and delayed latency of the P2. The N1 abnormality, which denotes primary olfactory cortex activity, was related to impaired odor detection threshold sensitivity; the P2 abnormality was related to impaired odor identification. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate the presence of a primary physiologic impairment in the olfactory cortex underlying behavioral olfactory deficits seen in @entity1 with @entity161 . This is consistent with postmortem and in vitro studies suggesting abnormalities in olfactory receptor neurons. Understanding the nature of these physiologic olfactory impairments could offer clues to the basic neuropathology of this disorder.

title: Physiologic impairment of olfactory stimulus processing in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in the amplitudes of the N1']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen sulfide']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: For @entity2887 , the area under the free plasma concentration-time curve divided by the @entity65886 ( @entity65886 ) best predicts @entity2348 in @entity19 and outcomes in @entity1 . However, it is unknown whether the shape of the antibiotic concentration profile affects resistance emergence. Our objective was to compare killing and resistance between @entity2177 concentration profiles with different shapes at the same fAUC/ @entity65886 and identify the durations of @entity2177 exposure that minimize resistance emergence. METHODS: Static time-kill studies over 24 h using @entity796 ATCC 27853 assessed fAUC/ @entity65886 of 44 and 132 of @entity2177 (MICCIP=0.25 mg/L) and fAUC/ @entity65886 of 22, 44 and 132 of @entity2177 plus an efflux pump inhibitor (MICCIP+EPI=0.031 mg/L) at initial inocula of 10(4), 10(5) and 10(6) cfu/mL. @entity2177 was added at 0 h and rapidly removed at 1, 4, 10, 16 or 24 h. Mutant frequencies and MICs were determined at 24 h. RESULTS: High @entity2177 concentrations over 1-10 h yielded more rapid and extensive @entity1613 compared with 16 and 24 h exposures at the same fAUC/ @entity65886 . No resistance emerged for 1-10 h exposures, although regrowth of susceptible bacteria was extensive. @entity2177 exposure over 24 h yielded less regrowth, but @entity2177 -resistant bacteria at 5* @entity65886 amplified by over 5 log10 and almost completely replaced the susceptible bacteria by 24 h; MICs increased 4- to 8-fold. Resistance also emerged on 3* @entity65886 , but not 5* @entity65886 , plates when efflux was inhibited. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-existing resistant subpopulations amplified extensively with 24 and 16 h exposures, but not with shorter durations. The shape of the @entity2177 concentration profile was critical to minimize resistance emergence.

title: Shape does matter: short high-concentration exposure minimizes resistance emergence for @entity2887 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial killing']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['Ciprofloxacin', 'ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initial killing']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: PURPOSE: Most data regarding the prevalence of @entity263 found only at autopsy are from old reports. To determine if significant differences exist in the prevalence of @entity263 between periods before and after the advent of screening for @entity263 , we compared 2 groups of @entity1 undergoing autopsy during the 2 periods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our institutional autopsy record database was searched to identify all @entity1 found to have @entity263 before or after death between 1955 and 1960 (total 3,307 @entity1 and 1,578 @entity1 older than 40 years), and between 1991 and 2001 (total 2,938 @entity1 , 1,380 @entity1 older than 40 years). We calculated the age based incidence of @entity263 detected only at autopsy in an at risk population of @entity1 (older than 40 years). We also compared Gleason grade distribution and proportion of stage @entity16178 or greater @entity5 between the 2 periods. RESULTS: Between 1955 and 1960 the prevalence of @entity263 detected only at autopsy in @entity1 older than 40 years was 4.8% compared to 1.2% (p < 0.0001) between 1991 and 2001. A significant decrease in the prevalence of latent, autopsy detected @entity5 was observed in @entity1 70 to 89 years old at death. Autopsy detected @entity5 were found to be grossly invading adjacent structures (stage @entity16178 or greater) in 17 of 76 (22%) @entity5 discovered between 1955 and 1960, while none of the @entity263 found in the 1991 to 2001 period were found to extend grossly beyond the prostate. CONCLUSIONS: Autopsy rates are decreasing at our institution. With the more widespread use of screening, the prevalence of @entity263 has decreased 3-fold. The decrease in the prevalence of @entity263 is especially dramatic in @entity1 older than 70 years. Further study will determine the significance of many of the @entity5 currently detected clinically, which may have been latent and found at autopsy if not for screening.

title: Comparison of the incidence of XXXX detected at autopsy before and after the prostate specific antigen era.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['latent prostate cancers', 'prostate cancer', 'latent prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumors']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['latent prostate cancer']


abstract: Abstract In this study, we compared the clinicopathological findings of two autopsy cases of @entity1 with @entity33921 ( @entity33921 ) from different families. The @entity1 in case 1 was a 72-year-old @entity1 with a history of @entity6 . He exhibited recent memory impairments from the age of 70. ECG revealed an incomplete @entity714 . A homozygous frameshift mutation @entity65656 was found in the @entity15341 gene. Cause of @entity204 was @entity1576 and @entity712 . The @entity1 in case 2 was a 70-year-old @entity1 with a history of @entity101 . ECG revealed an incomplete @entity714 . A homozygous missense mutation @entity65657 (p.Trp360Cys) in @entity15341 gene was identified. Cause of @entity204 was @entity296 and @entity1457 . In both cases, muscle pathology revealed severe dystrophic changes. In case 2, @entity1283 and old @entity583 with stenosis of coronary arteries were observed. Histological examination of the sinoatrial node showed @entity1560 with ischemic changes in case 2. In both cases, the @entity1 ' brains showed @entity194 and well preserved neurons. @entity15341 abnormality was correlated with skeletal muscle involvement. It should be considered that @entity33921 might be complicated by dysfunction of the cardiac conduction system. (Received October 9, 2013; Accepted January 20, 2014; Published September 1 2014).

title: [A Clinicopathological Investigation of Two Autopsy Cases of XXXX ( @entity33921 )].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['systemic circulatory failure']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty infiltration']

entities_list: @entity33921 :: ('MESH:C535895', 'Disease') :: ['calpainopathy', 'LGMD2A']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarcts']

answer: @entity33921 :: (MESH:C535895,Disease) :: ['Calpainopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) was used to investigate the extracellular compartment and @entity296 in @entity1 with @entity472 , as well as their association with other measures of left ventricular decompensation and mortality. BACKGROUND: Progressive @entity296 drives the transition from @entity1184 to @entity712 in @entity472 . Diffuse @entity82 is associated with extracellular volume expansion that is detectable by T1 mapping, whereas late @entity2287 enhancement (LGE) detects replacement @entity82 . METHODS: In a prospective observational cohort study, 203 subjects (166 with @entity472 [69 years; 69% male]; 37  healthy volunteers [68 years; 65% male]) underwent comprehensive phenotypic characterization with clinical imaging and biomarker evaluation. On CMR, we quantified the total extracellular volume of the myocardium indexed to body surface area (iECV). The iECV upper limit of normal from the control group (22.5 ml/m(2)) was used to define extracellular compartment expansion. Areas of replacement mid-wall LGE were also identified. All-cause mortality was determined during 2.9    0.8 years of follow up. RESULTS: iECV demonstrated a good correlation with diffuse histological @entity82 on myocardial biopsies (r  = 0.87; p  <  0.001; n  = 11) and was increased in @entity1 with @entity472 (23.6    7.2 ml/m(2) vs. 16.1    3.2 ml/m(2) in control  subjects; p  < 0.001). iECV was used together with LGE to categorize @entity1 with normal myocardium (iECV  <22.5 ml/m(2); 51% of @entity1 ), extracellular expansion (iECV  >= 22.5 ml/m(2); 22%), and replacement @entity82 (presence of mid-wall LGE, 27%). There was evidence of increasing @entity1184 , @entity296 , @entity299 consistent with progressive left ventricular decompensation (all p  < 0.05) across these groups.  Moreover, this categorization was of prognostic value with stepwise increases in unadjusted all-cause mortality (8  deaths/1,000 @entity1 -years vs. 36 deaths/1,000 @entity1 -years vs. 71 deaths/1,000 @entity1 -years, respectively; p  =  0.009). CONCLUSIONS: CMR detects ventricular decompensation in @entity472 through the identification of myocardial extracellular expansion and replacement @entity82 . This holds major promise in tracking @entity296 in @entity340 and  for optimizing the timing of valve replacement. (The Role of @entity296 in @entity1 With @entity472 ; NCT01755936).

title: XXXX and @entity299 in @entity472 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve disease']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury', 'myocardial fibrosis', 'Myocardial Fibrosis', 'myocardial health']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction, and longitudinal systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic Stenosis', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7062 (DDAVP) is often used prior to procedures to minimize @entity548 in @entity1 with @entity177 ; however, there is little evidence to support this practice. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the practice of administration of DDAVP prior to procedures within our division and to determine the number of @entity548 episodes for @entity1 who received DDAVP compared to those who did not. METHODS: Hospital records of @entity1 who underwent renal biopsy or central line placement between April 2006 and March 2008 were reviewed. @entity1 with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) were identified and subcategorized into three groups: group A GFR <15 ml/min/1.73 m(2), group B GFR 15-29 ml/min/1.73 m(2), and group C GFR 30-60 ml/min/1.73 m(2). The number of @entity548 events was noted in each group. RESULTS: No significant difference was found in the number of @entity548 events between those who received and did not receive DDAVP overall and in each GFR group. A possible trend towards the benefit with treatment in group A was observed. CONCLUSION: There was no significant reduction in @entity548 for those who received DDAVP which questions the validity of this practice. @entity1 with GFR <15 ml/min/1.73 m(2) may possibly derive benefit.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Pre-procedure @entity7062 to reduce @entity548 in XXXX : does it really work?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7062 :: ('MESH:D003894', 'Chemical') :: ['Desmopressin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['renal failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity33 in @entity31 ( @entity31 ) has become a common endpoint in most clinical trials and a relevant therapeutic goal in clinical practice. Despite important differences between endoscopic Mayo scores 0 and 1, both scores are considered as @entity33 in most important trials. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the risk of relapse in @entity31 @entity1 according to the degree of @entity33 (endoscopic Mayo scores of 0 and 1). METHODS: A prospective longitudinal cohort study was designed. All @entity31 @entity1 who presented with @entity33 at colonoscopy were consecutively included. @entity33 was defined as an endoscopic Mayo score of 0 or 1. Clinical relapse was defined as the need for therapy to induce remission, any treatment escalation, hospitalization or colectomy. All clinical relapses were evaluated at months 6 and 12 after study entry. Results were subjected to unconditional stepwise logistic and Kaplan-Meier regression analysis. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-seven consecutive @entity31 @entity1 (126 [67.3%] with Mayo score 0 and 61 [32.7%] with Mayo score 1) were included. Of @entity1 with Mayo scores 0 and 1, 9.4 and 36.6% respectively presented a relapse during the first 6 months of follow-up (p < 0.001). The only factor independently associated with @entity31 relapses in the multivariate analysis was an endoscopic Mayo score of 1 (odds ratio6.27, 95% confidence interval 2.73-14.40, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with an endoscopic Mayo score of 1 have a higher risk of relapse than those with a score of 0. The concept of @entity33 should be limited to @entity1 with an endoscopic Mayo score of 0.

title: Evaluation of the Risk of Relapse in XXXX According to the Degree of Mucosal Healing (Mayo 0 vs 1): A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal healing', 'Mucosal healing']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['Ulcerative Colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6910 blood groups are associated with @entity66 . A relationship between Achilles @entity397 and blood type O has been reported, although its pathogenesis was not clear. To the best of our knowledge, there is no published study describing the relationship between blood type and rotator cuff @entity924 . OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity1 with rotator cuff tear had a greater prevalence of blood type O than those without rotator cuff tear. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: Research hospital outpatient evaluation. @entity1 : A total of 316 subjects with shoulder @entity158 were included and divided into "tear" and "no-tear" groups according to ultrasonographic examination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity6910 , gender, dominant arm, smoking history, @entity130 history, and age were compared between the 2 groups and the odds ratios of these factors were evaluated by logistic regression. RESULTS: The tear group (38.6%) had more instances of blood type O than the healthy population (27.2%; P = .002). The adjusted odds ratio for rotator cuff tear for blood type O to non-O was 2.38 (95% confidence interval 1.28-4.42). The odds ratios for rotator cuff tears for smoking, major @entity130 history, minor @entity130 history, and age were 2.08, 3.11, 2.29, and 1.06, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with rotator cuff tears were more likely to have blood type O. The odds ratios of factors for rotator cuff tears were high in the following order: major @entity130 history, blood type @entity66540 @entity130 history, and age.

title: Relationship of XXXX Blood Type on Rotator Cuff Tears.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity6910 :: ('28', 'Gene') :: ['ABO blood group', 'ABO']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['various diseases']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendon tears']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['tendon ruptures']

answer: @entity6910 :: (28,Gene) :: ['ABO']