abstract: The most widely used immunosuppressant in neural transplantation is @entity205 - A ( @entity870 ). However, @entity870 has significant toxic effects when administered systemically. @entity1140 ( @entity1140 ), is a more potent immunosuppressant than @entity870 and can be prepared in lipid micelles (LTAC). This liposomal preparation allows for the administration of @entity1140 to the site of transplantation, possibly reducing the systemic side effects of immunosuppression. In this study we investigated the ability of LTAC to promote graft survival in hemiparkinsonian @entity35 implanted with fetal @entity19 xenografts when LTAC is administered systemically to the host, when added to the donor cell suspension, or in combination. @entity35 with unilateral @entity2955 lesions were transplanted with 800,000 fetal @entity19 ventral mesencephalic (VM) cells and were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 was not immunosuppressed; Group 2 received daily systemic injections of LTAC; Group 3 received LTAC within the cell suspensions of @entity19 VM cells; and Group 4 received LTAC in the cell suspensions along with daily systemic administration of LTAC. Transplanted @entity35 were assessed for rotational behavior 3 and 6 weeks posttransplantation. Cell survival was assessed using @entity669 hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry. A significant reduction in rotational scores was observed only in the group of animals receiving the combination of LTAC-treated donor cells and systemic LTAC administration. This functional improvement correlated with a significantly greater survival of TH-immunoreactive cells in this group of animals. The other groups had poor cell survival and no significant functional improvement. We conclude that a combination of systemic immunosuppression and treatment of the cell suspension with LTAC may be a superior strategy to optimize xenograft survival. This strategy may have important implications for clinical neural transplantation.

title: Liposomal XXXX administered systemically and within the donor cell suspension improves xenograft survival in hemiparkinsonian @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['FK506', 'Tacrolimus', 'tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: Reconstruction of major proximal @entity2096 is one of the most difficult challenges in revision @entity572 ( @entity572 ). One technique that has been successful is the use of a modular, long-stemmed prosthesis, cemented to an allograft proximal femur and press-fit to the host bone. Since July 1989, the authors have used this technique in 30 hips (29 @entity1 ). The trochanteric slide approach was used in all cases. Sixty pounds of weight bearing was encouraged for six weeks, then full weight bearing as tolerated. The mean follow-up period was 22 months (range, two to 46 months). All but two grafts united to the host bone clinically and radiographically. Complications included @entity3029 , one graft-host nonunion, one graft resorption, and one @entity281 requiring resection arthroplasty. The latter @entity1 was subsequently reconstructed successfully using the same technique. Although the follow-up period is short, the authors have been encouraged by the early success of these allograft-prosthetic composites. Advantages of this approach include rapid return to weight bearing, physiologic loading of the distal femur, and reconstitution of vital proximal bone stock.

title: Reconstruction of major segmental loss of the proximal femur in revision XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['THA', 'total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['femoral segmental defects']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['five dislocations']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['total hip arthroplasty']


abstract: Linkage studies with DNA polymorphic markers allowed to map the loci of three @entity2746 and to explore genetic heterogeneity in @entity2746 in general. The locus of @entity7960 , the most frequent of all @entity2055 , has been mapped in 9q13-q21. In addition, @entity7960 is an homogeneous genetic entity since all families from all populations tested (mainly European, North-American and from the Mediterranean basin) show linkage with this locus. But the severity of the disease varied in a few families. A form of @entity2055 associated with a selective and severe serum @entity270 deficiency, which frequently presents clinically like typical @entity7960 , is not linked to 9q13-q21 markers. The autosomal recessive @entity23334 from Charlevoix-Saguenay (a region of Quebec) is also not linked to these markers. Both entities are therefore distinct genetically from @entity7960 . Among @entity2055 , the most important group is olivo-ponto-cerebellar ataxia which is heterogeneous and for which any classification is hindered by important intra-familial variability. This group corresponds to at least three distinct loci, two of which have been mapped, one in 6p23-p24, and the other, more recently, on chromosome 12. Prenatal and presymptomatic diagnosis based on linked markers can be made for the three mapped @entity2055 , but only in families with an affected individual for whom the diagnosis has been ascertained by through clinical investigation or by linkage analysis if the family is large enough (mainly for the dominant diseases). Linked markers are also the first tools for the search of the defective genes by positional cloning.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Molecular genetics and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity7960 :: ('MESH:D005621', 'Disease') :: ['Friedreich ataxia']

entities_list: @entity23334 :: ('MESH:C564815', 'Disease') :: ['spastic ataxia']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity2746 :: ('MESH:D013132', 'Disease') :: ['inherited ataxia']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['recessive ataxia', 'recessive ataxias', 'ataxias', 'dominant ataxias']

answer: @entity2055 :: (MESH:D001259,Disease) :: ['familial ataxia']


abstract: A 50-year-old lady, resident of urban Bihar, presented with inflamed proximal nail fold of a single digit for one and half months. The lesion on distal finger was remarkable for @entity1066 . Mucocutaneous examination revealed multiple hypopigmented macules and patches, notable for absence of scaling. The presence of @entity1066 was not consistent with chronic @entity9252 , hence, she was asked for biopsy. She declined and opted for trial of antibiotic and anti-fungal treatment. At two weeks of follow up, no improvement was noted at all. At the same time, she developed multiple juicy papules in perioral area and on neck. She tested positive by @entity15277 tests. Histopathology from periungual area showed LD body. She was diagnosed as @entity234 -azar dermal @entity232 and was treated with @entity14219 50 mg twice daily for three months, resulting in complete resolution of all lesions.

title: XXXX azar dermal @entity232 (PKDL) presenting with ulcerated chronic paronychia like lesion.

entities_list: @entity14219 :: ('MESH:C039128', 'Chemical') :: ['miltefosine']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity9252 :: ('MESH:D010304', 'Disease') :: ['paronychia']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['Post Kala']

answer: @entity234 :: (MESH:D007898,Disease) :: ['Post Kala']


abstract: Previous modeling efforts suggest that @entity5632 -facilitated diffusion contributes very little to @entity26 transport in a Krebs-Henseleit perfused isolated heart when literature-derived values for the diffusion coefficient of @entity5632 (DMb) were used. Simulations have strongly suggested that the contractile mechanisms of muscle may augment diffusion in working preparations. @entity5632 -facilitated @entity26 diffusion may be augmented by the same mechanism. In this study, parameters of an @entity26 transport to tissue model are optimized to investigate the possibility of elevated diffusion coefficients for @entity26 and @entity5632 in working heart tissue. The Radially-Averaged, Axially-Distributed (RAAD) model considers axial diffusion of @entity26 in tissue, @entity5632 facilitation of @entity26 transport, and @entity4095 -dependent @entity26 consumption (Michaelis-Menten kinetics). Models are solved numerically using a variable-mesh finite-difference scheme. Parameters are optimized using a Nelder-Mead simplex routine and are chosen to minimize the sum-of-squares error (SSE) between model @entity26 partial pressure ( @entity4095 ) predictions and experimental @entity4095 data. Models are solved both with and without @entity5632 facilitation. @entity5632 was found to have little effect on the @entity26 distribution predicted by the models. Optimized values for the @entity26 diffusion coefficient remained elevated. However, optimized values for @entity5632 diffusion coefficient were found to be less than measured values. The RAAD model optimization results suggest that @entity5632 does not significantly facilitate @entity26 diffusion to tissue in the steady state and that @entity5632 diffusion is not elevated in working heart.

title: XXXX function evaluated in working heart tissue.

entities_list: @entity5632 :: ('4151', 'Gene') :: ['Myoglobin', 'myoglobin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity5632 :: (4151,Gene) :: ['Myoglobin']


abstract: @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) exerts its regulatory functions in controlling metabolism, balanced growth and differentiated cell expression by acting on specific receptors, which trigger a phosphorylation cascade resulting in the modulation of numerous signalling pathways, and dictate gene expression. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to demonstrate the presence of @entity2124 receptors in 126 formalin-fixed, @entity982 -embedded @entity5 comprising @entity8205 , @entity320 , @entity320 , @entity320 and metastatic @entity320 . The relative proportion of positive cells and intensity of staining was higher in neoplastic cells, compared to normal cutaneous cells. Of the 76 cases of @entity8205 ( @entity8205 ) studies, 46 were weakly reactive with MAb 263. Heterogeneity of immunoreactivity was found in primary @entity320 with a variable range of positive cells. Of 37 cases studied, 34 were moderately to strongly positive. Immunoreactivity showed subcellular localization of the @entity9045 in cell membranes, was predominantly cytoplasmic, but strong nuclear immunoreaction was also apparent in many instances. The nuclear localization of immunoreactivity is the result of nuclear @entity2124 -receptor/binding protein, identically to the cytosolic and plasma @entity2124 binding protein. Intense immuno-reactivity was also observed in the cellular Golgi area of established cell lines and cultured tissue-derived cells in exponential growth phase, indicating cells are capable of @entity9045 synthesis. In the primary lesions, dermal @entity5 cells tended to be more immunoreactive relative to those seen in the dermal region. @entity3 in various organs also expressed @entity2124 receptors in secondary @entity5 cells and all of the metastatic cases were positive. The expression of @entity2124 -receptors in @entity1 @entity320 cells means that these cells are directly responsive to @entity2124 action and that @entity2124 may stimulate local production of @entity442 , which then acts in an autocrine mechanism.

title: Up-regulation of @entity9045 immunoreactivity in XXXX @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity8205 :: ('MESH:D009508', 'Disease') :: ['common melanocytic naevi', 'CMN', 'melanocytic naevi']

entities_list: @entity2124 :: ('2688', 'Gene') :: ['GH', 'growth hormone', 'Growth hormone']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'nodular melanoma', 'superficial spreading melanoma', 'melanoma lesions', 'lentigo maligna melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Fetal intervention aims to improve lung growth and survival in @entity2914 ( @entity2914 ). Airway smooth muscle (ASM) is important in lung development: ASM progenitors produce a key growth factor for lung morphogenesis ( @entity33187 ); ASM contractility is also coupled to growth. ASM hyperreactivity occurs in postnatal @entity2914 and may exacerbate @entity11283 via impaired lung compliance. We hypothesize that ASM hyperreactivity and its sequelae are based on an early developmental lesion of ASM activity in hypoplastic lung. @entity35 were fed 100 mg @entity25327 on Day 9.5 of pregnancy to induce @entity358 in offspring (controls had vehicle alone). Normal and hypoplastic lung primordia were cultured from Day 13.5 of gestation at 37 degrees C in 5% @entity515 and loaded at 54 or 78 h with @entity141 -sensitive indicators: @entity20048 for confocal imaging and Indo-1 or @entity593 for photometric measurements of [ @entity141 ](i). Hypoplastic lung features spontaneous propagating ASM @entity141 transients with reduced frequency, increased amplitude, and significantly prolonged plateau duration, relative to control lung. Nonetheless, hypoplastic lung exhibits normal requirement for extracellular @entity460 entry and intracellular @entity460 release in initiation and regulation of ASM @entity141 waves. Early @entity121 in @entity358 is apparent as specific anomalies of @entity141 transients that indicate a problem with plasmalemmal ion channels/action potential generation. Elucidation of such an @entity3960 may allow pharmacologic amelioration not only of ASM hyperreactivity and its sequelae, but also of hypoplastic lung growth itself.

title: Airway smooth XXXX precedes teratogenic @entity2914 and may contribute to hypoplastic lung morphogenesis.

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia', 'CDH']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity3960 :: ('MESH:D018235', 'Disease') :: ['ASM lesion']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['ASM dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity11283 :: ('MESH:D001469', 'Disease') :: ['barotrauma']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Serrated (hyperplastic) @entity1412 (SP) is a @entity395 with multiple @entity1127 and often @entity6523 ( @entity6523 ) or @entity652 . Although associated with @entity14 , the course of SP is not well described. DESIGN: 44 @entity1 with SP were studied. The results of 146 colonoscopies with median follow-up of 2.0 years (range 0-30) and a median of 1.0 years (range 0.5-6) between surveillance colonoscopies were evaluated. Findings from oesophogastroduodenoscopy examinations were analysed. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis of SP was 52.5    11.9 years (range 22-78). In two pedigrees (5%) another family member had SP. None of 22 @entity1 had @entity1127 . All @entity1 had additional @entity1127 at surveillance colonoscopy. @entity6523 or @entity652 were found in 25 @entity1 (61%) at first colonoscopy and 83% at last colonoscopy. Recurrent @entity6523 or @entity652 occurred in 68% of @entity1 at surveillance colonoscopy. Three @entity1 had @entity14 . Eleven @entity1 (25%) underwent surgery (mean time from diagnosis of SP 2.0    0.9 years). After surgery all seven surveyed @entity1 developed recurrent @entity1127 in the retained colorectum (4/7 had @entity6523 or @entity652 ). No association was found between @entity14 and sex, age at diagnosis of SP or initial number of @entity1127 . CONCLUSIONS: In SP, rapid and unrelenting @entity14 development continues in the intact colorectum and retained segment after surgery. These findings support the possibility of annual colonoscopic surveillance, consideration for colectomy when @entity6523 or @entity652 are encountered and frequent postoperative endoscopic surveillance of the retained colorectum.

title: Serrated @entity1412 : rapid and relentless development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal hyperplastic polyps', 'colorectal polyps', 'polyps', 'gastroduodenal polyps']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['polyposis']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['SSA/P', 'sessile serrated adenomas/polyps']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasia', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal neoplasia']


abstract: A total of 107 @entity1 with @entity531 were reviewed an average of 4.1 years (range 2-11 years) after primary scalenotomy. The sample included 86 @entity1 and 21 @entity1 , and the mean age at surgery was 41.9 years (range 16-59 years). The three most disturbing pre-operative symptoms were @entity158 at rest (87%), @entity1183 (66%) and lack of power (55%). The post-operative success rate diminished from 71% 1 month after operation to 63% at follow-up. The retirement frequency increased from 6% up to 33% during the follow-up time. It was highest among factory workers at 60%. Of the @entity1 older than 45 years at surgery, 68% were retired at follow-up. The importance of careful selection for operation is emphasized, and also the need to consider vocational rehabilitation before resorting to surgical treatment of @entity531 . We recommend surgical treatment for this @entity717 , especially for younger @entity1 with clear evidence of @entity531 who are engaged in occupations demanding little repetitive work. The best results have occurred in this group.

title: Long-term results of primary scalenotomy in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['disabling disorder']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic outlet syndrome']

answer: @entity531 :: (MESH:D013901,Disease) :: ['thoracic outlet syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To reveal the aetiology of @entity6 , the relationships between the islet autoantibodies, human @entity1529 and @entity1533 genotypes in the Chinese @entity1 with type l @entity6 (T1D) were investigated in our study. METHODS: In the cross-sectional and case-control study, peripheral blood samples were collected from 600 T1D @entity1 and 102 healthy controls. The genetic polymorphisms of @entity1529 and @entity1533 are examined with polymerase chain reaction-sequence oligonucleotide probe method. The @entity219 transporter 8 antibody (ZnT8A), @entity367 decarboxylase antibody (GADA) and protein- @entity669 -phosphatase-2 autoantibody (IA2A) were detected by radioligand assay. RESULTS: The A*2402, @entity1533 *0301, @entity1533 *0405 and @entity1533 *0901 alleles, and A*1101- @entity1533 *0901, A*2402- @entity1533 *0405 and A*2402- @entity1533 *0901 haplotypes were associated with T1D (all p<0.05). The positive rates of ZnT8A in @entity1 carried @entity1533 *0901, IA2A in @entity1 carried @entity1533 *0405 and A*1101- @entity1533 *0901 and GADA in @entity1 carried @entity1533 *0901 and A*2402- @entity1533 *0901 were significantly higher than those not carried (p<0.05). @entity1533 *0901 was the independent risk factor of positive antibody in T1D @entity1 . In addition, higher body mass index is also related with the loss of islet function besides high-risk HLA gene and islet autoantibody (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The discordant association of autoantibodies with high-risk HLA gene may indicate the different immunology mechanisms of those autoantibodies. And metabolic burden resulting from overweight may accelerate apoptosis of beta cells.

title: Discordant association of islet autoantibodies with high-risk HLA genes in Chinese type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1529 :: ('3105', 'Gene') :: ['leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A', 'HLA-A']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inflammatory complications after ileal pouch-anal @entity254 (IPAA) for @entity31 ( @entity31 ) are common. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether genetic factors are associated with adverse pouch outcomes such as @entity5042 ( @entity5042 ) and a @entity30 ( @entity30 ) phenotype. DESIGN: 866 @entity1 were recruited from three centres in North America: Mount Sinai Hospital (Toronto, Ontario, Canada), the Cleveland Clinic (Cleveland, Ohio, USA) and Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center (Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA). DNA and clinical and demographic information were collected. Subjects were classified into post-surgical outcome groups: no @entity5042 (NCP), @entity5042 and @entity30 phenotype. RESULTS: Clinical and genetic data were available on 714 individuals. 487 (68.2%) were classified as NCP, 118 (16.5%) @entity5042 and 109 (15.3%) @entity30 . The presence of @entity625 or @entity2720 (p=0.02), @entity991 (p=0.009) and duration of time from ileostomy closure to recruitment (p=0.001) were significantly associated with outcome. The NOD2insC ( @entity45166 ) risk variant was the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) most significantly associated with pouch outcome (p=7.4 10(-5)). Specifically, it was associated with both @entity5042 and @entity30 in comparison with NCP (OR=3.2 and 4.3, respectively). Additionally, SNPs in @entity45167 ( @entity45168 , @entity45169 ), @entity23981 ( @entity45170 ) and @entity23873 ( @entity45171 ) were shown to be associated with pouch outcome with slightly weaker effects. A multivariable risk model combining previously identified clinical (smoking status, family history of @entity29 ), serological (anti- @entity375 cerevisiae antibody IgG, perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody and anti-CBir1) and genetic markers was constructed and resulted in an OR of 2.72 (p=8.89 10(-7)) for NCP versus @entity5042 / @entity30 and 3.22 (p=4.11 10(-8)) for NCP versus @entity30 , respectively. CONCLUSION: Genetic polymorphisms, in particular, the @entity6820 insC risk allele, are associated with chronic inflammatory pouch outcomes among @entity1 with @entity31 and IPAA.

title: The @entity6820 insC polymorphism is associated with worse outcome following ileal pouch-anal @entity254 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pouchitis', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CDL', "Crohn's disease-like"]

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: The question that @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) provides a @entity5 -suppressive or a @entity5 promoting role is still unknown in @entity157 ( @entity157 ). In the present study, we quantitatively investigated the gene expression levels of @entity2533 in liver tissues from @entity1 with @entity157 . We also evaluated the prognostic importance of @entity2533 gene in @entity157 @entity1 . A total of 59 @entity1 with primary @entity157 who underwent hepatectomy between 1993 and 2001 were enrolled. @entity2533 gene expression levels of @entity5 and of noncancerous livers were analyzed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The percentage of apoptotic cells in @entity5 cells (apoptotic index: AI) was evaluated with immunohistochemistry. Also the expression of survivin protein (apoptosis inhibitor) in @entity5 was detected by immunohistochemistry. @entity2533 gene expression levels of @entity5 were compared with clinicopathological findings of @entity1 . The relative expression level of @entity2533 mRNA of 59 @entity5 tissues did not differ from those of 8 normal liver tissues or 59 noncancerous liver tissues. The mean AI of 29 @entity5 with normal expression levels of @entity2533 gene (4%) was significantly higher than that of 30 @entity5 with low expression levels of @entity2533 gene (2.5%, p = 0.03). Thirteen out of 30 @entity5 (43%) with low expression level of TGF-P gene showed survivin positive, while only 4 out of 29 @entity5 (14%) with preserved expression of @entity2533 gene showed survivin positive. This difference was significant (p = 0.012). The overall 5-year survival rate of 29 @entity1 with @entity5 with preserved @entity2533 gene prolonged to 72% compared with that of 30 @entity1 who had @entity5 with suppressed @entity2533 gene (58%, p = 0.156). In @entity157 , @entity2533 gene may play a defensive role against @entity5 progression by regulating survivin protein expression and by controlling occurrence of spontaneous apoptosis in @entity5 .

title: The gene expression level of @entity2533 ( XXXX ) as a biological prognostic marker of @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta', 'transforming growth factor-beta']

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['TGF-beta']


abstract: Porous @entity702 scaffolds are a promising class of biomaterials for grafting large @entity79 , because @entity702 provides sufficient mechanical support, whereas its porous structure allows bone ingrowth resulting in good osseointegration. To reinforce porous @entity702 scaffolds with biological cues that enhance and continue bone regeneration, scaffolds can be incorporated with bioactive gels for time- and dose-controlled delivery of multiple growth factors (GFs). In this study, critical femoral @entity79 in @entity35 were grafted with porous @entity702 scaffolds incorporated with nanostructured colloidal gelatin gels. Gels were loaded with @entity2095 ( @entity2095 ), @entity664 ( @entity664 , 0.6    g), @entity2095 , and @entity664 ( @entity2095 / @entity664 , ratio 5:1) or were left unloaded. GF delivery was controlled by fine tuning the crosslinking density of oppositely charged nanospheres. Grafted femurs were evaluated using in vivo and ex vivo micro-CT, histology, and three-point bending tests. All porous @entity702 scaffolds containing GF-loaded gels accelerated and enhanced bone regeneration: @entity2095 gels gave an early increase (0-4 weeks), and @entity664 gels gave a late increase (8-12 weeks). Interestingly, stimulatory effects of 0.6    g @entity664 were similar to a fivefold higher dose of @entity2095 (3    g). @entity2095 / @entity664 gels gave more bone outside the porous @entity702 scaffolds than gels with only @entity2095 or @entity664 , resulted in bridging of most defects and showed superior bone-implant integrity in three-point bending tests. In conclusion, incorporation of nanostructured colloidal gelatin gels capable of time- and dose-controlled delivery of @entity2095 and @entity664 in porous @entity702 scaffolds is a promising strategy to enhance and continue bone regeneration of large @entity79 .

title: Enhanced bone regeneration of @entity79 using porous XXXX scaffolds incorporated with colloidal gelatin gels for time- and dose-controlled delivery of dual growth factors.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defects']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: In an open clinical study, long-term efficacy and safety of @entity1405 were investigated in 154 @entity1 with @entity101 (BP) between 95 and 115 mm Hg over a period of 1 year. After a washout and a placebo phase, all @entity1 were treated with 25 mg @entity1405 b.i.d., after 4 weeks of an adaption to 25 mg o.d. or 50 mg b.i.d. was possible. Eighty-six @entity1 had been treated according to the protocol (5 @entity1 25 mg o.d., 77 @entity1 25 mg b.i.d., and 4 @entity1 50 mg b.i.d.) An additional 18 @entity1 were included to the final evaluation in spite of the fact that they had incorrect placebo phases. Ten @entity1 had to be excluded from the final evaluation because of protocol violation. Eight @entity1 dropped out because they were nonresponders, 8 @entity1 dropped out because of side effects, and 15 @entity1 dropped out because of other reasons. In all @entity1 treated over the period of 1 year, 99 @entity1 had a diastolic BP less than or equal to 95 and 88 of the less than or equal to 90 mm Hg. The side effects were mostly correlated to the pharmacodynamic effects of the drug; there were no serious side effects during the trial.

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity1405 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['essential hypertension WHO I-II and diastolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity1405 :: ('MESH:C043211', 'Chemical') :: ['carvedilol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity251 (T) drives normal male sexual development both in utero and at puberty. Aberrant T exposure manifests as virilization of a female fetus, contrasexual precocity in @entity1 , and @entity17246 in @entity1 . Evidence of pathologic T exposure warrants a prompt evaluation. AREAS COVERED: The authors introduce the topic of T exposure in @entity1 by reviewing its physiology in the fetus and during childhood and adolescence. Pathologic conditions leading to virilization of a female fetus as well as @entity342 -mediated gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty in both genders are then discussed. The authors finish by noting exogenous T exposure in @entity1 and adolescents, focusing specifically on secondary exposure to topical T preparations. EXPERT OPINION: Contrasexual precocity in a @entity1 or @entity17246 in a @entity1 should prompt evaluation for causes of gonadotropin-independent pubertal changes. Initial biochemical evaluation includes a bone age, T, @entity4418 , @entity2671 , @entity9027 ( @entity2990 ) and high sensitivity gonadotropin levels. The provider must query exposure to topical @entity342 -containing preparations as unintentional secondary exposure to topical T must be considered. @entity3428 is temporally related to exposure of topical T and removal of exposure results in a marked decrease in serum T as well as resolution or stabilization of the signs and symptoms.

title: XXXX exposure in childhood: discerning pathology from physiology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'girls', 'boy', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity3428 :: ('MESH:D017588', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperandrogenism']

entities_list: @entity17246 :: ('MESH:C538542', 'Disease') :: ['isosexual precocity', 'sexual precocity']

entities_list: @entity4418 :: ('MESH:D019326', 'Chemical') :: ['17-hydroxyprogesterone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity9027 :: ('MESH:D019314', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['Testosterone']


abstract: PURPOSE: To perform a prospective randomized study to evaluate @entity1173 and sclerotherapy vs. laparoscopic deroofing in the management of symptomatic simple @entity8 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty @entity1 with symptomatic simple @entity8 were randomized to treatment either by ultrasonography-guided @entity1173 and sclerotherapy (group A-20 @entity1 ) or by laparoscopic deroofing (group B-20 @entity1 ). Two @entity1 in group A and one @entity1 in group B had a parapelvic cyst. @entity1 were evaluated by urine analysis, serum @entity1011 level, coagulation profile, ultrasonography, and CT urography. In group A @entity1 , after @entity1173 , 1% @entity5324 in a volume equivalent to 10% of cyst volume was instilled. In group B @entity1 , laparoscopic deroofing was performed. All @entity1 were followed up by ultrasonography up to 1 year after treatment. RESULTS: In group A, @entity1173 and sclerotherapy was performed on an outpatient basis, and none of the @entity1 needed postoperative analgesia. Eighteen of 20 @entity1 had complete regression; two of these had parapelvic cyst. Partial regression with relief of @entity158 was noted in one @entity1 , whereas treatment failed in one @entity1 . None of the @entity1 had any significant complication and none required analgesia. All the @entity1 were discharged two hours after the procedure. In group B, laparoscopic deroofing was successfully performed in 19 of 20 @entity1 . Laparoscopic deroofing could not be performed in one @entity1 with parapelvic cyst because of failure of access. The mean analgesic requirement was 285    57.98 (200-400) mg @entity1340 , and average hospital stay was 2.1    0.32 (2-3) days. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous @entity1173 and sclerotherapy with @entity5324 is an effective, safe, and minimally invasive therapeutic option for symptomatic simple @entity8 , with equal efficacy and lower morbidity and hospital stay in comparison with laparoscopic deroofing.

title: A randomized study of XXXX and sclerotherapy versus laparoscopic deroofing in management of symptomatic simple @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal cysts']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity5324 :: ('MESH:C008976', 'Chemical') :: ['polidocanol']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1173 :: (MESH:D053120,Disease) :: ['aspiration']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Studies have shown that fetal progenitor cells persist in maternal blood or bone marrow for more than 30 years after delivery. Increased trafficking of fetal cells occurs during pregnancy complications, such as @entity101 , @entity1468 , @entity2208 and @entity851 ( @entity851 ). @entity1 with these pregnancy complications are significantly more often HLA-class II compatible with their spouses. @entity1 who later develop @entity2631 also give birth to an HLA-class II @entity1 more often. From these prior studies we hypothesized that @entity1468 and other pregnancy complications could be associated with increased levels of fetal cell trafficking, and later be involved in the development of @entity2631 . METHODS: This study was a retrospective multi-centre matched case-control study. One-hundred-and-three @entity1 with @entity785 ( @entity785 ) and 103 @entity1 with no history of @entity785 or other @entity792 were given a questionnaire regarding complications during pregnancy, such as @entity101 , @entity851 ( @entity851 ) and @entity2208 . Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations. RESULTS: We found a statistically significantly increased incidence of having had a pregnancy history of @entity101 or a fetus with @entity851 in @entity1 who subsequently developed @entity785 compared to healthy controls. We found an odds ratio of 2.6 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1 to 4.6) for @entity101 complications during pregnancy and an odds ratio of 3.9 (95% CI: 1.2 to 12.3) for @entity851 for @entity1 with @entity785 compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to show an association between @entity101 complications during pregnancy or @entity851 and the development of @entity785 at a later age. We speculate that the pregnancy abnormalities may have resulted in increased fetomaternal trafficking, which may have played a role in the increased incidence of @entity785 . Further studies are indicated to examine this putative relationship.

title: Increased incidence of pregnancy complications in @entity1 who later develop XXXX : a case control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'women', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['intra-uterine growth restriction', 'IUGR']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity2631 :: (MESH:D012594,Disease) :: ['scleroderma']


abstract: To determine the potential contribution of intermittent low-dose @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) treatment (2-8 mg/week) to @entity260 , we studied 122 @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) who had 201 surgical procedures. The @entity1 with treatment with @entity1500 were allocated to two groups: those who continued @entity1500 (group A, 77 procedures) and those who discontinued @entity1500 more than 1 week (group B, 21 procedures). The @entity1 who had no treatment with @entity1500 were allocated to group C (103 procedures). The incidence of @entity86 , poor wound healing, and flare-up of @entity309 was compared between the three groups. @entity86 occurred in 3.9%, 4.8%, and 3.9% in groups A, B, and C, respectively. Poor wound healing was experienced in 1.3%, 9.5%, and 7.8% in groups A, B, and C, respectively. At 4 weeks postoperatively, 3.9%, 14.3%, and 6.8% of flares were seen in groups A, B, and C, respectively. No significant difference was found in the @entity1 with or without perioperative use of @entity1500 . From these results, it is unlikely that continuation of intermittent low-dose @entity1500 treatment increases the risk of @entity260 in @entity1 with @entity309 . Continued treatment with @entity1500 during perioperative period could suppress disease flares, especially in severe @entity309 @entity1 .

title: Lack of @entity260 with low-dose XXXX therapy in @entity1 with @entity309 undergoing elective orthopedic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative infection', 'postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Differences in pathogenicity between pneumococcal serotypes are important when assessing the potential benefit of different valency vaccines. We investigated the effect of serotype on clinical presentation, outcome, and quality of life lost from invasive @entity66 (IPD) in the context of the 7, 10, and 13 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7, PCV10, PCV13). METHOD: Serotyped IPD cases in England were linked to the national dataset of hospital admissions for April 2002 to March 2011. Based on @entity1 ' diagnostic codes and vital status at the end of the admission, disease focus ( @entity693 , @entity3509 , @entity295 , or @entity1576 ) and case fatality rates by serotype and age group (5, 5-64, and 65 years and over) were obtained. Using these data the quality adjusted life years (QALY) lost from the IPD remaining when use of PCV7 stopped in 2010 was estimated for the serotypes covered by higher valency vaccines. RESULTS: The linked dataset contained 23,688 cases with information on diagnosis, mortality, and serotype. There were significant differences between serotypes in the propensity to cause @entity693 , @entity204 , and QALY loss in each of the investigated age groups. As a result, vaccines' coverage of disease burden differed by endpoint. For example, in @entity1 under 5 years in 2009/10, PCV10 covered 39% of @entity693 , 19% of @entity204 and 28% of the QALY loss of attributable to IPD, whereas the respective percentages for PCV13 were 65%, 67%, and 66%. The highest QALY loss per serotype in this age group was for 6A. Non- @entity1485 serotypes causing the highest QALY loss were 22F and 33F in <5 year olds and 31 in older individuals. CONCLUSION: Marked differences exist between serotypes in clinical presentation and outcome, and these should be considered when evaluating the potential impact of higher valency vaccines on overall disease burden and associated QALY loss.

title: Effect of serotype on focus and mortality of invasive XXXX : coverage of different vaccines and insight into non-vaccine serotypes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['pneumococcal disease']


abstract: @entity1526 is caused by the flagellate protozoan @entity1527 . Seroepidemiological surveys in Chiapas, Mexico have shown seropositive individuals, therefore, we searched for @entity1 affected by the chronic form of @entity1526 which involves the heart, causing a @entity102 called @entity102 ( @entity102 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: To establish the frequency of @entity102 we studied 28 @entity1 seen at the Hospital General Regional "Dr. Rafael Pascacio Gamboa" during October 2002 through October 2003 in Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, the State capital city, with diagnosis of @entity384 ( @entity384 ), a serological survey for antibodies against @entity1527 was done. This hospital cares for @entity1 from all parts of Chiapas, Mexico. Clinical diagnosis of @entity384 was established there and blind serological studies were performed in Mexico City. RESULTS: Fifteen out of 28 @entity384 @entity1 (54%) had anti T. cruzi antibodies. All of them came from poor rural villages and they had @entity712 and/or @entity943 or heart blockade on EKG. CONCLUSIONS: This observation suggest that in Chiapas were @entity1526 is endemic, there are @entity102 @entity1 . Any case with a clinical diagnosis of @entity384 should be tested for antibodies against @entity1527 . The low socioeconomic status, culture and environment in this Mexican State favour the presence and transmission of this @entity4801 .

title: [Antibodies against @entity1527 in @entity1 with XXXX in Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DC', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic, progressive and fatal disease', 'Chronic Chagasic Cardiopathy', 'CCC']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ['Chagas disease']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Low birth weight and @entity1592 are well-recognized risk factors for increased mortality, morbidity and poor neurologic outcome. Risk assessment is different considering true preterm (appropriate-for-gestational-age, AGA) or @entity851 (small-for-gestational-age, SGA) @entity1 . Therefore, we carried out a study on the incidence of @entity548 (peri-intraventricular hemorrhage, PIVH) and @entity63 ( @entity5719 ) @entity75 in two groups of AGA and SGA very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) @entity1 . In the study period (1987-1990), 111 VLBW babies (< 1,500 g body weight) were serially studied at days 1, 3 and 7 and weekly until discharge by cerebral ultrasonography (ATL, MK 4, 7.5 MHz). 57 were VLBW-AGA babies (mean gestational age 28 weeks, mean body weight 1,106 g). 54 were VLBW-SGA babies (mean gestational age 31 weeks, mean body weight 990 g). PIVH was graded according to the system of Papile et al. @entity5719 was defined as an echodensity (> 3 mm) adjacent to the lateral border of the ventricular body. We noted a higher incidence of PIVH in the AGA group (36.8%) than in SGA babies (18.5%; p < 0.01, Fisher test). The AGA subgroup < 1,000 g body weight had 72.2% PIVH compared to AGA babies > 1,000 g (20.5%; p < 0.01). The same relationship was observed in SGA babies (34.8% in < 1,000 g and 6.4% in > 1,000 g babies). @entity75 ( @entity5719 ) were equally distributed between AGA and SGA babies (10.5 vs. 3.7%, p > 0.5) independently of body weight category.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Impact of prematurity and @entity1592 on neonatal @entity548 and XXXX @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth-retarded']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic brain lesions', 'brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity5719 :: ('MESH:D007969', 'Disease') :: ['Periventricular leukomalacia', 'periventricular leukomalacia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: Experimental animal studies and epidemiological and clinical @entity1 studies demonstrate that atypical @entity1 -caregiving can exert short- and long-term effects on offspring phenotype, including increased long-term risk of @entity1316 . Whilst the early environment is therefore a major determinant of behavioral, physiological and neurobiological phenotypes, the effects of early adversity exhibit individual variation, presumably due to differences in environment-genotype interactions. Twin studies provide a powerful model with which to study such interactions. However, @entity1 twin studies rarely include analysis of genotype-environment interactions or of individuals exposed to extreme environments, and @entity35 studies have rarely attempted to utilize littermates (i.e. dizygotic twins) to investigate environment-genotype interactions. Here, we report on the effects of repeated deprivation of caregiving in the @entity7533 , a primate that exhibits dizygotic twinning and bi-parental care. Breeding pairs each contributed @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) twins and control (CON) twins, thereby allowing for the study of effects of @entity1949 , parentage and @entity1949 -parentage interaction. Significant @entity1949 x parentage interaction effects were obtained for basal urinary, plasma and cerebrospinal-fluid @entity701 titers (infancy-adolescence), and basal levels of social and maintenance behaviors (juveniles); basal urinary @entity701 titers during a 2-week period of repeated psychosocial challenge (juveniles), and social and exploratory behavior during psychosocial challenge (juveniles). Significant main effects of @entity1949 were obtained for: basal levels of time spent in contact with parents ( @entity1949 >CON; juveniles) and in locomotor activity ( @entity1949 <CON; adolescents); basal and psychosocial-stress-related systolic blood pressure ( @entity1949 >CON; juveniles); time spent in locomotor activity ( @entity1949 <CON), contact calling ( @entity1949 <CON) and exploring novelty ( @entity1949 >CON) during psychosocial challenge (juveniles). This study provides evidence for long-term effects of early environment on bio-behavioral traits and states in marmosets specifically, and the importance of including parental factors in developmental studies in mammals generally.

title: Behavioral and physiological effects of an XXXX -neglect manipulation in a bi-parental, twinning primate: impact is dependent on familial factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'early deprived']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity7533 :: ('9483', 'Species') :: ['common marmoset']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: 1. The in vitro effect of neuroactive @entity230 on the @entity1025 -dependent @entity141 -ATPase activity in neuronal membranes isolated from primary cell culture of @entity35 cortex was examined. 2. A 1-hr treatment of neuronal cell culture with @entity53 (10 pM) and @entity10768 (1 microM) resulted in an increase in the enzyme activity of as much as 130% and 160%, respectively. 3. Neuroactive @entity230 moderately decreased the stimulation of the @entity1025 -dependent @entity141 -ATPase activity by 72 nM calmodulin, by 20-30%. 4. The effects of hormones on the ATPase activity were irreversible after extensive washing of the membranes. 5. These results suggest that @entity53 and @entity10768 at physiological concentrations could participate in the regulation of neuronal @entity460 homeostasis at a membrane level.

title: Neuroactive @entity230 modulate in vitro the @entity1025 -dependent XXXX -ATPase activity in cultured @entity35 neurons.

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17-beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity10768 :: ('MESH:C018370', 'Chemical') :: ['pregnenolone sulfate']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca(2+)']


abstract: A major problem in treating @entity5442 is the very limited information available about the processes taking place. For instance serum @entity908 kinase levels are often dismissed as a means of gaining an understanding of what is happening or a means of monitoring a @entity1 . This paper shall show how serum @entity908 kinase levels may be used to explore the processes taking place that create @entity121 . This is achieved by a detailed longitudinal study. Firstly, considerable laboratory data is gathered such as serum @entity908 kinase levels and blood pressure information. Secondly, the data is quantified using a scientific model. We shall illustrate the approach through an extensive nine-year study of a particular @entity6558 @entity1 . We identify three basic processes that may contribute to @entity121 and show how they may be interpreted from specific @entity1 data. Furthermore, details are given for controlling and monitoring the disease to maximise the @entity121 while reducing significantly the @entity121 and keeping the drug concentration at a minimum to ensure minimum side-effects and how to identify and handle drug-drug, drug-natural product and adverse drug interactions. Examples are given for a natural product, @entity500 and @entity21594 .

title: A method for extracting muscle information from serum XXXX kinase measurements--its potential value in the monitoring and management of @entity5442 .

entities_list: @entity5442 :: ('MESH:D009220', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory myopathies']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity21594 :: ('MESH:C052035', 'Chemical') :: ['trandolapril']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle inflammation', 'reduction in the muscle attack']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['polymyositis']

answer: @entity908 :: (MESH:D003401,Chemical) :: ['creatine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the plasma Big @entity2232 levels in @entity1 with @entity356 before and after radical gastrectomy, and explore its clinical significance. METHODS: One hundred and six @entity1 with @entity356 and 20 controls were enrolled. The Big @entity2232 plasma levels were examined by enzyme-linked immuno absorbent assay before and on the 1st, 3rd, and 10th day after curative surgery, and then were tested every 3 months in the @entity1 with advanced @entity356 . RESULTS: All @entity1 , except those with @entity5 , had significantly higher mean plasma Big @entity2232 levels compared with normal controls (P=0.000). Higher plasma Big @entity2232 levels were associated with lymph node @entity3 (P=0.020) and serosal infiltration (P=0.035). The plasma Big @entity2232 levels were markedly increased on the first post-operative day (1st POD) in all @entity1 ,but decreased on the 3rd POD with no significant difference compared to the preoperative levels. On the 10th POD, the @entity1 with @entity5 showed marked reduction in plasma Big @entity2232 levels (P=0.010 and P=0.000, respectively), whereas no significant difference was observed in stage III and IV @entity1 . During the follow-up, the plasma Big @entity2232 levels just before recurrence in stage II @entity1 were significantly higher compared with the levels on the 10th POD (P=0.011). CONCLUSIONS: Plasma Big @entity2232 might be a reliable marker to determine the severity of @entity356 . Monitoring plasma Big @entity2232 levels after curative resection in @entity5 @entity1 is valuable to predict recurrence.

title: [Peripheral plasma Big endothelin 1 levels in XXXX with @entity356 undergoing radical gastrectomy and its relationship with @entity5 recurrence].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage I and II gastric cancer', 'stage II gastric cancer', 'stage I gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The side effects associated with @entity288 have led to efforts to minimize their use in renal transplant @entity1 . In this study we compared two @entity228 -free @entity1140 -based regimens with a standard triple therapy. METHODS: This was a 6-month, phase III, open-label, parallel-group, multicenter study. The total analysis set comprised 451 @entity1 , randomized (1:1:1) to receive @entity1140 (Tac) monotherapy following basiliximab (Bas) administration (n=153), Tac/ @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) (n=151), or, Tac/ @entity2098 /corticosteroids triple therapy as a control (n=147). RESULTS: The study was completed by 91.2% (triple therapy), 94.7% (Tac/ @entity2098 ), and 82.4% (Bas/Tac) of @entity1 . @entity1 baseline characteristics were similar in all groups. The incidences of biopsy-proven acute rejection were 8.2% (triple therapy), 30.5% (Tac/ @entity2098 ), and 26.1% (Bas/Tac), p<0.001 (multiple test for comparison with triple therapy); Bas/Tac vs. Tac/ @entity2098 , p=ns. The incidences of @entity228 -resistant acute rejection were 2.0%, 4.0%, and 5.2%, p=ns. Graft survival (95.9%, 96.7%, and 94.7%, p=ns) and @entity1 survival (100%, 99.3%, and 99.3%, p=ns) were similar in all groups. Median serum @entity1011 at month 6 was 123.0 micromol/L (triple therapy), 134.7 micromol/L (Tac/ @entity2098 ) and 135.8 micromol/L (Bas/Tac). The overall safety profiles were similar; differences (p<0.05) were reported for @entity417 (24.5% vs. 12.6% vs. 14.5%), @entity294 (12.9% vs. 17.9% vs. 5.9%), and @entity1431 (7.5% vs. 18.5% vs. 5.9%) for the triple therapy, Tac/ @entity2098 , and Bas/Tac group, respectively. The incidences of new-onset @entity6 were 4.6%, 7.1%, and 1.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity228 -free immunosuppression was feasible with the Bas/Tac and the Tac/ @entity2098 regimens. Both @entity228 -free regimens were equally effective in preventing acute rejection, with the Bas/Tac therapy offering some safety benefits.

title: Two XXXX -free regimens- @entity1140 monotherapy after basiliximab administration and @entity1140 /mycophenolate mofetil-in comparison with a standard triple regimen in renal transplantation: results of the Atlas study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid', 'Corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity228 :: (CHEBI:50858,Chemical) :: ['corticosteroid']


abstract: Most @entity2346 media with effusion (OME) in @entity1 heals spontaneously, but it is sometimes persistent and intractable. The major factors determining these different courses of OME are unknown. Identifying such factors would be clinically helpful. Factors affecting on the outcome of OME were studied experimentally and clinically. In animal experiment OME was induced in @entity95 by occluding the Eustachian tube. Clinical study was conducted by investigating a histology of the @entity2172 , sampled from 64 @entity1 with OME (87 ears) who underwent middle ear tube ventilation. Furthermore, these cases studied how the degree of mastoid pneumatization before and after treatment, changes in the volume of the middle ear air cavity and the course after removal of the middle ear ventilation tube affected lesions in the @entity2172 . In animals, histology of the @entity2172 showed that in the early stages, the subepithelial layer of the @entity2172 was characterized by @entity1184 and enlarged blood vessels. In later stages, it became fibrous as a result of @entity32 . These results suggest that lesions of the subepithelial layer are unlikely to recover. In clinical cases, histological changes in mucosal samples were rated on a two-point scale: changes in the epithelium and changes in the subepithelial layer. Re-pneumatization, a sign of healing of @entity2172 , was seen 12 months to 18 months after surgery. Among @entity1 in whom the tube was left inserted for more than 18 months, only 11% had unfavorable outcomes and the recurrence rate was low. All @entity1 who had recurrence of disease despite more than 18 months of tube insertion had prolonged @entity32 in the @entity2172 . There results indicate that the air cavity returns to approximately normal degree of pneumatization more than 18 months after surgery, and that the extent of lesions in the @entity2172 , especially the subepithelial layer, is closely related to the healing of OME.

title: [Middle ear mucosa pathophysiology and healing processes in XXXX with @entity2346 media with effusion (OME)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear mucosal inflammation', 'middle ear mucosa']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['edematous hypertrophy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the natural history of @entity1007 in the first 3 years of disease in an inception cohort of @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) followed at a single center and to determine the influence of @entity1007 on the subsequent development of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) related events. METHODS: We identified @entity1 who were seen at the University of Toronto lupus clinic within 1 year of diagnosis from January 1, 1974, to December 31, 1987, and who were seen at least once a year in the first 3 years. @entity1 were divided into 3 groups: Normal @entity165 : serum total @entity165 (TC) < 5.2 mmol/l throughout the 3 year period of study. Sustained @entity1007 : at least one measurement of TC of > 5.2 mmol/l in each of the first 3 years at the clinic. Variable @entity1007 : TC > 5.2 mmol/l in no more than 2 of the first 3 years of followup. @entity1 were followed from inception until the present day. The primary outcome was the time of the first @entity453 related event ( @entity583 , @entity951 , or sudden unexplained @entity204 ). RESULTS: One hundred thirty-four @entity1 (118 @entity1 , 16 @entity1 ) were studied: 33 (24.6%) had normal @entity165 , 54 (40.3%) had sustained @entity1007 , and 47 (35.1%) had variable @entity1007 . Using multiple logistic regression the best predictors of sustained @entity1007 were cumulative dose of @entity230 , no antimalarial therapy, and age of onset of @entity1252 > 35 years old. @entity453 related events occurred in 1 (3%) of the normal TC group, 3 (6.4%) of the variable group, and in 15 (27.8%) of the sustained group (p = 0.003), 79% of all @entity453 events occurred in the sustained group. The best predictors of @entity453 were sustained @entity1007 , lung involvement, and age at onset of @entity1252 > 35 years. CONCLUSION: Within 3 years of diagnosis, 75.4% of @entity1 with @entity1252 had elevated TC, which was sustained in 40.3% of all @entity1 . Older age at onset as well as increased cumulative dose of @entity230 and no antimalarial therapy are significant predictors of this group. It is this group that experiences the majority of @entity453 related events. Aggressive lipid lowering therapy should be targeted at such @entity1 .

title: Natural history of XXXX in @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: Intraperitoneal injection of cell wall fragments from @entity6329 (ATCC 11578) induces an acute and a chronic @entity625 of the distal joints of LEW/N female @entity35 . Histopathological changes in four distal joints and hematologic changes were analyzed on days 3, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 59. All joints were scored for changes in @entity32 , @entity2070 , cartilage and bone. The acute inflammatory response consisted of fluid exudate, fibrin, neutrophils and some macrophages concentrated along the periosteum of the longer bones. The disease progressed with synovial fibroblast proliferation and infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages. On day 10, cartilage changes were associated with @entity2070 formation and subchondral @entity82 . Both localized bone resorption and periosteal new bone formation were features of the chronic phase. Lymphocytes were elevated above normal (p < 0.05) on day 3, 10, 20, 30 and 40; returning to the normal range on day 50 and 59. Neutrophils were elevated on days 10, 20, 30, 40 and 59. @entity6329 -induced @entity625 in Lewis @entity35 appears to be a fibroblast-, macrophage-mediated disease with a prominent lymphoid component.

title: Pathogenesis of @entity6329 @entity6329 -induced XXXX in Lewis @entity35 : 1. Time related changes in histopathological scores and hematology.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis', 'polyarthritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['polyarthritis']


abstract: The existence of an angiogenic factor in the omental lipid was verified by injecting four different test materials in dosages of 50 microliters into the corneas of @entity95 . The test substances were: 1) @entity1391 -buffered saline solution; 2) @entity3636 - @entity1042 solution; 3) @entity1391 -buffered saline homogenate of the @entity3636 - @entity1042 extract of the lipid cake from the @entity95 omentum. The experimental results show that the modes of neovascularization after injection of lipid and nonlipid materials into @entity95 corneas are very similar. For angiogenesis to be stimulated, the noxious substances must be retained in the @entity267 for several days. One day after injection the @entity1391 -buffered saline solution is totally resorbed. The other test substances (2-4), are retained within the @entity267 for days or weeks. Test substance 1 does not induce any @entity455 . The injection of test substances 2-4 causes similar @entity7499 : the proliferation of vessels always starts from that segment of the limbus closest to the stimulation. Since the extent of vascularization after injection of @entity3636 - @entity1042 solution alone is similar to that which occurs after injection of an omental lipid extract, the hypothesis of a specific angiogenic factor is not supported. Fluorescein angiography reveals a large outflow of fluid (leakage) out of the neovascularization.

title: [Significance of an angiogenic factor (in omental lipid) for the vascularization of the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['corneal vascularization']

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['corneal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'New Zealand rabbits']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity267 :: (MESH:D065306,Disease) :: ['cornea']


abstract: Various clinical situations may arise in the PICU that necessitate the use of sedation, @entity1337 , or both. Although there is a large clinical experience with @entity1363 in the PICU population and it remains the most commonly used @entity1245 in this setting, @entity2934 may provide an effective alternative, with a longer half-life and more predictable pharmacokinetics without the concern of active metabolites. However, there are limited reports regarding its use in the PICU population, and concerns exist regarding the potential for @entity137 related to its diluent, @entity2771 . Although the synthetic opioid @entity3575 frequently is chosen for use in the PICU setting because of its hemodynamic stability, preliminary data suggest @entity1286 may have a slower development of tolerance and may cause fewer @entity3347 than @entity3575 . @entity1286 's safety profile includes long-term follow-up studies that have demonstrated no adverse central nervous system developmental effects from its use in neonates and @entity1 . In the critically ill @entity1 at risk following surgery for @entity299 , clinical experience supports the use of the synthetic opioids, given their ability to modulate PVR and prevent @entity120 . Alternatives to the @entity1245 and opioids include @entity3652 , @entity4485 , or @entity6948 . @entity3652 may be useful for @entity1 with hemodynamic instability or airway reactivity. There are limited reports regarding the use of @entity4485 in the PICU, with one study raising concerns of a high incidence of adverse effects associated with its use. @entity1875 has gained great favor in the adult population as a means of providing deep sedation while allowing for rapid awakening; however, its routine use is not recommended because of its potential association with " @entity1875 infusion syndrome." As the pediatric experience increases, it appears that there will be a role for newer agents such as @entity6948 .

title: Sedation and XXXX in the pediatric intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['withdrawal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infant', 'infants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertensive crisis']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines', 'benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: In @entity1 @entity157 ( @entity157 ) the ras-proto-oncogene is rarely mutated. We therefore studied the possible inactivation of the putative @entity5 -suppressors and ras-associating proteins, @entity23777 , @entity23777 , and @entity15893 in HCCs by mutation or epigenetic gene silencing through promoter-CpG hypermethylation. METHODS: SSCP-analyses, sequencing, and methylation-specific PCR were performed in 28 fibrotic/cirrhotic livers and 40 HCCs. RESULTS: The sequence of @entity23777 /B exhibited no deviations and that of the @entity15893 gene a non-silent polymorphism ( approximately 10% of cases) and a missense mutation (one @entity157 ). Both alterations may affect the growth-inhibiting capability of @entity15893 . Epigenetic inactivation of @entity23777 was found in 62% of the HCCs and in hepatocarcinoma-cell lines due to considerable promoter-methylation of the gene. Methylation was detected also for @entity15893 in HCCs and hepatocarcinoma cell-lines. As a result, 97% of the HCCs revealed epigenetic silencing of @entity23777 , @entity15893 , or both. In contrast every third fibrotic/cirrhotic liver only exhibited silencing of one or both genes. CONCLUSIONS: The candidate @entity5 suppressor genes @entity23777 and @entity15893 are epigenetically down-regulated alone in at least 62%, or in combination in 97% of the HCCs studied. This indicates a frequent and critical event in hepatocarcinogenesis, which may allow HCCs to subverse growth-control in the presence of an unaltered Ras.

title: @entity23777 , a candidate @entity5 suppressor, is epigenetically silenced in XXXX @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The objective of this study was the characterization of industrial nixtamalized @entity2829 flour for @entity1 consumption and which are marketed in Central America for some selected physical and chemical properties which may contribute to food composition information and help nutrition and micronutrient fortification programs. A total of 12 brands purchased in triplicate were obtained from supermarkets in Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras. These samples were kept under refrigeration until analyzed. The physical parameters measured and results were the following: particle size with most samples having a high percentage of particles greater than 60 mesh, pH (5.4-7.5), @entity45766 ( @entity45766 ) (3.4-4.0 g gel/g sample), water soluble index (WSI) (4.8-7.8 g/100 g) and flour density (0.410-0.547 g/ml). The differences were statistically significant for all parameters measured, except for @entity45766 . The chemical characteristics included, moisture, protein, fat, ash and dietetic fiber. Differences between flour samples were statistically significant except for fat content. Protein content was low, ranging between 6.7-8.1 g/100 g and total dietary fiber varied between 7.7-12.0 g/100 g. The samples were analyzed for @entity10102 with a variation from 632 to 903 mg/100 g, with statistical significant differences. The samples were also analyzed for total and soluble (pH 7.5) @entity68 , @entity3151 , @entity460 , @entity972 , @entity219 , @entity920 , @entity921 , and @entity1760 . The difference in the @entity68 and @entity460 content between flour samples were statistically significant. The physical and chemical variability found between flour samples of nixtamalized @entity2829 was relatively high and it is recommended to establish quality standards through raw material and process standardization for greater effectiveness of nutrition programs and activities on micronutrient fortification which may be pursued in the future.

title: [Physical and chemical characterization of industrial nixtamalized corn flour for XXXX consumption in Central America].

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity10102 :: ('MESH:D010833', 'Chemical') :: ['phytic acid']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity45766 :: ('MESH:C564600', 'Disease') :: ['water absorption index', 'WAI']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Alterations of @entity4910 , one of the main regulators of the cell cycle, are known to be involved in various @entity5 . The CCDN1 @entity23622 polymorphism causes production of a truncated variant with a shorter half-life and thus thought to impact the regulatory effect of CCDN1. The aim of the present study was to contribute to existing results to help to determine the prognostic value of this specific gene variant and evaluate the role of CCDN1 @entity23622 polymorphism in @entity1313 susceptibility. A Turkish study group including 99 @entity1 with primary @entity1313 and 155 healthy controls were examined. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The CCDN1 genotype frequencies in @entity1653 , @entity11 and control cases were not significantly different (p>0.05). No significant association was detected according to clinical parameters or @entity5 characteristics; however, a higher frequency of AG genotype was recorded within @entity1 with astrocytic or oligoastrocytic @entity5 . A significant association between AG genotype and @entity9374 ( @entity9374 ) was recorded within the @entity1 with @entity5 (p value=0.048 OR: 1.87 CI% 1.010-3.463). According to @entity5 characteristics, no statistically significant difference was detected within astrocytic, @entity5 and oligodentrioglias. However, @entity1 with astrocytic astrocytic or oligoastrocytic @entity5 showed a higher frequency of AG genotype (50%) when compared to those with @entity5 (27.3%). Our results indicate a possible relation between @entity9374 formation and CCDN1 genotype.

title: @entity4910 gene XXXX variants and primary @entity1313 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain cancer', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['glial tumors', 'tumor', 'oligoasltrocytic tumors', 'cancers', 'oligodendrioglial tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity9374 :: ('MESH:D004892', 'Disease') :: ['gliobilastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

answer: @entity23622 :: (c|SUB|G|870|A,DNAMutation) :: ['G870A']


abstract: Normal function of insulin-like growth factor II receptor ( @entity13208 ) gene has been associated with negative control of @entity5 growth in vivo and in vitro. Rare alleles at a 3' UTR short tandem repeat polymorphism of @entity13208 are known to decrease transcript stability. One such allele ( @entity45827 ) increases significantly the risk of @entity957 and @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) in Caucasians. To determine potential association(s) between @entity45827 presence and development and/or progression of disease, we examined in 103 @entity1149 @entity1 , free of @entity13208 allelic imbalance aberrations, the 3' UTR allelic status in relation to @entity5 kinetic parameters (proliferation index-PI and apoptotic index-AI) and clinicopathological data. PCR and automated sequence analyses were employed to genotype the @entity13208 3' UTR polymorphism. Given that, oncogenic mitogens, which escape degradation by @entity13208 , can also activate @entity876 through a DNA damage response, the patterns between @entity876 status and @entity13208 genetic constitution were also evaluated in relation to the above parameters. The @entity45827 variant was significantly more common (p=0.005, chi2-test) in @entity2 @entity1 (25% vs 15%). Its presence was accompanied by high cellular proliferation (p=0.028, t-test) along with @entity5 cell growth (GI=PI/AI) (p=0.022, t-test) and it was significantly found in advanced stages. Also, @entity1 carrying the @entity45827 in their genetic constitution that exhibit aberrant @entity876 expression have faster growing @entity5 and progress more rapidly to advanced stages. In conclusion, the @entity45828 variant probably provides a selective advantage for @entity1149 progression through @entity5 growth.

title: The 3' UTR @entity45828 variant is associated with XXXX growth and advanced stages in @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'increased tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['increased tumor']


abstract: @entity4903 has been associated with @entity8 . The present study was conducted to explore reproductive function in male @entity35 with chronic @entity3450 . Experimental chronic @entity3450 was induced by the administration of 7.5, 5.0 and 5.0 mg per 100 g body weight of @entity8424 on days 0, 21 and 35, respectively. Reproductive function was evaluated on the basis of hormonal concentrations, mass of accessory sex organs and fertility during an 84 day period. Circulating LH, FSH, @entity251 and @entity53 concentrations were measured by specific radioimmunoassays, while fertility was estimated by the rate of pregnancy induction. Samples were collected on days 7, 14, 28, 56 and 84. The results showed @entity4903 characterized by low concentrations of LH and FSH during the first month, after which concentrations were similar to control values or even increased on days 56 and 84. @entity251 and @entity53 decreased significantly at all time points evaluated. The mass of the testes did not alter. However, the mass of the prostate and seminal vesicle decreased only during the first 2 weeks, and became essentially normal thereafter. The reproductive capacity of @entity1985 males was eliminated on day 7, whereas on day 14, 16% of the group was able to mate successfully and subsequently most animals recovered their normal reproductive function. This study demonstrates for the first time that @entity35 with experimental chronic @entity3450 develop @entity4903 , characterized mainly by persistent reduction in @entity251 concentrations, which impairs reproductive capacity only transiently.

title: Reproductive function in male @entity35 with chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity3450 :: ('MESH:D009401', 'Disease') :: ['nephrosis']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity8424 :: ('MESH:D011692', 'Chemical') :: ['puromycin aminonucleoside']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['Endocrine dysfunction', 'an important endocrine dysfunction']

answer: @entity3450 :: (MESH:D009401,Disease) :: ['nephrosis']


abstract: Laboratory and clinical studies were performed on a new semisynthetic @entity5898 , @entity5503 (CMD), and following results were obtained. (1) Serum concentrations and urinary recovery rates of CMD were determined after an intravenous administration of CMD 30 mg/kg in 13 @entity1 with normal renal function. In 5 of 13 children, mean serum levels after a one shot intravenous injection were 112.5 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 52.2 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 23.3 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 4.9 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and trace at 4 hours. In other 5 children, mean serum levels after drip infusion for 1 hour were 78 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 59 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 9.8 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and trace at 4 hours, after the onset of drip infusion. In the remaining 3 @entity1 who received CMD by drip infusion for 2 hours, mean serum levels were 24.3 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 35.3 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 30.2 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 5.3 micrograms/ml at 3 hours and 1.5 micrograms/ml at 4 hours after the onset of drip infusion. Urinary recovery rates in 5 @entity1 were 154.7%, 98.3%, 93.2%, 111.8% and 66.9%, respectively, during 8 hours. (2) CMD was administered to 40 @entity1 with @entity281 (acute U.T.I. 8, @entity951 ; 2, acute @entity3617 ; 5, cervical @entity3298 ; 2, post-measles @entity3127 ; 3, acute @entity3127 ; 18, pyothorax; 2, S.S.S. syndrome; 1) by one-shot intravenous injection at a dose of 40-120 mg/kg per day. The clinical efficacy rate was 92.5% and bacteriological efficacy rate was 79.2%. (3) As the side effect of CMD, @entity1712 was observed in 1 case, @entity1910 and elevation of GOT and @entity6283 in 1 case, and @entity644 in 1 case.

title: [Laboratory and clinical studies on XXXX in pediatric field (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity5503 :: ('MESH:D002435', 'Chemical') :: ['cefamandole']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['various infections']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['acute angina lacunaris']

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['purulent lymphadenitis']

answer: @entity5503 :: (MESH:D002435,Chemical) :: ['cefamandole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity674 ( @entity674 ) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. They are believed to originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) or from the precursors of ICCs. Most @entity674 show an activating mutation in either the @entity2467 or @entity675 ( @entity675 ) gene. @entity5 size, mitotic rate, and anatomic location correlate with potential @entity5 and recurrence rate. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 12 @entity1 were diagnosed to have @entity674 based on histology or immunohistochemistry of a biopsy or resection specimen obtained from the GI tract in the 2004-2009 period. The material was obtained using retrospective data collection. RESULTS: The male to female ratio was 1:1; mean age 68.2 +/- 7.0 years. The stomach was involved in seven cases (58.3%), the small intestine in four (33.3%), and from a lymph node without the finding of a @entity5 was material obtained in one case (8.3%). The course was asymptomatic in four @entity1 (incidental findings). All 12 @entity1 had surgery; a curative procedure was undertaken in 11 @entity1 . A spindle-cell pattern was present in 8/12 of the specimens examined, epithelioid in 2/12 and a mixed pattern in two cases. Ten specimens were CD117 positive (83.3%), two were negative; all 10 examined specimens exhibited @entity2280 positivity while two were not examined. The findings were classified as @entity674 with a high risk of progressive disease in three @entity1 , with a moderate risk in one @entity1 , and a low or very low degree of @entity5 in five @entity1 . @entity674 smaller than 2 cm in three @entity1 were regarded as essentially benign. All @entity1 with low and very low risk of progressive disease survive for 1 to 5 years free of signs. Of the three @entity1 with high degree of @entity5 , one died within one year for dissemination, the two remaining @entity1 survive for over two years and six month postoperatively on therapy with @entity669 kinase inhibitors. CONCLUSION: Tumors classified as @entity674 with low and very low risk of progression are associated with a very good prognosis, with virtually all @entity1 surviving 5 years. In @entity1 with high risk or progressive diseases, the prognosis of 5-year survival is much poorer. The main therapeutic option is surgical @entity5 (resection or broad excision). Agents showing promise for @entity1 with malignant forms of @entity674 are @entity669 kinase receptor inhibitors. Although @entity2213 is currently used as a first line treatment for all @entity1 with metastatic or unresectable @entity674 , it is likely that this treatment will change in the future based on the underlying mutational status.

title: XXXX ( @entity674 ): a single center experience.

entities_list: @entity675 :: ('5156', 'Gene') :: ['platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha', 'PDGFRA']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'removal of the tumor', 'primary tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'GIST', 'Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: A new @entity19 @entity19279 gene has been isolated that codes for a @entity19279 protein of 505 @entity535 residues. Based on the predicted molecular mass of 57.115 kDa, it has been designated @entity48561 . Similar to most other @entity19 @entity19279 genes, the coding region of @entity48561 is not interrupted by introns and exists in the @entity19 genome as a single-copy gene. Within the @entity19279 family, this new gene shows highest sequence identity to porcine @entity19279 -60 in the alpha group of connexins. The @entity48561 gene was mapped to a position on @entity19 chromosome 4, 30 centimorgans proximal to a cluster of previously mapped @entity19279 genes. Low levels of @entity48561 mRNA were detected in skin, heart, kidney, testis, ovary, intestine, and in the @entity19 embryo after 8 days post coitum, but expression was not detected in @entity409 . In order to analyze gene function, the @entity48561 coding region was expressed by transfection in @entity1 HeLa cells, where it restored homotypic intercellular transfer of microinjected neurobiotin. Heterotypic transfer was observed between HeLa @entity48561 transfectants and HeLa cells, expressing @entity19 @entity16899 , -37, or -30.3. Double whole-cell voltage clamp analyses revealed that HeLa- @entity48561 transfectants expressed about 10 times more channels than parental HeLa cells. Voltage gating by transjunctional and transmembrane voltages as well as unitary conductance ( approximately 27 picosiemens) were different from intrinsic @entity19279 channels in parental HeLa cells.

title: Molecular cloning and functional expression of the @entity19 gap junction gene @entity48561 in XXXX HeLa cells.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['brain, sciatic nerve or liver']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The interaction of @entity12279 ( @entity8681 ) polyplexes with proteins in @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) airway secretions poses a significant hurdle to this nonviral delivery system. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether albumin may increase the efficiency of @entity8681 complexes in mediating gene transfer into respiratory epithelial cells in the presence of @entity1577 mucus. METHODS: @entity8681 (25 kDa) was complexed to DNA in the presence of human serum albumin (HSA) and used to transfect confluent A549 and 9HTEo- cells. Alternatively, albumin was added to preformed @entity8681 -DNA complexes. The @entity137 of complexes was analysed by the LDH ( @entity880 dehydrogenase) assay. @entity1577 CFT1-C2 cells were allowed to polarise and were transfected either with luciferase- or @entity5174 -expressing plasmids. To evaluate the effect of @entity1577 respiratory secretions on transfection efficiency, confluent cells were transfected in the presence of sputum obtained from two @entity1577 @entity1 . RESULTS: The ternary @entity8681 -HSA complexes increased luciferase expression in confluent cultures in a dose-dependent fashion up to 100 times as compared to @entity8681 -DNA. The number of GFP-expressing cells, as evaluated by epifluorescence, was augmented several-fold. When HSA was added to preformed @entity8681 -DNA complexes, a further 5-10-fold increase in gene expression was observed. No significant @entity137 was observed with either @entity8681 or @entity8681 -HSA polyplexes. The ternary complexes determined detectable @entity5174 gene transfer and expression at the apical membrane in polarised CFT1-C2 cells, as evaluated by confocal microscopy. @entity1577 sputum inhibited @entity8681 -mediated gene transfer by 7-186-fold. Although luciferase expression mediated by @entity8681 -HSA was still inhibited by @entity1577 sputum, these levels were 18-83.8-fold higher than with @entity8681 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that albumin increases @entity8681 gene transfer efficiency in confluent and polarised respiratory epithelial cells and can allow @entity5174 gene expression in the appropriate cellular compartment. @entity8681 -HSA complexes display a higher efficiency than @entity8681 also in the presence of @entity1577 sputum, indicating that albumin-containing polyplexes may help overcome barriers imposed by @entity1577 airway secretions.

title: Serum albumin enhances XXXX -mediated gene delivery to @entity1 respiratory epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity12279 :: ('MESH:D011094', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylenimine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity12279 :: (MESH:D011094,Chemical) :: ['polyethylenimine']


abstract: With an aging population worldwide, the frequency of @entity3604 is increasing. Therefore, biological methods to enhance the internal fixation of @entity3604 becomes more important to reduce the societal burden of care. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the role of platelet-rich plasma ( @entity16447 ) in the treatment of @entity3604 and to clarify the best concentration of @entity16447 . Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells isolated from osteoporotic @entity35 were cultured in high- (8.21  0.4 10(9)/mL), medium-(2.65  0.2 10(9)/mL), and low-concentration (0.85  0.16 10(9)/mL) @entity16447 and in platelet-poor plasma (8  0.5 10(6) platelet/mL). The capacities of cell proliferation and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation were compared. A transverse osteotomy was performed in the middle of the left femoral diaphysis followed by K-wire fixation, and various concentrations of @entity16447 were transplanted into the @entity174 zone. Radiologic, mechanical, and histologic evaluations were performed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, respectively. The results indicated that @entity16447 could inhibit adipogenic differentiation and that medium-concentration @entity16447 was effective in inducing the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived from osteoporotic bone marrow and in promoting @entity174 healing, whereas high-concentration @entity16447 inhibited osteogenic differentiation and @entity5707 . Certain concentrations of @entity16447 can effectively enhance the healing of @entity3604 . Medium-concentration @entity16447 is a suitable concentration to use in practice.

title: Platelet-rich plasma promotes healing of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['callus remodeling']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A massive but reversible @entity62 (GM) @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ) has been recently reported. However, the literature on alterations in white matter (WM) volume and microstructure changes in both acutely underweight @entity1278 (acAN) and after recovery (recAN) is sparse and results are inconclusive. Here, T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI data in a sizable sample of young and medication-free acAN (n   =   35), recAN (n   =   32), and age-matched female @entity23 ( @entity23 , n   =   62) were obtained. For analysis, a well-validated global probabilistic tractography reconstruction algorithm including rigorous motion correction implemented in FreeSurfer: TRACULA (TRActs Constrained by UnderLying Anatomy) were used. Additionally, a clustering algorithm and a multivariate pattern classification technique to WM metrics to predict group membership were applied. No group differences in either WM volume or WM microstructure were detected with standard analysis procedures either in acAN or recAN relative to @entity23 after controlling for the number of performed statistical tests. These findings were not affected by age, IQ, or @entity146 symptoms. While cluster analysis was unsuccessful at discriminating between groups, multivariate pattern classification showed some ability to separate acAN from @entity23 (but not recAN from @entity23 ). However, these results were not compatible with a straightforward hypothesis of @entity62 . The current findings suggest that WM integrity is largely preserved in non-chronic @entity1278 . This finding stands in contrast to findings in GM, but may help to explain the relatively intact cognitive performance of young @entity1 with @entity1278 and provide the basis for the fast recovery of GM structures. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4069-4083, 2016.    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Preserved white matter microstructure in young XXXX with @entity1278 ?

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['volumes in Anorexia Nervosa', 'AN']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['healthy controls', 'HC']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of cortical thickness and subcortical gray matter', 'impaired WM microstructure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']