abstract: OBJECTIVES: To perform a comparative evaluation and follow-up of @entity1 with @entity323 ( @entity323 ) who were treated with intracavernous injection of vasoactive drugs, starting with simple drugs and advancing to complex combinations. METHODS: The study included 625 @entity1 , 26 to 85 years old, with @entity323 . Four intracavernous injection protocols were used: protocol 1, @entity3302 plus @entity5521 ; protocol 2, @entity5015 ; protocol 3, @entity3302 , @entity5521 , and @entity5015 ; and protocol 4, @entity3897 , @entity3302 , @entity5521 , and @entity5015 . A positive response was defined as an erection sufficient for penetration. @entity1 for whom the basic protocol failed were successively switched to the more advanced protocols until a positive response was achieved. RESULTS: A positive response was achieved by 415 (66.4%) of the 625 @entity1 given protocol 1; 75 (36%) of the remaining 210 @entity1 given protocol 2; 98 (72.6%) of the 135 @entity1 given protocol 3; and 22 (59.5%) of 37 @entity1 given protocol 4. All four protocols failed in only 15 @entity1 (2. 4%). At the 3-year follow-up visit (n = 610), 349 had achieved coitus, 65 (10.6%) without an injection and 202 (33.1%) with an injection. Eighty-two @entity1 sometimes performed coitus without an injection. Sixty-three @entity1 (10.3%) abandoned the program because of marital or health problems; 198 asked to be switched to Viagra during the follow-up period, and 120 returned to the program. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our progressive treatment yielded a high positive response rate (97.6%), with 57.2% achieving successful coitus on follow-up. The main advantage of the program is that it spares @entity1 who are responsive earlier from using more complex, @entity158 , and costly drugs.

title: Three-year outcome of a progressive treatment program for XXXX with intracavernous injections of vasoactive drugs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E(1)']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine sulfate']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: An understanding of how sutural growth processes relate to the totality of cranial growth is necessary to cure the cause and not just the symptoms of @entity129 . There is no direct genetic determination for the origin, growth, size, shape or maintenance of bones. Rather, phenotypic expression of skeletal tissues is regulated via genetic information encoded in the cells of functional matrices. The primary morphogenetic event in neurocranial growth is the volumetric expansion of the neural mass, which causes the surrounding neurocranial capsule to expand. Calvarial bones arise at widely separated ossification centers and spread centrifugally towards each other. Premature synostosis of the @entity1 metopic suture was noted as a frequent characteristic of the @entity2419 skull. Primary morphological event associated with @entity8213 was a @entity600 . Cranial sutures permit passage of the neonatal head through the birth canal, permit slight relative variations between adjacent bones while keeping these same bones relatively approximated. All morphological attributes of carnial bones and of their sutures are extrinsically determined and regulated, including both the normal and premature @entity129 . It seems reasonable to the author that @entity8213 originates in the early embryonic prosencephalic head organizer, which makes it developmentally understandable.

title: Functional anatomy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['synostosis of the cranial sutures', 'cranial synostosis']

entities_list: @entity8213 :: ('MESH:D013580', 'Disease') :: ['premature synostosis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['cranial base malformation']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft-palate']

answer: @entity129 :: (MESH:D003389,Disease) :: ['cranial synostosis']


abstract: @entity442 ) is critical in the proliferation and regeneration of Chinese sika deer antler cells. The regulation of @entity442 is complex and remains unclear. In the present study, miRNA GeneChip   and TargetScan @entity1 software were used to identify microRNA  -1 ( @entity11433 ), which binds to the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of @entity442 . An @entity11433 mimic was transfected into antler cartilage cells in order to induce the overexpression of @entity11433 . The expression levels of @entity11433 in antler cartilage cells were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). A high  -throughput luciferase reporter screen was used to demonstrate the potential regulation of @entity442 by @entity11433 . @entity11433 suppressed the luciferase activity of the pmiR  - @entity442 by ~50% compared with the negative control (NC). An @entity98 assay and cell cycle analyses confirmed that the overexpression of @entity11433 significantly inhibited the proliferation of cartilage cells (P<0.05). Furthermore, western blot analysis revealed that overexpressed @entity11433 downregulated the protein levels of @entity442 . The 3'UTR of @entity442 was found to have an @entity11433 combining site, which allowed the inhibition of @entity442 protein expression, as demonstrated by a luciferase reporter assay, and @entity11433 was shown to be an important and effective means of regulating @entity442 . In conclusion, @entity11433 downregulated the protein expression of @entity442 by directly targeting the 3'UTR of @entity442 . @entity11433 may be crucial for inhibiting the proliferation of deer antler cartilage cells. Our findings provided the evidence for the first time that @entity11433 directly regulates the expression of @entity442 by directly targeting its 3'UTR.

title: MicroRNA  -1 inhibits the proliferation of Chinese sika deer  -derived cartilage cells by binding to the 3'-untranslated region of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['IGF  -1', 'Insulin  -like growth factor  -1 (IGF  -1', 'IGF-1']

answer: @entity442 :: (3479,Gene) :: ['IGF  -1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between HRQL measures with outcomes in @entity1 with metastatic @entity263 ( @entity263 ) is unclear. METHODS: Baseline and 12-week HRQL was collected using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the Functional Assessment of @entity5 Therapy - Prostate (FACT-P). Outcomes included: (1) survival; (2) time to disease progression and (3) time to @entity158 . Cox proportional hazards regression models were used. The relative predictive performance of each HRQL instrument and domain was compared. RESULTS: Baseline HRQL scores and 12-week change scores > the median were significant predictors of all clinical outcomes but varied by domain. For example, the hazard of death for a change in FACT-P Grand Total Score > median was 49% of the hazard for a change < or = the median. Including baseline or 12-week change in HRQL resulted in improvement in prediction performance. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with better baseline HRQL have better predicted survival, time to disease progression and @entity158 prognosis than those with worse HRQL. In addition, the 12-week change in HRQL appears to improve predictive accuracy for most clinical outcomes. It appears that greater deterioration in HRQL is prognostic for rapid disease progression.

title: Quality of life as a potential predictor for morbidity and mortality in XXXX with metastatic @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['hormone-refractory prostate cancer', 'HRPC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Although individuals with @entity161 show a lifetime prevalence of 50% for suffering from a comorbid substance use disorder, @entity734 usually represents an exclusion criterion for studies on @entity161 . This implies that surprisingly little is known about a large group of @entity1 who are particularly difficult to treat. The aim of the present work is to provide a brief and non-exhaustive overview of the current knowledgebase about neurobiological and cognitive underpinnings for dual diagnosis @entity161 @entity1 . Studies published within the last 20 years were considered using computerized search engines. The focus was on @entity1239 , @entity5834 , @entity167 , @entity835 and @entity2072 being among the most common substances of abuse. All drugs of abuse target dopaminergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission which are also involved in the pathophysiology of @entity161 . Current literature suggests that neurocognitive function might beless disrupted in substance-abusing compared to non-abusing @entity161 @entity1 , but in particular the neuroimaging database on this topic is sparse. Detrimental effects on brain structure and function were shown for @entity1 for whom @entity167 is the main substance of abuse. It is as yet unclear whether this finding might be an artifact of age differences of @entity1 subgroups with different @entity734 patterns. More research is warranted on the specific neurocognitive underpinnings of @entity161 @entity1 abusing distinct psychoactive substances. Treatment programs might either benefit from preserved cognitive function as a resource or specifically target @entity73 in different subgroups of addicted @entity161 @entity1 .

title: Comorbid substance use disorder in XXXX : a selective overview of neurobiological and cognitive underpinnings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Low-grade @entity1892 ( @entity1074 ) is a rare @entity6732 , with only seven previous cases described worldwide to date. We describe the only case to have presented with pulmonary amyloid nodules. A 63-year-old Japanese female was found to have an anterior @entity5 and multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules during a medical check-up in 1990 followed by chest radiography and computerized tomography. Because the @entity5 grew larger, she was referred to the National @entity5 Center Hospital East and hyperglobulinemia was pointed out. The thymus was resected through median sternotomy and pulmonary nodules were also resected through left thoracotomy. The solid and @entity5 with several small satellite extensions and cyst formation was completely confined to within the thymus and the resected pulmonary nodules consisted of solid masses with a rough surface. Histologically, monotonous medium-sized centrocyte-like cells occupied the medulla of the thymus and infiltrated Hassall's corpuscles (lymphoepithelial lesions) and the resected pulmonary nodules consisted of @entity1712 which showed birefringence on Congo Red staining. Immunohistochemically, the @entity5 cells were positive for @entity2225 and @entity7571 . IgG and kappa light chain restrictions were also found in plasmacytoid cells in the @entity5 . Clonal rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene was demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction. We diagnosed this case as low-grade B-cell @entity1074 in the thymus and nodular @entity2783 . Since the @entity1 had only localized amyloid deposits in the lung far from the thymic @entity706 and had high serum immunoglobulins, the @entity358 might be derived from a circulating precursor associated with hyperglobulinemia.

title: Low-grade @entity1892 in the thymus of a XXXX with pulmonary amyloid nodules.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic amorphous deposits']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mediastinal tumor', 'nodular tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT-type lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue']

entities_list: @entity6732 :: ('MESH:D013953', 'Disease') :: ['thymic tumor']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary amyloid deposits']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Destruction of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway by the administration of @entity2955 generates an animal model of @entity191 . The main characteristic of this progressive @entity16 is the loss of the dopaminergic neurons located in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Dopaminergic inputs from the SNc innervate the medium spiny neurons of the striatum and modulate the spontaneous activity of the primary output nuclei of the basal ganglia, globus pallidus interna, and substantia nigra pars reticulata. In our previous studies, we showed that systematically administered vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity12180 ) is effective at reversing @entity51 , decreasing neuronal cell death, and repairing the myelin sheet in @entity191 @entity35 . In the current study, the effects of @entity12180 on the dendritic morphology of the striatal neurons and the number of dopaminergic neurons in the SNc were examined in @entity2955 -lesioned @entity35 using Golgi-Cox staining and design-based stereological methods, respectively. Adult @entity35 were separated into sham-operated, bilaterally @entity2955 lesioned and lesioned + i.p. @entity12180 -injected (25 ng/kg) groups. @entity12180 was first injected 1 h after the intrastriatal @entity2955 microinjection (every 2 days for 15 days). The @entity2955 significantly decreased the total number of dopaminergic neurons, branching, and spine density of the medium spiny neurons in the striatum. @entity12180 significantly increased the number of neurons immunostained with @entity669 hydroxylase and the density of spines without altering the branching and the total length of dendrites. In conclusion, @entity12180 might display synaptogenetic activity by enhancing the spine density in the striatum of the @entity191 @entity35 .

title: Vasoactive intestinal peptide enhances striatal plasticity and prevents dopaminergic cell loss in XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinsonian']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The heat-resistant agglutinin 1 (Hra1) is an integral outer membrane protein found in @entity526 strains that are exceptional colonizers. Hra1 from enteroaggregative @entity526 042 is sufficient to confer adherence to @entity1 epithelial cells and to cause @entity2348 . Hra1 is closely related to the Tia invasin, which also confers adherence but not autoaggregation. We showed that Hra1 mediates autoaggregation by self-association and hypothesized that at least some surface-exposed @entity3689 sequences that are present in Hra1 but absent in Tia represent autoaggregation motifs. We inserted FLAG tags along the length of Hra1 and used immune-dot blots to verify that four in silico-predicted outer loops were indeed surface-exposed. In Hra1 we swapped nine candidate motifs in three of these loops, ranging from one to ten @entity3534 in length, to the corresponding sequences in Tia. Three of the motifs were required for Hra1-mediated autoaggregation. We searched the database for other surface proteins containing these motifs and found that the GGXWRDDXK motif was also present in a surface exposed-region of @entity40749 , a @entity2491 complement resistance protein. Cloning and site-specific mutagenesis demonstrated that @entity40749 can confer weak, GGXWRDDXK-dependent autoaggregation by self-association. Hra1 and @entity40749 appear to form heterologous associations and GGXWRDDXK is required on both molecules for Hra1- @entity40749 association. However, a GGYWRDDLKE peptide was not sufficient to interfere with Hra1-mediated autoaggregation. This study identified three autoaggregation motifs in an integral outer membrane protein and demonstrated that at least one of them works in a different cell-surface context.

title: Self-association motifs in the enteroaggregative XXXX heat-resistant agglutinin 1.

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial autoaggregation']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli strain']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: We conducted a study using @entity353 ( @entity353 ) and perfusion-weighted (PWI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate the efficacy of thrombolysis in an @entity64 model with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and hirulog, a novel direct-acting antithrombin. @entity353 can identify areas of @entity63 minutes from @entity64 onset, while PWI identifies regions of impaired blood flow. Right internal carotid arteries of 36 @entity95 were embolized using aged heterologous thrombi. Baseline @entity353 and PWI scans were obtained to confirm successful embolization. Four animals with no observable @entity353 lesion on the initial scan were excluded; therefore, a total of 32 animals were randomized to one of three treatment groups: rt-PA (n = 11), rt-PA plus hirulog (n = 11), or placebo (n = 10). Treatment was begun 1 h after @entity64 induction. Intravenous doses were as follows: rt-PA, 5 mg/kg over 0.5 h with 20% of the total dose given as a bolus; hirulog, 1 mg/kg bolus followed by 5 mg/kg over 1 h. MRI was performed at 2, 3, and 5 h following embolization. Six hours after embolization, brains were harvested, examined for @entity548 , then prepared for histologic analysis. The rt-PA decreased fibrinogen levels by 73%, and hirulog prolonged the aPTT to four times the control value. Posttreatment areas of diffusion abnormality and perfusion delay were expressed as a ratio of baseline values. Significantly improved perfusion was seen in the rt-PA plus hirulog group compared with placebo (normalized ratios of the perfusion delay areas were as follows: placebo, 1.58, 0.47-3.59; rt-PA, 1.12, 0.04-3.95; rt-PA and hirulog, 0.40, 0.02-1.08; p < 0.05). Comparison of diffusion abnormality ratios measured at 5 h showed trends favoring reduced lesion size in both groups given rt-PA (normalized ratios of diffusion abnormality areas were as follows: placebo, 3.69, 0.39-15.71; rt-PA, 2.57, 0.74-5.00; rt-PA and hirulog, 1.95, 0.33-6.80; p = 0.32). Significant @entity1779 was observed in one placebo, two rt-PA, and three rt-PA plus hirulog treated animals. One fatal systemic @entity548 was observed in each of the rt-PA groups. We conclude that rt-PA plus hirulog improves cerebral perfusion but does not necessarily reduce @entity131 . @entity353 and PWI are useful methods for monitoring thrombolysis.

title: Improved perfusion with rt-PA and hirulog in a XXXX model of @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral injury']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['embolic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['DWI', 'diffusion-weighted']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: @entity121 are a common consequence of @entity165 -lowering therapy. Transverse tubular (T-tubular) vacuolations occur in @entity1 having statin-associated @entity121 and, to a lesser extent, in statin-treated @entity1 without @entity121 . We have investigated quantitative changes in T-tubular morphology and looked for early indicators of T-tubular membrane repair in skeletal muscle biopsy samples from @entity1 receiving @entity165 -lowering therapy who do not have @entity121 side effects. Gene expression and protein levels of incipient membrane repair proteins were monitored in @entity1 who tolerated statin treatment without @entity121 and in statin-naive subjects. In addition, morphometry of the T-tubular system was performed. Only the gene expression for @entity216 was up-regulated, whereas the expression of other repair genes remained unchanged. However, @entity216 and @entity29729 protein levels were significantly increased. In statin-treated @entity1 , the volume fraction of the T-tubular system was significantly increased, but the volume fraction of the sarcoplasmic reticulum remained unchanged. A complex surface structure in combination with high mechanical loads makes skeletal muscle plasma membranes susceptible to injury. @entity141 -dependent membrane repair proteins such as @entity29729 and @entity216 are deployed at T-tubular sites. The up-regulation of @entity216 gene expression and protein points to this protein as a biomarker for T-tubular repair.

title: @entity216 is a biomarker of T-tubular repair in skeletal muscle of nonmyopathic XXXX undergoing statin therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Skeletal muscle complaints', 'myopathic', 'myopathy']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The goals of this study were to quantitate biochemical markers of bone metabolism on days 1-15 after bilateral tibial @entity236 surgery in young adult @entity35 and to determine the effect of a single dose of @entity1667 (2 mg/kg) or deflazacort (2.5 mg/kg) given at the time of ablation. Unexpectedly, serum @entity460 levels rose to a maximum of 15.9 mg/dl on day 7 after @entity236 and remained above normal through day 15. This increase was blocked by a single intramedullary injection of @entity1667 or deflazacort immediately following ablation; however, the fact that both drugs produced a characteristic rapid 3- to 10-fold increase in the serum @entity14445 level demonstrates that the drugs rapidly reached the circulation. Both @entity1667 and @entity42962 also inhibited intramedullary deposition of collagen by 40-60% on day 7, a time near which operated control animals achieved maximal accumulation of new bone in this model. Histological comparisons among the three experimental groups were largely consistent with biochemical results. The urinary @entity720 / @entity908 ratio for the operated control group doubled on day 3 and then returned to presurgical levels on day 7 and later. The timing and size of the @entity720 / @entity1011 peak, as well as the fact that the intratibial osteoclastic response peaks on days 8-10 after ablation, suggests it results from extratibial bone resorption induced by @entity236 . Consistent with this rationale, urinary @entity460 excretion in operated controls rose 9-fold from day 0 to day 3 and appeared to plateau over the period from day 3 to day 9, before returning to a near presurgical level on day 15. Elevated excretion of @entity460 noted on days 9-15 in deflazacort-treated animals, which occurs in the absence of a detectable increase in resorption marker @entity720 , may however be due to the known action of glucocorticoids in increasing kidney filtration of @entity460 . In summary, this is the first report to show that bilateral tibial @entity236 in @entity35 causes a rapid @entity2741 and calciuria which is accompanied initially by a peak of bone resorption marker urinary @entity720 . We speculate that the source of @entity460 and @entity720 is extratibial osteoclastic bone resorption induced by circulating cytokines whose release from ablated @entity2045 is inhibitable by @entity1667 and deflazacort.

title: Bilateral tibial XXXX in @entity35 induces a rapid @entity2741 arising from extratibial bone resorption inhibitable by @entity1667 or deflazacort.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['tibias or osteoclastogenic action']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow ablation']

entities_list: @entity42962 :: ('MESH:C021988', 'Chemical') :: ['deflazacort']

answer: @entity236 :: (MESH:D001855,Disease) :: ['marrow ablation']


abstract: Systematic studies were carried out on two different strains (Gatersleben and Cairo) of HYOSCYAMUS MUTICUS L. (Solananaceae) in order to analyse the variation in the contents of the two main tropa-alkaloids in individual plants and protoplast-derived cell culture clones. The @entity3897 content was determined by radioimmunoassay, the @entity5591 content by radio- and enzymeimmunoassay and the total @entity39895 content by @entity39896 assay. The development stage of the plant is important for alkaloid production. Clear maximal foliar @entity5591 and @entity3897 contents were reached at the onset of flowering and during the full blooming stage, respectively. In the roots the changes in the production of these alkaloids were not considerable. @entity3897 is a major alkaloid in the plants as well as in the cell culture clones. In a few exceptions the @entity5591 content was greater than that of @entity3897 , but this phenomenon was not inherited by the cultured clones derived from these plants. High and low @entity39897 alkaloid production was inherited by the selfed F (1), generation plants. Great variability in these alkaloids was observed among individual plants or clones in the same plant or clone population. There was a significant difference between the Cairo strain and the Gatersleben strain as regards their ability to produce @entity39895 . Haploid plants of both strains contained more @entity3897 and @entity5591 than the diploid ones. @entity3897 and @entity5591 were the main alkaloids in the clones and in the plants. Via QNB-assay an interesting clone was found which contains remarkable amounts of unknown @entity39897 -group alkaloids.

title: Variation in the XXXX Content of Hyoscyamus muticus Plants and Cell Culture Clones.

entities_list: @entity39895 :: ('CHEBI:37332', 'Chemical') :: ['tropane alkaloid', 'tropane alkaloids']

entities_list: @entity39896 :: ('MESH:D011813', 'Chemical') :: ['quinuclidinyl benzilate']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['hyoscyamine', 'Hyoscyamine']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

answer: @entity39895 :: (CHEBI:37332,Chemical) :: ['Tropane Alkaloid']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of @entity737 ( @entity737 ) for @entity943 was assessed. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature of systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials that reported mortality outcomes associated with @entity737 compared with antiarrhythmic drug therapy in @entity1 at risk of @entity1164 due to @entity943 was undertaken. Economic evaluations were also sought. Inclusion criteria, data extraction, and quality assessment were undertaken by standard methodology. A decision analytic model was constructed using best available evidence to determine cost-effectiveness in a UK setting. RESULTS: Eight randomized controlled trials, two systematic reviews, and a meta-analysis met the inclusion criteria and were of variable quality. Evidence suggests that ICDs reduce mortality in both secondary and primary prevention, although the magnitude of benefit depends on baseline risk for @entity1164 . Incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year ranged from 52,000 UK pounds ( 98,000) to over 200,000 UK pounds ( 379,000), depending on mortality risk and assumptions made. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence suggests that ICDs reduce total mortality but may be cost-effective only in some subgroups of @entity1 at high risk of @entity943 . Further research is needed on risk stratification of @entity1 in whom ICDs are most likely to be clinically and cost-effective.

title: Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of XXXX for @entity943 : a systematic review and economic evaluation.

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillators']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

answer: @entity737 :: (MESH:D057873,Disease) :: ['implantable cardioverter defibrillators']


abstract: Biofilm-forming cells are distinct from well characterized planktonic cells and aggregate in the extracellular matrix, the so-called @entity3144 ( @entity3144 ). The sinR gene of @entity3881 encodes a transcriptional regulator that is known to be involved in the biosynthesis of @entity3144 in biofilms. @entity2523 inhabits the subgingival and extraradicular biofilm of @entity1 and is one of the primary pathogens that cause progressive marginal and refractory apical @entity2521 . Furthermore, @entity2523 possesses PGN_0088, which encodes a putative ortholog of @entity3881 sinR. Here, we investigated the role of PGN_0088 (sinR) on biofilm formation. @entity2523 strains formed biofilms on saliva-coated glass surfaces in @entity1391 buffered saline. Quantitative analysis indicated that the biofilm of the sinR null mutant consisted of dense exopolysaccharide. Microscopic observations showed that the increased levels of exopolysaccharide produced by the sinR mutant changed the morphology of the @entity3144 to a mesh-liked structure. Furthermore, physical analyses suggested that the enrichment of exopolysaccharide in the @entity3144 enhanced the resistance of the biofilm to hydrodynamic shear force. The results presented here demonstrate sinR plays important roles in the ability of @entity36978 to act as a negative mediator of exopolysaccharide accumulation and is indirectly associated with the structure of the @entity3144 and the force of its adhesion to surfaces.

title: The sinR ortholog PGN_0088 encodes a transcriptional regulator that inhibits polysaccharide synthesis in XXXX biofilms.

entities_list: @entity36978 :: ('431947', 'Species') :: ['P. gingivalis strain ATCC 33277']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3144 :: ('MESH:C535509', 'Disease') :: ['EPS', 'extracellular polymeric substances']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis', 'B. subtilis']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity36978 :: (431947,Species) :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277']


abstract: Residual stress in an organ is defined as the stress that remains when all external loads are removed. Residual stress has generally been ignored in published papers on left ventricular wall stress. To take residual stress into account in the analysis of stress distributions in a beating heart, one must first measure the residual strain in the no-load state of the heart. Residual strains in equatorial cross-sectional rings (2-3 mm thick) of five @entity972 -arrested @entity35 left ventricles were measured. The effects of friction and external loading were reduced by submersing the specimen in fluid, and a hypothermic, @entity6564 arresting solution containing @entity594 and EGTA was used to delay the onset of @entity5649 . Stainless steel microspheres (60-100 microns) were lightly imbedded on the surface of the slices, and the coordinates of the microspheres were digitized from photographs taken before and after a radial cut was made through the left ventricular free wall. Two-dimensional strains computed from the deformation of a slice after one radial cut were defined as the residual strains in that slice. It was found that the distributions of the principal residual stretch ratios were asymmetric with respect to the radial cut: in areas where substantial transmural strain gradients existed, the distributions of strain components were different on the two sides of the radial cut. A second radial cut produced deformations significantly smaller than those produced from the first radial cut. Hence, a slice with one radial cut may be considered stress free.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Residual strain in XXXX left ventricle.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity5649 :: ('MESH:D054061', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic contracture']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity6564 :: ('MESH:D020513', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemic']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are one of the major life-threatening infectious conditions in @entity5 @entity1 and are responsible for prolonged hospital stays, high healthcare costs and significant mortality. Several clinical trials have reported an improved survival in @entity1 treated with appropriate empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. Early detection of pathogens and determination of their susceptibility are essential for the optimization of treatment. Variability between hospitals is substantial and requires the individual analysis of local trends. The aim of this study is to assess the local epidemiology of BSI in a single @entity5 centre over a 10-year period. METHODS: Retrospective microbiological surveillance of all febrile/infective episodes occurring in oncological and surgical @entity1 in a high-volume @entity5 centre between January 1999 and December 2008 were considered. @entity1 ' data were collected, processed and analyzed using the epidemiological resource of the Virtuoso Plus software (Metafora Informatica Srl, Milano, Italy). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, including the two-tailed test of significance, was used to investigate trends of incidence and rate of antibiotic resistance over the 10-year period. RESULTS: A total of 13,058 blood cultures (BCs) were performed in 2,976 @entity1 . BCs were positive in 2,447 tests, representing 740 infective/febrile episodes: 358 (48%) in medical oncology and 382 (52%) in surgical wards. Gram-positives were responsible for the majority of episodes in oncological and surgical divisions (about 63% and 55%, respectively). Gram-positives were also the most common organism in non-catheter-related BSIs (CRBSIs) both in medical oncology (75%) and in surgical divisions (50%). Enterococci showed an increased resistance to @entity800 , from 5.6% to 25.7% (p = 0.02) and to @entity2929 , from 41.7% to 61.4%, (p = 0.05). Similarly, coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) developed resistance to @entity800 and @entity2177 , passing from 33.9% to 67.4% (p = 0.01) and from 5.6% to 25.7% (p = 0.01), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Gram-positives are the main pathogens of BSIs; there is no difference in aetiology of CRBSIs between surgical and oncological @entity1 . The lower incidence of gram-positive non-CRBSIs in surgical @entity1 was probably due to gram-negative infections secondary to surgical complications.

title: Ten-year surveillance of nosocomial bloodstream infections: trends of aetiology and antimicrobial resistance in a comprehensive XXXX centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Contact force sensing radiofrequency ablation and the new generation cryoballoon ablation are prevalent techniques for the treatment of @entity955 . AIM: The authors aimed to compare the procedural and 1-year outcome of @entity1 after radiofrequency and cryoballoon ablation. METHOD: 96 @entity1 with @entity955 (radiofrequency ablation: 58, cryoballoon: 38 @entity1 ; 65 @entity1 and 31 @entity1 aged 28-70 years) were enrolled. At postprocedural 1, 3, 6 and 12 months ECG, Holter monitoring and telephone interviews were performed. RESULTS: Procedure and fluorosocopy time were: radiofrequency ablation, 118.5    15 min and 15.8        6 min; cryoballoon, 73.5        16 min (p<0.05) and 13.8        4.,1 min (p = 0.09), respectively. One year later freedom from @entity955 was achieved in 76.5% of @entity1 who underwent radiofrequency ablation and in 81% of @entity1 treated with cryoballoon. Temporary @entity129 occurred in two @entity1 and @entity2293 developed in one @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In this single center study freedom from @entity955 was similar in the two groups with significant shorter procedure time in the cryoballoon group. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(22), 849-854.

title: [Catheter ablation for XXXX : new generation cryoballoon or contact force sensing radiofrequency ablation?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['phrenic nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'paroxysmal atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial tamponade']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['paroxysmal atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14220 is a well-established risk factor for @entity0 . We investigated the association between three different methods of measuring density or parenchymal pattern/texture on digitized film-based mammograms, and examined to what extent textural features independently and jointly with density can improve the ability to identify screening @entity1 at increased risk of @entity0 . METHODS: The study included 121 cases and 259 age- and time matched controls based on a cohort of 14,736 @entity1 with negative screening mammograms from a population-based screening programme in Denmark in 2007 (followed until 31 December 2010). Mammograms were assessed using the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) density classification, Tab  r's classification on parenchymal patterns and a fully automated texture quantification technique. The individual and combined association with @entity0 was estimated using binary logistic regression to calculate Odds Ratios (ORs) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUCs). RESULTS: Cases showed significantly higher BI-RADS and texture scores on average than controls (p   <   0.001). All three methods were individually able to segregate @entity1 into different risk groups showing significant ORs for BI-RADS D3 and D4 (OR: 2.37; 1.32-4.25 and 3.93; 1.88-8.20), Tab  r's PIII and PIV (OR: 3.23; 1.20-8.75 and 4.40; 2.31-8.38), and the highest quartile of the texture score (3.04; 1.63-5.67). AUCs for BI-RADS, Tab  r and the texture scores (continuous) were 0.63 (0.57-0-69), 0.65 (0.59-0-71) and 0.63 (0.57-0-69), respectively. Combining two or more methods increased model fit in all combinations, demonstrating the highest AUC of 0.69 (0.63-0.74) when all three methods were combined (a significant increase from standard BI-RADS alone). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the (relative) amount of fibroglandular tissue (density) and mammographic structural features (texture/parenchymal pattern) jointly can improve risk segregation of screening @entity1 , using information already available from normal screening routine, in respect to future personalized screening strategies.

title: XXXX and structural features can individually and jointly contribute to @entity0 risk assessment in mammography screening: a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity14220 :: ('MESH:C564595', 'Disease') :: ['Mammographic density']

answer: @entity14220 :: (MESH:C564595,Disease) :: ['Mammographic density']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9 is complex, and a satisfactory therapeutic method of treatment has yet to be developed; therefore, finding a new and effective therapeutic method is an important issue in the field of @entity9 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of hyperbaric @entity26 (HBO) on @entity158 and @entity842 synthase (NOS) expression in a @entity35 model of @entity9 . METHODS: Forty male @entity35 were randomly divided into five groups (eight @entity35 per group) including control, sham operation, sciatic nerve with @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ), HBO pretreatment (pre-HBO) and HBO post-treatment (post-HBO) groups. @entity158 and NOS expression in the spinal cord were compared among the five groups. RESULTS: Compared with the @entity8638 group, the mechanical withdrawal threshold was significantly increased and thermal withdrawal latency was significantly extended in the pre-HBO and post-HBO groups (all P<0.05). After @entity8638 , expression of spinal neuronal NOS and inducible NOS were increased. Expression of spinal neuronal NOS and inducible NOS were significantly decreased in the pre-HBO and post-HBO groups compared with the @entity8638 group (all P<0.05). Spinal eNOS expression changed very little. DISCUSSION: HBO has been used as an effective and noninvasive method for the treatment of @entity1566 and @entity5754 , and in immunosuppression and stem-cell research; however, it has yet to be applied to the treatment of @entity9 . The present study indicated that HBO effectively increased mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency, demonstrating that HBO has therapeutic effects on @entity9 . CONCLUSION: HBO inhibits @entity158 in @entity35 with @entity8638 through the regulation of spinal NOS expression.

title: Effects of hyperbaric XXXX on @entity158 -related behaviors and @entity842 synthase in a @entity35 model of @entity9 .

entities_list: @entity5754 :: ('MESH:D000532', 'Disease') :: ['high-altitude sickness']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain-related behaviours', 'pain-related behaviours', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['chronic constriction injury', 'CCI']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'Neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Evaporation of water from the skin is an important mechanism in thermal homeostasis. Resistance hygrometry, in which the water vapor pressure gradient above the skin surface is calculated, has been the measurement method of choice in the majority of pediatric investigations. However, resistance hygrometry is influenced by changes in ambient conditions such as relative humidity, surface temperature, and convection currents. We have developed a ventilated capsule method that minimized these potential sources of measurement error and that allowed second-by-second, long-term, continuous measurements of evaporative water loss in sleeping @entity1 . Air with a controlled reference humidity (dew-point temperature = 0 degree C) is delivered to a small, lightweight skin capsule and mixed with the vapor on the surface of the skin. The dew point of the resulting mixture is measured by using a chilled mirror dew-point hygrometer. The system indicates leaks, is mobile, and is accurate within 2%, as determined by gravimetric calibration. Examples from a recording of a 13-wk-old full-term @entity1 obtained by using the system give evaporative water loss rates of approximately 0.02 mg @entity2507 .cm-2. @entity1009 for normothermic baseline conditions and values up to 0.4 mg @entity2507 .cm-2. @entity1009 when the subject was being warmed. The system is effective for clinical investigations that require dynamic measurements of water loss.

title: Dew-point hygrometry system for measurement of evaporative water loss in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Compressive residual stresses are commonly introduced into the near-surface regions of morse taper junctions of modular hip endoprostheses to prolong fatigue life. An increasing number of publications report that contamination of shot-peened surfaces can lead to enhanced corrosion and third body wear. This study evaluates deep rolling of @entity702 alloy rods as a possible alternative to shot peening. Ten rods of @entity3757 alloy with a diameter of 15 mm were deep rolled with various rolling parameters. The resulting surface topography and residual contamination was analyzed using a @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). The near-surface residual stress states after deep rolling were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction. The roughness of the surfaces before deep rolling was about R(z) = 14 microm, and after deep rolling surface roughness values of R(z) 0.4-7.5 microm were achieved. The results of the @entity4653 and EDAX analyses of the sample surface showed no evidence of surface contamination by particles or abrasion products caused by any process. At a pressure of 300 bar, compressive stress reached the maximum of -1150 MPa at a depth of 0.1 mm. @entity2632 thus allows a smooth and particle-free surface to be obtained and therefore shows promise as a surface treatment for mating surfaces of morse tapers in modular hip endoprostheses.

title: XXXX of @entity702 rods for application in modular total hip arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity2632 :: ('MESH:D057887', 'Disease') :: ['Deep rolling']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['scanning electron microscope', 'SEM']

answer: @entity2632 :: (MESH:D057887,Disease) :: ['Deep rolling']


abstract: The occurrence of @entity75 with or without other @entity519 / @entity1545 was evaluated in 100 intravenous (i.v.) @entity4521 addicts. The brains were collected consecutively from forensic autopsies during the period from January 1995 to June 1996. The autopsies were required by the police and performed at The Institute of Forensic Medicine, The National Hospital, Oslo. There were 21 @entity1 and 79 @entity1 , median age 32 (range 21-47) and 34 (19-60) years, respectively. Of 38 brains with abnormalities, twenty-five cases showed isolated or combined lesions of @entity519 /ischaemic origin. @entity75 were found in nine brains; six lesions were old, one was subacute (a couple of weeks), and two were part of recent, generalized @entity519 /ischaemia. Six @entity1 had old @entity1188 in the hippocampal formation, and one of them in combination with old @entity1188 . In seven brains small and old @entity1188 were found in watershed areas in the cerebellum. Between five and ten percent of i.v. @entity4521 addicts might have @entity1188 , either as the sole lesion, or combined with other manifestations of @entity519 / @entity1545 . This might give severe mental disturbances in the affected @entity1 .

title: @entity519 /ischaemic @entity75 , especially @entity75 , in XXXX addicts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic brain injuries', 'ischaemic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['pallidal lesions', 'Pallidal lesions']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['pallidal infarcts', 'infarcts']

answer: @entity4521 :: (MESH:D003932,Chemical) :: ['heroin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity843 is an unusual complication in @entity1 with @entity5 . In the gynecologic oncology @entity1 population, the most common etiology is operative lymph node dissection. The purpose of this study was to explore the incidence, presenting symptoms, methods of diagnosis and treatment modalities utilized for lymphatic @entity843 in @entity1 undergoing lymph node dissection for gynecologic @entity5 . METHODS: This observational study retrospectively reviewed the charts of @entity1 who underwent lymphadenectomy as part of the surgical management for a @entity5 . @entity1 that developed postoperative lymphatic @entity843 between January 2000 and December 2010 were included for analysis. Data extracted from the medical records included @entity5 pathology, number of harvested lymph nodes, postoperative course, method of diagnosis and treatment. RESULTS: From a total of 300 surgical staging procedures, 12 @entity1 with lymphatic @entity843 were identified (4%). The most common reported symptom was leakage of clear fluid per vagina (7, 58%), followed by @entity1661 (4, 33%). The median interval from surgery to development of symptoms was 12.5 days (range 0-22 days). 5 @entity1 had complete resolution of symptoms with dietary modifications alone while 7 @entity1 required paracentesis. The median time from surgery to resolution of symptoms was 44 days (range 9-99). CONCLUSION: @entity843 is an under recognized and infrequently reported @entity260 . Although it usually resolves spontaneously or with conservative management without sequelae, this condition can significantly prolong postoperative recovery and cause @entity1 discomfort. To our knowledge this is the largest group of @entity1 undergoing gynecologic surgical staging procedures to be reviewed for the occurrence of lymphatic @entity843 .

title: @entity843 following pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy procedures for gynecologic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'gynecologic cancer', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity843 :: ('MESH:D001201', 'Disease') :: ['ascites', 'Lymphatic ascites']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distension']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spirometric inclusion criteria for @entity565 drug studies often require resting airflow obstruction and resting bronchoconstriction. By current standards, these criteria define suboptimal to poor @entity565 control. OBJECTIVE: To determine what proportion of @entity748 @entity1 attending a tertiary University-based respiratory clinic meet typical drug study spirometric criteria of a baseline FEV1 of 50% to 80% predicted and > or = 15% delta FEV1 improvement following 200 micrograms inhaled @entity3045 . METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on charts of white caucasian @entity748 @entity1 attending three respiratory physician outpatient clinics at a University-based tertiary referral center. We reviewed charts of all @entity1 with @entity102 under current therapy. We excluded subjects with additional @entity358 that might affect lung function. Spirometric data were extracted from the most recent scheduled outpatient visit. RESULTS: We reviewed 590 charts of @entity1 with mean age 35.3 +/- 18.3 years (range 6 to 94), 43% male, and 50% atopic. There was objective evidence of variable airflow obstruction or airway hyperresponsiveness in 70.2%; the diagnosis of @entity565 was based on historical data alone in 29.8%. The majority of @entity1 (87.5%) required inhaled @entity288 with more than 50% using medium to high doses. Baseline FEV1 was > 80% in 84.6% of subjects, 50% to 80% in 14.4%, and < 50% in 1.0%. FEV1 improved by > or = 15% 10 to 15 minutes after 200 micrograms inhaled @entity3045 in 13.6%. Only 9.0% of the 590 @entity748 @entity1 fulfilled both criteria (FEV1 50% to 80% and delta FEV1 > or = 15%). CONCLUSION: Less than 10% of @entity748 @entity1 attending a tertiary referral respiratory clinic fulfilled typical spirometry inclusion criteria for @entity565 drug trials. We suggest this approach to enrollment in @entity565 drug studies be reevaluated.

title: The current dilemma with spirometric inclusion criteria for XXXX drug trials.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic asthma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: @entity715 is a complication of many @entity102 . @entity6 are common medical conditions frequently associated with a @entity49 state. Acidaemia has been shown to reduce coagulation. @entity1030 and @entity6 during acute deterioration can present with a severe acidaemia. The impact of this acidaemia on coagulation is poorly studied. @entity1 presenting with a diagnosis of @entity1576 from @entity1030 and a pH of less than 7.2 were included in our study. @entity1129 screen and a thromboelastograph (TEG) were performed on admission and 24 hours later. The mean pH on admission was 7.07 and mean base excess was -16.3. The activated partial thromboplastin time was associated with pH change but remained within the normal range (26-41 s). All other coagulation and TEG parameters failed to show evidence of association (p>0.05). In the two models of non-haemorrhagic @entity520 investigated, coagulation was not altered by the changes in pH. More work is needed to understand the complex relationship between factors affecting coagulation in individual disease processes.

title: An in vitro analysis of the effect of @entity520 on coagulation in XXXX states - a thromboelastograph study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulable']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illnesses']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic ketoacidosis or type II respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['A coagulation']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombosis']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic disease']


abstract: Components of the complement system are known to play an important role in the cytolytic process and in chemotaxis of leukocytes. Cobra venom factor specifically cleaves C3 activity via activation of the alternative (properdin) complement pathway. It does not act directly on C3. If C3 is involved in tissue @entity39 after @entity63 , cobra venom factor might reduce tissue damage after acute @entity1563 . Accordingly, in 14 control @entity235 occlusion of the left anterior descending artery was carried out for 24 h. Epicardial electrograms were recorded 15 min after occlusion, and 24 h later transmural specimens for @entity908 phosphokinase activity (CPK) and for histological analysis were obtained from the same sites. In another 14 experimental @entity235 , 20 U/kg cobra venom factor was given intravenously 30 min after occlusion. Serum complement levels fell within 2-4 h to <20% of normal. In the control @entity235 , the relationship between ST-segment elevation and CPK activity 24 h later was: log CPK = -0.06 ST + 1.48 (n = 111 specimens, 14 @entity235 , r = 0.77). In the experimental @entity235 , log CPK = -0.024 ST + 1.46 (n = 111 specimens, 14 @entity235 , r = 0.60), showing significantly different slopes (P < 0.001), i.e., less CPK @entity308 for any level of ST-segment elevation. Histologically, 69 of 71 sites (97%) with ST-segment elevation exceeding 2 mV in the control @entity235 showed signs of @entity39 24 h later, whereas in the experimental group only 43 of 79 sites (54%) with abnormal ST-segment elevations showed signs of @entity39 (P < 0.0005). At the same time, it was shown that the administration of cobra venom factor did not alter cardiac performance, collateral blood flow to the @entity63 myocardium or the clotting system, but infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the myocardium was decreased. It is concluded that cobra venom factor, by reducing the amount of C3 and C5 substrate available for chemotactic factor generation, or other as yet undefined mechanisms, protects the @entity63 myocardium from undergoing @entity39 , as judged by histology and local CPK activity. Hence, a new approach to limiting the extent of @entity583 after experimental @entity1563 , based upon inhibition of complement-dependent inflammatory processes, is demonstrated.

title: Reduction by cobra venom factor of myocardial necrosis after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarcts']

answer: @entity1563 :: (MESH:D054059,Disease) :: ['coronary artery occlusion']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess @entity121 in seated handicraft tasks using surface electromyography (sEMG) and visual analogue scale (VAS) ratings for trunk discomfort, and to assess the relationship of these responses. Twenty-three @entity1 were randomly assigned to assumed crossed-leg and heel sitting postures for 30  min. @entity2198 ( @entity2198 ) slopes for lumbar multifidus (LM) and internal oblique (IO) muscles and VAS ratings were recorded. Results revealed that the crossed-leg posture produced significantly steeper @entity2198 slopes for both sides of the LM and IO muscles than heel sitting. Greater VAS ratings were found in crossed-leg sitting posture than the heel sitting posture. The @entity2198 slopes and the VAS ratings had significant negative correlations for both postures. Findings support heel sitting in handicraft tasks over crossed-leg sitting due to greater @entity121 and discomfort during the latter posture. Results support VAS ratings as a complementary method to sEMG for identifying @entity121 . Practitioner Summary: Trunk muscle fatigue in handicraft work is a potential risk for @entity1643 . Based on EMG and discomfort analyses, heel sitting is preferred to crossed-leg posture. Discomfort ratings are consistent with EMG measures in identifying @entity121 in such postures.

title: Effects of handicraft sitting postures on lower XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['NMF', 'Normalised median frequency']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['trunk muscle fatigue']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['trunk muscle fatigue']


abstract: 1. The fetal hemoglobin (HbF) level was used as an indicator of the development of severe clinical complications in 89 @entity1 with @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ). 2. HbF was determined by the alkali denaturation technique. The mean HbF level was 6.7 +/- 4.2% (range, 0.7 to 19.2%) of total hemoglobin. 3. @entity881 were considered to be terminal events of morbidity and included 8 cerebrovascular accidents, 13 aseptic necroses of the femoral head and 17 leg @entity1066 episodes. 4. The characteristics of the test, including sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value were analyzed for different levels of HbF. 5. The overall specificities were 76, 76, and 85% for HbF levels greater than or equal to 8, 10 and 12%, respectively. The sensitivity of the test was low. The positive predictive value reached 71% for @entity1 with HbF greater than or equal to 8%. The data suggest that HbF level may be a useful indicator of the possibility of a @entity1 developing serious clinical complications.

title: Level of fetal hemoglobin as an indicator of clinical complications in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCA', 'sickle cell anemia']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['Major organ failures']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell anemia']


abstract: 1. It was found that in 3 day denervated soleus and EDL muscles nuclear division takes place. This can be stopped by administration of either @entity1487 or @entity1891 . 2. The increased sensitivity to @entity934 following denervation developed at a time when rapid cell division takes place. Both @entity1487 and @entity1891 prevent the development of denervation @entity56 both in soleus and EDL muscles. 3. @entity121 causes some cell division locally, but some phagocytic cells that infiltrate the damaged muscle appear to be blood-borne as their appearance within the muscle is not entirely prevented by either @entity1487 or @entity1891 . Correspondingly the development of increased sensitivity that follows @entity121 is only partly prevented by administration of cytotoxic drugs. 4. It is suggested that the presence of dividing cells is causally related to the development of denervation @entity56 .

title: Inhibition of cell division and the development of denervation XXXX in skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle injury', 'Muscle injury']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluoro-uracil']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['hypersensitivity']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ) is maintained by stimulating antibodies against the TSH receptor. @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ) is the main extrathyroidal manifestation of @entity2743 , potentially involving autoimmunity against the @entity442 receptor ( @entity2856 ). OBJECTIVE: We tested for autoantibodies against the @entity2856 ( @entity2856 ) in sera of @entity2743 @entity1 and controls and elucidated their possible implication in the disease. DESIGN: A diagnostic assay for @entity2856 -Ab was established with recombinant @entity1 @entity2856 as autoantigen. Serum samples or purified Ig preparations were analyzed for @entity2856 binding and modulation of @entity442 signaling in vitro. A total of 108 consecutive @entity2743 @entity1 represented on average by 5.4 separate serum samples per individual along with 92 healthy controls were analyzed. RESULTS: @entity2856 -Ab were detected in 10 serum samples from control subjects (11%) and in 60 samples (10%) from the @entity2743 patient serum bank. The positive @entity1 samples were derived from 15 individuals yielding an @entity2856 -Ab prevalence of 14% in @entity2743 . More than three consecutive samples were available from 11 of the 15 positive @entity2743 @entity1 spanning an average disease period of 2 years. @entity2856 -Ab concentrations were constantly elevated in these @entity1 demonstrating relatively stable @entity2856 -Ab expression over time. @entity2856 -Ab failed to stimulate @entity2856 autophosphorylation but instead inhibited @entity442 -induced signaling in hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. Similarly, growth of MCF7 @entity0 cells was inhibited by @entity2856 -Ab, supporting their classification as @entity442 antagonists. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate the existence of @entity2856 in @entity1 but do not support the hypothesis that the @entity2856 contribute to @entity2743 pathogenesis.

title: Autoantibodies to the XXXX receptor in @entity2743 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['GO', "Graves' orbitopathy", "Graves' disease", 'GD']

answer: @entity442 :: (3479,Gene) :: ['IGF1']


abstract: @entity130 may result in multiple @entity881 partially because of apoptotic cell death. The authors have previously shown that @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) improves survival in a @entity235 burn model. The aim of this study is to examine whether a @entity2052 improves survival in a rodent burn model and whether this was because of inhibition of cell apoptosis. @entity35 were subjected to third-degree 55% TBSA burns and randomized to treatment with a @entity2052 (300 mg/kg) or normal saline. One group of animals was monitored for 12 hours for survival analysis; another group was killed at 6 hours after injury, and brains, hearts, and blood samples were harvested for examination. Plasma @entity908 kinase (CK)-MB activities and @entity20482 ( @entity20482 ) levels were measured to evaluate the @entity75 . The effects of a @entity2052 on acetylation of histone H3 and @entity4124 activation were also evaluated. Major @entity130 resulted in a significant decrease in the acetylation of histone H3, and there was an increase in plasma CK-MB activities, @entity20482 concentrations, and tissue levels of activated @entity4124 . A @entity2052 treatment significantly increased the acetylation of histone H3 and survival of the animals after major @entity130 . In addition, a @entity2052 treatment significantly attenuated the plasma CK-MB activities, an @entity20482 concentrations, and inhibited @entity4124 activation after major @entity130 . These results indicate that a @entity2052 can attenuate cardiac and @entity1545 , and can improve survival in a rodent model of @entity130 . These protective effects may be mediated in part through the inhibition of @entity4124 activation.

title: @entity1092 treatment attenuates @entity4124 activation and improves survival after XXXX in a rodent model.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and brain damages']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Burn injury', 'lethal burn injury', 'burn injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['lethal burn injury']


abstract: Noninvasive diagnosis of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) is difficult in @entity1 who are unable to exercise. In this study esophageal pill electrode atrial pacing was used as a myocardial stress not requiring exercise, and changes in ejection fraction and pressure volume ratio during pacing with 2-dimensional echocardiography were quantitatively analyzed. All @entity1 had completed a Bruce protocol treadmill exercise test and had undergone coronary arteriography. Of 26 @entity1 , 22 were successfully paced (85%). Comparable rate-pressure products were obtained for treadmill exercise (23,500 +/- 5,900 mm Hg/min) and pacing (24,100 +/- 4,400 mm Hg/min; difference not significant). Of the 22 @entity1 completing the study 8 had normal coronary arteries (group I) and 14 had @entity453 (group II). The change in ejection fraction with pacing in group I @entity1 was not significant (3 +/- 8%). In group II ejection fraction decreased with pacing (-8 +/- 13%; p = 0.025). The pressure/volume ratio increased in group I with pacing (3.8 +/- 1.8 mm Hg/min/m2; p = 0.05) and was unchanged in group II (0.3 +/- 1.8 mm Hg/min/m2; difference not significant). Using an ejection fraction decrease with pacing or a failure to increase pressure/volume ratio with pacing as criterion for the presence of @entity453 , similar predictive accuracies were obtained when compared to treadmill exercise testing. Esophageal pill electrode atrial pacing with quantitative 2-dimensional echocardiography may be a useful noninvasive, nonexercise method to detect @entity453 .

title: Usefulness of esophageal pill electrode atrial pacing with quantitative two-dimensional echocardiography for diagnosing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was performed to determine if postoperative serial monitoring of @entity5 @entity1 can be performed with an immunoscintigraphic imaging test for @entity787 ( @entity787 ). It was also of interest to assess whether this test, in combination with standard monitoring procedures used in an intensive surveillance plan, can result in the identification of surgically salvageable @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Forty consecutive resected Dukes' B and C @entity5 @entity1 underwent a prospective, single-institution, surveillance trial of physical examination (including digital rectal examination), endoscopy, CT of the abdomen and pelvis, liver ultrasound, chest x-ray, blood @entity787 , and @entity787 immunoscintigraphy with arcitumomab ( @entity787 -Scan, Immunomedics, Morris Plains, NJ) every 6 months for the first 2 years and every 12 months for the next 3 years after initial operation. Outcomes were compared with those from a similar group of 69 @entity1 treated previously at the same institution but without @entity787 imaging. RESULTS: A total of 219 @entity787 imaging studies were performed without any significant adverse effects or immune responses, and resulted in lesion sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values of 94.1%, 97.5%, 97.3%, 76.2%, and 99.5%, respectively. Of the 40 @entity1 , 16 developed 22 surgically confirmed local or distant recurrences, and @entity787 imaging correctly disclosed 82% of these lesions pre-operatively. All of the @entity1 found to have recurrences had at least one @entity5 site by @entity787 imaging; only 6 of 16 had elevated blood @entity787 titers. On a @entity1 -basis, there was a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 79.2%, an accuracy of 87.5%, and positive and negative predictive values of 76.2% and 100%, respectively. The potential therapeutic benefit of serial arcitumomab imaging is suggested by the fact that 6 of 16 @entity1 (37.5%) with recurrence underwent potentially curative second-look operations, compared with 6 of 69 (8.7%) of a comparable population studied at this institution during an earlier 6-year period, using all of the same tests except @entity787 imaging. None of the @entity1 in this historic control group survived more than 21 months, although the mean survival of the six @entity1 resected for cure in the study population was 35 months (range 11 to 69 months). During 6 years of followup, three of the six re-resected @entity1 eventually died of @entity5 recurrence, two died from other causes (and were confirmed by necropsy to be @entity5 -free), and one @entity1 is still free of disease in the sixth year. @entity787 scanning appeared to be more predictive of recurrence than blood @entity787 testing or other diagnostic modalities. CONCLUSIONS: Arcitumomab inclusion in intensive surveillance of @entity1 with resected @entity5 can disclose @entity5 recurrence at a stage that allowed surgical salvage therapy in 37.5% of the 16 @entity1 with recurrence who had second-look surgery, and in 19% the @entity1 were free of disease during longterm followup. This pilot study suggests that a randomized prospective trial comparing standard surveillance procedures to the use of @entity787 imaging added thereto should be undertaken.

title: Can postoperative surveillance with serial XXXX immunoscintigraphy detect resectable @entity5 recurrence and potentially improve @entity5 -free survival?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

answer: @entity787 :: (1084,Gene) :: ['CEA']


abstract: This brief review provides an overview of neurotherapeutic interventions for major @entity308 that are available currently or are being studied in clinical trials. The growing utility of surgical and device-related treatments for @entity146 conditions may represent a sea change in the field of psychiatry comparable to that seen in other clinical disciplines. For example, for many years the overwhelming majority of cardiac conditions were treated with medications and behavioral interventions. With the advent of cardiac surgical procedures such as ablation and cardiac bypass surgery and the use of devices such as cardiac stents and pacemakers, the ability to treat @entity299 has improved dramatically. The hope is that the use of neurotherapeutic interventions will lead to a similar improvement in the treatment of @entity146 . The future of neurotherpeutic interventions in psychiatry may include the use of neuroimaging technology to predict with @entity1 may respond to which procedures or to guide the placement of DBS electrodes on an individual basis. DBS electrodes also could be placed in multiple brain regions. Clinical trials of cortical stimulation using surgically implanted electrodes on the brain surface are underway. These cortical-surface electrodes could provide cortical stimulation comparable to that induced by rTMS at the same location, obviating the need for visits to a physician for rTMS treatments and providing cortical stimulation of a greater magnitude and for an extended duration. Also, one can foresee surgical interventions in which neurotransmitter release is potentiated either by stimulating appropriate nuclei in the brain or by releasing neurotransmitters or neurotransmitter precursors into target brain regions using cannulae or an implanted device. @entity2057 also could be introduced into target brain regions using analogous techniques. Although the future of neurotherapeutic interventions in psychiatry is hard to predict, it is clear that these treatments will have a growing role in the field.

title: Somatic therapies for treatment-resistant XXXX : new neurotherapeutic interventions.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric illness']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['Neurotrophic factors']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: Access to the blood stream for haemodialysis is generally via an arterio-venous shunt. Experience has shown that the introduction of two Shaldon catheters (with a modified Seldinger technique) into the upper caval system does not require special surgical knowledge and shortens and simplifies the preparations for haemodialysis in @entity810 . As the catheters can easily be changed over guide wires, correction of obstructions and bacteriological examinations of the catheter tips do not present a problem. There were no complications. With this simplified access the acute stage of @entity177 can be bridged for up to 6--8 weeks. The diameter of the catheters ensures an adequate flow of 150--200 ml/min. In vitro tests with a modified catheter (not yet available commercially) established 1. that the flow rate could be increased by 45 percent without altering the pressure of the return flow, and 2. that its use did not increase the rate of haemolysis. Incorrect placing of the catheters--the venous limb should be higher, i.e. nearer the heart, than the "arterial" catheter--may raise the re-circulating fraction by 6--18 percent. Since heparinization is necessary for haemodialysis but carries the grave risk of @entity548 , espeically in the @entity1 of an intensive care unit, it is essential to provide the means for estimating partial thromboplastin time at the bed side. This allows the heparin doses to be sufficiently reduced to obviate @entity548 during and after haemodialysis.

title: [Haemodialysis in XXXX ; technique and surveillance (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage', 'haemorrhages']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute renal failure']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the angiographic, myocardial perfusion, and wall motion abnormalities in @entity1 with severe compared with mild worsening of regional function during @entity452 stress echocardiography (DSE) for evaluation of @entity296 . METHODS: 147 @entity1 with significant @entity453 and new or worsening wall motion abnormalities during DSE were enrolled. Left ventricular function was evaluated using a 16 segment/4 grade score model where 1 = normal and 4 = dyskinesis. Simultaneous sestamibi SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging was performed in all @entity1 . RESULTS: Severe worsening of regional function (an increase in wall motion score of two grades or more in >/= 1 segment) was detected in 37 @entity1 , while 110 @entity1 had mild worsening (an increase in wall motion score of no more than one grade in >/= 1 segment). @entity1 with severe worsening of regional function had more stenotic coronary arteries (2.31 (0.8) v 1.97 (0. 8) (mean (SD)) (p <0.05), a higher prevalence of left anterior descending @entity453 (95% v 73%) (p < 0.05), a higher resting wall motion score index (1.71 (0.42) v 1.51 (0.40) (p = 0. 01), and more stress perfusion defects (3.8 (1.5) v 2.8 (1.5) (p < 0.001) compared with @entity1 with mild worsening. Multivariate analysis identified the number of stress perfusion defects (p < 0. 005, chi(2) = 8.8) and the number of ischaemic segments on echocardiography (p < 0.05, chi(2) = 4.3) as independent variables associated with severe worsening of regional function. CONCLUSIONS: The grade of worsening of regional function during DSE predicts the underlying extent of myocardial perfusion abnormalities. The occurrence of severe worsening of regional function is associated with variables known to predict worse prognosis in @entity1 with @entity453 .

title: The grade of worsening of regional function during XXXX stress echocardiography predicts the extent of myocardial perfusion abnormalities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The measurement of @entity64 volume variation ( @entity6355 ) using the FloTrac    system (Edwards Lifescience, USA) is useful to estimate cardiac preload. We evaluated the benefits of @entity6355 monitoring for adjusting fluid supplementation during laparoscopic adrenalectomy under anesthesia in @entity1 with @entity1911 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Among 10 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy for @entity1911 in our institution from June 2004 to December 2009, @entity6355 was not monitored in 5 @entity1 (group I) and in the other 5 @entity1 (group II), @entity6355 monitoring was performed. Subject age, height and body weight, total volume of fluid supplemented, @entity190 , urine output and net fluid in-out balance during the procedure were retrospectively assessed. In those with @entity6355 monitoring, infusion volume was adjusted for @entity6355 less than 13%. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the @entity1 age and body weight between the two groups (group I: 64.2 years old and 55.1 kg; group II: 43.6 years old and 71.7 kg). Both total infusion volume and urine output were significantly higher in group I compared with group II (5,610 vs. 2,400 ml and 1,125 vs. 750 ml, respectively). Total @entity190 was similar between the two groups. Values of the net fluid balance divided by the body weight and total anesthesia period (hr) were significantly lower in group II compared with group I (I; +13.2 in group I and +6.2 in group II, ml/kg/hr). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity6355 monitoring is helpful to estimate the optimal volume for fluid supplementation and could prevent excessive fluid infusion during surgical procedures.

title: Examination of the usefulness of non-invasive XXXX volume variation monitoring for adjusting fluid supplementation during laparoscopic adrenalectomy in @entity1 with @entity1911 .

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: @entity9675 ), a beta-galactoside-binding animal lectin, plays a role in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Extracellular @entity9675 modulates cell migration and adhesion in several physiological and pathological processes. @entity9675 is highly expressed in activated macrophages. @entity380 eggs display a large amount of @entity9675 ligands on their surface and elicit a well-characterized, macrophage-dependent, granulomatous, inflammatory reaction. Here, we have investigated the acute and chronic phases of @entity383 infection in wild-type and @entity9675 (-/-) @entity19 . In the absence of @entity9675 , chronic-phase @entity738 were smaller in diameter, displaying thinner collagen fibers with a loose orientation. @entity380 -infected @entity9675 (-/-) @entity19 had remarkable changes in the monocyte/macrophage, eosinophil, and B lymphocyte subpopulations as compared with the infected wild-type @entity19 . We observed a reduction of macrophage number, an increase in eosinophil absolute number, and a decrease in B lymphocyte subpopulation (B220(+/high) cells) in the periphery during the evolution of the disease in @entity9675 (-/-) @entity19 . B @entity2905 was followed by an increase of plasma cell number in bone marrow, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes of the infected @entity9675 (-/-) @entity19 . The plasma IgG and IgE levels also increased in these @entity19 . @entity9675 plays a role in the organization, collagen distribution, and mobilization of inflammatory cells to chronic-phase @entity738 , niches for extramedullary myelopoiesis, besides interfering with monocyte-to-macrophage and B cell-to-plasma cell differentiation.

title: Kinetics of mobilization and differentiation of lymphohematopoietic cells during experimental XXXX schistosomiasis in galectin-3 -/- @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni', 'Schistosoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Numerous studies on @entity1276 after decompressive craniectomy (DC) for severe @entity131 have been reported, whereas there have been only two reports on DC for hemispheric @entity385 . Here, we present the clinical details of 23 @entity1 who underwent DC for hemispheric @entity385 and the incidence of @entity1276 following DC. Of the 23 @entity1 , 13 were male and 10 were female, with an age range from 34 to 75 years (mean, 60.8 years). The areas of hemispheric @entity1188 were those of the middle cerebral arteries in 12 @entity1 and of the internal carotid arteries in 11 @entity1 . The mean preoperative GCS score was 6. Nineteen @entity1 (82.6 %) underwent cranioplasty. Pre-cranioplasty @entity1276 was observed in 11 (47.8 %) @entity1 . Four @entity1 who had precranioplasty @entity1276 were transferred or died without cranioplasty, and post-cranioplasty @entity1276 occurred in 7 (36.8 %). Only one @entity1 underwent a shunt procedure after cranioplasty. We consider that the explanation for the discrepancies between our study and the previous studies might lie in the definition of @entity1276 and the indications for shunting.

title: @entity1276 following decompressive craniectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Optimal treatment of in-stent restenosis (ISR) remains uncertain in the era of @entity734 ( @entity734 ). This study aims to determine contemporary treatment of ISR and to assess recurrent ISR rates in the era of @entity734 . METHODS: We examined 60 @entity1 presenting for treatment of ISR (one lesion per @entity1 ) who were enrolled in the Melbourne Interventional Group Registry (4% of total population of 1423 @entity1 ) between April 2004 and January 2005. Twelve-month follow-up is complete for all @entity1 . RESULTS: The majority of ISR treated occurred in bare metal stents [BMS (n=52, 87%)] and had a focal (<10 mm) pattern of ISR (53%). In-stent restenosis of @entity734 occurred in eight (13%) @entity1 . The majority of ISR were treated with additional stenting with a preference for @entity734 over BMS in almost all cases. At 12 months, one @entity1 died of non-cardiac cause and four @entity1 (7%) presented with recurrent ISR. The incidence of recurrent ISR in @entity734 was 5% (n=3). No late @entity715 was reported despite only 50% of @entity1 having >or=12 months of @entity1397 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests @entity734 are safe, effective and the preferred therapy for in-stent restenosis. The incidence of recurrent @entity256 at 12 months is low.

title: Contemporary treatment of in-stent restenosis and the incidence of recurrent in-stent restenosis in the era of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['drug-eluting stent restenosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['DES', 'drug-eluting stents']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['drug-eluting stents']


abstract: WHAT'S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: Recurrence and progression prediction in @entity5 is currently based on clinical and pathological factors: @entity5 grade, @entity5 stage, number of lesions, @entity5 size, previous recurrence rate, and presence of concomitant @entity189 in situ. These factors are not specific enough to predict progression and    50% of @entity1 diagnosed as high risk in fact do not progress within 3 years. @entity1 follow-up is both expensive and unpleasant (frequent invasive cystoscopies). Molecular biomarkers, including microRNAs have been studied to provide additional prognostic information for these @entity1 , but to date no molecular biomarker has become the 'gold standard' for @entity1 diagnosis and follow-up. We used Rosetta Genomics' highly specific microRNA expression profiling platforms to study the prognostic role of microRNAs in @entity150 . Using microdissection we chose specific @entity5 microRNAs to study in order to avoid background contamination. @entity5 progression was associated with altered levels of microRNAs. In particular, high expression levels of @entity22869 * were associated with a good prognosis. The study found that the use of microRNAs for determining progression and invasiveness for @entity1 with @entity5 could potentially have a substantial impact on the treatment and follow-up individual @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To identify microRNAs that could be useful as prognostic markers for non-muscle-invasive (NMI) @entity150 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Formalin-fixed, @entity982 -embedded samples of 108 NMI @entity150 , and 29 @entity189 invading @entity1494 were collected, and microRNA expression levels were measured using microarrays. For 19 samples, microdissection was performed to compare microRNA expression between the @entity5 and surrounding tissue. MicroRNAs that were found to be unrelated to the @entity5 itself were excluded as potential prognostic markers. RESULTS: Expression profiles identified microRNAs that were differentially expressed in @entity5 from @entity1 who later progressed to @entity189 invading @entity1494 compared with @entity5 from @entity1 that did not progress. The microRNA profile of @entity5 invading the @entity1494 was more similar to that of @entity5 from @entity1 who later progressed, than to that of the same-stage @entity5 from @entity1 who did not later progress. The expression level of one microRNA, @entity22869 , was significantly under-expressed in @entity5 that progressed and could be used to stratify @entity1 with T1 disease into risk groups. CONCLUSIONS: MicroRNAs can be useful biomarkers for prognosis in @entity1 with @entity189 . In our study, expression levels of several microRNAs, including @entity22869 * identified high- and low-risk groups. These biomarkers show promise for the stratification of @entity1 with @entity150 .

title: Predicting progression of XXXX using microRNA expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder muscle']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumours', 'urothelial cancer', 'NMI tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma', 'bladder cancer', 'bladder carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Small conductance @entity460 activated @entity972 (SKCa) channels are voltage insensitive and are activated by intracellular @entity460 . Genome-wide association studies revealed that a variant of SKCa is associated with lone @entity955 in @entity1 . Roles of SKCa in @entity943 remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine roles of SKCa in @entity943 . METHODS: Optical mapping using the isolated @entity235 left atrium was performed. The optical action potential duration (APD) and induction of @entity943 were evaluated before and after the addition of specific SKCa blockers-apamin or @entity20624 . RESULTS: SKCa blockade significantly increased APD       (188    19 ms vs 147    11 ms; P<.001). The pacing cycle length thresholds to induce 2:2 alternans, and wave breaks were prolonged by SKCa blockade. Increased APD heterogeneity was observed after the SKCa blockade, as measured by the difference between the maximum and the minimum APD (39    4 ms vs 26    5 ms; P<.05), by standard deviation (12.43    2.36 ms vs 7.49    1.47 ms; P<.001), or by coefficient of variation (6.68%    0.97% vs 4.90%    0.84%; P<.05). No @entity943 was induced at baseline by an S1-S2 protocol. After SKCa blockade, 4 of 6 atria developed @entity943 . CONCLUSIONS: SKCa blockade promotes @entity943 and prolongs the pacing cycle length threshold of 2:2 alternans and wave breaks in the @entity235 left atrium. The proarrhythmic effect could be attributed to increased APD heterogeneity in the @entity235 left atrium. This study provides supportive evidence of genome-wide association studies showing association of @entity39596 and lone @entity955 .

title: Proarrhythmic effect of blocking the small conductance XXXX activated @entity972 channel in isolated @entity235 left atrium.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: The effect of @entity17544 on early events of signal transduction was previously studied in Fao cells. @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) assays performed on permeabilized cells showed a more than two-fold increase in @entity7131 activity in cells treated for 24 h with 500 microM ciprofibrate. To show the subsequent effect of this increase on protein phosphorylation, the in vitro phosphorylation on particulate fractions obtained from Fao cells was studied. Among several modifications, the phosphorylation of protein(s) with an apparent molecular mass of 85 kDa was investigated. This modification appeared in the first 24 h of treatment with 500 microM ciprofibrate. It was shown to occur on Ser/Thr residue(s). It was @entity460 but not calmodulin-dependent. The phosphorylation level of this/these protein(s) was reduced with kinase inhibitors and especially with 300 nM @entity11009 , a specific inhibitor of @entity7131 . All these results suggest that the phosphorylation of the 85 kDa protein(s) is due to a @entity7131 or to another Ser/Thr kinase activated via a @entity7131 pathway. A possible biochemical candidate for 85 kDa protein seems to be the beta isoform of @entity4357 3-kinase regulatory subunit.

title: XXXX stimulates protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation of an 85 kDa protein in rat Fao hepatic derived cells.

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['PKC', 'Protein kinase C']

entities_list: @entity17544 :: ('MESH:C019304', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofibrate']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity17544 :: (MESH:C019304,Chemical) :: ['Ciprofibrate']