abstract: CONTEXT: Higher adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet is linked to lower risk for mortality and @entity102 , but its association with @entity73 is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of a Mediterranean diet with change in cognitive performance and risk for @entity303 in elderly French @entity1 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Prospective cohort study of 1410 adults (> or = 65 years) from Bordeaux, France, included in the Three-City cohort in 2001-2002 and reexamined at least once over 5 years. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet (scored as 0 to 9) was computed from a food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cognitive performance was assessed on 4 neuropsychological tests: the @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ), Isaacs Set Test (IST), Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), and Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT). Incident cases of @entity303 (n = 99) were validated by an independent expert committee of neurologists. RESULTS: Adjusting for age, sex, education, marital status, energy intake, physical activity, depressive symptomatology, taking 5 medications/d or more, @entity2204 genotype, cardiovascular risk factors, and @entity64 , higher Mediterranean diet score was associated with fewer @entity1032 (beta = -0.006; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.01 to -0.0003; P = .04 for 1 point of the Mediterranean diet score). Performance on the IST, BVRT, or FCSRT over time was not significantly associated with Mediterranean diet adherence. Greater adherence as a categorical variable (score 6-9) was not significantly associated with fewer @entity1032 and better FCSRT scores in the entire cohort, but among individuals who remained free from @entity303 over 5 years, the association for the highest compared with the lowest group was significant (adjusted for all factors, for @entity1032 : beta = -0.03; 95% CI, -0.05 to -0.001; P = .04; for FCSRT: beta = 0.21; 95% CI, 0.008 to 0.41; P =.04). Mediterranean diet adherence was not associated with the risk for incident @entity303 (fully adjusted model: hazard ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.60 to 2.10; P = .72), although power to detect a difference was limited. CONCLUSIONS: Higher adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with @entity73 but not consistently with other cognitive tests. Higher adherence was not associated with risk for incident @entity303 .

title: Adherence to a Mediterranean diet, @entity73 , and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['MMSE', 'Mini-Mental State Examination', 'MMSE errors']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['slower MMSE cognitive decline', 'cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: Six Large White @entity1707 (mean body-weight 59 (SE 1.7) kg) were surgically fitted with permanent catheters in the portal vein, the brachiocephalic artery and the right hepatic vein, as well as with electromagnetic flow probes around the portal vein and the hepatic artery, and allowed to recover. The non-anaesthetized animals were given a basal non-fibre diet (diet A) alone or together with 60 g guar gum/kg (diet B) or 150 g purified cellulose/kg (diet C) by substitution for mica. The diets were given for weekly periods and according to a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square design. On the last day of each such adaptation period, test meals of 800 g were given before blood sampling. Sampling was continued for 8 h. Guar gum strongly reduced @entity413 apparent absorption without changing the absorption and the hepatic uptake profiles. Production rates of insulin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide and @entity24369 ( @entity24369 ) were lowest after guar gum ingestion. However, the reductions in peripheral blood insulin levels caused by guar gum were not associated with a change in hepatic insulin extraction. @entity24369 appeared to be strongly secreted by the gut, whereas the liver had a net uptake of the peptide. Ingestion of guar gum increased the hepatic extraction coefficient of gut-produced @entity24369 . Guar gum ingestion appeared also to decrease glucagon secretion. Cellulose at the level consumed had very few effects on the variables considered. It is suggested that the modulation of intestinal mechanisms by guar gum was sufficient to mediate the metabolic effects described.

title: Effects of guar gum and cellulose on @entity413 absorption, hormonal release and hepatic metabolism in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Urodynamic findings of lower urinary tract of @entity1 presenting with @entity409 after successful repair of complex trigonal @entity789 at our institute are presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective case series, @entity1 presenting with @entity409 after successful repair of obstetric fistulae were evaluated. In addition of standard clinical evaluation with history and clinical examination, all underwent kidney-ureter-bladder ultrasonography, renal function test, urine culture, and multichannel urodynamics. The latter consisted of free uroflowmetry, filling and voiding cystometry. RESULTS: Five @entity1 (median age 35 years; range 30-45) presented with difficulty in voiding after the successful repair; two presented within 1 year and 3 after 10 years. The latter three presented with bilateral hydroureteronephrosis; one of these had @entity740 ( @entity740 ) grade IV at presentation. Urodynamics (UDS) of all @entity1 revealed poor detrusor compliance (median 11 ml/cm @entity2507 ; range 5-22), high-end filling detrusor pressures (median 41 cm @entity2507 ; range 11-46) and no detrusor overactivity. All @entity1 attempted voiding with abdominal straining; with little contribution of detrusor contraction (median 6 cm @entity2507 ; range 0-9). Two @entity1 could not void during the study, one with Tanagho reconstruction and another with @entity740 . CONCLUSION: Even after successful repair, @entity1 with complex trigonal or urethra-vesicovaginal fistulae warrant indefinite long-term follow-up for @entity409 in view of possibility of developing poorly compliant bladder.

title: XXXX after repair of giant trigonal vesicovaginal or urethrovesicovaginal fistulae: A need for long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['voiding dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity789 :: ('MESH:D014719', 'Disease') :: ['vesicovaginal fistulas']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Voiding dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish the predictive accuracy of the Kattan preoperative nomogram by comparing predictions at 5 years with actual progression in @entity1 who had a radical prostatectomy (RP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the data for 928 @entity1 treated by RP as a first-line treatment for @entity263 , between 1994 and 2005. Recurrence was defined as one prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of >0.4 ng/mL. The 5-year progression-free probability (PFP) rate was evaluated on censured data using the Kaplan-Meier method. Relationships between all predictor variables included in the Kattan nomogram (PSA level, biopsy Gleason scores and clinical stage) and survival were evaluated by Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis. The discriminating ability of the nomogram was assessed by the concordance index (c-index). Bootstrapping was used to assess confidence intervals (CIs), and then the calibration was assessed. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 60 months. Overall, 177 (19%) @entity1 had a recurrence; the 5-year PFP rate (95% CI) was 80.9 (78-83)%. Of the three variables included in the nomogram, all were associated with recurrence in a multivariate analysis (P < 0.001). The c-index (95% CI) was only 0.664 (0.584-0.744). In general, the nomogram was not well calibrated. CONCLUSIONS: There was a discrepancy between the predicted @entity16991 as estimated by the Kattan nomogram and actual relapse in this group of @entity1 . Clinicians should be aware that the nomogram is less accurate when used outside the population used to formulate the nomogram. Although more accurate tools are needed, the Kattan nomogram is still the best choice for urologists so far.

title: Cross-cultural validation of a prognostic tool: example of the Kattan preoperative nomogram as a predictor of XXXX recurrence after radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The rapid appearance of @entity649 during the course of 25 @entity1778 was associated with the rapid increase of the @entity491 . The regression of the @entity7405 was spectacular when treating hyperleukocytosis by exchange transfusion and chemotherapy. Blood gas studies, although blurred to some extent by in vitro blast consumption of @entity26 , showed a @entity519 with a hypo-or normocapnia. The symptoms seem to be related to the @entity6922 by the mechanical obstruction of the pulmonary capillaries. This @entity6922 was shown to be responsible for a septal and @entity4 . The high frequency of this syndrome during the course of @entity32404 and of acute phase of CGL seems to be linked to the low deformability of the myeloblasts. In CGL at its chronic phase, @entity1072 or even in @entity981 , the absence of this syndrome could be explained by the greater deformability of the circulating cells. The hyperleukocytic @entity32404 @entity1 which do not have this syndrome are all characterized by a stable or slowly increasing @entity491 . Thus, this syndrome seems to characterized by @entity2800 with a rapid blood leukocyte doubling rate. Treatment in such cases is an emergency.

title: Respiratory distress of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar oedema']

entities_list: @entity6922 :: ('MESH:D018921', 'Disease') :: ['leukostasis']

entities_list: @entity7405 :: ('MESH:D059246', 'Disease') :: ['tachypnea']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['hyperleukocytic granulocytic leukemias']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['hyperleukocytic leukemias']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity2800 :: (MESH:D007951,Disease) :: ['hyperleukocytic granulocytic leukemias']


abstract: We have @entity358 in the @entity235 with Swan-Ganz balloon catheters or i.v. injection of autologous clot, and have studied the chest with transmission computed tomography (TCT), Tc-99m-MAA gamma imaging, and plain radiographs. The @entity432 were between 1 and 5 hr old at the time of imaging. Radiographs revealed no lesions. Tc-99m MAA scanns revealed ten of 11 lesions. When a TCT image was made before i.v. injection of Renografin-60, two of 11 lesions were identified; after Renografin the score was four out of ten. The appearance of lesions on TCT was highly variable. @entity29488 gamma imaging, therefore, is far more accurate than TCT in the identification of small experimentally produced @entity432 in the @entity235 , and our study fails to suggest a secure place for TCT in the diagnosis of small, acute @entity1 @entity1151 . The commonly-held assumption that postembolic lung is oligemic is questioned.

title: Transmission computed tomography, Tc-99m MAA scintigraphy, and plain chest radiography after experimentally produced acute pulmonary arterial occulusion in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emboli']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['occluded segmental and subsegmental pulmonary arteries']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusions', 'acute pulmonary arterial occlusions']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of the PercuSurge Guardwire(R) Plus Temporary Occlusion and Aspiration System, the actual procedural time involved and long-term follow-up in acute MI @entity1 undergoing primary/rescue percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS _ RESULTS: It was a single centred, prospective study in 67 prospective AMI @entity1 undergoing PCI. They were divided randomly into two groups depending on whether PercuSurge was used (n=30) or not used (control n=37) during PCI. Final TIMI flow, @entity1597 grade and the time involved in or necessary for various steps of the PCI were recorded. PercuSurge showed significantly greater achievement of TIMI III flow and @entity1597 III grade (p<0.01). Its use was associated with less total procedural time (p<0.05). The time required from guidewire crossing to stent placement; from guidewire crossing to TIMI III flow and from predilatation/stent placement to optimal TIMI flow was significantly reduced with its use (p<0.05 for all). Slow/no-reflow was significantly reduced (p<0.001), thus reducing intracoronary vasodilators and @entity1427 /IIIa antagonists requirements. A 2 years' follow-up revealed four @entity204 in control and one death in PercuSurge group. CONCLUSION: PercuSurge reduced the total procedural time with better and faster optimal TIMI flow and @entity1597 grade in primary/rescue PCI and was associated with less long term events.

title: Efficacy of PercuSurge in acute myocardial infarction XXXX undergoing revascularization with a special emphasis on procedural time.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES:                 <AbstractText Label="PRIMARY OBJECTIVE" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">to assess ablative efficacy and tolerability of short-schedule intravesical @entity136 for intact, low- and intermediate-risk, recurrent superficial @entity150 . SECONDARY OBJECTIVE: to assess effect on prophylaxis. METHODS: @entity1 with a diagnosis of recurrence and a history of previous superficial, low- or intermediate-risk @entity150 were selected for the study. They received 2000 mg @entity136 in 50 ml, that is 40 mg/ml, intravesically, weekly for 4 wk, followed by resection of any residual lesions. Complete responses consisted of absence of any macroscopic, histologically confirmed, residual lesion, and no response in the presence of residual lesions. The effect on prophylaxis was measured in months as disease-free interval to first recurrence, and as percentage of @entity1 recurring within the first 12 mo. @entity137 was assessed as local and systemic. RESULTS: Of 34 recruited @entity1 , 28 consecutive @entity1 were evaluable, with complete responses observed in 13 of 28 (46.4%) and no response in 15 (53.6%). Median time to first recurrence was 9.1 mo (range: 2.9-26.5) for 19 of 28 (67.8%) @entity1 experiencing recurrence during the first year. Local or systemic @entity137 was observed in 9 of 34 (26.4%) @entity1 , resulting in protocol interruption in 6 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Intravesical @entity136 alone showed ablative efficacy in nearly one half of the @entity1 under study. Drug tolerability was good, both locally and systemically.

title: Short-schedule intravesical XXXX with ablative intent in recurrent Ta-T1, G1-G2, low- or intermediate-risk, transitional cell @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumours']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: The long-term prognostic value of elevated cardiac biomarkers after elective cardiac surgery is not clear. The recent guidelines for diagnosing perioperative @entity1188 have advocated the use of similar thresholds for @entity908 kinase-MB (CK-MB) mass and the cardiac troponins. However, few previous data are available comparing these biomarkers after cardiac surgery, and it is not clear whether postoperative elevations of the troponins can be treated the same as elevations of CK-MB. We sought to compare the prognostic value of the cardiac troponins versus the CK-MB mass after elective cardiac surgery in low-risk @entity1 with stable symptoms. A total of 204 consecutive @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery were included in the final analysis. Blood samples were drawn just before and 1 to 3 and 4 to 8 hours after the procedure, and every morning for 3 days thereafter. @entity1 with elevated baseline values were excluded. Using a cutoff value of 5 times the reference, @entity1 with high and low values (controls) of CK-MB mass, @entity10020 ( @entity10020 ) and @entity6949 ( @entity6949 ) were compared. The median follow-up time was 92 months. None developed new Q-waves on the electrocardiogram. The incidence of the composite end point of all-cause mortality, readmission for @entity1187 , and target vessel revascularization in the high CK-MB group was 41.2% compared to 21.8% in the controls (p = 0.004). The corresponding values for @entity10020 were 33.3% and 20.4% (p = 0.075) and for @entity6949 were 27.0% and 34.6% (p = 0.237). The p value in the isolated coronary artery bypass grafting subgroup (n = 156) was p = 0.043 for CK-MB, p = 0.137 for @entity10020 , and p = 0.795 for @entity6949 . High CK-MB (p = 0.001), ejection fraction (p = 0.002), and body mass index (p = 0.010) were the only variables independently related to reduced event-free survival. No such relation was found for high @entity10020 and @entity6949 . In conclusion, CK-MB was superior to the cardiac troponins (values > or =5 times the reference) in predicting long-term event-free survival after elective cardiac surgery in low-risk @entity1 with stable symptoms undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valve surgery.

title: Long-term prognostic value of @entity6949 and T versus XXXX kinase-MB mass after cardiac surgery in low-risk @entity1 with stable symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity6949 :: ('7137', 'Gene') :: ['cTnI', 'cardiac troponin I']

entities_list: @entity10020 :: ('7139', 'Gene') :: ['cTnT', 'cardiac troponin T']

answer: @entity908 :: (MESH:D003401,Chemical) :: ['creatine']


abstract: The effects of @entity227 upon dorsal lateral geniculate (DLG) cell size were compared for seven kittens reared with @entity1939 ( @entity601 ), seven with binocular lid-suture ( @entity2403 ), and six with one eye lid-sutured and the other eye enucleated soon after birth ( @entity601 -E). Six additional kittens were reared normally for comparison. For each kitten the cross-sectional areas of 300 cells were measured in one or both nuclei. Measurements were taken from the binocular segment of laminae A and A1 and the monocular segment of lamina A. In agreement with previous studies, cells in the binocular segment of the deprived laminae of @entity601 @entity468 were smaller (33-34%) than those in the non-deprived laminae. Comparisons with normal animals indicated that this difference was due to an increase (10-15%) in size of cells in the non-deprived laminae as well as a decrease (23-25%) in size of cells in the deprived laminae. Cells in the monocular segment also were affected by deprivation in @entity601 @entity468 , and this effect increased with the age (and duration of the deprivation) of the animal. However, it was always smaller than the decrease in cell size in the binocular portion of the DLG. In @entity2403 kittens, DLG cells were smaller (7-12%) than normal in all portions of the nucleus, including both the binocular and monocular segments. Direct comparisons between the deprived laminae of @entity601 and @entity2403 kittens indicated that the decrease in cell size was greater for @entity601 kittens in the binocular segment, but tended to be greater for @entity2403 kittens in the monocular segment. In @entity601 -E kittens, DLG cells in the deprived laminae were smaller (11-17%) than normal in all portions of the nucleus, including both the binocular and monocular segments. Thus, the effects of deprivation were similar to those in @entity2403 kittens, even though inputs from the deprived eye had been placed at a competitive advantage in @entity601 -E kittens. These results indicate that two factors may affect cell size in the DLG of visually deprived @entity468 : deprivation per se and abnormal binocular competition. Finally, separate analyses for the ten largest and the ten smallest cells in each lamina of each cat were carried out in an attempt to determine if the changes in cell size were limited to the largest cells. In every case, differences observed for the total sample of cells were paralleled by differences from normal of both the largest cells present and the smallest cells present in the deprived laminae. Since at least two alternative interpretations can account for this finding, the question of whether the large cells are selectively affected by @entity227 remains unanswered in the cat.

title: Quantitative studies of cell size in the cat's dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deprivation']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['monocular lid-suture']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual deprivation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: [corrected] Stereotactic radiotherapy for central @entity2 has a narrower therapeutic index than that for @entity1263 . Tumor tracking strategies have been proposed to reduce treatment volumes and @entity137 , however they need to consider uncertainties in @entity5 size and shape change throughout respiration to ensure optimal local control. We quantified these uncertainties and explored strategies to account for them. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten @entity1 with central @entity5 , @entity343 > 100 cm(3), motion > 5 mm and a 10-phase 4DCT without significant artifact in the @entity5 region were evaluated. Uncertainties were quantified using GTV size in different phases, and the @entity5529 ( @entity5529 ) between the phase 50% GTV and other phases after soft-tissue rigid registration. An individualized internal target volume for tracking (ITV(T)) was generated from the union of the GTVs in all phases after rigid registration. This was compared to ITVs generated for tracking based on the phase 50% GTV alone or with isotropic margins of 3 or 5 mm for size and volume overlap. RESULTS: Median free-breathing @entity343 size and motion were 162.1 cm(3) (110-210) and 8.9 mm (6.1-14.1). Overall, median GTV size variation and @entity5529 were 4.7% (0.2-22.3) and 6.3 mm (3.9-17.6). Tracking using GTV 50% alone resulted in median volume overlap with ITV(T) of 71.7% (range 56.8-85.1). Isotropic margins of 3 or 5mm always resulted in a volume overlap less than 95% or a volume larger than the ITV(T). CONCLUSIONS: Changes in size and shape of central @entity2 are substantial during respiration. These limit the ability to reduce treatment volumes with tracking, especially if isotropic margins are used. An individualized ITV for tracking, such as the ITV(T) is preferred.

title: Investigating strategies to reduce @entity137 in stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for central XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1263 :: ('MESH:D010524', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral tumors']

entities_list: @entity5529 :: ('MESH:C535290', 'Disease') :: ['HD', 'Hausdorff distance']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the gender-specific differential effects of smoking habits and cumulative smoking exposure on outcomes in @entity1 with upper tract @entity189 (UTUC) treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 864 consecutive @entity1 , comprising 553 (64%) @entity1 and 311 (36%) @entity1 , from five international institutions underwent RNU without neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Smoking history included smoking status (current, former or never), quantity of cigarettes per day (CPD), smoking duration in years and years since smoking cessation. Cumulative smoking exposure was categorized as light short-term ( <=19 CPD and  <=19.9 years), moderate (all combinations except light short-term and heavy long-term), and heavy long-term (>= 20 CPD and >= 20 years). Uni- and multivariable competing risk regression models were used to assess the associations with outcomes. RESULTS: Overall, 244 (28.2%), 297 (34.4%) and 323 (37.4%) @entity1 were never, former and current smokers, respectively. There were no differences in smoking status, quantity and duration between the genders. In female ever smokers, 30 (9.6%), 121 (38.9%) and 67 (21.5%) were light short-term, moderate and heavy long-term smokers, respectively. Compared with @entity1 , female current smokers were more likely to experience disease recurrence in univariable analysis (P = 0.013). In heavy long-term smokers, female gender was significantly associated with disease recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 1.7; P = 0.03) and @entity5 -specific mortality (HR 2.0; P = 0.009) in multivariable analysis that adjusted for standard clinico-pathological features. In female @entity1 only, smoking quantity, duration and cumulative exposure were associated with disease recurrence and @entity5 -specific mortality on multivariable analyses (P  <= 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: The impact of smoking on UTUC outcomes after RNU is gender-specific. Females who are current and heavy long-term smokers experience worse outcomes than their male counterparts. Further research is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the gender-specific differential effect of smoking on UTUC outcomes.

title: Gender-specific effect of smoking on upper tract XXXX outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recently, we proposed a new stimulation paradigm for brain computer interfaces (BCI) based on event-related potentials (ERP), i.e. @entity11170 characters with superimposed pictures of well-known faces. This new @entity11170 ( @entity11170 ) paradigm significantly outperformed the commonly used @entity11170 ( @entity11170 ) approach, i.e. simply highlighting characters. METHODS: In the current study we assessed the impact of face stimuli on BCI inefficiency in @entity1 with @entity179 , i.e. on their inability to communicate by means of a BCI. Healthy @entity1 (N = 16) and those with @entity179 (N = 9) performed spelling tasks using @entity11170 and @entity11170 paradigms. RESULTS: Online performance with @entity11170 was significantly increased as compared to @entity11170 in both, healthy and impaired users. Importantly, two @entity1 who were classified "highly inefficient" with the classic @entity11170 stimulation were able to spell with high accuracy using @entity11170 . Our results particularly emphasize great benefit of the @entity11170 paradigm for those users displaying low signal-to-noise ratio of the recorded ERPs in the classic stimulation approach. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we confirm previously reported results now systematically validated in an online setting and display specifically beneficial effects of @entity11170 for motor-impaired users. SIGNIFICANCE: The @entity11170 paradigm thus constitutes a big step forward against the BCI inefficiency phenomenon.

title: Face stimuli effectively prevent brain-computer interface inefficiency in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity11170 :: ('MESH:D019584', 'Disease') :: ['FF', 'face flashing', 'flashing', 'CF', 'character flashing']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['neurodegenerative disease']


abstract: Multi-walled @entity505 nanotube decorated with @entity575 nanoparticles (AgNPs-MWCNT) is used as an effective strategy for modification of the surface of pyrolytic @entity15583 electrode ( @entity5014 ). This modification procedure improved colloidal dispersion of the decorated MWCNTs in water, affording uniform and stable thin films for altering the surface properties of the working electrode. Robust electrode for sensing applications is obtained in a simple solvent evaporation process. The electrochemical behavior of @entity9251 (Sum) at the bare PGE and AgNPs-MWCNT modified PGE is investigated. The results indicate that the AgNPs-MWCNT modified PGE significantly enhanced the oxidation peak current of Sum. A remarkable enhancement in microscopic area of the electrode together with strong adsorption of Sum on the surface of the modified electrode resulted in a considerable increase in the peak current of Sum. Experimental parameters, such as scan rate, pH, accumulation conditions and amount of the modifier used on the PGE surface are optimized by monitoring the CV responses toward Sum. It is found that a maximum current response can be obtained at pH 7.4 after accumulation at open circuit for 150 s. Further experiments demonstrated that the oxidative peak currents increased linearly with Sum concentration in the range of 8.0 x 10(-8)-1.0 x 10(-4)mol L(-1) with a detection limit of 4.0 x 10(-8) mol L(-1). The modified electrode showed high sensitivity, selectivity, long-term stability and remarkable voltammetric reproducibility in response to Sum. These excellent properties make the prepared sensor suitable for the analysis in pharmaceutical and clinical preparations. The modified electrode was successfully applied for the accurate determination of trace amounts of Sum in pharmaceutical preparations.

title: Voltammetric studies of XXXX on the surface of pyrolytic @entity15583 electrode modified with multi-walled @entity505 nanotubes decorated with @entity575 nanoparticles.

entities_list: @entity9251 :: ('MESH:D018170', 'Chemical') :: ['sumatriptan']

answer: @entity9251 :: (MESH:D018170,Chemical) :: ['sumatriptan']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The ideal prosthetic material for @entity4037 repair has yet to be described. Each prosthetic material has unique advantages and disadvantages in terms of tissue ingrowth, adhesion formation, and shrinkage profiles. @entity2635 -based mesh has shown minimal shrinkage and excellent tissue ingrowth in animal models. However, the macroporous, braided nature of this material has raised several concerns regarding the incidence of @entity281 , @entity292 , and @entity1744 . We have reviewed our experience with @entity2635 -based mesh for the repair of @entity4037 . METHODS: All @entity1 undergoing @entity4037 repair at the Case @entity547 at University Hospitals of Cleveland from December 2005 to April 2008 were included. Laparoscopic cases underwent intraperitoneal placement of a @entity2635 -based mesh with a collagen hydrogel anti-adhesive barrier. The mesh was sized for at least 4 cm of fascial overlap, and transfascial fixation sutures and @entity702 spiral tacks were used routinely to secure the mesh to the abdominal wall. Those cases deemed inappropriate for laparoscopic @entity4037 repair underwent open repair. Open @entity4037 repairs were performed using a retrorectus repair, placing the mesh in an extraperitoneal position. Unprotected @entity2635 mesh was used in these cases. Pertinent data included @entity1 demographics, surgical details, postoperative outcomes, and long-term follow-up evaluation. RESULTS: During the study period 109 @entity1 underwent @entity4037 repair with @entity2635 mesh. Seventy-nine @entity1 had a laparoscopic repair, and 30 @entity1 had an open repair. The mean age was 57 years, with a mean body mass index of 33 kg/m(2), and American Society of Anesthesia score of 2.6. The @entity1 had undergone 2.1 prior abdominal surgical procedures, and 42 @entity1 had recurrent @entity547 . Surgical details for the laparoscopic repair and open repair were as follows: mean defect size, 116 versus 403 cm(2); mesh size, 367 versus 1,055 cm(2); and surgical times, 132 versus 170 minutes, respectively. The average hospital stay was 4.2 days for the laparoscopic repair and 5.8 days for the open repair groups. With a mean follow-up period of 14 months (range, 2-28 mo) in the laparoscopic repair group, 1 @entity1 (1.4%) developed a @entity281 (with a history of a prior @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 @entity281 ), 1 @entity1 (1.4%) developed @entity1744 remote to the mesh on re-exploration, and there were no @entity292 . With a mean follow-up period of 11 months (range, 2-21 mo) in the open repair group, 3 wound @entity281 (13%) occurred, 2 involved the mesh, which was salvaged with local wound care in 1, and required partial mesh resection in the other, and there were no @entity1744 or @entity292 during the follow-up evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that in this complex group of @entity1 , @entity2635 mesh placed during @entity4037 repair results in acceptable @entity281 rates, and no direct bowel complications or @entity292 . Given the macroporous nature of the mesh, each case of @entity281 was treated successfully with local wound measures or partial mesh resection. @entity2635 -based meshes with an anti-adhesive barrier appear safe for intraperitoneal placement.

title: XXXX -based mesh for @entity4037 repair: is it safe?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mesh infection', 'infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernias', 'Comprehensive Hernia Center']

entities_list: @entity2635 :: ('CHEBI:60160', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyester', 'polyester']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstructions', 'a small-bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernia', 'ventral hernias']

answer: @entity2635 :: (CHEBI:60160,Chemical) :: ['Polyester']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The main objective of this study was to investigate whether nondaily intravenous administration of @entity8503 was as effective as daily intravenous administration with regard to the reduction of the incidence of Grade 2 or greater @entity2133 in @entity1 with @entity135 . METHODS: Ninety-one @entity1 who received bilateral irradiation for @entity135 were included. Thirty @entity1 received no @entity8503 ( @entity3660 -0), 31 @entity1 received @entity8503 at a dose of 200 mg/m2 3 times weekly ( @entity3660 -3), and 30 @entity1 received @entity8503 at a dose of 200 mg/m2 daily (5 times weekly) ( @entity3660 -5). @entity697 and quality of life (QOL) were assessed at baseline, 6 weeks later, and at 6-month intervals from 6 months to 24 months postradiotherapy. RESULTS: Grade 2 or greater late @entity2133 differed significantly at 6 months ( @entity3660 -0 74% vs. @entity3660 -3 67% vs. @entity3660 -5 52%; P = .03), but not thereafter. During follow-up, @entity1 -rated @entity2133 deteriorated more in @entity3660 -0 @entity1 (mean difference score:, 52 for @entity3660 -0 compared with 25 for @entity3660 -3, and 29 for @entity3660 -5; P = .01). @entity390 and @entity391 were reported most frequently as side effect, but Grade 2 or greater @entity137 was observed in only 4 @entity1 . However, 28% of @entity1 discontinued @entity8503 before the end of radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term, @entity1 -rated @entity2133 was less for the @entity3660 -3 and @entity3660 -5 groups through 2-year follow-up, but no difference was noted between the @entity3660 -3 and @entity3660 -5 groups. For late @entity2133 according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria, the same effect was observed at 6 months, but not thereafter.

title: Radiotherapy alone, versus radiotherapy with @entity8503 3 times weekly, versus radiotherapy with @entity8503 5 times weekly: A prospective randomized study in squamous cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute and late xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8503 :: ('MESH:D004999', 'Chemical') :: ['amifostine']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: We describe a case of @entity784 which was histologically diagnosed of malignant histiocytosis of the intestine. A 47-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital because of fever and generalized @entity3329 . Mild @entity417 , @entity491 , positive CRP and a high level of LDH were noted. Pathological finding of the lymph node was compatible with @entity3329 with a slight increase in atypical lymphoid cells. At the 14th day after admission, he suffered from @entity490 and was diagnosed as having perforative @entity298 . In laparotomy, the infiltration of histiocyte-like atypical cells were found around a site of small perforation of the terminal ileum. The findings were compatible with that of malignant histiocytosis of the intestine (MHI). He had recurrent perforations of the small intestine and died of @entity298 and @entity295 at the 42nd day. Southern blot analysis of the biopsied lymph node showed @entity11112 gene rearrangement. Some @entity1 diagnosed clinically and pathologically as having MHI may have a @entity784 like our case.

title: [ XXXX (so-called malignant histiocytosis of the intestine) complicated by multiple perforations].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['dermatopathic lymphadenopathy', 'lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma', 'intestinal T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['Intestinal T-cell lymphoma']


abstract: Between 1977 and 1988, 20 @entity1 underwent the Fontan operation. Their age ranged from 4 to 24 years (mean 11 years). The basic disease was @entity1145 with ventriculo arterial concordance and @entity4265 . @entity849 was present in 16 @entity1 . Twenty-eight palliative procedures had been performed previously in the group of @entity1 presenting some forms of @entity849 . In 2 cases a non-valved conduit has been used for correction, in a third case a valve conduit was utilised, and in a fourth case a right atrioventricular connection was carried out. In the remaining 16 @entity1 , a wide posterior connection between the right atrium and the pulmonary arteries was performed. There were 2 early deaths (10%), and 2 late deaths (10%). After a follow-up ranging from 6 months to 11 years, all survivors are in a satisfying functional condition. We think that a wide unrestricting atriopulmonary anastomosis is mainly responsible for those good functional results. Age at operation has not influenced the results. Previous and long standing shunts may be responsible for immediate and late postoperate @entity712 . Consequently, we now prefer an earlier corrective procedure, particularly when the @entity1 has a patent systemic pulmonary shunt.

title: [The Fontan operation in XXXX . Effect of age, shunt and type of atrial pulmonary connection in @entity1145 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity1145 :: ('MESH:D018785', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid atresia']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary stenosis', 'Pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4265 :: ('MESH:C535682', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular hypoplasia']

answer: @entity1145 :: (MESH:D018785,Disease) :: ['tricuspid atresia']


abstract: Bone marrow has proved to be an adequate source of stem cells for the treatment of @entity74 , including @entity179 . Bone marrow can be easily and relatively painlessly extracted from a @entity1 or allogenic donor and then transplanted into the degenerative area. Here, the grafted cells will activate a number of mechanisms in order to protect, repair, and/or regenerate the damaged tissue. These properties make the bone marrow a feasible source for cell therapy. In this work, we transplanted bone marrow cells into a @entity19 model of @entity528 , with the particularity of placing the cells in the hindlimb muscles rather than in the spinal cord where @entity528 occurs. To this end, we analyze the possibility for the transplanted cells to increase the survival rate of the spinal cord motoneurons by axonal-guided retrograde neurotrophism. As a result, the @entity19 significantly improved their motor functions. This coincided with an increased number of motoneurons innervating the treated muscle compared with the neurons innervating the non-treated contralateral symmetric muscle. In addition, we detected an increase in glial-derived neurotrophic factor in the spinal cord, a neurotrophic factor known to be involved in the rescue of degenerating motoneurons, exerting a neuroprotective effect. Thus, we have proved that bone marrow injected into the muscles is capable of rescuing these motoneurons from death, which may be a possible therapeutic approach for spinal cord motoneuron @entity179 , such as @entity746 .

title: Bone marrow transplantation in hindlimb muscles of motoneuron degenerative XXXX reduces @entity528 and improves motor function.

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases', 'degenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['numerous disorders']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['motoneuron degeneration', 'neuronal degeneration']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of @entity3916 levels and fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) with @entity6 in the U.S. population and to compare the ability of the two glycemic measures to discriminate between @entity1 with and without @entity989 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This study included 1,066 individuals aged >or=40 years from the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. @entity3916 , FPG, and 45 degrees color digital retinal images were assessed. @entity989 was defined as a level >or=14 on the Early Treatment @entity6 Study severity scale. We used joinpoint regression to identify linear inflections of prevalence of @entity989 in the association between @entity3916 and FPG. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of @entity989 was 11%, which is appreciably lower than the prevalence in @entity1 with diagnosed @entity6 (36%). There was a sharp @entity989 prevalence in those with @entity3916 >or=5.5% or FPG >or=5.8 mmol/l. After excluding 144 @entity1 using hypoglycemic medication, the change points for the greatest @entity989 prevalence were @entity3916 5.5% and FPG 7.0 mmol/l. The coefficients of variation were 15.6 for @entity3916 and 28.8 for FPG. Based on the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves, @entity3916 was a stronger discriminator of @entity989 (0.71 [95% CI 0.66-0.76]) than FPG (0.65 [0.60 - 0.70], P for difference = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: The steepest @entity989 prevalence occurs among individuals with @entity3916 >or=5.5% and FPG >or=5.8 mmol/l. @entity3916 discriminates prevalence of @entity989 better than FPG.

title: Association of @entity3916 and fasting plasma @entity413 levels with @entity6 prevalence in the U.S. population: Implications for XXXX diagnostic thresholds.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy', 'diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'increase in retinopathy', 'Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity791 has created considerable concern among the public regarding being transfused with potentially infectious blood. However, autologous blood donations are still not maximally provided nor utilized. Significant @entity299 disqualifies all allogeneic and most autologous blood donors (American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) Standards 1994). Disqualification is based on the widespread belief that donating blood could possibly be detrimental to their health. However, this belief has not been sufficiently documented. Sixty-eight donors (ages 14-84 years), all with histories of significant @entity299 , donated 111 units of whole blood (1-3 units). Twenty-eight @entity1 donated 1 unit, 37 donated 2 units, and three @entity1 donated 3 units. Fifty-nine @entity1 had @entity741 , and nine had @entity340 (five with mitral @entity850 and four with @entity3454 ). No @entity1 received @entity1307 , and only one received equal volume replacement with normal saline during donation. All these @entity1 eagerly wished to donate in spite of being informed of the possible complications. No @entity1 wishing to donate has been refused, and none has experienced any adverse consequences from donating. Forty-four @entity1 underwent total hip/knee replacements. Only 56 units (50%) were transfused to 37 @entity1 (54%). Although our experience is limited, it appears that many @entity1 with histories of well established @entity299 can easily tolerate donating blood without compromising their health.

title: Should XXXX prevent autologous blood donation?

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve prolapse']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases', 'heart disease']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac disease']


abstract: Soy @entity6400 may impede atherogenic processes associated with @entity65 . Research suggests that the postprandial generation of TG-rich remnants contributes to the development of @entity731 . The purpose of the current study was to determine if 39 g soy (85 mg aglycone @entity6400 , treatment) compared with 40 g milk protein (0 mg aglycone @entity6400 , control) in combination with a high-fat meal can modify postprandial, atherogenic-associated events and biomarkers for oxidative stress, @entity32 , and @entity715 . Fifteen healthy @entity1 (20-47 yr) participated in a double-blind cross-over meal-challenge study occurring on two nonconsecutive days. The study meals consisted of two high-fat apple muffins consumed with either a soy or milk shake (229 mL, 41% fat, 41% @entity1735 , and 18% protein). Blood samples were obtained at baseline (fasted) and hours two, four, and six postprandial. Plasma TG significantly increased in both treatment and control meal challenges compared with baseline. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between treatment (soy) and control (milk) for ex vivo @entity920 -induced LDL oxidation, serum @entity1851 , serum @entity650 ( @entity650 ), serum @entity2002 , or plasma lipids (total @entity165 , HDL, LDL, TG). @entity650 -concentrations significantly decreased as a function of time during either meal challenge (P = 0.005). These data suggest that consumption of soy or milk protein in conjunction with a high-fat meal does not acutely modify postprandial oxidative stress, @entity32 , or plasma lipid concentrations in young, healthy @entity1 .

title: Effects of soy or milk protein during a high-fat feeding challenge on oxidative stress, XXXX , and lipids in healthy @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavones']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2792 ( @entity2792 ) increases @entity65 and mortality. Renal revascularization with percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty and stenting (PTRS) may reverse @entity2792 but may not fully regress cardiac @entity5707 and damage, possibly due to persistent @entity296 . Bendavia is a mitochondrial targeted peptide that reduces @entity296 by improving mitochondrial function. However, its potential for attenuating residual @entity296 after reversal of @entity2792 has not been explored. We hypothesized that treatment with Bendavia as an adjunct to PTRS would improve cardiac function and oxygenation, and decrease @entity296 in @entity1707 @entity2792 . METHODS AND RESULTS: After 6 weeks of @entity2792 ( @entity2791 ) or control, @entity1707 underwent PTRS (or sham), with adjunct continuous infusion of Bendavia (0.05 mg/kg intravenously, 30 min before to 3.5 h after PTRS) or vehicle (n=7 each). Four weeks later, systolic and diastolic function were assessed by multidetector computed tomography, myocardial oxygenation by blood @entity26 level-dependent MRI, and myocardial morphology, apoptosis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and @entity82 evaluated ex vivo. PTRS restored blood pressure in both groups, yet E/A ratio remained decreased. Myocardial oxygenation and mitochondrial biogenesis improved, and @entity296 , oxidative stress, and @entity82 normalized in association with improvement in diastolic function in @entity2792 +PTRS+Bendavia animals. CONCLUSION: Adjunct Bendavia during PTRS in @entity1707 @entity2792 improved diastolic function and oxygenation and reversed @entity296 . This approach may allow a novel strategy for preservation of cardiac function and structure in @entity2792 .

title: Mitochondrial targeted peptides attenuate residual XXXX after reversal of experimental renovascular hypertension.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury', 'myocardial insults', 'ischemic cardiomyopathy', 'myocardial tissue damage', 'myocardial damage', 'myocardial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['RVHT', 'Renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['remodeling']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial damage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2334 ( @entity2334 ) occur in reproducible patterns, but etiologic factors determining the anatomic distribution of these @entity439 are not well understood. This study sought to gain insight into etiologic differences and clinical outcomes associated with repetitive anatomic distributions of @entity2334 . From 3,247 @entity1 registered in an institutional Thoracic Aortic Center database from July 1992 to August 2013, we identified 844 @entity1 with full aortic dimensional imaging by computerized axial tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scan (mean age 62.8    14  years, 37% @entity1 , median follow-up 40  months) with TA diameter >4.0  cm and without evidence of previous @entity1580 . @entity1 demographic and imaging data were analyzed in 3 groups: isolated ascending @entity2334 (AAs; n  = 628), isolated descending @entity2334 (DTAs; n  = 130), and combined AA and @entity11510 (mixed @entity2334 , MTA; n  = 86). @entity1 with @entity11510 had more @entity101 (82% vs 59%, p <0.001) and a higher burden of @entity731 (88% vs 9%, p <0.001) than AA. Conversely, @entity1 with @entity5066 were younger (59.5    13.5 vs 71.0    11.8  years, p <0.001) and contained almost every case of overt, genetically triggered TA. @entity1 with isolated @entity11510 were demographically indistinguishable from @entity1 with MTA. In follow-up, @entity1 with @entity11510 /MTA experienced more aortic events ( @entity1580 / @entity397 ) and had higher mortality than @entity1 with @entity5066 . In multivariate analysis, @entity439 size (odds ratio 1.1, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.16, p <0.001) and the presence of @entity731 (odds ratio 5.7, 95% CI 2.02 to 16.15, p <0.001) independently predicted adverse aortic events. We find that @entity11510 with or without associated AA appears to be a disease more highly associated with @entity731 , @entity101 , and advanced age. In contrast, @entity5066 appears to be a clinically distinct entity with a greater burden of genetically triggered disease.

title: Characteristics and Outcomes of Ascending Versus Descending XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5066 :: ('MESH:C566236', 'Disease') :: ['isolated AA']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic aneurysms', 'thoracic aortic aneurysm', 'Thoracic aortic aneurysms', 'TAs']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Xp11.2 translocation @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ), a recently recognized distinct subtype of @entity1358 , is characterized by various translocations, all involving the @entity19409 transcription factor gene. These rare @entity5 occur predominantly in @entity1 and young adults and comprise about one-third of pediatric RCCs. In the present study, we review the clinical course of Xp11.2 translocation @entity1358 in our institution. METHODS: We identified eight cases with Xp11.2 translocation @entity1358 between 2007 and 2010 from the pathological archives of the Taipei Veterans General Hospital. We retrospectively analyzed the @entity1 ' characteristics, clinical manifestations, and specific pathological features for definitive diagnosis, surgical and systemic treatment and clinical outcome of these rare @entity5 . RESULTS: @entity1 were aged 20 years to 49 years (mean age 28 years) with female predominance (6 females, 2 males). One @entity1 presented with asymptomatic renal mass detected incidentally during abdominal sonography. Four @entity1 complained of flank or @entity490 , and the other three complained of gross @entity811 at initial presentation. The mean @entity5 size was 9.2 cm (range, 4 cm-17 cm). Seven @entity1 underwent radical nephrectomy for the @entity5 , while one presented with multiple @entity3 . All cases were confirmed by @entity19409 immunohistochemistry, a sensitive and specific marker of @entity5 with @entity19409 gene fusion, which showed positive nuclear staining. Three @entity1 presented initially with metastatic diseases, and another three @entity1 progressed to lung, liver and bone @entity3 at eight, seven and nine months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Although RT-PCR and DNA sequencing are the final diagnoses of the molecular identity of Xp11.2 translocation @entity1358 , experienced pathologists could confirm the histologic diagnosis based on the distinctive morphologic features with positive @entity19409 immunochemical nuclear stain. Surgical resection is the only treatment. The role of systemic therapy for local recurrence and @entity3 remains to be determined.

title: XP11.2 translocation XXXX : clinical experience of Taipei Veterans General Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity7408 has emerged as one of the leading agents of @entity364 and strain typing is essential for epidemiological investigation that is generally achieved by molecular techniques. In this work, we studied twenty-nine @entity7408 strains isolated from different @entity1 , using a phenotypic approach based on Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which has been in a previous study successfully applied as a rapid typing method for @entity5132 . A two-step procedure was used for the analysis. The first step included sixteen strains for the internal validation phase, which aimed at finding the spectral windows that would provide the best differentiation between strains. In this phase, @entity2686 ( @entity2686 ) carried out using three spectral windows (900-1200, 1540-1800, 2800-3000 cm(-1)) allowed to obtain the best classification, where each @entity1 strains could be clustered together. A genotypic technique based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-analysis (RAPD) confirmed these results. In a second step, the external validation phase, thirteen other clinical strains of @entity7408 isolated from multiple sites in four ICU @entity1 , were tested by FTIR spectroscopy. The analysis was based on the spectral regions previously found in the first step. @entity2686 classification of the strains gave four groups, one group per @entity1 . These results suggest that no inter- @entity1 transmission took place. This study shows the potential of FTIR approach for typing of @entity7408 with several advantages compared to other techniques. FTIR typing is fast, effective, and reagent free. Moreover, it is applicable to all micro-organisms and requires a small quantity of biomass.

title: Epidemiological investigation and typing of XXXX clinical isolates by FTIR spectroscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7408 :: ('5478', 'Species') :: ['C. glabrata', 'Candida glabrata']

entities_list: @entity2686 :: ('MESH:D003027', 'Disease') :: ['hierarchical cluster analysis', 'HCA']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

answer: @entity7408 :: (5478,Species) :: ['Candida glabrata']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study used a large national administrative in-hospital database to compare utilization and age-specific outcomes between open repair (OAR) and endovascular (EVAR) repair for the treatment of @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ). METHODS: Discharges with the principal International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) procedure codes for EVAR and OAR and principal diagnosis code of intact AAAs were selected from the 2001 to 2006 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS). Weighted least-square regression was used to test the trend of utilization by age. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the risk-adjusted outcomes. RESULTS: Nationally, the estimated number of elective AAAs treated with EVAR increased from 11,171 in 2001 to 21,725 in 2006 (P = .003). The number of elective AAAs treated with OAR declined from 17,784 to 8451 during the same period (P < .001). By 2006, EVAR was more frequently used than OAR for @entity1 of all ages. Compared with the younger age groups, @entity1 aged >or=85 years had a significant increase in the total number of asymptomatic @entity1028 repairs, driven almost entirely by an increase in the use of EVAR. Compared with open @entity1 , EVAR @entity1 had a significantly shorter length of hospitalization (adjusted mean, 2.99 days [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.97-3.01] vs 8.78 days [95% CI, 8.53-8.57]), less in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.23; 95% CI, 0.19-0.28), fewer in-hospital complications (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.25-0.28), and a higher likelihood of being discharged to home (OR, 3.95; 95% CI, 3.62-4.31). The reduction of complications from the use of EVAR versus OAR was most dramatic for the oldest @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: As short-term surgical outcomes are consistently improving for @entity1 undergoing @entity1028 repair, elective EVAR has replaced OAR as the more common method of repair in the United States. The introduction of this technology has been rapidly adopted, particularly for the oldest-old surgical @entity1 , aged >or=85 years, who previously may not have been offered surgical intervention for asymptomatic @entity1028 . Further investigation is necessary to examine whether this trend improves the long-term survival and quality of life for this elderly population.

title: Age-related trends in utilization and outcome of open and endovascular repair for XXXX in the United States, 2001-2006.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['AAA', 'abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Rodent @entity28 models have been shown to display @entity73 . We have shown that @entity15212 ( @entity15212 ) attenuates hepatic lipogenesis, and in the present study we investigated whether @entity15212 also improves high fat diet-associated @entity1448 . METHODS: @entity164 ( @entity164 ) and @entity8238 -deficient @entity35 ( @entity8238 -) with chronic elevated serum levels of active @entity15212 were fed regular chow and a Western diet for 2  months. Primary hepatocytes were used to assess @entity15212 effects on mRNA expression and transcription of genes encoding @entity6741 synthesis enzymes and transporters. RESULTS: @entity8238 - exhibited @entity99 as expressed by lower serum AST and ALT after 2  months of a Western diet. In addition, @entity8238 - had @entity1720 , lower serum @entity1674 , @entity165 and @entity3645 . Hepatic expression of @entity34254 , the rate limiting enzyme in conversion of @entity165 into @entity3645 , was strongly attenuated in @entity8238 - fed with a Western diet. Moreover, hepatic expression of bile transporter, @entity30167 , was increased, facilitating a higher rate of bile secretion. Mechanistically, we showed that @entity15212 directly reduced basal and LXR-induced @entity34254 mRNA expression and suppressed @entity34254 transcription in transient transfection assays in primary hepatocytes. However, @entity15212 and its analog exendin 4 also induced mRNA expression of @entity6741 transporter @entity24072 in primary @entity35 hepatocyte cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that @entity15212 analogs may serve as a novel therapeutic drug to alleviate @entity28 -induced @entity99 by reducing @entity6741 synthesis and improving liver bile secretory function.

title: XXXX -deficient @entity35 have improved bile secretory function in high fat diet-induced steatosis.

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired bile secretory functions']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestatic injury']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['better insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury', 'attenuated liver injury']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity8238 :: (25253(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Dipeptidyl peptidase 4']


abstract: Accurately estimating biological sex from the @entity1 skeleton can be especially difficult for @entity445 remains often encountered in bioarchaeological contexts. Where typical anatomically dimorphic skeletal regions are incomplete or absent, observers often take their best guess to classify biological sex. Latent profile analysis ( @entity4991 ) is a mixture modeling technique which uses observed continuous data to estimate unobserved categorical group membership using posterior probabilities. In this study, sex is the latent variable (male and female are the two latent classes), and the indicator variables used here were eight standard linear measurements (long bone lengths, diaphyseal and articular breadths, and circumferences). Mplus (Muth  n and Muth  n: Mplus user's guide, 6th ed. Los Angeles: Muth  n _ Muth  n, 2010) was used to obtain maximum likelihood estimates for latent class membership from a known sample of individuals from the forensic data bank (FDB) (Jantz and Moore-Jansen: Database for forensic anthropology in the United States 1962-1991, Ann Arbor, MI: Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research, 2000) (n   =   1,831), yielding 87% of correct classification for sex. Then, a simulation extracted 5,000 different random samples of 206 complete cases each from the FDB (these cases also had known sex). We then artificially imposed patterns of missing data similar to that observed in a poorly preserved bioarchaeological sample from Medieval Asturias, Spain (n   =   206), and ran @entity4991 on each sample. This tested the efficacy of @entity4991 under extreme conditions of poor preservation (missing data, 42%). The simulation yielded an average of 82% accuracy, indicating that @entity4991 is robust to large amounts of missing data when analyzing incomplete skeletons.

title: Sex determination of XXXX skeletal populations using latent profile analysis.

entities_list: @entity445 :: ('MESH:C536298', 'Disease') :: ['fragmentary or incomplete']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8 is the final, common pathway of @entity454 . Whether and how autophagy contributes to @entity8 remains unclear. Here we first detected persistent autophagy in kidney proximal tubules in the @entity8 model of @entity1695 ( @entity1695 ) in @entity19 . @entity1695 -associated @entity82 was suppressed by pharmacological inhibitors of autophagy and also by kidney proximal tubule-specific knockout of autophagy-related 7 (PT- @entity30527 KO). Consistently, proliferation and activation of fibroblasts, as indicated by the expression of @entity3113 /a-smooth muscle actin and @entity3111 ( @entity3111 ), was inhibited in PT- @entity30527 KO @entity19 , so was the accumulation of extracellular matrix components including @entity28135 ( @entity28135 ) and collagen fibrils. Tubular @entity194 , apoptosis, @entity393 , and interstitial macrophage infiltration were all inhibited in these @entity19 . Moreover, these @entity19 showed a specific suppression of the expression of a profibrotic factor @entity10245 ( @entity10245 ). In vitro, @entity641 ( @entity641 ) induced autophagy, apoptosis, and @entity28135 accumulation in primary proximal tubular cells. Inhibition of autophagy suppressed @entity28135 accumulation and apoptosis, while enhancement of autophagy increased @entity641 -induced-cell death. These results suggest that persistent activation of autophagy in kidney proximal tubules promotes @entity8 during @entity1695 . The profibrotic function of autophagy is related to the regulation on tubular cell death, @entity32 , and the production of profibrotic factors.

title: Persistent activation of autophagy in kidney tubular cells promotes @entity8 during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal fibrosis', 'renal interstitial fibrosis', 'Renal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral ureteral obstruction', 'UUO']

entities_list: @entity641 :: ('21803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor b 1', 'TGFB1']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['nephron loss']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1695 :: (MESH:D014517,Disease) :: ['unilateral ureteral obstruction']


abstract: Background: Many causes can lead to shoulder @entity158 , and @entity5818 ( @entity5818 ) is the most frequently recorded disorder. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of diminutive incision acromioplasty assisted with arthroscopy for the treatment of Chinese @entity1 with @entity5818 . Subjects and Methods: Twenty-four @entity158 shoulders in 22 @entity1 with @entity5818 were included in the study. All @entity158 shoulders belonged to grade II (n = 8) and III (n = 16) according to Neer's classification. Detailed physical examination was performed. Conventional radiography and subsequent magnetic resonance imaging of the shoulder region of all @entity1 were performed. The UCLA score system was applied to all @entity1 to evaluate their satisfaction after surgery. The preoperative recordings of the UCLA scores were collected and all enrolled cases were available for follow-up at one, three, six and 12 months after surgery. Results: According to the UCLA scoring system, the symptoms of all @entity158 shoulders improved after one year postoperatively. The average score before surgery was 15.4 points, which increased to 31.2 points postoperatively, showing statistical difference ( p< 0.05). Conclusions: A diminutive incision acromioplasty assisted with arthroscopy is a reliable approach to treat Chinese @entity1 with @entity5818 . All @entity158 shoulders were improved in one year after surgery.

title: Diminutive Incision Acromioplasty Assisted with Arthroscopy in the Treatment of Chinese XXXX with @entity5818 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5818 :: ('MESH:D019534', 'Disease') :: ['SIS', 'subacromial impingement syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore a suitable dose of @entity8779 ( @entity11059 ) combined with @entity2592 for the initial induction regimen for @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 100 adult @entity1 with de novo @entity3052 aged between 14 years and 80 years were enrolled in the current study and randomized into two arms for the initial induction: an @entity11059 12 mg/m(2) arm and an @entity11059 8 mg/m(2) arm. All @entity1 received the same consolidation chemotherapy. The follow-up period was January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2014. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), disease-free survival (DFS), and morphology @entity1778 relapse (hematological and/or extramedullary) were recorded. RESULTS: The complete remission rates were 80% and 75% in the @entity11059 12 mg/m(2) and @entity11059 8 mg/m(2) arms, respectively, after initial induction. High-dose @entity11059 (12 mg/m(2)) resulted in a higher complete remission rate after two courses of induction therapy (96.4% vs 76.5%) in the cytogenetic intermediate-risk group (P=0.026). There were no differences in the number of units of infused red blood cells, agranulocytosis time, or @entity281 rates between the two arms. @entity1 in the @entity11059 12 mg/m(2) arm received more platelet transfusions (P=0.047). In the intention-to-treat analysis, after a median follow-up of 13 months, high-dose @entity11059 (12 mg/m(2)) resulted in improved @entity1349 (median @entity1349 , 54.0 months vs 26.7 months, P=0.021) and DFS (median DFS, 54.0 months vs 18.3 months, P=0.031), particularly in the cytogenetic intermediate-risk group (median @entity1349 , 54.0 months vs 29.5 months, P=0.009; median DFS, 54.0 months vs 15.3 months, P=0.014). @entity11059 12 mg/m(2) significantly improved @entity1349 and DFS in the cytogenetic intermediate-risk group (P=0.009 and P=0.018). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that a high dose of @entity11059 (12 mg/m(2)) combined with @entity2592 is a suitable and safe initial remission induction regimen that results in superior long-term survival of @entity3052 @entity1 , particularly @entity1 in the cytogenetic intermediate-risk group.

title: A comparative study of @entity8779 12 mg/m(2) and 8 mg/m(2) combined with @entity2592 as the first induction regimen for adult XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8779 :: ('MESH:D015255', 'Chemical') :: ['idarubicin']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'adult AML', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence of the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for a wide range of @entity74 . There is a continued controversy about whether challenging maladaptive thoughts rather than use of behavioural interventions alone is associated with the greatest efficacy. However little is known about the relative efficacy of various components of CBT. This review aims to compare the relative efficacy of Cognitive Therapy (CT) versus Exposure (E) for a range of @entity148 using the most clinically relevant outcome measures and estimating the summary relative efficacy by combining the studies in a meta-analysis. METHODS: Psych INFO, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from the first available year to May 2010. All randomised controlled studies comparing the efficacy of exposure with cognitive therapy were included. Odds ratios (OR) or standardised means' differences (Hedges' g) for the most clinically relevant primary outcomes were calculated. Outcomes of the studies were grouped according to specific disorders and were combined in meta-analyses exploring short-term and long-term outcomes. RESULTS: 20 Randomised Controlled Trials with (n = 1,308) directly comparing the efficacy of CT and E in @entity148 were included in the meta-analysis. No statistically significant difference in the relative efficacy of CT and E was revealed in @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ), in @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ) and in @entity4697 ( @entity4697 ). There was a statistically significant difference favouring CT versus E in @entity913 both in the short-term (Z = 3.72, p = 0.0002) and the long-term (Z = 3.28, p = 0.001) outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of extant literature, there appears to be no evidence of differential efficacy between cognitive therapy and exposure in @entity4697 , @entity1005 and @entity3119 and strong evidence of superior efficacy of cognitive therapy in @entity913 .

title: Efficacy of exposure versus cognitive therapy in XXXX : systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'Panic Disorder']

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['social phobia', 'Social Phobia']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['Post Traumatic Stress Disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['psychological disorders']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['Obsessive Compulsive Disorder', 'OCD']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety disorders']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of action of @entity36205 ( @entity4601 ), a semi-synthesized agent from the starting material @entity507 extracted from the Chinese Traditional Herbs Artemisia annua, on ameliorating the symptoms of lupus on BXSB @entity19 . The concentration of @entity637 in the culture supernatant of the peritoneal macrophages and in the sera of BXSB @entity19 was determined by the ELISA method. @entity1991 protein expression and translocation were assayed by the EMSA method and laser confocal scanning microscopy method, respectively. @entity1993 and @entity1991 @entity1992 protein expression were determined by the Western blot method. Renal tissue of the BXSB @entity19 was prepared for assaying inhibitory activity of @entity4601 on @entity1991 , @entity1992 and @entity1993 protein expression in vivo. The peritoneal macrophages were prepared for analysis inhibitory effects of @entity4601 on translocation of @entity1991 into nuclear in vitro. We found that @entity4601 strongly reduced the production of @entity637 in the culture supernatant of the peritoneal macrophages and in the sera of BXSB @entity19 in vitro or in vivo. The results demonstrated that @entity4601 decreased the expression of @entity1991 subunit @entity1992 protein and the activation of @entity1991 in the renal tissue of BXSB @entity19 in vivo. @entity4601 effectively inhibited the nuclear translocation of @entity1991 in peritoneal macrophages of BXSB @entity19 in vitro. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the degradation of @entity1993 protein was significantly inhibited by @entity4601 . These observations suggested that the inhibitory effects of @entity4601 on @entity637 production may result from the block in the @entity1991 signaling pathway upstream of IkappaB degradation.

title: @entity36205 ameliorates lupus symptom of BXSB @entity19 by inhibiting production of @entity637 and blocking the signaling pathway XXXX translocation.

entities_list: @entity36205 :: ('MESH:C513609', 'Chemical') :: ['Dihydroarteannuin']

entities_list: @entity507 :: ('MESH:C031327', 'Chemical') :: ['artemisinin']

answer: @entity1991 :: (18033(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['NF-kappa B']


abstract: Cholinergic neuromodulation of hippocampal circuitry promotes network oscillations and facilitates learning and memory through cellular actions on both excitatory and inhibitory circuits. Despite widespread recognition that neurochemical content discriminates between functionally distinct interneuron populations, there has been no systematic examination of whether neurochemically distinct interneuron classes undergo differential cholinergic neuromodulation in the hippocampus. Using GFP @entity19 that enable the visualization of perisomatically targeting parvalbumin-positive (PV+) or cholecystokinin-positive ( @entity20648 +) basket cells (BCs), we tested the hypothesis that neurochemically distinct interneuron populations are differentially engaged by muscarinic @entity934 receptor (mAChR) activation. Cholinergic fiber activation revealed that @entity20648 BCs were more sensitive to synaptic release of @entity1617 than PV BCs. In response to depolarizing current steps, mAChR activation of PV BCs and @entity20648 BCs also elicited distinct cholinergic response profiles, differing in mAChR-induced changes in action potential (AP) waveform, firing frequency, and intrinsic excitability. In contrast to PV BCs, @entity20648 BCs exhibited a mAChR-induced afterdepolarization (mADP) that was frequency and activity-dependent. Pharmacological, molecular, and loss-of-function data converged on the presence of M3 mAChRs in distinguishing @entity20648 BCs from PV BCs. Firing frequency of @entity20648 BCs was controlled through M3 mAChRs but PV BC excitability was altered solely through M1 mAChRs. Finally, upon mAChR activation, glutamatergic transmission enhanced cellular excitability preferentially in @entity20648 BCs but not in PV BCs. Our findings demonstrate that cell type-specific cholinergic specializations are present on neurochemically distinct interneuron subtypes in the hippocampus, revealing an organizing principle that cholinergic neuromodulation depends critically on neurochemical identity.

title: M3 muscarinic XXXX receptor expression confers differential cholinergic modulation to neurochemically distinct hippocampal basket cell subtypes.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Surgical repair of the aortic arch remains technically challenging and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Cerebral oximetry is a noninvasive technology that can monitor the regional @entity26 saturation of the frontal cortex. We hypothesized that magnitude and duration of decreased intraoperative regional @entity26 saturation was associated with postoperative organ dysfunction. Additionally, we sought to identify regional @entity26 saturation threshold values that are predictive of organ dysfunction. METHODS: The intraoperative regional @entity26 saturation values of 30 @entity1 undergoing aortic arch surgery were recorded and analyzed. @entity260 were categorized as "major" and "minor." Severe adverse outcome, extubation time, intensive care unit length of stay, and hospital length of stay data were collected and compared with the integrals of regional @entity26 saturation and time (area under the threshold) spent beneath predetermined absolute threshold limits. RESULTS: Twenty subjects underwent hemiarch replacement, and 10 subjects received total aortic arch replacements. There were 30 major and 29 minor complications identified. Sixteen (53.3%) @entity1 had at least 1 major complication. Logistic regression showed statistically significant associations between area under the threshold and severe adverse outcome incidence for regional @entity26 saturation thresholds of 60% (P = .038) and 65% (P = .025). @entity1 who spent more than 30 minutes under the absolute threshold of 60% had an extended hospital stay of 4 days leading to an additional cost of  8300.00. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings lend evidence to support the association of decreased perioperative cerebral oxygenation values with poor outcomes after aortic arch surgery.

title: Noninvasive cerebral oxygenation may predict outcome in XXXX undergoing aortic arch surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The effects of treatment with naturally occurring antioxidants, @entity4259 , @entity2066 , @entity28233 , @entity28234 and @entity4744 during the promotional phase of @entity5 development were investigated in male F344 @entity35 pre-treated with @entity8708 ( @entity18399 ) and @entity7045 ( @entity7045 ). Animals were given 3 subcutaneous injections of @entity18399 at a dose of 40 mg/kg body wt. within 1 week and then were injected with @entity7045 i.p. at a dose of 20 mg/kg body wt. 2 times per week, for 2 weeks. Thereafter, the @entity35 were maintained on diet containing either 0.2% @entity2066 , 2 ppm @entity4259 , 1% @entity28233 , 1% esculin or 0.8% @entity4744 . At week 52, surviving @entity35 were killed and complete histological examinations were performed. Administration of @entity4744 enhanced the development of both @entity1373 and @entity1185 in the forestomach. Although treatment with @entity2066 tended to decrease the incidence and number of large intestinal @entity189 , @entity2066 , @entity4259 , esculin and @entity4744 all decreased the incidence of @entity8 , the differences were not statistically significant. The results thus showed that @entity4744 exerts promoting activity for @entity105 while the other antioxidants might have weak organ-specific inhibitory effects under these experimental conditions.

title: Effects of naturally occurring antioxidants on combined @entity8708 - and @entity7045 -initiated XXXX in F344 male @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity7045 :: ('CHEBI:50102', 'Chemical') :: ['MNU', '1-methyl-1-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney nephroblastomas']

entities_list: @entity28233 :: ('MESH:C004999', 'Chemical') :: ['ferulic acid']

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity8708 :: ('MESH:D019813', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2-dimethylhydrazine']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['forestomach carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: (1) To investigate the development of @entity1183 from soon after the @entity7125 to 6 months postinjury and (2) to determine differences in detection thresholds between those with initial features of poor recovery and those without these signs. METHODS: Fifty-two @entity1 with acute @entity74 ( @entity74 ) (<1 mo) were classified as either "high-risk" (n=17; Neck Disability Index >30; sensory @entity56 ) or "low risk" (n=35; without these signs). Detection thresholds to electrical, thermal, and vibration stimuli and @entity458 were prospectively measured within 1 month of injury and then 3 and 6 months postinjury. Detection thresholds were also measured in the 38 controls. RESULTS: Both @entity74 groups showed @entity1183 (vibration, electrical, and cold) at 1 month postinjury. Vibration and @entity1183 persisted to 3 and 6 months only in the high-risk @entity74 group. Heat detection thresholds were not different between the groups at 1 month postinjury but were elevated in the high-risk group at 3 and 6 months. Both @entity74 groups were distressed at 1 month but this decreased by 3 months in the low-risk group. The differences in the Impact of Event Scale did not impact on any of the sensory measures. DISCUSSION: @entity1183 is a feature of acute @entity74 but persists only in those at higher risk of poor recovery. These findings suggest the involvement of the central inhibitory mechanisms that may be sustained by ongoing nociception.

title: The development of @entity1183 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['hypoesthesia', 'Sensory hypoesthesia', 'electrocutaneous hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity7125 :: ('MESH:D014911', 'Disease') :: ['whiplash injury']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['WAD', 'whiplash-associated disorders']

answer: @entity7125 :: (MESH:D014911,Disease) :: ['whiplash injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is reported to improve symptoms in approximately 85% of @entity1 . Reasons for failure include misdiagnosis, technical inadequacies, underlying severe @entity66 , biofilm, and @entity465 . Only one previous case of unrecognized odontogenic @entity1180 has been cited in the literature as a reason for failure to improve with sinus surgery. This study was designed to characterize clinical and radiographic findings in @entity1 who fail to improve with ESS because of an unrecognized dental etiology. METHODS: Five @entity1 , with odontogenic @entity1180 with prior unsuccessful ESS, were prospectively enrolled. Demographics and clinical aspects including duration of illness, prior sinus surgeries and therapies, and radiographic data were assessed. RESULTS: Five adults underwent an average of 2.8 sinus surgeries with persistence of disease and symptoms until their dental @entity281 was treated. Duration of symptoms ranged from 3 to 15 years. In four of five @entity1 , the periapical abscess was not noted on the original CT report but could be seen in retrospect. Three of five @entity1 had been seen by their dentists and told they had no dental pathology. All five @entity1 underwent dental extractions and one @entity1 underwent an additional ESS after dental extraction. These procedures led to a resolution of @entity1244 symptoms in all five @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Unrecognized periapical abscess is a cause of ESS failure and the radiological report frequently will fail to note the periapical @entity281 . Dentists are unable to recognize periapical abscesses reliably with dental x-rays and exam. In @entity1 with @entity1177 , the teeth should be specifically examined as part of the radiological workup.

title: Unrecognized odontogenic XXXX : a cause of endoscopic sinus surgery failure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1177 :: ('MESH:D008444', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary sinus disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity1180 :: ('MESH:D015523', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary sinusitis']

answer: @entity1180 :: (MESH:D015523,Disease) :: ['maxillary sinusitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with @entity907 ( @entity907 ) and positive @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) were not found to benefit from pacing in the ISSUE-3 trial despite the presence of spontaneous @entity1167 during monitoring. " @entity551 susceptibility" unmasked by @entity1062 was reported as a possible explanation. The purpose of this study was to assess the pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with @entity551 susceptibility. METHODS: 366 consecutive @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity907 who also had @entity1062 were identified. @entity1017 ( @entity1017 ) in addition to blood pressure (BP) and @entity299 ( @entity299 ) responses during the first 20  min of @entity1062 were analyzed and compared between @entity1 with positive @entity1062 (n  =  275, 75  %) and negative @entity1062 (n  =  91, 25  %). RESULTS: The mean @entity1017 was similar between the groups (12.5      6.3 versus 12.4      6.3  ms/mmHg, p  =  0.72); however, an age-dependent decrease was noted (17.6      4.8, 15.0      6.0, 10.6      4.2, 10.3      6.4 and 9.9      8.5  ms/mmHg for @entity1 <21, 21-40, 41-60, 61-80 and >80  years old, respectively; p  <  0.001). In addition, we saw a main effect of age on the type of response with a greater prevalence of a vasodepressor response in older subjects (p  <  0.001). During the first 20  min of @entity1062 , BP was similar in @entity1 with tilt-positive @entity907 when compared with @entity1 with tilt-negative @entity907 ; however, @entity299 was significantly lower. CONCLUSION: @entity1017 is similar in tilt-positive @entity907 @entity1 when compared with tilt-negative @entity907 @entity1 . An age-dependent decrease in @entity1017 was noted with a higher prevalence of a vasodepressor response seen in older @entity1 . The clinical significance of the blunted @entity299 response in tilt-positive @entity907 remains to be determined.

title: The pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with XXXX susceptibility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['vasovagal syncope', 'VVS']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate', 'HR']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['Baroreflex gain', 'BRG']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['TTT', 'tilt table test']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'Hypotensive']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotensive']


abstract: Elevated production of @entity842 (NO) by the @entity1506 (type II, @entity1506 ) may contribute to the vascular @entity6306 and hemodynamic alterations associated with @entity295 . Selective inhibition of this isoenzyme is a possible therapeutic intervention to correct these pathophysiological alterations. @entity5118 has been shown to be a selective @entity1506 inhibitor and to correct the endotoxin-mediated vascular hypocontractility in vitro. However, to date @entity5118 has not been shown to selectively block @entity1506 activity in vivo. The in vivo effects of @entity5118 were assessed in the cecal ligation and perforation model of @entity295 in @entity35 . @entity5118 (1.75-175 mg/kg) was administered to septic and sham-operated @entity35 for 3 h before euthanasia and harvest of tissues. NOS activities were determined in the thoracic aorta and lung from these animals. @entity5118 (17.5 mg/kg) did not alter the mean arterial pressure; however, it did inhibit induced @entity1506 (but not constitutive NOS) activity in the lung and thoracic aorta from septic animals. Only the higher dose of @entity5118 (175 mg/kg) was able to increase the mean arterial pressure in septic and sham-operated animals. Thus selective inhibition of @entity1506 in vivo with @entity5118 is possible, but our data suggest that other mechanisms, in addition to @entity1506 induction, are responsible for the loss of vascular tone characteristic of @entity295 .

title: Selective in vivo inhibition of inducible @entity842 synthase in a @entity35 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6306 :: ('MESH:C566417', 'Disease') :: ['hyporesponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity5118 :: ('MESH:C004479', 'Chemical') :: ['Aminoguanidine', 'aminoguanidine']

entities_list: @entity1506 :: ('24599(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['inducible NO synthase', 'iNOS']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: 1. The solubilization and partial purification of a proteinase from the intestinal smooth muscle of @entity35 fed on protein-free diets are described. 2. It has a mol.wt. of about 33000 and it is stable over a narrow pH range. 3. From its susceptibility to known modifers of proteolytic enzymes, it appears to be a @entity563 proteinase of a trypsin-like nature. Active-site titration with soya-bean trypsin inhibitor shows that the concentration of proteinase was about 3 microgram/g wet wt. of intestinal smooth muscle. However, the muscle proteinase demonstrates a marked ability for inactivating enzymes in their native conformation at neutral pH. It is about 100 times more efficient than pancreatic trypsin when the inactivating activities are compared on an approximately equimolar basis. 4. Inactivation of the substrate enzymes is accompanied by limited proteolysis, as demonstrated by @entity214 / @entity2975 -gel electrophoresis. 5. An endogenous inhibitor was separated from the proteinase by fractionation with @entity4859 . 6. Contamination of the muscle tissue by lumen, mucosal or blood proteinases and inhibitors is shown to be unlikely. 7. A role for the neutral trypsin-like proteinase in initiating the degradation of intracellular enzymes is considered.

title: The inactivation of native enzymes by a neutral proteinase from XXXX intestinal muscle.

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity214 :: ('CHEBI:8984', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulphate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']