abstract: Previously, @entity19 NIH 3T3 cells were stably transfected with @entity1 @entity10840 (beta-pol) cDNA in the antisense orientation and under the control of a metallothionein promoter [Zmudzka, B.Z. and Wilson, S.H. (1990) Som. Cell Mol. Gen., 16, 311-320]. To assess the feasibility of enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy by an antisense approach and to confirm a role for beta-pol in cellular DNA repair, we looked for increased sensitivity to DNA damaging agents under conditions where beta-pol is down-regulated in the antisense cell line. Such a sensitization is anticipated only where beta-pol is rate-limiting in a DNA repair pathway. A number of agents were tested: @entity900 ( @entity900 ); @entity3600 (BCNU); ionizing radiation and the radio-mimetic drug @entity1732 ; the bifunctional alkylating agents @entity1568 mustard and @entity10841 mustard (melphalan); the monofunctional alkylating agent @entity10842 ( @entity10843 ) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. In the cases of @entity900 and UV radiation, a significant enhancement of @entity137 was observed. Damage as a result of both of these agents is thought to be repaired by the @entity377 excision repair (NER) pathway. The results suggest that, in this cell line, beta-pol is involved in and is rate-limiting in NER. We propose that down-regulation of beta-pol by antisense approaches might be used to enhance the cytotoxic effects of @entity900 and other DNA damaging chemotherapeutic agents.

title: Strategic down-regulation of @entity10840 by antisense RNA sensitizes XXXX cells to specific DNA damaging agents.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity10842 :: ('MESH:D008741', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl methane sulfonate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity10840 :: ('5423', 'Gene') :: ['DNA polymerase beta']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity10841 :: ('CHEBI:58095', 'Chemical') :: ['L-phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1- nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: An 82-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with a complaint of @entity1163 . @entity9608 was suspected, but an abdominal CT showed no mass. Abdominal angiography showed a slight stain fed from the splenic artery. Arterial stimulation and venous sampling (ASVS) showed an abnormal insulin response only from the splenic artery. Under a provisional diagnosis of @entity9608 , surgical treatment was undertaken. Although no pancreatic masses were palpable, we performed a distal pancreatectomy. Subsequently, a pathological examination revealed @entity11448 . Reported cases of @entity11448 have had common clinical features: postprandial hyperinsulinemic @entity4053 , no abnormal findings in radiological examinations, and the presence of the ductulo-insular complex on histological examination. Surgical resection is recommended, but the extent of surgery is controversial. Our case had some clinical features of @entity9608 but was diagnosed as @entity11448 according to histopathologic criteria. Because ASVS showed that the pancreatic body and tail had a lesion producing insulin abnormally, we performed a distal pancreatectomy to cure the @entity4053 . Clinically, it is very difficult to distinguish @entity9608 . When we treat hyperinsulinemic @entity4053 , ASVS can be an essential examination to decide the extent of pancreatectomy.

title: Treatment of hyperinsulinemic @entity4053 due to XXXX in adults: a case report.

entities_list: @entity11448 :: ('MESH:D046768', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse nesidioblastosis']

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['Insulinoma', 'insulinoma', 'diffuse nesidioblastosis from insulinoma']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemic syncope in the early morning']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity11448 :: (MESH:D046768,Disease) :: ['diffuse nesidioblastosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The blood pressure (BP)-lowering effect of renal sympathetic nervous denervation (RDN) in resistant @entity101 (rHT) shows large variation among studies. METHODS: We meta-analyzed summary statistics of randomized clinical trials on RDN in rHT. For continuous outcomes, we assessed heterogeneity by Cochran's Q test and used random-effect models weighted for the inverse of the variance. We assessed safety by assessing the risk of major adverse events from stratified contingency tables. RESULTS: Of 5652 @entity1 screened in seven trials, 985 (17.4%) qualified and were randomized to control (n = 397) or RDN with SYMPLICITY(   ) catheters (n = 588). Follow-up was 6 months. In both control and RDN patients, antihypertensive treatment was continued or optimized. At enrolment, age averaged 58.1 years, systolic/diastolic office and 24 h BP 168.5/93.3 mmHg and 151.8/86.1 mmHg, respectively, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 79.3 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m  . For BP outcomes, there was heterogeneity among trials. Pooled effects (control minus RDN) were -4.9/-3.5 mmHg (95% confidence interval, -20.9 to 11.1/-8.9 to 1.9) for office BP, -2.8/-1.5 mmHg (-6.5 to 0.8/-3.3 to 0.4) for 24 h BP and 0.81 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m   (-1.69 to 3.30) for eGFR. Removing one trial at a time produced confirmatory results. Adverse events occurred in 7.4% and 9.9% of control and RDN @entity1 , respectively (p = 0.24). CONCLUSION: In selected rHT @entity1 maintained on antihypertensive drugs, RDN with the SYMPLICITY systems does not significantly decrease BP but is safe. Future trials with next-generation catheters should aim at identifying responders in @entity1 with evidence of sympathetic nervous overactivity.

title: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of renal denervation in treatment-resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no consensus on how authors conducting meta-analysis should deal with trial @entity1 with missing outcome data. The objectives of this study are to assess in Cochrane and non-Cochrane systematic reviews: (1) which categories of trial @entity1 the systematic review authors consider as having missing @entity1 data ( @entity14501 ), (2) how trialists reported on @entity1 with missing outcome data in trials, (3) whether systematic reviewer authors actually dealt with @entity14501 in their meta-analyses of dichotomous outcomes consistently with their reported methods, and (4) the impact of different methods of dealing with @entity14501 on pooled effect estimates in meta-analyses of dichotomous outcomes. METHODS/DESIGN: We will conduct a methodological study of Cochrane and non-Cochrane systematic reviews. Eligible systematic reviews will include a group-level meta-analysis of a @entity1 -important dichotomous efficacy outcome, with a statistically significant effect estimate. Teams of two reviewers will determine eligibility and subsequently extract information from each eligible systematic review in duplicate and independently, using standardized, pre-piloted forms. The teams will then use a similar process to extract information from the trials included in the meta-analyses of interest. We will assess first which categories of trial @entity1 the systematic reviewers consider as having @entity14501 . Second, we will assess how trialists reported on @entity1 with missing outcome data in trials. Third, we will compare what systematic reviewers report having done, and what they actually did, in dealing with @entity14501 in their meta-analysis. Fourth, we will conduct imputation studies to assess the effects of different methods of dealing with @entity14501 on the pooled effect estimates of meta-analyses. We will specifically calculate for each method (1) the percentage of systematic reviews that lose statistical significance and (2) the mean change of effect estimates across systematic reviews. DISCUSSION: The impact of different methods of dealing with @entity14501 on pooled effect estimates will help judge the associated risk of bias in systematic reviews. Our findings will inform recommendations regarding what assumptions for @entity14501 should be used to test the robustness of meta-analytical results.

title: Impact of missing XXXX data for dichotomous outcomes on pooled effect estimates in systematic reviews: a protocol for a methodological study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'patient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['participant']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical characteristics and diagnostic methods of @entity706 with @entity358 as the initial manifestations. METHODS: Seventy-nine @entity1 with @entity706 presenting with @entity358 were retrospectively analyzed. These cases were all diagnosed in The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University during 2007 to 2014. The data were collected, including general features, clinical manifestations, blood examinations, CT scan, diagnostic methods, pathologic diagnosis, misdiagnosis and the reasons. RESULTS: The median age of the 79 @entity1 was 51 years. Cough (66 cases, 84%), expectoration(55 cases, 70%), @entity353 (37 cases, 47%), @entity221 (37 cases, 47%), @entity1353 (34 cases, 43%), enlargement of the peripheral lymph nodes (24 cases, 30%), and rales in both sides of the lungs (20 cases, 25%). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) and @entity10224 levels were increased in 51% , 37%, and 49% of the @entity1 respectively. Chest CT scan showed bilateral involvement in 49 cases (62%), unilateral involvement in 23 cases (29%), and @entity6830 occupying lesions in 11 cases (14%). The lesions included nodules and masses, infiltration and pulmonary consolidation, diffuse ground-glass shadows or reticular changes, and @entity1143 . Fifty @entity1 had at least 2 kinds of these radiological changes. The @entity1143 of 21 @entity1 were examined, and 20 of them were exudates. Pleural effusion LDH/serum LDH > 3.5, @entity1143 CEA/serum CEA > 1, and @entity1143 @entity10224 increase were present in 1, 4, and 5 @entity1 respectively. The median value of the @entity1143 LDH and ADA were 224 U/L and 21 U/L. Several methods were used for diagnosis, including transbronchial biopsy(40 cases), peripheral lymph node biopsy (21 cases), percutaneous lung biopsy (8 cases), video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (3 cases), gastroscopic biopsy (1 case), enteroscopic biopsy (1 cases), pleural mass biopsy (1 case), sternal mass biopsy (1 case), scalp mass biopsy (1 case), mammary glands biopsy (1 case) and pharyngeal biopsy (1 case). The pathological study showed that 8 cases were @entity978 , and 71 cases were @entity1893 . The median misdiagnosis time was 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical symptoms and radiological features were diverse and nonspecific in @entity1 with @entity706 presented by @entity358 . Pathological biopsy should be considered early to avoid delay in diagnosis.

title: [Analysis of @entity706 presenting with XXXX : report of 79 cases].

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary symptoms']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity6830 :: ('MESH:D008479', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinum']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary symptoms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in @entity1 with @entity102 . METHODS: Two hundred twenty- four @entity1 were divided into laparoscopic group (n=98) and open appendectomy group (n=126) according to individual willing. Prospective non- randomized study was performed to compare the operative time, @entity548 , hospitalization time, the discovery and management concerned in operation. @entity490 in these @entity102 cases was followed up. RESULTS: The operative time was (54.8+/-21.8) min in open group and (51.8+/-18.0) min in laparoscopic group (t=0.80,P > 0.05). The @entity548 was (18.6+/-23.3) ml in open group and (9.8+/-4.7) ml in laparoscopic group (t=3.13, P < 0.05). The hospitalization time was (8.9+/-5.3) d in open group and (6.8+/-3.0) d in laparoscopic group (t=2.66,P < 0.05). Twenty- five cases had @entity1661 in laparoscopic group, including 9 cases of @entity1104 around appendix, 6 cases of @entity1104 between ileocecum and anterior or lateral abdominal wall, 4 cases of @entity1104 between epiploon and abdominal wall or intestines, 6 cases of @entity1104 around colon and others. All @entity1104 had been dissected. Fourteen cases @entity1104 around appendix had been discovered in 126 cases of open group and dissected (chi(2) =7.95,P < 0.05). In follow- up research, 24 cases still had chronic @entity490 in 98 case of open group, and 9 cases had chronic @entity490 in 87 of laparoscopic group, the difference was significant (chi(2)=6.29,P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The laparoscopic appendectomy possesses more advantages in treating @entity102 and can decrease the incidence of chronic @entity490 after operation.

title: [Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in XXXX with @entity102 ].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['operative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal adhesion']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal pain', 'abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Impairment of mitochondrial function plays an important role in @entity28 and the development of insulin resistance. The aim of this project was to investigate the mitochondrial DNA copy number in @entity1 omental adipose tissue with respect to @entity28 . METHODS: The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content per single adipocyte derived from abdominal omental adipose tissue was determined by quantitative RT-PCR in a group of 75 @entity1 , consisting of @entity28 and morbidly @entity28 subjects, as well as non- @entity28 controls. Additionally, basal metabolic rate and fat oxidation rate were recorded and expressed as total values or per kilogram fat mass. RESULTS: MtDNA content is associated with @entity28 . Higher body mass index (BMI) resulted in a significantly elevated mtDNA count (ratio = 1.56; p = 0.0331) comparing non- @entity28 (BMI < 30) to @entity28 volunteers (BMI >or= 30). The mtDNA count per cell was not correlated with age or gender. @entity6 @entity1 showed a trend toward reduced mtDNA content. A seasonal change in mtDNA copy number could not be identified. In addition, a substudy investigating the basal metabolic rate and the fasting fat oxidation did not reveal any associations to the mtDNA count. CONCLUSIONS: The mtDNA content per cell of omental adipose tissue did not correlate with various clinical parameters but tended to be reduced in @entity1 with @entity6 , which may partly explain the impairment of mitochondrial function observed in insulin resistance. Furthermore, the mtDNA content was significantly increased in @entity1 suffering from @entity28 (BMI above 30). This might reflect a compensatory response to the development of @entity28 , which is associated with impairment of mitochondrial function.

title: Mitochondrial DNA content in XXXX omental adipose tissue.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1241 ( @entity1241 ) is a major part of illness and physical discomfort in the general population. Since the 1990s, sacral nerve stimulation has been well established in the treatment of neurogenic @entity1241 . The precise placement of the electrode is crucial for the success of the procedure. Eighty percent of the @entity1 benefit from permanent treatment, but in 10-20% of the @entity1 tested electrode placement proves impossible due to anatomical variations of the sacral foramina. In this study, we describe the technical requirements and a new method of electrode placement with reference to the anatomical (bone) landmarks in an animal model. METHODS: With a small endoscope (Verres needle), we accessed the perirectal space to identify the nervous structures. A stimulated sphincter EMG was obtained for the experimental animals and muscle action potential (MAP/M-wave), latency time [ms], and the amplitude of the motor response [ V] were recorded. Electrodes were placed, the animals killed and dissected leaving the pelvic cavity untouched. The specimens were examined in a magnetic resonance scanner and in a multi-slice computed tomography scanner to detect the electrode material and possible surgical complications. After that the specimens were dissected. KEY RESULTS: In all eight cases in the four animals tested, we were able to stimulate the sacral nerve as demonstrated by the EMG findings. No major surgical complications were observed for the procedure. CONCLUSIONS _ INFERENCES: Endoscopic sacral nerve root stimulation is a safe and effective method for delivering stimulation material in the pelvis of the @entity742 . It is a promising procedure to be tested in @entity1 .

title: New selective endoscopic sacral nerve root stimulation--an advance in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['Fecal incontinence', 'FI']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['fecal incontinence']


abstract: @entity320 remains a disease with a very poor prognosis. High dose @entity1199 ( @entity2033 @entity1199 ) and @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) are both approved treatments for this malignancy but response rates remain poor. @entity2033 @entity1199 is the only approved therapy that has been shown to induce durable complete responses albeit in a very small percentage of @entity1 . The combination of @entity2904 followed by @entity2033 @entity1199 as biochemotherapy has been studied previously but did not improve responses over what had been observed for @entity2033 @entity1199 alone. In our clinical practice, we noted surprising rapid and dramatic responses to @entity2904 when given as therapy at 75 mg/m2 for 21 days per one month cycles in 6/9 (67%) sequentially treated @entity1 who had just completed a full course of @entity2033 @entity1199 and either had failed to respond (11%) or frankly progressed (89%). The @entity2904 therapy began on average within 6 weeks of stopping the @entity1199 . All responding @entity1 had complete or near complete responses (CR and nearCR) to @entity2904 . The responses became evident rapidly, typically within 1 or 2 cycles of @entity2904 . Three @entity1 remain @entity66 free, two are off of all therapy to date. Two @entity1 recurred after initial CR and nearCR. One @entity1 died from an acute @entity583 while in a CR. One @entity1 had prolonged stable disease and 2 @entity1 progressed. These were much better responses than what is typically observed for single agent @entity2904 ; indeed, durable CR to @entity2904 that persists off therapy is an unrecognized phenomenon to our knowledge. @entity2904 is an oral atypical alkylating agent that in addition to having cytotoxic activity against @entity320 has also been shown to decrease the T regulatory population of lymphocytes (T-regs). We hypothesize that the @entity2904 may be synergistic with @entity2033 @entity1199 in a sequence-specific fashion by allowing the immune activation induced by the @entity2033 @entity1199 to proceed without negative feedback applied by the T-reg population of cells whose major function is to inhibit an exuberant immune response. This postulated mechanism would result in the sequence-specific activity noted in our @entity1 . Of interest, 3/6 responding @entity1 and 1/3 stable/ non-responding @entity1 also exhibited persistent @entity4841 that began on @entity2904 suggesting the induction of @entity792 which may be related to anti- @entity320 effects. The durable CRs that persist after the cessation of treatment suggest that this sequence-specific combination should be studied further, ideally in a prospective trial of repeated courses of @entity2033 @entity1199 followed strategically by continuous @entity2904 .

title: Unsuccessful high dose XXXX therapy followed immediately by near continuous low dose @entity2903 can result in rapid durable complete and near-complete remissions in @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['alive and completely disease']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['polyarthralgias']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['IL-2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity311 is the presence of @entity4801 in the blood of newborns. The disease is acquired from mother either during pregnancy or perinatally at the time of birth. @entity311 in an endemic area can present without an obvious history of @entity221 and parasitaemia in both mother and her @entity1 . Acase of Plasmodium vivaxmalaria in a 6-week @entity1 is documented. @entity1 presented with pallor, @entity1087 and massive spleen. Laboratory tests revealed @entity417 , @entity882 and @entity3638 . Peripheral smear examination revealed parasitaemia. Points favoring transplacental transmission are first born @entity1 , the presence of relatively high parasite count, gametocytemia and massive spleen. Peripheral smear examination should be done in all hospitalized @entity1 . Prevention of @entity311 should be considered in all pregnant @entity1 .

title: XXXX : ARare Entity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Infant', 'patients', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['bilirubinemia']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['malarial parasites']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital malaria', 'malaria']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['Congenital Malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For carefully selected @entity1 with @entity2649 , decompression surgery is more efficacious than nonoperative treatment. However, some @entity1 undergo repeat surgery, often because of complications, the failure to achieve solid fusion following arthrodesis procedures, or persistent symptoms. We assessed the probability of repeat surgery following operations for the treatment of @entity2649 and examined its association with @entity1 age, comorbidity, previous surgery, and the type of surgical procedure. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of Medicare claims. The index operation was performed in 2004 (n = 31,543), with follow-up obtained through 2008. Operations were grouped by complexity as decompression alone, simple arthrodesis (one or two disc levels and a single surgical approach), or complex arthrodesis (more than two disc levels or combined anterior and posterior approach). Reoperation rates were calculated for each follow-up year, and the time to reoperation was analyzed with proportional hazards models. RESULTS: The probability of repeat surgery fell with increasing @entity1 age or comorbidity. Aside from age, the strongest predictor was previous lumbar surgery: at four years the reoperation rate was 17.2% among @entity1 who had had lumbar surgery prior to the index operation, compared with 10.6% among those with no prior surgery (p < 0.001). At one year, the reoperation rate for @entity1 who had been managed with decompression alone was slightly higher than that for @entity1 who had been managed with simple arthrodesis, but by four years the rates for these two groups were identical (10.7%) and were lower than the rate for @entity1 who had been managed with complex arthrodesis (13.5%) (p < 0.001). This difference persisted after adjusting for demographic and clinical features (hazard ratio for complex arthrodesis versus decompression 1.56, 95% confidence interval, 1.26 to 1.92). A device-related complication was reported at the time of 29.2% of reoperations following an initial arthrodesis procedure. CONCLUSIONS: The likelihood of repeat surgery for spinal @entity850 declined with increasing age and comorbidity, perhaps because of concern for greater risks. The strongest clinical predictor of repeat surgery was a lumbar spine operation prior to the index operation. Arthrodeses were not significantly associated with lower rates of repeat surgery after the first postoperative year, and @entity1 who had had complex arthrodeses had the highest rate of reoperations.

title: Revision surgery following operations for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar stenosis']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['lumbar stenosis']


abstract: We reviewed the clinical features of 12 @entity1 with @entity16 following lumbar epidural anesthesia or @entity1337 . Eleven @entity1 experienced @entity614 or @entity1971 and, of these, 10 received epidural anesthesia or @entity1337 and one received subarachnoid injection of medication after intended epidural anesthesia. One @entity1 suffered a moderately severe @entity602 in the setting of unintended spinal anesthesia. The two @entity1 with more severe @entity1971 had severe @entity2649 on MRI. The other @entity1 experienced mild to moderate @entity51 most often involving the @entity10560 root, and MRIs, when performed, were unremarkable. EMG on three @entity1 helped to localize the lesions to the lumbosacral roots and to quantify the extent of @entity393 . Ten @entity1 were ambulatory upon discharge from the hospital and had good neurologic outcome. One @entity1 with severe @entity1971 did not improve after 4 years and had severe motor @entity393 based upon electrodiagnostic studies. The @entity1 with a @entity602 was ambulatory 4 months after onset. Although generally a safe procedure with low frequency of complications, lumbar epidural anesthesia or @entity1337 occasionally causes @entity16 such as @entity614 or @entity602 . @entity16 may be more severe in the presence of @entity612 or after inadvertent subarachnoid injection of anesthetic or analgesic agent.

title: XXXX of lumbar epidural anesthesia and @entity1337 .

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurologic complications', 'neurologic complications', 'neurologic sequelae']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic myelopathy', 'myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['polyradiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['axonal loss']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral radiculopathy', 'radiculopathy']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Neurologic complications']


abstract: PURPOSE: Solid @entity43 are uncommon in childhood. Our aim is to evaluate the outcomes in a single institution over 35 years. METHODS: We reviewed their clinical presentation, management, pathology and outcomes from 1972 to 2007. RESULTS: Fifty-three @entity1 , with a median age of 9.2 years (range 0.9-14.2), were registered. Common symptoms at presentation were @entity490 (75.8%) and abdominal mass (57.4%). Histopathological diagnoses were: 26 mature @entity44 , 10 immature @entity44 , 8 @entity5000 , 5 granulosa cell @entity5 , 2 yolk sac @entity5 , 1 @entity5712 and 1 @entity189 . Staging (FIGO) for @entity5 was: 17 stage I, 1 stage II, 8 stage III and 1 stage IV. Unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed in 47 cases. Sixteen @entity1 underwent chemotherapy after surgery (15 with @entity902 -based regimen) and postoperative radiotherapy was given in 5 cases. Recurrence was observed in 2 @entity1 and one died (stage III immature @entity44 ) after a second relapse despite multiple chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy. Five-year OS and 5-year EFS were 97% and 94% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity43 must be included in the differential diagnosis of @entity490 in childhood. Our results confirm their excellent prognosis using conservative surgery and @entity902 -based chemotherapy. The key point is to maintain excellent outcome while reducing associated morbidity and preserving fertility.

title: Solid XXXX in childhood: a 35-year review in a single institution.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['rare, ovarian tumours', 'ovarian tumours']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'malignant/borderline tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity5712 :: ('MESH:D018238', 'Disease') :: ['gonadoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity5000 :: ('MESH:D004407', 'Disease') :: ['dysgerminoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian tumours']


abstract: Cochinchina momordica seed is the dried ripe seed of Momordica cochinchinensis, a perennial vine. The antiulcer effect of an extract from cochinchina momordica seeds (SK-MS10) was evaluated in a @entity35 model of @entity1543 -induced @entity2275 . @entity2275 were produced by subserosal injection of @entity1543 . SK-MS10 (200 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered orally once per day for 14 days after the @entity1543 injection. The stomach was removed and the @entity1066 size measured at day 7 and 14 of the treatment. Expression of @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) was assessed by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. In addition, the microvasculature density (MVD) adjacent to the @entity1066 margin was examined by immunohistochemistry. The treatment with SK-MS10 for 7 and 14 days significantly accelerated @entity1066 and increased the expression of mRNA (at day 7) as well as @entity6667 protein (at day 14) compared to the vehicle-treated @entity35 . The MVD for factor VIII was also higher in the SK-MS10 treatment group compared to the vehicle-treated @entity35 ; however, these differences were not statistically significant. These results suggest that SK-MS10 treatment accelerates the healing of @entity2275 via upregulation of @entity6667 and angiogenesis in an @entity1543 @entity35 model.

title: Enhancement of gastric XXXX and angiogenesis by cochinchina Momordica seed extract in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers', 'Gastric ulcers']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer healing']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine the relationship between hospital volume and the clinical outcomes of @entity253 for acute @entity255 , using the Japanese administrative database associated with the diagnosis procedure combination (DPC) system. METHODS: A total of 8698 @entity1 with @entity253 were referred to 654 hospitals. We corrected @entity1 ' data from the database to compare risk-adjusted length of stay (LOS) and @entity532 in relation to the hospital volume. Hospital volume was categorized into three groups based on number of cases during the study period: @entity258 ( @entity258 ; <16 cases), @entity580 ( @entity580 ; 16-32 cases), and @entity580 ( @entity580 ; >32 cases). RESULTS: Significant variation in mean LOS was observed between hospital volume categories (26.8      22.6  days in @entity258 vs. 23.3      21.5  days in @entity580 vs. 19.7      17.2  days in @entity580 , P  <  0.001). There was a significant difference with regard to complications of @entity253 (5.6% in @entity258 vs. 4.3% in @entity580 vs. 3.2% in @entity580 , P  <  0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that hospital volume was most significantly associated with a decrease in risk-adjusted LOS. The standardized coefficient of @entity580 was -0.155, whereas that of @entity580 was -0.802. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that hospital volume decreased the relative risk of @entity532 . The odds ratio (OR) of @entity580 was 0.764 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.604-0.965], whereas the OR of @entity580 was 0.561 (95% CI, 0.434-0.725). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant association between hospital volume and the clinical outcomes of @entity253 for acute @entity255 .

title: Impact of hospital volume on clinical outcomes of XXXX for acute @entity255 based on the Japanese administrative database associated with the diagnosis procedure combination system.

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['drainage-related complications']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['medium-volume hospitals', 'HVHs', 'high-volume hospitals', 'MVHs']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic biliary drainage']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['LVHs', 'low-volume hospitals']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['endoscopic biliary drainage']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to determine the variations in the balance between total (free plus combined) circulating alpha and beta subunits of @entity1 @entity1465 throughout @entity1 pregnancy. The equivalence between the International Units (IU) of @entity1465 (IRP 75/537) and those assigned to the alpha (IRP 75/569) and beta (IRP 75/551) free subunits was experimentally determined by using intact and thermally dissociated @entity1465 . Heat exposure (2 min at 100 degrees C) of @entity1465 preparations resulted in a complete dissociation of @entity1465 into free, soluble and intact alpha and beta subunits. The @entity1465 and alpha and beta subunit contents of unaltered and heated @entity1465 preparations were assessed by specific immunoradiometric assays. The amount of immunoreactive subunits dissociated by heat from @entity1465 could then be evaluated on a molar basis. Circulating @entity1465 and its free alpha and beta subunits were immunoassayed in 836 blood samples collected from healthy pregnant @entity1 at different gestational ages. After conversion of @entity1465 and its subunits into a common IU system, the gestational profiles of the total amounts (free plus combined) of alpha- and beta @entity1465 subunits increased together and peaked at 9-10 weeks of gestation. Thereafter, total alpha and beta subunits decreased and subsequently remained stable until term. The decline in total alpha @entity1465 subunit was less marked than that of total beta @entity1465 subunit. The alpha- to beta @entity1465 ratio was equimolar until 10 weeks of gestation when it increased almost fourfold until term (P < 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Total amounts of circulating @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin alpha and beta subunits can be assessed throughout XXXX pregnancy using immunoradiometric assays calibrated with the unaltered and thermally dissociated heterodimer.

entities_list: @entity1465 :: ('93659', 'Gene') :: ['chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)', 'hCG']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: During development of @entity4328 , cells acquire the capacity to rapidly recapitulate morphogenesis. Therefore, when cells at the loose aggregate stage are disaggregated and challenged to reaggregate, they do so in a tenth of the original time. If loose aggregate cells are disaggregated and resuspended in buffered @entity413 solution (erasure medium), they retain the capacity of rapid recapitulation for 80 min, then completely lose this capacity in a single, synchronous step referred to as the "erasure event." The erasure event sets in motion a program of dedifferentiation during which cells lose developmentally acquired characteristics at different times. The erasure event is inhibited by the addition of 10(-4) M @entity268 to erasure medium. The synthesis of 33 growth-associated polypeptides, the synthesis of 53 development-associated polypeptides, and the level of 2 development-associated RNAs have been monitored during the erasure program and in cultures inhibited from erasing by the addition of 10(-4) M @entity268 . Growth-associated polypeptides begin to be resynthesized and development-associated polypeptides exhibit dramatic decreases in rate of synthesis at different times throughout the first 240 min in erasure medium. Inhibiting the erasure event with @entity268 has no major effect in the resynthesis of the majority of growth-associated polypeptides. Only one growth-associated polypeptide, V28, is completely inhibited by @entity268 , suggesting that it may play a role in the erasure process. In contrast, inhibiting the erasure event with @entity268 has a marked effect on the synthesis of development-associated polypeptides, causing a dramatic reduction in the rate at which synthesis decreases for 6 polypeptides, and completely inhibits the decrease in the synthetic rate of 8 polypeptides. The two development-associated RNAs, 16G1 and 10C3, exhibit two distinctly different patterns of loss during erasure, but in both cases @entity268 added at time zero of the erasure process @entity1032 or inhibits loss. In addition, when @entity268 is added just prior to the erasure event, it inhibits the erasure event and stimulates a rapid increase in the level of 16G1 RNA back to the developmental level. The level of 16G1 RNA then remains at this level for at least 400 min. When @entity268 is added after the erasure event, it causes a low, transient increase in the level of 16G1 RNA. These results are considered both in relation to the program of erasure, and in relation to the role of @entity268 in the expression of developmental genes during the forward program of development.

title: Gene regulation during dedifferentiation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4328 :: ('44689', 'Species') :: ['Dictyostelium discoideum']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['dramatically retards']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

answer: @entity4328 :: (44689,Species) :: ['Dictyostelium discoideum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Even with a functioning gastrointestinal tract, it is not always easy to initiate oral feeding in some neurosurgical @entity1 because of their persistently @entity308 neurologic status or severe lower @entity129 . Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity970 ) may be required for long-term feeding in these @entity1 . The purpose of the present study is to report our experience with @entity970 chosen for establishing an enteral route in @entity1 of neurosurgical @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ). METHODS: The outcome and complications of @entity970 in @entity1213 @entity1 of Marmara University Institute of Neurological Science between January 2001 and November 2006 were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 , with the median age of 51 years (range, 14-78 years) underwent @entity970 placement. @entity970 was placed before the craniotomy in 2 @entity1 and after in 29. Indications for @entity970 were absent gag reflex in 10 @entity1 and low Glasgow @entity772 Scale score in 21. Before the @entity970 tube insertion, 18 @entity1 had enteral nutrition by a nasogastric tube and 10 had @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ), with a median duration of 14.5 (range, 4-60) and 12 (range, 7-25) days, respectively. Two @entity1 accidentally pulled out the gastrostomy tubes 10 and 11 days after insertion. @entity751 developed in 1 @entity1 . Two @entity1 died 8 and 34 days after the procedure in the @entity1213 . Twenty-nine @entity1 were discharged from the hospital while being fed via the @entity970 tubes. In 11 @entity1 who were able to resume oral feeding, the tube was removed, with a median interval of 62 (range, 25-150) days. Procedure-related mortality, 30-day mortality, and overall mortality of the @entity1 were 0%, 6.4%, and 45%, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity970 is a safe and well-tolerated gastrostomy method for @entity1213 @entity1 with @entity308 neurologic state or severe lower @entity129 .

title: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in the neurosurgical XXXX : complications and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'neurosurgical ICU', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['parenteral nutrition', 'PN']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['Buried bumper syndrome']

answer: @entity1213 :: (MESH:D012555,Disease) :: ['intensive care unit']


abstract: @entity3580 and @entity511 of the skull base are rare. Since total resection of these @entity5 is difficult, adjuvant radiotherapy is necessary. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for skull base @entity3580 and @entity511 and to determine the optimal marginal dose for these @entity5 . Fourteen @entity1 with histologically proven @entity3580 or @entity511 underwent 16 sessions of SRS using gamma knife. The marginal doses ranged from 10 to 20 Gy (mean, 15 Gy). Lower marginal doses of 12 Gy on average (range, 10-12.5 Gy) were applied to four @entity1 since they underwent prior fractionated radiotherapy, and partial treatment for which parts of @entity5 were excluded from planned target volume because of their proximity to critical structures was also applied to four @entity1 . The whole @entity5 were covered with higher marginal doses of 18 Gy on average (range, 16-20 Gy) for six @entity1 . The mean follow-up period was 65 months. Progression-free survival (PFS) rates at 3 and 5 years after SRS was 53 and 43%, respectively. Five-year PFS rates for @entity1 who underwent SRS with higher and lower marginal doses were 80 and 14%, respectively, which were significantly different (P = 0.005). @entity5 progression after partial irradiation mainly occurred from sites where delivered doses were reduced. Sufficient marginal doses at least 16 Gy appeared crucial. Proper combination with surgical resection to @entity5 from critical structures and to reduce @entity5 volume is necessary to completely deliver sufficient marginal doses for SRS.

title: Treatment with high marginal dose is mandatory to achieve long-term control of skull base @entity3580 and XXXX by means of stereotactic radiosurgery.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'detach tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['Chordomas', 'chordomas']

answer: @entity511 :: (MESH:D002813,Disease) :: ['chondrosarcomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Soluble @entity1611 receptor-1 (sVEGFR1) antagonizes angiogenesis by inhibiting the biological function of @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ). Immature dendritic cells (imDCs) express high levels of sVEGFR1 during development and are antiangiogenic. This study aimed to investigate the changes in @entity9842 , sVEGFR1, and @entity1611 levels during the development of imDCs and explore the underlying signaling mechanisms. METHODS: To model the differentiation of imDCs from monocytes, RAW264.7 cells, a @entity19 monocyte/macrophage cell line, were stimulated by @entity58 ( @entity58 ; 10  ng/mL, 20  ng/mL, and 40  ng/mL) and/or by @entity2304 ( @entity2304 ; 10  ng/mL, 20  ng/mL, and 50  ng/mL) and/or pretreated by the @entity1995 inhibitor @entity1441 . The levels of @entity9842 , sVEGFR1, and @entity1611 were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: @entity58 increased the @entity9842 mRNA and sVEGFR1 levels in RAW264.7 (p  <  0.05). This increase was inhibited by @entity1441 . @entity2304 increased the sVEGFR1 levels, but it had no significant effect on @entity9842 mRNA levels. @entity1441 decreased the expression of @entity9842 mRNA induced by @entity2304 , whereas sVEGFR1 was unaffected. @entity58 had a greater effect on sVEGFR1 levels, compared to @entity2304 . CONCLUSION: @entity58 and @entity2304 increased sVEGFR1 levels, but did not significantly effect @entity1611 expression, and led to the antiangiogenesis properties of monocytes. @entity1995 Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling has an important role in the process.

title: XXXX mediates the upregulation of soluble @entity1611 receptor-1 in RAW264.7 cells-a process in which @entity1995 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling has an important role.

entities_list: @entity2304 :: ('12981(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF', 'granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity58 :: (16189(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Interleukin-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: METHODS: Nine @entity1 with @entity2395 major (8 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 ; age 3 to 8 years) who had signs of @entity6118 and required more than one blood transfusion per month (1 to 2 weeks) underwent partial dearterialization of the spleen (PDAS) from April through December 1992. All were on a low transfusion regimen (Hb < 10 g%). Hematologic profile, IgM and @entity4558 ( @entity4558 ) by sonography were determined preoperatively and postoperatively during follow-up periods. Isotopic scan was also performed a few months and 2 to 4 years after operation. The @entity1 did not receive pneumovax or long-term prophylactic antibiotics. The procedure consists of division of the splenic arterial branches, except the one that supplies the superior pole, along with preservation of all the veins. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 with @entity4558 less than 11 cm (6.9 to 10.8 cm; four with less than 9.5 cm) had uneventful recovery. Two others with @entity4558 greater than 13 cm (13.2 to 13.5 cm) required total splenectomy a few days after PDAS because of @entity1283 associated with high fever. One @entity1 was lost to follow-up after 18 months. The remaining six @entity1 underwent follow-up for 4 to 4.5 years. The hematologic profile (Hb, RBC, platelet counts) showed significant improvement during follow-up period. The blood transfusion requirement in all @entity1 was once every 25 to 32 days except one in which transfusion was increased to every 2 to 3 weeks during the fourth postoperative year. The ultimate magnitude of the hematologic response compared with 15 matched splenectomized @entity1 studied retrospectively in a 4-year period was almost the same in the majority after the first postsplenectomy year. There was no significant change in @entity4558 by sonography in four @entity1 compared with preoperative state, but a 30% decrease was seen in the other two during the follow-up period. Isotope scan showed a functional residual spleen in all six, with no remarkable difference in size 4 years after operation, except in the one who relapsed. The IgM level did not fall significantly after operation, nor did signs of @entity281 develop in any @entity1 . CONCLUSION: PDAS is a safe and effective mode of therapy in @entity2395 major, provided the disease is not advanced and @entity4558 does not exceed 11 cm in its greatest diameter.

title: Partial dearterialization of the spleen in XXXX major.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'patient', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['splenic enlargement']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'splenic dimensions']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6118 :: ('MESH:D006971', 'Disease') :: ['hypersplenism']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemia']

answer: @entity2395 :: (MESH:D013789,Disease) :: ['thalassemia']


abstract: Preleukemic syndromes compose a group of acquired @entity236 characterized by dysplastic maturation of hematopoietic cells and peripheral @entity1503 . These syndromes have been generally considered untreatable. We administered low doses of @entity2592 by continuous infusion for 14 to 21 days (20 mg/m2/d) to 16 @entity1 with @entity4462 in various stages of evolution to @entity3052 . Steady state plasma @entity2592 levels ranged from 41.8 to 64.2 nmol/L. Eleven @entity1 demonstrated marked improvement in @entity1210 and loss of transfusion requirements for periods ranging from two to 27 + months. All but one responding @entity1 developed recurrent @entity3043 , but additional responses to low-dose @entity2592 were achieved in five of five retreated @entity1 . Median overall survival time is 12 months for the 11 responding cases, and nine months for nonresponders. The major @entity137 of low-dose @entity2592 is myelosuppression, and most @entity1 required platelet transfusion support and administration of antibiotics. Chromosome analyses demonstrated evolution to a new clone of hematopoietic cells in three @entity1 , and persistence of the same abnormal clone in another @entity1 . These results suggest that low-dose @entity2592 therapy may result in improved @entity1210 by promoting maturation or by selecting new stem cell clones. Low-dose @entity2592 therapy thus deserves further evaluation both as a single agent and in combination with other agents in the treatment of @entity2590 .

title: Treatment of preleukemic syndromes with continuous intravenous infusion of low-dose XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4462 :: ('MESH:D011289', 'Disease') :: ['preleukemia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood cytopenias']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow disorders']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoiesis']

answer: @entity2592 :: (MESH:D003561,Chemical) :: ['cytosine arabinoside']


abstract: Effects of deer exclusion on abundance of immature @entity3966 Say parasitizing small and medium-sized mammals, and the role mammals have in introducing ticks to exclosure areas, were examined at two sites in Westchester County, New York. In total, 686 @entity1 captures representing nine species were obtained, with white-footed @entity19 , Peromyscus leucopus Rafinesque, composing > 80% of all captures, followed by @entity3967 , @entity3967 (L.); opossums, @entity3968 (Kerr); and striped skunks, Mephitis mephitis Schreber. At the Near Archives site, 14% of 81 individual @entity19 , 46% of @entity3967 , and 33% of opossums captured were found to cross the exclosure fence, as did 12% of 50 @entity19 and 38% of @entity3967 at the Hudson Pines site. Skunks apparently did not cross the fence at either site. @entity19 captured exclusively outside the Near Archives exclosure hosted significantly more larvae than @entity19 captured inside only, with fence crossers hosting an intermediate number of larvae. At Hudson Pines, numbers of larvae on fence-crossing @entity19 and those captured solely inside the exclosure were equivalent, with tick loads on @entity19 captured outside the exclosure significantly greater. The number of larvae per @entity3967 did not differ significantly with capture location (inside, outside, or both sides of exclosure fence) at either site. Densities of host-seeking larvae and nymphs were significantly higher outside the exclosure than inside at Near Archives, though not at Hudson Pines. Differences in tick density inside and outside exclosures declined with each successive developmental stage so that adult density inside exclosures tended to converge with that outside at both sites. Although deer exclosures can have a significant impact on nymphal @entity3966 abundance, they may not reduce the risk of encountering infected adults. @entity19 , @entity3967 , and opossums have a role in introducing potentially infective ticks to areas where deer have been excluded, though the level of immigration of ticks into the area will likely depend on the density of ticks outside the exclosure.

title: Effect of deer exclusion on the abundance of immature XXXX (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitizing small and medium-sized mammals.

entities_list: @entity3967 :: ('9654', 'Species') :: ['Procyon lotor', 'raccoon', 'raccoons']

entities_list: @entity3968 :: ('9267', 'Species') :: ['Didelphis virginiana']

entities_list: @entity3966 :: ('6945', 'Species') :: ['I. scapularis', 'Ixodes scapularis']

answer: @entity3966 :: (6945,Species) :: ['Ixodes scapularis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Advanced age, deep myoinvasion, whole cavity or lower uterine segment @entity5 , poor differentiation, and lymphovascular space invasion are known to increase recurrence risk and adversely affect survival in stage I endometrioid @entity420 . OBJECTIVES: To ascertain survival rates, failure patterns, and salvageability and to correlate adverse histopathologic effects to recurrences in these @entity1 . METHODS: Data of 162 @entity1 with surgical stage I endometrioid @entity420 with an increased risk of recurrence were reviewed from the year 1997 to 2008 at KK Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Singapore. Each @entity1 underwent surgical staging and histopathologic evaluation and received high-dose rate vaginal vault brachytherapy. The data of all @entity1 were discussed in a multidisciplinary meeting. RESULTS: The mean @entity1 age was 58.9 years. Most @entity1 (54.3%) had surgical stage IC @entity4348 , whereas the rest had stage IB. Grade 2 @entity5 were seen in 53.7% of the @entity1 and grade 3 in 21.61%. The mean follow-up duration was 52.9 months, with a maximum of 11.5 years. Five- and 10-year survival rates were 94% and 89%, respectively. There were 9 recurrences (5.56%). Stage IC had 77.78% recurrences, whereas stage IB had 22.22%, the median time being 19 months. The initial 3 years had 77.78% relapses. There was no recurrence in grade 3 @entity5 , with a 100% 5-year survival rate for stage IC grade 3. Age, lymphovascular space invasion, and @entity5 volume and location were not significant parameters in surgical stage I @entity4348 @entity1 who failed. One @entity1 had isolated pelvic failure, whereas 5 had a pure distant relapse. Three @entity1 failed at both locoregional and distant sites. Vault recurrence coupled with distant @entity3 occurred in 1 @entity1 . Three @entity1 (33.33%) with recurrences, all with limited relapse sites, were salvaged, with a mean survival of 71.33 months. The median survival for recurrent @entity1204 was 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: This treatment has excellent survival rates with acceptable morbidity, and recurrence is mostly distant.

title: Survival and disease relapse in surgical stage I endometrioid XXXX after adjuvant vaginal vault brachytherapy.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the uterus']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the uterus']


abstract: AIMS: @entity1 with @entity3580 and @entity511 in the skull base present a complex multidisciplinary problem. These @entity5 are rare and occur in difficult anatomical regions. We reviewed the local control and survival of @entity1 treated in our centre. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1996 and 2005, 12 adult cases of @entity3580 (nine) and @entity511 (three) in the skull base or cervical spine were treated in our centre. The median follow-up is currently 38 months. One @entity1 was treated with palliative intent. In 10 cases the prescription dose was 65 Gy in 39 fractions. The target volumes were measured, and the target maximum and minimum doses and the equivalent uniform dose (EUD) for the phase I plans were recorded. RESULTS: Local control was achieved in 11 of 12 cases. One @entity3580 @entity1 failed locally, and one other died of metastatic disease despite local control. The 3- and 5-year cause-specific survival for the series was 88 and 75%, respectively. The mean phase I planning target volume ( @entity343 ) was 120.4 cm(3). The median minimum dose in the phase I @entity343 was 81.0%. The median EUD (expressed as a percentage of the prescribed dose) for the phase I @entity343 , calculated using a value for the exponent a of -15, was 98.3%. The phase I EUD was below 80% in two of the 12 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm a need for aggressive local surgery and high-dose radiotherapy, and endorse multidisciplinary working. Although charged particle therapy is accepted as providing optimal treatment plans, in eight of our @entity1 travel abroad would not have been feasible. This series provides encouraging results for carefully planned photon conformal radiotherapy, carried out in close collaboration with a specialist surgical team.

title: High-dose radiotherapy in the management of XXXX and @entity511 of the skull base and cervical spine: Part 1--Clinical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

answer: @entity3580 :: (MESH:D002817,Disease) :: ['chordoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess discrepancies between perception of Belgian rheumatologists on eligibility of @entity309 patients for anti- @entity310 treatment and Belgian reimbursement criteria and to compare Belgian with Dutch criteria and UK guidelines. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1500 -experienced @entity1 with active @entity309 were recruited from 25 private and academic rheumatology practices. Discrepancies between eligibility for anti- @entity310 treatment according to the rheumatologist and fulfillment of Belgian reimbursement criteria [HAQ > or =25%, tender joint count (TJC) and swollen joint count (SJC) > or =8; > or =1 erosion; failure of > or =2 DMARDs including @entity1500 ; no @entity378 ] were recorded. Reasons for failing the Belgian criteria and results of applying Dutch reimbursement criteria and UK guidelines on the dataset were analysed. RESULTS: Of 492 @entity1 , rheumatologists considered 135 (27.4%) as eligible, whereas Belgian criteria were fulfilled for only 34 (6.9%). Positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of rheumatologists' perception on eligibility for fulfillment of Belgian criteria was 22.9%, whereas negative predictive value (NPV) was 99.1%. The 104 @entity1 (21.1%) considered eligible despite criteria not being fulfilled had significantly greater TJCs, SJCs, disease activity score (DAS28) and @entity309 Activity Index scores than the 385 @entity1 (78.2%) in the no-discrepancy group. Number of swollen joints, HAQ and erosions mainly accounted for discrepancies. Of 492 @entity1 , 263 (53.4%) qualified for Dutch criteria and 41 (8.3%) for UK guidelines. @entity2286 of Belgian rheumatologists' perception was 72.6% for fulfilling Dutch criteria (NPV 49.6%) and 23.4% for UK guidelines (NPV 96.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Rheumatologists consider more @entity309 @entity1 eligible for anti- @entity310 treatment than would be reimbursed according to Belgian criteria. Dutch guidelines, based on DAS28, match more closely eligibility according to Belgian rheumatologists.

title: Belgian rheumatologists' perception on eligibility of @entity309 patients for anti- XXXX treatment matches more closely Dutch rather than Belgian reimbursement criteria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease', 'RA']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNF']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether dual-energy multidetector CT enables detection of @entity8 enhancement by using calculated nonenhanced images with spectral-based extraction in a non-body weight-restricted @entity1 population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2008 and December 2009, 139 @entity1 were enrolled in this prospective HIPAA-compliant, institutional review board-approved study. Written informed consent was obtained from all @entity1 . After single-energy nonenhanced 120-kVp CT images were acquired, contrast material-enhanced dual-energy multidetector CT images were acquired at 80 and 140 kVp. Calculated nonenhanced images were generated by using spectral-based @entity1496 extraction. Lesion attenuation was measured on the acquired nonenhanced, calculated nonenhanced, and 140-kVp contrast-enhanced nephrographic images. Enhancement, defined as a 15-HU or greater increase in attenuation on the nephrographic images, was assessed by using the baseline attenuation on the acquired and calculated nonenhanced images. Acquired nonenhanced versus calculated nonenhanced image attenuation, as well as enhancement values, were compared by using paired Student t tests and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS: Hypoattenuating (n = 66) and hyperattenuating (n = 28) cysts, @entity359 (n = 18), and solid enhancing lesions (n = 27) were detected. Mean attenuation values for hypoattenuating cysts on the acquired and calculated nonenhanced CT images were 6.5 HU    5.8 (standard deviation) and 8.1 HU    3.1 (P = .13), respectively, with corresponding enhancement values of 1.1 HU    5.2 and -0.5 HU    6.2 (P = .12), respectively. Mean values for hyperattenuating cysts were 29.4 HU    5.6 on acquired images and 31.7 HU    5.1 on calculated images (P = .39) (corresponding enhancement, 4.7 HU    3.3 and 2.3 HU    4.1, respectively; P = .09). Mean values for fat-containing enhancing lesions were -90.6 HU    24.7 on acquired images and -85.9 HU    23.7 on calculated images (P = .57) (corresponding enhancement, 18.2 HU    10.1 and 13.6 HU    10.7, respectively; P = .19). Mean attenuation values for solid enhancing lesions were 26.0 HU    15.0 on acquired images and 27.7 HU    14.9 on calculated images (P = .45) (corresponding enhancement, 60.3 HU    13.1 and 58.3 HU    15.5, respectively; P = .38). CONCLUSION: Dual-energy CT acquisitions with spectral-based postprocessing enabled accurate detection of @entity8 enhancement across the attenuation spectrum of frequently encountered @entity8 in a non-body habitus-restricted @entity1 population.

title: Detection of XXXX enhancement with dual-energy multidetector CT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal lesion', 'renal lesions']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyolipomas']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal lesion']


abstract: More than 5,000 primary-care physicians enrolled more than 22,000 @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity101 in a postmarketing study in which @entity1774 , a centrally acting antihypertensive agent, was given for 28 days. The objectives of the evaluation were: (1) to obtain broad experience with @entity1774 for the management of essential @entity101 in a clinical practice setting; (2) to obtain information on @entity1 acceptance of @entity1774 , 1 mg HS, for the control of essential @entity101 ; and (3) to obtain more information on the drug's safety in clinical practice. @entity1 had to be at least 21 years of age, to be receiving a @entity2740 -type diuretic, and to have a sitting diastolic blood pressure of 95 to 114 mmHg. @entity1 who were pregnant or lactating or planning to become pregnant during the evaluation were excluded. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured before @entity1774 was started and at the completion of the study. Adverse on-therapy events were reported at the return visit. The average blood pressure in the general @entity1 population decreased by 17/12 mmHg, that is, from 164/100 to 147/88 mmHg in four weeks. The magnitude of the reduction was not significantly influenced by age, race, sex, duration of @entity101 , or the use of concomitant antihypertensive therapy. Adding @entity1774 to another antihypertensive regimen resulted in mean reductions of 11 to 15 mmHg diastolic pressure, and the substitution of @entity1774 for another antihypertensive agent resulted in mean reductions of 10 to 11 mmHg diastolic pressure. The most common side effect reported was @entity2133 in 6% of @entity1 , followed by @entity1296 , @entity2147 , fatigue, @entity10 , and @entity390 , each reported in fewer than 3% of @entity1 . More than 80% of the @entity1 continued to receive @entity1774 after the study. Of the total @entity1 population, 7% discontinued @entity1774 because of lack of efficacy, 10% because of side effects, and 3% for other reasons. The results of this large postmarketing study confirmed the results of controlled clinical trials conducted prior to marketing.

title: A postmarketing evaluation of @entity1774 in mild to moderate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2740 :: ('CHEBI:50264', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazide']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity1774 :: ('MESH:D016316', 'Chemical') :: ['guanfacine hydrochloride', 'guanfacine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: Carotid duplex imaging has become the standard diagnostic evaluation for @entity1 with suspected @entity66 . Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography expands the noninvasive diagnostic capabilities to the intracranial circulation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of routine transcranial Doppler studies on @entity1 referred for noninvasive cerebrovascular evaluation. METHODS: A total of 670 @entity1 had routine transcranial Doppler examinations as part of their noninvasive cerebrovascular evaluation. @entity1 were categorized clinically and according to their severity of @entity543 (< 50%, 50% to 79%, 80% to 99%, occlusion). Transcranial Doppler examinations were classified as normal or abnormal ( @entity932 , collateral pathway, > 30% velocity difference normal or abnormal ( @entity932 , collateral pathway, > 30% velocity difference between sides, flow reversal, and velocities +/- SD from normal). RESULTS: Forty-eight percent of the @entity1 were @entity1 , and 52% were @entity1 . The average age was 65.5 years. Fifty-four percent of the @entity1 were white, 42% were black, 3% were Hispanic, and 1% were other. Forty-eight percent presented with hemispheric symptoms, 34% had no symptoms, and 18% had nonhemispheric symptoms. Forty-five percent (304 of 670) had an interpretable transcranial Doppler examination. The ability to insonate the basal cerebral arteries through the temporal bone was significantly reduced in @entity1 (p < 0.0001), black @entity1 (p < 0.0001), and older @entity1 (p < 0.0001). The results of forty-four percent of interpretable examinations were normal, 19% demonstrated side-to-side velocity differences, 13% showed collateral pathways, 11% showed velocities +/- 2 SD, 10% showed an @entity932 , and 4% showed reversed flow pattern. Although 56% of the @entity1 had notable findings, no @entity1 had their diagnostic or therapeutic plan altered by the transcranial Doppler results. CONCLUSION: Less than 50% of the @entity1 referred for first-time cerebrovascular examination had access for an interpretable transcranial Doppler examination. Though the number of positive findings is reasonably high, no material impact on diagnostic or treatment plans was seen in the @entity1 in this series. These results indicate that selection criteria for examination of the intracranial arteries should be refined and that transcranial Doppler scanning should not be incorporated as part of the "routine" noninvasive cerebrovascular examination.

title: Is transcranial Doppler a worthwhile addition to screening tests for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['extracranial internal carotid artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial stenosis']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['cerebrovascular disease']


abstract: We performed a quantitative review of associations between the higher order personality traits in the Big Three and Big Five models (i.e., @entity663 , extraversion, @entity4943 , conscientiousness, agreeableness, and @entity1538 ) and specific @entity308 , @entity148 , and @entity734 ( @entity734 ) in adults. This approach resulted in 66 meta-analyses. The review included 175 studies published from 1980 to 2007, which yielded 851 effect sizes. For a given analysis, the number of studies ranged from three to 63 (total sample size ranged from 1,076 to 75,229). All diagnostic groups were high on @entity663 (mean Cohen's d = 1.65) and low on conscientiousness (mean d = -1.01). @entity74 also showed low extraversion, with the largest effect sizes for @entity14256 (d = -1.47) and @entity913 (d = -1.31). Disinhibition was linked to only a few conditions, including @entity734 (d = 0.72). Finally, agreeableness and @entity1538 were largely unrelated to the analyzed diagnoses. Two conditions showed particularly distinct profiles: @entity734 , which was less related to @entity663 but more @entity428 , and @entity6542 , which displayed @entity1112 . Moderator analyses indicated that epidemiologic samples produced smaller effects than @entity1 samples and that Eysenck's inventories showed weaker associations than NEO scales. In sum, we found that common @entity146 are strongly linked to personality and have similar trait profiles. @entity663 was the strongest correlate across the board, but several other traits showed substantial effects independent of @entity663 . Greater attention to these constructs can significantly benefit psychopathology research and clinical practice.

title: Linking "big" personality traits to XXXX , @entity308 , and @entity734 : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity6542 :: ('MESH:C562465', 'Disease') :: ['specific phobia']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity14256 :: ('MESH:D019263', 'Disease') :: ['dysthymic disorder']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['elevated on disinhibition and disagreeableness']

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['social phobia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['weaker links to all traits']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Many disorders']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['neuroticism', 'Neuroticism']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['disinhibition']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance use disorders', 'SUD']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: Calmodulin (CaM), a ubiquitous multifunctional @entity460 sensor in all eukaryotes, mediates @entity460 action by regulating the activity/function of many unrelated proteins. Although @entity460 and CaM are known to play a crucial role in pollen germination and pollen tube growth, the proteins that mediate their action have not been identified. We isolated three closely related CaM-binding proteins ( @entity21549 , @entity21550 , and @entity21551 ) from @entity958 . @entity21549 ( @entity21549 ) is expressed only in pollen, whereas the NPG-related proteins ( @entity21550 and @entity21551 ) are expressed in pollen and other tissues. The bacterially expressed @entity21549 bound three isoforms of @entity958 CaM in a @entity460 -dependent manner. To analyze the function of @entity21549 , we performed a reverse genetics screen and isolated a mutant in which @entity21549 is disrupted by a T-DNA insertion. Segregation and molecular analyses of the @entity21549 knockout mutant and a cross with a male sterile mutant indicate that the mutated @entity21549 is not transmitted through the male gametophyte. Expression of @entity21549 in the knockout mutant complemented the mutant phenotype. Analysis of pollen development in the knockout mutant by light microscopy showed normal pollen development. Pollen from @entity21549 mutant in the quartet background has confirmed that @entity21549 is dispensable for pollen development. However, germination studies with pollen from the mutant in the quartet background indicate that pollen carrying a mutant allele does not germinate. Our genetic, histological, and pollen germination studies with the knockout mutant line indicate that @entity21549 is not necessary for microsporogenesis and gametogenesis but is essential for pollen germination.

title: A calmodulin-binding protein from XXXX has an essential role in pollen germination.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-throughput microarray experiments now permit researchers to screen thousands of genes simultaneously and determine the different expression levels of genes in normal or cancerous tissues. In this paper, we address the challenge of selecting a relevant and manageable subset of genes from a large microarray dataset. Currently, most gene selection methods focus on identifying a set of genes that can further improve classification accuracy. Few or none of these small sets of genes, however, are biologically relevant (i.e. supported by medical evidence). To deal with this critical issue, we propose two novel methods that can identify biologically relevant genes concerning @entity5 . RESULTS: In this paper, we propose two novel techniques, entitled random forest gene selection (RFGS) and support vector sampling technique (SVST). Compared with results from six other methods developed in this paper, we demonstrate experimentally that RFGS and SVST can identify more biologically relevant genes in @entity1 with @entity1778 or @entity263 . Among the top 25 genes selected using SVST method, 15 genes were biologically relevant genes in @entity1 with @entity1778 and 13 genes were biologically relevant genes in @entity1 with @entity263 . Meanwhile, the RFGS method, while less effective than SVST, still identified an average of 9 biologically relevant genes in both @entity1778 and @entity263 . In contrast to traditional statistical methods, which only identify less than 8 genes in @entity1 with @entity1778 and less than 8 genes in @entity1 with @entity263 , our methods yield significantly better results. CONCLUSIONS: Our proposed SVST and RFGS methods are novel approaches that can identify a greater number of biologically relevant genes. These methods have been successfully applied to both @entity1778 and @entity263 . Research in the fields of biology and medicine should benefit from the identification of biologically relevant genes by confirming recent discoveries in @entity5 research or suggesting new avenues for exploration.

title: Novel methods to identify biologically relevant genes for XXXX and @entity263 from gene expression profiles.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancers', 'prostate cancer']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between magnetic resonance (MR) plaque imaging and the pathology of distal @entity887 is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between the pathology of @entity887 in the embolic filter during carotid artery stenting (CAS), MR plaque imaging, and new @entity2806 on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). METHOD: We prospectively reviewed the 36 @entity1 who underwent CAS using a filter-type embolic protection device. @entity5922 was categorized into @entity715 , inflammatory cells, elastic fiber, and @entity730 . We compared the clinical parameters, MR plaque imaging, and pathological characteristics of the @entity887 retained in the filter during CAS on univariate analysis. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 had and 25 @entity1 did not have new lesion on DWI. All of DWI-high lesions were identified in affected side middle cerebral artery territory. @entity887 was microscopically confirmed in 28 @entity1 (78%); @entity715 in 11 (31%), inflammatory cells in 13 (36%), elastic fiber in 12 (33%), and @entity730 in 9 (25%). Proportion of asymptomatic @entity543 , intra-operative @entity1168 / @entity551 , and inflammatory cells of debris were significantly higher in @entity1 with new DWI-high lesions. There was no significant relationship between the pathological characteristics and MR plaque imaging of distal @entity887 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that new DWI-high lesions might be influenced by types of debris in the filter. The need for future studies specifically examine the association of pathology of debris and findings of MR plaque imaging with new DWI-high lesions during CAS is emphasized.

title: XXXX in carotid artery stenting.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5922 :: ('MESH:C536356', 'Disease') :: ['Pathology of debris']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['Embolic debris', 'embolic debris']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity887 :: (MESH:D004617,Disease) :: ['Pathology of embolic debris']


abstract: Erythrocytes from two @entity1 (F.K. and A.M.) with @entity7965 , which were almost completely deficient in decay-accelerating factor and @entity1009 , were found to differ in their susceptibility to homologous complement. Whereas 50-70% of F.K. erythrocytes were lysed, almost 100% of the erythrocytes from A.M. were lysed. These observations were seen under both acidified and nonacidified conditions, and regardless of whether or not the normal human serum was adsorbed with normal erythrocytes to remove natural antibodies. Erythrocytes from two other @entity1 , J.S. and Y.K., about 85% of which did not express @entity1009 , showed lytic profiles similar to those of @entity1 F.K. The differences between @entity1 were not related to levels of natural antibody or other membrane regulatory proteins such as complement receptor type I or membrane cofactor protein. Erythrocytes from F.K. and A.M. differed in their reconstitution with decay accelerating factor and @entity1009 . While erythrocytes from F.K. were reconstituted with @entity1009 in a unimodal pattern, erythrocytes from A.M. showed a bimodal pattern of reconstitution assessed by flow cytometry. After reconstitution with @entity1009 , erythrocytes from F.K. and A.M. differed in their protection against homologous complement. It is concluded that erythrocyte membrane constituents other than the known inhibitors differ in these @entity1 .

title: Implication of membrane factors other than DAF and XXXX in complement-mediated lysis of @entity7965 erythrocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria']

answer: @entity1009 :: (966,Gene) :: ['CD59']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent @entity943 may cause remodelling of the atria. The effects of radiofrequency (RF) ablation of these @entity943 on left atrial function have not been well established. AIM: To evaluate the effects of RF ablation on left atrial systolic function in @entity1 with @entity2917 ( @entity2917 ) and @entity591 ( @entity591 ). METHODS: The study group consisted of 70 @entity1 (22 @entity1 ), in whom successful RF ablation of slow pathway (35 @entity1 ) or accessory pathway (35 @entity1 ) was performed. @entity1 with @entity955 , structural @entity299 , @entity943 (> class 3 Lown), @entity1002 or on antiarrhythmics were excluded. All the @entity1 had echocardiographic study before and 6 months after ablation. Left atrial systolic function was assessed using @entity955 ( @entity955 ) according to Manning's formula ( @entity955 = 0.5 x    x MA x A(2), r: blood density = 1.06 g/cm(3), MA: mitral orifice area [cm(2)], A: A wave velocity). The following left atrial dimensions were assessed: antero-posterior (LA-AP), infero-superior (LA-IS, @entity1162 ), medio-lateral (LA-ML, short @entity2270 ). The correlations between @entity955 and electrophysiological parameters were analysed (VA - ventriculo-atrial conduction, VA/CL - @entity591 cycle length). RESULTS: The @entity955 increased significantly in the @entity2917 group (7.78 vs 10.75 kdynes; p < 0.001) whereas it did not change in the @entity591 group (8.96 vs 9.50, NS). Left atrial dimensions decreased significantly in both groups ( @entity2917 group: LA-AP: 38 vs 34 mm; LA-ML: 37 vs 33 mm; LA-IS: 51 vs 45 mm; p < 0.001; @entity591 group: LA-AP: 38 vs 36 mm; p < 0.01; LA-ML: 37 vs 35 mm, p < 0.001; LA-IS: 50 vs 46 mm; p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between the increment of @entity955 and electrophysiological parameters of the @entity591 (VA, r = -0.51 and VA/CL, r = -0.53). CONCLUSIONS: 1. RF ablation of @entity2917 is associated with the improvement of left atrial systolic function. 2. Left atrial size decreases following RF ablation of both @entity2917 and @entity591 . 3. The effects of RF ablation on the left atrial systolic function depends on electrophysiological parameters of the @entity591 (VA and VA/CL).

title: The effects of radiofrequency ablation on left atrial systolic function in XXXX with atrioventricular nodal reentrant and @entity2917 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['AVNRT', 'atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular tachycardia', 'tachycardia', 'AVRT']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'atrial ejection force', 'AEF']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular arrhythmias', 'ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['impaired left ventricular systolic function']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Stimulus-induced expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) is believed to be involved in the transduction of extracellular stimuli into prolonged modifications of cellular function. Previous studies have demonstrated that the IEGs @entity11970 ( @entity11970 ) and @entity5019 are each rapidly induced in the caudate putamen (CP) by treatment with the indirect @entity935 agonist @entity2072 . The short-term course of this induction has been well studied. However, the consequences of @entity2072 use are not limited to immediate pharmacological effects. Withdrawal, especially from prolonged or repeated use, can produce extended physiological and behavioral changes. At the cellular level, these longer-term effects may be mediated by or reflected in changes in the expression of IEGs. For this reason, we have investigated long-term perturbations in IEG expression during withdrawal from intravenously (IV) or intraperitoneally (IP) administered @entity2072 . Levels of @entity11970 and @entity5019 were measured in the CP of @entity35 by Northern blot analysis, which confirmed that @entity2072 -induced increases of @entity11970 and @entity5019 mRNA lasts for several hours after drug administration. Immediately following this induction, however, there is a prolonged period during which a marked reduction in the relative amount of mRNA for both @entity11970 and @entity5019 is observed in @entity2072 -treated animals when compared to matched, vehicle-treated controls. This repression persisted for several hours after a single injection and as long as several days following multiple injections, strongly suggesting a cumulative effect for repeated exposures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Persistent reduction of immediate early gene mRNA in XXXX forebrain following single or multiple doses of @entity2072 .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the long-term effectiveness and safety of percutaneous retrogasserian @entity653 rhizolysis (PRGR) in the treatment of medically refractive chronic @entity2686 ( @entity2686 ). The current mainstay of surgical intervention for these @entity1 is percutaneous radiofrequency retrogasserian rhizotomy (PRFR). However, when performed for V1 distribution pathology, PRFR can lead to @entity2687 , which places the @entity1 at risk for future @entity227 . It also increases the risk of @entity809 . METHODS: In a prospective, consecutive series, 18 @entity1 with intractable @entity2686 were followed for a mean of 5.2 years (range, 40-78 mo) after they had undergone PRGR, performed using a standard technique. The significance of this technique as an alternative to PRFR is that it should result in a lower rate of both corneal and facial anesthesia and provide an acceptable degree of @entity158 relief. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 (83%) obtained immediate @entity158 relief after one or two injections; the majority of them experienced relief after the first injection. @entity2686 recurred in seven @entity1 (39%) over the course of the study. Two of these @entity1 received a second injection, and both met with equal success. Two other @entity1 underwent PRFR. Excluding those who underwent PRFR, the overall daily @entity10 frequency decreased from 3.5 +/- 0.3 attacks per day preoperatively to 0.6 +/- 0.2 attacks per day at last follow-up. The severity of these headaches, as assessed by verbal @entity158 scales, also decreased from 10 preoperatively to 4.4 +/- 1.4 at follow-up. None of the @entity1 , including those who required a second procedure, experienced @entity2687 or @entity809 . CONCLUSION: This study provides the first long-term evaluation of PRGR for the treatment of medically refractive chronic @entity2686 and lends support to both the safety and long-term efficacy of this procedure. Further investigations are needed to compare directly the relative efficacy and safety of PRGR and PRFR.

title: Percutaneous retrogasserian @entity653 rhizolysis for treatment of chronic intractable XXXX : long-term results.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['facial dysesthesia']

entities_list: @entity2686 :: ('MESH:D003027', 'Disease') :: ['cluster headache', 'CH']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal anesthesia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity2686 :: (MESH:D003027,Disease) :: ['cluster headaches']


abstract: @entity1776 ( @entity1776 ) are uncommon soft tissue @entity5 of neural derivation, as supported by immunohistochemical and ultrastructural evidence. Vulvar involvement has been reported in 7-16%. This paper presents the cases of a 60-year-old @entity1 and her 32-year-old niece with a strong family history of @entity5 , both presenting with an enlarging mass on their left labia majora. The lesions were treated by simple surgical excision. Histopathological examination revealed a benign vulvar @entity1777 in both lesions. This is the first reported case of @entity1777 of the vulva in the same family. The possible familial component of @entity1777 needs further investigation. A systematic review of the literature on vulvar @entity1776 is carried out, the most complete one to date. This review unexpectedly reveals that there have been more than 130 cases of @entity1777 of the vulva reported to date, only 7 of which were malignant. Since 5-25% of @entity1 have @entity75 , before planning treatment, clinicians should exclude @entity75 . After surgical treatment, if there is any evidence of @entity5 in the surgical margin, wider local excision should be performed. Regular follow-up is important for diagnosing a possible recurrence or a new lesion.

title: XXXX : first report of multiple cases in a family.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1776 :: ('MESH:D016586', 'Disease') :: ['Granular cell tumors', 'GCTs']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lesions', 'multicentric lesions']

answer: @entity1776 :: (MESH:D016586,Disease) :: ['Benign granular cell tumor of the vulva']


abstract: Maternal behaviour and the ewe's ability to recognize her lamb depend on olfactory cues and parturition, and are facilitated by maternal experience. Parturition induces a variety of neurochemical changes in the brain and, in particular, @entity398 (OT) release. This peptide injected centrally induces maternal behaviour. @entity398 release occurs in the olfactory bulb (OB) at parturition and yet this structure is involved in the process of selective bonding with lamb. The present study therefore investigated the possibility that @entity398 release in the OB might modulate the release of classical transmitters that are known to be important in controlling selective recognition and whether maternal experience has any effect on this. We have first used in vivo microdialysis to measure OT release, as well as that of the related peptide, @entity369 -vasopressin (AVP), in the OB of maternally experienced and inexperienced ewes during parturition. While OT release significantly increased in both primiparous and multiparous ewes at parturition this increase was significantly greater in multiparous ewes. No significant change of AVP release was observed in either group. However, vagino-cervical stimulation (VCS) performed at 6 h post-partum caused similar increases in OT but not AVP release in both primiparous and multiparous ewes suggesting that the first birth experience potentiates the ability of VCS to evoke OT release within 6 h of parturition. Using retrodialysis, either OT (10 microM) or AVP (10 microM) were infused into the OB of multiparous and nulliparous ewes and their effects on modulating @entity934 ( @entity1617 ), @entity1063 (NA), @entity2227 and @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ) release were monitored. Both peptides produced an increase of @entity1617 and NA in multiparous animals and this effect was either absent or less pronounced in nulliparous animals. OT, but not AVP, also increased @entity1246 release equivalently in nulliparous and multiparous animals. @entity2227 release was not altered in response to OT or @entity1831 infusion. These results suggest that OT release in the OB at parturition may facilitate the recognition of lamb odours by modulating NA, @entity1617 and @entity1246 release which are of primary importance for olfactory memory. The reduced release of OT in the OB of primiparous ewes at parturition, together with its reduced ability to modulate NA and @entity1617 release, might also partly explain why maternally inexperienced animals require a longer period to selectively bond with their @entity742 .

title: XXXX and vasopressin release in the olfactory bulb of parturient ewes: changes with maternal experience and effects on @entity934 , @entity1246 , @entity2227 and @entity1063 release.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin', 'Oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity398 :: (MESH:D010121,Chemical) :: ['Oxytocin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To improve regeneration of the peripheral nervous system, a therapy was utilized in the adult @entity35 sciatic nerve in which nerve regeneration is enhanced following acute @entity130 . The authors hypothesized that (1) axon regeneration within a region of injury increases following experimental, immunological @entity17 ; and (2) regenerated axons partially derive from the proximal motor axons. METHODS: The sciatic nerves of 10 @entity35 were injected with a demyelinating agent following @entity130 , while the nerves of 10 control @entity35 received a @entity130 without therapy. The sciatic nerves were harvested at 14 and 28 days. The lesion containing length of the nerve was cut into 1-mm blocks, and specimens were fixed and evaluated using structural and immunohistochemical analyses. A Flouro-Ruby tracer was injected into the sciatic nerves of a separate group of @entity35 to determine the source of axonal regrowth. RESULTS: An epineural injection of complement proteins plus antibodies to @entity8159 resulted in @entity17 followed by Schwann cell remyelination. At 14 days, remyelination was demonstrated spanning the injured sciatic nerve segment. At 28 days, peripheral nerve regeneration was quantified by total axon count, axon density, and nerve fiber diameter. Tracers demonstrated that regeneration arose partially from proximal motor axons. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates enhanced regeneration in the peripheral nervous system using experimental, immunological @entity17 . Findings indicate that axon count, axon density, and nerve fiber diameter within a region of acute @entity130 in the @entity35 sciatic nerve can be improved using a demyelinating treatment.

title: Improvement of peripheral nerve regeneration following immunological XXXX in vivo.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity8159 :: ('MESH:C002454', 'Chemical') :: ['galactocerebroside']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['crush injury']

answer: @entity17 :: (MESH:D003711,Disease) :: ['demyelination']