abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity725 ( @entity725 ) and its non-barotraumatic subgroup, normal tension @entity726 (NTG), the pathophysiological differences are not clear. A participation of the 4th neuron of the visual pathway (optic radiation) appears possible on the basis of related experimental studies. The goal of the present study was the evaluation of the optic radiation by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), which is based on the magnetic resonance imaging. The diffusion and anisotropy parameters of the optic radiation as a marker of axonal integrity and @entity17 /damage of glial cells, respectively, were used to investigate the relation between the morphology of the papilla (BLDF, linear discriminant function of Burk) and the contrast sensitivity (FDT, frequency doubling test). @entity1 AND METHODS: In this prospective observational study 13 @entity725 @entity1 , 13 NTG @entity1 , and 7 control @entity1 of the same mean age were included. For segmentation of the optic radiation a semi-automated algorithm was applied and the diffusion and anisotropy parameters were calculated. The importance of the covariates age, BLDF, and FDT for the DTI parameters was determined using partial correlation analysis. RESULTS: Analysis of the covariates partially showed a clear autocorrelation. The correlations between the DTI parameters and BLDF were significant in all groups after correction of the measurement values for the covariates. FDT correlated with DTI parameters in controls and @entity725 . The NTG group did not show this correlation due to a strong spreading of the FDT values. CONCLUSION: After statistical elimination of the autocorrelation of the covariates age, BLDF, and FDT the morphology of the papilla correlated with the axonal integrity and @entity17 /glia cell impairment of the optic radiation in controls and @entity726 . In NTG the impaired contrast sensitivity is highly variable and is not associated with the condition of the 3rd or 4th neuron, respectively, as compared to @entity725 . The autocorrelation between individual covariates represents an important element for the judgement of the visual pathway.

title: [Integrity/ @entity17 of the optic radiation, morphology of the papilla, and contrast sensitivity in XXXX @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['POAG', 'primary open angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: 22q11.2 @entity3768 is a @entity600 with @entity261 . The spectrum of parathyroid gland dysfunction ranges from severe @entity3747 to @entity4092 . The @entity461 ( @entity461 ) secretory reserve is reduced in a significant number of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome @entity1 with normocalcemia. The aim of this study was to investigate hypoparathyroid function using the @entity3157 infusion test for 22q11.2 deletion syndrome with normocalcemia. METHODS: @entity4388 solution [7% (w/v); 40 ml/m(2) body surface area] was infused for 2 min, and blood samples for the determination of plasma ionized @entity460 and plasma intact @entity461 were serially obtained. The test was conducted on five 22q11.2 deletion syndrome @entity1 with normocalcemia. RESULTS: two @entity1 presented increments of intact @entity461 levels (peak value - basal value) of 70 pg/ml or higher during the test, whereas the remaining 3 showed @entity461 level increments of <30 pg/ml. The former 2 @entity1 were diagnosed as having normal parathyroid gland function, and the latter 3 @entity1 as having @entity4092 . CONCLUSION: the @entity3157 infusion test may be a valuable method for the evaluation of residual parathyroid gland function in @entity1 with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Screening of @entity4092 should be considered in the regular follow-up of @entity1 with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, even in cases with normocalcemia.

title: Evaluation of parathyroid gland function using XXXX infusion test for 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity3768 :: ('MESH:D002872', 'Disease') :: ['Deletion syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity4092 :: ('MESH:D058345', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hypoparathyroidism']

answer: @entity4388 :: (MESH:D017693,Chemical) :: ['sodium bicarbonate']


abstract: Literature reports describe kiwi fruit as a food with significant effects on @entity1 health, including anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Fresh fruit or raw kiwi fruit extracts have been used so far to investigate these effects, but the molecule(s) responsible for these health-promoting activities have not yet been identified. Kissper is a kiwi fruit peptide displaying pore-forming activity in synthetic lipid bilayers, the composition of which is similar to that found in intestinal cells. The objective of this study was to investigate the kissper influence on intestinal inflammation using cultured cells and ex-vivo tissues from healthy subjects and @entity30 ( @entity30 ) patients. The anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of kissper were tested on Caco-2 cells and on the colonic mucosa from 23 @entity1 with @entity30 , by challenging with the lipopolysaccharide from @entity526 (EC-LPS) and monitoring the appropriate markers by Western blot and immunofluorescence. EC-LPS challenge determined an increase in the intracellular concentration of @entity460 and reactive @entity26 species (ROS). The peptide kissper was highly effective in preventing the increase of LPS-induced ROS levels in both the Caco-2 cells and @entity30 colonic mucosa. Moreover, it controls the @entity460 increase, p65-nuclear factor (NF)-kB induction and @entity8265 ( @entity8265 ) activation inflammatory response in Caco-2 cells and @entity30 colonic mucosa. Kissper efficiently counteracts the oxidative stress and inflammatory response in valuable model systems consisting of intestinal cells and @entity30 colonic mucosa. This study reports the first evidence supporting a possible correlation between some beneficial effects of kiwi fruit and a specific protein molecule rather than generic nutrients.

title: The kiwi fruit peptide kissper displays anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects in in-vitro and ex-vivo XXXX intestinal models.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The nose provides defensive and homeostatic functions requiring rapid responses to physical and chemical stimuli. As a result, it is armed with a complex nervous system that includes sensory, parasympathetic, and sympathetic nerves. Sensory nerves transmit signals from the mucosa, generating sensations, such as @entity111 ; motor reflexes, such as sneezing; and parasympathetic and sympathetic reflexes that affect the glandular and vascular nasal apparatuses. Reflexes directed to the nose are also generated by inputs from other body regions. Hence all symptoms that constitute the nosologic entity of @entity2490 can be triggered through neural pathways. In addition, neural signals generated in the nose can influence distal physiology, such as that of the bronchial tree and the cardiovascular system. Neural function can be chronically upregulated in the presence of @entity32 , acutely with an @entity56 , or even in the absence of @entity32 , as in cases of nonallergic @entity2490 . Upregulation of the nasal nervous system can occur at various levels of the reflex pathways, resulting in exaggerated responses ( @entity1274 ), as well as in increased capacity for generation of @entity13624 , a phenomenon that depends on the release of neuropeptides on antidromic stimulation of nociceptive sensory nerves. The molecular mechanisms of hyperresponsiveness are not understood, but several inflammatory products appear to be playing a role. Neurotrophins, such as the nerve growth factor, are prime candidates as mediators of @entity1274 . The many interactions between the nervous and immune systems contribute to nasal physiology but also to @entity11766 .

title: The role of the nervous system in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'mucosal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural hyperresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity11766 :: ('MESH:D009668', 'Disease') :: ['nasal disease']

entities_list: @entity13624 :: ('MESH:D020078', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic inflammation']

answer: @entity2490 :: (MESH:D012220,Disease) :: ['rhinitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The insertion-deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the @entity1289 gene is a diallelic polymorphism that constitutes a genetic influence on the progression of @entity8 such as @entity8 . @entity1 with the @entity336 genotype have an accelerated progression towards end @entity177 in these diseases. The role of the I/D polymorphism in the pathogenesis of @entity2316 in @entity1723 is unresolved. @entity1 AND METHODS: We therefore set out to study the contribution of the I/D polymorphism in 79 @entity1 (age 39.5 +/- 7.6 years (mean +/- SD) with end @entity177 due to @entity2316 , who were recipients of a combined kidney-pancreas transplantation (n = 60), or who were on the waiting list for such a procedure (n = 19). The control series consisted of 82 @entity1 (age 39.5 +/- 9.6 years) without microalbuminuria after fifteen years of @entity1723 . RESULTS: The @entity1289 genotype distribution in @entity1 was not in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium due to a significant overrepresentation of the @entity336 genotype (X2 = 8.9, p = 0.01). This resulted in a significant increase of the D-allele frequency in the cases compared to controls (X2 = 4.9, p = 0.03). The presence of one D-allele did not increase the risk of end @entity177 (odds ratio ID/II = 1.0, 95% CI 0.4-2.2). The presence of the @entity336 genotype increased the risk of end @entity177 twofold compared to the other genotypes (odds ratio 2.1, 95% CI 1.1-4.0). The risk estimate seemed slightly higher in @entity1 with good metabolic control (odds ratio 2.6, 95% CI 1.0-7.1), than in @entity1 with poor control (odds ratio 1.6, 95% CI 0.59-4.3). CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the risk of @entity454 in @entity1 with @entity1723 is twofold increased in @entity1 with the @entity336 genotype as compared to @entity1 with other genotypes.

title: The @entity336 genotype of the @entity1289 gene polymorphism is associated with progression of @entity2316 to end @entity177 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IgA nephropathy', 'renal diseases']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme', 'ACE']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['stage renal failure']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['IDDM']


abstract: @entity1020 describes a recently reported entity, clinically characterized by asymptomatic hyperpigmented macules on the lower limbs, without association of @entity262 . Histopathologically it is characterized by a @entity3468 with a hyalinized fibrin ring. We report a new case presenting with @entity1066 , a finding not previously described. A 25-year-old Hispanic @entity1 was evaluated for a 1-year history of a gradually progressive, asymptomatic @entity203 that begins at level of both knees and progressively affects both legs and feet. She also referred recently appeared @entity1066 on inner right ankle without previous traumatism. Physical examination revealed multiple fairly well-defined light brown and faint pink patches with petechiae on as well as retiform crusts and livedoid lesions on inner right ankle. Both types of lesions were biopsied showing @entity3468 with @entity39 and @entity715 . There were no relevant laboratory alterations. The clinical peculiarity of our case is the clinical image of the lesions mimicking a @entity4125 and the presence of a non-traumatic ulcer which could be explained because chronic lymphocytic damage may cause @entity2806 . Ulceration in our case supports consideration of macular @entity3468 as a latent form of @entity11657 .

title: @entity1020 : first clinical presentation with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['fibrinoid necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcers', 'ulceration']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['eruption']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['arteritis', 'lymphocytic arteritis']

entities_list: @entity4125 :: ('MESH:D011693', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented purpuric dermatosis']

entities_list: @entity11657 :: ('MESH:D010488', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['Macular lymphocytic arteritis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: The effect of the @entity1508 gene in @entity1707 on the meat and sensory qualities thereof were determined. Meat derived from 60 Landrace Large White @entity1707 of three @entity1508 genotypes was used. The sensory qualities, cooking loss, colour, shear value and proximate analysis of the cooked pork loin roasts were determined. The three genotypes did not differ significantly (P>0.05) with regard to the colour of the cooked meat, percentage cooking loss and percentage moisture. There were significant differences (P<0.05) between the genotypes in the percentage protein, ash and fat. Meat from the three genotypes also differed significantly (P<0.05) in juiciness, an analytical sensory panel scored the juiciness of meat from the NN-genotype the highest with a value of 71.3 when using a structured line scale. Meat from the nn-genotype had the lowest score for juiciness (62.8). Meat from the three genotypes did not differ significantly (P>0.05) with regard to @entity925 , pork flavour and no mealiness. Correlation values showed a positive correlation (r=0.46, P<0.05) between juiciness and @entity925 . These results indicate that the inclusion of the @entity1508 gene in @entity1707 production programmes results in meat with an inferior quality and it can be recommended to exclude the @entity1508 positive genotype from any @entity1707 production system where fresh pork quality is considered a primary goal.

title: Sensory and functional meat quality characteristics of pork derived from three XXXX genotypes.

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

answer: @entity1508 :: (MESH:D006221,Chemical) :: ['halothane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In induced abortion, the method, the risk of complications and the economic cost of the abortion are determined by gestational age. The aim of this study was to describe the determinants of induced @entity5852 until the second trimester of pregnancy in Barcelona. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of induced abortions due to the physical or mental health of the @entity1 (Barcelona, 2004-2005; N=9,175). The city's induced abortion register provided data on gestational age at abortion (dependent variable), educational level, age, cohabitation with the partner, number of @entity1 previous abortions, and type of center. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) were calculated with log-binomial regression models. RESULTS: A total of 7.7% of induced abortions were second-trimester abortions and 99.3% were performed in private centers. Compared with @entity1 with a university education, those with primary education or less had an aPR of 1.8 (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.4-2.2) of delaying the abortion until the second trimester. A higher proportion of second-trimester abortions were also recorded in @entity1 aged less than 18 years old ( @entity31521 .6; 95%CI: 2.0-3.4), @entity1 not cohabiting with their partners (aRP=1.4; 95% CI: 1.2-1.6) and in public centers ( @entity31521 .8; 95% CI: 2.2-3.7). No differences were found in induced @entity5852 among @entity1 with previous abortions and those without. CONCLUSION: Induced @entity5852 until the second trimester of pregnancy was associated with low educational level, young ages, not cohabiting with a partner, and public centers. This study demonstrates the existence of socioeconomic inequalities in access conditions to abortion services.

title: [Determinants of induced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['abortion delay']

answer: @entity5852 :: (MESH:D000031,Disease) :: ['abortion delay']


abstract: This study examined the relationship between @entity2167 in global @entity2026 @entity1 after 1 year post onset, and @entity75 in @entity244 in the subcortical temporal isthmus area. Computed tomographic scans and language behavior were examined in 14 right-handed globally aphasic @entity64 @entity1 with lesion in the left hemisphere. Nine @entity1 had large cortical/subcortical frontal, parietal, and @entity75 that included more than half of @entity244 (FPT cases). Five @entity1 had large @entity75 , but only subcortical @entity75 , including the temporal isthmus (FPTi cases). All @entity1 were tested acutely at 1 to 4 months post onset and again at 1 to 2 years post onset. There was a significantly greater increase in the amount of recovery that had taken place after 1 to 2 years post onset for the FPTi group vs the FPT group in the overall Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE) Auditory Comprehension Z score. In four of the five FPTi cases, the late BDAE Auditory Comprehension Z scores were above -0.5 (mild-to-moderate @entity51 ). Most recovery was in @entity1650 . In eight of the nine FPT cases, the late BDAE Auditory Comprehension Z-scores were below -0.5 (moderate-to-severe @entity51 ). There was no significant difference between the two groups in recovery of spontaneous speech, repetition, or naming, where severe deficits remained in most cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Late XXXX in global @entity2026 . Improved recovery observed with subcortical @entity75 vs @entity244 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['recovery of auditory comprehension']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe lesion', 'cortical/subcortical frontal and parietal lobe lesion']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['single-word comprehension']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['comprehension deficits']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Wernicke's cortical area vs temporal lobe lesion", "Wernicke's cortical area"]

answer: @entity2167 :: (MESH:D006311,Disease) :: ['recovery of auditory comprehension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity418 is one of the most serious @entity1820 worldwide, owing to its rapid development and fatal prognoses in most cases. There is a paucity of published data regarding @entity418 in Tanzania and the study area in particular. This study was conducted to describe the endoscopic and clinicopathological patterns of @entity418 in this part of the world. The study provides baseline local data for future comparison. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of histologically confirmed cases of @entity418 seen at Bugando Medical Center and Muhimbili National Hospital between March 2008 and February 2013. Data were retrieved from medical record computer database and analyzed using SPSS computer software version 17.0. RESULTS: A total of 328 @entity418 @entity1 were enrolled in the study, representing 25.3% of all @entity1820 . The male to female ratio was 2.2:1. The median age of @entity1 at presentation was 47 years. The majority of @entity1 (86.6%) were peasants coming from the rural areas. Smoking and @entity167 consumption were documented in 74.7% and 61.6% of @entity1 respectively. Family history of @entity418 was reported in 4.6% of cases. The majority of @entity1 (81.7%) presented late with advanced stage of @entity5 . Progressive @entity1282 and @entity353 were the most common presenting symptoms occurring in all @entity1 . The middle third esophagus (58.5%) was the most frequent anatomical site for @entity418 followed by lower third (27.4%) and upper third esophagus (10.4%). @entity957 (96.0%) was the most common histopathological type. @entity420 occurred in 13 (4.0%) @entity1 . TNM staging was documented in only 104 (31.7%) @entity1 . Of these, 102(98.1%) @entity1 were diagnosed with advanced @entity418 (Stages III and IV). According to @entity5 grading, most of @entity5 were moderately differentiated accounting for 56.1% of cases. Distant @entity3 was documented in 43.3% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity418 is not uncommon in this region and shows a trend towards a relative young age at presentation and the majority of @entity1 present late with advanced stage. There is a need for screening of high-risk populations and detecting @entity418 at an early stage in order to improve chances for successful treatment and survival.

title: Endoscopic and clinicopathological patterns of XXXX in Tanzania: experiences from two tertiary health institutions.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancer', 'malignant gastrointestinal tract tumors']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal cancer', 'esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: The Onecut (OC) transcription factor @entity29389 ( @entity29389 ) is required during embryogenesis for pancreatic specification, morphogenesis and endocrine differentiation. In mammals, @entity29389 has two paralogs, @entity29390 , which share DNA-binding and transcriptional activation properties and have expression patterns that overlap with that of @entity29389 . This suggested that @entity29390 play redundant roles with @entity29389 in @entity788 development. Here, we have addressed this hypothesis by analyzing the phenotype of @entity19 knockout for the Onecut factors. We found that neither @entity29390 is required for @entity788 specification. However, @entity29391 plays partially redundant roles with @entity29389 in @entity788 morphogenesis and in the differentiation of endocrine precursors. As similar molecular events drive endocrine differentiation in the @entity788 and gastrointestinal tract, we also investigated if Onecut factors are involved in enteroendocrine differentiation. @entity29391 and @entity29392 were found to delineate specific antero-posterior regions of the gut around embryonic day 12.5. Later on, @entity29391 was expressed in several gut cell types, whereas @entity29392 behaved as a specific marker of the enteroendocrine lineage. However, @entity29390 , alone or in combination, were dispensable for gut development and enteroendocrine differentiation. In conclusion, our data reveal partially redundant roles for @entity29389 and @entity29391 in developing @entity788 and identify new markers for antero-posterior patterning of the gut and for enteroendocrine differentiation.

title: Role of the Onecut transcription factors in XXXX morphogenesis and in pancreatic and enteric endocrine differentiation.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreas']


abstract: Rehabilitation programs and research experiments use single-arm protocols in which the contralateral arm is not functional or used as a control limb. This study was interested in determining the hormonal signal impacts of such one- versus two-arm exercise responses that might have an impact on adaptational changes with training. The purpose was to examine the acute hormonal responses to a unilateral and a bilateral upper-body resistance exercise (RE) protocol. A balanced randomized treatment intervention with series time frame for blood collections before and after exercise was used as the basic experimental design. Ten recreationally resistance trained @entity1 (18-25 years, 20.4 +/- 1.2 years, 175.6 +/- 4.5 cm, 81.7 +/- 9.3 kg) gave informed consent to participate in the investigation. Each subject performed unilateral (dominant arm only) and bilateral upper-body RE protocol separated by 1 week in a balanced randomized fashion. The RE protocol consisted of 3 sets of 10 repetitions of 5 different dumbbell upper-body exercises at 80% of 1-repetition maximum, and blood samples were obtained before and 5, 15, and 30 minutes @entity28330 ( @entity28330 ). Blood was obtained and analyzed for @entity880 , immunoreactive @entity2124 (iGH), @entity701 (C), total @entity251 (T), and insulin concentrations. Total volume of work also was determined for the 2 exercise sessions. Total volume of work performed during the unilateral protocol was 52.1% of that for the bilateral protocol. Both RE protocols elicited a significant (p < or = 0.05) increase in @entity880 and iGH, but the increase for the bilateral condition was significantly greater. @entity701 decreased significantly during recovery for the unilateral condition. @entity251 was not affected by either protocol. Insulin was significantly increased at @entity28330 and 5 minutes postexercise for both conditions.These results indicate that the hormonal responses to dominant-arm unilateral RE is blunted compared to that for bilateral RE. This differential endocrine response is likely a result of the difference in volume between the protocols. It is important to pay attention to the amount of muscle mass utilized in a resistance exercise protocol to optimize endocrine signaling.

title: Endocrine response patterns to acute unilateral and bilateral resistance exercise in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity28330 :: ('MESH:D057774', 'Disease') :: ['IP', 'immediately postexercise']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated whether soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) has a role in the pathogenesis of @entity1103 associated with @entity2994 ( @entity2994 ) together with @entity7 ( @entity7 ). METHODS: A retrospective case control study was performed in 22 @entity1 with @entity2994 and @entity1103 , as well as 10 @entity1 with @entity2194 as the control group. @entity2479 was evaluated by measuring the area of capillary non-perfusion with Scion Image software, while the severity of @entity1103 was examined by optical coherence tomography. @entity7462 samples were obtained during the performance of combined vitrectomy and @entity231 surgery. sICAM-1 and @entity7 levels in @entity7462 and plasma specimens were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: @entity7462 levels of sICAM-1 (median: 6.90 ng/ml) and @entity7 (median: 169 pg/ml) were significantly elevated in @entity2994 @entity1 compared with the control group (median: 3.30 pg/ml and 15.6 pg/ml, respectively) (P = 0.005 and P < 0.001, respectively). The @entity7462 level of sICAM-1 was significantly correlated with that of @entity7 (P = 0.025). In addition, aqueous levels of both sICAM-1 and @entity7 were correlated with the size of the non-perfused area of the retina in @entity2994 @entity1 (P = 0.021 and P < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, aqueous levels of sICAM-1 and @entity7 were both correlated with the severity of @entity1103 (P = 0.020 and P = 0.005, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Both sICAM-1 and @entity7 may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity1103 associated with @entity2994 . Measurement of @entity7462 sICAM-1 levels may be useful for assessment of @entity2994 @entity1 with @entity1103 , in addition to measurement of @entity7 .

title: Increase of aqueous inflammatory factors in @entity1103 with XXXX : a case control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['nonischemic ocular diseases']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['branch retinal vein occlusion', 'BRVO']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor', 'Aqueous humor']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['branch retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the absence of comprehensive smoking bans in public places, bars and nightclubs have the highest concentrations of secondhand @entity286 smoke, posing a serious health risk for workers in these venues. OBJECTIVE: To assess exposure of bar and nightclub employees to secondhand smoke, including non-smoking and smoking employees. METHODS: Between 2007 and 2009, the authors recruited approximately 10 venues per city and up to five employees per venue in 24 cities in the Americas, Eastern Europe, Asia and Africa. Air @entity1239 concentrations were measured for 7 days in 238 venues. To evaluate personal exposure to secondhand smoke, hair @entity1239 concentrations were also measured for 625 non-smoking and 311 smoking employees (N=936). RESULTS: Median (IQR) air @entity1239 concentrations were 3.5 (1.5-8.5)  g/m(3) and 0.2 (0.1-0.7)  g/m(3) in smoking and smoke-free venues, respectively. Median (IQR) hair @entity1239 concentrations were 6.0 (1.6-16.0) ng/mg and 1.7 (0.5-5.5) ng/mg in smoking and non-smoking employees, respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, education, living with a smoker, hair treatment and region, a twofold increase in air @entity1239 concentrations was associated with a 30% (95% CI 23% to 38%) increase in hair @entity1239 concentrations in non-smoking employees and with a 10% (2% to 19%) increase in smoking employees. CONCLUSIONS: Occupational exposure to secondhand smoke, assessed by air @entity1239 , resulted in elevated concentrations of hair @entity1239 among non-smoking and smoking bar and nightclub employees. The high levels of airborne @entity1239 found in bars and nightclubs and the contribution of this exposure to employee hair @entity1239 concentrations support the need for legislation measures that ensure complete protection from secondhand smoke in these venues.

title: Secondhand XXXX smoke: an occupational hazard for smoking and non-smoking bar and nightclub employees.

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: A protein fraction (A-L fraction) with characteristics reminiscent of muscle actin has been isolated from @entity526 . The A-L fraction undergoes reversible aggregation under the same conditions in which actin is polymerized and depends primarily on @entity972 for its polymerization. This fraction, upon electrophoresis on @entity3323 gels in the presence of @entity3208 , exhibits a distinct peak at the characteristic molecular weight of 45,000. Passage of skeletal muscle myosin through the A-L fraction specifically removes this 45,000-molecular weight peak. Examination of the myosin by @entity3208 electrophoresis after the passage reveals a new band at the proper molecular weight. The A-L fraction from wild-type @entity526 is compared with the protein from a @entity972 transport mutant. Important catalytic differences exist between the A-L fractions of the two strains. The A-L fraction from the mutant fails to polymerize in low-K media in the K+ concentration range in which the mutant fails to take up to K+. In low-K+ media, the parent strain accumulates @entity972 and the A-L fraction from this organism polymerizes. The cell swelling reaction of both strains has been studied. Parent cells swell during low-K+ uptake, whereas the mutant does not. It is construed from this that the differences in the characterization of the A-L fraction relative to that of the wild type are related to the loss of cell swelling in the mutant and hence to the loss in alkali cation selectivity. The possible role of contractile proteins in biological ion exchange is discussed.

title: Actin-like properties from XXXX : concept of cytotonus as the missing link between cell metabolism and the biological ion-exchange resin.

entities_list: @entity3323 :: ('MESH:D020106', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylamide']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1743 ( @entity1743 ) may be common after slipped @entity4039 though the actual frequency is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of symptomatic @entity1743 in young adults after slipped @entity4039 and define its relationship with slip severity. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of 49 @entity1 (65 @entity572 ) to determine @entity1 and slip characteristics and treatments. @entity1 were then recalled for clinical and radiographic review to assess symptoms, particularly impingement, and outcomes after skeletal maturity. RESULTS: Thirty-six @entity1 (49 @entity572 ) were reviewed clinically and radiographically with a mean follow-up of 6.1 years (range: 2.2 to 13.1 y). All @entity1 had reached skeletal maturity. Thirty-one percent (15/49) of @entity1 complained of @entity158 or stiffness, whereas 32% (16/49) had clinical signs of impingement. The Southwick slip angle and grade of slip or Loder's classification of physeal stability were not predictive of impingement at follow-up. The anterior head-neck offset angle (alpha angle) correlated most strongly with @entity1743 (r=0.26). No pre-slips or prophylactically pinned @entity572 developed clinical impingement in this review. CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of radiographic indicators to predict @entity1743 , we advocate all but those @entity572 pinned prophylactically or for pre-slip should be followed into adulthood and clinically monitored for impingement. Grade of slip in adolescence cannot be used as a predictive tool for @entity1743 later in life. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, retrospective study.

title: @entity1743 after slipped XXXX : does slip severity predict clinical symptoms?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1743 :: ('MESH:D057925', 'Disease') :: ['FAI', 'Femoroacetabular impingement']

entities_list: @entity4039 :: ('MESH:D060048', 'Disease') :: ['capital femoral epiphysis']

answer: @entity4039 :: (MESH:D060048,Disease) :: ['capital femoral epiphysis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the relations between clinically recognized lumbar @entity612 and the conclusions of masked radiologists and electrodiagnosticians. DESIGN: Prospective, masked, double-controlled trial. SETTING: University spine center. @entity1 : One hundred fifty @entity1 age 55 to 80 years with or without @entity615 and with or without magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-demonstrated @entity850 , screened for @entity16 risk, previous surgery, or @entity5 . INTERVENTIONS: Questionnaires on @entity158 and function; ambulation testing and physical examination; and masked electrodiagnotics and MRI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Diagnostic impressions of the examining clinician, radiologist, and electrodiagnostician. RESULTS: Following application of post hoc exclusion criteria and elimination of @entity1 due to incomplete or inadequate test data, the clinical diagnosis was lumbar @entity850 in 50 subjects, @entity615 in 44 subjects, and no @entity158 in 32 subjects. Radiologic and clinical impression had no relation (P = .80 vs asymptomatic, P = .99 vs @entity615 controls). Electrodiagnostic impression trended to relate to clinical impression (P = .14 vs asymptomatic, P = .09 vs @entity615 ). Retrospective application of age-related electrodiagnostic norms for paraspinal electromyographic and limb motor unit changes, established in this study, reclassified 13 of the 17 asymptomatic @entity1 whom the electrodiagnostician thought had @entity850 . The clinical impression did correspond to history and physical examination findings typically associated with @entity612 and to the independent impression of a neurosurgeon who examined MRI and clinical, but not to the electrodiagnostic data. CONCLUSIONS: The impression obtained from an MRI scan does not determine whether lumbar @entity850 is a cause of @entity158 . Electrodiagnostic consultation may be useful, especially if age-related norms obtained in this study are applied.

title: XXXX , or no symptoms at all? A masked study comparing radiologic and electrodiagnostic diagnoses to the clinical impression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['Spinal stenosis, back pain']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics and risk factors of postradiation @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) in @entity1 with @entity5 . We reviewed the medical records of 126 @entity1 who received definitive radiotherapy (RT) for @entity5 between 2003 and 2009 at our institution. Among them, 99 @entity1 who underwent at least one computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis during their follow-up at more than 6 months were included in this analysis. The relationship between the incidence of @entity1642 and several @entity1 - and treatment-related factors was analyzed. The median follow-up period was 21 months. Of the 126 @entity1 , 33 (with a total of 50 lesions) were diagnosed with @entity1642 . The 2-year cumulative incidence was 32%. Univariate analysis showed that age >= 70 years (P= 0.0010), postmenopausal state (P = 0.0013), and lower CT density of bone and bone marrow (P= 0.020) significantly related to @entity1642 . In a multivariate analysis, of the 59 @entity1 whose CT densities were evaluable, lower CT density was the only significant factor associated with @entity1642 (P = 0.0026). In conclusion, postradiation PIFs were detected in a considerable number of @entity1 after @entity5 . Predisposing factors were older age, postmenopausal state, and decreased density of bone and bone marrow on CT.

title: XXXX after definitive radiotherapy for @entity5 : retrospective analysis of risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['PIF', 'pelvic insufficiency fracture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['definitive RT for cervical cancer', 'uterine cervical cancer']

answer: @entity1642 :: (MESH:D015775,Disease) :: ['Pelvic insufficiency fracture']


abstract: 31 @entity1 with @entity453 (11 @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity4148 . 10 @entity1 with @entity6 without @entity16 , and 10 @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity741 ) participated in a study designed to investigate whether there is a difference in forearm skeletal muscle @entity63 and @entity158 threshold. The degree of @entity63 was determined by plethysmographically measured @entity450 . There was no difference in maximum @entity450 after @entity63 of 5-min duration in the three groups. After symptom-limited @entity63 work, there was significantly more @entity450 in @entity1 with @entity741 as compared to @entity6 @entity1 . Exercise time was longer in @entity1 with @entity741 (153 +/- 51 s) than in @entity1 with @entity3949 (139 +/- 45 s) and @entity6 without @entity16 (120 +/- 45 s). @entity158 as a cause of termination of symptom-limited @entity63 forearm exercise occurred less frequently in @entity1 with @entity3949 (2/11) and @entity1 with @entity741 (3/10) as compared to @entity1 with @entity6 without @entity16 . @entity1 with @entity741 had a higher @entity63 tolerance in the @entity63 working forearm than did @entity6 @entity1 with and without @entity16 . In @entity1 with @entity16 , however, @entity158 occurred less frequently at the same @entity63 work level compared to @entity6 without @entity16 . Therefore, @entity3949 appears to facilitate the occurrence of @entity741 . The data presented here suggest that there is a qualitative difference in @entity63 tolerance between @entity1 with @entity741 and @entity1 with @entity3949 .

title: [Comparison of @entity158 threshold and XXXX in @entity4148 and @entity741 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['passive forearm ischemia', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['reactive hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['silent myocardial ischemia', 'myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'ischemic pain']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity450 :: (MESH:D006940,Disease) :: ['reactive hyperemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of daily single-dose use of @entity8726 , @entity3522 , and @entity12803 on @entity158 , @entity4 , and trismus that occur after surgical extraction of impacted wisdom teeth using local anesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study included 3 groups with 30 @entity1 in each group. Those volunteering to participate in this double-blind randomized study (n  = 90) were selected from a @entity1 population with an indication for extraction of impacted wisdom teeth. Group 1 @entity1 received 200  mg @entity8726 , group 2 @entity1 received 100  mg @entity3522 , and group 3 @entity1 received 20  mg @entity12803 . All doses were once a day, starting preoperatively. @entity158 was evaluated postoperatively at 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, and 24  hours and at 2 and 7  days using a visual analog scale (VAS). For comparison with the preoperative measurements, the @entity1 were invited to postoperative follow-up visits 2 and 7  days after extraction to evaluate for @entity4 and trismus. The statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics in SAS, version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC), software. Statistical analysis of the @entity158 , @entity4 , and trismus data was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U tests. The statistical level of significance was accepted at P  = .05 and power of 0.80. RESULTS: Clinically, @entity12803 showed better analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy compared with @entity3522 and, in particular, @entity8726 . Although the VAS scores in the evaluation of @entity158 showed statistically significant differences at 2  days, no statistically significant difference was found for @entity4 and trismus. CONCLUSIONS: Our study evaluated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects with a daily single dose of @entity8726 , @entity3522 , and @entity12803 . Daily 20  mg @entity12803 can be accepted as an adequate and safe option for @entity1 after a surgical procedure.

title: Comparison of the Effects of Daily Single-Dose Use of @entity8726 , @entity3522 , and @entity12803 on Postoperative Pain, XXXX , and Trismus: A Randomized Double-Blind Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac sodium']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity12803 :: ('MESH:C032801', 'Chemical') :: ['tenoxicam']

entities_list: @entity8726 :: ('MESH:D005480', 'Chemical') :: ['flurbiprofen']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['Swelling']


abstract: QUESTION: Can the risk of developing @entity260 be predicted after upper abdominal surgery? DESIGN: Prospective observational study. @entity1 : 268 consecutive @entity1 undergoing elective upper abdominal surgery who received standardised pre- and postoperative prophylactic respiratory physiotherapy. OUTCOME MEASURES: Predictors were 17 preoperative and intraoperative risk factors. A @entity260 was diagnosed when four or more of the following criteria were present: radiological evidence of collapse/consolidation, temperature > 38 degrees C, oxyhaemoglobin saturation < 90%, abnormal sputum production, sputum culture indicating infection, raised white cell count, abnormal auscultation findings, or physician's diagnosis of @entity358 . RESULTS: 35 @entity1 (13%) developed @entity260 . Five risk factors predicted @entity260 : duration of anaesthesia (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.7 to 10.8); surgical category (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.7); current smoking ( @entity3122 , 95% CI 1.0 to 4.5); respiratory co-morbidity ( @entity3122 , 95% CI 1.0 to 4.4); and predicted maximal @entity26 uptake (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.0 to 4.3). A clinical rule for predicting the development of @entity260 predicted 82% of @entity1 who developed complications. The odds of high risk @entity1 developing @entity358 were 8.4 (95% CI 3.3 to 21.3) times that of low risk @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This clinical rule for predicting the risk of developing @entity260 from five risk factors may prove useful in prioritising postoperative respiratory physiotherapy. Further research is needed to validate the rule.

title: Duration of anaesthesia, type of surgery, respiratory co-morbidity, predicted VO2max and smoking predict XXXX after upper abdominal surgery: an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pulmonary complications', 'postoperative pulmonary complication']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications', 'pulmonary complication']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative pulmonary complications']


abstract: In 1974, Markesbery et al. thoroughly characterized and reported a large kindred with distal muscle weakness of late adult-onset that was autosomal dominantly inherited. Clinical evidence supported @entity121 rather than the usual @entity16 expected with @entity425 . Postmortem examination of two @entity1 documented @entity121 and excluded @entity4681 or @entity1897 as the cause. Distinctive morphologic changes were present in muscle. Widely accepted as a distinct disease entity, this disorder has recently been characterized as one of a group of @entity121 resulting from mutations in several muscle proteins. Studies of members of the original family have now identified the molecular defect to be a mutation in @entity26787 , Z-band alternatively spliced PDZ-motif-containing protein. The specific mutation, @entity26788 , was identified in all clinical affected family members by direct sequencing. Thus, @entity66 is a zaspopathy. Other families have been identified with the same mutation and a shared haplotype indicating a founder effect.

title: XXXX : autosomal dominant late-onset distal myopathy: from phenotype to @entity26787 gene identification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Markesbery disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['distal weakness']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['anterior horn cell disease']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myofibrillar myopathies', 'myopathy']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Markesbery disease']


abstract: A total of 394 @entity1 with advanced, measurable squamous @entity2622 and no prior chemotherapy were randomized to therapy with either @entity3003 or @entity15985 . There were 23 @entity1 ineligible for the study and 10 @entity1 who were not evaluable; the remaining 361 @entity1 were evaluable for response and adverse effects. Randomization was well balanced for age, performance status, and prior therapy. Both @entity902 analogs were given every 28 days with starting doses of 400 mg/m2 for @entity3003 (340 mg/m2 if the @entity1 underwent prior radiation) and 270 mg/m2 for @entity15985 (230 mg/m2 if the @entity1 underwent prior radiation). These doses are equivalent to @entity900 doses of 75 to 100 mg/m2. @entity1503 was dose-limiting, among which @entity882 was slightly more common than @entity1431 . @entity344 was also prominent with both agents; however, @entity15985 was significantly more toxic than @entity3003 (P less than .001). @entity1897 were absent or infrequent with both analogs. No electrolyte abnormalities were observed. The percentage of planned dosages that were actually administered was 100% of @entity3003 doses and 85% of @entity15985 doses (P less than .0001). The reduction in @entity15985 dose was apparently due to @entity344 . Response rates were similar for both agents (15% for @entity3003 , 11% for @entity15985 ) and appear to be inferior to those noted with the parent compound, @entity900 .

title: A randomized comparative trial of @entity3003 and @entity15985 in advanced squamous XXXX : a Gynecologic Oncology Group study.

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the uterine cervix']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity', 'Gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Renal, otic, and peripheral nervous system toxicities']

entities_list: @entity15985 :: ('MESH:C023359', 'Chemical') :: ['iproplatin']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the uterine cervix']


abstract: The identification of molecular markers, useful for therapeutic decisions in @entity788 @entity1 , is crucial for advances in disease management. @entity136 , although a cornerstone of current therapy, has limited efficacy. @entity4736 is a key molecule for @entity136 efficacy and is also involved in @entity5 progression. We determined in situ @entity4736 and @entity11833 ( @entity11833 ) protein levels in 68 @entity788 @entity1 . All had R0 resections without preoperative therapy. Protein levels were determined by automated quantitative analysis (AQUA), a fluorescence-based immunohistochemical method. The relationship between protein expressions and clinical outcomes, including response to @entity136 at the time of disease recurrence, was determined. @entity1 with high @entity4736 showed significantly better overall survival than @entity1 with low expression (P=0.0196). There was a trend toward better overall survival for @entity1 with high @entity11833 (P=0.0552). When both markers were considered together, @entity1 with both high @entity4736 and @entity11833 faired the best in terms of overall and disease-free survival (P=0.0066, P=0.0127). In addition, treatment benefit from @entity136 in @entity1 with disease recurrence was observed only in @entity1 with low @entity4736 . The combination of @entity4736 and @entity11833 expression is prognostic in @entity788 @entity1 after a complete resection. On disease recurrence, only @entity1 with low @entity4736 derive benefit from @entity136 .

title: Significance of XXXX and @entity11833 expression in resectable @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity11833 :: ('2067', 'Gene') :: ['ERCC1', 'excision repair cross complementation group 1']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity4736 :: (6240,Gene) :: ['RRM1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a group of 22 @entity1 with @entity323 , vasculogenic, neurogenic, endocrinologic or psychogenic investigations failed to find a cause for their @entity323 . The electro-cavernosograms of these @entity1 recorded a diminished activity. We investigated the hypothesis that diminished corpus cavernosum electromyography activity was the cause of @entity323 in these @entity1 . METHODS: The study comprised the above mentioned 22 @entity1 (study group, 43.8 +/- 5.9 SD years) and 15 healthy volunteers (control group, 41.8 +/- 5.1 SD years). The electro-cavernosograms were recorded in the flaccid, erectile and detumescent phases by 2 electrodes inserted into the corpus cavernosum. RESULTS: The electro-cavernosogram of the healthy volunteers registered in the flaccid phase regular slow waves and random action potentials. The wave variables declined significantly in the erectile phase (p < 0.01). In the study group, the slow wave variables in the flaccid phase exhibited a significant decrease (p < 0.05) compared to the healthy volunteers, and the rhythm was irregular. Erection did not occur with @entity7855 administration or intracavernosal papaverine injection, and penile implant was performed. Biopsy examination showed @entity121 , and fragmented collagen and elastic fibers with areas of @entity82 . CONCLUSION: A novel concept of the cause of @entity323 was presented. Corpora cavernosa showed degenerative changes on histopathologic examination and exhibited diminished electromyography activity. They did not respond to @entity7855 administration or intracavernosal papaverine injection. Penile implants were the only treatment. The condition is given the name 'hypoactive corpus cavernosum'. The cause of corpus cavernosum degenerative changes needs further study.

title: The hypoactive corpora cavernosa with XXXX : a new syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['degenerated muscle fibers']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['degenerative erectile dysfunction']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of alpha-radioimmunotherapy of @entity43 in @entity19 using different fractionated treatment regimens. The study was performed using the monoclonal antibody MX35 F(ab')(2) labeled with the alpha-particle emitter (211)At. Methods. @entity19 were intraperitoneally inoculated with ~1 x 10(7) cells of the cell line NIH:OVCAR-3. Four weeks later 6 groups of animals were given 400 kBq (211)At-MX35 F(ab')(2) as a single or as a repeated treatment of up to 6 times (n = 18 in each group). The fractionated treatments were given every seventh day. Control animals were treated with unlabeled MX35 F(ab')(2) (n = 12). Eight weeks posttreatment the animals were sacrificed and the presence of macro- and microscopic @entity5 and @entity843 was determined. Results. The @entity5 -free fractions (TFFs) of the animals, defined as the fraction of animals with no macro- and microtumors and no @entity843 , were 0.17, 0.11, 0.39, 0.44, 0.44, and 0.67 when treated with 400 kBq (211)At-MX35 F(ab')(2) once or 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 times, respectively. Repeated treatment 3 times or more resulted in a significantly higher (P < .05) TFF than compared to treatment once or twice. The presence of @entity843 decreased from 15 out of 18 animals in the group given only one treatment to zero for the 2 groups given 5 or 6 fractions. Treatment with unlabeled MX35 F(ab')(2) resulted in a TFF of zero. Conclusion. Weekly repeated intraperitoneal injections of tolerable amounts of activity of (211)At-MX35 F(ab')(2) of up to 6 times produced increased therapeutic efficacy without observed @entity137 , indicating a potential increase of the therapeutic index.

title: Repeated Intraperitoneal alpha-Radioimmunotherapy of @entity43 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: The genetic polymorphisms of @entity4187 and @entity9164 genes among 100 Japanese @entity1 with @entity957 (SCC) were investigated to evaluate the role of genetic susceptibility in @entity1697 . The presence of the rare homozygote of @entity4187 , m2/m2, was significantly more frequent in the @entity1 group (15.0%) than the control group (8.0%) (Odds ratio (ORs) = 3.6 95% Confidential Interval (CI): 1.4-9.5). The heterozygotic variant, m1/m2, was also frequently seen in oral SCC @entity1 . This meant that the m2 allele was observed in more than half of the @entity1 . The null genotype of @entity9164 was found in 43.0% of the @entity1 group. This was not significantly different from the controls (40.0%). When the life time cigarette consumption dose of the @entity1 was considered with respect to genotypes of @entity4187 , the mean smoking index (SI) of oral SCC @entity1 with m2/m2 was found to be less than half of the mean SI among the @entity1 with m1/m1 genotype (P < 0.02). The ORs of the m2/m2 genotype was found to be significantly high in a comparison of various subsites of the oral cavity, except for the floor of the mouth. Our results indicate that the rare homozygote of @entity4187 , m2/m2, is associated with increased risk of oral SCC, in particular, at low cigarette dose levels. The results also suggested that the involvement of such susceptibility in @entity105 might be different between the subsites of the oral cavity.

title: Polymorphisms of the @entity4187 and @entity9164 gene involved in XXXX in association with a cigarette dose.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis of the oral cavity']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['oral carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The demand on antigen binding reagents in research, diagnostics and therapy raises questions for novel antibody formats as well as appropriate production systems. Recently, the novel single chain Fab (scFab) antibody format combining properties of single chain Fv ( @entity10390 ) and Fab fragments was produced in the Gram-negative bacterium @entity526 . In this study we evaluated the Gram-positive bacterium @entity3882 for the recombinant production of scFab and scFvs in comparison to @entity526 . RESULTS: The lysozyme specific D1.3 scFab was produced in @entity3882 and @entity526 . The total yield of the scFab after purification obtained from the periplasmic fraction and culture supernatant of @entity526 was slightly higher than that obtained from culture supernatant of @entity3882 . However, the yield of functional scFab determined by analyzing the antigen binding activity was equally in both production systems. Furthermore, a @entity10390 fragment with specificity for the @entity1 @entity1851 was produced in @entity3882 . The total yield of the anti-CRP @entity10390 produced in @entity3882 was slightly lower compared to @entity526 , whereas the specific activity of the purified scFvs produced in @entity3882 was higher compared to @entity526 . CONCLUSION: @entity3882 allows the secretory production of antibody fragments including the novel scFab antibody format. The yield and quality of functional antibody fragment is comparable to the periplasmic production in @entity526 .

title: Production of single chain Fab (scFab) fragments in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3882 :: ('1404', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus megaterium', 'B. megaterium']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein']

answer: @entity3882 :: (1404,Species) :: ['Bacillus megaterium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12563 ( @entity12563 ) is a genodermatosis associated @entity13227 deficit that results in @entity7170 accumulation in various organs, particularly the skin. It is the most severe form of @entity6050 associated with @entity417 and cutaneous @entity6337 . We report a severe case of @entity12563 treated by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. CASE REPORT: A one-year-old @entity1 presented erythrodontia and @entity2318 on exposed areas. The diagnosis of @entity12563 was confirmed by the decline of @entity13227 activity. Demonstration of @entity25493 mutation confirmed the severity of the disease. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation resulted in persistent resolution of clinical signs 25  months after grafting. DISCUSSION: Symptomatic treatment is ineffective in this serious disease associated with early mortality. 11  of the 13  @entity1 treated by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell graft, including our @entity1 , continued to be asymptomatic an average of seven years after transplantation. CONCLUSION: This new case confirms the role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell grafting in the treatment of @entity12563 .

title: [Congenital erythropoeietic XXXX treated by haematopoietic stem cell allograft].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity12563 :: ('MESH:D017092', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital erythropoietic porphyria', 'congenital erythropoietic porphyria', 'CEP']

entities_list: @entity13227 :: ('7390', 'Gene') :: ['uroporphyrinogen III synthase']

entities_list: @entity6337 :: ('MESH:D017484', 'Disease') :: ['phototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['haemolytic anaemia']

entities_list: @entity7170 :: ('CHEBI:8337', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrin']

entities_list: @entity25493 :: ('p|SUB|C|73|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Cys73Arg']

entities_list: @entity6050 :: ('MESH:D011164', 'Disease') :: ['porphyria']

answer: @entity6050 :: (MESH:D011164,Disease) :: ['porphyria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to assess the relevance of serum D-dimer measurement as a possible reliable marker for the diagnosis of strangulated @entity1944 . METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 admitted with nontraumatic @entity344 were recruited prospectively in a tertiary referral hospital. The study was conducted in 159 @entity1 between August 2002 and April 2004. D-dimer, @entity880 dehydrogenase, serum amylase, and international normalized ratio (INR) levels were tested in the emergency room prior to surgical intervention. For each @entity1 , 15 variables, including D-dimer, were available for analysis. RESULTS: Thirty-three (20.7%) of the 159 @entity1 had @entity63 , and 28 (85%) of these 33 @entity1 had D-dimer level > 300 ng/ml. Plasma levels of D-dimer in @entity1 with @entity63 were significantly higher than in @entity1 without @entity63 (P < 0.05). There were 29 (18.2%) @entity1 in the @entity547 group with incarceration (n = 22) or strangulation requiring resection (n = 7). D-dimer levels in @entity1 requiring intestinal resection were insignificantly higher than in @entity1 without resection (P > 0.05). Six (85%) of the 7 @entity547 @entity1 requiring resection had D-dimer levels > 360 ng/ml. The D-dimer variable correlated best with the leukocyte count in @entity1 with @entity547 requiring resection. Levels of @entity880 dehydrogenase, serum amylase, and INR did not show any correlation with D-dimer levels. CONCLUSIONS: To help predict @entity63 events, the increasing use of the D-dimer assay in clinical practice could be extended to @entity1 presenting with @entity1944 . An elevated D-dimer level on admission had a high sensitivity for identifying @entity1 with @entity63 , although it had a low specificity. Whether it is predictive or preventive for resection in strangulated @entity1944 @entity1 still remains a question.

title: Is D-dimer a predictor of strangulated XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal hernia', 'intestinal emergencies']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal ischemia', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['acute abdominal gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity1944 :: (MESH:D007410,Disease) :: ['intestinal hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Decompression and spinal fusion have been generally recommended for spinal @entity850 associated with low-grade degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS), although this is still controversial. The purpose of the present study is to analyze the clinical and radiological outcomes of interspinous dynamic stabilization using the Locker (WINNOVA co, Seoul, Korea) for @entity2649 with grade I DS. METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective review of 23 consecutive @entity1 who underwent single level decompression and the Locker application for @entity2649 with grade I DS and were followed up for at least 2 years. Excluded were those with DS grade II or higher and DS combined with foraminal disc herniation/ @entity850 . The mean age of @entity1 at the time of surgery was 62.1 years (range: 45-81 years). RESULTS: There were no complications in the perioperative period. At a mean follow-up duration of 28.3 months (range: 24-32 months), visual analogue scale scores for back @entity158 , @entity158 , and @entity717 index had decreased significantly; from 4.6, 7.2, and 38.5% to 2.4, 2.6, and 15.3%, respectively. Clinical success was achieved in 87% of the @entity1 . The mean percentage of slippage did not change significantly. The mean sagittal rotation angle significantly decreased from 9.7 to 6.5 degrees (p=0.01). One @entity1 (4.3%) underwent secondary fusion surgery due to persistent @entity158 . CONCLUSIONS: Decompression and interspinous dynamic stabilization using the Locker yielded favorable clinical and radiological outcomes for @entity2649 with grade I DS and could be an alternative for spinal fusion. However, further long-term follow-up studies are necessary.

title: Decompression and interspinous dynamic stabilization using the locker for XXXX associated with low-grade degenerative spondylolisthesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar canal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'leg pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry disability']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['lumbar canal stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data from @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ) who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy before resection were reviewed and evaluated to see whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy influences the predictive outcome of R1 resections (margin is 0 mm) in @entity1 with @entity14 . METHODS: Between January 2000 and December 2008, all consecutive @entity1 undergoing liver resection for @entity14 were analyzed. @entity1 were divided into those who did and did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The outcome after R0 ( @entity5 -free margin >0 mm) and R1 ( @entity5 -free margin 0 mm) resection was compared. RESULTS: A total of 264 were eligible for analysis. Median follow-up was 34 months. @entity1 without chemotherapy showed a significant difference in median disease-free survival (DFS) after R0 or R1 resection: 17 [95% confidence interval (CI) 10-24] months versus 8 (95% CI 4-12) months (P < 0.001), whereas in @entity1 with neoadjuvant chemotherapy the difference in DFS between R0 and R1 resection was not significant: 18 (95% CI 10-26) months versus 9 (95% CI 0-20) months (P = 0.303). @entity1 without chemotherapy showed a significant difference in median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) after R0 or R1 resection: 53 (95% CI 40-66) months versus 30 (95% CI 13-47) months (P < 0.001). In @entity1 with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the median @entity1349 showed no significant difference: 65 (95% CI 39-92) months for the R0 group versus the R1 group, in whom the median @entity1349 was not reached (P = 0.645). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, R1 resection was of no predictive value for DFS and @entity1349 .

title: Outcome of microscopic incomplete resection (R1) of XXXX in the era of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRLM', 'colorectal liver metastases']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal liver metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Deletion and the reciprocal duplication in 16p11.2 were recently associated with @entity2438 and @entity245 . METHOD: We indentified 27 deletions and 18 duplications of 16p11.2 were identified in 0.6% of all samples submitted for clinical array-CGH (comparative genomic hybridisation) analysis. Detailed molecular and phenotypic characterisations were performed on 17 deletion subjects and ten subjects with the duplication. RESULTS: The most common clinical manifestations in 17 deletion and 10 duplication subjects were speech/language delay and @entity73 . Other phenotypes in the deletion @entity1 included @entity1957 (50%), @entity410 ( approximately 40%), behavioural problems ( approximately 40%), @entity154 ( approximately 30%), and @entity2438 ( approximately 20%). The phenotypes among duplication @entity1 included @entity1957 (6/10), behavioural problems (especially @entity71 ( @entity71 )) (6/10), @entity154 (5/10), and @entity410 (3/10). @entity1 with the 16p11.2 deletion had statistically significant @entity4651 (p<0.0017) and 6 of the 10 @entity1 with the duplication had @entity4242 . One subject with the deletion was asymptomatic and another with the duplication had a normal cognitive and behavioural phenotype. Genomic analyses revealed additional complexity to the 16p11.2 region with mechanistic implications. The chromosomal rearrangement was de novo in all but 2 of the 10 deletion cases in which parental studies were available. Additionally, 2 de novo cases were apparently mosaic for the deletion in the analysed blood sample. Three de novo and 2 inherited cases were observed in the 5 of 10 duplication @entity1 where data were available. CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent reciprocal 16p11.2 deletion and duplication are characterised by a spectrum of primarily neurocognitive phenotypes that are subject to incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. The @entity2438 and @entity4651 observed with deletion and @entity71 and @entity4242 seen in duplication @entity1 support a diametric model of @entity2438 spectrum and @entity716 spectrum behavioural phenotypes in genomic sister disorders.

title: Recurrent reciprocal 16p11.2 rearrangements associated with XXXX , behavioural problems, dysmorphism, epilepsy, and abnormal head size.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['motor delay']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity4651 :: ('MESH:D058627', 'Disease') :: ['macrocephaly']

answer: @entity245 :: (MESH:D002658,Disease) :: ['global developmental delay']


abstract: Vocal fold lesions related to @entity792 are rheumatoid nodules and, to a lesser extent, bamboo nodes. Mostly transverse, they are located in the middle third of the vocal cord and exhibit a yellowish appearance. The characteristic shape of these lesions led to their name. These vocal fold deposits may interfere with the normal vibratory cycle during phonation and thus may be an unusual cause of hoarseness. We present a 43-year-old @entity1 with known @entity2406 and a @entity7364 . Laryngostroboscopy showed bamboo nodes as described above. We applied several laryngeal injections of @entity821 as described previously in the literature. Since this treatment did not lead to a sufficient voice improvement, we attempted to surgically remove the deposits. After the surgery, the voice improved considerably. In all @entity1 with @entity627 who suffer from a rough, breathy, or unstable voice, a laryngostroboscopic examination should be done. If, however, a bamboo node lesion of the vocal folds is found by the laryngologists, an associated @entity792 must be assumed, and adequate diagnostic procedures have to be initiated. Local laryngeal injections (1-3 times) with @entity230 should be the first line of therapy. In unsuccessful cases, subsequent surgery can be a useful treatment of bamboo nodes to stabilize and improve voice quality.

title: Bamboo nodes associated with XXXX as a cause of hoarseness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['dysphonia']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorder', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity2406 :: ('MESH:D008947', 'Disease') :: ['mixed connective tissue disease']

answer: @entity2406 :: (MESH:D008947,Disease) :: ['mixed connective tissue disease']


abstract: Bone cement is a good and cheap option for some ossicular chain problems such as incudostapedial re-bridging. The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the audiologic results after reconstruction of three different types of @entity154 , using bone cement. Group 1 consists of 42 @entity1 who underwent an ossiculoplasty using bone cement between the damaged long process of the incus and an intact stapes superstructure. Group 2 consists of 46 @entity1 in which incus interposition between malleus and stapes superstructure was performed, using bone cement to fix the interposed incus. For group 3, consisting of 32 @entity1 who had a present malleus, a defective long process of the incus and a missing stapes superstructure, a re-shaped incus was placed between the stapes footplate and the @entity79 was again used as a fixator. Preoperative and postoperative pure-tone audiometric findings were obtained and hearing differences were assessed. The mean preoperative and postoperative air-bone gaps were 34.8 and 15.6, 35 and 18.4, and 43.4 and 19.8 for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. There was a significant improvement in hearing outcomes in all the groups when comparing preoperative and postoperative mean air-bone gaps (p  <  0.001). The postoperative air-bone gap was  <=20  dB in 76  % of @entity1 in group 1, 64  % of @entity1 in group 2, and 46  % of @entity1 in group 3. Bone cement is an effective and cheap option for some ossicular chain problems such as incudostapedial re-bridging. It may also be used to fix the interposed incus to the stapes superstructure and/or malleus to avert displacement.

title: The use of bone cement for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['ossicular chain defects']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['malleus and bone cement']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['ossicular chain defects']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective case series. OBJECTIVE: To identify the overall reoperation rate and factors contributing to reoperation in a recent 5-year cohort of @entity1 (2003-2007) undergoing @entity85 surgery. These @entity1 were compared with a previously published 15-year cohort of consecutive @entity1 (1988-2002) from the same institution to assess for any significant differences in reoperation rates. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: In a previously published report from this institution, the reoperation rate for @entity1 with @entity2112 treated during a 15-year period (1988-2002) was 12.9%. That group was predominantly treated with first-generation TSRH (Medtronic, Memphis, @entity7443 ) implants and @entity1050 implants. Lower profile, more rigid implant systems are now used along with refined techniques for correction of @entity85 . We hypothesized that these factors would lead to lower rates of reoperation. METHODS.: The medical records of 452 consecutive @entity1 (older than 9 yr) surgically treated for @entity2112 at one institution during 5 years (2003-2007) were reviewed to identify those who required reoperation. RESULTS: The reoperation rate for this cohort was 7.5% (34 of 452 @entity1 ). Compared with the prior cohort, significant decreases were noted with regard to total reoperation rate as well as reoperation due to @entity281 and @entity1516 . Trends were noted toward decreased rates of reoperation due to prominent implants, dislodged implants, and implant proximity to vital structures. Within the newer cohort, a trend toward decreased reoperation rate was also noted for lower profile implant systems compared with first-generation TSRH implants. CONCLUSION: With the evolution of newer lower profile segmental implant systems that provide more rigid fixation and with the advancements in techniques for deformity correction, the repeat surgical intervention rate for @entity2112 has decreased.

title: Repeat surgical interventions following "definitive" instrumentation and fusion for XXXX : five-year update on a previously published cohort.

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity', 'scoliosis deformity']

answer: @entity2112 :: (MESH:C564593,Disease) :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The multi-stage hypothesis suggests that @entity5 develop through a single defined series of genetic alterations. This hypothesis was first suggested over 50 years ago based upon age-specific incidence data. However, recent molecular studies of @entity5 indicate that multiple routes exist to the formation of @entity5 , not a single route. This parallel route hypothesis has not been tested with age-specific incidence data. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To test the parallel route hypothesis, I formulated it in terms of a mathematical equation and then tested whether this equation was consistent with age-specific incidence data compiled by the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) @entity5 registries since 1973. I used the chi-squared goodness of fit test to measure consistency. The age-specific incidence data from most @entity1 @entity189 , including those of the colon, lung, prostate, and breast were consistent with the parallel route hypothesis. However, this hypothesis is only consistent if an immune sub-population exists, one that will never develop @entity189 . Furthermore, @entity0 has two distinct forms of the disease, and one of these occurs at significantly different rates in different racial groups. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: I conclude that the parallel route hypothesis is consistent with the age-specific incidence data only if @entity189 occurs in a distinct sub population, while the multi-stage hypothesis is inconsistent with this data.

title: Parallel routes of @entity1 XXXX development: implications of the age-specific incidence data.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: @entity460 ions ( @entity141 ) are versatile messengers that need to be tidily regulated in time and space in order to create a large number of signals. The coupling between @entity141 entry and @entity141 refilling is playing a central role in this @entity141 homeostasis. Since the capacitative @entity141 entry has been described, different mechanisms have been proposed in order to explain how the @entity141 entry could be under control of intracellular store @entity141 depletion. Today, in addition of @entity7010 and @entity7011 , the two major elements of SOCe, increasing attention is put on the role of the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC), that can form protein clusters with @entity7011 , and Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum @entity141 ATPases (SERCAs), that refill the stores and are also located in the same environment than SOC clusters. Altogether, these proteins elaborate either @entity141 microdomains in the vicinity of the membrane or larger @entity141 increases overtaking the whole cell. The coupling between @entity141 entry and @entity141 refilling can possibly act much further away from the plasma membrane. @entity141 , uptaken by SERCAs, have been described to move faster and further in the ER than in the cytosol and to create specific signal that depends on @entity141 entry but at longer distance from it. The complexity of such created @entity141 currents resides in the heteromeric nature of channels as well as the presence of different intracellular stores controlled by SERCA2b and @entity26478 , respectively. A role for mitochondria has also been explored. To date, mitochondria are other crucial compartments that play an important role in @entity141 homeostasis. Although mitochondria mostly interact with intracellular stores, coupling of @entity141 entry and mitochondria cannot be completely rule out.

title: The @entity460 Entry- XXXX Refilling Coupling.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6701 is a widely used nanomaterial whose photo-reactivity suggests that it could damage biological targets (e.g., brain) through @entity66 ( @entity66 ). OBJECTIVES: Brain cultures of immortalized @entity19 microglia (BV2), @entity35 dopaminergic (DA) neurons (N27), and primary cultures of embryonic @entity35 striatum, were exposed to Degussa @entity30236 , a commercially available @entity3759 nanomaterial. Physical properties of @entity30236 were measured under conditions that paralleled biological measures. FINDINGS: @entity30236 rapidly aggregated in physiological buffer (800-1,900 nm; 25 degrees C) and exposure media (approximately 330 nm; 37 degrees C), and maintained a negative zeta potential in both buffer (-12.2 +/- 1.6 mV) and media (-9.1 +/- 1.2 mV). BV2 microglia exposed to @entity30236 (2.5-120 ppm) responded with an immediate and prolonged release of reactive @entity26 species (ROS). Hoechst nuclear stain was reduced after 24-hr (>or=100 ppm) and 48-hr (>or=2.5 ppm) exposure. Microarray analysis on @entity30236 -exposed BV2 microglia indicated up-regulation of inflammatory, apoptotic, and cell cycling pathways and down-regulation of energy metabolism. @entity30236 (2.5-120 ppm) stimulated increases of intracellular @entity855 and @entity4124 /7 activity in isolated N27 neurons (24-48 hr) but did not produce @entity137 after 72-hr exposure. Primary cultures of @entity35 striatum exposed to @entity30236 (5 ppm) showed a reduction of immunohistochemically stained neurons and microscopic evidence of neuronal apoptosis after 6-hr exposure. These findings indicate that @entity30236 stimulates ROS in BV2 microglia and is nontoxic to isolated N27 neurons. However, @entity30236 rapidly damages neurons at low concentrations in complex brain cultures, plausibly though microglial generated ROS.

title: Nanosize XXXX stimulates reactive @entity26 species in brain microglia and damages neurons in vitro.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'oxidative stress']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['Titanium dioxide']

answer: @entity6701 :: (MESH:C009495,Chemical) :: ['titanium dioxide']


abstract: Aquatic stability and impact of @entity6701 nanoparticles ( @entity3759 NPs, 10-30  nm) were investigated using Artemia salina. Acute exposure was conducted on nauplii (larvae) and adults in seawater in a concentration range from 10 to 100  mg/L @entity3759 NPs for 24 and 96  h. @entity1423 occurred in all suspensions of @entity3759 NPs to form micrometer size particles. Yet, both nauplii and adults accumulated the aggregates significantly. Average @entity3759 content in nauplii ranged from 0.47 to 3.19 and from 1.29 to 4.43  mg/g in 24 and 96  h, respectively. Accumulation in adults was higher ranging from 2.30 to 4.19 and from 4.38 to 6.20  mg/g in 24 and 96  h, respectively. Phase contrast microscopy images revealed that Artemia were unable to excrete the particles. Thus, the @entity3759 aggregates filled inside the guts. No significant mortality or @entity137 occurred within 24  h at any dose. Lipid peroxidation levels characterized with @entity1234 concentrations were not statistically different from those of the controls (p   >   0.05). These results suggested that suspensions of the @entity3759 NPs were @entity4510 , most likely due to the formation of benign @entity3759 aggregates in water. In contrast, both mortality and lipid peroxidation increased in extended exposure to 96  h. Highest mortality occurred in 100  mg/L @entity3759 NP suspensions; 18  % for nauplii and 14  % for adults (LC50   >   100  mg/L). These effects were attributed to the particle loading inside the guts leading to oxidative stress as a result of @entity73 for a long period of time.

title: Effects of aqueous suspensions of @entity6701 nanoparticles on Artemia salina: assessment of XXXX , accumulation, and @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['Rapid aggregation']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired food uptake']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity4510 :: ('OMIM:138800', 'Disease') :: ['nontoxic to Artemia']

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium dioxide']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['nanoparticle aggregation']


abstract: Importance: Previous studies have shown distinct associations between specific dietary fat and @entity65 . However, evidence on specific dietary fat and mortality remains limited and inconsistent. Objective: To examine the associations of specific dietary @entity10392 with total and cause-specific mortality in 2 large ongoing cohort studies. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : This cohort study investigated 83   349 @entity1 from the Nurses' Health Study (July 1, 1980, to June 30, 2012) and 42   884 @entity1 from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (February 1, 1986, to January 31, 2012) who were free of @entity65 , @entity5 , and types 1 and 2 @entity6 at baseline. Dietary fat intake was assessed at baseline and updated every 2 to 4 years. Information on mortality was obtained from systematic searches of the vital records of states and the National Death Index, supplemented by reports from family members or postal authorities. Data were analyzed from September 18, 2014, to March 27, 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures: Total and cause-specific mortality. Results: During 3   439   954 @entity1 -years of follow-up, 33   304 @entity204 were documented. After adjustment for known and suspected risk factors, dietary total fat compared with total @entity3363 was inversely associated with total mortality (hazard ratio [HR] comparing extreme quintiles, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.81-0.88; P   <   .001 for trend). The HRs of total mortality comparing extreme quintiles of specific dietary @entity10392 were 1.08 (95% CI, 1.03-1.14) for saturated fat, 0.81 (95% CI, 0.78-0.84) for @entity5204 ( @entity5204 ), 0.89 (95% CI, 0.84-0.94) for @entity8981 ( @entity8981 ), and 1.13 (95% CI, 1.07-1.18) for trans-fat (P   <   .001 for trend for all). Replacing 5% of energy from saturated @entity10392 with equivalent energy from @entity5204 and @entity8981 was associated with estimated reductions in total mortality of 27% (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.70-0.77) and 13% (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.82-0.93), respectively. The HR for total mortality comparing extreme quintiles of   -6 @entity5204 intake was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.81-0.89; P   <   .001 for trend). Intake of   -6 @entity5204 , especially @entity4722 , was inversely associated with mortality owing to most major causes, whereas marine   -3 @entity5204 intake was associated with a modestly lower total mortality (HR comparing extreme quintiles, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-1.00; P   =   .002 for trend). Conclusions and Relevance: Different types of dietary @entity10392 have divergent associations with total and cause-specific mortality. These findings support current dietary recommendations to replace saturated fat and trans-fat with unsaturated @entity10392 .

title: Association of Specific Dietary XXXX With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5204 :: ('CHEBI:26208', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acid', 'PUFA']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

entities_list: @entity8981 :: ('CHEBI:25413', 'Chemical') :: ['MUFA', 'monounsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity10392 :: (118611,Gene) :: ['Fats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study examined the prevalence of bone contusions in @entity1 with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury as well as its association with tears of the lateral meniscus, medial meniscus, and @entity10036 ( @entity10036 ). METHODS: Eighty-one @entity1 with an arthroscopy-proven ACL rupture for whom magnetic resonance images (MRI) were acquired within six weeks after the initial @entity130 were examined. The bone contusions on the lateral femoral condyle, lateral aspect of the tibial plateau, medial femoral condyle, and medial aspect of the tibial plateau were documented. The @entity130 was also observed with MRI. The tears of the lateral meniscus and medial meniscus were detected during arthroscopy. The prevalence of lateral meniscus, medial meniscus, and @entity130 was compared with the existence of the bone contusions. RESULTS: Sixty-eight (84%) of the eighty-one knees had bone contusions on magnetic resonance imaging. The prevalence of bone contusions was 68%, 73%, 24%, and 26% in the lateral femoral condyle, lateral aspect of the tibial plateau, medial femoral condyle, and medial aspect of the tibial plateau, respectively. There were two fractures of the posterolateral aspect of the tibial plateau and two fractures of the posteromedial aspect of the tibial plateau. The overall prevalences of injury to the lateral meniscus and medial meniscus were 54% (forty-four of eighty-one) and 51% (forty-one of eighty-one), respectively. The prevalence of @entity130 was 22% (eighteen of eighty-one). The prevalences of lateral meniscus (p = 0.010), medial meniscus (p = 0.011), and @entity10036 (p = 0.066) injuries increased as the @entity79 progressed from being absent, to involving only the lateral compartment, and finally to involving both lateral and medial compartments. CONCLUSIONS: Bone contusions were prevalent in @entity1 with @entity6151 , and injuries of the menisci and the @entity10036 tended to increase with the progression of @entity79 . The contrecoup mechanism of @entity79 on the medial compartment resulting from an ACL injury was supported. These results suggest that a higher-energy injury led to a more extensive @entity79 and a greater prevalence of associated injury of other anatomic structures in the knee.

title: Bone contusion and associated meniscal and @entity10036 injury in XXXX with anterior cruciate ligament rupture.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10036 :: ('MESH:D020423', 'Disease') :: ['MCL', 'medial collateral ligament']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone contusion']

entities_list: @entity6151 :: ('MESH:D057971', 'Disease') :: ['ACL ruptures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury to MCL', 'MCL injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']