abstract: AIM: @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) is associated with frequent cardiovascular @entity63 events. We followed the survival of @entity3657 @entity1 and tested whether @entity3657 remains an adverse prognostic indicator in spite of treatment according to the current European guidelines on @entity65 prevention. METHODS: Eight hundred eleven @entity1 with @entity3657 and 778 control subjects, aged 65 (SD 9) years at inclusion, with a male/female ratio of 3/2 were treated according to the European guidelines on @entity65 prevention and evaluated yearly for occurrence of @entity204 , non-fatal @entity1187 , @entity64 or @entity63 (major events) and revascularization procedures (minor events). At baseline, classical risk factors were significantly more prevalent in the @entity3657 group and protective cardiovascular medication was prescribed to @entity1 with @entity3657 more frequently than to control subjects. RESULTS: In the @entity3657 group, the 2-year Kaplan-Meier survival estimate was 96.7% (CI 95.4-97.9) vs. 98.2% (CI 97.2-99.1) in the control group, P=0.059. The groups differed in the 2-year major event-free survival: 93.5% (CI 92.7-95.3) in @entity3657 vs. 97.1% (CI 95.9-98.4) in controls, P<0.017, as well as in event-free survival: 79.9% (CI 77.1-82.9) in @entity3657 vs.96.4% (CI 95.0-97.9) in controls, P<0.001. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity3657 had a borderline higher risk of all-cause @entity204 and a significantly higher risk of major and minor non-fatal @entity65 compared to control subjects. However, treatment according to the European guidelines on @entity65 prevention resulted in encouragingly low absolute mortality and morbidity. (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00761969.).

title: Prevention of @entity63 events in XXXX with peripheral arterial disease design, baseline characteristics and 2-year results an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral arterial disease', 'PAD']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Adherence and persistence with @entity171 are frequently poor, and stopping, restarting, or switching @entity171 is common. We evaluated @entity5520 change behaviors (switching, discontinuing, or reinitiating) over time, as well as @entity174 and costs, among a large, national cohort of postmenopausal veterans. METHODS: Female veterans aged 50+ treated with @entity171 during 2003-2011 were identified in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) datasets. @entity5520 change behaviors were characterized using pharmacy refill records. @entity1 ' baseline disease severity was characterized based on age, T-score, and prior @entity174 . Cox Proportional Hazard analysis was used to evaluate characteristics associated with discontinuation and the relationship between change behaviors and @entity174 outcomes. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the relationship between change behaviors and cost outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 35,650 @entity1 met eligibility criteria. Over 6800 @entity1 (19.1%) were non-switchers. The remaining @entity1 were in the change cohort; at least half displayed more than one change behavior over time. A strong, significant predictor of discontinuation was >= 5 healthcare visits in the prior year (11-23% more likely to discontinue), and discontinuation risk decreased with increasing age. No change behaviors were associated with increased @entity174 risk. Total costs were significantly higher in @entity1 with change behaviors (4.7-19.7% higher). Change-behavior @entity1 mostly had significantly lower @entity170 -related costs than non-switchers (22%-118% lower). CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity5520 @entity1 discontinue treatment at some point, which did not significantly increase the risk of @entity174 in this majority non-high risk population. @entity5520 change behaviors were associated with significantly lower @entity170 costs, but significantly higher total costs.

title: Analysis of XXXX treatment patterns with @entity171 and outcomes among postmenopausal veterans.

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity5520 :: ('D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['Bisphosphonate', 'bisphosphonate']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Many @entity5 patients take antioxidant vitamin supplements with the hope of improving the outcome of conventional therapies and of reducing the adverse effects of these treatments. A randomized trial was conducted to determine whether supplementation with antioxidant vitamins could reduce the occurrence and severity of acute adverse effects of radiation therapy and improve quality of life without compromising treatment efficacy. @entity1 AND METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial among 540 @entity135 @entity1 treated with radiation therapy. @entity1 were randomly assigned into two arms. The supplementation with @entity1881 (400 IU/d) and @entity2066 (30 mg/d) or placebos was administered during radiation therapy and for 3 years thereafter. During the course of the trial, supplementation with @entity2066 was discontinued because of ethical concerns. RESULTS: @entity1 randomly assigned in the supplement arm tended to have less severe acute adverse effects during radiation therapy (odds ratio [OR], 0.72; 95% CI, 0.52 to 1.02). The reduction was statistically significant when the supplementation combined @entity1881 and @entity2066 for adverse effects to the larynx (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.71) and overall at any site (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.74). Quality of life was not improved by the supplementation. The rate of local recurrence of the @entity135 tended to be higher in the supplement arm of the trial (hazard ratio, 1.37; 95% CI, 0.93 to 2.02). CONCLUSION: Supplementation with high doses of @entity1881 and @entity2066 during radiation therapy could reduce the severity of treatment adverse effects. However, this trial suggests that use of high doses of antioxidants as adjuvant therapy might compromise radiation treatment efficacy.

title: Randomized trial of antioxidant vitamins to prevent acute adverse effects of radiation therapy in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck tumor']

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study examined whether the laser-capture microdissection (LCM) method can achieve separation of urothelial cells from detrusor cells or superficial urothelial cells from intermediate/basal urothelial cells, using a-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and @entity61118 ( @entity61118 ). In addition, we investigated the changes in expression of muscarinic receptors in laser-captured urothelial and detrusor cells in @entity35 with @entity2335 . METHODS: Female SD @entity35 were injected with @entity786 (75  mg/kg) intraperitoneally at day 1, 4, 7 and 10 to induce @entity2335 . Saline was injected in the same protocol for controls. Bladder specimens were cut at 8   m thickness, fixed in 70  % @entity1068 and lightly stained by @entity1710 and @entity1711 , and then superficial urothelium, intermediate/basal urothelium and detrusor muscles were laser-captured separately. Real-time PCR was performed to examine expressions of a-SMA, @entity61118 , muscarinic 2 receptors ( @entity21765 ) and muscarinic 3 receptors (M3R). RESULTS: The expression of a-SMA mRNA in detrusor muscle cells was 200 times higher than that in urothelial cells in controls. @entity61118 mRNA expression in apical urothelial cells was 55 times more than that in detrusor muscle and four times more than that in intermediate/basal urothelial cells. Expressions of M2R and M3R mRNA were increased in urothelial cells and decreased in detrusor muscles following @entity2335 . CONCLUSIONS: The LCM could be useful for tissue collection of detrusor muscle and different layers of urothelial cells with minimal contamination of other cell types, and cell type-specific changes in molecular expression could accurately be analyzed. Increased expression of urothelial MR might enhance urothelial-afferent interactions to induce @entity2182 / @entity158 conditions associated with @entity1494 .

title: Laser-capture microdissection for analysis of cell type-specific gene expression of muscarinic receptor subtypes in the @entity35 bladder with XXXX -induced @entity2335 .

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['chronic cystitis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity21765 :: ('p|SUB|M|2|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['M2R']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['bladder overactivity']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of sonographic elasticity imaging to distinguish acute from chronic @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ). METHODS: Fifty-four @entity1 , 26 with acute @entity1150 and 28 with chronic @entity1150 , were studied, and we analyzed the data in 46 @entity1 , 23 with acute (mean age, 5.7 days) and 23 with chronic (>8 months) @entity1150 . Scanning was performed with a 5-MHz linear array transducer during continuous freehand external deformation of each @entity715 using the ultrasound scan head. The strains in the thrombi were normalized to the average strain between the skin surface and the back wall of the vein. Relative @entity715 echogenicity was measured by comparing the echogenicity of the @entity715 with that of the adjacent arterial lumen. Statistical analyses were performed with the Mann-Whitney U test and receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS: The median normalized strain magnitude for the acute cases was 2.75, with an interquartile range of 2.4 to 3.71, whereas the median normalized strain magnitude for the chronic cases was 0.94, with interquartile range of 0.48 to 1.36. The difference was highly significant (P < 10(-7)). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (A(z)) was 0.97 +/- 0.02 (SE). The echogenicity difference between the populations was highly significant (P < 10(-5)), with A(z) of 0.92 +/- 0.04. The difference between the A(z) values was not significant (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: In this population, sonographic elasticity imaging performs at least as well as @entity715 echogenicity. @entity715 aging using elasticity imaging would be particularly helpful in evaluating symptoms in @entity1 with @entity715 .

title: Sonographic elasticity imaging of acute and chronic XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['post-thrombotic syndrome', 'thrombus', 'Thrombus']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep venous thrombosis']


abstract: In a feeding trial involving dikanut (an African viscous fibre) and cellulose (a particulate fibre), @entity6 @entity35 were maintained for 4 weeks on each of the test fibres. The levels of digestive and membrane-bound enzymes of the intestine, and hepatic glycolytic enzymes were determined. The effect of the supplements on intestinal morphology was also assessed. The two types of dietary fibre caused a general reduction in the levels of all the intestinal enzymes assayed with the effect of dikanut supplementation resulting in more @entity353 . Evidence was obtained for a marked alteration in the intestinal morphology. It was concluded that the reduced absorption of @entity413 resulted in its lowered level in the blood and urine. The disruption of the mucosal membrane may also curtail the absorption of @entity413 . On the other hand, the activities of hepatic glycolytic enzymes became elevated to efficiently utilize the low substrates reaching the liver. The dietary fibres caused a shift away from the depletion of glycogen by the @entity6 @entity35 to synthesis of the storage polysaccharide. The long-term effects of the several adaptive responses resulting in lowered blood @entity413 from feeding these dietary fibre supplements to the @entity6 @entity35 requires further research.

title: Digestive and hepatic enzymes in streptozotocin-induced XXXX @entity35 fed supplements of dikanut (Irvingia gabonensis) and cellulose.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['drastic reductions']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Chinese are more sensitive to beta-blockers than Caucasians. However, data regarding beta-blocker therapy in @entity712 ( @entity712 ) @entity1 in Taiwan are lacking. We aimed to evaluate the improvement of left ventricular function and the potential predictors of response to beta-blocker therapy in Taiwanese @entity712 @entity1 . METHODS: We enrolled 34 @entity712 @entity1 with baseline @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) </= 40%. Beta-blockers were titrated up to the maximum tolerable dose. @entity1002 prior to beta-blocker usage and at the stable dose were obtained. We also sequenced the entire gene encoding @entity2161 to assess the relationships between @entity1002 improvement and gene polymorphisms. RESULTS: Beta-blocker therapy (25 +/- 22 months) with a mean stable dose of 12 +/- 8 mg @entity1405 /day significantly improved @entity1002 (from 28 +/- 8% to 40 +/- 15%, p < 0.001). Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis identified @entity384 (beta = 18.32, p = 0.0004), baseline @entity1002 (beta = -0.85, p = 0.0020), use of @entity2643 (beta = -22.58, p = 0.0034) and square of @entity6838 dose (beta = -314.25, p = 0.0059) at stable beta-blocker dose as independent predictors of @entity1002 improvement, where beta is the estimated regression coefficient. We did not find any novel variant of @entity2161 gene other than those previously reported at codons 49 and 389, with the allele distributions similar to those found in Caucasians, and these polymorphisms did not imply therapeutic response to beta-blocker. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated the therapeutic effects of beta-blockers in Taiwanese @entity712 @entity1 with a dose lower than what has been reported in Western @entity1 . Moreover, @entity1 with the etiology of @entity384 or lower baseline @entity1002 predicted a greater @entity1002 improvement. The @entity2161 gene polymorphisms were not responsible for the difference in sensitivity to beta-blockers in this Taiwanese population.

title: Predictors of therapeutic response to beta-blockers in XXXX with @entity712 in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2161 :: ('153', 'Gene') :: ['beta1-adrenoceptor']

entities_list: @entity1405 :: ('MESH:C043211', 'Chemical') :: ['carvedilol']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ) is a drug widely used in the therapy of @entity302 and @entity1316 . One frequently observed side effect is hyponatraemia. The role of vasopressin in hyponatraemic action of @entity2050 is discussed controversially. In this study, we tested the influence of @entity2050 on water and salt homoeostasis in @entity35 under different hydration states and under vasopressin 2 receptor (V2R) antagonism by @entity21403 to elucidate the renal and vasopressin independent action of @entity2050 . METHODS: @entity2050 -treated @entity35 were investigated on metabolic cages after (i) 6 day with ad libitum fluid intake, (ii) moderate water load and (iii) water restriction. The effect of @entity21403 was tested in clearance experiments under continuous saline infusion in anaesthetized @entity35 after @entity2050 pretreatment. RESULTS: Compared to controls, @entity2050 induced a higher urinary flow rate which was most pronounced (20-fold) after water load and significantly elevated (2-fold) after 10-h water restriction. In addition, @entity2050 consistently increased renal @entity1372 loss but failed to decrease plasma @entity1372 concentration. In the presence of @entity21403 , urinary flow and natriuresis were further increased by @entity2050 , while there was no differential effect on @entity1133 excretion and anion gap. CONCLUSIONS: At the investigated dose (50 mg/kg body weight), @entity2050 did not induce hyponatraemia or antidiuresis in the @entity35 . However, depending on the hydration state, it induced an increased water and electrolyte loss. Its enhanced influence on urinary flow and natriuresis in the presence of @entity21403 suggests additional renal targets for @entity2050 , independent of vasopressin signalling.

title: @entity2049 affects water and electrolyte homoeostasis in XXXX --similarities and differences to vasopressin antagonism.

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity21403 :: ('MESH:C103281', 'Chemical') :: ['satavaptan']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity706 are heterogeneous and types of @entity706 vary in different geographic regions. In this study, we aimed at classifying the @entity706 at our institution in Taiwan and to compare the relative frequency of various types of @entity706 in different countries. METHODS: We retrospectively searched the files of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity706 at our institution from 2000 to 2015 based on the 2016 Revision of the World Health Organization classification. RESULTS: We identified 1339 @entity1 with @entity706 ; among them, eight had two distinct types of @entity706 . Of the 1347 @entity5 , 6.09% were @entity978 ( @entity978 ) and 93.31%, non- @entity1733 (NHLs). Among the 1257 NHLs, 82.66% were of B-cell lineage and 17.34% of T-cell lineage. The most common @entity1892 types were diffuse large @entity1892 , @entity706 , and mucosa-associated @entity706 . Among @entity784 , 37% cases were of nodal origin and 63% cases arose in extranodal sites. The most common nodal and extranodal @entity784 were @entity784 and extranodal natural killer/ @entity784 , nasal type, respectively. CONCLUSION: We analyzed the largest series of @entity706 to date from Taiwan and concluded that @entity1733 was rare and @entity784 comprised around 17% of all NHLs in Taiwan. The relative frequency of the major @entity706 types is similar in East Asian countries, with only a minor difference, but the overall pattern in the East is quite different from that in the West, with the latter showing a higher frequency of @entity1733 and a lower rate of @entity784 .

title: Lymphoma in Taiwan: Review of 1347 XXXX from a single institution according to the 2016 Revision of the World Health Organization Classification.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas', 'lymphoma', 'Lymphoid neoplasms', 'lymphoid neoplasms', 'lymphoid tissue lymphoma', 'follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma', 'T-cell neoplasms', 'T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin lymphomas', 'HLs']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasms']


abstract: Heparin-associated @entity882 has been reported most commonly with @entity291 lung preparations. We prospectively evaluated the incidence of @entity882 in 43 @entity1 receiving intravenous continuous infusions of either @entity291 lung heparin, manufactured by a new process, or a standard porcine intestinal mucosa heparin for a minimum of five days in a double-blind, randomized fashion. The decision to continue heparin therapy beyond five days was made by the @entity1 's primary physician. All @entity1 had documented acute @entity1031 , pretherapy platelet counts greater than 150 000/mm3, and no evidence of @entity3459 disturbance. No @entity1 had undergone cardiopulmonary bypass or hemodialysis within seven days previous to the initiation of heparin therapy. @entity882 was defined as a decline in platelet count from the normal range of 150 000-350 000/mm3 to less than 100 000/mm3. @entity882 occurred in one @entity1 (4.6 percent) receiving @entity291 lung heparin on day nine of therapy and in no @entity1 (0 percent) receiving porcine intestinal mucosa heparin. Adverse reactions occurred in nine @entity1 (42.9 percent) receiving porcine intestinal heparin and five @entity1 (22.7 percent) receiving @entity291 lung heparin. This difference was not statistically significant. The results of this study indicate that the incidence of @entity882 is low (less than five percent) with both @entity291 lung heparin, manufactured by a new process, and porcine intestinal mucosa heparin when therapy is limited to short therapeutic courses (less than 1 week).

title: Heparin-associated @entity882 : a prospective comparison of XXXX lung heparin, manufactured by a new process, and porcine intestinal heparin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['prior coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic disease']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: @entity933 following heart surgery with extra-corporeal circulation recently has been the subject of several studies that show a syndrome with variable diagnostic criteria and incidence which tend to confuse the entity. The diagnostic criteria proposed by the recent DSM-III of the American Psychiatric Association allow a better circumscription of the syndrome but exclude a group of @entity1 manifesting @entity1833 , sometimes paranoid features and cognitive functions that are less disturbed. Heller's and Kornfeld's less rigid criteria, on the other hand, have the disadvantage of including functional @entity716 states that can arise after surgery without a true @entity933 with @entity75 . We suggest the use of standard criteria that could include only @entity933 following cardiac surgery with E.C.C. and subdivision of the @entity1 following the kind of surgery. In a retrospective study of the last four years at the Montreal Heart Institute, our clinical observations show an incidence of @entity933 after heart surgery with E.C.C. of 3%. a finding much lower than that reported in other centres which show an incidence between 13 and 67%. The more important factors found, were the kind of surgery (valve replacement more than coronary bypass), the age of the @entity1 , and the degree of sickness after surgery during the stay in the intensive care unit. Those risk factors were also found in other recent studies. We describe the clinical syndrome and discuss its etiology in reviewing the more common risk factors before, during and after surgery. We underline the importance of the quality of the relationship with the @entity1 before and after surgery in discussing prevention and treatment.

title: [ XXXX following heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation: clinical aspects and observations in a specialized center].

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['organic brain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['visual hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium', 'Delirium']

answer: @entity933 :: (MESH:D003693,Disease) :: ['Delirium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several reports have indicated the benefits of the acute care surgery (ACS) model in surgical outcomes. We tried to delineate the impact of the ACS model on surgical efficiency and quality. METHODS: Before the ACS model was implemented, @entity1661 were evaluated by an on-call nontrauma general surgeon (pre-ACS model). An in-house @entity130 surgeon treated all @entity1 with @entity130 or nontrauma @entity1661 after the ACS model. @entity1 with @entity697 who underwent appendectomies were included. We conducted a pre- and poststudy to compare the time @entity1 were in the emergency department and surgical qualities. RESULTS: There were 146 and 159 @entity1 enrolled in the pre-ACS model and ACS model, respectively. The overall ED length of stay in the ACS model was significantly shorter than that in the pre-ACS model (300.3    61.7 vs 719.1    339.0 minutes, P < .001). Hospital LOS was also significantly shorter in the ACS model than in the pre-ACS model (2.44    1.39 vs 3.83    2.21 days, P = .022). CONCLUSION: The ACS model may improve abdominal surgical efficiency and quality. Our study results echoed the benefits of the implementation of the ACS model shown in North America.

title: Implementation of the acute care surgery model provides benefits in the surgical treatment of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal surgical emergencies']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: In order to investigate the mechanisms of the hyperreactivity of the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) mechanism in spontaneous @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) the resetting of TGF by chronic dietary @entity1219 loading was studied in SHR and normotensive @entity35 Kyoto @entity35 (WKY). This treatment is known to reset the TGF by an inhibitory factor in tubular fluid and not by alterations of the intrinsic characteristics of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA). TGF reactivity, and its resetting, were determined by loop of Henle perfusion with artificial late proximal tubular fluid and with harvested endogenous tubular fluid respectively. Dietary effects of the high @entity1372 intake were measured by means of the systolic blood pressure (SBP), plasma volume (PV), and renal @entity1372 excretion. The 4-week dietary treatment had no significant influence on SBP in WKY, whereas it accelerated the rise of SBP in SHR significantly. After 1 week of treatment, PV was increased in both WKY and SHR as compared with the control groups kept on the normal diet. Whereas PV in WKY declined to control values over the next 3 weeks, SHR remained expanded. GFR was similar in all groups, whereas urinary @entity1372 excretion was significantly increased in salt-loaded SHR and WKY. Dietary salt loading was paralleled by the appearance of a TGF-inhibiting substance in the tubular fluid in SHR and WKY. However, when assayed with artificial late proximal tubular fluid, hyperreactivity was similar in normal and salt-loaded SHR as compared with WKY. Thus, in SHR TGF hyperreactivity is maintained in spite of volume expansion and TGF resetting by a humoral factor in tubular fluid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Hyperreactivity of tubuloglomerular feedback in chronically salt-loaded spontaneous @entity101 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the survival rates and @entity137 levels that are associated with multimodal therapy (including neoadjuvant @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 , and @entity900 [MVAC]) in @entity1 with stage IIB to @entity5 . STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 49 @entity1 who were treated between 1989 and 1997 with neoadjuvant MVAC for advanced @entity5 . RESULTS: The clinical response rate was 90% (27 partial responders, 17 complete responders). Grade 3 or greater @entity137 was mostly limited to @entity1398 ; no deaths were attributed to MVAC. Combined therapy after MVAC included operation in 34 @entity1 (69%) and radiation in 41 @entity1 (84%). Twenty-one @entity1 (43%) had <2 cm @entity41 at histologic evaluation. Pelvic control was achieved in 86% of @entity1 . Five-year disease-specific survival for @entity1 with @entity5 was 60%. CONCLUSION: For @entity1 with advanced @entity5 , neoadjuvant MVAC had a high response rate (90%) and an acceptable @entity137 level. Compared with historic control subjects, multimodal treatment may be associated with improved rates of pelvic control.

title: Multimodal therapy including neoadjuvant @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 , and XXXX (MVAC) for stage IIB to @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III disease', 'cervical cancer', 'IVB cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Combining @entity419 PET with whole-body MR for paediatric @entity5 staging is practically feasible if imaging protocols can be streamlined. We compared @entity8984 -FDG PET/STIR with accelerated @entity8984 -FDG PET/FSPGR for whole-body @entity5 imaging in @entity1 and young adults. METHODS: Thirty-three @entity1 and young adults (17.5        5.5  years, range 10-30) with @entity706 or @entity242 underwent a @entity8984 -FDG PET staging examination, followed by @entity3703 -enhanced STIR and FSPGR whole-body MR. @entity419 PET scans were fused with MR data and the number and location of @entity5 on each integrated examination were determined. Histopathology and follow-up imaging served as standard of reference. The agreement of each MR sequence with the reference and whole-body imaging times were compared using Cohen's kappa coefficient and Student's t-test, respectively. RESULTS: Comparing @entity8984 -FDG PET/FSPGR to @entity8984 -FDG PET/STIR, sensitivities were 99.3  % for both, specificities were statistically equivalent, 99.8 versus 99.9  %, and the agreement with the reference based on Cohen's kappa coefficient was also statistically equivalent, 0.989 versus 0.992. However, the total scan-time for accelerated FSPGR of 19.8        5.3  minutes was significantly shorter compared to 29.0        7.6  minutes for STIR (p   =   0.001). CONCLUSION: F-FDG PET/FSPGR demonstrated equivalent sensitivities and specificities for @entity5 staging compared to @entity8984 -FDG PET/STIR, but could be acquired with shorter acquisition time. KEY POINTS:     Breath-hold FSPGR sequences shorten the data acquisition time for whole-body MR and PET/MR.     Ferumoxytol provides long-lasting vascular contrast for whole-body MR and PET/MR.     @entity419 PET/FSPGR data provided equal sensitivity and specificity for @entity5 staging compared to @entity8984 -FDG PET/STIR.

title: Speeding up PET/MR for XXXX staging of @entity1 and young adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3703 :: ('MESH:D052203', 'Chemical') :: ['ferumoxytol']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity61943 (CQS) has been developed to the clinical trial stage based on its activity in the @entity1 Tumor Colony Forming Assay (HTCFA). In the HTCFA, CQS demonstrated inhibition of colony formation against breast, lung, @entity320 and @entity43 . The mechanism of action of CQS is unknown. It does not appear to inhibit @entity1501 metabolism as does the structurally similar @entity29407 . Preclinical toxicology studies in @entity235 and @entity35 have shown that CQS is toxic to lymphoid organs, bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, CNS, adrenal glands and testes. @entity137 was generally reversible with the exception of @entity194 in @entity235 and @entity35 which occurred late and was not reversible within the study time frame. The pharmacokinetic data indicate that CQS binds to serum proteins in a dose and species specific manner. Terminal half-lives appear to vary between species from 60 hours in @entity19 , 15 hours in @entity35 , and 45-132 hours in @entity235 . Preliminary data indicate a longer terminal half-life in @entity1 . Two phase I trials are ongoing using a 60 min infusion schedule once every 28 days. The starting dose for each trial was 18 mg/m2.

title: XXXX : a sulfanilamide antitumor agent entering clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity29407 :: ('MESH:D013428', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfaquinoxaline']

entities_list: @entity61943 :: ('MESH:C048021', 'Chemical') :: ['Chloroquinoxaline sulfonamide']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['testicular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity61943 :: (MESH:C048021,Chemical) :: ['Chloroquinoxaline sulfonamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) biopsy is a new standard of care for axillary node staging in @entity1 with primary operable @entity0 . An increasing proportion of these @entity1 undergo breast-conserving surgery, and 10% to 15% will develop local relapse requiring reoperation. Although previous breast or axillary surgery is often considered a contraindication to @entity1600 biopsy, few data support this position. We report our experience with @entity1600 biopsy in the reoperative setting. STUDY DESIGN: We examined the 3,490 consecutive @entity1600 biopsy procedures for @entity0 performed at our institution between September 1996 and July 2001; 32 (1%) of these followed previous axillary surgery: 22 (69%) for breast recurrence after @entity1600 biopsy or @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ); 7 (22%) after a recent, failed @entity1600 biopsy or inadequate @entity1600 ; and 3 (9%) after earlier axillary surgery for an unrelated condition. RESULTS: SLNs were identified in 24 of 32 (75%) cases and were positive in 3 of 24 (13%). Reoperative @entity1600 biopsy was more successful when less than 10 versus 10 or more nodes had been removed previously (87% versus 44%). Both blue dye and isotope identified the @entity1600 in 16 of 24 successful procedures (67%). Additional, nonsentinel nodes (mean, eight nodes) were removed in 17 of 24 @entity1 (71%) and were negative in all cases. At a median followup of 13 months, no axillary recurrences have occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Reoperative @entity1600 biopsy after earlier @entity1600 biopsy or @entity1600 is feasible in selected @entity0 @entity1 and is more likely to succeed when fewer than 10 nodes were removed during the earlier procedure. Further study is required to better define the subset of @entity1 in whom reoperative @entity1600 biopsy can replace @entity1600 .

title: Reoperative sentinel lymph node biopsy: a new option for @entity1 with primary or locally recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['Sentinel lymph node', 'axillary lymph node dissection', 'SLN', 'ALND']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity8267 -related cortical superficial siderosis (cSS) seems to indicate an increased risk of subsequent @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ). We wanted to identify the mechanisms and sequence of hemorrhagic events which are responsible for this association. METHODS: During a 9-year-period, we identified @entity1 with spontaneous convexal @entity510 (cSAH) and performed a careful longitudinal analysis of clinical and neuroimaging data. A close imaging-histopathologic correlation was performed in one @entity1 . RESULTS: Of 38 cSAH @entity1 (mean age, 77  11 years), 29 (76%) had imaging features of @entity8267 on baseline magnetic resonance imaging. Twenty-six (68%) had cSS. Sixteen subjects underwent postcontrast magnetic resonance imaging. Extravasation of @entity2287 at the site of the acute cSAH was seen on all postcontrast scans. After a mean of 24  22 (range 1-78) months of follow-up, 15 (39%) had experienced recurrent cSAHs and 14 (37%) had @entity158 . Of 22 new ICHs, 17 occurred at sites of previous cSAHs or cSS. Repeated neuroimaging showed expansion of cSAH into the brain parenchyma and evolution of a lobar @entity1779 in 4 @entity1 . Propagation of cSS was observed in 21 (55%) @entity1 , with 14 of those having experienced recurrent cSAHs. In the autopsy case, leakage of meningeal vessels affected by @entity8267 was noted. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity8267 , leakage of meningeal vessels seems to be a major cause for recurrent intrasulcal bleedings, which lead to the propagation of cSS and indicate sites with increased vulnerability for future @entity1779 . Intracerebral bleedings may also develop directly from or in extension of a cSAH.

title: Contribution of convexal @entity510 to disease progression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8267 :: ('MESH:D016657', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral amyloid angiopathy', 'Cerebral amyloid angiopathy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['suffered lobar ICHs']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity8267 :: (MESH:D016657,Disease) :: ['cerebral amyloid angiopathy']


abstract: To study the pathogenesis of @entity1188 , its echocardiographic features were examined in 60 @entity1 with old @entity1188 . Sixty-three healthy elderly @entity1 served as the controls. 1. The papillary muscles were echocardiographically classified as fingerlike and non-fingerlike in configuration whose frequencies were 43% and 57%, respectively. In healthy subjects, the papillary muscles were less echogenic than the left ventricular wall. 2. In five @entity1 , the posteromedial papillary muscle exhibited enhanced echo intensity and no contraction. The papillary muscles in two of these five @entity1 were histologically examined and the diagnosis of @entity1188 was verified. In these five @entity1 , the papillary muscles were echocardiographically classified as fingerlike, and @entity1188 was observed to involve the attachment of the posteromedial papillary muscle. All five @entity1 had @entity3454 ; posterior in four and anterior in one. @entity1188 extended to the region just beneath the mitral annulus in the former four @entity1 , but not in the latter one. 3. The echocardiographic features of @entity1188 consisted of enhanced echo intensity of the papillary muscle and @entity3454 , especially that of the posterior leaflet at the posteromedial commissural side, and extension of the asynergy region to the attachment portion of the papillary muscle. The fingerlike morphology of the papillary muscle and involvement of the attachment within the infarcted region are predispositions to the development of @entity1188 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX : echocardiographic features and genetic factors].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve prolapse']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['papillary muscle infarction', 'inferior infarction', 'left ventricular infarction', 'Inferior infarction']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['Papillary muscle infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESES: An eyewear mounted @entity227 ("User-worn see-through display") projecting an artificial horizon aligned with the user's head and body position in space can prevent or @entity11535 in susceptible individuals when in a motion provocative environment as well as aid @entity1 undergoing vestibular rehabilitation. In this project, a wearable display device, including software technology and hardware, was developed and a phase I feasibility study and phase II clinical trial for safety and efficacy were performed. STUDY DESIGN: Both phase I and phase II were prospective studies funded by the NIH. The phase II study used repeated measures for motion intolerant subjects and a randomized control group (display device/no display device) pre-posttest design for @entity1 in vestibular rehabilitation. METHODS: Following technology and display device development, 75 @entity1 were evaluated by test and rating scales in the phase II study; 25 subjects with motion intolerance used the technology in the display device in provocative environments and completed subjective rating scales, whereas 50 @entity1 were evaluated before and after vestibular rehabilitation (25 using the display device and 25 in a control group) using established test measures. RESULTS: All @entity1 with motion intolerance rated the technology as helpful for nine symptoms assessed, and 96% rated the display device as simple and easy to use. Duration of symptoms significantly decreased with use of the technology displayed. In @entity1 undergoing vestibular rehabilitation, there were no significant differences in amount of change from pre- to posttherapy on objective balance tests between display device users and controls. However, those using the technology required significantly fewer rehabilitation sessions to achieve those outcomes than the control group. CONCLUSIONS: A user-worn see-through display, utilizing a visual fixation target coupled with a stable artificial horizon and aligned with user movement, has demonstrated substantial benefit for individuals susceptible to motion intolerance and @entity911 and those undergoing vestibular rehabilitation. The technology developed has applications in any environment where motion sensitivity affects @entity1 performance.

title: Controlling motion sickness and XXXX and enhancing vestibular rehabilitation with a user-worn see-through display.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual display']

entities_list: @entity11535 :: ('MESH:D009041', 'Disease') :: ['lessen motion sickness']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['spatial disorientation']

answer: @entity911 :: (MESH:D003221,Disease) :: ['spatial disorientation']


abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between smoking and oesophageal high-grade @entity1141 (HGD) or @entity420 ( @entity420 ) in a large cohort of @entity1 with Barrett's columnar-lined oesophagus (CLO). A total of 1280 @entity1 diagnosed with CLO and registered with the UK National Barrett's Oesophagus Registry were included. Data, including smoking habits, were collected from the @entity1 's notes and development of HGD or @entity420 noted. Analysis was performed with SPSS using logistic regression for calculation of odds ratios (ORs) for development of HGD/ @entity420 . Data on smoking habits were available in 956 (74.6%) @entity1 . There was no significant difference between smokers and nonsmokers in mean age (P=0.877) or length of follow-up (P=0.359). There was a significant risk of HGD/ @entity420 in @entity1 with any history of smoking compared with those who had never smoked (P<0.001, OR 2.81). Ex-smokers of 10 years or more remained at a significantly higher risk of HGD/ @entity420 compared with those who had never smoked (P=0.001, OR 3.37). Current smokers were not at a significantly higher risk of HGD/ @entity420 compared with ex-smokers (P=0.857) nor were those who smoked at least 20 a day compared with those who smoked fewer than 20 a day (P=0.632). In @entity1 with CLO, smoking appears to be a significant risk factor for the development of severe @entity66 ; however, we did not observe a dose-dependent effect of smoking on progression of disease.

title: The relationship between smoking and severe XXXX in @entity1 with Barrett's columnar-lined oesophagus.

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['AC', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic disease']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['dysplastic disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the utility of the continuous @entity413 monitoring system (CGMS) as an outpatient procedure to improve management of @entity6 in adolescents. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Twelve adolescents (mean age: 16.2 +/- 3 years) with poorly controlled type 1 @entity6 (HbA(1c) > 8%) were included in this trial. Mean HbA(1c) during the previous year was 10.1 +/- 1.2%. Insulin treatment consisted of 2 or 3 daily injections in 10 cases and CSII in 2. At the beginning of the study, HbA(1c) was determined and low blood @entity413 index (LBGI) was calculated. Continuous @entity413 monitoring was performed for three days. After downloading and analyzing data, results were discussed with the @entity1 and insulin treatment was adjusted. Two months later testing was repeated and all parameters were reassessed. RESULTS: Initial CGMS profiles demonstrated glycemic excursions unrecognized by capillary measurements in all twelve @entity1 . Glycemia before and after meals varied from<60 mg/dL to > 200 mg/dL in 2 @entity1 (2 episodes). Postprandial @entity4854 exceeded 200 mg/dL in 10 @entity1 (24 episodes). Prolonged overnight @entity4854 was observed in 5 @entity1 (7 episodes), dawn phenomenon in 4 @entity1 (6 episodes) and nighttime @entity4053 in 4 @entity1 (4 episodes). A day-to-day reproducibility of glycemic profiles was observed in 8 @entity1 . Then insulin treatment was adjusted according to CGMS data. Changes involved dose levels in 3 @entity1 , insulin type in 7, number of injections, i.e. 3 instead of 2, in 5 or change from insulin injection to CSII in 1. Reassessment two months later demonstrated a significant reduction of glycemic excursions in 8 @entity1 . HbA(1c) (m +/- SD) decreased from 10.3 +/- 2.1% to 8.75 +/- 1.06% (p<0.05). LBGI increased from 1.7 +/- 0.9 to 2.4 +/- 1.4 but the difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Use of CGMS in @entity6 adolescent outpatients achieved a significant improvement in metabolic control not only by providing accurate data for adjustment of insulin treatment but also by promoting @entity1 communication and motivation.

title: Improved metabolic control in XXXX adolescents using the continuous @entity413 monitoring system (CGMS).

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case report and review of the literature. OBJECTIVE: To prevent and manage a suspected iatrogenic @entity1317 during a cervical spine anterior approach. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The anterior spine approach is a common surgery with few complications. One of the rare but significant risks is @entity1317 . Consequences of vertebral @entity1317 are often delayed. Therefore, it is essential to prevent this complication and to know how when exploring after a suspected @entity1317 . METHODS: Report of a case and review of the literature. A 61-year-old @entity1 presented with a cervical @entity808 involving the C5-C6 foramen. She had undergone surgery 22  years before by the posterior approach. We performed an anterior cervical approach. After 12  days, a vertebral artery pseudo- @entity439 occurred. Our review of the literature is focalized on vertebral @entity1317 during cervical surgery by the anterior approach. RESULTS: The @entity1 was treated by coil embolization with a good outcome. To our knowledge, only 6  cases of vertebral artery pseudo- @entity439 after surgery have been reported in the literature. CONCLUSION: According to the literature, vertebral artery pseudo- @entity439 resulting in anterior cervical approach are rare but their consequences could be severe. Prevention begins by detailed surgical planning. Peroperative imaging is helpful. Any suspected @entity1317 should postpone a contralateral approach before angiographic imaging.

title: Vertebral artery (V2) pseudo- @entity439 after surgery for cervical XXXX . How to prevent it and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral artery injury', 'artery injuries']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['schwannoma']


abstract: In tris-buffered saline (TBS) with a trace of @entity6442 ( @entity9104 ), the homoaggregation process of a functionalized @entity16820 , the two-handed @entity57651 (TH), and the heteroaggregation process (complex formation) of TH with DNA ( @entity10169 -control plasmid) were studied dynamically by using a combination of static and dynamic laser light scattering measurements. Fractal behavior was investigated in the aggregation process of both TH homoaggregates and TH-DNA heteroaggregates. The stability of aggregates in solution depends on the molar concentration ratio R(M), defined as the molar ratio of moles of TH to moles of the DNA base pair. Higher R(M) values resulted in lower aggregate stability. The transition of the fractal dimension (Df) in TH homoaggregation by rapidly mixing 3.78 microM TH with an equal volume of the blank buffer was found to vary from a value of 1.46 to 2.02. Dynamic light scattering results revealed that, in the aggregation process, the change in the size distribution of aggregates with time could be related to a Df transition. In the Df transition region, the size distribution of homoaggregates displayed a drastic change from a single-mode distribution to a bimodal distribution, which clearly suggested a restructuring process with the formation of large aggregates. When the aggregation process finally reached equilibrium, Df = 2.02, the size of the homoaggregates had a single mode but a broad distribution. However, TH-DNA heteroaggregation showed a Df transition from 1.58 to 1.7, but over a shorter time range of less than 5 min. Then, the Df value fluctuated in the range of 1.7 and finally reached an equilibrium value of Df approximately 1.78, which was independent of molar concentration. There are two main action forces involved in the heteroaggregation process: van der Waals forces and attractive electrostatic forces, with the latter one being stronger and faster than that of the former. Therefore, a two-step action could occur in the heteroaggregation process. In the beginning of mixing, the attractive electrostatic forces dictated the aggregation process, and then van der Waals forces also got involved in the entire aggregation process. By using an initial concentration of 3.78 microM each and R(M) = 1, TH-DNA heteroaggregates showed more stable solution behavior than the homoaggregates. The lower Df value of the heteroaggregates could be related to a looser compact structure. Results from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also disclosed the different textures between TH homoaggregates and TH-DNA heteroaggregates; the former had a more dense packing than the latter one.

title: Fractal behavior of functionalized XXXX aggregates. I. Aggregation of two-handed @entity57651 with DNA.

entities_list: @entity16820 :: ('MESH:D037741', 'Chemical') :: ['fullerene']

entities_list: @entity6442 :: ('MESH:D004126', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylformamide']

entities_list: @entity57651 :: ('MESH:C510698', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraaminofullerene']

answer: @entity16820 :: (MESH:D037741,Chemical) :: ['fullerene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is a major public health problem with significant morbidity and mortality. Evidence based guidelines have been proposed to reduce the micro and macrovascular complications, but studies have shown that these goals are not being met. We sought to compare the adherence to the American @entity6 Association guidelines for measurement and control of glycohemoglobin (A1c), blood pressure (BP), lipids (LDL) and microalbuminuria (MA) by subspecialty and primary care clinics in an academic medical center. METHODS: 390 random charts of @entity1 with @entity6 from Family Practice (FP), Internal Medicine (IM) and @entity6 ( @entity3918 ) clinics at Michigan State University were reviewed. RESULTS: We reviewed 131, 134 and 125 charts from the FP, IM and @entity3918 clinics, respectively. @entity3918 clinic had a higher percentage of @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 43/125 (34.4%) compared with 7/131 (5.3%) in FP and 7/134 (5.2%) in IM clinics. A1c was measured in 99%, 97.8% and 100% subjects in FP, IM and @entity3918 clinics respectively. B.P. was measured in all subjects in all three clinics. Lipids were checked in 97.7%, 95.5% and 92% @entity1 in FP, IM and @entity3918 clinics respectively. MA was measured at least once during the year preceding the office visit in 85.5%, 82.8% and 76.8% @entity1 in FP, IM and @entity3918 clinics respectively. @entity3916 was controlled (<7%) in 38.9, 43.3, 28.8% of @entity1 in the FP, IM and @entity3918 clinics, respectively (p   =   0.034). LDL was controlled (<100  mg/dl or 2.586  mmol/l) in 71.8, 64.9, 64% of @entity1 in the FP, IM and @entity3918 clinics, respectively. MA was controlled (<30  mg/gm @entity1011 ) in 60.3%, 51.5% and 60% @entity1 in FP, IM and @entity3918 clinics respectively (P   =   0.032). BP was controlled (<130/80) in 59.5, 67.2 and 52.8% @entity1 in the FP, IM and @entity3918 clinics, respectively. CONCLUSION: Testing rates for @entity3916 , LDL, and MA were high, in both subspecialty and primary care clinics. However, the degree of control was not optimal. Significantly fewer @entity1 in the @entity3918 clinic had A1c <7%, the cause of which may be multifactorial.

title: Comparison of the adherence to the american @entity6 association guidelines of XXXX care in primary care and subspecialty clinics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In vitro and animal experiments have shown that the transport and signaling of b2-adrenergic agonists are pH-sensitive. Inhaled @entity3045 , a hydrophilic b2-adrenergic agonist, is widely used for the treatment of obstructive @entity1030 . Acute exacerbations of obstructive @entity1030 can be associated with changes in ventilation leading to either @entity12906 or @entity5838 thereby affecting @entity3045 responsiveness in the airway. The purpose of this study was to determine if airway pH has an effect on @entity3045 -induced vasodilation in the airway. METHODS: Ten healthy volunteers performed the following respiratory maneuvers: quiet @entity1353 , hypocapnic @entity10441 , @entity10441 (to dissociate the effect of pH from the effect of ventilation). During these @entity1353 maneuvers, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) pH and airway blood flow response to inhaled @entity3045 (  Q  aw) were assessed. RESULTS: Mean        SE EBC pH (units) and   Q  aw ( l.min(-1).mL(-1)) were 6.4        0.1 and 16.8        1.9 during quiet @entity1353 , 6.3        0.1 and 14.5        2.4 during eucapnic @entity10441 , 6.6        0.2 and -0.2        1.8 during hypocapnic @entity10441 (p   =   0.02 and <0.01 vs. quiet @entity1353 ), and 5.9        0.1 and 2.0        1.5 during hypercapnic @entity10441 (p   =   0.02 and <0.02 vs quiet @entity1353 ). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3045 responsiveness in the airway as assessed by   Q  aw is pH sensitive. The @entity1353 maneuver associated with decreased and increased EBC pH both resulted in a decreased responsiveness independent of the level of ventilation. These findings suggest an attenuated response to hydrophilic b2-adrenergic agonists during airway disease exacerbations associated with changes in pH. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01216748 .

title: Effect of airway acidosis and @entity5838 on airway vascular smooth muscle responsiveness to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity12906 :: ('MESH:D000142', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['Albuterol', 'albuterol']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway diseases']

entities_list: @entity10441 :: ('MESH:D006985', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnic hyperventilation, and eucapnic hyperventilation', 'hyperventilation']

answer: @entity3045 :: (MESH:D000420,Chemical) :: ['albuterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Age-related hip @entity174 are associated with poor functional outcomes, resulting in substantial personal and societal burden. There is a need to better identify reversible etiologic predictors of suboptimal functional recovery in this group. METHODS: The @entity6288 and @entity173 (SHIP) study was a 5-year prospective cohort study following community-dwelling older @entity1 admitted to three Sydney hospitals for @entity173 . Information was collected at baseline, and 4 and 12 months, including health status, quality of life, nutritional status, body composition, muscle strength, range of motion, gait velocity, balance, walking endurance, disability, cognition, @entity308 , fear of falling, self-efficacy, social support, physical activity level, vision, and fall-related data, with residential status, disability, and mortality reassessed at 5 years. RESULTS: 193 @entity1 enrolled (81 +/- 8 years, 72% @entity1 ). High levels of activities of daily living, disability and sedentariness were present prior to @entity174 . At admission, the cohort had high levels of @entity102 ; 38% were @entity308 , 38% were @entity73 , and 26% had @entity299 . Seventy-one percent of @entity1 were sarcopenic, 58% undernourished, and 55% @entity560 deficient. Mobility, strength, and vision were severely impaired. There was little evidence that these comorbidities were either recognized or treated during hospitalization. Disability, sedentariness, @entity3147 , and walking endurance predicted acute hospitalization length of stay. CONCLUSIONS: The complex comorbidity, pre-existing functional impairment, and @entity146 in @entity1 with @entity173 suggest the need for thorough screening and targeting of potentially reversible impairments. Rehabilitation outcomes are likely to be highly dependent on amelioration of these highly prevalent accompaniments to @entity173 .

title: Methodology and baseline characteristics for the XXXX and @entity173 study: a 5-year prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sedentary behavior']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitively impaired']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['Sarcopenia']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['Hip Fracture', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity6288 :: (MESH:D055948,Disease) :: ['Sarcopenia']


abstract: Increasing evidence indicates that the @entity551 effect of centrally acting antihypertensive drugs is not due to stimulation of alpha 2-adrenoceptors but to action on @entity947 receptors (IR). This has led to the development and recent clinical use of second generation agents such as @entity23189 and @entity23703 that possess a much greater selectivity toward these nonadrenergic receptors. However, relatively few studies have examined the role of these receptors in conscious animals or have adequately accounted for the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist properties of IR antagonists such as @entity9006 . We have taken the approach of initially calibrating the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist potency of intracisternally (ic) administered @entity9006 and the IR-1 receptor antagonist @entity26276 against @entity23190 , a highly selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist with little or no @entity947 antagonist effect. This was done using @entity12833 , a @entity551 agent affecting only alpha 2-adrenoceptors. Thus, we chose doses of the antagonists with equal alpha 2-adrenoceptor blocking action such that differences in the ability of @entity9006 or @entity26276 compared to @entity23190 to reverse the @entity551 produced by @entity23189 , @entity23703 , or @entity1338 indicate an interaction with IR. By this method we found that the @entity551 effects of @entity23189 and @entity23703 at moderate intracisternal doses were more readily reversed by the @entity947 antagonists than by @entity23190 , indicating that IR were largely responsible for their @entity551 actions. By contrast, @entity1338 's effects were equally reversed by all antagonists, suggesting interaction mainly with alpha 2-adrenoceptors. In conscious @entity95 with chronic renal sympathetic nerve electrodes we examined the effect of @entity23189 and @entity12833 on the renal sympathetic baroreflex. Both drugs reduced renal sympathetic nerve activity and sympathetic baroreflex responses, but only the effect of @entity23189 was preferentially reversed by @entity9006 . Thus, both IR and central alpha 2-adrenoceptor receptors can influence the renal baroreflex, but the former are relatively more important for the actions of @entity23189 . We recently examined the possible sites of action of @entity23189 in anesthetized @entity95 and showed that sixfold lower doses were required to reduce blood pressure when the drug was injected into the rostral ventrolateral medulla compared to intracisternal administration. At this site @entity23189 also reduced renal sympathetic tone and inhibited renal sympathetic baroreflex responses. By contrast, @entity23189 was relatively ineffective when injected into the nucleus of the solitary tract. These experiments support the view that @entity23189 acts primarily at IR in the rostral ventrolateral medulla to reduce sympathetic tone and modulate sympathetic baroreflexes.

title: Importance of XXXX receptors in the cardiovascular actions of centrally acting antihypertensive agents.

entities_list: @entity23189 :: ('MESH:C032302', 'Chemical') :: ['rilmenidine']

entities_list: @entity23703 :: ('MESH:C043482', 'Chemical') :: ['moxonidine']

entities_list: @entity9006 :: ('MESH:D019329', 'Chemical') :: ['idazoxan']

entities_list: @entity12833 :: ('MESH:D008750', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-methyldopa']

entities_list: @entity23190 :: ('MESH:C058525', 'Chemical') :: ['2-methoxy-idazoxan', '2-methoxyidazoxan']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity947 :: ('CHEBI:53094', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazoline']

answer: @entity947 :: (CHEBI:53094,Chemical) :: ['imidazoline']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 -physician language concordance among limited English proficient (LEP) @entity1 is associated with better outcomes for specific clinical conditions. Whether or not language concordance contributes to use of specific preventive care services is unclear. METHODS: We pooled data from the 2007 and 2009 California Health Interview Surveys to examine mammography, @entity14 ( @entity14 ) screening, and @entity683 vaccination use among self-identified LEP Latino and Asian (i.e., Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese) immigrants. We defined language concordance by respondents reporting that their physician spoke their non-English language. Analyses were completed in 2013-2014. RESULTS: Language concordance did not appear to facilitate mammography use among Latinas (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72, 1.45). Among Asian @entity1 , we could not definitively exclude a negative association of language concordance with mammography (AOR=0.55, 95% CI 0.27, 1.09). @entity1 -physician language concordance was associated with lower odds of @entity14 screening among Asians but not Latinos (Asian AOR=0.50, 95% CI 0.29, 0.86; Latino AOR=0.85, 95% CI 0.56, 1.28). @entity683 vaccination did not differ by physician language use among either Latinos or Asians. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 -physician language concordance was not associated with higher use of mammography, @entity14 screening, or @entity683 vaccination. Language concordance was negatively associated with @entity14 screening among Asians for reasons that require further research. Future research should isolate the impact of language concordance on the use of preventive care services from health system factors.

title: XXXX -physician language concordance and use of preventive care services among limited English proficient Latinos and Asians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'Influenza']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: Fast cyclic voltammetry ( @entity21063 ) at @entity505 fibre microelectrodes was used to monitor 'real time' endogenous @entity1063 (NA) efflux in superfused slices of @entity35 locus coeruleus (LC) following local electrical stimulation. When stimulated with a standard train (30 pulses, 100 Hz, 0.2 ms, 10 mA, every 5 min), efflux of @entity1154 was constant over the experimental period (2.5 h): @entity6115 efflux declined by only 16 +/- 5% while uptake half-life lengthened by only 9 +/- 8%. When calibrated in solutions of NA, peak @entity6115 efflux corresponded to 0.31 +/- 0.04 microM (mean +/- S.E.M., n = 28) and was removed by uptake with a half-life of 2.93 +/- 0.28 s (n = 16). The released compound was confirmed as NA on the basis of pharmacological and electrochemical criteria. Stimulated @entity1154 efflux was reversibly reduced by 78% by omission of @entity141 from the superfusate for 30 min (P < 0.05). @entity31556 (1 microM), a fast-acting reserpine-like drug, decreased @entity6115 efflux by 86% (P < 0.05). The @entity1154 oxidase inhibitor @entity4927 (2 microM) increased efflux by 30% (P < 0.05). @entity5829 (0.05 microM), a selective NA uptake blocker, significantly increased @entity6115 efflux (by 96%, P < 0.05) and uptake half-life (by 314%, P < 0.05). @entity3755 (0.5 microM), the selective @entity750 ( @entity750 ) uptake blocker, increased efflux by 59% (P < 0.05) and the uptake half-life by 122% (P < 0.05). @entity11719 ( @entity11719 : 0.3 microM), the @entity935 (DA) uptake blocker, had no effect on @entity6115 efflux or uptake half-life. The voltammogram of the released @entity6115 had single oxidation and reduction peaks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Real-time monitoring of endogenous @entity1063 release in @entity35 brain slices using fast cyclic voltammetry: 3. Selective detection of XXXX efflux in the locus coeruleus.

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['Desipramine']

entities_list: @entity4927 :: ('MESH:D010293', 'Chemical') :: ['pargyline']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3755 :: ('MESH:D016666', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluvoxamine']

entities_list: @entity6115 :: ('CHEBI:32952', 'Chemical') :: ['amine', 'Amine']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5HT', 'serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['noradrenaline']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Tooth extraction is considered as the starting point of jaw @entity194 via osteoclast activity stimulation. The maintenance of @entity604 depends on surgery procedure and use of materials to maintain prior space favoring bone regeneration. Among substitutes used in dentistry to fill bone defects, Ostim-Pastes (Ostim) is a nanocrystalline paste tested for treatment of severe clinical conditions. This research first investigated the effect of Ostim on @entity133 , comparing in the same healthy subjects, an Ostim-filled socket with a not-filled one. Moreover, it also proposed a new surgical protocol for the post-extractive socket treatment using the graft materials without elevation of full-thickness flaps. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 were enrolled to bilateral maxillary or mandibular extraction that was performed without elevation of full-thickness flaps. In each @entity1 , one socket was filled using Ostim, and the other one was allowed to undergo natural healing. No suture was carried out. Clinical and biologic parameters were screened at 1, 7, and 14 days. RESULTS: Obtained results evidenced that nanocrystalline @entity692 supports bone regeneration, increasing the synthesis of pro-osteogenic factors as @entity13062 , @entity12017 , alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin. Moreover, filling post-extractive socket with nanocrystalline @entity692 paste leads to a complete @entity2543 already at 7 days after extraction, despite the fact that the teeth were extracted without elevation of full-thickness flaps . The improved @entity2543 is mediated by increased @entity7 ( @entity7 ) expression. No significant change was observed in inflammatory parameters, with exception of an early and transient @entity1356 induction, that could trigger and improve @entity133 . CONCLUSIONS: Clinical and biomolecular observations of this explorative study evidenced that nanocrystalline @entity692 improves alveolar socket healing, increasing angiogenesis, @entity2543 , and osteogenesis, also in absence of elevation of full-thickness flaps.

title: XXXX paste Ostim, without elevation of full-thickness flaps, improves @entity133 stimulating BMP- and @entity7 -mediated signal pathways: an experimental study in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13062 :: ('652', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetics protein (BMP)-4']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['dental alveolar bone']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar healing']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['epithelialization']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['Hydroxyapatite']


abstract: Bacteria colonizing tooth surfaces are essential in the induction of an inflammatory response in the periodontal tissues, but do not cause @entity2521 in everyone, implicating differences in the host immune response. These possible differences were studied using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated whole blood cell cultures (WBCC), which revealed a down regulation of monocyte derived interleukin-12 (IL-12p70) in untreated @entity2521 @entity1 and an up regulation after therapy. IL-12p70 is a crucial factor in the differentiation of Th1 cell responses. Since CC chemokines are able to influence the T cell differentiation via cytokine secretion in antigen-presenting cells, the production of CC chemokines in @entity2521 was evaluated. Therefore WBCC were stimulated with LPS from @entity526 for 18 h and the levels of IL-12p70 and CC chemokines were measured in the supernatants by ELISA. @entity2521 @entity1 released 2 fold more @entity5737 (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) (P = 0.01) and lower levels of IL-12p70 in comparison to controls (P < 0.05). A trend towards higher levels of @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) (P = 0.07) was also seen in untreated @entity2521 @entity1 ; while similar levels of monocyte derived chemokine (MDC) and macrophage inflammatory proteins-1 alpha and -1 beta ( @entity62654 ) were found. After periodontal therapy no changes were seen with regard to MDC, @entity10557 , @entity12868 and @entity5737 , whereas the @entity2842 levels decreased (P < 0.05) and the IL-12p70 levels strongly increased (P < 0.01). The data showed a consistent inverse correlation between the levels of @entity2842 and IL-12p70, and their proportional changes after therapy correlated with the clinical inflammatory response after therapy. This indicates that the disease state regulates the release of IL-12p70 and @entity2842 in @entity526 LPS-stimulated WBCC. In contrast, the persistent augmented levels of @entity5737 after therapy are suggestive for an intrinsic behaviour.

title: Monocyte-derived XXXX is intrinsically elevated in periodontal disease while @entity2842 levels are related to inflammation and are inversely correlated with IL-12 levels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'macrophage chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis', 'Untreated periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity5737 :: (6352,Gene) :: ['RANTES']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the clinical profile of pediatric @entity1 with @entity302 and @entity6583 ( @entity6583 ), and compare them with a group of pediatric @entity1 with benign @entity302 to determine clinical differences, response to treatment, and prognosis. METHODS: We studied 28 @entity1 (16 @entity1 ) with probable or definitive diagnosis of @entity6583 and @entity302 and 32 @entity1 (16 @entity1 ) with partial @entity302 ( @entity302 ). All @entity1 had normal neurologic examination. We compared @entity6583 and @entity302 @entity1 looking for differences in demographics (age at first @entity410 , gender, family history); clinical presentation (type, frequency, duration, and total number of @entity410 , duration of @entity302 , @entity159 , cluster, and @entity51 ); treatment [duration, number of @entity734 ( @entity734 ), maximal dose, drug association, number of @entity410 -free @entity1 , time to obtain control and recurrence after medication discontinuation]; complementary examinations (the first and the last EEG). RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 5.4 years for the 28 @entity6583 @entity1 and 4.6 years for the 32 @entity302 @entity1 (p=0.98). We did not find statistical differences between @entity6583 and @entity302 in gender, family history, types of @entity410 , frequency and length of @entity410 , previous @entity159 , @entity410 clustering, and presence of @entity51 . However, we found that @entity6583 compared with @entity302 @entity1 had significant longer AED treatment, more @entity410 after AED introduction, tried more @entity734 and at maximal dose, and in 20%, required polytherapy. The recurrence rate in @entity6583 was 54.4% and this was not significantly associated with number of lesions and disease activity seen on CT scans or the presence of EEG abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6583 presents with a mild form of @entity302 in terms of @entity410 severity; however, it is more challenging in regard to drug management and has a less favorable long-term prognosis in terms of @entity410 remission. The number of lesions or disease activity seen on computed tomography (CT) as well as EEG abnormalities have no prognostic value in @entity302 due to @entity6583 .

title: XXXX due to @entity6583 : a comparative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity6583 :: ('MESH:D020019', 'Disease') :: ['NC', 'neurocysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['postictal deficits', 'postictal deficit']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'partial epilepsy', 'BE', 'benign epilepsy', 'childhood epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Childhood epilepsy']


abstract: Twenty-four Bouviers with @entity1282 were examined between October 1986 and October 1988. The type of @entity1282 was characterised by the results from the clinical examination, the videofluorographic examination and the electromyographic recordings from the oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal muscles. Electromyography indicated neurogenic as well as myogenic causes of @entity1282 . Tissues from 10 @entity235 were available for histopathologic examination. In nine @entity235 there was a progressive @entity528 of the pharyngeal and/or esophageal muscles, resembling @entity3986 . In two of these @entity235 the same abnormalities were also noticed in the masseter and temporalis muscles and in the intrinsic laryngeal muscles. In one @entity235 small areas with @entity2537 were found in the cricopharyngeal muscle. No abnormalities in nerve tissue were found. @entity3986 is a @entity74 . The mode of transmission in these Bouviers is not yet known.

title: @entity1282 in Bouviers associated with XXXX ; evaluation of 24 cases.

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophy', 'Muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity2537 :: ('MESH:D020966', 'Disease') :: ['hyalin degeneration and fragmentation of muscle fibres']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disease']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['muscular degeneration']

answer: @entity3986 :: (MESH:D009136,Disease) :: ['muscular dystrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has demonstrated efficacy for alleviating @entity5 . Although theorized to be the means by which @entity1 improve, it is yet to be determined whether outcomes are related to the development or enhancement of mindfulness among @entity1 . This study examined the effect of participation in an MBSR program on levels of mindfulness in a heterogeneous sample of individuals with @entity5 , and if these changes were related to improvements in stress and mood outcomes. METHODS: In all, 268 individuals with @entity5 completed self-report assessments of stress and @entity1316 before and after participation in an 8-week MBSR program. Of these, 177 @entity1 completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale and 91 @entity1 completed the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, at both time points. RESULTS: Levels of mindfulness on both measures increased significantly over the course of the program. These were accompanied by significant reductions in @entity1316 (55%) and symptoms of stress (29%). Increases in mindfulness accounted for a significant percentage of the reductions in @entity1316 (21%) and symptoms of stress (14%). Being aware of the present moment and refraining from judging inner experience were the 2 most important mindfulness skills for improvements of psychological functioning among @entity5 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These results add to a growing literature measuring the impact of mindfulness and its relationship to improved @entity458 . Moreover, specific mindfulness skills may be important in supporting these improvements.

title: Increased mindfulness is related to improved stress and mood following participation in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program in individuals with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer-related distress']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disturbances', 'mood disturbance']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological health']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND METHODS: In @entity1 with the @entity791 ( @entity791 ), the rate of relapse after primary treatment for @entity1330 remains high. We conducted a controlled, double-blind trial to evaluate the efficacy of maintenance therapy with @entity2380 . At entry into the study, all @entity1 had sterile cultures of cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and urine after following a standardized course of therapy for culture-proved @entity1330 . The @entity1 were randomly assigned to take either @entity2380 or placebo as maintenance therapy. The dose of @entity2380 was 100 mg daily in the first phase of study and 200 mg daily in the second phase. RESULTS: Of 84 @entity1 initially enrolled, 16 (19 percent) were found to have silent, persistent @entity281 on the basis of cultures that became positive after entry into the study; 7 other @entity1 were lost to follow-up shortly after entry. Of the remaining 61 @entity1 , 10 of 27 assigned to placebo (37 percent) and 1 of 34 assigned to @entity2380 (3 percent) had a recurrence of @entity281 at any site (difference in risk, 34 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 15 to 53). Of the 11 recurrent infections, 7 were detected in urine obtained after prostatic massage. There were four recurrent @entity693 in the @entity1 taking placebo, but none in those taking @entity2380 (mean duration of follow-up, 164 days) (P = 0.03). In multivariate analyses, the best predictors of recurrence-free survival were @entity2380 treatment (P = 0.02; relative hazard, 13.2), a lower serum cryptococcal-antigen titer (P = 0.05; relative hazard, 1.2), and more prolonged primary therapy with @entity4895 (P = 0.09; relative hazard, 1.1). Survival and @entity137 were similar in the two maintenance-treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity791 , silent persistent @entity281 is common after clinically successful treatment for @entity1330 . Maintenance therapy with @entity2380 is highly effective in preventing recurrent @entity281 .

title: A placebo-controlled trial of maintenance therapy with XXXX after treatment of @entity1330 in the @entity791 . California Collaborative Treatment Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity1330 :: ('MESH:D016919', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['flucytosine']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcal infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome', 'AIDS']

answer: @entity2380 :: (MESH:D015725,Chemical) :: ['fluconazole']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The impacts of an episiotomy on a @entity1 's sex life and ability to relax the pelvic musculature remain largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of an episiotomy on the development of postpartum @entity546 and @entity322 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 200 @entity1 participated in the present study. The @entity1 were grouped as follows: vaginal delivery with episiotomy (Group 1, N=100) and Caesarian section (Group 2, N=100). An interview, which asked about the presence of @entity546 or @entity322 , was conducted with the @entity1 at 12 weeks postpartum. RESULTS: The mean age (years) of Group 1 was 22.6  4.4, and the mean age of Group 2 was 24.1  4.6. @entity322 was detected in 4 @entity1 (4%) in Group 1 and 2 @entity1 (2%) in Group 2. @entity546 was present in 21 @entity1 (21%) in Group 1 and 8 @entity1 (8%) in Group 2. No significant differences were detected in the severity of @entity322 between the two groups. The amount of time to the first coitus following delivery and the total amount of intercourse was compared between the two groups. CONCLUSION: It appears that episiotomies do not lead to @entity322 . However, episiotomies may cause @entity546 , a condition that may negatively affect a @entity1 's sex life. Therefore, routine episiotomies are not suggested.

title: Episiotomy and the development of postpartum XXXX and @entity322 in nulliparous females.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia', 'Dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['anal incontinence', 'Anal incontinence']

answer: @entity546 :: (MESH:D004414,Disease) :: ['dyspareunia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Systematic sextant biopsies are a powerful tool in the diagnosis of @entity263 . Interpretation of the histopathologic results of these biopsies plays a central role in treatment decisions. This biopsy approach was originally described as sampling the prostate in the mid-lobe, parasagittal plane at the apex, mid-gland, and base, bilaterally. Morphometric analysis of prostate specimens has revealed that most clinically significant @entity5 are mainly located in the posterolateral aspect of the gland, not the mid-lobe. We sought to determine if @entity5 detection could be improved by obtaining more laterally placed biopsies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-one @entity1 underwent transrectal ultrasound with mid-lobe sextant as well as lateral sextant biopsies. Biopsy specimens were evaluated for Gleason grade and @entity5 present in each core. The mid-lobe and lateral biopsy results were then compared. RESULTS: Thirteen of 41 @entity1 (31.7%) were found to have no @entity5 on either biopsy set. @entity5 was detected by both the mid-lobe and the lateral biopsies in 19 @entity1 (46.3%). In 6 @entity1 (14.6%), only the lateral biopsies revealed @entity5 , and in 3 @entity1 (7.3%), only the mid-lobe biopsies revealed @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Laterally-placed systematic sextant biopsies may yield an improved diagnosis rate in @entity1 with palpable nodularity in the lateral aspect of the prostate, @entity1 without any palpable @entity854 but with elevated @entity11179 levels, and in those @entity1 undergoing repeat biopsies.

title: Comparison of mid-lobe versus lateral systematic sextant biopsies in the detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['length of cancer', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: A group of @entity1 suffering from @entity9663 , hemifacial @entity2473 and @entity33057 were surveyed to determine the delay from the onset of their condition until a correct diagnosis was reached, the attitudes of practitioners towards them and their condition, the effect of their condition on their lifestyle and the effects of different types of treatment on their conditions. METHODS: Questionnaires were offered to all @entity1 with @entity9663 , hemifacial @entity2473 and @entity33057 presenting to three ophthalmologists licensed to treat @entity1 with botulinum toxin injections over a 12 month period. RESULTS: @entity1 consulted an average of 4.4 practitioners before a correct diagnosis was made and many waited a number of years before obtaining satisfactory treatment. Approximately two-thirds of all practitioners consulted were unaware of their condition. Ten per cent of @entity1 reported a family history of similar conditions. Most @entity1 received relief from their symptoms with treatment using injections of botulinum toxin. More than 55% of @entity1 considered themselves to have @entity458 (usually relating to stress and @entity130 ) that they associated with the onset of their condition. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3519 are rare and @entity1 experiences suggest that they are poorly appreciated in the medical community. From the time they first see a practitioner with symptoms of @entity3519 , @entity1 typically wait 2 years and see four practitioners before a correct diagnosis is made. Stress may be a factor in the symptomatic onset of this condition. Many @entity1 describe @entity158 as part of the presenting symptomatology. Botulinum toxin seems to be effective in the management of facial @entity2473 .

title: XXXX : an Australian study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological problems']

entities_list: @entity9663 :: ('MESH:D001764', 'Disease') :: ['blepharospasm']

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['facial dystonia', 'Facial muscle dystonias']

entities_list: @entity33057 :: ('MESH:D008539', 'Disease') :: ["Meige's syndrome"]

answer: @entity2473 :: (MESH:D013035,Disease) :: ['Facial muscle spasms']


abstract: @entity101 is a predictor of @entity65 . Hence, genes contributing to essential @entity101 may play a role in the etiology of @entity65 . For this reason, we examined the association between the alpha-adducin ( @entity1404 ) G460W and @entity14644 subunit ( @entity14644 ) @entity14643 polymorphisms and the prevalence of @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) and incidence of @entity301 ( @entity301 ) in non-Hispanic whites from the @entity731 Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. @entity3657 prevalence was defined by an ankle-brachial index, ie, the ratio of ankle systolic blood pressure to brachial artery systolic blood pressure, of </=0.90 for @entity1 and </=0.85 for @entity1 . @entity301 incidence was determined by following the ARIC cohort for a median of 5.3 years for potential coronary events. Stratified random samples of the ARIC cohort (n=703 and n=684) were used, respectively, as the comparison groups for the @entity3657 (n=144) and incident @entity301 (n=408) cases. The @entity14644 825T allele and the @entity1404 460W allele were not significantly associated with prevalence of @entity3657 or incidence of @entity301 . However, a test of the interaction between @entity101 status and the @entity1404 G460W polymorphism indicated that further evaluation of the @entity1404 polymorphism in only @entity101 individuals was warranted. The @entity1404 460W allele was significantly associated with @entity3657 (odds ratio [OR]: 2.61, 95% CI, 1.27-5.37, P=0.01) and @entity301 (hazard rate ratio [HRR]: 2.30, 95% CI, 1.20-4.42, P=0.01) in @entity101 individuals after adjustment for multiple @entity65 risk factors. An interaction with @entity101 in the association between the @entity1404 G460W polymorphism and @entity65 merits further testing in additional populations.

title: @entity1404 460W allele associated with @entity65 in XXXX individuals.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['High blood pressure', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: A novel conjugate of @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) and @entity2995 (TA) was synthesized using @entity10209 as a linker molecule. To determine the rate of hydrolysis, the conjugate was dissolved in aqueous solution and the rate of appearance of free @entity1139 and TA was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Antiproliferative activity of the @entity1139 -TA conjugate and parent compounds was assessed using an NIH 3T3 fibroblast cell line. Cell growth was quantified using the @entity98 assay. Kinetic analysis of the hydrolysis rate demonstrated that the conjugate had a half-life of 23.6 h in aqueous solutions. The antiproliferative activities of the @entity1139 -TA conjugate and @entity1139 were both concentration dependent, with similar IC(50) values of 2.4 and 1.7 microM, respectively. However, individual responses at concentrations above 3 microM showed that the conjugate was less active than @entity1139 alone. TA alone showed only limited inhibition of cell growth. Studies evaluating intravitreal injection of the conjugate demonstrate that this agent produced no measurable @entity137 . Our data provide evidence that the @entity1139 -TA conjugate could be used as a slow-release drug delivery system. This could in turn be used to modulate a posttreatment wound healing process or to treat various @entity66 .

title: Synthesis, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and rat retinal @entity137 of a novel XXXX - @entity2995 conjugate.

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative diseases']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity10209 :: ('MESH:C035736', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaric acid']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate lineage-specific chimerism reconstitution after reduced-intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation (RIST) using a combination of @entity3118 (30 mg/m2 for 6 days) and @entity1863 (4 mg/kg for 2 days). DESIGN AND METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 8 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1583 who were not candidates for conventional transplantation because of either high age or organ dysfunction. Host-donor chimerism was evaluated using polymerase chain reaction-based amplification of a polymorphic short tandem repeat region. RESULTS: All of our @entity1 achieved engraftment within a median of 11 days after transplantation. On day 30, full donor myeloid cell chimerism (>90%) was achieved in 7 @entity1 whereas full donor T-cell chimerism was achieved in only one @entity1 . Thus, in contrast to other reported results, full donor chimerism was achieved earlier in the myeloid lineage than the T-cell lineage. On day 60, however, T-cell chimerism caught up with myeloid chimerism. Two @entity1 developed @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) before the detection of full donor T-cell chimerism. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the kinetics of lineage-specific chimerism depend on the agents used in the conditioning regimen, and may provide insight into the chimerism kinetics and pathogenesis of @entity2132 . Thus, the strategy for controlling immunosuppression after RIST should be modified according to the type of conditioning regimen applied.

title: Early full donor myeloid chimerism after reduced-intensity stem cell transplantation using a combination of @entity3118 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

answer: @entity1863 :: (MESH:D002066,Chemical) :: ['busulfan']