abstract: Experiments in several cell types revealed that local accumulation of @entity19065 mediates the ability of cells to migrate during gradient sensing. We took a systematic approach to characterize the functions of the six putative Class I @entity4357 3-kinases (PI3K1-6) in Dictyostelium by creating a series of gene knockouts. These studies revealed that PI3K1-PI3K3 are the major PI3Ks for chemoattractant-mediated @entity19065 production. We studied chemotaxis of the pi3k1/2/3 triple knock-out strain (pi3k1/2/3 null cells) to @entity268 under two distinct experimental conditions, an exponential gradient emitted from a micropipette and a shallow, linear gradient in a Dunn chamber, using four @entity268 concentrations ranging over a factor of 10,000. Under all conditions tested pi3k1/2/3 null cells moved slower and had less polarity than wild-type cells. pi3k1/2/3 null cells moved toward a chemoattractant emitted by a micropipette, although persistence was lower than that of wild-type or pi3k1/2 null cells. In shallow linear gradients, pi3k1/2 null cells had greater directionality defects, especially at lower chemoattractant concentrations. Our studies suggest that although @entity10412 is not essential for directional movement under some chemoattractant conditions, it is a key component of the directional sensing pathway and plays a critical role in linear chemoattractant gradients, especially at low chemoattractant concentrations. The relative importance of @entity10412 in chemotaxis is also dependent on the developmental stage of the cells. Our data suggest that the output of other signaling pathways suffices to mediate directional sensing when cells perceive a strong signal, but @entity10412 signaling is crucial for detecting weaker signals.

title: Role of XXXX 3-kinases in chemotaxis in Dictyostelium.

entities_list: @entity19065 :: ('MESH:C060974', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity4357 :: (MESH:D010716,Chemical) :: ['phosphatidylinositol']


abstract: Systemic chemotherapy is effective in only a subset of @entity1 with metastasized @entity14 . Therefore, early selection of @entity1 who are most likely to benefit from chemotherapy is desirable. Response to treatment may be determined by the delivery of the drug to the @entity5 , retention of the drug in the @entity5 and by the amount of intracellular uptake, metabolic activation and catabolism, as well as other factors. The first aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of DCE-MRI with the contrast agent Gd-DTPA for @entity5 response to first-line chemotherapy in @entity1 with liver metastases of @entity14 . The second aim was to investigate the predictive value of @entity1487 (FU) uptake, retention and catabolism as measured by localized @entity25279 @entity7748 for @entity5 response to FU therapy. Since FU uptake, retention and metabolism may depend on @entity5 vascularization, the relationship between @entity25279 @entity7748 and the DCE-MRI parameters k(ep), K(trans) and v(e) was also examined (1). In this study, 37 @entity1 were included. The kinetic parameters of DCE-MRI, k(ep), K(trans) and v(e), before start of treatment did not predict @entity5 response after 2 months, suggesting that the delivery of chemotherapy by @entity5 vasculature is not a major factor determining response in first-line treatment. No evident correlations between (19)F @entity7748 parameters and @entity5 response were found. This suggests that in liver metastases that are not selected on the basis of their @entity5 diameter, FU uptake and catabolism are not limiting factors for response. The transfer constant K(trans), as measured by DCE-MRI before start of treatment, was negatively correlated with FU half-life in the liver metastases, which suggests that, in metastases with a larger @entity5 blood flow or permeability surface area product, FU is rapidly washed out from the @entity5 .

title: Prediction of chemotherapeutic response of colorectal liver metastases with dynamic gadolinium-DTPA-enhanced MRI and localized 19F @entity7748 pharmacokinetic studies of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity472 is a highly prevalent and life-threatening disease. In elderly @entity1 with comorbidities, percutaneous valve implantation is an option. The aim of the study was to describe the anesthetic management and complications of general anesthesia. METHOD: Case series with 30-day and 24-month follow-ups after implantation of the CoreValve device performed at the Institute of Cardiology/University Foundation of Cardiology between December 2008 and January 2012. The @entity1 underwent general anesthesia monitored with mean arterial pressure ( @entity6454 ), electrocardiogram (ECG), pulse oximetry, capnography, transesophageal echocardiography, thermometry, and transvenous pacemaker. RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity1 , mean age 82.46 years, 20.98% mean EuroSCORE, functional class III/IV, successfully underwent valve implantation. Nine @entity1 required permanent pacemaker implantation. During follow-up, two @entity1 died: one during surgery due to LV perforation and the other on the third day of unknown causes. At 24 months, one @entity1 diagnosed with multiple @entity1582 died. This anesthetic technique proved to be safe. CONCLUSION: The initial experience with percutaneous @entity886 under general anesthesia has proven to be safe and effective, with no significant anesthetic complications during this procedure.

title: Anesthetic management and complications of percutaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve implantation']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity886 :: (MESH:C563178,Disease) :: ['aortic valve implantation']


abstract: PURPOSE: Nonthrombotic @entity75 (NIVL), such as webs and spurs described by May and Thurner, are commonly found in the asymptomatic general population. However, the clinical syndrome, variously known as @entity1228 , @entity1228 , or @entity1228 , is thought to be a relatively rare contributor of @entity102 ( @entity102 ), predominantly affecting the left lower extremity of young @entity1 . The present study describes the much @entity66 profile that has emerged with the use of @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ) scanning for diagnosis and analyzes stent placement outcome in two specific NIVL subsets that may offer clues to their pathogenic role. METHODS: Among 4026 @entity1 with @entity102 symptoms spanning the range of @entity17622 clinical classes, @entity5642 examinations were selectively done in severely symptomatic @entity1 for indications as described. @entity75 were found in 938 limbs of 879 @entity1 ; 53% of the limbs had NIVL, 40% were post-thrombotic, and 7% were a combination. Stents were placed in 332 limbs in 319 @entity1 in two NIVL subsets. The subsets, one with and one without associated distal limb reflux, were compared. Reflux was left untreated in the first subset. RESULTS: The median age was 54 years (range, 18 to 90 years). The female-male ratio was 4:1 and the left-right ratio was 3:1. NIVL lesions in the iliac vein occurred at the iliac artery crossing (proximal lesion) and also at the hypogastric artery crossing (distal lesion), a new @entity5642 finding. Venography was only 66% sensitive, with 34% of venograms appearing "normal." @entity5642 had a diagnostic sensitivity of >90%. The cumulative results observed at 2.5 years after stent placement in the NIVL subsets with reflux and without reflux, respectively, were complete relief of @entity158 82% and 77%, complete relief of swelling 47% and 53%, complete stasis @entity1066 67% and 76%, and overall clinical relief outcome 75% and 79%. These results are nearly identical between the two subsets even though distal reflux remained uncorrected in the NIVL plus reflux subset. CONCLUSIONS: NIVL has high prevalence and a broad demographic spectrum in @entity1 with @entity102 . Similar lesions in the asymptomatic general population may be permissive of future development of @entity102 . Stent placement alone, without correction of associated reflux, often provides relief.

title: High prevalence of nonthrombotic @entity75 in XXXX : a permissive role in pathogenicity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['broader disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['iliac vein lesions', 'Iliac vein obstructive lesions']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic venous disease', 'CVD']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['IVUS', 'intravascular ultrasound']

entities_list: @entity1228 :: ('MESH:D062108', 'Disease') :: ['iliac vein compression syndrome', 'May-Thurner syndrome', 'Cockett syndrome']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic venous disease']


abstract: @entity41342 (PD) is a purified @entity41343 of @entity9052 @entity3857 , which exhibits anticancer activity. @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ), a major @entity12919 in green tea, is a strong botanical antioxidant. In this study, we investigated the possible synergistic anticancer effects of PD and @entity3090 on @entity1 @entity14 cells and explored the potential role of apoptosis in the synergistic activities. Effects of selected compounds on HCT-116 and SW-480 @entity1 @entity14 cells were evaluated by a modified trichrome stain cell proliferation analysis. Cell cycle distribution and apoptotic effects were analyzed by flow cytometry after staining with PI/RNase or @entity4404 /PI. Cell growth was suppressed after treatment with PD (10 and 20     m) for 48   h. When PD (10 and 20     m) was combined with @entity3090 (10, 20, and 30     m), significantly enhanced antiproliferative effects were observed in both cell lines. Combining 20     m of PD with 20 and 30     m of @entity3090 significantly decreased S-phase fractions of cells. In the apoptotic assay, the combination of PD and @entity3090 significantly increased the percentage of apoptotic cells compared with PD alone (p   <   0.01). The synergistic apoptotic effects were also supported by docking analysis, which demonstrated that PD and @entity3090 bound in two different sites of the @entity4404 protein. Data from this study suggested that apoptosis might play an important role in the @entity3090 -enhanced antiproliferative effects of PD on @entity1 @entity14 cells.

title: The synergistic apoptotic interaction of @entity41342 and @entity3089 in @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity3857 :: ('MESH:D012503', 'Chemical') :: ['saponins']

entities_list: @entity41343 :: ('CHEBI:26606', 'Chemical') :: ['sapogenin']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['Epigallocatechin gallate']

entities_list: @entity41342 :: ('MESH:C004564', 'Chemical') :: ['Panaxadiol']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to discuss the feasibility of establishing @entity2951 @entity158 model and the possibility to evaluate different degrees of @entity158 by the heart rate variability (HRV). It also aims to investigate the changes of autonomic nervous activity of volunteers during the process of @entity158 caused by @entity2951 . A total of 30 volunteers were selected, who were physically and mentally healthy, into the study. To assess the effects of @entity2951 on the healthy volunteers, we recorded the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores after the @entity2951 stimulus. Additionally, the electrocardiogram signals and HRV analysis index before and after stimulating were also recorded, respectively. More specifically, the HRV analysis indexes included the time domain index, the frequency domain index, and the nonlinear analysis index. The results demonstrated that the activity of the autonomic nerves was enhanced in the process of @entity2951 stimulus, especially for the sympathetic nerve, which exhibited a significantly differences in HRV. In conclusion, the degree of @entity158 can be reflected by the HRV. It is feasible to establish a @entity2951 @entity158 model. And in further experiments, HRV analysis could be used as a reference index for quantitative evaluation of @entity158 .

title: [Assessment of the Effect of XXXX on Autonomic Nervous System in Human Body Using Heart Rate Variability Analysis].

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Lymph node metastases represent a diagnostic and management challenge in @entity1 with disseminated @entity259 ( @entity259 ). Our understanding of microRNA (miRNA) profiles of @entity3 also remains limited and may unveil novel therapeutic strategies for these @entity1 . METHODS: @entity259 @entity1 with a history of total thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection were identified from within the prospective Sydney University Endocrine Surgical Unit database. @entity1 with available @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded @entity5 tissue were included and clinicopathological data were collated. Total RNA was extracted and quantitave polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis performed on the primary @entity5 and a corresponding lymph node @entity3 for expression of miRNAs of proven significance in @entity259 (miR-9*, @entity26767 and @entity26261 ). RESULTS: Tissue was available for analysis in seven @entity1 . The median age at diagnosis was 55 years (range: 22-67). Median @entity5 size was 18   mm (range: 6-55) and over a median follow-up period of 34 months (range: 1-210), five further operations were undertaken for residual disease. One @entity1 died of @entity3 . Pairwise correlations of qPCR expression levels between primary @entity5 and corresponding lymph node metastases revealed significant correlations for miR-9* (P < 0.001), @entity26767 (P = 0.001) and @entity26261 (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: miRNA expression patterns in nodal metastases significantly reflect those of the primary @entity5 in @entity259 . This further validates previously reported miRNA profile analyses and reiterates the potential significance of miR-9*, -183 and -375 in the pathophysiology of @entity259 . The possibility of lymph node biopsy miRNA analysis driven clinical decision making may now also be a possibility where conventional techniques are unhelpful.

title: Nodal @entity3 microRNA expression correlates with the primary XXXX in @entity259 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['medullary thyroid carcinoma', 'MTC']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity510 remains a devastating disease. Identification of etiologic risk factors would allow the possibility of prevention. METHODS: We conducted a population-based case-control study in King County, Washington. @entity1 whose @entity548 originated from a source other than an @entity439 were excluded. Two age- and gender-matched control subjects were identified for each case through random digit telephone dialing. A standardized in- @entity1 interview was conducted with the @entity1 whenever possible, a proxy respondent for the case in all instances, the two control subjects, and their proxies. Analyses involved conditional logistic regression taking into account matching on age, gender and respondent type. RESULTS: Over 2 years, 169 cases were identified, and 149 participated in the case-control study. Compared with those who never smoked, the odds ratio for current heavy smokers (greater than 20 cigarettes/day) was 11.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.0-24.9); for current light smokers (less than or equal to 20 cigarettes/day), 4.1 (95% CI, 2.3-7.3); and for former smokers, 1.8 (95% CI, 1.0-3.2). The risk associated with smoking was greatest in the 3 hours after a cigarette (odds ratio [OR] = 7.0; 95% CI, 3.7-13.1) and then fell, not reaching the risk in those who had never smoked until more than 10 years had passed since the last cigarette. Heavy @entity167 use (greater than 2 drinks/day) was also associated with @entity548 (OR = 2.2; 95% CI, 0.9-5.1, after adjusting for smoking status). These associations were not substantially altered after adjusting for several possible confounding factors, including a history of @entity101 . CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoking and heavy @entity167 use are associated with the occurrence of @entity510 .

title: Cigarette smoking, @entity167 use, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['Subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: @entity9124 @entity277 is relatively rare in industrialized countries, and it occurs mainly in conditions in which hygiene is lacking. We describe here a case of a 39-year-old female from ex-Jugoslavia affected by recurrent @entity99 . At entry ultrasonography revealed microlithiasis in the gallbladder and widening of the pancreatic head. The subsequent ERCP showed slight filling defects in the choledochus and an @entity32 -like stricture of the papilla of Vater, and after endoscopic sphincterotomy we saw an outflow of dense bile and microlitholits. Thus, a standard surgical cholecystectomy was carried out and the @entity1 was dismissed on the 3rd postoperative day without any symptoms. However, the @entity1 was admitted again after four days for a new coliky @entity158 attack. An upper endoscopy showed a 23 cm long mobile parasite in the duodenum: it was caught with the polypectomy loap, extracted and identified as A. Lumbricoides. The @entity1 's symptoms disappeared after the endoscopic removal of the worm and she was dismissed the day after the worm's removal. No recurrence of symptoms was noted during a 1-year follow-up. This case showed that A. Lumbricoides @entity277 of the biliary tree should be considered when biliary and/or pancreatic symptoms recur, especially in @entity1 coming from undeveloped countries. At the same time we showed that endoscopic removal is a safe and effective treatment for this @entity277 .

title: Bilo-pancreatic @entity9124 XXXX . Endoscopic discovery and removal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['infestation']

entities_list: @entity9124 :: ('6252', 'Species') :: ['Ascaris Lumbricoides']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic colic']

answer: @entity277 :: (MESH:D013984,Disease) :: ['infestation']


abstract: PURPOSE: Unlike @entity189 , soft-tissue @entity242 (STS) rarely exhibit lymphatic spread. Consequently, we examined expression and function of @entity7 ( @entity7 )-C and STS-associated lymphatic vessel density (LVD) components of this process. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity9961 and @entity7 mRNA and @entity9961 protein expression were evaluated in STS, STS cell lines, and @entity0 (reverse transcription-PCR, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and ELISA). STS cell conditioned medium after @entity9961 knockdown was examined for endothelial cell proliferation and migration effects (MTS and migration assays). @entity982 -embedded @entity1 lymph node-negative and lymph node-positive STS and lymph node-negative and lymph node-positive @entity0 were examined for @entity9961 , D2-40, and @entity2279 expression (immunohistochemistry). LVD differences were analyzed by Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. RESULTS: STS and @entity0 @entity9961 expression was comparable and higher than normal tissue levels. STS cells secreted functional @entity9961 : STS conditioned medium induced lymphatic endothelial cell proliferation and migration, which was abrogated by STS cell @entity9961 knockdown. STS and @entity0 intratumoral LVD was similar. STS peritumoral LVD (PT-LVD) was reduced versus @entity0 PT-LVD (P < 0.001). Significantly higher PT-LVD was observed in lymph node-positive versus lymph node-negative STS; lymphatic spreading STS subtypes also had higher LVD. STS @entity9961 expression and PT-LVD lacked correlation, and many lymph node-negative STS had high PT-LVD, suggesting complexity in this metastatic process. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with @entity0 , STS exhibited lower PT-LVD independent of @entity9961 expression, which may underlie STS lymph node @entity3 rarity. Moreover, lymphatic vessels appear necessary but not sufficient to sustain STS lymphatic spread. Examining STS "nonlymphatic" dissemination may help elucidate mechanisms of lymphatic spread, insights critically important to cancer @entity3 control.

title: Increased @entity7 -C expression is insufficient to induce lymphatic @entity3 in XXXX soft-tissue @entity242 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF', 'VEGF-A']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: This study was performed between 2007-2012 and encompasses 94 @entity1 . The @entity1 were divided in two groups. The first group included the @entity1 who have benefited from surgical treatment (42 cases) and the second one included @entity1 who benefited from conservative treatment. Out of the total number of cases, 63 cases showed an intact simple bone cyst that was most of the time an accidental discovery. 31 @entity1 presented with @entity174 sustained on a simple bone cyst. There were 63 @entity1 and 31 @entity1 . Their mean age was 9.9 +/- 2.34 years. Single injection was performed for 49 @entity1 ; the rest had double or triple injections. The mean follow-up was 34.5 +/- 6.6 months. The procedure succeeded in obtaining healing in 77 cysts (82%). Cyst index of more than five and cortical index of less than 1 mm were significantly prone to pathological @entity174 and had significant poor results after treatment. Our results suggested that an autogenous bone marrow injection is a safe and effective treatment method for simple @entity2001 , when compared with the surgical management, but sometimes-repeated injections are necessary. Cyst index and cortical width are good indicators for treatment outcome.

title: The modern treatment of the simple XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity2001 :: ('MESH:D001845', 'Disease') :: ['bone cysts']

answer: @entity2001 :: (MESH:D001845,Disease) :: ['bone cysts']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vagal nerve stimulation is a new non-pharmacological therapy for @entity1 with @entity302 . Introduced in USA in 1988, the treatment is based on animal experiments demonstrating that intermittent stimulation of the vagal nerve could prevent or reduce the frequency and/or duration of @entity410 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: At the National Hospital in Norway, 47 therapy-resistant @entity1 have had a vagal nerve stimulator implanted since June 1993. We have used the Neuro-Cybernetic Prosthesis system from Cyberonics, consisting of a programmable pulse generator, a bipolar vagal nerve stimulator lead, a programming wand with accompanying software, and a hand-held magnet. The mean age of the population was 34.4 years (12-70 years). All had a long-standing @entity302 with frequent @entity410 , 36 (77%) had @entity410 every day. The majority (89%) had localization-related @entity302 . Mean follow-up time was 2.7 years (0.4-6.5 years). RESULTS: 16 @entity1 (34%) responded to the treatment with > 50% reduction in @entity410 frequency. No one, however, became @entity410 free. 20 @entity1 (43%) had no @entity410 reduction. 24 of the @entity1 (51%) benefited from extra stimulation triggered by the magnet. The stimulation affected several types of @entity410 ; most often a reduction in frequency of secondary generalised @entity410 was noted. Hoarseness, coughing and a tingling sensation in the throat were the most frequently reported side effects occurring during stimulation. The @entity1 tended to habituate to these side effects. In 14 @entity1 (30%), the device has been explanted, mostly due to lack of efficacy. INTERPRETATION: Considering the fact that this @entity1 group belongs to the most refractory part of the @entity302 population, the results are regarded as promising and they are in keeping with results from other studies. However, the role of vagal nerve stimulation in the future treatment of @entity302 is still not settled. Several questions remain unanswered, e.g. what are the exact mechanisms of action behind the @entity410 reducing effect, and which @entity1 are most suitable for this treatment?

title: [Chronic intermittent vagal nerve stimulation--a new therapeutic approach in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (DBS @entity9221 ) is an effective treatment method in advanced @entity191 ( @entity191 ) providing marked improvement of its major motor symptoms. In addition, non-motor effects have been reported including @entity1017 in @entity191 @entity1 after DBS @entity9221 . Using retrospective survey, we aimed to evaluate weight changes in our @entity1 with advanced @entity191 treated with DBS @entity9221 . We inquired 25 @entity191 @entity1 (16 @entity1 , 9 @entity1 ), of mean age 55 (42-65) years, mean @entity191 duration 15 (9-21) years, who previously received bilateral DBS @entity9221 . We obtained valid data from 23 @entity1 . In the first survey, 1 to 45 months after DBS, @entity1017 was found in all @entity1 comparing to pre-DBS period. The mean increase was 9.4 kg (from 1 to 25 kg). The @entity1 ' mean body mass index (BMI) increased from 23.7 to 27.0 kg/m2, i.e. by 3.3 kg/m2 (+2 to +6.1 kg/m2). In the repeated survey one year later, in 12 of the @entity1 body weight moderately decreased, 3 did not change, and 6 @entity1 further increased their weight. Possible explanations of body @entity1017 after DBS @entity9221 include a reduction of energy output related to elimination of @entity910 , improved alimentation or direct influence on function of lateral hypothalamus by DBS @entity9221 .

title: Increase in body weight is a non-motor side effect of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Intramedullary @entity44 are extremely rare @entity5 . A review of the literature found only reports of 59 cases, three of which were treated by us. The most common localisation for these @entity5 is in the medullary conus. According to our experience as well as more recent reports, MRI images allow a preoperative diagnosis to be made. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: We treated two cases of intramedullary teratoma of the conus: that of a 41-year-old @entity1 and that of a 40-year-old @entity1 . Both suffered from @entity3481 , and the @entity1 also suffered from @entity1494 . CT and MRI enabled us to diagnose an intramedullary @entity5 and to suspect a dysembryogenic origin. INTERVENTION: Both @entity1 were treated surgically; the surgical @entity5 was extensive but not total because of the tenacious adhesions of the @entity5 to the adjacent parenchyma. CONCLUSION: Surgery is the therapy of choice in cases of intramedullary @entity44 ; the removal, though incomplete, leads to a definite improvement of symptoms. In our two cases the follow-up has been 7 years and 6 years, respectively. No @entity5 regrowth occurred during this period.

title: Intramedullary XXXX : Two case reports and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary disorders']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3481 :: ('MESH:D015417', 'Disease') :: ['motor and sensory disorders']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratomas']

answer: @entity44 :: (MESH:D013724,Disease) :: ['teratomas']


abstract: The value of rapid, contrast-enhanced, diuretic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (using @entity33569 and @entity1483 ) in demonstrating partial unilateral @entity1695 and the potential of such MR imaging in differentiating obstructive from nonobstructive @entity3041 was assessed in six micropigs. MR imaging (0.35 Tesla, partial- @entity1182 technique with repetition time [TR] of 125 milliseconds, echo-delay time [TE] of 20 milliseconds, and @entity1182 angle of 70 degrees) was performed before, and at 5, 12, and 19 days after partial @entity1695 . Additionally, MR images were acquired 5, 12, and 19 days after release of obstruction. The diuretic was injected 10 minutes after the contrast medium. MR findings were correlated with results from nuclear scintigraphy (99mTc- @entity9409 uptake). MR images provided good morphologic detail from which renal size, parenchymal thickness, and degree of @entity3041 could be determined. Contrast medium allowed assessment of cortical uptake and urinary excretion. The course of cortical signal enhancement best characterized the difference between obstructive and nonobstructive @entity3041 . @entity8 with nonobstructive @entity3041 showed progressive decrease in cortical signal enhancement (-11.7% within 40 minutes) after @entity1483 injection. The kidneys with obstructive @entity3041 demonstrated a plateau of signal enhancement without decrease (-0.7% within 40 minutes). These results demonstrate the utility of rapid contrast-enhancing, diuretic MR imaging in differentiating obstructive from nonobstructive @entity3041 .

title: Rapid, contrast-enhanced, diuretic magnetic resonance imaging of unilateral partial XXXX . An experimental study in micropigs.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Normal kidneys and kidneys']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity33569 :: ('MESH:C002577', 'Chemical') :: ['ferrioxamine B']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

answer: @entity1695 :: (MESH:D014517,Disease) :: ['ureteral obstruction']


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) genes encode proteins that are ideal targets for @entity5 immunotherapy because of their restricted expression in normal tissues and frequent expression in @entity5 . We previously observed that @entity39047 was one of the @entity5 genes most frequently expressed in @entity150 . To confirm that observation and evaluate the potential prognostic value of @entity39047 protein, we analyzed its expression by immunohistochemistry in 493 primary @entity150 and 33 lymph node @entity3 , in comparison with @entity20522 protein, also frequently expressed in @entity150 . Overall, @entity20522 and @entity39047 were observed, respectively, in 38% and 63% of nonmuscle-invasive @entity5 , 48% and 57% of muscle-invasive @entity5 , 65% and 84% of @entity189 in situ and in 73% and 85% of lymph node @entity3 . Expression was associated with higher grade ( @entity20522 , p = 0.007; @entity39047 , p = 0.012). In multivariate Cox regression analyses, expression of @entity39047 in pTa @entity5 was associated with recurrence (HR = 1.829; p = 0.010). In univariate analyses, @entity20522 expression in these same @entity5 was associated with progression to @entity11090 (HR = 7.417, p = 0.013). @entity39047 expression was even more predictive of progression as all @entity5 that progressed expressed this antigen. In muscle-invasive @entity150 , no association was found between expression of either MAGE and @entity150 -specific death. In conclusion, @entity39047 is a target of choice for @entity150 immunotherapy as it is expressed in 60% of @entity150 , predominantly high-grade @entity5 , and at higher frequency in pTis and @entity3 . Moreover, in pTa @entity5 , an immunotherapy targeting @entity39047 could be protective against recurrence and progression to more @entity5 .

title: High frequency of @entity20522 and XXXX expression in high-risk @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['CT', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'advanced cancer', 'Cancer-testis', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity11090 :: ('MESH:D019042', 'Disease') :: ['muscle-invasive cancer']

answer: @entity39047 :: (4108,Gene) :: ['MAGE-A9']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of choice for sinonasal @entity1179 ( @entity1179 ) is surgical resection, which typically includes identification of the site of origin with appropriate inclusion or management of this site in the surgical resection. Appropriate preoperative planning is thus of significant importance and will routinely include CT imaging and nasal endoscopy. The aim of this study was to determine whether findings of @entity4421 in the @entity1 ' preoperative CT images could predict the site of attachment. METHODS: This bipartite study contained both retrospective and prospective arms. For the retrospective arm, preoperative CT images of all cases were reviewed electronically in a blinded fashion by the senior author and a prediction was made for the site of attachment. The actual site of attachment as documented in the operative note was then compared with the predicted site. A similar process was followed for the prospectively acquired @entity1 except that the site of attachment was predicted preoperatively. RESULTS: Twenty-eight retrospective and six prospective @entity1 were identified as eligible for the study. Six retrospective @entity1 were excluded because of incomplete data. In @entity1 that were reviewed retrospectively, @entity4421 was seen in 20/22 @entity1 and was used to correctly predict the site of attachment in 18/20 times. Of the prospectively acquired @entity1 @entity4421 was seen in 5/6 @entity1 with the site of attachment predicted in 4/5 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In @entity1 in whom @entity4421 is detectable on the preoperative CT scan, the site of origin of the @entity1179 can be predicted with a high degree of accuracy.

title: Site of attachment of XXXX predicted by CT findings of @entity4421 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1179 :: ('MESH:D018308', 'Disease') :: ['IP', 'inverted papilloma']

answer: @entity1179 :: (MESH:D018308,Disease) :: ['inverted papilloma']


abstract: 1. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of exogenous @entity855 and @entity859 on spontaneous motility of the proximal and distal regions of the possum sphincter of Oddi (SO). 2. @entity855 or @entity859 (1 microm-1 mm) was applied to distal-SO or proximal-SO muscle rings in organ baths in the absence or presence of @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ) or @entity3881 antagonists. 3. Both @entity855 and @entity859 altered spontaneous activity, predominantly in proximal-SO rings. 4. Exogenous @entity855 induced a bi-phasic response consisting of a brief @entity4524 -sensitive excitatory component, and a longer-lasting @entity4524 -insensitive inhibitory component. 5. The excitatory @entity855 response likely involves P2X receptors, whereas the late inhibitory response likely involves P2Y receptors. 6. Exogenous @entity859 decreased spontaneous SO activity, via a @entity4524 -insensitive mechanism. 7. Exogenous @entity3042 modulate SO motility, acting primarily in the proximal region of the SO, via neural and non-neural mechanisms and multiple purine receptor subtypes.

title: Exogenous XXXX induce differential responses in the proximal and distal regions of the possum sphincter of Oddi.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

answer: @entity3042 :: (MESH:D011687,Chemical) :: ['purines']


abstract: We present here the results of a prospective study of the pathology of 233 fatalities due to hanging in Western Australia (WA). The @entity204 occurred during the 5 year period 1988-92. Post mortem examination of these cases was undertaken according to a standardised protocol by forensic pathologists of this office. Post mortem findings of a further 37 cases examined by medical practitioners in rural WA are also reviewed, making a useful comparison. @entity548 , as a hallmark of @entity2063 , were present in 113 of the 233 cases (48%). An observable ligature mark to the skin of the neck was seen in 230 cases (99%). Injury to the tissues of the neck was identified in 122 cases (52%), more commonly with complete suspension of the body (62%) than incomplete suspension (46%). @entity9389 was essentially equally prevalent with a slip-knot (58%) or a fixed knot (60%). Other @entity130 besides the @entity9389 were present on the deceased's body in 80 cases (34%). In the 37 non-metropolitan cases, an observable ligature mark to the skin of the neck was recorded in 30 (81%). @entity548 were described in 3 cases (8%). @entity9389 was apparently observed in 10 cases (27%), although precise detail adequately identifying the site of injury was given in only 2 cases (5%).

title: The pathology of XXXX in Western Australia.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Petechial hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity9389 :: ('MESH:D019838', 'Disease') :: ['Neck injury', 'Internal neck injury', 'neck injury']

entities_list: @entity2063 :: ('MESH:C537571', 'Disease') :: ['asphyxiation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['fresh injuries']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['hanging deaths']


abstract: The effect of systemic @entity221 on the in vivo radiation response of normal and malignant @entity19 cells was evaluated. X-irradiation of L1210 cells and Ehrlich ascites cells at body temperatures above 41 degrees C resulted in strongly enhanced @entity5 cell death. The magnitude of this thermal effect increased with increasing temperatures. @entity5 cells were particularly sensitive to combined heat-radiation treatment. L1210 @entity1778 cells did not become resistant to the sensitizing effects of @entity221 even after repeated heat exposures over several transplant generations. The sensitizing action of @entity221 varied with different heating strategies. Heating before or during irradiation did not materially alter the radiation response of @entity5 cells. Maximal potentiation of radiation damage was achieved only when the tumorous @entity19 were subjected to at least 20 minutes heat incubation after irradiation. LD studies on ICR @entity19 revealed that moderate @entity221 (41.5 degrees C) does not alter the radiation response of normal body tissues. These findings indicate that it is possible to devise hyperthermic treatment regimens that drastically enhance radiation-induced @entity5 cell death in vivo without reducing the radioresistance of normal tissues.

title: Effect of XXXX on the radiosensitivity of normal and malignant cells in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxic tumor', 'tumor']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: @entity9909 (CI)-associated @entity8 has emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation. In this retrospective study, we compared the efficacy, safety, and renal protective effect of @entity3446 monotherapy (Group A; n = 26) with @entity3446 in combination (Group B; n = 34) with @entity230 and/or @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) in liver transplant recipients who were switched from CI. @entity1 were switched abruptly or over a period of 2-4 weeks and followed for 17 +/- 10 months. Preconversion renal biopsies in five of six @entity1 showed histological features consistent with CI nephrotoxicity. Serum @entity1011 increased in the year prior to conversion from 1.7 +/- 0.4 to 2.1 +/- 0.7 mg/dl (P = 0.009) and improved thereafter (1 month, 1.7 +/- 0.6, P < 0.001; 6 months, 1.6 +/- 0.5, P < 0.001; last follow-up, 1.7 +/- 0.9, P = 0.02); only four @entity1 showed a significant decline in renal function after conversion. Seven (11.3%) @entity1 experienced acute rejection (Group A, two; Group B, five; P = NS) and this resulted in the discontinuation of @entity3446 in one @entity1 . Fifty-four adverse events occurred in 40 (67%) @entity1 , with similar numbers of adverse events in Group A and Group B. Most episodes of rejection (5/7; 71%), adverse events (45/54; 83%), and discontinuations (5/8; 63%) occurred within 6 months of conversion. We conclude that both @entity3446 monotherapy and @entity3446 in combination with @entity229 and/or MMF are efficacious and safe in liver transplant recipients. Conversion to @entity3446 was associated with an immediate improvement in renal function that was sustained during the follow-up.

title: @entity3446 monotherapy versus XXXX in combination with @entity230 and/or MMF for immunosuppression after liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity9909 :: ('23523', 'Gene') :: ['Calcineurin inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: This study was designed to establish whether the low volume and irregular border of the @entity2175 would be normalised after reversal of @entity6 . METHODS: A total of 29 individuals with @entity164 2 @entity6 undertook a very low energy (very low calorie) diet for 8  weeks followed by weight maintenance for 6  months. Methods were established to quantify the pancreas volume and degree of irregularity of the pancreas border. Three-dimensional volume-rendering and fractal dimension (FD) analysis of the MRI-acquired images were employed, as was three-point Dixon imaging to quantify the fat content. RESULTS: There was no change in pancreas volume 6  months after reversal of @entity6 compared with baseline (52.0        4.9  cm(3) and 51.4        4.5  cm(3), respectively; p   =   0.69), nor was any volumetric change observed in the non-responders. There was an inverse relationship between the volume and fat content of the pancreas in the total study population (r   =-0.50, p   =   0.006). Reversal of @entity6 was associated with an increase in irregularity of the pancreas borders between baseline and 8  weeks ( @entity41193 .143        0.013 and 1.169        0.006, respectively; p   =   0.05), followed by a decrease at 6  months (1.130        0.012, p   =   0.006). On the other hand, no changes in FD were seen in the non-reversed group. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Restoration of normal @entity2690 secretion did not increase the subnormal pancreas volume over 6  months in the study population. A significant change in irregularity of the pancreas borders occurred after acute @entity353 only after reversal of @entity6 . Pancreas morphology in @entity164 2 @entity6 may be prognostically important, and its relationship to change in beta cell function requires further study.

title: Morphology of the @entity2175 : effect of XXXX with or without normalisation of @entity2690 secretory capacity.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas in type 2 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: RATIONALE: Severe @entity565 represents 5-10% of all @entity565 , yet remains problematic and poorly understood. Although it is increasingly recognized as consisting of numerous heterogenous phenotypes, their immunopathology, particularly in the distal airways and interstitium, remains poorly described. OBJECTIVES: To identify the pathobiology of atypical difficult @entity565 . METHODS: We report 10 from a total of 19 @entity1 (17 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ) meeting @entity565 and severe @entity565 definitions, requiring daily systemic corticosteroid (CS) use, with @entity854 on chest computed tomography scans, who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsies for further diagnosis and management. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The pathology of 10 of the 19 cases revealed small airway changes consistent with @entity565 ( @entity1712 , @entity1373 ), but with the unexpected finding of interstitial nonnecrotizing @entity738 . These @entity1 had no evidence for @entity56 , but 70% of cases had a personal or family history of @entity792 . The 10 cases were treated with @entity500 , @entity3442 , @entity1499 , or infliximab. Nine of 10 showed decreased CS requirements and improved or maintained FEV(1) despite lower CS doses. Of the remaining nine @entity1 , six manifested @entity1565 , alone or in combination with alveolar septal mononuclear cells, but no @entity738 , whereas three manifested other pathologic findings ( @entity1173 , @entity55 , or thromboemboli). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that a subset of severe " @entity565 " manifests a granulomatous pathology, which we term " @entity748 @entity2883 ." Although identification of this disease currently requires a thorascopic biopsy, alternative approaches to therapy lead to improvement in outcomes.

title: XXXX : a novel disease with @entity748 and granulomatous features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity3442 :: ('MESH:D009173', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolic acid']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['goblet cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1565 :: ('MESH:D056151', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic small airway disease']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['inconsistent abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune-like disease']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['Asthmatic granulomatosis']


abstract: The anterior pretectal nucleus (APtN) participates in nociceptive and antinociceptive mechanisms. Drugs were injected into the ventral APtN to evaluate how intrinsic mechanisms interact in the nucleus during persistent @entity1931 produced by a @entity954 in a @entity35 hind paw. @entity1510 (1 and 10 ng/0.08 microl), @entity3858 (0.037 and 3.7 ng/0.08 microl) or @entity3897 (0.1 and 10 ng/0.08 microl) increased the @entity1931 . The effect of @entity3858 was intensified by @entity1510 or @entity3897 , the effect of @entity3897 was intensified by @entity1510 or @entity3858 , but the effect of @entity1510 was not changed by @entity3858 or @entity3897 . @entity7862 (1.5 microg/0.08 microl), @entity5592 (5 microg/0.08 microl) or @entity750 (5 microg/0.08 microl) reduced the @entity1931 . The effect of @entity7862 was less intense in @entity3858 -treated @entity35 but was not changed in @entity3897 -treated @entity35 , the effect of @entity750 was not changed by @entity1510 or @entity3897 , and the effect of @entity5592 was not changed by @entity1510 or @entity3858 . @entity1772 (150 ng/0.08 microl) increased, whereas phaclofen (300 ng/0.1 microl) reduced the @entity1931 . Bicuculline (50 ng/0.08 microl) increased the incision @entity158 , while @entity6341 (50 ng/0.08 microl) did not change it. @entity19666 was inhibited by @entity3858 but was unchanged by @entity3897 . The effect of @entity7862 was reduced by @entity19666 (100 ng/0.1 microl). We interpret these results as indicative that noxious inputs utilize cholinergic and serotonergic pathways in the vAPtN for the activation of descending @entity158 control mechanisms, the serotonergic pathway being under the control of GABAergic neurons which, in turn, are modulated negatively by opioid nerve terminals.

title: Modulation of persistent nociceptive inputs in the anterior pretectal nucleus of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6341 :: ('MESH:D009118', 'Chemical') :: ['muscimol']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity3858 :: ('MESH:D008784', 'Chemical') :: ['methysergide']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone', 'naloxone']

entities_list: @entity5592 :: ('MESH:D010095', 'Chemical') :: ['oxotremorine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['surgical incision']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['Baclofen']

entities_list: @entity19666 :: ('MESH:C052329', 'Chemical') :: ['Phaclofen', 'phaclofen']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Guidelines recommend supportive care for all newborns >26 weeks' gestational age and recognize the importance of prenatal consultation by a neonatalogist for mothers at risk of @entity3465 . These recommendations are drawn from medical expert opinions and emphasize informing parents about prematurity. The literature regarding parents' perspectives of prenatal consultation is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To explore mothers' concerns about @entity3152 and their expectations from the prenatal consultation with a neonatologist. METHODS: Interviews of @entity1 hospitalized for @entity3152 (26 to 32 weeks' gestation) were conducted before they met with the neonatologist. The analysis was informed by grounded theory. RESULTS: The @entity1 's stressful experience was their main focus; they expressed a strong sense of loss of control and powerlessness. The consultation was perceived as an added source of stress, but they all hoped that it would reassure them. They wanted information about prematurity and the roles they would play for their baby. They expected the neonatologist to be supportive, open and trustworthy. CONCLUSION: Prenatal consultation is perceived as a source of both stress and reassurance. @entity1 believe the latter can be achieved through a supportive consultation with the neonatologist, during which tools providing them with a sense of empowerment are presented.

title: From powerlessness to empowerment: Mothers expect more than information from the prenatal consultation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labour']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['premature delivery']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['preterm labour']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the neuroprotective role of @entity1092 (VPA) in a hippocampal neuronal cell line (HT22) and the hippocampus of @entity3392 after exposure to radiation. METHODS: We investigated whether VPA could protect HT22 hippocampal neurons and the hippocampus of @entity3392 from radiation-induced injury. We measured the generation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS), the mitochondrial membrane potential, the levels of @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) and @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), and the activity of @entity224 dismutase (SOD). The expression of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor 2 ( @entity39028 ) and @entity39029 ( @entity39029 ) was also measured. The @entity73 of the @entity3392 was evaluated 1 month after radiation exposure. RESULTS: VPA treatment improved the survival rate (300 mg/kg body weight (BW) VPA: 76.67%; 100 mg/kg BW VPA: 56.7%) of @entity3392 1 month after exposure to a lethal dose of whole-body irradiation (P<0.01). VPA treatment decreased the ROS generation (P<0.01), decreased the @entity1865 levels (P<0.01), increased the @entity6172 levels (P<0.01) and increased the SOD activity (P<0.01). VPA treatment activated the @entity39028 / @entity39029 pathway, increased the nuclear translocation of @entity39028 and increased the mRNA (P<0.01) and protein expression of @entity39029 to prevent radiation-induced @entity528 . SiRNA knockdown of the @entity39028 gene prevented the VPA-induced @entity1161 in the HT22 neuronal cells that was found in the control cells (40.09  1.76% vs. 41.14  1.09%, P>0.05). VPA also improved the @entity3392 @entity73 after radiation-induced @entity528 as measured by the exploration test (control 5.74  1.42 min vs. radiation therapy 16.39  4.03 min vs. radiation therapy plus VPA 7.18  1.79 min, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: ROS generation after radiation exposure contributes to DNA damage in the @entity3392 brain. VPA inhibits ROS generation by activating the @entity39028 / @entity39029 pathway, which improves @entity73 following radiation-induced @entity528 .

title: @entity1092 prevents radiation-induced injury in hippocampal neurons via activation of the @entity39028 / XXXX pathway.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive behavior']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium valproate']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['attenuation of radiation injury']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity39029 :: (791518(Tax:7955),Gene) :: ['HO-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Pudendal nerve stimulation (PNS) aims to maximize afferent or efferent stimulation from the sacral plexus. BACKGROUND: We hypothesized this may be a promising new treatment for @entity1 with @entity29 in complete @entity1971 ( @entity1971 ). METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with complete @entity1971 [8 constipation predominant (group 1) and 5 incontinence predominant (group 2)] had a 3-week trial of PNS. @entity1 who showed a 50% or more improvement in symptoms during the trial phase proceeded to permanent @entity737 . RESULTS: Five (63%) of the 8 @entity1 in group 1 showed a 50% or more improvement in bowel symptoms during the trial phase and were permanently implanted. The mean Cleveland Clinic constipation score, sense of incomplete evacuation (%), and straining during defecation (%) improved from 17    3.2 to 10    4.5, 94    18% to 30    35%, and 81    23% to 44    38%, respectively. All 5 @entity1 in group 2 showed a 50% or more reduction in incontinent @entity2749 during the trial phase. The mean St Mark's score, ability to defer defecation, and the number of incontinent @entity2749 per week improved from 18    1.0 to 3.8    2.5, 2.2    1.8 to 11    5.5 minutes, and 9.4    10.7 to 0.4    0.5 @entity2749 , respectively, per week. During a median follow-up of 12 (10-22) months of permanent implantation, one @entity1 lost efficacy at 6 months due to lead migration and another required removal and reimplantation of the neurostimulator due to wound @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: PNS is an effective treatment in the short term for @entity29 in some @entity1 with complete @entity1971 .

title: Pudendal nerve stimulation for @entity29 in complete XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['neurostimulator implantation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda equina syndrome', 'CES']

answer: @entity1971 :: (MESH:D011128,Disease) :: ['cauda equina syndrome']


abstract: Somatosympathetic reflexes were studied in young hyperinsulinemic, insulin-resistant (Zucker fatty) @entity35 (ZFR) and a related control (Zucker lean) strain (ZLR). @entity413 metabolism was characterized by minimal model analysis of intravenous @entity413 tolerance test data. Seven-week-old ZFR (n=18) and ZLR (n=17) were studied under pentobarbital anesthesia. Mean body weight and plasma @entity413 and insulin concentration were significantly greater (P<0.05) in ZFR than in ZLR, whereas basal values of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were not significantly different. Increments of MAP (DeltaMAP) and HR (DeltaHR) elicited by electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve (5-s trains of 100 pulses, 0.5-ms pulse duration, 100- to 400-microA pulse intensity) were significantly higher (ANOVA, P<0.05) in ZFR at each level of stimulus intensity. Regression analysis showed a linear increase in DeltaMAP and DeltaHR with increasing sciatic nerve stimulus intensity. Pressor responses to @entity2647 after ganglionic blockade demonstrated that vascular reactivity to adrenergic stimulation is not increased in ZFR compared with ZLR. Thus this factor does not contribute to enhancement of somatosympathetic reflexes observed in this strain. Insulin sensitivity in ZFR was one-fourth (P<0.05) that in ZLR. These results suggest that stronger sympathetic nervous reactivity in ZFR is associated with a severe insulin-resistant state before the onset of @entity101 and support the hypothesis that insulin-mediated stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system is involved in the development of @entity65 related to alterations of @entity413 metabolism.

title: Enhanced sympathetic reactivity associates with insulin resistance in the young Zucker XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity5 and insufficient @entity158 relief from nonopioid analgesics were treated with slow-release @entity1340 for initial dose finding and as a long-term treatment. Immediate-release @entity1340 was provided for the treatment of @entity158 and a standard nonopioid analgesic (1000 mg naproxen daily) was given as suggested for step 2 of the WHO analgesic ladder. Ninety of 146 @entity1 (62%) completed the 6-week trial period. Drop-outs were due to adverse events (20%), inadequate @entity158 relief (9%), or both (2.5%), @entity204 due to the underlying disease (4%), low @entity1 compliance (2%) or other reasons. Average and maximal @entity158 intensity decreased from day 1 to day 4. The number of @entity1 with good and complete @entity158 relief increased from 43% after week 1 to 71% after week 6 with maximum daily doses of @entity1340 up to 650 mg. However, 70% of the @entity1 still needed less than 400 mg @entity1340 per day in week 6. Most @entity1 (86%) experienced adverse events during the study period. Some common side effects of opioids, such as @entity1295 , @entity1296 , and @entity1142 , decreased in frequency over the 6 weeks. The frequency of other adverse events such as @entity390 , @entity391 and sweating did not change. Slow-release @entity1340 provided fast and efficient @entity158 relief in almost two-thirds of @entity1 both during initial dose finding and during long-term treatment, improving treatment options in step 2 of the WHO analgesic ladder.

title: Slow-release XXXX for treatment of chronic @entity158 --an open multicenter trial.

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['breakthrough pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1340 :: (MESH:D014147,Chemical) :: ['tramadol']


abstract: Immunization of BALB/c @entity19 with MOPC-104E @entity1582 protein induced idiotype-specific enhancing B cells that acted on anti-dextran antibody producing B cells. The enhancing cells have the surface phenotype of B cells. With the use of several H-2 or @entity7528 congenic @entity19 , it was found that the cooperation among B cells was controlled by both the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and @entity7528 . The capability to generate enhancing B cell activity was analyzed by using tetraparental bone marrow chimeras. (C57BL/6 X BALB/c)F1 @entity19 , for example, were lethally irradiated and were reconstituted with C57BL/6 and BALB/c bone marrow cells. Nine to 12 wk after the reconstitution, the chimeras were immunized with the @entity1582 protein and were tested for their enhancing B cell activity. After the removal of C57BL/6 origin cells by treatment with anti-H-2b + complement, residual cells exhibited enhancing B cell activity on BALB.B, as well as BALB/c antidextran antibody response. This indicates that the generation of H-2-restricted, idiotype-specific enhancing B cell activity differentiated adaptively so as to recognize foreign MHC as self under chimeric conditions. On the other hand, splenic B cells treated with anti-H-2d + complement did not enhance the responses of BALB/c or BALB.B. Even in a chimeric environment, the B cells of C57BL/6 origin could not obtain the ability to generate enhancing B cell activity upon immunization of the idiotype. The results described here, taken in conjunction with our previous studies, suggest that the Ig heavy chain gene(s) predominantly control the @entity7528 restriction properties of enhancing B cells, and the capability of MHC recognition by B cells is selected under chimeric conditions.

title: Adaptive differentiation of H-2- and XXXX -restricted B lymphocyte in tetraparental bone marrow chimera.

answer: @entity7528 :: (111507(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Igh']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Differentiation between benign and malignant branch-duct type @entity4929 ( @entity4929 ) remains challenging. OBJECTIVE: To examine the usefulness of pancreatic duct lavage cytology with cell block method for discriminating benign and malignant branch-duct type @entity4929 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between December 2007 and April 2011, @entity1 with branch-duct type @entity4929 having mural nodules on EUS were examined by pancreatic duct lavage cytology by using the cell block method. Cell block sections underwent @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining and mucin immunostainings (MUCs 1, 2, 5AC, and 6). DESIGN: Single-center, prospective study. SETTING: Academic medical center. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The sensitivity and specificity of cytology were assessed. The agreement between cytological and histological results for MUC was also examined. RESULTS: Cytology with this method was investigated in 44 @entity1 . Cell block diagnosis was @entity5 positive (class V or IV) in 11 @entity1 and negative (classes I, II, III, and noninformative) in 33. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of this method were 92%, 100%, 100%, and 97%, respectively. The cytological and histological results of MUCs 1, 2, 5AC, and 6 agreed in 88% (15/17), 94% (16/17), 88% (15/17), and 100% (17/17), respectively. LIMITATIONS: Single center and small number of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatic duct lavage cytology with the cell block method may be useful to differentiate between benign and malignant @entity4929 preoperatively and as well as to determine their mucin type.

title: Pancreatic duct lavage cytology with the cell block method for discriminating benign and malignant branch-duct type XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['IPMNs', 'intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity4929 :: (MESH:C565310,Disease) :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms']


abstract: Neurologic manifestations are not unusual in @entity1582 . Conversely meningeal and cerebral involvement have been very rarely reported. We report here on three @entity1 with @entity1582 and meningeal or cerebral involvement (two of them with autopsy study): one case of cerebellar involvement associated with secondary @entity9865 and two cases of meningeal involvement. We reviewed the characteristics of 20 cases of meningeal involvement with demonstration of plasma cells at cerebrospinal fluid analysis (18 previously reported cases and our two @entity1 ). Meningeal involvement occurs in @entity1 with initially stage III @entity1582 in 85% of cases and is associated with the occurrence of @entity9865 in 20% of cases. The most frequent neurologic signs are: confusion (60%), altered consciousness (25%), @entity426 (25%), @entity129 (25%). Meningismus is rarely present. Diagnosis is based on cerebrospinal fluid analysis after lumbar puncture which should be made after cranial magnetic resonance imaging. The diagnosis of intra-cranial @entity548 and @entity693 have to be cautiously ruled out. Despite treatments (systemic and/or intrathecal chemotherapy, radiation therapy), prognosis is very poor: mean time of survival after the occurrence of neurologic signs is about 2 months.

title: [Neuromeningeal sites of XXXX : 3 cases and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['infectious meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity9865 :: ('MESH:D007952', 'Disease') :: ['plasma cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['gait disorder']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recommended @entity14 ( @entity14 ) screening tests for adults ages 50 to 75 years include home @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ), sigmoidoscopy with @entity1503 , and colonoscopy. A newer test, computed tomographic (CT) colonography, has been recommended by some, but not all, national organizations. METHODS: We analyzed 2010 National Health Interview Survey data, including new CT colonography questions, from respondents ages 50 to 75 years (N = 8,952). We (i) assessed prevalence of @entity14 test use overall, by test type, and by sociodemographic and health care access factors and (ii) assessed reported reasons for not having a @entity14 test. RESULTS: The age-standardized percentage of respondents reporting @entity1503 , sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy within recommended time intervals was 58.3% [95% confidence interval (CI), 57.0-59.6]. Colonoscopy was the most commonly reported test [within past 10 years: 54.6% (95% CI, 53.2-55.9)]. Home @entity1503 and sigmoidoscopy with @entity1503 were less frequently used [ @entity1503 within past year: 8.8% (95% CI, 8.1-9.6); sigmoidoscopy within past 5 years with @entity1503 within past 3 years: 1.3% (95% CI, 1.0-1.6)]. CT colonography was rare: 1.3% (95% CI, 1.0-1.7). Increasing age, education, income, having health care insurance, and having a usual source of health care were associated with higher @entity14 test use. Test use within recommended time intervals was particularly low among individuals ages 50 to 64 years without health care insurance [21.2% (95% CI, 18.3-24.4)]. The most common reason for nonuse was "no reason or never thought about it." CONCLUSIONS: About 40% of Americans ages 50 to 75 years do not meet the recommendations for having @entity14 screening tests. IMPACT: Expanded health care coverage and greater awareness of @entity14 screening are needed to further decrease @entity14 mortality.

title: Patterns of XXXX test use, including CT colonography, in the 2010 National Health Interview Survey.

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['FOBT', 'fecal occult blood tests']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Capsule endoscopy (CE) is approved for the evaluation of obscure @entity360 and its use has increased in the assessment of @entity1 with various @entity29 . The yield of CE for indications of disorders other than @entity360 is not yet well described. The aim of the present study was to determine in which subgroup of @entity1 with unexplained @entity490 , CE would be a helpful evaluation tool. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The results of CE in 110 @entity1 (70 M, 40 F, mean age 50.8+/-14.1 years) with unexplained @entity490 from 12 tertiary referral centers between September 2002 and September 2004 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The visualization of the small bowel to the cecum was successfully carried out in 69.1% of the @entity1 . Nineteen out of the 110 cases revealed positive findings that explained the symptoms of the @entity1 (diagnostic yield=17.3%). Diagnosis included @entity29 (5), @entity30 (3), @entity5 (2), radiation-induced @entity1681 (1), NSAID-induced @entity7017 (1), @entity63 (1), @entity9676 (1), and significant erosion or @entity1066 (5). By univariate logistic regression analysis, the positive findings of CE were significantly associated with @entity353 (odds ratio (OR), 11.9; 95% CI [2.0, 70.6]), elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (>20 mm/h) (OR, 11.5; 95% CI (1.9, 69.5)), elevated @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) (>or=0.4 mg/dL) (OR, 5.0; 95% CI (1.6, 15.9)), and @entity4988 (albumin<3 g/dL) (OR, 23.1; 95% CI (2.4, 223.1)). Using a multivariate analysis, @entity353 was found to be a significant risk factor for positive findings of CE (OR, 18.6; 95% CI (1.6, 222.4), p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that CE can be helpful in @entity1 suffering from @entity490 that cannot be explained by established examinations, if the @entity158 is accompanied by @entity353 .

title: Abdominal @entity158 accompanied by XXXX may increase the diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy: a Korean multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic ileitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['small-bowel tumor']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['small-bowel stricture', 'small-bowel disorders']

entities_list: @entity7017 :: ('MESH:C538273', 'Disease') :: ['enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity9676 :: ('MESH:D008201', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse lymphangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['GI bleeding', 'gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['enteritis']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: Dispatch centre processing times for out-of-hospital @entity1167 or @entity3124 @entity1 should be as short as possible. A modified 'pre-alert' dispatch workflow might be able to improve the processing time. METHODS: Between October 2010 and May 2011 dispatch events, suspicious for @entity1167 , were prospectively randomized in 24h clusters. The emergency medical service of the intervention group got, based on the dispatchers impression, a 'pre-alert' alarm-message followed by the standard Medical Priority Dispatch System query whereas the control group did not. RESULTS: In 225 clusters 1500 events were eligible for analysis. Data are presented as median and 25-75 interquartile ranges. Per-protocol analysis demonstrated for the intervention group on 'pre-alert' days a median processing time of 143 s (109-187; n=256) versus 198 s (167-255; n=502) in the control group on non 'pre-alert' days, with a difference of 0.23 log-seconds (p<0.001; 95% CI 0.74-0.28). In critical ill @entity1 , intention-to-treat analysis showed for the intervention group a median of 168 s (131-264; n=153) versus 239 s (176-309; n=164) in the control group, with a difference of 1.4 log-seconds (p<0.001; 95% CI 1.25-1.55). CONCLUSION: Dispatch times can effectively be reduced in cases of out-of-hospital @entity1167 or critical ill @entity1 with a 'pre-alert' dispatch workflow in combination with the Medical Priority Dispatch System protocol. This might play an important role in improving @entity1 care.

title: Dispatchers impression plus Medical Priority Dispatch System reduced dispatch centre times in cases of out of hospital XXXX . Pre-alert--a prospective, cluster randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Many enzymes require the @entity5334 cofactor, Moco. Under Mo-limiting conditions, the high-affinity ABC transporter ModABC permits molybdate uptake and Moco biosynthesis in bacteria. Under Mo-replete conditions, @entity526 represses modABC transcription by the one-component regulator, ModE, consisting of a DNA-binding and a molybdate-sensing domain. Instead of a full-length ModE protein, many bacteria have a shorter ModE protein, ModE(S) , consisting of a DNA-binding domain only. Here we asked how such proteins sense the intracellular @entity5334 status. We show that the @entity3261 ModE(S) protein @entity38513 is essential for modABC repression. ModE(S) binds two Mo-boxes in the modA promoter as shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Northern analysis revealed cotranscription of modE(S) with the upstream gene, @entity38514 , which was dispensable for ModE(S) activity. To identify genes controlling ModE(S) function, we performed transposon mutagenesis. Tn5 insertions resulting in derepressed modA transcription mapped to the @entity38514 -modE(S) operon and several Moco biosynthesis genes. We conclude that A. tumefaciens ModE(S) activity responds to Moco availability rather than to molybdate concentration directly, as is the case for @entity526 ModE. Similar results in @entity16258 suggest that Moco dependence is a common feature of ModE(S) regulators. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Molybdate uptake by @entity3261 correlates with the cellular XXXX cofactor status.

entities_list: @entity3261 :: ('358', 'Species') :: ['Agrobacterium tumefaciens']

entities_list: @entity5334 :: ('MESH:D008982', 'Chemical') :: ['molybdenum']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity16258 :: ('382', 'Species') :: ['Sinorhizobium meliloti']

answer: @entity5334 :: (MESH:D008982,Chemical) :: ['molybdenum']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity573 is a common nonspecific @entity1333 seen in childhood. The most significant long-term sequela is @entity574 . However, the spectrum of complications involves not only the heart, but also other organs such as the eyes, skin, kidneys, gallbladder, liver, and central nervous system. @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ) is a relatively unrecognized complication of the disease. Although most of the complications (except @entity574 ) are self-limiting, @entity1274 can be persistent. It is, especially important in @entity1 and young @entity1 who might not be able to report the @entity393 and are most likely to have cognitive and @entity10791 if this @entity393 is not addressed in a timely manner. We report a @entity1 with @entity573 who had @entity1274 during the 2(nd) week of the illness. The aim of this article is to briefly review the pathophysiology behind this @entity393 and strongly emphasize the importance of universal hearing evaluation in all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity573 . This screening in @entity1 with @entity573 may provide some timely intervention if needed. Since most @entity573 @entity1 will be seen by cardiologists, we hope to create more awareness about this complication to the cardiology community as well.

title: XXXX in @entity573 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['Sensorineural hearing loss', 'SNHL']

entities_list: @entity10791 :: ('MESH:D007805', 'Disease') :: ['speech delays']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'hearing deficits']

entities_list: @entity574 :: ('MESH:D003323', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['Sensorineural hearing loss']


abstract: The United States is currently beleaguered by twin epidemics, @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and @entity177 ( @entity177 ). @entity712 and @entity177 frequently coexist in the same @entity1 , and this conjunction, often called the " @entity9136 ," has important therapeutic and prognostic implications. Approximately 60% to 80% of @entity1 hospitalized for @entity712 have at least @entity703 as defined by the National Kidney Foundation (NKF), and this comorbid @entity177 is associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality risk. Numerous studies have demonstrated that in @entity1 with @entity712 , indices of renal function are the most powerful independent mortality risk predictors. Comorbid @entity177 can result from both @entity8 and inadequate renal perfusion. @entity731 , @entity8 , @entity6 , and @entity101 are significant precursors of both @entity712 and @entity177 . Moreover, diminished renal perfusion is frequently a consequence of the hemodynamic changes associated with @entity712 and its treatment. Both @entity712 and @entity177 stimulate neurohormonal activation, increasing both preload and afterload and reducing cardiac output. Inotropic agents augment this neurohormonal activation. In addition, diuretics can produce @entity3485 and intravenous vasodilators can cause @entity551 , further diminishing renal perfusion. Management of these @entity1 requires successfully negotiating the delicate balance between adequate @entity353 and worsening renal function. Despite this, few evidence-based data are available to guide management decisions, indicating a compelling need for additional studies in this @entity1 population.

title: The confounding issue of comorbid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9136 :: ('MESH:D059347', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorenal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic renal disease', 'renal vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['volume reduction']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency', 'RI']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['stage III renal dysfunction']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['renal insufficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a lack of large, randomized, double-blind studies that address @entity16206 up-dosing for @entity110 ( @entity110 ). OBJECTIVES: To explore and analyze available data to provide clinical evidence for @entity16206 up-dosing. METHODS: We searched literature using the keywords "chronic, @entity110 ,  antihistamines" in the Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane databases between January 1990 and November 2014. We assessed quality with the Jadad score that evaluates quality of randomization, double blinding, and losses to follow-up. We identified 1,042 articles, including 15 in the final evaluation. We performed two meta-analyses, one including studies that analyzed treatment response among groups receiving different @entity16206 doses versus placebo, and another that analyzed @entity16206 up-dosing in those @entity1 who did not respond to standard doses. RESULTS: Only five articles reached a high quality level. We did not find significant differences in rate's response or number of wheals between those @entity1 who received a standard dose vs. a high dose. We found a significant improvement only in the @entity111 variable of the @entity110 activity score (UAS) scale. The estimated relative risk for improvement by increasing the @entity16206 dose was 2.27 (95% CI 1.68-3.06); however, there was significant heterogeneity. The proportion of non-respondent @entity110 @entity1 who responded to @entity16206 up-dosing was 63.2% (95% CI 57-69.6%). CONCLUSIONS: We found that up-dosing antihistamines significantly improved control of @entity111 but not of wheal number. However, the relative weakness of the studies and the significant heterogeneity among them made it difficult to reach a final conclusion. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Up-dosing non-sedating antihistamines in XXXX with @entity110 : A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16206 :: ('CHEBI:37956', 'Chemical') :: ['antihistamine']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['chronic spontaneous urticaria', 'CSU', 'urticaria']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Grapevine leafroll ( @entity15224 ) is considered as the most economically important virus disease affecting @entity13788 ( @entity13788 .) in many grapevine-growing regions. @entity15224 produces distinct symptoms in red- and white-berried cultivars. In this study, we determined the complete genome sequence of an asymptomatic strain of @entity41940 ( @entity35201 ) and studied its impacts on fruit yield and berry quality attributes in an own-rooted, red-berried @entity13788 cultivar. FINDINGS: The complete genome of @entity35201 obtained from a red-berried @entity13788 cultivar Sangiovese, designated as @entity35201 -SG, was determined to be 16,474 @entity2036 in length. In pairwise comparisons, using complete genome sequences of @entity35201 strains available in GenBank, @entity35201 -SG was more closely related to @entity35201 -OR1 from Oregon, USA, and @entity35201 -93/955 from South Africa, and distantly related to @entity35201 -BD from Italy and @entity35201 -RG from USA. Fruit yield estimates and berry quality analysis at the time of commercial harvest indicated that @entity35201 -SG had little impact on fruit yield and total soluble solids, juice pH and total @entity4211 of berry skin. CONCLUSIONS: Because so little is known about the effects of asymptomatic @entity778 in @entity13788 , this study expanded our knowledge of the occurrence and impacts of @entity35201 causing @entity4092 . Our results indicated that an asymptomatic strain of @entity35201 may not cause significant effects to overall fruit yield and berry quality in own-rooted vines, but can affect its host in more subtle ways. Since disease symptoms are not apparent, relying on visual symptoms during disease surveys may result in the escape of asymptomatic strains of @entity35201 . Thus, it is necessary to use appropriate diagnostic assays for reliable detection of viruses causing @entity4092 .

title: Molecular characterization and impacts of a strain of @entity41940 causing @entity4092 in a XXXX cultivar.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus infections']

entities_list: @entity41940 :: ('64003', 'Species') :: ['Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity13788 :: ('29760', 'Species') :: ['wine grapes', 'wine grape', 'Vitis vinifera L']

entities_list: @entity4211 :: ('MESH:D000872', 'Chemical') :: ['anthocyanins']

entities_list: @entity4092 :: ('MESH:D058345', 'Disease') :: ['asymptomatic infections']

answer: @entity13788 :: (29760,Species) :: ['wine grape']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Matrix coil in prevention of recanalization of @entity438 after embolization with Matrix coils. METHODS: Plan of follow-up was designed to make digital subtraction angiographies for Forty-eight @entity438 @entity1 with 49 @entity439 s, 22 males and 26 females, aged 52 (15 ~ 67), underwent embolization with Matrix coil and were followed up for 11.75 months on average. Digital subtraction angiography was conducted immediately after the operation and during the follow-up. At least three projections, including anterior-posterior projection, lateral projection, and optimal working projection were adopted. The percentages of occlusion of the initial and the follow-up images were compared. RESULTS: DSA immediately after the operation showed a complete occlusion rate of 34.7%, near complete rate of 42.9% and an incomplete rate of 22.4%. The follow-up DSA revealed that the complete occlusion rate was 53.1%, near complete rate was 24.5%, and incomplete rate was 22.4%. The overall recanalization rate was 28.5%, 22.2% for small @entity439 and 46.1% for large @entity439 . The major recanalization rate was 14.3% and the improvement rate was 24.5%. The recanalization rate was 11.8% for total occlusion, 33.3% for near complete occlusion, and 45.5% for incomplete. CONCLUSION: The long-term angiographic outcome of @entity438 after embolization with Matrix coils is stable. The recanalization rate is acceptable and is not better than that of GDCs.

title: [Angiographic outcomes of XXXX embolized with Matrix coils].

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm', 'intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['cerebral aneurysms']


abstract: @entity742 erythrocyte membranes have been shown in this laboratory to undergo spontaneous vesiculation when incubated at 4 degrees, fractionating into two bands in dextran gradients (R. McGuire and R. Barber, submitted for publication). While vesicles were observed to be formed in several solvent systems, incubation in the presence of complexors to remove divalent cations was found to be the most efficient method for both vesicle formation and their detachment from the residual membrane. We report here on the characterization of these vesicles formed by spontaneous vesiculation. In the presence of a hypotnoic buffer containing 1 mM @entity1098 , vesicle production proceeds linearly up to 50 hours and declines, reaching its maximum at 72 hours with up to 20% of the total membrane protein found in the upper band. This upper band is shown in electron micrographs to be composed chiefly of closed vesicles, while the particles in the lower band appear morphologically similar to the original ghosts. Total phospholipid @entity3151 and @entity165 in the vesicles are enriched to the same extent, giving a lipid to protein ratio of 2 times that found for whole ghosts. The vesicles contain the same individual phospholipids as the ghosts. The protein composition of these vesicles is unique, in that they are almost depleted in the known extrinsic membrane proteins, while containing practically all types of the various glycoproteins of the original membrane. The two main intrinsic membrane proteins (with apparent molecular weights of 160,000 and 100,000) are found almost exclusively in the vesicles, virtually depleted in the residual ghost-like particles. The protein with 160,000 molecular weight is shown here to be a glycoprotein, giving an anomalous molecular weight on @entity3208 gels and having a molecular weight of approximately 50,000 after lipid extraction. This same glycoprotein appears to fractionate with acetylcholinesterase. From the accessibilities of the substrates to the membrane acetylcholinesterase and @entity2125 -diaphorase, it is concluded that the vesicles are right-side-out and sealed to small molecules. There are more membrane @entity3167 residues accessible to neuraminidase in the vesicles (in terms of number of residues/mg og membrane protein) than in ghosts, further supporting the conclustion that these vesicles have a normal orientation and are enriched in glycoproteins. The specific activity of acetylcholinesterase in the vesicles is increased 5- to 6-fold over that found in the original ghosts and almost 20-fold over that in the residual ghost-like particles. Consequently, spontaneous vesiculation occurs simultaneously with the enrichement of specific membrane proteins in certain regions of the lipid bilayer. It is postulated that these domains in the membrane, containing clusters of specific intrinsic membrane proteins, bud out and subsequently release glycoprotein-enriched lipid vesicles.

title: Glycoprotein-enriched vesicles from XXXX erythrocyte ghosts obtained by spontaneous vesiculation.

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: To clarify role of alveolar macrophages in the pathogenesis of @entity16058 ( @entity16058 ), we studied (1) the localization and expression of @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) in @entity16058 by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. (2) the role of @entity2842 in macrophage recruitment to be lung, and (3) the clinical usefulness of measuring @entity2842 . (1) In @entity16058 , @entity2842 was observed in cuboidal and flattened metaplastic epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages, and vascular endothelial cells. In contrast, no epithelial cells from @entity1 without @entity16058 stained positive for @entity2842 , although alveolar macrophages and vascular endothelial cells were labeled. @entity2842 production by epithelial cells in @entity16058 may be caused by the metaplastic nature of the epithelial cells and may be a main cause of the irreversible progression of @entity16058 . (2) @entity2842 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were significantly higher in the @entity16058 , the @entity401 due to @entity1413 ( @entity7173 ) and @entity370 groups than in normal controls. In the @entity16058 group, the @entity2842 level was significantly higher than in any other @entity1 groups. In all three groups of @entity1 , the monocyte chemotactic activity in BALF correlated positively with the @entity2842 levels in BALF, and were neutralized by anti- @entity2842 . (3) BALF @entity2842 levels were significantly higher than serum @entity2842 levels in the @entity16058 group, and they were lower in the @entity7173 and non-specific @entity401 groups. Serum @entity2842 levels reflected the activity of @entity401 , especially during treatment with corticosteroids. These results indicate (1) that @entity2842 plays a significant role in the recruitment of monocytes into the lung in @entity16058 , (2) that measuring @entity2842 levels both in BALF and in serum may help discriminate @entity16058 from other types of @entity401 , and (3) that monitoring the serum @entity2842 level may be useful in estimating the activity of @entity401 .

title: [Role of alveolar macrophages in the pathogenesis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16058 :: ('MESH:D054988', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic interstitial pneumonia', 'IIP']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung diseases', 'interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['collagen vascular disease']

answer: @entity16058 :: (MESH:D054988,Disease) :: ['idiopathic interstitial pneumonia']


abstract: Amblyopia is the leading cause of @entity1018 in @entity1 . It is treatable if diagnosed early, making identification of affected @entity1 critical. The American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend that clinicians routinely perform age-appropriate vision chart testing, red reflex testing, and examination for signs of strabismus. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends vision screening for all @entity1 at least once between three and five years of age to detect the presence of @entity4457 or its risk factors. Photoscreening may be a useful adjunct to traditional vision screening, but there is limited evidence that it improves visual outcomes. Treatments for @entity4457 include patching, @entity3897 eye drops, and optical penalization of the nonamblyopic eye. In @entity1 with moderate @entity4457 , patching for two hours daily is as effective as patching for six hours daily, and daily @entity3897 is as effective as daily patching. @entity1 older than seven years may still benefit from patching or @entity3897 , particularly if they have not previously received @entity4457 treatment. Amblyopia recurs in 25 percent of @entity1 after patching is discontinued. Tapering the amount of time a patch is worn each day at the end of treatment reduces the risk of recurrence.

title: Identification and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity4457 :: (MESH:D000550,Disease) :: ['amblyopia']