abstract: The efficiency of treatment of @entity293 with @entity11313 for 3 days, @entity11313 for 10 days, and @entity4680 for 3 days was compared in a randomized multicentre study comprising 264 @entity1 aged 1-15 years. For ethical reasons @entity1 with complicated diseases were not included. In these treatment groups no significant growth after treatment was found in 81%, 77%, and 74%, respectively (NS). New bacteria after treatment were found less frequently after @entity11313 for 3 days (4%) when compared to @entity11313 for 10 days (14%) and @entity4680 for 3 days (13%) (p = 0.048). After @entity4680 treatment 75% of new bacteria were @entity797 versus 25% after @entity11313 for 3 days and 18% after @entity11313 for 10 days (p = 0.016). In the subgroup with nephro-urological abnormalities no significant growth after treatment was found in 68% of the @entity11313 3-day treated group, 54% of the @entity11313 10-day treated group, and 67% of the @entity4680 3-day treated group (NS). All treatments resulted in a change in the bacterial sensitivity pattern when bacteria isolated 1-10 days after treatment was compared to those found before treatment. This was more pronounced after the 10-day treatment when compared to the 3-day treatment. The sensitivity patterns of the bacteria isolated from recurrences were similar to those seen before treatment. After treatment there was no difference in the actuarial percentage recurrence-free curves of the 3 treatment groups. Side effects were rare in the @entity11313 treated groups, and seen more often in the @entity4680 treated group. 3-day treatment with @entity11313 or alternatively @entity4680 is recommended as first choice for treatment of uncomplicated @entity293 in @entity1 .

title: Short-term treatment of @entity293 in @entity1 . Copenhagen Study Group of @entity293 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity11313 :: ('MESH:D013419', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethizole']

entities_list: @entity4680 :: ('MESH:D000561', 'Chemical') :: ['pivmecillinam']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus faecalis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['acute urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: The major causes of @entity204 following @entity510 are the effects of the initial bleed, aneurysmal rebleeding and delayed @entity1779 . Although in many cases the causes are unavoidable, in others they are potentially preventable. By conducting a Regional Audit of @entity1 who have died from @entity510 , we have attempted to quantify these concerns. The medical records and CT scans of 200 @entity1 who died from @entity510 in hospitals in the East Anglian Region over a 5-year period were analysed, with particular regard to the identification of potentially avoidable factors, including radiologically confirmed rebleeding, marked @entity1276 , and poor fluid and electrolyte resuscitation. Thirty-three @entity1 presented with World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) Grade V with fixed pupils. These @entity1 were deemed unsalvageable. Of the remainder, 106 were good grade (WFNS I-III) at initial presentation, 77 (73%) of whom died as a result of rebleeding (mean 10.4 days post-bleed) indicating delays in transfer and definitive treatment. Of the 61 poor grade @entity1 (WFNS IV and V with reactive pupils) marked @entity1276 occurred in 15 (25%) and poor resuscitation in 37 (61%). These were considered contributing factors to their poor clinical condition. Rebleeding was the main cause of @entity204 in the good grade @entity1 , and correctable factors were identified which are known to contribute to a poor clinical condition in poor grade @entity1 . The need for more rapid and active clinical intervention is indicated.

title: Factors implicated in deaths from XXXX : are they avoidable?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischaemia']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although instability of the knee joint is known to modify gait patterns, the amount that @entity1 compensate for joint laxity during active movements remains unknown. PURPOSE: By developing a novel technique to allow the assessment of tibiofemoral kinematics, this study aimed to elucidate the role of @entity14884 on active tibiofemoral kinematics during walking. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: Using motion capture, together with combinations of advanced techniques for assessing skeletal kinematics (including the symmetrical axis of rotation approach [SARA], symmetrical center of rotation estimation [SCoRE], and optimal common shape technique [OCST]), a novel noninvasive approach to evaluate dynamic tibiofemoral motion was demonstrated as both reproducible and repeatable. Passive and active anterior-posterior translations of the tibiofemoral joint were then examined in 13 @entity1 with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures that were confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging and compared with those in their healthy contralateral limbs. RESULTS: Passive tibial anterior translation was significantly greater in the ACL-ruptured knees than in the contralateral healthy controls. However, the femora of the ACL-ruptured knees generally remained more posterior (~3 mm) relative to the tibia within a gait cycle of walking compared with the healthy limbs. Surprisingly, the mean range of tibiofemoral anterior-posterior translation over an entire gait cycle was significantly lower in ACL-ruptured knees than in the healthy joints (P = .026). A positive correlation was detected between passive laxity and @entity2720 , but with a consistent reduction in the range of tibiofemoral anterior-posterior translation of approximately 3 mm in the @entity1347 knees. CONCLUSION: It seems that either active stabilization of tibiofemoral kinematics or anterior subluxation of the tibia reduces joint translation in lax knees. This implies that either a muscular overcompensation mechanism or a physical limitation due to secondary passive stabilizers occurs within the joint and thus produces a situation that has a reduced range of active motion compared with knees with physiological stability. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The reduced range of active tibiofemoral translation suggests overloading of the passive structures in passively lax knees, either through @entity2720 , and could provide a plausible mechanism for explaining posttraumatic @entity528 in the joint.

title: Anterior cruciate ligament-deficient @entity1 with XXXX have a decreased range of anterior-posterior motion during active movements.

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ACL-deficient']

entities_list: @entity14884 :: ('MESH:D007593', 'Disease') :: ['passive joint laxity']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['active joint mobility', 'excessive muscular action or joint subluxation']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of cartilage']

answer: @entity14884 :: (MESH:D007593,Disease) :: ['passive knee joint laxity']


abstract: Charcot spine, also known as @entity2720 , is a late complication of traumatic @entity1566 that can produce @entity158 . We report five cases of Charcot spine occurring in @entity1 with previous traumatic @entity1566 that we have identified at our institution from 1985 to 1994. All @entity1 had @entity451 with levels of @entity16 ranging from T7 to T12. Common presenting symptoms included @entity615 , loss of @entity508 , change in bladder function, and audible noises with motion. The diagnosis of Charcot spine was made from 6 to 31 years after original @entity1566 . In four cases where a surgical fusion had been performed, the @entity13144 developed within two spinal segments below the caudal end of the fusion. Radiological studies, especially plain films and computed tomography, were helpful in making the diagnoses. Immobilization of the affected joint is an essential element of treatment. Surgical repair and stabilization were performed in four @entity1 and has been recommended to the other @entity1 . Early diagnosis and proper treatment is important in preventing the progression of this disorder.

title: Charcot spine as a late complication of traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic injury']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity13144 :: ('MESH:D001177', 'Disease') :: ['Charcot joint']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain and further disability']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic spinal arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['complete paraplegia']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Static mouth pressure during maximal inspiratory efforts is commonly used to evaluate inspiratory muscle strength. However, @entity551 ( @entity551 ) presents some potential limitations likely to be overcome by the measure of mouth pressure during a maximal sniff maneuver in @entity1 with @entity425 . The aim of the present study was to assess whether mouth pressure during sniff maneuver (Pmosn) is a better index of inspiratory muscle strength than @entity551 in @entity1 with @entity16 ( @entity16 ) with and without @entity425 . SUBJECTS AND MEASUREMENTS: Both @entity551 and Pmosn were measured in 30 @entity1 affected by various types of @entity16 and in 41 control subjects. Pmosn was measured with a 5-cm latex balloon-catheter system, the balloon being held in the oral cavity with the lips closed. RESULTS: In control subjects, @entity551 was either similar (in female subjects) or higher (in male subjects) than Pmosn, the variation coefficients for the two tests being similar both in male subjects (19.3% vs 19.1% for @entity551 and Pmosn, respectively) and in female subjects (27.5% vs 26.2%, respectively). There was no difference in the Pmosn/ @entity551 ratios observed in the different diseases (one-way analysis of variance, F = 0.29, p = 0.91). In control subjects, a significant inverse relationship between Pmosn/ @entity551 ratio and @entity551 (r = - 0.66, p < 0.00001) was found, ie, the lower the @entity551 , the higher the Pmosn/ @entity551 ratio, suggesting an increasing difficulty in performing @entity551 as @entity551 values decreased. The majority of @entity1 were between the prediction limits of the regression calculated for control subjects. At variance, @entity1 with @entity1555 and @entity551 were under the prediction limits of the regression calculated for control subjects, indicating a lower-than-expected PMOSN. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity16 , irrespective of the etiology, we found the following: (1) Pmosn does not overcome the limitations of @entity551 measurement; (2) the two maneuvers are not interchangeable, but rather complement one another in the assessment of inspiratory muscle strength; (3) Pmosn may underestimate muscle strength as assessed by @entity551 in @entity1 with @entity16 with @entity425 ; and (4) in @entity1 with @entity551 , the lower-than-expected Pmosn/ @entity551 ratio confirms @entity425 .

title: Assessing inspiratory muscle strength in XXXX with @entity16 : comparative evaluation of two noninvasive techniques.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic and neuromuscular diseases', 'NNMD']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['inspiratory muscle weakness', 'respiratory muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['low MIP', 'maximal inspiratory pressure', 'MIP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: STUDY QUESTION: Do the adipocytokines, leptin and @entity1254 affect the granulosa cell expression of anti-Mullerian hormone ( @entity248 ) and its receptor (AMHR-II)? SUMMARY ANSWER: Leptin suppresses @entity248 mRNA levels in @entity1 luteinized granulosa cells through the @entity4016 / @entity4104 pathway, while @entity1254 has no such effect. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: @entity248 is one of the most reliable markers of ovarian reserve. Serum @entity248 levels decline with @entity28 . @entity28 is associated with elevated leptin and reduced @entity1254 levels. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE AND DURATION: This prospective study included 60 @entity249 @entity1 undergoing fresh IVF and ICSI cycles utilizing autologous oocytes at Montefiore's Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Health between July 2010 and April 2012. @entity1 /MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Follicular fluid was collected from small (SFs; <14 mm) and large follicles (LFs; >= 14 mm) from 38 @entity1 . Total RNA was extracted separately from mural and cumulus granulosa cells and mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR. In an additional group of @entity1 (N = 22), primary cumulus and mural granulosa cells (pooled SFs and LFs) were cultured in media alone or with addition of either leptin (N = 7), @entity1254 (N = 8) or @entity4016 / @entity4104 inhibitor + leptin (N = 7), and @entity248 and AMHR-II mRNA levels measured. Levels of @entity248 , leptin and @entity1254 protein were measured in follicular fluid. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: @entity248 and AMHR-II mRNA and follicular fluid @entity248 protein levels were inversely correlated with age. @entity248 mRNA expression was six times higher in cumulus compared with mural granulosa cells in SFs (P< 0.05) and eight times higher in cumulus compared with mural granulosa cells in LFs (P < 0.001). In follicular fluid, leptin protein level positively correlated (r = 0.7, P = 0.03), while @entity1254 protein level inversely correlated (r = -0.46, P = 0.02) with BMI. Leptin treatment suppressed @entity248 and AMHR-II mRNA in both cumulus and mural granulosa cells (all P < 0.05). In the presence of @entity4016 / @entity4104 inhibitor, leptin treatment did not alter @entity248 but continued to suppress AMHR-II mRNA in cumulus cells (P = 0.02). @entity1254 treatment did not alter @entity248 or AMHR-II mRNA levels. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: This study included a luteinized granulosa cell model as these cells were collected from @entity1 who were hyperstimulated with gonadotrophins. The results obtained may not fully extrapolate to non-luteinized granulosa cells. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: Leptin may program abnormal @entity248 signaling, thereby resulting in @entity2670 . This study opens a new perspective for understanding the low ovarian reserve seen in @entity28 @entity1 and provides new insights into potential mechanisms that explain the lower @entity248 seen in @entity28 @entity1 . Whether our findings explain the worse response to ovulation induction observed in @entity28 @entity1 needs to be further elucidated.

title: Leptin suppresses anti-Mullerian hormone gene expression through the XXXX / @entity4104 pathway in luteinized granulosa cells of @entity1 undergoing IVF.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'human', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertile']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1254 :: ('9370', 'Gene') :: ['Adiponectin', 'adiponectin']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian dysfunction']

answer: @entity4016 :: (3717,Gene) :: ['JAK2']


abstract: The surface of noncarious @entity75 (NCCLs) consists of sclerosed dentin. This type of dentin may affect the ability of adhesive restorative materials to bond well to its surface, but little information exists on the chemical nature of this dentin surface and how it may be affected during acidic treatment. The inorganic part of normal dentin and dentin from NCCLs before and after acid conditioning with @entity8718 or @entity3880 was investigated. Ten premolars with NCCLs and four @entity1 third molars (control) were used. Replicas of NCCLs were examined using @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). Surfaces and longitudinal sections of four NCCLs and control dentin discs were analyzed using Raman spectroscopy. The discs and NCCLs were sectioned, and treated with 35% @entity8718 or 20% @entity3880 /3% @entity15484 , and Raman spectra obtained. The area under @entity1391 nu1 of the dentin spectrum was computed to obtain a ratio with the area under the second-order spectrum of a @entity6619 phonon comparative standard. Mean @entity1391 nu1 and @entity6619 phonon ratios from normal dentin and NCCLs were compared using a linear model with repeated measurements and Tukey's pairwise tests. Mean ratios from different locations of the NCCLs were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's pairwise tests. @entity4653 micrographs of NCCL surfaces showed variation from relatively smooth with no dentinal tubule openings to surfaces with occluded tubules. The mean @entity1391 nu1 and @entity6619 phonon ratios for NCCLs were higher than those of normal dentin in all treatment groups (P < 0.05). Ratios from the untreated specimens were higher than those of the @entity3880 -treated specimens, and those for the @entity8718 -treated group were the lowest (P < 0.05). The ratios obtained for the surfaces of NCCLs were higher than those halfway towards the pulp, and those adjacent to the pulp were the lowest (P < 0.05).

title: Raman spectroscopic study of noncarious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8718 :: ('MESH:C030242', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoric acid']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lesions']

entities_list: @entity15484 :: ('MESH:C010845', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum chloride']

entities_list: @entity3880 :: ('CHEBI:51133', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['cervical lesions']


abstract: AIM: To compare the analgesic efficacy and @entity137 of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic drug, @entity6058 ( @entity3285 , Recordati @entity11028 , Milan) 10 mg p.o. (t.i.d.) with @entity3522 (Voltaren, Novartis Farma, Origglo, VA) 50 mg p.o. (t.i.d.) in @entity5 @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1118 . METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: The study was a multicenter randomized double-blind cross-over trial. Each treatment lasted 7 days, after which the @entity1 crossed over to the other drug. @entity158 intensity was evaluated by the visual analogue scale (VAS) after the first dose and by the 5-point verbal rating scale (VRS) by the @entity1 and by the physician following the 7-day treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: A total of 138 advanced @entity5 @entity1 were enrolled in the study. Overall 251 single-dose administrations (117 cross-over observations) and 257 multiple treatments (127 cross-over experiments) were assessable. After a single administration of @entity6058 and @entity3522 , no significant difference could be observed in analgesic activity, as indicated by the area under the pain-intensity time curve (AUC0-8), in the maximum efficacy, or the duration of efficacy of the two drugs. The Westlake confidence intervals of the AUC0-8 ratio ( @entity6058 : @entity3522 ) (1.07; 90% CI, 0.94-1.19), of the maximum efficacy ratio (1.03; 90% CI, 0.92-1.14), and the duration of efficacy ratio (1.05; 90% CI, 0.97-1.11) showed the bioequivalence of the two drugs. @entity158 relief was reported for multiple 7-day treatments, with no significant differences between the two therapies: according to the physician's evaluation, in 93/128 (73%; 95% CI, 65-80%) @entity6058 treatments and 91/129 (71%; 95% CI, 63-78%) @entity3522 treatments; according to the @entity1 's evaluation, in 83/128 cases (65%; 95% CI, 57-73%) after @entity6058 and in 74/129 cases (57%; 95% CI, 49-66%) after @entity3522 . Adverse symptoms were acceptable with both drugs. Interestingly, a pronounced sequence effect was found: gastric disturbances after @entity6058 were observed mainly (10 out of 15 observed events) when the drug was given to @entity1 pretreated with @entity3522 .

title: A double-blind evaluation of the analgesic efficacy and @entity137 of oral @entity6058 and @entity3522 in XXXX . The TD/10 recordati Protocol Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'Satisfactory pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1112 is a common cause of @entity73 affecting mostly males. There are several genetic causes implicated in this condition, which has hampered the establishment of an accurate diagnosis. We developed a multiplex-PCR assay for the mutational hotspot regions of the @entity10308 , @entity15676 and @entity23019 genes. METHODS: The multiplex-PCR was validated in a cohort of 100 males selected to include known alleles for the @entity10308 repetitive region: five full mutations (250-650 CGGs), ten premutations (70-165 CGGs) and eighty-five in the normal range (19-42 CGGs). Sequencing or Southern blotting was used to confirm the results, depending on the allele class. In this cohort, with the exception of one sample showing an @entity15676 intermediate-sized allele, all other samples were normal (8-34 CCGs). No @entity23019 variant was found besides the @entity51801 . The validated assay was applied to 5000 samples (64.4% males and 35.6% females). RESULTS: The normal-allelic range of both @entity10308 and @entity15676 genes as well as the nature of @entity23019 variants identified was similar in both genders. The rate of homozygosity observed in female samples, 27.5% for @entity10308 and 17.8% for @entity15676 alleles, is comparable to that published by others. Two @entity10308 premutations were identified, in a male (58 CGGs) and a female case [(CGG)(47)/(CGG)(61)], as well as several @entity10308 or @entity15676 intermediate-sized alleles. One @entity15676 premutation (68 CCGs) and two putative full expansions were picked up in male subjects, which seems relevant considering the rarity of reported @entity15676 mutations found in the absence of a family history. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a robust multiplex-PCR that can be used to screen the mutational hotspot regions of @entity10308 , @entity15676 and @entity23019 genes. Moreover, this strategy led to the identification of variants in all three genes, representing not only an improvement in allele-sizing but also in achieving a differential diagnosis. Although the distinction between females who are truly homozygous and those with a second pre- or full mutation sized allele, as well as a definitive diagnosis, requires a specific downstream technique, the use of this multiplex-PCR for initial screening is a cost-effective approach which widens the scope of detection.

title: Development and validation of a multiplex-PCR assay for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['inherited cognitive deficit']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked intellectual disability']

answer: @entity1112 :: (MESH:D040181,Disease) :: ['X-linked intellectual disability']


abstract: AIMS: Whereas cortical EEG effects of @entity1245 are well characterized, information about @entity1245 effects in other areas of the central nervous system is sparse. This study investigated the action of @entity1363 and its active metabolite @entity30532 on different parts of the auditory pathway in six healthy volunteers in a randomized, double-blind, three-way cross-over study. METHODS: Acoustically evoked short (SLP) and middle ( @entity14339 ) latency potentials, transitory evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE), and EEG power spectra were analysed after short i. v. injections of placebo, or 0.15 mg kg-1 @entity1363 , or @entity30532 , respectively. RESULTS: All subjects fell asleep during the 4 min infusion of active drug. SLP showed a significant transient increase of Jewett wave V 10 min after injection for @entity1363 and @entity30532 while the latency of wave I was unchanged. Both @entity1245 induced a marked and long-lasting @entity14339 amplitude decrease for 240 min with slow recovery over the following 360 min. No changes of TEOAE were observed. In agreement with earlier reports, increases in EEG beta activity and decreases in alpha activity were observed after administration of either drug. CONCLUSIONS: Systemically administered @entity1245 modulate the auditory pathway above the level of the cochlea. While SLP changes were closely associated with sedation and high plasma @entity1245 concentrations, @entity14339 effects persisted for hours after sedation even at low @entity1245 plasma levels. Evoked potentials may therefore be more sensitive than EEG as a tool to monitor @entity1245 effects.

title: Auditory and electroencephalographic effects of XXXX and @entity30532 in healthy subjects.

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine', 'benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity30532 :: ('MESH:C040081', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-hydroxy-midazolam']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated @entity4722 (t10c12-CLA) has been reported to enhance phagocyte function. @entity2718 toxin B (TcdB) has been known to inhibit Ras-homologous (Rho) guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) which play essential roles in neutrophil immune functions. Here, we examined whether in vitro treatment with t10c12-CLA modulates the filamentous actin (F-actin) polymerization, phagocytic capacity, and oxidative burst activity (OBA) of @entity235 peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (PMNs) exposed to TcdB. Treatment with t10c12-CLA, but not @entity4722 , enhanced PMN F-actin polymerization, phagocytic capacity, and OBA, while TcdB suppressed these functions. t10c12-CLA reversed the suppressive effects of TcdB on these PMN functions. t10c12-CLA stimulated F-actin polymerization regardless of whether phagocytosis was stimulated by microspheres but only elevated OBA when microspheres were added. We asked whether the effects of t10c12-CLA were associated with changes in the activation of the Rho GTPase @entity4871 . Treatment with t10c12-CLA augmented @entity4871 activity in both TcdB-treated and TcdB-naive PMNs during phagocytosis. Thus, t10c12-CLA up-regulates PMN phagocytic responses attenuated by TcdB. This effect is associated with an increase in actin polymerization and may involve the activation of @entity4871 .

title: Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated @entity4722 modulates phagocytic responses of XXXX peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes exposed to @entity2718 toxin B.

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To construct reference ranges for @entity32842 ( @entity32842 ) width at 11-13 weeks' gestation in healthy fetuses and determine whether open @entity3570 and @entity6804 could be diagnosed in the first trimester. METHODS: This was a retrospective study. @entity32842 width reference ranges were constructed based on the measurements obtained from 80 healthy fetuses with normal postnatal outcome undergoing routine first-trimester ultrasound at 11-13 weeks, using the Lambda-Mu-Sigma method. @entity32842 was measured in the fetal mid-sagittal view, as routinely used for nuchal translucency assessment. In addition, first-trimester ultrasound images in 11 fetuses with open @entity3570 or @entity6804 , most of which were diagnosed later in pregnancy, were retrospectively reviewed, and @entity32842 measurements were compared against reference ranges. RESULTS: @entity32842 width was noted to increase with gestational age in normal fetuses. The anomalies in the 11 fetuses we reviewed were: open @entity3570 (n   =   5), megacisterna magna (n   =   3), Blake's pouch cyst (n   =   2) and posterior fossa @entity145 (n   =   1). All fetuses with open @entity3570 had a @entity32842 width below the 5(th) percentile. In the two fetuses with Blake's pouch cyst and in two with megacisterna magna, @entity32842 width was above the 95(th) percentile. In one of the fetuses with a megacisterna magna and the one with an @entity145 , @entity32842 width was within normal range. CONCLUSION: We have constructed reference ranges for @entity32842 width at 11-13 weeks using the mid-sagittal view. It appears that first-trimester @entity32842 width can be used as a marker for the early detection of open @entity3570 . However, our findings need to be confirmed in prospective large series.

title: Cisterna magna width at 11-13 weeks in the detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32842 :: ('MESH:C536726', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'cisterna magna']

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity6804 :: ('MESH:D015192', 'Disease') :: ['posterior fossa anomalies']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cyst']

answer: @entity6804 :: (MESH:D015192,Disease) :: ['posterior fossa anomalies']


abstract: For the treatment of intractable generalized @entity302 , two-staged total callosotomy was performed in five @entity1 . In all @entity1 , preceded anterior callosotomy failed to obtain satisfactory @entity410 control. All @entity1 showed @entity1032 with various degrees. Mean age at the first operation was 10.2 years and 4 @entity1 were operated in their childhood. All @entity1 showed various types of @entity410 ; drop attack (DA) in 3 @entity1 , @entity410 ( @entity410 ) in 2, @entity2045 ( @entity2045 ) in 2, complex partial @entity410 (CPS) in 2, atypical absence (AA) in 1, and @entity135 ( @entity135 ) in 2. After anterior callosotomy, complete cessation of CPS and 50-80% reduction of DA was obtained in one, respectively. However, only less than 50% reduction of @entity410 was obtained in other types of @entity410 . Two years after anterior callosotomy, posterior portion of the corpus callosum was divided. After staged total callosotomy, complete cessation of DA was obtained in all @entity1 and 80-100% reduction of AA was obtained in one @entity1 . One adult @entity1 showed the disconnection syndrome which did not affect activities of his daily life. Our study revealed the efficacy of posterior callosotomy in DA @entity1 with unsatisfactory results after anterior callosotomy. This strategy should be considered especially in childhood cases, since obvious complication was not observed in such cases.

title: [Staged total callosotomy for medically intractable XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'TS', 'tonic seizure']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: Between August 1985 and June 1986, 49 previously untreated @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) were treated with the combination of @entity900 80 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1, @entity7324 3 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1 and 8, and @entity1138 -C 8 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 ( @entity27810 ), repeating after an interval of 4 weeks, and thereafter every 6 weeks. The median age for all @entity1 was 62 years, with a range of 21 to 77 years. All @entity1 had a performance status of 0, 1, or 2 (ECOG scale) and measurable disease. Histologic types included @entity957 (22 @entity1 ), @entity420 (22 @entity1 ), and @entity152 (6 @entity1 ). Forty-eight @entity1 were evaluable for response. Out of 48 @entity1 , one (2%) achieved a complete response and 24 @entity1 (50%) achieved a partial response, resulting in an overall response rate of 52% (95% confidence interval, 38-68%). The response rates were 52% for @entity957 , 45% for @entity420 , and 80% for @entity152 , respectively. The median duration of response was 4.2 months and the median duration of survival for all @entity1 was 10.6 months. The major @entity137 was myelosuppression. @entity1431 and @entity882 of grade 3 or 4 occurred in 85% and 33%, respectively. One @entity1 died of @entity295 associated with @entity1431 . Other @entity137 were manageable and reversible. In conclusion, the @entity27810 regimen was active and tolerable in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . Prospective randomized study comparing the @entity27810 regimen with the two-drug combination of @entity7324 and @entity900 is warranted.

title: @entity1138 , @entity7324 , and XXXX in advanced @entity1149 . A phase II study.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity7324 :: ('MESH:D014751', 'Chemical') :: ['vindesine']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['large-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia', 'Leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate left ventricular contractility, arterial loading conditions and the way their interaction affects myocardial energetics. BACKGROUND: Ventriculoarterial coupling, defined as the ratio of effective arterial elastance to left ventricular end-systolic elastance, is known to reflect the mechanoenergetic performance of the heart. However, relations between the coupling and efficiencies of energy transfer from @entity26 consumption to hydraulic energy have not been fully investigated in failing hearts. METHODS: Pressure-volume data were measured in 23 @entity1 with @entity1000 by using a conductance catheter, and myocardial @entity26 consumption was obtained simultaneously in 16 @entity1 by a double-thermistor coronary sinus catheter. End-systolic elastance was determined by transient inferior cava occlusion. RESULTS: Data are reported as mean value +/- SE. Ventriculoarterial coupling at baseline was 3.24 +/- 0.28. It decreased from 3.12 +/- 0.43 to 1.86 +/- 0.15 (p < 0.05) for the group receiving @entity452 infusion and from 3.16 +/- 0.45 to 1.78 +/- 0.22 (p < 0.01) for the group receiving the oral phosphodiesterase inhibitor @entity54372 . The ratio of pressure-volume area to myocardial @entity26 consumption had a positive correlation with ventriculoarterial coupling. The ratio of external work to pressure-volume area had a hyperbolic correlation with the coupling. The mechanical efficiency defined as the ratio of external work to myocardial @entity26 consumption remained within a narrow range (16.4 +/- 1.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The degree of ventriculoarterial coupling is far from optimal and the cardiovascular performance is severely @entity308 mechanically and energetically in @entity1 with @entity1000 . Although inotropic agents improve the coupling, they have a minimal effect on mechanical efficiency.

title: Relation between ventriculoarterial coupling and myocardial energetics in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1000 :: (MESH:C536277,Disease) :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Maintaining graft versus @entity1778 (GvL) and antivirus responses of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) while suppressing @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) remains a challenge after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Clinical observations indicate that combining glucocorticoids with multi- @entity669 -kinase inhibitors could be a successful therapeutic approach. We and others have shown that the @entity1861 /SRC kinase inhibitor @entity8947 may enhance or suppress T cells in vitro. In this report, we evaluated combination effects of @entity8947 and @entity619 on CD3    and virus-specific @entity405    T cells directly ex vivo and on antigen-specific @entity1778 -reactive and alloreactive @entity405    T cell clones. Functional outcomes assessed included cytokine production ( @entity1199 , @entity379 , @entity310 ), degranulation ( @entity3220 /b), activation ( @entity7986 upregulation), proliferation, apoptosis and @entity39 induction, and signal transduction. Overall, helper @entity404    T cells were more sensitive to inhibitory effects of the drug combination than cytotoxic @entity405    T cells and were more naive than memory T cell subsets. Of note, synergistic inhibitory effects occurred in different memory but not in naive T cell subsets. The drug combination inhibited virus-specific @entity405    T cell proliferation, but left cytokine production and degranulation unaltered, which may be @entity2414 . @entity8947 rather hampered @entity379 secretion and cytotoxic activity of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-reactive CTLs, whereas effector functions of @entity1778 -reactive CTLs were maintained or enhanced when applied long term. Our data suggest that @entity8947 might modulate GvL- differently than @entity2132 -promoting CTLs and provide a rationale to explore the drug combination further to treat @entity2132 while preserving GvL and antiviral CTL responses.

title: Combining @entity8947 with XXXX long-term leads to maintenance of antiviral and antileukemia specific cytotoxic T cell responses in  vitro.

entities_list: @entity8947 :: ('MESH:C488369', 'Chemical') :: ['Dasatinib', 'dasatinib']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GvHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['due to the viral memory subset composition']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the safety and efficacy of adjuvant combination therapy using @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for prevention of @entity1715 ( @entity1715 ) after vitrectomy and retinal reattachment surgery. DESIGN: Prospective randomized, double-masked, placebo controlled trial. @entity1 : One hundred seventy-four high-risk @entity1 were randomized to receive either @entity1487 and LMWH therapy or placebo. @entity1 were selected from all @entity1 undergoing primary vitrectomy for @entity1713 . METHOD: Results of standard surgery with @entity1487 and LMWH therapy or placebo were compared at the 6-month follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Development of @entity86 , retinal reattachment at 6 months after surgery, single operation reattachment rate, number of reoperations, and best-corrected visual acuity. RESULTS: There were 87 @entity1 in the @entity1487 and LMWH therapy group and 87 in the placebo group. The incidence of @entity86 was significantly lower (P = 0.02) in the @entity1487 and LMWH therapy compared with the placebo group. In 26.4% (23/87) of the placebo group and in 12.6% (11/87) of the @entity1487 and @entity6971 group, @entity86 developed. In the @entity1487 and LMWH group, the number of @entity1 undergoing more than one operation was 19.5% (17/87) and the number of reoperations resulting from @entity1715 was 52.9% (9/17). In the placebo group, the number of @entity1 undergoing more than one operation was 25.3% (22/87) and the number of reoperations resulting from @entity1715 was 72.7% (16/22). The difference in visual acuity was not statistically different in the two treatment groups, although those @entity1 in whom @entity86 developed tended to have poorer vision (P < 0.0001). There were no differences in complication rates between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant reduction in the incidence of @entity86 in @entity1 receiving the @entity1487 and LMWH therapy and in the reoperation rate resulting from @entity1715 . This trial shows that incidence of @entity1715 can be reduced with inexpensive and simple pharmacologic treatment with @entity1487 and LMWH and should be used routinely in the treatment of @entity1 at risk of developing @entity1715 .

title: Adjuvant @entity1487 and heparin prevents XXXX : Results from a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1715 :: ('MESH:D018630', 'Disease') :: ['PVR', 'proliferative vitreoretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['rhegmatogenous retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative PVR']

answer: @entity1715 :: (MESH:D018630,Disease) :: ['proliferative vitreoretinopathy']


abstract: In a previous study we found that ovariectomy resulted in an increase in both LHRH release and LH release in pubertal monkeys but not in prepubertal monkeys. To determine whether this castration-induced LHRH increase is due to the removal of @entity172 , in the present study, the effects of @entity4520 (EB, 30 micrograms/kg body wt) on in vivo LHRH release were examined using a push-pull perfusion method in prepubertal (age 15-19 months, n = 5), early pubertal (24-29 months, n = 5), and midpubertal (36-48 months, n = 5) female @entity2608 that were ovariectomized 3 to 5 months earlier. LHRH in 10-min perfusate fractions from the stalk-median eminence was measured from -6 to +24 h after EB injection. Circulating LH levels were also monitored over the same period at various intervals. EB decreased LH levels in early pubertal and midpubertal monkeys, whereas it did not cause any significant effects on LH release in the prepubertal monkey. EB also resulted in suppression of LHRH release in both early and midpubertal monkeys; mean LHRH release before EB in the early and midpubertal groups was 6.6 +/- 0.6 and 7.0 +/- 0.6 pg/ml.10 min, respectively. EB decreased mean LHRH release beginning 3 h after EB with the nadir occurring at 18-21 h after EB (1.0 +/- 0.2 pg/ml.10 min) in early pubertal monkeys and 21-24 h after EB (1.2 +/- 0.1 pg/ml.10 min) in midpubertal monkeys. Decrease of mean LHRH release was due to a decrease in LHRH pulse amplitude and basal release but not pulse frequency. Oil injection alone (control) failed to suppress LHRH and LH release. In contrast to the results in pubertal monkeys, mean LHRH release in prepubertal monkeys was not altered by EB (before EB, 1.1 +/- 0.2 pg/ml.10 min; 18-21 h after EB, 1.5 +/- 0.3 pg/ml.10 min). These results suggest that the LHRH neurosecretory system in pubertal monkeys is responsive to the negative feedback effects of @entity172 . However, the fact that @entity53 failed to suppress LHRH release in prepubertal monkeys indicates that the LHRH neurosecretory system and/or its regulatory systems are not sensitive to @entity53 before the onset of puberty. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the increase in pulsatile LHRH release at the onset of puberty is not dependent on changes in ovarian steroid feedback mechanisms.

title: Negative feedback effects of @entity172 on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone release occur in pubertal, but not prepubertal, ovariectomized female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity4520 :: ('MESH:C074283', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol benzoate']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkeys']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A few authors have reported the value of multidetector row CT (MDCT) for evaluating the longitudinal extent of @entity201 . They have not focused on CT attenuation of a @entity5 and @entity5 extent along the bile ducts. We designed the present study to analyze attenuation. METHODS: Between January 2003 and July 2005, 113 consecutive @entity1 with @entity201 underwent a surgical resection following MDCT. Of these MDCT studies, 73 (perihilar @entity201 , n = 62; middle and distal @entity201 , n = 11) were suitable for analysis, and the @entity1 were enrolled in the study. @entity1 were divided according to @entity5 hypoattenuation and hyperattenuation on MDCT. Histologic differentiation, @entity2269 , and vascular density were microscopically compared with the @entity5 attenuation to differentiate the characteristics of the attenuation. The extent of @entity5 along the bile duct diagnosed by MDCT was compared with the actual extent determined by the microscopic findings. RESULTS: @entity5 was observed in 40 @entity1 . There was no difference in histologic differentiation, @entity2269 , or vascular density between the hyperattenuated and @entity201 . Neither the proximal nor the distal borders between the normal and thickened bile duct wall could be determined in the 33 @entity1 with @entity5 ; in contrast, an accurate assessment of extent of @entity5 was obtained in 76% of the proximal borders and 82% of the distal borders in the 40 @entity1 with @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Although the cause of the difference between the hyperattenuated and @entity201 still is unclear, MDCT can be an alternative to direct cholangiography in selected @entity1 with @entity201 .

title: Value of multidetector row CT in the assessment of longitudinal extension of XXXX : correlation between MDCT and microscopic findings.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'hypoattenuated tumor', 'cancer', 'Hyperattenuated tumor', 'actual tumor', 'hyperattenuated tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['hypoattenuated cholangiocarcinomas', 'hyperattenuated cholangiocarcinoma', 'cholangiocarcinoma', 'hypoattenuated cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic reaction']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: A working ethological model of @entity161 was formulated on the basis of biological studies of social behavior in animals and the epidemiological and pertinclinical studies on @entity161 in @entity1 . It was proposed that @entity177 noted in relation to @entity161 might be based on developmental defects involving @entity146 and bio-social tendencies such as territoriality leading to inability to develop social bonds, structure social relations and flexibly perform various roles required for adaptive functioning in @entity1 society. Some of its implications were studied by comparing the premorbid life styles of a group of @entity161 at their best and those of a were of healthy matched controls. The measurements made using a specially designed life style assessment scale. Significant differences in the profiles were obtained, with the @entity1 generally doing worse than the controls. The most conspicuous were differences in items such as aggression-passivity, dominance hierarchy, social bond formation, @entity146 and general sociability. The data suggested premorbid failures of @entity1 to structure social relations through @entity146 , bond formation and territorial behavior. Particularly noteworthy was the maladaptive overt aggressivity in @entity1 . No significant difference was found in psycho-sexual functioning. These data were considered as consistent with the proposed hypothesis.

title: An ethological model of XXXX --a preliminary investigation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['fundamental social failures']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenics']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['intraspecific aggression', 'adaptive aggression', 'anti-social behavior']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Pressure overload is known to be a cause of @entity1283 that often transits to @entity712 . Although nuclear factor (NF)-kB is a key factor in the progression of @entity1283 , its pathophysiology is yet to be elucidated. Thus, we aimed to show that inhibition of NF-kB activation improves pressure overload-induced @entity299 . To assess the effect of inhibition on NF-kB activation in pressure overload @entity1283 , we used @entity52186 in a @entity19 thoracic aortic constriction ( @entity11636 ) model. @entity52186 inhibits the phosphorylation of @entity10181 via inhibition of @entity10181 kinase-b. @entity52186 (100 mg  kg(-1)  day(-1)) or vehicle was administered orally into @entity19 once a day, and @entity19 were euthanized on day 42 after @entity11636 . @entity11636 resulted in left ventricular wall thickening, @entity299 , and increases of heart and lung weight, whereas @entity52186 significantly suppressed the development of cardiac hypertropy 6 wk after @entity11636 . Histologically, developed @entity299 and cardiomyocyte @entity1184 occurred in the vehicle-treated group, whereas @entity52186 significantly attenuated these changes. @entity52186 suppressed the expression of @entity1992 -positive cells and nuclear translocation of @entity1992 induced by @entity11636 compared with vehicle. @entity5780 activity increased in the vehicle + @entity11636 -treated group; however, it was suppressed in the @entity52186 + @entity11636 -treated group. @entity52186 treatment from day 28 to day 42 after @entity11636 significantly attenuated the decrease in the percentage of fractional @entity3207 and @entity299 without an antihypertrophic effect. In conclusion, @entity52186 may be useful for preventing pressure overload-induced @entity299 and the transition of @entity1283 to contraction failure via suppression of NF-kB activation.

title: Inhibition of @entity10181 phosphorylation prevents load-induced XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity5780 :: ('17390(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Matrix metalloproteinase-2']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction', 'cardiac fibrosis']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac dysfunction']


abstract: A new unbreakable solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coating based on @entity9308 - @entity3440 nanocomposite was electrodeposited on a stainless steel wire. The electropolymerization process was carried out at a constant deposition potential, applied to the corresponding aqueous electrolyte containing @entity9308 and @entity3440 nanoparticles. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed the non-smooth and the porous surface structure of the prepared nanocomposite. The applicability of the new fiber coating was examined by headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) of some environmentally important @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ), as model compounds, from aqueous samples. Subsequently, the extracted analytes were transferred into a gas chromatography (GC) by thermal desorption. Parameters affecting the synthesizing and extraction processes including the voltage of power supply, the weight ratio of components, the time of electrodeposition, extraction time and temperature, the ionic strength, and desorption temperature and time were optimized. Eventually, the developed method was validated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). At the optimum conditions, the relative standard deviation (%RSD) values for a double distilled water spiked with the selected @entity2556 at 40 ng L(-1) were 6-13% (n=3) while the limit of detection (LOD) results were between 1 and 3 ng L(-1). The calibration graphs were linear in the concentration range from 20 to 4000 ng L(-1) (R(2)>0.995). Finally the developed method was applied to the analysis of Kalan dam, rain and tap water samples and the relative recovery values were found to be in the range of 76-109%, under optimized conditions. In addition, the synthesis of the nanocomposite coating was carried out conveniently while it is rather inexpensive, easy, simple, rapid and highly durable and can be used frequently.

title: XXXX - @entity3440 nanocomposite as a novel solid phase microextraction fiber coating.

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

answer: @entity9308 :: (MESH:C023650,Chemical) :: ['Aniline']


abstract: Bone adapts to mechanical stress, and bone cell cultures from animal origin have been shown to be highly sensitive to mechanical stress in vitro. In this study, we tested whether bone cell cultures from @entity1 bone biopsies respond to stress in a similar manner as animal bone cells and whether bone cells from @entity3604 @entity1 respond similarly to nonosteoporotic donors. Bone cell cultures were obtained as outgrowth from collagenase-stripped trabecular bone fragments from 17 nonosteoporotic donors between 7 and 77 yr of age and from 6 @entity3604 donors between 42 and 72 yr of age. After passage, the cells were mechanically stressed by treatment with pulsating fluid flow (PFF; 0.7 +/- 0.03 Pa at 5 Hz for 1 h) to mimic the stress-driven flow of interstitial fluid through the bone canaliculi, which is likely the stimulus for mechanosensation in bone in vivo. Similar to earlier studies in rodent and @entity1573 bone cells, the bone cells from nonosteoporotic donors responded to PFF with enhanced release of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) and @entity842 as well as a reduced release of transforming growth factor-beta ( @entity2533 ). The upregulation of @entity1421 but not the other responses continued for 24 h after 1 h of PFF treatment. The bone cells from @entity3604 donors responded in a similar manner as the nonosteoporotic donors except for the long-term @entity1421 release. The PFF-mediated upregulation of @entity1421 release during 24 h of postincubation after 1 h of PFF was significantly reduced in @entity3604 @entity1 compared with six age-matched controls as well as with the whole nonosteoporotic group. These results indicate that enhanced release of @entity1421 and @entity842 , as well as reduced release of @entity2533 , is a characteristic response of @entity1 bone cells to fluid shear stress, similar to animal bone cells. The results also suggest that bone cells from @entity3604 @entity1 may be impaired in their long-term response to mechanical stress.

title: Response of normal and @entity3604 XXXX bone cells to mechanical stress in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic splenectomy using @entity516 has been performed since 1992. The gasless abdominal wall-lifting method for laparoscopic splenectomy was introduced as an alternative. This retrospective study was undertaken to compare results using the two techniques. METHODS: Between 1995 and 2010, 54 @entity1 underwent laparoscopic splenectomy at a single institution; 30 underwent the procedure using the gasless technique and 24 using @entity516 . There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding age, sex or BMI, but more @entity1 underwent concurrent operations in the @entity516 group. The abdominal wall-lift system with subcutaneous K-wires was used for the gasless method. RESULTS: Intraoperative @entity190 was similar in the two groups (193.0    196.7 mL gasless, 217.3    296.6 mL @entity516 ; P > 0.05), but operative time (182.1    92.1 min, 135.1    46.1 min; P < 0.05), and resected spleen weight (306.1    297.7 g, 138    81.0 g; P < 0.05) were significantly different. In the gasless group, additional procedures included conversion (n = 1), mini-laparotomy (n = 2), and @entity515 insufflation (n = 2). Excluding the concurrent living-related kidney donor @entity1 , hospital stay was similar (6.9    2.5 days, 6.3    2.0 days, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Although gasless laparoscopic splenectomy is feasible, there are disadvantages, particularly the restricted operative working space in some @entity1 . These results suggest that either technique may be used on an individual basis in @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic splenectomy.

title: Laparoscopic splenectomy using XXXX or gasless abdominal wall lifting: a 15-year single institution experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity516 :: (MESH:D011027,Disease) :: ['pneumoperitoneum']


abstract: PURPOSE: Incomplete recovery from @entity12770 results in @entity2194 and associated @entity892 . Our aim in this study was to describe and evaluate strabismus surgery strategies aimed at restoring functional, single binocular vision in this population. DESIGN: Retrospective review. @entity1 : We studied 12 adult @entity1 with acquired partial third @entity129 who underwent strabismus surgery. METHODS: The 12 consecutive @entity1 with residual @entity2895 were selected from among the @entity1 seen between 2000 and 2010 in the clinical practice of 1 strabismologist (M.F.). Complete pre- and postoperative ophthalmologic and orthoptic examinations were performed in each @entity1 . The @entity1 presented with @entity3491 (n = 7) and exohypotropias (n = 5). Strabismus surgery included: contralateral superior rectus recession, @entity717 rectus recession, vertical transposition of horizontal recti, horizontal rectus muscle surgery, or combined horizontal and vertical muscle surgery. Complete surgical success was defined as postoperative alignment within 5 prism diopters (PD) of orthotropia and the absence of @entity892 in functional positions of gaze. The average follow-up was 23 months (range, 7 to 81 months). RESULTS: The mean preoperative vertical and horizontal deviations were 19 PD hypotropia (8-40 PD) and 19 PD exotropia (6-40 PD), respectively. The mean postoperative deviations were 2 PD hypotropia (0-8 PD) and 1 PD exotropia (0-6 PD). Complete surgical success was achieved in 7 of 12 @entity1 . Partial success was attained in 5 of 12 @entity1 , who experienced significant improvement but required postoperative use of a prism. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that @entity1 with incomplete third @entity129 may enjoy good functional and cosmetic outcomes with strabismus surgery.

title: Partial third XXXX : clinical characteristics and surgical management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsy', 'cranial nerve paralysis']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular misalignment']

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['isolated hypotropias']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['third nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity12770 :: ('MESH:D061220', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the third cranial nerve']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral inferior']

answer: @entity129 :: (MESH:D003389,Disease) :: ['cranial nerve palsy']


abstract: A 55-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital because of an abnormal shadow at the right hilum on a chest radiograph. The chest radiograph and the chest CT scan showed a nodular showed in the right S6. There was no air-crescent sign in the shadow, but CT-guided percutaneous needle biopsy led to the diagnosis of @entity57 . Anti-fungal agents ( @entity5897 , @entity2380 , and @entity2059 ) were given but the @entity1 's condition did not improve. Surgical resection was done and the postoperative course was uneventful. The resected lung had a bronchiectatic area with a @entity364 . Attempts to culture the @entity364 were not successful. Histologic examination revealed conidial heads characteristic of @entity54 . This case is interesting because the @entity358 appeared as an isolated nodular shadow. This might have been a case of primary @entity358 .

title: [Primary XXXX presenting as an isolated nodular shadow].

entities_list: @entity5897 :: ('MESH:D008825', 'Chemical') :: ['miconazole']

entities_list: @entity57 :: ('MESH:D055732', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungus ball']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspergilloma']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary aspergilloma']


abstract: For the purpose of early detection, we have conducted population-based mass screening for @entity2 by sputum cytology since 1982. Although @entity2 in its early stage is important for a good prognosis, it is often difficult to localize lesions in @entity5 . To clarify the role of autofluorescence bronchoscopy in localizing @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity5 , we analyzed our diagnostic results. Fifty @entity1 who had been detected by sputum cytology were screened by the light-induced fluorescence endoscope (LIFE)-Lung System from November 1997 to April 1999. We compared the results according to the screening methods: conventional bronchoscopy alone versus LIFE with conventional white-light bronchoscopy (November 1997 to April 1999). Twenty-eight @entity5 and 39 borderline lesions were detected by LIFE. Of the 39 borderline lesions, nine were detected only by LIFE. Multicentric lesions including @entity5 or @entity1141 were also detected in 21 of the 50 @entity1 by LIFE. The sensitivity by white-light bronchoscopy alone was 85.3%, whereas that of the LIFE-Lung System with white-light bronchoscopy was 94.1% (P=0.078). There were no @entity5 in the area observed as normal by LIFE. We also compared the diagnostic results of two localization methods: brushing of all bronchi (September 1986 to December 1990) and the LIFE-Lung System (November 1997 to April 1999). Although this was a historical comparison, the number of detected borderline lesions increased, which led to a high detection rate in @entity1 with suspected-positive sputum (P=0.0006) by the LIFE-Lung System. In conclusion, the LIFE-Lung System is a safe and non-invasive system for detecting small intraepithelial lesions of the tracheobronchial tree. Autofluorescence bronchoscopy is more efficacious for localizing intraepithelial lesions and places fewer burdens on the @entity1 than brushing of all bronchi.

title: Diagnostic results before and after introduction of autofluorescence bronchoscopy in @entity1 suspected of having @entity2 detected by sputum cytology in XXXX mass screening.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancerous lesions', 'cancer', 'roentgenographically occult cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'detection of lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: A 39-year-old African American @entity1 with no significant past medical history presented to our hospital with @entity425 and @entity158 in both arms. He had no fever, @entity4048 , @entity10 , @entity1296 , vision changes, or @entity425 in his lower extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine showed extensive abnormal enhancement of the C7-T1 vertebral bodies as well as the prevertebral and epidural spaces. Open biopsy of the lesion showed inflammatory changes consistent with @entity4034 . Culture of the biopsy specimen grew @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ). @entity645 ELISA and blood cultures were negative. The @entity1 was treated with intravenous @entity2176 for 6 weeks with complete resolution of symptoms. @entity1892 classically affects newborns and pregnant females. However, the incidence of @entity281 from this pathogen in nonpregnant adults is increasing. @entity4034 due to @entity1892 in nonpregnant adults is exceedingly rare. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of @entity1892 cervical @entity4034 in an adult without risk factors for invasive @entity2623 . This case illustrates that @entity1892 should be included in the differential diagnosis of pyogenic @entity4034 , irrespective of immune status and predisposing factors.

title: XXXX in a healthy young adult.

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['Vertebral osteomyelitis', 'vertebral osteomyelitis', 'osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness', 'right hand weakness']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'Group B Streptococcus']

entities_list: @entity2623 :: ('MESH:C531629', 'Disease') :: ['GBS infection']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['Vertebral osteomyelitis']


abstract: Authors report a case of @entity12924 in a 6 year old @entity1 . @entity12924 is a @entity395 characterized by the combination of acquired @entity2026 and @entity302 abnormalities like diffuse spikes-and-waves in sleep EEG. @entity410 are associated in 50 to 80% of cases and generally disappear at puberty. @entity146 ranges from minor psychomotor disturbances to @entity716 -like features. Onset appears at an age between 3 to 7 years. The relationship between @entity2026 and @entity302 remains unclear, even if language improvement frequently follows EEG improvement. The hypothesis of an underlying @entity198 could explain the whole syndrome but is not yet validated. Therapy should associate antiepileptic drugs, @entity228 treatment and speech therapy, but no controlled study is available to confirm this protocol. @entity2026 recovery is generally incomplete. The evolution of @entity146 is not well documented. In the reported case, one year after onset, sleep EEG again became normal, @entity146 had disappeared, but spoken language was still absent.

title: [Acquired XXXX in a @entity1 with @entity302 ( @entity12924 ). Comments apropos of a case with 1-year follow-up].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures']

entities_list: @entity12924 :: ('MESH:D018887', 'Disease') :: ['Landau-Kleffner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavior disorder', 'behavior disturbances', 'Behavior disorder']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['aphasia', 'Aphasia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['aphasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of @entity3807 ( @entity3807 ) has not been clarified. The histologic features and the association with @entity792 suggest an immune-mediated disorder with marked inflammatory vascular and perivascular lesions. To clarify the role of @entity1504 we looked for the presence and the surface phenotype of circulating endothelial cells (CECs) in the peripheral blood of @entity1 with @entity3807 . METHODS: Eleven @entity1 with @entity3807 were evaluated for the presence of CECs; 9 @entity1 had active and 2 inactive disease. Three @entity1 with active disease were also evaluated 3 months after therapy. Ten @entity731 @entity1 , 10 @entity1 with @entity177 of variable degree and etiology, and 40 healthy subjects were evaluated as controls. Five-parameter, 3-color flow cytometry was performed with a FACScan. CECs were defined as @entity1195 negative, @entity2279 , P1H12, and @entity4210 positive, and activated CECs as @entity1195 negative and P1H12, @entity8729 positive. RESULTS: The median number of CECs in @entity1 with @entity3807 (10(6) cells/mL) was significantly higher than in healthy controls (16 cells/mL, P= 0.0004) and @entity731 @entity1 (25 cells/mL, P= 0.0005) Two @entity1 with inactive disease had a CEC count comparable to that of normal subjects. In 2 of the 3 @entity1 reevaluated, 3 months after therapy CEC numbers normalized. Almost all CECs were microvascular in origin and showed an activated phenotype. CONCLUSION: The presence of a high number of CECs in the active phase of @entity3807 and their normalization during inactive disease suggest that endothelial damage may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease.

title: Increased levels of circulating endothelial cells in XXXX as a marker of active disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3807 :: ('MESH:D012185', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periaortitis', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['vascular damage']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity3807 :: (MESH:D012185,Disease) :: ['chronic periaortitis']


abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the inguinal area, known as "Hessert's triangle", in @entity1 undergoing surgical treatment for @entity169 with the area in fresh cadavers without @entity547 . The 73 cadavers, which were not fixed in @entity406 , were examined within 15 h post mortem. A total of 132 measurements were made in these cadavers and compared with 130 measurements in 115 @entity547 @entity1 . The average age was 44.2 years for @entity1 and 32.7 years for cadavers. The mean height and weight were 1.68 m and 69.9 kg for @entity547 @entity1 and 1.67 m and 70.0 kg for the cadavers, respectively. The mean area of Hessert's triangle was 8.97 cm2 (range 2.28-29.62 cm2) in the @entity547 @entity1 and 2.95 cm2 (range 1.37-5.92 cm2) in the cadavers. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.00). A larger triangle is created by a higher intersections of the internal oblique and transversus muscles and its aponeurosis to the rectus sheath. When these muscles contract, they move toward the inguinal ligament to occlude the triangle, but with a larger triangle, the occlusion is incomplete. Our anatomical measurements verified that the size of Hessert's triangle is an important factor in the etiology of @entity169 .

title: The importance of the size of Hessert's triangle in the etiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia']


abstract: Nine @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) @entity1 with a translocation 8;21, who were treated at Keio University Hospital between 1983 and August 1990, were reviewed. All of them were classified into @entity10707 subtype of the French-American-British classification. It formed 43% of all M2 cases. The @entity1 ' mean age was 47 years. Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase score was lower than normal and complete remission(CR) was achieved in all cases. In statistical analysis, @entity1 with the t(8;21) showed a longer CR duration and a higher percentage of eosinophils than the other @entity10707 @entity1 without this karyotype (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.01, respectively). As an additional chromosomal abberation, two @entity1 showed a loss of Y chromosome at first diagnosis and another @entity1 did a deletion of 12p at the 3rd relapse and an elongation of 20q in addition to the 12p- at the 4th relapse. Although @entity1 with the t(8;21) are regarded as a favorable group in respect of survival, we found a subset of @entity1 who had poor prognosis. Some of them were accompanied with solid @entity5 formation. Only one @entity1 has lived longer than 5 years. These findings suggest that @entity3052 with the t(8;21) is clinically heterogenous.

title: Clinical heterogeneity in XXXX with the 8;21 translocation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia']


abstract: Pulvini of excised segments from oats (Avena sativa L. cv Victory) were treated unilaterally with @entity9634 ( @entity6207 ) or @entity9635 (GA3) with or without gravistimulation to assess the effect of gravistimulation on hormone action. Optimum pulvinus elongation growth (millimeters) and segment curvature (degrees) over 24 hours were produced by 100 micromolar @entity6207 in vertical segments. The curvature response to @entity6207 at levels greater than 100 micromolar, applied to the lower sides of gravistimulated (90 degrees) pulvini, was significantly less than the response to identical levels in vertical segments. Furthermore, the bending response of pulvini to 100 micromolar @entity6207 did not vary significantly over a range of presentation angles between 0 and 90 degrees. In contrast, the response to @entity6207 at levels less than 10 micromolar, with gravistimulation, was approximately the sum of the responses to gravistimulation alone and to @entity6207 without gravistimulation. This was observed over a range of presentation angles. Also, GA3 (0.3-30 micromolar) applied to the lower sides of horizontal segments significantly enhanced pulvinus growth and segment curvature, although exogenous GA3 over a range of concentrations had no effect on pulvinus elongation growth or segment curvature in vertical segments. The response to GA3 (10 micromolar) plus @entity6207 (1.0 or 100 micromolar) was additive for either vertical or horizontal segments. These results indicate that gravistimulation produces changes in pulvinus responsiveness to both @entity6207 and GA3 and that the changes are unique for each growth regulator. It is suggested that the changes in responsiveness may result from processes at the cellular level other than changes in hormonal sensitivity.

title: Altered growth response to exogenous auxin and XXXX by gravistimulation in pulvini of Avena sativa.

entities_list: @entity9634 :: ('MESH:C030737', 'Chemical') :: ['indoleacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity9635 :: ('MESH:C007842', 'Chemical') :: ['gibberellic acid']

answer: @entity9635 :: (MESH:C007842,Chemical) :: ['gibberellic acid']


abstract: Twenty-three @entity1 with refractory, aggressive-histology, @entity1893 were treated with @entity2592 (2.0 g/m2 i.v. every 12 h on days 1 and 2), @entity2879 (100 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1 and 2), and @entity900 (35 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1 and 2) every 3 weeks. All @entity1 had received one or two prior chemotherapy regimens. Five of 19 (26%) evaluable @entity1 responded, with a median duration of response of 9 weeks (90% confidence interval: 11-48%). One @entity1 with a complete response remains free of disease over 31 months after completing six cycles of therapy. Six transient responses of less than 1-month duration were also observed. @entity1503 was significant: 73% of @entity1 experienced grade 4 @entity1398 , and 52% experienced grade 4 @entity882 . Twenty @entity1 (87%) underwent dose reductions following their first cycle of therapy for grade 3 or 4 myelosuppression. We conclude that this combination of drugs, when administered by this schedule, has limited antitumor activity; however, administering the regimen with a dose-intense schedule appears warranted.

title: A pilot study of short-course, high-dose @entity2592 , @entity2879 , and @entity900 in refractory, aggressive-histology, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate @entity137 , local control, and survival in anal @entity5 @entity1 treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and concurrent chemotherapy. METHODS: Sixty-five @entity1 were treated at a single institution with IMRT and concurrent chemotherapy for localized @entity957 of the anal canal. Radiotherapy was delivered with a simultaneous integrated boost technique, with dose based on the T stage. The median dose to the @entity5 and pelvis were 54 Gy (range, 50 to 58.8 Gy) and 45 Gy (range, 40.5 to 50.4 Gy), respectively. The most common concurrent chemotherapy regimens were @entity1487 and @entity900 (75%), @entity416 and @entity901 (11%), and @entity1487 and @entity1138 (5%). RESULTS: The percentage of @entity1 with Tx, T1, T2, T3, and T4 disease were 8%, 17%, 49%, 15%, and 11%, respectively. The percentage of @entity1 with N0, N1, N2, and N3 disease were 46%, 17%, 9%, and 28%, respectively. Ninety-one percent of @entity1 completed treatment without a break. Grade 3 gastrointestinal @entity137 occurred in 9%, and moist desquamation beyond the perianal area occurred in 17%. The use of a vaginal dilator during simulation and treatment seemed to lower the rates of acute skin and late sexual @entity137 . With a median follow-up of 19 months, the 2-year local and distant control rates were both 93%. The 2-year overall and disease-free survival rates were 96% and 86%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent chemotherapy and IMRT was well tolerated, and was associated with low rates of acute and late @entity137 and excellent local control, disease-free survival, and overall survival.

title: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy with concurrent chemotherapy for anal XXXX : outcomes and @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: AIM: The stone disease of the urinary tract ( @entity1791 ) is a growing disease. The identification of @entity209 , treatable with prophylactic therapy, appears to be clinically important. The aim of this study was the analysis of @entity209 that promote and support the @entity1791 in a cohort of @entity1 with renal colic at an Emergency Department. METHODS: In this prospective case series, we enrolled consecutive @entity1 with renal colic treated at an Emergency Department within a Regional Teaching Hospital. We implemented a structured metabolic evaluation, which included blood chemistry studies, stone analysis and a 24-hour urine collection. We then evaluated the frequency of @entity209 alone or in combination. RESULTS: We enrolled 39 @entity1 whit renal colic and a diagnosis of @entity1791 : 21 (54%) were males and the median age was 43.6 years (range 20-70). The most frequently observed type of stone was that of @entity3835 (74%). Hypomagnesiuria was the most common @entity209 found at the 24-hour urine collection (22/39, 56%), followed by @entity8269 (31%), hypernatruria (20%), hyperuricuria (18%) and @entity5201 (15%). Among the associations of @entity209 , the @entity8269 /hypomagnesuria was that observed with higher frequency (23%). CONCLUSION: We report an incidence of hypomagnesiuria (60%) in @entity1 with renal colic higher than has ever been described in the literature. This result could be of importance in the knowledge of the pathogenesis of the @entity1791 and could have interesting implications in clinical practice.

title: [The role of hypomagnesiuria in XXXX and renal colic: results from a prospective study of a metabolic evaluation protocola].

entities_list: @entity5201 :: ('MESH:D006959', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxaluria']

entities_list: @entity3835 :: ('MESH:D002129', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium oxalate']

entities_list: @entity8269 :: ('MESH:C564578', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalciuria']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic abnormality', 'metabolic disorders', 'metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

answer: @entity1791 :: (MESH:D052878,Disease) :: ['urolithiasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Metaphyseal injuries resembling the classic metaphyseal lesion (CML) of abuse may occur as the result of serial casting during treatment of @entity85 . Mentioned in the orthopedic literature in 1972, this iatrogenic fracture has not been described in the radiologic literature nor has the similarity to injuries occurring with abuse been previously recognized. OBJECTIVE: To describe the mechanism and radiographic appearance of metaphyseal injury observed during serial casting of clubfoot. Note similarities to the @entity75 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight @entity1 ranging in age from 1 to 4 months underwent casting for clubfoot. Five orthopedic surgeons from three different institutions performed the casting. Two @entity1 had @entity3570 and one, @entity8482 . A complete skeletal survey was performed on one @entity1 who was abused; there was no suspicion of abuse in the remaining seven. RESULTS: All @entity1 manifest injury with periosteal new bone. One @entity1 had clear evidence of abuse with 24 rib @entity174 . X-rays of lower extremities in short leg casts revealed bilateral tibial metaphyseal @entity174 . Four other @entity1 had metaphyseal @entity174 resembling the @entity75 , and three developed an area of @entity1463 within the metaphysis. CONCLUSION: In the setting of serial casting for @entity85 , metaphyseal injury even the @entity75 may be noted. Since inflicted injuries are almost always unobserved and explanations rarely offered, the fact that the CML occurs as a result of orthopedic maniuplation may offer some further insight concerning the pathogenesis of this well-described @entity130 .

title: Metaphyseal XXXX mimicking abuse during treatment for clubfoot.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['CML of abuse']

entities_list: @entity8482 :: ('MESH:D001176', 'Disease') :: ['arthrogryposis']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['clubfoot deformity', 'equinovarus deformity']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['abuse injury']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: In two @entity19 @entity2 models adenoviral @entity10191 -transduced dendritic cells (DC-AdIL-7) were administered intratumorally, resulting in complete @entity5 regression. Intratumoral DC-AdIL-7 therapy was as effective as DCs pulsed with specific @entity5 peptide antigens. Comparison with other intratumoral therapies including recombinant @entity10191 , AdIL-7 vector alone, unmodified DCs, @entity10191 -transduced fibroblasts, or DCs pulsed with @entity5 lysates revealed DC-AdIL-7 therapy to be superior in achieving antitumor responses and augmenting immunogenicity. @entity19 with complete @entity5 eradication as a result of either DC-AdIL-7 or AdIL-7 therapy were rechallenged with parental @entity5 cells 30 days or more after complete @entity5 eradication. All the DC-AdIL-7-treated @entity19 completely rejected a secondary rechallenge, whereas the AdIL-7-treated @entity19 had sustained antitumor effects in only 20-25% of the @entity19 . DC-AdIL-7 therapy was more effective than AdIL-7 in achieving systemic antitumor responses and enhancing immunogenicity. After complete @entity5 eradication, those @entity19 treated with DC-AdIL-7 evidenced significantly greater release of splenocyte @entity2304 and @entity60 than did controls or AdIL-7-treated @entity19 . After intratumoral injection, gene-modified DCs trafficked from the @entity5 to lymph node sites and spleen. DCs were detected in nodal tissues for up to 7 days after intratumoral injection. We report that intratumoral DC-AdIL-7 leads to significant systemic immune responses and potent antitumor effects in @entity19 @entity2 models.

title: Intratumoral administration of adenoviral XXXX gene-modified dendritic cells augments specific antitumor immunity and achieves @entity5 eradication.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity10191 :: (16196(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['interleukin 7']


abstract: This study presents the findings in 33 @entity1 with @entity4809 who were treated by percutaneous @entity384 and were followed up for 2 months to 6.2 years (mean 34 +/- 21 months). The mean age was 13 +/- 11 years; 10 (30%) were female and 23 (70%) male. Associated @entity600 were observed in nine @entity1 (27%). All @entity1 underwent noninvasive studies and cardiac catheterization. The mean value to membrane distance was 4.5 +/- 2 mm/m2. After @entity384 , the pressure gradient from the left ventricle to the aorta decreased from 68 +/- 30 to 20 +/- 13 mm Hg (p less than 0.00001); there were no significant changes in the degree of @entity337 . A fluttering and widely mobile remaining membrane was clearly visualized after dilation. Better immediate results were obtained in @entity1 with a smaller baseline gradient, a larger aortic anulus and a longer valve to membrane distance. Serial follow-up echographic studies were available in 30 @entity1 , and 18 hemodynamic reevaluations were performed in 13 @entity1 . However, seven @entity1 who demonstrated restenosis underwent redilation at a mean of 29 +/- 17 months after the first dilation. Redilation in six of the seven @entity1 obtained benefits similar to those observed at the first dilation. Only one @entity1 with unsuccessful redilation required surgery. The mean value of the last explored residual gradient (on hemodynamic or Doppler study) in the remaining 32 @entity1 was 21 +/- 10 mm Hg. No significant changes were observed in the angiographic evolution of @entity337 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Immediate and follow-up results of XXXX for @entity4809 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4809 :: ('MESH:D021922', 'Disease') :: ['discrete subaortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['transluminal balloon dilation']


abstract: Sequence variation in the long terminal repeat (LTR) region of @entity2858 was analyzed in viral isolates of 17 infected individuals. Two classes of LTR size variants were found. One @entity2858 was detected containing an additional binding site for the transcription factor @entity3419 . Another LTR size variation was observed in four @entity1 in a region just upstream of the @entity2451 enhancer. This variation was the result of a duplication of a short DNA sequence (CTG-motif). Cell culture experiments demonstrated that the natural variant with four @entity3419 sites had a slightly higher promoter activity and viral replication rate than the isogenic control LTR with three @entity3419 sites. No positive effect of the duplicated CTG-motif could be detected. In order to measure small differences in virus production more accurately, equal amounts of a size variant and the wild-type plasmid were cotransfected into T-cells. The virus with four @entity3419 sites did outgrow the three @entity3419 virus in 35 days of culture and CTG-monomer virus outcompeted the CTG-dimer virus in 42 days. Based on these results we estimate a 5-10% difference in virus production of the LTR variants when compared to that of wild-type.

title: Natural variants of the XXXX long terminal repeat: analysis of promoters with duplicated DNA regulatory motifs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the therapeutic effect of percutaneous @entity1068 injection on small @entity157 by using a flash echo imaging system, a newly developed technique for detecting echoes from microbubble contrast agents more efficiently. METHODS: Six @entity1 with 7 small nodular hepatocellular @entity189 , proved by fine-needle aspiration cytologic or pathologic examination, were included. Percutaneous @entity1068 injection was performed until there was no intratumoral color signal on conventional color and power Doppler ultrasonography. A bubble contrast agent was then injected, and flash echo imaging in the subtraction mode was performed for assessment of the therapeutic effect. Dynamic computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and hepatic angiography were also used for evaluation of the therapeutic effect. RESULTS: Five @entity5 had perfusion defects that were equal in size to or larger than the @entity5 . No @entity5 stain was shown on hepatic angiography. Two @entity5 had partial perfusion defects. Viable @entity5 were confirmed by @entity5 resection in 1 case and cytologic examination in the other. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary results show that flash echo imaging with subtraction has potential value in evaluation of the therapeutic effect of percutaneous @entity1068 injection on small @entity157 .

title: Flash echo gray scale imaging with subtraction in assessment of small XXXX treated with percutaneous @entity1068 injection: preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: In neonatal @entity35 cardiomyocytes, @entity1078 ( @entity1078 ) is a precursor of second messengers, a stabilizer of ion channels and exchangers, an anchor point for the cytoskeleton and, in addition, can serve as a signaling molecule in its own right. We examined the possibility that sarcolemmal PIP2 exists in different pools and that only one of these provides the substrate for alpha1-adrenergic receptor activated phospholipase C (PLC). Membranes were separated on the basis of buoyant density, and the light lipid raft fractions were further separated into caveolae and non-caveolar rafts using immunoprecipitation. PIP2 was principally located in the light lipid raft fractions and was equally distributed between caveolae and non-caveolar membranes. Heavier membrane fractions also contained some PIP2. Addition of the alpha1-adrenergic receptor agonist @entity2647 (50 microM) caused reductions in PIP2, but only in caveolae. PIP2 in other fractions was unaffected. In agreement with this, @entity38628 and, to a lesser extent, @entity22685 were concentrated in this fraction. @entity47356 was primarily observed in heavier membranes. We conclude that PIP2 in cardiomyocyte sarcolemma is compartmentalized and that alpha1-adrenergic receptor signaling is localized to caveolae.

title: Alpha1-adrenergic receptor signaling is localized to caveolae in neonatal XXXX cardiomyocytes.

entities_list: @entity1078 :: ('CHEBI:18348', 'Chemical') :: ['PIP2', 'phosphatidylinositol(4,5)bisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: We studied the influence of preload alteration on the pattern of transmitral flow as obtained by pulsed Doppler echocardiography. In protocol I, 14 @entity1 with old @entity583 (OMI) were observed by simultaneous measurements of transmitral flow by @entity1923 and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVDd) using M-mode echocardiography during the control period and after sublingual @entity1242 . In protocol II, eight @entity1 with OMI were similarly observed during stepwise lower body negative pressure (LBNP: 0, -10 and -20 mmHg). The rapid filling phase was categorized in two subphases at peak R as the first half and second half phases. The integrals of each half phase and the atrial systolic phases ( @entity24304 , IR2 and IA) were measured by planimetry. After the administration of @entity1242 , LVDd decreased significantly; whereas the mean arterial pressure decreased and heart rate increased significantly. The peak R and @entity24304 decreased significantly, but the peak A, IR2 and IA remained unchanged. During LBNP, LVDd decreased stepwise; whereas there was no change in the mean arterial pressure or heart rate. The changes in the peak R and @entity24304 paralleled the preload reduction during LBNP. The peak A, IR2, and IA remained unchanged. In conclusion, the first and second half volumes during the LV rapid filling phase can be influenced by various factors. The patterns of the transmitral flow velocity, the maximal velocity and first half volume in the LV rapid filling phase may be influenced by preload alteration.

title: [Influence of preload alteration on the transmitral flow velocity in XXXX with old @entity583 : effects of @entity1242 and lower body negative pressure].

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']