abstract: BACKGROUND: Experimental results from animal models as well as studies of @entity1 @entity5 indicate a critical role for @entity5 -associated lymphangiogenesis in @entity5 progression. However, its significance in @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is not well established. METHODS: We analyzed tissue specimens from healthy liver (n = 36), cirrhotic liver (n = 24), and @entity157 (n = 60) by immunohistochemistry, using antibody D2-40 specific for lymphendothelia. We subsequently quantified lymphatic microvessel density (LVD). The LVD was correlated with clinicopathological characteristics of the @entity5 as well as survival and disease-free survival of the @entity1 . RESULTS: In contrast to healthy as well as cirrhotic liver, lymphangiogenesis was induced in @entity157 . Lymphatic vessels were detected in the intratumoral septa as well as within the bulk of @entity5 cells. @entity5 with high LVD (24 of 60) had developed significantly more frequently in cirrhotic livers (P = 0.001) and were more frequently restricted to one liver lobe (P = 0.04). Univariate analysis revealed high LVD as a marker for reduced survival and disease-free survival disadvantage (median >60 vs. 21 months, P = 0.018, and 19 vs. 8 months, P = 0.047, respectively). In multivariate analysis, LVD showed a trend toward association with reduced survival (P = 0.059) and represented an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: Tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis is involved in @entity157 . Quantitative analysis of LVD demonstrated a significant influence of lymphangiogenesis on survival and established LVD as an independent predictor of disease-free survival. Quantification of LVD may be helpful in identifying @entity1 with a high risk of @entity5 recurrence.

title: Tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis correlates with prognosis after resection of XXXX @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma', 'neovascularization of hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'cancers', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: CONTEXT: Despite reported success, surgery for pharmacoresistant @entity410 is often seen as a last resort. @entity1 are typically referred for surgery after 20 years of @entity410 , often too late to avoid significant disability and @entity204 . OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether surgery soon after failure of 2 antiepileptic drug (AED) trials is superior to continued medical management in controlling @entity410 and improving quality of life (QOL). DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : The Early Randomized @entity302 Trial (ERSET) is a multicenter, controlled, parallel-group clinical trial performed at 16 US @entity302 surgery centers. The 38 @entity1 (18 @entity1 and 20 @entity1 ; aged >= 12 years) had @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) and disabling seizues for no more than 2 consecutive years following adequate trials of 2 brand-name AEDs. Eligibility for anteromesial temporal resection (AMTR) was based on a standardized presurgical evaluation protocol. @entity1 were randomized to continued AED treatment or AMTR 2003-2007, and observed for 2 years. Planned enrollment was 200, but the trial was halted prematurely due to slow accrual. INTERVENTION: Receipt of continued AED treatment (n = 23) or a standardized AMTR plus AED treatment (n = 15). In the medical group, 7 @entity1 underwent AMTR prior to the end of follow-up and 1 @entity1 in the surgical group never received surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome variable was freedom from disabling @entity410 during year 2 of follow-up. Secondary outcome variables were health-related QOL (measured primarily by the 2-year change in the Quality of Life in Epilepsy 89 [QOLIE-89] overall T-score), cognitive function, and social adaptation. RESULTS: Zero of 23 @entity1 in the medical group and 11 of 15 in the surgical group were @entity410 free during year 2 of follow-up (odds ratio =    ; 95% CI, 11.8 to    ; P < .001). In an intention-to-treat analysis, the mean improvement in QOLIE-89 overall T-score was higher in the surgical group than in the medical group but this difference was not statistically significant (12.6 vs 4.0 points; treatment effect = 8.5; 95% CI, -1.0 to 18.1; P = .08). When data obtained after surgery from @entity1 in the medical group were excluded, the effect of surgery on QOL was significant (12.8 vs 2.8 points; treatment effect = 9.9; 95% CI, 2.2 to 17.7; P = .01). Memory decline (assessed using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test) occurred in 4 @entity1 (36%) after surgery, consistent with rates seen in the literature; but the sample was too small to permit definitive conclusions about treatment group differences in cognitive outcomes. Adverse events included a transient @entity51 attributed to a magnetic resonance imaging-identified @entity64 in a @entity1 who had surgery and 3 cases of @entity159 in the medical group. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 with newly intractable disabling @entity1315 , resective surgery plus AED treatment resulted in a lower probability of @entity410 during year 2 of follow-up than continued AED treatment alone. Given the premature termination of the trial, the results should be interpreted with appropriate caution. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00040326.

title: Early surgical therapy for drug-resistant XXXX : a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'participants', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'participant', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative stroke']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['MTLE', 'mesial temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Surgical Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['premature death']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Observational and epidemiologic data indicate that the use of @entity117 reduces the risk of @entity14 ; however, the effects of @entity117 in the @entity4309 ( @entity4309 ) are not known. Resistant starch has been associated with an antineoplastic effect on the colon. METHODS: In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we used a two-by-two design to investigate the effects of @entity117 , at a dose of 600 mg per day, and resistant starch (Novelose), at a dose of 30 g per day, in reducing the risk of @entity652 and @entity189 among @entity1 with the @entity4309 . RESULTS: Among 1071 @entity1 in 43 centers, 62 were ineligible to participate in the study, 72 did not enter the study, and 191 withdrew from the study. These three categories were equally distributed across the study groups. Over a mean period of 29 months (range, 7 to 74), @entity1586 or @entity189 developed in 141 @entity1 . Of 693 @entity1 randomly assigned to receive @entity117 or placebo, @entity5 developed in 66 @entity1 receiving @entity117 (18.9%), as compared with 65 receiving placebo (19.0%) (relative risk, 1.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7 to 1.4). There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to the development of advanced @entity5 (7.4% and 9.9%, respectively; P=0.33). Among the 727 @entity1 receiving resistant starch or placebo, @entity5 developed in 67 @entity1 receiving starch (18.7%), as compared with 68 receiving placebo (18.4%) (relative risk, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.7 to 1.4). Advanced @entity652 and @entity14 were evenly distributed in the two groups. The prevalence of serious adverse events was low, and the events were evenly distributed. CONCLUSIONS: The use of @entity117 , resistant starch, or both for up to 4 years has no effect on the incidence of @entity2513 or @entity189 among carriers of the @entity4309 . (Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN59521990.)

title: Effect of XXXX or resistant starch on @entity14 in the @entity4309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome', 'hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenoma']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: The amorphous nucleoplasm of the germinal vesicle nucleus of @entity1238 oocytes has been selectively extracted under conditions which leave the nuclear formed elements morphologically intact. The nucleoplasm contains about 97% of the total nuclear proteins and on @entity214 - @entity2975 gels some 68 polypeptides can be distinguished. On the basis of solubility differences, the nucleoplasmic proteins can be classified into two categories. The first consists of soluble or easily solubilized proteins which comprise about 34 polypeptides making up 87% of the nucleoplasm. A few of these proteins show electrophoretic mobilities similar to those of soluble proteins of the cytoplasm, but most are unique to the nucleus. The residual 13% of the nucleoplasmic proteins are tightly bound to a nucleoplasmic gel and can be extracted only by solubilizing the gel. The solubility characteristics of the proteinaceous gel suggest a complex held together by salt, nonpolar, @entity3884 , and possibly @entity1520 bonding. Some 34 polypeptides can be distinguished in this gel fraction, including prominent and highly enriched polypeptides of about 115,000 and 46,000 daltons. The relatively soluble fraction of the nucleoplasm does not contain informofers and contains little or no nucleic acid. Evidence is presented that if histones are present in the germinal vesicle, they can comprise no more than about 8% of the total protein. The possibility is discussed that the unique polypeptides of the nucleoplasm may be sequestered there by selective adsorption to or in the nuclear gel.

title: The germinal vesicle nucleus of XXXX oocytes as a selective storage receptacle for proteins.

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus laevis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 may experience radiotherapy as @entity148 provoking, especially during unfamiliar initial treatment. This study examines whether @entity1 ' use of self-selected music while undergoing first radiotherapy treatment reduces @entity148 , and how @entity1 describe their first radiotherapy experience with or without self-selected music. METHODS: Using quantitative and qualitative methods, 100 @entity1 preparing to commence radiotherapy were assigned to the initial radiotherapy session either with self-selected music or without music. In both @entity1 groups, the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory measured pre- and post-radiotherapy levels, music preference questions examined future music desires during treatment and a semistructured questionnaire examined additional subjective experiences. RESULTS: Overall, @entity1 were not highly anxious pre-radiotherapy, @entity148 decreased in both music and control groups following radiotherapy (P = 0.008) and this change was not different between groups (P = 0.35). However, music group @entity1 were significantly more likely to want music in future radiotherapy sessions (P = 0.007). Some reported a benefit from the music in terms of feeling supported, distracted or that treatment time seemed faster. @entity1 in both groups often commended helpful staff. Negative reactions were only occasional. CONCLUSIONS: Although preferred music does not reduce @entity148 , it can support some @entity1 undergoing initial radiotherapy and departmental staff should invite @entity1 to bring music to radiotherapy, provide music libraries and offer to play @entity1 selected music during treatments.

title: Effect of self-selected music on adults' XXXX and subjective experiences during initial radiotherapy treatment: a randomised controlled trial and qualitative research.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'participant', 'patient', 'Participants']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: It has been shown that wake (W) and @entity25 ( @entity25 ) modulate synaptic transmission in neocortical projections. However the impact of paradoxical sleep (PS) quantities on synaptic transmission remains unknown. We examined whether PS modulated the excitatory transmission and expression of @entity2227 receptor subtypes and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (p- @entity2508 ). DESIGN: PS deprivation (PSD) was carried out with the multiple platforms method on adult male @entity35 . LTP, late-LTP, and synaptic transmission were studied in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus of controls, 75-h PSD and 150-min PS rebound (PSR). @entity4860 and @entity4474 protein and mRNA expression were evaluated by western blot and real-time PCR. p- @entity2508 level was quantified by western blot and immunohistochemistry. MEASUREMENT AND RESULTS: PSD decreased synaptic transmission and LTP selectively in dorsal @entity1249 and PSR rescued these deficits. PSD-induced synaptic modifications in @entity1249 were associated with a decrease in @entity4860 , @entity4474 , and p- @entity2508 levels in dorsal @entity1249 without change in @entity4860 and @entity4474 mRNA expression. Regression analysis shows that LTP is positively correlated with both PS quantities and @entity25 episodes duration, whereas synaptic transmission and late-LTP are positively correlated with PS quantities and negatively correlated with @entity25 quantities. CONCLUSIONS: These findings unveil previously unrecognized roles of PSD on synaptic transmission and LTP in the dorsal, but not in the ventral, hippocampus. The fact that the decrease in protein expression of @entity4860 and @entity4474 was not associated with a change in mRNA expression of these receptors suggests that a sleep-induced modulation of translational mechanisms occurs in dorsal @entity1249 .

title: Paradoxical (REM) sleep deprivation causes a large and rapidly reversible decrease in long-term potentiation, synaptic transmission, XXXX receptor protein levels, and ERK/MAPK activation in the dorsal hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['slow wave sleep', 'SWS']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: As a contributing factor, certain foods can provoke @entity272 in some @entity1 with @entity483 . In newborns with an increased risk of atopy, exclusive breastfeeding during the first months of life and delayed introduction of solid food seem to inhibit or to retard the manifestation of @entity66 . The pathomechanism of provocation of @entity484 by food has not yet been elucidated. The frequent finding of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to the offending food items suggests that immediate @entity56 may be involved. Furthermore, other allergic or nonimmunologic (pseudo-allergic) mechanisms have to be considered. History taking, skin tests, and radioallergosorbent test (RAST) may provide some information with regard to eliciting food, but these procedures usually are not sufficient to obtain a conclusive diagnosis. Oral challenge tests have to be performed in a controlled manner in order to identify food items that are not tolerated and thus have to be avoided. As most of the @entity1 react only to one or two food items and as these often differ from one @entity1 to another, undirected exclusion diet regimens are unnecessary and unethical. Furthermore, such diets bear the risk of @entity3147 and of anaphylactic reactions after reintroduction of allergenic food. Dietary recommendations in @entity483 have to be based on a careful allergological workup of the individual @entity1 .

title: Food allergy and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic eczema']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic disease']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['type allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic eczema']


abstract: The use of antitachycardia pacing ( @entity855 ) has shown itself to be an effective therapeutic option in the treatment of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) in carriers of @entity737 ( @entity737 ). OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and efficacy of @entity855 in @entity737 carriers with @entity63 and @entity299 of the left ventricle (LV) presenting @entity1165 badly tolerated hemodynamically. METHODS: We studied five @entity1 (four male and one female), survivors of acute @entity583 , mean age 56.4 +/- 15.7 years and an ejection fraction < 35%, submitted to @entity737 implantation by @entity1165 inducible in the electrophysiological study (EPS) and refractory to pharmacologic therapy. In three cases the @entity943 was @entity1163 and in two the @entity1 felt palpitations and @entity1296 (systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg during @entity1165 ). The ICDs were implanted between March 1996 and October 1997 by transvenous approach in pectoral position. @entity855 was used as an initial therapeutic alternative ( @entity1165 zone with a detection frequency of 160-220/min) according to an empirical programme (n = 3) or, whenever feasible, in accordance with the type of @entity1165 interruption during EPS (n = 2). During the follow-up of 11 +/- 6 months (2-18), a periodic assessment of the symptomatology and a detailed analysis of episodes of @entity943 detected by @entity737 were made. RESULTS: Two hundred and fourteen episodes of @entity1165 were recorded with a post detection duration of > 2.5 sec treated by @entity737 . The @entity855 rate of efficacy was 93%. In 3% of the episodes the @entity855 did not alter @entity1165 ; in 2% the rate of @entity1165 increased (reduction of the @entity1165 cycle > 20%) and in 2% therapeutic exhaustion was observed (after the application of @entity855 and the maximum number of shocks per episode). In 14 episodes with @entity855 inefficiency, two @entity1163 occurred (1% of the total number of episodes treated). CONCLUSION: In this study antitachycardia pacing has proven to be a therapeutic option with high rates of efficacy and safety despite its use in survivors of @entity583 with moderate to severe compromise of systolic function of the left ventricle and @entity943 with @entity1344 .

title: [Antitachycardia pacing in XXXX with left ventricular dysfunction and hemodynamically unstable @entity943 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiopathy']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncopal', 'syncopes']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillators']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia', 'ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) asymptomatically colonize the vaginal or rectal areas of about 20% of pregnant @entity1 (4-40%). About 50% of @entity1 to mothers with @entity1892 colonization also become colonized at rectal, umbilical or oral sites. @entity1892 is a leading bacterial cause of @entity221 and @entity204 . The present prevalence rate of @entity1892 carriers among parturients in the western Galilee in Israel is unknown. AIM: A prospective study of the @entity1892 carrier rate according to origin and gestational age in the western Galilee in Israel. METHODS: A prospective study including 700 pregnant @entity1 . All @entity1 were screened for carriage of @entity1892 by vaginal and rectal cultures. RESULTS: Sixteen percent of the parturients were found to be @entity1892 colonized. The prevalence of @entity1892 was 13.7% in Jewish @entity1 and 19% in Arab @entity1 , P=0.038. The @entity1 were also divided into two groups according to the gestational age one group included 414 @entity1 in 24-37 weeks gestation, and the other group included 286 @entity1 in term pregnancy. No difference was found in the rate of @entity1892 carriers between the two gestational age groups. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study we found a significant increase in the incidence of @entity1892 colonization in pregnant @entity1 in northern Israel. We also found an increased rate of @entity1892 carriers in Arab @entity1 relative to Jewish @entity1 .

title: [Is there an increase in the incidence of gbs carrier rates among pregnant XXXX in northern Israel?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'Group B Streptococci']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal illness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: During the hyperacute phase of @entity64 , multiple hypointense vessels were identified specifically in the @entity63 territory on gradient-echo T2*-weighted MR images (GRE-T2* WI) at 3T. The area was named a "region of multiple hypointense vessels (RMHV)." The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of RMHV for the diagnosis of acute @entity385 (AIS) and to establish the relationship of this finding to other MR imaging studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with AIS underwent MR imaging at 3T consisting of GRE-T2*, diffusion-weighted images (DWI), and perfusion-weighted images (PWI) within 6 hours of symptom onset and follow-up images at 72 hours. RMHV was defined as an area containing multiple hypointense vessels strictly in the region of the @entity63 territory on GRE-T2*. The RMHV volume on GRE-T2*, @entity2806 volumes on DWI, PWI maps, and on follow-up images were measured and compared with the RMHV volume. RESULTS: RMHV on GRE-T2* was identified in 20 @entity1 . There was no significant difference between the @entity63 lesion volumes on mean transit time (247.3 +/- 88.1 mL), time-to-peak (228.6 +/- 88.8 mL), cerebral blood flow (200.6 +/- 89.7 mL), RMHV on GRE-T2* (214.4 +/- 86 mL), and the @entity1188 volume at 72 hours (210.3 +/- 90.4 mL) (P = .975). CONCLUSIONS: RMHV on GRE-T2* can be used as a supportive imaging finding for the diagnosis of hyperacute @entity385 . RMHV volume provides information that is in accordance with the @entity1188 volume at 72 hours and the data supplied by PWI.

title: Acute XXXX defined by a region of multiple hypointense vessels on gradient-echo T2* MR imaging at 3T.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['initial ischemic lesion']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['ischemic infarction']


abstract: In immunoglobulin light chain @entity2783 a small, indolent plasma cell clone synthesizes light chains that cause devastating organ damage. Early diagnosis, based on prompt recognition of "red-flags" before advanced @entity296 ensues, is essential for improving outcomes. Differentiation from other systemic @entity2783 may require advanced technologies. Prognosis depends on the extent of cardiac involvement, and cardiac biomarkers guide the choice of therapy. The protean clinical presentation requires individualized treatment. Close monitoring of clonal and organ response guides therapy changes and duration. Conventional or high-dose alkylator-based chemotherapy is effective in almost two-thirds of @entity1 . Combinations of proteasome inhibitors, @entity619 , and alkylators achieve high response rates, although controlled studies are needed. Risk-adapted stem cell transplant and consolidation with novel agents may be considered in selected @entity1 . Immune-modulatory drugs are good options for refractory/relapsed @entity1 . Novel agents and therapeutic targets are expected to be exploited, in an integrated, more effective and less toxic treatment strategy.

title: Systemic light chain XXXX : an update for treating physicians.

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidoses', 'amyloidosis']

answer: @entity2783 :: (MESH:D000686,Disease) :: ['amyloidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sleeve gastrectomy is a new restrictive bariatric procedure increasingly indicated in the treatment of morbid @entity28 . The authors report their experience of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), evaluate the efficacy of this procedure on @entity353 , and analyze the short-term outcome. METHODS: The data of 135 consecutive @entity1 undergoing LSG between July 2004 and October 2007 were analyzed prospectively. LSG was indicated only for @entity353 with a body mass index (BMI) > 40 or > 35 kg/m(2) associated with severe comorbidity. Study endpoints included mean BMI, comorbidity, operative data, conversion to laparotomy, intraoperative complications, major and minor complication rates, excess @entity353 , follow-up, and duration of hospital stay. Possible risk factors for @entity11541 ( @entity11541 ) were investigated. RESULTS: This series comprised 113 females and 22 males with a mean age of 40 years (range, 18-65). Mean weight was 132 kg (range, 94-186), and mean preoperative BMI was 48.8 kg/m(2) (range, 37-72). The mean operating time was 103 minutes (range, 30-550). No @entity1 required conversion to laparotomy, and 96% of @entity1 did not require drainage. The nasogastric tube was removed on postoperative day 1. The postoperative course was uneventful in 94.9% of cases, and the median duration of hospital stay was 3.8 days. The median follow-up was 12.7 months. The mean postoperative BMI decreased to 39.8 kg/m(2) at 6 months (P < .001). Average excess body @entity353 was 38.6% and 49.4% at 6 months and 1 year, respectively. There was no mortality, and the major complication rate, corresponding to @entity11541 ( @entity11541 ) in every case, was 5.1% (n = 7). Management of @entity11541 required reoperation, radiologic and endoscopic procedures, and fibrin glue; the median hospital stay was 47 days. BMI > 60 kg/m(2) appears to be a risk factor for @entity11541 . CONCLUSION: LSG is a reproducible and seems to be an effective treatment to achieve significant @entity353 after 12 months follow-up. LSG can be used as a standalone operation to obtain @entity353 . Management of @entity11541 remains a major issue.

title: Results of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a prospective study in 135 @entity1 with morbid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11541 :: ('MESH:D005747', 'Disease') :: ['gastric fistula', 'PGF', 'postoperative gastric fistula']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction', 'weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: For @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 and severe hypoglycemic unawareness, islet transplants offer hope for improving the quality of life. However, islet cell death occurs quickly during or after transplantation, requiring large quantities of islets per transplant. The purpose of this study was to determine whether poor function demonstrated in large islets was a result of diffusion barriers and if removing those barriers could improve function and transplantation outcomes. Islets were isolated from male DA @entity35 and measured for cell viability, islet survival, @entity413 diffusion and insulin secretion. Modeling of diffusion barriers was completed using dynamic partial differential equations for a sphere. Core cell death occurred in 100% of the large islets (diameter >150   m), resulting in poor survival within 7 days after isolation. In contrast, small islets (diameter <100   m) exhibited good survival rates in culture (91%). @entity413 diffusion into islets was tracked with @entity25803 ; 4.2   m/min in small islets and 2.8   m/min in large islets. @entity25803 never permeated to the core cells of islets larger than 150   m diameter. Reducing the diffusion barrier in large islets improved their immediate and long-term viability in culture. However, reduction of the diffusion barrier in large islets failed to improve their inferior in vitro insulin secretion compared to small islets, and did not return @entity413 control to @entity6 animals following transplantation. Thus, diffusion barriers lead to low viability and poor survival for large islets, but are not solely responsible for the inferior insulin secretion or poor transplantation outcomes of large versus small islets.

title: Reduction of diffusion barriers in isolated XXXX islets improves survival, but not insulin secretion or transplantation outcome.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The potential to produce new cells during adult life depends on the number of stem cell niches and the capacity of stem cells to divide, and is therefore under the control of programs ensuring developmental homeostasis. However, it remains generally unknown how the number of stem cell niches is controlled. In the insect ovary, each germline stem cell (GSC) niche is embedded in a functional unit called an ovariole. The number of ovarioles, and thus the number of GSC niches, varies widely among species. In @entity238 , morphogenesis of ovarioles starts in larvae with the formation of terminal filaments (TFs), each made of 8-10 cells that pile up and sort in stacks. TFs constitute organizers of individual germline stem cell niches during larval and early pupal development. In the @entity238 subgroup, the number of ovarioles varies interspecifically from 8 to 20. Here we show that pipsqueak, @entity18883 , batman and the bric-  -brac (bab) locus, all encoding nuclear BTB/POZ factors of the @entity35615 Group, are involved in limiting the number of ovarioles in @entity238 . At least two different processes are differentially perturbed by reducing the function of these genes. We found that when the bab dose is reduced, sorting of TF cells into TFs was affected such that each TF contains fewer cells and more TFs are formed. In contrast, psq mutants exhibited a greater number of TF cells per ovary, with a normal number of cells per TF, thereby leading to formation of more TFs per ovary than in the wild type. Our results indicate that two parallel genetic pathways under the control of a network of nuclear BTB factors are combined in order to negatively control the number of germline stem cell niches.

title: Genetic basis for developmental homeostasis of germline stem cell niche number: a network of XXXX -Group nuclear BTB factors.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'Drosophila', 'D. melanogaster']

answer: @entity35615 :: (48317(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['Tramtrack']


abstract: AIM: This study focuses on the potential role of @entity25249 positron emission tomography (PET) for the @entity5 characterization and localization in recurrent @entity263 after EBRT. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in @entity1 who were being followed up after EBRT for histological proven @entity263 . We selected the @entity1 with a local recurrence by @entity25249 PET/CT fusion. The results of PET were compared with the results of histology and with clinical follow-up. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 with a local recurrence suggested by PET were included in this study. According to PET results: of the 42 @entity1 , 15 (36%) had a focal recurrence, 27 (64%) showed a diffuse recurrence. The overall concordance of PET with histology concerning detection of recurrence was 76% (32 @entity1 had positive PET results and positive biopsies). We confirmed the local recurrence as visualized by PET in 37/42 (88%) @entity1 using a composite reference with histology and clinical follow up after local salvage treatment. The concordance of the intraprostatic distribution of the @entity5 with PET with histology from transrectal prostate biopsies (median biopsies 7, range 4-12) was 47% (7/15) in unilateral cases and 41% (11/27) in bilateral cases. No significant differences were seen between the 2 groups in serum PSA at time of PET (P=0.509) and SUV (P=0.739) using Student's t-test. CONCLUSION: Intraprostatic characterization of recurrent @entity263 after EBRT with @entity25249 PET is feasible at present but shows a moderate concordance with routine transrectal prostate biopsies. The accuracy is too low for the routine use of this modality in the present scenario.

title: XXXX PET for the @entity5 characterization and localization in recurrent @entity263 after EBRT.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intraprostatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity25249 :: (CHEBI:72322,Chemical) :: ['[11C]choline']


abstract: Omalizumab is an effective drug for @entity56 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerance of this drug in non-allergic GINA step V @entity565 @entity1 . This study was single-centre, prospective, open-label, observational, naturalistic. @entity56 @entity1 requiring a mean dose of oral @entity617 of at least 5 mg/day during greater than or equal to 1 year or an accumulated oral @entity228 dose/year greater than or equal to 1500 mg were enrolled. At entry and the end of the 12-month follow-up we measured blood @entity1712 and IgE concentration; at every monthly visit a forced spirometry and exhaled fraction of @entity842 (NO) were carried out. The subjects were seven adult @entity1 (5 female), age range 37-63 years, with the following mean values: IgE: 226.7+/-176 IU/mL; FVC 74+/-18 percent; FEV1 57+/-11 percent; NO: 21.2+/-7 ppb. The study was approved by the IRB of the hospital. One @entity1 decided to stop treatment after 12 weeks and was excluded from the evaluation. We did not observe changes in eosinophil count, spirometry or NO values. Three @entity1 considered responders did not need @entity617 during the follow-up. The mean daily dose of @entity617 fell from 6.6+/-8.1 mg/day at entry to 1.5+/-2.3 mg/day (p less than 0.16) at the end of follow-up. The mean monthly accumulated dose fell from 92+/-112 to 12+/-26 mg/month (p=0.26). Total blood IgE increased 1.93-fold. Side effects were only local: treatment tolerance was excellent; three out of six @entity1 seemed to slightly benefit from anti-IgE treatment; to date there is no evidence strong enough to systematically prescribe omalizumab in @entity56 @entity1 .

title: Effectiveness of omalizumab in non-allergic severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma', 'non-allergic asthma', 'Non-allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Profound @entity2332 associated with @entity1167 is the commonest method of cerebral protection during operations on the aortic arch. This technique allows a limited time to perform the aortic repair, however. It also necessitates prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass to rewarm the @entity1 . This may be the cause of @entity3459 or @entity281 . Selective perfusion of the carotid arteries can also be used. When the perfusion is derived from the main arterial line, however, the repair of the aorta requires that the vessel be crossclamped, and cannot be performed in an "open, bloodless" manner. To avoid the disadvantages of both techniques, we have developed a new technique of cerebral protection. After a regular cardiopulmonary bypass has been established, the carotid arteries are cannulated and perfused with blood cooled at 6 degrees to 12 degrees C, through a separate heat exchanger, while the core temperature is maintained at moderate @entity2332 (25 degrees to 28 degrees C, rectal). To perform the "open" distal repair, the cardiopulmonary bypass is discontinued while the carotid perfusion is maintained (250 to 350 ml/min). When the distal repair is completed, cardiopulmonary bypass is resumed and the carotid perfusion is discontinued. Between 1984 and June 1989, 54 @entity1 (mean age 55 years) were operated on with this method (45 elective operations, 9 emergency procedures). Mean duration of cardiopulmonary bypass was 121 minutes (65 to 248), and mean duration of @entity1167 was 22 minutes (10 to 51). The electroencephalogram, routinely recorded, showed return of the cerebral activity after a mean time of 12 minutes and normal activity after a mean time of 66 minutes. There was no intraoperative @entity204 . Hospital mortality rate was 13% (7/54). One @entity204 was related to @entity16 . All @entity1 but one awakened normally within 8 hours after operation. Two @entity1 (4.3%) experienced a transient @entity16 ( @entity1805 ) 9 and 11 days postoperatively. There was no hemorrhagic complication (24-hour average @entity190 : 840 +/- 540 ml). In our experience the technique of " @entity5032 " has been demonstrated to provide excellent cerebral protection. It requires no prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass and does not limit the time necessary to perform the aortic repair. It may be considered as a safe alternative to profound @entity2332 associated with @entity1167 .

title: XXXX . A new technique of cerebral protection during operations on the transverse aortic arch.

entities_list: @entity5032 :: ('MESH:C569627', 'Disease') :: ['cold cerebroplegia']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic episode', 'neurologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation disorders']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['lateral hemianopia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity5032 :: (MESH:C569627,Disease) :: ['Cold cerebroplegia']


abstract: Few previous studies have analyzed the association between different dimensions of social capital and @entity146 . This study examines whether there is an association between a relatively new theoretical concept describing the amount of trust between individuals and societal institutions, i.e. linking social capital, and hospitalization due to @entity308 or @entity716 . The entire Swedish population aged 25-64, a total of 4.5 million @entity1 and @entity1 , was followed from January 1, 1997, until the first hospital admission due to @entity308 or @entity716 during the study period, or the end of the study on December 31, 1999. Small area neighborhood units were used to define neighborhoods. The definition of linking social capital was based on mean voting participation in each neighborhood unit, categorized in tertiles. Multilevel logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and neighborhood-level variance in four different models. The results showed strong associations between linking social capital and hospitalization due to @entity308 or @entity716 . These associations decreased considerably in both @entity1 and @entity1 , but still remained significant, after adjustment for age, housing tenure, education, employment status, marital status, and country of birth. However, the results for @entity308 (both @entity1 and @entity1 ) no longer remained significant after adjustment for @entity1949 . In contrast, the results for @entity716 decreased considerably but remained significant after adjustment for @entity1949 . The association between low levels of voting participation and hospitalization due to @entity308 or @entity716 might reflect neighborhood differences in linking social capital, which could affect vulnerable individuals negatively. Decision-makers should take into account the evidence of a neighborhood effect on mental health in decisions regarding the sites of @entity146 clinics and other kinds of community support for @entity146 @entity1 .

title: Low-linking social capital as a predictor of XXXX : a cohort study of 4.5 million Swedes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['neighborhood deprivation']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['mental disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pathologists use diverse terminology when interpreting @entity5 , potentially compromising quality of care. OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the Melanocytic Pathology Assessment Tool and Hierarchy for Diagnosis (MPATH-Dx) scheme, a 5-category classification system for @entity75 . METHODS: @entity1 (n  =  16) of the 2013 International @entity320 Pathology Study Group Workshop provided independent case-level diagnoses and treatment suggestions for 48 @entity75 . Individual diagnoses (including, when necessary, least and most severe diagnoses) were mapped to corresponding MPATH-Dx classes. Interrater agreement and correlation between MPATH-Dx categorization and treatment suggestions were evaluated. RESULTS: Most @entity1 were board-certified dermatopathologists (n  =  15), age 50  years or older (n  =  12), male (n  =  9), based in the United States (n  =  11), and primary academic faculty (n  =  14). Overall, @entity1 generated 634 case-level diagnoses with treatment suggestions. Mean weighted kappa coefficients for diagnostic agreement after MPATH-Dx mapping (assuming least and most severe diagnoses, when necessary) were 0.70 (95% confidence interval 0.68-0.71) and 0.72 (95% confidence interval 0.71-0.73), respectively, whereas correlation between MPATH-Dx categorization and treatment suggestions was 0.91. LIMITATIONS: This was a small sample size of experienced pathologists in a testing situation. CONCLUSION: Varying diagnostic nomenclature can be classified into a concise hierarchy using the MPATH-Dx scheme. Further research is needed to determine whether this classification system can facilitate diagnostic concordance in general pathology practice and improve @entity1 care.

title: Evaluation of the Melanocytic Pathology Assessment Tool and Hierarchy for Diagnosis (MPATH-Dx) classification scheme for diagnosis of @entity5 : Results from the International XXXX Pathology Study Group.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['Melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Melanoma']


abstract: @entity172 are biosynthesised from @entity3800 by the CYP450 enzyme complex called aromatase. Aromatase is expressed in the ovary, placenta, brain, bone, adipose tissue and breast tissue. In @entity0 , intratumoural aromatase is the source for local @entity172 production in the tissue. Inhibition of aromatase is an important approach for reducing growth stimulatory effects of @entity172 in @entity172 -dependent @entity0 . The potent and selective third-generation aromatase inhibitors @entity13558 , @entity4672 and @entity17082 were introduced to the market as endocrine therapy in postmenopausal patients failing anti- @entity172 therapy alone, or multiple hormonal therapies. @entity13558 and @entity4672 are both non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors that compete with the substrate for binding to the enzyme active site. @entity17082 is a mechanism-based steroidal inhibitor that mimics the substrate, is converted by the enzyme to a reactive intermediate, and results in inactivation of aromatase. These third-generation aromatase inhibitors are currently approved as first-line therapy for the treatment of postmenopausal @entity1 with metastatic @entity172 -dependent @entity0 . The use of an aromatase inhibitor as initial therapy, or after treatment with @entity440 , is now recommended as adjuvant hormonal therapy for postmenopausal @entity1 with hormone-dependent @entity0 . Several clinical studies of aromatase inhibitors focus on the use of these agents in the adjuvant setting, for the treatment of early @entity0 . Recently published results show improved responses with these agents compared with @entity440 .

title: Update on the use of aromatase inhibitors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogens', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity4672 :: ('MESH:C067431', 'Chemical') :: ['letrozole']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity17082 :: ('MESH:C056516', 'Chemical') :: ['Exemestane', 'exemestane']

entities_list: @entity13558 :: ('MESH:C090450', 'Chemical') :: ['Anastrozole', 'anastrozole']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We performed a nationwide population-based cohort study to investigate the association between estimated @entity413 disposal rate (eGDR) and long-term survival after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . All @entity1 who underwent primary CABG in Sweden from 2006 to 2013 were identified from the SWEDEHEART register and by record linkage to the National @entity6 Register; all @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 were included and formed the study population. @entity1 were followed until 2013 through national registers for major adverse cardiovascular events and @entity204 from any cause. eGDR was calculated using waist circumference, hemoglobin A1c, and presence or the absence of @entity101 . The association between eGDR and @entity204 was estimated using multivariable Cox regression. A total of 3256 @entity1 were included. During a mean follow-up of 3.1  years (10,227 @entity1 -years), in total, 14  % @entity1 died: 17  % (n  =  186) in the 1st tertile (lowest eGDR), 14  % (n  =  145) in the 2nd tertile, and 13  % (n  =  133) in the 3rd tertile (highest eGDR). There was a significant association between eGDR and increased risk of @entity204 : adjusted hazard ratio (95  % confidence interval): 1.46 (1.12-1.90) for the 1st eGDR tertile compared to the 3rd and highest eGDR tertile. In conclusion, @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 who underwent CABG, a low eGDR, were associated with an increased risk of long-term all-cause mortality that was independent of other cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. Insulin resistance measured by eGDR could be a useful risk marker in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity741 .

title: Estimated @entity413 disposal rate and long-term survival in @entity164 2 XXXX after coronary artery bypass grafting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity1024 receptors (NMDAR) are tetrameric @entity535 receptors which act as membrane @entity460 channels. The presence of the receptor has been detected in the principal organs responsible for @entity460 homeostasis (kidney and bone), pointing to a possible role in mineral metabolism. In the present work, the presence of the receptor was determined in normal parathyroid glands (PTG) by real-time PCR, immunoprecipitation, and immunohistrochemistry. Healthy animals showed a decrease in blood @entity4727 ( @entity4727 ) levels 15 min after the treatment with @entity143 . This effect was also observed in animals with high levels of @entity4727 -induced @entity1098 injection, but not in uremic animals with @entity3528 (2HPT). Normal @entity35 PTG incubated in media with low @entity460 concentration (0.8 mM @entity3282 ) showed a decrease in @entity4727 release when @entity143 was added to the media. This effect of @entity143 was abolished when glands were coincubated with @entity3390 (a pharmacological blocker of the @entity143 channel) or @entity4286 (an inhibitor of the ERK-MAPK pathway). Glands obtained from animals with 2HPT showed no effect of @entity143 in the in vitro release of @entity4727 , together with a decrease in the expression of @entity4474 . In conclusion, @entity143 receptor is present in PTG and is involved in the regulation of the @entity4727 release. The mechanism by which NMDAR exerts its function is through the activation of the MAPK cascade. In uremic 2HPT animals the receptor expression is downregulated and the treatment with @entity143 does not affect @entity4727 secretion.

title: XXXX receptors are expressed in @entity35 parathyroid gland and regulate @entity4727 secretion.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-d-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to reach the reasons of isolated low levels of maternal serum unconjugated @entity11111 (uE3) levels ( <= 0.3 multiples of the median (MoM)) in the triple-marker screen with special emphasis on maternal diseases and medications used for them. METHODS: Single center retrospective cross-sectional analysis. Of 13,367 non-smoking @entity1 with identified singleton pregnancies screened for triple test, during 3-year period (2007-2009), a group of @entity1 with isolated low serum uE3 levels ( <= 0.3 MoM) (n = 14) were selected as the study group. RESULTS: Of these 14 @entity1 , no one gave birth with @entity5657 . Five @entity1 had, isolated very low uE3 levels (<0.01 MoM). Of these @entity1 , one had umbilical cord knot, one was on corticosteroid and three were on @entity5652 treatment. So, there was history of maternal drug intake in 28.5% of cases with isolated low uE3 ( <= 0.3 MoM). This rate increases to 80% in cases with very low uE3 levels (<0.01 MoM). CONCLUSIONS: @entity66 and medications used during pregnancy can affect fetus and antenatal screening test results. This is important during counseling of @entity1 and to perform the appropriate antenatal and postnatal evaluation of the mother and fetus with multidisciplinary approach.

title: Possible association of medications during pregnancy with low XXXX level of the triple antenatal screening test.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Maternal diseases']

entities_list: @entity5652 :: ('MESH:D011441', 'Chemical') :: ['propylthiouracil']

entities_list: @entity5657 :: ('MESH:D007057', 'Disease') :: ['ichthyosis']

answer: @entity11111 :: (MESH:D004964,Chemical) :: ['estriol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to identify factors that affect the duration of the interval between the completion of palliative chemotherapy and @entity204 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 255 cases in which @entity1 had received palliative chemotherapy in the medical oncology division and died during the period 2002-2006. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors that affected the duration of the interval between the completion of chemotherapy and @entity204 . RESULTS: There were 133 cases of @entity0 , 77 cases of gynecological @entity5 , 24 cases of primary unknown @entity5 , and 21 cases of other @entity5 . The median interval between the completion of chemotherapy and @entity204 was 100 days (range, 5-1,206 days). Thirty-two @entity1 (12.6%) died within 30 days, and 82 @entity1 (32.3%) died within 60 days. Fifty-eight (22.7%) @entity1 were symptomatic when chemotherapy was started, and 205 @entity1 (80.4%) were provided information about palliative care units at the start of chemotherapy. The factors associated with a short interval between the completion of chemotherapy and @entity204 (< or = 90 days) according to the univariate analysis were male sex, young age (< or = 45 years), attending physician, poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score (3 or 4), obvious symptoms, and not having been given information about palliative care units. The results of the multivariate analysis indicated that young @entity1 (< or = 45 years) who had not been referred to a palliative care unit and who had symptoms survived for a significantly shorter time interval. CONCLUSION: Young @entity1 who were symptomatic tended to choose chemotherapy instead of entering a palliative care unit until the very near-the-end-of-life stage.

title: Factors that affect the duration of the interval between the completion of palliative chemotherapy and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2413 are colonized by respiratory pathogens in mechanically-ventilated intensive care unit @entity1 . Thus, improvements in oral hygiene in these @entity1 may prevent @entity2489 . The goal of this study was to determine the minimum frequency (once or twice a day) for 0.12% @entity5164 application necessary to reduce oral colonization by pathogens in 175 intubated @entity1 in a @entity130 intensive care unit. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial tested oral topical 0.12% @entity5164 or placebo (vehicle alone), applied once or twice a day by staff nurses. Quantitation of colonization of the oral cavity by respiratory pathogens (teeth/denture/buccal mucosa) was measured. RESULTS: Subjects were recruited from 1 March, 2004 until 30 November, 2007. While 175 subjects were randomized, microbiologic baseline data was available for 146 subjects, with 115 subjects having full outcome assessment after at least 48 hours. @entity1216 reduced the number of @entity794 , but not the total number of enterics, @entity2782 in the dental plaque of test subjects. A non-significant reduction in @entity55 rate was noted in groups treated with @entity1216 compared with the placebo group (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.23 to 1.25, P = 0.15). No evidence for resistance to @entity1216 was noted, and no adverse events were observed. No differences were noted in microbiologic or clinical outcomes between treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS: While decontamination of the oral cavity with @entity1216 did not reduce the total number of potential respiratory pathogens, it did reduce the number of @entity794 in dental plaque of @entity130 intensive care @entity1 .

title: A randomized trial of XXXX on oral bacterial pathogens in mechanically ventilated @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine', 'Chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity2413 :: ('MESH:D003773', 'Disease') :: ['Dental plaque biofilms']

entities_list: @entity2782 :: ('MESH:D011552', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudomonas or Acinetobacter']

entities_list: @entity5164 :: ('MESH:C010882', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine gluconate']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']

answer: @entity5164 :: (MESH:C010882,Chemical) :: ['chlorhexidine gluconate']


abstract: The detection of temporal regularity allows organisms to predict the occurrence of future events. When events occur in an irregular manner, uncertainty is increased, and negative outcomes can ensue (e.g., stress). The present study shows that spinal neurons can discriminate between variable- and fixed-spaced stimulation and that the detection of regularity requires training and engages a form of @entity143 receptor-mediated plasticity. The impact of stimulus exposure was assessed using a spinally mediated instrumental response, wherein spinally transected @entity35 are given legshock whenever one hindlimb is extended. Over time, they learn to maintain the leg in a flexed position that minimizes net shock exposure. Prior exposure to 180-900 tailshocks given in a variable (unpredictable) manner inhibited this learning. A @entity4207 was not observed when 900 tailshocks were applied using a fixed (predictable) spacing. Fixed-spaced stimulation did not have a divergent effect when fewer (180) shocks were presented, implying that the abstraction of temporal regularity required repeated exposure (training). Moreover, fixed-spaced stimulation both prevented and reversed the @entity4207 . The protective effect of fixed-spaced shock lasted 48 h, and was prevented by pretreatment with the @entity143 receptor antagonist @entity3390 . Administration of the protein synthesis inhibitor @entity1880 after training blocked the long-term effect. Inhibiting @entity2136 function, using @entity10864 -IgG, also eliminated the beneficial effect of fixed-spaced stimulation. The results suggest that spinal systems can detect regularity and that this type of stimulation promotes adaptive plasticity, which may foster recovery after spinal injury.

title: Timing in the absence of supraspinal input II: regularly spaced stimulation induces a lasting alteration in spinal function that depends on the XXXX receptor, @entity2136 release, and protein synthesis.

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning deficit']

answer: @entity143 :: (CHEBI:6121,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: We encountered a 45-year-old @entity1 with @entity9757 associated with @entity309 . In May 1997, she was given a diagnosis of @entity309 and prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. After a month, she visited our hospital because of @entity221 and cough. A chest roentgenogram and computed tomographic scan on first admission revealed peripheral infiltrative shadows in the upper fields of both lungs. Approximately 30% of peripheral blood cells were eosinophils. Furthermore eosinophils were elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and transbronchial lung biopsy specimens. A conclusive diagnosis of @entity9757 was made on these grounds. The @entity1 responded well to @entity134 treatment, but was readmitted a week later because of worsening joint @entity158 and @entity272 in the lower extremities of both legs. A skin biopsy showed perivascular and interstitial eosinophil infiltration. The combination of @entity230 , a disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug, and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug proved to be effective.

title: [ @entity9757 associated with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9757 :: ('MESH:C535590', 'Disease') :: ['chronic eosinophilic pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin eruptions']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of dynamic color Doppler sonography (D-CDS) in @entity1 with @entity323 ( @entity323 ). Terminal microcirculation alterations and their correlation with erectile response after drug testing were investigated with power Doppler energy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 134 @entity323 @entity1 were submitted to CDS during flaccidity: 8 of them (6%) had sparse hyperechoic spots inside the corpora. A standardized intracavernous injection of 10 micrograms @entity5015 ( @entity5015 ) was followed by audiovisual sexual stimulation. If rigid erection was not achieved after 20 minutes, @entity1 were randomized to redosing of either 10 micrograms @entity5015 (phase 2a) or 10 micrograms @entity5015 plus 1 mg @entity5521 (phase 2b), with reassessment of power Doppler recordings after 20 minutes (peak systolic velocities and the resistive index, RI). RESULTS: A rigid erection (RI > .90) was achieved in 26% of @entity1 after the first injection. As for the remaining @entity1 , the RI was improved in 12% after phase 2a and in 34% after phase 2b (p < .05), with no differences in mean peak systolic velocities. Power Doppler showed two/three orders of distal branches of helicine arterioles with regular morphology, in most of the latter subjects. A negative correlation (r = .68, p < .001) was found between penile @entity82 and the degree of @entity2003 achieved after the first injection. CONCLUSIONS: Penile sonography in the flaccid state can show @entity527 and/or @entity82 of the corpora. Redosing of @entity5015 plus @entity5521 during D-CDS is a safe procedure and improves diagnostic accuracy in @entity323 , with significantly fewer non-responders than redosing of @entity5015 alone. Power Doppler energy shows altered morphology of helicine arterioles otherwise missed at color Doppler and is thus recommended to make an accurate diagnosis in some @entity1 with @entity323 .

title: [The use of dynamic Doppler color ultrasonography of the penis in the study of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunctions', 'impotent', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['calcificic plaques']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['alprostadil', 'PGE1']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: @entity5 of the upper aero-digestive and gastrointestinal tract are one of the major causes of mortality around the world. DNA repair genes play a vital role in preventing @entity105 by maintaining genomic integrity. Polymorphisms in the @entity4334 sequence of DNA repair genes are often reported to be associated with an increased risk for different @entity5 . The @entity9552 gene encodes the enzyme @entity25469 DNA glycosylase which removes oxidatively damaged bases of DNA. Several studies report that the @entity9552 @entity35385 polymorphism increases the risk for @entity5 of the upper aero-digestive and gastrointestinal tract. However, other studies provide evidence that such an association does not exist. A meta-analysis to assess the role of @entity9552 @entity35385 polymorphism in the @entity5 of the upper aero-digestive and gastrointestinal tract was therefore undertaken in order to resolve this ambiguity. Seventeen studies were recruited for this meta-analysis after screening 58 articles with a total of 5533 cases and 6834 controls for which the odds ratio with 95  % confidence interval was calculated. Begg's funnel test and Egger's test were performed for calculating publication bias. Our study reveals an association between @entity9552 @entity35385 polymorphism and @entity5 susceptibility of the upper aero-digestive and gastrointestinal tract (CG  +  GG vs CC; odds ratio, OR 1.22; 95  % CI 1.05-1.41; GG vs CG  +  CC; OR 1.36; 95  % CI 1.09-1.70; GG vs CC; OR 1.46; 95  % CI 1.12-1.92). Subgroup analysis based on @entity5 types and ethnicity also revealed the association of @entity9552 @entity35385 polymorphism to the risk for upper aero-digestive and @entity1820 among both the Asian and the Caucasian populations. No risk was however observed for smoking habits and @entity9552 @entity35385 polymorphism. In conclusion, @entity9552 @entity35385 polymorphism may be associated with the increased risk for aero-digestive tract and @entity5 in both Asian and Caucasian populations.

title: Association between @entity9552 XXXX polymorphism and risk of upper aero-digestive tract and @entity1820 : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity35385 :: ('p|SUB|S|326|C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ser326Cys']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancers', 'gastro-intestinal cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal tract cancers']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity35385 :: (p|SUB|S|326|C,ProteinMutation) :: ['Ser326Cys']


abstract: BAK1 is a co-receptor of @entity16656 (BR) receptor BRI1, and plays a well-characterized role in BR signalling. BAK1 also physically interacts with the flagellin receptor FLS2 and regulates pathogen resistance. The role of BAK1 in mediating Nicotiana attenuata's resistance responses to its specialist herbivore, @entity4079 , was examined here. A virus-induced gene-silencing system was used to generate empty vector (EV) and NaBAK1-silenced plants. The wounding- and herbivory-induced responses were examined on EV and NaBAK1-silenced plants by wounding plants or simulating herbivory by treating wounds with larval @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ). After wounding or @entity1697 elicitation, NaBAK1-silenced plants showed attenuated @entity7214 (JA) and JA- @entity6778 bursts, phytohormone responses important in mediating plant defences against herbivores. However, these decreased JA and JA-Ile levels did not result from compromised MAPK activity or elevated SA levels. After simulated herbivory, NaBAK1-silenced plants had EV levels of defensive secondary metabolites, namely, @entity1659 ( @entity1659 ), and similar levels of resistance to @entity4079 larvae. Additional experiments demonstrated that decreased JA levels in NaBAK1-VIGS plants, rather than the enzymatic activity of JAR proteins or Ile levels, were responsible for the reduced JA-Ile levels observed in these plants. @entity19086 application elicited higher levels of TPI activity in NaBAK1-silenced plants than in EV plants, suggesting that silencing NaBAK1 enhances the accumulation of @entity1659 induced by a given level of JA. Thus NaBAK1 is involved in modulating herbivory-induced JA accumulation and how JA levels are transduced into TPI levels in N. attenuata.

title: BAK1 regulates the accumulation of @entity7214 and the levels of XXXX in Nicotiana attenuata's responses to herbivory.

entities_list: @entity4079 :: ('7130', 'Species') :: ['Manduca sexta']

entities_list: @entity1659 :: ('MESH:D054179', 'Disease') :: ['trypsin proteinase inhibitors', 'TPIs']

entities_list: @entity7214 :: ('MESH:C011006', 'Chemical') :: ['jasmonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral secretions', 'OS']

entities_list: @entity19086 :: ('MESH:C072239', 'Chemical') :: ['Methyl jasmonate']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity16656 :: ('CHEBI:22921', 'Chemical') :: ['brassinosteroid']

answer: @entity1659 :: (MESH:D054179,Disease) :: ['trypsin proteinase inhibitors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity17558 ( @entity17558 ) is caused by a variety of missense mutations in the @entity29732 gene. Psychiatric comorbidity has been reported, although systematic examination of @entity146 in individuals with @entity17558 is lacking. This study examines @entity146 morbidity for 23 @entity1 with @entity17558 in 10 families with family member control subjects and in 3 unrelated @entity1 with @entity17558 , totaling 56 individuals. METHODS: Twenty-nine @entity29732 mutation-positive individuals were examined; 26 exhibited motor symptoms (motor manifesting carrier [ @entity1139 ]) and 3 did not (nonmotor manifesting carriers [NMC]). Twenty-seven @entity29732 mutation-negative @entity1 (noncarriers [NC]) were included. Rates of @entity146 for @entity1 with @entity17558 and related asymptomatic gene mutation carriers were compared with those for related nonmutation carriers. Outcome measures included the Unified @entity191 Rating Scale, Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, Composite International Diagnostic Interview, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, Hamilton Depression Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. RESULTS: NMC @entity1 did not report any history of @entity146 . Findings in @entity1139 and NC groups included @entity148 ( @entity1139 48, NC 41%), mood ( @entity1139 50%, NC 22%), @entity716 ( @entity1139 19%, NC 0%), and @entity734 /dependence ( @entity1139 38%, NC 27%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity29732 mutations cause a wide spectrum of motor and nonmotor features. @entity716 tended to emerge before or concurrent with motor symptom onset, suggesting that this could be another expression of the @entity29732 gene mutation.

title: XXXX in @entity17558 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric illness', 'psychiatric disorder', 'psychiatric disease']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity17558 :: ('MESH:C538001', 'Disease') :: ['RDP', 'Rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['Psychotic symptoms', 'psychotic']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Psychiatric disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are very few published data on the management of primary @entity242 , defined as @entity242 arising from the lung, pleura, and mediastinum, excluding the chest wall. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of @entity1 with @entity242 treated at an academic referral center over a 21-year period. METHODS: A retrospective search was performed to identify @entity1 with @entity242 treated with surgical resection from January 1990 to November 2011 at the University of Washington Medical Center. Local control and overall survival were analyzed in relation to the treatment received. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 were identified. Hazard ratios for local control, adjusted for @entity5 margin status, at 5  years were 0.74 (95  % CI [0.21, 2.58]) for the addition of chemotherapy (CT) to surgery, 0.57 (95  % CI [0.15, 2.23]) with the addition of (radiation therapy) @entity138 , and 0.50 (95  % CI [0.06, 4.03]) with the addition of both CT and @entity138 . At 7  years, the ratios for local control were 0.69 (95  % CI [0.20, 2.36]) for CT added to surgery, 0.58 (95  % CI [0.15, 2.27]) for @entity138 , and 0.41 (95  % CI [0.05, 3.33]) with the addition of both CT and @entity138 . Hazard ratios for overall survival, adjusted for @entity242 stage, at 5  years were 0.61 (95  % CI [0.16, 2.39]) for the addition of CT to surgery, 1.03 (95  % CI [0.26, 4.08]) for the addition of @entity138 , and 0.54 (95  % CI [0.11, 2.69]) for the addition of both CT and @entity138 . The 7-year hazard ratios for overall survival were 0.77 (95  % CI [0.23, 2.60]) for CT added to surgery, 0.99 (95  % CI [0.25, 3.84]) for the addition of @entity138 , and 0.42 (95  % CI [0.09, 2.05]) for both CT and @entity138 with surgery. At 10  years, hazard ratios for overall survival were 0.71 (95  % CI [0.21, 2.38]) for added CT, 0.81 (95  % CI [0.21, 3.08]) for added @entity138 , and 0.33 (95  % CI [0.07, 1.65]) for the addition of both CT and @entity138 to surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Our series is the largest published study of @entity242 which focuses on the survival benefit of adding @entity138 , chemotherapy or both to surgery in resectable @entity242 . Our data suggest a potential benefit in local control and survival from adjuvant therapy, with the greatest benefit likely to come from combined CT and @entity138 , though none of the results achieved statistical significance. As @entity242 are rare and histologically heterogeneous, larger collaborative studies are necessary to determine treatment efficacy and elucidate which histologic subtypes are likely to benefit most from adjuvant therapy.

title: Treatment of resectable XXXX : a single institution experience over twenty years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas', 'intrathoracic sarcomas', 'intrathoracic sarcoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['intrathoracic sarcomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are normally implemented in a univariate framework and analyze different phenotypes in isolation. This univariate approach ignores the potential genetic correlation between important disease traits. Hence this approach is difficult to detect pleiotropic genes, which may exist for @entity28 and @entity170 , two common diseases of major public health importance that are closely correlated genetically. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To identify such pleiotropic genes and the key mechanistic links between the two diseases, we here performed the first bivariate GWAS of @entity28 and @entity170 . We searched for genes underlying co-variation of the @entity28 phenotype, body mass index (BMI), with the @entity170 risk phenotype, hip @entity79 ( @entity79 ), scanning approximately 380,000 SNPs in 1,000 unrelated homogeneous Caucasians, including 499 males and 501 females. We identified in the male subjects two SNPs in intron 1 of the @entity26468 ( @entity26468 ) gene, @entity29187 and @entity29188 , which were bivariately associated with both BMI and hip @entity79 , achieving p values of 6.82x10(-7) and 1.47x10(-6), respectively. The two SNPs ranked at the top in significance for bivariate association with BMI and hip @entity79 in the male subjects among all the approximately 380,000 SNPs examined genome-wide. The two SNPs were replicated in a Framingham Heart Study (FHS) cohort containing 3,355 Caucasians (1,370 males and 1,985 females) from 975 families. In the FHS male subjects, the two SNPs achieved p values of 0.03 and 0.02, respectively, for bivariate association with BMI and femoral neck @entity79 . Interestingly, @entity26468 was previously found to be essential to both cartilage formation/chondrogenesis and @entity28 -related insulin resistance, suggesting the gene's dual role in both bone and fat. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings, together with the prior biological evidence, suggest the @entity26468 gene's importance in co-regulation of @entity28 and @entity170 .

title: Powerful bivariate genome-wide association analyses suggest the @entity26468 gene influencing both @entity28 and XXXX phenotypes in males.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: One hundred eighteen @entity1 , 100 with @entity3886 plus @entity1757 and 18 with @entity1147 right ventricle and subpulmonary @entity1757 have undergone arterial switch and patch closure of the @entity1757 since February 1983. In @entity3886 the @entity1757 was perimembranous in 70 cases, trabecular in 28, and infundibular in 10. Eleven @entity1 had multiple @entity1757 . In addition to 18 @entity1 with @entity1147 right ventricle, @entity893 was present in 19 cases. Coronary type A distribution was recognized in 79 cases, type C in one, type D in 24, and type E in 14. Great arteries were side by side in 19% of cases. @entity1498 was present in 31 cases, and subaortic obstruction in 9. Age at operation ranged from 4 days to 4 years (mean, 3.5 +/- 8.3 months), and mean weight was 4.0 +/- 1.6 kg. Thirty-seven @entity1 were younger than age 1 month. Thirty-six @entity1 underwent previous operations: pulmonary artery banding alone (n = 13), @entity358 repair (n = 13), and @entity1498 repair alone (n = 10). Mean time between the first procedure and the switch was 2.2 months. Six @entity1 with @entity1498 underwent one-stage repair, through median sternotomy, aortic reconstruction, closure of the @entity1757 , and arterial switch. Perioperative mortality was 13.5% (70% confidence limit 10% to 17.6%, n = 16). It was directly related to coronary artery kinking in 50% of deaths and to anatomy and size discrepancy of the great arteries in the remaining deaths. Univariate analysis could not find any significant risk factor of in-hospital mortality. Mean follow-up of 30.3 +/- 23.5 months was achieved in all but 2 survivors. There was one late death. Ten @entity1 underwent 11 reoperations for recoarctation (n = 1), @entity849 (n = 7), residual @entity1757 (n = 2), and stenosis of superior vena cava (n = 1). Two @entity1 needed a permanent pacemaker. Actuarial survival and freedom from reoperation at 5 years were 84.5% +/- 3.6% and 85.7% +/- 4.6%, respectively. We conclude that anatomic correction of complex transposition is a safe method that offers good early and midterm results.

title: Anatomic correction of @entity3886 with XXXX . Experience with 118 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defects', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation', 'Aortic coarctation', 'coarctation']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery banding and coarctation']

entities_list: @entity1147 :: ('MESH:D004310', 'Disease') :: ['double-outlet']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['malalignment of the conal septum']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defect']


abstract: PURPOSE: The primary purpose of surveillance of @entity1 with @entity420 ( @entity420 ) and/or esophagogastric junction @entity420 after local therapy (eg, chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery or trimodality therapy [TMT]) is to implement a potentially beneficial salvage therapy to overcome possible morbidity/mortality caused by @entity177 ( @entity177 ). However, the benefits of surveillance are not well understood. We report on LRFs and salvage strategies in a large cohort. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 2000 and 2010, 518 @entity1 with @entity420 who completed TMT were analyzed for the frequency of @entity177 over time and salvage therapy outcomes. Standard statistical techniques were used. RESULTS: For 518 @entity1 , the median follow-up time was 29.3 months (range, 1 to 149 months). Distant @entity3 (with or without @entity177 ) occurred in 188 @entity1 (36%), and @entity177 only occurred in 27 @entity1 (5%). Eleven of 27 @entity1 had lumen-only @entity177 . Most LRFs (89%) occurred within 36 months of surgery. Twelve @entity1 had salvage chemoradiotherapy, but only five survived more than 2 years. Four @entity1 needed salvage surgery, and three who survived more than 2 years developed distant @entity3 . The median overall survival of 27 @entity1 with @entity177 was 17 months, and 10 @entity1 (37%) survived more than 2 years. Thus, only 2% of all 518 @entity1 benefited from surveillance/salvage strategies. CONCLUSION: Our surveillance strategy, which is representative of many others currently being used, raises doubts about its effectiveness and benefits (along with concerns regarding types and times of studies and costs implications) to @entity1 with @entity420 who have @entity177 only after TMT. Fortunately, LRFs are rare after TMT, but the salvage strategies are not highly beneficial. Our data can help develop an evidence-based surveillance strategy.

title: Locoregional failure rate after preoperative XXXX and the outcomes of salvage strategies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['locoregional failure', 'LRF']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'EAC', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['chemoradiation of esophageal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: A survey was conducted in 2004-2005 to investigate the risk of drug-related harm among Chinese, Vietnamese, Italian, Pasifika, Arabic-speaking and Spanish-speaking communities in Sydney. DESIGN AND METHODS: A self-completion questionnaire, available in six languages, was distributed by bilingual field staff. A representative multistage clustered sampling design was used. Comparisons were made with the New South Wales general population using the results from the 2004 National Drug Strategy Household Survey. RESULTS: The obtained sample was 2212 respondents; 50% completed the questionnaire in English. Daily @entity286 use was higher than the general population among Vietnamese @entity1 (30%), Italian @entity1 (22%) and Pasifika @entity1 and @entity1 (25%). Reported use of @entity167 and other drugs was lower than the general population in all six surveyed communities. Of the six communities, Pasifika had the highest rate of short-term risky drinking (22%). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Smoking cessation programs should prioritise communities with higher or equal rates of daily smokers compared with the wider New South Wales population. Focus areas vary between the communities, and include increasing help seeking and improving quitting success rates. Short-term risky drinking was not as prevalent among the surveyed communities; however, results suggest a need for prevention targeting Pasifika communities. Understanding the prevalence of substance use among culturally and linguistically diverse communities provides a crucial foundational component in developing culturally sensitive prevention and treatment programs. These results demonstrate the need for programs to be tailored to the needs and contexts of particular communities, rather than treating those from diverse backgrounds as one homogenous group.

title: XXXX , @entity286 and illicit drug use among six culturally diverse communities in Sydney.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity99 is a rare surgical emergency with significant morbidity and mortality. Therapeutic strategies have been controversially discussed during the last decades. METHODS: The medical records of 47 consecutive @entity1 with @entity99 treated at the University Hospital of Leipzig between 2004 and 2008 were retrospectively reviewed for the severity of @entity99 , management, morbidity, and mortality and compared to a preceding cohort. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors influencing mortality. RESULTS: Compared to 63 @entity1 treated between 1993 and 2003, moderate @entity99 (grades I-III) occurred more frequently (p = 0.0006), and the proportion of @entity1 that were managed operatively decreased from 68.9% to 37.5%. Twenty @entity1 (42.6%) were treated conservatively (all grades I to III) and 27 surgically (47.4%). In detail, five @entity1 were treated by hepatic packing alone, 13 by suture or coagulation, five by atypical resection, and four by hemihepatectomy. The overall mortality was 8.5% with a liver-related mortality rate of 2.1%. According to severity grades I-III, IV, and V, mortality rates were 0%, 18.2%, and 50.0%, respectively. Univariate analysis identified Injury Severity Score (ISS) >30, Moore grades IV and V, hemoglobin at admission <6.0 mmol/L, and need for transfusion of >12 erythrocyte concentrates to be significant risk factors for early @entity204 , while multivariate analysis only ISS >30 revealed to be of prognostic significance for early postoperative survival. CONCLUSION: Compared to a previous cohort in the same hospital, more @entity1 were treated conservatively. Management of @entity99 presented with a low liver-related mortality rate. Grades I-III injuries can safely be treated by conservative means with excellent results. @entity99 may often require surgical treatment ranging from packing to complex hemihepatectomy. Hence, for selection of appropriate therapeutic options, @entity1 with @entity99 should be treated in a specialized institution.

title: Balanced management of XXXX is associated with low liver-related mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['However, complex hepatic injuries', 'liver injuries', 'hepatic injuries', 'Hepatic trauma', 'liver injury', 'hepatic trauma']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic death']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic trauma']


abstract: Fifty @entity1 with advanced @entity320 received high-dose bolus and continuous infusion @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells in an attempt to improve the therapeutic index of this active but toxic therapy. Treatment began with up to nine bolus doses of @entity1199 administered over 3 days. After 1 day of rest, @entity1 underwent daily leukapheresis for 4 days, and the leukocytes were cultured with @entity1199 in vitro to prepare LAK cells. Continuous infusion @entity1199 was begun 1 day after the last leukapheresis and continued for up to 148 hours; LAK cells were administered on days 1, 2, and 4 of the infusion. Responding @entity1 were eligible to receive up to two additional cycles of therapy at 3-month intervals. Most @entity1 completed each cycle without dose reduction. One @entity1 had a complete response and six @entity1 had partial responses (14% response rate). The complete responder and three of the partial responders (8%) remain free from disease progression with follow-up of 21 to 24 months. Of these four @entity1 with durable remissions, one had extensive liver and lymph node @entity3 , one had lymph node, pleural, and parenchymal lung @entity3 , and two had disease limited to lymph nodes or subcutaneous tissues. Seventeen @entity1 (34%) required pressors for @entity551 , three @entity1 (6%) developed hemodynamically significant @entity943 , and six @entity1 (12%) developed @entity1353 at rest, but none required intubation and there were no treatment-related @entity204 . Unacceptable @entity137 developed in two @entity1 during bolus @entity1199 administration and therapy was aborted; both returned to baseline status within 4 days of discontinuing @entity1199 . Fever, @entity1458 , and elevated @entity1011 or transaminase levels occurred frequently but were also transient. Despite less frequent severe @entity137 with this modified regimen, these results confirm the ability of @entity1199 and LAK cell therapy to induce durable remissions in some @entity1 with advanced @entity320 .

title: XXXX treated with combined bolus and continuous infusion @entity1199 and lymphokine-activated killer cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Metastatic malignant melanoma']


abstract: AIM: The purpose of the study is to determine the effects of levonorgestrel use on hemostasis, and @entity190 over 24 months in a cohort of @entity1 seeking contraception. METHODS: Data from 30 @entity1 (median age 36 years) were analyzed. Samplings at pre-insertion, 1 and 3 months for blood and additional endometrial aspirates at 2 and 6 months were performed. Systemic determination for hemoglobin, hematocrit, computerized thromboelastography, tissue-type plasminogen activator, urokinase-like plasminogen activator and receptor, @entity2289 , D-dimer and @entity2880 Factor was performed. In endometrial extracts, tissue-type plasminogen activator, urokinase-like plasminogen activator and receptor and @entity2289 were assayed. The Menstrual Blood Loss Pictorial Chart Score for measurement of @entity190 was carried out for 24 months. RESULTS: There were no significant changes in systemic hemostasis within 3 months of device use. In the endometrium, there was a significant increase in tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen, @entity2289 and urokinase-like plasminogen activator receptor levels from pre-insertion state, with the highest level seen by 6 months. @entity2588 was seen in 20% of @entity1 by 6 months and 50% by 24 months. CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced expression of @entity2289 in the presence of increased urokinase-like plasminogen activator receptor and tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen was seen in the endometrium. The effects on hemostasis appear to be localized in the endometrium. Systemic hemostasis was not duly affected and @entity190 was reduced. No @entity1 in the study had a pregnancy or expulsion of the levonorgestrel-intrauterine system device in the 24 months of the study period.

title: Levonorgestrel-intrauterine system effects on hemostasis and XXXX in @entity1 seeking contraception.

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1/2']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['Amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['menstrual blood loss']


abstract: Biologic scaffolds composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) have been used to facilitate the constructive remodeling of several tissue types. Previous studies suggest that the ECM scaffold remodeling process is dependent on microenvironmental factors, including tissue-specific biomechanical loading. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of long-term catheterization (LTC), with its associated inhibition of @entity1494 and physiologic biomechanical loading, on ECM scaffold remodeling following partial cystectomy in a @entity235 model. Reconstruction of the partial cystectomy site was performed using ECM scaffolds prepared from porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) or porcine urinary bladder matrix (UBM). Animals were randomly assigned to either a long-term catheterization (LTC) group (n=5, catheterized 28 d) or a short-term catheterization group (STC, n=5, catheterized 24 h), and scaffold remodeling was assessed by histologic methods at 4 and 12 wk postoperatively. By 4 wk, animals in the STC group showed a well-developed and highly differentiated urothelium, a robust vascularization network, abundant @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ), and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (smMHC) expressing spindle-shaped cells, and many neuronal processes associated with newly formed arterioles. In contrast, at 4 wk the scaffolds in LTC animals were not epithelialized, and did not express neuronal markers. The scaffolds in the LTC group developed a dense granulation tissue containing @entity3960 +, smMHC-, spindle-shaped cells that were morphologically and phenotypically consistent with myofibroblasts, but not smooth muscle cells. By 12 wk postoperatively, the ECM scaffolds in the STC animals showed a constructive remodeling response, with a differentiated urothelium and islands of smooth muscle cells within the remodeled scaffold. In contrast, at 12 wk the scaffolds in LTC animals had a remodeling response more consistent with @entity82 even though catheters had been removed 8 wk earlier. These findings show that early exposure of site-appropriate mechanical loading (i.e., @entity1494 ) mediates a constructive remodeling response after ECM repair in a @entity235 partial cystectomy model.

title: Constructive remodeling of biologic scaffolds is dependent on early exposure to physiologic XXXX in a @entity235 partial cystectomy model.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3960 :: ('MESH:D018235', 'Disease') :: ['SMA', 'smooth muscle actin']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder filling']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder filling']