abstract: BACKGROUND: Portal hyperperfusion in the small-for-size (SFS) liver can threaten survival of @entity95 . Therefore, it is important to understand the hemodynamic changes in the SFS liver. METHODS: Twenty @entity95 were divided into two groups: a control group and a modulation group. The control group underwent an extended hepatectomy. The modulation group underwent the same procedure plus splenectomy to reduce portal blood flow. CT perfusion examinations were performed on all @entity95 before and after operation. Perfusion parameter values, especially portal vein perfusion ( @entity12468 ), were analyzed. RESULTS: @entity12468 in the modulation group was lower than in the control group after operation (P=0.002). In the control group, postoperative @entity12468 increased by 193.7+/-55.1% compared with preoperative @entity12468 . A weak correlation was found between the increased percentage of @entity12468 and resected liver-to-body weight ratio (RLBWR) (r=0.465, P=0.033). In the modulation group, postoperative @entity12468 increased by 101.4+/-32.5%. No correlation was found between the increased percentage of @entity12468 and RLBWR (r=0.167, P=0.644). Correlations were found between @entity12468 and serum @entity493 aminotransferase, @entity492 aminotransferase, and total @entity648 after surgery (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: We successfully evaluated the characteristics of hemodynamic changes as well as the effects of splenectomy in the SFS liver in @entity95 by the CT technique.

title: Computed tomography perfusion study of hemodynamic changes and portal hyperperfusion in a XXXX model of small-for-size liver.

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Enantioselectivity in the separation, toxicology, biodegradation and estrogenic activity of chiral pesticides has become a groundbreaking topic recently. In this study, real-time, quantitative polymerase chain reaction was adapted to investigate the induction of @entity172 -responsive gene expression in embryo-larval @entity3392 after 7 d of exposure to @entity315 (PM) enantiomers. The PM enantiomers were completely separated by a chiral HPLC column. The in vivo study found that a 7 d exposure to 250 ng L(-1) PM racemate and its enantiomers was sufficient to stimulate @entity27651 , esralpha and @entity24656 expression, while 1000 ng L(-1) exposure significantly induced gene expression in a pattern similar to that of the control (50 ng L(-1) E2), except for @entity27652 . Significant differences were detected between the enantiomers in the induction of @entity172 -responsive gene expression. At the exposure level of 1000 ng L(-1), the @entity27651 , esralpha and @entity24656 responses to the (-)-trans enantiomer were about 3.2-, 1.8- and 1.5-fold higher, respectively, than those in the group treated with (+)-trans enantiomer (p < 0.05). In the two cis-enantiomer treatment groups, (+)-cis increased the mRNA level of the @entity24656 gene about 1.5-fold higher than the (-)-cis-enantiomer did. Of the four enantiomers, the (-)-trans enantiomer showed the greatest estrogenic activity. The results strongly indicate the occurrence of significant enantioselectivity in estrogenic activity of PM enantiomers exposed to embryo-larval @entity3392 . These findings add to a growing body of evidence concerning enantioselectivity in the @entity137 , endocrine-disrupting activity, and environmental biodegradation of chiral pesticides.

title: Enantioselective induction of XXXX -responsive gene expression by @entity315 enantiomers in embryo-larval @entity3392 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity315 :: ('MESH:D026023', 'Chemical') :: ['permethrin']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY: @entity497 ( @entity497 ) and @entity295 are leading causes of hospitalisation after admission to a medical @entity341 ( @entity341 ). Identifying these potentially life-threatening diseases is not always easy due to often unspecific or minimal symptoms. However, quick application of antibiotics is known to be crucial and is correlated with better outcome. The international guidelines of the joint commission suggest a 4 hour-rule for optimal quality of care in @entity497 and @entity295 . In this study we assessed the @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) in @entity1 admitted to our @entity341 with the diagnosis of @entity497 and/or @entity295 . Furthermore we investigated the CRB-65 score, its clinical performance and its influence on @entity1054 . METHODS: Retrospective observational study of all @entity1 admitted and hospitalised through the @entity341 of a Swiss hospital with the diagnosis of @entity295 or @entity55 from June 2009 to June 2010 (n = 139). RESULTS: In 73% of the cases @entity1054 was lower than the recommended 4 hours. In @entity497 , a correlation between the CRB-65 and @entity1054 was not found (   = 0.13, p = 0.30). Further parameters, e.g. temperature or blood pressure did not improve @entity1054 significantly. Analysis of the CRB-65 score was regularly impeded due to absent documented information on respiratory rate or @entity911 state. CONCLUSION: In most cases it was feasible to fulfill the 4 hours @entity1054 . The CRB-65 score is an easy bedside tool, which was not routinely assessed by our emergency room personnel but its assessment did not affect @entity1054 in our hospital.

title: Quality of care in XXXX with @entity497 acquired @entity55 and @entity295 in a Swiss hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'Community acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['door-to-needle time', 'DNT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In the present study, we examined whether preincisional treatment with @entity14031 (DM) provides preemptive analgesia. Ninety @entity1 scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included. @entity1 receiving @entity17567 (CPM) 20 mg via an IM injection 30 min before skin incision were designated as the control group. @entity1 in Group A received DM 40 mg (containing CPM 20 mg) IM after removal of the gallbladder, whereas in Group B, DM 40 mg (containing CPM 20 mg) was administered IM 30 min before skin incision. @entity6882 (1 mg/kg IM) was given for @entity282 relief as required. Times to first @entity6882 injection, total @entity6882 consumption, worst @entity158 score, bed rest time, and side effects were recorded for 48 h after surgery. Times to first @entity6882 injection were 9.3+/-15.9, 17.4+/-3.4, and 28.6+/-3.9 h for the control group and Groups A and B, respectively. The total @entity6882 consumption was 90.7+/-11.9, 77.5+/-12.7, and 20.0+/-4.4 mg for the control group and Groups A and B, respectively. The worst visual analog @entity158 scores were 6.0+/-0.2, 6.0+/-0.2, and 4.0+/-0.4 for the control group and Groups A and B, respectively. The bed rest times were 21.0+/-0.5, 20.0+/-0.5, and 19.0+/-0.4 h for the control group and Groups A and B, respectively. The number of @entity1 who required @entity6882 injection was 26, 22, and 12 for the control group and Groups A and B, respectively. We conclude that DM is more effective in producing postoperative analgesia when it is administered preincision rather than after the gallbladder removal treatment, which suggests a preemptive analgesic effect. IMPLICATIONS: Preincisional @entity14031 (40 mg IM) treatment offers a preemptive analgesic effect, thus improving the @entity282 management.

title: Preincisional @entity14031 treatment decreases XXXX and opioid requirement after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14031 :: ('MESH:D003915', 'Chemical') :: ['dextromethorphan']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['Meperidine', 'meperidine']

entities_list: @entity17567 :: ('MESH:D002744', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpheniramine maleate']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: The prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) was determined in a multicentric epidemiological study carried out in seven different areas of Spain. Based on a target population of 236,412 @entity1 , a random census sample of 4,035 individuals between 40 and 69 years of age was chosen. Subjects answered several questionnaires and performed spirometric tests followed by a bronchodilation test if bronchial obstruction was detected. Respiratory symptoms were reported by 48% of the population (95% CI: 46.4-49.5%) with greater frequency of symptoms among @entity1 than @entity1 (55.2% versus 41%, p < 0.001). The following levels of prevalence of chronic symptoms were found: cough, 13.5% (95% CI: 12.5-14.6%); expectoration, 10.7% (95% CI: 9.7-11.6%); @entity1353 after one flight of stairs, 10.4% (95% CI: 9.5-11.4%); and wheezing, 40.2% (95% CI: 38.7-41.7%). The prevalence of chronic @entity3617 (CB) was 4.8% (95% CI: 4.1-5.4%) and was more frequent among @entity1 than among @entity1 (8.3% and 1.4%, respectively; p < 0.001). @entity565 had been diagnosed previously in 4.9% (95% CI: 4.2-5.5%), more often in @entity1 than in @entity1 (5.8% and 3.8%, respectively; p < 0.003). @entity1030 was found in 10.6% (95% CI: 9.6-11.5%), 15.8% in @entity1 and 5.5% in @entity1 (p < 0.001). All respiratory symptoms except @entity565 were more frequent among smokers than among ex-smokers, and in turn were more common among ex-smokers than non-smokers. The frequency of symptoms increased in accordance with accumulated smoking. The prevalence of CB and @entity1030 was vastly different from one region to another. Multivariate analysis showed that factors associated independently with the appearance of CB were smoking, age over 60 years, male sex and having worked in industry. In conclusion, respiratory symptoms, including CB and @entity1030 , are common in the Spanish population. Smoking and amount of smoking are directly related to the frequency of such symptoms. Substantial differences were found in the prevalence of CB and @entity1030 among the regions where the study was performed.

title: [Epidemiological study of XXXX in Spain (IBERPOC): prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['CAFL', 'chronic airflow limitation']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To assessed the significance of @entity764 on the 30-day mortality and outcome of @entity131 ( @entity131 ). METHODS: @entity131 @entity1 admitted to our department were retrospectively evaluated. We developed two prognostic models based on admission predictors with logistic regression analysis to assess the significance of @entity764 in determining the 30-day mortality and outcome. The internal validity of the models was evaluated with the bootstrap re-sampling technique. We also validated the models in an external series of 165 @entity1 that collected from our center. Discriminative ability was evaluated with C statistic. Calibrative ability was assessed with the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (H-L test). RESULTS: Among 505 @entity131 @entity1 admitted, 102 (20.2%) had @entity764 . @entity1 with a PCS >=  6 had a 3.142 and 8.065 times higher odds of mortality and poor outcome compared with @entity1 with a PCS <6, respectively. Any one-score increase of the TTS had a 1.193 times higher odds of a poor outcome (p = 0.017). The predictive model for mortality and 30-day functional outcome both had good accuracy (AUC: 0.875; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.841-0.910 and AUC: 0.888; 95%CI, 0.860-0.916, respectively). Internal validation showed no over optimism in any of the two models' predictive C statistics (C statistic 0.872 for 30-day mortality and C statistic 0.884 for the 30-day neurological outcome). The external validation confirmed the discriminatory ability of these models (C statistic 0.949 (95%CI: 0.919-0.980) for 30-day mortality and C statistic 0.915 (95%CI: 0.868-0.963) for the 30-day neurological outcome). The calibration was also good for @entity1 from the validation population (H-L test p>0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity764 diagnosed by CT has a negative impact on the 30-day mortality and functional outcome of @entity131 @entity1 . The extent of PC and the TTS are the predictors for @entity131 outcome.

title: Impact of XXXX on @entity131 outcome.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic injuries', 'thoracic injury', 'Thoracic injury']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['thoracic injury']


abstract: An ASD Field Spec Pro Full Range spectrometer was used to acquire the spectral reflectance of healthy and diseased leaves infected by @entity579 Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie, which were cut from @entity579 individuals in the paddy field. Firstly, foliar pigment content was investigated. As compared with healthy leaves, the total @entity38 and @entity20072 contents (mg x g(-1)) of diseased leaves decreased 18% and 22%, respectively. The diseased foliar content ratio of total @entity38 to @entity20072 was nearly 82% of the healthy ones. Secondly, the response characteristics of hyperspectral reflectance of diseased leaves were analyzed. The spectral reflectance in the blue (450-520 nm), green (520-590 nm) and red (630-690 nm) regions were 2.5, 2 and 3.3 times the healthy ones respectively due to the decrease in foliar pigment content, whereas in the near infrared (NIR, 770-890 nm) region was 71.7 of the healthy ones because of leaf twist, and 73.7% for shortwave infrared (SWIR, 1 500-2 400 nm) region, owing to water loss. Moreover, the hyperspectral feature parameters derived from the raw spectra and the first derivative spectra were analyzed. The red edge position (REP) and blue edge position (BEP) shifted about 8 and 10 nm toward the short wavelengths respectively. The green peak position (GPP) and red trough position (RTP) shifted about 8.5 and 6 nm respectively toward the longer wavelengths. Finally, the area of the red edge peak (the sum of derivative spectra from 680 to 740 nm) and red edge position (REP) as the input vectors entered into C- @entity6480 , which was an soft nonlinear margin classification method of support vector machine, to recognize the healthy and diseased leaves. The kernel function was radial basis function (RBF) and the value of punishment coefficient (C) was obtained from the classification model of training data sets (n = 138). The performance of C- @entity6480 was examined with the testing sample (n = 126), and healthy and diseased leaves could be successfully differentiated without errors. This research demonstrated that the response feature of spectral reflectance was obvious to disease stress in @entity579 leaves, and it was feasible to discriminate diseased leaves from healthy ones based on C- @entity6480 model and hyperspectral reflectance.

title: [Discrimination and spectral response characteristic of stress leaves infected by XXXX Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie].

entities_list: @entity38 :: ('MESH:D002734', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophyll']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: AIM: To determine the effect of neonatal @entity4600 ( @entity4601 ) supplementation in preterm @entity1 on later respiratory-related hospitalisations. METHODS: We enrolled 657 @entity1 in a multicentre, randomised, controlled trial designed to study the long-term efficacy of higher dose dietary @entity4601 in @entity1 born <33 weeks' gestation. Treatment was with high @entity4601 (   1%) compared with standard @entity4601 (   0.3%) in breast milk or formula, given from the first week of life to term equivalent. Parent-reported hospital admissions to 18 months corrected age were recorded. The proportion of @entity1 hospitalised for lower respiratory tract (LRT) conditions and the mean number of hospitalisations per @entity1 were determined. RESULTS: Twenty-three per cent (154/657) of @entity1 were hospitalised for LRT conditions. Seventy-three per cent (173/238) of admissions were for @entity5924 . There was no significant effect of higher @entity4601 on the proportion of @entity1 admitted for LRT conditions (high @entity4601 22% vs. standard @entity4601 25%, adjusted relative risk 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68-1.24, P = 0.57) or in the mean number of admissions per @entity1 (high @entity4601 0.34, standard @entity4601 0.38, adjusted ratio of means 0.91, 95% CI 0.63-1.32, P = 0.62). The sexes responded differently to treatment (interaction P = 0.046), with reduced admissions in @entity1 given high @entity4601 , but this was not statistically significant (high @entity4601 19%, standard @entity4601 28%, adjusted relative risk 0.69, 95% CI 0.46-1.04, P = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalisation for LRT problems in the first 18 months for preterm @entity1 was not reduced by neonatal supplementation with 1% @entity4601 .

title: Respiratory hospitalisation of @entity1 supplemented with XXXX as preterm neonates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'boys', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

answer: @entity4600 :: (CHEBI:28125,Chemical) :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mouthrinses containing 0.05% @entity1216 + 0.05% @entity1388 solution on early dental plaque regrowth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty periodontally healthy subjects were included in the study. A crossover 4-day plaque regrowth protocol was adopted. The test product was initially used in 15 @entity1 , while a placebo was administered to the other 15 @entity1 . Then, after a washout period, each @entity1 used the other product. No other oral hygiene manoeuvre was allowed. @entity2133 and @entity548 scores (FMPS and FMBS) were evaluated at baseline and after 4 days. RESULTS: All subjects completed the study. The mean age was 27    8.4 years. Five @entity1 were smokers with a mean daily consumption of 1    2.5 cigarettes. FMPS at baseline was 8.0    4.4 for control group and 7.9    3.8 for test group, without significant difference. After the 4-day plaque regrowth the mean FMPS significantly increased to 31.9    16.5 and 36.3    16.1 for control and test group, respectively (no significant difference between the two groups). CONCLUSIONS: The test product was safe and well tolerated by subjects. The similar outcomes of the two experimental groups suggest that the two products have an equivalent effect on early dental plaque regrowth. Studies with longer follow-up are needed to clarify whether there is a beneficial long-term effect of daily rinses with the tested solution.

title: Evaluation of XXXX 0.05% with the adjunct of @entity1388 0.05% in the inhibition of plaque formation: a double blind, crossover, plaque regrowth study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['Full-mouth plaque']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity1216 :: (MESH:D002710,Chemical) :: ['chlorhexidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Ganz (Bernese) periacetabular osteotomy was first described for the treatment of adult @entity1 with @entity572 ; however, it has also been used for adolescent @entity1 . Its effectiveness in improving @entity1 in the short term has not been fully established and no studies, to our knowledge, have analyzed gait and functional outcome in @entity1 with @entity572 . METHODS: An Institutional Review Board-approved prospective study of a consecutive series of @entity1 undergoing a Ganz (Bernese) periacetabular osteotomy for @entity572 was carried out. Standard radiographic parameters were analyzed. Harris hip scores, gait analysis, hip abductor, and flexion strength testing preoperatively and at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively were performed. Statistical analysis compared the 6-month and 1-year data to the preoperative values and a second analysis was performed comparing the @entity1 with @entity572 to normative data of similarly aged @entity1 . RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 (24 hips) underwent a Ganz periacetabular osteotomy at an average age of 16.1 years for a primary diagnosis of @entity572 and @entity158 . There was a significant improvement in all radiographic parameters from preoperation to 1 year in lateral center edge angle (5.5 to 33.0 degrees) (P<0.05), acetabular index of the weight-bearing zone (29.0 to 10.5 degrees) (P<0.05), ventral center edge angle (-1.1 to 32.5 degrees) (P<0.05), and medialization of the joint center relative to the contralateral side (1.12 to 1.05) (P<0.05). Isokinetic abductor strength decreased initially from 62 Nm/kg preoperatively to 58 Nm/kg at 6 months but was improved to 64 Nm/kg at 1 year. Flexion strength decreased from 92 Nm/kg preoperatively to 58 Nm/kg at 6 months but improved to 69 Nm/kg at 1 year. Abductor impulse decreased from 0.26 Nm/kg-s preoperatively to 0.23 Nm/kg-s at 6 months but improved to 0.29 Nm/kg-s at 1 year. Flexion pull-off power decreased from 1.35 Watts/kg to 1.27 Watts/kg and then improved to 1.29 Watts/kg. The Harris hip scores improved from 64.6 at the preoperative evaluation to 74.5 at the 1-year evaluation (Max 89). CONCLUSIONS: The Bernese periacetabular osteotomy is effective in significantly improving radiographic parameters for @entity572 with improvement in functional outcome. Because the osteotomy allows for medialization of the hip joint center and limited abductor muscle dissection the abductor strength improved at follow-up, however, the hip flexion pull-off was decreased. Strategies to improve hip flexion power preoperatively and postoperatively in the future are necessary. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.

title: Gait, hip strength and functional outcomes after a Ganz periacetabular osteotomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['adolescent hip dysplasia', 'hip dysplasia']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['adolescent hip dysplasia']


abstract: Surgery is the main treatment modality for @entity2347 ( @entity2347 ) originated from the head and neck. However, the extensive local infiltrative and perineural spread related to this malignancy often cause difficulty to achieve high @entity5 control. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy (RT) in @entity2347 , and to identify prognostic variables associated with treatment outcomes. A retrospective review of 101 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2347 in the head and neck region was performed. T stage distribution was T1, 25; T2, 35; T3, 18; and T4, 23 @entity1 . All @entity1 were grouped into two arms: surgery alone or combined with postoperative radiotherapy. The 5-year local-regional control (LRC), overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates for all the @entity1 were 70.5%, 91.7% and 63.2%, respectively. On univariant analysis, postoperative radiotherapy did improve the 5-year LRC and DFS compared to surgery alone (81.0% vs. 53.4%, p=0.0003 and 71.3% vs. 50.0%, p=0.0052, respectively). And @entity1 with T1-T2 lesions achieved better treatment outcomes, whereas stage T3-T4 was associated with high local failure and poor disease-free survival. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that the addition of radiotherapy and early lesions were both favorite predictors for local control and survival rates. The prognosis for @entity2347 of the head and neck was excellent. Surgery combined with postoperative radiotherapy significantly reduced the local failure, and further improved disease-free survival. Nevertheless, the relatively high distant metastasis was an obstacle of curing the @entity2347 @entity1 .

title: Treatment outcomes and prognostic features in XXXX originated from the head and neck.

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['ACC', 'adenoid cystic carcinoma']

answer: @entity2347 :: (MESH:D003528,Disease) :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rearranged during transfection ( @entity8958 ) proto-oncogene encodes a receptor @entity4149 kinase for @entity6352 ( @entity6352 ) signaling, and high @entity8958 expression is closely related to the tumorigenesis and @entity5 (NB). METHODS: We have investigated whether @entity8958 signals through hedgehog (HH) pathway in NB cell proliferation and @entity5 growth by in vitro cell culture and in vivo xenograft approaches. RESULTS: The key members of both @entity6352 / @entity8958 and HH/GLI pathways are expressed in NB cell lines to different extents. Knockdown of @entity8958 in NB cells significantly attenuates the activity of HH signaling, whereas overexpression of @entity8958 robustly enhances the output of transcriptional activation by HH. Likewise, activation of @entity8958 by @entity6352 induces HH signaling, whereas knockdown of @entity8958 attenuates both basal and @entity6352 -induced activities of HH signaling. Moreover, protein kinase B lies on the downstream of @entity6352 / @entity8958 signaling module to inhibit the @entity9459 , resulting in activation of HH signaling. Furthermore, either knockdown of @entity8958 by shRNA or inhibition of HH pathway by @entity5050 attenuates not only basal but also @entity6352 -induced proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells, and knockdown of either @entity8958 or smoothened in SH-SY5Y cell xenografts significantly attenuated the @entity5 growth. Finally, inhibition of HH signaling by @entity8889 and @entity1357 inhibitor, @entity35165 , reduces not only basal but also @entity8958 -induced proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells and outgrowth of xenografts. CONCLUSION: @entity6352 / @entity8958 / @entity584 / @entity9459 signaling module activates HH pathway to stimulate NB cells proliferation and @entity5 outgrowth. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: Targeting HH pathway is a rational approach for therapeutic intervention of NB with high @entity8958 expression.

title: Smoothened-independent activation of hedgehog signaling by rearranged during transfection promotes neuroblastoma cell proliferation and XXXX growth.

entities_list: @entity6352 :: ('2668', 'Gene') :: ['GDNF', 'glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy of neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5050 :: ('MESH:C000541', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclopamine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: A variety of skin reactions have been associated with the use of @entity13135 . Most of the reactions are uneventful and abate with drug discontinuation. Rare but severe skin reactions can occur and include the @entity6715 and @entity5658 . Dermal reactions appear to be the most commonly reported adverse effect in @entity1 . Drug continuance following the development of a mild @entity1910 may be associated with the development of a more severe dermal reaction. This report summarizes a case involving a six-year-old white @entity1 who developed @entity5658 confined to the feet following a course of oral @entity206 / @entity207 ( @entity1597 / @entity1598 ) for @entity2346 media. Exfoliation is an uncommon cutaneous manifestation following @entity11682 use. Although usually a generalized process, it is unusual to find it confined to the feet. Unfortunately there is no useful diagnostic method that could specifically elucidate the cause of a @entity203 . Available evidence suggest that @entity1597 /SMX was the probable cause of our @entity1 's @entity1910 . Adjunctive antihistamines and @entity288 are often useful when @entity111 is present. Severe reactions require vigorous supportive treatment.

title: A suspected case of @entity206 / XXXX -induced localized exfoliation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['Stevens-Johnson syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['rash', 'skin rash']

entities_list: @entity11682 :: ('CHEBI:35358', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamide']

entities_list: @entity13135 :: ('MESH:D013449', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamides']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['dermatologic eruption']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity5658 :: ('MESH:D003873', 'Disease') :: ['exfoliative dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity11682 :: (CHEBI:35358,Chemical) :: ['sulfonamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a blood supply pattern in @entity5 . Mimic vessel walls are formed by @entity5 cells, not by endothelial cells. Previous studies of VM are limited on @entity5 with high aggression and bi-directional differentiation potentials, but seldom on epithelium-originated @entity5 . This study was to observe @entity157 ( @entity157 ) by 3-dimensional culture of @entity157 cell line HepG2 and immunohistochemistry. METHODS: Three-dimensional culture system of HepG2 cells was constructed to observe VM. The presence of VM in 15 specimens of @entity157 was observed by immunohistochemical and histological double staining of @entity2279 and PAS, or Ferritin and PAS. RESULTS: During 3-dimensional culture, HepG2 cells stretched out thin and long apophyses at the second day, and linked each other to form wreath and net-work structure at the seventh day. All of the 15 @entity157 simples showed @entity2279 -positive for endothelial cells, and Ferritin-positive for @entity5 cells. The immunohistochemical and histological double staining also proved that VM, formed by @entity2279 -negative and Ferritin-positive @entity5 cells, existed in 7 of the 15 simples of @entity157 . @entity5 cells were separated from the tubes by PAS-positive matter like basement membrane. Red blood cells could be seen in the tubes. The number of VM was less in well differentiated simples than in poorly differentiated samples; @entity2279 -positive @entity5 cells were observed in poorly differentiated samples. CONCLUSIONS: HepG2 cells have the capacity of self-metamorphosing and vasculorizing. @entity5 cells can obtain @entity26 and nutrition through VM.

title: [Three-dimensional cell culture and histology of vasculogenic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'VM in hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['mimicry in hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: The nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist @entity1169 is an effective therapy for infantile @entity2695 . Systemic @entity1169 therapy shows a rapid therapeutic effect with good drug tolerability. We report on the efficacy of local application of @entity1169 ointment in superficial @entity2695 of the skin. In our outpatient department, 45 @entity1 with 65 @entity2695 were treated with 1% @entity1169 in a hydrophilic ointment topically applied twice a day. Before start of treatment and at each visit, clinical photographs were taken. If ultrasound did not confirm occult deeper components, @entity1 were included in the study. Treatment in the proliferative phase within the first 6 months of life (including seven preterm @entity1 ) induced regression in 59% and cessation of growth in 26% of the @entity2695 . No response or proliferation of subcutaneous components was observed in 15%. Clinically, no side effects caused by the beta-receptor blocker were noticed. Treatment of two @entity1066 of the perineal region twice using a flash lamp pulsed-dye laser and @entity1169 ointment in the surrounding lesion led to healing of the @entity1066 in 3 and 6 weeks, respectively. In six @entity1 , topical therapy was started between the ages of 7 and 33 months. Even in these @entity2695 , improvement was obvious after 2 or 3 months. @entity1169 administered topically in 1% ointment could have a beneficial effect on superficial @entity2695 of the skin. The treatment was well tolerated without side effects even in preterm @entity1 and in @entity1 with numerous or large lesions.

title: Topical @entity1169 therapy for infantile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerated hemangiomas', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['hemangiomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To highlight a case series of @entity1 manifesting @entity9467 and misdirection of tears laterally or along the @entity272 . This association has been termed @entity3066 . We describe the clinical features and outcomes of management of these @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective review of @entity1 referred to 2 oculoplastic centers during a 6-year period for @entity9467 , who were considered to have misdirection of tears related in some way to @entity3066 . RESULTS: Nine @entity1 (7 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ; mean [SD] age, 61.2 [11.3] years, range, 41-76 years) with @entity9467 and @entity5251 (100%), occasionally combined with upper-eyelid wetting (n = 2). All @entity1 had @entity3066 . Five @entity1 had @entity272 and in contact with the lateral canthus (type 1), and in 4 the lateral canthus was only partially obscured by upper-eyelid skin (type 2). Five @entity1 (56%) had linear excoriation of skin in the lateral canthus. All @entity1 underwent @entity3066 , 3 combined with ptosis repair and 3 combined with eyebrow-lift. All @entity1 achieved 80% to 100% improvement in @entity9467 following surgical intervention to the upper eyelid. The mean (range) follow-up was 2.8 (1-6) years. CONCLUSIONS: We defined @entity3066 as the misdirection of tears laterally or along the @entity272 causing @entity9467 , related in some way to @entity3066 . In all cases, @entity9467 improved with treatment of @entity3066 . Although recognized among physicians, this has never been formally described in the ophthalmic literature, to our knowledge.

title: XXXX : association of @entity3066 and tearing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity9467 :: ('MESH:D007766', 'Disease') :: ['epiphora', 'bilateral epiphora']

entities_list: @entity3066 :: ('MESH:D005141', 'Disease') :: ['upper-eyelid dermatochalasis', 'upper-eyelid blepharoplasty', 'upper-eyelid wick syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5251 :: ('MESH:D010509', 'Disease') :: ['lateral spillover']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['upper-eyelid skin obscuring', 'upper-eyelid skin crease']

answer: @entity3066 :: (MESH:D005141,Disease) :: ['Upper-eyelid wick syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immunosuppressant therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is an important requirement in the management of post-transplant @entity1 . Our aim was to develop and evaluate a robust high-throughput method using turbulent flow chromatography (TFC) coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous quantification of @entity205 (CsA), @entity1140 ( @entity1140 ) and @entity3446 . METHODS: A total of 1483 @entity1098 -blood pre-dosage samples from 147 kidney, 67 liver, 15 kidney/pancreas, and 48 bone marrow recipients were collected. After @entity2142 and protein precipitation of 50 microl blood, fast and efficient on-line matrix elimination was achieved using turbulent flow chromatography. Tandem mass spectrometric detection and quantification was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). RESULTS: The total analysis time of the column switching method was 3 min. The method was linear from 4.5 to 1500 ng/ml for @entity205 , from 0.2 to 100 ng/ml for @entity1140 , and from 0.4 to 100 ng/ml for @entity3446 . The accuracy was >95%. Within and between-run assay variation coefficients ranged from 2.4% to 9.3%. Excellent correlation with other standard methods (immunoassay, HPLC) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The presented turbulent flow chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric platform offers a very fast, simple and economical method with an excellent validation profile and is well suited for daily pre- and post-dosage immunosuppressant monitoring.

title: Rapid simultaneous quantification of immunosuppressants in transplant XXXX by turbulent flow chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Previously a spontaneous 36 @entity377 deletion in the coding region of @entity8768 was detected in the NS gene of a reassortant virus (CR43-3) recovered from a dual infection by the influenza A/Ann Arbor/6/60 cold-adapted (ca) mutant and wild-type (wt) influenza A/Alaska/6/77 (H3N2). The hemagglutinin, @entity689 and NS genes were derived from the wild type virus parent while the other 5 genes were derived from the ca parent. The CR43-3 reassortant virus exhibited: (i) a host range (hr) phenotype, i.e. the reassortant replicated efficiently in avian cells in tissue culture but failed to grow in @entity1 (MDCK) cell culture and (ii) an attenuation (att) phenotype, i.e., the reassortant was restricted in replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract of ferrets and hamsters. Since the CR43-3 reassortant possessed 5 genes from the ca parent which are each known to contain one or more mutations, it was not possible to assign the hr and att phenotypes solely to the NS deletion mutant gene. In order to determine the phenotype(s) specified solely by the mutant NS gene, it was transferred into a reassortant virus (143-1) which derived its seven other genes from the homologous wild type A/Alaska/6/77 virus. The deletion mutant NS gene specified only a partial hr phenotype manifested by a reduction in plaque size in MDCK tissue, but not a @entity353 . Thus, the complete hr manifested by the CR43-3 parent virus is specified by the mutant @entity8768 gene acting in concert with one or more genes derived from the ca virus. The clone 143-1 virus exhibited the ts phenotype and was restricted in plaque formation at 37 degrees C in MDCK cells, a level of temperature sensitivity previously shown with other ts mutants to correlate with significant restriction of viral replication in the lower respiratory tract of hamsters. However, the clone 143-1 virus grew almost as well as the wt virus in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of hamsters and @entity831 and thus did not possess the att phenotype. The finding that the ts phenotype was not manifest in vivo in animals with a 37 degrees C core temperature indicates that the mutated @entity8768 gene specifies a host dependent ts phenotype with replication restricted in vitro (MDCK tissue culture) at 37 degrees C but not in vivo in the lungs of hamsters and @entity831 . ts+ virus was readily recovered from infected hamsters and @entity831 indicating that the ts phenotype specified by the 36-base deletion was not stable following replication in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: A 36 XXXX deletion mutation in the coding region of the @entity8768 gene of an influenza A virus RNA segment 8 specifies a temperature-dependent host range phenotype.

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in plaque number']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity831 :: ('9598', 'Species') :: ['chimpanzees']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognosis of even early-stage @entity418 is poor. Because there is not a consensus on how to manage T2 N0 disease, we examined survival after resection of T2 N0 @entity418 , with or without radiation therapy. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent resection for T2 @entity957 or @entity420 of the mid or distal esophagus, with or without radiation therapy, were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results cancer registry from 1998 to 2008. The 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) after resection alone and combined resection with radiation therapy were compared using the Kaplan-Meier approach, risk-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models, and competing risk models. RESULTS: The 5-year @entity1349 of 490 T2 N0 @entity1 was 40.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 35.2% to 45.4%). Surgical resection alone was used in 267 @entity1 (54%) and combined therapy in 223 (46%). The 5-year @entity1349 was 38.6% (95% CI, 31.7% to 45.5%) in @entity1 undergoing resection only and 42.3% (95% CI, 34.7% to 49.6%) for combined therapy (p = 0.48). No difference in @entity1349 was found, even after risk adjustment (hazard ratio [HR], 1.14; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.48; p = 0.35). However, in landmark studies with left truncation for 3 and 6 months, resection only showed better @entity1349 than combined therapy (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.75; p = 0.04 vs HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.83; p = 0.04, respectively). No such difference for CSS was detected, even for the landmark study after 6 months (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.39, p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: Combining radiation therapy with esophagectomy did not result in improved outcomes compared with esophagectomy alone for @entity1 with T2 N0 @entity418 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database.

title: The role of radiation therapy in resected T2 N0 XXXX : a population-based analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['N0 squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prognostic importance of @entity810 on early mortality, @entity64 , and @entity1764 in @entity1 undergoing a first isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. DESIGN: 7594 @entity1 undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with information on pre- and postoperative serum-creatinine values were included. @entity1 were classified using the Acute @entity8 Network classification. Odds ratios (OR) for mortality and @entity260 within 60 days of surgery were calculated after adjustment for confounders separately for stage 1 and for stages 2 and 3 together. RESULTS: 1047 (14%) @entity1 developed @entity810 . There were 132 (1.7%) deaths, 103 (1.4%) @entity64 and 118 (1.6%) cases of @entity1764 during follow-up. Among @entity1 in stage 1 the adjusted odds ratio for @entity204 was 4.36 (95% confidence interval 2.83-6.71) and for stage 2 plus 3; 21.5 (12.0-38.6) compared to @entity1 without @entity810 . Corresponding OR for @entity64 were 2.34 (1.43-3.82) and 6.52 (2.97-14.3) and for @entity1764 2.88 (1.84-4.50) and 4.68 (2.07-10.6), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity810 following coronary artery bypass grafting is related to postoperative mortality, @entity64 , and @entity1764 . @entity1 undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting should be assessed for presence of @entity810 postoperatively, in order to predict early prognosis.

title: @entity810 following coronary artery bypass grafting: early mortality and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney Injury']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke', 'postoperative stroke']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute kidney injury', 'acute kidney injury']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative complications']


abstract: The natural history of @entity7157 of @entity694 or appendiceal origin was reviewed. This @entity5 represents a minimally invasive mucus producing @entity5 similar to what is commonly recognized within the bowel lumen as @entity5493 . This @entity5 is usually at an advanced stage at the time of presentation, and tends to recur at the site of @entity5 resection and on peritoneal surfaces. The fact that this @entity5 does not metastasize hematogenously or lymphatically nor does it invade locally was contrasted to its marked tendency to implant on all abdominal surfaces. The large variations in the efficiency of different types of @entity5 dissemination ( @entity3 , invasion, and spread by implantation) need to be noted for this malignant process. The unique clinical features of @entity7157 were reviewed and the particular suitability of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for its treatment was discussed. Our treatment plan utilizing cytoreductive surgery and early plus delayed postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy was presented. The surprisingly good results of treatment was discussed. The effects of chemotherapy on @entity5 histology were presented in detain in six @entity1 . Changes induced by intraperitoneal chemotherapy included a reduction in the number of foci of atypical adenomatous epithelium and marked cytologic @entity194 . This plan of treatment is recommended for @entity1 to prevent or to treat the spread of mucinous @entity1820 on peritoneal surfaces and within the resection site of the @entity5 .

title: Intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis from XXXX : rationale and results of treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5493 :: ('MESH:D018253', 'Disease') :: ['villous adenoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity7157 :: ('MESH:D003536', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic or appendiceal cystadenocarcinoma']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This research studied the long term outcome of intensive care @entity933 defined as mortality and quality of life at three and six months after discharge of the intensive care unit. BACKGROUND: @entity933 in the intensive care unit is known to result in worse outcomes. @entity73 , a longer stay in the hospital or in the intensive care unit and a raised mortality have been reported. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. METHODS: A population of 105 consecutive @entity1 was included during the stay at the intensive care unit in July-August 2006. The population was assessed once a day for @entity933 using the NEECHAM Confusion Scale and the CAM-ICU. @entity1 were visited at home by a nurse researcher to assess the quality of life using the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form General Health Survey at three and six months after discharge of the intensive care unit. Delirious and non delirious @entity1 were compared for mortality and quality of life. RESULTS: Compared to the non delirious @entity1 , more delirious @entity1 died. The total study population discharged from the intensive care unit, scored lower for quality of life in all domains compared to the reference population. The domains showed lower results for the delirious @entity1 compared to the non delirious @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Mortality was higher in delirious @entity1 . All @entity1 showed lower values for the quality of life at three months. The delirious @entity1 showed lower results than the non delirious @entity1 . RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Nurses are the first caregivers to observe @entity1 . The fluctuating delirious process is often not noticed. Long term effects are not visible to the interdisciplinary team in the hospital. This paper would like to raise the awareness of professionals for long term outcomes for @entity1 having experienced @entity933 in the intensive care unit.

title: Long term outcome after XXXX in the intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium', 'Delirium']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive impairment']

answer: @entity933 :: (MESH:D003693,Disease) :: ['delirium']


abstract: PURPOSE: To conduct a systematic review of the literature in relation to 3 considerations in determining treatment options for @entity1 with acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocations: (1) operative versus nonoperative management, (2) early versus delayed surgical intervention, and (3) anatomic versus nonanatomic techniques. METHODS: The PubMed database was searched in October 2011 using the single term acromioclavicular and the following search limits: any date, @entity1 , English, and all adult (19+). Studies were included if they compared operative with nonoperative treatment, early with delayed surgical intervention, or anatomic with nonanatomic surgical techniques. Exclusion criteria consisted of the following: Level V evidence, laboratory studies, radiographic studies, biomechanical studies, @entity174 or revisions, meta-analyses, and studies reporting preliminary results. RESULTS: This query resulted in 821 citations. Of these, 617 were excluded based on the title of the study. The abstracts and articles were reviewed, which resulted in the final group of 20 studies that consisted of 14 comparing operative with nonoperative treatment, 4 comparing early with delayed surgical intervention, and 2 comparing anatomic with nonanatomic surgical techniques. The lack of higher level evidence prompted review of previously excluded studies in an effort to explore patterns of publication related to operative treatment of the AC joint. This review identified 120 studies describing 162 techniques for operative reconstruction of the AC joint. CONCLUSIONS: There is a lack of evidence to support treatment options for @entity1 with @entity2720 . Although there is a general consensus for nonoperative treatment of Rockwood type I and II lesions, initial nonsurgical treatment of @entity75 , and operative intervention for Rockwood type IV to VI lesions, further research is needed to determine if differences exist regarding early versus delayed surgical intervention and anatomic versus nonanatomic surgical techniques in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity2720 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, systematic review of Level II and Level III studies and one case series.

title: Current concepts in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['type III lesions']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['AC joint dislocations']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['acromioclavicular joint  dislocations']


abstract: @entity12228 ( @entity12228 ) activity is dependent upon association with one of two neuron-specific activators, @entity3723 or @entity18756 . Genetic deletion of @entity12228 causes perinatal lethality with severe defects in corticogenesis and neuronal positioning. @entity3723 (-/-) @entity19 are viable with milder histological abnormalities. Although substantial evidence implicates @entity12228 in synaptic plasticity, its role in learning and memory has not been evaluated using mutant @entity19 models. We report here that @entity3723 (-/-) @entity19 have @entity4207 . Close examination of hippocampal circuitry revealed subtle histological defects in CA1 pyramidal cells. Furthermore, @entity3723 (-/-) @entity19 exhibit impaired long-term @entity308 and depotentiation of long-term potentiation in the Schaeffer collateral CA1 pathway. Moreover, the @entity12228 -dependent phosphorylation state of @entity23860 was increased in 4-week-old @entity19 due to increased levels of @entity18756 , which co-localized with @entity23860 and @entity12228 in the cytoplasm. These results demonstrate that @entity3723 -dependent @entity12228 activity is important to learning and synaptic plasticity. Deletion of @entity3723 may shift the substrate specificity of @entity12228 due to compensatory expression of @entity18756 .

title: Impairment of hippocampal long-term @entity308 and XXXX in @entity3723 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity23860 :: ('58200(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['protein phosphatase inhibitor-1', 'inhibitor-1']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['deficiencies in spatial learning and memory']

answer: @entity4207 :: (MESH:D007859,Disease) :: ['defective spatial learning and memory']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multidetector spiral computed tomography (CT) has opened the possibility of quantitative evaluation of @entity2415 extent in the whole lung. Visual assessment can be used for such a purpose, but its reproducibility has not been established. PURPOSE: To assess agreement of detailed assessment of @entity2542 on @entity358 using a visual scale. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with @entity1030 underwent whole-lung inspiratory CT. Four chest radiologists rated the same 22    2 thin sections using a visual scale which defines a range of @entity2415 extent between 0 and 100. Two of them repeated the rating two months later. Inter- and intra-operator agreement was evaluated with the Bland and Altman method. In addition, the percentage of @entity2415 at -950 Hounsfield units in the whole lung was determined using fully automated commercially available software for 3D densitometry. RESULTS: In three of six operator pairs and in one of two intra-operator pairs the Kendall    test showed a significant correlation between the difference and the average magnitude of visual scores. Among different operators the half-width of 95% limits of agreement (95% LoA) was wide ranging between a score of 14.2-27.7 for an average visual score of 20 and between 18.5-36.8 for an average visual score of 80. Within the same operator the half-width of 95% LoA ranged between a score of 10.9-21.0 for an average visual score of 20 and between 25.1-30.1 for an average visual score of 80. The visual scores of the four radiologists were correlated with the results of densitometry (P < 0.001; r = 0.65-0.81). CONCLUSION: The inter- and intra-operator agreement of detailed assessment of @entity2415 in the whole lung using a visual scale is low and decreases with increasing @entity2415 extent.

title: Low agreement of visual rating for detailed quantification of XXXX in @entity358 .

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['whole-lung CT']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity2542 :: ('MESH:D011656', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emphysema']

answer: @entity2542 :: (MESH:D011656,Disease) :: ['pulmonary emphysema']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern and timing of major @entity532 (MWCs) in @entity1 at our institution who received multimodality treatment for lower @entity242 (LE-STS) and to evaluate the impact of MWCs on @entity5 control and @entity1 outcomes. METHODS: The medical records of 102 LE-STS @entity1 treated with limb-sparing surgery and radiation therapy were reviewed. MWCs were defined as secondary operations with anesthesia, @entity2080 / @entity1410 aspiration, admission for IV antibiotics, or persistent deep packing. RESULTS: MWCs occurred in 22% of @entity1 , with 45% of events occurring >120 days after resection. On multivariate analysis, preoperative external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) (OR 4.29, 95% CI 1.06-17.40, P   =   0.042) and skin graft placement (OR 6.39, 95% CI 1.37-29.84, P   =   0.018) were found to be independent predictors of MWCs. MWC occurrence did not predict for chronic @entity137 and did not impact @entity5 control or survival. CONCLUSIONS: A considerable proportion of MWCs occur >120 days from surgical resection with preoperative EBRT and skin graft placement independent predictors for MWCs. While an additional source of morbidity, MWC occurrence did not impact @entity5 control, nor did it predict for chronic @entity137 . J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:385-391.    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Patterns of major @entity532 following multidisciplinary therapy for lower XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['extremity soft tissue sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['wound complications']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['extremity soft tissue sarcoma']


abstract: MOTIVATION: Viruses employ various means to evade immune detection. One common evasion strategy is the removal of @entity405 +cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes. We here use a combination of multiple bioinformatic tools and large amount of genomic data to compute the epitope repertoire presented by over 1300 viruses in many HLA alleles. We define the 'Size of Immune Repertoire score', which represents the ratio between the epitope density within a protein and the expected density. This score is used to study viral immune evasion. RESULTS: We show that viral proteins in general have a higher epitope density than @entity1 proteins. This difference is due to a good fit of the @entity1 MHC molecules to the typical @entity535 usage of viruses. Among different viruses, viruses infecting @entity1 present less epitopes than non- @entity1 viruses. This selection is not at the @entity535 usage level, but through the removal of specific epitopes. Within a single virus, not all proteins express the same epitopes density. Proteins expressed early in the viral life cycle have a lower epitope density than late proteins. Such a difference is not observed in non- @entity1 viruses. The @entity8658 and the targeting of the cellular immune response to late viral proteins, allow the virus a time interval to propagate before its host cells are destroyed by T cells.

title: Viruses selectively mutate their XXXX + T-cell epitopes--a large-scale immunomic analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity8658 :: ('MESH:C580055', 'Disease') :: ['removal of early epitopes']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-acid']

answer: @entity405 :: (925,Gene) :: ['CD8']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Many clinical management guidelines for @entity102 have been published, but they have not been put into practice by busy clinicians at primary care levels. This study evaluates the implementation of national guidelines incorporated within a structured @entity6 and @entity101 clinical record (SR) in Cape Town in a randomised controlled trial (RCT). METHODS: Eighteen public sector @entity497 ( @entity497 ) were randomly selected and allocated as intervention or control @entity497 . At each clinic, 25 @entity1 with @entity6 and 35 @entity1 with @entity101 were enrolled at baseline. Questionnaires were completed, blood samples were collected, blood pressure (BP) and anthropometric measures were taken and @entity1 records were audited. SR with clinical guideline prompts were introduced at the intervention clinics after training doctors in their use and suggestions to incorporate them in regular @entity1 records. Contact was maintained during the year of intervention with the clinic staff. A follow-up survey was conducted 1 year later to assess BP and HbA1c, and the @entity1 records were examined to ascertain the extent of use of the SR in the intervention clinics. In-depth interviews were conducted with doctors and nurses to record their response to the intervention. RESULTS: The intervention evaluated in this RCT had no impact on either @entity6 or @entity101 control. In the intervention clinics, less than 60% of the @entity1 folders contained the SR and when present was seldom used. Although the staff were well disposed to the research team, their workload prohibited them from undertaking a true evaluation of the SR, and overall they did not perceive the SR as supporting their current process of @entity1 care. CONCLUSIONS: No benefit to @entity6 of @entity101 care by introducing and availability of the staff in the use of the SR was shown in this RCT. The process measures suggest that the SR was not widely used by the healthcare provided in the primary care clinics.

title: Implementation of national guidelines, incorporated within structured XXXX and @entity101 records at primary level care in Cape Town, South Africa: a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community health centres', 'CHC']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The technique for robotic resection of the left colon and anterior resection of the rectum with total mesorectal excision is not well defined. In this study we describe a method that standardizes robot and trocar position, and allows for a complete mobilization of the left colon and the rectum, without repositioning of the surgical cart. Outcome and pathology findings are also reported. METHODS: From January 2007 to May 2008 a total of 55 consecutive @entity1 affected by rectal and left @entity694 were operated on, with full robotic technique, using the Da Vinci robot. Data regarding outcome and pathology reports were prospectively collected in a dedicated database. RESULTS: The following procedures were performed 27 left colectomies, 17 anterior resections, 4 intersphincteric resections, 7 abdominoperineal resections. There were 21 female and 34 male @entity1 with a mean age of 63 +/- 9.9 years. Mean operative time was 290 +/- 69 minutes, ranging from 164 to 487 min., none were converted to open surgery. The median number of lymph nodes harvested was 18.5 +/- 8.3 (range 5-45), and circumferential margin was negative in all cases. Distal margin was 25.15 +/- 12.9 mm (range 6-55) for @entity1 with @entity5 , and 31.6 +/- 20 mm for all the @entity1 in this series. @entity834 rate was 12.7% (7/55); in all cases conservative treatment was successful. CONCLUSIONS: Full robotic colorectal surgery is a safe and effective technique that exploits the advantages of the Da Vinci robot during the whole intervention, without the need to make use of hybrid operations. Outcome and pathology findings are comparable with those observed in open and laparoscopy procedures.

title: Full robotic left colon and XXXX resection: technique and early outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: @entity10501 -like immunoreactivity (SP-LI) as measured by RIA was found to be present in a variety of submammalian species and invertebrates. We analyzed this SP-LI in extracts from submammalian species by high performance liquid chromatography. The following species were investigated for the presence of SP-LI (RIA) which was further characterized by subsequent HPLC (investigated areas in parentheses): @entity14994 (brain plus spinal cord), (brain, intestine, skin), frog (brain, intestine), turtle (brain, intestine), lizard (brain, intestine, skin) and @entity19 (spinal cord). RIA alone was performed in extracts from branchiostoma and cricket. The concentrations of SP-LI in brain, spinal cord and intestine of different submammalian species except branchiostoma brain and intestine and turtle brain, were in a similar range (2.1-5.3 fmol/mg in the brain, 0.2-2.0 fmol/mg in the spinal cord, 0.3-4.2 fmol/mg in the intestine). In the turtle brain, extremely high SP-LI concentrations (210 fmol/mg) were found, whereas brain and intestine of branchiostoma contained very little SP-LI (0.1 fmol/mg). In the skin of different species, SP-LI concentrations varied from 0.04 fmol/mg (trout) to 2.0 fmol/mg (lizard). In the cricket, high SP-LI concentrations were found in the cerebral ganglion (15 fmol/mg protein) and in the subesophageal ganglion (27 fmol/mg protein). HPLC analysis of extracts showed that all tissues investigated contained a substance which co-eluted with synthetic SP, and in most tissues a peak was present which co-eluted with SP @entity6814 . Only in @entity19 spinal cord, trout brain and @entity14994 brain were these the only peaks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Characterization of XXXX -like immunoreactivity in submammalian species by high performance liquid chromatography.

entities_list: @entity6814 :: ('MESH:C005746', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfoxide']

answer: @entity10501 :: (21333(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['substance P']


abstract: PURPOSE: Survival after brain or @entity4097 is poor and varies by diagnostic group, age, grade, treatment and pretreatment factors, and location and size of @entity5 . We carried out a study to investigate survival and factors affecting survival of all diagnostic types of second primary brain or @entity4097 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The British @entity5 Survivor Study (BCCSS) is a long-term population-based follow-up study of 17,980 5-year survivors of childhood @entity5 . We used relative survival and multivariate Cox regression analysis to determine 5-year relative survival and factors affecting survival in second @entity1653 and @entity11 that developed in survivors included in the BCCSS. RESULTS: There were 247 second primary brain or @entity4097 , including 137 @entity1653 and 73 @entity11 in a young adult population. Five-year relative survival after @entity1653 was similar for males (84.0%; 95% CI, 72.6% to 91.1%) and females (81.7%; 95% CI, 69.9% to 89.3%). For @entity11 , 5-year relative survival was 19.5% (95% CI, 8.6% to 33.7%) for males and females. Multivariate analysis showed significant heterogeneity by decade of treatment (P = .04), grade (P = .03), and genetic risk (P = .03) for rate of mortality after a @entity1653 . For @entity11 , survival was significantly affected by grade (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate survival is poor after second primary @entity11 in this young adult population, although survival after second primary @entity1653 is good. Our study has clinical implications for the surveillance of childhood @entity5 survivors at risk of developing second @entity1313 , in particular survivors of childhood @entity981 or @entity1313 .

title: Survival after second primary @entity1313 or spinal cord in survivors of childhood @entity5 : results from the British XXXX Survivor Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['childhood brain tumors', 'primary brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Childhood Cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas', 'primary meningiomas', 'meningioma']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord neoplasms']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Childhood Cancer']


abstract: @entity3686 inevitably leads to @entity454 and there are no therapies known to improve outcome. Here we determined whether @entity1289 inhibitors can delay time to dialysis and improve life expectancy in three generations of Alport families. @entity1 were categorized by renal function at the initiation of therapy and included 33 with @entity811 or microalbuminuria, 115 with @entity644 , 26 with @entity8 , and 109 untreated relatives. @entity1 were followed for a period whose mean duration exceeded two decades. Untreated relatives started dialysis at a median age of 22 years. Treatment of those with @entity8 significantly delayed dialysis to a median age of 25, while treatment of those with @entity644 delayed dialysis to a median age of 40. Significantly, no @entity1 with @entity811 or microalbuminuria advanced to @entity177 so far. Sibling pairs confirmed these results, showing that earlier therapy in younger @entity1 significantly delayed dialysis by 13 years compared to later or no therapy in older siblings. Therapy significantly improved life expectancy beyond the median age of 55 years of the no-treatment cohort. Thus, @entity3686 is treatable with @entity1289 inhibition to delay @entity177 and therapy improves life expectancy in a time-dependent manner. This supports the need for early diagnosis and early nephroprotective therapy in oligosymptomatic @entity1 .

title: Early XXXX inhibition in @entity3686 delays @entity177 and improves life expectancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity3686 :: ('MESH:D009394', 'Disease') :: ['Alport syndrome']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']


abstract: The fibre composition of the hypoglossal nerve of the @entity35 has been investigated by means of (a) retrograde @entity528 following application of fluorescent dyes to the @entity2103 ; and (b) anterograde fibre degeneration in @entity575 -impregnated sections of the tongue following interruption of one or more of these nerves. A search for neuromuscular spindles was carried out in coronal paraffin sections of eight control tongues. The ansa cervicalis was found to make three significant contributions to the distal XII trunk: one set of axons originated in the medial subnucleus of the ventral tier of the XII nucleus and contributed to the motor innervation of intrinsic lingual muscles: a second set originated in the lateral subnucleus of the ventral tier and contributed to the motor innervation of the posterior part of the geniohyoid muscle. A third set, having cell bodies in the two uppermost cervical @entity21 , provided proprioceptive afferents to the tongue and geniohyoid. A small number of somata in the caudal end of the facial nucleus contributed axons to the XII nerve prior to its emergence from the medulla oblongata. The salivatory nucleus (pons) also contributed pre-emergence fibres, which supplied autonomic @entity21 destined for the supply of small arteries in the tongue. The fibre composition of the XII trunk was completed by an afferent contribution from the jugulo-nodose ganglion complex of the vagus nerve, and by sympathetic fibres from the superior cervical ganglion. In control material, eight neuromuscular spindles were detected in five out of eight tongues. Six occupied the longitudinalis inferior, one the hyoglossus, and one the genioglossus. All eight were close to the surface of the tongue base.

title: Fibre composition of the hypoglossal nerve in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['XII nerve and/or to the ansa cervicalis, lingual nerve and facial nerve']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal labelling']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1566 commonly results in @entity425 that impacts respiratory function. This would be expected to be associated with an increased likelihood of @entity387 . OBJECTIVE: (1) Understand the incidence and prevalence of @entity387 in @entity1566 . (2) Understand the relationship between injury and @entity1 characteristics and the incidence of @entity387 in @entity1566 . (3) Distinguish between obstructive sleep @entity2417 incidence in @entity1566 . (4) Clarify the relationship between @entity387 and @entity64 , @entity583 , @entity209 , injuries, @entity12805 and @entity508 incidence in @entity1 with @entity1566 . (5) Understand treatment tolerance and outcome in @entity1 with @entity1566 and @entity387 . METHODS: Extensive database search including PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Web of Science. RESULTS: Given the current literature limitations, @entity387 as currently defined is high in @entity1 with @entity1566 , approaching 60% in motor complete @entity1 with @entity1688 . Central @entity386 is more common in @entity1 with @entity1688 than in @entity1 with @entity451 . CONCLUSION: Early formal sleep study in @entity1 with acute complete @entity1688 is recommended. In @entity1 with incomplete @entity1688 and with @entity451 , the incidence of @entity387 is significantly higher than the general population. With the lack of correlation between symptoms and SDB, formal study would be reasonable. There is insufficient evidence in the literature on the impact of treatment on morbidity, mortality and quality of life outcomes.

title: @entity387 in XXXX : A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity2417 :: ('MESH:D020182', 'Disease') :: ['apnea and central sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disordered breathing', 'sleep disordered breathing']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular weakness']

entities_list: @entity12805 :: ('MESH:D020211', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysreflexia']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord injury', 'spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity16441 ( @entity16441 ) is a rare @entity74 of peroxisome biogenesis characterized by generalized peroxisomal @entity209 , including accumulation of very long-chain @entity1718 (VLCFAs) and @entity16442 (PA), as well as decreased plasmalogen contents (PL). An effective therapy for this intractable disease has not been established, and only supportive management with @entity4600 supplementation and low PA diet has been reported so far. A @entity1 of 3 years and 8 months presented with @entity154 , transaminitis, and @entity1155 . Biochemical analysis showed elevated PA and VLCFAs, with reduced PL in the serum. Immunofluorescence study of fibroblasts from the @entity1 indicated a mosaic pattern of catalase-positive and -negative particles, and molecular analysis revealed compound heterozygous mutations of @entity34586 The failure of medical management to prevent the progression of clinical symptoms and abnormal biochemistry prompted us to consider liver transplantation (LT). With the chances of receiving a deceased donor liver being poor, we performed a living-donor LT from the @entity1 's heterozygous mother. At 6-month follow-up, the patient's serum PA levels had normalized. VLCFAs and PL levels had declined and increased, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second reported case in which @entity16441 was treated by living-donor LT by using a heterozygous donor. Only long-term follow-up will reveal if there is any clinical improvement in the present case. With the liver being a major site for peroxisomal pathways, its replacement by LT may work as a form of partial enzyme therapy for @entity1 with @entity16441 .

title: Living-Donor Liver Transplantation From a Heterozygous Parent for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['facial dysmorphism']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity16441 :: ('MESH:D052919', 'Disease') :: ['Infantile Refsum disease', 'IRD']

entities_list: @entity16442 :: ('MESH:D010831', 'Chemical') :: ['phytanic acid']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disorder']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor retardation']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity16441 :: (MESH:D052919,Disease) :: ['Infantile Refsum Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcome of @entity1 in terms of wound complications and follow-up, after @entity4037 repair. STUDY DESIGN: A case series study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Surgery, Dubai Hospital, Dubai, from January 2007 to December 2011. METHODOLOGY: All @entity1 above 13 years of age, who underwent @entity4037 repair, were included. A proceed dual mesh was used for repair of @entity547 . Multiple parameters were analyzed, including demographic features, presentations, co-morbid conditions, duration of @entity547 , and defect size. The duration of surgery, postoperative complications, and follow-up of these @entity1 in terms of suture site @entity158 and recurrence of @entity547 were also analyzed. The data was expressed as frequency, percentages and mean    standard deviation of values. RESULTS: There were 27 @entity1 with mean age of 47    10.3 years, including 20 female (74.07%) and 7 male (25.95%) @entity1 . All @entity1 presented with abdominal wall swelling. The @entity547 was partially reducible in 12 @entity1 (44.44%), and completely reducible in 15 @entity1 (55.55%). Seven @entity1 (25.95%) had @entity101 , 4 (14.81%) had @entity299 , and 4 (14.81%) had @entity28 as co-morbid conditions. All @entity1 underwent laparoscopic @entity547 repair with proceed dual mesh. The mean defect size of the @entity547 was 6 cm, and mean duration of surgery was 94 minutes. Early postoperative complications included, @entity2080 in 3 @entity1 (11.11%), and haematoma in one @entity1 (3.70%). The mean follow-up was 23 months. Four @entity1 (14.81) had @entity158 at suture site. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic repair is an appropriate approach for @entity4037 repair. It results in good repair and low wound complications in terms of haematoma and @entity2737 . There was no recurrence of @entity547 in this study.

title: Laparoscopic repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernia', 'laparoscopic ventral hernia']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['ventral hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Members of the @entity470 family of growth factor receptors are intricately linked with epithelial cell biology, development and tumourigenesis; however, the mechanisms involved in their downstream signalling are poorly understood. Indeed, it is unclear how signal specificity is achieved and the relative contribution each receptor has to specific gene expression. METHODS: Gene expression profiling of a @entity1 mammary luminal epithelial cell model of @entity1722 -overexpression was carried out using cDNA microarrays with a common RNA reference approach to examine long-term overlapping and differential responses to EGF and heregulin beta1 treatment in the context of @entity1722 overexpression. Altered gene expression was validated using quantitative real time PCR and/or immunoblotting. One gene of interest was targeted for further characterisation, where the effects of siRNA-mediated silencing on @entity442 -dependent signalling and cellular phenotype were examined and compared to the effects of loss of @entity1722 expression. RESULTS: 775 genes were differentially expressed and clustered in terms of their growth factor responsiveness. As well as identifying uncharacterized genes as novel targets of @entity1722 -dependent signalling, @entity1722 overexpression augmented the induction of multiple genes involved in proliferation (e.g. MYC, @entity12363 , @entity25885 ), autocrine growth factor signalling ( @entity7 , PDGF) and adhesion/cytoskeletal regulation ( @entity25886 , @entity3499 , @entity10274 , @entity25887 , @entity12974 , @entity9616 , @entity25888 , @entity15008 ), linking them to the hyper-poliferative and altered adhesive phenotype of the @entity1722 -overexpressing cells. We also report @entity1722 -dependent down-regulation of multiple interferon-stimulated genes that may permit @entity1722 -overexpressing cells to resist the anti-proliferative action of interferons. Finally, @entity2301 was unique in its pattern of regulation and we further investigated a possible role for @entity2301 down-regulation in @entity1722 -dependent transformation through suppressed @entity442 signalling. We show that @entity442 -dependent signalling and proliferation were enhanced in @entity1722 -overexpressing cells, whilst loss of @entity1722 expression by siRNA silencing reduced @entity442 signalling. Furthermore, @entity2301 knockdown resulted in basal @entity3963 and Akt activation in luminal epithelial cells and increased invasiveness and anchorage-independent colony formation in SKBR3 cells. CONCLUSIONS: These data show @entity2301 as a negative regulator of transformation and that its down-regulation enhances @entity442 -dependent signalling. They also show that @entity1722 can up-regulate @entity442 -dependent signalling, possibly via the regulated expression of @entity2301 .

title: Transcriptional profiling of XXXX signalling in mammary luminal epithelial cells--interplay of @entity470 and @entity442 signalling through @entity2301 regulation.

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['ErbB']


abstract: Pulsatile @entity2124 secretion patterns were studied in relation to luteinizing hormone and @entity53 release in 33 healthy (pre)pubertal @entity1 . Plasma GH was determined every 10 min, plasma LH and E2 every hour. Night-time GH release was always higher than daytime GH release. During daytime, all GH secretion parameters, except for the basal GH level, increased significantly from the prepubertal stage to stage B4 before (m-) the menarche (p = 0.05) and decreased thereafter (p = 0.05). During night-time, mean GH level and the fraction of GH in pulses also tended to increase from stage B1 to stage B4m-. The number of high pulses (greater than 8 micrograms/l) during day and night together tended to increase until stage B4m- and decreased after the menarche (p = 0.05). Height velocity did not correlate with the number of high pulses (Kendall tau = 0.14, p = 0.14). From stage B1 to B4m- high correlations were observed between E2 levels and GH secretion parameters, particularly during the day (tau = 0.59-0.71, p less than or equal to 0.01). The correlations between LH levels and GH secretion were high as well (tau = 0.50-0.81, p less than or equal to 0.01), but equal during day and night. It is concluded that during puberty 1. spontaneous GH release in @entity1 increases 2-3 fold until the menarche and decreases thereafter, primarily as the result of an increasing and decreasing GH pulse amplitude; 2. diurnally increasing @entity53 levels correlated with increasing GH secretion.

title: XXXX secretion patterns in relation to LH and @entity53 secretion throughout normal female puberty.

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['Growth hormone']


abstract: Low-grade @entity189 is a relatively recent recognized entity. The cytologic features of this type of @entity189 have been described in detail; however, the different histologic patterns of this @entity189 have not been discussed yet. We reviewed the @entity1710 and @entity1711 -stained slides and studied the different patterns of invasion and the histologic features of areas that were not obviously invasive of 40 cases of ovarian pure low-grade @entity189 . Destructive areas of invasion were present in all cases; however, in 25 of the 40 cases obvious invasive areas were mixed with foci that were difficult to recognize as invasive. The obvious areas of invasion were characterized by the presence of @entity5 cells within nonepithelial-lined spaces, which are clefts in the stroma surrounding the @entity5 cells. The different patterns of the @entity5 cells within the nonepithelial-lined spaces and the frequency that they are found were: groups or nests (nidi pattern) in 100% of the cases, micropapillae in 70%, these 2 patterns frequently were mixed, macropapillae in 25%, large solid groups in 5%, and single cells in 3%. The 2 patterns difficult to recognize as invasive because of the absence of nonepithelial-lined spaces were disorganized orphan papillae within epithelial-lined spaces present in 40% of the cases, and small irregular glands with a haphazard distribution infiltrating the tissue eliciting desmoplastic stromal reaction present in 22% of the cases. Calcifications were present in all cases, and @entity3558 in 70% of the cases. Areas of stromal invasion characterized by @entity5 cells within nonepithelial-lined spaces or clefts are seen in all @entity189 . Within these spaces, small groups of @entity5 cells are found frequently mixed with micropapillae. In 62% of the cases, in addition to obvious areas of invasion, there were 2 patterns difficult to recognize as invasive, disorganized orphan papillae, and irregular well-developed glands.

title: Patterns of low-grade XXXX with emphasis on the nonepithelial-lined spaces pattern of invasion and the disorganized orphan papillae.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['serous carcinoma', 'low-grade carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['serous carcinoma']


abstract: Immunosuppressive agents serve a major role in the management of once-fatal conditions such as the @entity39 , but they are also being used in more common, chronic @entity32 such as @entity309 . The drugs are all capable of reducing cell division but they differ in their modes of action. This is in keeping with their differing rates of action, and different indications. @entity500 is a valuable alternative to slow-acting antirheumatic drugs in older @entity1 with @entity309 . @entity786 has transformed the outlook of many forms of @entity1333 . @entity5805 is particularly useful in improving the prognosis for @entity1 with @entity2783 secondary to juvenile chronic @entity625 . We have tried to highlight the role of these drugs in a number of @entity627 . We have emphasized their clinical applications, with some laboratory evidence for their effects. The major side-effects are reviewed. Finally, we have discussed their possible mechanisms of action.

title: XXXX , @entity786 and @entity5805 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorders']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['Azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['systemic necrotizing vasculitides']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity5805 :: ('MESH:D002699', 'Chemical') :: ['Chlorambucil']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity500 :: (MESH:D001379,Chemical) :: ['Azathioprine']


abstract: Polymorphonuclear cells have a critical role in the pathogenesis of @entity291 @entity1271 . We have documented that experimentally induced @entity794 @entity1271 is associated with cyclic increase and decrease in the quantity of viable bacteria shed in the milk. Concomitant with this cycling of bacteria is an inverse cycling of the hosts cells within the milk. Such somatic cells were determined to be greater than or equal to 95% polymorphonuclear cells. The quality of these cells was evaluated by measuring their relative efficiency of bacterial killing and phagocytosis at various times during an @entity281 . Host polymorphonuclear cells had as much as 10,000-fold variation in the bactericidal failure rate for staphylococci during cell cycling. The most efficient bactericidal effect was observed at or near the peak of the somatic cell count (SCC). The ability of these cycling cells to ingest fluorescent beads was also quantitated by use of flow cytometry. The percentage of phagocytic polymorphonuclear cells that ingested fluorescent latex beads ranged from 15 to 80% of the total cell population during cell cycling, and tended to be optimal at or near peak SCC. In addition, the average number of beads ingested varied between 1 and 2 particles/polymorphonuclear cell, with as many as 17% of the phagocytic cells ingesting 4 or more beads at maximal efficiency. Polymorphonuclear cells from quarters infected with @entity794 varied quantitatively (total SCC) and qualitatively (bactericidal activity and phagocytic ability) during the course of an @entity281 . Not only is the quantity of host's phagocytic cells in the mammary gland central to the defense mechanism against @entity281 , but the biological activation state appears to be equally important. The role of these cells in the pathogenesis of a cycling @entity281 is presented in a model to explain the cyclic nature of @entity1271 .

title: Quantitative and qualitative properties of host polymorphonuclear cells during experimentally induced @entity794 XXXX in @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S aureus']

answer: @entity1271 :: (MESH:D008413,Disease) :: ['mastitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic @entity2371 is a common condition that significantly compromises the quality of life of affected @entity1 . Unfortunately, despite treatment procedures, the results are often ineffective and symptoms persist for years. For these reasons, the search for less aggressive treatment options with fewer negative consequences leading to minimally invasive techniques was conducted. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of sacral nerve modulation in the treatment of @entity1118 . Moreover, we aimed to identify potential predictors of positive results of sacral neuromodulation through the comparison between failed and successful @entity1 . @entity1 : From January 2004 to December 2009, all consecutive @entity1 suffering from @entity1118 and tested for sacral nerve modulation in three pelvic floor dedicated centers were evaluated. Severity of symptoms were analyzed by a visual analog scale (VAS) RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 (2 males; mean age, 53 years) were tested for sacral nerve modulation in the screening period and were included in the present study. The mean duration of @entity158 was 51 months (range, 10-132 months). The mean preoperative VAS was 7.8 (range, 5-10). Previous pelvic surgery was reported in 18 @entity1 (66.5%). Sixteen @entity1 (59%) fulfil the successful criteria and were definitively implanted. The mean follow-up was 37 months (range, 12-71 months). The mean preoperative VAS was 8.1 (range, 6-8) and decreased to 2.1    1.2 at 6-month follow-up (p < 0.0001), to 2.1    1.1 at 12 months (16 @entity1 ), to 2.0    1.2 at 24 months (13 @entity1 ), to 2.3    1.4 at 36 months (9 @entity1 ), to 2.1    1.5 at 48 months (5 @entity1 ), and to 1.9    1.3 at 60 months (3 @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: Sacral neuromodulation proved to be effective in the treatment of some @entity1 affected by @entity1118 , and the effect persists over time. A positive screening phase and a positive response to @entity2682 or @entity4481 showed to be predictors of a successful response. Multiple localizations of @entity2371 and @entity158 occurred after stapler surgery seem to be negative factors for the success of the treatment.

title: Sacral nerve modulation in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pelvic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pelvic pain']


abstract: A retrospective analysis of audiograms was completed for @entity1 from 3 different @entity1 groups. These 3 groups were (1) @entity1 with unilateral @entity9303 , (2) @entity1 with unilateral @entity5 , and (3) @entity1 from the general clinical population of an audiology clinic in a major medical center. As Paparella, McDermott, Luiz, and de Sousa (1982) also report, the most common audiometric configuration in the @entity9303 group was peaked, a condition in which poorer hearing is reported in the low and high frequencies, and an island of better hearing sensitivity occurs at either 1.0 or 2.0 kHz. Some of the peaked audiograms from @entity1 in our @entity9303 group could be a result of a low-frequency @entity393 caused by @entity9303 combined with a high-frequency @entity393 due to aging or other environmental factors. However, 27% (13/48) of the peaked audiograms in ears with @entity9303 were found in @entity1 with no @entity393 in the high frequencies of their nondiseased ear. Thus, the peaked audiometric configuration is associated with @entity9303 , as suggested by research results from animals with experimentally induced @entity5570 . Peaked audiometric configurations were also observed in roughly 9% of the general clinical population and in 12.5% of ears of @entity1 with @entity5 . A rule--based on the audiometric configurations that maximized identification of @entity1 with @entity9303 --using the general clinical population as a control did not fare as well when the @entity5 group was used as a control. This finding provides further evidence that peaked audiograms, although common to @entity9303 , are not pathognomonic of this disease. Furthermore, these results indicate that the diagnosis of @entity9303 from audiometric profiles is risky, at best.

title: The peaked audiometric configuration in XXXX : disease related?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5570 :: ('MESH:D018159', 'Disease') :: ['endolymphatic hydrops']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'acoustic tumors', 'acoustic tumor']

entities_list: @entity9303 :: ('MESH:D008575', 'Disease') :: ["Meniere's disease"]

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity9303 :: (MESH:D008575,Disease) :: ['Meniere's disease']