abstract: @entity417 is a common disorder in @entity712 and an independant prognostic factor. The aims of this study are to evaluate the prevalence of @entity417 among a population of in-hospital @entity712 @entity1 , to compare anemic @entity1 (A) with non anemic @entity1 (NA) and to study their cares. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-two @entity1 , 70 @entity1 (53%), et 62 @entity1 (47%) are enrolled. Mean age is 76.4+/-13.5 years. The prevalence of @entity417 (WHO criteria) is 49%. @entity1 A are older than NA: 79.1+/-13.8 years versus 73.8+/-12.9 years (p=0.025), renal function is more altered in A than in NA, @entity1011 clearance is 56.5 ml/min (A) versus 76.2 ml/min (NA) (p=0.003). Ejection fraction (EF) is lower in A than in NA: 35.1+/-15.3% versus 50.9+/-15.9%, (p<0.0001.) @entity417 is less frequent in preserved EF (28%) than in low EF (63%) (p<0.0001). Hospitalization duration is longer in A than in NA: 10.7+/-10.1 days versus 6.9+/-3.7 days (p=0.005). There are more re hospitalized @entity1 among A than NA: 38 versus 10 (p=0.0001). There is a significant difference of survival of NA versus A at day 614 (p=0.03). CONCLUSION: @entity417 is frequent in our population, and is associated with others prognostic factors and comorbidity.

title: [ @entity417 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: AIMS: Radiotherapy is an important treatment modality for @entity1653 . We aimed to review the clinical outcomes for @entity1653 @entity1 treated with radiotherapy in the @entity580 Oncology Department. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was carried out on @entity1 with @entity1653 referred and treated in the department between 1 November 1996 and 31 October 2006. @entity1 details and outcomes were recorded and the results were analysed to assess survival outcomes. Survival data were confirmed by the Eastern Cancer Registration and Information Centre. RESULTS: In total, 174 @entity1 were referred to the department for an oncology opinion. Of these, 128 proceeded to radiotherapy. The median follow-up was 5.3 years (range 2.1-11.9 years). Sixty-seven per cent of the @entity1 were older than 50 years, and the female: male ratio was 2.2: 1. Overall survival was 78% at the time of follow-up, with @entity204 related to @entity1653 in 7% of the total cohort. Local control was 85% overall, 93% for grade 1 disease, 45% for grade 2 disease and 82% for grade 3 disease. @entity1 with non-benign disease were more likely to receive >50Gy (27% of grade 1 lesions vs 65% of grade 2/3 lesions), but despite this local control remained poor, even with the higher dose delivered (local control 60 and 40% for grade 2 lesions treated with 50 and >50Gy, respectively, and 100 and 75% for grade 3 lesions treated with 50 and >50Gy, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our cohort of @entity1 had an overall local control and survival similar to those documented from other departments. Grade was an important prognostic factor. @entity1 treated with >50Gy had worse local control outcomes, probably due to selection bias. Dose escalation may still be appropriate for high-risk disease, and may be more effective with more conformal techniques, such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy.

title: Pattern of relapse after fractionated external beam radiotherapy for XXXX : experience from @entity580 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ["Addenbrooke's Hospital"]

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to perform a weighted meta-analysis to determine the rates of major outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) using Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC) definitions and to evaluate their current use in the literature. BACKGROUND: Recently, the published VARC definitions have helped to add uniformity to reporting outcomes after TAVR. METHODS: A comprehensive search of multiple electronic databases from January 1, 2011, through October 12, 2011, was conducted using predefined criteria. We included studies reporting at least 1 outcome using VARC definitions. RESULTS: A total of 16 studies including 3,519 @entity1 met inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The pooled estimate rates of outcomes were determined according to @entity340 : device success, 92.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 88.7% to 95.5%); all-cause 30-day mortality, 7.8% (95% CI: 5.5% to 11.1%); @entity583 , 1.1% (95% CI: 0.2% to 2.0%); @entity810 stage II/III, 7.5% (95% CI: 5.1% to 11.4%); life-threatening @entity548 , 15.6% (95% CI: 11.7% to 20.7%); major @entity455 , 11.9% (95% CI: 8.6% to 16.4%); major @entity64 , 3.2% (95% CI: 2.1% to 4.8%); and new permanent pacemaker implantation, 13.9% (95% CI: 10.6% to 18.9%). Medtronic CoreValve prosthesis use was associated with a significant higher rate of new permanent pacemaker implantation compared with the Edwards prosthesis (28.9% [95% CI: 23.0% to 36.0%] vs. 4.9% [95% CI: 3.9% to 6.2%], p < 0.0001). The 30-day safety composite endpoint rate was 32.7% (95% CI: 27.5% to 38.8%) and the 1-year total mortality rate was 22.1% (95% CI: 17.9% to 26.9%). CONCLUSIONS: VARC definitions have already been used by the TAVR clinical research community, establishing a new standard for reporting clinical outcomes. Future revisions of the VARC definitions are needed based on evolving TAVR clinical experiences.

title: Clinical outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement using valve academic research consortium definitions: a weighted meta-analysis of 3,519 XXXX from 16 studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ["VARC's definitions"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity101 and @entity209 are cardiovascular risk factors associated with increased adiposity. In a previous study, waist-to-stature ratio (WSR) was identified as the @entity28 index associated with @entity4346 . OBJECTIVE: In this study we compared the ability of this index to identify @entity101 and @entity209 with other @entity28 indexes (body mass index--BMI; waist circumference--WC; and waist-to-hip ratio - WHR) by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. METHODS: 1,655 (45.8% @entity1 ) @entity1 of the MONICA-WHO/Vitoria Project, mean age 45    11 y were investigated. @entity209 prevalence ( @entity855 -III criteria) was 32.9%, @entity101 was 42.4% and @entity28 was 19.2%. RESULTS: Regarding the ability to identify @entity101 , there was a significant WSR superiority in relation to BMI and WC (p < 0.05) regardless of gender, but WHR (p > 0.05). In relation to the ability to identify @entity209 , there was a significant WSR superiority in relation to WHR in @entity1 (p < 0.001), but BMI and WC (p = 0.16 and p = 0.9), respectively. However, in @entity1 WSR was significantly superior in relation to WHR (p < 0.001) and BMI (p = 0.025), but WC (p = 0.8). The optimal WSR cutoffs are 0.52 and 0.53 for @entity101 and 0.53 and 0.54 for @entity209 , for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity1144 , identified by WSR as a surrogate, and not overall @entity28 (BMI as surrogate), is the simplest and best applicable @entity28 index associated to @entity101 and @entity209 in our population.

title: Association of waist-stature ratio with XXXX and @entity209 : population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['best obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'Metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the levels of eleven oral species in plaque samples and cytokine levels in biofluid samples of @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1596 (IU) and systemically healthy individuals ( @entity8108 ) with or without @entity32 . MATERIALS _ METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 with IU (n=21), and twenty-two systemically healthy individuals (n=22) were enrolled in the study. Clinical periodontal measurements were recorded. Cytokine levels in the biofluid samples were determined by ELISA. Bacteria gene copy numbers were determined by qPCR on plaque microbial DNA preparations. RESULTS: According to two-step cluster analysis, ANOVA and t-test: @entity19341 , serum and salivary @entity310 , @entity4155 , @entity4155 /E; @entity19341 and serum @entity650 ; salivary @entity4654 and salivary, serum @entity4155 /F levels were higher in the IU group than the @entity8108 group (p<0.05). However, serum @entity688 and @entity14210 levels were higher in the @entity8108 group than the IU group (p<0.05). A. actinomycetemcomitans, @entity8209 , @entity9858 , A. naeslundi and V. dispar counts were higher in IU group compared to @entity8108 group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Altered local and systemic cytokine profiles are associated with differences in the microbial plaque composition in IU. Anti-inflammatory cytokines; @entity688 , @entity14210 are reduced in @entity1 with IU and Th-1 and Th-17 driven inflammatory responses in biofluids are altered. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Effect of XXXX on the inflammatory response in @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1596 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['gingival inflammation']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['gingival inflammation']


abstract: Osteoblasts are the bone forming cells, capable of secreting an extracellular matrix with mineralization potential. The exact mechanism by which osteoblasts differentiate and form a mineralized extracellular matrix is presently not fully understood. To increase our knowledge about this process, we conducted proteomics analysis in @entity1 immortalized preosteoblasts (SV-HFO) able to differentiate and mineralize. We identified 381 proteins expressed during the time course of osteoblast differentiation. Gene ontology analysis revealed an overrepresentation of protein categories established as important players for osteoblast differentiation, bone formation, and mineralization such as pyrophosphatases. Proteins involved in antigen presentation, energy metabolism and cytoskeleton rearrangement constitute other overrepresented processes, whose function, albeit interesting, is not fully understood in the context of osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Correlation analysis, based on quantitative data, revealed a biphasic osteoblast differentiation, encompassing a premineralization and a mineralization period. Identified differentially expressed proteins between mineralized and nonmineralized cells include cytoskeleton (e.g., @entity26902 , @entity16246 , and @entity18493 ) and extracellular matrix constituents ( @entity8946 , @entity10784 , and @entity4151 ) among others. FT-ICR-MS data obtained for @entity8946 , @entity10784 , and @entity4223 shows a specific regulation of these proteins during the different phases of osteoblast differentiation. Taken together, this study increases our understanding of the proteomics changes that accompany osteoblast differentiation and may permit the discovery of novel modulators of bone formation.

title: Proteomic analysis of XXXX osteoblastic cells: relevant proteins and functional categories for differentiation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the antimyeloma effect of recombinant @entity1 @entity10120 ( @entity26313 ) in vitro and its mechanism. The inhibitory effect of @entity26313 on proliferation of @entity1582 cell line CZ-1 was assayed by @entity3460 dye exclusion and @entity98 method, the apoptosis-inducing effect of @entity26313 on CZ-1 cells was detected by transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry with @entity4404 - @entity2823 and PI double staining. The effects of @entity26313 on primary bone marrow cells of @entity1 with MM and healthy adults were also investigated. The results showed that the @entity26313 at concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 microg/ml for 72 hours could inhibit the proliferation of CZ-1 cells, and their inhibition rates were 10.5%, 17.9% and 23.5% respectively. The inhibitory effect of @entity26313 on CZ-1 cells was time- and dose-dependent. 50 - 200 microg/ml @entity26313 could also inhibit the growth of primary bone marrow cells of @entity1582 @entity1 , while 0 - 400 microg/ml @entity26313 had no inhibitory effect on primary bone marrow cell of healthy adults. 100 microg/ml @entity26313 could induce CZ-1 cell apoptosis after administration for 72 hours. The typical manifestation of apoptotic cells could be observed by transmission electron microscopy. The apoptotic rate of CZ-1 cells was 21.37%. It is concluded that @entity26313 can inhibit the proliferation of @entity1582 cells by inducing apoptosis. Whether @entity26313 may be a candidate medicine for the treatment of @entity1582 is to be further studied.

title: [Antimyeloma effect of recombinant @entity1 XXXX in vitro].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

answer: @entity10120 :: (80781,Gene) :: ['endostatin']


abstract: Perirenal fluid accumulation has been described as an ultrasonographic feature of urine leakage, @entity548 , abscessation, or @entity5 . The purpose of this retrospective study was to report perirenal effusion as an additional ultrasonographic finding in @entity235 and feline @entity1 with @entity810 . The causes of @entity810 in 18 @entity1 included nephrotoxicity (4), @entity2926 (3), @entity1695 (2), @entity8 (2), ureteronephrolithiasis (2), prostatic @entity11044 (1) and @entity1986 and @entity1901 (1). An underlying cause was not identified in three @entity1 . The sonographic finding of perirenal fluid was bilateral in 15 @entity1 . Unilateral perirenal fluid was identified ipsilateral to the site of @entity1695 in two @entity1 . Large effusions extended into the caudal retroperitoneal space. Additional sonographic findings suggestive of @entity8 included mild (5), moderate (5) or severe (2) pyelectasia, increased renal echogenicity (11), increased (9) or decreased renal size (2) and ureteral and/or @entity1290 (3). There did not appear to be an association between the volume of perirenal fluid and the severity of @entity8 . All @entity1 with large effusions underwent euthanasia. Perirenal fluid developing in @entity810 is thought to be an ultrafiltrate associated with tubular back-leak into the renal interstitium that overwhelms lymphatic drainage within the perirenal and retroperitoneal connective tissues although obstruction to urine flow may also play a role. Localized perirenal retroperitoneal free fluid may be a useful ultrasonographic feature to assist with the characterization of, and determination of prognosis in, @entity1 with suspected @entity8 .

title: Perirenal effusion in XXXX and cats with @entity810 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction', 'renal lymphoma', 'renal parenchymal disease', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteritis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2926 :: ('MESH:D007922', 'Disease') :: ['leptospirosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteric obstruction', 'ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal calculi']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity11044 :: ('MESH:D014524', 'Disease') :: ['urethral obstruction']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: PURPOSE: Temporal evolution of the water @entity1541 ( @entity1541 ) parallel ( @entity1541 parallel) and perpendicular ( @entity1541 ) to the @entity1 white matter tract following @entity63 has not been investigated systematically. We attempted to quantify the evolution of @entity1541 parallel and @entity1541 and examine whether it can be interpreted by a model of @entity4 . METHODS: We retrospectively selected 53 @entity1 with @entity63 lesions involving the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC) and placed regions of interest in the right and left PLIC on @entity1541 maps. We performed regression analysis of lesion-to-contralateral ratios of @entity1541 parallel and @entity1541 against the time (t = 1-1600 h) from onset. We then fitted the estimated time courses of @entity1541 parallel and @entity1541 obtained from the analysis to a model of nerve tissue composed of cylinders (axons) and spheres corresponding to isotropic structures, particularly focal cytoplasmic swellings of glial cells and axons seen in @entity63 white matter. RESULTS: The evolution of @entity1541 and @entity1541 parallel differed. The estimated time course of @entity1541 parallel in microm(2)*ms(-1) was 0.64 + 0.88 exp (-0.24t) for 1 < t < 54 h and 0.00059t + 0.61 for t >or= 54 h (contralateral normal value, 1.52). That of @entity1541 was 0.19-0.063 exp (-0.24t) for 1 < t < 54 h and 0.00040t + 0.17 for t >or=54 h (normal value 0.22). The model fitted to these values showed that the volume of the cylinders decreased, that of the spheres increased, and extracellular volume changed little from one hour to approximately one day after @entity64 onset. CONCLUSION: In the @entity1 PLIC, @entity1541 parallel continued to decrease from one hour to a few days after @entity64 onset, and @entity1541 tended to increase. The temporal evolution could be interpreted by progression of the focal cytoplasmic swelling of glial cells and axons previously observed in animal studies.

title: How does water diffusion in XXXX white matter change following ischemic stroke?

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic edema']

entities_list: @entity1541 :: ('MESH:C536023', 'Disease') :: ['ADC perpendicular', 'apparent diffusion coefficients', 'ADC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little information is available on the effect of allergen-specific immunotherapy on airway responsiveness and markers in exhaled air. The aims of this study were to assess the safety of immunotherapy with purified natural Alt a1 and its effect on airway responsiveness to direct and indirect bronchoconstrictor agents and markers in exhaled air. METHODS: This was a randomized double-blind trial. Subjects with @entity2023 with or without mild/moderate @entity565 sensitized to A alternata and who also had a positive skin prick test to Alt a1 were randomized to treatment with placebo (n = 18) or purified natural Alt a1 (n = 22) subcutaneously for 12 months. Bronchial responsiveness to @entity1920 ( @entity860 ) and @entity2710 , exhaled @entity842 (ENO), exhaled breath condensate (EBC) pH, and serum Alt a1-specific IgG4 antibodies were measured at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of treatment. Local and systemic adverse events were also registered. RESULTS: The mean (95% CI) allergen-specific IgG4 value for the active treatment group increased from 0.07  g/mL (0.03-0.11) at baseline to 1.21  g/mL (0.69-1.73, P < 0.001) at 6 months and to 1.62  g/mL (1.02-2.22, P < 0.001) at 12 months of treatment. In the placebo group, IgG4 value increased nonsignificantly from 0.09  g/mL (0.06-0.12) at baseline to 0.13  g/mL (0.07-0.18) at 6 months and to 0.11  g/mL (0.07-0.15) at 12 months of treatment. Changes in the active treatment group were significantly higher than in the placebo group both at 6 months (P < 0.001) and at 12 months of treatment (P < 0.0001). However, changes in @entity860 and @entity2710 responsiveness, ENO and EBC pH levels were not significantly different between treatment groups. The overall incidence of adverse events was comparable between the treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Although allergen-specific immunotherapy with purified natural Alt a1 is well tolerated and induces an allergen-specific IgG4 response, treatment is not associated with changes in @entity860 or @entity2710 responsiveness or with significant improvements in markers of @entity32 in exhaled air. These findings suggest dissociation between the immunotherapy-induced increase in IgG4 levels and its effect on airway responsiveness and @entity32 .

title: Effect of allergen-specific immunotherapy with purified Alt a1 on XXXX responsiveness, exhaled @entity842 and exhaled breath condensate pH: a randomized double blind study.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 5'-monophosphate"]

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity860 :: (MESH:D000249,Chemical) :: ['AMP']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to validate the dose prescription defined to the gross @entity5 volume (GTV) 3D and 4D dose distributions of stereotactic radiotherapy for @entity2 . Treatment plans for 94 @entity1 were generated based on computed tomography (CT) under free breathing. A uniform margin of 8 mm was added to the internal target volume (ITV) to generate the planning target volume ( @entity343 ). A leaf margin of 2 mm was added to the @entity343 . The prescription dose was defined such that 99% of the GTV should receive 100% of the dose using the Monte Carlo calculation (iPlan RT Dose(TM)) for 6-MV photon beams. The 3D dose distribution was determined using CT under free breathing. The 4D dose distribution plan was recalculated to investigate the effect of @entity5 motion using the same monitor units as those used for the 3D dose distribution plan. D99 (99% of the GTV) in the 4D plan was defined as the average D99 in each of the four breathing phases (0%, 25%, 50% and 75%). The dose difference between maximum and minimum at D99 of the GTV in 4D calculations was 0.6    1.0% (range 0.2-4.6%). The average D99 of the GTV from 4D calculations in most @entity1 was almost 100% (99.8    1.0%). No significant difference was found in dose to the GTV between 3D and 4D dose calculations (P = 0.67). This study supports the clinical acceptability of treatment planning based on the dose prescription defined to the GTV.

title: Approach to dose definition to the gross @entity5 volume for @entity2 with XXXX motion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['respiratory tumor']


abstract: Purpose. @entity15439 is a combined @entity2319 and @entity1018 caused by mutations in several genes with functions in both the retina and the ear. Here the authors studied morphologic and functional changes in an animal model, the @entity28614 @entity19 , and explored whether transplantation of forebrain-derived progenitor cells might affect the progress of @entity810 . Methods. @entity28614 @entity19 were tested at postnatal days (P) 70 to P727 using an optomotor test, which provides a repeatable method of estimating rodent visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. A group of @entity19 that received grafts of forebrain-derived progenitor cells at @entity28615 was tested for up to 10 weeks after grafting. At the end of testing, animals were killed, and eyes were processed for histology. Results. The optomotor test showed that both acuity and contrast sensitivity deteriorated over time; contrast sensitivity showed a deficit even at @entity11000 . By contrast, photoreceptor loss was only evident later than 1 year of age, though changes in the intracellular distribution of red/green cone opsin were observed as early as @entity28615 . @entity19 that received transplanted cells performed significantly better than control @entity19 and no longer demonstrated abnormal distribution of red/green opsin where the donor cells were distributed. Conclusions. This study showed that @entity227 was detected well before significant photoreceptor loss and was correlated with abnormal distribution of a cone pigment. Cell transplantation prevented functional deterioration for at least 10 weeks and reversed the mislocalization of cone pigment.

title: Cell transplantation to arrest early changes in an XXXX animal model.

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['blindness disorder']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['vision impairment']

entities_list: @entity15439 :: ('MESH:D052245', 'Disease') :: ["Usher's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['morphologic and functional deterioration']

answer: @entity28614 :: (22283(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['ush2a']


abstract: @entity35245 ( @entity35245 ) is a single-transmembrane pass protein which is important in initiating the ability of @entity35246 (Gh) to regulate development and somatic growth in vertebrates. In this study, molecular cloning, expression analysis of two different @entity35245 genes (ghr1 and ghr2) in the @entity32453 ( @entity32453 ) was conducted. As a result, the ghr1 and ghr2 cDNA sequences are 2364 bp and 3125 bp, each of which encodes a transmembrane protein of 633 and 561 @entity1522 (aa), respectively. Besides, the ghr1 gene includes nine exons and eight introns. The sex-specific tissue expression was analyzed by using 14 tissues from females, normal males and extra-large male adults. Both the ghr1 and ghr2 were predominantly expressed in the liver, and the ghr1 expression level in normal males was 1.6 and 1.4 times as much as those in females and extra-large males, while the ghr2 mRNA expression level in normal males was 1.1 and 1.2 times as much as those in females and extra-large males, respectively. Ontogenetic expression analysis at early life stages indicated that the ghr1 and ghr2 mRNAs were detected at all of the 35 sampling points (from oosphere to 410days-old). Furthermore, the sex differences in @entity35245 mRNA expressions were also examined by using a full-sib family of @entity32453 . Significantly higher levels of ghr1 mRNA were observed in males than in females at most stages of the sampling period (P<0.01). The ghr2 mRNA expression at most stages exhibited a significant sexual difference at each sampling point (P<0.01) without any variation trend related with the sexes during the whole sampling period.

title: The co-existence of two XXXX receptors and their differential expression profiles between female and male @entity32453 ( @entity32453 ).

entities_list: @entity32453 :: ('244447', 'Species') :: ['tongue sole', 'Cynoglossus semilaevis', 'C. semilaevis']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity35245 :: ('103397680', 'Gene') :: ['Growth hormone receptor', 'Ghr', 'ghr']

answer: @entity35246 :: (103387754,Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although nursing students experience a high level of stress during their training, there has been limited research on stress and its impact on the student's physical responses, such as @entity344 . The aims of this study are to assess the prevalence of @entity1109 in nursing students in Korea and to examine the association between the perceived stress and @entity1109 . METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. A total of 715 students of a three-year associate degree nursing program in a Korean college participated. The Perceived Stress Scale and a GI Symptoms Questionnaire were administered through a self-reported system. Chi-square tests, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression analysis were performed using SPSS 17.0. RESULTS: Sixty-five percent of the nursing students experienced more than one GI symptom, with 31.1% of students reporting more than three @entity1109 . Most of the nursing students complained of @entity4423 and bowel symptoms. In addition, students who reported higher perceived stress were significantly more likely to complain of @entity1109 . Compared to nursing students with the lowest perceived stress level, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for @entity1109 in students with the highest perceived stress level was 3.52 times higher (95% CI = 2.05-6.06). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1109 that are highly prevalent among nursing students are significantly associated with the perceived stress level. High perceived stress should be considered a risk factor for @entity1109 . To reduce perceived stress, stress management programs including cognitive reappraisal training are needed in nursing curriculum.

title: Perceived stress and XXXX in nursing students in Korea: A cross-sectional survey.

entities_list: @entity4423 :: ('MESH:D015154', 'Disease') :: ['upper dysmotility']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['GI symptoms']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']


abstract: The resistive index (RI), calculated from the duplex Doppler waveform, was compared with clinical and laboratory findings and the results of renal biopsy in 41 @entity1 with nonobstructive (medical) @entity8 . Kidneys with @entity66 in the tubulointerstitial compartment had a mean RI of 0.75 +/- 0.07. This was statistically significantly different (p less than .01) from the RI in kidneys with disease limited to the glomeruli (mean RI of 0.58 +/- 0.05). @entity4295 resulted in an elevated RI (mean RI = 0.78 +/- 0.03) as did @entity1333 / @entity455 (mean RI = 0.82 +/- 0.05). @entity1 with @entity101 , @entity644 , or @entity811 did not have kidneys with a significantly higher RI than did @entity1 without these clinical factors. Kidneys found to be abnormally echogenic did not have an RI significantly different from kidneys of normal echogenicity. There was a weak correlation between @entity1011 level and RI value, reflected by a linear correlation coefficient of 0.34. In @entity1 with normal renal RIs, the mean @entity1011 level was 1.7 +/- 1.7, whereas in those with abnormal RI values (greater than or equal to 0.70), the mean @entity1011 level was 3.7 +/- 3.6. We conclude that some forms of nonobstructive @entity8 can produce changes in the Doppler waveform detectable by RI measurement. The production of Doppler waveform changes is strongly influenced by the site of the @entity8 . @entity66 within the tubulointerstitial compartment ( @entity4295 , @entity1986 ) or @entity1333 / @entity455 generally resulted in an elevated RI, whereas disease limited to the glomeruli, no matter how severe, did not significantly elevate the RI. Degree of @entity8 as indicated by serum @entity1011 level probably affects the Doppler waveform to some degree, but the relationship is weak.

title: Intrarenal arterial Doppler sonography in @entity1 with nonobstructive XXXX : correlation of resistive index with biopsy findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['main disease within the kidneys', 'renal disease', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Active disease', 'active disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis', 'Acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Self-care is one of the challenges that @entity1 with @entity645 / @entity791 face in the long-term symptom management of the disease. OBJECTIVE: To identify the category schemes of self-care strategies and sources of information for symptom management reported by @entity645 -positive individuals. METHODS: A secondary analysis was conducted in a large dataset of an @entity645 / @entity791 symptom management study. Narrative data of symptom self-care management strategies and sources of information for symptom management were analyzed by a content analysis technique to identify category schemes. The 359 @entity1 in the study reported 776 symptom self-care strategies and 526 sources of information for these strategies. RESULTS: The symptom self-care management strategies were summarized into eight categories: medications (23.45%), self-comforting (15.21%), complementary treatments (14.69%), daily thoughts and activities (12.89%), diet changing (10.95%), help seeking (9.28%), spiritual care (6.83%), and exercise (6.70%). There were four categories of information sources: self (34.41%), healthcare provider (27.95%), personal network (19.20%), and community (18.44%). The category schemes had moderate to high interrater reliability (Cohen's kappa:.49-1.00 for self-care strategy and .70-.87 for source of information). Most of the self-care strategies were perceived as helpful. Except for complementary treatments, self-care strategies were used differently among @entity1 with the six most frequently occurring symptoms (chi2 [5, n = 286] = 28.53-79.89). DISCUSSION: The eight categories of self-care strategies identified in this study showed that @entity1 with @entity645 / @entity791 not only seek the help of medications, but also follow a wide array of other self-developed or self-taught nonpharmaceutical strategies to allay their symptoms.

title: Self-care strategies and sources of information for XXXX / @entity791 symptom management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: The effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion (0.02 ml min-1) of @entity20962 ( @entity2768 ), with @entity1219 added to isotonicity, on the water intake and @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ) release caused by intravenous (i.v.) infusion of angiotensin II (AII) (4.8 nmol min-1) was studied in euhydrated @entity742 . The i.c.v. infusion of @entity2768 , which started 80 min before commencement of the AII infusion, induced a water diuresis in four out of six animals and a measurable decrease in plasma @entity1831 concentration. The i.v. infusion of AII effectively stimulated the @entity1831 release and the response was unaffected by prior and simultaneous i.c.v. administration of @entity2768 . However, the water intake measured 2 min after cessation of the AII administration was reduced by 50% when @entity2768 was infused i.c.v. compared to that seen after simply the AII infusion. The inhibitory effect of @entity2768 on AII-induced @entity457 disappeared rapidly after discontinuation of @entity2768 administration. Compensatory increased @entity457 was seen during the first post-infusion hour, resulting in an equivalent cumulative intake of water at 60 min post-infusion in the two types of experiments. The present results support the idea that at least some of the cerebral effects of circulating AII on fluid balance are medicated via targets which are simultaneously accessible to influences from the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid.

title: Effect of intracerebroventricular @entity20962 on water intake and XXXX release induced by intravenous infusion of angiotensin II in @entity742 .

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity20962 :: ('MESH:D017666', 'Chemical') :: ['deuterium oxide']

entities_list: @entity457 :: ('MESH:D063425', 'Disease') :: ['drinking']

answer: @entity1831 :: (CHEBI:34543,Chemical) :: ['AVP']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Kiwifruit has the potential to improve markers of @entity209 , but the response may be influenced by inflammatory state. We aimed to investigate whether inflammatory state would modulate the effect of consuming two green kiwifruit daily on plasma lipids and markers of @entity32 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Eighty-five hypercholesterolaemic @entity1 completed a 4-week healthy diet run-in, before randomisation to a controlled cross-over study of two 4-week interventions of two green kiwifruit/day plus healthy diet (intervention) or healthy diet alone (control). Anthropometric measures and fasting blood samples (plasma lipids, serum @entity755 , high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and @entity650 , @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ) and @entity688 ) were taken at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks. Subjects were divided into low and medium inflammatory groups, using pre-intervention hs-CRP concentrations (hs-CRP <1 and 1-3 mg/L, respectively). In the medium inflammatory group the kiwifruit intervention resulted in significant improvements in plasma high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) (mean difference 0.08 [95% CI: 0.03, 0.12] mmol/L [P < 0.001]), total @entity165 (TC)/HDL-C ratio (-0.29 [-0.45, -0.14] mmol/L [P = 0.001]), plasma hs-CRP (-22.1 [-33.6, -4.97]% [P = 0.01]) and @entity650 (-43.7 [-63.0, -14.1]% [P = 0.01]) compared to control treatment. No effects were seen in the low inflammatory group. There were significant between @entity32 group differences for TC/HDL-C (P = 0.02), @entity412 (TG)/HDL-C (P = 0.05), and plasma @entity650 (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Inflammatory state modulated responses to the kiwifruit intervention by improving inflammatory markers and lipid profiles in subjects with modestly elevated CRP, suggesting this group may particularly benefit from the regular consumption of green kiwifruit. Registered 16th March 2010, Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (no. ACTRN12610000213044), www.ANZCTR.org.au.

title: Inflammatory status modulates plasma lipid and inflammatory marker responses to kiwifruit consumption in hypercholesterolaemic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoproteins A1 and B']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: New drugs are available for managing several common @entity272 . For @entity1569 , topical corticosteroids remain the first-line therapy, but topical @entity3875 analogs, such as @entity2116 , now have a role. They are as effective as medium-potency topical steroids but without @entity134 side effects, though they can induce @entity2741 if the dose exceeds 100 g/week. For more severe cases, @entity1499 has been widely used, but other drugs now also are prescribed. They include calcineurin inhibitors, such as @entity205 , and more recently, biologic agents, such as @entity5 necrosis factor inhibitors. For @entity1 and pregnant @entity1 , in whom the previously discussed drugs are not appropriate, narrowband UV-B light often is the first-line treatment. For @entity484 , @entity1 requiring @entity134 -sparing topical drugs can be treated with calcineurin inhibitors (ie, @entity14429 or @entity1140 ); between the 2, @entity1140 is the first choice for adults and @entity1 older than 2 years. When systemic management is needed, oral calcineurin inhibitors (eg, @entity205 ) are appropriate, though oral @entity230 often are needed for severe cases. The need for systemic management can sometimes be delayed with use of diluted bleach baths. For @entity5477 , standard treatments with topical @entity18575 and topical or systemic antibiotics are used widely, as are oral contraceptives, but oral @entity10211 is the most effective treatment.

title: XXXX : new drugs for managing @entity272 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity5477 :: ('MESH:D000152', 'Disease') :: ['acne vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity18575 :: ('MESH:D001585', 'Chemical') :: ['benzoyl peroxide']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity14429 :: ('MESH:C117268', 'Chemical') :: ['pimecrolimus']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['isotretinoin']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disorders']

entities_list: @entity2116 :: ('MESH:C055085', 'Chemical') :: ['calcipotriene']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['Skin conditions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine to what degree an ultra-highly diluted homeopathic remedy, Arnica Montana 30C (AM-30C), used in the treatment of @entity130 , can modulate the expression of @entity377 excision repair genes in @entity526 exposed to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. METHODS: @entity526 were cultured to their log phase in a standard Luria-Bertani medium and then exposed to sublethal doses of UV irradiation at 25 and 50 J/m(2) for 22.5 and 45 s, respectively. The UV-exposed bacteria were then supplemented with either AM-30C (drug) or placebo (P-30C). The drug-treated and placebo-treated bacteria were subjected to assay for DNA damage and oxidative stress 90 min after UV exposure. Several protocols like comet assay, gel electrophoresis for DNA ladder and intracellular reactive @entity26 species (ROS) generation, and biomarker measurement like @entity224 dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) were conducted. The mRNA expressions of the excision repair genes like ultraviolet repair uvrA, B and C genes (or also known as excision repair genes) were estimated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method. RESULTS: The UV-exposed bacteria showed DNA damage and oxidative stress, as revealed by an increase in ROS generation, and a decrease in SOD, CAT and @entity2197 activities. As compared to placebo, the AM-30C-treated bacteria showed less DNA damage and oxidative stress as manifested by a decrease in ROS generation, and an increase in SOD, CAT and @entity2197 activities. AM-30C also up-regulated the expression of repair genes as compared to the control. CONCLUSION: AM-30C helped repair the DNA damage through up-regulation of repair genes and also ameliorated the oxidative stress through the reduction of ROS generation and suitable modulation of anti-oxidative stress enzymes.

title: Potential of the homeopathic remedy, Arnica Montana 30C, to reduce DNA damage in XXXX exposed to ultraviolet irradiation through up-regulation of @entity377 excision repair genes.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['shock and injury']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['reduced glutathione']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: @entity409 is one of the core characteristics of youth with @entity8192 . How such a dysfunction is associated with abnormal neural processing, however, remains to be determined. This study combined assessment of Hare Psychopathy Checklist Youth Version, pressure @entity158 threshold, and event-related brain potentials elicited by the perception of @entity1 in @entity158 in 15 young offenders with low CU traits (LCU), 13 with high CU traits (HCU), and 15 typically developing controls. Compared to the controls, LCU and HCU had higher @entity158 thresholds. Although only the central late positive potential (LPP) was reduced in LCU, both the frontal N120 and central LPP were diminished in HCU. When exposed to situations in which someone was harmed by another, HCU retained the LPP, and this response was significantly correlated with their psychopathic traits and @entity158 thresholds. Both groups had no deficit in sensorimotor resonance as assessed by mu suppression. These results demonstrate that youth with HCU exhibit atypical neural dynamics of @entity158 empathy processing in the early stage of affective arousal, which is coupled with their relative insensitivity to @entity158 . Their capacity to understand intentionality, however, was not affected. Such uncoupling between affective arousal and emotion understanding may contribute to instigating @entity146 in juvenile @entity10420 .

title: Dissociation between affective sharing and emotion understanding in juvenile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8192 :: ('MESH:C567520', 'Disease') :: ['callous-unemotional (CU) traits']

entities_list: @entity10420 :: ('MESH:D000987', 'Disease') :: ['psychopaths']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behaviors']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Empathy dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['actual pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity10420 :: (MESH:D000987,Disease) :: ['psychopaths']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Twenty percent @entity2656 is widely used to reduce brain bulk and facilitate the surgical approach in intracranial surgery. However, a dose-response relationship has not yet been established. In this study, we compared the effects of 0.7 and 1.4 g  kg(-1) @entity2656 on brain relaxation during elective supratentorial @entity1313 surgery. METHODS: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we enrolled 80 @entity1 undergoing supratentorial craniotomy for @entity5 resection. @entity1 were assigned to receive 0.7 g  kg(-1) (group L) or 1.4 g  kg(-1) (group H) of 20% @entity2656 at @entity954 . Brain relaxation was assessed immediately after opening of the dura on a scale ranging from 1 to 4 (1 = perfectly relaxed, 2 = satisfactorily relaxed, 3 = firm brain, 4 = bulging brain). RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the 2 groups regarding age, sex, body mass index, and @entity1313 localization or size. In group L 52.5% of @entity1 and in group H 77.5% of @entity1 presented a midline shift (P = 0.03). The median scores of brain relaxation (interquantile range) were 2.0 (1.75-3) and 2.0 (1-3) (P = 0.16 for @entity1 in group L and H, respectively). We then used a proportional odds model to adjust for this unbalanced distribution and to assess the group effect (low-dose versus high-dose @entity2656 ) on brain relaxation scores. When adjusted for the presence of midline shift, the use of a higher dose of @entity2656 resulted in an odds ratio of 2.5 (P = 0.03). This indicates that, considering the effect of a midline shift, the odds of having a 1-level improvement in relaxation score in @entity1 who received a higher dose of @entity2656 (group H) was 2.5 times as large as the odds for the low-dose group. The odds ratio of 0.29 (P = 0.007) for the midline shift indicates that its occurrence was associated with a higher probability of a lower relaxation score, on average. CONCLUSION: In this study, we show that 1.4 g  kg(-1) of 20% @entity2656 results in equivalent brain relaxation scores as 0.7 g  kg(-1) in @entity1 undergoing craniotomy for supratentorial @entity1313 . When corrected for the presence of midline shift, this study reveals that @entity1 in the high-dose group had significantly more chances of obtaining a better relaxation score compared with the lower-dose group.

title: A comparison of two doses of @entity2656 on brain relaxation during supratentorial XXXX craniotomy: a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['surgical incision']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Reduction of cognitive function is a possible side effect after cardiac surgery. We investigated the effect of transfemoral versus conventional aortic valve replacement on cognitive performance early after surgery. METHODS: 50 @entity1 with transfemoral, catheter-based aortic valve implantations were compared to 50 @entity1 with conventional surgical aortic valve replacement. Six neuropsychological subtests from the Syndrom Kurz Test and @entity195 Assessment Scale were performed preoperatively and on the third postoperative day in a double blind fashion. To assess the overall cognitive function and the degree of @entity73 across all tests after surgery we combined the six test-scores by principal component analysis. RESULTS: The preoperative (Spre), as well as postoperative (Spost) overall cognitive function scores, were not significantly different between the groups and showed deterioration within both groups (Spre conv. 0.2    1.0 vs Spost conv. -0.6    1.1, p <0.0005 and Spre transfem. -0.2    1.0 vs Spost transfem. -0.6    1.1, p = 0.002). This decline (Spre -Spost) was not associated with the type of operation (p = 0.1). CONCLUSION: Transfemoral @entity886 has no cerebroprotective advantage since it leads also to an early postoperative decline of neuropsychological abilities, which is comparable to conventional aortic valve replacement.

title: Transfemoral versus conventional XXXX --early postoperative cognitive outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive change']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve implantation']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's Disease"]

answer: @entity886 :: (MESH:C563178,Disease) :: ['aortic valve implantation']


abstract: The regulation of the @entity1 @entity755 gene that plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism is apparently very complex, with multiple cis- and trans-acting regulatory factors. One of these factors is an enhancer region in the second intron. In this region a point mutation at position + 722 has been found that is detectable by the restriction enzyme @entity36360 . The report of Levy-Wilson et al. (1991) could suggest that the mutant allele (abolished @entity36360 site) is associated with hypocholesterolemia. To investigate further the possible effect of this mutation on plasma @entity165 levels, we have compared the frequency of the mutant allele between 206 @entity753 Norwegian or Czech subjects on one hand, and 165 hypocholesterolemic Norwegian or Czech subjects on the other hand. No significant difference in frequency was found between the @entity753 groups. This finding indicates either that the mutation at position + 722 does not affect the enhancer activity or that this in vitro enhancer activity is of little or no clinical significance. One of the Norwegian @entity753 subjects who was of Czech descent possessed the @entity755 3500 mutation that leads to defective binding of low density lipoprotein (LDL) to the LDL receptors. Haplotype analysis of the @entity755 gene in her family showed that the mutation-bearing allele was identical to that reported in other countries, indicating a common gene source.

title: XXXX polymorphism in an enhancer region of the second intron of the @entity755 gene in hyper- and hypocholesterolemic subjects.

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic and the hypocholesterolemic', 'hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apoB', 'apolipoprotein (apo) B']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity36360 :: (55808,Gene) :: ['StyI']


abstract: The effects of dietary supplementation of @entity12039 and @entity2388 ( @entity12037 ) on metabolic responses and endurance capacity during leg exercise were determined in eight untrained males (20-30 yr). During the 7 days before exercise, a high- @entity1735 diet was consumed (70% @entity1735 , 18% protein, 12% fat; 35 kcal/kg body weight). One hundred grams of either @entity10806 (placebo) or @entity12039 and @entity2388 (treatment, 3:1) were substituted for a portion of @entity1735 . Dietary conditions were randomized, and subjects consumed each diet separated by 7-14 days. After each diet, cycle ergometer exercise (70% of peak @entity26 consumption) was performed to exhaustion. Biopsy of the vastus lateralis muscle was obtained before and after exercise. Blood samples were drawn through radial artery and femoral vein catheters at rest, after 30 min of exercise, and at exercise termination. Leg endurance was 66 +/- 4 and 79 +/- 2 min after placebo and @entity12037 , respectively (P less than 0.01). Muscle glycogen at rest and exhaustion did not differ between diets. Whole leg arteriovenous @entity413 difference was greater (P less than 0.05) for @entity12037 than for placebo at rest (0.36 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.19 +/- 0.07 mM) and after 30 min of exercise (1.06 +/- 0.14 vs. 0.65 +/- 0.10 mM) but did not differ at exhaustion. Plasma free @entity1718 , @entity653 , and @entity4322 were similar during rest and exercise for both diets. Estimated total @entity413 oxidation during exercise was 165 +/- 17 and 203 +/- 15 g after placebo and @entity12037 , respectively (P less than 0.05). It is concluded that feeding of @entity12037 for 7 days in conjunction with a high @entity1735 diet enhances leg exercise endurance capacity by increasing @entity413 extraction by muscle.

title: Enhanced leg exercise endurance with a high- XXXX diet and @entity12039 and @entity2388 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity4322 :: ('MESH:D020155', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-hydroxybutyrate']

entities_list: @entity12039 :: ('MESH:D004098', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroxyacetone']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: Strategic spatial patterning of crop species and cultivars could make agricultural landscapes less vulnerable to @entity66 epidemics, but experimentation to explore effective disease-suppressive landscape designs is problematic. Here, we present a realistic, multiscale, spatiotemporal, integrodifference equation model of @entity15908 epidemics to determine the relationship between spatial heterogeneity and disease spread, and determine the effectiveness of mixing resistant and susceptible cultivars at different spatial scales under the influence of weather. The model framework comprised a landscape generator, a @entity15908 model that includes host and pathogen life cycles and fungicide management at the field scale, and an atmospheric dispersion model that calculates spore dispersal at the landscape scale. Landscapes consisted of one or two distinct @entity415 -growing regions (6.4-by-6.4-km) embedded within a nonhost matrix. The characteristics of fields and growing regions and the separation distance between two growing regions were investigated for their effects on disease incidence, measured as the proportion of fields with >= 1% severity, after inoculation of a single @entity415 grid cell with a low initial level of disease. The most effective spatial strategies for suppressing disease spread in a region were those that reduced the acreage of @entity415 or increased the proportion of a resistant @entity415 cultivar. Clustering @entity415 cultivation in some parts of a region, either by planting in large fields or clustering small fields, enhanced the spread within such a cluster while it delayed spread from one cluster to another; however, the net effect of clustering was an increase in disease at the landscape scale. The planting of mixtures of a resistant and susceptible cultivar was a consistently effective option for creating @entity415 -growing regions that suppressed disease spread. It was more effective to mix susceptible and resistant cultivars within fields than plant some fields entirely with a susceptible cultivar and other fields with a resistant cultivar, at the same ratio of susceptible to resistant @entity415 plants at the landscape level. Separation distances of at least 16 km were needed to completely prevent @entity3082 spread from one @entity415 -growing region to another. Effects of spatial placement of resistant and susceptible @entity415 cultivars depended strongly on meteorological conditions, indicating that landscape connectivity for the spread of @entity66 depends on the particular coincidence between direction of spread, location of fields, distance between the fields, and survival of the spores depending on the weather. Therefore, in the simulation of (airborne) pathogen invasions, it is important to consider the large variability of atmospheric dispersion conditions.

title: Invasion of XXXX at the landscape level: how do spatial scale and weather modulate the consequences of spatial heterogeneity in host resistance?

entities_list: @entity15908 :: ('4787', 'Species') :: ['potato late blight']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['plant disease']

answer: @entity15908 :: (4787,Species) :: ['Phytophthora infestans']


abstract: A prospective and randomized trial has been performed in order to evaluate combined modality therapy in @entity1 with @entity816 grade 3 and 4. Follow-up information is available on 244 @entity1 . One half of the series received radiation therapy twice a week (40.00 Gy/5 weeks), the other half five times a week (50.00 Gy/5 weeks). @entity8712 1.2 g/m2 was given orally to one half of the @entity1 in the first radiation treatment group 3 1/2 to 4 hours before the treatment. The other half received placebo. The second radiation treatment group was also divided in two halves, one receiving 0.48 g/m2 @entity8712 and the other placebo 3 1/2 to 4 hours before radiation. The randomization also included a subdivision of the material into eight groups of which four were given CCNU and four no chemotherapy, beginning 3 months after operation. The dose of CCNU was 120 mg/m2 body surface every 6 weeks. All eight treatment groups showed practically identical periods of median survival, and no statistically significant differences were observed with regard to performance status, side effects, or complications. Another dosage and timing of @entity8712 administration in relation to the irradiation schedule, and a consideration of effects of concomitant drugs like @entity619 and @entity3174 are discussed.

title: Combined modality treatment of operated XXXX grade 3 and 4. A prospective and randomized study of @entity8712 and radiotherapy with two different radiation schedules and subsequent CCNU chemotherapy. Stage II of a prospective multicenter trial of the Scandinavian Glioblastoma Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8712 :: ('MESH:D008920', 'Chemical') :: ['misonidazole', 'Misonidazole']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['astrocytomas']


abstract: @entity6369 in males and @entity3799 in females, which were @entity2953 , were treated with @entity18813 , a new @entity1536 antibiotic, and its efficacy was studied. Seventeen male @entity1 with @entity6369 were administered a single 300 mg dose of @entity18813 . The efficacy rate on the 3rd day after administration was 100%, but it was 85.7% on the 7th day due to recurrence in 1 @entity1 . The results of treatment of @entity281 were as follow. In this treatment, @entity18813 was administered in a daily dose of 600 mg in 3 divided doses for 14 consecutive days. In the treatment of @entity7566 of males, the efficacy rate in 26 @entity1 was 84.6% on the 7th day and 84.0% on the 14th day in 25 @entity1 . In the treatment of @entity3799 , the efficacy rate was 100% on both the 7th (3/3) and 14th (6/6) days. In the treatment of non-gonorrheal and non- @entity3799 , the efficacy rate was 100% on the 7th day (1/1) and 50% (1/2) on 14th day. The efficacy rate in all 40 males with @entity6369 was 85.0% on the 7th day and 88.9% for 36 @entity1 on the 14th day, while that in all 4 females with @entity3799 was 100% on the 7th day and 87.5% on the 14th day. No side effects were seen in any of the @entity1 . Overall, @entity18813 had an efficacy rate of 80% in the treatment of @entity281 . @entity18813 was found to be a useful drug which is efficacious in the treatment of all STD-related microbes such as gonococci and @entity1047 .

title: [Epidemiological and therapeutic study on @entity6369 of male and XXXX from viewpoint of STD--a study using @entity18813 . Sapporo Clinical Research Group for STD].

entities_list: @entity6369 :: ('MESH:D014526', 'Disease') :: ['non-gonorrheal urethritis', 'Urethritis', 'gonorrheal urethritis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7566 :: ('MESH:D061387', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydial urethritis']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted diseases']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['non-gonorrheal infections', 'chlamydial infections']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydial cervicitis', 'cervicitis']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydia']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolone']

answer: @entity3799 :: (MESH:D002575,Disease) :: ['cervicitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) models based on computed tomography-magnetic resonance imaging (CT-MRI) image fusion for the @entity227 . METHODS: Seven @entity1 with proved @entity14318 were involved in this study. Both preoperative CT and MRI image data were acquired in DICOM format and imported into Surgicase CMF software, respectively. Then, the structures of interest, including @entity5 , muscle, and vascular, and so on, were segmented based on different thresholds and reconstructed in 3D texture. Finally, CT-MRI image fusion was semiautomatically performed to obtain the fused 2D images and 3D models for the @entity227 . The qualities of the fused 2D images and 3D models together with their potential applications in surgical management of @entity14318 were qualitatively assessed. Besides, the importance of this imaging technique in terms of training junior surgeons was also discussed in detail. RESULTS: Computed tomography-MRI image fusion clearly showed the relationship between @entity5 and adjacent structures. The qualitative assessment of fused images was satisfied. CONCLUSIONS: Although there are some limitations, the 2D images and 3D models based on CT-MRI image fusion can provide a powerful tool for the @entity227 . It may offer surgeons an assisted tool for the subject-specific preoperative planning, surgical simulation, and intraoperative guidance for @entity14318 . Furthermore, it also may offer valuable 2D and 3D models for training junior surgeons or provide a useful tool for surgeons to communicate well with @entity1 .

title: Two- and three-dimensional models for the XXXX based on CT-MRI image fusion.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visualization of jaw tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visualization of jaw tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective of this study was to formulate and characterize properties of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) dispersion containing @entity3092 . @entity5 was prepared by ultrasonication method using tripalmitin and lecithin as lipid core and then the surface was coated with chitosan. Entrapment efficiency was greater than 99%, and mean particle size of @entity5 was 110.7        1.97  nm with significant increase in the coated @entity5 (c- @entity5 ). Zeta potential was proportionally increased and reached plateau at 5% of chitosan coating with respect to tripalmitin. Differential scanning calorimetry showed disappearance of endothermic peak of @entity3092 in SLNs, indicating conversion of crystalline state to amorphous state. FTIR study of SLNs showed no change in the spectrum of @entity3092 , which indicates that the lipid and chitosan were not incompatible with @entity3092 . When coating amount was greater than 2.5% of tripalmitin, particle size and zeta potential were very stable even at 40  C up to 90  days. All @entity5 dispersions showed significantly faster release profile compared to pure @entity3092 powder. At pH  7.0, the release rate was increased in proportion to the coating amount. Interestingly, at pH  3.0, chitosan coating of 5.0% or greater decreased the rate. Cellular uptake of @entity3092 was performed using Caco-2 cells and showed that all @entity5 dispersions were significantly better than @entity3092 dispersed in distilled water. However, cellular uptake of @entity3092 from c- @entity5 was significantly lower than that from uncoated @entity5 .

title: XXXX -Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Dispersion with Improved Physicochemical Properties and Cellular Uptake.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['SLN', 'solid lipid nanoparticle']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin']

answer: @entity3092 :: (MESH:D011794,Chemical) :: ['Quercetin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity281 of the cervicofacial region are uncommon. Most major medical centers report approximately one case per year. Presenting clinical manifestations are confusing because they often mimic other disease processes. Diagnosis may be difficult due to a general lack of familiarity with the disease and the fastidious nature of the organism in culture. The cervicofacial manifestations of @entity5850 are varied, and a high index of suspicion is required to make an accurate and timely diagnosis. METHODS: Retrospective chart review with the presentation of four unusual cases of @entity5850 were performed. RESULTS: Two @entity1 were initially seen with @entity1282 from a tongue base mass. The third @entity1 was initially seen with a 3-week history of worsening hoarseness and stridor. Examination revealed an @entity1066 of the left hemilarynx and pyriform sinus. All three @entity1 were thought to have a @entity5 . Diagnosis was made on histologic examination of a tissue biopsy. The fourth @entity1 was initially seen with a buccal space mass that was draining externally. Culture of the purulent drainage revealed Actinomyces. In all four cases, symptoms resolved after appropriate antimicrobial therapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5850 of the head and neck, although rare, is an important entity to the otolaryngologist. A confusing clinical presentation combined with the fastidious nature of the organism make for a difficult diagnosis. A high index of suspicion is required to make an accurate diagnosis and institute the appropriate antibiotic therapy.

title: Atypical presentations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic process']

entities_list: @entity5850 :: ('MESH:D000196', 'Disease') :: ['Actinomycosis', 'actinomycosis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative lesion']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Actinomycotic infections']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity5850 :: (MESH:D000196,Disease) :: ['actinomycosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The failing heart demonstrates a preference for @entity413 as its metabolic substrate. Whether enhancing myocardial @entity413 uptake favorably influences left ventricular (LV) contractile performance in @entity712 remains uncertain. @entity25600 ( @entity25600 ) is a naturally occurring incretin with potent insulinotropic effects the action of which is attenuated when @entity413 levels fall below 4 mmol. We examined the impact of recombinant @entity25600 ( @entity15212 ) on LV and systemic hemodynamics and myocardial substrate uptake in conscious @entity235 with advanced @entity384 ( @entity384 ) as a mechanism for overcoming @entity296 resistance and enhancing myocardial @entity413 uptake. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity235 were instrumented and studied in the fully conscious state. Advanced @entity384 was induced by 28 days of rapid pacing. Sixteen @entity235 with advanced @entity384 received a 48-hour infusion of @entity15212 (1.5 pmol x kg(-1) x min(-1)). Eight @entity235 with @entity384 served as controls and received 48 hours of a saline infusion (3 mL/d). Infusion of @entity15212 was associated with significant (P<0.02) increases in LV dP/dt (98%), @entity64 volume (102%), and cardiac output (57%) and significant decreases in LV end-diastolic pressure, heart rate, and systemic vascular resistance. @entity15212 increased @entity296 and myocardial @entity413 uptake. There were no significant changes in the saline control group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity15212 dramatically improved LV and systemic hemodynamics in conscious @entity235 with advanced @entity384 induced by rapid pacing. @entity15212 has insulinomimetic and glucagonostatic properties, with resultant increases in myocardial @entity413 uptake. @entity15212 may be a useful metabolic adjuvant in decompensated @entity712 .

title: Recombinant @entity25600 increases myocardial XXXX uptake and improves left ventricular performance in conscious @entity235 with pacing-induced @entity384 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial insulin', 'myocardial insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: Cardiac and @entity2849 are rare complications following @entity583 or cardiac surgery. They are characterized by a contained cardiac or aortic @entity397 within surrounding tissue and have a high mortality rate if left untreated. Percutaneous treatment of @entity299 might be a feasible treatment option in @entity1 who are at high risk of reoperative surgery. There is limited literature on the outcomes and the approaches to percutaneous treatment of these @entity2849 . We review nine cases of cardiac and @entity2849 and percutaneous techniques for closure. @entity2849 were categorized anatomically as left ventricular posterior (posterobasal or posterolateral), left ventricular outflow tract, left ventricular apical, and ascending @entity2849 . Two @entity1 with posterior @entity2849 (one posterobasal treated with an Amplatzer Septal Occluder device, and one wide-mouthed @entity2849 which was not closed, are described. We further describe two left ventricular outflow tract @entity2849 treated successfully with percutaneous coil embolization, one left ventricular apical @entity2849 treated with coils, and three ascending @entity2849 treated with a septal occluder device or vascular plug. We review the technical approaches, device selection strategies, outcomes, and complications with these percutaneous treatment options. The size of the @entity2849 dimensions of its neck and relative anatomy, particularly to the coronaries and valves, are critical issues to be addressed before percutaneous treatment of these @entity2849 .

title: Percutaneous therapeutic approaches to closure of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac pseudoaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'aortic pseudoaneurysms', 'posterolateral pseudoaneurysm', 'Pseudoaneurysms', 'pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac pseudoaneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to study the effects of physical training combined with dietary measures in @entity28 adults. In a second step, we sought to compare two training protocols and establish the additional contribution of strength training. METHODS: We performed a randomized, prospective survey from July 2004 to November 2007. Included @entity1 were randomized into three groups: a control group (G1), a group (G2) performing dietary measures and a programme of treadmill training at 60% of each individual's maximum heart rate (HRmax) and a group (G3) who followed the G2 programme supplemented with strength training. All @entity1 underwent an initial and final assessment of anthropometric _ cardiovascular parameters, muscle strength, dyspnoea during activities of daily living, @entity209 , @entity159 and quality of life. RESULTS: The greatest @entity353 (7.24%) was observed in G3. Reduction in waistline measurement (WL) of 4.3% and 10.26% were noted in G2 and G3, respectively (p < 0.001). The percentage fat body mass fell by 10.4% in G3 (p < 0.001) and 8.6% in G2 (p = 0.03).We particularly noted an improvement in physical condition in groups 2 and 3, with lower HR and blood pressure values at rest and at maximum effort. The overall improvement in both arm and leg muscle strength was greater for G3 than for G2. Likewise, we noted an improvement in the metabolic parameters and @entity308 _ @entity148 scores for the trained groups (G2, G3), relative to the control group (G1). We also noted improvements in the total impact of weight on quality of life (IWQOL) lite score of 15.2% in G2 and 18% in G3. CONCLUSION: Our survey demonstrated the beneficial effect of combining dietary measures and physical training in @entity28 @entity1 . In addition to @entity353 , the programme enabled a reduction in the @entity1 ' body fat mass and @entity1144 , a correction of @entity209 and an improvement in aerobic capacity. The improvement in all these parameters also enhanced the @entity1 ' @entity159 and quality of life. The addition of strength training produced notable improvements in @entity353 , arm muscle strength and @entity1144 .

title: Physical training combined with dietary measures in the treatment of XXXX . A comparison of two protocols.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['psychological status']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['adult obesity']


abstract: Cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) is the recommended intervention in @entity1279 ( @entity1279 ) and @entity1277 not otherwise specified with binge/purge (EDNOS-B/P) symptoms. There are fewer data on its application in a group format. We sought to investigate the effect of group CBT in female soldiers with B/P symptomatology in an open trial design. For this purpose we assessed 64 female soldiers serving in the Israeli Defense Force diagnosed with @entity1279 and EDNOS-B/P who participated in a group CBT format of 16 weekly sessions and one follow-up session. In this study, 42 @entity1 (65.6%) completed treatment and 22 @entity1 (34.4%) did not. A total of 39 treatment completers (92.8% of treatment completers) and 19 non-completers (86.4% of treatment non-completers) were assessed around 12  months after treatment. @entity1 completed at baseline and following treatment questionnaires assessing eating-related symptoms, @entity308 , @entity148 , and overall functioning. At follow-up they were assessed for eating-related symptoms. Our findings show only minimal baseline differences between treatment completers and non-completers. Significant improvement from baseline to post-treatment was shown for B/P and restrictive symptoms, @entity308 , @entity148 , and overall functioning. At that time, more than a third of treatment completers were abstinent from binging and more than a half from @entity391 . The improvement in B/P and restricting symptoms was maintained at 1  year follow-up for treatment completers. At that time around 60% were abstinent from binging and more than 70% from @entity391 . @entity1 not completing treatment were also improved at follow-up but to a lesser extent. The findings of the present study suggest that group CBT may be effective for the treatment of female soldiers with @entity1279 and EDNOS-B/P.

title: Group cognitive behavioral treatment in female soldiers diagnosed with binge/purge XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa', 'BN']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4536 due to @entity3667 has become a hot topic in Iran. The objective of this study was to determine some ecological aspects of sand flies in the study area. METHODS: Sand flies were collected biweekly from indoors and outdoors fixed places in the selected villages, using 30 sticky paper traps from the beginning to the end of the active season of 2006 in Kerman Province, south of Iran. The flies were mounted and identified. Some blood fed and gravid female sand flies of @entity2618 and indoors were dissected and examined microscopically for natural @entity281 of @entity3667 parasite during August to September. RESULTS: In total, 2439 specimens comprising 8 species (3 Phlebotomus and 5 Sergentomyia) were identified. The most common sand @entity238 was P. papatasi and represented 87.1% of sand flies from indoors and 57.2% from outdoors. The activity of the species extended from April to end October. There are two peaks in the density curve of this species, one in June and the second in August. Natural @entity281 was found in P. papatasi (12.7%). CONCLUSION: Phlebotomus papatasi is considered as a probable vector among gerbils and to @entity1 with a high percentage of @entity281 in this new focus of @entity4536 . The Bahraman area which until recently was unknown as an endemic area seems now to represent a focus of zoonotic @entity4536 transmission in Iran.

title: Sand XXXX Surveillance within an Emerging Epidemic Focus of @entity4536 in Southeastern Iran.

entities_list: @entity3667 :: ('5664', 'Species') :: ['Leishmania', 'Leishmania major']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['promastigote infection']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis', 'Cutaneous leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity2618 :: ('MESH:D012376', 'Disease') :: ['rodent burrows']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['fly']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the angiographic findings and embolotherapy in the management of traumatic renal @entity1317 . METHODS: This is a retrospective review of 22 @entity1 with renal @entity130 who underwent arteriography and percutaneous embolization from December 1995 to January 2002. Medical records, imaging studies and procedural reports were reviewed to assess the @entity130 , arteriographic findings and immediate embolization results. Long-term clinical outcome was obtained by communication with the @entity130 physicians and by clinical chart review. RESULTS: Arteriography was performed in 125 @entity1 admitted to a State @entity130 Center with suspected internal @entity548 . @entity8 was documented in 22 and was the result of a motor-vehicle accident (10), auto-pedestrian accident (1), gunshot (4) or stab wounds (6) and a fall (1). @entity8 was undertaken in 22 of 125 (18%) @entity1 to treat extravasation (11), @entity397 (5), abnormal arteriovenous (3) or arteriocalyceal (2) communication and @entity2849 (3). One of the @entity2849 and one of the arteriovenous fistulae were found in addition to extravasation. All 22 @entity1 (16 @entity1 , 6 @entity1 ) were hemodynamically stable, or controlled during arteriography and embolotherapy. Selective and/or superselective embolization of the abnormal vessels was performed using coils in 9 @entity1 , microcoils in 9 @entity1 and Gelfoam pledgets in 3 @entity1 . In one @entity1 Gelfoam pledgets mixed with @entity4832 ( @entity939 ) particles were used for embolization. Immediate angiographic evidence of hemostasis was demonstrated in all cases. Two initial technical failures were treated with repeat arteriography and embolization. There was no procedure-related @entity204 . There was no non-target embolization. One episode of @entity8 after embolization was treated by nephrectomy and 3 @entity1 underwent elective post-embolization nephrectomy to prevent @entity281 . Follow-up ranged from 1 month to 7 years (mean 31 months). No procedure-related or delayed onset of @entity177 occurred. CONCLUSION: In hemodynamically stable and controlled @entity1 selective and superselective embolization is a safe and effective method for the management of @entity8 .

title: Angiographic findings and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patient', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal abscess', 'Renal arterial injury', 'renal vascular injury', 'Percutaneous renal arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['arterial pedicle rupture']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injury']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'pseudoaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'type of injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['embolotherapy in renal arterial trauma']


abstract: Fat @entity887 (FES) is a serious clinical disorder occurring after @entity130 , orthopedic procedures and rarely in non-traumatic @entity1 . @entity7123 develop in nearly all @entity1 with @entity174 , but they are usually asymptomatic. Small number of @entity1 develop signs and symptoms of @entity881 due to either mechanical obstruction of capillaries by @entity7123 or due to hydrolysis of fat to @entity1718 . A triad of lung, brain and skin involvement develop after an asymptomatic period of 24 to 72 hours. This symptom complex is called FES. The incidence reported is up to 30%, but many mild cases may recover unnoticed. Diagnosis of @entity7123 is clinical with nonspecific, insensitive diagnostic test results. Treatment of fat @entity887 remains supportive and in most cases can be prevented by early fixation of large bone factures. Here we report two cases of @entity7123 , which were diagnosed initially by Gurd's criteria and subsequently confirmed by typical appearance on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain in these @entity1 . These @entity1 were successfully treated with supportive management. In conclusion, diagnosis of FES needs high index of suspicion, exclusion of other conditions and use of clinical criteria in combination with imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain is of great importance in diagnosis and management of these @entity1 .

title: Fat XXXX : clinical and imaging considerations: case report and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity7123 :: ('MESH:D004620', 'Disease') :: ['fat emboli', 'traumatic fat embolism', 'Fat emboli', 'fat embolism']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism syndrome']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['various organ system dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity887 :: (MESH:D004617,Disease) :: ['embolism syndrome']


abstract: @entity900 and @entity3003 cause dose-dependent @entity8 . Electrolyte abnormalities such as hypomagnesaemia and @entity1371 are commonly reported adverse effects, in addition to increased serum @entity1011 and @entity5507 . Cumulative dose, dehydration, @entity4988 , and concurrent use of nephrotoxic drugs have been suggested as risk factors for @entity900 nephrotoxicity. The adverse effects of @entity1260 include proximal @entity8 , and renal wasting of electrolytes, @entity413 and @entity1522 , @entity4434 , @entity11089 and @entity4772 have also been reported with @entity1260 treatment. Risk factors for @entity1260 nephrotoxicity include the cumulative dose, young age, previous or concurrent @entity900 treatment, and unilateral nephrectomy. @entity1260 / @entity3003 / @entity2879 (ICE) combination therapy induces @entity25114 , which frequently includes renal wasting of electrolytes, and persistent @entity25114 has been observed in recurrent or chemotherapy-resistant @entity1 . We retrospectively examined the incidence of @entity25114 and clinical findings in pediatric @entity1 treated with an ICE regimen. Twenty of 28 (71.4%) pediatric @entity1 had @entity25114 . The duration of @entity25114 was longer in the non-remission subgroup of @entity1 , which suggests that @entity25114 may be a predictive marker for prognosis of @entity5 and efficacy of drugs such as @entity1260 , @entity3003 and @entity900 . Nephrotoxicity induced by these drugs may also be more common in pediatric @entity1 than in adults, but it is unclear why a young age is a risk factor and further research is required regarding the mechanism of antineoplastic drug induced-nephrotoxicity in @entity1 .

title: @entity1 's toxicology from bench to bed--Drug-induced @entity8 (2): Nephrotoxicity induced by @entity900 and XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity25114 :: ('MESH:C537757', 'Disease') :: ['hypouricemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['tubular damage', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity4772 :: ('MESH:D010018', 'Disease') :: ['osteomalacia']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['Etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['Ifosfamide', 'ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity4434 :: ('MESH:D005198', 'Disease') :: ['Fanconi syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: Weekly chemotherapy with @entity786 80 mg m-2 day-1 p.o. continuously, @entity1499 35 mg m-2 week-1 i.v., @entity1487 500 mg m-2 week-1 i.v., vincristine 1.4 mg m-2 i.v. every two weeks and @entity617 20 mg m-2 day-1 p.o. continuously (CMFVP) was prospectively studied in 45 previously untreated outpatients with advanced @entity0 to determine the feasibility of delivering a dose-intense regimen. Of 40 evaluable @entity1 , complete response (CR) occurred in one @entity1 , partial response (PR) in 20 (CR + PR 53%), stable in eight, progression in 11 and five were unevaluable for response. The median relapse-free survival for responders was 25 weeks and median survival for all @entity1 was 31 weeks. The mean dose intensity relative to the Cooper regimen fell from 1.02 to 0.6 within the first 4 weeks of treatment and the median dose intensity achieved for all @entity1 on study was only 0.52. Eighty-seven per cent of @entity1 had treatment delays with a mean of 3.9 delays per @entity1 and 71% had dose reductions. @entity1398 was the major @entity137 with WHO grade 3 or 4 @entity1398 (less than 1.0 x 10(9) l-1) in 62% of @entity1 and three septic @entity204 while neutropenic. Dose-intense weekly CMFVP in this schedule cannot be delivered to previously untreated outpatients with advanced @entity0 .

title: Dose-intense weekly @entity786 , @entity1499 , @entity1487 , vincristine and XXXX (CMFP) in advanced @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia', 'neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity617 :: (MESH:D011239,Chemical) :: ['prednisolone']


abstract: The pyloric and gastric mill neural networks in the crustacean @entity4494 receive modulatory inputs from more anteriorly located ganglia via the stomatogastric nerve. In this study we employed @entity18663 backfilling and immunostaining, as well as electron microscopy, to determine the origin of these inputs in the crab, @entity5 . Fiber counts from electron micrographs of sections through the stomatogastric nerve showed that this nerve contains 55-60 medium to large diameter fibers (1-13 microns). These fibers were individually wrapped by several layers of membrane, presumably glial in origin. There was also a single cluster of jointly wrapped, small diameter (< 1 micron) fibers that may originate from peripheral sensory somata. @entity18663 backfills revealed that approximately two thirds of the individually wrapped fibers in this nerve originate from somata in the other three ganglia of the stomatogastric nervous system, including the paired commissural ganglia and the single oesophageal ganglion. There were approximately 20 @entity18663 -labeled somata in each commissural ganglion and 3 somata in the oesophageal ganglion. An additional ten somata were localized to the @entity4494 itself. This accounts for nearly all of the medium to large diameter fibers in the stomatogastric nerve. We used double-labeling with backfills and immunocytochemistry to determine that there are two proctolin-immunoreactive neurons and four @entity12927 -like immunoreactive neurons among the @entity18663 -labeled neurons in each commissural ganglion. Both peptides modulate neural network activity in the @entity4494 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Distribution of modulatory inputs to the @entity4494 of the crab, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer borealis']

entities_list: @entity12927 :: ('MESH:D019835', 'Chemical') :: ['FMRFamide']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['stomatogastric ganglion']

entities_list: @entity18663 :: ('CHEBI:27870', 'Chemical') :: ['biocytin', 'Biocytin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer borealis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Clear cell @entity1358 (CCTPRCC) is a recently described, low-grade subtype of @entity703 . We determined if imaging features could be used to distinguish early-stage CCTPRCC from stage-matched clear cell RCC (ccRCC) and papillary RCC ( @entity35642 ). METHODS: This IRB-approved retrospective study included 54 stage T1a @entity1 with pathologically confirmed CCTPRCC (n  =  18), ccRCC (n  =  18), and @entity35642 (n  =  18). CT (n  =  48) and MRI (n  =  27) exams were reviewed and imaging features compared. Continuous variables were evaluated using ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison tests. Categorical variables were compared using Chi-square test or @entity16043 's exact test. RESULTS: Compared to @entity35642 , CCTPRCC had a lower mean attenuation value on unenhanced CT (p  <  0.017), was more often hyperintense on T2-weighted images (p  <  0.0001), showed an ill-defined margin (p  =  0.003), and demonstrated nonenhancing areas (p  =  0.0003). The presence of all three of these statistically significant features [hypoattenuation (unenhanced attenuation <= 25  HU), ill-defined margin, nonenhancing areas] yielded an area under the receiver operator curve (ROC) of 0.92 (95% CI 0.83-0.99) for differentiating CCTPRCC from @entity35642 . There were no significant differences in the imaging features of CCTPRCC and ccRCC. CONCLUSIONS: Early-stage clear cell @entity1358 can be distinguished from papillary RCC based on low attenuation on unenhanced CT, high intensity on T2-weighted images, an ill-defined margin, and presence of nonenhancing areas, but cannot be distinguished from clear cell RCC.

title: Early-stage clear cell XXXX : imaging features and distinction from clear cell and papillary subtypes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['tubulopapillary renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['tubulopapillary renal cell carcinoma']