abstract: In the past, we had observed that infusion of normal saline into the peritoneal cavity stimulates an inflammatory response. In the present study, we examined what effect the addition of @entity413 to normal saline would have on the peritoneal inflammatory response and change in peritoneal morphology. After catheter implantation, @entity35 were infused intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 3 days with Dianeal 1.36% (Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, U.S.A.). Dialysate samples were collected on day 3 after a 4-hour dwell. Next, @entity35 were exposed to either @entity1219 (n = 7) or @entity1219 with @entity413 250 mmol/L ( @entity367 , n = 7) twice daily for 4 weeks. After 2 weeks and 4 weeks of the study, dialysate samples were collected after a 4-hour dwell to analyze the activity of inflammatory reaction. At the end of the experiment, imprints of peritoneal mesothelium were taken. Control animals (C, n = 6) did not undergo catheter implantation or the dialysis procedure. The inflammatory reaction--cell count, cell differentiation, @entity842 production, protein loss, and @entity657 ( @entity657 ) concentration in dialysate expressed as a percentage of the initial value--did not change during the study in @entity35 exposed to @entity1219 . On the other hand, in @entity367 -treated animals, the protein concentration was decreased after 4 weeks of the study (74% +/- 23%, p < 0.05), as was @entity657 (24% +/- 12%, p < 0.05). The @entity2648 concentration was decreased after 2 weeks (72% +/- 19%; p < 0.05). Intraperitoneal adhesions were found in 6 @entity35 of the @entity1219 group (86%) and in only 4 @entity35 (57%) of @entity367 group. In the @entity1219 @entity35 , a higher density of mesothelial cells was observed (2792 +/- 510 cells/mm2) as compared with @entity367 @entity35 (2028 +/- 561 cells/mm2; p < 0.05) and with control @entity35 (1629 +/- 422 cells/mm2, p < 0.05). The @entity1219 group also showed a higher nucleus: cytoplasm surface ratio (0.25 +/- 0.03) as compared with the @entity367 group (0.18 +/- 0.02, p < 0.01) and with the control group (0.14 +/- 0.01, p < 0.01). Addition of @entity413 to normal saline suppresses the peritoneal inflammatory response and @entity1373 occurring with intraperitoneal infusion of @entity1219 solution alone.

title: XXXX suppresses peritoneal inflammatory reactions and @entity1373 caused by intraperitoneal saline infusion.

entities_list: @entity657 :: ('24770(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1', 'MCP-1']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2648 :: ('MESH:D009573', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrites']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: Pathological laughing and crying is a disorder of emotional expression seen in a number of @entity16 . The aetiology is poorly understood, but clinical descriptions suggest a @entity74 . The goals of this study were: (i) to characterize the subjective, behavioural and physiological emotional reactions that occur during episodes of pathological laughing and crying; (ii) to compare responses during these episodes to those that occur when emotions are elicited under standard conditions (watching sad and amusing emotional films, being startled); and (iii) to examine the ability of @entity1 with this disorder to regulate their emotions under standardized conditions. Twenty-one @entity1 with pathological laughing and crying due to @entity746 and 14 with @entity746 but no pathological laughing and crying were studied. Emotional measures included self-reported emotional experience, video recordings of facial reactivity and peripheral physiological responses (skin conductance, heart rate and somatic activity). Nineteen of the 21 @entity1 with histories of pathological laughing and crying had at least one episode in the laboratory that they agreed constituted pathological laughing or crying (a total of 56 episodes were documented). Compared with viewing sad and amusing films, the episodes were associated with greater facial and physiological activation. Contrary to many clinical descriptions, episodes were often induced by contextually appropriate stimuli and associated with strong experiences of emotion that were consistent with the display. When instructed to regulate their facial responses to emotion-eliciting films, @entity1 with pathological laughing and crying @entity73 compared with @entity1 who did not have a history of this disorder. These findings support the idea that pathological laughing and crying represents activation of all channels of emotional responding (i.e. behavioural, physiological and subjective). Furthermore, they support previously advanced theories that, rather than being associated with general emotional hyperreactivity, this disorder may be due to dysfunction in frontal neural systems that support voluntary regulation of emotion.

title: Behaviour, physiology and experience of pathological laughing and crying in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['showed impairments']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of emotion regulation']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We summarise our experience with RPN emphasising on learning curve, techniques and outcomes. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 57 @entity1 was done. The preoperative workup included a triple phase CT angiography. The parameters analyzed were demographics, @entity5 characteristics, operative details, postoperative outcome, histopathology and follow-up. The data were compared with historical cohort of the @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ). RESULTS: 58 renal units in 57 @entity1 (45 males and 12 females) underwent RPN. The mean age was 53.08    13.6 (30-71) years. The mean @entity5 size was 4.96    2.33 (2-15.5) cm. Average operative time was 129.4    29.9 (70-200) min.; mean warm @entity63 time was 20.9    7.34 (9-39) min. 8 renal units in 7 @entity1 were operated with the zero @entity63 technique. The average follow-up was 5.15 months (1-18). There was no recurrence. 15 @entity1 underwent @entity1625 . The mean @entity5 size was 4.3    1.6 (1.6-8) cm. operative time was 230.7    114.8 (150-300) min.; mean warm @entity63 time was 31.8    9 min. The nephromerty score in the @entity1625 group was 7.1    0.89, in the RPN group was 8.75    1.21. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that prior experience of @entity1625 shortens the learning curve for RPN as seen by shorter warm @entity63 time and operative time in our series. The nephrometry score in RPN were higher suggesting that @entity5 can be managed with robotic approach.

title: Robotic-assisted XXXX : A single centre Indian experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['laparoscopic partial nephrectomy', 'LPN']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['complex tumour', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity1625 :: (MESH:D004828,Disease) :: ['laparoscopic partial nephrectomy']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to examine the short-term effects of using a rollator on functional exercise capacity among individuals with @entity1030 and to characterize which individuals benefit most from its use. DESIGN: Repeated-measures randomized crossover design using the 6-min walk test (6MWT) as the primary outcome measure. SETTING: Respiratory rehabilitation center. @entity1 : Forty stable subjects who had received a diagnosis of @entity1030 . INTERVENTIONS: Two 6MWTs were performed on each study day. One 6MWT was performed unaided, and the other was performed with a rollator. The order was randomized on the first day and reversed on the second day. RESULTS: Use of the rollator was associated with a significant reduction in @entity1353 (p < 0.001) and duration of rest (reduction for the total group, 19 s; and reduction for those who walked < 300 m unaided, 40 s; p = 0.001) during the 6MWT. For subjects who walked < 300 m unaided, there was also a significant improvement in distance walked (p = 0.02). No changes were found for the measures of cardiorespiratory function or gait (p > 0.05). The requirement to rest during an unaided 6MWT was a significant predictor of improved functional exercise capacity with the use of the rollator (p < 0.005). The majority of subjects whose unaided 6MWT distance was < 300 m preferred using the rollator to walking unaided. CONCLUSIONS: Use of a rollator was effective in improving functional exercise capacity by reducing @entity1353 and rest duration among stable individuals with severe @entity1030 . Individuals who walked < 300 m and individuals who required a rest during an unaided 6MWT benefited the most from using a rollator in terms of reduced @entity1353 , reduced rest time, and improved distance walked.

title: The short-term effect of a rollator on functional exercise capacity among individuals with severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography(MECC) have been used to determine @entity11950 in glycyrrhiza preparations. By HPLC, mobile phase was V( @entity1042 ):V(water):V( @entity1543 ) = 75:23.5:1.5. By CZE, experiment was performed with 15 kV power, 0.075 mm i.d. x 800 mm fused- @entity3440 capillary column and UV detector. Samples were injected into the capillary by electromigration injection for 20 s. Absorbance detection was at 254 nm. The running buffer was made up of 0.02 mol/L @entity17500 and borax (pH 9.0). By MECC, the running buffer was made up of 0.025 mol/L @entity3208 ( @entity214 ), 0.02 mol/L @entity17500 and borax (pH 9.0). Each new capillary was washed with 0.1 mol/L @entity6674 , deionized water and buffer, each for 3 min, before use. Comparison of the results of analysis with HPLC, CZE and MECC has been made. It was found that result of MECC was very close to that of HPLC. MECC has been satisfactorily applied to plant drug analysis.

title: [Determination of XXXX in glycyrrhiza preparations with capillary electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography].

entities_list: @entity17500 :: ('MESH:C013216', 'Chemical') :: ['dipotassium hydrogenphosphate']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity11950 :: ('MESH:D019695', 'Chemical') :: ['glycyrrhizic acid']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity11950 :: (MESH:D019695,Chemical) :: ['glycyrrhizic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Fusion of dendritic cells, DCs, with @entity5 cells is an effective approach for delivering @entity5 antigens to DCs, and DC- @entity5 fusion cells are potent stimulators of T cells. However, the integration of allogeneic DC- @entity421 fusion cells has not been fully examined. This study was designed to investigate the antitumor effects of @entity5 vaccine produced by electrofusion between @entity35 @entity421 cells and allogeneic DCs. METHODS: In the present study, we electrofused @entity35 @entity35 bone marrow-derived DCs to SD @entity35 @entity421 cells (UMR106) and purified them by monoclonal antibody OX62 and magnetic beads. Coculture of SD or @entity35 bone marrow derived T lymphocytes with DC- @entity5 fusion cells resulted in activation of T cells, and the proportion of CD8(+), @entity11264 (+) cells was determined using flow cytometry. Then cytotoxic T lymphocytes, CTLs, assay was assessed according to results of @entity98 assay. RESULTS: After T cells were cultured with allogeneic DC- @entity421 fusion cells, DOF, and effective activation of T cells was observed. The proportion of CD8(+) cells in the SD T cell group increases from 34.16% before induction to 74.85%, while that of @entity11264 (+) cells is from 63.35% to 71.75% in @entity35 T cell group. The immunization using allogeneic DC- @entity421 vaccine induced UMR106-specific CTL responses which were statistically significant (P < 0.05) and the cytotoxic activity was inhibited by the treatment with anti-CD8 and anti-MHC-class I monoclonal antibodies but not with anti- @entity11264 and anti-MHC-class II antibodies. CONCLUSION: The present study provided valid evidence of integration of @entity35 allogeneic DCs electrofused with @entity5 cells and analyzed their properties in T cell activation. The fusion cells may thus represent a promising strategy for DC-based immunotherapy of @entity1 with @entity421 .

title: XXXX vaccine produced by electrofusion between @entity421 cell line and dendritic cells in the induction of antitumor immunity.

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Allogeneic tumor']


abstract: The interest in developing @entity78 cement (CPC) as a drug delivery system has risen because of its capability to achieve local and controlled treatment to the site of the @entity79 . The purpose of this study was to investigate the release pattern of drug-carrying @entity4880 -functionalized multi-walled @entity505 nanotube (MWCNT)-reinforced monetite ( @entity29913 , @entity45609 )-based CPC. @entity16626 ( @entity16626 ), a small peptide molecule inhibiting NF-kB-mediated osteoclastic resorption, was used as a model drug. @entity16626 was added into the cement during setting and released into the medium used to culture indicator cells. Significant cell death was observed in osteoblast @entity19 cells cultured in the medium incubated with @entity16626 -loaded CPC; however, with the presence of MWCNTs in the cement, the toxic effect was not detectable. NF-kB activation was quantified using a NF-kB promoter-driving luciferase reporter in @entity1 embryonic kidney 293 cells. The medium collected after incubation with drug-incorporated CPC with or without MWCNT inhibited @entity637 -induced NF-kB activation indicating that the effective amount of @entity16626 was released. CPC/drug complex showed a rapid release within 24h whereas incorporation of MWCNTs attenuated this burst release effect. In addition, suppression of @entity637 -induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW 264.7 cell culture also confirmed the sustained release of MWCNT/CPC/drug. Our data demonstrated the drug delivery capability of this cement composite, which can potentially be used to carry therapeutic molecules to improve bone regeneration in conjunction with its @entity174 stabilizing function. Furthermore, it suggested a novel approach to lessen the burst release effect of the CPC-based drug delivery system by incorporating functionalized MWCNTs.

title: Sustained release of small molecules from @entity505 nanotube-reinforced monetite XXXX cement.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity4880 :: ('CHEBI:33575', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

answer: @entity78 :: (MESH:C020243,Chemical) :: ['calcium phosphate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between outdoor air pollution and the respiratory health of @entity1 aged 8 to 10 years. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey (between October 1993 and December 1993) of @entity1 's health and home environment. Summary measures of particulate pollution (levels of particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 microns [PM10] each 6th day) and SO2 (daily mean and maximum hourly values) were estimated for each area (using air quality monitoring station data from July 1993 to June 1994). SETTING AND SURVEY @entity1 : Parents of 3023 primary school @entity1 (Years 3, 4 and 5) from industrial and non-industrial areas with air quality monitoring stations in the Hunter and Illawarra regions of New South Wales. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Reported occurrence of four or more @entity764 , four or more attacks of wheezing, and night-time cough without a cold for more than two weeks, all within the previous 12 months. RESULTS: 77% response rate, ranging by area from 66% to 88%. The average annual outdoor air pollution for the nine areas was 18.6-43.7 micrograms/m3 for PM10 and 0.16-0.90 parts per hundred million for @entity9734 . The proportion of @entity1 reported to have the main outcome symptoms were: @entity764 , 3.0%-9.7%; night cough, 12.3%-30.5%; and wheeze, 3.4%-11.3%. There was no significant association with SO2, but a significant increase in the odds of symptoms per 10 micrograms/m3 increase in PM10 on @entity764 (odds ratio [OR], 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-1.82) and night-time cough (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.19-1.53), but not wheeze. Passive smoking was significantly associated with @entity764 but not with the other symptoms. Maternal @entity566 was associated with all three respiratory symptoms, most strongly with wheeze. CONCLUSION: These results provide evidence of health effects at lower than expected levels of outdoor air pollution in the Australian setting. They also suggest differences in contributions of environmental and hereditary factors to cough and @entity764 compared with wheeze.

title: Outdoor air pollution and XXXX 's respiratory symptoms in the steel cities of New South Wales.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest colds']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The humoral immune response occurring during @entity281 was analysed with an ELISA test based on antigen 60. With @entity378 , IgM antibodies indicate a primo- @entity281 or a process of reactivation while IgG determinations allow an evaluation of the intensity of the infectious process. The test is also applicable to extrapulmonary @entity378 , provided its sensitivity be adapted to these particular cases. This is particularly clear for @entity1906 . The test is not species-specific and allows the detection of antibodies in atypical mycobacterioses and in @entity1201 @entity1 . The final differentiation must be done by clinical examinations and cultures. In @entity1201 patients, IgM antibodies are detected nearly as frequently as IgG antibodies. In @entity645 -seropositive @entity1 , the A60 seropositivity is correlated with a reactivation of former @entity281 and with primary @entity281 . At the @entity791 stage, the A-60 seropositivity is due to atypical mycobacteria, with a better IgM than IgG response. Healthy @entity1 are negative in serology: the positive cases observed are due to inapparent infections gained by contact with an infectious focus. The seropositive cases observed in non-tuberculous hospitalized @entity1 are restricted to some disease types, @entity358 ( @entity1577 , @entity5 pneumopathies, @entity370 ). Some @entity1 have low levels of antibodies. This anergy may be traced to the formation of immune complexes or else to a weak avidity of the specific antibodies produced. This test should not be considered to be a diagnostic tool by itself. It should be used in conjunction with other diagnostic means that, together, allow the determination of a diagnosis.

title: Clinical usefulness of serological measurements obtained by antigen 60 in XXXX : development of a new concept.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'mycobacterial infections', 'tuberculous infections']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous meningitis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['essentially lung infections']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['mycobacterial infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) correlate with lymphangiogenesis in primary lesions and with lymph node (LN) @entity3 of several @entity5 . However, the association of TAMs in regional LNs with lymphatic spread of @entity5 remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution of TAMs in draining LNs and the impact of TAMs on the establishment of LN @entity3 of @entity356 . METHODS: The number and distribution of TAMs in regional LNs that were obtained from 49 @entity1 who underwent radical surgery for @entity356 at Osaka City University Hospital in 2011 were assessed. TAMs were defined as immunohistochemically CD163 positive cells. The association of the TAM density with lymph node @entity3 and the lymphatic drainage route of the stomach were investigated. RESULTS: A high density of TAMs was significantly associated with pathologically positive lymph nodes and pathological TNM stage. The density of TAMs was increased in LNs with micro @entity3 compared with those without @entity3 . There was a significant, positive correlation between TAM number and lymphatic vessel density in LNs. In nonmetastatic LNs, TAMs were likely to accumulate in the neighborhood of the @entity75 . In addition, the density of TAMs in distant LNs was significantly increased in @entity1 in whom LN @entity3 was observed in perigastric LNs. CONCLUSIONS: Accumulated TAMs may induce lymphangiogenesis and prepare an environment that facilitates @entity5 proliferation in LNs. Our findings might provide a conceptual framework for understanding the lymphatic spreading of @entity5 and for designing future therapeutic strategies for @entity356 .

title: Tumor-Associated Macrophages Extend Along Lymphatic Flow in the Pre-metastatic Lymph Nodes of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the long-term outcome with an @entity955 ( @entity955 ) in @entity1 with recurrent @entity955 ( @entity955 ). BACKGROUND: Maintenance of sinus rhythm using repeated internal @entity1457 has been shown to be effective and safe in short-term studies but long term follow-up is unknown. METHODS: Since 1995, 136 @entity1 (30 @entity1 ) with symptomatic, drug-refractory @entity955 were implanted with an @entity955 (METRIX, InControl). This analysis was performed after a median of 40 (range 7-66) months after implantation. RESULTS: In 26 @entity1 , the programmed mode was not documented during last follow-up, four @entity1 had died. Of the remaining 106 @entity1 (mean age 58+/-10, range 34 - 79 years), 39 were actively delivering therapy with the device, in 14 @entity1 the device was used to monitor the @entity943 but no shocks were delivered, and in 53 @entity1 it was turned off or explanted. Increases in defibrillation thresholds (n=7), @entity1 intolerance of multiple @entity1457 (n=15), and significant @entity1168 requiring dual-chamber pacing (n=12) were the main reasons for discontinuation of therapy in addition to battery depletion (n=19). After explantation, efforts to maintain sinus rhythm were continued in 17 @entity1 whereas rate control was attempted in 36 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: A strategy of maintaining sinus rhythm long-term with an @entity955 is feasible in a proportion of @entity1 . However, @entity1 selection is critical, and technical improvements (i.e. higher shock energies, dual-chamber pacing and additional preventive and anti- @entity591 pacing algorithms) are required to increase the number of @entity1 having long term benefit, and frequent @entity943 recurrences and @entity1 intolerance to repeated @entity1457 remain a major limitation.

title: Treatment of @entity955 with an XXXX --long term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['cardioversion shocks']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF', 'IAD', 'implantable atrial defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['implantable atrial defibrillator']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization estimates that there were 37 million blind @entity1 in 2002 and that the prevalence of @entity1939 was 9% among adults in Africa aged 50 years or older. Recent surveys indicate that this figure may be overestimated, while a survey from southern Sudan suggested that postconflict areas are particularly vulnerable to @entity1939 . The aim of this study was to conduct a Rapid Assessment for Avoidable Blindness to estimate the magnitude and causes of @entity227 in @entity1 aged > or = 50 y in the postconflict area of the Western Province of Rwanda, which includes one-quarter of the population of Rwanda. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Clusters of 50 @entity1 aged > or = 50 y were selected through probability proportionate to size sampling. Households within clusters were selected through compact segment sampling. Visual acuity (VA) was measured with a tumbling "E" chart, and those with VA below 6/18 in either eye were examined by an ophthalmologist. The teams examined 2,206 @entity1 (response rate 98.0%). The unadjusted prevalence of @entity1939 was 1.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2%-2.4%), 1.3% (0.8%-1.7%) for severe @entity227 , and 5.3% (4.2%-6.4%) for @entity227 . Most @entity1939 (65%) was due to @entity231 . Overall, the vast majority of cases of @entity1939 (80.0%), severe @entity227 (67.9%), and @entity227 (87.2%) were avoidable (i.e.. due to @entity231 , @entity2516 , @entity4118 , @entity11738 , or @entity267 ). The @entity231 surgical coverage was moderate; 47% of @entity1 with bilateral @entity231 (VA < 3/60) had undergone surgery. Of the 29 eyes that had undergone @entity231 surgery, nine (31%) had a best-corrected poor outcome (i.e., VA < 6/60). Extrapolating these estimates to Rwanda's Western Province, among the @entity1 aged 50 years or above 2,565 are expected to be blind, 1,824 to have severe @entity227 , and 8,055 to have @entity227 . CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity1939 and @entity227 in this postconflict area in the Western Province of Rwanda was far lower than expected. Most of the cases of @entity1939 and @entity227 remain avoidable, however, suggesting that the implementation of an effective eye care service could reduce the prevalence further.

title: Rapid assessment of avoidable @entity1939 in XXXX in a postconflict setting.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity267 :: ('MESH:D065306', 'Disease') :: ['corneal scar']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract blindness', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral blindness', 'blindness']

answer: @entity1939 :: (MESH:D001766,Disease) :: ['Western Rwanda: blindness']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1614 ( @entity1614 ) is an autosomal dominant connective tissue disease associated with @entity697 ( @entity697 ). We used 2 large registries that include @entity1 with @entity1614 to investigate possible trends in the chronobiology of @entity697 in @entity1614 . We queried the International Registry of Acute @entity1580 (IRAD) and the Genetically Triggered @entity2334 and @entity65 (GenTAC) registry to extract data on all @entity1 with @entity1614 who had suffered an @entity697 . The group included 257 @entity1 with @entity1614 who suffered an @entity697 from 1980 to 2012. The chi-square tests were used for statistical testing. Mean subject age at time of @entity697 was 38  years, and 61% of subjects were @entity1 . @entity697 was more likely in the winter/spring season (November to April) than the other half of the year (57% vs 43%, p  = 0.05). Dissections were significantly more likely to occur during the daytime hours, with 65% of dissections occurring from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. (p  = 0.001). @entity1 were more likely to dissect during the daytime hours (6 a.m. to 6 p.m.) than @entity1 (74% vs 51%, p  = 0.01). These insights offer a glimpse of the times of greatest vulnerability for @entity1 with @entity1614 who suffer from this catastrophic event. In conclusion, the chronobiology of @entity697 in @entity1614 reflects that of @entity697 in the general population.

title: Chronobiology of Acute @entity1580 in the Marfan Syndrome (from the National Registry of Genetically Triggered @entity2334 and @entity65 and the International Registry of Acute XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute aortic dissection', 'AAD']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['MFS', 'Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular Conditions']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic Dissection']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['Aortic Dissection']


abstract: Chronically @entity67 ( @entity67 ) leads can adhere to the tricuspid valve. This study examined the effect of lead extraction, and laser sheath extraction in particular, on @entity997 . Lead extraction was first tried with traction using limited force followed by a laser sheath if not successful. @entity997 before and after extraction was evaluated with transesophageal echocardiography and graded from 0 (none) to 4 (severe). A change in regurgitation was considered clinically relevant if it increased with two grades or more and resulted in at least grade 3 regurgitation. Fifty ventricular leads were extracted in 43 consecutive @entity1 , including 14 @entity67 leads. In 20 @entity1 (group I) leads were removed without a (laser) sheath crossing the tricuspid valve, in 23 @entity1 (group II) leads were extracted with lasing across the valve. The mean time from implant was 43 +/- 43 months and 99 +/- 78 months, respectively, (P = 0.007). @entity997 increased in five (12%) @entity1 . In group I only in one @entity1 the laser failed proximal of the valve and forceful traction was subsequently used, and in group II this occurred in four (17%) @entity1 . This difference did not reach statistical significance even excluding the @entity1 from group I (P = 0.111). The increase of @entity997 cautions against indiscriminate extraction of superfluous leads. There is a trend that when tools like a laser sheath are necessary the chance of tricuspid valve damage increases.

title: Transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of XXXX during pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator lead extraction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implanted ventricular pacing and defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['Tricuspid regurgitation', 'Tricuspid valve regurgitation', 'tricuspid valve regurgitation', 'tricuspid regurgitation']

answer: @entity997 :: (MESH:D014262,Disease) :: ['tricuspid valve regurgitation']


abstract: In this study we assessed the usefulness, healing, as well as the integration to lung tissue of @entity3584 preserved at 0.5% @entity291 pericardium @entity62943 and lyophilized (GPBPL), after reinforced resection of lung tissue in @entity235 by thoracotomy or thoracoscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity62943 and GPBPL were prepared and used to reinforce the suture line of lung resection in 30 mongrel @entity235 : Group I (n = 6): The @entity62943 were fixed on the lung with 4-0 @entity7502 by thoracotomy. Group II (n = 6): The resection and fixed of the @entity62943 were performed with an linear stapler by thoracotomy. Group III (n = 6): The resection and fixed of the GPBPL were performed with an linear stapler by thoracotomy. Group IV (n = 6): The resection and fixed of the @entity62943 strips were performed with a linear stapler by thoracoscopy. Group V: The resection and fixed of the GPBPL strips were performed with a linear stapler by thoracoscopy. Clinico-radiological evaluation was done until euthanasia of all animals at week 8 postop. Progressive insufflation up to 40 cm @entity2507 of airway pressure was done to evaluated resistance of the heal in the suture line reinforced. Macroscopic, and microscopic examination of the @entity62943 , GPBPL and lung were evaluated. RESULTS: All animals survived the surgical procedure and study time (8 weeks). No airleaks were evident at any time during the study including the insufflation test. Macroscopic examination of the @entity62943 and GPBPL showed good adaptation to the lung tissue. Microscopically all animals presented @entity446 with deposition of fibrotic tissue layer on the @entity62943 and GPBPL. CONCLUSION: @entity62943 and GPBPL are an adequate materials to reinforce lung staple line, when resection of lung tissue was performed in @entity235 by thoracotomy or thoracoscopy.

title: [Evaluation of the use of XXXX pericardium in non-anatomical lung resections in @entity235 ].

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity446 :: ('MESH:C563468', 'Disease') :: ['good healing']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: A69 -year-old female with advanced @entity1086 underwent cholecystectomy, S4a/S5 segmentectomy of the liver, and resection of the extra-hepatic bile duct in October 2005. Adjuvant chemotherapy consisted of @entity136 (GEM)and tegafur- @entity5537 (UFT)administered consecutively. Four years after surgery, computed tomography revealed a single enlarged lymph node in the @entity6830 , along with @entity419 accumulation and increased carcinoembryonic antigen ( @entity787 )levels. Therefore, the mediastinal lymph node was considered to be a @entity3 and GEM was readministered. Although the @entity1 was treated with GEM for 1 year, the accumulation of @entity419 in the lymph node remained elevated. No other distant metastases were detected. Abronchoscopic biopsy histologically confirmed @entity3079 in the lymph node. Thus, the mediastinal lymph node was resected. Post-surgery, there was no evidence of recurrence during the 30-month follow up period without chemotherapy. Herein, we report a successful case of surgical treatment for solitary mediastinal lymph node @entity3 of @entity1086 and review the relevant literature.

title: [A case of advanced @entity1086 with XXXX lymph node @entity3 successfully treated with multimodality therapy].

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity6830 :: ('MESH:D008479', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinum']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity6830 :: (MESH:D008479,Disease) :: ['mediastinum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in platelet-associated genes partly explain inherent variability in platelet counts. @entity1 with monoallelic @entity3742 due to the Bolzano mutation (GPIBA @entity44497 ) have variable platelet counts despite a common mutation for unknown reasons. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effect of the most common SNP ( @entity65459 ) in the hematopoietic-specific tubulin isotype b-1 in these @entity3742 @entity1 and potential microtubule-based mechanisms of worsened @entity882 . @entity1 /METHODS: Ninety-four monoallelic Bolzano mutation @entity1 were evaluated for the @entity65459 b-1 SNP and had platelet counts measured by three methods; the @entity23388 SNP was also evaluated. To investigate possible mechanisms underlying this association, we used molecular modeling of b-1 tubulin with and without the @entity65459 SNP. We transfected SNP or non-SNP b-1 tubulin into MCF-7 and CMK cell lines and measured microtubule regrowth after @entity10612 -induced depolymerization. RESULTS: We found that @entity1 with at least one @entity65459 SNP allele had significantly worse @entity882 ; manual platelet counting revealed a median platelet count of 124 in non-SNP @entity1 and 76 in SNP @entity1 (both *10(9)   L(-1) ; P  <  0.01). The @entity23388 SNP had no significant association with platelet count. Molecular modeling suggested a structural relationship between the @entity65459 SNP and microtubule stability via alterations in the M-loop of b tubulin; in vitro microtubule recovery assays revealed that cells transfected with @entity65459 SNP b-1 had significantly impaired microtubule recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that the @entity65459 SNP is significantly associated with the degree of @entity882 in congenital and acquired @entity1423 , and may affect platelets by altering microtubule behavior.

title: b-1 tubulin @entity65459 SNP alters microtubule dynamics and affects severity of a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3742 :: ('MESH:D001606', 'Disease') :: ['Bernard Soulier syndrome', 'Bernard Soulier']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet disorders']

entities_list: @entity23388 :: ('p|SUB|Q|43|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Q43P']

entities_list: @entity10612 :: ('MESH:D015739', 'Chemical') :: ['nocodazole']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['hereditary thrombocytopenia']


abstract: The Neoadjuvant response index (NRI) has been proposed as a simple measure of downstaging by neoadjuvant treatment in @entity0 . It was previously found to predict @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in @entity549 ( @entity549 ) @entity0 . It was at least as accurate as the standard binary system, the absence or presence of a pathological complete remission (pCR), which is the commonly employed outcome measure. The NRI was evaluated in an independent consecutive series of @entity1 to validate the previous findings. Univariable and multivariable analyses were done to assess the predictive value of clinical parameters and of the NRI for @entity1349 . We combined the original and validation series of @entity1 to build a multivariable predictive model for @entity1349 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in @entity0 . The validation set (N = 108) confirmed that @entity1 with a higher-than-median NRI (>0.7) had excellent @entity1349 (P = 0.002), similar to that of @entity1 who had achieved a pCR. Multivariable analysis in 191 @entity1 showed that the NRI was a strong independent predictor of @entity1349 (P = 0.0002), with N-stage (P = 0.001) and T-stage (P = 0.014) ranking second and third, respectively. Importantly, among @entity1 who did not achieve a pCR (NRI values below 1), higher NRI values were still associated with better @entity1349 . The NRI is a simple method and a practical tool to predict @entity1349 in @entity0 @entity1 treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. It adds prognostic information to the presence or absence of pCR and could be useful to compare the efficacies of different chemotherapy regimens.

title: The prognostic value of the neoadjuvant response index in @entity549 XXXX : validation and comparison with pathological complete response as outcome measure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity549 :: ('MESH:D064726', 'Disease') :: ['triple-negative', 'TN']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['TN breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Although laparoscopic appendectomy for @entity698 is feasible and safe, its application to @entity698 is uncertain. A retrospective study of all @entity1 with @entity698 from 1992 to 1999 in a university hospital was performed. A series of 231 @entity1 were diagnosed as having @entity698 . Of these @entity1 , 85 underwent laparoscopy (LA), among whom 40 (47%) required conversion to an open procedure. An @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) was performed in 146 @entity1 . The operating time was similar for the two groups. Return of fluid and solid diet intake were faster in LA than @entity1538 @entity1 (p < 0.01). @entity86 including wound @entity281 and @entity6177 occurred in 14% of @entity1 in the laparoscopy group and in 26% of those with @entity1538 (p < 0.05). The surgeon's experience correlated with the conversion rate. Laparoscopic appendectomy is associated with a high conversion rate for @entity698 . If successful, it offers @entity1 faster recovery and less risk of @entity166 .

title: Laparoscopic appendectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open appendectomy', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['perforated appendicitis', 'uncomplicated appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal abscesses']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative infections']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['perforated appendicitis']


abstract: 1. When intracellular recordings were made from the antral region of @entity840 stomach, cells with different patterns of electrical activity were detected. 2. One group of cells, slow-wave cells, generated slow waves which consisted of initial and secondary components. When filled with either Lucifer Yellow or neurobiotin, the cells identified as smooth muscle cells lying in the circular muscle layer. 3. A second group of cells, driving cells, generated large, rapidly rising, potential changes, driving potentials. They had small cell bodies with several processes. With @entity11480 , a network of cells was visualized that resembled c-kit positive interstitial cells of the myenteric region. 4. A third group of cells generated sequences of potential changes which resembled driving potentials but had smaller amplitudes and slow rates of rise. These cells resembled smooth muscle cells lying in the longitudinal muscle layer. 5. When simultaneous recordings were made from the driving and slow-wave cells, driving potentials and slow waves occurred synchronously. Current injections indicated that both cell types were part of a common electrical syncytium. 6. The initial component of slow waves persisted in low concentrations of @entity5834 , but the secondary component was abolished; higher concentrations shortened the duration of the residual initial component. Driving potentials continued in the presence of low concentrations of @entity5834 ; moderate concentrations of @entity5834 shortened their duration. 7. Hence three different types of cells were distinguished on the basis of their electrical activity, their responses to @entity5834 and their structure. These were smooth muscle cells, lying in the longitudinal and circular layers, and interstitial cells in the myenteric region. The observations suggest that interstitial cells initiate slow waves.

title: Identification of rhythmically active cells in XXXX stomach.

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity11480 :: ('MESH:C070614', 'Chemical') :: ['neurobiotin']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: Many studies have associated chromosomal deletions in the 16q24 region with @entity1 @entity5 , including @entity157 . A more limited region around the microsatellite D16S402 has been shown implicated in the metastatic @entity157 , @entity263 , and @entity3969 . It is likely that one or more @entity5 suppressor genes are located in this 16q24 area. We used SYBR Green reagents to quantify, by real-time quantitative RT-PCR, the production of mRNA for 13 genes mapping to 16q24. The locations of these genes were determined from published @entity1 genome sequencing data. We studied mRNA levels in 10 @entity96 tissues, 10 nontumor liver tissues, five @entity157 cell lines, and in isolated hepatocytes. Results were compared with those for loss of heterozygosity observed in the D16S402 region and recurrence. No down-regulation was observed in @entity5 tissues. Two genes were consistently overexpressed: @entity66536 and @entity20197 . @entity20197 , which functions in cell-cell adhesion, seems to be involved in @entity409 . However, no relationship was observed between the expression of this gene and changes in the D16S402 microsatellite or @entity5 recurrence. None of the other genes tested seemed to be a good candidate for a major @entity5 suppressor gene in @entity409 . Our results suggest that additional unknown genes involved in @entity105 are located in the 16q24 area.

title: Investigation in liver tissues and cell lines of the transcription of 13 genes mapping to the 16q24 region that are frequently deleted in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumors"]

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma', 'spread of hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity302 ( @entity302 ) has gained popularity due to its cosmetic benefit, and therefore, has been applied to several kinds of benign operations, such as appendectomy and cholecystectomy. The safety and suitability of @entity302 for @entity694 has not been widely proved. We aimed at validating the safety, efficacy, and short-term quality of life (QOL) of @entity302 compared with @entity7617 ( @entity7617 ) in @entity1 with @entity694 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between June 2010 and April 2011, a total of 62 @entity1 with pathology-proven @entity694 were randomly allocated to two groups: @entity302 and @entity7617 . Data were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS: In total, there were 62 @entity1 (35 @entity1 and 27 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 63.0 years (range, 38-82). The baseline characteristics of the @entity1 and @entity5 factors were well balanced between two groups. The operation time and estimated @entity190 were similar, whereas @entity3816 only occurred in three @entity1 , all of whom were in the @entity302 group. Conversion to @entity7617 or open surgery occurred in 6 (19.4%) @entity1 of the @entity302 group. The number of harvested lymph nodes and length of proximal and distal resection margins were not statistically different between two groups. @entity260 and recovery of bowel function were similar in both groups, but fatal @entity260 occurred in one case in the @entity302 group. The QOL between two groups was identical in all domains until postoperative 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity302 for @entity694 is feasible and can be performed by following oncologic principles. However, surgeons should be aware of the potential for unexpected adjacent organ injury (ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT01203969).

title: Single-Port Laparoscopic Surgery Can Be Performed Safely and Appropriately for XXXX : Short-Term Results of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity7617 :: ('MESH:C563514', 'Disease') :: ['conventional laparoscopic surgery', 'CLS']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications', 'postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Single-port laparoscopic surgery', 'SPLS']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative complications']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colon Cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Incisional @entity547 surgery in Germany is changing from conventional techniques to mesh implantation. The relevance of different factors such as surgical technique, mesh material, and @entity1 -related parameters concerning the outcome following mesh repair is still under debate. METHODS: In a comparative retrospective study of 432 incisional @entity547 operations on 348 @entity1 we analyzed 11 autodermic hernioplasties, 241 Mayo procedures,and 180 mesh repairs over a 25-year time period. In addition to the quality of life following mesh implantation,the prognostic relevance of demographic, pre- and intraoperative parameters, surgical technique, mesh material, and the surgeon's experience were subjected to both univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: With a mean follow-up of 9.7+/-8.8 years, the rate of major complications following mesh repair was 9% in contrast to 3% after the Mayo procedure (p=0.091). The sublay technique revealed @entity532 compared to the onlay procedure (p=0.016). The total recurrence rate following the overlapping Mayo repair was 37% in contrast to 15% after mesh implantation (p=0.001), with a significant superiority of the sublay technique over the inlay technique (p=0.043). The rate of recurrences and complications after autodermic hernioplasty was 72% and 36%,respectively. After mesh repair, 86% of the @entity1 were better satisfied with the results after Marlex mesh compared to GoreTex (p=0.016). Mesh size was the only significant prognostic factor concerning quality of life following mesh implantation. The complication rate was determined significantly by the @entity1 ' risk factors, size of @entity547 , surgical technique, and the surgeon's experience, whereas the rate of recurrences was significantly influenced by the parameters @entity28 (BMI >25), size of @entity547 ,and surgical experience. The recurrence rate decreased significantly with the surgeon's experience: a minimum of 16 mesh repairs led to a recurrence rate of less than 10%. CONCLUSIONS: Only the mesh repair revealed acceptable recurrence rates with high @entity1 comfort. The sublay technique is superior to onlay concerning the complication rate, whereas the autodermic hernioplasty and inlay techniques are obsolete. The material of choice is @entity7502 . The most important prognostic factor following mesh repair is the surgeon's experience.

title: [Twenty-five years of experience in incisional @entity547 surgery. A comparative retrospective study of 432 incisional XXXX repairs].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['less complications']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Vocal cysts with fold @entity194 often result in more severe @entity337 than @entity45 along during phonation. Although total excision or marsupialisation are reliable treatments for vocal fold cysts, any post-operative vocal deficit with significant glottal gap will need further treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of combined treatment consisting of marsupialisation of the cyst immediately followed by @entity10874 muscle transposition laryngoplasty. METHOD: Under direct laryngomicroscopy, microscissors were used to make a disc-shaped incision encircling the equator of the cyst. After marsupialisation of the cyst, a simultaneous medialisation laryngoplasty with @entity10874 muscle transposition was performed. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 with @entity45 and marked vocal fold @entity194 were included in the study. After surgery, subjective improvement in voice quality was reported by all @entity1 . @entity1 ' @entity337 and vocal performance were markedly improved. CONCLUSION: Marsupialisation is a simple and effective surgical technique for vocal fold cysts. For cases of @entity45 with marked vocal fold @entity194 , marsupialisation followed by medialisation laryngoplasty with @entity10874 muscle transposition may be considered.

title: Marsupialisation and XXXX muscle transposition laryngoplasty for @entity45 with vocal fold @entity194 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['vocal cysts']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['glottal incompetence']

answer: @entity10874 :: (11171,Gene) :: ['strap']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Older @entity1 have suffered from loss of weight since the dawn of history. This research is unique in character, as it combines contemporary medical knowledge with the presentation of a case taken from Ancient History. OBJECTIVE: To analyze from a modern perspective the biblical description of a geriatric @entity1 who suffered from @entity353 . METHODS: Biblical texts associated with the aged were examined and passages relating to geriatric @entity1 who suffered from loss of weight were closely studied. This study is based on the evaluation of the biblical passages, and not on the interpretations of various rabbis and scholars. RESULTS: Passages such as: ". I forget to eat my bread" and "My knees are weak through @entity4053 ; and my flesh failed of fatness" and ". my bones cleave to my skin" indicate @entity448 , @entity4053 , extreme loss of weight, and subsequent @entity3085 . Among the numerous causes associated with @entity353 , @entity5 , social problems such as loneliness, social isolation and neglect by others, and psychological causes including depressed mood were most likely responsible. With regard to @entity5 , it seems that the King was affected by primary @entity263 with subsequent metastases to bones. CONCLUSION: This report demonstrates that the roots of geriatric medicine can be traced to biblical times.

title: The disease that caused XXXX in King David the Great.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the prostate or kidney']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: Reports indicate @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) and @entity344 can occur after pediatric liver transplantation. The incidence of these conditions, potential risk factors, and the impact of @entity1897 and @entity344 on liver transplant outcome were determined in this pediatric liver transplant program. Medical records of liver transplant recipients from 1 to 97 and from 12 to 99 were reviewed. Fifty-seven transplants on 54 @entity1 were performed during the study period. Fifty-three @entity1 were evaluated; all had normal pre-transplantation peripheral eosinophil counts. @entity1897 of > 10% developed in 28% of @entity1 . Using this definition, all such identified @entity1 had absolute eosinophil counts of > 350/mm3. History of immediate @entity56 did not differ between @entity1 with or without @entity1712 . Gastrointestinal endoscopy and biopsy was performed in 23 @entity1 with @entity344 . Of those, six had @entity14761 and all six had @entity1897 . Compared with @entity1 without @entity1712 , those with @entity1897 were younger at the time of transplantation (p < 0.05), had more frequent rejection (p < 0.01), were more commonly managed with @entity1140 -based immunosuppression (p < 0.001), and experienced more frequent episodes of detectable EBV viral load (p < 0.04). @entity1 with @entity14761 were more frequently retransplanted (p < 0.006). @entity1897 associated with symptomatic @entity14761 is common after pediatric liver transplantation. Age at transplant, frequency of rejection episodes, @entity1140 -based immunosuppression, and EBV viral load may be associated with the development of this condition. There may be higher rates of graft loss in such @entity1 . Whether innate immune responsiveness or an acquired immune dysregulation accounts for these findings merits further evaluation.

title: Peripheral XXXX and @entity14761 after pediatric liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal eosinophilic inflammation', 'gastrointestinal complaints']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral eosinophilia', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity14761 :: ('MESH:C535952', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic gastroenteritis']

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['eosinophilia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To correlate leakage patterns in @entity941 angiography (FA) images and retinal morphologic features in high-definition optical coherence tomography ( @entity2033 OCT) images in @entity1103 . DESIGN: Prospective pilot study and case series. @entity1 : Nine consecutive @entity1 (10 eyes) with @entity1103 . METHODS: All @entity1 were examined using FA ( @entity5451 2; Heidelberg Engineering) and @entity2033 OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec; resolution, 512x128 pixels, 5.8x5.8 mm, and high-resolution scans consisting of 4096 A scans) on the same day. Using Adobe Photoshop (CS2 Version 9.0; Adobe Systems Incorporated, San Jose, CA) a grid containing 15x7 fields was superimposed on the @entity2033 OCT en face image and a late-phase FA image according to retinal landmarks. In each @entity1 , a standardized analysis of 105 subfields was performed to provide a characterization of the type of vascular leakage in FA and the associated retinal morphologic changes in corresponding locations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Angiographic leakage type and structural alteration in retinal morphologic features in OCT. RESULTS: There was a high consistency between FA and OCT in the petaloid pattern of hyperfluorescence that correlated with the presence of large cystic spaces in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and the outer plexiform layer (OPL) with or without subretinal fluid in 30.4% and 69.6% of graded fields, respectively. A honeycomblike pattern of hyperfluorescence was associated with swelling and cystic spaces in ONL, OPL, the inner nuclear, and the inner plexiform layer in 71.4% of graded fields. Diffuse patterns of hyperfluorescence did not correlate with characteristic retinal changes in @entity2033 OCT, but rather showed diversity in the type of morphologic alteration. The presence of central fluid pooling, such as subretinal fluid, could be identified only by @entity2033 OCT and not by FA. CONCLUSIONS: In the examined @entity1 , a petaloid pattern and a honeycomb pattern of hyperfluorescence observed in FA were found to correlate to characteristic changes in @entity2033 OCT, whereas a diffuse leakage pattern was associated with nonuniform changes in retinal morphologic features. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

title: A systematic correlation of angiography and high-resolution optical coherence tomography in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic macular edema']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['diabetic macular edema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 presents a severe adversity that calls on intrinsic strength factors such as resilience. @entity0 is especially common among older @entity1 . Understanding the interaction between the mechanisms of resilience and the psychosocial impact of @entity5 requires consideration of developmental age. OBJECTIVE: This research explores resilience from the point of view of older @entity1 who recently completed treatment for @entity0 . METHODS: Constructivist grounded theory directed data collection and analysis of 31 personal, semistructured interviews with 18 @entity1 aged 70 to 94 years. RESULTS: Faced with overcoming the adversity of a first @entity5 experience, @entity1 rebounded and restored balance to their lives with a sense that they did the work of managing @entity5 with self-efficacy and autonomy. Resilience was evidenced as a multidimensional process containing a natural interaction of attributes. Self-reliance, optimism, and persevering were embedded in @entity1 interconnectedness. CONCLUSIONS: The process of @entity5 survivorship was positioned in the larger picture of the joys and hardships of having lived a long life. The core self continued through these changing times, connecting the past, present, and anticipated future, as exemplified by "I'm still here." Regaining balance required tenacity, pragmatism, and dedication to do the work that needed to be done to treat @entity5 and move on with life. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Resilience is a valuable resource in strength-based approaches in healthcare. Practical examples for clinicians who follow a strength-based approach to promote adaptation for the continuing challenges of @entity0 survivorship among older @entity1 include acknowledging unique individual expressions of resilience. Gero-oncology is a salient field for multidisciplinary teams who seek to study resilience.

title: "I'm Still Here": Resilience Among Older Survivors of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'human']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'early-stage breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity1669 , including @entity2743 and @entity2621 , have marked @entity2617 in their thyroid glands. We examined the gene for the variable regions of the @entity7722 of the @entity1 T-cell receptor (the V alpha gene) in @entity1619 cells to determine whether the infiltration is a secondary heterogeneous immune response or a more restricted, and therefore primary and presumably pathogenetic, reaction to thyroid autoantigens. METHODS: We used the polymerase chain reaction to detect small numbers of T cells expressing the variable region of the V alpha gene. Different oligonucleotides were used to amplify complementary DNA for the 18 known families of the V alpha gene in @entity1619 cells from 9 @entity1 with @entity1669 . We compared the findings with the results in @entity1 with @entity1374 as well as those in normal subjects. RESULTS: We found marked restriction in the expression of T-cell-receptor V alpha genes by T cells from the thyroid tissue of @entity1 with @entity1669 . An average of only 5 of the 18 V alpha genes were expressed in such samples, as compared with 17 V alpha genes expressed in peripheral-blood T cells from the same @entity1 . No such restriction was found in thyroid tissue from @entity1 with @entity1374 . The predominantly expressed V alpha genes differed from @entity1 to @entity1 , however, with no clear association with the type of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Intrathyroidal T-cell accumulation in @entity1669 is highly restricted and points to the primacy of T cells in causing @entity1374 . These results present the possibility of using antibodies to the T-cell receptor for the specific inhibition of abnormal T-cell function in @entity1669 .

title: Evidence of limited variability of antigen receptors on XXXX cells in @entity1669 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['intrathyroidal T']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease', 'autoimmune thyroid diseases']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['nonautoimmune thyroid disease', 'thyroid disorders']

answer: @entity1619 :: (MESH:D015458,Disease) :: ['intrathyroidal T']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: From November 24 to December 10, 2013, the Chinese @entity1 's Liberation Army Navy [PLA(N)] hospital @entity2708 Peace @entity14029 was deployed to the Leyte Gulf in the Philippines to provide humanitarian medical relief in Tacloban after Typhoon Haiyan. The purpose of this study was to assess the radiological services aboard the @entity2708 to provide guidance for future missions. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on a cohort of 109 @entity1 who underwent digital radiography (DR) and 59 @entity1 who underwent computed tomography (CT) scans during a 16-day period during a humanitarian medical relief mission to the Philippines. @entity1 demographics, DR findings, and CT findings were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age of the 109 DR @entity1 was 39.7 years for the 64 males and 43.7 years for the 45 females. A total of 148 DR examinations were performed of the chest (n=109), extremities (n=35), and spine (n=4). The mean age of the 59 CT @entity1 was 43.8 years for the 32 males and 49.1 years for the 27 females. A total of 72 CT scans were performed of the head and neck (n=36), thorax (n=24), abdomen (n=5), spine (n=4), and extremities (n=3). The imaging findings mainly included disaster-related and non-disaster-related @entity174 , @entity1907 , @entity358 , acute @entity4798 , @entity2075 , and occupying lesions. CONCLUSION: Analysis of radiological services during a humanitarian medical relief mission to the Philippines provided meaningful information for future humanitarian medical relief missions. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;0:1-4).

title: Radiology on Board the PLA(N) Peace @entity14029 Hospital XXXX During a Humanitarian Medical Relief Mission to the Philippines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient', 'People']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity2075 :: ('MESH:D020198', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hematoma']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity2708 :: (3635,Gene) :: ['Ship']


abstract: The @entity6237 test is widely used in @entity1789 . However, its reproducibility and safety remain ill-defined. This study included 22 @entity1 (18 @entity1 , mean age 34 years). Mutations in the @entity1788 gene were found in eight @entity1 . Two @entity1 had aborted @entity1164 , 8 had @entity1163 /presyncope, and 12 were asymptomatic. The ECG was diagnostic in 19 @entity1 and suggestive in 3. At baseline, 21 of 22 @entity1 underwent a @entity6237 test (2 mg/kg IV bolus over 10 minutes). In 21 of 21 @entity1 the test was diagnostic or amplified the typical ECG pattern. At the end of drug infusion, sustained VT lasting 7-10 minutes developed in two @entity1 . A second @entity6237 test was performed within 2 months in 20 @entity1 . The test was not repeated in the two @entity1 with prior development of VT. The @entity6237 test was diagnostic in 20 of 20 @entity1 . Sustained VT occurred in one @entity1 and recurrent VF in another. The reproducibility of the @entity6237 test was 100%. In 4 (18%) of 22 @entity1 major VAs were documented after the end of @entity6237 infusion. VA occurred in 3 (43%) of 7 @entity1 with, versus 1 (7%) 15 without @entity1788 gene mutation (P < 0.05). No diagnostic ECG changes or @entity943 developed in 25 control @entity1 without structural @entity299 who underwent the same study protocol. This study shows a high @entity6237 reproducibility, supporting its diagnostic value in @entity1789 . However, the occurrence of major VA, significantly higher in @entity1 with documented @entity1788 gene mutation, including in asymptomatic @entity1 , mandates the performance under appropriate medical supervision. Whether a slower rate of drug infusion can lower the risk of VA induction, while maintaining the sensitivity of the test should be explored.

title: @entity6237 test in XXXX : a reproducible but risky tool.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1789 :: ('MESH:D053840', 'Disease') :: ['Brugada syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['flecainide']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1789 :: (MESH:D053840,Disease) :: ['Brugada syndrome']


abstract: Many mechanisms are implicated in the aetiology of @entity63 @entity67 . It could be acute or chronic. Chronic forms are due to post- @entity63 state. In this case we can observe left @entity67 due to @entity296 or associated with hibernation. It is very important to recognise last point because it's reversible after coronary revascularization. Acute @entity1002 are essentially due to @entity209 inducing left ventricular adiastoly. In this particular case, when we evaluate the function at distance of the acute episode it could be normal. This particular state is important to be recognised and the indication of coronarography angiography will confirm the diagnosis. Many techniques are available to detect myocardial viability it's essentially radionuclide techniques and echocardiography with @entity452 and also MRI. This last method has the advantage to cumulate the detection of tissular viability and functional viability.

title: [Cardiac insufficiency of XXXX origin].

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolism abnormality']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The use of a @entity616 in laparoscopic surgery in @entity1 is limited to minor procedures like @entity169 , and intravenous opioids remain the analgesic modality of choice in major laparoscopic surgery. However, a @entity616 is frequently performed at our institute even for laparoscopic surgery. Therefore, we planned to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of caudal @entity1341 and @entity1286 in major laparoscopic surgery as compared to intravenous opioids. Our hypothesis was that a single-shot @entity616 would increase the duration of @entity1337 and minimize the hemodynamic response to @entity516 . After institutional ethics committee clearance, data were collected for 65 ASA I-II @entity1 aged 6  months to 12  years who underwent laparoscopic surgery in the last 14 months. Demographic, surgical, and perioperative anesthetic and analgesic data were noted and analyzed. Twenty-four @entity1 received a @entity616 with 0.25  % @entity1341 (1-1.25  ml/kg) with @entity1286 (30-50  mcg/kg). In the caudal group, the time to first analgesic request was increased (165 vs. 45  min; p  =  0.00) and @entity591 response to port site incision was less observed (33 vs. 63  % @entity1 ; p  =  0.019). Hemodynamic response to @entity516 was equal in both of the groups. Single-shot caudal injection of local anesthetic with @entity1286 reduces port site skin incision response and increases the duration of postoperative @entity1337 but fails to prevent hemodynamic response to @entity516 .

title: Caudal @entity1341 and XXXX provides effective postoperative @entity1337 but does not prevent hemodynamic response to @entity516 for major laparoscopic surgeries in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['caudal block']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the short-term efficiency of mandibular manipulation technique combined with exercise therapy and splint treatment of acute anterior @entity1348 disc displacement without reduction (ADDW), and @entity1348 disc-condyle relationship by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: Forty-four @entity1 (37 females, 7 males) were diagnosed as acute ADDW and confirmed by MRI. All @entity1 underwent mandibular manipulation, combined with exercise therapy, including jaw movement exercise, stabilization exercise, disc reposition exercise, and splint treatment. Anterior repositioning splint was wore only at night during sleep, while the mandible was kept in rest position during the day. The treatment was continued for 2 weeks. The baseline and endpoint outcome assessment measures were maximum active mouth opening, visual analogue scale (VAS) score of @entity158 . Consecutive MRI was performed 1~3 months after treatment. SPSS 17.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Two weeks after treatment, the @entity1 ' maximum active mouth opening increased from(22.6  6.1) mm to (43.9  3.3) mm, VAS score of @entity158 decreased from 3.6  1.5 to 0.7  0.25. After treatment of 4.6  4.7 weeks on average, 20 @entity1 (46%) displayed normal dis-condyle relationship, 16 @entity1 (36%) had displacement with reduction, and 8 @entity1   18%) had displacement without reduction on MRI. CONCLUSIONS: Mandibular manipulation technique combined with exercise therapy and splint treatment seems to be useful in the treatment of anterior @entity1348 disc displacement with reduction, which can help to maintain the complete anatomic disc-condyle relationship.

title: [Mandibular manipulation technique followed by exercise therapy and occlusal splint for treatment of acute anterior XXXX disk displacement without reduction].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'TMJ pain']

answer: @entity1348 :: (MESH:D013706,Disease) :: ['TMJ']


abstract: CONTEXT: Establishing a near perfect surgical field during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is essential and even a minor bleeding can severely compromise an already restricted view. So, if controlled @entity551 can be provided without compromising the safety of @entity1 by a relatively effortless method, surgical field can be improved greatly. AIMS: The aim of this study was to compare the hemodynamic changes and surgical conditions during FESS following oral premedication with @entity1338 and @entity1406 . SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A total of 40 @entity1 undergoing FESS were included in this prospective, randomized controlled study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: @entity1 were divided into two equal groups. Group A @entity1 were premedicated with oral @entity1338 300 mcg and Group B with oral @entity1406 50 mg, 2 h before surgery. All @entity1 received @entity3575 2 mcg/kg and induced with @entity1875 2 mg/kg. Intubation was done following @entity3369 1 mg/kg. Anesthesia was maintained with 66% @entity3727 , 33% O2 and 1% @entity5161 . The @entity551 (BP) were measured before induction and thereafter every 15 min up to 2 h. The surgeons were asked to estimate the quality of the operative field using a pre-defined category scale with scores 1-5. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Difference within the groups was analyzed using analysis of variance and post-hoc test was used to test the difference between individual groups. Chi-square test was used to find out the association between categorical variables. RESULTS: Comparison of category scale revealed a lower score in Group A up to 60 min. Group B @entity1 showed a statistically lower HR from pre-induction up to 90 min while systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP) and mean arterial pressure did not show a significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: Oral premedication with 300 mcg of @entity1338 produced a better operative field than oral @entity1406 50 mg during FESS.

title: A comparison of effects of oral premedication with XXXX and @entity1406 on intraoperative hemodynamics and surgical conditions during functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension', 'heart rate (HR) and blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1338 :: (MESH:D003000,Chemical) :: ['clonidine']


abstract: In this prospective study we investigated the absolute accuracy of the conventional simulation in head and @entity5 . 41 isocenters in 40 consecutive @entity1 with @entity5 of the head and skull base were included. In all cases a rigid stereotactic mask system was used for non-invasive fixation. The stereotactic ("calculated") coordinates of the isocenter were defined by the treatment planning computer. Each @entity1 underwent a physical simulation using exclusively anatomical reference points to define the "preliminary" isocenter. The displacement between its coordinates and those of the stereotactic target point was recorded in X-, Y- and Z-direction with help of the targeting device, and the spatial error was calculated. Additionally, the @entity1 were stratified by basal or calvarial @entity5 site to estimate the importance of the basal bone structures in the simulation accuracy. The influence of the learning effect on simulation accuracy was also determined. The results showed an accuracy of set-up at the linac within 1 mm in all three directions as calculated from orthogonal portal films. Mean shift of the isocenter coordinates obtained from physical simulation compared to the calculated stereotactic coordinates was 2.15 mm, 2.54 mm, and 2.69 mm for X-, Y-, and Z-direction, respectively. Mean spatial displacement amounted 5.06 mm, and the median was 4.50 mm. No significant difference could be noted between basal and calvarial location of the isocenter. A significant "learning effect" was observed with a decrease in spatial shift with increasing @entity1 numbers. This effect was stronger in basal lesions, whereas @entity75 showed only a minor, insignificant effect. In conclusion, a physical simulation requires a safety margin of 5 mm in @entity343 definition in addition to other factors, e.g. organ movement.

title: Assessment of the accuracy of a conventional simulation for radiotherapy of head and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'skull base tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['calvarial lesions']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['skull base tumors']


abstract: CONTEXT: The management of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) is challenging, with high rates of readmission and no single solution. MaineHealth, a health care system serving southern Maine, has shown initial success with home health nurses partnering with physicians in the management of complex @entity1 with @entity712 using the MaineHealth Home Diuretic Protocol (HDP). OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that augmented diuretic therapy, both oral and intravenous, an evidence-based treatment for care of @entity1 with @entity712 experiencing fluid retention, can be delivered safely in the home setting using the HDP and can improve outcomes for recently hospitalized @entity1 with @entity712 . DESIGN: In late 2011, the MaineHealth HDP was implemented in two hospitals and in the home health agency serving those hospitals. The @entity1 population included recently hospitalized @entity1 with a diagnosis of advanced @entity712 , eligible for home health services and telemonitoring. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Home health nurses reported data on the @entity1 managed using the protocol, including interventions made, physical findings, lab values, and @entity1 disposition after each episode of care. Questionnaires were used to determine @entity1 and clinician satisfaction. RESULTS: Sixty @entity1 meeting the criteria above were enrolled between November 2011 and January 2014. The protocol was initiated 84 times for 30 of these @entity1 . Sixteen @entity1 had multiple activations. The readmission rate was 10% and no adverse outcomes were observed. Clinician and @entity1 satisfaction was 97% or greater. CONCLUSION: The MaineHealth HDP can be delivered effectively and safely to improve outcomes, reducing readmissions and allowing @entity1 to remain at home.

title: Home diuretic protocol for XXXX : partnering with home health to improve outcomes and reduce readmissions.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: AIMS: This Dutch survey focused on the clinical presentation, noninvasive and invasive diagnostic methods, and treatment modalities of adult @entity1 with @entity453 (CAFs). METHODS: Between 1996 and 2003, the initiative was taken to start a registry on congenital CAFs in adults. In total 71 @entity1 from a diagnostic coronary angiographic population of 30,829 at 28 hospitals were collected from previously developed case report forms. @entity1 demographic data, clinical presentation, noninvasive and invasive techniques and treatment options were retrospectively collected and analysed. RESULTS: Out of 71 @entity1 with angiographically proven CAFs, 51 (72%) had 63 congenital solitary @entity292 and 20 (28%) had 31 congenital coronary-ventricular multiple microfistulas. @entity1 with pseudofistulas were excluded from the registry. Coronary angiograms were independently re-analysed for morphology and specific @entity292 . The majority (72%) of the @entity292 were unilateral, 24% were bilateral and only 4% were multilateral. The morphological characteristics of these 94 @entity292 were as follows: the origin was multiple in 47% and single in 53%; the termination was multiple in 52% and single in 48%; and the pathway of the fistulous vessels was tortuous/multiple in 66%, tortuous/single in 28%, straight/multiple in 3% and straight/single in 3%. Percutaneous transluminal embolisation (PTE) was performed in two (3%) @entity1 ; surgical ligation was undertaken in 13 (18%) @entity1 . The overwhelming majority of the @entity1 (56; 79%) were treated with conservative medical management. The total mortality was 6% (4/71) at a mean follow-up period of approximately five years. Cardiac mortality accounted for 4% (3/71); in all three @entity1 , @entity204 could possibly be attributed to the presence of the @entity292 . CONCLUSION: Registry of @entity453 in adults in the Netherlands is feasible. In spite of restrictions imposed by the Dutch Privacy Law, it was possible to include 71 adult @entity1 with @entity453 who were eligible for thorough evaluation.

title: Dutch survey of XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['congenital coronary artery fistulas']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas', 'fistula details']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['congenital coronary artery fistulas']


abstract: We treated 12 @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 with weekly @entity1311 therapy. @entity1311 was administrated by 1 hour infusion at a dose of 80 mg/m2 after short premedication every week on an outpatient basis. Administration was continued for 3 weeks followed by 1 week rest. All @entity1 had received prior metastatic chemotherapy, and prior @entity4349 therapy was done in 66.7% of the @entity1 . Partial responses were observed in 66.7% of the @entity1 and progressive disease in 33.3%. The response rate was 66.7%. Responses were observed in 62.5% of the @entity1 with prior anthracycline therapy. Grade 3/4 @entity1431 and @entity1398 occurred in 25% of the @entity1 , respectively, and no grade 3/4 @entity1897 was observed. @entity1353 occurred in 25% of the @entity1 and was grade 3 in 16.7%. @entity1353 is thought to be one of the adverse events requiring caution with weekly @entity1311 administration. Weekly @entity1311 therapy is effective and well tolerated in @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 .

title: [Weekly @entity1311 therapy for metastatic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current standard of care for initial staging of pediatric @entity2828 ( @entity2828 ) @entity1 is to obtain a bilateral @entity236 and biopsy (BMAB). The incidence of bone marrow (BM) disease in @entity1 deemed non-metastatic by conventional and metabolic imaging and the concordance of BM positivity with other clinical characteristics are not well established. PROCEDURE: This study is a multi-institutional retrospective review of newly diagnosed @entity2828 @entity1 less than 40 years of age with initial staging that included imaging and BMAB. RESULTS: A total of 116 @entity1 were eligible with 85 @entity1 considered non-metastatic and 31 considered metastatic by imaging. None of the 85 @entity1 with non- @entity3 were BMAB positive (0%; 95% CI: 0-4.2%); 13 of the 31 @entity1 with @entity3 were BMAB positive (41.9%; 95% CI: 24.5-60.9%). @entity5 size was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity3 (P   =   0.017). Bone metastasis by imaging had high correlation with BMAB positivity (P   =   0.0002). In addition, the number of bony metastatic sites was significantly higher in @entity1 with a positive BMAB as compared to those with a negative BMAB (median 3.5 and 0.0, respectively; P   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: BMAB may not be required for initial staging of pediatric and young adult @entity2828 @entity1 deemed non-metastatic by imaging. In @entity1 with @entity3 , there is a high correlation of BM involvement with multiple bone @entity3 . Pediatr @entity5    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Utility of XXXX and biopsy in initial staging of @entity2828 .

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['Ewing sarcoma', 'EWS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Primary tumor', 'Blood Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow aspiration']

answer: @entity236 :: (MESH:D001855,Disease) :: ['bone marrow aspiration']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To update the Cochrane systematic review of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) for @entity712 . METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials was undertaken. MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched up to January 2013. Trials with 6 or more months of follow-up were included if they assessed the effects of exercise interventions alone or as a component of comprehensive CR programme compared with no exercise control. RESULTS: 33 trials were included with 4740 @entity1 predominantly with a reduced ejection fraction (<40%) and New York Heart Association class II and III. Compared with controls, while there was no difference in pooled all-cause mortality between exercise CR with follow-up to 1   year (risk ratio (RR) 0.93; 95% CI 0.69 to 1.27, p=0.67), there was a trend towards a reduction in trials with follow-up beyond 1   year (RR 0.88; 0.75 to 1.02, 0.09). Exercise CR reduced the risk of overall (RR 0.75; 0.62 to 0.92, 0.005) and @entity712 -specific hospitalisation (RR 0.61; 0.46 to 0.80, 0.0004) and resulted in a clinically important improvement in the Minnesota Living with @entity712 questionnaire (mean difference: -5.8 points, -9.2 to -2.4, 0.0007). Univariate meta-regression analysis showed that these benefits were independent of the type and dose of exercise CR, and trial duration of follow- up, quality or publication date. CONCLUSIONS: This updated Cochrane review shows that improvements in hospitalisation and health-related quality of life with exercise-based CR appear to be consistent across @entity1 regardless of CR programme characteristics and may reduce mortality in the longer term. An individual @entity1 data meta-analysis is needed to provide confirmatory evidence of the importance of @entity1 subgroup and programme level characteristics (eg, exercise dose) on outcome.

title: Exercise-based rehabilitation for XXXX : systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart Failure', 'heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: PURPOSE: This Phase I study investigated behavioral and functional MRI (fMRI) outcomes of 2 intensive treatment programs to improve naming in 2 @entity1 with chronic moderate-to-severe @entity2026 with comorbid @entity1741 ( @entity1741 ). @entity34 ( @entity34 ; Pulverm  ller et al., 2001) has demonstrated positive outcomes in some individuals with chronic @entity2026 . Whether constraint to the speech modality or treatment intensity is responsible for such gains is still under investigation. Moreover, it remains to be seen whether @entity34 is effective in individuals with persistent severe nonfluent speech and/or @entity1741 . METHOD: A single-subject multiple-baseline approach was used. Both @entity1 were treated simultaneously, first with Promoting Aphasics' Communicative Effectiveness (PACE; Davis _ Wilcox, 1985) and then with @entity34 . Pre-/posttreatment testing included an overt naming fMRI protocol. Treatment effect sizes were calculated for changes in probe accuracy from baseline to posttreatment phases and maintenance where available. RESULTS: Both @entity1 made more and faster gains in naming following @entity34 . Treatment-induced changes in BOLD activation suggested that better naming was correlated with the recruitment of perilesional tissue. CONCLUSION: @entity1 produced more target words accurately following @entity34 than following PACE. Behavioral and fMRI results support the notion that the intense and repetitive nature of obligatory speech production in @entity34 has a positive effect on word retrieval, even in @entity1 with chronic moderate-to-severe @entity2026 with comorbid @entity1741 .

title: Constrained versus unconstrained intensive language therapy in two individuals with chronic, moderate-to-severe @entity2026 and XXXX : behavioral and fMRI outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1741 :: ('OMIM:602081', 'Disease') :: ['apraxia of speech', 'AOS']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['CIAT', 'Constraint-induced aphasia therapy']

answer: @entity1741 :: (OMIM:602081,Disease) :: ['apraxia of speech']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To carry out a double-blind RCT to compare the effectiveness of topical @entity1140 ( @entity5467 ), @entity2995 ( @entity59924 ) and placebo (PLA) in symptomatic OLP. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A clinical score (CS, range 0-130) was developed to measure the clinical signs and symptoms of OLP. Twenty-seven OLP @entity1 with a CS of >=  20 were randomly allocated to receive 0.1% @entity5467 ointment (n=11), 0.1% @entity59924 paste (n=7) or Orabase(  ) paste as PLA (n=9) for 3 weeks. If the CS dropped >=  20% (interpreted as response), the @entity1 continued the same medication for another 3 weeks. If the CS dropped < 20% or increased (non-response), the @entity1 were switched to @entity5467 for 6 weeks. A 6-month follow-up period ensued. The primary outcome variable was the change in CS from baseline to week 3. In primary outcome analysis, CS values between the treatment arms were compared. RESULTS: @entity5467 and @entity59924 were more effective (p=0.012 and 0.031, respectively) than PLA in reducing the CS at week 3. No difference in the efficacy was noted between @entity5467 and @entity59924 (p=0.997). CONCLUSIONS: This pilot RCT provides evidence for the effectiveness of @entity5467 and @entity59924 over PLA in the management of OLP. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Topical @entity1140 , XXXX and placebo in oral lichen planus: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity2995 :: (MESH:D014222,Chemical) :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']


abstract: @entity1838 @entity12734 (VCC) is a pore-forming toxin that is secreted in precursor form (pro-VCC) and requires proteolytic cleavage in order to attain membrane-permeabilizing properties. Pro-VCC can be activated both in solution and membrane-bound state. Processing of membrane-bound pro-VCC can in turn be achieved through the action of both cell-associated and soluble proteases. The current investigation describes the interaction of VCC with @entity1 neutrophil granulocytes. It is shown that pro-VCC binds to these cells and is cleaved by cell-bound @entity563 proteases. Membrane permeabilization leads to granulocyte activation, as witnessed by the generation of reactive @entity26 metabolites and liberation of granule constituents. A mutant toxin with unaltered binding properties but devoid of pore-forming activity did not elicit these effects. The secreted proteases cleave and activate further bound- and non-bound pro-VCC. A positive feedback loop is thus created that results in enhanced @entity137 towards both the targeted granulocytes and towards bystander cells that are not primarily killed by the protoxin. Thus, activation of neutrophil granulocytes by VCC fuels a positive feedback cycle that will cripple immune defence, augment @entity32 , and enhance the cytotoxic action of the toxin on neighbouring tissue cells.

title: Pro-inflammatory feedback activation cycle evoked by attack of XXXX @entity12734 on @entity1 neutrophil granulocytes.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio cholerae']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity1838 :: (666,Species) :: ['Vibrio cholerae']