abstract: BACKGROUND: Peroxisomes are organelles that proliferate continuously and play an indispensable role in @entity1 metabolism. Consequently, peroxisomal gene defects can cause multiple, often severe disorders, including the @entity16440 . Currently, 13 different PEX proteins have been implicated in various stages of peroxisome assembly and protein import. Defects in any of these proteins result in a peroxisome biogenesis disorder. The authors present here a novel genetic defect specifically affecting the division of peroxisomes. METHODS: The authors have studied biochemical and microscopical peroxisomal parameters in cultured @entity1 fibroblasts, sequenced candidate PEX genes and determined the consequence of the identified @entity44819 gene defect on peroxisome biogenesis in @entity1 fibroblasts at different temperatures. RESULTS: The @entity1 presented with @entity231 , mild @entity717 , progressive @entity393 , sensory nerve involvement, @entity344 and recurrent @entity2704 . Although microscopical investigations of @entity1 fibroblasts indicated a @entity154 in peroxisome division, all biochemical parameters commonly used for diagnosing @entity16440 were normal. After excluding mutations in all PEX genes previously implicated in @entity16440 , it was found that the defect was caused by a homozygous non-sense mutation in the @entity44819 gene. The peroxisome division defect was exacerbated when the @entity1 's fibroblasts were cultured at 40  C, which correlated with a marked decrease in the expression of PEX11y. CONCLUSIONS: This novel isolated defect in peroxisome division expands the clinical and genetic spectrum of @entity16440 and indicates that peroxisomal defects exist, which cannot be diagnosed by standard laboratory investigations.

title: A novel defect of peroxisome division due to a homozygous non-sense mutation in the XXXX gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['clear defect']

entities_list: @entity16440 :: ('MESH:D018901', 'Disease') :: ['peroxisome biogenesis disorders', 'peroxisomal disorders']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cataracts']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal problems']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine-like episodes']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity44819 :: (8799,Gene) :: ['PEX11b']


abstract: Recruitment of inflammatory cells is of critical importance in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated @entity17 in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Evidence is increasing that chemokines might play a key role in this process, since they promote leukocyte entry into the nervous system during immune-mediated @entity32 . In the present study we report the expression pattern of the chemokines @entity371 , @entity2842 , @entity10557 , @entity12868 , and @entity5737 ( @entity5737 ) in sciatic nerves from animals with myelin-induced experimental autoimmune @entity5013 , using a semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR dot-blot hybridization assay. The mRNAs for @entity10557 and @entity12868 were found to be upregulated with peak values at day 13 post-immunization (p.i.), preceding maximum disease severity. In contrast, mRNAs for @entity2842 , @entity5737 , and @entity371 exhibited peak levels coincident with peak of the disease at day 15 p.i. Increased mRNA expression was associated with enhanced protein levels, as demonstrated by immunoblotting for each chemokine investigated. Immunohistochemistry for @entity371 protein revealed immunoreactivity associated with perineurial endothelial cells. @entity5737 protein was localized immunohistologically to invading T lymphocytes. Our findings suggest that chemokines, which act towards T cells and mononuclear phagocytes, are sequentially upregulated during the clinical course of EAN and thus may contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory @entity17 of the PNS.

title: Sequential expression of chemokines in experimental autoimmune XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelinating diseases']

entities_list: @entity5737 :: ('6352', 'Gene') :: ['RANTES', 'regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1']

entities_list: @entity371 :: ('3627', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma-inducible protein (IP)-10', 'IP-10']

entities_list: @entity10557 :: ('6348', 'Gene') :: ['MIP-1alpha', 'macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha']

answer: @entity5013 :: (MESH:D009443,Disease) :: ['neuritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whole genome microarray gene expression profiling is the 'gold standard' for the discovery of prognostic and predictive genetic markers for @entity1 @entity5 . However, suitable research material is lacking as most diagnostic samples are preserved as @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissue (FFPET). We tested a new workflow and data analysis method optimized for use with FFPET samples. METHODS: Sixteen @entity0 samples were split into matched pairs and preserved as FFPET or fresh-frozen (FF). Total RNA was extracted and tested for yield and purity. RNA from FFPET samples was amplified using three different commercially available kits in parallel, and hybridized to Affymetrix GeneChip   @entity1 Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Arrays. The array probe set was optimized in silico to exclude misdesigned and misannotated probes. RESULTS: FFPET samples processed using the WT-Ovation    FFPE System V2 (NuGEN) provided 80% specificity and 97% sensitivity compared with FF samples (assuming values of 100%). In addition, in silico probe set redesign improved sequence detection sensitivity and, thus, may rescue potentially significant small-magnitude gene expression changes that could otherwise be diluted by the overall probe set background. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our FFPET-optimized workflow enables the detection of more genes than previous, nonoptimized approaches, opening new possibilities for the discovery, validation, and clinical application of mRNA biomarkers in @entity1 diseases.

title: An optimized workflow for improved gene expression profiling for @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded XXXX samples.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: It is now estimated that about 5% of cetuximab-treated @entity1 and about 3% of panitumumab-treated @entity1 will develop grade 3-4 @entity1272 . The aim of this study was to assess the extent of @entity1760 monitoring in @entity1 treated with @entity470 ( @entity470 )-targeting antibodies and to estimate the incidence of @entity1272 in these @entity1 at our institution. METHODS: A 2-year retrospective study was carried out. At least four doses of weekly cetuximab or two doses of bi-weekly panitumumab were required for inclusion. Serum @entity1760 profiles were reviewed from 1  month before treatment until 3  months after treatment discontinuation, and @entity1 with <2 determinations were excluded. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Two hundred and one @entity1 received at least one dose of @entity470 -targeting antibodies, but only 68 met the inclusion criteria. Seventy @entity1 had <2 @entity1760 determinations. The @entity1272 was 58  82% (40 of 68 @entity1 ), with a 4  41% grade 3 @entity1272 (three of 68 @entity1 ). No grade 4 @entity1272 was detected. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: There is a lack of @entity1760 monitoring in these patients. Serum @entity1760 determinations should be done every 4-8  weeks in @entity1 treated with @entity470 -targeting antibodies, as it is a useful surrogate marker for both @entity137 and efficacy.

title: XXXX monitoring practice in monoclonal anti- @entity470 antibodies therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['overall hypomagnesemia', 'hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['Magnesium']


abstract: The negative affective state of opiate abstinence plays an important role in craving and relapse to compulsive drug use. The @entity935 system participates in the reward effects of opiate use and the aversive effect of opiate abstinence. The amygdala is an essential neural substrate for associative learning of emotion. To establish a model of conditioned place aversion (CPA) in @entity1286 -treated @entity35 , we used different visual and tactual cues as conditioned stimuli (CS) within a conditioning apparatus. An injection of @entity1510 served as the unconditioned stimulus (US). The @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ) lesion technique was used to investigate the effects of the dopaminergic system of the central nucleus of the amygdala ( @entity13396 ) on @entity1510 -induced CPA. @entity35 were rendered physically dependent via administration of increasing doses of @entity1286 delivered via intraperitoneal injection. Doses increased by 20 % each day for 14 days, starting from an initial dose of 6 mg/kg. All @entity35 also received a low dose of @entity1510 (0.1 mg/kg) by injection 4 hours after @entity1286 treatment on days 11 and 13 to induce CPA in a biased two-compartment conditioned place apparatus. @entity1286 -dependent @entity35 with sham lesions were found to develop significant CPA after @entity1510 treatment. Bilateral @entity2955 lesions of the @entity13396 impaired the acquisition of CPA but had no effect on locomotor activity. These results suggest that the dopaminergic system of the @entity13396 plays an important role in the negative affective state of opiate abstinence.

title: Inhibition of the acquisition of conditioned place aversion by dopaminergic lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala in XXXX -treated @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: We have recently shown two types of cat carotid body cells based on the @entity26 sensitivity of voltage-gated @entity972 channels. In the present study, we attempted to determine the correlation between cell types (glomus cells, sheath cells, and subtypes of glomus cells) and @entity26 sensitivity of @entity972 channels. Further, changes in membrane potentials in response to @entity519 were also examined. Carotid body cells harvested from adult @entity468 were cultured, and a whole cell patch clamp method was applied to determine the @entity26 sensitivity of outward current. The tested cells were identified by Lucifer Yellow in the patch pipette. Glomus cells and sheath cells were immunocytochemically identified using @entity669 hydroxylase (TH) and @entity9327 ( @entity9327 ) as markers. The cells whose outward current was inhibited by @entity519 showed TH-immunoreactivity but not @entity9327 -immunoreactivity. The cells whose outward current was not sensitive to @entity519 were @entity9327 -positive or TH-negative. One TH-positive cell had @entity26 -insensitive outward current. The resting membrane potentials of the cells having @entity26 -sensitive outward current were significantly higher (- @entity19 mV) than those of the cells having @entity26 -insensitive outward current (- @entity19 mV). The former type of cells was depolarized during @entity519 , but not the latter type of cells. These results suggest that most glomus cells of the adult cat carotid body possess @entity26 -sensitive @entity972 channels and are depolarized in response to @entity519 . On the other hand, sheath cells and possibly a small fraction of glomus cells possess @entity26 -insensitive @entity972 channels and their membrane potential is not affected by @entity519 .

title: Electrophysiological and immunocytological demonstration of cell-type specific responses to XXXX in the adult cat carotid body.

entities_list: @entity9327 :: ('14580(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['glial fibrillary acidic protein', 'GFAP']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: Induction of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and cytosolic translocation of @entity4674 are considered essential components of the apoptotic pathway. Hence, there is the realization that mitochondrial-specific drugs could have potential for use as chemotherapeutic agents to trigger apoptosis in @entity5 cells. Recently, we showed that photoproducts of @entity28859 540 (pMC540) induced @entity5 cell apoptosis. In this study, we focused on identifying mitochondrial-specific compounds from pMC540 and studied their apoptotic potential. One purified fraction, C5, induced a drop in mitochondrial transmembrane potential and cytosolic translocation of @entity4674 in HL60 @entity1 @entity1778 cells. Moreover, the addition of C5 to purified @entity35 liver mitochondria induced MPT as indicated by mitochondrial matrix swelling, which was completely inhibited by @entity205 , an inhibitor of the inner-membrane pore. Supernatant of C5-treated mitochondria showed a dose-dependent increase in @entity4674 , which was also inhibited in the presence of @entity205 , strongly indicating a direct effect on the inner-membrane pore. Despite the strong mitochondrial reactivity, C5 elicited minimal @entity137 (less than 25%) against @entity1778 and M14 @entity320 cells because of inefficient caspase activation. However, prior exposure to C5 significantly enhanced the apoptotic response to @entity2879 or the @entity1197 receptor. Thus, we demonstrate that MPT induction and @entity4674 release by the novel compound C5, in the absence of effective caspase activation, is insufficient for triggering efficient apoptosis in @entity5 cells. However, when used in combination with known apoptosis inducers, such compounds could enhance the sensitivity of @entity5 cells to apoptosis. (Blood. 2000;95:1773-1780)

title: Induction of mitochondrial permeability transition and XXXX release in the absence of caspase activation is insufficient for effective apoptosis in @entity1 @entity1778 cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['HL60 leukemia', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity28859 :: ('MESH:C548873', 'Chemical') :: ['merocyanine']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity4674 :: (54205,Gene) :: ['cytochrome C']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which a more widespread use of new effective treatments for @entity712 associated with earlier detection of the disease may have contributed to enhancing the prognosis of @entity1000 ( @entity1000 ) @entity1 over the past 20 years. METHODS: Heart transplant-free survival curves were analyzed in 343 @entity1000 @entity1 , prospectively enrolled from January 1, 1978 to June 30, 1997 in the Heart Muscle Disease Registry of the Cardiology Department in Trieste (94 enrolled between 1978 and 1987, Group 1; 249 between 1988 and 1997, Group 2). At enrollment, 91 @entity1 had no @entity712 (NoHF), whereas the remaining 252 showed HF of recent (HF < or = 6 months, n = 132) or non-recent (HF > 6 months, n = 120) onset. RESULTS: In comparison to Group 1, Group 2 was treated more frequently with ACE-inhibitors and beta-blockers (p < 0.0001) and showed a better long-term survival (p = 0.0034), resulting from a reduction of death for refractory HF or need for heart transplant (p = 0.011). Conversely, the risk of @entity944 did not significantly differ between the two groups. NoHF, HF > 6 months and HF < or = 6 months groups were similarly treated with ACE-inhibitors and beta-blockers. Long-term survival was better in @entity1 without HF than in those with overt HF (p = 0.0015). As compared to Group HF > 6 months, Group HF < or = 6 months had a poorer one-year prognosis (p = 0.045), related to the presence of a subgroup of @entity1 with refractory HF and need for heart transplant, but showed a better survival rate over the following years (p = 0.015). Over the two subsequent decades of enrollment, a significant improvement in @entity1 survival was observed within Groups NoHF (p = 0.03) and HF > 6 months (p = 0.01), but not in Group HF < or = 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Over the past 20 years, the increasing use of ACE-inhibitors and beta-blockers in @entity1000 was associated with a significant improvement in long-term survival, resulting from a reduction in mortality for @entity712 or need for heart transplant. In addition, early diagnosis may have contributed significantly to enhancing the prognosis of @entity1000 , since the benefits of medical therapy were lower in @entity1 identified and treated in advanced stages of the disease. Moreover, early diagnosis was shown to be useful in recognizing @entity1 with recent onset of @entity712 who are not responders to aggressive medical treatments and urgently need heart transplant.

title: [Improvement of prognosis in XXXX : role of early diagnosis and optimized medical treatment. Study Group on Heart Muscle Diseases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy', 'IDC']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure symptoms', 'refractory heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

answer: @entity1000 :: (MESH:C536277,Disease) :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: To close the loop of nutrients in a safe way, the loop of pathogens has to be broken. By sanitising organic fertilisers derived from faeces and manure, the first step in the disease transmission chain is broken. Two alternatives for this treatment, thermophilic composting and @entity3265 -based treatment, were evaluated and compared to storage treatment. Thermal composting of @entity62 and food waste resulted in a treatment temperature of over 65 degrees C in a 90 L reactor. By using insulation and turning the compost three times during the high temperature period, it is possible to ensure a 5 log(10) reduction of pathogens. Small scale composting of the same material indicated less efficient @entity353 at temperatures around 50 degrees C. In the chemical treatment tested, an addition of 3% @entity34518 increased the pH to above 9 within 1h and resulted in a good reduction in the indicator organisms for bacteria ( @entity5746 spp. and faecal coliforms D(r)<0.7 days, Enterococcus spp. D(r)<3 days). Lower addition rates resulted in a longer treatment period needed. The storage period tested resulted in @entity73 spp. and Enterococcus spp.

title: Comparison of composting, storage and urea treatment for sanitising of XXXX and manure.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of faecal bacteria']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['slow reduction of faecal coliforms, Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['faecal matter']

answer: @entity62 :: (MESH:D056784,Disease) :: ['faecal matter']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of @entity17728 in stenosed coronary arteries of anesthetized @entity235 and @entity1707 . @entity850 and @entity1504 resulted in cyclical reductions of coronary blood flow due to periodic acute platelet @entity715 formation in the narrowed lumen. Cyclical @entity450 were quantitated by their frequency and severity. In adult @entity235 with critical @entity850 , @entity17728 reduced significantly both the frequency and severity of the cyclical reductions in the first hour following injection, whereas both parameters remained constant in control @entity235 . @entity117 also significantly reduced the frequency and severity of @entity450 . In young @entity235 , cyclical @entity450 developed only when @entity1425 was added to the combination of critical @entity850 plus endothelial damage. In this model, @entity17728 reduced the severity of @entity450 but not their frequency. Aspirin reduced both parameters. In young @entity1707 , cyclical @entity450 were induced by subcritical @entity850 . @entity17728 reduced the severity but not significantly the frequency of the cyclical @entity450 . A higher dose of @entity17728 abolished them in three additional @entity1707 ; this effect was reversed by a subsequent injection of @entity7825 . It is concluded that @entity17728 , like @entity117 , possesses antithrombotic activity. This effect may entirely or in part, be due to the release of @entity842 .

title: Effect of @entity17728 on XXXX formation in stenosed coronary arteries of @entity235 and @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['flow reductions']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['vascular damage']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity17728 :: ('MESH:D008981', 'Chemical') :: ['molsidomine', 'Molsidomine']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombus']


abstract: A multimodal MR study including relaxometry, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and MR spectroscopy was performed on @entity1 with classical @entity814 ( @entity814 ) and matched controls, to improve our understanding of white matter (WM) lesions. Relaxometry yields information on myelin loss or @entity600 and may substantiate results from DTI attributed to myelin changes. Relaxometry was used to determine four brain compartments in normal-appearing brain tissue (NABT) and in lesions: water in myelin bilayers (myelin water, MW), water in gray matter (GM), water in WM, and water with long relaxation times (cerebrospinal fluid [CSF]-like signals). DTI yielded apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) and fractional anisotropies. MW and WM content were reduced in NABT and in lesions of @entity814 @entity1 , while CSF-like signals were significantly increased. ADC values were reduced in @entity814 , but also in the corpus callosum. Diffusion anisotropy was reduced in lesions because of a stronger decrease in the longitudinal than in the transverse diffusion. WM content and CSF-like components in lesions correlated with anisotropy and ADC. ADC values in lesions and in the corpus callosum correlated negatively with blood and brain @entity815 ( @entity815 ) concentrations. Intramyelinic @entity4 combined with vacuolization is a likely cause of the WM alterations. Correlations between diffusivity and @entity815 concentrations confirm vulnerability of WM to high @entity815 concentrations.

title: Characterization of white matter alterations in XXXX by magnetic resonance relaxometry and diffusion tensor imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity814 :: ('MESH:D010661', 'Disease') :: ['PKU', 'phenylketonuria', 'PKU lesions']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['Phe', 'phenylalanine']

answer: @entity814 :: (MESH:D010661,Disease) :: ['phenylketonuria']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: There are no nationally agreed guidelines on preoperative management of @entity1 who are on @entity117 or @entity1229 therapy. There is considerable evidence that complication rates in anticoagulated @entity1 are low whereas there are higher rates of @entity1031 complications in those whose therapy is manipulated. This survey aimed to establish oculoplastic specialist and non-specialist ophthalmic surgeons' current management practice of @entity1 before oculoplastic surgery who are taking @entity117 or @entity1229 and to assess the rate of complications in these @entity1 . METHOD: An anonymous postal questionnaire survey of all ophthalmic consultants and specialist registrars in the Wessex region along with oculoplastic specialists in the Southern region. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 92%. Preoperative management was influenced both by type of operation and by type of surgeon. A statistically significant higher proportion of surgeons would consider altering @entity1229 compared with @entity117 treatment. For all procedures, non-specialists are unlikely to stop @entity117 therapy, and are less likely to stop @entity1229 before all procedures apart from dacrocystorhinostomy. A significant proportion of surgeons (18%) would allow insufficient time for the coagulation status of the @entity1 to change after altering treatment. A considerable proportion of surgeons (54%) reported that they had seen complications as a result either of stopping or continuing anticoagulation therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In this survey, at least half the surgeons questioned would consider stopping @entity1229 before oculoplastic procedures. Over half of all surgeons have seen complications related to @entity117 or @entity1229 , some of which were serious. A suggested approach to minimising @entity1 risk is given.

title: XXXX and @entity1229 therapy in oculoplastic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['Aspirin']


abstract: Since @entity2404 (TXA2) release may relate to the extension of @entity296 following coronary ligation, the authors examined the effects of pretreatment with a selective TXA2 synthetase inhibitor U-63,557A, or a TXA2 receptor antagonist SQ-29,548, on @entity583 size forty-eight hours following left coronary ligation in @entity35 . @entity583 size (as percent of left ventricle, LV) was decreased from 44 +/- 3% in saline-treated control animals to 34 +/- 4% (P less than 0.05) in U-63,557A-treated animals and to 32 +/- 4% (P less than 0.05) in SQ-29,548 treated animals (U-63,557A-treated vs SQ-29,548-treated, P = NS). LV @entity908 kinase (CK) was 5.08 +/- 0.42 IU/mg protein in noninfarcted untreated @entity35 and 1.79 +/- 0.21 IU/mg protein in saline-treated infarcted @entity35 . LV CK was 2.86 +/- 0.40 IU/mg protein in U-63,557A-treated @entity35 and 3.11 +/- 0.51 IU/mg protein in SQ-29,548-treated infarcted @entity35 (both P less than 0.05 compared with saline-treated @entity35 ). The beneficial effects of U-63,557A and of SQ-29,548 were not accompanied by reduction in indices of @entity296 @entity26 demand (heart rate and arterial pressure). However, neutrophil accumulation in the infarcted myocardium was markedly decreased by U-63,557A and SQ-29,548 pretreatment. Myocardial myeloperoxidase activity, a specific marker of neutrophil infiltration, was also decreased (P less than 0.02) in U-63,557A- and SQ-29,548-treated animals (0.09 +/- 0.03 and 0.07 +/- 0.02 units/100 mg, respectively) compared with saline-treated infarcted @entity35 (0.19 +/- 0.04 units/100 mg). In vitro incubation of U-63,557A and SQ-29,548 caused a significant and similar reduction in f-MLP-induced neutrophil chemotaxis, and U-63,557A increased prostacyclin formation in whole blood. These data suggest that reduction in the extent of @entity296 by TXA2 synthetase or receptor inhibitors may, in part, relate to a decrease in neutrophil accumulation in the infarcted tissue. In spite of differences in mechanisms of action of U-63,557A and SQ-29,548, both agents exert a similar protective effect on the extent of @entity296 following coronary ligation. Reduction in neutrophil accumulation in the infarcted zone, as well as in f-MLP-directed chemotaxis in vitro, suggests that TXA2 inhibition may modulate neutrophil migration.

title: Reduced XXXX neutrophil accumulation and infarct size following thromboxane synthetase inhibitor or receptor antagonist.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury', 'myocardial']

entities_list: @entity2404 :: ('MESH:D013928', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane A2']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct', 'Myocardial infarct']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial']


abstract: Ninety-three consecutive prosthetic reconstructions performed for limb salvage after the resection of @entity242 of the lower extremity were reviewed to determine how long the reconstructions lasted, how successful they were in avoiding amputation in the long term, how significant a problem was @entity1349 , and what was the associated @entity1 survival. Reconstruction was of the proximal femur in 16, distal femur in 61 and proximal tibia in 16 @entity1 . Minimum follow-up time was 24 months, with a median of 66 months and mean of 80 months. If any event leading to the removal of the prosthesis is considered a reason for failure, the event-free prosthetic survival at five years for the proximal femur was 88%, distal femur 59%, and proximal tibia 54%. Limb survival at five years was significantly better, with the proximal femur at 88%, distal femur at 88%, and proximal tibia at 78% intact. Aseptic loosening survival was better than the event free prosthetic survival, which demonstrates the influence of factors such as @entity295 (hematogenous) or wound @entity39 that lead to prosthetic removal. Aseptic loosening survivorship of the proximal femur at five years was 100%; distal femur, 78%; and the proximal tibia, 73%. At five years, @entity1 survival was low for the proximal femur (62%) and distal femur (75%) but notably better for the proximal tibia (93%). Prosthetic, extremity, and @entity1 survival differed depending on the site. Wound @entity39 was a significant cause of prosthetic removal and loss of limb early in this series, but the more aggressive use of soft tissue procedures has improved this.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Prosthetic and extremity survivorship after limb salvage for XXXX . How long do the reconstructions last?

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is considered the gold-standard treatment for early @entity0 . Ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy or stereotactic biopsy of a @entity1558 allows preoperative histological diagnosis. Various techniques have been proposed for identifying non-palpable @entity0 , but the most popular method is the wire-guided localization (WGL) technique. The aim of this study was to propose an alternative technique for optimizing the WGL procedure, facilitating breast surgery and reducing complications. @entity1 AND METHODS: We performed a prospective study on 40 @entity1 with a single non-palpable @entity1558 . For the preoperative localization of mammary lesions, @entity1 were divided randomly into two groups: 20 @entity1 underwent conventional WGL technique and 20 underwent 'optimized' personalized technique. RESULTS: In the group treated with the optimized technique, dislocation of the wire occurred in only 2/20 cases, whereas in those with the conventional technique, dislocation occurred in 9/20 cases (p=0.03). In 5/20 cases of the conventional WGL technique, the wire was accidentally cut by the surgeon, whereas no similar complications were observed in the group that underwent the optimized technique (p=0.047). Re-excision of the surgical margins was necessary in 6/20 cases with the conventional technique, while re-excision was not required for any case using the optimized technique (p=0.02). CONCLUSION: The proposed optimized technique ensures good esthetic results, enabling the surgeon to identify the lesion and perform oncoplastic breast surgery, and allows surgical time to be reduced.

title: Wire-guided Localization in Non-palpable XXXX : Results from Monocentric Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesion']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Up to 50% of @entity1 with stinging-insect @entity566 have double-positive RAST results to @entity5157 and yellow jacket (YJ) venom. True double sensitization and crossreactivity through venom hyaluronidases are considered main reasons for this multiple reactivity. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the role of antibodies against cross-reactive @entity1735 determinants in venom double positivity. METHODS: @entity9527 inhibition experiments were performed with crude @entity4335 (OSR) and timothy grass pollen extracts and a neoglycoprotein construct displaying a MUXF glycan, as present in pineapple-stem bromelain (MUXF-BSA). @entity9527 to OSR was used as a rough measure for @entity1735 -specific IgE in individual sera. RESULTS: @entity9527 results to OSR pollen were positive in 2 of 14 single-positive @entity5157 venom sera, 2 of 16 single-positive YJ venom sera, and 33 (80.5%) of 41 double-positive sera (P < .00001, chi(2) test). @entity9527 inhibition was performed in 16 selected @entity1 with a @entity9527 class of 3 or higher to both venoms. In 9 of 11 @entity1 with a highly positive @entity9527 result to OSR ( @entity9527 score to OSR > @entity9527 score to second venom), pollen extracts, MUXF-BSA, or both were able to completely inhibit IgE binding to one of the venoms, whereas this was not the case in 5 @entity1 with a negative or weakly positive @entity9527 result to OSR ( @entity9527 score to OSR < @entity9527 score to second venom). CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that @entity1735 -specific IgE is a major cause for the double positivity to @entity5157 and YJ venom seen in @entity1 with @entity566 . Because these antibodies may have low clinical relevance, they may severely impede the correct diagnosis of Hymenoptera venom @entity566 .

title: Antibody binding to venom carbohydrates is a frequent cause for double positivity to @entity5157 and yellow jacket venom in XXXX with stinging-insect @entity566 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4335 :: ('3708', 'Species') :: ['oilseed rape']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['Hymenoptera allergy', 'allergy']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of this work was the development of a gene targeting technology that will enable the delivery of therapeutic genes to @entity1313 cells in vivo following intravenous administration. High-grade @entity13 overexpress the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) and @entity470 antisense gene therapy could reduce the growth of @entity470 -dependent @entity11 . METHODS: A human @entity470 antisense gene driven by the SV40 promoter in a non-viral plasmid carrying elements that facilitate extra-chromosomal replication was packaged in the interior of 85 nm pegylated immunoliposomes (PILs). The PILs were targeted to U87 @entity1 @entity11 cells with the 83-14 murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) to the @entity1 @entity8277 (HIR). RESULTS: Confocal fluorescent microscopy demonstrated that the unconjugated HIR MAb is rapidly internalized by the @entity11 cells. Endocytosis followed by entry into the nucleus was also demonstrated for the HIR MAb conjugated PILs carrying @entity941 -labeled plasmid DNA. The PILs delivered exogenous genes to virtually all cells in culture, based on beta-galactosidase histochemistry. The targeting of a luciferase gene to the U87 cells with the PILs resulted in luciferase levels in excess of 150 pg/mg protein after 72 h of incubation. The level of luciferase gene expression in the U87 cells achieved with the @entity9057 gene targeting system was comparable to that with @entity496 . Targeting the @entity470 antisense gene to U87 @entity11 cells with the PILs resulted in more than 70% reduction in @entity665 incorporation into the cells; this was paralleled by a 79% reduction in the level of immunoreactive @entity470 . CONCLUSION: The present work describes the targeting of an @entity470 antisense gene to @entity1 @entity1313 cells, which results in a 70-80% inhibition in @entity5 cell growth. PILs provide a new approach to gene targeting that is effective in vivo following intravenous administration without viral vectors.

title: Receptor-mediated delivery of an antisense gene to XXXX @entity1313 cells.

entities_list: @entity13 :: ('MESH:C564230', 'Disease') :: ['brain gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity8277 :: ('3643', 'Gene') :: ['insulin receptor']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity496 :: ('MESH:C086724', 'Chemical') :: ['lipofectamine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Acute @entity385 is the third leading cause of @entity204 in the United States. For @entity1 with NIHSS scores >10 and evaluated within 6 hours, intra-arterial thrombolysis is the treatment of choice. The Merci retriever (Concentric Medical Inc., Mountain View, CA) and IV @entity865 are currently the only FDA-approved treatments for acute @entity385 . For @entity1 who do not meet the criteria for @entity865 administration and/or in whom the Merci device fails, options are limited. Intracranial stenting for acute @entity385 after failed thrombolysis is now possible because of improved delivery systems and appropriately sized stents. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 26-year-old @entity1 presented with an NIHSS score of 11 (right-sided @entity1269 and mixed @entity2026 ) 4 hours from the time of symptom onset. CT perfusion demonstrated increased time to peak in the entire left hemisphere; conventional angiography demonstrated a left M1 occlusion. INTERVENTION: After crossing the occlusion with a microcatheter, reteplase (2 units) was administered into the clot. Mechanical thrombolysis was then attempted, without restoration of flow. Two 3 x 12-mm coronary stents were placed from the M1 into the superior and inferior divisions, respectively, with complete restoration of flow (TIMI 3). Within 72 hours, the @entity1 had an NIHSS score of 1, with a small @entity1188 in the external capsule. CONCLUSION: Novel @entity64 interventions need to be developed for @entity1 with acute @entity385 in whom traditional interventions fail. We present (to our knowledge) the first case of successful revascularization of an acute M1 occlusion accomplished with placement of two coronary stents.

title: Acute M2 bifurcation stenting for XXXX : lessons learned from the heart: technical case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['cerebral infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ) is a well-established clinical protocol with numerous potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Yet, much work remains in the elucidation of @entity9808 mechanisms, optimization of protocols, and in development of novel therapeutic applications. As with many technologies, the key to these issues lies in the proper experimentation and translation of @entity9808 methods to animal models, among which @entity35 models have proven popular. A significant increase in the number of @entity35 @entity9808 publications has necessitated analysis of their relevance to @entity1 work. We therefore review the essential principles for the approximation of @entity1 @entity9808 protocols in @entity35 as well as specific methods that addressed these issues in published studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed an English language literature search combined with our own experience and data. We address issues that we see as important in the translation of @entity1 @entity9808 methods to @entity35 models and provide a summary of key accomplishments in these areas. RESULTS:     An extensive literature review illustrated the growth of rodent @entity9808 studies in recent years. Current advances in the translation of single, paired-pulse, and repetitive stimulation paradigms to rodent models are presented. The importance of @entity9808 in the generation of data for preclinical trials is also highlighted. CONCLUSIONS: @entity35 @entity9808 has several limitations when considering parallels between animal and @entity1 stimulation. However, it has proven to be a useful tool in the field of translational brain stimulation and will likely continue to aid in the design and implementation of stimulation protocols for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.

title: Translational neuromodulation: approximating XXXX transcranial magnetic stimulation protocols in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity9808 :: ('MESH:C536917', 'Disease') :: ['TMS', 'Transcranial magnetic stimulation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity170 is characterized mainly by low @entity79 ( @entity79 ). Many cytokines and chemokines have been related with bone metabolism. Monocytes in the immune system are important sources of cytokines and chemokines for bone metabolism. However, no study has investigated in vivo expression of a large number of various factors simultaneously in @entity1 monocytes underlying @entity170 . This study explored the in vivo expression pattern of general cytokines, chemokines, and their receptor genes in @entity1 monocytes and validated the significant genes by qRT-PCR and genetic association analyses. Expression profilings were performed in monocyte samples from 26 Chinese and 20 Caucasian premenopausal @entity1 with discordant @entity79 . Genome-wide association analysis with @entity79 variation was conducted in 1000 unrelated Caucasians. We selected 168 cytokines, chemokines, osteoclast-related factors, and their receptor genes for analyses. Significantly, the @entity6897 ( @entity6897 ) gene was upregulated in the low versus the high @entity79 groups in both Chinese and Caucasians. We also revealed a significant association of the @entity6897 gene with @entity79 variation in the 1000 Caucasians. Thus we conclude that the @entity6897 gene is important in @entity1 circulating monocytes in the etiology of @entity170 .

title: Gene expression profiling in monocytes and SNP association suggest the importance of the XXXX gene for @entity170 in both Chinese and Caucasians.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity6897 :: ('6772', 'Gene') :: ['signal transducer and activator of transcription 1', 'STAT1']

answer: @entity6897 :: (6772,Gene) :: ['STAT1']


abstract: A 55-year-old @entity1 underwent Miles' operation with a diagnosis of @entity1822 in 1990. From 1998 to 2004, he had liver and lung metastases and local site recurrent @entity5 which were removed surgically. Immunohistochemically the recurrent @entity5 was positive for @entity2467 and @entity2280 , and the diagnosis of @entity677 was confirmed. He took an adjuvant @entity2213 for half a year in 2004. In July 2005, he had a recurrent @entity5 in upper mediastinum. We restarted an @entity2213 after radiation therapy, and got a clinical CR. After he had @entity401 in 2009, he stopped taking inmatinb. Then he took sunitinb for two months after an operation for the sixth local recurrence in February 2010. But the upper mediastium recurrent @entity5 occurred again in November 2010. We restarted sunitinb and got a clinical PR. The @entity1 is now alive and well for 21 years after the initial operation by combined therapies.

title: [Twenty-one-year survival case of rectal XXXX treated with combined therapies].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['rectal leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'imatinib mesylate']

answer: @entity677 :: (MESH:C564650,Disease) :: ['GIST']


abstract: PURPOSE: We assess long-term arterial pressure, renal function, and @entity1 and graft survival in recipients of cadaveric kidney transplant with or without transplant @entity2791 . We also evaluate the risk factors for transplant @entity2791 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed and analyzed baseline clinical, immunological and outcome data for 26 @entity1 with transplant @entity2791 before and after angioplasty, and 72 without @entity850 on angiography. We also analyzed graft and @entity1 survival in 304 cases in which angiography was not performed. RESULTS: The incidence of transplant @entity2791 was 6.6% (26 of 402 @entity1 ). Acute rejection episodes (42 versus 22%, p <0.05) and delayed graft function (50 versus 32%, p <0.10) were more frequent, and mean cold @entity63 time plus or minus standard error (29.2+/-1.7 versus 24.8+/-1.3 hours, p <0.01) was longer in @entity1 with than without transplant @entity2791 . The technical success of angioplasty was 92.3%. @entity256 was documented in 6 of 26 @entity1 (23.1%). Revascularization resulted in a decrease in arterial pressure and better renal function. The 8-year @entity1 (100, 98.6 and 95.7%, respectively) and graft (88.1, 88.9 and 89.3%, respectively) actuarial survival rates were similar among @entity1 with or without transplant @entity2791 , and those who did not undergo angiography. CONCLUSIONS: Transplant @entity2791 had no detectable influence on long-term arterial pressure control, renal function, and @entity1 and graft survival rates, which were similar to those in @entity1 without @entity850 . Long cold @entity63 time may have a role in the development of transplant @entity2791 through @entity63 /reperfusion injury.

title: Transplant @entity2791 : potential role of XXXX /reperfusion injury and long-term outcome following angioplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['Restenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: Recent studies have reported that protection from ischemic preconditioning (PC) is blocked by the opioid receptor antagonist @entity1510 (NAL). We tested whether an opioid agonist could mimic PC in the @entity95 heart, whether that protection involved @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) activation, and whether opioid receptors act in concert with other @entity7131 -coupled receptors. @entity95 hearts were subjected to 30 min @entity1563 and were reperfused for either 3 (in situ) or 2 (in vitro) h. @entity1188 size was determined by staining with @entity5045 . In untreated in situ hearts 38.5+/-1.6% of the risk zone infarcted. PC with 5 min @entity63 /10 min reperfusion significantly limited @entity1188 to 12.7+/-2.9% (p < 0.01). NAL infusion did not modify @entity1188 (39.6+/-1.6%) in non-PC hearts, but blocked the effect of one cycle of PC (34.4+/-3.6% @entity1188 ). NAL, however, could not block cardioprotection when PC was amplified with 3 cycles of @entity63 /reperfusion (9.9+/-1.4% @entity1188 , p < 0.01 vs. control). @entity1286 could also mimic ischemic preconditioning, but only at a dose much higher than would be used clinically (3 mg/kg). In isolated hearts pretreatment with @entity1286 (0.3 microM) significantly limited @entity1188 to 9.3+/-1.2% (p < 0.01 vs. 32.0+/-3.1% in controls). This cardioprotective effect of @entity1286 could be blocked by either the @entity7131 inhibitor @entity668 (30.4+/-2.6% @entity1188 ) or NAL (34.0+/-2.6% @entity1188 ). Neither @entity668 nor @entity3696 by itself modified @entity1188 in non-PC hearts. NAL could not block protection from one cycle of PC in isolated hearts indicating that an intact innervation may be required for endogenous opioid production. Thus, opioid receptors, like other @entity7131 -coupled receptors, participate in the triggering of PC in the @entity95 heart.

title: Opioid receptor contributes to ischemic preconditioning through XXXX activation in @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyltetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusions']

entities_list: @entity668 :: ('MESH:C016299', 'Chemical') :: ['chelerythrine']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'Rabbit']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['Morphine', 'morphine']

answer: @entity7131 :: (MESH:D020151,Disease) :: ['protein kinase C']


abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated whether group-level bias of a 24-h recall estimate of protein and @entity972 intake, as compared to biomarkers, varied across European centers and whether this was influenced by characteristics of individuals or centers. METHODS: The combined data from EFCOVAL and EPIC studies included 14 centers from 9 countries (n = 1,841). Dietary data were collected using a computerized 24-h recall (EPIC-Soft). @entity1568 and @entity972 in 24-h urine collections were used as reference method. Multilevel linear regression analysis was performed, including individual-level (e.g., BMI) and center-level (e.g., food pattern index) variables. RESULTS: For protein intake, no between-center variation in bias was observed in @entity1 while it was 5.7% in @entity1 . For @entity972 intake, the between-center variation in bias was 8.9% in @entity1 and null in @entity1 . BMI was an important factor influencing the biases across centers (p < 0.01 in all analyses). In addition, mode of administration (p = 0.06 in @entity1 ) and day of the week (p = 0.03 in @entity1 and p = 0.06 in @entity1 ) may have influenced the bias in protein intake across centers. After inclusion of these individual variables, between-center variation in bias in protein intake disappeared for @entity1 , whereas for @entity972 , it increased slightly in @entity1 (to 9.5%). Center-level variables did not influence the results. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that group-level bias in protein and @entity972 (for @entity1 ) collected with 24-h recalls does not vary across centers and to a certain extent varies for @entity972 in @entity1 . BMI and study design aspects, rather than center-level characteristics, affected the biases across centers.

title: Bias in protein and XXXX intake collected with 24-h recalls (EPIC-Soft) is rather comparable across European populations.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze whether inclusion of predisposing clinical features in the Lyman-Kutcher-Burman (LKB) normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) model improves the estimation of late @entity344 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: This study includes 468 @entity263 @entity1 participating in a randomized trial comparing 68 with 78 Gy. We fitted the probability of developing late @entity137 within 3 years ( @entity548 , high stool frequency, and @entity1241 ) with the original, and a modified LKB model, in which a clinical feature (e.g., history of abdominal surgery) was taken into account by fitting subset specific TD50s. The ratio of these TD50s is the dose-modifying factor for that clinical feature. Dose distributions of anorectal ( @entity548 and frequency) and anal wall ( @entity1241 ) were used. RESULTS: The modified LKB model gave significantly better fits than the original LKB model. @entity1 with a history of abdominal surgery had a lower tolerance to radiation than did @entity1 without previous surgery, with a dose-modifying factor of 1.1 for @entity548 and of 2.5 for @entity1241 . The dose-response curve for @entity548 was approximately two times steeper than that for frequency and three times steeper than that for @entity1241 . CONCLUSIONS: Inclusion of predisposing clinical features significantly improved the estimation of the NTCP. For @entity1 with a history of abdominal surgery, more severe dose constraints should therefore be used during treatment plan optimization.

title: XXXX , @entity1241 , and high stool frequency after conformal radiotherapy for @entity263 : normal tissue complication probability modeling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Rectal bleeding']


abstract: The etiology of 389 cases of partial or complete bilateral abductor @entity3746 has been determined and classified. One hundred and forty-nine were @entity1 and @entity1 12 years of age and under; 240 were adults, age 13 and older. In the @entity1 and @entity1 the @entity912 were congenital in 82 cases, of which 43 were associated with other @entity154 , and 39 were without associated anomalies. Fifty-nine cases were considered acquired, most being secondary to underlying @entity154 , particularly the associated findings of meningomyelocele, @entity1645 , and @entity1276 . Eight cases of @entity912 in this age group were of undetermined etiology. Of the 240 adult cases of bilateral @entity3746 . 138 followed thyroidectomy. Fifty-two cases were associated with various @entity16 , including @entity3328 , @entity191 , @entity64 , @entity5011 , @entity15 , @entity5 and other miscellaneous neurologic conditions. Sixteen cases were due to @entity5 of the neck and mediastinum. The remaining 34 cases constitute a miscellaneous group which includes @entity5744 , bilateral neck dissection, @entity281 , @entity66 , @entity130 , and idiopathic @entity912 . The characteristic symptoms of bilateral abductor @entity3746 include normal or near normal phonation with inspiratory stridor which may progress to complete @entity1576 . These symptoms are due to the stationary but flaccid midline position of the vocal cords which places them in a phonating position, where they both obstruct the airway and produce a faily clear voice or cry. This paradoxical combination of symptoms was frequently found to be responsible for a failure or delay in diagnosis.

title: Etiology of bilateral abductor XXXX : a review of 389 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accident']

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['poliomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['congenital lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'malignant neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Arnold-Chiari malformation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity5744 :: ('MESH:D005547', 'Disease') :: ['foreign bodies']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['vocal cord paralysis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralyses', 'paralysis']

answer: @entity3746 :: (MESH:D014826,Disease) :: ['vocal cord paralysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Apoptosis plays a role in epithelial and @entity3137 , which is 1 of the mechanisms in the pathogenesis of @entity31 . Apoptotic cells increase as a result of injured mucosa in @entity31 and serum M 30 levels increase in epithelial cell apoptosis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relation between M 30 serum levels and @entity31 activity. METHODS: Eighty @entity1 with @entity31 and 40 healthy controls were enrolled into the study. The @entity1 group consisted of 31 extensive @entity1960 , 30 left-sided @entity1960 , and 19 @entity4272 . The activity of @entity31 was determined with clinical and endoscopic findings. Serum M 30 levels, acute phase reactants, and biochemical tests were analyzed in all subjects. RESULTS: Serum M 30 levels in @entity1 with active @entity31 were significantly higher when compared with the healthy controls (165.6    60.6 and 129.6    37.4; P = 0.003). Serum M 30 levels in active left-sided @entity1960 @entity1 was significantly higher when compared with @entity1 in remission phase (180.6    58.5, 141.5    35.4; P = 0.044). When we exclude @entity1 with @entity1066 , M 30 levels in active @entity31 @entity1 were significantly higher than that the @entity1 in remission phase (174.0    63.5, 135.0    29.9; P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: We found that M 30 levels increase in @entity1 with active @entity31 . Our findings support the role of apoptosis demonstrated by serum M 30 levels in the pathogenesis of active @entity31 .

title: Serum m 30 levels reflects XXXX activity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['proctitis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative proctitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal injury']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preoperative radiological diagnosis and evaluation of @entity298 ( @entity298 ) is suboptimal. Triangle laparoscopy is considered a noncarcinologic option due to the risk of tumoral spreading through the lateral ports into the abdominal wall muscles. Open surgery is therefore often needed to characterize @entity298 . A minimally invasive approach would be progress. METHODS: We aimed to compare access rates to elective sites of @entity298 using natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) with those using @entity302 ( @entity302 ). Sixteen acute experiments were performed in a live porcine model. Back-to-back NOTES and @entity302 standardized peritoneoscopy were conducted in a cross-over design. Access rates to 11 elective sites of @entity298 were considered as end points based on operators' consensus and necropsy verification. RESULTS: Access to the targets was successful in 89 % with NOTES and 80 % with @entity302 (p = 0.27). NOTES and @entity302 achieved a 100 % access rate to the diaphragmatic domes and paracolic gutters, to the splenic area, to the pelvic floor, and to the trigonal bladder (p > 0.99). Access rates of NOTES versus @entity302 to other elective sites of @entity298 were the following: mesentery root (94 % vs. 0 %, p < 0.001), inferior mesenteric vein origin (88 % vs. 0 %, p < 0.001), inferior vena cava (88 % vs. 75 %, p = 0.85), and hepatic pedicle (8 % vs. 100 %, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Both transgastric NOTES and @entity302 provided quick and easy access to most elective sites of @entity298 , except for the mesenteric vessel root (better achieved by NOTES) and the hepatic pedicle (better achieved by @entity302 ). Both techniques could be improved or combined to overcome their specific drawbacks.

title: No-incision (NOTES) versus single-incision (single-port) surgery for access to sites of XXXX : a back-to-back animal study.

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['SPLS', 'single-port laparoscopic surgery']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['limited peritoneal carcinomatosis', 'PC']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis']


abstract: The scavenger receptor class B type I ( @entity22579 ) is a cell surface glycoprotein that plays a key role in reverse @entity165 transport. A polymorphism in exon 8 ( @entity44863 ) has been associated with fasting HDL- and LDL- @entity165 concentrations in Caucasian populations. This study evaluated whether this variant is associated with @entity407 in 59 normolipidemic males. After an overnight fast, the subjects were given a single fat load comprising 60% of energy as fat, 15% as protein, and 25% as @entity1735 . Blood was drawn every hour from baseline to 6 h, then every 2.5 h until h 11. We measured plasma lipid concentrations including @entity1674 (TG) in large and small @entity412 rich lipoprotein particles (TRL). Changes in postprandial small TRL TG differed among groups over time (Pgeno x time = 0.034) whereby TT and CT subjects maintained lower concentrations throughout most of the postprandial period compared with CC subjects. Significant differences occurred at @entity44864 (P < 0.05). Postprandial changes in large TRL TG (Pgeno x time = 0.923) or total TG (Pgeno x time = 0.529) did not differ by genotype. These results suggest that the @entity44863 polymorphism is associated with a lower postprandial TG response in the smaller, partially catabolized lipoprotein fraction.

title: Scavenger receptor class B type I ( @entity22579 ) XXXX polymorphism affects postprandial @entity412 metabolism in men.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['postprandial lipemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity44863 :: (c|SUB|C|1119|T,DNAMutation) :: ['c.1119C>T']


abstract: We have previously shown that ultrasonic tissue characterization with two-dimensional (2D) guided M-Mode acquisition of integrated backscatter (IB) identifies @entity63 and infarcted @entity1562 . However, there is no information regarding the applicability of IB in assessment of right ventricular (RV) myocardial acoustic properties. Thus, we performed IB imaging of the RV in a group of 45 consecutive @entity1 and were successful in 16, all of whom had normal RV wall motion. This group was compared to 8 additional @entity1 studied acutely with clinical criteria of @entity1188 . Real-time IB from RV was obtained from parasternal long @entity2270 . Diastolic-to-systolic cyclic variation of IB in normals was 4.8 +/- 0.9 dB (+/- SD). No significant difference was observed between parasternal and subcostal views (5.2 +/- 0.8 and 4.5 +/- 0.9 dB). Mean value of delay (R wave to nadir of backscatter normalized to the electrocardiographic Q-T interval) was 0.85 +/- 0.07. @entity1 with @entity1188 had significantly lower values averaging 3.2 +/- 0.8 dB (p less than 0.001 vs. normals); cyclic variation of IB was present in all despite severe hypokinesis in 4/8. Mean value of normalized delay was 0.80 +/- 0.04 and was not different from normals. Thus, tissue characterization provides quantitative information regarding RV myocardial structure and function. Preservation of IB cyclic variation in @entity1 with @entity1188 suggests residual RV myocardial viability.

title: Differentiation of normal and @entity63 right ventricular XXXX with quantitative two-dimensional integrated backscatter imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['RV infarction']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['axis or subcostal views']

answer: @entity1562 :: (MESH:D017682,Disease) :: ['myocardium']


abstract: The mechanism of neutrophil-mediated lysis of @entity5 targets was investigated. Tumor lysis was directly related to the concentration of @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ) used to stimulate PMNs. Lysis increased as the @entity4515 concentration increased between 10(-7) and 10(-4) M. In contrast, the production of @entity274 plateaued between concentrations of 10(-5) and 10(-4) M. The K562 @entity6007 cell, the target used in this study, was found to be relatively resistant to preformed @entity274 , with an LD50 of 8.3 X 10(-3) M. @entity3335 was not capable of enhancing K562 lysis. Although resistant to preformed @entity274 , K562 lysis mediated by PMNs stimulated with 10(-7) M @entity4515 was oxidative in nature. It was sensitive to inhibition by catalase and was not significant when PMNs from @entity1 with @entity1117 were used. In contrast, PMN lysis stimulated by 10(-4) M @entity4515 was nonoxidative in nature. The inhibitors catalase and @entity224 dismutase had no effect on lysis, lysis was significant when the assay was performed in an anaerobic atmosphere, and PMNs from @entity1 with @entity1117 were comparable to control PMNs in @entity5 lysis. A single-cell conjugate and @entity137 assay demonstrated that @entity4515 was both able to increase the ability of PMNs to bind to @entity5 targets and to enhance their lysis of bound targets. These data indicate that PMNs are capable of achieving @entity5 lysis by nonoxidative pathways under certain conditions. The high-dose @entity4515 model may be valuable as a tool for investigating these alternative mechanisms of @entity5 lysis.

title: Neutrophil-mediated nonoxidative @entity5 lysis stimulated by high concentrations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['Myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity6007 :: ('MESH:D004915', 'Disease') :: ['erythroleukemia']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

entities_list: @entity1117 :: ('MESH:D006105', 'Disease') :: ['chronic granulomatous disease']

answer: @entity4514 :: (MESH:D013755,Chemical) :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']


abstract: Five groups of six helminth-free @entity1707 of the Iberian and Landrace x White breeds were each experimentally-infected randomly at a dose of 150 larvae per kg, body weight with one of the five @entity8416 isolates, coded as Gm-1, Co-77, Laso, C-76 and Mad-83. These isolates were selected from the two @entity8416 species ( @entity8416 and T. britovi) so far identified in the Iberian Peninsula. Specific antibodies against the @entity281 were measured on days -14, 0, 6, 16, 20, 27, 34, 49, 63 and 82 post-infection (p.i.), in a comparative indirect ELISA assay using three different antigens prepared from the muscle stage of the parasite. The antigens were a crude saline larval extract (CSLE), excretory-secretory (ES) and surface stripped @entity14942 detergent ( @entity14942 ) products. Over all, the dynamics of antibody responses were very similar for @entity281 with the five different isolates, although a significant delay in positive and maximum antibody titres was seen in the group infected with C-76, the isolate exhibiting a marked low infectivity to domestic mammals. ELISA with the crude antigen was more sensitive (positive antibody titres appeared between days 6 and 16 p.i.) than with the ES and @entity14942 preparations (positive titres appeared between days 16 and 20 p.i.). For @entity281 with the C-76 isolate, positive titres appeared between days 16 and 20 p.i. with the CSLE antigen and, on day 27 p.i. with the ES and @entity14942 antigens. Little cross-reactivity with other @entity281 appeared only when ELISA was carried out with CSLE and @entity14942 antigens.

title: Dynamics of porcine humoral responses to experimental XXXX by Spanish @entity8416 isolates: comparison of three larval antigens in ELISA.

entities_list: @entity8416 :: ('6334', 'Species') :: ['T. spiralis', 'Trichinella']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'common porcine helminth infections']

entities_list: @entity14942 :: ('MESH:C004322', 'Chemical') :: ['cetyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide', 'CTAB']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with @entity1118 are often undertreated with medications alone and need alternative ways of coping. Identifying @entity158 coping skills @entity1 use may be beneficial; however, no research has investigated whether @entity1 are aware of their coping skills. The purpose of this study was to determine whether @entity1 are aware of their @entity158 coping skills, whether certain @entity1 characteristics were related to using coping strategies, and whether coping strategies were related to @entity146 symptoms. Chart reviews were conducted on seventy-eight @entity1118 @entity1 who completed a semi-structured psychological interview. @entity1 endorsed using more coping strategies on the measure compared to the verbal self-report. Identifying with certain @entity1 demographics was related to higher use of some coping strategies. Symptoms of @entity148 and @entity308 were also related to the use of some coping strategies. @entity148 was negatively related to ignoring the @entity158 and using self-talk coping statements and positively related to catastrophizing. @entity308 was negatively related to the use of distraction, ignoring the @entity158 , and using self-talk coping statements. @entity308 and @entity158 severity were both positively related to catastrophizing and prayer. Results suggest that clinicians may need to help @entity1 become aware of adaptive coping strategies they already use and that the use of certain coping strategies is related to lower levels of @entity308 and @entity148 .

title: How do I cope with @entity158 ? Let me count the ways: awareness of @entity158 coping behaviors and relationships with XXXX and @entity148 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: The @entity563 protease @entity28044 ( @entity28044 ), principally involved in the processing of polypeptide hormone precursors in neuroendocrine tissues, requires interaction with the neuroendocrine protein 7B2 to generate an enzymatically active form. 7B2 null @entity19 express no @entity28044 activity and release large quantities of uncleaved ACTH, resulting in a lethal endocrine condition that resembles pituitary Cushing's (Westphal, C. H., Muller, L., Zhou, A., Bonner-Weir, S., Schambelan, M., Steiner, D. F., Lindberg, I. _ Leder, P. (1999) Cell 96, 689). Here, we have compared the 7B2 and @entity28044 null @entity19 models to determine why the 7B2 null, but not the @entity28044 null, exhibits a lethal disease state. Both 7B2 and @entity28044 nulls contained highly elevated pituitary @entity11982 (ACTH); the neurointermediate lobe content of ACTH in 7B2 nulls was 13-fold higher than in @entity7097 @entity19 ; that of the @entity28044 null was 65-fold higher. However, circulating ACTH levels were much higher in the 7B2 null than in the @entity28044 null. Because @entity1640 inhibitory dopaminergic control represents the major influence on intermediate lobe proopiomelanocortin-derived peptide secretion, @entity935 levels were measured, and they revealed that 7B2 null pituitaries contained only one-fourth of @entity7097 pituitary @entity935 . Adrenalectomized 7B2 null animals survived past the usual time of @entity204 at 5 weeks; a month after adrenalectomy, they exhibited normal levels of pituitary @entity935 , circulating ACTH, and @entity2819 . Elevated @entity2819 , therefore, seems to play a central role in the lethal phenotype of the 7B2 null, whereas a 7B2-mediated @entity942 state may be involved in the actual ACTH @entity4089 phenomenon. Interestingly, adrenalectomized 7B2 nulls also developed unexpectedly severe @entity28 .

title: Mortality in 7B2 null @entity19 can be rescued by adrenalectomy: involvement of @entity935 in ACTH XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hypersecretion']

entities_list: @entity11982 :: ('18976(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['dopaminergic deficiency']

answer: @entity4089 :: (MESH:D006966,Disease) :: ['hypersecretion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We are the first to report one-staged resection of a spinal metastasis from @entity13996 after preoperative Onyx   -20 embolization by direct percutaneous puncture.Spinal metastases from cranial @entity2698 are extremely rare. Surgical morbidity of these highly vascularized tumours results mainly from excessive @entity190 . Preoperative embolization of @entity5 has been used to reduce intraoperative @entity190 for a long time. To avoid complications from arterial catheter intervention, direct percutaneous puncture has been advocated as a safe and effective alternative. METHODS: A 46-year-old @entity1 with a history of @entity13996 deriving from the left frontal skull base presented with a short history of @entity615 . A magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed an intra- and extra @entity66 of the thoracic spine at Th 12. Indication for @entity5 resection was made and the @entity1 's written consent was obtained. Preoperatively, arterial catheter angiography was performed to reveal the @entity5 's angioarchitecture, revealing high-flow arteriovenous shunts. In order to impede the expected perioperative @entity190 , @entity5 embolization by direct percutaneous puncture and application of Onyx   -20 was performed prior to surgery. RESULTS: After percutaneous Onyx   -20 embolization, complete and safe resection of the lesion could be achieved. There was only minimal @entity190 perioperatively. A pathohistological report confirmed malignant, anaplastic @entity2698 . CONCLUSIONS: In our case Onyx   -20 embolization via direct percutaneous puncture of a highly vascularized @entity5 was shown to be a safe and efficient tool prior to surgery. Despite high-flow arteriovenous shunts, direct percutaneous administration of non-adhesive @entity1068 liquid was an efficient alternative to transarterial catheter embolization. The perioperative @entity190 could be substantially diminished.

title: Spinal metastasis from malignant meningeal intracranial XXXX : one-staged percutaneous Onyx    embolization and resection - a technical innovation.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['spinal mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity13996 :: ('MESH:C562740', 'Disease') :: ['malignant cranial hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity2698 :: ('MESH:D006393', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hyper vascular tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['lower back pain']

answer: @entity2698 :: (MESH:D006393,Disease) :: ['hemangiopericytoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To classify the predominant pattern of injuries following blunt and penetrating @entity764 and to assess the adequacy of treatment strategies, complications and mortality associated with such injuries. DESIGN: Descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Surgical Unit I, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi, from December 2000 to December 2003. @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred consecutive @entity1 with thoracic @entity130 either blunt or penetrating, admitted in the ward were evaluated. Their injuries were classified, treatment strategies outlined and complications and mortality were documented on a specially-designed proforma. RESULTS: Out of the 100 @entity1 presenting in emergency, 44% presented with blunt and 56% with penetrating @entity130 . Pneumothorax was detected in 39% of the @entity1 , hemopneumothorax in 29%, hemothorax in 12%, flail chest in 9 %. Two had involvement of the heart and major vessels, 4 % had @entity130 and 5 % had @entity1230 . During treatment, 3% of all the @entity1 were managed conservatively, 83% of @entity1 required chest intubations, 6% needed ventilatory support and 8 % required thoracotomy. Complications were experienced in 28% of the @entity1 of which 9% had @entity55 , 14% @entity3509 and 5 % suffered from @entity2737 . The overall mortality was 7 %. CONCLUSION: This series showed the pattern of injuries following blunt and penetrating @entity764 . Furthermore, it was found that chest intubation and simple resuscitation was adequate for majority of the cases.

title: Classification and management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonias']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infections']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest trauma']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple trauma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the diaphragm', 'trauma']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['chest trauma']


abstract: A 24-year-old @entity1 presented with severe back @entity158 in the lumbar and sacral regions and septic temperatures up to 40 degrees C. Las  gue's sign was bilaterally positive. An enhanced cell count was seen in the CSF (1877 cells/microliters, erythrocytes 1024/microliters). Total protein concentration was 4440 mg/dl. The @entity1 also suffered from granulocytic pleocytosis. X-ray as well as scintigrams revealed @entity32 of the presacral soft parts involving the os sacrum and bone marrow. Treatment with @entity3403 (200 mg/d), @entity8912 (5 g/d), @entity5153 (400 mg/d) and @entity800 (200 mg/d) succeeded in curing the @entity693 , whereas the presacral phlegmon persisted. Endoscopic examination showed a rod-shaped foreign body in the rectum that had penetrated deeply into the mucosa and required deformation and removal by laser. The plastic rod of 10 cm length was probably a liquorice stick. The @entity1 denied introducing it per anum; he suspected having swallowed it while drunk. The @entity32 subsided rapidly after removal of the foreign body.

title: [Presacral phlegmons and XXXX as the complications of a foreign body in the rectosigmoid].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity8912 :: ('MESH:D005578', 'Chemical') :: ['fosfomycin']

entities_list: @entity5153 :: ('MESH:D009428', 'Chemical') :: ['netilmicin']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['ofloxacin']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['meningitis']


abstract: @entity1260 is an antineoplastic drug with efficacy and activity in @entity5 . This drug can be administered safely in a hospital setting if @entity137 and side effects are monitored frequently by a well-informed and educated nursing staff. Problems may occur in any bodily system, such as the kidney, central nervous system (CNS), gastrointestinal tract, and bone marrow. This article reviews appropriate ways to monitor for complications and plan correct nursing interventions. @entity1260 (Ifex, Mead Johnson) is an alkylating agent that is not cell cycle specific. One of its metabolites, @entity8697 , is responsible for @entity811 . Concurrent administration of mesna (Mesnex, Mead Johnson) is used to prevent this complication. The metabolite @entity36373 may be responsible for CNS @entity137 . When kidney function and electrolytes are within normal limits and psychotropic medications are not given concomitantly, this rarely occurs. Gastrointestinal @entity137 are usually not severe, but may include occasional @entity390 and @entity391 . @entity1503 includes platelet-sparing myelosuppression, which can be successfully supported with the administration of growth factors.

title: XXXX . Patient care management.

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['numerous cancers']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity36373 :: ('MESH:C004656', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroacetaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['Ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity8697 :: ('MESH:D000171', 'Chemical') :: ['acrolein']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['Ifosfamide']


abstract: Flap dynamics of @entity2858 protease ( @entity645 -pr) controls the entry of inhibitors and substrates to the active site. Dynamical models from previous simulations are not all consistent with each other and not all are supported by the NMR results. In the present work, the effect of force field on the dynamics of @entity645 -pr is investigated by @entity601 simulations using three AMBER force fields ff99, ff99SB, and ff03. The generalized order parameters for @entity6346 backbone are calculated from the three force fields and compared with the NMR S2 values. We found that the ff99SB and ff03 force field calculated order parameters agree reasonably well with the NMR S2 values, whereas ff99 calculated values deviate most from the NMR order parameters. Stereochemical geometry of protein models from each force field also agrees well with the remarks from NMR S2 values. However, between ff99SB and ff03, there are several differences, most notably in the loop regions. It is found that these loops are, in general, more flexible in the ff03 force field. This results in a larger active site cavity in the simulation with the ff03 force field. The effect of this difference in computer-aided drug design against flexible receptors is discussed.

title: Conformational dynamics of XXXX protease: a comparative molecular dynamics simulation study with multiple amber force fields.

answer: @entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was designed as an economic evaluation alongside a randomized clinical trial. The object of this study was to evaluate the 1-year cost-effectiveness of surgical treatment of morbid @entity28 comparing two operations. METHODS: 100 @entity1 were assigned randomly to vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) or @entity3813 -Band surgery. Both medical and non-medical costs were identified and measured. Costs data were combined with percentage Excess Weight Loss (%EWL) and with Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) to obtain cost per %EWL and cost per QALY ratios. RESULTS: At 1 year, the total costs were not significantly different between both groups (95% confidence interval E5,999-E1,765). Also, the @entity1017 after surgery was not significantly different between the two groups. However, %EWL was significantly higher in the VBG group compared to the @entity3813 -Band group, P-value .0001. The estimated incremental cost per %EWL was E105.83 (E1,885.91/-17.82). For the costs per QALY, the estimated ratio was dominant. The overall mortality in this study was 2%. 2 @entity1 in the VBG group died within 30 days after surgery; 1 of these deaths was possibly related to the VBG procedure. CONCLUSION: At 1 year after surgery, the costs and QoL of the two treatment modalities were found to be equal. Therefore, the selection of the procedure can be based on the clinical aspects, effectivity and safety at 1 year. In addition, the results of a long-term cost-effectiveness analysis (e.g. with a follow-up of 36 months) planned in the future can also be helpful in the selection of the preferred treatment.

title: One-year cost-effectiveness of surgical treatment of morbid XXXX : vertical banded gastroplasty versus @entity3813 -Band.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Recommendations concerning postoperative extubation after thymectomy for @entity1737 are presently based upon retrospective chart reviews. We present the results of a prospective investigation of time to extubation after thymectomy for 14 @entity1 over a 12-month period based upon a protocol that included preoperative immunologic therapy, combined epidural and general anesthesia, postoperative epidural narcotic @entity1337 , and a standardized approach to discontinuation of ventilatory support. After a neurologist took measures to optimize preoperative neuromuscular function, all 14 @entity1 received agents to produce lumbar epidural anesthesia and light general anesthesia. Muscle relaxants were avoided in all but one @entity1 . @entity86 was initially maintained with epidural @entity10748 , then therapy was switched to @entity1 -controlled intravenous @entity1286 . Criteria for weaning from mechanical ventilation, first measured at the end of anesthesia, were partial pressure of @entity26 (arterial) greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg (fraction of inspired @entity26 = 0.40), partial pressure of @entity544 (arterial) less than or equal to 50 mm Hg, pH greater than or equal to 7.30, and respiratory rate less than or equal to 30 breaths/min. If these criteria were not met, ventilatory support was continued postoperatively with intermittent mandatory ventilation, and the @entity1 was weaned gradually from this support. Criteria for extubation included meeting the criteria for weaning, vital capacity greater than or equal to 10 mL/kg, and inspiratory pressure better than -30 cm @entity2507 . Criteria for reintubation included @entity7405 (respiratory rate greater than 40 breaths/min), @entity12906 not due to narcotics, or vital capacity less than or equal to 8 mL/kg. The mean time to extubation was 9 hours (range, 0.75 to 25 hours). Mean preoperative vital capacity was 2.59 +/- 0.64 L (range, 1.90 to 4.20), which decreased approximately 50% to 1.19 +/- 0.39 L (range, 0.70 to 2.0) at the time of extubation. No @entity1 required reintubation. Half of the @entity1 required postoperative anticholinesterase therapy based upon serial neurologic examinations; there were no instances of cholinergic crisis. Thirteen @entity1 returned to the ward on the first postoperative day, and one on the second day. Thirteen @entity1 preferred epidural @entity1337 to @entity1 -controlled @entity1337 . The time to extubation and average length of stay in an intensive care setting were markedly reduced compared to those reported in previous retrospective studies. We conclude that a multidisciplinary approach that optimizes neuromuscular function and decreases poststernotomy pulmonary insult will shorten the time to extubation and decrease the length of stay in the intensive care or recovery room after thymectomy.

title: Extubation after transsternal thymectomy for XXXX : a prospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12906 :: ('MESH:D000142', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory acidosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity7405 :: ('MESH:D059246', 'Disease') :: ['tachypnea']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine sulfate']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity10748 :: ('MESH:D004091', 'Chemical') :: ['hydromorphone']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Intraoperative echogenic appearance of liver @entity3 from @entity14 is a prognostic factor of outcome after curative treatment. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. SETTING: Department of Surgery at a university hospital. @entity1 : One hundred forty-three consecutive @entity1 with hepatic @entity3 from @entity14 who underwent liver resection with curative intent between 1992 and 1998. INTERVENTION: Curative treatment was achieved by liver resection alone, liver resection plus edge cryotherapy, or liver resection plus cryotherapy to lesions not amenable to further resection. In @entity1 with more than 2 lesions, a hepatic artery catheter was placed for regional chemotherapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The echogenic appearance of the liver @entity3 was assessed by intraoperative ultrasound by a single @entity1 throughout the study using a 5-MHz ultrasound probe. The findings were prospectively entered into the database. RESULTS: Fifty-four percent of @entity1 had hyperechoic @entity3 . This group had significantly longer overall (log rank, P<.001) and recurrence-free survival (log rank, P =.004) compared with @entity1 who had hypoechoic @entity3 (36%). A significantly higher percentage of mucin-secreting @entity5 were found in the hypoechoic @entity1 group (chi(2), P =.001). Dukes stage of the @entity5 (P =.02), echogenicity of the liver secondaries (P =.04), and diameter of the largest resected @entity3 (P =.01) were independent prognostic factors for recurrence-free survival in the Cox regression model. CONCLUSION: These results support the hypothesis that echogenicity of liver @entity3 from @entity14 is an independent prognostic factor of outcome after curative resection.

title: Echogenicity of liver XXXX is an independent prognostic factor after potentially curative treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'person']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: The use of sentinel node surgery for @entity418 is still under investigation. We evaluated the data available in the literature on this topic, and herein present the results in a systematic review format. PUBMED, SCOPUS, the ISI web of knowledge and the information from the annual meetings of the Japan Esophageal Society were searched using the search terms: "(esophagus OR esophageal) AND sentinel". The outcomes of interest were the detection rate and sensitivity. Overall, 18 studies were included. The pooled detection rate was 89.2% [82.6-93.5]. @entity1 with T1 and two @entity5 had a 17% higher detection rate compared to those with T3 and four @entity5 . The pooled sensitivity was 84% [78-88%]. The sensitivity was higher for @entity420 compared to @entity957 ( @entity957 ) (91 vs. 81%). In the @entity957 @entity1 , there was a trend toward decreased sensitivity associated with an increasing @entity5 depth (T1:88%, T2:76%, T3:50%). Our analysis indicated that sentinel node biopsy is useful in @entity420 @entity1 . For @entity957 @entity1 , including only cN0 @entity1 (preferably @entity6493 ) would increase the detection rate and sensitivity. Due to the limited number of high-quality studies, drawing any more definite conclusions is impossible. Large cohort studies with a standardized and consistent design will be needed in the future.

title: Accuracy of sentinel node biopsy in XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis of the pertinent literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: @entity48103 is a potent and structurally novel inhibitor of the intestinal disaccharidases, such as maltase and sucrase. Genetically obese- @entity6 @entity19 , KKA(y), were used to examine the acute or long-term effectiveness of this compound. @entity48103 decreased a postprandial rise in blood @entity413 after @entity969 solution loading dose-dependently; the ED50 to reduce a delta increment of blood @entity413 by 50% was 0.22 mg/kg. The intestinal sucrase and maltase activities were suppressed to 7 and 48% of the control levels, respectively, at a dose of 0.21 mg/kg. Four-week-old female KKA(y) @entity19 were kept on a laboratory diet containing 10 or 50 ppm of @entity48103 for 12 weeks. The high dose of @entity48103 reduced food intake and body @entity1017 throughout the experimental period. On the other hand, the low dose reduced body @entity1017 for the first 4 weeks without any effect on food intake. Development of the @entity4854 and @entity3190 characteristic of KKA(y) @entity19 was moderately prevented by the low dose, and completely by the high dose. @entity2298 tended to be suppressed by the @entity48103 treatment. The high dose decreased the hemoglobin A1 level and parametrial adipose tissue weight. @entity1560 were ameliorated by @entity48103 dose-dependently. @entity8 was ameliorated by the high dose. These findings indicate that @entity48103 may be useful for treating @entity1 @entity28 and @entity6 .

title: Antiobesity and antidiabetic actions of a new potent disaccharidase inhibitor in genetically obese- XXXX @entity19 , KKA(y).

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatomegaly and fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']