abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal resection extent for @entity7172 ( @entity7172 ) remains controversial. The objective of the study was to investigate risk factors of bilateral @entity7172 and central @entity1600 (CLNM) to guide surgical strategies for @entity7172 @entity1 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 211 @entity7172 @entity1 who underwent total thyroidectomy (TT) and 122 clinical lymph node-negative (cN0) cases that underwent prophylactic @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) between 2010 and 2011. The frequency, pattern, and predictive factors for bilateral @entity7172 and CLNM in these @entity1 were studied using univariate and multivariate analysis with respect to the following variables: age, gender, extrathyroidal extension (ETE), T stage, with @entity2621 ( @entity2621 ), @entity5 size and multifocality based on final pathology, and preoperative evaluation using ultrasonography (US). RESULTS: Fifty-four of 211 (25.6%) @entity1 had bilateral @entity7172 . In multivariate analysis, multifocality (P   <   0.001, OR   =   23.900) and @entity5 size >= 7 mm (P   =   0.014, OR   =   2.398) based on US were independent predictive factors for bilateral @entity7172 which was also independently associated with multifocality (P   <   0.001, OR   =   29.657) and @entity5 size >= 7 mm (P   =   0.005, OR   =   2.863) based on final pathology. Among 122 cN0 @entity1 who underwent prophylactic @entity1600 , we found 49.2% of @entity1 had CLNM. CLNM was independently associated with @entity1 , age <50 years and @entity5 size >= 7 mm based on final pathology or preoperative US. CONCLUSIONS: TT should be considered for @entity7172 @entity1 who are found multifocality and @entity5 size >= 7 mm based on preoperative US. @entity1600 need be considered in cN0 @entity1 who are @entity1 , aged <50 years or @entity5 size >= 7 mm based on preoperative US.

title: Factors predictive of papillary thyroid micro-carcinoma with bilateral involvement and central XXXX : a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['Hashimoto thyroiditis', 'HT']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis', 'central lymph node dissection', 'CLND']

entities_list: @entity7172 :: ('MESH:C563277', 'Disease') :: ['PTMC', 'papillary thyroid microcarcinoma']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['lymph node metastasis']


abstract: Case reports and an open trial have reported promising responses to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to prefrontal and temporo-parietal sites in @entity1 with @entity74 ( @entity74 ). We recently showed that a single session of rTMS to the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) was associated with a reduction in symptoms and increase in physiological arousal. Seven @entity1 with medication-resistant DSM-IV @entity74 received up to 20 sessions of right-sided rTMS to the VLPFC for 10 weeks. Stimulation was guided using neuronavigation software based on @entity1 ' individual structural MRIs, and delivered at 110% of resting motor threshold. A session consisted of 1Hz repetitive @entity938 for 15min. The primary outcome measure was reduction in depersonalization symptoms on the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale (CDS). Secondary outcomes included scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). 20 sessions of rTMS treatment to right VLPFC significantly reduced scores on the CDS by on average 44% (range 2-83.5%). Two @entity1 could be classified as "full responders", four as "partial" and one a non-responder. Response usually occurred within the first 6 sessions. There were no significant adverse events. A randomized controlled clinical trial of @entity938 for @entity74 is warranted.

title: Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of XXXX : A consecutive case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['depersonalization disorder', 'DPD']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['depersonalization disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The @entity1729 in the pathogenesis of @entity102 ( @entity102 ) has been rarely studied and remains controversial. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of respiratory viruses in the chronic status of @entity102 . STUDY DESIGN: A case-control prospective study. METHODS: Fifty-three control subjects, and 67 @entity102 with @entity480 (CRSwNP) and 61 @entity102 without @entity480 (CRSsNP) @entity1 without signs of acute @entity1800 were enrolled. Epithelial cells scraped from the middle nasal meatus were tested for the nucleic acid of nine common respiratory viruses using polymerase chain reaction assay. The clinical disease severity was compared between subjects with and without @entity1800 . RESULTS: The overall detection rate of @entity1800 was 75.47%, 68.66%, and 73.77% in controls, CRSwNP, and CRSsNP, respectively, and no significant difference among studied groups was observed. There was no significant difference in detection rate of any specific individual virus or multiple viruses among the groups studied either. Visual analog scale scores of symptoms, computed tomography scores, or endoscope scores did not show obvious difference between subjects with and without @entity1800 . CONCLUSIONS: Although a high frequency of @entity1800 could be observed in the middle nasal meatus, no increase of frequency of @entity1800 could be demonstrated in chronic persistent phase of CRSsNP and CRSwNP. The contribution of the interaction between @entity1800 and host immunity to the pathogenesis of @entity102 remains to be determined. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3b. Laryngoscope, 124:832-837, 2014.

title: @entity1729 in the chronic persistent phase of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis', 'CRS']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['role of respiratory viral infection']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyp']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Apoptotic cardiomyocyte @entity204 is induced during open heart surgery, but its determinants are poorly understood. Prolonged aortic clamping time is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether occurrence of cardiomyocyte apoptosis is related to the duration of aortic clamping in experimental @entity1707 model of cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS: The @entity1707 (mean weight 29 +/- 1 kg) were randomly divided to undergo @entity1167 for 60 (n = 4) or 90 (n = 4) min followed by reperfusion period of 120 min. Control group (n = 5) was connected to cardiopulmonary bypass for 120 min without @entity1167 . Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected (TUNEL assay and immunohistochemical staining of active caspase-3) in left ventricular tissue samples obtained before @entity63 and after the @entity63 -reperfusion period. RESULTS: Apoptotic cardiomyocytes were found in all samples obtained after @entity1167 and cardiopulmonary bypass alone with the TUNEL assay. The amount of apoptosis after the 120 min of cardiopulmonary bypass alone in the control group was 0.006 +/- 0.001%. Compared with this, cardiomyocyte apoptosis was increased after @entity1167 . After 60 min of aortic cross-clamp the amount of apoptosis was 0.019 +/- 0.004% (p = 0.031). After 90 min of aortic cross-clamp the amount was 0.042 +/- 0.005% (p < 0.001) being significantly higher than after 60 min (p = 0.001). Aortic cross-clamp of 90 min also resulted in a detectable increase in caspase-3 activation when compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of cardiomyocyte apoptosis increases with prolonged aortic clamping time during open heart surgery.

title: Cardiomyocyte apoptosis and duration of aortic clamping in XXXX model of open heart surgery.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardioplegic arrest']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: Recent evidence implicates PI 3-kinase in @entity6057 signal transduction. The fungal metabolite @entity2307 is a specific inhibitor of PI 3-kinase both in vitro and in vivo when used at nanomolar concentrations. Therefore, we examined the effect of @entity2307 on stimulation of primary T cells and T cell lines. @entity2307 had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on @entity6057 -dependent primary T cell proliferation with IC50 in the nanomolar range. Furthermore, activation of T cell lines independently of antigen presenting cells and, therefore of any @entity1361 co-stimulatory signaling, was also sensitive to @entity2307 . As expected, @entity4621 stimulation bypassed PI 3-kinase signal transduction. Importantly, the effect of @entity2307 correlated with inhibition of activation of PI 3-kinase in stimulated T cells. The earliest step in T cell activation, @entity669 kinase activation, was not significantly affected by @entity2307 . We conclude that a @entity2307 -sensitive enzyme, probably PI 3-kinase, acting downstream of @entity669 kinases, but independently of the @entity4621 activated pathway, is necessary for stimulation of T cells via the @entity6057 , and that this requirement is independent of any role of PI 3-kinase in co-stimulation via @entity1361 coreceptor. PI 3-kinase is most probably involved in generation of 3-phosphorylated lipid products, and is not merely an adaptor.

title: Evidence for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent @entity6057 ( XXXX ) signal transduction.

entities_list: @entity2307 :: ('MESH:C009687', 'Chemical') :: ['wortmannin', 'Wortmannin']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity6057 :: (6962,Gene) :: ['TCR']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Octreotide, a @entity1943 analogue, has been shown to prevent angiogenesis in diverse in vitro models. We evaluated its effect on @entity2479 in vivo, using a neonatal @entity35 @entity989 model. METHODS: We used, on alternating days, @entity519 (10% O2) and @entity871 (50% O2) during the first 14 days of neonatal @entity35 , to induce @entity2479 . Half of the @entity35 were injected subcutaneously with octreotide 0.7 microg/g BW twice daily. At day 18 the eyes were evaluated for the presence of @entity548 , @entity2295 and epiretinal proliferation. Octreotide pharmacokinetics and its effect on serum @entity11249 ( @entity11249 ) and @entity2135 ( @entity2135 ) were examined in 28 rats. RESULTS: Serum octreotide levels were 667 microg/l two hours after injection, 26.4 microg/l after nine hours and 3.2 microg/l after 14 hours. @entity11249 levels were decreased by 40% (p = 0.002) two hours after injection but thereafter returned to baseline. @entity2135 levels were unchanged two hours after injection and were elevated by 26% 14 hours after injection (p = 0.02). Epiretinal membranes were highly associated with @entity548 (p < 0.001), @entity2479 was notably associated with @entity548 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Twice-daily injections of @entity2390 failed to produce sustained decrease in serum @entity11249 , but produced rebound elevation of serum @entity2135 . Accordingly, no statistically significant effect of injections on retinal pathology was noted. This finding, however, does not contradict our assumption that @entity11249 suppression may decrease the severity of @entity989 .

title: @entity2390 , a XXXX analogue, fails to inhibit @entity519 -induced @entity2479 in the neonatal @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreal hemorrhages', 'epiretinal and vitreal hemorrhage', 'epiretinal hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal neovascularization', 'while retinal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity2135 :: ('24482(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['somatostatin']


abstract: The effect of photoperiodic conditions on sexual behavior was investigated in male @entity329 that were either gonadally intact, or castrated and treated with low doses of @entity251 throughout the experiment. Hamsters were exposed to long (LD 16:8) or short (LD 8:16) days for 7 weeks; for the next 8 weeks, either they were exposed to an intermediate daylength (LD 12:12), or daylength conditions remained unchanged. Sexual behavior was affected by photoperiod conditions in both gonadally intact animals and @entity251 -treated castrates, but to different degrees. Intact males exposed to short days for 15 weeks exhibited @entity444 , and their copulatory performance was impaired. The percentage of animals that intromitted or ejaculated was significantly reduced. Additional measures of sexual performance among the copulating males were also affected. In contrast, among the castrates with @entity251 clamped at low but stable levels, the proportion of males that mounted, intromitted, or ejaculated was not affected by photoperiod. However, among the males that continued to copulate, sexual performance changes were present in the short-day castrates that resembled those displayed by the intact males. We infer that these behavioral effects in both hormonal conditions reflect primarily a difficulty in the attainment of intromission. Gonadal regression alone cannot easily account for the behavioral deficits of the intact males, because circulating @entity251 levels at the end of the experiment were not significantly different between the gonadally intact hamsters and the castrated, @entity251 -treated hamsters exposed continuously to short days. Males transferred from either long or short days to the intermediate-daylength condition responded behaviorally to this photoperiod as if it were a short day, that is, their ejaculatory frequency declined. We conclude that male hamsters exposed to photoinhibitory daylengths exhibit deficits in their sexual behavior, not only because endogenous levels of @entity251 decrease, but also because the substrates on which this hormone acts become less responsive. We hypothesize that under physiological conditions, the episodic secretion of @entity251 imposes constraints on the maintenance or restoration of copulation, and that the potent behavioral effects achieved by constant-release implants of @entity251 may mask the presence of photoperiodically induced alterations in the hamster's sensitivity to this gonadal hormone.

title: Photoperiodic influences on sexual behavior in male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal regression']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamsters']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Syrian hamsters']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We investigated the activity and safety of @entity2857 , a multitargeted @entity669 -kinase inhibitor, in @entity1 with @entity242 ( @entity242 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: An open-label nonrandomised multicentre phase II study was conducted in advanced @entity242 @entity1 pre-treated with @entity4349 -based chemotherapy. @entity1 received @entity2857 400 mg twice daily for 28 days. The primary end point was the progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 6 months. @entity137 was assessed. Clinical outcomes were evaluated in all histologies and in @entity1822 (L) and @entity242 (A). RESULTS: Between November 2006 and January 2010, 101 @entity1 (36 L, @entity5686 , and 46 others) were enrolled; 76 @entity1 per-protocol (PP) and 100 per intention-to-treat (ITT) were assessable for the primary end point. In the PP analysis, 11 (14.5%) achieved partial response and 25 (32.9%) stable disease; 6-month PFS rates were all histologies, 34.5%; L, 38.4%; and A, 56.3%. In the ITT analysis, 6-month PFS results were 27.1, 35, and 35.5% in all histologies, L, and A, respectively. When stratified by histology, we observed a better PFS favouring @entity1822 versus other histologies (P = 0.033). Treatment was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2857 appears to be a promising option in @entity1822 @entity1 . This finding warrants further evaluation in histology-driven trials.

title: Phase II prospective study with @entity2857 in @entity242 after XXXX -based therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['advanced soft tissue sarcomas', 'angiovascular sarcomas', 'STS']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib', 'Sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity4349 :: (CHEBI:48120,Chemical) :: ['anthracycline']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of Xinganbao Capsule (Cordyceps Sinensis) on the @entity6194 liver @entity82 . METHODS: Sixty @entity1 with @entity6194 were randomly assigned to the trail group (40 cases) and the control group (20 cases). The trail group was treated with Xinganbao Capsule, 8 capsules each time, three times a day. The control group was given Heluo Shugan Tablet, 5 pills each time, thrice daily. Six months consisted of one therapeutic course. The liver function, four indicators of serum @entity82 , liver histology, and other items were detected. RESULTS: Xinganbao Capsule could reduce serum ALT and @entity6571 levels, serum HA, PC-III and LN levels (all P<0.05), showing statistical difference when compared with before treatment. The HA and LN levels decreased more significantly in the control group when compared with before treatment (P<0.05). Totally 21 @entity1 (53% of the recruited cases) in the trial group completed the liver biopsy twice. After treated with Xinganbao Capsule, 81% @entity1 (17/21) had @entity1578 1 grade or more, 52% @entity1 (11/21) had decreased @entity82 staging one or more, and 33% (7/21) @entity1 had no change in @entity82 . CONCLUSION: Xinganbao Capsule could improve the liver function, reduce @entity409 , and fight against @entity1575 .

title: [Clinical research of xinganbao capsule on the treatment of XXXX liver @entity82 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6194 :: ('MESH:D019694', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['decreased liver inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis']

answer: @entity6194 :: (MESH:D019694,Disease) :: ['chronic hepatitis B']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been used to relieve @entity253 . Follow-up was limited in previous studies, and the role of NSAIDs in the natural history of @entity253 has not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of @entity3522 , a potent NSAID, in the the immediate symptomatic relief of @entity253 and the prevention of @entity2963 -related complications. METHODS: Fifty-three @entity1 with @entity2963 and @entity253 were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. They received a single 75-mg (3 mL) intramuscular injection of @entity3522 (n = 27) or similarly administered 3 mL of saline (n = 26). All @entity1 were followed up for at least 3 days. The effect of either treatment was assessed by changes in the severity of @entity158 and the development of @entity2963 -related complications. RESULTS: Complete relief of @entity158 was obtained in 21 @entity3522 and in 7 placebo @entity1 ; progression to acute @entity2679 was observed in 4 and 11 @entity1 , respectively. Fewer overall complications were observed in the @entity3522 group. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity2963 who present with @entity253 , a single 75-mg intramuscular dose of @entity3522 can provide satisfactory @entity158 relief and decrease substantially the rate of progression to acute @entity2679 .

title: Treatment of XXXX with @entity3522 : a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary colic']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary colic']


abstract: Nanoporous @entity3440 layers are able to host molecules and release them over a certain period of time. These local drug delivery systems for antibiotics could be a new approach in the treatment of @entity102 media. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of nanoporous @entity3440 coatings on middle ear prostheses as a delivery system for antibiotics in vivo. @entity796 was inoculated into the middle ear of @entity95 to induce an @entity2346 media. The control group received coated Bioverit  II implants without antibiotics. Coated prostheses with loaded @entity2177 were implanted into the middle ears of the study group. After 1 week, the @entity95 were sacrificed. The clinical examination as well as the microbiological and histological examinations of organs and middle ear irrigation revealed clear differences between the two groups. @entity796 was detected in every middle ear of the control group and was almost completely eliminated in the study group. Organ examinations revealed the presence of @entity796 in the control group and a prevention of a bacterial spread in the study group. The nanoporous @entity3440 layer as antibiotic delivery system showed convincing efficacy in induced @entity2346 media in the @entity95 .

title: Efficacy of nanoporous XXXX coatings on middle ear prostheses as a delivery system for antibiotics: an animal study in @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic otitis']

entities_list: @entity2346 :: ('MESH:D010031', 'Disease') :: ['otitis', 'pseudomonal otitis']

answer: @entity3440 :: (MESH:D012822,Chemical) :: ['silica']


abstract: PURPOSE: The management of @entity15 ( @entity15 ) and the integration of related specialty pharmacy programs within health systems are discussed. SUMMARY: @entity15 is a progressive immune-mediated @entity6220 . Current treatment strategies include the use of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) that have various degrees of efficacy and tolerability. These DMTs also differ with respect to frequency and route of administration, which can significantly impact @entity1 compliance and ultimately their response to therapy. The introduction of oral and injectable DMTs requiring less-frequent injections and having better adverse-effect profiles may help @entity1 improve adherence to therapy; however, access to these therapies is often restricted due to both their high cost and limited distribution. These DMTs include fingolimod, @entity1291 , @entity15626 , and pegylated interferon beta-1a. All others, with the exception of fingolimod, have limited distribution. Pharmacists in health-system pharmacy programs can play a significant role in assisting @entity1 with @entity15 manage their disease efficiently and safely by educating them about their therapies, ensuring compliance with the associated risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS) program, and helping them access these therapies in a timely manner. CONCLUSION: @entity15 is a progressive @entity16 that requires lifelong treatment with DMTs. Good compliance, compliance with the associated REMS program, and timely access to these drugs may positively influence @entity1 care and outcomes and provide an opportunity for the health-system pharmacists to have a active role in caring for these @entity1 .

title: Management of XXXX and the integration of related specialty pharmacy programs within health systems.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disorder']

entities_list: @entity15626 :: ('MESH:C056020', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl fumarate']

entities_list: @entity1291 :: ('MESH:C527525', 'Chemical') :: ['teriflunomide']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: @entity302 is a clinical paroxysmal disorder of recurring @entity410 , excluding @entity167 or drug withdrawal @entity410 or such recurring exogenous events as repeated insulin-induced @entity4053 . @entity302 has a profound impact on each individual diagnosed with this disease. @entity410 have been and are thought to arise as a result of abnormalities in (a) neural circuits, (b) excitation/inhibition balance, (c) @entity972 , and (d) @entity74 . Therapy for @entity302 is either medical, entailing the use of a variety of antiepileptic drugs, or surgical. An urgent approach to @entity410 control is indicated when @entity159 occurs. When all standard therapy fails, general anesthesia can be used to control @entity159 . Surgery is an option in the treatment of @entity302 and requires extensive preoperative evaluation. The primary concerns for the neuroanesthesiologist anesthetizing the @entity1 with @entity302 are the capacity of anesthetics to modulate or potentiate @entity410 activity and the interaction of anesthetic drugs with antiepileptic drugs. Proconvulsant and anticonvulsant properties have been reported for nearly every anesthetic. If @entity410 spikes are to be evoked during @entity410 surgery, then light anesthesia with a proconvulsant anesthetic is used. Conscious analgesia can be used for awake @entity410 surgery. However, if electrocorticography is not planned, then a general anticonvulsant anesthetic maintenance regimen is used. The latter technique also may be useful in @entity1 whose anesthetic management is complicated by an incidental history of @entity302 .

title: Anesthetic implications of @entity302 , @entity159 , and XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: This quasi-experimental repeated measures study examined the relationship between centralization of symptoms and lumbar flexion and extension range of motion (ROM) in @entity1 with @entity1643 . Rapid and lasting changes in lumbar ROM have been noted with centralization of symptoms. However, no study has objectively measured the changes in lumbar ROM occurring with centralization. Forty-two adult subjects (mean age, 45.68 years; SD=15.76 years) with @entity1643 and associated lower extremity symptoms were followed by McKenzie trained physical therapists. Subjects' lumbar ROM was measured at the beginning and end of each @entity1 visit by using double inclinometers, and @entity158 location was documented. Subjects were grouped as 1) centralized, 2) centralizing, or 3) noncentralized for comparisons of symptom and ROM changes. Data were analyzed by using multivariate analysis of variance and one-way analysis of variance. Significance was set at 0.05. A significant difference was found between initial and final mean extension ROM in the centralized and centralizing groups (p=0.003). No significant difference was found in the noncentralized group (p<0.05). Subjects (n=23) who demonstrated a change in @entity158 location during the initial visit also showed a significant (p<0.001) change in extension ROM, whereas @entity1 with no change in @entity158 location (n=19) did not (p=0.848). Lumbar extension ROM increased as centralization occurred.

title: Centralization of symptoms and lumbar range of motion in XXXX with @entity1643 .

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1534 (C.p.) infection is often found in @entity1 with antral @entity3621 and @entity10189 . Pathophysiological links are still unclear, and we therefore tested the hypothesis whether C.p. affects the gastrointestinal peptides and thus influences gastric acid secretion and protective factors. 94 @entity1 were examined by upper GI endoscopy and blood analyzed for @entity8243 , @entity1943 , pancreatic polypeptide and @entity10056 . Biopsies of antral mucosa were investigated for C.p. in urease testing, culture and microscopy. C.p. was found in 42 @entity1 (45%). In microscopy all of these @entity1 had @entity102 (100%). A significant increase in @entity8243 uninfluenced by C.p. was found in @entity1 with antral @entity3621 (normal: 6.4 +/- 0.7, [n = 27]; @entity3621 without C.p.: 18.4 +/- 5.9 [p less than 0.02], [n = 7]; @entity3621 with C.p.: 10.7 +/- 2.2, [n = 22]). @entity1943 , pancreatic polypeptide and @entity10056 showed no difference.

title: [ XXXX colonization of the antrum: effect of @entity8243 , @entity1943 , pancreatic polypeptide and @entity10056 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Campylobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin', 'Somatostatin']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Campylobacter pylori']


abstract: A tetragonal @entity4832 ( @entity939 ) scaffold with 3D orthogonal periodic porous architecture was fabricated via @entity2798 ( @entity2798 ) technology. The scaffold was fabricated under the laser power of 8  W, scan speed of 600  mm @entity1009 ), laser spot diameter of 0.8  mm and layer thickness of 0.15  mm. The microstructure analysis showed that the degree of crystallization decreased while the @entity939 powder melts gradually and fuses together completely with laser power increasing. Thermal decomposition would occur if the laser power was further higher (16  W or higher in the case). The porous architecture was controllable and totally interconnected. The porosity of the fabricated scaffolds was measured to be 67.9    2.7% which satisfies the requirement of micro-pores of the bone scaffolds. Its bioactivity and biocompatibility were also evaluated in vitro as tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds. In vitro adhesion assay showed that the amount of pores increased while the scaffold remains stable and intact after immersion in simulated body fluid for seven days. Moreover, the number of MG-63 cells and the bridge between cells increased with increasing time in cell culture. The present work demonstrates that @entity939 scaffolds with well-defined porous architectures via @entity2798 technology were designed and fabricated for bone TE.

title: Fabrication of porous XXXX scaffold for bone tissue engineering via @entity2798 .

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['selective laser sintering', 'SLS']

answer: @entity4832 :: (MESH:D011142,Chemical) :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']


abstract: Adding organic acids to piglet diets is known to be helpful in overcoming postweaning syndrome, and @entity4877 is known to be the main energy source for the epithelial cells of the large intestine and the terminal ileum. This study investigated the effect of @entity11413 (SB) on in vitro and in vivo @entity1707 microflora, piglet growth performance, and intestinal wall morphology. During a 24-h in vitro cecal fermentation, total gas production and maximal rate of gas production were reduced linearly by SB (P < 0.001). @entity3265 in cecal liquor was increased linearly by SB after 4, 8, and 24 h of fermentation (P < 0.001). In the in vivo study, 48 piglets housed in individual crates were allotted to 4 treatment groups (12 animals per treatment) for 6 wk. Piglets received a basal diet with a) no addition (control), or with SB at b) 1,000 ppm, c) 2,000 ppm, or d) 4,000 ppm. After 6 wk, 6 animals per treatment were killed, and samples of intestinal content and mucosa were collected. @entity11413 did not improve the animal growth performance. In the cecum, SB increased pH and @entity19414 concentration (linear, P < 0.05) and tended to increase @entity3265 concentration (P = 0.056). Intestinal counts of clostridia, enterobacteriaceae, and @entity880 bacteria as well as intestinal mucosal morphology were not affected by feeding SB. This study showed that SB influenced the cecal microflora in an in vitro system, reducing the total gas production but increasing @entity3265 concentrations. When fed to piglets, SB did not improve the animal growth performance, increased cecal pH, and tended to increase cecal @entity3265 concentrations. Further studies will be needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying the effects observed when SB is fed to piglets.

title: Performance, intestinal microflora, and wall morphology of weanling XXXX fed @entity11413 .

entities_list: @entity3265 :: ('MESH:D000641', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonia', 'Ammonia']

entities_list: @entity11413 :: ('CHEBI:64103', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium butyrate', 'Sodium butyrate']

entities_list: @entity4877 :: ('MESH:D020148', 'Chemical') :: ['butyric acid']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity19414 :: ('MESH:C020380', 'Chemical') :: ['isobutyric acid']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor (anti- @entity310 ) treatment in @entity4932 ( @entity4932 )-associated @entity1596 . METHODS: 24 @entity1 with @entity1596 taking etanercept and 21 taking infliximab were studied. The endpoint ophthalmological evaluation was at 24 months or at the termination of the first biological agent. The ocular inflammatory activity was graded on the basis of the number of anterior chamber cells. RESULTS: Of the 45 @entity1 , @entity1596 improved in 14 (31%), no change was observed in 14 (31%) and the activity of @entity1596 increased in 17 (38%). Inflammatory activity improved more frequently (p=0.047) in the @entity1 taking infliximab than in those taking etanercept. The number of @entity1596 flares/year was higher (p=0.015) in the @entity1 taking etanercept (mean 1.4, range 0-3.2) than in those taking infliximab (mean 0.7, range 0-2). @entity1596 developed for the first time while taking anti- @entity310 treatment in five @entity1 -4 taking etanercept (2.2/100 @entity1 -years) and 1 taking infliximab (1.1/100 @entity1 -years). CONCLUSIONS: During anti- @entity310 treatment, the @entity558 improved in one-third of the @entity1 with @entity1596 . In @entity6990 , associated with refractory @entity4932 , infliximab may be more effective than etanercept.

title: Infliximab and etanercept in the treatment of chronic @entity1596 associated with refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmological condition']

entities_list: @entity6990 :: ('MESH:D014606', 'Disease') :: ['chronic anterior uveitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['Uveitis', 'uveitis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']


abstract: 1. The behavior of a breeding colony of larger Malayan @entity19 deer was observed for seven months. 2. @entity19 deer produce a noise by stamping with one or both hind feet when slightly alarmed. Other individuals may or may not stamp in response. 3. Both males and females mark objects with the inter-mandibular gland. Males mark much more frequently than females. 4. Males often lick the urine of females; less frequently, females lick the urine of males. @entity19 deer do not "flehmen" in response to urine. 5. Males court both receptive and unreceptive females. Courting males mark the female on the back or rump with the inter-mandibular gland and emit a series of squeaks. The behavior of both unreceptive and receptive females and copulation are described. 6. Females have a post-partum estrus and return to estrus at approximately 14 day intervals unless they become pregnant. 7. Mothers spend little time with @entity1 . Mothers emit a vocalization which sounds like the squeak of courting males. Both mothers and @entity1 emit a higher pitched vocalization. If her @entity1 emitted this vocalization the mother answered and approached and stood by it. The mother nurses in a standing position and raises the hind leg on the side towards the @entity1 . 8. Intense agonistic behavior was seen only when strange individuals were introduced into established groups. Males fight by facing each other and biting each other on the ears, neck, and shoulders with their large upper @entity235 . Fighting males usually hold the tail in a vertical position, exposing the white ventral surface, and may emit loud growls. If one male flees, the other pursues and attempts to bite him on the neck and body. 9. @entity19 deer are morphologically primitive and many of their motor patterns are also thought to be primitive. 10. The behavior of all four living tragulid species appears to be quite similar, both with respect to motor patterns and social behavior.

title: Behavior of captive XXXX deer, Tragulus napu.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Deletions are commonly observed in genes with either segments of highly homologous sequences or excessive gene length. However, in the factor IX gene and in most genes, deletions (of > or = 21 bp) are uncommon. We have analyzed DNA from 290 families with @entity4777 (203 independent mutations) and have found 12 deletions > 20 bp. Eleven of these are > 2 kb (range > 3-163 kb), and one is 1.1 kb. The junctions of the four deletions that are completely contained within the factor IX gene have been determined. A novel mutation occurred in @entity1 HB128: the data suggest that a 26.8-kb deletion occurred between two segments of alternating @entity3042 and @entity6245 and that a 2.3-kb sense strand segment derived from the deleted region was inserted. For our sample of 203 independent mutations, we estimate the "baseline" rates of deletional mutation per base pair per generation as a function of size. The rate for large (> 2 kb) deletions is exceedingly low. For every mutational event in which a given base is at the junction of a large deletion, there are an estimated 58 microdeletions (< 20 bp) and 985 single-base substitutions at that base. Analysis of the nine reported deletion junctions in the factor IX gene literature reveals that (i) five are associated with inversions, orphan sequences, or sense strand insertions; (ii) four are simple deletions that display an excess of short direct repeats at their junctions; (iii) there is no dramatic clustering of junctions within the gene; and (iv) with the exception of alternating @entity3042 and @entity6245 , deletion junctions are not preferentially associated with repetitive DNA.

title: The rates and patterns of deletions in the XXXX factor IX gene.

entities_list: @entity6245 :: ('MESH:D011743', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidines']

entities_list: @entity4777 :: ('MESH:D002836', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia B']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity43 is a highly malignant @entity5 with high mortality rates. Research to identify markers facilitating early detection has been pursued for many years. Currently, diagnosis is based on the @entity10224 and @entity3422 markers, as well as the ROMA algorithm. The search continues for new proteins that meet the criteria of good markers A total of 90 @entity1 were included in the present study, allocated into: group 1, @entity43 , with 29 @entity1 ; group 2, @entity1478 , with 30s; and group 3, simple @entity42 , with 31. Following histopathological verification, the @entity10224 , @entity3422 , and metalloproteinase 3 ( @entity1549 ) levels were determined and the ROMA algorithm was calculated for all @entity1 . The mean concentrations of all determined proteins, @entity10224 , @entity3422 , and @entity1549 , as well as the ROMA values, were significantly higher in group 1 ( @entity43 ) compared to group 3 (simple @entity42 ). The highest significant differences for the @entity10224 levels (<0.000001) and ROMA (<0.000001) values were observed in postmenopausal @entity1 . For @entity3422 , statistical significance was at the level of p=0.00001 compared to p=0.002 for @entity1549 . For the differentiation between @entity43 and @entity1478 , the respective AUC ratios were obtained for @entity10224 , @entity3422 , and @entity1549 levels, as well as the ROMA values ( 0,93 / 0,96 / 0,75 / 0,98). After removing the post-menopausal @entity1 , the @entity1549 AUC value for @entity43 vs. benign @entity42 increased to 0.814. For post-menopausal @entity1 , the @entity1549 AUC value for @entity43 vs. @entity1478 was 0.843. As suggested by the results above, both the @entity10224 and @entity3422 markers, as well as the ROMA algorithm, meet the criteria of a good diagnostic test for @entity43 . @entity1549 seems to meet the criteria of a good diagnostic test, particularly in postmenopausal @entity1 ; however, it is not superior to the tests used to date.

title: XXXX in Comparison to @entity10224 , @entity3422 and the ROMA Algorithm in @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'Ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cysts']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cysts']

answer: @entity1549 :: (4314,Gene) :: ['MMP3']


abstract: We report our experience with external fixation in 15 @entity3330 in 14 @entity1 . Follow-up times ranged from 4 to 56 months. Thirteen @entity1 had @entity1230 . All but two @entity174 healed. In one @entity1 with a supracondylar @entity174 , a knee arthrodesis had to be performed. One @entity4034 of the femur led to amputation. The range of active knee joint motion was greater than or equal to 90 degree in 13 knees. Only six knees, however, regained a flexion of greater than or equal to 120 degrees. Pin tract infection occurred in one case and resolved uneventfully after revision and systemic antibiotics. External fixation should not be routinely used for fixation of @entity3330 , but may be considered in multiply injured and critically ill @entity1 or in case of extensive soft tissue injury.

title: External fixation of XXXX : experience with 15 cases.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['septic osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fractures']

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['femoral fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Although evidence is accumulating on the importance of a good night's sleep for healthy eating and activity behaviors, existing research has mainly been conducted in high-income, developed countries with limited sociocultural variability. This study is the first to examine the associations between sleep patterns and @entity146 in @entity1 from 12 countries in five major geographic regions of the world. METHODS: This observational, multinational cross-sectional study included 5777 @entity1 aged 9-11 years from sites in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Finland, India, Kenya, Portugal, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States. Nocturnal sleep duration (hours per night), sleep efficiency (%) and bedtime (h:min) were monitored over 7 consecutive days using an accelerometer. Lifestyle behaviors included moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), total @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ), self-reported screen time (ST) and healthy/unhealthy diet patterns (HDP/ @entity858 ). Multilevel modeling analyses were used to account for the hierarchical nature of the data. RESULTS: Overall, @entity1 averaged 8.8 (s.d. 0.9) hours of sleep with 96.2% (s.d. 1.4) sleep efficiency and a mean bedtime of 2218 hours. After adjustment for age, sex, highest parental education and BMI z-score, results showed that (i) sleep duration was negatively associated with MVPA, @entity1054 and @entity858 score; (ii) sleep efficiency was negatively associated with MVPA and @entity858 score, and positively associated with @entity1054 ; and (iii) later bedtime was positively associated with @entity1054 , ST and @entity858 score, and negatively associated with MVPA and HDP score. Results using categories of sleep patterns were consistent with the linear associations. Results also revealed that associations between sleep patterns and MVPA, @entity1054 and ST were significantly different between study sites, with stronger associations in high-income countries compared with low/middle-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep characteristics are important correlates of @entity146 in @entity1 . Differences between countries suggest that interventions aimed at improving sleep and @entity146 should be culturally adapted.

title: Associations between sleep patterns and @entity146 in XXXX : an international comparison.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['SED', 'sedentary time']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['lifestyle behaviors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Mononuclear cell-mediated @entity137 may be an important cellular immune function in host lung defense. Prior investigators have shown that lung macrophages participate in cell @entity137 which is antibody-dependent ( @entity14114 ). We tested the hypothesis that @entity133 share some cell surface receptors for the Fc portion of IgG, i.e., Fc receptors, similar to those found on circulating monocytes in order to function in @entity14114 . Hence, @entity14114 mediated by autologous @entity1 blood monocytes and lung macrophages was studied by measuring the release of @entity8680 from prelabeled target erythrocytes coated with IgG. Alveolar macrophages were obtained from healthy adult subjects by bronchoalveolar lavage and tested against two different erythrocyte target cells to measure @entity14114 activity. Our results show significant activity by @entity133 demonstrated against @entity1573 erythrocytes at a target to effector cell ratio of 2:1 or 10:1 and with an antibody concentration of 1:100 or 1:400 (volume per volume, p less than 0.05, Student's test). However, when a peripheral blood monocyte specific target cell ( @entity1 type B erythrocyte) was utilized, @entity133 were not as capable of significant @entity14114 activity against these monocyte-specific target cells. The inability of lung macrophages to function in @entity14114 against other target cells (i.e., @entity1 type B erythrocytes) unlike the peripheral blood monocytes suggests that some Fc receptors are not shared. In other words, these different cell types share IgG receptors but differences in activity may be due to some changes in the Fc portions of IgG due to cellular differentiation. The use of these target cells may potentially be useful in functionally discriminating between two types of adherent autologous mononuclear cells (lung macrophages vs. blood monocytes).

title: Antibody-dependent cellular XXXX mediated by lung macrophages: a comparison of two target cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar macrophages']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: The survivors of @entity5 have an increased risk of second @entity5 , especially in the lung. Therefore, the authors were interested, if there is an increase of @entity1613 or @entity5 in bronchopulmonary biopsies of the @entity1 after @entity5 treatment. There were 70 (38 transbronchial and 32 bronchial) of 5,097 bronchopulmonary biopsies in 58 @entity1 (55 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 ) with history of @entity189 . The age of the @entity1 ranged from 39 to 81 years (mean value 62.5 years). The biopsies were performed from 1 month to 23 years after surgical treatment and/or radiation therapy due to squamous @entity189 . The frequency of metaplastic, @entity5 was contrary to expectation a bit lower than in routine bronchial biopsies. But in contrast with the latter, metastases were 10 times more common among @entity5 . In 19 of 58 @entity1 @entity5 appeared from 1 month up to 276 months after laryngectomy. Four @entity1 had definitively, and another 5 very probably second @entity189 . Ten @entity1 presented with metastases from @entity5 . The possibilities to differentiate metastatic laryngeal and second @entity189 are discussed.

title: Bronchopulmonary changes after XXXX treatment--differentiation between metastatic laryngeal and second @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumorous lesions', 'laryngeal cancer', 'dysplastic and tumorous lesions', 'primary cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinoma', 'primary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['laryngeal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity2600 plus @entity900 (IP regimen) compared with @entity136 plus @entity900 (GP regimen) as a first-line treatment for advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: A total of 63 @entity1 were randomly assigned to two regimens. IP Group (31 @entity1 ): @entity2600 100 mg/m(2), iv, @entity17079 ; @entity900 25 mg/m(2), iv, d1 to d3, and 3 weeks a cycle. GP Group (32 @entity1 ): @entity136 1000 mg/m(2), @entity17079 ; @entity900 25 mg/m(2), iv, d1 to d3, and 3 weeks a cycle. All the @entity1 at least received two cycles of therapy. The response rate (RR), disease control rate (DCR), median time @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), l-year survival rate, and side effects were observed. RESULTS: Among the 31 cases of IP group, 8 @entity1 had PR, 17 @entity1 had @entity168 and 6 @entity1 had @entity1726 . The RR and DCR were 25.8% (8/31) and 80.6% (25/31), respectively. The @entity5 was 6.7 months, @entity1349 was 11.2 months and the 1-year survival rate was 45.2% (14/31). Among 32 cases in the GP group, 11 @entity1 had PR, 18 @entity1 had @entity168 and 3 @entity1 had @entity1726 . The RR and DCR were 34.4% (11/32) and 90.6% (29/32), respectively. The @entity5 was 6.5 months, @entity1349 was 11.0 months and the 1-year survival rate was 43.7% (14/32). The main side effects of the two groups included hematologic @entity137 , digestive tract reaction and hair loss. The incidence of @entity294 in the IP group was significantly higher than that in the GP group (P < 0.05), but the incidence of @entity882 in the GP group was significantly higher than that in the IP group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that the two regimens have similar efficacy as a first-line treatment for advanced @entity1149 . The major @entity137 of the two regimens are well tolerable.

title: [A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial of XXXX plus @entity900 versus @entity136 plus @entity900 as a first-line treatment for advanced @entity1149 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'to tumor progression']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['median survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['irinotecan']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal antibiotic regimen is still controversial in open @entity174 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two different antibiotic regimens in management of type III-A open @entity174 . METHODS: From January 2001 to January 2008, @entity1 with type IIIA open @entity174 admitted in Shahid Beheshti Hospital Affiliated to Babol University of Medical Sciences were enrolled. @entity1 randomly received @entity7048 plus @entity801 (group I) or @entity7048 plus @entity2177 (group II). Both regimens were administered for 3 days. All @entity1 were followed for 3 months. The efficacy of both regimens was compared. RESULTS: One hundred-forty eight and 153 @entity1 were treated in group I and II, respectively. The mean age of the @entity1 treated in group I was 36.96  14.4 and in group II was 36.93  13.51 years. The rate of @entity281 in group I was 5.4% and in group II was 6.5%. The efficacy of regimen I was 94.6% and regimen II was 93.5%. CONCLUSION: @entity7048 plus @entity801 , or @entity7048 plus @entity2177 both can be successfully used for prevention of @entity4422 .

title: Comparison the Efficacy of @entity7048 plus @entity801 with XXXX plus @entity2177 in Management of Type -IIIA Open @entity174 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity7048 :: ('MESH:D002437', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefazolin', 'cefazolin']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity4422 :: ('MESH:D005597', 'Disease') :: ['infection in type IIIA open fractures']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection']

answer: @entity7048 :: (MESH:D002437,Chemical) :: ['Cefazolin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bloodstream infections (BSI) are frequent and potentially severe complications in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (AHSCT) recipients. In @entity1 on @entity230 , surveillance blood cultures (SBCs) are routinely performed to detect asymptomatic BSI but their usefulness remains controversial. METHODS: We performed a 1-year, observational, prospective, single-center study to assess the utility of daily SBCs in AHSCT recipients on @entity230 and a case control study to identify risk factors associated with positive SBCs. All blood cultures (BCs) obtained from adults hospitalized in the HSCT unit were prospectively studied throughout 1 year. Characteristics, treatments, and outcome of @entity1 were retrieved from medical charts. RESULTS: A total of 3594 BCs were obtained in 177 @entity1 , including 1450 SBCs in 82 AHSCT recipients on @entity230 . In 33 @entity1 , 103 SBCs (7%) were positive. Low-virulence bacteria were identified in 74% of episodes. When analyzing first episode of positive SBCs (28 @entity1 ), 6 (21%) true BSI were identified. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with positive SBCs were receiving antibiotic treatment less frequently at the time of SBCs (P<0.001) and had more frequently BCs obtained through central venous access (P<0.04) when compared to @entity1 with negative SBCs. Daily SBCs in AHSCT recipients on @entity230 only rarely identify BSI and clear benefit for @entity1 could not be demonstrated. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Usefulness of daily surveillance blood cultures in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients on XXXX : a 1-year prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: Recent studies have demonstrated a role for microvascular and @entity130 in some models of salt-sensitive @entity101 . We utilized a model of post- @entity205 (CsA) @entity8 and @entity101 to test the hypothesis that treatment with an angiogenic factor aimed at ameliorating the microvascular and @entity8 would prevent the development of @entity101 . CsA was administered with a low-salt diet for 45 days, resulting in a @entity8 characterized by afferent arteriolopathy, focal peritubular capillary loss, and tubulointerstitial @entity82 . @entity35 were then placed on a high-salt diet and randomized to receive either vascular endothelial growth factor ( @entity6667 (121)) or vehicle for 14 days. Placement of @entity35 with established CsA @entity8 on a high-salt diet results in the rapid development of salt-sensitive @entity101 . @entity6667 (121) treatment resulted in lower blood pressure, and this persisted on discontinuing the @entity6667 . @entity6667 (121) treatment was also associated with a decrease in osteopontin expression, macrophage infiltration, and collagen III deposition and markedly stimulated resolution of the arteriolopathy (20.9 +/- 7.8 vs. 36.9 +/- 6.1%, @entity6667 vs. vehicle, P < 0.05). In conclusion, CsA-associated renal microvascular and @entity130 results in the development of salt-sensitive @entity101 . Treatment of animals with established CsA @entity8 with @entity6667 reduces the @entity101 response and accelerates histological recovery. The vascular protective effect of @entity6667 may be due to the improvement of arteriolopathy. Angiogenic growth factors may represent a novel strategy for treating CsA-associated @entity101 and @entity8 .

title: Post- @entity205 -mediated @entity101 and XXXX : amelioration by vascular endothelial growth factor.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal lesion', 'renal disease', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial injury']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anti- @entity1024 receptor (NMDAR) @entity198 is a severe @entity792 characterized by high intrathecal antibody synthesis. Little is known about the long-term follow-up of the cerebrospinal fluid antibody status. OBJECTIVE: To describe persistent intrathecal antibody synthesis in a clinically healthy @entity1 15 years after recovering from anti-NMDAR @entity198 . DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Academic medical center. @entity1 : A 40-year-old @entity1 who had been diagnosed as having @entity198 of unknown origin in 1995. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical evaluation and NMDAR antibody testing. RESULTS: On reexamination in 2011, the @entity1 had fully recovered. Investigation of archived as well as follow-up serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples revealed intrathecal synthesis of NMDAR antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: This is the longest follow-up on a patient with anti-NMDAR @entity198 . Our findings emphasize that intrathecal antibody synthesis does not necessarily reflect disease activity and that the significance of NMDAR antibody titers needs to be interpreted for each @entity1 according to the clinical context.

title: Persistent intrathecal antibody synthesis 15 years after recovering from anti- XXXX @entity198 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'person', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorder']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']


abstract: PURPOSE: The main benefits of robot-assisted transaxillary thyroid surgery are to overcome the technical limitations of other endoscopic procedures for this surgical pathology and to avoid any cervical @entity272 . This article describes the first experience of a Romanian team with the endoscopic robot-assisted thyroid surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used the da Vinci SI intuitive surgical system to carry out 50 thyroid operations: 33 unilateral total lobectomies with isthmectomy (TL), 8 unilateral total lobectomies, with @entity717 , and 9 total thyroidectomies. Preoperatively, the @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity8170 in 42 cases, nodular @entity1669 in 3 cases, @entity2743 in 2 cases, @entity137 in 2 cases, and @entity5651 in 1 case. We analyzed the clinical characteristics, size and location of the nodules, surgery duration, @entity260 , @entity158 medication, histopathological findings and postoperative cosmetic results. RESULTS: All surgical procedures were carried out without major incidents. One case required conversion to open approach. The mean length of surgery was 159        38.2  min and the average console time was 68        39.9  min; postoperatively, we recorded one case of transient @entity5300 , one transient @entity3746 , one transient @entity3747 , and four postoperative wound complications. The final histopathological examination revealed two cases of well-differentiated @entity189 . CONCLUSIONS: This paper reports the largest series to date in Southeast Europe about robot-assisted transaxillary thyroidectomy. On a group of selected Caucasian @entity1 , postoperative results were similar to open cervicotomy in terms of @entity260 . The major cosmetic advantage is the absence of scar in the anterior cervical region.

title: Operative outcomes of robot-assisted transaxillary thyroid surgery for benign thyroid disease: early experience in 50 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8170 :: ('MESH:D006044', 'Disease') :: ['nodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic thyroid adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['Basedow disease']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus neurapraxia']

entities_list: @entity5651 :: ('MESH:D006042', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse goiter']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin incision']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral subtotal lobectomy']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['vocal cord paresis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intravenous @entity68 is typically administered during the hemodialysis (HD) procedure. The extent of @entity2739 45, a novel intravenous @entity68 formulation, removal by high-flux (HF) or high-efficiency (HE) dialysis membranes at various ultrafiltration rates (UFR) is unknown. METHODS: An in vitro HD system was constructed to determine the dialyzability of @entity68 from a normal saline compartment (NSC) containing 1000 mg @entity68 of @entity2739 45. The in vitro system utilized a 6-L closed-loop SBS system that was subject to 4 different HD conditions conducted over 4 hours: HE membrane + 0 ml/h UFR; HE membrane + 500 ml/h UFR; HF membrane + 0 ml/h UFR; HF membrane + 500 ml/h UFR. Blood flow and dialysate flow rates were 500 ml/min and 800 ml/min, respectively. The dialysate compartment was a 6-L closed-loop system. A volumetric HD machine controlled all blood, dialysate, and ultrafiltration rates. NSC and dialysate compartment samples were taken at various time points and @entity68 elimination rate (khd) and HD clearance (Clhd) was determined. @entity68 removal from the NSC > 15% was considered clinically significant. RESULTS: The percent removal of @entity68 from the NSC was < 0.5% at all time points in the study. Dialysate recovery of @entity68 was negligible: 1.7-5.1 mg. @entity2739 45 removal elimination rates from NSC were less than -0.001 h(-1) (range -0.0002 +/- 0.0001 to -0.0001 +/- 0.0002 h (-1)) for all study conditions. Dialyzer type or UFR did not effect @entity68 removal. CONCLUSION: HF or HE dialysis membranes do not remove clinically significant amounts of @entity2739 45 over a 4-hour in vitro HD session. This effect remained constant even controlling for UFR up to 500 ml/hour. @entity2739 45 is not dialyzed by HE or HF dialysis membranes irrespective of UFR.

title: Determination of XXXX 45 (IND#63,243 - American Regent) removal by closed loop in vitro hemodialysis system.

answer: @entity2739 :: (5212,Gene) :: ['VIT']


abstract: Detergents are very useful for the purification of membrane proteins. A good detergent for protein extraction has to prevent denaturation by unfolding, and to avoid aggregation. Therefore, gaining access to the mechanism of biomembranes' solubilization by detergents is crucial in biochemical research. Among the wide range of detergents used to purify membrane proteins, @entity6072 (OG) is one of the most important as it can be easily removed from final protein extracts. Here, we used real-time atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging to visualize the behavior of a model supported lipid bilayer in the presence of OG. Two kinds of supported model membranes were prepared by fusion of unilamellar vesicles: with an equimolar mixing of @entity14146 / @entity4747 ( @entity14146 / @entity4748 ) or with @entity4748 alone. Time-lapse AFM experiments evidenced that below its critical micelle concentration (CMC), OG was not able to solubilize the bilayer but the gel @entity4748 domains were instantly dissolved into the @entity14146 matrix. This result was interpreted as a disorganization of the @entity4748 molecular packing induced by OG. When membranes were incubated with OG at concentrations higher than CMC, the detergent immediately provoked the complete and immediate desorption of the whole bilayer for both compositions: @entity4748 and @entity14146 / @entity4748 . After a while, some patches appeared onto the bare mica surface. This redeposition activity, together with fusion events, progressively led to the recovery of a continuous bilayer. These results provide a new insight on the unique properties of OG employed in membrane reconstitution protocols.

title: Solubilization of supported lipid membranes by XXXX observed by time-lapse atomic force microscopy.

entities_list: @entity4747 :: ('MESH:D015060', 'Chemical') :: ['dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity14146 :: ('MESH:C017251', 'Chemical') :: ['dioleoylphosphatidylcholine', 'DOPC']

entities_list: @entity6072 :: ('MESH:C018619', 'Chemical') :: ['n-octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside']

answer: @entity6072 :: (MESH:C018619,Chemical) :: ['octyl glucoside']


abstract: A @entity1 with @entity565 presented with a history of recurrent episodes of @entity4 . The swelling occurred in the preauricular area and extended to the angle of the jaw. The @entity1 attributed these episodes to a " @entity5419 " as they occurred during or immediately following meals. The only medication the @entity1 was using was inhaled @entity1425 ( @entity7544 MistR), two puffs, ten to twenty times a day. Subsequent evaluation revealed that the @entity1 had @entity370 . Differential diagnosis of the @entity4 included food-related @entity113 , @entity8174 , or @entity2922 -induced sialadenosis, which is a rare complication associated with excessive @entity2922 administration. A @entity26819 scan demonstrated abnormal pulmonary and hilar uptake of the radiotracer, but not lacrimal or parotid gland uptake, strongly arguing against @entity370 as the cause of the @entity4 . Episodes of swelling completely abated when the @entity1 stopped using the @entity1425 inhalers. At 5 months of follow-up she has had two recurrent episodes of @entity4 , each time associated with the use of inhaled @entity1425 . Thus this @entity1 's @entity4 most likely represents @entity2922 -induced sialadenosis. This adverse drug reaction, associated with excessive use of inhaled @entity2661 must be kept in mind in @entity1 who abuse inhaled beta-adrenergic agonists and report parotid swelling.

title: @entity4 secondary to inhaled bronchodilator abuse: XXXX -induced sialadenosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8174 :: ('MESH:D010309', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoid parotitis']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['facial swelling']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity26819 :: ('MESH:C103850', 'Chemical') :: ['gallium-67 citrate']

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['angioedema']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity7544 :: ('CHEBI:28918', 'Chemical') :: ['Primatene']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity2922 :: (CHEBI:33567,Chemical) :: ['catecholamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Surgery is the only potentially curative treatment for @entity356 . Western surgeons have recently performed extended operations while Japanese surgeons reported therapeutic value of extended lymphadenectomy (D2, D3) long before. We aimed to observe the benefits and hazards of this procedure. METHODOLOGY: We analyzed respectively 56 @entity1 operated for @entity356 between 2001 and 2004. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 were male and median age was 63 years (range, 34-85 years). Subtotal and total gastrectomies were performed in 29 and 27 @entity1 , respectively. @entity5 extension and @entity1 's physical status determined the extent of node dissection. Disease stage was III or IV in 63.2% of @entity1 . Number of maximal nodes resected was 48 and maximal metastatic node count was 41. Splenectomy was performed in 4 (14%). Roux en Y anastomosis was performed either manually or with a circular stapler. Four @entity1 (7.1%) had @entity260 with no hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Gastric resection with extended lymph node dissection is a safe procedure with acceptable morbidity when performed by an experienced surgeon.

title: Extended lymphadenectomy for XXXX : a single center experience in Istanbul.

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: The central @entity17 @entity7578 ( @entity7578 ) is caused by the @entity1 polyomavirus @entity8315 (JCV). JCV evolved as geographically based genotypes of which Type 3 is an African variant first characterized in @entity2858 positive @entity1 from Tanzania. This study reports the complete sequence of five JCV Type 3 strains. The entire JCV genome was PCR amplified from urine specimens of three African and two African-American individuals. The African consensus sequence was compared to the Type 1 and Type 2 prototype strains, JCV ( @entity20400 ) and JCV(GS/B), respectively. Type 3 differed in 2.2% of its coding region genome from JCV ( @entity20400 ) and in 1.3% from JCV(GS/B). Within the coding region the sequence variation among the three types was higher in the capsid protein VP1 and in the regulatory protein large T antigen than in the agnoprotein or in VP2/3. Notable Type 3-specific changes were located at sites adjacent to the @entity219 finger motif and near the major donor and acceptor splice junctions of large T antigen. Four of the five urinary Type 3 strains had an unrearranged, archetypal regulatory region. African strain #309 showed a 10-bp deletion at a location similar to that previously described for #307 from Tanzania. The African-American Type 3 strain #312 was closely related to the African consensus sequence. The complete genome of a urinary JCV strain from another African-American male, previously reported as a possible Type 5, showed a sequence difference of only 0.52% from the Tanzanian consensus and has been reclassified as a subtype of Type 3.

title: Five complete genomes of XXXX type 3 from Africans and African Americans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelinating disease']

entities_list: @entity7578 :: ('MESH:D007968', 'Disease') :: ['progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy', 'PML']

answer: @entity8315 :: (10632,Species) :: ['JC virus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Poorly differentiated @entity259 (PDTC) and @entity2867 ( @entity2867 ) are the most aggressive forms of @entity259 . Despite their low incidence, they account for a disproportionate number of @entity259 -related deaths because of their resistance to most therapeutic approaches. We have generated @entity19 models that develop @entity2867 ([Pten, @entity899 ](thyr-/-) @entity19 ) and @entity259 with areas of poor differentiation (Pten(thyr-/-),Kras( @entity4706 ) @entity19 ). Comparative gene expression profiling of @entity1 and @entity19 ATCs reveals a common "mitotic signature" in which mitotic kinases, including @entity18591 ( @entity18591 ), are found deregulated in both species. Most genes from this signature are also upregulated in poorly differentiated @entity5 developing in Pten(thyr-/-),Kras( @entity4706 ) @entity19 . @entity18591 is a crucial driving force for normal mitotic spindle formation, centrosome maturation, and separation, and its overexpression has been demonstrated in a wide range of @entity5 . METHODS: @entity1 and @entity19 @entity2867 and PDTC cell lines were treated with the @entity18591 inhibitor @entity40167 , and proliferation, apoptosis, and mitotic spindle alterations were analyzed. Furthermore, immunocompetent @entity19 were injected in the flank with @entity19 @entity2867 cells, and treated with placebo or @entity40167 . RESULTS: We show that the @entity18591 inhibitor @entity40167 inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell death in both @entity19 @entity2867 - and PDTC-derived cell lines and in several @entity1 @entity2867 cell lines carrying different driver mutations. Dose-dependent changes in chromosome alignment and spindle assembly during mitosis are observed after treatment, together with changes in the mitotic index. @entity10062 analysis reveals a G2/M phase arrest, followed by apoptosis, and @entity6578 in cells with PI3K activation. @entity40167 is also effective in vivo, in an allograft model of @entity2867 . CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these data suggest that @entity18591 targeting is a promising and effective therapeutic approach against PDTC cells and undifferentiated @entity259 cells.

title: The @entity18591 inhibitor XXXX is effective in poorly differentiated and @entity2867 cells, independent of the nature of their driver mutations.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity6578 :: ('MESH:C536987', 'Disease') :: ['mitotic slippage']

entities_list: @entity4706 :: ('p|SUB|G|12|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['G12D']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer', 'thyroid carcinoma', 'follicular thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity2867 :: ('MESH:D065646', 'Disease') :: ['ATC', 'anaplastic thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity40167 :: (MESH:C544835,Chemical) :: ['GSK461364A']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity548 is common in cases of @entity542 when it is associated with space-occupying lesion and increases in the intracranial pressure (duret @entity548 ), in cases of @entity21 (in dorso-lateral quadrant) and @entity1317 (in the periventricular tissue). However focal traumatic @entity130 is rare. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We identified 12 cases of focal traumatic @entity130 from review of 319 case of @entity542 . The @entity542 had been caused by different mechanisms of complex fall from height and assault. 10/12 are associated with skull fracture, 11/12 with contre coup contusions in the frontal and temporal lobes, 5/12 direct contusions to cerebellum, 5/12 @entity548 in corpus callosum and 2/11 have gliding contusions. None of the cases had pathological evidence of increase in the intracranial pressure. The @entity548 in the pons was at the edge in 2/12 and cross the section in 10/12. The majority of @entity1 were unconscious immediately after the incident (10/12) and 9/12 died within one day. CONCLUSION: Focal traumatic @entity130 occurs most likely due to direct impact at the back of the head or stretching forces affecting the brainstem in cases of complex fall from height and after assault, particularly those associated with kicks. It is a serious and commonly fatal @entity75 , which needed to be differentiated from other causes of brainstem @entity548 .

title: Focal traumatic brain stem injury is a rare type of XXXX resulting from assault: a forensic neuropathological study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Brainstem haemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'haemorrhage', 'haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma', 'head injury']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['diffuses vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse axonal injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem injury']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether early treatment with @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) prevents the onset of @entity1596 in @entity1 with @entity4932 . STUDY DESIGN: The clinical charts of all consecutive @entity1 seen between January 2002 and February 2011 who had a disease duration <1 year at first visit and had received a stable management for at least 2 years with or without @entity1500 were reviewed. @entity1 who were given systemic medications other than @entity1500 (except nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) were excluded. @entity1 with systemic @entity625 , @entity309 , or enthesitis-related @entity625 were also excluded. In each @entity1 , the 2-year follow-up period after first visit was examined to establish whether @entity1596 had occurred. RESULTS: A total of 254 @entity1 with a median disease duration of 0.3 year were included. Eighty-six @entity1 (33.9%) were treated with @entity1500 , whereas 168 @entity1 (66.1%) did not receive @entity1500 . During the 2-year follow-up, 211 @entity1 (83.1%) did not develop @entity1596 , whereas 43 @entity1 (16.9%) had @entity1596 a median of 1.0 year after the first visit. The frequency of @entity1596 was lower in @entity1500 -treated than in @entity1500 -untreated @entity1 (10.5% vs 20.2%, respectively, P = .049). Survival analysis confirmed that @entity1 treated with @entity1500 had a lower probability of developing @entity1596 . CONCLUSION: Early @entity1500 therapy may prevent the onset of @entity1596 in @entity1 with @entity4932 . Because our study may be affected by confounding by indication, the potential of @entity1500 to reduce the incidence of @entity2194 should be investigated in a randomized controlled trial.

title: @entity1499 therapy may prevent the onset of XXXX in @entity4932 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid factor-positive arthritis']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: @entity6192 lethal toxin, which consists of two proteins, protective antigen and lethal factor, is cytolytic for macrophages. Macrophages from different @entity19 strains were found to vary in their sensitivities to toxin. C3 @entity19 macrophages lysed by lethal factor concentrations of 0.001 micrograms/ml were 100,000 times more sensitive than those from resistant A/J @entity19 . We analyzed various stages of the intoxication process to determine the basis for this resistance. Direct binding studies with radioiodinated protective antigen revealed that the affinity (Kd, approximately 0.5 nM) and number of receptors per cell (25,000 to 33,000) were the same in sensitive and resistant cells. Proteolytic activation of protective antigen by a cell surface protease and subsequent binding of lethal factor were also the same in both sensitive and resistant macrophages. Resistant A/J macrophages were not cross-resistant to other toxins and a virus which, like lethal toxin, require vesicular acidification for activity, implying that resistance is not due to a @entity10970 . When introduced into the cytosol by osmotic lysis of pinosomes, lethal factor in the absence of protective antigen was cytolytic for the sensitive macrophages while resistant cells were unaffected. Thus, lethal factor by itself possesses the toxic activity of lethal toxin. These results suggest that macrophage resistance is due to a defect at a stage occurring after toxin internalization. A/J macrophages may lack the putative lethal factor target in the cytosol or be defective in the further processing or activation of lethal factor in the cytosol or in endocytic vesicles.

title: Characterization of macrophage sensitivity and resistance to XXXX lethal toxin.

entities_list: @entity10970 :: ('MESH:D012872', 'Disease') :: ['defect in vesicular acidification']

answer: @entity6192 :: (1392,Species) :: ['anthrax']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Malaria remains a public health challenge, especially in sub-Saharan Africa where asymptomatic @entity311 is not uncommon. In the present study, the prevalence of asymptomatic @entity9231 was investigated in almajirai, and the genetic polymorphisms of @entity503 (CQ) resistance biomarkers were assessed. METHODOLOGY: A total of 440 apparently healthy almajirai between 3 and 12 years of age were randomly enrolled in Maiduguri, northeast Nigeria, between July and December 2010. @entity5895 and gametocytemia were assessed by light microscopy, and polymorphisms of Pfcrt @entity19306 and @entity41522 @entity19307 were detected by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques. RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 8.3    4.5 years, with subjects  <= 5 years accounting for 10.7% (47/440) of the population. Prevalence of asymptomatic @entity41523 and gametocytemia were 12.7% (56/440) and 8.6% (38/440), respectively. Geometric mean parasite density (GMPD) was 240 (160-630) parasites/  L, while geometric mean gametocyte density (GMGD) was 53 (24-96) gametocytes/  L. The GMPD was higher among subjects  <= 5 years of age (p = 0.027). Pfcrt 76T was detected in 5.4% (3/56) of the isolates, and no isolates harbored @entity41522 86Y mutant. CONCLUSIONS: The study reveals asymptomatic @entity9231 in almajirai and low levels of Pfcrt 76T and @entity41522 86Y alleles. These findings could hinder @entity311 control measures, and hence almajirai should be incorporated into @entity311 control programs.

title: Asymptomatic XXXX and genetic polymorphisms of Pfcrt @entity19306 and @entity41522 @entity19307 among almajirai in northeast Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity19306 :: ('p|SUB|K|76|T', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K76T']

entities_list: @entity41523 :: ('OMIM:248310', 'Disease') :: ['falciparum parasitemia']

entities_list: @entity9231 :: ('MESH:D016778', 'Disease') :: ['falciparum malaria']

entities_list: @entity19307 :: ('p|SUB|N|86|Y', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['N86Y']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['Parasitemia']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

answer: @entity9231 :: (MESH:D016778,Disease) :: ['falciparum malaria']


abstract: CONTEXT: Facet @entity2720 is a common cause of spine-related @entity158 . Typically resulting from @entity4720 , @entity130 , including surgical @entity130 or post surgical stress is also a significant cause. Radiofrequency thermocoagulation or neurolysis may be an effective modality providing long-term improvement. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the success rates for radiofrequency neurolysis for facet @entity2720 in a large retrospective case series in a single @entity158 practice setting. DESIGN: A retrospective case series involving chart reviews and @entity1 follow-up visits or telephone contacts of radiofrequency neurolytic procedures performed for facet @entity2720 over a 4-year period. SETTING: Private practice @entity158 clinic with academic affiliation in Tulsa, OK. @entity1 : One hundred forty eight @entity1 with confirmed facet @entity2720 refractory to conservative measures underwent 230 radiofrequency neurolysis procedures and were followed for a minimum of 1 year post procedure. For cervical facet procedures: 63 @entity1 (106 procedures); age range F: 27-84 years old; M: 33-65 years old. For lumbar facet procedures: 85 @entity1 (124 facet procedures); age range F: 19-81 years old; M: 20-77 years old. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: After the radiofrequency procedure, @entity1 were followed with periodic visits or telephone contacts. Outcome measures were McGill short form @entity158 questionnaire, VAS @entity158 scores, muscle @entity2473 scores, tenderness, range of motion and @entity1 subjective global responses. RESULTS: Subjective @entity1 responses were graded as follows: excellent:greater than 70% improvement, good: 50% to 70% improvement, fair: 30% to 49%, and poor: less than 30%. One hundred six radiofrequency procedures were performed in the 63 cervical cases and 124 in the 85 lumbar cases with those @entity1 who had good to excellent responses undergoing repeat procedures. Of the @entity1 with cervical facet radiofrequency procedures, 38 (37%), 51 (48%), 4 (3%) and 13 (12%) had excellent, good, fair or poor responses, respectively. Of the lumbar facet radiofrequency cases, 37 (30%), 52 (41%), 13 (10%) and 22 (19%) had excellent, good, fair or poor responses, respectively. Excellent responders noted an average duration of 10.8 months (range 3-34 months before dropping below 70% improvement level) for cervical cases and 7.9 months (range 3-20) for lumbar. Good responders noted an average duration of 6.5 months (range 3-22 months before dropping below 50% improvement level) for cervical and 6.8 months (range 3-48) for lumbar radiofrequency procedures. No significant side effects were experienced (short-term @entity5013 was seen in 2 @entity1 who had cervical and 1 who had lumbar RFTC, but resolved in each case after a few weeks). CONCLUSIONS: In summary, 85% of cervical and 71% of lumbar RFTC cases had at least a 50% improvement in symptoms for extended periods. RFTC of median branches for facet @entity2720 is a safe and efficacious modality with the potential for long-term benefit.

title: Radiofrequency neurolysis for facet XXXX : a retrospective case series and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['spondylosis']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['arthropathy']


abstract: @entity1573 ciliary ganglion neurons have a cholinergic membrane component that binds alpha-bungarotoxin with high affinity but has no known function. The component is different from the nicotinic ACh receptor on the neurons that mediates cholinergic transmission through the ganglion. Ciliary neuronotrophic factor ( @entity39215 ) has been shown to enhance the survival of ciliary ganglion neurons in cell culture and has been postulated to act as a target-derived trophic factor for the neurons in vivo. We show here that a factor indistinguishable from @entity39215 specifically down-regulates alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites on the neurons while increasing cell growth and the number of ACh receptors on the cells. Similar effects, though reduced in magnitude, are seen with @entity1573 sympathetic neurons. @entity39215 has no effect on the number of ACh receptors found on @entity1573 myotubes in culture. The down-regulation of alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites on neurons caused by @entity39215 occurs with a half-time of about 19 hr and is largely reversed within a 4 d period following @entity39215 removal. It is distinct from the down-regulation caused by cholinergic agonists. Nerve growth factor and fibroblast growth factor have no apparent effect on the number of alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites on the neurons, though fibroblast growth factor does stimulate neuronal growth. The results indicate that the effects of @entity39215 on the alpha-bungarotoxin binding component are both novel for a growth factor and specific, and they suggest a relationship between the component and the regulation of growth by the target tissue.

title: Specific down-regulation of the alpha-bungarotoxin binding component on XXXX autonomic neurons by ciliary neuronotrophic factor.

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: Untreated malignant @entity262 are characterized by a preponderance of cell new formation (proliferation) against the destruction of lymphatic cells. If the lymph nodes are enlarged during these diseases, then cell new formation occurs largely or mostly in these lymph nodes. The proliferating cells of the lymph node are bigger than small lyphocytes and have, in general, a mean diameter of the nucleus of 10 mu and more. In normal lymph nodes they belong morphologically to the big lymphocytes, immunoblasts and plasmoblasts. In pathological lymph nodes they have to be looked for among the bigger cells of the disease-specific cell population. Whereas in healthy lymph nodes and in chronic @entity1778 only about 1% of lymph node cells was found to proliferate, they amount on the average to 5% in @entity706 and mostly to 30--50% in the lympho- @entity1893 (lymphoblast and immunoblast @entity242 , corresponding to large-cell, poorly differentiated @entity706 ). The proliferating cells often appear as foci in the @entity706 . The generation times of the proliferating cells both in normal and pathological lymph nodes are about 24 hrs. or slightly longer. In lymphatic proliferation, apart from plasma cells big and smallymphocytes are produced in the normal lymph node; in @entity1072 , big and small lymphocytes, in lymphogranulomatosis, big and small lymphocytes and Hodgkin-cells, and in poorly differentiated @entity706 , the corresponding @entity706 cells are produced. The clinicist is at the beginning of drawing conclusions from prevalent @entity132 .

title: [Cytokinetics of lymph nodes in lymph nodes in XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['kinetic disturbances']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphomas of lymphogranulomatosis', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic system diseases']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['reticulosarcoma']

answer: @entity262 :: (MESH:D034721,Disease) :: ['lymphatic system diseases']


abstract: The frequency of double primary @entity5 in the liver is very low. All reported cases are double @entity5 consisting of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) and @entity201 (CCC). We herein report a surgical @entity1 who had simultaneous double @entity5 consisting of @entity157 and @entity189 ( @entity189 ). This is the first case report of such a @entity1 . A 70-year-old Japanese @entity1 was admitted to our hospital for further examination of two hepatic nodules. He had a history of @entity2040 japonica, @entity2416 , and @entity6 . Laboratory data revealed that @entity10745 ( @entity10745 ) antibody was positive and hepatic enzymes were slightly elevated. The level of @entity556 induced by @entity2067 absence or antagonist II was elevated. Computed tomography depicted two @entity5 ; one, measuring 4.0 cm in diameter, was in the medial segment and the other, 2.2 cm in diameter, was in the posterior superior segment of the liver. The @entity5 showed contrast enhancement and the smaller one showed enhancement at the @entity5 periphery in the hepatic arterial phase. In the portal phase, the @entity5 became less @entity409 , but the periphery of the smaller one showed continuous enhancement. He underwent an operation under a diagnosis of @entity96 , consisting of @entity157 and CCC. However, microscopic examination of the resected @entity5 revealed that the @entity5 was moderately differentiated @entity157 and the smaller one was @entity189 .

title: Synchronously resected double primary @entity96 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'larger tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity10745 :: ('MESH:D006526', 'Disease') :: ['HCV', 'hepatitis C virus']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['double hepatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['dense than the liver parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['CoCC', 'cholangiolocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['cholangiolocellular carcinoma']