abstract: We compared the membrane effects of @entity53 , @entity1420 , and @entity2671 in a single experimental model, the ovarian granulosa cells collected from immature Large White sows. We measured changes in cytosolic free @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) in confluent @entity593 loaded cells. We used pharmacological tools and polyclonal phospholipase C-beta (PLC-beta) antibodies. Each @entity134 (0.1 pM to 1 nM) transiently increased intracellular @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) within 5 sec. They mobilized @entity141 from the endoplasmic reticulum as shown by using two phospholipase C inhibitors, @entity5154 and @entity4385 . @entity141 mobilization involved PLC-beta1 for @entity1420 , PLC-beta2 for @entity53 and PLC-beta4 for @entity2671 . A pertussis toxin-insensitive G protein was involved in the effects of @entity1420 on @entity141 mobilization whereas @entity53 and @entity2671 effects were mediated via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein. @entity141 influx from the extracellular milieu was involved in the increase in [ @entity141 ]i induced by @entity1420 and @entity53 , but not by @entity2671 . Influx of @entity141 was independent of @entity141 mobilization from @entity460 stores, and it was suggested that L-type @entity141 channels for @entity53 and T-type @entity141 channels for @entity1420 were involved. The three @entity230 had no effect on @entity268 . Rapid effects of @entity1420 , @entity53 , and @entity2671 involved a direct action on cell membrane elements such as PLC-beta, G-proteins, and @entity460 channels, and these mechanisms were hormone-specific.

title: Phospholipase C-beta and ovarian sex XXXX in pig granulosa cells.

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: We investigated the effects of @entity837 , a selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), using an animal model for a @entity308 state. In Fischer 344 @entity35 , known as emotional animals, repeated stress by twice-daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) saline injections for 14 days elicited a @entity308 state characterized by a decreased open-field activity and a prolonged immobility during the tail-suspension test. Concomitantly, suppression of @entity1063 (NE)-induced @entity268 formation was found in the cerebral cortical slices of the stress-exposed @entity35 without changes in adrenergic alpha 1- or beta-receptors. The difference in @entity268 formation between the intact and the stress groups was totally abolished under the blockade of the alpha 1-receptor system or by the stimulation with @entity3044 or @entity1928 , whereas the suppressed response in the stress group was also observed in combination with @entity3044 and @entity2647 . From these results, we confirmed that the potentiation of the beta-receptor-stimulated @entity268 formation by the alpha 1-receptor is attenuated following repeated stress. Chronic i.p. administration of @entity837 dissolved in saline improved both the suppressed open-field activity and the prolonged immobility in the tail-suspension test. The animals treated with @entity837 exhibited a comparable alpha 1-potentiation effect as observed in the intact @entity35 . However, another SSRI, @entity903 , was less effective on the attenuation of the alpha 1-potentiation in spite of its behavioral improvement in the @entity308 state. These findings suggest that @entity837 has a protective effect against the repeated stress-induced @entity308 state by mechanisms besides the @entity750 reuptake inhibition.

title: Protective effect of @entity837 against the attenuation of the alpha 1-potentiation of @entity268 formation in Fischer 344 strain XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: We retrospectively investigated the effect of @entity1229 therapy in improving the clinical outcome of @entity573 ( @entity573 ) @entity1 with @entity574 ( @entity574 ). We followed 2350 @entity573 @entity1 from 1973 to 2004. The @entity574 (> or =8 mm in diameter) were diagnosed by coronary angiography. Sixty-eight @entity1 (54 males and 14 females) were retrospectively studied. @entity1 were divided into two groups. One group consisted of 19 @entity1 with 33 branches treated with a combination of low-dose @entity117 and @entity1229 (target international normalized ratio: 1.5 - 2.5 IU). The second group consisted of 49 @entity1 with 102 branches treated with low-dose @entity117 without @entity1229 . The incidence of @entity583 was significantly less in the combination therapy group than in @entity1 treated with @entity117 without @entity1229 (1 @entity1 vs. 16 @entity1 , p < 0.05). @entity944 occurred in seven @entity1 taking @entity117 without @entity1229 , but none of the @entity1 receiving @entity1229 died. No major @entity548 events occurred in either group. Combination therapy of @entity1229 with @entity117 is associated with a decreased risk of @entity583 in @entity573 @entity1 with @entity574 .

title: @entity1229 therapy for giant aneurysm prevents XXXX in @entity573 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['KD', 'Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity574 :: ('MESH:D003323', 'Disease') :: ['giant coronary aneurysms', 'GAs']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: The authors give an account of their experience with the problem of assessment of ionized @entity460 ( @entity141 ) in clinical work. To assess @entity141 they use an ICA 2 analyzer of Radiometer Co. Copenhagen which makes it possible to assess concurrently the @entity141 concentration at a given pH ( @entity141 /act. pH), pH and @entity141 calculated for pH 7.4 ( @entity141 /pH 7.4) in @entity1503 . The authors confirmed the significant difference between @entity141 /act. pH in @entity1503 which is due to the pH and they did not find a significant difference in @entity141 /pH 7.4 in @entity1503 . They found that the specimens of capillary blood can be kept in capillaries in the refrigerator at +4 degrees C for four hours without a significant changes of the @entity141 /act.pH level. During subsequent time intervals, i.e. after 24, 48 and 72 hours following collection of the blood sample, there is a significant rise of @entity141 /act.pH due in particular to a significant drop of the pH of the blood samples. The @entity141 /pH 7.4. concentration in capillary blood does not change throughout the 72-hour follow up period. The authors provided also evidence that slight physical strain (30 min. walk on flat ground) does not cause significant changes in the concentration of capillary @entity141 /act.pH nor of @entity141 /pH 7.4 due to the three-minute compression of the arm by the tonometer cuff with a pressure equal to the diastolic blood pressure of the examined subject. The reported results make simpler and more accurate assessment of @entity141 in clinical and ambulatory practice possible.

title: [Method for the determination of ionized XXXX in clinical practice].

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['venous and capillary blood', 'capillary and venous blood']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: In @entity96 , and bile duct, symptoms and signs are non-specific compared with benign conditions. Early detection is difficult and long term survivors are extremely low. The role of systemic chemotherapy in @entity1 with these @entity5 is only palliative. Prolongation of survival has not been demonstrated with any single agent or with any combination chemotherapy. However, in some instances, useful symptomatic palliation may occur even without an objective partial response. Quality of life is an important parallel endpoint in these @entity5 . In advanced @entity96 , numerous alternative therapies have been investigated. These include pharmacologically based chemotherapeutic delivery methods, percutaneous @entity167 injection, TAE, @entity3375 , etc. However, further rigorous investigations will be warranted. It is hoped that successful chemotherapeutic agents or other modalities can be developed and combined with limited efficacy of surgery and radiotherapy. In this respect, newer, more active chemotherapy regimens are clearly needed.

title: [ XXXX , and bile duct].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the liver', 'cancer of the liver, pancreas, gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['Cancer of the liver, pancreas, gallbladder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been postulated that @entity118 ( @entity118 ) may favor the stasis of blood and predispose to @entity1031 complications. We sought to evaluate the prevalence of @entity118 , and its association with @entity385 . METHODS: We retrospectively studied 500 @entity1 , who underwent transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) due to clinical indications. Seventy two @entity1 due to image quality, and 104 @entity1 with @entity118 or PFO were excluded. The remaining 324 @entity1 were included in the analysis. The depth of @entity118 was measured. RESULTS: @entity118 was detected in 98 @entity1 [left side @entity118 (LASP) in 58 (59.2%), and right side @entity118 (RASP) in 40 (40.8%) @entity1 ]. LASPs were significant deeper than RASPs (10.1  5.2 vs 4.4  1.4mm, p<0.0001). @entity1 characteristics were categorized by the presence or absence of LASP. The age (61  12 vs 61  12), gender and @entity64 risk factors were no significant difference between @entity1 with or without LAPS. @entity385 occurred in 21 @entity1 without LASP, 10 @entity1 with LASP. The presence of a LASP was found to be associated with an increased risk of @entity385 , in either univariable analysis (17.2 vs. 7.9%, p=0.03; OR=2.43, 95% CI=1.1-5.5, p=0.033) or after adjustment for other @entity64 risk factors using multiple logistic regression analysis (OR=2.45, 95% CI 1.1-5.8, p=0.036). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated evidence of association between LASP and @entity385 . Among 324 @entity1 , the risk of @entity385 was twice more among @entity1 with LASP than cases without LASP.

title: Prevalence of XXXX and risk of @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['ASP', 'atrial septal defect', 'atrial septal pouch']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal pouch']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine predictors of outcome in childhood @entity980 . METHODS: Retrospective chart review evaluating the impact of demographic features, disease characteristics, and the extent and timing of surgical intervention on outcome was performed. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 with a median age of 8 years were identified. Most had advanced Intergroup @entity980 Study group III (n = 13) or group IV (n = 9) disease. Primary site included 20 (61%) chest wall, 6 (21%) paraspinal, 5 (15%) periscapular, and 1 (3%) abdominal wall. @entity5 were embryonal (n = 21), larger than 5 cm (n = 27), and locally invasive (n = 13); 7 had positive nodes. @entity5 size, nodal status, and gross total @entity5 resection (upfront or delayed) were significant predictors of event-free and overall survival. Tumors 5 cm or smaller were amenable to upfront surgical resection (P = .007). In @entity1 with @entity5 larger than 5 cm, resection at any time was associated with a 10-year overall survival 57% +/- 13% compared with 8% +/- 5% in those who had no surgery (P = .003). @entity5 recurrence was local in 44% of cases, and survival after local recurrence was rare (1 of 8). CONCLUSION: @entity5 size, nodal status, and gross total resection at any time are significant predictors of outcome in @entity980 . Gross @entity5 excision should be the goal of surgical intervention in this disease.

title: Predictors of outcome in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity980 of the trunk--the St Jude XXXX 's Research Hospital experience.

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['truncal rhabdomyosarcoma', 'Rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Most tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: National @entity5 incidence trends are presented for eight Asian American groups: Asian Indians/Pakistanis, Chinese, Filipinos, Japanese, Kampucheans, Koreans, Laotians, and Vietnamese. METHODS: @entity5 incidence data from 1990 through 2008 were obtained from 13 Surveillance, Epidemiology, End Results (SEER) registries. Incidence rates from 1990 through 2008 and average percentage change were computed using SEER*Stat and Joinpoint software. The @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ) in incidence rates was estimated with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) calculated for both the rate and @entity1987 estimates. Rates for non-Hispanic whites are presented for comparison. RESULTS: @entity263 was the most common @entity5 among most groups, followed by lung, colorectal, liver, and @entity5 . @entity0 was generally the most common @entity5 in @entity1 , followed by @entity14 ; liver, cervix, thyroid, and @entity5 also ranked highly. Among @entity1 , increasing trends were observed for prostate (Asian Indians and Pakistanis: @entity1987 1990-2003 = 2.2, 95% CI = 0.3 to 4.1; Filipinos: @entity1987 1990-1994 = 19.0, 95% CI = 4.5 to 35.4; Koreans: @entity1987 1990-2008 = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.8 to 4.0), colorectal (Koreans: @entity1987 1990-2008 = 2.2, 95% CI = 0.9 to 3.5), and @entity96 (Filipinos: @entity1987 1990-2008 = 1.6, 95% CI = 0.4 to 2.7; Koreans: @entity1987 1990-2006 = 2.1, 95% CI = 0.4 to 3.7; Vietnamese: @entity1987 1990-2008 = 1.6, 95% CI = 0.3 to 2.8), whereas lung and @entity5 generally remained stable or decreased. Among @entity1 , increases were observed for uterine @entity5 (Asian Indians: @entity1987 1990-2008 = 3.0, 95% CI = 0.3 to 5.8; Chinese: @entity1987 2004-2008 = 7.0, 95% CI = 1.4 to 12.9; Filipina: @entity1987 1990-2008 = 3.0, 95% CI = 2.4 to 3.7; Japanese: @entity1987 1990-2008 = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.1 to 2.0), @entity14 (Koreans: @entity1987 1990-2008 = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.7 to 3.9; Laotians: @entity1987 : 1990-2008 = 5.9, 95% CI = 4.0 to 7.7), @entity2 (Filipinas: @entity1987 1990-2008 = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.4 to 2.8; Koreans: @entity1987 1990-2008 = 2.1, 95% CI = 0.6 to 3.6), @entity259 (Filipinas: @entity1987 1990-2008 = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.7 to 3.3), and @entity0 in most groups ( @entity1987 1990-2008 from 1.2 among Vietnamese and Chinese to 4.7 among Koreans). Decreases were observed for stomach (Chinese and Japanese), @entity14 (Laotians and Vietnamese). CONCLUSIONS: These data fill a critical knowledge gap concerning the @entity5 experience of Asian American groups and highlight where increased preventive, screening, and surveillance efforts are needed-in particular, @entity2 among Filipina and Korean @entity1 and Asian Indian/Pakistani @entity1 , @entity0 among all @entity1 , and @entity96 among Vietnamese, Laotian, and Kampuchean @entity1 and Filipino, Kampuchean, and Vietnamese @entity1 .

title: XXXX incidence trends among Asian American populations in the United States, 1990-2008.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['annual percentage change', 'APC']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer', 'liver cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer', 'stomach cancers', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal (Chinese), and cervical cancers', 'colorectal and lung cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: A plaque-cloned @entity19 @entity99 virus mutant, MHV-S No. 8, was isolated from Ki-BALB cells persistently infected with MHV-S. The mRNAs 1 to 6 were larger in the mutant, whereas there was no difference between the two viruses in the size of the smallest mRNA, mRNA 7. Sequence analyses of the genomic RNA, mRNA 6, and mRNA 7 of the two viruses revealed that an additional 111 nt were inserted just upstream of the intergenic consensus sequence preceding the N gene in MHV-S No. 8. The inserted region consisted of two different parts; the 3'-most 30 nt corresponded to @entity2036 28 to 57 of the leader sequence and the 5'-most 81 nt corresponded to @entity2036 58 to 138 of mRNA 7. This structure of No. 8 was most likely generated by RNA-RNA recombination between genomic RNA and subgenomic RNA species. The @entity377 insertion in the intergenic sequence between genes M and N resulted in two consensus sequences separated by 111 nt. Primer extension analysis revealed that the amount of a slightly larger, subgenomic mRNA resulting from initiation of synthesis at the upstream consensus sequence was only 5% of the usual sized mRNA 7 initiated from the downstream consensus sequence.

title: A XXXX coronavirus MHV-S isolate from persistently infected cells has a leader and two consensus sequences between the M and N genes.

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and nature of cognitive changes associated with sporadic @entity746 ( @entity746 ) using a large scale study. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with @entity4572 (n = 279) underwent comprehensive neurologic evaluation and neuropsychological testing. Testing data from normal controls (n = 129) were used for classification and comparison purposes. RESULTS: On non-motor, non-speed-dependent tasks, 51% of @entity1 with @entity746 had evidence of @entity73 compared to 5% of controls. Cluster analysis suggested four @entity1 subgroups: 49% intact, 32% with mild impairment, 13% with moderate impairment, and 6% with severe impairment. Forty-one @entity1 (15%) met criteria for @entity4943 ( @entity4943 ). @entity746 @entity1 subgroups, excluding the intact group, performed significantly lower on tests of executive function and memory than normal controls. @entity1 with more severe disease also had deficits in confrontation naming. Although memory function declined with increasing severity of overall @entity73 , only two @entity1 had the severe @entity2414 typical of @entity195 . @entity73 was correlated with clinical measures of word-finding, phrase length, and motor programming. @entity73 was not correlated with @entity308 scores or severity or duration of motor or bulbar symptoms. @entity1 with bulbar vs limb-onset @entity746 were not different in either level of impairment or pattern of performance. CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm the presence of @entity73 in 50% of @entity1 with @entity746 and particularly implicate @entity409 and mild memory decline in the disease process. More severe impairment occurs in a subset of @entity1 with @entity746 and has features consistent with @entity4943 .

title: Prevalence and patterns of XXXX in @entity4572 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4572 :: ('MESH:C566291', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic ALS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['executive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['FTD', 'frontotemporal dementia']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory loss']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: The @entity412 lipase gene subfamily plays a central role in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. There are three members of this subfamily: @entity5523 , @entity5705 , and @entity25024 . Although these lipases are implicated in the pathophysiology of @entity407 and @entity731 , their structures have not been fully solved. In the current study, we established homology models of these three lipases, and carried out analysis of their activity sites. In addition, we investigated the kinetic characteristics for the catalytic residues using a molecular dynamics simulation strategy. To elucidate the molecular interactions and determine potential key residues involved in the binding to lipase inhibitors, we analyzed the binding pockets and binding poses of known inhibitors of the three lipases. We identified the spatial consensus catalytic triad "Ser- @entity2574 -His", a characteristic motif in all three lipases. Furthermore, we found that the spatial characteristics of the binding pockets of the lipase molecules play a key role in ligand recognition, binding poses, and affinities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that systematically builds homology models of all the @entity412 lipase gene subfamily members. Our data provide novel insights into the molecular structures of lipases and their structure-function relationship, and thus provides groundwork for functional probe design towards lipase-based therapeutic inhibitors for the treatment of @entity407 and @entity731 .

title: Comparative analyses of @entity5523 , XXXX , and @entity25024 , and their binding properties with known inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity25024 :: ('9388', 'Gene') :: ['endothelial lipase']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity5523 :: ('4023', 'Gene') :: ['lipoprotein lipase']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity5705 :: (3990,Gene) :: ['hepatic lipase']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe our experience with chronic ambulatory @entity298 in @entity1 with the @entity15342 ( @entity15342 ). DESIGN: From our @entity298 ( @entity298 ) program we were able to review the medical records of 6 @entity1 with @entity15342 . Data were collected on potential complications such as @entity281 , @entity547 , growth, and problems encountered with @entity298 catheter insertion. RESULTS: The ages of the 6 @entity1 ranged from 10 months-17 years. The dialysis duration was from 9-22 months, with a total of 76 @entity1 -months on @entity298 . There was one death, possibly as a complication of an exit-site infection. Five received a renal transplant, and 4 have functioning grafts. @entity298 occurred once in every 10.8 @entity1 -months, and exit-site or @entity281 was diagnosed every 7.6 @entity1 -months. Four @entity1 required @entity298 catheter replacement because of @entity281 in 2, persistent exit-site infection in 1, and fluid leakage in 1. Of a total of nine catheters, three were inserted using a laparoscopic technique. There were no leaks in these three; however, there was one exit-site infection. Two @entity1 had @entity169 that required surgery. CONCLUSION: @entity15342 in @entity15342 poses potential problems for the use of @entity298 , in particular, catheter anchorage, exit-site healing, and leakage. In our @entity1 the most serious complications were @entity281 of the exit site or catheter tunnel. Our experience suggests that a laparoscopic technique may provide improved catheter placement. @entity298 offers a potentially successful form of dialysis for @entity1 with @entity15342 .

title: Peritoneal dialysis in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity15342 :: ('MESH:D011535', 'Disease') :: ['Deficiency of abdominal musculature', 'prune belly syndrome', 'PBS']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'tunnel infection']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernias']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD', 'Peritonitis']

answer: @entity15342 :: (MESH:D011535,Disease) :: ['prune belly syndrome']


abstract: alpha-Adrenergic drugs improve cerebral blood flow (CBF) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), in part, by reversing carotid artery collapse and by shunting blood from extracerebral to intracerebral vascular structures. Adrenergic drugs with beta 2-agonist properties may cause @entity1897 , and thus may be less beneficial in this setting. The purpose of this study was to compare @entity1425 (E), an alpha 1,2, beta 1,2-agonist, with @entity1063 (NE), an alpha 1,2, beta 1-agonist, on CBF during CPR. Twenty @entity1707 each weighing greater than 15 kg were instrumented for regional CBF measurements using tracer microspheres. Regional CBF was measured during normal sinus rhythm (NSR). Animals were then placed into @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ). After ten minutes of @entity2224 , the animals received closed-chest CPR using a mechanical thumper. Regional CBF was measured during CPR. After three minutes of CPR, the animals were allocated to receive either E, 0.20 mg/kg (N = 5); NE, 0.08 mg/kg (N = 5); NE, 0.12 mg/kg (N = 5); or NE, 0.16 mg/kg (N = 5). Regional blood flows were again measured following drug administration. CBFs following drug administration were compared using an analysis of covariance adjusting for baseline differences during CPR. A Newman-Keuls multiple comparison was used to follow-up significant (P less than or equal to .05) differences. Statistical significance was considered at P less than or equal to .05. There was a clinically significant improvement in cerebral cortical flow with NE, 0.12 mg/kg, and NE, 0.16 mg/kg, compared with NE, 0.08 mg/kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effect of @entity1063 versus XXXX on regional cerebral blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vasodilation']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['epinephrine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Undiagnosed abnormal @entity413 metabolism is often seen in @entity1 admitted with @entity583 , although there is no consensus on which @entity1 should be studied with a view to establishing an early diagnosis. The present study examines the potential of certain variables obtained upon admission to diagnose abnormal @entity413 metabolism. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study was carried out. SETTING: The Intensive Care Unit of Arrixaca University Hospital (Murcia), Spain. @entity1 : A total of 138 @entity1 admitted to the Intensive Care Unit with @entity583 and without known or de novo @entity6 . After one year, oral @entity413 tolerance testing was performed. MAIN OUTCOMES: Clinical and laboratory test parameters were recorded upon admission and one year after discharge. Additionally, after one year, oral @entity413 tolerance tests were made, and a study was made of the capacity of the variables obtained at admission to diagnose @entity6 , based on the ROC curves and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Of the 138 @entity1 , 112 (72.5%) had @entity413 metabolic alteration, including 16.7% with @entity6 . HbA1c was independently associated with a diagnosis of @entity6 (RR: 7.28, 95%CI 1.65 to 32.05, P = .009), and showed the largest area under the ROC curve for @entity6 (0.81, 95%CI 0.69 to 0.92, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity583 , @entity4051 c helps identify those individuals with abnormal @entity413 metabolism after one year. Thus, its determination in this group of @entity1 could be used to identify those subjects requiring a more exhaustive study in order to establish an early diagnosis.

title: [Markers for early detection of alterations in carbohydrate metabolism after XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Placebos, consequences of their use, the placebo effect and the associated negative effects, the nocebo effect, have been widely studied. However, the lack of any consensus definition makes the interpretation and analysis of such findings difficult. LITERATURE FINDINGS: In this article, we will review existing definitions and factors affecting the placebo effect in medicine. We will then consider the possible mechanisms of action of the placebo effect, with a view to improving understanding of this issue. Finally, we will analyse data relating to placebos used in psychiatry and, more specifically, for @entity161 @entity1 . In an extensive review of the literature, we identified the various factors playing a role in the appearance of placebo effects in general medicine. As well as purely factual elements, such as the disorder, the sex of the subject and the treatment given, the placebo effect is strongly correlated with the quality of the relationship between the doctor and @entity1 and with the capacity of the @entity1 to communicate and establish a link. The attitude of the doctor, the temperament of the subject and the expectations and beliefs of each also contribute to the appearance and extent of a placebo effect. We then investigated placebo effects in psychiatry, particularly in @entity308 @entity1 (the most widely studied condition) where studies have shown particular efficacy. We also addressed the use of placebos in @entity161 : the placebo effect in @entity1 with this disorder is essentially used as a tool for assessing new molecules to be released onto the market but the phenomenon itself has been little studied, if at all. Thus, it is of particular interest to consider in detail the use of placebos in @entity161 , to try to gain a deeper understanding of the factors involved. This will allow potential specific effects associated with placebo use in this disorder to be established, improving the integration of placebos into therapy and to optimize the efficacy of treatment prescribed, taking into account mental state; indeed, the placebo effect is present in all treatments, whether involving a placebo or an active compound.

title: [The placebo effect: general information and specificities in psychiatry ( XXXX and @entity161 )].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenia']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fibromatoses are a group of semimalignant @entity5 which grow infiltratively without metastases. If radical surgery is not at all possible or only by mutilation the question of neoadjuvant concepts arises. @entity1 : We report on therapy and outcome of 36 @entity1 registered to the German CWS study group and the Italian ICG study group for soft tissue @entity242 who were between 0 and 23 years of age. 15 had a histology of infantile (myo-) @entity81 (9 unifocal, 6 multifocal). 15 @entity1 had @entity765 -like, aggressive @entity81 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of the @entity1 registered to the CWS and ICG study group. For literature review a medline search was performed. RESULTS: 23 @entity1 received chemotherapy with @entity8253 (VAIA) or without (VAC) or monotherapy with alkylating agents. In 19 cases response to chemotherapy was measurable. In 9 @entity1 @entity5 responded to chemotherapy. In some cases response was evident only after 20 weeks of treatment. In the group of non responders treatment was stopped early (after 4 weeks) in some cases. Relapses occurred mainly in the group of @entity765 -like, aggressive @entity81 (7 out of 15). In the group of infantile (myo-) @entity81 only one @entity1 suffered a relapse (1 out of 9). The literature review showed that mainly ADR/DTIC, VAC and @entity1500 /VBL was used for inoperable @entity81 . Concerning the response rates there where no major differences. Concerning @entity137 the regimen with @entity1499 and @entity5713 seems superior to the others. CONCLUSIONS: As a chemotherapy regimen of first choice @entity5713 with low dose @entity1499 can be recommended. The therapy should not be stopped before the 20th week of treatment. The histological subgroup can provide good information on the relapse rate and aggressivity to be expected.

title: [Chemotherapy in @entity81 of childhood and adolescence: results from the Cooperative soft tissue XXXX study (CWS) and the Italian Cooperative study group (ICG-AIEOP)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibromatosis', 'fibromatoses']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: The acute administration of @entity842 (NO) synthesis inhibitors reduces the renal capacity to excrete @entity1372 under normal or volume expanded conditions and increases renovascular resistances in the absence of changes in systemic blood pressure (BP). This indicates a sensitivity of renal vasculature higher than that of systemic vessels to NO synthesis inhibition. Medullary circulation is the renovascular territory most dependent on NO availability. Thus, alterations in medullary blood flow seems to account for the blunted pressure-natriuresis and @entity1372 retention during acute NO synthesis inhibition. By contrast, during chronic administration of @entity534 analogs, systemic BP rises and overrides initial @entity1372 retention by a resetting of the pressure-natriuresis relationship. This BP increase appears to be dependent on an overexpression of the actions of vasoconstrictor systems due to an imbalance created by the diminished NO production. Prolonged NO synthesis inhibition not only elevates BP, but also produces renal vascular and parenchymal damage. Antihypertensive therapy impedes @entity551 . Finally, there is evidence of the possibility that a certain alteration in the @entity534 -NO pathway exists in genetic models and in @entity1 essential @entity101 . In conclusion, according to the data contained in the literature, NO plays a significant role in the regulation of systemic and renal hemodynamics and excretory function, and could participate in the development of @entity101 .

title: @entity842 , the kidney, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['BP elevation and ameliorates kidney deterioration']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity204 and/or @entity245 ( @entity245 ) after severe @entity932 ( @entity932 ; grade 3 or 4) differs by gestational age (GA) at birth in @entity600 ( @entity600 ) @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Demographic, perinatal and neonatal factors potentially contributing to @entity245 for @entity600 @entity1 (23 to 28 weeks gestation) were obtained retrospectively; outcome data came from the @entity600 Follow-up Study. @entity245 was defined at 18 to 22 months corrected age as moderate/severe @entity306 , Bayley Scales of @entity1 Development II cognitive or motor score <70, and/or @entity1939 or @entity2319 . Characteristics of younger versus older @entity1 with no versus severe @entity932 associated with @entity204 or @entity245 were compared. Generalized linear mixed models predicted @entity204 or @entity245 in each GA cohort. RESULT: Of the 6638 @entity1 , 61.8% had no @entity932 and 13.6% had severe @entity932 ; 39% of survivors had @entity245 . Risk-adjusted odds of @entity204 or @entity245 and @entity204 were higher in the lower GA group. Lower GA increased the odds of @entity204 before 30 days for @entity1 with severe @entity932 . @entity3166 (particularly surgical NEC), late onset @entity281 , @entity5719 and post-natal @entity230 contributed to mortality risk. @entity245 differed by GA in @entity1 without @entity932 and grade 3, but not grade 4 @entity932 . Contributors to @entity245 in @entity1 with severe @entity932 included male gender, surgical NEC and post-hemorrhagic @entity1276 requiring a shunt. CONCLUSION: GA contributes to the risk of @entity204 in @entity600 @entity1 , but not @entity245 among survivors with severe @entity932 . Male gender, surgical NEC and need for a shunt add additional risk for @entity245 .

title: Influence of gestational age on XXXX and neurodevelopmental outcome in premature @entity1 with severe @entity932 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Infant', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage', 'ICH']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['Necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental impairment', 'NDI']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['extremely low birth weight', 'ELBW']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5719 :: ('MESH:D007969', 'Disease') :: ['cystic periventricular leukomalacia']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity730 is a general term for @entity460 deposition in the skin. It may be due to abnormal @entity460 or @entity3151 metabolism, damage to the dermal collagen, or idiopathic. It has been found in the skin of many areas of the body, including the face, extremities, penis, scrotum and mons pubis. We report two cases of @entity730 cutis presenting as lesions of the labia majora in @entity1 . CASES: A 6 1/2-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity75 of unknown etiology. There was no history of @entity458 . Excisional biopsy was performed and histopathological evaluation showed @entity730 . Follow-up laboratory evaluation revealed normal serum @entity460 and @entity3151 levels. Screening tests for @entity1413 were negative. An 8-year-old @entity1 presented for evaluation of a " @entity45 ." The lesion was first noted 6 months prior to presentation and had not resolved, despite treatment with topical creams and sitz baths. Excisional biopsy was performed and histopathological evaluation showed multiple nodules of @entity42218 surrounded by histiocytes and giant cells. CONCLUSION: We report two cases of idiopathic @entity730 cutis presenting as @entity75 in @entity1 . Because it can be mistaken for a @entity2953 , recognition and proper diagnosis of this condition is essential. Additionally, work-up to rule out abnormalities of @entity3151 or @entity460 metabolism and @entity1413 may be indicated.

title: Idiopathic @entity730 cutis presenting as @entity75 in XXXX : report of two cases with literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted disease']

entities_list: @entity42218 :: ('MESH:C567546', 'Disease') :: ['calcified and amorphous debris']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['labial lesions']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse or trauma']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['Calcinosis cutis', 'subepithelial calcification', 'calcinosis']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['labial cyst']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['collagen vascular diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: Approximately 25% of radical prostatectomies performed for stage T1c disease show potentially insignificant @entity263 . We previously reported the use of serum @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ) density and needle biopsy findings to predict potentially insignificant @entity5 . We now evaluate whether using free/total serum @entity1486 levels along with needle biopsy findings can better predict @entity5 significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 163 radical prostatectomy specimens of stage @entity263 in which free/total serum @entity1486 levels were determined. Free/total serum @entity1486 levels were measured with Tandem-MP @entity1486 assays. Insignificant @entity263 were organ confined with @entity5 volumes less than 0.5 cc and Gleason score less than 7. @entity5 were either Gleason score 7 or greater, established extraprostatic extension with positive margins, or positive seminal vesicles or lymph nodes. Other cases were considered as moderate @entity5 . Moderate and advanced @entity5 were considered significant. RESULTS: Of the @entity5 30.7% were insignificant, 49.7% moderate and 19.6% advanced. The best model to predict preoperatively insignificant @entity5 was a free/total @entity1486 of 0.15 or greater and favorable needle biopsy findings (less than 3 cores involved, none of the cores with greater than 50% @entity5 involvement and Gleason score less than 7). Using this model of the 18 @entity5 predicted to be insignificant 17 were insignificant for a positive predictive value of 94.4%. Of the 145 cases that were predicted to be significant 112 were correctly predicted for a negative predictive value of 77.2%. There was only 1 @entity5 predicted to be insignificant which was classified as moderate. No @entity5 predicted to be insignificant was advanced. CONCLUSIONS: In conjunction with needle biopsy findings, free/total @entity1486 levels accurately predict insignificant @entity5 in stage T1c disease.

title: Nonpalpable stage @entity263 : prediction of insignificant disease using free/total XXXX levels and needle biopsy findings.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Advanced tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'T1c prostate cancer', 'prostate cancers']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate specific antigen']


abstract: @entity1813 and the enzymes associated with their metabolism play an active role in the neuroinflammatory process that is often a hallmark of @entity179 . Cerebral cortical neurons constitute a highly affected cell population in @entity16 . To obtain a cellular model to analyze @entity3009 action and metabolism in cortical neurons, we developed postnatal neuronal cultures from @entity19 cortex in a serum-free medium. Cultured cortical cells were highly enriched in neurons containing only 5 +/- 2% glial cells. The cultures were assayed for expression of several protein markers of neuronal maturity: synaptic markers ( @entity38990 and @entity25242 ) and @entity2227 receptor subunits ( @entity143 receptor 1 and @entity2227 receptor 1). The protein expression of @entity9610 -metabolizing enzymes, including @entity1996 and microsomal and cytosolic @entity1421 synthases, was investigated as well. Postnatal neurons successfully survived for a long term (up to 40 days) in vitro in serum-free media, as characterized by the expression of @entity38990 , @entity25242 , and @entity7001 . @entity2227 receptor subunit expression increased over time in cultures, with the highest levels at 15 days. Enzymes involved in the eicosanoid metabolism followed a distinct pattern of expression, suggesting potential regulation of @entity1421 synthesis with time in cultures under basal conditions. Use of postnatal brain cultures offers several advantages, especially regarding degree of neuronal maturation, use of postnatal pups instead of pregnant @entity19 , and potentially increased clinical relevance in models of neuroinflammation processes and prostanoid cellular neurobiology.

title: Expression of XXXX synthases in @entity19 postnatal cortical neurons.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity9610 :: ('CHEBI:23899', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoid']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity7001 :: ('17756(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['microtubule-associated protein 2']

entities_list: @entity1813 :: ('MESH:D015777', 'Chemical') :: ['Eicosanoids']

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E2']


abstract: AIM: The primary aim of this pilot study was to trial a method of assessing @entity2981 in a population of disabled @entity1 . If the method was found to be sufficiently robust it would be our intention to undertaking a more extensive observational study. BACKGROUND: Less is known about normal @entity2981 patterns in @entity1 with disability than in those without. It is important that the method used to assess @entity2981 is objective and repeatable. In an effort to define and improve repeatability, we employed a novel bruise measurement template which was printed onto transparent @entity598 sheets. METHOD: Twenty primary school age @entity1 , the majority of whom were non-ambulant and severely disabled with @entity306 , underwent full skin examination. The template was used to assess any @entity2981 seen. A comparison was then made between measurements made by experienced paediatricians using the template and using a standard tape measure on a series of bruise images in 25 photographs. RESULTS: The majority of @entity1 in our pilot were found to have @entity2981 , with one @entity1 having 6 and one 7 @entity2981 . This comparative study showed that the two techniques had a very similar precision and that the template was easy to use. Greater precision would require a tighter measurement protocol, whether with a template or a tape measure. CONCLUSIONS: Further evaluation of the application of such a template would be worthwhile. We would suggest that our finding of some @entity2981 in this population of disabled @entity1 is borne in mind whenever @entity2981 is found in a non-ambulant @entity1 .

title: A pilot study to measure marks in XXXX with @entity306 using a novel measurement template.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2981 :: ('MESH:D003288', 'Disease') :: ['bruises', 'bruising']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity7025 ( @entity7025 ) is a @entity432 which causes recurrent @entity64 and transient @entity63 attacks in @entity1 . The @entity4065 of @entity7025 targets the internal carotid arteries (ICA) and their branches resulting in @entity63 of the ICA circulation. Small perforator branches of the ICA dilate to provide collateral perfusion to @entity63 areas. This small vessel dilatation creates the characteristic angiographic appearance that gives the disease its name ("moyamoya" after the Japanese expression for "something hazy just like a puff of cigarette smoke drifting in the air"). Best medical management involves the prevention of @entity1031 events with antiplatelet agents, maintaining adequate hydration, and avoidance of hyperventilation which can contribute to cerebral vasoconstriction. Presently there are no definitive medical options to halt or correct the process of @entity7025 . Surgical procedures include both direct and indirect revascularization. Direct revascularization involves @entity254 of a branch of the external carotid artery to a branch of the internal carotid artery ( @entity8400 -MCA bipass). However, indirect procedures are often chosen in the pediatric population due to the technical difficulty of direct procedures related to small diameter blood vessels. Indirect procedures rely on @entity2295 , so the increase in cerebral blood flow is delayed beyond the immediate postoperative period. One such indirect procedure is pial synangiosis, which involves suturing the adventitia of the superficial temporal artery to the pial surface of the cerebral cortex after opening of the arachnoid. The authors present two pediatric @entity1 who required anesthetic care for pial synangiosis surgery. The perioperative care of such @entity1 is reviewed and suggestions presented for the intraoperative anesthetic management.

title: Perioperative care of the pediatric XXXX for pial synangiosis surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity4065 :: ('MESH:C537440', 'Disease') :: ['arteriopathy']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity7025 :: ('MESH:D009072', 'Disease') :: ['Moyamoya disease', 'MMD']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular occlusive disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between functional and nutritional changes caused by an @entity697 requiring hospitalisation and 6-month mortality. DESIGN: Hospital-based prospective longitudinal cohort study. SETTING: Acute care centre (Hospital General de Vic, Barcelona Province, Spain). Post-acute care centre (Hospital de la Santa Creu de Vic, Barcelona Province, Spain). SUBJECTS: Hundred sixty five @entity1 aged 75 years and older, hospitalised for an acute event. METHODS: Functional status (Barthel and Lawton Indices), @entity73 (Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire), nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment, albumin, @entity165 ), @entity308 (Geriatric Depression Scale), co-morbidity (Charlson Index) and self-rated health status were collected upon admission to the post-acute care centre. Functional and nutritional status were assessed 1, 3 and 6 months after admission by a trained staff of geriatricians. Six-month mortality was the main outcome variable. Survival analysis was performed with functional and nutritional status as time-dependent variables. RESULTS: The mean age of the cohort was 83.3 years (SD 5.1) and 68.5% were female. Six-month mortality was 29.1% (95% CI: 22.2-36.7). The variables associated with mortality in bivariate analysis were: gender, Barthel Index (2 weeks before admission), Lawton Index (2 weeks before admission), Charlson Index, Barthel Index (time-dependent), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) (time-dependent) and @entity73 . The variables associated with mortality in multivariate analysis were: gender, Barthel Index (2 weeks before admission), Charlson Index and MNA (time-dependent). CONCLUSIONS: Functional and nutritional changes due to an @entity697 have a statistical and clinical prognostic value and should be assessed along with other well-known relevant prognostic factors.

title: Time-dependent prognostic factors of 6-month mortality in frail elderly XXXX admitted to post-acute care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute illness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive status']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: It has been reported that @entity3512 + @entity31887 + @entity1961 -CD8- cells as well as Langerhans cells migrate from organ-cultured @entity19 skin into culture medium. We examined whether these @entity3512 + populations of migrating cells were derived from @entity3512 + dendritic epidermal T cells ( @entity3512 + @entity6567 ) and found that they were @entity3512 + @entity31887 + @entity1961 -CD8-gamma/delta TcR+ (gamma delta+T) cells but did not express V gamma 5TcR, which was used by a vast majority of @entity3512 + @entity6567 . Recently, a unique interaction between stromal cells and lymphohemopoietic progenitors has been reported in bone marrow and thymus. In this study, we established fibroblastoid cutaneous stromal cell (CSC) lines and clones from @entity19 skin and examined the interaction between CSC and gamma delta+T cells. When these gamma delta+T cells were co-cultured with CSC, a marked proliferation of small lymphoid cells was observed only in the presence of @entity2047 . Neither CSC alone nor @entity2047 alone could induce a similar proliferation. Flow cytometry revealed that they were @entity3512 + @entity31887 + @entity1961 -CD8-gamma/delta TcR+ but V gamma 5TcR-. Analysis of the major segments of their TcR by polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that V gamma 1, V gamma 2, V gamma 4 and all of the V delta chains from V delta 1 to V delta 7 were used without any predominant pattern. These data indicate the possible presence of gamma/delta+T cells other than V gamma 5TcR+ @entity3512 + @entity6567 in the @entity19 skin and the unique capacity of the CSC to support the growth of these migrating gamma/delta+ T cells. The nomenclature of @entity19 @entity46159 is according to Reilly et al. (Nature 1986. 321:878). The relationship between the different nomenclature systems is summarized in Takagi et al. (J. Immunol. 1989. 141:2112).

title: Interaction of cutaneous stromal cells and gamma/delta T cell receptor (TcR)-positive cells. I. V gamma 5-gamma/delta TcR+ T cells migrating from organ-cultured @entity19 skin proliferate by co-culture with cutaneous stromal cells in the presence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity46159 :: ('110067(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['T cell receptor gamma chain']

answer: @entity2047 :: (16183(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: AIMS: High local control rates are achieved in @entity5 using stereotactic ablative radiotherapy. Target delineation is commonly based on four-dimensional computed tomography (CT) scans. Target volumes defined by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) are compared with those defined by four-dimensional CT and conventional ('three-dimensional') @entity419 ( @entity419 ) PET/CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For 16 stage I @entity1149 , six approaches for deriving PET target volumes were evaluated: manual contouring, standardised uptake value (SUV) absolute threshold of 2.5, 35% of maximum SUV (35%SUV(MAX)), 41% of SUV(MAX) (41%SUV(MAX)) and two different source to background ratio techniques (SBR-1 and SBR-2). PET-derived target volumes were compared with the internal target volume (ITV) from the modified maximum intensity projection ( @entity11542 (MOD) ITV). Volumetric and positional correlation was assessed using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). RESULTS: PET-based target volumes did not correspond to four-dimensional CT-based target volumes. The mean DSC relative to @entity11542 (MOD) ITV were: PET manual = 0.64, SUV2.5 = 0.64, 35%SUV(MAX) = 0.63, 41%SUV(MAX) = 0.57. SBR-1 = 0.52, SBR-2 = 0.49. PET-based target volumes were smaller than corresponding @entity11542 ITVs. CONCLUSIONS: Conventional three-dimensional @entity8984 -FDG PET-derived target volumes for lung stereotactic ablative radiotherapy did not correspond well with those derived from four-dimensional CT, including those in routine clinical use ( @entity11542 (MOD) ITV). Caution is required in using three-dimensional PET for motion encompassing target volume delineation.

title: Defining target volumes for stereotactic ablative radiotherapy of early-stage lung tumours: a comparison of three-dimensional XXXX positron emission tomography and four-dimensional computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose', '(18)F-FDG']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage I lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer tumours']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6623 is an extremely rare @entity1462 of the epidural space. To the best of our knowledge, only five cases have been documented to date and none have been reported in the setting of a previous @entity5 . CASE PRESENTATION: In this paper, we report the case of a 42 year-old @entity1 with a previous history of @entity43 , treated by surgery plus chemotherapy; who presented with signs of @entity1745 for three weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intensely enhancing epidural mass at the T2-T6 level causing major @entity1745 for which urgent surgery was indicated. During surgery, the @entity5 was extremely hemorrhagic and the hemostasis was hazardous. @entity190 was estimated to 1.5 L causing hemodynamic instability and requiring intensive resuscitation with fluids and blood transfusions. Gross total resection was finally achieved and the pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of @entity6623 . The @entity1 recovered quickly post-operatively and was able to walk independently within two weeks of starting intensive rehabilitation. She is symptom free with no clinical or radiological evidence of recurrence at one year follow-up. CONCLUSION: @entity6623 should be included in the differential diagnosis of spinal epidural masses even in case of previous @entity5 . Subtle imaging features should alert of this rare yet potentially life threatening condition. Surgery remains the cornerstone of the treatment and can result in remarkable recovery.

title: @entity6623 presenting with XXXX in a 42 year-old @entity1 with previous history of @entity43 : A case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['Blood loss']

entities_list: @entity6623 :: ('MESH:D020787', 'Disease') :: ['venous angioma', 'Venous angioma']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformation']

answer: @entity1745 :: (MESH:D013117,Disease) :: ['spinal cord compression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the expression and role of three proteins ( @entity16613 , @entity185 and @entity7349 ) during craniofacial development. DESIGN: Seven pregnant C57Bl/6J @entity19 received, by force-feeding at gestation day 9 (E9), 80 mg/kg of @entity1968 mixed to @entity5420 oil. Seven pregnant NMRI @entity19 received two grays irradiation at the same gestation day. Control @entity19 of both strains (seven @entity19 for each strain) were not submitted to any treatment. Embryos were obtained at various stages after exposition (3, 6, 12 and 24 h), fixed, dehydrated and embedded. Coronal sections (5 microm) were made. Slide staining occurred alternatively using anti- @entity16613 , anti- @entity185 and anti- @entity7349 immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Expression of @entity16613 , @entity185 and @entity7349 was found in cells of well-known locations of programmed cell death. After @entity1968 exposure, expressions were increased especially in neural crest cells of mandibular and hyoid arches. Quantification of positive cells shows that @entity7349 and @entity16613 were expressed before @entity185 . After irradiation, the expression of the three proteins quickly increased with a maximum 3 h after irradiation. For all three models of apoptosis (physiological, retinoic-induced and irradiation-induced) @entity16613 positive cells were more numerous than @entity185 positive cells. @entity185 positive cells were more numerous than @entity7349 positive cells especially in mesectodermal irradiation-induced apoptotic cells. CONCLUSION: The findings show a potential function of @entity16613 in apoptosis during embryo development. @entity185 -expressing cells are more numerous than cells expressing @entity7349 , especially irradiation-induced apoptotic neural crest cells. This suggests that other caspases, still to be identified, may activate @entity185 in this model.

title: Correlation of @entity16613 expression with caspase-3 and -9 during apoptosis induced by in vivo embryonic exposition to XXXX or irradiation in early @entity19 craniofacial development.

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid', 'all-trans retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['retinoic acid']


abstract: We report about a 72-year-old @entity1 who was admitted to our hospital because of an acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ). At admission, she received a loading dose of 300 mg @entity1397 and 500 mg @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) prior to angioplasty with stenting of a 90% diameter stenosis of the proximal right coronary artery. After intervention, 75 mg @entity1397 and 300 mg @entity1281 OD were continued. Three days later, she developed a recurrent @entity583 due to stent @entity715 and a second stent implantation was performed. The dose of @entity1397 and @entity1281 remained unchanged. Three days later, the @entity1 suffered a third @entity583 due to a restent @entity715 and additional stent implantation was performed. The dose of @entity1397 and @entity1281 was increased to 75 mg BD and 500 mg OD. Platelet function analysis and aggregation studies demonstrated dose-independent @entity1281 resistance. @entity857 -induced aggregation showed a short-term platelet inhibition with subsequent rapid normalisation, thus suggesting @entity1397 resistance. Therefore, the treatment was changed to coumadin and @entity1281 100 mg OD. Since then, the @entity1 has been clinically stabile. Our case indicates for the first time the existence of a subgroup of @entity1 with combined @entity1397 and @entity1281 resistance. We conclude that identification of these @entity1 is required and alternative therapeutic options have to be considered.

title: Combined @entity117 and XXXX resistance associated with recurrent coronary stent @entity715 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['Clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'acute STEMI', 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1397 :: (MESH:C055162,Chemical) :: ['clopidogrel']


abstract: The group of soft tissue @entity242 in adult @entity1 is a heterogeneous group with more than 40 different subtypes. While local treatment remains the mainstay for localized disease, systemic chemotherapy can importantly contribute in the treatment of @entity242 . For @entity1 with @entity3 , chemotherapy is a palliative treatment in the vast majority of the cases. In this setting, @entity137 should not outweigh the potential benefits resulting from chemotherapy. In @entity1 with locally advanced disease too extensive for local treatment, systemic chemotherapy can contribute to cure, provided that @entity5 shrinkage renders subsequent optimal local treatment possible. In these cases, chemotherapeutic regimens yielding the highest response rates achievable should be used. In the last decades, several randomized studies have aimed to determine whether combination regimens yield benefit over single-agent treatment in terms of response rate and overall survival. This review addresses the current available data on chemotherapy for adult @entity1 with soft @entity242 , excluding @entity674 , the @entity2828 , and other small blue round cell @entity5 . In addition, it is increasingly recognized that future research in soft @entity242 should focus on the identification of @entity5 factors that can serve as targets for treatment and that the diverse @entity5 subtypes should be analyzed separately for their sensitivity to systemic treatment. This review also focuses on these and other strategies that will hopefully lead to better out comes in this disease entity in the near future.

title: Using single-agent therapy in adult XXXX with @entity242 can still be considered standard care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['Ewing-like sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'tissue sarcoma', 'advanced soft tissue sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Situations such as the recovery from injury and illness can lead to enforced periods of muscle disuse or unloading. Such circumstances lead to rapid skeletal @entity2057 , loss of functional strength and a multitude of related negative health consequences. The elderly population is particularly vulnerable to the acute challenges of muscle disuse @entity194 . Any loss of skeletal muscle mass must be underpinned by a chronic imbalance between muscle protein synthesis and breakdown rates. It is recognized that @entity2057 during prolonged (>10 days) disuse is brought about primarily by declines in post-absorptive and post-prandial muscle protein synthesis rates, without a clear contribution from changes in muscle protein breakdown. Few data are available on the impact of short-term disuse (<10 days) on muscle protein turnover in @entity1 . However, indirect evidence indicates that considerable @entity2057 occurs during this early phase, and is likely attributed to a rapid increase in muscle protein breakdown accompanied by the characteristic decline in muscle protein synthesis. Short-term disuse @entity194 is of particular relevance in the development of @entity6288 , as it has been suggested that successive short periods of muscle disuse, due to @entity130 , accumulate throughout an individual's lifespan and contributes considerably to the net @entity121 observed with aging. Research is warranted to elucidate the physiological and molecular basis for rapid @entity121 during short periods of disuse. Such mechanistic insight will allow the characterization of nutritional, exercise and/or pharmacological interventions to prevent or attenuate @entity121 during periods of disuse and therefore aid in the treatment of age-related @entity6288 .

title: Skeletal XXXX during short-term disuse: implications for age-related @entity6288 .

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['sarcopenia']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle loss']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['sickness or injury']

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['muscle atrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Activity avoidance and fear of movement/(re)injury are increasingly being recognized as important factors in the rehabilitation of @entity1 suffering from @entity1643 , yet these factors have not been thoroughly explored in @entity1 suffering from @entity613 resulting from @entity2649 . PURPOSE: To determine, compare, and explain differences in the degree of fear of movement/(re)injury and activity avoidance in @entity1 with @entity613 , @entity455 , and asymptomatic volunteers. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective controlled cohort study at an academic medical center. @entity1 SAMPLE: Eighty-two adults aged between 55 and 90 years with @entity613 , @entity455 , or no back and leg symptoms. METHODS: Subjects completed a visual analog scale for @entity158 , the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale, Short Form 36 (SF-36), and the 13-item version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (Tampa). They were also asked to estimate their maximum walking distance. OUTCOME MEASURES: The difference in the level of fear of movement/(re)injury and activity avoidance in the two symptomatic populations, as well as the predictive validity of self-reported measures such as @entity2531 , and @entity308 in determining fear avoidance. RESULTS: The total Tampa score was significantly higher in individuals with @entity613 (M=31.68; standard deviation [SD]=7.56; N=39) than @entity455 (M=24.07; SD=6.57; N=15) (p=.002), whereas both symptomatic groups were significantly different from controls (M=18.71; SD=6.3; N=28) (p<.001 vs. neurogenic; p<.05 vs. vascular). Tampa scores were strongly correlated to the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale score (r=0.515; p<.001), SF-36 Physical Functioning score (r=-0.632; p<.001), and the visual analog scale average level of @entity158 in a week (r=0.461; p<.001). Using a standard multiple regression model (R  =0.406; F(3,62)=13.47; p<.001), the @entity73 , that is, the SF-36 Physical Functioning score, was the strongest contributor to the variance in the Tampa total score (b=-0.371; p=.014). The average level of @entity158 did not make a significant or unique contribution in predicting the Tampa total score. Functional impairment as measured by the SF-36 Physical Functioning was strongly correlated with both @entity158 (r=-0.740; p<.001) and @entity308 (r=-0.488; p<.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity613 have important elevations in fear and avoidance, higher than those with @entity613 from another source ( @entity5327 ). The impact of fear and avoidance along with other factors such as @entity308 on @entity158 , disability, and quality of life for @entity1 with @entity613 and @entity612 need to be explored.

title: Fear of movement/(re)injury and activity avoidance in XXXX with @entity455 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENT', 'Persons', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular claudication']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['amount of functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication', 'neurogenic claudication']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['pain level, functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['vascular insufficiency']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recent studies have shown an increased risk of @entity2 in @entity1 with bronchial obstructive changes, including @entity1 with @entity1030 . It seems that there are common factors of pathogenesis of both diseases associated with oxidative stress. In the present paper the genes linked to the repair of oxidative damage of DNA, associated with @entity5 , of @entity68 metabolism and coding proteolytic enzymes were assessed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted in two groups of @entity1 : 53 @entity1 with @entity1149 and @entity1030 , and 54 @entity1 only with @entity1030 . The polymorphisms of the single @entity377 were determined in the case of the majority of genes using the PCR-RFLP method. The statistical analysis of quantitative variables was executed using the Mann-Withney U-test and the test of medians; the analysis of genetic variables was executed using the chi   test. RESULTS: Regarding the polymorphisms of genes involved in @entity68 metabolism, statistically significant differences between the two groups have been demonstrated only in the case of @entity2104 gene @entity23120 . A higher incidence of form 1/1 was found in @entity1 with @entity1030 and a higher incidence of form 1/2 in @entity1 with @entity2 and @entity1030 . Analysis of gene polymorphisms of proteolytic enzymes and inhibitors of the enzyme gene showed statistically significant differences between the two groups only for the @entity1549 gene 6A/5A. In the case of the @entity10885 gene polymorphism ( @entity16730 ) a tendency toward differences in the occurrence of specific alleles was identified. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that @entity1 with coincidence of @entity1030 and @entity2 have disorders of the genes involved in @entity68 metabolism, and they have different genetic polymorphisms of proteolytic enzymes comparing to @entity1030 @entity1 .

title: Association of genetic dependences between XXXX and @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: The effect of @entity1681 on the development of the small intestine was examined in newborn, colostrum-deprived piglets infected with a @entity1 isolate of @entity2820 (serotype 0:3, biotype 4) soon after birth. The piglets were killed 3 days (n = 6) or 5 days (n = 8) after infection, or antibiotic therapy was commenced on day 5 and the animals killed on day 14 (n = 5). Compared with the non-infected controls, infected animals had @entity33 and sucrase, but not maltase activity, while after antibiotic therapy, previously infected piglets had a lower lactase and a higher maltase and sucrase activity. Lactase activity was significantly reduced in the duodenum and jejunum, and mean values were lower in the ileum, but the difference did not reach significance; maltase activity was greater at all ages from the distal jejunum to the mid-ileum; sucrase activity was reduced in all segments up to day 5 but after antibiotic therapy was increased in the jejunum and appeared early in the ileum. Enzyme profiles were more mature along the crypt-villus axis in some segments of the intestine in previously infected piglets. @entity1372 - @entity972 -ATPase activity was unchanged. There was a reduced villus height:crypt depth ratio, crypt @entity1373 and increased crypt cell proliferation. Morphological maturation, indicated by loss of vacuoles and location of the nucleus at the base of the enterocyte, proceeded distally from the duodenum to ileum from 3 to 14 days of age when only the ileum remained immature. In infected piglets, there was reduced vacuolation and earlier location of the nucleus at the base of the cell in the distal intestine. Accelerated maturity of specific disaccharidases and enterocyte morphology in infected piglets appears to be due to physical damage to the mucosa resulting in faster proliferation of crypt cells and migration of enterocytes. It is suggested that this may reduce macromolecular internalisation and impair the ability to utilise dietary @entity1735 and may have long-term effects on growth and immunological responses of the gut.

title: Impact of XXXX @entity1681 on disaccharidase activity and small intestinal morphology in colostrum-deprived newborn piglets.

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['reduced mucosal lactase']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['enteritis']

entities_list: @entity2820 :: ('630', 'Species') :: ['Y. enterocolitica']

answer: @entity2820 :: (630,Species) :: ['Yersinia enterocolitica']


abstract: In @entity1 with @entity1645 with and without associated @entity1644 , aberrant cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics and a spectrum of posterior fossa pathological findings are demonstrated. In this study, the authors test the validity of using prospective cardiac-gated phase-contrast cine-mode magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to define the @entity600 , delineate its pathophysiology, and assist in implementing a rational treatment plan. Eighty-five cases were prospectively analyzed using cine MR imaging. Sixty-five @entity1 , adults and @entity1 , with symptomatic @entity1645 , with and without @entity1644 , were surgically treated from 1990 to 1999. All @entity1 underwent pre- and postoperative cine MR evaluation. Ten @entity1 were treated after a previous surgical procedure had failed. To establish CSF flow characteristics and normative CSF profiles, 20 healthy volunteers were examined. Compared with normal volunteers, in @entity1645 @entity1 with and without @entity1644 , uniformly abnormal craniocervical junction CSF flow profiles were revealed. After intradural exploration, nearly all @entity1 with @entity1645 experienced clinical improvement and CSF flow profiles, paralleling those of normal volunteers, were shown. In all @entity1 in whom treatment had failed, abnormal preoperative CSF flow profiles, which correlated with suspected physiological abnormalities and the pathological findings noted at reoperation, were demonstrated. Symptomatic @entity1645 is a dynamic process characterized by the impaction of the hindbrain in an abnormal posterior fossa. This compression obstructs the normal venting of CSF in and out of the craniocervical subarachnoid space, throughout the cardiac cycle. Therefore, decompression or enlargement of the posterior fossa to establish normal CSF pathways should be the primary goal of surgical intervention. Aberrant CSF flow appears to be only one aspect of the pathological condition found in @entity1 with @entity1645 . Arachnoid scarring in the posterior fossa and selective vulnerability of the spinal cord may also be factors in the pathogenesis and maintenance of associated @entity1644 . Phase-contrast cine MR imaging is a useful tool in defining physiological and anatomical problems in @entity1 with Chiari I and @entity1644 , and it can help guide an appropriate primary or salvage surgical therapy.

title: Toward a rational treatment of @entity1645 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari malformation', 'Chiari I malformation']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['syringomyelia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and @entity137 of standard-dose IA regimen ( @entity8779 and @entity2592 ) as induction therapy followed by FLAG regimen in @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), and its influence on peripheral stem cell mobilization. METHODS: A total of 23 previously untreated de novo @entity3052 @entity1 were enrolled. Thirteen @entity1 were male, and 10 female, with ages ranging from 14 to 54 (median: 41) years. Cytogenetic analysis was performed for all @entity1 . The IA regimen contained @entity8779 (12 mg x m(-2) x d(-1), days 1 to 3) and @entity2592 (100 mg x m(-2) x d(-1), days 1 to 7), and the FLAG regimen contained' @entity3118 (50 mg/d, days 1 to 5), @entity2592 (2 g x m(-2) x d(-1), days 1 to 5) and @entity1261 ( @entity1261 , 300 microg/d, days 0 to 5). RESULTS: After one course of induction therapy, the CR rate was 91.3%. The CR rate for @entity1 with favourable and intermediate prognostic karyotypes was 100% and 91.3%, respectively. Nineteen @entity1 in CR were consolidated with FLAG regimen, of which 6/9 (66.7%) @entity1 were able to mobilize a sufficient number of @entity2280 + cells and successfully performed autologous stem cell transplantation. Four @entity1 relapsed. The median survival duration was 19.5 months and median disease-free survival was 14 months. @entity281 due to @entity1398 were the most frequent adverse effects, severe nonhematologic @entity137 and the early death were not observed in all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: IA followed by FLAG regimen is effective and well tolerable in @entity3052 @entity1 especially in those with favourable and intermediate prognostic karyotypes, and 1 to 2 courses of this therapy shows no influence on peripheral stem cell mobilization and subsequent autologous stem cell transplantation.

title: [Efficacy of IA regimen followed by FLAG regimen in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity8779 :: ('MESH:D015255', 'Chemical') :: ['idarubicin']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Myelosuppression and infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia']


abstract: Despite its insensate condition and apparent @entity308 , the anesthetized @entity35 can provide useful information about the systems involved in locomotor initiation. The preparation appears to be particularly appropriate for the study of the appetitive locomotor systems and may be more limited for the study of the circuits involved in exploratory and defensive locomotion. In the anesthetized @entity35 , pharmacological evidence indicates that the preoptic basal forebrain contains neurons which initiate locomotor stepping. Mapping with low levels of electrical stimulation indicates, but does not prove, that a region centered in the lateral preoptic area might be the location of these neurons. Several lines of evidence indicate that locomotor stepping elicited by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus is mediated by neurons in the perifornical and @entity2339 . Locomotor effects of @entity1640 stimulation persist in the absence of descending fibers of passage from the ipsilateral preoptic locomotor regions but are severely impaired by @entity4176 lesions in the area of stimulation. Injections of @entity2227 into the perifornical and @entity2339 elicit locomotor stepping at short latencies. Anatomical evidence suggests that the two regions are components of a network for appetitive locomotion. The recognition that multiple systems initiate locomotion both clarifies and complicates the study of locomotion. It provides a framework that incorporates disparate findings but it also underscores the need for increased attention to behavioral issues in studies of locomotor circuitry.

title: Preoptic and XXXX neurons and the initiation of locomotion in the anesthetized @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['motoric depression']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['lateral hypothalamus']

answer: @entity1640 :: (MESH:D007027,Disease) :: ['hypothalamic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of @entity1101 distillers' dried grains with solubles (sDDGS) and xylanase supplementation in broiler @entity1573 diets. A total of 432 Cobb-500 day-old male broiler chicks were used in a 4   2 factorial design (0, 100, 200 or 300 g kg(-1) sDDGS with or without xylanase supplementation). Each treatment was replicated six times with nine birds per replicate in a 35 day study. RESULTS: Feed intake was increased (P < 0.001) throughout the study with the inclusion of dietary sDDGS. Body @entity1017 (BWG) was unaffected except for the last 2 weeks of study, when birds that received 200 and 300 g kg(-1) sDDGS had higher (P < 0.001) BWG. @entity6780 ( @entity6780 ) increased (P < 0.05) as sDDGS in the diet rose to 100 g kg(-1) during the starter phase and the whole period of study. Over the starter period, xylanase supplementation improved (P < 0.05) @entity6780 , particularly for the highest inclusion of sDDGS. Protein digestibility deteriorated (P < 0.001) as sDDGS in the diet rose to 300 g kg(-1) . Xylanase reduced (P < 0.001) the concentration of xylose in the ileum of birds. The activities of sucrase and maltase in the jejunal mucosa were reduced when birds were offered 200 and 300 g kg(-1) sDDGS. Incorporation of sDDGS increased (P < 0.01) the total short-chain @entity844 concentration in the caeca. CONCLUSION: The results showed that diets containing large amounts of sDDGS will benefit from xylanase supplementation, particularly in terms of @entity6780 .

title: Xylanase supplementation improves the nutritive value of diets containing high levels of @entity1101 distillers' dried grains with solubles for broiler XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']


abstract: @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) regulates keratinocyte growth and differentiation as well as @entity32 in skin, processes which are abnormal in @entity272 such as @entity1569 . @entity864 ( @entity865 ) binds to and activates @entity7131 . We investigated the effects of @entity49049 , a novel @entity866 derivative, which interacts with the catalytic domain of @entity7131 , on @entity865 -induced @entity32 and @entity1373 in hairless @entity19 skin and @entity865 -induced differentiation in cultured @entity1 keratinocytes. Dorsal @entity19 skin was treated with vehicle, @entity865 (2.0/ 2.5 nmol) or @entity49049 followed by @entity865 . Epidermal thickness, and epidermal, upper dermal and deep dermal @entity32 (assessed on an ordinal semiquantitative scale) were determined in biopsies taken 24 h and 48 h post-treatment. @entity49049 (100 nmol) inhibited @entity865 -induced epidermal, upper dermal and deep dermal @entity32 by 71%, 45% and 22%, respectively, at 24 h (n = 3, P < 0.05). @entity865 -induced @entity1373 was inhibited by @entity49049 (400 nmol) by 38% at 48 h (n = 3, P < 0.05). In addition, in cultured @entity1 keratinocytes, @entity49049 inhibited @entity865 induction of transglutaminase. I protein, which catalyzes the formation of crosslinked envelopes. These results indicate that @entity49049 exhibits biological activity, inhibiting @entity865 -induced changes in hairless @entity19 skin in vivo and cultured @entity1 keratinocytes in vitro, and suggest that @entity7131 inhibitors may have a therapeutic role in inflammatory @entity272 .

title: @entity49049 , a novel @entity866 derivative, inhibits XXXX -induced @entity32 and @entity1373 in hairless @entity19 skin.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['PKC', 'Protein kinase C']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin diseases']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity864 :: (MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755,Chemical) :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1534 @entity281 is associated with @entity2275 in about 90% of the cases, but only a few controlled studies aimed at evaluating gastric @entity1066 and the natural history after @entity1534 -eradication have been carried out. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of @entity4546 coupled with @entity115 in the eradication of @entity1534 and healing and prevention of gastric @entity1066 recurrence. @entity1 : Fifty-nine @entity1 with active gastric @entity1066 were randomized under double-blind conditions to receive either @entity4546 20 mg twice daily for four weeks plus @entity115 3 g daily during the first and second week (29 @entity1 , Group A) or @entity4546 .20 mg twice daily for 4 weeks plus placebo for two weeks (30 @entity1 , Group B). METHODS: Endoscopic studies were carried out at the end of the 4 weeks treatment (or after 8 weeks in non-healed @entity1 ) as well as 2, 6 and 12 months later. A total of 3 biopsies in the antrum, 3 in the gastric body and at least seven at the edge of the crater were taken at each endoscopic control for exclusion, of @entity5 , histological detection of @entity1534 and for evaluation of gastric histology according to the Sydney system. RESULTS: With intention to treat analysis, the percentage of healing after 4 and 8 weeks was 86% and 100% in Group A @entity1 and 86% and 93% in Group B, respectively. Two @entity1 dropped out in Group B for non medical reasons. The percentage of eradication was 63% in Group A and 7% in Group B. During a 12-month follow-up gastric @entity1066 relapsed in 20/32 (63%) of the persistently @entity1534 positive @entity1 . Only two out 20 (10%) @entity1534 cured @entity1 showed a gastric @entity1066 relapse and @entity1534 reinfection. Twenty out of 30 @entity1 , still healed after 12 months, underwent endoscopic control after two years. A gastric @entity1066 relapse was observed in three out of nine (33%) @entity1 with persisting @entity281 after treatment. No @entity1819 , but one case of @entity2681 were observed in the 11 @entity1534 -eradicated @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, @entity1534 eradication does not favour gastric @entity1066 but does positively influence the subsequent natural history.

title: @entity1534 eradication in the healing and recurrence of XXXX : a two-year, double-blind, placebo controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['erosive oesophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity2275 :: (MESH:D013276,Disease) :: ['benign gastric ulcer']


abstract: @entity10807 (HeLa x fibroblast) hybrid cells have been utilized to study mechanisms of radiation-induced @entity5 of @entity1 cells in vitro. Previous analysis has shown that loss of active @entity5 suppressor alleles on fibroblast chromosomes 11 and 14 may be required for radiation-induced @entity5 of @entity10807 cells. @entity393 was, therefore, found to be necessary but not sufficient for @entity5 . We postulated that the @entity393 may make the hybrid cells more susceptible to radiation-induced @entity5 , since these cells have already undergone one of the required @entity5 suppressor loss events. Hybrid cells which have lost one copy of chromosome 11 were designated CON104(-11). CON104(-11) hybrid cells were found to have increased X-ray sensitivity and susceptibility to radiation-induced @entity5 when compared with the parental @entity10807 cells. In addition, the neoplastically transformed foci appear to arise earlier after radiation exposure in CON104(-11) versus @entity10807 cells. Furthermore, the plating efficiency (PE) of the progeny of the irradiated CON104(-11) cells, growing in transformation flasks, is persistently lower than parental @entity10807 cells during the 21 day assay period. The lower PE of the progeny of irradiated cells was attributed to the expression of delayed @entity204 /lethal mutations post-irradiation, a reflection of genomic instability. Taken together, the data indicate that previous @entity393 may increase the radiation-induced genomic instability of the hybrid cells, leading to increased radiation sensitivity and @entity5 potential. The data suggest that one possible function of the chromosome 11 @entity5 suppressor gene may be to help maintain genome stability after radiation damage.

title: Previous @entity393 containing a suppressor locus increases radiosensitivity, XXXX in HeLa x fibroblast @entity1 hybrid cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic transformation']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['Loss of chromosome 11 alone', 'loss of chromosome 11']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['neoplastic transformation frequency and delayed death']