abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent high-resolution @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) studies have detected persistent flow instability in @entity438 ( @entity438 ) that was not observed in previous in silico studies. These flow fluctuations have shown incidental association with @entity397 in a small @entity439 dataset. The aims of this study are to explore the capabilities and limitations of a commercial cfd solver in capturing such velocity fluctuations, whether fluctuation kinetic energy (fKE) as a marker to quantify such instability could be a potential parameter to predict @entity1756 , and what geometric parameters might be associated with such fluctuations. First, we confirmed that the second-order discretization schemes and high spatial and temporal resolutions are required to capture these @entity439 . Next, we analyzed 56 @entity1 -specific @entity438 (12 ruptured) by transient, high-resolution @entity5173 simulations with a cycle-averaged, constant inflow boundary condition. Finally, to explore the mechanism by which such flow instabilities might arise, we investigated correlations between fKE and several @entity439 geometrical parameters. Our results show that flow instabilities were present in 8 of 56 @entity438 , all of which were unruptured bifurcation @entity439 . Statistical analysis revealed that fKE could not differentiate ruptured from @entity439 . Thus, our study does not lend support to these flow instabilities (based on a cycle-averaged constant inflow as opposed to peak velocity) being a marker for @entity397 . We found a positive correlation between fKE and @entity439 size as well as size ratio. This suggests that the intrinsic flow instability may be associated with the breakdown of an inflow jet penetrating the @entity439 space.

title: Flow Instability Detected by High-Resolution Computational Fluid Dynamics in Fifty-Six Middle Cerebral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms', 'intracranial aneurysms', 'MCA aneurysms', 'IAs']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['CFD', 'computational fluid dynamics']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal flow fluctuations', 'aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'unruptured aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Artery Aneurysms']


abstract: Purpose: To investigate treatment outcome and long term complication after surgery and radiotherapy (RT) for @entity977 . Materials and Methods: From 1990 to 2009, 73 @entity1 with surgery and RT for @entity977 were analyzed in this study. Median age was 51 years (range, 25 to 71 years). Median @entity5 size was 3 cm (range, 1 to 5 cm) with suprasellar (n = 21), cavernous sinus extension (n = 14) or both (n = 5). Hormone secreting @entity5 was diagnosed in 29 @entity1 ; 16 @entity1 with prolactin, 12 @entity1 with @entity2124 , and 1 @entity1 with adrenocorticotrophic hormone. @entity227 was presented in 33 @entity1 at first diagnosis. Most @entity1 (n = 64) received RT as postoperative adjuvant setting. Median RT dose was 45 Gy (range, 45 to 59.4 Gy). Results: Median follow-up duration was 8 years (range, 3 to 22 years). In secreting @entity5 , hormone normalization rate was 55% (16 of 29 @entity1 ). For 25 @entity1 with evaluable visual field and visual acuity test, 21 @entity1 (84%) showed improvement of @entity227 after treatment. The 10-year @entity5 control rate for non-secreting and secreting @entity652 was 100% and 58%, respectively (p < 0.001). Progression free survival rate at 10 years was 98%. Only 1 @entity1 experienced endocrinological recurrence. Following surgery, 60% (n = 44) suffered from @entity71 . Late complication associated with RT was only 1 @entity1 , who developed @entity231 . Conclusion: Surgery and RT are very effective and safe in hormonal and @entity5 growth control for secreting and non-secreting @entity977 .

title: Long-term outcomes of surgery and radiotherapy for secreting and non-secreting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Impairment of visual acuity or visual field', 'visual disturbance']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary function deficit']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Potential additive effects of @entity172 and @entity2614 against @entity385 after transient or permanent @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) have not been addressed. We evaluated these using a @entity35 model of @entity2500 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: 60 adult female @entity35 were used in the experiments after ovariectomy. Animals were divided into placebo/no @entity2500 , placebo + @entity2500 , and @entity172 + @entity2500 groups. Each group was further subdivided into subgroups exposed to @entity2614 or @entity26 . Animals in the placebo group received intraperitoneal injections of saline, whereas the @entity172 group animals received intraperitoneal injections of @entity53 (1 mg per day). @entity2500 was performed 1 week after the ovariectomy. @entity2614 and @entity26 subgroups breathed either @entity2614 or @entity26 for 30 min during the surgery. Outcomes were the levels of serum @entity53 (E2), @entity568 , and @entity34006 ( @entity34006 ) (all by ELISA), @entity51 scores (24 hours, 7 and 28 days after the operation), @entity4207 (both by the Morris water maze test on days 7 and 28). RESULTS: @entity2500 significantly up-regulated serum levels of @entity568 and @entity34006 (p < 0.05 for both comparisons). The animals that received the combined treatment with @entity172 and @entity2614 showed less extensive up-regulation of these markers (p < 0.05 vs. placebo-treated animals). Furthermore, @entity2500 induced severe @entity51 and disorders of @entity4207 . All these were attenuated by the combined treatment. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate neuroprotective effects of pre-conditioning with @entity172 and post-conditioning @entity2614 in experimental animal undergoing @entity2500 .

title: Protective effects of XXXX combined with @entity2614 in an experimental model of @entity385 and focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction', 'neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['spatial learning and memory']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane', 'Sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: AIMS: Inflammation is a key factor in the long-term outcome of @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). The aim of the present study was to evaluate inflammatory markers in @entity1 with @entity1187 as predictors for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and hard events. METHODS: This study included 1548 @entity1 with @entity1187 . @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ), and their subtypes were analyzed during hospitalization. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to assess the predictive value and hard events (nonfatal @entity583 and @entity204 ) and MACE (hard events, hospitalization for cardiac causes, late revascularization and @entity64 ) were obtained during 30 days. RESULTS: ROC analysis of @entity1851 and @entity1503 to predict adverse events revealed cut-offs of 47.5ng/l and 16.6 10/ l for MACE and 93.5ng/l and 16.6 10/ l for hard events. The cumulative adverse event rates were significantly higher in @entity1 with increased @entity1851 (>= 47.5ng/l; 17 versus 4%, P<0.001) and @entity1503 (>= 16.6 10/ l; 21 versus 5%, P<0.001) for MACE and with elevated @entity1851 (>= 93.5ng/l; 16 versus 2%, P<0.001) and @entity1503 (>= 16.6 10/ l; 18 versus 2%, P<0.001) for hard events, demonstrating highest event rates with elevation of both inflammatory markers: (28 versus 5%, P<0.001) for MACE and (26 versus 2%, P<0.001) for hard events. Analysis of @entity1851 and @entity1503 further revealed a substantial negative correlation with left ventricular function (P<0.001). Moreover, markers of @entity296 were significantly elevated in @entity1 with abnormal @entity1851 or @entity1503 (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Inflammatory markers such as @entity1851 and @entity1503 alone and, particularly, in combination are strong and independent predictors of outcome in @entity1 with @entity1187 .

title: Impact of inflammation on adverse cardiovascular events in XXXX with @entity1187 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['white blood count', 'WBC']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Results from a limited number of studies suggest a potential role for endogenous @entity112 in regulating @entity5 growth in immunocompetent cells. The present study examined the effects of exogenous @entity112 on @entity14 growth and the immune response against @entity5 tissue in @entity19 . @entity112 was administered for 21 days to Colon 38 @entity19 @entity694 -implanted syngeneic @entity19 and @entity5 volume was measured throughout the experiment. Systemic administration of @entity112 for 21 days caused a significant @entity5 implant growth compared with the vehicle. At the end of @entity112 administration, the @entity60 / @entity58 ratio in peripheral lymphocytes, as well as @entity112 and cytokine levels in @entity5 implants were determined. @entity112 levels in @entity5 implants remained unchanged after exogenous @entity112 delivery. @entity19 with @entity5 implants exhibited significantly elevated @entity60 / @entity58 ratios compared with @entity19 lacking @entity5 . Nonetheless, the increased @entity60 / @entity58 ratios were markedly suppressed by @entity112 administration compared with vehicle. In addition, @entity112 delivery significantly decreased @entity60 and IL-12 mRNA expression, but increased @entity1618 mRNA expression in @entity5 implants. It was concluded that exogenous @entity112 dysregulates the balance between T-helper 1 ( @entity630 ) and T-helper 2 ( @entity61 ) cells, attenuating anti- @entity5 cytokine expression in the @entity5 microenvironment, thus resulting in stimulated @entity14 growth.

title: Exogenous @entity112 stimulates @entity14 implant growth via immunosuppression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'increase in tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon (IFN)-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Several examples of functional recovery of instrumental responding after @entity75 are reviewed. Small incision on the boundary between the sensory and the motor cortex of a @entity235 changed the saliency not only of the tactile but also of the auditory conditioned stimuli, eliciting the preoperatively acquired alimentary instrumental response. Prefrontal lesions in @entity468 affected differently each of the several learning processes involved in the performance of the avoidance response: they enhanced the classically conditioned component, attenuated the motivational role of fear but left the motor component intact. Preoperatively acquired interrelations of these components underwent substantial changes, leading to the restoration of the previous level of avoidance of @entity158 . However, a highly adaptive mode of behavior, namely avoidance of the state of fear, was permanently impaired. After small electrolytic lesions of amygdalar nucleus centralis @entity468 were handicapped in the acquisition of escape from @entity158 responses. The responses to low shock intensities were especially diminished. Improvement of the escape from @entity158 responses was observed after a prolonged increase of the intertrial response frequency. The effectiveness of both escape and avoidance learning depended on the duration of the postoperative recovery period prior to instrumental training. All these data indicated that @entity75 changed the interactions between different parts of the neuronal circuitry participating in the learning and performance of a given instrumental response.

title: Changes of behavioral strategy as a mechanism of relearning instrumental responses after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral lesions']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['cerebral lesions']


abstract: The @entity470 or HER family is a group of membrane bound @entity669 kinase receptors that initiate signal transduction cascades, which are critical to a wide range of biological processes. When over-expressed or mutated, members of this kinase family form homomeric or heteromeric kinase assemblies that are involved in certain @entity1 @entity5 . Targeted therapy evolved from studies showing that monoclonal antibodies to the ectodomain of @entity1722 / @entity1722 would reverse the malignant phenotype. Unfortunately, @entity5 develop resistance to targeted therapies even when coupled with genotoxic insults such as radiation. Radiation treatment predominantly induces double strand DNA breaks, which, if not repaired, are potentially lethal to the cell. Some @entity5 are resistant to radiation treatment because they effectively repair double strand breaks. We and others have shown that even in the presence of ionizing radiation, active @entity470 kinase signaling apparently enhances the repair process, such that transformed cells resist genotoxic signal induced cell death. We review here the current understanding of @entity470 signaling and DNA double strand break repair. Some studies have identified a mechanism by which DNA damage is coordinated to assemblies of proteins that associate with SUN domain containing proteins. These assemblies represent a new target for therapy of resistant @entity5 cells.

title: Reversion of the XXXX malignant phenotype and the DNA damage response.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['ErbB']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Poor differentiation and microvascular invasion are indicators of poor outcome after hepatectomy for @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ). AIMS: We investigated whether @entity18497 -enhanced and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could predict these factors before hepatectomy. METHODS: Between July 2008 and April 2012, 75 @entity1 who underwent hepatectomy for small @entity5462 (diameter:  <=3cm, @entity5 number:  <=3) were consecutively enrolled. In @entity18497 -enhanced MRI, the signal intensity in the @entity5 was corrected to that in the paraspinous muscles, and the relative enhancement was calculated. In diffusion-weighted imaging, we measured the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). We then investigated the correlations between relative enhancement or ADC and histological grade, microvascular invasion and recurrence-free survival. RESULTS: Poorly differentiated @entity5462 showed significantly lower ADC than well-differentiated and moderately differentiated @entity5462 . There was no significant difference in the hepatobiliary phase. Only ADC was an independent predictor of microvascular invasion, and the best cut-off point of its prediction was 1.175*10(-3)mm(2)/s. Additionally, the recurrence-free survival was significantly shorter in low-ADC group than in high-ADC group. CONCLUSION: ADC is useful for predicting poorly differentiated @entity5462 and microvascular invasion, and low ADC is associated with increased recurrence risk for small @entity5462 after hepatectomy.

title: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging predicts malignant potential in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity18497 :: ('MESH:C073590', 'Chemical') :: ['gadoxetic acid']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'small hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['small hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Recent findings identifying the transcription factors involved in the regulation of pluripotency and self-renewal in embryonic stem cells (ESC) may provide keys that enable the derivation of ESC in domestic species. In this study we monitored the expression of pluripotency-related genes in @entity291 inner cell mass (ICM) explants during the critical first steps in establishment of primary cultures. The expression of @entity27189 and @entity18820 transcripts and proteins in intact, in vitro produced (IVP) blastocysts was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR and fluorescent immunocytochemistry. @entity27189 was localized to the nucleoplasm as well as the nucleoli in the ICM, whereas it appeared to be restricted to the nucleoli in trophectoderm cells. @entity18820 was localized in the nuclei of ICM and trophectoderm cells. ICM explants were analyzed by quantitative PCR and semiquantitative RT-PCR. The three major pluripotency-related transcription factors, @entity27189 , @entity18820 , and @entity27190 , were expressed initially in the ICM explants, but were downregulated with subsequent culture. Markers of differentiation ( @entity27191 , HNF4, NCAM, @entity27192 ) and genes involved in @entity27193 , BMP, and WNT signaling pathways were also expressed. ICM explants were cultured in the presence of various concentrations of cytokines belonging to the TGF-beta superfamily. @entity27194 , a cytokine inhibiting the @entity27191 pathway, successfully upregulated the relative expression of @entity27189 mRNA in the ICM explants with respect to controls.

title: Expression of pluripotency-related genes during XXXX inner cell mass explant culture.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2206 ( @entity2207 ) is an important and diffuse perfluorinated alkylated substance, but knowledge of the toxicological effects of this endocrine disrupter in fish is limited. Adult @entity7136 @entity7136 , L. were exposed to 200  ng/l (a concentration reported in impacted aquatic ecosystems) and 2  mg/l @entity2207 solutions in a flow-through system for 56  days to determine tissue accumulation and histological alterations of the primary target organs. @entity2207 was extracted from blood, gill, liver, muscle, kidney, gonad, and brain by an ion-pairing liquid extraction procedure and quantified using high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.4  ng/g wet weight (ww). @entity2207 was not detectable in unexposed fish or in fish exposed to 200  ng/l, but was >LOD in most samples of @entity7136 exposed to 2  mg/l. Mean @entity2207 concentration ranged from 0.5 to 65  ng/g ww, depending on the tissue, with highest levels in the blood and liver. There were no significant differences in condition factor, hepato-somatic index, or gonado-somatic index among the fish of the three groups. Histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical staining was performed on sections of liver and gonad. Occurrence of atretic oocytes and a paucity of spermatozoa were documented in @entity7136 treated with 2  mg/l @entity2207 . Exposed fish did not show gross @entity99 , but there was enhancement of hepatocytes in proliferation (positive to anti-PCNA antibody) compared to controls.

title: XXXX @entity7136 responses to sub-chronic exposure to @entity2206 .

entities_list: @entity2206 :: ('MESH:C023036', 'Chemical') :: ['Perfluorooctanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity7136 :: ('7962', 'Species') :: ['carp', 'common carp', 'Cyprinus carpio']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic anomalies']

answer: @entity7136 :: (7962,Species) :: ['Common carp']


abstract: Targeting of the PI3K (phosphoinositide3-kinase)/ @entity584 / @entity3470 pathway in @entity1 @entity43 cells is a promising novel therapeutic strategy. We investigated the effects of @entity900 and the PI3K inhibitor @entity2306 on invasion, migration and the expression of essential matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in @entity43 cells. SKOV3, @entity1 and @entity1 @entity1 @entity43 cell lines were treated with @entity900 , @entity2306 and a combination of both drugs. Invasion and migration of treated cells was assessed using Matrigel and uncoated PET membrane assays. Expression levels of pro- @entity1476 , @entity1476 , @entity2843 , @entity1552 and @entity1551 were determined using Western Blotting. Gel zymography was used to quantitate the functional levels of active @entity1476 . All three cell lines showed significantly reduced invasion and migration after treatment with @entity900 , @entity2306 , and the combination of both drugs compared to untreated controls. In SKOV3 cells, @entity900 alone and in combination with @entity2306 resulted in a 6.3 and 7.1-fold reduction in the total amount of activated @entity1476 . @entity2843 expression decreased by 5.0, 6.6 and 28.4-fold with @entity900 , @entity2306 and the combination respectively (P < 0.05). In contrast, only @entity900 and the combination of both drugs resulted in a significant, 3.7 and 5.1-fold reduction in the level of @entity1552 . Expression levels of @entity1551 remained unchanged. These observations were corroborated in @entity1 cell lines that showed similar changes of activated @entity1476 and @entity1552 expression, but no significant decrease in @entity2843 levels. Our data suggests that @entity43 cell motility is mediated via down-regulation of activated @entity1476 , @entity2843 and @entity1552 expression under these treatment conditions.

title: @entity900 and PI3kinase inhibition decrease invasion and migration of XXXX @entity43 cells and regulate matrix-metalloproteinase expression.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['inhibition of ovarian cancer', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Drug candidates must be thoroughly investigated for their potential cardiac side effects. During the course of routine toxicological assessment, the compound @entity30208 , a @entity30209 antagonist, was discovered to have the rare liability of inducing @entity1166 (polymorphic @entity943 ) in normal, healthy animals. Studies were conducted to determine the molecular mechanism of this @entity943 . EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Toxicological effects of repeat dosing were assessed in na  ve monkeys. Cardiovascular effects were determined in conscious telemetry-implanted monkeys (repeat dosing) and anaesthetized instrumented @entity235 (single doses). Mechanistic studies were performed in @entity840 isolated hearts and in cells recombinantly expressing @entity1 cardiac channels. KEY RESULTS: In @entity5434 , @entity30208 caused a low incidence of @entity296 and a greater incidence of ECG abnormalities including @entity1162 , QRS complex widening and @entity4710 . In telemetry-implanted monkeys, @entity30208 induced @entity943 , including @entity1166 and in one instance, degeneration to fatal @entity2224 . @entity30208 also depressed both @entity551 (BP), with no histological evidence of @entity296 . In the anaesthetized @entity235 and @entity840 isolated heart studies, @entity30208 induced similar cardiovascular effects. @entity30208 also inhibited Kv11.1 and @entity1372 channel currents. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The molecular mechanism of @entity30208 is hypothesized to be due to inhibition of cardiac @entity1372 and Kv11.1 @entity972 channels. These results indicate that @entity30208 is arrhythymogenic due to decreased haemodynamic function (HR/BP), decreased conduction and inhibition of multiple cardiac channels, which precede and are probably the causative factors in the observed @entity296 .

title: Investigation of mechanism of drug-induced cardiac injury and XXXX in @entity5434 .

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['torsades de pointes']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate (HR) and blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged QT/QTc intervals']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia', 'arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1166 :: (MESH:D016171,Disease) :: ['torsades de pointes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The accuracy of @entity14620 breathing as a sign of @entity1002 and its overall prognostic significance are unknown. METHODS: Between 2001 and 2006, the author examined 386 inpatients at a Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and compared the finding of @entity14620 breathing and its cycle length with the @entity1 ' echocardiographic @entity9568 ( @entity9568 ) and 5-year survival. RESULTS: A total of 45 of 386 @entity1 (11.7%) had @entity14620 breathing. Two variables were independently associated with @entity14620 breathing: reduced @entity9568 (P<.001) and age>80 years (P=.006). The presence of @entity14620 breathing increased the probability of a markedly reduced @entity9568 (ie, @entity9568 <40%; likelihood ratio, 5.3; 95% confidence interval, 3.1-9), especially in @entity1 aged <=80 years (likelihood ratio, 7.8; 95% confidence interval, 3.9-15.5). The finding was present in 1 of 3 affected @entity1 (sensitivity=34%). The correlation between cycle length and @entity9568 was poor (r=0.23, P=.14). The 5-year survival of @entity1 with @entity14620 breathing (37.2%) was similar to that of @entity1 without the finding (42.9%, P=.18, log-rank test). CONCLUSIONS: In hospitalized @entity1 , @entity14620 breathing increases the probability of @entity1002 . It is present in 1 of 3 @entity1 with markedly reduced @entity9568 . When detected during physical examination, @entity14620 breathing does not indicate worse prognosis.

title: @entity14620 breathing and reduced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9568 :: ('MESH:D054160', 'Disease') :: ['ejection fraction', 'EF']

entities_list: @entity14620 :: ('MESH:D002639', 'Disease') :: ['Cheyne-Stokes']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity9568 :: (MESH:D054160,Disease) :: ['ejection fraction']


abstract: The characteristics of @entity855 -driven proton and osmotic water transport were studied in endocytic vesicles isolated from @entity35 kidney proximal tubule labelled in vivo with @entity2822 -dextran ( @entity2823 -dextran). @entity855 -driven proton transport was measured from the time course of endosome pH following addition of external @entity855 . The rate of endosome acidification and the minimum pH were dependent on the @entity855 concentration. At an initial endosome pH of 7.4, the final pH values were 7.30, 6.99, 6.68, 6.38 and 6.39 at [ @entity855 ] = 0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 5 and 10 mmol/L, respectively. The acidification was inhibited by 97% at 0.5 mmol/L @entity8816 but was not affected by @entity8870 and @entity4626 . Osmotic water permeability was determined in the same endosomes from the rapid kinetics of @entity2823 -dextran fluorescence following an inward @entity969 gradient. The osmotic water permeability coefficient was 0.03 cm/s at 23 degrees C. Water permeability was inhibited by 70% with addition of 0.5 mmol/L @entity3143 . The inhibition was reversed completely by adding 5 mmol/L @entity6514 . These data demonstrate that proximal tubule endosomes contain a proton ATPase and water channel. The endocytic process may be important for regulation of acidification and fluid resorption in the proximal tubule.

title: [Characterization of proton pump and osmotic water transport in endocytic vesicles from XXXX kidney proximal tubule].

entities_list: @entity8870 :: ('MESH:D014638', 'Chemical') :: ['vanadate']

entities_list: @entity3143 :: ('MESH:D008627', 'Chemical') :: ['mercuric chloride']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity8816 :: ('MESH:D005033', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethylmaleimide']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity6514 :: ('MESH:D008623', 'Chemical') :: ['mercaptoethanol']

entities_list: @entity4626 :: ('MESH:D009840', 'Chemical') :: ['oligomycin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1241 is a symptom reported by @entity5 survivors after pelvic radiotherapy and is recognized to be one of the most troubling symptom-induced sources of distress to @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate how @entity1241 , @entity1 -reported as emptying of all stools into clothing without forewarning, impact self-assessed quality of life from a social, psychological, sexual, and functional aspect among gynecological @entity5 survivors treated with pelvic radiotherapy. METHODS: We identified a cohort of 789 eligible @entity1 in the Stockholm and Gothenburg areas treated with pelvic radiotherapy alone or as combined treatment of gynecological @entity5 . From the Swedish Population Registry, we identified 478 control @entity1 . Data were collected using a study-specific, validated, postal questionnaire including questions covering symptoms from the pelvic region, demographics, social functioning, psychological, and quality-of-life issues. RESULTS: Participation was 78% for @entity5 survivors and 72% for control @entity1 . The @entity1241 symptom emptying of all stools into clothing without forewarning was reported by 70 @entity5 survivors (12%), with lowered quality of life in 74% of the 70 @entity5 survivors. This symptom kept the survivors from going to parties (relative risk [RR], 11.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.6-21.1), kept the survivors from traveling (RR, 9.3; 95% CI, 5.3-16.5), affected their work ability (RR, 7.9; 95% CI, 3.8-16.4), hindered their sexual life (RR, 9.2; 95% CI, 4.8-17.6), and changed them as @entity1 (RR, 4.9; 95% CI, 2.9-8.1). The prevalence of the symptom emptying of all stools into clothing without forewarning among control @entity1 was 3 (1%) of 344. CONCLUSIONS: Among gynecological @entity5 survivors having undergone pelvic radiotherapy alone or as part of a combined treatment, @entity1241 is associated with social, @entity458 .

title: @entity1241 affecting quality of life and social functioning among long-term gynecological XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['Fecal incontinence', 'fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological, sexual, and functional consequences']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objectives of this study were to characterize the phenotype and genotype of 36 non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 (STEC) strains isolated from @entity1 , ovines, or @entity291 , including the top 6 (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145) and three other serogroups implicated in serious illness (O91, O113, and O128). Biofilms were formed by all strains with intermediate to strong biofilm producers (n   =   24) more common at 22  C than at 37  C (p   <   0.001) and 48 and 72   h (p   <   0.001) than 24   h of incubation time. Biofilm-forming potential differed by serogroup and origin with O113 and @entity1 strains exhibiting the highest potential (p   <   0.001). Biofilm-associated genes, csgA/csgD/crl/fimH (100%), flu (94%), rpoS (92%), ehaA(a) (89%), and cah (72%), were most prevalent, while mlrA (22%) and ehaA(b) (14%) were least prevalent, although there was no clear compliment of genes associated with strains exhibiting the greatest biofilm-forming capacity. Among 12 virulence genes screened, iha and ehxA were present in 92% of the strains. The occurrence of @entity10952 in the top 6 serogroups (8/12, 67%) did not differ (p   =   0.8) from other serogroups (17/24, 71%), but @entity23345 was less likely (confidence interval [CI]   =   0.14-1.12; p   =   0.04) to be in the former (9/24, 38%) than the latter (9/12, 75%). Excluding serogroups, O91 and O121, at least one strain per serogroup was resistant to between three and six antimicrobials. @entity3639 (31%), @entity23174 (31%), and @entity803 (25%) resistance was most common and was 35-50% less likely (p   <   0.05) in @entity1 than animal strains. All non-O157 STEC strains were able to form biofilms on an abiotic surface, with some exhibiting resistance to multiple antimicrobials. Potential as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes may be another hazard of biofilms in food-processing plants. As a result, future strategies to control these pathogens may include measures to prevent biofilms.

title: Biofilm Formation, Virulence Gene Profiles, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Nine Serogroups of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity23174 :: ('MESH:D013444', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfisoxazole']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['Streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: PURPOSE: Cystic partially differentiated @entity3969 is a rare variant of @entity3969 , and might be confused with @entity12878 . Definitive diagnosis can only be made by histological examination. Therefore, initiation of therapy, either primary nephrectomy or preoperative chemotherapy, might create a dilemma when radiological diagnosis is doubtful. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To define treatment strategies for these entities, we reviewed the records of 1,245 @entity1 enrolled in SIOP (International Society of Pediatric Oncology) trials 93-01 and 2001 GPOH (German Society of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology) between July 1993 and August 2004. Data were collected retrospectively. Therapy, outcome and preoperative management were evaluated. To confirm diagnosis of @entity12878 /partially differentiated @entity3969 , all @entity1 underwent review by the Reference Pathology Center of SIOP/GPOH. RESULTS: A total of 14 @entity1 with diagnoses of @entity12878 (7) and cystic partially differentiated @entity3969 (7) were identified. Median @entity1 age at diagnosis was 1 year (0.46 to 3). Two @entity1 received preoperative chemotherapy. Primary nephrectomy was performed in 12 @entity1 . Two @entity1 underwent partial nephrectomy. In 1 @entity1 postoperative chemotherapy was administered. None of the @entity1 had progression of disease or recurrence. Overall survival was 100%. Median followup was 2.41 years (0.3 to 9). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity703 radiological findings should always be reviewed by the reference radiologist of the treatment protocol study group. Irrespective of the chosen therapy, outcome of @entity12878 and cystic partially differentiated @entity3969 is favorable. Even in large international trials the number of @entity1 with @entity12878 or cystic partially differentiated @entity3969 is too small for statistical analysis.

title: Treatment of @entity12878 and cystic partially differentiated XXXX --a report from the SIOP/GPOH study group.

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['Wilms tumor', 'nephroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity12878 :: ('MESH:D018201', 'Disease') :: ['cystic nephroma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['cystic renal tumors']

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['nephroblastoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the results of secondary posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) implantation in pediatric @entity231 eyes with @entity4354 and/or microphthalmos. METHODS: Retrospective studies were conducted by reviewing the charts of 26 eyes of 15 @entity1 with secondary PC-IOL implantations for @entity4354 and/or microphthalmos associated with @entity231 in @entity1 between 1999 and 2002. The corneal diameter was 9.5 mm or less at the time of secondary PC-IOL implantation. Preoperative examinations were conducted for bilaterality, @entity735 and @entity3002 . Postoperative results were evaluated in terms of visual developments, refractive changes, axial length measurements and the occurrence of complications. The follow-up period was at least one year after secondary PC-IOL implantation. RESULTS: Age at the first diagnosis for @entity231 with @entity4354 and/or microphthalmos was 2.7 months on average. Among 15 @entity1 , 8 (53.3%) had a family history. All @entity1 received an initial irrigation and aspiration, posterior capsulectomy, and anterior vitrectomy at 0.8 years (0.1-3.3 years) of age and a secondary PC-IOL implantation surgery at 6.7 years (1.6-17.2 years) of age on average. The postoperative follow-up period was 2.1 years (1.1-4.3 years) on average. The average power of the implanted PC-IOL was +21.2D. @entity260 were @entity726 in two eyes, secondary pupillary membrane formation in two eyes. Best corrected visual acuities in 20 eyes in @entity1 capable of the vision test at the last follow-up were 20/60 or better in 11 eyes, 20/80 to 20/150 in eight eyes, and 20/200 or worse in one eye. CONCLUSIONS: The secondary PC-IOL implantation in pediatric @entity231 with @entity4354 and/or microphthalmos is recommended as a means of improving vision, but must be conducted carefully to avoid possible complications.

title: Posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in pediatric XXXX with @entity4354 and/or microphthalmos.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['systemic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['secondary glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['corneal diameter, eye abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4354 :: ('MESH:C538287', 'Disease') :: ['microcornea']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5815 ( @entity5815 ) and @entity239 ( @entity239 ) are both highly prevalent conditions associated with extreme disability and with the development of co-morbid @entity146 , such as @entity308 and @entity148 . Childhood stressors have been shown to induce persistent changes in the function of biological systems potentially relevant to the pathogenesis of both @entity5815 and @entity239 , such as the inflammatory system and the @entity2339 . In this review, we examined whether multiple forms of childhood stressors are contributing factors to the development of these disorders, and of the associated @entity146 symptoms. METHOD: Using PubMed, we identified 31 papers relevant to this narrative review. We included cohort studies and case-control studies, without any exclusion in terms of age and gender. No study characteristics or publication date restrictions were imposed. RESULTS: Most studies across the literature consistently show that there is a strong association between experiences of childhood stressors and the presence of @entity5815 and @entity239 , with rates of @entity5815 / @entity239 being two- to three-fold higher in exposed than in unexposed subjects. We also found evidence for an increased risk for the development of additional symptoms, such as @entity308 , @entity148 and @entity158 , in individuals with @entity5815 and @entity239 with a previous history of childhood stressors, compared with individuals with @entity5815 / @entity239 and no such history. CONCLUSIONS: Our review confirms that exposure to childhood stressors is associated with the subsequent development of @entity1295 such as @entity5815 and @entity239 , and related symptoms. Further studies are needed to identify the mechanisms underlying these associations.

title: Childhood stressors in the development of XXXX : a review of the past 20 years of research.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia', 'FM']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue syndromes']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic fatigue syndrome', 'CFS']

answer: @entity1295 :: (MESH:D005221,Disease) :: ['fatigue syndromes']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The indigenous populations of the Arctic are prone to @entity2172 starting with an early age first episode, followed by frequent episodes of @entity697 ( @entity697 ) during childhood. A high proportion develop @entity102 media. @entity697 is a serious complication of @entity697 in childhood with @entity4 , erythema, and @entity925 , protrusion of the auricle, high @entity221 . The disease may protrude intracranially. The incidence rates for @entity697 in the Western world range from 1.2 to 4.2 cases/100 000 per year. There exists no epidemiological data on @entity697 in the Arctic region. METHODS: A retrospective search was made for the WHO ICD-10 code DH70.0 (denoting @entity697 ) using the National Greenland Inpatient Register for the period 1994-2007, inclusive. Fifteen @entity1 were registered and their medical records were retrieved. Four @entity1 were obviously misclassified, leaving 11 @entity1 for evaluation. The medical records were available for 10 @entity1 . The diagnostic inclusion criterion was written clinical signs of @entity697 . RESULTS: Based on the case series the incidence rate was calculated to be 1.4 for the total Greenlandic population and 7.4 for @entity1 0 and 10 years of age. Median age was 14 months (5-105 months) and eight were female (72%). Seven of the 10 were exclusively treated with antibiotics and three underwent additional ear surgery. Bacteriological examination was performed in five of 10. One 8 month-old @entity1 presented with a contemporary @entity3541 and was treated with intravenous antibiotics; one 8 year-old @entity1 was evacuated to Copenhagen for urgent surgery due to signs of @entity693 . Acute CT scan showed a @entity76 and a @entity715 in the lateral sigmoid sinus vein. An extensive @entity3540 was found and eradicated during surgery. Six weeks later the @entity1 returned home with a maximal conductive @entity393 as the only complication. All @entity1 recovered from the disease. CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity697 in Greenland is comparable to the incidence elsewhere, although @entity697 occurs more frequently among small @entity1 in the Greenlandic population. The disease is serious and must be treated immediately with intravenous antibiotics, followed by urgent surgery if there is no improvement.

title: XXXX in Greenland between 1994-2007.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear infections']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media', 'AOM', 'Acute mastoiditis', 'acute mastoiditis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['postauricular swelling']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic otitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar abscess']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve paralysis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fever and general malaise']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['Acute mastoiditis']


abstract: The high prevalence of @entity164 2 @entity6 and its uneven distribution among @entity1 populations is both a major public health concern and a puzzle in evolutionary biology. Why is this deleterious disease so common, while the associated genetic variants should be removed by natural selection? The 'thrifty genotype' hypothesis proposed that the causal genetic variants were advantageous and selected for during the majority of @entity1 evolution. It remains, however, unclear whether genetic data support this scenario. In this study, we characterized patterns of selection at 10 variants associated with @entity164 2 @entity6 , contrasting one herder and one farmer population from Central Asia. We aimed at identifying which alleles (risk or protective) are under selection, dating the timing of selective events, and investigating the effect of lifestyle on selective patterns. We did not find any evidence of selection on risk variants, as predicted by the thrifty genotype hypothesis. Instead, we identified clear signatures of selection on protective variants, in both populations, dating from the beginning of the Neolithic, which suggests that this major transition was accompanied by a selective advantage for non-thrifty variants. Combining our results with worldwide data further suggests that East Asia was particularly prone to such recent selection of protective haplotypes. As much effort has been devoted so far to searching for thrifty variants, we argue that more attention should be paid to the evolution of non-thrifty variants.

title: Positive selection of protective variants for @entity164 2 XXXX from the Neolithic onward: a case study in Central Asia.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac surgery-associated @entity810 (CSA-AKI) is a major @entity260 . Although some early recovery is common, its effect on long-term outcomes is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that early renal recovery after CSA-AKI is independently associated with improved long-term survival. METHODS: Data were examined for 10,275 consecutive @entity1 undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting from 1996 to 2005. @entity1 with CSA-AKI were identified, defined as a peak postoperative @entity1011 level exceeding 50% above baseline. Renal recovery was characterized using postoperative @entity1011 values. The recovery variable with the strongest association with 1-year survival was selected and validated internally. The independent association of early renal recovery with long-term survival during a 10-year follow-up was assessed with Cox proportional hazards modeling. RESULTS: CSA-AKI occurred in 1113 @entity1 (10.8%). The renal recovery variable with the strongest association with 1-year survival was the percentage decrease in @entity1011 24 hours after its peak value (PD24; C index, 0.72; p=0.002). Cox proportional hazards analysis showed a significant negative association between PD24 and long-term mortality (0.82 hazard ratio for each 10% change). CONCLUSIONS: Early recovery of renal function is associated with improved long-term survival after CSA-AKI. This variable is clinically useful because it occurs immediately after the peak @entity1011 level and simultaneously helps define the severity of AKI and the magnitude of recovery. Given the high risk of @entity204 associated with postoperative AKI, early renal recovery seems to offer a distinct survival benefit and may represent an important therapeutic focus.

title: Impact of early renal recovery on survival after cardiac surgery-associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute kidney injury']


abstract: The @entity375 GAL/MEL regulon genes are normally induced within minutes of @entity3649 addition, but @entity30290 mutants exhibit a 3-5-day induction lag. We have discovered that this long-term adaptation (LTA) phenotype conferred by @entity30290 is complemented by multiple copies of the @entity11870 gene. Based on this result and the striking similarity between the @entity30290 and @entity11870 protein sequences we attempted to detect @entity11870 activity that might be associated with the @entity30290 protein. By both in vivo and in vitro tests the @entity30290 gene product does not appear to catalyze a @entity11870 -like reaction. In complementary experiments, @entity526 @entity11870 expressed in @entity375 was shown to complement the @entity11870 but not the @entity30290 mutation. Thus, the complementation activity provided by @entity11870 is not likely due to @entity11870 activity, but rather due to a distinct @entity30290 -like activity. Overall, the results indicate that @entity11870 encodes a bifunctional protein. In related experiments we tested for function of the LTA induction pathway in @entity30290 cells deficient for other gene functions. It has been known for some time that gal3gal1, gal3gal7, gal3gal10, and @entity30290 rho- are incapable of induction. We constructed isogenic haploid strains bearing the @entity30290 mutation in combination with either gal15 or @entity33550 mutations: the gal15 and @entity33550 blocks are not specific for the galactose pathway in contrast to the @entity11870 , @entity33551 and @entity27871 blocks. The gal3gal5 and gal3pgi1 double mutants were not inducible, whereas both the @entity33552 and @entity33550 single mutants were inducible. We conclude that, in addition to the @entity30290 -like activity of @entity11870 , functions beyond the galactose-specific @entity11870 , @entity33551 and @entity27871 enzymes are required for the LTA induction pathway.

title: Analysis of the @entity30290 signal transduction pathway activating GAL4 protein-dependent transcription in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity253 are a serious complication after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and are difficult to cure. We examined the role of endogenous @entity6741 @entity137 in the pathogenesis of @entity1157 after OLT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 90 @entity35 were divided into three groups: Sham-operated group (Sham, n=30), OLT group with 1 hr donor liver preservation (OLT-1h, n=30), and OLT group with 12 hr donor liver preservation (OLT-12h, n=30). Bile was collected and analyzed biochemically. The histopathologic study was performed to determine the intrahepatic bile duct morphologic changes. Hepatic expressions of bile transporters @entity24076 , @entity30167 , @entity32224 , and Oatps were detected. RESULTS: During the first 2 weeks after transplantation, @entity6741 secretion was not parallel with phospholipid secretion, resulting in high biliary @entity6741 -to-phospholipid (BS:PL) ratio. The expression of bile transporters was consistent with the change of bile composition. @entity1157 correlated significantly with @entity6741 secretion and BS:PL ratio. Moreover, OLT group with longer donor liver preservation time (OLT-12h) had significantly lower @entity32224 messenger RNA/protein level, higher BS:PL ratio, and better correlation between BS:PL ratio and @entity1157 compared with those of OLT-1h. CONCLUSIONS: The unparallel secretion of @entity3645 and phospholipids results in cytotoxic bile formation with high BS:PL ratio after liver transplantation. Longer donor liver preservation time will increase graft bile @entity137 . The results of this study suggest that endogenous @entity3645 play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity1157 after OLT.

title: Endogenous @entity3645 are associated with @entity1157 in the XXXX liver transplantation model.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct injury', 'Bile duct injury']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salt']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['Nonanastomotic biliary strictures']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salts']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although several reports have been published regarding the coexistence of @entity2742 and @entity3557 , concurrence of @entity3243 and @entity3557 is extremely rare. The aim of this study was to describe experiences with concurrent @entity3243 and @entity3557 . METHODS: Seven @entity1 with concurrent @entity3243 and @entity3557 were identified between January 2006 and December 2007, and their medical records were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of the seven @entity1 identified, three were male and four were female; their mean age was 53.6 years. None of the @entity1 presented with symptomatic @entity2742 preoperatively. On laboratory findings, four @entity1 had mild to moderate @entity2741 , but serum @entity461 concentrations were high in all @entity1 . Preoperative imaging showed suspicious features of diseased parathyroid glands in four @entity1 ; two upon ultrasonography and computed tomography together and two upon ultrasonography only. The coexistence of @entity3243 did not affect the extent of thyroid surgery. Laboratory values after surgery returned to within normal ranges in all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: It is important not only to analyze serum @entity460 levels but also to carefully interpret imaging studies in order to identify @entity2742 when performing @entity259 surgery.

title: Coexistence of XXXX and @entity3557 .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinomas', 'papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenoma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism', 'asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity3243 :: (MESH:D010282,Disease) :: ['parathyroid adenoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Massive @entity353 @entity1 frequently have recalcitrant @entity1910 in the abdominal region and interference with activities of daily living (ADL) due to the redundant abdominal tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A classification of these functional problems is described on the basis of the authors' experience with 75 consecutive massive @entity353 @entity1 undergoing surgery between March 2006 and August 2010. @entity1 are classified in 3 types. Type I: Chronic skin problems confined to the lower abdomen under the @entity2070 and/or the skin folds of redundant @entity2070 (   posterior lower torso). Type II: Chronic skin problems around the navel and/or under a secondary @entity2070 in the mid/upper abdomen in addition to those observed in type I. Type III: Abdominal @entity2070 and/or secondary roll in the abdomen with no chronic skin problems. These 3 types are further categorized on the basis of the abdominal @entity2070 size and associated ADL interference by the subtypes: (A) those with a small @entity2070 and no ADL interference (B) for the large excessive @entity2070 and ADL interference. RESULTS: Fifty-two @entity1 (70%) were classified as type I. Fifteen @entity1 (20%) were type II. Only 8 @entity1 (10%) had no skin problems. Overall complication rate was 21%. Mean follow-up was 13.3 months postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: The classification system is proposed to provide a practical method by which to categorize massive @entity353 @entity1 based upon the presence and location of skin problems and ADL interference. Surgical guidelines to address these functional requirements are presented on the basis of the classification system.

title: A classification system in the massive XXXX @entity1 based on skin lesions and activity of daily living.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['skin rashes and/or infections']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: We studied @entity340 (pulmonary, aortic, tricuspid and @entity339 ) in 30 @entity1 with complete @entity616 by color Doppler echocardiography, pulse Doppler and continuous wave Doppler echocardiography. The prevalence rate of multivalvular regurgitation of these subjects was 83.3%. Regurgitation involving all four valves appeared in 30.0% of these @entity1 . The prevalence rate of pulmonary, aortic, tricuspid and @entity339 was 56.7%, 33.3%, 100%, and 76.7% respectively. @entity338 ( @entity338 ) was observed in @entity1 with complete @entity616 without @entity120 . @entity338 velocity was slow and interrupted by @entity11706 . It might be possible to evaluate atrial pressure from the interruption of @entity338 . @entity997 ( @entity997 ) during systole was often present in @entity1 with right ventricular endocardial pacing. Systolic @entity997 was influenced by @entity11706 . When @entity11706 occurred during systole, @entity997 was interrupted, or shortened. Diastolic @entity997 and MR were easily detected by M mode color Doppler echocardiography. The diastolic @entity997 and MR were of slow velocity and appeared 240-290 msec after P wave. These atypical @entity340 in @entity1 with complete @entity616 reflect of the inverse atrial-ventricular pressure gradient across the atrio-ventricular valve.

title: [ @entity340 in XXXX with complete @entity616 by color Doppler echocardiography].

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity11706 :: ('MESH:D018880', 'Disease') :: ['atrial contraction']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary regurgitation', 'PR']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['TR', 'Tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate pulmonary function tests at a minimum 2-year follow-up in @entity1 with @entity1615 ( @entity1615 ) undergoing either an endoscopic versus open anterior fusion along with @entity1347 . METHODS: A total of 21 @entity1 with @entity1615 underwent a video-assisted thoracoscopic (VAT group) release/fusion followed by a posterior spinal fusion (PSF) and segmental spinal fixation were compared to 16 @entity1 who underwent an open thoracotomy (Open group) followed by a PSF. The mean preoperative thoracic Cobb was 70 degrees in the VAT group versus 75 degrees in the Open group. All @entity1 had preoperative and a minimum 2-year postoperative pulmonary function tests consisting of forced vital capacity (FVC) forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV-1). RESULTS: The average thoracic Cobb correction was to 27 degrees (61%) in the VAT group versus 36 degrees (52%) in the Open group. Preoperative and 2-year postoperative FVC in the VAT group averaged 2.48 L and 2.85 L, respectively (P = 0.006). The Open group corresponding results were 1.97 L and 2.43 L, respectively (P = 0.001). Preoperative and minimum 2-year postoperative FEV-1 in the VAT group averaged 2.06 L and 2.37 L, respectively (P = 0.005). Values for the Open group were 1.65 L and 2.08 L, respectively (P = 0.001). Although both groups had pulmonary function test parameters that were statistically improved postoperative versus preoperative, there were no significant differences comparing the VAT group to the Open group (P > 0.05) CONCLUSIONS: VAT versus Open release/anterior fusion in association with a PSF for select @entity1615 curves requiring circumferential treatment both demonstrated similar radiographic and pulmonary function test improvement at 2 years postoperative, with no significant differences seen between the groups.

title: Prospective pulmonary function comparison of open versus endoscopic anterior fusion combined with posterior fusion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['posterior segmental fixation and fusion']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

answer: @entity1615 :: (OMIM:181800,Disease) :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity26223 , a selective inhibitor of @entity7821 , has clinically significant activity in @entity4018 . METHODS: In this double-blind trial, we randomly assigned @entity1 with intermediate-2 or high-risk @entity4018 to twice-daily oral @entity26223 (155 @entity1 ) or placebo (154 @entity1 ). The primary end point was the proportion of @entity1 with a reduction in spleen volume of 35% or more at 24 weeks, assessed by means of magnetic resonance imaging. Secondary end points included the durability of response, changes in symptom burden (assessed by the total symptom score), and overall survival. RESULTS: The primary end point was reached in 41.9% of @entity1 in the @entity26223 group as compared with 0.7% in the placebo group (P<0.001). A reduction in spleen volume was maintained in @entity1 who received @entity26223 ; 67.0% of the @entity1 with a response had the response for 48 weeks or more. There was an improvement of 50% or more in the total symptom score at 24 weeks in 45.9% of @entity1 who received @entity26223 as compared with 5.3% of @entity1 who received placebo (P<0.001). Thirteen @entity204 occurred in the @entity26223 group as compared with 24 @entity204 in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.25 to 0.98; P=0.04). The rate of discontinuation of the study drug because of adverse events was 11.0% in the @entity26223 group and 10.6% in the placebo group. Among @entity1 who received @entity26223 , @entity417 and @entity882 were the most common adverse events, but they rarely led to discontinuation of the drug (in one @entity1 for each event). Two @entity1 had transformation to @entity3052 ; both were in the @entity26223 group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity26223 , as compared with placebo, provided significant clinical benefits in @entity1 with @entity4018 by reducing spleen size, ameliorating debilitating @entity4018 -related symptoms, and improving overall survival. These benefits came at the cost of more frequent @entity417 and @entity882 in the early part of the treatment period. (Funded by Incyte; COMFORT-I ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00952289.).

title: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of @entity26223 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity26223 :: ('MESH:C540383', 'Chemical') :: ['ruxolitinib', 'Ruxolitinib']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['myelofibrosis']

answer: @entity4018 :: (MESH:D055728,Disease) :: ['myelofibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To analyze existing evidence regarding utility of laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) for prognosis in cases of @entity3746 ( @entity3746 ). STUDY DESIGN: Meta-analysis of studies reporting LEMG results and clinical outcomes in 503 @entity1 with of @entity3746 identified by literature search. METHODS: Studies were identified by literature search. Method of diagnosis, interval to LEMG, criteria for prognostication, and outcome were assessed. Criteria for prognosis were standardized to the extent possible across all studies, and studies were checked for consistency in outcome measures and assessments. Pooled data were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 296/503 @entity1 (58.8%) had findings predictive with poor prognosis, whereas 207/503 (41.2%) had findings of recovery. According to laryngoscopic examination, 269/296 @entity1 with predicted poor recovery had poor recovery (positive predictive value=90.9%), whereas 27/296 (9.1%) had good recovery. In @entity1 with findings consistent with recovery, 115/207 (negative predictive value=55.6%) noted return of motion, whereas 88/207 (44.4%) did not. The odds ratio was 11.56 with 95% confidence interval of 7.10-18.81. CONCLUSIONS: LEMG is a good predictor of poor recovery in @entity1 with @entity3746 and is clinically useful in identifying candidates for early definitive intervention.

title: Laryngeal electromyography for prognosis of XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['vocal fold palsy', 'VFP']

answer: @entity3746 :: (MESH:D014826,Disease) :: ['vocal fold palsy']


abstract: This study aimed at investigating the survival rate and prognostic factors of @entity189 @entity1 in the absence of the use of laryngectomy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. A total of 167 cases of @entity189 without the use of laryngectomy, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy were analyzed retrospectively. Surveyed items included age, smoking history, @entity5 family history, @entity378 history, primary site, pathological grade, @entity5 , N-stage, clinical stage, and whether tracheotomy had been performed. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. For univariate analysis, comparison among/between groups was performed using the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was carried out using the Cox proportional hazard model. Overall median survival time was 16    1.44 months, and overall 1- and 2-year survival rates were 56.4 and 26.5%, respectively. No @entity1 survived over 5 years in cases diagnosed for more than 5 years (except for cases that were lost). The median survival time of clinical stage 0/I/II was 28    3.81 months, and 1- and 2-year survival rates were 79.3 and 59.3%, respectively; the median survival time of III/IV clinical stages was 11    1.32 months, and 1- and 2-year survival rates were 45.5 and 10.6%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that primary site, pathological grade, @entity5 , N-stage, and clinical stage were significant prognostic factors for the survival of the @entity1 (P < 0.05). Whether tracheotomy had been performed was not significant for affecting survival rates. Multivariate analysis showed survival rates were statistically correlated with @entity5 and N-stage (P < 0.05). The development of @entity189 course was faster, without treatment to the @entity5 itself, even if palliative surgery such as tracheostomy would not improve the survival rate. In @entity189 @entity1 with no surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy, the factors affecting the survival rates include primary site, pathological grade, @entity5 , N-stage, and clinical stage, and of them, @entity5 and N-stage are the independent prognostic factors.

title: Survival analysis of XXXX without laryngectomy, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'T-stage']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']


abstract: AIM: Endorectal advancement flaps are an established treatment for high transsphincteric and suprasphincteric fistulae. The outcome of a repeat procedure in the case of flap breakdown and @entity292 recurrence remains unclear. The aim of the study was to analyse the outcome of repeat endorectal advancement flaps. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed @entity1 with a repeat @entity1442 procedure after flap breakdown and recurrence of @entity292 of cryptoglandular origin who had been treated in our unit between 1994 and 2010. RESULTS: In all, 97 @entity1 underwent an @entity1442 procedure for @entity292 and, of these, nine @entity1 (five @entity1 , four @entity1 , 9.3%) subsequently underwent a repeat procedure due to flap breakdown. Median age was 40 years (range 25-60). Median follow-up time was 85 months (range 26-136). Seven full-thickness and two mucosal flap repeat procedures were performed because of eight transsphincteric and one suprasphincteric fistulae. The repeat procedure was successful in seven (78%) @entity1 . In one of the two @entity1 with repeat flap failure, a third flap procedure failed again. @entity86 were observed in five (55%) @entity1 . Overall, the median postoperative Vaizey @entity322 score was 1 (range 0-4). CONCLUSION: Repeat @entity1442 procedures are feasible and associated with a low recurrence rate and mild postoperative @entity322 . Therefore, a repeat procedure is a viable option in the case of a flap breakdown and @entity292 recurrence.

title: Repeat XXXX after flap breakdown and recurrence of @entity292 --is it an option?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['faecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['endorectal advancement flap']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistula-in-ano']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Disturbances of postoperative faecal incontinence']

answer: @entity1442 :: (MESH:D020178,Disease) :: ['endorectal advancement flap']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3702 ( @entity3702 ) is a form of abuse in which an @entity1 , typically 6 months or less, is held and submitted to repeated acceleration-deceleration forces. One of the indicators of abuse is bilateral @entity5861 . A computational model of an @entity1 eye, using the finite element method, is built in order to assess forces at the posterior retina for a shaking and an impact motions. METHOD: The eye model is based on histological studies, diagrams, and materials from previous literature. Motions are applied to the model to simulate a four-cycle shaking motion in 1 second with maximum extension/flexion of the neck. The retinal forces of the shaking motion, at the posterior eye, are compared to an impact pulse (60G) simulating a fall for a total duration of 100 ms. RESULTS: The shaking motion, for the first cycle, shows retinal force means at the posterior eye to be around 0.08 N sustained from the time range of 50 to 200 ms, into the shake, with a peak in excess of 0.2 N. The impulse, area under the curve, is 15 N-ms for 250 msec for the first cycle. The impact simulation reveals a mean retinal force around 0.025 N for a time range of 0 to 26 ms, with a peak force around 0.11 N. Moreover, the impulse for the impact simulation is 13 times lower than the shaking motion. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that shaking alone may be enough to cause @entity5861 , as there are more sustained and higher forces in the posterior retina, compared to an impact due to a fall. This is in part due to the optic nerve causing more localized stresses in a shaking motion than an impact.

title: A finite element @entity1 eye model to investigate retinal forces in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3702 :: ('MESH:D038642', 'Disease') :: ['SBS', 'Shaken baby syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5861 :: ('MESH:D012166', 'Disease') :: ['retinal hemorrhaging']

answer: @entity3702 :: (MESH:D038642,Disease) :: ['shaken baby syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The discovery of clinical markers for @entity10870 ( @entity10870 ) in @entity1 can assist in the accurate identification of @entity1 with this disorder, and in a description of the disorder's phenotype for genetic study. One challenge to this type of research is the fact that languages vary in the most salient symptoms of @entity10870 . This study focuses on Italian. AIMS: To determine whether three measures--the use of third- @entity1 plural inflections, the use of direct-object clitics and @entity5545 --are successful in distinguishing Italian-speaking @entity1 with @entity10870 from their typically developing peers. METHODS _ PROCEDURES: Eleven preschool-aged @entity1 with @entity10870 , 11 same-age typically developing peers and 11 younger typically developing @entity1 participated in the study. The third- @entity1 plural inflection and direct-object clitic tasks required the @entity1 to describe drawings in response to prompts provided by the examiner. In the @entity5545 task, the @entity1 repeated non-words ranging from one to four syllables in length. OUTCOMES _ RESULTS: All three measures proved successful either singly or in combination, with direct-object clitics and @entity5545 showing the highest sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Additional research should be pursued to replicate and extend these findings. Along with the potential clinical value of the findings, the results suggest that difficulties with non-final weak syllables--a problem that would adversely affect all three measures--may be an important part of the @entity10870 profile in Italian.

title: Clinical markers for @entity10870 in Italian: The contribution of clitics and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'person']

entities_list: @entity10870 :: ('OMIM:606712', 'Disease') :: ['specific language impairment', 'SLI']

entities_list: @entity5545 :: ('MESH:D004410', 'Disease') :: ['non-word repetition']

answer: @entity5545 :: (MESH:D004410,Disease) :: ['non-word repetition']


abstract: In this observational study of @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ) admitted to a regional neurology centre we assessed the frequency of @entity1282 (objectively defined), @entity1282 related symptoms, bulbar signs and nutritional status. We studied 79 consecutive admissions with @entity15 (24 at diagnostic admission and 55 more advanced cases admitted for treatment and/or rehabilitation): normative swallowing data were from 181 healthy controls. Swallowing symptoms and signs were semi-quantitatively measured and compared to healthy controls. @entity1282 was defined by a quantitative water test. Disability was determined by Kurtzke's Expanded Disability Status Scale and Barthel's index. Nutritional status was assessed by body mass index, estimated percentage body fat from skin fold thickness measurements at four sites, a global evaluation of nutrition, the presence of pressure sores and the pressure sore risk using the Waterlow score. @entity1 with @entity15 were more likely to complain of @entity4939 , of coughing when eating, and of food 'going down the wrong way' than healthy controls (P < 0.005). These significantly associated symptoms had high specificity but relatively low sensitivity. 43% of @entity1 had @entity4939 , almost half of whom did not complain of it: @entity4939 was associated with several factors including abnormal @entity76 , disability, vital capacity, and @entity308 score. Those with @entity4939 had higher Waterlow scores (P < 0.001), but, overall, @entity4939 was not associated with a difference in nutritional indices or incidence of pressure sores. In summary, @entity4939 is common in @entity15 although often not complained of. It is associated with disordered @entity76 , overall disability, depressed mood and low vital capacity. It was not associated with major nutritional failure or pressure sores in this study.

title: @entity1282 and nutritional status in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity4939 :: ('MESH:D020447', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal swallowing']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem/cerebellar function']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia', 'dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: We reported a case of @entity362 in an 8 month-old @entity1 . He was born in @entity1763 . Six months after birth, @entity3500 developed gradually at both lower extremities and secondary funnel chest due to @entity717 and @entity1635 in the thoracic region was observed. MRI was then performed where @entity5 mass demonstrated by the high signals in both T1 and T2 in ages was confirmed in the thoracic and lumbo-sacral regions. Surgery was performed only for the @entity1514 which was considered primary. The @entity5 in the Th3-4 level had developed subdurally, while the @entity5 in the Th5-10 extradurally. Only partial removal could be done for the @entity5 because its boundary with the spinal cord was not clearly identified. Postoperative histological study revealed it as @entity362 . During the following 6 months only slight recovery from paraparesis was observed. Surgical intervention against the mass in the lumbosacral region was not performed for the conus medullaris was found located in its normal position and no concomitant symptoms could be observed. In summary, it is considered that @entity362 is rare (1% of total @entity5 ) and commonly associated with other types of @entity154 (in 31% of @entity362 ). Particularly in @entity1 , @entity362 in the thoracic region as experienced in our case is extremely rare and any medical treatment started after clinical symptoms once developed seems ineffective.

title: [ XXXX in an @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['lipoma', 'spinal lipoma', 'thoracic and lumbosacral spinal lipoma']

entities_list: @entity3500 :: ('MESH:D020336', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['subdural tumor', 'tumor', 'spinal tumor']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic lesion']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['shallow thoracic movement']

answer: @entity362 :: (MESH:D008067,Disease) :: ['Thoracic and lumbo-sacral spinal lipoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the added value of single breath-hold diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in detection of small @entity75 (<or=3 cm) in @entity1 with @entity409 , by comparing the detection sensitivity of DWI/conventional dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) MRI and that of conventional DCE MRI alone. METHODS: A total of 54 @entity1 with chronic @entity409 underwent abdominal MRI at 1.5 T, including T1-weighted (T1WI), T2-weighted (T2WI), and 2D conventional DCE. For each @entity1 study, axial DWI was performed with a single-shot echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence using modified sensitivity encoding (mSENSE) with b-value of 500 seconds/mm2. A total of 20-24 slices were obtained during a 15-17-second breath-hold. Two observers independently interpreted the combined DWI/conventional DCE MRI images and the conventional DCE MRI images in random order. For all small @entity75 and @entity157 (smaller than 10 mm MHCC), the diagnostic performance using each imaging techniques were evaluated by ROC analysis. Sensitivity and positive predictive values were also calculated. RESULTS: The mean areas under the ROC curve (Az) of combined DWI/conventional DCE MRI images (0.945, 0.86) were statistically higher than those of conventional DCE MRI alone (0.86, 0.64) for all small @entity75 and MHCC (micro @entity157 ) lesions (P<0.01). The lesion detection sensitivities using the combined technique of both observers were significantly higher than those using the conventional DCE MRI alone for all small lesions and for MHCC (P<0.01). For MHCC, the sensitivities using the combined technique and the conventional DCE MRI alone were 95.8%-96.0% and 62.5%-68.0%, respectively. The positive predictive values for MHCC using the combined imaging technique (95.8%-96.0%) were higher than those using the conventional DCE MRI alone (94.1%-94.4%) (P<0.05). For all small @entity75 , the positive predictive values using the combined imaging technique and the conventional DCE MRI alone were 98.6%-98.7% and 95.5%-95.7%, respectively and there was no statistical difference. CONCLUSION: Combined use of Breath-hold DWI with conventional DCE MRI helped to provide higher sensitivities than conventional DCE MRI alone in the detection of small @entity75 in @entity1 with @entity409 . Furthermore, DWI could provide additional valuable information that benefits the differential diagnosis.

title: [The value of breath-hold diffusion-weighted imaging in small XXXX (<or=3 cm) detection].

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['HCC lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['micro-hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease', 'liver diseases']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma lesion']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity805 has been implicated in the etiology of both @entity29 ( @entity29 ), @entity30 and @entity31 . Subacute @entity8300 ( @entity8300 ) is caused by @entity281 . This study investigated the patterns of infection that are risks for @entity8300 , @entity281 and a close temporal relationship between measles and another infection, as potential risks for @entity8787 . METHODS: The data are from 7019 members of a nationally representative 1970 British Cohort Study. The ages of five childhood infections were recorded before onset of @entity8787 symptoms. Diagnoses of @entity8787 and @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ), as a control disease, were identified by age 26 years. RESULTS: Mumps infection before age 2 years was a risk for @entity31 (odds ratio, 25.12; 95% confidence interval, 6. 35-99.36). Measles and @entity281 in the same year of life were significantly associated with @entity31 and @entity30 , with odds ratios of 7.47 (2.42-23.06) and 4.27 (1.24-14.46), but not with @entity1723 . These relationships are independent of each other as well as sex, social class at birth, household crowding in childhood, and family history of @entity8787 . CONCLUSIONS: Atypical @entity281 in childhood may be risk factors for later @entity8787 .

title: @entity281 in childhood and subsequent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['IBDs', 'inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['atypical measles infection', 'early infection', 'mumps infections', 'paramyxovirus infections']

entities_list: @entity805 :: ('11234', 'Species') :: ['Measles virus']

entities_list: @entity8300 :: ('MESH:D013344', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosing panencephalitis', 'SSPE']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2489 is a problem in @entity130 and emergency general surgery @entity1 . Our hospital-acquired @entity281 prevention committee approved the use of early nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (screening-BAL) in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) to identify ventilated @entity1 with bronchiolar bacteria before 48 hours. We reviewed the results of this quality improvement initiative. METHODS: All ventilated @entity1 in the SICU (March 2011 to June 2012) underwent a screening-BAL 36 hours to 48 hours after intubation; quantitative culture results (>5   10(4) colony-forming unit per milliliter) were used to identify positive specimens. @entity922 was defined as clinical @entity358 score greater than 6 with a subsequent positive diagnostic-BAL result. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were averaged for the first 48 hours in the SICU. Continuous and dichotomous data were compared, and a multivariate regression analysis was performed on the screening-BAL and @entity55 results. RESULTS: Screening-BALs were performed in 150 @entity1 (99 @entity130 and 51 emergency general surgery @entity1 ), 72 of these specimens had positive findings. Fifty-three clinical @entity55 were diagnosed, and 45 (positive predictive value, 0.85) identified the same organism as the screening-BAL. @entity922 developed in eight @entity1 with a negative screening-BAL (negative predictive value, 0.85). Antibiotic therapy at the time of the screening-BAL was associated with a negative screen (odds ratio, 0.44; p = 0.026). Pneumonia developed on median postintubation Day 4 (2-15 days) in @entity1 with a positive screening-BAL results as compared with day 7.5 in the @entity1 with a negative screening-BAL results (3.5-15 days; p = 0.007). Field intubation is an independent risk factor (odds ratio, 3.5; p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Positive screening-BAL results in @entity130 and emergency general surgery @entity1 are associated with the development of @entity2489 by the same organism and may play a role in identifying @entity1 at risk for @entity55 . Further studies must be conducted to evaluate the role of screening-BAL in this @entity1 population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic/prognostic study, level III.

title: Early nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage: predictor of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'pneumonias']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['Ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'ventilator-associated pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['Clinical pneumonia']

answer: @entity2489 :: (MESH:D053717,Disease) :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the treatment effects of vocal function exercises on @entity121 @entity7364 (MTD) in tonal language speakers. DESIGN: Single-blinded, randomized, controlled, clinical trial. METHODS: Forty female primary school teachers from Northern Vietnam, diagnosed with MTD, were randomly allocated into a treatment group (n = 22), which used a full vocal exercise protocol (FE) (modified for use with Vietnamese speakers), and a control group (n = 18) which was treated with a @entity10107 ( @entity10107 ). The treatment duration was 4 weeks for both groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Acoustic and perceptual data were used as primary outcome measures. Acoustic parameters included frequency and amplitude perturbation, harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR), mean fundamental frequency of the broken and rising tones, and parameters representing @entity717 in the rising tone. Perceptual analyses were performed on pre- and posttreatment samples of the sustained /a/ sound using anchor vocal samples. Self-report data, collected via a posttreatment questionnaire, comprised the secondary outcome measure. RESULTS: Significant changes in perturbation, HNR, and perceptual data were observed in the FE group but not in the @entity10107 group. The FE group showed increased size and speed of pitch change. @entity1 from both groups showed positive changes in some tonal parameters after treatment. However, the magnitude of change and the number of @entity1 with positive changes were larger in the FE group. CONCLUSION: The data showed that vocal function exercises may be a cost-effective treatment for MTD.

title: Randomized controlled trial of vocal function exercises on XXXX @entity7364 in Vietnamese female teachers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['dysphonia']

entities_list: @entity10107 :: ('MESH:D064706', 'Disease') :: ['partial vocal exercise protocol', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['pitch movement']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle tension']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle tension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this case report was to investigate local immune mechanisms present during an acute inflammatory flare initiated by viscosupplementation with hylan G-F 20 in a @entity1 with @entity571 ( @entity571 ) and past meniscectomy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A @entity1 with a history of bilateral @entity571 and partial left knee meniscectomy, who had received three injections of hylan G-F 20, was diagnosed with an acute flare reaction in the left knee. Her chart was evaluated for clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings and for clinical follow-up. Histopathological synovial examination and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for genes with major roles in local @entity32 and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for markers of complement activation and cytokines were performed. To study the impact of the inflammatory and immune features we compared the case @entity1 with groups of three @entity571 and three @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 . RESULTS: The @entity1 exhibited evidence of highly increased acute phase reactant @entity1851 (CRP) in the blood. The pathological examination of the synovial membrane identified abundant fibrinous exudate with numerous particles of hyaluronan surrounded by a dense infiltrate of neutrophils and eosinophils. The synovium had moderate @entity1184 and @entity1463 as well as an inflammatory infiltrate predominantly composed of T lymphocytes and macrophages with scattered perivascular eosinophils and neutrophils. Immunoperoxidase staining identified numerous deposits of C5b-9 in the fibrinous exudates and the synovial membrane of the @entity1 . Similar findings were observed in the @entity309 @entity1 , whereas deposits were rare in @entity571 synovial samples. In addition, both anaphylatoxin C5a and the terminal complement complex C5b-9 were present at high levels, comparable to those in @entity309 @entity1 . The levels of mRNA for @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ), @entity650 , and the neutrophil marker myeloperoxidase (MPO) were markedly increased compared to those in the @entity309 and @entity571 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This present study is indicative of a pseudo-septic acute inflammatory reaction in response to local accumulation of hylan G-F 20 with the activation of complement and local invasion of pro-inflammatory cells.

title: Acute XXXX with induction of anaphylatoxin C5a and terminal complement complex C5b-9 associated with multiple intra-articular injections of hylan G-F 20: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['representative OA', 'osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: @entity4357 transfer proteins (PI-TPs) consist of two isoforms ( @entity26093 and @entity26094 ), which differ in phospholipid transfer properties and intracellular localization. Both PI-TP isoforms are substrates for protein kinase C and contain a minor phosphorylation site (Ser166 in @entity26093 ; Ser165 in @entity26094 ). Only @entity26094 contains a major phosphorylation site at Ser262, which must be phosphorylated for @entity26094 to be associated with the Golgi. The PI-TP isoforms are completely conserved between mammals. Although their function is still not clear, their importance follows from knock-out studies, showing that @entity19 lacking @entity26093 die soon after birth and that embryonic stems cells lacking @entity26094 cannot be generated [Mol. Biol. Cell 13 (2002) 739]. We determined the levels of the PI-TP isoforms in various @entity19 tissues by immunoblotting. @entity26093 is present in all tissues investigated, with highest levels in brain (167 ng/100 microg total protein). The levels of @entity26094 are 50-100 times lower than those of @entity26093 , with relatively high levels found in liver and brain (1.2 and 1.8 ng/100 microg of total protein, respectively). In contrast to NIH3T3 cells overexpressing @entity26093 , cells overexpressing @entity26094 (SPIbeta cells) were able to maintain steady-state levels of @entity4291 in plasma membrane under conditions where this lipid is degraded by exogenous sphingomyelinase. This process of rapid @entity4291 replenishment is dependent on @entity26094 being associated with the Golgi as cells overexpressing a mutant @entity26094 in which the major phosphorylation site is replaced ( @entity26094 ( @entity26095 ) behave as wild-type NIH3T3 cells. Since the SPIbeta cells display a @entity851 (35 h as compared to 21 h for wtNIH3T3 cells), we have investigated the sensitivity of these cells towards UV-induced apoptosis. We have found that the SPIbeta cells, but not the cells overexpressing @entity26094 ( @entity26095 ), are very sensitive. We are currently investigating whether a relationship exists between @entity26094 being involved in maintaining plasma membrane @entity4291 levels and the enhanced sensitivity towards apoptosis.

title: Overexpression of XXXX transfer protein beta in NIH3T3 cells has a stimulatory effect on @entity4291 synthesis and apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['decreased growth rate']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelin']

answer: @entity4357 :: (MESH:D010716,Chemical) :: ['phosphatidylinositol']