abstract: BACKGROUND: The course of @entity158 at a specific region such as the lower back has previously been shown as well as for generalized @entity158 . However we have not found any report on the course of @entity158 from various different specific regions. The aim of this investigation was to study the one-year transition of reported @entity158 in different body locations. METHODS: From a general population 14,555 @entity1 and @entity1 , 46-68 years, responded to an extensive health questionnaire including the standardized Nordic questionnaire. The population represented 27% of the total population within the age group in Malm  , Sweden. At the one year follow-up 12,607 responded to the questionnaire, yielding a response rate of 87%. The one year prevalence of long-lasting @entity158 and the pattern of @entity158 reporting from different regions were studied for @entity1 and @entity1 . RESULTS: The one-year prevalence of @entity4048 was 14% (95% CI 13-15) among @entity1 and 25% (95% CI 24-26) among @entity1 at baseline and 15% (95% CI 14-16) for the @entity1 and 23% (95% CI 22-24) for the @entity1 at follow-up. Of those reporting @entity4048 "all the time" at baseline, 48% of the @entity1 and 54% of the @entity1 also @entity4048 "all the time" at the one-year follow-up. At the follow-up @entity4048 was reported as present "often" by 43% of the @entity1 and 47% of the @entity1 who @entity4048 "often" at baseline. Similar transition pattern were found for neck, shoulders, elbow/wrist/hand and lower back symptoms, as well as consistent prevalence rates. CONCLUSION: The one-year transition pattern of reported @entity158 was similar in different body regions and among @entity1 and @entity1 . Furthermore the prevalence rates of long-lasting @entity158 in the population were consistent at baseline and the follow-up. The findings of similar transition patterns support the interpretation of long-lasting @entity158 as a generalized phenomenon rather than attributed to specific exposure. This may have implications for future @entity158 research.

title: The transition of reported XXXX in different body regions--a one-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['neck pain', 'reported neck pain', 'long-lasting neck pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Plasma lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) ( @entity6511 ) levels predict incident @entity65 , impacting @entity6511 as an emerging therapeutic target. We determined @entity6511 responses to statin and fibrate administration in @entity6 , and assessed relationships of changes in @entity6511 ) with subclinical @entity32 and lipoprotein characteristics. METHODS: A placebo-controlled cross-over study (three 8-week treatment periods with @entity3413 (40 mg daily), @entity10569 (400mg daily) and their combination) was carried out in 14 male type 2 @entity6 @entity1 . Plasma @entity6511 mass was measured by turbidimetric immunoassay. RESULTS: Plasma @entity6511 decreased (-21    4%) in response to @entity3413 (p<0.05 from baseline and placebo), but was unaffected by @entity10569 (1    5%). The drop in @entity6511 ) during combined treatment (-17    3%, p<0.05) was similar compared to that during @entity3413 alone. The @entity6511 changes during the 3 active lipid lowering treatment periods were related positively to baseline levels of high sensitive @entity1851 , non-HDL @entity165 , @entity1674 , the total @entity165 /HDL @entity165 ratio and less LDL electronegativity (p<0.02 to p<0.01), and inversely to baseline @entity6511 (p<0.01). LpPLA(2) responses correlated inversely with changes in non-HDL @entity165 , @entity1674 and the total @entity165 /HDL @entity165 ratio during treatment (p<0.05 to p<0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity6 , plasma @entity6511 is likely to be lowered by @entity1780 treatment only. Enhanced subclinical @entity32 and more severe @entity2299 may predict diminished LpPLA(2) responses during lipid lowering treatment, which in turn appear to be quantitatively dissociated from decreases in @entity755 lipoproteins. Conventional lipid lowering treatment may be insufficient for optimal LpPLA(2) lowering in @entity6 .

title: XXXX but not @entity10569 decreases plasma lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A    mass in @entity6 : relevance of high sensitive @entity1851 , lipoprotein profile and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) electronegativity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity10569 :: ('MESH:D001629', 'Chemical') :: ['bezafibrate']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity3413 :: (MESH:D019821,Chemical) :: ['Simvastatin']


abstract: @entity661 ( @entity661 ) or stress-induced @entity296 is an increasingly recognized syndrome characterized by severe regional left @entity67 in the absence of an explanatory coronary lesion. @entity661 may lead to lethal complications but is completely reversible if the @entity1 survives the acute phase. The pathogenesis of @entity661 and the mechanism behind this remarkable recovery are unknown. Plasma levels of @entity2922 are elevated in many @entity661 @entity1 and exogenously administered @entity2922 induces @entity661 -like @entity299 in both @entity1 and @entity35 . A @entity2922 excess increases myocardial metabolic demand by increasing the force of contraction as well as the heart rate, and also alters cardiac depolarization patterns. We propose that an altered spatiotemporal pattern of cardiac contraction and excessive force of contraction may lead to a redistribution of wall stresses in the left ventricle. This redistribution of wall stress causes regional mechanical overload of regions where wall tension becomes disproportionately great and renders these cardiomyocytes "metabolically insufficient". In other words, these cardiomyocytes experience a demand: supply mismatch on the basis of excessive metabolic demand. In order to prevent the death of these cardiomyocytes and to prevent excessive wall tension from developing in neighboring regions, a protective metabolic shutdown occurs in the affected cardiomyocytes. This metabolic shutdown, i.e., acute down regulation of non-vital cellular functions, serves to protect the affected regions from @entity39 and explains the apparently complete recovery observed in @entity661 . We propose that this phenomenon may share important characteristics with phenomena such as @entity63 , stunning and hibernation. In this manuscript, we discuss our hypothesis in the context of available knowledge and discuss important experiments that would help to corroborate or refute the hypothesis.

title: Are the different patterns of stress-induced (Takotsubo) XXXX explained by regional mechanical overload and demand: supply mismatch in selected ventricular regions?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic conditioning']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['TCM', 'Takotsubo cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lumbar disc prolapse, protrusion, and extrusion are the most common causes of nerve @entity158 and surgical interventions, and yet they account for less than 5% of all @entity1643 . The typical rationale for traditional surgery is that it is an effort to provide more rapid relief of @entity158 and disability. It should be noted that the majority of @entity1 do recover with conservative management. The primary rationale for any form of surgery for disc prolapse associated with @entity158 is to relieve nerve root irritation or compression due to @entity890 material. The primary modality of treatment continues to be either open or microdiscectomy, although several alternative techniques, including automated percutaneous mechanical lumbar discectomy, have been described. There is, however, a paucity of evidence for all decompression techniques, specifically alternative techniques including automated and laser discectomy. STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review of the literature of automated percutaneous mechanical lumbar discectomy for the contained @entity890 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and update the effectiveness of automated percutaneous mechanical lumbar discectomy. METHODS: The available literature on automated percutaneous mechanical lumbar discectomy in managing chronic low back and lower extremity @entity158 was reviewed. The quality assessment and clinical relevance criteria utilized were the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Review Group criteria, as utilized for interventional techniques for randomized trials, and the criteria developed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale criteria for observational studies.The level of evidence was classified as good, fair, and limited or poor, based on the quality of evidence scale developed by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). Data sources included relevant literature identified through searches of PubMed and EMBASE from 1966 to September 2012, and manual searches of the bibliographies of known primary and review articles. OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity158 relief was the primary outcome measure. Other outcome measures were functional improvement, improvement of psychological status, opioid intake, and return to work. Short-term effectiveness was defined as one year or less, whereas long-term effectiveness was defined as greater than one year. RESULTS: Nineteen studies were included; none of the randomized trials and 19 observational studies met inclusion criteria for methodological quality assessment. Overall, 5,515 @entity1 were studied with 4,412 @entity1 (80%) showing positive results lasting one year or longer. Based on USPSTF criteria, the indicated evidence for automated percutaneous mechanical lumbar discectomy is limited for short- and long-term relief. LIMITATIONS: A paucity of randomized controlled trials in the literature describing automated percutaneous mechanical disc decompression.   CONCLUSION: This systematic review shows limited evidence for automated percutaneous mechanical lumbar discectomy. Automated percutaneous mechanical lumbar discectomy may provide appropriate relief in properly selected @entity1 with @entity890 .

title: An updated review of automated percutaneous mechanical lumbar discectomy for the contained XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back problems']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'root pain', 'pain', 'radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['herniated disc', 'contained lumbar disc herniation', 'herniated lumbar disc']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['herniated lumbar disc']


abstract: An automated servo-control system to maintain total body weight constant was used to investigate the role of fluid volume expansion in the development of salt-dependent @entity101 in @entity235 continuously infused with subpressor doses of angiotensin II. @entity235 maintained on a fixed salt and water intake were studied in metabolic scale cages, which enabled continuous 24 h/day monitoring of changes in body weight as an index of changes in total body water. Beat-by-beat hemodynamics were determined 24 h/day. Daily fluid and electrolyte balances and hormonal profile were determined. Blood volume was periodically measured by injection of 51Cr red blood cells. After a 3-day control period, salt intake was increased from 8 to 120 meq/day. In contrast to the rise of arterial pressure that was observed in our previous nonservo-controlled volume studies, average 24-h mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance remained unchanged during a 4-day high-salt period. Total body weight was maintained within 7 +/- 17 g of the original weight. Blood volume was unchanged by day 2 as indicated by direct measurement (51Cr red blood cells) or by analysis of plasma protein concentration. There was a retention of 82 +/- 5 meq (P less than 0.05) of @entity1372 on day 1 of high-salt period. Plasma @entity1372 concentration increased approximately 7 meq/l (P less than 0.05) above control levels. Plasma @entity1122 activity and @entity1369 decreased to undetectable values, whereas vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide increased significantly. These results confirm that elevations of blood volume and cardiac output normally observed when salt intake was increased in @entity235 infused with angiotensin II are secondary to water retention and that this salt-dependent model of @entity101 is dependent on fluid volume expansion.

title: Prevention of salt angiotensin II XXXX by servo control of body water.

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: To accommodate the intake of food or liquid, gastric reservoir functions are important as the physiological reflex. There exist two major responses as a reservoir function of the stomach; adaptive and receptive relaxations. Adaptive relaxation is a reflex in which the fundus of the stomach dilates in response to small increases in intragastric pressure when food enters the stomach. Receptive relaxation is a reflex in which the gastric fundus dilates when food passes down the pharynx and the esophagus. The mechanisms of these two types of functional responses are to some extent different, although a @entity842 (NO) dependent non adrenergic, non cholinergic neural pathway is involved in the both relaxation reflexes. Adaptive relaxation is an intragastric pressure induced reflex. Stretch of the gastric wall activates the mechanoreceptors in @entity356 (Mu), which generate impulses carried by the @entity2951 -sensitive afferent sensory neuron. The sensory neuron can synapse on the inhibitory efferent neuron directly or activate it via interneurons of the myenteric plexus. This leads to the release of NO from the nitroxergic efferent neuron, which causes relaxation of circular muscle and hence of the fundus. Alternatively, an axon reflex causes the NO release from the sensory neuron, resulting in @entity4033 resistant gastric relaxation. Receptive relaxation is mediated by vagal motor fibers. In contrast with the pressure-induced adaptive relaxation, ganglionic nicotinic transmission is essential in the vagally induced relaxation. @entity3549 and @entity10132 are important neurotransmitters of the inhibitory sensory neuron, which, however, may not mediate both adaptive and receptive relaxations. Disorders of these reservoir functions result in symptoms of early satiety and @entity448 , which are the major symptoms of @entity1 with functional @entity2210 .

title: New aspects of gastric adaptive relaxation, reflex after food intake for more food: involvement of XXXX -sensitive sensory nerves and @entity842 .

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosa']

answer: @entity2951 :: (MESH:D002211,Chemical) :: ['capsaicin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of @entity9570 (Pue) on the neurocyte apoptosis and the p-Akt (Ser473) expression in the @entity63 penumbra of @entity35 with @entity2806 /reperfusion (I/R). METHODS: The 48 @entity35 were randomly divided into four groups, i.e., the sham-operation group, the I/R group, the Pue treatment group, and the Pue + @entity2306 treatment group (Pue + LY), 12 in each group. The cerebral I/R @entity35 model was established by Longa's suture method. Pue and Pue + specific @entity43977 kinase inhibitor, i.e., @entity2306 were administered. The score of the @entity51 was estimated 1 h followed by 24 h reperfusion. The @entity1188 volume was measured using TTC staining. The number of apoptotic neurons were detected using Tunel method. The expressions of p-Akt (Ser473) was detected using immunohistochemical assay, and the images were analyzed. RESULTS: The score of the @entity51 decreased more obviously, the number of apoptosis decreased more significantly, the expressions of p-Akt (Ser473) increased more significantly in the Pue group than in the I/R group (all P < 0.05). The score of the @entity51 increased more obviously, the number of apoptosis increased more significantly, the expression of p-Akt (Ser473) decreased more significantly in the Pue + LY group than in the Pue group (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Pue reduced the apoptosis of neurocytes and had protective effects against cerebral I/R injury possibly through activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

title: [Effects of @entity9570 on the neurocyte apoptosis and p-Akt (Ser473) expressions in @entity35 with XXXX /reperfusion injury].

entities_list: @entity43977 :: ('p|SUB|P|13|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['P13K']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity9570 :: ('MESH:C033607', 'Chemical') :: ['puerarin']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Apoptosis is induced by binding of death receptor ligands, members of the @entity5 @entity39 factor (TNF) superfamily, to their cognate receptors. It is suggested that @entity2205 ( @entity2205 ) is involved in pathogenesis of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). This study aimed to assess @entity2205 concentrations in sera of @entity1252 @entity1 and to determine their potential relationship with disease activity, anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) levels, @entity1398 and renal involvement. METHODS: Circulating levels of @entity2205 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum samples obtained from 40 @entity1252 @entity1 (20 with active and 20 with inactive disease) and 20 controls. RESULTS: The mean (SEM) serum @entity2205 concentration in @entity1252 was 1750.7 (440.2) pg/mL. Serum @entity2205 concentrations in @entity1 were higher than those in controls (P < 0.01). Serum @entity2205 concentrations for @entity1 with inactive disease (1854.8 [485.4] pg/mL) and those with activity (1646.6 [390.6] pg/mL) were statistically comparable. @entity1252 @entity1 with positive anti-dsDNA antibodies had significantly higher @entity2205 levels (mean = 1846 [456] vs. 1455 [325] pg/mL; P < 0.05). Serum @entity2205 concentrations were significantly higher in classes III and IV @entity1310 compared to classes I and II @entity1310 (1970 [512] vs. 1330 [331] pg/mL; P < 0.01). Serum @entity2205 concentrations in @entity1 with @entity1398 were higher than those without @entity1398 (1805 [505] vs. 1516 [400] pg/mL; P = 0.042) and in controls (P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that an increased level of @entity2205 is a feature of @entity1252 that correlates with disease activity, anti-dsDNA titers @entity1398 and @entity1988 .

title: Up regulation of serum @entity5 XXXX factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand in @entity1252 : relations with disease activity, antibodies to double -stranded DNA, @entity1310 and @entity1398 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2205 :: ('8743', 'Gene') :: ['TRAIL', 'TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['JSLE', 'juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: Disease at the distal @entity254 site of saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) has been successfully treated with @entity661 , with a lower restenosis rate than at sites of the aortoostial or proximal portion of the SVG. The role of stents for these lesions has not been well defined. To compare the in-hospital and long-term outcome of @entity1 who underwent treatment at this site by either @entity661 or tubular stent implantation, we studied 182 consecutive @entity1 who underwent @entity661 and 77 @entity1 who underwent stenting between January 1994 and August 1997. Baseline clinical characteristics for both groups were similar. Angiographically, SVG stenoses treated with stents were older, longer in lesion length, and more restenotic. The in-hospital outcome was similar for both groups, with 98% procedural success rates and 1% major @entity63 complications. Long-term follow-up was obtained for 93% of the @entity1 , for an average of 17 +/- 14 months. The mortality rates were similar for @entity1 who underwent @entity661 and stenting (11.6% vs 13%, p = NS). The Q-wave @entity583 rates were also similar (1% vs 0%, p = NS). There was a trend toward a higher rate of @entity75 revascularization in the @entity661 group (25% vs 14%, p = 0.058). We conclude that percutaneous revascularization of the SVG distal @entity254 site by either @entity661 or stenting can be performed with a high rate of procedural success and favorable in-hospital and long-term outcomes. Stent deployment may further improve the long-term outcome of these @entity1 by reducing the need for repeat revascularization.

title: In-hospital and long-term results of stent deployment compared with XXXX for treatment of narrowing at the saphenous vein graft distal @entity254 site.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['balloon angioplasty']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity661 :: (MESH:D054549,Disease) :: ['balloon angioplasty']


abstract: Whilst it is assumed that body growth is retarded in @entity1 with @entity134 -resistant @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ), the degree of @entity851 and the pathomechanisms involved are poorly understood. We collected serial growth data in 45 @entity1 (24 males) with @entity134 -resistant @entity1985 usually from onset to @entity454 ( @entity454 ) during childhood (n=10) or until final height was attained (n=27). Mean follow-up time was 9 (2-19) years. Mean initial standardized height was -0.3+/-1.2 standard deviation scores ( @entity214 ). Mean final height was +0.4 @entity214 in males and -1.0 @entity214 in females (sex difference not significant). In 16 patients with serum @entity1011 levels consistently <1.2 mg/dl, mean final height @entity214 was 0.3 @entity214 higher than that obtained within 6 months of onset. In contrast, 9 @entity1 who entered @entity454 lost an average of 1.3 @entity214 from the initial record to @entity454 (P=0.017). In prepubertal @entity1 without @entity177 , mean height @entity214 decreased during @entity228 treatment by 0.3 @entity214 , followed by a partial catch-up after discontinuation of treatment; the change from initial to final height @entity214 was inversely correlated with the total @entity229 dose given (r=-0.50, P=0.03). In 16 prepubertal @entity1 with serial height and serum protein measurements who were off @entity230 and maintained normal @entity1011 levels, mean individual albumin concentrations correlated with the change in height @entity214 per year (r=0.65, P=0.0006) and in @entity1 with final height (r=0.73, P=0.03). In conclusion, growth in @entity134 -resistant @entity1985 depends on the preservation of renal function, the cumulative dose of @entity230 applied, and the severity of @entity9427 .

title: Body growth of XXXX with @entity134 -resistant @entity1985 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth failure']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity9427 :: ('MESH:D007019', 'Disease') :: ['hypoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Interpenetrated gels of biocompatible polysaccharides alginate and silanized @entity49605 (Si-HPMC) have been studied in order to assess their potential as scaffolds for the regeneration of @entity1 tissues. Si-HPMC networks were formed by reduction of the pH to neutral and alginate networks were formed by progressive in situ release of @entity141 . Linear and non-linear mechanical properties of the mixed gels at different polymer and @entity460 concentrations were compared with those of the corresponding single gels. The alginate/Si-HPMC gels were found to be stiffer than pure Si-HPMC gels, but weaker and more deformable than pure alginate gels. No significant difference was found for the maximum stress at @entity397 measured during compression for all these gels. The degrees of @entity4 or contraction in excess water at pH 7 as well as the release of @entity141 was measured as a function of time. Pure alginate gels contracted by as much as 50  % and showed syneresis, which was much reduced or even eliminated for mixed gels. The important release of @entity141 upon ageing for pure alginate gels was much reduced for the mixed gels. Furthermore, results of cytocompatibility assays indicated that there was no cytotoxicity of Si-HPMC/alginate hydrogels in 2D and 3D culture of @entity1 @entity1 cells. The results show that using interpenetrated Si-HPMC/alginate gels has clear advantages over the use of single gels for application in tissue regeneration.

title: Interpenetrated Si-HPMC/alginate hydrogels as a potential scaffold for XXXX tissue regeneration.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity49605 :: ('MESH:D065347', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity5513 arising from the cervical sympathetic chain is a rare @entity4847 . Two cases are presented from an academic medical center. @entity1 and Methods @entity1 were initially seen with an enlarging neck mass associated with @entity4148 . Radiography demonstrated a mass located posterior to the carotid sheath. Primary therapy consisted of surgical excision and postoperative radiation therapy. RESULTS: The @entity5 were found to be @entity5513 arising from the cervical sympathetic chain. The pathologic characteristics of this @entity5 are reviewed. One @entity1 remained disease free for 12 years after treatment, whereas 1 @entity1 died as a result of local recurrence and distant metastases. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5513 of the cervical sympathetic chain is a rare @entity4847 of the @entity135 that may be misdiagnosed as @entity320 . The clinical behavior of this @entity5 is variable. Preoperative neurologic findings, anatomic location, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry findings help to establish the diagnosis, and electron microscopy may have a role in distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice.

title: Primary XXXX of cervical sympathetic chain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic schwannomas', 'Melanocytic schwannoma', 'melanocytic schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['sympathetic nervous system dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4847 :: ('MESH:D018317', 'Disease') :: ['nerve sheath tumor', 'pigmented nerve sheath tumor']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['melanocytic schwannoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Soluble fms-like @entity669 kinase (sFLT-1) is a potent antiangiogenic growth factor that has been found to be markedly elevated in @entity1468 . In healthy pregnancy, serum sFLT-1 concentrations are 50-fold higher than in the nonpregnant state. The functional significance of this physiologic elevation in serum sFLT-1 in normal pregnancy is unknown. We hypothesized that sFLT-1 regulates placental cytotrophoblast invasion and that lower levels of sFLT-1 would be observed locally in invasive placentas (accreta/increta/percreta). STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective case-control study comparing placental sFLT-1 expression in hysterectomy specimens from 3 groups: group 1, focally invasive placenta; group 2, normal invasion from the same specimen; and group 3, normal invasion associated with @entity5030 . Immunohistochemistry for sFLT-1 was performed, and staining intensity was graded on a scale from 1+ (weak) to 5+ (strong). RESULTS: We identified 10 hysterectomy specimens from @entity1 with invasive placentation and 3 with @entity5030 . The median sFLT-1 staining score for group 1 was 1.75 compared to 4.0 for group 2 (P  = .01). A significant difference was also found between group 1 and group 3 (P  = .01). When comparing depth of invasion, there was a trend toward lower staining score as depth of invasion increased (P  = .11). Interobserver agreement for immunohistochemistry scoring was 87%. CONCLUSION: Lower levels of sFLT-1 protein expression were associated with invasive placentation suggesting a critical functional role for sFLT-1 in regulation of placental invasion.

title: Does soluble fms-like XXXX kinase-1 regulate placental invasion? Insight from the invasive placenta.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity5030 :: ('MESH:D010923', 'Disease') :: ['placenta previa']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: @entity626 ( @entity571 ) is associated with @entity2057 and @entity425 , so muscle strengthening is an important point in the rehabilitation process. Since @entity158 and joint @entity2693 make it often difficult to use conventional strength exercises, neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) may be an alternative approach for these @entity1 . This study was aimed at (1) identifying the associations of knee @entity571 with quadriceps muscle architecture and strength, and (2) quantifying the effects of a NMES training program on these parameters. In phase 1, 20 @entity1 with knee @entity571 were compared with 10 healthy female, asymptomatic, age-matched control subjects. In phase 2, 12 @entity571 @entity1 performed an 8-week NMES strength training program. @entity571 @entity1 presented smaller vastus lateralis thickness (11.9 mm) and fascicle length (20.5%) than healthy subjects (14.1 mm; 24.5%), and also had a 23% smaller knee extensor torque compared to the control group. NMES training increased vastus lateralis thickness (from 12.6 to 14.2 mm) and fascicle length (from 19.6% to 24.6%). Additionally, NMES training increased the knee extensor torque by 8% and reduced joint @entity158 , @entity2693 , and functional limitation. In conclusion, @entity571 @entity1 have decreased strength, muscle thickness, and fascicle length in the knee extensor musculature compared to control subjects. NMES training appears to offset the changes in quadriceps structure and function, as well as improve the health status in @entity1 with knee @entity571 .

title: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) reduces structural and functional losses of quadriceps muscle and improves health status in XXXX with @entity626 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['Knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['quadriceps atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Varus and valgus alignment are associated with progression of @entity626 , but their role in incident disease is less certain. Radiographic measures of incident @entity626 may be capturing early progression rather than disease development. The authors tested the hypothesis: in knees with normal cartilage morphology by MRI, varus is associated with incident medial @entity16 and valgus with incident lateral damage. METHODS: In MOST, a prospective study of @entity1 at risk of or with @entity626 , baseline full-limb x-rays and baseline and 30-month MRI were acquired. In knees with normal baseline cartilage morphology in all tibiofemoral subregions, logistic regression was used with generalised estimating equations to examine the association between alignment and incident @entity16 adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, laxity, @entity937 and extrusion. RESULTS: Of 1881 knees, 293 from 256 @entity1 met the criteria. Varus versus non-varus was associated with incident medial damage (adjusted OR 3.59, 95% CI 1.59 to 8.10), as was varus versus neutral, with evidence of a dose effect (adjusted OR 1.38/1   varus, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.59). The findings held even excluding knees with medial meniscal damage. Valgus was not associated with incident lateral damage. Varus and valgus were associated with a reduced risk of incident lateral and medial damage, respectively. CONCLUSION: In knees with normal cartilage morphology, varus was associated with incident @entity16 in the medial compartment, and varus and valgus with a reduced risk of incident damage in the less loaded compartment. These results support that varus increases the risk of the initial development of @entity626 .

title: The role of varus and valgus alignment in the initial development of knee XXXX by MRI: the MOST study.

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal tear']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage damage']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['cartilage damage']


abstract: A minimally invasive and repeatable approach for real-time @entity470 ( @entity470 ) mutation surveillance would be highly beneficial for individualized therapy of late stage @entity2 @entity1 whose surgical specimens are often not available. We aim to develop a viable method to detect @entity470 mutations in single circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs). Using a model CTC system of spiked @entity5 cells in whole blood, we evaluated @entity470 mutation determination in single @entity5 cells enriched from blood. We used magnetic beads labeled with antibody against leukocyte surface antigens to deplete leukocytes and enrich native CTCs independent of epithelial marker expression level. We then used laser cell microdissection (LCM) to isolate individual CTCs, followed by whole-genome amplification of the DNA for exon 19 microdeletion, @entity9512 and @entity9513 mutation detection by PCR sequencing. @entity470 mutations were successfully measured in individual spiked @entity5 cells enriched from 7.5  ml whole blood. Whole-genome amplification provided sufficient DNA for mutation determination at multiple sites. Ninety-five percent of the single CTCs microdissected by LCM (19/20) yielded PCR amplicons for at least one of the three mutation sites. The amplification success rates were 55  % (11/20) for exon 19 deletion, 45  % (9/20) for @entity9513 , and 85  % (17/20) for @entity9512 . Sequencing of the amplicons showed allele dropout in the amplification reactions, but mutations were correctly identified in 80  % of the amplicons. @entity470 mutation determination from single captured @entity5 cells from blood is feasible with the approach described here. However, to overcome allele dropout and to obtain reliable information about the @entity5 's @entity470 status, multiple individual @entity5 cells should be assayed.

title: Determination of XXXX mutations in single cells microdissected from enriched @entity2 cells in peripheral blood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to determine the nature, prevalence, and CT findings of @entity660 in @entity1 with @entity280 and to determine whether identification of @entity45 and @entity5 is important in establishing the diagnosis of @entity280 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The medical records and radiologic images of 52 @entity1 with @entity280 who were evaluated at our institution between 1976 and 1992, and who at some stage underwent abdominal CT, sonography, or MR imaging, were reviewed. The nature, prevalence, and CT findings of the @entity660 were determined, and the role of the @entity660 in establishing the diagnosis of @entity280 was studied. RESULTS: Twenty-nine (56%) of the 52 @entity1 had @entity660 . Nineteen @entity1 had @entity45 and no other @entity660 . Four @entity1 had @entity4294 only, one had a @entity652 only, and three had indeterminate pancreatic masses. One @entity1 had cysts and an @entity4294 , and another @entity1 had cysts, an @entity4294 , and a @entity652 . In six @entity1 (12%), @entity660 were the only abdominal manifestation of @entity280 . In three @entity1 screened because of a family history of @entity280 , no @entity149 were present, and the only abdominal lesions were in the pancreas (cysts in two cases, @entity14380 in the other). Thus, the @entity660 was an important factor in establishing a diagnosis of @entity280 in these @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity660 may be the only abdominal manifestation of @entity280 . CT findings include cysts, @entity4294 , and @entity652 . @entity660 , including cysts, may precede any other manifestation of @entity280 by several years, and recognition permits earlier diagnosis in @entity1 being screened for @entity280 .

title: XXXX in @entity280 : prevalence, clinical significance, and CT findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14380 :: ('MESH:D018273', 'Disease') :: ['islet cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4294 :: ('MESH:D007516', 'Disease') :: ['islet cell tumors', 'islet cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic lesions', 'pancreatic lesion', 'pancreatic lesions', 'pancreatic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cysts']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['microcystic adenomas', 'microcystic adenoma']

entities_list: @entity280 :: ('MESH:D006623', 'Disease') :: ['von Hippel-Lindau disease']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic lesions']


abstract: Risk factors for severe @entity6937 ( @entity6937 ) have been described with conflicting results. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for the development of severe @entity6937 in @entity1 undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for @entity0 . 390 @entity1 were assessed at the first and final RT sessions and at followup. @entity6937 were measured by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/The Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 , Acute Radiation Morbidity Scoring Criteria (RTOG/EORTC scale). @entity1 reported symptoms using visual analogue scale (VAS). Health related quality of life was assessed by EORTC QLQ-C30 and sleep disturbances by the MOS-Sleep questionnaire. Clinical data included smoking status ( @entity1223 in expired air), body mass index (BMI) and treatment data. RT dose, >=  50 Gy (mean difference 1.9 CI: 1.0 to 3.5, p = 0.040), high BMI (mean difference 4.3 CI: 2.2 to 8.3, p < 0.001) and smoking (mean difference 2.5 CI. 1.1 to 5.7, p = 0.027) were the factors strongest related to severe @entity6937 . @entity1 ' with severe @entity6937 reported higher levels of @entity158 and @entity25 . To stop smoking during RT is the best decision @entity1 can make to reduce the risk for severe @entity6937 since smoking is an independent risk factor.

title: Smoking as an independent risk factor for severe skin reactions due to adjuvant radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['increased sleeping problems']

entities_list: @entity6937 :: ('MESH:D054508', 'Disease') :: ['ARSR', 'acute radiation skin reactions']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Evaluate combination of heat and elevated pressure to enhance protein extraction and quality of @entity406 -fixed (FF), and FF paraffin-embedded (FFPE) aorta for proteomics. EXPERIMENT DESIGN: Proteins were extracted from fresh frozen aorta at @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ). FF and FFPE aortas (3 months and 15 years) were extracted at @entity1054 , heat alone, or a combination of heat and high pressure. Protein yields were compared, and digested peptides from the extracts were analyzed with @entity15 . RESULTS: Combined heat and elevated pressure increased protein yield from @entity1 FF or FFPE aorta compared to matched tissues with heat alone (1.5-fold) or at @entity1054 (8.3-fold), resulting in more proteins identified and with more sequence coverage. The length of storage did adversely affect the quality of proteins from FF tissue. For long-term storage, aorta was preserved better with FFPE than FF alone. Periostin and MGF-E8 were demonstrated suitable for MRM assays from FFPE aorta. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Combination of heat and high pressure is an effective method to extract proteins from FFPE aorta for downstream proteomics. This method opens the possibility for use of archival and often rare FFPE aortas and possibly other tissues available to proteomics for biomarker discovery and quantification.

title: Improved protein extraction and protein identification from archival XXXX -fixed paraffin-embedded @entity1 aortas.

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'room temperature']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

answer: @entity406 :: (MESH:D005557,Chemical) :: ['formalin']


abstract: PURPOSE: This paper briefly summarizes the research on increased radiosensitivity in @entity0 @entity1 measured by the micronucleus test (MNT) and its association to genetic variants in DNA repair genes. More preliminary data are presented on the distribution of chromosomes and chromosome fragments in micronuclei (MN) in order to gain more information on clastogenic and aneugenic effects and better understand the phenotype of increased radiosensitivity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Reports of relevant studies obtained from a search of PubMed and studies referenced in those reports were reviewed. In four @entity1 with high MN frequency (three @entity5 @entity1 , one control) and four probands with low MN frequency, the presence of chromosome fragments or whole chromosomes in MN was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis for chromosomes 1, 7, and 17. RESULTS: An increased MN frequency in @entity0 @entity1 compared to controls has consistently been reported with high significance. Higher MN frequencies were observed in 20-50% of @entity0 @entity1 . Chromosomal fragments of chromosome 17, but not of chromosomes 1 and 7 were more frequent in the probands with high MN frequency than in those with low frequency (p = 0.045). CONCLUSION: The MNT detects a cellular phenotype common to a portion of @entity0 @entity1 . This phenotype is very likely to be genetically determined. For the genetic dissection of @entity0 susceptibility this phenotype may turn out to be more efficient than @entity0 itself. Additional parameters which can be measured simultaneously with the MN frequency may be able to further enhance its usefulness.

title: Increased radiosensitivity as an indicator of genes conferring XXXX susceptibility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity842 (NO) produced by @entity1506 contributes to @entity63 @entity75 . However, the role of @entity1506 -derived NO on neonatal @entity2806 has not been clarified. We demonstrate here that @entity5118 , a relatively selective inhibitor of @entity1506 , ameliorated neonatal @entity75 and that temporal profiles of NO correlated with the neuroprotective effect of @entity5118 . Seven-day-old Wister @entity35 pups were subjected to left carotid @entity432 followed by 2.5 h of @entity519 exposure (8% @entity26 ). @entity1188 volumes (cortical and striatal) were assessed 72 h after the onset of @entity519 - @entity63 by planimetric analysis of coronal brain slices stained with @entity1710 - @entity1711 . @entity5118 (300 mg/kg i.p.), administered once before the onset of @entity519 - @entity63 and then three times daily, significantly ameliorated @entity1188 volume (89% reduction in the cerebral cortex and 90% in the striatum; p<0.001). NO metabolites were measured by means of chemiluminescence using an NO analyzer. In controls, there was a significant biphasic increase in NO metabolites in the ligated side at 1 h (during @entity519 ) and at 72 h after the onset of @entity519 (p<0.05). @entity5118 did not suppress the first peak but significantly reduced the second one (p<0.05), and markedly reduced @entity1188 size in a neonatal @entity63 @entity35 model. Suppression of NO production after reperfusion is a likely mechanism of this neuroprotection.

title: Protective effect of @entity5118 on @entity75 and temporal profile of brain XXXX in neonatal @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity5118 :: ('MESH:C004479', 'Chemical') :: ['Aminoguanidine', 'aminoguanidine']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic brain damage', 'brain damage']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: The results of long term oral therapy of @entity943 in 43 @entity1 successfully treated with @entity2779 are reported. The @entity1 were treated for periods ranging between 1 month and 34 months with a mean of 13.4 months. The administered dose varied between 150 mg tds and 300 mg qds with an average daily dose of between 600 and 750 mg. The doses were decided on a body-weight basis with range of 6 to 17 mg/kg and an average of 12 mg/kg. Altogether 30 @entity1 were successfully treated over a long period, sometimes in combination with other antiarrhythmic agents, particularly beta-blockers. 2 @entity1 did not appear after some first controls. In 7 @entity1 the drug was not effective, even when used in combination with others. 4 @entity1 stopped the treatment due to side-effects. Further 18 @entity1 complained temporarily of gastrointestinal and cerebral side-effects. Some Ecg changes were noted, particularly A-V conduction delays and spreading of the QRS-complex. We suggest that the clinically most important parameters for monitoring an antiarrhythmic regimen of @entity2779 are the @entity1 's own history and Ecg-examination noting the PQ interval and particularly the width of the QRS-complex and long-term monitoring.

title: [Long-term treatment with the new antiarrhythmic drug XXXX in correlation to plasma levels (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity2779 :: ('MESH:D011405', 'Chemical') :: ['propafenone']

answer: @entity2779 :: (MESH:D011405,Chemical) :: ['propafenone']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of mode of delivery on sexual function. DESIGN: One thousand six hundred and thirteen questionnaires containing 16 questions about @entity146 and @entity546 before, during and after pregnancy were sent out to primiparous, ethnically homogeneous (fluent in German) @entity1 who delivered in a large tertiary referral center between 6 months and 2(1/2) year before. The returned questionnaires were merged to clinical data from our obstetric database in an anonymous fashion. The @entity1 were subdivided into four groups (A) "spontaneous without injuries (except minor labial laceration)", (B) "c-section", (C)"episiotomy or @entity4551 ", and (D) "operative vaginal delivery". RESULTS: The response rate of primiparae was 41% (655/1613). Forty-seven percent of @entity1 resumed sexual intercourse (SI) within 8 weeks after delivery. Altogether 31% of the @entity1 did not experience any @entity158 during the first SI post-partum whereas 49% of all @entity1 noted significant @entity158 (medium, considerable or severe), depending on the mode of delivery (p = 0.007). Persistence of @entity546 longer than 6 months was 3.5% (4/115; group A), 3.4% (2/58; group B), 11% (34/316; group C), and 14% (20/114; group D). CONCLUSIONS: Recently, female sexuality may not have been prominent in any discussion concerning possible advantages and disadvantages of different modes of childbirth. Our results should be taken into consideration when counseling @entity1 antenatally regarding mode of delivery.

title: Rate of XXXX after delivery in primiparae according to mode of delivery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behavior']

entities_list: @entity4551 :: ('MESH:D022125', 'Disease') :: ['perineal laceration']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

answer: @entity546 :: (MESH:D004414,Disease) :: ['dyspareunia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The mitochondrial @entity2125 dehydrogenase complex (complex I) is of particular importance for the respiratory chain in mitochondria. It is the major electron entry site for the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) and therefore of great significance for mitochondrial @entity855 generation. We recently described an @entity958 double-mutant lacking the genes encoding the carbonic anhydrases @entity45994 and @entity45995 , which both form part of a plant-specific 'carbonic anhydrase domain' of mitochondrial complex I. The mutant lacks complex I completely. Here we report extended analyses for systematically characterizing the proteome of the ca1ca2 mutant. Using various proteomic tools, we show that lack of complex I causes reorganization of the cellular respiration system. Reduced electron entry into the respiratory chain at the first segment of the mETC leads to induction of complexes II and IV as well as alternative oxidase. Increased electron entry at later segments of the mETC requires an increase in oxidation of organic substrates. This is reflected by higher abundance of proteins involved in glycolysis, the @entity6626 cycle and branched-chain @entity3689 catabolism. Proteins involved in the light reaction of photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle, @entity13417 biosynthesis, and photorespiration are clearly reduced, contributing to the significant delay in growth and development of the double-mutant. Finally, enzymes involved in defense against reactive @entity26 species and stress symptoms are much induced. These together with previously reported insights into the function of plant complex I, which were obtained by analysing other complex I mutants, are integrated in order to comprehensively describe 'life without complex I'.

title: Life without complex I: proteome analyses of an @entity958 mutant lacking the mitochondrial XXXX dehydrogenase complex.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity6626 :: ('CHEBI:27093', 'Chemical') :: ['tricarboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity13417 :: ('CHEBI:26932', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrapyrrole']

answer: @entity2125 :: (MESH:D009243,Chemical) :: ['NADH']


abstract: OBJECT: The effects of posterior fossa decompression on @entity1645 -induced @entity1644 have been well described. However, treatment of worsening @entity1644 after Chiari decompression remains enigmatic. This paper defines @entity1 and clinical characteristics as well as treatment and postoperative radiological and clinical outcomes in @entity1 experiencing this complication. METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective review of @entity1 at the @entity1 's Hospital of Pittsburgh and @entity1 's of Alabama who developed worsening @entity1644 after Chiari decompression was performed. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 (age range 8 months to 15 years), 7 of whom had preoperative @entity1644 , underwent posterior fossa decompression. @entity5827 (n = 3) and @entity4008 (n = 2) complicated 5 cases (4 of these @entity1 were originally treated at outside hospitals). @entity1644 presented a median of 1.4 years (range 0.2-10.3 years) after the primary decompression. Ten @entity1 presented with new, recurrent, or persistent symptoms, and 4 were asymptomatic. Secondary Chiari decompression was performed in 11 of the 14 @entity1 . The other 3 @entity1 were advised to undergo secondary decompression. A structural cause for each failed primary Chiari decompression (for example, extensive @entity2318 , suture in the obex, @entity2443 , residual posterior arch of @entity6746 , and no duraplasty) was identified at the secondary operation. After secondary decompression, 8 @entity1 ' symptoms completely resolved, 1 @entity1 's condition stabilized, and 2 @entity1 remained asymptomatic. Radiologically, 10 of the 11 @entity1 had a decrease in the size of their syringes, and 1 @entity1 experienced no change (but improved clinically). The median follow-up from initial Chiari decompression was 3.1 years (range 0.8-14.1 years) and from secondary decompression, 1.3 years (range 0.3-4.5 years). No @entity1 underwent syringopleural shunting or other nonposterior fossa treatment for @entity1644 . CONCLUSIONS: Based on the authors' experience, @entity1 with worsening @entity1644 after decompression for @entity1645 generally have a surgically remediable structural etiology, and secondary exploration and decompression should be considered.

title: Worsening or development of XXXX following Chiari I decompression: case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia', 'Worsening syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari malformation Type I']

entities_list: @entity5827 :: ('MESH:D008582', 'Disease') :: ['Aseptic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity2443 :: ('MESH:D001100', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid web']

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['syringomyelia']


abstract: @entity11887 is an @entity10517 derivative which has demonstrated activity in @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and in @entity706 . The present study was designed to assess the reinduction rate and @entity137 of @entity11887 (250 mg/m2/d x 5) associated with @entity2592 (100 mg/m2 twice a day x 5) in refractory and relapsed acute @entity1778 . @entity1 who relapsed after bone marrow transplantation were eligible. Twenty-six @entity1 were included. Diagnoses were as follows: 13 @entity3052 , 9 @entity981 ( @entity981 ), @entity1778 ( @entity1778 ). All @entity1 had been very highly pretreated, especially with @entity8253 , and most of them were of poor prognosis. The overall response rate was 46% with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 27-65%. According to diagnosis, complete remission (CR) rates are: @entity3052 : 5/13, @entity981 : 5/9, and @entity1778 : 2/4. Four @entity1 died, three from infection and one from @entity697 . The major @entity137 was infection with grade 3 and 4 episodes occurring in 42% of @entity1 . No significant @entity1370 was noted. @entity99 was noted. @entity99 were limited and transient. @entity11887 in association with @entity2592 is effective in both @entity3052 and @entity981 of childhood. @entity11887 should be evaluated with a five-day schedule in other @entity5 . In @entity1 with @entity3052 previously treated with high dose @entity2592 , new combination regimen is warranted.

title: Treatment of relapsed or refractory XXXX in childhood with @entity11887 combined with high dose @entity2592 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia', 'ALL']

entities_list: @entity10517 :: ('MESH:C034020', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracene']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute lysis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['AML', 'acute leukemia', 'acute myeloblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['aracytine']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['and 4 undifferentiated leukemia', 'AUL', 'childhood leukemia']

entities_list: @entity11887 :: ('MESH:C031404', 'Chemical') :: ['bisantrene', 'Bisantrene']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic and renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity161 spectrum disorders result in enormous individual suffering and financial burden on @entity1 and on society. In Germany, there are about 1,000,000 individuals suffering from @entity161 ( @entity161 ) or @entity914 ( @entity914 ), a combination of @entity716 and affective symptoms. Given the heterogeneous nature of these syndromes, one may assume that there is a difference in treatment costs among @entity1 with paranoid @entity161 and @entity914 . However, the current the national system of cost accounting in psychiatry and psychosomatics in Germany assesses all @entity161 spectrum disorders within one category. METHODS: The study comprised a retrospective audit of data from 118 @entity1 diagnosed with paranoid @entity161 (F20.0) and 71 @entity1 with @entity914 (F25). We used the mean total costs as well as partial cost, i.e., mean costs for medication products, mean personal costs and mean infrastructure costs from each @entity1 for the statistical analysis. We tested for differences in the four variables between @entity161 and @entity914 @entity1 using ANCOVA and confirmed the results with bootstrapping. RESULTS: @entity914 @entity1 had a longer duration of stay than @entity1 with @entity161 (p = .02). Mean total costs were significantly higher for @entity914 @entity1 (p = .023). Further, we found a significant difference in mean personnel costs (p = .02) between @entity1 with @entity161 and @entity914 . However, we found no significant differences in mean pharmaceutical costs (p = .12) but a marginal difference of mean infrastructure costs (p = .05) between @entity161 and @entity914 . We found neither a common decrease of costs over time nor a differential decrease in @entity161 and @entity914 . CONCLUSION: We found evidence for a difference of case related costs of inpatient treatments for paranoid @entity161 and @entity914 . The differences in mean total costs seem to be primarily related to the mean personnel costs in @entity1 with paranoid @entity161 and @entity914 rather than mean pharmaceutical costs, possibly due to higher personnel effort and infrastructure.

title: Evidence for Distinguishable Treatment Costs among Paranoid Schizophrenia and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'SZ', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['SAD', 'schizoaffective disorder']

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['Schizoaffective Disorder']


abstract: Mistletoe (Viscum album L.) extracts (ME) have been shown to exhibit a bell-shaped curve of immunological efficacy and mistletoe lectins (MLs) were found to play an important role in this phenomenon. The aim of present in vivo study was to investigate the acute- and long-term effect of a standardized ME (Iscador M special) on thymocyte subpopulations and peripheral T cells using a @entity19 (Balb/c) model. In thymus @entity1961 -CD8- double negative (DN), @entity1961 +CD8+ double positive (DP), @entity1961 + or CD8+ single positive T cells were determined 24 h after a single injection or following a long-term treatment (twice a week for 4 weeks) with three different dilutions of ME which are corresponding to 4.5 ng/ kg, 22.5 ng/kg and 112.5 ng/kg doses of MLs. The apoptosis of the thymocytes was also tested by flow cytometry using @entity10440 and @entity2667 . 24 h after a single injection of ME only the lowest dose caused in the blood samples an elevated @entity1961 +/CD8+ ratio and in thymus an enhanced proliferation of DN thymocytes indicating a similar bell-shaped curve of immunological efficacy. After a treatment for four weeks these responses were less intensive indicating that none of the three doses are immunologically optimal. Surprisingly, both in the acute and in the long-term trial only the lower doses induced significant enhancements in the ratio of apoptotic thymocytes. In addition, ME inhibited the @entity619 (DX)-induced @entity14485 cell count in thymus, as well as the DX-induced decrease of @entity1961 + ratio and @entity1961 + cell level in peripheral blood. These in vivo results suggest that investigation of thymocytes in vivo can be helpful in the immunological dose-finding since standardized ME is able to modulate the proliferation and apoptosis of thymocytes with a bell-shaped curve of efficacy. In addition, ME may act lymphoprotectively during DX treatment.

title: Investigation of the effect of mistletoe (Viscum album L.) extract Iscador on the proliferation and apoptosis of XXXX thymocytes.

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity14485 :: ('MESH:D005671', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of DN']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The present study investigated the relationship between Antonovsky's sense of coherence (SOC) and well-being in a sample of Flemish elderly. In addition, the mediating role of Erikson's developmental task of integrity versus despair was examined in the relationship between SOC, @entity308 , and life satisfaction. METHOD: Data on sociodemographic variables, SOC, @entity308 , life satisfaction, ego-integrity, and despair were collected. In total, 100 older @entity1 with a mean age of 76.5 years participated. Mplus was used to test the mediating role of integrity and despair in the relationship between SOC and both life satisfaction and @entity308 . RESULTS: A positive relationship between SOC and well-being was found. More precisely, elderly individuals with a strong SOC experienced @entity308 and higher levels of satisfaction with their life. In addition, mediation analysis indicated that the relationship between SOC and @entity308 was partially mediated by the positive resolution of the integrity-despair crisis, whereas the relationship between SOC and life satisfaction was fully mediated by integrity and despair. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that SOC might be a resource for greater well-being in the elderly. Furthermore, our study offers a partial explanation for the relations found and points to the importance of finding integrity and resolving despair in this stage of life.

title: Sense of coherence, depressive feelings and life satisfaction in older XXXX : a closer look at the role of integrity and despair.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression', 'less depressive symptoms']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: Our objective was to determine the efficacy of adenoviral-mediated gene therapy with wild-type @entity876 or @entity994 in @entity1 @entity0 cells and investigate interactions with radiation and chemotherapy. Two @entity1 @entity0 cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435, both with @entity876 mutations, were transduced with adenoviral vectors containing wild-type @entity876 (Ad5 @entity2834 - @entity876 ) or @entity994 /WAF1/Cip1 (Ad5 @entity2834 - @entity994 ), and the effects on growth were determined. Infection was combined with low-dose (1.4 - 3.7 Gy) irradiation to see if this would improve transduction efficiency and enhance numbers of cells killed. Transduction with either vector resulted in expression of p21WAF1/cip1 and growth inhibition, although Ad5 @entity2834 - @entity876 transduction produced greater growth inhibition than did Ad5 @entity2834 - @entity994 . The cell lines differed in sensitivity to the vectors. The Ad5 @entity2834 - @entity876 vector in a multiplicity of @entity281 (MOI) of 125 resulted in 50% to 80% inhibition of MDA-MB-231, while MOI 250 of the same vector resulted in 27% inhibition of MDA-MB-435. Infection with Ad5 @entity2834 - @entity994 produced modest growth inhibition in both cell lines (< or = 40% at MOI 200), although protein expression was detected at lower viral doses. Low dose gamma-irradiation (1.4 to 3.7 Gy) was used to try and improve the rate of gene transfer. Modest increases in transduction efficiency and duration of expression of a vector containing beta-galactosidase occurred in irradiated @entity0 cells. Radiation 24 hr before transduction with Ad5 @entity2834 - @entity876 increased the proportions of apoptotic MDA-MB-231 cells. The cells transduced with Ad5 @entity2834 - @entity994 were arrested in G1, yet when they were irradiated before adenoviral transduction, the overexpression of @entity994 protected the cells from the cytotoxic effects of the radiation. Clonogenic assays showed that Ad5 @entity2834 - @entity994 reduced the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 to @entity2879 and @entity1311 . Combining these drugs with Ad5 @entity2834 - @entity876 did not consistently or significantly decrease clonogenic survival.

title: Adenoviral-mediated gene therapy with Ad5CMVp53 and Ad5CMVp21 in combination with standard therapies in XXXX @entity0 cell lines.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intracranial @entity2103 are rare @entity5 . Preoperative diagnosis is @entity922 ( @entity922 , @entity3541 sudden or progressive) and radiological differential diagnosis (petrous @entity3478 , @entity5513 ). Treatment depends on localization and has to be discussed for each case. METHODS: Seven cases (four @entity1 and three @entity1 ) of intracranial @entity2103 were retrospectively studied. RESULTS: Before treatment, we found @entity922 in six cases (two sudden and four progressive), a @entity3541 in five cases (three sudden and two progressive). Five @entity1 had @entity922 and @entity3541 . One @entity1 had only @entity10 . Three @entity808 were supra and intra-petrous, two in the cerebello-pontine angle, and two were plurifocal (petrous bone, internal auditive canal and cerebellopontine angle). Six @entity1 were operated on with an oto-neurosurgical procedure. After treatment, @entity3541 always worsened (requesting secondary hypoglosso-facial @entity254 in cinq cases). Only one case of transmission @entity922 improved after ossiculoplasty. One @entity1 is still under clinical and radiological observation. CONCLUSION: Diagnosis is difficult and made operatively in half of @entity1 . A large @entity5 requires surgery, but surveillance can be a good option for a small one, considering the risk of @entity86 .

title: [Intracranial XXXX . Seven cases reviewed].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis', 'facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['deafness', 'difficult because of non-specific clinical presentations']

answer: @entity2103 :: (MESH:D005155,Disease) :: ['facial nerve schwannomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8083 (BH(4))-sensitive @entity814 ( @entity814 ) can be treated with @entity8083 . We studied metabolic control and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in @entity814 @entity1 treated with @entity8084 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Based on the review of neonatal BH(4) test results and mutation analysis in 41 @entity814 @entity1 , 19 were identified as potentially BH(4)-sensitive (9 females, 10 males, age 4-18 years). We analyzed @entity815 (phe) concentrations in dried blood samples, nutrition protocols, and HRQoL questionnaires (KINDL(  )) beginning from 1 year before, during the first 42 days, and after 3 months of BH(4) therapy. RESULTS: Eight BH(4)-sensitive @entity1 increased their phe tolerance (629    476 vs. 2131    1084 mg, p = 0.006) while maintaining good metabolic control (phe concentration in dried blood 283    145 vs. 304    136  M, p = 1.0). Six of them were able to stop dietary protein restriction entirely. @entity8084 -sensitive @entity1 had average HRQoL scores that were comparable to age-matched healthy @entity1 . There was no improvement in HRQoL scores after replacing classic dietary treatment with @entity8084 supply, although personal reports given by the @entity1 and their parents suggest that available questionnaires are inappropriate to detect aspects relevant to @entity2246 . DISCUSSION: @entity8084 can allow @entity814 @entity1 to increase their phe consumption significantly or even stop dietary protein restrictions. Unexpectedly, this does not improve HRQoL as assessed with KINDL(  ), partly due to high scores even before @entity8084 therapy. Specific questionnaires should be developed for @entity2246 .

title: XXXX (BH4) in @entity814 : effect on dietary treatment, metabolic control, and quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8083 :: ('MESH:C003402', 'Chemical') :: ['sapropterin dihydrochloride', 'Tetrahydrobiopterin']

entities_list: @entity814 :: ('MESH:D010661', 'Disease') :: ['PKU', 'phenylketonuria']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['inborn metabolic disorders']

answer: @entity8083 :: (MESH:C003402,Chemical) :: ['Tetrahydrobiopterin']


abstract: Coenzyme A ( @entity9931 )-transferase ( @entity29709 : @entity598 / @entity4876 : @entity9931 -transferase [ @entity4876 - @entity4323 @entity9931 -transferase] [EC 2.8.3.9]) of @entity19371 is an important enzyme in the metabolic shift between the acid-producing and solvent-forming states of this organism. The purification and properties of the enzyme have recently been described (D. P. Weisenborn, F. B. Rudolph, and E. T. Papoutsakis, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55:323-329, 1989). The genes encoding the two subunits of this enzyme have been cloned by using synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide probes designed from @entity1472 -terminal sequencing data from each subunit of the @entity9931 -transferase. A @entity5999 EMBL3 library of @entity19313 DNA was prepared and screened by using these probes. Subsequent subcloning experiments established the position of the structural genes for @entity9931 -transferase. Complementation of @entity526 ato mutants with the recombinant plasmid pCoAT4 (pUC19 carrying a 1.8-kilobase insert of @entity19313 DNA encoding @entity9931 -transferase activity) enabled the transformants to grow on @entity4876 as a sole @entity505 source. Despite the ability of @entity9931 -transferase to complement the ato defect in @entity526 mutants, Southern blot and Western blot (immunoblot) analyses showed that neither the @entity19313 genes encoding @entity9931 -transferase nor the enzyme itself shared any apparent homology with its @entity526 counterpart. Polypeptides of Mr of the purified @entity9931 -transferase subunits were observed by Western blot and maxicell analysis of whole-cell extracts of @entity526 harboring pCoAT4. The proximity and orientation of the genes suggest that the genes encoding the two subunits of @entity9931 -transferase may form an operon similar to that found in @entity526 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cloning and expression of @entity19371 acetoacetyl-coenzyme A: XXXX / @entity4876 :coenzyme A-transferase in @entity526 .

entities_list: @entity4323 :: ('MESH:C016635', 'Chemical') :: ['acetoacetate']

entities_list: @entity4876 :: ('MESH:D002087', 'Chemical') :: ['butyrate']

entities_list: @entity5999 :: ('10710', 'Species') :: ['bacteriophage lambda']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity19313 :: ('1488', 'Species') :: ['C. acetobutylicum']

entities_list: @entity19371 :: ('272562', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824']

entities_list: @entity29709 :: ('MESH:C010667', 'Chemical') :: ['acetoacetyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity598 :: (CHEBI:47622,Chemical) :: ['acetate']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine if independent central pattern generating elements controlling the legs in bipedal and unipedal locomotion is a viable theory for locomotor propulsion in @entity1 . Coordinative coupling of the limbs could then be accomplished through mechanical interactions and ipsilateral feedback control rather than through central interlimb neural pathways. Pedaling was chosen as the locomotor task to study because interlimb mechanics can be significantly altered, as pedaling can be executed with the use of either one leg or two legs (cf. walking) and because the load on the limb can be well-controlled. Subjects pedaled a modified bicycle ergometer in a two-legged (bilateral) and a one-legged (unilateral) pedaling condition. The loading on the leg during unilateral pedaling was designed to be identical to the loading experienced by the leg during bilateral pedaling. This loading was achieved by having a trained @entity1 "motor" pedal along with the subject and exert on the opposite crank the torque that the subject's contralateral leg generated in bilateral pedaling. The @entity1 "motor" was successful at reproducing each subject's one-leg crank torque. The shape of the motor's torque trajectory was similar to that of subjects, and the amount of work done during extension and flexion was not significantly different. Thus the same @entity121 pattern would allow subjects to pedal successfully in both the bilateral and unilateral conditions, and the afferent signals from the pedaling leg could be the same for both conditions. Although the overall work done by each leg did not change, an 86% decrease in retarding (negative) crank torque during limb flexion was measured in all 11 subjects during the unilateral condition. This corresponded to an increase in integrated electromyography of tibialis anterior (70%), rectus femoris (43%), and @entity427 (59%) during flexion. Even given visual torque feedback in the unilateral condition, subjects still showed a 33% decrease in negative torque during flexion. These results are consistent with the existence of an inhibitory pathway from elements controlling extension onto contralateral flexion elements, with the pathway operating during two-legged pedaling but not during one-legged pedaling, in which case flexor activity increases. However, this centrally mediated coupling can be overcome with practice, as the @entity1 "motor" was able to effectively match the bilateral crank torque after a longer practice regimen. We conclude that the sensorimotor control of a unipedal task is affected by interlimb neural pathways. Thus a task performed unilaterally is not performed with the same @entity121 utilized in a @entity558 , even if such coordination would be equally effective in the execution of the unilateral task.

title: Sensorimotor state of the contralateral leg affects ipsilateral XXXX of pedaling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['bipedal condition']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['biceps femoris']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle coordination']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle coordination']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the ability of 2 different antepartum testing modalities to predict infectious morbidity in @entity1 with preterm premature @entity397 . STUDY DESIGN: During a 36-month period, @entity1 with preterm premature @entity397 (at 23 to 34 weeks of gestation) were randomly assigned to either a daily nonstress test or a biophysical profile, after a 24-hour observational period. We used the original scoring system of Manning et al for the biophysical profile, with a score of </=6 considered abnormal. Nonstress test results were considered abnormal if the test was nonreactive or if the @entity1 had late decelerations or significant variable decelerations; abnormal results led to further evaluation with a biophysical profile. Results of the last test before delivery were evaluated to determine whether @entity166 had been predicted. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-five @entity1 were enrolled in the study. Demographics, pregnancy characteristics, and neonatal outcomes were similar. Neither the daily nonstress test nor the daily biophysical profile had good sensitivity for predicting @entity166 (39.1% and 25.0%, respectively). However, both had good specificity (84.6% and 92.6%, respectively). Positive and negative predictive values were 52.9% and 75.9%, respectively, for the daily nonstress test and 66.7% and 68.4%, respectively, for the daily biophysical profile. Cost was significantly higher in the daily biophysical profile group. Nonstress testing of @entity1 at <28 weeks' gestation generally required a backup biophysical profile. CONCLUSION: Neither the daily nonstress test nor the daily biophysical profile had good sensitivity for predicting @entity166 after preterm premature @entity397 .

title: A randomized clinical trial of daily nonstress testing versus biophysical profile in the management of preterm premature XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of membranes']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture of membranes']


abstract: LPS administration and @entity548 are frequently used models for the in vivo study of the stress response. Both challenges stimulate cytokine production as well as activate opiate and neuro-endocrine pathways; which in turn modulate the inflammatory process. Differences in the magnitude and tissue specificity of the proinflammatory cytokine and neuro-hormonal responses to these stressors are not well established. We contrasted the tissue specificity and magnitude of the increase in circulating and tissue cytokine ( @entity310 , @entity1192 and @entity1356 ) content in response to either fixed-pressure @entity548 (approximately 40 mm Hg) followed by fluid resuscitation ( @entity13517 ) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 microg/100 g BW) administration. LPS and @entity13517 elevated circulating levels of @entity310 , while neither stress altered circulating @entity1192 and IL-beta. LPS-induced increases in @entity310 content were greater than those elicited by @entity13517 in all tissues studied except for the lung, where both stressors produced similar increases. Tissue (lung, spleen and heart) content of @entity1192 was increased by @entity13517 but was not affected by LPS. Tissue (lung, spleen, and heart) content of @entity1356 was increased by LPS but was not affected by @entity13517 . @entity13517 produced greater increases than LPS in @entity1425 (16- vs. 4-fold) and @entity1063 (4-fold vs. 60%) levels and similar elevations in @entity4545 . LPS produced greater elevation in @entity2819 levels (2-fold) than @entity13517 (50%). These results suggest differential tissue cytokine modulation to @entity13517 and LPS, both with respect to target tissue and cytokine type. The hormonal milieu to @entity13517 is characterized by marked catecholaminergic and moderate glucocorticoid while that of LPS is characterized by marked glucocorticoid with moderate catecholaminergic influence.

title: Differential effects of XXXX and LPS on tissue @entity310 , @entity1192 and associate neuro-hormonal and opioid alterations.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: @entity460 is present in amphibian blood at a concentration similar to that in other vertebrates, about 1-2 mmol l-1. The fraction of free @entity460 in amphibians is lower than that in other tetrapod vertebrates because about 50% of the plasma @entity141 is bound to plasma proteins and perhaps other molecules. Plasma [ @entity141 ] varies seasonally, increasing in spring and summer and decreasing in winter. Changes in plasma [ @entity141 ] also occur during larval development, as the concentration of this ion increases in larval forms as they approach metamorphosis. @entity460 is exchanged at a variety of sites in animals. There is evidence for @entity141 uptake across the skin and gills of larval anurans. It is also transported into the blood from the small intestine (especially the duodenum) and reabsorbed in renal tubules from the glomerular filtrate. The possibility of @entity141 absorption from urine stored in the urinary bladder has not been confirmed, however. @entity460 is stored in bone and in specialized endolymphatic sacs. This @entity141 can be mobilized when the need arises. There are a number of endocrine and other humoral factors that appear to be involved in amphibian @entity460 metabolism. These include @entity461 , @entity175 , @entity560 and prolactin.

title: Amphibian XXXX metabolism.

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['parathyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Glucocorticoids commonly cause drug-induced @entity6 . This association is well recognized but available evidence does not answer clinically relevant issues in subjects without @entity6 . METHODS: Thirty-five individuals without @entity6 with a recent diagnosis of @entity981 or @entity1893 on high-dose glucocorticoid therapy were studied. Close systematic monitoring of fasting and postprandial glycemia and fasting insulin determinations, HOMA-insulin resistance and HOMA b-cell function were performed. The primary objective was to define the incidence of secondary @entity6 in @entity1 treated with high-dose glucocorticoids. Secondary objectives were to specify the intensity, the moment it appears and the evolution of @entity4854 , in addition to the risk factors, mechanisms and impact of continuous and cyclical glucocorticoids on the development of @entity4854 . RESULTS: Mean age of @entity1 was 38.4        18.7  years. The incidence of @entity6 was 40.6% and was found after the first week; half the time it occurred between the second and fourth. Two-thirds spontaneously normalized by eight weeks. Continuous glucocorticoid administration had a higher incidence of fasting @entity4854 (P   =   0.003). Mean peak insulin levels were significantly higher in cases of @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: High-dose @entity229 for 2 to 3  months produced an elevated incidence of @entity6 , usually with mild @entity4854 occurring between the second and fourth week, normalizing spontaneously in all cases. @entity4854 was more frequent with continuous doses and occurred in cases with @entity1720 . The clinical and therapeutic characteristics of our @entity1 , who were otherwise healthy, could represent the clinical setting of many @entity1 with illness from other medical areas that might require high doses of GC for six to twelve weeks.

title: XXXX related to high-dose glucocorticoid use in noncritically ill @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['increased insulin resistance']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['Hyperglycemia']


abstract: At least 25% of @entity0 @entity1 develop distant @entity3 . In spite of increasingly sophisticated palliative therapies, the survival time of @entity1 with @entity3 did not appear to be significantly prolonged during the last 25 years (19-32 months following diagnosis) and 95% of them die from @entity3 . Therefore, it seems appropriate that the therapeutic risk/benefit ratio and impact on quality of life should be reassessed when asymptomatic @entity1 are treated. Surgical treatment and pulmonary resection for @entity3 has been proven a valuable therapeutic concept for a variety of @entity5 . Three epidemiologically comparable collectives out of a total of 125 @entity1 from our clinic were treated for isolated @entity358 following @entity0 (observation period: 1977-1997). Complete data sets could be established for 96 @entity1 and were retrospectively analyzed following stratification into three groups according to their surgical therapy. Twenty-eight @entity1 underwent complete resection (K), 34 had incomplete resections (I) and 34 had no surgical intervention for lung @entity3 (N). Comparison of the three therapy arms concerning stage, histology and receptor levels of the @entity5 , number of @entity3 , and the disease-free interval yielded no significant differences between groups K, I and N. @entity1 after complete resection of isolated lung @entity3 (group K) had a mean survival of 79 months (5-year survival 80%, 10-year survival 60%). This was significantly better than groups I and N (P < 0.00002). The mean survival of groups I and N was not significantly different (15.5 and 9 months respectively). The disease-free interval after operation of the @entity5 had no impact on the survival of group K, but showed a high correlation with the survival of group N (R2 = 0.81). Complete resection of isolated pulmonary @entity3 from @entity0 results in marked prolongation of survival with a low morbidity rate. Hence, routine chest X-ray should be considered an indispensable part of the oncological aftercare in @entity0 @entity1 .

title: [Significant extension of survival by complete resection of isolated lung XXXX after @entity0 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the breast', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: Immunohistochemical analysis of @entity11728 ( @entity11728 ) isoform expression in perinatal and adult @entity35 diaphragm muscles was performed with antibodies which permitted the identification of all known @entity11728 isoforms found in typical @entity35 muscles. Isoform switching, leading to the emergence of the adult phenotype, was more complex than had been previously described. As many as four isoforms could be coexpressed in a single myofiber. Elimination of developmental isoforms did not usually result in the myofiber immediately achieving its adult phenotype. Activation of genes for specific adult isoforms might be delayed to puberty. For example, two of the three fast MHCs, MHC2X and MHC2A appeared perinatally, while MHC2B did not appear until 30 days postnatal. By Day 60 this isoform was present in approximately 27% of the myofibers, but in most myofibers expression of this isoform was transient (i.e., at Day greater than or equal to 115, less than 4% of the myofibers expressed MHC2B). Fibers which contained @entity11728 beta/slow during the late fetal and early neonatal period coexpressed MHCemb. A marked increase in the frequency of fibers containing @entity11728 beta/slow occurred between 4 and 21 days postnatal. These slow fibers arose from a population of myofibers which expressed MHCemb and MHCneo during their development, and they accounted for the majority of slow fibers found in the adult diaphragm. The adult myosin phenotype of the diaphragm myofibers (as determined with immunocytochemistry, and 5% @entity214 -PAGE) was not achieved until the @entity35 was greater than or equal to 115 days old.

title: Emergence of the mature myosin phenotype in the XXXX diaphragm muscle.

entities_list: @entity11728 :: ('MESH:D006362', 'Disease') :: ['myosin heavy chain', 'MHC']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity7318 ( @entity7318 ) stimulates metabolic activity. The purpose of this study was to examine whether it is involved in the aging process by increasing oxidative stress. Inorganic @entity2627 and lipid @entity2627 were measured in kidney and liver samples in dwarf @entity19 that are deficient in @entity7318 , prolactin and thyrotropin and in @entity19 that produce high levels of @entity7318 . In normal male @entity19 , there was an increase in inorganic @entity2627 in the kidney with age. Levels were lower in old male dwarfs when compared with normal male @entity19 of similar age. Unexpectedly, concentrations of inorganic @entity2627 were frequently lower in transgenic male and female @entity19 expressing extra copies of @entity7318 than in normal controls. Lipid @entity2625 concentrations were more variable. Transgenic animals expressing @entity291 GH had the highest levels of lipid @entity2627 . In dwarfs, kidney levels were similar to those of normal @entity19 but concentrations in the liver were more variable. This study does not indicate that the decrease in life span in @entity19 producing high levels of @entity7318 is due to an increase of oxidative stress. Rather, it suggests that expression of extra copies of the @entity7318 gene may lead to a compensatory increase in antioxidant protection.

title: Oxidative stress in hypopituitary dwarf @entity19 and in XXXX overexpressing human and @entity291 GH.

entities_list: @entity2627 :: ('MESH:D010545', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxides']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['transgenic mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: Primary @entity1119 is an excessive sweating due to an overactive sympathetic system. Our objective was to test the feasibility and provide early data on the safety/efficacy of CT-guided sympatholysis, for primary @entity1119 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine consecutive @entity1 with axillary-palmar @entity1119 were treated between 2013 and 2015. CT-guided sympathetic block was performed in the outpatients at @entity6402 , @entity6402 , and T-4, bilaterally using @entity285 under local anesthesia. Immediate postprocedure CT was obtained to assess the complications as per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4. Technical success and clinical success were recorded. Primary and secondary efficacy were assessed by phone and clinical visits; mean follow-up was 12  months (6-26  months). Descriptive statistics was used to report the outcomes. RESULTS: One procedure was aborted due to @entity1736 after @entity3303 injection. All other eight @entity1 (5:3, F:M) (median age 32) had immediate cessation of sweating. Two major complications (pneumothorax, one requiring a chest tube) occurred. Two @entity1 recurred with unilateral and one with bilateral symptoms. One of the unilateral recurrence and the bilateral recurrence @entity1 was retreated successfully. Median follow-up was 1  year. No cases of @entity4820 were observed. CONCLUSIONS: CT-guided @entity167 sympatholysis for axillary/palmar primary @entity1119 is feasible. Technical failure rate was 11  %. Primary and secondary efficacy are 75 and 94  %, respectively, to a median follow-up of 1 year. Risk profile appears favorable. Despite a small sample size, results confirm feasibility and encourage a larger study.

title: CT-Guided, Ethanol Sympatholysis for Primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['eyelid ptosis']

entities_list: @entity4820 :: ('MESH:D006732', 'Disease') :: ["Horner's or compensatory hyperhidrosis"]

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['Axillary-Palmar Hyperhidrosis']