abstract: Arterial infusion of @entity1487 either alone or in combination with supervoltage radiation achieves a definite objective improvement in @entity1 with @entity172 -resistant @entity263 . This improvement has been documented by a decrease in @entity5 size, improvement in intravenous pyelograms, and a change in @entity5 grade from undifferentiated to well differentiated. The quality of life in each case has been good, with 45 per cent of the @entity1 treated in this category currently alive and well. The use of protracted arterial infusion of @entity1487 in @entity1 with stage C and D @entity150 has had an even more satisfying outcome. Of those @entity1 treated, 90 per cent are still alive and free of disease from six to sixty-six months. Eight of the @entity1 have survived over two years with an excellent quality of life. A long-term outpatient infusion program is necessary to achieve these good results. It is also difficult and time-consuming. In addition to having well trained paramedical personnel constantly available, the @entity1 must live within a reasonable radius of the treatment center so they can be treated almost immediately if problems develop. A fairly large number of @entity1 must be treated in order to develop familiarity with the technics and to maintain a level of proficiency.

title: Use of arterial infusion of @entity1487 either alone or in combination with supervoltage radiation as a treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the prostate and bladder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of full correction of the retinoscopic measurements done in cycloplegia in two groups of @entity1 with intermittent @entity5770 (IE) and decompensating @entity5770 (DE), respectively. @entity1 AND METHODS: 58 @entity1 (n = 29 each of IE and DE) fulfilled the inclusion criteria: retinoscopy in cycloplegia, follow-up of at least 6 weeks, age more than 2.5 years and reliable visual acuity. Exclusion criteria were all forms of secondary and constant @entity5770 , A-V incomitance of high amount and eyes with @entity4457 (visual acuity in far distance < 0.5). The age median of refractometry was not higher in @entity1 with IE compared to those with DE: 7.4 (3.10; 47.8) vs. 7.3 (3.8; 40.11) years, p = 0.33. Glasses were prescribed in any case of @entity1714 and @entity940 as well as in @entity3467 of > + 0.5 dpt. RESULTS: Mean refraction of both eyes (mean value of spherical equivalent of both eyes) was higher for IE compared to DE: 0.7 +/- 1.8 (- 5.13; + 4.75) vs. 0.1 +/- 1.7 (- 5.25; + 2.5) dpt, p = 0.9. Visual acuity improved in both groups significantly: median of visual acuity in IE: 0.9 (0.3; 1.25) vs. 1.1 (0.5; 1.25), p = 0.02; in DE: 1.0 (0.4: 1.25) vs. 1.0 (0.6; 1.25), p = 0.03. Considering only @entity1 aged over 7 years the difference stayed significant only in the group of DE: IE: median 1.0 (0.5; 1.25) to 1.0 (0.5; 1.25), p = 0.2; DE: median 1.0 (0.8; 1.25 to 1.0 (0.8; 1.25): visual acuity was nearly always 1.0 and better, p = 0.009. In hyperopic @entity1 a significant improvement of visual acuity could be seen: in IE from median 0.9 (0.3; 1.25) to 1.1 (0.5; 1.25), p = 0.02 , in DE visual acuity: median 1.0 (0.4; 1.25) to 1.1 (0.6: 1.25), p = 0.02, as well as stereoacuity improved significantly: median 60 (30; 240)'' vs. 60 (15; 240)'', p = 0.03. In @entity1 aged over 7 years the improvement was no longer significant in IE: p = 0.7, but stayed significant in DE: p = 0.03. There was no significant change of the angle deviation in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of this study, full correction of @entity2516 in IE and DE leads to an improvement of the visual acuity mainly due to correction of @entity1714 and @entity940 , but not to a better compensation of the angle deviation.

title: [How useful is the prescription of glasses in intermittent @entity5770 and decompensating XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity5770 :: ('MESH:D005099', 'Disease') :: ['exotropia', 'exophoria']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive errors']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity5770 :: (MESH:D005099,Disease) :: ['exophoria']


abstract: <AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Increased density of fast food restaurants is associated with increased prevalence of obesity in devel @entity28 untries. However, less is known about this relationship in developing countries undergoing rapid urbanization and how differences in neighbourhood income affect the patronage of fast food outlets. The purpose of the study is to explore the differences in fast food preferences, perceptions, and patronage between Indians living in high- and low-income neigh @entity258 cross-sectional study recruited 204 men and women (3 @entity1 o 65 @entity1 in age) from high- and low-income neigh @entity258 questionnaire on fast food consumption. The questionnaire asked participants to @entity1 food and to provide reasons for and frequency of visits to fast food restaurants. The differences were analyzed using Chi square and t-tests for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. RESULTS: Participants fro @entity1 ome neighbourhood were more likely to perceive Western -style fast food as fast food, while people from the @entity1 come neigh @entity258 y to identify food sold by street vendors as fast food (p <0.001). Furthermore, compared to participants fro @entity1 ncome neighbourhood, people from the @entity1 come neigh @entity258 y to report buying food from street vendors while less likely to dine out at both fast food and non-fast food restaurants (p<0.001). Although the high-income neighbourhood group was more likely to report enjoying eating at fast food restaurants than their low-income neigh @entity258 here were no significant differences in the reasons for visiting fast food restaurants (convenience, price, social enjoyment, and quality of meals) between the two groups. Both groups preferred home cooked over restaurant meals, and they recognized that home cooked food was healthier. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, consumption of fast food was low. People from a hi @entity1 ome neighbourhood dined out more frequently and were more likely to perceive Western-style food as fast food compared to their counterparts from the low-income neigh @entity258

title: Differences in perceptions and fast food eating behaviours between Indians living in high- and XXXX of Chandigarh, India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'people', 'People', 'men']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-income neighbourhood', 'low-income neighbourhoods']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity258 :: (MESH:D009800,Disease) :: ['low-income neighbourhoods']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Increased risk for @entity14 ( @entity14 ) has been associated with type 2 @entity6 . Despite several studies linking @entity2690 resistance to increased @entity14 risk, there are limited data on @entity2513 in @entity6 @entity1 . We hypothesized that @entity6 @entity1 would have increased rates of @entity2513 relative to a group of nondiabetic @entity1 . METHODS: @entity2513 rates were determined in 100 @entity172 -negative @entity1 with @entity6 and compared with 500 nondiabetic, @entity172 -negative controls. @entity652 were defined as any @entity652 or advanced @entity652 (villous or tubulovillous features, size >1 cm or high-grade @entity1141 ). A multivariate model including age, race, @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity1007 , body mass index, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug status was used to determine the independent effects of @entity6 on @entity2513 . RESULTS: @entity6 as compared with nondiabetics had greater rates of any @entity652 (37%vs 24%, p= 0.009) and advanced @entity652 (14%vs 6%, p= 0.009). Two hundred forty-five @entity28 subjects compared with 355 nonobese subjects had a higher rate of any @entity652 (32%vs 22%, p= 0.001). Obese @entity6 compared with nonobese, nondiabetics had greater rates of any @entity652 (42%vs 23%, p< or = 0.001) and advanced @entity652 (19%vs 7%, p< or = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that @entity652 and advanced @entity652 were independently predicted by @entity6 (p < 0.05) and @entity652 by age. DISCUSSION: @entity1 with @entity6 had higher rates of @entity2513 as compared with lean and nondiabetic @entity1 . This finding adds to the evidence that type 2 @entity6 is an important factor in the progression of the @entity2513 sequence.

title: @entity6 : the impact on @entity2513 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma', 'Adenomas']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'Diabetics', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenoma risk', 'adenoma-carcinoma', 'colorectal adenomas', 'colorectal adenoma incidence', 'Colorectal adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Double stranded chromosomal breaks are repaired by homologous recombination or nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). When broken chromosome ends are fused together by NHEJ, the resulting dicentric chromosomes can be detected as anaphase bridges during the subsequent mitosis. Telomeres in the absence of functional telomerase shorten, became unprotected, and are eventually recognized by the cell repair system as double stranded breaks. As result, chromosomes of @entity958 plants that are deficient in the gene for @entity36834 ( @entity36834 ) are prone to chromosome fusions. We use @entity958 @entity36834 -/- mutants as a model system for analyzing terminal chromosome fusions. Here we report a novel and sensitive cytogenetic assay for the identification and characterization of chromosome-terminal fusion events by employing fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with multiple probes and a repeated hybridization approach. A mixture of chromosome-specific subtelomeric probes is applied successively in 3 FISH reactions to the slides containing mitotic anaphase figures with anaphase bridges. Each figure is registered by a CCD camera after each in situ hybridization procedure. By comparing the signals presented on the bridge in successive images the assessment of the particular chromosome arms involved in fusion is possible. This experimental setup enables unambiguous identification of individual chromosome ends employed in fusion events.

title: Identification of chromosomal fusion sites in XXXX mutants using sequential bicolour BAC-FISH.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity36834 :: ('831548(Tax:3702)', 'Gene') :: ['TERT', 'tert', 'telomerase reverse transcriptase']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: Neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DC) are phenotypically and functionally related phagocytes whose presence in infected tissues is critical to host survival. Their overlapping expression pattern of surface molecules, the differentiation capacity of monocytes, and the presence of monocyte subsets underscores the complexity of understanding the role of these cells during infection. In this study we use five- to seven-color flow cytometry to assess the phenotype and function of monocytes recruited to Peyer's patches (PP) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) after @entity5746 of @entity19 . The data show that @entity18901 (high)Gr-1(int) (intermediate) monocytes, along with @entity18901 (int)Gr-1(high) neutrophils, rapidly accumulate in PP and MLN. The monocytes have increased @entity8200 and costimulatory molecule expression and, in contrast to neutrophils and DC, produce @entity13633 . Although neutrophils and monocytes from infected @entity19 produce @entity637 and @entity635 upon ex vivo culture, DC do not. In addition, although recruited monocytes internalize Salmonella in vitro and in vivo they did not induce the proliferation of OT-II CD4(+) T cells after coincubation with Salmonella expressing OVA despite their ability to activate OT-II cells when pulsed with the OVA(323-339) peptide. We also show that recruited monocytes enter the PP of infected @entity19 independently of the mucosal address in @entity29970 (MAdCAM-1). Finally, recruited but not resident monocytes increase in the blood of orally infected @entity19 , and @entity8200 up-regulation, but not @entity637 or iNOS production, occur already in the blood. These studies are the first to describe the accumulation and function of monocyte subsets in the blood and @entity37762 during @entity5746 .

title: Monocyte recruitment, activation, and function in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['oral Salmonella infection']

answer: @entity5746 :: (MESH:D012480,Disease) :: ['oral Salmonella infection']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Theiler's @entity19 @entity1651 virus (TMEV) and @entity35 @entity5240 (RTV), the member of the genus Cardiovirus, are widespread in laboratory @entity19 and @entity35 , and are potential contaminants of biological materials. @entity281 may cause serious complications in biomedical research. To improve the efficiency of routine screening for @entity281 , a duplex real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed for simultaneous detection and differentiation of TMEV and RTV. The duplex assay was specific for reference strains of TMEV and RTV, and no cross-reaction was found with seven other rodent viruses. The limits of detection of both TMEV and RTV were 4*10(1) copies RNA/reaction. Reproducibility was estimated using standard dilutions, with coefficients of variation <3.1%. 439 clinical samples were evaluated by both duplex real-time RT-PCR and conventional RT-PCR. For 439 clinical samples   95 samples were positive for TMEV and 72 samples were positive for RTV using duplex real-time RT-PCR approach, whereas only 77 samples were positive for TMEV and 66 samples were positive for RTV when conventional RT-PCR was applied. @entity325 were found in 20 samples when analyzed by conventional RT-PCR whereas 30 samples were found to be @entity325 when duplex real-time RT-PCR was applied. This duplex assay provides a useful tool for routine health monitoring and screening of contaminated biological materials of these two viruses.

title: Development of a duplex real-time RT-PCR for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of Theiler's @entity19 @entity1651 virus and XXXX @entity5240 .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Cardioviruses infection']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['Mixed infections', 'mixed infection']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To examine the outcome and complications of combined phacoemulsification and endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation as surgical management of @entity231 and @entity726 . DESIGN: Retrospective uncontrolled case series from the @entity726 unit, Western Eye Hospital, London, UK. @entity1 : Sixty-three eyes from 59 @entity1 with coexisting @entity231 and @entity726 . METHODS: @entity1 underwent routine phacoemulsification followed by 270-360 degree endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation as a single procedure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Intraocular pressure, number of intraocular pressure-lowering medications, logMAR visual acuity, recorded complications. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics included mean age (77.3    11.1 years), mean logMAR visual acuity (1.01    0.98), mean intraocular pressure (21.13    6.21 mmHg) and mean number of intraocular pressure-lowering medications, (2.71    1.06). Twelve months after phacoemulsification and endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation, mean intraocular pressure had reduced to 16.09    5.27 mmHg (P < 0.01), number of intraocular pressure-lowering medications reduced to 1.47    1.30 (P < 0.01) and mean logMAR acuity improved to 0.33    0.22 (P < 0.01). Success, defined as an intraocular pressure reduction > 20% with intraocular pressure 6-21 mmHg, was achieved in 55.5% of eyes at 12 months. Complications included fibrinous @entity1596 , @entity2790 and induced @entity940 . CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification and endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation is both safe and effective as surgical management for @entity231 and @entity726 . Larger intraocular pressure reductions can be achieved in older @entity1 and those with higher baseline intraocular pressure.

title: Combining phacoemulsification with endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation to manage @entity231 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intraocular pressure, posterior vitreous detachment']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The epidemiology of @entity989 (CSCR) is not well understood in an Asian population. The present study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors for @entity228 -unrelated CSCR using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. METHODS AND RESULTS: From 2001 to 2006, a total of 786 @entity1 (500 [63.6%] males) who were newly diagnosed with CSCR, aged from 20 to 64 years and had no history of corticosteroid prescription were identified as incident cases of idiopathic CSCR. 3606 age-, gender-, and enrollment time-matched subjects were randomly selected as the control group. The mean annual incidence was 0.21    (0.27    for males, and 0.15    for females; P<0.001), with a male/female ratio of 1.74. The peak incidence was in the 35- to 39-year-old age group (0.30   ), followed by the 40- to 44-year-old age group (0.26   ). Males had a significantly higher mean annual incidence than female only in the middle age groups. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) for potential risk factors of idiopathic CSCR. Only exposure to anti- @entity148 drugs (OR, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-2.44) was found to be independently associated with idiopathic CSCR among males. No risk factors of idiopathic CSCR were found for females. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the nationwide, population-based data on the incidence of idiopathic CSCR in adult Asians, and suggests that exposure to anti- @entity148 drugs is an independent risk factor for idiopathic CSCR among males.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX in Taiwan, 2001-2006: a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy']


abstract: The @entity3392 gastrointestinal system matures in a manner akin to higher vertebrates. We describe nine mutations that perturb development of these organs. Normally, by the fourth day postfertilization the digestive organs are formed, the epithelial cells of the intestine are polarized and express digestive enzymes, the hepatocytes secrete bile, and the pancreatic islets and acini generate immunoreactive insulin and carboxypeptidase A, respectively. Seven mutations cause arrest of intestinal epithelial development after formation of the tube but before cell polarization is completed. These perturb different regions of the intestine. Six preferentially affect foregut, and one the hindgut. In one of the foregut mutations the esophagus does not form. Two mutations cause @entity99 . The pancreas is affected in four mutants, all of which also perturb anterior intestine. The pancreatic exocrine cells are selectively affected in these four mutations. Exocrine precursor cells appear, as identified by @entity43669 expression, but do not differentiate and acini do not form. The pancreatic islets are spared, and endocrine cells mature and synthesize insulin. These gastrointestinal mutations may be informative with regard to patterning and crucial lineage decisions during organogenesis, and may be relevant to @entity6 , @entity154 and disorders of cell proliferation.

title: Mutations affecting development of XXXX digestive organs.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital dysmorphogenesis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic degeneration']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: 1. @entity235 heart tissue suspension hydrolyzes @entity2125 , @entity1110 and NMN, and releases @entity4571 stoichiometrically. 2. Maximum activity was observed at 50 degrees C and the activation energy was 10 kcal/mol. 3. Optimum pH range was 6.2-7.6. 4. Compounds with @entity5536 - @entity8690 moiety increased the enzymatic activity. 5. @entity4571 released during incubation produced reaction nonlinearity. 6. Km for @entity2125 and @entity1110 were about the same; Vmax was higher for @entity2125 . Similar findings have been reported for @entity95 heart. 7. @entity235 enzyme appears to be more sensitive than the @entity95 enzyme to noncompetitive inhibitors. 8. Pyrophosphatase activity was not detected in @entity235 heart in contrast to @entity95 and @entity35 heart preparations.

title: XXXX glycohydrolase activity in @entity235 cardiac tissue.

entities_list: @entity4571 :: ('MESH:D009536', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide', 'Nicotinamide']

answer: @entity2125 :: (MESH:D009243,Chemical) :: ['NAD']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Many @entity1375 subjects receiving @entity1955 ( @entity2016 ) complain of @entity1109 or @entity73 . However, there is limited validated information on these self-reports. DESIGN: Cross-sectional comparison of 20 euthyroid and 34 treated @entity1375 subjects, aged 20-45 years, with normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Subjects underwent the following validated measures: Short Form 36 (SF-36); Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R); Profile of Mood States (POMS); and tests of declarative memory (Paragraph Recall, Complex Figure), working memory (N-Back, Subject Ordered Pointing, Digit Span Backwards), and motor learning (Pursuit Rotor). MAIN OUTCOMES: @entity2016 -treated subjects had higher mean TSH and free T4 levels, but free @entity1954 (T3) levels were comparable to controls. @entity2016 -treated subjects had decrements on SF-36 and SCL-90-R summary scales and subscales. These subjects performed slightly worse on N-Back and Pursuit Rotor tests. Neither TSH nor thyroid hormone levels were associated with performance on @entity73 . CONCLUSIONS: This group of @entity2016 -treated subjects had decrements in health status, @entity73 , and motor learning compared to euthyroid controls. Higher mean TSH levels suggest this may be related to suboptimal treatment, although there were no correlations between TSH levels and outcomes. These findings are limited by potential selection bias, and randomized studies targeting different TSH levels and memory subdomains would clarify these issues.

title: Health status, XXXX , mood, and cognition in @entity1955 -treated @entity1375 subjects.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction', 'psychological function, working memory', 'psychological or cognitive measures']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['L-thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1109 :: (MESH:D012678,Disease) :: ['psychological symptoms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-Q wave @entity583 (non-Q AMI) is related pathophysiologically to Q wave AMI, as each represents different stages of @entity397 and @entity715 . Post-hospital re- @entity1188 and recurrent @entity951 are more frequent in non-Q AMI than in Q wave AMI, offsetting the higher early risk with Q wave AMI, with one-year survival rates similar in the two types of MI. OBJECTIVES: 1--Evaluation of early (< or = 28 days) and one-year total mortality from first non-Q AMI in comparison to QMI. 2--Analysis of recurrent acute ischaemic events ( @entity1459 ) in both types of MI in the same periods of time. POPULATION AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 1146 @entity1 , mean age 65 +/- 13 years, 65% male, admitted at CCU with a first MI, from January 1988 to December 1997 (minimum follow-up period of one year, mean follow-up 42 +/- 37 months). We compared the baseline demographics and clinical characteristics (coronary risk factors, @entity951 , MI evolution, recurrent @entity299 , 28 day mortality and one year mortality) of @entity1 with non-Q AMI (NQ group = 239) and Q wave AMI (Q group = 907). RESULTS: The NQ group @entity1 were significantly older (mean age: 67 +/- 12.6 vs 65 +/- 12.5 years; p < 0.05), included fewer smokers (29% vs 43%; p < 0.001) and were more symptomatic before the index @entity1188 ( @entity5749 : 40% vs 30%; p < 0.05; @entity1459 : 16% vs 6%; p < 0.001), when compared to the Q group @entity1 . There were no significant differences in MI evolution, in Killip-Kimbal class > or = 2, recurrent @entity951 and in-hospital mortality (Q-12% vs NQ-9%; ns), although there was a higher combined risk of @entity943 and AV conduction disturbances in @entity1 with QMI (Q-34% vs NQ-26%; p < 0.05). The combined risk of @entity1459 and reinfarction at one year was significantly higher in group NQ (NQ-13% vs Q-8.1%; p < 0.05). The NQ group showed no significant difference in 28 day total mortality (NQ-14% vs Q-17%; ns) or at one year follow-up (NQ-24% vs Q-26%; ns) when compared to the Q group. CONCLUSION: 1--Despite a lower severity of non-Q AMI in the acute phase, 28 day and one year total mortality were similar in the two groups. 2-- @entity1 with non-Q AMI showed a higher incidence of recurrent @entity63 events at one year follow-up.

title: Survival analysis within one year of first XXXX : comparison between non-Q and Q wave @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['non-fatal reinfarction and unstable angina', 'unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina', 'previous angina']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Malignancies located in the upper middle mediastinum usually do not have a sufficiently large acoustic window to permit a conventional ultrasound guided parasternal biopsy. This study was concerned with an alternative approach whereby ultrasound is applied through the supraclavicular paratracheal window to allow percutaneous biopsy of middle mediastinal @entity5 . METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 who had upper mediastinal @entity5 not in contact with the chest wall underwent real time and Doppler ultrasonographic studies by the supraclavicular approach. None of these @entity5 could be reached by conventional ultrasound guided parasternal biopsy. The ultrasound was scanned downwards through the supraclavicular fossa, along the acoustic window of the paratracheal soft tissue space. Percutaneous aspiration biopsy was performed with a 22 gauge needle under ultrasound guidance. If fine needle aspiration could not obtain an adequate tissue smear an 18 gauge Trucut biopsy was performed to obtain a histological diagnosis. RESULTS: Twelve of 15 mediastinal @entity5 were detected by ultrasound through the supraclavicular approach. These 12 @entity1 underwent percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy under ultrasound guidance. Four of the @entity1 also had a Trucut biopsy because the needle aspirates from the @entity5 were inadequate. The needle had to pass through the jugular veins in four @entity1 who received fine needle aspiration but in none of the @entity1 who required a Trucut biopsy. Definite histological diagnoses were obtained in all 12 of these @entity1 . Ten of the @entity5 were malignant and two benign. None of the @entity1 developed any complication. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound and ultrasound guided biopsy through the supraclavicular paratracheal window provides a new approach for @entity5 located in the upper middle mediastinum, which cannot be reached by conventional ultrasound guided parasternal biopsy. The diagnostic yield of this technique is high and the procedure is relatively safe.

title: Mediastinal XXXX : ultrasound guided biopsy through the supraclavicular approach.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'tumours', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to investigate the radiographic and functional outcome of orthogonal plating (two plates at right angles) via a single volar approach for fixation of @entity7334 with an associated radial column @entity174 . METHODS: In a retrospective, chart-based review, we identified 14 consecutive @entity1 with an intra-articular distal radial @entity174 who had been treated with locked volar plate fixation and an additional radial column plate. Radial column plates were LCP Distal Radius Plates 2.4; volar plates were LCP Distal Radius Plates 2.4 (n=13) or LCP T-plate (n=1). These @entity1 were operated on using the extended @entity1795 carpi radialis (FCR) approach as described by Orbay. Radiographic measurements, healing rates, time to union, complications, range of motion, the Gartland and Werley score, and the QuickDASH questionnaire were done in order to evaluate the radiographic and functional outcomes of this technique. RESULTS: Thirteen of the 14 @entity174 healed within 7 weeks after surgery. Two implant removals were done. One @entity1 had malposition of the @entity174 and @entity923 , which required a second surgery. No other complications (e.g., first dorsal compartment problems, radial plate prominence problems and radial @entity1897 ) were observed. The average length of follow-up was 30 months (range, 12.8 months to 5.4 years). Radiographic results after healing were radial inclination 20  , radial length 11.4mm, tilt 6   volar, ulnar variance -0.5mm, articular gap 0.1mm and step-off 0.1mm. Wrist range of motion was flexion-extension arc 93  , ulnar-radial deviation arc 49   and pronation-supination arc 152  . Nine @entity1 scored 'excellent' on the Gartland and Werley score, while the remaining five @entity1 scored 'good'. The average QuickDASH score was 13.4. CONCLUSION: Additional fixation of a radial column process in an intra-articular @entity174 via the extended FCR approach using a standard volar plate and radial LCP resulted in good/excellent radiographic and functional outcome. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.

title: Orthogonal plating of XXXX with an associated radial column @entity174 via a single volar approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'distal radius fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['sensory nerve problems']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['intra-articular distal radius fractures']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['volar flexor']

answer: @entity7334 :: (MESH:D057072,Disease) :: ['intra-articular distal radius fractures']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy have few therapeutic options other than @entity342 deprivation therapy. Targeted therapies in this group are appropriate because the optimal timing of the initiation of hormonal therapy in this @entity1 population is unknown. A single institution pilot trial was performed using BLP25 liposome vaccine in hormone na  ve @entity1 with @entity1486 failure after radical prostatectomy to determine if @entity1486 progression could be halted. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy were enrolled. Primary end points were efficacy and safety of the @entity2355 BLP25 liposomal vaccine. Changes in @entity1486 doubling time were also evaluated. @entity1 received a single intravenous dose of @entity786 , followed by vaccinations with BLP25 liposome vaccine for up to 1 year. @entity1486 was measured at baseline and during treatment, and @entity1486 doubling time was calculated for these intervals. RESULTS: A total of 16 @entity1 with a median age of 60 years were enrolled. All @entity1 received @entity786 and 15 of 16 completed the primary treatment period. Ten @entity1 completed the maintenance period. After the 8-week primary treatment period 8 of 16 @entity1 had stable or decreased @entity1486 . At the last on-study @entity1486 measurement 1 @entity1 maintained stable @entity1486 but all others had progression. However, 6 of the 16 @entity1 had greater than 50% prolongation of @entity1486 doubling time compared to pre-study @entity1486 doubling time. CONCLUSIONS: BLP25 liposome vaccine shows promise for prolonging @entity1486 doubling time in hormone na  ve @entity1 with biochemical failure after prostatectomy and little morbidity. This could potentially translate into the deferral of hormonal therapy. Further testing in this population of @entity1 is warranted.

title: A pilot study of the liposomal XXXX vaccine BLP25 in @entity1486 failures after radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen', 'Prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity2355 :: (4582,Gene) :: ['MUC1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Perioperative management of oral anticoagulation (OAC) in @entity1 receiving pacemakers or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators remains an issue of concern. OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the safety and the effect on the hospital length of stay of a new standardized protocol for perioperative management of OAC in this setting. METHODS: The new standardized protocol classified @entity1 according to a renewed evaluation of their @entity1031 ( @entity1031 ) risk. Briefly, @entity1 were considered at moderate-to-high @entity1031 risk if they had a mechanical valvular prostheses irrespective of type and location or @entity955 associated with a CHADS(2)score of >= 2, @entity4794 or previous @entity64 , and underwent device implantation without stopping OAC (OAC continued, n = 129). Complete interruption of OAC before surgery was performed in low- @entity1031 -risk @entity1 (OAC interrupted, n = 82). A retrospective cohort of @entity1 managed with a classic heparin-bridging strategy served as a control group, with 62 @entity1 considered at moderate-to-high @entity1031 risk according to previous guidelines (receiving pre- and postoperative low-molecular-weight heparin) and 146 considered at low @entity1031 risk (receiving only low doses of postoperative low-molecular-weight heparin). RESULTS: @entity1031 events were comparable between the 2 strategies. @entity1 entering the new standardized protocol had significantly lower rates of pocket @entity1410 (2.3% for OAC continued vs 17.7% for moderate-to-high @entity1031 risk bridging controls, P = .0001, and 0% for OAC interrupted vs 13% for low- @entity1031 -risk bridging controls, P <.0001) and shorter hospital stays. A mean of 3.34 hospitalization days per @entity1 were saved with the new standardized protocol, with an estimated cost savings of    850.83 per @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Implantation of the new standardized protocol resulted in a significant reduction in @entity548 complications and hospital stays, with adequate protection against @entity1031 events and significant cost savings.

title: Evaluation of a new standardized protocol for the perioperative management of chronically anticoagulated XXXX receiving implantable cardiac arrhythmia devices.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic', 'TE']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We conducted a seroepidemiological survey of zoonotic parasite @entity281 in inhabitants of East Java, Indonesia. The subjects of the survey were 244 @entity1 selected from visitors to Sidoarjo City Hospital in East Java between May 1992 and October 1993. Ninety-seven had @entity294 and the rest came to the hospital for routine check-ups. All serum samples were tested for antibodies against five zoonotic parasites: @entity3204 , @entity2330 , @entity5603 . @entity23699 , and Anisakis species. Tests used were enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), latex agglutination (LA) test, indirect fluorescence antibody (IFA) test, hemagglutination (HA) test, and gel diffusion precipitation ( @entity3006 ) test. Some 64% of the subjects had antibodies to @entity3204 . The prevalence of antibodies to @entity2330 varied from 2 to 15% depending on the test, but the true rate was probably the 7% or 8% obtained by the HA and IFA tests. The proportions of subjects with positive results were 63% for @entity5603 , 17% for A. cantonensis, and 11% for the Anisakis spp. The prevalence of antibodies to @entity3204 and @entity5603 was lower in subjects aged 1 to 9 years than in older subjects, probably because the @entity1 in this group had less time to be infected. Antibody titers to A. cantonensis and the Anisakis spp. were high in the juvenile group, perhaps because recent changes in eating habits have increased opportunities for @entity281 .

title: Seroepidemiology of five major zoonotic parasite XXXX in inhabitants of Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia.

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity5603 :: ('6265', 'Species') :: ['Toxocara canis', 'T. canis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2330 :: ('5759', 'Species') :: ['E. histolytica', 'Entamoeba histolytica']

entities_list: @entity23699 :: ('6313', 'Species') :: ['Angiostrongylus cantonensis']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['T. gondii', 'Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: All @entity1 aged > or = 3 years should have an annual blood pressure (BP) measurement taken during a routine physical examination. Physicians should become familiar with recommended pediatric normative BP tables. BP above the 95th percentile may require drug therapy. There are several categories of antihypertensives available to the clinician. @entity460 channel antagonists (CCAs) are a class of drugs that exert their antihypertensive effect by inhibiting the influx of @entity460 ions across the cell membranes. This results in dilatation of peripheral arterioles. When given orally, CCAs are metabolised in the liver by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme @entity5322 ; hence, some CCAs will affect the half-life of drugs that share this enzyme system for their metabolism. CCAs can be safely used in @entity1 with @entity177 or failure and as a general rule there is no need to modify drug dosage in this population. CCAs are generally well tolerated; most adverse effects appear to be dose related. @entity10 , @entity1671 , @entity344 , and @entity4 of the lower extremities are the most common symptoms reported with the use of CCAs. Pediatric data regarding safety and efficacy of CCAs have mostly been obtained from retrospective analyses. Extended-release @entity594 and @entity3591 are the two most commonly used oral CCAs in the management of pediatric @entity101 . These drugs can be given once a day, although many @entity1 require twice-daily administration. Extended-release @entity594 has to be swallowed whole; hence, its use in younger @entity1 who cannot swallow pills is limited. Amlodipine can be made into a solution without compromising its long duration of action; therefore, it is the CCA of choice for very young @entity1 . Oral short-acting @entity594 and intravenous @entity3360 are safe and effective CCAs for the management of @entity101 crisis in @entity1 . Short-acting @entity594 can cause unpredictable changes in BP; hence, it should be used cautiously and in low doses. Intravenous @entity3360 has a rapid onset of action and a short half-life. Intravenous infusion of @entity3360 can be titrated for effective control of BP. Intravenous @entity3360 has been used safely in hospitalized @entity1 and newborns for the management of @entity101 crisis, and for controlled @entity551 during surgery. CCAs are a class of antihypertensives that are safe and effective in pediatric @entity1 . They have relatively few adverse effects and are well tolerated by @entity1 . This article reviews CCAs as antihypertensives in the management of pediatric @entity101 .

title: A review of @entity460 channel antagonists in the treatment of pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal upset']

entities_list: @entity3360 :: ('MESH:D009529', 'Chemical') :: ['nicardipine']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['Headache']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Loss of @entity1 in longitudinal data collection can affect the validity of outcomes in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) registries. Prior research indicates that demographics and socioeconomic and psychosocial factors contribute to @entity6661 . This study analyzed the characteristics of an @entity309 registry that may contribute to @entity6661 in a hospital-based population. METHODS: Subjects consisted of @entity309 @entity1 enrolled in the Brigham and @entity1 's @entity309 Sequential Study. Demographics and clinical and psychological factors were evaluated in univariate analyses to determine differences between @entity1 who dropped out and those who completed 5 years of followup. Univariate factors with a P value <0.1 were used in a survival analysis to determine significant factors associated with @entity6661 . A secondary analysis looked at @entity1 who dropped out during the first year. RESULTS: A total of 1,144 @entity309 @entity1 were enrolled (509 completed 5 years of followup, 227 were still actively enrolled, and 408 dropped out). The @entity6661 rate was 4.31% per 6-month cycle. Shorter disease duration, higher disease activity (3-variable Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the @entity1851 level), less education, @entity309 drug therapy, and lower @entity625 self-efficacy were statistically significant in multivariate survival analyses. In a secondary analysis, sex and age were the only additional factors found that contributed to @entity6661 . CONCLUSION: The @entity6661 rate for this registry was similar to rates reported by other registries. Shorter disease duration, higher disease activity, and several other socioeconomic factors were associated. @entity1 and younger @entity1 tended to drop out during the first year. Population differences in each registry may result in different @entity6661 patterns and ultimately, each longitudinal registry should consider conducting its own analyses.

title: Factors associated with XXXX in a @entity309 registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Women', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis', 'rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity6661 :: (MESH:D019217,Disease) :: ['attrition']


abstract: There is a growing need for classification systems that can accurately detect and predict @entity626 ( @entity571 ) from plain radiographs. For this purpose, a system based on a support vector machine (SVM) classifier and distances measured between @entity79 ( @entity79 ) texture images was developed and tested in previous work. Unlike other systems, it allows an image classification without the calculation and selection of numerous texture features, and it is invariant to a range of imaging conditions encountered in a routine X-ray screening of knees. Although the system exhibited 85.4% classification accuracy in @entity571 , which was higher than those obtained from other systems, its performance could be further improved. To achieve this, a dissimilarity-based multiple classifier (DMC) system is developed in this study. The system measures distances between @entity79 texture images and generates a diverse ensemble of classifiers using prototype selection, bootstrapping of training set and heterogeneous classifiers. A measure of competence is used to select accurate (i.e. better-than-random) classifiers from the ensemble, which are then combined through the majority voting rule. To evaluate the newly developed system in @entity571 (prediction of @entity571 progression), @entity79 texture images selected on standardised radiographs of healthy and @entity571 (non-progressive and progressive @entity571 ) knees were used. The results obtained showed that the @entity33679 system has higher classification accuracies for the detection (90.51% with 87.65% specificity and 93.33% sensitivity) and prediction (80% with 82.00% specificity and 77.97% sensitivity) than other systems, indicating its potential as a decision-support tool for the assessment of radiographic knee @entity571 .

title: A dissimilarity-based multiple classifier system for XXXX texture in detection and prediction of progression of @entity626 .

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'trabecular bone']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'OA detection']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['trabecular bone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ) and @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) are two of the most common, potentially lethal, cardiac @entity13192 . Treatment strategies for the primary and secondary prevention of life-threatening polymorphic @entity1165 /fibrillation include pharmacotherapy with beta-blockers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators, and left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD). OBJECTIVES: This study sought to report our institutional experience with LCSD using video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). METHODS: From November 2005 through November 2008, 20 @entity1 (8 female, average age at surgery 9.1 +/- 9.7 years, range 2 months to 42 years) underwent LCSD via either a traditional approach (N = 2) or VATS (N = 18). A total of 12 @entity1 had genotype-positive @entity1162 (7 @entity9677 , 2 @entity9678 / @entity9678 ), 2 had JLNS, 4 had genotype-negative @entity1162 , and 2 had CPVT1. Electronic medical records were reviewed for @entity1 selection, perioperative complications, and short-term outcomes. RESULTS: LCSD was performed as a secondary prevention strategy in 11 @entity1 (8 @entity1162 @entity1 , average QTc 549 ms) and as primary prevention in 9 @entity1 (average QTc 480 ms). There were no perioperative complications, including no intraoperative ectopy, no uncontrolled @entity548 , and no VATS cases requiring conversion to a traditional approach. The average length of available follow-up was 16.6 +/- 9.5 months (range 4 to 40 months). Among the 18 @entity1 who underwent VATS-LCSD, the average time from operation to dismissal was 2.6 days (range 1 day to 15 days), the majority being next-day dismissals. Among those receiving LCSD as secondary prevention, there has been a marked reduction in @entity299 . CONCLUSIONS: We present a series of 20 @entity1 with @entity1162 and @entity1165 who underwent LCSD, 18 using VATS. The minimally invasive VATS surgical approach was associated with minimal perioperative complications, including no intraoperative ectopy and excellent immediate and short-term outcomes. Videoscopic denervation surgery, in addition to traditional LCSD, offers a safe and effective treatment option for the personalized medicine required for @entity1 with @entity1162 / @entity1165 .

title: Left cardiac sympathetic denervation for the treatment of XXXX and @entity1165 using video-assisted thoracic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia', 'CPVT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity13192 :: ('MESH:D053447', 'Disease') :: ['channelopathies']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['LQTS', 'Long QT syndrome']

answer: @entity1162 :: (MESH:D008133,Disease) :: ['long QT syndrome']


abstract: AIMS: Although @entity3963 ( @entity3963 ) are a well-known central mediator in @entity1283 , no clinically available @entity3963 antagonist has been tested for preventing @entity1283 . @entity17528 is a novel oral MEK inhibitor that is currently under Phase II and Phase III clinical investigation for advanced solid @entity5 . In this study, we investigated whether @entity17528 could inhibit the aberrant @entity3963 activation of the heart in response to stress as well as prevent @entity1283 . METHODS AND RESULTS: In an in vitro model of PE-induced @entity1283 , @entity17528 significantly inhibited the @entity3963 activation and prevented @entity1283 or reactivation of certain fetal genes. In the pathologic @entity1283 model of ascending aortic constriction, @entity17528 provided significant @entity3963 inhibition in the stressed heart but not in the other organs. This selective @entity3963 inhibition prevented left ventricular (LV) wall thickening, LV mass increase, fetal gene reactivation and cardiac @entity82 . In another distinct physiologic @entity1283 model of a swimming @entity35 , @entity17528 provided a similar anti- @entity1184 effect, except that no significant fetal gene reactivation or cardiac @entity82 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity17528 , a novel oral anti- @entity5 drug with good safety records in a number of Phase II clinical trials, can inhibit @entity3963 activity in the heart and prevent @entity1283 . These promising results indicate that @entity17528 could potentially be used to treat @entity1283 . However, this hypothesis needs to be validated in @entity1 clinical trials.

title: @entity17528 , an Oral Anti-Neoplastic Drug, May Attenuate Cardiac Hypertrophy via Targeting the XXXX Pathway.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['enlargement of cardiomyocytes', 'cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3963 :: ('5594', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular-regulated kinases', 'ERK']

entities_list: @entity17528 :: ('MESH:C517975', 'Chemical') :: ['Selumetinib']

answer: @entity3963 :: (5594,Gene) :: ['ERK']


abstract: @entity355 ( @entity355 ) and associated @entity420 have emerged as a major health care problem over the last two decades. Because of the widespread use of endoscopy, @entity355 is being recognized increasingly in all Western countries. In clinical trials of endoscopic optical coherence tomography (EOCT), we defined certain image features that appear to be characteristic of precancerous ( @entity6349 ) mucosa: decreased scattering and disorganization in the microscopic morphology. The objective of the present work is to develop @entity146 ( @entity146 ) algorithms that aid the detection of @entity1141 in @entity355 . The image dataset used in the present study was derived from a total of 405 EOCT images (13 @entity1 ) that were paired with highly correlated histologic sections of corresponding biopsies. Of these, 106 images were included in the study. The @entity146 algorithm used was based on a standard texture analysis method (center-symmetric auto-correlation). Using histology as the reference standard, this @entity146 algorithm had a sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 74%, and accuracy of 83%. @entity146 has the potential to quantify and standardize the diagnosis of @entity1141 and allows high throughput image evaluation for EOCT screening applications. With further refinements, @entity146 could also improve the accuracy of EOCT identification of @entity1141 in @entity355 .

title: Computer-aided diagnosis of @entity1141 in XXXX using endoscopic optical coherence tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['BE', "Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['computer-aided diagnosis', 'CAD']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: The first objective of the present study was to ask when axons of the fasciculus gracilis reach the nucleus gracilis in the @entity3968 ( @entity3968 ). When Fast Blue (FB) was injected into the lumbar cord on @entity227 ( @entity227 ) 1 and the pups were killed 2 days later, labeled axons were present within a distinct fasciculus gracilis at thoracic and cervical levels of the cord. When comparable injections were made at PD3 or 5 and the pups were allowed to survive for the same time period, a few labeled axons could be followed to the caudal medulla where they were located dorsal to the presumptive nucleus gracilis. In order to verify these observations and to determine if any of the axons which innervate the nucleus gracilis early in development originate within dorsal root ganglia, we also employed cholera toxin @entity346 ( @entity346 ) to label dorsal root axons transganglionically. When @entity346 was injected into the hindlimb on PD1 and the pups were maintained for 1 day prior to death and HRP histochemistry, labeled axons were present within the fasciculus gracilis at thoracic and cervical levels, but they could not be traced into the medulla. When comparable injections were made on PD3, and the pups were maintained for 2 days, labeled axons were present within the caudal medulla. Our second objective was to determine whether axons of the fasciculus gracilis grow through a lesion of their spinal pathway during early development. In one group of animals, the thoracic cord was transected at PD5, 8, 12, 20 and 26 and bilateral injections of Fast Blue (FB) were made four segments caudal to the lesion 30-40 days later. After a 3-5 day survival, the pups were killed and perfused so that the spinal cord and brainstem could be removed and sectioned for fluorescence microscopy. In all of the cases lesioned at PD5, axons of the fasciculus gracilis were labeled rostral to the site of transection and they could be followed to the nucleus gracilis. Evidence for growth of fasciculus gracilis axons into the caudal medulla was also seen in cases lesioned at PD8. In contrast, labeled axons were not observed rostral to the lesion when it was made at PD12 or at later stages of development. In order to verify that some of the axons which crossed the lesion originated within dorsal root ganglia, the thoracic cord was transected at PD5 in another group of animals and 7 days later, injections of @entity346 were made into one of the hindlimbs. After a 3 day survival, labeled axons could be traced through the lesion site and into the caudal medulla. We conclude that axons of the fasciculus gracilis reach the nucleus gracilis by at least PD5 in the opossum and that they grow through a lesion of their spinal pathway when it is made at the same age or shortly thereafter. The critical period for such growth appears to end between PD8 and PD12.

title: Early development and developmental plasticity of the fasciculus gracilis in the @entity3968 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['CT-HRP', 'conjugated to horseradish peroxidase']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['postnatal day', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity3968 :: ('9267', 'Species') :: ['North American opossum', 'Didelphis virginiana']

answer: @entity3968 :: (9267,Species) :: ['Didelphis virginiana']


abstract: @entity1919 ( @entity268 ) regulates a number of cellular processes and modulates cell death induction. @entity268 levels are altered upon stimulation of specific G-protein-coupled receptors inhibiting or activating adenylyl cyclases. Opioid receptor stimulation can activate inhibitory Gi-proteins which in turn block adenylyl cyclase activity reducing @entity268 . Opioids such as @entity41043 induce cell death in @entity1778 cells. However, the mechanism how opioids trigger apoptosis and activate caspases in @entity1778 cells is not understood. In this study, we demonstrate that downregulation of @entity268 induced by opioid receptor activation using the opioid @entity41043 kills and sensitizes @entity1778 cells for @entity632 treatment. Enhancing @entity268 levels by blocking opioid-receptor signaling strongly reduced @entity41043 -induced apoptosis, caspase activation and @entity632 -sensitivity. Induction of cell death in @entity1778 cells by activation of opioid receptors using the opioid @entity41043 depends on critical levels of opioid receptor expression on the cell surface. @entity632 increased opioid receptor expression in @entity1778 cells. In addition, the opioid @entity41043 increased @entity632 uptake and decreased @entity632 efflux in @entity1778 cells, suggesting that the opioid @entity41043 as well as @entity632 mutually increase their cytotoxic potential. Furthermore, we found that opioid receptor activation using @entity41043 alone or in addition to @entity632 inhibits tumor growth significantly in vivo. These results demonstrate that opioid receptor activation via triggering the downregulation of @entity268 induces apoptosis, activates caspases and sensitizes @entity1778 cells for @entity632 treatment. Hence, opioid receptor activation seems to be a promising strategy to improve anticancer therapies.

title: Cell death sensitization of XXXX cells by opioid receptor activation.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin', 'Doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity41043 :: ('CHEBI:6807', 'Chemical') :: ['D,L-methadone']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Several controlled trials have shown that @entity23150 ( @entity23150 ), a direct @entity935 agonist, is active in the treatment of @entity191 . The aim of the present clinical trial was to assess the efficacy of Trivastal 50 mg LP administered as monotherapy in @entity1 naive to treatment with L-dopa. @entity1 AND METHODS: This 3-month multicenter study was conducted in 113 @entity1 (66 @entity1 and 47 @entity1 ), aged 63.1 +/- 0.6 years, with a 2.1 +/- 0.2 year history of @entity191 and a mean Hoehn and Yahr stage of 1.82. @entity400 was the predominant clinical feature in 42 @entity1 ; the 71 others presented with the full @entity191 . Trivastal 50 mg LP doses were increased stepwise, up to doses of 150-250 mg/day at the end of the 3-month study period. @entity1 were clinically assessed at 1, 2 and 3 months using the Webster scale and the HARD @entity308 scale. RESULTS: In the 90 @entity1 who completed the study, @entity400 fell from 1.7 to 1.0 (-41%, p < 0.001), @entity2845 from 1.5 to 0.8 (-47%, p < 0.001) and @entity2003 from 1.3 to 0.9 (-31%, p < 0.001). The 32 @entity1 in whom @entity400 was the predominant feature improved their total score on the Webster scale from 5.8 to 4.7 (-19%, p < 0.05). The 58 @entity1 with the full @entity191 improved their total Webster score from 11.8 to 6.9 (-42%, p < 0.001). The @entity308 score fell from 10.2 to 7.3 (p < 0.001), the most marked improvement being in mood and inhibition. CONCLUSION: Monotherapy with Trivastal 50 mg LP at a mean dose of 200 mg/day is effective on the major symptoms of @entity191 .

title: [Action of XXXX in @entity191 . Multicenter study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['Tremor', 'tremor']

entities_list: @entity23150 :: ('MESH:D010891', 'Chemical') :: ['Trivastal', 'piribedil']

answer: @entity23150 :: (MESH:D010891,Chemical) :: ['piribedil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is evidence to suggest that immigrant populations from low or medium-income countries to high income countries show a significant change in obesogenic behaviors in the host society, and that these changes are associated with acculturation. However, the results of studies vary depending on how acculturation is measured. The objective of this study is to systematically review the evidence on the relationship between acculturation--as measured with a standardized acculturation scale--and overweight/ @entity28 among adult migrants from low/middle countries to high income countries. METHODS: A systematic review of relevant studies was undertaken using six EBSCOhost databases and following the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination's Guidance for Undertaking Reviews in Health Care. RESULTS: The initial search identified 1135 potentially relevant publications, of which only nine studies met the selection criteria. All of the studies were from the US with migrant populations from eight different countries. Six studies employed bi-directional acculturation scales and three used uni-directional scales. Six studies indicated positive general associations between higher acculturation and body mass index (BMI), and three studies reported that higher acculturation was associated with lower BMI, as mainly among @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Despite the small number of studies, a number of potential explanatory hypotheses were developed for these emerging patterns. The 'Healthy Migrant Effect' may diminish with greater acculturation as the host culture potentially promotes more unhealthy weight gain than heritage cultures. This appears particularly so for @entity1 and a rapid form of nutrition transition represents a likely contributor. The inconsistent results observed for @entity1 may be due to the interplay of cultural influences on body image, food choices and physical activity. That is, the Western ideal of a slim female body and higher values placed on physical activity and @entity410 may counteract the obesogenic food environment for female migrants.

title: Acculturation and XXXX among migrant populations in high income countries--a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: The ability of tranilast, a mast cell stabilizer and anti-transforming growth factor(b) (TGF(b)) to improve impaired hepatic functions in @entity380 ( @entity383 )-infected @entity19 , was investigated, providing the first evidence on the ability of tranilast to improve @entity409 due to @entity281 . Tranilast had significant beneficial effects against progression of @entity1575 in @entity383 -infected @entity19 treated with @entity2039 and those untreated. Different aspects of drug activity were investigated. Its effect on serum liver functions was evaluated by estimating: @entity493 aminotransferase, @entity492 aminotransferase, total @entity648 , alkaline phosphatase and albumin. Its effect on the extent of liver @entity82 , through estimation of hepatic @entity720 and hepatic collagen content in liver hydrolysates, was also evaluated. Also, the expression of profibrogenic mediators, such as serum @entity641 ), was estimated. Finally, the effect on @entity383 infection itself was studied, via histopathological examination of liver specimens stained with both @entity1710 - @entity1711 and Masson's trichome stains. Tranilast ameliorated the harmful effects of @entity383 infection on the liver. Such action was manifested in its significant ability to improve impaired hepatic functions, reduce histopathological changes, lower hepatic collagen content and finally reduce serum @entity641 ) levels. The beneficial effect of tranilast may be in part due to its ability to reduce the production of profibrogenic mediators in the infected animals by improving the host immune response or by interfering with critical steps in the fibrogenic cascade.

title: Tranilast ameliorates impaired hepatic functions in @entity380 -infected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic impairment']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomal infection']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity2039 :: ('MESH:D011223', 'Chemical') :: ['praziquantel']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There has been no convincing evidence for a direct relation between @entity1372 intake and being overweight. Therefore, we investigated the independent relationship between overweight and @entity1372 intake in @entity1 subjects. METHODS: Of those aged 19 to 64 years who participated in the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a total of 5955 @entity1 (54% female) were included. Subjects were excluded if they reported unrealistic daily total energy intakes or intentional dietary changes, were pregnant, or were diagnosed with @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity177 , @entity1575 , or @entity1374 . Overweight was defined as having a body mass index of 25 kg/m(2) or higher. @entity1372 intake was calculated from 24-h recall and categorized into quintiles. Multivariate logistic regression was used to test the relationship between @entity1372 intake and being overweight. RESULTS: Compared to @entity1 in the lowest quintile, @entity1 in the 4th and 5th quintiles had an increased risk of being overweight with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.82) and 1.67 (95% CI, 1.23-2.27) respectively, after adjusting for confounding factors including soft drink and energy intake. The P value for trend of ORs in each quintile for @entity1 was 0.0033. In @entity1 , compared to the lowest quintile, the highest quintile had an OR of 1.31(95% CI, 0.96-1.79) and showed a marginally significant trend towards increasing risk of being overweight (P value=.058). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest an independent relationship between high @entity1372 intake and an increased risk of being overweight in adults.

title: Dietary XXXX intake and prevalence of overweight in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'human', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium', 'sodium']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: QUESTIONS: What is the association between mobility and falls risk for @entity1 living in residential aged care? Can the Physical Mobility Scale discriminate between residents at risk of falling and those not at risk? DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal observational study. SETTING: Six residential aged care facilities in Australia. @entity1 : Eighty-seven high- and low-level care permanent residents. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was the number of falls in the six months after the initial mobility assessment. Mobility of all @entity1 was assessed using the Physical Mobility Scale, which includes nine mobility items assessed on a 0-5 scale yielding a total score out of 45. RESULTS: During the six-month study period, 131 falls were reported. Residents with mild @entity73 (Physical Mobility Scale total score 28-36) had the highest fall risk (hazard ratio = 1.98, 95% CI 1.30 to 3.03). Residents with fully dependent mobility (Physical Mobility Scale total score 0-9) had the lowest risk for falls (HR=0.05, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.32). CONCLUSION: Aged care residents with mild @entity73 are at increased risk of falls and are an appropriate target for falls prevention strategies. Although improving the mobility of residents with moderate to severe @entity73 may enhance their independence and reduce their burden on staff, paradoxically this may also increase their risk of falls. When these residents improve enough to progress into a higher category of mobility, physiotherapists should be aware that this may increase the risk of falls and should consider instituting appropriate falls prevention strategies.

title: Mobility has a non-linear association with falls risk among XXXX in residential aged care: an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['mobility impairment']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: @entity18283 ) is implicated in the generation of @entity1 @entity11511 . To directly examine the role of this putative oncogene, an SCL retrovirus was constructed and used to infect a v-ABL transformed T-lymphocyte cell line. Thirteen independent @entity281 and four control cell lines were established and injected subcutaneously into syngeneic @entity19 . @entity19 injected with @entity281 clonal cell lines died significantly more rapidly than control animals. By day 200 46% (40/87) of animals injected with @entity281 cell lines had died due to disseminated @entity5 . In contrast only 22% of control @entity19 were dead by day 200 (P < 0.0015). Of possible relevance to the enhanced tumourigenesis, some @entity281 cell lines displayed increased clonogenicity in agar. Increased cell growth was even more striking when ex-vivo tumour-derived cell lines were studied. Thus, SCL can co-operate with v-ABL to hasten T-cell tumourigenesis. This is the first direct evidence demonstrating that SCL can behave as an oncogene.

title: SCL, the gene implicated in XXXX T-cell leukaemia, is oncogenic in a @entity19 T-lymphocyte cell line.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['transplantable lymphoid tumours']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['SCL-infected']

entities_list: @entity11511 :: ('MESH:D054218', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The influence of site of @entity583 on heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance (TPR), cardiac rhythm, and mortality was determined in 58 anesthetized @entity468 by occlusion of either the @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ), left circumflex or right coronary artery. @entity432 resulted in immediate decrease in cardiac output, heart rate, and blood pressure, an increase in TPR, and cardiac rhythm changes including premature ventricular beats, @entity1165 , and occasionally @entity2224 . The decrease in cardiac output and increase in TPR persisted in the @entity468 surviving a @entity943 . In contrast, right @entity1563 resulted in a considerably smaller decrease in cardiac output. TPR did not increase, @entity132 were common, and sinus @entity1168 and @entity551 persisted in the @entity468 recovering from an @entity943 . Left circumflex ligation resulted in cardiovascular changes intermediate between those produced by occlusion of the @entity1347 or the right coronary artery. Mortality was similar in each of the three groups. We studied the coronary artery anatomy in 12 @entity468 . In 10, the blood supply to the sinus node was from the right coronary artery and in 2, from the left circumflex coronary artery. The @entity713 arose from the right in 9 @entity468 , and from the left circumflex in 3. The right coronary artery was dominant in 9 @entity468 and the left in 3. In conclusion, the site of experimental @entity1563 in @entity468 is a major determinant of the hemodynamic and cardiac rhythm changes occurring after @entity583 . The cardiovascular responses evoked by ligation are related in part to the anatomical distribution of the occluded artery.

title: Site of @entity583 . A determinant of the cardiovascular changes induced in the cat by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular condition disturbances']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular node artery']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['LAD', 'left anterior descending']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['LAD occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity1563 :: (MESH:D054059,Disease) :: ['coronary occlusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse associations between symptoms and @entity793 in @entity293 in @entity1 (LUTIW) and to evaluate outcome of therapy with three different regimens of @entity4680 or placebo. DESIGN: Prospective, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled therapy study. Symptoms registered at inclusion, during therapy and at follow-up visits after 8-10 and 35-49 days. Significant @entity793 defined according to current European guidelines. SETTING: A total of 18 primary healthcare centres in northern Sweden. Subjects. @entity1 aged 18 years and above with symptoms of urgency, @entity3833 , supra pubic or loin @entity158 . Main outcome measures. Symptoms and @entity793 at inclusion and course of symptoms, @entity793 , and their combinations during and post-therapy. RESULTS: At inclusion, no associations or significant differences were found between symptom scores and @entity793 , bacterial counts, or species. The 884 @entity1 (77%) with significant @entity793 were followed up. All @entity4680 therapies were superior to placebo (p < 0.001). From day six until first follow-up, the mean values of all symptoms were higher and the bacteriological cure was lower at first follow-up in the three days (84%) compared with the seven days regimens (93-94%, p < 0.001). At final follow-up clinical cure was similar in all @entity4680 regimens (65-72%) as was bacteriological cure (83-89%). @entity4680 had few low to mild adverse reactions, comparable to placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms are not conclusive for diagnosis of LUTIW. @entity4680 therapies are superior to placebo and seven days regimens are more efficient than three days. @entity4680 200 mg x 2 x 7 days is recommended as a first-line therapy for LUTIW.

title: Clinical and bacteriological outcome of different doses and duration of @entity4680 compared with placebo therapy of @entity293 in XXXX : the LUTIW project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity4680 :: ('MESH:D000561', 'Chemical') :: ['pivmecillinam', 'Pivmecillinam']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The duration of S phase and the labeling index were measured in @entity420 , in @entity1127 and in adjacent unaffected mucosa of a same @entity1 . The in vitro double labeling technique was employed. The S phase duration in @entity5 was significantly longer than in unaffected mucosa and @entity1127 . This agrees with previously reported data on @entity1 skin, colon and rectum and supports the suggestion that a long S phase might correlated with @entity105 . The labeling index in the mucosa adjacent to the @entity5 is higher than previously measured in normal tissue. Following colectomy however, the labeling index in unaffected mucosa and @entity5 was lower than prior to surgery. This suggests the disappearance of a systemic factor (in the colon?) which positively regulates the proliferative activity in the rectal and colonic musoca. The maintainance of a lengthened S phase duration in the recurrent @entity5 where L.I. is lowered, indicates that the proliferation rate and the S phase duration are regulated by separate control factors.

title: Cell cycle parameters in @entity1 colon: comparison between primary and recurrent XXXX , @entity1127 and adjacent unaffected mucosa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the control of cell fate determination during differentiation. In this study, we analyzed the expression pattern of microRNAs (miRNAs) during hepatic trans-differentiation. The protocol employed the use of histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI), @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ) to induce hepatic trans-differentiation of @entity1 umbilical cord Wharton's jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs). The differentiated hepatocyte like cells (HLCs) from hUC-MSCs shared typical characteristics with mature hepatocytes, including morphology, expression of hepatocyte -specific genes at the molecular and cellular level. Moreover, the functionality of HLCs was confirmed through various liver function tests such as periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain for glycogen accumulation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for synthesis of albumin and release of @entity1133 . The aim of the present work was to examine the effect of @entity3262 treatment on miRNA expression during hepatic trans-differentiation. The analysis at miRNA level showed that there was a significant increase in expression of miRNAs involved in hepatic differentiation, due to @entity3262 pre-treatment during differentiation. The study, thus demonstrated that improved expression of hepatocyte-specific miRNAs, @entity14907 cluster (miR-27b-3p, miR-24-1-5p and @entity14907 -3p), miR-30a-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-148a-3p, miR-192-5p, @entity7861 due to @entity3262 pre-treatment contributed to a more efficient hepatic trans-differentiation from hUC-MSCs. The putative targets of these upregulated miRNAs were predicted using Bioinformatics analysis. Finally, @entity7861 , highly upregulated miRNA during hepatic differentiation, was selected for target verification studies. Thus, this study also provides the basis for the function of @entity7861 during hepatic differentiation of hUC-MSCs.

title: Enhanced expression of hepatocyte-specific microRNAs in @entity1092 mediated hepatic trans-differentiation of XXXX umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells.

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: As part of conservation efforts between 1997 and 2001, more than 25% (332 animals) of the endangered @entity37875 ( @entity37875 ) population was sampled in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Serum samples were tested for antibodies to viruses, bacteria, and parasites known to cause morbidity and mortality in other marine mammal species. Antibodies were found to phocine herpesvirus-1 by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, but seropositive results were not confirmed by virus neutralization test. Antibodies to Leptospira bratislava, L. hardjo, L. icterohaemorrhagiae, and L. pomona were detected in seals from several sites with the microagglutination test. Antibodies to Brucella spp. were detected using 10 conventional serologic tests, but because of inconsistencies in test results and laboratories used, and the lack of validation by culture, the Brucella serology should be interpreted with caution. Antibodies to @entity14991 were not detected by card test. Chlamydophila abortus antibodies were detected by @entity465 ( @entity465 ) test, and prevalence increased significantly as a function of age; the low sensitivity and specificity associated with the @entity465 make interpretation of results difficult. Antibodies to @entity3204 and @entity5475 were rarely found. There was no serologic evidence of exposure to four morbilliviruses, @entity11317 , @entity3895 , caliciviruses, or other selected viruses. Continuous surveillance provides a means to detect the introduction or emergence of these or other @entity166 , but it is dependent on the development or improvement of diagnostic tools. Continued and improved surveillance are both needed as part of future conservation efforts of @entity37875 .

title: @entity166 monitoring of the endangered XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11317 :: ('11320', 'Species') :: ['influenza A virus']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['complement fixation', 'CF']

entities_list: @entity37875 :: ('29088', 'Species') :: ['Hawaiian monk seals', 'Monachus schauinslandi', 'Hawaiian monk seal']

entities_list: @entity5475 :: ('6287', 'Species') :: ['Dirofilaria immitis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity3895 :: ('10537', 'Species') :: ['canine adenovirus']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity37875 :: (29088,Species) :: ['Hawaiian monk seal']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mechanisms of @entity272 have not been completely elucidated. Anecdotal data suggests that @entity470 inhibition accelerates aging-like skin changes. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying skin changes associated with the use of EFGRIs. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 during prolonged treatment with EGFRIs (>3  months) were analyzed for aging-like skin changes. Baseline @entity470 expression was compared in young (<25  years old) vs. old (> 65  years old) skin. In addition, the regulation of extracellular matrix, senescence-associated genes, and cell cycle status was measured in primary @entity1 keratinocytes treated with @entity3866 in vitro. RESULTS: There were progressive signs of @entity272 , including xerosis @entity2321 , @entity194 , rhytide formation, and/or actinic purpura in 12 @entity1 . Keratinocytes treated with @entity3866 in vitro showed a significant down-modulation of hyaluronan synthases ( @entity4660 and @entity9907 ), whereas senescence-associated genes ( @entity3544 , @entity876 , @entity650 , maspin) were upregulated, along with a G1 cell cycle arrest and stronger SA b-Gal activity. There was significantly decreased baseline expression in @entity470 density in aged skin, when compared to young controls. CONCLUSIONS: @entity470 inhibition results in molecular alterations in keratinocytes that may contribute to the observed @entity272 of @entity1 treated with respective targeted agents.

title: Mechanisms of @entity272 induced by XXXX inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin aging']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most commonly prescribed antidepressant medications worldwide. However, over the past decade, their use during pregnancy, a period of extreme vulnerability to the onset of @entity308 , has become highly concerning to @entity1 and their healthcare providers in terms of safety to the developing fetus. Exposure to SSRIs in pregnancy has been associated with @entity2208 , @entity16257 , @entity600 -specifically @entity299 -and, more recently, @entity245 in childhood, specifically @entity72 . Studies addressing the effect of individual SSRIs indicate a small but higher risk for @entity600 with maternal @entity905 and @entity903 use. Though the excess in absolute risk is small, it may still be of concern to some @entity1 . Meanwhile, antenatal @entity308 itself is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, and discontinuing antidepressant treatment during pregnancy is associated with a high risk of relapse of @entity308 . Whether the observed adverse fetal effects are related to the mother's medication use or her underlying @entity221 remains difficult to determine. It is important that every pregnant @entity1 being treated with an SSRI (or considering such treatment) carefully weighs the risks of treatment against the risk of untreated @entity308 for both herself and her @entity1 . The importance of recognizing a higher risk for the development of adverse outcomes lies in the potential for surveillance and possibly a timely intervention. Therefore, we recommend that pregnant @entity1 exposed to any SSRI in early pregnancy be offered options for prenatal diagnosis through ultrasound examinations and fetal echocardiography to detect the presence of @entity600 . Tapering off or switching to other therapy in early pregnancy, if appropriate for the individual, may also be considered on a case-by-case basis.

title: Safety of Selective XXXX Reuptake Inhibitors in Pregnancy: A Review of Current Evidence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity16257 :: ('MESH:D005117', 'Disease') :: ['premature delivery, neonatal complications']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defects']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defects']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['maternal illness']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['Serotonin']


abstract: @entity20883 -encoded protein kinase A (PKA) wild-type and mutant regulatory (R) subunits from @entity375 were inducibly overexpressed in their corresponding background strains containing the same mutation in the @entity20883 gene. The aim of this approach was to shift the catalytic activity of PKA within the cell to the undissociated holoenzyme form(s) in order to evaluate whether the wild-type or the mutant forms of the holoenzyme could display catalytic activity. Two mutants of R subunits were used: @entity20883 -16, with a complete deletion of @entity268 -binding domain B; and @entity20883 -14, with a small deletion in the @entity1473 terminus of @entity268 -binding domain A. Their overexpression caused an increase in the level of R subunits in the range 40-90-fold, as detected by @entity268 -binding activity, Coomasie-stained @entity214 -PAGE and Western blot analysis. The change in PKA activity attained by overexpression of R was assessed in three ways: (i) through the analysis of PKA-dependent phenotypes, and (ii, iii) by measurement of PKA activity -/+ @entity268 using the specific substrate kemptide in crude extracts (ii) and permeabilized cells (iii). Upon overexpression of the R subunits, PKA-dependent phenotypes were less severe when compared with their own background. However, a gradient in the degree of severity of phenotypes @entity20883 -14> @entity20883 -16> wild-type was observed in the background strains and was maintained in the strains overexpressing the R subunits. @entity268 levels measured in background and in R-overexpressing strains showed an increase of around two orders accompanying the overexpression of the R subunits. Three main conclusions could be drawn from the PKA activity measurements -/+ @entity268 in crude extracts: (i) catalytic activity was not increased in compensation for the increase in R subunits in any of the three cases (wild-type, @entity20883 -16 or @entity20883 -14 overexpression); (ii) PKA activity assayed in the absence of @entity268 was lower in the case of extracts from strains overexpressing wild-type or @entity20883 -16 R subunits when compared with the corresponding extracts without overexpression; and (iii) in these two cases, the great excess of R subunits in the crude extracts displayed additional inhibitory capacity towards exogenously added catalytic (C) subunits. To provide an estimate of the in vivo activation of PKA, permeabilized cells from control strains and strains transformed with either wild-type, @entity20883 -16 or @entity20883 -14 R subunits were used to measure PKA activity in the presence of variable concentrations of @entity268 . There were two main observations from the results: (i) the activity of PKA detected in the absence of exogenous @entity268 was decreased in the strains overexpressing the R subunits when compared to their corresponding backgrounds, and (ii) the sensitivity to activation by @entity268 was decreased or almost nil. The biochemical and genetic results obtained are consistent with the hypothesis that within the cell it is possible to have catalytically active, @entity268 -bound, undissociated PKA holoenzyme.

title: Evaluation of in vivo activation of protein kinase A under non-dissociable conditions through the overexpression of wild-type and mutant regulatory subunits in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The poor prognosis of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in @entity1 resuscitated from @entity1167 complicating acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ) may at least partly be explained by the common presence of @entity1455 . This study examined the impact of emergency primary PCI on outcome in @entity1 with @entity583 not complicated by @entity1455 who were resuscitated from @entity1167 . METHODS AND RESULTS: The study group included 948 consecutive @entity1 without @entity1455 who underwent emergency primary PCI from 2001 to 2006 for @entity583 . Twenty-one of them were resuscitated from @entity1167 before the intervention. Data on background, clinical characteristics, and outcome were prospectively collected. There were no differences between the resuscitated and nonresuscitated @entity1 in age, sex, @entity1188 location, or left ventricular function. The total one-month mortality rate was higher in the resuscitated @entity1 (14.3 vs. 3.4%, P=0.033), but noncardiac mortality accounted for the entire difference (14.3 vs. 1.2%, P=0.001), whereas cardiac mortality was similarly low in the two groups (0 vs. 2.0%, P=NS). Predictors of poor outcome in the resuscitated @entity1 were older age (r=0.47, P=0.032), unwitnessed @entity944 (r=0.44, P=0.04), longer interval between onset of @entity1167 and arrival of a mobile unit (r=0.67, P=0.001) or to spontaneous circulation (r=0.65, P=0.001), low glomerular filtration rate (r=-0.50, P=0.02), and the initial thrombolysis in @entity583 grade of flow (r=-0.51, P=0.017). CONCLUSION: Emergency PCI for @entity583 not associated with @entity1455 exerts a similar effect on cardiac mortality in @entity1 who were resuscitated from @entity1167 and in those without this complication. The higher all-cause mortality rate among resuscitated @entity1 is explained by noncardiac complications.

title: Outcome of emergency percutaneous coronary intervention for acute ST-elevation XXXX complicated by @entity1167 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']