abstract: @entity731 as a key factor of @entity65 and mortality is one of the most pressing problem of modern medicine. Most phenotypic deviations of serum @entity165 levels are genetically predetermined and the influence of environmental factors is much less. The vast majority of @entity74 are polygenic. @entity74 are seen in a small proportion of @entity1 with @entity731 . However, they only emphasizes the carriage of alleles of the genes that determine various aspects of lipid genesis, transport, and predisposition to @entity731 . Virtually all @entity2299 appear as atherogenic types and they represent a special form of @entity731 . This fact affects the specific features of @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity74 . In these @entity1 @entity301 as the most common manifestation of @entity731 occurs just in infancy, it is malignant and progressive and unresponsive to treatment. Furthermore, there is a drastic increase in the likelihood of a menacing and fatal complication, such as @entity944 . For therapeutical and preventive purposes, these all factors make it necessary to perform a comprehensive early diagnosis of @entity74 by using clinical, genealogical and routine studies, followed by correction of the disorders detected.

title: [Specific features of @entity65 in @entity1 with mono- and polygenic types of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['primary dyslipoproteinemias']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary dyslipoproteinemia', 'hereditary hyperlipidemias', 'Monogenic disorders', 'hereditary dyslipoproteinemias']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2299 :: (MESH:D050171,Disease) :: ['dyslipoproteinemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Parenteral nutrition is well established for providing nutritional support in acute @entity788 while avoiding pancreatic stimulation. However, it is associated with complications and high cost. Benefits of enteral feeding in other disease states prompted a comparison of early enteral feeding with total parenteral nutrition in this clinical setting. METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity1 with acute severe @entity788 were randomized into two groups. The first (n = 18) received enteral nutrition through a nasoenteric tube with a semi-elemental diet, while the second group (n = 20) received parenteral nutrition through a central venous catheter. Safety was assessed by clinical course of disease, laboratory findings and incidence of complications. Efficacy was determined by @entity1568 balance. The cost of nutritional support was calculated. RESULTS: Enteral feeding was well tolerated without adverse effects on the course of the disease. @entity1 who received enteral feeding experienced fewer @entity532 (P < 0.05) and were at lower risk of developing septic complications (P < 0.01) than those receiving parenteral nutrition. The cost of nutritional support was three times higher in @entity1 who received parenteral nutrition. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that early enteral nutrition should be used preferentially in @entity1 with severe acute @entity788 .

title: Enteral nutrition is superior to parenteral nutrition in severe acute XXXX : results of a randomized prospective trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['total complications']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The modulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) function by injury is unpredictable, and can predispose either to hyperimmune states ( @entity649 [ @entity649 ], @entity881 ) or to @entity1200 , @entity281 , and @entity295 . Such outcomes have been related to excess production of the CXC chemokine interleukin (IL)-8, but PMN responses to @entity687 are mediated by both the relatively stable and @entity687 specific CXC receptor 1 ( @entity7415 ) and the labile, promiscuous @entity7416 . We hypothesized that progression to septic and @entity881 outcomes could be related to early differences in PMN CXC receptor status. METHODS: PMNs were isolated 12 +/- 3 hours after injury from 15 major @entity130 @entity1 (Injury Severity Score of 34 +/- 2, 11 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 , age 36 +/- 4 years) who survived at least 7 days. Volunteer normal PMNs (n = 6 donors) were studied for comparison. Cells were stimulated either with the @entity7416 specific agent growth-related oncogene-alpha, or with @entity687 , which stimulates @entity7415 and CXRR2. Receptor response was assessed as the mobilization of cell @entity460 . The development of @entity649 , @entity295 , and @entity55 was assessed according to standardized criteria. Day 1 receptor activity in the clinical groups was then compared by analysis of variance with Tukey's or t tests as appropriate. RESULTS: In @entity1 that were otherwise comparable, @entity7416 responses were markedly diminished in the PMNs of @entity1 who went on to @entity295 and @entity55 , but were elevated in PMNs from the @entity1 who went on to @entity649 . @entity7415 responses were modestly lower in @entity130 @entity1 than volunteers, but showed no significant variations among the various clinical outcome groups. CONCLUSION: The activity of PMN @entity7416 receptors soon after injury may be reflected in the later clinical sequelae of PMN activity. High @entity7416 activity may correlate with @entity6392 and outcomes such as @entity649 , whereas the loss of @entity7416 function in inflammatory environments may impair PMN functions in a manner that predisposes to @entity55 or @entity295 . Early responses of PMN CXC receptors to injury may influence the clinical course of @entity130 @entity1 .

title: Early XXXX polymorphonuclear neutrophil responses to chemokines are associated with development of @entity295 , @entity55 , and organ failure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'adult respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity6392 :: ('MESH:D000308', 'Disease') :: ['PMN hyperfunction']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate clinical, laboratory, microbiological, and echocardiographic characteristics of @entity884 ( @entity884 ) at a tertiary care center in @entity233 and to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality. STUDY DESIGN: Based on a systematic retrospective review of clinical records covering 1997 to 2007, we analyzed data and outcomes of 68 @entity1 (40 males, 28 females; mean age 51+/-20 years) with definite or possible @entity884 according to the modified Duke criteria. RESULTS: @entity340 ( @entity340 ) was seen in 28 @entity1 (41.2%), and @entity340 ( @entity340 ) was seen in 38 @entity1 (55.9%). @entity884 ( @entity884 ) was observed in only two @entity1 (2.9%). Nineteen @entity1 (27.9%) had nosocomial @entity884 . The most frequent predisposing factor for @entity340 was @entity6331 (n=11; 39.3%). Echocardiography failed to show any signs of involvement in five @entity1 (13.2%) with @entity340 . The most common causative microorganisms of @entity340 , @entity340 , and @entity884 were staphylococci (n=28; 41.2%). At least one complication developed in 46 @entity1 (67.7%), @entity712 being the most common (n=38; 55.9%). Forty-one @entity1 (60.3%) underwent combined medical and surgical treatment. In-hospital mortality occurred in 17 @entity1 (25%). Mortality rates were 37.5%, 30%, and 14.3% for early and late @entity340 and @entity340 , respectively. Mortality was significantly higher with nosocomial @entity884 (57.9%) compared to 12.2% in the remaining @entity1 . In multivariate analysis, @entity326 (p=0.011) and @entity580 (p=0.032) were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION: Compared to the European series, @entity884 in our cohort occurred in a relatively younger population, with @entity6331 as the most common underlying @entity299 . The rates of @entity340 , nosocomial @entity884 , and surgical treatment were about the same.

title: Clinical spectrum, presentation, and risk factors for mortality in @entity884 : a review of 68 cases at a tertiary care center in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infection']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['Native valve endocarditis', 'prosthetic valve endocarditis', 'PVE', 'NVE']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['IE', 'infective endocarditis', 'Pacemaker endocarditis', 'PE']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The majority of cases of @entity0 scoring @entity1722 weak positive (2+) on immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the HercepTest are not associated with amplification of the @entity1722 gene. AIM: To examine the reproducibility of IHC in cases scoring 2+ subsequently shown to have @entity74 by fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 153 cases referred for FISH confirmation of a weak positive HercepTest (2+) result was performed. Repeat IHC was undertaken in cases with weak positive (2+) referral IHC and amplification of the @entity1722 gene by FISH. RESULTS: Amplification of the @entity1722 gene was confirmed in 29/153 cases (19%) scoring 2+ on IHC. Repeat IHC was carried out on 25 IHC 2+ cases: 7 (28%) scored 2+ on repeat IHC, 18 (72%) scored 3+ and were reclassified as strong positive. A heterogeneous expression pattern was present in 3/17 cases scoring 3+. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of HercepTest 2+ results are not accompanied by @entity74 and represent "false positive" IHC in terms of prognostic or therapeutic relevance. A small proportion of HercepTest 2+ scores represent true 2+ IHC positive cases accompanied by @entity74 : a category probably biologically related to 3+ IHC cases. The remainder of cases of HercepTest 2+ accompanied by @entity74 represent a category of referral IHC 2+ weak positive, FISH amplified, repeat IHC 3+ strong positive, best described as "false negative 2+ IHC". This has implications for selection of cases for FISH analysis where weak positive (2+) IHC score is used as a triage for FISH testing, and for testing strategies in referral laboratories undertaking FISH analysis.

title: Amplification of the XXXX gene in @entity0 testing 2+ weak positive by HercepTest immunohistochemistry: false-positive or false-negative immunohistochemistry?

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['gene amplification']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['HER2']


abstract: C3HBA mammary @entity5 were irradiated with 3000 rads of 250-kVp X-rays or 1000 rads of 8-MeV neutrons, doses of radiation matched for producing equal growth delay. At 14 days postirradiation, @entity5 were regrowing at a reduced rate relative to controls. Cell kinetic parameters were examined using percentage of labeled mitoses techniques, and blood vessel spacing and @entity5 architecture were examined histologically to determine whether the mechanisms underlying growth rate changes were the same after neutron as after photon irradiation. The @entity5 volume-doubling time at 14 days posttreatment is similar in both irradiated groups (TD=117 hr for @entity5 , 132 hr for @entity5 ) and is approximately twice as long as the doubling time of 61.4 hr in control @entity5 in the same size range. Control and @entity5 have median cell cycle durations of 19.3 and 18.5 hr, respectively; the more slowly growing @entity5 have a reduced growth fraction and increased cell loss factor. Regrowing @entity5 have a median cell cycle of 27.2 hr, with calculated growth fraction and cell loss factor values intermediate between those for control and @entity5 . Scatter in the percentage of labeled mitoses data makes it difficult to determine whether the cell cycle durations are significantly different. The average distance from @entity5 parenchymal interphase cells to the nearest recognizable blood vessel is nearly identical in the two irradiated groups and for both groups is significantly greater than interphase to vessel distance in controls. The average distance in irradiated @entity5 approaches the maximal distance for O2 diffusion in @entity19 @entity420 of a corded structure surrounding a central blood vessel. Both neutron- and @entity5 contain more @entity39 and fewer viable-appearing parenchymal cells than do control @entity5 of the same size. The similar growth rate and growth delay in this @entity5 after 3000 rads of X-rays of 1000 rads of neutrons occur in the face of possibly different cell cycle durations and seem related to similar circulatory system inadequacies which limit growth and are expressed as greater average cell-to-blood-vessel distance and increased cell loss leading to @entity39 , indicating @entity26 or nutrient deprivation.

title: Mechanisms underlying reduced growth rate in C3HBA mammary XXXX recurring after single doses of x-rays or fast neutrons.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'X-irradiated tumors', 'neutron-irradiated tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinomas']


abstract: A sizable portion of @entity1165 are epicardial, especially in @entity1 with @entity296 , e.g. @entity1526 . Thus there is a growing interest among the electrophysiologists in transepicardial mapping and @entity296 for treatment of @entity943 . However, increased epicardial fat can be a significant hindrance in procedural success as it can mimic @entity1188 during mapping and can also decrease the effectiveness of ablation. Quantitative knowledge of epicardial fat pre-procedure can potentially significantly facilitate the conduct and outcomes of these procedures. In this study we assessed the epicardial fat distribution and thickness in vivo in 59 @entity1 who underwent multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) for coronary artery assessment using a 16-slice scanner. Multiplanar reconstructions were obtained in the ventricular short axis at the basal, mid ventricular, and near the apex level, and in a four-chamber view. In the short axis slices, we measured epicardial fat diameter in nine segments, and in the four-chamber view, it was measured in five segments. In grooved segments the maximum fat thickness was recorded, while in non-grooved segments thickness at three equally spaced points were averaged. The results were as follows starting clockwise: superior inter-ventricular (IV) groove (all measurements are in mm, in basal, mid ventricular, and apical levels, respectively) (11.2, 8.6, 7.3), left ventricular (LV) superior lateral wall (1.0, 1.5, 1.7), LV inferior lateral wall (1.3, 2.2, 3.5), inferior IV groove (9.2, 6.5, 6.1), right ventricular (RV) diaphragmatic wall (1.4, 0.2, 1.0), acute margin (9.2, 7.3, 7.8), RV anterior free wall inferior (6.8, 4.0, 4.7), RV anterior free wall superior (6.5, 3.2, 3.1), RV superior wall (5.6, 2.7, 4.0), We measured the following four-chamber segments: LV apex (2.8 mm), left atrio-ventricular (AV) groove (12.7), right AV groove (14.8), RV apex (4.8), and anterior IV groove (7.7). The mean epicardial fat thickness for all cases was 5.3 mm (S.D. 1.6). The mean total epicardial fat for @entity1 over 65 was 22% greater than younger @entity1 , with a 36% increase along the RV anterior free wall, 57% along the RV diaphragmatic wall and 38% along the LV lateral wall. @entity1 averaged 17% more total epicardial fat. In conclusion, this study was designed to provide an epicardial fat map for physicians performing percutaneous epicardial mapping and interventions. While the acute margin and RV anterior free wall tend to have high epicardial fat, and the LV lateral wall and RV diaphragmatic wall tend to have little to no fat, there is significant variation between @entity1 . MDCT is a reliable modality for visualizing epicardial fat, and should be considered prior to undergoing procedures that are affected by epicardial fat content, especially in elderly and female populations.

title: Mapping epicardial fat with multi-detector computed tomography to facilitate percutaneous transepicardial XXXX ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ablation', 'non-ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia circuits']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ['Chagas disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmia']


abstract: The presence of a valve ring @entity733 in @entity1 with @entity884 adds appreciably to the expected rates of morbidity and mortality. From January 1989 to October 1991, a total of 43 consecutive @entity1 with @entity884 seen at National Taiwan University Hospital were enrolled in this study. There were 30 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 , ranging in age from 14 to 75 years (mean +/- SD 38.5 +/- 15.0 years). The presence of @entity884 was documented by surgery in 26 @entity1 and was based on a clinical diagnosis in the remaining 17 @entity1 . A valve ring @entity733 was detected in five @entity1 , either by transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography, and all were confirmed at surgery. @entity886 was more frequently found in @entity1 with valve ring @entity733 (100% vs 31.6%, p < 0.01), and the infecting organism was most often @entity794 (60.0% vs 15.8%, p < 0.05). The proportion of urgent operations was also higher in the group with @entity733 (80.0% vs 23.7%, p < 0.05). The hospital mortality was 40.0% in @entity1 with @entity733 and 5.3% in @entity1 without @entity733 , but the difference did not reach significance (p = 0.056). Transthoracic echocardiography identified valve ring @entity733 in the first three @entity1 , but transesophageal echocardiography was more useful in detecting @entity733 located in the posterior aspect of the aortic root in the other two @entity1 , in which the lesion was overlooked or only suspected by the transthoracic approach.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Valve ring XXXX associated with @entity884 : echocardiographic features and clinical observations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic valve endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses', 'abscess']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity733 :: (MESH:D000038,Disease) :: ['abscess']


abstract: Scorpions have survived successfully over millions of years without detectable changes in their morphology. Instead, they have developed an efficient alomonal machinery and a stinging device supporting their needs for prey and defense. They produce a large variety of polypeptidic toxins that bind and modulate ion channel conductance in excitable tissues. The binding site, mode of action, and chemical properties of many toxins have been studied extensively, but little is known about their genomic organization and diversity. Genes representing each of the major classes of Buthidae scorpion toxins, namely, "long" toxins, affecting @entity1372 channels (alpha, depressant, and excitatory), and "short" toxins, affecting @entity972 and @entity2865 channels, were isolated from a single scorpion segment and analyzed. Each toxin type was found to be encoded by a gene family. Regardless of toxin length, 3-D structure, and site of action, all genes contain A+T-rich introns that split, at a conserved location, an @entity535 codon of the signal sequence. The introns vary in length and sequence but display identical boundaries, agree with the GT/AG splice junctions, and contain T-runs downstream of a putative branch point, 5'-TAAT-3'. Despite little sequence similarity among all toxin classes, the conserved gene organization, intron features, and common @entity462 -stabilized alpha-helical (CSH) core connecting an alpha-helix to a three-stranded beta-sheet suggest, that they all evolved from an ancestral common progenitor. Furthermore, the vast diversity found among genomic copies, cDNAs, and their protein products for each toxin suggests an extensive evolutionary process of the scorpion "pharmaceutical factory," whose success is due, most likely, to the inherent permissiveness of the toxin exterior to structural alterations.

title: Dynamic diversification from a putative common ancestor of scorpion toxins affecting @entity1372 , @entity972 , and XXXX channels.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity2865 :: (CHEBI:17996,Chemical) :: ['chloride']


abstract: AIMS: The nuclear enzyme DNA topoisomerase II has been shown to be required for chromatin condensation and chromosomal segregation during mitosis; its isoform topo II alpha is linked with active cell proliferation in @entity1 cells. The aim of this study was to examine the relation of the expression of topo II alpha to the biological behaviour of conventional @entity150 . METHODS: Formalin fixed, @entity982 wax embedded tissue from 94 specimens of bladder @entity5 were immuno-histochemically stained for topo II alpha. For each case, a topo II alpha index was determined. A similar index had been determined for Ki-67, a known cell proliferation marker. Each case had also been graded, staged, and evaluated for DNA ploidy as well as for @entity876 and @entity588 immunoreactivity. RESULTS: Raised topo II alpha expression (in > or = 10% of malignant nuclei) correlated with two adverse prognosticators--high grade (p = 0.027) and invasion of the muscularis propria (p = 0.013), but with no other evaluated parameter. By multivariate survival analysis using Cox's proportional hazard model, high expression of topo II alpha was found to be predictive for worse survival (p = 0.0047). @entity1 ' age, @entity5 stage, and grade were also retained as independent prognostic factors (p = 0.0349, p = 0.00005, and p = 0.0130, respectively). The negative influence of increased topo II alpha immunopositivity on @entity1 ' survival was also seen in the subgroup of @entity1 with non-muscle invasive @entity189 (p = 0.0004), in @entity1 with a @entity588 negative phenotype (p = 0.0330), and in those with low Ki-67 indices (p = 0.0341). CONCLUSIONS: Because topo II alpha and Ki-67 failed to demonstrate a significant interrelation, they appear to be different molecules that both function at separate phases in the complex process of cellular proliferation. The assessment of increased topo II alpha immunoreactivity in specimens from @entity189 might help to select @entity1 (particularly among those with superficial @entity5 ) in the worse prognostic categories for new therapeutic strategies.

title: Predictive value of topoisomerase II alpha immunostaining in urothelial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumours', 'urothelial cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'urothelial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the degree of correlation between the pathologic characteristics of the specimens obtained from biopsy and radical cystoprostatectomy. The stage and grade of bladder urothelial (transitional cell) @entity189 are important predictors of prognosis. METHODS: We retrospectively identified 169 cases of @entity189 from 222 radical cystectomies performed at University of Chicago Hospitals from 1992 to 1999. RESULTS: For all the cases in this study, the histologic grade, using the 1998 World Health Organization and International Society of Urological Pathologists (WHO/ISUP) classification, was identical when the biopsy specimen and radical cystectomy specimen were compared. However, when the same cases were assessed using the traditional three-grade system, the histologic grade increased or decreased by one grade in 19 (11%) and 8 (5%) of 169 cases, respectively. @entity1 with invasion of the lamina propria on biopsy had @entity5 extending outside the bladder in 15 (27%) of 55 cases. @entity1 with invasion of the muscularis propria on biopsy had @entity5 extending outside the bladder in 47 (49%) of 96 cases, including nodal @entity3 in 22 (23%) of 96 cases. Overall, bladder biopsy underestimated the true extent of the disease in 78 (46%) of 169 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Using either the WHO/ISUP (1998) classification or the traditional three-grade system, the histologic grade of the biopsy specimen is a fairly good predictor of the final histologic grade. The preoperative biopsy tends to understage @entity150 . @entity1 with muscularis propria invasion demonstrated by biopsy have a significantly higher risk of non-organ-confined disease than those with lamina propria invasion.

title: Correlation between biopsy and radical cystectomy in assessing grade and depth of invasion in bladder XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The benefit of adjuvant treatment in @entity356 was demonstrated by randomized, controlled trials of @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 . Thus, its role for stage IIB-IIIC disease is widely accepted. We aimed to identify @entity1 with stage IA-IIA @entity356 who have a poor prognosis and thus may benefit from adjuvant treatment. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity356 who underwent surgical resection with pathological evaluation of >= 15 lymph nodes and had available @entity66 ( @entity66 ) data were identified from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Registry. Survival differences were evaluated with the log-rank test and Cox multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Stage and @entity7443 grouping strongly predicted @entity66 (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). Stage IA @entity5 had an excellent outcome: 91    1.2 % 5-year @entity66 . The @entity7443 groupings of stages IB and IIA had the next best outcomes with 5-year @entity66 from 66    4.6 % to 81    2.3 %. Older age (P < 0.001), higher grade (P = 0.004), larger @entity5 size (P < 0.001), and proximal @entity5 location (P < 0.001) were independent predictors of worse @entity66 in @entity5 . We devised a risk stratification scheme for @entity5 where 1 point was assigned for age >60 years, @entity5 size >5 cm, proximal @entity5 location, and grade other than well-differentiated. Five-year @entity66 was 100 % for @entity1 with 0 points; 86    4.3 %, 1 point; 76    3 %, 2 points; 72    2.8 %, 3 points; and 48    4.9 %, 4 points (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with stage IB-IIA @entity356 and >= 2 adverse features (age >60 years, @entity5 size >5 cm, proximal location, and high-grade) have 5-year @entity66  <=76 %. Adjuvant therapy may be warranted for these @entity1 .

title: Population-based outcome of stage IA-IIA resected XXXX : who should get adjuvant treatment?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'disease-specific survival']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage IB-IIA tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of the needling depth recorded in Lingshu (Miraculous Pivot) for @entity1744 of @entity294 (IBS-D) in Germany. METHODS: With the needling technique recorded in Lingshu: Jingshui (Miraculous Pivot: Meridian Water), 21 cases of IBSD were treated with acupuncture at Zhangmen(lR 13), Zhongwan(CV 12), Tianshu (ST 25), Guanyuan(CV 4), Qimen (LR 14), Quchi (LI 11), Hegu ( @entity9154 ), Yinlingquan( @entity14447 ), Zusanli (ST 36) and Taichong ( @entity8950 ), 0. 1-0. 6 cun (2-12 mm) in depth. Even needling technique was applied. The treatment was given 2-3 times each week, and 8 treatments made one session. The efficacy and the scale for the severity degree of symptom (IBS-SSS) were observed in 1-2 sessions of treatment. RESULTS: The total effective rate was 52.4% (11/21) in the 1st session and was 90.5% (19/21) in the 2nd session. The efficacy in the 2nd session was superior to that in the 1st session (P < 0.05). IBS-SSS was 143.58 +/- 70.15 in the 1st session and was 115.98 +/- 72.68 in the 2nd session, all reduced obviously as compared with those before treatment (all P < 0.01). The reducing degree in the 2nd session was much remarkable than that in the 1st session (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The better clinical efficacy has been achieved for IBS-D treated with needling depth recorded in Lingshu (Miraculous Pivot) in Germany. The longer session of treatment is, the better efficacy is obtained.

title: [Efficacy observation on the needling depth recorded in Lingshu (Miraculous Pivot) for XXXX of @entity294 ].

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: A 77 year-old female admitted with costal and right clavicular @entity5 and @entity690 . In January 1983, a diagnosis of @entity6872 was made based on the histopathological examination of the right clavicular @entity5 . The amounts of serum protein and IgA (kappa) @entity10805 were 7.5 g/dl and 2.1 g/dl, respectively. A myelogram revealed 21% of mature plasma cells with 31.3 x 10(4) nucleated cells/microliter. Four months later following a chemotherapy started in March 1983, the @entity5 size became smaller with undetected @entity10805 by an immunofixation method. Besides, a serum protein analysis showed 24.6% of gamma-globulin and 1,980 mg/dl of IgG. However, in December 1983, the right clavicular and @entity5 regrew. The second biopsy specimen showed diffuse proliferated plasmablastoid cells which reacted only to anti-kappa antibody. By August 1984, the @entity1 had systemic @entity5 as well as polyclonal IgG up to 3,356 mg/dl suggesting rapid progression of the disease. A myelogram showed 7.4% of mature plasma cells. In December 1984, the @entity1 died of complicated obstructive ileus due to multiple mesenteric @entity5 . In this study we discussed on the role of @entity10805 loss and increased of normal globulin level in a @entity5 -forming type multiple @entity1582 .

title: [Tumor-forming type IgA (kappa) multiple XXXX developed into polyclonal hyper gamma-globulinemia after @entity10805 loss].

entities_list: @entity6872 :: ('MESH:D010954', 'Disease') :: ['mature type plasmacytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'costal tumors', 'subcutaneous tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['multiple osteolytic lesions']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the significance by analyzing the expression of @entity3658 ( @entity3658 ) and @entity877 ( @entity877 ) in the tissues of @entity957 ( @entity957 ) of the @entity135 areas and in normal mucosa tissues. METHODS: The expression of @entity3658 and @entity877 in 45 @entity5 samples and 7 normal mucosa tissues were determined by the immunohistochemical method with avidin- @entity1885 -peroxidase complex technique. The results were scored by two independent observers and analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The positive expression of @entity3658 and @entity877 existed in the endothelial cells, epithelial cells and also in @entity957 cells. The positive expression rates of @entity3658 in @entity5 samples was 78% in the endothelial cells, and 87% in @entity957 cells. The positive expression rates of @entity877 in @entity5 samples was 69% in the endothelial cells, and 76% in @entity957 cells. The scores of positive expression of @entity3658 and @entity877 were higher in endothelial cells and in @entity957 cells of @entity5 tissues than that of normal mucosa tissues (rank sum test, P < 0. 05). There was positive correlation between the expression of @entity3658 and @entity877 in the endothelial cells and also in @entity957 cells (Chi-square test with contingency table, P < 0.05). @entity3658 expression in endothelial cells of @entity5 tissues was higher in clinical stage III-IV than that in clinical stage I-II (rank sum test, P < 0.05). @entity877 expression in both endothelial cells and @entity957 cells, were higher in clinical stage II-IV than that in clinical stage I-II (rank sum test, P < 0.05). There was no statistical significance for degrees of @entity3658 and @entity877 expression in different histological grades (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The expressions of @entity3658 and @entity877 in advanced @entity957 were remarkable. @entity3658 and @entity877 may play a critical role during the progress of @entity957 of @entity135 areas.

title: [Expression of angiopoietin-1 and 2 in XXXX of the @entity135 areas and normal mucosa].

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: Oxidative stress occurs as a result of imbalance between generation and detoxification of reactive @entity26 species (ROS). This kind of stress was rarely discussed in connection with foreign protein production in @entity526 . Relation between cytoplasmic recombinant protein expression with @entity274 concentration and @entity5533 activity variation was already reported. The periplasmic space of @entity526 has different oxidative environment in relative to cytoplasm and there are some benefits in periplasmic expression of recombinant proteins. In this study, @entity273 concentration and @entity5533 activity following periplasmic expression of @entity19 @entity58 were measured in @entity526 . After construction of pET2mIL4 plasmid, the expression of recombinant @entity19 @entity58 ( @entity58 ) was confirmed. Then, the @entity274 concentration and @entity5533 activity variation in the cells were studied in exponential and stationary phases at various ODs and were compared to those of wild type cells and empty vector transformed cells. It was revealed that empty vector introduction and periplasmic recombinant protein expression increased significantly the @entity274 concentration of the cells. However, the @entity274 concentration in @entity58 expressing cells was significantly higher than its concentration in empty vector transformed cells, demonstrating more effects of recombinant @entity58 expression on @entity274 elevation. Likewise, although @entity5533 activity was reduced in foreign DNA introduced cells, it was more lowered following expression of recombinant proteins. Correlation between @entity274 concentration elevation and @entity5533 activity reduction with cell growth depletion is also demonstrated. It was also found that recombinant protein expression results in cell size increase.

title: Effect of periplasmic expression of recombinant @entity19 XXXX on @entity273 concentration and @entity5533 activity in @entity526 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity58 :: (16189(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['interleukin-4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Research literature consistently documents that scientifically based therapeutic recommendations are not always followed in the hospital or in the primary care setting. Currently, there is evidence that some general practitioners in Australia are not prescribing appropriately for @entity1 diagnosed with 1) @entity101 ( @entity101 ) and 2) @entity712 ( @entity712 ). The objectives of this study were to improve general practitioner's drug treatment management of these @entity1 through feedback on their own prescribing and small group discussions with peers and a trained group facilitator. The impact evaluation includes quantitative assessment of prescribing changes at 6, 9, 12 and 18 months after the intervention. METHODS: A pragmatic multi site cluster RCT began recruiting practices in October 2009 to evaluate the effects of a multi-faceted quality improvement (QI) intervention on prescribing practice among Australian general practitioners (GP) in relation to @entity1 with @entity712 and @entity101 . General practices were recruited nationally through General Practice Networks across Australia. Participating practices were randomly allocated to one of three groups: two groups received the QI intervention (the prescribing indicator feedback reports and small group discussion) with each group undertaking the clinical topics ( @entity712 and @entity101 ) in reverse order to the other. The third group was waitlisted to receive the intervention 6 months later and acted as a "control" for the other two groups.De-identified data on practice, doctor and @entity1 characteristics and their treatment for @entity712 and @entity101 are extracted at six-monthly intervals before and after the intervention. Post-test comparisons will be conducted between the intervention and control arms using intention to treat analysis and models that account for clustering of practices in a Network and clustering of @entity1 within practices and GPs. DISCUSSION: This paper describes the study protocol for a project that will contribute to the development of acceptable and sustainable methods to promote QI activities within routine general practice, enhance prescribing practices and improve @entity1 outcomes in the context of @entity712 and @entity101 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), Trial # 320870.

title: Prescribing Data in General Practice Demonstration (PDGPD) project--a cluster randomised controlled trial of a quality improvement intervention to achieve better prescribing for XXXX and @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'hypertension']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the results of non-interventional observational cohort studies of 14 772 @entity1 treated with @entity585 and 12 484 @entity1 treated with @entity9940 , both studies being of national proportions and undertaken in general medical practice in England. METHODS: Both studies were undertaken by prescription-event monitoring (PEM), whereby the exposure data are derived from information provided in strict confidence by the Prescription Pricing Authority of the National Health Service. The outcome data are derived from 'green form' questionnaires completed by the prescribing general practitioners (GPs). Additional data are obtained by medical follow-up with the attending practitioners. Adverse experience was measured in three ways; as reports of events which the doctors considered to represent adverse drug reactions; as reports of reasons for stopping the drug; and by studying the incidence density of each reported event. For these purposes a computerized dictionary containing 1430 higher level terms was used. The duration of exposure in the @entity585 study was approximately 1 year and was approximately 6 months in the @entity9940 study. RESULTS: The outcome data on the 14 772 and 12 484 @entity1 treated in the @entity585 and @entity9940 studies were derived from the 63% and 57.4% of the green forms sent out and returned, respectively. The @entity585 cohort included two @entity1 and the @entity9940 cohort 70 @entity1 . The mean (SD) age of the @entity1 in the two cohorts was, respectively, 69.0 (9.2) and 66.2 (11.7) years. Both drugs were well tolerated on long-term therapy and 69.6% (10 274 @entity1 ) of the total @entity585 and 62.0% (7739 @entity1 ) of the total @entity9940 cohort were still receiving the drug at the end of 6 months. In the @entity585 study, @entity323 or ejaculatory failure was reported in 2.0% of the @entity1 still receiving the drug; there were reports of decreased libido in 1.0% and gynaecomastia was reported whilst the drug was still being prescribed in 39 @entity1 (0.3% of the cohort). With @entity9940 , uncommon cases of @entity1296 , @entity10 , malaise and @entity551 (89 reports in 12 484 @entity1 , i.e. 0.7% of the cohort) were common to the findings of reported adverse reactions, reasons for stopping the drug and events of highest incidence density. None of the @entity204 which occurred in either of these large cohorts was attributed by either the reporting GPs or the PEM medical staff to the drugs examined. Conclusion The GPs rated the drugs effective in most @entity1 ; tolerance and adverse experience was consistent with the known pharmacology of the two drugs. No serious, unexpected adverse effects were identified.

title: @entity585 and XXXX used in benign prostatic hypertrophy: a review of the prescription-event monitoring data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['finasteride']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity9940 :: ('MESH:C088482', 'Chemical') :: ['tamsulosin']

answer: @entity9940 :: (MESH:C088482,Chemical) :: ['tamsulosin']


abstract: We studied the relationship between portal pressure and @entity3137 in cirrhotics and the effectiveness of drug therapy in treating these lesions. Colonoscopy and @entity99 ( @entity99 ) studies were performed in 21 cirrhotics. Oral @entity1482 plus transdermal @entity1242 were given to @entity1 who had diffuse mucosal cherry-red spots and/or rectal varices. The colonoscopy and @entity99 determinations were repeated after four weeks. Colonoscopic findings included @entity455 in 13 @entity1 (62%), diffuse cherry-red spots in the rectum in five @entity1 (24%), and rectal varices in eight @entity1 (38%). Overall, @entity3137 were found in 16 cirrhotics (76%). These findings were not found in 21 age- and sex-matched noncirrhotic controls. Vascular @entity4122 appeared without relationship to the @entity99 . @entity1 with diffuse cherry-red spots (N = 5, 22.4+/-3.4 mm Hg) had a significantly higher @entity99 than those without (N = 16, 16.6+/-3.3 mm Hg, P < 0.01). However, no significant difference was found in @entity99 between @entity1 with rectal varices (N = 8, 19.4+/-4.6 mm Hg) and @entity1 without rectal varices (N = 13, 17.2+/-3.8 mm Hg). After four weeks of drug therapy, diffuse cherry-red spots became less obvious when the @entity99 decreased more than 20%. Rectal varices did not change their appearance with @entity99 reduction. We found that @entity14 are common in cirrhotics. Diffuse cherry-red spots are probably dependent on elevated portal pressure, but @entity455 and rectal varices are not related to the degree of portal pressure. Chronic drug therapy with reduction of portal pressure improves colonoscopic findings such as diffuse cherry-red spots.

title: Relationship of portal pressure and @entity14 in XXXX with cirrhosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular ectasias']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['HVPG', 'hepatic venous pressure gradient']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal mucosal vascular lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increased maternal and fetal risks have been reported in pregnancies following @entity249 . Our aims were to examine the obstetric and perinatal outcome of singleton pregnancies in couples with @entity249 and explore the impact of fertility treatment. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity249 were identified from the Aberdeen Fertility Clinic Database. Their unit numbers were matched against the Aberdeen Maternity and Neonatal Databank (AMND) in order to extract obstetric records of those @entity1 with subsequent pregnancy outcomes. The general obstetric population served as a control group. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity249 were older [30.8 versus 27.9 years, 95% confidence interval (CI) for difference = +2.4 to +3.4] and more likely to be primiparous (59 versus 40%, 95% CI = +1.3 to +1.9). After adjusting for age and parity they had a higher incidence of @entity1468 , abruptio placentae, @entity3152 , emergency Caesarean section and induction of labour in comparison with the general population (P < 0.05). Perinatal outcome did not differ between @entity1 with @entity249 and those of the general population. The multiple pregnancy rate was 5.4% higher following fertility treatment than in @entity1 who conceived spontaneously (95% CI = +2.8 to +9.7). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity249 are at higher risk of @entity532 which persist even after adjusting for age, parity and fertility treatment. The reasons are however unclear and merit further study.

title: Review of XXXX and obstetric outcome: a 10 year review.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['unexplained infertility']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labour']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric complications']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['unexplained infertility']


abstract: The recommended methodology of evaluating @entity1 who have presented with reactions to local anesthetics consists of epicutaneous skin testing and serial subcutaneous challenge. However, the role of @entity56 reactions in this group has been poorly documented. Epicutaneous routine testing and subcutaneous challenge to local anesthetic was performed, as well as patch testing and subcutaneous rechallenge of both at 24 and 48 hours with evaluation up to 72 hours was performed. Three @entity1 presented with a history of localized @entity4 after dental anesthesia. All had negative @entity3303 and @entity10541 testing as well as negative @entity3303 challenge on evaluation at 1 hour. The first @entity1 , who had previously reacted to @entity5404 , reacted to both @entity3303 and @entity10541 patch testing and challenge, with delayed @entity4 at 24 and 48 hours after challenge. This @entity1 subsequently tolerated the ester anesthetic @entity4487 . Two other @entity1 had strong histories of @entity5526 . Patch testing and challenge with @entity3303 was negative, but strong reactions were found to @entity12022 on patch testing. @entity1 undergoing local anesthetic testing should be screened historically for features and risk factors associated with @entity56 reactions. This should be considered in @entity1 who react to multiple @entity6346 anesthetics, who have delayed @entity4 , or who have a history of severe @entity5526 . We confirm previous data showing that @entity1 reacting to @entity12022 can tolerate @entity3303 and that @entity3303 -allergic individuals can tolerate @entity13507 anesthetics.

title: @entity56 ( XXXX ) reactions in dental anesthesia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity10541 :: ('MESH:D008619', 'Chemical') :: ['mepivacaine']

entities_list: @entity12022 :: ('MESH:D001566', 'Chemical') :: ['benzocaine']

entities_list: @entity4487 :: ('MESH:C004616', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroprocaine']

entities_list: @entity5526 :: ('MESH:D003877', 'Disease') :: ['contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['type IV']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring (IOPTH) reliably would detect double @entity3243 . METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 20 @entity1 undergoing conventional parathyroidectomy with resection of exactly 2 abnormal glands. Full exploration was performed regardless of IOPTH values, which were measured after anesthetic induction and 5 and 10 minutes following removal of the first abnormal parathyroid gland. Failure to fall below 50% of baseline value by 10 minutes following resection of the first gland indicated the presence of @entity66 . RESULTS: All @entity1 were cured. All excised glands were hypercellular on histology. Mean IOPTH values in 9 of the 20 @entity1 with true negative results (noncurative decrease, another gland present) were 66% +/- 7% at 5 minutes and 83% +/- 15% at 10 minutes. The IOPTH values in 11 of the 20 @entity1 with false positive results (curative decrease, another gland present) were 28% +/- 4% at 5 minutes and 18% +/- 2% at 10 minutes. The false positive rate of IOPTH was 55%. CONCLUSIONS: We found that IOPTH failed to reliably detect the presence of double @entity3243 . These data suggest that caution should be exercised when terminating limited parathyroid exploration based on a curative fall in IOPTH values.

title: Intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring fails to detect double XXXX : a 2-institution experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenomas']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multiglandular disease']

answer: @entity3243 :: (MESH:D010282,Disease) :: ['parathyroid adenomas']


abstract: @entity18697 is a complex anomaly involving the pulmonary parenchyma and its vascularity. From 1975 to 1992, 10 cases have been treated at the UCLA Medical Center. The ages of the seven females and three males were bimodal, the median age of the seven @entity1 was 29 days (range 1 day-6 years); it was 32 years (range 28-39) for the three adults. One @entity1 was delivered by cesarean section for fetal distress and another was born at 29 weeks gestation. Symptoms included: recurrent @entity55 (5), @entity649 (5), hemoptysis (2), stridor (1), and @entity5641 (1). Chest radiographs were consistent with sequestration in seven @entity1 and @entity2914 in another, but incorrectly diagnosed one diaphragmatic eventration and one pulmonary varix. Computed tomographs suggested sequestration in five @entity1 , but mistakenly interpreted a pulmonary varix in one case. Angiography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging were infrequent investigative studies and yielded variable results. All @entity1 underwent thoracotomy and lobectomy without morbidity or mortality. Five had intralobar and five had extralobar sequestration. All adults had intralobar sequestration. Two had aberrant subdiaphragmatic arterial vessels. Eight had vessels originating from the descending thoracic aorta. Nine @entity1 are asymptomatic at six months to 10 years follow up. The 29-week-old premature @entity1 died 30 days postoperatively due to @entity3166 . @entity18697 remains an uncommon entity. The radiologic investigations that provide the most information are the chest radiography and computed tomography. Definitive diagnosis is made at thoracotomy. Pulmonary sequestrations are resected with excellent results by the trained thoracic surgeon who is aware of the unusual vascular connections.

title: XXXX : 17-year experience at UCLA.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity18697 :: ('MESH:D001998', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary sequestration']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity5641 :: ('MESH:D010998', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritis']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic hernia']

answer: @entity18697 :: (MESH:D001998,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary sequestration']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Confirmatory factor analysis ( @entity3795 ) was used to test the hypothesis that the components of the @entity209 are manifestations of a single common factor. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Three different datasets were used to test and validate the model. The Spanish and Mauritian studies included 207 @entity1 and 203 @entity1 and 1,411 @entity1 and 1,650 @entity1 , respectively. A third analytical dataset including 847 @entity1 was obtained from a previously published @entity3795 of a U.S. population. The one-factor model included the @entity209 core components ( @entity1144 , insulin resistance, blood pressure, and lipid measurements). We also tested an expanded one-factor model that included @entity414 and leptin levels. Finally, we used @entity3795 to compare the goodness of fit of one-factor models with the fit of two previously published four-factor models. RESULTS: The simplest one-factor model showed the best goodness-of-fit indexes (comparative fit index 1, root mean-square error of approximation 0.00). Comparisons of one-factor with four-factor models in the three datasets favored the one-factor model structure. The selection of variables to represent the different @entity209 components and model specification explained why previous exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, respectively, failed to identify a single factor for the @entity209 . CONCLUSIONS: These analyses support the current clinical definition of the @entity209 , as well as the existence of a single factor that links all of the core components.

title: A single factor underlies the XXXX : a confirmatory factor analysis.

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: AIMS: The presence of @entity120 ( @entity120 ) in @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) and symptomatic @entity712 is an ominous sign. There are insufficient data regarding the risk conferred by increasing severity of @entity120 in @entity1 with @entity712 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a record linkage study in Tayside, Scotland (population    400,000) utilizing the Tayside echocardiogram database (>50,000 echocardiograms) maintained by the Health Informatics Centre (HIC). Data sets from the HIC include mortality data, cardiovascular medications, and other healthcare activities linked anonymously by the @entity497 ( @entity497 ) number. @entity1 were included in the analysis if they had @entity1002 , had a valid right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) measurement, and had a loop diuretic prescription (provided not more than 1 year prior to echocardiogram). A Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine the effects of RVSP on all-cause mortality. A total of 1612 @entity1 [mean age, 75.2    10.9 (SD) years; 57.4% male] met the entry criteria. Mean RVSP for the cohort was 44.9    13.1 mmHg and mean follow-up was 2.8    2.5 years. For each 5 mmHg stepwise increase in RVSP, after adjustment for confounding factors including the degree of @entity1002 and the presence of @entity1030 , the hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality was 1.06 (1.03-1.08, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity120 predicted all-cause mortality in a heterogeneous group of @entity1 with @entity712 . Each 5 mmHg rise in RVSP was associated with a 6% increased risk of @entity204 .

title: @entity120 predicts all-cause mortality in XXXX with @entity712 : a retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'Pulmonary hypertension', 'PH']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CHI', 'community health index']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVSD', 'left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In porcine aortic endothelial cells, the 21- @entity535 peptide @entity1827 ( @entity1827 ) is formed from a 39-amino acid intermediate big endothelin (big ET) by a putative @entity1828 ( @entity1828 ) that cleaves the 39-mer at the Trp21- @entity2596 22 bond. Because big ET has less than 1% of the contractile activity of @entity1827 , inhibition of @entity1828 should effectively block the biological effects of big ET. Big ET injected intravenously into anesthetized @entity35 produces a sustained pressor response that presumably is due to conversion of big ET to @entity1827 by @entity1828 . We determined the type of protease activity responsible for this conversion by evaluating the effectiveness of protease inhibitors in blocking the pressor response to big ET in ganglion-blocked anesthetized @entity35 . The @entity563 protease inhibitor @entity14630 , the @entity6954 protease inhibitor E-64, and the metalloprotease inhibitors @entity3371 and @entity54446 were ineffective at blocking the pressor response to big ET. However, the metalloprotease inhibitors phosphoramidon and @entity12064 both dose-dependently inhibited the pressor response to big ET, although @entity10743 was substantially more potent than @entity12064 . None of the inhibitors blocked the pressor response to @entity1827 and none had any effect on blood pressure when administered alone as an i.v. bolus to the ganglion-blocked anesthetized @entity35 . However, phosphoramidon infused intravenously at 20 mg/kg/h for 4 h lowered the mean arterial pressure (MAP) in conscious spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRs) whereas @entity54446 at the same dose did not. Our results suggest that @entity1828 is a novel metalloprotease and that @entity1828 inhibitors could have therapeutic potential for the treatment of @entity101 .

title: Phosphoramidon blocks the pressor activity of big endothelin[1-39] and lowers blood pressure in spontaneously @entity101 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity12064 :: ('MESH:D015244', 'Chemical') :: ['thiorphan']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity14630 :: ('MESH:C032854', 'Chemical') :: ['leupeptin']

entities_list: @entity10743 :: ('MESH:C008890', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoramidon']

entities_list: @entity1828 :: ('94204(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['endothelin-converting enzyme', 'ECE']

entities_list: @entity6954 :: ('CHEBI:23511', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteinyl']

entities_list: @entity54446 :: ('MESH:C042591', 'Chemical') :: ['kelatorphan']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The presence or absence of an extensive intraductal component (EIC) in early stage @entity0 has been considered to be an important factor in determining the extent of breast resection required prior to radiation therapy. It would therefore be useful if the presence or absence of an extensive intraductal component in a @entity0 could be predicted pre-operatively. To determine whether selected radiographic features might be correlated with whether or not a @entity5 is EIC+, we reviewed the pre-operative mammographic findings in 105 cases of Stage I and II infiltrating @entity513 . Forty-one cases were EIC+ and 64 were EIC-. Both EIC+ and @entity5 were commonly detectable by mammography (93% and 83%, respectively, p = NS). EIC+ @entity5 , however, were significantly more likely to show microcalcifications with or without a mass compared to EIC- cases (83% vs 27%, p less than 0.0001). In particular, the presence of microcalcifications without a mammographic mass was more common for EIC+ @entity5 than @entity5 (34% vs 5% p = 0.0002). Conversely, a soft tissue mass without microcalcifications was seen mammographically in 56% of EIC- cases, compared to only 10% of EIC+ cases (p less than 0.0001). Predictive value calculations showed that the presence of microcalcifications in the absence of a mammographic mass conveys a 73% likelihood a @entity5 will be EIC+ (95% confidence interval = 39-94%). The positive predictive value of a mammographic mass or architectural distortion without microcalcifications for an @entity5 was 92% (95% confidence interval = 79-98%). We conclude that the mammographic findings may be useful pre-operatively in differentiating between @entity1 with and without an EIC. Microcalcifications are much more commonly associated with EIC+ @entity5 than @entity5 , and the presence of an @entity5 without a mammographic mass is infrequent. Further characterization of the extent and pattern of microcalcifications might improve the predictive value of mammography in the pre-operative identification of @entity1 with an EIC.

title: Can the clinical and mammographic findings at presentation predict the presence of an extensive intraductal component in early stage XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['EIC- cancer', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'EIC- cancers', 'EIC- tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma', 'breast tumor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We conducted this study to determine the prevalence of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) and its risk factors in Karachi, Pakistan. BACKGROUND: Migrant South Asians residing in the West have one of the highest rates of @entity453 in the world. Estimates of disease in nonmigrant populations are conflicting. METHODS: We conducted a population-based cross-sectional survey on 320 randomly selected adults aged > or = 40 years. @entity453 was defined as the composite outcome of (1) abnormalities indicative of definite or probable @entity453 based on the Minnesota classification of electrocardiogram or (2) past history of @entity299 . RESULTS: The overall prevalence of @entity453 (95% CI) was 26.9% (22.3%-32.0%): 23.7% (17.8%-30.9%) in @entity1 vs 30.0% (23.4-37.5%) in @entity1 (P = .12). Risks did not differ substantially by age group. The factors (odds ratio, 95% CI) independently associated with @entity453 were current @entity286 use (2.12, 1.21-3.73), systolic blood pressure (1.08, 1.02-1.15, for each 5 mm Hg increase), and @entity644 (2.49, 1.04-5.95). @entity453 odds for @entity1 vs @entity1 (1.38, 0.84-2.62) increased to 1.60 (0.93-2.75), when adjusted for key risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: One in 4 middle-aged adults in Pakistan has prevalent @entity453 . Risks are uniformly high in the young and in @entity1 . Concerted efforts are needed to prevent the epidemic of @entity65 in South Asia, focusing on @entity101 , @entity6 , smoking, and @entity2299 .

title: @entity299 in Pakistan: XXXX and @entity1 at equal risk.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart attack']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery disease', 'CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During @entity449 surgery, cross-clamping can lead to inadequate blood supply to the spinal cord resulting in @entity51 . Cerebrospinal fluid drainage (CSFD) may increase the perfusion pressure to the spinal cord and hence reduce the risk of ischaemic @entity1566 . OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of CSFD during @entity2334 ( @entity2334 ) surgery on the risk of developing @entity1566 . SEARCH METHODS: For this update the Cochrane @entity1095 Group Trials Search Co-ordinator searched the Specialised Register (last searched May 31 2012) and CENTRAL (2012, Issue 5) for publications describing randomised controlled trials of cerebrospinal fluid drainage for @entity2334 surgery. Reference lists of relevant articles were checked. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials involving CSFD during @entity1514 and @entity2334 surgery. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Both authors assessed the quality of trials independently. SNK extracted data and GS verified the data. MAIN RESULTS: Three trials with a total of 287 @entity1 operated on for Type I or II @entity2334 were included.In the first trial of 98 @entity1 , @entity51 in the lower extremities occurred in 14 (30%) of CSFD group and 17 (33%) controls. The deficit was observed within 24 hours of the operation in 21 (68%), and from three to 22 days in 10 (32%) @entity1 . CSFD did not have a significant benefit in preventing @entity130 to the spinal cord.The second trial of 33 @entity1 used a combination of CSFD and intrathecal @entity3302 . It showed a statistically significant reduction in the rate of postoperative @entity51 (P = 0.039), compared to controls. Analysis was undertaken after only one third of the estimated sample size had entered the trial.In the third trial @entity2334 repair was performed on 145 @entity1 . CSFD was initiated during the operation and continued for 48 hours after surgery. @entity451 or @entity1746 occurred in 9 of 74 @entity1 (12.2%) in the control group versus 2 of 82 @entity1 (2.7%) receiving CSFD (P = 0.03). Overall, CSFD resulted in an 80% reduction in the relative risk of @entity86 . Meta-analysis showed an odds ratio (OR) of 0.48 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.25 to 0.92). For CSFD-only trials, OR was 0.57 (95% CI 0.28 to 1.17) and for intention-to-treat analysis in CSFD-only studies, the OR remained unchanged. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There are limited data supporting the role of CSFD in @entity1514 and thoracoabdominal @entity439 surgery for prevention of @entity16 . Further clinical and experimental studies are indicated.

title: Cerebrospinal fluid drainage for XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral Vascular Diseases']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological injury']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits', 'neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm', 'TAAA']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative deficits']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['Paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic injury']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: We investigated the clinical significance and mechanism of the R-on-T phenomenon in the current thrombolytic @entity7971 as potential precipitant of R-on-T-induced early @entity1165 in @entity1 with a thrombolysed @entity583 . We also examined the role of QT dispersion on ventricular vulnerability and its association with R-on-T-initiated @entity1165 . A total of 93 @entity1 underwent 24-hour Holter monitoring starting at hospital admission before thrombolysis. @entity1 were classified into 2 groups: those with (n = 76) and those without (n = 17) reperfusion according to electrocardiographic criteria. All R-on-T @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) and R-on-T-initiated arrhythmic events ( @entity1165 [ @entity1165 ], @entity2224 ) were counted to estimate @entity943 density and severity in 2 time periods during and after completion of thrombolysis. Measurements of QT and QTc intervals and dispersion parameters were obtained on the 12-lead electrocardiogram before thrombolysis and at 24 hours in @entity1 with and without R-on-T VTs. Overall, R-on-T @entity1540 were rarely observed (1.8% of total @entity1540 over 24 hours), occurring more frequently during than after thrombolysis (at a rate of 8 vs 0.6 @entity1540 /hour, p = NS) and at a higher rate during thrombolysis in nonreperfused than in perfused @entity1 (15 vs 8/hour, p = NS). Three VF episodes were observed in 1 reperfused @entity1 , and all were R-on-T initiated. Episodes of nonsustained R-on-T VTs (3.3% of total VTs over 24 hours) appeared more frequent during than after thrombolysis (at a rate of 0.8 vs 0.05 @entity1540 / hour, p = NS), and compared with non-R-on-T VTs they were significantly faster (374 +/- 56 ms vs 411 +/- 69 ms; p < 0.05), with a trend toward longer duration. Our findings indicate that R-on-T @entity1540 and R-on-T VTs are early rare features in @entity583 , and do not serve as triggers of severe @entity1165 . The study of ventricular repolarization did not elicit an identifiable risk factor of R-on-T @entity1165 susceptibility.

title: Significance of R-on-T phenomenon in early @entity1165 susceptibility after @entity583 in the thrombolytic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'VT', 'ventricular tachycardia', 'ventricular tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular premature complexes', 'VPCs']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity7971 :: (26284,Gene) :: ['era']


abstract: Although toxicology screening is often used when treating @entity130 @entity1 , its utility and significance remain controversial. Data from 623 toxicology screens performed in urban @entity130 center @entity1 with mental status alterations are reported. The study @entity1 were predominantly black and male, with a mean age of 32 (+/- 22) years. Overall, 86% of screens were positive. Substances of abuse, including @entity1068 , were noted in 525 (84%) of urine toxicology screens. @entity1068 , cannabinoids, and @entity2072 were the drugs most commonly found in urine, with positivity noted in 53%, 37%, and 34% of screens. Serum analysis was 44% positive, with @entity1068 noted in 41% of @entity1 . In blacks, the odds ratio of illicit drug use before @entity130 ranged from 1.9 to 4.2 (p less than 0.005), and in those aged 17 to 40 years, the odds ratio for illicit urine drugs ranged from 4.7 to 16.8 (p less than 0.001). In @entity1 older than 40 years, the odds of a positive serum @entity1068 level were 1.7 times greater than in younger @entity1 , and a level above 300 mg% was 3.8 times more likely in this age group (p less than 0.001). When serum @entity1068 was detected, the odds ratio of a @entity542 was 1.4 relative to patients without serum @entity1068 (p less than 0.06), and the odds ratio for @entity3511 was 1.6 for patients with serum @entity1068 (p less than 0.03). The odds of a TS less than 12 were 1.8 (p less than 0.05), and the odds of a GCS less than 12 were 3.3 (p less than 0.001) with @entity1068 levels greater than 100 mg%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Toxicology screening in urban XXXX @entity1 : drug prevalence and its relationship to @entity130 severity and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal injury']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: A consecutive series of 100 primary total hip arthroplasties were performed at a single institution on 87 @entity1 using a cementless collared @entity702 press-fit stem. Of @entity1 , 87% received a hemispheric porous-coated cup, and 13% received a nonmodular @entity702 fibermesh press-fit cup. Ten hips were excluded from the longer-term evaluation: 6 were lost to follow-up, and 4 @entity1 were deceased. Ninety hips, with an average follow-up of 81 +/- 12 months, were retrospectively reviewed. The average postoperative hip score was 94, compared with an average preoperative hip score of 42. No @entity86 were observed, but there were 2 cases of @entity86 (2%) and 1 case of thigh @entity158 (1%) at last follow-up. There were 2 revisions, both for cup failures. There were no femoral component loosenings or revisions. There was no evidence of stem subsidence or instability. These midterm results are encouraging with this stem design.

title: Cementless primary total hip arthroplasty with a tapered, proximally porous-coated XXXX prosthesis: a 4- to 8-year retrospective review.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infections', 'postoperative dislocation']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: High-risk @entity1 papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the causative agents of certain @entity1 @entity5 . HPV @entity1799 ( @entity1799 ) is the papillomavirus most frequently associated with cervical @entity5 in @entity1 . The E6 and E7 genes of HPV are expressed in cells derived from these @entity5 and can transform cells in tissue culture. Animal experiments have demonstrated that E6 and E7 together cause @entity5 . We showed previously that E6 and E7 together or E7 alone could induce @entity1489 in @entity19 when these genes were expressed in the basal epithelia of the skin. In this study, we investigated the role that the E6 gene plays in @entity105 . We generated K14E6 @entity19 , in which the @entity1799 E6 gene was directed in its expression by the @entity1 keratin 14 promoter ( @entity6881 ) to the basal layer of the epidermis. We found that E6 induced cellular hyperproliferation and @entity1373 and caused @entity1489 in adult @entity19 . Interestingly, the @entity5 derived from E6 were mostly malignant, as opposed to the @entity5 from E7 @entity19 , which were mostly benign. This result leads us to hypothesize that E6 may contribute differently than E7 to HPV-associated @entity105 ; whereas E7 primarily contributes to the early stages of @entity105 that lead to the formation of @entity5 , E6 primarily contributes to the late stages of @entity105 that lead to @entity5 .

title: The XXXX E6 gene alone is sufficient to induce carcinomas in transgenic animals.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'benign tumors', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity1799 :: (333760,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus type 16']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We analyzed 82 single-fiber EMG (SFEMG) tests in the extensor digitorum communis muscle in 30 @entity7235 ( @entity7235 ) @entity1 to study the relationship between electrodiagnostic findings and clinical severity. METHODS: The repetitive nerve stimulation test was performed in the abductor digiti quinti and flexor carpi ulnaris muscles. SFEMG was performed in the extensor digitorum communis muscle using the conventional method. RESULTS: Fiber density was normal in all @entity1 . Jitter was abnormal in all @entity1 at the first evaluation regardless of clinical severity. The jitter was increasingly abnormal with worsening disease severity. Mean @entity2826 correlated well with clinical and electrophysiological severity. In 5 potential pairs in 3 @entity1 , @entity2826 analysis in relation to firing rate showed improvement with increasing firing rates, which is consistent with presynaptic neuromuscular transmission disorders. CONCLUSIONS: In all @entity7235 studies, SFEMG was abnormal on the first evaluation. The mean @entity2826 correlated well with clinical and electrophysiological disease severity on the repetitive nerve stimulation test.

title: Single-fiber EMG and clinical correlation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7235 :: ('MESH:D015624', 'Disease') :: ['Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome', 'LEMS']

answer: @entity7235 :: (MESH:D015624,Disease) :: ['Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome']


abstract: The aim of the present nationwide Greek study is to assess whether survival from @entity981 ( @entity981 ) and @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) is modified by socioeconomic status (SES) and area remoteness. Detailed precoded information derived from a personal interview conducted by specially trained health personnel with the @entity1 guardians was available for 883 @entity981 and 111 @entity3052 incident childhood cases registered in the Nationwide Registry for Childhood @entity1583 during the period 1996-2010. Parental socioprofessional category was recorded on the basis of ISCO68 and ISCO88 codes; the exact traveling distance between residence and the treating hospital was ad hoc calculated. Multivariate Cox's proportional hazards models were applied to examine the mutually adjusted associations between survival and potential predictors. @entity1 from a lower parental socioprofessional category experienced 40% worse survival (P=0.02) independent of age, sex, and @entity981 subtype, whereas those whose parents were married had better outcomes (rate ratio: 0.47, P=0.01). Urbanization of residence at diagnosis or 'residence to treating hospital' distance was not nominally associated with survival from @entity981 . By contrast, no noteworthy associations implicating SES were found for @entity3052 survival, probably because of the @entity66 and small numbers. Lower SES indicators and a single-parenthood family milieu seem to be independently associated with unfavorable outcomes from @entity981 . Area remoteness might not be a significant outcome predictor during recent years, following considerable improvements in the motorway infrastructures and care delivery patterns. This study may provide a valuable snapshot capturing the impact of socioeconomic covariates before the burst of the Greek financial crisis.

title: Socioeconomic status, area remoteness, and survival from childhood leukemia: results from the Nationwide Registry for Childhood XXXX in Greece.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['childhood ALL', 'ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['burden of the disease']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['Hematological Malignancies']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['Hematological Malignancies']


abstract: @entity2 is a highly aggressive @entity5 which is reflected by a multitude of genetic aberrations being detectable on the chromosomal and molecular level. In order to understand this seemingly genetic chaos, we performed Comparative Genomic Hybridisation (CGH) in a large collective of @entity1 @entity2 investigating different @entity5 entities as well as multiple individual @entity5 specimens of single @entity1 . Despite the considerable genetic instability being reflected by the well known morphological @entity2 the comparison of different @entity5 groups using custom made computer software revealed recurrent aberration patterns and highlighted chromosomal imbalances that were significantly associated with morphological histotypes and biological phenotypes. Specifically we identified imbalances in NSCLC being associated with @entity3 formation which are typically present in @entity4153 thus explaining why the latter is such an aggressive @entity5 characterized by @entity5 dissemination. Based on the genetic data a new model for the development of @entity4153 is presented. It suggests that @entity4153 evolving from the same stem cell as NSCLC should be differentiated into primary and secondary @entity5 . Primary @entity4153 corresponding to the classical type evolved directly from an epithelial precursor cell. In contrast, secondary @entity4153 correlating with the combined @entity4153 develops via an NSCLC intermediate. In addition, we established libraries of differentially expressed genes from different @entity1 @entity2 types to identify new candidate genes for several of the chromosomal subregions identified by CGH. In this review, we summarise the status of our results aiming at a refined classification of @entity2 based on the pattern of genetic aberrations.

title: Towards a genetic-based classification of XXXX @entity2 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'widespread tumor', 'neoplasm', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer', 'heterogeneity of lung cancer', 'lung carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The aims of this study were to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), @entity137 and pharmacokinetics of oral @entity2903 administered over 42 d in @entity1 with recurrent/refractory @entity1313 . Cohorts of 3-6 @entity1 were treated for 42 d, followed by a 7-d rest period for a maximum of 6 cycles. @entity1 were stratified as heavily pre-treated (HPT) and @entity3257 ( @entity3257 ). Starting doses were 50 mg/m2 (HPT) or 75 mg/m2 ( @entity3257 ). Out of 28 @entity1 enrolled, 20 were evaluable for @entity137 and 19 for pharmacokinetics. Three @entity1 in the @entity3257 group developed grade 3/4 haematological @entity137 , 2 experienced dose-limiting @entity137 ( @entity882 ) at 100 mg/m2, and 9/20 developed grade 3 @entity2905 . MTD in both strata was 85 mg/m2. Responses were observed in 4 @entity1 : 2 complete responses (CR) in @entity2946 and supratentorial @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and 2 partial responses (PR) in high-grade @entity11 , respectively. Overall cumulative exposure was at least 1.5 times higher than in the 5-d administration schedule. In conclusion, the recommended dose of @entity2903 is 85 mg/m2 x 42 d. Dose-limiting @entity137 are @entity882 and @entity2905 . The observed response rate warrants phase II studies.

title: Safety and pharmacokinetics of @entity2903 using a dose-escalation, metronomic schedule in recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primitive neuroectodermal tumours', 'PNET']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['NHPT', 'non-heavily pre-treated']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['paediatric brain tumours']


abstract: @entity1031 ( @entity1031 ) is an uncommon entity in childhood. Overall 25% of @entity1 with @entity715 and more than 40% of @entity1 with central venous line (CVL) -related @entity1031 enrolled on the Canadian Pediatric Thrombophilia Registry had underlying diagnosis of @entity5 . However, so far there are very little data describing the epidemiology of @entity1031 in @entity1 with @entity5 . Most of the available information in this area originates mainly from retrospective and some prospective observational cohort studies conducted in @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ). Although @entity981 has been the most common @entity5 reported in association with @entity715 in @entity1 , available data from small studies indicate that @entity1031 is equally common in @entity1 with @entity3052 and @entity706 . @entity1031 in association with @entity1778 and @entity706 seems to be a multifactorial entity. Potential risk factors include increased @entity556 generation related to @entity1778 , age of the @entity1 , use of CVL, chemotherapy including asparaginase and corticosteroids, infections, and inherited prothrombotic state. Management of @entity1031 in a @entity1 with @entity5 presents a unique challenge in terms of balancing risk versus benefit. Conservative therapy could lead to clot extension and risks of additional morbidity or mortality; however, chemotherapy-related @entity882 and @entity1003 increase the risk of @entity548 complications. In summary, @entity1031 is a frequent and serious complication in @entity1 with @entity1583 . More prospective studies are required to define the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of @entity1031 in @entity1 with @entity1583 .

title: XXXX in pediatric @entity1583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['Thromboembolism', 'TE']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['Thromboembolic complications']


abstract: This study was designed to validate an in vivo measurement of the functional sensitivity of basal ganglia neuronal circuits containing @entity935 D2 receptors. We hypothesized that a D2 agonist would decrease striatopallidal neuronal activity, and hence regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) over the axon terminals in the globus pallidus. Quantitative pallidal blood flow was measured using positron emission tomography (PET) with bolus injections of H215O and arterial sampling in six @entity6599 before and after intravenous administration of the selective D2 agonist @entity44152 . We also tested whether the response to U91356a was modified by previous acute administration of various antagonists. Another @entity3474 had serial measurements of blood flow under identical conditions, but received no dopaminergic drugs. In all animals that received U91356a, pallidal flow decreased in a dose-related manner. Global CBF had a similar response, but the decline in pallidal flow was greater in magnitude and remained significant after accounting for the global effect. A D2 antagonist, but not antagonists of D1, @entity750 -2, or peripheral D2 receptors, prevented this decrease. This work demonstrates and validates an in vivo measure of the sensitivity of D2-mediated basal ganglia pathways. It also supports the hypothesis that activation of the indirect striatopallidal pathway, previously demonstrated using nonselective D2-like agonists, can be mediated specifically by D2 receptors. We speculate that the U91356a-PET technique may prove useful in detecting functional abnormalities of D2-mediated dopaminergic function in diseases such as @entity304 , @entity3519 , @entity4676 , or @entity161 .

title: PET measurement of XXXX D2 receptor-mediated changes in striatopallidal function.

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity4676 :: ('MESH:D005879', 'Disease') :: ['Tourette syndrome']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have shown that @entity5119 reduces restenosis after balloon angioplasty. Whether @entity5119 acted via prevention of neointimal formation or improvement in vascular remodeling could not be addressed by angiography and required the use of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). METHODS AND RESULTS: Beginning 30 days before angioplasty, 317 @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive @entity5119 , multivitamins, combined treatment, or placebo. @entity1 were then treated for 6 months after angioplasty. IVUS examination was performed immediately after angioplasty and at follow-up in 94 @entity1 (111 segments). The cross section selected for serial analysis was the one at the angioplasty site with the smallest lumen area at follow-up. In the placebo group, lumen area decreased by -1. 21+/-1.88 @entity202 at follow-up, and wall area and external elastic membrane (EEM) area increased by 1.50+/-2.50 and 0.29+/-2.93 @entity202 , respectively. Change in lumen area, however, correlated more strongly with the change in EEM area (r=0.53, P=0.002) than with the change in wall area (r=-0.13, P=0.49). Lumen loss was -1.21+/-1.88 @entity202 for placebo, -0.83+/-1.22 @entity202 for @entity2221 , -0.25+/-1.17 @entity202 for combined treatment, and -0.15+/-1.70 @entity202 for @entity5119 alone (P=0.002 for @entity5119 , P=0.84 for @entity2221 ). Change in wall area was similar for all groups. EEM area increased by 0.29+/-2.93 @entity202 for placebo, 0. 09+/-2.33 @entity202 for @entity2221 only, 1.17+/-1.61 @entity202 for combined treatment, and 1.74+/-1.80 @entity202 for @entity5119 only (P=0.005 for @entity5119 ). CONCLUSIONS: Lumen loss after balloon angioplasty is due to inadequate vessel remodeling in response to neointimal formation. @entity5119 exerts its antirestenotic effects by improving vascular remodeling after angioplasty.

title: Effects of XXXX on vascular remodeling after coronary angioplasty. Multivitamins and Protocol Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2221 :: ('CHEBI:33229', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamins']

entities_list: @entity5119 :: ('MESH:D011341', 'Chemical') :: ['Probucol', 'probucol']

answer: @entity5119 :: (MESH:D011341,Chemical) :: ['probucol']


abstract: @entity2220 is one of the most frequent causes of @entity3483 ( @entity3483 ). The presence of @entity3483 bears a poor prognosis. Although epigenetic changes are commonly related to @entity1 @entity5 , scarce date is available on @entity1 with @entity3483 . We aimed to estimate the prognostic value of DNA methylation of @entity5 suppressor genes from pleural fluid. Thirty @entity1 with @entity3483 due to @entity2220 were prospectively included. Methylation-specific (MS) PCR was used to study the methylation status of the promoter region of @entity5 suppressor genes @entity986 / @entity986 , @entity8724 , @entity5345 and @entity4882 in pleural fluid. Clinical data and survival were collected. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier plots and Cox regression. Hypermethylation in at least one gene was detected in 25 @entity1 (83.3%). On multivariate analysis factors significantly associated with shorter survival were the lack of hypermethylation in any of the studied genes (hazard ratio = 9.3; p = 0.001), Charlson index >=  3 (hazard ratio = 9.6, p = 0.002) and no oncological treatment (hazard ratio = 11.1; p < 0.001). Analysis of aberrant promoter hypermethylation of @entity5 suppressor genes may be useful in predicting prognosis, but further studies are needed to validate our findings.

title: Prognostic value of aberrant hypermethylation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusions', 'MPE']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma', 'Lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['pleural effusion of lung adenocarcinoma']


abstract: AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate trends in the incidence of @entity1939 and the association with laser photocoagulation in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 in Japan. METHODS: @entity1 diagnosed between 1965 and 1979 aged under 18 years old were studied. The status of @entity1939 and laser photocoagulation was identified as of 1 January 1995. To examine the time trend, we divided the cohort into two groups: 285 @entity1 diagnosed between 1965 and 1969 (65-69 cohort) and 769 @entity1 diagnosed between 1975 and 1979 (75-79 cohort). Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the demographic characteristics. RESULTS: Blindness developed in 60 subjects in the 65-69 cohort and 15 subjects in the 75-79 cohort. The incidence of @entity1939 in the 75-79 cohort was significantly lower than that in the 65-69 cohort (p<0.0001). In spite of no change in the use of laser photocoagulation in the 75-79 cohort compared with the 65-69 cohort, the hazard ratio for the @entity1939 in those who received laser photocoagulation in the 75-79 cohort decreased significantly to 0.55 (p<0.01) compared with those in the 65-69 cohort when adjusted for the age of onset, sex, and time of diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity1939 decreased significantly for the subjects diagnosed more recently. The change in quality and the earlier introduction of laser photocoagulation might have contributed to the decreased incidence of @entity1939 observed over time.

title: Blindness and laser photocoagulation in XXXX with childhood-onset type 1 @entity6 in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']