abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity2335 is a symptom complex characterized by @entity2371 , urinary urgency, urinary frequency, and @entity2183 . @entity1 with these symptoms, at the 5 clinical centers participating in the National @entity2335 Data Base (ICDB) Study, have been evaluated with history and physical exams, questionnaires, and urodynamic studies. METHODS: Of the 388 female subjects entered in the study as of December 31, 1995, 150 @entity1 have undergone cystoscopy with hydrodistension. The data from the endoscopic procedures and the urodynamic studies were analyzed. The associations among cystoscopic and urodynamic findings were reviewed. RESULTS: @entity1 demographics of this subgroup show a predominance of Caucasians 139/150 (92.7%), with the average age being 43 (+/-13.2) years. Of the total, 17 @entity1 (11.3%) had a @entity195 ( @entity195 ). The prevalence by center varied from a low of 2/38 (5.3%) to a high of 3/9 (33.3%). Bloody effluent following hydrodistension was present in 113/150 (75.3%). Glomerulations appeared in varying degrees (mild, moderate, severe) in 91.3% of the 150 @entity1 . There was a strong inverse relationship (P < 0.001) between bladder capacity under anesthesia and the presence of a @entity195 (mean of 845 cc with @entity195 absent versus a mean of 531 cc when present). The incidence of @entity195 varied from 67.6% among @entity1 with a bladder capacity at hydrodistension of < 400 cc to 3.8% for those with a bladder capacity of at least 800 cc. The presence and increasing severity of glomerulations was positively associated (P < 0.003) with the presence of @entity195 , ranging from 0/13 (0%) when glomerulations were not present to 6/31 (19.4%) when glomerulations were graded as severe. Of the @entity1 with @entity195 , 17/17 (100%) had glomerulations after hydrodistension. @entity195 is more closely associated with the moderate to severe range of glomerulations (P < 0.01). Nearly half of the @entity1 with @entity195 or 8/17 (47.1%) had "moderate" glomerulations, while 6/17 (35.3%) had "severe" glomerulations. The volume at first sensation to void on urodynamics (mean 87 cc without @entity195 versus 34.7 cc with @entity195 ) was highly inversely associated (P = 0.002) with the presence of @entity195 , but not with any of the other cystoscopic findings. Of @entity1 with @entity195 , 94% had a volume at first sensation to void of < or = 50 cc where only 36% of @entity1 without @entity195 had a volume at first sensation to void of < or = 50 cc. The volume at maximum capacity on urodynamics was positively associated with the volume at hydrodistension (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, @entity1 with @entity195 had lower bladder capacities, lower volumes at first sensation to void, and more severe glomerulations. Thus, the presence of @entity195 would imply a more severe case of @entity2335 . Logically, a higher bladder capacity on cystometrogram is associated with a higher volume at the time of hydrodistension, and bloody effluent is associated with more severe glomerulations.

title: Associations among cystoscopic and urodynamic findings for XXXX enrolled in the @entity2335 Data Base (ICDB) Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['HP', "Hunner's patch"]

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['Interstitial cystitis', 'Interstitial Cystitis', 'interstitial cystitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: There is no consensus regarding the optimal timing of @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) for residual or recurrent @entity976 or the preferred treatment modality between fractionated radiotherapy (FRT) and gamma-knife radiosurgery (GKRS) in terms of morbidity and efficacy. This study aims to clarify the optimal timing of @entity1161 for residual or recurrent @entity5 by analyzing the outcomes of @entity1161 as a salvage or adjunctive treatment, and to compare the therapeutic efficacy of FRT and GKRS. Between April 1995 and November 2009, 50 of 129 @entity1 received @entity1161 for recurrent or @entity41 . The @entity1 were analyzed for medical data, endocrine outcome, long-term morbidity and mortality rates, recurrence rates, and responses to adjuvant @entity1161 and GKRS. Mean progression-free survival was 92.5 months (95% confidence interval, 70.9-114.1 months). Univariate analysis revealed that pre-irradiation @entity5 volume was closely related to better prognosis (p=0.01). We found that there was no significant difference in recurrence between @entity1 treated with adjuvant compared to salvage @entity1161 (p>0.05). Although we found no difference in the efficacy of FRT and GKRS, five @entity1 were newly diagnosed with @entity4614 following @entity1161 . We concluded that @entity1161 has a very high rate of @entity5 control after both adjuvant or salvage @entity1161 . This study highlights the relative safety and efficacy of FRT and GKRS.

title: The therapeutic efficacy of fractionated radiotherapy and gamma-knife radiosurgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'radiation treatment']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngioma']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['craniopharyngiomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity301 is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. A high-fat diet, rich in saturated @entity1718 and low in @entity1474 , is said to be an important cause of @entity731 and @entity65 . METHODS: In this experimental study, 40 male @entity95 were randomly assigned to eight groups of five to receive normal diet, hypercholesterolemic diet, normal diet plus ghee, normal diet plus olive oil, normal diet plus hydrogenated oil, hypercholesterolemic diet plus ghee, hypercholesterolemic diet plus olive oil, and hypercholesterolemic diet plus hydrogenated oil. They received @entity95 chow for a period of 12 weeks. At the start and end of the study, fasting blood samples were taken from all animals to measure biochemical factors including total @entity165 (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), @entity412 (TG), @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Moreover, aorta, left and right coronary arteries were dissected at the end of the study to investigate @entity1856 ( @entity1856 ). Data was analyzed in SPSS at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: In @entity95 under normal diet, ghee significantly increased TC, LDL, and HDL compared to the beginning (P < 0.01) and also to the other two types of fat (P < 0.05). Moreover, normal diet plus olive oil significantly enhanced @entity1856 in left coronary arteries and aorta compared to normal diet plus ghee. In groups receiving hypercholesterolemic diets, ghee significantly increased HDL and CRP (P < 0.05) and significantly decreased @entity1503 (P < 0.01). The hypecholesterolemic diet plus olive oil significantly increased HDL (P < 0.01). Supplementation of hypecholesterolemic diet with ghee significantly increased HDL and @entity1503 in comparison with hydrogenated oil. Significant increase of @entity1503 was also detected with the use of ghee compared to olive oil. Ghee also significantly reduced @entity1856 in left and right coronary arteries compared to olive oil. @entity1856 in left coronary arteries was significantly lower in the hypecholesterolemic diet plus ghee group compared to the hypecholesterolemic diet plus hydrogenated oil group. CONCLUSION: According to the achieved results, future clinical trial studies and investigation of other risk factors such as inflammatory factors are required.

title: Effects of dietary supplementation with ghee, hydrogenated oil, or olive oil on lipid profile and @entity1856 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['FBS', 'fasting blood sugar']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['FSF', 'fatty streak formation']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: @entity542 is common in @entity1 . In the absence of evidence-based recommendations, variations exist in the initial emergency department (ED) evaluation and treatment of @entity1 with @entity542 . We sought to describe the use of computed tomography (CT) over time in the treatment of @entity1 with acute closed @entity542 in US EDs. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Care Survey database from 1995 to 2003. We identified @entity1 aged 0 to 18 years, with @entity542 by chief complaint or discharge diagnosis. We collected the following data: chief complaint, @entity1 demographics, @entity1 disposition, discharge diagnosis, and use of CT. Frequency and characteristics of the use of CT scan for evaluation of @entity1 with @entity542 . We used descriptive statistics with appropriate weighting to account for the survey methodology. We determined the frequency and the characteristics of the use of CT scans for evaluation of @entity1 with @entity542 . We used descriptive statistics with appropriate weighting to account for the survey methodology. RESULTS: We identified 2,747 @entity1 encounters, representing 10,536,717 pediatric @entity542 during the 9-year period. The use of CT increased from 12.8% to 22.4% from 1995 to 2003, with a peak of 28.6% in 2000. CT was used more frequently in the older age groups: 13% (<1 year), 11% (1 to 4 years), 20% (5 to 9 years), and 32% (10 to 18 years). CT was also used more frequently in general EDs (22%) than in pediatric-specific EDs (13%). There were no differences in CT use between teaching and nonteaching facilities (21% in each). Overall, 6.4% of @entity1 were either admitted to the hospital or transferred, and this rate remained stable over time. CONCLUSION: The use of CT has increased substantially in the evaluation of @entity1 with @entity542 from 1995 to 2003. Further study is needed to identify objective criteria for cranial CT in head-injured @entity1 and to evaluate the impact of increased CT use on @entity1 outcomes.

title: XXXX : changes in use of computed tomography in emergency departments in the United States over time.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Head trauma', 'head trauma', 'head trauma visits']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['Pediatric head trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As in all @entity11 , recurrence is an inherent feature of @entity3271 , either as the same or higher grade @entity5 at the primary site. The rate of remote recurrence after surgery for the @entity5 cannot be estimated from the scarce literature, but delayed treatment of the @entity5 and genetic alterations may be associated with this phenomenon. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 40-year-old @entity1 presented with generalized @entity410 . A magnetic resonance imaging scan disclosed a right frontal @entity66 showing features of a @entity11 for which he refused any treatment. Seven months after diagnosis upon uncontrollable @entity410 , he underwent a stereotactic biopsy, which was followed by a right frontal craniotomy, both of which confirmed the lesion as a grade 2 @entity3271 . Six months after surgery, the @entity1 presented with a @entity75 without evidence of recurrence at the primary site. The genetic analysis of the primary and recurrent @entity5 showed trisomy 7, monosomy 10, but @entity44087 or 19q deletions, which have been proposed as markers for favorable prognosis. CONCLUSION: Recurrence of @entity75 remote from the primary site as a @entity11 is a rare occurrence. Single-cell invasion across the corpus callosum with subsequent or simultaneous malignant degeneration into a secondary @entity11 is the likely mechanism. As the genetic analysis suggests, conversion of @entity3271 to @entity11 may be associated with @entity2526 , and other genetic markers that may represent late events in the oncogenesis of @entity5 .

title: Glioblastomatous recurrence of XXXX remote from the original site: a case report.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'oligodendroglial tumors', 'primary tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['a frontal lobe oligodendroglioma', 'left frontal lobe GBM']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse gliomas', 'GBM', 'low-grade glioma']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['gain of chromosome 7, loss of chromosome 10']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas', 'oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity3271 :: (MESH:D009837,Disease) :: ['oligodendroglioma']


abstract: Eighteen anaesthetized open chest @entity468 were subjected to 10, 30, or 50 min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Heart rate, left ventricular end-diastolic (LVEDP) and systolic pressure (LVSP), and dp/dt were continuously recorded during the experiments. Prior to @entity432 , and just before termination of the experiments, blood samples were collected from the left femoral artery for measurements of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), @entity2661 , electrolytes, @entity1133 , and @entity1011 . Simultaneously, biopsies were collected from the right auricular wall. The tissue was embedded in Lowicryl K4M, and ultrathin sections were incubated with anti-ANF antibodies and secondary antibodies conjugated to gold particles. The density of ANF-containing atrial-specific granules labelled with gold particles was morphometrically calculated. LVEDP increased significantly in all three time groups, and when pooling the pre- and postocclusion values, there was an increase from 5.1 +/- 0.4 to 10.3 +/- 1.2 mmHg (p < 0.05). The @entity1063 level increased from 0.93 +/- 0.18 to 2.34 +/- 0.75 nmol l-1 (p < 0.05) after @entity432 . Similarly, the mean plasma level of ANF in the 18 @entity468 increased from 57.6 +/- 11.9 to 98.9 +/- 22.6 pmol l-1 (p < 0.05). Atrial granular density appeared to decline after 10 min of occlusion (from 0.141 +/- 0.017 to 0.127 +/- 0.022 granules-1 microns 2 sarcoplasm), and after 30 min there was a significant decrease (0.080 +/- 0.012 granules/microns 2, p < 0.05). However, after 50 min occlusion the granular density was almost restored (0.133 +/- 0.017 granules/microns 2). Plasma ANF showed a positive linear correlation to LVEDP and to the noradrenaline level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Atrial natriuretic factor in XXXX subjected to acute myocardial ischaemia.

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['LAD-occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: The surgical treatment of advanced @entity43 is based on the maximal debulking with widening the operation range to the infiltrated organs. The aims are as follows: (1) the assessment of the quantity and quality of intra- and @entity260 in @entity1 with advanced @entity43 in which partial bowel resection was performed and (2) the evaluation of intra- and @entity260 related to surgery with bowel resection and @entity254 , compared to Hartmann's procedure. The analysis of debulking procedures with intestinal resection and postoperative period in 39 @entity43 @entity1 , FIGO stage III-IV, was performed. During 39 operations, the most frequent type of resection was the sigmoidectomy or proctosigmoidectomy (29 @entity1 ). In the remaining @entity1 , left- and right-side hemicolectomy or partial enterectomy was done. Twenty-four @entity254 and 15 Hartmann's procedures were performed. There were no differences between surgery with @entity254 and Hartmann's procedure in aspect of quantity of complications, @entity190 , and the time of surgery. There were no statistically significant differences in overall survival and progression-free survival in both groups. We conclude that the percentage of complications related to debulking surgery with intestinal resection in advanced @entity43 @entity1 might be accepted. The quantity of complications related to surgery with @entity254 and to Hartmann's procedure is similar. If possible, the surgery with @entity254 should be performed.

title: The evaluation of intra- and @entity260 related to debulking surgery with bowel resection in XXXX with FIGO stage III-IV @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis is regarded as a hallmark in @entity5 development, and anti-angiogenic treatment is presently used in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 . MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding, endogenous, single stranded RNAs that regulate gene expression. In this study we aimed to identify significantly altered miRs related to angiogenesis in @entity1149 . METHODS: From a large cohort of 335 @entity1149 @entity1 , paraffin-embedded samples from 10 @entity1 with a short @entity66 ( @entity66 ), 10 with a long @entity66 and 10 normal controls were analyzed. The miRs were quantified by microarray hybridization and selected miRs were validated by real-time qPCR. The impacts of different pathways, including angiogenesis, were evaluated by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) derived from Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationship (PANTHER). One of the most interesting candidate markers, @entity10015 , was validated by in situ hybridization (ISH) in the total cohort (n=335) and correlation analyses with several well-known angiogenic markers were done. RESULTS: 128 miRs were significantly up- or down-regulated; normal versus long @entity66 (n=68) and/or normal versus short @entity66 (n=63) and/or long versus short @entity66 (n=37). The pathway analysis indicates angiogenesis-related miRs to be involved in @entity1149 . There were strong significant correlations between the array hybridization and qPCR validation data. The significantly altered angiogenesis-related miRs of high interest were @entity10017 , @entity20591 , @entity10013 , @entity10015 , @entity21175 , @entity10018 and @entity35481 . @entity10015 correlated significantly with @entity540 ( @entity540 ) in the total cohort (r=0.17, P=0.002), though most prominent in the subgroup with nodal @entity3 (r=0.34, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Several angiogenesis-related miRs are significantly altered in @entity1149 . Further studies to understand their biological functions and explore their clinical relevance are warranted.

title: MicroRNA signatures in XXXX tissue related to angiogenesis in @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease specific survival', 'DSS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['fibroblast growth factor 2', 'FGF2']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: (+) 3,4,-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is an abused drug that acutely releases serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) but produces long-term damage to 5-HT terminals. MDMA-induced DA release has been shown to be dampened by 5-HT. Although stress also activates the mesolimbic DA pathway, it is unknown if chronic stress after exposure to @entity2359 doses of MDMA will augment MDMA-induced DA release in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcc(sh)). @entity35 were pretreated with MDMA (10 mg/kg x 4, intraperitoneal (i.p.)). After 7 days, @entity35 were subjected to 10 days of chronic unpredictable stress. DA release in the NAcc(sh) and 5-HT in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) were measured after a challenge injection of MDMA (5 mg/kg, i.p.). The combination of pretreatment with MDMA+stress decreased basal concentrations of 5-HT in the VTA and DA in the NAcc(sh) and enhanced MDMA-stimulated DA release in the NAcc(sh). Pretreatment with MDMA or stress alone blunted MDMA-induced 5-HT release in the VTA. The augmentation of MDMA-induced DA release in @entity35 pretreated with MDMA+chronic stress was attenuated by perfusion of the @entity29235 ) antagonist, GR127935 into the VTA before the MDMA challenge injection. These results suggest that prior exposure to both MDMA and stress can produce a long-term augmentation in mesolimbic DA transmission and enhanced @entity734 vulnerability that is mediated, in part, by the @entity29235 ) receptor in the VTA.

title: Prior exposure to chronic stress and MDMA potentiates mesoaccumbens dopamine release mediated by the XXXX ) receptor.

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity29235 :: (25075(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['5-HT(1B']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In @entity656 ( @entity656 ), @entity1 with persistent organ failure [ @entity11157 , duration of organ failure (OF) >= 48   h] and @entity881 ( @entity881 , duration of OF <48   h) have different outcomes. We have compared the clinical course and outcome of @entity1 with severe @entity656 (SAP) with @entity881 and @entity11157 in the first week of hospitalization as well as the impact of change in the OF score in the first week on @entity1 outcome. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with SAP were evaluated for OF and its dynamics during the first week of hospitalization. The modified @entity881 score (MOFS) was used to identify OF, grade its severity and monitor its progression. The clinical course and outcome of @entity1 were studied. RESULTS: Of 114 @entity1 , mean age 39.2    13.7 years, 37 (32.5%) @entity1 had no OF, 34 (29.8%) had @entity881 and 43(37.7%) had @entity11157 . @entity1 with @entity11157 had the higher infected @entity39 , increased requirement for percutaneous drain placement, surgery and higher mortality as compared with those with @entity881 . The odds ratio for mortality with persistent and deteriorating OF was 26.2 [confidence interval (CI) 5.1-134.9] compared with only persistent OF. CONCLUSION: The dynamics of OF in the first week of SAP predicts the clinical course and outcome. Persistent and deteriorating OF indicates a poor outcome.

title: Dynamic nature of organ failure in severe XXXX : the impact of persistent and deteriorating organ failure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['AP', 'acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['transient organ failure', 'multiple organ failure', 'TOF']

answer: @entity656 :: (MESH:D019283,Disease) :: ['acute pancreatitis']


abstract: @entity7853 ( @entity7853 ) is a recognized risk factor among late-preterm @entity1 , with @entity7853 events leading to varied neuropathology and @entity73 . Studies suggest a @entity38810 difference in the incidence of @entity7853 and in the severity of @entity146 (with better outcomes in females). Mechanisms of a female advantage remain unknown but could involve @entity38810 -specific patterns of compensation to injury. @entity2332 is also used to ameliorate @entity7853 and @entity146 . Though currently prescribed only for @entity7853 in term @entity1 , cooling has potential intrainsult applications to high-risk late-preterm @entity1 as well. To address this important clinical issue, we conducted a study using male and female @entity35 with a postnatal (P) day 7 @entity7853 induced under normothermic and hypothermic conditions. The current study reports patterns of neuropathology evident in postmortem tissue. Results showed a potent benefit of intrainsult @entity2332 that was comparable for both sexes. Findings also show surprisingly different patterns of compensation in the contralateral hemisphere, with increases in hippocampal thickness in @entity7853 females contrasting reduced thickness in @entity7853 males. Findings provide a framework for future research to compare and contrast mechanisms of neuroprotection and postinjury plasticity in both sexes following a late-preterm @entity7853 insult.

title: Effects of @entity38810 and Mild Intrainsult XXXX on Neuropathology and Neural Reorganization following Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Brain Injury in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['attenuate behavioral deficits', 'subsequent behavioral deficits']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive/behavioral deficits']

entities_list: @entity7853 :: ('MESH:D020925', 'Disease') :: ['HI', 'HI damage', 'HI injury', 'Hypoxia ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['Neuroprotective hypothermia', 'hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['Hypothermia']


abstract: 1. Endothelin (ET) B-type ( @entity10932 ) receptor-mediated signal transduction was examined after stimulation with ET-3 in cultured aortic endothelial cells (EC) from spontaneously @entity101 (SHR) and @entity35 -Kyoto (WKY) @entity35 (8 weeks old). 2. The EC from both @entity35 strains expressed only @entity10932 receptor mRNA. The receptor densities and affinities, which were non-selective for @entity1827 and Sarafotoxin S6c, and mRNA expression were similar in WKY and SHR. 3. The cytosolic @entity141 level in the absence of extracellular @entity141 , @entity671 levels, protein kinase C and phospholipase C activities in response to ET-3 were greater in SHR EC than in WKY EC. 4. The 45Ca uptake in response to ET-3, which was blocked by @entity3411 , was smaller in SHR EC than in WKY EC. 5. The @entity9077 production was augmented in SHR, though @entity842 formation after stimulation with ET-3 was similar. 6. These results suggest that @entity10932 receptor-mediated phosphoinositide turnover signalling is augmented in SHR EC through postreceptor mechanism.

title: Enhanced phosphoinositide turnover signalling stimulated by endothelin B-type receptor in endothelial cells from spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity9077 :: ('MESH:D015121', 'Chemical') :: ['6-keto-PGF1alpha']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: 1. The subcellular distribution and maturation of @entity3739 Red-insensitive @entity141 transport activity were determined in livers of @entity35 ranging in age from 3 days pre-term to 10 weeks of adult life and compared with those of @entity413 6-phosphatase, @entity14491 and @entity3739 Red-sensitive @entity141 transport. Initial rates of @entity3739 Red-insensitive @entity141 transport were highest in those fractions enriched in @entity413 6-phosphatase, i.e. the microsomal fraction; this fraction was devoid of @entity3739 Red-sensitive @entity141 transport activity. Although the heaviest fraction (nuclear) contained significant amounts of @entity14491 activity it was devoid of @entity3739 Red-insensitive @entity141 transport activity. 2. Foetal @entity35 liver contain minimal amounts of @entity3739 Red-insensitive @entity141 transport activity, @entity413 6-phosphatase and @entity14491 activities. These begin to be expressed concomitantly soon after birth; @entity3739 Red-insensitive @entity141 transport is maximal by 3 to 4 days and remains so for up to at least 10 weeks of adult life. @entity413 6-phosphatase also reaches a peak at 3-4 days, but then rapidly decreases to approach adult values. Maximal activity of @entity14491 in the microsomal and nuclear fractions is seen about 4-6 days after birth; this enzyme activity remains increased for up to about 10 days and then falls, but not as rapidly as @entity413 6-phosphatase. It is tentatively suggested that the bulk of the @entity3739 Red-insensitive @entity141 transport is attributable to the system derived from the endoplasmic reticulum. 3. Administration of glucagon to adult @entity35 enhances by 2-3-fold the initial rate of @entity3739 Red-insensitive @entity141 transport in the intermediate but not the microsomal fraction. The hormone-induced effect is fully suppressed by co-administration of @entity5808 , is dose-dependent with half-maximal response at approx. 1mug of glucagon/100g body wt. and time-dependent exhibiting a half-maximal response about 1h after administration of the hormone. 4. @entity3739 Red-insensitive @entity141 transport in the post-mitochondrial fraction of foetal liver also responds to the administration in situ of glucagon. The response, which also is prevented by co-administration of @entity5808 , is maximal in those foetuses nearing term. The suggestion is made that these effects of the hormone on @entity3739 Red-insensitive @entity141 transport are an integral part of the physiological network in the liver cell.

title: The subcellular location, maturation and response to increased plasma glucagon of XXXX red-insensitive calcium-ion transport in @entity35 liver.

entities_list: @entity5808 :: ('MESH:D011691', 'Chemical') :: ['puromycin']

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['Ruthenium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity3739 :: (MESH:D012428,Chemical) :: ['ruthenium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A rare complication of @entity12870 is acute @entity1031 . In the setting of intraprocedural or periprocedural @entity887 , thrombolytics present a potentially useful therapeutic strategy. A series of @entity1 in whom @entity15684 (a platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor) was used in the treatment of iatrogenic @entity1031 events occurring during elective @entity12870 is described. METHODS: Consecutive cases between May 2009 and July 2011 in which @entity15684 was administered were identified and individually reviewed for inclusion in this study (n=12). All study @entity1 received a uniform, weight based bolus dose of 180  g/kg of @entity15684 administered either intra-arterially through the guide catheter or intravenously. @entity15684 infusion (2  g/kg/min) for 24 h after bolus dose administration was continued at the discretion of the surgeon. Procedural details are described and illustrative cases presented. RESULTS: Three major categories of @entity1031 events were isolated in the course of review of study cases: acute focal neurological decline and no radiographic findings of flow limitation (eight @entity1 ), radiographic findings with or without symptoms (two @entity1 ) and persistent particulate debris during flow reversal as part of a carotid revascularization procedure (two @entity1 ). Following @entity15684 administration, no @entity1 experienced @entity548 complications, and neurologic improvement to baseline level was noted in 10 of 12 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity15684 may be an effective therapeutic strategy in the event of @entity1031 during elective @entity12870 .

title: Adjunctive use of @entity15684 for complication management during elective XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15684 :: ('MESH:C086648', 'Chemical') :: ['eptifibatide', 'Eptifibatide']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity12870 :: ('MESH:D055191', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendovascular procedures']

answer: @entity12870 :: (MESH:D055191,Disease) :: ['neuroendovascular procedures']


abstract: The cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-Cyt) assay was originally developed as an ideal system for measuring DNA damage, cytostasis and @entity137 . The objective of the present study is to simultaneously evaluate the background levels of micronuclei (MN), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs), nuclear buds (NBUDs), cell death ( @entity39 or apoptosis) and @entity10307 ( @entity10307 ) in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of non-occupationally exposed, healthy subjects living in the city of Kayseri in @entity233 . We used the CBMN-Cyt assay, taking into account factors - age, gender, and smoking habits - that might affect MN frequency and also other CBMN-Cyt assay parameters. Ninety-six healthy subjects (48 female and 48 male) were selected with ages varying between 21 and 60 years. The parameters, except for the number of binucleated (BN) cells with NPBs, showed no statistically significant difference between smokers and non-smokers. There were significant differences between female and male groups in MN frequency (higher in females) and in the number of NPBs (lower in females), while the other parameters were not significantly different between genders. The correlations between years of age and MN frequency, number of NPBs and the frequency of @entity39 cells were statistically significant, while the correlations between the years of age and the other parameters were not. The results of the correlation analysis between years of smoking and MN frequency were positive, although no statistically significant correlation was found between the years of smoking and the other parameters. Among the smokers, no correlation was found either between the pack-years of smoking and the parameters assessed in this group. The results of the present study provide evidence of increasing MN frequency, number of NPBs and frequency of @entity39 cells with increasing age in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy individuals and influencing MN frequency and number of NPBs by gender.

title: Evaluation of the genotoxicity and XXXX in the general population in @entity233 by use of the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity10307 :: ('MESH:C564596', 'Disease') :: ['nuclear division index', 'NDI']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: Bone marrow-derived cells (BMDC) have been proposed to exert beneficial effects after @entity8 /reperfusion injury (IRI) by engraftment in the tubular epithelium. However, BMDC can give rise to myofibroblasts and may contribute to @entity82 . BMDC contribution to the renal interstitial myofibroblast population in relation to fibrotic changes after IRI in @entity35 was investigated. A model of unilateral renal IRI (45 min of @entity63 ) was used in F344 @entity35 that were reconstituted with R26- @entity1 placental alkaline phosphatase transgenic BM to quantify BMDC contribution to the renal interstitial myofibroblast population over time. After IRI, transient increases in collagen III transcription and @entity1986 were observed, peaking on days 7 and 28, respectively. Interstitial infiltrates of BMDC and myofibroblasts reached a maximum on day 7 and gradually decreased afterward. Over time, an average of 32% of all interstitial alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts coexpressed R26- @entity1 placental alkaline phosphatase and, therefore, were derived from the BM. @entity1555 myofibroblasts produced procollagen I protein and therefore were functional. The postischemic kidney environment was profibrotic, as demonstrated by increased transcription of @entity1810 and decreased transcription of bone morphogenic protein-7. @entity1810 protein was present predominantly in interstitial myofibroblasts but not in @entity1555 myofibroblasts. In conclusion, functional @entity1555 myofibroblasts infiltrate in the postischemic renal interstitium and are involved in extracellular matrix production.

title: Bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts contribute to the renal interstitial myofibroblast population and produce procollagen I after @entity63 /reperfusion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial protein deposition']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: In the setting of @entity1578 and @entity101 , @entity548 from stomal and rectal varices is a well-described problem. It has recently been suggested that transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting may be useful in the therapy of @entity548 from @entity6312 in @entity1 unresponsive to conservative therapy. METHODS: We retrospectively review our institution's experience of five @entity1 with parastomal varices and seven @entity1 with anorectal varices who underwent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting for @entity548 refractory to conservative management between 1994 and 1998. RESULTS: The study group consisted of four @entity1 's A, five @entity1 's B, and three @entity1 's C @entity1 . The mean age of the @entity1 was 60.3 (range, 37-85) years. Mean follow-up was 15 (range, 5-27) months. The mean portosystemic pressure gradient before transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting was 17.4+/-3.1 mm Hg. After transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting, the mean portosystemic pressure gradient was reduced to 5.8+/-1.8 mm Hg (P<0.05). Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting were successful in complete resolution of @entity548 in all @entity1 . Three @entity1 had encephalopathic changes after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting. Two @entity1 died within 30 days of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting of causes unrelated to the procedure. Four @entity1 required shunt revision within one year of placement. CONCLUSION: The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting procedure is an effective modality in the therapy of cirrhotic @entity1 with @entity548 stomal or anorectal varices unresponsive to conservative management. There is an acceptable procedure-related morbidity and mortality.

title: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for treatment of @entity548 ectopic varices with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity6312 :: ('MESH:D014648', 'Disease') :: ['parastomal or anorectal varices']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['portal hypertension']


abstract: Beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta 1,4-GT) is a Golgi-resident, type II membrane-bound glycoprotein that functions in the coordinate biosynthesis of complex oligosaccharides. Additionally, beta 1,4-GT has been localized to the cell surface of a variety of cell types and tissues where it is proposed to function in intercellular recognition and/or adhesion. Thus beta 1,4-GT is an appropriate molecule to be used in analyzing the molecular basis for retention of a membrane-bound enzyme in the Golgi complex and its subsequent or alternative transport to the cell surface. Previously we have shown that the gene for @entity291 and @entity19 beta 1,4-GT is unusual in that it specifies a short (SGT) and long ( @entity5053 ) form of the enzyme (Russo, R. N., Shaper, N. L., and Shaper, J. H. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 3324-3331). The only difference between the two related forms is in the primary structure of the cytoplasmic domains, where @entity5053 has an @entity2733 -terminal extension of 13 @entity1522 . In this study, we have tested the hypothesis that @entity5053 and SGT are differentially retained in the Golgi or directed to the cell surface. @entity5053 , SGT or chimeric proteins, containing the @entity2733 -terminal cytoplasmic and transmembrane domain of SGT and @entity5053 fused to the cytoplasmic protein @entity2388 kinase, were each stably expressed in @entity3569 ovary cells. Proteins expressed from each construct were localized by immunofluorescence staining exclusively to a perinuclear region, identified as the Golgi by co-localization with @entity3505 germ agglutinin. Furthermore, the subcellular distribution of both SGT and @entity5053 was restricted to the trans-Golgi compartment as assessed by EM immunoelectron microscopy. These data suggest that both forms of beta 1,4-GT are resident trans-Golgi proteins and that an @entity2733 -terminal segment containing the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains of SGT (39 @entity1522 ) or @entity5053 (52 @entity1522 ) is sufficient for Golgi retention.

title: Beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase: a short XXXX -terminal fragment that includes the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domain is sufficient for Golgi retention.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity2733 :: (CHEBI:29345,Chemical) :: ['NH2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing age at onset has been associated with worse outcome in @entity309 , although there are few data from unselected inception cohorts. HYPOTHESIS: Increasing age is associated with a higher risk of @entity2681 at presentation, and this increase is not explained by age-related disease confounders. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 222 subjects (median onset age 59 years) were studied from a primary-care-based register of new-onset @entity32 . @entity1 had hand and feet radiographs taken within 12 months from symptom onset. Films were scored by two readers using the Larsen score. The risk of @entity2681 in those aged 50-69 and >or=70 years at onset was compared with the risk in those aged <50 years both before and after adjustment for possible age-related disease confounders. RESULT: The prevalences of @entity2681 were 22%, 52% and 71% in those aged <50, 50-69 and >or=70 years at onset equivalent to odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) of 3.5 (2.2 to 5.7) and 7.4 (4.5 to 12.1), respectively, in the two older age groups. Excluding those with proximal interphalangeal (PIP) @entity2681 alone (due to possible @entity571 ) did not alter these findings. Adjustments for disease characteristics using logistic regression did not attenuate these findings: adjusted ORs (95% CIs) 3.6 (2.1 to 6.1) and 6.9 (3.8 to 12.2) for age groups 50-69 and >or=70 years, respectively. The influence of age was stronger than most of the disease-related variables in predicting @entity2681 in this cohort. CONCLUSION: Increasing age at symptom onset is strongly associated with higher occurrence of @entity2681 within the first year unexplained by greater disease severity.

title: Increasing age at symptom onset is associated with worse radiological damage at presentation in @entity1 with early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammatory polyarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The DRAGON score, which includes clinical and computed tomographic scan parameters, showed a high specificity to predict 3-month outcome in @entity1 with acute @entity385 treated by intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. We adapted the score for @entity1 undergoing MRI as the first-line diagnostic tool. METHODS: We reviewed @entity1 with consecutive anterior circulation @entity385 treated  <= 4.5 hour by intravenous tissue plasminogen activator between 2003 and 2012 in our center, where MRI is systematically implemented as first-line diagnostic work-up. We derived the MRI-DRAGON score keeping all clinical parameters of computed tomography-DRAGON (age, initial National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale and @entity413 level, @entity1032 , onset to treatment time), and considering the following radiological variables: proximal @entity2500 on MR angiography instead of hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign, and diffusion-weighted imaging Alberta @entity64 Program Early Computed Tomography Score (DWI ASPECTS)  <= 5 instead of early @entity1188 signs on computed tomography. Poor 3-month outcome was defined as modified Rankin scale >2. We calculated c-statistics as a measure of predictive ability and performed an internal cross-validation. RESULTS: Two hundred twenty-eight @entity1 were included. Poor outcome was observed in 98 (43%) @entity1 and was significantly associated with all parameters of the MRI-DRAGON score in multivariate analysis, except for onset to treatment time (nonsignificant trend). The c-statistic was 0.83 (95% confidence interval, 0.78-0.88) for poor outcome prediction. All @entity1 with a MRI-DRAGON score  <= 2 (n=22) had a good outcome, whereas all @entity1 with a score >=  8 (n=11) had a poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The MRI-DRAGON score is a simple tool to predict 3-month outcome in @entity64 @entity1 screened by MRI then treated by intravenous tissue plasminogen activator and may help for therapeutic decision.

title: Magnetic Resonance Imaging-DRAGON score: 3-month outcome prediction after intravenous thrombolysis for anterior circulation XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['prestroke handicap']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity358 is an uncommon clinical entity that the practicing thoracic surgeon rarely encounters. @entity3509 represents an even less common presentation of this pathology, and the often indolent disease course leads to early misdiagnosis in many cases. Familiarity with the varied presentations and possible operative strategies is essential to obtaining successful outcomes. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 56-year-old male presented with swelling and @entity158 over the lateral chest wall. Initial imaging studies demonstrated a mass concerning for infection vs. @entity5 . Further studies were obtained to confirm the diagnosis, with rapid progression of the mass. Surgical exploration with aggressive debridement of the chest wall without thoracotomy was performed. Actinomyces was identified on final pathology, confirming the diagnosis of @entity5850 . DISCUSSION: Traditional management strategies often involve pulmonary resection in addition to extended duration antimicrobial therapy. This report describes the uncommon clinical presentation and successful management of @entity5850 @entity3509 with early limited operative intervention. CONCLUSION: In the event of minimal @entity358 and @entity1997 , as was seen in this case, a thoracotomy with pulmonary resection can be avoided, and antibiotic duration limited.

title: @entity3509 caused by XXXX : A case report.

entities_list: @entity1997 :: ('MESH:D008169', 'Disease') :: ['absence of lung abscess']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity5850 :: ('MESH:D000196', 'Disease') :: ['Actinomycosis empyema necessitans', 'actinomycosis']

entities_list: @entity3509 :: ('MESH:D004653', 'Disease') :: ['Empyema necessitans', 'empyema necessitans']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary actinomycosis', 'pulmonary involvement']

answer: @entity5850 :: (MESH:D000196,Disease) :: ['actinomycosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of sentinel ( @entity4298 ) and non sentinel lymph nodes (NSLN) on the detection of additional @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity1204 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between April 2004 and March 2006, 25 @entity1 with @entity1204 were operated on. A new method for labelling SLNs with Patent Blue(R) was used. One additional slice was cut out of each lymph node and immunohistochemically stained (IHC). Sentinel and NSLN nodes were re-evaluated. RESULTS: 673 lymph nodes from 21 @entity1 were available for re-evaluation. With IHC staining significantly more @entity3 were detected compared to H_E staining. Though more @entity1 with @entity3 were discovered this was not significant on the basis of affected SLNs or NSLNs. In the conventional evaluation 7 @entity3 were found in 3 @entity1 . Applying re-evaluation and IHC 6 additional @entity3 in 5 @entity1 were detected. These additional @entity3 were evenly distributed among the pelvic and para-aortic area, and among the SLNs or NSLNs. This had an impact on the diagnostic accuracy of the sentinel concept. Sensitivity reduced from 66.7% to 33.3% and the negative predictive value (NPV) fell from 94.7% to 79.0% only if the NSLNs were additionally IHC stained. On the contrary, if the SLNs were also IHC stained, the sensitivity rose to 83.3%, the NPV rose to 93.8%. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that additional immunohistochemistry staining of one additional block of SLNs improves the validity of sensitivity and the NPV in the sentinel concept.

title: Immunohistochemical workup of sentinel nodes in XXXX improves diagnostic accuracy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: Since 1987, we have diagnosed 10 @entity1 , 4 males and 6 females, aged 2-11 years at the last evaluation, who all met the following criteria of @entity3148 ( @entity3148 ): generalized or unilateral long-lasting febrile clonic @entity410 in the first year of life; the subsequent appearance of @entity410 and other types of @entity410 (partial @entity410 , atypical absences and @entity159 ); and neuropsychological deterioration for a certain period. Family histories of @entity302 and @entity410 could be traced in 1 and 3 cases, respectively. None of them had previous personal history of brain insult. Electroencephalographic (EEGic) recordings in febrile @entity410 stage were normal; and continuous prophylaxis with @entity109 failed to prevent the recurrence of @entity410 . EEG studies in @entity2045 stage showed generalized spike-and-waves, polyspike-and-waves, focal @entity854 . The @entity410 were highly resistant to antiepileptic drugs. Our experiences suggested that comedication of @entity1092 , @entity2053 and @entity2049 may be most effective in treatment of the diverse @entity410 including @entity410 , @entity410 , atypical absences and partial @entity410 . @entity410 and atypical absences diminished in parallel to a clear-cut decrease in generalized abnormalities on EEG in 4 cases aged more than 7 years. However, the partial @entity410 , secondarily generalized @entity410 and @entity159 were still present. Further investigations should aim to identify the underlying etiology and to search more effective treatment.

title: Severe XXXX in infancy: evolution of electroencephalographic and clinical features.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Myoclonic seizures', 'myoclonic-tonic-clonic seizures', 'myoclonic seizures', 'febrile seizures']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities and/or photosensitivity']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy', 'SMEI']

entities_list: @entity2053 :: ('MESH:D002998', 'Chemical') :: ['clonazepam']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'convulsive status epilepticus']

answer: @entity3148 :: (MESH:D004831,Disease) :: ['myoclonic epilepsy']


abstract: Apoptotic cells are thought to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). We hypothesise that delayed or altered clearance of apoptotic cells after UV irradiation will lead to @entity32 in the skin of @entity1252 @entity1 . Fifteen @entity1252 @entity1 and 13 controls were irradiated with two minimal erythemal doses (MEDs) of ultraviolet B light (UVB). Subsequently, skin biopsies were analysed (immuno)histologically, over 10 days, for numbers of apoptotic cells, T cells, macrophages, and deposition of immunoglobulin and complement. Additionally, to compare results with cutaneous lesions of @entity1252 @entity1 , 20 biopsies of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) @entity272 were analysed morphologically for apoptotic cells and infiltrate. Clearance rate of apoptotic cells after irradiation did not differ between @entity1 and controls. Influx of macrophages in dermal and epidermal layers was significantly increased in @entity1 compared with controls. Five out of 15 @entity1 developed a dermal infiltrate that was associated with increased epidermal influx of T cells and macrophages but not with numbers of apoptotic cells or epidermal deposition of immunoglobulins. Macrophages were ingesting multiple apoptotic bodies. Inflammatory lesions in these @entity1 were localised near accumulations of apoptotic keratinocytes similar as was seen in the majority of @entity272 . In vivo clearance rate of apoptotic cells is comparable between @entity1252 @entity1 and controls. However, the presence of inflammatory lesions in the vicinity of apoptotic cells, as observed both in UVB-induced and in @entity272 in @entity1252 @entity1 , suggests that these lesions result from an inflammatory clearance of apoptotic cells.

title: Is disturbed clearance of apoptotic keratinocytes responsible for UVB-induced inflammatory XXXX in @entity1252 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'lupus erythematosus', 'LE']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions', 'LE skin lesions']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity13083 is a rare complication of @entity5990 ( @entity5990 ). The association of @entity13083 and @entity1086 ( @entity1086 ) is not well understood. We report our experience of @entity1086 in @entity1 with @entity13083 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of the records of @entity1 with @entity13083 who underwent cholecystectomy at a tertiary care hospital with special emphasis on @entity1 who were found to harbor @entity1086 . @entity1 with @entity13083 with associated @entity1086 were compared with those who had @entity13083 alone and those with uncomplicated @entity5990 . RESULTS: Out of 4,800 cholecystectomies, @entity13083 was found in 133 (2.8%). Seven (5.3%) @entity1 with @entity13083 had associated @entity1086 , as compared to only 1% in @entity1 with @entity5990 . @entity1086 was detected on final histology after cholecystectomy in 5 @entity1 , and was detected preoperatively and intraoperatively in 1 @entity1 each. @entity1 with @entity13083 with associated @entity1086 were older (60 vs 50 years; P <or= 0.0001) and had a longer duration of symptoms (59 vs 24 months; P = 0.002) as compared to those with @entity13083 alone. However, presenting clinical features were not different in these two groups. CONCLUSIONS: There was a higher incidence of @entity1086 in @entity1 with @entity13083 than in @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity5990 . There were no clinical features to differentiate these @entity1 with @entity1086 from those with @entity13083 alone, except that they were a decade older and had longer duration of symptoms. In the majority, the diagnosis of @entity1086 was made on final histology, after cholecystectomy; hence, this group of @entity1 with @entity1086 are to be treated like any other @entity1 with incidental @entity1086 .

title: XXXX and @entity1086 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone disease', 'GSD']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['GBC', 'gallbladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity13083 :: ('MESH:D057792', 'Disease') :: ['Mirizzi syndrome']

answer: @entity13083 :: (MESH:D057792,Disease) :: ['Mirizzi syndrome']


abstract: Efficient cleavage of both forms of @entity5290 ( @entity5290 and @entity11052 ) has been achieved in HeLa cells by incubation with hybrid proteins containing @entity9925 2Apro. Entry of these proteins into cells is promoted by adenovirus particles. Substantial levels of ongoing translation on preexisting cellular mRNAs still continue for several hours after @entity5290 degradation. Treatment of control HeLa cells with hypertonic medium causes an inhibition of translation that is reversed upon restoration of cells to normal medium. Protein synthesis is not restored in cells lacking intact @entity5290 after hypertonic treatment. Notably, induction of synthesis of @entity1457 proteins still occurs in cells pretreated with @entity9925 2Apro, suggesting that transcription and translation of these mRNAs takes place even in the presence of cleaved @entity5290 . Finally, the synthesis of luciferase was examined in a HeLa cell line bearing the luciferase gene under control of a @entity803 -regulated promoter. Transcription of the luciferase gene and transport of the mRNA to the cytoplasm occurs at control levels in @entity5290 -deficient cells. However, luciferase synthesis is strongly inhibited in these cells. These findings indicate that intact @entity5290 is necessary for the translation of mRNAs not engaged in translation with the exception of @entity1457 mRNAs but is not necessary for the translation of mRNAs that are being translated.

title: Cleavage of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G by exogenously added hybrid proteins containing XXXX 2Apro in HeLa cells: effects on gene expression.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity5290 :: ('1981', 'Gene') :: ['eIF4G-1', 'eukaryotic initiation factor 4G', 'eIF4G']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity9925 :: (138950,Species) :: ['poliovirus']


abstract: We describe the use of a DNA construct (named @entity43481 ) encoding green fluorescent protein as a lineage marker for @entity1238 embryos. This offers the following advantages over other lineage markers so far used in @entity1238 . When injected as synthetic mRNA, its protein emits intense fluorescence in living embryos. It is non-toxic, and the fluorescence does not bleach when viewed under 480 nm light. It is surprisingly stable, being strongly visible up to the feeding tadpole stage (5 days), and in some tissues for several weeks after mRNA injection. We also describe a construct that encodes a blue fluorescent protein. We exemplify the use of this @entity43481 construct for marking the lineage of individual blastomeres at the 32- to 64-cell stage, and as a marker for single transplanted blastula cells. Both procedures have revealed that the descendants of one embryonic cell can contribute single muscle cells to nearly all segmental myotomes rather than predominantly to any one myotome. An independent aim of our work has been to follow the fate of cells in which an early regulatory gene has been temporarily overexpressed. For this purpose, we co-injected @entity43481 mRNA and mRNA for the early @entity1238 gene Eomes, and found that a high concentration of Eomes results in ectopic muscle gene activation in only the injected cells. This marker may therefore be of general value in providing long term identification of those cells in which an early gene with ephemeral expression has been overexpressed.

title: An indelible lineage marker for XXXX using a mutated green fluorescent protein.

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postoperative scarring in the frontal recess is the most common cause of @entity12476 . Topical @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) is an antifibroblastic agent that has been shown to reduce clinical scarring. This is a preliminary report of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial using @entity1139 to determine its effectiveness in @entity75 after frontal sinusotomy. METHODS: All @entity1 with chronic rhinosinusitis undergoing primary or revision bilateral image-guided endoscopic sinus surgery were enrolled. @entity1 requiring frontal sinus stents and those with @entity56 were excluded. After completion of the frontal sinusotomy, dimensions of the frontal recess were measured using curved Frazer suction diameters. A neuropattie soaked in 0.5 mg/mL of @entity1139 was then placed into one frontal recess for 4 minutes in a randomized manner. A saline control was used for the other side. The primary surgeon was blinded to the medicated side intraoperatively and throughout the follow-up period. Measurements of the frontal recess were repeated at 1, 3, and 6 months. RESULTS: There was no difference in the degree of @entity850 between the @entity1139 and control sides at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively for both primary and revision cases. CONCLUSION: One-time intraoperative topical @entity1139 is not effective in reducing @entity86 in both primary and revision cases.

title: Effectiveness of intraoperative XXXX in maintaining the patency of a frontal sinusotomy: a preliminary report of a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['frontal recess stenosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['reducing frontal recess stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin-C']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic fungal sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative frontal recess stenosis']

entities_list: @entity12476 :: ('MESH:D015522', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic frontal sinusitis']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: PURPOSE: Hypofractionated radiotherapy may overcome repopulation in rapidly proliferating @entity5 such as @entity2 . It is more convenient for the @entity1 and reduces health care costs. This study reports our results on @entity1 with medically inoperable, early stage, @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) treated with hypofractionation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Stage T1-2N0 @entity1149 @entity1 were treated with hypofractionation alone, 52.5 Gy/15 fractions, in 3 weeks, with 3-dimensional conformal planning. T1-2N1 @entity1 with the hilar lymphnode close to the @entity5 were also eligible for this treatment. We did not use any approach to reduce respiratory motion, but it was monitored in all @entity1 . Elective nodal radiotherapy was not performed. Routine follow up included assessment for acute and late @entity137 and radiological @entity5 response. Median follow up time was 29 months for the surviving @entity1 . RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity1 with a median age of 76 years, T1 = 15 and T2 = 17, were treated. Median planning target volume ( @entity343 ) volume was 150cc and median V16 of both lungs was 13%. The most important finding of this study is that @entity137 was minimal. Two @entity1 had grade < or = 2 acute @entity55 and 3 had mild (grade 1) acute @entity2910 . There was no late @entity137 . Actuarial 1 and 2-year overall survival rates are 78% and 56%, @entity5 specific survival rates (CSS) are 90% and 74%, and local relapse free survival rates are 93% and 76% respectively. CONCLUSION: 3-D planning, involved field hypofractionation at a dose of 52.5 Gy in 15 daily fractions is safe, well tolerated and easy radiation treatment for medically inoperable @entity2 @entity1 . It shortens by half the traditional treatment. Results compare favorably with previously published studies. Further studies are needed to compare similar technique with other treatments such as surgery and stereotactic radiotherapy.

title: Absence of XXXX with hypofractionated 3-dimensional radiation therapy for inoperable, early stage @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared long-term clinical outcomes of upper @entity3484 ( @entity1606 ) @entity1 treated by retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy (RNU) or open radical nephroureterectomy (ONU). METHODS: Upper urinary tract @entity1606 @entity1 were treated with RNU (n = 86) or ONU (n = 72) and followed-up for more than three years. Demographic and clinical data, including preoperative indexes, intraoperative indexes and long-term clinical outcomes, were retrospectively compared to determine long-term efficacy of the two procedures. RESULTS: The RNU and ONU groups were statistically similar in age, gender, previous @entity150 history, @entity5 location, pathologic @entity5 stage, pathologic node @entity3 or @entity5 pathologic grade. The original surgery time required for both RNU and ONU was statistically similar, but RNU was associated with a significantly smaller volume of intraoperative estimated @entity190 and shorter length of postoperative hospital stay. Follow-up (average: 42.4 months, range: 3-57) revealed that the @entity44556 -year recurrence-free survival rate was 62.8% and the 3-year cancer specific survival rate was 80.7%. In the ONU group, the 3-year recurrence-free survival and the three-year cancer-specific survival rates were 59.2% and 80.3%, respectively. Neither of the survival rates were statistically different between the two groups. T stage, grade, lymph node @entity3 and @entity150 history were risk factors for @entity5 recurrence; the operation mode and the bladder cuff incision mode had no correlation with the recurrence-free survival. CONCLUSION: The open surgery strategy and the retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy strategy are equally effective for treating upper urinary tract @entity1606 . However, the RNU procedure is less invasive, and requires a shorter duration of postoperative hospitalized care; thus, RNU is recommended as the preferred strategy.

title: Long-term results of retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper XXXX in China.

entities_list: @entity3484 :: ('MESH:D014571', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'bladder tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3484 :: (MESH:D014571,Disease) :: ['urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma']


abstract: One hundred @entity1 with high-risk unstable and medication-resistant @entity951 underwent coronary artery by-pass grafting. In 35 cases the angina was of early post- @entity1188 type, in 60 it was progressive after previous stability and in five it was of recent onset. All had abnormal ECG in association with @entity2142 (ST @entity308 in 76, ST elevation in 5, T-wave inversion in 15 and @entity714 in 4). The left main coronary artery was stenosed in 33 @entity1 , and the respective figures for @entity6520 were 53, 9 and 5. The average number of inserted peripheral grafts/ @entity1 was 4.6. The perioperative mortality rate was 1%. Seven @entity1 had confirmed or probable perioperative @entity583 and two had late @entity1188 during the hospital stay, but none had @entity951 on discharge. Of 60 @entity1 re-examined after 1 year, 47 were angina-free. Five had NYHA @entity951 , but all were improved. In refractory unstable @entity951 there is severe coronary artery involvement, but bypass grafting can give good results.

title: Clinical characteristics and coronary anatomy in refractory unstable XXXX leading to coronary artery bypass grafting. The Kuopio experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity6520 :: ('MESH:C536223', 'Disease') :: ['three-vessel, two-vessel and one-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris', 'class III angina']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['anginal attacks']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina pectoris']


abstract: This study investigated the concentration of total @entity349 (THg) in maternal blood, cord blood, and breast milk, and its association with dietary factors. A total of 127 pregnant @entity1 in Busan, Korea were recruited. Maternal blood, cord blood, and breast milk were collected at 36 weeks of gestation, at delivery, and at one week after birth, respectively. Information about dietary habits and other factors were obtained from each subject. The mean THg concentrations in maternal blood, cord blood, and breast milk were 3.12  1.36  g/L, 5.46  2.41  g/L, and 0.91  2.08  g/L, respectively. Positive correlations were found between log-transformed THg concentrations in maternal blood and cord blood (r=0.829, p<0.001), and between maternal blood and breast milk (r=0.296, p=0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the log-transformed concentration of THg in maternal blood was positively correlated with fish consumption ( @entity41583 , p<0.0001) and negatively correlated with bean consumption ( @entity41584 , p=0.048). Fish consumption ( @entity41585 , p<0.0001) and maternal age ( @entity41586 , p=0.033) were positively associated with the concentration of THg in cord blood, while negative correlations were found for bean consumption ( @entity41587 , p=0.027) and parity ( @entity41588 , p=0.015). Beef consumption ( @entity41589 , p=0.007) was positively associated with log-transformed THg concentrations in breast milk, while negative correlations were found for bean consumption ( @entity41590 , p=0.003) and maternal age ( @entity41591 , p=0.004). Our study found that both the dietary and demographic factors differently affected to THg concentrations among samples of maternal blood, cord blood, and breast milk.

title: Factors associated with total XXXX concentrations in maternal blood, cord blood, and breast milk among pregnant @entity1 in Busan, Korea.

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

answer: @entity349 :: (MESH:D008628,Chemical) :: ['mercury']


abstract: CONTEXT: The term @entity11278 has been used frequently to describe the clinical manifestations of a great number of diseases in which @entity548 and @entity631 coexist. The classic example of this type of @entity1333 is @entity7860 , a term used to describe the association of @entity548 , @entity631 and the presence of circulating antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies (anti- @entity11 ). Among the several types of systemic vasculitides that can present clinical manifestations of the @entity11278 , we focus the discussion on two types more frequently associated with antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA), microscopic @entity2883 and @entity2883 , concerning a 10 year old @entity1 with clinical signs and symptoms of @entity11278 , with positive ANCA and rapidly progressive evolution. CASE REPORT: We describe the case of a 10-year-old @entity1 referred to our hospital for evaluation of profound @entity417 detected in a primary health center. Five days before entry she had experienced malaise, pallor and began to cough up blood-tinged sputum that was at first attributed to dental @entity548 . She was admitted to the infirmary with hemoglobin = 4 mg/dL, hematocrit = 14 %, platelets = 260,000, white blood cells = 8300, 74 % segmented, 4 % eosinophils, 19 % lymphocytes and 3 % monocytes. Radiographs of the chest revealed bilateral diffuse @entity1986 . There was progressive worsening of cough and respiratory distress during the admission day, when she began to cough up large quantities of blood and @entity811 was noted. There was rapid and progressive loss of renal function and massive @entity548 . The antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA) test with antigen specificity for @entity3335 (anti- @entity3335 ) was positive and the circulating anti- @entity11 showed an indeterminate result.

title: Rapidly progressive antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies associated with XXXX in a 10-year-old @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['myeloperoxidase', 'MPO']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'lung hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial alveolar infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity11278 :: ('MESH:C538458', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary-renal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7860 :: ('MESH:D019867', 'Disease') :: ['Goodpastur  s syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ["Wegener's granulomatosis", 'polyangiitis']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity11278 :: (MESH:C538458,Disease) :: ['pulmonary-renal syndrome']


abstract: The @entity6872 represents only 5% of the non-germinative cell @entity5 , and accounts for only 2% of all @entity8450 . Approximately, 50 cases of @entity6872 have been reported in medical literature; however, only 9 of these are @entity5 without previous history or progression to @entity1582 . A 47-year-old @entity1 , presenting progressive and painless growth of the right testicle in the last four years, underwent surgical treatment in another hospital two years ago, to correct a hydrocele in the same testicle with no improvement at all. Sonography showed a @entity5 with the following measurements for the right testicle: 84   59   80 mm. The @entity5 marker values were all normal. An abdominal computed tomography found no evidence of retroperitoneal lymph nodes invasion. The @entity1 underwent a right radical orchiectomy. Pathologic analysis revealed a malignant @entity5 described as a plasmocytoma (solitary myeloma) that produces immunoglobulin's kappa light chain. After five years of follow-up, there were no signs of @entity3 or local recurrence in the exams. Case report and review of literature have been presented here.

title: Primary XXXX : A five year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity6872 :: ('MESH:D010954', 'Disease') :: ['testicular plasmocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'isolated tumors', 'tumor', 'testicular tumors']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity8450 :: ('MESH:D054219', 'Disease') :: ['plasma cell neoplasms']

answer: @entity6872 :: (MESH:D010954,Disease) :: ['testicular plasmocytoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy of @entity900 combined chemotherapy modalities was investigated in a variety of trials for @entity1 with advanced @entity4797 . Results regarding remission rates and survival are encouraging. METHODS: Between December 1981 and January 1994, 13 @entity1 with either relapsed (following radiotherapy failure) or primarily advanced @entity4797 were treated with @entity900 -based chemotherapy at the Northern Israel Oncology Center. RESULTS: Eleven (84%) @entity1 achieved complete clearance of all sites of disease. One @entity1 demonstrated clinically and radiographically remarkable shrinkage of an abdominal mass, and laparotomy revealed @entity39 without viable @entity5 cells. After a mean follow-up of 58 months (range 4-168), 12 @entity1 (92%) are alive and well without evidence of @entity5 . One @entity1 , in whom a 2-cm abdominal mass is stable radiographically, is under observation with no sign of @entity5 activity. Side effects were tolerable; no @entity1 developed chemotherapy-induced @entity295 . One @entity1 developed spontaneous pneumothorax a few days after completion of his first chemotherapy cycle, which resolved with treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the efficacy and safety of @entity900 -based chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced @entity4797 , even in pre-irradiated @entity1 .

title: XXXX -based chemotherapy in advanced @entity4797 : experience of the Northern Israel Oncology Center: 1981-1994.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic/necrotic tissue']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'cisplatinum']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['Cisplatin']


abstract: We identified clones encoding a @entity238 receptor for @entity4756 -like peptides by low stringency screening of an embryonic cDNA library with probes from the @entity291 @entity42437 . The cDNAs encode a seven transmembrane domain protein ( @entity42438 ) of 519 @entity1522 with 40-48% @entity535 identity to @entity1 @entity4756 receptors within transmembrane regions. @entity1238 oocytes injected with @entity42438 cRNAs showed selective responses to vertebrate substance P, its agonists and not to other vertebrate @entity4756 peptides. These responses were eliminated by treatment of oocytes with pertussis toxin. In the adult @entity238 , Northern and PCR analysis demonstrated preferential expression of @entity42438 in the head; in situ hybridization indicated that @entity42438 is accumulated in the cell bodies of neurons in the adult CNS. The levels of @entity42438 transcript are regulated during development. Northern and PCR amplification analysis showed that while @entity42438 transcripts are present at all stages, high levels of expression occur in later stages of embryogenesis (starting at 10-14 h), coinciding with the beginning of major periods of neural development. Whole mount embryo in situ hybridization demonstrated that @entity42438 is expressed at these later stages of embryogenesis (11-15 h) in the brain and in a specific subset of neurons in each neuromere of the developing @entity4037 . The gene encoding @entity42438 was mapped by in situ hybridization to a single location at 99D on the right arm of chromosome 3. These observations demonstrate that the @entity4756 family of peptide transmitters and their receptors represent an evolutionarily ancient form of cellular communication within the nervous system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cloning, heterologous expression and developmental regulation of a XXXX receptor for @entity4756 -like peptides.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral ganglion']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['fly', 'Drosophila']

entities_list: @entity4756 :: ('MESH:D015320', 'Chemical') :: ['tachykinin']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to analyse the relationship between apoptosis related proteins ( @entity588 and @entity589 ), @entity5 suppressor protein @entity876 , proliferation markers ( @entity1364 and mitotic index), @entity1082 ) and angiogenesis in @entity5 and their impact on clinical outcome. STUDY DESIGN: Tumours from 111 @entity1 were assessed by immunohistochemistry for the expression of @entity588 , @entity589 , @entity876 and @entity1364 , by PCR for the presence of HPV-DNA, for the quantification of the mitotic index and the microvessel density ( @entity2279 ). The results were correlated with various histopathologic characteristics and survival. RESULTS: The multiple Cox's regression analysis for overall survival of all prognostic variables gave as best model: @entity588 (P<0.001), lymphovascular permeation (P=0.004), mitotic index (P=0.019), @entity5 grade (P=0.048) and FIGO stage (P=0.070). Subanalysis was performed for the @entity1 where the lymph node status was known (n=79). Adding the lymph node status gave as best model for overall survival @entity588 (P=0.001), lymphovascular permeation (P=0.003) and mitotic index (P=0.044). However, they hardly influenced the association. CONCLUSION: In the apoptotic pathway of @entity5 , @entity588 is one of most important proteins. It can probably not only mediate cell death but also regulate cell growth. A better understanding of their relations will probably provide the basis for more rational @entity5 therapies in the future.

title: The importance of biological factors ( @entity588 , @entity589 , @entity876 , XXXX , MI, HPV and angiogenesis) in invasive cervical cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1364 :: (5111,Gene) :: ['PCNA']


abstract: Morphology of the central retina and scotopic visual sensitivity were compared in juvenile albino and normally pigmented @entity5660 living under natural and reduced daylight. Outdoor albinos avoided exposing their eyes to direct sunlight, whereas normals were indifferent to it. After 4 months outdoors (approximately 10,000 lux in albinos, approximately 100,000 lux in normals), albinos had severely truncated or missing @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) and some missing rod ellipsoids, but normal numbers of photoreceptor nuclei and fully intact cones. Albino estimated @entity1347 volume was only 7.1% of normal in July, but increased to 20% by the following February, mainly via an increase in numbers of @entity1347 . However, in albinos moved indoors October 7 and exposed to 10-30 lux ambient daylight, both the number and length of @entity1347 increased significantly, with estimated @entity1347 volume reaching 95% of normal by 34 days. Albinos generally had more phagosomes (approximately 3 x normal) and more macrophages (approximately 2 x normal) in their outer retina. An optomotor reflex was used to define the effect of @entity1347 volume on the ability to respond visually during dark adaptation. In July, albinos and normals from outdoor raceways (3 months) or indoor raceways (35 days) showed equal sensitivity after first being placed in darkness, but after 1 h in darkness, outdoor albinos with 6% of normal @entity1347 volume were 2.0 log units less sensitive than indoor or outdoor normals, whereas indoor albinos with 53% of normal @entity1347 volume were only 0.7 log units less sensitive. This verifies that most rod cell bodies of albino trout can persist without functional @entity1347 in indirect sunlight, and can regrow functional outer segments in dim daylight. This finding is distinct from the extensive retinal light damage observed in albino @entity35 exposed to more moderate cyclic light, in which entire rod cells degenerate early on.

title: Solar pruning of retinal rods in albino XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ROS', 'rod outer segments']

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['rainbow trout']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['rainbow trout']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4608 of infancy (MNTIs) are pigmented and rapidly growing and occur predominantly within the bony head and neck structures. There are fewer than 400 cases reported in the literature, with many of these described as single case reports because of their rarity. MNTIs are derived from the neural crest and appear in areas that develop from neuroectodermal pathways; the most common of these is the maxilla. Locations in other intraosseous and extraosseous structures have been characterized, including the mandible (6%), skull, brain, and epididymis. @entity1 in the first year of life are usually affected, compelling prompt diagnosis and treatment, as well as close monitoring. The prognosis is generally good despite the rapidity of growth. The incidence of recurrence is about 20% overall and perhaps higher (33%) in mandibular cases. Given the rarity of this disease, an overestimation of recurrence or @entity3 may be more frequently reported. The @entity5 are categorized as benign but aggressive, with rare reports of malignant features based on histology or @entity3 . Surgical resection in the pursuit of @entity5 -free margins is the primary treatment modality for all @entity5 given their potential for extensive growth; this is especially true of @entity5 , which comprise fewer than 25 cases in the literature. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been used as adjuncts in such cases, with varying reports of success in reducing morbidity and mortality rates. The management of a metastatic @entity5 , in particular, has only been documented in 1 other case. The purpose of this case report is to present treatment and reconstruction considerations in a metastatic mandibular MNTI and to review the associated literature.

title: Metastatic XXXX : Report of a Case and Review of the Literature.

entities_list: @entity4608 :: ('MESH:D017600', 'Disease') :: ['Melanotic neuroectodermal tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mandibular tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity4608 :: (MESH:D017600,Disease) :: ['Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Compression of the fourth ventricle (CV-4) is a manual, noninvasive procedure that reportedly affects the cranial rhythmic impulse, a phenomenon recognized by practitioners of @entity129 , that is concomitant with @entity4365 in blood flow velocity. This study examines the CV-4 and its effect upon blood flow velocity. METHODS: @entity1 subjects were paired with 28 individual physicians for application of the CV-4, and the duration of the application was recorded. Flowmetry records tracking the course of the procedure were obtained, 20 of which were useable for intergroup comparisons. Segments of these records (control, treatment, response) were Fourier-transformed; the Fourier-transformed spectra were subtracted from one another and the resultant difference-spectra compared. RESULTS: The mean CV-4 procedure length was 4.43 +/- 2.22 minutes. The mean frequency of the TH waveform visible in the blood flowmetry record was 7.10 +/- 2.07 cpm. The CV-4 procedure specifically affected the @entity4365 in blood flow velocity. After application, the amplitude of the TH, 0.10 Hz, frequency wave increased (relative area units: control minus treatment [0.08010 units) compared with control minus response [-0.03358 units]; P = .011). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that CV-4 has an effect on the TH frequency component of blood flow velocity. The practitioners of @entity129 who participated in this study affected their subjects in a quantifiable manner with the application of the CV-4 procedure.

title: The effect of an alternative medical procedure upon XXXX in cutaneous blood flow velocity.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial manipulation']

entities_list: @entity4365 :: ('MESH:C565121', 'Disease') :: ['low-frequency oscillations', 'low-frequency Traube-Hering (TH) oscillations']

answer: @entity4365 :: (MESH:C565121,Disease) :: ['low-frequency oscillations']


abstract: Urinary @entity2931 and @entity12778 excretion was measued daily ("daily monitoring") for a complete cycle in 20 normally menstruating @entity1 , in one @entity1 with an anovulatory cycle and for 28 days in a @entity1 with secondary @entity4999 . The measurements were also performed on urine specimens collected at weekly intervals for 4 to 6 weeks ("weekly tracking") from 506 @entity1 with evidence of abnormal ovarian function. These included 9 @entity1 with primary @entity4999 , 132 @entity1 with secondary amenorrheoa, 138 @entity1 with oligomenorrhoea and 227 @entity1 with evidence of @entity2670 and cycle lengths of 25 to 42 days. The results were subjected to statistical analysis. In the normal cycles, ovulation could be identified on the criteria of a rising @entity12778 value reaching or exceeding 2-0 mg. per 24 hours for a period of 7 days or more. Valid conclusions on the overall mean @entity2931 and @entity12778 values for a complete cycle could be made from the results of weekly tracking, irrespective of which day the tracking commenced. Correlations were obtained by comparing the mean and maximum urinary @entity2931 values and the variability of the values with the evidence of ovarian function indicated by the clinical classifications of the @entity1 , the duration of the disorders and the subsequent occurrence of uterine @entity548 . Mean @entity2931 values of 10 mug. per 24 hours or less were associated with lack of ovarian function. For values higher than this a discriminant function based on both the mean @entity2931 value and the variability of the @entity2931 values was useful in predicting onset of spontaneous menstruation. A single urine specimen collected 4 to 8 days before onset of menstruation showing a raised @entity12778 value of 2-0 mg. per 24 hours or more provided a valid test for ovulation in @entity1 with regular cycles, and a single urine specimen giving an @entity2931 value of 10 mug per 24 hours or less gave a valid indication of absent ovarian function in @entity1 with @entity4999 for two years or more. In all other circumstances serial sampling at weekly intervals provided a valid assessment of ovarian activity. Application of these principles allows the greatest amount of information on ovarian function to be obtained with the greatest economy of effort.

title: The investigation of ovarian function by measurement of urinary XXXX and @entity12778 excretion.

entities_list: @entity12778 :: ('MESH:D011276', 'Chemical') :: ['pregnanediol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4999 :: ('MESH:C537962', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhoea']

answer: @entity2931 :: (CHEBI:50114,Chemical) :: ['oestrogen']


abstract: Recent epidemiologic and Mendelian randomization studies together have provided evidence that @entity3452 ( @entity3452 ) plays a causal role in the pathogenesis of @entity731 and @entity65 ( @entity65 ). The risk association with @entity65 is weak but seems continuous in shape and without an obvious threshold for @entity3452 levels. A plasma concentration of 60 mg/dl compared to usual levels is associated with an odds ratio for @entity301 of about 1.5 after adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors. @entity1670 ( @entity1670 ) is the pharmacologic means of choice for decreasing elevated @entity3452 levels but the drug is often poorly tolerated due to adverse reactions. Dietary measures, exercise and other lipid-lowering drugs, especially statins, fibrates and @entity3709 , are without effect. In @entity1 with severe progressive @entity65 and very high @entity3452 levels, lipoprotein apheresis may be used to effectively decrease @entity3452 concentrations. The method is expensive and impractical for most @entity1 and its feasibility depends by and large on the healthcare reimbursement system of the respective country. No established treatment, however, selectively reduces @entity3452 without influencing other lipoproteins. Moreover, despite the clear association of @entity5522 (a) with cardiovascular risk, no rigorously designed study to date has demonstrated that lowering @entity3452 concentrations has beneficial effects on cardiovascular endpoints. Randomized trials to this effect are urgently needed.

title: XXXX (a): clinical significance and treatment options.

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1670 :: ('MESH:D009525', 'Chemical') :: ['Niacin', 'nicotinic acid']

entities_list: @entity3709 :: ('MESH:C108606', 'Chemical') :: ['ezetimibe']

entities_list: @entity5522 :: ('MESH:D006951', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity5522 :: (MESH:D006951,Disease) :: ['Hyperlipoproteinemia']


abstract: @entity442 regulates cell growth, differentiation, and survival in many cultured nerve cell lines. The present study was undertaken in the @entity1 @entity521 cell line, SH-SY5Y, to elucidate whether there are differences in the IGF-dependent signal transduction pathways that stimulate proliferation compared to those that induce differentiation. Quiescent SH-SY5Y cells were treated with @entity442 in the presence or absence of @entity4286 (an inhibitor of @entity8047 , a MAP kinase kinase) or @entity2306 (an inhibitor of PI 3-kinase). Cell growth was assessed by measuring @entity665 incorporation into DNA and cell number. Cell differentiation was assessed by measuring mRNA levels of @entity7766 and neurite outgrowth. @entity442 both induced cell proliferation and differentiation. It stimulated @entity669 phosphorylation of the type I IGF receptor ( @entity2856 ) beta-subunit, IRS-I, @entity21320 , and @entity9703 , and these changes were associated with activation of @entity22166 and @entity584 . @entity4286 inhibited activation of @entity22166 and @entity2306 repressed activation of @entity584 in response to @entity442 , but did not affect @entity669 phosphorylation of the @entity2856 , @entity10175 , @entity21320 , or @entity9703 . Each @entity4286 and @entity2306 inhibited @entity442 -dependent cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, each of these inhibitors only partially depressed @entity7766 gene expression induced by @entity442 and slightly inhibited @entity442 -mediated neurite outgrowth; however, when both @entity4286 and @entity2306 were present, @entity442 -dependent @entity7766 gene expression and neurite outgrowth were abolished completely. These results suggest that in these nerve cells, 1) the @entity442 signals through the MAP kinase pathway and PI-3 kinase pathway are independently essential to induce @entity442 -dependent growth, and 2) alternate activation of the MAP kinase pathway and PI 3-kinase pathway is sufficient for the cells to undergo @entity442 -dependent differentiation.

title: Insulin-like growth factor-I-dependent signal transduction pathways leading to the induction of cell growth and differentiation of XXXX @entity521 cell line SH-SY5Y: the roles of MAP kinase pathway and PI 3-kinase pathway.

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']