abstract: AIM: We observed a dramatic response to the ketogenic diet in several @entity1 with highly refractory @entity302 whose @entity410 frequency had recently worsened. This study aimed to identify whether this characteristic was a useful indication for the ketogenic diet. METHOD: From the 70 @entity1 who received the ketogenic diet during a 3-year period at our institution, we retrospectively selected @entity1 with @entity1625 . There were 22 @entity1 , 13 females and nine males, aged from 5 months to 18 years 6 months (mean 6y 9mo, SD 5y 11mo). Fifteen had symptomatic and seven had cryptogenic @entity1625 . @entity410 frequency 1 week before initiating the ketogenic diet was compared with that at 1 month and at the last visit on the diet. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 were responders (defined as reduction of @entity410 by more than 50%) at 1 month. Responders were higher (p=0.046) in the group with a recent worsening of @entity410 than in those with stable @entity410 frequency. Seven @entity1 were still @entity410 -free at 6 months on the diet. Tolerability was excellent in 10 @entity1 . Five @entity1 stopped the diet because of early side effects. INTERPRETATION: The ketogenic diet may be a valuable therapeutic option for @entity1 with pharmacoresistant @entity1625 , particularly those with a recent deterioration of @entity410 control and neurological status. Because of its rapid effect, the ketogenic diet may be a useful support to intravenous emergency drugs in such a situation.

title: The ketogenic diet improves recently worsened XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity1625 :: (MESH:D004828,Disease) :: ['focal epilepsy']


abstract: Sarafotoxin S6B(SRT), a peptide in snake venom, has a high degree of sequence homology with endothelin (ET) and both are potent vasoconstrictors. In order to determine whether SRT acts via the ET receptor, we performed autoradiographic binding studies on @entity35 tissues using the radioligands, 125I- @entity1827 and 125I-SRT and computerized in vitro autoradiography. In the heart, a high density of ET binding was found in the atria, and moderate density was found in the ventricles. A high density of @entity1827 was found in the heart. In the kidney, @entity1827 binding occurred in association with glomeruli, outer cortex, and inner stripe and inner medulla. In the adrenal, a high density of @entity1827 binding occurred in the medulla as well as the zona glomerulosa. The binding affinity constant (KA) for @entity1827 binding in these sites ranged from 1-10 x 10(9) M-1. Although SRT was 5-100 fold weaker than @entity1827 in displacing 125I- @entity1827 from these sites, 1 microM unlabelled SRT completely abolished 125I- @entity1827 binding in all sites. Other venom peptides or unrelated peptides did not affect 125I- @entity1827 binding. Moreover, the pattern of 125I-SRT binding in @entity35 tissues by in vitro autoradiography was identical with that of 125I- @entity1827 binding, and both unlabelled SRT and unlabelled @entity1827 fully competed with 125I-SRT for binding. These results provide evidence that SRT binds to the ET binding sites in a range of @entity35 tissues.

title: [Comparison between endothelin binding sites and sarafotoxin S6B binding sites in XXXX tissues: studies by quantitative in vitro receptor autoradiography].

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1 resting muscle (myofascial) tone (HRMT) is the passive tonus or @entity2701 of skeletal muscle that derives from its intrinsic (EMG-silent) molecular viscoelastic properties. The word tone has been used to convey varying clinical and physiological features that have led to @entity911 and controversy. HRMT is the vital low-level, passive @entity2701 , and resistance to stretch that contributes importantly to maintain postural stability in balanced equilibrium positions. In contrast, co-contraction of muscle is an active neuromotor control that provides greater levels of tonus for increased stabilization. Functionally, HRMT is integrated with other passive fascial and ligamentous tensional networks of the body to form a biotensegrity system. This review aims to achieve better understandings of HRMT and its functional roles. Nature is frugal and @entity1 's adaptations to gravitational forces and erect postures seemingly evolved mechanisms in skeletal muscle tissues to economically enhance stability. Normal passive muscle tone helps to maintain relaxed standing body posture with minimally increased energy costs (circa 7% over supine), and often for prolonged durations without @entity1295 . Available data infer polymorphic variations in normal @entity13705 . However, few quantitative studies have been performed to establish normal frequency distributions of degrees of @entity13705 . Clinical experience indicates that @entity1 with certain symptomatic musculoskeletal conditions may have palpably increased resting muscle firmness or @entity3358 (EMG-silent), such as that of the upper trapezius in @entity2701 , and the lumbodorsal extensors (hartspann) in @entity1798 and @entity1691 . In summary, resting skeletal muscle tone is an intrinsic viscoelastic @entity2701 exhibited within the body's kinematic chains. It functions inseparably from fascial (i.e., myofascial) tissues and ligamentous structures. Thus, HRMT is a passive myofascial property which operates within networks of tensional tissues, i.e., biotensegrity. This passive @entity2701 is the CNS-independent component resulting from intrinsic molecular interactions of the actomyosin filaments in sarcomeric units of skeletal muscle and myofibroblast cells. The overarching CNS-activated muscle contractions generate far greater tensions transmitted by fascial elements. @entity121 and its biodynamics promises greater effectiveness of clinical practitioners and productivity of investigators, which warrants priority attention.

title: XXXX resting muscle tone (HRMT): narrative introduction and modern concepts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['man', 'Human', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity13705 :: ('MESH:D009209', 'Disease') :: ['myofascial tone']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['tension', 'tension-type headache']

entities_list: @entity1798 :: ('MESH:C535531', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative lumbar disc disease']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Interdisciplinary research on HRMT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: AIMS: To assess the prevalence of @entity729 (CAC) in @entity298 ( @entity298 ) @entity1 and to determine whether comorbidities such as @entity32 , @entity2299 and mineral @entity209 correlate with its development. METHODS: Forty-nine @entity298 @entity1 (45% male; median age, 52 years) were submitted to multislice computed tomography. Inflammatory markers, anti-oxidized LDL antibody, @entity78 balance and lipid profiles were assessed. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 (59.2%) presented CAC (median @entity460 score, 234.7 Agatston units). @entity1 with CAC were older than those without, more frequently presented a history of @entity453 or @entity101 and had lower HDL @entity165 levels, as well as presenting higher levels of @entity2159 and LDL oxidation. The logistic regression revealed that the independent determinants of CAC were age (odds ratio = 1.12; p = 0.006) and number of prescribed anti- @entity101 drugs (odds ratio = 2.38; p = 0.048). When the population was stratified by @entity460 score quartile, soluble Fas levels were significantly higher in @entity1 with severe @entity730 . In @entity1 younger than 45, CAC correlated positively with @entity3151 levels (r = 0.52; p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: In @entity298 @entity1 , CAC is highly prevalent. Our results indicate that conditions such as @entity32 and mineral disturbances are associated with its development.

title: @entity729 , systemic XXXX markers and mineral metabolism in a @entity298 population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2159 :: ('4982', 'Gene') :: ['osteoprotegerin']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolism disorders']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery calcification']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: Eighty-three previously untreated @entity1 with @entity1893 were treated with either MACOP-B (23 @entity1 ) or VACOP-B (60 @entity1 ) as originally described by Klimo and Conners [1, 2]. Their median age was 46 years. Thirty-seven @entity1 had stage I or II and 46 stage III or IV disease. The @entity5 histopathology was reviewed in all cases. Sixty-five @entity1 had intermediate grade and 18 high-grade @entity1893 according to the International Working Formulation. The rate of complete response was 74% for MACOP-B and 76% for VACOP-B. At the time of analysis the duration of follow-up was 50 months for the MACOP-B and 22 months for the VACOP-B group. The actuarial three-year progression-free survival was 35 +/- 10% for the MACOP-B group, 48 +/- 11% for the VACOP-B group, and 46 +/- 7% for all @entity1 . Treatment mortality was 6%. A univariate and a multivariate analysis of selected pretreatment parameters and of regimen demonstrated that stage III or IV, @entity1893 , and elevated serum LDH, but not the type of regimen, are significantly associated with poor progression-free survival in our @entity1 population.

title: Chemotherapy with MACOP-B and VACOP-B for intermediate- and high-grade XXXX : clinical results and analysis of prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas", "non-Hodgkin's lymphomas", 'high-grade lymphoma']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ventral body wall (VBW) defects occur in 1:2000 live births. We examined the association of @entity4037 with @entity854 and @entity1515 in the @entity1573 using in vitro and in ovo methods. METHODS: Explanted @entity1573 embryos were treated at 60 hours with 50 microL @entity13101 or 0.001% @entity56778 solution to produce @entity4037 . Mortality and abnormality rates were assessed. A further cohort of chicks was treated in ovo by dropping 50 microL 0.001% to 0.01% @entity56778 onto the embryo and allowing development to 16.5 days for further assessment of the defect and skeletal staining with alcian blue and @entity622 red. RESULTS: @entity3409 treatment at 24 hours induced @entity4037 in chicks treated in both shell-less culture and in ovo. Material herniating through the @entity4037 was covered by a membrane in all fresh specimens. Membrane removal revealed large defects containing liver and bowel. These criteria clearly indicate that the defect observed is an omphalocele. Affected embryos had reduced somite numbers within 24 hours. Chicks exhibiting @entity14147 at 16.5 days invariably had @entity1515 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity3409 -treated @entity1573 embryo is a reliable model for @entity14147 . A positive association was found between @entity14147 and @entity1515 in the @entity1573 .

title: Omphalocele induction in the @entity1573 embryo by administration of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity13101 :: ('MESH:D019346', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium acetate']

entities_list: @entity622 :: ('MESH:C010078', 'Chemical') :: ['alizarin']

entities_list: @entity3409 :: ('MESH:D002104', 'Chemical') :: ['Cadmium', 'cadmium']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['somite abnormality']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['lordosis', 'lumbar lordosis', 'lumbosacral lordosis']

entities_list: @entity56778 :: ('MESH:C028031', 'Chemical') :: ['cadmium acetate']

entities_list: @entity14147 :: ('MESH:D006554', 'Disease') :: ['exomphalos']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['VBW defects', 'VBW defect']

answer: @entity3409 :: (MESH:D002104,Chemical) :: ['cadmium']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study evaluated long-term results of transanal irrigation for defecation disturbances. METHODS: Three hundred and forty-eight @entity1 [248 @entity1 and 100 @entity1 ; median age 52 years (range, 5-85)] suffering from @entity1142 and fecal @entity322 were introduced to transanal irrigation. @entity1 using transanal irrigation at follow-up received a mailed questionnaire describing bowel function and practical procedures. Results from @entity1 not responding and @entity1 no longer using transanal irrigation were drawn from hospital records and telephone interviews. Background variables were analysed using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 21 months (range, 1-116) 163 of 348 @entity1 (47 percent) had a successful outcome from treatment with transanal irrigation. Success rates varied between @entity1 with different underlying pathology: @entity3501 , 67 of 107 (63 percent); anal insufficiency, 36 of 70 (51 percent); sequela to anorectal surgery, 14 of 48 (29 percent); idiopathic @entity1142 , 27 of 79 (34 percent); and miscellaneous, 19 of 44 (43 percent). Factors correlating with positive outcome were @entity3501 and anal insufficiency as underlying pathology, low rectal volume at urge to defecate, low maximal rectal capacity, and low anal squeeze pressure increment. Two nonfatal bowel perforations were found in approximately 110,000 irrigation procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Transanal irrigation is simple and safe for long-term treatment for defecation disturbances with greatest benefit in @entity1 with @entity3501 .

title: Long-term outcome and safety of transanal irrigation for @entity1142 and fecal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3501 :: ('MESH:D055496', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bowel dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: Contradictory findings from studies on pretreatment malalignment as a risk factor for relapse of maxillary incisor alignment may be due to inappropriate sample selection and measurement technique. In an attempt to clarify the issue, 745 sets of study models made before (T1) and after (T2) orthodontic treatment and at long-term out of retention (T3) were screened. On the basis of the configuration of the @entity1347 on the T3 study models, three groups were established: one with significant spacing (group 1, n = 30); one with significant irregularity (group 2, n = 49); and one with perfect alignment (group 3, n = 28). The occlusal surfaces of the 321 maxillary study models at T1, T2, and T3 were photocopied and the tooth anatomic contact points digitized. An algorithm was used to fit the dental arch to the digitized points. Amount of @entity717 and anatomic contact point displacement of the @entity1347 relative to the dental arch were computer generated. Interdental spaces in the maxillary anterior segment, as well as overjet and overbite, were measured manually. Nonstructural data were collected from the charts. Logistic regression analyses revealed that irregularity was associated with greater anatomic contact displacement and with greater @entity717 both at @entity6493 (P < 0.01). Similar analyses also revealed that spacing was associated with greater interdental spaces at @entity6493 (P < 0.01). Correlation analyses revealed that the pattern of pretreatment rotational displacement has a strong tendency to repeat itself after retention (P < 0.001), as opposed to the pattern of contact point displacement and interdental spacing.

title: Associations between initial, posttreatment, and postretention alignment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary anterior teeth']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['incisor rotation']

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['maxillary anterior teeth']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgery for @entity5 carries a high risk of @entity1150 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the prophylactic effect of a low molecular weight heparin, enoxaparin, 40 mg once daily, beginning 2 h before surgery, compared with that of unfractionated low-dose heparin three times daily. METHODS: @entity1 included were over 40 years of age and undergoing planned elective curative abdominal or pelvic surgery for @entity5 . The study was designed as a prospective double-blind randomized multicentre trial with participating departments from ten countries. Primary outcome was @entity1211 as detected by mandatory bilateral venography or pulmonary scintigraphy. Follow-up was at 3 months. RESULTS: Some 1115 @entity1 were randomized into the study but venograms were inadequate in 460 (41.3 per cent). Of 631 evaluable @entity1 , a total of 104 (16.5 per cent) developed @entity1031 complications. The frequency was 18.2 per cent in the heparin group and 14.7 per cent in the enoxaparin group (95 per cent confidence interval of the difference -9.2-2.3 per cent). There were no differences in bleeding events or other complications. One @entity1 in the heparin group developed severe @entity882 . There were no differences in mortality at either 30 days or 3 months. CONCLUSION: Enoxaparin, 40 mg once daily, is as safe and effective as unfractionated heparin three times daily in preventing @entity1211 in @entity1 undergoing major elective surgery for abdominal or pelvic @entity5 .

title: Efficacy and safety of enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin for prevention of XXXX in elective @entity5 surgery: a double-blind randomized multicentre trial with venographic assessment. ENOXACAN Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep vein thrombosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although @entity5 are infrequent, over half are @entity3291 . Most are situated in the cavities of the heart and exceptionally on the valves. Embolism towards the arteries of the anterior circulation of the central nervous system is the commonest neurological finding, but rarely involves the posterior circulation. CLINICAL CASE: A 79 year old @entity1 who one year before admission had had a right hemiparesia of the face and body, from which she had made a complete recovery. Three months later she had a sudden onset of unsteady gait which was deviated towards the right and vertigo. She attended our institution where magnetic resonance (MR) studies showed that there were @entity1188 in the territory of the right anterior and posterior @entity5487 . Four months later she had a further episode of unsteady gait, vertigo and right hemiparesia of face and body for which she was admitted to hospital. On physical examination there was dysmetry, dysdiadokokinesia and involvement of the third cranial nerve. Further MR studies showed the previous lesions and also a new @entity75 of the mesencephalum. A transoesophagic echocardiogram showed a @entity5 of approximately 18 x 20 mm, implanted in the mitral valve. Study of the resected @entity5 showed it to be a @entity3291 . Six months later the @entity1 was asymptomatic and had not relapsed. CONCLUSION: Although the association of vascular events of the posterior circulation with @entity3291 of the mitral valve is rare, its clinical importance cannot be overlooked.

title: [ XXXX of the mitral valve with embolization of the posterior circulation. A case report and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'cardiac tumours']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic lesion']

entities_list: @entity3291 :: ('MESH:D009232', 'Disease') :: ['myxomas', 'myxoma']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['inferior cerebellar arteries']

answer: @entity3291 :: (MESH:D009232,Disease) :: ['Myxoma']


abstract: Physiological evidence suggests that SK-type @entity141 -activated K+ channels participate in @entity1617 -induced hyperpolarization of OHCs (outer hair cells). Based on the sequences published by Kohler et al. [(1996), Science, 273: 1709), we designed degenerated primers recognizing cDNA subunits of @entity20626 , @entity20627 and @entity20628 . Using this consensus set of primers, we probed by PCR a @entity35 organ of Corti cDNA library. Two PCR products of 707 base pairs with sequence identical to @entity20628 and @entity20627 were obtained and cloned to generate RNA probes for in situ hybridization in the @entity35 cochlea. The subunit @entity20627 showed hybridization in the organ of Corti, at the location of the OHCs. The expression of @entity20627 by OHCs was confirmed by probing with PCR a poly(A) amplified OHC cDNA library. During development, @entity20627 hybridization in the organ of Corti was negative at embryonic days E16, E18 and at P0, weak at P4 and stronger from P8 to adulthood. The subunit @entity20627 could also be detected in the spiral ganglion from P4 to the adult stage. Contrary to @entity20627 , the subunit @entity20628 did not show specific hybridization in the organ of Corti at the adult stage (P120) and only a weak expression was observed at P10 and @entity7504 . Our study demonstrates expression of @entity20627 in OHCs. These @entity972 channels are good candidates to underlie the @entity1617 -activated K+ currents recorded during patch-clamp recordings in isolated OHCs. The expression of @entity20627 in the cochlear ganglion at the adult stage suggests that SK @entity141 -activated K+ channels may also participate in the repolarization of the auditory neurons after the action potential and may influence their firing patterns.

title: Expression of small-conductance calcium-activated XXXX channels (SK) in outer hair cells of the @entity35 cochlea.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the available @entity158 -relieving interventions other than oral medications for @entity5 . DESIGN: The pertinent literature is reviewed, and the various options for treating @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity5 are discussed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The appropriate situations for use of parenteral administration of opioids, spinal @entity1337 , neural blockade, and neurosurgical treatment are outlined, and the potential problems and complications associated with these techniques are described. RESULTS: The basic approach to the management of @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity5 is to begin treatment with less potent analgesic agents early and to progress toward use of more potent pharmaceutical agents, adjuvant drugs, and invasive procedures as needed for alleviation of @entity158 . With parenteral administration of opioids, the dosage can be adjusted rapidly, and therapy can be continued even though a @entity1 may have @entity344 . A portable ambulatory infusion pump can be used in selected @entity1 . The major advantage of spinal opioid @entity1337 is the intense @entity1337 provided with minimal side effects. The potential complications and the availability of treatment alternatives have limited the use of @entity616 , which usually provide only temporary relief of @entity158 . In carefully selected @entity1 with pancreatic or other upper @entity1820 , however, @entity616 are effective. @entity1 who fail to respond to conservative interventions may be candidates for neurosurgical procedures, such as spinal cord, cortical, or brain-stem stimulation or neuroablative operations (most commonly, cordotomy). CONCLUSION: @entity5 continues to be a major problem, and clinicians should be aware of the availability of effective treatment strategies and techniques. When orally administered medications fail to control @entity158 or cause excessive side effects, @entity1 should be referred to an appropriate specialist or medical center for consideration of other @entity158 -relieving techniques.

title: Treatment of XXXX : when orally administered medications fail.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer-related pain', 'cancer-related pain', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['neurolytic celiac plexus and splanchnic nerve blocks', 'neurolytic blocks']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer-related pain']


abstract: Outpatient treatment for acute symptomatic @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) was shown to be safe for most @entity1 . However, little is known whether @entity1 treated on an outpatient basis were ambulating or predominantly resting, a factor which may be decisive for the outcome. In the present study 129 @entity1150 @entity1 were randomized to either strict immobilization for 4 days or to ambulate for > or = 4 hours per day under supervision in order to show, whether the old concept of temporary immobilization is superior to early mobilization or not. The @entity1150 diagnosis was based on duplex sonography; all @entity1 were screened for PE at baseline and at day 4 by pulmonary ventilation-perfusion scanning, and were followed up for a total of 3 months. Clinically, changes in leg circumferences and leg @entity158 were evaluated. The frequency of PE at baseline was 53.0% and 44.9% in the immobile and the mobile groups, respectively. During the 4 days observation period new PEs were found in 10.0% and in 14.4% of the immobilized and the ambulating @entity1 (delta 4.4%; 95% CI -0.5 to 13.8; chi2 = 0.596, p = 0.44). The occurrence of new PE was related to the presence of PE at baseline but not to other potential predictors. The magnitude of a decrease in leg circumferences and leg @entity158 was comparable in both groups. No @entity1 died during the 4 day observation period. The total 3 month mortality rate was 3.9% (5 @entity1 ; 2 from the immobile, 3 from the ambulating group). All 5 @entity1 suffered from @entity5 . The results of this study show in accordance with the trial hypothesis that, regarding the frequency of PE, immobilization is not superior to early mobilization, suggesting that early mobilization is safe.

title: Acute XXXX : early mobilization does not increase the frequency of pulmonary embolism.

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep vein thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Previous research has found an association between writing about traumatic events and well-being. This study examined the effects of taking a religious perspective during a @entity130 -writing exercise. METHOD: @entity1 included 177 college students who were assigned randomly to either a conventional @entity130 writing or a religious @entity130 writing condition. @entity1 in the conventional writing condition were instructed to write about a traumatic experience, while @entity1 in the religious writing condition were instructed to write about the @entity130 from a religious/spiritual perspective. Well-being was assessed by symptoms of @entity1005 at one-month follow-up. RESULTS: Writing condition was found to interact with @entity130 severity and gender to affect @entity1005 symptoms at follow-up. Conventional writing was more effective (in reducing @entity1005 symptoms) for @entity1 reporting lower @entity130 severity than for those who reported higher @entity130 severity. Effects of religious writing on @entity1005 symptoms were not influenced by @entity130 severity. Also, @entity1 benefited more from religious writing than @entity1 did with regard to reductions in @entity1005 symptoms. CONCLUSION: It appears possible to adapt the conventional written emotional expression procedure in a way that encourages individuals to take a religious perspective, thereby augmenting effects on distress. These findings support further investigation of integrating religion into @entity130 interventions, particularly for individuals exposed to highly traumatic events.

title: Written emotional expression and religion: effects on XXXX symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'men']

answer: @entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['PTSD']


abstract: Platelet activating factor ( @entity5567 ) production and platelet-lipoxygenase activity were studied during hemodialysis (HD) with @entity8608 membranes. Six @entity1 were treated with first-use dialyzers (FU), and 6 @entity1 with reused dialyzers (RU). In a random and double-blind design, 2 HD were performed for each @entity1 , with or without @entity3766 pretreatment, a selective @entity5567 antagonist. Platelet and leukocyte counts were performed before pretreatment and 30 min before HD starting (T-30), at the beginning of HD (T0) and after 15 and 30 min of HD (T15, T30). @entity5567 production was analyzed by direct phase HPLC. To determine platelet-lipoxygenase activity, @entity11903 was detected by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after blood stimulation by the ionophore @entity3365 . In the FU group, @entity5567 and @entity11903 were produced during the first 30 min of HD. After @entity3766 pretreatment, @entity5567 production was suppressed and platelet-lipoxygenase activity reduced. In the RU group, neither @entity5567 nor @entity11903 production occurred, and @entity3766 had no effect. We conclude that @entity5567 , which was involved in both platelet and leukocyte activation that occurred during hemodialysis, can be considered as a bio-incompatibility marker.

title: Platelet-activating factor production during hemodialysis: effect of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8608 :: ('MESH:C009865', 'Chemical') :: ['cuprophane']

answer: @entity3766 :: (MESH:C045856,Chemical) :: ['BN 52021']


abstract: PURPOSE: 1) to investigate whether @entity8285 ( @entity8285 ) is a factor in the inflammatory reaction following @entity130 in @entity95 ; 2) to study its relationship with the cyclooxygenase (COX) metabolic pathway; 3) to study the influence of @entity2604 ( @entity2605 ), an inhibitor; of the @entity3350 ( @entity3350 ) cascade, on both COX and @entity3350 metabolism. METHODS: @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) and LTB(4) synthesis by incubated samples of chorioretina obtained from @entity95 ' eyes exposed to @entity3278 :Yag laser along with these @entity1813 accumulation in the vitreous were measured over one week follow-up period. The effect of @entity2605 pre-treatment on the COX and the @entity3350 pathways in the laser-injured chorioretina was also assessed. @entity1421 and @entity8285 levels in the vitreous and in the chorioretina incubation medium were quantified using the radioimmunoassay technique with the appropriate antibodies. RESULTS: LTB(4) in vitro production by @entity95 ' chorioretina subjected to ND; YAG laser was significantly elevated compared to control, peaking on day 7 to levels 2.45 fold greater than baseline (p < 0.01). @entity1421 formation, following a different pattern, was also enhanced and its maximal level (5.2 fold higher than control, p < 0.01) was achieved at the initial phase (day 1 post laser). Laser irradiation caused also an increase in the two @entity1813 accumulation in the vitreous, which was however not proportional to their production levels. @entity2605 treatment was associated with a sustained decrease in @entity8285 content in the vitreous, but had no effect on @entity1421 vitreal levels. CONCLUSIONS: Laser irradiation of the @entity95 ' retina induces an alteration in the @entity3350 metabolic pathway, which is dissociated from the influence on the COX cascade, pointing for the first time to a possible role played by @entity8285 as a mediator in the chorioretinal inflammatory reaction, with no connection to the role played by @entity1421 . @entity2605 selectively inhibited @entity3350 activity without affecting COX activity.

title: @entity3350 metabolism following laser induced retinal injury in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3278 :: ('MESH:D009354', 'Chemical') :: ['Neodymium']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE(2)', 'Prostaglandin E(2)']

entities_list: @entity2604 :: ('MESH:D009637', 'Chemical') :: ['Nordihydroguaiaretic acid']

entities_list: @entity1813 :: ('MESH:D015777', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoids']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinal laser injury']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the diagnosis and treatment for the @entity130 and longitudinal ligament. METHODS: From 2001 to 2005, the clinical data of sixty-three @entity1 with cervical disc and @entity130 were studied. Early treatment was done based on @entity1566 and spinal stabilities by X rays and MRI. Early operation was done in fifty-four cases and early non-operation in nine cases. RESULTS: The follow-up time was six to forty-one months in all @entity1 . The neurological recovery was found in two of eight complete SCI post-operation, thirty-one in thirty-nine incomplete SCI. Cervical collar or plaster orthotic were used in nine cases with four to six weeks. Evidence of instability was noted in four @entity1 , who were operated with anterior decompression fusion. Neck @entity1118 was found in two @entity1 , anterior decompression and fusion was done in one with cervical @entity1745 . CONCLUSIONS: MRI examination is the most value measure for the diagnosis of cervical disc and @entity130 . Early anterior decompression and fusion was an important approach for cervical disc and @entity130 .

title: [Diagnosis and treatment for the XXXX and longitudinal ligament].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury of cervical disc', 'longitudinal ligament injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injury of cervical disc']


abstract: Five families, four Caucasian and one Negro (14 @entity1 ) with fleck (speckled or Mouchet  e) @entity3986 of the @entity267 are presented. In each, the typical presentation of fine scattered fleck-like @entity3986 was found throughout all layers of the central and peripheral corneal stroma but not affecting the epithelium, Bowman's membrane, Descemet's membrane or the endothelium. Clear stroma was noted between each lesion. Visual acuity in all @entity1 was normal or only slightly affected. Except for an occasional @entity1 with minor @entity3917 , almost all @entity1 found affected with this @entity3986 were asymptomatic in regard to their corneal condition. There was no decrease in corneal sensitivity noted in any @entity1 . All families displayed evidence of an autosomal dominant hereditary pattern and progression of the @entity3986 is slow and benign in character. With the exception of one family with @entity66 , no systemic organic illness was noted by histroy in all of the families. Laboratory screening of 2 of the 5 families showed no abnormalities of any systemic @entity209 . The characteristic clinical picture and favorable prognosis of this condition enables one to easily differentiate this condition from other known parenchymatous @entity3985 . The incidence of this condition is probably much more common than the reported cases in the literature might indicate.

title: Fleck (Mouchet  e) XXXX of the @entity267 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic disease']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic lesions', 'dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity3985 :: ('MESH:D003317', 'Disease') :: ['corneal dystrophies']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

answer: @entity3986 :: (MESH:D009136,Disease) :: ['dystrophy']


abstract: The gastrointestinal morphology was investigated in three @entity1 insectivorous species, namely Acomys spinosissimus, Crocidura cyanea, and Amblysomus hottentotus. The aim of the study was to provide a comprehensive morphological comparison between the different species and to explore whether anatomical gastrointestinal adaptations are associated with the insectivorous diet of these species. The shape, proportional length, and proportional surface areas of the different gastrointestinal regions were recorded and compared in the three insectivores. @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E) and Alcian Blue/ @entity5644 Schiff (AB/PAS) were used for morphological assessment. In all three species, the stomach was simple and uncompartmentalized. The internal aspect of the stomach in A. spinosissimus was hemi-glandular, containing stratified squamous epithelium in the fundus, with glandular epithelium in the body and pyloric region. However, C. cyanea and A. hottentotus had wholly glandular stomachs. Paneth cells were not observed in the intestinal tracts of C. cyanea and A. hottentotus. Acomys spinosissimus was the only species studied that had a cecum. The proximal colonic region of A. spinosissimus had V-shaped mucosal folds. Histologically, C. cyanea had villi throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract (GIT), whereas for A. hottentotus villi were not present in the most distal gastrointestinal regions. In both C. cyanea and A. hottentotus, @entity33 were present in the distal part of the colon. The GITs of C. cyanea and A. hottentotus showed little morphological differentiation namely, a simple, glandular stomach and the lack of a cecum.

title: Comparative gastrointestinal morphology of three small XXXX insectivores: Acomys spinosissimus (Rodentia), Crocidura cyanea (Eulipotyphla), and Amblysomus hottentotus (Afrosoricida).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity5644 :: ('MESH:D010504', 'Chemical') :: ['Periodic Acid']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal mucosal folds']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: Endothelins ( @entity2232 , ET-2, ET-3) are potent bronchoconstrictors and growth-promoting mediators. They are released from various cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. In the airways, ETs are released under basal and stimulated conditions. In @entity1 with status asthmaticus and other @entity358 , the expression and production of @entity2232 are increased. We investigated the activities of endothelin-converting enzymes (ECE) and endothelin-degrading enzymes, mostly neutral endopeptidases ( @entity2282 ), in @entity840 tracheal epithelial cells in culture through the use of various enzyme inhibitors. We found that among ETs, only @entity2232 was steadily released under basal conditions over 24 h. The basal production was attenuated by both phosphoramidon and CGS 26 303, dual @entity2282 and ECE inhibitors. Conversely, @entity12064 , a selective @entity2282 inhibitor, did not attenuate but rather increased the concentration of @entity2232 in cell supernatants. CGS 24 592 and SQ 28 603, other @entity2282 inhibitors, also increased the concentrations of @entity2232 in cell supernatants in a concentration-dependent manner. However, at a high concentration, SQ 28 603 also inhibited the basal release of @entity2232 , which would suggest a non-selective inhibitory activity against ECE. These data suggest that @entity2232 is simultaneously produced and degraded by @entity840 tracheal epithelial cells via phosphoramidon-sensitive ECE and @entity2282 pathways, respectively. This observation is of interest when considering that @entity748 @entity1 were shown to have a damaged airway epithelium combined with the loss of @entity2282 activity, which was associated with an increased expression and production of @entity2232 .

title: Modulation of endothelin production and metabolism in XXXX tracheal epithelial cells by peptidase inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity12064 :: ('MESH:D015244', 'Chemical') :: ['thiorphan']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disorders']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: PURPOSE: Electrophysiological studies and radiofrequency catheter ablations require single or multiple sheath placements through femoral vein cannulation. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence, predictors, and outcomes of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) following such procedures. METHODS AND RESULTS: We prospectively enrolled 220 consecutive @entity1 with a median age of 70 [60-79]   years. The median duration of the procedures from insertion to removal of sheaths was 45 [30-75]   min. At least two sheaths were inserted in 158 (72%) of the cases. Duplex ultrasonography evaluation of the lower leg veins was performed 6 h after the procedure and revealed common femoral vein @entity715 in 11 (5%) @entity1 . All thrombi were partial and none was complete. Thrombi were mobile in four @entity1 and extended to the external iliac vein in three @entity1 . None of the @entity1 presented with clinical signs of @entity1150 or @entity1151 . Anticoagulation was prescribed for 2-4 weeks and a follow-up duplex ultrasonography obtained in the first seven @entity1 revealed complete resolution of thrombi in all cases. On multivariate analysis, two predictors of @entity715 occurrence were identified: a greater sum of sheath diameters (odds ratio, 1.41 [95% confidence interval, 1.25-1.60] @entity307 -French increase; p   <   0.001) and a longer procedural duration (odds ratio, 1.02 [95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.04] @entity307 -min increase; p   =   0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Asymptomatic femoral @entity1150 occur in 5% of electrophysiological studies and right-heart radiofrequency catheter ablations, particularly when large sheaths are inserted for a longer period. The role of anticoagulation in this clinical setting warrants further evaluation.

title: XXXX after right-sided electrophysiological procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Femoral vein thrombosis']


abstract: A series of 64 @entity1 who had surgery for @entity5971 with a distance-near disparity of at least 10 prism diopters was reviewed. Thirty-three @entity1 were prism adapted for their distance deviation (PA distance). Thirty-one @entity1 were prism adapted for near deviation (PA near). Both groups were divided into responders and nonresponders. In the PA distance group, 22 (67%) @entity1 were responders. All responders had surgery for their prism-adapted angle. Postoperatively, 19 (86%) responders had fusion. Thirteen (68%) required bifocals to maintain fusion. In the PA near group, 21 (68%) @entity1 were responders. All responders had surgery for their prism-adapted angle. Ninety-four percent of responders had fusion postoperatively. None needed bifocals for fusion postoperatively and none were overcorrected. The results show that those @entity1 who were prism adapted for their near angle, responded with fusion, and had surgery for their full amount of @entity5971 at prism response obtained better postoperative fusion, without the need for a bifocal at near and without overcorrection at distance.

title: Prism adaptation for XXXX with a distance-near disparity.

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

answer: @entity5971 :: (MESH:D004948,Disease) :: ['esotropia']


abstract: @entity2012 is often associated with @entity4094 . Most of them are caused by compression of nerves with @entity6 . @entity121 has rarely been reported in the Japanese literature. We report two cases with @entity121 out of 14 cases of @entity2012 . Case 1 is a 62-year-old @entity1 who developed @entity425 and @entity194 in the shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle and femoral regions after a 10-year history of @entity2012 . She showed positive Gowers' sign and normal DTRs. Basal @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) level in plasma was 1076 ng/ml. Electromyograms (EMG) obtained from the deltoid and rectus femoris muscles revealed typical @entity121 ; an excess of small-amplitude, short-duration, polyphasic motor unit potentials. Histological examinations of the rectus femoris muscle showed @entity194 of both type I and type II fibers. She also had bilateral @entity923 and @entity24185 , which were confirmed by nerve conduction studies of median nerves and posterior tibial nerves. A cranial computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated sellar mass with suprasellar extension. She underwent transsphenoidal adenomectomy and radiation therapy. @entity2124 level lowered to 29 ng/ml, however, @entity121 remained unchanged for 3 years after the surgery. Case 2 is a 38-year-old @entity1 who had undergone partial removal of a @entity977 9 years after the onset of @entity2012 . Basal @entity2124 level in plasma before the surgery had been 1694 ng/ml and was still high after the surgery (100-505 ng/ml). The @entity1 developed proximal @entity425 and @entity194 4 years after the surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ @entity121 in XXXX . Report of two cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disorders']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic bone and soft tissues or complications of diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly', 'Acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'diffuse atrophy']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity24185 :: ('MESH:D013641', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral tarsal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Myopathy', 'myopathic abnormalities', 'myopathy']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: Majority of studies based of treatment of liver metastases from @entity14 compare their results to historical controls that include @entity1 having @entity96 . The aim of this study was to show the natural history of @entity1 with liver @entity3 from @entity5 . Data of 303 @entity1 underwent laparotomy between 1984 and 1992 were reviewed. 47 of 57 @entity1 who had liver @entity3 at the time of surgery fulfilled the criteria of the study. The mean survival time was 8.5 (1-27) months for all @entity1 , 11 months for @entity1 with solitary @entity5 (n = 13) and 7.5 months for those with @entity5 (n = 34). @entity1 who had liver and other distant metastases simultaneously (n = 9) survived a shorter time than those with hepatic secondaries only (4 and 9 months respectively). The mean survival time for @entity1 in whom the primary @entity5 was resected (n = 17) was 11 months contrary to 7 months for those who underwent colostomy or exploratory laparotomy, but comparison of survival curves didn't revealed significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of liver metastases from @entity5 at the time of laparotomy was 19%. The prognosis was very poor in case of @entity5 . Palliative resection of the primary @entity5 is recommended for selected @entity1 only to control local symptoms.

title: Prognosis of untreated liver @entity3 from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['untreated secondary liver tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumour', 'multiple tumours', 'rectal cancer', 'synchronous secondary tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: The sequence-dependency of the antitumor effect of @entity2879 ( @entity2879 ) and @entity9864 ( @entity2592 ) and its mechanisms were investigated in L1210 @entity5 . Treatment with @entity2879 (15 mg/kg) and @entity2592 (25 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally on days 1, 4, and 7 after @entity5 inoculation. Three-hour pretreatment with @entity2879 followed by @entity2592 produced 70% of cure rate, but only 20% of cure rate was obtained with the reverse sequence. Simultaneous administration led to the worst therapeutic result. To clarify this sequence-dependent interaction of the both drugs, the effect of @entity2879 on incorporation of @entity2592 into DNA was investigated in vivo. On day 3 after intraperitoneal transplantation of 1 x 10(6) L1210 cells, 15 mg/kg of @entity2879 and 1 microCi of (3H) @entity2592 was administered intraperitoneally with or without time interval. The effect of @entity2879 on @entity2592 incorporation was also strikingly schedule-dependent and compatible with the schedule dependency of the antitumor effect. At 1 hr after injection of @entity2592 , simultaneous administration of 15 mg/kg of @entity2879 reduced @entity2592 incorporation by 67% of @entity2592 injection alone. But in sharp contrast to simultaneous-administration, 3 hour preadministration of @entity2879 increased @entity2592 incorporation up to 247%. From 1 to 6 hour after intraperitoneal administration of 15 mg/kg of @entity2879 , the sedimentation rate of L1210 DNA was increasing on alkaline @entity969 gradients. This repairing period from @entity2879 induced DNA damage might be the vulnerable time to @entity2592 through an increase in @entity2592 incorporation into DNA.

title: Synergistic interaction between etoposide and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ascites tumor']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity9864 :: ('CHEBI:28680', 'Chemical') :: ['1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine']

answer: @entity9864 :: (CHEBI:28680,Chemical) :: ['1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine']


abstract: @entity693 caused by @entity328 is uncommon in adults. @entity2346 media, @entity2267 , @entity1244 , or @entity130 has antedated most cases reported in the past. Data on 10 recent cases suggest changes in the current pathogenesis of @entity693 in adults and emphasize the importance of accurate streptococcal speciation. @entity884 was present in five cases; @entity130 played a role in two others. @entity867 , corticosteroids, @entity7160 , and @entity298 secondary to chronic peritoneal dialysis were etiologic factors in five @entity1 . @entity2346 media, @entity2267 , and @entity1244 were conspicuously absent. @entity328 agalctiae accounted for @entity693 in two postmenopausal @entity1 . Both strains of group B @entity328 were @entity3637 -sensitive and were thus mislabeled group A. Recognition of @entity328 bovis spared two @entity1 unnecessary @entity4028 adminstration. Nine of the 10 @entity1 survived, including a @entity1 with prosthetic @entity339 and a @entity1 with a @entity867 . Differentiation of these streptococci from @entity328 was seldon possible on the basis of the spinal fluid gram stain alone.

title: XXXX caused by @entity328 in adults.

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity7160 :: ('MESH:D008104', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity3637 :: ('MESH:D001414', 'Chemical') :: ['bacitracin']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal meningitis', 'Meningitis', 'purulent meningitis']

entities_list: @entity2267 :: ('MESH:D008417', 'Disease') :: ['mastoiditis']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['Brain abscess', 'ruptured brain abscess']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus', 'Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['Endocarditis']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['Meningitis']


abstract: Experiments were carried out to examine the possibility that the @entity599 @entity535 metabolism of @entity35 may be an indicator of the nutritional value of dietary protein. @entity35 were fed diets containing 8, 16 or 24% of gluten, soy protein or casein for 3 wk. Hepatic @entity462 dioxygenase activity, hepatic concentration of @entity2041 , @entity462 and @entity2226 and urinary @entity2226 were examined. In addition, the @entity599 @entity535 metabolism of @entity35 fed these diets fortified with the appropriate first limiting @entity535 for 7 d was also examined. High urinary @entity2226 excretion was observed in the three gluten groups, whereas very low urinary @entity2226 excretion was observed with up to 24% soy protein or up to 16% casein. The hepatic hepatic @entity462 dioxygenase activities of the gluten diet groups were higher than those of corresponding soy protein or casein diet groups, except that of @entity35 fed the 24% casein diet. The hepatic concentrations of both @entity2041 and @entity462 in gluten diet groups were also higher than those of corresponding soy protein or casein diet groups, except 24% soy protein and 16 and 24% casein diet groups. In @entity35 fed the casein or soy protein diets urinary @entity2226 excretion and hepatic @entity462 dioxygenase activity increased with increasing @entity1853 supplementation, the first limiting @entity535 . Conversely, in @entity35 fed the gluten diet both urinary @entity2226 excretion and hepatic @entity462 dioxygenase activity decreased with increasing @entity376 supplementation, the first limiting @entity535 . These findings suggest that urinary @entity2226 excretion and hepatic @entity462 dioxygenase activity may be useful as sensitive indicators of the nutritional value of dietary protein.

title: Hepatic XXXX dioxygenase activity and @entity599 @entity535 metabolism in @entity35 : possible indicators in the evaluation of protein quality.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity462 :: (MESH:D003545,Chemical) :: ['cysteine']


abstract: Complete staging is mandatory for the management and therapy of @entity5 . Various radiotracers are available but the best imaging strategy has yet to be defined. In this study we retrospectively compared 123I-MIBG, 111In-[D-Phe1]-DTPA-octreotide and @entity419 (PET) imaging in 15 @entity1 with metastatic @entity5 (11 @entity5 , 4 @entity1823 ). Planar images were acquired 1, 4, 24 and 48 h following the injection of 111In-[D-Phe1]-DTPA-octreotide and 123I-MIBG. Whole-body PET scans were performed 45 min after injection of @entity419 . 111In-[D-Phe1]-DTPA-octreotide was positive in 11/15 @entity1 and identified 44 lesions, @entity419 PET was positive in 11/15 @entity1 and identified 107 lesions and 123I-MIBG was positive in 8/15 @entity1 and identified 67 lesions. No single scintigraphic technique identified all metastatic sites. In one @entity1 all studies were negative. @entity419 PET identified more abnormal sites than the other two modalities. Combination of all three imaging modalities with X-ray CT helps to provide a more comprehensive map of the disease.

title: Functional imaging of malignant XXXX and @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine tumours', 'carcinoid tumours']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paragangliomas']

answer: @entity1823 :: (MESH:D010235,Disease) :: ['paragangliomas']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective multicenter analysis of a subset of 375 @entity1 with @entity1514 @entity1615 ( @entity1615 ) treated with either anterior (238) or posterior (137) fusion with preoperative or postoperative distal junctional @entity1513 (DJK) >or=10 degrees . OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of DJK before and after surgery in @entity1 with @entity1615 undergoing either anterior or posterior @entity1514 fusion, and provide recommendations for prevention. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: DJK following surgical treatment for @entity1615 may result in @entity158 , imbalance, and unacceptable deformity. The true incidence of DJK following selective anterior or posterior instrumentation and fusion is unknown, as are "risk factors" for its development. METHODS: Mean age at surgery was 14.4 years (range 9.1-20.9) in the anterior group and 14.7 years (range 10.2-20.7) in the posterior. Analysis included the Cobb and instrumented levels of the @entity1514 curves, and sagittal measurements, all on preoperative and 2-year follow-up standing 36-in radiographs. RESULTS: In the anterior group, the incidence of preoperative DJK was 4.2%, and postoperative DJK was 7.1%. In the posterior group, the incidence of preoperative DJK was 5.0% and 14.6% after surgery. When postoperative DJK developed in the posterior group, mean postoperative T10-L2 was +17 degrees @entity1513 compared to +2 degrees in the posterior group without DJK (P < 0.001). When postoperative DJK developed in the anterior group, mean postoperative T10-L2 was +12 degrees @entity1513 compared to +2 degrees for the anterior group without DJK (P = 0.006). DJK was significantly more likely to occur in the posterior group if the Cobb was instrumented to less than Cobb +1 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: It appears that both posterior and anterior instrumentation for @entity1514 curves must include the junctional level to prevent postoperative DJK when postoperative DJK is present. The presence of @entity1513 after surgery in the T10-L2 region seen in both anterior and posterior groups that had postoperative DJK develop constitutes a "risk factor" for the development of DJK.

title: Distal junctional @entity1513 of adolescent idiopathic XXXX curves following anterior or posterior instrumented fusion: incidence, risk factors, and prevention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['increased kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

answer: @entity1514 :: (MESH:D013896,Disease) :: ['thoracic']


abstract: A preoperative diagnosis of @entity8 ( @entity359 ) is of great importance for a correct management of these @entity1 with this @entity5 . In fact when the lesion is small and asymptomatic a conservative approach may be considered. We have evaluated the radiographic and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAB) findings in 8 cases of @entity359 . In 3 cases both radiology and cytology were suggestive of @entity189 and thus the @entity1 underwent surgery. In one case both techniques suggested @entity359 but surgery was performed because the lesion was large and symptomatic. In 4 cases where both radiology and cytology suggested @entity359 no surgery was performed. Follow-up data are consistent with the benign nature of the lesions. The immunocytochemical analysis of the FNAB with a panel of antibodies including keratin, @entity2277 , actin and HMB-45 was indicative of @entity359 in 7 of 8 cases, including 2 of the 3 cases misdiagnosed as @entity189 . The presence of HMB-45-positive perivascular epithelioid cells in the FNABs was the most significant finding. It is concluded that immunocytochemical analysis of FNAB with this monoclonal antibody panel can increase the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis of @entity359 , and allow consideration of a conservative approach in selected cases.

title: Preoperative diagnosis of XXXX : fine needle aspiration cytology and immunocytochemical characterization.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal angiomyolipoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the long-term quality of life among @entity1 treated with and without intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for @entity135 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: The University of Washington Quality of Life instrument scores were reviewed for 155 @entity1 previously treated with radiation therapy for locally advanced @entity135 . All @entity1 were disease free and had at least 2 years of follow-up. Eighty-four @entity1 (54%) were treated with IMRT. The remaining 71 @entity1 (46%) were treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D CRT) by use of initial opposed lateral fields matched to a low anterior neck field. RESULTS: The mean global quality of life scores were 67.5 and 80.1 for the IMRT @entity1 at 1 and 2 years, respectively, compared with 55.4 and 57.0 for the 3D CRT @entity1 , respectively (p  < 0.001). At 1 year after the completion of radiation therapy, the proportion of @entity1 who rated their global quality of life as "very good" or "outstanding" was 51% and 41% among @entity1 treated by IMRT and 3DCRT, respectively (p = 0.11). At 2 years, the corresponding percentages increased to 73% and 49%, respectively (p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis accounting for sex, age, radiation intent (definitive vs. postoperative), radiation dose, T stage, primary site, use of concurrent chemotherapy, and neck dissection, the use of IMRT was the only variable independently associated with improved quality of life (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: The early quality of life improvements associated with IMRT not only are maintained but apparently become more magnified over time. These data provide powerful evidence attesting to the long-term benefits of IMRT for @entity135 .

title: Intensity-modulated radiotherapy is associated with improved global quality of life among long-term survivors of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-and-neck cancer']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head-and-neck cancer']


abstract: Major strides in early detection research can be attributed to social and behavioral research. Social scientists have been involved in research determining the epidemiologic basis of and the cost-effectiveness of screening for @entity10094 . The availability of well accepted screening tests has been a barrier to early detection research, especially in the area of @entity1 's health. Early detection research has focused on the individual and system levels. Theoretical models are being adapted for early detection from smoking research and are a strength of current work. These models explain why @entity1 participate in early detection and how behavior change can occur. In studying system barriers to early detection, intervention efforts have been focused in the community and in the medical care delivery system. Methodologic issues are beginning to emerge, including measuring of program outcomes, and the appropriate research designs for community studies. Except for immigrant populations, initial screening rates are high, and the periodicity of screening becomes the outcome of choice. Some of these problems are the direct result of the success of research and public education efforts to increase @entity5 screening. The following are priorities for the next decade: theory driven research on behavior change and on interventions; the social determinants of physicians' participation in screening; process evaluation to relate community efforts to outcomes; and reductions in the stage at which @entity5 is diagnosed as an outcome measure.

title: Early detection of XXXX . Psychologic and social dimensions.

entities_list: @entity10094 :: ('MESH:D058070', 'Disease') :: ['asymptomatic disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity56 is a complicated @entity74 caused by interaction of the acquired and innate immune responses. Acquired immune responses to protein antigens could induce type 2 T lymphocyte-driven responses and result in @entity12131 . Recent studies demonstrated that endotoxin, @entity558 and air pollution-induced innate immunity induce @entity565 through Toll-like receptors (TLR). However, the definite mechanism of @entity558 -induced @entity565 is still not known. Here, we investigated the effects of different doses of @entity558 in a @entity19 model of @entity56 to define the molecular mechanism of @entity558 -induced @entity565 . We found that low doses of @entity558 in OVA induced significant inflammatory infiltration in lung tissue of @entity748 @entity19 . Histologic studies demonstrated that lungs of these @entity748 @entity19 were characterized by the recruitment of both @entity1712 and neutrophils, increased airway mucus secretion and the elevated levels of @entity61 cytokines. A high dose of @entity558 in OVA can induce a @entity630 associated response, histologically characterized by neutrophil recruitment, the absence of airway mucus secretion and an increase of @entity60 production. Regardless of high or low dose of @entity558 , @entity1990 in alveolar macrophages (AM) was up-regulated in lungs of @entity748 @entity19 . Our data demonstrated that the dose of @entity558 exposure determines the type of inflammatory response and a low dose of @entity558 together with OVA augments the antigen-induced @entity55 in @entity565 . This study demonstrates that the @entity1990 signaling pathway plays a vital role in the development of @entity565 and indicates the tight connection between endotoxin exposure and @entity565 prevalence in the clinic.

title: Different doses of lipopolysaccharides regulate the @entity55 of @entity748 @entity19 via XXXX pathway in alveolar macrophages.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophils']

entities_list: @entity12131 :: ('MESH:C565292', 'Disease') :: ['atopic asthma']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic asthma', 'allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

answer: @entity1990 :: (21898(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TLR4']


abstract: @entity259 incidence has increased worldwide during the previous decades. In this nationwide study, we aimed to identify the overall incidence of @entity259 in Denmark during 66 years (1943-2008) and incidences of the four main histological types of @entity259 from 1978 to 2008. Data were obtained from the nationwide Danish Cancer Registry, and we focused especially on the period after implementation of compulsory @entity1496 supplementation, which was established on a national level in 2000. We calculated age-standardized incidence rates per 100,000 @entity1 -years, and age-period-cohort models were fitted to describe trends in incidence. To quantify trends in incidence over time, log-linear Poisson models were used to estimate annual percentage change. From 1943 to 2008, 1,947 @entity1 (29%) and 4,682 @entity1 (71%) were diagnosed with @entity259 . The age-standardized incidence increased in both sexes; in @entity1 from 0.41 to 1.57 per 100,000 and from 0.90 to 4.11 per 100,000 in @entity1 , corresponding to a significant average annual percentage change of 1.7 and 1.8%, respectively. The incidence increased with younger birth cohorts. The rise was almost exclusively caused by @entity1377 , and it was particularly present during the last decades of the study period. It cannot be ruled out that @entity1496 supplementation may play a role for the risk of @entity259 , but as the strongest increase in incidence began in the years before the implementation, it is likely that improvement in diagnostic modalities increased diagnostic activity, and/or new unknown risk factors are also important contributors to the increase.

title: XXXX in Denmark 1943-2008, before and after @entity1496 supplementation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid cancer', 'thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['Thyroid cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the importance of the length of @entity418 , sex, age, smoking, and drinking habits as risk factors for @entity528 , the authors performed a retrospective case-control study comparing @entity1 with and without @entity420 in @entity355 . METHODS: The records of 96 @entity1 (53 male and 43 female; mean age, 61 years) with a benign @entity418 and 62 @entity1 (47 male and 15 female; mean age, 62 years) with an @entity420 in @entity418 referred to the Rotterdam Esophageal Tumor Study Group, diagnosed over the same period (1978-1985), were reviewed. A frequency distribution of the length of @entity418 in both groups was made. Statistical analysis was performed with multivariate methods. RESULTS: The length of @entity418 was related significantly to @entity189 : a doubling of the length resulted in a 1.7 times increased risk. Smokers had a 2.3-fold increased risk as compared with nonsmokers. Male sex as a risk factor approached statistical significance (P = 0.06). Adjusted for these risk factors, no relation between @entity189 and age or @entity167 consumption was found. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of development of an @entity420 in @entity355 increased with the length of Barrett epithelium. Smoking and possibly male sex were also risk factors. The identification of these risk factors may help in developing more efficient screening programs for @entity1 with @entity355 .

title: Risk factors for the development of an XXXX in columnar-lined (Barrett) esophagus. The Rotterdam Esophageal Tumor Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['Barrett esophagus']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['columnar-lined esophagus']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['malignant degeneration']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: The coronary vascular effect of atrial natriuretic peptide is controversial: Coronary vasodilator as well as constrictor effects have been reported. The controversy may originate from interference of atrial natriuretic peptide with the renin-angiotensin system and/or tachyphylaxis of the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide. The effect of alpha- @entity1 atrial natriuretic peptide bolus application on changes of coronary flow was examined in the isolated, constant-pressure perfused @entity35 heart. Six groups were considered: (1) control group; groups in which the renin-angiotensin system was modulated by pretreatment with continuous infusion of: (2) @entity1808 , (3) the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor @entity3371 (4) the @entity1808 receptor blocker @entity11605 ; and groups in which tachyphylaxis was examined by pretreatment with ANP, (5) as continuous infusion and (6) as bolus application. First, in control hearts, dose-response curves were obtained for single ANP dosages of 1-100 nmol. The effect of high dosages (40 and 100 nmol) was biphasic, with an initial vasodilator and subsequent long-lasting vasoconstrictor component. Hearts in which coronary flow was reduced by approximately 18% through continuous @entity1808 infusion showed an enhanced early vasodilator response after ANP administration, whereas the vasoconstrictor effect was no longer observable. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and @entity1808 receptor blockade reduced the vasodilator effect of ANP. In addition, @entity11605 nearly abolished ANP-induced vasoconstriction, whereas vasoconstriction was unaltered by pretreatment with @entity3371 . @entity3371 or @entity11605 alone did not change coronary flow, heart rate and left ventricular developed pressure. In groups (5) and (6). ANP bolus application showed significantly reduced vasomotor activity. We conclude that in the isolated @entity35 heart. ANP has a biphasic effect with early vasodilation and late vasoconstriction. Both effects can be modulated by inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system at different levels indicating that vasomotor ANP effects result from interaction of ANP with the local renin-angiotensin system. ANP effects can be markedly reduced by tachyphylaxis.

title: Interrelation of coronary effects of atrial natriuretic peptide and the renin-angiotensin system in the isolated perfused XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity11605 :: ('MESH:D012504', 'Chemical') :: ['saralasin']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['Captopril', 'captopril']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIM: To assess the clinicopathologic features and its relationship with prognosis of @entity1725 ( @entity1725 ) in Chinese @entity1 . METHODS: The clinicopathologic features and follow-up data of 92 @entity1 with @entity1725 were reviewed and retrospectively analyzed. The cases were categorized into three groups: disseminated peritoneal adenomucinosis (DPAM), @entity298 ( @entity298 ), and @entity298 with intermediate or discordant features ( @entity298 -I/D). The log-rank test was used to analyze survival for each group and various clinicopathological parameters. Multivariate Cox proportional-hazard models were constructed to determine the important factors associated with survival. RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 51.9 years (range: 22-76 years). The median follow up was 124 mo. The 3-, 5- and 10-year survival rates were 74.0%, 67.4% and 49.1%, respectively. There were 49 (53.2%) @entity1 with DPAM, 26 (28.3%) with @entity298 -I and 17 (18.5%) with @entity298 . @entity1 with DPAM, @entity298 -I/D and @entity298 exhibited statistically significant difference in survival (P = 0.001). The 3 year survival for DPAM, PMCAI/D and @entity298 was 97.0%, 80.0% and 67.0%, respectively; the 5 year survival was 80.0%, 67.0% and 50.0%, respectively; and the 10 year survival was 65.0%, 28.0% and 14.0%, respectively. Survival rate was significantly lowest in @entity1 < 40 age years of age (P = 0.011). @entity5 and extra-ovarian parenchymal organ involvement were significantly related to overall survival. @entity1 with @entity3079 (MACA) showed the significantly poorer prognosis (P = 0.011). Multivariate analysis showed that pathological classification, age, @entity5 were significant related to overall survival. CONCLUSION: The clinical process " @entity1725 " should be pathologically classified into DPAM, @entity298 and @entity298 -I/D. Pathological classification, age, appendiceal MACA are survival independent predictors in Chinese @entity1 with @entity1725 .

title: @entity1725 of 92 Chinese XXXX : clinical characteristics, pathological classification and prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Appendiceal tumor', 'appendiceal tumor']

entities_list: @entity1725 :: ('MESH:D011553', 'Disease') :: ['PMP', 'pseudomyxoma peritonei']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['PMCA', 'peritoneal mucinous carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Volatile anesthetics exert a protective role in @entity741 . An increase in sympathetic tone might exert deleterious effects on the @entity63 myocardium. The use of the volatile anesthetic @entity10233 in @entity741 is controversial because of its sympathetic activation. We compared @entity1875 and @entity10233 on @entity1562 in chronically instrumented @entity235 . Mongrel @entity235 (n = 8) were chronically instrumented for measurement of heart rate, left atrial, aortic, and left ventricular pressure, rate of rise of left ventricular pressure, and myocardial @entity1565 ( @entity1565 ). An occluder around the @entity6128 ( @entity6128 ) allowed the induction of reversible @entity6128 - @entity63 . Two experiments were performed in a cross-over fashion on separate days: 1) Induction of 10 min of @entity6128 - @entity63 during @entity10233 anesthesia and 2) Induction of 10 min of @entity6128 - @entity63 during @entity1875 anesthesia. Both anesthetics were discontinued immediately after completion of @entity63 . @entity1565 was measured at predetermined time points until complete recovery from @entity2806 occurred. Both anesthetics caused a significant decrease of @entity1565 in the @entity6128 -perfused myocardium. @entity6128 - @entity63 led to a further significant decrease of @entity6128 - @entity1565 in both groups. During the first 3 h of reperfusion, @entity1565 was significantly larger in the @entity10233 group. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were greater during @entity63 and the first 10 min of reperfusion in the @entity10233 group compared with the @entity1875 group. Recovery from @entity1562 in @entity235 was faster when @entity10233 was used at the time of @entity63 as compared with @entity1875 anesthesia. The mechanism for this difference is unclear, but sympathetic activation by @entity10233 was not a limiting factor for @entity63 tolerance in chronically instrumented @entity235 .

title: Recovery from XXXX is faster with @entity10233 compared with @entity1875 in chronically instrumented @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1565 :: ('MESH:D056151', 'Disease') :: ['wall-thickening fraction', 'WTF']

entities_list: @entity6128 :: ('MESH:D020243', 'Disease') :: ['left anterior descending artery', 'LAD']

entities_list: @entity10233 :: ('MESH:C053562', 'Chemical') :: ['desflurane']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial stunning']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity1562 :: (MESH:D017682,Disease) :: ['myocardial stunning']


abstract: To quantify variation in clinical phenotype of severe @entity447 we performed a single centre cohort study among 171 severe @entity447 @entity1 . Age at first @entity548 , treatment requirement (i.e. annual clotting factor use), @entity548 frequency and @entity2720 were documented. Because treatment strategies intensified during follow-up, @entity1 were stratified in two age groups: @entity1 born 1968-1985 (n = 91), or 1985-2002 (n = 80). A total of 2166 @entity1 -years of follow-up were available (median 12.0 years per @entity1 ). Age at first @entity548 ranged from 0.2 to 5.8 years. @entity1 who had their first @entity548 later needed less treatment and developed less @entity2720 . In @entity1 born 1968-1985 during both on-demand and prophylactic treatment, the 75th percentile of @entity548 frequency was consistently four times as high as the 25th percentile. In both age groups variation in annual clotting factor use between 25th and 75th percentiles was 1.4-1.5 times for prophylaxis and 3.8 times for on-demand treatment. To conclude, the onset of @entity548 is inversely related with treatment requirement and @entity2720 and may serve as an indicator of clinical phenotype. Thus, providing a starting point for aetiological research and individualization of treatment.

title: Variability in clinical phenotype of severe @entity447 : the role of the first XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['annual joint bleed', 'annual bleeding', 'joint bleed', 'joint bleeding']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['joint bleed']


abstract: Although intrinsic @entity5 of the brain seldom metastasize to distant sites, their diffuse, infiltrative-invasive growth within the brain generally precludes successful surgical and adjuvant therapy. Hence, attention has now focused on novel therapeutic approaches to combat @entity1313 that include the use of anti-invasive and anti-proliferative agents. The effect of four anti-invasive agents, @entity11661 (a locoweed alkaloid), @entity3371 (an anti- @entity101 drug), @entity44425 and @entity44426 (both citrus @entity3088 ), were investigated on various parameters of @entity1313 invasion such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion, migration, invasion and adhesion. A standard cytotoxicity assay was used to optimize working concentrations of the drugs on seven @entity1 @entity1313 -derived cell lines of various histological type and grade of @entity5 . A qualitative assessment by gelatin zymography revealed that the effect of these agents varied between the seven cell lines such that the low grade @entity816 was unaffected by three of the agents. In contrast, downregulation of the two gelatinases, @entity1476 and @entity1495 was seen in the grade 3 @entity816 irrespective of which agent was used. Generally, @entity11661 was the least effective whereas the citrus @entity3088 , particularly @entity44426 , showed the greatest downregulation of secretion of the MMPs. Furthermore, @entity3371 and @entity44426 were most efficient at inhibiting invasion, migration and adhesion in four representative cell lines (an @entity424 , a grade II @entity816 , an @entity816 and a @entity463 multiforme). Yet again, the effects of the four agents varied between the four cell lines. @entity44426 was, nevertheless, the most effective agent used in these assays. In conclusion, the differential effects seen on the various parameters studied by these putative anti-invasive agents may be the result of interference with MMPs and other mechanisms underlying the invasive phenotype. From these pilot studies, it is possible that these agents, especially the citrus @entity3088 , could be of future therapeutic value. However, further work is needed to validate this in a larger study.

title: Evaluation of the effects of XXXX , @entity3371 , @entity44425 and @entity44426 on the biological behaviour of @entity1313 cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity44426 :: ('MESH:C008661', 'Chemical') :: ['nobiletin', 'Nobiletin']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumour', 'brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity44425 :: ('MESH:C059006', 'Chemical') :: ['tangeretin']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['oligoastrocytoma', 'pilocytic astrocytoma', 'anaplastic astrocytoma', 'astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity11661 :: ('MESH:D017026', 'Chemical') :: ['swainsonine']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity11661 :: (MESH:D017026,Chemical) :: ['swainsonine']


abstract: To evaluate the relationship between aging and electrocardiographic abnormalities and @entity943 , conventional surface 12 leads ECG findings were analyzed. The study group consisted of a total of 3,174 cases (1,778 @entity1 and 1,396 @entity1 , 17-87 years) without apparent organic @entity299 . The proportion of normal ECG progressively decreased with advancing age; it reached to the minimum of 20.0% in male and 22.7% in female after the age of 75. Frequency of supraventricular and ventricular premature complexes increased with advancing age as well as @entity955 , left and @entity714 and @entity1347 . Sinus @entity1168 (less than 50/min) and the @entity3153 did not follow this general trend but the former increased with advancing age after 55. Second and third-degree @entity713 were very rare in this study population. @entity714 with @entity1347 was not observed before age of 35, which may be regarded as a possible consequence of advanced age. Supraventricular and ventricular premature beats, and @entity955 were more frequent in @entity1 than in @entity1 , but only in the older age stratum. @entity1757 were generally more common in @entity1 than in @entity1 . However, @entity714 was more frequently observed in female than in male in the older age stratum. The prolongation of QTc by oral IA antiarrhythmic drugs was observed after the age of 65. Thus, it was confirmed that aging might be important factor in abnormal findings and appearance of @entity943 in conventional surface 12 lead ECGs.

title: [Electrocardiographic changes and XXXX in the elderly].

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block', 'left bundle branch block', 'Right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['AV blocks']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['left anterior hemiblock']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['Intraventricular conduction disorders']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['WPW syndrome']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: We determine how @entity341 ( @entity341 ) registered nurses (RNs) allocate their time between various tasks and describe how RN task distribution changes as a function of various measures of @entity341 @entity1 volume and @entity1 acuity. METHODS: This is a 3-year direct observational study using a convenience sample of 63 8-hour nurse shifts. Four RN task categories were defined: (1) direct @entity1 care, (2) indirect @entity1 care, (3) non-RN care, and (4) personal time. Two measures of nurse workload were used, the @entity1 -to-nurse ratio and the @entity341 acuity index ( @entity341 acuity index=(Sigma reverse order triage scores/half hour)/total number of nurses staffing). Trained observers classified RN activity at 1-minute intervals during 8-hour shifts daily for 7 nonconsecutive 24-hour periods. RN staffing data, @entity341 @entity1 census, and @entity1 triage scores were collected every half hour. Summary statistics, correlation tables, and regression analysis were used to establish relationships between RN task allocation, @entity1 per nurse, and the @entity341 acuity index. RESULTS: For the 63 nursing shifts studied, on average RNs spent 25.6% of their time performing direct @entity1 care, 48.4% on indirect @entity1 care, 6.8% on non-RN care, and 19.1% on personal time. Regardless of the number of @entity1 per RN, approximately twice as much time is spent on indirect @entity1 care as direct @entity1 care. The correlation between the @entity341 acuity index and the @entity1 -to-nurse ratio was 0.98. CONCLUSION: Regardless of workload, RNs spend the majority of their time performing indirect @entity1 care. RNs spend little time performing tasks that could be performed by ancillary staff. The @entity1 -to-nurse ratio performs just as well as a more complicated acuity index to measure the workload of RNs within an @entity341 .

title: Impact of XXXX volume on registered nurse time at the bedside.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The maximum closure pressure (MCP) of the urethra, measured by the urethral profile, constitutes an index of urinary continence. The objective of this study, in a large population of @entity1 , was to evaluate the possible variations of MCP and functional length (FL) of the urethra, according to the position of a urodynamic probe designed to perform lateral sectorial measurements. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Measurements were performed between July and December 1998, in 230 @entity1 with a mean age of 55 years, using a probe perfused with water and equipped with an urethral side orifice. We compared, by analysis of variance for repeated measures, MCP and mean FL at 0 o'clock (MCPm0, LFm0), 3 o'clock (MCPm3, LFm3), 6 o'clock (MCPm6, LFm6) and 9 o'clock (MCPm9, LFm9). RESULTS: The values for MCPm and LFm obtained according to the rotation of the probe were as follows: MCPm0 = 65.68 +/- 12.46 @entity47698 , MPCm3 = 55.44 +/- 16.97 @entity47698 , MCPm6 = 58.07 +/- 15.85 @entity47698 , and MCPm9 = 53.85 +/- 16.89 @entity47698 , LFm0 = 28.92 +/- 5.32 mm, LFm3 = 30.18 +/- 6.82 mm, LFm6 = 32.40 +/- 6.82 mm and LFm9 = 30.83 +/- 6.07 mm. CONCLUSION: LCP may variable considerably in the same subject according to rotation of the probe. In our series, MCPm at 0 o'clock was significantly higher than MCPm at 3 o'clock, 6 o'clock and 9 o'clock. This difference appears to increase with age. The lowest values for MCPm were observed at 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock. The MCPm at 6 o'clock was intermediate and the closest value to the mean pressure calculated from MCPm in the four positions. On the other hand, FL varied only slightly according to the position of the probe.

title: [Comparative study of 230 XXXX to determine the maximum closure pressure and functional length of the urethra at 0, 3, 6 and 9 o'clock].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: About 20% to 40% of @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) will develop brain metastases during the natural course of their disease. The prognosis for such @entity1 is very poor with limited survival. In addition to the standard whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), some studies have shown that chemotherapy drugs and/or @entity470 - @entity669 kinase inhibitors ( @entity470 ) can improve the outcome of these @entity1 . Here, we report a stage IIIA @entity1 who developed multiple brain metastases one year after operation. Oral @entity4562 with concurrent WBRT were given as first-line therapy. Complete response and a 50-month progression-free survival (PFS) were obtained. Double dosage of @entity4562 (500 mg per day) together with pemetrexed were given as the second-line therapy after the @entity1 developed new @entity75 and leptomeningeal metastasis during the maintenance therapy of @entity4562 . The PFS for the second-line therapy was six months. In total, the @entity1 obtained an overall survival of 59 months since the first diagnosis of brain metastases. Mutational analysis showed a 15-nucleotide deletion and a missense mutation in exon 19 of the @entity470 gene, and a missense mutation at codon 12 of the @entity984 gene. These underlying genetic changes might partially explain the long-term survival of this @entity1 after brain metastases when treated with concurrent or sequential therapies of @entity470 , radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

title: Activity of pemetrexed and high-dose XXXX in an @entity470 -mutated lung adenocarcinoma with @entity75 after response to @entity4562 .

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR-TKI', 'EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity4562 :: (MESH:C419708,Chemical) :: ['gefitinib']


abstract: A laboratory scale semi-batch fed anaerobic @entity3265 oxidation (ANAMMOX) reactor was operated in the lab under two different feeding operations. In the first scenario, termed as phase I, the reactor was seeded and operated with @entity6836 -N added externally with the filtrate to the reactor in the ratio needed for the successful ANAMMOX. A second reactor was also initiated shortly after the start-up of the ANAMMOX to accomplish partial nitrification (nitritation reactor) to generate @entity6836 -N. In phase II, the operation of the ANAMMOX reactor was switched to the mode in which case the partially nitrified effluent from the nitritation reactor was fed to the ANAMMOX reactor. In both phases, real filtrate from a local wastewater treatment plant was used as the feed. The ANAMMOX reactor sustained a loading rate (average 0.33    0.03 with a max of 0.4 g N   (L day)(-1) ) which is comparable with many other fed-batch reactors in the literature. Consistent total N removal (average of 82    4%) could be sustained in the ANAMMOX reactor during both phases. The nitritation reactor also consistently enabled a @entity6836 -N to @entity3655 -N ratio of 1.2:1 which was needed for the successful operation of the ANAMMOX reactor in phase II. Sequence analysis and FISH showed that Kuenenia stuttgartiensis dominated the enriched ANAMMOX community along with several unidentified, but seemingly enriched, potential ANAMMOX strains. Microbial ecology analysis for nitritation reactor showed the dominance of @entity31614 . In summary, this manuscript provides important information on the start-up and operation of anammox reactor with detailed investigation on microbial ecology in this reactor.

title: Anaerobic XXXX oxidation (ANAMMOX) for side-stream treatment of anaerobic digester filtrate process performance and microbiology.

entities_list: @entity31614 :: ('915', 'Species') :: ['Nitrosomonas europaea']

answer: @entity3265 :: (MESH:D000641,Chemical) :: ['ammonia']