abstract: @entity11123 ( @entity11123 ) and @entity11126 ( @entity11126 ) are two well known overgrowth conditions that are associated with @entity5 predisposition. Multiple surveillance protocols have been proposed to detect the most commonly reported @entity5 types @entity3969 and @entity4177 . We reviewed the history of our @entity1 who were part of this monitoring protocol. Information from 63 cases was collected retrospectively while another 63 control samples for @entity160 measurement were obtained prospectively. Twenty-five (40%) @entity1 had an ultrasound abnormality, the most frequent being nephromegaly/size discrepancy. Two @entity1 had well documented cases of @entity5 / @entity5 precursor (2/63:3.2%) detected by ultrasound images. Three hundred thirty-six separate @entity160 values were available with values above 50,000 ng/ml seen in three @entity1 older than 2 months, one with @entity4177 and two other with @entity2695 / @entity8146 . There was no clear difference in the range of @entity160 values between previously reported controls, our own normal population and affected @entity1 . In conclusion, ultrasound surveillance detected renal and liver pathology including benign and malignant lesions. The known variability of @entity160 in normal neonates and @entity1 with @entity11123 makes interpretation difficult in early infancy. Very high @entity160 values did seem to be correlated with risk for identifiable @entity409 . Determination of the natural changes in @entity160 levels over time will allow more appropriate comparison.

title: Experience with XXXX and @entity11123 surveillance protocol.

entities_list: @entity11126 :: ('MESH:C565524', 'Disease') :: ['isolated hemihyperplasia', 'IHH']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity11123 :: ('MESH:D001506', 'Disease') :: ['BWS', 'Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['Wilms tumor']

entities_list: @entity8146 :: ('MESH:D006390', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioendotheliomas']

entities_list: @entity4177 :: ('MESH:D018197', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoblastoma']

answer: @entity11126 :: (MESH:C565524,Disease) :: ['hemihyperplasia']


abstract: AIMS: To determine the current bacteriology of @entity3389 in @entity1448 ( @entity1448 ), the in vitro response to different antibiotics and clinical effectiveness of the antibiotics used to relieve babies from @entity3389 . METHODS: A clinical study evaluated the effectiveness of local antibiotic agents clinically and in vitro. 50 samples were obtained from the lacrimal sac in 47 young @entity1 with @entity1448 . The @entity1 ' mean age was 21.45 +/- 17.09 months. The cultures were incubated and the infectious agents isolated. Sensitivity testing was performed in each case, testing 10 different local antibiotics. A control group of 10 babies expected for @entity231 surgery was constituted. RESULTS: Cultures were positive for bacteria from 72.64% of the samples. 73 isolates were recovered from the 50 samples. The bacterial species most frequently cultured was @entity328 , representing 35.4% of the isolates, followed by @entity6728 influencae (19.6%). The sensitivity testing revealed @entity800 and @entity803 to be the most effective drugs as monotherapy. Clinically the combination of @entity3637 and @entity5154 , primarily used in half of the @entity1 as initial therapy, was successful in curing the @entity4578 in 82.5% of all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity4578 due to @entity1448 is associated with an equal proportion of Gram positive and negative bacteria, which can be treated with a high effectiveness by a combination drug of @entity3637 and @entity5154 .

title: Bacteriology and antibiotic therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity3637 :: ('MESH:D001414', 'Chemical') :: ['bacitracin']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['CNDO', 'congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction']

entities_list: @entity6728 :: ('MESH:D006192', 'Disease') :: ['Haemophilus']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['ofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity3389 :: ('MESH:D019522', 'Disease') :: ['mucopurulent discharge']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity4578 :: ('MESH:D003607', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic dacryocystitis', 'dacryocystitis']

answer: @entity1448 :: (MESH:D002779,Disease) :: ['congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Levamisole (LMS) has immunomodulatory activity, stimulates the immune system of healthy, normal volunteers and has been proposed previously as a @entity694 preventive agent. METHODS: @entity1 with a history of @entity1586 who are at increased risk of @entity694 received LMS in a placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trail with crossover design. Primary endpoints were immunologic and included flow cytometry of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), measurement of @entity379 copy number (IGCN) in PBMCs, and an ex vivo serum immune assay. RESULTS: No differences were seen in the expression of multiple antigens by flow cytometry pre- and post-LMS. The IGCN partitioned subjects into two distinct groups defined by a gamma-distribution which had a differential response to LMS. Those with low basal IGCN had a lower percentage of @entity7211 expressing PBMCs and responded to low dose LMS by producing more PBMC-derived @entity379 and increasing the expression of @entity7211 and two NK cell markers, @entity4071 and @entity2940 . In contrast, subjects with a high basal IGCN responded to low dose LMS with a reduction in PBMC-derived @entity379 and a decrease in the expression of @entity7211 . CONCLUSIONS: In aggregate, these responses suggest that LMS may act as an immunostimulatory agent for one group, those with low basal IGCN, and as an immunosuppressive agent for the other. LMS may not be an optimal agent for most @entity1 with @entity1586 and should be avoided in @entity1 with normal immune function. IGCN may be useful as an immunologic surrogate endpoint biomarker in future @entity5 prevention trials with immunomodulatory agents.

title: Immunomodulation with low dose levamisole in XXXX with @entity1586 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic polyps']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A @entity28011 with a long history of recurrences and @entity3 is reported. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The lesion is documented on histological ground and with immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. RESULTS: The @entity1 is a 42 year old @entity1 which presented with a 5 cm axillary mass and enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. The former lesion has been interpreted as a @entity3 of @entity1823 . The @entity1 underwent surgery because of a @entity28011 at the age of 19 and showed locoregional @entity3 and a recurrence over a period of 23 years. Twenty-seven years from removal of the primitive @entity5 , the @entity1 is alive and well. All the @entity5 showed identical histological features as they were composed of @entity5 elements arranged in nests surrounded by dendritic cells. Neoplastic cells immunoreacted with anti-chromogranin antiserum whereas sustentacolar cells were positive with S-100 antiserum. DISCUSSION: The differential diagnosis between a multicentric @entity1823 a @entity3 has been particularly taken into consideration. In addition, axillary @entity5 was distinguished from a metastatic @entity1358 and @entity320 . The literature regarding @entity28011 has been also revised.

title: [ XXXX of the posterior mediastinum with 27 years follow-up].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity28011 :: ('MESH:C537565', 'Disease') :: ['costovertebral paraganglioma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paraganglioma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Malignant paraganglioma']


abstract: @entity3335 uses @entity273 ( @entity274 ) to generate @entity9784 ( @entity9785 ), a potent cytotoxic oxidant. We demonstrate that @entity9785 regulates the activity of @entity1917 ( @entity1917 , matrilysin) in vitro, suggesting that this oxidant activates MMPs in the artery wall. Indeed, both @entity56260 were colocalized to lipid-laden macrophages in @entity1 @entity731 . A highly conserved domain called the @entity462 switch has been proposed to regulate MMP activity. When we exposed a synthetic peptide that mimicked the @entity462 switch to @entity9785 , HPLC analysis showed that the @entity1432 residue reacted rapidly, generating a near-quantitative yield of products. Tandem mass spectrometric analysis identified the products as @entity47752 , @entity26618 , and a dimer containing a @entity1520 bridge. In contrast, the peptide reacted slowly with @entity274 , and the only product was the @entity1520 . Moreover, @entity9785 markedly activated pro- @entity1917 , an MMP expressed at high levels in lipid-laden macrophages in vivo. Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of trypsin digests revealed that the @entity1432 residue of the enzyme's @entity462 switch domain had been converted to @entity47752 . @entity1432 oxidation was associated with autolytic cleavage of pro- @entity1917 , strongly suggesting that oxygenation activates the latent enzyme. In contrast, @entity274 failed to oxidize the @entity1432 residue of the protein or activate the enzyme. Thus, @entity9785 activates pro- @entity1917 by converting the @entity1432 residue of the @entity462 switch to @entity47752 . This activation mechanism is distinct from the well-studied proteolytic cleavage of MMP pro-enzymes. Our observations raise the possibility that @entity9785 generated by @entity3335 contributes to MMP activation, and therefore to plaque rupture, in the artery wall. @entity9785 and other oxidants might regulate MMP activity by the same mechanism in a variety of inflammatory conditions.

title: @entity9784 oxygenates the @entity462 switch domain of pro-matrilysin ( XXXX ). A mechanism for matrix metalloproteinase activation and @entity731 by @entity3335 .

entities_list: @entity9784 :: ('MESH:D006997', 'Chemical') :: ['hypochlorous acid']

entities_list: @entity47752 :: ('CHEBI:29213', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfinic acid']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['myeloperoxidase', 'Myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity1917 :: ('4316', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-7', 'MMP-7']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity26618 :: ('CHEBI:29214', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonic acid']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1432 :: ('CHEBI:29256', 'Chemical') :: ['Thiol', 'thiol']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

answer: @entity1917 :: (4316,Gene) :: ['MMP-7']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1575 is chronic @entity409 usually caused by @entity167 , viruses or other toxins and is characterised by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen. The aim of this study was to establish an animal model of chronic @entity409 and investigate molecular mechanisms of @entity9601 hepatoprotective effects. RESULTS: @entity7008 ( @entity2796 ; 100 mg kg(-1) intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection three times weekly) effectively induced @entity1575 in male ICR @entity19 . Then 24 ICR @entity19 were randomly divided into four groups: (1) saline (i.p.) + water (gavage); (2) saline (i.p.) + 150 mg kg(-1) @entity9601 (gavage); (3) 100 mg kg(-1) @entity2796 (i.p.) + water (gavage); (4) 100 mg kg(-1) @entity2796 (i.p.) + 150 mg kg(-1) @entity9601 (gavage). Eight weeks of @entity2796 treatment resulted in lower body weight, serum @entity165 and @entity1674 as well as increased liver size, @entity5682 , @entity22424 and LDH values (P < 0.05). These @entity2796 -induced effects were attenuated by @entity9601 (P < 0.05); therefore @entity9601 also ameliorated @entity2796 -induced @entity409 . Effects of @entity9601 on @entity2796 -induced chronic @entity409 may be attributed to down-regulation of hepatic @entity5780 , @entity5782 , @entity5779 , @entity5783 , @entity9829 , @entity56080 , @entity641 , @entity3113 and COL-a1. CONCLUSION: A @entity19 model of @entity1575 was successfully established by injecting 100 mg kg(-1) @entity2796 three times weekly in male ICR @entity19 . Meanwhile, @entity9601 showed hepatoprotection against @entity2796 -induced damage.

title: Hepatoprotection of @entity9601 against @entity7008 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7008 :: ('MESH:D013853', 'Chemical') :: ['Thioacetamide']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions', 'liver damage']

entities_list: @entity9601 :: ('MESH:D012838', 'Chemical') :: ['silymarin']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['Liver fibrosis', 'chronic liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['chronic liver fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Outcome evaluations can be useful for reassuring @entity1 that their time and effort are well spent on treatment and for providing staff with confidence in their treatment provision. Outcome evaluations were carried out in 1997 and 1999 to assess two initiatives for the treatment of @entity1 within the Regina Health District (RHD), Saskatchewan, Canada-the @entity1118 Team Evaluation and Management (CP TEAM) Service and the @entity131 ( @entity131 ) Program. STUDY 1: The CP Team Service was an individualized interdisciplinary treatment program intended to serve @entity1 with @entity1118 . Of 47 eligible @entity1118 @entity1 , 36 @entity1 completed treatment within 15 months, and 27 completed follow-up questionnaires on discharge; the comparison group was composed of the remaining 11 nontreated @entity1 , 8 of whom responded to follow-up questionnaires. Only @entity1 in the treatment group reported a decrease in @entity158 and a decrease in interference in activities. Overall, satisfaction with treatment received was high. STUDY 2: The @entity131 Program was intended to aid employees with @entity85 who could not perform regular job duties. Following injury, employees were contacted by an occupational health nurse and informed of the program. If the employee was interested, the @entity131 coordinator carried out an assessment and designed an individualized treatment package, including physical therapy, exercise therapy, and/or occupational therapy. Treatment was expected to continue until the employee returned to normal duties. Of 72 eligible employees, 43 employees participated and 29 opted not to participate-15 of whom agreed to participate as control @entity1 for this study. Of the employees receiving @entity131 , 20 agreed to participate in this study. Of the employees not participating in @entity131 , 15 agreed to participate as control @entity1 . Although @entity158 and interference were greater among @entity131 @entity1 before commencing treatment, by the end of treatment @entity1 had improved more in level of @entity158 severity and interference compared with controls. All @entity1 reported improved job function over time. @entity131 @entity1 , however, reported lower job function before treatment than control @entity1 and similar job function after treatment- and indicated they were highly satisfied with the service they received. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS: Evaluations are not only used to assess program outcomes but are an important aspect of program validation and development. Data collection was incorporated, as much as possible, into routine treatment protocols and staff focused on obtaining essential information regarding @entity1 outcomes rather than the whole scope of information.

title: Using outcome evaluations to assess interdisciplinary acute and XXXX programs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['AIM', 'Acute Injury Management']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['acute musculoskeletal injuries']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain', 'Chronic Pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the profile and pattern of referral to subspecialty clinics of young @entity1 with suspected @entity245 together with the factors prompting their referral. All @entity1 under 5 years of age referred to either developmental pediatrics or pediatric neurology clinics at a single tertiary hospital over an 18-month period were prospectively identified. Standardized demographic and referral information were collected at intake, final @entity245 subtype diagnosed was identified, and referring physicians were surveyed regarding factors prompting referral. A total of 224 @entity1 met study criteria. There was a marked male preponderance (166/224), especially among those with either @entity73 . Two delay subtypes, @entity245 and @entity10791 , accounted for two thirds of the diagnoses made. For slightly more than one third of the @entity1 (75/224), the delay subtype diagnosed following specialty evaluation was different from that initially suspected by the referring physician. A mean delay of 15.5 months was observed for the cohort as a whole between initial parental concern and specialty assessment. For referring physicians, the major factor prompting referral was the severity of the observed delay. The most important aspects of the specialty evaluation according to referral sources were the identification of a possible etiology and confirmation of delay. A profile of referrals and the rationale thereof for a cohort of @entity1 with suspected @entity245 is presented that, although locale specific, has implications for service provision and training.

title: Profile of referrals for early childhood XXXX to ambulatory subspecialty clinics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive or language delay']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay', 'global developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity10791 :: ('MESH:D007805', 'Disease') :: ['developmental language disorder']

answer: @entity245 :: (MESH:D002658,Disease) :: ['developmental delay']


abstract: CONTEXT: It is believed that about 25% of menopausal @entity1 in the USA will exhibit some kind of @entity174 as a consequence of @entity170 . @entity174 of the proximal femur are associated with a greater number of @entity204 and disabilities and higher medical expenses than all the other @entity3604 together. OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical and epidemiological features of @entity1 with proximal femur @entity174 in hospitals in S  o Paulo. DESIGN: Transversal and retrospective study. LOCAL: Hospital S  o Paulo and Hospital Servidor P  blico Estadual "Francisco Morato Oliveira". @entity1 : @entity1 aged sixty-five years or more hospitalized because of proximal femur @entity174 , from March to November 1996 (N = 73). This group was compared to @entity1 of the same age without @entity174 of the proximal femur. INTERVENTION: Evaluation of weight, height, body mass index; lifestyle habits (physical activity at home, ingestion of dairy @entity460 , drinking of coffee, smoking habit), gynecological history (ages at menarche and menopause, number of pregnancies and lactations), previous morbidity, use of medications, history of previous @entity174 , family history of @entity170 . MEASUREMENT: The comparison of the different data regarding lifestyle habits between the two groups was made using the chi-squared test. Other data were analyzed using the Mann--Whitney test. P pound 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: We noted a predominance of proximal femur @entity174 among females in relation to males (a female/male ratio of 3.3:1) with a progressive increase in the frequency of proximal femur @entity174 with age in both sexes. The group with proximal femur @entity174 , in comparison with the control group, showed a lower body mass index, less physical activity, and a greater number of pregnancies and lactations. Other data were not different. CONCLUSION: In accordance with the literature, we found a predomination of proximal femur @entity174 in @entity1 in relation to @entity1 , and a favorable effect of higher body mass index and physical activity for decreasing the frequency of proximal femur @entity174 . We also discuss the role of pregnancies and lactation on the frequency of proximal femur @entity174 .

title: XXXX of proximal femur: clinical and epidemiological features in a population of the city of S  o Paulo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['Osteoporotic fractures']


abstract: Smad signaling pathway plays an important role in tumorigenesis and progression in @entity5 (Halder, S.K., Rachakonda, G., Deane, N.G., Datta, P.K., 2008. @entity8110 induces hepatic @entity3 in @entity14 . Br. J. Cancer 99, 957-965). The protein level of Smad is associated with growth, inhibition, and @entity3 in different @entity5 . It is unclear if the differentiation, @entity3 and apoptosis are reduced by Smad expression pattern in @entity356 . To determine the effect of Smad on @entity356 cells, we investigated the relationship of @entity1594 / @entity8110 expression, and differentiation, @entity3 , and apoptosis in different @entity356 . The results show that @entity1594 expression in the @entity356 tissue was dramatically lower than that in the peritumoral tissue. A lower expression of @entity56428 was significantly lower in the poorly differentiated tissue than that in the well and middle differentiated tissues (P<0.01). In contrast, @entity8110 expression in @entity356 tissues was significantly higher than that in the peritumoral tissue. @entity8110 was overexpressed in poorly differentiated tissue, also higher than those in the middle, and well differentiated tissues (P<0.05). The @entity1594 or @entity8110 expression obviously related with the lymphatic @entity3 in @entity356 . There were 45 cases with lymphatic @entity3 in all 78 @entity1 . @entity1594 expression in the cases with lymphatic @entity3 was lower than the cases without @entity3 (P<0.01), whereas @entity8110 expression in the cases with lymphatic @entity3 was much higher than the case without @entity3 (P<0.01). To better understand the mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis of @entity356 , we established SGC7901 @entity356 cell lines transduced with @entity1594 or @entity8110 plasmid DNA. Apoptosis and survival of @entity5 cells was induced after @entity1594 and @entity8110 transduction. This effect is concentration and time dependent. Thus, this study provides a mechanism by which a balance between @entity1594 and @entity8110 in @entity1 @entity356 is critical for differentiation, @entity3 , and apoptosis of @entity5 cells.

title: @entity1594 / XXXX balance: a role of tumorigenesis in @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity8110 :: (4092,Gene) :: ['Smad7']


abstract: Moyamoya is a @entity395 characterized by @entity82 of the internal carotid and proximal cerebral arteries, which has been described mainly in young Japanese. We present a case of @entity7025 with renal artery involvement in a young male @entity1 with an African origin. A 15-year-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital due to uncontrolled blood pressure, @entity10 , @entity2147 , @entity73 and @entity1188 in the computed tomography. Cerebral arteriography showed the absence of the normal vascular anatomy at the level of the circle of Willis. The intracranial vessels presented severe @entity850 or were occluded and replaced by an extensive network of ectasic collateral vessels. Abdominal ultrasound examination identified asymmetric kidneys, and renal arteriography showed a tight @entity850 of the ostium and proximal segment of right main artery, which was only partially relieved by balloon angioplasty. A saphenous bypass from aorta to the right renal artery re-established the renal blood flow. Blood pressure dropped after surgery and was controlled with low doses of diuretic and beta-blocker. After arteriography he presented @entity1158 , with partial recovering in the following months. In conclusion, we described the first case of @entity7025 with @entity455 in a young adult of African origin, an association that may be more frequent than usually suspected in clinical practice.

title: XXXX associated with @entity455 in a young African-Brazilian @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['right hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['concomitant renovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficit']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lacunar infarcts']

entities_list: @entity7025 :: ('MESH:D009072', 'Disease') :: ['Moyamoya disease']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity7025 :: (MESH:D009072,Disease) :: ['Moyamoya disease']


abstract: The epidemiological and clinical features of @entity3969 ( @entity3969 ) were analyzed in 176 @entity1 admitted to the Brazilian @entity3969 Study Group. The occurrence of @entity154 (9.1%) and the M:F ratio (0.83) were comparable to those observed by the US National @entity3969 Study and the International Society of Pediatric Oncology trials. Bilateral cases were younger on average than unilateral cases (37.2 vs. 45.0 months). Ethnic group and gender were also associated with age, with non-white @entity1 being generally older (46.1 months) than whites (39.5 months), and @entity1 being younger than @entity1 (37.0 vs. 46.1 months). However, the most important factor in association with age at diagnosis was disease stage. No @entity66 @entity1 were diagnosed after 8 years of age (mean: 37.5 months), whereas 10% of those with advanced disease were diagnosed between the ages of 8 and 10 years (mean: 56.3 months). There were no clear distinctions in age distributions on the basis of the presence of @entity5 multicentricity, intra- or perilobar @entity10230 , and of a combination of putative genetic determinants. The mean age at diagnosis for cases with @entity154 was higher than that for the remaining @entity1 . Some of the study results are in support of the recessive oncogene model for @entity3969 . However, the possible confounding effect of disease stage and the strong interdependence of the remaining factors may be masking important relations in regard to mutational events occurring during embryogenesis.

title: Epidemiological and clinical correlations with genetic characteristics of XXXX : results of the Brazilian @entity3969 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defects', 'congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity10230 :: ('MESH:C536399', 'Disease') :: ['nephroblastomatosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early disease']

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms' tumor']


abstract: 1. SH-SY5Y @entity1 @entity521 cells were investigated with whole-cell and perforated patch recording methods. 2. Besides a quickly activating delayed rectifier channel and a @entity9678 -like channel, a slowly activating @entity972 channel with biophysical properties identical to those of @entity35 eag ( @entity54251 ) channels was detected, here referred to as @entity36903 . 3. @entity36903 shows a marked Cole-Moore shift, i.e. the activation kinetics become very slow when the depolarization starts from a very negative holding potential. In addition, extracellular @entity1025 and @entity3411 strongly slow down activation. 4. Application of @entity934 induces a fast block of the current when recorded in the perforated patch mode. This block is presumably mediated by @entity141 , as about 1 microM intracellular @entity141 completely abolished @entity36903 outward current. 5. When cells were grown in the presence of 10 microM @entity1968 in order to synchronize the cell line in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, @entity36903 current was reduced to less than 5 % of the control value, while the delayed rectifier channel was expressed more abundantly. Down-regulation of @entity36903 by long-term exposure to @entity1968 was paralleled by a right shift in the activation potential of @entity9678 -like channels. 6. Acute application of 10 microM @entity1968 blocked the delayed rectifier channel but enhanced the @entity36903 current. 7. Thus, our results show that @entity1 @entity521 cells express in a cell cycle-dependent manner an [Mg2+]o-dependent @entity972 channel ( @entity36903 ) which is blocked by submicromolar concentrations of intracellular @entity141 .

title: Characterization of an eag-like @entity972 channel in XXXX @entity521 cells.

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6051 mofetil ( @entity2098 ) frequently is used as an alternative to intravenous @entity786 to treat @entity1988 . Whether @entity2098 is adequate for @entity1 with severely decreased kidney function at the time of treatment is uncertain. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a post hoc subgroup analysis of @entity1 with low estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) from a large trial of @entity2098 compared to @entity786 in @entity1988 . SETTINGS _ @entity1 : We included all @entity1 with an @entity470 <30 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) from the @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). INTERVENTION: @entity2098 (target, 3 g/d) compared to monthly intravenous @entity786 (0.5-1 g/m(2)). OUTCOMES: We compared the proportion of @entity1 that responded to therapy and change in @entity470 over 24 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: Response was evaluated by a decrease in @entity644 and stabilization or improvement of serum @entity1011 level. RESULTS: Of 370 @entity1 in @entity1252 , 32 were included in the subgroup analysis: 20 randomly assigned to @entity2098 and 12 randomly assigned to @entity786 treatment. The @entity1 included were similar at baseline between groups. Four (20.0%) @entity1 treated with @entity2098 responded compared with 2 (16.7%) @entity1 treated with @entity786 (risk ratio, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.3-5.1; P = 0.9). @entity470 in the @entity2098 group improved more quickly than in the @entity786 group, by 1.51 (95% CI, 0.99-2.02) mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) each week (P < 0.001). Serious adverse events occurred in 9 (45.0%) @entity2098 -treated @entity1 and 7 (63.6%) @entity786 -treated @entity1 (P = 0.5). LIMITATIONS: Small sample size and post hoc subgroup of a larger trial. CONCLUSIONS: We did not detect a difference in the primary outcome of response in @entity1 with low @entity470 treated with @entity2098 or @entity786 . However, @entity2098 may result in quicker recovery of kidney function compared with those treated with @entity786 . Larger studies including more @entity1 with poor kidney function are warranted.

title: Mycophenolate mofetil or intravenous XXXX for @entity1988 with poor kidney function: a subgroup analysis of the @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['Aspreva Lupus Management Study', 'ALMS']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity6051 :: ('CHEBI:168396', 'Chemical') :: ['Mycophenolate']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: Background. Periacetabular osteotomy does not change the diameter of the true pelvis, but allows for extensive acetabular reorientation, including medial and lateral displacement. Because the @entity13523 remains mechanically intact, the acetabular fragment can be stabilized sufficiently using only 3 screws. This stability allows the @entity1 to stand up and walk early after surgery without loading the operated hip. This article presents for the first time in Polish literature the technique and preliminary results of the periacetabular osteotomy described by Ganz et al. for the treatment of @entity572 in adolescents and adults. Material and methods. From 1998 to 2003 the author operated 64 hips in 58 @entity1 using periacetabular osteotomy. Results. The correction of the Wiberg angle ranged from 12 degrees to 55 degrees (ave. 29 degrees ). Complications included @entity293 , ectopic bone formation, and early @entity281 of soft tissue. There was no evidence of @entity455 , or of @entity2096 . Conclusions. The periacetabular osteotomy presented here can be used, with careful planning and execution, to obtain more satisfactory and more anatomical correction of @entity572 .

title: Periacetabular Ganz osteotomy in the treatment of XXXX in adolescents and adults: Surgical technique and early results.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding or vascular complication']

entities_list: @entity13523 :: ('MESH:D001041', 'Disease') :: ['posterior pillar']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['post-op infection']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dysplasias', 'hip dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['injury to either the sciatic or femoral nerves']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['developmental dysplasia of the hip']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study investigated the long-term outcome of @entity1 with localized high-risk @entity263 after definitive conformal radiotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Ninety-one consecutive @entity1 with stage T1-T4 @entity263 were treated from 1996 through 2000. Each @entity1 had at least one of the following risk factors: stage > T2b (UICC 1997; 55 @entity1 ), Gleason score > 7 (24 @entity1 ), or pre-treatment PSA > 20 ng/mL (40 @entity1 ). All @entity1 received a conformal radiotherapy of the prostate (median dose, 70 Gy), eighty-three @entity1 (91%) combined with temporary @entity342 deprivation (median duration, 4 months). All @entity1 were followed continuously during a median of 5.2 years (range, 0.9 to 8.8 years). Biochemical failure after irradiation was defined as a PSA greater than 0.4 ng/mL and three consecutive serum PSA elevations. RESULTS: The 5- and 7-year overall survival rates were 86% and 74%, respectively. The 5- and 7-year biochemical disease-free survival (bDFS) rates were 78% and 66% respectively. The most important predictors of bDFS were Gleason score and central axis dose of 70 Gy or higher. PSA nadir (median, 0.1 ng/mL) was not predictive of subsequent biochemical disease-free survival. CONCLUSION: Our study confirms the findings of others and encourages us to proceed with this treatment policy for T1-T4 high-risk @entity263 modified by using higher doses and long-term @entity342 deprivation.

title: Definitive conformal radiotherapy for localized high-risk XXXX : a long-term follow-up study with PSA course.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity4546 20 mg once (o.d.) or twice daily (b.d.), @entity4581 250 mg b.d., and @entity7015 500 mg b.d. for 7 days ( @entity6653 ) is an effective regimen against @entity1534 , but the effect of @entity5800 resistance is unclear. We aimed to evaluate this using the disc diffusion technique (Mast Diagnostics, Bootle, UK) and E-test (Cambridge Diagnostics Services, Cambridge, UK) to assess @entity5800 resistance. @entity1534 was cultured from antral biopsies of infected @entity1 , as determined by @entity19018 breath test (13C-UBT), histology, and/or rapid urease test. @entity1 were prescribed @entity6653 and @entity1534 eradication was assessed by @entity7352 -UBT at least 4 weeks after completion of therapy. Antibiotic sensitivities to @entity868 and @entity4581 were evaluated by the disc diffusion method and by the measurement of @entity6251 ( @entity6251 ) using the E-test. One hundred and forty-one @entity1534 -infected @entity1 were enrolled in the study and the organism was successfully cultured from 119 @entity1 (84%). The overall eradication rate was 125/141 (89%). @entity6653 was successful in 62/69 (90%) @entity1 harboring fully sensitive strains of @entity1534 , compared with 42/45 (93%) of @entity1 with strains that were resistant to @entity868 alone (P = 0.74, Fisher's exact test). @entity6251 was assessed in 22 samples. Using a cut-off point of >32 microg/ml to define @entity868 resistance eradication rates were higher against sensitive (9/12; 75%) than resistant (3/10; 30%) strains (P = 0.08, Fisher's exact test). @entity5800 resistance assessed by the disc diffusion technique is not helpful in predicting @entity6653 failure, but the E-test may be of value.

title: Relevance of antibiotic sensitivities in predicting failure of XXXX , @entity4581 , and @entity7015 to eradicate @entity1534 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity5800 :: ('MESH:C052587', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Nitroimidazole', '5-nitroimidazole']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity7015 :: ('MESH:D014011', 'Chemical') :: ['tinidazole']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity6251 :: ('MESH:C567712', 'Disease') :: ['MIC', 'minimum inhibitory concentration']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['Omeprazole']

answer: @entity4546 :: (MESH:D009853,Chemical) :: ['omeprazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose was to evaluate the thyroid function after subtotal thyroidectomy. METHODS: One hundred and nineteen @entity1 operated on for multinodular benign @entity5651 were included in this prospective study. Results of the surgical treatment were evaluated 6 months after operation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) assay and cervical echography. RESULTS: Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels correlated inversely (r=-0.78) with the thyroid remnant volumes. Forty-seven @entity1 presented with a hypoechoic aspect of the remnant. Isoechoic and hypoechoic remnant volumes were similar; however, 46 of the 47 @entity1 with a hypoechoic remnant (97.9%) had TSH levels higher than 5 mU/l vs. 39 of the 72 @entity1 (54.2%) with an isoechoic aspect. No predictive factor for the occurrence of this hypoechoic feature was found. CONCLUSIONS: After sub-total thyroidectomy for benign @entity1376 , the volume of the remnant is not the only determinant of the occurrence of @entity86 . The appearance of a hypoechoic aspect of the remnant is also a strong predictive factor for such an outcome. In this case the occurrence of @entity1375 is quite constant whatever the volume of the thyroid remnant. Since this evolution toward a hypoechoic aspect of the remnant is unpredictable, our results are an additional argument in favor of total thyroidectomy for benign @entity1376 .

title: XXXX : a 6-month postoperative study of the remnant's function and sonographic aspect.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1376 :: ('MESH:C564546', 'Disease') :: ['multinodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hypothyroidism']

answer: @entity1376 :: (MESH:C564546,Disease) :: ['Subtotal thyroidectomy for benign multinodular goiter']


abstract: Splenic filtration of @entity3964 -infected red blood cells has been hypothesized to influence @entity311 pathogenesis. We have developed a @entity5562 ( @entity5562 ) filtration model which estimates physical splenic filtration during @entity281 . The key parameter in the model is the @entity5562 , the smallest tube or cylinder that a red blood cell (RBC) can traverse without lysing. The @entity5562 is defined by a relationship between the RBC surface area and volume. In the @entity5562 filtration model, the @entity5562 filtration function represents the probability of a cell becoming physically removed from circulation. This modelling approach was implemented at a field site in Blantyre, Malawi. We analysed peripheral blood samples from 120 study @entity1 in four clinically defined groups (30 subjects each): @entity6197 , uncomplicated @entity311 , aparasitaemic @entity772 and healthy controls. We found statistically significant differences in the surface area and volumes of uninfected RBCs when healthy controls were compared with @entity311 @entity1 . The estimated filtration rates generated by the @entity5562 model corresponded to previous observations in ex vivo spleen experiments and models of red blood cell loss during @entity417 .There were no differences in the estimated splenic filtration rates between @entity6197 and uncomplicated @entity311 @entity1 . The @entity5562 filtration model estimates that at time of admission, one ring-stage infected RBC is physically filtered by the spleen for each parasite that remains in peripheral circulation. This field study is the first to use microfluidic devices to identify rheological diversity in RBC populations associated with @entity281 and illness in well-characterized groups of @entity1 living in a @entity311 endemic area.

title: Estimating physical splenic filtration of @entity3964 -infected red blood cells in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['acute malaria anaemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['malaria infection']

entities_list: @entity6197 :: ('MESH:D016779', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral malaria']

entities_list: @entity5562 :: ('MESH:D015875', 'Disease') :: ['minimum cylindrical diameter', 'MCD']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: We studied the initial course of daily functioning in @entity15 ( @entity15 ). A cohort of 156 recently diagnosed @entity1 was prospectively followed for three years (five measurements). Domains of interest were @entity51 , physical functioning, mental health, social functioning and general health. An a priori distinction was made between a relapse onset group (n = 128) and a non-relapse onset group (n =28). At baseline, @entity51 are relatively minor for most @entity1 , 26.3% have aberrant physical functioning scores, 38.5% have aberrant social functioning scores, 9% have aberrant mental health scores and 25% have aberrant general health scores. The @entity51 and physical functioning deteriorated significantly over time. This deterioration was more pronounced and clinically relevant in the non-relapse onset group only. Mental health showed a significant, but not clinically relevant deterioration over time. Social functioning and general health showed non-significant effects for time. It is concluded that in the initial stage of @entity15 , when @entity51 are relatively minor and mental health is relatively unaffected, @entity1 in both groups experience limitations in daily functioning. @entity1 in the non-relapse onset group have progressive @entity16 that are accompanied by progressive limitations in physical functioning, but not by progressive limitations in the other domains.

title: The initial course of daily functioning in XXXX : a three-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: Organ transplant @entity1 suffer @entity1200 mechanisms, including antimucosal defenses. The presence of prosthetic appliances within the oral cavity constitutes an additional factor promoting the development of @entity281 . The aim of this study was to evaluate hygiene habits in relation to prosthetic appliances and one's own teeth practiced by @entity1 after organ transplantation. The study was conducted for prophylaxis of @entity3136 complicated by @entity33 . The research group was composed of @entity1 using prosthetic appliances and undergoing immunosuppressive therapy after kidney or liver transplantation. The control group included healthy wearers of prosthetic appliances. In the course of the initial interview, particular attention was devoted to hygienic habits in relation to the oral cavity and prosthetic appliances, the duration of their use, and the appearance of subjective symptoms. The following examinations concerned the oral mucosal membrane; mouth corners and @entity558 of prosthetic appliances. Additionally, microbiological examinations were performed by taking a direct swab from the oral mucosa and the surface of dentures. The results of this study showed a greater frequency of prosthetic @entity3136 complicated by @entity33 among @entity1 after organ transplantation, even though these @entity1 exhibited better hygienic standards of the oral cavity and prosthetic appliances.

title: Influence of oral hygiene habits on prosthetic @entity3136 complicated by XXXX after organ transplantation.

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['hygienic condition']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal infections', 'mucosal infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['impaired immunologic defense']

answer: @entity33 :: (MESH:D052016,Disease) :: ['mucosal infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis has been used for staging of upper tract @entity189 . This study was initiated to evaluate the utility of this modality in guiding the management of @entity1 with upper tract @entity5 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of 37 consecutive @entity1 with @entity189 of the upper urinary tract (21 renal pelvic, 16 ureteral) who underwent preoperative CT staging of the abdomen and pelvis before open surgical management. RESULTS: CT was not required to establish the diagnosis in any of the @entity1 , but in 16.2% helped to confirm the diagnosis when the disease was suspected based on other studies. CT accurately provided evidence of @entity3 in only 3% of the @entity1 . CT was accurate in predicting pathologic @entity2802 stage in 59. 5% of @entity1 . The study understaged or did not detect in 16.2% and 24.3%, respectively. Most importantly, CT did not alter the management of any @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: CT was rarely helpful in establishing the diagnosis of the upper tract @entity189 and did not influence the management of any @entity1 . We conclude that preoperative CT scan in those @entity1 who are to undergo open surgical management of confirmed @entity5 of the upper urinary tract without suspicion of @entity1442 will rarely influence the management of the disease and its use should be selective and not routine.

title: Limitations of computed tomography in the preoperative staging of upper tract XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial malignancies']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: Growth factors are critical in neurodevelopment and neuroplasticity, and recent studies point to their involvement in addiction. We previously reported increased levels of basic fibroblast growth factor ( @entity664 ) in high novelty/drug-seeking @entity35 (bred high responders, bHR) compared to low novelty/drug-seeking @entity35 (bred low responders, bLRs). The present study asked whether an early life manipulation of the FGF system(a single @entity664 injection on postnatal day 2) can impact @entity2072 sensitization and associated neurobiological markers in adult bHR/bLR animals. Neonatal @entity664 - and vehicle-treated bHR/bLR @entity35 were sensitized to @entity2072 (7 daily injections, 15 mg/kg/day, i.p.) in adulthood. Neonatal @entity664 markedly increased bLRs' typically low psychomotor sensitization to @entity2072 (day 7 locomotor response to @entity2072 ), but had little effect on bHRs' @entity2072 sensitization. Gene expression studies examined dopaminergic molecules as well as @entity664 and the @entity10702 receptor in @entity2072 na  ve animals, to investigate possible neurobiological alterations induced by neonatal @entity664 exposure that may influence behavioral response to @entity2072 . bLRs showed decreased @entity669 hydroxylase in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), decreased D1 and increased D2 receptor expression in the nucleus accumbens core, as well as decreased @entity664 in the VTA, substantia nigra, accumbens core, and caudate putamen compared to bHRs. Neonatal @entity664 selectively increased D1 receptor and @entity664 mRNA in the accumbens core of bLRs, which may contribute to their heightened @entity2072 sensitization. Our results suggest increased @entity664 in the mesodopaminergic circuit (as in baseline bHRs and neonatal @entity664 -exposed bLRs vs. baseline bLRs) enhances an individual's susceptibility to @entity2072 sensitization and may increase vulnerability to drug seeking and addiction.

title: Neonatal fibroblast growth factor treatment enhances XXXX sensitization.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: Long-term home @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) is a potential risk for developing @entity170 . Various attempts have been made to treat @entity79 both by modifying the composition of @entity3147 and by administering hormones, such as @entity175 , parathyroid hormone, and sexual hormones. @entity171 are recognized as a medication useful for the treatment of several @entity79 associated with excessive reabsorption. Nevertheless, there have been no paediatric studies on @entity171 use for intestinal failure-associated @entity79 . Our study includes 6 paediatric @entity1 receiving extremely long-term home @entity3147 (at least 3 years) who showed radiological and clinical signs of @entity170 . Diagnosis of @entity79 was made after a median period of 127.5 @entity3147 months. Treatment consisted in 2 cycles of intravenous @entity5279 , 30 mg/m once per month for 6 months consecutively. They all showed a significant improvement in bone mineral density, evaluated after 6 and 12 months of @entity5279 treatment. In our sample anthropometrical variables (weight, height, and body mass index) are not related with the z-score trend. Our @entity1 had normal levels of @entity460 , @entity3151 , and @entity560 , and proper nutrient intake. At the last follow-up, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan showed that no @entity1 had a z-score lower than -2.5; moreover, nobody developed @entity174 during the 108-month follow-up. The @entity1 did not have any prominent adverse effect. Finally, in our experience, @entity5279 is effective for improving bone mineral density and safe in @entity1 with intestinal failure-associated @entity79 .

title: Treatment with XXXX for @entity170 complicating long-term intestinal failure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates', 'Bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity5279 :: ('MESH:C019248', 'Chemical') :: ['pamidronate']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease', 'bone disorders']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['parenteral nutrition', 'PN']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity5279 :: (MESH:C019248,Chemical) :: ['pamidronate']


abstract: @entity463 multiforme (WHO grade IV; @entity11 ) is the most common primary @entity1313 with a median survival of less than one year despite multimodal treatment regimens. However, a small subgroup of @entity11 @entity1 has a better clinical outcome, with a small number of @entity1 surviving several years. Apoptosis, a genetically determined program of cell suicide, may be induced as a consequence of critical DNA damage. However, due to defects in the signaling pathways, @entity5 cells may escape apoptosis, despite carrying irreversible DNA damage. In the present study, we have analyzed @entity5 of two age-matched, equally treated groups of @entity11 @entity1 with different postoperative time @entity5 ( @entity5 ), defined as 'short-term' for @entity5 of less than 6 months (n = 54), and 'long-term' for @entity5 of more than 12 months (n = 39) for alterations in apoptosis regulatory pathways: Mutations of the @entity876 @entity5 suppressor gene and/or nuclear accumulation of its gene product @entity876 , expression of Waf/ @entity994 , @entity1197 ( @entity1197 /Fas), and @entity588 . @entity876 mutations were found in 12 out of 54 (22%) GBMs of short-term survivors and 8 out of 35 (23%) @entity5 of long-term survivors; the respective numbers for nuclear @entity876 protein accumulation were 12/53 (23%) and 10/37 (27%). @entity994 / @entity994 expression was found in 13/53 (25%) @entity5 of short-term survivors and 9/35 (26%) GBMs of long-term survivors. The respective numbers for @entity588 expression were 25/42 (60%) and 22/36 (61%) and for @entity1197 ( @entity1197 /Fas) expression 20/49 (41%) and 14/36 (39%) GBMs. The percentage of alterations in genes/proteins involved in the apoptotic pathway investigated here was virtually identical in the two groups of clinically different @entity11 @entity1 . Thus, our data imply that none of these alterations investigated per se has a strong impact on the overall survival of @entity11 @entity1 .

title: @entity876 gene mutations, nuclear @entity876 accumulation, expression of Waf/ @entity994 , @entity588 , and @entity1197 ( @entity1197 /Fas) proteins are not prognostic factors in de novo XXXX multiforme.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'TTP', 'to tumor progression', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['Glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the rates and risk of hospitalisations in @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) mellitus in England. METHODS: This retrospective population-based cohort study used computerised records from the General Practice Research Database linked to Hospital Episode Statistics data in England. @entity1 with @entity2175 from January 2006 to December 2010 were selected. Primary outcome measures were all-cause, non- @entity6 -related, @entity6 -related and hypoglycaemia-related hospitalisations. Factors associated with all-cause and @entity6 -related hospitalisations were investigated with Cox's proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Amongst 97,689 @entity1 with @entity2175 , approximately 60% had at least one hospitalisation during the 4-year study period. Rates of hospitalisation were as follows: all-cause, 33.9 per 100 @entity1 -years (pt-yrs); non- @entity6 -related, 29.1 per 100 pt-yrs; @entity6 -related, 18.8 per 100 pt-yrs and hypoglycaemia, 0.3 per 100 pt-yrs. The risk of all-cause hospitalisation increased with hospitalisation in the previous year, insulin use and the presence of major comorbidities. The risk of a @entity6 -related hospitalisation increased with age, female gender, insulin use, chronic @entity177 , hypoglycaemia (as diagnosed by a general practitioner) and @entity6 -related hospitalisation in the previous year. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity2175 are hospitalised at a considerably high rate for causes directly related with @entity2412 and stay longer in hospital. History of hospitalisation and complications of @entity6 were found to be predictive of inpatient hospitalisations suggesting previous hospitalisation episodes could serve as points of intervention. This study highlights important areas for healthcare intervention and provides a reminder for vigilance when risk factors for hospitalisation in @entity1 with @entity2175 are present.

title: Rates and risk of hospitalisation among @entity1 with XXXX : retrospective cohort study using the UK General Practice Research Database linked to English Hospital Episode Statistics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes complications']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity52 ( @entity52 ) and intracytoplasmatic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment a large drop is present between embryo transfer and occurrence of pregnancy. The implantation rate per embryo transferred is only 30%. Studies have shown that minor intrauterine abnormalities can be found in 11-45% of infertile @entity1 with a normal transvaginal sonography or hysterosalpingography. Two randomised controlled trials have indicated that detection and treatment of these abnormalities by office hysteroscopy after two failed @entity52 cycles leads to a 9-13% increase in pregnancy rate. Therefore, screening of all infertile @entity1 for intracavitary pathology prior to the start of @entity52 /ICSI is increasingly advocated. In absence of a scientific basis for such a policy, this study will assess the effects and costs of screening for and treatment of unsuspected intrauterine abnormalities by routine office hysteroscopy, with or without saline infusion sonography (SIS), prior to a first @entity52 /ICSI cycle. METHODS/DESIGN: Multicenter randomised controlled trial in asymptomatic subfertile @entity1 , indicated for a first @entity52 /ICSI treatment cycle, with normal findings at transvaginal sonography. @entity1 with recurrent miscarriages, prior hysteroscopy treatment and @entity190 will not be included. @entity1 will be randomised for a routine fertility work-up with additional (SIS and) hysteroscopy with on-the-spot-treatment of predefined intrauterine abnormalities versus the regular fertility work-up without additional diagnostic tests. The primary study outcome is the cumulative ongoing pregnancy rate resulting in live birth achieved within 18 months of @entity52 /ICSI treatment after randomisation. Secondary study outcome parameters are the cumulative implantation rate; cumulative miscarriage rate; @entity1 preference and @entity1 tolerance of a SIS and hysteroscopy procedure. All data will be analysed according to the intention-to-treat principle, using univariate and multivariate logistic regression and cox regression. Cost-effectiveness analysis will be performed to evaluate the costs of the additional tests as routine procedure. In total 700 @entity1 will be included in this study. DISCUSSION: The results of this study will help to clarify the significance of hysteroscopy prior to @entity52 treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01242852.

title: The inSIGHT study: costs and effects of routine hysteroscopy prior to a first XXXX treatment cycle. A randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['intermenstrual blood loss']

answer: @entity52 :: (MESH:C566179,Disease) :: ['IVF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between @entity281 and @entity56 in two cross-sectional questionnaire-based surveys carried out in 1997 and 2004. We also measured serum level of antibody to @entity7320 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two cross-sectional, questionnaire-based surveys were carried out in 1997 (n = 3164) and 2004 (n = 3728). 361 cases and 465 controls were recruited from both surveys. The skin tests were performed using standardised extracts. The level of pertussis specific IgG was measured in 136 allergic and 168 non-allergic @entity1 . RESULTS: We found that @entity56 prevalence was significantly higher in the @entity1 suffering from @entity281 (22.3 % fi rst and 8.8 % second survey) compared to @entity1 who did not suffer from @entity281 (6.6 % fi rst and 4.5 % second survey) (p = 0.001 and p = 0.035, respectively). Asthma prevalence was also significantly higher in @entity1 suffering from @entity281 (37.6 % fi rst and 26.2 % second survey) compared to @entity1 who did not suffer from pertussis (7.4 % fi rst and 5.0 % second survey) (p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). However, the mean serum levels of anti-pertussis IgG were similar in allergic and non-allergic groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Although pertussis antibody levels in @entity1097 @entity1 were similar to each other, @entity281 still seemed to have a significant effect on the development of @entity66 .

title: Potential association between @entity56 and XXXX in schoolchildren: results of two cross-sectional studies seven years apart.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1097 :: ('MESH:C566404', 'Disease') :: ['atopic and non-atopic']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['pertussis infections', 'pertussis infection']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['pertussis infection']


abstract: @entity3542 ( @entity6836 ) is the major end product of @entity842 (NO) production in cell culture. The authors have examined @entity3542 production by glomeruli in in situ immune complex @entity631 in the @entity35 . @entity631 was induced by unilateral renal perfusion of cationized @entity1 gamma G immunoglobulin (IgG) in preimmunized @entity35 . @entity6836 - was measured in culture supernatants of isolated glomeruli after 48 hours. @entity6836 - was produced by nephritic glomeruli with a maximum 4 days after induction of @entity631 (24.4 +/- 11.4 pmol/glomerulus/48 hours). Production was increased by lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 micrograms/ml) (54 +/- 4.9 pmol/glomerulus; P less than 0.001). @entity6836 - production was inhibited by the @entity842 synthase inhibitor @entity7293 demonstrating synthesis through NO. @entity619 (10(-7) mol/l [molar]) reduced LPS-stimulated production by peritoneal macrophages and nephritic glomeruli (P less than 0.01). Macrophages isolated from nephritic glomeruli produced @entity6836 - (4.9 +/- 0.6 nmols/10(5) cells). The production of NO by nephritic glomeruli has implications for mechanisms of @entity8 and glomerular hemodynamics. The effect of @entity619 may explain in part the ameliorative effect of @entity230 in @entity631 .

title: Glomerular @entity3542 synthesis in in situ immune complex @entity631 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular injury']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrite', 'nitrite']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['NG-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis', 'Glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity22738 is one pharmacologically active constituent of the medicinal herb Hypericum perforatum. The mechanism of its antidepressant-like activity is currently considered to be the inhibition of synaptic reuptake of neurotransmitters. Here, we will demonstrate that it also stimulates the release of @entity2227 from @entity35 cortical synaptosomes, and that this effect is preceded by an increase in their free @entity460 [ @entity141 ]i levels. These hyperforin-related effects were also observed in the absence of @entity141 in the medium. Although we noted enhanced @entity2227 , @entity492 and @entity1246 release under the influence of hyperforin, the release of various other @entity1522 was not enhanced. In contrast, @entity2515 did not influence the release of any of the @entity1522 studied. Adding hyperforin to synaptosomal suspension decreased their pHi, which returned to basal levels under certain incubation conditions. It also prevented the generation of @entity855 -induced pH gradients of isolated synaptic vesicles, and preformed pH-gradients were reversed by it. We will discuss the implications of our studies in understanding the mechanisms of hyperforin activity in relation to current findings on its pharmacological activity profile. Our observations suggest that neurotransmitter release stimulation from synaptosomes and the previously reported reuptake inhibitory properties of @entity22738 are consequences of its effects on synaptosomal ionic homeostasis, and that it is not a @entity2515 -like agent.

title: Stimulation of XXXX , @entity492 and @entity1246 release from synaptosomes by hyperforin.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity22738 :: ('MESH:C001654', 'Chemical') :: ['Hyperforin', 'hyperforin']

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Renal involvement is one of the most common manifestations of MM, with different pathogenetic mechanisms, like overproduction of monoclonal light chains and @entity2741 , those are commonest precipitating factors for @entity177 which occurs in nearly 25% of @entity1582 @entity1 . Some renal pathology is noted in over half. METHODS: We studied retrospectively 16 @entity1 with MM treated at Nephrology and Haemathology Clinic in Sarajevo, in the period from 1996-1999 y (10 females and 6 males). All fulfilled criteria for MM diagnosis: 1. Bone marrow involvement by greater than 20% plasma cells 2. Monoclonal paraprotein in the serum and/or urine 3. @entity79 . RESULTS: Appearance of high @entity1011 plasma level, red and white blood cells in urine, and @entity644 are the signs of @entity177 . @entity177 was noted in 10/16, erythbruria 6/16, @entity4658 , 7/16 @entity5052 in 8/16 and 3/16 (19%) were died during hemodialysis programme, and Bence-Jones protein was noted in urine with 7/16 (43%). Severe @entity177 with 5/16 was noted and beside high plasma @entity1011 we found high plasma @entity460 and Bence Jones in urine. CONCLUSION: High plasma levels of @entity1011 and @entity460 and Bence-Jones in urine, are poor prognostic signs of MM.

title: [Relation between certain parameters of renal function and prognosis in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal function reduction', 'renal failure', 'Renal failure']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Lytic bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Two cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs), @entity11544 and @entity11545 , are used to treat @entity195 in the Netherlands. Several adverse @entity299 have been reported for these medications. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess if the use of ChEIs increased the risk of @entity299 in the Netherlands. METHODS: A cohort crossover study of the PHARMO Record Linking System database included @entity1 who initiated ChEIs at age 50 years or older, had at least 1 dispensing of a ChEI drug between 1998 and 2008, a 1-year history in PHARMO, and 1 subsequent dispensing of any medication. Two outcomes were assessed: a first hospitalization for @entity1163 or @entity713 . Poisson and Cox regression were used to calculate incidence densities and hazard ratios for @entity299 during periods with ChEI use, compared with periods without ChEI use. RESULTS: During the complete observation period of 8.9 years (interquartile range 6.7 to 10.2) there were 132 first hospitalizations for @entity713 and 17 first hospitalizations for @entity1163 among 3358 @entity1 . The adjusted incidence densities were significantly increased during ChEI exposure for @entity1163 and @entity713 , when compared with the background incidence densities in the roughly 5 years before the last year before ChEI initiation. However, when exposed periods were compared with the unexposed periods 1 year before ChEI initiation and times after exposure, the adjusted hazard ratios remained increased for @entity1163 and @entity713 , but increases were not significant anymore. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to ChEIs might increase the risk of adverse @entity299 , but small numbers of cases limit conclusions about the risk in this population and research on larger study samples is needed.

title: Use of @entity11544 or XXXX and risk of adverse @entity299 : a database study from the Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity11545 :: ('MESH:D005702', 'Chemical') :: ['galantamine']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity11544 :: ('MESH:C072506', 'Chemical') :: ['rivastigmine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

answer: @entity11545 :: (MESH:D005702,Chemical) :: ['galantamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1028 diameter is usually measured by the maximum @entity2048 diameter on axial computed tomography (CT). However, this "traditional" diameter may underestimate the real size, as the aorta is not always straight and the @entity439 shape is sometimes in the form of an @entity7085 along the cross section. Therefore, we measured maximum major-axis diameters using a three-dimensional (3D) workstation and compared them with the traditional maximum @entity2048 diameters measured using thin-slice axial CT. METHODS: CT data of 141 @entity11557 @entity1 (with @entity439 ) were stored in a 3D workstation. These thin-slice CT images were reviewed on the 3D workstation to obtain curved multiplanar reconstruction images (CPR images). Using the CPR images, we measured the maximum major-axis and @entity2048 diameters on CPR and the angle of the @entity439 . RESULTS: The mean traditional maximum @entity2048 diameter was 51.2    8.2 mm, whereas the mean maximum major-axis diameter on CPR was 54.7    10.1 mm. Sixty eight @entity1 had a mean @entity439 size of <50 mm when measured by the traditional @entity2048 diameter. Among these @entity1 , five (7.4%) had a major-axis diameter >55 mm on CPR. CONCLUSION: The measurement of the traditional maximum @entity2048 diameter of @entity439 is useful in the case of most @entity1 . However, the traditional maximum @entity2048 diameter may underestimate the real aneurysmal diameter, particularly in @entity1 with an @entity7085 -shaped @entity439 . The maximum major-axis diameter as measured using CPR images is effective for representing the real aneurysmal size.

title: Three-dimensional workstation is useful for measuring the correct size of XXXX diameters.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysms to the body axis', 'aneurysm', 'fusiform aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: The development of @entity11604 in the @entity35 following intraperitoneal injections of various concentrations of neutral @entity10457 (pH 7-4) was studied using histology, histochemistry, electron microscopy and quantitative techniques. Daily injections of 0-5 M @entity1391 consistently produced @entity11604 after 6 days or more. @entity460 deposits were at first confined to the basement membranes of proximal tubules; but a longer course of injections, up to 10 days, resulted in additional basement membrane calcification in the outer cortes, and outer medulla, together with intra-luminal casts, often calcified, in the outer medulla and papilla. Calcification was not found in other organs such as liver, lung, heart or aorta. Results from quantitative estimations of total kidney @entity460 and @entity3151 suggested that it was the @entity460 content which was important to the initiation of @entity11604 . Ultrastructural changes, suggestive of degeneration or alteration in function, were found in mitochondria of proximal tubules in experimental animals before the onset of histologically evident @entity11604 . Later changes, especially to the basal part of proximal tubular cells and their basal laminae, were thought to be consequent upon the mitochondrial changes. It is suggested that the @entity8 was caused both directly, by a toxic effect of the @entity1391 load on the kidney and, indirectly, by stimulation of the parathyroid glands as a result of the hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia which followed an injection of @entity1391 . Daily doses of 1 M @entity1391 for 3 days produced a type of @entity11604 which was more typical of that reported by previous investigators, who used high doses of @entity1391 . Twice daily injections of 0-25 M @entity1391 for 6 days did not induce @entity11604 , whereas 0-375 M @entity1391 given twice daily for 6 days produced only minimal @entity460 deposits compared with animals given 0-5 M @entity1391 once daily for the same period. This may have important clinical implications, since @entity1391 has been used to control hypercalcaemia of various etiologies.

title: The development of XXXX in the @entity35 following injections of neutral @entity10457 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['initial renal damage']

entities_list: @entity11604 :: ('MESH:D009397', 'Disease') :: ['nephrocalcinosis']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity10457 :: ('MESH:C018279', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium phosphate']

answer: @entity11604 :: (MESH:D009397,Disease) :: ['nephrocalcinosis']


abstract: Controversy has arisen regarding the effectiveness of @entity689 inhibitors (NIs), especially against @entity532 . A literature search was performed to critically assess the evidence collected by the available systematic reviews (SRs) regarding the benefits and disadvantages of NIs ( @entity684 , @entity685 ) compared to placebos in healthy and at-risk individuals of all ages for prophylaxis and treatment of seasonal @entity683 . A SR was done using the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Health Technology Assessment Database, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and Medline (January 2006-July 2012). Two reviewers selected SRs based on randomized clinical trials, which were restricted to intention-to-treat results, and they assessed review (AMSTAR) and study quality indicators (GRADE). The SRs included (N=9) were of high quality. The efficacy of NIs in prophylaxis ranged from 64% (16-85) to 92% (37-99); the absolute risk reduction ranged from 1.2% to 12.1% (GRADE moderate to low). Clinically relevant treatment benefits of NIs were small in healthy adults and @entity1 suffering from @entity683 (GRADE high to moderate). @entity684 reduced antibiotic usage in healthy adults according to one SR, but this was not confirmed by other reviews (GRADE low). @entity685 showed a preventive effect on antibiotic usage in @entity1 (95% (77-99);GRADE moderate) and on the occurrence of @entity3617 in at-risk individuals (59% (30-76);GRADE moderate). No evidence was available on the treatment benefits of NIs in elderly and at-risk groups and their effects on hospitalization and mortality. In @entity684 trials, @entity390 , @entity391 and @entity294 were significant side-effects. For @entity685 trials, no adverse effects have been reported. The combination of diagnostic uncertainty, the risk for virus strain resistance, possible side effects and financial cost outweigh the small benefits of @entity684 or @entity685 for the prophylaxis and treatment of healthy individuals. No relevant benefits of these NIs on complications in at-risk individuals have been established.

title: The value of @entity689 inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of seasonal XXXX : a systematic review of systematic reviews.

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity684 :: ('MESH:D053139', 'Chemical') :: ['Oseltamivir', 'oseltamivir']

entities_list: @entity685 :: ('MESH:D053243', 'Chemical') :: ['Zanamivir', 'zanamivir']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['influenza-related complications']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'influenza-like illness']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: Subtotal cholecystectomy is a well-established procedure for complicated acute @entity2679 . Short-term safety is good and few complications have been described during follow-up. However, @entity1085 mucosa can produce new calculi, which can provoke the same symptoms and complications as those in non-operated @entity1 and which require a high index of suspicion. Surgical treatment can be indicated. We report the case of a @entity1 who underwent subtotal cholecystectomy for complicated @entity2679 . Postoperative follow-up did not reveal residual @entity2963 . The @entity1 developed @entity3883 . Initial studies (computed tomography and ultrasonography) showed no complications. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed @entity1085 with recurrent @entity2963 . Conservative management was initiated but gallbladder stump cholecystectomy was required for acute @entity2679 .

title: [Acute XXXX secondary to recurrent @entity2963 after subtotal cholecystectomy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice 8 years later']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['residual gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

answer: @entity2679 :: (MESH:D002764,Disease) :: ['cholecystitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multifocal @entity0 (MFBCs) present a challenge to surgeons. Although its feasibility is still controversial, breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is not contraindicated for MFBCs. The investigators retrospectively evaluated the feasibility of BCS and reviewed histopathologic findings in @entity1 with MFBC. METHODS: A total of 222 @entity1 with MFBC who were treated with either BCS (119 @entity1 ) or mastectomy (103 @entity1 ) at a single institution between January 2002 and December 2011 were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 55 months (range, 10 to 102 months). Lymphovascular invasion and lymph node involvement were significantly less frequent in the BCS group (48.8% vs 62.2% for lymphovascular invasion, P = .04; 52.1% vs 71.8% for lymph node involvement, P = .002). There were no differences in local recurrence rates between the 2 groups. The overall survival rates were 92% in the BCS group and 72% in the mastectomy group (P = .000). CONCLUSIONS: BCS is a feasible and safe procedure for the @entity5 . Extended lymphovascular invasion is associated with mortality in @entity1 who undergo mastectomy.

title: Feasibility of breast conserving surgery in multifocal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of multifocal tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancers']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify factors predicting one-year mortality in @entity1 on @entity1397 presenting with proximal @entity3330 . METHODS: 9 @entity1 and 22 @entity1 aged 64 to 97 (mean, 81; standard deviation, 8) years who had been taking @entity1397 for @entity299 (n=15), @entity66 (n=6), or both (n=10) presented with proximal @entity3330 . The time from injury to operation, type of anaesthesia, treatment method, and @entity260 were reviewed. One-year mortality was analysed using the Kaplan-Meier curve. Factors predicting one-year mortality were identified. RESULTS: The @entity174 configurations of the 31 @entity1 included intracapsular @entity2249 (n=17), intertrochanteric @entity174 (n=13), and subtrochanteric @entity174 (n=1). 30 of the @entity1 underwent hemiarthroplasty (n=16), dynamic hip screw fixation (n=9) or intramedullary hip screw fixation (n=5). The remaining @entity1 underwent conservative treatment owing to metastatic @entity263 . Of the 30 @entity1 who underwent surgery, @entity1397 was discontinued at least 7 days prior to surgery, with the mean delay to surgery being 8.4 (range, 2-16) days. No @entity1 had excessive @entity190 at operation, although 7 @entity1 received a blood transfusion postoperatively. 13 (43%) @entity1 developed @entity260 . The one-year mortality was 26% (8/31). Univariate analysis showed that factors predicting one-year mortality were spinal anaesthesia (p=0.04), postoperative blood transfusion (p=0.03), @entity260 (p=0.03), and delay to surgery (p=0.03). Multiple regression analysis showed that delay to surgery (p=0.03) was the only independent predictor of one-year mortality, with a hazard ratio of 1.357 (95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.79). CONCLUSION: Surgery should be performed as soon as possible in medically fit @entity1 having proximal @entity3330 who are taking @entity1397 , as delay to surgery is associated with increased one-year mortality.

title: Factors influencing mortality in patients on antiplatelet agents presenting with proximal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fractures']

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['femoral fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of @entity712 is generally made in @entity1 who have the signs and symptoms of @entity712 and a normal left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction. Whether the diagnosis also requires an objective measurement of parameters that reflect the diastolic properties of the ventricle has not been established. METHODS AND RESULTS: We hypothesized that the vast majority of @entity1 with @entity712 and a normal ejection fraction exhibit abnormal LV diastolic function. We tested this hypothesis by prospectively identifying 63 @entity1 with a history of @entity712 and an echocardiogram suggesting @entity4346 and a normal ejection fraction; we then assessed LV diastolic function during cardiac catheterization. All 63 @entity1 had standard hemodynamic measurements; 47 underwent detailed micromanometer and echocardiographic-Doppler studies. The LV end-diastolic pressure was >16 mm Hg in 58 of the 63 @entity1 ; thus, 92% had elevated end-diastolic pressure (average, 24+/-8 mm Hg). The time constant of LV relaxation (average, 51+/-15 ms) was abnormal in 79% of the @entity1 . The E/A ratio was abnormal in 48% of the @entity1 . The E-wave deceleration time (average, 349+/-140 ms) was abnormal in 64% of the @entity1 . One or more of the indexes of diastolic function were abnormal in every @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Objective measurement of LV diastolic function serves to confirm rather than establish the diagnosis of @entity712 . The diagnosis of @entity712 can be made without the measurement of parameters that reflect LV diastolic function.

title: @entity712 with a normal ejection fraction: is measurement of diastolic function necessary to make the diagnosis of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['diastolic heart failure']


abstract: PURPOSE: Complete @entity714 is a well-established independent risk factor for mortality, but the prognostic importance of @entity714 is unclear. We determined whether left and @entity714 was associated with all-cause mortality risk after adjustment for potential confounders, including clinical, exercise, and nuclear scintigraphic variables. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We studied 7,073 adults who were referred for symptom-limited nuclear exercise testing. @entity1 with @entity712 or pacemakers were excluded. The presence or absence of bundle @entity5036 was determined from resting electrocardiograms. The main outcome measure was all-cause mortality during a mean of 6.7 years of follow-up. RESULTS: One hundred ninety @entity1 (3%) had complete @entity714 , and 150 (2%) had complete @entity714 . There were 825 deaths (12%). Mortality was greater in @entity1 with complete @entity714 (24% [46 of 190]) or @entity714 (24% [36 of 150]) than in those without these findings (11% [779 of 6,883 and 789 of 6,923, respectively]; both P <0.0001). After adjustment for potential confounders, @entity714 was as strong an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1 to 2.1; P = 0.007) as @entity714 (HR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0 to 2.0; P = 0.017). Incomplete @entity714 was not associated with mortality. CONCLUSION: Complete right and @entity714 are independent predictors of all-cause mortality risk even after adjustment for exercise capacity, nuclear perfusion defects, and other risk factors.

title: XXXX as an independent predictor of all-cause mortality: report of 7,073 @entity1 referred for nuclear exercise testing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5036 :: ('OMIM:113900', 'Disease') :: ['branch block']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block', 'left bundle branch block']

answer: @entity5036 :: (OMIM:113900,Disease) :: ['Complete bundle branch block']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity15993 is a @entity74 characterized by several features generally associated with aging. However, the differences between @entity15993 and the normal aging process are clear. @entity15993 is usually diagnosed through the clinical signs and symptoms it presents. In recent years, however, the cultured skin fibroblasts of @entity1 have grown slowly and @entity1 have a short life span; these characteristics provide a useful diagnostic aid. OBSERVATIONS: We recently examined a 42-year-old single @entity1 who had short fingers, marked @entity2318 resulting from @entity203 in infancy, @entity726 caused by @entity1596 developed in his middle age, @entity15261 on the soles, and immaturation of sexual glands. Repeated peripheral blood examinations showed a positive result for antinuclear factor, slight elevation of immunoglobulin levels, and a low leukocyte count. His family had repeated consanguineous marriages and his parents were cousins. We cultured skin fibroblasts from the @entity1 's forearm and compared them with those of four normal control male subjects. The @entity1 's skin fibroblasts showed a remarkably low population growth rate and a total replicative life span. CONCLUSION: The @entity1 presented unique clinical features for @entity15993 such as @entity203 in infancy and @entity726 caused by @entity1596 . Cell culture studies revealed cellular abnormalities compatible with @entity15993 . We thus diagnosed the @entity1 as possibly having @entity15993 .

title: Possible XXXX . A unique association with spontaneous digital gangrene in infancy and decreased life span of cultured skin fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['facial scars']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['chilblain-like eruption']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disease']

entities_list: @entity15261 :: ('MESH:D002145', 'Disease') :: ['callosities']

entities_list: @entity15993 :: ('MESH:D014898', 'Disease') :: ['Werner syndrome']

answer: @entity15993 :: (MESH:D014898,Disease) :: ['Werner syndrome']


abstract: Altogether 75 @entity1 , 60 of whom had recurrent idiopathic @entity1150 , 10 recurrent superficial @entity2268 and 5 retinal @entity49 , were given a combination of 100 mg @entity18706 and 8 mg @entity54346 a day for periods varying between 3 and 48 months (mean 16.2). Initially, all the @entity1 had an abnormally low plasminogen activator content in the walls of superficial veins and/or a decreased capacity to release plasminogen activator from the vein walls on @entity432 of the arms. The combination elicited a significant increase in the spontaneous fibrinolytic activity and in the local fibrinolytic activity during standardized @entity432 of the arms (assayed on fibrin plates) after treatment for 3 months (p less than 0.001). These activities then remained normal throughout the observation period. In 65 of the 75 @entity1 studied, the plasminogen activator level in the vein wall (histochemically assayed by the method of Pandolfi) was abnormally low intitially. The level had increased significantly after treatment for 3 months (p less than 0.001). After treatment for 12 months all the @entity1 except 2 were normal. The @entity1 in this material had had 2-20 episodes of @entity49 , the most recent 5 years before the institution of treatment, in spite of @entity18689 treatment. During treatment 9 @entity715 episodes occurred; in 5 of these @entity1 the fibrinolytic activity of the vessel wall was not normal at the time of the recurrence. Except in 1 @entity1 , who developed @entity8193 , the side-effects were not severe.

title: @entity18706 and XXXX in recurrent @entity49 .

entities_list: @entity18689 :: ('MESH:D001728', 'Chemical') :: ['dicoumarol']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity54346 :: ('MESH:D005032', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyloestrenol']

entities_list: @entity18706 :: ('MESH:D010629', 'Chemical') :: ['phenformin']

answer: @entity54346 :: (MESH:D005032,Chemical) :: ['ethyloestrenol']