abstract: Concern has been expressed about the applicability of the findings of the International @entity510 Trial (ISAT) with respect to the relative effects on outcome of coiling and clipping. It has been suggested that the findings of the National Study of @entity510 may have greater relevance for neurosurgical practice. The objective of this paper was to interpret the findings of these two studies in the context of differences in their study populations, design, execution and analysis. Because of differences in design and analysis, the findings of the two studies are not directly comparable. The ISAT analysed all randomized @entity1 by intention-to-treat, including some who did not undergo a repair, and obtained the primary outcome for 99% of @entity1 . The National Study only analysed @entity1 who underwent clipping or coiling, according to the method of repair, and obtained the primary outcome for 91% of @entity1 . Time to repair was also considered differently in the two studies. The comparison between coiling and clipping was susceptible to confounding in the National Study, but not in the ISAT. The two study populations differed to some extent, but inspection of these differences does not support the view that coiling was applied inappropriately in the National Study. Therefore, there are many reasons why the two studies estimated different sizes of effect. The possibility that there were real, systematic differences in practice between the ISAT and the National Study cannot be ruled out, but such explanations must be seen in the context of other explanations relating to chance, differences in design or analysis, or confounding.

title: Findings of the International XXXX Trial and the National Study of @entity510 in context.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['Subarachnoid Haemorrhage', 'Subarachnoid Aneurysm']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['Subarachnoid Aneurysm']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine progression factors at the end of the Early @entity726 Trial (EMGT) based on all EMGT @entity1 and evaluate separately @entity1 with higher and lower baseline intraocular pressure (IOP; median split). DESIGN: Cohort of clinical trial @entity1 . @entity1 : @entity1 with early @entity1538 randomized to argon laser trabeculoplasty plus @entity9004 (n = 129) or no immediate treatment (n = 126), examined every 3 months for up to 11 years. METHODS: Cox proportional hazard analyses, expressed by hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Time to progression, defined by perimetric and photographic disc criteria. RESULTS: Overall progression was 67% when follow-up ended (median, 8 years). Treatment approximately halved progression risk ( @entity548 , 0.53; 95% CI, 0.39-0.72); results were similar for @entity1 with higher and lower baseline IOP (HRs, 0.41 and 0.55). Baseline progression factors (HRs, 1.51-2.12; P<0.01) were higher IOP, exfoliation, bilateral disease, and older age, as previously reported. New baseline predictors were lower ocular systolic perfusion pressure in all @entity1 (< or =160 mmHg; @entity548 , 1.42; 95% CI, 1.04-1.94), @entity65 history ( @entity548 , 2.75; 95% CI, 1.44-5.26) in @entity1 with higher baseline IOP, and lower systolic blood pressure (BP) (< or =125 mmHg; @entity548 , 0.46; 95% CI, 0.21-1.02) in @entity1 with lower baseline IOP. Postbaseline progression factors were IOP levels at follow-up, with 12% to 13% average increase per millimeter of @entity349 in all @entity1 (HRs, 1.12-1.13 per mmHg higher) and similar results in @entity1 with higher and lower baseline IOP (HRs, 1.15 and 1.13 per mmHg higher). @entity548 ( @entity548 , 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.03 per percent higher frequency) also predicted progression. Thinner @entity2840 ( @entity2840 ) ( @entity548 , 1.25; 95% CI, 1.01-1.55 per 40 microm lower) was a new significant factor, a result observed in @entity1 with higher baseline IOP ( @entity548 , 1.42; 95% CI, 1.05-1.92 per 40 microm lower) but not lower baseline IOP, with significant IOP- @entity2840 interaction. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment and follow-up IOP continued to have a marked influence on progression, regardless of baseline IOP. Other significant factors were age, bilaterality, exfoliation, and disc @entity548 , as previously determined. Lower systolic perfusion pressure, lower systolic BP, and @entity65 history emerged as new predictors, suggesting a vascular role in @entity726 progression. Another new factor was thinner @entity2840 , with results possibly indicating a preferential @entity2840 effect with higher IOP.

title: Predictors of long-term progression in the early manifest XXXX trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2840 :: ('MESH:C563262', 'Disease') :: ['central corneal thickness', 'CCT']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Disc hemorrhages', 'HR', 'hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'Manifest Glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity9004 :: ('MESH:D015784', 'Chemical') :: ['betaxolol']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ) with simultaneous multiple @entity1186 has been described, however; the available information about the clinical presentation and management of this condition is scarce. We searched the Medline and Web of Science databases from 1990 until August 2014 for all case reports, case series, and observational studies that reported simultaneous multi-vessel @entity715 at the time of the primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We excluded the articles that reported an identifiable cause for @entity1186 . A total of 29 articles were retrieved yielding 56 @entity1 . @entity1 were predominantly males (88%) with a mean age of 59 years. @entity1455 was the predominant presentation (41%). Simultaneous @entity715 of the left anterior descending and right coronary arteries was the commonest angiographic finding (50%). Primary PCI was the main treatment modality and an intra-aortic balloon pump was utilized in 38% of the cases. The in-hospital mortality was 5%. Simultaneous multi-vessel @entity715 at the time of @entity583 presents a rare condition. The cases reported in the literature presented with a high incidence of @entity1455 . Larger studies are needed to address the proper management and evaluate the outcomes associated with this condition.

title: Simultaneous multi-vessel @entity1186 in @entity1 with XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1186 :: ('MESH:D003328', 'Disease') :: ['coronary thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiogenic shock', 'cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['ST-elevation myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2384 ( @entity2385 ), an endocrine disrupting chemical, has been reported to decrease ovarian function by causing apoptosis in the ovary, but the mechanism is not fully understood. Therefore, we examined whether @entity2385 increases the expression of adipogenesis-related genes in the ovary and the increased expression of these genes is associated with apoptosis induction. METHODS: Three-week-old @entity35 were orally administered @entity2385 (1 or 10 mg/kg body weight) or @entity5420 oil as a control for 7 days. The ovaries were obtained and weighed on day 8, and then they were fixed for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase @entity1977 nick end labeling (TUNEL) or frozen for RNA extraction. Using the total RNA of the ovaries, adipogenesis- and apoptosis-related genes were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: The ovarian weight was significantly decreased in @entity35 administered 10 mg/kg @entity2385 compared to that in control @entity35 . As determined by the TUNEL assay, the number of apoptotic follicles in ovary was significantly increased in @entity35 administered 10 mg/kg @entity2385 . The real-time PCR results showed that the expression of adipogenesis-related genes such as PPARy, @entity12891 , @entity19182 , and @entity23887 was increased after @entity2385 administration. In addition, apoptosis-related genes such as @entity1505 and @entity9246 were expressed more in the @entity2385 -administered @entity35 compared with the control @entity35 . CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that @entity2385 induces the expression of adipogenesis- and apoptosis-related genes in the ovary leading to apoptosis in the ovarian follicles. These results suggest that the increased expression of adipogenesis-related genes in the ovary by @entity2385 exposure might induce apoptosis resulting in a @entity2670 .

title: @entity2384 increases the expression of apoptosis- and adipogenesis-related genes in XXXX ovaries.

entities_list: @entity2384 :: ('MESH:C011559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tributyltin']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['loss of ovarian function']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Expressive behaviour plays a crucial role in the success of social interactions. Abnormality of expressive behaviour has been reported in interpersonal interactions of @entity1 suffering from @entity161 and @entity913 , two debilitating @entity146 with @entity51 . However, no study has compared the expressive behaviour in these two disorders. Thirty @entity161 @entity1 , 21 @entity913 @entity1 and 30 healthy controls were evaluated and compared on expressive, cognitive and clinical dimensions. Expressive behaviour was assessed using the Motor Affective subscale of the Motor-Affective-Social-Scale (MASS). Covariables include the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the anxiety level Liebowitz-Social-Anxiety-Scale (LSAS) and cognitive tasks. After controlling for @entity308 , @entity161 and @entity913 @entity1 both exhibited significantly fewer expressive behaviours compared to healthy controls. Moreover, our results showed specific signatures: @entity161 @entity1 performed fewer spontaneous gestures (hand gestures and smiles) whereas @entity913 @entity1 had an impaired ability to produce @entity2798 in comparison to healthy controls. Interestingly, poor social functioning was significantly correlated with a decrease of expressive behaviour for @entity161 @entity1 . Expressive behaviour is impaired in different ways in @entity913 and @entity161 and is associated in @entity161 with poorer social functioning. The Motor Affective subscale of the MASS is an interesting tool for assessing the dysfunction of interpersonal expressive behaviour in @entity146 .

title: Nonverbal expressive behaviour in @entity161 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['social phobia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['important social deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary smiles']

answer: @entity913 :: (MESH:D010698,Disease) :: ['social phobia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity454 ( @entity454 ) is a major public health problem in the Spanish health system. Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice, offering better survival and cost-effectiveness than other alternatives. This study aimed to compare the cost of living-donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) during the first year after transplantation with that of hemodialysis (HD). METHOD: A prospective, descriptive study of cost and efficacy was performed in the Hospital Clinic in Barcelona from January to December 2011. We included 106 @entity1 (57 undergoing HD and 49 receiving a LDKT). The costs of LDKT (donor and recipient) and HD were calculated based on our economic database program. RESULTS: The mean age of recipients and donors was 46    15 and 52    10 years, respectively, and 67% of the recipients were @entity1 . In HD @entity1 , the mean age was 67    11 years and 62% were @entity1 . The total cost of LDKT was    29,897.91 (   8,128.44 for donors and    21,769.47 for recipients). The total cost of HD was    43,000.88 (   37,917 for HD and related procedures plus    5,082 for transport). LDKT represented a savings of    13,102.97 per @entity1 /year and the payback period was less than 1 year. Quality-adjusted life years were higher in LDKT than in HD @entity1 . CONCLUSION: LDKT is cost effective during the first year after transplantation and is associated with enhanced quality of life. From both the medical and economic points of  view, pre-emptive LDKD should be encouraged in Spain to reduce the health budget for  @entity454 .

title: Economic Analysis of the Treatment of XXXX Treatment: Living-donor Kidney Transplantation Versus Hemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'End-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['End-stage Renal Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterise the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) during @entity528 in a transgenic @entity15137 @entity19 model for @entity571 . METHODS: Northern analysis was used to measure mRNA levels of @entity5780 , and @entity51948 in total RNA extracted from knee joints of transgenic @entity15137 @entity19 , harbouring a 15 @entity535 deletion in the triple helical domain of the alpha1(II) collagen chain, using their non-transgenic littermates as controls. Immunohistochemistry was used to study the presence of cleavage products (neoepitopes) of type II collagen, and the distribution of @entity5782 and @entity5779 in degenerating cartilage. RESULTS: Each of the MMP and @entity5779 mRNAs analysed exhibited distinct expression patterns during development and @entity528 . The most striking change was up regulation of @entity5782 mRNA expression in the knee joints of @entity15137 @entity19 at the onset of @entity528 . However, the strongest immunostaining for @entity5782 and its inhibitor @entity5779 was not seen in the @entity528 but in synovial tissue, deep calcified cartilage, and subchondral bone. The localisation of type II collagen neoepitopes in chondrocytes and their pericellular matrix followed a similar pattern; they were not seen in cartilage fibrillations, but in adjacent unaffected cartilage. CONCLUSION: The primary localisation of @entity5782 and @entity5779 in hyperplastic synovial tissue, subchondral bone, and calcified cartilage suggests that up regulation of @entity5782 expression during early @entity528 is a secondary response to cartilage @entity2681 . This interpretation is supported by the distribution of type II collagen neoepitopes. Synovial production of @entity5782 may be related to removal of tissue debris released from articular cartilage. In the deep calcified cartilage and adjacent subchondral bone, @entity5782 probably participates in tissue remodelling.

title: Differential expression patterns of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors during development of XXXX in a transgenic @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degenerating articular cartilage', 'cartilage degeneration', 'degeneration of articular cartilage', 'osteoarthritic degeneration of the knee joint']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: A sterilized @entity691 @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) was inserted through the papillary duct into a front and a rear mammary quarter of 12 primiparous dairy @entity291 , which were @entity1271 -free. This study was conducted during lactation from month 1 postpartum to completion (generally month 9). After the device was inserted, milk somatic cell counts ( @entity7018 ) increased. Milk @entity7018 in the quarters fitted with @entity1652 from foremilk, primary, and stripping samples were 5.2, 2.6, and 5.9 X 10(5) cells/ml, respectively. Comparable counts for control quarters were 2.1, 1.4, and 3.6 X 10(5) cells/ml. The @entity7018 in foremilk from the quarters fitted with the device were 2 to 3 times greater than the counts in foremilk from control quarters during month 2 and subsequent months of lactation. The @entity7018 were significantly increased in primary and stripping samples from quarters fitted with @entity1652 ; however, the @entity7018 of 2.6 X 10(5) cells/ml in primary milk would not affect market milk quality. Milk production for the lactation was decreased (0.6 kg/quarter/day) in the quarters fitted with @entity1652 in comparison with control quarters throughout the lactation. There were no differences in percentages of milk fat or protein between deviced and control quarters. Conductivity values were increased in foremilk and stripping samples, but not in primary samples, for the quarters with @entity1652 . Bovine serum albumin concentrations were also increased.

title: Effect of an intramammary @entity691 device in primiparous dairy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['intramammary device', 'IMD']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: Regulation of haemopoiesis is closely mediated by a number of growth factors in the marrow microenvironment. The identification of the cell type secreting these regulatory polypeptides is difficult due to the heterogeneity of bone marrow cells. To analyse the release of haemopoietic growth factors by normal @entity1 bone marrow cells at the single cell level, we employed the reverse haemolytic plaque assay (RHPA). Freshly isolated @entity1 marrow cells were examined for the release of @entity1192 ( @entity1192 ), @entity2772 , @entity650 and @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ). In order to identify various cytokine-secreting cell types, the RHPA was combined with immunocytochemical or enzymatic staining. The total of secreting marrow cells as well as the amount of several secretory haemopoietic subpopulations could be determined with this technique under various conditions. Following incubation with pure serum-free medium without addition of any mediator, only few cells secreting either @entity1192 , @entity2772 , @entity650 or @entity2841 could be observed. After 2 h incubation with recombinant @entity1 - @entity1192 (rhIL-1 alpha) (10.0 ng/ml) or rhGM-CSF (10.0 pg/ml) the number of cytokine-secreting cells significantly increased for all secretory products tested. Using cytochemical staining reactions, we were able to identify 55% of all cells secreting a specific cytokine. @entity20807 -positive erythropoietic cells turned out to be the largest fraction (up to 89%) of cytokine-releasing haemopoietic cells, followed by neutrophil granulocytes (between 6 and 48%), and monocytes/macrophages (between 4 and 23%). Only few @entity1428 -positive cytokine-secreting megakaryocytes could be detected. Dose- and time-dependent kinetics after stimulation with rhGM-CSF revealed that the bulk of secretory activity originates from haemopoietic or rather from erythropoietic cells following low level stimulation and after short stimulation time. Thus, our data are in keeping with the assumption, that especially erythropoietic cells are producing a repertoire of cytokines that is thought to exhibit regulatory functions within marrow microenvironment. In the present study the RHPA is presented as an appropriate tool for measuring cytokine release not only of cells of the haematopoietic system but also of other tissues, for example solid @entity5 or @entity706 .

title: Cytokine release by XXXX bone marrow cells: analysis at the single cell level.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity20807 :: ('MESH:D006021', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycophorin C']

entities_list: @entity1192 :: ('3552', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1 alpha', 'IL-1 alpha']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High pulse pressure (PP) values have recently been implicated in the development and progression of large vessel @entity731 , small vessel disease, and in the occurrence of @entity65 . The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between PP and subclinical @entity65 in a cohort of unselected middle-aged @entity1 (204 male, 129 female) with untreated primary @entity101 . METHODS: PP was calculated as the difference between systolic ( @entity13519 ) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was assessed by M-B mode echocardiography (LVH=LVMI>51 g/m(2.7)), and carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ) by high-resolution US scan. @entity633 was measured as the albumin to @entity1011 ratio (ACR) in three non-consecutive first morning urine samples. RESULTS: PP was positively correlated to gender (P<0.05), duration of disease (P<0.001), age (P<0.0001), LDL @entity165 (P=0.007), and to early signs of @entity16 ( @entity16 ), namely LVMI (P<0.0001), @entity121 (P<0.0001), and ACR (P=0.036). @entity1 in the upper quartile of PP showed higher LVMI (P<0.001), thicker carotid walls (P<0.001), as well as higher ACR (P<0.04). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that PP and ACR independently influence LVMI (F=26.476, r(2)=0.29, P<0.0001) and @entity121 (F=17.813, r(2)=0.26, P<0.0001). @entity1 with LVH, increased carotid @entity121 and microalbuminuria showed higher PP values as compared with those with lesser degrees of target organ involvement (F=4.97, P<0.003 inter-group comparison). Moreover, the risk of having the simultaneous occurrence of various signs of @entity16 increases significantly with each SD increase in PP or @entity13519 , but is not influenced by DBP. CONCLUSIONS: PP is an independent marker of preclinical @entity65 in relatively young @entity1 with primary @entity101 and, therefore, can be useful for identifying those at higher risk of @entity65 .

title: Pulse pressure and subclinical XXXX in primary @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['target organ damage', 'TOD']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['Albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular damage', 'cardiovascular events']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular damage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies have comprehensively reported intracluster correlation coefficient (ICC) estimates for outcomes collected in primary care settings. Using data from a large primary care study, we aimed to: a) report ICCs for process-of-care and clinical outcome measures related to @entity65 management and prevention, and b) investigate the impact of practice structure and rurality on ICC estimates. METHODS: We used baseline data from the Improved Delivery of Cardiovascular Care (IDOCC) trial to estimate ICC values. Data on 5,140 @entity1 from 84 primary care practices across Eastern Ontario, Canada were collected through chart abstraction. ICC estimates were calculated using an ANOVA approach and were calculated for all @entity1 and separately for @entity1 subgroups defined by condition (i.e., @entity453 , @entity6 , @entity740 , @entity101 , @entity2299 , and smoking). We compared ICC estimates between practices in which data were collected from a single physician versus those that had multiple participating physicians and between urban versus rural practices. RESULTS: ICC estimates ranged from 0 to 0.173, with a median of 0.056. The median ICC estimate for dichotomous process outcomes (0.088) was higher than that for continuous clinical outcomes (0.035). ICC estimates calculated for single physician practices were higher than those for practices with multiple physicians for both process (average 3.9-times higher) and clinical measures (average 1.9-times higher). Urban practices tended to have higher process-of-care ICC estimates than rural practices, particularly for measuring lipid profiles and estimated glomerular filtration rates. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive summary of cardiovascular-related ICCs to be reported from Canadian primary care practices. Differences in ICC estimates based on practice structure and location highlight the importance of understanding the context in which external ICC estimates were determined prior to their use in sample size calculations. Failure to choose appropriate ICC estimates can have substantial implications for the design of a cluster randomized trial.

title: Intracluster correlation coefficients for sample size calculations related to XXXX prevention and management in primary care practices.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: Bladder function in @entity1 with @entity340 ( @entity340 ) has an immense impact on long-term continence and renal function. @entity1494 was corelated with the initial surgical treatment in 67 @entity1 with @entity340 treated between 1985 and 2000. Age at presentation, current age, duration of follow-up, initial surgical treatment (diversion or valve fulguration), trends of renal function tests, voiding disturbances, and changes in the upper tracts were recorded. Urodynamic studies were done in all @entity1 to determine urine flow rates, residual volume, maximal cystometric capacity (MCC), bladder compliance, involuntary detrusor activity, and pressure-specific bladder volume (PSBV) at 30 cm water. The @entity1 were divided into three groups depending on the initial treatment: fulguration (n = 38), vesicostomy (n = 25), and ureterostomy (n = 4). At the time of this study voiding symptoms persisted in 45 @entity1 . Mean percent MCC (% MCC) was 62%, 96%, and 100% of normal in the vesicostomy, fulguration, and ureterostomy groups, respectively (P = 0.002). Large-capacity bladders were seen in 10.9% of @entity1 , mostly in pubertal and post-pubertal @entity1 who were treated initially by either fulguration or ureterostomy; vesicostomy adversely affected bladder capacity and compliance (P = 0.007). PSBV was decreased in 48% of @entity1 in the vesicostomy group and was significantly lower in the other groups (P = 0.01). Mean percent PSBV was 75%, 95%, and 96% of normal in the vesicostomy, fulguration, and ureterostomy groups, respectively. Uninhibited contractions were present in 21 @entity1 (14 in the vesicostomy group) (P = 0.01). The highest incidence of @entity1729 was seen with %MCC below 60% of normal (P = 0.001). The predominant urodynamic patterns were: (1) fulgurated group: good-capacity, compliant bladder; (2) vesicostomy group: small-capacity, @entity1494 ; and (3) ureterostomy group: good capacity, compliant bladder. Primary valve ablation is associated with better bladder function than vesicostomy and should be the treatment of choice in @entity340 . Also, vesicostomy and ureterostomy have distinctly different effects on bladder function.

title: Initial surgical treatment as a determinant of @entity1494 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['posterior urethral valves', 'PUV']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper-tract deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreflexic bladder', 'Bladder dysfunction']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['posterior urethral valves']


abstract: Fourteen @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) (n = 13) or juvenile chronic @entity12188 (n = 1) were transplanted after conditioning with high-dose @entity1863 (4 mg/kg daily on days -7 to -4) and melphalan (180 mg/m2 on day -2). This protocol was designed for @entity1 considered unable to receive standard conditioning regimens with @entity786 and/or @entity131 . Five @entity1 (4 @entity1 and 1 adult) received a second allogeneic BMT in untreated early marrow relapse after a first BMT. There were 3 procedure-related @entity204 (PRD), 2 during aplasia and 1 from acute GVHD. Two @entity1 survived the procedure; 1 relapsed at 6 months and 1 is alive at 43+ months. Nine subjects (8 @entity1 and 1 adult) received an autologous BMT, 7 in first and 2 in second complete remission (CR). Of the 7 @entity1 grafted in first CR, there was 1 PRD, 2 relapses at 3 and 15 months, and four are alive at 38 to 82+ months. One @entity1 grafted in second CR relapsed at 7 months and 1 is alive at 67+ months. @entity137 were mild or moderate in autologous BMT recipients, mainly affecting the gastrointestinal tract. In the allogeneic BMT group, there were more moderate to severe @entity137 , including 3 cases of moderate-severe @entity8 ; no cases of such @entity137 were seen in ABMT recipients. Two cases of HVOD occurred, 1 in each group. These results are encouraging, although the small @entity1 group does not allow any firm conclusions.

title: High-dose XXXX and melphalan before bone marrow transplantation for @entity3052 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicities', 'toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity12188 :: ('MESH:D054429', 'Disease') :: ['myelomonocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['ANLL', 'acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

answer: @entity1863 :: (MESH:D002066,Chemical) :: ['busulfan']


abstract: Decreased cortical @entity121 and reduced activity as measured by fMRI in the grey matter of the subgenual cingulate cortex have been reported in @entity161 and @entity162 , and cortical grey matter loss has been reliably reported in the frontal and temporal lobes in @entity161 . The aim of this study was to examine the @entity121 of each of the six cortical layers in the subgenual cingulate cortex, five frontal lobe and four temporal lobe gyri. We examined two separate cohorts. Cohort 1 examines the subgenual cingulate cortex (SCC) in @entity161 (n = 10), @entity162 (n = 15) and major @entity308 (n = 20) against control subjects (n = 19). Cohort two examines frontal and temporal gyri in @entity161 (n = 16), major @entity308 (n = 6) against matched controls (n = 32). The cohorts were selected with identical clinical criteria, but underwent different tissue processing to contrast the effect of chemical treatment on tissue shrinkage. Measurements of layer I-VI @entity121 were taken from @entity10371 - and @entity6175 -stained sections in cohort one and from @entity10371 - and H_E-stained sections in cohort two. SCC cortical @entity121 decreased in male subjects with @entity162 (p = 0.048), and male @entity161 cases showed a specific decrease in the absolute @entity121 of layer V (p = 0.003). Compared to controls, the relative @entity121 of layer V in the crown of the SCC decreased in @entity161 (p < 0.001). A significant @entity121 was observed across the frontal lobe in @entity161 (p < 0.0001), with specific @entity655 thinning in layers III (p = 0.0001) and V (p = 0.005). There was no effect of lateralization. No changes were noted in temporal lobe cortical @entity121 . This study demonstrates diminished @entity655 @entity121 resulting in @entity75 in @entity161 .

title: Changes in XXXX in @entity161 are a result of thinning of pyramidal cell layers.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['decreased frontal lobe thickness']

entities_list: @entity10371 :: ('MESH:C028911', 'Chemical') :: ['cresyl-violet']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity655 :: ('MESH:C535504', 'Disease') :: ['pyramidal layer']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['thickness', 'decrease in total cortical thickness']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['cortical thickness in the frontal lobes']


abstract: We studied @entity1937 and @entity1875 for @entity1337 and sedation during the placement of an @entity616 . Eighty ASA I or II @entity1 undergoing elective cataract surgery under a retrobulbar block in a rural camp setting were included in the study. @entity1 were randomly divided into four groups and received different drug combinations as follows: Group I-- @entity1937 1 microg/kg, Group II-- @entity1937 0.5 microg/kg and @entity1875 0.5 mg/kg, Group III-- @entity1937 1 microg/kg with @entity1875 0.5 mg/kg and Group IV--saline 0.1 ml/kg. @entity1 were observed for degree of movement, sedation, @entity1576 . No @entity1 in the study groups reported @entity158 or displayed movement whereas most of the @entity1 in the control group had significant @entity158 during the placement of the block. Also, seven (35%) @entity1 in the control group showed significant movement which may have led to failure of block in two @entity1 and @entity548 in one @entity1 . Incidence of significant @entity1576 was maximum in Group III @entity1 (60%), followed by Group I (20%) and least in Group II (5%). All @entity1 in the study groups remained cooperative and obeyed commands except four @entity1 in group III (OAA/ @entity8072 ). Postoperatively, other than the control group, recall was maximum in Group I (55%) and least in Group II (5%). Hence, a combination of @entity1937 0.5 microg/kg with @entity1875 0.5 mg/kg as a bolus was considered to provide excellent relief of @entity158 and @entity148 with least adverse effects for the placement of ophthalmic blocks.

title: XXXX and @entity1875 sedation for retrobulbar nerve block.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['retrobulbar haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression', 'pain, recall and respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmic block']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity1937 :: (MESH:C071741,Chemical) :: ['Remifentanil']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity205 is advocated in the treatment of acute severe @entity31 that has failed to respond to high-dose corticosteroid therapy. This approach is controversial, with critics highlighting the temporary nature of remissions and the potential for adverse effects. There have been few reports of the long-term outcome of those @entity1 who do respond. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical outcome of all @entity1 treated with @entity205 at our institution over the past five years. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of 46 @entity1 who presented to a tertiary referral center. Initial responders were those who avoided colectomy; a sustained response was defined as a remission that lasted while the @entity1 was taking oral @entity205 and for three months after this therapy was discontinued. RESULTS: Thirty-two (69 percent) of 46 @entity1 had an initial response to therapy, and 50 percent met criteria for a sustained response. Eleven of 23 sustained responders subsequently relapsed. At a mean of 22 months' follow-up, 26 percent of @entity1 remain well and have never relapsed. Serious infective complications occurred in two @entity1 , possibly attributable to therapy. No factors predictive of a likely response were identifiable on retrospective analysis. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the efficacy of @entity205 in the management of severe @entity31 . Although many initial responders subsequently relapse, such @entity1 may benefit from having even a short time to adjust to the need for surgery. A substantial minority (26 percent) of all @entity1 treated remain in long-term remission.

title: XXXX therapy in severe @entity31 : is it worth the effort?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin', 'cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['Cyclosporin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: No data exist on the impact of cultivation practices on food safety risks associated with @entity9688 . @entity9688 are typically grown horizontally over a mulch cover, with fruit touching the ground, but this vining plant grows well in vertical systems. To assess whether production system affects bacterial dispersal onto plants, field trials were conducted over 2 years. @entity9688 cultivar 'Marketmore 76' was grown horizontally on plastic, straw, or bare ground or vertically on trellises installed on bare ground in soil previously amended with raw dairy manure. Fruit, flower, leaf, and soil samples were collected to quantify @entity526 , thermotolerant coliforms, and enterococci by direct plating. @entity526 isolates were characterized by BOX-PCR to evaluate relatedness among @entity6475 . Although thermotolerant coliforms and enterococci were significantly less abundant on fruit in year 1 (P < 0.05), this result was not seen in year 2 when more rain was recorded. Instead, fruit from straw-mulched beds had higher levels of enterococci compared with fruit grown on bare ground (P < 0.05). Leaves on bare ground occasionally had more bacteria than did leaves on plastic mulch beds (P < 0.05). Production system did not impact flower-associated bacterial levels. @entity526 isolates (n =127) were genotyped, generating 21 distinct fingerprints. Vertical production did not appear to be a barrier for @entity526 dispersal to the crop, as suggested by numerous related isolates from soil and flowers on bare ground, straw-mulched, and trellised beds (subcluster B1). None of the isolates from soil and flowers in this subcluster were related to isolates recovered from fruit, showing that flower colonization does not necessarily lead to fruit colonization. One cluster of isolates contained those from flowers and fruits but not soil, indicating a source other than manure-amended soil. Straw may be a source of @entity526 ; a number of closely related @entity526 isolates were retrieved from soil and fruits from straw-mulched beds. Our approach revealed @entity526 dispersal patterns and could be used to assess bacterial transmission in other production systems.

title: Occurrence and Dispersal of Indicator Bacteria on XXXX Grown Horizontally or Vertically on Various Mulch Types.

entities_list: @entity9688 :: ('3659', 'Species') :: ['Cucumber', 'cucumber', 'Cucumbers']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity9688 :: (3659,Species) :: ['Cucumbers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacies of ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy of uterine fibroids with @entity968 . METHODS: A total of 102 consecutive premenopausal @entity1 with 113 uterine fibroids were enrolled. The treatment of @entity968 was performed under the guidance of ultrasound. Both conventional and color Doppler ultrasound were performed before treatment and at Month 1, 3, 6 and 12 after treatment. The changes of @entity5 volume reductions and vascular flow were analyzed and compared. And the alteration of symptoms was evaluated by the symptom severity score (SSS) questionnaire. And adverse events were also assessed during and after treatment. RESULTS: At Month 1, 3, 6 and 12 after treatment, the mean volume of fibroids decreased by 40%, 47%, 58% and 70% respectively. And the differences had statistical significance before and after treatment (P < 0.05). The clinical symptoms alleviated greatly or even disappeared. And the differences in SSS before and after treatment were also statistically significant (P = 0.000). There was no onset of severe adverse events. CONCLUSION: Both safe and efficacious, ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy of uterine fibroids with lauromacrogolis offers an alternative option for @entity1 with fertility requirements.

title: [Safety and efficacies of ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy of uterine fibroids with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['lauromacrogol']

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['lauromacrogol']


abstract: This study describes the relationship between varying @entity9050 intake, periodontal status, and subgingival microflora as part of a multidisciplinary investigation of @entity620 (AA) metabolism in young @entity1 housed for 13 weeks in a nutrition suite that provided controlled periods of @entity620 depletion and repletion. Twelve medically healthy non-smoking @entity1 , aged 25 to 43 years, ate a rotating four-day diet adequate in all nutrients except @entity620 . Following an initial baseline period during which the subjects received 250 mg AA/day, the subjects received 5 mg AA/day for a 32-day depletion period. Eight of the 12 subjects participated in a subsequent 56-day repletion period designed to replace the reduced body AA pool slowly. Plasma and leukocyte @entity9050 levels, Plaque Index, Gingival Index, probing depths, and attachment level were monitored at the beginning and end of the depletion and repletion periods. @entity527 samples were obtained and examined for selected organisms by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. A uniform oral hygiene program was reinforced after each examination. @entity9050 concentrations in plasma and leukocytes responded rapidly to changes in @entity620 intake. There were no significant changes in plaque accumulation, probing pocket depth, or attachment level during the study. In contrast, @entity548 increased significantly after the period of AA depletion and returned to baseline values after the period of AA repletion. However, no relationship could be demonstrated between either the presence or proportion of target periodontal micro-organisms and measures of bleeding or @entity9050 levels.

title: Effects of @entity620 depletion and supplementation on periodontal health and subgingival microflora in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['Subgingival plaque']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['gingival bleeding']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid', 'vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate', 'Ascorbate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Population aging has led to notable changes in @entity712 admissions. The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics, comorbidity, management, and outcomes of this @entity1 population in three hospital departments. METHODS: An analysis was made of a prospective register that included all @entity1 admitted due to @entity712 in Internal Medicine, Cardiology, and Geriatrics over a period of 45 days. RESULTS: Of a total of 235 @entity1 , 124 (52.7%) were admitted to Internal Medicine, 83 (35.3%) to Cardiology, and 28 (11.9%) to Geriatrics. Mean age was 77.0  20.2 years (Cardiology 71.5  13.5; Internal Medicine 79.2  21.1; Geriatrics 89.9  5.1; p<.001). Preserved ejection fraction was found in 121 (51.5%) @entity1 , and this rate was higher in Internal Medicine (62.5%) and Geriatrics (70.0%) than in Cardiology (31.3%), p<.001. Comorbidity was frequent, especially @entity955 (126; 53.6%), @entity8 (89; 37.8%), and @entity1030 (65; 27.6%). Infections were the most common decompensating trigger in Internal Medicine (56; 45.2%), and there was often no trigger in Cardiology (45; 54.2%) and Geriatrics (14; 50.0%), p<.0001. The use of @entity916 -angiotensin system inhibitors, beta-blockers, and @entity1482 in @entity1 with @entity299 was higher in Cardiology. During the 45 days follow-up, 23 @entity1 (9.9%) were readmitted, which was more frequent in Internal Medicine than in Cardiology (odds ratio 3.0 [95% confidence interval: 1.1 - 8.6], p=.03), with no other significant comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 admitted due to decompensated @entity712 are elderly and often have comorbidities. There are major differences between departments as regards age and clinical profile.

title: [Profile of XXXX according to the department of admission. Implications for multidisciplinary management].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A meticulous bilateral neck exploration by an experienced endocrine surgeon offers a high cure rate with low morbidity for @entity1 with @entity459 . The advent of localizing studies raises the possibility of unilateral neck exploration. The cost-effectiveness of preoperative localizing studies and unilateral neck exploration in @entity459 are controversial issues. This study was designed to determine the risks of missing a contralateral pathologic parathyroid gland in @entity1 with preoperative localization that was confirmed at neck exploration. METHODS: Preoperative studies (ultrasonography, nuclear radioactive imaging scan, or both) were performed in 79 @entity1 with @entity459 . In 58 @entity1 a definite localization of an enlarged parathyroid gland was confirmed at operation. All @entity1 underwent a meticulous bilateral neck exploration. RESULTS: Unilateral neck exploration was feasible only in 73.4% of the @entity1 , according to our localizing modalities, and an additional enlarged parathyroid gland on the contralateral side, not detected before operation, was revealed in five @entity1 (8.6%). False-positive rates were 1.7% for ultrasonography and 13% for scan. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate an unacceptably high surgical failure rate for unilateral neck exploration guided by preoperative localizing studies compared with a bilateral neck exploration by an experienced endocrine surgeon, questioning the cost-effectiveness of preoperative localizing studies.

title: Correct preoperative localization: does it permit a change in operative strategy for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity463 is the most aggressive primary @entity1313 . Surgical resection, radiotherapy and @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ), an alkylating agent, is the standard of care. @entity11 cells may synthetize the antioxidant @entity2041 by importing @entity1434 through a @entity1434 / @entity3264 antiporter, which is inhibited by @entity3378 ( @entity16324 ). C6 @entity35 @entity11 cells are largely used in in vitro and in vivo models for developing new @entity463 treatment strategies. We treated C6 cells with 25 M @entity2904 and/or 0.25mM or 0.5mM @entity16324 for 1, 3 or 5days and evaluated viability, apoptosis, total @entity2041 levels and metalloproteinase @entity11017 and @entity6929 activities. @entity2904 treatment slightly reduced cell viability by 9.5% compared with vehicle treatment (0.1% @entity3733 ) only after 5days. In addition, @entity2904 did not modify apoptosis, @entity2041 content or @entity11017 / @entity6929 activities. The 0.25mM @entity16324 treatment reduced cell viability by 31.1% and 19.4% after the first and third days, respectively. This effect was not sustained after the fifth day of treatment. In contrast, 0.5mM @entity16324 caused a reduction in cell viability by nearly 100%, total @entity2041 depletion and apoptosis induction. Moreover, the effect of 0.5mM @entity16324 was greater than that of @entity2904 in terms of cell viability reduction, total @entity2041 depletion and apoptosis induction. @entity6929 activity was reduced by 40% after 5days of 25 M @entity2904 and 0.5mM @entity16324 co-administration. Considering previous data from our group, we verified that the cellular viability results differed between @entity35 and @entity1 cells; C6 cells were more vulnerable to 0.5mM @entity16324 than @entity1 A172 and T98G @entity463 lineages. We propose that C6 cells may not be appropriate for studying @entity1 @entity463 and that the results obtained using these cells should be interpreted with caution.

title: Characteristics of XXXX -induced cytotoxicity in C6 @entity35 @entity11 cells.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Glioma', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma', 'Glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfasalazine']

answer: @entity3378 :: (MESH:D012460,Chemical) :: ['sulfasalazine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify current management practices and evaluate subsequent outcomes of treatment for @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1869 . STUDY DESIGN: All @entity1 with a histological diagnosis of @entity1869 at the Birmingham @entity1 's Hospital were identified between October 1998 and September 2000. A retrospective case note review was performed for each @entity1 using a standardised data abstraction sheet. Baseline characteristics including clinical presentation and treatment strategy were obtained. Results of subsequent endometrial tissue examinations were used to assess histological response to treatment and the need and indication for hysterectomy was used to assess clinical response. RESULTS: There were 351 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1869 during the study period of which 84% presented with symptoms of abnormal uterine @entity548 and 54% were postmenopausal. @entity1869 was the most common diagnosis accounting for 60% of all cases. Eighty percent of @entity1 with @entity1869 were treated by hysterectomy compared with 30% without evidence of cytological atypia (relative hysterectomy rate of 2.6, 95% CI 2.0-3.3). Hysterectomy was avoided in 138/172 (80%, 95% CI 74-86%) @entity1 managed conservatively during the study period. Overall 35/108 (36%, 95% CI 27-46%) of @entity1 managed conservatively had persistent or progressive disease identified (mean follow up 36 months). 20/143 (14%) @entity1 initially diagnosed with @entity1869 who subsequently underwent hysterectomy were found to have @entity1204 , the majority of whom had been diagnosed with @entity66 (14/20, 70%). CONCLUSION(S): The majority of @entity1 with @entity1869 were managed by hysterectomy and the substantial risk of diagnostic under-call supports this approach to treatment. In contrast, there is no consensus regarding the initial management of @entity1 with @entity1869 without cytological atypia.

title: The management of XXXX : an evaluation of current practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atypical disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['atypical endometrial hyperplasia', 'endometrial hyperplasia', 'Complex endometrial hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1869 :: (MESH:D004714,Disease) :: ['endometrial hyperplasia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 1018 Background: Dose-dense chemotherapy has become one of the possible standards in @entity0 @entity1 (pts). Both, CALGB C9741 and AGO-ETC have reported statistical significant benefit in 5-year DFS and @entity3012 . We now report long-term safety and efficacy after 8 years of follow-up. METHODS: A multi-center phase-III trial of the German AGO Group recruited 1284 pts from 12/98 until 4/03. Pts below 65 years of age were eligible if they had at least 4 involved axillary lymph nodes. In the experimental arm, pts were assigned to receive three courses each of @entity1259 (150 mg/m2), @entity1311 (225 mg/m2) and @entity786 (2500 mg/m2) at 2-week intervals (q2wks) (iddETC) with G-CSF support (5  g/kg/SC day 3-10). In the standard arm 4 courses of conventional dosed @entity1259 / @entity786 (90/600 mg/m2) followed by 4 courses of @entity1311 (175 mg/m2) (q3wks) were given. RESULTS: Median age was 51 years. Risk factors were well balanced in both arms. 58% and 42% of the pts had 4-9 and >9 infiltrated nodes. The median number of positive nodes was 8. No severe late @entity1370 was reported. 8 vs. 0 pts in the idd ETC-Arm developed @entity3052 or @entity4289 . 4 of these 8 pts. received less than the planned 9 cycles. At a median follow-up of 8 years 231 pts in the idd ETC arm vs. 285 pts in the standard arm had relapsed. This difference was highly significant in the one-sided log-rank test (p<0.0001) with a HR of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.59 - 0.84). 8-year @entity4434 is 62% in the idd ETC-arm vs. 51% in the standard arm. 172 pts. have died in the idd ETC arm vs. 205 in the standard arm (two-sided log-rank test: p=0.0086; HR: 0.76 (95% CI: 0.62-0.93). 8-year @entity3012 is 71% in the idd ETC-arm vs. 65% in the standard arm. The results are independent from hormone receptor, menopausal status, number of positive nodes (4-9; >9) or @entity1722 -expression. CONCLUSIONS: Eight year follow-up analysis of the AGO-ETC trial confirmed that intense- dose-dense ETC significantly improves DFS and @entity3012 in high-risk @entity0 pts.

title: Intense dose-dense (idd) sequential chemotherapy with @entity1259 (E), @entity1311 (T), and @entity786 (C) (ETC) compared with conventionally scheduled chemotherapy in high-risk XXXX @entity1 (> 3+LN): Eight-year follow-up analysis.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1151 may cause @entity67 and backward stasis with parenchymal organ swelling thus increasing the risk for laceration, e.g. if CPR is needed. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 28-year-old Colombian female with no medical history but taking contraceptive pills and having had a recent longer flight was admitted to Danderyds hospital Emergency Department because of @entity1576 . She developed @entity1167 in the emergence department following the emergent diagnosis of @entity1151 . @entity358 was initiated, initially with manual and subsequent mechanical compressions with a so called LUCAS device. @entity1 did not respond properly to the CPR and showed signs of @entity3485 . Emergent ultrasound raised suspicion of @entity548 . Emergent laparotomy confirmed liver laceration and massive @entity548 . CONCLUSION: Pulmonary emboli with subsequent @entity67 may cause @entity3179 , and parenchymal organ e.g. liver enlargement. The risk for @entity130 and internal bleed must be acknowledged when applying external forces as in case of @entity1167 and need for resuscitation. Frequent and vigilant control of positioning of manual as well as mechanical compressions is of importance.

title: Pulmonary emboli @entity1167 with CPR complication: Liver laceration and massive XXXX , a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal bleed', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['backwards stasis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emboli', 'Massive pulmonary emboli']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular failure']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['laceration injuries']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['abdominal bleed']


abstract: A challenge in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) is to identify biomarkers of early @entity73 because functioning in some domains may be more prognostic of @entity303 . Few studies have investigated whether structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) correlates in a regionally specific manner with functioning in different cognitive domains. The aim of this study was to identify neuroanatomical correlates of executive functioning, memory, and visual cognition in @entity191 without @entity303 . 3T MRI was conducted in 51 @entity191 @entity1 and 39 control @entity1 . Brain volumes were measured in structures comprising the frontostriatal cognitive-control system, the medial temporal memory system, the ventral object-based system, and the dorsal spatial-based system. Measures of executive functioning (Stroop Test; Letter Fluency), memory (California Verbal Learning Test), @entity73 (Judgment of Line Orientation), and visuoconstruction (Pentagon Copy) were correlated with volumes comprising each system. Poorer executive functioning largely correlated with decreased frontostriatal volumes. Poorer memory correlated with decreased volumes in all medial temporal regions, but also with frontostriatal volumes. Poorer @entity73 correlated with decreased volumes in the object-based system, whereas poorer visuoconstruction correlated with decreased frontal and object-based system volumes. These relationships were nonsignificant in the control group. This is the first study to demonstrate that subtle changes in multiple cognitive domains in @entity191 without @entity303 correlate with regional volumes in specific systems implicated in the development of @entity73 . The findings suggest that structural MRI holds promise as a marker of early changes in different brain systems, some of which may predict future @entity73 .

title: Volumetric correlates of cognitive functioning in nondemented @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['visuospatial cognition', 'cognitive impairment', 'cognitive change', 'cognitive deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is now accepted that blood pressure measuring devices should be subjected to an independent evaluation of their accuracy before they are marketed for clinical use. The results of validation of the TONOPORT V blood pressure monitor for the measurement of ambulatory blood pressure according to the European Society of @entity101 International Protocol for Validation of Blood Pressure Measuring Devices in Adults are presented in this paper. POPULATION: Thirty-three subjects were recruited from among staff and @entity1 at Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. METHODS: The TONOPORT V monitor was connected to the Sphygmocorder, an audiovisual system for validation, which records blood pressure on tape and video for later analysis. Nine sequential same-arm measurements between the device and a standard @entity349 sphygmomanometer were recorded using the Sphygmocorder. RESULTS: In phase 1, the TONOPORT V monitor produced 28 measurements within 5 mmHg, 37 within 10 mmHg and 40 within 15 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (SBP), and 26 within 5 mmHg, 38 within 10 mmHg and 44 within 15 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The mean differences were -2.2 (8.6) [mean (SD)] mmHg for SBP and +0.5 (7.2) mmHg for DBP. The TONOPORT V monitor passed all the criteria for both SBP and @entity11559 . In phase 2.1, the TONOPORT V monitor had 56 measurements within 5 mmHg, 78 within 10 mmHg and 88 within 15 mmHg for SBP, and 60 measurements within 5 mmHg, 83 within 10 mmHg and 97 within 15 mmHg for DBP. The mean differences were -1.4 (8.7) mmHg for SBP and -0.2 (6.8) mmHg for DBP. The TONOPORT V monitor passed the criteria for DBP but failed to meet any of the criteria for SBP. In phase 2.2, 19 subjects had at least two of the differences within 5 mmHg and six subjects had no differences within 5 mmHg for SBP, and 22 subjects had at least two of the differences within 5 mmHg and six subjects no differences within 5 mmHg for DBP. The TONOPORT V monitor failed to meet the criteria for SBP and for DBP. CONCLUSIONS: The TONOPORT V monitor cannot be recommended for clinical use in an adult population because it records SBP inaccurately and because it records DBP inaccurately in an unacceptably high proportion of @entity1 .

title: Validation of the TONOPORT V ambulatory blood pressure monitor according to the European Society of XXXX International Protocol for Validation of Blood Pressure Measuring Devices in Adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mean age of acute @entity779 has undergone a shift towards older ages. This fact points towards the relevance of assessing the influence of age-related comorbidities, such as @entity6 , on the clinical presentation of @entity779 . Identification of factors associated with a severe presentation is of high relevance, because timely treatment is the most important intervention to avert complications and @entity204 . This review summarizes and evaluates the published evidence on the association between @entity6 and the risk of a severe clinical presentation of @entity779 . METHODOLOGY/FINDINGS: A systematic literature review was conducted using the MEDLINE database to access any relevant association between @entity779 and @entity6 . Five case-control studies (4 hospital-based, 1 population-based) compared the prevalence of @entity6 (self-reported or abstracted from medical records) of @entity1 with @entity779 (acute or past; controls) and @entity1 with severe clinical manifestations. All except one study were conducted before 2009 and all studies collected information towards WHO 1997 classification system. The reported odds ratios were formally summarized by random-effects meta-analyses. A diagnosis of @entity6 was associated with an increased risk for a severe clinical presentation of @entity779 (OR 1.75; 95% CI: 1.08-2.84, p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Large prospective studies that systematically and objectively obtain relevant signs and symptoms of @entity779 as well as of @entity4854 in the past, and at the time of @entity779 diagnosis, are needed to properly address the effect of @entity6 on the clinical presentation of an acute @entity779 . The currently available epidemiological evidence is very limited and only suggestive. The increasing global prevalence of both @entity779 and @entity6 justifies further studies. At this point, confirmation of @entity281 as early as possible in @entity6 @entity1 with fever if living in @entity779 endemic regions seems justified. The presence of this co-morbidity may warrant closer observation for glycemic control and adapted fluid management to diminish the risk for a severe clinical presentation of @entity779 .

title: Is XXXX a Risk Factor for a Severe Clinical Presentation of Dengue? - Review and Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['dengue infection']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['dengue episodes', 'dengue fever episodes', 'dengue fever episode', 'dengue']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Malignant @entity5 , including @entity463 multiforme, account for 15 - 20% of pediatric CNS @entity5 . They are most resistant to therapy and are associated with a poor prognosis. OBJECTIVE: Given the ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to affect @entity11 growth, we investigated the effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from MSCs on U87MG @entity463 cells line. METHODS: EVs were isolated from culture media of MSCs from different sources, including bone marrow (BM), umbilical cord (UC) and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) and added to U87MG culture. The internalization and the effects of BM-, UC- and @entity1386 -MSC-EVs on proliferation and apoptosis of @entity5 cells were evaluated. RESULTS: Both confocal microscopy and FACS analysis showed internalization of EVs into @entity5 cells. BM- and UC-MSC-EVs decreased cell proliferation, while an opposite effect was observed with @entity1386 -MSC-EVs. Moreover, both BM- and UC-MSC-EVs induced apoptosis of @entity463 cells, while @entity1386 -MSC-EVs had no effect. Loading UC-MSC-EVs with Vincristine further increased @entity137 when compared both to the free drug and to untreated EVs. CONCLUSIONS: Different effects of MSC-EVs on @entity5 cells were observed depending on their tissue of origin. Moreover, MSC-EVs can deliver antiblastic drugs to @entity463 cells.

title: Differential effects of extracellular vesicles secreted by mesenchymal stem cells from different sources on XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['glial tumors', 'tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adipose tissue', 'AT']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare the long-term outcome of unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures treated using anterior, posterior or combined anterior and posterior approaches. METHODS: The prospective randomised controlled study was conducted at the Tianjin 4th Centre Hospital, Tianjin, China, and comprised @entity1 of unstable thoracolumbar @entity174 operated between July 2004 and July 2006 and followed up for five years. The @entity1 were divided randomly into three groups of anterior, posterior and combined anterior and posterior approaches. Clinical data was analysed using SPSS 17. RESULTS: Of the 66 cases in the study, 45 (68.18%) were male and 21 (31.8%) were female, with overall age ranging from 19 to 69 years. There were 22 (33.3%) @entity1 in the anterior group, 23 (35%) in the posterior group, and 21 (32%) in the combined anterior and posterior group. Comparison was made between two respective groups. The combined group was found to have the longest operation time (p < 0.02; p < 0.01, respectively), larger @entity190 (p < 0.006; p < 0.005, respectively), longer hospital stay (p < 0.01; p < 0.003, respectively) and higher hospitalisation costs (p < 0.004; p < 0.001, respectively). The postoperative kyphotic angle was significantly smaller than preoperative one in all groups (p < 0.01; p < 0.02; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The anterior approach or combined anterior and posterior approach were better options in managing unstable thoracolumbar @entity174 , while the latter should be used only for the @entity174 with a significant posterior @entity130 .

title: Analysis of surgical approaches for unstable thoracolumbar XXXX : minimum of five year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['column injury']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['burst fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['burst fracture']


abstract: Fungal cell wall glucans nonspecifically stimulate various aspects of innate immunity. Glucans are thought to mediate their effects via interaction with membrane receptors on macrophages, neutrophils, and NK cells. There have been no reports of glucan receptors on nonimmune cells. We investigated the binding of a water-soluble glucan in primary cultures of normal @entity1 dermal fibroblasts (NHDF). Membranes from NHDF exhibited saturable binding with an apparent dissociation constant (K(D)) of 8.9 +/- 1.9 microg of protein per ml and a maximum binding of 100 +/- 8 resonance units. Competition studies demonstrated the presence of at least two glucan binding sites on NHDF. @entity59434 competed for all binding sites, with a K(D) of 5.6 microM (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.0 to 11 microM), while laminarin competed for 69% +/- 6% of binding sites, with a K(D) of 3.7 microM (95% CI, 1.9 to 7.3 microM). Glucan (1 microg/ml) stimulated fibroblast @entity2451 nuclear binding activity and @entity650 ( @entity650 ) gene expression in a time-dependent manner. @entity2451 was activated at 4, 8, and 12 h, while @entity650 mRNA levels were increased by 48% at 8 h. This is the first report of pattern recognition receptors for glucan on @entity1 fibroblasts and the first demonstration of glucan binding sites on cells other than leukocytes. It also provides the first evidence that glucans can directly modulate the functional activity of NHDF. These results provide new insights into the mechanisms by which the host recognizes and responds to fungal (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans and suggests that the response to glucans may not be confined to cells of the immune system.

title: Normal XXXX fibroblasts express pattern recognition receptors for fungal (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans.

entities_list: @entity59434 :: ('MESH:C480175', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucan phosphate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Soccer players are commonly affected by long-standing adductor-related groin @entity158 (ARGP), but the clinical significance of MRI findings in these athletes is largely unknown. Our aims were (1) to evaluate whether MRI findings are associated with long-standing ARGP in soccer players, (2) to assess MRI findings in asymptomatic soccer players and non-soccer playing controls. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 28 male soccer players with long-standing ARGP, 17 male asymptomatic soccer players and 20 male asymptomatic non-soccer playing athletes of matching age and athletic exposure. @entity1 underwent identical standardised and reliable clinical examination, and MRI scans (3   T) of the pelvis performed by a blinded observer. Images were consensus rated by three blinded radiologists according to a standardised MRI evaluation protocol. The associations between clinical adductor-related findings and pathological MRI findings were investigated with   (2) statistics and OR. RESULTS: Central disc protrusion (p=0.027) and higher grades of pubic @entity236 ( @entity236 ; p=0.027) were significantly more present in symptomatic players than asymptomatic players. However, up to 71% of asymptomatic soccer players displayed different positive MRI findings, and asymptomatic soccer players had significantly higher odds (OR ranging from 6.3 to 13.3) for @entity236 , adductor @entity924 and degenerative changes than non-soccer players. CONCLUSIONS: ARGP in soccer players was associated with central disc protrusion and higher grades of pubic @entity236 . Moreover, positive MRI findings were significantly more frequent in soccer players compared with non-soccer players irrespective of symptoms, suggesting that these MRI changes may be associated with soccer play itself rather than clinical symptoms.

title: MRI findings in soccer players with long-standing adductor-related groin XXXX and asymptomatic controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow oedema', 'BMO']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinopathy']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Mosquito control by phytochemicals is an alternative method to synthetic insecticides, as it is biodegradable and non resistant to vector mosquito. Polianthes tuberosa is a perennial plant distributed in many parts of India. The present study was undertaken to scientifically evaluate the larvicide and biting deterrency activity of bud of Polianthes tuberosa against @entity2957 and Anopheles stephensi. Crude and solvent extract [ @entity1046 , @entity3636 : @entity1042 (1:1, v/v), @entity1324 ] of fresh, mature, bud of P. tuberosa was tested against (ex. quinquefasciatus and An. stephensi. The repellent activity tested by @entity3636 : @entity1042 (1:1, v/v) solvent extract against both mosquito species. The appropriate lethal concentrations at 24h for @entity3636 : @entity1042 (1:1, v/v) extract was also studied on non target organisms such as Toxorhynchites larvae, Diplonychus annulatum and Chironomus circumdatus. In a 72 hour bioassay experiment, 0.5% crude extract showed the highest mortality and @entity3636 : @entity1042 (1:1, v/v) solvent extract showed the highest mortality, the maximum (p < 0.05) mortality was recorded at a concentration of 60 ppm. The @entity3636 : @entity1042 (1:1, v/v) solvent extract provide 4h protection against Cx. quinquefasciatus and 5h against An. stephensi from biting. Both crude and @entity3636 : @entity1042 (1:1, v/v) extract showed good result against Cx. quinquefasciatus, so it could be used as a mosquito larvicide agent. There is no changes in the activity non-target organism so, it is safe to use.

title: Mosquito larvicidal and biting deterrency activity of bud of Polianthes tuberosa plants extract against Anopheles stephensi and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity2957 :: ('7176', 'Species') :: ['Culex quinquefasciatus']

answer: @entity2957 :: (7176,Species) :: ['Culex quinquefasciatus']


abstract: From April 1969 through December 1980, 203 @entity1 with @entity5 of the cervix were treated with radiation therapy with curative intent. The disease-free survival at 2, 5, and 10 years was 50%, 33%, and 27%, respectively. The survival was better for @entity1 with Stage IIIB disease than for those with @entity5 . Eighty-eight @entity1 were treated with external beam therapy only, and 115 received external beam and brachytherapy. The disease-free survival was better for the combination therapy group initially, but this difference was not sustained beyond 5 years. One hundred eight @entity1 experienced recurrence within the irradiated field, for a locoregional recurrence rate of 53%. Twenty-seven @entity1 had complications (13%). The complications were mild in 13 @entity1 , moderate in 4 @entity1 , and severe in 10 @entity1 . A study was made of the relationship of the dose to Point A and the occurrence of complications. Similar analyses were made of the bladder and rectal doses and the subsequent occurrence of urinary and intestinal complications. In these analyses, the mean dose to Point A and the critical organs was higher for the groups of @entity1 with complications than for those @entity1 without complications. This relationship was also observed when the @entity1 were stratified for treatment with either external beam plus brachytherapy or external beam therapy alone.

title: XXXX . Results of radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage IIIA disease', 'Stage III epidermoid carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma of the cervix, stage III']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate @entity842 (NO) synthase activity in cultured neonatal @entity35 cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts upon treatment with inflammatory cytokines @entity3426 ( @entity3426 ), @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity1505 ), @entity5041 , @entity568 , IL-8, transforming growth factor beta ( @entity1810 ) and gram negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS: NO and @entity6708 ( @entity6708 ) synthesis was measured in cultured neonatal @entity35 cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts, using Griess reagent and an enzyme immunoassay kit, respectively. The expression of @entity1506 ( @entity1506 ) mRNA and protein was assayed by northern and western blotting, respectively. RESULTS: Incubation of cardiac myocytes for 24 h with @entity3426 (10 ng.ml-1) or LPS (1 microgram.ml-1) caused significant increases in NO and @entity6708 production. @entity1505 , @entity5041 , @entity568 , IL-8, and @entity1810 showed no significant effect on their production. @entity3426 induced NO and @entity6708 production in a time and dose dependent manner. @entity3426 also increased @entity1506 mRNA and protein accumulation in cardiac myocytes. Simultaneous incubation of @entity3426 with @entity7293 , @entity670 , @entity11616 , @entity1880 , or @entity4316 completely inhibited the @entity3426 induced NO production by cardiac myocytes. @entity1810 , @entity619 , or @entity205 also dose dependently inhibited the @entity3426 induced NO production. Exposure to @entity3426 for 12-24 h decreased the beating rate of cardiac myocytes, but addition of @entity619 completely overcame this inhibition. In contrast to cardiac myocytes, incubation of cardiac fibroblasts for 24 h with @entity3426 or LPS showed no significant effect on NO or @entity6708 production. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that @entity3426 /LPS responsive @entity1506 , which is an important regulator of contractile function of the heart, is present in cardiac myocytes but not in cardiac fibroblasts.

title: XXXX synthesis in cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts by inflammatory cytokines.

entities_list: @entity6708 :: ('CHEBI:16356', 'Chemical') :: ['cGMP', "guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate"]

entities_list: @entity1506 :: ('24599(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['inducible NO synthase', 'iNOS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['NG-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity11616 :: ('MESH:C058819', 'Chemical') :: ['calphostin C']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression of uncoupling protein-2 mRNA in brown adipose tissue, white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of diet-induced @entity28 -resistant (DIO- @entity5698 . METHODS: Fifty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 were randomly divided into a control group and a high-fat group and fed with basic diet and high-fat diet respectively for 13 weeks. DIO-R and DIO @entity35 were selected according to their body weight. The change of body weight and the intake of total calorie were observed. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the expression of @entity5484 mRNA in @entity35 . RESULTS: Body weight and total calorie intake in DIO- @entity5698 (425.1 +/- 27.1) g, (31,693 +/- 946) kJ were significantly lower than those in DIO @entity35 (489.7 +/- 20.5) g, (34,363 +/- 1465) kJ. The peak area of @entity5484 mRNA in white adipose tissue in DIO- @entity5698 was 352 +/- 30 and in DIO @entity35 was 101 +/- 12. The peak areas of @entity5484 mRNA in skeletal muscle in DIO-R and DIO @entity35 were 130 +/- 15 and 170 +/- 12, respectively. The peak areas of @entity5484 mRNA in brown adipose tissue of DIO and DIO- @entity5698 were 124 +/- 14 and 147 +/- 19, respectively. CONCLUSION: The expression of @entity5484 mRNA in white adipose tissue of DIO- @entity5698 increased significantly. These results suggest that @entity28 -resistance was associated with a tissue-specific increase in @entity5484 expression.

title: [Expression of uncoupling protein-2 mRNA in diet-induced @entity28 -resistant XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) to augment healing of surgical incisions and @entity1410 after high-energy @entity130 . MATERIALS: This study is a prospective randomized evaluation of NPWT in @entity130 @entity1 , randomizing @entity1 with draining @entity1410 to either a pressure dressing (group A) or a VAC (group B). Additionally, @entity1 with @entity8546 , pilon, and high-energy @entity174 were randomized to either a standard postoperative dressing or a VAC over the sutures. RESULTS: There were 44 @entity1 randomized into the @entity1410 study. Group A drained a mean of 3.1 days, compared with only 1.6 days for group B. This difference was significant (p=0.03). The @entity281 rate for group A was 16%, compared with 8% in group B. An additional 44 @entity1 have been randomized into the @entity174 study. Again, a significant difference (p=0.02) was present when comparing drainage in group A (4.8 days) and group B (1.8 days). No significant difference was present at current enrollment for @entity281 or wound breakdown. DISCUSSION: NPWT has been used on many complex traumatic wounds. Potential mechanisms of action include angiogenesis, increased blood flow, and decreased interstitial fluid. This ongoing randomized study has demonstrated decreased drainage and improved wound healing following both @entity1410 and severe @entity174 .

title: Negative pressure wound therapy to treat XXXX and surgical incisions following high-energy @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'tibial plateau fractures']

entities_list: @entity8546 :: ('MESH:C566069', 'Disease') :: ['calcaneus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['hematomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity189 is an aggressive @entity5 that commonly arises from the meibomian glands of the eyelids and other sebaceous glands of the ocular adnexa. Historic data indicate a nearly 30% local recurrence rate with standard surgical excision. Excision by means of Mohs micrographic surgery may be more efficacious. However, reports documenting the effectiveness of this technique for the treatment of eyelid sebaceous @entity189 have been limited to a few cases. OBJECTIVE: We report our experience in the treatment of @entity2093 with the Mohs fresh tissue technique. METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 with a diagnosis of sebaceous @entity189 who underwent resection by means of the Mohs fresh tissue technique during the years 1988-1998 were reviewed. RESULTS: Sixteen of the 18 @entity1 were free of disease after an average follow-up of 37 months (11.1% recurrence rate). One @entity1 who experienced local recurrence also had metastatic disease of the parotid lymph nodes (5.6% metastatic rate). The recurrence and @entity3 were noted 9 months after excision. The other @entity1 experienced a local recurrence 19 months postoperatively. Both @entity1 exhibited pagetoid spread and involvement of both the upper and lower eyelid at the time of Mohs excision. CONCLUSION: Mohs surgery offers excellent results when used as the primary treatment modality for sebaceous @entity189 . When compared with historic series of standard surgical excision, Mohs micrographic surgery has a significantly lower recurrence rate and metastatic rate.

title: XXXX treated with Mohs micrographic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the eyelid', 'Sebaceous carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2093 :: ('MESH:D005134', 'Disease') :: ['ocular sebaceous carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid']


abstract: Two models for @entity693 have been developed in @entity35 using intrathecal injection of 9L @entity25970 cells. @entity5 cells were injected in unanesthetized animals through an indwelling catheter inserted at the cisterna magna to the level of the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord. Survival of @entity35 was dependent on the number of @entity5 cells injected. Spread of @entity5 was quantified by histology using a grading scale, and functional and behavioral changes were measured. @entity35 injected with 10(6) 9L @entity3038 cells showed progressive @entity353 , flaccid @entity912 , and @entity1494 and had a median survival of 11 days. The @entity5 frequently grew as a mass compressing the spinal cord. The 9L @entity5 cells markedly invaded the Virchow-Robin spaces but exhibited only minimal @entity149 . The @entity5 reached the brain by day 10. @entity35 injected with 2 X 10(5) Walker 256 @entity6962 cells showed progressive @entity353 and @entity425 and had a median survival of 6 days. The @entity5 grew within the leptomeninges in a discontinuous multifocal fashion and reached the brain by day 4. There was extensive @entity149 by Walker 256 @entity5 cells along the Virchow-Robin spaces resulting in @entity548 and @entity39 of grey and white matter. Hot plate and tail flick response times were significantly delayed only in the days immediately preceding death of animals with either 9L or Walker 256 @entity5 and were not good indicators of @entity5 progression. Loss of motor coordination and failure of the stepping and placing reflex on the other hand showed good correlation with spread of @entity5 measured histologically. Control animals injected with 0.9% @entity1219 or with lethally irradiated @entity5 cells showed no significant @entity353 or functional or behavioral changes. The intrathecal 9L @entity25970 models show different characteristics of @entity1 @entity3909 and will be used for studies of experimental chemotherapy with intrathecally administered antitumor drugs.

title: Development of experimental models for @entity693 using intrathecal injection of 9L XXXX in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['gliosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'gliosarcoma tumor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['invasion of the central nervous system parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity25970 :: ('MESH:D002279', 'Disease') :: ['gliosarcoma and Walker 256 carcinosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcoma']

answer: @entity25970 :: (MESH:D002279,Disease) :: ['gliosarcoma and Walker 256 carcinosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a need for specific markers that can indicate the different stages of @entity263 . There is ongoing speculation concerning the value of prostate specific glandular @entity7199 ( @entity14958 ) in this regard. METHODS: The expression levels of both @entity14958 and @entity1 @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ) were compared at the mRNA and protein levels by using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry techniques in tissue specimens from @entity1 with @entity1067 and @entity263 . The respective gene copy numbers were analyzed by a competitively differential polymerase chain reaction-based method. RESULTS: In situ hybridization revealed that @entity14958 was expressed at significantly higher levels in malignant prostate tissue compared with benign prostate tissue (P < 0.0005), whereas @entity1486 expression levels were the reverse (P = 0.06). In benign tissue, the mean level of @entity14958 mRNA was 82% of the respective value of @entity1486 (P < 0.003), whereas, in @entity5 tissue, the mean @entity14958 expression level was 21% higher than that of @entity1486 (P < 0.01). The results at the protein level supported the mRNA findings: @entity1486 expression was lower in malignant tissues compared with benign tissues (17 of 20 specimens), whereas an increase in @entity14958 expression was detected in 17 of 19 specimens. The authors report that the @entity14958 gene ( @entity27656 ) was amplified in @entity263 tissue, whereas the @entity1486 gene was not. There was a correlation between @entity1486 and @entity14958 mRNA levels in both benign tissue (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.735; P < 0.01) and malignant tissue (r = 0.767; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Gene amplification of @entity27656 may be one of the factors leading to higher expression of @entity14958 in @entity263 . The correlation between @entity14958 and @entity1486 expression levels indicates coordinated expression of the genes in both normal and abnormal prostate gland. The results suggest the potential value of @entity14958 in the diagnosis of @entity263 through mRNA analyses and gene amplification.

title: Comparison of @entity1 prostate specific @entity27656 and XXXX gene expression in prostate with gene amplification and overexpression of prostate specific @entity27656 in @entity5 tissue.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['malignant prostate carcinoma', 'prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity7199 :: ('MESH:D007610', 'Chemical') :: ['kallikrein']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['hPSA', 'prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate specific antigen']


abstract: Diagnosis of @entity693 was made in 10 @entity1 by serological tests on blood and cerebrospinal fluid using Rose Bengal, standard agglutination, indirect immunofluorescent and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests and by blood and CSF culture. All @entity1 had significantly elevated antibody titres. In three Br. melitensis was isolated both from blood and CSF and in a further three from blood only. Eight @entity1 were 30 years old or less and seven were female. Seven @entity1 had a history of contact with livestock and had consumed raw milk. @entity693 occurred in five, @entity5422 with @entity1158 in one, @entity451 and @entity129 in one and @entity716 and/or nightmares in three. Transient @entity304 was seen in one @entity1 and generalized @entity2003 and @entity191 in another. Computerized tomography revealed @entity2554 in one @entity1 and punctate hyperdense, non-enhancing shadows in the lentiform nuclei in two others. Treatment with a combination of @entity803 , @entity1215 and @entity3639 was successful.

title: Brucella XXXX : presentation, diagnosis and treatment--a prospective study of ten cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['Meningitis', 'brucella meningitis']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['non-Parkinsonian tremors']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilation']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['meningitis']


abstract: Antipsychotic drugs may be associated with @entity943 , @entity2224 , or @entity1166 , which can result in @entity944 . These drugs could therefore be found in postmortem toxicological analyses of autopsy specimens following unexplained @entity944 . The drug concentrations in tissues and body fluids change between the death and postmortem specimens collection because of postmortem redistribution. For this reason, it is often difficult to interpret the postmortem analysis. The aim of this study was to investigate postmortem redistribution of the two cardiotoxic antipsychotic drugs, @entity1767 and @entity5957 , in order to interpret the postmortem analysis. We have chosen the @entity35 as an animal model. The @entity35 received 1 mg/kg of @entity1767 and 5 mg/kg of @entity5957 by intraperitoneal injection. They were sacrificed and left at room temperature for 2, 6, 12, 24, or 48 h, at which times blood and tissue samples were taken. The drug analyses in tissues and blood were done using a liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry method. Our results show that there is a redistribution of the two drugs from the lung to the cardiac blood. The concentration of the antipsychotic drugs in the lung decreased rapidly, whereas in the cardiac blood, this concentration increased within the first 2 h postmortem. By 48 h after death, the concentrations of the antipsychotic drugs were about twice as high as the initial concentrations in the cardiac blood. For the lungs, a decrease of 50% was observed between 0 and 48 h. Only myocardium and muscle concentrations did not change with the postmortem delay.

title: Postmortem redistribution of two antipsychotic drugs, @entity1767 and XXXX , in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['torsades de pointes']

entities_list: @entity5957 :: ('MESH:D013881', 'Chemical') :: ['thioridazine']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity5957 :: (MESH:D013881,Chemical) :: ['thioridazine']