abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the mechanism(s) of interferon (IFN) induced expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class 1 molecules on the @entity1 @entity995 cell line, Y-79. METHODS: Y-79 cells were incubated in the presence of @entity3027 , -beta, and -gamma. Y-79 cell expression of MHC class 1 molecules was measured by flow cytometric analysis. HLA-B7 and oncogene transcription were evaluated by Northern blot analysis and nuclear runoff transcription assays. RESULTS: @entity379 increased MHC-class 1 antigen expression and induced a fivefold increase in its transcription rate. Posttranscriptionally, @entity19670 increased steady state messenger RNA for the HLA-B7 gene. These effects were not associated with down regulation of @entity4180 oncogene nuclear transcription. Moreover, @entity619 did not affect the @entity379 induced expression of MHC-class 1 molecules. CONCLUSIONS: Both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms are implicated in the modulation of class 1 molecule expression by IFN. In addition, this modulation is not associated with down regulation of @entity4180 oncogene expression. Spontaneous or @entity379 induced MHC class 1 antigen expression in @entity995 Y-79 cells is resistant to glucocorticoid hormones.

title: Modulation of major histocompatibility complex class 1 genes in @entity1 XXXX cells by interferons.

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: ACT was developed to treat female stress @entity322 resulting from @entity1690 by increasing urethral resistance. We evaluated the implantation procedure and assessed @entity1 outcomes at our center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The adjustable continence device consists of 2 @entity1346 balloons on either side of the proximal urethra under the bladder neck, each attached to a @entity702 port buried in the labia to allow postoperative titration. Urodynamic assessment was done in 57 female @entity1 in whom previous pelvic surgery had failed. Pad use and an @entity322 quality of life questionnaire were evaluated before ACT implantation, postoperatively at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months, and annually thereafter. @entity1 recorded the overall impression and percent of improvement postoperatively based on the @entity1 Global Impression Index and a visual analog scale. RESULTS: Mean followup was 72 months (range 12 to 84). At 6-year followup in 29 @entity1 mean pad use improved from 5.6 daily at baseline to 0.41 and @entity1690 improved from 27.2 to 78.6 (p <0.001). As measured on the visual analog scale, 68% of @entity1 considered themselves dry. On the @entity1 Global Impression Index questionnaire 64% were very much improved, 23% were much improved and 13% were only minimally improved or unchanged. No @entity1 considered themselves worse after the procedure. Complications necessitating device removal developed in 21.1% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Relative ease of insertion and the ability to tailor this therapy to individual needs makes this an attractive option for the challenging treatment for recurrent stress @entity322 due to @entity1690 .

title: Adjustable continence therapy for severe @entity1690 and recurrent female stress XXXX : long-term experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic sphincter deficiency']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: We studied the effects of @entity2194 on eye-head coordination in monkeys that were trained to perform a @entity227 . Eye and @entity910 were recorded with the scleral search coil technique using phase angle detection in a homogeneous electromagnetic field. In the @entity227 all three animals showed a neglect for stimuli presented in the field contralateral to the lesion. In two animals the neglect disappeared within 2-3 wk. One animal had a lasting deficit. We found that @entity735 lesions that are restricted to area 8 cause only temporary deficits in eye and @entity910 . Up to a week after the lesion the animals had a strong preference to direct gaze and head to the side ipsilateral to the lesion. Animals tracked objects in contralateral space with combined eye and @entity910 , but failed to do this with the eyes alone. It was found that within a few days after the lesion, eye and @entity910 in the direction of the target were initiated, but they were inadequate and had long latencies. Within 1 wk latencies had regained preoperative values. Parallel with the recovery on the behavioral task, @entity910 became more prominent than before the lesion. Four weeks after the lesion, peak velocity of the head movement had increased by a factor of two, whereas the duration showed a twofold decrease compared with @entity910 before the lesion. No effects were seen on the duration and peak velocity of gaze. After the recovery on the behavioral task had stabilized, a relative neglect in the hemifield contralateral to the lesion could still be demonstrated by simultaneously presenting two stimuli in the left and right visual hemifields. The neglect is not due to a @entity51 , but to a disorder of programming. The recovery from unilateral neglect after a @entity735 lesion is the result of a different orienting behavior, in which @entity910 become more important. It is concluded that the @entity735 plays an important role in the organization and coordination of eye and @entity910 and that lesions of this area result in subtle but permanent @entity735 .

title: Effects of XXXX on eye-head coordination in monkey.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral frontal eye-field (FEF) lesions']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual search task']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['head movements']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['FEF', 'changes in eye-head coordination']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['sensory deficit']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['unilateral frontal eye-field lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We changed our surgical approach to @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ) in August 2011 and adopted @entity5130 ( @entity5130 ) instead  of extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP). In this study, we analyzed our perioperative and survival results during the 2 periods. METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent surgical intervention for @entity3620 during 2003-2014 were included. Data were retrospectively analyzed from a prospective database. Before August 2011, @entity1 underwent evaluation for @entity1753 (group 1). After August 2011, @entity1 were evaluated for @entity5130 and adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation (group 2). Demographic characteristics, surgical technique, histology, side, completeness of resection, and types of treatments were recorded. Statistics was performed using Student t  test,   (2) tests, uni- and multivariate regression, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS: The same surgical team operated on 130 @entity1 . Median age was 55.7  years (range, 26-80  years) and 76 were @entity1 . EPP and extended @entity5130 was performed in 72 @entity1 . Ninety-day mortality was 10%. Median survival was 17.8  months with a 5-year survival rate of 14%. Uni- and multivariate analyses showed that epithelioid histology, stage N0, and trimodality treatment were associated with better survival (P  =  .039, P  =  .012, and P  <  .001, respectively). Demographic variables and overall survival (15.6 vs 19.6  months, respectively) were similar between the groups, whereas nonepithelioid histology, use of preoperative chemotherapy, and incomplete resections were more frequent in group 2 (P  <  .001, P  <  .001, and P  =  .006, respectively). Follow-up was shorter in group 2 (22.5      20.6 vs 16.4      10.9  months; P  <  .001). CONCLUSIONS: Adoption of @entity5130 as the main surgical approach is not associated with survival disadvantage in the surgical treatment of @entity3620 .

title: Adoption of @entity5130 for XXXX leads to similar survival as extrapleural pneumonectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['MPM', 'malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity5130 :: ('MESH:D003655', 'Disease') :: ['pleurectomy and decortication', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['EPP and adjuvant chemoradiation']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant mesothelioma']


abstract: In this study, we assessed whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the biomarker a-synuclein have a diagnostic value in differential diagnosis of @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ) and @entity195 ( @entity195 ). We also analyzed associations between CSF biomarkers and cognitive performance in @entity1832 and in @entity195 . We included 35 @entity1832 @entity1 , 63 @entity195 @entity1 , 18 @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ), and 34 @entity1 with subjective complaints (SC). Neuropsychological performance was measured by means of the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Visual Association Test (VAT), VAT object-naming, Trail Making Test, and category fluency. In CSF, levels of a-synuclein, amyloid-b 1-42 (Ab1-42), total tau (tau), and tau phosphorylated at @entity1889 181 (ptau-181) were measured. CSF a-synuclein levels did not differentiate between diagnostic groups (p=0.16). Higher ptau-181 and higher tau levels differentiated @entity195 from @entity1832 @entity1 (p< 0.05). In @entity1832 @entity1 , lower Ab1-42 and higher total tau levels were found than in SC and @entity191 @entity1 (p< 0.05). In @entity1832 @entity1 , linear regression analyses of CSF biomarkers showed that lower a-synuclein was related to lower MMSE-scores (b (SE) = 6(2) and p< 0.05) and fluency (b (SE) = 4(2), p< 0.05). Ultimately, CSF a-synuclein was not a useful diagnostic biomarker to differentiate @entity1832 and/or @entity191 (a-synucleinopathies) from @entity195 or SC. In @entity1832 @entity1 maybe lower CSF a-synuclein levels are related to worse cognitive performance.

title: CSF a-synuclein does not discriminate @entity1832 from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['dementia with Lewy bodies', 'DLB']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report an unusual case of neurobrucellosis. METHODS: A 48-year-old @entity1 was admitted to Rafik Hariri University Hospital (RHUH) for progressive @entity132 , @entity393 , and some episodes of chills without documented fever. The neurological examination showed @entity11583 , @entity400 in the legs and mild @entity73 . The physical exam was otherwise normal. RESULTS: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain showed diffuse, bilateral, confluent, subcortical, and periventricular @entity62 . Serum agglutination test (SAT) for Brucella was positive in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The @entity1 was treated with a combination of @entity2756 for one month, and @entity3403 and @entity1215 for one year and his condition stabilized. Literature review was performed. The possible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed. CONCLUSION: Neurobrucellosis is a very rare complication of @entity1 @entity3377 , and can present with a variety of central nervous system symptomatology (CNS) and MRI changes suggestive of @entity62 . Its diagnosis could be challenging and should always be suspected in @entity1 presenting with CNS manifestations and/or diffuse @entity62 visualized on brain MRI, especially in Brucella endemic areas.

title: Neurobrucellosis presenting with @entity393 , XXXX and diffuse @entity62 on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['gait disturbances']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter disease', 'leukoencephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity11583 :: ('MESH:D020234', 'Disease') :: ['gait ataxia']

answer: @entity132 :: (MESH:D010468,Disease) :: ['gait disturbances']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the safety, target inhibition, and signals of clinical activity of @entity8202 in combination with @entity1749 in @entity1 with advanced @entity3052 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In a "3 + 3" design, @entity1 received escalating doses of @entity8202 (days 1-14) and @entity1749 (days 1, 4, 8, 11) every 3 weeks until maximum tolerated dose was reached. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected at days 1, 8, and 22 for measurement of chymotrypsin-like and farnesyltransferase activity. Purified @entity236 were collected at baseline and at day 8 for measurement of NF-kB activity. RESULTS: The combination was well-tolerated, and maximum tolerated dose was not reached. Dose-limiting @entity137 included @entity16 . Chymotrypsin-like and farnesyltransferase activity within PBMCs were decreased in a majority of @entity1 at day 8. NF-kB activity within leukemic blasts was decreased in a majority of @entity1 at day 8. Complete response with incomplete count recovery was observed in 2 @entity1 , and additional 5 @entity1 had stable disease. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8202 and @entity1749 combination in @entity1 with @entity1778 was well-tolerated, demonstrated relevant target inhibition, and was associated with signals of clinical activity in @entity1 with advanced and refractory @entity3052 . Future studies of this combination may be warranted in more selected groups of @entity1 in whom these molecular targets are of particular importance.

title: A phase I clinical-pharmacodynamic study of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor @entity8202 in combination with the proteasome inhibitor @entity1749 in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea, fatigue, and sensorimotor neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity8202 :: ('MESH:C402769', 'Chemical') :: ['tipifarnib', 'Tipifarnib']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemias']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['advanced leukemias']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow leukemic blasts']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Humoral mediators of @entity32 , in particular the complement system, have been described to play an important role in atherogenesis. Previously, we found a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the complement 5 gene (C5 @entity22630 , @entity4866 ) independently associated with @entity64 . Up to now, the impact of C5 @entity22630 on the progression of @entity731 and cardiovascular outcome in @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity731 was unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated C5 @entity22630 in a cohort of 1065 consecutive @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity2998 . All @entity1 were prospectively followed for the progression of @entity2998 and the development of a first major cardiovascular event (MACE), respectively. RESULTS: Three hundred and thirty-seven @entity1 (31  6%) experienced a MACE during a median follow-up of 3  0 years. The homozygous GG genotype of the C5 @entity22630 was significantly associated with adverse cardiovascular outcome (adjusted HR: 1  36 [95% CI, 1  07-1  73]; P = 0  01). After stratification for sex, C5 @entity22630 CC was found to be an independent risk factor for MACE in @entity1 (HR 1  50 [95% CI, 1  12-1  83]). No association of C5 @entity22630 with progression of @entity543 , observed in 93 (8  7%) @entity1 , was detectable. Performance of ELISA indicated a significant association of the C5 @entity22630 variant with C5a plasma levels. CONCLUSION: The C5 @entity22630 GG genotype is associated with increased C5a plasma levels and represents a risk factor for adverse cardiovascular outcome in male @entity1 with @entity2998 .

title: Polymorphism of the complement 5 gene and cardiovascular outcome in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4866 :: ('c|SUB|A||G', 'DNAMutation') :: ['A>G']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: @entity10545 is a @entity5 which is rarely situated in the spine. Five @entity1 with @entity10545 of the lamina treated surgically at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the University of Mainz between november 1990 and january 1992 are reviewed. The combination of @entity158 , painful reactive scoliotic position of the spine or torticollis, hot spot in scintigraphy and nidus in computer tomography is the typical feature of the @entity5 . The average delay between the onset of symptoms and definitive diagnosis was 10 months. In all cases the @entity5 was completely removed. In one case with localization in the axis in a 15 year old @entity1 a laminoplastic was performed. The average follow-up was 16 months. Surgical treatment afforded immediate relief of @entity158 and an early return to full spinal mobility. In case of persisting backache especially in @entity1 or young adults @entity10545 of the spine must be suspected. The scintigraphy represents the most sensitive method of diagnosis in the early stage.

title: [Diagnosis and therapy of XXXX of the vertebral lamina--a literature review and personal experiences].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity10545 :: ('MESH:D010017', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoid-osteoma', 'osteoid-osteoma']

answer: @entity10545 :: (MESH:D010017,Disease) :: ['osteoid osteoma']


abstract: @entity4538 ) causes a c.p.e. characterized by rounding of the infected cell. Since interactions with the extracellular matrix may be involved in the cell rounding, we have analysed the expression of integrins, which are the main cell surface receptors involved in cell-substrate adhesion and spreading. By FACS analysis, a selective decrease in cell surface expression of @entity2393 was observed in HCMV-infected fibroblasts. This decrease coincides with cell rounding. Immunoprecipitation studies and FACS analysis of permeabilized cells have further demonstrated that total levels of this integrin are decreased in infected cells, suggesting that the reduction in cell surface @entity6927 / @entity2393 is not due to a defect in transport to the surface. Furthermore, we have ruled out the possibility that the observed decrease in @entity21820 expression is caused by a cytokine released from the infected cells by showing that the reduction is abolished by inactivating the HCMV with u.v. irradiation, and that conditioned medium from HCMV-infected cells has no effect on expression of @entity2393 in uninfected cells. Concomitant with the reduction in @entity21820 levels, the HCMV-infected fibroblasts show a reduced ability to adhere to laminin and collagen IV. Taken together the data indicate that de novo synthesis of HCMV protein(s) causes a decreased assembly/expression of @entity2393 , coincident with the well characterized morphological alterations of the infected cell.

title: Down-regulation of integrin XXXX /beta 1 expression and association with cell rounding in @entity4538 -infected fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity4538 :: ('10359', 'Species') :: ['Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV']

entities_list: @entity2393 :: ('3688', 'Gene') :: ['beta 1 integrin', 'alpha 1/beta 1 integrin']

answer: @entity6927 :: (146,Gene) :: ['alpha 1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The potential use of probiotics in controlling enteric @entity281 has generated tremendous interest in the last decade. The protective efficacy of seven oral doses of two newly isolated Egyptian probiotic strains; @entity9206 P110 ( @entity9206 ) and @entity1336 P164 ( @entity1336 ) versus @entity1336 @entity6329 ATCC 7469 ( @entity6329 ) - against experimental intestinal @entity8573 - was assessed via parasitological, immunological and histopathological parameters, after verifying their in vivo safety and intestinal colonization. Parasitologically, the highest adult count reduction was observed in @entity1336 -fed infected sub-subgroup (56.98, 65.42 and 69.02%) - on the 5th, 12th and 17th days post infection (P.I.), respectively. @entity353 were recorded in both the @entity6329 -fed infected sub-subgroup (36.19, 23.68 and 31.58%) and @entity9206 -fed infected sub-subgroup (36.50, 11.8 and 7.61%) at the same intervals. On the 28th day post challenge, the highest larval count reduction was in @entity1336 -fed infected sub-subgroup (87.92%). While lower percentage yet still significant were observed in the @entity6329 -fed infected (74.88%) and @entity9206 -fed infected sub-subgroups (60.98%). Immunologically, serum IFN-y levels in the probiotic-fed non infected sub-subgroups were higher than those in the probiotic-fed infected sub-subgroups. Both showed higher levels of IFN-y than the non probiotic-fed sub-subgroups. Histopathologically, intestinal sections of the probiotic-fed infected sub-subgroups showed amelioration of the @entity32 and damage resulting from @entity8416 ( @entity8416 ) infection. Results indicate that, through mechanical and immunological mechanisms, @entity1336 showed parasitological and histopathological protective superiority with respect to both @entity6329 and @entity9206 against murineT. @entity281 .

title: Evaluation of newly isolated probiotics in the protection against experimental intestinal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8416 :: ('6334', 'Species') :: ['Trichinella spiralis', 'T. spiralis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['Lesser percentage reductions']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['spiralis infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity8573 :: ('MESH:D014235', 'Disease') :: ['trichinellosis']

entities_list: @entity9206 :: ('1579', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus acidophilus', 'L. acidophilus']

entities_list: @entity1336 :: ('1590', 'Species') :: ['L. plantarum', 'Lactobacillus', 'Lactobacillus plantarum']

answer: @entity8573 :: (MESH:D014235,Disease) :: ['trichinellosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate @entity4595 detected with thin-section computed tomography (CT) as a potential early finding of chronic lung allograft rejection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty @entity1 were studied at least 6 months after transplantation. Follow-up CT scans were obtained 6-48 months after transplantation and were retrospectively reviewed for evidence and anatomic extent of @entity4595 . Irreversible dysfunction of the lung transplant, called the @entity4154 ( @entity4154 ), was staged according to pulmonary function testing. Pathologic proof of @entity4154 was obtained. RESULTS: @entity4154 occurred in 14 (35%) of the 40 @entity1 . When considering @entity4595 preceding @entity4154 , @entity4595 was a predictor of chronic rejection with a sensitivity of 14%, a specificity of 77%, a positive predictive value of 25%, and a negative predictive value of 63%. @entity4595 appeared concomitantly with @entity4154 in eight (67%) of 12 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of chronic rejection relies on the degree of @entity73 . When the diagnosis is only suspected on the basis of minimal impairment, CT can aid in the diagnosis of rejection by depicting early pulmonary changes.

title: XXXX detected with thin-section CT as a predictor of chronic lung allograft rejection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis obliterans', 'BOS', 'bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of pulmonary function']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchiectasis', 'bronchiectasis']

answer: @entity4595 :: (MESH:D001987,Disease) :: ['Bronchiectasis']


abstract: @entity2457 (C.N.S.) are classified by size, location, and morphologic type, distinguishing @entity8721 , @entity600 , @entity6623 , @entity2758 ( @entity2758 ) including varix of the great vein of Galen, and other @entity1462 (e.g. @entity3932 ). The morphology and predominant location pattern of the different types of @entity1462 in the brain and spinal cord, and their embryology are reviewed. In the brain and its coverings, all types mainly @entity2758 and @entity6623 do occur, representing 5-9% of all intracranial space-occupying lesions and 20-40% of the sources of surgically treated @entity932 . 50-80% of the @entity2695 are located in the cerebral hemispheres, 10-18% in central brain areas (basal ganglia, internal capsule, choroid plexus), and 10-30% in the posterior fossa. The major types of @entity2457 are described with reference to their anatomical features, location, chief arterial and venous supply, and prominent complications. @entity1462 , accounting for 3 to 12% of spinal space-occupying lesions, include @entity2695 which occur as isolated or @entity455 and may involve various covering layers at the same level. The preferential occurrence of @entity2695 on the dorsal surface of the cord and in the caudal regions is related to the embryologic development of spinal vasculature. Frequent association of @entity2695 (20-25%) with other @entity455 and @entity1141 emphasizes their hamartomatous nature and developmental origin. @entity2695 include @entity8721 with extra- or intradural and, rarely, intramedullary location, cavernomas, mainly arising in vertebral bodies, @entity6623 , mainly located in vertebral bodies and in the extradural space, and @entity2758 constituting the commonest type, that may affect both the pial and radicular vessels and can penetrate into the cord. They present as simple AV @entity292 , cirsoid @entity2695 with localized vascular plexuses and large complex convolutions ("juvenile" type). The complications of @entity2695 include @entity510 , rare epidural @entity1410 , @entity7239 , compression lesions of the cord and roots, and @entity63 changes causing chronic progressive radiculomyelopathy, previously referred to as @entity10804 . @entity13092 to the cord and spinal roots results from pressure effects, @entity715 of the abnormal vessels, disorders of @entity1211 , and "steal" phenomena related to the @entity455 .

title: XXXX : a morphological overview.

entities_list: @entity7239 :: ('MESH:D020758', 'Disease') :: ['hematomyelia']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['AVMs', 'arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['capillary telangiectasias']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['complex vascular anomalies', 'vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral, extradural, dural, subpial and intramedullary angiomas', 'spinal angiomas', 'Spinal angiomas', 'angiomas']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3932 :: ('MESH:D013341', 'Disease') :: ['Sturge-Weber syndrome']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous malformations']

entities_list: @entity6623 :: ('MESH:D020787', 'Disease') :: ['venous angiomas']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular malformations of the central nervous system', 'cerebral vascular malformations']

entities_list: @entity10804 :: ('MESH:C537069', 'Disease') :: ['Foix-Alajouanine syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasias']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity13092 :: ('MESH:D001925', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic damage']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous drainage']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformations', 'Spinal vascular malformations']

answer: @entity2457 :: (MESH:D020785,Disease) :: ['Vascular malformations of the central nervous system']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate fetal @entity591 and the efficacy of maternally administered antiarrhythmic agents and the effect of this therapy on delivery and postpartum management. BACKGROUND: Sustained fetal @entity591 is a potentially life-threatening condition in which pharmacologic therapy is reported to be effective. There is ongoing discussion about optimal management. METHODS: A group of 51 @entity1 with M-mode echocardiographically documented fetal @entity591 was studied retrospectively. RESULTS: Thirty-three fetuses had @entity4710 ; 15 had @entity956 ; 1 had two episodes of both; and 2 had @entity1165 . @entity4296 was seen in 22 @entity1 . Thirty-four fetuses received maternal therapy with either digoxin or @entity6237 as the first administered drug (additional drugs were given in 12). Drug treatment was successful in establishing acceptable rhythm control in 82% (84% without, 80% with @entity4 ). In the latter group the median number of drugs and number of days to conversion were higher. Three @entity1 with fetal @entity4 died. In 50% of cases, @entity591 reappeared at delivery: 9 neonates presented with @entity956 with @entity4710 and 1 with @entity1165 . Seventy-eight percent of the group had pharmacologic therapy by 1 month of age and 14% by 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: @entity591 can be treated adequately in the majority of @entity1 , even in the presence of @entity4 , and therefore emergency delivery might not be indicated. Digoxin and @entity6237 were drugs of first choice and produced no serious adverse effects in this series of @entity1 . The majority of @entity1 do not require prolonged therapy.

title: Management outcome and follow-up of fetal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'Fetal tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['flecainide']

entities_list: @entity4296 :: ('MESH:D015160', 'Disease') :: ['Fetal hydrops']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter, 14', 'atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachycardia']


abstract: A total of 285 new cases of primary @entity5 ( @entity558 : 178 cases, 62%) and secondary forms (107 cases, 38%) were detected by CT scan and MRI during a population-based study of the incidence rates of these @entity5 in the Aosta Valley (N.W. Italy: 114,325 residents in 1988) during the period 1986-1991. The @entity558 are discussed in this paper. Histological confirmation was obtained in 60%. Age- and sex-adjusted mean annual incidence rate for all @entity558 was 28.3/100,000 ( @entity1 21.7; @entity1 28.1). The incidence rates by types were 9.7 for @entity1653 ( @entity1 5.3; @entity1 13.9), 9.1 for @entity5 of the neuroepithelial group ( @entity1 10; @entity1 8.1), 3.7 for @entity652 ( @entity1 2.6; @entity1 4.6), and 1.9 for @entity808 ( @entity1 2.9; @entity1 0.9). Incidence rate increased with age. @entity1653 comprised 37% of the @entity558 , followed by @entity5 of the neuroepithelial group (35%), @entity652 (14%, @entity808 (7.3%) and @entity706 (2.3%). The remaining subtypes were 4.6%. Our data showed a clearly higher incidence rate than in previous population-based surveys. The differences were most marked in the @entity1653 group. The extensive use of CT scan and the more intensive case-finding could explain the differences.

title: Epidemiology of primary XXXX in the Valle d'Aosta (Italy) during the 6-year period 1986-1991.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['neurinomas']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial tumors', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['Meningiomas', 'meningiomas', 'meningioma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['intracranial tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7255 ( @entity7255 ) is a common disease in Iran, particularly in Kerman and Bam and Kerman province. @entity3298 resulting from leishmania tropica (dry type) with, or without, cutaneous lesion is rare. Localized leishmanial @entity3298 (LLA) is a specific clinico-pathologic presentation of inflammatory changes caused by leishmanial parasites or antigen within an isolated lymph node without any systemic manifestation. CASE REPORT: A 55-year-old Iranian @entity1 presented with two slow growing large nodules (masses) on the left preauricular and the left cervical areas. The nodules were large, painless, mobile, multilobulated, and associated with a small skin papule on the left-side of the cheek distal to the masses. RESULTS: Histopathologic examination of both the @entity272 and the lymph nodes suggested the leishmanial etiology of skin papule and @entity3298 . The Leishman-bodies (amastigotes) were demonstrated in two lymph nodes and a @entity272 . The clinical picture plus pathological finding and the response to @entity1559 -antimoniate confirmed LLA. CONCLUSION: Lymph node involvement is another rare manifestation of dissemination of infection with dermotropic leishmania. This presentation of @entity7255 should not be treated with the ordinary local treatments such as curettage, cryotherapy or surgical excision.

title: Dry type leishmanial XXXX presented as two large parotid and cervical masses.

entities_list: @entity7255 :: ('MESH:D018366', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneous leishmanisis', 'CL']

entities_list: @entity1559 :: ('MESH:D008536', 'Chemical') :: ['meglumine']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesion']

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphadenitis', 'lymphadenitis']

answer: @entity3298 :: (MESH:D008199,Disease) :: ['lymphadenitis']


abstract: The medical care received by an unselected population of @entity1 with @entity302 identified from the lists of 119 general practitioners in the UK was evaluated and compared with established standards. The study was carried out by questionnaire distributed to the @entity1 and their general practitioners. Information was collected about hospital referral patterns, the doctor responsible for follow-up, investigations performed, attendances at Accident and Emergency (A_E) departments, hospital admissions, medication, and the information supplied to @entity1 . Eighty-one per cent of @entity1 had been referred to a hospital outpatient clinic, and 28% were under continuing hospital follow-up. Only 6% had been seen in a specialist @entity302 clinic. The majority had had an electroencephalogram (EEG), but less than half a CT scan. Forty-three per cent had attended an A_E department on account of @entity302 , and 47% had required hospital admission. Sixty-five per cent of @entity1 were on monotherapy, mostly @entity3174 , @entity2049 or @entity1092 : a significant proportion also took @entity109 . Except for the issues of free prescriptions and driving, @entity1 could remember being given little information about @entity302 , and this was the most common source of dissatisfaction. The study suggests many accepted recommendations about the care of @entity1 with @entity302 are not followed, with hospital referral patterns, a shortage of specialists @entity302 clinics, and lack of @entity1 information being areas of concern.

title: The nature of XXXX in the general population. II. Medical care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium valproate']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbitone']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: This pilot study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of the @entity136 / @entity1206 combination in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 who had failed @entity900 -based first-line chemotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had refractory or resistant @entity1149 , WHO performance status 0-2, adequate hematologic parameters and normal hepatic, @entity8 . @entity136 (1200 mg/m2) was administered on days 1, 8 and 15; @entity1206 (25 mg/m2) was administered on days 1 and 8, every 4 weeks until @entity1 experienced disease progression. RESULTS: From September 1997 to March 1998, 16 @entity1 were enrolled (six: stage IIIB: ten: stage IV). All 16 @entity1 were assessable for @entity137 and evaluated for response. One complete (6.25%) response and no partial responses were observed. Median survival was 25 weeks (95% CI 19-30). A median of 3.31 courses per @entity1 was administered, and the median interval between courses was 28 days. The median delivered dose was 664.85 mg/m2 per week of @entity136 and 10.71 mg/m2 per week of @entity1206 , corresponding to a relative dose intensity of 0.73 and 0.85, respectively. Grade 2/3 @entity882 occurred in 13 (24.52%) of 53 courses administered. Neutropenia Grade 2/3 occurred in 14 courses (26.41%). There were seven (13.20%) episodes of fever related to the drug administration. Mild asthenia was observed in six (37.5%) @entity1 . Other @entity137 were mild to moderate. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that this @entity136 / @entity1206 combination is not an active salvage regimen in @entity1 with refractory @entity1149 . The combination merits further evaluation with modified regimens.

title: Second-line treatment with @entity136 and @entity1206 in XXXX ( @entity1149 ) @entity900 failures: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal and cardiac function']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: ISSUE ADDRESSED: There is increasing evidence of unacceptably high levels of cervical @entity5 in Vanuatu. The purpose of this research was to determine cervical health awareness in local @entity1 from rural and urban environments. METHODS: @entity1 from hospitals, health clinics and small local villages were invited to participate in a health survey. This investigated health knowledge, current information sources and perceived limitations in accessing health information. RESULTS: A total of 422 surveys were undertaken, a response rate of 93% in urban centres and 95% in rural areas. There was a direct relationship between the number of school years completed and awareness of @entity5 . Nurses, doctors and village health workers all played a vital role in providing @entity1 's health care information. General embarrassment and a lack of knowledge were the greatest limitations reported to affect the ability and confidence for @entity1 to investigate health concerns. CONCLUSIONS: Vanuatu @entity1 are poorly educated regarding health issues, particularly @entity5 . Strategies to improve @entity5 awareness may include travelling workshops, an active media campaign and the introduction of culturally sensitive education programs tailored to formal and non-formal environments. Programs should inform whole communities and health care professionals.

title: Knowledge and perceptions of XXXX and healthcare in Vanuatu.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer', 'cancer abnormalities']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: Bone microarchitecture can be studied noninvasively using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). However, this technique is not widely available, so more simple techniques may be useful. BMA is a new 2D high-resolution digital X-ray device, allowing for bone texture analysis with a fractal parameter (H(mean)). The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate the reproducibility of BMA at two novel sites (radius and tibia) in addition to the conventional site ( @entity8546 ), (2) to compare the results obtained with BMA at all of those sites, and (3) to study the relationship between H(mean) and trabecular microarchitecture measured with an in vivo 3D device (HR-pQCT) at the distal tibia and radius. BMA measurements were performed at three sites ( @entity8546 , distal tibia, and radius) in 14 healthy volunteers to measure the short-term reproducibility and in a group of 77 @entity1 with @entity740 to compare BMA results to HR-pQCT results. The @entity498 (mean) was 1.2, 2.1, and 4.7% at the @entity8546 , radius, and tibia, respectively. We found significant associations between trabecular volumetric bone mineral density and microarchitectural variables measured by HR-pQCT and H(mean) at the three sites (e.g., Pearson correlation between radial trabecular number and radial H(mean) r = 0.472, P < 0.001). This study demonstrated a significant but moderate relationship between 2D bone texture and 3D trabecular microarchitecture. BMA is a new reproducible technique with few technical constraints. Thus, it may represent an interesting tool for evaluating bone structure, in association with biological parameters and DXA.

title: Assessment of bone XXXX : a comparison of 2D bone texture analysis and high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography at the radius and tibia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8546 :: ('MESH:C566069', 'Disease') :: ['calcaneus']

entities_list: @entity498 :: ('MESH:C538322', 'Disease') :: ['coefficient of variation of H']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['microarchitecture in chronic kidney disease']


abstract: The expression of the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSP) molecular complex in six @entity1 @entity320 xenograft lines (BEX-t, COX-t, HUX-t, @entity6534 -t, SAX-t, WIX-t) was studied by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry using the monoclonal antibodies 9.2.27, ME31.3, G7A5, and NKI.M6. The two methods and the four antibodies gave consistent results. The six @entity320 lines could be divided into three distinct groups of two lines each; expression was high in the HUX-t and @entity6534 -t lines and intermediate in the BEX-t and SAX-t lines, whereas the COX-t and WIX-t lines were negative. The mean number of epitopes per cell for 9.2.27 was approximately twice as high as for ME31.3, G7A5, and NKI.M6 and was estimated to range from 0.8 +/- 0.1 x 10(5) to 1.9 +/- 0.2 x 10(5) in the positive xenograft lines. The expression of the CSP complex was heterogeneous. The immunofluorescence histograms measured by flow cytometry were therefore broad for all @entity5 lines. A significant fraction of the HUX-t cells was negative or weakly stained. These cells appeared as clear negative patches in the immunohistochemical preparations. Moreover, most morphologically intact @entity5 cells adjacent to @entity39 areas did not show significant expression of the CSP complex, irrespective of @entity5 line. These cells were probably @entity519 and thus resistant to radiation therapy. The expression of the CSP complex in the xenograft lines was similar to that reported for @entity320 in @entity1 .

title: Expression of the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan molecular complex in six @entity1 XXXX xenograft lines studied by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: Rolipram (0.1-1000 micrograms kg-1, i.v.) reduced the increase in microvascular permeability induced by platelet-activating factor (PAF; 50 ng kg-1, i.v.) at different sites of the @entity840 airways. @entity7428 (1-100 micrograms kg-1, i.v.) inhibited @entity112 (30 micrograms kg-1, i.v.)- and @entity1812 (0.3 micrograms kg-1, i.v.)-induced airway microvascular leakage. These effects of @entity7428 were obtained at doses which inhibit @entity112 (7-20 micrograms kg-1 min-1)-induced bronchoconstriction (IC50 = 3 +/- 1 micrograms kg-1, i.v.) without @entity308 arterial blood pressure in the @entity840 . @entity3416 (50 mg kg-1) did not change the effect of PAF. The anti-exudative effect of rolipram is of potential therapeutic value in @entity565 .

title: Rolipram inhibits airway microvascular leakage induced by platelet-activating factor, XXXX and @entity1812 in @entity840 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressing']

entities_list: @entity3416 :: ('MESH:D000628', 'Chemical') :: ['Aminophylline']

entities_list: @entity7428 :: ('MESH:D020889', 'Chemical') :: ['Rolipram', 'rolipram']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['histamine']


abstract: High doses of @entity2592 ( @entity2592 ) were administered by continuous infusion to 24 @entity1 with @entity3052 in relapse or blast phase of @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ). @entity2592 was infused at a dose rate of 250 mg/M2/hr for 36 to 72 hr. The major @entity137 were myelosuppression, @entity294 , and @entity490 . Other @entity137 included @entity3126 , @entity2359 , and @entity409 . The @entity344 was dose-limiting and a phase II dose was established at 250 mg/M2/hr for 60-72 hr. Four @entity1 treated with this dose schedule had objective responses. Two @entity1 with @entity1860 in blast phase returned to chronic phase and have remained stable without maintenance therapy for 12 and 18 months. Two @entity1 with @entity3052 in relapse entered complete remissions which continued unmaintained for 4 and 6 months. Steady-state plasma ara-C levels ranged between 7 and 24 x 10(-6) M, while ara-U levels were as high as 4.5 x 10(-4) M. There was no detectable accumulation of ara-C or ara-U during the infusion period. These findings would suggest that the continuous infusion of high dose ara-C may be useful in the treatment of @entity3052 and @entity1860 in @entity9638 .

title: Prolonged high dose ARA-C infusions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver function abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity9638 :: ('MESH:D001752', 'Disease') :: ['blast crisis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside', 'ara-C', 'Ara-C']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Serotonergic system contributes to the regulation of @entity774 . In @entity1 , serotonergic agonists increase PRL, ACTH, and @entity701 , while @entity750 (5HT) influence on GH is controversial. Central 5HT activity and neuroendocrine function change during lifespan. DESIGN: To clarify the neuroendocrine response to @entity750 across lifespan, we assessed ACTH, @entity701 , @entity2494 , PRL, and GH responses to @entity837 (CT) in young adults (YA) (no.=12, 29.2  1.7 yr mean  SEM), middle aged (MA) (no.=12, 54.3  0.9 yr), and elderly (ES) (no.=12, 69.3  0.9 yr) males. All the subjects received placebo (saline iv over 120 min) or CT (20 mg iv over 120 min). Blood samples were taken every 15 min up to 240 min. RESULTS: During placebo, ACTH, @entity701 , GH, and PRL were similar in all groups while @entity2494 showed an age-dependent reduction from middle age (p<0.001). During CT, ACTH, and @entity701 were higher than during placebo in YA (p<0.05) and even more in MA (p<0.01 vs placebo, p<0.05 vs YA); in ES, the increase of both ACTH and @entity701 (p<0.05 vs placebo) was lower than in MA (p<0.05) and higher than in YA (p<0.05 for @entity701 only). No changes were observed for @entity2494 , GH, and PRL in any group. CONCLUSIONS: Corticotrope response to CT is age-dependent in normal @entity1 , being amplified starting from middle age, suggesting precocious changes in the serotonergic neuroendocrine control during lifespan. CT is a useful tool to evaluate the age-dependent serotonergic function in @entity1 .

title: Neuroendocrine effects of @entity837 , a selective XXXX re-uptake inhibitor, during lifespan in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5HT', 'serotonin']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: Solitary involvement of the pancreas in @entity1 with @entity320 is rare and the role of surgery in these @entity1 is not defined. We present a @entity1 with prolonged survival following aggressive surgical management for a solitary metastatic lesion within the pancreas. A 69-year-old male presented with a 10-day history of @entity1087 . His past medical history included a wide local excision for a @entity320 , and subsequent loco-regional recurrence requiring lymph node dissection. Imaging on presentation showed a solitary mass in the head of the pancreas, with no signs of @entity3 . The @entity1 underwent a pancreato-duodenectomy. Histology reported a metastatic @entity320 with clear excision margins. There was no nodal involvement and he remained disease-free eight years later. The survival of @entity1 seems to be affected by the ability to perform a curative resection, and by a long disease-free interval between the treatment of the @entity75 and disease recurrence. Curative surgical resection should be offered to selected @entity1 with a solitary pancreatic @entity320 @entity3 . Such aggressive management may lead to prolonged, and disease-free survival.

title: Prolonged survival after the surgical management of a solitary XXXX within the pancreas: A case report of curative resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['painless jaundice']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['initial lesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['superficial spreading melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma lesion']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity82 is the result of the abnormal accumulation of the extracellular matrix and ineffective clearance of @entity3385 . CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are immunosuppressive lymphocytes that are highly expressed in the fibrotic tissues and peripheral blood of @entity1 with @entity82 or @entity157 . The role of Tregs in the progression of @entity1575 is not well understood. Our experiments reveal that abundant of Tregs was scattered around sites of @entity3385 . Conversely, the depletion of Tregs promoted the resolution of @entity1575 . As a consequence of Tregs depletion, the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) was altered; @entity1235 and @entity5779 were reduced, whereas @entity5780 and @entity5781 were enhanced. The @entity1235 / @entity5779 , @entity5782 / @entity5779 , and @entity5781 / @entity5783 ratios were significantly increased in association with @entity82 resolution. Kupffer cells (KCs) are the main source of MMP. We observed that when KCs were cocultured with Tregs, the Tregs were able to inhibit MMP expression of KCs even at a low ratio; and @entity641 ( @entity641 ) significantly reversed the inhibition of Tregs on MMP. Meanwhile, we also found that after Tregs depletion, @entity641 levels decreased in the @entity19 liver, unlike in @entity82 . Furthermore, double depletion of both KCs and Tregs did not cause fiber resolution in @entity19 . Thus, our results demonstrate that the persistence of @entity1575 is maintained by increased Tregs in the sites of @entity3385 and the subsequent regulation of the MMP/ @entity5779 balance and that the suppression of KC-mediated MMP expression contributed to the regulatory process.

title: Persistence of @entity82 is maintained by intrahepatic regulatory T cells that inhibit XXXX resolution by regulating the balance of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases and matrix metalloproteinases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity641 :: ('21803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b', 'anti-transforming growth factor-b']

entities_list: @entity3385 :: ('MESH:D012178', 'Disease') :: ['fibroplasia']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis', 'liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: The results of an open randomised study on the efficacy of @entity2400 therapy in @entity15645 @entity4968 are presented. One hundred and fifty five @entity1 divided in three groups and matched for age, sex, dose, duration and severity of @entity4968 constituted the subject matter. Significant @entity1272 was observed in @entity1 who did not receive @entity2400 (group 1). Two dose schedules of @entity2400 therapy were tried. The dose schedule No.1 given to @entity1 of group 2 did not raise the @entity1760 levels significantly as compared to controls (group 4). The difference in the mortality between groups 1 _ 2 was also not significant. On the other hand, the dose schedule No.2 given to @entity1 of group 3 raised the @entity1760 levels significantly and these remained above normal limits throughout the observed period. This dose schedule brought down the mortality significantly than dose schedule No.1 (p < 0.001). It was also found that dose schedule No.2 has been effective in reducing the mortality irrespective of dose of pesticide consumed and its efficacy was due to rapid rise in @entity1760 levels. It is suggested that @entity1272 might be responsible for high mortality of @entity1 of @entity15645 @entity4968 and its correction has beneficial effect on the management and ultimate favourable outcome of the illness.

title: Efficacy of @entity2400 in XXXX @entity4968 --comparison of two different dose schedules.

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity2400 :: ('CHEBI:32599', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulphate', 'MgSO4']

entities_list: @entity15645 :: ('CHEBI:38495', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminium phosphide']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity15645 :: (CHEBI:38495,Chemical) :: ['aluminium phosphide']


abstract: To define the sensitivity, specificity and predictive accuracy of two-dimensional echocardiographic detection of @entity1002 , the echocardiograms of 78 @entity1 who had independent proof of the presence or absence of a @entity1002 were interpreted without knowledge of any clinical data. The presence of @entity715 was established by autopsy in four @entity1 , by aneurysmectomy in three, and by @entity4343 -111 platelet imaging in 15; the absence of @entity715 was proved by autopsy in 55 @entity1 and by aneurysmectomy in one @entity1 . The characteristics of true-positive and false-positive echocardiograms, interobserver variability, and clinical features associated with proved @entity715 were also defined. The echocardiogram was positive for @entity715 in 22 @entity1 , equivocal in seven and negative in 49. For detection of @entity715 , a positive or equivocal echocardiogram had a sensitivity of 95% (21 of 22), a specificity of 86% (48 of 56), and a predictive value of 72% (21 of 29); the predictive value of a negative study was 98% (48 of 49). Considering positive and equivocal studies separately, the predictive value of a positive study was 86% (19 of 22), while that of an equivocal study was only 29% (two of seven). Compared with @entity1 who had no @entity715 , @entity1 with proved @entity715 had a higher prevalence of electrocardiographic transmural anterior @entity1188 (86% vs 13%), @entity1002 (73% vs 5%), and clinical systemic @entity999 (36% vs 7%) (all p less than 0.05). These clinical features help to identify a subset of @entity1 most likely to have left ventricular thrombi who may benefit from echocardiography. Two-dimensional echocardiography is highly sensitive in detecting @entity1002 , but false-positive studies are relatively common. Several echocardiographic criteria derived from analysis of the true and false positives in this study may help minimize diagnostic errors.

title: Detection of XXXX by two-dimensional echocardiography: sensitivity, specificity, and causes of uncertainty.

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular aneurysm', 'left ventricular thrombus']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular thrombus']


abstract: @entity6579 (LysoPC) is an important intermediate in degradation and biosynthesis of @entity2434 (PC). Reduced plasma LysoPC levels observed in @entity1 with @entity5 indicate a deregulation of LysoPC metabolism in @entity3 . Recent data showed strong antimetastatic effects of liposomes consisting of saturated PC in a @entity19 pancreatic @entity3 model. LysoPC, generated from saturated PC after accumulation of the liposomes in @entity5 tissue, might be contributing to these effects. Examining effects of high local concentrations of saturated LysoPC and investigating potential molecular mechanisms, fast removal of saturated LysoPC from medium by @entity19 @entity19 @entity320 cells and radical shifts in @entity5 cell membrane @entity844 (FA) composition toward saturated FAs were observed in vitro. Scanning electron microscopy revealed remarkable morphologic surface changes of LysoPC-treated @entity5 cells, probably causing their impaired migratory ability on fibronectin. A LysoPC concentration exceeding a threshold of about 400  mol/L, slightly above physiologic levels, strongly reduced VLA-4-mediated binding of @entity19 cells to @entity6580 as well as P-selectin-dependent interaction with activated platelets, although expression levels were not altered. These findings were reflected in a syngenic intravenous lung invasion model using repeatedly ex vivo LysoPC-treated (450  mol/L) B16.F10 cells, resulting in significantly reduced lung @entity3 -like lesions (-48.3%, P = 0.006). Prior application of 50 IU unfractionated heparin further reduced lung invasion (-81.6%, P = 0.043). Our work shows for the first time that saturated LysoPC in high concentrations reduces @entity320 cell adhesion in vitro and hematogeneous dissemination in vivo by direct ex vivo @entity5 cell targeting.

title: @entity6579 pretreatment reduces VLA-4 and P-Selectin-mediated XXXX @entity320 cell adhesion in vitro and inhibits @entity3 -like lung invasion in vivo.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['Lysophosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['b16.f10']


abstract: Studies of sensory function following cortical lesions have often included lesions which multiple cortical, white matter, and thalamic structures. We now test the hypothesis that lesions anatomically constrained to particular insular and parietal structures and their subjacent white matter are associated with different patterns of sensory loss. Sensory loss was measured by quantitative sensory testing (QST), and evaluated statistically within @entity1 relative to normal values. All seven subjects with insular and/or parietal lesions demonstrated @entity1183 , although the etiology of the lesions was heterogeneous. Cold and @entity6167 were only found in the subject with the most extensive @entity75 , which occurred in utero. @entity1931 occurred clinically and by thresholds in two subjects with @entity63 lesions of the posterior insular/retroinsular cortex, and by thresholds in two subjects with a lesion of parietal cortex with little or no insular involvement. Central @entity158 occurred in the two subjects with clinical allodynia secondary to isolated lesions of the posterior insular/retroinsular cortex, which spared the anterior and posterior parietal cortex. These results suggest that nonpainful @entity1109 are jointly mediated by parietal and insular cortical structures so that lesions anywhere in this system may diminish sensitivity. In contrast, thermal @entity158 is more robust requiring larger cortical lesions of these same structures to produce hypoalgesia. In addition, cold allodynia can result from restricted lesions that also produce @entity1183 , but not from all such lesions.

title: Altered XXXX in subjects with isolated @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['thermal hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['Cold allodynia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['isolated ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['parietal and insular lesion']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['cold and heat sensations']

entities_list: @entity6167 :: ('MESH:D018883', 'Disease') :: ['heat hypoalgesia']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain and thermal sensation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increased duration of paced right ventricular (RV) electrograms in @entity1121 has been shown in 37 @entity1 to correlate with the risk of @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ). The changes in electrogram duration with pacing stimulus prematurity discriminated @entity1 into three groups: @entity2224 survivors, an intermediate group with either @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) on ambulatory monitoring or a @entity18892 ( @entity18892 ), and those with none of these risk factors (noRF) for @entity944 ( @entity944 ). The consistency of these original groups has been tested prospectively in a further 64 @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Of 64 @entity1 with @entity1121 , 3 had documented @entity2224 , 1 had witnessed @entity944 and is assumed to have had @entity2224 , 25 had @entity1165 , 21 had @entity18892 , and 14 had noRF. Nineteen @entity1 had @entity1163 . They were studied by pacing one RV site with a decremental sequence and recording high-pass filtered electrograms from three other RV sites. The delay of each fractionated potential in the electrogram was determined relative to a pacing stimulus of increasing prematurity. These measurements were repeated by pacing each ventricular site in turn. The electrograms were characterized by two parameters: the extrastimulus coupling interval (S1S2) at which delay increased by more than 0.75 ms/20 ms decrease in S1S2 interval and the change in electrogram duration between an S1S2 of 350 ms and ventricular effective refractory period. The 4 @entity2224 @entity1 had a mean increase in electrogram duration of 16.1 ms and an increase in delay at a mean S1S2 of 368 ms. Three @entity2224 @entity1 were within the original @entity2224 group, while only 6 of 60 non- @entity2224 @entity1 were within this group, discriminating between @entity2224 @entity1 and the remainder (P < .007). The 14 noRF @entity1 had a mean change in electrogram duration of 4.5 ms and an increase in delay at a mean S1S2 of 301 ms. Eleven @entity1 were within the original noRF group, and only 8 of the remaining 50 @entity1 also were within the noRF group, discriminating between the noRF @entity1 and the remainder (P < .0005). Most of the @entity1165 and @entity18892 @entity1 were between the original @entity2224 and noRF groups, with 5 of 25 @entity1165 and 1 of 31 @entity18892 @entity1 in the original @entity2224 group. There was no relation between @entity1163 and electrophysiological characteristics. Programmed electrical stimulation (PES) was performed in the first 15 @entity1 of this study. Of the total 52 @entity1 from the original and current studies, PES identified 2 out of 6 @entity2224 @entity1 , and there was no correlation between @entity2224 inducibility and @entity18893 . CONCLUSIONS: These data are consistent with the original @entity2224 and noRF groups. Most @entity1 with @entity18892 or @entity1165 were between these groups. Pooled data from the original and current groups (n = 101) allow definition of a new @entity2224 group, which includes all @entity1 with @entity2224 (n = 9), 8 of 30 @entity1 with VT, and 3 of 31 @entity1 with @entity18892 . This new group may be used as a criterion for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation in a prospective trial of the technique for the prediction of @entity944 .

title: The significance of paced electrogram fractionation in XXXX . A prospective study.

entities_list: @entity18893 :: ('MESH:C535853', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular conduction delay']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['NSVT', 'non-sustained ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity18892 :: ('MESH:C566172', 'Disease') :: ['family history of sudden death', 'FHSD']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 50 Background: Racial and ethnic disparities in the quality of @entity5 treatment are widely documented. The purpose of this study was to examine adjusted differences by race/ethnicity in the odds of reporting @entity158 and differences in @entity158 severity. METHODS: This study used data from Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium (CanCORS), a nationally representative cohort study of @entity14 @entity1 . @entity1 were identified following incident @entity14 diagnosis via rapid case ascertainment. Surveys were administered between three and five months following diagnosis. @entity158 was assessed via @entity1 self-report using the Brief @entity158 Inventory. Control variables included sex, age, education, wealth, fatalism, marital status, survey language, self-reported health status, @entity308 , @entity5 stage, and care at a Veterans Administration (VA) facility. Each control variable was first individually assessed as a potential mediator in the relationship between race/ethnicity and @entity158 severity. Final models were fully adjusted with all control variables. RESULTS: Among 3,216 individuals with @entity14 (16.4% black), 40% reported @entity158 ; among 2,545 with @entity2 (12% black), 57% reported @entity158 . The odds of reporting @entity158 did not differ by race/ethnicity in lung or @entity14 @entity1 in adjusted analyses. None of the included covariates significantly mediated this relationship. However, among those reporting @entity158 , @entity158 severity was higher for black relative to white @entity1 in both lung (p=0.002) and @entity14 (p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS: The odds of reporting presence of @entity158 did not differ by race/ethnicity. However, among those reporting @entity158 , blacks reported higher @entity158 severity than whites in both @entity5 , even after adjusting for @entity1 and health status characteristics. Differential @entity158 severity by race/ethnicity, particularly for black @entity1 , may be an important consideration in assessing the quality of @entity5 management.

title: How is race/ethnicity associated with XXXX reporting of @entity5 in recently diagnosed @entity14 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer types', 'cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal and lung cancer', 'colorectal or lung cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity1 immunoglobulin attenuates the toxic effects of @entity794 culture supernatant in a @entity95 model of @entity3225 . METHODS: Immunoglobulin binding to products of @entity23285 was tested by Western blot analysis using known toxins (beta-hemolysin and @entity137 toxin-1) and a concentrated culture supernatant containing @entity794 exotoxins (pooled toxin). To induce @entity3225 , pooled toxin was injected into the @entity95 vitreous. For immunoglobulin treatment, immunoglobulin and pooled toxin were either mixed and injected simultaneously or immunoglobulin was injected immediately after or 6 hours after pooled toxin injection. Severity of @entity3225 was graded according to a 9-day course with clinical examination (slitlamp biomicroscopy or indirect ophthalmoscopy) and evaluation of histologic sections. RESULTS: The toxic effects of pooled toxin were markedly reduced when immunoglobulin was mixed with pooled toxin and injected simultaneously. Delayed injection of immunoglobulin diminished its ability to reduce @entity137 . Clinical and histologic signs of @entity137 were partially attenuated when immunoglobulin was injected immediately after pooled toxin, but only minimal clinically detectable reductions in @entity137 were observed when immunoglobulin injection was delayed for 6 hours. CONCLUSION: Pooled @entity1 immunoglobulin can attenuate the toxic intravitreal effects of a concentrated culture supernatant containing @entity794 exotoxins. Clinical Relevance Immunoglobulin may represent a novel adjuvant in the treatment of @entity3225 . To optimize the potential therapeutic benefit, maximizing the mixture of immunoglobulin with bacterial products and early intervention are likely to be important.

title: Intravitreally injected @entity1 immunoglobulin attenuates the effects of XXXX culture supernatant in a @entity95 model of toxin-mediated @entity3225 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxic shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S aureus']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial endophthalmitis', 'endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: A group of 67 homozygous beta thalassemic @entity1 was investigated for disturbances related to their lower limbs. Thirty-six @entity1 presented a variety of complaints. Four distinct types of @entity158 were found. Ischemic crampy muscle @entity158 in 12 @entity1 . Postural pulsating @entity158 after activity or prolonged standing was described by 18 @entity1 . High intraosseous pressure was found in a significant number of these @entity1 . Post transfusion @entity5437 producing @entity603 was diagnosed in 2 @entity1 . Four additional @entity1 presented acute self-limiting episodes of @entity158 . This @entity158 was probably due to microfractures. Some @entity1 presented a combination of various @entity158 patterns.

title: Lower limb XXXX in thalassemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity5437 :: ('MESH:D006486', 'Disease') :: ['hemosiderosis']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the @entity551 and antiarrhythmic effect of @entity855 ( @entity855 ) and its impact on @entity101 crises and @entity299 resulting from surgery to remove @entity1911 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A prospective study of 7 @entity1 with pheocromocytoma who were scheduled for unilateral (4) or bilateral (3) suprarenalectomy prior to treatment with @entity5333 and @entity1169 . The anesthetic procedure was the same for all @entity1 , as was monitoring: ECG, digital pulse oximetry, capnography, direct recording of arterial pressure by a catheter in the left radial artery and a Swan-Ganz fiber optic catheter in the pulmonary artery to measure pulmonary pressures and mixed venous @entity26 saturation. Minute volume was measured by thermodilution. Blood @entity413 levels and urine excreted through a catheter were recorded hourly during surgery. During surgery, when arterial pressure had risen 20% above baseline level, i.v. infusion of @entity855 0.5 mg/kg/min was begun and adjusted up or down depending on @entity1 response. Infusion was stopped when the suprarenal vein had been tied. Hemodynamic analysis was performed during 4 phases: 1) start of surgery; 2) during manipulation of the @entity5 ; 3) after excision, and 4) after surgery. Hemodynamic and metabolic variables were recorded, as were @entity855 doses and requirements for vasopressors and antiarrhythmic drugs. RESULTS: We found the following changes between phase 1 and phase 2, coinciding with @entity855 infusion: systemic arterial pressure increased 22.2%, heart rate increased 28.04% (with no cardiac @entity943 observed in any @entity1 ), pulmonary artery pressure rose 25.35%, pulmonary capillary pressure rose 22.17%, cardiac index rose 108% while systemic vascular resistance decreased 55.82% and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased 33.96%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ @entity855 in the peroperative management of @entity101 crises and @entity299 in the surgical treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart rhythm abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['pheochromocytoma']


abstract: The state of axillary lymph nodes represents the most important prognostic parameter in @entity1 with @entity0 . The biopsy and examination of sentinel lymph nodes, the former one containing @entity3 originating in @entity189 , allows a better stadialization of the @entity5 but also the avoiding of the extirpation of the axilla, associated with a series of complications and high costs of hospitalization. In establishing the tumoral prognosis, not only the diameter but also the localization of the @entity3 in the lymph nodes is utterly important. The evaluation of the @entity3 was carried out through the serial examination of the sentinel lymph node correlated to immunohistochemical examinations with @entity1325 / @entity1326 . Of the 570 @entity1 with @entity0 evaluated in this research, 250 had macrometastases, 93 micrometastases, only 23 had @entity5 cells, and in the case of 204 no @entity3 were found. The technique of computerized cytomorphometry allowed a better evaluation of the diameter and localization of the @entity3 in the lymph nodes than the examination through optical microscope. The tumoral prognosis in the case of @entity1 with macrometastases is poorer than that of @entity1 with micrometastases. The @entity1 in whom only the presence of isolated tumoral cells was demonstrated have a similar prognosis with those who do not have @entity3 . As far as the localization of micrometastases in the sentinel lymph nodes is concerned, those with a subcapsular localization are associated with a poorer prognosis than those with an intraparenchymatous localization. As well as this, the subcapsular localization of micrometastases was also associated with the diameter of the @entity5 extending between 2-5 centimeters, a high microscopic grade, the presence of @entity455 and microscopic type of the @entity5 associated with poor prognosis. On the other hand, the presence of isolated tumoral cells was associated with @entity5 of a small diameter lacking the presence of @entity455 and with a low microscopic grade. All these data are essential in establishing the therapeutic management of the @entity1 with @entity0 ; consequently, we recommend their inclusion in future stadializations of this lesion and the evaluation of tumoral prognosis.

title: The evaluation of the sentinel lymph nodes status in XXXX using microscopic, immunohistochemical and cytomorphometric methods in order to establish new stadializations and therapeutic schemes.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['lymph vascular emboli']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'isolated tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of alteplase double-bolus dosing compared with the front-loaded 90-minute infusion regimen in @entity1 with @entity583 . Recent pilot studies have suggested that bolus dosing may provide improved efficacy in establishing early, complete, and sustained patency of the @entity1188 in the thrombolytic treatment of @entity583 . METHODS AND RESULTS: In this multicenter, randomized, open-label trial, 461 @entity1 with @entity583 received 100 mg alteplase as a front-loaded 90-minute infusion (15 mg bolus, then 50 mg over a 30-minute period, then 35 mg over a 60-minute period) or double bolus (two 50 mg bolus injections 30 minutes apart). All @entity1 also received intravenous heparin and oral @entity117 during and after alteplase treatment. The 90-minute angiographic patency rates were 74.5% in the double-bolus group and 81.4% in the infusion group (p = 0.08). Patency rates were also comparable for the two groups at 60 minutes (76.8% vs 77.5%) and 24 hours (95.5% vs 93.5%) after initiation of treatment. In-hospital mortality rates were 4.5% in the bolus group and 1.3% in the infusion group (p = 0.04); 30-day mortality rates were 4.5% and 1.7%, respectively (p = NS). The two-groups were comparable in frequency of all other adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Double-bolus alteplase administration produced reperfusion rates comparable to front-loaded infusion, but in-hospital and 30-day mortality rates were higher in the double-bolus group. These findings are in agreement with those of the COBALT megatrial, which also reported a trend to higher mortality rates with double-bolus dosing.

title: An angiographic assessment of alteplase: double-bolus and front-loaded infusion regimens in XXXX . DouBLE Study Investigators. Double Bolus Lysis Efficacy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Incidence of and mortality from @entity65 have been studied in a cohort of 12,210 workers first employed at one of the main plants of the Mayak nuclear facility during 1948-1958 and followed up to 31 December 2000. Information on external gamma-ray doses is available for virtually all of these workers (99.9%); the mean total gamma-ray dose (+/-SD) was 0.91 +/- 0.95 Gy (99% percentile 3.9 Gy) for @entity1 and 0.65 +/- 0.75 Gy (99% percentile 2.99 Gy) for @entity1 . In contrast, @entity16878 body burden was measured for only 30.0% of workers; among those monitored, the mean cumulative liver dose from plutonium alpha exposure (+/- SD) was 0.40 +/- 1.15 Gy (99% percentile 5.88 Gy) for @entity1 and 0.81 +/- 4.60 Gy (99% percentile 15.95 Gy) for @entity1 . A total of 3751 cases of @entity741 ( @entity741 ), including 683 cases of @entity583 ( @entity583 ), and 1495 @entity741 deaths, including 338 @entity583 , were identified in the study cohort during the follow-up period. Having adjusted for non-radiation factors, there were statistically significant increasing trends with both total external gamma-ray dose and internal liver dose in @entity741 incidence. The trend with internal dose was weaker and was not statistically significant after adjusting for external dose, whereas the external dose trend was little changed after adjusting for internal dose. The trend with external dose in @entity741 mortality was not statistically significantly greater than zero but was consistent with the corresponding trend in @entity741 incidence. The estimated trend in @entity741 mortality with internal dose was lower and was not statistically significant once adjustment was made for external dose. There was a statistically significantly increasing trend in @entity583 incidence but not @entity583 incidence with external dose. The risk estimates for @entity741 in relation to external radiation are generally compatible with those from other large occupational studies and the Japanese @entity1129 .

title: XXXX in the cohort of workers first employed at Mayak PA in 1948-1958.

entities_list: @entity16878 :: ('MESH:D011005', 'Chemical') :: ['plutonium']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['IHD', 'ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['A-bomb survivors']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction', 'AMI deaths']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2812 (LTG) is a widely used antiepileptic-drug (AED) for the treatment of @entity302 . We investigated the effect of AED comedication on LTG clearance in Korean @entity1 with @entity302 . METHODS: The authors reviewed the medical charts for all @entity1 >= 18years who have received LTG as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy. Data collected included LTG levels, dosage, treatment duration, concomitant AEDs and specific side effects. LTG clearance was estimated according to comedication. RESULTS: A total of 580 blood samples from 548 @entity1 were analyzed. LTG clearance in the enzyme-inducing AED (EIAED) coadministration group was the highest (0.050l/kg/h), followed by the LTG monotherapy group (0.028l/kg/h), the coadministration group of both @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) and EIAED (0.024l/kg/h) and the @entity2052 coadministration group (0.018l/kg/h). When LTG was administered with both @entity2052 and EIAED, the multiple EIAED group had higher LTG clearance than the single EIAED group. CONCLUSIONS: Concomitant administration of @entity1092 reduced LTG clearance by approximately 35%, while EIAEDs increased LTG clearance by 80%. These relationships indicate the importance of considering the effects of comedication on LTG clearance when determining LTG dosage.

title: Effect of comedication on XXXX clearance in @entity302 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['Lamotrigine']

answer: @entity2812 :: (MESH:C047781,Chemical) :: ['lamotrigine']


abstract: Oral @entity800 is as efficient as sequential antibiotic treatment in @entity497 ( @entity497 ). The current authors assessed whether oral @entity800 treatment of @entity1 with severe @entity497 , followed-up for 30 days, would save money. Over a 12-month period, 129 hospitalised @entity1 with severe non-intensive care unit @entity497 were randomly assigned to receive either oral @entity800 or sequential antibiotic treatment. Direct and indirect costs were compared over a 30-day period from several perspectives. @entity497 resolved in 71 out of 77 oral @entity800 (92%) and in 34 out of 37 sequential antibiotic treatment @entity1 (92%). @entity1 ' characteristics, treatment duration, hospital length of stay and mortality were similar in both groups. Drug acquisition costs were 1.7-times smaller in oral @entity800 @entity1 , who were less often transferred to rehabilitation centres, but they used more physicians' visits during follow-up and their total costs were lower. As only a minority of @entity1 was still active, inability to work and, hence, indirect costs were similar in both groups. In this study, oral @entity800 for severe non-intensive care unit @entity497 was equally effective as sequential antibiotic treatment, but did not lead to major costs savings except for drug acquisition costs. External factors linked with @entity1 ' characteristics and/or medical practice are likely to play a role and should be addressed.

title: Cost-effectiveness of full-course oral @entity800 in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']


abstract: Although well-differentiated @entity2615 (WDPM) is usually classified as benign, the natural history of this lesion has not been clearly established. We present a case of WDPM in 60-year old @entity1 developing @entity3620 with seeding mass on the trocar insertion site over a period of 2 years. The initial symptom exhibited by the @entity1 was abdominal distension from massive ascitic fluid. With an impression of peritoneal @entity189 , we performed a diagnostic laparoscopy. On the laparoscopic finding, a small whitish nodule was found on the liver surface and the pathologic result revealed @entity1373 . At exploro-laparotomy, multiple small nodules were found on the omentum and a biopsy revealed well-differentiated @entity2615 of the peritoneum. The @entity1 underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy and omentectomy of the colon and was followed for 2 years without any further treatment. Subsequently, she presented with abdominal distention with massive @entity843 and palpable abdominal wall mass at the previous trocar insertion site. @entity3620 was confirmed histologically via re- exploration. The rare transformation of well-differentiated @entity2615 into a typically @entity3620 and the unusual seeding on trocar insertion site prompted us to report this case.

title: A Case of Well-differentiated XXXX Developing @entity3620 with Seeding Mass on the Trocar Insertion Site of Diagnostic Laparoscopy and Malignant Change.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['reactive mesothelial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['papillary mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant mesothelioma', 'malignant mesothelioma', 'malignant diffuse mesothelioma']

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['Papillary Mesothelioma']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity4998 ( @entity4998 ) requiring vaginal reconstruction are complex and varied in their presentation. Enlargement procedures for @entity365 include self-dilation therapy or surgical vaginoplasty. There are many vaginoplasty techniques described, and each method has different risks and benefits. Reviewing the literature on management options for @entity365 , the results show a number of techniques available for the creation of a neovagina. Studies are difficult to compare due to their heterogeneity, and the indications for surgery are not always clear. Psychological support improves outcomes. There is a paucity of evidence to inform management regarding the optimum surgical technique to use, and long-term data on success is lacking, particularly with respect to sexual function. In conclusion, vaginal dilators remain the cornerstone of treatment of @entity1 with @entity365 and should be used as the first-line technique. Surgical vaginoplasty has a role in complex @entity1 with previous failed dilation and surgical intervention, particularly those cases where there is significant scarring from previous surgery. Regardless of the vaginal reconstruction technique, @entity1 should be managed in a multidisciplinary team where there is adequate emotional and psychological support available.

title: Management of XXXX in @entity4998 : surgical and non-surgical options.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['DSD', 'disorders of sexual development']

answer: @entity365 :: (MESH:D014627,Disease) :: ['vaginal hypoplasia']


abstract: The prognostic importance of @entity5 size was studied in 510 @entity1 with @entity11 (80% with @entity463 multiforme) in the Valid Study Group of Study 80-01 of the @entity1313 Study Group (now the @entity1313 Cooperative Group [BTCG]). The endpoint was length of survival from randomization, which occurred within 3 weeks of definitive surgery. Following randomization, @entity1 were scheduled to receive radiotherapy (RT) (6,020 cGy) during a 7-week period, along with continuing courses of chemotherapy. Computed tomographic (CT) scan information was available for 124 @entity1 preoperatively, 300 @entity1 postoperatively (preradiation), and 218 @entity1 9 weeks post-RT (+/- 3 weeks). @entity5 size was determined as area (length x width) on the contrast-enhanced scan and survival was compared by log rank statistics. @entity5 area was unrelated to survival (P = .48), but postoperative area was significantly prognostic (P less than .0001); the smaller the @entity41 , the longer the @entity1 lived. @entity1 with a 75% or greater resection, as determined by measuring the difference between the preoperative and the postoperative scans, tended to have better survival, but the difference was not significant (P = .16). The post-RT area was strongly related to survival (P less than .00001). The percent change in area between the pre- and post-RT scans was also prognostic. @entity5 size was of prognostic importance independent of the other known prognostic variables: age, Karnofsky performance score, and whether the @entity5 was @entity463 or @entity816 . We conclude that the amount of @entity5 remaining after surgery is an important baseline variable at the start of RT, and that the @entity5 size 9 weeks following RT is also prognostic. Surgical resection is most important when it leaves the least amount of @entity41 .

title: The prognostic importance of @entity5 size in @entity11 : a computed tomographic scan study by the XXXX Cooperative Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['Brain Tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'Preoperative tumor']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['Brain Tumor']