abstract: M-VAC ( @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 and @entity900 ) chemotherapy was performed on 27 @entity1 with advanced @entity5 . The @entity1 included 20 with @entity150 , 4 with upper @entity3484 and 3 with both lesions. Complete response (CR) was observed in 2 (7.4 +/- 9.9%) @entity1 and partial response (PR) in 10 (37.0 +/- 18.2%) @entity1 after the treatment, i.e., the overall objective response rate was 44.4 +/- 18.7%. The rate of relapse or recurrence in the @entity1 with CR and PR was 100% and 90.0%, respectively. The mean duration of the response was 18.5 +/- 13.4 months and 10.7 +/- 10.9 months for CR and PR, respectively. The overall survival rate after one year was 30.2%. @entity236 was the most serious side effect. The white blood cell count became below 1,000/microliters in 10 @entity1 (36.7%). Among them, 4 @entity1 suffered from @entity295 . In conclusion, M-VAC chemotherapy was effective for induction therapy against advanced @entity5 , although the effective duration was short. Further maintenance therapy should be established.

title: [Clinical evaluation of M-VAC ( XXXX , @entity5713 , @entity632 and @entity900 ) chemotherapy for advanced @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3484 :: ('MESH:D014571', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['Bone marrow suppression']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: @entity912 after long-term administration of neuromuscular blocking agents especially @entity6305 and @entity3369 has been reported since 1970's. In this article, these papers were reviewed, and the etiology and the clinical features were analyzed. Most of the cases of @entity4589 after prolonged use of @entity6305 were associated with concomitant use of large doses of @entity230 . In these cases, @entity134 @entity121 and disuse @entity194 have been implicated with causes of the @entity912 . In @entity1 with @entity8 , metabolites of neuromuscular blocking agents might accumulate. In some @entity1 with @entity912 after neuromuscular blocking agents, underlying @entity4094 such as @entity305 have been implicated with the cause of the @entity4589 . In order to avoid @entity912 after long-term administration of neuromuscular blocking agents, following recommendations are made. 1) Monitor neuromuscular blockade. 2) Examine @entity1 's neuromuscular status before starting to give relaxants. 3) Be careful in giving relaxants in @entity1 with poor renal and/or hepatic functions. 4) Use smallest possible amount of relaxant. 5) Be careful about the drugs administered simultaneously especially @entity230 and antibiotics. 6) During the use of a neuromuscular blocking agent, perform physical therapy of extremities to avoid disuse @entity194 especially when its administration is temporally terminated.

title: [ XXXX after long-term administration of neuromuscular blocking agents].

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired hepatic and/or renal functions']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular complications']

entities_list: @entity4589 :: ('MESH:D012133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle paralysis']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity6305 :: ('MESH:D010197', 'Chemical') :: ['pancuronium bromide', 'pancuronium']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis', 'Paralysis']

answer: @entity912 :: (MESH:D010243,Disease) :: ['Paralysis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background Informal caregiving is an integral part of the care of @entity1 with severe @entity1032 , but the support needs of those providing such care are not often met. Aims To determine whether interventions provided to @entity1 caring for those with severe @entity1032 improve the experience of caring and reduce caregiver burden. Method We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions delivered by health and social care services to informal carers (i.e. family or friends who provide support to someone with severe @entity1032 ). Results Twenty-one RCTs with 1589 carers were included in the review. There was evidence suggesting that the carers' experience of care was improved at the end of the intervention by psychoeducation (standardised mean difference -1.03, 95% CI -1.69 to -0.36) and support groups ( @entity7126 = -1.16, 95% CI -1.96 to -0.36). Psychoeducation had a benefit on @entity458 more than 6 months later ( @entity7126 = -1.79, 95% CI -3.01 to -0.56) but not immediately post-intervention. Support interventions had a beneficial effect on @entity458 at the end of the intervention ( @entity7126 = -0.99, 95% CI -1.48 to -0.49) as did problem-solving bibliotherapy ( @entity7126 = -1.57, 95% CI -1.79 to -1.35); these effects were maintained at follow-up. The quality of the evidence was mainly low and very low. Evidence for combining these interventions and for self-help and self-management was inconclusive. Conclusions Carer-focused interventions appear to improve the experience of caring and quality of life and reduce @entity458 of those caring for @entity1 with severe @entity1032 , and these benefits may be gained in first-episode @entity716 . Interventions for carers should be considered as part of integrated services for @entity1 with severe mental health problems.

title: Interventions to improve the experience of caring for XXXX with severe @entity1032 : systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aggregation and aggregation-mediated formation of toxic @entity8095 (aSyn) species have been linked to the pathogenesis of sporadic and monogenic @entity191 ( @entity191 ). A novel @entity59597 mutation of aSyn, resulting in the substitution of @entity3793 by @entity3264 , has recently been identified in @entity191 @entity1 . We have previously shown that the lipid peroxidation product @entity11838 ( @entity13789 ) induces the formation of @entity13789 -aSyn adducts, thereby promoting aSyn oligomerization and increasing its extracellular @entity137 to @entity1 dopaminergic neurons. Intriguingly, we identified @entity3793 50 (H50) of aSyn as one of the @entity13789 modification target residues. These converging lines of evidence support the hypothesis that changes in H50 via posttranslational modification (PTM) and mutation trigger the formation of aggregated, toxic aSyn species, which interfere with cellular homeostasis. In the present study, we aim to elucidate 1) the role of H50 in @entity13789 -mediated aSyn aggregation and @entity137 , and 2) the impact of H50 mutation on aSyn pathology. Besides the @entity191 -related @entity59597 , we analyze a @entity191 -unrelated control mutation, in which H50 is replaced by an @entity369 residue ( @entity59598 ). RESULTS: Analysis of @entity13789 -treated aSyn revealed that H50 is the most susceptible residue of aSyn to @entity13789 modification and is crucial for @entity13789 -mediated aSyn oligomerization. Overexpression of aSyn with substituted H50 in H4 neuroglioma cells reduced @entity13789 -induced cell damage, indicating a pivotal role of H50 in @entity13789 modification-induced aSyn @entity137 . Furthermore, we showed in vitro that @entity59597 /R mutations substantially increase the formation of high density and fibrillar aSyn species, and potentiate the oligomerization propensity of aSyn in the presence of a nitrating agent. Cell-based experiments also revealed that overexpression of @entity59597 aSyn in H4 cells promotes aSyn oligomerization. Importantly, overexpression of both @entity59597 /R aSyn mutants in H4 cells significantly increased cell death when compared to wild type aSyn. This increase in cell death was further exacerbated by the application of @entity5568 . CONCLUSION: A dual approach addressing alterations of H50 showed that either H50 PTM or mutation trigger aSyn aggregation and @entity137 , suggesting an important role of aSyn H50 in the pathogenesis of both @entity191 .

title: Posttranslational modification and mutation of @entity3793 50 trigger XXXX aggregation and @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8095 :: ('6622', 'Gene') :: ['alpha synuclein']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'sporadic and monogenic PD', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity59597 :: ('p|SUB|H|50|Q', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['H50Q']

entities_list: @entity59598 :: ('p|SUB|H|50|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['H50R']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity11838 :: ('MESH:C027576', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxy-2-nonenal']

answer: @entity8095 :: (6622,Gene) :: ['alpha synuclein']


abstract: IgG4-related sclerosing @entity255 as part of IgG4 systemic-related diseases is commonly associated with @entity788 . Major clinical manifestations of IgG4-related sclerosing diseases are apparent in the organs in which tissue @entity82 with obstructive @entity3527 is pathologically induced. IgG4-related sclerosing @entity255 is included within the heterogeneous group of 'sclerosing @entity255 '. @entity991 may be associated with @entity2877 , @entity281 or @entity5 . @entity991 of unknown etiology is called @entity991 ( @entity991 ). Conservative therapy of @entity991 is usually unsuccessful, the disease involves extra- and/or intrahepatic biliary tree, and the end point of this disease is @entity1575 . Typically, @entity991 is identified at the age of 30 to 40 years, and the disease is frequently associated with @entity29 . On the other hand, IgG4-related sclerosing @entity255 is not associated with @entity29 . In patients with IgG4-related sclerosing @entity255 , a first symptom can be @entity3883 , @entity3883 is rarely present in @entity991 . Clinically, patients with IgG4-related sclerosing @entity255 are older at diagnosis compared to @entity1 with @entity991 . A typical diagnostic feature of IgG4-related sclerosing @entity255 is elevation of serum immunoglobulin G4. In patients with IgG4-related sclerosing @entity255 , response to @entity134 therapy is high; in @entity1 with @entity991 corticosteroid therapy is unsuccessful. Histochemically abundant infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells is detected in the biliary duct wall. Histologically, we can identify dense @entity2617 of the bile duct wall, transmural @entity82 , @entity2617 and @entity82 in the periportal area of the liver - a typically obliterative @entity3527 . The biliary epithelium is usually intact in contrast to @entity991 , where @entity33 is often present. @entity230 are the first-choice therapy of IgG4-related sclerosing @entity255 . In the literature, @entity201 in patients with IgG4- related sclerosing @entity255 was not described, whereas @entity201 develops in up to 10-30% of @entity1 with @entity991 .

title: Immunoglobulin G4-related XXXX : a variant of IgG4-related systemic disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['whereas obstructive jaundice', 'obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['biliary malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoplasmacytic infiltration']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['PSC', 'primary sclerosing cholangitis', 'Sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal erosion']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity255 :: (MESH:D002761,Disease) :: ['cholangitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Implementation of @entity64 professionals' palliative care role outlined in the UK National Clinical Guidelines for @entity64 is challenged by uncertainty about prognosis. Understanding the patterns of dying in @entity64 may help @entity64 clinicians improve implementation. AIMS AND METHODS: To identify the patterns of dying in @entity64 , and explore @entity1 and family carer experiences. Over a six month period, biographical and clinical data, including the type of dying trajectory for deceased @entity1 , were collected from admissions to four @entity64 . Death trajectories were classified as sudden; rapid; episodic; slow decline; or other. Interviews were conducted with a sample of @entity1 , family carers and bereaved relatives, exploring narratives of experience and initiation of end of life care. RESULTS: 686 admissions were screened; with 627 (91.4%) eligible for inclusion. Six @entity1 , nine family members and two bereaved family members took part in interviews. There were 91 deaths during the study period (14.5% of @entity64 @entity1 ) with dying trajectories classified for 72 deceased @entity1 . Five (7.3%) were classed as sudden deaths; 64 (88.6) as rapid; 2 (3.3%) as episodic and 1 (0.8%) as slow decline. Interviews highlighted the significance that @entity1 and families attach to clinical geography, including the type of care setting, in making sense of prognosis, and helpful messages that staff could use around planning for end of life care. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of dying that @entity64 service staff encounter most is a rapid decline in a @entity1 's condition, with a distinct terminal phase, although not set within a context of deterioration.

title: What are the patterns of dying in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke services', 'stroke', 'acute stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the impact of irregularly rising @entity1486 and "impending" biochemical failure on the apparent rate of biochemical relapse following radiotherapy for @entity263 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: We analyzed the outcome of 572 @entity1 with @entity263 treated with radiotherapy alone at the Princess Margaret Hospital (median follow-up, 4.21 years). Biochemical outcomes were analyzed using 2 different @entity177 : (1) the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) definition, and (2) a modified definition that included 2 consecutive rises in @entity1486 , with a minimum rise of 1.5 ng/mL above the nadir, or a nadir value of greater than 4 ng/mL. @entity1 were defined as having "impending failure" when the last 2 @entity1486 measurements taken demonstrated 2 consecutive rises. RESULTS: Two-hundred and thirty @entity1 (40%) met the ASTRO definition of failure; 258 @entity1 (48%) failed by the modified definition (p = 0.001). Five-year biochemical relapse-free rate (bNED) rate was 55% using the ASTRO definition, and 49% using the modified definition. This difference in 5-year bNED was greatest for @entity1 with high-risk disease (ASTRO definition 30% vs. modified definition 15%). Twenty-four of the 38 additional cases identified as biochemical failures by the modified definition had irregularly rising @entity1486 levels; 14 were "impending failures." These additional 38 @entity1 had a median @entity1486 elevation 5.4 ng/mL above the nadir, and a high risk of subsequent clinical failure (4-year clinical failure-free rate of 63%). The ASTRO definition had a sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 74% for predicting clinical relapse. The modified definition had a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 70%. CONCLUSION: A definition of biochemical failure that includes an absolute allowable rise in @entity1486 above the nadir can identify @entity1 with rising @entity1486 who are at substantial risk of clinical relapse, but who are not defined as biochemical failures by the ASTRO definition. This is particularly true for @entity1 with high-risk disease. The use of a uniform definition of biochemical failure is crucial to ensure that differences in apparent outcome are not due to differences in the definition of relapse. Currently, the ASTRO definition should remain the standard. Large cohort studies with long follow-up can be utilized to optimize the definition of biochemical failure following radiotherapy for @entity263 .

title: The impact of irregularly rising @entity1486 and "impending failure" on the apparent outcome of XXXX following radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['definitions of failure']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['T1/T2 prostate cancer', 'localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota likely plays an important role in the development of gut-derived infections, making it a potential therapeutic target against @entity295 . However, experience with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in the treatment of @entity295 and knowledge of the underlying mechanisms are extremely lacking. In this article, we describe a case of a @entity1 who developed @entity295 after a vagotomy and later received an infusion of donor feces microbiota, and we report our findings. METHODS: A 44-year-old @entity1 developed @entity326 and severe watery @entity294 4 days after undergoing a vagotomy. Antibiotics, probiotics and supportive treatment strategies were used for about 30 day after surgery, but the @entity1 's fever, @entity2259 and watery @entity294 persisted. Considering the possibility of @entity6636 , we evaluated the structure and composition of the @entity1 's fecal microbiota using 16S rDNA-based molecular techniques. As expected, the gut microbiota was extensively disrupted; therefore, a donor fecal suspension was delivered into the @entity1 by nasoduodenal tube. The @entity1 's clinical outcomes and shifts of the gut microbiota following the treatment were also determined. RESULTS: Dramatically, the @entity1 's septic symptoms and severe @entity294 were successfully controlled following @entity8 . Her stool output markedly declined after 7 days and normalized 16 days after @entity8 . A significant modification in her microbiota composition was consistently seen, characterized by a profound enrichment of the commensals in Firmicutes and depletion of opportunistic organisms in Proteobacteria. Furthermore, we identified a reconstituted bacterial community enriched in Firmicutes and depleted of Proteobacteria members that was associated with fecal output, plasma markers of @entity32 and T helper cells. CONCLUSIONS: In this report, we describe our initial experience with @entity8 , in which we successfully used it in the treatment of a @entity1 with @entity295 and severe @entity294 after a vagotomy. Our data indicate an association between repaired intestinal microbiota barrier and improvement of clinical outcomes. Our @entity1 's surprising clinical benefits from @entity8 demonstrate the role of intestinal microbiota in modulating immune equilibrium. It represents a breakthrough in the clinical management of @entity295 and suggests new therapeutic avenues to pursue for microbiota-related indications.

title: Successful treatment of severe @entity295 and @entity294 after vagotomy utilizing XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['FMT', 'fecal microbiota transplantation']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity6636 :: ('MESH:D064806', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal dysbiosis']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['fecal microbiota transplantation']


abstract: @entity137 studies in monkeys were carried out with 3-[(2,3-cyclopenteno-1-pyridinium)-methyl]-7-[2-syn-methoximino - 2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-acetamido]-ceph-3-em-4-carboxylate (cefpirome, @entity17231 ; CAS 84957-29-9) a new @entity5898 derivative. In a 90-day study in @entity2608 (4 males/4 females per group) dosages of 0, 50, 160 and 500 mg/kg/day were administered. In a 6-month study 5 groups of 6 male and 6 female @entity5434 received @entity1219 -solution (0.9%), the vehicle, and 50, 200 or 800/400 mg/kg/d (the highest dosage had to be lowered after the first week due to acute @entity1931 ). For clarification of the dose relationship to the findings in the 800/400 mg/kg group, a supplementary 6-month study with 500 mg/kg cefpirome including a vehicle control was also performed. 50 mg cefpirome/kg/d was well tolerated; so too were 160 and 200 mg/kg apart from a slight beta 2-microglobulinuria and/or enzymuria. Almost exclusively at the high dosages retching and @entity391 , and exclusively at the high dosages @entity294 , inappetence and physical weakness were sporadically seen in the first phase of the studies. 500 and 400 mg/kg led to increasing signs of @entity8 (enzymuria, beta 2-microglobulinuria, cylindruria and minimal histological changes in 2 animals of the 400 mg/kg group). In one @entity2608 (500 mg/kg) and two @entity5434 (800 mg/kg) severe @entity8 had developed within the first week. In all dosage groups of the 90-day study special histological methods revealed a dose-dependent increase and enlargement of lysosomes in the epithelia of the proximal renal tubules. Increased cytolysis was, however, not observed. In all the studies there was a dose-dependent increase in the kidney weights of the intermediate and highest dosage groups. The females of the 400 mg/kg group showed slight @entity417 accompanied by a slight increase in the reticulocyte count. One animal of this group died prematurely probably due to @entity1151 . The signs of slight @entity8 including lysosome enlargement, and the slight @entity417 proved to be reversible.

title: XXXX of the new antibiotic cefpirome in monkeys.

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkey', 'rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney damage', 'discrete renal tubular changes', 'renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic intravenous toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['drug intolerance']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Chronic intravenous toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Response remains an important endpoint in clinical @entity5 trials. However, the prognostic utility of @entity5 response in metastatic @entity1358 (mRCC) remains vague. OBJECTIVE: To define the prognostic relevance of the depth of remission in mRCC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Pooled data from the Pfizer database for 2749 @entity1 from phase 2 and 3 clinical trials in mRCC were analyzed. @entity5 shrinkage was categorized according to the best percentage change in the sum of the largest diameter of target lesions. Outcome was computed using Kaplan-Meier curves and correlation was assessed via Cox regression, including a 6-mo landmark. INTERVENTION: Sunitinib, sorafenib, axitinib, temsirolimus, or temsirolimus and interferon-a. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Categorized @entity5 shrinkage, @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), progression free survival (PFS). RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Major @entity5 shrinkage of 60% or more occurred in approximately 10% of @entity1 and was associated with median @entity1349 of 54.5 mo. @entity1349 expectations steadily decreased with depth of remission (26.4, 16.6, 10.4, and 7.3 mo). The association was maintained when stratified by type of therapy, line of therapy, and performance status. Cox proportional regression analyses for the 6-mo landmark confirmed the prognostic relevance of major @entity5 shrinkage (hazard ratio 0.29, 95% confidence interval 0.22-0.39; p<0.001). The major limitation of our study is the variability of imaging intervals among studies. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first and largest analysis of @entity5 response in mRCC. We demonstrate that depth of remission is an independent prognostic factor in mRCC. @entity1 SUMMARY: It remains unknown whether @entity5 shrinkage during therapy is needed to achieve clinical activity in metastatic @entity1358 . Our analysis shows that the magnitude of @entity5 shrinkage correlates with better survival in @entity1 . This observation may be used as a clinical research tool in future trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT00054886, NCT00077974, NCT00267748, NCT00338884, NCT00137423, NCT00083889, NCT00065468, NCT00678392.

title: Depth of Remission is a Prognostic Factor for Survival in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'best tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity38207 has been demonstrated to play a vital role in immune privilege. The functional phenotype of ocular antigen-presenting cells that contributes to the immune privilege status of the eye is dependent on their expression of @entity38207 . Microglia, the local antigen-presenting cells in the retina, undergo rapid activation in response to injury and have the ability to produce both proinflammatory and regenerative neurotrophic factors. In this study, the authors examined @entity38207 as a potential regulator of these phenotype of microglia activated in response to @entity989 . METHODS: Expression of markers associated with activated microglia were examined by immunofluorescent staining and semiquantitative real-time PCR analysis of retina derived from @entity7097 or @entity38207 null @entity19 at various time intervals after light- or laser-induced @entity989 . RESULTS: In the absence of @entity38207 , microglia in uninjured retina express major histocompatibility complex class II and migrate to the outer layers of the retina. Constitutively increased expression of activated microglia-derived inflammatory molecules such as @entity637 and @entity13633 is detectable in @entity38207 null retina compared with @entity7097 controls. After both light-induced and laser-induced @entity989 , enhanced migration of microglia is detected in @entity38207 null retina, and these microglia express markers associated with a proinflammatory phenotype. Compared with @entity7097 retina, @entity38207 null retina fails to recover from the laser-induced injury, resulting in irreversible damage. CONCLUSIONS: @entity38207 supports an anti-inflammatory phenotype of microglia in the retina and promotes recovery from injury.

title: Thrombospondin-1-mediated regulation of microglia activation after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal injury']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinal injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We reviewed our experience of total laparoscopic aortic bypass surgery performed for @entity432 ( @entity432 ), focusing on early 30-day mortality and morbidity and short-term and midterm outcomes. METHODS: A monocentric retrospective study was conducted between October 2002 and October 2011; we performed 173 total laparoscopic aortic surgeries to treat @entity432 . RESULTS: @entity1 included 135 @entity1 and 38 @entity1 . The mean age was 57.2  years (range, 34-77  years). The median operative time was 205  minutes (range, 120-420  minutes), the median aortic clamping time was 50  minutes (range, 20-120  minutes), and the mean @entity190 was 263  mL (range, 0-3200  mL). Conversion to open surgery was necessary in 12.1% of @entity1 . The 30-day postoperative mortality rate was 2.3% (four of 173 @entity1 ). Major morbidity occurred in 6.9% of @entity1 . Wound complications occurred in 8%. Four @entity1 had a groin infection (2.3%), treated by surgical trimming in three @entity1 and replacement of the prosthesis by venous bypass in one @entity1 . Early graft @entity715 (within 30  days) occurred in one @entity1 (0.6%), requiring reintervention. With a mean follow-up of 42  months (standard deviation, 37  months), 96% of bypasses were patent. Patency rates at 3 and 5  years were 97% and 85% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In selected @entity1 , laparoscopic aortic bypass surgery for @entity432 is a safe procedure with an acceptable morbidity rate, short intensive care unit and hospital stay, fast recovery, and early return to general diet. It is a good indication after failure of endovascular surgery.

title: Total laparoscopic bypass is safe and effective for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['AIOD', 'aortoiliac occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['aortoiliac occlusive disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To assess the relationship between @entity2479 and mortality in older @entity1 . METHODS: Pooled data from 2 population-based cohort studies. At baseline, the Beaver Dam Eye Study (BDES) examined 4926 @entity1 43 to 86 years of age (1988 to 1990), and the Blue Mountains Eye Study (BMES) examined 3654 @entity1 49 to 97 years of age (1992 to 1994). @entity2479 were assessed by grading retinal photographs using standardized methods. Deaths and causes of @entity204 were determined from @entity204 certificates or Australian National Death Index. Cox regression models were used to estimate mortality hazard ratios (HRs) associated with emboli, adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, @entity101 , @entity6 , smoking, serum total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , study site, and past histories of @entity64 , angina, and acute @entity583 . RESULTS: Of 8580 baseline @entity1 , 8384 (98%) had retinal photographs available, and 111 showed @entity2479 (BDES n=61; BMES n=50). Over 10 to 12 years, 2506 @entity1 (30%) died, including 344 (4%) from @entity64 -related and 1315 (16%) from cardiovascular causes. The cumulative mortality rates were higher in @entity1 with than without emboli (all-cause 56% versus 30%; @entity64 -related 12% versus 4.0%; cardiovascular 30% versus 16%). The increased mortality risk associated with emboli was independent of age, gender, other vascular risk factors, and past histories of @entity64 or @entity299 for all-cause (multivariate-adjusted HR, 1.3; CI, 1.0 to 1.8) and @entity64 -related mortality (HR, 2.0; CI, 1.1 to 3.8) but not for @entity65 (HR, 1.2; CI, 0.8 to 1.7). CONCLUSIONS: Our pooled data from 2 older populations suggest that @entity2479 predict a modest increase in all-cause and @entity64 -related mortality independent of cardiovascular risk factors.

title: XXXX and long-term mortality: pooled data analysis from two older populations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal arteriolar emboli', 'retinal emboli', 'retinal arteriolar emboli']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2479 :: (MESH:D012173,Disease) :: ['Retinal arteriolar emboli']


abstract: @entity9283 has traditionally been corrected by unilateral or bilateral frontal bone advancement or rotation using bone-molding forceps and distraction devices. Complete symmetrical correction of deformed frontal bones is considered almost impossible because the curvature of each frontal bone varies. We evaluated the feasibility of measuring the optimal curvature of frontal and occipital bones using a plaster skull model and applying these measurements to "switch" them for simultaneous correction of frontal and @entity9283 . A 2-year-old @entity1 suffering from unifrontal flattening visited our clinic. @entity91 was observed. The 3-D rapid prototype model and skull replica method using thin paper clay were used for preplanned virtual surgery. The triangular bone was harvested from the contralateral bulging side of the occipital bone ("occipitofrontal switching") for the best optimal curvature in the affected frontal bone. Another triangular bone was harvested from the ipsilateral flattened side of the frontal bone, and bones were switched with each other. Further bending of the frontal or occipital segment was not necessary for optimal curvature. Symmetrical correction was made by switching the triangular bone of the frontal area with that of the contralateral occipital area. Revision has not been necessary, and infection was not observed at 1-year follow-up. Our novel technique of preplanning surgery using a 3-D plaster model for simultaneous correction of frontal and @entity9283 is effective and time-saving.

title: Occipitofrontal switching for simultaneous correction of XXXX : a novel surgical technique.

entities_list: @entity9283 :: ('MESH:D059041', 'Disease') :: ['Plagiocephaly', 'occipital plagiocephaly']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['Unilateral coronal synostosis']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['synostotic frontal and occipital plagiocephaly']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) is a therapy recalcitrant disease with the worst survival rate of common solid @entity5 . Preclinical models that accurately reflect the genetic and biological diversity of @entity1124 will be important for delineating features of @entity5 biology and therapeutic vulnerabilities. DESIGN: 27 primary @entity5 were employed for genetic analysis and development of @entity5 models. @entity5 tissue was used for derivation of xenografts and cell lines. Exome sequencing was performed on the originating @entity5 and developed models. RNA sequencing, histological and functional analyses were employed to determine the relationship of the @entity1 -derived models to clinical presentation of @entity1124 . RESULTS: The cohort employed captured the genetic diversity of @entity1124 . From most cases, both cell lines and xenograft models were developed. Exome sequencing confirmed preservation of the primary @entity5 mutations in developed cell lines, which remained stable with extended passaging. The level of genetic conservation in the cell lines was comparable to that observed with @entity1 -derived xenograft (PDX) models. Unlike historically established @entity1124 @entity5 cell lines, @entity1 -derived models recapitulated the histological architecture of the primary @entity5 and exhibited metastatic spread similar to that observed clinically. Detailed genetic analyses of @entity5 and derived models revealed features of ex vivo evolution and the clonal architecture of @entity1124 . Functional analysis was used to elucidate therapeutic vulnerabilities of relevance to treatment of @entity1124 . CONCLUSIONS: These data illustrate that with the appropriate methods it is possible to develop cell lines that maintain genetic features of @entity1124 . Such models serve as important substrates for analysing the significance of genetic variants and create a unique biorepository of annotated cell lines and xenografts that were established simultaneously from same primary @entity5 . These models can be used to infer genetic and empirically determined therapeutic sensitivities that would be germane to the @entity1 .

title: Pancreatic cancer cell lines as XXXX -derived avatars: genetic characterisation and functional utility.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'cancer', 'PDAC tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma', 'PDAC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The medical treatment of @entity46 needs to be optimized. Therapeutic management strategies for @entity46 -associated @entity158 or recurrent disease are primarily aimed at downregulating ovarian function or antagonizing the effect of @entity172 in ectopic endometrial implants. In this context, basic research is providing important results for the development of new, specific treatment modalities. Aromatase overexpression has recently been detected in endometriotic tissue. Aromatase ( @entity4819 ) is responsible for converting C19 @entity3800 into @entity172 in several types of @entity1 tissue. Aromatase activity causes local @entity172 biosynthesis, which, in turn, stimulates @entity1421 production by upregulating @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ). Thus, a positive feedback cycle develops between the two systems. Another @entity58356 (17beta-HSD-Type-II) expression, impairs the inactivation of @entity53 to @entity1815 . In contrast to the eutopic endometrium, these molecular aberrations increase the amount of local @entity53 and @entity1421 in @entity46 . In several @entity1 cell lines, @entity3009 and @entity172 concentrations are associated with proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, apoptosis resistance and even invasiveness. Consequently, aromatase and @entity3840 are thought to be promising new therapeutic targets. Thus, specific aromatase inhibitors (e.g. @entity42703 /Femara, @entity17413 /Arimidex or Exemestan/ @entity17082 ) or selective @entity3840 inhibitors (e.g. @entity12698 /Celebrex, @entity13586 /Vioxx, @entity17852 /Bextra) are of great interest and should be studied in clinical trials in premenopausal @entity1 with @entity46 to expand the spectrum of currently available treatment options.

title: Aromatase inhibitors and @entity3840 ( XXXX ) inhibitors in @entity46 : new questions--old answers?

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['Rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['Celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity17852 :: ('MESH:C406224', 'Chemical') :: ['Valdecoxib']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity17413 :: ('CHEBI:2704', 'Chemical') :: ['Anastrozol']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity58356 :: ('MESH:C536080', 'Disease') :: ['abnormality in endometriosis, the deficient 17beta-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase type II']

entities_list: @entity42703 :: ('CHEBI:6413', 'Chemical') :: ['Letrozol']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity3840 :: (5743,Gene) :: ['COX-2']


abstract: Previous studies have discerned two forms of polymeric @entity19 IgM: moderately cytolytic (complement-activating) pentamer, which contains J chain, and highly cytolytic hexamer, which lacks J chain. To investigate the relationships among polymeric structure, J chain content, and cytolytic activity, we produced IgM in J @entity2383 and J chain-proficient @entity19 hybridoma cell lines. Both hexamer and pentamer were produced in the absence as well as the presence of J chain. Hexameric IgM activated ( @entity840 ) complement approximately 100-fold more efficiently than did J @entity2383 pentamer, which, in turn, was more active than J chain-containing pentamer. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that J chain-containing pentamer cannot activate complement. We also analyzed the structure of IgM-S337, in which the mu-chain bears the @entity57220 substitution. Like normal IgM, IgM-S337 was formed as a hexamer and as both J chain deficient- and J chain-containing pentamers. Unlike normal IgM, IgM-S337 dissociated in @entity214 into various subunits. For IgM-S337 pentamer, the predominant subunits migrated as mu2kappa2 and mu4kappa4, and the subunit distribution was unaltered by J chain. However, J chain was found only in the mu2kappa2 species, suggesting that some arrangement of inter-mu bonds directs incorporation of J chain. IgM-S337 hexamer also dissociated to mu2kappa2 and mu4kappa4, but also yielded several species migrating much more slowly in @entity214 -PAGE than wild-type mu12kappa12. To account for these forms, we propose that each mu-chain can interact with three other mu-chains and that some hexameric molecules contain two catenated mu6kappa6 circles.

title: Structural and functional analysis of J XXXX IgM.

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['chain-deficient']

answer: @entity2383 :: (MESH:D028361,Disease) :: ['chain-deficient']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of blunt @entity1545 to @entity204 and disability in @entity1 . METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 41 @entity1 aged 17 years and younger requiring operative intervention for 48 blunt @entity1317 during the past 18 years. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 had @entity1317 (seven brachial, one superficial femoral) associated with orthopedic @entity130 resulting from falls. All eight were associated with a pulse deficit and were easily recognized. None of the eight had late sequelae after vascular repair. Thirty-three @entity1 had @entity1545 as a result of motor vehicle crashes (n = 17), motor vehicle/pedestrian accidents (n = 12), or severe @entity130 (n = 4). Twenty-one (64%) were admitted in shock. Twenty-one major @entity1317 were present in 17 @entity1 and were lethal in 11 (65%). @entity1317 were not recognized before laparotomy. Nine of the 33 (27%) @entity1 had extremity @entity1317 associated with orthopedic @entity130 , and three (9%) had major injuries of thoracic vessels. Only three @entity1 had major abdominal @entity1317 in this series. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1317 resulting from blunt @entity130 are rare in the pediatric age group. Whereas blunt @entity1317 associated with @entity174 are readily recognized, easily treated, and result in minimal late morbidity, blunt @entity1317 are rarely recognized before exploration and are lethal in more than half. Devastating @entity1317 are more common than @entity1317 after blunt @entity1661 in @entity1 .

title: Blunt pediatric XXXX : analysis of forty-one consecutive @entity1 undergoing operative intervention.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['vascular trauma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['long bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal venous injuries', 'venous injuries', 'vascular injuries', 'Vascular injuries', 'arterial injuries', 'Abdominal venous injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['crush injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['vascular trauma']


abstract: @entity2664 and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) are active drugs with a favourable @entity137 profile in @entity0 . The activity of @entity1487 can be enhanced by modulation with @entity4181 . Continuous infusion of @entity1487 yields a superior activity with less @entity137 compared with bolus injections. 27 @entity1 with @entity0 , 22 of them pretreated, received intravenous (iv) @entity2664 , 14 mg/m2, day 1, iv @entity4181 , 300 mg, days 1 and 15, and @entity1487 , 4 g, 48-h infusion, days 1 and 2, 15 and 16, once every 28 days (MLF regimen). @entity4181 was administered either as a bolus prior to the @entity1487 infusion or mixed together with the @entity1487 during the first 24 h. There were 12 partial responses, 9 @entity1 had stable disease, and 5 had progressive disease. 1 @entity1 was not evaluable because of concomitant irradiation of the @entity75 . The overall response rate was 46%; for previously untreated @entity1 it was 100% and for pretreated @entity1 it was 33%. Grade 3 @entity390 / @entity391 was noted in 7 evaluable @entity1 (26%) and grade 4 haematological @entity137 in 1 @entity1 (4%). Only 1 @entity1 had complete alopecia. The median duration of response was 13 months in untreated, and 12 months in pretreated @entity1 . It was concluded that MLF is an active regimen in @entity0 , even in highly pretreated @entity1 , with moderate and manageable @entity137 . Assessment in first-line treatment appears to be of interest.

title: XXXX , @entity4181 and high-dose infusional @entity1487 : an effective and well-tolerated regimen for the treatment of @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['Leucovorin', 'leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone', 'Mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

answer: @entity2664 :: (MESH:D008942,Chemical) :: ['Mitoxantrone']


abstract: @entity3271 is the third most common @entity66 and most commonly arises in the frontal lobe. It occurs in males more frequently, and the peak manifestation is during the 5th and 6th decades. @entity1 are affected much less commonly. The clinical presentation is often of several years duration with most @entity1 presenting with @entity410 , reflecting the strong predilection of this @entity5 to involve the cortical gray matter. Current histopathologic classification schemes recognize two main types of @entity5 : well-differentiated @entity3271 and its anaplastic variant. Less commonly, neoplastic mixtures of both oligodendroglial and astrocytic components occur and are termed oligoastrocytomas, with both well-differentiated and anaplastic forms. Surgical resection is the mainstay of initial treatment, and many @entity1 experience a long progression-free period. Recent genotyping has revealed @entity393 and 19q as a genetic signature in most @entity3271 , and these @entity5 respond favorably to chemotherapy. Hence, radiation therapy is now generally reserved for partially resected @entity5 and cases that failed to benefit from chemotherapy. At cross-sectional imaging, the @entity5 characteristically involves the cortical gray matter and frequently contains @entity730 . Robust enhancement is not a common feature and suggests transformation to a higher histologic grade. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques and metabolic imaging play increasingly important roles in both pre- and postoperative assessment of these complex @entity5 .

title: From the archives of the AFIP: XXXX and its variants: radiologic-pathologic correlation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glial neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal loss of 1p']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas', 'oligodendroglioma', 'Oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity3271 :: (MESH:D009837,Disease) :: ['Oligodendroglioma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abstract Background. In chronic @entity29 ( @entity29 ) ( @entity30 [ @entity30 ] and @entity31 [ @entity31 ]), symptoms from outside the gastrointestinal tract are frequently seen, and the joints, skin, eyes, and hepatobiliary area are the most usually affected sites (called extraintestinal manifestations [EIM]). The reported prevalence varies, explained by difference in study design and populations under investigation. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of EIM in a population-based inception cohort in Europe and Israel. Methods. @entity29 @entity1 were incepted into a cohort that was prospectively followed from 1991 to 2004. A total of 1145 @entity1 were followed for 10 years. Results. The cumulative prevalence of first EIM was 16.9% (193/1145 @entity1 ) over a median follow-up time of 10.1 years. @entity1 with @entity30 were more likely than @entity31 @entity1 to have immune-mediated ( @entity625 , eye, skin, and liver) manifestations: 20.1% versus 10.4% (p < 0.001). Most frequently seen was @entity625 which was significantly more common in @entity30 (12.9%) than in @entity31 (8.1%), p = 0.01. @entity1960 compared to proctitis in @entity31 increased the risk of EIM. Conclusion. In a European inception cohort, EIMs in @entity29 were consistent with that seen in comparable studies. @entity1 with @entity30 are twice as likely as @entity31 @entity1 to experience EIM, and more extensive distribution of inflammation in @entity31 increases the risk of EIM.

title: Extraintestinal manifestations in @entity30 and XXXX : results from a prospective, population-based European inception cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['Pan-colitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: @entity842 (NO) has been demonstrated to enhance the maximal shortening velocity and maximal power of rodent muscle. Dietary @entity1507 ( @entity8326 ) intake has been demonstrated to increase NO bioavailability in @entity1 . We therefore hypothesized that acute dietary @entity8326 intake (in the form of a concentrated beetroot juice (BRJ) supplement) would improve muscle speed and power in @entity1 . To test this hypothesis, healthy @entity1 and @entity1 (n   =   12; age   =   22-50   y) were studied using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design. After an overnight fast, subjects ingested 140   mL of BRJ either containing or devoid of 11.2   mmol of @entity8326 . After 2   h, knee extensor contractile function was assessed using a Biodex 4 isokinetic dynamometer. Breath NO levels were also measured periodically using a Niox Mino analyzer as a biomarker of whole-body NO production. No significant changes in breath NO were observed in the placebo trial, whereas breath NO rose by 61% (P   <   0.001; effect size   =   1.19) after dietary @entity8326 intake. This was accompanied by a 4% (P   <   0.01; effect size   =   0.74) increase in peak knee extensor power at the highest angular velocity tested (i.e., 6.28   rad/s). Calculated maximal knee extensor power was therefore greater (i.e., 7.90        0.59 vs. 7.44        0.53 W/kg; P   <   0.05; effect size   =   0.63) after dietary @entity8326 intake, as was the calculated maximal velocity (i.e., 14.5        0.9 vs. 13.1        0.8   rad/s; P   <   0.05; effect size   =   0.67). No differences in muscle function were observed during 50 consecutive knee extensions performed at 3.14   rad/s. We conclude that acute dietary @entity8326 intake increases whole-body NO production and muscle speed and power in healthy @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: Effect of acute dietary @entity1507 intake on maximal knee extensor speed and power in healthy XXXX and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'men']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity933 is a frequent complication after cardiac surgery. Although various risk factors for @entity260 have been identified, the relationship between @entity387 and @entity933 has not yet been elucidated. This study evaluated the relationship between @entity387 in cardiac surgery @entity1 without a previous @entity27 . METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, 92 @entity1 undergoing elective cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation were evaluated for both SDB and @entity260 . Polygraphic recordings were used to calculate the @entity27 index (AHI; mean number of @entity386 and @entity387 per hour recorded) of all @entity1 preoperatively. @entity933 was assessed during the first four postoperative days using the Confusion Assessment Method. Clinical differences between individuals with and without @entity260 were determined with univariate analysis. The relationship between @entity260 and those covariates that were associated with @entity933 in univariate analysis was determined by a multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS: The median overall preoperative AHI was 18.3 (interquartile range, 8.7 to 32.8). @entity933 was diagnosed in 44 @entity1 . The median AHI differed significantly between @entity1 with and without @entity260 (28 versus 13; P   =   0.001). A preoperative AHI of 19 or higher was associated with an almost sixfold increased risk of @entity260 (odds ratio, 6.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.6 to 15.4; P <0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative AHI, age, smoking, and blood transfusion were independently associated with @entity260 . CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative SDB (for example, @entity27 ) were strongly associated with @entity260 , and may be a risk factor for @entity260 .

title: Sleep-disordered breathing is a risk factor for XXXX after cardiac surgery: a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopneas', 'nocturnal breathing disorders', 'sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and postoperative delirium']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea', 'diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative delirium']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium', 'Delirium']

answer: @entity933 :: (MESH:D003693,Disease) :: ['delirium']


abstract: AIMS: This study hypothesized that activation of endothelial @entity4334 oligomerization domain-like receptor protein with @entity15253 ( @entity6198 ) inflammasomes directly produces @entity409 during @entity1007 , which is distinct from its canonical roles in @entity32 . RESULTS: Acute @entity1007 in @entity19 was induced by intraperitoneal administration of @entity12185 (0.5   g/kg) for 24   h. Endothelial dysfunction was assessed by evaluating endothelium-dependent vasodilation in isolated, perfused, and pressurized coronary arteries in response to @entity1812 (10(-10)-10(-6) M) and @entity934 (10(-9)-10(-5) M). Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation was observed in @entity6198 (+/+) @entity19 with acute @entity1007 , which was markedly ameliorated in @entity6198 (-/-) @entity19 . Treatment of @entity19 with inhibitors for @entity13761 or @entity8919 ( @entity8919 ) significantly restored endothelium-dependent vasodilation in @entity6198 (+/+) @entity19 with acute @entity1007 . Confocal microscopic analysis demonstrated that @entity1007 markedly increased @entity13761 activity and @entity8919 expression in coronary arterial endothelium of @entity6198 (+/+) @entity19 , which was absent in @entity6198 -deficient @entity19 . Further, recombinant @entity8919 directly induced @entity409 in normal @entity6198 (+/+) coronary arteries. In vitro, @entity6198 inflammasome formation and its activity were instigated in cultured endothelial cells by @entity165 crystal, a danger factor associated with @entity1007 . Moreover, @entity165 crystals directly induced @entity409 in coronary arteries from @entity6198 (+/+) @entity19 , which was attenuated in @entity6198 (-/-) arteries. Such @entity165 @entity73 was associated with enhanced @entity224 production, downregulation of endothelial @entity842 synthase activity, and pyroptosis. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION: Our data provide the first evidence that activation of endothelial @entity6198 inflammasome directly impairs endothelial function beyond its canonical inflammatory actions. This novel non-canonical action of @entity6198 inflammasomes may initiate or exacerbate @entity1317 during @entity1007 . Antioxid. Redox Signal. 22, 1084-1096.

title: Coronary endothelial dysfunction induced by @entity4334 oligomerization domain-like receptor protein with XXXX inflammasome activation during @entity1007 : beyond @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['crystal-induced impairment']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity15253 :: (100033459(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['pyrin domain containing 3']


abstract: PURPOSE: Anecdotal reports have described @entity600 in @entity302 @entity1 with @entity3932 ( @entity3932 ). No data are available regarding the prevalence and significance of this association. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively the clinical profile, preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, and pathology reports of all @entity1 with @entity3932 and medically intractable @entity302 evaluated in our @entity302 surgery program between 1979 and 2006. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 (male/female = 7/5) were identified. Mean age at @entity410 onset was 11.1 +/- 16.7 months. @entity410 occurred daily in seven @entity1 and weekly in five @entity1 . A facial @entity3809 was noted in 10 cases. Eleven @entity1 evidenced @entity245 and eight were hemiparetic. Eight @entity1 underwent excisional surgery for @entity302 (mean age 10.3 +/- 6.5 year), including hemispherectomy (n = 4) and focal cortical resection (n = 4). Tissue was available for neuropathology in six operated cases and revealed @entity8568 (n = 3) and @entity6795 (n = 4). @entity8568 was associated with @entity6795 in one @entity1 . Brain MRIs were reviewed in 10 of 12 @entity1 and were consistent with @entity600 in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity600 are frequent in @entity1 with medically intractable @entity302 and @entity3932 and may be the primary cause of @entity302 .

title: Medically intractable @entity302 in @entity3932 is associated with cortical XXXX : implications for surgical therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizures']

entities_list: @entity3932 :: ('MESH:D013341', 'Disease') :: ['Sturge-Weber syndrome', 'SWS', 'Sturge-Weber-syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8568 :: ('MESH:D065706', 'Disease') :: ['Polymicrogyria', 'polymicrogyria']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['cortical malformations']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3809 :: ('MESH:D019339', 'Disease') :: ['port-wine stain']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['malformation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Matrilysin ( @entity1917 ) is considered to play an important role in @entity5 progression and @entity3 . The aim of this study was to examine the @entity1917 expression of early-stage undifferentiated @entity356 , and to investigate differences between gastric signet ring cell (SIG) and other @entity189 (non-SIG). METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining of @entity1917 was performed using specimens from 150 @entity1 with early-stage @entity356 (76 SIG, 74 non-SIG). RESULTS: SIG had a larger proportion of @entity1697 and a lower rate of lymphatic invasion than non-SIG (P < 0.05). The incidence of the positive expression of @entity1917 in submucosal SIG was significantly higher than that of mucosal SIG (P < 0.01). In contrast, @entity1917 expression was frequently found in mucosal non-SIG, suggesting an apparent difference in the invasiveness between mucosal SIG and non-SIG. The larger the size of the mucosal SIG, the more frequently @entity1917 positive expression was demonstrated (P < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between @entity1917 positive expression and @entity1600 of early SIG (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Early SIG revealed less invasiveness than non-SIG in terms of clinicopathologic features and @entity1917 expression. Preoperative estimation of the @entity1917 expression might be useful as a predictor of submucosal invasion and @entity1600 in early SIG.

title: Matrilsin expression is a useful marker of submucosal invasion and @entity1600 in early stage signet ring cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal-confined carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['undifferentiated carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric undifferentiated carcinomas', 'gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the stomach']


abstract: Cohesin is a conserved multiprotein complex that plays an essential role in sister chromatid cohesion. During interphase, cohesin is required for the establishment of cohesion following DNA replication. Because cohesin mutants resulted in increased sensitivity to DNA damage, a role for cohesin in DNA repair was also suggested. However, it was unclear whether this was due to general perturbation of cohesion or whether cohesin has a specialized role at the damage site. We therefore used a laser microbeam to create DNA damage at discrete sites in the cell nucleus and observed specific in vivo assembly of proteins at these sites by immunofluorescent detection. We observed that @entity1 cohesin is recruited to the damage site immediately after damage induction. Analysis of mutant cells revealed that cohesin recruitment to the damage site is dependent on the DNA double-strand break repair factor @entity15124 / @entity15125 but not ATM or @entity9485 . Consistently, @entity15124 / @entity15125 and cohesin interact with each other in an interphase-specific manner. This interaction peaks in S/G(2) phase, during which cohesin is recruited to the DNA damage. Our results demonstrate the S/G(2)-specific and @entity15124 / @entity15125 -dependent recruitment of @entity1 cohesin to DNA damage, suggesting a specialized subfunction for cohesin in cell cycle-specific DNA double strand break repair.

title: Specific recruitment of XXXX cohesin to laser-induced DNA damage.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Between June 1, 1976 and June 30, 1989 The Regional Trauma Unit at Sunnybrook Medical Centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada received 3730 @entity1 . Of these 335 (9%) sustained a @entity99 , 95% being due to blunt @entity130 . Open peritoneal lavage was performed on 80% of liver @entity130 @entity1 (267/335), 99% being true positive. A laparotomy was performed on 97% of @entity1 (324/335). Major surgical treatment was required in 132 @entity1 (41%) and minor treatment in 192 @entity1 (59%). The remaining 11 @entity1 were treated conservatively (n = 3) or died during resuscitation (n = 8). Morbidity directly related to the @entity99 was seen in 29 of 249 surviving @entity1 (11%) although overall morbidity was 27% (67/249). Reoperation was required in 6% (14/249) with abscess or @entity1410 accounting for 11 of 14 operations. The overall mortality rate was 26% (86/335). Eighty two percent of @entity1 (n = 276) had a grade I, II or III liver @entity130 according to Moore's classification with a mortality of 12% (n = 32). The remaining 18% of @entity1 (n = 59) had a grade IV or V liver @entity130 with a mortality of 44% (n = 26). Of the 86 @entity204 , @entity542 accounted for 48 (56% of @entity204 ); @entity548 for 17 (20%), @entity409 for 1 (1%) and other causes for 20 @entity204 (23%). Thus death due to the @entity99 itself ( @entity548 and @entity295 ) occurred in 18 out of 335 @entity1 (5% overall). @entity542 accounted for the death of 48 out of 335 @entity1 (14% overall). Over the past 13 years a trend has occurred at our institution whereby we are seeing less liver @entity130 in our population of multiply injured @entity1 from 12% (1976-1983) down to 7% (1985-1989); with a gradual decline in overall mortality from 32% (1976-1983) to 19% (1985-1989), whereas the percentage of @entity204 due to @entity542 and @entity99 have increased.

title: Blunt liver XXXX at sunnybrook Medical Centre: a 13 year experience.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'liver hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Head injury', 'head injuries', 'head injury']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver sepsis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: There is clinical evidence that @entity348 ( @entity348 ) @entity1 can present persistent @entity1395 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of @entity1395 symptoms in such @entity1 , assess whether a @entity1395 could be caused by @entity348 or become evident after it. An observational study was carried out comparing two groups of 100 @entity1 each, all with homogeneous characteristics. Group A was treated with total lobectomy (TL), Group B with @entity348 . All @entity1 presented normal thyroid hormone levels. The @entity1 were interviewed in order to identify the ones affected by post-operative @entity1395 persisting for at least six months, with reduced ability to perform physical and mental work, not showing improvement with rest. The severity of the symptoms has been measured by means of the brief fatigue inventory (BFI). Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate statistically significative differences between groups and prognostic factors in @entity348 group. The incidence of post-operative @entity1395 was 0  % after TL and 25  % after @entity348 , with the operation being the only significant variable. Asthenia is well known as symptom of post-thyroidectomy, but it has not been adequately investigated as consequence of surgery. We demonstrated that the complete removal of the thyroid gland could determine chronic post-thyroidectomy @entity1395 , although with intensity limited to low/moderate. Post-thyroidectomy @entity1395 is a relevant sequela interfering with quality of life of at least 25  % of @entity1 operated, suggesting the need to identify its real causes and limit the indication to @entity348 only when strictly required.

title: Post-thyroidectomy chronic XXXX : self-deception or disease?

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TT', 'post-total thyroidectomy']

entities_list: @entity1395 :: ('MESH:D001247', 'Disease') :: ['asthenia', 'chronic asthenia syndrome']

answer: @entity1395 :: (MESH:D001247,Disease) :: ['asthenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Approximately 10% of @entity63 @entity64 are caused by @entity543 ( @entity543 ). Estimated prevalence of asymptomatic @entity543 is 1%. PURPOSE: To evaluate evidence on screening and treating asymptomatic adults for @entity543 . DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and trial registries through September 2013; MEDLINE through March 2014 for trials. STUDY SELECTION: Good- or fair-quality trials of screening, @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ), or stenting compared with medical therapy or of intensification of medical therapy; systematic reviews; multi-institution studies reporting harms; and externally validated risk-stratification tools. DATA EXTRACTION: Dual extraction and quality assessment. DATA SYNTHESIS: No trials compared screening with no screening or stenting with medical therapy or assessed intensification of medical therapy, and no externally validated, reliable risk-stratification tools were found. Given the specificity of ultrasonography (range, 88% to 94% for @entity543 >=  50% to >=  70%), its use in low-prevalence populations would yield many false-positive results. Absolute reduction of nonperioperative @entity64 was 5.5% (95% CI, 3.9% to 7.0%; 3 trials; 5223 @entity1 ) over approximately 5 years for @entity3538 compared with medical therapy. The 30-day rates of @entity64 or @entity204 after @entity3538 in trials and cohort studies were 2.4% (CI, 1.7% to 3.1%; 6 trials; 3435 @entity1 ) and 3.3% (CI, 2.7% to 3.9%; 7 studies; 17474 @entity1 ), respectively. Other harms of interventions included @entity583 , @entity128 , and @entity1410 . LIMITATIONS: Trials may have overestimated benefits and used highly selected surgeons. Medical therapy used in trials was outdated, and @entity64 rates have declined in recent decades. Harms may have been underreported. CONCLUSION: Current evidence does not establish incremental overall benefit of @entity3538 , stenting, or intensification of medical therapy. Potential for overall benefit is limited by low prevalence and harms. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

title: Screening for asymptomatic XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['carotid endarterectomy', 'CEA']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis', 'CAS']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stenosis']


abstract: This study compared patterns of parenteral antibiotic treatment by emergency physicians with literature-derived guidelines in the management of wound care. All @entity1 who received parenteral antibiotics as part of wound management in an urban general @entity341 ( @entity341 ) (annual volume 65,000) and did not receive subsequent consultation or admission were prospectively studied for 4 weeks (July 18 to August 15, 1994). Data collected included age, sex, antibiotic, route of administration, dose, cost, diagnosis, and board certification of emergency physician. Antibiotic choice and dose were reviewed by study-blinded physicians and compared with criteria based on a review of the current wound care literature. Wound characteristics justifying antibiotic prophylaxis were derived from the literature and included immunocompromised @entity1 , wounds with debris or occurring under contaminated circumstances, wounds with @entity2688 or purulent drainage, wounds older than 18 hours, and @entity130 . The study included 72 @entity1 , and 13 (18%) antibiotic discrepancies were found. @entity7048 (n = 49 [64%]) and @entity2756 (n = 25 [35%]) were the most commonly prescribed parenteral antibiotics, with @entity7048 used in 9 (69%) and @entity2756 in 4 (31%) of discrepant cases. There were not significant differences in discrepant parenteral antibiotic by emergency physicians' board certification. There were no significant demographic differences between @entity1 receiving discrepant and nondiscrepant antibiotics. The excess cost of discrepant parenteral antibiotics during this small study period was  380. Approximately one fifth of the parenteral antibiotics prescribed during wound care administered in the @entity341 were discrepant with current recommendations derived from the literature.

title: Overuse of parenteral antibiotics for wound care in an urban XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity7048 :: ('MESH:D002437', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefazolin', 'cefazolin']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['crush injuries']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity12983 is a @entity5 that arises from alpha cells in the pancreas and is often accompanied by a characteristic clinical syndrome. DESIGN: In this report, we present the cumulative experience and clinical characteristics of six @entity1 diagnosed with @entity12983 and the @entity12983 and treated at our centre during the past 25 years. RESULTS: Although the course of the disease was variable, some features were similar. The median age at diagnosis was 53  5 years; the median time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 39 months. Presenting symptoms were as follows: weight loss 5/6 (83%), @entity39 migratory erythema (NME) 5/6 (83%), @entity6 4/6 (66%) and @entity294 , weakness and @entity715 2/6 (33%). Plasma glucagon was elevated in all @entity1 upon diagnosis (range 200-10,000 pm; N < 50). Skin biopsy was diagnostic only in 1/6 specimens obtained, even after revision. @entity3 developed in all @entity1 ; 4/6 initially presented with hepatic @entity3 . All @entity1 symptoms responded to @entity1943 analogue therapy. In 4/6, the NME responded to @entity535 solutions. Other modes of therapy were as follows: surgery in 3/6 @entity1 , peptide receptor radioligand therapy with (90) Y-DOTATOC (PRRT) in 3/6 @entity1 (two responses) and chemotherapy in three @entity1 (two responded). Four out of six @entity1 died of the disease, and median survival time was 6  25 years (range 2-11) from diagnosis and 8 years (range 8-16) from initial symptoms. Five-year survival was 66%. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that @entity1943 analogues and an aggressive surgical approach offer symptom relief and @entity5 control. Among other available treatment modalities, PRRT seems to hold the most promise.

title: @entity12983 and the XXXX - cumulative experience with @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity12983 :: ('MESH:D005935', 'Disease') :: ['glucagonoma syndrome', 'glucagonoma', 'Glucagonoma']

answer: @entity12983 :: (MESH:D005935,Disease) :: ['glucagonoma syndrome']


abstract: Active @entity29 ( @entity29 ) is characterized by increased monocyte secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Immunoregulatory cytokines such as Interleukin (IL)-4, @entity688 , and @entity4047 are capable of inhibiting the proinflammatory cytokine response of activated monocytes. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of different antiinflammatory cytokines under various culture conditions and to evaluate combinations of antiinflammatory cytokines in down-regulating monocyte response in @entity29 . Peripheral monocytes from @entity1 with active @entity29 were isolated and stimulated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM). @entity3646 , @entity688 , @entity4047 and a combination of @entity3646 / @entity688 and @entity688 / @entity4047 were added at different concentrations and different times. Secretion of @entity1356 and @entity310 was assessed using sandwich ELISA systems. There was a diminished down-regulation of @entity310 by @entity3646 and @entity4047 in @entity29 when the cytokines were added at the time of stimulation, while there was a significantly higher down-regulation when monocytes were primed with these Th-2 cytokines 24 hr before activation. @entity688 plus @entity3646 and @entity688 plus @entity4047 , respectively, inhibited the proinflammatory cytokine response of monocytes as well as matured macrophages much more than @entity3646 , @entity688 , or @entity4047 alone. Even at suboptimal concentrations for each cytokine alone, a combination of cytokines showed synergistic inhibitory effects. In summary, a combination of antiinflammatory cytokines is more effective in down-regulating the response of activated monocytes than using the cytokines alone and thus may have a potential therapeutic benefit for @entity1 with @entity29 .

title: Synergistic effect of immunoregulatory cytokines on peripheral blood monocytes from XXXX with @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the treatment of urinary calculi in @entity600 . METHODS: From April 1988 to December 2000, we have treated 158 @entity1 with @entity600 (36 horseshoe kidneys, 32 caliceal diverticula, 2 megacaliosis, 2 crossed renal ectopy, 3 polycystosis, 7 hydrocalyx, 24 complete @entity1698 , 18 incomplete @entity1698 , 22 ureterocele, 2 segmental megaureter). RESULTS: Renoureteral malformations were diagnosed in 158 of 19,000 @entity1 that were treated in our stone unit from April 1988 and December 2000. @entity8 : 54% of the @entity1 treated by ESWL are stone-free; PNL was performed in 2 @entity1 and conventional surgery in another 2 @entity1 . Caliceal diverticulum: 42% of the @entity1 treated by ESWL are stone-free; 3 @entity1 underwent conventional surgery. Other @entity8 : 62% of the @entity1 treated by ESWL are stone-free. @entity1901 : @entity1698 and megaureter: 82% of the @entity1 treated by ESWL are stone-free. Ureterocele: due to the poor results achieved by ESWL, we performed endoscopic transurethral meatotomy. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that ESWL alone can be considered to be the treatment of choice for small calculi in @entity1 with @entity8 , although we consider it to be mandatory to perform individual assessment of the urinary tract and stone size in these @entity1 in order to choose the best therapeutic option. The same criteria for the normal urinary tract can be applied in ureteral malformations except ureteroceles, for which we advocate performing endoscopic surgery for stone removal.

title: [Current treatment of lithiasis in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal malformations', 'Horseshoe kidney']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['Ureteral malformations']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['renoureteral malformations']

entities_list: @entity1698 :: ('MESH:D014516', 'Disease') :: ['duplex ureter']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['congenital renoureteral malformations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: hospital personnel are at high risk of exposure, @entity281 , and transmission of @entity99 . The present study aimed at investigating the knowledge, attitude, and performance of health service providers to provide them with the information required for their educational promotion on @entity99 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 staff of the forenamed healthcare settings such as on nurses, midwives, licensed practical nurses, and lab officials in Isfahan, Iran, in 2012. A checklist including demographic data and questions associated with the knowledge (18 questions), attitude (4 questions), and performance (15 questions) on @entity1956 and C was completed by the @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of 388 @entity1 completed the checklist. @entity1 ' knowledge on the ways of transmission, prevalence, vaccination, and prevention methods was moderate (total score = 58.56    10.1 percent) and the attitude was generally positive. Proper vaccination was carried out by 81.4% of the @entity1 . @entity130 by a needle was reported in 47.7% of the @entity1 , but only 37.6% of them reported it to higher authorities and of them only 13.7% received appropriate treatment. Only 44.3% and 11.6% of @entity1 reported always using gloves and masks, respectively, and 58.8% of the staff covered the needle cap before transferring it to the safety box. CONCLUSIONS: Due to excessive contact with @entity1 , a paramedic-educated society is expected to have an optimal level of knowledge, attitude, and performance related to @entity99 . Our results from the checklists showed that medical personnel are not appropriately aware of @entity99 and their performance, too, is not satisfactory. Further continuous training is required and there needs to be more emphasis on actions regarding behaviors with high risk of @entity281 transmission.

title: Knowledge, attitude, and performance of medical staff of teaching healthcare settings about XXXX and C in Isfahan, Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['viral hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Accidental injury']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In recent years it was disclosed, that numerous organotin(IV) derivatives have remarkable @entity137 against several types of @entity5 cells. The property to inhibit cell growth makes these compounds promising for antitumor therapy, as the clinical effectiveness of cisplatin is limited by drug resistance and significant side effects. Tributyltin and triphenyltin are known as endocrine disruptors. Moreover, the compounds exert their @entity137 in mammals predominantly through nuclear receptor signaling. Here we present the effects of tributyltin chloride (TBT-Cl) and triphenyltin chloride (TPT-Cl) on cell proliferation, expression of proapoptotic @entity876 , @entity589 , and antiapoptotic @entity588 proteins in @entity1 @entity0 MCF-7 cell line. Dose and time dependent (24, 48 and 72h) cell expositions have demonstrated TBT-Cl as more effective in inhibiting MCF-7 cell proliferation than TPT-Cl. Short time treatment with TBT-Cl displayed marked stimulation of @entity876 protein expression when compared to TPT-Cl. Both organotin compounds displayed similar mild enhancement of @entity589 protein expression. The 24h exposition of TPT-Cl induced substantial diminution of @entity588 protein expression in comparison with both, untreated cells and TBT-Cl treated cells. Our observations indicate that TBT-Cl and TPT-Cl have different antiproliferative potency and distinct impact on expression of apoptosis marker proteins.

title: A comparison of the effects of tributyltin chloride and triphenyltin chloride on cell proliferation, proapoptotic @entity876 , XXXX , and antiapoptotic @entity588 protein levels in @entity1 @entity0 MCF-7 cell line.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity589 :: (581,Gene) :: ['Bax']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study @entity158 characteristics and peripheral nerve involvement in @entity1 with @entity158 @entity6 and nondiabetic @entity305 in comparison with @entity1 with non- @entity158 @entity305 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty-five @entity1 with @entity305 (37 with @entity158 @entity305 , of whom 19 had @entity6 and 18 had no @entity6 ; and 18 with painless @entity305 of different etiologies) were examined clinically using quantitative sensory tests and neurophysiology. @entity158 intensity and characteristics were analyzed by daily ratings on a 10-step verbal scale and by a questionnaire. RESULTS: Most @entity1 experienced @entity158 of more than one character. There was no clear difference in character or duration of @entity158 between @entity1 with and without @entity6 . The mean value of the daily rating of @entity158 intensity showed that @entity158 was more severe in the evenings than in the mornings and that @entity6 @entity1 reported worse @entity158 than nondiabetic @entity1 . Thirty-two of the 37 @entity1 with @entity158 had @entity809 and/or dysesthesias, whereas only 7 of 18 @entity1 without @entity158 had @entity809 . @entity158 was always located in the feet, and, in most @entity1 , also in the lower part of the legs. Some @entity1 also experienced @entity158 in the hands. Tactile sensibility, measured by quantitative tests, was more affected in both @entity6 and nondiabetic @entity1 with @entity158 @entity305 compared with @entity1 without @entity158 (p = 0.02). Temperature, @entity158 , and vibratory sensibility were equally affected in all @entity1 groups. Nerve conduction velocity, amplitudes, and distal latency were equally affected in the @entity158 group as compared with the control group, indicating that both thin and thick nerve afferents are affected in @entity1 with @entity158 as well as non- @entity158 @entity305 and that etiology has no clear impact on nerve involvement. CONCLUSIONS: @entity21115 was always located in the feet and more severe in @entity6 @entity1 compared with @entity1 with @entity21115 of other etiologies. The authors also found evidence for a greater tactile sensibility involvement in @entity1 with @entity21115 , irrespective of etiology, whereas other quantitative sensibility and neurography parameters were equally affected in all @entity1 groups.

title: Painful XXXX in @entity1 with and without @entity6 : clinical, neurophysiologic, and quantitative sensory characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesias']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity21115 :: ('MESH:C564945', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathy pain', 'neuropathy pain']

answer: @entity305 :: (MESH:D011115,Disease) :: ['polyneuropathy']


abstract: @entity8285 ( @entity13282 ) is a potent leukocyte chemoattractant, acting on specific receptors, BLT receptors. The aim of this study was to examine the mechanism of action of @entity13282 in the @entity840 lung, using strips of lung parenchyma (GPLP), spirals of @entity825 ( @entity62115 ) and bronchus (GPB) and @entity358 (GPPA). Mechanical responses were studied in organ baths, and mediator release was assessed using enzyme immuno assay. @entity13282 induced similar contractions of GPLP and GPPA, whereas @entity13282 had only small contractile effects in @entity62115 and GPB. In addition, the contractile response to @entity13282 was reproduced in the @entity1 pulmonary artery. In the GPLP, the unselective BLT receptor antagonist @entity42923 abolished the contractions induced by @entity13282 , whereas the selective BLT1 receptor antagonist @entity62116 only partly inhibited the @entity13282 -induced contractions. In the GPPA, both antagonists abolished the response to @entity13282 . The effect of @entity13282 in GPPA and GPLP was indirect and mediated by the release of @entity2404 and @entity112 , as supported by selective pharmacologic interventions and measurements of @entity7489 and @entity112 in the organ baths. In conclusion, the results indicate a new biological function of @entity13282 , namely to constrict isolated pulmonary arteries. Moreover, the findings suggest that the @entity13282 -induced contractions of GPPA were mediated by a BLT1 receptor, whereas BLT2 receptor activation accounted for a major part of the contraction of GPLP, making the latter preparation a suitable assay for BLT2 receptors. British Journal of Pharmacology (2004) 141, 449-456. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705641

title: The contractile action of @entity8285 in the XXXX lung involves a vascular component.

entities_list: @entity8285 :: ('MESH:D007975', 'Chemical') :: ['Leukotriene B4']

entities_list: @entity2404 :: ('MESH:D013928', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane A2']

entities_list: @entity7489 :: ('MESH:D013929', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane B2']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['rings of pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Therapeutic delay has been suggested as the most important factor that is likely to have an effect on the development of @entity2318 after acute @entity2885 . However, this opinion has not been supported by prospective studies, so we tested it. METHODS: In a prospective clinical study, we evaluated whether the time interval between the onset of the @entity8 and the start of therapy correlates with the development of acute inflammatory changes and the subsequent development of @entity8 , documented by @entity9409 scintigraphy. A total of 278 @entity1 (153 male and 125 female) aged 0.5 to 12.0 months with their first @entity293 were enrolled in the study. RESULTS: The median time between the onset of @entity281 and the institution of therapy was 2 days (range: 1-8 days). Renal inflammatory changes were documented in 57% of the @entity1 . @entity8 were recorded in 41% of the @entity1 treated within the first 24 hours since the onset of fever versus 75% of those treated on day 4 and onward. @entity8 was developed in 51% of the @entity1 with an abnormal scan in the acute phase of @entity281 . The frequency of @entity2318 in @entity1 treated early and in those whose treatment was delayed did not differ, suggesting that once acute @entity2885 has occurred, ultimate renal @entity2318 is independent of the timing of therapy. Acute inflammatory changes and subsequent @entity2318 were more frequent in the presence of @entity3025 , especially that which is high grade. However, the difference was not significant, which suggests that @entity8 may be independent of the presence of reflux. CONCLUSIONS: Early and appropriate treatment of @entity293 , especially during the first 24 hours after the onset of symptoms, diminishes the likelihood of renal involvement during the acute phase of the @entity281 but does not prevent scar formation.

title: Does early treatment of XXXX prevent @entity8 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal scarring', 'renal scars', 'renal damage', 'renal infection', 'Renal defects']

entities_list: @entity9409 :: ('MESH:D004113', 'Chemical') :: ['dimercaptosuccinic acid']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['vesicoureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infection']


abstract: Forty-one @entity1 with a total of 46 febrile episodes during @entity3028 were included in a study to evaluate the efficacy of the association of @entity5646 (2 g/6 hours iv) and @entity3400 (4 g/6 hours iv) as an empirical antibiotic treatment. Forty-four episodes were evaluable for efficacy and @entity137 . In 24 episodes (54.5%) response to treatment (disappearance of @entity221 and improvement in the clinical signs of @entity281 in the first 72 hours) was observed. In the subgroup of the microbiologically documented @entity281 , 4 out of 12 episodes (33.3%) showed response to treatment. Gram-positive microorganisms were present in 7 of these 12 episodes (58.3%). @entity2176 rescue treatment obtained a response in the majority of episodes which initially had failed. Overall survival of the treated group was 93.2%. @entity137 of the antibiotic treatment was minimal. In 5 cases there was an increase in the prothrombin time (not clinically significant). Three cases showed @entity1910 . Two cases presented @entity294 due to @entity6636 and one case presented with raised blood @entity648 levels and @entity8 . Some of these manifestations coincided with modifications in the initial treatment regimen. The association of @entity5646 and @entity3400 may be a useful alternative to classical empirical antibiotic treatment in @entity1 with @entity3028 and @entity221 . Initial addition of @entity2176 is recommended especially in centres with a high incidence of @entity281 due to Gram-positive micro-organisms or in @entity1 with venous catheters.

title: @entity5646 in association with XXXX as an empirical antibiotic-treatment in febrile granulocytopenic @entity1 with solid tumors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin', 'Vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous rash']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity6636 :: ('MESH:D064806', 'Disease') :: ['dysbacteriosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5646 :: ('MESH:D001398', 'Chemical') :: ['aztreonam']

answer: @entity3400 :: (MESH:D010878,Chemical) :: ['piperacillin']