abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7250 in the setting of @entity1503 can be categorized into paraneoplastic-associated SS, drug-induced SS, and SS with @entity1778 cutis. Apart from those cases demonstrating concomitant leukemic infiltrates, it has been surmised that SS is a reactive phenomenon induced by a specific cytokine milieu. METHODS: The authors present a @entity1 with @entity2280 + @entity3052 (AAML) who developed SS in the setting @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) therapy. Routine light microscopy and molecular studies were carried on the @entity1 's skin biopsy specimen and post-treatment marrow. An X inactivation assay for clonality was employed. RESULTS: Routine light microscopic examination revealed differentiated myeloid precursors including myelocytes and metamyelocytes within the subcutis; myeloblasts were not identified. In addition, in the overlying skin, features typical of SS were observed. The neutrophils demonstrated @entity6349 features including hypolobation compatible with a Pseudo @entity8990 . X inactivation studies showed clonality both within her post-treatment marrow and skin biopsy specimen. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7250 developing in @entity2280 + @entity3052 @entity1 following @entity1261 therapy likely reflects therapy induced differentiation of sequestered leukemic cells, hence indicative of a clonal @entity7250 .

title: @entity7250 in the setting of @entity2280 -positive @entity3052 treated with @entity1261 : evidence for a clonal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8990 :: ('MESH:D010381', 'Disease') :: ['Pelger-Huet anomaly']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['GCSF', 'granulocyte colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity7250 :: ('MESH:D016463', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilic dermatosis', "Sweet's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic dyscrasias']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity7250 :: (MESH:D016463,Disease) :: ['neutrophilic dermatosis']


abstract: The clinical and endocrine characteristics of 12 Japanese @entity1 with @entity619 -suppressible @entity1368 were compared with those in 49 Japanese @entity1 with @entity1368 due to aldosteronoma. The results were as follows: 1. Most of the laboratory data in the two groups were almost the same. 2. The grade of @entity1504 in both uncontrolled (3) and well-controlled (9) @entity1 with @entity619 -suppressible @entity1368 did not correlate with blood pressure response. 3. The responsiveness of plasma @entity1369 to exogenous ACTH in 6 @entity1 with @entity619 -suppressible @entity1368 was not different from that in 9 @entity1 with aldosteronoma. Even in 3 well-controlled @entity1 in the former group, the plasma @entity1369 response was as low as in all the 3 @entity1 with small aldosteronomas. 4. In 4 @entity1 with small aldosteronomas, plasma @entity1369 was continuously suppressed with daily @entity619 to the same degree as in @entity619 -suppressible @entity1368 . 5. The blood pressure, however, did not improve even in the @entity1 with small aldosteronomas. The possible indistinguishable mechanism in @entity619 -suppressible @entity1368 and @entity1368 with small @entity652 and the role of unknown hypertensinogenic steroid(s) other than @entity1369 in inducing @entity101 in @entity619 -suppressible @entity1368 are discussed.

title: Study on clinical and endocrine characteristics of @entity619 -suppressible @entity1368 compared with those in @entity1368 owing to XXXX -producing @entity652 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['vascular damage']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['hyperaldosteronism', 'primary aldosteronism']

answer: @entity1369 :: (MESH:D000450,Chemical) :: ['aldosterone']


abstract: Comparative genomic hybridization was applied to detect and map changes in DNA copy number in 24 well or moderately @entity43 (eight serous, eight mucinous and eight @entity4348 ). Twenty-three of the 24 @entity5 showed changes in DNA copy number in one or several regions (median 4, range 1-17). Gains were more frequent than losses (ratio 1.6:1.0). The most frequent gains occurred in chromosomes 1q (38%), 2p (29%), 7q (25%), 8q(38%) and 17q (38%), and the most common losses were located in chromosomes 8p (21%), 9p (25%) and 13q (21%). High-level amplifications were detected in seven @entity5 at 1q22-32, 2p15-22, 3qcen-23, 6p21-22 and 8q. In the three histological subtypes the copy number karyotypes showed substantial differences. Gains at 1q were observed in endometrioid (five cases) and serous @entity5 (four cases). Increased copy number at 10q was seen in @entity5 only (four cases), whereas gains at 11q occurred mostly in serous @entity5 (four cases). In @entity5 , the most common copy number change was a gain at 17q (six cases). The results show that, in @entity43 , changes in DNA copy number are a rule rather than an exception, chromosomes 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 13 and 17 being the most frequently affected. The diverging pattern of genetic changes seen in epithelial @entity43 with different histological phenotypes suggests that various pathways may lead to tumorigenesis and/or progression in these subgroups.

title: Evidence for divergence of DNA copy number changes in serous, mucinous and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinomas', 'differentiated epithelial ovarian carcinomas', 'epithelial ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous tumours', 'endometrioid tumours', 'tumours']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['endometrioid ovarian carcinomas']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Intravenous @entity619 ( @entity3784 ) is used as adjuvant medication in @entity4008 of childhood, although no single study has proven its efficacy against @entity204 , severe @entity16 , or @entity393 . Meta-analyses do not facilitate interpretation, because they combine profoundly dissimilar populations and neglect the @entity1 's presenting condition. Important new information was revealed by a large double-blind, prospective study from Latin America in which the effects of oral @entity653 ( @entity4022 ) were compared with those of @entity3784 . RECENT FINDINGS: Of 654 @entity1 , mainly with @entity327 type b or @entity2506 , 166 received @entity3784 , 159 @entity3784 and @entity4022 , 166 @entity4022 , and 163 placebo. Neither of the adjuvants prevented @entity393 , regardless of agent or timing of antibiotic. Instead of the causative agent, the presenting status was the only characteristic that associated with all three outcomes. @entity4022 , but not @entity3784 , prevented @entity16 , especially in @entity327 type b @entity693 . The likely mechanism of @entity4022 is the increase in plasma osmolality. Cerebrospinal fluid genome counts differ enormously and predict @entity204 in pneumococcal but not @entity327 influenzae type b @entity693 . SUMMARY: Being the first adjuvant in childhood @entity693 with documented clinically meaningful benefits, @entity4022 seriously challenges the position of @entity3784 as adjuvant medication. Severe @entity16 are relieved by @entity4022 , whereas no current medication prevents @entity393 .

title: Improving the outcomes in XXXX with @entity4008 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological sequelae']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['Haemophilus influenzae', 'Haemophilus']

entities_list: @entity2506 :: ('MESH:D008586', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing impairment']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: In mammals, sex is determined by an XY male:XX female sex chromosome system in which a male-dominant gene on the Y chromosome ( @entity16438 ) determines @entity1062 formation. Sex chromosomes evolved from an ordinary autosome pair as the Y chromosome was progressively degraded. The Y chromosome has lost nearly all of its 1500 original genes, and those that survived did so because they evolved a critical role in male determination or differentiation. @entity16438 is typical of Y-borne genes. Comparative gene mapping and sequencing shows that @entity16438 arose quite recently as a degraded version of the @entity41011 gene on the X chromosome. @entity41011 is expressed predominantly in brain, and so is more likely to be a brain-determining than a @entity1062 -determining gene. The male-dominant action of SRYmay be an illusion, as its structure suggests that it works by interfering with the action of a related gene, which in turn inhibits @entity1062 development. This hypothesis can give a good account of how a brain-determining gene acquired a role in @entity1062 determination via differential dosage of @entity41011 . SRYhas no central role in sex determination and it can be replaced as a trigger and loft, as have many other Y-borne genes in recent evolutionary history. The absence of @entity16438 in two species of the mole vole (Ellobius) suggests that its useful life is already running out.

title: From brain determination to XXXX determination: evolution of the mammalian sex-determining gene.

answer: @entity1062 :: (MESH:D013736,Disease) :: ['testis']


abstract: We report our experience of hearing preservation in @entity5513 surgery, using combined retrosigmoid and middle fossa approaches. @entity808 operated on between 1987 and 1994 were included in this retrospective study. Hearing preservation surgery was performed for @entity1 with grade II or grade III @entity5 (mean average @entity5 diameter: 14.4 mm), presenting with normal or serviceable pre-operative hearing (pure tonal average decrease less than 50 dB, speech discrimination score better than 50%). Isolated middle fossa approach was used in 3 cases, isolated retrosigmoid approach in 2 cases. The 45 other cases were operated on using both routes during the same procedure. Total @entity5 with anatomic facial preservation was performed in all cases. No @entity204 occurred. The facial function assessed 3 months after surgery was good in 84% of cases (House-Brackmann grades I or II). The mean follow-up was 42 months. Post-operative hearing was measurable in 48% of cases and serviceable in 30% of cases. The size of the @entity5 and the level of preoperative hearing appear to be the most important predictive criteria for successful hearing preservation.

title: [Results of hearing preservation in surgery of XXXX . Value of combined retrosigmoid and middle fossa approaches].

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['Fifty neurinomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neurinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'removal of the tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannoma']


abstract: @entity1418 ( @entity1418 ) of the spermatic cord is rare, and most published cases are single case reports that emphasize clinical presentation and management. We describe in detail the histopathologic features of 2 cases of high-grade storiform-pleomorphic @entity1418 arising in the spermatic cord. Both @entity5 occurred in elderly @entity1 , 65 years and 70 years, and were 4 cm (Case 1) and 5 cm (Case 2) in greatest dimension. The @entity5 mass in Case 1 was associated with satellite @entity5 nodules. At last follow-up, in Case 1 the @entity1 died of @entity3 , and in Case 2, the @entity1 is alive and well 46 months after diagnosis. Review of the literature reveals 33 additional cases published in English (17 cases) or Japanese (16 cases) that include histologic description. Including the 2 cases in this report, most of the @entity5 occurred in older (than 50 years) @entity1 (28 of 35 cases, 80%) and occurred as solitary masses that ranged in diameter from less than 1 cm to more than 20 cm. Nine @entity1 presented with satellite @entity5 nodules. Twenty-nine (83%) @entity5 were of the storiform-pleomorphic type, with 3 giant cell type, 2 inflammatory type, and 1 myxoid type. These features do not differ significantly from @entity1418 in other anatomic sites. Clinical follow-up is available in 33 cases (3-174 months; mean, 31.5 months). Twelve @entity1 developed recurrence and @entity3 ; at least 4 @entity1 died of the disease. @entity5 size does not predict the clinical progression; however, @entity1 with progressive @entity5 were commonly associated with satellite nodules at time of presentation, an indication of early local @entity3 .

title: XXXX of the spermatic cord: report of two cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant fibrous histiocytoma', 'MFH']

answer: @entity1418 :: (MESH:D051677,Disease) :: ['Malignant fibrous histiocytoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although aggressive fluid hydration prevents a @entity177 ( @entity8 ) during laparoscopic donor nephrectomy, excess fluid is deleterious. We assessed whether goal-directed fluid administration, based on hemodynamic measures, would maintain @entity8 during @entity516 with less fluid loading. METHODS: In a pilot study of 7 @entity1707 , goal-directed fluid administration was guided by monitoring of @entity64 volume (SV) by esophageal Doppler measurement. During 15 mmHg @entity515 @entity516 , a bolus of 5 mL/kg 0.9% @entity1219 was given when SV decreased to 90% of baseline. Next, 18 @entity1707 were randomized into 3 groups: low fluid (5 mL/kg per hour), high fluid (25 mL/kg per hour) and goal directed. Urine output, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, SV, and @entity8 were recorded every 15 minutes. RESULTS: Pilot data revealed mean @entity8 (mL/min per 100 g) was maintained (40 vs 39) during @entity516 using goal-directed therapy. In the randomized study, @entity8 was decreased in the low fluid group (43 vs 29; P= .02), but maintained in the high (46 vs 40) and goal-directed (42 vs 39) groups. Mean fluid administered in the goal-directed group during @entity516 was 10 mL/kg and only 3 of 6 of @entity1707 required boluses. Urine output was decreased in all 3 groups. CONCLUSION: A goal-directed strategy during @entity516 allows for tailored fluid administration and maintains @entity8 with lower volumes of intravenous fluid.

title: Targeting individual hemodynamics to maintain renal perfusion during XXXX in a porcine model.

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in renal cortical perfusion']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

answer: @entity516 :: (MESH:D011027,Disease) :: ['pneumoperitoneum']


abstract: Dried blood spots (DBSs) technology was evaluated in an assay for the quantitation of @entity14031 (DM) and its metabolite, @entity3982 (DT), in @entity1 whole blood using high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method (LC- @entity15 / @entity15 ). Both the parent drug and metabolite were spiked in the blood matrix and subsequently allowed to dry on a specimen collection card. The dried blood spots were removed using a manual punch and then extracted into @entity7389 ( @entity7389 ). The organic supernatant was transferred and evaporated and the residue was reconstituted in 20% @entity1626 . The overall method recovery of DM and DT was 87.8% and 95.4%, respectively. The assay was linear over the concentration range of 0.2-200ng/mL for both analytes. Several factors that potentially affect DBS assay quantitation were investigated, such as punch size, DBS sample punch-out location, and the volume of the blood sample pipetted on the specimen collection cards. The study determined that punch size does not affect assay quantitation accuracy. Indeed, a larger punch size increases the sensitivity due to the larger sampled blood spots. Sampling from different location on the specimen collection cards shows no significant variation for both drugs. The study also shows that acceptable results can be achieved with some variation of the sample volume, which allows a simple blood sampling procedure at the test sites. To achieve the similar lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) as the plasma assay, several blood spots at the same concentration level were stacked together and extracted. Bioanalytical assays using the DBS technique are promising given the advantages of the method over the plasma assay.

title: Study of dried blood spots technique for the determination of @entity14031 and its metabolite dextrorphan in XXXX whole blood by LC- @entity15 / @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity14031 :: ('MESH:D003915', 'Chemical') :: ['dextromethorphan']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity3982 :: ('MESH:D003917', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrorphan']

entities_list: @entity7389 :: ('MESH:C043243', 'Chemical') :: ['MTBE', 'methyl tert-butyl ether']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The physiological role of cellular @entity1968 -binding proteins (CRABPs) may be to influence the intracellular level of free @entity1968 in the cell. In the present study two isoforms of @entity54044 , @entity54044 and @entity19958 were partially characterized in various @entity1 Malpighian epithelia and in @entity1 cultured keratinocytes expressing various patterns of differentiation. We have developed a new sensitive radiobinding assay using a PAGE/autoradioblotting technique which effectively separates @entity54044 and @entity19958 . This method allows the simultaneous quantification of these proteins. We show that @entity54045 have similar M(r) values (15,000), but differ in their dissociation constant towards @entity1968 (Kd of 16.6 nM and 50 nM respectively), in pI (4.86 and 5.13) and in their relative mobilities (RF) on PAGE under nondenaturating conditions (RF values 0.65 and 0.44). In addition, we show that @entity19958 is the major isoform expressed in @entity1 keratinocytes, in vivo as in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate that @entity19958 is actually the @entity54044 previously studied in epidermal cells by a PAGE assay (Siegenthaler _ Saurat (1987) Eur. J Biochem. 166, 209-214) and whose levels are dramatically increased by @entity1968 and its analogues in @entity1 epidermis. Keratinocytes, in the absence of full terminal differentiation, as well as @entity1373 , such as cultured @entity1 differentiating keratinocytes, psoriatic plaques, and non-keratinized oral mucosa, contained high levels of @entity19958 . @entity54044 was not detected in cultured keratinocytes, whereas normal skin (at full terminal differentiation) expressed @entity54044 and @entity19958 at a ratio of approx. 1:1.4. This value was approx. 1:17 in lesional psoriatic skin and 1:8 in oral mucosa. These observations suggest that @entity54045 are regulated differently in @entity1 keratinocytes. The sharp increases in @entity19958 levels are associated with an alteration in the differentiation programme, as well as with cell response to @entity1968 overload, whereas @entity54044 might be a marker for terminal differentiation.

title: Expression of XXXX in @entity1 epidermal cells. Alteration of relative protein amounts is linked to the state of differentiation.

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity54045 :: (1381;1382,Gene) :: ['CRABP-I and -II']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of integrated treatment on negative, @entity716 and disorganised symptoms in @entity1 with first @entity716 . METHOD: A RCT comparing integrated treatment (IT) with standard treatment (ST) was conducted, including 547 @entity1 , aged 18-45, diagnosed with @entity161 spectrum disorders. All @entity1 were assessed with SCAN, SAPS and @entity12269 at entry and after 1 and 2 years. The IT consisted of assertive community treatment, multifamily groups, psycho-education and social skills training, and the caseload was 1:10 compared with 1:25 in ST. Since @entity6661 was considerable, a mixed model analysis with repeated measurements was used to examine the possible effects of IT statistically. RESULTS: IT reduced both negative and positive symptoms significantly better than ST. Most marked were the results from the negative dimension, where all five global scores from @entity12269 had a significantly better reduction in IT. Sub-analyses did not single out any one element in the integrated treatment that could explain this result. CONCLUSION: Integrated treatment significantly reduced both negative and @entity716 , assumably due to the different psychosocial treatment elements that were provided in the IT. The results indicate that the integrated approach is crucial, since, most likely, many aspects of the integrated treatment have contributed to the @entity304 .

title: Integrated treatment ameliorates negative symptoms in first XXXX --results from the Danish OPUS trial.

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of symptoms']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['episode psychosis', 'psychotic', 'psychotic symptoms']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['episode psychosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To present a case series of @entity1 with @entity174 treated by direct exposure and buttress plate fixation through posterior inverted L-shaped approach. METHODS: Between August 2007 and July 2010, eight middle aged @entity1 were identified to have @entity174 . All the eight @entity1 underwent direct fracture exposure, reduction under visualization, and buttress plate fixation through posterior inverted L-shaped approach. RESULTS: All the cases were followed for an average of 28.1 months (24-36 months). All the cases had satisfactory reduction except one case, which had a 3-mm stepoff postoperatively. None of the complications such as @entity39 or the loosening and breakage of the internal fixator occurred. The average radiographic bony union time and full weightbearing time were 11.5 weeks (10-14 weeks), and 13.8 weeks (11-17 weeks) respectively. The average range of motion of the affected knee was from 3.6   to 127.8   at 1 year after the operation. CONCLUSIONS: The posterior inverted L-shaped approach would not involve osteotomy, tendotomy or division of muscles, while allowing satisfied visualization of the entire posterior aspect of tibial plateau and appropriate placement of hardware. This approach is a safe and effective way for the treatment of @entity174 .

title: A posterior inverted L-shaped approach for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['posterior bicondylar tibial plateau fractures']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['infection, necrosis of the skin incision']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['posterior bicondylar tibial plateau fractures']


abstract: By using rabbit antiserum to a glycolipid, @entity50072 (ASGM1), the accessory effect of natural killer (NK) cells on the generation of alloimmune CTL in @entity19 was investigated. When normal C3H/He @entity19 were immunized with C57BL/6 or BALB/c spleen cells, they generated alloimmune CTL with a surface marker phenotype of @entity3512 + @entity6689 -2+ ASGM1-, preceded by early augmentation of cytotoxic activity of NK cells with a @entity3512 - @entity6689 -2-ASGM1+ phenotype. Administration of anti-ASGM1 (10 microliters) in @entity19 resulted in a complete depletion of NK activity and ASGM1+ cells in the spleen even 1 day after injection, but no changes in the proportions of T ( @entity3512 +) cells and their @entity6689 and @entity3414 subsets as revealed by an immunofluorescence analyzer ( @entity10062 ) and phagocytic cells. When these anti-ASGM1-treated @entity19 were immunized with allogeneic cells, they showed neither augmented NK activity nor generation of alloimmune CTL, and spleen cells isolated from these anti-ASGM1-treated @entity19 produced no CTL response to alloimmunization in vitro. Normal spleen cells treated with the antiserum and complement in vitro also showed a complete NK depletion without any deterioration of T cells and their @entity6689 and @entity3414 subsets, and when stimulated with allogeneic cells they generated no CTL. Spleen NK (ASGM1+) cells were purified by Percoll-gradient centrifugations followed by complement-dependent killing of T cells with the use of anti- @entity3512 monoclonal antibody, and were further purified by panning methods with anti-ASGM1, giving a preparation consisting of greater than 90% ASGM1+, Ly-5+ cells, and less than 0.5% of @entity3512 +, @entity6689 +, and @entity3414 + cells. These purified ASGM1+ @entity3512 - cells alone generated no alloimmune CTL in response to alloantigens, suggesting that ASGM1+ NK cells contained no precursors of alloimmune CTL. When added into NK-depleted spleen cells, they restored the normal alloimmune CTL response of the spleen cells, indicating that ASGM1+ fractions contained cells to provide an accessory function for CTL generation. @entity6689 + cells purified by panning methods did not restore the CTL response of NK-depleted spleen cells. These results indicate that ASGM1+ NK cells, but not @entity6689 + helper T cells contaminating ASGM1+ fractions at undetectable levels, are responsible for the accessory function. When these purified ASGM1+ @entity3512 - cells were stimulated with allogeneic cells, they produced @entity2047 and IFN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Suppression of alloimmune cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) generation by depletion of NK cells and restoration by interferon and/or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity50072 :: ('MESH:C018835', 'Chemical') :: ['ganglio-n-tetraosylceramide']

answer: @entity2047 :: (16183(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['interleukin 2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Koebner phenomenon (KP) in @entity1694 has been redefined and classified recently. OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical characteristics of various grades of KP. METHODS: In this prospective cross-sectional study, 202 @entity1 with @entity1694 were studied between January 2011 and December 2012 for the presence of KP. Based on the new Vitiligo European Task Force guidelines, KP was classified as type 1-3 and grades   -IV. Disease characteristics were studied in the various groups and subgroups based on the presence of KP. RESULTS: Koebner phenomenon was seen in 130 of 202 @entity1 . The mean age of @entity1 showing KP was 23.9    13.6 years, compared with 19.3    12.4 years for @entity1 not showing KP (P = 0.02). The mean body surface area involved in the KP-positive group was 4.6    5.6%, vs. 1.5    1.1% in the KP-negative group (P = 0.001). Fifty-five @entity1 experiencing KP received low-dose @entity619 oral minipulse therapy compared with nine of those who did not (P = 0.01). Of the 130 @entity1 with KP, grade    KP was seen in 32, grade II KP in 116, grade III KP in 22 and grade IV KP in 16. There was a significant difference between type 1 and type 2A KP, and between type 2A and type 2B KP. In contrast, type 1 and type 2B KP were found not to be significantly different and had a good degree of correlation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with KP have a significantly higher age at onset, more extensive cutaneous involvement and are more likely to receive systemic @entity230 for disease control. Type 2A disease was found to be distinct from the other subtypes.

title: Type 2A Koebner phenomenon in XXXX is distinct from other subtypes: observations from an Indian cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1694 :: (MESH:D014820,Disease) :: ['vitiligo']


abstract: PURPOSE In February 2000, the criteria for measuring @entity5 shrinkage as an indicator of antitumor activity were redefined by the Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (RECIST). This resulted in simplifying bidimensional to unidimensional measurement of lesions. Under RECIST, all lesions, up to 10, must be measured. Scanning and measuring multiple lesions is costly, time-consuming, and a disincentive to participation in clinical trials. We investigated whether fewer than 10 lesions can be measured without compromising the accuracy of assessing a regimen's activity. @entity1 AND METHODS Thirty-two North Central @entity5 Treatment Group trials including 2,374 @entity1 were analyzed. Twelve studies were conducted before RECIST; 20 were conducted post-RECIST. Agreement between objective status by cycle, confirmed response, overall response rate, and @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) was evaluated based on all 10 versus the largest one through five lesions. Results The median number of lesions reported on RECIST trials did not differ from pre-RECIST trials (median = 2.0). One lesion at baseline was reported in 49% of @entity1 , two lesions in 28% of @entity1 , three lesions in 12% of @entity1 , four lesions in 6% of @entity1 , and five lesions in 5% of @entity1 in post-RECIST trials. Utilizing the largest two lesions produced excellent concordance with that using all lesions for all end points. In no trial did the overall response rate differ by more than 3% when two versus all lesions were considered. Evaluating more than two lesions did not significantly improve agreement. CONCLUSION Based on these trials, the assessment of more than two lesions did not alter the conclusions regarding a treatment's efficacy as judged by response rate or @entity1054 .

title: Evaluation of the optimal number of lesions needed for XXXX evaluation using the response evaluation criteria in solid @entity5 : a north central @entity5 treatment group investigation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Solid Tumors', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intraoperative arterial @entity551 can lead to severe complications in @entity1 undergoing carotid endarterectomy, in particular if cerebral auto-regulation is impaired. Short-acting agents, such as @entity2647 or @entity6358 , commonly used to correct intra-operative @entity551 , have different hemodynamic effects. Recently, it was reported that, in healthy anesthetized subjects with intact cerebral auto-regulation, frontal lobe cerebral tissue oxygenation declined after @entity2647 bolus administration, while it was preserved after @entity6358 use (Br J Anaesth 107:209-217, 2011; Neurocrit Care 12:17-23, 2010). However, the effect of both agents in @entity1 undergoing carotid endarterectomy is unknown. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of two routinely used vasopressors ( @entity2647 and @entity6358 ) on the cerebral hemodynamics during carotid endarterectomy. METHODS/DESIGN: @entity1 undergoing carotid endarterectomy will be prospectively included and randomized for correction of @entity551 with either @entity2647 (50 to 100  g) or @entity6358 (5 to 10 mg). If @entity551 persists for more than five minutes after treatment, the @entity1 will be classified as a non-responder and escape medication as preferred by the anesthesiologist will be administered. Changes in cerebral hemodynamics will be quantified by changes in transcranial Doppler-derived middle cerebral artery blood velocity and near infra-red spectroscopy-derived frontal lobe cerebral tissue oxygenation, when intra-operative @entity551 is treated with @entity2647 or @entity6358 in @entity1 who undergo carotid endarterectomy with or without an adequate functioning cerebral auto-regulation.To quantify whether the intra-operative cerebral auto-regulation is impaired or not, a decrease in breathing frequency from the normal 12 breaths per minute to 6 breaths per minute for an episode of three minutes will be performed. DISCUSSION: @entity2647 and @entity6358 are two of the most commonly used short-acting agents to increase blood pressure in clinical anesthesiologic practice. Monitoring of middle cerebral artery blood velocity with transcranial Doppler and frontal lobe cerebral tissue oxygenation with near infra-red spectroscopy are part of the standard of care. Furthermore, there are no reports that the three-minute modification in breathing frequency described in the "intervention"-section is harmful. Therefore, the risks for participating @entity1 are negligible and the burden minimal. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical trials.gov: NCT01451294.

title: @entity2647 versus XXXX on cerebral perfusion during carotid endarterectomy (PEPPER): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative hypotension', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity6358 :: ('MESH:D004809', 'Chemical') :: ['ephedrine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine', 'Phenylephrine']

answer: @entity6358 :: (MESH:D004809,Chemical) :: ['ephedrine']


abstract: @entity2198 ( @entity2198 ) current has been used successfully to ablate normal @entity1 tissue. To investigate further the clinical application of this modality in @entity5 , we studied the potential of using @entity2198 percutaneously to destroy experimental @entity703 . 35 outbred albino @entity95 underwent @entity703 during open surgery. After 21 days, ultrasonography was performed to show @entity5 presence and size. A shielded @entity2198 needle was designed to be inserted percutaneously through an introduction needle. An electrical insulation shield covering the @entity2198 needle was retractable, controlling the length of exposure of the @entity2198 needle inside the tissue. 22 days after @entity5 implantation, @entity2198 was applied via this special needle using a ZoMed International @entity2198 generator. In one group of @entity95 the procedure was performed under direct vision during open surgery, while in another group treatment was percutaneous, the needle guided by palpation of the @entity5 . @entity95 were killed 3 days later and revealed 4-25 mm intra-tumoral @entity2198 -induced lesions. A direct relation was found between lesion size and the power and duration of @entity2198 applied (at 7.5 W, R = 0.48, and P = 0.32). Based on our preliminary results we can conclude that @entity2198 may have clinical applications in the near future for percutaneous @entity5 control in parenchymal organs.

title: [Percutaneous ablation of malignant XXXX in @entity95 by low frequency radio energy].

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['RF', 'Radio-frequency']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbits']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney tumors', 'direct-implantation of renal VX2 tumor']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['kidney tumors']


abstract: The "click chemistry" approach utilizing @entity10080 ( @entity10081 ) as a DNA precursor was recently introduced to assess DNA replication and adapted to flow- and imaging-cytometry. In the present study, we observed that @entity10081 , once incorporated into DNA, induces @entity16 ( @entity16 ) such as phosphorylation of ATM on Ser1981, of histone H2AX on Ser139, of @entity876 on Ser15, and of @entity9516 on Thr68. It also perturbs progression of cells through the cell cycle and subsequently induces apoptosis. These effects were observed in non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma A549 as well as in B-cell @entity1 lymphoblastoid TK6 and WTK1 cells, differing in the status of @entity876 (wt versus mutated). After 1 h @entity10081 pulse-labeling, the most affected was cells progression through the S phase subsequent to that at which they had incorporated @entity10081 . This indicates that DNA replication using the template containing incorporated @entity10081 is protracted and triggers @entity16 . Furthermore, progression of cells having DNA pulse-labeled with @entity10081 led to accumulation of cells in G2 , likely by activating G2 checkpoint. Consistent with the latter was activation of @entity876 and @entity9516 . Although a correlation was observed in A549 cells between the degree of @entity10081 incorporation and the extent of yH2AX induction, such correlation was weak in TK6 and WTK1 cells. The degree of perturbation of the cell cycle kinetics by the incorporated @entity10081 was different in the wt @entity876 TK6 cells as compared to their sister WTK1 cell line having mutated @entity876 . The data are thus consistent with the role of @entity876 in modulating activation of cell cycle checkpoints in response to impaired DNA replication. The confocal microscopy analysis of the 3D images of cells exposed to @entity10081 for 1 h pulse and then grown for 24 or 48 h revealed an increased number of colocalized yH2AX and @entity15664 foci considered to be markers of DNA double-strand breaks and enlarged nuclei.

title: XXXX , impairment of cell cycle progression, and apoptosis triggered by @entity10080 incorporated into DNA.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['DNA damage signaling', 'DDS']

entities_list: @entity10080 :: ('MESH:C031086', 'Chemical') :: ["5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine"]

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['DNA damage signaling']


abstract: The prevalence of @entity12045 due to non-albicans Candida species is increasing currently. However, there is no reported case of @entity12045 due to Candida famata in a burn unit. This retrospective study was aimed to evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcomes of seven burn @entity1 with @entity12045 due to C. famata. The study included a total of 410 burn @entity1 followed-up during January 2003-January 2006. Six of the @entity1 (85.7%) were males and one was female (14.3%), with a mean age of 22.2 years. Mean total body surface area of the burns was 39.2% (24%-64%), flame being the most frequent cause of the burns (n= 4), followed by hot water (n= 2) and electroshock (n= 1). Six of the cases had central venous catheter and in 5 of these catheter-associated @entity2259 had developed before the establishment of @entity4963 . @entity796 (n= 5) was the most frequent cause of @entity2259 ; @entity526 coil being isolated from a @entity1 with @entity293 and @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 from a @entity1 with wound @entity281 . All @entity1 had received treatment with systemic antibiotics prior to the development of the C. famata episode. C. famata was detected from the blood cultures of the @entity1 , however, the wound swabs were negative in terms of C. famata growth. The isolates were defined according to their negative germ tube test and their @entity1735 assimilation profile in API 20 C AUX (BioMerieux, France). Since the environmental cultures yielded negative results for C. famata, the @entity281 were thought to be derived from cross contamination. Once a positive blood culture for C. famata was obtained, the catheter was removed, and treatment with liposomal @entity2379 was implemented. Presence of a central venous catheter and prior antibiotic therapy seem to be the predisposing factors in the development of @entity12045 due to C. famata. Thus, when @entity12045 due to C. famata is established, central venous catheter should be removed and @entity2379 therapy should be implemented promptly.

title: [Retrospective evaluation of the cases with XXXX in a burn unit].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin-B']

entities_list: @entity4963 :: ('MESH:D058387', 'Disease') :: ['candidemia']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia']

answer: @entity12045 :: (MESH:D016469,Disease) :: ['Candida famata fungemia']


abstract: @entity5409 ( @entity5409 ) belongs with @entity12000 ( @entity12000 ) to the @entity12000 - @entity5409 complex, a group of inherited @entity1986 which share some morphological and clinical features. Juvenile @entity12000 , the most frequent variant of the complex, is a @entity74 with onset in childhood leading to @entity454 ( @entity454 ) within the 2nd decade of life. The most frequent extrarenal involvement is @entity2000 . @entity5409 is a less frequent disease with dominant inheritance; it is recognized later in life, leading to @entity454 at the age of 50 years, and may be associated with @entity5052 and @entity210 . In an early phase, both @entity12000 and @entity5409 are pauci-symptomatic, major signs being confined to @entity2011 . Later in the course, clinical findings are related to the progressive @entity177 , such as @entity417 , @entity1381 and, in @entity12000 , @entity851 . On renal ultrasound, the kidneys present an increased medullary echogenicity with diminished cortico-medullary differentiation. @entity8 may be present, usually at corticomedullary boundary. Due to the clinico-pathological identity, the two diseases were considered to be a single disorder, and the compromise appellation of @entity12000 - @entity5409 complex was suggested. This unifying conception was subsequently refuted following the identification of @entity5409 dominant families. The recent advances of the molecular genetics changed the traditional classification of @entity12000 - @entity5409 complex. The majority of cases of juvenile @entity12000 are due to deletion of the @entity37286 gene on chromosome 2q13. Genes for infantile and adolescent @entity12000 have been localized to chromosome 9q22-q31 and 3q22, respectively. A new locus, @entity43749 , has been recently mapped on chromosome 1p36. Two genes predisposing to dominant @entity5409 , @entity2355 and @entity9503 , have been localized to chromosome 1q21 and to chromosome 16p12. Moreover, a gene for @entity8 ( @entity8 ), a phenotype very similar to @entity5409 , was mapped to 16p12 in a region overlapping with the @entity9503 locus. The proof of the allelism between @entity9503 and @entity8 has been recently provided by the identification of four novel @entity26350 ( @entity26350 ) gene mutations, segregating with the disease phenotype in three families with @entity8 and one with family with @entity9503 . These data provide the first direct evidence that @entity9503 and @entity8 arise from mutation of the @entity26350 gene and are allelic disorders.

title: Nephronophthisis- XXXX : from bedside to bench and back again.

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['tapeto-retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['MCKD', 'Medullary cystic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['FJHN', 'familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy', 'Renal cysts']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['recessive disease']

entities_list: @entity12000 :: ('MESH:C537699', 'Disease') :: ['NPH', 'nephronophthisis']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['uremic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'end stage renal disease']

answer: @entity5409 :: (MESH:D052177,Disease) :: ['medullary cystic kidney disease']


abstract: Despite the presence of a lymphocytic infiltrate in solid @entity5 , the failure for @entity5 growth to be contained suggests an inadequate immune response to the @entity5 . Poor @entity137 exerted by @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) against @entity5 cells in vitro, combined with continued @entity5 growth in vivo, suggests @entity177 . Various theories have been postulated to explain how @entity5 cells may escape immunosurveillance and control. One of the many hypotheses is the failure of production of cytokines, which are necessary for T cells to mediate their function. Thus, the expression of cytokine mRNA in @entity1 @entity0 sections was investigated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with cytokine-specific primers. A relatively consistent finding was detection of @entity688 mRNA among the @entity5 . No @entity1199 and little @entity3646 mRNA was detected in the @entity5 . @entity650 and @entity688 mRNA was detected in only one and two of the normal breast tissues respectively. @entity1199 , @entity3646 and @entity5 @entity39 factor ( @entity310 mRNA was not detected in any of the normal breast tissues. The reduced function of TILs may be related to @entity688 , which has known inhibitory effects on T-cell activation.

title: High incidence of @entity688 mRNA but not @entity1199 mRNA detected in XXXX @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumour']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['deficiencies in TIL function or numbers']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) is a standard procedure in the treatment of @entity0 . Current practice following @entity1600 involves several days of @entity5173 to reduce the formation of @entity2080 . The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of 24 h drainage. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective randomized trial was performed comparing 24 h drainage to long-term drainage. The primary outcome measure was duration of hospital stay. Formation of @entity2080 and wound related complications were secondary outcome measures. RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 were randomised to the 24 h drainage group and 50 @entity1 to the long-term drainage group. 24 h drainage was associated with a shorter hospital stay (2.5 versus 4.6 days, p < 0.001). @entity2080 aspiration was required in 76% of the @entity1 after 24 h drainage and in 64% after long-term drainage (p = 0.19). The number of wound related complications was higher after long-term drainage (13 versus 9, p = 0.33). @entity166 were seen in 11 @entity1 after long-term drainage versus 6 after 24 h drainage (p = 0.18). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that 24 h drainage following @entity1600 is feasible and facilitates early hospital discharge. Furthermore, 24 h drainage is not associated with excess wound related complications compared to long-term drainage.

title: Short versus long-term postoperative XXXX after axillary lymph node dissection. A prospective randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2080 :: ('MESH:D049291', 'Disease') :: ['Seroma', 'seroma']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['Axillary lymph node dissection', 'ALND']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['drainage of the axilla']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious complications']

answer: @entity5173 :: (MESH:D065634,Disease) :: ['drainage of the axilla']


abstract: The genotypic diversity that occurs in natural populations of antagonistic microorganisms provides an enormous resource for improving biological control of @entity66 . In this study, we determined the diversity of indigenous @entity26857 ( @entity26858 )-producing @entity11763 spp. occurring on roots of @entity3505 grown in a soil naturally suppressive to take-all disease of @entity3505 . Among 101 isolates, 16 different groups were identified by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. One RAPD group made up 50% of the total population of @entity26858 -producing @entity11763 spp. Both short- and long-term studies indicated that this dominant genotype, exemplified by @entity11763 Q8r1-96, is highly adapted to the @entity3505 rhizosphere. Q8r1-96 requires a much lower dose (only 10 to 100 CFU seed(-1) or soil(-1)) to establish high rhizosphere population densities (10(7) CFU g of root(-1)) than Q2-87 and 1M1-96, two genotypically different, @entity26858 -producing @entity11763 strains. Q8r1-96 maintained a rhizosphere population density of approximately 10(5) CFU g of root(-1) after eight successive growth cycles of @entity3505 in three different, raw virgin soils, whereas populations of Q2-87 and 1M1-96 dropped relatively quickly after five cycles and were not detectable after seven cycles. In short-term studies, strains Q8r1-96, Q2-87, and 1M1-96 did not differ in their ability to suppress take-all. After eight successive growth cycles, however, Q8r1-96 still provided control of take-all to the same level as obtained in the take-all suppressive soil, whereas Q2-87 and 1M1-96 gave no control anymore. Biochemical analyses indicated that the superior rhizosphere competence of Q8r1-96 is not related to in situ @entity26858 production levels. We postulate that certain rhizobacterial genotypes have evolved a preference for colonization of specific crops. By exploiting diversity of antagonistic rhizobacteria that share a common trait, biological control can be improved significantly.

title: Exploiting genotypic diversity of XXXX -producing @entity11763 spp.: characterization of superior root-colonizing @entity11763 Q8r1-96.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['plant diseases']

entities_list: @entity11763 :: ('294', 'Species') :: ['P. fluorescens', 'Pseudomonas']

entities_list: @entity26857 :: ('MESH:C059817', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol']

answer: @entity26857 :: (MESH:C059817,Chemical) :: ['2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol']


abstract: The mechanism of action of volatile anesthetics is not completely understood. @entity460 release from internal stores may alter signaling pathways that influence neurotransmission. Abnormalities of the regulation of intracellular @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) from @entity1 with @entity590 is a hallmark of this syndrome indicating the potential of these agents to interact with proteins involved in @entity141 signaling. In the present study, a cholinergic cell line (SN56) was used to examine whether the release of @entity460 from intracellular stores occurs in the presence of @entity2614 . Changes in [ @entity141 ]i were measured using @entity20048 , a fluorescent @entity460 sensitive dye and laser scanning confocal microscopy. @entity2614 induced an increase on [ @entity141 ]i from SN56 cells. The @entity2614 -induced increase on [ @entity141 ]i remained even when the cells were perfused with medium lacking extracellular @entity460 . However, this effect was abolished by @entity11008 , a chelator of intracellular @entity460 , suggesting the involvement of intracellular @entity141 stores. Using @entity19643 , an inhibitor of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum @entity141 -ATPase, we investigated whether the depletion of intracellular @entity141 stores interfered with the effect of @entity2614 . In the presence of this agent, @entity2614 caused a small but not significant rise on [ @entity141 ]i of the SN56 cells. @entity592 , an inhibitor of @entity8452 -sensitive @entity460 stores did not modify the @entity2614 increase on [ @entity141 ]i. @entity5402 , a drug that releases @entity141 from the IP3 pool, abolished the effect of @entity2614 . In addition, @entity56097 , a cell-permeant @entity9197 antagonist, decreased significantly the @entity2614 increase on [ @entity141 ]i. Our data suggest that the @entity2614 -induced increase on [ @entity141 ]i from SN56 cells occurs through the release of @entity460 from IP3-sensitive @entity460 stores.

title: The effect of XXXX on intracellular @entity460 concentration from cholinergic cells.

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity19643 :: ('MESH:C000543', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclopiazonic acid']

entities_list: @entity56097 :: ('MESH:C108642', 'Chemical') :: ['xestospongin D']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane', 'Sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity592 :: ('MESH:D003620', 'Chemical') :: ['Dantrolene']

entities_list: @entity590 :: ('MESH:D008305', 'Disease') :: ['malignant hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbachol']

answer: @entity2614 :: (MESH:C009250,Chemical) :: ['sevoflurane']


abstract: MRI is extremely useful for the assessment of initial disease burden and to identify the dissemination of the @entity15 ( @entity15 ) in time and space. Though MRI of the spinal cord is not used to establish the diagnosis of @entity15 , spinal cord is frequently involved in this disease and there has been increasing emphasis of the spinal imaging in making clinical decision in the management of @entity15 . We undertook a retrospective study of @entity1 with diagnosed @entity15 : 1) to identify radiologic pattern of spinal @entity602 in @entity15 and 2) to correlate radiologic findings with clinical presentation. We reviewed radiologic records from 2004 to 2009 of @entity1 with abnormal T2 signal intensity of the spinal cord with radiologic concern of @entity17 . @entity1 in this cohort who met the Revised McDonald @entity15 Diagnostic Criteria were included in this study. 166 @entity1 were included in the study. There was preference for cervical spinal cord particularly posterior aspect of the spinal cord. Enhancement of the lesions was rare (4.1%). Mean lesion length was 18.2 mm. The average number of lesions per @entity1 was 2.04. Sensory symptoms were predominating and most of the @entity1 had relapsing-remitting course. @entity1 with sensory symptoms, bladder and bowel involvement and motor symptoms had almost equally distributed lesions among anterior, posterior and central spinal cord. However, all of the @entity1 presented with posterior column signs and @entity854 had involvement of the posterior spinal cord. Radiologic manifestation of spinal cord @entity15 is extremely variable and can involve the entire length of the spinal cord. Clinical symptoms may or may not be associated with radiologic presentation of the lesions.

title: Clinico-radiologic profile of spinal cord XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelinating disease']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord involvement']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['gait abnormality']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a specific protocol using four implants to support immediately loaded fixed prostheses to restore edentulous and partially edentulous mandibles and report on the outcome after 1 year of function with the definitive prostheses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted of all @entity1 who were treated between June 2008 and December 2010 with fixed prostheses that were loaded immediately after placement of implants. The provisional prostheses were later replaced with computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacture @entity702 frames supporting acrylic resin and denture teeth in the definitive prosthesis. All @entity1 were followed for a minimum of 12 months and were assessed for implant survival and prosthetic performance, with descriptive statistics utilized to demonstrate results. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-three consecutive @entity1 received immediately loaded axial and tilted implants according to the defined protocol. One implant failed, resulting in a 99.86% implant success rate. There were two catastrophic prosthetic failures ( @entity174 of the @entity702 framework), for a 98.9% prosthetic success rate. Three @entity1 (1.6%) presented with @entity174 of a prosthetic mandibular incisor tooth. No prosthetic screw loosening or @entity174 were seen. Radiographic evaluation revealed no major @entity604 around dental implants. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this retrospective study, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) this technique appears to provide a highly predictable implant performance; (2) it is necessary to critically evaluate framework design, especially around the connectors for cantilever extensions around the most distal implants; and (3) minor complications related to acrylic resin tooth @entity174 may be anticipated during the early phases of prosthetic treatment.

title: Immediately loaded mandibular fixed implant prostheses using the all-on-four protocol: a report of 183 consecutively treated XXXX with 1 year of function in definitive prostheses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This study reports the structure and expression rates of genes of the @entity310 ( @entity7790 ) signal transduction pathway ( @entity7790 , @entity470 [ @entity470 ], @entity1178 , myc, and metallothionein [MT]) in 47 specimens of @entity43 and 21 nonmalignant tissues. The objective was to establish a direct correlation between the genetic activities and the malignant phenotype of the @entity43 . The Southern blot technique identified four samples with myc amplification and two with rearranged @entity470 genes. By using the S1 nuclease assay, the analysis of myc transcription showed a similar use of both promotors. Although the size of the investigated transcripts was unaltered, significant differences in the transcription rates were noticed in malignant tissue probes (using northern blot analysis and RNAase protection assay). The following results of messenger RNA analysis in @entity43 were observed: @entity470 , negative in 25%, low in 65%, and strongly positive in 10%; @entity7790 , negative in 34%, low in 36%, and strongly positive in 30%; myc, negative in 8%, low in 64%, and strongly positive in 28%; @entity1178 , negative in 4%, low in 58%, and strong in 38%; and MT, low in 80% and strongly positive in 20%. In most nonmalignant tissues studied, no or only a low expression of @entity7790 , @entity470 , and myc. was found. A comparison of these messenger RNA results with the clinical data from @entity5 showed four different @entity43 . The results of chemotherapy were known in 32 cases. @entity5 with negative or low expression rates of all investigated genes did not respond to chemotherapy; 13 of 18 @entity5 with high expression rates did respond. Additional signal transduction chains distinct from the @entity7790 pathway, however, are likely to influence both the expression and activity of transcription factors and MT.

title: Gene structure and expression analysis of the @entity470 , @entity310 , myc, @entity1178 , and metallothionein in human XXXX . Classification of malignant phenotypes.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'subgroups of ovarian carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-alpha']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGF-R']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between the degree of radiculalgia and counts of T lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of @entity1 with @entity890 . METHODS: Forty-nine @entity1 with @entity890 (group A) were divided into three subgroups according to Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) @entity158 scores (group A(1): n= 12, VAS 0-4.0; A(2): n= 24, VAS 4.1-7.0; A(3): n= 13, VAS 7.1-10.0. Twenty health blood donors who volunteered to be involved in the study comprised the control group (group B). Peripheral blood counts of various T lymphocyte subsets were measured in each group. RESULTS: (i) The counts of @entity404 + T and @entity404 +/ @entity405 + lymphocytes were higher in group A than in group B, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were also statistically significant differences between group A and group B in the counts of CD3+ and @entity405 + T lymphocytes (P < 0.05); (ii) There was no correlation between the VAS scores and the counts of CD3+ T lymphocytes (r= 0.194, P > 0.05). A strong significant correlation was observed between the VAS scores and counts of @entity404 + T lymphocytes (r= 0.542, P < 0.05), @entity11400 + (r= 0.468, P < 0.05), which increased with increasing VAS scores in the three subgroups of group A (P < 0.05). However there was a significant negative linear correlation between @entity405 + T lymphocyte counts and @entity158 scores (r=-0.462, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that changes in T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood take place after prolapse of lumbar intervertebral discs. The current results may provide support for involvement of immunologic mechanisms in low back @entity158 . T lymphocytes may play an important role in the development of symptoms in @entity1 with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation.

title: Correlation between radiculalgia and counts of T lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain secondary to herniation of the lumbar disc', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['lumbar disc herniation']


abstract: This light-microscopic (LM) immunohistochemical study has evaluated the presence and distribution of the pan-neural and neuroendocrine marker protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 in pinealocytes and nerve fibres of @entity840 pineal gland. The pattern of PGP 9.5-immunoreactive (ir) nerve fibres has been compared with that of fibres staining for @entity669 hydroxylase (TH) or @entity6892 ( @entity6892 ). The vast majority of pinealocytes stained for PGP 9.5, although with variable intensity. PGP 9.5 immunoreactivity was localized in pinealocytic cell bodies and processes. Double-immunofluorescence revealed that PGP 9.5 immunoreactivity was absent from glial cells identified with a monoclonal antibody against @entity35168 ( @entity35168 ). PGP 9.5 immunoreactivity was also present in a large number of nerve fibres and varicosities distributed throughout the pineal gland. The number of TH-ir and @entity6892 -ir nerve fibres was lower compared with those containing PGP 9.5 immunoreactivity. All fibres staining for @entity6892 also stained for TH. @entity6892 -ir nerve fibres were found to be much more numerous than previously reported for this species. The double-immunofluorescence analysis indicated that almost all TH-ir nerve fibres of the pineal gland contained PGP 9.5 immunoreactivity. However, few PGP 9.5-ir nerve fibres, located in the periphery and the central part of the gland, were TH-negative. A large number of PGP 9.5-ir fibres was concentrated in the pineal stalk. In contrast, TH-ir and @entity6892 -ir nerve fibres were rare in this part of the pineal gland. Our data provide evidence that immunohistochemistry for PGP 9.5 may be a useful tool further to differentiate central and peripheral origins of pineal innervation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 immunoreactivity in nerve fibres and pinealocytes of @entity840 pineal gland: interrelationship with XXXX - hydroxylase- and neuropeptide-Y-immunoreactive nerve fibres.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity35168 :: ('100720409', 'Gene') :: ['glial fibrillary acidic protein', 'GFAP']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: We previously conducted nationwide surveillance of @entity328 in 2000-2001 (period 1) and 2004 (period 2) and reported the findings. Subsequent surveillance surveys conducted in 2007 ( @entity5395 ) and 2010 (period 4) are now reported. Bacterial strains were clinically isolated from @entity1 with @entity693 , @entity295 , and @entity1729 at 27 hospitals participating in the Drug-Resistant Pathogen Surveillance Group in @entity166 . Twenty-one drugs were investigated for 283 isolated strains in @entity5395 , and 24 drugs were investigated for 459 strains in period 4. In @entity5395 , 43.8  % of strains were @entity114 -susceptible @entity2260 (PSSP), 52.3  % were @entity114 -intermediate @entity2260 (PISP), and 3.9  % were @entity114 -resistant @entity2260 (PRSP). In period 4, the percentages were PSSP 23.1  %, PISP 49.9  %, and PRSP 27.0  %. The resistance rates were 56.2  % and 76.9  %, respectively. Drug sensitivity was best with panipenem, at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)90  <=0.063   g/ml in @entity5395 , and with @entity51817 (MIC90   <=  0.063   g/ml) in period 4. @entity1 ' background factors related to increased bacterial resistance were investigated, and significant differences were found depending on whether a @entity1 had siblings (P  =  0.0056) or was a daycare center attendee (P  =  0.0195) in @entity5395 , and age category (P  =  0.0256) in period 4. No factors were common to both periods 3 and 4. Pneumococcus is a major causative organism of pediatric @entity166 , and we plan to continue conducting surveillance and providing information in the future.

title: Nationwide survey of the development of drug-resistant pathogens in the pediatric field in 2007 and 2010: drug sensitivity of XXXX in Japan (second report).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Pediatric Infectious Disease', 'infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity51817 :: ('MESH:C500135', 'Chemical') :: ['tebipenem']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: @entity14220 ( @entity14220 ) is a strong risk factor for @entity0 , but the biological mechanism underlying this association is not clear. Current adult body mass index (BMI) is inversely associated with percent @entity14220 ; however, few studies have included Hispanic @entity1 or evaluated associations with measures of body @entity1386 earlier in life. ESMaestras was established in 2006, when 28,345 @entity1 ages >= 35 responded to a detailed questionnaire that assessed possible disease risk factors, including body @entity1386 in childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. In 2007, 2084 ESMaestras @entity1 underwent a clinical examination, which included measurements of weight, height, and sitting height and a mammogram. We measured percent @entity14220 using a computer-assisted method. The current analysis includes 972 premenopausal and 559 postmenopausal @entity1 . We used multivariable linear regression to evaluate associations between measures of body size and @entity14220 , independent of current BMI. Among pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 , we observed no significant associations between body @entity1386 during childhood, adolescence, or young adulthood and percent @entity14220 . Among postmenopausal @entity1 , we observed a modest positive association between body @entity1386 immediately before first pregnancy and between ages 25 and 35 after adjustment for current BMI, with differences of 4.9 and 3.6  % points, respectively, in percent @entity14220 between the heaviest and leanest @entity1 (p-trend  =  0.02). There were no significant associations between height, sitting height, and percent @entity14220 among pre- or postmenopausal @entity1 in multivariable models adjusting for BMI. In general, we found no clear associations between measures of body size in early life, current sitting height, or current height, and percent @entity14220 , after adjusting for current BMI, in this population of Mexican @entity1 . Our observation of a positive association between early adult body @entity1386 (i.e., before first pregnancy and ages 25-35) and percent @entity14220 among postmenopausal @entity1 is inconsistent with prior research and requires confirmation in other studies.

title: Body size throughout the life course and mammographic density in Mexican XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity14220 :: ('MESH:C564595', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'Mammographic density']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Injuries of the skeleton of phalanges of the fingers are along with injuries of the forearm the most frequent @entity174 in childhood and in the great majority conservative treatment is possible. Only exceptionally primary surgery is needed and if it fails and redislocation occurs, surgical treatment is indicated. Then the method of choice is miniinvasive osteosynthesis--percutaneous fixation. During the period between 1994 and 1998 the authors treated thus 22 @entity1 on account of skeletal injuries of the phalanges. Primarily the method was used in 16 cases, 6x after redislocation of fragments. In 9 instances thus diaphyseal injuries were treated, in 7 cases intercondylar @entity174 and in 6 instances @entity174 of the base of the distal fragment. In 18 instances Kirschner wire was used and four times a fragment fixation screw. The general results of treatment were in 16 @entity1 excellent, in 4 instances satisfactory and in two cases unsatisfactory. In one case marked restriction of mobility and stiffness of the joint developed after fixation of an intercondylar @entity174 and in one instance a mallet finger developed. No serious suppurative complications were observed nor any serious @entity531 . The apparent trivial character of the injury and its fixation must not lead to underrating of this type of @entity174 as it may have permanent sequelae. The latter are not very serious but are a certain handicap. In particular in conjunction with some professions (music) they can have a marked influence on the @entity1 's future.

title: [Mini-invasive osteosynthesis in injuries of the finger phalangeal bones in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity656 ( @entity656 ) develops in about 25% of @entity1 with acute @entity788 . Severity of acute @entity788 is linked to the presence of systemic @entity881 and/or @entity788 . Risk factors independently determining the outcome of @entity656 are early @entity177 ( @entity177 ), @entity39 , and extended @entity39 (>50%). Morbidity of @entity656 is biphasic, in the first week it is strongly related to @entity1850 while, @entity295 due to @entity39 leading to @entity177 occurs in the later course after the first week. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography provides the highest diagnostic accuracy for @entity788 when performed after the first week of disease. @entity1 who suffer early @entity881 or are at risk for developing a severe disease require early intensive care treatment. Antibiotic prophylaxis has not been shown as an effective preventive treatment. Early enteral feeding is based on a high level of evidence, resulting in a @entity281 . @entity1 suffering infected @entity39 causing clinical @entity295 are candidates for intervention. Hospital mortality of @entity656 after interventional or surgical debridement has decreased to below 20% in high-volume centers.

title: Management of severe acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'necrotizing pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['SAP', 'Severe acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['infection of necrosis', 'necrosis', 'infected pancreatic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure', 'MOF syndrome', 'MOF']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of local and systemic infection']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ dysfunctions']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: One of the most frequently performed surgical procedures in orthopaedy and traumatology are total arthroplasty of the hip and the knee. @entity1 who are undergoing those treatment are exposed to @entity1031 . It is necessary to prevent them against @entity1031 . Current standard practice for anticoagulant prophylaxis to prevent @entity1211 after total hip or knee arthroplasty includes subcutaneous low-molecular weight heparin. @entity14534 is an oral, reversible direct @entity556 inhibitor, with predictable and reproducible pharmacodynamic effects and pharmacokinetic characteristics that permit once-daily dosing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of @entity1211 (measured using Doppler ultrasonography), @entity1151 and mortality after using both types of prophylaxis. Also evaluated the safety of medicines, examining the post-operative @entity190 , decreased hematocrit and hemoglobin. We analyzed the incidence of complications by assessing the state of local @entity32 , the level of C-reactive protein. There was no significant difference in the safety of the oral and subcutaneous thromboprophylaxis in @entity1 undergoing either total hip or knee replacement. @entity190 after surgery, duration of surgery, decrease of hematocrit and hemoglobin were not significantly different. None of the both drugs did not differ significantly in the incidence of inflammatory complications a systemic and a local. In the studied population, the effectiveness of thromboprophylaxis was high.

title: Dabigatran vs. low molecular weight heparin in preventing XXXX after elective hip and knee arthroplasty: evaluation of selected clinical parameters.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss', 'Blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity14534 :: ('MESH:C453962', 'Chemical') :: ['Dabigatran etexilate']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic complications']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Computed tomography findings for each of 94 @entity1 with @entity548 and trismus correlated with either comminuted @entity174 (26 cases) or bilateral temporomandibular joint @entity174 (68 cases). STUDY DESIGN: Ninety-four @entity1 with post-traumatic @entity548 and 10 asymptomatic adults underwent coronal computed tomography examinations of their temporomandibular joints. Of these, 26 @entity1 with intact temporomandibular joints underwent axial computed tomography of the temporal bones. For 23 of the 94 symptomatic @entity1 , computed tomography was the final imaging procedure; for the other 71 symptomatic @entity1 , it was the first imaging procedure. Quantifications of the radiation dose and the per- @entity1 cost of imaging were performed. Measurement of the maximal mandibular movements in vertical and horizontal directions was performed clinically in the 10 asymptomatic adult control subjects and in the 94 @entity1 with trismus and @entity548 . RESULTS: Ten control subjects had maximal opening values of 40 mm or more, and horizontal movement exceeded 24 mm. In 68 symptomatic @entity1 , coronal computed tomography demonstrated bilateral @entity174 : there was bilateral high condylar @entity174 in 35 @entity1 , and there was ipsilateral to the bleeding high condylar @entity174 with @entity174 dislocation in 33 @entity1 . Axial computed tomography scans in 26 symptomatic @entity1 with intact temporomandibular joints demonstrated comminuted petrous @entity174 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with post-traumatic @entity548 associated with trismus should first be evaluated by computed tomography. Any other initial procedure doubles the radiation dose as well as the cost of the imaging.

title: An association between imaging and acute XXXX with trismus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'temporal bone fracture', 'contralateral subcondylar fracture', 'bone fracture ipsilateral to the ear bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['ear bleeding', 'unilateral ear bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['posttraumatic ear bleeding']


abstract: DNA ploidy, S-phase fraction (SPF) for the @entity5 , serum @entity5 markers such as @entity787 ( @entity787 ) and serum CA 19-9 and major clinical parameters were analysed as prognostic factors in 105 @entity1 with advanced @entity14 . All 105 were treated with a three-drug schedule including low dose @entity1259 and sequential @entity1499 , @entity1487 , followed by leucovorin rescue. In univariate analysis, gender, Karnofsky index, extent of @entity3 , presence of abdominal @entity3 , @entity787 and CA 19-9 correlated with survival. Age, presence of liver or of lung @entity3 , DNA ploidy or SPF were not significantly associated with survival. In stepwise multivariate analysis an elevated serum CA 19-9 level, a poor Karnofsky index and multiple sites of @entity3 were independent adverse prognostic factors. Based on the multivariate analysis, @entity1 were grouped in three categories. Group 1 consisted of 32 @entity1 with Karnofsky > or = 80, with a normal serum CA 19-9 level and a single site of @entity3 . Group 2 consisted of 48 @entity1 with Karnofsky > or = 80 and with an elevated serum CA 19-9 level or multiple sites of @entity3 . Group 3 consisted of 14 @entity1 with Karnofsky < or = 70. This classification gave a highly significant correlation with survival (chi 2 = 45.52, P < 0.001, log rank test). The median survival in group 1, group 2 and group 3 was 30.1 months, 13.5 months and 3.9 months, respectively. Based on these results we suggest that trials involving advanced @entity14 should include the measurement of serum CA 19-9 levels as one of the most important prognostic factors, but also include documentation of other independent prognostic factors.

title: Poor prognosis associated with elevated serum CA 19-9 level in advanced XXXX , independent of DNA ploidy or SPF.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess whether @entity10976 (DZR) given after a cumulative @entity632 dose of 300 mg/m2 confers cardioprotection in @entity1 with @entity0 treated with @entity1487 , @entity632 , and @entity786 (FAC). @entity1 AND METHODS: In two multicenter studies (088001 and 088006), @entity1 were randomized to receive FAC and placebo ( @entity1989 ) versus FAC and DZR. After a protocol amendment, all @entity1 received open-label DZR after they had reached a cumulative @entity632 dose of 300 mg/m2. Two groups were compared: 99 @entity1 randomized to the @entity1989 arms before the amendment who received FAC and @entity1989 for at least seven courses ( @entity1989 group), and 102 @entity1 randomized to the @entity1989 arms after the amendment who received FAC and @entity1989 for six courses followed by open-label DZR ( @entity1989 /DZR group). RESULTS: The hazards ratio of @entity1989 to @entity1989 /DZR was 3.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2 to 5.7; P < .001, logrank and generalized Wilcoxon tests) for the @entity632 dose at any @entity299 , ejection fraction changes, or @entity712 ( @entity712 ). The hazards ratio of @entity1989 to @entity1989 /DZR was 13.1 (95% CI, 3.7 to 46.0; P < .001, logrank and generalized Wilcoxon tests) for the @entity632 dose at the development of @entity712 . The overall incidence of @entity712 in the @entity1989 /DZR group was 3%, compared with 22% in the @entity1989 group (P < .001, Fisher's exact test). Twenty-six percent of @entity1989 /DZR @entity1 received at least 15 courses of therapy, compared with 5% of @entity1 in the @entity1989 group. These results do not appear to be attributable to a time trend. CONCLUSION: DZR is a highly effective cardioprotective agent when used in @entity1 with @entity0 who continue to receive @entity632 -based chemotherapy after a cumulative @entity632 dose of 300 mg/m2 has been reached.

title: Delayed administration of @entity10976 provides cardioprotection for @entity1 with XXXX treated with @entity632 -containing therapy.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac event']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity10976 :: ('MESH:D011929', 'Chemical') :: ['dexrazoxane']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['advanced breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity531 ( @entity531 ) is attributed to compression of the brachial plexus at the scalene hiatus. @entity1 with true @entity531 (TNTOS) have typical clinical and electrophysiological changes and are considered to respond well to surgical treatment, but @entity1 with nonspecific @entity531 (NNTOS) have predominantly sensory signs, not well-defined electrophysiological changes, and are thought not to respond favorably to surgical treatment. The postsurgical outcome of @entity1 with cervicobrachialgia diagnosed as TNTOS and as NNTOS is analyzed. METHODS: Seven @entity1 with typical electrophysiological features of TNTOS and 11 with nonspecific signs (NNTOS--extraspinal compression of @entity2244 ) were treated from 1986 to 2001. Age, duration of symptoms, and follow-up were similar in both groups. All @entity1 underwent unilateral (14) or bilateral (4) supraclavicular decompression of the brachial plexus, for a total of 22 procedures. Clinical outcome was evaluated based on sensory and motor signs and on functional capacity. The Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher exact test were used to compare demographic data and proportions, respectively. RESULTS: Improvement of @entity158 / @entity809 , sensory loss, @entity194 , and @entity425 after surgery was similar in the two groups. Regarding functional capacity, 57.1% of @entity1 with TNTOS and 63.6% of @entity1 with NNTOS became normal or reacquired their previous condition with slight limitation. Surgery-related complications were @entity809 and paresis in the arm, sympathetic @entity3986 , pneumothorax, and lymphatic collections, all in @entity1 with NNTOS. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with NNTOS with electrophysiological signs of extraspinal @entity73 had the same chances of improvement after surgical treatment as @entity1 with TNTOS.

title: XXXX : a comparison of true and nonspecific syndromes after surgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['radicular impairment']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesias']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscular weakness']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['NTOS', 'Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome']

answer: @entity531 :: (MESH:D013901,Disease) :: ['Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndromes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the inter-relationship of @entity102 severity as perceived by adolescents with both psychosocial well-being and objective measures of illness severity. Additionally to compared the adolescents' perception of illness severity with how their physicians believe that the adolescents perceive their illness severity. METHODS: The psychological well-being of 48 adolescents with either @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) was measured by four standardized questionnaires. The adolescents' perception of severity of illness was measured using an original instrument (PSCI), and this measure was compared to their physicians' estimates of how the adolescents perceived the severity of their illness and clinical illness. RESULTS: There were 24 @entity1 in both the @entity1577 and @entity1723 groups. Both groups were found to function well psychosocially; although, there were more @entity1 with low self image compared to normative values. @entity308 and low self image were associated with a greater adolescent perception of illness severity. For both @entity102 groups, physicians' assessment of assumed adolescent perception of disease severity correlated with clinical indices of disease severity and was higher than the perception of illness severity reported by the adolescents. For adolescents with @entity1577 , but not with @entity1723 , perception of severity of @entity102 correlated with clinical indices. CONCLUSIONS: For adolescents with @entity102 , their perception of illness severity is an important indicator of psychosocial well-being. Physicians do not accurately infer their @entity1 ' perception of illness severity.

title: XXXX in adolescence: implications for the doctor- @entity1 relationship.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'cystic fibrosis (CF) or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['Chronic illness perception']


abstract: We first review what is known about patterns of codon usage bias in @entity238 and make the following points: (i) @entity238 genes are as biased or more biased than those in microorganisms. (ii) The level of bias of genes and even the particular pattern of codon bias can remain phylogenetically invariant for very long periods of evolution. (iii) However, some genes, even very tightly linked genes, can change very greatly in codon bias across species. (iv) Generally G and especially C are favored at synonymous sites in biased genes. (v) With the exception of @entity2574 , all @entity1522 contribute significantly and about equally to the codon usage bias of a gene. (vi) While most individual @entity1522 that can use G or C at synonymous sites display a preference for C, there are exceptions: @entity4857 and @entity368 , which prefer G. (vii) Finally, smaller genes tend to be more biased than longer genes. We then examine possible causes of these patterns and discount mutation bias on three bases: there is little evidence of regional mutation bias in @entity238 , mutation bias is likely toward A+T (the opposite of codon usage bias), and not all @entity1522 display the preference for the same @entity377 in the wobble position. Two lines of evidence support a selection hypothesis based on tRNA pools: highly biased genes tend to be highly and/or rapidly expressed, and the preferred codons in highly biased genes optimally bind the most abundant isoaccepting tRNAs. Finally, we examine the effect of bias on DNA evolution and confirm that genes with high codon usage bias have lower rates of synonymous substitution between species than do genes with low codon usage bias. Surprisingly, we find that genes with higher codon usage bias display higher levels of intraspecific synonymous polymorphism. This may be due to opposing effects of recombination.

title: Evolution of codon usage bias in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: @entity174 of the @entity1171 are typically treated with plate osteosynthesis with or without the use of lag screws, and immobilisation in a plaster cast for up to 6 weeks. Fixation through a smaller incision with less metal, such as lag screw only fixation, would theoretically lead to decreased infection rates and less irritation caused by hardware. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the benefits and success of lag screw only fixation of the @entity1171 in non-comminuted oblique @entity174 of the @entity1171 . A total of 25 @entity1 who had non-comminuted unstable oblique @entity174 of their @entity1171 that had been surgically fixed with lag screws only were retrospectively evaluated. All @entity1 were younger than 60 years of age. Evaluation of the success of fixation, complications, resultant mobility and @entity1 satisfaction was based on information gathered from chart reviews, X-ray findings and a standardised questionnaire based on the AOFAS Foot and Ankle Outcomes Questionnaire. These results were compared to an age-matched group of 25 consecutive @entity1 treated with plate osteosynthesis. Of the 25 @entity1 fixed with lag screws, nine had an unstable fracture of the @entity1171 only, ten were @entity1171 and six were trimalleolar. Eighteen @entity1 were treated with two lag screws, and seven were treated with three lag screws. The bi- and @entity1171 were treated with standard partially threaded cancellous screws. None of the lag screw-only group lost reduction. There were no documented wound infections in the lag screw group as compared to three @entity281 in the plate group. Lag screw-only @entity1 reported no palpable hardware as compared to 50% of the plate group. AOFAS scores at a mean of 12 months post-operative were similar in both groups. Lag screw only fixation of the @entity1171 is a safe and effective method that has a number of advantages over plate osteosynthesis, in particular less soft tissue dissection, less prominent, symptomatic and palpable hardware and a reduced requirement for secondary surgical removal.

title: Less is more: lag screw only fixation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['lateral malleolus', 'bimalleolar fractures', 'trimalleolar fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infections']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Displaced fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['lateral malleolar fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fifteen percent of @entity0 @entity1 present with large @entity5 involving skin or chest wall. Often, surgery with primary wound closure is impossible. We used neoadjuvant chemoradiation in locally advanced @entity0 @entity1 , in hopes of increasing resectability. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had locally advanced @entity0 deemed unresectable with primary wound closure. @entity1 received 8 weeks of infusional @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) 200 mg/m2 per day and radiation therapy to 50 Gy. @entity1 rendered resectable underwent modified radical mastectomy (MRM) followed up by chemotherapy. RESULTS: Of 30 evaluable @entity1 , 73% had an objective clinical response. All were able to undergo MRM with primary wound closure; 63% had @entity66 , 20% had minimal microscopic disease, and 17% had complete pathologic response. Treatment-related @entity137 was minimal. Surgical morbidity was not increased. CONCLUSIONS: Infusional @entity1487 with concomitant radiotherapy is well tolerated and effective at producing shrinkage in the majority of @entity1 , converting inoperable @entity0 to easily resectable disease.

title: Preoperative XXXX and radiation therapy for locally advanced @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify @entity1 or family related risk factors for unintentional childhood @entity4968 in Greece and to explore whether product specific poisonings might have special features that make them amenable to preventive interventions. SETTING: A case-control study was undertaken in Athens, Greece in 1995. Cases were 100 consecutive @entity1 brought with @entity4968 to the emergency clinics of the two university affiliated @entity1 's hospitals. For every case two age, gender, and hospital matched controls were chosen from among @entity1 brought to the outpatient clinics of these hospitals on the same date. METHODS: All @entity1 and their guardians were interviewed by the same @entity1 using a standard questionnaire that covered demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and past injury characteristics. Information was also obtained concerning type and conditions of @entity4968 for cases. Statistical analysis was undertaken by modeling the data using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Socioeconomic factors were not important risk indicators in these data but @entity1 living with other than both parents were at increased risk (odds ratio (OR) = 4.7, p = 0.08), as were @entity1 with a history of previous @entity4968 that required medical care (OR = 5.1, p = 0.05). Unintentional poisonings caused by chewing or swallowing cigarettes were concentrated in families where both parents were smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Absence of a parent appears to be associated with increased likelihood of childhood @entity4968 . The importance of product accessibility is underlined by the concentration of @entity286 @entity4968 among @entity1 of parents who were both smokers. In the cultural context of this study, sociodemographic factors do not appear to represent demonstrable risk factors. Instead, control of childhood @entity4968 should be concentrated on safe packaging, storage, and disposal of potentially hazardous products.

title: Risk factors for childhood XXXX : a case-control study in Greece.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'person', 'child']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']