abstract: Zein is a @entity4336 prolamin that has broad industrial applications because of its unique physical properties. Currently, the high cost of extraction and purification, which is directly related to the dispersion of zein in different solvents, is the major bottleneck of the zein industry. Solution behaviors of zein have been studied for a long time. However, the physical nature of zein in different solvents remains unclear. In this study, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), @entity400 ( @entity400 ), and rheology were combined to study the structure and protein-solvent interaction of a-zein in both @entity1543 and aqueous @entity1068 solutions. We found that the like-dissolve-like rule, the partial unfolding, and the protonation of zein are all critical to understanding the solution behaviors. Zein holds an elongated conformation (i.e., prolate ellipsoid) in all solutions, as revealed from SAXS data. There is an "aging effect" for zein in aqueous @entity1068 solutions, as evidenced by the transition of Newtonian rheological profiles for fresh zein solutions to the non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior for zein solutions after storage at room temperature for 24 h. Such shear thinning behavior becomes more pronounced for zein solutions at higher concentrations. The @entity400 results clearly show that @entity1543 is a better solvent to dissolve zein than aqueous @entity1068 solution, as supported by a more negative second virial coefficient. This is majorly caused by the protonation of the protein, which was further verified by the dissolution of zein in water (a nonsolvent for zein) with the addition of acids.

title: Understanding the dissolution of a-zein in aqueous XXXX and @entity1543 solutions.

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['SLS', 'static light scattering']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to analyze characteristics and results of redo tracheal resection and reconstruction. METHODS: Seventy-five @entity1 were operated on between 1966 and 1997 after unsuccessful initial repairs for postintubation @entity6184 . RESULTS: Sixteen of these @entity1 came from a group of 32 @entity1 with unsuccessful repair among the 450 primary resections and reconstructions performed at our institution. Fifty-nine @entity1 were referred to us after unsuccessful initial repair elsewhere. Initial management was a T-tube or tracheotomy in 39 @entity1 . The length of repeat resection ranged from 1.0 cm to 5.5 cm (mean 3.5 cm). A laryngeal release was used in 19 @entity1 (25%) to reduce anastomotic tension. Complications occurred in 29 @entity1 (39%) and were most frequent in the group requiring laryngeal release (12/19, 63.2%). Overall outcome was good in 59 @entity1 (78.6%) and satisfactory in 10 (13.3%). The repair was unsuccessful in four @entity1 (5.3%), and two @entity1 died (2.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Despite difficulties encountered in reoperative surgery after failed tracheal reconstruction for postintubation @entity850 , successful outcome may be achieved in a large number of cases.

title: Reoperative tracheal resection and reconstruction for unsuccessful repair of postintubation XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: 1. @entity2945 -reactive protein (PRP) affinity-purified from @entity4576 (Ictalurus punctatus) serum on @entity2945 - @entity3367 , eluted from Bio-Gel A-5M as a 94.6 +/- 2.4 kDa protein when the gel filtration column buffer (Tris-saline) contained 25mM @entity1098 ( @entity1098 ). 2. PRP chelated with @entity1098 immediately after affinity purification and gel-filtered in Tris-saline- @entity1098 , eluted as a 75.5 +/- 2.67 kDa protein referred to as fast-PRP (F-PRP). 3. PRP and F-PRP were identical on @entity214 -PAGE. Both resolved as a broad band of protein (ca 86-100 kDa) on non-reducing gels or as a ca 100 kDa protein after reduction with @entity6514 (2-ME). 4. After gel-filtration in Tris-saline- @entity1098 , nearly complete reduction of 100 kDa PRP was achieved on @entity214 -PAGE. However, the protein regained its resistance to reduction upon storage at -60 degrees C. 5. @entity214 -PAGE and native PAGE also revealed that during storage, PRP and F-PRP combined to form 3 different aggregates referred to as aggregated-PRP (aggPRP). These aggregates are readily dissociated in the presence of 2-ME, suggesting a covalent interaction between adjacent pentamers comprising decameric aggPRPs. 6. PRP, F-PRP, and aggPRP have similar @entity535 compositions.

title: Chelation affects the conformation, lability and aggregation of @entity4576 ( XXXX ) @entity2945 -reactive protein (PRP).

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity4576 :: ('7998', 'Species') :: ['channel catfish']

entities_list: @entity6514 :: ('MESH:D008623', 'Chemical') :: ['2-mercaptoethanol']

entities_list: @entity3367 :: ('MESH:D012685', 'Chemical') :: ['Sepharose']

entities_list: @entity2945 :: ('MESH:D010767', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorylcholine', 'Phosphorylcholine']

entities_list: @entity1098 :: ('MESH:D004492', 'Chemical') :: ['EDTA', 'ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid']

answer: @entity4576 :: (7998,Species) :: ['Ictalurus punctatus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between respiratory symptom intensity and quality and @entity358 ( @entity358 ) during induced bronchoconstriction in @entity565 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Subjects with @entity565 (n = 116) underwent baseline spirometry and lung volume measurement followed by high-dose @entity2710 challenge testing (MCT) [maximum decrease in FEV(1) of 50% from baseline]. @entity1353 intensity (Borg scale) was measured after each dose of @entity2710 . Qualitative descriptors of @entity1353 and functional residual capacity (FRC) were measured at the doses nearest to the provocative concentration of @entity2710 causing a 20% fall in FEV (PC(20)) and at the highest dose of @entity2710 (maximum response). RESULTS: FEV(1) decreased by 24.7 +/- 0.7% (mean +/- SEM) at the dose nearest to PC(20) and by 46.1 +/- 1.1% at maximum response. Inspiratory capacity decreased by 0.62 +/- 0.04 L at the dose nearest to PC(20) and 1.06 +/- 0.06 L at maximum response. The descriptor clusters "inspiratory difficulty," "chest tightness," "unsatisfied inspiration," and "work" were selected at the dose nearest to PC(20) but were more frequently selected at maximum response (p < 0.0001). Individuals who reported chest tightness at maximum response had greater airflow obstruction and higher FRC (percentage of predicted) than those who did not report chest tightness. CONCLUSIONS: Four dominant qualities of @entity1353 in @entity565 (inspiratory difficulty, chest tightness, unsatisfied inspiration, and work) were reported early in the course of MCT and evolved in parallel, becoming more prevalent at maximum response. Significant @entity358 accompanied even mild bronchoconstriction during MCT in @entity565 , making it difficult to separate mechanisms of chest tightness from other dominant respiratory sensations.

title: Dynamic hyperinflation during bronchoconstriction in XXXX : implications for symptom perception.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathlessness', 'Dyspnea', 'dyspnea']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['DH', 'dynamic lung hyperinflation']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Worldwide, 13% of maternal @entity204 are caused by complications of spontaneous or induced abortion, 29% in Uruguay and nearly half (48%) in the Pereira Rossell Hospital. PURPOSE: This paper describes a risk reduction strategy for unsafe abortions in Montevideo, Uruguay, where over one-fourth of maternal @entity204 are caused by unsafe abortion. METHODS: Although abortion is not legal in Uruguay, @entity1 desiring abortions can be counseled before and immediately after to reduce the risk of injury. @entity1 contemplating abortion were invited to attend a "before-abortion" and an "after-abortion" visit at a reproductive health polyclinic. At the "before-abortion" visit, gestational age, condition of the fetus and pathologies were diagnosed and the risks associated with the use of different abortion methods (based on the best available scientific evidence) were described. The "after-abortion" visit allowed for checking for possible complications and offering contraception. RESULTS: From March 2004 through June 2005, 675 @entity1 attended the "before-abortion" and 495 the "after-abortion" visit, the number increasing over time. Some @entity1 (3.5%) decided not to abort, others were either not pregnant, the fetus/embryo was dead or the @entity1 had a condition that permitted legal termination of pregnancy in the hospital (7.5%). Most @entity1 , however, aborted. All @entity1 used vaginal @entity396 in the doses recommended in the medical literature. There were no serious complications (one mild @entity548 not requiring transfusion). CONCLUSION: The strategy is effective in reducing unsafe abortions and their health consequences.

title: A risk reduction strategy to prevent maternal XXXX associated with unsafe abortion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['infection and two hemorrhages']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['deaths']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors that might explain a sudden increase in the rate of surgical-site complications following laminectomy. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. @entity1 AND SETTING: @entity1 who underwent laminectomy at a 120-bed hospital from August 1 through October 15, 1996 (the epidemic period). A case- @entity1 was defined as a @entity1 with postoperative surgical-site complications (surgical-site drainage, @entity4 , or swelling) requiring surgical debridement. RESULTS: Of the 148 @entity1 who underwent a laminectomy during the epidemic period, 17 (11%) met our case definition. The rate of postoperative surgical debridement was 7.6-fold higher during the epidemic period than the preceding 19-month period (17/148 vs 15/995, P<.001). Development of surgical-site complications was associated with intraoperative receipt of @entity1286 nerve paste (relative risk [RR], 11; P<.001), preoperative shaving by nurses rather than surgeons (RR, 6.6; P=.006), procedures done by a certain surgeon (RR, 3.1; P=.022), or receipt of @entity1496 rather than @entity4279 for preoperative skin antisepsis (RR, 5.1; P=.002). In multivariate analysis, only receipt of @entity1286 nerve paste remained as a risk factor (RR, 18; P=.011). The paste was used to control @entity282 and was applied directly to exposed dura and surrounding tissues. At the time of surgical debridement (median, 24 days postsurgery), the original surgical sites showed residual paste and a lack of healing. Ten of 16 cultures from surgical sites were positive; all but three grew skin commensals. Histological examination of surgical specimens showed a @entity6377 , but no marked acute @entity32 . CONCLUSIONS: The intraoperative use of @entity1286 nerve paste may delay wound healing and increase postoperative morbidity. When new products are introduced, standardized protocols should be developed for their use, and systematic surveillance should be done to monitor for potential adverse outcomes.

title: Surgical-site complications associated with a XXXX nerve paste used for @entity282 control after laminectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone-iodine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity6377 :: ('MESH:D005549', 'Disease') :: ['foreign-body reaction']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity158 is one of the few drawbacks of @entity400 ( @entity400 ) in @entity1 with nodular @entity1374 (NTD). @entity3303 / @entity5403 cream, an eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics ( @entity5404 ), is a frequently used topical anaesthetic. Despite its well-documented efficacy for the relief of @entity158 associated with other cutaneous procedures that involve needle insertion, the analgesic role of @entity5404 has not been previously reported in @entity1 with NTD who are undergoing @entity400 . The aim of this study was to determine the analgesic efficacy of @entity5404 for @entity400 -associated @entity158 in @entity1 with NTD. DESIGN: Double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. @entity1 : The study was conducted at a thyroid outpatient clinic. We studied 99 @entity1 with NTD. MEASUREMENTS: @entity1 with NTD were allocated to receive either 2.5 g of @entity5404 (n = 50) or placebo (n = 49) 60 min before ultrasonographically guided @entity400 . A series of four biopsies of each nodule was performed. @entity1 rated @entity158 associated with the procedure according to a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS), an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS), and 4-category verbal rating scale (VRS). RESULTS: When the @entity5404 group was compared with the placebo group, there were no significant differences with respect to age, sex, thyroid volume, nodule size or nodule site. Significant differences were noted in the @entity158 ratings of the two groups according to all three @entity158 scales. When the effectiveness of @entity5404 was compared with that of placebo, the mean VAS score was 25.0 +/- 22.3 mm vs. 40.0 +/- 30.5 mm (P = 0.006) and the mean NRS score was 2.9 +/- 2.3 points vs. 4.0 +/- 2.6 points (P = 0.02). The absolute numbers according to VRS score in each group was also significantly different (P = 0.01). Although our sample size was small, the data suggest that @entity400 -associated @entity158 was sex-related and that @entity1 were significantly more sensitive than were @entity1 (P = 0.003 for VAS score and P = 0.001 for NRS score). No adverse effects from the use of @entity5404 were reported. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that a topical anaesthetic, @entity5404 , provides an effective and noninvasive analgesia during the @entity400 of NTD.

title: The analgesic efficacy of @entity3303 / @entity5403 ( XXXX ) cream during @entity400 of thyroid nodules.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5403 :: ('MESH:D011318', 'Chemical') :: ['prilocaine']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['fine-needle aspiration biopsy', 'FNAB']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity5404 :: (MESH:C036626,Chemical) :: ['EMLA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: @entity44316 is a prodrug that is converted by serum esterase to a potent platelet activating factor ( @entity5567 ) antagonist ( @entity44317 ). In order to evaluate the pharmacological activity of this antagonist in @entity1 the effect of @entity44316 given to healthy volunteers on ex vivo @entity5567 -induced @entity4938 ( @entity4938 ) release in blood was assessed. SUBJECTS: 37 healthy male volunteers, age 18 to 40 (mean age of 23.6 years) and free of medication, participated in the study. TREATMENT: Subjects were administered intravenously 0.8 mg, 2 mg, or 70 mg doses of @entity44316 (6-7 subjects per group) or placebo (9 subjects, pooled). METHODS: Peripheral blood taken over 12 h after dosing was used for ex vivo @entity4938 release and, in the case of the 70 mg dose, measurement of plasma drug concentration. Data were compared by Student's t-test. RESULTS: All three doses produced highly significant inhibition (p < 0.005 compared to predose values) of @entity5567 -induced @entity4938 release (units/ml plasma +/- SEM) 12 h after drug administration (54 +/- 14 vs. 405 +/- 51, n = 8; 79 +/- 23 vs. 480 +/- 127, n = 7; 21 +/- 10 vs. 327 +/- 72, n = 6, respectively) whereas there was no significant difference in @entity4938 release in the placebo group (449 +/- 90 vs. 307 +/- 49, n = 9). Inhibition was associated with the rapid appearance in plasma of @entity44317 and the @entity44318 metabolite of @entity44317 . Within 2 h, the plasma concentration of the metabolite exceeded that of the parent drug. Both the parent drug and the metabolite exhibited potent in vitro inhibition of @entity5567 -induced @entity4938 release (A2 values of 4 and 1 nM respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These studies are the first to illustrate the utility of the @entity4938 release assay for assessing ex vivo activity of @entity5567 antagonists. These studies also demonstrate that the administration of @entity44316 to @entity1 results in potent, long lasting inhibition of @entity5567 -mediated platelet activation, due in part to the @entity44318 metabolite, and support the potential therapeutic utility of this prodrug in treating @entity5567 -mediated diseases.

title: Ex vivo inhibition of @entity4938 release following administration to @entity1 of XXXX , a novel prodrug of a potent platelet activating factor antagonist.

entities_list: @entity44318 :: ('MESH:C013229', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridine N-oxide', 'pyridine-N-oxide']

entities_list: @entity4938 :: ('5473', 'Gene') :: ['beta-TG', 'beta-thromboglobulin']

answer: @entity44316 :: (MESH:C093306,Chemical) :: ['ABT-299']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fibrotic @entity272 in @entity1 with @entity2631 can cause @entity2057 , disfigurement, and @entity1159 . There is no effective therapy for this disease. Skin @entity82 is thought to be caused by decreased collagenase activity. Collagenase activity can be induced in dermal fibroblasts by UVA1 irradiation. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to assess whether UVA1 radiation therapy is effective for @entity1 with @entity2631 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity2631 (n = 17) were exposed 30 times to 130 J/cm2 UVA1 (high-dose UVA1 therapy; n = 10) or 20 J/cm2 UVA1 (low-dose UVA1 therapy; n = 7). Therapeutic effectiveness was assessed by evaluation of (1) clinical features, (2) thickness of @entity3808 , and (3) cutaneous elastometry. Sequential biopsy specimens from treated lesions were analyzed for collagenase I messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: In all @entity1 , high-dose UVA1 therapy softened @entity3808 , and complete clearance was observed in four of 10 @entity1 . High-dose UVA1 therapy significantly reduced thickness and increased elasticity of plaques. These changes could not be detected in unirradiated control plaques and were still present in 9 of 10 @entity1 3 months after cessation of therapy. For all factors assessed, high-dose UVA1 was superior to low-dose UVA1 therapy (p = 0.001). High-dose UVA1 therapy increased collagenase I mRNA expression about 20-fold in treated plaques. CONCLUSION: High-dose UVA1 therapy is effective in the treatment of @entity2631 . Effectiveness is UVA1 dose dependent and is associated with induction of collagenase I expression.

title: High-dose UVA1 radiation therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['localized scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['flexion contractures']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

answer: @entity2631 :: (MESH:D012594,Disease) :: ['localized scleroderma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The scarring of the heart that results from @entity583 has been interpreted as evidence that the heart is composed of myocytes that are unable to divide. However, recent observations have provided evidence of proliferation of myocytes in the adult heart. Therefore, we studied the extent of mitosis among myocytes after @entity583 in @entity1 . METHODS: Samples from the border of the @entity1188 and from areas of the myocardium distant from the @entity1188 were obtained from 13 @entity1 who had died 4 to 12 days after @entity1188 . Ten normal hearts were used as controls. Myocytes that had entered the cell cycle in preparation for cell division were measured by labeling of the nuclear antigen Ki-67, which is associated with cell division. The fraction of myocyte nuclei that were undergoing mitosis was determined, and the mitotic index (the ratio of the number of nuclei undergoing mitosis to the number not undergoing mitosis) was calculated. The presence of mitotic spindles, contractile rings, karyokinesis, and cytokinesis was also recorded. RESULTS: In the infarcted hearts, Ki-67 expression was detected in 4 percent of myocyte nuclei in the regions adjacent to the @entity1188 and in 1 percent of those in regions distant from the @entity1188 . The reentry of myocytes into the cell cycle resulted in mitotic indexes of 0.08 percent and 0.03 percent, respectively, in the zones adjacent to and distant from the @entity1188 . Events characteristic of cell division--the formation of the mitotic spindles, the formation of contractile rings, karyokinesis, and cytokinesis--were identified; these features demonstrated that there was myocyte proliferation after @entity583 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results challenge the dogma that the adult heart is a postmitotic organ and indicate that the regeneration of myocytes may be a critical component of the increase in muscle mass of the myocardium.

title: Evidence that @entity1 cardiac myocytes divide after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct', 'infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: The impact of @entity227 has profound implications for the @entity1 affected and society as a whole. The majority of blind @entity1 live in developing countries, and generally, their @entity1939 could have been avoided or cured. Given the current predictions that the number of blind @entity1 worldwide will roughly double by the year 2020, it is clear that there is no room for complacency. As the world's population increases and as a greater proportion survives into late adulthood, so the number of @entity1 with @entity227 will inexorably rise. Given the success of programmes in combating the most common causes of @entity1939 ( @entity166 and @entity3147 ) which generally affect the young, and the projected demographic shift, age-related @entity2194 will become increasingly prevalent. Effective preventive measures for these diseases can only be established as more is known about their etiology. As the longevity of the world's population increases, the visual requirements at the workplace are also changing. @entity1 with @entity4064 may be at a disadvantage in many common activities, and may face unemployment--particularly in technological societies. The @entity1939 needs to be rethought, to ensure that @entity1 with "economic" @entity1939 are not forgotten. Efforts should be made to recognize and treat those affected at an early stage, for the benefit of the individual and society.

title: Prevention of XXXX and priorities for the future.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye disease']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['definition of blindness', 'blindness']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity4064 :: ('MESH:D015354', 'Disease') :: ['low vision']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity1939 :: (MESH:D001766,Disease) :: ['blindness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity970 ) is widely accepted as the preferred procedure to establish long-term enteral feeding. OBJECTIVE: To learn the long-term outcomes of the @entity1 who have undergone @entity970 placement, we reviewed our experience with @entity1 who underwent this procedure in our institute. METHODS: A total of 83 pediatric @entity1 (42 males and 41 females), who were aged from 3 months to 20 years, underwent @entity970 insertion in National Taiwan University Hospital from January 2000 to April 2011. The underlying diseases of the @entity1 receiving @entity970 were @entity51 (n = 67), @entity209 (n = 9), @entity344 (n = 2), and @entity299 (n = 1). This procedure was performed under intravenous sedation or under general anesthesia. Prophylactic antibiotics were administered for 1 day. Tube feeding began 24 hours after the @entity970 placement. The body weight of the @entity1 was recorded 1 day before @entity970 placement and at least 6 months after @entity970 placement. RESULTS: The weight-for-age Z-score before and at 6 months after @entity970 placement were -1.5    2.0 and -0.9    2.1, respectively, which was statistically significant (paired t test, p = 0.006). The catch-up growth was recorded after @entity970 placement. Complications of @entity970 in our @entity1 included @entity2688 at the gastrostomy wound (n = 14), dislodgement of the tube (n = 17), and persistent @entity12322 (n = 3). The @entity970 tube was removed permanently in seventeen @entity1 because they resumed an adequate oral intake. During the follow-up period, 14 @entity1 died of an underlying disease or @entity281 . CONCLUSION: Our experience confirmed that @entity970 placement is a good long-term route for nutritional supply with no serious complications in @entity1 .

title: Long-term outcome after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity12322 :: ('MESH:C535651', 'Disease') :: ['gastrocutaneous fistula']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: A cross sectional study was performed to try to identify various demographic and radiologic risk factors for disease progression in 50 @entity1 (79 hips) with corticosteroid associated @entity2530 of the femoral head who had a core decompression. Thirty-one of the hips were in 18 @entity1 who had @entity1252 and were compared with the remaining group of 48 hips in 32 @entity1 who were taking corticosteroids for other reasons. All @entity1 in the study had been taking greater than 30 mg of @entity229 for at least 2 weeks at least 6 months before the onset of @entity2530 . @entity1 underwent a core decompression and were then observed for an average of 12 years (range, 4-18 years). Overall, 42 of the 79 hips (53%) had satisfactory outcomes. Of the 31 hips in @entity1 with @entity1252 , 21 (68%) were converted to a total hip replacement. In the @entity1 without @entity1252 taking corticosteroids, 16 of 48 hips (33%) progressed to arthroplasty. A subset of 25 hips from each group ( @entity1252 and without @entity1252 ) were matched for age, gender, @entity229 dose, Ficat and Arlet Stage, and length of followup. The matched group without @entity1252 had 44% survival (11 of 25 hips), which was not statistically different when compared with the 36% survival (9 of 25 hips) found in the @entity1252 group. The major risk factors for disease progression were late stage of disease (Stage III) at presentation and radiographic extent of the lesion (>200 degrees), regardless of diagnosis. None of the factors that have been found to be associated with @entity2530 in @entity1 with @entity1252 could be associated with disease progression. Because cause seems to be less significant than the onset and extent of the disease, the clinician should make the diagnosis of @entity2530 as promptly as possible so that treatment can be started at the earliest possible time, when it will be most efficacious.

title: Core decompression for XXXX of the femoral head in @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['osteonecrosis']


abstract: CASE HISTORY: In 2008, a 3-year-old female Labrador Retriever was presented for routine breeding soundness evaluation. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Vaginal endoscopy revealed an 8-cm long and 1-cm thick @entity365 . Surgical resection of the septum was performed under general anaesthesia using a bipolar high-frequency resectoscope. Three months later the bitch was naturally mated and subsequently delivered five male and two female puppies without complications. Both female puppies were examined at the age of 12 and 15 months and showed a @entity365 with a diameter of 0.3 and 0.5 cm, respectively. DIAGNOSIS: Vaginal septa in three related bitches. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This is the first report describing the use of a bipolar high-frequency resectoscope for vaginal surgery in @entity235 . The septum could be resected quickly, with preservation of surrounding structures. Furthermore, it is the first report collecting information about familial presentation of vaginal septa in female @entity235 . Based on this case, we suggest that consideration should be given to the possible risk of inheritance of vaginal septa before considering surgical resection and breeding of female @entity235 .

title: Endoscopic resection of a XXXX in a bitch and observation of septa in two related bitches.

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal septum']

answer: @entity365 :: (MESH:D014627,Disease) :: ['vaginal septum']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the accuracy of noncontrast computed tomography (NCT), perfusion computed tomography (PCT), and computed tomographic angiography (CTA) in determining site of occlusion, @entity1188 core, salvageable brain tissue, and collateral flow in a large series of @entity1 suspected of @entity64 . METHODS: We retrospectively identified all consecutive @entity1 with signs and symptoms suggesting @entity64 of < 48 hours in duration who were evaluated on admission by NCT, PCT, and CTA, and underwent a follow-up CT/CTA or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) within 6 months of initial imaging. Two neuroradiologists evaluated NCT for hypodensity, PCT for @entity1188 core and salvageable brain tissue, and CTA source images and maximal intensity projections for site of occlusion, @entity1188 core, and collateral flow. Follow-up CTA and MRA were assessed for persistent @entity432 or recanalization. Follow-up CT and MRI were reviewed for final @entity1188 location and volume, and used as a gold standard to calculate @entity2915 ( @entity2915 ) and specificity (SP) of initial imaging. RESULTS: A total of 113 @entity1 were considered for analysis, including 55 @entity1 with a final diagnosis of @entity64 . CTA source images were the most accurate technique in the detection of the site of occlusion ( @entity2915 = 95%; SP = 100%). Decreased cerebral blood volume on PCT was the most accurate predictor of final @entity1188 volume ( @entity2915 = 80%; SP = 97%), Increased mean transit time on PCT was predictive of the tissue at risk for @entity1188 in @entity1 with persistent @entity432 . CTA maximal intensity projections was the best technique to quantify the degree of collateral circulation. INTERPRETATION: The most accurate assessment of the site of occlusion, @entity1188 core, salvageable brain tissue, and collateral circulation in @entity1 suspected of @entity64 is afforded by a combination of PCT and @entity13542 .

title: Systematic comparison of perfusion-CT and CT-angiography in @entity64 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['hemispheric stroke', 'stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['sensitivity', 'SE']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early results for anatomic repair of @entity4263 are excellent with respect to right ventricular and tricuspid valve function. However, development of left ventricular (systemic ventricle) dysfunction late after repair remains a concern. In this study we sought to determine factors leading to late impairment in left ventricular performance. METHODS: From August 1992 to July 2005, 44 @entity1 (median age at surgery, 1.6 years; range, 0.6 to 39.6 years) with @entity4263 had anatomic repair. @entity1002 were evaluated by echocardiography at follow-up. Twenty-three @entity1 had a Rastelli procedure, and 21 underwent an arterial switch. Twelve @entity1 (27%) were pacemaker dependent at latest follow-up. RESULTS: Early mortality was 4.5% (n = 2) with 1 late @entity204 as a result of @entity1778 . Median follow-up was 3.0 years (range, 7 days to 12.4 years). Left ventricular function remained unchanged (normal) in 35 @entity1 , improved in 1 @entity1 , and deteriorated in 8 @entity1 (18%). @entity339 was unchanged in 30 @entity1 , improved in 6 @entity1 , and worsened in 8 @entity1 (18%). Development of @entity1002 was significantly associated with pacemaker implantation (p = 0.005) and a widened QRS (>20% > 98% percentile of normal; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Anatomic repair of congenitally corrected transposition can be performed with low operative mortality. However, late @entity1002 is not uncommon, with higher incidence in those requiring pacing and with a prolonged QRS. Resynchronization may be of value in @entity1 requiring a pacemaker.

title: Determinants of @entity1002 after anatomic repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['Mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity4263 :: ('MESH:C535426', 'Disease') :: ['congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular function and mitral regurgitation', 'left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity4263 :: (MESH:C535426,Disease) :: ['congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries']


abstract: PURPOSE: Isolated high grade @entity5436 and/or atypical small acinar proliferation on prostate biopsy increases the risk of identifying @entity5 on repeat biopsy. We report the results of repeat prostate biopsy for high grade @entity5436 and/or atypical small acinar proliferation, and propose an optimal repeat biopsy strategy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 1,391 @entity1 who underwent standard systematic sextant biopsy of the prostate 137 (9.8%) had isolated high grade @entity5436 or atypical small acinar proliferation, including 100 who underwent repeat prostate biopsy within 12 months of the initial biopsy. RESULTS: @entity420 was detected in 47 of the 100 @entity1 who underwent repeat biopsy. The initial biopsy site of high grade @entity5436 and/or atypical small acinar proliferation matched the sextant location of @entity5 on repeat biopsy in 22 cases (47%). Repeat biopsy directed only to the high grade @entity5436 and/or atypical small acinar proliferation site on initial biopsy would have missed 53% of @entity5 cases. In 12 of the 47 @entity1 (26%) @entity5 was limited to the side of the prostate contralateral to the side of high grade @entity5436 and/or atypical small acinar proliferation. Of the 31 @entity1 with @entity5 in whom the transition zone was sampled @entity5 was limited to the transition zone in 4 (13%) and evident at other biopsy sites in 13 (42%). The only significant predictor of positive repeat biopsy was mean @entity1486 velocity plus or minus standard error (1.37 +/- 1.4 versus 0.52 +/- 0.8 ng./ml. per year, p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with isolated high grade @entity5436 and/or atypical small acinar proliferation on prostate biopsy are at 47% risk for @entity5 on repeat biopsy. The optimal repeat biopsy strategy in this setting should include bilateral biopsies of the standard sextant locations. We also strongly recommend that transition zone sampling should be considered.

title: Repeat biopsy strategy in @entity1 with atypical small acinar proliferation or high grade XXXX on initial prostate needle biopsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity5436 :: (MESH:D019048,Disease) :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia']


abstract: @entity44 and @entity14641 are @entity5 containing tissue derivatives of all three germ-layers. They can be induced by transplantation of animal embryos to ectopic microenvironment. Development of @entity5 depends on embryonic stage, species-specificity and immunological competence of the host. In the @entity1 , @entity44 and @entity14641 usually represent a subtype of germ-cell @entity5 but sacrococcygeal @entity44 arise from the remnants of the pluripotent primitive streak. Undifferentiated @entity189 ( @entity189 ) cells are responsible for the malignancy of experimental @entity19 @entity14641 . @entity19 @entity189 cells injected to the adult give rise to @entity5 and upon injection to early embryos to differentiated tissues--thus resembling normal @entity19 embryonic stem cells (mESC). Epigenetic changes rather than mutations are associated with transformation of mESC to @entity189 cells. @entity1 @entity189 and @entity2828 cell-lines (hESC) contain chromosomal abnormalities and can form @entity14641 after transplantation. @entity2828 cells are among those proposed for cell replacement therapy in the @entity1 . Suicide gene introduction should be recommended prior to their use in vivo to ablate them in case of malignant transformation.

title: Of @entity19 and @entity1 : XXXX and @entity14641 .

entities_list: @entity14641 :: ('MESH:D018243', 'Disease') :: ['teratocarcinomas', 'teratocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'malignant teratocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinoma', 'EC']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratomas', 'Teratomas']

answer: @entity44 :: (MESH:D013724,Disease) :: ['teratomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our purpose was to determine the characteristic MR features of early-onset (before age 2 years) versus late-onset (after age 2 years) @entity15224 ( @entity15224 ). METHODS: Thirty-four brain MR images in 22 @entity1 with @entity15224 were reviewed. A severity score (0 to 32), based on a point system derived from the location and extent of disease and the presence of focal and/or global @entity194 , was calculated for each examination. RESULTS: Of the 22 @entity1 , three were asymptomatic and 19 were symptomatic. Ten @entity1 had early-onset disease, whereas nine had late-onset disease. MR images of all @entity1 showed abnormalities. In the early-onset group (n = 10; mean maximum MR score, 8.1; range, 3-18), 90% had pyramidal tract involvement, 80% had cerebellar white matter involvement, 70% had deep gray matter involvement, 60% had posterior corpus callosal involvement, 50% had parietooccipital white matter involvement, and 40% had @entity194 . Serial MR imaging in four of these @entity1 revealed @entity74 . In the late-onset group (n = 9; mean maximum MR score, 5.6; range, 4-10), 100% had pyramidal tract involvement, 100% had parietooccipital white matter involvement, 89% had posterior corpus callosal involvement, and none had cerebellar white matter involvement, deep gray matter involvement, or @entity194 . Serial MR imaging in one @entity1 with late-onset @entity15224 did not reveal any change. A spectrum of findings was observed in the three @entity1 who were asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: Cerebellar white matter and deep gray matter involvement are present only in early-onset @entity15224 . Pyramidal tract involvement is a characteristic finding in both early- and late-onset @entity15224 . This scoring method for brain MR observations will assist in the objective assessment of the impact of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in @entity1 with @entity15224 .

title: XXXX : distinguishing early-onset from late-onset disease using a brain MR imaging scoring method.

entities_list: @entity15224 :: ('MESH:D007965', 'Disease') :: ['GLD', 'globoid cell leukodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'cerebral atrophy']

answer: @entity15224 :: (MESH:D007965,Disease) :: ['Globoid cell leukodystrophy']


abstract: @entity400 ( @entity400 ) has been an important strategy of drug development for the treatment of @entity191 ( @entity191 ). @entity26742 is a non- @entity4086 D3/D2/D1 @entity935 agonist for treating @entity191 . As a new treatment option for @entity400 , @entity26742 -loaded microspheres (RoMS), a long-acting sustained-release microspheres for injection with @entity10124 as drug carrier, are now being evaluated in clinical trial. In this study, subchronic @entity137 of RoMS in SD @entity35 has been characterized via intramuscular administration with RoMS (0-240 mg/kg/week) on a consecutive weekly dosing schedule for 3 months followed by 1-month recovery period. The No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) was 45 mg/kg/week. One male at 240 mg/kg died from an extensive @entity1151 . The major toxicological effects were associated with the @entity935 agonist-related pharmacodynamic properties of @entity26742 (e.g. @entity2915 and stereotype, enlarged ovary, sporadic @entity1819 , decreased body weight, food consumption and prolactin, and increased mononuclear cell, neutrophil granulocyte, @entity492 aminotransferase and @entity493 aminotransferase) and foreign body removal reaction induced by @entity10124 and carboxymethycellulose @entity1372 . At the end of recovery period, all findings had recovered to a normal level or to a certain degree except foreign body reaction at injection sites. RoMS has exhibited high safety on SD @entity35 .

title: Three-month @entity137 study of @entity26742 -loaded microspheres in SD XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity26742 :: ('MESH:C047508', 'Chemical') :: ['rotigotine', 'Rotigotine']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucous membrane lesions']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['Continuous dopaminergic stimulation', 'CDS']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity10124 :: ('CHEBI:53493', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(lactide-co-glycolide)']

entities_list: @entity4086 :: ('MESH:D004873', 'Chemical') :: ['ergoline']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the results of arthroscopic repair in acute anterior shoulder @entity130 with those of nonoperative treatment. TYPE OF STUDY: A prospective nonrandomized study was performed. METHODS: Between August 1989 and April 1997, 46 @entity1 were seen after a first episode of @entity2065 . The average age was 21 years (range, 17 to 27 years). Most dislocations were in rugby players (36 @entity1 ). There were 18 @entity1 treated by nonoperative methods and 28 @entity1 treated by acute arthroscopic repair; 22 @entity1 using transglenoid suture and 6 @entity1 with bone anchor suture fixation. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 treated nonoperatively, 94.5% suffered a redislocation between 4 and 18 months (average, 6 months). In the operative group, 96% of the @entity1 (27) obtained excellent results according to the Rowe scale. Only 1 @entity1 suffered a redislocation 1 year after surgery. Three different types of lesions were found during surgery: group I, capsular tear with no labrum lesion (4%); group II, capsular tear with partial labrum detachment (32%); and group III, capsular tear and full anterior labrum detachment (64%). The average follow-up was 67.4 months (range, 28 to 120). There were no surgical complications. CONCLUSIONS: The operative group obtained 96% excellent results, but the nonoperative group only obtained 5.5% excellent results, according to the Rowe scale. The nonoperative group showed a high incidence of redislocation (94.5%) compared with the operative group (4%). Based on the findings of this study, we recommend using an arthroscopic evaluation and repair after an initial anterior traumatic shoulder dislocation in young athletes.

title: Arthroscopic repair of acute XXXX in young athletes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2065 :: ('MESH:D012783', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic dislocation']

answer: @entity2065 :: (MESH:D012783,Disease) :: ['traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation']


abstract: AIM: To investigate whether @entity28365 is regulated by microRNA-548a-5p ( @entity21445 -548a-5p), and correlates with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) cell proliferation and apoptosis. METHODS: Assays of loss of function of @entity28365 were performed by the colony formation assay, CCK assay and cell cycle assay in @entity157 cell lines. The interaction between @entity21445 -548a-5p and its downstream target, @entity28365 , was evaluated by a dual-luciferase reporter assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. @entity28365 was then up-regulated in @entity157 cells to evaluate its effect on @entity21445 -548a-5p regulation. HepG2 cells stably overexpressing @entity21445 -548a-5p or @entity21445 -control were also subcutaneously inoculated into @entity19 to evaluate the effect of @entity21445 -548a-5p up-regulation on in vivo @entity5 growth. As the final step, the effect of @entity21445 -548a-5p on the apoptosis induced by @entity900 was evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Down-regulation of @entity28365 , which is a target gene of @entity21445 -548a-5p, accelerated @entity157 cell proliferation, and @entity21445 -548a-5p promoted @entity157 cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Like the down-regulation of @entity28365 , overexpression of @entity21445 -548a-5p in @entity157 cell lines promoted cell proliferation, increased colony forming ability and hampered cell apoptosis. In addition, @entity21445 -548a-5p overexpression increased @entity157 cell growth in vivo. @entity21445 -548a-5p down-regulated @entity28365 expression through direct contact with its 3' untranslated region (UTR), and @entity21445 -548a-5p expression was negatively correlated with @entity28365 levels in @entity157 specimens. Restoring @entity28365 (without the 3'UTR) significantly hampered @entity21445 -548a-5p induced cell proliferation, and rescued the @entity21445 -548a-5p induced cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induced by @entity900 . CONCLUSION: @entity21445 -548a-5p negatively regulates the @entity5 inhibitor gene @entity28365 and promotes tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo, indicating its potential as a novel therapeutic target for @entity157 .

title: MicroRNA-548a-5p promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in XXXX cells by targeting @entity28365 .

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: APC-resistance is the most common hereditary condition associated with @entity49 . It is in a majority of cases due to a single point mutation in the factor V gene (FVR506Q). Currently used functional APC-resistance tests have 85-90% sensitivity and specificity for the FVR506Q mutation. A modified test which includes predilution of @entity1 plasma in factor V depleted plasma has increased the sensitivity and specificity for the factor V mutation. However, neither the original nor the modified APC-resistance test have been evaluated in @entity1 with acute @entity715 events. We have therefore used the original and the modified APC-resistance tests in 220 @entity1 with clinically suspected @entity1150 and in 278 healthy controls. The FVR506Q mutation was determined in all @entity1 . The @entity1 were classified as either @entity1150 ( @entity1150 )-negative or @entity1150 -positive depending on the outcome of contrast phlebography. In individuals with normal factor V genotype, the original APC-resistance test gave significantly lower APC-ratio values both in @entity1150 -positive and @entity1150 -negative @entity1 than in healthy controls. The specificity of the original APC-resistance test for the FVR506Q mutation in controls and in @entity1150 -negative and @entity1150 -positive @entity1 were 85%, 54% and 28%, respectively, when a cut off APC-ratio of 3.2 which insured 100% sensitivity was used. Using the modified APC-resistance test, essentially no difference in APC-ratios between @entity1 with normal factor V genotype and healthy controls with normal factor V genotype was observed. The modified APC-resistance test had a specificity for the FVR506Q mutation of 98.8% at an APC-ratio cut off of 2.1 which ensured 100% sensitivity. The original APC-resistance test gave lower APC-ratios in @entity1 than in @entity1 and in @entity1 with acute @entity715 as compared to controls. In conclusion, the modified APC-resistance test is highly sensitive and specific for the FVR506Q mutation. This test can be used in clinical practice as an easy to perform screening test for the FVR506Q allele. Moreover, the test performs equally well in @entity1 with acute suspected @entity49 as in healthy controls.

title: Evaluation of original and modified APC-resistance tests in unselected outpatients with clinically suspected XXXX and in healthy controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'acute deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To explore the meaning of @entity4457 from both parents' and @entity1 's perspectives and to seek correlations between the experiential aspects of the condition and its treatment, the clinical characteristics of @entity4457 and any apparent psychopathology. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity4457 and their parents were engaged in semistructured in-depth interviews. @entity1 also underwent a vision assessment and, where applicable, parents and @entity1 completed a psychological inventory, the Behaviour Assessment System for @entity1 . RESULTS: Dealing with stigma and the perceptions and responses of peers were found to be of central significance to the experience of @entity4457 therapy. This had adverse consequences for some @entity1 's identity and psychosocial well-being. The clinical manifestations of @entity4457 did not correlate with the social implications of the condition. However, @entity1 with strabismus were noted to have significantly greater conduct and externalizing problems. CONCLUSIONS: Given that @entity4457 can affect @entity1 's psychosocial well-being, health outcomes need to integrate both vision and psychosocial implications of treatment. Although treatment should aim to reverse @entity4457 and restore visual acuity, efforts to minimise any negative psychosocial consequences of treatment should be made. A way to balance managing @entity4457 and ensuring @entity1 's psychosocial well-being should to be considered by clinicians and included in treatment guidelines.

title: Psychosocial impact of XXXX and its treatment: a multidisciplinary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity4457 :: (MESH:D000550,Disease) :: ['amblyopia']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the effectiveness of periurethral autologous fat injection as treatment for female stress urinary @entity322 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity3142 were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive periurethral injections of autologous fat (treatment group) or saline (placebo group). After injection @entity1 were evaluated monthly for 3 months by a validated standardized @entity322 questionnaire, 1-hour pad test and cough test. @entity1 who remained incontinent were offered repeat injection using the same initial agent to a maximum of 3 injections. Every 3 months after injection @entity1 were assessed by a standardized questionnaire, pad test, cough test and urodynamics. Those who did not qualify for repeat injection at 3 months were then followed 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months or until failure. RESULTS: Of the 68 @entity1 enrolled 35 received fat and 33 received saline injections. The groups were comparable in terms of baseline parameters. A total of 56 @entity1 completed the study, including 27 in the fat and 29 in the placebo group, for a total of 189 injections (91 fat and 98 saline). At 3 months 6 of 27 (22.2%) and 6 of 29 (20.7%) @entity1 were cured or improved in the fat and saline groups, respectively. Complications included @entity2335 in 9 of 189 injections, urinary retention in 6 in the fat injection group, urge @entity322 in 9 of 68 @entity1 and @entity1151 resulting in @entity204 in 1 of 189 procedures. CONCLUSIONS: In this study periurethral fat injection did not appear to be more efficacious than placebo for treating @entity3142 .

title: Periurethral autologous fat injection as treatment for female stress urinary XXXX : a randomized double-blind controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fat embolism']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: Theiler's @entity19 @entity1651 virus (TMEV) is divided into two subgroups based on neurovirulence. During the acute phase, DA virus infects cells in the gray matter of the central nervous system (CNS). Throughout the chronic phase, DA virus infects glial cells in the white matter, causing @entity17 . Although GDVII virus also infects neurons in the gray matter, infected @entity19 developed a severe polioencephalomyelitis, and no virus is detected in the white matter or other areas in the CNS in rare survivors. Several sequence differences between the two viruses are located in VP2 puff B and VP1 loop II, which are located near each other, close to the proposed receptor binding site. We constructed a DA virus mutant, DApBL2M, which has the VP1 @entity778 and a mutation at position 171 in VP2 puff B. While DApBL2 @entity23338 replicated less efficiently than DA virus during the acute phase, DApBL2M-induced acute @entity244 was comparable to that in DA @entity778 . Interestingly, during the chronic phase, DApBL2M caused prolonged gray matter disease in the brain without white matter involvement in the spinal cord. This is opposite what is observed during wild-type DA @entity778 . Our study is the first to demonstrate that conformational differences via interaction of VP2 puff B and VP1 loop II between GDVII and DA viruses can play an important role in making the transition of @entity281 from the gray matter in the brain to the spinal cord white matter during TMEV @entity281 .

title: Prolonged gray matter disease without @entity17 caused by Theiler's XXXX @entity1651 virus with a mutation in VP2 puff B.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['loop II of GDVII virus', 'virus infection']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelinating disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ['polioencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Effective protocols for oocyte activation are crucial for study of parthenogenetic development and to produce nuclear transfer reconstructed embryos. This study investigated the use of @entity1360 ( @entity39916 ) and @entity31859 ( @entity15410 ) in the activation of parthenogenetic and nuclear transfer porcine oocytes. In-vitro-matured oocytes with a polar body were treated with varying concentrations of ION, @entity15410 or its combinations, and then fixed or cultured to assess activation and development rates, respectively. @entity1360 concentrations of 10 and 15 microM resulted in more frequent oocyte activation and the 15 microM in advanced development compared to 5 microM (71.8 and 70%vs. 47.5%; P=0.04, and 43.7%vs. 19.3%; P=0.008, respectively). Oocytes treated with 10, 20 or 30 mM of @entity15410 for 2 or 4h displayed a pronuclear formation rate ranging from 46.7 to 70%. When employed after a 5 min treatment with 10 or 15 microM ION, exposure to 10 mM @entity15410 for 4 h resulted in higher pronuclear formation than did the 20 mM concentration (82 and 88.6%vs. 63.3 and 73.2%; P=0.03). Nuclear transfer reconstructed oocytes treated with 15 microM/5 min ION followed by 10 mM/4 h @entity15410 resulted in a higher development to blastocyst stage compared to those treated with 15 microM ION alone (17.7 vs. 11.3%; P=0.06). In conclusion, we inferred that the inclusion of @entity15410 in the activation protocol can benefit the development of nuclear transfer reconstructed porcine oocytes.

title: Chemical activation of parthenogenetic and nuclear transfer porcine oocytes using XXXX and @entity31859 .

entities_list: @entity31859 :: ('MESH:C025700', 'Chemical') :: ['strontium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['Ionomycin', 'ionomycin']

answer: @entity1360 :: (MESH:D015759,Chemical) :: ['ionomycin']


abstract: 1. Using grease-gap recordings from the isolated superior cervical ganglion of @entity19 , @entity35 and @entity840 , we have compared the depolarization evoked by @entity750 ( @entity750 ) with that evoked by the selective 5-HT3 receptor agonist @entity27881 ( @entity40824 ). 2. The maximum depolarization induced by @entity40824 was smaller than that induced by @entity750 in all three species, and particularly in the @entity840 . 3. The 5-HT2 receptor antagonist @entity6009 (1 microM) caused a clear rightward shift of the dose-response curve to @entity750 on the @entity840 ganglion, but not on the @entity19 or @entity35 ganglion. @entity11054 (0.03 microM) had a quantitatively similar action to @entity6009 (0.1 microM) on the @entity750 dose-response curve of the @entity840 ganglion. @entity6009 had no significant effect on the dose-response curve to @entity40824 on any of these ganglia. 4. Using @entity40824 as the agonist, we determined the pA2 values for two 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. The potency of ICS 205-930 varied by approximately 100 fold between the species and that of @entity2899 varied by over 1000 fold. The differences in the pA2 values of these compounds varied independently among the species. 5. We conclude that 5-HT3 receptors are present on the superior cervical ganglion from the @entity35 , @entity19 and @entity840 , but these receptors may be pharmacologically distinct from each other. In addition, the depolarization of the @entity840 superior cervical ganglion by low concentrations of @entity750 is largely mediated by @entity6009 -sensitive receptors.

title: Evidence that the 5-HT3 receptors of the @entity35 , XXXX and @entity840 superior cervical ganglion may be different.

entities_list: @entity11054 :: ('MESH:D013134', 'Chemical') :: ['Spiperone']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity6009 :: ('MESH:D007650', 'Chemical') :: ['Ketanserin', 'ketanserin']

entities_list: @entity2899 :: ('MESH:D014403', 'Chemical') :: ['(+)-tubocurarine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this investigation was to examine physiological demands of single match play in @entity2633 . METHODS: 20 players performed 10 matches of 50 min. Respiratory gas exchange measures (RGEM) and heart rates (HR) were measured using two portable systems. @entity880 concentration was determined after each game. The average @entity26 uptake (VO2) of 270 games was 29.1 +/- 5.6 mL.kg-1. @entity1009 (51.1 +/- 10.9% of VO2max). Average VO2 for a game ranged from 10.4 to 47.8 mL.kg-1. @entity1009 (20.4 and 86.8% of VO2max). Average @entity880 concentration (LA) was 2.07 +/- 0.9 mmol.L-1 (ranging from 0.7 to 5.2 mmol.L-1). Furthermore, we monitored the duration of rallies (DR), the effective playing time (EPT), and the @entity64 frequency (SF). The average values of 270 games were DR: 6.4 +/- 4.1 s, EPT: 29.3 +/- 12.1%, SF: 42.6 +/- 9.6 shots. @entity1009 . RESULTS: Multiple regression revealed that the DR was the most promising variable for the determination of @entity4962 in match play (r = 0.54). The body surface area (BSA) and EPT were also entered into the calculation model. In games of two defensive players, VO2 was significantly higher than in games with at least one offensive player. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that energy demands of @entity2633 matches are significantly influenced by DR. The highest average VO2 of a game of 47.8 mL.kg-1. @entity1009 may be regarded as a guide to assess endurance capacity required to sustain high-intensity periods of @entity2633 matches compared with average VO2 of 29.1 mL.kg-1. @entity1009 for the 270 games. Our results suggest that proper conditioning is advisable especially for players who prefer to play from the baseline.

title: A physiological profile of XXXX match play.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate', 'lactate']

answer: @entity2633 :: (MESH:D013716,Disease) :: ['tennis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: although maintaining activity is key to successful @entity158 management, and important to health and wellbeing, it is known that older @entity1 in @entity158 frequently alter or reduce activity levels. A 'fear-avoidance' model is often used to explain avoidance of activity in the face of @entity158 . However, this model is not intended to take account of the wider context in which activity changes take place, nor older @entity1 's own explanations for their behaviour. OBJECTIVE: to investigate the reasons why older @entity1 in the community adjust their activity levels when living with @entity1118 . METHODS: thirty-one @entity1 aged between 67 and 92 were purposively sampled from respondents to a community-based cross-sectional survey. All @entity1 had reported long-term @entity158 and were interviewed about this. Data were collected and analysed using a qualitative constructivist grounded theory approach. FINDINGS: explanations for deliberative reduction or ceasing of activities reflected a desire to prevent @entity158 exacerbation, thereby avoiding medical intervention. It also reflected a desire to safeguard autonomy in the face of @entity158 in older age. Restrictions were often rationalised as normal in older age, although co-existing accounts of perseverance and frustration with limitation were also evident. CONCLUSIONS: a rational desire to avoid @entity158 exacerbation and medical intervention motivated restrictions to activity. However, deliberative limitation of activity has the potential to compromise autonomy by increasing social isolation and de-conditioning. Supporting older @entity1 with @entity158 to be active requires sensitivity to the function of activity restriction, especially as a means of preventing deterioration.

title: 'Living within your limits': activity restriction in older @entity1 experiencing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: @entity6448 ( @entity6449 ) is a representative of the perfluorinated @entity7574 used as commercial wetting agents and @entity1032 . Signs of @entity6449 @entity137 have been reported to resemble those seen after exposure to @entity1300 . To determine if @entity6449 exhibits teratogenic effects similar to those of @entity1300 or is a developmental toxin, time-mated C57BL/6 @entity19 were administered @entity6449 by gavage in @entity4336 oil (10 ml/kg) on gestation days (gd) 10-13 or gd 6-15 at levels of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0, or 32.0 mg/kg/day or 0, 0.03, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, 6.4, or 12.8 mg/kg/day, respectively. Dams were killed on gd 18 and maternal and fetal @entity137 was assessed. Fetuses were examined for external, @entity600 . @entity1017 (corrected for the weight of the gravid uterus) was significantly reduced as a result of @entity6449 treatment at 6.4 and 12.8 mg/kg/day (gd 6-15) and 16.0 and 32.0 mg/kg/day (gd 10-13). Fetal viability was decreased only in those groups showing extensive maternal body weight loss. Fetal body weights were significantly reduced at levels as low as 0.1 mg/kg/day (gd 6-15) and 0.5 mg/kg/day (gd 10-13). No @entity3041 , @entity2419 , or @entity4 was observed nor were any other soft tissue or skeletal malformations detected. Thus, @entity6449 does not produce malformations in C57BL/6 @entity19 , and the developmental @entity137 observed (increased fetal mortality and decreased live fetal body weight) was seen only at doses that were maternally toxic.

title: Developmental @entity137 of XXXX in C57BL/6 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['flame retardants']

entities_list: @entity7574 :: ('MESH:D002264', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxylic acids']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['visceral, or skeletal malformations']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['Maternal body weight gain']

entities_list: @entity6448 :: ('MESH:C036567', 'Chemical') :: ['Perfluorodecanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

answer: @entity6448 :: (MESH:C036567,Chemical) :: ['perfluorodecanoic acid']


abstract: Marked anthropometric changes are seen in @entity6038 ( @entity6038 ). Emaciation is observed during infancy, whereas severe @entity28 is found in older @entity1 and adults. @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) treatment modifies the anthropometric changes in @entity6038 @entity1 . In this study, we examined changes in the body composition of 51 @entity6038 @entity1 (age range, 6-54 years; median, 16.5 years), with a focus on the amount of abdominal @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ), @entity1386 / @entity1386 ratio, and serum levels of adipocytokines ( @entity1254 , leptin, and resistin). The relationships between @entity1386 , @entity1386 , and adipocytokines, and lipid abnormalities and @entity164 2 @entity6 in 24 @entity1 with @entity6038 were also evaluated. With increasing age, @entity1386 and @entity1386 both increased markedly, but in 18 @entity1 receiving @entity2124 treatment, @entity1386 remained low at  <=30   cm(2) . In the @entity2124 -completed @entity1 (n   =   19), @entity1386 and @entity1386 increased with age to levels similar to those in non- @entity2124 -treated @entity1 (n   =   14). In the obese group, @entity1254 decreased as @entity1386 increased (r   =   -0.35, P   =   0.11). Leptin (r   =   0.67, P   <   0.001) and resistin (r   =   0.45, P   =   0.04) showed positive correlations with @entity1386 . Total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein, and @entity412 levels correlated negatively with @entity1254 (r   =   -0.59, r   =   -0.56, r   =   -0.56, respectively, P   <   0.05) and hemoglobin A1c (r   =   -0.42, P   =   0.08). To maintain lower @entity1386 and prevent @entity65 risk factors, @entity2124 treatment may be advisable even in adult @entity1 with @entity6038 .

title: Characterization of fat distribution in XXXX : relationships with adipocytokines and influence of @entity2124 treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6038 :: ('MESH:D011218', 'Disease') :: ['obese PWS', 'PWS', 'Prader-Willi syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous adipose tissue', 'visceral adipose tissue', 'SAT', 'VAT']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6038 :: (MESH:D011218,Disease) :: ['Prader-Willi syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A spontaneous de novo mutation is a new mutation appeared in a @entity1 that neither the parent carries. Recent studies suggest that recurrent de novo loss-of-function mutations identified in @entity1 with sporadic @entity72 ( @entity72 ) play a key role in the etiology of the disorder. @entity35723 is one of the most recurrently mutated genes in @entity72 @entity1 . Our laboratory and other groups have recently found that @entity35723 has at least 18 independent de novo possible loss-of-function mutations. Despite the apparent importance, these mutations have never previously been assessed via functional analysis. METHODS: Using wild-type, the Q1042R-mutated, and R1008X-mutated @entity35723 , we performed DNA-binding experiments for proteins that used the @entity17353 box sequence in vitro. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer post hoc tests. RESULTS: This study reveals that @entity72 -associated de novo mutations (Q1042R and R1008X) in the @entity35723 disrupt its DNA-binding activity. CONCLUSIONS: Here, we report the first functional characterization of de novo @entity35723 mutations identified in sporadic @entity72 cases. These findings provide important insights into the cellular basis of @entity72 .

title: De novo XXXX mutations in sporadic autism disrupt the DNA-binding activity of @entity35723 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

answer: @entity35723 :: (23126,Gene) :: ['POGZ']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Preliminary studies have suggested that @entity30926 ( @entity30926 ), @entity11092 ( @entity11092 ), and @entity5438 may be useful markers of chemoresistance. Our goal was to evaluate the expression of @entity30926 , @entity11092 , and @entity5438 in normal ovaries and chemosensitive and chemoresistant @entity43 . METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 with normal ovaries and fifty @entity1 with @entity43 who underwent cytoreductive surgery from 1996 through 1998 had specimens stained with immunocytochemistry for @entity30926 , @entity11092 , and @entity5438 . All @entity1 received @entity1311 / @entity902 -based chemotherapy. Twenty-nine @entity1 had a disease-free survival (DFS) of at least 12 months after completion of chemotherapy (sensitive) and 21 @entity1 had persistent disease during treatment (resistant). RESULTS: Evaluation of @entity30926 expression revealed significant differences between the normal ovaries and @entity5 in both the epithelial (57% vs 90%, P = 0.03) and stromal (86% vs 32%, P = 0.001) components. Evaluation of @entity11092 expression revealed significant differences between normal ovaries and @entity5 in the epithelial component (7% vs 66%, P = 0.001) but not in the stromal component (14% vs 4%, P = 0.1). Evaluation of @entity5438 revealed significant reductions in expression in @entity5 compared with normal ovaries for both the epithelial (90% vs 55%, P = 0.02) and stromal (88% vs 5%, P = 0.001) components. Comparison between the chemosensitive and chemoresistant groups revealed no significant differences in expression of @entity30926 and @entity11092 , in either the epithelial or stromal component, but significantly lower levels of @entity5438 were expressed in the epithelial component of the chemoresistant group (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The expression of @entity30926 , @entity11092 , and @entity5438 is significantly different in @entity43 compared with normal ovaries. Low levels of @entity5438 expression are associated with chemoresistance; however, @entity30926 and @entity11092 expression are not prognostic for chemosensitivity.

title: Evaluation of chemoresistance markers in XXXX with @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian carcinomas', 'epithelial ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity11092 :: ('4363', 'Gene') :: ['MRP', 'multidrug resistance protein']

entities_list: @entity30926 :: ('9961', 'Gene') :: ['LRP', 'lung resistance protein']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The literature reports the efficacy of the laparoscopic approach to @entity357 repair. However, its adoption as the preferred surgical approach and the risks associated with @entity357 repair have not been reviewed in a large database. METHOD: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample dataset was queried from 1998 to 2005 for @entity1 who underwent repair of a complicated (the entire stomach moves into the chest cavity) versus uncomplicated (only the upper part of the stomach protrudes into the chest) @entity357 via the laparoscopic, open abdominal, or open thoracic approach. A multivariate analysis was performed controlling for demographics and comorbidities while looking for independent risk factors for mortality. RESULTS: In total, 23,514 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. By surgical approach, 55% of @entity1 underwent open abdominal, 35% laparoscopic, and 10% open thoracic repairs. Length of stay was significantly reduced for all @entity1 after laparoscopic repair (P < .001). Age >= 60 years and nonwhite ethnicity were associated with significantly higher odds of @entity204 . Laparoscopic repair and @entity28 were associated with lower odds of @entity204 in the uncomplicated group. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic repair of @entity357 is associated with a lower mortality in the uncomplicated group. However, older age and Hispanic ethnicity increased the odds of @entity204 .

title: Open versus laparoscopic XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['paraesophageal hiatal hernia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity357 :: (MESH:D006551,Disease) :: ['hiatal hernia']


abstract: To evaluate the relationship between the extent of @entity4346 and ventricular or @entity943 , 77 @entity1 with @entity1121 underwent two-dimensional echocardiography and 24-hour Holter monitoring. Antiarrhythmic treatment was discontinued before the study. @entity1184 was septal in 33 @entity1 , "extensive" (i.e., involving the septum and free wall) in 38 @entity1 , and predominantly apical in six @entity1 . Lown grade I and II @entity943 were detected in 37% of @entity1 , grade III in 21%, and grade IV in 29%. @entity11706 were seen in 52% of @entity1 and chronic @entity955 in 13%. More serious @entity943 (Lown grades III and IV) occurred significantly more frequently in @entity1 with extensive than in those with only @entity1184 (22/38 vs 11/33; p less than 0.001); similarly, chronic @entity955 occurred more commonly in those with extensive @entity1184 (9/38 vs 1/33; p less than 0.01). During a mean follow-up period of 2.6 years, three @entity1 died. All had a pattern of extensive @entity1184 . Two of them had @entity1165 and the third had chronic @entity955 . Results of this study suggest that an echocardiographic finding of extensive @entity1184 represents a useful marker for detecting @entity1 at increased risk for serious ventricular and @entity943 .

title: Severity of @entity943 and extent of XXXX in @entity1121 .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['septal hypertrophy', 'hypertrophy', 'Hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity11706 :: ('MESH:D018880', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial extrasystoles']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias', 'ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophy']


abstract: Balloon brachytherapy is a technique for the removal of a @entity1313 in which an inflatable balloon is placed in a resection cavity and then filled with liquid I, delivering low energy dose to the cancerous cells surrounding the cavity. After preparing a @entity1 room to mitigate any spills or contamination, liquid 125I (Iotrex) was assayed with a dose calibrator and injected into the balloon placed in the @entity1 's brain. Approximately 98.6% of the isotope was recovered at the end of the procedure. Approximately 1.4% remained unrecovered and is assumed to have diffused through the balloon membrane. Each day, the @entity1 's urine was collected and the total urine activity measured was less than 7% of the unrecovered activity. The remainder of the unrecovered activity was not evaluated. It was assumed to be distributed in the @entity1 's body, and a tiny quantity of liquid spilled from an IV line while injecting. Training was conducted for radiation oncologists, neurosurgeons, and participating residents regarding balloon brachytherapy radiation safety precautions. Precautions during treatment included safe handling of body fluids. General radiation safety precautions and nursing care instructions were posted on the @entity1 door. Air monitoring was conducted to detect any airborne @entity1496 . At the time of balloon removal, the radiation safety department monitored the operating room and staff for contamination. Waste, including the balloon, was held for decay on site prior to disposal.

title: Balloon brachytherapy for XXXX -radiation safety experiences at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In @entity0 , @entity5 are observed in 5 to 20% of cases; mammectomy is the conventional treatment. Conservative surgery was used in this series of 36 @entity1 with @entity5 situated less than 2 cm from the areola. @entity1 AND METHODS: Tumorectomy with resection of the areolar plaque was followed by radiotherapy. Six @entity1 had @entity4098 , 64% were in classes T0 or T1 and 36% in T2. Chemotherapy or radiotherapy was given for @entity5 reduction prior to surgery in 8 @entity1 . Wide tumorectomy with resection of the areolar plaque and gland remodeling was performed in all @entity1 . Three plastic surgery techniques were used. Mean @entity5 size was 17.3 mm (8 to 33 mm). The areola was invaded in 16 @entity1 (44%) and the derma or retroareolar ducts in 26 (72%). RESULTS: The mean distance between the @entity5 and skin surface was 3.8 mm. The section surface was in healthy tissue in 31 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 underwent subsequent surgery for mammectomy. All @entity1 had either pre-operative (n = 4) or post-operative (n = 32) radio-therapy. Secondary reconstruction of the nipple was performed in 14 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Histology findings and esthetic results suggested that this conservative approach can be proposed when the @entity5 is located close to the areola, as confirmed by our series and results from other teams using the same technique.

title: [ XXXX with central localization: conservative treatment by tumorectomy with ablation of the areolar plaque].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'retroareolar tumors', 'retroareolar cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4098 :: ('MESH:D010144', 'Disease') :: ["Paget's disease of the nipple"]

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancers']


abstract: The bacterial pathogen @entity5125 causes @entity6766 leading to @entity693 or @entity5852 . Listeria provokes its internalization ('entry') into @entity1 cells that are normally non-phagocytic, such as intestinal epithelial cells and hepatocytes. Entry provides access to a nutrient-rich cytosol and allows translocation across anatomical barriers. Here I discuss the two major internalization pathways used by Listeria. These pathways are initiated by binding of the bacterial surface proteins InlA or InlB to their respective host receptors, @entity5962 or Met. InlA mediates traversal of the intestinal barrier, whereas InlB promotes @entity409 . At the cellular level, both InlA- and InlB-dependent entry require host signalling that promotes cytoskeletal rearrangements and pathogen engulfment. However, many of the specific signalling proteins in the two entry routes differ. InlA-mediated uptake uses components of adherens junctions that are coupled to F-actin and @entity3999 , whereas InlB-dependent entry involves cytosolic adaptors that bridge Met to regulators of F-actin, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase and activators of the @entity11226 /3 complex. Unexpectedly, entry directed by InlB also involves endocytic components. Future work on InlA and InlB will lead to a better understanding of virulence, and may also provide novel insights into the normal biological functions of @entity5962 and Met.

title: Entry of the bacterial pathogen @entity5125 into XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['food-borne illnesses']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['infection of the liver']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the potential of flow cytometry to measure biomarkers of airways @entity32 in the peripheral blood of two cohorts of workers reporting work related @entity1576 , who were exposed to different respiratory hazards. Nine bakers exposed to @entity3505 flour and 10 glass bottle manufacturers exposed to a range of irritant chemicals were selected for study. Phenotypic and inducible cell surface markers were measured by flow cytometry. Results were compared with a control population of 58 volunteers reporting no respiratory problems. The bakers showed a significant increase above control values for cell types associated with @entity32 ; in particular CD3 CD4 cells p 0.005 and CD4 CD25 cells p 0.01 . In contrast, the workers reporting work related @entity1576 who were exposed to a range of irritant chemicals showed a different pattern of cell surface lymphocyte markers, with a significant decrease in the total T cell population p 0.05 . Comparison of results from a subset of smoking controls with the population of bakers who were all heavy smokers confirmed that the increase in CD3 CD4 cells and CD4 CD25 cells could not be ascribed to the effects of smoking alone. We have shown activation of helper T cells in the peripheral blood of bakers reporting work related @entity1576 consistent with the changes observed in mild to severe @entity748 . However, workers with similar symptoms who were exposed to irritant chemicals did not show this pattern of phenotypic or inducible cell surface markers, reflecting an absence of airways @entity32 in these individuals. Our results suggest that flow cytometry may be of use as an objective test for detecting workers with airways @entity32 to allow the identification of workers at risk of developing @entity7446 .

title: Expression of lymphocyte cell surface markers in workers exposed to different respiratory hazards: biomarkers of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms']

entities_list: @entity7446 :: ('MESH:D059366', 'Disease') :: ['occupational asthma']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['occupational respiratory disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Z0011-study, a landmark randomised controlled trial (RCT) challenged the benefits of complete @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) compared with sentinel lymph node dissection only (SLND) in @entity0 @entity1 with positive sentinel nodes. The study, however, has been criticised for lack of power and low applicability. The aim of this review was to systematically assess the evidence on the comparative benefits and harms of @entity1600 versus SLND for sentinel node positive @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and reference lists of pertinent review articles from January 2006 to August 2011. We dually reviewed the literature and rated the risk of bias of each study. For effectiveness, we included RCTs and observational studies of at least 1 year follow-up. In addition, we considered studies conducted in sentinel node-negative @entity1 to assess the risk of harms. If data were sufficient, we conducted random effects meta-analysis of outcomes of interest. RESULTS: Meta-analysis of three studies with 50,120 @entity1 indicated similar 5-year survival and regional recurrence rates between @entity1 treated with @entity1600 or SLND, although @entity5 characteristics varied among the 3 study-populations. Results from 6 studies on more than 11,500 @entity1 reported a higher risk for harms for @entity1600 than SLND. Long-term evidence on pertinent health outcomes is missing. CONCLUSION: The available evidence indicates that for some @entity1 with early invasive @entity0 SLND appears to be a justifiable alternative to @entity1600 . Surgeons need to discuss advantages and disadvantages of both approaches with their @entity1 .

title: Sentinel lymph node dissection only versus complete XXXX in early invasive @entity0 : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['prognostic tumour']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['axillary lymph node dissection', 'ALND']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['axillary lymph node dissection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies of potential medication problems among older adults have focused on English-speaking populations in a single health care setting or a single potential medication problem. No previous studies investigated potential inappropriate medications (PIMs) and @entity910 ( @entity910 ) among older Chinese Americans during care transitions from hospital discharge to home care. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to examine, in older Chinese Americans, the prevalence of both PIMs and @entity910 ; the relationship between PIMs and @entity910 ; and the @entity1 and hospitalization characteristics associated with them during care transitions from hospital discharge to home care. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of older Chinese Americans from a large certified nonprofit home-care agency in New York City from June 2010 to July 2011. PIMs were identified by using 2002 diagnosis-independent Beers criteria. @entity910 were identified by comparing the differences between hospital discharge medication order and home-care admission medication order. Prevalence of PIMs and @entity910 and their relationship was determined. Logistic regression examined the relationship between hospitalization and @entity1 characteristics with PIMs and @entity910 . RESULTS: The sample consisted of 82 older Chinese-American home-care @entity1 . Twenty (24.3%) study @entity1 were prescribed at least one PIM at hospital discharge. Fifty-one (67.1%) study @entity1 experienced at least one @entity601 . A positive correlation was found between the occurrence of PIMs and @entity910 (r = 0.22; P = 0.05). Number of medications was the only significant factor associated with both PIMs and @entity910 . In addition, older age and more hospitalization days were associated with PIMs. CONCLUSIONS: The evident prevalence of PIMs and @entity910 supports the practice of evaluating the appropriateness of medications while reconciling inconsistencies in medication regimens. The number of medications was the only factor associated with both PIMs and @entity910 , underscoring the need to address polypharmacy as a multifaceted threat to @entity1 health.

title: Medication discrepancy and potentially inappropriate medication in older Chinese-American home-care XXXX after hospital discharge.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['medication discrepancies', 'MDs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical outcome of transurethral vaporization of the prostate (TUVP) for the management of @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). METHODS: Between March and June 1995, 30 @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1067 treated by TUVP were enrolled in this study. Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) was done preoperatively. American Urological Association (AUA) symptom score determination, pressure flow study, and questionnaire (for evaluating potency) were done preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The average age was 70.5 years (range 60 to 83) and estimated prostate size by TRUS before surgery was 33.8 +/- 14.0 g. The average AUA symptom score decreased significantly 3 months after TUVP (6.2 +/- 7.8 versus 18.2 +/- 9.0; P < 0.01). The maximum urine flow rate (Qmax) was 11.1 +/- 3.7 mL/min before TUVP (mean +/- SD) and 17.0 +/- 6.5 mL/min 3 months after TUVP, whereas the detrusor pressure at maximum urine flow (Pdes at Qmax) was 61.0 +/- 23.9 and 41.2 +/- 15.2 cm @entity2507 , respectively. Qmax increased and Pdes at Qmax decreased significantly 3 months after TUVP. Of the 30 @entity1 , 3 (10%) developed @entity1494 . Of the 24 @entity1 who were potent sexually before operation, 3 (12.5%) developed @entity323 3 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: TUVP is an effective alternative surgical procedure to relieve obstruction for @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1067 . However, cautious attitude on its usage is advocated based on our preliminary results indicating the occurrence of late complication such as @entity323 and @entity1494 .

title: Clinical outcome at 3 months after transurethral vaporization of prostate for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck contracture']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: @entity398 (OT) and its receptor ( @entity25809 ) are synthesized in the endometrium and myometrium of the pregnant @entity35 during late gestation. Both are regulated by @entity172 and @entity1420 (P4), and tissue concentrations of both increase markedly before parturition. The P4 antagonist @entity3927 will induce parturition in the @entity35 . The purpose of the present studies was to investigate changes in OT and @entity25809 messenger RNA (mRNA) and peptide synthesis within the pregnant @entity35 uterus during @entity3927 -induced parturition. Pregnant @entity35 were given a single injection of @entity3927 (2.5 mg/ @entity35 in oil) on day 15 of pregnancy (normal delivery occurs on day 22). Control animals received injections of oil only. Groups of animals (n = 5 in each group) were euthanized at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after injection and during labor (immediately after delivery of the first pup). Maternal serum @entity53 (E2), P4 and uterine OT, and @entity1421 concentrations were measured by RIA. @entity3774 and @entity172 receptor levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). @entity25809 and P4 receptor (PR) were measured using radioligand-binding assays. OT, @entity25809 , and @entity172 receptor mRNAs were measured with ribonuclease protection assays. The average time to delivery, after @entity3927 injection, was 27.0 +/- 1.2 h. Serum E2 and P4 levels were increased slightly, but significantly, at 24 h after @entity3927 . In controls, OT mRNA increased significantly, and this increase was blocked in the @entity3927 treatment group. @entity25809 mRNA levels increased within 6 h of @entity3927 and remained elevated until delivery. @entity25809 peptide was increased by 12 h. @entity1421 and PGF2alpha were increased 3-fold and 16-fold, respectively, but not until after the increase in @entity25809 had occurred. We conclude that the mechanism of action of @entity3927 is to inhibit the P4 suppression of @entity25809 synthesis, allowing increased expression of @entity25809 , which may directly stimulate myometrial contractions or act indirectly through increased synthesis of PGs.

title: Effects of XXXX on @entity172 , @entity1420 , @entity398 , and their receptors in the @entity35 uterus during late gestation.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandin F2alpha']

answer: @entity3927 :: (MESH:D015735,Chemical) :: ['RU486']