abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of @entity726 and related conditions in @entity1 with @entity989 ( @entity989 ), a condition associated with increased choroidal thickness. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted. Consecutive @entity1 with @entity989 examined from January 1, 2006, through July 31, 2008, were compared with a sex- and age-matched control group from the same referral practice seen during the same period for the frequency of @entity726 and related conditions. The charts of the cases and the control subjects were reviewed for diagnosis of @entity726 . RESULTS: In 287 @entity1 with @entity989 , the mean age was 56.8 years and 207 (72.1%) were @entity1 . In the control group of 235, the mean age was 59.5 years and 168 (71.5%) were @entity1 . @entity726 was found in 10 of 287 @entity1 (3.4%) with @entity989 and in 20 of 235 control subjects (8.5%, P = 0.014, odds ratio = 0.39, 95% confidence interval = 0.16-0.89). The mean intraocular pressures were similar in the two groups. However, the number of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2790 (0.3% versus 3.4%, P = 0.0076) and the number of @entity1 using pressure-lowering eye drops (3.8% versus 13.2%, P <or= 0.0001) were significantly less in the @entity989 group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: @entity726 and related conditions are less frequent in the @entity989 group than in the control group. In @entity1 with @entity989 , increased blood supply to the optic nerve from the choroid may be a contributing factor, but there may be differences in the variances in intraocular pressure that cannot be ruled out.

title: Frequency of @entity726 in XXXX : a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['central serous chorioretinopathy', 'CSC']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['central serous chorioretinopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of @entity21819 in treating intention @entity2045 . DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Inpatient rehabilitation center. @entity1 : Three subjects whose activities of daily living were impaired due to intention @entity2045 related to @entity17903 , @entity64 , and @entity15 ( @entity15 ). INTERVENTION: @entity21819 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Reduction in intention @entity2045 and change in score on the @entity15467 instrument. RESULTS: The @entity1 with @entity17903 had left upper- and lower-extremity intention @entity2045 ; the @entity1 with @entity64 had left upper intention @entity2045 ; and the @entity1 with @entity15 had right upper- and left lower-intention @entity2045 . In the @entity1 with @entity17903 , the @entity15467 score increased from 90 to 103 points over 2 days of @entity21819 . The @entity64 @entity1 's @entity15467 score improved only from 74 to 79 after 4 weeks of @entity21819 . The @entity1 with @entity15 improved from 83 to 101 after 6 days of @entity21819 . All 3 @entity1 had almost full resolution of the intention @entity2045 . All continued on @entity21819 except the @entity1 with @entity64 , who had minimal gains and a low systolic blood pressure. None of the @entity1 experienced significant sedation or @entity551 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity21819 may be a safe and effective option for treating intention @entity2045 that occurs in a variety of neurologic conditions.

title: XXXX for the treatment of intention @entity2045 : a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity21819 :: ('MESH:C023754', 'Chemical') :: ['Tizanidine', 'tizanidine']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity17903 :: ('MESH:D017237', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial encephalomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity21819 :: (MESH:C023754,Chemical) :: ['Tizanidine']


abstract: AIM: To substantially increase awareness, treatment and effective control of the @entity209 ( @entity209 ) and its components. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This is a pilot best practice implementation enhancement programme to reduce the estimated @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk in 628 @entity209 @entity1 with or without @entity6 or @entity65 by improving quality of care. A baseline visit was followed by action to improve adherence to lifestyle advice and drug treatment for @entity65 risk factors by physicians specifically trained to implement guidelines. Finally, after 6 months, a single-page form was completed, showing if @entity1 were at @entity65 risk factor target. If not, there was an analysis of the reason why. RESULTS: The programme was effective in improving utilization of evidence-based treatment in 628 @entity209 @entity1 . There was a substantially greater @entity1 perception of @entity209 , an enhancement in compliance with lifestyle advice and increased prescription of evidence-based medication, leading to a 48% (p < 0.0001) improvement in estimated @entity65 risk. There was a substantial increase in the number of subjects on target for specific @entity65 risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to increase adherence to multiple interventions for all @entity209 components on an outpatient basis, in both primary care and teaching hospital settings. Physician and @entity1 education, distribution of printed guidelines and brochures, and completion of a single-page form motivated both physicians and @entity1 to achieve multiple @entity65 risk factor guideline goals. The absence of a control group is a limitation of this study. Further work is also needed to establish if the improvements observed are sustained on a long-term basis.

title: Standardized arrangement for a guideline-driven treatment of the XXXX : the SAGE-METS study.

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the past decade, there has been a trend toward open reduction and internal fixation of unstable @entity174 . There are now more than thirty different implant designs specific for the fixation of @entity174 . A multicenter prospective study of a case series was conducted to determine the efficacy of the operative management of @entity174 stabilized with 2.4-mm locking plates. METHODS: One hundred and fifty @entity1 were entered into the study over a two-year period. The mean age of these @entity1 was fifty-one years, and the cohort included eighty-eight @entity1 and sixty-two @entity1 . Eighty-six @entity1 sustained a low-energy injury. Seventy-one percent of the @entity174 in the series were intra-articular and were Type C according to the M  ller-AO Comprehensive Classification. The follow-up evaluations, which were conducted at six weeks, six months, one year, and two years, included assessments of @entity158 , motion, grip strength, and standard radiographs. Gartland and Werley scores were recorded at six months and one and two years, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores were recorded at one and two years. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-five @entity1 (83%) had a complete follow-up at six months; 121 (81%), at one year; and 117 (78%), at two years. Significant improvements in motion, grip strength, and @entity1 satisfaction were observed between six months and one year, but further improvements were not seen at the two-year follow-up examination. The mean DASH score changed from a preinjury baseline of 2 points to 8 points at one year and 7 points at two years (p < 0.0001). The mean Gartland and Werley score improved significantly from 4 points at six months to 2 points at two years. Of the 102 @entity7334 examined in the immediate postoperative period, twenty had a step-off of < or =2 mm and seven had a step-off of >2 mm. Of the seventy-one @entity7334 seen at two years, sixty-one had no step-off, five had a step-off of < or =2 mm, and five had a step-off of >2 mm. Twenty-seven percent of the @entity1 showed an increase of at least one grade in radiographic signs of @entity625 at two years. There were twenty-eight complications, twenty of which were considered minor. Tendon @entity32 occurred in nine @entity1 . There were two @entity397 , one of which was due to a prominent dorsal screw tip placed through a volar plate and one of which was due to a prominent volar plate. Loss of reduction occurred in two @entity1 , and @entity1349 occurred in two @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Internal fixation of displaced @entity174 with implants featuring locking screw fixation can result in good-to-excellent outcomes with a limited number of complications.

title: Operative management of XXXX with 2.4-millimeter locking plates. A multicenter prospective case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'distal radial fractures']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['tendon ruptures']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['intra-articular fractures']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['screw loosening']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['distal radial fractures']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: RECIST guidelines constitute the reference for radiological response assessment in most paediatric trials of anticancer agents. However, these criteria have not been validated in @entity1 . We evaluated the outcomes and patterns of progression of @entity1 /adolescents enrolled in phase I trials in two paediatric drug development units. METHODS: @entity1 aged  <=21 assessed with RECIST (v1.0 or v1.1) were eligible. Clinico-radiological data were analysed using Mann-Whitney U and log-rank tests to correlate response categories and @entity5562 ( @entity5562 ) with time-to-event variables and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: Sixty-one @entity1 (71 enrolments) were evaluated; median age: 12.7 years (range, 3.1-20.9). Overall, 7% achieved complete/partial response (n = 5) and 31% disease stabilisation (n = 22). Median (95% CI) @entity1349 (in months) was 29.1 (27.6-30.6) with complete/partial response, 8.9 (2.0-15.8) with stable disease and 2.8 (2.3-3.3) with disease progression (P < 0.001); 32.6% @entity1 with measurable disease presented exclusive progression of existing @entity75 and/or new lesions. The change in @entity5562 at best response showed a linear correlation with duration of response (r = -0.605; P = 0.004) and time on trial (r = -0.61; P = 0.003), but the change in @entity5562 at progression did not correlate with time to progression (r = -0.219; P = 0.206). CONCLUSIONS: Response assessment according to RECIST correlated with @entity1349 in @entity1 /adolescents treated on phase I trials. The reduction in @entity5562 at best response correlated with more prolonged responses. @entity5 size did not constitute an optimal method to assess disease progression in one third of @entity1 with measurable disease. Further refinement of current response assessment guidelines will enable the development of paediatric-specific radiological criteria.

title: Response Assessment in Paediatric Phase I Trials According to RECIST Guidelines: Survival Outcomes, Patterns of Progression and Relevance of Changes in XXXX Measurements.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['non-target lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour']

entities_list: @entity5562 :: ('MESH:D015875', 'Disease') :: ['sum of longest diameters', 'SLD']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumour']


abstract: The relationship of movement between different muscle groups has not been quantified before in the newborn period. @entity306 ( @entity306 ), which often occurs as a result of perinatal @entity519 - @entity63 (H-I), is categorized depending on clinical presentation, brain region involvement and extent of involvement. In order to test different brain region involvement, this study investigates individual and multi-joint involvement in a @entity95 model of @entity306 . Pregnant @entity95 at 70% gestation were subjected to 40-min uterine @entity63 . Newborn @entity95 kits were subjected to a swim test at 5 time points over the first 11 days of life. H-I kits were divided into @entity4372 and non- @entity4372 groups based on muscle tone at birth. The ranges and velocity of angular movement of the forelimb and @entity4218 (wrist, elbow, shoulder, ankle, knee and hip) during supported swimming were determined. Severely impaired ( @entity4372 ) animals have significantly reduced range and angular velocity of joint motion, which do not improve over time. The non- @entity4372 group showed deficits in wrist and hind limb movements that were not evident on prolonged observation. Preventive treatment with an inhibitor of neuronal @entity842 synthase decreased the incidence of severely impaired kits; the non- @entity4372 kits showed a different pattern of swimming. Supported swimming allows quantification of limb and joint motion in the principal plane of movement in the absence of weight bearing and decreases the need for balance control. Identification and quantification of milder deficits allows mechanistic studies in the causation of H-I injury as well as estimation of recovery with therapeutic agents.

title: @entity519 - @entity63 causes persistent movement deficits in a perinatal XXXX model of @entity306 : assessed by a new swim test.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['hind limb joints']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'Cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: PURPOSE: The standard treatment of @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 comprises preoperative @entity1487 -based chemoradiotherapy followed by standardized surgery. However, @entity5 response to multimodal treatment has varied greatly, ranging from complete resistance to complete pathologic regression. The prediction of the response is, therefore, an important clinical need. METHODS AND MATERIALS: To establish in vitro models for studying the molecular basis of this heterogeneous @entity5 response, we exposed 12 @entity14 cell lines to 3  M of @entity1487 and 2 Gy of radiation. The differences in treatment sensitivity were then correlated with the pretherapeutic gene expression profiles of these cell lines. RESULTS: We observed a heterogeneous response, with surviving fractions ranging from 0.28 to 0.81, closely recapitulating clinical reality. Using a linear model analysis, we identified 4,796 features whose expression levels correlated significantly with the sensitivity to chemoradiotherapy (Q <.05), including many genes involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway or cell cycle genes. These data have suggested a potential relevance of the insulin and Wnt signaling pathways for treatment response, and we identified @entity4104 , @entity15893 , @entity26359 , and @entity1722 as potential therapeutic targets. The microarray measurements were independently validated for a subset of these genes using real-time polymerase chain reactions. CONCLUSION: We are the first to report a gene expression signature for the in vitro chemoradiosensitivity of @entity14 cells. We anticipate that this analysis will unveil molecular biomarkers predictive of the response of @entity5 to chemoradiotherapy and enable the identification of genes that could serve as targets to sensitize a priori resistant primary @entity5 .

title: A gene expression signature for chemoradiosensitivity of XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To test the effect of nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) vs radical nephrectomy (RN) on @entity5 -specific mortality (CSM) in @entity1 with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) in a population-based cohort. To date, only few series from tertiary care centers supported the use of NSS for T1bN0M0 (range 4-7 cm) @entity1358 . METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database allowed us to identify 275 NSS (5.3%) and 4866 RN (94.7%) @entity1 treated for T1bN0M0 @entity1358 between 1988 and 2004. Analyses matched for age, year of surgery, @entity5 size, and Fuhrman grade addressed the effect of nephrectomy type (NSS vs RN) on CSM. RESULTS: Five years after surgery, the surviving proportions of NSS and RN @entity1 matched for age, @entity5 size, and year of surgery were respectively 91.4 and 95.3% and 90.1 and 93.8% in the cohort, where additional matching for Fuhrman grade was performed. Neither of the matched analyses resulted in statistically significant CSM difference ( @entity32494 ) between NSS and RN. Similarly, competing-risks regression analyses based on both matching schemes also failed to reveal statistically significant CSM differences ( @entity24797 ). CONCLUSIONS: Our study represents the largest and the only population-based analysis of @entity5 control efficacy of NSS vs RN in T1bN0M0 @entity1358 . It indicates that NSS does provide equivalent @entity5 control relative to RN. In consequence, based on @entity5 control equivalence, NSS should be given equal consideration to RN in @entity1 with T1bN0M0 lesions.

title: Nephron-sparing surgery is equally effective to radical nephrectomy for XXXX : a population-based assessment.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['RCC', 'T1bN0M0 renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['T1BN0M0 renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: The efficacy and safety of oral @entity3159 was assessed in 108 ambulatory mild (91-104 mmHg diastolic pressure) to moderate (104-114 mmHg) essential @entity101 @entity1 . After a 2 week no-drug control period, @entity3159 , 2, 4, 8 or 10 mg per day was given in 2 weeks periods as needed to obtain control of blood pressure. A seating diastolic pressure of < or = 90 mmHg was defined as adequate response. Satisfactory blood pressure response was obtained in 86% of @entity1 , with doses of 4 mg or less in 70%. Treatment results were not related to initial blood pressure level, but @entity28 @entity1 were more resistant to drug effect (p < 0.05). Heart rate and laboratory parameters did not change. Adverse effects, mainly @entity10 , @entity1296 and palpitations, were noticed in 46 @entity1 (43%) and occurred with the lower dose in 78% of them. Adverse effects were slight or moderated and lasted from 1 day to 2 weeks in most @entity1 . Treatment was discontinued in 2 @entity1 , one because of persistent @entity1296 which was promptly relieved after stopping the drug and another due to @entity1163 occurring immediately after a dose increase. We conclude that oral @entity3159 at low doses is an effective and well-tolerated drug which should be considered in the treatment of mild to moderate @entity101 .

title: [The antihypertensive response to XXXX , a selective vascular alpha blocker. A multicenter study].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity3159 :: (MESH:D011224,Chemical) :: ['prazosin']


abstract: @entity177 is a devastating medical, social, and economic problem for @entity1 and their families in India and Pakistan. Reliable data on the true incidence and prevalence of @entity454 ( @entity454 ) in India and Pakistan are lacking because no national registries exist. Among reported cases, chronic @entity631 is the most common cause, accounting for more than one third of @entity1 , while @entity6 nephropathy accounts for approximately 20% of all @entity1 in India. Delayed diagnosis and failure to institute measures to slow the progression of @entity177 have resulted in a predominantly young @entity454 population, with a median age of 44 years. Because of financial constraints, less than one third of all @entity1 referred to a tertiary care center receive any kind of renal replacement therapy. Most hemodialysis @entity1 who stop treatment and die do so because of cost constraints within the first three months, and approximately 5% of @entity1 are started on ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Renal transplantation is the cheapest option, but < 10% of all @entity1 with @entity454 have a transplant. @entity205 , @entity500 , and @entity617 continue to be the backbone of post-transplant immunosuppression, but @entity205 is stopped in a significant proportion of @entity1 at one year post-transplant to cut down costs. Living related donor transplants constitute 70% of all transplants; two thirds of the donors are females, while more than three fourths of all recipients are males. Spouses account for 20% of donors from within families. Almost 30% of transplanted kidneys are donated by living unrelated donors, while cadaver donors account for only 2%. More resources must be mobilized to care for these @entity1 ; early detection of @entity8 must be facilitated, and measures to delay @entity454 must be implemented.

title: XXXX in India and Pakistan: incidence, causes, and management.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'Chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['End-stage renal disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the surgical, oncological and short-term functional outcomes in @entity1 undergoing salvage robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (SRARP) for the treatment of @entity263 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The records of 3,500 @entity1 who underwent RARP from February 2006 to July 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. All peri- and postoperative data were recorded prospectively in our database. A total of 13 @entity1 (0.37%) who had undergone SRARP for the treatment of @entity263 were identified. RESULTS: The primary treatment was external beam radiotherapy in 7 @entity1 (53.8%) and brachytherapy in 6 @entity1 (46.2%). The interval from radiotherapy to biochemical recurrence (BCR) varied from 12 to 108 months (median 48.9). Neurovascular bundle preservation was performed in 3 @entity1 (23.1%). No intraoperative or major complications were encountered. @entity532 were encountered in 4 @entity1 (30.7%). At 12 months, 7 @entity1 were continent (53.8%), 3 exhibited mild @entity322 (23.1%) and 3 (23.1%) were incontinent. Regarding potency, none of the @entity1 were potent at 6 months, but 3 @entity1 (23.1%) were potent at 1 year. Regarding BCR, 3 of the @entity1 (23.1%) never reached a prostate-specific antigen nadir of zero, and during the follow-up period only 3 @entity1 (23.1%) exhibited BCR. No disease-specific mortality was evident during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Although early in its development, it appears that SRARP is technically feasible and offers satisfactory surgical, oncological and short-term functional outcomes.

title: Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy for the treatment of XXXX : surgical, oncological and short-term functional outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Minor complications']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['radiation-resistant prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['radiation-resistant prostate cancer']


abstract: Primary @entity1893 of the extrahepatic bile duct presenting as @entity3883 is extremely rare. A 60-year-old @entity1 was admitted due to suddenly developed @entity1087 . Computerized tomography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed a @entity5 at the proximal common hepatic duct. These clinical and radiologic findings resembled those of @entity6984 . The resection of the common hepatic duct @entity5 , lymph node dissection, and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy were carried out. There was no regional lymph node @entity3 and no @entity41 at the resection margins. Histology and immunohistochemistry of the resected specimen confirmed a diffuse large B-cell @entity706 involving the common hepatic duct. The @entity1 is scheduled to receive adjuvant chemotherapy. In summary, primary @entity1893 of the extrahepatic bile duct, despite its rarity, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of causes for @entity3883 . An accurate histopathologic diagnosis and surgical resection combined with chemotherapy may be the approach to offer a chance for cure.

title: [A case of primary XXXX mimicking @entity6984 ].

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'non-Hodgkins lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6984 :: ('MESH:D018285', 'Disease') :: ['Klatskin tumor']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['biliary malignant lymphoma']


abstract: The lungs from 16 cases of @entity358 obtained at heart-lung transplantation, half of which had @entity120 , were examined by electron microscopy. From these the probable pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial intimal @entity82 in @entity358 was deduced. The earliest detectable change was migration of smooth muscle cells from the media, through the internal elastic lamina into the intima. These cells collected beneath the endothelium and lost many of their myofilaments to become myofibroblasts. They were associated with ground substance but scanty collagen fibrils. As the quantity of interstitial collagen increased, the myofibroblasts reverted to a muscular structure, became elongated, and assumed a regular, circumferential orientation. This later stage coincided with the development of @entity75 . At both early and later stages, the muscular pulmonary arteries were contracted but not markedly so, and muscular evaginations were not seen. On the other hand, the cellular intimal proliferations developed early and were occlusive. This suggests that occlusion of small pulmonary arterial vessels by myofibroblasts may be at least as important as vasoconstriction in the early elevation of the pulmonary vascular resistance in @entity120 .

title: The ultrastructure of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['plexiform lesions']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['primary pulmonary hypertension']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fatigue is one of the most frequent symptoms suffered by @entity1 affected by @entity15 . The patho-physiological basis of @entity15 remains to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate whether a particular pattern of deep and/or cortical grey matter @entity194 is associated with @entity1295 in @entity1 with @entity15 . METHODS: A total of 152 @entity1 with relapsing-remitting @entity15 were evaluated with the Expanded Disability Status Scale, the @entity3777 ( @entity3777 ), the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory. The thalamic and basal ganglia volume and the regional cortical thickness were analysed by means of FreeSurfer. RESULTS: Based on @entity3777 score, @entity1 were divided into fatigued ( @entity3777 >=  4, 71 @entity1 , 46.6%) and non-fatigued ( @entity3777 < 4, 81 @entity1 , 53.4%). A significant @entity194 of striatum, thalamus, superior frontal gyrus and inferior parietal gyrus was observed in fatigued @entity1 compared with non-fatigued @entity1 . The cognitive domain of Modified Fatigue Impact Scale significantly correlated with the volume of the striatum and with the cortical thickness of the posterior parietal cortex and middle frontal gyrus (R = 0.51-0.61), while the physical domain of Modified Fatigue Impact Scale significantly correlated with striatum volume and superior frontal gyrus cortical thickness (R = 0.50-0.54). CONCLUSIONS: The regional analysis of deep and cortical grey matter @entity194 suggests an association between the neurodegenerative process taking place in the striatum-thalamus-frontal cortex pathway and the development of @entity1295 in relapsing-remitting @entity15 . The inclusion of the posterior parietal cortex as one of the best predictors of the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale cognitive domain suggests the major role of the posterior attentional system in determining cognitive @entity1295 in relapsing-remitting @entity15 .

title: Basal ganglia and frontal/parietal cortical XXXX is associated with @entity1295 in relapsing-remitting @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3777 :: ('MESH:D005222', 'Disease') :: ['Fatigue Severity Status Scale', 'FSS']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis-related fatigue', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['atrophy']


abstract: @entity935 , @entity2847 and @entity3826 produce arterial @entity551 in the @entity35 , but so far remains to be established if the phenomenon takes place at the presynaptic or postsynaptic nerve terminal. Present study deal with the locus of action of these substances. @entity35 were anesthetized with @entity4774 i.p. and heparinized, maintaining the spontaneous pulmonary ventilation through a tracheal cannula. EKG and intracarotid mean blood pressure were recorded through a polygraph. @entity935 as well as @entity2847 (3.12 to 25 mu/100 g both) and @entity3826 (0.125 to 4.0 micrograms/100 g) caused a dose-related @entity551 , together with moderate @entity1168 and in @entity3826 treated @entity35 , @entity713 . In 28 animals, chemical sympathectomy was performed with @entity2955 (3 mg/100 g i.p.) and 2 hours later the three substances were injected. Under these conditions, @entity935 raised the blood pressure (p less than 0.001) while @entity3826 lessened the @entity551 effect (p less than 0.02) and @entity2847 caused no changes on this regard. It is suggested that the main effect of @entity935 on blood pressure lies at a prejunctional nerve terminal level whereas @entity2847 acts at the effector organ post junctional level. In @entity3826 effect it might be mainly involved a prejunctional component.

title: [ @entity551 effect of dopaminergic agonists in the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['Bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['Apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Laminar multiple microelectrodes have been developed to sample cortical and hippocampal activity in animals. If these measurements are adequately co-registered with the anatomy of the region, they can yield important information about its function and structure. In vivo laminar electrophysiological recordings from the @entity1 @entity302 hippocampus are rare. However, histological and immunohistochemical analyses are widely used to determine the structural changes associated with @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ). Here we present data obtained by a combined approach: intraoperative recording of laminar field potentials, single and multiple unit activity under anesthesia, accompanied by histology and immunohistochemistry from the same hippocampal region of @entity302 @entity1 undergoing temporal lobectomy for drug-resistant @entity1315 . The stability of the electrophysiology and the accuracy of its co-registration with histology were tested successfully. We have found large field potential spikes associated with bursting single units in @entity1399 . Intracortical and subdural strip recordings from the lateral temporal cortex showed similar field potential activation patterns. A prominent oscillatory activity was present in the dentate gyrus with highly localized field potential gradient and multiple unit activity. This pattern could be used as a landmark defining the position of the electrode in the hippocampus. Our findings indicate that some aspects of the local and network @entity302 in the hippocampal formation are likely preserved under anesthesia. Electrophysiological identification of the functional state of the hippocampus together with its local structural correlates could further enhance our understanding of this disease.

title: In vivo laminar electrophysiology co-registered with histology in the hippocampus of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epileptiform activity']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: A method is described for obtaining and culturing large numbers of lung cells from normal adult male @entity35 . The lungs were perfused in situ to remove blood cells and then perfused via the @entity825 with a trypsin-collagenase solution to initiate tissue digestion. The tissue was further digested in the enzyme solution and approximately 2 X 10(8) viable lung cells were obtained per animal. Primary cultures contained a mixed cell population. Through eight subcultures about 70% of the cell population possessed an epithelial-like morphology, whereas the remaining 30% was fibroblast-like. Three clones of epithelial-like cells were isolated at the fourth subculture. The mass culture lung cells and the epithelial-like clone that was studied retained a normal karyotype and did not grow in soft agar. Both the mass culture cells and the epithelial clone metabolized the lung carcinogen @entity3014 (BP) to water-soluble products. Furthermore, the mass culture lung cells metabolized BP to intermediate(s) which mutated @entity3569 V79 cells from ouabain sensitivity to @entity7832 resistance. These lung cell cultures have potential use in cell transformation, mutation and carcinogen metabolism studies.

title: Culture of adult @entity35 lung cells: XXXX metabolism and mutagenesis.

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

answer: @entity3014 :: (MESH:D001564,Chemical) :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A single family has been described in which @entity28 results from a mutation in the leptin-receptor gene ( @entity13156 ), but the prevalence of such mutations in severe, early-onset @entity28 has not been systematically examined. METHODS: We sequenced @entity13156 in 300 subjects with @entity7298 and severe early-onset @entity28 , including 90 probands from consanguineous families, and investigated the extent to which mutations cosegregated with @entity28 and affected receptor function. We evaluated metabolic, endocrine, and immune function in probands and affected relatives. RESULTS: Of the 300 subjects, 8 (3%) had nonsense or missense @entity13156 mutations--7 were homozygotes, and 1 was a compound heterozygote. All missense mutations resulted in impaired receptor signaling. Affected subjects were characterized by @entity7298 , severe @entity28 , alterations in immune function, and @entity1175 due to @entity6126 . Serum leptin levels were within the range predicted by the elevated fat mass in these subjects. Their clinical features were less severe than those of subjects with @entity942 . CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of pathogenic @entity13156 mutations in a cohort of subjects with severe, early-onset @entity28 was 3%. Circulating levels of leptin were not disproportionately elevated, suggesting that serum leptin cannot be used as a marker for @entity18197 . @entity18197 should be considered in the differential diagnosis in any @entity1 with @entity7298 and severe @entity28 in the absence of @entity245 or @entity4238 .

title: Clinical and molecular genetic spectrum of XXXX of the @entity13156 .

entities_list: @entity4238 :: ('MESH:D057215', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphism']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphagia']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity1175 :: ('MESH:D011628', 'Disease') :: ['delayed puberty']

entities_list: @entity18197 :: ('MESH:D046150', 'Disease') :: ['leptin-receptor deficiency', 'Congenital leptin-receptor deficiency']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadotropic hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['congenital leptin deficiency']

answer: @entity942 :: (MESH:D003677,Disease) :: ['congenital deficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The laparoscopic approach is now recommended by NICE as the preferred technique for repair of bilateral and recurrent @entity169 and an accepted option for unilateral @entity547 . This study was set up to examine whether @entity1 across Scotland had equal access to this method of treatment. METHODS: Information was collected on @entity547 repairs in adults at all acute general @entity9462 hospitals in Scotland between the financial years 1997/8 and 2007/8. Private hospitals were excluded due to lack of data. The data were derived from SMR01 data of inpatient and daycase discharges from non-paediatric general acute @entity9462 hospitals in Scotland as collected by the Information Services Division (ISD) of @entity9462 National Services Scotland. FINDINGS: Of 6821 repairs in 2007/8, only 890 (13.0%) were performed laparoscopically, a small increase from 294 (4.5%) in 1997/8. The highest incidence of @entity547 repair in 2007/8 was in @entity9462 Lothian, where 435 (41.1%) of all repairs were performed using the laparoscopic technique. Excluding @entity9462 Lothian, the number of @entity547 repairs in the rest of Scotland showed a much smaller rise, from 184 (3.3%) to 455 (7.9%). @entity9462 Lothian, (which has 20% of the Scottish population) performed 54.5% of laparoscopic repairs in Scotland between 1997/8 and 2007/8. In the most recent year available, 2007/8, 63.1% of bilateral primary, 53.7% of bilateral recurrent and 26.8% of unilateral recurrent @entity547 operations in Lothian were laparoscopic. This compares to only 9.9%, 7.0% and 7.1%, respectively, for other Scottish hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the fact that @entity547 repair has several proven advantages over open techniques, particularly in bilateral and recurrent @entity547 , activity remains at a low level in Scotland with the exception of @entity9462 Lothian. In Scotland, laparoscopic techniques are not being used as recommended by NICE guidelines and there appears to be a "postcode lottery" in the provision of this method of treatment. Possible reasons are discussed and action plans are suggested.

title: Variation of XXXX repair in Scotland: a postcode lottery?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias', 'laparoscopic hernia']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['laparoscopic hernia']


abstract: Endothelial progenitor cells maintain endothelium integrity by replacing injured endothelial cells. @entity165 -lowering promotes either endothelial progenitor cells mobilization or improves endothelial function. It is unknown whether improving endothelial function with statin is associated with a parallel increased endothelial progenitor cells availability. Thirty-two @entity753 @entity1 were assigned to 4-week @entity8671 (10 mg daily) and 16 @entity753 served as controls. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells, brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilatation, an index of endothelial function, and the lipid profile were measured before and after the 4-week statin therapy. At baseline, we found a correlation between circulating endothelial progenitor cells and flow-mediated vasodilatation (r = .31, P = .029). At the end of the 4-week intervention with @entity8671 there was a 37% reduction in low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (P < .001) and a significant 72% increase in the number of endothelial progenitor cells and flow-mediated vasodilatation (4.7 + 0.7% to 8.8 + 0.4%, P < .001). Endothelial progenitor cells and flow-mediated vasodilatation were unchanged at the end of the study in @entity1 not taking statin. A correlation emerged between endothelial progenitor cells and flow-mediated vasodilatation variations (r = .52, P < .001), this correlation being still significant after controlling for blood @entity165 reduction. In conclusion, short-term @entity8671 therapy contributes in hyperchoelsterolemic @entity1 to improving endothelial function by lowering @entity165 and increasing the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells; the latter effect appears to be partly independent from reduction in plasma @entity165 .

title: Influence of short-term XXXX therapy on endothelial progenitor cells and endothelial function.

entities_list: @entity8671 :: ('MESH:C422923', 'Chemical') :: ['rosuvastatin']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity8671 :: (MESH:C422923,Chemical) :: ['rosuvastatin']


abstract: We have examined the effects of recombinant @entity1 @entity1192 and @entity1356 on expression of the gene for the class II major histocompatibility antigen, HLA-DR, and the class I @entity3998 antigen, HLA-B7, induced by natural or recombinant @entity1 @entity379 in several @entity1 cell types. Recombinant @entity1192 and @entity1356 antagonized the class II @entity3998 -inducing effect of @entity379 in @entity1 monocytes and normal skin fibroblasts, and in @entity511 and @entity816 cell lines. In the presence of @entity1192 or @entity1356 , the induction by @entity379 of HLA-DR mRNA, and the expression of the corresponding antigen on the cell surface, were reduced when analysed by dot-blot hybridization and flow cytometry respectively. Nuclear transcription assays showed that @entity379 augmented expression of the HLA-DR gene and that @entity1192 inhibited this effect. @entity1356 -mediated inhibition was not observed with @entity379 -induced expression of @entity3998 class I mRNA (HLA-B7). Both @entity1192 and @entity1356 induced production of @entity650 mRNA and of @entity1421 in these cell types. However, recombinant @entity650 or @entity1421 did not inhibit @entity379 -induced HLA-DR mRNA expression. @entity619 did not inhibit HLA-DR expression in the cells studied but eliminated the inhibitory effect of @entity1356 on such expression. The observations suggest that @entity3998 gene expression is influenced by the cytokine network in a complex manner which is different for class I and II genes. Glucocorticoids and @entity1421 do not consistently inhibit class II expression.

title: Control of the expression of a class II major histocompatibility gene (HLA-DR) in various @entity1 cell types: down-regulation by @entity1356 but not by XXXX , @entity1421 , or glucocorticoids.

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['IL-6']


abstract: There is an association between @entity28 and @entity712 associated with @entity1002 . Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that is downregulated in @entity28 . Here, we examined the role of adiponectin in cardiac remodeling after @entity583 with loss- and gain-of-function genetic manipulations in an experimental model. @entity583 was created in adiponectin-deficient ( @entity30206 -KO) and @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 by the permanent ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. For some experiments, adenoviral vectors expressing adiponectin or beta-galactosidase were delivered systemically. Cardiac structure and function were assessed by echocardiographic and Millar catheter measurements. Myocardial capillary density was assessed by staining with anti- @entity5231 antibody. Myocyte apoptotic activity was determined by TUNEL-staining. @entity296 was evaluated by Masson's trichrome staining. @entity30206 -KO @entity19 showed exacerbated @entity5988 , myocyte @entity1184 and @entity409 compared with @entity164 @entity19 at 4 weeks after LAD ligation. Impaired LV function in @entity30206 -KO @entity19 was coupled to myocyte @entity1184 , increased apoptotic activity and @entity82 in the remote zone, and reduced capillary density in the @entity1188 . No difference in @entity1188 size was observed between @entity164 and @entity30206 -KO @entity19 . Administration of adenovirus-mediated adiponectin in @entity164 @entity19 resulted in decreased LV dilatation and improved LV function that was associated with increased capillary density in the @entity1188 and decreased myocyte @entity1184 , diminished myocardial apoptosis and @entity82 in the remote zone. These data suggest that adiponectin protects against the development of @entity299 after @entity583 through its abilities to suppress @entity1283 and @entity82 , and protect against myocyte and capillary loss.

title: Adiponectin protects against the development of @entity299 following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular (LV) dilation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis', 'decreased interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['contractile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct border zone', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Comorbidity of @entity5 with @entity2655 has been studied previously. Detailed description of the temporal relationship between @entity5 and @entity2655 is, however, lacking. We conducted a nested case-control study of @entity2655 in Sweden during 1987-2009, including 5481 cases of @entity2655 identified from the Swedish @entity1 Register and 27,405 controls randomly selected from the general Swedish population. Odds ratios (ORs) for association of @entity2655 with previous @entity5 diagnosis and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of @entity5 after diagnosis were calculated to compare @entity2655 @entity1 with @entity2655 -free individuals. Overall, a previous @entity5 diagnosis was not associated with subsequent risk of @entity2655 (OR 1.00; 95% CI 0.91-1.10). No overall association was observed for any specific @entity5 type. An increased risk of @entity2655 was observed during the first year after @entity5 diagnosis (OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.17-1.92). In contrast, a lower risk of @entity5 was observed in @entity2655 @entity1 after diagnosis compared with @entity2655 -free individuals ( @entity12623 0.84; 95% CI 0.69-1.02). The risk reduction was seen primarily two or more years after @entity2655 diagnosis ( @entity12623 0.64; 95% CI 0.45-0.88). Our results provide no evidence for comorbidity of @entity5 and @entity2655 overall. Surveillance biases seem the most likely explanation for the limited associations detected.

title: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and XXXX : a register-based study in Sweden.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: During the past decade, endoscopic management has emerged as the first-line treatment of benign ureteral strictures. We reviewed our experience with the management of benign ureteral strictures to determine the success rate of endoscopic surgery in a contemporary series and assessed the viability of surgical reimplantation in the modern @entity7971 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We identified 75 @entity1 with a diagnosis of ureteral stricture between 2000 and 2005 via electronic medical records search and excluded those with completely obliterated, external compressive, malignant, or ureteroenteric strictures, @entity4145 , and those with follow-up less than 2 months. RESULTS: Thirty-four @entity1 who were treated endoscopically ( @entity384 and/or holmium laser endoureterotomy) were identified. Mean stricture length in each @entity1 was 1.6 +/- 1 cm (range 0.5-4 cm), and the mean number of procedures per @entity1 was 1.7 +/- 0.8. Endoscopic success was achieved in 29 (85%), while 5 (15%) @entity1 experienced endoscopic management failure and ultimately needed ureteral reimplantation. When comparing the endoscopically treated and reimplant groups, there was no significant difference in mean stricture length (1.38 +/- 1.13 vs 2 +/- 1.1 cm, P = 0.14), yet mean number of procedures performed (1.41 +/- 0.85 vs 3.6 +/- 1.5; P = 0.002) reached statistical significance. There were no clinical or radiographic signs of obstruction in 100% of @entity1 who received endoscopic therapy only and 100% of @entity1 who needed open surgical management at a mean follow-up of 25.2 +/- 19.3 and 7.7 +/- 3.2 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic surgery is clearly a successful primary treatment modality in the management of benign ureteral strictures with minimal morbidity. In the modern @entity7971 of endoscopic surgery, however, ureteral reimplantation remains a viable option in treating the small subset of @entity1 with benign ureteral strictures for whom endoscopic management fails.

title: Management of benign ureteral strictures in the endoscopic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity4145 :: ('MESH:C537373', 'Disease') :: ['ureteropelvic junction obstruction']

answer: @entity7971 :: (26284,Gene) :: ['era']


abstract: Psoralea corylifolia L. (Fabaceae) is a widely used medical plant in China. This study was designed to screen and identify bioactive compounds with anticancer activity from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia L. One volatile fraction (fraction I) and three other fractions (fraction II, III, IV) from @entity1042 extraction of P. corylifolia L. were obtained. Bioactivities of these fractions were evaluated by the @entity137 on KB, KBv200, K562, K562/ADM @entity5 cells with @entity98 assay. Major components in the active fraction were identified by HPLC/ @entity15 (n). Fraction IV significantly inhibits the growth of @entity5 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The IC(50) values were 21.6, 24.4, 10.0 and 26.9, respectively. @entity6339 and @entity31925 , isolated from fraction IV, were subject to bioactive assay and presented a dose-dependent anticancer activity in four @entity5 cell lines (KB, KBv200, K562 and K562/ADM). The IC(50) values of @entity6339 were 88.1, 86.6, 24.4 and 62.6, which of @entity31925 were 61.9, 49.4, 49.6 and 72.0, respectively. Apoptosis of @entity5 cell significantly increased after treated with @entity6339 and @entity31925 . Induction of apoptotic activity was confirmed by flow cytometry after staining with @entity4404 /PI. These results suggested @entity6339 and @entity31925 contribute to anticancer effect of P. corylifolia L.

title: Screening Antitumor Compounds XXXX and @entity31925 from Psoralea corylifolia L. Seeds.

entities_list: @entity31925 :: ('MESH:C011659', 'Chemical') :: ['isopsoralen']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity6339 :: ('MESH:D005363', 'Chemical') :: ['psoralen', 'Psoralen']

answer: @entity6339 :: (MESH:D005363,Chemical) :: ['Psoralen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We examined relapse after response to a first episode of @entity161 or @entity914 . METHODS: @entity1 with first-episode @entity161 were assessed on measures of psychopathologic variables, cognition, social functioning, and biological variables and treated according to a standardized algorithm. The sample for the relapse analyses consisted of 104 @entity1 who responded to treatment of their index episode and were at risk for relapse. RESULTS: Five years after initial recovery, the cumulative first relapse rate was 81.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 70.6%-93.2%); the second relapse rate was 78.0% (95% CI, 46.5%-100.0%). By 4 years after recovery from a second relapse, the cumulative third relapse rate was 86.2% (95% CI, 61.5%-100.0%). Discontinuing antipsychotic drug therapy increased the risk of relapse by almost 5 times (hazard ratio for an initial relapse, 4.89 [99% CI, 2.49-9.60]; hazard ratio for a second relapse, 4.57 [99% CI, 1.49-14.02]). Subsequent analyses controlling for antipsychotic drug use showed that @entity1 with poor premorbid adaptation to school and premorbid social withdrawal relapsed earlier. Sex, diagnosis, obstetric complications, duration of @entity716 before treatment, baseline symptoms, neuroendocrine measures, @entity2727 challenge response, neuropsychologic and magnetic resonance imaging measures, time to response of the initial episode, adverse effects during treatment, and presence of residual symptoms after the initial episode were not significantly related to time to relapse. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high rate of relapse within 5 years of recovery from a first episode of @entity161 and @entity914 . This risk is diminished by maintenance antipsychotic drug treatment.

title: Predictors of relapse following response from a first episode of @entity161 or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic illness']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate hydrochloride']

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['schizoaffective disorder']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Treatment-related @entity158 affects almost half of all @entity1 with @entity0 using aromatase inhibitors and is a major reason for terminating treatment. Although acupuncture is becoming an increasingly popular, evidence-based option for treating @entity158 , little is known about the potential influence of psychological factors on acupuncture use. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the association between @entity158 catastrophising and use of acupuncture in @entity0 survivors experiencing @entity4841 . METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of arthralgic @entity0 @entity1 . @entity1 were asked if they had used acupuncture since their @entity5 diagnosis. The Pain Catastrophising Scale (PCS) was used to measure negative coping styles related to the experience of @entity158 . We performed multiple logistic regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between @entity158 catastrophising and acupuncture use, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS: Of the 424 @entity1 , 69 (16%) reported use of acupuncture since their @entity0 . In multivariate analyses, compared to those in the lowest PCS score tertile, @entity1 with the highest PCS scores were more likely to have used acupuncture (p=0.03). In particular, @entity1 with high levels of rumination (p=0.005) and magnification (p=0.008) were more likely to have used acupuncture. Helplessness was not associated with acupuncture use (p=0.23). CONCLUSIONS: High levels of @entity158 catastrophising, and specifically the processes of rumination and magnification, were associated with greater acupuncture use. We believe this could have important implications for understanding which population is more likely to seek acupuncture treatment and how this alternative therapy could be better targeted to these @entity1 .

title: A cross-sectional survey of @entity158 catastrophising and acupuncture use among XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer diagnosis', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['joint pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Utilizing an endaural approach, we described the surgical treatment of 29 cases of sinus tympani retraction @entity3540 in 1996. The purpose of this paper is to provide long-term results in this group of @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A retrospective chart analysis of 29 previously reported @entity1 was undertaken in an effort to identify hearing results and the risk of @entity3540 recurrence following sinus tympani retraction surgery. RESULTS: The follow-up period ranged from 9 to 16 years (mean of 13.2 years). Speech discrimination (SD) and @entity36222 ( @entity36222 ) decline occurred in 23 of 28 @entity1 , but only on the average of 5.6% and 9 dB throughout the speech frequencies, respectively. Speech discrimination and @entity36222 improved in 5 of 28 @entity1 ; one @entity1 was lost to follow-up. One @entity1 developed a recurrent @entity3540 requiring a canal wall-down mastoidectomy. CONCLUSIONS: The endaural approach for sinus tympani @entity3540 provided stable hearing in most of the @entity1 in this series. One @entity3540 recurrence required conversion to a canal wall-down mastoidectomy. This developed in a noncompliant @entity1 , whose pars tensa retraction deepened as a result of failure to have his ventilation tube replaced. Semiannual office visits are recommended in @entity1 who undergo this otologic approach for sinus tympani @entity3540 .

title: Long-term results with operated sinus tympani retraction XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity36222 :: ('MESH:D006314', 'Disease') :: ['CH', 'conductive hearing']

answer: @entity3540 :: (MESH:D002781,Disease) :: ['cholesteatoma']


abstract: Hyperosmotic intravenous infusions of @entity1219 are more potent for inducing drinking and vasopressin (AVP) secretion than equally osmotic solutions of @entity413 or @entity1133 . The fact that all three solutes increased cerebrospinal fluid osmolality and @entity1372 concentration led the investigators to conclude that critical @entity1372 receptors or osmoreceptors for stimulating drinking and AVP secretion were outside the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the circumventricular organs (CVOs). We tested an obvious prediction of this hypothesis: that all three solutes should increase @entity5019 -like immunoreactivity ( @entity5019 -ir) inside the BBB, but that only @entity1219 should increase @entity5019 -ir in the CVOs. We gave intravenous infusions of 3.0 Osm/l @entity1219 , @entity413 , or @entity1133 to @entity35 for 11 or 22 min at 0.14 ml/min and perfused the @entity35 for assay of @entity5019 -ir at 90 min. Controls received isotonic @entity1219 at the same volume. Drinking latency was measured, but water was then removed. Drinking consistently occurred with short latency during hyperosmotic @entity1219 infusions only. @entity5019 -ir in the forebrain CVOs, the subfornical organ, and organum vasculosum laminae terminalis was consistently elevated only by hyperosmotic @entity1219 . However, all three hyperosmotic solutes potently stimulated @entity5019 -ir in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus inside the BBB. Hyperosmotic @entity1219 greatly elevated @entity5019 -ir in the area postrema, but even @entity413 and @entity1133 caused moderate elevations that may be related to volume expansion rather than osmolality. The data provide strong support for the conclusion that the osmoreceptors controlling drinking are located in the CVOs.

title: Differential effects of intravenous hyperosmotic solutes on drinking latency and @entity5019 expression in the circumventricular organs and hypothalamus of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Functional @entity1142 is a common @entity29 for which there is no reliable medical treatment. This study was designed to determine the therapeutic efficacy and safety of the Yun-chang capsule, a Chinese herbal formula, in the treatment of @entity1 with functional @entity1142 . METHODS: In our multi-center, prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation trial, @entity1 with functional @entity1142 received 70 mg of Yun-chang capsule plus 35 mg placebo (group A), 105 mg of Yun-chang capsule (group B), or 105 mg placebo (group C), three times daily for 2 weeks. The primary end-points were the changes in main symptom score and cumulative symptom score 2 weeks after the treatment. The secondary end-points were adverse events. RESULTS: A total of 140 @entity1 were recruited and 132 met the inclusion criteria; 44 @entity1 constituted each of the three treatment groups. Compared with @entity1 in group C, @entity1 in groups A and B had significant improvement in the main symptom score, cumulative symptom score, the change from baseline of the main symptom score, and the change from baseline of the cumulative symptom score at week 1 and week 2. The scores showed slight superiority of group B over group A at week 1 and week 2, although these differences were not statistically significant. There were no differences in adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: The Yun-chang capsule is efficacious and safe for the treatment of @entity1 with functional @entity1142 . Larger and longer-term trials are required to fully assess the benefits and safety of this treatment for functional @entity1142 .

title: Treatment of functional XXXX with the Yun-chang capsule: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['functional bowel disorder']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: The aim of this paper was to investigate the role of porcine basophils in protective immunity. Experimental @entity1707 were infected with 10(3) @entity10130 eggs daily for 21 days. Control @entity1707 were maintained helminth-free. Circulating porcine basophils were isolated from the anticoagulated whole blood of A. suum-infected and noninfected @entity1707 by dextran (4.5%) sedimentation of erythrocytes or by the centrifugation of dextran-isolated leukocytes through discontinuous Percoll gradients. Results showed that 2.2% of the isolated leukocytes, stained with May-Grunwald Giemsa, were basophils. Each basophil from infected @entity1707 contained 1.30 x 10(-2) to 1.20 x 10(-1) pg of @entity112 . Peripheral blood basophils (PBBs) from infected @entity1707 released 49% specific @entity112 when induced with A. suum-derived antigen (L3L4ES), 55% with anti-immunoglobulin G, and 62% with @entity460 ionophore A23l87. During A. suum infection, the number of isolated basophils and @entity112 levels peaked at 14 to 21 days postinfection and then showed a significant decrease. Percent-specific @entity112 released from PBBs by infected @entity1707 was significantly greater than that released by control @entity1707 . The L3L4ES antigen and secretagogues effectively induced specific/nonspecific @entity112 release from PBBs and should facilitate future investigations of porcine basophils.

title: L3L4ES antigen and secretagogues induce XXXX release from porcine peripheral blood basophils after @entity10130 infection.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['histamine']


abstract: Leukemic stem cells (LSCs) play the central role in the relapse and refractory of @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and highlight the critical need for the new therapeutic strategies to directly target the LSC population. However, relatively little is known about the unique molecular mechanisms of drug and natural killer cells (NK)-killing resistance of LSCs because of very small number of LSCs in bone marrow. In this study, we investigated whether @entity1778 cell line contains LSCs. We showed that KG1a @entity1778 cell line contained leukemic stem-like cells, which have been phenotypically restricted within the @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (-) fractions. @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (-) cells could generate @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (+) cells in culture medium and had renewal function. Moreover, @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (-) cells had self-renewal potential. We found that leukemic stem-like cells from KG1a cells were resistant to chemotherapy and NK-mediated @entity137 . @entity9707 D ligands involve in protecting LSCs from NK-mediated attack. Taken together, our studies provide a novel cell model for leukemic stem cells research. Our data also shed light on mechanism of double resistant to chemotherapy and NK cell immunotherapy, which was helpful for developing novel effective strategies for LSCs.

title: Resistance of leukemic stem-like cells in XXXX cell line KG1a to natural killer cell-mediated @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['established leukemia', 'leukemia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['AML']


abstract: Automatic electrocardiogram (ECG) beat classification is essential to timely diagnosis of dangerous heart conditions. Specifically, accurate detection of @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) is imperative to prepare for the possible onset of life-threatening @entity943 . Although many groups have developed highly accurate algorithms for detecting PVC beats, results have generally been limited to relatively small data sets. Additionally, many of the highest classification accuracies (> 90%) have been achieved in experiments where training and testing sets overlapped significantly. Expanding the overall data set greatly reduces overall accuracy due to significant variation in ECG morphology among different @entity1 . As a result, we believe that morphological information must be coupled with timing information, which is more constant among @entity1 , in order to achieve high classification accuracy for larger data sets. With this approach, we combined wavelet-transformed ECG waves with timing information as our feature set for classification. We used select waveforms of 18 files of the MIT/BIH @entity943 database, which provides an annotated collection of normal and arrhythmic beats, for training our neural-network classifier. We then tested the classifier on these 18 training files as well as 22 other files from the database. The accuracy was 95.16% over 93,281 beats from all 40 files, and 96.82% over the 22 files outside the training set in differentiating normal, PVC, and other beats.

title: Robust neural-network-based classification of XXXX using wavelet transform and timing interval features.

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular contractions', 'PVCs']

answer: @entity1540 :: (MESH:D018879,Disease) :: ['premature ventricular contractions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In our previous study about 75% of @entity1 with @entity291 's @entity6132 tolerated baked milk products, which improved their prognosis and quality of life. OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify biomarkers of varying degrees of clinical tolerance among a cohort of @entity1 with @entity291 's @entity6132 . METHODS: One hundred thirty-two subjects were initially classified as baked milk-reactive, baked milk-tolerant, or having "outgrown @entity6132 " based on the results of oral food challenges. The baked milk-tolerant group was then divided into 3 groups based on the amount and degree of heat-denatured milk protein that they could tolerate. Serum was analyzed for allergen-specific IgE and IgG(4) levels, basophil reactivity was assessed in whole blood stimulated with serial 10-fold dilutions of milk protein, and skin prick tests (SPTs) were performed to commercial milk extract. Activated basophils were defined by using flow cytometry as @entity5775 (bright) @entity5776 (+)CD123(+)HLA-DR(dim/-)CD41a(-)lineage(-). Data were analyzed by using the Jonckheere-Terpstra test. RESULTS: Significant differences across the 5 clinical groups were seen for median casein- and milk-specific IgE levels, casein-specific IgG(4) levels, and casein IgE/IgG(4) ratios; milk-specific to nonspecific basophil activation ratio, median basophil reactivity, and spontaneous basophil activation ( @entity5776 expression after stimulation with RPMI); and milk SPT wheal diameters. Casein- and milk-specific IgE level, milk-specific basophil reactivity, and milk SPT wheal diameter are all significantly greater among @entity1 with @entity6132 who react to baked milk than among those who tolerate it. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity1 with @entity6132 are able to tolerate some forms of baked milk in their diets. Different phenotypes of @entity1 with @entity291 's @entity6132 can be distinguished by casein- and milk-specific IgE levels, milk-specific basophil reactivity, and milk SPT mean wheal diameters. Spontaneous basophil activation is greater among @entity1 with more severe clinical milk reactivity.

title: Basophil reactivity, wheal size, and immunoglobulin levels distinguish degrees of XXXX 's milk tolerance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6132 :: ('MESH:D016269', 'Disease') :: ['milk allergy']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cow']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In 2008, we initiated the first @entity8 program, comprising hemodialysis (HD), @entity298 ( @entity298 ), vascular access procedures, and living-donor kidney transplantation. The government of Guyana, US-based philanthropists, US-based physicians, and Guyanese caregivers teamed up to form a public-private partnership. This pilot program was free of cost to the @entity1 . METHODS: From July 2010 to the time of writing, we placed 17 @entity1 with @entity454 on @entity298 , which was used as a bridge to living-donor kidney transplantation. During the same period, we placed 12 primary arteriovenous fistulae. RESULTS: The 17 @entity1 who received a @entity298 catheter had a mean age of 43.6 years and a mean follow-up of 5.3 months. In that group, 2 @entity204 occurred (from @entity881 ) within 2 weeks of catheter placement, and 2 @entity1 were switched to HD because of inadequate clearance. Technical issues were noted in 2 @entity1 , and 3 @entity1 developed @entity298 (treated with intravenous antibiotics). An exit-site abscess in 1 @entity1 was drained under local anesthesia. The @entity298 rate was 0.36 episodes per @entity1 -year. Of the 17 @entity1 who received @entity298 , 4 underwent living-donor kidney transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: In Guyana, @entity298 is a safe and cost-effective option; it may be equally suitable for similar developing countries. In Guyana, @entity298 was used as a bridge to living-donor kidney transplantation. We have been able to sustain this program since 2008 by making incremental gains and nurturing the ongoing public-private partnership.

title: Report of the first XXXX program in Guyana, South America.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Guyanese comprehensive kidney replacement']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multi-organ failure']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD', 'peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage kidney disease']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal dialysis']


abstract: A 22-year old male was admitted to Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital because of the progressing abdominal distension in May 1988. The physical examinations disclosed marked hepato- @entity381 , @entity3329 and cachexic state. In the laboratory examinations, @entity417 , @entity491 with left shift of nuclei and severe inflammatory reactions were found. @entity236 were dry taps, and the biopsy showed myelofibrotic changes. Abdominal computed tomography and ultrasonography revealed a marked @entity382 and a giant @entity381 with subcapsular @entity1410 . Philadelphia chromosome was negative and neutrophilic alkaline phosphatase score was slightly high. A little amount of peritoneal effusions was obtained and yielded @entity794 . A diagnosis of @entity4018 with subcapsular @entity1410 due to spontaneous rupture of spleen and @entity298 of unknown cause was made. Operative indication was considered, but his family did not agree with it. Then conservative therapies for general conditions, those are, administrations of antibiotics and diuretics, and blood transfusions were taken. On the enlarged spleen, total irradiation was done. After the therapies, his spleen got smaller and @entity1410 was going to be absorbed. A rare case of @entity4018 with @entity1410 is reported and the conservative therapies were effective to this case.

title: [ XXXX with marked subcapsular bleeding of the spleen--a case report].

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['splenic hematoma', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['myelofibrosis']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['Bone marrow aspirations']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity4018 :: (MESH:D055728,Disease) :: ['Myelofibrosis']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: To assess objective and subjective outcomes in @entity1 with @entity9590 who had undergone endoscopic microdebrider-assisted inferior turbinoplasty. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 (13 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 ; age range, 15-64 years; mean age, 42.6 years) were included in a prospective study. Each @entity1 had a @entity9590 with @entity1184 of the inferior turbinates, resistant to a 4- to 6-week course of nasal saline irrigations and nasal steroid spray. Then, they underwent endoscopic microdebrider-assisted inferior turbinoplasty with follow-up 6 months after surgery. This technique describes an elevator incorporated into a small microdebrider blade (2.0 mm). It provides a method for achieving the goals of @entity33 , with 0O endoscopic guidance, and minimal risk of complications. Objective outcomes were evaluated by peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF), an easy and highly reproducible measurement. Subjective symptoms were measured by a standard 10-cm visual analog scale, and analyzed before, at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: Preoperative PNIF measurement was 65 L/min, 98 L/min at 1 month, 123 L/min at 3 months and 126 l/min at 6 months. Statistical analysis (Wilcoxon signed rank test) showed significant improvement between preoperative and 1, 3 and 6 months. Subjective nasal obstruction improvement was statistically significant between preoperative and 1, 3 and 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that microdebrider-assisted inferior turbinoplasty is effective for decreasing objective and subjective nasal in @entity1 with @entity9590 who have substantial nasal congestion.

title: [Microdebrider-assisted partial turbinoplasty: technique and results in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['substantial mucosal hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity9590 :: ('MESH:D012221', 'Disease') :: ['perennial allergic rhinitis', 'perennial non-allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['volumetric reduction with mucosal preservation']

answer: @entity9590 :: (MESH:D012221,Disease) :: ['perennial non-allergic rhinitis']


abstract: @entity5 with features consistent with the diagnosis of fetal cellular @entity4618 was seen in an 18-month-old @entity1 . The @entity5 recurred 10 and 22 months after initial resection. The histologic condition of the first recurrence was similar to the original @entity5 except for some increased nuclear irregularities and mitotic activity. No adjunctive therapy was administered initially or after the first recurrence. The second recurrence showed mixed @entity3943 . This case represented a unique model of a highly differentiated striated @entity11090 converting to a moderately differentiated @entity980 , and illustrated differential diagnostic difficulties in distinguishing between fetal cellular @entity4618 and differentiated @entity980 . The @entity1 was compared with eight @entity1 and adolescents with primary @entity242 of the tongue who entered the Intergroup @entity980 Studies (IRS) I, II, and III protocols. The @entity5 of all eight arose at the base of the tongue. There were five embryonal, one alveolar, and one mixed @entity3943 , and one undifferentiated @entity242 . Five @entity980 were poorly differentiated, and two had a moderate degree of myogenesis. These @entity242 of the tongue represent approximately 0.34% of all cases entered in IRS studies.

title: Is fetal cellular @entity4618 an entity or a differentiated XXXX ? A study of @entity1 with @entity4618 of the tongue and @entity242 of the tongue enrolled in the intergroup @entity980 studies I, II, and III.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'myxoid sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'A tumor of the tongue', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4618 :: ('MESH:D012207', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyoma']

entities_list: @entity11090 :: ('MESH:D019042', 'Disease') :: ['muscle tumor']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['Rhabdomyosarcoma', 'rhabdomyosarcoma', 'rhabdomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3943 :: ('MESH:D018232', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal/alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas', 'embryonal/alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity980 :: (MESH:D012208,Disease) :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence, outcome and multidisciplinary management of @entity322 in @entity1 with acquired @entity1545 . DESIGN: Retrospective case notes review. SETTING: Regional neurological rehabilitation unit. SUBJECTS: Two hundred and thirty-eight @entity1 with acquired @entity1545 . MAIN MEASURES: Bladder and bowel subscores of the Barthel Index and Functional Independence Measure; number of multidisciplinary goals addressing bladder and bowel function. RESULTS: Fifty per cent of @entity1 (n=112) had @entity1494 or bowel subscores on admission. Significant improvement was seen at discharge but 36% of @entity1 (n=77) still had some degree of impairment. Over 90% of @entity1 were set multidisciplinary goals addressing self-care (n=213) and mobility (n=205) but only 3.5% (n=8) were set multidisciplinary goals addressing bladder and bowel function. CONCLUSIONS: Incontinence was common in @entity1 with @entity1545 on a neurological rehabilitation unit. Significant improvement was seen following rehabilitation. Bladder and bowel management was not well incorporated into the multidisciplinary management process.

title: Incontinence after XXXX : prevalence, outcome and multidisciplinary management on a neurological rehabilitation unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['impaired bladder']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study has been to investigate the possible antihyperlipidemic effect of Salacia chinensis root extract in triton (400mg/kg b.w.)-induced and atherogenic diet-induced hyperlipidemic @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity8144 (60-80  C), @entity3636 , @entity1068 and aqueous extracts of Salacia chinensis roots were evaluated for antihyperlipidemic activity in triton- and atherogenic diet-induced hyperlipidemic @entity35 . A comparison was also made between the action of Salacia chinensis root extract and a known antihyperlipidemic drug @entity3413 (10 mg/kg body wt.). The results of the study were expressed as mean   S.E. and data was analyzed by using one way analysis of variance test (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett's t-test for multiple comparisons. Values with P < 0.05 were considered as significant. RESULTS: Oral administration of 500 mg/kg body wt. of the @entity3636 extract and alcoholic extract of Salacia chinensis root exhibited a significant reduction (P<0.01) in serum lipid parameters like total @entity165 , @entity1674 , low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipopreotein (VLDL) and increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) in hyperlipidemic @entity35 of both models as compared to hyperlipidemic control statistically. These extracts were found to possess better antihyperlipidemic potential as compared to pet ether and aqueous extract. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that @entity3636 and alcoholic extract of Salacia chinensis roots possessed significant antihyperlipidemic activity and hence it could be a potential herbal medicine as adjuvant with existing therapy for the treatment of @entity407 .

title: Antihyperlipidemic activity of Salacia chinensis root extracts in triton-induced and atherogenic diet-induced hyperlipidemic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity8144 :: ('MESH:C004544', 'Chemical') :: ['Petroleum ether']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: @entity0 is one of the most frequent @entity5 in @entity1 . Axillary lymph node involvement, @entity5 size, receptor status, and level of @entity5 are the most significant prognostic factors in @entity0 , but insufficient to date. More factors are needed for establishing the prognosis and treatment in these @entity1 . The aim of the presented study was evaluation of @entity5962 expression and its prognostic value among 89 specimens of @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: 89 @entity406 -fixed and @entity982 -embedded @entity0 specimens were studied for expression of @entity5962 detected by immunohistochemistry. During 10-year observation overall/ @entity3012 /and disease-free survival/DFS/of @entity1 were assessed. RESULTS: Average of @entity3012 and DFS were shorter among @entity1 without expression of @entity5962 in comparison to survival time of @entity1 with expression of @entity5962 . The lack of @entity5962 expression was present more often among @entity1 with distant @entity3 . No essential changes were noticed in the level of @entity5962 depending on the size of the @entity5 , G, presence of @entity3 into the lymph nodes, ER, PR and @entity1722 , hormonal condition and presence of cancerous tissues in lymphatic vessels and the infiltration of lymph nodes capsules. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5962 may play an important role in the prognosis of @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of prognostic parameters of XXXX status in @entity0 treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'malignancies', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5962 :: (999,Gene) :: ['E-cadherin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of single- versus triple-drug chemoembolization for the treatment of @entity157 , as measured by @entity137 , @entity5 response, @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-center retrospective review was performed on 337 @entity1 who underwent chemoembolization over a 14-year period; 172 @entity1 underwent triple-drug conventional transarterial chemoembolization, and 165 @entity1 underwent single-agent @entity632 chemoembolization. Imaging characteristics and clinical follow-up after conventional transarterial chemoembolization were evaluated to determine @entity1054 . Imaging response was determined per World Health Organization and European Association for the Study of Liver criteria. @entity1349 from time of first chemoembolization was calculated. RESULTS: Median @entity1054 was similar between groups: 7.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.1-9.4) and 6.8 months (95% CI, 4.6-8.6) for triple- and single-drug regimens, respectively (P > .05). For single-agent conventional transarterial chemoembolization, median @entity1349 varied significantly by Barcelona Clinic for @entity96 (BCLC) stage: A, 40.8 months; B, 36.4 months; C, 10.9 months (P < .01). Median @entity1349 for triple-drug therapy also varied significantly by BCLC: A, 28.9 months; B, 18.1 months; C, 9.0 months (P < .01). Single-drug conventional transarterial chemoembolization demonstrated longer median @entity1349 compared with triple-drug therapy (P < .05) for BCLC A/B @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Single-agent chemoembolization with @entity632 and ethiodized oil demonstrates acceptable efficacy as measured by @entity1054 and @entity1349 . Results compare favorably with traditional triple-drug therapy.

title: Single- versus Triple-Drug XXXX : Comparing Outcomes by @entity137 , Imaging Response, and Survival.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Liver Cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: Objectives. This study was designed to determine the frequency of anti-Toxocara antibodies in youngsters aging from 2 to 20 years in northwest Iran. Materials and Methods. 397 samples were taken randomly almost equally from four locations in Urmia, west Azerbaijan, during August 2014 to September 2015. Anti-Toxocara IgG antibody assays were done on sera by using ELISA kit (IBL, Germany). In order to prevent cross-reaction, the samples of the @entity1 who are infected with other parasites in stool exam, especially Ascarididae family, were also excluded. SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results. 12 (3%) of the serum samples were positive for anti-Toxocara IgG. According to the Chi-square analysis, risk factors such as mother's educational level, keeping @entity235 or @entity468 as pets, and history of coughing were related to @entity281 (P < 0.05). There was no relationship between @entity13871 and gender, history of onychophagy, pica, @entity221 , @entity490 , and @entity448 ; however, we found a significant relationship between @entity281 and chronic coughing (P = 0.045). Conclusion. @entity13871 in northwest Iran can be considered as a public health problem. This study may also help to increase the awareness about this infection.

title: Latent and Asymptomatic XXXX among Young Population in Northwest Iran: The Necessity of Informing @entity1 as a Potential Health Risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Toxocara infection']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity13871 :: ('MESH:D014120', 'Disease') :: ['Toxocariasis', 'toxocariasis']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Toxocara Infection']


abstract: Between 25% and 50% of @entity1 in African countries are exposed to @entity6368 at birth and are at risk of developing @entity2954 neonatorum. The problem is aggravated by the emergence of penicillinase-producing strains of @entity6368 (PPNG). Twenty-one @entity1 (9 @entity1 , 12 @entity1 , mean age 13 days) presenting with @entity2954 were identified during a 47-month period. Nineteen @entity1 received a single im injection of 100 mg/kg @entity3524 (maximum dose 1 g) without topical antibiotic therapy. One neonate with concurrent @entity2346 media was treated with @entity3524 for five days and a 17-month old @entity1 received two im injections because of the severity of her symptoms. Eight @entity1 (38%) had received previous antibiotic therapy ( @entity114 im and/or @entity803 eye ointment). Twelve isolates of @entity6368 were found to be PPNG strains. At three to seven day follow-up examination all 21 @entity1 were clinically cured without @entity16 . @entity3524 offers an effective first line treatment for @entity2954 neonatorum in areas where there is a high prevalence of PPNG strains. The advantages of a single-dose treatment over multidose regimens in terms of compliance and cost are discussed.

title: Treatment of @entity2954 with a single intramuscular injection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonococcal conjunctivitis', 'gonococcal ophthalmia']

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae', 'N. gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['residual eye damage']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime', 'Cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity3524 :: (MESH:D002439,Chemical) :: ['cefotaxime']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Oral dryness can contribute to several diseases in the oral cavity. The objective of the present study was to compare the subjective oral dryness, salivary flow rates, the number of oral microbiota, and the dental status between medicated @entity101 @entity1 and control subjects. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Four hundred subjects including 200 ambulatory @entity101 @entity1 who were taking antihypertensive medications and 200 control subjects were included. Each subject's medical history was reviewed. The subject's oral health status, salivary flow rate, and the number of oral microbiota were also evaluated. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of @entity2133 in the medicated @entity101 group was 50% whereas only 25.5% of the control group had @entity2133 (p < 0.05). Using @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ), the mean unstimulated salivary flow rate of the medicated @entity101 group (23.11 +/- 6.08 mm/3 min) was significantly lower than that of the control group (31.30 +/- 3.36 mm/3 min) (p < 0.05). In addition, the mean stimulated salivary flow rate of the medicated @entity101 group (0.73 +/- 0.30 ml/min) was also significantly lower than that of the control group (1.31 +/- 0.34 mi/min) (p < 0.05). The strongest associated factor for @entity2133 was the use of antihypertensive medications (OR = 6.28). The mean levels of mutans streptococci, Lactobacilli spp. and Candida spp. in the medicated @entity101 group were significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, medicated @entity101 @entity1 were more likely to have missing teeth compared to control subjects. CONCLUSION: @entity2133 , hyposalivation, and increasing number of oral microbiota were more prevalent in @entity101 patients taking antihypertensive medications.

title: XXXX , hyposalivation and oral microbiota in patients using antihypertensive medications.

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['dry mouth', 'xerostomia', 'Xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['MST', 'modified Schirmer test']

answer: @entity2133 :: (MESH:D014987,Disease) :: ['Xerostomia']