abstract: BACKGROUND: Identification of individuals in the prodromal phase of @entity162 and @entity161 facilitates early intervention and promises an improved prognosis. There are no current assessment tools for clinical risk symptoms of @entity162 , and @entity716 -risk assessment generally involves semi-structured interviews, which are time consuming and rater dependent. We present psychometric data on two novel quantitative questionnaires: the Washington Early Recognition Center Affectivity and Psychosis (WERCAP) Screen for assessing bipolar and @entity914 risk traits, and the accompanying WERC Stress Screen for assessing individual and total psychosocial stressor severities. METHODS: Prevalence rates of the WERCAP Screen were evaluated among 171 community youth (aged 13-24 years); internal consistency was assessed and k-means cluster analysis was used to identify symptom groups. In 33 @entity1 , test-retest reliability coefficients were assessed, and ROC curve analysis was used to determine the validity of the @entity716 section of the WERCAP Screen (pWERCAP) against the @entity716 ( @entity716 ). Correlations of the pWERCAP, the affectivity section of the WERCAP Screen (aWERCAP) and the WERC Stress Screen were examined to determine the relatedness of scores with cognition and clinical measures. RESULTS: Cluster analysis identified three groups of @entity1 : a normative (47%), a @entity716 -affectivity (18%) and an affectivity only (35%) group. Internal consistency of the aWERCAP and pWERCAP resulted in alphas of 0.87 and 0.92, and test-retest reliabilities resulted in intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.76 and 0.86 respectively. ROC curve analysis showed the optimal cut-point on the pWERCAP as a score of >30 (sensitivity: 0.89; specificity: 1.0). There was a significant negative correlation between aWERCAP scores and total cognition (R=-0.42), and between pWERCAP scores and sensorimotor processing speed. Total stress scores correlated significantly with scores on the aWERCAP (R=0.88), pWERCAP (R=0.62) and total cognition (R=-0.44). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the WERCAP Screen and the WERC Stress Screen are easy to administer and derived scores are related to cognitive and clinical traits. This suggests that their use could have particular benefits for epidemiologic studies and in busy clinical settings. Longitudinal studies would be required to evaluate clinical outcomes with high questionnaire scores.

title: The WERCAP Screen and the WERC Stress Screen: psychometrics of self-rated instruments for assessing bipolar and XXXX risk and perceived stress burden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['Structured Interview of Psychosis-Risk Symptoms', 'psychosis', 'SIPS']

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['psychotic disorder']


abstract: PURPOSE: Case report of a young female @entity1 presenting with bilateral sequential central @entity2994 associated with @entity1701 ( @entity12009 ), which rapidly improved with systemic anticoagulation. CASE REPORT: A complete ophthalmologic examination and hematological evaluation were performed on an 18-year-old female @entity1 presenting with unilateral decreased visual acuity in the left eye, secondary to a central @entity2994 . Three years later, she experienced a central @entity2994 . Hematologic evaluation revealed @entity1701 . The @entity1 was treated with systemic anticoagulation. RESULTS: One month after the diagnosis and treatment of the central @entity2994 in the left eye, the patient discontinued anticoagulant therapy, unfortunately resulting in severe @entity227 . Three years later, upon recurrence in the fellow eye, systemic anticoagulation was reinstituted. Over 12 months follow-up, upon complete ophthalmologic examination, the @entity1 showed normalization of all retinal signs. CONCLUSION: In the case of young @entity1 with bilateral central @entity2994 , hematologic evaluation should be performed so as to detect @entity12009 . Prompt, effective treatment is necessary to prevent further @entity989 . Recurrent @entity715 events may jeopardize anatomic and functional prognosis.

title: [Bilateral sequential central XXXX associated with @entity1701 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion of the right eye', 'retinal vein occlusion', 'retinal vein occlusions']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['primary antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal damage']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: Type XI collagen is an integral, although minor component of cartilage collagen fibrils. We have established that alternative exon usage is a mechanism for increasing structural diversity within the @entity1472 -terminal nontriple helical domain of the pro-alpha 1(XI) collagen gene. cDNA clones spanning the @entity1472 -terminal domain were selected from a @entity35 @entity511 library, and were shown to contain two major sequence differences from the previously reported @entity1 sequence. The first difference was the replacement of sequence encoding an acidic domain of 39 @entity1522 in length by a sequence encoding a 51- @entity535 basic domain with a predicted pI of 11.9. The second difference was the absence of a sequence that would translate into a highly acidic 85- @entity535 sequence downstream from the first variation. These two changes, expressed together, result in the replacement of most of the acidic domain with one that is smaller and basic. These two sequence differences serve to identify subdomains of a variable region, designated V1 and V2, respectively. V1a is defined as the acidic 39- @entity535 sequence element and V1b is defined as the 51- @entity535 basic sequence. Analysis of genomic DNA revealed that both V1a and V1b are encoded by separate adjacent exons in the @entity35 genome and V2 is also encoded in a single exon downstream. Analysis of mRNA from cartilage-derived sources revealed a complex pattern of alpha 1(XI) transcript expression due to differential exon usage. In non-cartilage sources, the pattern is less complex; the most prevalent form is the one containing the two acidic sequences, @entity36496 .

title: Alternative exon splicing within the XXXX -terminal nontriple-helical domain of the @entity35 pro-alpha 1(XI) collagen chain generates multiple forms of the mRNA transcript which exhibit tissue-dependent variation.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity1472 :: (CHEBI:46882,Chemical) :: ['amino']


abstract: A new y-ray-radiation dosimetric system ( @entity31471 - @entity44986 ), comprising a 'total dissolved solids ( @entity31471 )' meter and 0.02  M aqueous @entity1332 ( @entity44986 ) solution, is introduced for medical and biological applications. Gamma-ray radiolysis of aqueous HTMA solutions increases the concentrations (ppm) of @entity31471 , which is measured by the @entity31471 meter. The effects of @entity44986 concentration, absorbed radiation dose, absorbed dose rate, and storage time on the @entity31471 concentration of irradiated @entity44986 solutions were studied. It was found that 0.02  M aqueous @entity44986 solution yields the highest sensitivity to y-ray-radiation according to @entity31471 concentration measurements. The effect of absorbed radiation dose was studied in the range 1.64-435.5  kGy. The @entity31471 concentration increases linearly up to the maximum of the studied absorbed radiation dose range (R(2)  =  0.9965). The overall coefficient of variation (CV %) associated with @entity31471 concentration measurements of 0.02  M @entity44986 solution as a function of absorbed dose was found to be 0.732%. The effect of dose rate on the @entity31471 concentration was studied in the range 0.33-3.31  kGy/h. It was found, also, that the @entity31471 concentration is relatively stable over a storage period of 144  h after irradiation with different doses. The tissue equivalency of 0.02  M aqueous @entity44986 solutions allow it to be used for radiation dose measurement during sterilization in @entity1 tissue banks. Therefore, this system ( @entity31471 - @entity44986 ) could be considered as a promising candidate for y-ray radiation dosimetry in technical, medical and research fields.

title: Factors affecting total dissolved solids concentration of y-ray-irradiated aqueous XXXX solution: A dosimetric study.

entities_list: @entity1332 :: ('MESH:D008709', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethylenetetramine']

answer: @entity1332 :: (MESH:D008709,Chemical) :: ['hexamethylenetetramine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 6575 Introduction: The Bexxar therapeutic regimen can produce durable and complete responses in @entity1 with relapsed/refractory low-grade @entity1893 . Virtually all previous studies of radioimmunotherapeutic agents (including Bexxar therapy) for @entity1893 excluded @entity1 with extensive bone marrow involvement (BMI) with @entity5 (>25% intertrabecular space) due to risk of excess hematologic @entity137 . Therefore, we evaluated Bexxar therapy specifically in this @entity1 population to assess safety and @entity137 in a dose-escalation study. METHODS: Subjects were required to have baseline BMI of >25% and platelet count of 150,000/mm(3). A @entity1 -specific dose of @entity1496 131 Tositumomab was administered to deliver a defined amount of total body radiation. Dose escalation began at a total body dose of 45 cGy (subsequently increased in increments of 10 cGy). Dose limiting @entity137 (DLT) was defined as ANC < 500/mm(3) or platelets <25,000/mm(3) for >17 d; or ANC <750/mm(3) or platelets <50,000/mm(3) for >24 d. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 were enrolled (8 at 45 cGy and 3 at 55 cGy). Estimated BMI was 30% to 65%, with median of approx 40%. Subjects had a median of 3 prior chemotherapies (range: 1-6). One of 6 evaluable @entity1 treated at 45 cGy experienced hematologic DLT. Three @entity1 (estimated BMI 40-60%) received 55 cGy, with 1 having hematologic DLT concurrent with @entity706 progression with extensive BMI. Three of 11 (27%) subjects received hematologic supportive care. @entity1503 were minimal and were similar to previous studies. Two @entity1 responded with durations of 1 and 43.6+ months. CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity1 with >25 % bone marrow involvement with Bexxar therapy was well tolerated at 45 cGy total body dose and can result in @entity706 responses. Further studies with additional @entity1 and at higher doses are required to further characterize the @entity21035 and to establish efficacy. [Table: see text].

title: A dose-escalation study of tositumomab and @entity1496 I 131 tositumomab (Bexxar) in pts with previously treated @entity1893 ( XXXX ) with > 25% bone marrow involvement.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Non-hematologic toxicities']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['NHL']


abstract: Purpose/Introduction: The number of @entity173 is rising, due to increases in life expectancy. In such cases, @entity1 are at risk from post-operative complications and subsequently the average length of hospitalization may be extended. In 2011, we established a @entity922 ( @entity922 ), a specific model of care for @entity1 -care management, to improve the clinical and economic outcomes of proximal femoral @entity174 management in elderly @entity1 . The goal was to evaluate the @entity922 using clinical, process, and financial indicators. METHODS: We included all surgical @entity1 aged 65 and over, admitted to the emergency department with a @entity174 of the proximal femur following a fall. Assessment parameters included three performance indicators: clinical, process, and financial. The clinical indicators were the presence or absence of acute @entity933 on the third post-operative day, diagnosis of @entity55 , and the number of @entity1 fulfilling at least 75% of their nutritional requirements at the end of the hospitalization period. The process indicator was the time interval between arrival at the emergency department and surgery. The financial indicator was based on the number of days spent in hospital. RESULTS: From 2011 to 2013, 669 @entity1 were included in the @entity922 . We observed that the average length of stay in hospital decreased as soon as the @entity922 was implemented and stabilized afterwards. The goal of 90% of @entity1 undergoing surgery within 48   h of arrival in the emergency department was surpassed in 2013 (93.1%). Furthermore, we observed an improvement in the clinical indicators. CONCLUSION: The application of a @entity922 allowed an improvement in the qualitative and quantitative efficiency of proximal femoral @entity174 management in elderly @entity1 , in terms of clinical, process, and financial factors.

title: Efficiency of the lausanne XXXX for proximal femoral fractures.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'clinical pathway']

answer: @entity922 :: (MESH:D013568,Disease) :: ['clinical pathway']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) and @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) is a serious problem with high mortality and morbidity rates. This study was conducted to compare efficacy and safety results of the two types of @entity1211 preventing in @entity1 underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS: Having considered exclusion criteria, 90 @entity1 of 136 ones were registered in the study. Our @entity1 of TKA were split randomly in two groups. Totally, 45 @entity1 received @entity2120 , 40 mg 12 h before surgery and treated by 40 mg daily up to 15 days. The second group (45 @entity1 ) were treated by @entity3926 150 mg 4 h after surgery and 225 mg daily up to 15 days. Efficacy was evaluated by Doppler sonography after 15 days for the presence of @entity1150 and safety was determined by 3 months follow-up for all-cause mortality and any major or minor bleedings. RESULTS: Two groups were similar in baseline characteristics. The efficacy outcome events occurred in 2.2% (2 of 90) of the @entity1 (1 symptomatic @entity1211 in @entity3926 and 1 in the @entity2120 group) without significant statistical difference between groups (P = 0.64). In terms of safety, 3 @entity1 (6.6%) in @entity3926 and 2 @entity1 (4.4%) in @entity2120 group had major @entity548 (P = 0.66) and 8 @entity1 (17.7%) in @entity3926 and 7 @entity1 (15.7%) in @entity2120 group had non-major @entity548 event (P = 0.81). There were no death, @entity1151 , and @entity299 during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Three months follow-up did not show statistical difference in efficacy and safety between @entity3926 and @entity2120 . Future studies with mentioning to later outcomes for checking safety are warranted.

title: XXXX versus @entity2120 in the prevention of @entity1211 after total knee arthroplasty: A randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombophlebitis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emboli']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thromboembolism', 'VTE']

entities_list: @entity2120 :: ('MESH:D017984', 'Chemical') :: ['enoxaparin']

answer: @entity3926 :: (MESH:C554682,Chemical) :: ['Dabigatran']


abstract: Methylphenidate (MPD) is a commonly administered drug to treat @entity1 suffering from @entity71 ( @entity71 ). Alterations in septal driven hippocampal theta rhythm may underlie @entity71 observed in these @entity1 . Amongst others, the septo-hippocampal connections have long been acknowledged to be important in preserving hippocampal function. Thus, we wanted to ascertain if MPD administration, which improves attention in @entity1 , could affect septal areas connecting with hippocampus. We used low and orally administered MPD doses (1.3, 2.7 and 5 mg/Kg) to @entity35 what mimics the dosage range in @entity1 . In our model, we observed no effect when using 1.3 mg/Kg MPD; whereas 2.7 and 5 mg/Kg induced a significant increase in @entity1639 expression specifically in the @entity5381 ( @entity5381 ), an area intimately connected to the hippocampus. We analyzed dopaminergic areas such as nucleus accumbens and striatum, and found that only 5 mg/Kg induced @entity1639 levels increase. In these areas tyrosine hydroxylase correlated well with @entity1639 staining, whereas in the @entity5381 the sparse tyrosine hydroxylase fibers did not overlap with @entity1639 positive neurons. Double immunofluorescence of @entity1639 with neuronal markers in the septal area revealed that co-localization with choline acethyl transferase, @entity15537 , and calbindin with @entity1639 did not change with MPD treatment; whereas, calretinin and @entity1639 double labeled neurons increased after MPD administration. Altogether, these results suggest that low and acute doses of methylphenidate primary target specific populations of caltretinin medial septal neurons.

title: Acute oral administration of low doses of methylphenidate targets calretinin neurons in the XXXX septal area.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder', 'attention deficits']

entities_list: @entity5381 :: ('MESH:D061270', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'medial septum']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment options for @entity674 ( @entity674 ) at the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) are controversial. There have been reports on enucleation for EGJ GISTs in order to avoid gastrectomy. But the number of @entity1 is too small, or the follow-up period is too short to evaluate it. The purpose of this study was to review our experience of 59 @entity1 with EGJ GISTs treated by enucleation by percutaneous endoscopic intragastric surgery (PEIGS) and assess the clinical outcomes. METHODS: PEIGS is performed as described below. Access ports are placed through the abdominal wall and the anterior wall of the stomach. Through the access ports, an endoscope and surgical instruments are inserted into the gastric lumen and @entity5 enucleation and closure of the defect are carried out. In this study, 59 @entity1 with EGJ GISTs treated by PEIGS between 2005 and 2013 were enrolled. Their hospital records were reviewed, and follow-up data for 8  years were collected to analyze the outcomes. RESULTS: En-bloc enucleation was achieved without @entity5 rupture in all. Average operation time was 172.3  min. @entity260 occurred in 3 (one localized @entity298 , one @entity548 , and one @entity281 ). Average @entity5 size was 35.6  mm. Pathological findings confirmed negative margin in all specimens. The maximum follow-up period was 101  months. Multiple liver metastases were detected in two @entity1 (at 12 and 29  months). The survival rate was 100  %. The disease-free rate was 98.3  % at 12  months and 96.6  % at 29  months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: As far as the short- and long-term outcomes of our experience are reviewed, PEIGS seems as curative as other aggressive resection methods such as proximal gastrectomy. @entity5 enucleation by PEIGS, offering a chance to preserve the stomach, can be a preferable option in carefully selected @entity1 with EGJ GISTs, when performed by a skilled surgeon.

title: Long-term outcomes of percutaneous endoscopic intragastric surgery in the treatment of XXXX at the esophagogastric junction.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors', 'GITSs']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: A case of superior @entity50 was reported. A 23-year-old male was admitted to our clinic on August 16, 1978, because of generalized @entity410 seizures. he had complained of severe @entity10 and high fever for about 7 days before admission, and on admission he was in slightly drowsy state. At that time, bilateral choked discs and bilateral abducens pareses were found without any other @entity51 . CT scan on his 1st hospital day revealed only slight compression of the ventricular system without any midline shift. On the 2nd hospital day, he developed @entity1269 , but his level of consciousness did not deteriorate as that of the previous day, demonstrating clear CSF by lumbar puncture. Right CAG on August 21 revealed delayed circulation, poor-filling of the cortical veins, and narrow superior sagittal sinus showing zigzag shaped margin. CT scan on August 22 showed multiple irregular high dense foci mainly in both parietal lobes and the shift to the left of the ventricular system. Besides, on enhanced CT scan, the so-called "empty triangle" sign was revealed with gyral enhancement. Although an increase of the shift of the ventricular system was demonstrated by the follow-up CT scans, he gradually improved and external decompression was necessitated no longer. He was discharged with slight weakness of the left upper limb after superior sagittal sinus showing good-filling on right CAG performed on September 27 and had been identified. As a result, it was confirmed that in case sinus @entity715 is doubted, follow-up study by CT scan would be significant for the choice of treatments as well as for its diagnosis at its each stage.

title: [A case report of superior @entity50 --evaluation of computed tomographic findings in diagnosis and comprehension of this sinus XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['sudden left hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['sagittal sinus thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 8181 Background: The aim of this prospective study was to identify @entity458 and associated specific needs in newly diagnosed oncological pts with @entity14 and in pts previously treated or undergoing treatment with different modalities. METHODS: From July 1998 to June 2003, 150 inpatients with @entity14 at the Division of Medical Oncology, General "Hippocrates" Hospital of Kos, were interviewed by means of self-administered questionnaires for the evaluation of needs (NEQ) and of @entity148 and @entity308 (HADS). Both newly diagnosed pts "new pts" and @entity1 undergoing treatment for a maximum of 6 months "old pts"were evaluated. 92 @entity1 were male and 58 were female. 76 @entity1 were new @entity1 and 74 @entity1 were old. Median age was 56 years. 45% of @entity1 have attended school for at least 6 years. This study assesses the needs of pts with HADS >14 as compared with to those with with HADS <,= 14. RESULTS: The difference in the perception of needs does not seem to depend on the phase of the illness, old versus new, but on the presence of a @entity458 (HADS > 14), that has been detected in 50% of @entity1 (old 48%, new 52%). The emerging needs in distressed versus non-distressed included respect of intimacy (OR=4.77), a greater reassurance by physicians (OR=4.05), not feeling neglected (OR=3.89), having greater control over physical disorders (OR=3.75), being able to talk to a priest (OR=4.73) and to a psychologist (OR=3.52). Needs such as having greater reassurance from relatives (OR=2.42), greater interaction with physicians (OR=2.04), more intelligible information (OR=2.29) and more information on prognosis (OR=1.91) are less clearly expressed. All OR were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Data show that @entity458 remains for as long as 6 months after diagnosis of @entity14 and that these needs are felt mostly by @entity1 with @entity458 . No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Needs and @entity458 in oncological inpatients with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acupuncture is frequently used for smoking cessation. Positive results from uncontrolled studies have not been supported by meta-analysis of controlled trials. One possible reason for this is that the optimal acupuncture technique was not applied or that the technique was not repeated sufficiently often. METHODS: A randomized, sham-controlled trial was performed with 2 parallel treatment arms; the @entity1 and the evaluator were unaware of which treatment was received. Seventy-six adults who wanted to stop smoking received either 100-Hz electroacupuncture with needles inserted into the appropriate point in each ear or a sham control procedure over the mastoid bone. Interventions were given on days 1, 3, and 7 of smoking cessation. @entity1239 withdrawal symptoms were measured by visual analog scale scores recorded in a daily diary for 14 days; smoking cessation was confirmed objectively. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the mean reduction of withdrawal symptom scores of the 2 groups from day 1 to day 14. Fifteen @entity1 (39%) who received electroacupuncture and 16 @entity1 (42%) who received a sham procedure were abstinent on day 14. CONCLUSION: This form of electroacupuncture is no more effective than placebo in reducing @entity1239 withdrawal symptoms.

title: Randomized trial of acupuncture for XXXX withdrawal symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

answer: @entity1239 :: (MESH:D009538,Chemical) :: ['nicotine']


abstract: AIM: The ideal strategy for prehospital intravenous fluid resuscitation in @entity130 remains unclear. Fluid resuscitation may reverse @entity1457 but aggravate @entity548 by raising blood pressure and haemodilution. We examined the effect of prehospital i.v. fluid on the physiologic status and need for blood transfusion in hypotensive @entity130 @entity1 after their arrival in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). METHODS: Retrospective analysis of @entity130 @entity1 (n=941) with field @entity551 presenting to a level 1 @entity130 centre. Regression models were used to investigate associations between prehospital fluid volumes and @entity1457 index and blood transfusion respectively in the @entity341 and mortality at 24h. RESULTS: A 1L increase of prehospital i.v. fluid was associated with a 7% decrease of @entity1457 index in the @entity341 (p<0.001). Volumes of 0.5-1L and 1-2L were associated with reduced likelihood of @entity1457 as compared to volumes of 0-0.5L: OR 0.61 (p=0.03) and OR 0.54 (p=0.02), respectively. Volumes of 1-2L were also associated with an increased likelihood of receiving blood transfusion in @entity341 : OR 3.27 (p<0.001). @entity1 who had received volumes of >2L have a much greater likelihood of receiving blood transfusion in @entity341 : OR 9.92 (p<0.001). Mortality at 24h was not associated with prehospital i.v. fluids. CONCLUSION: In hypotensive @entity130 @entity1 , prehospital i.v. fluids were associated with a reduction of likelihood of @entity1457 upon arrival in @entity341 . However, volumes of >1L were associated with a markedly increased likelihood of receiving blood transfusion in @entity341 . Therefore, decision making regarding prehospital i.v. fluid resuscitation is critical and may need to be tailored to the individual situation. Further research is needed to clarify whether a causal relationship exists between prehospital i.v. fluid volume and blood transfusion. Also, prospective trials on prehospital i.v. fluid resuscitation strategies in specific @entity1 subgroups (e.g. @entity131 and concomitant @entity548 ) are warranted.

title: Prehospital fluid resuscitation in hypotensive XXXX @entity1 : Do we need a tailored approach?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The potential of @entity63313 and @entity63314 to cause @entity5 in @entity1 species was studied in male and female F344/ @entity35 and B6C3F1 @entity19 . These chemicals are on the EPA list of high production chemicals and there is potential for @entity1 exposure (High Production Volume Chemical List (2000) http://oaspub.cpa.gov/opptintr/chemrtk/volchall.htm.). @entity63313 , administered in the feed for up to 2 years, caused clear evidence for @entity5 at multiple sites in @entity35 and @entity19 . Male @entity35 , receiving @entity63313 in the feed ( approximately 0, 25, 50, or 90 mg/kg per day), developed treatment-related @entity2615 , subcutaneous @entity1489 , mammary gland @entity1557 , and @entity96 . By 2 years, @entity2615 , skin, liver, mammary gland and @entity96 also occurred in 'stop-study' male @entity35 that received @entity63313 at 125 or 315 mg/kg per day for only the first 3 months of study. These 'stop-studies' showed that the critical events leading to @entity5 formation occurred after 3 months of dosing, and these events were irreversible and eventually led to @entity5 at multiple sites. @entity63313 given in the feed to female @entity35 (approximately 0, 30, 60, or 100 mg/kg per day) and to male and female @entity19 (approximately 0, 150, 320, or 700 mg/kg per day) also caused a carcinogenic response. In female @entity35 , treatment-related subcutaneous @entity1489 and mammary gland @entity1557 occurred. @entity5426 and @entity189 of the large intestine (cecum) were seen in treated male and female @entity19 . In contrast to @entity63313 , @entity63314 given in the feed over approximately the same exposure levels caused only equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity in male @entity35 (subcutaneous @entity1489 ); some evidence of carcinogenic activity in female @entity35 ( @entity5 ); equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity in male @entity19 ( @entity2 ); and no evidence of carcinogenic activity in female @entity19 . Differences in the @entity63313 and @entity63314 carcinogenic activity may be due to differences in the metabolism of the parent compound to carcinogenic metabolites.

title: Carcinogenic potential of @entity63313 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity63314 :: ('MESH:C017572', 'Chemical') :: ['p-nitrotoluene']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors', 'liver neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'clitoral gland neoplasms', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['Hemangiosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesotheliomas']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadenomas']

entities_list: @entity63313 :: ('MESH:C029955', 'Chemical') :: ['o-Nitrotoluene', 'o-nitrotoluene']

answer: @entity63314 :: (MESH:C017572,Chemical) :: ['p-nitrotoluene']


abstract: The @entity588 ( @entity588 )family of genes is highly involved in the apoptotic mechanisms. We have recently discovered and cloned a novel member of the same family, @entity34487 . The aim of this study was to investigate the modulations in the @entity589 , @entity588 and @entity34487 mRNA levels in @entity356 cells, after their treatment with the anticancer drugs @entity1487 and @entity2600 as well as the antioxidant substance leucovorin. @entity15206 @entity356 cells were examined for their sensitivity to antineoplastic drugs and/or antioxidants using the @entity98 assay. Total RNA was extracted and reverse transcribed into cDNA. A highly sensitive quantitative real-time PCR method for the mRNA quantification was developed using the SYBR Green chemistry. @entity7501 was used as a housekeeping gene. Relative quantification analysis was performed using the comparative threshold cycle method. Treatment of @entity15206 cells with @entity1487 (5 microM), leucovorin (10 microM), a combination of the latter and, eventually, @entity2600 (1 microM) for 3 time periods (24, 48 and 72 h), resulted in significant modulations of the @entity588 , @entity589 and @entity34487 mRNA levels compared with the untreated cells. Our experimental data demonstrate that the molecular profile mainly of @entity588 and @entity34487 genes may serve as a new potential molecular biomarker predicting treatment response in @entity356 cells.

title: Treatment of @entity356 cells with XXXX /leucovorin and @entity2600 induces distinct alterations in the mRNA expression of the apoptosis-related genes, including the novel gene @entity34487 .

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Plaque ruptures and attenuated plaques are considered to be unstable and have been identified in both culprit and nonculprit lesions of @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ). However, there are limited data available on the natural evolution of these plaques and their long-term clinical outcome. We investigated the natural evolution and long-term impact of @entity397 and attenuated plaques in untreated segments of @entity1188 in @entity1 with @entity583 . METHODS: In the Harmonizing Outcomes with Revascularization and Stents in Acute @entity583 trial, 389 @entity1 with 429 lesions underwent intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) at baseline. Follow-up IVUS at 13 months was conducted in 245 @entity1 . Three-year follow-up data were available for all @entity1 . RESULTS: Segments not treated between baseline and follow-up were compared. Baseline IVUS identified 29 @entity397 in 27 @entity1 (7%). Of 11 @entity397 with follow-up IVUS, four healed and seven persisted. Conversely, through follow-up IVUS, nine new @entity397 in nine @entity1 (4%) were identified. @entity536 were identified in 31 of 38 @entity397 (81.5%), of which 24 were in the same circumferential segment as the @entity397 and seven were within 5   mm proximal or distal to the @entity397 . Morphologic changes during follow-up, including new @entity397 and changes in the attenuated plaque frequency and distribution, were not accompanied by either serious lumen compromise or clinical events. CONCLUSION: Serial IVUS analysis demonstrated that the morphology of unstable plaques within untreated segments in @entity583 @entity1 treated with optimal systemic therapies markedly changed during the 13-month follow-up period, without lumen compromise or clinical events at the 3-year follow-up.

title: Morphological changes and clinical impact of unstable plaques within untreated segments of acute @entity583 XXXX during a 3-year follow-up: an analysis from the HORIZONS-AMI trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['Attenuated plaques']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['plaque ruptures', 'ruptured cavity', 'plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related arteries']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Noise has been found to be associated with endocrine changes and @entity65 . Increased @entity701 levels and chronic @entity25 due to noise may increase the risk of @entity28 . OBJECTIVES: We investigated the relationship between road traffic noise and @entity28 markers. Furthermore, we explored the modifying role of noise sensitivity, noise annoyance, and @entity25 . METHODS: We used data from a population-based study, HUBRO (N=15,085), and its follow-up study HELMILO (N=8410) conducted in Oslo, Norway. Measurements were used to define body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and these binary outcomes: BMI>= 30kg/m(2), WC>= 102cm ( @entity1 )/88cm ( @entity1 ), and WHR>= 0.90 ( @entity1 )/0.85 ( @entity1 ). Modelled levels of road traffic noise (Lden) were assigned to each @entity1 's home address. Linear and logistic regression models were used to examine the associations. RESULTS: The results indicated no significant associations between road traffic noise and @entity28 markers in the total populations. However, in highly noise sensitive @entity1 (n=1106) a 10dB increase in noise level was associated with a slope (=beta) of 1.02 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.03) for BMI, 1.01 (CI: 1.00, 1.02) for WC, and an odds ratio (OR) of 1.24 (CI: 1.01, 1.53) for WHR >= 0.85. The associations appeared weaker in highly noise sensitive @entity1 . We found no effect modification of noise annoyance or @entity25 . In a sub-population with bedroom facing a road, the associations increased in @entity1 (e.g. an OR of 1.25 (CI: 0.88, 1.78) for BMI >= 30kg/m(2)), but not in @entity1 . Among long-term residents the associations increased for BMI >= 30kg/m(2) (OR of 1.07 (CI: 0.93, 1.24) in @entity1 and 1.10 (CI: 0.97, 1.26) in @entity1 ), but not for the other outcomes. CONCLUSION: In an adult urban Scandinavian population, road traffic noise was positively associated with @entity28 markers among highly noise sensitive @entity1 . The associations appeared stronger among @entity1 with bedroom facing a street, representing a population with more accurately assigned exposure.

title: Road traffic noise and markers of XXXX - A population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'participant', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep problems', 'sleep disturbances']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Oropharynx is an important site of @entity5 in India. Global comparison indicates higher incidences in India. Radiotherapy remains an important treatment modality. Efforts to improve loco-regional treatment and prolong survival are areas of focus. Radiosensitizers in @entity5 have shown promise. AIM: To study the safety and radiosensitizing efficacy of @entity65864 in @entity957 (stage T2-4, N0-3, M0) as phase-II double blind controlled trial in @entity1 treated with conventional radiotherapy. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Single institutional, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Group 1 (control; n = 23) received normal saline infusion, group 2 (test; n = 23) received @entity65864 biweekly 1.25 g intravenous infusion 15 minutes before radiotherapy. Surrogate end points of efficacy were @entity5 and nodal size; safety parameters were @entity33 , salivary and skin reactions, @entity1282 , @entity391 , @entity2342 and @entity51 . Investigators blinded to the trial evaluated @entity1 , weekly during treatment for six weeks and thereafter monthly for three months. STATISTICAL METHODS: Non-parametric, Friedman's, Chi square, Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS: In the test, 15 (65%) @entity1 had complete response, five (22%) partial/no response, two (9%) died, one (4%) lost to follow up. In the control, five (22%) @entity1 had complete response, 16 (70%) partial/no response, one (4%) died, one (4%) lost to follow up. Short-term loco-regional response was better in the test (DF = 3, 95% Confidence Interval 0.418, 0.452, P = 0.0048). In the test group significant @entity391 and one case of grade 3 @entity51 was observed. CONCLUSION: The study validates the usefulness of @entity65864 for initial loco-regional control in @entity5 .

title: Safety and radiosensitizing efficacy of @entity65864 ( @entity65864 ) in XXXX : randomized controlled double blind clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oropharyngeal cancers', 'cancer', 'hypoxic tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity2342 :: ('MESH:D004408', 'Disease') :: ['dysgeusia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oropharyngeal cancers']


abstract: Actively dividing cells show progressive loss of telomeric DNA during successive rounds of replication due to end-replication problem. Telomere @entity3207 has been proposed as a regulatory mechanism that controls the replicative capacity of primary cells before undergoing cellular senescence. In immortal cells including @entity5 , cellular senescence can be overcome by reactivation of telomerase or by a telomerase-independent mechanism for lengthening telomeres. In this work, we present a novel example of telomere elongation mechanism in a @entity1 @entity420 cell line which was selected for resistance to @entity632 . The resistant cell line (MKN/ADR) had long terminal restriction fragments (TRFs) of up to approximately 50 kb, while its parent cell line (MKN-45) had the TRFs, consisting of a smear extending from approximately 4 to approximately 25 kb. The very large TRFs in MKN/ADR cell line were proven to be telomeric by digestion with the exonuclease Bal31. When telomerase activity was examined using the PCR-based telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay, MKN/ADR cell line showed reduced activity to about 10% of that in @entity1 cell line. The correlation between reduced telomerase activity and mRNA expression of telomerase subunits in MKN/ADR cell line was assessed by the reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis. The level of @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity2215 ) mRNA was lower in MKN/ADR cell line than in @entity1 cell line. This observation correlates with the finding that telomerase activity is reduced about 10-fold in MKN/ADR cell line. Reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis also revealed a close correlation between telomerase-associated protein ( @entity11071 ) mRNA expression and telomerase activity in MKN/ADR cell line. In contrast, expression levels of @entity1 telomerase RNA ( @entity7066 ) were identical in both MKN/ADR and @entity1 cell lines. Taken together, these data suggest that telomeres in MKN/ADR cell line may be regulated through a novel mechanism other than telomerase. Although the basis for telomere elongation mechanism in MKN/ADR cell line is not yet understood, the occurrence of alternative mechanism for telomere elongation in drug-resistant @entity5 cells may have an important implication for use of telomerase inhibitors in @entity1 @entity5 treatment.

title: A novel telomere elongation in an @entity632 -resistant XXXX cell line with decreased telomerase activity.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['stomach adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stomach cancer']


abstract: AIMS: We have looked for medication errors involving the use of low-dose @entity1499 , by extracting information from Danish sources other than traditional pharmacovigilance databases. We used the data to establish the relative frequencies of different types of errors. METHODS: We searched four databases for cases involving low-dose @entity1499 between 1999 and 2011: the Danish @entity1 Safety Databases (DPSD), controlled by the Danish National Agency for @entity1 ' Rights and Complaints, the @entity1 Compensation Association (PCA), the Danish Poison and Information Centre (DPIC), and the online database of the Department for @entity1 Complaints (DPC). We categorized the place where the error occurred, the processes and types of error involved, the @entity1 responsible, and the clinical outcome. RESULTS: We identified 173 errors. In 109 (63  %), either harm resulted or could not be excluded; of these, 26 (15  %) resulted in serious harm, including nine @entity204 (5  %); 53 (31  %) involved incorrect daily administration; and 107 (62  %) involved a dosing error. Sixteen events (9.2  %) concerned insufficient or faulty monitoring, with four serious outcomes and two @entity204 . Prescription errors involving daily rather than weekly administration, by hospital physicians, were most likely to result in serious outcomes, including @entity204 . The error mechanism was evaluated in 129 events. Action-based errors comprised 50 % and knowledge-based errors 34 %. Action-based errors were more likely to result in completed errors, whereas knowledge-based errors more often resulted in near misses. CONCLUSIONS: The medication errors in this survey were most often action-based (50  %) and knowledge-based (34 %), suggesting that greater attention should be paid to education and surveillance of medical personnel who prescribe and monitor @entity1499 , particularly physicians, who accounted for 40  % of the errors.

title: Medication errors detected in non-traditional databases: types of errors in XXXX dosing as listed in four different Danish registers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'Patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: This study was designed to elucidate whether the @entity82 index (FI), which was measured as a ratio of histological fibrotic tissue area to the whole area using an image analyzer, could reflect liver function and long-term prognosis in @entity2876 ( @entity2876 ). Liver biopsies were performed in 46 @entity2876 @entity1 at @entity99 ( @entity99 ) and stoma closure. The chronological difference rate of FI (FIDR) was the monthly FI difference between @entity99 and stoma closure. FI at @entity99 and stoma closure was significantly higher than in the control. FI at @entity99 and at stoma closure significantly correlated with gammaGTP or T.Bil, D.Bil, cholinesterase and total @entity6741 , respectively. FIDR in @entity1087 -free group was significantly lower than in jaundiced group at 5 years after @entity99 . FIDR in V-2 (varices with red-color sign) was significantly higher than in V-0 (no varices) or V-1 (varices without red-color sign). ICG-K value significantly correlated with FIDR. FI at stoma closure or FIDR was significantly lower in living @entity1 than in @entity1 who eventually died or underwent liver transplantation. In conclusion, FI can reflect the degree of @entity1448 in @entity2876 . FIDR would be useful for predicting long-term outcome in @entity2876 .

title: Proposal of XXXX index using image analyzer as a quantitative histological evaluation of liver fibrosis in @entity2876 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['BA', 'biliary atresia']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic portoenterostomy', 'HPE']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to report a series of 16 consecutive @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic treatment of @entity438 . METHODS: Over a period of 8 years, @entity1 were selected for the laparoscopic option by a team of specialists that included the vascular surgeon, the interventional radiologist, and the laparoscopic surgeon. The mean size of the @entity439 was 32 mm and most was located at the splenic hilum. They were twice as common in females as in males. Ultrasonography with color Doppler function was used to define intraoperative strategy. RESULTS: The laparoscopic treatment entailed excision of the @entity439 or its exclusion, usually reserved for distally located lesions. In one @entity1 , laparoscopic resection and robotic @entity254 of the splenic artery was performed to re-establish flow to the spleen. In two @entity1 , the intraoperative decision was added to combine a laparoscopic splenectomy due to insufficient residual arterial flow to the spleen. There was no conversion, or need for re-operation or related mortality. Analysis of intraoperative arterial flow data avoided unnecessary splenectomy following noncritical reduction of flow to the spleen. CONCLUSIONS: The use of intraoperative color Doppler ultrasonography is essential in deciding the appropriate procedure and whether the spleen should be removed or saved. Early control of the splenic artery proximal to the @entity439 can limit the risk of conversion due to @entity954 . Distally located @entity439 are more difficult to manage and entail a higher risk of associated splenectomy. The laparoscopic option offers some advantages over the endovascular treatment in selected @entity1 . A multidisciplinary approach is the key to a successful treatment of this uncommon disease.

title: Laparoscopic treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['splenic artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['splenic artery aneurysms']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the effect of @entity955 on long-term morbidity and mortality. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The Renfrew/Paisley Study surveyed 7052 @entity1 and 8354 @entity1 aged 45-64 years between 1972 and 1976. All hospitalizations and @entity204 occurring during the subsequent 20 years were analyzed by the presence or absence of @entity955 at baseline. Lone @entity955 was defined in the absence of other cardiovascular signs or symptoms. Cox proportional hazards models were used to adjust for age and cardiovascular conditions. RESULTS: After 20 years, 42 (89%) of the 47 @entity1 with @entity955 had a cardiovascular event ( @entity204 or hospitalization), compared with 2276 (27%) of the 8307 @entity1 without this @entity943 . Among @entity1 , 35 (66%) of 53 with @entity955 had an event, compared with 3151 (45%) of 6999 without @entity955 . In @entity1 , @entity955 was an independent predictor of @entity65 (rate ratio [RR] = 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.1-4.2), fatal or nonfatal @entity64 (RR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.0-5.0), and @entity712 (RR = 3.4; 95% CI: 1.9-6.2). The rate ratios among @entity1 were 1.8 (95% CI: 1.3-2.5) for @entity65 , 2.5 (95% CI: 1.3-4.8) for @entity64 , and 3.4 (95% CI: 1.7-6.8) for @entity712 . @entity955 was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in @entity1 (RR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.5-3.2) and @entity1 (RR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2-2.2). However, lone @entity955 (which occurred in 15 subjects) was not associated with a statistically significant increase in either @entity65 (RR = 1.5; 95% CI: 0.6-3.6) or mortality (RR = 1.8; 95% CI: 0.9-3.8). CONCLUSIONS: @entity955 is associated with an increased long-term risk of @entity64 , @entity712 , and all-cause mortality, especially in @entity1 .

title: A population-based study of the long-term risks associated with XXXX : 20-year follow-up of the Renfrew/Paisley study.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of @entity10453 / @entity5023 combination product (SFC) with @entity5023 (FP) plus oral montelukast (M) over 12 weeks in symptomatic @entity565 @entity1 . The study was a multinational, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group design in @entity1 aged > or = 15 years. After a 4-week run-in during which all @entity1 received FP 100 microg twice daily, @entity1 were randomised to inhaled SFC (50/100 microg) twice daily or inhaled FP 100 microg twice daily and oral M 10 mg once daily. @entity1 kept daily records of their peak expiratory flow (PEF) symptom scores and use of rescue medication. Over the 12-week treatment period, the adjusted increase in mean morning PEF was significantly greater in the SFC group (36 l/min) than the FP/M group (19 l/min; P < 0.001). The improvement in FEV1 was also significantly greater in the SFC group (mean treatment difference 0.11 l; P < 0.001). SFC provided significantly better control of daytime and night-time symptoms and there were fewer exacerbations. @entity1 in the SFC group were also significantly more likely to have a rescue-free day. Both treatments were equally well tolerated. Combination therapy with FP plus @entity10453 (SFC) produced significantly greater improvements in lung function and @entity565 control than the addition of montelukastto FP.

title: The @entity10453 / XXXX combination is more effective than @entity5023 plus oral montelukast in @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

answer: @entity5023 :: (MESH:C065382,Chemical) :: ['fluticasone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have pathophysiological implications in @entity65 . The aim of our study was to evaluate the prognostic value of fluorescent AGEs and its soluble receptor (sRAGE) in the context of @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ), both in-hospital phase and follow-up period. METHODS: A prospective clinical study was performed in @entity1 with debut's @entity1187 . The endpoints were the development of @entity299 ( @entity204 , re- @entity1188 and new-onset @entity712 ) during in-hospital phase and follow-up period (366 days, inter-quartile range: 273-519 days). 215 consecutive @entity1187 @entity1 admitted to the coronary care unit (62.7  13.0 years, 24.2% female) were included. 47.4% had a diagnosis of @entity583 . AGEs and sRAGE were analysed by fluorescence spectroscopy and competitive ELISA, respectively. Risk scores (GRACE, TIMI, PURSUIT) were calculated retrospectively using prospective data. The complexity of @entity453 was evaluated by SYNTAX score. RESULTS: The mean fluorescent AGEs and sRAGE levels were 57.7  45.1 AU and 1045.4  850.0 pg/mL, respectively. 19 @entity1 presented @entity299 during in-hospital phase and 29 during the follow-up. In-hospital @entity299 were significantly associated with higher sRAGE levels (p=0.001), but not long-term @entity299 (p=0.365). Regarding fluorescent AGE the opposite happened. After multivariate analysis correcting by gender, left ventricular ejection fraction, @entity413 levels, haemoglobin, GRACE and SYNTAX scores, sRAGE was significantly associated with in-hospital prognosis, whereas fluorescent AGEs was significantly associated with long-term prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that elevated values of sRAGE are associated with worse in-hospital prognosis, whereas high fluorescent AGE levels are associated with more follow-up events.

title: Fluorescent advanced glycation end products and their soluble receptor: the birth of new plasmatic biomarkers for risk stratification of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac deaths']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is the commonest congenital @entity8 . Factors such as @entity101 , @entity293 , @entity811 , and @entity644 may affect the progression to @entity177 in @entity8 @entity1 . Therapeutic interventions, such as the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or diet modification, may impact the natural progression of the disease. We aim in this study to review a registry of @entity8 @entity1 in order to compare the slow and fast progressors and identify possible predictors of progression and interventions that slow the progression of this disease. Sheffield Kidney Institute (SKI), one of the largest kidney institutes in Northern Europe, has registered a large number of @entity8 @entity1 since 1981. SKI's computer network contains a wide range of information on these @entity1 . We selected 94 adult polycystic @entity1 from the SKI for retrospective analysis of factors affecting progression to @entity177 . @entity1 who doubled their s. @entity1011 in < or = 36 months were considered fast progressors (FP), while those who doubled their s. @entity1011 in > 36 months were regarded as slow progressors (SP). There were 70 @entity1 in the FP group and 24 @entity1 in the SP group. A third group of 137 @entity1 consisted of non-progressors (NP) who had stable s. @entity1011 levels during the same period. We found that the incidence of @entity101 , UTI, macroscopic and microscopic @entity811 , and overt @entity644 in the FP group was higher than in the SP and NP groups. Modification of some factors, such as @entity101 and UTI, may decrease the rate of the deterioration of renal function.

title: Retrospective analysis of factors affecting the progression of XXXX in @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease', 'ADPKD', 'cystic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) has been adopted as standard therapy in the treatment of @entity1582 . This treatment is associated with non-selective @entity137 , causing @entity3136 as the major non-hematological side-effect. @entity8503 is a cytoprotector which prevents @entity137 induced by anticancer therapy. We prospectively compared two groups of @entity1 who either received (group A, n = 21) or did not receive (group B, n = 20) @entity8503 (740 mg/m(2)) before @entity2101 (200 mg/m(2)) followed by autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation. The occurrence of severe @entity3136 was significantly decreased in group A in comparison to group B (33% vs 65%, P < 0.05). Six @entity1 in group A required opioid analgesic therapy during a mean period of 4.8 days as compared to eight @entity1 for 6.5 days in group B (P = NS). Delayed @entity391 was less frequent in group A (43% vs 70%, P = 0.07) and significantly less severe in group A (grade 2-4) @entity391 : two @entity1 vs nine @entity1 , P < 0.02). No difference was observed between the two groups in either @entity1503 after @entity2101 or in response rate. Grade I emesis was the only immediate side-effect observed after @entity8503 administration. We conclude that @entity8503 can reduce @entity33 induced by @entity2101 .

title: @entity8503 reduces mucosal damage after high-dose melphalan conditioning and autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation for @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis']

entities_list: @entity8503 :: ('MESH:D004999', 'Chemical') :: ['amifostine', 'Amifostine']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['HDM', 'High-dose melphalan']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Several studies have demonstrated that @entity0 survival rates differ with ethnicity. Most of these studies analyzed discrepancies between African-American and Caucasian-American @entity1 and were performed in the United States. There are increasing concerns about differences in @entity0 survival among immigrants from Asia and Africa living in Europe, including those living in Scandinavian countries. There are few data on @entity0 survival in relation to race or ethnicity in Scandinavian countries, even though immigrants from Asia and Africa have lived in Scandinavian countries for decades. The aim of this study was to identify variations in @entity0 incidence, treatment modalities, relapse, and survival among @entity1 from Pakistan, @entity3595 Lanka, and Somalia compared to ethnic Norwegian @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The incidence, treatment modalities, relapse, and survival of @entity0 were analyzed in @entity1 from Pakistan, @entity3595 Lanka, and Somalia in a nation-based study over a period of 7   years. Results for @entity1 from Pakistan, @entity3595 Lanka, and Somalia were compared with those from a group of ethnic Norwegian @entity1 during the same period. In our study, 63 @entity1 from Pakistan, @entity3595 Lanka, and Somalia were diagnosed with @entity0 during the period 2002-2009 in Norway. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Comparison between @entity1 from Pakistan, @entity3595 Lanka, and Somalia and ethnic @entity1 from Norway revealed significant differences in @entity5 stage at the time of diagnosis, age at diagnosis, type of surgical treatment, and relapse and @entity0 mortality rates. The findings of this study demonstrate that the outcome after a @entity0 is significantly worse for @entity1 from Pakistan, @entity3595 Lanka, and Somalia than for ethnic Norwegian @entity1 . In addition, the mean age at the @entity0 was lower for @entity1 from Pakistan, @entity3595 Lanka, and Somalia, especially those from @entity3595 Lanka and Somalia, than for ethnic Norwegian @entity1 .

title: Ethnicity Differences in XXXX at the Time of Diagnosis in Norway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer diagnosis', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer Stage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The vast majority of the population around the world has always used medicinal plants as first source of health care to fight infectious and non @entity166 . Most of these medicinal plants may have scientific evidence to be considered in general practice. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to investigate the antioxidant capacities and anti-inflammatory activities of @entity1068 extracts of leaves of Cassia alata, Eleusine indica, @entity2732 , Eremomastax speciosa and the stem bark of Polyscias fulva, collected in Cameroon. METHODS: Chemiluminescence was used to analyze the antioxidant activities of plant extracts against @entity273 or @entity224 anion. Comet assays were used to analyze the protection against antioxidant-induced DNA damage induced in white blood cells after treating with @entity273 . Flow cytometry was used to measure y   T cells proliferation and anti-inflammatory activity of y   T cells and of immature dendritic cells (imDC) in the presence of different concentrations of plant extracts. RESULTS: @entity1068 extracts showed strong antioxidant properties against both @entity273 and @entity224 anion. Cassia alata showed the highest antioxidant activity. The effect of plant extracts on y   T cells and imDC was evidenced by the dose dependent reduction in TNF-a production in the presence of Cassia alata, @entity2732 , Eremomastax speciosa Eleusine indica, and Polyscias fulva. y   T cells proliferation was affected to the greatest extent by Polyscias fulva. CONCLUSION: These results clearly show the antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory activities of plant extracts collected in Cameroon. These properties of leaves and stem bark extracts may contribute to the value for these plants in traditional medicine and in general medical practice.

title: Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of extracts from Cassia alata, Eleusine indica, Eremomastax speciosa, XXXX and Polyscias fulva medicinal plants collected in Cameroon.

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity2732 :: ('3649', 'Species') :: ['Carica papaya']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

answer: @entity2732 :: (3649,Species) :: ['Carica papaya']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intramuscular teicoplanin (400  mg every 12  h for three doses, then 400  mg daily, intramuscularly) was prescribed for a 37-year-old @entity1 with presumptive diagnosis of @entity2688 . On the 14th day of treatment, she developed generalized @entity1910 , accompanied by @entity221 , wheezing, shortening of breath, and @entity3329 . Lab tests revealed abnormal liver enzymes, @entity491 , and @entity1712 . The treatment was interrupted with suspicion of @entity137 . Fever subsided after 48  h. @entity272 and respiratory symptoms began to resolve within 2  weeks. The follow-up lab tests performed 1  month later indicated resolution of @entity409 . With respect to delayed onset of symptoms including @entity221 , generalized @entity1910 , @entity3329 , and organ involvement, @entity137 with @entity1712 and systemic symptoms (DRESS) was highly suspected. The causality was evaluated by conventional scoring systems. The reaction was rated as probable (score  =  5) according to RegiSCAR and possible (score  =  5) based on Kardaun et al.'s scoring system. However, DRESS was not confirmed by the Japanese group's criteria for diagnosis of DRESS/drug-induced @entity7586 (DIHS).

title: @entity137 with XXXX and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) with Teicoplanin: A Case Report.

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug reaction']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['maculopapular rash', 'rash']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Skin eruption']

entities_list: @entity7586 :: ('MESH:D063926', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity syndrome']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['Eosinophilia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe self-retaining braces for @entity235 shoulder, elbow, hip, and stifle arthroscopy. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical design and application. SAMPLE POPULATION: Clinical @entity1 admitted for elective arthroscopy. METHODS: Self-retaining braces were designed and constructed from commercially available products, steel tubing, and upholstery. The design efficacy was determined by clinical use. RESULTS: A shoulder/hip retraction device was constructed from a heavy-duty Mayo stand and a steel T frame. An elbow brace and a stifle brace were constructed from a commercially available positioning arm and steel tubing. These devices were used successfully in clinical @entity235 arthroscopy and provided consistent stability for arthroscopic surgery without the need of a surgical assistant. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic self-retaining braces can be constructed from commercially available products and other simple materials to provide reliable @entity1 positioning without the need for a surgical assistant. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Self-retaining braces may provide improved @entity1 stabilization and eliminate the need for a surgical assistant in most cases of @entity235 arthroscopy.

title: Self-retaining braces for XXXX arthroscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: We report the results of intensity-modulated radiotherapy for @entity1 with advanced @entity157 who were not candidate for local ablative therapies, transarterial chemoembolization or hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Between 2003 and 2008, 27 @entity1 were treated with high-dose radiotherapy (median dose, 50.4 Gy). The equivalent sphere size of @entity5 was 11.4    2.6 cm. Nineteen and 8 @entity1 were @entity1 -Pugh class A and B, respectively. Eighteen @entity1 had @entity715 in large veins. Six @entity1 were treated with radiotherapy as the initial treatment modality, and 21 @entity1 received other treatments before radiotherapy. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 44.4% (1 pathologic complete response and 11 partial responses). The primary failure pattern was intrahepatic disease progression. Until the last follow-up, the primary liver masses and vein @entity715 did not progress in 63.6% and 60.0% of the @entity1 , respectively. The median progression-free survival and overall survival after radiotherapy rate were 3 and 5 months, respectively. Based on univariate analyses, response, @entity1 -Pugh classification, and vein @entity715 were significant factors for overall survival, and @entity5 response, @entity5 size, vein @entity715 , and multiplicity were significant factors for progression-free survival. @entity5 response was the only significant prognostic factor for overall survival and progression-free survival based on multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Radiotherapy with intensity-modulated radiotherapy achieved a good response rate in @entity1 with advanced @entity157 , and @entity1 who had a good response lived longer than @entity1 who did not have a good response.

title: High-dose radiotherapy with intensity-modulated radiation therapy for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The appropriateness of vigorous fluid resuscitation to normal blood pressure following @entity548 in uncontrolled @entity548 has recently been questioned due to the possibility of dislodging clots and exacerbating @entity548 . To develop a rational blood pressure target that maximizes the metabolic benefits of resuscitation without causing increased @entity190 , it was first necessary to determine whether there is a reproducible mean arterial pressure (MAP) at which rebleeding occurs. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the rate and time of resuscitation after injury and the rebleeding MAP in an uncontrolled @entity548 model. METHODS: Sixty-two anesthetized @entity1707 were instrumented with catheters and splenectomized, and suction tubes were placed in the lateral peritoneal recesses to continuously capture shed blood. With the abdomen open, an aortotomy was made in the infrarenal aorta. At either 5, 15, or 30 minutes after the end of the initial @entity548 , resuscitation with warmed lactated Ringer's solution was begun at either 100 or 300 mL/min. The rebleeding MAP was determined at the moment blood appeared in the suction tubes. RESULTS: The average pressure at the rebleeding point for all animals was MAP = 64 +/- 2, Systolic = 94 +/- 3, and Diastolic = 45 +/- 2 mm Hg. The pressure at which rebleeding occurred in this aortotomy model was not affected by either time of resuscitation (5-30 min), nor was the rebleeding pressure affected by the rate (100 vs. 300 mL/min) of resuscitation. CONCLUSIONS: There was a reproducible pressure at which rebleeding occurred in this model of uncontrolled @entity548 . The optimal endpoint of resuscitation in @entity1 without definitive @entity548 control would then be below this rebleeding pressure.

title: Blood pressure at which rebleeding occurs after resuscitation in XXXX with aortic injury.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A randomized trial was done to compare single-chamber atrial (AAI) and dual-chamber ( @entity3603 ) pacing in @entity1 with @entity1817 ( @entity1817 ). Primary end points were changes in left atrial (LA) size and left ventricular (LV) size and function as measured by M-mode echocardiography. BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity1817 and normal @entity713 , it is still not clear whether the optimal pacing mode is AAI or @entity3603 pacing. METHODS: A total of 177 consecutive @entity1 (mean age 74 +/- 9 years, 73 @entity1 ) were randomized to treatment with one of three rate-adaptive (R) pacemakers: AAIR (n = 54), DDDR with a short @entity713 (n = 60) (DDDR-s), or DDDR with a fixed long @entity713 (n = 63) (DDDR-l). Before pacemaker implantation and at each follow-up, M-mode echocardiography was done to measure LA and LV diameters. @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) was calculated. Analysis was on an intention-to-treat basis. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 2.9 +/- 1.1 years. In the AAIR group, no significant changes were observed in LA or LV diameters or @entity1002 from baseline to last follow-up. In both DDDR groups, LA diameter increased significantly (p < 0.05), and in the DDDR-s group, @entity1002 decreased significantly (p < 0.01). @entity955 was significantly less common in the AAIR group, 7.4% versus 23.3% in the DDDR-s group versus 17.5% in the DDDR-l group (p = 0.03, log-rank test). Mortality, @entity1031 , and @entity712 did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS: During a mean follow-up of 2.9 +/- 1.1 years, DDDR pacing causes increased LA diameter, and DDDR pacing with a short @entity713 also causes decreased @entity1002 . No changes occur in LA or LV diameters or @entity1002 during AAIR pacing. @entity955 is significantly less common during AAIR pacing.

title: A randomized comparison of atrial and dual-chamber pacing in 177 consecutive @entity1 with XXXX : echocardiographic and clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular conduction', 'atrioventricular delay']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sick sinus syndrome', 'SSS']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVFS', 'Left ventricular fractional shortening']

answer: @entity1817 :: (MESH:D012804,Disease) :: ['sick sinus syndrome']


abstract: Two field trials in the control of subperiodic @entity6565 vectors, mainly Mansonia bonneae and Mansonia dives were carried out in Sarawak, East Malaysia. In the first trial, malathion ultra-low volume (ULV) spray was used to control the Mansonia mosquitos in two filariasis endemic villages. Six spray rounds were applied at biweekly intervals at Kampung Rasau and two spray rounds were applied at monthly intervals in Kampung Triboh. ULV malathion spray reduced biting Ma. bonneae population for 3 days after spraying. The biting density decreased to 50% of the pre-treatment level by the 12th - 13th day and reached the pre-treatment level by the 24th - 25th day. Contact bioassay tests on caged Mansonia mosquitos revealed considerable penetration of the @entity2959 aerosol indoors and relatively adequate coverage outdoors. The estimated number of bites per case per day was 1.09 to 4 times less in the sprayed kampung than in an unsprayed control kampung. The parous and daily survival rates of Mansonia mosquitos were not significantly affected by the spraying. In a second trial, chemotherapy with @entity6566 ( @entity6567 ) was combined with vector control through indoor residual spraying in Kampung Ampungan. The results were compared with the use of only @entity6567 mass treatment in Kampung Sebangkoi and Kampung Sebamban. The combined control measures in Kampung Ampungan reduced the MfD-50 to 44% of the pre-treatment level over a period of 4 years. In the other two kampungs where only mass @entity6567 therapy was applied, the microfilarial rate and MfD-50 declined significantly in the second blood survey but increased gradually in two subsequent follow-up blood surveys. The total insecticidal impact for Ma. bonneae was 3.9 to 1 indoors and 2.7 to 1 outdoors. These results indicated that quarterly @entity21095 indoor spraying used in integrated control could reduce indoor transmission by 3.9 times. The infective rate from the Ma. bonneae dissected in all three kampungs after the interventions, irrespective of @entity6567 treatment alone or in combination with @entity21095 residual spraying were reduced by two fold. However the infection rate of brugian filarial larvae in Kampung Ampungan was significantly reduced after the use of @entity6567 and insecticide. Annual Transmission Potential (ATP) showed a high significant reduction in Kampung Ampungan (p > 0.001) compared with Kampungs Sebangkoi and Schambam. In Ampungan, the @entity855 was reduced by 8.5 times indoors after the @entity1865 and insecticidal application and 3 times outdoors. The reduction rate for Sebangkoi and Sebamban both indoors and outdoors were less than 2 fold.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Control of Mansonia mosquitos, vectors of XXXX in Sarawak, Malaysia.

entities_list: @entity6565 :: ('MESH:D005368', 'Disease') :: ['brugian filariasis']

entities_list: @entity6566 :: ('MESH:D004049', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylcarbamazine citrate']

entities_list: @entity21095 :: ('MESH:C014153', 'Chemical') :: ['pirimiphos-methyl']

entities_list: @entity2959 :: ('MESH:D008294', 'Chemical') :: ['malathion']

answer: @entity6565 :: (MESH:D005368,Disease) :: ['brugian filariasis']


abstract: In @entity1 , @entity943 have an etiology, evolution and treatment strategy that often differs from that of adults. @entity1540 are very common, but rarely need to be treated. Macroreentrant @entity4710 is the @entity943 that usually requires a treatment intervention. @entity859 for @entity591 interruption and 1C anti-arrhythmic drugs for prevention of recurrences are the first-line treatment. Automatic @entity4710 are infrequent but are typical of the pediatric age; treatment should be targeted at rate control in addition to @entity591 interruption. Beta-blockers and @entity460 antagonists are the most useful drugs for @entity591 control. @entity1165 is a very uncommon @entity943 in @entity1 usually related to @entity13192 ; in this setting beta-blockers are often the first-choice treatment, but in many selected @entity1 implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator is required. Other types of @entity1165 include @entity714 and @entity591 that are usually well controlled by medical and/or ablation therapy. Ablation procedures are very effective in curing many @entity591 also in the pediatric age; the main indication for ablation is the need for continuing medical therapy after the age of 10-12 years. @entity943 are very rare and usually require pacemaker implantation.

title: [Treatment of XXXX in @entity1 without heart disease].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular tachycardia', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['fascicular']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'infundibular tachycardias', 'tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['Ectopic beats']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity13192 :: ('MESH:D053447', 'Disease') :: ['channelopathies']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia', 'supraventricular tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia', 'Hypokinetic arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Metastatic and recurrent @entity5 is rarely a curable disease. Systemic chemotherapy is typically recommended for treatment based on clinical trials in the first-line or second-line setting. Rare @entity1 who progress through 2 salvage regimens will have the performance status, medical ability, and desire to continue cytotoxic therapy. For these @entity1 , there are no data to provide effective counseling regarding expected response rates (RRs) and @entity137 . We sought to review our experience with this @entity1 population. METHODS: A single institution review was performed of all @entity1 treated for @entity5 between January 1, 2000 and June 30, 2013. Eligible @entity1 were those who received at least 3 unique salvage chemotherapy regimens following primary surgery or radiation. RRs, survival statistics and @entity137 were evaluated. RESULTS: Twenty-three of 710 (3.2%) @entity1 treated for @entity5 met eligibility criteria. Nineteen received 2 or more cycles of a third-line regimen and were assessed for response and progression-free survival. The remainder were included in analysis of overall survival and @entity137 . The RR to third-line chemotherapy was 10% (1 complete, 1 partial). An additional 27% achieved stable disease. In total, 57% suffered a grade 3 or 4 @entity137 . The progression-free survival from the beginning of third-line therapy was 3.8 months, and the overall survival was 7.4 months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 eligible to receive third-line chemotherapy for metastatic and recurrent @entity5 can expect minimal benefit at the cost of significant @entity137 . Quality of life considerations should be of paramount importance when counseling regarding the risks and benefits of further cytotoxic therapy.

title: Third-line Salvage Chemotherapy for Recurrent Carcinoma of the Cervix is Associated With Minimal Response Rate and High XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: Data from animals and from @entity1 suggest that @entity460 antagonists interfere with alpha-adrenergic receptors and that this mechanism may be responsible for some of the vasodilation induced by these drugs. However, alpha-adrenergic receptors play a primary role in baroreceptor regulation of the cardiovascular system and blood pressure homeostasis, which might therefore be adversely affected by @entity460 antagonist treatment. We addressed this question in 14 essential @entity101 studied before treatment, 1 h after 20 mg oral @entity9805 and 5-7 days after daily administration of 20 mg oral @entity9805 . Blood pressure was measured by an intra-arterial catheter, heart rate by an electrocardiogram, cardiac output by thermodilution and forearm blood flow by @entity432 plethysmography. Total peripheral and forearm vascular resistances were calculated by dividing mean blood pressure by blood flow values. Plasma @entity1063 was also measured (high performance liquid chromatography) in blood taken from the right atrium. Compared with the pretreatment values, acute @entity9805 administration caused a fall in resting blood pressure, an increase in the resting heart rate and cardiac output, and a fall in resting peripheral and forearm vascular resistance. The resting @entity551 and vasodilation were also evident during the prolonged @entity9805 administration, which was, however, accompanied by much less resting cardiac stimulation than that observed in the acute condition. Baroreceptor control of the heart rate (vasoactive drug method) was similar before and after acute and prolonged @entity9805 treatment. This was also the case for carotid baroreceptor control of blood pressure (neck chamber technique) and for control of forearm vascular resistance as exerted by receptors in the cardiopulmonary region (lower-body negative-pressure and passive leg-raising techniques).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity460 antagonists and neural control of circulation in essential XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives']

entities_list: @entity9805 :: ('MESH:D009568', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrendipine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Immune function after @entity548 (shock) and subsequent sepsis is proofed to be sex- and age-related, showing an enhanced immune function and better survival of young females and a deteriorating immune response in advanced age. However, it remains unclear if the observed sex- and age-related effects observed on the immune function mirror the histomorphological changes of the affected organs. To scrutinize a possible association, male and female CBA/J @entity19 (young, 2-3 months; aged 18-19 months) were subjected to shock (35 + 5 mmHg for 90 min and fluid resuscitation) or sham operation. At 48 h after shock, histological specimen at definite sites were harvested (lung, small bowel, liver, and kidney) and immediately stored in 10% @entity406 . After paraffin embedding, @entity1710 -eosin stain and immunohistochemical stains ( @entity6580 [ @entity6580 ], cluster of differentiation 44 [CD44], @entity10433 [ @entity10433 ]) were performed. In both sexes, aged animals developed significantly increased (P < 0.05) @entity3145 in all analyzed organs compared with young @entity19 . Sex differences were noticed in the lungs of young @entity19 , showing a significantly (P < 0.05) lower organ damage score in female animals. Sex-related differences were found for @entity6580 and cluster of differentiation 44 expression, whereas age-related changes were observed for @entity10433 . These results demonstrate that the severity of @entity3145 caused by @entity548 is influenced by sex- and age-related effects. Variances in the @entity6580 and @entity10433 expression suggest that improved immune function in female and young subjects may be responsible for less shock-induced @entity3145 .

title: Influence of sex and age on morphological organ damage after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity10433 :: ('20848(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['signal transducers and activators of transcription 3', 'STAT-3']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity6580 :: ('22329(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['VCAM-1', 'vascular cell adhesion molecule 1']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic shock']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ) is a general term for diseases of the temporomandibular joint and orofacial muscles. In this study, we tested whether laser acupuncture was effective for the treatment of @entity2956 . METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with @entity2956 were treated with diode K-Laser (wavelength 800  nm, energy density 100.5  J/cm(2)) once a week at four acupuncture points including three standard ipsilateral local points ( @entity14048 , @entity22459 , @entity27342 point) and one contralateral distal point ( @entity9154 ). A 10-cm visual analogue scale (0 no @entity158 and 10 the most severe @entity158 ) was used for measuring the @entity158 intensity before and after the treatment. RESULTS: Seventeen out of 20 @entity1 (85%) showed various degrees of @entity158 relief after laser acupuncture treatment. The average @entity158 score was 6.3      1.6 before treatment and 2.5      2.2 after treatment. Significant @entity158 relief after laser acupuncture treatment was achieved (p  =  0.0003, Wilcoxon signed rank test). The 17 @entity1 showed an average @entity158 relief of 63      31%. There were six @entity1 who showed no @entity2956 symptoms after an average of four treatments of laser acupuncture. The other 11 @entity1 showed partial relief of @entity2956 symptoms after treatment. Although the @entity158 was still present, it was less and was acceptable. No side effects were reported in any @entity1 during or after laser acupuncture treatments. CONCLUSION: Laser acupuncture may be an alternative treatment modality for @entity2956 because it is non-invasive, results in partial or total relief of @entity158 , and has no side effects.

title: Clinical effectiveness of laser acupuncture in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['TMD', 'Temporomandibular joint disorder']

answer: @entity2956 :: (MESH:D013705,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular joint disorder']


abstract: Clinical and histopathological evaluations are inadequate for assessing biological @entity146 and regrowth potential in benign @entity977 . To develop reliable and prognostically informative means of predicting behavior remains an intractable problem. Telomerase, a reverse transcriptase that extends telomere length, may facilitate tumorigenesis and @entity5 immortality. In the present study, we investigated the telomerase activity of @entity977 , and attempted to assess the value of telomerase expression for predicting their clinical course. In total, 31 (30 @entity1 ) benign pituitary adenoma samples including 8 recurrent @entity652 were studied. Telomerase expression was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay and telomerase activity levels were quantitated by improved PCR enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data were analyzed in relation to clinical course which was reviewed at 4-5.5 years (median follow-up time, 52.5 months) after surgery. The relative values of the telomerase expression for predicting the clinical course were compared with the @entity1758 antigen-based proliferative cell index (PCI) and @entity876 immunoreactivity which have recently been suggested to correlate with @entity146 in @entity977 . Overall, telomerase expression was detected in 13% of the @entity652 (4 @entity5 tissues, 3 @entity1 ). These @entity652 comprised large, invasive, and functioning @entity652 . The number of telomerase-positive @entity652 was small; however, the PCI was higher in cases with telomerase expression (4 @entity5 tissues; mean, 4.2 +/- 2.4%) than in those without it (27 @entity5 tissues; 1.4 +/- 1.3%) (p = 0.01). One @entity5 with detectable telomerase expression, which did not undergo additional pharmacological or radiotherapeutic intervention after first surgery, recurred rapidly despite gross total surgical resection, although the PCI of both the primary and recurrent @entity652 was not high. Detection of telomerase expression may represent an additional useful means of identifying @entity146 , complementing the histopathological evaluation of benign-appearing @entity977 .

title: Telomerase activity in @entity977 : significance of telomerase expression in predicting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior', 'aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenoma recurrence']