abstract: We assessed the presence of @entity7 ( @entity7 )-C, @entity9205 and their receptor @entity7802 by immunohistochemistry in 59 epithelial @entity43 , 11 borderline @entity5 and 20 benign @entity9296 . @entity9961 and @entity9205 were generally expressed in @entity5 cells and also in endothelia adjacent to @entity5 nests which showed a strong staining for them. @entity7802 was expressed in lymphatic and vascular endothelial cells adjacent to @entity5 nests. Immunoreactivity was significantly more frequent as lesions progressed from a @entity5 to advanced @entity189 . A strong correlation was found between @entity9961 and @entity9205 detected in @entity189 and @entity7802 detected in neighbouring endothelial cells. Increased expression of @entity9961 , @entity9205 and @entity7802 was significantly associated with lymph node @entity3 and peritoneal @entity3 outside the pelvis. There was a significant correlation between the high levels of @entity9961 and @entity9205 proteins, and poor survival. The presence of @entity9205 was an independent prognostic indicator by multivariate analysis. We conclude that @entity9961 , @entity9205 and @entity7802 play an important role in lymphatic spread and intraperitoneal @entity5 development in @entity43 . Since @entity9205 was found to be an independent predictor of poor outcome, its measurement, together with other prognostic markers may improve prospective identification of @entity1 with a poor prognosis.

title: @entity7 -D is an independent prognostic factor in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinomas', 'ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity9296 :: ('MESH:D003537', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenomas']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: There is uncertainty regarding the value of endoscopic biopsy surveillance in @entity355 because, in retrospective studies, some @entity1 with high-grade @entity1141 in endoscopic biopsy specimens have had unexpected advanced @entity420 discovered at the time of esophageal resection. We compared the accuracy of preoperative endoscopic biopsy diagnoses with the final pathologic diagnoses in esophagectomy specimens in 4 @entity1 who had both high-grade @entity1141 and @entity189 and 4 other @entity1 who had only high-grade @entity1141 preoperatively. The histologic lesions in all 8 @entity1 were documented in intact mucosa with no gross evidence of @entity5 by endoscopy. The preoperative diagnoses were defined with an endoscopic biopsy protocol in which specimens were taken with large-channel biopsy forceps at least every 2 cm throughout the length of Barrett's epithelium. Final pathologic diagnoses derived from detailed analysis of the resected specimens confirmed high-grade @entity1141 without @entity189 in 4 @entity1 and @entity189 in 2 @entity1 . The remaining 2 @entity1 with a preoperative diagnosis of @entity189 had focal submucosal invasion by @entity189 in the resected specimens, but no involvement of the muscularis propria or adventitial lymph nodes. Because the natural history of high-grade @entity1141 is not known, the decision to operate on @entity1 with this lesion must be carefully weighed and individualized for each @entity1 . Two of our @entity1 who underwent esophageal resection for high-grade @entity1141 without @entity5 died, one immediately postoperatively and the other 9 mo later after a @entity64 . Once @entity189 is documented, surgery should be considered if the @entity1 is an acceptable operative risk. We conclude that systematic preoperative endoscopic biopsy of intact mucosa in @entity355 can correctly detect high-grade @entity1141 , either alone or in combination with early, treatable @entity420 .

title: Endoscopic biopsy can detect high-grade XXXX or early @entity420 in @entity355 without grossly recognizable neoplastic lesions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative stroke']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['intramucosal carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: The @entity19933 ( @entity19933 ) proteins are a family of intracellular proteins that are centrally involved with vertebrate growth, development and immunity via their effects as negative feed-back regulators of cytokine (and hormone) signaling. The genes for @entity4635 _ -3 were cloned, sequences analyzed and expression patterns examined in the commercially-important teleost, yellow perch (Perca flavescens). The deduced (mature) proteins for yellow perch (yp) @entity4635 and (yp) @entity5740 consist of 211 and 205 @entity1522 , respectively. Functional domains such as the Src homology-2 (SH2) and @entity19933 -box were present in ypSOCS-1 and ypSOCS-3 and these domains were well conserved between teleost species. Sequence analysis showed that ypSOCS-1 _ -3 share highest homology (among similar teleost sequences), to the stickleback (Gasterosteus aculatus) @entity4635 _ -3 protein homologs. To investigate sex-specific expression of the ypSOCS-1 and ypSOCS-3 mRNAs, juvenile male and female yellow perch were immunologically challenged with a single injection (10   g/g bw) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tissues (gill, head kidney, kidney, liver and spleen) were sampled over a 48-h time-course. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that ypSOCS-1 _ -3 were expressed in all tissues examined and at all sampling time-points. LPS injection significantly induced ypSOCS-1 _ -3 mRNA levels in gill, head kidney, liver, kidney and spleen, with maximal induction occurring at 6  h post-injection in each tissue. By 48-h post-injection, expression levels for ypSOCS-1 _ -3 mRNAs approached, or reached, control levels in all tissues examined. While there were statistical interactions among variables (treatment, time and sex) for ypSOCS-1, we only found a main effect of sex on @entity5740 mRNA expression in head kidney with higher copy numbers occurring in males than in females treated with LPS. Sexually-dimorphic expression of @entity25542 mRNA has not been examined, or described, in a teleost. Our findings suggest the involvement of the @entity19933 genes in the yellow perch immune response and that differences among the sexes are evident and should be explored further.

title: Characterization and evaluation of sex-specific expression of XXXX in juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens) treated with lipopolysaccharide.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity19933 :: ('1154', 'Gene') :: ['SOCS', 'suppressor of cytokine signaling']

answer: @entity25542 :: (8651;9021,Gene) :: ['suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1 and -3']


abstract: Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical studies were performed in a @entity1 with @entity8231 limbic @entity198 , @entity4685 , @entity16 and @entity2746 secondary to @entity151 . A 67-year-old male smoker developed orthostatic dizziness 6 months prior to admission. Over the following months, his wife noticed that he became forgetful and confused. Over the next three weeks, he became unable to sit or stand unaided and admitted to our service. On admission, he was lethargic and disoriented in time and place. Neurological examination revealed marked @entity425 with distal dominant @entity2057 . A chest radiograph demonstrated a mass in the right middle lobe and a bronchial biopsy revealed @entity4153 . CT scan and MRI of the brain revealed abnormalities in the bilateral medial temporal lobes and putamen. He was treated with anti- @entity5 chemotherapy, but died of @entity1576 after 13 months illness. Postmortem examination showed a mass in the right middle lobe of the lung. No @entity5 metastases were noted in the nervous tissue. Microscopical examinations of the nervous system revealed @entity528 , astrogliosis and perivascular and @entity2617 in the hippocampus, subiculum, amygdala, putamen, medulla oblongata, spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia. Loss of Purkinje cells was also seen in the cerebellum without lymphocytic infiltration. Immunohistochemical analysis of the patient's serum and CSF by the use of adult @entity35 brain revealed immunoreactivity at the hippocampal pyramidal neurons @entity1251 and @entity16711 . At the higher dilution, neuronal nuclei were specifically stained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A clinicopathological study of a @entity1 with XXXX limbic @entity198 , @entity4685 , @entity16 and @entity2746 , associated with a unique antineuronal antibody].

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['a small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymatous lymphocytic infiltration']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['limb weakness']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity8231 :: ('MESH:D010257', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2746 :: ('MESH:D013132', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar degeneration']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

answer: @entity8231 :: (MESH:D010257,Disease) :: ['paraneoplastic']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: An in vitro study using @entity1 degenerated nucleus pulposus cells. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of osmolality and different osmolytes on the regeneration by @entity1 nucleus pulposus cells through gene expression and extracellular matrix production. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major problem in developed countries. Regeneration of the IVD can prevent @entity158 and costs due to diminished work absence and health care, and improve quality of life. The osmotic value of a disc decreases during degeneration due to loss of proteoglycans and might increase degeneration. It is known that gene expression of matrix genes of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells increases when cultured in hyperosmotic medium. Thus, increasing the osmolality of the disc might be beneficial for disc regeneration. METHODS: In the current study, isolated degenerated @entity1 NP cells were used in regeneration culture with medium of different osmolalities, adjusted with different osmolytes. @entity4202 , @entity1133 and @entity969 . The cells were cultured for 28 days and expression of matrix genes and production of glycosaminoglycans and collagen II were measured. RESULTS: Gene expression for both collagen II and aggrecan increased with increasing osmolality using @entity4202 or @entity969 , but not @entity1133 . Protein production however, was not affected by increasing osmolality and was decreased when using @entity1133 and @entity969 . Expression of genes for @entity13239 , @entity1550 , and @entity1551 decreased with increasing osmolality, whereas expression of @entity30351 and @entity38260 increased. Transient expression of @entity46359 was found 6hours after the start of culture, but not at later time points. CONCLUSION: Although expression of matrix genes is upregulated, hyperosmolality does not enhance matrix production by nucleus pulposus cells. Raising osmolality can potentially increase matrix production, but in itself is not sufficient to accomplish regeneration in the current in vitro culture system. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: N/A.

title: No Effects of Hyperosmolar Culture Medium on Tissue Regeneration by XXXX Degenerated Nucleus Pulposus Cells Despite Upregulation Extracellular Matrix Genes.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surveillance data on the proportion of incident @entity1906 cases with MDR was limited and there is no systematic study of @entity6371 in China to date. Our aim was to estimate @entity6371 burden in 2012 and change trends during 2003-2012 using spatio-temporal systematic analysis. METHODS: We systematically searched Chinese and English databases for primary articles and reviews that contain @entity6371 survey data about China during the period of 2003-2012. We estimated the proportion of incident @entity1906 cases with MDR in cities which had no data to report in 2012 by Kriging spatial interpolation analysis. The primary outcomes were the proportion of incident @entity1906 cases with MDR at 2012 and the change trend during 2003-2012. RESULTS: Total 487 articles met the screening criteria, including 450 in Chinese and 37 in English, and have been used in analysis. The proportion of incident @entity1906 cases with MDR among all cases in 2012 showed clear geographic differences. From 2003 to 2012, the proportion of incident @entity1906 cases with MDR in all, new and previously treated @entity1906 cases were higher during 2006-2009 and significantly lower during 2010-2012 in comparison with the period during 2003-2005 (P   <   0.0167). The estimated median proportion of incident @entity1906 cases with MDR among all cases, as well as in new and previously treated cases in 2012 was 12.8% (IQR 9.8-17.3%), 5.4% (4.5-7.3%) and 28.5% (20.5-30.9%) respectively, which led to an estimate of 121,600 (IQR93,000-164,350) @entity6371 cases in China. CONCLUSIONS: This estimate of @entity6371 burden is considerably higher than data reported by the Chinese fifth national @entity378 epidemiological sampling survey in 2010 but close to the WHO report, which implies that detailed investigations of @entity6371 burden in China is needed. This research provides data to guide public health decisions at various scales; methods described here can be extended to estimate of the other @entity102 as well.

title: @entity6371 ( XXXX ) disease burden in China: a systematic review and spatio-temporal analysis.

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity6371 :: ('MESH:D018088', 'Disease') :: ['MDR-TB', 'MDR-TB disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

answer: @entity6371 :: (MESH:D018088,Disease) :: ['MDR-TB']


abstract: Total gastrectomy with pancreaticosplenectomy for @entity356 has been proposed for facilitating lymph node dissection or for resection of direct @entity5 invasion to the pancreas, especially for @entity75 . Its effectiveness in improving @entity1 survival is still controversial, and higher morbidity and mortality with this procedure have been reported in several series. Such risks to @entity1 survival were not observed in the Japanese series. Based on a prospective @entity356 database maintained from 1987 to 1999 in our institution, the morbidity and mortality were analyzed in our series of pancreaticosplenectomies. A total of 1,278 @entity1 with @entity356 received gastrectomy in our surgical unit. Of these, 127 @entity1 underwent curative total gastrectomy with pancreaticosplenectomy in order to facilitate lymph node dissection or removal of direct @entity5 invasion. Operative time, postoperative hospital stay, @entity260 , and surgical mortality were analyzed. Compared to another 201 total gastrectomies, longer mean operative time (7.91 +/- 2.16 hours vs. 6.67 +/- 2.01, p <0.001) and postoperative hospital stay (median, 24.5 days vs. 17, p <0.001) for combined organ resection (pancreaticosplenectomy) were shown in this series. The major complication rate, including intraabdominal abscess, @entity834 , @entity86 , @entity788 / @entity292 , chylous leak, and general complications causing unstable vital signs (26.8% vs. 11.9%, p = 0.001), but not the mortality rate (6.3% vs. 4.8%, p = 0.608), was also shown to be higher in pancreaticosplenectomy @entity1 . The most frequent fatal complication was intraabdominal abscess. However, more than 50% of complications occurred in the first 40 pancreaticosplenectomies (1987-1991); after adequate accumulation of experience, the total complication rate (57.5% vs. 35.6%, p = 0.021), major complication rate (40% vs. 20.7%, p = 0.022), and mortality rate (17.5% vs. 1.1%, p = 0.001) improved significantly in the remaining 87 @entity1 (1991-1999). We therefore conclude that total gastrectomy with pancreaticosplenectomy can be performed by experienced surgeons with acceptable risk of morbidity and mortality.

title: Higher morbidity and mortality after combined total gastrectomy and pancreaticosplenectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['T4 lesions']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: The major significance of the capsular polysaccharide of @entity1327 is its role in potentiating @entity1292 by the @entity375 . It has the ability to exert a broad spectrum of influences on the immune response, from activation of phagocytic cells and complement components of the alternative pathway, to the induction of specific antibody, T-suppressor cells, DTH responses, and cytokines (51). These biological properties along with the serotype specificities are all determined by the physical properties and chemical structures of the polysaccharide antigens that compose the capsule. There is evidence not only for an association of lethal infections with serotype A in @entity1 with advanced @entity791 (34, 56), but also for a role for the capsule in directly influencing the infection of @entity404 + cells by @entity645 (57). Together, these phenomena raise intriguing questions about the possible connection between the chemistry of these capsular antigens and @entity281 in @entity791 @entity1 . One speculation is that @entity791 creates the optimal physiological conditions for the establishment and spread of @entity1328 . It has been observed that during the progression of @entity791 there is a shift towards a T-2 response (14). This could lead to conditions that would inhibit the cellular immune responses that block dissemination of @entity281 . Thus, an important consideration in the application of vaccine or immune modulation therapies in the treatment of @entity1328 in @entity791 victims would be the design of vaccines that could boost the T-1 immune response. It has been shown that the form and dose of an antigenic challenge can influence the induction of a T-1 or T-2 immune response (61). Recently, Murphy has reported that gamma interferon and interleukin 2 are up-regulated in the spleens of @entity19 that produce anticryptococcal TDH and TAMP cells in response to immunogenic doses of cryptococcal culture filtrate antigen given with Freund's complete adjuvant (49). Perhaps purified cryptococcal antigens (e.g., MP) conjugated to an appropriate carrier or adjuvant could be used in therapeutic strategies to limit @entity1328 in immunocompromised individuals. Future investigations of virulence and pathogenicity in the context of defined polysaccharide antigens from encapsulated strains of @entity1327 will contribute to a better understanding of the regulation of @entity281 and immunity at the cellular and molecular levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Polysaccharide antigens of the capsule of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcal infection', 'cryptococcal infections']

entities_list: @entity1328 :: ('MESH:D003453', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcosis']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

answer: @entity1327 :: (5207,Species) :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans']


abstract: @entity23923 ( @entity23923 ) occurs when there is secondary @entity2025 in an @entity1097 @entity1 . The @entity1 may not have unusually severe or active @entity484 . It is thought that the abnormal skin barrier function predisposes to @entity281 , which can spread rapidly. Viraemia and secondary @entity295 can occur, and the condition can be life-threatening. The first episode of @entity281 is usually the worst and requires systemic treatment. Early recognition is vital. The presentation may be difficult to distinguish from secondary @entity2348 , which is common in @entity484 . A useful clinical clue is the presence of many very similar shaped and sized eroded lesions. Intact blisters may not be seen due to scratching. A rapid deterioration in @entity484 in a @entity1 who is systemically unwell should prompt consideration of @entity23923 .

title: Fifteen-minute consultation: XXXX herpeticum in a @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity23923 :: ('MESH:D007617', 'Disease') :: ['EH', 'Eczema herpeticum']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'herpes infection']

entities_list: @entity2025 :: ('MESH:D020031', 'Disease') :: ['skin infection with herpes simplex virus']

answer: @entity484 :: (MESH:D004485,Disease) :: ['eczema']


abstract: @entity8 of orally ingested @entity3989 has rarely been reported on computed tomography (CT). We studied the unenhanced scans of 82 @entity1 with @entity29 or perforation to assess the prevalence of urinary contrast material (CM) in various @entity29 . We also assessed the clinical significance of this sign. In addition, we reviewed the unenhanced CT scans of 100 randomly selected @entity1 without @entity29 as a control group. Twenty-nine of the 58 @entity1 with @entity29 , six of nine with free perforation, and one of 15 with covered perforation had CM in the urinary tract. None of the 100 without @entity29 showed @entity1494 . Statistical analysis was done by using the Fisher's exact test. The prevalence of @entity1494 was highest in @entity29 , @entity1161 , and free perforation (p < 0. 0001). This study shows that the CT finding of orally ingested @entity3989 in the urinary tract differentiates @entity1 with @entity29 from those without.

title: Urinary excretion of orally ingested XXXX on CT.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal excretion']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary CM']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation enteritis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel diseases', 'bowel disorders', 'bowel disease', 'inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity3989 :: ('MESH:D003974', 'Chemical') :: ['gastrografin']

answer: @entity3989 :: (MESH:D003974,Chemical) :: ['gastrografin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: By accounting for level of comorbidity, risk-adjustment models should quantify the risk of @entity204 . How accurately comorbidity indices predict risk of @entity204 in Medicare beneficiaries with @entity955 is unclear. OBJECTIVES: We sought to quantify how well 3 administrative-data based comorbidity indices (Deyo, Romano, and Elixhauser) predict mortality compared with a chart-review index. DESIGN: We undertook a retrospective cohort study using Medicare claim data (1995-1999) and medical record review. SUBJECTS: We studied Medicare beneficiaries (n = 2728; mean age = 77) with a common @entity943 , @entity955 . MEASURES: The outcome was time to @entity204 with the accuracy of the comorbidity indices measured by the c-statistic. RESULTS: Correlation between Deyo and Romano indices was strong, but weak between them and the other indices. Prevalence of many comorbidity conditions varied with different indices. Compared with demographic data alone (c = 0.64), all comorbidity indices predicted @entity204 significantly (P < 0.001) better: the c index was 0.76 for Deyo, 0.78 for Romano, 0.76 for Elixhauser, and 0.75 for medical record review. The 95% confidence intervals of the c-statistic for the 4 indices overlapped with one another. Key comorbidity conditions for @entity204 included @entity5 , @entity146 , @entity712 , and @entity409 . CONCLUSION: The predictive accuracy of 3 administrative-data based indices was similar and comparable with chart-review.

title: Comorbidity indices to predict mortality from Medicare data: results from the national registry of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is the standard treatment for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) but is associated with poor @entity5 control. Here, we report results of a randomized phase 3 study comparing two CCRT regimens in improving @entity5 control by low-dose @entity1311 chemoradiation for @entity1149 . METHODS: Due to the logistics of local referral pattern, the study was designed to enroll @entity1 with stage III @entity1149 who had completed 2-4 cycles of full-dose chemotherapy. One hundred thirty four were randomized to either @entity18504 [ @entity1311 at 15   mg/m(2), three times per week (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) for 6   weeks, n   =   74] or @entity489 (weekly @entity1311 at 45   mg/m(2) for 6   weeks, n   =   60). Chest radiotherapy was 60-70   Gy in standard fractionation. Response rate was the primary endpoint, with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) as the secondary endpoint. RESULTS: From March 2006 to February 2013, 71 @entity1 completed @entity18504 treatment and 59 completed @entity489 treatment. The response rate for @entity18504 was significantly higher (83.1%) than @entity489 (54.2%) (p=0.001). @entity1349 was superior in @entity18504 : median 14.6 vs. 9.4   months, p   =   0.005, Hazard ratio (HR) 1.87 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20, 2.90]. Overall survival was not significantly different: median 32.6   months in @entity18504 vs. 31.3   months in @entity489 , p   =   0.91, HR 0.97 (95% CI 0.55, 1.70). @entity137 was significantly lower in @entity18504 for Grade 3 and 4 @entity1431 / @entity1398 (p   <   0.001). CONCLUSION: Pulsed low-dose @entity1311 CCRT resulted in significantly better @entity1349 and @entity5 response rate, and less hematologic @entity137 than weekly CCRT for @entity1149 .

title: Phase 3 Randomized Low-Dose XXXX Chemoradiotherapy Study for Locally Advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'chest tumor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer', 'LA-NSCLC']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Paclitaxel']


abstract: PURPOSE: To demonstrate retinal arterial wall plaques (RAWPs) in @entity1 with @entity9464 , a disorder that consists of the triad of branch retinal @entity432 , @entity75 , and @entity393 . The clinician may misinterpret these RAWPs as emboli. DESIGN: Observational case series. METHODS: Four @entity1 (one @entity1 and three @entity1 , aged 21-38 years) were examined and followed. RESULTS: Four @entity1 with @entity9464 had RAWPs in association with @entity732 . They were present in six of eight eyes. The plaques were yellow to yellow-white and located usually away from retinal bifurcations. Retinal arterial wall plaques occur at the midarteriolar segments, whereas @entity527 occur at vascular bifurcations. Four of six eyes had resolution of the plaques. CONCLUSIONS: Retinal arterial wall plaques may occur with @entity732 in @entity9464 . This finding should help the clinician who is struggling to make a diagnosis in a @entity1 with an enigmatic @entity75 and/or @entity393 . These plaques may resolve over time.

title: Retinal arterial wall plaques in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['Hollenhorst plaques']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity9464 :: ('MESH:D055955', 'Disease') :: ['Susac syndrome']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['branch retinal artery occlusions']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity9464 :: (MESH:D055955,Disease) :: ['Susac syndrome']


abstract: @entity24293 is an @entity1112 characterized by @entity24293 and @entity851 . The present study set out to determine the effect of @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) therapy in @entity1 with @entity24293 enrolled in KIGS--the Pharmacia International Growth Database. Twenty-one @entity1 (20 males) were evaluated. Median age at start of treatment was 8.3 years (10-90th percentiles, 5.1-14.1 years) and median height @entity214 was -2.8 (10-90th percentiles, -2.1 to -3.7). The median dose of @entity2124 was 0.22 mg/kg/week (10-90th percentiles, 0.15-0.30 mg/kg/week) given at a median frequency of six (4-7) times per week. Prepubertal @entity1 were followed longitudinally for 1 year (n = 13) or 3 years (n = 7). After 1 year, the median height @entity214 had improved from -2.8 to -2.3 in 13 @entity1 . After 3 years, height @entity214 had improved significantly (p <0.05) to -1.8 (10-90th percentiles, -2.1 to -1.1) in the seven @entity1 . No adverse events were noted. Although final height data for these @entity1 are still awaited, the present results support the use of @entity2124 to promote growth in @entity1 with @entity24293 .

title: @entity2124 treatment in XXXX : analysis of the KIGS (Pharmacia International Growth Database) data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked disorder']

entities_list: @entity24293 :: ('MESH:C535331', 'Disease') :: ['Aarskog syndrome', 'faciogenital dysplasia']

answer: @entity24293 :: (MESH:C535331,Disease) :: ['Aarskog syndrome']


abstract: The role of @entity5371 in the treatment of @entity8972 ( @entity8972 ) is scarce. We retrospectively reviewed treatment features of 81 hospitalized @entity1 with laboratory confirmed @entity8972 between January 2007 and December 2010. The median age of the @entity1 was 45 years and 47 were male. Out of 81 @entity1 , 6 received @entity5371 . Demographic characteristics and laboratory findings of the @entity1 who received @entity5371 were not different from the @entity1 who did not receive antiviral. There were no statistically significant difference in duration of symptoms before admission (P=0  47) between the two groups. Of the @entity1 , 29 who did not receive @entity5371 and four from the @entity5371 treated group had severe disease based on the Swanpoel criteria (P=0  22). Two @entity1 from each group died. There was no statistically significant difference in case fatality (P=0  14) and duration of hospitalization (P=0  11). Treatment of @entity8972 without @entity5371 seems to be safe based on the findings of this study.

title: Do we really need @entity5371 in the treatment of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5371 :: ('MESH:D012254', 'Chemical') :: ['ribavirin']

entities_list: @entity8972 :: ('MESH:D006479', 'Disease') :: ['CCHF', 'Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever']

answer: @entity8972 :: (MESH:D006479,Disease) :: ['crimean-congo hemorrhagic Fever']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The current study evaluates whether the preoperative scrotal examination in @entity1 with non-palpable @entity1062 is sufficient in all cases or if laparoscopy is necessary to confirm the examination findings. Are the findings different amongst physicians depending on their level of experience? MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study was done between October 2009 and May 2013. @entity1 with non-palpable @entity1062 underwent an examination under anesthesia prior to surgery to feel for a testis or nubbin, followed by a diagnostic laparoscopy to validate the scrotal examination. The test was considered correct if the laparoscopic findings supported the scrotal examination. It was considered incorrect if laparoscopy revealed a different finding. RESULTS: A total of 74 @entity1062 were evaluated. All @entity1 underwent examination under anesthesia by the surgeon and senior resident. The findings were recorded separately. Despite careful examination by experienced surgeons under anesthesia, the scrotal examination was incorrect in 14 @entity1 . Four viable @entity1062 would have been missed if laparoscopy had not been performed. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy should be considered in case of palpable scrotal nubbins to ensure no testis is left within the abdominal cavity.

title: Reliance of preoperative scrotal examination versus final operative findings in the evaluation of non-palpable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children', 'Children']

answer: @entity1062 :: (MESH:D013736,Disease) :: ['testes']


abstract: This study was designed to study the influence of Sacoglottis gabonensis stem bark extract on the metabolic and cytotoxic side effects of @entity40015 ( @entity61625 ) on the brain and blood using male weaving @entity35 as the experimental model. This was after the effect of the bark extract and @entity57430 , its isolate, on membrane lipid peroxidation and tissue natural antioxidant defences was reported. Lipid peroxidation was induced experimentally with a single intraperitoneal @entity7740 ( @entity61625 ) administration at the end of 3 days exposure to the bark extract or @entity57430 in drinking water. Three hours later, the brain, liver and red blood cells of the experimental animals were analysed for @entity413 level and the blood was analysed for selected key indices of oxidative stress: red blood cell (RBC) count haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume ( @entity1485 ) and white blood cell (WBC) count (total and differential). The bark extract exhibited a protective action on brain @entity413 , significantly inhibiting the @entity413 -depleting action of both @entity61625 and @entity1068 . It also inhibited the lowering action of DNPH and @entity1068 on @entity1485 , RBC and Hb concentration of @entity35 blood, but inhibited proliferation of white blood cells (total and differential). The data on the effect of @entity57430 , on the side effects of @entity61625 experimental lipid peroxidation and on @entity1068 followed an essentially similar trend to those of the bark extract on brain @entity413 . @entity57430 , similar to the bark extract, exerted a protective action on the brain tissue, though to a lesser extent, against the oxidants, @entity61625 and @entity1068 . It is evident that aqueous @entity1068 extract of S. gabonensis stem bark has biological antioxidant properties against @entity61625 and @entity1068 -induced @entity3145 exerting its action on the haematological and metabolic side effects of the oxidants. By virtue of its essentially similar activity under the same conditions, @entity57430 appears to be the phytochemical constituent that is largely responsible for the observed action of the bark extract.

title: The influence of Sacoglottis gabonensis stem bark extract and its isolate @entity57430 , Nigerian alcoholic beverage additives, on the metabolic and haematological side effects of XXXX -induced @entity3145 .

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity57430 :: ('MESH:C006741', 'Chemical') :: ['Bergenin', 'bergenin']

entities_list: @entity40015 :: ('MESH:C004787', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity7740 :: ('MESH:C030299', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylhydrazine']

answer: @entity40015 :: (MESH:C004787,Chemical) :: ['2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is significant interest in opportunities to provide echocardiography services for detection of @entity299 with portable, or even handheld, devices in remote areas or third world countries where conventional ultrasound systems may not be available. We tested a @entity262 ( @entity262 ) (SonoHeart, SonoSite Inc, Bothell, Wash) equipped with a broadband, 7- to 4-MHz, miniaturized, curved, linear-array transducer and implemented with an improved directional Doppler flow map. METHODS: All echocardiography scanning was performed in the neonatal nursery, pediatric intensive care department, or pediatric echocardiography laboratory of our institution. We reviewed limited echocardiography view sequences sequentially obtained by the same expert examiner (D.J.S.) in 50 @entity1 and @entity1 (age: 1 day to 6 years), with preoperative or postoperative forms of @entity299 . Each @entity1 was studied twice, once with a conventional @entity154 ( @entity154 ) and then a limited scan with the @entity262 using similar frequency transducers. The cardiologist (D.J.S.) and blinded research laboratory reviewers (X.L., G.K.M., R.A.R.) read the @entity154 and @entity262 image sequences for diagnosis and for grading the quality of the anatomic and flow feature images. The studies were performed and reviewed with the examiner and reviewers blinded to @entity1 diagnosis. RESULTS: The major diagnoses (eg, @entity2461 , @entity616 ( @entity616 ) canal, peripheral @entity849 , @entity1498 , @entity118 , @entity1757 , preoperative or postoperative @entity215 , and @entity339 ) were made by both readers, who were unaware of each other's diagnosis results. Furthermore, the average composite @entity262 cardiac anatomic feature score on a scale of 0 (not visualized) to 3 (visualized precisely) from the @entity1162 and 4- or 5-chamber view for cardiac anatomy were 2.67 +/- 0.49 (SD) and 2.50 +/- 0.55, respectively, versus 2.73 +/- 0.45 and 2.55 +/- 0.54 for the @entity154 . The mean flow feature score, comprising all views, was 2.67 +/- 0.45 ( @entity262 ) versus 2.72 +/- 0.48 ( @entity154 ). The P values for all above comparisons were >.05. Image quality of the @entity154 anatomic structures were, thus, not statistically different from the @entity262 . Although the color cosmetic was different for the @entity262 directional (nonvelocity) map, only 9% of 150 total findings (including structural abnormalities and flow features, none of which were critical) were missed, whereas the other 91% regurgitant, shunt, stenosis flow features or heart structure were imaged adequately by the @entity262 in this population. CONCLUSIONS: Implementing high-frequency transducers and programs optimized for tissue and flow imaging on the @entity262 should provide images of sufficient quality for targeted echocardiography examinations to determine the presence, absence, or status of @entity299 in newborns and young @entity1 .

title: Will a handheld ultrasound scanner be applicable for screening for @entity299 in newborns and XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['FFS', 'full-feature system']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['parasternal long-axis']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['handheld system', 'HHS']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary valve stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['atrio-ventricular', 'AV']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity463 ( @entity463 ) has nearly uniformly fatal with a median survival of less than 2  years. While there have not been any novel anti- @entity463 therapeutics approved for many years, there has been the gradual accumulation of clinical data suggesting that the widely used anti-convulsant agent, @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) may significantly prolong survival in @entity463 @entity1 . This pre-clinical study aimed to determine the potential clinical utility of @entity2052 in the treatment of @entity463 . Primary @entity463 cells were treated with @entity2052 as a monotherapy and in combination with @entity2903 and irradiation. At clinically achievable concentrations, @entity2052 was shown to be effective as a monotherapy agent in the five primary lines tested. @entity2052 was then used as a sensitizing agent to in vitro radiation and showed significant augmentation of in vitro irradiation therapy. In addition, when @entity2052 , radiation and @entity2903 were combined an additive, rather than synergistic effect was noted. Gene expression profiling demonstrated close clustering of triple treated cells with @entity2052 mono-treated cells while untreated cells clustered closer with @entity2904 -irradiation dual treated cells. These microarray data suggest a dominant role of @entity2052 at the gene expression level when combining these different treatment options. Moreover, in an in vivo @entity5 transplantation model, we were able to demonstrate an increase in animal survival when cells were pre-treated with irradiation- @entity2052 and when triple treated. These findings provide a significant rationale for the investigation of @entity2052 in the treatment of @entity463 @entity1 .

title: The effect of XXXX in combination with irradiation and @entity2903 on primary @entity1 @entity463 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'Glioblastoma multiforme']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['valproic acid']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To examine the association of objectively and subjectively measured sleep characteristics with cognition in older @entity1 . DESIGN: A population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING: 6 centers in the United States. @entity1 : 3,132 community-dwelling older @entity1 (mean age 76.4    5.6 years). INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Objectively measured sleep predictors from wrist actigraphy were @entity25 ( @entity25 ), @entity25 ( @entity25 ), and @entity25 ( @entity25 ). Subjective sleep predictors were self-reported poor sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI] > 5), @entity25 ( @entity25 , Epworth Sleepiness Scale Score > 10), and @entity25 . Cognitive outcomes were measured with the Modified Mini-Mental State examination (3MS), the Trails B test, and the @entity2844 ( @entity2844 ). After adjustment for multiple potential confounders, @entity25 was modestly related to poorer cognition. Compared to those with @entity25 < 90 min, @entity1 with @entity25 >=  90 min took 6.1 sec longer to complete the Trails B test and had a 0.9-point worse 3MS score, on average (P<0.05). Actigraphically measured long sleepers had a slightly worse 3MS score compared to those with 7-8 h of sleep, but had similar Trails B and @entity2844 completion times. Compared to those who self-reported sleeping 7-8 h, long sleepers (>8 h) on average took 8.6 sec more to complete the Trails B test, had a 0.6-point worse 3MS score, and took 46 sec longer to complete the @entity2844 (P<0.05). PSQI and @entity25 were not independently related to cognitive outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: There were modest cross-sectional associations of @entity25 and self-reported long sleep with cognition among older community-dwelling @entity1 . @entity25 and PSQI were not related to cognition.

title: Association of sleep characteristics and cognition in older community-dwelling XXXX : the MrOS sleep study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2844 :: ('MESH:D000405', 'Disease') :: ['Digit Vigilance Test', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['TST', 'sleep efficiency', 'SE', 'WASO', 'wake after sleep onset', 'total sleep time', 'excessive daytime sleepiness', 'EDS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Olive leaves have an antioxidant capacity, and olive leaf extract can protect the blood, spleen and hippocampus in lead-poisoned @entity19 . However, little is known about the effects of olive leaf extract on lead-induced @entity1545 . This study was designed to determine whether olive leaf extract can inhibit lead-induced @entity1545 , and whether this effect is associated with antioxidant capacity. First, we established a @entity19 model of @entity10108 by continuous intragastric administration of @entity10222 for 30 days. Two hours after successful model establishment, lead-poisoned @entity19 were given olive leaf extract at doses of 250, 500 or 1 000 mg/kg daily by intragastric administration for 50 days. Under the transmission electron microscope, olive leaf extract attenuated neuronal and @entity130 and reduced damage to organelles and the matrix around the capillaries in the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex in the lead-poisoned @entity19 . Olive leaf extract at a dose of 1 000 mg/kg had the greatest protective effect. Spectrophotometry showed that olive leaf extract significantly increased the activities of @entity224 dismutase, @entity5533 , alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase, while it reduced @entity1234 content, in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining revealed that olive leaf extract dose-dependently decreased @entity1380 protein expression in the cerebral cortex of lead-poisoned @entity19 . Our findings indicate that olive leaf extract can inhibit lead-induced @entity1545 by increasing antioxidant capacity and reducing apoptosis.

title: Olive leaf extract inhibits XXXX -induced @entity1545 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity10108 :: ('MESH:D007855', 'Disease') :: ['lead poisoning']

entities_list: @entity10222 :: ('MESH:C008261', 'Chemical') :: ['lead acetate']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['capillary injury']

answer: @entity10108 :: (MESH:D007855,Disease) :: ['lead poisoning']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: To evaluate the influence of @entity3851 and orthotopic liver transplantation in the pituitary function and hormone metabolism before and after liver transplantation. Methods: In a prospective study, serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2) and prolactin ( @entity4090 ) of 30 male @entity1 with @entity82 were determined two to four hours before and six months after liver transplantation. The results were compared according to the @entity3851 ( @entity3851 ). Results: male @entity1 with @entity1575 have @entity6126 . FSH was normal, but inappropriately low due to androgen failure; @entity44916 , on their turn, were high. After liver transplantation, FSH and LH levels increased (p < 0.05), whereas @entity44916 normalized (p < 0.05). The @entity3851 score did not influence changes in FSH, @entity4090 and LH, however, the more severe the @entity82 was, the more significant was the normalization of E2 (p = 0.01). Conclusion: @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity14136 have inappropriately normal levels of FSH and LH, associated with an increase in @entity60256 . After liver transplantation, FSH and LH increased, while @entity44916 returned to normal. Changes in E2 levels were most pronounced in @entity1 with @entity3851 > 18. The severity of @entity82 had no influence on FSH, @entity4090 and LH.

title: Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function in @entity1 with XXXX before and after liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage liver disease', 'Model for End-stage Liver Disease', 'MELD']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity14136 :: ('MESH:D005058', 'Disease') :: ['male hypogonadism']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver cirrhosis']


abstract: @entity14317 ( @entity14317 ) of the digit is a rare, non-neoplastic heterotopic ossifying lesion involving the subcutaneous tissues of the digits. To date, there are only a few published series in the literature. Our study of 17 cases, retrieved from the authors' referral archives, shows that the condition chiefly affects young to middle-aged adults (median = 34 years), with a slight female predominance and involves the fingers (n = 8) and toes (n = 8). One identical lesion was identified on the forehead (n = 1). Lesional size ranges from 0.8 to 5.6 cm. Treatment was by surgical excision. Histologically, 14 cases show a fairly well-circumscribed dermal (n = 10) or dermal and subcutaneous (n = 7) lesion with surface ulceration (n = 7). The lesion is composed of fascicles of variably cellular, spindle-shaped cells [calponin (n = 14) and @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ) (n = 11) positivity], with minimal to mild atypia (n = 5), dispersed in a @entity4494 , focally reminiscent of nodular @entity9156 . At least focal irregular trabeculae with osteoid formation and osteoblastic rimming are seen in all cases. The main differential diagnosis is an @entity421 ; however, this afflicts an older age group, with prominent cytological atypia and atypical mitoses. Clinical follow-up (range: 18 months - 14 years, n = 12) reveals evidence of local recurrence in some cases (n = 2), but no evidence of @entity3 . In conclusion, we report an additional 17 cases of this rare lesion to increase awareness amongst dermatopathologists.

title: XXXX of the digit: a clinicopathological study of 17 cases.

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['myxoid stroma']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['extraskeletal osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3960 :: ('MESH:D018235', 'Disease') :: ['SMA', 'smooth muscle actin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity9156 :: ('MESH:D005208', 'Disease') :: ['fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity14317 :: ('MESH:D009810', 'Disease') :: ['Fibro-osseous pseudotumor', 'FP']

answer: @entity14317 :: (MESH:D009810,Disease) :: ['Fibro-osseous pseudotumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2696 are @entity5 that may be present in the retroperitoneum. @entity12294 account for approximately 1  % of all @entity2696 . We experienced an adult @entity1 with a @entity12294 coexisting with an @entity357 . Abdominal ultrasonography showed a cyst in the abdomen of a 76-year-old @entity1 . She was admitted to our clinic because of an enlargement of the cyst and @entity158 after meals. She had a long history of heartburn after meals and had not undergone any treatment. She had no record of previous illnesses. Computed tomography revealed a single bunch @entity5 with septations, located from the mediastinum to the retroperitoneal space. The @entity5 was not enhanced, and there was no solid part. She was diagnosed with a @entity45 . Laparoscopic total excision was performed because the cyst was increasing in size and the @entity1 had symptoms. The cyst was successfully removed. Although laparoscopic excision of retroperitoneal @entity3609 is the treatment of choice, surgical methods should be carefully chosen in selected @entity1 .

title: Laparoscopic excision of an adult @entity12294 coexisting with an XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3609 :: ('MESH:D018191', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lymphangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rare cystic tumors', 'tumor', 'cystic tumor']

entities_list: @entity12294 :: ('MESH:C535553', 'Disease') :: ['Retroperitoneal lymphangiomas', 'retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal hiatus hernia']

entities_list: @entity2696 :: ('MESH:D008202', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangiomas', 'Lymphangiomas']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal cyst']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

answer: @entity357 :: (MESH:D006551,Disease) :: ['esophageal hiatus hernia']


abstract: Clinically, the subglottic and glottic mucosae may react differently, eg, during acute @entity17445 . In healthy @entity35 , we showed previously that the composition of the mucosal immune system of the larynx also differs between these areas. Neutrophils, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs) are part of this mucosal immune system. In particular, DCs occupy a key function. They migrate into inflamed mucosae during the early phase of the immune response, which is normally characterized by an influx of neutrophils. Thus, they help to overcome the time lag between the innate and the adaptive immune responses. In the present study, the influx of DCs, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes into the subglottic and glottic mucosae of @entity35 was examined at different time points after challenge with a broad spectrum of stimuli such as dead @entity6729 , viable @entity7320 , viable @entity7686 , and the soluble protein ovalbumin. The number of DCs increased rapidly after the application of the antigens. This increase was as rapid as the increase in neutrophils. Depending on the kind of antigen, their number in the mucosa increased up to 1,000 cells per 0.1 mm2 ( @entity7686 ). The comparison of different @entity33 shows that an overwhelming number of immunocompetent cells entered the subglottic mucosa, whereas only a few cells migrated into the adjacent glottic mucosa. In conclusion, after inhalation of different kinds of antigens, the subset of immunocompetent cells investigated in this study entered the laryngeal mucosa in high numbers. The number of DCs entering the laryngeal mucosa was higher than the numbers of the other immune cells investigated. This finding underlines their function as first-line sentinels of the mucosal immune system of the larynx. The observation that the number of cells entering the laryngeal mucosa is location-dependent indicates the ability of adjacent laryngeal regions to react differently. This is similar to the clinical observation of a selective subglottic reaction during acute @entity17445 .

title: Dendritic cell influx differs between the subglottic and glottic mucosae during acute XXXX induced by a broad spectrum of stimuli.

entities_list: @entity7320 :: ('520', 'Species') :: ['Bordetella pertussis']

entities_list: @entity17445 :: ('MESH:C566379', 'Disease') :: ['laryngotracheitis']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal areas']

entities_list: @entity6729 :: ('480', 'Species') :: ['Moraxella catarrhalis']

answer: @entity17445 :: (MESH:C566379,Disease) :: ['laryngotracheitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity174 is often seen in @entity3604 @entity1 . Teriparatide is expected to promote bone union. Therefore, we evaluated the action of @entity891 prevention by administering teriparatide to @entity174 @entity1 . Thirty-four @entity1 with fresh @entity174 (48 vertebrae) participated in this study. They were administered either teriparatide (daily 20    g/day or weekly 56.5    g/week) or @entity562 (17.5  mg/week): ten @entity1 (20 vertebrae) received teriparatide daily (Daily group), 11 @entity1 (15 vertebrae) received teriparatide weekly (Weekly group), and 13 @entity1 (14 vertebrae) received @entity562 (RIS group). We compared some laboratory examination items, visual analogue scale (VAS) of @entity1643 , @entity891 rate and local kyphotic angle, and the cleft frequency. In addition, we evaluated 22 @entity174 @entity1 (24 vertebrae) who did not take any @entity3604 medicines (Control group). There was no significant difference in any of the scores at the start of treatment. At 8 and 12  weeks after the initial visit, VAS scores in the Daily and Weekly groups were significantly lower than in the RIS group (p  <  0.05). At 8 and 12  weeks, the @entity891 rate and local kyphotic angle in the Daily group were significantly lower than in the RIS and Control groups (p  <  0.01 and p  <  0.05, respectively), and those in the Weekly group were significantly lower than in the Control group (p  <  0.05). The cleft frequency in the Daily group was significantly lower than in the RIS group (p  <  0.05). Teriparatide is promising for the prevention of @entity891 progression after @entity174 .

title: The effect of teriparatide to alleviate pain and to prevent @entity891 after fresh XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Vertebral fracture', 'vertebral fracture']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral collapse']

entities_list: @entity562 :: ('MESH:C073008', 'Chemical') :: ['risedronate']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic vertebral fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Little has been reported regarding the @entity1 -centered quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes after en bloc spondylectomy (ES). Despite lower local recurrence rates, it is unknown whether outcomes justify the surgical morbidity. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to report on @entity1 QOL after ES as measured by validated instruments and to identify factors that may predict better postoperative QOL. STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective case-control study (Level III). @entity1 SAMPLE: Thirty-five consecutive @entity1 with mobile spine @entity5 were included. Twenty-seven @entity1 underwent en bloc resection, whereas 8 @entity1 received definitive radiation and no surgery. Minimum follow-up was 6 months (median, 32 months). OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcome measures were European Quality Group 5-Dimensional Questionnaire (EQ5D), four @entity1 -Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) short-form metrics, Neck Disability Index, and @entity717 Index (ODI). METHODS: We performed statistical comparisons between the surgery and radiation groups, of the general US population, and within the study group itself to identify predictors of higher QOL scores. RESULTS: We identified a significant difference in QOL between the surgery and radiation groups in only one instrument, PROMIS @entity158 interference, with surgery having more @entity158 interference (15.7 vs. 10.1, p=.04). For most metrics, including EQ5D, @entity158 interference, @entity158 behavior, and ODI, scores were around one standard deviation worse than the US population mean. Multivariable linear regression for each instrument demonstrated that preoperative factors such as better performance status, @entity5 location in the cervical spine, lack of @entity615 , and shorter fusion span were independently predictive of better QOL scores. Postoperative factors such as poor performance status, chronic narcotic use, and local recurrence were more dominant than preoperative factors in predicting worse QOL. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 may experience more @entity158 interference after surgery as opposed to definitive radiotherapy, but we did not identify a difference for most metrics. Quality of life in our study group was significantly worse than the general population for most metrics. @entity5 , lack of mechanical @entity158 , better baseline performance status, and less extensive surgery predict better QOL after surgery.

title: Quality of life after en bloc resection of XXXX in the mobile spine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cervical tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical back or neck pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The free-living amoeba, Naegleria fowleri, causes a @entity66 called primary amoebic @entity5422 (PAM) in @entity1 and experimental animals. Of the pathogenic mechanism of N. fowleri concerning host tissue invasion, the adherence of amoeba to hose cells is the most important. We previously cloned the @entity51782 gene from N. fowleri. The protein displayed immunolocalization in the pseudopodia, especially the food-cups structure, and was related to the contact-dependent mechanism of the amoebic pathogenicity in N. fowleri @entity281 . The cholera toxin B subunit ( @entity12338 ) and @entity526 heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit ( @entity26235 ) have been used as potent mucosal adjuvants via the parenteral route of immunization in most cases. In this study, to examine the effect of protective immunity of the @entity51782 protein for N. fowleri @entity281 with enhancement by @entity12338 or @entity26235 adjuvants, intranasally immunized BALB/c @entity19 were infected with N. fowleri trophozoites for the development of PAM. The mean time to death of @entity19 immunized with the @entity51782 protein using @entity26235 or @entity12338 adjuvant was prolonged by 5 or 8  days in comparison with that of the control @entity19 . In particular, the survival rate of @entity19 immunized with @entity51782 plus @entity12338 was 100  % during the experimental period. The serum IgG levels were significantly increased in @entity19 immunized with @entity51782 protein plus @entity12338 or @entity26235 adjuvants. These results suggest that the @entity51782 protein, with @entity12338 or @entity26235 adjuvants, induces strong protective immunity in @entity19 with PAM due to N. fowleri @entity281 .

title: Protective immunity against @entity281 on XXXX immunized with the rNfa1 protein using mucosal adjuvants.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['fatal disease']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is the second most common @entity5 in @entity1 worldwide. Infection with @entity1082 ) 16 is an important risk factor associated with @entity5 , more than 50% of @entity5 tissues have DNA of @entity1799 . Intratypic variants have been reported, although they differ in prevalence, biological and biochemical properties, their implication in the aetiology of @entity5 is still uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To identify HPV @entity1799 E6 variants among Mexican @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ) or @entity3 ( @entity3 ). STUDY DESIGN: Forty @entity1799 -positive samples were included, 15 were from @entity1 with @entity2784 , 25 from @entity1 with @entity3 ; 610 pb from the E6 gene were amplified by PCR and the variant status subsequently determined by hybridization with 27 biotinilated probes. Statistical analysis was performed with chi2, odds ratio (OR). RESULTS: In the @entity2784 group we only found ten (66%) EP and five (33%) EP350G variants. In the @entity3 group, four variants were found; 11 (44%) AA, seven (28%) EP, six (24%) EP350G, one (4%) Af2. Comparison of the frequency of variants differed from EP in both groups of @entity1 (P=0.01) with an odds ratio (OR) of 5.14 (CI 95% [1.07-26.56]). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates an association between HPV @entity1799 variants different from prototype (EP) and @entity3 .

title: Molecular variants of HPV @entity1799 E6 among Mexican @entity1 with @entity2784 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer', 'Cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['IC', 'invasive cancer', 'invasive cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion', 'LSIL']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['invasive cancer']


abstract: We attempted to detect the lesion of the damaged endothelium on the @entity731 in vivo with dye and angioscope. The plaques were induced on the aortae of @entity95 by the continuous mechanical injury with the insertion of the @entity691 tube and feeding with 2% @entity165 -added diet. We observed the some plaques could be stained with 5 x 10(-2) mol/L @entity6693 by angioscope. Control aorta, without any stimulations on the aorta, could not be stained. One month after injury and @entity165 feeding the plaques were stained. In such plaques, the lack of the endothelium and the existence of the lipid-containing cell in the intima was observed. However, the plaques of the aorta 6 months after finishing these procedures could not be stained. In these plaques, the morphological characteristics known as the regression of the @entity1856 , ie, the regeneration of the endothelium, the thick collagen layer on the plaque and the massive @entity730 were observed. The results obtained were as follows. (1) The @entity75 with the damaged endothelium could be detected in vivo by our vital staining method. (2) The @entity1856 plaques stained in vivo are the lesion with complication and enhanced permeability. (3) The slightly stained plaques indicate the lesions with regression and lost high permeability. (4) Our method would be able to add important information on the @entity75 in the clinical situations than that now we perform.

title: In vivo angioscopic detection of the damaged endothelium on the XXXX : application with vital staining by @entity6693 .

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['atheroscrelotic lesions', 'atheromatous lesion']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification of the plaque']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous', 'atheromatous plaque']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1856 :: (MESH:D058226,Disease) :: ['atheromatous plaque']


abstract: @entity706 is a low-grade @entity1892 of germinal center B-cell origin that typically lacks @entity5893 expression. We describe the clinicopathologic features of 88 cases of @entity5893 + @entity706 (53 @entity1 , 35 @entity1 ; median age, 60 years; range, 31-86). @entity706 was diagnosed initially in lymph nodes in 66 and extranodal sites in 22 @entity1 . Eighty-one @entity1 had @entity3329 , 66 had more than one involved site, 46 had bone marrow involvement, and 7 had @entity381 . Staging information was available for 84 @entity1 : 52 stage IV, 18 stage III, 12 stage II, and 2 stage I. Sixty-one cases were grade 1 or 2 and 27 were grade 3. The median proliferation index (Ki-67) was 30%. @entity5893 expression was detected by flow cytometry in 69, immunohistochemistry in 8, and both methods in 11 cases. The presence of t(14;18)(q32;q21)/ @entity7513 - @entity588 or other @entity588 translocation was detected in 28/44 (64%) cases. A total of 38 (43%) @entity1 also had diffuse large @entity1892 , concurrent with (n=20), subsequent to (n=13), or developing before @entity5893 + @entity706 (n=5). All @entity1 received chemotherapy; 12 also received stem-cell transplantation. With a median follow-up of 55 months (range, 0.5-207), 15 @entity1 died, 46 were alive with disease, and 20 were in clinical remission. Compared with a matched group of @entity1 with @entity5893 - @entity706 , @entity1 with @entity5893 + @entity706 more commonly had an International Prognostic Index >2 (35/80 vs 10/99, P<0.001), more often developed diffuse large @entity1892 (38/88 vs 17/99; P<0.001), and had a shorter median progression-free survival (44 vs 89 months, P=0.0042). Higher Ki-67 and International Prognostic Index were identified as poor prognostic factors in both the groups. We conclude that @entity5893 expression in @entity706 is associated with a higher International Prognostic Index, higher rate of transformation to diffuse large @entity1892 , and shorter progression-free survival.

title: XXXX -positive @entity706 : clinicopathologic correlations and outcome in 88 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['follicular lymphoma', 'Follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

answer: @entity5893 :: (921,Gene) :: ['CD5']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective To establish a real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay (qRT-PCR) for the rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4-anaplastic @entity706 kinase ( @entity16242 - @entity7041 ) fusion genes in @entity1149 . Methods The specific primers for the four variants of @entity16242 - @entity7041 fusion genes (V1, V2, V3a, and V3b) and Taqman fluorescence probes for the detection of the target sequences were carefully designed by the Primer Premier 5.0 software. Then, using pseudovirus containing @entity16242 - @entity7041 fusion genes variants (V1, V2, V3a, and V3b) as the study objects, we further analyzed the lower limit, sensitivity, and specificity of this method. Finally, 50 clinical samples, including 3 @entity7041 -fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) positive specimens, were collected and used to detect @entity16242 - @entity7041 fusion genes using this method. Results The lower limit of this method for the detection of @entity16242 - @entity7041 fusion genes was 10 copies/ l if no interference of background RNA existed. Regarding the method's sensitivity, the detection resolution was as high as 1% and 0.5% in the background of 500 and 5000 copies/ l wild-type @entity7041 gene, respectively. Regarding the method's specificity, no non-specific amplification was found when it was used to detect @entity16242 - @entity7041 fusion genes in leukocyte and plasma RNA samples from healthy volunteers. Among the 50 clinical samples, 47 @entity7041 -FISH negative samples were also negative. Among 3 @entity7041 -FISH positive samples, 2 cases were detected positive using this method, but another was not detected because of the failure of RNA extraction. Conclusion The proposed qRT-PCR assay for the detection of @entity16242 - @entity7041 fusion genes is rapid, simple, sensitive, and specific, which is deserved to be validated and widely used in clinical settings.

title: Detection of Echinoderm Microtubule Associated Protein Like 4-Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Fusion Genes in XXXX Clinical Samples by a Real-time Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Method.

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: Experiments were performed on @entity4486 -anaesthetized @entity468 with ligated adrenals. The @entity129 were cut and arranged for peripheral electric stimulation. The gastric lumen was perfused with isotonic saline and gastric H+ and HCO3- secretions were calculated from pH/pCO2 measurements in the perfusate. Gastric motility was recorded as changes in hydrostatic pressure in the perfusion circuit. Mucosal HCO3- secretion into the duodenum was monitored in situ by pH-stat titration. Vagal stimulation (10 Hz for 10 min) increased gastric and duodenal HCO3- secretions, as well as gastric motor activity and H+ secretion. Splanchnic nerve stimulation (10 Hz for 10 min) did not affect gastric H+ and HCO3- secretions, but tended to decrease gastric motor tone and basal duodenal HCO3- secretion. Splanchnic nerve stimulation simultaneously with vagal stimulation inhibited @entity356 and the rise in gastric H+ and duodenal HCO3- secretions observed in response to vagal stimulation alone, but had little effect on the rise in gastric HCO3- secretion. However, such vago-splanchnic stimulation in the presence of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor blocker @entity3160 induced @entity356 , H+ secretory and duodenal HCO3- secretory responses with magnitudes similar to those induced by vagal stimulation alone, whereas the gastric HCO3- secretory response was larger than by vagal stimulation alone. The alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist @entity1338 (50 micrograms kg-1 h-1, i.v.) inhibited the @entity356 and increases in gastric and duodenal HCO3- secretion in response to vagal stimulation, but did not influence vagal stimulation of gastric H+ secretion. The results suggest the existence of a peripheral sympatho-inhibitory action on gastric and duodenal HCO3- secretion involving alpha 2-adrenoceptors. Also splanchnic neural stimulatory effects on gastric and duodenal HCO3- secretion may exist.

title: Effects of splanchnic nerve stimulation and of XXXX on gastric and duodenal HCO3- secretion in the anaesthetized cat.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['vagal and splanchnic nerves']

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['chloralose']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric contractions']

answer: @entity1338 :: (MESH:D003000,Chemical) :: ['clonidine']


abstract: @entity167 withdrawal is a serious complication of heavy @entity167 use and a condition requiring @entity1 stabilization before initiating surgery or implementing lifesaving procedures for injury. Intravenous @entity1068 (IVE) is used to prevent withdrawal during these maneuvers. This report explores the use and potential problems of this practice in an academic urban medical center. This study was undertaken to improve the treatment of IVE recipients in an urban, academic health system providing @entity130 , surgery, and general inpatient services. All 68 @entity1 , identified by a review of the pharmacy database for the period August 1993 through January 1994, received IVE during their stay. A priori outcome measures related to the course of therapy in the selected cases. Of all @entity1 studied, 67.6% were admitted for @entity167 -related @entity130 ; 61.8% of IVE recipients had no documented risk factors for delirium @entity14935 (59.5% of these were oriented); 17.6% were discharged on the same day the drip was discontinued; only 17.6% were referred to the @entity167 consult team; and, throughout the course of therapy in all cases, no blood @entity167 level (BAL) determinations were recorded in @entity1 ' records. The use of IVE is associated with potentially serious clinical concerns. We found a high prevalence of @entity167 -related admissions, inconsistent IVE administration, and a low rate of @entity167 consult requests. Guidelines to improve the selection, management, and disposition of IVE recipients are suggested.

title: An evaluation of intravenous @entity1068 in hospitalized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the surgical therapy of midline skull defect accompanied with @entity131 . METHODS: 11 cases with midline skull defect accompanied with @entity131 were treated. Free temporal fascia was transplanted to close the top of frontal sinus after curettage of the frontal sinus wall. Then @entity702 prostheses were used to repair the skull defects at the same stage in 10 @entity1 . 1 @entity1 received skull defect repair at the second stage operation. RESULTS: Good results were achieved in 10 cases. The @entity702 prosthesis had to be taken out in one case due to frontal @entity1244 and the @entity4236 was performed. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with midline skull defect accompanied with @entity131 , free temporal fascia could be used to close the top of frontal sinus after curettage of frontal sinus wall. If there is no @entity281 or mild @entity281 repair could be performed in the same stage. If there is severe frontal @entity1244 , the defect repair should be done at the second stage.

title: [Surgical therapy of midline skull defect accompanied with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['frontal sinus injury']

entities_list: @entity4236 :: ('MESH:D018304', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis of frontal sinus and nasal cavity']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infection in frontal sinus, the skull defect']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['frontal sinus injury']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory, immune-mediated @entity272 . In addition to standard therapeutic modalities (antibiotics, cytostatics, phototherapy, photochemotherapy and @entity4878 ), nonstandard methods can be used in the treatment of @entity1569 . This includes balneotherapy which is most commonly used in combination with therapeutic resources. The aim of this research was to determine the length of remission of @entity1569 in @entity1 treated with standard therapeutic modalities, balneotherapy, and combined treatment (standard therapeutic modalities and balneotherapy). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study analyzed 60 adult @entity1 , of both sexes, with different clinical forms of @entity1569 , who were divided into three groups according to the applied therapeutic modalities: the first group (treated with standard therapeutic modalities), the second group (treated with balneotherapy) and the third group (treated with combined therapy-standard methods therapy and balneotherapy). The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index was determined in first, third and sixth week of treatment for all @entity1 . The following laboratory analysis were performed and monitored: @entity1851 , @entity68 with total @entity68 binding capacity, unsaturated @entity68 binding capacity and ferritin, @entity414 , rheumatoid factors and antibodies to @entity18778 in the first and sixth week of treatment. RESULTS: The average length of remission in @entity1 treated with standard therapeutic modalities and in those treated with balneotherapy was 1.77 +/- 0.951 months and 1.79 +/- 0.918 months, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the duration of remission between the @entity1 treated with combination therapy and @entity1 treated with standard therapeutic modalities (p = 0.019) and balneotherapy (p = 0.032). CONCLUSION: The best results have been achieved when the combination therapy was administered.

title: Comparative analysis of success of XXXX treatment with standard therapeutic modalities and balneotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

entities_list: @entity18778 :: ('MESH:C025964', 'Chemical') :: ['streptolysin O']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: A variety of systems of risk factor stratification have been studied to predict the outcome in @entity810 ( @entity810 ). OBJECTIVES: Assess and compare mortality and the @entity4295 Individual Severity Score (ATN- @entity2992 ) in @entity1 with AFR treated in a university hospital. METHODS: A prospective analysis was made of 103 @entity1 with a diagnosis of intrinsic @entity810 admitted to the Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP. @entity1 were followed up until recovery of renal function or @entity204 . The Score ATN- @entity2992 was recorded during the first hours of the assessment by a nephrologist. Results were reported as median or mean +/- SD, with statistical significance of p < 0.05. RESULTS: Fifty-one percent of @entity1 were male with a mean age of 58 +/- 36 years. Forty-four percent died in the hospital. Mortality was higher in @entity1 from the surgical wards (52.7%) and in @entity1 who were treated with dialysis (63.8%). The score ATN- @entity2992 showed a good confidence level, with high discriminatory power (area under the curve of 0.95) and good accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality in this study was comparable to that found in literature. The ATN- @entity2992 was shown to be a prognostic index with a high confidence level that could be routinely applied by nephrologists to @entity1 with AFR.

title: [Assessment of mortality and specific index in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['Acute Tubular Necrosis']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute renal failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Total knee replacement (TKR) for @entity571 ( @entity571 ) is a common and successful operation; the severity of radiographic changes plays a key role as to when it should be performed. This study investigates whether an early radiological grade of @entity571 has an adverse effect on the outcome of TKR in @entity1 with arthroscopically confirmed @entity571 . METHODS: Between January 2006 and January 2011 data was collected prospectively on all @entity1 undergoing a primary TKR for @entity571 . We included all @entity1 with a Kellgren-Lawrence score of two or less on their pre-operative radiograph who had had an arthroscopy to confirm significant @entity571 . Our primary outcomes were the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and a satisfaction rating. RESULTS: Over the study period 1708 primary TKRs were performed in 1381 @entity1 . We identified 44 TKRs in 43 @entity1 with a Kellgren-Lawrence score of two or less on their pre-operative radiograph. In this group the mean age was 63years, 66% were female and the mean BMI was 31.7kg/m(2). At a mean follow-up of 37months the mean OKS was only 30 points compared to 36 in all TKRs performed over the same period (p=0.0004). Only 68% were either satisfied or very satisfied. Eight knees (18%) underwent further surgery, three (6.8%) of which were revision procedures, compared to a revision rate of 1.6% in all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The outcomes of TKR in @entity1 with early radiological changes of @entity571 are inferior to those with significant radiological changes and should be performed with caution. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV case-series.

title: Inferior outcomes of total knee replacement in early radiological stages of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the value of serum measurements of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and @entity29074 ( @entity29074 ) in diagnosing @entity565 in @entity1 , and to investigate the influence of concomitant @entity56 and @entity1097 sensitization, assessed by skin prick tests (SPT), on these markers. ECP and @entity29074 were determined in 36 @entity1 with @entity565 , in 33 @entity1 with other symptoms from @entity1030 (OSLA), and in 166 control @entity1 . Sixteen @entity1 with @entity565 but no anti-inflammatory therapy had significantly higher concentrations of ECP and @entity29074 (ECP: 27.5 microg/L, P < 0.001; @entity29074 : 59.9 microg/L, P < 0.001) than the control @entity1 (ECP: 11.2 microg/L; @entity29074 : 26.2 microg/L). In the 20 children on anti-inflammatory therapy, ECP values were similar to those of controls. The @entity1 with OSLA (ECP: 13.6 microg/L, P < 0.01; @entity29074 : 47.2 microg/L, P < 0.001) differed significantly from controls. When using the value of 24.7 microg/L (97.5 percentile in the 68 non- @entity1097 controls) as a pathologic upper limit for ECP, 10 (63%) of the 16 asthmatic @entity1 on no maintenance medication, two (10%) of the 20 asthmatics on maintenance therapy, and 11 (33%) of the 33 @entity1 with OSLA had high ECP; the same figure was only 18 (11%) in the 166 control @entity1 . Both ECP and @entity29074 had a significant association with @entity56 and with SPT reactivity. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, an elevated ECP was significantly associated with @entity565 (OR 2.3, 95%CI 1.1-4.9) and @entity483 (2.9, 1.2-6.9), and an elevated @entity29074 was significantly associated with @entity565 (2.61, 1.19-5.74) and @entity56 (5.23, 1.46-18.73). We conclude that serum concentrations of both ECP and @entity29074 are higher in asthmatic than in healthy @entity1 . However, other @entity56 , such as @entity56 , @entity483 , and @entity56 also raise the concentrations of these markers. This limits their usefulness in the diagnosis of @entity565 .

title: Serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and @entity29074 ( XXXX ) in @entity565 : the influence of atopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity29074 :: ('8288', 'Gene') :: ['EPX', 'eosinophil protein X']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['childhood asthma', 'asthma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disorders', 'allergic diseases', 'allergic rhinoconjunctivitis', 'allergic skin sensitization']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['lower airways disease']

answer: @entity29074 :: (8288,Gene) :: ['EPX']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the relation of retinal arteriolar and venular caliber to the incidence and progression of @entity6 in @entity1 with @entity6 . DESIGN: Incidence findings in a population-based study of @entity6 in Wisconsin. @entity1 included 996 @entity1 diagnosed as having @entity6 before 30 years of age who took insulin and underwent the baseline examination, 891 in the 4-year follow-up, 765 in the 10-year follow-up, and 634 in the 14-year follow-up. Retinal photographs of 7 standard fields were taken at all examinations. Computer-assisted grading was performed from a digitized image of field 1 to determine the average diameter of retinal arterioles and venules and their ratio. Main outcome measures included incidence and progression of @entity989 , incidence of @entity989 , and macular @entity4 . RESULTS: While adjusting for other factors, larger arteriolar (relative risk [RR] for the fourth vs first quartile range, 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20-3.47; test of trend, P =.008) and venular diameters (RR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.37-3.95; test of trend, P =.005) were associated with greater 4-year progression of @entity989 . Larger venular diameters (RR, 4.28; 95% CI, 1.50-12.19; test of trend, P =.006) but not arteriolar diameters were associated with greater 4-year incidence of @entity989 . In multivariable analyses, arteriolar and venular calibers were not associated with the 4-year incidence of @entity989 . While adjusting for other factors, arteriolar and venular calibers were not associated with incidence of macular @entity4 at 4 years. There were few associations of arteriolar or venular caliber with the 10- or 14-year incidence or the progression of @entity989 . CONCLUSIONS: Larger arteriolar and venular caliber, independent of @entity989 severity level, is related to the progression of @entity989 , and larger venular caliber is associated with the 4-year incidence of @entity989 . Caliber of retinal vessels is not associated with incident @entity989 . These data suggest a quantitative measure of retinal vascular caliber provides additional information regarding risk for progression of @entity989 .

title: The relation of retinal vessel caliber to the incidence and progression of XXXX : XIX: the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'proliferative retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the phase III @entity16231 second-line (AXIS) trial, @entity16231 significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) versus @entity2857 in @entity1 with previously treated metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Analyses of associations between germline single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and outcomes are reported. @entity1 AND METHODS: DNA samples from blood were genotyped using TaqMan allelic discrimination. Logistic/Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate association of 15 SNPs in @entity7 ( @entity7 )-A, @entity7 receptor ( @entity6758 , @entity319 , or @entity7738 with outcomes for blood pressure (BP; Grade  >=  3 hypertension, diastolic BP > 90  mm Hg, and increase >=   15  mm Hg from baseline) and efficacy (independent review committee-assessed objective response rate and PFS, and overall survival [OS]). Multivariate analyses assessed SNPs and baseline characteristics as potential predictors of PFS and OS. RESULTS: Genotype data were available for 305 (42.7%) of 714 @entity1 ; 159 received @entity16231 and 146 @entity2857 . After Bonferroni adjustment, no SNP was associated with BP outcomes. In @entity16231 -treated @entity1 , @entity7 @entity24280 (A/A vs. C/C) and @entity32539 (C/C vs. T/T) were associated with longer OS (27.0 vs. 13.4 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.39; Padjusted  = .015). In @entity2857 -treated @entity1 , @entity319 @entity56454 (G/G vs. A/A) was associated with longer OS (26.8 vs. 13.8 months; HR, 0.41; Padjusted  = .030). In multivariate analyses, no @entity4982 predicted @entity16231 efficacy; @entity319 @entity56454 predicted PFS (P  = .0053) and OS (P  = .0027) for @entity2857 . Sensitivity/specificity of @entity319 @entity56454 for OS was  < 80%. CONCLUSION: No SNP predicted @entity16231 outcomes. Although @entity319 @entity56454 predicted @entity2857 efficacy in @entity1 with mRCC, sensitivity/specificity limitations preclude its use for selecting individual @entity1 for @entity2857 treatment.

title: Genotype Correlations With Blood Pressure and Efficacy From a Randomized Phase III Trial of Second-Line XXXX Versus @entity2857 in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity7738 :: ('3091', 'Gene') :: ['hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1a']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF', 'VEGF-A']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

answer: @entity16231 :: (MESH:C503983,Chemical) :: ['Axitinib']


abstract: @entity908 kinase (CK) isoenzymes play prominent roles in myocardial energy metabolism. Two nuclear genes encode mitochondrial @entity908 kinase (MtCK), are tissue-specific in their expression, and are thus designated as @entity61823 ( @entity61823 ) and ubiquitous MtCK ( @entity54455 ). Quantitative analysis of the mRNA expression of both MtCKs in developing @entity35 tissues demonstrates tissue-specific developmental regulation. @entity61823 mRNA in heart is undetectable prenatally but is dramatically upregulated by 28 d postnatally. @entity61823 mRNA in skeletal muscle is also extremely low prenatally but is markedly upregulated at birth and doubles by 28 d postnatally. @entity54455 mRNA expression is present at low levels in fetal brain and intestine. Brain @entity54455 mRNA continues to rise from -4 d prenatally until 28 d postnatally (6-fold increase), but intestinal @entity54455 mRNA increases immediately prior to birth, falls, and is upregulated again at 28 d (20-fold). @entity54455 mRNA is undetectable in fetal skeletal muscle or heart, but increases to low levels in skeletal muscle at birth and remains at this level into adulthood. @entity54455 is not detectable in heart, lung, testes, or liver at any stage examined. We conclude that @entity61823 and @entity54455 are developmentally regulated in a tissue-specific manner. Unlike cytosolic muscle CK and brain CK, there is no isoenzyme switch between @entity61823 and @entity54455 in the developing animal. Our results suggest that specific trans-acting factors regulate the different developmental and tissue-specific expression of the MtCK genes.

title: Developmental expression of sarcomeric and ubiquitous mitochondrial XXXX kinase is tissue-specific.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine', 'Creatine']

answer: @entity908 :: (MESH:D003401,Chemical) :: ['creatine']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate dose- and time-dependent effects of @entity4437 on T-lymphocyte and macrophage-derived cytokine production in @entity35 . Moreover we have determined the concentrations of @entity3406 in the plasma that are required to elicit alterations in T-lymphocyte and macrophage function. @entity4437 suppressed T-lymphocyte proliferation and Th1 ( @entity3692 ) and Th2 ( @entity13358 ) cytokine production in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. In addition, @entity4437 inhibited production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine @entity1505 and increased production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity13358 from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated cultures. We have determined that the minimal plasma concentrations of @entity3406 required to provoke immunosuppression are in the range 209-585 ng/mL. In the time-course study @entity4437 (3.3 mg/kg) provoked immunological changes that were maximal 1 h following administration, and some of these changes persisted for up to 24 h post administration. Overall these data clearly demonstrate that @entity4437 suppresses T-cell function and promotes an immunosuppressive macrophage phenotype in @entity35 . This study also indicates that measuring T-cell proliferation is as sensitive a marker of @entity4437 -induced immunotoxicity as measuring T-cell or macrophage cytokine production. Co-measurement of circulating @entity3406 concentrations and immune parameters yields valuable information with regard to the potency of @entity3406 to alter immune function in vivo. These data also suggest that quite a large quantity of @entity3406 needs to reach the systemic circulation before any adverse effects on immune function are observed.

title: A toxicokinetic study of XXXX -induced immunosuppression in @entity35 .

answer: @entity3406 :: (MESH:D009532,Chemical) :: ['nickel']