abstract: BACKGROUND: This is the first case series to describe adjacent segment infection (ASI) after surgical treatment of @entity1512 ( @entity1512 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1512 , @entity1511 who were surgically treated between 1994 and 2012 were included. Out of 1187 cases, 23 (1.94  %) returned to our institution (Zentralklinik Bad Berka) with ASI: 10  males, 13 females, with a mean age of 65.1  years and a mean follow-up of 69  months. RESULTS: ASI most commonly involved @entity6357 (seven @entity1 ), T12-L1 (five) and @entity11376 (four). The mean interval between operations of @entity281 and ASI was 36.9  months. All cases needed surgical intervention, debridement, reconstruction and fusion with longer instrumentation, with culture and sensitivity-based postoperative antimicrobial therapy. At last follow-up, six @entity1 (26.1  %) were mobilized in a wheelchair with a varying degree of @entity451 (three had pre-existing @entity912 ). Three @entity1 died within 2 months after the ASI operation (13  %). Excellent outcomes were achieved in five @entity1 , and good in eight. CONCLUSIONS: @entity281 after surgical treatment of @entity1512 is a rare complication (1.94  %). It is associated with multimorbidity and shows a high mortality rate and a high neurological affection rate. Possible explanations are: haematomas of repeated micro-fractures around screw loosening, haematogenous spread, direct inoculation or a combination of these factors. ASI may also lead to proximal junctional kyphosis, as found in this series. We suggest early surgical intervention with anterior debridement, reconstruction and fusion with posterior instrumentation, followed by antimicrobial therapy for 12  weeks. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV retrospective uncontrolled case series.

title: XXXX after surgical treatment of @entity1512 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['spondylodiscitis', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['primary infection', 'Adjacent segment infection']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Adjacent segment infection']


abstract: To improve animal growth, @entity40459 ( @entity40459 ) expression vectors that maintain constant @entity40459 expression can be directly injected into muscles. To deliver the @entity40459 expression vectors, biodegradable microspheres have been used as a sustained release system. Although administering @entity40459 through microspheres is a common practice, the intergenerational effects of this delivery system are unknown. To investigate the intergenerational effects of @entity7050 ( @entity7050 ) encapsulated plasmid-mediated @entity40459 supplements, pCMV-Rep- @entity40459 microspheres were injected into pregnant @entity19 . Growth and expression of @entity40459 were measured in the offspring. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry reveal @entity40459 expression 3-21 days post-injection. The proportion of GH-positive cells in the @entity40459 treated offspring was 48.2% higher than in the control group (P < 0.01). The @entity40459 treated offspring were 6.15% (P < 0.05) larger than the control offspring. At day 49 post-injection, @entity7424 serum levels were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group. This study confirms that intramuscular expression of @entity40459 mediated by @entity7050 microspheres significantly enhances intergenerational growth.

title: XXXX microsphere-mediated growth hormone release hormone expression induces intergenerational growth.

entities_list: @entity40459 :: ('14601(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['GHRH', 'growth hormone-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity7050 :: ('MESH:C043435', 'Chemical') :: ['polylactic-co-glycolic acid', 'PLGA']

answer: @entity7050 :: (MESH:C043435,Chemical) :: ['PLGA']


abstract: 1. Neurotrophins and @entity750 have both been implicated in the pathophysiology of @entity308 and in the mechanisms of antidepressant treatments. 2. @entity9140 ( @entity9140 ) influences the growth and plasticity of serotonergic ( @entity750 ) neurons via the activation of @entity26304 receptor. 3. @entity19 overexpressing the full-length @entity26304 receptor ( @entity26304 .TK+) and showing increased @entity26304 activity in brain, and their @entity164 ( @entity164 ) littermates, were injected with the antidepressant @entity905 or saline, and analyzed behaviorally in the forced swimming test paradigm and biochemically for the concentrations of brain @entity1154 and their metabolites. 4. The @entity26304 .TK+ @entity19 displayed increased latency to immobility in the forced swim test, suggesting resistance to behavioral despair. 5. @entity905 increased the latency to immobility in wild-type @entity19 to a similar level as seen in the @entity26304 .TK+ @entity19 after saline treatment, but had no further behavioral effect in the swimming behavior of the @entity26304 .TK+ @entity19 . 6. Only minor differences in the levels of brain @entity1154 and their metabolites were observed between the transgenic and wild-type @entity19 . 7. These data, together with other recent observations, suggest that @entity26304 activation may play a critical role in the behavioral responses to antidepressant drugs in @entity19 .

title: Enhanced @entity9140 signaling is associated with an antidepressant-like behavioral response and changes in brain XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9140 :: ('12064(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine', 'Fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamines']

answer: @entity1154 :: (CHEBI:25375,Chemical) :: ['monoamines']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity55 is the leading cause of death of @entity1 . Diagnostic tools include chest radiography, but guidelines do not currently recommend the use of @entity358 ( @entity358 ) as a diagnostic method. We conducted a meta-analysis to summarize evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of @entity358 for @entity55 . METHODS: We performed a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Global Health, World Health Organization-Libraries, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature of studies comparing @entity358 diagnostic accuracy against a reference standard. We used a combination of controlled key words for age <18 years, @entity55 , and ultrasound. We identified 1475 studies and selected 15 (1%) for further review. Eight studies (765 @entity1 ) were retrieved for analysis, of which 6 (75%) were conducted in the general pediatric population and 2 (25%) in neonates. Eligible studies provided information to calculate sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios. Heterogeneity was assessed by using Q and I(2) statistics. RESULTS: Five studies (63%) reported using highly skilled sonographers. Overall methodologic quality was high, but heterogeneity was observed across studies. @entity358 had a sensitivity of 96% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 94%-97%) and specificity of 93% (95% CI: 90%-96%), and positive and negative likelihood ratios were 15.3 (95% CI: 6.6-35.3) and 0.06 (95% CI: 0.03-0.11), respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.98. Limitations included the following: most studies included in our analysis had a low number of @entity1 , and the number of eligible studies was also small. CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence supports @entity358 as an imaging alternative for the diagnosis of @entity55 . Recommendations to train pediatricians on @entity358 for diagnosis of @entity55 may have important implications in different clinical settings.

title: Lung Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of XXXX in @entity1 : A Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['LUS', 'lung ultrasound']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['childhood pneumonia', 'pneumonia', 'Pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['Pneumonia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Several management options are available to @entity1 with @entity5 , including adjuvant radiotherapy, surveillance, and adjuvant chemotherapy. We performed a pooled analysis of @entity1 from the four largest surveillance studies to better delineate prognostic factors associated with disease progression. @entity1 AND METHODS: Individual @entity1 data were obtained from each center (Princess Margaret Hospital, Danish @entity5 Study Group, Royal Marsden Hospital, and Royal London Hospital) for 638 @entity1 . Tumor characteristics (size, histologic subtype, invasion of rete testis, and @entity5 invasion into small vessels [SVI]) as well as age at diagnosis were analyzed for prognostic importance for relapse. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 7.0 years (range, 0.02 to 17.5 years), 121 relapses were observed for an actuarial 5-year relapse-free rate (RFR) of 82.3%. On univariate analysis, @entity5 size (RFR: <or= 4 cm, 87%; > 4 cm, 76%; P =.003), rete testis invasion (RFR: 86% [absent] v 77% [present], P =.003), and the presence of SVI (RFR: 86% [absent] v 77% [present], P =.038) were predictive of relapse. On multivariate analysis, @entity5 size (<or= 4 cm v > 4 cm, hazard ratio 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 3.2) and invasion of the rete testis (hazard ratio 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.6) remained as important predictors for relapse. CONCLUSION: We have identified size of @entity5 and rete testis invasion as important prognostic factors for relapse in @entity1 with @entity5 managed with surveillance. This information will allow @entity1 and clinicians to choose management based on a more accurate assessment of an individual @entity1 's risk of relapse. In addition, it will allow clinicians to tailor follow-up protocols based on risk of @entity66 .

title: Prognostic factors for relapse in XXXX managed by surveillance: a pooled analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Testicular Cancer', 'primary tumor', 'stage I seminoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['occult disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage I seminoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose was to compare transepithelial versus epithelium off technique of corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) in @entity1 of @entity9042 . MATERIALS AND METHOD: Totally, 40 eyes (40 @entity1 ) with progressive @entity9042 were subjected to transepithelial CXL (20 eyes; Group I), and conventional CXL (20 eyes; Group II). @entity1 were evaluated for uncorrected distance visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit lamp-biomicroscopy, keratometry, 9-point pachymentry, orbscan II, and endothelial cell count at baseline and post CXL at 1, 3, and 6 months. RESULTS: The two groups were similar with respect to the evaluated parameters both at baseline and at the end of 6 months. There was an improvement in mean BCVA from Log Mar 0.327    0.1 (Group 1), 0.36    0.08 (Group 2) to 0.23    0.08 (Group 1; P < 0.001), 0.22    0.06 (Group 2; P < 0.001), respectively, at 6 months. Mean Sim K @entity940 decreased from 6.6    1.93 D (Group 1), 6.64    1.93 D (Group 2) to 5.14    1.86 D (Group 1; P = 0.001), and 4.77    0.06 (Group 2; P = 0.001), respectively, at 6 months. The mean pachymetry increased from 432.05    19.36  m (Group 1), 429.91    16.66  m (Group 2) to 447.8    16.09  m (Group 1; P < 0.001), 440.25    11.18 um (Group 2; P = 0.002), respectively, at 6 months. All cases showed stabilization of @entity9042 two eyes in epithelium off group developed persistent stromal haze. Most of the @entity1 in Group II experienced @entity158 and @entity3917 during first 2 days, but not of Group I. CONCLUSION: Trans-epithelial technique offers visual and topographic outcomes similar to the conventional method with superior @entity1 comfort postintervention.

title: Trans-epithelial versus conventional corneal collagen crosslinking: A randomized trial in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

answer: @entity9042 :: (MESH:D007640,Disease) :: ['keratoconus']


abstract: @entity6015 is a serious complication of @entity8314 which most often occurs in @entity1 of mothers suffering from connective tissue disease. We report the occurrence of @entity6015 associated with @entity775 ( @entity23114 -positive). A 32-year-old @entity1 was treated for more than 10 years for @entity775 ( @entity23114 -/ANA-positive) and remained in clinical remission under immunosuppressive therapy. She showed an MHC-haplotype typical for @entity775 (A1, B8, @entity4106 ). After a normal first pregnancy, an emergency caesarean section was performed in the 32nd week of her second pregnancy because of fetal @entity1168 . The @entity1 died a few hours after @entity713 . Retrospective analysis of the maternal serum showed the emergence of @entity6540 -antibodies prior to the second pregnancy. The maternal serum antibodies were reactive with the 52 kD @entity6540 -antigen, as demonstrated by immunoblot employing recombinant SSA/Ro-antigen. The occurrence of @entity6015 has been shown to be associated with the presence of @entity6540 antibodies as well as the MHC-haplotype @entity4106 . With respect to this genetic linkage, pregnant @entity1 with @entity775 and the MHC-haplotype @entity4106 should be examined for the presence of @entity6540 -antibodies. They should be closely followed during pregnancy to enable early detection of the development of @entity6015 , as prevention by plasmapheresis plus @entity619 may be possible at an early stage.

title: XXXX in @entity775 ( @entity23114 -positive).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'woman', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['delivery of complete congenital AV-block']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity8314 :: ('MESH:C536397', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity6015 :: ('MESH:C535758', 'Disease') :: ['Complete congenital heart block', 'congenital heart block', 'complete congenital heart block']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity6015 :: (MESH:C535758,Disease) :: ['Complete congenital heart block']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity14 is the second most common cause of @entity5 -related mortality in the west. The high incidence and mortality make effective prevention an important public-health and economic issue. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can inhibit @entity14 and are among the few agents known to be chemopreventive. Randomised trials have shown that @entity10521 and @entity12698 suppress the development of @entity6523 and cause regression of existing @entity1127 in @entity1 with @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ), who have a high risk for developing @entity14 . The mechanisms by which NSAIDs inhibit neoplastic growth are not fully known. STARTING POINT: Two recently reported randomised placebo-controlled trials show a chemopreventive effect of @entity117 in populations other than those with @entity1412 (Robert Sandler and colleagues, N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 883-90; John Baron and colleagues, N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 891-99). In the Sandler study 635 @entity1 with @entity14 were randomised to receive 325 mg @entity117 or placebo daily. After a follow-up of around 31 months, the mean number of @entity652 was lower in the @entity117 group than in the placebo group, corresponding to a relative risk of any recurrent @entity652 in the @entity117 group of 0.65. In the Baron study 1121 @entity1 with @entity2513 were assigned to receive 81 or 325 mg @entity117 or placebo daily. Follow-up colonoscopy, 32 months after the index endoscopy, showed an incidence of one or more @entity652 of 38% in the 81 mg @entity117 group, 45% in the 325 mg @entity117 group, and 47% in the placebo group. Together, these studies indicate a moderate chemopreventive effect of @entity117 in populations with an intermediate risk of developing @entity14 . WHERE NEXT? The anticancer properties of NSAIDs have been demonstrated in vitro and in animal studies, epidemiological reports, and intervention studies. Several mechanisms through which NSAIDs alter @entity694 have been elucidated, including the induction of apoptosis in neoplastic cells, via mechanisms dependent and independent of cyclo-oxygenase. Some studies have suggested an important role for the cell-cycle regulating protein @entity3544 in mediating the chemopreventive effect of @entity10521 . A decrease in @entity3544 expression may be one of the main oncogenic events in the development of @entity14 . Thus @entity3544 could be the molecular link in the chemopreventive effects of NSAIDs.

title: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and molecular carcinogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma', 'adenomas']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'colorectal carcinogenesis', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'FAP']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinomas']


abstract: We have demonstrated the effects of @entity172 on modulation of @entity855 -sensitive @entity3529 channels; however, the subcellular location of these channels is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of the sarcolemmal and mitochondrial @entity855 -sensitive @entity3529 channels in a @entity235 model of @entity583 after stimulation with @entity53 . Anesthetized @entity235 were subjected to 60 min of the left anterior descending @entity1563 followed by 3 h of reperfusion. @entity1188 size was markedly reduced in @entity53 -treated @entity235 compared with controls (14 +/- 6 versus 42 +/- 6%, P < 0.0001), indicating the effective dose of @entity53 administrated. Pretreatment with the mitochondrial @entity855 -sensitive @entity3529 channel antagonist @entity7554 completely abolished @entity53 -induced cardioprotection. The sarcolemmal @entity855 -sensitive @entity3529 channel antagonist 1-15-12-(5-chloro-o-anisamido)ethyl-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-3-methylthiourea ( @entity46214 ) did not significantly attenuate @entity53 -induced @entity1188 size limitation. In addition, @entity53 administration significantly reduced the incidence and duration of reperfusion-induced @entity1165 and @entity2224 . Although @entity7554 alone caused no significant effect on the incidence of @entity943 in the presence or absence of @entity53 , the administration of @entity46214 abolished @entity172 -induced improvement of @entity943 . Pretreatment with the @entity172 -receptor antagonist @entity1299 ( @entity1299 ) did not alter @entity172 -induced @entity1188 -limiting and antiarrhythmic effects. These results demonstrate that @entity172 is cardioprotective against @entity1188 sizes and fatal @entity943 by different @entity855 -sensitive @entity3529 channels for an @entity172 receptor-independent mechanism. The @entity1188 size-limiting and antiarrhythmic effects of @entity172 were abolished by @entity7554 and @entity46214 , suggesting that the effects may result from activation of the mitochondrial and sarcolemmal @entity855 -sensitive @entity3529 channels, respectively.

title: Differential effects of sarcolemmal and mitochondrial @entity3529 ( @entity855 ) channels activated by @entity53 on @entity943 and @entity1188 sizes in XXXX hearts.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17 beta-estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity7554 :: ('MESH:C052853', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxydecanoate']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion arrhythmias']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is rising interest in recruitment of brown adipocytes into @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) as a means to augment energy expenditure for @entity353 . We thus investigated the potential of @entity419 uptake as an imaging biomarker that can monitor the process of @entity1386 browning. METHODS: C57BL/6 @entity19 were treated daily with the b3 agonist @entity20105 (5-[(2R)-2-[[(2R)-2-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]propyl]-1,3-benzodioxole-2,2-dicarboxylic acid disodium salt), whereas controls received saline. @entity419 small-animal PET/CT was serially performed at 1 h after CL316,243 injection. After sacrifice, interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) and @entity1386 depots were extracted, weighed, and measured for @entity419 uptake. Tissues underwent immunostaining, and @entity4305 content was quantified by Western blotting. RESULTS: PET/CT showed low @entity419 uptake in both BAT and inguinal @entity1386 at baseline. BAT uptake was substantially increased by a single stimulation with CL316,243. Uptake in inguinal @entity1386 was only modestly elevated by the first stimulation uptake but gradually increased to BAT level by prolonged stimulation. Ex vivo measurements recapitulated the PET findings, and measured @entity419 uptake in other @entity1386 depots was similar to inguinal @entity1386 . @entity1386 browning by prolonged stimulation was confirmed by a substantial increase in @entity4305 ( @entity4305 ), @entity18132 ( @entity18132 ), and @entity10350 ( @entity10350 ) staining as markers of brown adipocytes. @entity4305 content, which served as a measure for extent of browning, was low in baseline inguinal @entity1386 but linearly increased over 10 d of CL316,243 injection. Finally, image-based and ex vivo-measured @entity419 uptake in inguinal @entity1386 correlated well with @entity4305 content. CONCLUSION: @entity419 PET/CT has the capacity to monitor brown adipocyte recruitment into @entity1386 depots in vivo and may thus be useful for screening the efficacy of strategies to promote @entity1386 browning.

title: XXXX PET/CT Monitoring of b3 Agonist-Stimulated Brown Adipocyte Recruitment in White Adipose Tissue.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['white adipose tissue', 'WAT']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-FDG']


abstract: @entity472 is a common pathology in adults. The @entity340 , usually secondary to a bicuspid valve, is dominant. Dilatation of the ascending aorta, the result of a @entity75 or @entity2526 , is often observed in association with the @entity849 . @entity3888 is progressive and may only present late, after surgery of another @entity66 . @entity7196 is much less common and is usually diagnosed in a dysgenetic context. Echocardiography is usually diagnostic and enables quantification of the @entity850 and evaluation of secondary left ventricular changes. Exercise stress testing is decisional in asymptomatic severe @entity850 . Percutaneous valvuloplasty is a good palliative procedure. Other surgical techniques comprise valvular commissurotomy, supravalvular valvuloplasty, valvular replacement (autograft, homo- or heterograft or mechanical prostheses). The indications depend on the quantification of the @entity850 , symptoms, the results of exercise testing, the @entity340 secondary to subaortic @entity850 and the progression of the @entity439 of the ascending aorta.

title: [ XXXX in the adult].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['congenital lesion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity7196 :: ('MESH:D021921', 'Disease') :: ['Supravalvular stenosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['jet lesion']

entities_list: @entity3888 :: ('MESH:D011662', 'Disease') :: ['Subvalvular stenosis']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['structural wall abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['valvular stenosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular lesion']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['Congenital aortic stenosis']


abstract: 1. Coronary vasodilator effects of non- @entity519 (perfusion with non-oxygenated Tyrode solution) and @entity519 ( @entity1563 ) were compared. 2. The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) of six in situ @entity235 hearts was perfused selectively at controlled pressure with normal arterial blood or with non-oxygenated Tyrode solution. LAD flow was measured continuously with an electromagnetic flowmeter. Reactive hyperaemic blood flow responses following 3 min Tyrode perfusion were compared with responses following 3 min complete @entity1563 . 3. Control LAD blood flow was 26.9 +/- 4.6 ml/min. A 3 min period of Tyrode perfusion caused a peak reactive hyperaemic blood flow of 151 +/- 31 ml/min, which was not significantly different from that caused by 3 min occlusion, 123 +/- 17 ml/min. The duration and total volume of reactive hyperaemia flow following Tyrode perfusion were smaller than values following occlusion. 4. The present findings demonstrate that @entity296 per se is a sufficient vasodilatory stimulus to account for the peak reactive hyperaemic flow following 3 min occlusion, but that the prolonged reactive hyperaemic response depends on vasodilator metabolites which accumulate in @entity1562 .

title: Perfusion with non-oxygenated Tyrode solution causes maximal coronary vasodilation in XXXX hearts.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic myocardium']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: We report two cases of intramedullary spinal cord @entity3 of @entity2 detected by MRI. Case 1: A 77-year-old @entity1 underwent chemotherapy and left lower lung lobectomy for @entity957 of the lung (T2N0M0). About one year later, he complained of paresthesia of the lower extremities and @entity613 on walking, and then of weakness of the lower limbs and @entity1494 . Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an enhanced mass in the dural sac at the level of the spines of @entity6356 . Volume reduction surgery was promptly performed. The pathological diagnosis was @entity957 . Case 2: A small cell @entity2 with @entity3 to bone, kidney and cerebellum (T4 N3 M1) in a 73-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed. He showed a partial response to chemotherapies and to whole brain radiation (45 Gy). Three months later, he presented sudden onset @entity451 , paraesthesia and @entity1494 . MRI demonstrated an enhancing intramedullary lesion that delineated the conus of the cauda equina, and T 2-weighted MRI images showed multiple nodules in sacs.

title: [Two cases of intramedullary spinal cord XXXX of @entity2 detected with MRI].

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'carcinoma of lung']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose was to determine the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity2600 and @entity900 with concurrent split-course thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) in locally advanced @entity1149 . METHODS: Fifty @entity1 fulfilling the following eligibility criteria were enrolled: chemotherapy-naive, good performance status (PS, 0-2), age <75, stage III, and adequate organ function. The @entity1 received @entity2600 60 mg/m(2) intravenously on Days 1, 8, and 15, and @entity900 80 mg/m(2) intravenously on Day 1 in the first group. The doses were reduced to 50 and 60 mg/m(2), respectively, in the second group. Two cycles of chemotherapy were repeated every 4 weeks. Split-course thoracic radiotherapy of 2 Gy/day commenced on Day 2 of each chemotherapy cycle, with 28 and 32 Gy administered in the first and second cycles, respectively. RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 were eligible and 48 (16 in the first, 32 in the second group) @entity1 were assessable for response, @entity137 , and survival. The overall response was 83% (95% confidence interval [CI], 70%-93%). Grade 4 @entity1431 , @entity1398 , grade 3 or 4 @entity294 , @entity55 , @entity2910 , and @entity1295 occurred in 21%, 48%, 19%, 10%, and 19%, respectively. The median time to progression was 8.2 months. The median overall survival time and the 2- and 5-year survival rates were 20.1 months, 47.1%, and 17.1%, respectively. In subgroup analysis, grade 4 @entity1398 , grade 3 or 4 @entity294 , the overall response, and the median survival times of the first/second groups were 63%/41%, 19%/19%, 75%/88%, and 13.1/33.4 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This combined modality of @entity2600 and @entity900 with concurrent TRT is active and further investigations are warranted at the second group dose level.

title: XXXX and @entity900 with concurrent split-course radiotherapy in locally advanced @entity1149 : a multiinstitutional phase 2 study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['nonsmall-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['Irinotecan']


abstract: @entity3150 are essential factors for endocytosis in animals and @entity375 . To investigate the @entity5068 structural requirements for @entity375 endocytosis, we created a variety of ergDelta mutants, each accumulating a distinct set of @entity3150 different from @entity12364 . Mutant erg2Deltaerg6Delta and erg3Deltaerg6Delta cells exhibit a strong internalization defect of the alpha-factor receptor ( @entity25220 ). Specific @entity5068 structures are necessary for @entity5681 -dependent receptor hyperphosphorylation, a prerequisite for internalization. The lack of phosphorylation is not due to a defect in @entity25220 localization or in ligand-receptor interaction. Contrary to most known endocytic factors, @entity3150 seem to function in internalization independently of actin. Furthermore, @entity5068 structures are required at a postinternalization step of endocytosis. ergDelta cells were able to take up the membrane marker FM4-64, but exhibited defects in FM4-64 movement through endosomal compartments to the vacuole. Therefore, there are at least two roles for @entity3150 in endocytosis. Based on @entity5068 analysis, the @entity5068 structural requirements for these two processes were different, suggesting that @entity3150 may have distinct functions at different places in the endocytic pathway. Interestingly, @entity5068 structures unable to support endocytosis allowed transport of the @entity4495 -anchored protein @entity62623 from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi compartment.

title: Multiple functions of XXXX in @entity375 endocytosis.

entities_list: @entity12364 :: ('MESH:D004875', 'Chemical') :: ['ergosterol']

entities_list: @entity3150 :: ('MESH:D013261', 'Chemical') :: ['sterols', 'Sterols']

entities_list: @entity4495 :: ('MESH:D017261', 'Chemical') :: ['glycosylphosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity5681 :: ('CHEBI:26013', 'Chemical') :: ['pheromone']

answer: @entity3150 :: (MESH:D013261,Chemical) :: ['sterols']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity349 intoxication is a widespread problem as @entity349 is used in the manufacture of thermometers, batteries and electrical switches. It forms one of the most diffusible environmental pollutants. @entity349 has a nephrotoxic effect which could occur at low exposure levels. @entity1855 could help in the treatment of mercuric @entity137 . The aim of the study was to examine the protective and therapeutic effect of concomitant @entity1855 on chronic @entity3143 nephrotoxicity. This was done through histological, morphometric and transmission electron microscopic studies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty adult male albino @entity35 were used. The @entity35 were divided into a control group and 4 experimental groups: group I ( @entity3143 ), group II (concomitant @entity3143 and @entity1855 ), group III ( @entity3143 withdrawal) and group IV ( @entity3143 withdrawal then @entity1855 treatment). RESULTS: Chronic administration of @entity3143 resulted in cortical nephrotoxic effects in the form of @entity8 , @entity4295 and interstitial inflammatory cellular infiltration which eventually ended in interstitial @entity82 . Concomitant use of @entity1855 with @entity3143 improved the previous pathological changes partially. The findings in group III were less severe compared to group IV. The persistence of the pathological findings in these groups reflects the irreversible nephrotoxic changes caused by chronic @entity3143 exposure. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the concomitant administration of @entity1855 has a much better effect in minimizing the nephrotoxic effect caused by chronic @entity3143 than its therapeutic administration. So, we recommended the prophylactic use of @entity1855 in suspected cases of chronic @entity3143 nephrotoxicity to preserve renal function.

title: Concomitant protective and therapeutic role of XXXX in chronic @entity349 induced nephrotoxicity in the adult @entity35 : histological, morphometric and ultrastructural study.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3143 :: ('MESH:D008627', 'Chemical') :: ['mercuric chloride', 'HgCl2']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['Mercury', 'mercury']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

answer: @entity1855 :: (MESH:D014700,Chemical) :: ['verapamil']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Microscopic transnasal transsphenoidal surgery (MTTS) has been a time-confirmed effective treatment for @entity977 ; however, the data supporting its use in pediatric @entity1 is limited. In this study, the authors summarize the authors' 5-year experience of pituitary adenomectomy via MTTS in a pediatric population. The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 35 @entity1 aged <= 18 years who underwent microscopic transnasal transsphenoidal approach for @entity977 between January 2011 and December 2015. Age, sex, symptoms, @entity5 size, extent of @entity5 resection, surgical outcomes, and complications were reviewed. All @entity1 underwent MTTS 39 times. Total resection was obtained in 31 (88.6%) @entity1 , while subtotal resection was achieved in 4 (11.4%) and no @entity1 had partial resection. For the 21 @entity1 with preoperative @entity227 , 18 (85.7%) resolved and 3 (14.3%) obtained subjective improvement. Of the 33 @entity1 with preoperative hyperhormonal levels, endocrine function reduced to normal reference range in 28 (84.8%), decreased in 3 (9.1%) and 2 (6.1%) @entity1 had no change. @entity2010 occurred in 4 (11.4%) @entity1 , of whom 1 @entity1 (2.9%) developed persistent @entity2010 that was treated with Minirin. One @entity1 incurred @entity86 that was resolved by lumbar drainage. @entity4614 occurred in 3 @entity1 , of whom 1 @entity1 developed permanent @entity4614 that required hormone replacement therapy. There were no @entity1 of @entity204 , intracranial @entity1410 , or @entity693 . In conclusion, MTTS is a safe and effective surgical option for pediatric @entity977 with minimal morbidity and excellent outcomes.

title: Microscopic Transnasal Transsphenoidal Surgery for Pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism', 'Hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes insipidus', 'diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['Pituitary Adenomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the exact incidence of @entity2 , @entity2542 and @entity1143 we decided to carry out an autopsy study. METHODS: In this autopsy study carried out over two years, we compared the results of autopsy findings with the clinical data in accompanying records of the deceased. RESULTS: Among the 708 deceased subjects, there were 398 males and 310 females with a median age of 71 years. At autopsy, 55 @entity2 (BCA) were found, of which 24 have not been identified during life (44%). Among the deceased with BCA, @entity2415 was also observed at autopsy in 40% of the cases. @entity2542 was described macroscopically in 28% of the full set of 708 deceased, whereas the accompanying records of the deceased described this condition in only 12% of the cases. Microscopic changes compatible with @entity2415 were identified in 54% of the examined lungs. @entity1143 were described in the accompanying records of 13% of the deceased, while the autopsies showed this condition in 33% of the deceased. BCA was accompanied by effusion in 25% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results show that the studied conditions are present in more cases than are reported by clinicians. The study confirms the commonly accepted association between @entity2 and @entity2415 .

title: XXXX , @entity2542 and @entity1143 : An autopsy study.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['Pleural effusions', 'pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'cases of lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2542 :: ('MESH:D011656', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary emphysema', 'pulmonary emphysema']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung cancer']


abstract: @entity4021 is one of the world's most important livestock diseases for trade. @entity281 are complex in nature and there are many epidemiological factors needing clarification. Key questions relate to the control challenges and economic impact of the disease for resource-poor @entity4631 endemic countries like Zambia. A review of the control challenges and economic impact of @entity4631 outbreaks in Zambia was made. Information was collected from peer-reviewed journals articles, conference proceedings, unpublished scientific reports, and personal communication with scientists and personal field experiences. The challenges of controlling @entity4631 using mainly vaccination and movement control are discussed. Impacts include @entity393 .6 billion from exports of beef and @entity7543 antelopes and an annual cost of over @entity10479  2.7 million on preventive measures. Further impacts included unquantified losses in production and low investment in agriculture resulting in slow economic growth. @entity4631 persistence may be a result of inadequate epidemiological understanding of the disease and ineffectiveness of the control measures that are being applied. The identified gaps may be considered in the annual appraisal of the @entity4631 national control strategy in order to advance on the progressive control pathway.

title: Challenges and economic implications in the control of XXXX in sub-saharan Africa: lessons from the zambian experience.

entities_list: @entity4021 :: ('MESH:D005536', 'Disease') :: ['Foot and mouth disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['FMD infections']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['losses in income of over US  1']

answer: @entity4021 :: (MESH:D005536,Disease) :: ['foot and mouth disease']


abstract: Dietary @entity6398 may have a protective role against the development of CVD. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of green coffee (GC), rich in @entity13259 , and black coffee (BC) on cardiovascular markers. A randomised pilot crossover study was performed on healthy subjects who consumed both coffees for 2 weeks. We measured anthropometry, blood pressure, and arterial elasticity after each intervention and collected urine samples to monitor antioxidant capacity. Free @entity701 and @entity821 levels were obtained from urine and analysed by specific ELISA methods. Systolic blood pressure (P = 0.018) and arterial elasticity (P = 0.001) were significantly reduced after GC. BMI (P = 0.04 for BC; P = 0.01 for GC) and abdominal fat (P = 0.01 for BC; P = 0.009 for GC) were also significantly reduced with no changes in energy intake. Urinary free @entity701 was significantly reduced from 125.6    85.9   nmol/day to 76.0    54.9   nmol/day following GC and increased to 132.1    89.1   nmol/day after BC. Urinary free @entity821 increased by 18% following BC and 9% following GC (nonsignificant). @entity701 / @entity821 ratio (indicating 11b- @entity26798 activity) was reduced after GC (from 3.5    1.9 to 1.7    1.04, P = 0.002). This suggests that GC can play a role in reducing cardiovascular risk factors. Further research including @entity101 and overweight individuals will now be justified to clarify whether GC could have a therapeutic role in CVD.

title: Consumption of green coffee reduces blood pressure and body composition by influencing 11b- XXXX enzyme activity in healthy individuals: a pilot crossover study using green and black coffee.

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

entities_list: @entity13259 :: ('MESH:D002726', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorogenic acid']

answer: @entity26798 :: (26871,Gene) :: ['HSD1']


abstract: The present study was conducted to determine the effects of @entity9880 (LC) and/or @entity12837 ( @entity6053 ) supplementation on growth performance, blood thyroid hormones and lipid profiles in finishing @entity1707 . A total of 40 (Landrace*Yorkshire) @entity1707 with an initial body weight of 57.93  3.14 kg were randomly allocated to 4 experimental diets using a 2*2 factorial arrangement with 2 LC supplemental levels (0 or 0.1%) and 2 @entity6053 supplemental levels (0 or 0.03%) in basal diets. The results showed that @entity1707 fed LC-supplemented diets increased final live weight, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake compared to those of @entity1707 fed without LC-supplemented diets (p<0.05). Dietary supplementation with @entity6053 did not affect the growth performance and carcass traits of @entity1707 (p>0.05). Additionally, LC supplementation increased serum @entity1954 , @entity1955 levels, and @entity6053 supplementation increased serum @entity1954 levels (p<0.05). Serum total @entity165 and @entity1674 levels were significantly decreased in LC and @entity6053 supplemented groups, respectively (p<0.05). Moreover, serum low density lipoprotein @entity165 levels were lower in the @entity6053 -supplemented groups than those of @entity1707 fed without @entity6053 -supplemented diets (p<0.05). However, no significant LC* @entity6053 interaction effect on growth performance, blood thyroid hormones and lipid profiles was found. This study suggested that dietary supplementation of LC resulted in better growth performance compared to that of @entity6053 supplementation. @entity9880 and/or @entity6053 supplementation positively modified blood lipid profiles, which may have the potential to prevent @entity65 .

title: Effects of Dietary @entity9880 and @entity12837 on Growth Performance, Blood Thyroid Hormones and Lipid Profiles in Finishing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity12837 :: ('MESH:D008063', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-lipoic acid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity9880 :: ('MESH:D002336', 'Chemical') :: ['L-carnosine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['Pigs']


abstract: @entity5900 is common within the US, and no studies exist describing the clinical course of @entity5900 in @entity235 . Almost all treatment decisions regarding those bites are extrapolated from retrospective studies evaluating the clinical course of rattlesnake bites. Because copperheads and rattlesnakes produce venom with different potency, assumptions that treatment of the different envenomations should be similar may be incorrect. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical course of @entity5900 in @entity235 and administered treatments. Medical records of 52 @entity235 treated for @entity5900 were reviewed, and owners were contacted regarding outcome. The most common clinical signs associated with @entity5900 included @entity4 , @entity158 , and ecchymosis. @entity854 (e.g., @entity882 , elevated clotting times, @entity491 ) were mild, and red blood cell morphology changes and @entity1003 were rare. Most @entity235 were treated with antimicrobials, analgesics, and fluid therapy. No @entity235 in this study required the use of antivenin and all survived to discharge. This study found that the clinical course after @entity5900 is generally limited to local rather than @entity262 . @entity5900 in @entity235 is largely self-limiting and responsive to supportive care with hospitalization for monitoring.

title: Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) envenomation of XXXX : 52 cases (2004-2011).

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic illness']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathies']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Clinicopathological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity5900 :: ('MESH:D012909', 'Disease') :: ['Copperhead envenomation', 'copperhead envenomation']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: The acute regulation of steroidogenesis in steroidogenic tissues requires de novo protein synthesis. It is believed that these newly synthesized proteins are instrumental in the delivery of the substrate, @entity165 , to the inner mitochondrial membrane where the @entity165 side-chain cleavage complex converts @entity165 to @entity3333 . A number of studies have attempted to characterize the protein(s) synthesized in response to hormone stimulation and, hence, function in the delivery of @entity165 to the @entity165 side-chain cleavage complex. While a number of potential protein candidates have been described, there is at present no unequivocal evidence which indicates that they are involved in steroidogenic regulation. We and others have described proteins that are induced in a variety of steroidogenic tissues in response to hormone stimulation and are localized in the mitochondria of these tissues. In an attempt to determine whether these induced proteins may be involved in steroidogenesis, we compared mitochondrial protein profiles in two separate @entity5 cell line. One cell line, the MA-10 @entity19 @entity5 cell line, has a very low basal @entity134 production, but synthesizes large amounts of @entity1420 in response to both tropic hormone and @entity268 analog. The other cell line, the R2C @entity35 @entity5 cell line, produces constitutively large amounts of @entity1420 , which cannot be increased further with hormone stimulation. Two-dimensional @entity2975 gel electrophoresis profiles of newly synthesized mitochondrial proteins demonstrated that four 30-kDa proteins are induced in response to hormonal stimulation in MA-10 cells. Further, it was shown that proteins identical to these induced proteins are present constitutively in the mitochondria of R2C cells and cannot be further increased with hormone stimulation. These results strongly suggest that the 30-kDa mitochondrial proteins shown to be induced in several steroidogenic tissues are involved in the acute regulation of @entity134 production.

title: Presence of identical mitochondrial proteins in unstimulated constitutive @entity134 -producing R2C @entity35 XXXX and stimulated nonconstitutive @entity134 -producing MA-10 @entity19 @entity5 cells.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3333 :: ('MESH:D011284', 'Chemical') :: ['pregnenolone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Leydig tumor']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Leydig tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence of @entity1211 in spine surgery with no chemical and mechanical prophylaxis, and to determine the specific risk factors for this complication. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A historical cohort was analysed. All @entity1 subjected to major spinal surgery, between January 2010 and September 2014, were included. No chemical or mechanical prophylaxis was administered in any @entity1 . Active mobilisation of lower limbs was indicated immediately after surgery, and early ambulation started in the first 24-48hours after surgery. Clinically symptomatic cases were confirmed by Doppler ultrasound of the lower limbs or chest CT angiography. RESULTS: A sample of 1092 cases was studied. @entity1031 events were observed in 6 cases (.54%); 3 cases (.27%) with @entity1150 and 3 cases (.27%) with @entity1151 . A lethal case was identified (.09%). There were no cases of major @entity548 or epidural haematoma. The following risk factors were identified: a multilevel fusion at more than 4 levels, surgeries longer than 130minutes, @entity1 older than 70 years of age, @entity101 , and @entity179 . DISCUSSION: There is little scientific evidence on the prevention of @entity1031 events in spinal surgery. In addition to the disparity of prophylactic methods indicated by different specialists, it is important to weigh the risk-benefit of intra- and @entity548 , and even the appearance of an epidural haematoma. Prophylaxis should be assessed in elderly @entity1 over 70 years old, who are subjected to surgeries longer than 130minutes, when 4 or more levels are involved.

title: Incidence and risk factors of XXXX in major spinal surgery with no chemical or mechanical prophylaxis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['Thromboembolic', 'thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this article is to compare the diagnosis of @entity5330 (MM) from a clinical interview with prospective @entity10 diaries in a population-based study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 237 @entity1 with self-reported @entity2704 in at least half of menstruations were interviewed by a neurologist about @entity10 and diagnosed according to the International Classification of @entity2794 II (ICHD II). Additionally, the MM criteria were expanded to include other types of @entity2704 related to menstruation. Subsequently, all @entity1 were asked to complete three month prospective @entity10 diaries. RESULTS: A total of 123 (52%) @entity1 completed both clinical interview and diaries. Thirty-eight @entity1 were excluded from the analyses: Two had incomplete diaries and 36 @entity1 recorded  <=1 menstruation, leaving 85 diaries eligible for analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and Kappa for the diagnosis of MM in clinical interview vs. @entity10 diary were 82%, 83%, 90%, 71% and 0.62 (95% CI 0.45-0.79). Using a broader definition of MM, Kappa was 0.64 (95% CI 0.47-0.83). CONCLUSION: A thorough clinical interview is valid for the diagnosis of MM. When this is undertaken, prospective @entity10 diaries should not be mandatory to diagnose MM but may be necessary to exclude a chance association.

title: A clinical interview versus prospective XXXX diaries in the diagnosis of @entity5330 .

entities_list: @entity5330 :: ('MESH:D020326', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual migraine without aura']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['Headache Disorders']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headache']


abstract: Long-term follow-up studies have demonstrated that effective @entity5 control and long-term @entity5 -free progression rates can be achieved by nephron-sparing surgery. However, hemostasis is a major issue and the lack of effective means of hemostasis has limited a wider use of the laparoscopic approach to nephron-sparing surgery. Between January 2001 and August 2002, a total of 36 @entity1 with @entity1358 were treated by partial nephrectomies using a two-component tissue sealant (FloSeal). The median age was 55.2 years (range: 34-71 years). Follow-up time was 1-18 months (median: 5.5 months). The @entity5 diameter ranged from 2 to 5 cm (median: 2.9 cm). Open retroperitoneal surgery was performed in 17 cases and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in 19 cases. The two-component tissue sealant (consisting of a gelatin matrix with granular and @entity556 components) was applied after resection of the @entity5 and before perfusion of the kidney. The following parameters were recorded: (1) time until complete hemostasis was achieved, (2) decrease in postoperative hemoglobin level, (3) @entity86 , and (4) presence or absence of a perirenal @entity1410 24 h and 10 days postoperatively by ultrasound. After application of the tissue sealant for 1-2 min to the moist resection site, hemostasis was immediate in all cases. During the laparoscopic partial nephrectomies, a laparoscopic applicator was used that avoided wasting the tissue sealant within the dead space of the instrument. When reperfusion of the kidney was established, hemostasis was maintained. The decrease in postoperative hemoglobin level ranged from 0.3 to 1.2 points (median: 0.8 points). None of the @entity1 required blood transfusions. There were no cases of @entity86 . An ultrasound examination 24 h and 10 days postoperatively demonstrated the absence of a significant perirenal @entity1410 . The two-component tissue sealant FloSeal provided immediate and durable hemostasis in open and laparoscopic partial nephrectomies. The tissue sealant may provide a tool to expand the possibilities of laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery.

title: [Improvement of hemostasis in laparoscopic and open partial nephrectomy with gelatin XXXX matrix (FloSeal)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity556 :: (2147,Gene) :: ['thrombin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of blood pressure reduction with @entity1854 on the renal glomerular and tubular actions of atrial natriuretic peptide. DESIGN: Forty-nine healthy subjects were examined in four different groups receiving placebo, @entity1854 alone, atrial natriuretic peptide alone (10 ng/kg per min), or @entity1854 and atrial natriuretic peptide in combination. The infusion rate of @entity1854 was gradually increased until a 10 mmHg decrease in diastolic blood pressure was obtained. METHODS: @entity1091 clearance was used to evaluate segmental tubular reabsorption. RESULTS: In the placebo group neither renal nor hormonal parameters were changed. Except for a fall in urinary flow, @entity1854 alone had no effect on renal parameters. Urinary excretion of @entity8262 ( @entity6708 ) was slightly increased, whereas the plasma @entity6708 level was not changed in response to @entity1854 . The plasma @entity1369 level was elevated during @entity1854 infusion, although neither the plasma @entity2178 level nor the plasma atrial natriuretic peptide level were changed. Atrial natriuretic peptide alone caused an increase in filtration fraction and a decrease in renal plasma flow. Urinary @entity1372 excretion, fractional @entity1372 excretion, and urinary flow were increased, and distal fractional tubular @entity1372 absorption decreased, whereas @entity1091 clearance and proximal fractional tubular re-absorption were not changed by atrial natriuretic peptide. Atrial natriuretic peptide alone caused a decrease in plasma @entity1369 and an increase in plasma and urinary @entity6708 levels. During blood pressure reduction with @entity1854 , atrial natriuretic peptide caused no changes in the renal parameters except for an increase in filtration fraction. Thus, the increase in urinary @entity1372 excretion (-8 versus +37 micromol/min) and the decrease in distal fractional @entity1372 excretion (0.0 versus -2.4%) caused by atrial natriuretic peptide were attenuated. The atrial natriuretic peptide-induced changes in proximal fractional tubular reabsorption (-0.5 versus +0.6%) and @entity6708 were not changed by blood pressure reduction. CONCLUSIONS: Blood pressure reduction causes an attenuation of the natriuretic action of atrial natriuretic peptide in normotensive @entity1 that is at least partly caused by attenuation of the distal tubular action of atrial natriuretic peptide. The results support the hypothesis that the action of atrial natriuretic peptide on distal tubular @entity1372 reabsorption is pressure-dependent in @entity1 .

title: Pressure-dependent distal tubular action of atrial natriuretic peptide in healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity8262 :: ('MESH:D006152', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity1091 :: ('MESH:D008094', 'Chemical') :: ['Lithium', 'lithium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4607 is a rare @entity96 that was first described in 2005. Only nine cases are reported in the literature and all of them originate from Eastern @entity1 populations, specifically Japan and Korea. PRESENTATION OF CASE: Herein we report the occurrence of the tenth @entity4607 reported to date, arising in a Caucasian American @entity1 initially presenting with @entity490 . At 4.7cm this is the second @entity5 reported to date and the only one arising in a Western @entity1 population. DISCUSSION: The @entity1 underwent multimodality imaging and the @entity5 was biopsied preoperatively, but the diagnosis remained unclear. An extended right hepatectomy was performed for resection of her @entity5 , and the @entity5 was definitively diagnosed based on the surgically resected specimen. As all nine of the previously reported cases also underwent resection, the natural history of this lesion remains unknown. The lack of both recurrence and @entity5 spread in the previously reported cases indicates that this may be a benign lesion not requiring surgical resection unless symptomatic. CONCLUSION: @entity4607 is an extremely rare @entity5 . Increased awareness of the radiologic and pathologic features will likely lead to the diagnoses of further cases in both Western and Eastern populations and could potentially assist with preoperative diagnosis. The natural history and optimal management of this @entity5 remain uncertain.

title: XXXX : A report of a rare entity and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'largest tumor']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['Multicystic biliary hamartoma', 'multicystic biliary hamartoma']

answer: @entity4607 :: (MESH:D006222,Disease) :: ['Multicystic biliary hamartoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8424 ( @entity7540 ) @entity8 is a widely studied model of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in the @entity35 , and @entity165 feeding exacerbates the injury induced by @entity7540 . The importance of the interaction of @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ) with the @entity11082 receptor is unclear. We investigated the role of the renin-angiotensin system, particularly with regard to @entity1809 and @entity11082 receptor dynamics, in @entity7540 and @entity165 -mediated @entity8 . METHODS: @entity35 were given a 4% @entity165 diet (group II), subcutaneous @entity7540 (group III), or a 4% @entity165 diet and @entity7540 (group IV) and compared with a control group given @entity7540 vehicle (group I). After 16 weeks, kidneys were harvested and tissue @entity1808 concentration, @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ) activity, and @entity1811 , @entity1809 , and @entity11082 mRNA levels were determined. RESULTS: Compared with control @entity35 , @entity644 was significantly higher in groups II to IV. Kidney @entity1811 activity and @entity1811 mRNA levels in groups III and IV were 2- and 3-fold higher than in groups I and II, respectively. Kidney @entity1808 concentration also was increased in the experimental groups. Whereas kidney @entity1809 mRNA was significantly lower in groups III and IV, kidney @entity11082 mRNA was significantly increased in groups II to IV. CONCLUSION: In these experimental models of @entity8 , there is significant activation of the tissue-based renin-angiotensin system. @entity5808 with and without @entity165 decreased the @entity1809 receptor mRNA and increased the @entity11082 receptor mRNA. Up-regulation of @entity11082 receptors may be important in ameliorating the proliferative effects of @entity1808 , which presumably occur through the @entity1809 receptor.

title: The role of the renin-angiotensin system in XXXX and @entity5808 mediated @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity5808 :: ('MESH:D011691', 'Chemical') :: ['Puromycin']

entities_list: @entity1811 :: ('24310(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'GS', 'glomerular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8424 :: ('MESH:D011692', 'Chemical') :: ['Puromycin aminonucleoside']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: We investigated effects of bone marrow-derived, lineage-negative cell (Lin(-)BMC) transplantation in @entity989 . Lin(-)BMCs were intravitreally injected into @entity19 eyes at 24   h after NaIO3-induced injury. Morphology, function, and expression of apoptosis-related genes, including @entity9140 ( @entity9140 ) and its receptor, were assessed in retinas at 7 days, 28 days, and 3 months after transplantation. Moreover, global gene expression at day 7 was analyzed by RNA arrays. We observed that Lin(-)BMCs integrated into outer retinal layers improving morphological retinal structure and induced molecular changes such as downregulation of proapoptotic @entity185 gene, a decrease in @entity1380 / @entity1379 gene ratio, and significant elevation of @entity9140 expression. Furthermore, transplanted Lin(-)BMCs differentiated locally into cells with a macrophage-like phenotype. Finally, Lin(-)BMCs treatment was associated with generation of two distinct transcriptomic patterns. The first relates to downregulated genes associated with regulation of neuron cell death and apoptosis, response to oxidative stress/ @entity519 and external stimuli, and negative regulation of cell proliferation. The second relates to upregulated genes associated with neurological system processes and sensory perception. Collectively, our data demonstrate that transplanted Lin(-)BMCs exert neuroprotective function against @entity989 and this effect may be associated with their antiapoptotic properties and ability to express neurotrophic factors.

title: Neuroprotective and antiapoptotic activity of lineage-negative bone marrow cells after intravitreal injection in a @entity19 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9140 :: ('12064(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['BDNF', 'brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['acute retinal injury']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['acute retinal injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e20517 Background: In @entity2721 surgery, wide excision is standard and muscle resection is necessary. Most @entity1 with @entity5 have @entity417 and the need to control @entity548 is important to decrease the chance of blood transfusion. Moreover, postoperative effusion into the operative dead space is a cause of @entity86 . In this study, we evaluated the LigaSure Atlas soft tissue sealer/divider for its effects on @entity548 in muscle resections in @entity8650 surgery. METHODS: We analyzed 22 cases of @entity8650 in the thighs of @entity1 who underwent @entity5 resection. Eleven cases were done with the LigaSure Atlas sealer/divider (LSA group), and 11 cases done without it (control group). The LSA group comprised 7 males and 4 females, with a mean age of 60.6 years, while the control group comprised 8 males and 3 females, with a mean age of 61.8 years. RESULTS: The mean postoperative @entity548 volumes were 226.6 ml in the LSA group and 704.1 ml in the control group. No blood transfusions were required in the LSA group, but blood transfusions were needed in two cases in the control group. Postoperative effusion into the operative dead space was observed in 5 cases of the control group, but none in the LSA group. CONCLUSIONS: LigaSure Atlas is significantly effective in control @entity548 and effusion in muscle resection in @entity8650 surgery.

title: Effect of soft tissue sealer/divider in XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity8650 :: ('MESH:D012983', 'Disease') :: ['malignant soft tissue tumors', 'malignant soft tissue tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity2721 :: ('MESH:D018213', 'Disease') :: ['malignant bone and soft tissue tumor']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

answer: @entity8650 :: (MESH:D012983,Disease) :: ['malignant soft tissue tumor']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the accuracy of axillary ultrasound, compared with published literature, identify @entity1 at low risk for @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) involvement, and to determine which clinical, pathological, and imaging findings best predict @entity1600 involvement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From June 2010 to April 2012, 288 @entity1 with @entity1558 that were suspicious of @entity5 (category 4) or malignant (category 5) underwent axillary ultrasound examination. A 3  mm @entity1600 cortical thickness was used as the threshold to prompt @entity400 ( @entity400 ) of the @entity1600 . Data were gathered regarding size, site, and grade of the index @entity1558 and cortical thickness of the @entity1600 . RESULTS: Using a cut-off point of <3  mm versus >= 3  mm, abnormal cortical thickness had a sensitivity and specificity of 56.3% and 86.7%, respectively. @entity0 size was significantly associated with the odds of @entity1600 @entity3 (p<0.001). There were 69 @entity1 with @entity0 of  <=10  mm and 18% had positive axillary LNs. A much higher rate of @entity5 was observed in @entity0 located in multiple sites and in a central location. CONCLUSION: The likelihood of axillary @entity1600 @entity3 increases with cortical thickness >= 3  mm and this concurs with the literature. A low-risk group of @entity1 was identified with screen-detected, low-grade small @entity5 with LNs with a cortical thickness of <3  mm. Additional features other than cortical thickness >3  mm (such as shape [rounding], echogenicity [markedly hypo-echoic cortex], and morphology [hilar compressional displacement, loss of echogenic outer capsule and angular margins]) should be used to indicate @entity400 in @entity1 with a palpable lump, @entity5 , and @entity5 >20  mm.

title: Retrospective preoperative assessment of the axillary lymph nodes in @entity1 with XXXX and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['multiple or central cancers', 'cancers', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['fine-needle aspiration biopsy', 'FNAB']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions', 'breast lesion']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: CONTEXT: Antihypertensive therapy is well established to reduce @entity101 -related morbidity and mortality, but the optimal first-step therapy is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether treatment with a @entity460 channel blocker or an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor lowers the incidence of @entity301 ( @entity301 ) or other @entity65 ( @entity65 ) events vs treatment with a diuretic. DESIGN: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent @entity299 Trial (ALLHAT), a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled clinical trial conducted from February 1994 through March 2002. SETTING AND @entity1 : A total of 33 357 @entity1 aged 55 years or older with @entity101 and at least 1 other @entity301 risk factor from 623 North American centers. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive @entity9804 , 12.5 to 25 mg/d (n = 15 255); @entity3591 , 2.5 to 10 mg/d (n = 9048); or @entity3593 , 10 to 40 mg/d (n = 9054) for planned follow-up of approximately 4 to 8 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was combined fatal @entity301 or nonfatal @entity583 , analyzed by intent-to-treat. Secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality, @entity64 , combined @entity301 (primary outcome, coronary revascularization, or @entity951 with hospitalization), and combined @entity65 (combined @entity301 , @entity64 , treated @entity951 without hospitalization, @entity712 [ @entity712 ], and @entity3657 ). RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 4.9 years. The primary outcome occurred in 2956 @entity1 , with no difference between treatments. Compared with @entity9804 (6-year rate, 11.5%), the relative risks (RRs) were 0.98 (95% CI, 0.90-1.07) for @entity3591 (6-year rate, 11.3%) and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.91-1.08) for @entity3593 (6-year rate, 11.4%). Likewise, all-cause mortality did not differ between groups. Five-year systolic blood pressures were significantly higher in the @entity3591 (0.8 mm Hg, P =.03) and @entity3593 (2 mm Hg, P<.001) groups compared with @entity9804 , and 5-year diastolic blood pressure was significantly lower with @entity3591 (0.8 mm Hg, P<.001). For @entity3591 vs @entity9804 , secondary outcomes were similar except for a higher 6-year rate of @entity712 with @entity3591 (10.2% vs 7.7%; RR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.25-1.52). For @entity3593 vs @entity9804 , @entity3593 had higher 6-year rates of combined @entity65 (33.3% vs 30.9%; RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05-1.16); @entity64 (6.3% vs 5.6%; RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.02-1.30); and @entity712 (8.7% vs 7.7%; RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07-1.31). CONCLUSION: Thiazide-type diuretics are superior in preventing 1 or more major forms of @entity65 and are less expensive. They should be preferred for first-step antihypertensive therapy.

title: Major outcomes in high-risk @entity101 @entity1 randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or XXXX channel blocker vs diuretic: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent @entity299 Trial (ALLHAT).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['lisinopril']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Heart Attack']

entities_list: @entity9804 :: ('MESH:D002752', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorthalidone']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity652 ( @entity652 ) or @entity4648 is a rare, benign @entity5 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated the circumstances of discovery, predisposing factors, and clinical course of seven @entity1 with @entity3040 adenoma diagnosed between 1988 and 2000. The mean age of these @entity1 was 55.7 years (range: 16 to 88 years). The mean follow-up was 24 months (range: 4 to 108 months). RESULTS: There are no specific endoscopic findings and the lesion was sometimes flat or papillary with an appearance that can be identical to that of @entity150 . The diagnosis was always based on histological findings. Suggestive clinical signs were nonspecific and comprised: haematuria, @entity3833 , or urgency. Treatment was surgical with transurethral resection or electrocoagulation of the lesion, combined with elimination of the factors irritating the urothelial mucosa. In our experience, recurrences were observed in 28.5% of @entity1 and occurred during the year following the initial treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity652 is a rare, benign @entity5 most frequently situated in the bladder. The presenting clinical signs are completely nonspecific and usually related to predisposing factors ( @entity281 , @entity32 , @entity150 ). Only histological examination can provide the essential proof of the benign nature of this lesion. Endoscopic resection therefore has two objectives: diagnostic and therapeutic. The clinical course is characterized by recurrences.

title: [Bladder XXXX : circumstances of discovery, predisposing factors, and clinical course in 7 cases diagnosed between 1988 and 2000].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial tumour']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['nephrogenic metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumour']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['Nephrogenic adenoma', 'NA']

entities_list: @entity3040 :: ('MESH:D018500', 'Disease') :: ['nephrogenic']

answer: @entity4648 :: (MESH:D008679,Disease) :: ['nephrogenic metaplasia']


abstract: Importance: Efforts to optimize early @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) in extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) @entity1 to promote growth and development may increase @entity4854 risk. Recent studies have identified an association between early @entity4854 and adverse outcomes in ELBW @entity1 . Objectives: To examine the prevalence of early @entity4854 and clinical outcomes among ELBW @entity1 before (2002-2005) and after (2006-2011) the implementation of an early enhanced @entity3147 protocol and to assess the independent effects of early enhanced @entity3147 and early @entity4854 on mortality. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : Observational cohort study in a level III neonatal intensive care unit. Prospectively collected clinical data in the neonatal intensive care unit's medical database, nutritional information, and blood @entity413 levels were merged for analysis. All ELBW @entity1 born between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2011, without lethal @entity600 and still alive at 12 hours of life were eligible for inclusion in the study. Main Outcomes and Measures: Mortality was the main outcome measure. Severe @entity4854 was defined as 2 consecutive blood @entity413 levels exceeding 216 mg/dL at least 3 hours apart. A multivariable logistic regression model was applied to determine the independent effects of early enhanced @entity3147 and @entity4854 on mortality. Results: In total, 343 @entity1 were included in the study, 129 in a historical comparison group before the enhanced @entity3147 protocol and 214 in the early enhanced @entity3147 group. Baseline characteristics were similar between the study groups. After the introduction of early enhanced @entity3147 , the prevalence of severe @entity4854 during the first week of life was higher in the early enhanced @entity3147 group (11.6% [15 of 129] vs 41.6% [89 of 214], P   <   .001), as was the mortality (10.9% [14 of 129] vs 24.3% [52 of 214], P   =   .003). When adjusting for background characteristics, treatment, and nutritional data, early severe @entity4854 remained a strong independent risk factor for @entity204 (odds ratio, 4.68; 95% CI, 1.82-12.03), together with gestational age (odds ratio, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.49-0.79). Conclusions and Relevance: The implementation of an enhanced @entity3147 protocol was correlated with an increased prevalence of severe @entity4854 and higher mortality. In the multivariable analysis, an enhanced @entity3147 regimen per se was not predictive of mortality, whereas early severe @entity4854 remained strongly predictive of @entity204 . To avoid detrimental effects on outcomes in ELBW @entity1 , the optimal composition of early @entity3147 to avoid postnatal growth failure must be carefully balanced against @entity4854 risk.

title: Early Enhanced Parenteral Nutrition, @entity4854 , and Death Among Extremely Low-Birth-Weight XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['parenteral nutrition', 'PN']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study examined the hypothesis that allelic variants of the ionotropic glutamatergic @entity1024 receptor (NMDAR) are associated with vulnerability to @entity988 and some related traits. METHODS: We investigated the silent @entity65140 and @entity65141 polymorphisms of the @entity6806 and the @entity13069 genes, respectively. The case control study included 367 alcoholic and 335 control subjects of German origin. The family-based study comprised 81 Polish alcoholic @entity1 and their parents using the transmission disequilibrium test. RESULTS: The genotype frequencies of the @entity6806 polymorphism differed significantly between control and alcoholic subjects. This difference was also observed in more homogenous subgroups of alcoholic subjects with vegetative @entity3347 and @entity196 . @entity1 with a history of delirium @entity14935 or @entity410 during withdrawal showed a significantly increased prevalence of the A allele. Genotyping of the @entity13069 polymorphism revealed a significantly reduced T allele in Cloninger type 2 alcoholics and in @entity1 reporting an early onset compared with control subjects. Our family-based study for @entity13069 , revealed a trend to a preferred transmission of the C allele by the fathers, and families with early-onset @entity1 contributed most to this trend. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that variants in NMDAR genes are associated with @entity988 and related traits.

title: Polymorphisms in the @entity1024 receptor 1 and 2B subunits are associated with XXXX -related traits.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['withdrawal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['Cloninger type 1']

answer: @entity988 :: (MESH:D000437,Disease) :: ['alcoholism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To find the psychosocial nature of @entity102 in elderly dependent @entity1 . DESIGN: Transversal, observational study. SETTING: Two urban health districts in Granada and Ja  n, Spain. @entity1 : One hundred five @entity1 included in the Family and Home Care programme for elderly dependent @entity1 . MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The type of @entity102 was analysed through the modified Rolland classification. Types of incapacity, demographic variables and the presence of multi-pathologies were recorded. RESULTS: 47.6% of the 105 @entity1 were between 70 and 79 years old. On their psychosocial nature, 94.2% had some kind of disability, 78% had a gradual start, 61% had a progressive @entity66 , and 63.8% had a possibly fatal prognosis. Psychosocial type B -- incapacitating, gradual start, progressive and possibly fatal -- was the most common (44.7%). CONCLUSION: The study of psychosocial type in elderly dependent @entity1 is an important instrument for the analysis of families with @entity102 within them. Questions relating to its progressive course and the fatal prognosis may have a more determining prognostic weight.

title: [Psychosocial nature of XXXX in the dependent elderly].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['course of disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illnesses', 'chronic illness', 'chronic diseases']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic illnesses']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Xiexin decoction, a herbal therapeutic agent commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine, is recognized for its beneficial effects on @entity2316 exerted through the combined action of multiple components, including Rhizoma Coptidis alkaloids (A), Radix et Rhizoma Rhei polysaccharides (P), and Radix Scutellaria @entity4212 (F). Our previous studies have shown that a combination of A, P, and F (APF) exhibits renoprotective effects against @entity2316 . This study was aimed at determining the effects of APF on renal @entity82 in @entity2316 and elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms. To evaluate the effects of APF, in vivo, db/db @entity6 @entity19 were orally administered a low or high dose of APF (300 or 600 mg/kg, respectively) once a day for 8 weeks. We evaluated the blood and urine indices of metabolic and renal function, renal tissue histopathology, @entity8 , and @entity82 . APF treatment significantly ameliorated @entity413 and lipid metabolism dysfunction, decreased urinary albumin excretion, normalized @entity1011 clearance, and reduced the morphological changes in renal tissue. Additionally, APF administration in db/db @entity6 @entity19 reduced the elevated levels of @entity8 mediators such as @entity8024 , @entity1750 , @entity5 @entity39 factor-a, @entity635 , and active nuclear factor kB (NF-kB). APF treatment also reduced type I and IV collagen, transforming growth factor-b1 ( @entity641 ), and @entity641 type II receptor expression levels, and decreased the phosphorylation of @entity642 in the kidneys of db/db @entity6 @entity19 . These results suggest that APF reduces renal @entity82 in @entity2316 through the NF-kB and @entity641 /Smad signaling pathways. In vitro, APF treatment reduced cell proliferation and protein expression of a-smooth muscle actin, collagen I, @entity641 and NF-kB in mesangial cells cultured with high @entity413 concentrations. Our findings indicate that treatment with multi-component herbal therapeutic formulations may be a useful approach for the treatment of @entity2316 .

title: Combination of Active Components of Xiexin Decoction Ameliorates Renal @entity82 Through the Inhibition of NF-kB and @entity641 /Smad Pathways in db/db @entity6 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1750 :: ('20296(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemotactic protein-1']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity4212 :: ('MESH:D047309', 'Chemical') :: ['flavones']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity8024 :: ('15894(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: Infection with bacterial species belonging to the @entity6402 complex contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ). The majority of isolates recovered from @entity1577 @entity1 belong to @entity7081 and several distinct 'epidemic' strains have been described. This study examined the population structure of @entity7081 by using multilocus restriction typing, indexing allelic variation at five chromosomal genes by restriction analysis of PCR-amplified genes. A collection of 375 isolates, recovered from @entity1577 and non- @entity1577 @entity1 and natural environments in North America, Europe and Australia, was examined. Among these isolates 144 different restriction types were found. Overall, the population is at linkage disequilibrium, indicating that it has a clonal structure. The majority (86.7 %) of restriction types grouped into three major clonal complexes, comprising the epidemic ET12, PHDC and Midwest clonal lineages. The analysis indicates that these complexes are geographically widespread and demonstrate varying degrees of genetic recombination. These differences in population structure among major clonal complexes within the same species are likely related to differences in evolutionary history and ecology. The observation that genetic recombination is frequent within some @entity7081 populations has important implications for the biotechnological use of @entity6402 complex species.

title: Population structure analysis of XXXX : varying degrees of genetic recombination characterize major clonal complexes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6402 :: ('292', 'Species') :: ['B. cepacia', 'Burkholderia cepacia']

entities_list: @entity7081 :: ('95486', 'Species') :: ['B. cepacia genomovar III']

answer: @entity7081 :: (95486,Species) :: ['Burkholderia cepacia genomovar III']


abstract: The methodology of a programme of investigation of @entity302 carried out at a community health level in Nakuru district, Kenya, East Africa, and the characteristics of @entity1 with @entity3173 in this community, are presented. The study identified a group of 302 @entity1 with untreated generalised @entity410 (with or without other @entity410 types) from the general population. Case finding was carried out using the key informant method over a 12-month period. The clinical characteristics of this cohort of @entity1 , the majority of whom had never had previous contact with a formal medical system, is described. Most were young, living in a rural area, with a mean age of @entity410 onset of 14 years and a mean duration of @entity410 of 7 years. Thirty-eight per cent had a clinically evident focal disturbance associated with the @entity410 . In 77% of the cases, no aetiology was established. Most cases had had a substantial number of @entity410 during the course of their condition and only about a third of the @entity1 had less than 1 @entity410 a month in the previous year. Only 26% had ever had previous anti- @entity302 drug treatment. In addition to the medical inquiry, psychological and sociological studies were also conducted and a prospective treatment programme was carried out. Throughout the study, strict definitions and standardised instruments were used, and the study was the result of a collaboration between local investigators, an international neurological team, the Kenyan Government agencies and the pharmaceutical industry. We consider this a model for community-based investigations for the management of @entity302 in developing countries.

title: A comprehensive XXXX programme: the Nakuru project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3173 :: ('MESH:D004830', 'Disease') :: ['tonic-clonic epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['community epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) biopsy is a new standard of care for @entity1 with @entity0 , and allows enhanced pathologic analysis with serial sections and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for cytokeratins to be performed on a routine basis. However, the significance of @entity1600 micrometastases detected only by IHC is uncertain. Are these @entity5 cells truly markers of metastatic potential, or simply evidence of passive displacement by preoperative instrumentation of the @entity5 site? Here we evaluate whether the pattern of @entity1600 @entity3 in @entity0 is related to the degree of manipulation at biopsy before surgery, independently of other known predictors. METHODS: Among 4016 consecutive eligible @entity1 with @entity0 registered in a prospective @entity1600 database at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, we noted @entity1 / @entity5 characteristics, pathologic status of the @entity1600 (negative, positive by @entity1710 and @entity1711 [H_E], or positive only on IHC), and method of previous biopsy (none, fine-needle aspiration biopsy [FNAB], core needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy). RESULTS: Multivariate analysis showed that the likelihood of an H_E-positive @entity1600 was significantly associated with @entity3 , @entity5 size, @entity5 type, and @entity5 location, but not with the method of biopsy. In contrast, the likelihood of finding an @entity1600 positive only on IHC was unassociated with any of the four variables above, but was significantly associated with the method of biopsy. After no previous biopsy, FNAB, core needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy, IHC-positive @entity1600 were present in 1.2%, 3.0%, 3.8%, and 4.6% of @entity1 , respectively (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the frequency of IHC-positive @entity1600 in @entity1 with @entity0 1) is unrelated to conventional predictors of lymph node positivity, 2) is increased after instrumentation of the @entity5 site, and 3) is increased approximately proportionate to the degree of manipulation. A proportion of IHC-positive @entity1600 were present before biopsy and therefore less likely to be artifactual.

title: Immunohistochemically detected @entity5 cells in the sentinel lymph nodes of @entity1 with XXXX : biologic @entity3 or procedural artifact?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['Sentinel lymph node', 'SLN']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'lymphovascular invasion']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical course and treatment in @entity1 with @entity189 of temporal bone MATERIAL AND METHOD: The authors retrospectively reviewed the @entity1 treated for @entity189 of temporal bone in Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery department, at Songklanagarind Hospital between 2002 and 2013. Thirty-two @entity1 , including 10 @entity5 ofpinna and 22 @entity189 of the External Auditory Canal (EAC), were included in this study. The treatment modality was lateral temporal bone resection and postoperative radiotherapy and palliative radiotherapy for advanced stage @entity5 (T4). Twelve @entity1 were excluded due to difference in modality. Twenty @entity1 remained in the study. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 had @entity189 of EAC, early stage (T1, T2) 36.4% and late stage (T3, T4) 63.6%. The overall survival of this group was 46.9%. The median survival period was 22 months (0.286-0.769, 95% CI). CONCLUSION: The complete resection is the treatment of choice in primary @entity3478 . Postoperative radiotherapy for a microscopic @entity41 is highly recommended. The most important thing is early diagnosis.

title: XXXX of temporal bone in Songklanagarind Hospital: management and results.

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of temporal bone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['primary carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Malignant tumors']