abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1 population derived from @entity2 screening programs with low-dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT) is different from the general population accessing thoracic surgical services. METHODS: Retrospective review of all surgical cases in the @entity57741 trial, a randomized study of @entity2 screening with LDCT. @entity1 characteristics, workup, procedures, resections for benign disease, complications, @entity5 features, and final outcomes have been analyzed in the LDCT and in the control arm. RESULTS: In the LDCT arm, 77 suspicious lesions were surgically managed in 72 @entity1 . A benign lesion was diagnosed in 17 cases (22%). Major video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery resection was carried out in five @entity2 cases (7%) and segmentectomy in 11 (19%). Complete resection was achieved in 93%, and stage I rate was 73%. Two @entity1 had a local recurrence after open lobectomy, and three had a resectable new primary. In the control group, 28 @entity1 underwent 31 surgical procedures, in five cases (16%) for benign lesions. No major video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery resections were carried out. Resectability rate was 88%, and stage I rate was 52%. Five @entity1 had a local recurrence and two had a second primary. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery for benign lesions is a relevant issue in screening-derived @entity1 . Local control may be achieved by minimally invasive techniques or segmentectomy; however, developing the necessary skills requires an effort by the surgical team. Long-term survivors have a noticeable chance of developing second @entity5 or resectable recurrences and may benefit from a second resection.

title: Surgical procedures in the XXXX trial, a randomized study of @entity2 early detection with spiral computed tomography: comparative analysis in the screening and control arm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary cancers']

answer: @entity57741 :: (199699,Gene) :: ['DANTE']


abstract: The authors reviewed 65 Insall-Burstein (Zimmer, Warsaw, IN) total condylar posterior-stabilized knee prostheses in 50 @entity1 with @entity309 with a follow-up period of at least 5 years (range, 5-13 years). Forty-two knees in 31 @entity1 were evaluated using the Knee Society knee and functional rating scores. Radiographic assessment was performed using standing long radiographs (hip to ankle). Radiolucent lines were studied using fluoroscopic-centered views. Excellent or good clinical results were obtained in 95% of the cases, and the average knee score improved from 22.5 to 90 points. No cases of radiologic loosening were observed. Incomplete radiolucent lines around the tibial component were detected in only 17% and were nonprogressive. Two @entity1 developed @entity281 , which required removal of the prosthesis in both, followed, at a second stage, by arthrodesis in one and prosthesis reimplantation in the other. Three knees (7%) had a painful @entity5818 . Two of these were successfully reoperated with arthroscopic debridement of the peripatellar synovial tissues. Survivorship analysis, based on endpoints such as prosthesis removal for any cause or radiologic loosening (complete radiolucent line thicker than 1 mm, tilt, or subsidence of the component), showed a cumulative success rate of 96.2% at 13 years.

title: Insall-Burstein posterior-stabilized knee prosthesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['hematogenous late deep infection']

entities_list: @entity5818 :: ('MESH:D019534', 'Disease') :: ['impingement of the patella']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Macromolecular gelatin- @entity1499 conjugates have potential therapeutic advantages over the free drug. Conjugates with @entity1500 :gelatin molar ratios (MR) ranging from 1:1 to 27:1 were examined for cell growth inhibition, stability, degradation, and @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) release. Conjugate growth inhibition was less than that of free @entity1500 whose IC(50) value of 1.3 x 10(-8) M was about 10-fold less. Cell uptake of @entity941 labeled gelatin (145 kD) was observed by 24-30 h. Higher MR conjugates produced less growth inhibition, measurably greater stability at pH 7.4 based on @entity1500 release, and had less gelatin degradation in the conjugate by the lysosomal enzyme @entity467 ( @entity467 ) compared to low MR conjugates. @entity467 conjugate degradation was greater at the in vitro lysosomal pH of 4.8 than the intra-tumor pH of 6.5. The presence of @entity467 did not meaningfully affect @entity1500 release, but less @entity1500 was released at pH 4.8 than pH 6.5. The maximum @entity1500 release was a relatively low 7% after 72 h at pH 6.5 for the low MR conjugate. Low molecular weight conjugate fragments were also produced and were also influenced by pH and MR. Reduced growth inhibition by high MR conjugates may be due to a hindered enzymatic degradation in the lysosomes. A strong peptide conjugate bond at lysosomal pH and a 24-30 h delayed gelatin uptake may contribute to reduced growth inhibition of the conjugate compared to free @entity1500 . @entity1500 release under these in vitro conditions occurs by aqueous hydrolysis, not by @entity467 cleavage of the conjugate bond.

title: Growth inhibition, drug load, and degradation studies of gelatin/ XXXX conjugates.

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: We sought temporal trends in the demographic, clinical, histologic feature, diagnostic class, and quality of life data over the interval 1930-1979 in the @entity1313 Consortium database. The proportion of @entity1 younger than eight years old declined from 72% to 55% and the proportion of those older than ten more than doubled from 12% to 27%. The relative frequency of @entity5 in the supratentorial compartment increased significantly, while @entity5 decreased. We found significant declines in @entity424 and @entity816 . Similarly, some @entity5 , @entity424 , @entity3308 increased. @entity2946 (primitive @entity4969 ) increased significantly. Some individual histologic features which are markers of @entity4575 increased in frequency in both supratentorial and @entity5 . There was a significant increase in biopsies that contained nonneoplastic neural tissue in addition to @entity5 for both compartments and among @entity5 there was a marked increase in the proportion of cases containing an indistinct neural tissue boundary. The probability of @entity204 declined, but the probability of survival five or ten years after surgery did not improve significantly for @entity1 who had @entity5 in either compartment. Among @entity1 who survived five years after the initial craniotomy, the proportion who had significant long term deficits increased. Most of this increase occurred in the last decade (1970-79). In this decade, the proportion of @entity1 for whom no deficits were reported five years following operation was 4% if they had a @entity5 and 27% if they had an @entity5 . The proportions of @entity1 alive five years following first surgery who had arachnoidal metastases increased significantly for @entity5 .

title: Temporal trends among XXXX biopsies. The @entity1313 Consortium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3308 :: ('MESH:D020295', 'Disease') :: ['decreased and brain stem tumors']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['especially ependymomas', 'supratentorial ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['Childhood Brain Tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'supratentorial tumors', 'infratentorial tumor', 'supratentorial tumor', 'infratentorial tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4969 :: ('MESH:D017599', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectodermal tumor']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['pilocytic astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity4575 :: ('MESH:D000708', 'Disease') :: ['anaplasia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['Infratentorial medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['childhood brain tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity61133 (ANA), a minor @entity286 alkaloid found in the Solanaceae family of plants, may exhibit anti-inflammatory activity, which may be useful to aid in recovery from exercise-induced @entity121 . The purpose of this study, therefore, was to examine the effects of ANA supplementation on the recovery of isometric strength and selected non-invasive indicators of @entity121 . METHODS: A double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover design was used to study eighteen @entity1 (mean        SD age   =   22.2        3.1  yrs; body mass   =   80.3        15.7  kg) who participated in two randomly-ordered conditions separated by a washout period. The ANA condition consisted of consuming 6-12  mg anatabine per day for 10  days, while testing took place during days 7-10. The placebo (PLA) condition was identical except that the @entity1989 supplement contained no ANA. Maximal voluntary isometric peak torque (PT) of the forearm flexors, arm circumference, hanging joint angle, and subjective @entity158 ratings were measured before (PRE), immediately after (POST), and 24, 48, and 72  h after six sets of 10 maximal, eccentric isokinetic forearm flexion muscle actions. Resting heart rate and blood pressure were measured at PRE and 72  h in each condition. RESULTS: For PT, hanging joint angle, arm circumference, and subjective @entity158 ratings, there were no condition x time (p   >   0.05) interactions, there were no main effects for condition (p   >   0.05), but there were main effects for time (p   <   0.001). There were no condition x time (p   >   0.05) interactions and no main effects for condition (p   >   0.05) or time (p   >   0.05) for blood pressure or resting heart rate. CONCLUSIONS: ANA supplementation had no effect on the recovery of muscle strength, hanging joint angle, arm swelling, or subjective @entity158 ratings after a bout of maximal eccentric exercise in the forearm flexors. Therefore, ANA may not be beneficial for those seeking to improve recovery from heavy eccentric exercise. Future studies should examine the effects of ANA on the pro-inflammatory cytokine responses to exercise-induced @entity121 and the chronic low-grade @entity32 observed in @entity28 and elderly individuals.

title: The effects of @entity61133 on non-invasive indicators of XXXX : a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.

entities_list: @entity61133 :: ('MESH:C012737', 'Chemical') :: ['Anatabine']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle damage']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle damage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical efficacy of endovascular treatment for lower extremity @entity14674 . METHODS: A total of 34 @entity1 (43 limbs) with lower extremity @entity14674 undergoing endovascular treatment from July 2010 to July 2012 were analyzed. The cohort had Fontaine stage II b (n = 16), Fontaine stage III (n = 10) and Fontaine stage III (n = 8). Among them, the lesions were of TASC IIA (n = 4), TASC IIB (n = 8), TASC IIC (n = 9) and TASC IID (n = 13). All @entity1 underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) plus stents after computed tomographic angiography (CTA) or digital subtraction angiography (DSA). And 9 @entity1 underwent femoral endarterectomy associated with endovascular treatment. RESULTS: The success rate of this technique was 100%. One iliac artery ruptured during endovascular surgery. One @entity1 suffered intraoperatively from arterial perforation. One @entity1 was amputated one week later. One @entity1 had in-stent @entity715 at Week 3 post-treatment. One @entity1 was amputated at Week 4 after endovascular treatment. Thirty @entity1 (38 limbs) were followed up for 13.3 months. During the follow-up, 3, 4 and 4 limbs became occluded at Month 6, 12 and 24 post-treatment respectively. CONCLUSION: Endovascular treatment has an excellent early patency rate. Special issues should be properly handled during endovascular treatment.

title: [Special issues in endovascular treatment of lower extremities XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity14674 :: ('MESH:D001162', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis obliterans']

answer: @entity14674 :: (MESH:D001162,Disease) :: ['arteriosclerosis obliterans']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness and correction with posterior multilevel @entity3574 in severe and rigid curves without anterior release. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: For the correction of severe and rigid scoliotic curve, anterior-posterior combined or posterior vertebral column resection (PVCR) procedures are used. Anterior procedure might compromise pulmonary functions, and PVCR might carry risk of @entity16 . Therefore, authors developed a new technique, which reduces both. METHODS: Thirteen neuromuscular @entity1 (7 cerebral palsy, 2 @entity1555 , and 4 @entity2057 ) who had rigid curve >100 degrees were prospectively selected. All were operated with posterior-only approach using pedicle screw construct. To achieve desired correction, posterior multilevel @entity3574 were performed at 3 to 5 levels (apex, and 1-2 levels above and below apex) through partial laminotomy sites connecting from concave to convex side, just above the pedicle; and repeated cantilever manipulation was applied over temporary short-segment fixation, above and below the apex, on convex side. On concave side, rod was assembled with screws and rod-derotation maneuver was performed. Finally, short-segment fixation on convex side was replaced with full-length construct. Intraoperative MEP monitoring was applied in all. RESULTS: Mean age was 21 years and average follow-up was 25 months. Average preoperative flexibility was 20.3% (24.1 degrees). Average Cobb's angle, @entity530 , and @entity717 were 118.2 degrees, 16.7 degrees, and 57 degrees preoperatively, respectively, and 48.8 degrees, 8 degrees, and 43 degrees after surgery showing significant correction of 59.4%, 46.1%, and 24.5%. Average number of osteotomy level was 4.2 and average @entity190 was 3356 +/- 884 mL. Mean operation time was 330 +/- 46 minutes. None of the @entity1 required postoperative ventilator support or displayed any signs of @entity16 during or after the operation. CONCLUSION: This technique should be recommended because (1) it provides release of anterior column without anterior approach and (2) our results supports its superiority as a technique.

title: Posterior multilevel XXXX for correction of severe and rigid neuromuscular scoliosis: a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic injuries', 'neurologic or vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity3574 :: ('OMIM:277300', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral osteotomies', 'vertebral osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic obliquity']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['apical rotation']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['spinal muscular atrophy']

answer: @entity3574 :: (OMIM:277300,Disease) :: ['vertebral osteotomy']


abstract: An adult female @entity8155 ( @entity8155 ) was transported to the Port of Nagoya public aquarium in June 2010. While the animal was being maintained in the aquarium there was a gradual decrease in body weight. On October 1st, 2010 the whale exhibited signs of @entity344 and died on January 14th, 2011. At necropsy examination the gastric compartments were filled with a large number of variably-sized rocks (total weight 81.4  kg) and there was marked ulceration in the third compartment. There were multifocal tubercle-like nodules within the lungs and on sectioning there were numerous abscesses and pulmonary cavities. Microscopically, there was severe suppurative @entity55 associated with fungal hyphae that were infrequently septate and often branched. Numerous bacterial colonies were also present. The hyphae demonstrated immunohistochemical cross-reactivity with Rhizomucor spp. and Cunninghamella bertholletiae was cultured. Bacteriological culture revealed the presence of @entity5609 , @entity796 and @entity796 oryzihabitans. This case represents the first documentation of @entity13296 associated with C. bertholletiae in a marine @entity1 .

title: Pulmonary zygomycosis with Cunninghamella bertholletiae in a XXXX ( @entity8155 ).

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Pseudomonas']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity13296 :: ('MESH:D020096', 'Disease') :: ['zygomycosis']

entities_list: @entity5609 :: ('584', 'Species') :: ['Proteus mirabilis']

entities_list: @entity8155 :: ('9733', 'Species') :: ['Orcinus orca', 'killer whale']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease']

answer: @entity8155 :: (9733,Species) :: ['killer whale']


abstract: We determined the incidence of severe @entity548 from @entity19789 ( @entity19789 ) after myeloablative hematopoietic cell transplant and the outcomes after treatment with endoscopic @entity3278 :YAG laser photocoagulation. From 1992 to 2005, the incidence of severe @entity548 from @entity19789 was 6/4491 (0.13%). All @entity1 had received oral @entity1863 and four had @entity5501 . @entity360 began a median of 53 days after transplant (range 15-2952). After @entity19789 was diagnosed by endoscopic and histologic findings, a median of three (range 2-7) sessions of laser therapy were required to control the @entity548 with a median of 2737 J (range 1117-6160 J) per session. A median of 16 units (range 4-44) had been transfused prior to laser therapy and a median of four additional units (range 0-113) were transfused until @entity548 was controlled. All @entity1 were followed for at least 70 days after the last laser therapy session, with no further episodes of @entity548 . Complications were mild and included @entity490 and asymptomatic @entity1066 ; however, one @entity1 required gastrectomy due to @entity39 following transarterial embolizations. In summary, severe @entity548 from @entity19789 is rare following hematopoietic cell transplant. Treatment with endoscopic therapy using the Nd:YAG laser is safe and effective.

title: Efficacy of @entity3278 :YAG laser therapy for XXXX ( @entity19789 ) following hematopoietic cell transplant.

entities_list: @entity3278 :: ('MESH:D009354', 'Chemical') :: ['neodymium']

entities_list: @entity19789 :: ('MESH:D020252', 'Disease') :: ['GAVE', 'gastric antral vascular ectasia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['gastric necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['sinusoidal obstruction syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity19789 :: (MESH:D020252,Disease) :: ['gastric antral vascular ectasia']


abstract: Microscale processing techniques are rapidly emerging as a cost- effective means for parallel experimentation and hence the evaluation of large libraries of recombinant biocatalysts. In this work, the potential of an automated microscale process is demonstrated in a linked sequence of operations comprising fermentation, enzyme induction and bioconversion using three whole-cell biocatalysts each expressing @entity32046 monoxygenase (CHMO). The biocatalysts, @entity526 TOP 10 [pQR239], @entity526 JM107 and @entity2364 NCIMB 9871, were first produced in 96-deep square well fermentations at various @entity505 source concentrations (10 and 20 g L(-1) @entity653 ). Following induction of CHMO activity biomass concentrations of up to 6 gDCW L(-1) were obtained. Cells from each fermentation were subsequently used for the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of @entity57661 , @entity32046 and @entity27908 . Each bioconversion was performed at two initial substrate concentrations (0.5 and 1.0 g L(-1)) in order to simultaneously explore both substrate specificity and inhibition. The microscale process sequences yielded quantitative and reproducible data for each biocatalyst on maximum growth rate, biomass yield, initial rate of @entity13629 formation, specific biocatalyst activity and bioconversion yield. @entity526 TOP 10 [pQR239] was demonstrated to be an efficient biocatalyst showing substrate specificities and substrate inhibition effects in line with previous studies. Finally, in order to show that the data obtained with @entity526 TOP 10 [pQR239] at microwell scale (1,000 microL) could be related to larger scales of operation, the process was performed in a 2-L stirred-tank bioreactor. Using conditions designed to enable microwell kinetic measurements under none @entity26 -limited conditions, the fermentation and bioconversion data obtained at the two scales showed good quantitative agreement. This study therefore confirms the potential of automated microscale experimentation for the whole-process evaluation of recombinant biocatalyst libraries and the specification of pilot and process scale operating conditions.

title: Microscale process evaluation of recombinant biocatalyst libraries: application to Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase catalysed XXXX synthesis.

entities_list: @entity27908 :: ('MESH:C007201', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclopentanone']

entities_list: @entity2364 :: ('471', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter calcoaceticus']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity32046 :: ('MESH:C036468', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclohexanone']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity13629 :: (CHEBI:25000,Chemical) :: ['lactone']


abstract: PURPOSE: It remains controversial whether chromocolonoscopy using @entity654 increases the detection of @entity1127 . We aimed to assess the impact of @entity654 dye spray on the detection rate of @entity652 and the feasibility of learning the technique in a Western practice. METHODS: 400 @entity1 were prospectively allocated into 2 groups; A (n = 200): @entity654 chromocolonoscopy was performed by a Japanese colonoscopist with expertise in chromoscopy; B (n = 200): initial 100 @entity1 ( @entity12950 ), a Western colonoscopist with no previous experience of chromoscopy performed conventional colonoscopy, but with at least 10 min observation during colonoscopy withdrawal. In the next 100 @entity1 ( @entity4400 ), he performed chromocolonoscopy. All @entity1127 found were resected. Regression analysis was used to compare the numbers of @entity1127 detected in groups A, @entity15876 , whilst controlling for gender, age, indication and history of @entity14 . RESULTS: There were significant differences in the numbers of @entity1127 and flat @entity652 between groups A and @entity12950 as well as between @entity15876 , but not between A and @entity4400 . There was no significant difference in numbers of @entity1442 . Chromocolonoscopy (A and @entity4400 ) detected more @entity1127 of <or=5 mm. CONCLUSION: Chromocolonoscopy increases the detection of @entity1127 and flat @entity652 , particularly diminutive @entity1127 , but does not increase the detection of @entity1442 .

title: The use of XXXX spray increases the colonoscopic detection rate of @entity652 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal polyps', 'polyps', 'neoplastic polyps']

entities_list: @entity654 :: ('MESH:D007203', 'Chemical') :: ['indigocarmine']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced lesions']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity654 :: (MESH:D007203,Chemical) :: ['indigocarmine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Restricted and @entity146 are a core feature of @entity72 . This descriptive study documented the presence of restricted and @entity146 in 85 toddlers with @entity72 as they interacted with their caregiver in a play interaction. For each @entity1 restricted and repetitive behavior, a caregiver response/non-response was coded. Caregiver responses were rated as successful or unsuccessful. In all, 83 toddlers demonstrated at least one restricted and repetitive behavior in 10   min. The most common @entity1 restricted and repetitive behavior was repetitive object use with 72 @entity1 displaying at least one instance of this category of restricted and repetitive behavior. Overall, caregivers responded to fewer than half of their @entity1 's restricted and @entity146 , and caregiver response varied by @entity1 restricted and repetitive behavior type. The most common response was redirection. Success varied by @entity1 restricted and repetitive behavior type and caregiver response-redirections were most successful for @entity1 verbal and motor restricted and @entity146 , whereas physical or verbal responses were rated more successful for repetitive object use and visual restricted and @entity146 . This study represents the first attempt to characterize how caregivers respond to restricted and @entity146 . Toddlers with @entity72 are already demonstrating a variety of restricted and @entity146 within the context of a free play sessions, and caregivers differentially and naturally respond to them.

title: Characterizing caregiver responses to restricted and XXXX in toddlers with @entity72 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['repetitive behaviors']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['repetitive behaviors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) is associated with multiple adverse childhood outcomes including externalizing behaviors. However, the association between MSDP and internalizing ( @entity148 and @entity308 ) behaviors in offspring has received less investigation. We aimed to assess the association between MSDP and childhood internalizing ( @entity148 and @entity308 ) behaviors in a very large, well-characterized cohort study. METHODS: We assessed the association between MSDP and internalizing behaviors in offspring utilizing information drawn from 90,040 mother- @entity1 pairs enrolled in the Norwegian Mother and @entity1 Cohort Study. Mothers reported smoking information, including status and frequency of smoking, twice during pregnancy. Mothers also reported their @entity1 's internalizing behaviors at 18  months, 36  months, and 5  years. Associations between MSDP and childhood internalizing behaviors, including dose-response and timing of smoking in pregnancy, were assessed at each time point. RESULTS: MSDP was associated with increased internalizing behaviors when offspring were aged 18  months (B   =   0.11, P <0.001) and 36  months (B   =   0.06, P <0.01), adjusting for numerous potential confounders. Higher rates of smoking (e.g., >20 cigarettes per day) were associated with higher levels of internalizing behaviors. Maternal smoking during early pregnancy appeared to be the critical period for exposure. CONCLUSIONS: We found evidence supporting a potential role for MSDP in increasing internalizing ( @entity148 and @entity308 ) behaviors in offspring. We also found evidence supportive of a possible causal relationship, including dose-dependency and support for a predominant role of early pregnancy exposure. Further investigation utilizing genetically informed designs are warranted to assess this association.

title: The impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy on @entity308 and anxiety behaviors in @entity1 : the Norwegian Mother and XXXX Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Child']


abstract: In order to compare the effects of total @entity2922 (CA) or @entity1063 (NA) depletions on cholinergic systems, and the mechanisms of receptor regulation in various brain regions, the regional changes in the levels of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ), M1-receptor (M1-R) binding, and M1-R messenger RNA (mRNA) were mainly examined in @entity35 which had received either repeated @entity2515 treatment or a single injection of the selective noradrenergic neurotoxin @entity25410 ( @entity25410 ). The levels of @entity935 (DA), its metabolites, NA, binding to both D1 and D2 sites, and the mRNA encoding the D2 receptor were also measured. Administration of @entity2515 (0.5 mg/kg/day, s.c.) for 2, 7 and 14 days depleted DA and NA in virtually all brain regions, while the short-term treatment increased DA metabolites in the striatum (at 2 days) and basal forebrain (at both 2 and 7 days). Administration of @entity25410 (50 mg/kg, i.p.) resulted in a specific loss of NA in the brain 10 days after the injection. These @entity25410 treated @entity35 showed no change in the levels of @entity1617 or M1-R except for an increase in @entity1617 in the frontal cortex. In contrast, numerous changes in cholinergic indices were seen in the @entity2515 treated groups, and these changes varied from region to region of brain and with the length of drug treatment. In the striatum, @entity1617 levels were increased in @entity35 treated for 2 or 7 days but were normal after 14 days. M1-Rs were decreased at 14 days. These changes suggest that striatal DA, initially released by @entity2515 , inhibits the release of @entity1617 from striatal cholinergic interneurons, while prolonged depletion of DA relieves this inhibition, leading to a subsequent down-regulation of M1-Rs. In the frontal cortex, @entity1617 and M1-R levels were all decreased by @entity2515 treatment for 2 or 7 days, and the M1-Rs remained @entity308 at 14 days. In the basal forebrain, which contains the cholinergic cells that project to the cortex, DA metabolism was increased by 2 or 7 day @entity2515 treatment. This increased DAergic activity in the basal forebrain may facilitate cholinergic neurons, causing increased release of @entity1617 in the frontal cortex. This, in turn, may lead to a down-regulation of the M1-Rs in that region. The levels of mRNAs encoding M1-Rs were increased in the striatum and frontal cortex by @entity2515 treatment, despite the decreases in the M1-Rs themselves.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Effects of chronic XXXX depletions on muscarinic M1-receptor and its mRNA in @entity35 brain.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

entities_list: @entity25410 :: ('MESH:C012102', 'Chemical') :: ['DSP-4', 'N-2-chloroethyl-N-ethyl-2-bromo-benzylamine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity2922 :: (CHEBI:33567,Chemical) :: ['catecholamine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In 2005, @entity24448 Hauser published a paper in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology entitled "The growing mismatch between @entity1 longevity and the service life of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators". Now, nearly a decade later, I would like to perform a second look on the problem of a mismatching between @entity1479 device service life and the survival of @entity1479 recipients. Since 2005, the demographics of the @entity1479 population has changed significantly. Primary prevention has become the dominant indication in defibrillator therapy and device implantation is indicated more and more in earlier stages of @entity299 . In former larger scale @entity1479 trials, the @entity1 average 5-year survival probability was in a range of 68-71  %; in newer CRT-D trials in a range of 72-88  %. Due to a progressively widened @entity1479 indication and implantation preferentially performed in @entity1 with better life expectancy, the problem of inadequate device service life is of growing importance. The early days of defibrillator therapy started with a generator volume of 145 ccm and a device service life <18 months. In this early period, the device miniaturization and extension of service life were similar challenges for the technicians. Today, we have reached a formerly unexpected extent of device miniaturization. However, technologic improvements were often preferentially translated in further device miniaturization and not in prolonging device service life. In his analysis, @entity24448 Hauser reported a prolonged device service life of 2.3  years in @entity1479 models with a larger battery capacity of 0.54 up to 0.69  Ah. Between 2008 and 2014, several studies had been published on the problem of @entity1479 longevity in clinical scenarios. These analyses included "older" and currently used single chamber, dual chamber and CRT devices. The reported average 5-year device service life ranged from 0 to 75  %. Assuming today technology, larger battery capacities will only result in minimal increase in device volume. Selected @entity1479 @entity1 may further benefit from device miniaturization-but the vast majority may much more benefit from a significant prolongation in device service life. All published cost-effectiveness analyses in @entity1479 therapy show that device costs and device service life are the dominant determinants of the results. The performed "second look-nearly a decade later" revealed that there are still relevant limitations regarding the device service life in current defibrillator therapy. Technical improvements were preferentially transformed into device miniaturization but not into prolonging device service life. But this optimization is strongly enforced. The most feasible solution might be the use of device batteries with larger capacities. The economic burden, mainly caused by non-adequate device service life, may limit the future realization of @entity1479 therapy in a progressively growing @entity1 population. In the former years, physicians and device manufacturers have ignored the @entity1 perspective in defibrillator therapy. However, it is the @entity1 viewpoint that prolonged device service life is much more important than smaller generator size.

title: The mismatch between XXXX life expectancy and the service life of implantable devices in current cardioverter-defibrillator therapy: a call for larger device batteries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Seventy @entity1 aged 6 years (34 @entity1 , 36 @entity1 ) were studied for cardiovascular risk factors. Among the @entity1 40 had also been investigated at birth. The aim of the study was to determine changes in serum lipoprotein parameters from birth up to preschool age and to assess the role of some relevant factors that might affect the process. An obvious association was found between serum apolipoprotein (apo) B levels, the @entity755 / @entity1675 ratio and @entity3452 ( @entity3452 ) levels at birth and at 6 years of age (r = 0.43; p<0.05, r = 0.73; p<0.0001 and r = 0.81; p<0.0001, respectively). Thirty percent of @entity1 who were in the top quartile by @entity755 or total @entity165 levels and 66.7% of those in this quartile by @entity755 / @entity1675 ratio at birth remained in the top quartiles also in the follow-up study. The significantly higher @entity755 / @entity1675 ratio in newborns and the @entity755 / @entity1675 and @entity755 values in the 6-year-old @entity1 were observed in the carrier @entity2204 isoform as compared to E3 homozygotes. A significant influence of @entity2204 polymorphism on serum @entity755 / @entity1675 ratio and @entity755 level in preschool @entity1 was confirmed by ANOVA one-way analysis of variance. In a multiple regression analysis from all the studied factors, the independent determinants of @entity755 level in preschool age were @entity2204 phenotype, gestational age and Apgar score in the first minute of life. Thus, tracking of serum @entity3452 , @entity755 , @entity755 / @entity1675 ratio and total @entity165 levels from birth up to 6 years of age was demonstrated. The association between @entity2204 polymorphism and serum lipoprotein parameters became more obvious after the first 6 years of life.

title: Serum lipid and apolipoprotein profiles in newborns and six-year-old XXXX : the Tallinn Young Family Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity2946 is the most frequent @entity1313 . The purpose of this study was to define imaging characteristics and contrast uptake patterns of primary and recurrent @entity2946 using MRI. The MRI examinations of 17 histologically proven cases of @entity2946 diagnosed in our institution (13 males and 4 females; mean age 13 years, 7 months) were reviewed in retrospect. Only @entity1 with pre-treatment and follow-up examinations including T2-weighted images (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery or turbo spin echo) and T1-weighted images after contrast injection (0.1 mmol/kg @entity7241 ) were included in this study. Whereas 6 of 7 @entity5 ( n=17) were hyperintense on T2-weighted images, contrast enhancement was detected in 13 @entity1 . Fifteen @entity5 occurred in the cerebellar vermis, two were located in the cerebellar hemispheres. Mean size at the time of presentation was 30.1 mm. All @entity1 presented with some extent of an occlusive @entity1276 . @entity5 or @entity3 were seen in 6 @entity1 (3 months to 7 years, mean age 2.5 years). Whereas the T2 signal intensity of recurrent @entity5 or subarachnoidal @entity3 resembled the primary @entity5 , the contrast uptake tended to be less pronounced ( n=3) or was completely absent ( n=2); thus, suggestive signs of primary @entity2946 are location in the vermis, hyperintensity on T2-weighted images and @entity1276 . The amount of contrast enhancement is variable and nonspecific. Secondary @entity2946 manifestation is characterized by T2 hyperintensity but not by contrast uptake.

title: MRI features of primary, secondary and metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['paediatric malignant brain tumour']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Local recurrent tumour', 'tumours', 'neoplasms', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma', 'Medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['medulloblastoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the distribution of axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, @entity92 , and central corneal thickness in @entity1 at different age groups. METHODS: We studied 364 eyes in 182 @entity1 with ages between 1 and 12 years. Axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and @entity92 were measured by ultrasound biometry. Central corneal thickness was measured by ultrasound pachymetry in all @entity1 . RESULTS: The mean age was 6.54    } 3.42 years. The axial length was 20.95 mm in 1-2 years old and 22.95 mm in 11-12 years old. The central corneal thickness was 556  m in 1-2 years old and 555  m in 11-12 years old. The mean anterior chamber depth and @entity92 increased with age (3.06 mm to 3.44 mm in anterior chamber depth, 13.75 mm to 15.99 mm in @entity92 ), and the lens thickness decreased as age increased (3.67-3.51 mm). CONCLUSION: The axial length increased with age and reached adult levels by the age of 9-10 years. The lens thickness gradually decreased until 12 years. The central corneal thickness measurements did not yield a linear algorithm.

title: Ocular biometry and central corneal thickness in XXXX : a hospital-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous chamber depth']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abstract Introduction: The relation between motor and cognitive function and autonomic nervous system (ANS) function during neurorehabilitation following acquired @entity1545 (ABI) has only been investigated sporadically. In the present study, it was hypothesized that clinical measures in severely injured @entity1 would relate to heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of autonomic function. Methods: HRV measurements were initially performed on 49 @entity1 (enrolled in a previous study) and follow-up (> 28 days) HRV measurements were performed. Standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) and low frequency (LF) were extracted and these HRV variables were related to the clinical measures, Early Functional Ability (EFA) and @entity177 ( @entity177 ). Associations between HRV and clinical measures were analysed on admission data (only EFA), at follow-up and for the longitudinal change in measures. Results: Follow-up HRV was extracted from 19 @entity1 . SDNN and LF were significantly correlated (p   <   0.05) to the EFA and @entity177 at follow-up, but not at admission. SDNN and LF changes were significantly correlated to EFA changes, but not @entity177 changes. Admission SDNN and LF were unable to provide prognostic information for the EFA and @entity177 at follow-up. Conclusion: HRV and its change during neurorehabilitation were associated to EFA and EFA changes over time. Further studies are required to clarify a number of limitations arising from this observational study.

title: Association between the sensory-motor nervous system and the autonomic nervous system in neurorehabilitation @entity1 with severe acquired XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FIM', 'Functional Independence Measure']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: A novel stability-indicating gradient reverse phase liquid chromatographic (RP-LC) method was developed for the determination of purity of @entity28959 ( @entity21063 ) in presence of its impurities and degradation products. The method was developed using Inertsil ODS 3 V (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) column with mobile phase containing a gradient mixture of solvent A and B. 0.01 M @entity41809 buffer, pH adjusted to 6.0 with 1% @entity4014 was used as buffer. Buffer and @entity1042 in 80:20 (v/v) ratio was used as solvent A and buffer and @entity1042 in 20:80 (v/v) ratio was used as solvent B. The gradient program (T/%B) was set as 0/5, 15/30, 25/50, 45/60, 55/5 and 60/5. The eluted compounds were monitored at 215 nm. @entity21063 was subjected to the stress conditions of oxidative, acid, base, hydrolytic, thermal and photolytic degradation. @entity21063 was found to degrade significantly in oxidative, acid and base degradation conditions and mildly in hydrolytic degradation conditions and stable in thermal and photolytic degradation conditions. The degradation products were well resolved from main peak and its impurities thus proved the stability-indicating power of the method. The developed method was validated as per @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ) guidelines with respect to specificity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, precision, linearity, accuracy, robustness and system suitability. This method is also suitable for the assay of @entity28959 which ranged from 99.9% to 100.2%.

title: Development and validation of a stability-indicating RP-LC method for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity41809 :: ('CHEBI:63036', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate']

entities_list: @entity4014 :: ('MESH:C029943', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['International Conference on Harmonization', 'ICH']

entities_list: @entity28959 :: ('MESH:C060590', 'Chemical') :: ['famciclovir']

answer: @entity28959 :: (MESH:C060590,Chemical) :: ['famciclovir']


abstract: Ex vivo-expanded @entity405 (+) T cells used for adoptive immunotherapy generally acquire an effector memory-like phenotype (TEM cells). With regard to therapeutic applications, two undesired features of this phenotype in vivo are limited persistence and reduced antitumor efficacy, relative to @entity405 (+) T cells with a central memory-like phenotype (TCM cells). Furthermore, there is incomplete knowledge about all the differences between TEM and TCM cells that may influence @entity5 treatment outcomes. Given that TCM cells survive relatively longer in oxidative @entity5 microenvironments, we investigated the hypothesis that TCM cells possess relatively greater antioxidative capacity than TEM cells. Here, we report that TCM cells exhibit a relative increase compared with TEM cells in the expression of cell surface @entity1433 , a key target of cellular redox controls, along with other antioxidant molecules. Increased expression of redox regulators in TCM cells inversely correlated with the generation of reactive @entity26 and @entity1568 species, proliferative capacity, and glycolytic enzyme levels. Notably, T-cell receptor-transduced T cells pretreated with @entity1432 donors, such as @entity898 or @entity3446 , upregulated @entity1432 levels and antioxidant genes. A comparison of antitumor @entity405 (+) T-cell populations on the basis of surface @entity1432 expression showed that @entity1432 -high cells persisted longer in vivo and exerted superior @entity5 control. Our results suggest that higher levels of reduced cell surface @entity1433 are a key characteristic of T cells that can control @entity5 growth and that profiling this biomarker may have benefits to adoptive T-cell immunotherapy protocols. @entity5 Res; 74(21); 6036-47.   2014 AACR.

title: Promoting XXXX expression increases the durability of antitumor T-cell functions.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl cysteine']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

answer: @entity1432 :: (CHEBI:29256,Chemical) :: ['thiol']


abstract: @entity734 ( @entity734 ) of antiretrovirals requires accurate and precise analysis of plasma drug concentrations. This work describes a simple, fast and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method for determination of the commonly used protease inhibitors such as @entity5192 , @entity5194 , @entity5193 , @entity5190 , @entity5195 , @entity486 , @entity485 and @entity5196 , @entity15833 a @entity2353 reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), the non-NRTI such as efavirenz, @entity5198 , @entity5199 , the @entity5075 antagonist maraviroc as well as the more recent antiretrovirals, the integrase inhibitors such as @entity5197 , @entity25428 and the new direct acting anti-HCV @entity49904 . Adapted deuterated internal standard was added to plasma aliquots (100 l) prior to protein precipitation with @entity1042 and @entity1626 . This method employed ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization mode. All compounds eluted within 4.2-min run time. Calibration curves were validated, with correlation coefficients (r(2)) higher than 0.997, for analysis of therapeutic concentrations reported in the literature. Inter- and intra-assay variations were <15%. Evaluation of accuracy shows a deviation <15% from target concentration at each quality control level. No significant matrix effect was observed for any of the antiretroviral studied. This new validated method fulfills all criteria for @entity734 of 15 antiretrovirals and @entity49904 drugs and was successfully applied in routine @entity734 of antiretrovirals.

title: Validation of a fast method for quantitative analysis of @entity25428 , @entity5197 , maraviroc, @entity5199 , @entity15833 , XXXX and 10 other antiretroviral agents in human plasma samples with a new UPLC-MS/MS technology.

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity5194 :: ('MESH:C413408', 'Chemical') :: ['atazanavir']

entities_list: @entity5192 :: ('MESH:C095108', 'Chemical') :: ['amprenavir']

entities_list: @entity5199 :: ('MESH:C451734', 'Chemical') :: ['etravirine']

entities_list: @entity5190 :: ('MESH:D019469', 'Chemical') :: ['indinavir']

entities_list: @entity485 :: ('MESH:D019258', 'Chemical') :: ['saquinavir']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity25428 :: ('MESH:C509700', 'Chemical') :: ['elvitegravir']

entities_list: @entity5196 :: ('MESH:C107201', 'Chemical') :: ['tipranavir']

entities_list: @entity5195 :: ('MESH:D061466', 'Chemical') :: ['lopinavir']

entities_list: @entity5193 :: ('MESH:C482292', 'Chemical') :: ['darunavir']

entities_list: @entity5198 :: ('MESH:D019829', 'Chemical') :: ['nevirapine']

entities_list: @entity15833 :: ('MESH:C096918', 'Chemical') :: ['tenofovir']

entities_list: @entity5197 :: ('MESH:C507898', 'Chemical') :: ['raltegravir']

entities_list: @entity486 :: ('MESH:D019438', 'Chemical') :: ['ritonavir']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['TDM', 'Therapeutic drug monitoring']

entities_list: @entity49904 :: ('CHEBI:68621', 'Chemical') :: ['boceprevir']

answer: @entity49904 :: (CHEBI:68621,Chemical) :: ['boceprevir']


abstract: Malignant teratoid medulloepithelioma of ciliary body is an extremely rare @entity5 usually occurring in @entity1 younger than 5  years of age and is usually amelanotic. Here, we report a very rare case of @entity2118 in a 20-year old male @entity1 who presented initially with @entity158 , @entity5768 of @entity4265 . The @entity4265 was enucleated. A histopathological diagnosis of orbital @entity44 was made and no further treatment was given. Four months later, the @entity1 developed another swelling in the same area. A review of the previous histopathology slides revealed a @entity2118 . No nerve involvement was seen. MRI did not show any intracranial extension. The mass along with rest of the orbital tissue was removed. No adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy was given due to the lack of intracranial extension. The @entity1 was symptom free at 2-year follow-up and the repeat MRI also showed no evidence of recurrence.

title: @entity2118 of ciliary body - An extremely rare intraocular XXXX in adult.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5768 :: ('MESH:D005094', 'Disease') :: ['redness and proptosis']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented malignant teratoid medulloepithelioma']

entities_list: @entity4265 :: ('MESH:C535682', 'Disease') :: ['right eyeball']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The added value of @entity419 (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) scanning as a function of pretest risk assessment in indeterminate pulmonary nodules is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To obtain an external validation of the prediction model according to Swensen and colleagues, and to quantify the potential added value of FDG-PET scanning as a function of its operating characteristics in relation to this prediction model, in a population of @entity1 with radiologically indeterminate pulmonary nodules. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Between August 1997 and March 2001, all @entity1 with an indeterminate solitary pulmonary nodule who had been referred for FDG-PET scanning were retrospectively identified from the database of the PET center at the VU University Medical Center. RESULTS: One hundred six @entity1 were eligible for the study, and 61 @entity1 (57%) proved to have malignant nodules. The goodness-of-fit statistic for the model (according to Swensen) indicated that the observed proportion of @entity5 did not differ from the predicted proportion (p = 0.46). PET scan results, which were classified using the 4-point intensity scale reading, yielded an area under the evaluated receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77 to 0.91). The estimated difference of 0.095 (95% CI, -0.003 to 0.193) between the PET scan results classified using the 4-point intensity scale reading and the area under the curve (AUC) from the Swensen prediction was not significant (p = 0.058). The PET scan results, when added to the predicted probability calculated by the Swensen model, improves the AUC by 13.6% (95% CI, 6 to 21; p = 0.0003). CONCLUSION: The clinical prediction model of Swensen et al was proven to have external validity. However, especially in the lower range of its estimates, the model may underestimate the actual probability of @entity5 . The combination of visually read FDG-PET scans and pretest factors appears to yield the best accuracy.

title: Clinical prediction model to characterize pulmonary nodules: validation and added value of XXXX positron emission tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To explore whether coping strategies and general @entity148 are associated with @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) and how much of variance of @entity1642 is explained with these variables. METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted at two teaching hospitals between November 2013 and December 2015. Total 190 pregnant @entity1 (60 @entity1 at 6-13-weeks of gestation, 60 at 13-26 weeks, and 70 at 27-40 weeks of gestation) completed the study. The @entity1 completed three questionnaires including; Pregnancy experience scale (PES-41), Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ), and State-Trait @entity148 inventory (SATI). Pearson coefficients and analysis of regression was done to assess the correlations between variables. RESULTS: Pregnant @entity1 who experienced higher mean level of pregnancy specific-stress had significantly higher mean level of occult @entity148 , overt @entity148 , and total @entity148 than @entity1 who did not experience @entity1642 . Although there was a positive and significant relationship between intensity of hassles and uplifts and ways of coping, the correlation between @entity1642 and ways of coping was not significant. The results of analysis regression showed that general @entity148 during pregnancy predicted 25% of the variance of @entity1642 (F=4.480, @entity48749 ). Also, ways of coping predicted 38% of the variance in pregnancy Hassles (F=7.033, @entity18064 ). CONCLUSION: The ways of coping predicted the variance of pregnancy hassles, but does not evaluate pregnancy specific-stress. To think about @entity1642 in terms of general @entity148 may help to clarify past findings and to guide future research and interventions.

title: Relationship of coping ways and XXXX with Pregnancy Specific-stress.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['PSS', 'pregnancy-specific stress']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: @entity1028 are found in about 4% of all @entity1 aged over 65 years. The most severe complication of the @entity1028 is @entity397 . The probability of @entity397 depends upon the diameter of the @entity439 . The chance of @entity397 is 30% within 2 years in @entity439 with a maximum diameter of more than 5 cm. Preoperative evaluation includes clinical examination and abdominal ultrasonography. Depending on the results, aortography and/or computed tomography are required. When the diameter is less than 5 cm in an asymptomatic @entity1 , conservative management is indicated provided that clinical tests and ultrasonography are performed on a regular basis. The mean increase of diameter varies between 0.2 and 0.4 cm/year. All @entity439 with a diameter of more than 5 cm should be treated by implantation of a dacron graft. Symptomatic @entity439 should, independently of the diameter, be considered an emergency situation and resected immediately. @entity1 with @entity1756 have a poor prognosis; only 40-60% of these @entity1 reach the hospital and approximately 50% of them die despite immediate surgery. A special subgroup is the so called @entity1028 . Characteristic findings of this entity are increased wall thickness and @entity3807 . The indications for resection are the same as for the @entity731 . If management is conservative, treatment with corticosteroids is useful.

title: [ XXXX of the abdominal aorta. Diagnosis and indications for therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3807 :: ('MESH:D012185', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Various ablation strategies of persistent @entity955 (PersAF) have had disappointing outcomes, despite concerted clinical and research efforts, which could reflect progressive @entity955 -related @entity13678 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Two-year outcomes were assessed in 1241 consecutive @entity1 undergoing first-time ablation of PersAF (2005-2012). The time intervals between the first diagnosis of PersAF and the ablation procedures were determined. @entity1 had echocardiograms and measures of B-type natriuretic peptide and @entity1851 before the procedures. The median diagnosis-to-ablation time was 3 years (25th-75th percentiles 1-6.5). With longer diagnosis-to-ablation time (based on quartiles), there was a significant increase in recurrence rates in addition to an increase in B-type natriuretic peptide levels (P=0.01), @entity1851 levels (P<0.0001), and left atrial size (P=0.03). The @entity943 recurrence rates over 2 years were 33.6%, 52.6%, 57.1%, and 54.6% in the first, second, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively (Pcategorical<0.0001). In Cox Proportional Hazard analyses, B-type natriuretic peptide levels, @entity1851 levels, and left atrial size were associated with @entity943 recurrence. The diagnosis-to-ablation time had the strongest association with the ablation outcomes which persisted in multivariable Cox analyzes (hazard ratio for recurrence per +1Log diagnosis-to-ablation time 1.27, 95% confidence interval 1.14-1.43; P<0.0001; hazard ratio fourth versus first quartile 2.44, 95% confidence interval 1.68-3.65; Pcategorical<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with PersAF undergoing ablation, the time interval between the first diagnosis of PersAF and the catheter ablation procedure had a strong association with the ablation outcomes, such as shorter diagnosis-to-ablation times were associated with better outcomes and in direct association with markers of @entity13678 .

title: Radiofrequency Ablation of Persistent XXXX : Diagnosis-to-Ablation Time, Markers of Pathways of Atrial Remodeling, and Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity13678 :: ('MESH:D064752', 'Disease') :: ['atrial remodeling']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['Atrial Fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical lengthening is used to address both @entity2182 and shortening of the spastic agonist muscle in @entity1 with @entity306 . It has been presumed that the function of the antagonist muscle will improve when the spastic agonist muscle has been surgically lengthened. The purposes of the current study were to use quantitative gait analysis to determine the prevalence of the ankle dorsiflexor muscles (antagonist) dysfunction during the swing phase of the gait cycle and to analyze how this function is affected following surgical lengthening of the @entity121 (agonist). METHODS: The study design was a retrospective, cohort series of fifty-three @entity1 with @entity306 who underwent gait analysis before and after surgical lengthening of the gastrocnemius-soleus muscle group. Data from the physical examination, gait study kinematics, and dynamic electromyography in swing phase were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age at the time of the initial gait analysis was eight years and eleven months. Significant improvements were noted in ankle dorsiflexion passive range of motion (p < 0.001), ankle dorsiflexor selective control (p = 0.002), ankle dorsiflexor strength (p = 0.001), and peak and mean ankle dorsiflexion in swing phase (p < 0.001 for each) following @entity3681 lengthening surgery. Active ankle dorsiflexor function in swing phase was present in 79% of the extremities prior to @entity3681 surgery. Swing phase dorsiflexor function was present in 96% of the extremities following surgery, with ten extremities improving from absent to present. CONCLUSIONS: The kinematic data support the clinical impression that ankle dorsiflexion during swing phase is improved following @entity3681 lengthening surgery in @entity1 with @entity306 . In the majority of @entity1 , this was a consequence of the correction of a fixed equinus contracture of the @entity3681 that was constraining preexisting ankle dorsiflexor function. Weakness of all of the muscles is common, and surgical lengthening should only be considered for the correction of recalcitrant @entity1159 . Improved function of the antagonist muscle should be anticipated and optimized by appropriately focused strength training and other modalities during rehabilitation.

title: Ankle dorsiflexor function after plantar flexor surgery in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle plantar flexors', 'ankle plantar flexor']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactivity']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['muscle contractures']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['ankle plantar flexor muscles']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['cerebral palsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness of tissue adhesive and @entity556 solution in the percutaneous ablation of peripheral @entity2849 . METHODS: Twenty-five @entity2849 were treated over a 33-month period; all had failed ultrasound-guided compression. Tissue adhesive or @entity556 solution was injected percutaneously, with needle tip position and changes within the @entity439 confirmed with color Doppler ultrasound. In 19 cases we utilized a protective balloon inflated across the @entity439 neck prior to the injection of tissue adhesive and in six cases used @entity556 injection alone. Seven patients were anticoagulated. @entity1 were followed up after the procedure. RESULTS: All 25 @entity439 were treated successfully; two @entity1 required a return visit and there were no immediate complications or peripheral @entity999 . One @entity1 developed a contralateral @entity2849 . CONCLUSIONS: The percutaneous injection of @entity2849 is a safe, atraumatic, and effective treatment for femoral @entity2849 in the peripheral circulation. There are significant advantages over ultrasound-guided compression or surgical repair.

title: Percutaneous ablation of peripheral pseudoaneurysms using XXXX : a simple and effective solution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['emboli detected']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'artery pseudoaneurysms', 'pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity556 :: (2147,Gene) :: ['thrombin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Curative resection of sigmoid colon and @entity5 includes "high tie" of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA). However, IMA ligation compromises blood flow to the @entity254 , which may increase the leakage rate, and it is unclear whether this confers a survival advantage. Accordingly, the IMA may be ligated at a point just below the origin of the left colic artery (LCA) "low tie" combined with lymph node dissection (LND) around the origin of the IMA (low tie with LND). However, no study has investigated the detailed prognostic results between "high tie" and "low tie with LND." The aim of this study was to assess the utility of "low tie with LND" on survival in @entity1 with sigmoid @entity694 . METHODS: A total of 189 sigmoid @entity694 @entity1 who underwent curative operation from 1997 to 2007 were enrolled in this study. The @entity1 's medical records were reviewed to obtain clinicopathological information. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, with differences assessed using log-rank test. RESULTS: Forty-two and 147 @entity1 were ligated at the origin of the IMA (high tie) and just below the origin of the LCA combined with LND around the origin of the IMA (low tie with LND), respectively. No significant differences were observed in the complication rate and @entity1349 and @entity4557 rates in the two groups. Further, no significant difference was observed in the @entity1349 and @entity4557 rates in the lymph node-positive cases in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: "Low tie with LND" is anatomically less invasive and is not inferior to "high tie" with prognostic point of view.

title: Level of arterial ligation in sigmoid colon and XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'relapse-free survival']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon or rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Medications or lifestyle changes to prevent or improve @entity101 often press considerable efforts on @entity1 suffering from mild @entity101 . Capsules including Umezu @entity6398 (UP), @entity6398 in Japanese plums, may help them to control their blood pressure (BP). The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of UP on BP and its safety. METHODS: A total of 15 healthy workers without antihypertensive medication who had some concerns about their BP, preferably normal-high BP or @entity101 level 1, were randomized in a double-blind manner into UP ingesting and placebo groups. Each subject was instructed to take four capsules daily for 12  weeks (daily UP dose, 800  mg for the UP ingesting group; and 0  mg for the placebo group). These subjects were followed for 12  weeks, and their BP both at home and at the examination site, as well as self-perceived quality-of-life outcomes and possible side effects, was monitored during that period. Group     time interactions on BP changes were examined. RESULTS: All of the 15 subjects completed the 12-week intervention trial. The BP changes did not significantly differ between the UP ingesting and placebo groups, neither at the examination site nor at home. But during the study period, no adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: No remarkable effect of UP on BP was observed. However, a higher dose of UP was confirmed safe and high in adherence in this 12-week randomized controlled trial. Its effect on BP and other outcomes shall be confirmed in a larger sample.

title: Safety and adherence of Umezu XXXX in the Japanese plum (Prunus mume) in a 12-week double-blind randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial to evaluate antihypertensive effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity6398 :: (MESH:D059808,Chemical) :: ['polyphenols']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity1 take @entity32 ( @entity32 ) during pregnancy but the risks for the @entity1 remain controversial. We carried out a study to quantify the association between those @entity1 prescribed @entity32 and @entity154 . METHODS: A population-based pregnancy registry was built by linking data from three administrative databases in Quebec between 1997-2003. The inclusion criteria were mothers of live singleton @entity1 , between 15-45 years of age, covered by the RAMQ drug plan > or =12 months before and during pregnancy, and prescribed an NSAID or other medications during pregnancy. We selected as cases @entity1 with any @entity154 ( @entity1479 -9; 740-759) diagnosed in the first year of life. Up to 10 controls, defined as @entity1 with no @entity154 detected were selected for each case. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. RESULTS: Within the registry, 36,387 pregnant @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. We identified 93 births with @entity154 in 1056 @entity1 (8.8%) who filled prescriptions for @entity32 in the first trimester of pregnancy, compared to 2478 in 35,331 (7%) @entity1 who did not. The adjusted OR for any @entity154 for @entity1 who filled a prescription for @entity32 in the first trimester was 2.21 (95% CI = 1.72-2.85). The adjusted OR for the anomalies related to cardiac septal closure was 3.34 (95% CI = 1.87-5.98). There were no significant associations with anomalies of other major organ systems. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that @entity1 prescribed @entity32 during early pregnancy may be at a greater risk of having @entity1 with @entity154 , specifically @entity18975 .

title: Risk of XXXX in pregnant users of @entity32 : A nested case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['NSAIDs in early pregnancy', 'non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs', 'NSAIDs']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomaly', 'congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity18975 :: ('MESH:D006343', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac septal defects']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['congenital anomalies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the intra- and interobserver reliability of musculoskeletal ultrasonography (US) in detecting inflammatory and destructive @entity427 in @entity1 with @entity309 using two different scanning methods. METHODS: Thirteen observers examined nine @entity1 with @entity309 and one healthy individual in two rounds independently and blindly of each other. Each round consisted of two consecutive examinations, an anatomy-based examination and a free examination according to personal preferences. The following tendons were evaluated: wrist extensor compartments 2, 4 and 6, finger flexor tendons 3 and 4 at @entity806 level, @entity924 . Overall, positive and negative agreements and k-values for greyscale (GS) @entity2762 , peritendinous power Doppler (PPD) signal, intratendinous power Doppler (IPD) signal and GS @entity16 were calculated. RESULTS: Intraobserver k-value ranges were 0.53-0.55 (P   <   0.0005) for GS @entity2762 , 0.61-0.64 (P   <   0.0005) for PPD signal, 0.65-0.66 (P   <   0.0005) for IPD signal and 0.44-0.53 (P   <   0.0005) for GS @entity16 . For interobserver reliability, substantial overall agreement ranged from 80 to 89% for GS @entity2762 , 97 to 100% for PPD signal, 97 to 100% for IPD signal and 97 to 100% for GS @entity16 . Results were independent of scanning technique. CONCLUSION: Intraobserver reliability for @entity2762 and @entity16 varied from moderate for GS to good for @entity1726 . Overall interobserver reliability for @entity2762 and @entity16 was excellent both for GS and @entity1726 . This qualitative scoring system may serve as the first step to a semi-quantitative score for tendon pathology.

title: Reliability testing of tendon disease using two different scanning methods in XXXX with @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['tendon damage']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tibialis posterior tendon and both peronei tendons']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['tendon abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2762 :: ('MESH:D013717', 'Disease') :: ['tenosynovitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recently, activating mutations of the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) gene were discovered in @entity1149 sensitive to @entity4562 ( @entity4562 , an @entity470 @entity669 kinase inhibitor) but not in @entity4562 -resistant @entity5 . Abnormalities of @entity470 and related pathways may have an effect on responsiveness of advanced @entity14 to combination chemotherapy with @entity4562 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We examined @entity1 with previously untreated metastatic @entity14 , who were enrolled into two phase I/II trials of combination chemotherapy ( @entity2600 , @entity4181 , and @entity1487 ) and daily oral @entity4562 . We obtained @entity982 tissue blocks of @entity5 from 31 @entity1 , sequenced the @entity470 , @entity984 , and @entity817 genes, and did immunohistochemistry for @entity470 , phosphorylated @entity584 , @entity876 , @entity994 , and @entity5438 . RESULTS: Twelve (39%) of the 31 @entity1 experienced a partial objective response to the therapy. A novel @entity470 mutation in exon 18 ( @entity58262 , @entity58263 ) was identified in only one @entity1 who did not experience an objective @entity5 response. @entity470 immunohistochemistry was not predictive of responsiveness. In contrast, loss of @entity994 was associated with a higher response rate to therapy (P = 0.05). Moreover, the response rate among @entity1 whose @entity5 maintained @entity994 expression and possessed a mutation in @entity876 was only 9% (1 of 11, P = 0.005). Overexpression of phosphorylated @entity584 also seemed to predict a trend towards resistance to the therapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity994 expression in @entity14 , especially in combination with @entity876 mutation, is a predictor of resistance to the combination chemotherapy with @entity4562 . Activating @entity470 mutations are rare in @entity14 and do not seem to confer sensitivity to @entity4562 and chemotherapy.

title: Molecular alterations in @entity5 and response to combination chemotherapy with XXXX for advanced @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity58263 :: ('p|SUB|G|724|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Gly724Ser']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity4562 :: (MESH:C419708,Chemical) :: ['gefitinib']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aims of this retrospective study by means of immunohistochemical staining were (1) to study the expression of c-ras, @entity1722 , @entity876 , and @entity18962 gene products in complete hydatidiform moles that progress to @entity3567 and in those that remit spontaneously after evacuation, and (2) to estimate the predictive value of the expression of these four gene products in @entity1475 . METHODS: Clinical data of @entity1 with @entity1475 were obtained by retrospective chart review. @entity406 -fixed paraffin sections of 50 cases of complete mole that progressed to gestational @entity5 and 32 cases of complete mole that remitted spontaneously were studied immunohistochemically for c-ras, @entity1722 , @entity876 , and @entity18962 proteins. The prognostic value of the proteins for the @entity5 was analyzed by multiple logistic regression and stepwise logistic estimation. Sections of 30 cases of invasive mole and 19 cases of @entity1466 were also immunohistologically studied for expression of the proteins. RESULTS: Expression of @entity1722 and @entity876 gene products was significantly increased and expression of @entity18962 and c-ras products was remarkably decreased in complete hydatidiform moles that progressed into @entity5 compared with those that remitted spontaneously after evacuation. There was no significant difference in the expression of the four genes in invasive mole and in @entity1466 . A logistic estimation model for predicting @entity5 was established based on the expression of gene products. When the expression of four gene products was used, the predictive sensitivity of the regression model was 86.0%, and the specificity was 75.0%. The positive predictive value was 84.3%, the negative predictive value was 77.4%. Logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that the altered expression of @entity1722 and @entity18962 products had strong predictive value, while the expression of c-ras and @entity876 products had no significant predictive value for the @entity5 . CONCLUSION: The altered expression of c-ras, @entity1722 , @entity18962 , and @entity876 gene products may be important in the pathogenesis of @entity3567 . The decreased expression of @entity18962 protein and increased expression of @entity1722 protein are strong predictors for the @entity5 .

title: The relationship between expression of c-ras, XXXX , @entity18962 , and @entity876 gene products and development of @entity3567 and their predictive significance for the @entity1475 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'postmolar tumor', 'malignant transformation of complete mole']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['Formalin']

entities_list: @entity1475 :: ('MESH:D006828', 'Disease') :: ['complete hydatidiform mole', 'malignant transformation of complete hydatidiform mole']

entities_list: @entity3567 :: ('MESH:D014328', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic tumor']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['c-erbB-2']


abstract: @entity3840 ( @entity797 -2) is believed to participate in the repair of @entity2275 . Like @entity1 , @entity1707 frequently develop @entity2275 and thus represent an attractive animal model in which to study the repair process of naturally occurring @entity2275 . However, expression of @entity797 in the @entity1707 stomach has not been reported. The objectives of this study were to determine whether @entity797 isoenzymes are expressed in porcine @entity2275 and to characterize the porcine @entity797 -2 cDNA. Normal stomachs (n=5) and those with @entity2275 (n=35) were studied by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting analysis. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to isolate the complete porcine @entity797 -2 cDNA. @entity9859 staining was present in normal stomach and in ulcerated areas. No @entity797 -2 was detected in normal stomach, but @entity797 -2 was strongly expressed in the ulcerated area in 28/35 (80%) @entity2275 (p<0.01). Immunoblotting analysis confirmed the restricted expression of @entity797 -2 in the ulcerated areas. The porcine @entity797 -2 cDNA was shown to code for a 604 @entity535 protein that is 89% identical to @entity1 @entity797 -2. These results provide the complete primary structure of porcine @entity797 -2 and demonstrate for the first time that the enzyme is induced in naturally occurring porcine @entity2275 .

title: Induction of XXXX expression in naturally occurring @entity2275 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers', 'gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity3840 :: (5743,Gene) :: ['cyclo-oxygenase-2']


abstract: The effect of changes of dietary @entity2827 intake and posture on plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration and renal function was studied in 11 normal @entity1 volunteers. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration was higher in the upright posture on a high than it was on a medium or low salt diet. On the medium and high but not on the low salt diet the concentration increased significantly on adoption of the supine posture. @entity1011 , @entity1372 , @entity1091 and fractional @entity1091 clearances, fractional distal @entity1372 excretion and total distal water and @entity1372 reabsorption, which were estimated by the @entity1091 clearance technique, were significantly higher on the high than on the low salt diet. The medium salt intake gave intermediate values. Heart rate while upright was significantly higher on the low than on either the medium or the high salt diets. Systolic blood pressure was unaffected by salt intake. Diastolic blood pressure in the supine position was significantly higher on the low than on the medium or high salt diets. Both plasma @entity1063 concentrations and plasma @entity916 activity were significantly higher on the low than on the high salt diet. Values on the medium salt intake were intermediate. Plasma concentrations of both hormones were higher in the upright than in the supine posture on all three salt intakes. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that atrial natriuretic peptide contributes to the cardiovascular and renal adjustments to changes in dietary @entity2827 , and the possible role of the peptide is discussed.

title: Effect of dietary XXXX and posture on plasma immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity2827 :: (MESH:D012965,Chemical) :: ['sodium chloride']


abstract: Injection of Complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity3795 ) into the hindpaw produces @entity32 and alterations in nociceptive sensitivity. The present study was designed to compare the effects of @entity3795 injection into the dorsal and plantar surfaces of the hindpaw on nociceptive sensitivity of the hindpaw to mechanical pressure, warm-water and a hotplate stimulus in male and female @entity35 . @entity3795 or vehicle (VEH) was injected into the dorsal or plantar surface of the right hindpaw on day 0 and tests were conducted on days 4, 6, 8, 10, 11 and 18. Up until day 11 the @entity32 was confined to the injected hindpaw (monoarthritic state), whereas by day 18 both hindpaws were inflamed (polyarthritic state). The site of the @entity3795 injection had minimal effects on thermal or mechanical sensitivity with the following exceptions. On days 11 and 18 males had higher hotplate latencies when injected in the dorsal as compared to the plantar surface. For both males and females, warm-water paw withdrawal latencies were longer in those @entity35 injected in the dorsal versus the plantar surface on day 18. No sex differences in paw pressure thresholds were observed on days 11 and 18 in @entity3795 -treated @entity35 . In the warm-water paw withdrawal test @entity3795 -treated males exhibited longer latencies than @entity3795 -treated females on day 11, but similar latencies on day 18. In the hotplate test @entity3795 -treated females exhibited shorter latencies than @entity3795 -treated males on days 11 and 18. The present results demonstrate that nociceptive sensitivity is the result of the interplay among sex, @entity3795 injection site (plantar vs. dorsal), arthritic state (mono- vs. polyarthritic) and stimulus modality (mechanical vs. thermal).

title: Effects of sex, hindpaw injection site and stimulus modality on nociceptive sensitivity in arthritic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: We examined whether overproduction of endogenous @entity842 (NO) can prevent @entity519 -induced @entity120 and vascular remodeling by using endothelial NO-overexpressing (eNOS-Tg) @entity19 . Male eNOS-Tg @entity19 and their littermates (wild-type, @entity7097 ) were maintained in normoxic or 10% @entity519 condition for 3 weeks. In normoxia, eNOS protein levels, @entity141 -dependent NOS activity, and @entity6708 levels in the lung of eNOS-Tg @entity19 were higher than those of @entity7097 @entity19 . Activity of eNOS and @entity6708 production in the lung did not change significantly by @entity519 exposure in either genotype. @entity519 did not induce iNOS expression nor increase its activity in either genotype. Plasma and lung @entity15486 levels were increased by chronic @entity519 , but these levels were not significantly different between the 2 genotypes. In hemodynamic analysis, @entity551 ( @entity551 ) in eNOS-Tg @entity19 was similar to that in @entity7097 @entity19 in normoxia. @entity519 increased @entity551 and induced @entity8158 in both genotypes; however, the degrees of these increases were significantly smaller in eNOS-Tg @entity19 . Histological examination revealed that @entity519 @entity19 showed medial wall thickening in pulmonary arteries. However, the increase of the wall thickening in small arteries (diameter <80 microm) by chronic @entity519 was inhibited in eNOS-Tg @entity19 . Furthermore, muscularization of small arterioles was significantly attenuated in eNOS-Tg @entity19 . Thus, we demonstrated directly that overproduction of eNOS-derived NO can inhibit not only the increase in @entity551 associated with @entity120 but also remodeling of the @entity358 and @entity8158 induced by chronic @entity519 .

title: Reduced XXXX pulmonary vascular remodeling by @entity842 from the endothelium.

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity8158 :: ('MESH:D017380', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic hypoxia', 'hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vasculature']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['RVSP', 'right ventricular systolic pressure']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxic']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate safety and efficacy of @entity136 monotherapy for @entity784 ( @entity784 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 with @entity784 on a phase II open-label trial and 8 @entity1 off study received intravenous @entity136 (1000 mg/m2) on day 1, 8, and 15 for > or = 6 cycles. Physicians' global assessment was based on body surface area involvement in skin, measurement of lymph nodes, and blood by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Two @entity1 with CD30+ anaplastic large @entity784 and 31 with @entity3217 fungoides (stage IB [T2, n = 2], stage IIA [T2, n = 1], stage IIB [T3, n = 13], stage IVA [T3 N3, n = 3; T4b2, n = 2; T4b2 N3, n = 2], and stage IVB [T4b2 N1, n = 6; T4 N3b2 M1, n = 1; T3 N3 M1, n = 1]) had received a median of 5 previous therapies (range, 1-13 therapies). Responses were seen in 17 of 25 (68%) study @entity1 (2 complete responses [8%]) and 4 of 8 @entity1 (1 complete response) off protocol. Seven of 13 @entity1 with @entity3217 fungoides (T3) responded, 10 had @entity5 burden reductions, and 8 of 11 @entity1 with @entity14041 responded. @entity136 was well tolerated. Myelosuppression (n = 14; grade 3, n = 8), @entity1381 (in 2 elderly @entity1 with @entity14041 ), @entity1151 (n = 2), and 1 episode each of @entity712 , acute @entity583 , and stable @entity951 were observed. Increased hepatic transaminases (n = 4), @entity33 (n = 3), lethargy (n = 7), @entity221 (n = 8), cutaneous @entity2117 (n = 6), infusion-related maculopapular @entity1910 (n = 1), and radiation recall (n = 1) were also seen. CONCLUSION: @entity136 is an effective monotherapy with a 68% overall response rate in @entity1 with advanced, heavily pretreated @entity784 .

title: Phase II evaluation of XXXX monotherapy for @entity784 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['CTCL', 'cutaneous T-cell lymphoma', 'T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity14041 :: ('MESH:D012751', 'Disease') :: ['Sezary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: To better understand the role of granulocyte elastase (GE) in mediating tissue injury during sepsis, GE levels were measured in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in @entity1 with @entity326 (n = 16) and @entity548 (n = 30). Granulocyte elastase levels were compared to levels of @entity6417 ( @entity6417 ). Results show that although plasma GE- @entity6417 complex was initially elevated in @entity1 with @entity548 and @entity326 , elevations in plasma GE- @entity6417 complex (831 +/- 241 micrograms/L) persisted in @entity326 @entity1 . @entity6417 levels in serum were increased, resulting in an inhibition of serum GE activity. Granulocyte elastase activity in BALF, however, was significantly higher in those @entity1 with septic, as compared to @entity548 (31.4 +/- 25.8 versus 3.7 +/- 4.0 U/L, respectively). In addition GE levels were compared to other parameters, including respiratory index, blood neutrophil count, and plasma levels of endotoxin, fibronectin, and coagulation factor XIII. Significant correlations were observed between GE- @entity6417 and increased endotoxin concentration and decreased fibronectin and coagulation factor XIII levels. Significant correlation was found also between GE activity in BALF and respiratory index. These findings suggest that severe @entity3145 occurred in @entity1 with @entity326 complicated by multiple-organ failure. Although GE activity appeared to be adequately inhibited by @entity6417 in blood, increased GE activity in local tissues, such as lung alveoli, may be responsible for significant local tissue injury during @entity326 .

title: Role of granulocyte elastase in tissue injury in XXXX with @entity326 complicated by multiple-organ failure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6417 :: ('5265', 'Gene') :: ['alpha 1-protease inhibitor', 'alpha 1-PI', 'alpha 1-Protease inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic', 'hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A prospective observational cohort study of consecutive @entity3604 @entity1 with @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ). OBJECTIVE: Assess the safety and efficacy of sacroplasty in treating @entity1642 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity1642 can cause @entity1643 in @entity3604 @entity1 . Symptomatic improvement may require up to 12 months. Treatment includes limited weight-bearing and bed rest, oral analgesics, and sacral corsets. Significant mortality and morbidity are associated with @entity1642 . Percutaneous sacroplasty is an alternative treatment for SIF @entity1 , and initial reports have documented its safe and effective performance. Yet, follow-up intervals have been short, and study cohorts small precluding definitive assessment of sacroplasty's safety and efficacy. METHODS: Baseline Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), analgesic usage, and duration of symptoms were recorded. Subsequent VAS ratings were assessed at 30 minutes and at 2, 4, 12, 24, and 52 weeks postprocedure. Analgesic usage and @entity1 satisfaction were assessed at final follow-up. Each procedure was performed under intravenous conscious sedation using fluoroscopy. Two bone trochars were inserted between the sacral foramen and sacroiliac joint through which 2 to 3 mL of polymethylmethacrylate was injected. RESULTS: Thirty-seven @entity1 , 27 females, were treated. Mean age was 76.6 years, and mean symptom duration was 34.4 days. All @entity1 were available at each follow-up interval except 1 @entity1 who died due to unrelated @entity358 before the 4-week follow-up. The mean VAS score at baseline was 7.7 and 3.2 within 30 minutes, and 2.1 at 2, 1.7 at 4, 1.3 at 12, 1.0 at 24, and 0.7 at 52 weeks postprocedure. Improvement at each interval and overall was statistically significant using the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test. One case of transient S1 @entity614 was encountered. CONCLUSIONS: Sacroplasty appears to be a safe and effective treatment for painful SIF. The rate of improvement is rapid and sustained through 1 year.

title: Efficacy and safety of percutaneous sacroplasty for painful XXXX : a prospective, multicenter trial.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculitis']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['SIFs', 'pelvic insufficiency fractures', 'sacral insufficiency fractures', 'osteoporotic SIFs']

answer: @entity1642 :: (MESH:D015775,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic sacral insufficiency fractures']