abstract: BACKGROUND: The importance of early life conditions and current conditions for mortality in later life was assessed using historical data from four rural parishes in southern Sweden. Both demographic and economic data are valid. METHODS: Longitudinal demographic and socioeconomic data for individuals and household socioeconomic data from parish registers were combined with local area data on food costs and disease load using a Cox regression framework to analyse the 55-80 year age group mortality (number of deaths = 1398). RESULTS: In a previous paper, the disease load experienced during the birth year, measured as the @entity1 mortality rate, was strongly associated with old-age mortality, particularly the outcome of airborne @entity166 . In the present paper, this impact persisted after controlling for variations in food prices during pregnancy and the birth year, and the disease load on mothers during pregnancy. The impact on mortality in later life stems from both the short-term cycles and the long-term decline in @entity1 mortality. An asymmetrical effect and strong threshold effects were found for the cycles. Years with very high @entity1 mortality, dominated by @entity14333 and whooping cough, had a strong impact, while modest changes had almost no impact at all. The effects of the disease load during the year of birth were particularly strong for @entity1 born during the winter and summer. @entity1 severely exposed to airborne @entity166 during their birth year had a much higher risk of dying of airborne @entity166 in their old age. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that exposure to airborne @entity166 during the first year of life increases mortality at ages 55-80.

title: Airborne XXXX during infancy and mortality in later life in southern Sweden, 1766-1894.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['infectious diseases']


abstract: We previously documented that male @entity19 lacking the gene encoding the neuronal isoform of @entity842 synthase ( @entity17693 -/-) are more aggressive than wildtype (WT) @entity19 in all standard testing paradigms. @entity251 is necessary, but not sufficient, to evoke the persistent @entity146 in these mutants. Deletion of the @entity17693 gene not only eliminates @entity17693 protein, but in common with many gene deletions, affects several 'down-stream' processes. For example, @entity750 ( @entity750 ) metabolism is altered in male @entity17693 -/- @entity19 . Baseline @entity2819 , but not ACTH, concentrations are also altered in the @entity17693 -/- @entity19 . Despite elevated @entity2819 concentrations, @entity17693 knockout @entity19 are less 'anxious' or 'fearful' than WT @entity19 , which may contribute to their @entity146 . For example, male @entity17693 -/- @entity19 spend more time in the open field than WT @entity19 . Furthermore, @entity17693 knockout @entity19 also show increased sensitivity to painful stimuli, which may also prolong aggressive interactions. @entity146 is not a unitary process, but is the result of complex interactions among several physiological, motivational, and behavioural systems, with contributions from the social and physical environment. The multiple, and often unanticipated, effects of targeted gene disruption on aggressive behaviour are discussed.

title: Effects of @entity842 on the HPA axis and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'aggressiveness', 'Aggressive behaviour']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggression']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the vasoregulatory effect of antioxidant - @entity4793 on retina via protein kinase C pathway. METHODS: Thirty glaucomatous @entity1 (60 eyes) were included in this study. The @entity1 were divided into three groups. For @entity1 in Group A, @entity4793 was not supplemented in their therapy. @entity1 in Groups B and C received 300 and 600 mg/day of oral - @entity1881 , respectively. The ultimate blood @entity4793 levels were confirmed via high-performance liquid chromatography assay. Progression of the disease for each subject was monitored via @entity227 and color Doppler imaging of ophthalmic and posterior ciliary arteries at the beginning and at the 6th and 12th months of this study. RESULTS: The average differences between the pulsatility indexes (PI) and resistivity indexes (RI) of both @entity432 ( @entity432 ) and posterior ciliary arteries (PCA) of Groups B and C were significantly lower than those of Group A at months 6 and 12. In trial groups, RI decreases observed in PCAs at months 6 and 12 and PI decreases observed in @entity29624 at the 6th month were statistically significant. Differences of mean deviations with visual fields in Groups B and C were highly significantly lower than that of Group A. CONCLUSIONS: - @entity4793 deserves attention beyond its antioxidant properties for protecting retina from @entity16 .

title: Clinical evaluation of the neuroprotective effect of @entity1881 against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field measurements']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous damage']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['tocopherol acetate']

entities_list: @entity4793 :: ('MESH:D024505', 'Chemical') :: ['Tocopherol', 'tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'ophthalmic arteries']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['glaucomatous damage']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the University of Florida experience in treating @entity424 , analyze prognostic factors, and provide treatment recommendations. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Forty-one @entity1 with @entity424 and no metastases outside the central nervous system received postoperative radiotherapy with curative intent between 1966 and 1989. Ten @entity1 had supratentorial lesions, 22 had infratentorial lesions, and 9 had @entity602 . All @entity1 had surgery (stereotactic biopsy, subtotal resection, or gross total resection). Most @entity1 with high-grade lesions received radiotherapy to the @entity2270 . Low-grade @entity1504 received more limited treatment. @entity602 were treated using either partial spine or whole spine fields. RESULTS: Of 32 @entity5 , 21 recurred, all at the primary site; no spinal @entity4097 recurred. Overall 10-year survival rates were 51% (absolute) and 46% (relapse-free); by @entity5 site: spinal cord, 100%; infratentorial, 45%; supratentorial, 20% (p = 0.002). On multivariate analysis, @entity5 site was the only factor that influenced absolute survival (p = 0.0004); other factors evaluated included grade, gender, age, duration of symptoms, resection extent, primary @entity5 dose, treatment field extent, surgery-to-radiotherapy interval, and days under radiotherapy treatment. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with supratentorial or @entity5 receive irradiation, regardless of grade. @entity2270 fields are used when spinal seeding is radiographically or pathologically evident. @entity4097 are treated using localized fields to the primary site if not completely resected. Failure to control disease at the primary site remains the main impediment to cure.

title: XXXX : results, prognostic factors and treatment recommendations.

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma', 'ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intracranial tumors', 'infratentorial tumors']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord lesions', 'spinal cord lesions']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial lesions']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord tumors', 'cord tumors']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['Craniospinal-axis', 'craniospinal axis']

answer: @entity424 :: (MESH:D004806,Disease) :: ['Ependymoma']


abstract: This study aims to investigate whether the immunohistochemical levels of expression of galectin-3 and the @entity6785 ( @entity6785 ) are associated with prognostic values in @entity1 @entity14 . This was performed on 99 specimens including 69 @entity14 (17 Dukes A, 19 @entity3 that we labeled as D), 10 hepatic metastases from @entity14 and 20 normal specimens (biopsies). The immunohistochemical levels of expression of @entity6785 and galectin-3 were quantified on routine histological slides by means of computer-assisted microscopy. Separate analyses were performed on epithelial and connective tissue. The levels of expression of both @entity6785 and galectin-3 were very significantly higher in @entity5 tissue when compared with normal epithelial specimens. A positive and significant correlation between @entity6785 and galectin-3 expression was evidenced in connective @entity5 tissue, and in particular in the cases associated with short survival periods (less than 5 years). In the case of the @entity5 , we established two new prognostic groups (labeled I and II) on the basis of the levels of galectin-3 expression measured in the @entity5 epithelium. In the case of the @entity5 , we established two other prognostic groups (labeled III and IV) on the basis of the levels of @entity6785 expression measured in the connective tissue. Kaplan-Meyer analyses confirmed the additional prognostic values (as compared with conventional clinical staging) given by this new classification (groups I to IV). They show that the @entity5 characterized by low levels of galectin-3 expression in the @entity5 epithelium are associated with significantly better prognoses than those characterized by high levels. In addition, the @entity5 characterized by high levels of @entity6785 expression in the connective @entity5 tissue are associated with significantly better prognoses than those characterized by low levels. In conclusions, @entity6785 and galectin-3 expression levels in @entity14 are related to their levels of biological @entity146 . These markers could be used to identify @entity1 at risk, for whom more aggressive adjuvant therapy seems to be indicated.

title: Prognostic values of galectin-3 and the @entity6785 ( XXXX ) in @entity1 @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Dukes C or D tumors', 'tumor', 'Dukes A or B tumors', 'epithelial tumor']

entities_list: @entity6785 :: ('4282', 'Gene') :: ['MIF', 'macrophage migration inhibitory factor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Dukes B, 15 Dukes C and 18 metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal tumors']

answer: @entity6785 :: (4282,Gene) :: ['MIF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The 5-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) provides key information, including clues that a @entity1 may be experiencing @entity741 , usually demonstrated in the ST segment. Studies have shown that nursing knowledge regarding @entity63 monitoring is suboptimal, even though national guidelines for ECG monitoring were published in 2004 by the American Heart Association and endorsed by the American Association of Critical Care Nurses. PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to identify best practice regarding 5-lead ECG @entity741 monitoring, assess current unit-level practice at 1 institution, and to educate nurses on proper monitoring using a nurse-led, evidence-based intervention. METHODS: The authors created an educational PowerPoint designed to educate nurses on proper lead selection to monitor the ST segment for @entity1 admitted with known or suspected @entity741 and developed a 3-part online survey to assess current unit practice and to assess knowledge before and after intervention. RESULTS: A total of 18 registered nurses (RNs) completed the survey. Results indicated that RNs lacked knowledge regarding continuous ECG monitoring for @entity63 and had room for improvement in their everyday practice habits. The knowledge preintervention test mean score (out of 9) was 3.11 (SD, 1.68), and the postintervention test mean score was 6.94 (SD, 1.55), which was significant (P = .000). The intervention also significantly improved the monitoring comfort level of RNs, with a preintervention comfort level of 2.53 (SD, 1.07) and a postintervention level of 3.41 (SD, 1.00) (P = .007). The process allowed the authors to reflect on the key steps of implementing evidence-based projects in nursing units. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous, 5-lead ECG monitoring is an active process that requires clinical decision making by the nurse and is not a passive activity. Registered nurses in this sample demonstrated a lack of knowledge regarding ECG monitoring for @entity63 that was improved with an online educational intervention and reported intentional daily practice pattern changes postintervention testing. A unit-level intervention driven by nurses may be successful at improving fellow RNs' knowledge and evidence-based practice.

title: Nurses' Practices and Lead Selection in Monitoring for XXXX : An Evidence-Based Quality Improvement Project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Ischemia']


abstract: Age at @entity302 onset has a broad impact on brain plasticity and @entity302 pathomechanisms. @entity410 in early childhood (FS) constitute an initial precipitating insult (IPI) commonly associated with @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ). FS- @entity1315 @entity1 may have @entity66 onset, i.e. just after the IPI, in early childhood, or late-onset, ranging from mid-adolescence to early adult life. The mechanisms governing early (E) or late (L) disease onset are largely unknown. In order to unveil the molecular pathways underlying E and L subtypes of FS- @entity1315 we investigated global gene expression in hippocampal @entity1400 explants of FS- @entity1315 @entity1 submitted to hippocampectomy. Gene coexpression networks (GCNs) were obtained for the E and L @entity1 groups. A network-based approach for GCN analysis was employed allowing: i) the visualization and analysis of differentially expressed (DE) and complete (CO) - all valid GO annotated transcripts - GCNs for the E and L groups; ii) the study of interactions between all the system's constituents based on community detection and coarse-grained community structure methods. We found that the E-DE communities with strongest connection weights harbor highly connected genes mainly related to @entity410 , whereas in L-DE communities these genes are not only involved in network excitability but also playing roles in other @entity302 -related processes. Inversely, in @entity64446 the strongly connected communities are related to compensatory pathways ( @entity410 inhibition, neuronal survival and responses to stress conditions) while in L-CO these communities harbor several genes related to pro- @entity302 effects, @entity410 -related mechanisms and vulnerability to @entity302 . These results fit the concept, based on fMRI and behavioral studies, that early onset @entity302 , although impacting more severely the hippocampus, are associated to compensatory mechanisms, while in late @entity1315 development the brain is less able to generate adaptive mechanisms, what has implications for @entity302 management and drug discovery.

title: Community structure analysis of transcriptional networks reveals distinct molecular pathways for early- and late-onset XXXX with @entity410 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'neural excitability and febrile seizures', 'Prolonged febrile seizures']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early disease']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['MTLE', 'mesial temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies', 'epileptic', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: @entity1582 cells express the idiotype (Id)-specific antigen that may be targeted by Id vaccination. Six @entity1 with stage I IgG @entity1582 were immunized with the autologous purified M component together with the adjuvant cytokines interleukin 12 (IL-12) alone or in combination with @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ). The effect of Id vaccination on circulating @entity5 B cells was monitored by a real-time allele-specific oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction method. No other treatment was given. @entity551 mass was observed in 4 of 6 @entity1 , with one @entity1 achieving a complete molecular remission in blood. In 3 of these 4 @entity1 an Id-specific T-cell response was induced. In the remaining 2 @entity1 with an unchanged level of @entity5 cells, one @entity1 mounted a T-cell response, whereas the other did not. No significant change in the serum M protein level was noted. Id vaccination may target clonal B cells, suggesting that this strategy might be conducive to achieving @entity5 control. The clinical significance of these findings remains to be established.

title: Idiotype vaccination in multiple XXXX induced a reduction of circulating @entity5 B cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['clonal tumor', 'tumor', 'blood tumor']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['myeloma', 'Myeloma']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Reduction of blood tumor']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: Thirty eight @entity1 with @entity981 were treated protocol 0171 (VCR, PRED, @entity1500 , @entity786 +/- +/- @entity7275 ) and protocol 0276/A (VRC, PRED, L-ASP, @entity1500 , @entity7275 , @entity786 ). Overall complete remission rate in both studies was 84--85%, and additional treatment in protocol 0171 resulted in complete remission rate of 92%. Median duration of complete remission in protocol 0171 was 23 months and median survival of all @entity1 was 33 months. Six @entity1 randomized to regimen "A" (without @entity7275 in intensification) had median duration of complete remission 8 months and media survival was 13 months. Seventeen @entity1 treated with regimen "B" (with @entity7275 in intensification) had median duration of complete remission 25 months and median survival was 39 months. Median survival of @entity1 allocated on protocol 0276/A in 21+ months and median duration of complete remission @entity4318 months at present. Twelve percent of @entity1 treated with the best regimen have survived more than 66 months in continuous complete remission. The incidence of drug related @entity204 in complete responders was 6%. The relapses were most frequent during the first two years of remission. @entity1778 as the initial site of relapse was observed in 9% of @entity1 .

title: Treatment of adult XXXX : results of two trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['Extramedullary leukemia']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this cohort of individuals with and without @entity15 ( @entity15 ), we illustrate some of the novel approaches that smartphones provide to monitor @entity1 with chronic @entity16 in their natural setting. METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity1 pairs ( @entity15 and cohabitant) aged 18-55 years participated in the study. Each @entity1 received an Android HTC Sensation 4G smartphone containing a custom application suite of 19 tests capturing @entity1 performance and @entity1 -reported outcomes (PROs). Over 1 year, @entity1 were prompted daily to complete one assigned test. RESULTS: A total of 22 @entity1 with @entity15 and 17 cohabitants completed the entire study. Among @entity1 with @entity15 , low scores on PROs relating to @entity227 were associated with dropout (p < 0.05). We illustrate several novel features of a smartphone platform. First, fluctuations in @entity15 outcomes (e.g., fatigue) were assessed against an individual's ambient environment by linking responses to meteorological data. Second, both response accuracy and speed for the Ishihara color vision test were captured, highlighting the benefits of both active and passive data collection. Third, a new trait, a @entity1 -specific learning curve in neuropsychological testing, was identified using spline analysis. Finally, averaging repeated measures over the study yielded the most robust correlation matrix of the different outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS: We report the feasibility of, and barriers to, deploying a smartphone platform to gather useful passive and active performance data at high frequency in an unstructured manner in the field. A smartphone platform may therefore enable large-scale naturalistic studies of @entity1 with @entity15 or other @entity16 .

title: Evaluating more naturalistic outcome measures: A 1-year smartphone study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic diseases', 'neurologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['mental and visual function']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1143 ( @entity1143 ) is a rare complication of advanced @entity1575 , which may lead to an operation when uncontrolled. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the modality of the occurrence of @entity1143 and to describe its surgical management. METHODS: We studied 21 @entity1 who were referred to the department of thoracic surgery because of massive and recurrent @entity1143 caused by @entity1575 . The @entity1143 was a transudate in 16 @entity1 and an exudate in 5. Talc pleurodesis was attempted in all @entity1 . The @entity1 were divided into two groups. Video assisted thoracoscopy was performed in 13 @entity1 in whom the clinical condition permitted general anesthesia; the @entity1143 was entirely explored before pleurodesis (group 1). Chest tube drainage alone was performed in 8 @entity1 who were unable to undergo general anesthesia; talc pleurodesis was performed through the chest tube in these @entity1 (group 2). RESULTS: In group 1 the @entity1143 was right-sided in 8 @entity1 , left-sided in 3, and bilateral in 2. @entity2914 were observed in 2 @entity1 , and a fluid leak oozing from the diaphragm was observed in 1 @entity1 . Ten @entity1 were considered cured and were without recurrence. Two @entity1 underwent late recurrence before dying from their @entity1575 . Only 1 @entity1 had an early recurrence that was cured by complementary talc slurry. In group 2 all @entity1 presented with a right @entity1143 ; of these, 3 @entity1 died from @entity326 caused by @entity281 . Three @entity1 underwent early recurrence but were cured after repeat talc slurry. One @entity1 had a midterm recurrence. One @entity1 had an early recurrence treated by intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt with partial improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Passage of ascites through diaphragmatic defects appears to be the main cause of @entity1143 complicating @entity82 . @entity1 may benefit from talc pleurodesis. Video assisted thoracoscopy pleurodesis is the technique of choice with consistent results. Repeated talc injection through the drain may prove useful for @entity1 in poor clinical status.

title: Recurrent XXXX complicating @entity1575 .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pleural effusion', 'Pleural effusion', 'pleural cavity']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['Diaphragmatic defects']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['pleural infection']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural effusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: In liver transplantation ischaemia-reperfusion injury of the graft reduces hepatic tissue oxygenation which has prognostic value for @entity1 survival. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can measure extracellular (haemoglobin oxygenation) and intracellular tissue oxygenation (cytochrome oxidase oxidation). However, it has not been validated for measuring hepatic tissue oxygenation in an experimental model with graded @entity519 . METHODS: New Zealand White @entity95 (2.9+/-0.3 kg, n=9) underwent laparotomy for liver exposure. Heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, arterial blood pH and blood gas partial pressures were monitored during the experiments. Near infrared spectroscopy probes were placed on the liver surface to record continuously hepatic @entity7672 , deoxyhaemoglobin and cytochrome oxidase oxidation. Graded @entity519 was achieved by stepwise reduction of the inspired @entity26 from 15 to 4%. During recovery from @entity519 30% @entity26 was administered. RESULTS: There was an immediate reduction of hepatic @entity7672 with @entity519 and a simultaneous increase of hepatic deoxyhaemoglobin. Hepatic @entity7672 showed a positive correlation with arterial @entity26 pressure (r=0.77, p<0.001). Hepatic deoxyhaemoglobin showed a negative correlation with arterial @entity26 pressure (r=-0.75, p<0.001). Hepatic cytochrome oxidase decreased significantly with an inspired @entity26 of 10% or less and showed a positive correlation with arterial @entity26 pressure (r= 0.90, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Near infrared spectroscopy is an effective method for monitoring hepatic extracellular and intracellular tissue oxygenation.

title: Effect of graded XXXX on hepatic tissue oxygenation measured by near infrared spectroscopy.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity7672 :: ('CHEBI:7861', 'Chemical') :: ['oxyhaemoglobin']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the changes in the localization of @entity1457 proteins (Hsps) and acquisition of thermotolerance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A @entity1 @entity418 cell line was used. Fractionated heat treatment with different recovery times was performed to develop thermotolerance. Changes in the localization and the expression of Hsps were examined by the immunofluorescence and immunoblot analysis. In order to inhibit Hsps induction, @entity1879 inhibitor, @entity55762 , was used. In addition, changes in susceptibility of apoptosis induction were also evaluated in thermotolerant or non-thermotolerant cells. RESULTS: Thermotolerance reached its peak at the recovery time of 120 minutes after the first heat and maximum thermotolerance was observed in consistence with the timing of appearance of cytoplasmic @entity1878 . Suppression of cytoplasmic @entity1878 positivity caused by @entity55762 resulted in inhibition of acquisition of thermotolerance. @entity522 activation and @entity12982 cleavage, that were suppressed in thermotolerant cells, re-appeared by using @entity55762 , in combination with heat. CONCLUSION: The cytoplasmic localization of @entity1878 might be correlated with the development of thermotolerance.

title: Changes in the localization of @entity1457 protein 72 correlated with development of thermotolerance in @entity1 XXXX cell line.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1729 are common in @entity64 . Previous studies have found @entity1282 is associated with @entity1729 . Of interest is whether @entity1 who are 'Nil by Mouth' (NBM) and tube fed have higher risk of developing @entity281 due to aspiration of bacteria-laden saliva or refluxed material than @entity64 @entity1 who are fed orally. METHODS: Prospective cohort of 330 @entity385 survivors were followed for 30 days and @entity281 recorded. RESULTS: 115 @entity281 were treated with antibiotics; these included 51 @entity1729 . Incidence of @entity281 in NBM tube-fed @entity64 @entity1 (n = 74) was 69%, with 30 @entity1729 occurring in 74 @entity1 who received enteral feeding after @entity64 . Logistic regression analysis showed tube feeding during admission was a significant risk for @entity1729 . We also saw a significant time-to-event effect with 73% (22/30) @entity1729 in tube-fed survivors diagnosed on days 2-4 after @entity64 , and 76% (39/51) of @entity281 in all tube-fed survivors occurring by day 7 after @entity64 . Relevance to a theory of critical period of susceptibility to @entity281 in @entity64 is discussed. CONCLUSIONS: NBM tube-fed survivors were unlikely to have aspirated anything other than saliva/secretions or reflux, yet experienced significantly higher rates of @entity1729 than survivors fed orally. Stringent oral care and measures to prevent reflux are potentially modifiable aspects of @entity64 management.

title: High incidence of @entity1729 in 'nil by mouth' tube-fed acute @entity385 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory infections', 'respiratory infections', 'respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although @entity2531 are assumed to be chronic clinical conditions, epidemiological knowledge on their natural course based on representative samples is not available. METHOD: Data come from a prospective epidemiologic study of adolescents and young adults in Munich, Germany. Respondents' diagnoses (N = 2548) at baseline and follow-up on average 42 months later are considered. The follow-up incidence, stability as well as selected baseline risk factors (sociodemographics, psychopathology, trauma exposure) for the incidence and @entity2531 and @entity751 are prospectively examined. Diagnostic information was assessed by using the standardized Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI). RESULTS: Over the follow-up period, incidence rate for any of the covered somatoform diagnoses was 25.7%. Stability for the overall group of any somatoform @entity74 was 48%. Female gender, lower social class, the experience of any substance use, @entity148 and @entity1316 as well as the experience of traumatic sexual and physical threat events predicted new onsets of somatoform conditions, while stability was predicted by being female, prior existing substance use, affective and @entity1277 as well as the experience of a serious accident. CONCLUSIONS: At least for a substantial proportion of individuals, the overall picture of somatization seems to be relatively stable, but with fluctuation in the symptom picture over time. Being female, the experience of substance use as well as @entity148 seem to constitute risk factors for the onset of new somatoform conditions as well as for a stable course over time.

title: The natural course of DSM-IV @entity2531 and XXXX among adolescents and young adults: a prospective-longitudinal community study.

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['syndromes']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['stability of somatoform disorders', 'somatoform disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['disorder/syndrome']

answer: @entity751 :: (MESH:D013577,Disease) :: ['syndromes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess attitudes and acceptability of Ontario consumers and doctors towards colorectal screening with @entity1503 testing (FOBT) and colonoscopy. DESIGN, SETTING AND @entity1 : Focus groups with gender-specific samples of the population, high-risk gastroenterology @entity1 and family doctors. METHOD: Semi-structured interview guides used by facilitator to lead groups through knowledge of risk factors and prevention of @entity14 , the screening modalities, requirements for implementing screening programmes, barriers to screening and preferences towards screening. MAIN FINDINGS: There were low levels of knowledge about @entity14 and its prevention in the general population. FOBT was an acceptable screening modality, but considerable education about its use and benefits would be necessary to implement a screening programme. Colonoscopy was not perceived to be a good choice for a primary screen in the general population. The high-risk group supported use of FOBT in the general population and emphasized the need for education. The doctors were more reluctant about screening, requesting clear guidelines. They also identified the time and resources that would be required if a screening programme were initiated. CONCLUSION: While colorectal screening is acceptable in this sample, information and decision aids are required to enable consumers and providers to make effective decisions. Implementation of colorectal screening programmes requires substantial educational efforts for both consumers and doctors.

title: Perspectives on XXXX screening: a focus group study.

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['faecal occult blood']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: AIMS: In the metastatic stage, @entity320 is resistant to systemic treatment and carries a poor prognosis. A critical, evidence-based analysis of standard approaches based on an extended search of published literature and from different Internet sources is presented. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A critical, evidence-based analysis of standard approaches and their variations to systemic therapy based on an extended search of published literature and from different Internet sources is presented. Few meta-analyses are available. Therefore, assessment of therapies is mainly based on randomized multicentre studies or clinical studies achieving an evidence level grade 1 or 2. RESULTS: Monotherapy with @entity2699 ( @entity2699 ) is the standard. Based on overall survival data, polychemotherapies cannot be recommended. Combination of polychemotherapy with the cytokines interferon-alpha and @entity1199 substantially augments chemotherapy induced response rates, but a meta-analysis for survival does not support its therapeutic superiority. Biological therapies such as vaccinations have not yet delivered results on a higher evidence level. Thus, immunotherapies as well as chemo-immunotherapies will have to be evaluated in further studies. CONCLUSIONS: Although the therapeutic efficacy is very limited, @entity2699 cannot be rejected as standard therapy for disseminated @entity320 , because no other therapeutic regimen exhibits a survival benefit over DTIC in an evidence-based analysis. This lack of therapeutic progress over the past 40 years clearly calls for further clinical studies, and @entity1 should be enrolled into clinical trials whenever possible.

title: Systemic therapy of disseminated XXXX : an evidence-based overview of the state-of-the-art in daily routine.

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine', 'DTIC']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Chronic @entity409 remain asymptomatic for many years. Consequently, @entity1 are diagnosed belatedly, when @entity82 is unmasked by lifethreatening complications. We aimed to identify simple ultrasound parameters for the screening of @entity1 with unknown significant @entity409 . METHODS: Three hundred and twenty seven @entity1 with @entity409 , liver biopsy, and ultrasound examination were included in the derivation set. 283 consecutive @entity1 referred for ultrasound examination were included in the validation set; those selected according to the ultrasound parameters identified in the derivation set were then referred for specialized consultation including non-invasive @entity82 tests and ultimately liver biopsy if @entity1575 was suspected. RESULTS: In the derivation set, three ultrasound parameters were independent predictors of severe @entity82 : liver surface irregularity, spleen length (>110mm), and demodulation of hepatic veins. The association of >= 2 of the three above parameters provided 49.1% sensitivity and 86.9% specificity. In the validation set, at >= 2 of the three parameters were present in 23 (8%) of the @entity1 . Among these @entity1 , 8 had @entity1575 (F>= 1), 5 had significant @entity82 (F>= 2) and two @entity82 . CONCLUSION: The generalized search of three simple ultrasound signs in @entity1 referred for abdominal ultrasound examination may be an easy way to detect those with silent but significant @entity409 .

title: Screening for significant XXXX by using three simple ultrasound parameters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease', 'liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['chronic liver disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated the prognostic role of volume-based parameters measured on @entity419 (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) scans in @entity1 with @entity788 ( @entity788 ) treated with chemoradiation therapy (CRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 60 @entity1 with @entity788 who underwent FDG PET/CT before CRT. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic @entity5 volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of primary @entity788 were measured on FDG PET/CT scans. Treatment response was evaluated according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 . Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine independent prognostic factors. RESULTS: The progression-free survival (PFS), locoregional progression-free survival (LRFPS), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) for this population were 6.2, 10.9, and 13.2 months, respectively. The overall treatment response rate was 16.7% at 4 weeks after CRT, and the disease control rate (DCR) was 80.0%. DCR was significantly higher in @entity1 with low SUVmax, MTV, or TLG, and showed strong correlation with longer survival times. On univariate analysis, MTV and TLG were significant prognostic factors for PFS, LRPFS, and @entity1349 , together with pre-CRT and post-CRT CA19-9 levels. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that MTV together with the pre-CRT CA19-9 level were independent prognostic factors for PFS, LRPFS, and @entity1349 , as was TLG for LRPFS and @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: MTV and the pre-CRT CA19-9 level provided independent prognostic information in @entity1 with @entity788 treated with CRT. Volume-based PET/CT parameters may be useful in identifying which subgroup of @entity1 would benefit from radiation therapy as a part of CRT.

title: Prognostic Significance of Volume-Based FDG PET/CT Parameters in @entity1 with Locally Advanced XXXX Treated with Chemoradiation Therapy.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['locally advanced pancreatic cancer', 'LAPC', 'pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Solid Tumors']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Cancer']


abstract: The present prospective multicentre trial investigated whether @entity1945 , given at a starting dose of 1.25 mg.m(-2) with individual dose adjustment, can improve safety in @entity1 with relapsed/ @entity151 without loss of efficacy. @entity1 received @entity1945 intravenously on days 1-5, every 21 days, for up to six courses. In the absence of relevant haematotoxicities, @entity1945 was increased to 1.5 mg.m(-2) and reduced to 1.0 mg.m(-2) in case of severe haematotoxicities. Of 170 recruited @entity1 , 73.2% had stage IV disease and 63.4% had @entity902 -containing pre-treatment. @entity1 received a total of 521 courses. In 72.6% of those courses, the dose remained at 1.25 mg.m(-2); in 9.1% it was reduced and in 18.3% it increased. Overall response rate was 14.1% including one complete response; 28.8% had stable disease. Median duration of response was 13.6 weeks and median survival was 23.4 weeks. Clinical benefit was obvious for sensitive as well as for refractory @entity1 . Haematotoxicity of grade 3 or 4 was clearly lower compared with the standard dose of 1.5 mg.m(-2). In conclusion, @entity1945 at a dose of 1.25 mg.m(-2) appears to be as effective as the dose of 1.5 mg.m(-2), but with reduced @entity137 . Since @entity1 with recurrent @entity151 have a poor prognosis, they benefit especially from good tolerability.

title: Efficacy of a XXXX -adjusted @entity1945 therapy in recurrent @entity151 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['refractory small cell lung cancer', 'small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity1945 :: ('MESH:D019772', 'Chemical') :: ['topotecan']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: Relatively little research has documented functional recovery following traumatic @entity1545 using neuroimaging techniques. This study aimed to examine the effects of moderate-to-severe @entity1545 on brain functioning over time. RESEARCH DESIGN: Eight brain-injured @entity1 completed motor and visual tasks during fMRI at two time points within the first year following injury. Changes in functional activation within ROIs and in dispersion of activation were evaluated across time points. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: @entity1 demonstrated significantly reduced activation intensity within the ROI over time for the motor task, but not the RPS task. @entity1 demonstrated a (non-significant) trend toward reduced functional dispersion over time. Most @entity1 demonstrated greater activation within (vs outside) the ROI for both tasks. Variability among @entity1 , in terms of activation intensity and dispersion, was evident. CONCLUSIONS: The findings provide support for the occurrence of functional recovery over the first year post-injury, with fewer resources utilized during task completion over time. Additionally, results suggest that variability in functional activation and activation in brain regions typically activated among controls could be anticipated in a moderate-severe @entity131 group. Lastly, simple motor and visual tasks may be useful in efforts to demonstrate functional recovery over time.

title: Evaluation of changes in motor and visual functional activation over time following moderate-to-severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: Extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary radiologic features of @entity6924 and @entity120 ( @entity120 ) and the clinical expressions that coincide with the radiologic features of these 2 forms of @entity120 have not previously been characterized. Computed tomography (CT) and pulmonary CT angiography (CTA) utilized GE High Speed Advantage or Siemens Evolution electron beam tomographic (EBT) scanners in 31 @entity1 with @entity358 (PVD) (group A: 12 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 ; mean age 38 +/- 4 years) and in 13 @entity1 with @entity120 -acyanotic PVD (group B: mean age 30 +/- 3 years). Ten group A and 3 group B @entity1 underwent imaging twice, yielding 57 studies. Group A @entity1 ' extrapulmonary radiologic features included proximal pulmonary arteries that were consistently enlarged, and were aneurysmal in 13%, causing @entity2850 and @entity891 . @entity715 were uniformly present and mild in 71% and moderate to massive in 29% of @entity1 . Massive proximal @entity715 caused asphyxic death and augmented right-to-left shunts by increasing flow resistance. Mild to extensive mural @entity730 occurred in 26% of @entity1 . Intrapulmonary radiologic features included @entity1188 , @entity548 , @entity2488 , and @entity2295 . Group B @entity1 ' extrapulmonary radiologic features included proximal pulmonary arteries that were consistently enlarged but not aneurysmal and devoid of @entity715 . Mild to extensive mural @entity730 occurred in 23% of these @entity1 . Intrapulmonary radiologic features were confined to mosaic attenuation and @entity2488 .

title: Proximal pulmonary arterial and intrapulmonary radiologic features of XXXX and @entity120 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intrapulmonary hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial/systemic arterial collaterals', 'bronchial/systemic collaterals']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularity']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'PPH', 'primary pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial compression']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcific deposits']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['cyanotic pulmonary vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['intrapulmonary embolic infarction']

entities_list: @entity6924 :: ('MESH:D004541', 'Disease') :: ['Eisenmenger syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses', 'Thromboses']

answer: @entity6924 :: (MESH:D004541,Disease) :: ['Eisenmenger syndrome']


abstract: A study was conducted to determine whether a @entity5965 ribosomal vaccine would protect @entity291 from @entity21138 ( @entity21138 ). Each of 16 @entity291 were given 2 inoculations 21 days apart. Twenty-one days after the 2nd inoculation, 8 of the @entity291 were challenge exposed with a homologous strain culture and 8 @entity291 were challenge exposed to a heterologous strain culture of @entity2499 . Sedimentation velocity analysis of the ribosomes used in this study indicated that they were mostly 30S and 50S subunits. Chemical assays indicated that the ribosomes were composed of 64% to 65% RNA and 35% to 36% protein. The @entity6928 buoyant density of the ribosomes was 1.62 g/ml. Ribosomes used as antigen gave 1 line of precipitation in a gel-diffusion precipitin test with hyperimmune serum against the whole-cell antigen of the homologous strain of @entity2499 . The eyes of all the experimentally exposed @entity291 became infected and all @entity291 developed clinical signs of either unilateral or bilateral @entity21138 . None of the sera of the vaccinated @entity291 had detectable precipitins against the ribosomal antigen at the time they were challenge exposed, but most of the sera had precipitins against whole-cell and pilus antigens. The results indicate that @entity2499 ribosomes, although similar to other bacterial ribosomes, did not protect @entity291 against @entity21138 .

title: Isolation of @entity5965 ribosomes and their subsequent use in a vaccine against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity21138 :: ('MESH:D007639', 'Disease') :: ['IBK', 'infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity5965 :: ('476', 'Species') :: ['Moraxella bovis']

entities_list: @entity6928 :: ('MESH:C028019', 'Chemical') :: ['cesium chloride']

answer: @entity21138 :: (MESH:D007639,Disease) :: ['infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fracture of the distal radius is a common clinical problem, particularly in older white @entity1 with @entity170 . @entity174 are usually reduced using closed reduction methods, which are non-surgical and generally comprise traction and manipulation, and the resulting position stabilised by external means, typically plaster cast immobilisation. OBJECTIVES: To examine the evidence for the relative effectiveness of different methods of closed reduction for displaced @entity174 of the distal radius in adults. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Injuries Group specialised register (to July 2002), the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (The Cochrane Library, Issue 3, 2002), MEDLINE (1966 to July week 4 2002), EMBASE (1988 to 2002 week 31), CINAHL (1982 to June week 4 2002), the UK National Research Register (Issue 2, 2002) and reference lists of articles. We also handsearched the British Volume of the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery supplements (1996 onwards), and abstracts of the American Orthopaedic @entity130 Association annual meetings. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised or quasi-randomised clinical trials evaluating different methods of closed reduction. We also included trials in which the use (or not) of anaesthesia could be classed as a co-intervention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: All trials judged as fitting the selection criteria by both reviewers were independently assessed by both reviewers for methodological quality. Data were extracted independently by one reviewer and checked by the other. Quantitative data are presented using relative risks or mean differences together with 95 per cent confidence limits. No pooling was possible. MAIN RESULTS: Three trials involving a total of 404, mainly female and older, @entity1 with displaced @entity174 of the distal radius were included. These failed to assess functional outcome, and only one trial reported on complications. One trial found no statistically significant differences between mechanical reduction using finger trap traction and manual reduction in anatomical outcomes. One trial compared a novel method of manual reduction where the non-anaesthetised @entity1 actively provided counter-traction versus traditional manual reduction under intravenous regional anaesthesia. While @entity1 of the novel method group suffered more, yet not intolerable, @entity158 during the reduction procedure, the latter was shorter in duration. No differences in anatomical outcome were detected. The third study compared mechanical reduction involving a special device without anaesthesia versus manual reduction under @entity616 (local anaesthesia). @entity158 during the reduction procedure was recorded for the mechanical traction group. Both methods yielded similar radiological results. Fewer @entity1 in the mechanical traction group had signs of @entity16 , mainly finger numbness, at five weeks but this difference was not statistically significant by one year. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There was insufficient evidence from comparisons tested within randomised trials to establish the relative effectiveness of different methods of closed reduction used in the treatment of displaced @entity174 of the distal radius in adults. Given the many unresolved questions over the management of these @entity174 , we suggest an integrated programme of research, which includes consideration of reduction methods, is the way forward.

title: Closed reduction methods for treating XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Displaced fractures']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['haematoma block']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'Less pain']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['distal radial fractures']


abstract: Previous studies suggest that chronic depolarization by addition of 25 mM @entity4338 or @entity1024 to primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells promotes expression of the @entity1024 subtype of @entity2227 receptor, as determined by electrophysiological responsiveness and susceptibility to excitotoxicity. Recent studies have demonstrated that acute mild @entity520 reduces @entity1024 receptor channel activity by a non-competitive action of H+ on an extracellular site of the receptor channel complex. Since the level of @entity1024 receptor expression in granule cell cultures is activity-dependent, we examined whether chronic mildly acidotic culture conditions would selectively diminish the level of @entity1024 responsiveness in granule cells, in effect producing a functional level of expression more comparable to that observed in vivo. To test this, cerebellar granule cells from eight-day neonatal @entity35 were grown in an HCO3-buffered medium containing elevated K+ (25 mM @entity4338 ) either under standard conditions (95% air/5% @entity515 , pH 7.4), or under chronic mildly acidotic conditions (90% air/10% @entity515 , estimated pH of 7.1). @entity2227 receptor subtype expression was subsequently assessed using standard @entity2359 assays, a quantitative immunoblotting assay for @entity1024 receptors and whole cell patch clamp recordings. Cells grown in the 10% @entity515 environment exhibited a significant reduction in susceptibility to @entity8854 @entity2359 (at least 10-fold), but not @entity4176 -induced @entity2359 , relative to cells grown in 5% @entity515 . In both culture conditions, @entity8854 - and @entity4176 -induced @entity137 were mediated by activation of @entity1024 and non- @entity1024 receptors, respectively, as determined by the sensitivity of agonist-induced @entity137 to specific receptor antagonists. Using polyclonal antibodies generated against a peptide sequence recognizing five of eight splice variants in the common "R1" subunit of @entity1024 receptors, a 31% reduction in the amount of immunoreactive protein was observed in membrane preparations from cells grown in 10% @entity515 , relative to the amount detected in cells grown in 5% @entity515 . Moreover, perfusion of cells with @entity2227 (50 microM) in a nominally @entity1025 -free solution containing @entity2228 (2 microM) elicited @entity1024 antagonist-sensitive inward currents in proportionately fewer cells cultured in 10% @entity515 , relative to cells cultured in 5% @entity515 . Long-term survival was also significantly enhanced in cells exposed chronically to mild acidotic culture conditions, relative to cells grown under standard pH conditions (22 days, 10% @entity515 vs 16 days, 5% @entity515 ).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Chronic mild XXXX specifically reduces functional expression of @entity1024 receptors and increases long-term survival in primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells.

entities_list: @entity8854 :: ('CHEBI:29985', 'Chemical') :: ['L-glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity520 :: (MESH:D000138,Disease) :: ['acidosis']


abstract: The technical aspects of fusion of the rheumatoid ankle do not deviate from those in the post-traumatic or osteoarthritic ankle. Screw fixation can usually be achieved, and rarely is fixation failure a problem in @entity309 . If fixation is difficult because of @entity79 , external fixation or locking intramedullary nails should be used. The placement of cannulated screws and adequacy of screw fixation has not been a problem (Fig. 13). Screw fixation provides compression and prevents rotation. The surgeon, however, needs to be assured that no screws invade the subtalar joint and that all threads are beyond the arthrodesis site. A washer may be necessary for further stability if this screw is not inserted at too great an angle. The authors have found that troughing out of the cortical surface of the tibia with a power bur aids in screw insertion. Not only does the trough act as a countersink, but it also provides a path for screw insertion and prevents palpable screw irritation. Malalignment is unforgiving. The foot must be placed neutral to dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. Equinus positioning places added stress on the tibia and a back-knee gait occurs. Approximately 5 degrees of valgus is recommended, and varus positioning is unforgiving. Internal and external rotation is determined by the position of the contralateral extremity. Nonunion does not seem to be a problem with rigid internal fixation to any greater degree in @entity1 with @entity309 . Despite this, @entity1 may continue to have @entity158 despite solid fusion, which can be caused by @entity85 , @entity158 , or adjacent joint pathology. Additionally, @entity1 may experience @entity158 above the fusion site consistent with @entity1642 , which is more common if the subtalar or midtarsal joint is rigid or if the @entity1 is @entity28 . A rocker sole shoe with impact-absorbing soles used after brief periods of guarded mobilization in a removable walking cast alleviates this stress on the tibia. Neurovascular insult can be avoided with careful dissection direct to bone, incisions placed in nerve-free zones, and avoidance of plunging deep posteriorly-medially and anteriorly when dissecting and resecting surfaces. Arthrodesis of the tibiotalar joint in the @entity1 with @entity309 should be performed to relieve severe @entity158 caused by advanced @entity4040 . Achieving a solid arthrodesis does not seem to be a problem and provides the @entity1 with @entity158 relief; however, marked improvement in @entity1 function and level of activity remains limited by the nature of @entity309 and adjacent joint involvement.

title: Tibiotalar joint arthrodesis for the treatment of severe ankle joint degeneration secondary to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['deformity or bone quality']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['supramalleolar pain', 'pain', 'painful internal fixation']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete correction of deformity']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['tibial stress fracture']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid ankle arthrodesis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate our experience of using a simplified aortic valve sleeve procedure to treat @entity2333 and @entity439 with or without @entity337 . In experienced hands, 2 aortic valve-sparing procedures, ie, Yacoub and David, have yielded excellent long-term results in the treatment of @entity449 , with or without @entity337 . However, these techniques are demanding and not widely used. Recently, a new and simplified valve-sparing technique, named "sleeve procedure," has been proposed, and has yielded encouraging early results. METHODS: Ninety consecutive @entity1 with @entity449 underwent sleeve procedures from October 2006 to October 2012. Follow-up data (clinical 100% complete and echocardiographic 93% complete) were acquired from our outpatient clinic or from the referring cardiologist. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 61.5    12.5 years, 79% were male, 16 (18%) had a bicuspid valve, 3  had @entity1614 , and 2 had @entity1580 . Over a mean clinical follow-up of 34    19 months, 2 @entity1 died from noncardiac causes and 1 was reoperated on for the recurrence of @entity337 . On follow-up echocardiography after a mean of 18    9 months, @entity337 was absent/negligible, mild or moderate in 62%, 37%, and 1% of @entity1 , respectively, and the diameters of the annulus, Valsalva sinuses, and sinotubular junction were 27.3  + 2.2, 37.0  + 3.4, and 30.6  +  3.1 mm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our encouraging early and medium term results suggest that the sleeve procedure is a safe and effective aortic valve-sparing technique for the treatment of @entity2333 and @entity439 . However, longer follow-up is needed in order to draw definitive conclusions.

title: Early and medium term results of the sleeve valve-sparing procedure for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic root aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic root ectasia']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity2333 :: (MESH:D001018,Disease) :: ['aortic root ectasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess the efficacy and safety of endovascular embolization in the treatment of the carotid @entity397 . METHODS: A series of 21 @entity1 who had carotid @entity397 (CAR) with massive transoronasal or transcervical @entity548 , all treated with endovascular embolization, were reviewed. There were 17 males and 4 females ranging in age from 21 to 79 years, with a mean of 47 years. The predisposing factors of the CAR were @entity135 associated with surgical treatment and/or post-radiation therapy (n = 17), surgical complications (n = 1) and @entity130 (n = 3). Detachable balloons with liquid adhesives were used in 13 @entity1 for @entity432 and obliteration of @entity3538 . Liquid adhesives and/or coils were used in 8 @entity1 , in whom only the branches of the external carotid artery were involved (n = 6), or obliteration of a @entity2849 with preservation of the ICA (n = 2). RESULTS: Endovascular treatment was technically successful in all 21 cases of the CAR with cessation of profuse @entity548 immediately after embolization. No recurrence of @entity548 was observed. Two @entity1 developed @entity1269 several hours later after occlusion of the carotid artery (10%). Three @entity1 had a transient @entity63 attack; all returned to normal neurological conditions later (14%). Ten @entity1 having advanced @entity135 died during follow-up period owing to the disease itself. Clinical follow-up period for these @entity1 lasted 2 to 48 months, with a mean of 16 months. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic endovascular embolization of the CAR is the primary invasive modality for treating CAR with profuse @entity548 . It was proven both safe and effective over a relatively long follow-up period.

title: Endovascular treatment of the carotid XXXX with @entity548 .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck carcinoma', 'head and neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['permanent hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm of the internal or common carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['artery rupture']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vascular occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['artery rupture']


abstract: Given the potential effects of age on mortality, @entity717 among individuals with traumatic @entity1566 [(SCI), we examined these issues using a large, prospectively accrued clinical database. This study includes all @entity1 who were enrolled in the Third National @entity1566 Study (NASCIS 3). Motor, sensory, and @entity158 outcomes were assessed using NASCIS scores. Functional outcome was evaluated using the @entity177 ( @entity177 ). Data analyses included regression models adjusted for major potential confounders (i.e., sex, ethnicity, Glasgow @entity772 Scale [GCS] score, blood @entity167 concentration on admission, drug protocol, cause, and level and severity of SCI). Mortality rates among older @entity1 (> or =65 years) were significantly greater than those of younger individuals at 6 weeks, at 6 months, and at 1 year following SCI (38.6% versus 3.1%; p < 0.0001). Among survivors, age was not significantly correlated with motor recovery or change in @entity158 scores in the acute and chronic stages after SCI based on regression analyses adjusted for major confounders. However, older individuals experienced greater functional deficit (based on @entity177 scores) than younger individuals, despite experiencing similar rates of sensorimotor recovery (based on NASCIS scores). Our results suggest that older individuals have a substantially increased mortality rate during the first year following traumatic SCI in comparison with younger @entity1 . Among survivors, the potential of older @entity1 with SCI to neurologically improve within the first year post-injury does not appear to translate into similar functional recovery compared to that seen in younger individuals. Given this fact, rehabilitation protocols that are more focused on functional recovery may reduce disability among older @entity1 with acute traumatic SCI.

title: The impact of age on mortality, XXXX among adults with acute traumatic @entity1566 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FIM', 'Functional Independence Measure']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Cord Injury', 'spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['impairment, and disability']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['impairment, and disability']


abstract: The impact of annual single-dose community-wide treatment on the transmission of @entity10065 was investigated in 5 villages in the East Sepik Province where pretreatment prevalence of microfilaraemia ranged from 34% to 73%. Anopheles punctulatus and An. koliensis were the only carriers of the parasite. 3 villages received @entity6566 ( @entity6567 ) in combination with @entity3070 (IVR) and 2 received @entity6567 alone. The rate and intensity of microfilaraemia were both reduced in all 5 villages. Reduction in prevalence was between 43% and 67% in the @entity6567 +IVR study villages and between 24% and 27% in the @entity6567 alone villages. Density was reduced by between 81% and 95% in the @entity6567 +IVR villages and between 69% and 74% in the @entity6567 alone villages. Breaks in perennial transmission (failure to detect infective mosquitoes in four or more consecutive monthly collections) occurred in all 3 communities treated with @entity6567 +IVR. Transmission was almost completely interrupted in 2 villages, where infective mosquitoes were not detected during 11 of the 12 months following treatment. We concluded that repeated annual single-dose community-wide treatment with @entity6567 +IVR could lead to complete interruption of transmission and ultimately elimination of @entity3754 .

title: Towards eliminating @entity3754 in Papua New Guinea: impact of annual single-dose mass treatment on transmission of XXXX in East Sepik Province.

entities_list: @entity3070 :: ('MESH:D007559', 'Chemical') :: ['ivermectin']

entities_list: @entity6566 :: ('MESH:D004049', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylcarbamazine citrate']

entities_list: @entity3754 :: ('MESH:D004605', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic filariasis']

entities_list: @entity10065 :: ('6293', 'Species') :: ['Wuchereria bancrofti']

answer: @entity10065 :: (6293,Species) :: ['Wuchereria bancrofti']


abstract: AIMS: @entity32 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity65 . Diet, as a modifiable risk factor, may in turn impact systemic @entity32 . We therefore assessed whether adherence to the dietary recommendations is associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations in type 1 @entity6 . METHODS: Cross-sectional data from 677 FinnDiane study @entity1 (48% @entity1 , mean  standard deviation age 46  13years) were included. Dietary intake was assessed with a self-administered questionnaire. A diet score, with higher values denoting better adherence to the recommendations, was calculated. Serum hs-CRP concentration was measured, and individuals with hs-CRP <1.0mg/l, and hs-CRP >3.0 but <= 10.0mg/l were compared. RESULTS: @entity1 and @entity1 with high hs-CRP had higher BMI, waist circumference, and @entity412 concentration, but lower HDL- @entity165 concentration. Adjusted for BMI, mean diet score was higher in the low hs-CRP group, both in @entity1 (10.8  3.6 vs. 9.9  3.8, p=0.023) and @entity1 (12.7  3.4 vs. 11.6  3.5, p=0.021). After further adjustments with potential confounding factors, the difference remained significant only in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: A diet that more closely adheres to the dietary recommendations is associated with lower hs-CRP in @entity1 . A prudent diet may help reduce systemic @entity32 in type 1 @entity6 .

title: Association between adherence to dietary recommendations and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level in type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinically symptomatic @entity2553 leading to delayed @entity51 occurs in up to 30% of @entity1 with @entity510 ( @entity510 ). @entity2553 can result in a serious decline in clinical conditions of @entity1 with @entity510 , yet the algorithm for @entity2553 treatment and prevention remains unclear. Intra-arterial administration of vasodilators is one of the modalities used for @entity2553 therapy. METHODS: Over the last 7  years, we have treated 27 female and 7 male @entity1 with @entity2553 using intra-arterial administration of either @entity3931 or @entity7604 ; all had suffered @entity1756 . Of these @entity1 , 28 were treated surgically (clip), and 6 @entity1 had their @entity439 coiled. Spasmolytics were applied from day 2 to day 18 after @entity397 . RESULTS: Of the 53 procedures, angiographic improvement was documented in 92% of cases with a mean flow velocity decrease of 65  cm/s. Brain metabolism changes were monitored after the procedure. The highest level of immediate clinical improvement was observed in conscious @entity1 with a focal @entity51 ( @entity2026 , @entity1269 ). Overall clinical outcomes (Glasgow outcome scale, GOS) were as follows: GOS 5 (12 @entity1 ), GOS 4 (5 @entity1 ), @entity12861 (5 @entity1 ), GOS 2 (6 @entity1 ), and GOS 1 (6 @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: Intra-arterial administration of spasmolytics is a safe and potent method of @entity2553 treatment. It is most effective when applied to conscious @entity1 with a focal deficit. For unconscious @entity1 , its therapeutic benefits are inconclusive. @entity1 in severe clinical states would further require use of other diagnostic tools such as multimodal brain monitoring to complement @entity2553 therapy.

title: Chemical angioplasty with spasmolytics for @entity2553 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic neurological deficits', 'neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity7604 :: ('MESH:D020105', 'Chemical') :: ['milrinone']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['Vasospasm', 'vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: AIM: To investigated the association between the @entity5 cells' expression of @entity5962 and the numbers of several types of inflammatory cells infiltrating into the invasive portion of @entity1086 ( @entity1086 ). METHODS: We analyzed 50 @entity1086 cases for which a sufficient amount of @entity5 tissues for @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ) had been saved. Three tissue cores (3.0 mm) of invasive lesion from each case were used for the @entity3145 . The 4- m cut sections on slides were immunostained using primary antibodies including @entity5962 for @entity5 cells, leukocyte common antigen for leukocyte, @entity3335 for neutrophils, CD3 for T cells, @entity404 for helper T cells, @entity405 for killer T cells, @entity2225 for B cells and @entity469 for macrophages. The immunostained slides were digitally analyzed by imaging analysis software. RESULTS: A significant inverse correlation between the number of infiltrating @entity405 (+) cells at invasive areas and the expression of @entity5962 by @entity5 cells was observed (P = 0.0001), although the degree of this correlation was relatively weak (R = 0.32). The number of @entity405 (+) cells and the @entity5 cells' @entity5962 expression were also significantly correlated with @entity5 differentiation (well-differentiated vs poorly differentiated) (P = 0.0467 and P = 0.0294, respectively). Inverse correlation of @entity5 and the number of @entity405 (+) cell in   ltration was observed with statistical significance in comparison of T2 and T3 cases (P = 0.0324). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate an inverse correlation of @entity405 (+) T cell infiltration and @entity5 cells' @entity5962 expression at invasive areas of @entity1086 . Further analyses are essential to test these findings.

title: Inverse correlation between @entity405 (+) inflammatory cells and XXXX expression in @entity1086 : Tissue microarray and imaging analysis.

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue microarray', 'TMA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'T-stage', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer', 'GBC']

answer: @entity5962 :: (999,Gene) :: ['E-cadherin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity34 ( @entity34 ) is becoming established as a recognized health care profession in @entity3394 . It has been integrated as a core service in settings such as health spas, private integrative health centers, and there is indication that @entity34 is starting to be integrated into hospitals. Research in the area of hospital-based @entity34 has primarily focused on the efficacy, effectiveness, and increasingly, the safety of @entity34 . However, little is known about the professional role of massage therapists in the hospital setting. The purpose of this study was to conduct an in-depth exploration and description of massage therapists' professional role in @entity1 care in the context of Canadian urban hospitals. METHODS: A sequential mixed methods study design was used. For the quantitative phase, a survey was sent to urban hospitals where @entity34 services were organized by hospitals and provided by licensed massage therapists to @entity1 to a) provide a contextual description of the hospitals and b) identify a sampling frame for the qualitative phase. The subsequent qualitative phase entailed semi structured interviews with a purposively diverse sample of @entity1 massage therapists from the surveyed sites to explore their role perceptions. The quantitative and qualitative approaches were integrated during data collection and analysis. RESULTS: Of the hospitals that responded, sixteen urban hospitals across @entity3394 (5%) provided @entity34 to @entity1 by licensed therapists. The majority of hospitals were located in Ontario and ranged from specialized small community hospitals to large multi-site hospitals. Based on interviews with 25 @entity1 , six components of the massage therapists' professional role emerged: health care provider, team member, program support, educator, promoter of the profession, and researcher. CONCLUSIONS: While hospital-based @entity34 in @entity3394 is not a new phenomenon, @entity34 is not yet an established health care profession in such settings. However, there is significant potential for the inclusion of the massage therapists' role in Canadian hospitals that should be evidence based for effective implementation.

title: The professional role of massage therapists in XXXX care in Canadian urban hospitals - a mixed methods study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['MT', 'Massage therapy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background and aim: Selected @entity1 with unresectable perihilar @entity201 can undergo neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by liver transplantation, which has been shown to improve survival. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and safety of endoscopic transpapillary insertion of nasobiliary tubes (NBTs) and brachytherapy catheters for @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) brachytherapy as part of this neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. @entity1 and methods: Medical records of @entity1 undergoing biliary brachytherapy for @entity201 at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester were reviewed. @entity1 were treated with curative intent using external beam radiotherapy (4500 cGy), chemotherapy ( @entity1487 or @entity416 ), and @entity1168 brachytherapy (930-1600 cGy in one to four fractions delivered over 1-2 days) prior to planned liver transplantation. Results: Between 2009 and 2013, 40 @entity1 underwent biliary @entity1168 brachytherapy via endoscopically placed NBTs (8.5-10 Fr). @entity1 had a median age of 55 years (range 28-68); 25 @entity1 (62.5%) had @entity991 . Prior to therapy, 29 @entity1 (72.5%) had plastic stents, two (5%) had metal stents, and nine (22.5%) had no stents. Bilateral NBTs were placed in five @entity1 (12.5%). NBT/brachytherapy catheter displacement was seen in eight @entity1 (20%) - five intraprocedure and three post-procedure. A radiotherapy error and NBT kinking each occurred once. Post-procedure adverse events included: @entity255 (n=5; 12.5%), severe @entity490 (n=3; 7.5%), duodenopathy (n=3; 7.5%), gastropathy (n=3; 7.5%), and both duodenopathy and gastropathy (n=2; 5%). Conclusion: @entity1168 biliary brachytherapy administered via endoscopically placed NBTs and brachytherapy catheters is technically feasible and appears reasonably safe in selected @entity1 with unresectable perihilar @entity201 .

title: Endoscopically inserted nasobiliary catheters for @entity1168 brachytherapy as part of neoadjuvant therapy for perihilar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma', 'cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high dose-rate']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: (1) Investigate @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and disease-free survival (DFS) for high-risk head and neck @entity1491 (HNBCC) requiring large extirpation with free-flap reconstruction. (2) Determine impact of prognostic features- @entity5 size, subsite, number of high-risk features, perineural invasion, and bony invasion-on high-risk HNBCC survival. (3) Determine survival benefit of adjuvant radiation for high-risk HNBCC. STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review (2002-2013). SETTING: Academic tertiary care center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Consecutive head and neck @entity1 (N = 431) required free-flap reconstruction following @entity5 extirpation, 38 for aggressive HNBCC. All cases were high risk. DFS and @entity1349 were examined using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Prognostic variables and adjuvant radiation were analyzed utilizing Student's t test for continuous variables and Fisher's exact testing for categorical dependent variables. Complications were reported. RESULTS: Mean @entity5 diameter was 5.17 cm (range, 1.2-15.0 cm). Mean follow-up was 19.9 months. Overall 2-year survival was 80%, falling to 66% at 5 years. Two-year disease-free survival was 72%. Six @entity1 recurred (n = 5 local, 1 distant). Adjuvant radiotherapy improved DFS (P < .01) but not @entity1349 (P = .66). Tumors >2.5 cm did not affect @entity1349 (P = .61), regardless of subsite. Bone involvement (44.7% cases) did not affect DFS (P = .39) or @entity1349 (P = .18). CONCLUSIONS: Larger HNBCC warranting free tissue transfer do not confer worse outcomes, independent of subsite. Adjuvant radiotherapy does not improve @entity1349 but significantly affected DFS, allowing for 13.7 additional months of DFS. Bone involvement does not influence DFS or @entity1349 and should not preclude surgery, even in advanced cases requiring free-flap reconstruction.

title: Multimodality Management of High-Risk Head and Neck XXXX Requiring Free-Flap Reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1491 :: (MESH:D002280,Disease) :: ['Basal Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: Recently, there has been renewed interest in corticosteroid therapy for @entity1 with @entity326 . The @entity701 response to a @entity5304 stimulation test, otherwise known as a short synacthen test, may identify which @entity1 are most likely to benefit from corticosteroid replacement. Controversy over interpretation of the @entity701 response and the correct @entity5304 dose remains. We retrospectively analysed all @entity326 @entity1 who had full @entity701 results following a 1- micro g short synacthen test. All @entity701 results were re-evaluated by three common ways of interpreting the @entity701 response to a short synacthen test. The thresholds were a @entity701 rise >/= 250 nmol x l(-1), a peak @entity701 >/= 550 nmol x l(-1) and a peak @entity701 >/= 700 nmol x l(-1). We found a significant relationship between the peak @entity701 results and haemodynamic improvement in @entity1 given corticosteroids. There was no association between a @entity701 rise >/= 250 nmol x l(-1) and haemodynamic improvement after @entity288 . A postal questionnaire was sent to adult intensive care units in the United Kingdom to assess national practice. Sixty per cent of intensive care units use corticosteroids in @entity326 @entity1 , but only 22% use a short synacthen test to guide therapy.

title: Adrenal axis testing and corticosteroid replacement therapy in XXXX @entity1 --local and national perspectives.

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity5304 :: ('MESH:D003366', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracosactide']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: The mechanisms regulating hippocampal neurogenesis remain poorly understood. Particularly unclear is the extent to which age-related declines in hippocampal neurogenesis are due to an innate decrease in precursor cell performance or to changes in the environment of these cells. Several extracellular signaling factors that regulate hippocampal neurogenesis have been identified. However, the role of one important family, FGFs, remains uncertain. Although a body of literature suggests that FGFs can promote the proliferation of cultured adult hippocampal precursor cells, their requirement for adult hippocampal neurogenesis in vivo and the cell types within the neurogenic lineage that might depend on FGFs remain unclear. Here, specifically targeting adult neural precursor cells, we conditionally express an activated form of an FGF receptor or delete the FGF receptors that are expressed in these cells. We find that FGF receptors are required for neural stem-cell maintenance and that an activated receptor expressed in all precursors can increase the number of neurons produced. Moreover, in older @entity19 , an activated FGF receptor can rescue the age-related decline in neurogenesis to a level found in young adults. These results suggest that the decrease in neurogenesis with age is not simply due to fewer stem cells, but also to declining signals in their niche. Thus, enhancing FGF signaling in precursors can be used to reverse age-related declines in hippocampal neurogenesis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: @entity131 can result from @entity130 , @entity179 , or aging and can lead to @entity2414 and mood control. The addition of new neurons to the hippocampus facilitates memory formation, but how this process is regulated and how we might manipulate it to reverse @entity75 remains unclear. The FGF signaling pathway has been hypothesized to be important, but its role in generating new neurons had been poorly defined. Our study indicates that FGF signaling maintains and expands subsets of neural precursor cells. Moreover, in older @entity19 , increasing FGF signaling is sufficient to reverse the decline in neuron production to levels found in young adults, providing a potential means of reversing age-related @entity131 .

title: FGF Signaling Is Necessary for Neurogenesis in Young XXXX and Sufficient to Reverse Its Decline in Old @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal deficits', 'Hippocampal deficits']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['loss of memory']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: @entity792 are manifested in a broad spectrum. Classic examples of organ-specific @entity792 include @entity5343 , insulin-dependent type-1 @entity6 , @entity2743 (MGB), and @entity2621 ( @entity2621 ). The initial report of this @entity1669 ( @entity1669 ) dates back to Hakira Hashimoto (1912). In @entity2621 , as an organ-specific @entity792 , massive infiltration of lymphoid cells and parenchyma destruction are a consistent feature. The infiltration appears to be immune-mediated, primarily lymphocytic (T helper, T suppressor cells), NK cells and B cells. The pathological characteristics of @entity1669 include development of the goitre ( @entity3202 form is not so frequent), @entity1374 (from @entity1378 to subclinical and @entity1375 ) and the formation of antithyroidal antibodies against thyroglobulin (AbTg) and the microsomal antigen (Ab @entity5787 ). There is a very good correlation between the antibodies against @entity5787 and the histological findings. Morbus Graves Basedow is characterized by @entity2743 with goitre, and infiltrative orbitopathy. Autoantibodies against the TSH-receptor molecule on the plasma membrane of the thyroid gland follicles cause a nonphysiological activation and an increase of the cellular function. Besides this @entity1378 , an autoimmune attack against the retrobulbar tissue leading to endocrine orbitopathy, can be noted in about 40% of @entity1 suffering from MGB.

title: [Autoimmune thyroid disease--clinical symptoms of associated XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['manifested hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hyperthyroidism', "Grave's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['Hashimoto thyroiditis', 'HT']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease', 'AITD']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroidal condition']

entities_list: @entity5343 :: ('MESH:D000224', 'Disease') :: ["Addison's disease"]

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'Autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['impaired thyroid gland function']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmunity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) is a common and potentially devastating complication in cardiac surgery. Somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) monitoring is one of the modalities for @entity1897 ; however, its application is limited by complicated logistics. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of using a novel, automated SSEP device (EPAD; SafeOp Surgical, Hunt Valley, @entity601 ) for detection of intraoperative @entity1897 during cardiac surgery. DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. SETTING: Single university hospital. @entity1 : Cardiac surgical @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: After Ethics Board approval and written consent, study @entity1 were monitored using the EPAD automated SSEP device during cardiac surgery. All @entity1 with prolonged and abnormal SSEP changes were evaluated postoperatively, and if they were symptomatic, they were referred for further nerve conduction and electromyographic assessment. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of the 43 @entity1 who consented to study inclusion, 33 were monitored successfully. With increasing clinical experience the authors encountered minimal technical issues, and satisfactory signals were obtained in most @entity1 . Abnormal SSEP signal changes, which were encountered in 5 (15.2%) @entity1 , were interpreted as impending @entity1897 ; 3 @entity1 experienced prolonged signal changes (>1 h), and 2 (6.1%) of these developed symptomatic @entity1897 that was confirmed with nerve conduction studies. CONCLUSIONS: The EPAD automated SSEP device is a viable option for detecting @entity1897 during cardiac surgery. A high incidence of intraoperative peripheral nerve compromise and a 6.1% incidence of @entity1897 were observed. This study reports the clinical feasibility of using the EPAD automated SSEP device; additional studies are required to evaluate the diagnostic test accuracy and the outcome benefit of routine SSEP monitoring in cardiac surgical @entity1 .

title: A Novel Automated Somatosensory Evoked Potential (SSEP) Monitoring Device for Detection of Intraoperative XXXX in Cardiac Surgery: A Clinical Feasibility Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral nerve injury', 'postoperative peripheral neuropathy', 'peripheral neuropathy', 'PNI']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['Peripheral Nerve Injury']


abstract: The influence of @entity4446 and @entity35527 was studied on immune response and immune @entity1374 in @entity840 immunized with thyroid extract. 1. Both compounds @entity308 delayed @entity1374 . 2. Antibody formation to thyroglobulin was strongly @entity308 by @entity35527 but not significantly influenced by @entity4446 . 3. Immune response and @entity1374 were suppressed as long as the compounds were administered; after discontinuation of treatment, immune response and @entity1374 appeared in the same time intervals as observed in control animals after initiation of immunization. 4. Treatment with @entity4446 and @entity35527 10 days after immunization lead to suppression of delayed @entity56 and @entity1374 . 5. Treatment with @entity4446 of animals after onset of @entity1374 lead to suppression of delayed @entity56 and disappearance or diminution of round cell infiltration in the thyroid. 6. The results are discussed in terms of the pathogenesis of experimental immune @entity1374 , the mode of action of these antimetabolites on this experimental immune disease, and in view of the potential value of these compounds in @entity1 diseases.

title: THE EFFECT OF @entity4446 AND XXXX ON EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNE THYROIDITIS IN @entity840 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity35527 :: ('MESH:D000630', 'Chemical') :: ['aminopterin']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['6-mercaptopurine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity to thyroglobulin and immune thyroiditis', 'thyroiditis']

answer: @entity35527 :: (MESH:D000630,Chemical) :: ['AMINOPTERIN']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity697 ( @entity697 ) contributes to the development of @entity740 that is the major cause of graft failure. We analyzed the @entity63156 polymorphism and an internal 32 bp deletion ( @entity5075 32) of @entity5075 ( @entity5075 ) Delta and tried to prove the hypothesis that genetic interactions between the donor and the recipient influence the development of @entity697 . METHODS: We detected genetic polymorphisms by the TaqMan(R) method and by sizing PCR amplicons (n = 486). The primary outcomes were early acute rejection (EAR) and repeated early acute rejection (RR). We defined EAR as the occurrence of a biopsy-proven @entity697 within 3 months after transplantation. RESULTS: The development of EAR was dependent on the number of A alleles in recipients and showed a dose-response relationship (P = 0.002). When we combined the number of A alleles in both donor and recipient, episodes of EAR and RR were more prevalent as the allelic number increased (A allelic number 0 _ 1, 2 versus 3 _ 4, P = 0.048; 0 _ 1 versus 3 _ 4, P = 0.006). Statistical significance was preserved after multivariate analysis of sex, HLA mismatch and type of donor with the recipient's age as the continuous term. Also, graft survival was different according to the presence of the A allele, i.e. recipients carrying A allele (+) grafts showed poor graft survival (P = 0.008 by a log-rank test). Again, the number of A alleles affected graft survival as the recipients who carried more A alleles had poor graft survival (A allele number 0 _ 1 versus 2 versus 3 _ 4, P = 0.011; 0 _ 1 versus 3 _ 4, P = 0.08; 0 _ 1 versus 2, P = 0.002; by a log-rank test). All of the @entity1 were wild-type homozygotes for CCR5 @entity24669 . CONCLUSIONS: The A allele of @entity5075 @entity63156 was a risk factor for EAR and RR. As the number of A alleles increased, episodes of EAR were more frequently observed.

title: Genetic interactions between the donor and the recipient for susceptibility to acute rejection in kidney transplantation: polymorphisms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'Acute rejection']

entities_list: @entity5075 :: ('1234', 'Gene') :: ['CCR5', 'CCR chemokine receptor 5']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic allograft nephropathy']

answer: @entity5075 :: (1234,Gene) :: ['CCR5']