abstract: @entity12691 was compared with @entity3575 as the narcotic component of general anaesthesia for ambulatory laparoscopic surgery. This double-blind, randomized study enrolled 60 healthy @entity1 who received equianalgesic doses of @entity3575 1 microgram.kg-1 (F, n = 30) or @entity12691 20 micrograms.kg-1 (B, n = 30) prior to induction of anaesthesia. Tracheal anaesthesia was maintained with @entity3810 / @entity26 , @entity5161 , and @entity2900 by infusion. Intraoperatively, @entity1 who received B demonstrated lower pulse rate before and after intubation (P less than 0.05, P less than 0.01) and lower diastolic blood pressure after intubation (P less than 0.01). Anesthesiologists judged the maintenance phase as satisfactory more often with B (P less than 0.05). Postoperatively, there were no differences in analgesic need. No major side-effects occurred in either group. Among minor side-effects, @entity1 who received B reported postoperative sedation more often, 77% vs 37% (P less than 0.01), which occurred during the first 45 min of recovery (P less than 0.05). Discharge times were not different. On the first postoperative day, more subjects who received B were satisfied with their anaesthesia experience (P less than 0.05). @entity12691 20 micrograms.kg-1 is an acceptable alternative analgesic in general anaesthesia for ambulatory laparoscopy.

title: @entity12691 compared with XXXX in general anaesthesia for ambulatory laparoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12691 :: ('MESH:D002077', 'Chemical') :: ['butorphanol', 'Butorphanol']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['succinylcholine']

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: An animal model of @entity27 ( @entity27 ) may help to investigate the pathophysiology of this disorder and develop appropriate treatments. We investigated the feasibility of a @entity95 model of @entity27 . STUDY DESIGN: Animal study. METHODS: Twelve New Zealand white @entity95 were injected at the base of their tongues under endoscopic guidance with liquid @entity1346 (experimental group, n   =   6) or normal saline (control group, n   =   6). Polysomnography was performed before and after injection. The development of @entity27 and changes in sleep parameters were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Before injection, all @entity95 showed normal breathing during sleep without @entity387 . In the @entity1346 group, the @entity95 had a mean of 29.9        6.9 @entity387 /hour and a mean of 10.4        3.1 @entity386 /hour 1 month after @entity1346 injection and 28.4        6.9 @entity387 /hour and 10.0        3.3 @entity386 /hour 3 months after @entity1346 injection (P   <   0.05). Mean total sleep time decreased from 260.3        70.2 minutes at baseline to 152.5        38.8 minutes 1 month and 206.8        60.3 minutes 3 months after injection, with a @entity34 . In the saline group, however, there were no breathing events during sleep. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that @entity1346 injections into the tongue base of @entity95 can result in @entity27 .

title: An animal model of XXXX in @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in stage II sleep']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopneas', 'hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: @entity6086 preparations @entity15383 are used as water solutions, putly, liner, cement or artificial material. The therapeutic effect of each medicaments depends on physical and chemical characteristic of additional components. The aim of the paper is to research the sensitivity of @entity797 and @entity5132 to different water solution concentrations of @entity6086 . As solid plates, Bacto-Mitis-Salivarius agar was used for @entity6586 , Torlak blood agar for @entity797 and Sabourand agar "Torlak" for @entity5132 . The holes were drilled in solid plates and were filled by 0.2 ml of water solutions of @entity15383 . Preparations, created as described were incubated aerobically at 37 degrees C in the period of 48 hrs. Results were read after 24 as well as after 48 hrs. The examined solutions of @entity15383 , revealed the highest antimicrobic effect after 24 hrs. The result remained unchanged even after 48 hrs. The inhibition of @entity6586 growth on the solid plate occurred with the concentration of @entity15383 solution from 271.18 x 10(-2) mol/dm3 and pH 12.76. The growth of @entity797 at the solid plate was inhibited with the concentration of 3335.21 x 10(-3) mol/dm3 and pH 12.82. The inhibition of @entity5132 growth on solid plate occurred with the concentration of @entity15383 solution from 1023.20 x 10(-3) mol/dm3 and pH 12.84. The difference in the sensitivity of the examined microorganisms at the same concentrations of @entity15383 solution was observed.

title: [The antimicrobial efficiency of aqueous solutions of XXXX on @entity6586 , @entity797 and @entity5132 , in vitro].

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus faecalis', 'S. faecalis']

entities_list: @entity6086 :: ('MESH:D002126', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium hydroxide', 'Calcium hydroxide']

answer: @entity6086 :: (MESH:D002126,Chemical) :: ['calcium hydroxide']


abstract: Prospective surveillance of hospital-acquired @entity281 was undertaken in the geriatric ward of the University Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands. The medical records of 300 @entity1 were studied for the presence of @entity580 using the criteria defined by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Data were collected from @entity1 with and without @entity281 , which allowed for the analysis of risk factors for @entity580 . In 100 out of 300 @entity1 (33.3%), a total of 126 @entity281 was diagnosed. The incidence of @entity580 was 16.9 per 1000 days of stay in the hospital. The mean length of stay of @entity1 with @entity281 was 39 days, while that of @entity1 without @entity281 was 17.8 days. Infections developed after an average stay of 13.3 days in the hospital. @entity1 with @entity281 were 2.6 years older than @entity1 without @entity281 (P = 0.005). @entity2700 was shown to be a major risk factor for @entity281 (RR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4-3.2). Of the @entity281 , 58.7% were @entity293 ( @entity293 , asymptomatic and symptomatic). The most important risk factor for an asymptomatic UTI was an indwelling urinary catheter (RR = 7.3, 95% CI: 3.1-17.1). The duration of use of the indwelling urinary catheter was of significant influence in the development of a UTI. Seventy percent of the @entity1 with an asymptomatic UTI were treated with antibiotics. Infections of the gastrointestinal tract accounted for 19.8% of all @entity580 . The majority of these @entity281 were due to an outbreak of @entity2718 . In conclusion, the length of stay may be prolonged by a @entity580 . In this study, the main risk factors for developing a @entity580 were age, dehydration and the presence of an urinary catheter. Our observations showed that age is a predisposing factor for @entity580 and that the risk increases with each year, even for geriatric @entity1 .

title: Surveillance of XXXX in geriatric @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['Dehydration']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infection', 'nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'UTIs']

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['nosocomial infections']


abstract: To determine the interfamilial and intrafamilial variation in the expression of the @entity21160 (a form of @entity7372 ), we looked for the five recognized features of the disorder ( @entity1105 , @entity28 , @entity5767 , @entity1032 , and @entity6126 ), plus possible renal manifestations, in some or all of 32 @entity1 with this disorder. All 28 @entity1 examined had severe @entity1105 , but only 2 had typical @entity6391 . Polydactyly was present in 18 of 31 @entity1 , but syndactyly, @entity14883 , or both were present in all. @entity28 was present in all but 1 of 25 @entity1 . Only 13 of 32 @entity1 were considered @entity1032 . Scores on verbal subtests of intelligence were usually lower than scores on performance tasks. Seven of eight @entity1 had small testes and @entity4998 , which was not due to @entity6126 . All 12 @entity1 studied had @entity1866 , and 3 had low serum @entity172 levels (1 of these had @entity6126 , and 2 had @entity177 ). The remaining @entity1 who were of reproductive age had endocrinologic evidence of @entity409 . @entity6 was present in 9 of 20 @entity1 . @entity8 were universal (n = 21), and three @entity1 had @entity454 . We conclude that the characteristic features of @entity21160 are severe @entity1105 , @entity4238 , @entity28 , @entity8 , and (in male @entity1 only) hypogenitalism. @entity1032 , @entity5767 , and @entity6126 in female @entity1 are not necessarily present.

title: The cardinal manifestations of @entity21160 , a form of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity21160 :: ('MESH:D020788', 'Disease') :: ['Bardet-Biedl syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation', 'mentally retarded', 'Mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['genitalia']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal structural or functional abnormalities', 'renal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

entities_list: @entity4238 :: ('MESH:D057215', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphic extremities']

entities_list: @entity1105 :: ('MESH:D058499', 'Disease') :: ['retinal dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['reproductive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5767 :: ('MESH:D017689', 'Disease') :: ['polydactyly']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['primary gonadal failure']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual irregularities']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism', 'hypogonadotropism']

entities_list: @entity7372 :: ('MESH:D007849', 'Disease') :: ['Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome']

entities_list: @entity14883 :: ('MESH:D059327', 'Disease') :: ['brachydactyly']

answer: @entity7372 :: (MESH:D007849,Disease) :: ['Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome']


abstract: Environments may act as reservoirs for pathogenic fungi, a determinant of the establishment of @entity364 , or an exacerbating @entity66 . In recent years, @entity272 caused by geophilic fungi has been decreasing, while case reports of zoonoses from various animals are increasing. Outbreaks of anthropophilic T. tonsurans infection pose a problem to medical mycologists. @entity14654 is the most common exogenous @entity9202 in Japan. Although @entity12734 is presumed to be the dominant pathogen of this disease, @entity12736 is detected more frequently from various environments, so far, the reason for this discrepancy has not been fully understood. The latest knowledge about the route of dermatophyte @entity281 is as follows: (1) Dermatophyte propagules disseminated from @entity1 may contaminate not only bath-mats but also wood floors, Japanese style mattings, concrete floors, slippers, cushions, etc., and from them adhere to healthy skin. (2) The agar stamping method can easily detect dermatophytes from the skin and the environment. (3) Propagules of @entity12736 can survive for more than three months under certain conditions such as in rubber boots. (4) In order to eliminate dermatophytes gathered in socks and footwear, simple procedures (washing, bathing with hot water, or wiping with a towel) are all effective. (5) Prior application of an antifungal agent promptly eradicates dermatophyte propagules adhering to the skin from the environment. The author also mentioned the possibility of asymptomatic dermatophyte colonization, and the high prevalence of dysgeucia in oral carriers of @entity5132 .

title: [ XXXX and environment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14654 :: ('MESH:D014008', 'Disease') :: ['Tinea pedis']

entities_list: @entity9202 :: ('MESH:D003881', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomycosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['factor of disease']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['foot infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease']

entities_list: @entity12736 :: ('523103', 'Species') :: ['T. mentagrophytes']

answer: @entity9202 :: (MESH:D003881,Disease) :: ['Dermatomycosis']


abstract: Randomized clinical trails have demonstrated that @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors reduce mortality, improve symptoms, and decrease hospitalization rates in @entity712 ( @entity712 ) @entity1 with @entity1002 . Guidelines from the Agency for Healthcare Policy and Research (AHCPR) endorse the use of @entity1289 inhibitors in eligible @entity712 @entity1 and note their underutilization in practice. Randomly selected records of 1,212 Medicare @entity712 @entity1 in Louisiana, discharged between July 1993 and October 1993, were reviewed. Abstracted data were used to characterize practice patterns and pertinent clinical factors influencing current @entity1289 inhibitor utilization by practicing physicians in eligible Medicare @entity712 @entity1 admitted to acute care hospitals. A total of 1,133 @entity1 admitted were discharged alive; mean age was 77.6 years (64% female; 68% white). One third of the @entity1 (34%) were already receiving @entity1289 inhibitors on admission; of these, 85% were discharged on @entity1289 inhibitors. The remaining 66% of @entity1 were not on an @entity1289 inhibitor on admission; only 35% of these are documented to have been placed on an @entity1289 inhibitor(s) at discharge. Overall, a significantly large number of @entity712 @entity1 charts (48%) lacked documentation of LV systolic function assessments. On multivariate logistic regression modeling, the following key clinical variables were positively related to the prescription of @entity1289 inhibitors: low ejection fraction, @entity1353 and orthopnea, normal @entity1011 levels, high diastolic blood pressure, @entity1283 , and increasing age. Among @entity1 with low ejection fraction, factors contributing to not being discharged on @entity1289 inhibitors included: high @entity1011 levels, history of @entity583 or @entity741 , @entity177 , and being African American. This study documents the underutilization of @entity1289 inhibitors in @entity1 with @entity1002 . Results suggest the need for increased physician-based educational efforts concerning the use of @entity1289 inhibitors in @entity712 @entity1 , and also for increasing left ventricular systolic function assessments and documentation of findings in @entity1 charts.

title: Patterns of physician use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in the inpatient treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['impaired left ventricular systolic function']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: Soft-tissue @entity627 ( @entity18462 -- @entity924 , @entity2585 , @entity9156 and @entity239 ) accounts for up to 25% of referrals to rheumatologists. The estimated prevalence of generalized @entity8018 in the adult population is 5-15%. There have previously been suggestions that hypermobile individuals may be predisposed to soft-tissue @entity130 and subsequent @entity4512 . This study was designed to examine the mobility status and physical activity level in consecutive rheumatology clinic attendees with a primary diagnosis of @entity18462 . Of 82 @entity1 up to age 70 yr with @entity18462 , 29 (35%) met criteria for generalized @entity8018 . Hypermobile compared to non-hypermobile individuals reported significantly more previous episodes of @entity18462 (90% vs 51%, P < 0.01), and more recurrent episodes of @entity18462 at a single site (69% vs 38%, P < 0.001). Although we were unable to show any difference in the time spent carrying out physical activity between the two groups, the hypermobile @entity1 were performing significantly more repetitive activities. When specific anatomical sites of @entity18462 were analysed, small joints (elbows, hands and feet) currently affected with @entity18462 were more likely to show localized @entity8018 than if those joints were asymptomatic. These findings suggest that @entity8018 may be a factor in the development of @entity18462 . Repetitive activity may be a contributing factor towards @entity18462 in some hypermobile individuals.

title: The association of soft-tissue XXXX and @entity8018 .

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinitis']

entities_list: @entity9156 :: ('MESH:D005208', 'Disease') :: ['fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity8018 :: ('MESH:C536196', 'Disease') :: ['hypermobility']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['rheumatism']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) is one of the late complications of @entity6 . Cranial nerves III, VII and V are among the most commonly affected in @entity6 @entity1 . Traditional Electrodiagnosis (Edx) studies are useful method for diagnosis of @entity1897 and symptomatic @entity129 , and may not be useful for detecting subclinical @entity129 . The main objective of this study is to evaluate the role of Blink Reflex (BR) for early diagnosis of @entity129 in @entity6 @entity1 with @entity1897 . DESIGN: A prospective study was performed on @entity2175 @entity1 with a @entity1897 . 188 subjects were included in our study in which 142 acted as healthy subjects and 46 as @entity6 @entity1 . @entity1 were excluded with prior history of @entity129 , @entity64 , and other disease with @entity305 or drug-induced @entity16 . Routine nerve conduction studies were performed and only @entity1 with @entity1897 were included in this study. RESULTS: Abnormalities were found in 54.4% of @entity1 . R1, IR2 and @entity10911 were prolonged relative to healthy group. Statistically there was no significant difference in R/D ratio of @entity1 (P = 0.201). Also there was a positive correlation between R1, IR2 and @entity10911 latencies with duration of @entity6 and severity of @entity305 , but not for R/D. The greatest correlation was shown in R1 latency (69.9% abnormality). CONCLUSION: BR is a non-invasive and very useful method for evaluation and diagnosis of subclinical cranial nerve involvement in @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Role of Blink Reflex in diagnosis of @entity129 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial neuropathy', 'involvement of cranial nerves', 'cranial nerve lesions']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes Mellitus', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral Neuropathy', 'PN']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Mellitus type II']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cognard type IV anterior cranial fossa dural arteriovenous @entity292 (DAVFs) are rare lesions with a high risk of @entity932 . We present our experience with the use of Onyx via the arterial route in these aggressive lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between October 2009 and October 2011, six consecutive @entity1 diagnosed with Cognard type IV anterior cranial fossa DAVFs were treated transarterially with Onyx in our department. All @entity1 were male; mean age was 55 years (range 38-68). Four @entity1 presented with @entity932 as the initial manifestation; one @entity1 presented with @entity410 at the time of diagnosis and experienced @entity932 during the antiepileptic therapy; and the other @entity1 was asymptomatic. RESULTS: In five @entity1 , complete obliteration was achieved with transarterial Onyx injection in a single treatment session; in the remaining @entity1 , @entity432 was achieved and gamma knife treatment was followed. The average time of injection was 19 min (range 5-28) for every pedicle catheterized and the average amount of Onyx was 3.2 ml (range 0.4-6.3) for each lesion. All @entity1 recovered uneventfully after embolization. No mortality or permanent morbidity was observed in this series. Follow-up digital subtraction or MR angiography confirmed durable obliteration of the @entity292 in five cured cases. No @entity1 suffered @entity932 during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: In this small series, our experience with the use of Onyx for @entity1416 of Cognard type IV DAVFs is encouraging, with durable complete cure in most lesions without severe complications.

title: Transarterial treatment with Onyx of Cognard type IV anterior cranial fossa dural arteriovenous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['subtotal occlusion']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistulas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exposure to @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) occurs in many occupational settings. There is evidence in animal models that maternal exposure to @entity2556 during pregnancy is associated with @entity6675 in offspring; however, to our knowledge, no @entity1 studies examining this association have been conducted. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to conduct a case-control study assessing the association between estimated maternal occupational exposure to @entity2556 and @entity6675 in offspring. METHODS: Data from @entity6675 cases and control @entity1 were obtained from the population-based National @entity600 Prevention Study for the period 1997-2002. Exposure to @entity2556 was assigned by industrial hygienist consensus, based on self-reported maternal occupational histories from 1 month before conception through the third month of pregnancy. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between estimated occupational @entity2556 exposure and @entity6675 among @entity1 whose mothers were employed for at least 1 month during the month before conception through the third month of pregnancy. RESULTS: The prevalence of estimated occupational @entity2556 exposure was 9.0% in case mothers (27 of 299) and 3.6% in control mothers (107 of 2,993). Logistic regression analyses indicated a significant association between occupational @entity2556 and @entity6675 among mothers >=  20 years of age [odds ratio (OR) = 2.53; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27, 5.04] after adjusting for maternal body mass index, @entity6677 , and smoking. This association was not seen in mothers < 20 years (OR = 1.14; 95% CI: 0.55, 2.33), which is notable because although young maternal age is the strongest known risk factor for @entity6675 , most cases are born to mothers >=  20 years. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate an association between occupational exposure to @entity2556 among mothers who are >=  20 years and @entity6675 . These results contribute to a body of evidence that @entity2556 may be teratogenic.

title: Maternal occupational exposure to @entity2555 : effects on XXXX among offspring in the National @entity600 Prevention Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['education, gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['Birth Defects']

entities_list: @entity6675 :: ('MESH:D020139', 'Disease') :: ['gastroschisis']

answer: @entity6675 :: (MESH:D020139,Disease) :: ['gastroschisis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of @entity55304 in the mechanism of limitation of @entity1188 size by preconditioning. METHODS: @entity583 was induced by 30 min @entity1563 and 3 h reperfusion in the @entity95 . The @entity1188 size was determined by tetrazolium staining and expressed as a percentage of the area at risk (%ISAR). @entity95 were subjected to one of the following four treatments: no drug (i.e. control); administration of 1 mg/kg @entity1564 , a specific AT1 receptor antagonist, 20 min before @entity63 ; preconditioning with 5 min @entity63 and then 5 min reperfusion; and administration of @entity1564 plus preconditioning. RESULTS: It was confirmed that the same dose of @entity1564 (i.e. 1 mg/kg) could block the pressor response to injection of 0.5 microgram/kg angiotensin II completely for 60 min. The %ISAR for the untreated control group was 45.1 +/- 3.9%, and administration of @entity1564 alone did not modify the %ISAR (47.5 +/- 5.9%). The %ISAR for the group administered both @entity1564 and subjected to preconditioning (30.4 +/- 3.5%) was modestly smaller than that for the controls, but was significantly larger than for the preconditioned group (12.0 +/- 1.8%). The angiotensin II level in arterial plasma did not differ before and after the 5 min preconditioning. It was shown with separate groups of @entity95 that a modest protection conferred by preconditioning with 3 min @entity63 was also attenuated by administration of @entity1564 (%ISAR 28.4 +/- 4.3 with @entity1564 versus 19.3 +/- 1.7% without @entity1564 , P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that activation of AT1 receptors by angiotensin II produced locally in the heart contributes to the limitation of @entity1188 size by preconditioning.

title: Role of the @entity55304 in preconditioning against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: The neuroanatomical distribution of sites in the diencephalon and mesencephalon within which a @entity3009 (PG) of the E series elicits @entity221 was characterized in @entity2608 and Macaca nemestrina. In 420 experiments undertaken in 13 animals, 225 loci were examined for their reactivity to @entity5015 microinjected in a dose of 30 or 100 ng given in a volume of 1.0-1.5 microL. The regions of the brainstem for injection extended rostrally from the thermosensitive cells of the anterior hypothalamic, preoptic area ( @entity3798 /POA) to the caudal border of the mesencephalon. Colonic and skin temperatures of the monkeys were measured continuously by thermistor probes. A hyperthermic response of > or = 0.5 degrees C and a latency of < or = 45 min was evoked by @entity5015 within sites located primarily in the @entity3798 /POA. When @entity5015 was microinjected at loci located caudal to the @entity3798 /POA, the elevation in body temperature (Tb) not only was less intense but rose at a slower rate. A higher concentration of @entity5015 in these caudal regions was required to induce @entity221 comparable with that elicited at loci within the @entity3798 /POA. In a second series of experiments either 1.0-5.0 micrograms @entity750 ( @entity750 ) or a concentration of 10(8) organisms/mL of @entity526 was microinjected at @entity5015 -reactive sites. A close anatomical concordance within the @entity3798 /POA of the animal was found in terms of the temporal characteristics and magnitude of the @entity221 evoked by the @entity3035 or lipopolysaccharide. The present results coincide with the reported neuroanatomical distribution of sites in the diencephalon and mesencephalon of other species in which @entity5015 causes @entity221 . Furthermore, these findings support the concept that the local neuronal mechanism of action of a pyrogen in the brainstem of the primate may involve phasic changes in the endogenous activity of both the serotonergic pathway and cyclo-oxygenase system in the @entity3798 /POA. In turn, their commonality of action suggests a functional similarity in their effect of shifting the set point for Tb.

title: Anatomical distribution of brainstem sites where @entity5015 induces XXXX in macaque species.

entities_list: @entity3035 :: ('CHEBI:28626', 'Chemical') :: ['indoleamine']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', 'serotonin']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['Macaca mulatta']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Defective neutrophil recruitment has been described as a primary pathogenic abnormality in @entity30 . @entity28184 -induced @entity4530 provide a novel investigative tool to assess cellular influx and inflammatory mediator production during acute @entity32 and allows the effects of therapy on these parameters to be measured. AIMS: To determine whether reduced neutrophil tissue penetration in @entity30 relates to impaired production of inflammatory mediators, and whether it can be reversed by @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ). METHODS: Neutrophil and monocyte/macrophage populations and inflammatory mediators were measured in cantharidin @entity4530 at 24 h. Neutrophil chemotaxis was assessed in vitro using @entity4530 fluid as the chemoattractant. The effect of s.c. @entity1261 on @entity4530 phenotype was determined. RESULTS: Significantly fewer neutrophils migrated into @entity4530 in @entity30 @entity1 . The production of neutrophil chemokines, but not other inflammatory mediators, was reduced. This significantly correlated with @entity146 in vitro. Differences were unrelated to caspase-recruitment domain 15 genotype. @entity1261 significantly increased @entity4530 neutrophil concentrations in control subjects and @entity30 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Reduced neutrophil migration during acute @entity32 in @entity30 is associated with impaired production of appropriate chemoattractants. @entity1261 therapy increases neutrophil tissue migration, which may partially account for its observed therapeutic effect.

title: Impaired neutrophil chemotaxis in @entity30 relates to reduced production of chemokines and can be augmented by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['blister', 'blisters']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['reduced chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity28184 :: ('MESH:D002193', 'Chemical') :: ['Cantharidin']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's", "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity1261 :: (1440,Gene) :: ['granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dairy proteins, in particular the whey fraction, exert insulinogenic properties and facilitate glycemic regulation through a mechanism involving elevation of certain plasma @entity1522 , and stimulation of incretins. @entity1 milk is rich in whey protein and has not been investigated in this respect. METHOD: Nine healthy volunteers were served test meals consisting of @entity1 milk, @entity291 milk, reconstituted @entity291 whey- or casein protein in random order. All test meals contributed with 25 g intrinsic or added @entity1132 , and a white @entity3505 bread (WWB) meal was used as reference, providing 25 g starch. Post-prandial levels in plasma of @entity413 , insulin, incretins and @entity1522 were investigated at time intervals for up to 2 h. RESULTS: All test meals elicited lower postprandial blood @entity413 responses, expressed as iAUC 0-120 min compared with the WWB (P   <   0.05). The insulin response was increased following all test meals, although only significantly higher after whey. Plasma @entity1522 were correlated to insulin and incretin secretion (iAUC 0-60 min) (P    <=   0.05). The lowered glycemia with the test meals (iAUC 0-90 min) was inversely correlated to @entity6757 min) (P    <=   0.05). CONCLUSION: This study shows that the glycemic response was significantly lower following all milk/milk protein based test meals, in comparison with WWB. The effect appears to originate from the protein fraction and early phase plasma @entity1522 and incretins were involved in the insulin secretion. Despite its lower protein content, the @entity1 milk was a potent @entity6757 secretagogue and showed insulinogenic properties similar to that seen with reconstituted @entity291 whey-protein, possibly due to the comparatively high proportion of whey in @entity1 milk.

title: The glycemic, insulinemic and plasma amino acid responses to equi-carbohydrate milk meals, a pilot- study of XXXX and @entity1 milk.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Low-risk @entity1 papillomaviruses (LR-HPVs) have been associated occasionally with clinically and pathologically unusual @entity5 . The relation between clinicopathologic features and any pathogenetic role of LR-HPV remains unclear. From a global study of 13,328 @entity189 , we identified 57 cases in which whole-tissue polymerase chain reaction using SPF10-LiPA25 showed single LR-HPV infection. In 43/46 (93.5%) available @entity189 , multiple polymerase chain reaction assays confirmed single detection of HPV6, 11, 42, 44, or 70 DNA. In 75% (n=32) of these, LR-HPV DNA was confirmed in @entity5 cells by laser capture microdissection. In 2 cases, including 1 @entity420 , viral DNA was only found outside the @entity5 . All @entity5 with confirmed HPV6/11 showed a distinctive range of papillary, warty or warty-basaloid, squamous, or transitional histology with patchy or negative @entity986 expression. HPV6-associated cervical @entity5 occurred at a low median age. HPV42/70 was associated with typical @entity957 showing diffuse @entity986 staining like high-risk HPV-related @entity5 . HPV44 was found in malignant cells in 1 case. @entity1800 and theoretical analysis show that HPV6/11 belong to a different genus from HPV42/70 with E6/E7 gene products that would not bind pRb or @entity876 , whereas HPV42/70 could bind pRb. Our data support the causal involvement of LR-HPVs in the carcinogenesis of <2% of @entity5 of 2 distinct clinicopathologic patterns related to the genetic structure of the HPV types 6/11 and 70/42. HPV42/70 was associated with typical @entity957 . Importantly all @entity189 associated with HPV6/11 globally showed verruco-papillary, well-differentiated, squamous, or transitional histology without @entity986 expression.

title: The occasional role of low-risk @entity1 papillomaviruses 6, 11, 42, 44, and 70 in XXXX defined by laser capture microdissection/PCR methodology: results from a global study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'anogenital malignancies', 'anogenital tumors', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'anogenital carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['Viral taxonomy']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['anogenital carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To systematically review the measurement properties of performance-based measures to assess physical function in @entity1 with hip and/or @entity626 ( @entity571 ). METHODS: Electronic searches were performed in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycINFO up to the end of June 2012. Two reviewers independently rated measurement properties using the consensus-based standards for the selection of health status measurement instrument (COSMIN). "Best evidence synthesis" was made using COSMIN outcomes and the quality of findings. RESULTS: Twenty-four out of 1792 publications were eligible for inclusion. Twenty-one performance-based measures were evaluated including 15 single-activity measures and six multi-activity measures. Measurement properties evaluated included internal consistency (three measures), reliability (16 measures), measurement error (14 measures), validity (nine measures), responsiveness (12 measures) and interpretability (three measures). A positive rating was given to only 16% of possible measurement ratings. Evidence for the majority of measurement properties of tests reported in the review has yet to be determined. On balance of the limited evidence, the 40  m self-paced test was the best rated walk test, the 30  s-chair stand test and timed up and go test were the best rated sit to stand tests, and the Stratford battery, Physical Activity Restrictions and Functional Assessment System were the best rated multi-activity measures. CONCLUSION: Further good quality research investigating measurement properties of performance measures, including responsiveness and interpretability in @entity1 with hip and/or knee @entity571 , is needed. Consensus on which combination of measures will best assess physical function in @entity1 with hip/and or knee @entity571 is urgently required.

title: Measurement properties of performance-based measures to assess physical function in hip and XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Some controversy exists concerning the appropriate surgical management for @entity1 with @entity259 invading the laryngotracheal wall. We have used shaving of the wall when @entity3 was confined to the perichondrium, and extensive resection when it invaded further. Preoperative assessment of the depth and length of @entity3 is important when choosing an appropriate surgical procedure. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: A Japanese center for @entity1374 , where about 1400 thyroid operations are performed each year. @entity1 : Of 171 @entity1 with @entity259 who were surgically treated between January 1, 2000, and July 30, 2000, 37 were suspected to have @entity3 on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasonography. INTERVENTION: We used bronchoscopy to examine the 37 @entity1 suspected to have @entity3 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Bronchoscopic findings (localized mucosal redness, @entity8721 , mucosal elevation, @entity4 , and @entity33 ) were compared with pathological results in the 30 @entity1 who underwent curative resections. Seven @entity1 were excluded because of palliative resections. RESULTS: Of the 18 @entity1 without localized mucosal changes, we performed shaving of the laryngotracheal wall in 4 @entity1 because we found @entity3 during surgery. Shaving of the laryngotracheal wall was performed successfully in terms of obtaining a @entity5 -free margin. Twelve @entity1 with localized mucosal redness required extensive resections. Other mucosal changes were found depending on the depth of @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Surgeons should perform extensive resections when encountering localized mucosal redness on bronchoscopy.

title: Bronchoscopic diagnosis of @entity259 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal edema']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal erosion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['laryngotracheal invasion', 'cancer invasion']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid diseases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['laryngotracheal invasion']


abstract: 35 @entity1 with brachial and/or @entity2806 underwent 37 @entity21728 's. Indications for @entity21728 were @entity850 (n = 31) or occlusion (n = 1) of the subclavian artery, @entity850 of the brachiocephalic trunk (n = 2), @entity850 of the axillary artery (n = 2) and @entity850 of the brachial artery (n = 1). 23 @entity1 demonstrated a subclavian steal phenomenon. However, the minority of @entity1 (n = 10) presented with @entity16 , which could be provoked by brachial exercise in only 3 @entity1 . 7 of the 10 @entity1 with @entity1779 demonstrated additional significant @entity850 of the extracranial arteries. The technical success rate for @entity21728 was 89.2%. Two @entity1 showed relapse of the @entity850 . The clinical success rate regarding brachial ischaemia was 94.4% (follow-up: 6-37 months). @entity16 disappeared after treatment in 72.7%. @entity532 without clinical sequelae occurred in 8.6%.

title: [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty ( XXXX ) of the arteries of the arm in brachial and @entity2806 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic symptoms', 'Neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Minor complications']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischaemia']

answer: @entity21728 :: (MESH:D005173,Disease) :: ['PTA']


abstract: The charts of 136 @entity1 presenting with @entity4932 and antinuclear antibodies were reviewed. Mean age at onset was 3.6 yrs and 120 @entity1 were females. Twenty-one @entity1 presented with the polyarticular type of the disease from onset. Among them, 3 had @entity625 with presence of rheumatoid factors. During the first year of follow-up, 40% of the pauciarticular forms became polyarticular. They may be subdivided into extended pauciarticular (5 to 9 @entity625 = 26% of cases) or polyarticular (greater than 9 @entity625 = 15% of cases) forms. The ocular involvement, present in 50 @entity1 , preceded the articular manifestations in 5 cases (for a maximum of 4 years) whereas it followed in 30 cases (maximum delay of 14 years). Inflammatory articular involvement is not always correlated with the risk of ocular involvement. Long-term articular prognosis is generally fair. Only 15 @entity1 present with clearcut functional handicaps, of whom 4 are requiring the help of a third @entity1 .

title: [Chronic XXXX with serum antinuclear antibodies. Study of 136 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile chronic arthritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['juvenile arthritis']


abstract: Intake of dairy products and major dairy constituents (e.g., @entity460 ) has been proposed to reduce the risk of @entity14 , although epidemiological studies have yielded inconclusive results. We conducted a randomized cross-over trial to test the effects of high- and low-dairy consumption diets on rectal mucosal proliferation, a possible intermediary marker for @entity5 . From a gastroenterology clinic at an academic medical center, we recruited 40 @entity1 , ages 25-79 years, who had either a history of a large bowel @entity652 or a first-degree relative with @entity5 . @entity1 completed a baseline questionnaire covering demographic characteristics, health history, and habits and a food frequency questionnaire. They were randomized to a 12-week diet of either high dairy intake (six dairy servings/day) or low dairy intake (<0.5 serving of dairy products/day), with an intervening 12-week washout period in which they were asked to resume their usual diet before crossing over to the alternate study diet for the last 12-week period of the study. Adherence to the study diets was monitored by a daily dairy intake checklist and periodic, unscheduled 24-h dietary recalls. Biopsies of the rectal mucosa were obtained at the beginning and end of each intervention phase. Two assays of rectal mucosal cell proliferation were performed: immunohistochemical determination of @entity1364 and whole crypt mitotic count. We found no statistically significant changes in either of these proliferation measures as a result of high or low dairy intake. There was no correlation between the labeling index for @entity1364 and whole crypt mitotic count; however, measures of the location and intensity of cell proliferation within the rectal crypt were highly correlated between the two assays. Thus, our study indicates that greater consumption of dairy products over a 12-week period does not change rectal mucosal cell proliferation.

title: Effects of milk and milk products on rectal mucosal cell proliferation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['large bowel cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Deleterious long-term effects of @entity338 after @entity215 ( @entity215 ) repair have become evident during the last two decades. Subsequently, different groups have developed strategies aimed at preserving the @entity338 . However, the results of these approaches are not well known. From July 2009 through March 2012, 38 @entity1 underwent primary repair of @entity215 at the authors' institution. Of these, 12 @entity1 (7 @entity1 ) underwent attempted pulmonary valve-sparing surgery with intraoperative dilation of the pulmonary valve. The technical details as well as the echocardiographic preoperative and follow-up data for this repair were recorded, with a special focus on the feasibility of the technique and the effects on @entity338 . No @entity1 in the series died. At repair, the median age was 6 months (range 3.4-126 months), and the median weight was 7.6 kg (range 4.7-47 kg). Intraoperative dilation of the pulmonary valve was technically feasible for all the @entity1 . Two @entity1 had unsuccessful dilation and underwent a transannular patch procedure. During a median follow-up period of 22 months (range 6-30 months), the pulmonary valve diameter and z-score improved significantly. Moreover, the annular size normalized, whereas the mean right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) gradient remained at the mild level (median, 24 mmHg; range 12-36 mmHg). At the most recent follow-up evaluation, three @entity1 showed moderate @entity338 . Intraoperative dilation of the pulmonary valve in @entity1 undergoing @entity215 repair is feasible and provides good relief of obstruction. Moreover, the pulmonary valve annulus grows through the follow-up period. Longer follow-up studies are needed to evaluate the exact role of this strategy in this population.

title: Valve-sparing XXXX repair with intraoperative dilation of the pulmonary valve.

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary regurgitation', 'pulmonary valve function']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'tetralogy of Fallot']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']


abstract: Effects of a 10-week progressive strength training program composed of a mixture of exercises for increasing muscle mass, maximal peak force, and explosive strength (rapid force production) were examined in 8 young (YM) (29+/-5 yrs) and 10 old (OM) (61+/-4 yrs) @entity1 . Electromyographic activity, maximal bilateral isometric peak force, and maximal rate of force development (RFD) of the knee extensors, muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) of the @entity121 ( @entity121 ), muscle fiber proportion, and fiber areas of types I, IIa, IIb, and IIab of the vastus lateralis were evaluated. Maximal and explosive strength values remained unaltered in both groups during a 3-week control period with no training preceding the strength training. After the 10-week training period, maximal isometric peak force increased from 1311+/-123 N by 15.6% (p <.05) in YM and from 976+/-168 N by 16.5% (p <.01) in OM. The pretraining RFD values of 4049+/-791 N*s(-1) in YM and 2526+/-1197 N*s(-1) in OM remained unaltered. Both groups showed significant increases (p < .05) in the averaged maximum IEMGs of the vastus muscles. The CSA of the @entity121 increased from 90.3+/-7.9 cm2 in YM by 12.2% (p <.05) and from 74.7+/-7.8 cm2 in OM by 8.5% (p <.001). No changes occurred in the muscle fiber distribution of type I during the training, whereas the proportion of subtype IIab increased from 2% to 6% (p < .05) in YM and that of type IIb decreased in both YM from 25% to 16% (p < .01) and in OM from 15% to 6% (p < .05). The mean fiber area of type I increased after the 10-week training in YM (p < .001) and OM (p < .05) as well as that of type IIa in both YM (p < .01) and OM (p < .01). The individual percentage values for type I fibers were inversely correlated with the individual changes recorded during the training in the muscle CSA of the @entity121 (r=-.56, p < .05). The present results suggest that both neural adaptations and the capacity of the skeletal muscle to undergo training-induced @entity1184 even in older @entity1 explain the gains observed in maximal force in older @entity1 , while rapid force production capacity recorded during the isometric knee extension action remained unaltered during the present mixed strength training program.

title: Changes in muscle morphology, electromyographic activity, and force production characteristics during progressive strength training in young and older XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['quadriceps femoris', 'QF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To measure QT interval and @entity1162 , and to evaluate possible relationships between these measurements, heart rate variability parameters, and early @entity296 in @entity1 with @entity785 ( @entity785 ). DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Tertiary care centre, University 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy. SUBJECTS: Thirty-eight @entity1 with @entity785 (35 females and three males, mean age 47 +/- 11 years), 19 @entity1 with the diffuse form of disease and 19 with the limited form, and 17 healthy controls (11 females and six males, mean age 43 +/- 10 years) were studied. INTERVENTIONS: Both @entity1 and control subjects underwent resting 12-lead electrocardiogram and 24-hour Holter monitoring. Moreover, resting @entity296 with 99 m Tc-sestamibi was performed in all @entity785 @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Bazett's formula was used to obtain rate corrected value of QT interval (QTc). QT and @entity1480 were defined as the difference between maximum and minimum QT or QTc interval, respectively. Twenty-four-hour heart rate variability was analysed both in the frequency and in the time domain. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity785 @entity1 (60.5%) had myocardial resting perfusion defects (group A) and 15 (39.5%) did not (group B). Maximum QTc interval, QT and @entity1480 were significantly increased in @entity785 @entity1 compared to the control subjects. No significant differences between group A and group B were observed for all QT measurements. Furthermore, maximum QTc interval, @entity1162 and @entity1480 were significantly increased in group A @entity1 compared to the control group. Total power, low-frequency, and high-frequency values were significantly lower in all @entity785 @entity1 , whether in group A or group B, than in control subjects. On the other hand, low-frequency/high-frequency ratio was similar in all groups. Heart rate variability in time domain analysis showed no statistically significant differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity785 have @entity1162 , and @entity1480 . The role of autonomic nervous system and @entity296 on ventricular repolarization in @entity1 with @entity785 needs further investigation.

title: QT interval and @entity1162 in XXXX (scleroderma).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial involvement', 'myocardial scintigraphy']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QT dispersion', 'increased QTc interval, QT dispersion']

entities_list: @entity1480 :: ('MESH:C563184', 'Disease') :: ['QTc dispersion']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: Though @entity46 is a frequent finding in females, it rarely causes obstruction of the small bowel. However, 11 @entity1 with such obstruction were seen at the Mayo Clinic in the years 1950 through 1970. Their ages ranged from 27 years to 51. A portion of involved bowel had to be resected in every case, but most of the lesions were single. Generally the obstructions were subacute and did not produce surgical @entity341 . But because the symptoms were neither specific nor acute, the diagnosis seldom was established prior to laparotomy and the majority of the resections were performed without bowel preparation. Nevertheless, morbidity was minor in most cases and there was no mortality. @entity1744 has not recurred. Endometriosis of the small bowel tends to be limited to the serosa and the muscular coats, not penetrating the mucosa; and obstruction is due to @entity82 and kinking of the bowel. The obstructed segment usually must be resected. If @entity530 is minimal, no further surgery is necessary. But if the pelvic lesions are extensive, or if multiple sites in the small and large intestines are involved, then more radical resection and bilateral oophorectomy are indicated.

title: @entity1744 secondary to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergencies']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['Small-bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: In the pigment cells of the white mutant of @entity238 , as described earlier, two types of abnormal granules are found by conventional electron microscopy. However, both types of abnormal granules, in addition to those in pigment cell invaginations, are also present in the cytoplasm of the photoreceptor cells. Three enzymes ( @entity53878 , @entity12755 , and tyrosinase) are localized within the eyes of wild type and white mutant @entity238 by electron microscopy. @entity12755 activity is present in lamellar bodies close to the rhabdomeral microvilli of both @entity238 types. However the organelles containing @entity12755 activity are 6-fold more frequent in the wild type than in the mutant. @entity53878 is present in lamellar bodies between and at the bases of the rhabdomeral microvilli of the wild type, as well as in ommochrome granules of the photoreceptor cells. In the white mutant, however, @entity53878 was located in electron lucent vacuoles in the cytoplasm of the receptor cells. These @entity53878 -positive vacuoles also contained both types of abnormal granules. The latter result indicates that abnormal granules in the receptor cells originate from lysosomal degradation and that targeting of lysosomal enzymes is altered in the white mutant. Due to the tyrosinase activity in the hemolymph of flies, the extracellular spaces are electron dense after @entity9191 incubation. Since some abnormal granules within the photoreceptor cells are not surrounded by an extracellular space, they can be assumed to originate within the photoreceptor cells.

title: Atypical granules in the eyes of the white mutant of XXXX are lysosome-related organelles.

entities_list: @entity53878 :: ('48445(Tax:7227)', 'Gene') :: ['Acid phosphatase', 'acid phosphatase']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'fly']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Free @entity5 DNA in body fluids may be an important biomarker. We tested whether @entity5 -specific mutated @entity876 DNA can be detected in blood and peritoneal fluid from @entity1 with @entity43 . STUDY DESIGN: Sequencing of @entity5 DNA identified somatic @entity876 mutations. Free DNA from matched blood or peritoneal fluid was evaluated for the @entity5 -specific @entity876 mutation using a ligase detection reaction. RESULTS: Sixty-nine of 137 @entity5 (50%) had @entity876 mutations. Plasma or serum from 21 (30%) of the 69 informative cases contained the @entity5 -specific @entity876 mutation. Circulating @entity5 was an independent predictor of decreased survival in multivariate analysis (P=.02). We detected @entity5 DNA in peritoneal fluid in 28 of 30 (93%) cases, including all 6 cases with negative cytology. CONCLUSION: One third of @entity1 with @entity43 have circulating @entity5 DNA and an associated reduced survival. Free @entity5 DNA can be detected in the majority of peritoneal fluid samples.

title: Tumor-specific XXXX sequences in blood and peritoneal fluid of @entity1 with @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: We previously reported that a transgenic @entity19 line containing the fetal globin promoter linked to the @entity53576 ) viral oncogene (Ggamma/T-15) resulted in @entity263 . In this study, we further @entity5 origin, frequency, invasiveness, @entity342 sensitivity, and gene expression pattern. T Ag was detected in adult but not fetal and neonatal prostates, suggesting a role for @entity3800 in @entity5 progression. However, castration shortly after prostate morphogenesis did not prevent @entity5 development, suggesting an @entity342 -independent phenotype. Tumors originated within ventral or dorsal prostate lobes and involved @entity5436 , rapid growth in the pelvic region, and @entity3 to lymph nodes and distant sites. In addition, the primary @entity5 could be propagated in @entity19 or nontransgenic @entity19 . Seventy-five percent of hemizygous and 100% of homozygous transgenic males developed @entity263 , suggesting a T Ag dosage effect. Biochemical characterization of advanced @entity5 revealed markers of both neuroendocrine and epithelial phenotypes; markers of terminal differentiation are lost early in tumorigenesis. @entity5 suppressor genes ( @entity899 and Rb), normally bound to T Ag, were up-regulated; @entity1379 proto-oncogene, which prevents apoptosis, was slightly up-regulated. @entity18122 , a stimulus to cell cycle progression, was unchanged. We propose the Ggamma/T-15 transgenic line as a model of highly aggressive @entity342 -independent metastatic @entity263 with features similar to @entity5 in @entity1 .

title: XXXX progression, @entity3 , and gene expression in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate carcinoma', 'prostate tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'Tumor', 'explored tumor', 'end-stage prostate cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify the @entity137 ( @entity137 ) to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and to assess their impact on treatment compliance in @entity1 with @entity645 / @entity791 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and thirty-five (235) @entity791 @entity1 who received ART were monitored for @entity137 over a period of 6 months. The incidence and nature of @entity137 occurring with different ART regimens were recorded. We also assessed the severity, causality as well as the impact of @entity137 on the @entity1 ' compliance. RESULTS: Of 235 @entity1 receiving ART, 90.6% @entity1 experienced @entity137 . A total of 618 @entity137 involving various systems were observed. A majority were related to gastrointestinal (42.39%) and central nervous (25.57%) system. 23.1% @entity137 were severe in intensity. Severe @entity137 occurred in 41 out of 235 (17.4%) @entity1 necessitating drug withdrawal. A majority of the @entity1 (87.8%) who complained of severe @entity137 received combination of @entity14027 , @entity16332 and @entity5198 . Causality assessment revealed 6.63% @entity137 were probable and 93.3% @entity137 were possible. Non-compliance due to @entity137 was observed in 28.9% @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Myriad @entity137 are associated with ART which leads to poor @entity1 compliance. With the increasing access to ART in India, it is prudent that antiretroviral drugs are used judicially with regular monitoring of @entity137 .

title: Adverse drug reactions to antiretroviral therapy in @entity791 XXXX at a tertiary care hospital in India: A prospective observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['adverse drug reactions', 'ADRs']

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity14027 :: ('MESH:D018119', 'Chemical') :: ['stavudine']

entities_list: @entity5198 :: ('MESH:D019829', 'Chemical') :: ['nevirapine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the enamel remineralization effectiveness of a @entity1388 rinse, fluoridated dentifrice, and @entity1388 -releasing restorative material. Forty extracted molars had 1 x 5 mm artificial @entity1547 formed at the interproximal contact point. One-hundred-micrometer sections were obtained at the caries sites, and polarized light photomicrographs were obtained. The sections had varnish placed, leaving only the external section site exposed, and were situated back into the original tooth. Forty other molars were obtained; 10 had Class-II glass ionomer cement restorations placed. These 40 teeth were mounted to have interproximal contact with the adjacent teeth containing artificial @entity1547 . Specimens were placed in closed environments of artificial saliva for 1 month, with saliva being changed every 48 h. Ten specimen pairs were brushed with a fluoridated dentifrice for 2 min, twice per day, 10 specimen pairs were rinsed with a 0.05% @entity3163 rinse for 1 min twice per day, 10 specimen pairs had Class-II glass ionomer cement restorations positioned adjacent to 10 teeth with artificial @entity1547 , and 10 specimen pairs acted as controls. After 30 days, the same sections were photographed again under polarized light, and areas of the lesions were digitized quantitatively. Results demonstrated the mean (+/- SD) remineralization (mu m2) in Thoulet's 1.41 imbibition media to be: lesions adjacent to glass ionomer cement restorations, 2.45 +/- 170; lesions exposed to a fluoridated dentifrice, 223 +/- 102; lesions exposed to 0.05% @entity3163 rinse, 374 +/- 120, and control lesions only exposed to artificial saliva, 101 +/- 69. Duncan's analysis indicated the fluoridated rinse to have significantly greater remineralization effects on adjacent caries than the other groups (p < or = 0.05). The glass ionomer restorative material and fluoridated dentifrice also had significantly greater remineralization effects on adjacent caries than the control, yet significantly less than the fluoridated rinse (p < or = 0.05).

title: An in vitro comparison of three XXXX regimens on enamel remineralization.

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['carious lesions']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

entities_list: @entity3163 :: ('MESH:D012969', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluoride']

answer: @entity1388 :: (MESH:D005459,Chemical) :: ['fluoride']


abstract: From January 1982 to December 1991, 65 interventions were performed in 61 @entity1 with active @entity884 ( @entity884 ): 32 on native valves (Group 1) and 33 on prosthetic valves (Group 2). In Group 1, 23 @entity1 had a known previous @entity340 ; major preoperative clinical complications occurred in 16 @entity1 (50%); 84% were in NYHA classes III and IV. In Group 2 major preoperative clinical complications occurred in 13 @entity1 (44.8%); 86% were in NYHA classes III and IV. The mean time interval between the onset of hemodynamic impairment of varying degrees and surgery was 13 +/- 15 days for Group 1, and 8 +/- 11 days for Group 2. In all cases, the native valves or prostheses were replaced by mechanical valve prostheses. Particular procedures were performed in three @entity1 in Group 1 and five @entity1 in Group 2. In Group 1 there were 8 hospital deaths (25%) and 11 (34.4%) @entity532 . In Group 2 there were 9 deaths (31%) and 14 (48.3%) @entity532 . Risk factors for @entity204 were "preoperative @entity998 " and "time interval between the onset of @entity712 and surgery" in Group 1, " @entity712 " in Group 2, "time interval between the onset of @entity712 and surgery" and "particular procedures" in all 61 @entity1 . @entity295 alone and the type of pathogenic agent does not significantly affect the risk of @entity204 . The recurrence of acute @entity884 was 12.6% in Group 1, and 20% in Group 2. The incidence of reintervention was 12.6% in Group 1 and 35% in Group 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Active XXXX : surgical approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure', 'cardiac failure+sepsis']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low cardiac output syndrome']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['non-fatal complications']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['hospital death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['IE', 'infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: After a favorable experience with @entity136 at a low dose in a prolonged infusion in combination with @entity900 for advanced @entity1149 , here, we present the results from a phase II trial for @entity1 with @entity3620 . Eligible @entity1 had biopsy-proven @entity3620 , were chemo-naive, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-2, had normal hematopoietic liver and renal function, and gave informed consent. Treatment consisted of @entity136 250 mg/m in a 6-h infusion on days 1 and 8 and @entity900 at 75 mg/m on day 2 of a 3-week cycle for four cycles, followed by two additional cycles without @entity900 . Seventy-eight @entity1 (58 @entity1 , 20 @entity1 ; age 33-82 years, median 58) were recruited into the trial. The histologic types were as follows: epitheloid 56 (71.8%); four sarcomatoid (5.1%); mixed 15 (19.2%); and mesothelioma, three not otherwise specified (3.8%). Grades 3-4 @entity137 included two (2.6%) @entity1 with @entity417 , 18 (23.1%) with @entity1398 , and one with @entity390 / @entity391 . Reversible @entity1148 with platelets over 1000-10/l was recorded in 10 (12.8%) @entity1 and grade 2 @entity1665 in 60 (76.9%). Four (5.1%) @entity1 showed a complete response and 35 (44.9%) showed a partial response with a response rate of 39/78 (50%). Minimal response or stable disease was seen in 35 (44.9%), whereas only four (5.1%) @entity1 progressed during treatment. Most @entity1 reported symptomatic improvement with a higher or a stable quality of life score in 70 (89.7%) cases. The median progression-free survival was 8.0 months (confidence interval 6.9-9.0). The median overall survival was 17.0 months (confidence interval 14.7-19.2). One-year, two-year, and three-year survival rates were 67.3, 32.7, and 19.8%, respectively. Epitheloid histological type was the only statistically significant favorable prognostic factor for progression-free survival and overall survival. Because of the acceptable @entity137 , remarkable activity, and reasonable cost, this treatment should be further explored.

title: A phase II trial of low-dose @entity136 in a prolonged infusion and @entity900 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: In @entity1 experiencing an acute episode of @entity56 ( @entity56 ), the alveoli and interstitium show a marked @entity32 . The effects of this infiltration with effector cells on gas exchange and the cardiopulmonary system are not well characterized, and there are no data regarding cardiopulmonary exercise testing during @entity56 . The aim of this study was to gain new insights into the pathophysiology of @entity8007 using cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed in @entity1 who had @entity8007 (n=21) before and 4 h after a standardized exposure with mouldy hay. Farmers who were asymptomatic for this condition (n=15) served as controls. At baseline, @entity1 who had @entity8007 had a decreased breathing reserve and a greater alveolar to arterial @entity26 difference. Following exposure, all of these @entity1 developed @entity56 . Compared to the asymptomatic farmers, they showed an increase of alveolar to arterial @entity26 difference and functional dead space ventilation during exercise and a reduction of the breathing reserve. In addition, 40% of the asymptomatic farmers demonstrated a pathological increase of the alveolar to arterial @entity26 difference during exercise following exposure. In conclusion, our data signify that acute @entity56 induces significant changes in pulmonary gas exchange during exercise. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing may help to identify individuals with possible subclinical @entity8007 .

title: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing following hay exposure challenge in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity8007 :: ('MESH:D005203', 'Disease') :: ["farmer's lung", "farmer's lung disease", "acute farmer's lung"]

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['HP', 'hypersensitivity pneumonitis']

answer: @entity8007 :: (MESH:D005203,Disease) :: ['farmer's lung']


abstract: The propeptides PICP and PINP are derived from the synthesis of type I collagen, a major matrix protein of bone and soft tissues. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate their value as indicators of the aggressivity of @entity0 . Serum PINP, PICP, and total alkaline phosphatase were determined from 89 @entity0 @entity1 . Forty had major bone and/or soft tissue metastases with an @entity146 : the @entity74 ( @entity74 ) group. Forty-nine had either none or minor bone and/or soft tissue metastases with a stable clinical course: the stable disease group (SD). The mean value of PINP in the @entity74 group was 7.2 times higher than that in the SD group (276 +/- 79 microg/l versus 38 +/- 3 microg/l, respectively; P = 0.005), whereas PICP mean value was only 1.7 times higher in the @entity74 group (174 +/- 20 microg/l versus 100 +/- 5 microg/l; P = 0.001). The ratio of PICP to PINP was 1.02 +/- 0.07 in the @entity74 group and 3.07 +/- 0.18 in the SD group (P < 0.001). The correlation between PICP and PINP was linear in the SD group and nonlinear in the @entity74 group. The results indicate that high serum PICP and PINP concentrations and a low PICP:PINP ratio are associated with a highly aggressive nature of @entity0 . Determination of PINP, in particular, may be valuable when evaluating the clinical status of a @entity0 @entity1 .

title: XXXX leads to discrepant serum levels of the type I procollagen propeptides PINP and PICP.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive disease course']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Aggressive breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Microbial etiology for anti-osteoclastic drug-related @entity2530 of the jaw (ARONJ) was suggested. This study investigates any link between bacteria colonizing ARONJ sites and other oral cavity sites. Microbiota samples of 10 ARONJ @entity1 were collected from the exposed bone, adjacent teeth, contralateral teeth, and tongue. DNA checkerboard hybridization was used for microbiota analysis with 43 genomic DNA probes prepared from @entity1 oral bacterial (38) and candida (5) species, using Socransky's bacterial complexes as a guide. The frequency and the mean proportion of each bacterial species were used. @entity4424 , @entity34641 , and @entity8209 were dominant in the ARONJ sites and detected in most teeth samples. @entity794 was also dominant in the ARONJ sites and tongue. Significant correlations were found between the mean proportions of bacterial species colonizing adjacent teeth, contralateral teeth, and tongue (p < 0.001, R(2) > 0.69). No significant correlation (p > 0.05, R(2) < 0.025) was found between bacteria colonizing ARONJ sites and other evaluated sites. Within the study limitations, it was concluded that the primary sources of microorganisms colonizing ARONJ sites could be other sites such as teeth and tongue. The microbial profile of the necrotic bone is predominantly colonized with bacteria from Socransky's green and orange complexes, as well as with species associated with @entity79 .

title: Profile of bacteria colonizing the exposed bone of patients with anti-osteoclastic drug-related XXXX of the jaws.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8209 :: ('851', 'Species') :: ['Fusobacterium nucleatum']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone infections']

entities_list: @entity4424 :: ('539', 'Species') :: ['Eikenella corrodens']

entities_list: @entity34641 :: ('76860', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus constellatus']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['osteonecrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the feasibility of a held-breath self-gating (HBSG) technique in the radiotherapy of @entity2 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixteen consecutive eligible and consenting @entity1 undergoing radiotherapy for @entity1149 were accrued for this study. The @entity1 underwent a standardized training session and were then asked to breath hold at four points in the @entity1353 cycle (maximal and end tidal, inspiration and expiration) while under fluoroscopic visualization. Plain films and video imaging with digital image analysis were used to record and measure the movement of the diaphragm, a @entity5 surrogate, in the superior-inferior @entity2270 . These measurements were obtained during and between multiple separate breath holds within one session and between breath holds in sessions held at least one day apart. RESULTS: Maximal inspiration and expiration tend to provide the best positional reliability, and the standard deviation of diaphragmatic position ranged from 0.13 to 2.57 mm, with an average of 0.97 mm. During a single breath hold, the diaphragmatic movement averaged 2.62 mm with a standard deviation of 1.28 mm. The day-to-day variation of diaphragmatic positions was less than 5 mm. The held-breath self-gating technique resulted in a reduction of diaphragmatic movement by an average of 11.9 mm when compared to that seen during tidal @entity1353 . CONCLUSION: In the radiotherapeutic management of @entity1149 , this HBSG technique offers a simple method that provides superior immobilization of the diaphragm compared to tidal @entity1353 . Clinical implementation of this technique should allow for a reduction of treatment margins, thus sparing more normal tissues and facilitating dose escalation.

title: Held-breath self-gating technique for radiotherapy of XXXX : a feasibility study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of @entity2814 inhibition (ACEI) ( @entity3371 1 mg/kg i.v.) to direct @entity1122 inhibition ( @entity53812 3 mg/kg i.v.) on left ventricular and systemic hemodynamics and peripheral blood flows in advanced @entity712 ( @entity712 ). METHODS: Conscious chronically instrumented @entity235 (n = 14) were treated with @entity3371 , 1 mg/kg, i.v., or @entity53812 , 3 mg/kg, i.v., before and after development of advanced @entity712 induced by 4-7 weeks of rapid ventricular pacing. After advanced @entity712 , comparisons between the inhibitors were made at equihypotensive doses. RESULTS: In advanced @entity712 , both agents caused comparable reductions in mean arterial pressure (MAP) (-22% from 79 +/- 4 mmHg) and comparable increases (P < 0.01) in cardiac output ( @entity53812 , 1.4 +/- 0.3 to 1.8 +/- 0.1 l/min; @entity3371 , 1.4 +/- 0.1 to 1.9 +/- 0.1 l/min). Neither agent had a significant effect on LV contractility. In contrast, @entity53812 caused a greater (P < 0.05) @entity101 (66 +/- 6% from 64 +/- 5 ml/min) compared to @entity3371 (33 +/- 4% from 66 +/- 7 ml/min). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1122 inhibition with @entity53812 and ACEI with @entity3371 caused comparable hemodynamic effects in advanced @entity712 . However, @entity53812 caused significantly greater increases in renal blood flow and suppressed @entity1122 activity to a greater degree than @entity3371 .

title: Effects of @entity1122 inhibition compared to @entity2814 inhibition in conscious XXXX with pacing-induced @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in renal blood flow']

entities_list: @entity2814 :: ('610668(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to demonstrate that the presence of atypical perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (pANCA) in @entity1960 ( @entity1960 ) @entity1 and the potential role of pANCA for predicting the @entity1 either with @entity31 ( @entity31 ) or @entity30 ( @entity30 ) for @entity31 and @entity30 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Outpatients and inpatients from the hospital were retrospectively enrolled between April 2008 and December 2010. A total of 25 @entity1960 @entity1 enrolled in the present study. Subsequently, 25 randomly selected serum samples were tested for pANCA in our laboratory. Determination of pANCA was performed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Minimum follow-up was 12 months. The mean duration of disease was 20.52 months. The diagnosis was changed to @entity31 in 13, to @entity30 in 5 @entity1 . The remaining 7 @entity1 are still classified with @entity1960 , with mean disease duration of 21.29 months. Duration of disease differs statistically when comparing pANCA positive versus pANCA negative. A positive correlation was found between @entity1960 and disease location in our study. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with an initial diagnosis of @entity1960 who have positive serology are given a definitive diagnosis of @entity31 or @entity30 , respectively, more often than @entity1 with negative serology.

title: Atypical pANCA as a marker of @entity1960 for the prediction of @entity31 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['IC', 'indeterminate colitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: The @entity9886 Intervention for Endpoint reduction in @entity101 (LIFE) study demonstrated the clinical benefit of @entity9886 -based therapy in @entity101 @entity1 with @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ), mainly due to a highly significant 25% reduction in the relative risk of @entity64 compared with an @entity2165 -based regimen, for a similar reduction in blood pressure. The aim of this economic evaluation was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of @entity9886 compared with @entity2165 from a UK national health system perspective. Quality-adjusted survival and direct medical costs were modelled beyond the trial using the within-trial incidence of @entity64 . Survival with @entity64 , study medication use and quality of life by @entity64 status were taken directly from the LIFE trial. The LIFE data were supplemented with UK data on lifetime direct medical costs of @entity64 and life expectancy in individuals without @entity64 . No additional @entity64 events or use of study treatment were assumed beyond the trial. Costs and benefits were discounted using current UK Treasury rates. In the base-case analysis, the reduction in @entity64 -related costs (by 968 sterling pound) offset 86% of the increase in study medication costs (1128 sterling pound) among @entity9886 -treated @entity1 . The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for @entity9886 versus @entity2165 in @entity101 @entity1 with @entity4346 was 2130 sterling pound per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained (3195 @entity7634 /QALY), and this increased to 11,352 sterling pound per QALY gained (16,450 @entity7634 /QALY) when the costs of @entity64 beyond the first 5 years were excluded. Thus, the clinical benefit of @entity9886 was achieved at a cost well within reported thresholds for cost-effectiveness.

title: Cost-effectiveness of @entity9886 -based therapy in @entity1 with @entity101 and XXXX : a UK-based economic evaluation of the @entity9886 Intervention for Endpoint reduction in @entity101 (LIFE) study.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan', 'Losartan']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LVH', 'left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

answer: @entity4346 :: (MESH:D017379,Disease) :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bolus thrombolytic therapy is a simplified means of administering thrombolysis that facilitates rapid time to treatment. TNK-tissue plasminogen activator (TNK-tPA) is a highly fibrin-specific single-bolus thrombolytic agent. METHODS AND RESULTS: In TIMI 10B, 886 @entity1 with acute ST-elevation @entity583 presenting within 12 hours were randomized to receive either a single bolus of 30 or 50 mg TNK-tPA or front-loaded tPA and underwent immediate coronary angiography. The 50-mg dose was discontinued early because of @entity932 and was replaced by a 40-mg dose, and heparin doses were decreased. TNK-tPA 40 mg and tPA produced similar rates of TIMI grade 3 flow at 90 minutes (62.8% versus 62.7%, respectively, P=NS); the rate for the 30-mg dose was significantly lower (54.3%, P=0.035) and was 65. 8% for the 50-mg dose (P=NS). A prespecified analysis of weight-based TNK-tPA dosing using median TIMI frame count demonstrated a dose response (P=0.001). Similar dose responses were observed for serious @entity548 and @entity932 , but significantly lower rates were observed for both TNK-tPA and tPA after the heparin doses were lowered and titration of the heparin was started at 6 hours. CONCLUSIONS: TNK-tPA, given as a single 40-mg bolus, achieved rates of TIMI grade 3 flow similar to those of the 90-minute bolus and infusion of tPA. Weight-adjusting TNK-tPA appears to be important in achieving optimal reperfusion; reduced heparin dosing appears to improve safety for both agents. Together with the safety results from the parallel Assessment of the Safety of a New Thrombolytic: TNK-tPA (ASSENT I) trial, an appropriate dose of this single-bolus thrombolytic agent has been identified for phase III testing.

title: TNK-tissue plasminogen activator compared with front-loaded alteplase in acute @entity583 : results of the TIMI 10B trial. Thrombolysis in XXXX (TIMI) 10B Investigators.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage', 'increased intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: Anti-dsDNA Ab is reported to be the central pathogenic autoantibody involved in @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms involved in anti-dsDNA Ab production remain unclear. Recent evidence indicated that DNA-containing immune complexes (ICs) in circulation (termed "circulating DNA-containing ICs"), which are one of the hallmarks of @entity1252 , might be involved in autoantibody production. In this study, we explored their potential role in anti-dsDNA Ab production and the underlying mechanisms in @entity1 with @entity1252 . We demonstrated that circulating DNA-containing ICs were able to induce anti-dsDNA Ab. Of note, @entity518 in circulating DNA-containing ICs was crucial for anti-dsDNA Ab induction. The @entity518 content of circulating DNA-containing ICs also correlated positively with anti-dsDNA Ab production in @entity1 with @entity1252 . Further, we revealed that the @entity2938 / @entity4100 / @entity10015 ( @entity10015 ) pathway was pivotal for @entity518 to confer anti-dsDNA Ab induction, and @entity12136 was a functional target of @entity10015 in the induction of anti-dsDNA Ab by circulating DNA-containing ICs. Finally, we validated the expression of @entity10015 and @entity12136 and their correlation with anti-dsDNA Ab production in @entity1 with @entity1252 . To our knowledge, this is the first report of the crucial role of @entity518 in autoantibody production mediated by the @entity2938 / @entity4100 / @entity10015 / @entity12136 pathway. These findings identify a novel mechanism to account for the persistent production of anti-dsDNA Ab in @entity1252 and a clue for developing a novel therapeutic strategy against @entity1252 .

title: Autoantibody induction by DNA-containing immune complexes requires XXXX with the @entity2938 / @entity10015 pathway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

answer: @entity518 :: (3146,Gene) :: ['HMGB1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Differentiating @entity432 from tight stenosis of the internal carotid artery is crucial with regard to treatment and prognosis. At our institution, the diagnosis of @entity543 is based on duplex scanning. In cases of occlusion, duplex is not reliable, and angiography is performed, thereby increasing morbidity. We tried to determine whether a combination of duplex scanning and CT angiography (CTA) can replace angiography in the diagnosis of @entity432 . DESIGN: Prospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1995 to 1997, 148 @entity1 were diagnosed as having @entity432 by duplex scanning. CTA was performed on all @entity1 . Forty-four @entity1 underwent angiography and 10 @entity1 were surgically explored. Both procedures were considered "gold standard" for the diagnosis of occlusion. RESULTS: Arteries found to be occluded by both CTA and duplex scan were confirmed as occluded by angiography or operation in 95% of the cases (42/44). Arteries found to be occluded by duplex but patent by CTA were confirmed as patent in 100% of cases (10/10). CTA has a significantly higher positive predicting value for diagnosing occlusion than duplex scan (95% vs. 77%, p value < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Combination of duplex scanning and CTA is safe and accurate in the diagnosis of @entity432 and can replace angiography in most cases, thereby reducing morbidity.

title: Duplex scanning and CT angiography in the diagnosis of XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['total occlusion', 'carotid occlusion']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['carotid artery occlusion']


abstract: Argyrophilic grains ( @entity534 ) and coiled bodies of @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and the neurofibrillary lesions of @entity195 ( @entity195 ) share similar antigenic determinants, among them hyperphosphorylated @entity3668 . Nothing is known about the mechanisms underlying tau hyperphosphorylation in @entity66 , the hyperphosphorylated sites or the intracellular distribution of abnormally phosphorylated tau. We have analysed brain tissue sections from 41 subjects with @entity66 with a panel of phosphorylation-dependent (AT270, AT8, Tau-1, AT180, 12E8, @entity20108 and AT100) and phosphorylation-independent anti-tau antibodies (N-tau 5, 304, 189 and 134). All antibodies labelled @entity534 , coiled bodies and neurofibrillary lesions, with the exception of antibody 12E8, which stained a subset of @entity3072 , but no @entity534 or coiled bodies. Most pyramidal neurons in areas rich in @entity534 showed diffuse granular tau labelling in cell bodies and dendrites. Only very few tau-positive cells also contained @entity3072 . Phosphorylation-dependent anti-tau antibodies also stained a felt-like network of Gallyas-negative filiform neurites in layer @entity1399 of the hippocampus and in layer pre-B of the transentorhinal cortex. These results demonstrate a widespread hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in the somatodendritic domain of neurons in @entity66 , in addition to @entity575 grains in the neuropil. Unlike in @entity195 , tau hyperphosphorylation in the somatodendritic domain in @entity66 does not appear to be followed by @entity3072 formation, even in the presence of widespread @entity534 in the neuropil. Furthermore, our data suggest that no strict correlation exists between the presence or density of @entity534 in the limbic area and the occurrence of @entity303 .

title: XXXX : widespread hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in limbic neurons.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['argyrophilic grain disease', 'AgD']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary tangles', 'neurofibrillary tangle']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3668 :: ('4137', 'Gene') :: ['microtubule-associated protein tau']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Argyrophilic grain disease']


abstract: @entity5323 ( @entity5323 ) is an @entity74 of connective tissue. @entity5323 results in debilitating @entity2736 . Permanent @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) is a common late finding, but is usually preceded by specific inciting @entity130 . Extreme care must be exercised when carrying out routine dental care to prevent soft tissue @entity130 . Oral health care for @entity1 with @entity5323 is usually complex. There are additional considerations when oral surgical procedures, such as extractions, are needed. Maintaining a balance between oral health and disease progression in these @entity1 is challenging, as they frequently present with advanced @entity66 . Fiber optic-assisted placement of the nasoendotracheal tube is the standard of care. Intramuscular injections including mandibular blocks must be avoided. Permanent fusion of the @entity1348 leads to @entity3147 , inanition, and @entity1173 . In @entity1 with complete @entity1348 ankylosis, dental extractions can be safely and effectively performed while accessing teeth from the buccal aspect. This approach has successfully resulted in decreased morbidity in these @entity1 as well as others with limited oral opening.

title: Oral management in a XXXX with @entity5323 ossificans progressiva.

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint', 'TMJ']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['oral disease']

entities_list: @entity5323 :: ('MESH:D009221', 'Disease') :: ['Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva', 'FOP']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant disorder']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification of the axial and appendicular skeleton']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration of food']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']