abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify a high-risk group of @entity1 with @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ), independently arising in the pancreas with @entity4929 ( @entity4929 ), using histopathologic subtypes. BACKGROUND: Pathologic features of @entity4929 with distinct @entity1124 , including histopathologic subtypes of @entity4929 and @entity1124 phenotypes, have not been well characterized. @entity3558 expression patterns and the mutational status of @entity2163 and @entity984 are useful to explore the relationship between these 2 lesion types. METHODS: Clinicopathologic data of 179 resected IPMNs and 180 resected PDACs without IPMNs as a control group were reviewed. IPMNs were classified into 4 grades (low-grade, intermediate-grade, high-grade @entity1141 , and an associated @entity189 ) and 4 subtypes (gastric, intestinal, pancreatobiliary, and oncocytic). The expression of @entity2355 , @entity5091 , @entity5089 , @entity21826 , and @entity6628 was investigated by immunohistochemistry in IPMNs and PDACs with and without IPMNs. The mutational status of @entity2163 and @entity984 was evaluated by cycle sequencing in PDACs and pre-/coexisting IPMNs. RESULTS: Twenty-six synchronous or metachronous PDACs were identified in 20 @entity1 (11.2%) with IPMNs. Occurrence of concomitant PDACs was more frequently observed in gastric-type IPMNs (18/110, 16.4%) compared with intestinal (1/49, 2.0%), pancreatobiliary (1/17, 5.9%), or oncocytic-type (0/3, 0%) (P = 0.047). Both PDACs with and without IPMNs were frequently positive for @entity2355 , @entity5089 , and @entity21826 expression, as assessed by immunohistochemistry, but were negative for @entity5091 and @entity6628 . The @entity3558 -staining patterns were similar to those of invasive @entity420 arising from gastric-type IPMNs. Mutation of @entity2163 within codon 201 was not detected in PDACs and gastric-type IPMNs, whereas most of these exhibited @entity984 mutations. However, the @entity17973 @entity2163 mutation was detected in 1 intestinal-type @entity4929 with distinct @entity1124 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3558 expression patterns demonstrate that @entity1124 without @entity2163 mutations of an @entity146 phenotype frequently arise in the pancreas with @entity356 in the absence of @entity2163 mutations.

title: Intraductal @entity4929 of the pancreas with distinct XXXX are frequently of gastric subtype.

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm', 'IPMN']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['PDAC', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['tubular adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['benign gastric-type IPMN']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1124 :: (MESH:D021441,Disease) :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas']


abstract: Feeding @entity74 do exist and may constitute a major challenge to their families' well being. A cases series of 86 ex-prematures with severe feeding disorders was analysed regarding co-morbidity, response to therapy and the long-term outcome after treatment. These @entity1 with a gestational age of <37 weeks had been referred for hospital rehabilitation because of severe feeding disorders, defined as tube feeding or average feeding times of more than 30 minutes. Behavioural therapy was the key element of the treatment. Ex-prematures accounted for 86/266 @entity1 admitted for treatment of feeding disorders between 1995 and 2004. Whereas only 40.8% of these had @entity306 , 51.1% had a diagnosis of @entity1032 and 87% had interaction problems. Response to treatment up to discharge was achieved in 61.6%. Univariat analyses showed that tube feeding at admission and swallowing difficulties were the best predictors of failure to respond to the intervention. Long-term follow-up data that were collected for 53 of the 86 @entity1 with similar initial response to therapy (64.2%) compared to @entity1 with no follow-up data (57.6%). Success of therapy after discharge was maintained in 94.1%; however, 25% of the @entity1 with normal BMI's at discharge and sustained success of therapy fell below the 3rd BMI percentile. @entity306 , @entity1032 and interaction problems appear to be important risk factors for severe feeding @entity74 . A therapeutic intervention based on behavioural therapy achieved sustained success in almost two thirds of the @entity1 .

title: Feeding XXXX : causes--response to therapy--long term outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['disorders in ex-prematures']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'Cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['disorders in ex-prematures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine whether expanding the number of levels (ie, response categories) on the standard 3 level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-3L) to 5-levels (EQ-5D-5L) would improve the descriptive @entity3794 and ability of the measure to discriminate among different levels of health, and 2) to examine the psychometric properties of each EQ-5D version in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: U.S.-based @entity5 @entity1 self-assessed their health using EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L. These versions were compared in terms of ceiling effects, convergent validity based on correlations with ECOG performance status and FACT-G, discriminative ability using Rasch analysis, and informational @entity3794 using Shannon's Evenness Index (J'). RESULTS: A ceiling effect was observed among a greater proportion of respondents to EQ-5D-3L, n=74/424 (17%), compared with EQ-5D-5L, n=47/424 (11%). Within the midlevel of EQ-5D-3L (some problems), substantial partitioning of the sample into the 3 nonextreme levels of the EQ-5D-5L was observed across dimensions. EQ-5D-5L demonstrated a trend towards slightly stronger correlations with ECOG performance status compared with EQ-5D-3L for all dimensions of health, ie, rs (5L/3L): rmobility=0.38/0.31; rself-care=0.35/0.31; rusual activities=0.55/0.47; @entity39506 /discomfort=0.43/0.37; ranxiety/ @entity308 =0.23/0.16; rcrude summary score=0.56/0.49. EQ-5D-5L demonstrated a greater relative efficiency and ability to discriminate different levels of health. Informational @entity3794 and evenness of EQ-5D-5L was slightly higher (J'5L=0.75) than EQ-5D-3L (J'3L=0.69). CONCLUSION: Evidence supported the validity of both EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L in @entity5 . However, results suggest a 5-level classifier system has less ceiling effect and greater discriminative ability with potentially more power to detect differences between groups compared with EQ-5D-3L.

title: Psychometric comparison of the standard EQ-5D to a 5 level version in @entity5 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The organization of the aggregates occurring in the stroma: (1) of the @entity19 and @entity1 @entity267 after incubation in an @entity855 acidic solution; (2) of surgically excised epiretinal membranes (ERM); and (3) of the trabecular meshwork of monkey eyes was investigated morphologically and immunocytochemically on thin section electron microscopy. Morphology. The aggregates in the @entity267 appeared as cross-banded fibrils. The bands were uniformly electron dense (single banded form); they were separated from each other by interbands consisting of a bundle of filaments emerging in cross section as small areas of randomly assembled dot-like structures. In the ERM, most of the aggregates stood out as heteromorphic cross-banded bodies showing dense bands with electron denser borders (double banded form) and interbands composed of longitudinally oriented, parallel sheets or laminae of amorphous material enclosing thin, similarly oriented filaments. These extended, thinner and double in number (since interlacing with similar components of the opposite sheet), into the pale central zone of the dense band. The aggregates of the trabecular meshwork were heteromorphic, had uniformly dense bands (single banded form as in the @entity267 ), but their interbands displayed longitudinal sheets (as the ERM aggregates). Immunocytochemistry revealed type VI collagen in the three eye aggregates with gold particles preferentially localized at the interbands. The specificity of the antibodies used was tested by Western blot analysis of type VI collagen samples extracted from @entity1 placenta and on homogenates of @entity1 @entity267 . In conclusion, the results indicate that the tetramers of type VI collagen may aggregate differently into structures with distinct supramolecular arrangements. These are illustrated in schematic drawings.

title: In the XXXX eye type VI collagen tetramers form three morphologically different aggregates.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: AIM: @entity1161 , a common condition associated with radiotherapy for the treatment of @entity5 , is characterized by difficult to manage @entity158 and @entity548 . Cryotherapy is a novel technique, previously used in the treatment of @entity455 in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of cryospray application in the treatment of @entity1161 . METHODS: This is a prospective case-series pilot study. Ten @entity1 with symptomatic @entity102 were consecutively enrolled over a 2-year period. Baseline clinical data were collected and an endoscopic score was calculated based on the density of @entity4122 and circumferential involvement. Subjects underwent up to four cryospray ablation treatment sessions at approximately 4-week intervals or until resolution of the @entity4272 . The endpoints of the study were endoscopic and clinical improvement in @entity1161 . RESULTS: Ten @entity1 (nine males and one female) with a mean age of 74        7 years underwent cryospray treatment; sessions ranged from one to four (six @entity1 had one session, three @entity1 had two sessions, and one @entity1 underwent four sessions). Endoscopic score significantly decreased from a mean of 10.2        3.0 to 4.0        2.8 (P   =   0.016). @entity158 significantly decreased from a mean of 3.1        3.0 to 1.2        1.7 (P   =   0.042) and @entity548 improved in 86% (six out of seven) of @entity1 . Nine @entity1 reported improvement in overall well-being. No major complications were encountered. CONCLUSIONS: Cryotherapy is an effective method in the management of @entity102 with minimal complications.

title: Efficacy of cryospray ablation for the treatment of XXXX in a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular ectasias']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation proctitis', 'Radiation proctitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic cancers']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['proctitis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic radiation proctitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rectal pain', 'Rectal pain']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic radiation proctitis']


abstract: Formation of cerebral de novo @entity439 (CDNA) is rare, and the pathogenesis remains obscure. In this study, we investigated the factors that contribute to the formation of CDNA and suggest guidelines for following @entity1 treated for @entity438 . We retrospectively reviewed 2,887 @entity1 treated for intracranial @entity439 at our institute from January of 1976 to December of 2005. Of those @entity1 , 12 were readmitted due to recurrent @entity397 of CDNA, which was demonstrated by cerebral angiography. We assessed clinical characteristics, such as gender, size and site of @entity397 , past history, and the time to CDNA @entity397 . Of the 12 @entity1 , 11 were female and 1 was male, with a mean age at @entity397 of the first @entity439 of 44.7 years (range: 30-69 years). The mean time between the first episode of @entity510 ( @entity510 ) and the second was 8.9 years (range: 1.0-16.7 years). The most common site of @entity397 CDNA was the internal carotid artery (5 @entity1 , 41.7%), followed by basilar artery bifurcation (3 @entity1 , 25.0%). In the remaining 4 @entity1 , @entity397 occurred in the anterior communicating, middle cerebral, anterior cerebral (A1), or posterior cerebral (P1) arteries. In 5 cases (41.7%), the CDNA occurred contralateral to the initial @entity439 . Eleven @entity1 (91.7%) had a past history of arterial @entity101 . There was no history of habitual smoking or @entity285 abuse in any of the @entity1 . Eight @entity1 underwent clipping for CDNA and three @entity1 were treated with coiling. One @entity1 who had @entity439 was treated with clipping following intra-aneurysmal coiling. Assessment according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) of the @entity1 after the treatment was good in 10 cases (83.3%) and fair in 2 cases (16.7%). Although formation of CDNA after successful treatment of initial @entity439 is rare, several factors may contribute to recurrence. In our study, female @entity1 with a history of arterial @entity101 were at higher risk for @entity397 CDNA. We recommend follow-up imaging studies every five years after treatment of the initial @entity439 , especially in @entity1 and those with a history of arterial @entity101 .

title: A clinical analysis of twelve cases of XXXX cerebral de novo @entity439 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'multiple aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['ruptured']


abstract: OBJECT: The goal of this study was to determine the clinical course of @entity2457 (DAVFs) and to calculate the annual rate of conversion of these lesions to more aggressive @entity292 that have @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ). METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted of all @entity1 harboring DAVFs who were seen at the authors' institution between 1997 and 2009. Twenty-three @entity1 with Type I DAVFs who had available clinical follow-up were identified. Angiographic and clinical data from these @entity1 were reviewed. Neurological outcome and status of presenting symptoms were assessed during long-term follow-up. RESULTS: Of the 23 @entity1 , 13 underwent endovascular treatment for intolerable @entity1109 , and 10 did not undergo treatment. Three untreated @entity1 died of unrelated causes. In those who were treated, complete DAVF obliteration was achieved in 4 @entity1 , and palliative reduction in DAVF flow was achieved in 9 @entity1 . Of the 19 @entity1 without radiographic cure, no @entity1 developed @entity932 or @entity51 ( @entity51 ), and no @entity1 died of DAVF-related causes over a mean follow-up of 5.6 years. One @entity1 experienced a spontaneous, asymptomatic obliteration of a partially treated DAVF in late follow-up, and 2 @entity1 experienced a symptomatic conversion of their DAVF to a higher-grade fistula with @entity1211 in late follow-up. The annual rate of conversion to a higher-grade DAVF based on Kaplan-Meier cumulative event-free survival analysis was 1.0%. The annual rate of @entity932 , NHND, and DAVF-related death was 0.0%. CONCLUSIONS: A small number of Type I DAVFs will convert to more aggressive DAVFs with @entity1211 over time. This conversion to a higher-grade DAVF is typically heralded by a change in @entity1 symptoms. Follow-up vascular imaging is important, particularly in the setting of recurrent or new symptoms.

title: @entity2457 : clinical course including risk of conversion to higher-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus or ophthalmological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['Borden-Shucart Type I cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['NHNDs', 'nonhemorrhagic neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['cortical venous drainage', 'CVD']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistulas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess late morbidity after repair of @entity1498 and its association with residual aortic arch obstruction. DESIGN AND SETTING: This is an observational cohort study of 133 @entity1 who underwent surgical repair during 1965-1985. Echocardiography, bicycle exercise testing, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and magnetic resonance imaging/computerized tomography scan of the thoracic aorta were performed. The setting of this study was a tertiary referral center. @entity1 : Among 156 survivors, 133 (84 @entity1 ) accepted study participation. Median age (range) was 10 (0.1-40) years at repair and 44 (26-74) years at follow-up. OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcome measures used are prevalence of previous cardiovascular reinterventions, current @entity340 , exercise capacity, blood pressure levels at rest and during exercise, and presence of recurrent or residual aortic arch obstruction and/or @entity449 . RESULTS: Thirty-five had undergone cardiovascular reinterventions. Sixteen had an aortic and three had a mitral valve prosthesis; 117 had a native aortic valve that was bicuspid in 63 and dysfunctional in 45. Ejection fraction was below 50% in 16. On exercise, performance was reduced in 37 and @entity101 was induced in 47. Fifty-eight had elevated blood pressures and further 17 received antihypertensives. The ascending aorta was aneurysmal in 28 and the distal arch in five. The presence of a bicuspid aortic valve was significantly associated with @entity338 and ascending @entity2333 . Fifty-eight of 121 @entity1 had minimal aortic arch diameters between 46% and 79% of the diaphragmatic aortic diameter, indicating moderate/mild recoarctation. This was associated with elevated blood pressures and use of antihypertensive medication, but not with @entity101 in unmedicated @entity1 or with echocardiographic or exercise parameters. Only five @entity1 had normal study findings, were normotensive, and without reinterventions after coarctation repair. CONCLUSIONS: Cure by repair of @entity1498 is rare; @entity299 , aortopathy, and @entity101 are common. Morbidity is only weakly associated with mild/moderate recoarctation.

title: High long-term morbidity in repaired XXXX : weak association with residual arch obstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic ectasia']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and valvular function']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['aortic coarctation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the possibility of multifocal or aspherical treatment of the @entity267 with optical ray tracing. SETTING: Institute for Refractive and Ophthalmic Surgery, Zurich, Switzerland. METHODS: The optical consequences of 4 corneal shapes-global optimum (GO) for curvature and asphericity, central steep island (CSI), decentered steep island (DSI), and centered steep annulus (CSA)-for @entity10818 correction were analyzed using a modified Liou-Brennan eye model and ray tracing with a commercial optic design software (Zemax, Zemax Development Corp.). The ocular optical configuration for far vision was a point light source at a distance of 5 m, 1 degree up, and a pupil diameter of 5.0 mm and for near vision, 0.4 m distance, 1 degree up, and a pupil diameter of 2.5 mm. The curvature radius (R) of the @entity267 and its asphericity (Q) were used as operands to optimize (simultaneously for near and far vision) the quality of the retinal image described by means of the minimum spot diameter or the root-mean-square (RMS) wavefront error. RESULTS: Starting from an emmetropic eye optimized for R and Q, the RMS wavefront error in the retina was 0.07 microm (far) and 1.42 microm (near). The GO resulted in a wavefront error of 1.42 microm (far) and 0.52 microm (near); improvement of near vision using reading glasses is possible. The CSI yielded 0.91 microm (far) and 0.13 microm (near); spectacles did not improve far or near vision. The DSI and CSA had significantly worse results for near and far vision. CONCLUSIONS: Of the options studied, GO and CSI seemed the most promising alternatives for corneal @entity10818 correction. Although reading glasses can @entity227 in GO, reading glasses did not @entity227 in CSI-treated eyes. The CSI treatment is critically dependent on centration and a reverse treatment is difficult to achieve.

title: Four corneal XXXX corrections: simulations of optical consequences on retinal image quality.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['improve near vision']

entities_list: @entity10818 :: ('MESH:D011305', 'Disease') :: ['presbyopia']

answer: @entity10818 :: (MESH:D011305,Disease) :: ['presbyopia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity390 and @entity391 are among the most feared complications of chemotherapy reported by @entity1 . The objective of this study was to establish the overall complete response (CR; no emesis or use of rescue medication 0-120 h after chemotherapy) with either @entity3974 - or @entity7274 -containing antiemetic regimens in @entity1 receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC). METHODS: This was a prospective, open-label, randomized, single-center, pilot study that enrolled @entity1 receiving their first cycle of HEC. @entity1 were randomized to receive either @entity7274 0.25 mg IV (PAD) or @entity3974 24 mg orally (OAD) on day 1 prior to HEC. All @entity1 received oral aprepitant 125 mg on day 1, then 80 mg on days 2 and 3, and oral @entity619 12 mg on day 1, then 8 mg on days 2, 3, and 4. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. RESULTS: A total of 40 @entity1 were enrolled, 20 in each arm. All @entity1 were female, and 39 received @entity632 / @entity786 chemotherapy for @entity0 . For the primary endpoint, 65 % (95 % CI, 40.8-84.6 %) of @entity1 in the PAD arm and 40 % (95 % CI, 19.1-63.9 %) of @entity1 in the OAD arm achieved an overall CR. CONCLUSIONS: While CR rates for aprepitant and @entity619 plus @entity7274 or @entity3974 -containing regimens have been published previously, this is the first documentation of CR rates with these regimens in the same @entity1 population. These results may be used to design a larger, adequately powered, prospective study comparing these regimens.

title: Pilot study on the efficacy of an @entity3974 - versus XXXX -containing antiemetic regimen prior to highly emetogenic chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity7274 :: ('MESH:C083418', 'Chemical') :: ['palonosetron']

answer: @entity7274 :: (MESH:C083418,Chemical) :: ['palonosetron']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the importance of early cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-guided diagnosis and early high-dose corticosteroid therapy on the complications and visual prognosis of @entity7375 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Charts from @entity1 with @entity7375 who had been seen at Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital and Miyata Eye Hospital between 1994 and 2002 were retrospectively reviewed. The @entity1 were classified into two groups. The first group (group A) consisted of @entity1 who had received a full work-up including CSF examination and corticosteroid pulse therapy at the acute ophthalmic stage of disease. The second group (group B) consisted of @entity1 who were referred to us by local ophthalmologists long after the disease onset, had not had a CSF examination and had been treated with low-dose systemic @entity288 or topical corticosteroid therapy. The ocular complications, systemic complications and visual prognosis were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 were included in group A and ten @entity1 in group B. The initial diagnosis at the acute ophthalmic stage had been @entity7375 in all @entity1 of group A, while, in group B, the diagnosis was idiopathic @entity1596 in six @entity1 (60%) initially. Frequency of recurrent @entity1596 and integumentary symptoms were significantly lower in group A. Intensity of sunset glow fundus was significantly more severe in group B. All eyes in group A obtained a final visual acuity of 0.8 or better, whereas 11 eyes (55%) in group B were below this level. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that early diagnosis, helped by CSF examination and early high-dose corticosteroid therapy, decreased the complication rate and improved the visual prognosis.

title: Influence of early cerebrospinal fluid-guided diagnosis and early high-dose corticosteroid therapy on ocular outcomes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity7375 :: ('MESH:D014607', 'Disease') :: ['VKH disease', 'Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease']

answer: @entity7375 :: (MESH:D014607,Disease) :: ['Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease']


abstract: @entity250 is highly prevalent in the general population and associated with @entity458 and @entity458 . Psychological interventions are promising treatment options, as @entity250 is frequently caused by and deteriorates because of psychological factors. However, research into the efficacy of psychological interventions is rather scarce and an up-to-date review of outcome studies is currently lacking. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all available studies from 1980 to 2009 to examine the efficacy of psychological interventions for @entity1 with @entity250 . A total of 20 randomized controlled studies comparing a psychological intervention with a wait-list were included in the meta-analysis. The overall post-treatment effect size for symptom severity was d = 0.58 (95% CI: 0.40 to 0.77) and for sexual satisfaction d = 0.47 (95% CI: 0.27 to 0.70). Psychological interventions were shown to especially improve symptom severity for @entity1 with @entity458 and @entity458 . Our systematic review of 14 studies comparing at least two active interventions head-to-head revealed that very few comparative studies are available with large variability in effect sizes across studies (d between -0.69 and 2.29 for symptom severity and -0.56 and 14.02 for sexual satisfaction). In conclusion, psychological interventions are effective treatment options for @entity250 . However, evidence varies considerably across single disorders. Good evidence exists to date for female @entity458 and @entity458 . Further research is needed on psychological interventions for other @entity250 , their long-term and comparative effects.

title: Efficacy of psychological interventions for XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder', 'orgasmic disorder', 'psychological distress', 'hypoactive sexual desire disorder', 'impaired sexual satisfaction', 'female orgasmic disorder']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction', 'sexual dysfunctions', 'Sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['sexual dysfunction']


abstract: 1. Fifty-two normotensive and essential @entity101 subjects were studied. Intracellular free @entity460 concentration [( @entity141 ]i) was measured in lymphocytes (37 subjects) and platelets (18 subjects) by means of the fluorescent indicators, @entity6028 and @entity593 . In 31 subjects, plasma ionized @entity460 concentration was also measured. 2. There was a positive correlation between platelet [ @entity141 ]i and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.485, P less than 0.05), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.542, P less than 0.02) and mean blood pressure (r = 0.534, P less than 0.02). 3. No statistically significant relationship was observed between plasma ionized @entity460 and blood pressure. 4. No relationship was found between lymphocyte [ @entity141 ]i and blood pressure, or between lymphocyte [ @entity141 ]i and plasma ionized @entity460 . 5. There was no relationship between [ @entity141 ]i of lymphocytes and platelets measured simultaneously from the same subject. 6. These findings reconcile previous conflicting reports and show a relationship between platelet but not lymphocyte [ @entity141 ]i and blood pressure in @entity1 .

title: Correlation of blood pressure in normotensive and @entity101 individuals with platelet but not lymphocyte intracellular free XXXX concentrations.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Articular cartilage defects are considered a major health problem because articular cartilage has a limited capacity for self-regeneration (1). Untreated cartilage lesions lead to ongoing @entity158 , negatively affect the quality of life and predispose for @entity571 . During the last decades, several surgical techniques have been developed to treat such lesions. However, until now it was not possible to achieve a full repair in terms of covering the defect with @entity1844 or of providing satisfactory long-term recovery (2-4). Therefore, articular @entity1844 remain a prime target for regenerative techniques such as Tissue Engineering. In contrast to other surgical techniques, which often lead to the formation of fibrous or fibrocartilaginous tissue, Tissue Engineering aims at fully restoring the complex structure and properties of the original articular cartilage by using the chondrogenic potential of transplanted cells. Recent developments opened up promising possibilities for regenerative cartilage therapies. The first cell based approach for the treatment of full-thickness @entity1844 was performed in 1994 by Lars Peterson and Mats Brittberg who pioneered clinical autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) (5). Today, the technique is clinically well-established for the treatment of large hyaline cartilage defects of the knee, maintaining good clinical results even 10 to 20 years after implantation (6). In recent years, the implantation of autologous chondrocytes underwent a rapid progression. The use of an artificial three-dimensional collagen-matrix on which cells are subsequently replanted became more and more popular (7-9). MACT comprises of two surgical procedures: First, in order to collect chondrocytes, a cartilage biopsy needs to be performed from a non weight-bearing cartilage area of the knee joint. Then, chondrocytes are being extracted, purified and expanded to a sufficient cell number in vitro. Chondrocytes are then seeded onto a three-dimensional matrix and can subsequently be re-implanted. When preparing a tissue-engineered implant, proliferation rate and differentiation capacity are crucial for a successful tissue regeneration (10). The use of a three-dimensional matrix as a cell carrier is thought to support these cellular characteristics (11). The following protocol will summarize and demonstrate a technique for the isolation of chondrocytes from cartilage biopsies, their proliferation in vitro and their seeding onto a 3D-matrix (Chondro-Gide, Geistlich Biomaterials, Wollhusen, Switzerland). Finally, the implantation of the cell-matrix-constructs into artificially created @entity154 of a @entity95 's knee joint will be described. This technique can be used as an experimental setting for further experiments of cartilage repair.

title: Matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte transplantation for remodeling and repair of @entity154 in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['chondral defects']

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage or osteochondral lesions', 'hyaline articular cartilage', 'cartilage injuries']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE Energy intake, energy density, and nutrient intakes are implicated in @entity164 2 @entity6 risk in adults, but little is known about their influence on @entity2175 in childhood. We examined these associations in a multiethnic population of @entity1 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 2,017 @entity1 predominantly of white European, South Asian, and black African-Caribbean origin aged 9-10 years who had a detailed 24-h dietary recall and measurements of body composition and provided a fasting blood sample for measurements of plasma @entity413 , HbA1c, and serum @entity2690 ; homeostasis model assessment of @entity2690 resistance was also derived. RESULTS Energy intake was positively associated with @entity2690 resistance. After the removal of 176 @entity1 with implausible energy intakes (unlikely to be representative of habitual intake), energy intake was more strongly associated with @entity2690 resistance and was also associated with @entity413 and fat mass index. Energy density was also positively associated with @entity2690 resistance and fat mass index. However, in mutually adjusted analyses, the associations for energy intake remained while those for energy density became nonsignificant. Individual nutrient intakes showed no associations with @entity164 2 @entity6 risk markers. CONCLUSIONS Higher total energy intake was strongly associated with high levels of @entity2690 resistance and may help to explain @entity2175 in childhood. Studies are needed to establish whether reducing energy intake produces sustained favorable changes in @entity2690 resistance and circulating @entity413 levels.

title: Dietary energy intake is associated with XXXX 2 @entity6 risk markers in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['emerging type 2 diabetes risk']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of laparoscopic surgical treatment for @entity1 with chronic @entity2371 . DESIGN: Prospective evaluation of @entity1 treated consecutively between January 1, 1989, and December 31, 1992. SETTING: A private practice. @entity1 : One hundred @entity1 with chronic @entity2371 . INTERVENTIONS: Laparoscopic treatment was performed in all @entity1 . @entity158 level was rated on a scale of 1 to 10 (1 = no @entity158 , 10 = severe, disabling @entity158 ). @entity1 recorded their @entity158 levels before and 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery, as well as at intervals of 1, 2, and 3 years after surgery. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Preoperatively, the average @entity158 level reported by the @entity1 was 8.2. At 1 month after laparoscopic surgical therapy, it had dropped to 3.6, at 6 months to 1.9, and at 3 years to 2.2. Twenty @entity1 reported @entity158 levels of 5 or greater at the 6-month interval. Six of them proceeded to hysterectomy, and four of these six were found to have @entity1870 . Eleven of the 100 who had @entity158 levels greater than 5 after initial procedure had no further therapy, and 3 underwent repeat laparoscopy. CONCLUSION: Extensive laparoscopic surgery to restore normal pelvic anatomy and remove all diseased tissue, including treatment of all @entity46 , resection of @entity42 , resection of adhesions, removal of the appendix, and treatment of @entity547 when indicated, together with laparoscopic uterosacral nerve vaporization or presacral neurectomy, results in significant improvement in reported @entity158 levels.

title: Laparoscopic treatment of chronic XXXX in 100 adult @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1870 :: ('MESH:D062788', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyosis']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cysts']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity2371 :: (MESH:D017699,Disease) :: ['pelvic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The regulatory T cell (Treg) is essential for prevention of @entity792 . In a preliminary study, we showed significant @entity942 (CD4CD25 T cells) in @entity6331 ( @entity6331 ) @entity1 (an @entity792 ), but the markers used could not reliably differentiate Treg from nonregulatory conventional T cells (Tcon). The study aim was to reassess the level of circulatory Tregs by using more specific markers. METHODS: 70 adults of @entity6331 and 35 controls were studied. @entity1 were subdivided according to the extent of left-sided valvular involvement. 35 @entity1 with significant @entity339 only were enrolled in the univalvular group while 35 patents with significant involvement of both mitral and aortic-valves in the multivalvular group. Circulating Treg cell level was determined by flow-cytometry. RESULTS: Level of Tregs ( @entity404 +CD25(med-high)CD127(low) @entity403 (high)) in @entity404 + T lymphocyte was significantly lower in @entity6331 @entity1 compared to controls (median 0.6% versus 3.2%; p=0.001) with no significant difference in Tcon cells (p=0.94). Within the study group Treg count was significantly lower in @entity1 with multivalvular-disease only (median 0.1% versus 3.2%; p=0.001) with no significant difference in Treg cell count between the univalvular group and control (median 1.9% versus 3.2%, p=0.10). CONCLUSION: There is significant @entity12464 Tregs in @entity1 of chronic @entity6331 is greater in @entity1 with multivalvular than univalvular involvement.

title: Circulating level of regulatory T cells in XXXX : An observational study.

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['RHD and the deficiency', 'RHD', 'rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral-valve disease']

entities_list: @entity12464 :: ('MESH:D009360', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of circulating']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of Tregs']

answer: @entity6331 :: (MESH:D012214,Disease) :: ['rheumatic heart disease']


abstract: @entity6843 , a topoisomerase II (topo II) inhibitor which, in contrast to @entity2879 , does not stabilize topo II-DNA cleavable complexes, was previously shown to be a potent clastogen in vitro and in vivo. To investigate the possible mechanisms, we compared the cell cycle-specificity of the clastogenic effects of @entity6843 and @entity2879 in V79 cells. Using flow cytometry and @entity1603 labeling techniques, @entity2879 was shown to cause a rapid and persistent G2 delay while @entity6843 was shown to cause a prolonged S-phase followed by a G2 delay. To identify the stages which are susceptible to DNA damage, we performed the @entity4523 ( @entity4523 ) assay with synchronized cells or utilized a combination of @entity1603 pulse labeling and the cytokinesis-blocked @entity4523 assay with non-synchronized cells. Treatment of M phase cells with either agent did not result in increased @entity4523 formation. @entity2879 but not @entity6843 caused a significant increase in @entity4523 when cells were treated during G2 phase. When treated during S-phase, both chemicals induced highly significant increases in @entity4523 . However, the relative proportion of @entity4523 induced by @entity6843 was substantially higher than that induced by @entity2879 . Both chemicals also caused significant increases in @entity4523 in cells that were treated during G1 phase. To confirm the observations in the @entity4523 assay, first division metaphases were evaluated in the chromosome aberration assay. The chromosomes of cells treated with @entity6843 and @entity2879 showed increased frequencies of both chromatid- and chromosome-type of aberrations. Our findings indicate that while @entity2879 causes DNA damage more evenly throughout the G1, S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, an outcome which may be closely associated with topo II-mediated DNA strand cleavage, @entity6843 induces DNA breakage primarily during S-phase, an effect which is likely due to the stalling of replication forks by inhibition of topo II activity.

title: Differential cell cycle-specificity for chromosomal damage induced by @entity6843 and XXXX in V79 cells.

entities_list: @entity4523 :: ('MESH:D048629', 'Disease') :: ['MN', 'micronucleus']

entities_list: @entity6843 :: ('MESH:C045459', 'Chemical') :: ['merbarone', 'Merbarone']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide', 'Etoposide']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) associated with Xp11.2 translocation/ @entity19409 gene fusion (Xp11.2 @entity1358 ) is a rare subtype of @entity1358 which is firstly described as a distinct entity in 2004 so that clinical characteristics of Xp11.2 @entity1358 in different gender and age are unknown. The purpose of systematic review and meta-analysis is to provide a comprehensive assessment on them. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched for studies which evaluate the clinical characteristics of Xp11.2 @entity1358 . The literature published between July 2004 and May 2014 was searched. RESULTS: A total of 15 studies with 147 @entity1 were included. The meta-analysis demonstrated that number of @entity1 of all age in female was higher than in male with pooled OR of 3.93(95  % CI   =   1.66-9.34). However, incidence of distant metastases (OR   =   0.34, 95  % CI   =   0.12-1.57) and lymphatic metastases (OR   =   0.51, 95  % CI   =   0.14-1.91), @entity5 stage (OR   =   0.85, 95  % CI   =   0.34-2.15) and overall survival (OS) (OR   =   0.46, 95  % CI   =   0.05-4.34) between male and female were comparable. Incidence in female was higher than in male with pooled OR of 5.13(95  % CI   =   1.67-15.72) in adults, while in @entity1 no gender-related predominance (OR   =   1.19, 95  % CI   =   0.38-3.72) was observed. In addition, incidence of distant metastases (OR   =   1.00, 95  % CI   =   0.13-7.84) and lymphatic metastases (OR   =   1.00, 95  % CI   =   0.07-13.67) and @entity5 stage (OR   =   1.94, 95  % CI   =   0.20-19.03) between @entity1 and adults were comparable. Survival curves presented comparable outcomes between male and female (P   =   0.707) as well as between @entity1 and adults (P   =   0.383). CONCLUSIONS: Female @entity1 with Xp11.2 @entity1358 in adults exhibit a high incidence compared to male, but not in @entity1 . Comparable clinical characteristics including incidence of distant and lymphatic metastases, @entity5 stage and prognosis is presented between male and female as well as between @entity1 and adults.

title: Clinical characteristics of XP11.2 translocation/ XXXX gene fusion @entity1358 : a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

answer: @entity19409 :: (7030,Gene) :: ['TFE3']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Using the intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) model, diffusion-related coefficient (D) and perfusion-related parameter (f) can be measured. Here, we used IVIM imaging to characterize @entity957 of @entity135 ( @entity213 ) and evaluated its application in follow-up after nonsurgical organ preserving therapy. METHODS: Twenty-two @entity1 with locally advanced @entity213 (clinical stage III to IVb) were examined before treatment using eight different b values (b   =   0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 700, 800  s/mm(2)). All @entity1 were followed for at least 7.5  months after conclusion of therapy. In 16 of these @entity1 , follow-up MRI was available. Using the IVIM approach, f and D were extracted using a bi-exponential fit. For comparison, ADC maps were calculated. RESULTS: The initial values of f before therapy were located between 5.9  % and 12.9  % (mean: 9.4        2.4  %) except for two outliers (f   =   17.9  % and 18.2  %). These two @entity1 exclusively displayed poor initial treatment response. Overall, high initial f (13.1        4.1  % vs. 9.1        2.4  %) and ADC (1.17        0.08       10(-3)   mm(2)/s vs. 0.98        0.19       10(-3)   mm(2)/s) were associated with poor short term outcome (n   =   6) after 7.5  months follow-up. D values before treatment were 0.98       10(-3)        0.18  mm(2)/s and ADC values were 1.03       10(-3)        0.18  mm(2)/s. At follow-up, in all primary responders, D (69        52  %), f (65        46  %), and ADC (68        49%) increased. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary evaluation indicates that an initial high f may predict poor prognosis in @entity213 . In responders, a significant increase of all IVIM parameters after therapy was demonstrated.

title: Characterization and therapy monitoring of XXXX using diffusion-imaging-based intravoxel incoherent motion parameters-preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck carcinomas']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative importance of @entity1386 and fat distribution to cardiovascular risk profile. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: Clinical research center funded by the National Institutes of Health. @entity1 : Convenience sample of 33 healthy premenopausal @entity1 with a wide range of body weight who did not have @entity6 , @entity3427 and virilism, @entity13374 , @entity299 , or @entity101 . @entity1 participating in exercise or dietary programs or taking medication were excluded. All subjects completed the study. INTERVENTIONS: Total body fat mass was determined by hydrostatic weighting, and fat distribution was assessed by subscapular skinfold thickness, subscapular-to-triceps skinfold ratio, the waist-to-hip ratio, and computed tomography. Cardiovascular risk was assessed by the serum insulin response during oral @entity413 stimulation; levels of @entity1674 and total @entity165 ; high-density lipoprotein @entity165 to total @entity165 concentrations; and @entity551 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The anthropometric parameters chosen were significantly associated with the cardiovascular risk profile (P less than 0.001). Visceral fat distribution assessed by computed tomography accounted for a significantly greater degree of variance in the cardiovascular risk factors than the total body fat mass (P less than 0.05). The cumulative insulin response was the primary metabolic variable relating the anthropometric indices to cardiovascular risk. CONCLUSIONS: Intra-abdominal fat deposition constitutes a greater cardiovascular risk than @entity28 alone. @entity3190 may constitute an important component of the increased cardiovascular risk of @entity1144 .

title: XXXX , fat distribution, and cardiovascular risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity13374 :: ('MESH:D005831', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic disorder']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['systolic and diastolic blood pressures']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['hirsutism']

answer: @entity1386 :: (MESH:D018205,Disease) :: ['Adiposity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The etiology of @entity5815 ( @entity5815 ) remains unknown. Personality traits influence well-being and may play a role in @entity5815 and unexplained chronic @entity1295 . PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the association of @entity1344 and extraversion with chronic @entity1295 and @entity5815 in a genetically informative sample. METHODS: We evaluated 245 twin pairs for two definitions of chronic @entity1295 . They completed the Neuroticism and Extraversion subscales of the NEO Five Factor Inventory. Using a co-twin control design, we examined the association between personality and chronic @entity1295 . RESULTS: Higher @entity1344 was associated with both definitions of chronic @entity1295 and was confounded by shared genetics. Lower extraversion was also associated with both @entity1295 , but was not confounded by familial factors. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity1344 and extraversion are related to chronic @entity1295 and @entity5815 . Whereas @entity1344 and chronic @entity1295 are linked by shared genetic mechanisms, the relationship with extraversion may be causal and bidirectional.

title: XXXX : a twin study of causal pathways and shared liabilities.

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['definitions of fatigue', 'fatigue']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome', 'CFS']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['emotional instability']

answer: @entity5815 :: (MESH:D015673,Disease) :: ['Chronic fatigue and personality']


abstract: Current registries provide information only on the number of @entity6 @entity1 with @entity454 , more detailed information on the incidence of @entity2316 with @entity177 is currently not available. The Nephrology Service of Hospital Infanta Cristina in Badajoz serves a population of approximately 650,000. In the time span between 1.1.90 and 31.12.94 the outpatient clinic and the renal ward had 1,717 admissions for evaluation of @entity8 , 166 due to @entity2316 (9.7% of total. Twelve (7.2%) were type I @entity6 (mean age, 29.9 +/- 6.2 years), and 154 were type II @entity6 (mean age 63.4 +/- 9.8 years). The annual incidence increased from 41.5/mio in 1990 to 61.5/mio in 1994. In parallel, 286 @entity1 were admitted for renal replacement therapy, i.e. 88/mio/year. Of this group 60 @entity1 had @entity6 : type I, 8 @entity1 (13.3%, mean age 3.7 +/- 6.4); type II, 52 @entity1 (86.7%, mean age 66.0 +/- 6.6 years). This corresponds to an admission rate for dialysis of 18.5/mio/year (19.6% of all @entity1 ), with a increasing incidence rate from 13.8/mio in 1990 to 23.1/mio in 1994. This incidence of @entity2316 is more than two-fold greater than the previously reported incidence by the @entity1098 registry for Spain, it is six-fold greater that the figure recorded for our region. Although the rates of incidence and prevalence of @entity177 due to @entity2316 founded in this study seems still to be lower than those of other developed european countries, it is detected a trend toward an increase of these figures in the latter years.

title: [Incidence of XXXX in the province of Badajoz along the period from 1990 to 1994].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal illness']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['incipient renal failure', 'renal failure']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: The present study aimed to develop Dot-ELISA, complement fixation test (CFT) and capillary tube agglutination test (CAT) for serodiagnosis of @entity281 and to compare their sensitivity with each other. For this study, sequential serum samples were collected from four @entity15382 experimentally infected with B. equi up to 90 days post infection (P.I.). B. equi antigen was prepared from the blood of a @entity15382 showing more than 80% parasitaemia. Dot-ELISA, @entity1577 and CA tests were standardized as per the standard method. While performing CFT, it was observed that CFT standardized for the @entity15382 system could not be applied to the @entity1641 system, and different units of the same antigen and complement were required for each. Dot-ELISA detected antibodies from 3-6 days P.I. onwards, whereas @entity1577 and CA tests could detect antibodies from the 6th day P.I. indicating that Dot-ELISA is the more sensitive. The efficacy of these three tests was also determined by testing 211 field serum samples of apparently healthy @entity1641 . By Dot-ELISA 49.76%, by CAT 42.18% and by CFT 27.86% of the serum samples were found positive. As the results of Dot-ELISA and CAT are comparable, it is proposed that CAT may be used as a screening test.

title: Serodiagnosis of XXXX --a comparison of Dot-ELISA, complement fixation test and capillary tube agglutination test.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Babesia equi infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Babesia equi infection']


abstract: PURPOSE: Low-dose @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) increases the risk of @entity344 . Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reduce these upper GI side effects, yet @entity1 compliance to PPIs is low. We determined the cost-effectiveness of gastroprotective strategies in low-dose @entity1281 users considering @entity1281 and PPI compliance. METHODS: Using a Markov model we compared four strategies: no medication, @entity1281 monotherapy, @entity1281 +PPI co-therapy and a fixed combination of @entity1281 and PPI for primary and secondary prevention of @entity1187 . The risk of @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ), @entity360 and @entity2210 was modeled as a function of compliance and the relative risk of developing these events while using medication. Costs, quality adjusted life years and number of @entity1187 events were evaluated, applying a variable risk of @entity360 . Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS: For our base case @entity1 using @entity1281 for primary prevention of @entity1187 no medication was superior to @entity1281 monotherapy. PPI co-therapy was cost-effective (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio [ICER]    10,314) compared to no medication. In secondary prevention, PPI co-therapy was cost-effective (ICER    563) while the fixed combination yielded an ICER <    20,000 only in a population with elevated risk for @entity360 or moderate PPI compliance. PPI co-therapy had the highest probability to be cost-effective in all scenarios. PPI use lowered the overall number of @entity1187 . CONCLUSIONS: Considering compliance, PPI co-therapy is likely to be cost-effective in @entity1 taking low dose @entity1281 for primary and secondary prevention of @entity1187 , given low PPI prices. In secondary prevention, a fixed combination seems cost-effective in @entity1 with elevated risk for @entity360 or in those with moderate PPI compliance. Both strategies reduced the number of @entity1187 compared to @entity1281 monotherapy.

title: Gastroprotection in low-dose XXXX users for primary and secondary prevention of @entity1187 : results of a cost-effectiveness analysis including compliance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal (GI) complications']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper GI bleeding']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To understand the mechanisms of @entity409 or @entity157 apoptosis, it is important to estimate the turning point of the signal transduction by growth factor receptor. Since @entity43037 or CPD 5 has been shown to mediate the phosphorylation of @entity470 in Hep3B @entity157 cells, the differences between EGF and CPD 5-mediated signal transduction were studied. METHODS: DNA content was measured by Hoechst fluorescent assay. Phosphorylated proteins were described with Western blots or two-dimensional electrophoresis. RESULTS: CPD 5-induced @entity470 phosphorylation was functional to stimulate Ras pathway. However, CPD 5-mediated @entity3963 ( @entity3963 ) phosphorylation was not antagonized by inhibition of upstream activation with @entity43038 . CPD 5 inhibited @entity3963 dephosphorylation in cell lysate, suggesting that @entity3963 phosphorylation by CPD 5 was depending on kinase activity and phosphatase inhibition. Two-dimensional electrophoresis showed extra phospho @entity3963 spot, which was indicated to have close association with CPD 5-induced growth inhibition, since @entity5732 antagonized growth inhibition and appearance of this spot. CONCLUSIONS: The turning point of @entity470 pathway was proved to have close association with the expressed level of phosphorylated @entity3963 . @entity3963 phosphorylation was suggested to play a critical role in growth factor-induced signal transduction.

title: Mechanism of novel vitamin K analog induced growth inhibition in human XXXX cell line.

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver regeneration']

entities_list: @entity3963 :: ('5594', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase', 'ERK']

entities_list: @entity43037 :: ('MESH:C420442', 'Chemical') :: ['2-(2-hydroxyethylsulfaryl) 3-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Pfannenstiel incision is commonly used for gynecologic surgery. It is not known if this incision is associated with less @entity282 compared to a vertical midline incision. Therefore, as part of a study to evaluate the postoperative analgesic effects and dose response of intravenous @entity859 in @entity1 undergoing open abdominal gynecologic surgery, this manuscript compares @entity282 and analgesic consumption in @entity1 who had a midline vertical incision or a Pfannenstiel incision. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of data from a primary study investigating the dose response of IV @entity859 for @entity86 . @entity1 scheduled for elective major gynecologic surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive one of four doses of intraoperative @entity859 infusion (25, 50, 100, or 200 microg/kg/min) or matching placebo (normal saline). The anesthetic technique was standardized and adjusted based on hemodynamic and depth of anesthesia (bispectral index) values. Postoperative analgesia was provided with a standardized morphine @entity1 controlled analgesia protocol which included rescue @entity6058 , as needed. Comparative outcome analysis of the midline and Pfannenstiel skin incisions with regards to analgesic consumption and @entity158 scores was performed and presented in this manuscript. RESULTS: A total of 165 @entity1 were identified; 105 @entity1 had a Pfannenstiel incision and 60 had the lower midline abdominal incision. There were no differences between the midline and Pfannenstiel groups with respect to intraoperative @entity3575 , @entity282 scores [worst @entity158 scores 0-24 h (mean +/- SD) 8.2 +/- 2.1 vs. 8.2 +/- 1.9), p = 0.352], cumulative opioid consumption [0-24 h morphine equivalents (mean +/- SD) 63 +/- 27 vs. 72 +/- 43 mg, p = 0.496], or need for rescue @entity6058 . While the duration of surgery was longer in @entity1 who had a vertical incision (p = 0.02), there was no difference between the groups in the duration of postanesthesia care unit (44 +/- 53 vs. 30 +/- 45 min, p = 0.093) or hospital stays (74 +/- 27 vs. 67 +/- 20 h, p = 0.254). CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference in @entity282 and opioid consumption in @entity1 undergoing major abdominal gynecologic surgery performed with either a midline or Pfannenstiel incision. However, it is important to note that since this a secondary analysis of data from a primary study investigating the dose response of IV @entity859 , the @entity1 were not prospectively randomized into the two incision types.

title: Comparison of XXXX outcomes after vertical or Pfannenstiel incision for major gynecologic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative analgesia']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: Any alteration in the balance of bacterial challenge versus the host's ability to resist and repair will result in oral lesions that are similar in appearance. The bacterial cause of @entity2522 and @entity2521 in @entity1 and in all other animals in which it has been studied is firmly established, and specific species of predominantly gram-negative anaerobes have been implicated. Naturally occurring or acquired immunopathologies are likely to result in @entity7291 . When @entity66 is associated with the accumulation of plaque, a positive response can be achieved by reducing the bacterial challenge to the host through the maintenance of oral hygiene by timely professional dental prophylaxis and home care. Disease that is the result of atypical immune responses, however, can be much more difficult to manage. Such @entity66 can occur with either @entity3230 or exaggerated immune responses, and it is likely that multiple mechanisms are active concurrently. In any case, gram-negative anaerobes present in plaque are likely to be a major contributing factor. Therefore @entity1 with chronic @entity3136 must be considered to be plaque intolerant. Only with a frequent regimen of aggressive and thorough professional dental treatment plus meticulous oral home care on a daily basis can one expect to keep these cases in remission. Because this is often unrealistic, the only other way to keep these @entity1 free of disease is by total dental extraction. The tissues that are colonized by the causative organisms must be eliminated. All root tips and bony sequestra must be removed and healing with intact epithelium accomplished before these cases will go into remission. Edentulous feline @entity1 that continue to have signs of @entity10701 have been found to have an area of nonhealed bony sequestrum and chronic @entity4034 . Once effective debridement has been accomplished and epithelial healing completed, nonresponsive cases can be expected to go into remission (Color Plate 2, Figure 7). It is hoped that as more is learned about this frustrating problem, the many factors influencing feline @entity66 will be scientifically documented. In the future, actual diagnoses can be systematically made early on in disease, and treatment will be more than just symptomatic.

title: @entity2522 / XXXX in cats.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['refractory gingivitis-stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['oral disease']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity10701 :: ('MESH:D013283', 'Disease') :: ['gingivostomatitis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3230 :: ('MESH:C565469', 'Disease') :: ['immune deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity7291 :: ('MESH:D009057', 'Disease') :: ['premature dental disease']

answer: @entity3136 :: (MESH:D013280,Disease) :: ['stomatitis']


abstract: The entomopoxviruses (insect poxviruses) of eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana), two year cycle spruce budworm (C. biennis) and the Indian red army worm (Amsacta moorei) are being studied in our laboratory for their potential as biological insecticides and expression vectors. These viruses characteristically replicate in the cytoplasm of insect cells and produce occlusion bodies that serve to protect the virion from the environment. By analogy to @entity1 poxviruses, they should also contain a viral @entity1014 kinase (TK) that functions in viral DNA synthesis. The replication of the A. moorei entomopoxvirus was inhibited by @entity1603 whereas the baculovirus of Autographa californica was insensitive to this drug. This result was a biochemical indication that entomopoxviruses contained a kinase that phosphorylated this @entity2353 analogue and thus viral DNA synthesis was inhibited. TK genes from the three different insect poxviruses were identified, cloned and sequenced. The sequences of the TK genes of the entomopoxviruses were closely related and exhibited 63.2% identity and 9.9% similarity at the protein level. However, there was only 36.7% identity and 13.6% similarity when these enzymes were compared to their @entity1 poxvirus counterpart in @entity6621 . Finally, one entomopoxvirus TK gene was expressed in @entity526 mutants lacking the enzyme. These bacteria were converted to a phenotype that could incorporate radioactive @entity1014 into their chromosomal DNA. The results presented in this paper provide impetus for the design of a recombinant entomopoxvirus expression system in which foreign genes could be introduced into the viral TK locus under selective pressure from @entity1603 .

title: Comparison of the XXXX kinase genes from three entomopoxviruses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity6621 :: ('10245', 'Species') :: ['vaccinia virus']

answer: @entity1014 :: (MESH:D013936,Chemical) :: ['thymidine']


abstract: A total of 1,490 newly diagnosed @entity1 admitted to a national sampling survey of @entity378 conducted in 11 of 30 districts in Kenya in 1974 have been followed up after a year under the routine @entity378 treatment services. The results are reported and compared with those observed in the follow-up of a similar survey in the same districts 10 years previously. The main follow-up concerns 1,351 @entity1 with @entity1907 of whom 803 had a positive culture at the start of treatment, 283 a negative culture, and 265 had no specimen examined. At 1 year or later, 57% of the 1,351 @entity1 were culture negative, 8% were culture positive, 16% had died in the year of follow-up, 5% were permanently lost from observation and 14%, although known to be alive, had no bacteriological results. Of the 803 @entity1 with a positive culture initially, 11% had a positive culture at 1 year or later, as had 3% of the 283 with a negative culture initially. The policies of therapy practised in the routine treatment services were studied in 1,207 @entity1 ; 95% were admitted to hospital at the start of chemotherapy for an average duration of 39 days, 95% were prescribed isoniazid and @entity8299 supplemented initially by a course of @entity3639 , the average duration of which was 36 days. There was little variation in the policies applied in different district. Only 24% of the @entity1 received or attended to collect a 12 months' supply of chemotherapy and 72% a 6 months' supply. The therapeutic results achieved in 1974 compare favourably with those observed in the 1964 survey. The estimated culture negativity rate at 1 year or later for the @entity1 who had bacteriologically confirmed disease initially was 63% in the earlier survey and 71% in the 1974 survey. The proportion of @entity1 lost from observation was 9% in 1964 and 5% in 1974. The policies of therapy were much more standardised in the second survey. In 1964 hospital admission, its duration and the usage of @entity3639 varied considerably from district to district, but in the second survey nearly all of the @entity1 were admitted to hospital and received the nationally recommended regimen of @entity3109 and @entity8299 supplemented initially by @entity3639 . Even so, the duration of chemotherapy received did not improve, only 28% in 1964 and 24% in 1974 receiving a 12 months' and 74% in 1964 and 72% in 1974 receiving a 6 months' supply. The transfer of @entity1 from one district to another was more often successful in 1974 than 1964.

title: XXXX in Kenya: follow-up of the second (1974) national sampling survey and a comparison with the follow-up data from the first (1964) national sampling survey. An East African and British Medical Research Council co-operative investigation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8299 :: ('MESH:D013828', 'Chemical') :: ['thiacetazone']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Tuberculosis']


abstract: @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ) is a chronic and complex @entity146 with a lifetime prevalence of 2-3%. Recent work has shown that @entity3119 were not only characterized by a high rate of repetition but also by an increased behavioral repertoire due to additional non-functional unique acts. These two behavioral characteristics may provide an ethological basis for studying @entity146 in an animal model of @entity3119 . Here, @entity11640 induced behavior (so far only investigated in @entity35 ) has been studied in A/J and C57BL/6J @entity19 by using behavioral pattern analysis. The aim of this study is to investigate whether genetic background is mediating this behavior. Results showed that open field motor activity levels of saline treated C57BL/6J @entity19 was significantly higher compared to A/J treated saline @entity19 . Long-term @entity11640 treatment increased open field motor activity levels in A/J, but not in C57BL/6J. @entity11640 treatment induced a strain dependent difference in behavioral repertoire. There was a dose dependent increase in the number of different behavioral patterns in A/J, whereas, in C57BL/6J there was a dose dependent decrease. This data suggest that genetic background is important in expressing @entity11640 induced compulsive like behavior. Following @entity11640 treatment, A/J @entity19 express a greater behavioral repertoire with a high rate of repetition. This phenotype resembles that of @entity3119 in @entity1 and indicates that this strain is very interesting to further validate for studying neurobiological mechanisms of @entity146 .

title: Marked inbred @entity19 difference in the expression of XXXX induced compulsive like behavior based on behavioral pattern analysis.

entities_list: @entity11640 :: ('MESH:D019257', 'Chemical') :: ['quinpirole', 'Quinpirole']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['compulsive behavior', 'psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['Obsessive-compulsive disorder', 'OCD', 'OCD rituals']

answer: @entity11640 :: (MESH:D019257,Chemical) :: ['quinpirole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mutations in the gene encoding @entity12481 ( @entity12481 ) cause familial and sporadic @entity401 ( @entity401 ), which is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, effective therapeutic options are still lacking due to a very limited understanding of pathomechanisms. Knowledge of mutant @entity12481 proprotein ( @entity12482 -C) trafficking, processing, intracellular degradation and aggregation is a crucial prerequisite for the development of specific therapies to correct aberrant trafficking and processing of @entity12482 -C and to hinder accumulation of cytotoxic aggregates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To identify possible @entity1021 points for therapeutic intervention, we stably transfected A549 alveolar epithelial cells with several @entity12482 -C mutations previously found in @entity1 suffering from @entity401 . Effects of mutant @entity12482 -C were assessed by Western blotting, immunofluorescence and Congo red staining. RESULTS: A group of mutations ( @entity34348 , @entity43435 , @entity35027 and @entity43436 ) resulted in aberrant @entity12482 -C products, which were at least partially trafficked to lamellar bodies. Another group of mutations ( @entity43437 and @entity43438 ) was arrested in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Except for @entity34348 , all mutations led to accumulation of intracellular Congo red-positive aggregates. Enhanced ER stress was detectable in none of these stably transfected cells. CONCLUSIONS: Different @entity12481 mutations have unique consequences for alveolar epithelial cell biology. As these cannot be predicted based upon the localization of the mutation, our data emphasize the importance of studying individual mutations in detail in order to develop mutation-specific therapies.

title: XXXX mutations cause @entity12481 degradation and aggregate formation without increasing ER stress.

entities_list: @entity12481 :: ('6440', 'Gene') :: ['surfactant protein C', 'SP-C']

entities_list: @entity34348 :: ('p|SUB|I|73|T', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.I73T']

entities_list: @entity43437 :: ('p|SUB|P|30|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.P30L']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['ILD', 'interstitial lung disease']

answer: @entity12481 :: (6440,Gene) :: ['SFTPC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the pharmacological challenge with @entity1242 (NTG) follows the initial drug-free phase in current tilt testing protocols, the effects of @entity1242 alone and the appropriate duration of the basal phase are unknown. METHODS: To optimize the test, a randomized intra- @entity1 comparison of two protocols was undertaken: a conventional @entity1242 test (cHUT) consisting of passive upright posture at 60 degrees for 45 min followed, if negative, by sublingual NTG 0.4 mg spray, with the test continued for 20 min; and, accelerated @entity1242 test (aHUT) consisting of passive upright posture at 60 degrees for 5 min--to rule out @entity551 --followed by sublingual NTG 0.4 mg spray, with the test continued for 20 min. Eighty-four consecutive @entity1 (33 males; mean age 55+/-22) with unexplained @entity1163 underwent both cHUT and aHUT in a randomized sequence with a 24-72 h interval between them. Additionally, 25 age-matched control subjects underwent aHUT. RESULTS: In the drug-free phase, cHUT was positive in 15/84 @entity1 (18%) and aHUT in 1/84 @entity1 (1%). After NTG, cHUT and aHUT showed the same positivity rate of 33% (28/84 @entity1 ). The overall positivity rate was therefore higher with cHUT than with aHUT (51% vs 35%, P=0.04). Times to @entity1163 were 29+/-12 min, (range 2-44) for cHUT drug-free phase, 5+/-2 min (range 2-9) for cHUT NTG phase, and 5+/-2 min (range 2-9) for aHUT. Only one (4%) of the control subjects had a positive response to aHUT. CONCLUSIONS: The contribution of NTG to the diagnosis is independent of the presence of an unmedicated phase. The appropriate duration of the NTG phase is 10 min. aHUT has good specificity, but a positivity rate lower than cHUT; thus a drug-free phase is necessary to increase the sensitivity of the test.

title: Head-up tilt testing potentiated with oral @entity1242 : a randomized trial of the contribution of a drug-free phase and a @entity1242 phase in the diagnosis of neurally mediated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

answer: @entity1163 :: (MESH:D013575,Disease) :: ['syncope']


abstract: 1. Intracellular recordings were made from neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus ( @entity18296 ) in transverse slices of @entity35 medulla maintained in vitro at 30 degrees C. Neurons had a resting potential of -59.8 +/- 1.4 (SE) mV (n = 39) and input resistance of 293 +/- 23 @entity4780 (n = 44). 2. Depolarization elicited overshooting action potentials that were blocked by @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ; 1 microM). In the presence of @entity4524 , two types of action potentials having low and high thresholds could be elicited. The action potentials were blocked by @entity1953 (2 mM) indicating they were mediated by @entity460 currents. 3. Under voltage clamp, depolarization of the cell from membrane potentials negative of the resting potential activated a transient @entity972 current. This current was selectively blocked by @entity973 ( @entity974 ) (5 mM) and @entity6153 (5 mM) indicating that it is an A-type current. This current inactivated with a time constant of 420 ms and recovered from inactivation with a time constant of 26 ms. 4. When @entity460 currents were blocked by @entity3409 or @entity1953 , the rate of action potential repolarization was slower. In the presence of @entity5128 ( @entity1041 ; 200-400 microM) or charybdotoxin ( @entity3525 ; 30 nM) a small "hump" appeared on the repolarizing phase of the action potential that was abolished by addition of @entity3409 . These results indicate that a @entity460 -activated @entity972 current (IC) contributes to action potential repolarization. 5. Actions potentials elicited from hyperpolarized membrane potentials repolarized faster than those elicited from resting membrane potential. This effect could be blocked by @entity6153 , indicating that voltage-dependent @entity972 currents (IA) can also contribute to action-potential repolarization. In the presence of @entity6153 and @entity460 channel blockers, action potentials still had a significant early afterhyperpolarization suggesting that another @entity460 independent outward current is also active during repolarization. This fast afterhyperpolarizations (AHP) was not blocked by @entity1041 . 6. Action potentials were followed by prolonged AHPs, which had two phases. The initial part of the AHP was blocked by apamin (100 nM) indicating that it results from activation of SK type @entity460 -activated @entity972 channels. The slow phase was selectively blocked by @entity6153 suggesting that it is due to activation of IA. 7. It is concluded that a @entity4524 -sensitive @entity1372 current and two @entity460 currents contribute to the action potential in @entity35 @entity18296 neurons. At least three different currents contribute to action-potential repolarization: IC, IA, and a third unidentified @entity460 -insensitive outward current.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: XXXX currents contributing to action potential repolarization and the afterhyperpolarization in @entity35 vagal motoneurons.

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity6153 :: ('MESH:C034221', 'Chemical') :: ['catechol']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['Potassium']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report unusual fundus findings in two cases of @entity19477 . METHODS: Observational case reports. The histories of two @entity1 with @entity19477 were reviewed. Sera from both @entity1 were examined for antibodies against @entity989 . Immunofluorescence was performed on cryostat sections of unfixed normal @entity1 retinas. Sera and IgG from both @entity1 were tested against a known @entity19477 @entity1 as well as a control subject. RESULTS: Our @entity1 had metastatic, cutaneous @entity320 and a clinical syndrome consistent with @entity19477 . Both patients had serum antibodies that were reactive against @entity989 . They had unusual fundus changes not previously described in association with @entity19477 . One @entity1 also developed @entity1694 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with metastatic cutaneous @entity320 and @entity19477 may present @entity3217 that may be caused by @entity792 which is part of the clinical picture of @entity19477 or @entity320 .

title: Retinal findings in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['unusual fundus lesions']

entities_list: @entity19477 :: ('MESH:D059545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma-associated retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal bipolar cells']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity19477 :: (MESH:D059545,Disease) :: ['melanoma-associated retinopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The coronary artery @entity460 (CAC) score has been shown to predict future @entity299 . However the extent to which the added value of a CAC score to the diagnostic performance of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between CAC score and SPECT in @entity1 with suspected @entity453 . METHODS: A retrospective review of the CAC scores by use of the Agatston @entity460 scoring method and cardiac SPECT diagnostic reports was conducted in 48 @entity1 , who underwent both coronary computed tomography (CT) and SPECT examinations due to suspected @entity453 . A Pearson correlation test was used to determine the relation between CAC scores and MPI-SPECT assessments with regard to the evaluation of the extent of disease. RESULTS: Forty-seven percent of the @entity1 had CAC scores more than 100, while 42% of these @entity1 demonstrated abnormal, or probably abnormal, MPI-SPECT. Of the 23% of @entity1 with a zero CAC score, only 7% had normal MPI-SPECT findings. No significant correlation was found between the CAC scores and MPI-SPECT assessments (r value ranged from 0.012 to 0.080), regardless of the degree of coronary calcification. CONCLUSIONS: There is a lack of correlation between the CAC scores and the MPI-SPECT findings in the assessment of the extent of @entity453 . CAC scores and MPI-SPECT should be considered complementary approaches in the evaluation of @entity1 with suspected @entity453 .

title: A head-to-head comparison of the coronary XXXX score by computed tomography with myocardial perfusion imaging in predicting @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity23694 ( @entity23694 ) is a @entity465 caused by mutations in the @entity11603 ( @entity11603 ) gene that typically results in decreased or absent @entity11603 expression on activated T cells, leading to defective class switching and somatic hypermutation. We describe an @entity1 who presented with @entity1576 due to @entity5970 ( @entity5970 ) with a novel damaging missense mutation in the @entity11603 gene. METHODS: Whole exome sequencing (WES) was used to identify a mutation in the @entity11603 gene. @entity11603 expression and function were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: A 5-month-old previously-healthy male presented with @entity1576 and diffuse pulmonary ground glass opacities on CT scan of the chest. Laboratory evaluation revealed an undetectable IgG, normal IgA, and elevated IgM. A bronchoalveolar lavage demonstrated @entity5970 . WES demonstrated a @entity41766 mutation in the @entity11603 gene resulting in @entity41767 . Flow cytometry demonstrated normal @entity11603 expression on activated T cells but absent binding of @entity2936 -Ig to @entity11603 on activated @entity1 T cells. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical manifestations of @entity23694 in our @entity1 had several unique features, including the presentation with @entity5970 , normal serum IgA, and expression of non-functional @entity11603 on activated T cells. To our knowledge, this is the first published case of @entity5970 in a @entity1 with @entity23694 .

title: XXXX Presenting as @entity5970 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity23694 :: ('MESH:D053307', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked hyper IgM syndrome', 'XHIGM']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['combined immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity5970 :: ('MESH:D011649', 'Disease') :: ['PAP', 'pulmonary alveolar proteinosis']

answer: @entity23694 :: (MESH:D053307,Disease) :: ['X-linked Hyper IgM Syndrome']


abstract: The accelerated form of @entity4288 that occurs in the coronary circulation of transplanted hearts currently presents a major limitation to the long-term success of this therapy. The pathogenesis of this lesion is unclear. Recent advances in vessel wall biology have disclosed interplay between mediators of the immune response and functions of vascular cells of potential significance in the formation of this accelerated form of @entity455 . We hypothesize that the development of accelerated @entity4288 in the arteries of transplanted hearts represents a form of chronic immunologic reaction resembling @entity56 localized in the graft's arteries, a manifestation of cellular immunity mediated in large part by a regionally acting cytokine network. We emphasize the active responses of intrinsic vessel wall cells, including inappropriate expression of HLA and the likely participation of cytokines derived from vascular cells as well as from infiltrating leukocytes in amplification and propagation of this localized chronic immune reaction. This mechanism, which involves @entity1619 cells interacting with class II HLA, may distinguish transplantation-associated @entity4288 from typical acute rejection, which may involve primarily cytolytic T cells interacting with class I HLA. Lesions of the common variety of @entity731 manifest certain features of immune activation. Therefore, we further hypothesize that the transplantation-associated form represents an extreme case of processes that also contribute to usual @entity453 . For this reason, study of the accelerated disease may aid understanding of atherogenesis in general. Unraveling the basic pathobiology of these clinically important @entity455 should lay the groundwork for rational design of selective therapeutic strategies to prevent or retard their development.

title: Functions of vascular wall cells related to development of transplantation-associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease', 'arterial diseases']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['delayed-type hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary arteriosclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether preoperative electroneuronography (ENoG) predicts @entity2103 in @entity1 undergoing @entity5513 surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, consecutive @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity5513 . SETTING: A private tertiary otology and neurotology practice. @entity1 : One hundred consecutive @entity1 presented for surgical removal of an @entity5513 between May 1992 and September 1993. The mean @entity1 age was 49 years (range 17-77). Forty-three percent were male and 57% were female. The mean @entity5 size was 1.77 cm (range 3 mm to 5 cm). The @entity5 were removed by a translabyrinthine approach in 59% of @entity1 , via the middle fossa in 40%, and retrosigmoid in 1%. The facial nerve was anatomically intact at the conclusion of the operation in all but one @entity1 . INTERVENTION: Preoperative ENoG in all @entity1 undergoing surgical removal of their @entity5513 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Facial nerve outcome was measured using the House-Brackmann scale immediately after the operation. 5-7 days after surgery, and > 1 year after surgical resection. RESULTS: Preoperative ENoG had no predictive value in determining immediate or eventual @entity2103 . CONCLUSIONS: ENoG has no value in predicting the @entity2103 in @entity5513 @entity1 . The results of this study are similar to reports with smaller series in the literature. Preoperative ENoG has proven useful, in another study from this institution, in predicting the possible presence of a @entity2103 . This test may be helpful in determining the possible etiology of an intracanalicular mass.

title: Preoperative electroneuronography and @entity2103 in XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuromas', 'acoustic neuroma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve outcome', 'facial nerve neuroma']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic neuroma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The particular goal of this work is to study some cell cycle regulatory proteins and their potential impact on prognosis of @entity0 ; @entity876 , @entity4910 and @entity5438 are potential effectors being the major contributors to the control of the restriction (R) check point of the cell cycle. We also aimed to evaluate different techniques used to detect these cell cycle proteins. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty five @entity0 @entity1 as well as 10 controls with non malignant pathology were assessed for cell cycle regulators each by 2 different techniques; @entity876 was assessed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), @entity4910 by Western Blotting (WB) and IHC and @entity5438 by WB and IHC. The cut-off was calculated as the mean of the normal controls +2 SD. @entity1 were followed up for 4 years and their laboratory data were correlated with different clinical parameters and with other studied regulators. RESULTS: Eighty seven percent of cases (39/45) were positive for @entity876 by EIA with a range from 20 to 4300, and a mean of 464 +/- 971 pg/mg protein. By IHC, 80% (24/30) of the cases showed varying degrees of positivity. Using WB, @entity4910 showed high expression levels above cut off values in 69% of @entity1 (31/45) and in 67% (20/30) by IHC. The corresponding positive figures for @entity5438 were 82% (37/45) and 73% (22/30) using the two techniques, respectively. No significant association was found between @entity876 , @entity4910 and @entity5438 on one side and different clinical parameters as lymph node status, @entity5 size or presence of distant metastases on the other side. Survival was poor in @entity1 with high @entity876 expression. @entity4910 positive cases showed comparable survival with negative cases, whereas high @entity5438 levels favored a longer disease free survival. CONCLUSIONS: Techniques more suitable for assessment of each of these markers in our consideration were EIA for @entity876 , WB for @entity4910 and IHC for @entity5438 . Moreover, this study demonstrated that these markers were relevant to the biological behavior of the @entity5 cell per se with a possible impact on prognosis and survival, independent of other clinical prognostic factors.

title: The prognostic impact of some cell cycle regulatory proteins in Egyptian @entity0 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: When selecting blood donors in transfusion centres, one important problem is to identify, during screening, individuals with @entity166 that can be transmitted by blood, such as @entity311 , especially when the parasite densities are very low. This problem is particularly severe in endemic areas, such as the Brazilian Amazon. In the present study, molecular diagnostic (real-time PCR) of @entity3965 was used to identify blood donors infected with @entity311 parasites. METHODS: Samples from 595 blood donors were collected in seven haemotherapy centres in northern Brazil located in areas at risk for @entity311 transmission, and the analyses were performed by real-time PCR with TaqMan probes on 7500 Real-Time PCR Systems, to genotype the mitochondrial DNA region specific to @entity3965 . The experiment was designed for hybridization of the cytochrome c oxidase genes of the mitochondrial genome (GenBank GI63022502). The serological data were obtained using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay - ELISA (Anti- @entity778 , Anti-HTLV I-II; Anti-HVC, HBsAg, Anti-HBc, @entity1526 ) and VDRL (Syphilis) from the Blood Bank System of the Haematology and Haemotherapy Centre of Par  . RESULTS: The assay identified eight individuals in the sample (1.34%) infected with @entity3965 at the time of blood donation. This percentage was higher than the altered serological results (reactive or inconclusive) of the prevalence of anti- @entity778 (0.67%), @entity10745 (0.34%), anti- @entity99 B surface antigen (0.67%), anti-human T-lymphotropic virus I/II (1.18%), anti- @entity1526 (0.17%) and syphilis (VDRL) (0.50%), but not higher than anti- @entity99 B core antigen antibodies (4.37%). This result indicates the need to use more sensitive methods of diagnosing @entity311 in blood banks. CONCLUSION: The real-time PCR with TaqMan probes enabled the identification of @entity3965 in a high proportion of clinically healthy donors, highlighting the potential risk for transfusion-transmitted @entity311 . Additionally, this molecular diagnostic tool can be adopted as a new laboratory screening method in haemotherapy centres, especially in @entity311 -endemic areas.

title: Real-time PCR diagnosis of XXXX among blood donors.

entities_list: @entity10745 :: ('MESH:D006526', 'Disease') :: ['anti-hepatitis C virus']

entities_list: @entity3965 :: ('5855', 'Species') :: ['P. vivax', 'Plasmodium vivax']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ['Chagas disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity3965 :: (5855,Species) :: ['Plasmodium vivax']