abstract: Effect of garlic on photochemically-induced @entity1423 in pial microvessels of the @entity19 , in vivo, was compared to that of @entity117 ( @entity1281 ). Three trials were carried out, in which garlic at doses of 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg and @entity1281 doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg were used. Each trial included treatment groups of male @entity19 , approximately 30 g, and a control group. Animals were anesthetized ( @entity4774 , 1-2 mg/g, i.p.), the @entity825 was intubated and a craniotomy was performed. Induction of @entity1423 was made by activation of circulating @entity941 (0.1 ml of 5% solution/25 g, i.v.) with an intense @entity349 light. Garlic, @entity1281 and vehicle solutions were injected, i.p., 60 min prior to the photochemical insult. The time for the first platelet aggregate to appear in pial arterioles was significantly delayed (P < 0.001) only by the 100 mg/kg garlic dose and by all @entity1281 doses. The effect of this garlic dose on first aggregate was comparable to that of the 25 and 50 mg/kg @entity1281 doses. Only the @entity1281 doses delayed (P < 0.05) the appearance of first aggregate in venules. Arteriolar and venular diameter changes were not different among groups of all trials. Data of this study documented that garlic was capable of delaying @entity1423 in @entity19 pial arterioles, in vivo.

title: Influence of garlic compared to XXXX on induced photothrombosis in @entity19 pial microvessels, in vivo.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluorescein']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Postinfarction @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ), anteroseptal @entity439 , and @entity67 are commonly associated and predict a poor long-term prognosis. Surgical left ventricular reconstruction, which includes double plication of the anterior and septal wall, can improve ventricular function. This article analyzes the long-term efficacy of such a procedure to control recurrence of @entity1165 in a group of 50 consecutive @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: The study group consisted of 50 consecutive @entity1 operated on between December 1986 and December 1994. The group comprised 44 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 . The mean age was 56+/-11 years. All @entity1 had spontaneous @entity1165 following an @entity583 . Twenty-five @entity1 had two or more episodes of @entity1165 (eight presented as @entity1167 , nine as @entity1163 ). @entity453 was limited to the left anterior descending artery in 27 @entity1 . An anteroseptal @entity439 was present in 49 @entity1 . All @entity1 had @entity1165 induced by programmed ventricular stimulation before surgery, and left ventricular reconstruction was performed without intraoperative mapping in all cases. Total mortality, @entity1165 recurrence, and @entity944 rate were the endpoints of the study. In-hospital mortality was 8%. Postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction improved from 0.38 to 0.50 (P<0.05). Only two @entity1 had postoperative inducible @entity1165 . Overall survival, @entity1165 recurrence rate, and @entity944 rate were 73%, 12%, and 10%, respectively, after a median follow-up period of 6.25 years (0 to 8 years). CONCLUSION: Visually guided left ventricular reconstruction with septal and anterior wall plicature can be utilized effectively to treat recurrent @entity1165 associated with postinfarction anteroseptal @entity439 .

title: Long-term results of visually guided left ventricular reconstruction as single therapy to treat XXXX associated with postinfarction anteroseptal @entity439 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['anterior myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: 1. Field-potential and intracellular recordings in the @entity1249 subfield of @entity35 hippocampal slices were employed to study the long-lasting changes in synaptic excitability that follow brief (< 7 min) episodes of @entity519 . 2. Disappearance of the stratum radiatum-induced population spike and/or substantial reduction of the corresponding field excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) occurred with @entity519 . During reoxygenation the population spike amplitude increased in 67% of trials by 20-360% (87 +/- 28%, mean +/- SEM, n = 35) as compared to control; an enhancement of the postanoxic field EPSP was also observed. Both types of increase in synaptic excitability were long-lasting (up to 160 min after reoxygenation). 3. Further anoxic episodes made @entity302 appear in @entity1249 in response to stratum radiatum stimulation. These @entity302 responses were associated with depolarization of @entity1249 pyramidal cells (mean reversal potential = -16 +/- 7 mV, n = 4), and were also seen after surgical isolation from the @entity1251 subfield. 4. @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor antagonists did not influence the postanoxic increase in population spike or field EPSP but reduced the duration of stratum radiatum-induced @entity302 . Application of a non- @entity143 receptor antagonist could abolish both postanoxic synaptic responses and @entity302 . Paired-pulse stimulation protocols revealed a persistent decrease of this type of inhibition (up to 45%) following a single episode of @entity519 . 5. The present findings indicate that @entity519 can induce a long-lasting enhancement of synaptic excitability as well as a reduction of polysynaptic inhibitory mechanisms in the @entity1249 subfield. Moreover, repeated anoxic episodes reveal an @entity143 -mediated component of excitatory synaptic transmission that contributes to the appearance of @entity302 .

title: Long-lasting changes in synaptic excitability induced by @entity519 in the XXXX hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['postanoxic epileptiform', 'epileptiform bursts', 'epileptiform discharges']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Fourteen @entity936 placed one to two drops of 0.15% @entity56841 ( @entity56841 HCl) in one eye and the vehicle in their other eye four times a day for 21 days. @entity56841 is a sigma agonist known to stimulate the release of tear proteins after instillation in @entity95 eyes and was tested for its ability to stabilize protein film extracted from @entity936 . After day 7 and again after day 21, Schirmer test strips were inserted in each eye for 5 minutes, measured for wetting, and stored at -20 degrees C for protein analysis. A volume of 600 microliters was used to extract total protein. A portion of the extract was analyzed for total protein. The remainder was used to measure surface tension, to determine in vitro break up time (in vitro BUT) in a newly designed apparatus, and to further analyze for tear lipocalin, formerly known as presystemic tear albumin. Statistically significant differences were obtained between the drug treated eye and the vehicle treated eye for measurements determined for days 7 and 21. Tear extracts from the drug treated eye showed statistically significant decreases in surface tension and increases in in vitro BUT. Extracts from the drug treated eye also showed statistically significant increases in protein content and tear lipocalin. The results suggest that @entity56841 may be able to stabilize the tear film by increasing the concentration of proteins in @entity1 tears.

title: Tear film stability of protein extracts from XXXX @entity1 administered a sigma agonist.

entities_list: @entity56841 :: ('MESH:C043554', 'Chemical') :: ['AF2975', 'N,N-dimethyl-2-phenylethylamine']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye volunteers']

answer: @entity936 :: (MESH:D015352,Disease) :: ['dry eye']


abstract: @entity1542 is a common parasite in fish and cephalopods and is not only capable of causing @entity12590 in @entity1 through visceral invasion of the third-stage larvae but can also cause anaphylactic reactions, as has recently been demonstrated. We present the clinical case of a 56-year-old @entity1 who initially presented anaphylactic reactions related to eating fish. Shortly afterwards, he began to experience self-limiting recurrences of very intense @entity158 , @entity390 and @entity391 . Skin tests for immediate @entity56 (prick tests) with a commercial extract as well as the determination of specific IgE in the patient's serum were clearly positive for A. simplex. The hemogram did not show @entity1712 . Copro-cultures and parasites in the @entity1 's feces were repeatedly negative. Gastroscopy was normal. The intestinal tract showed contrast flocculation and dilation of ansas in the distal duodenum and proximal jejunum. Biopsy samples of gastric and distal duodenum mucous showed an active process of @entity32 with a predominance of eosinophils in the lamina propria. After subjecting the @entity1 to a fish and cephalopod-free diet and treating him with @entity18884 350 mg every 12 hours for 6 days, he showed no sign of symptoms while awaiting new tests. Even though the diagnosis of IgE-mediated @entity566 caused by A. simplex offers no room for doubt, we are unable to present a firm diagnosis of @entity12590 as no larva has been seen. Nevertheless, the clinical pattern, the image of the intestinal tract, the eosinophilic infiltrate in the biopsies and the good response to @entity18884 all lead to the suspected existence of @entity12590 in this @entity1 coexisting with IgE-mediated @entity566 to this parasite.

title: Anisakis, @entity12590 and IgE-mediated immunity to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity12590 :: ('MESH:D017129', 'Disease') :: ['anisakiasis']

entities_list: @entity1542 :: ('6269', 'Species') :: ['Anisakis simplex']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity18884 :: ('MESH:D013827', 'Chemical') :: ['thiabendazole']

answer: @entity1542 :: (6269,Species) :: ['Anisakis simplex']


abstract: The role of @entity303 and other @entity146 in nursing home case-mix classification systems has been an area of controversy. The @entity409 was considered in developing a new case-mix measurement system for facility payment in a national demonstration to understand staff time use in nursing homes. Nursing staff (nurses and aides) time and resident assessment data were collected for 6,663 nursing home residents in 6 states. Measures of signs and symptoms of @entity73 ( @entity303 ), @entity308 , and @entity933 were created based on items from the new National Minimum Data Set. These measures then were used to determine whether @entity409 were predictive of resource use (nursing staff times and costs) when controlling for other case-mix variables. @entity73 was associated with slightly higher staff time only in less physically-impaired residents without serious medical conditions and not receiving heavy rehabilitation. Similarly, @entity308 and @entity933 were associated with higher resource use only in selected types of residents. Based on these findings, the new Resource Utilization Groups Version III (RUG-III) contain a major category of residents who are cognitively impaired but not severely dependent in Activities of Daily Living. @entity308 is used to differentiate subgroups of residents with major medical conditions such as @entity1158 and @entity2026 . @entity933 , when used together with other resident characteristics, was not found useful in explaining resource use. Case-mix groups defined by @entity409 can foster improved care, but careful consideration must be given to appropriate incentives and documentation requirements for providers.

title: XXXX and resource use in nursing homes.

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['role of mental dysfunctions', 'mental dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium', 'Delirium']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Mental dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most frequently injured ligament of the knee. The ACL may be damaged in isolation but often other ligaments and menisci are implicated. The injury may be managed surgically or conservatively. Injury causes @entity158 , @entity1143 and @entity32 leading to alteration in muscle function. Regaining muscular control is essential if the individual wishes to return to pre-injury level of function and @entity1 will invariably be referred for rehabilitation. OBJECTIVES: To present the best evidence for effectiveness of exercise used in the treatment of @entity130 in combination with collateral ligament and @entity16 to the knee in adults, on return to work and pre-injury levels of activity. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group Specialised Register (October 2006), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2006, Issue 3), MEDLINE (1996 to October 2006), EMBASE (1980 to October 2006), other databases and reference lists of articles. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised trials testing exercise programmes designed to treat adults with @entity130 in combination with collateral ligament and @entity16 . Included trials randomised @entity1 to receive any combination of the following: no care, usual care, a single-exercise intervention, and multiple-exercise interventions. The primary outcome measures of interest were returning to work and return to pre-injury level of activity post treatment, at six months and one year. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Study authors were contacted for additional information. Adverse effects information was collected from the trials. MAIN RESULTS: Five trials (243 @entity1 ) evaluated different exercise programmes following ACL reconstruction and one trial (100 @entity1 ) compared supervised with self-monitored exercises as part of conservative treatment. No study compared the effect of exercise versus no exercise. Methodological quality scores varied considerably across the trials; @entity1 and assessor blinding were poorly reported. Pooling of data was rarely possible due to the wide variety of comparisons, outcome measures and time points reported, and lack of appropriate data. Insufficient evidence was found to support the efficacy of one exercise intervention over another. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: This review has demonstrated an absence of evidence to support one form of exercise intervention over another. Further research should be considered in the form of large scale well-designed and well-reported randomised controlled trials with suitable outcome measures and surveillance periods. Suitable outcome measures should include a measure of functional outcome relevant to the individual.

title: Exercise for treating anterior cruciate @entity130 in combination with collateral ligament and XXXX of the knee in adults.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal damage']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ACL injuries']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['meniscal damage']


abstract: A Many-Facet Rasch analysis was carried out with the intent of identifying a latent trait dimension characterized by @entity146 causal beliefs variables. The present research consists of two studies. In Study 1, the responses of 443 Italian university students to a 40-item scale were analyzed by means of Rasch models. In Study 2, the responses of two new groups of subjects, of 300 and 135 @entity1 respectively, were examined to further validate the @entity146 causal beliefs dimension obtained in Study 1. Specific bias/interactions between the MDCB dimension and other variables, such as gender and university faculties, were detected. Correlation analyses between the MDCB dimension and attribution theory and social desirability variables were also carried out. The results showed that a 30-item Mental Disorder Causal Beliefs (MDCB) latent dimension exists, characterized by contents representative of biological-genetic and psycho-social causes. Males and females did not differ on their causal beliefs, whereas Psychology students presented more psycho-social etiology beliefs. The MDCB dimension was correlated neither to a general locus of control scale nor to the social desirability measure, whereas it was significantly correlated to the psychotherapeutic attribution measure. The results evidenced a well devised measure which can be potentially useful in the research and clinical practice for the assessment of @entity1 's etiology beliefs about @entity1032 , focusing on the development of personalized interventions to reduce or modify eventual negative attitudes and misconceptions.

title: Assessing XXXX causal beliefs: a latent dimension identification.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['mental disorder']


abstract: The revival of off-pump cardiac surgery and the exploration of less invasive techniques for coronary artery bypass grafting, have lead to an increasing technical difficulty, as compared to conventional surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass. The moving target vessel in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery, as well as the increasingly limited space in minimally invasive cardiac surgery were not convenient to many surgeons, a fact that lead many surgeons to deprive their @entity1 the potential benefits of these techniques. Since the 1950's, surgeons have attempted to make the anastomotic procedure less cumbersome and less time consuming. Many creative ideas and devices were made, but for many different reasons, they eventually faded away. Since then, hand-sewn anastomoses have been the standard of care in coronary artery bypass grafting. Today, with the obvious need for a facilitated and fast coronary @entity254 , interest in these anastomotic devices has been re-awakened. The exact geometry, physiology and dynamics of the perfect @entity254 have thus been studied, in an attempt to provide an understanding of reasons behind @entity254 and @entity177 after coronary artery bypass surgery, and eventually design the best performing device. These devices would allow for a faster, more accurate and a more reproducible coronary @entity254 using minimally invasive techniques. Also, due to a short learning curve, the standardization of percutaneous devices would allow much more surgeons to more widely adopt less invasive techniques. In summary, we see anastomotic devices as a solution to the technical challenges surgeons encounter with minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting.

title: Vascular connector devices increase the availability of minimally invasive cardiac surgery to ischemic heart XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['graft failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of low-dose @entity701 on time to shock reversal, the cytokine profile, and its relation to adrenal function in @entity1 with early @entity326 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, single-center study. SETTING: Medical intensive care unit of a university hospital. @entity1 : Forty-one consecutive @entity1 with early @entity326 . INTERVENTIONS: After inclusion and a short adrenocorticotropic hormone test, all @entity1 were randomized to receive either low-dose @entity701 (50-mg bolus followed by a continuous infusion of 0.18 mg/kg body of weight/hr) or matching placebo. After shock reversal, the dose was reduced to 0.06 mg/kg/hr and afterward slowly tapered. Severity of illness was estimated using Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Time to cessation of vasopressor support (primary end point) was significantly shorter in @entity701 -treated @entity1 compared with placebo (53 hrs vs. 120 hrs, p < .02). This effect was more profound in @entity1 with impaired adrenal reserve. Irrespective of endogenous @entity134 production, cytokine production was reduced in the treatment group with lower plasma levels of @entity650 and a diminished ex vivo lipopolysaccharide-stimulated @entity1192 and @entity650 production. @entity688 levels were unaltered. Adverse events were not more frequent in the treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with low-dose @entity701 accelerates shock reversal in early @entity326 . This was accompanied by reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines, suggesting both hemodynamic and immunomodulatory effects of @entity134 treatment. Hemodynamic improvement seemed to be related to endogenous @entity701 levels, whereas immune effects appeared to be independent of adrenal reserve.

title: Low-dose XXXX improves shock reversal and reduces cytokine levels in early @entity326 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock', 'hyperdynamic septic shock']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone', 'cortisol']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['hydrocortisone']


abstract: Sacral @entity3478 constitute a separate group in spinal surgery among all other neoplastic dis-orders due to the specificity of clinical symptoms and methods of surgical treatment. In the majority of cases, in the initial phase, symptoms are nonspecific for @entity5 , which is a sig-nificant factor delaying the final diagnosis. At the moment of diagnosis, most @entity5 are so large in size that removing the whole mass carries a risk related to the extent of surgery and maintaining the stability of pelvic girdle and sacro-lumbar junction. In this publication we present a case of a 38-year-old female @entity1 with primary @entity5 (S2-S4) undergoing surgical treatment at the Spinal Surgery, Oncological Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic at Poznan University of Medical Sciences. The @entity1 was referred to an orthopedic outpatient clinic following gynecological surgery for removal of a suspected @entity5 of the uterus confirmed in an ultrasound examination. In a control magnetic resonance examination (MRI) there was a pathological mass visualized within the sacral bone infiltrating the presacral region and compressing the distal part of the colon. The @entity1 underwent subtotal sacrectomy from a posterior approach. In order to reconstruct the posterior pelvic wall, biological material Permacol    was used. There was a transient anal sphincter atony and urinary bladder paresis as well as @entity132 in S3-S5 dermatomes after the surgery. Several days after surgery, the @entity1 was diagnosed with a deep cutaneous @entity292 and a significant volume of fluid in the postoperative cavity (in control CT). VAC treatment was implemented following a few days of passive drainage and significant improvement as well as secondary closing of the @entity292 were observed within a short period of time.

title: Operative treatment of Schwannoma, the primary XXXX --case presentation.

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbances']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'sacral tumor', 'neoplastic disease', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['sacral tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: The clinical success and patency of central and @entity1095 stents in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity432 (SVO) were assessed. METHODS: The records of @entity1 with SVO treated with venous stents from 1992 to 1999 were reviewed. Demographic and procedural variables were analyzed to determine their effect on clinical success, primary patency, and secondary patency. Patency was determined by means of a follow-up duplex scan or venogram. RESULTS: Forty central venous (CV) and 14 peripheral @entity1211 were treated in 49 @entity1 . Sixty-five stents were placed (50 CV and 15 @entity1095 ), 54 in previously unstented lesions and 11 in previously stented lesions. Causes of CV lesions included catheter placement (82%), @entity5 compression (6%), @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ) and no prior catheter (2%), and other (10%). All @entity1095 resulted from complications of dialysis. Indications for CV stents included limb @entity4 (46%), @entity2548 (30%), both limb @entity4 and @entity2548 (14%), and other (10%). @entity1095 stent indications were @entity2548 (86%) and limb @entity4 (14%). Thirteen CV stents indicated to treat @entity5 compression (three cases), @entity1228 (one case), @entity1150 (three cases), superior @entity4264 (one case), and lower-extremity catheter-related lesions (five cases) were excluded from the analysis of clinical outcome. Fifty-two stents (37 CV and 15 @entity1095 ) were included in the analysis of clinical outcome. All CV lesions included in the analysis were complications of prolonged catheterization. Eighty-nine percent of @entity1 had @entity454 and an @entity2548 . Complications developed in 26% of @entity1 with @entity1095 stents and in no @entity1 with CV stents (P <.002). The mean follow-up period was 16 months. Sixty-two percent of @entity1 required a reintervention for recurrent SVO. Only 32% of the interventions resulted in sustained symptomatic improvement. For CV stents, the primary patency rate was 85%, 27%, and 9% at 3, 12, and 24 months, respectively; the secondary patency rate was 91%, 71%, and 39% at 3, 12, and 24 months, respectively; and the clinical success rate was 94%, 94%, and 79%, at 3, 12, and 24 months, respectively. For @entity1095 stents, the primary patency rate was 73%, 17% and 17% at 3, 12, and 24 months, respectively; the secondary patency rate was 80%, 56%, and 35% at 3, 12, and 24 months, respectively; and the clinical success rate was 92%, 75%, and 42% at 3, 12 and 24 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: Stents provide a temporary benefit in most @entity1 with central or peripheral @entity432 . Regular follow-up and reinterventions are required to maintain patency and achieve long-term clinical success. Stents used for CV lesions have higher clinical success rates than stents used for @entity1095 . @entity1 with a reasonable life expectancy or who are unable to return for subsequent procedures should be considered for undergoing alternative therapy.

title: Stent placement for treatment of central and peripheral XXXX : a long-term multi-institutional experience.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral venous', 'PV lesions', 'PV']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4264 :: ('MESH:D013479', 'Disease') :: ['vena cava syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1228 :: ('MESH:D062108', 'Disease') :: ['May-Thurner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous obstruction', 'upper-extremity SVO']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVF malfunction', 'AVF', 'arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous (PV) obstructions']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['venous obstruction']


abstract: In addition to heavily infecting the salivary glands of @entity4224 (L.) mosquitoes, dengue viruses produce a significant @entity4767 , involving the brain, @entity735 . To determine if @entity281 affects feeding behavior of Ae. aegypti we measured feeding times, counted the number of feeding delays or interruptions, and by in situ immunocytochemistry techniques determined the spatial and temporal distribution of @entity281 in females parenterally infected with @entity33914 . The mean of the total time required for feeding by infected mosquitoes was significantly longer than the time required by uninfected mosquitoes. Similarly, the mean of the time spent probing was significantly longer in infected mosquitoes than in uninfected mosquitoes when day after inoculation was considered. Significant increases in the length of feeding activity in infected mosquitoes corresponded to @entity778 in organs that are known to control or influence activities associated with blood feeding. Sequential infections of the salivary glands (five days postinoculation [PI]), @entity7733 (eight days PI), and @entity1661 (11 days PI) of most mosquitoes were observed. The increased time required by infected Ae. aegypti mosquitoes to acquire a blood meal may contribute to the efficiency of Ae. aegypti as a vector of dengue virus. Longer feeding periods are more likely to be interrupted by the host, which increases the chance that an infected mosquito will probe or feed on additional hosts.

title: Impact of dengue @entity778 on feeding behavior of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus infection']

entities_list: @entity4767 :: ('MESH:D002494', 'Disease') :: ['infection of the nervous system']

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ["Johnston's organ and midgut and abdominal ganglion"]

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ["Johnston's organ, compound eye, and thoracic and abdominal ganglion"]

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['dengue infections', 'dengue infection']

entities_list: @entity7733 :: ('MESH:D058494', 'Disease') :: ['brain and compound eye']

answer: @entity4224 :: (7159,Species) :: ['Aedes aegypti']


abstract: @entity6 is a common @entity209 that is usually accompanied by increased production of reactive @entity26 species or by impaired antioxidant defenses. Importantly, oxidative stress is particularly relevant to the risk of @entity65 . @entity12837 (LA), a naturally occurring @entity32738 compound, has long been known as an essential cofactor for mitochondrial bioenergetic enzymes. LA is a very important micronutrient with diverse pharmacologic and antioxidant properties. Pharmacologically, LA improves glycemic control and @entity305 associated with @entity6 ; it also effectively mitigates @entity137 associated with heavy metal @entity4968 . As an antioxidant, LA directly terminates free radicals, chelates @entity9546 ions, increases cytosolic @entity2041 and @entity620 levels, and prevents @entity137 associated with their loss. These diverse actions suggest that LA acts by multiple mechanisms both physiologically and pharmacologically. Its biosynthesis decreases as @entity1 age and is reduced in @entity1 with compromised health, thus suggesting a possible therapeutic role for LA in such cases. Reviewed here is the known efficacy of LA with particular reference to types 1 and 2 @entity6 . Particular attention is paid to the potential benefits of LA with respect to glycemic control, improved insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress, and @entity16 in @entity6 @entity1 . It appears that the major benefit of LA supplementation is in @entity1 with @entity3949 .

title: @entity12837 supplementation and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity9546 :: ('CHEBI:27081', 'Chemical') :: ['transition metal']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathies']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity12837 :: ('MESH:D008063', 'Chemical') :: ['Alpha-lipoic acid']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorder']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: AIM: To characterise the ocular phenotype of a family segregating the splice site mutation @entity52451 in the @entity669 kinase receptor gene @entity16906 . METHODS: Five affected @entity1 of a consanguineous Moroccan family were investigated by ophthalmic examinations, including @entity3217 ( @entity3217 ) imaging, optical coherence tomography (OCT), psychophysical and electrophysiological methods. RESULTS: Affected @entity1 were between 5 and 19 years of age, allowing an estimation of disease progression. Electroretinography demonstrated loss of scotopic and photopic function in the first decade of life. Younger siblings showed @entity10983 with focal relatively increased @entity3217 in the macular area. With increasing age, a yellowish lesion with relatively increased @entity3217 and subsequent macular @entity194 developed. Visual acuity deteriorated with age and ranged between 20/50 in the best eye of the youngest affected and 20/400 in the worst eye of the oldest affected sibling. Spectral-domain OCT revealed debris-like material in the subneurosensory space. CONCLUSION: The splice site mutation @entity52451 in @entity16906 causes @entity6391 with a distinct macular phenotype. The debris in the subneurosensory space resembles that in the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) @entity35 being the @entity52452 animal model. @entity1 might therefore benefit from advances in gene therapy that were previously achieved in the RCS @entity35 .

title: Characterisation of severe XXXX in a consanguineous family with a splice site mutation in the @entity16906 gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['fundus photography, autofluorescence', 'FAF']

entities_list: @entity10983 :: ('MESH:D015593', 'Disease') :: ['drusen-like deposits']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['rod-cone dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['rod-cone dystrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There are few reports investigating the potential benefits of preoperative systemic chemotherapy for @entity1 with node-positive @entity189 . The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of preoperative systemic chemotherapy on the clinical outcomes of @entity1 with node-positive @entity189 treated by radical nephroureterectomy. METHODS: Data were collected on 195 consecutive @entity1 with @entity189 treated by radical nephroureterectomy between 1995 and 2010 at a single institute. Of these, 29 @entity1 with node-positive disease but no visceral @entity3 were retrospectively evaluated. In @entity1 who underwent preoperative systemic chemotherapy, @entity5 response, post-therapy pathological downstaging to either @entity66 at radical nephroureterectomy or no residual lymph node @entity3 (pN0) and @entity137 were the endpoints of interest. Overall survival was compared between two groups: those with and without preoperative chemotherapy. RESULTS: All @entity1 underwent regional lymphadenectomy. Overall, 15 @entity1 (52%) underwent preoperative systemic chemotherapy. Pathological downstaging was achieved in 47%, including pN0, but there was no pathological complete response. Eighty-six percent of the @entity1 with pathological downstaging had no evidence of recurrence. The median overall survivals were 38 and 9 months for @entity1 with and without preoperative systemic chemotherapy, respectively (hazard ratio: 0.26, P = 0.015, log-rank test). There was no significant difference in operative morbidity between the two groups, and no operations were delayed because of preoperative chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: The survival of @entity1 who undergo preoperative systemic chemotherapy following radical nephroureterectomy seems to be superior to that of those undergoing radical nephroureterectomy alone. However, to confirm this, prospective randomized studies are needed.

title: A role for preoperative systemic chemotherapy in node-positive XXXX treated with radical nephroureterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['upper tract urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['upper tract urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Systemic analgesics would not provide good enough @entity158 relief for some kinds of @entity5 . Metastatic @entity158 is characteristic of one of the @entity5 , since the @entity158 is not only nociceptive but also neuropathic. A low-dose antiepileptic-antidepressant combination with opioids is effective in the management of neuropathic @entity5 . OBJECTIVE: The aim was to see whether a low-dose antiepileptic-antidepressant combination is effective in the treatment of bone @entity3 . STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: @entity158 Clinic in Japan. METHODS: Thirty-seven @entity5 @entity1 , confirmed to have bone @entity3 , were allocated into 3 groups: P group took @entity4481 50 mg every 8 hours orally; P-I group took @entity4481 25 mg every 8 hours orally and @entity2645 5 mg every 12 hours orally; P-M group took @entity4481 25 mg every 8 hours orally and @entity13332 7.5 mg every 12 hours orally. @entity158 assessments were performed for 2 weeks. RESULTS: The total @entity158 score significantly decreased in all 3 groups even one day after the start of the medication. The decreases in the P-I and P-M groups were significantly greater than those in the P group from Day 2. Also, the daily paroxysmal @entity158 episodes significantly decreased in all 3 groups at Day one. The decreases in the P-M groups were significantly greater than those in the P group from Day one. The decreases in the P-I group were significantly greater than those in the P group from Day 3. CONCLUSION: Low-dose @entity4481 -antidepressant combinations with opioids were effective in the management of painful bone @entity3 .

title: Combinations of low-dose antidepressants and low-dose XXXX as useful adjuvants to opioids for intractable, painful bone @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['refractory cancer pains', 'cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity13332 :: ('MESH:C035133', 'Chemical') :: ['mirtazapine']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain', 'Pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['pregabalin']

answer: @entity4481 :: (MESH:C080245,Chemical) :: ['pregabalin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the combined use of several ultrasonographic (US) criteria in the detection of @entity2444 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a prospective study, 144 consecutive @entity1 with a @entity158 hip underwent US. The thicknesses of the (a) anterior recess of the joint capsule, (b) cartilage of the femoral head, and (c) quadriceps muscle were assessed. Sixty-eight @entity1 with no symptoms, the control group, were also examined. RESULTS: The final diagnosis was @entity603 (n = 58), @entity2444 (n = 21), @entity4039 ( @entity4039 ; n = 5), or miscellaneous (n = 6). Fifty-four @entity1 had no US or radiographic abnormalities, and symptoms disappeared during follow-up. The anterior recess in @entity1 with @entity603 was significantly wider than that in the other @entity1 and control subjects (P < .001). @entity1 with @entity2444 showed significant cartilage thickening in the symptomatic hip compared with the other @entity1 and control subjects (P < .001). @entity1 with @entity2444 and @entity1 with @entity4039 showed significant @entity2057 compared with all other groups (P < .001). The combined use of these US criteria for the diagnosis of @entity2444 resulted in a positive predictive value of 95%, a negative predictive value of 95%, a sensitivity of 71%, and a specificity of 99%. CONCLUSION: The combination of several US criteria increases the diagnostic value of US of the @entity158 hip in @entity1 with @entity2444 .

title: US of the XXXX hip in childhood: diagnostic value of cartilage thickening and @entity2057 in the detection of @entity2444 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['transient synovitis']

entities_list: @entity2444 :: ('MESH:D007873', 'Disease') :: ['Perthes disease']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy of the ipsilateral quadriceps muscle']

entities_list: @entity4039 :: ('MESH:D060048', 'Disease') :: ['slipped capital femoral epiphysis', 'SCFE']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['painful']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To report a single center's experience with laparoscopic excision of local recurrence of @entity1358 . METHODS: Between January and August 2011, 5 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic excision of local recurrence were identified from the institutional laparoscopic surgery database. RESULTS: Four radical nephrectomies and 1 partial nephrectomy were performed for @entity5 . The mean ages of the @entity1 were 57.4 y (range, 48 to 68) and 62.8 y (range, 53 to 71) at the time of primary surgery and laparoscopic recurrence excision, respectively. The average size of the @entity5 was 7.2cm (range, 4.5 to 11). The mean size of local recurrence was 3.46cm (range, 2.8 to 4.5). The original @entity5 T stages were T1b, T2b, and T4 in 3, 1, and 1 cases, respectively. The mean time to diagnosis of recurrence was 51.2 mo (range, 15 to 136). The pathology of one @entity1 who had previously received targeted therapy with @entity2240 , was @entity39 , unlike the other 4 pathologies which revealed @entity1358 . The mean operative time, estimated @entity190 , and length of hospital stay were 86 min (range, 70 to 100), 100 mL (range, 20 to 300), and 4 d (range, 2 to 8), respectively. One @entity130 did not need open conversion and was repaired laparoscopically. At a mean follow-up of 8.4 mo, the @entity5 and disease-free survival rates were 100% and 60%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic excision of local recurrence of @entity1358 is a feasible technique in well-selected @entity1 with low-volume mass not involving the adjacent organs.

title: Laparoscopic excision of local recurrence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'cancer-specific', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['pleural injury']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine the efficacy and safety of long-term oral tocolysis with @entity3352 or @entity4183 . STUDY DESIGN: Seventy-one @entity1 at 26 to 32 weeks' gestation admitted for @entity3152 were prospectively randomized to receive oral @entity3352 or @entity4183 after successful intravenous tocolysis. @entity1 were monitored weekly for cervical change, maternal side effects, amniotic fluid volume, and constriction of the fetal ductus arteriosus. @entity1 receiving @entity3352 were converted to @entity4183 at 34 weeks or with the occurrence of fetal ductal constriction or @entity2906 . RESULTS: Of 71 @entity1 randomized six were excluded after randomization. Thirty-three @entity1 were randomized to @entity3352 and thirty-two to @entity4183 . There were no differences in the percentage of @entity1 achieving 34 weeks of gestation. No differences in neonatal outcome were noted. Nine (27%) fetuses receiving @entity3352 had constriction of the fetal ductus arteriosus, and 13 (38%) had @entity2906 . Most @entity1 on @entity4183 reported beta-mimetic side effects (53%), but only one required discontinuation of therapy. CONCLUSION: Both @entity3352 and @entity4183 are effective tocolytics, but major fetal side effects are common with long-term @entity3352 use.

title: Randomized trial of oral @entity3352 and XXXX for the long-term suppression of @entity3152 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity2906 :: ('MESH:D016104', 'Disease') :: ['oligohydramnios']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline', 'terbutaline sulfate']

answer: @entity4183 :: (MESH:D013726,Chemical) :: ['terbutaline sulfate']


abstract: We analyzed the short-term and long-term outcome of 42 @entity1 with @entity1580 . Twenty-eight @entity1 underwent intensive medical therapy within two weeks after the onset of @entity158 (acute dissection). The remaining 14 @entity1 had chronic dissection. The goals of medical treatment were to control blood pressure and to attain a negative @entity1851 test result. Hospital survival rate in the @entity1 with acute dissection was 96% (27/28). In-hospital complications included changes in mental status, @entity8 , @entity1168 , @entity551 , and @entity409 , all of which were managed medically. Three of these @entity1 underwent surgical therapy in the chronic phase and were discharged uneventfully. Fifteen (62.5%) of the 24 medically treated @entity1 were discharged with negative @entity1851 tests. Spontaneous resolution of a dissection was demonstrated by radiological examinations in 8 cases. Five-year survival rates in 24 medically treated @entity1 was 93%. Hospital survival rate in the @entity1 with chronic dissection was 100% (14/14). The rigorous control of blood pressure in the acute phase, and subsequent meticulous evaluation of the dissection by radiological tests and @entity1851 test provides acceptable short-term and long-term outcomes of @entity1 with acute distal dissection without the need for emergency surgical intervention.

title: The role of medical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['distal type aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['distal type aortic dissection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The transpulmonary thermodilution technique enables measurement of cardiac index (CI), intrathoracic blood volume (ITBV), global end-diastolic volume (GEDV), and extravascular lung water (EVLW). In this study, we analyzed the robustness of this technique during an acute increase in systemic vascular resistance (SVR). DESIGN: Prospective, clinical study. SETTING: Surgical intensive care unit in a university hospital. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-four mechanically ventilated @entity326 @entity1 , who for clinical indications underwent extended hemodynamic monitoring by transpulmonary thermodilution and continuously received @entity1063 . INTERVENTIONS AND MAIN RESULTS: After baseline measurements, mean arterial pressure was increased briefly by increasing @entity1063 dosage and hemodynamic measurements were repeated before a control measurement was obtained. At each time point, 15 cc of 0.9% saline (< 8 degrees C) was administered by central venous injection in triplicate. Fluid status and respirator adjustments were kept constant. ANOVA with an all-pairwise comparison method was used for statistical analysis. Heart rate, central venous pressure, and EVLW remained constant throughout, while SVR significantly changed from 551 +/- 106 to 746 +/- 91 dyn*s*cm(-5) and again to 566 +/- 138 dyn*s*cm(-5) (p < 0.05). However, CI and central blood volumes showed a reversible significant increase, i.e., ITBV went from 816 +/- 203 to 867 +/- 195 ml/m(2) and then to 821 +/- 205 ml/m(2) and GEDV from 703 +/- 178 to 747 +/- 175 ml/m(2) and finally to 704 +/- 170 ml/m(2), respectively. In eight @entity1 , 2-D echocardiography was applied and revealed a reversible increase in left-ventricular end-diastolic area. CONCLUSION: An acute increase in SVR by increasing @entity1063 dosage results in a reversible increase in central blood volumes (ITBV, GEDV) as measured by transpulmonary thermodilution and supported by echocardiography.

title: Influence of an acute increase in systemic vascular resistance on transpulmonary thermodilution-derived parameters in critically ill XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This randomized phase II trial investigated the efficacy and safety of @entity416 / @entity901 (CapOx) plus bevacizumab and dose-modified @entity416 / @entity2600 (mCapIri) plus bevacizumab as first-line therapy in @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 (mCRC). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 received bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg with @entity901 130 mg/m(2)/day 1 plus @entity416 1000 mg/m(2) bid/days 1-14 or with @entity2600 200 mg/m(2)/day 1 plus @entity416 800 mg/m(2) bid/days 1-14 both every 21 days. The primary end point was 6 months progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: A total of 255 @entity1 were enrolled. The intent-to-treat population comprised 247 @entity1 (CapOx-bevacizumab: n = 127; mCapIri-bevacizumab: n = 120). The six-month PFS rates were 76% (95% CI, 69%-84%) and 84% (95% CI, 77%-90%). Median PFS and @entity3012 were 10.4 months (95% CI, 9.0-12.0) and 24.4 months (95% CI, 19.3-30.7) with CapOx-bevacizumab, and 12.1 months (95% CI, 10.8-13.2) and 25.5 months (95% CI, 21.0-31.0) with mCapIri-bevacizumab. Grade 3/4 @entity294 as predominant toxic effect occurred in 22% of @entity1 with CapOx-bevacizumab and in 16% with mCapIri-bevacizumab. CONCLUSIONS: Both, CapOx-bevacizumab and mCapIri-bevacizumab, show promising activity and an excellent toxic effect profile. Efficacy is in the range of other bevacizumab-containing combination regimen although lower doses of @entity2600 and @entity416 were selected for mCapIri.

title: @entity416 / @entity2600 or @entity416 / @entity901 in combination with bevacizumab is effective and safe as first-line therapy for metastatic XXXX : a randomized phase II study of the AIO colorectal study group.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: The results of the microbiological diagnosis of infective inflammatory complications in @entity1 with @entity4499 and the tactics of their antibacterial prophylaxis and therapy within a 9-year observation period (2003-2011) were analysed. The main organisms colonizing the tracheobronchial tree in the @entity1 were @entity5938 , @entity794 , enteric bacteria, @entity796 and Candida. An increase of the @entity5938 resistance to @entity1215 , @entity3477 and especially @entity2177 was observed. The resistance of @entity794 did not significantly change. Within the observation period, high susceptibility of all the @entity794 isolates to @entity2176 and linezolid remained stable. Among the nonfermenting gramnegative bacteria, the @entity796 isolates were the most frequent and characterized by a lower portion of the isolates with preserved susceptibility to the agents (except polymyxin B) known earlier as antipyocyanic antibiotics, i.e. to imipenem and cefepim. Since the proportion of @entity796 in the etiology of pyoinflammatory processes in the region of esophageotracheal fistula ranged within 9.3 to 17.5%, the fact should be considered in the antibiotic therapy. There was observed an increase in the frequency of @entity166 due to other nonfermenting gramnegative bacteria (acinetobacters) and first of all A.baumannii. Various Candida isolates were characterized by dependence of the susceptibility on the selective pressure of irrational therapy, as well as their species (the presence of such species as C. Krusei and @entity7408 with natural resistance), that required not only the species identification but also determination of the Candida isolates resistance in every particular case.

title: [Microbiological monitoring in therapy of @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4499 :: ('MESH:D007049', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic esophageotracheal fistula']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity3477 :: ('MESH:C104727', 'Chemical') :: ['moxifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity5938 :: ('1282', 'Species') :: ['S. epidermidis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

answer: @entity4499 :: (MESH:D007049,Disease) :: ['iatrogenic esophageotracheal fistula']


abstract: Previous studies have suggested that alterations of the @entity876 gene are the most common @entity74 in @entity1 @entity5 . The aims of the present study were to evaluate @entity876 protein (p53P) immunostaining in @entity2347 ( @entity2347 ) of the salivary gland and to correlate the expression with @entity1 survival. A total of 27 cases of @entity2347 in the @entity8174 gland (n = 12) and the minor palatine glands (n = 15) were studied, with ten cases each of normal @entity8174 and palatine glands as non-neoplastic controls. Staining was performed with mouse monoclonal antibody DO-7 against @entity876 (Dako, USA) using the ABC method. Stained nuclei irrespective of intensity or frequency were considered as positive. The frequency of positive nuclei was evaluated as the p53P index (p53PI), the percentage of the total nuclei in the reference epithelium. Clinical survival data were available for @entity1 for periods up to 156 months. Our data showed that no normal tissues showed immunoreactivity with p53P in their nuclei. Thirteen of 15 (87%) cases of palatal and two of 12 (17%) cases of @entity10106 stained with p53P and the @entity876 PI ranged from 0.01 to 10%. The number of p53P positive @entity5 was significantly higher in palatal than in @entity10106 , suggesting that palatal ACCs may be more aggressive in comparison with @entity8174 ACCs. Our data also showed that the number of p53P positive @entity5 was significantly increased in @entity1 who died of @entity5 than in @entity1 with no evidence of disease at the end of the follow-up period between 60 to 156 months. These results suggest that p53P may be involved in the development of salivary gland ACCs and that @entity876 P analysis may be a useful indicator of poor prognosis.

title: XXXX oncoprotein accumulation in @entity2347 of @entity8174 and palatine salivary glands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'ACC']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormality']

entities_list: @entity10106 :: ('MESH:D010307', 'Disease') :: ['parotid neoplasms']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: It is widely appreciated that @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) get thinner and shorter hair. However little work has been done to quantitate this. We assessed hair thickness of @entity1252 @entity1 and compared this to that of @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and @entity23 ( @entity23 ). Fifty-seven female @entity1 with @entity1252 (mean age: 32 +/- 8 years) and 77 female @entity1 with @entity309 (mean age: 50 +/- 12 years) were studied along with 75 healthy @entity1 (mean age: 27 +/- 6 years). Five strands of hair were taken from each subset and mounted on glass slides. Two independent observers, blind to the sources of the hair, measured the hair strands under a light microscope, using a micrometer. Finally, the mean hair thickness between each of the three groups was calculated. The hair in both @entity1252 and @entity309 @entity1 was found to be thinner than that of @entity23 by both observers (P < 0.001). Age adjusted analysis between @entity1252 and @entity23 showed similar results. However, there was no significant difference in hair thickness between @entity1252 and @entity309 . @entity1252 @entity1 have thinner hair compared to @entity23 . More studies are needed to investigate the effect of disease activity, therapy and other factors on hair diameter.

title: Hair diameter in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['healthy controls', 'HC']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: We assessed whether intrathecal administration of the uncompetitive and competitive @entity143 receptor antagonists @entity3652 and (+/-)CPP, respectively, could produce differential modulation on chemical and mechanical nociception in normal and monoarthritic @entity35 . In addition, the antinociceptive interaction of @entity3652 and @entity8547 on monoarthritic @entity158 was also studied using isobolographic analysis. Monoarthritis was produced by intra-articular injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into the tibio-tarsal joint. Four weeks later, the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal administration of the drugs alone or combined was evaluated by using the intraplantar @entity2951 and the paw pressure tests. @entity3652 (0.1, 1, 10, 30, 100, 300 and 1000 microg i.t.) and @entity8547 (0.125, 2.5, 7.5, 12.5, 25 and 50 microg i.t.) produced significantly greater dose-dependent antinociception in the @entity2951 than in the paw pressure test. Irrespective of the nociceptive test employed, both antagonists showed greater antinociceptive activity in monoarthritic than in healthy @entity35 . Combinations produced synergy of a supra-additive nature in the @entity2951 test, but only additive antinociception in paw pressure testing. The efficacy of the drugs, alone or combined, is likely to depend on the differential sensitivity of tonic versus phasic @entity158 and/or chemical versus mechanical @entity158 to @entity143 antagonists.

title: Antinociceptive effect and interaction of uncompetitive and competitive @entity143 receptor antagonists upon @entity2951 and paw pressure testing in normal and monoarthritic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity4289 is primarily a disease of the elderly. Cases who give a history of exposure to @entity11898 , cytotoxic drugs or leukaemogenic chemicals may be younger. Many cases of @entity4289 present because of an incidental blood count. The most prominent clinical features are those of @entity417 , @entity1398 , @entity882 . Because haemopoietic tissue is also dysfunctional the pathological effect is often greater than the figures would suggest, even leading to @entity548 with normal neutrophil or platelet counts. Occult abscesses are a particular feature. Despite documented abnormalities of the lymphoid system, neither infections characteristic of @entity14634 nor @entity792 is a problem. The proliferation of monocytes in CMML leads to @entity7555 , @entity1778 , serous effusions and @entity75 caused by the mishandling of circulating immune complexes. @entity5 is no commoner than in age-matched controls, but coincident @entity5 do occur. Many @entity1 require long-term blood transfusion and will run into problems of @entity68 overload unless precautions are taken.

title: Clinical features of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14634 :: ('MESH:C536780', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['infection of bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid tumours', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity7555 :: ('MESH:D016878', 'Disease') :: ['organomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia cutis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity4289 :: (MESH:D054221,Disease) :: ['MDS']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Circulating adrenal @entity230 rise during the menopausal transition in most middle-aged @entity1 and may contribute to differences in between- @entity1 symptoms and ultimate health outcomes. However, the mechanisms for this shift in adrenal @entity479 production in middle-aged @entity1 are not known. This study aims to determine whether hormone therapy (HT) for 1 year can modulate adrenal @entity342 production. METHODS: Younger (9.8 [0.4] years, n = 20) and older (22.7 [0.4] years, n = 37) female laboratory macaques were ovariectomized, and each group was treated with different regimens of HT for up to 1 year. Changes in adrenal histology and circulating adrenal @entity3800 were monitored after @entity172 -alone (E) or @entity172 plus @entity1420 (E + P) treatment, and these changes were compared with the same measures in similarly aged animals given vehicle. RESULTS: @entity4091 area, serum @entity2494 ( @entity2494 ), and serum @entity2494 sulfate ( @entity2990 ) were higher in younger vehicle-treated animals compared with older vehicle-treated animals (P < 0.02). Both E and E + P treatments decreased circulating @entity2990 in the younger group (P < 0.05). Although E treatment also decreased @entity2990 in the older group, this was not statistically significant. In contrast, E + P treatment in the older group resulted in a rise in @entity2990 over vehicle, which was significantly higher than the results of E treatment (P < 0.01). Circulating concentrations of @entity2494 exhibited similar trends, but these changes did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that intervention with ovarian @entity230 can modulate adrenal @entity342 production in female higher primates and that both animal age and type of HT regimen determine adrenal response.

title: Modulation of higher-primate adrenal XXXX secretion with @entity172 -alone or @entity172 -plus- @entity1420 intervention.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA', 'dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['Zona reticularis']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: Tubulin, the dimeric subunit of microtubules, is a major cell protein that is centrally involved in cell division. Tubulin is subject to specific enzymatic posttranslational modifications including cyclic @entity669 removal and addition at the @entity1473 terminus of the alpha-subunit. Tubulin is normally extensively tyrosinated in cycling cells. However, we have previously shown that detyrosinated tubulin accumulates in @entity5 cells during @entity5 progression in @entity19 . Tubulin detyrosination, resulting from suppression of tubulin tyrosine ligase and the resulting unbalanced activity of tubulin-carboxypeptidase, apparently represents a strong selective advantage for @entity5 cells. We have now analyzed the occurrence and significance of tubulin detyrosination in @entity1 @entity0 . We studied a total of 134 @entity0 from @entity1 with or without known complications over a follow-up period of 31 +/- 10 months. The mean age of the @entity1 at the time of diagnosis was 57 years. For each @entity1 , detailed data concerning the histology and extension of the @entity5 were available. @entity5 cells containing detyrosinated tubulin were visualized by immunohistochemical staining of @entity982 -embedded tissue sections. @entity5 cells with detyrosinated tubulin were observed in 53% of the @entity5 and were predominant in 19.4% of the @entity5 . Tubulin detyrosination correlated to a high degree of significance (P < 0.001) with a high Scarf-Bloom-Richardson (SBR) grade, a known marker of @entity146 . Among SBR grade 1 @entity5 , 3.8% were strongly positive for tubulin detyrosination compared with 65.4% of the SBR grade 3 @entity5 . The SBR component showing the strongest correlation with tubulin detyrosination was the mitotic score. In the entire @entity1 population, neither the SBR grade nor the detyrosination index had significant prognostic value (P = 0.11, P = 0.27, respectively), whereas a combined index was significantly correlated with the clinical outcome (P = 0.02). A preliminary subgroup analysis indicated that tubulin detyrosination may define high- and low- risk groups in @entity0 with an SBR grade of 2. Our study shows that tubulin detyrosination is a frequent occurrence in @entity0 , easy to detect, and linked to @entity146 .

title: Tubulin detyrosination is a frequent occurrence in XXXX of poor prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors', 'breast cancer tumors']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['tumor aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'tumors', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancers']


abstract: Worldwide data show that there is increasing resistance among urinary tract pathogens to conventional drugs. The aim of this study was to obtain data on susceptibility patterns of pathogens responsible for @entity293 ( @entity293 ) in Poland to currently used antimicrobial agents. A multicentre study of 141 pathogens from hospital-acquired @entity281 and 460 pathogens from @entity5046 was carried out between July 1998 and May 1999. The most prevalent aetiological agent was @entity526 (73.0%), followed by @entity795 spp. (8.9%) and other species of Enterobacteriaceae (9.6%). Few @entity5046 were caused by Gram-positive bacteria (2.2%). Gram-positive cocci were isolated more frequently from a hospital setting (14.1%) and the most common were Enterococcus spp. (8.5%). @entity796 was found only among hospital isolates and was responsible for 10.7% of @entity281 . @entity526 isolates from both community and @entity580 were highly susceptible to many antimicrobial agents with the exception of those isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). Of all Enterobacteriaceae tested, 38 strains (6.9%) were capable of producing ESBLs.

title: Antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial strains isolated from XXXX in Poland.

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity5046 :: ('MESH:D017714', 'Disease') :: ['community-acquired infections', 'community infections']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['hospital infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'UTIs']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity66 ( @entity1593 ; @entity926 ) and @entity29 ( @entity29 ) are common @entity344 . Both display enhanced intestinal permeability, initiated by @entity926 ( @entity926 ) or bacterial interactions ( @entity29 ). Previous studies showed the association of both diseases with variants in @entity56804 , presumably involved in epithelial permeability. AIM: It was hypothesised that genetic variants in tight junction genes might affect epithelial barrier function, thus contributing to a shared pathogenesis of @entity926 and @entity29 . METHODS: This hypothesis was tested with a comprehensive genetic association analysis of 41 genes from the tight junction pathway, represented by 197 tag single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. RESULTS: Two genes, @entity14138 (two SNPs) and @entity56805 (two SNPs), showed weak association with @entity926 in a Dutch cohort. Replication in a British @entity926 cohort yielded significance for one SNP in @entity14138 and suggestive associations for two additional SNPs, one each in @entity14138 and @entity56805 . Joint analysis of the British and Dutch data further substantiated the association for both @entity14138 ( @entity56806 , p = 6.4 x 10(-5); OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.37) and @entity56805 ( @entity56807 , p = 7.6 x 10(-4); OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.32). Association was also observed in Dutch @entity31 @entity1 with @entity56805 ( @entity56807 , p = 0.0036; OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.47), and suggestive association with @entity14138 ( @entity56808 , p = 0.068). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity66 and @entity31 may share a common aetiology through tight junction-mediated barrier defects, although the observations need further replication.

title: Associations with tight junction genes XXXX and @entity56805 in Dutch @entity1 point to a common barrier defect for @entity66 and @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['gluten-sensitive enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Coeliac disease', 'coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity926 :: ('MESH:C537268', 'Disease') :: ['gluten exposure', 'GSE']

answer: @entity14138 :: (56288,Gene) :: ['PARD3']


abstract: @entity560 has attracted much attention by its ability to stop cell proliferation and induce differentiation, which became of particular interest for the treatment of @entity5 and @entity1569 . We performed an expression profile of 12 hours and 24 hours @entity3873 ( @entity26670 ) treated primary @entity1 keratinocytes, to determine the changes in gene expression induced by the @entity134 in order to improve our understanding of the biological activity of @entity26670 . This we expect to be useful for establishing a test system for @entity560 analogs or might open new therapeutic targets or uses for the hormone. For the filter array experiments a non-redundant set of 2135 sequence verified EST clones was used. The normalized raw data of 2 filters per time point were combined and subjected to SAM analysis to further increase the statistical significance. 86 positive and 50 negative genes were identified after 12 h. The numbers went down to 43 positive and 1 negative gene after 24 h of treatment. Fifteen genes are up-regulated over a longer period of time (12 h and 24 h). Results were verified by real-time PCR and/or Northern blots. Targets identified are involved in intracellular signaling, transcription, cell cycle, metabolism, cellular growth, constitution of the extracellular matrix or the cytoskeleton and apoptosis, immune responses, and DNA repair, respectively. Expression profiles showed an initial stop of proliferation and induction of differentiation, and resumed proliferation after prolonged incubation, most likely due to degradation of the hormone.

title: Expression profiling of XXXX treated primary @entity1 keratinocytes.

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D', 'Vitamin D']

answer: @entity560 :: (MESH:D014807,Chemical) :: ['vitamin D']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article reviews the recent literature about migration, ethnic minority position and the risk of @entity914 . RECENT FINDINGS: A meta-analysis found that both first and second-generation migrants have on average a two-fold increase in risk for @entity914 . In the Netherlands, the risk was most elevated for individuals who migrated in early childhood. Several studies investigated diagnostic ethnic bias and reported greater likelihood of @entity161 diagnosis in ethnic minority @entity1 at the cost of diagnosis of affective @entity914 . Neighbourhood ethnic density was related to prevalence of @entity716 experiences in ethnic minority populations in the UK. Perceived discrimination was associated with severity of @entity716 and @entity308 in ethnic minority @entity1 . Both weak and strong ethnic identification, as well as experiences of social adversity, were related to risk for @entity716 . Low neonatal @entity560 was associated with adult risk for @entity716 and @entity560 levels in childhood were associated with nonclinical @entity716 experiences. SUMMARY: The risk for @entity914 is increased among ethnic minority populations. Experiences of social adversity and having a disadvantaged outsider status may explain the excess risk. More research is needed into potential biological mechanisms, including @entity560 .

title: Ethnic minority position and risk for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychosis']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['psychotic disorders']


abstract: Chromosome analyses were performed by routine G-banding in 29 @entity1 with @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ), six with immunocytoma (IC), three with centroblastic-centrocytic (cb-cc) @entity706 , and one with @entity5734 ( @entity5734 ). Ages of the @entity1 were between 46 and 81 years (mean, 63 years). @entity864 ( @entity865 ) was used as a mitogen to stimulate leukemic B-cells in 72-hour cultures. Twenty-one @entity1 had one or more @entity2008 ; and in 13 @entity1 , they were clonal; 18 @entity1 had a normal karyotype. Seven @entity1 had trisomy 12 (three @entity1072 , two IC, two cb-cc @entity706 ); two ( @entity1072 ) had it as the sole abnormality. One @entity1 with @entity1072 had trisomy 18 as the sole abnormality, and one with IC had trisomy 18 in combination with trisomy 19. One @entity1 with @entity1072 had t(1;6)(p36;p21) as a clonal structural abnormality. A t(11;14)(q13;q32) was consistently observed in one @entity1 with cb-cc @entity706 together with inv(1) (p22p36), der(4)t(4;?)(p16;?), del(6)(q13) and other variable changes. One @entity1 with morphologically atypical @entity1072 had t(1;11)(p36;q13) together with der(X)t(X;?)(q26;?), der(3)t(3;?)(q29;?), der(8)t(4;8)(q12;q24.1) and additional variable changes. Both @entity1 with these complex karyotypes were in an advanced stage of disease (Binet stage C) and died within 3-6 months after chromosome analysis.

title: Chromosome analyses in XXXX and related B-cell neoplasms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5734 :: ('MESH:D007943', 'Disease') :: ['HCL', 'hairy cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia', 'B-CLL']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Approximately 20-40% of @entity1 who undergo liver resection for colorectal metastases develop recurrent disease confined to the liver. The goals of this study were to determine whether the survival benefit of repeat hepatic resection justified the potential morbidity and mortality. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on all @entity1 who underwent liver resection for @entity14 metastases between 1983 and 1995 (N = 202). Repeat liver resections were performed on 23 @entity1 for recurrent metastases. RESULTS: There were no operative deaths in the 23 @entity1 , and the postoperative morbidity rate was 22%. The 5-year actuarial survival rate after repeat resection was 32%, with a median length of survival of 39.9 months. There were three @entity1 who survived for > 5 years after repeat resection. Sixteen @entity1 (70%) developed recurrent disease at a median interval of 11 months after the second resection; 10 of these 16 @entity1 (62%) had new hepatic metastases. No clinical or pathological factors were significant in predicting long-term survival. CONCLUSIONS: Repeat liver resection for recurrent colorectal metastases (a) can be performed safely with acceptable mortality and morbidity rates and (b) may result in long-term survival in some @entity1 .

title: Repeat hepatic resection as effective treatment of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal liver metastases']


abstract: The goal of the current study was to examine the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), a pathway of intracellular degradation, in the regulation of fetal fibronectin (FFN) expression in @entity1 placenta. Primary cultures of cytotrophoblasts (CTs) and placental mesenchymal cells (PMCs) were isolated from @entity1 term placentas and were maintained in serum-free medium (SFM) in the presence of inhibitors of proteasome-mediated degradation (e.g., @entity16626 ) as well as inhibitors of other proteases. Levels of secreted FFN and interleukin (IL)-8 in culture media were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and cell viability was assessed by @entity3460 exclusion. Intracellular levels of FFN and ubiquinated proteins were measured by Western blotting, and levels of fibronectin mRNA were determined following Northern blotting. We found that proteasome inhibitors ( @entity16626 , @entity54139 , and PSI) potently suppressed levels of secreted FFN in cultures of CTs, but they not did affect levels of @entity687 . @entity2315 , and @entity563 protease inhibitors as well as the anti-inflammatory compound @entity3378 did not markedly affect levels of secreted FFN in CT cultures. Proteasome inhibitors did not compromise cell viability during the initial 16-18 hours of treatment and did not affect intracellular levels of FFN protein or fibronectin mRNA. The efficacy of suppression of FFN in CT culture media by proteasome inhibitors reflected their effects on intracellular accumulation of ubiquinated proteins. By contrast, the presence of proteasome inhibitors did not alter levels of secreted FFN in cultures of PMCs. We conclude that inhibitors of proteasome-mediated degradation potently and specifically suppressed extracellular expression of FFN in CTs through a cell type-specific pathway that did not involve alterations in FFN synthesis. This suggests that accumulation of ubiquinated proteins in the presence of proteasome inhibitors blocks FFN secretion or promotes the extracellular degradation of FFN. This experimental paradigm will be useful for dissecting the role of the UPS in regulating CT function.

title: Role of the proteasome in the regulation of fetal fibronectin secretion in XXXX placenta.

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['Lysosomal, calpain']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfasalazine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The treatment effects of recent immunomodulatory therapies on disease progression in relapsing-remitting @entity15 ( @entity15 ) have been mostly established from 'confirmed progression' endpoints. However, the reliability of this outcome measure is poor and a significant proportion of @entity1 may be erroneously classified. We previously proposed the area under disability/time curves to quantify in-trial disability changes, but although these have advantages, they lack information on the direction of change. We have therefore performed disease trend analyses and categorical classifications using serial Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores from the 533 complete datasets in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III trial of subcutaneous interferon beta-1a (IFNbeta-1a) (PRISMS study). We found significant treatment benefits for IFNbeta-1a on in-trial disability course (P=0.002). Therapeutic advantages remained when relapse-related assessments were excluded (P=0.018). Post hoc analyses demonstrated that IFNbeta-1a was mainly effective in both increasing the proportion of @entity1 with a 'stable' course and reducing those with prolonged, disabling deteriorations. Baseline disease duration and EDSS levels, but not MRI lesion load, predicted the subsequent disability trends. Mean 'numbers needed to treat' (NNTs) to obtain preferred disability courses were reduced in @entity1 with @entity66 duration. These results have important implications for the targeting of immunomodulatory therapies in @entity15 .

title: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of subcutaneous interferon beta-1a in relapsing-remitting XXXX : a categorical disability trend analysis.

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['shorter disease']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: This paper reviews the evidence in relation to the optimal target for HbA1c and outlines a global treatment algorithm for @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 . While most guidelines recommend a general HbA1c target of 7%, recent large scale intervention studies have examined the potential benefits of lower targets. These studies have generally shown that lower @entity4051 c targets provide no macrovascular benefits and limited effects on microvascular complications while increasing rates of hypoglycaemia. Overall these studies do not support a general HbA1c target lower than 7.0%. However an individual's HbA1c target should be set and reviewed taking into account treatment benefits, safety, and tolerability. This may mean that an @entity4051 c target lower than 7% is appropriate for some when it can be easily and safely achieved but equally a higher @entity4051 c target may be appropriate in others. Clinicians and consumers are fortunate in having a wide range of pharmacological agents available to treat hyperglycaemia, however access to many of these options is limited in many middle and low income countries. Developing treatment algorithms is complex for several reasons. The major limitation is the limited evidence base for choosing particular treatment options or combinations of medications. However it is possible to derive a generic evidence-informed consensus algorithm which considers availability, access and cost of medications which can be adapted for local country use.

title: Optimal management of type 2 XXXX : the evidence.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Feasibility of diagnosing @entity1744 on multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) using coronal reformations alone is evaluated. Three radiologists with subspecialty training in abdominal imaging reviewed abdominopelvic CT of 67 @entity1 in consensus. Thirty-four @entity1 had surgically proven @entity1744 . The remaining 33 @entity1 had CT for other reasons and had no @entity1321 . The images were displayed in either axial or coronal planes and were reviewed on separate days . Each CT was evaluated for the presence of @entity1744 and its etiology when applicable. Thirty-three (100%) of 33 @entity1 were correctly diagnosed not to have @entity1321 on coronal images. Thirty-four (100%) of 34 @entity1 were correctly diagnosed to have @entity1744 on both forms of image display. There were five @entity1 where the final surgical diagnosis for the etiology of @entity1744 did not agree with the interpretation of either the coronal or axial images; however, in all five @entity1 , the interpretations of axial and coronal images were similar. In only one @entity1 , the etiology of @entity1744 based on the coronal images did not agree with that of axial images and the surgical result; however, the site of @entity1744 was correctly diagnosed. There were approximately 20% fewer images in the coronal reformation data set, and the radiologists found review of these images to be easier for localizing the zone of transition in @entity1744 . Very high diagnostic accuracy can be achieved based on coronal reformations alone, and this form of image display may potentially be substituted for the conventional axial images. Since there are fewer images to review when the studies are displayed in coronal plane, this may positively impact radiologist workflow.

title: Multidetector-row computed tomography diagnosis of XXXX : can coronal reformations replace axial images?

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['small bowel obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is a study using Evidence Based Practice (EBP) technique to evaluate if non-calcified @entity8 detected with ultrasound, suspected to represent an @entity359 ( @entity359 ), need a CT to rule out a @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). METHODS: The secondary and primary literature were searched for all relevant information. This was appraised for validity and strength. The results from the papers with the highest level of evidence were grouped together and analyzed. RESULTS: Three papers in the primary literature constituted the highest level of evidence. In total these three papers examined 220 lesions. The prevalence of @entity359 was 45% in this sample. Overall, hyperechoic non-calcified @entity8 had a sensitivity of 0.99 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97-1.00), a specificity of 0.43 (95% CI 0.34-0.51), a positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of 0.58 and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.98 for AMLs. 57.4% of RCCs were @entity8 . Two of the studies found that posterior acoustic shadowing had a sensitivity of 0.34 (95% CI 0.40-0.56) and a specificity of 1.0 (95% CI 1.0-1.0) for @entity359 . CONCLUSIONS: From the surprisingly limited evidence available in the literature, it must be concluded that all non-calcified @entity8 detected with ultrasound need a CT to rule out an @entity1358 .

title: Do all non-calcified XXXX found on ultrasound need further evaluation with CT?

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['AML', 'angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal lesions', 'echogenic renal lesions', 'hyperechoic to renal parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['echogenic renal lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity32 influences renal @entity417 and reduce erythropoetin effectiveness. @entity740 and haemodialysis (HD) induce elevated cytokine and @entity1851 (CRP) levels at an inter-individually variable extent. These differences are in part due to polymorphisms within cytokine genes, e.g. for pro-inflammatory @entity650 ( @entity650 ) and anti-inflammatory @entity688 ( @entity688 ). We hypothesized that these polymorphisms influence erythropoetin effectiveness. METHODS: Genotyping for polymorphisms of @entity650 ( @entity8996 ) and @entity688 ( @entity28707 ) genes was done in 460 prevalent HD @entity1 . Erythropoetin requirements were determined after three months of stable dosing of erythropoesis stimulating proteins (ESP). The effect of the cytokine genotypes was evaluated by multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The presence of the @entity650 -174G allele (found to be related with higher secretion of @entity650 ) was associated with a 26% higher ESP dose compared with individuals without the G allele (P = 0.008). The @entity688 @entity28707 polymorphism was not associated with ESP needs. Multivariate analysis detected a predictive value for ESP dose of the @entity650 polymorphism (P = 0.022), the haemoglobin level and the dose of i.v. @entity68 , but not of age, gender, dialysis vintage, ferritin or the CRP value. CONCLUSIONS: Presence of the @entity650 allele -174G is related to higher ESP doses in chronic HD @entity1 . The polymorphism of the anti-inflammatory @entity688 does not influence ESP dose, probably due to the fact that this cytokine has directly inhibitory effects on haematopoiesis in addition to its beneficial effects on @entity32 .

title: Influence of cytokine gene polymorphisms on erythropoetin dose requirements in chronic haemodialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'Chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: An attempt was made to understand the @entity1239 @entity734 of smokers selected for an ongoing smoking cessation intervention programme in rural Kerala, India. METHODS: Data were collected from resident males in the age group of 18 to 60 years from 4 randomly allocated community development blocks of rural Thiruvananthapuram district (2 intervention and 2 control groups). Trained accredited social health activist workers were utilised to collect data from all groups through face to face interview. @entity1239 @entity734 among @entity1 was assessed by means of the six-item Fagerstrom Test for @entity1239 @entity734 (FTND) translated into the local language. The internal consistency of FTND was computed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Criterion validity (concurrent) was assessed by correlations of @entity1239 @entity734 scores with age at initiation of smoking and cumulative smoking volume in pack-years. RESULTS: Among the 928 smokers identified, 474 subjects were in the intervention area (mean age =44.6 years, @entity168 =9.66 years) and 454 in the control area (mean age= 44.5 years, @entity168 =10.30 years). The overall FTND score among current daily smokers was 5.04 ( @entity168 : 5.05). FTND scores in the control and intervention areas were 4.75 ( @entity168 : 2.57) and 4.92 ( @entity168 : 2.51) respectively. The FTND scores increased with age and decreased with higher literacy and socioeconomic status. The average FTND score was high among smokers using both bidi and cigarettes (mean 6.10, @entity168 2.17). Internal consistency analysis yielded a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.70 in a subsample of 150 subjects, a moderate result. The association of the scale was strongest, with the number of pack-years smoked (rho = 0.677, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: A moderate level of @entity1239 @entity734 was observed among smokers in the current study. @entity286 cessation strategies could be made more cost effective and productive if a baseline assessment of @entity1239 @entity734 is completed before any intervention.

title: Assessment of @entity1239 XXXX among smokers in a selected rural population in Kerala, India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence', 'Dependence']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['dependence']