abstract: BACKGROUND: The bronchoprotective effect of @entity5834 on @entity112 challenge testing (HCT) has been studied with equivocal results. Current guidelines for bronchoprovocation testing recommend exclusion of @entity5834 the day of testing. The effects of @entity5834 on @entity2710 challenge testing (MCT), now more commonly performed than @entity112 challenge, are unknown. METHODS: Sixteen well-controlled asthmatics with a forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) > 65% predicted and @entity2710 provocation concentration causing a 20% fall in FEV(1) (PC(20))  <= 16 mg/ml participated in a randomized single-blind crossover study. The two treatments included 16 ounces of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee given on two separate days. The fraction of exhaled @entity842 (eNO) and FEV(1) were measured before and 1 h after each treatment. One hour post treatment blood was drawn for serum @entity5834 level and the MCT was done. RESULTS: Fourteen subjects completed the study; there were no adverse events. No significant bronchodilation was seen between the mean FEV(1) values before and after the caffeinated treatment (3.31    0.75 L and 3.36    0.74 L, respectively). No significant bronchoprotection was seen between the caffeinated and decaffeinated treatment's geometric mean PC(20) values (1.35 mg/ml and 1.36 mg/ml, respectively). Mean eNO values before and after caffeinated treatment were not significantly different (31.2    19.6 ppb and 31.5    20.4 ppb). CONCLUSION: The amount of @entity5834 in a normal dietary serving of a 16 oz cup of coffee is not enough to cause significant bronchoprotection, bronchodilation, or decrease eNO values. Registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01057875.

title: The effect of caffeinated coffee on airway response to XXXX and exhaled @entity842 .

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity2710 :: (MESH:D016210,Chemical) :: ['methacholine']


abstract: Circadian Aspects of @entity117 Induced Injury and Protective Effect of @entity5616 on the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract. In a randomised parallel double-blind study the gastric and duodenal effects of 300 mg @entity117 ( @entity1281 , CAS 50-78-2) daily in the presence and absence of 150 mg @entity5616 (Zantic, CAS 66357-35-5) daily was evaluated in 32 healthy volunteers undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Drugs were taken over a period of 7 days either at 8 a.m. (n = 16) or at 8 p.m. (n = 16). Endoscopic controls were performed at entry and repeated after 7 days of treatment. At entry both groups showed comparable mucosal damages: 8 a.m. group: @entity1281 /placebo 0.8 +/- 0.1 (stomach) and 0.1 +/- 0.1 (duodenum): @entity1281 / @entity5616 1.0 +/- 0.0 (stomach) and 0.07 +/- 0.06 (duodenum). 8 p.m. group: @entity1281 /placebo 0.9 +/- 0.06 (stomach) and 0.1 +/- 0.09 (duodenum). @entity1281 / @entity5616 0.8 +/- 0.08 (stomach) and 0.07 +/- 0.06 (duodenum). After 7 days of treatment the lesions score increased in the @entity1281 /Placebo group in the 8 a.m. group to 9.1 +/- 1.1 (stomach) and 2.7 +/- 1.0 (duodenum), and in the 8 p.m. group to 10.9 +/- 1.1 (stomach) and to 3.9 +/- 0.9 duodenum). The corresponding values in the @entity1281 / @entity5616 group were 2.6 +/- 0.8 (stomach) and 0.2 +/- 0.08 (duodenum) (8 a.m.) and 4.8 +/- 0.8 (stomach) and 0.3 +/- 0.1 (duodenum) (8 p.m.). There was no statistical difference between the morning- and the evening dose of @entity1281 . In addition, @entity5616 protection was also time-independent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Circadian aspects of @entity117 induced injury and protective effect of XXXX on the the upper gastrointestinal tract].

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid', 'Acetylsalicylic Acid']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine', 'Ranitidine']

answer: @entity5616 :: (MESH:D011899,Chemical) :: ['ranitidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Eradication rates of @entity1534 have declined to unacceptable levels in recent years. New and effective treatment options are warranted both as a first and second line treatment. AIM: To test an effectiveness of modified sequential therapy with @entity800 for @entity1534 eradication in @entity233 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity1534 infected dyspeptic @entity1 were included to the study. Subjects were treated with modified sequential therapy consisting of @entity7619 20 mg b.i.d. and @entity115 1 g b.i.d., for 7 days followed by @entity7619 20 mg b.i.d, @entity800 500 mg q.d. and @entity868 500 mg b.i.d for the remaining 7 days. RESULTS: Sixty-three treatment naive @entity1 and 37 previous treatment failures were enrolled to the study (59 F, 41 M, age: 21-80 years). There was five drop out. @entity1534 eradication was achieved in 80 @entity1 , intention-to-treat (ITT): 80% (95% CI: 71-87%) and per-protocol (PP): 84.2% (95% CI: 75-91%), totally. In treatment naive @entity1 ITT and PP eradication rates were 82.5% (95% CI: 71-91%), and 86.7% (95% CI: 75-94%), respectively. As a second line treatment eradication was successful in ITT 75.7%.(95% CI: 59-88%), and PP 80% (95% CI: 63-92%).Mild side effects were reported by 8 @entity1 (8.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Sequential therapy using " @entity7619 and @entity115 7 days followed by @entity7619 , @entity868 and @entity800 for 7 days" is a new regimen with acceptable eradication rates in na  ve @entity1 in @entity233 . Further modifications in the dose or duration of this new sequential therapy might increase its effectiveness as both first and second line treatment.

title: The modified sequential treatment regimen containing @entity800 for @entity1534 eradication in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity7619 :: ('MESH:C063129', 'Chemical') :: ['rabeprazole']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: @entity8998 is a well-established sedative and analgesic for @entity235 and @entity468 . As a premedicant for anesthesia regimens that also include other agents, @entity8998 can also provide a dose-sparing effect. While there are likely several reasons for the dose-sparing effect of @entity8998 , the role of metabolic drug-drug interactions at the single enzyme level has not yet been examined. Using a panel of individually expressed @entity235 cytochromes P450 cloned from beagle liver, this report demonstrates that @entity8998 is an extremely potent @entity24183 inhibitor (IC(50) < 10 nm) and that @entity3652 and @entity1363 are @entity24183 substrates with high intrinsic clearances. These in vitro findings suggest that under some circumstances, @entity8998 (i.e. 'perpetrator') may inhibit the metabolic clearance of some high metabolic clearance drugs (i.e. 'victims') with which it is commonly co-administered via the @entity24183 pathway. However, as the dose-sparing effect of @entity8998 premedication commonly results in anesthetic dose reduction, any increased plasma concentrations of victim drugs caused by @entity8998 would still be lower than if no dose reduction had been made. Further studies are needed to characterize whether @entity8998 possesses the potential to cause pharmacokinetic interactions. In conclusion, the ability of recombinant P450s to define @entity235 -specific drug clearance pathways and P450 inhibitors should prove useful in identifying drug combinations that may require dose adjustments in @entity235 .

title: @entity235 @entity24183 metabolizes and is inhibited by anesthetic agents often co-administered in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity8998 :: ('MESH:D020926', 'Chemical') :: ['Medetomidine', 'medetomidine']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We report on a @entity1 with a @entity9 syndrome, including elements of @entity4254 , @entity5587 , and @entity1282 . After failing medical and surgical decompressive treatments, the @entity1 underwent implantation of a @entity550 ( @entity550 ) system. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 54-year-old @entity1 presented with a 14-year history of left-sided @entity158 , @entity158 , and associated @entity390 and @entity391 . The @entity1 failed several open surgical and percutaneous procedures for her @entity158 . Additionally, several medication trial attempts were unsuccessful. Imaging studies were normal. INTERVENTION: The @entity1 underwent placement of a right-sided @entity550 system for treatment of her @entity9 syndrome. The procedure was tolerated well, and the trial stimulator provided promising results. The permanent @entity550 generator needed to be reprogrammed at the time of the 5-week follow-up visit to optimize symptom relief. The @entity1 demonstrated dramatic improvements in her @entity9 , including improvements in swallowing toleration, after the 5-week follow-up examination with subthreshold @entity550 . A decline in treatment efficacy also occurred 2 years after implantation due to generator depletion. Symptom improvement returned with stimulation after the generator was replaced. CONCLUSION: A novel implantable @entity550 system was used to treat this @entity1 's @entity9 . Durable improvements were noted not only in her @entity158 , but also in swallowing toleration. The ultimate role of @entity550 in the treatment of @entity158 conditions is still not well-defined but might play a part in refractory cases and, as in this case, might improve other functional issues, including @entity1282 .

title: @entity1282 and XXXX treated with @entity550 : case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['motor cortex stimulation', 'MCS']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity5587 :: ('MESH:D020435', 'Disease') :: ['glossopharyngeal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain syndrome', 'facial pain', 'throat pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic facial pain', 'neuropathic facial and oral pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic facial pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Auscultatory @entity349 sphygmomanometers to measure blood pressure (BP) have been banned from health services because of risk of pollution and environmental accidents with @entity349 . Aneroid appliances could be an alternative. OBJECTIVE: To validate the Missouri aneroid device for blood pressure measurement in @entity5 @entity1 according to the protocol of the European Society of @entity101 (ESH). METHODS: 33 @entity1 hospitalized or under outpatient care at the @entity5 Institute of the State of S  o Paulo, FMUSP, were evaluated. Three trained and blinded observers performed nine sequential blood pressure measurements interspersed with the @entity349 sphygmomanometers. The differences between the values of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure ( @entity11559 ) of the test device with the @entity349 sphygmomanometer were classified according to the ESH protocol. RESULTS: The Missouri equipment underwent all three phases required by the ESH Protocol for SBP and @entity11559 , and it was approved in all of the phases. The average difference between the test device and the @entity349 sphygmomanometer was 0.62 (SD = 4.53) and 0.06 (SD = 6.57) mmHg for SBP and @entity11559 , respectively. No association was found between the differences in BP measurements with sex, age, body mass index and arm circumference and length. CONCLUSION: The results revealed that the aneroid Missouri device meets ESH accuracy recommendations for the measurement of SBP and @entity11559 , and it can be used to replace the @entity349 sphygmomanometer.

title: Validation of Missouri aneroid sphygmomanometer to measure blood pressure in XXXX with @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Evidence from in vitro studies suggests that excitotoxic @entity528 can occur by either an acute or delayed mechanism. Studies of the acute mechanism in isolated @entity1573 embryo retina using histological methods indicate that this process is rapidly triggered by activation of @entity2227 receptors of either the @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) or non- @entity143 subtypes. The delayed mechanism, studied primarily in cortical and hippocampal cell cultures prepared from embryonic rodent brain, requires activation of @entity143 receptors. In these cell culture systems, stimulation of non- @entity143 receptors does not rapidly trigger delayed @entity528 , or does so only indirectly, via activation of @entity143 receptors secondary to @entity2227 release. To provide a more valid basis for comparison of these two mechanisms, we have modified the isolated @entity1573 embryo retina model to permit studies of delayed as well as @entity179 . Retinas maintained for 24 h exhibited no morphological or biochemical signs of damage. @entity989 was assessed by measuring @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) present in the medium at various times after exposure to agonists and normalized to total LDH in each retina. @entity2227 exposure (1 mM, 30 min) did not result in LDH release by the end of the exposure period, but LDH was released over the following 24 h. Briefer periods also led to substantial LDH release. Incubation in the presence of @entity143 , or the non- @entity143 agonists @entity4176 (KA) or @entity140 ( @entity140 ), led rapidly to delayed LDH release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX induced by excitatory amino acid agonists in isolated retina.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['acute excitotoxic neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal damage']

entities_list: @entity140 :: ('MESH:D018350', 'Chemical') :: ['AMPA', 'alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal degeneration']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['Delayed excitotoxic neurodegeneration']


abstract: 73 @entity1 admitted from day 0 to day 3 (D0 to D3) after a @entity510 and being in Hunt and Hess grades I to IV after @entity1756 , were studied. All admitted @entity1 were operated upon. The timing of surgery was neither systematic early nor systematic late surgery, but modulated surgery. @entity1 in good grades (I and II) and under 50 years of age were operated on early. @entity1 in poor grade and over 50 years of age were operated late. Other @entity1 were operated on preferably early if they were young, even in poor grade, or late if they were old even in good grade. The overall immediate outcome was: good and fair--85%, poor--4%, and death--11%. For those @entity1 operated on early after SAH (D0-3) the good and fair outcome rate went up to 90%. The long term outcome was evaluated after 1 year (from 1 to 6 years, average 1 year 8 months). 97% of @entity1 were available for follow-up. The long-term neurological outcome was identical to the immediate outcome. The resumption of activity was the criteria chosen to evaluate the long term outcome. The long term ability to work in 63 followed-up surviving @entity1 was: normal activity--57%, reduced level of activity--16%, no resumption of activity--27%. This rate of activity resumption was not improved in @entity1 operated on early. Among @entity1 with a good long term neurological outcome, only 67% resumed their previous activity at the same level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long term outcome after treatment of the @entity1756 : 73 cases admitted from day 0 to day 3 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']


abstract: @entity375 @entity22849 was one of the first longevity genes found. Subsequent analysis showed that it encodes a component of @entity2367 synthase. Homologs of @entity22849 have been identified in all eukaryotes examined for their presence, and multiple homologs are the norm. In @entity1 and @entity19 , the @entity22849 counterpart is called @entity22850 . The involvement of this gene in determining @entity375 replicative life span led us to ask whether longevity effects could be found in @entity2199 . Extended longevity was seen when we used RNAi to decrease expression of the worm homolog of @entity22849 , termed @entity22851 , for Homolog of @entity375 Longevity gene. In contrast, neither deletion of the gene nor overexpression resulted in life extension. There was no evidence that @entity22851 interacts with the insulin/IGF-1 like signaling pathway to specify longevity or dauer formation, nor were effects on stress resistance detected. Gene expression of @entity22851 homologs was altered in the deletion mutant and by RNAi, showing distinct evidence for compensation at the transcript level. These regulatory changes may explain the subtle phenotypic effects found under the conditions studied here.

title: Genetic analysis of @entity22851 , the XXXX homolog of LAG1/ @entity22850 .

entities_list: @entity2367 :: ('CHEBI:17761', 'Chemical') :: ['ceramide']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['C. elegans']


abstract: The effects of a controlled @entity4388 (S.B.) infusion on the acid-base balance of primiparas in normal labor and delivery were studied and compared to a similar control group of primiparas without S.B. infusion. Beginning at 6 cm cervical dilatation. 2mEq of S.B./kg of total body weight were infused to @entity1 in the study until full cervical dilatation. The dosage given to this group emerged from a study of base deficit dynamics and space distribution of S.B. in a control group of @entity1 during labor and delivery. Significant variations in pH, base excess, and plasma @entity3157 were observed, beginning 44 +/- 19 minutes after the S.B. infusion. These variations in acid-base parameters persisted for 10 minutes following delivery. While no adverse effects were observed in our @entity1 , this experimental design represents a preliminary approach toward correcting deleterious fetal acid-base variations during labor and delivery.

title: Controlled XXXX infusion and maternal acid--base balance during labor.

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

answer: @entity4388 :: (MESH:D017693,Chemical) :: ['sodium bicarbonate']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Perfusion CT has been used to assess the extent of blood-brain barrier breakdown. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive value of blood-brain barrier permeability measured using perfusion CT for development of @entity2500 requiring hemicraniectomy (HC). METHODS: We retrospectively identified @entity1 from our @entity64 registry who had @entity2500 and were evaluated with admission perfusion CT. Blood-brain barrier permeability and cerebral blood volume maps were generated and @entity1188 volumes calculated. Clinical and radiographic characteristics were compared between those who underwent HC versus those who did not undergo HC. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-two @entity1 (12 HC, 110 no HC) were identified. Twelve @entity1 who underwent HC had developed @entity4 , midline shift, or @entity1188 expansion. @entity1188 permeability area, @entity385 , and @entity1188 volumes were significantly different (P < 0.018, P < 0.0211, P < 0.0001, P < 0.0014) between HC and no HC groups. Age (P = 0.03) and admission National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (P = 0.0029) were found to be independent predictors for HC. Using logistic regression modeling, there was an association between increased @entity1188 permeability area and HC. The OR for HC based on a 5-, 10-, 15-, or 20-cm   increase in @entity1188 permeability area were 1.179, 1.390, 1.638, or 1.932, respectively (95% CI, 1.035 to 1.343, 1.071 to 1.804, 1.108 to 2.423, 1.146 to 3.255, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Increased @entity1188 permeability area is associated with an increased likelihood for undergoing HC. Because early HC for @entity2500 has been associated with better outcomes, the @entity1188 permeability area on admission perfusion CT might be a useful tool to predict @entity2500 and need for HC.

title: Increased blood-brain barrier permeability on perfusion CT might predict XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['malignant middle cerebral artery infarction', 'middle cerebral artery infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['infarct cerebral blood volume area']

answer: @entity2500 :: (MESH:D020244,Disease) :: ['malignant middle cerebral artery infarction']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to determine the duration of PRL treatment required to suppress estrous cyclicity and preovulatory LH surges and to ascertain whether such treatment affects cyclicity by altering @entity2922 activity and/or ovarian steroid secretion. @entity35 exhibiting 4-day estrous cycles were treated with ovine PRL (oPRL) or vehicle beginning on diestrous day 1 at 0900 h, diestrous day 2 at 2400 h, proestrus at 0600 h, or proestrus at 1200 h. Jugular veins of @entity35 were cannulated to the level of the right atrium on diestrous day 2. Unrestrained @entity35 were bled on proestrus. Preovulatory LH surges and ovulation were completely blocked, and vaginal cytology remained leukocytic on the expected day of proestrus and estrus when oPRL treatment was begun on diestrous day 1. Such treatment elevated @entity1420 levels beginning on diestrous day 2 and suppressed the preovulatory rise in @entity53 observed on proestrous morning and afternoon in control @entity35 . To determine the effect of oPRL on @entity2922 activity, @entity8490 was administered to groups of oPRL- or vehicle-treated @entity35 at 0900 or 1500 h on diestrous day 1, diestrous day 2, or proestrus. Animals were killed 0, 45, or 90 min later. @entity1063 and @entity935 concentrations were measured in the median eminence, suprachiasmatic nucleus, medial preoptic nucleus, striatum, ventral aspect of the stria terminalis, and posterior pituitary gland by radioenzymatic assay. Controls exhibited increased norepinephrine turnover rates in the median eminence, suprachiasmatic nucleus, and medial preoptic nucleus on proestrous afternoon concomitant with preovulatory LH surges. In contrast, oPRL-treated @entity35 showed no such increase. In addition, median eminence @entity935 turnover rates were elevated beginning on the afternoon of diestrous day 1 in oPRL-treated @entity35 compared to control values. No other differences in @entity1063 and @entity935 turnover rates were observed in oPRL-treated @entity35 compared with controls in any other brain area on any day examined. Thus, the data indicate that elevated PRL concentrations have profound effects on reproductive cyclicity by disrupting ovarian @entity134 secretion and essential preovulatory neurochemical events in selected brain areas involved in the regulation of LHRH.

title: Effects of hyperprolactinemia on estrous cyclicity, serum luteinizing hormone, prolactin, XXXX , and @entity1420 concentrations, and @entity2922 activity in microdissected brain areas.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity8490 :: ('CHEBI:6912', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-methylparatyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Norepinephrine', 'norepinephrine']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early reports of the surgical management of posterior @entity1653 (PCFM) yielded poor results with high rates of mortality and morbidity. With the advent of modern neuroimaging and microsurgical techniques the results of surgery have improved markedly, but despite these advances removal of these lesions remains a challenge. METHODS: The results of the surgical treatment of @entity1653 were examined with the aim to identify particular features associated with increased mortality and morbidity. RESULTS: Of 713 @entity1 with @entity1653 , 52 @entity1 were identified with PCFM. Total macroscopic excision was achieved in 44 @entity1 (84%). @entity260 occurred in 28 @entity1 (54%) with permanent sequelae in 18 (35%). There were no mortalities in the immediate postoperative period. Follow-up ranged from 14 to 174 months (mean 42), @entity5 has recurred in 11 @entity1 (21%) with a long-term mortality of 11%. At their latest follow-up 41 (79%) of @entity1 achieved Glasgow outcome scores of 4 or 5. CONCLUSIONS: Total excision of @entity5 should remain the goal of treatment in @entity1 with PCFM. Despite the recent advances in preoperative planning and surgical techniques, the morbidity associated with surgery remains significant. Notwithstanding, the majority of @entity1 achieve a good outcome with surgical treatment.

title: XXXX : surgical experience in 52 cases.

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['PCF meningiomas', 'meningioma', 'cranial fossa meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['Posterior fossa meningiomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although several mechanisms underlying the @entity565 - @entity28 connection have been proposed, debates still remain. This study was to determine whether overweight is associated with a higher prevalence of @entity402 , @entity565 symptoms, @entity1224 , @entity2488 ( @entity2488 ) or biomarkers of @entity32 in a sample of Korean adolescents. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey involving questionnaires, skin tests, spirometry and @entity2710 challenge tests among 717 adolescents from Seoul (South Korea). Overweight status was defined as a BMI greater than the local age- and gender-specific 85th percentile. RESULTS: Overweight subjects more frequently reported ever having wheezing (24.6 vs. 14.0%, p = 0.001) and wheezing in the previous 12 months (11.5 vs. 6.3%, p = 0.02) than normal-weight subjects, especially in @entity1 . Atopy was more common among overweight adolescents than among those of normal weight (61.5 vs. 49.2%, p = 0.002), especially in @entity1 (65.0 vs. 52.8%, p = 0.005). Overweight subjects had higher total WBC counts and eosinophil counts, especially @entity1 . The presence of @entity2488 was more common only among overweight @entity1 (32.8 vs. 18.0%, p = 0.028). Overweight status was a significant risk factor for the presence of @entity402 (odds ratio = 1.49; 95% CI 1.06-2.10), after adjusting for various confounders by logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: An association was found between overweight status and both @entity402 and an increased prevalence of wheezing in adolescent Korean @entity1 . These findings suggest that being overweight in puberty may be one of several risk factors responsible for @entity402 , @entity2488 , and @entity565 symptoms.

title: Association between @entity28 and the prevalence of allergic diseases, @entity402 , and XXXX in Korean adolescents.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['BHR', 'bronchial hyperresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity2488 :: (MESH:D001982,Disease) :: ['bronchial hyperresponsiveness']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the relation of @entity417 in noncyanotic @entity299 ( @entity299 ) to functional capacity and mortality. BACKGROUND: @entity417 is common in acquired @entity712 and affects prognosis. The presence of @entity417 and its relation to outcome in @entity299 remain unknown. METHODS: Data were collected on consecutive noncyanotic @entity299 @entity1 attending our tertiary center between 2001 and 2006 in whom hemoglobin concentration was measured. @entity417 was defined as hemoglobin concentration <13 g/dl in males and <12 g/dl in females. Cyanotic @entity1 were excluded to avoid confounding from secondary erythrocytosis. RESULTS: Overall, 830 noncyanotic @entity299 @entity1 (age 36.5 +/- 15.0 years, 49.6% male) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of @entity417 was 13.1% and was highest in @entity1 with @entity4263 and @entity4924 of the tricuspid valve. Anemic @entity1 were more likely to be receiving diuretics (p < 0.0001) and have a lower mean corpuscular volume (p = 0.0001), with a trend toward a higher New York Heart Association functional class (p = 0.06). During a median follow-up of 47 months, 55 @entity1 died. Anemic @entity1 had a 3-fold higher mortality risk compared with nonanemic @entity1 , even after propensity score adjustment for clinical variables such as systemic ventricular function, @entity8 , and diuretic therapy (adjusted hazard ratio: 3.00; 95% confidence interval: 1.46 to 6.13). CONCLUSIONS: @entity417 is not uncommon in @entity299 @entity1 attending tertiary services and is associated with a 3-fold increased risk of @entity204 . Screening for @entity417 should be part of the routine assessment of @entity299 @entity1 for risk stratification and treatment when correctable causes are identified.

title: @entity417 in XXXX relates to adverse outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity4924 :: ('MESH:D004437', 'Disease') :: ['Ebstein anomaly']

entities_list: @entity4263 :: ('MESH:C535426', 'Disease') :: ['congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['adults with congenital heart disease', 'ACHD']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['adults with congenital heart disease']


abstract: @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) and graft rejection are major problems following intestinal transplantation (IT). Natural killer (NK) cells may be important effector cells in both conditions. In this study, Sprague-Dawley (SD) or SD-Brown Norway (BN) F1 @entity35 intestine was transplanted into BN recipients with and without associated graft mesenteric lymphadenectomy (GML). @entity205 (15 mg/kg day) was administered to all animals. Pieces of the intestinal graft were examined 4 days posttransplant and again at @entity204 . NK activity calculated using intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IL) was determined utilizing an 18-hr cytotoxic assay assessing 51Cr release and the results are reported as lytic units. YAC-1 cells were used as the target. NK activity was reduced 4 days after IT both in native (8.02 +/- 0.64) and in grafted bowel (3.14 +/- 1.51), with histological evidence of rejection as compared with that of control bowel in ungrafted @entity35 (21.1 +/- 2.14). Survival was increased, on mean, a total of 6 days with the addition of GML in both semiallogenic and allogenic transplanted @entity35 . At the time of @entity204 , the NK activity in the native bowel had increased (17.1 +/- 3.02) and histologic evidence of @entity2132 was present. These data suggest that: (1) NK cells are important in @entity2132 and (2) both semiallogenic and allogenic transplants survive longer if they are combined with GML (P < or = 0.05 and P < or = 0.01, respectively).

title: NK activity during graft-versus-host disease and graft rejection in XXXX following intestinal semiallogenic and allogenic transplantation with or without mesenteric lymphadenectomy.

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'Graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no consensus as to whether @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ) is a cause of @entity1184 ( @entity1184 ). This study evaluated the role of @entity566 in @entity1184 , and it explored the role of nasal endoscopy and the history of diagnosing @entity2023 in @entity1 empirically. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study enrolled 155 @entity1 consecutively in   zmir Behcet Uz @entity1 s Hospital between January and September 2013. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 , 101 (65.2%) had a positive skin prick test. Multiple allergen sensitivity was identified in 76 (75.2%) of these @entity1 . The history items of itching and sneezing had predictive value for empirically diagnosing @entity2023 in @entity1 . Of the nasal examination findings, only the nasal secretion characteristics had significant predictive value. @entity1184 and @entity2023 had a significant negative correlation. CONCLUSION: In this study, @entity1184 and @entity2023 were inversely related. The characteristics of the nasal secretions, itching, sneezing, were predictors of @entity2023 in @entity1 .

title: Chicken or the egg: the dilemma of @entity2023 versus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['AH', 'adenoid hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'allergic rhinitis']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['adenoid hypertrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To monitor the efficacy and safety of @entity3477 in @entity1729 ( @entity1729 ) focussing on acute exacerbations of @entity3311 (AECB). METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1729 could be enrolled in this open-label, prospective, non-controlled post-marketing surveillance study from October 2001 until June 2002 unless @entity3477 was contraindicated. At the initial visit, data were recorded on @entity1 demographics, diagnosis and clinical symptoms. Two follow-up examinations could be performed to determine cure or improvement based on clinical symptoms, and to record adverse events. Clinical symptoms including fever, cough and purulent sputum were assessed individually. Efficacy, tolerability and @entity1 acceptance were assessed globally at the final visit. RESULTS: Of 9036 enrolled @entity1 , 4328 had AECB, most of whom were treated with @entity3477 at a daily dose of 400mg. Mean +/- SD time to clinical improvement was 3.4 +/- 1.5 days, and mean +/- SD time to clinical cure was 6.6 +/- 2.4 days. Cure rates were 39.4% at day 5 and 94.3% at day 10. By day 6, the proportion of @entity1 with severe cough decreased from 85.4% at the initial visit to 6.9%, and those with severe dyspnoea from 22.5% to 1.2%. Purulent sputum was absent within 4 days in the majority of cases. Physicians rated efficacy, tolerability and @entity1 acceptance as 'very good' or 'good' in approximately 95% of @entity1 . There were 59 adverse events in 44 (1.0%) @entity1 , most frequently @entity344 . CONCLUSIONS: This study further confirms that AECB @entity1 treated with @entity3477 benefit from more rapid symptom relief and that this therapy option is well accepted in general practice.

title: Daily-practice treatment of acute exacerbations of XXXX with @entity3477 in a large cohort in Germany.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3477 :: ('MESH:C104727', 'Chemical') :: ['moxifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity3311 :: ('MESH:D029481', 'Disease') :: ['chronic bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal and nervous system disorders']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections', 'RTIs']

answer: @entity3311 :: (MESH:D029481,Disease) :: ['chronic bronchitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Based on results of a prospective randomized trial, brachytherapy (BRT) had been the preferred form of adjuvant radiotherapy for @entity1 with high-grade extremity soft @entity242 (STS) at our institution. In recent years, intensity-modulated radiotherapy IMRT had been increasingly used. This study compared local control by IMRT versus by BRT in primary-extremity STS. METHODS: Between January 1995 and December 2006, 134 adult @entity1 with high-grade primary nonmetastatic STS of the extremity were treated at this institution with limb-sparing surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy (RT). Low-dose-rate BRT was given to 71 @entity1 between January 1995 and November 2003 to a median dose of 45 Gray (Gy). IMRT was given between February 2002 and December 2006: preoperatively to 10 (50 Gy) and postoperatively to 53 (median, 63 Gy). Median follow-up was 46 months. RESULTS: Treatment groups were comparable in terms of gender, age, site, depth, histology ( @entity1418 vs other), and use of adjuvant chemotherapy. More IMRT @entity1 had positive/close margins (<1 mm), large @entity5 (>10 cm), and bone or nerve stripping/resection (P = 0.006, 0.005, 0.02, and 0.002, respectively). Median follow-up was 46 months for IMRT and 47 months for BRT. Five-year local control was 92% (95% confidence interval [CI], 85-100) for IMRT versus 81% (95% CI, 71-90) for BRT, P = 0.04. On multivariate analysis, IMRT was the only predictor of improved local control, P = 0.04. CONCLUSIONS: Local control with IMRT was significantly better than BRT despite higher rates of adverse features for IMRT in this nonrandomized comparison. IMRT should be further examined as the treatment of choice for primary high-grade extremity @entity242 .

title: Local control comparison of adjuvant brachytherapy to intensity-modulated radiotherapy in primary high-grade XXXX of the extremity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'tissue sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['malignant fibrous histiocytoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of multiple focal pure ground-glass opacities (GGOs) on high-resolution CT images of @entity1 with @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cases of 23 @entity1 with @entity2 and associated multiple focal pure GGOs on high-resolution CT images were retrospectively reviewed. The number, size, distribution, and morphologic characteristics of focal pure GGOs were evaluated. Serial changes in focal pure GGOs that were not surgically resected were analyzed at follow-up high-resolution CT. RESULTS: The number of focal pure GGOs was 196 in total. The size of the opacities ranged from 2 to 30 mm in largest diameter. @entity2 and focal pure GGOs were seen in the same lobe and/or in the other lobes. One hundred seventy-one of the @entity75 (87%) had a well-defined border or round shape. Histologic findings were obtained for 15 @entity75 representing 74 focal pure GGOs that were surgically resected: 11 @entity1412 @entity75 , three @entity133 , and one lesion of focal @entity82 . In 110 of the cases of focal pure GGOs, all of which were followed up with HRCT for a median duration of 1,351 days, the size of 105 @entity75 (95%) did not change, the size of one decreased, and four @entity75 disappeared. CONCLUSION: The size of most focal pure GGOs associated with @entity2 did not change during the follow-up period. Most of the small number of @entity75 histologically diagnosed were @entity1412 or @entity133 . These data justify the therapeutic strategy of resecting the @entity5 without therapeutic intervention in the remaining focal pure GGOs.

title: Multiple focal pure ground-glass opacities on high-resolution CT images: Clinical significance in XXXX with @entity2 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer', 'proven lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['bronchioloalveolar carcinomas', 'bronchioloalveolar carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['atypical adenomatous hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Evidence obtained from @entity1 @entity302 tissue maintained in vitro indicates that the subiculum may play a crucial role in initiating @entity302 in @entity1 with mesial @entity1315 . Hence, we used @entity35 hippocampus-entorhinal cortex (EC) slices to identify the role of subiculum in epileptiform synchronization during bath application of @entity973 ( @entity974 , 50 microM). In these slices, fast @entity1251 -driven interictal-like events were restricted to the hippocampal @entity1251 / @entity1249 areas and failed to propagate to the EC where @entity302 were recorded. However, antagonizing @entity1246 (A) receptors with @entity5094 (50 microM) made @entity1251 -driven interictal activity spread to EC. Sequential field potential analysis along the @entity1251 - @entity1249 -subiculum axis revealed that the amplitude of @entity1251 -driven interictal discharges recorded in the presence of @entity974 only diminished within the subiculum. Furthermore, @entity1249 electrical stimulation under control conditions elicited little or no subicular activation and never any response in EC; in contrast, robust subicular discharges that spread to EC could be evoked after @entity5094 . Intracellular recordings indicated that potentiation by @entity5094 was associated with blockade of hyperpolarizing IPSPs in subicular cells. Finally, when surgically isolated from adjacent structures, the subiculum generated low-amplitude synchronous discharges that corresponded to an intracellular hyperpolarization-depolarization sequence, were resistant to glutamatergic antagonists, and represented the activity of synchronized interneuronal networks. Bath application of @entity5094 abolished these @entity974 -induced events and in their place robust network bursting occurred. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the subiculum plays a powerful gating role on hippocampal output activity. This function depends on @entity1246 (A) receptor-mediated inhibition and controls hippocampal-parahippocampal interactions that are known to modulate limbic @entity410 .

title: XXXX subicular networks gate hippocampal output activity in an in vitro model of limbic @entity410 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'slow interictal-like and ictal-like epileptiform discharges', 'epileptiform discharges']

entities_list: @entity5094 :: ('MESH:D010852', 'Chemical') :: ['picrotoxin']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effectiveness of @entity6927 blockade in the treatment of @entity1876 in the @entity602 ( @entity602 ) @entity1 . We evaluated @entity7477 , a selective @entity6927 blocker, in 15 normotensive @entity602 @entity1 . @entity1690 ( @entity1690 ), without @entity1876 or prostate, was documented in all @entity1 using video-urodynamic evaluation. Urodynamic testing was performed both before and during treatment with @entity7477 (5 mg nightly). Voiding pressure before and during @entity7477 therapy averaged 92 +/- 17 and 88 +/- 27 cm @entity2507 , respectively (p = 0.48). After subsequent external sphincterotomy or sphincter stent placement, the voiding pressure was reduced to 38 +/- 15 cm @entity2507 (p < 0.001). Nine other @entity1 suffered from persistent @entity4764 voiding after previous sphincterotomy. Each was subsequently treated with oral @entity7477 . In five @entity1 who improved with this treatment, urodynamic parameters demonstrated obstruction only at the bladder neck, with no evidence of obstruction at the level of the external sphincter. The four @entity1 who failed to improve were documented to have an open bladder neck but obstruction at the level of the external sphincter. Our data show that @entity6927 sympathetic blockade has no effect on external sphincter function and does not significantly relieve functional obstruction caused by @entity1690 . It was also noted that @entity7477 is helpful in diagnosing and treating internal sphincter (bladder neck and prostate) obstruction especially in @entity1 who have persistent @entity4764 voiding after external sphincterotomy.

title: Clinical effect of XXXX antagonism by @entity7477 on external and internal urinary sphincter function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['Detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia', 'DESD']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['SCI', 'spinal cord injured']

entities_list: @entity7477 :: ('MESH:C041226', 'Chemical') :: ['terazosin']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['bladder outlet obstruction', 'obstruction of the bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity4764 :: ('MESH:D051346', 'Disease') :: ['difficulty']

answer: @entity6927 :: (146,Gene) :: ['alpha-1']


abstract: Increased production of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) from mitochondria is the main cause of @entity1602 complications. We previously showed that @entity1602 conditions induce @entity2383 that is causal for ROS overproduction. This study was to identify signaling components that induce @entity2383 in high- @entity413 stimulation. We found that exposing cells to the high- @entity413 concentration evokes increases in cytosolic @entity141 . Chelating @entity141 in the high- @entity413 medium prevented not only the @entity141 transient but also @entity2383 and the ROS increase, indicating that the @entity141 influx across the plasma membrane is an upstream event governing mitochondrial fission and the ROS generation in high- @entity413 stimulation. We found that the high- @entity413 -induced @entity141 increase activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase @entity3962 ( @entity1366 ). The @entity141 chelation prevented the @entity1366 activation, and inhibition of the @entity1366 phosphorylation decreased @entity2383 as well as ROS levels in high- @entity413 stimulation. In addition, the level of the mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-like protein 1 in mitochondria increased in high- @entity413 incubation in a @entity141 -dependent manner. In vitro kinase assays showed that @entity1366 is capable of phosphorylating dynamin-like protein 1. These results demonstrate that high- @entity413 stimulation induces the activation of mitochondrial fission via signals mediated by intracellular @entity141 and @entity1366 .

title: High- @entity413 stimulation increases reactive XXXX species production through the calcium and mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated activation of mitochondrial fission.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3962 :: ('5594;5595', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial fragmentation']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Fifty-four @entity1 with @entity81 treated with surgery, surgery and planned post-operative radiotherapy, or radiotherapy alone between 1936 and 1982 have been retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-seven @entity1 had a previous excision before definitive treatment. All @entity1 in whom surgery was known to be incomplete and who had no further treatment relapsed. Nine @entity1 had a complete surgical excision alone and 1 relapsed. Twenty-nine @entity1 were treated with surgery and post-operative radiotherapy and 7 relapsed. Relapse was associated with small field size, orthovoltage irradiation, and doses less than 50 Gy. Radiotherapy was effective in preventing relapse in 6 of 8 cases incompletely excised and in all of these cases the total dose was more than 50 Gy. In 13 assessable @entity1 with clinically evident disease, 14 fields were treated with radiotherapy. Complete response was achieved in 9 fields (although one subsequently relapsed and 2 had a marginal relapse), partial response in 4, and @entity66 in one. Complete resolution took up to 21 months and total doses ranged from 35.2 Gy to 64 Gy. Radiotherapy is indicated in cases of incomplete excision and inoperable disease. Doses should be radical and fields should be sufficiently generous to encompass the anatomical limits of the infiltrated tissues.

title: Radiotherapy and conservative surgery in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['musculo-aponeurotic fibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease stasis']

answer: @entity81 :: (MESH:D005350,Disease) :: ['musculo-aponeurotic fibromatosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2857 is the only drug that has shown a survival benefit in @entity1 with @entity157 in randomized Phase 3 trials. The efficacy and safety of @entity2857 in the treatment of recurrent @entity157 after liver transplantation, however, has not been determined. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 13 @entity1 who were treated with @entity2857 for recurrent @entity157 after liver transplantation. RESULTS: The median time to recurrence from liver transplantation was 12.3 months (95% confidence interval: 8.5-16.1 months). Six of 10 evaluable @entity1 showed stable disease, which was the best response and the median duration of stabilization was 3.9 months (95% confidence interval: 1.6-6.2 months). At a median follow-up duration of 3.7 months (range: 0.3-10.9 months) in surviving @entity1 , the median time to progression and the median overall survival from commencement of @entity2857 were 2.9 months (95% confidence interval: 0.0-6.8 months) and 5.4 months (95% confidence interval: 3.7-7.0 months), respectively. Grade 3 @entity1398 was observed in one @entity1 , which was the only high-grade hematologic @entity137 observed. Grade 3 hand-foot skin reactions were observed in three @entity1 . Adverse events could be managed with dose adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that @entity2857 may be a feasible treatment option regarding its efficacy and safety for recurrent @entity157 after liver transplantation.

title: XXXX for recurrent @entity157 after liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib', 'Sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity2857 :: (MESH:C471405,Chemical) :: ['Sorafenib']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study whether the methodological change from parent to index subject as questionnaire respondent affected the prevalence estimates and risk factor patterns for @entity56 in a longitudinal study. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A prospective study of @entity565 and @entity56 among @entity1 was begun in 1996 within the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden Study. In 2002, about 3,342 (95% of invited) teenagers (13 to 14 years) completed the annual questionnaire. A random sample of 294 (84% of invited) parents also completed the same extended International Study of @entity566 in Childhood questionnaire. Skin prick tests were performed in 1996 and 2000. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the prevalence of @entity2490 , @entity484 , or related environmental factors between parental and self-reports, except for the question of having a @entity235 at home. The absolute agreement was high, whereas the kappa values were fair or moderate. Kappa values of questions regarding parental smoking were 0.8-0.9. Allergic sensitization was the major risk factor for both @entity2490 and @entity484 , and the odds ratios were similar regardless of who reported the condition. CONCLUSION: The agreement between the parental and teenagers' reports was good, and the methodological change did not affect the study results.

title: Good agreement between parental and self-completed questionnaires about XXXX and environmental factors in teenagers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['Asthma and Allergies']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic diseases']


abstract: PURPOSE: We tested the efficacy of dual targeting of @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) and the alpha(V)beta(3) integrin in orthotopic @entity19 models of @entity43 . RESULTS: In the SKOV3ip1 model, both single-agent bevacizumab and etaracizumab reduced @entity5 growth by 52-63% (p < 0.05), while combined therapy reduced growth by 63-74% compared to either agent alone (p < 0.05). Furthermore, bevacizumab/ @entity1311 was superior to @entity1311 alone (weight reduction by 53%, p < 0.05), but etaracizumab/ @entity1311 was not. Combining all three agents was more effective than either agent with @entity1311 (p < 0.05). Significantly, both bevacizumab and etaracizumab each sensitized the @entity3907 -resistant SKOV3TRip2 cells to @entity1311 , reducing growth by 56-73% (p < 0.05). Both agents decreased proliferation and microvessel density, and increased apoptosis, alone and in combination with @entity1311 . In the HeyA8 model, there was significantly reduced growth with bevacizumab treatment, but not with etaracizumab, and combination therapy was not superior to bevacizumab alone. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In vivo therapy experiments were conducted in chemo-sensitive (SKOV3ip1, HeyA8) and -resistant (SKOV3TRip2) @entity43 models. @entity1611 was targeted with bevacizumab and alpha(V)beta(3) with etaracizumab. @entity19 were treated with each agent alone, together, or in combination with @entity1311 for assessment of @entity5 growth. Tumor specimens were tested for proliferative index, microvessel density and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: Bevacizumab and etaracizumab are more effective in combination than individually in some @entity43 models, but not all. Both can sensitize @entity3907 -resistant @entity43 cells to @entity1311 , though bevacizumab was superior to etaracizumab in this regard. Further study of this dual anti-angiogenic therapy is warranted.

title: Combined anti-angiogenic therapy against XXXX and integrin alphaVbeta3 in an orthotopic model of @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity1611 :: (22339(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['VEGF']


abstract: @entity18778 (SLO) is a representative of the family of @entity165 -binding cytolysins that form large pores in target cell membranes. Aggregation of the toxin to polymeric structures is required for pore formation. However, it is not known whether, vice versa, polymers may under certain circumstances remain nonfunctional, and whether this might be the cause underlying the relative resistance of certain cells towards toxin action. In the present study, we applied radioiodinated, functionally active SLO to @entity1 , @entity95 , and @entity19 erythrocytes and to @entity1 fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Binding and polymerization were quantified and correlated with membrane damage. At low toxin concentrations, @entity1 and @entity95 but not @entity19 erythrocytes were lysed, but binding and polymerization of SLO were essentially identical in all cases. Nonlytic polymers were also detected on @entity1 fibroblasts and keratinocytes treated with subcytotoxic concentrations of SLO, and quantitative estimates indicated that nonpermeabilized cells could carry hundreds of polymers on their surface. When applied at low concentrations to fibroblasts, much of the toxin remained in monomer form and was subsequently shed from the cells. This was shown by monitoring the fate of radioiodinated toxin and also by using a sensitive cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that permitted immunological detection of surface-exposed SLO. Thus, relative resistance of cells towards the permeabilizing action of SLO may be due to their ability to tolerate formation of a limited number of SLO polymers and to shedding of nonoligomerized toxin from their surface.

title: Binding, oligomerization, and pore formation by XXXX in erythrocytes and fibroblast membranes: detection of nonlytic polymers.

entities_list: @entity18778 :: ('MESH:C025964', 'Chemical') :: ['Streptolysin O']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity18778 :: (MESH:C025964,Chemical) :: ['streptolysin O']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Regulated alterations in @entity19279 expression have been shown to be integral to acute wound repair. Down-regulation of the gap junction protein @entity495 at the wound edge has been correlated to keratinocyte and fibroblast migration, whilst abnormal over-expression of @entity495 significantly perturbs healing as shown in the @entity3839 @entity6 rodent @entity73 model. OBJECTIVES: We wished to examine the protein expression levels of @entity495 , in addition to connexins 26 and 30,in a variety of @entity1 chronic wounds. METHODS: Wound edge punch biopsies and a matched arm control were taken from a cohort of @entity1 with venous leg, @entity4760 . Wound @entity19279 expression in each @entity1 was compared to that in a matched, non-wounded arm punch. Tissue was sectioned, stained and imaged by confocal microscopy using identical parameters per @entity1 to permit quantification. RESULTS: Epidermal @entity495 , @entity3492 and @entity4700 and dermal @entity495 were discovered to be strikingly up-regulated in every ulcer from all three wound types, pointing to @entity19279 up-regulation as a common feature between chronic wounds. CONCLUSION: This result supports efforts to target @entity495 to promote cell migration and wound healing in chronic @entity1066 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Abnormal @entity19279 expression in XXXX chronic wounds.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired healing']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot or pressure ulcers']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We previously identified a distinct mutation pattern in the antibody genes of B cells isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that can identify @entity1 who have relapsing-remitting @entity15 (RRMS) and @entity1 with clinically isolated syndromes who will convert to RRMS. This @entity74 ( @entity74 ) was developed using Sanger sequencing of single B cells. While potentially helpful to @entity1 , Sanger sequencing is not an assay that can be practically deployed in clinical settings. In order to provide @entity74 evaluations to @entity1 as part of their diagnostic workup, we developed protocols to generate @entity74 scores using next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS) on CSF-derived cell pellets without the need to isolate single cells. This approach has the potential to increase the coverage of the B-cell population being analyzed, reduce the time needed to generate @entity74 scores, and may improve the overall performance of the @entity74 approach as a diagnostic test in the future. However, no investigations have focused on whether NGS-based repertoires will properly reflect antibody gene frequencies and somatic hypermutation patterns defined by Sanger sequencing. To address this issue, we isolated paired CSF samples from eight @entity1 who either had @entity15 or were at risk to develop @entity15 . Here, we present data that antibody gene frequencies and somatic hypermutation patterns are similar in Sanger and NGS-based antibody repertoires from these paired CSF samples. In addition, @entity74 scores derived from the NGS database correctly identified the @entity1 who initially had or subsequently converted to RRMS, with precision similar to that of the Sanger sequencing approach. Further investigation of the utility of the @entity74 in predicting conversion to @entity15 using NGS-derived antibody repertoires in a larger cohort of @entity1 is warranted.

title: The antibody genetics of XXXX : comparing next-generation sequencing to sanger sequencing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['antibody gene signature', 'AGS']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: @entity1653 are cytogenetically heterogeneous @entity5 in which chromosome gains and losses frequently occur. Based on the intertumoral cytogenetic heterogeneity of @entity1653 , hypothetical models of @entity2214 have been proposed in these @entity5 which have never been confirmed at the intratumoral cell level. The aim of this study was to establish the intratumoral patterns of @entity2214 associated with chromosomal instability in individual @entity1 as a way to establish @entity5 progression pathways in @entity1653 and their relationship with @entity5 histopathology and behavior. A total of 125 @entity1653 @entity1 were analyzed at diagnosis. In all cases, multicolor interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (iFISH) studies were performed on fresh @entity5 samples for the detection of quantitative abnormalities for 11 different chromosomes. In addition, overall @entity5 cell DNA content was measured in parallel by flow cytometry. iFISH studies were also performed in parallel on tissue sections in a subset of 30 @entity1 . FISH studies showed that 56 (45%) of the 125 cases analyzed had a @entity5 cell clone, all these cases corresponding to histologically benign grade I @entity5 . In the remaining cases (55%) more than one @entity5 cell clone was identified: two in 45 cases (36%), three in 19 (15%), and four or more clones in five cases (4%). Overall, flow cytometric analysis of cell DNA contents showed the presence of DNA aneuploidy in 44 of these cases (35%), 30% corresponding to DNA hyperdiploid and 5% to hypodiploid cases; from the DNA aneuploid cases, 35 (28%) showed two clones and 9 (7%) had three or more clones. A high degree of correlation (r >/= 0.89; P < 0.001) was found between FISH and flow cytometry as regards the overall quantitative DNA changes detected with both techniques, the former being more sensitive. Among the cases with @entity2008 , the @entity5 cell clone observed was frequently characterized by the loss of one or more chromosomes (64% of all @entity1653 ); loss of either a single chromosome 22 or, less frequently, of a sex chromosome (X or Y) and @entity24965 ) was commonly found as the single initial cytogenetic aberration (30%, 5%, and 5% of the cases, respectively). Interestingly, an isolated @entity393 was only found as the initial abnormality in one out of 14 atypical/ @entity1653 , while the same cytogenetic pattern was present in the ancestral @entity5 cell clone of 32% of the @entity5 . Cytogenetic patterns based on chromosome gains were found in the ancestral @entity5 cell clone in 4% of the @entity1 , 2% corresponding to @entity5 . Overall, cytogenetic evolution of the @entity5 cell clones was frequently associated with tetraploidization (31%). Our results show that @entity1653 are genetically heterogeneous @entity5 that display different patterns of numerical chromosome changes, with the presence of more than one @entity5 cell clone detected in almost half of the cases including all atypical/anaplastic cases. Interestingly, the pathways of intratumoral @entity2214 observed in the @entity5 were different from those observed in atypical/ @entity1653 , suggesting that the @entity5 might not always represent a more advanced stage of histologically benign @entity1653 .

title: Intratumoral patterns of XXXX in @entity1653 as defined by multicolor interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH): is there a relationship between histopathologically benign and atypical/anaplastic lesions?

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['clonal evolution']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['latter tumors', 'tumor', 'earliest tumor', 'tetraploid tumors', 'single tumor', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['Meningiomas', 'anaplastic meningiomas', 'meningioma', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of chromosome 22']

answer: @entity2214 :: (MESH:D007945,Disease) :: ['clonal evolution']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Based on 10 years of experience with chromoendoscopy, our hypothesis was that @entity1586 can be differentiated from @entity1127 by use of a high-pressure spray-jet of dye (pressure dye-spray). To test the accuracy of pressure dye-spray, classification of colonic @entity1127 as @entity652 and @entity1127 by pressure dye-spray and ordinary colonoscopic findings (shape, size, and color surface appearance) were compared. METHODS: Pressure dye-spray chromoendoscopy was performed by using 0.035% indigo carmine, a spray-type cannula, and a water pump. @entity1127 were first classified as @entity652 or @entity1127 by ordinary colonoscopic findings. One or more pressure dye-spray bursts were then focused on the polyp from a distance of 1 to 2 cm. @entity1127 were classified as @entity652 only if oozing of blood was evident; otherwise, they were classified as @entity1127 . A histologic diagnosis was obtained for all @entity1127 , and the results of ordinary colonoscopic findings and pressure dye-spray were compared. RESULTS: This study examined 1468 @entity1127 (1201 @entity652 , 267 @entity1127 ; mean diameter 4 mm). The sensitivities for polyp differentiation with pressure dye-spray and ordinary colonoscopic findings were, respectively, 97.9% and 73.4% (p < 0.0001); specificities were, respectively, 96.6% and 92.1% (p = 0.077). CONCLUSIONS: Pressure dye-spray was found to be a reliable technique for differentiation between @entity652 and @entity1127 .

title: Pressure dye-spray: a simple and reliable method for differentiating XXXX from @entity1586 .

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['polyps', 'hyperplastic polyps', 'Polyps']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic adenomas']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenomas']


abstract: Recent reports concerning the treatment of @entity6675 suggest that primary closure results in more rapid return of gastrointestinal function, a shortened hospitalization, diminished perinatal complications, and improved long-term survival. A 4-year retrospective review of @entity1 treated for @entity6675 at the University of Florida yielded 30 @entity1 requiring repair of this abdominal wall defect. The series included 19 males and 11 females, and the average abdominal wall defect measured 4 cm in its greatest dimension. Nine @entity1 (mean weight, 2,275 gm) were repaired using a staged closure using a silastic (six) or cutaneous (three) silo. @entity4438 was accomplished in an average of 8 days in the silastic group and 15 days in the @entity1 with skin flaps. Mean age at start of enteral feeds was 23 days, with complete oral feedings at 43 days. Twenty-one @entity1 (mean weight, 2,127 gm) underwent primary @entity4438 . Three @entity204 occurred in the perioperative period: one from @entity810 and two from sepsis secondary to a segment of necrotic intestine. An additional @entity1 developed @entity86 but recovered. Two @entity1 in this group also had jejuno-ileal @entity1146 requiring extensive small bowel resection. In the remaining 15 @entity1 , oral alimentation was initiated for an average of 23 days, with full oral alimentation at 46 days. The data suggest that the recovery of the gastrointestinal system, adequate enough to support total oral alimentation, is unrelated to the initial surgical procedure chosen to obtain @entity4438 in the newborn with @entity6675 . In addition, vigorous attempts at primary @entity4438 may jeopardize intestinal viability, diminish ventilatory function, and result in unnecessary morbidity and mortality.

title: The effect of initial operative repair on the recovery of intestinal function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity4438 :: ('MESH:C563219', 'Disease') :: ['Complete fascial closure', 'fascial closure']

entities_list: @entity6675 :: ('MESH:D020139', 'Disease') :: ['gastroschisis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative necrotizing entercolitis']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

answer: @entity6675 :: (MESH:D020139,Disease) :: ['gastroschisis']


abstract: @entity6169 ( @entity3229 -y) has been shown to play an important role in the control of immunological and inflammatory responses. This study aims at investigating the potential role of @entity6170 , a strong @entity3229 -y agonist in a @entity19 model of @entity565 . METHODS: Adult male @entity840 were administered ovalbumin 100   mg/kg subcutaneous (SC) and 100   mg/kg intraperitoneal (IP). Treatment with @entity6170 [5   mg/kg/day, per oral (PO)] was assessed for 21 days. On day 21, the animals were challenged with the same dose of ovalbumin. The forced expiratory volume in 1   s (FEV1 ) to forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1 /FVC, was measured using a spirometer to diagnosis @entity3885 . Serum levels of @entity6171 ( @entity6171 ) and immunoglobulin E (IgE) were assessed. The activity of @entity224 dismutase (SOD) and catalase and the level of @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) were determined in lung tissue homogenates. KEY FINDINGS: Our results demonstrated that treatment with @entity6170 resulted in a statistically significant improvement in lung function and histopathological features. Significant decrease in the serum levels of @entity6171 and IgE were observed. The activity of SOD and catalase as well as the @entity6172 level were significantly increased in the lung tissues of treated animals compared with untreated @entity748 animals. Serum IgE concentrations and @entity6171 levels were directly correlated to each other and inversely correlated to the SOD, @entity6172 and catalase levels in the all studied @entity840 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence that the @entity3229 -y agonist @entity6170 may have potential in the development of therapies for @entity565 .

title: In-vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of @entity6170 , a @entity6169 ( XXXX -y) agonists in animal model of @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['reduced glutathione']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['lung obstruction']

entities_list: @entity6169 :: ('100729138', 'Gene') :: ['OBJECTIVES: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['rosiglitazone']

answer: @entity3229 :: (19013(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['PPAR']


abstract: Liver sinusoids, in contrast with the capillaries of other tissues, contain large numbers of sequestered lymphocytes. These blood-borne cells preferentially home in the liver. The mechanism regulating the recruitment of these cells and molecular regulation of the recognition of endothelial cells is as yet unclear. The present study sought to evaluate the cell adhesion molecules on @entity1 liver-associated lymphocytes and their ligands on sinusoidal lining cells in 29 @entity1 undergoing partial hepatectomy for @entity96 . Liver-associated lymphocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies. Frozen sections of liver tissue were stained according to alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase method. Cytometric analysis showed that virtually all liver-associated lymphocytes expressed on their surface the cell adhesion molecules @entity1454 and VLA-4. This liver-associated lymphocyte population also presented a significantly higher percentage of @entity1454 , @entity2071 , and @entity7937 and an increased surface expression of @entity1454 , @entity3138 , and @entity2940 in comparison with peripheral blood lymphocytes. It was likewise shown that sinusoidal cells express @entity2071 , @entity10985 , @entity20394 , @entity4725 and @entity7937 ligands. Liver-associated lymphocytes thus strongly express a number of different adhesion molecules. The corresponding ligands were also detected on sinusoidal lining cells. @entity1454 and VLA-4 would seem to be important pathways of temporary lymphocyte-endothelial adhesion in liver sinusoids.

title: Expression of cell adhesion molecules on liver-associated lymphocytes and their ligands on sinusoidal lining cells in XXXX with benign or malignant liver disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity251 (T) and @entity586 ( @entity587 ) have been measured in the plasma, @entity458 in @entity95 fetuses of both sexes during sexual organogenesis. T and @entity587 were also measured in decapitated male fetuses. In male, T appeared successively in testes (day 19), mesonephros (day 20) and Wolffian ducts (day 22). In sexual ducts, T levels increased from 20 to 25 days, then stabilized until birth. Since @entity587 was measurable, in sexual ducts of males only from 24 days onwards, T itself is the active hormone on the differentiation of Wolffian ducts. In female fetuses, T and @entity587 were undetectable, in sexual ducts, at any gestational age. In the genital tubercle T was undetectable in both sexes. In the genital tubercle of males @entity587 levels increased from 19 to 25 days, then stabilized. In female fetuses, @entity587 was episodically measurable in the genital tubercle but at levels always lower than in males. @entity587 is the active hormone on the differentiation of genital tubercle. In male decapitated fetuses T and @entity587 levels were reduced in @entity458 but the differences were not significant.

title: @entity251 and @entity586 in @entity458 of XXXX fetuses during sexual organogenesis: effects of fetal decapitation.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual ducts and genital tubercle']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: A 58-year-old @entity1 presented to her physician with @entity548 and intermittent @entity294 . Optical colonoscopy revealed a bulky @entity5 which was diagnosed as @entity5 . She was referred to our institution for further evaluation and treatment. Slim optical colonoscopy showed an obstructive @entity5 in the rectosigmoid junction and no information of the proximal side of the obstruction. The @entity1 then underwent computed tomographic (CT) colonography for further evaluation of the proximal side. Three-dimensional endoluminal ' @entity238 -through' images revealed another @entity75 in the proximal side of the obstruction. Diagnosis of synchronous double @entity5 was made by CT colonography. This CT data was not only used to create three-dimensional images but also to decide on a preoperative clinical staging. Laparoscopy-assisted high anterior resection was performed and T3 @entity5 and T1 sigmoid @entity694 were confirmed in the resected specimen. Follow-up optical colonoscopy revealed no other @entity5 . CT colonography has recently become a popular preoperative examination tool with significant improvement in quality of image due to a rapid progress in computer technology. CT colonography correctly showed synchronous double @entity5 in our case and provided crucial information for planning surgery. We recommend that CT colonography should be used for evaluating the proximal side of obstructive @entity14 .

title: Double XXXX only diagnosed by computed tomographic colonography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['protruded lesion']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: A retrospective study was performed on primary @entity4617 found in 44 @entity291 during meat inspection in Japan, using histology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. The age of affected @entity291 ranged from 10 to 129 months; 82% were less than 3 years old. In 38 hearts, the @entity5 was solitary; the remaining 6 hearts had @entity3928 . All @entity5 were subendocardial and involved the papillary muscles and/or cardiac valves. Two histologic patterns were recognized; both included giant cells. Pattern 1 was characterized by interlacing fascicles of spindle-shaped cells; pattern 2 resembled @entity2477 . The 2 patterns coexisted and were linked by transitional zones. Given the immunohistochemical reactivity and ultrastructure, the spindle-shaped cells were identified as smooth muscle cells and the giant cells as endothelial cells. Single cell and multicellular angiogenesis by giant cells was observed. The @entity5 were classified as @entity299 . Subendocardial multipotential mesenchymal cells, persistent tissue of the endocardial cushion, or valvular interstitial cells were suspected as the origin.

title: @entity299 in 44 XXXX in Japan (1982-2009).

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['multiple masses']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tumors']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac angioleiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous hemangioma']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel @entity683 (H1N1) pandemic was associated with an epidemic of @entity3124 . METHODS: We describe the clinical profiles of critically ill @entity1 with severe complications due to microbiologically confirmed pandemic @entity281 admitted to a medical ICU in Monza, Italy, over a 6-month period. RESULTS: From August 2009 to January 2010, 19 @entity1 (13 adults and 6 @entity1 ) required ICU admission. Nine subjects were referred to our hospital from other ICUs. In all @entity1 , with the exception of a case of severe @entity326 , the cause of ICU admission was @entity1576 . Other @entity881 were common. A trial of non-invasive ventilation was attempted in 13 cases and was successful in four of them. The majority of the @entity1 required invasive mechanical ventilation. In the 7 most severely hypoxemic @entity1 , we applied veno-venous ECLS, with a very high rate of success. The median ICU stay was 9 days (range 1-78 days). Sixteen out of 19 (84%) @entity1 survived. CONCLUSION: In the majority of our @entity1 , @entity3124 caused by pandemic @entity683 (H1N1) was associated with severe @entity519 , @entity881 , requirement for mechanical ventilation and frequent use of rescue therapies and ECLS support.

title: Management of acute XXXX from @entity281 : experience of a tertiarylevel Intensive Care Unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A (H1N1) infection']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['nonpulmonary organ failures', 'multiple organ failure']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory complications']


abstract: Low molecular weight (LMW) IgM is the monomeric subunit of pentameric IgM. It is not found in healthy adults but occurs in a number of autoimmune, lymphoproliferative and infectious conditions. It has not been described before in @entity884 ( @entity884 ). Eighteen @entity1 with @entity884 were studied; 16 with @entity3940 ( @entity3940 ) and two with @entity697 . LMW IgM was detected in the sera of six @entity1 , all having @entity3940 in association with circulating @entity309 ( @entity309 ). Of the remaining 12 @entity1 without LMW IgM only three had @entity309 in low quantities. Sequential studies revealed that LMW IgM appeared during the later stages of the illness at or following the peak @entity309 and IgM response. LMW IgM was not detected in any of 20 control sera. Immunoblot analysis of sera containing LMW IgM revealed the presence of small quantities of dimeric and oligomeric IgM in addition to monomeric IgM. We conclude that LMW IgM occurs predominantly in those @entity1 with @entity884 who have associated @entity309 . Immunoblot analysis suggests that the presence of monomeric and oligomeric LMW IgM reflects a disorder of IgM polymerization occurring in those @entity1 .

title: Appearance of low molecular weight IgM during course of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['RF', 'rheumatoid factor']

entities_list: @entity3940 :: ('MESH:D004698', 'Disease') :: ['subacute bacterial endocarditis', 'SBE']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['IE', 'infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: New @entity1011 based equations for estimating glomerular proposed for aged subjects have not been assessed in their association of reduced @entity470 with cardiovascular (CV) morbidity or all cause (AC) mortality. @entity1 : All subjects >= 70  years old (2998) who had been admitted to the hospital during a 12  month period were examined. METHODS: In a cohort study we applied the new Berlin Initiative Study (BIS1) equation. We compared the association of reduced @entity470 estimated by BIS1 and MDRD equations, with @entity65 and all cause (AC) mortality. RESULTS: @entity470 was 57      17  mL/min/1.73  m(2) by MDRD and 71      28  mL/min/1.73  m(2) by BIS1 (P  <  0.001). A diagnosis of @entity65 was present in 947 @entity1 . @entity65 was associated with @entity470  <  60  mL/min/1.73  m(2) by both formulas: OR 1.179 (CI 1.001-1.390) for BIS1 and OR 1.440 (CI 1.223-1.696) for MDRD. In survival analysis a significant association of @entity470  <  60  mL/min/1.73  m(2) with AC mortality was found for both equations: MDRD (HR  =  1.270, CI 1.111-1.453, P  <  0.001), BIS1 (HR  =  1.174, CI 1.031-1.338, P  =  0.016). The analysis repeated with groups of age showed that the association of mortality with eGFRBIS1  <  60  mL/min/1.73  m(2) was lost over 80  years. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 >70, admitted to hospital, the implementation of the new BIS1 estimating equation does not modify the relationship, observed with the MDRD formula, of reduced GFR with @entity65 or AC mortality.

title: Association of reduced kidney function with XXXX and mortality in elderly @entity1 : comparison between the new Berlin initiative study (BIS1) and the MDRD study equations.

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular (CV) disease', 'CV disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: 200 years have gone by since the autonomic disturbance in @entity6 has been described for the first time ever. There is a great deal of information on the close relationship between somatic and visceral symptoms in @entity3949 (PNP), so that there should be talked about only of one form of manifestations within the meaning of a distal symmetric somatovisceral PNP. The longer fibres such as the vagal fibres of the viscus, sympathetic fibres of the eye are affected at first and more intensively in the autonomic region same as in the sensory and motor region. Due to the fact that for reasons of fragmentary knowledge pathogenetically substantiated classification of the autonomic disturbances in @entity6 PNP is not at hand, such a classification is being made from organotopic and phenomenologic aspects. Frequently, afferent denervation of an organ results in enhancing the effects of an autonomic innervation dysfunction, as for instance in unnoticed hypoglycaemia, in order to modify the symptoms, as for instance in rectal incontinence with unnoticed defecation, or rather to let new symptoms appear, for instance loss of @entity158 . In recent years, appropriate methods of examinations were tested for the clinical routine, permitting to give evidence of autonomic dysfunctions before clinical manifestation. It is still unclear to what extent such @entity854 are reversible with a more favourable regulation of the metabolic process, for instance with the aid of continuous subcutaneous insulin injections. An impressive symptom of innervation dysfunctions of the cardiovascular system is @entity101 that may, in exceptional cases, even lead to confinement to bed. The most important pathogenic factor seems to be @entity455 . A pronounced @entity591 at rest, frequently found in diabetics, is the result of the failure of the vagal autonomic system, and, after additional destruction of the sympathetic fibres, it adjusts itself to a lower level that cannot be changed by reflex mechanisms. Cardialgia absent in the case of @entity741 is a factor of an increased mortality of long-term diabetics. The correlation between @entity455 and @entity4288 or mediasclerosis, respectively, is being under discussion. Denervation on the gastrointestinal tract has an effect on the motility and excretory functions. The innvervation dysfunctions lead to sialadenosis by changing the composition of saliva. In most cases @entity1208 is not perceived by the @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Autonomic symptoms in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular denervation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['testicular pain']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity3949 :: (MESH:D003929,Disease) :: ['diabetic polyneuropathies']


abstract: Despite the limitations, the available data lead to the conclusion that treatment of the mother may be of benefit to the fetus. To date, harmful effects of maternal therapy on the fetus have not been substantiated. Current recommendations for fetal therapy of toxoplasmosis include the initiation of @entity7912 in the pregnant @entity1 when acquired toxoplasmosis is strongly suspected in pregnancy. Prompt detection of infection in the mother is important in order to start therapy as early as possible. An attempt to determine the status of the fetus is undertaken by prenatal diagnostic procedures such as amniocentesis, cordocentesis, and ultrasonography. After confirmation of @entity2241 , repeated courses of a combination of @entity4765 , @entity4766 , and @entity4181 should be alternated with courses of @entity7912 . If the fetus is not infected, @entity7912 should be continued in repeated courses or throughout pregnancy. Pregnancy termination tends to be reserved for cases in whom ultrasonographic examination demonstrates the fetus to be severely affected. The importance of postnatal follow-up and treatment, although not addressed in this article, must be emphasized. The advent of fetal therapy offers hope that the problem of @entity3251 will become less common. In addition to currently available options, the future may offer new avenues of therapy, such as the possibility of treating infected fetuses by the intra-amniotic infusion of drugs.

title: Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4766 :: ('MESH:D013411', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfadiazine']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity7912 :: ('MESH:D015572', 'Chemical') :: ['spiramycin']

entities_list: @entity3251 :: ('MESH:D014125', 'Disease') :: ['congenital toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity4765 :: ('MESH:D011739', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimethamine']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal infection']

answer: @entity3251 :: (MESH:D014125,Disease) :: ['fetal toxoplasmosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the INT-0116 trial reported a survival advantage, postoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has been a care standard for US @entity1 in whom @entity356 has been diagnosed. We sought to estimate the association between treatment and survival among the older US Medicare population. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65-79  years with stage  IB-III @entity356 diagnosed between 2002 and 2009 in a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results region. @entity1 were categorized on the basis of treatment: (1) gastrectomy only and (2) gastrectomy plus adjuvant CRT. We examined factors associated with receipt of adjuvant CRT, including stage at diagnosis, comorbidity, and @entity5 subtype. Overall survival was measured from 90  days after gastrectomy until death or the censoring date of December 31, 2010. RESULTS: Of the 1519 @entity1 who underwent gastrectomy, 41.7% received adjuvant CRT. Factors associated with adjuvant CRT included age younger than 75  years at @entity5 . The median overall survival from the time of gastrectomy was 25.1  months (interquartile range 43.7  months) for gastrectomy only and 26.9  months (interquartile range 40.9  months) for adjuvant CRT. Multivariable and propensity-score-stratified models demonstrated a survival benefit associated with adjuvant CRT [hazard ratio (HR) 0.58; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50-0.67], although the magnitude was greater for @entity5 (HR 0.50; 95% CI 0.39-0.61) and @entity5 (HR 0.58; 95% CI 0.45-0.73) than for stage  IB @entity5 (HR 1.02; 95% CI 0.71-1.45). CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant CRT, in conjunction with gastrectomy, was associated with a survival benefit among older @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Comparative effectiveness of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy after gastrectomy among older XXXX with @entity356 : a SEER-Medicare study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer diagnosis and stage  II or stage  III cancer', 'stage  III tumors', 'stage  II tumors', 'stage  II or stage  III tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) are the leading cause of disability worldwide. The inverse association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and @entity1032 has been well documented. There is prospective evidence that factors from the work environment, including adverse psychosocial work factors, could contribute to the development of @entity1032 including @entity458 . However, the contribution of psychosocial work factors to social inequalities in @entity1032 remains unclear. This study evaluates the contribution of psychosocial work factors from two highly supported models, the Demand-Control-Support (DCS) and the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) models to SEP inequalities of @entity458 in @entity1 and @entity1 from a population-based sample of Quebec workers. METHODS: Data were collected during a survey on working conditions, health and safety at work. SEP was evaluated using education, occupation and household income. @entity2673 were assessed using validated instruments. Mean differences (MD) in the score of @entity458 were estimated separately for @entity1 and @entity1 . RESULTS: Low education level and low household income were associated with @entity458 among @entity1 (MD, 0.56 (95% CI 0.06; 1.05) and 1.26 (95% CI 0.79; 1.73) respectively). In @entity1 , the contribution of psychosocial work factors from the DCS and the ERI models to the association between household income and @entity458 ranged from 9% to 24%. No clear inequalities were observed among @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that psychosocial work factors from the DCS and the ERI models contribute to explain a part of social inequalities in @entity458 among @entity1 . Psychosocial factors at work are frequent and modifiable. The present study supports the relevance of targeting these factors for the primary prevention of @entity1032 and for health policies aiming to reduce social inequalities in mental health.

title: Psychosocial work factors and social inequalities in XXXX : a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity2673 :: ('MESH:C535569', 'Disease') :: ['Psychosocial work factors and psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Mental health problems', 'MHP']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological distress']