abstract: Despite laws permitting @entity5852 , @entity204 due to illegal procedures sometimes occurs. One such case is described. On Aug. 26, 1969, a 65 year old Mrs. B.K. reported the rapid @entity204 of a young @entity1 in her home. The cause of @entity204 could not be determined by topical exam. Mrs. B.K. said the young @entity1 had come to her requesting an abortion, but became ill during the ensuing conversation. She denied doing anything to the young @entity1 other than attempting to revive her. She said she called for help when her efforts failed. Because Mrs. B.K. had a previous criminal record for performing illegal abortions, because spots of the victims blood were found on her clothing, because spots of blood were also found on the victim though external genitals were suspiciously clean (as was the kitchen floor on which the victim was lying), an autopsy was performed. During the autopsy, a massive @entity3728 in the lungs was found. The air entered the circulatory system during perforation of the cervix and part of the uterus. Damage to surrounding tissues was also found. It was determined that the damage was caused by a blunt instrument. The 4 month old fetus and anmiotic sac were not damaged. Bubbles of air and coagulated blood were found in the damaged tissues. Mrs. B.K. than admitted to trying to induce the abortion by inserting a rubber tube into the uterus through the cervix, and blowing air into and out of the uterus. She had admitted to using this method in 1943 and 1954, when she was criminally prosecuted. She began performing abortions during World War 2 and had performed a great many of them since then.

title: [Fatal XXXX during an attempt at criminal abortion].

entities_list: @entity3728 :: ('MESH:D004618', 'Disease') :: ['air embolism']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['legal abortions']

answer: @entity3728 :: (MESH:D004618,Disease) :: ['air embolism']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to address the feasibility of combination chemotherapy of @entity1205 and @entity1814 for recurrent @entity418 @entity1 in an outpatient setting. @entity1 received @entity1205 (30 mg/m(2) intravenously) on day 1 and @entity1814 (40 mg/m(2) intravenously) on day 1 every 2 weeks. In total, 28 @entity1 with recurrent @entity418 after the initial treatment (esophagectomy, chemotherapy and/or chemoradiotherapy) were enrolled. Each @entity1 received six cycles of treatment and was evaluated with a computed tomography scan. The percentage of @entity1 who completed this therapy was 60.7%. Complete response and partial response were achieved by 3.6% and 35.7% of @entity1 , respectively. The most frequent @entity137 were @entity1431 and @entity417 ; @entity1503 were generally mild. There was no treatment-related @entity204 . The median survival time and 1-year survival rate were 8.5 months and 15.9%, respectively. This outpatient combination chemotherapy was useful as second-line chemotherapy for recurrent @entity418 .

title: Combination chemotherapy with XXXX and @entity1814 for recurrent @entity418 in an outpatient setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['non-hematological toxicities']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1814 :: ('MESH:C053989', 'Chemical') :: ['nedaplatin']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study anatomic biologic contouring (ABC), using a previously described distinct halo, to unify volume contouring methods in treatment planning for @entity135 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-five @entity1 with @entity135 at various sites were planned for radiation therapy using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). The ABC halo was used in all PET/CT scans to contour the gross @entity5 volume (GTV) edge. The CT-based GTV (GTV-CT) and PET/CT-based GTV (GTV-ABC) were contoured by two independent radiation oncologists. RESULTS: The ABC halo was observed in all @entity1 studied. The halo had a standard unit value of 2.19 +/- 0.28. The mean halo thickness was 2.02 +/- 0.21 mm. Significant volume modification (>or=25%) was seen in 17 of 25 @entity1 (68%) after implementation of GTV-ABC. Concordance among observers was increased with the use of the halo as a guide for GTV determination: 6 @entity1 (24%) had a <or=10% volume discrepancy with CT alone, compared with 22 (88%) with PET/CT (p < 0.001). Interobserver variability decreased from a mean GTV difference of 20.3 cm3 in CT-based planning to 7.2 cm3 in PET/CT-based planning (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Using the "anatomic biologic halo" to contour GTV in PET/CT improves consistency among observers. The distinctive appearance of the described halo and its presence in all of the studied @entity5 make it attractive for GTV contouring in @entity135 . Additional studies are needed to confirm the correlation of the halo with presence of malignant cells.

title: The impact of positron emission tomography/computed tomography in edge delineation of gross XXXX volume for @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck cancers', 'head and neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Effects of extract from a herb, Cnidium rhizome (Senkyu), on isolated @entity840 atria were investigated pharmacologically and electrophysiologically. The @entity1042 extract from Cnidium rhizome decreased the contraction and slightly increased the heart rates of the isolated atria. Extracts from five other herbs, such as Japanese anglica root (Toki), Peony root (Shakuyaku), Moutan bark (Botanpi), Glycyrrhiza (Kanzo), Bupleurum (Saiko), affected neither the contraction nor the heart rates. The @entity1042 extract from Cnidium rhizome was fractionated with @entity3636 and water fractions. The @entity3636 fraction exerted potent negative inotropic and chronotropic effects in isolated atria. The contraction was attenuated by two major components in the @entity3636 fraction, @entity38314 and @entity38315 , but the heart rates were scarcely affected by these components. The @entity3636 fraction induced changes in resting potentials and configurations of normal action potentials recorded in the isolated left atria: the resting potentials were depolarized, and the upstroke velocity of the action potentials decreased. Neither @entity38314 nor @entity38315 exerted such effects. The upstroke velocity of action potentials recorded in partially depolarized atria was reduced by the @entity3636 fraction as well as @entity38314 and @entity38315 . The mechanisms underlying the effects of the extract from Cnidium rhizome were discussed.

title: [Effects of extract from a herbal drug, cnidium rhizome (senkyu), on contraction, heart rates and membrane potentials of isolated XXXX atria].

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity38314 :: ('MESH:C027820', 'Chemical') :: ['ligustilide']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity38315 :: ('MESH:C045855', 'Chemical') :: ['senkyunolide']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: To identify changes in treatment methods and types of drugs taken in @entity1445 over a 10-year period we conducted a retrospective study in the accident and emergency department of a large teaching hospital. The influence of a protocol to direct medical management was also studied. Results were compared with those of a 1984 survey at the same institution. 409 cases of accidental and deliberate @entity4968 were reviewed. In deliberate @entity4968 52% of drugs taken were prescription drugs, 41.6% over-the-counter medications and the remaining 6.4% illicit drugs. Only 13% of @entity1 had a stomach emptying procedure compared with 75.2% of @entity1 in the previous survey. Charcoal was administered or offered in over 95% of cases. Medical management of @entity1445 in this centre changed drastically over 10 years. A department protocol had been adhered to in the great majority of cases, and we recommend that all accident and emergency departments as well as medical and paediatric teams establish similar protocols. Over-the-counter drugs are increasingly troublesome, especially @entity1443 , which accounts for 28.8% of drugs taken in deliberate @entity1445 .

title: The changing profile of XXXX and its management.

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['overdoses', 'overdose']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: AIM: To determine whether the aetiology differed between typical cases of @entity362 with unilateral knee involvement and atypical cases involving joints other than the knee, @entity66 , and disease outside of the knee joint. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cases of @entity362 involving the knee joint were evaluated for the distribution of the disease and severity of @entity571 . Joints other than the knee were evaluated for the presence and severity of @entity571 , and the distribution was classified as either intra-articular, extra-articular, or both. Clinical history was reviewed for @entity1 age at presentation, a history of @entity625 , @entity6 , and known @entity134 use. Fisher's exact test was used to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference between typical and atypical presentations of the disease. RESULTS: @entity362 was identified in 45 joints in 39 @entity1 . Twenty-eight @entity1 were classified as "typical" and 11 @entity1 had "atypical" disease. There was no significant difference in age at presentation, presence of @entity571 , or known @entity625 when comparing typical and atypical presentations of the disease. CONCLUSION: Twenty-eight percent of @entity1 in the present study had atypical presentation of @entity362 with multifocal @entity362 in joints other than the knee. There was no significant difference in age at presentation, presence of @entity571 , or known @entity625 when comparing typical and atypical presentations of the disease. Of the 39 @entity1 , only three had no evidence of @entity571 , which suggests that many cases of @entity362 are secondary to chronic reactive change in association with @entity571 .

title: @entity362 : comparison of typical and XXXX presentations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['polyarticular disease']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative arthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['lipoma arborescens', 'lipoma arborescens or disease', 'Lipoma arborescens']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['atypical disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 @entity37742 , a rare disorder of oligosaccharide catabolism, results from a deficiency of beta-mannosidase activity. So far, mutational analysis has been performed in only seven families and revealed 11 mutations in the @entity37743 gene which encodes the enzyme beta-mannosidase. OBJECTIVES: We report here a 36-year-old Arab female with @entity37742 who presented with @entity1032 and @entity15967 . We describe in this @entity1 a novel null mutation and review the previously reported @entity37743 gene mutations and their clinical correlations. METHODS: Histopathology, ultrastructural analysis, and enzyme assays were performed. Sequencing of cDNA and genomic DNA analysis was conducted in a search for a mutation in the @entity37743 gene. RESULTS: Histopathology of a skin biopsy specimen from the @entity1 showed the characteristic findings of @entity15967 . Electron microscopy showed cytoplasmic vacuolation. Enzymatic activity of beta-mannosidase in the patient's serum, leukocytes, and fibroblasts was less than 1% of control values. Sequencing of the @entity37743 cDNA revealed a @entity13284 transition in exon 6 at @entity377 position c.693, resulting in the formation of a stop codon ( @entity37744 ). LIMITATIONS: Only one family was studied. CONCLUSIONS: A new case of @entity1 @entity37742 is presented and the first @entity37743 gene mutation from Arab ancestry is reported. Reviewing the reported @entity37743 gene mutations does not reveal a clear genotype-phenotype correlation. The importance of @entity2314 as the clue to the diagnosis of @entity37742 and other lysosomal storage diseases is emphasized.

title: XXXX in @entity1 @entity37742 : Report of a new case and a novel mutation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity37742 :: ('MESH:D044905', 'Disease') :: ['beta-mannosidosis']

entities_list: @entity15967 :: ('MESH:D000794', 'Disease') :: ['multiple angiokeratomas', 'angiokeratoma']

entities_list: @entity2314 :: ('MESH:D000795', 'Disease') :: ['angiokeratoma corporis diffusum']

answer: @entity2314 :: (MESH:D000795,Disease) :: ['Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum']


abstract: The objective was to review the literature on the biological correlates of @entity308 ( @entity308 ) in @entity1 and adolescents. A computerized search for articles published during the last 20 years was done and selected studies presented. To date, examination of @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ), prolactin, and @entity701 levels after pharmacological stimulation have shown abnormalities in the secretion of these hormones (e.g. blunted @entity2124 secretion after the administration of @entity7704 ). Identical results have been found in never-depressed @entity1 at high risk to develop @entity308 due to high family loading for @entity308 suggesting that alteration in certain hormonal systems may be trait markers for @entity308 . Other biological studies (e.g. the @entity2339 , sleep electroencephalogram) have yielded more inconsistent results with subjects with melancholic symptoms, severe @entity308 , and older age showing some abnormalities similar to the ones reported in adults with @entity308 . Factors such age, sex, maturation, @entity146 family history and exposure to stress need to be considered since they also affect the same biological systems associated with the aetiology of @entity308 . Considerable biological research has been done in youth with @entity308 . Further research is needed to investigate whether these markers predict the development of new episodes of @entity308 , recurrences, and treatment response. Also, these and other studies using more sophisticated methods (e.g. functional MRI) aimed at elucidating the interrelationship between biological and other risk factors are needed.

title: Biological studies in depressed XXXX and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'major depressive disorder', 'depressions']

entities_list: @entity7704 :: ('2691', 'Gene') :: ['growth hormone releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic--pituitary axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: This was a case-control study to analyze the associations between @entity460 @entity1791 and the urokinase polymorphisms, @entity41933 ( @entity41934 ) and 3'-UTR @entity6344 ( @entity22312 ), in a Japanese population. Cases consisted of 232 @entity1 with urinary @entity460 stones (174 @entity1 and 58 @entity1 ) who presented to a general hospital between April 2009 and June 2011. Among these cases, 115 (49.6  %) @entity1 had @entity3835 stones alone, and 113 (48.7  %) @entity1 had @entity3835 stones mixed with @entity78 stones. Controls consisted of 454 subjects who had a routine health check-up in the same prefecture. The two polymorphisms were genotyped via polymerase chain reaction with confronting two-pair primers. In the control group, the genotype frequencies of @entity41933 were 0.573 for PP, 0.375 for PL, and 0.052 for LL, and those of 3'-UTR C>T were 0.835 for CC, 0.165 for CT, and TT was not identified. Neither of the polymorphisms was significantly associated with @entity1791 . The age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios of @entity1791 were 0.96 [95  % confidence interval (CI), 0.66-1.41] for PL and 1.22 (0.58-2.57) for LL as compared with PP genotype of @entity41933 , and 1.01 (0.62-1.64) for CT as compared with CC genotype of 3'-UTR @entity6344 . When compared with the PP genotype of @entity41933 , the frequency of PL was significantly lower in female cases with a family history of @entity1791 than in females without such family history (p  =  0.028). @entity41933 and 3'-UTR polymorphisms of the urokinase gene are not associated with @entity1791 in a Japanese population.

title: Association of XXXX @entity1791 with urokinase @entity41933 and 3'-UTR @entity6344 polymorphisms in a Japanese population.

entities_list: @entity6344 :: ('c|SUB|C||T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['C>T']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity3835 :: ('MESH:D002129', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium oxalate']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Previously, the effects of three point mutations (at @entity535 positions 31, 84, and 194) in the gene coding for a @entity11682 -resistant @entity9795 synthase of @entity3631 were analyzed by site-directed mutagenesis. Changes at positions 31 and 194 abolished the phenotypic expression of @entity11682 resistance, while a change at position 84 appeared to be neutral. These studies are here extended to correlate the alterations in phenotype with effects on enzyme kinetics by expressing the cloned meningococcal genes in an @entity526 that had its dhps gene partially deleted and replaced by a resistance determinant. The most dramatic effects were produced by mutations at position 31. A change from the Leu found in the resistant isolate to a @entity815 (the residue found in sensitive isolates) led to a 10-fold decrease in the Km and a concomitant drop in the Ki. Changes at position 194 also affected both the Km and Ki but not to the same extent as mutations at position 31. Changing position 84 altered the Km only slightly but significantly. This latter change was interpreted as a compensatory change modulating the function of the enzyme. In another type of resistance gene, 2 @entity535 residues, proposed to be an insertion, were deleted, resulting in a sensitive enzyme. However, the resulting Km was raised 10-fold, suggesting that compensatory changes have accumulated in this type of resistance determinant as well. This resistance gene differs by as much as 10% from the sensitive isolates, which makes identification of important mutations difficult.

title: Adaptation to XXXX resistance in @entity3631 may have required compensatory changes to retain enzyme function: kinetic analysis of @entity9795 synthases from @entity3631 expressed in a knockout mutant of @entity526 .

entities_list: @entity9795 :: ('MESH:C000978', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydropteroate']

entities_list: @entity11682 :: ('CHEBI:35358', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamide']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli strain']

answer: @entity11682 :: (CHEBI:35358,Chemical) :: ['sulfonamide']


abstract: @entity1 -specific wall stress simulations on @entity1028 may provide a better criterion for surgical intervention than the currently used maximum transverse diameter. In these simulations, it is common practice to compute the peak wall stress by applying the full systolic pressure directly on the @entity439 geometry as it appears in medical images. Since this approach does not account for the fact that the measured geometry is already experiencing a substantial load, it may lead to an incorrect systolic @entity439 shape. We have developed an approach to compute the wall stress on the true diastolic geometry at a given pressure with a backward incremental method. The method has been evaluated with a neo-Hookean material law for several simple test problems. The results show that the method can predict an unloaded configuration if the loaded geometry and the load applied are known. The effect of incorporating the initial diastolic stress has been assessed by using three @entity1 -specific geometries acquired with cardiac triggered MR. The comparison shows that the commonly used approach leads to an unrealistically smooth systolic geometry and therefore provides an underestimation for the peak wall stress. Our backward incremental modelling approach overcomes these issues and provides a more plausible estimate for the systolic @entity439 volume and a significantly different estimate for the peak wall stress. When the approach is applied with a more complex material law which has been proposed specifically for @entity1028 similar effects are observed and the same conclusion can be drawn.

title: @entity1 -specific initial wall stress in XXXX with a backward incremental method.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Over the past 10 years, an increase in @entity3256 and multi-drug resistant staphylococcal species has been identified worldwide and anecdotally reported within our veterinary teaching hospital. OBJECTIVE: To determine the @entity3256 resistance (MR) and multi-drug resistance (MDR) patterns of staphylococcal species isolated from @entity235 @entity1 between 2006 and 2011. ANIMALS AND METHODS: Staphylococcal isolates (n = 1069) were cultured from the @entity235 @entity1 population of the veterinary teaching hospital. The susceptibility reports of @entity23819 , @entity794 , S. schleiferi v. coagulans, S. schleiferi v. schleiferi, and other coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were assessed. Isolates were organized into five site categories. Isolates were scored on a 0-10 scale based on resistance to antimicrobial classes, with MDR classified as an isolate scoring a value >= 3. Statistical analysis included   (2), Fisher's exact test, and ANOVA with mean square and post hoc analysis; p < 0.05 was significant. RESULTS: @entity23819 (76.6%), @entity794 (15.5%), S. schleiferi v. coagulans (5.7%), S. schleiferi v. schleiferi (1.2%), and CoNS (0.9%) isolation was observed. MR occurred in 11.4% of all combined isolates, with no difference between sites and years. Of the @entity23819 isolates, 4.5% were @entity3256 resistant. Of all the isolates, 27.5% were MDR. The mean resistance score of @entity23819 isolates increased significantly comparing 2006 and 2008 (p = 0.0006) and 2006 and 2009 (p = 0.0009). The mean score of all combined isolates increased significantly comparing 2006 and 2008 (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: MR staphylococci isolation is similar when compared to other studies. However, increased MDR isolation is of greater concern and high-scoring MDR staphylococci will limit our future antimicrobial choices.

title: Multi-drug and @entity3256 resistance of staphylococci from XXXX @entity1 at a veterinary teaching hospital (2006-2011).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity23819 :: ('283734', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus pseudintermedius', 'S. pseudintermedius']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The endorectal @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ) is a new imaging technique that allows a more accurate and reliable evaluation for the localization and staging of @entity263 (PCa) than the sole morphological study offered by endorectal MR alone. The combination of endorectal MRI and @entity2996 allows a simultaneous morphologic and metabolic study that improves the detection of PCa. Moreover, the technical improvements recently introduced in the spectroscopic study of the prostate have led to an increase of reliability in the detection of PCa. METHODS AND RESULTS: We present in this article the advantages this technique offers in the detection of PCa in @entity1 at high risk, as well as in @entity1 with progressive @entity7735 rising and previous negative biopsies. It also seems to be useful in the study of biochemical recurrences of @entity7735 in previously treated @entity1 , and for the study of the central gland. We comment, as well, the chance to use this tool in the staging of PCa. Our group is actually working with @entity2996 in the detection of PCa, in collaboration with AATRM (Agency of Evaluation of medical technology for medical research) and we present some recent results in the use of this technique. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2996 is a non-invasive method that allows the detection of PCa in the peripheral gland with a greater reliability than endorectal MRI alone, in selectyed @entity1 . It is also a good technique for the study of the central gland, in which the detection of PCa is difficult by morphological methods. So, RMS allows the evaluation of @entity209 in the whole prostatic gland and improves the overall accuracy in the detection of PCa, either in the central or peripheral gland.

title: [The diagnosis of XXXX by endorectal MR spectroscopy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['MRS', 'MR spectroscopic imaging']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ) aims to allow @entity1 with favourable-risk, @entity263 to avoid unnecessary treatment. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical outcomes of a prospective study of @entity3457 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A single-centre, prospective cohort study. Eligibility criteria included histologically proven @entity263 , age 50-80 yr, stage T1/T2, prostate-specific antigen level ( @entity1486 ) <15 ng/ml, Gleason score (GS)  <= 3+3 (GS  <= 3+4 if aged >65 yr), and @entity12740 ( @entity12740 )  <= 50%. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were assessed by serum @entity1486 level, and digital rectal examination at 3-mo intervals in year 1, 4-mo intervals in year 2, and at 6-mo intervals thereafter. Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy was performed after 18-24 mo and every 2 yr thereafter. Treatment was recommended for @entity1486 velocity (PSAV) >1 ng/ml per year or adverse histology, defined as GS >=  4+3 or @entity12740 >50%. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Outcomes described, using Kaplan-Meier methods, were rate of adverse histology on repeat biopsy, freedom from treatment, biochemical control after deferred treatment, and overall survival. Analyses using Cox regression were performed to determine predictors of deferred treatment and adverse histology. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: The study enrolled 471 eligible @entity1 from 2002 to 2011. Median age was 66 yr and median initial @entity1486 value was 6.4 ng/ml. Eighty-eight percent of @entity1 had T1 disease and 93% had GS  <= 3+3. At median follow-up of 5.7 yr, the 5-yr rate of adverse histology and treatment-free probability was 22% (95% confidence interval [CI], 16-29%) and 70% (95% CI, 65-75%), respectively. There were two deaths from @entity263 . Predictors of time to adverse histology were GS 7, PSAV >1 ng/ml per year, low ratio of free @entity1486 to total @entity1486 , and @entity12740 >25%. Longer follow-up is needed to confirm the safety of this strategy. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates satisfactory medium-term outcomes for @entity3457 in selected @entity1 with @entity263 .

title: Medium-term outcomes of active surveillance for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate adenocarcinoma', 'localised prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity12740 :: ('MESH:D020512', 'Disease') :: ['percent positive biopsy cores', 'PPC']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'Active surveillance']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localised prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We determined the cause of @entity3225 after intravitreal @entity2995 (IVTA). METHODS: The clinical records of 21 eyes that had @entity3225 after IVTA were reviewed. Cytologic studies were performed, and cytokine and chemokine profiles in the @entity7462 were determined. The effects of a direct contact of @entity2995 (TA) particles with cultured lens epithelial cells (B3) or retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) on cytokine production were determined. Noncontact culture studies were performed in a Boyden chamber; @entity4419 was used for nonbioactive particles. RESULTS: @entity32 appeared one day after the IVTA, and the incidence of severe @entity3225 was 13.0% (6/46), which was reduced to 4.3% (2/47) after switching to preservative-free TA. Most cells found in the @entity7462 were granulocytes. The concentrations of @entity650 (447.8-<5000 pg/mL) and @entity687 (47.2-<5000 pg/mL) were increased significantly, but @entity1356 , @entity688 , IL-12p70, and @entity310 were not significantly changed. In B3 cells, the level of @entity687 increased significantly when the cells made direct contact with TA particles (1.33 times that of PBS, P < 0.05, Student's t-test), but not in noncontact cultures. Similar reaction pattern was found in @entity1 cells. These effects also were observed when the cells were exposed to @entity4419 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3225 after IVTA is characterized by an immediate granulocytic infiltration and an increase of @entity650 / @entity687 in the @entity7462 . Preservatives may be a factor causing this condition, and mechanical/rheologic stress by particles presumably might be a new causative factor by increasing @entity650 / @entity687 .

title: Particle-induced XXXX : possible mechanisms of @entity3225 after intravitreal triamcinolone.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

entities_list: @entity4419 :: ('MESH:D003350', 'Chemical') :: ['11-deoxycortisol']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['sterile endophthalmitis', 'Sterile endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity3225 :: (MESH:D009877,Disease) :: ['endophthalmitis']


abstract: @entity37229 ( @entity37229 ) can present as a severe and (sub) @entity76 . @entity37229 can accompany different kinds of @entity5 including @entity151 , @entity0 . A 34-year-old @entity1 is described with acute @entity4653 , @entity11583 and @entity892 . Despite extensive laboratory and radiological evaluations in this @entity1 with rapidly @entity76 , the diagnosis of a @entity8231 was only made after several months, when an anti-Tr antibody was detected in his serum. The search for @entity978 as @entity74 was then started and resulted in stage II B disease. The @entity1 was successively treated with six courses of @entity2879 , @entity1732 , @entity5713 and @entity619 and radiotherapy, which resulted in a complete remission of the @entity978 . After starting therapy the @entity2746 stabilised. The pathogenesis of @entity528 in central nervous system @entity74 such as the one we describe is not completely understood. Antitumour therapy is assumed to be the important cornerstone in stabilising the @entity16 . Improvement of the @entity76 in @entity66 is a rare achievement. Early recognition of the concomitant disorders ( @entity66 and @entity978 ) is of crucial importance.

title: XXXX preceding the diagnosis of @entity978 .

entities_list: @entity8231 :: ('MESH:D010257', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ["adenocarcinoma of the breast and ovary, and Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['anti-Tr autoantibody disease', 'anti-Tr autoantibody paraneoplastic disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological condition']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma", "Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['deteriorating cerebellar syndrome', 'cerebellar syndrome', 'acute cerebellar syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic disorders', 'concomitant disorder']

entities_list: @entity37229 :: ('MESH:D020362', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2746 :: ('MESH:D013132', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar degeneration']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage']

entities_list: @entity11583 :: ('MESH:D020234', 'Disease') :: ['gait ataxia']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity37229 :: (MESH:D020362,Disease) :: ['Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9933 is a rare and usually lethal anomaly. In the past, opaque contrast medium was injected via the esophagus to demonstrate the anatomy. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the utility of helical and multidetector CT in delineating the aberrant anatomy in newborns with @entity9933 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four newborns with @entity9933 were identified from three institutions. Imaging studies and medical records were reviewed. Each @entity1 was imaged with chest radiography. One @entity1 was imaged on a single-detector helical CT scanner and the other three on multidetector scanners. RESULTS: Helical and multidetector CT with 2D and 3D reconstructions clearly delineated the aberrant tracheobronchial and esophageal anatomy in each @entity1 . Minimum intensity projection reformatted CT images were particularly helpful. One @entity1 each had type I and type II @entity9933 . Two @entity1 had type III @entity9933 . All four @entity1 died. CONCLUSION: CT is a useful tool for delineating the aberrant anatomy of newborns with @entity9933 and thus helps in making rational clinical decisions.

title: CT of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity9933 :: ('MESH:C536975', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal agenesis', 'Tracheal agenesis']

answer: @entity9933 :: (MESH:C536975,Disease) :: ['tracheal agenesis']


abstract: A trial was initiated to determine the feasibility and efficacy of a three-phase treatment including: (1) induction chemotherapy (IC); (2) high-dose melphalan with total body irradiation supported by unpurged autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT); and (3) @entity3027 maintenance treatment, in previously untreated aggressive @entity1582 . Thirty-five consecutive @entity1 , ages under 65 years, were enrolled. Initial induction therapy was randomized between the VAD regimen ( @entity1891 , @entity632 , @entity619 ) or the VMCP regimen ( @entity1891 , @entity3601 , @entity786 , @entity229 ) that were found to give similar results as IC. Thirty-one of 35 (89%) @entity1 , with good performance status and normal renal function after IC, received ABMT. @entity3027 was started soon after ABMT and was well tolerated. Fifteen of 35 (43%) @entity1 achieved complete response (CR) and 14 of 35 (40%) achieved partial response (PR). Low pretreatment @entity2262 was the only predictive factor for accomplishing CR. The duration of response was significantly affected by the magnitude of response. The 33-month, post-ABMT probability of progression-free survival was 85% for @entity1 in CR versus 24% for @entity1 in PR. The 42-month, post-diagnosis probability of survival was 81%. This overall strategy may represent an advance in the management of multiple @entity1582 . Furthermore, the high rate and long duration of CR that we observed in @entity1 with low @entity2262 suggest that such @entity1 may preferentially benefit from this strategy.

title: Intensive combined therapy for previously untreated aggressive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2 microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity3027 :: ('3439', 'Gene') :: ['interferon (IFN) alpha', 'IFN alpha']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity1 with @entity4611 have decreased quality of life. @entity25 are prevalent among @entity1 with @entity4611 and contribute to decreased quality of life. RECENT FINDINGS: @entity1 previously treated for compression of the optic chiasm by surgery, and in some cases postoperative radiotherapy, suffer from @entity25 . These are characterized by decreased sleep quality, delayed onset of sleep, and @entity25 . Circumstantial evidence suggests that this may be caused by @entity1640 . A challenging speculation is that previous compression of the optic chiasm compromised the function of the retinohypothalamic tract. Through this tract the eyes convey information on day-night cycles to the hypothalamic nuclei. @entity1 with @entity2012 , even despite biochemical control, suffer frequently from @entity27 . @entity1 with @entity699 suffer from @entity387 , and snoring. @entity2013 do not seem to affect sleep characteristics. The association between appropriately substituted @entity4614 and @entity25 is less clear. The effects of recombinant @entity1 growth hormone on sleep characteristics in adults are inconsistent. SUMMARY: @entity4611 are associated with different @entity25 . Different studies point to irreversible changes in sleep-wake rhythmicity in @entity1 treated previously for @entity977 with chiasm compression.Abstract Video: http://links.lww.com/COE/ @entity26522 .

title: @entity4611 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['Prolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['fragmented sleep, sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['Pituitary disorders', 'pituitary diseases']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Sleep disorders', 'sleep disorders', 'daytime sleepiness']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty ( @entity865 ), although not the traditional therapy, seems to be a safe alternative for @entity1 with @entity63 who are believed to be unsuitable candidates for open surgery. However, the efficacy of @entity865 in this setting has not been analyzed. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of @entity865 for limb salvage with outcomes of major limb amputation in physiologically impaired @entity1 believed to be unsuitable for open surgery. METHODS: From a prospective vascular registry, 314 @entity1 (183 underwent amputation, and 131 underwent complex @entity865 for limb salvage) were identified as physiologically impaired or unsuitable for open surgery. This was defined as having at least one of the following: functional impairment (homebound ambulatory or transfer only), @entity73 ( @entity303 ), or medical impairment (two of the following: @entity454 , @entity453 , and @entity1030 ). @entity1 undergoing @entity865 were compared with @entity1 undergoing amputation by examining the outcome parameters of survival, maintenance of ambulation, and maintenance of independent living status. Parameters were assessed by using Kaplan-Meier life-table curves (log-rank test and 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) and hazard ratios (HRs) from the Cox model. RESULTS: @entity865 resulted in a 12-month limb salvage rate of 63%. Thirty-day mortality was 4.4% for the amputation group and 3.8% for the @entity865 group. After adjustment for age, race, @entity6 , prior vascular procedure, @entity303 , and baseline functional status, @entity865 @entity1 had significantly lower rates of ambulation failure (HR, 0.44; P = .0002) and loss of independence (HR, 0.53; P = .025) but had significantly higher mortality (HR, 1.62; P = .006) than amputees. However, when life tables were examined, the maintenance of ambulation advantage lasted only 12 months ( @entity865 , 68.6%; 95% CI, 59.6%-77.7%; amputation, 48%; 95% CI, 40.4%-55.5%) and was not statistically significant at 2 years (62.2% [95% CI, 48.8%-71.5%] and 44% [95% CI, 35.8%-52.2%], respectively). Maintenance of independent living status advantage lasted only 3 months, with no statistically significant difference at 2 years ( @entity865 , 60.5%; 95% CI, 45.4%-75.6%; amputation, 52.6%; 95% CI, 40.4%-64.9%). Although mortality was high in both cohorts, @entity1 who underwent amputation had a survival advantage for all time intervals examined (at 2 years: @entity865 , 29%; 95% CI, 19.9%-38.1%; amputation, 48.1%; 95% CI, 39.2%-56.9%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who present with @entity63 and physiologic impairments that preclude open surgery seem to have comorbidities that blunt any functional advantage achieved after @entity865 for limb salvage. @entity865 in this setting affords very little benefit compared with amputation alone.

title: A comparison of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty versus amputation for XXXX in @entity1 unsuitable for open surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['mental impairment']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['critical limb ischemia']


abstract: Functional stability of the peritoneum is essential for @entity1 on long-term continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) treatment. Sixteen @entity1 on CAPD treatment for at least 4 years were studied. Their mean age was 47 +/- 15 years, 5 were males, and none were @entity6 . Residual @entity1011 clearance at the beginning was 2.1 +/- 2.6 mL/min. Once yearly since starting CAPD, we have evaluated their peritoneal ultrafiltration (UF) and diffusion capacities by calculating the peritoneal mass transfer coefficient (MTC, mL/min) for @entity1133 and @entity1011 . @entity1 were categorized so that we could distinguish the effect of @entity298 , betablockers, and @entity101 . For all @entity1 the average initial and final MTCs and UF values were not different. Early episodes of @entity298 (those occurring less than 36 months after starting CAPD) did not influence long-term function. However, late @entity298 (occurring greater than 36 months since initiation) induced a decrease in @entity1133 -MTC (22.3 +/- 6 to 15.8 +/- 3.9, p less than 0.05), @entity1011 -MTC (9.4 +/- 3.1 to 7.4 +/- 2.5, p less than 0.05), and a corresponding increase in UF (1.25 +/- 0.4 to 1.4 +/- 0.3, mL/min, p less than 0.05). Age, sex, betablockers and @entity101 did not influence the peritoneal parameters followed. After 5 years on CAPD, functional stability of the peritoneum is evident, except for @entity1 who suffer late episodes of @entity298 . We speculate that the peritoneum in @entity1 who have been on long-term CAPD are more susceptible to injuries, such as @entity298 , and that this results in functional deterioration.

title: Peritoneal functional parameters after five years on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD): the effect of late XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritonitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Electronic urinary output monitors, intended to provide urine output information to guide fluid therapy during burn resuscitation, can be inaccurate because of airlocks causing urine retention in the drainage tube and bladder. In this study, the authors explore the effects of airlock formation on urine output measured using an electronic urinary output monitor connected to either a standard commercial drainage tubing system or a drainage tubing system with an automated airlock clearing mechanism. In a multicenter study in the burn intensive care unit, urine output was compared between 10 control @entity1 with a standard commercial drainage tubing system and 10 test @entity1 with a novel automated airlock clearing drainage tubing system. The comparison was focused on identifying the number and magnitude of surges in urinary output because of airlocks and associated periods of false @entity1458 . In the control group, 5 of 10 (50%) @entity1 had drainage line flow impediments from 8 airlocks. In addition, control @entity1 experienced six associated periods of false @entity1458 . Airlock surge volumes ranged from 50 to 329   ml, and false @entity1458 duration ranged from 39.4 to 185.2 minutes. In the test group, 0 of 10 (0%) @entity1 had drainage line impediments from airlocks (P < .01), and hence, there were no periods of false @entity1458 . Airlocks and associated periods of false @entity1458 occur with standard commercial drainage tubing and are eliminated using an automated airlock clearing drainage tube. Electronic urinary output monitoring with self-clearing drainage has the potential to improve tracking of real-time urine output and decrease caregiver workload.

title: Inaccuracy of Urine Output Measurements due to Urinary Retention in Catheterized XXXX in the Burn ICU.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: A 30-year-old @entity1 was admitted to Mie University Hospital for recurrence of @entity227 with photopsia in the right eye. She had experienced the same episodes at the age of 15, 20, 25 and 28 years old. A diagnosis of retrobulbar @entity7995 had been made at each episode, but corticosteroid therapy failed to resolve the symptoms. Neurologic examination on admission was unremarkable except for the @entity2194 . Brain MRIs with and without @entity2287 enhancement were normal. On ophthalmologic examination, visual acuity was normal, but the Mariotte blind spot of the right eye was expanded. Ophthalmoscopic examination, visual evoked potential, flicker electro-oculogram and Hess test were normal. Multifocal electroretinogram (ERG) revealed reduction in the inferior temporal response of the right eye that corresponded to the expansion of the Mariotte blind spot These findings were consistent with conditions of acute @entity14930 (AZOOR). The visual symptoms of AZOOR thus resemble those of retrobulbar @entity7995 and findings of multifocal ERG were useful to differentiate them. AZOOR is a newly established condition, and it is necessary to pay more attention to AZOOR on the differential diagnoses of acute-onset @entity227 .

title: [Case of acute @entity14930 (AZOOR): a 15 years' mislabeling as retrobulbar XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defect of the right eye']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['sudden visual field defect', 'mono ocular visual disturbances']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity14930 :: ('MESH:C538223', 'Disease') :: ['zonal occult outer retinopathy']

answer: @entity7995 :: (MESH:D009902,Disease) :: ['optic neuritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6711 ( @entity6711 ) are one of the major risk factors for the development of @entity565 . The percentage of sensitization to @entity6711 was reported to be 71.9% in Taipei City. In southwestern Taiwan, the percentage of sensitization to @entity6711 has not been estimated. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of @entity748 @entity1 treated at the Chiayi branch of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital to investigate the percentage and associations with demographic characteristics. METHODS: We analyzed the data of 194 @entity748 @entity1 diagnosed between January 2003 and July 2005. Sensitization to indoor allergens was identified by serum specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) of ImmunoCAP. Demographic characteristics of age, gender and residence were evaluated for associations with @entity56 sensitization. RESULTS: The percentage of sensitization to @entity6711 was only 45.9% in @entity1 in southwestern Taiwan. The majority of the studied group were elderly @entity1 . The age variable significantly influenced the percentage of sensitization to @entity6711 and cockroaches (p < 0.001 in both comparisons). The gender variable contributed to sensitization to cockroaches only (p = 0.002). For residential variables, there was no significant difference in the percentage of @entity56 sensitization to all tested indoor allergens among distinct areas of southwestern Taiwan. CONCLUSION: The percentage of sensitization to @entity6711 in @entity748 @entity1 residing in southwestern Taiwan was lower than that in metropolitan @entity1 . This discrepancy might be attributed to the larger proportion of aged @entity1 .

title: Survey of XXXX @entity1 ' sensitization to house dust mites in southwestern Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity6711 :: ('MESH:D008924', 'Disease') :: ['HDM', 'House dust mites']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN.: A prospective multicenter study and retrospective chart review. OBJECTIVE.: To compare health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measures and @entity85 in @entity8322 (SK), operative @entity1615 ( @entity1615 ), and normal populations. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA.: No study to date has evaluated @entity1 reported HRQOL measures before surgery in operative @entity1 with SK. METHODS.: HRQOL data were prospectively collected pretreatment for operative @entity1 with SK using the SRS-22 outcomes instrument and visual analogue scale (VAS). Comparison was made with the SRS-22 from operative @entity1615 and normal populations. Eighty-six @entity1 with SK enrolled in the prospective study were compared with 184 @entity1 with @entity1615 from a prospective database and 31 normal controls. To study the correlation between T5-T12 @entity1513 magnitude and SRS-22 score, @entity1 with @entity1615 and SK were pooled together to create a larger continuum of @entity1513 . Analysis of covariance, Pearson correlation analysis, and Bonferroni pairwise comparisons were used to determine statistical differences between group demographics, HRQOL indicators, and radiographical variables. RESULTS.: @entity1 with SK had significantly lower scores in all domains of the SRS-22 than @entity1 with @entity1615 . @entity1 with SK with a thoracolumbar apex reported significantly lower mean scores in the @entity158 domain than those with a thoracic apex. Significant negative correlations were found between all domains of the SRS-22 and T5-T12 @entity1513 -the self-image domain demonstrated the highest correlation (r = 0.37). VAS score in the SK population correlated negatively to the @entity158 , self-image, and mental health domains. CONCLUSION.: Increasing @entity85 as a result of SK has a significant impact on HRQOL as determined by the SRS-22 outcome instrument. In this study, @entity1 with SK reported significantly decreased (worse) scores in all subdomains of the SRS-22 compared with @entity1 with @entity1615 .Level of Evidence: 1.

title: Effect of XXXX on Adolescent Quality of Life: Comparison of Operative @entity8322 , @entity1615 , and Normal Controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity8322 :: ('MESH:D012544', 'Disease') :: ['operative Scheuermann kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['sagittal plane deformity', 'sagittal deformity']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['Spinal Deformity']


abstract: @entity12448 ( @entity12448 ) is crucial for T cell proliferation, production of various cytokines, and T cell-dependent B-cell responses. To determine the serum soluble @entity12448 (sICOS) level and its association with clinical parameters in @entity1 with @entity785 ( @entity785 ), serum sICOS level was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 38 @entity1 with @entity785 and 24 healthy individuals. The expression of @entity12448 and @entity39064 in skin was examined immunohistochemically. There was no significant difference in serum sICOS level between @entity1 with @entity785 and healthy individuals. @entity1 with diffuse cutaneous @entity785 had higher levels of sICOS than those with limited cutaneous @entity785 (P < 0.05) or healthy individuals (P < 0.05). Serum sICOS level correlated positively with the severity of @entity272 . @entity1 with @entity785 and elevated sICOS level more often had @entity401 and decreased vital capacity than those with normal sICOS level. The serum sICOS level was significantly greater in @entity1 with early phase @entity785 than those with late phase @entity785 . @entity12448 and @entity39064 immunostaining were observed on infiltrating dermal mononuclear cells in lesional skin tissue. These results suggest that the serum level of sICOS is increased in @entity1 with diffuse cutaneous @entity785 and correlates with the severity and activity of @entity272 and @entity401 . @entity12448 may contribute to the development of @entity785 . In addition, measurement of serum sICOS level in @entity1 with early @entity785 may offer an important means for further evaluation of @entity785 disease severity.

title: Increased production of soluble XXXX in @entity1 with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12448 :: ('29851', 'Gene') :: ['ICOS', 'Inducible costimulator']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity12448 :: (29851,Gene) :: ['inducible costimulator']


abstract: To investigate whether there is a relationship between the inherent maximum growth rate of a @entity1573 and its degree of developmental plasticity, we studied the effects of food restriction on morphological and physiological development in P-line (selected for high growth rates) and C-line (nonselected) chicks of the @entity5872 between 2 and 64 d of age. In each line, three groups were created; one group in which the chicks were fed ad lib. and two other groups in which the chicks received 70% and 40% of the line-specific ad lib. feeding levels, respectively. In all three groups, @entity1573 survival rates were very high, and no relationship was detected between feeding level and @entity1573 mortality. The experimental feeding levels strongly affected the chicks' attainment of body mass at all ages. In addition, at most ages the growth of the structural components (wing, tarsus, and head) were also significantly affected by the feeding experiment but to a much smaller extent than the body mass. The feeding levels also affected the achievement of female sexual maturity such that, at the end of the experiment, most of the ad lib.-fed females and none of the females that received 40% of the ad lib. feeding level were laying eggs. In chicks of both lines that were fed ad lib., homeothermy was achieved at 7 d of age, but in chicks that received 40% of the line-specific ad lib. levels, homeothermy was achieved after 15-22 d of age. Poikilothermic chicks (P- and C-line) that were relatively heavy for their age exhibited relatively high resting metabolic rates (RMRs) and peak metabolic rates (PMRs) for their age. In addition, a positive relationship was found between the chicks' relative mass and RMR (based on mass-based predictive equations). No relationship was detected between the chicks' relative body mass and their relative PMR (relative to mass-based predictive equations). With respect to the metabolic scope (i.e., PMR-RMR), @entity5872 chicks exhibited remarkable developmental plasticity: chicks with body masses that were 50% lower than the normal growing chicks did exhibit a normal capacity of thermogenic heat production for their mass. Because no differences were found with respect to the level of plasticity of morphological and physiological development between the two strains, we conclude that the selection for high postnatal growth rates in P-strain chicks has not resulted in a in a higher vulnerability of these chicks to food restrictions.

title: The effect of food restriction on morphological and metabolic development in two lines of growing XXXX chicks.

entities_list: @entity5872 :: ('93934', 'Species') :: ['Japanese quail']

answer: @entity5872 :: (93934,Species) :: ['Japanese quail']


abstract: Transformation of @entity1 T cells by @entity537 allows the production of an unlimited number of T cells which express a functional T-cell receptor. In this study we transformed four T-cell lines derived from @entity309 synovial membranes. The transformed T cells were mainly @entity404 + and expressed the phenotype of activated T cells. They were grown for more than 1 year in the absence of mitogen or feeder cells, and three of them could be maintained without exogenous @entity1199 . The presence of viral DNA in the transformed cells was shown by in situ hybridization with a probe from the H-DNA region of the virus. No infectious virus could be recovered from the transformed cells. The relative proportion of the 24 different Vbeta families between the four transformed lines showed variations that increased with time. In the two T-cell lines transformed at an early stage of culture, the Vbeta2 family was maintained at about 10%. The dominant Vbeta2 clones that previously have been characterized in the @entity1 were found in all transformed T-cell lines. We have thus shown the feasibility of obtaining transformed T cells from synovial membranes. They contain the dominant clones that are considered of potential importance for the disease, permitting further functional studies.

title: Dominant clones in immortalized T-cell lines from XXXX synovial membranes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity537 :: ('10381', 'Species') :: ['herpesvirus saimiri']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: A team approach to the initial assessment, investigation and management of potentially seriously injured @entity1 has been instituted. Team members are alerted through an emergency paging system which is activated when a @entity1 fulfills one of a predetermined list of criteria relating to the injury incident, physiological status of the @entity1 and anatomic injuries. Medical members of the team include surgical, intensive care, anaesthetic, and accident and emergency staff. The surgical representative acts as team co-ordinator. Aspects of the function of the @entity130 team system were assessed over 4 months during which time 721 injured @entity1 were admitted, 240 @entity1 satisfied the @entity130 team criteria, and the team was called 152 times. The observed 'false alarm' rate was 38% but the true false alarm rate would have been 46%. Injuries sustained by some @entity1 , who satisfied the criteria but who were not evaluated by the team, were of sufficient severity to justify a greater compliance with the system than was observed at this early stage after its implementation. Although a false alarm rate of 46% is higher than desirable, the number of calls per day would still only average 2 in a hospital with a high @entity130 @entity1 load. The checklist criteria were highly sensitive (97%) in identifying those @entity1 who should have been evaluated by the @entity130 team. Although hospitals differ in workload and staffing, this @entity130 team model is recommended for more widespread use and for further evaluation and modification.

title: Implementation of a XXXX team.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The protein storage vacuole (PSV) is a plant-specific organelle that accumulates reserve proteins, one of the main agricultural products obtained from crops. Despite the importance of this process, the cellular machinery required for transport and accumulation of storage proteins remains largely unknown. Interfering with transport to PSVs has been shown to result in secretion of cargo. Therefore, secretion of a suitable marker could be used as an assay to identify mutants in this pathway. @entity30457 , a negative regulator of shoot stem cell proliferation, is an extracellular ligand that is rendered inactive when targeted to vacuoles. We devised an assay where trafficking mutants secrete engineered vacuolar @entity30457 and show reduced meristems, a phenotype easily detected by visual inspection of plants. We tested this scheme in plants expressing VAC2, a fusion of @entity30457 to the vacuolar sorting signal from the storage protein @entity2247 lectin. In this way, we determined that trafficking of VAC2 requires the SNARE @entity26227 but not its close homologue, the conditionally redundant @entity38066 protein. Furthermore, a @entity26227 mutant is specifically altered in transport of storage proteins, whereas a @entity38066 mutant is affected in transport of a lytic vacuole marker. These results demonstrate the specialization of @entity26227 and @entity38066 in mediating trafficking to storage and lytic vacuoles, respectively. Moreover, they validate the VAC2 secretion assay as a simple method to isolate genes that mediate trafficking to the PSV.

title: Divergent functions of XXXX and @entity38066 in trafficking to storage and lytic vacuoles in Arabidopsis.

answer: @entity26227 :: (839208(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['VTI12']


abstract: The chemokine receptor @entity436 is involved in the growth and metastasis of @entity5 cells. However, the expression of its ligand, the chemokine @entity1570 , in @entity5 and its role in regulating the accumulation of immune cells within the @entity5 is not clear. Using ELISA and immunohistochemistry we found that @entity1570 is expressed in the majority of @entity1149 tissue sections obtained from stage IA to IIB @entity1149 @entity1 undergoing operation. Histopathologic examination of these sections indicated that high @entity1570 expression correlated with @entity5 . In addition, disease recurrence rates in a subgroup of @entity420 @entity1 showed a tendency to correlate with high @entity1570 expression in the @entity5 . Isolation of @entity420 immune cells demonstrated an increase in the percentage of @entity404 + @entity7986 + @entity436 + T cells as compared with normal lung tissue. About 30% of these cells expressed the regulatory T cell markers @entity2902 high and @entity403 . The percentage of @entity405 T cells within the @entity5 did not change, however; the percentage of NK and NK T cells was significantly reduced. In correlation with @entity436 expression, @entity404 T cells showed increased migration in response to @entity1570 compared with @entity405 T cells and NK cells. Overall, these observations suggest that @entity1570 expression may influence @entity5 progression by shaping the immune cell population infiltrating lung @entity5 .

title: XXXX + @entity436 highCD69+ T cells accumulate in lung adenocarcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'adenocarcinoma tumors', 'increased tumor inflammation', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['nonsmall cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma-infiltrating', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: Four @entity1 with @entity17454 received bone marrow transplants (BMT) using monoclonal antibody T cell-depleted HLA-haploidentical marrow from a family member donor. The @entity1 did not receive a significantly larger inoculum of mature T cells than other recipients of T cell-depleted marrow transplants. All four @entity1 achieved quick engraftment, and three of the four @entity1 are alive and well today. The three living @entity1 have all had a complete return of normal T-cell and B-cell function. @entity166 in the surviving @entity1 were minimal; however, all three experienced some degree of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). Two of these three @entity1 received @entity2132 prophylaxis. The @entity1 not receiving @entity2132 prophylaxis experienced severe @entity2132 and had a difficult posttransplant course. The @entity1 who did not survive was chronically ill before BMT, whereas the other @entity1 were in relatively good health at the time of BMT. Since the majority of individuals with this disease lack a matched bone marrow donor, our results using partially matched donors suggest that a greater number of @entity1 can be successfully treated for @entity17454 and that outcome is related to control of @entity2132 and state of health before BMT. Marrow transplantation should be offered earlier in the disease course before the onset of major infectious problems.

title: Monoclonal antibody T-cell-depleted HLA-haploidentical bone marrow transplantation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17454 :: ('MESH:D014923', 'Disease') :: ['Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious complications']

answer: @entity17454 :: (MESH:D014923,Disease) :: ['Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome']


abstract: @entity263 is the most common @entity5 among elderly @entity1 . Due to its indolent course and the fact that the majority of contemporary @entity1 are diagnosed early, disease progression to @entity3 often occurs many years after the initial diagnosis. Elderly @entity1 who have concurrent severe illnesses may not experience progression to @entity3 during their lifetime. Therefore, it is reasonable to withhold active therapy in some @entity1 avoiding the associated risks, and impact on @entity1 quality of life. Watchful waiting (WW) is an adequate approach in such cases, and has been shown to be associated with a similar overall survival when compared with radical prostatectomy. However, the disease-specific survival was better in @entity1 who had undergone surgery. @entity263 @entity1 often find it hard to persist on a WW policy. This is due to their expectation to be treated, to fight, and win the battle over @entity5 . Consequently, many @entity1 who start on WW drop out and seek active treatment within several years, mostly when PSA elevation is noted. Active surveillance for @entity263 is a novel approach consisting of avoiding the risks of therapy, while allowing the early detection of those who are prone to progress. In these high-risk individuals delayed active treatment is offered. Active surveillance consists of periodic monitoring of the PSA serum level, digital rectal exam and repeated prostate biopsies. Threshold values for these parameters are pre-defined and active therapy is instituted when such threshold values are met. Preliminary results of active surveillance show that more @entity1 remain on a surveillance regimen as compared with the traditional WW; it is possible to offer curative treatment to individuals who were defined as having high risk by active surveillance parameters, and the disease-specific mortality is similar to that with WW. Active surveillance for @entity263 is a novel and fascinating approach that may improve our ability to distinguish between @entity1 who have a higher risk and need active therapy, and others in whom the risk for progression remains low and avoiding the risks of therapy is warranted.

title: [Management of XXXX with indolent biological potential: from watchful waiting to active surveillance].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Lodwick's well-established grading system of @entity79 has been widely used in predicting growth rate for @entity79 . We applied a Modified Lodwick-Madewell Grading System as an alternative means to categorize lytic bone @entity5 into those with low, moderate, and high risks of @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of the radiographs of 183 @entity79 was performed. Cases were selected to include a broad range of benign and @entity5 . Readers applied our Modified Lodwick-Madewell Grading System, and consensus was reached in all cases. This modified system consists of grade I, which is composed of grades IA and IB as listed in the Lodwick system; grade II, which is grade IC in the Lodwick system; and grade III, which is composed of IIIA (changing margination), IIB (moth-eaten and permeative patterns), and IIIC (radiographically occult). Grading was correlated with the final diagnosis. RESULTS: Of the 183 @entity5 , 81 were classified as grade I, 54 as grade II, and 48 as grade III. When correlating grade with pathology, we found that 76 of 81 (94%) grade I lesions were benign and 39 of 48 @entity75 (81%) were malignant. A nearly equal number of @entity75 proved to be benign (29/54; 54%) and malignant (28/54; 53%). CONCLUSION: By expanding Lodwick's grading system to include two additional patterns of disease described by Madewell and colleagues (changing margination and radiographically occult) and by reclassifying them into three distinct grades, we propose a modified system-the Modified Lodwick-Madewell Grading System. Application of this system shows correlation of @entity5 grade with @entity5 biologic activity and with risk of @entity5 : Grade I lesions are usually benign, @entity75 carry moderate risk of @entity5 , and @entity75 possess a high likelihood of @entity5 .

title: A Modified Lodwick-Madewell Grading System for the Evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions', 'lytic bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['grade II lesions', 'grade III lesions']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['Lytic Bone Lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The membrane attack complex C5b-9 causes injury in many forms of immune-mediated @entity8 characterized by mesangial cell (MC) proliferation and inhibiting C5b-9 decreases MC proliferation in vivo. Membrane insertion of sublytic quantities of the membrane attack complex of complement (C5b-9) is a potent stimulus for cell activation and the production of a variety of cytokines, growth factors, oxidants, matrix components, and other nephritogenic molecules. In vivo, a common response of MC to C5b-9--mediated injury is cell proliferation, an event closely linked to matrix expansion and @entity1463 . In this study, we tested the hypothesis that C5b-9 might also serve as a mitogenic stimulus for MCs. METHODS: @entity35 MCs in vitro were exposed anti- @entity18715 antibody and 2% normal PVG serum (a complement source) to induce sublytic C5b-9 attack and DNA synthesis and cell number were measured. Control MCs were exposed to antibody and @entity36 PVG serum. RESULTS: Sublytic C5b-9--induced @entity130 is sufficient to induce DNA synthesis. Furthermore, C5b-9 augmented DNA synthesis induced by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and 5% fetal calf serum. C5b-9--induced DNA synthesis was reduced by inhibiting reactive @entity26 species (ROS) with @entity224 dismutase and @entity12609 , but not by neutralizing the mitogenic growth factors PDGF and @entity664 ( @entity664 ). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that C5b-9 may directly increase DNA synthesis in cultured MCs, which are mediated in part by the release of ROS, and that C5b-9 also augments DNA synthesis induced in MCs by other known mitogens.

title: Complement (C5b-9) induces DNA synthesis in XXXX mesangial cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular diseases']

entities_list: @entity664 :: ('54250(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity36 :: ('MESH:C567307', 'Disease') :: ['C6-deficient']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury to MCs']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Role of osmolytes is though well established for salt, drought and chilling stress, but their role in pesticide stress is yet to be explored thoroughly. The sporadic information covers our previous studies on @entity1521 with respect to @entity1304 and @entity17284 pesticides in cyanobacteria. Therefore, during the present investigation importance of osmolytes (exogenous and endogenous) is studied in cyanobacterial biofertilizer @entity6702 in the presence of 25, 50, 75 and 100  g mL(-1) @entity2959 pesticide. Present investigation has two parts. In the first part we showed that @entity2959 exert its toxic effect on growth (biomass) via. @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) and @entity273 ( @entity274 ). This was associated with quantitative enhancement of endogenous osmolytes ( @entity1521 , @entity969 , @entity2656 , @entity7970 and glycogen). In the second part effort was made to corelate effect of exogenous addition of osmolytes (which were detected in the first part of this study) on growth and antioxidant enzymes [like @entity224 dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and @entity9050 peroxidase (APX)] of A. variabilis in the presence of 100  g mL(-1) @entity2959 . Surprisingly it was observed that exogenous osmolytes gave additional protection to the organism. The order of protection provided by osmolytes was as trehalose>glycogen> @entity969 > @entity2656 > @entity1521 in A. variabilis.

title: Exogenous osmolytes suppresses the toxic effects of @entity2959 on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity7970 :: ('MESH:D014199', 'Chemical') :: ['trehalose']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity1304 :: ('MESH:D004726', 'Chemical') :: ['endosulfan']

entities_list: @entity2959 :: ('MESH:D008294', 'Chemical') :: ['malathion']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate']

entities_list: @entity6702 :: ('1172', 'Species') :: ['Anabaena variabilis']

answer: @entity6702 :: (1172,Species) :: ['Anabaena variabilis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity364 are rare complications of injections for treatment of @entity1118 . In September 2012, we initiated an investigation into @entity364 associated with injections of preservative-free @entity8745 that was purchased from a single compounding pharmacy. METHODS: Three lots of @entity8745 were recalled by the pharmacy; examination of unopened vials later revealed fungus. Notification of all @entity1 potentially exposed to implicated @entity8745 was conducted by federal, state, and local public health officials and by staff at clinical facilities that administered the drug. We collected clinical data on standardized case-report forms, and we tested for the presence of fungi in isolates and specimens by examining cultures and performing polymerase-chain-reaction assays and histopathological and immunohistochemical testing. RESULTS: By October 19, 2012, more than 99% of 13,534 potentially exposed @entity1 had been contacted. As of July 1, 2013, there were 749 reported cases of @entity281 in 20 states, with 61 @entity204 (8%). Laboratory evidence of Exserohilum rostratum was present in specimens from 153 case @entity1 (20%). Additional data were available for 728 case @entity1 (97%); 229 of these @entity1 (31%) had @entity693 with no other documented @entity281 . Case @entity1 had received a median of 1 injection (range, 1 to 6) of implicated @entity8745 . The median age of the @entity1 was 64 years (range, 15 to 97), and the median incubation period (the number of days from the last injection to the date of the first diagnosis) was 47 days (range, 0 to 249); 40 @entity1 (5%) had a @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of data from a large, multistate outbreak of @entity364 showed substantial morbidity and mortality. The @entity281 were associated with injection of a contaminated glucocorticoid medication from a single compounding pharmacy. Rapid public health actions included prompt recall of the implicated product, notification of exposed @entity1 , and early outreach to clinicians.

title: XXXX associated with contaminated methylprednisolone injections.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Fungal infections', 'fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity8745 :: ('MESH:C000873', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone acetate']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['Fungal infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity910 Impairment Scale (DIS) is a new scale for measuring @entity3519 and @entity8684 in @entity306 ( @entity306 ). Previously, reliability of this scale has only been assessed for raters highly experienced in discriminating between @entity3519 and @entity8684 . AIMS: The aims of this study are to examine the reliability of the DIS used by inexperienced raters, new to discriminating between @entity3519 and @entity8684 and to determine the effect of clinical expertise on reliability. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 (17 males; 8 females; age range 5-22 years; mean age  =  13 years 6 months; SD  =  5 years 4 months) with @entity306 were filmed with the DIS standard video protocol. Two junior physiotherapists (PTs) and three senior PTs, all of whom were new to discriminating between @entity3519 and @entity8684 , were trained in scoring the DIS. Afterward, they independently scored all @entity1 from the video recordings using the DIS. Reliability was assessed by (1) Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), (2) @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ) and @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ) and (3) Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency. RESULTS: Interrater reliability for the total DIS, and for the @entity3519 and @entity8684 subscales was good for the junior PTs and moderately high to excellent for the senior PTs. @entity2246 and @entity1987 values for the total DIS were 6% and 15% respectively for the junior PTs and 4% and 12% respectively for the senior PTs. Cronbach's alpha ranged between 0.87 and 0.95 for the junior PTs and between 0.76 and 0.93 for the senior PTs. CONCLUSIONS: Reliability of the DIS scores for the inexperienced junior and senior PTs was sufficient in comparison with scores from the experienced raters in the previous study, indicating that the DIS can be used by inexperienced PTs new to discriminating between @entity3519 and @entity8684 , and also that its reliability is not dependent on clinical expertise. However, based on the measurement errors and questionnaire data, familiarity with operational definitions of @entity3519 and @entity8684 is crucial to improve scoring reliability.

title: Can the XXXX Impairment Scale be used by inexperienced raters? A reliability study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'Minimal Detectable Difference']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'Standard Error of Measurement']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['Dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity8684 :: ('MESH:D001264', 'Disease') :: ['choreoathetosis']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy', 'dyskinetic CP', 'CP']

answer: @entity910 :: (MESH:D004409,Disease) :: ['Dyskinesia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Genetically regulated host response to intravesical Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy was assessed using the @entity19 @entity150 MM45T in Bcgr and Bcgs inbred congenic strains of @entity19 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tumor detection and monitoring of treatment response to BCG was carried out using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of BALB/c (Bcgs allele) and BALB/c. @entity19649 ( @entity19649 ) (Bcgr allele) @entity19 implanted orthotopically with MM45T @entity5 cells. Intravesical BCG instillation (3 doses per week for 3 weeks) was used as prophylaxis against @entity5 implantation in both Bcgr and Bcgs strains and as definitive treatment against MRI-confirmed established @entity5 . @entity5 implanted in both strains of untreated @entity19 served as controls. Intravesical injection of BCG was also performed in established heterotopic subcutaneous @entity5 in both strains. Immunologic response in all groups was assessed by flow cytometric analysis of the bladder irrigation fluid cell composition, measuring @entity1961 + (helper/inducer) and CD8+ (cytotoxic/ suppressor) cell subsets. RESULTS: Intralesional injection of BCG into established heterotopic @entity5 showed growth inhibition in the Bcgs strain but not in the Bcgr strain. Intravesical BCG treatment against @entity5 showed significant @entity5 regression in the Bcgs strain compared to control but there was no effect in the Bcgr strain. CONCLUSION: The differential anti- @entity5 activity of BCG in the Bcgs and Bcgr congenic @entity19 strains supports the notion that Bcg gene-controlled responsiveness to BCG innoculation determines, at least partially, the host response to immunotherapy. These results have potential clinical significance in @entity1 selection for intravesical therapy for @entity150 .

title: Genetically regulated response to intravesical bacillus Calmette Guerin immunotherapy of orthotopic XXXX @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'established orthotopic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Visual acuity in @entity9529 has proven to be primarily related to the duration of foveation periods, during which the image of a target falls onto the fovea and eye @entity28308 slows down. It was found that the longer the foveation time the higher the visual acuity. However, the cycle-to-cycle variability of the eye position and @entity28308 during foveation periods also contribute to visual acuity. A high variability of the eye position during the foveations hinders a stable placement of the target image on the centralmost fovea and consequently decreases visual acuity. To investigate the relationship between @entity227 , infrared- oculographic and electro-oculographic eye position recordings of 20 @entity1 affected by @entity9529 were analysed in different gaze positions. In several @entity1 ' recordings, a high variability of the eye position during foveations (i.e. greater than 0.5 degrees) was detected. Correspondingly, low visual acuity was measured, in spite of sufficiently long foveation periods. The standard deviation of eye positions during foveation periods was used to measure this variability and it was found to be correlated to visual acuity, in conjunction with the mean duration of the foveation periods. On the basis of the data analysis, an exponential relationship is proposed to relate visual acuity and the standard deviation of the eye position during foveations.

title: Relationship between visual acuity and eye position variability during foveations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['different nystagmus features and visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity9529 :: ('MESH:D020417', 'Disease') :: ['congenital nystagmus']

answer: @entity9529 :: (MESH:D020417,Disease) :: ['congenital nystagmus']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Endovascular embolization is a well-established treatment of @entity1756 , but concern about its long-term stability and its ability to prevent rehemorrhage are still present. We evaluated the long-term clinical and angiographic follow-up of @entity1 with @entity1756 treated with coiling, focusing on rehemorrhage and changes in @entity439 morphologic features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 377 @entity1 with @entity1756 that were treated with endovascular approaches at our institution between 1994 and 2008 were reviewed. Clinical and angiographic data were analyzed from a prospectively collected data base. RESULTS: There were 377 @entity1 with 391 @entity1756 treated for 14 years. Good outcome (Glasgow Outcome Score [GOS], 5) was achieved in 74% of @entity1 , moderate disability or poor outcome in 18%, and 8.8% died. Permanent morbidity or mortality from procedural complications occurred in 2.9%. Complete follow-up was available for 85% of surviving @entity1 , with mean follow-up of 22.3 months. Re-treatment was required in 11% (31 @entity1 ). Eight (2.1%) @entity1 had rebleeding, 6 (1.6%) in the hospital within 30 days of treatment, 5 in the first 48 hours. Follow-up imaging was available in 276 @entity439 in 270 @entity1 . Recanalization occurred in 56 of 276 @entity439 (20.3%) regardless of the initial angiographic result, but the risk was higher if a body remnant was left (chi2, 11.791; P = .0006). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term clinical and angiographic follow-up demonstrates the efficacy of endovascular treatment of @entity1756 . Rebleeding after treatment is rare, with the greatest risk during the first 48 hours after treatment. Initial angiographic results are not a useful predictor of clinical outcome or rehemorrhage.

title: Clinical and angiographic follow-up of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms', 'ruptured cerebral aneurysms', 'ruptured intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity1756 :: (MESH:D017542,Disease) :: ['ruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with endovascular embolization']


abstract: Glucagon is secreted not only by A2-cells of the pancreatic islets but also by A cells in the gastric fundus and duodenum. Several reports have demonstrated that the glucagon plasma concentration is increased in genetic @entity6 as well as in many conditions associated with a decreased @entity413 tolerance such as @entity1575 , @entity583 , @entity166 , burns, @entity1457 , @entity12983 , acute @entity788 , @entity2012 , pheochromacytoma and @entity699 . Hyperglucagonemia is particularly important in @entity6 and in non-ketotic @entity772 . The mechanisms responsible for the @entity6 's hyperglucagonemia remain controversial. According to several authors, the increased glucagon secretion is, for its main part, secondary to a @entity1162 in @entity2690 secretion and thus relatively insensitive to an acute @entity2690 administration. According to others, the A cell abnormality is of primary origin, independant from @entity2690 deficiency and its effects are cumulative with those of the @entity2690 lack. Several reports dealing with induced or spontaneous experimental @entity6 are in favor of the first or the second hypothesis. It appears likely that glucagon plays a role in the metabolic derangments of @entity6 . Indeed, hepatic @entity413 production is closely related to the ratio of molar concentrations of @entity2690 and glucagon. Finally, in @entity2690 -dependant @entity6 , @entity1943 infusion reduces plasma glucagon concentration and blood @entity413 and prevents the development of @entity1270 after withdrawal of @entity2690 therapy. These results illustrate the contribution of glucagon in the pathogenesis of @entity4854 and @entity1270 . Several arguments have been accumulated in favor of the following concept: @entity6 results both from @entity413 under-utilization secondary to @entity2690 lack and from hepatic @entity413 over-production due to glucagon excess. Although controversial, the role of glucagon in ketogenesis appears likely.

title: [The role of glucagon in XXXX . A review (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic ketoacidosis', 'diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged defect']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['taumatic shock']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['hyperosmolar coma']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity12983 :: ('MESH:D005935', 'Disease') :: ['glucagonomas']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aim to analyze in detail the characteristics of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in drug-free @entity1 with @entity735 movement @entity146 (iRBD). We compare drug-free iRBD @entity1 to both normal controls and drug-free @entity1 with @entity2724 /RBD and evaluate the changes following the long-term use of bedtime @entity2053 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-six @entity1 were recruited: 15 with iRBD (13 @entity1 , 2 @entity1 ; mean age, 65.8  4.39years), 13 with @entity2724 /RBD (10 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 ; mean age, 63.0  6.73years), and 18 normal controls (10 @entity1 , 8 @entity1 ; mean age 69.4  7.72years). Sleep was video polysomnographically recorded and the RBD severity scale (RBDSS) was obtained. Chin electromyography (EMG) amplitude was quantitatively assessed and the atonia index was computed. Additionally, NREM sleep instability was evaluated using an automatic quantitative analysis. @entity1 with iRBD were re-evaluated after 2.75  1.62years of regular therapy with 0.5 to 1-mg @entity2053 at bedtime. RESULTS: Slow transient electroencephalography (EEG) events were increased in iRBD and decreased in @entity2724 /RBD, while fast transient events decreased in iRBD and increased in @entity2724 /RBD. During @entity1319 ( @entity1319 ) sleep the atonia index was reduced in both iRBD and @entity2724 /RBD groups and during NREM sleep atonia index was increased in iRBD @entity1 , remaining low in @entity2724 /RBD @entity1 . After long-term therapy with @entity2053 , wakefulness after sleep onset was decreased together with an increase in both @entity25 ( @entity25 ) and sleep stage 2, in which the latter reached statistical significance; sleep stages 1 and 2 instability significantly decreased and the duration of EEG transients also slightly but significantly decreased. Finally, chin tone was not modified by @entity2053 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms that @entity2053 modifies some aspects of NREM sleep in iRBD @entity1 with a decrease in its instability. Moreover, we also show that a complex modification of sleep chin atonia exists in these @entity1 , which also involves NREM sleep; for iRBD more complex neuropathologic models encompassing @entity1319 sleep and NREM sleep mechanisms are needed.

title: Effects of long-term use of @entity2053 on nonrapid eye movement sleep patterns in XXXX @entity146 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sleep behavior disorder']

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic rapid eye']

entities_list: @entity2053 :: ('MESH:D002998', 'Chemical') :: ['clonazepam']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['slow-wave sleep', 'SWS']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['REM', 'rapid eye movement']

answer: @entity1319 :: (MESH:D015835,Disease) :: ['rapid eye movement']