abstract: STUDY DESIGN: In this study, 10 @entity1 with chronic @entity3029 were treated by transoral anterior decompression and fusion. OBJECTIVES: To examine the benefits of the transoral approach, the @entity1 treated with this procedure were compared with the historical control subjects after 2 years of follow-up. SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND DATA: Chronic @entity3029 with @entity1745 is difficult to treat because the cord is compressed posteriorly by the posterior arch of the atlas as well as anteriorly by the posterior-superior portion of the axial body and nonunited dens. Its irreducibility, as a result of the bony scarring between the dens and the anterior body of the axis, and the locking of the lateral joints of C1-C2, makes reduction more complex. Posterior surgical approaches have been associated with high morbidity and mortality. METHODS: Ten @entity1 were diagnosed and followed up by clinical symptoms, radiography, pantopaque myelography, and computed tomography. They were treated surgically by transoral decompression and fusion. During the surgery the nonunited dens as well as callus, granulation, and scar tissue were removed; the cartilage of the articular surfaces of the atlantoaxial joint was excised. Postoperative treatment included skull-cervical biaxial traction, tracheostomy care, nasal feeding, and Minerva cast. RESULTS: The 2- to 6-year follow-up showed that four out of 10 @entity1 recovered completely and returned to work, three recovered to a great degree and ambulated, two partially recovered, and one recovered poorly. CONCLUSION: Transoral decompression and fusion offered satisfactory results in a series of @entity1 with chronic @entity3029 . None of the @entity1 showed serious complications of stability, even though only one had a secondary posterior fusion. Therefore, anterior decompression associated with subtotal obliteration of the @entity9807 without bone grafts is a feasible therapy for @entity3029 using a multifunctional bed and biaxial traction.

title: Transoral anterior decompression and fusion of chronic XXXX with @entity1745 .

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['cord compression']

entities_list: @entity9807 :: ('MESH:C538196', 'Disease') :: ['atlantoaxial joints']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation']

answer: @entity3029 :: (MESH:D004204,Disease) :: ['irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation']


abstract: Previous clinical and angiographic/histopathologic correlative studies have demonstrated that angiographic findings of occlusive @entity715 , intraluminal filling defects and complex lesion morphology indicate the presence of intracoronary @entity715 . The purpose of this study was to determine whether the presence of these descriptors of intracoronary @entity715 is associated with the syndrome of @entity1459 . The coronary angiograms of 50 @entity1 with @entity1459 without @entity583 (group I) and 42 concurrent @entity1 with @entity5749 (group II) were reviewed without knowledge of the clinical syndrome. @entity1 with prior @entity583 , coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass graft surgery were excluded, as were @entity1 with @entity472 . Each @entity3979 in a major epicardial vessel was evaluated for the presence or absence of intracoronary @entity715 (defined using standard criteria), complex lesion morphology (defined as the presence of haziness, a smudged appearance or irregular lesion margins) and eccentricity, and the frequency of each of these findings in groups I and II was compared. Intracoronary @entity715 was present significantly more often in group I @entity1 (42%) than in group II @entity1 (17%) (chi 2 5.77; p less than 0.02). Complex lesion morphology was also present significantly more often in group I (44%) than in group II (14%) @entity1 (chi 2 8.17; p less than 0.01). Either standard criterion for intracoronary @entity715 or complex morphology was present in 70% of group I but only 21% of group II @entity1 (chi 2 19.7; p less than 0.001). These results support a strong association of the angiographic descriptors of intraluminal @entity715 with the clinical syndrome of @entity1459 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Angiographic morphology of @entity3979 in @entity1459 : evidence of intracoronary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged rest angina']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['important aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: The use of free water surface treatment wetlands for @entity1507 reduction has an extensive basis in data from dozens of operating systems. Marshes are effective for denitrification, with first order areal annual rate constants centered on thirty-four meters/year. Performance improves at higher water temperatures, with a modified Arrhenius temperature factor of 1.090. Performance also increases with increasing hydraulic efficiency, created by prevention of short-circuiting, and reflected in values of the tanks-in-series parameter N > 5. Higher efficiencies are associated with submergent and emergent soft tissue vegetation, and lower efficiencies with unvegetated open water and forested wetlands. Hydraulic loadings of 2-7 cm/day can produce 30% @entity1507 load reductions, over the temperature range 6-20 degrees C. @entity505 availability limits denitrification at high @entity1507 loadings, however, wetlands produce @entity505 in sufficient quantities to support the loads anticipated in the upper midwest. The conversion of agricultural lands to treatment wetlands focused on @entity1507 reduction is termed @entity1568 (N) farming. (D.H. Hey, @entity1568 farming: harvesting a different crop. Restoration Ecology, 2002, 10 (1), 1-11). A demonstration project is indicated to address local issues and scale-up considerations. Such a project would require thorough monitoring for the purpose of optimizing and refining design models. Significant ancillary benefits of ecological diversity and wildlife habitat are certain to accompany the project, but are of secondary importance until the water quality functions are demonstrated. Regulatory issues include permitting and wetland classification. Economic issues include proper pricing of services and methods of revenue generation. Resolution of these potential difficulties may require modification of existing policies and institutions.

title: XXXX farming for pollution control.

entities_list: @entity505 :: ('MESH:D002244', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbon', 'carbon']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrogen', 'nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['Nitrogen']


abstract: A third of @entity1 with @entity43 ( @entity43 ) present @entity843 . The cellular fraction of @entity843 often consists of @entity43 cells, lymphocytes, and mesothelial cells, whereas the acellular fraction contains cytokines and angiogenic factors. Clinically, the presence of @entity843 correlates with intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal @entity5 spread. We have used @entity1 , a tumorigenic @entity43 cell line derived from the @entity5 of a chemonaive @entity43 @entity1 , as a model to assess the effect of @entity843 on migration potential using an in vitro wound-healing assay. A recent report of an invasion assay described the effect of @entity843 on the invasion potential of the @entity1 cell line. Ascites sampled from 31 @entity43 @entity1 were tested and compared with either 5% fetal bovine serum or no serum for their nonstimulatory or stimulatory effect on the migration potential of the @entity1 cell line. A supervised analysis of data generated by the Affymetrix HG-U133A GeneChip identified differentially expressed genes from @entity1 cells exposed to @entity843 that had either a nonstimulatory or a stimulatory effect on migration. Ten genes ( @entity21320 , @entity10815 , @entity8497 , @entity16283 , @entity8444 , @entity3220 , @entity21321 , @entity20820 , @entity21322 , and @entity1759 ) were upregulated in @entity1 cells exposed to @entity843 , allowing a nonstimulatory effect on cell migration. These findings were validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the gene expression of @entity21320 and @entity16283 each correlated with prognosis when their expression was assessed in an independent set of primary cultures established from @entity43 . This study revealed novel candidates that may play a role in @entity43 cell migration.

title: Effect of XXXX @entity843 on cell migration and gene expression in an @entity43 in vitro model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'OV-90', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['EOC', 'ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer', 'ovarian ascites']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant ascites', 'tumor']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length (2D:4D) is sexually dimorphic (mean 2D:4D is lower in males than females) and is thought to be fixed early in development. 2D:4D has been reported to be related to fetal growth, hand preference, @entity2438 , @entity13104 , sperm counts, family size, age at @entity583 in @entity1 and @entity0 in @entity1 . There is indirect evidence that 2D:4D is established in utero and is negatively related to prenatal @entity251 and positively with prenatal @entity53 . However, there are no studies which show direct relationships between fetal @entity251 (FT), fetal @entity53 (FE) and 2D:4D. AIMS: To investigate the relationships between 2D:4D ratios and FT and FE from amniotic fluid. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study. SUBJECTS: 33 @entity1 . OUTCOME MEASURES: Radioimmunoassays of FT and FE obtained from routine amniocentesis; 2D:4D ratios calculated from 2nd and 4th digit length of the right and left hands at age 2 years. RESULTS: A significant negative association between right 2D:4D ratio and FT/FE ratio, which was independent of sex. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary findings lend support to an association between low 2D:4D and high levels of FT relative to FE, and high 2D:4D with low FT relative to FE.

title: 2nd to 4th digit ratios, fetal @entity251 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity13104 :: ('MESH:D020817', 'Disease') :: ["Asperger's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: Tubal insufflation with @entity544 is one of the ambulatory and non-invasive procedures in use for the evaluation of tubal patency. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the findings obtained at @entity5274 are reliable enough to avoid laparoscopy with instillation of dye for its inherent risk of severe operative complications. Diagnostic accuracy, positive and negative predictive @entity5274 were compared with that of the reference method (laparoscopy) in 107 @entity249 @entity1 of childbearing age without previous pelvic @entity32 , @entity43 . No result was obtained from @entity5274 in 13 @entity1 for intolerance or technical problems. The positive predictive value (percentage of correct positive findings, i.e., tubes patent) was 0.79 (130/165 tubes), the negative predictive value (percentage of correct negative findings) 0.43 (10/23) with an overall diagnostic accuracy (percentage of correct findings) of 0.74. If both tubes were reported patent on insufflation (68 @entity1 ), this finding was confirmed in 82% (56/68) on laparoscopy. The remaining 18% also include the rate of false negative findings (tubes falsely reported as occluded) on laparoscopy which may account for up to 10% according to the literature. False negative findings on insufflation were reported at a frequency of 21% (35/165 tubes). COMMENT: The diagnostic accuracy of @entity5274 with @entity544 is definitely inferior to that of laparoscopy. In view of the frequency of false negative findings, its use as a screening procedure should be restricted to young @entity1 with a low probability of @entity432 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Is insufflation with XXXX as an ambulatory procedure for evaluating tubal patency obsolete today?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertile']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['tubal or ovarian surgery']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['tubal insufflation', 'value of tubal insufflation']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['tubal occlusion']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: Gender-related differences in outcome after @entity583 may relate to biased treatment allocation. To address this concern we analyzed 573 @entity1 presenting with ST-segment elevation @entity583 ( @entity583 ), and treated within 6 hours with reperfusion therapy. Two-hundred eighty @entity1 (49%) received direct coronary angioplasty, whereas 293 (51%) received thrombolytics followed by angioplasty (p = NS). Seventy-four percent were @entity1 and 26% were @entity1 (p = NS for differences in sex distribution between the 2 treatment groups). @entity1 were older in both groups (p < 0.01). Inferior @entity583 was seen more often in @entity1 (64% of direct angioplasty, 71% of lytic first) than in @entity1 (51% and 59%, respectively; p < 0.03). There was no gender-related differences in presence of multivessel @entity453 , prior @entity583 , prior bypass surgery, baseline ejection fraction, percentage of @entity1 with ejection fraction < or = 40%, number of narrowings dilated, or angioplasty success. @entity1 who underwent direct angioplasty had more multivessel disease (p < 0.001) and prior coronary artery bypass surgery (p = 0.002). After a mean follow-up of 129 +/- 113 weeks, no gender-related differences were seen in the need for cardiac catheterization, documented restenosis, @entity583 , coronary artery bypass surgery, clinical @entity63 , or @entity204 . @entity1 treated with direct angioplasty were more likely to undergo coronary artery bypass surgery (p < 0.05) or to die (p < 0.01). Thus, @entity1 undergoing reperfusion therapy for ST-segment elevation were older than @entity1 , with a higher frequency of inferior wall @entity583 . No specific gender-related bias in treatment allocation was evident.

title: Gender-related differences in reperfusion treatment allocation and outcome for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: 122 @entity1 were operated upon because of chronic @entity788 within 15 1/2 years. Mortality during and immediately after surgery was 9.8%, later mortality was 4.9%. 104 @entity1 were still alive at follow up. In 40 @entity1 most of the @entity788 was left during surgery. Late results were good or satisfactory in 67.5%; @entity1735 tolerance was impaired in 35%, and exocrine insufficiency of the pancreas was present in 32.5% of these cases. In another group most of the pancreas was removed; 86% of these @entity1 improved permanentely, 46% had impaired @entity1735 metabolism, 83% exocrine insufficiency of the pancreas. Good results can be achieved, if impaired @entity1735 metabolism, 83% exocrine insufficiency of the pancreas. Good results can be achieved, if indications are carefully choosen. Personality traits of the @entity1 have to be taken into account when choosing the surgical approach. Advantages of a two session surgical approach combined with conservative treatment are discussed.

title: [Late results after surgery in chronic XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: The objective of this study was to assess and compare @entity604 ( @entity604 ) around the dental implant platform as well as the presence of bacterial plaque (PBP), @entity548 on probing (BOP), and periodontal @entity92 ( @entity92 ) of teeth and dental implants of smokers and nonsmokers. Three hundred forty-seven teeth and 98 implants of 20 randomly selected @entity1 were assessed (12 smokers and 8 nonsmokers). The specimens were divided into 4 groups according to the site probed. Group 1 included smoker implant sites, group 2 included smoker tooth sites, group 3 included nonsmoker implant sites, and group 4 included nonsmoker tooth sites. The presence/absence of visible bacterial plaque, presence/absence of BOP, @entity92  <= 3 mm or >3 mm, and @entity604 around the dental implant platform were the data assessed. The PBP and @entity604 showed statistical significance between smokers and nonsmokers. Bleeding on probing and @entity92  <= 3 mm showed statistical significance between groups 1, 3, and 4. Comparing sites with BOP and @entity92 > 3 mm, there was no statistical significance except for group 1, which did not present sites with these characteristics. Comparing sites with BOP and @entity92  <= 3 mm, there was statistical significance between group 2 and groups 3 and 4. When comparing the prevalence of sites without BOP and @entity92 > 3 mm, there was statistical significance between groups 1, 3, and 4. Smoking promotes a greater @entity604 around the dental implant platform and results in vasoconstriction of the peri-implant and periodontal tissues.

title: Relationship between smoking and XXXX on probing.

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'probing depths']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: The enzyme, @entity1816 dehydrogenase/delta 5-4 isomerase ( @entity11187 ) is an essential element in the biosynthetic pathway for potent adrenal @entity134 hormones that appear to regulate maturation of many tissues in utero and are critical for homeostasis after birth. The results of prior studies are suggestive that @entity11187 activity in the @entity1 fetal adrenal (HFA) is very low and restricted to the outer zone of cortical cells, the neocortex (NC), during mid-gestation. Near the time of birth, however, there must be enhanced expression of this enzyme to allow for adaptation to extrauterine life. In the present study, we sought to characterize, by use of immunohistochemical methods, the cellular localization and developmental changes of @entity11187 in the HFA during the interval of 11-41 wks gestation. Early in gestation, 11-15 wks, we noted considerable @entity11187 in NC and in occasional fetal zone (FZ) cells as well. Thereafter until 24-25 wks, @entity11187 was very low in NC cells and virtually absent from the FZ. Throughout the third trimester, the outer 1/2-2/3 of the NC was increasingly immunostained and clusters of immunoreactive cells also appeared near the central medullary vein of the adrenal. The NC cells and those located in the cortical cuff region that expressed @entity11187 resembled @entity4091 cells. Among many other fetal tissues studied, only testicular Leydig cells (18,19 wks) and hilar cells of the ovary (26 wks) were found to contain @entity11187 in quantities sufficient to be detected by immunohistochemistry. These results are suggestive of a heretofore undocumented stimulus to @entity11187 in the HFA in early gestation followed by a suppression of the adrenal concentration of this enzyme during mid-gestation. High levels of @entity11187 in early development may facilitate @entity701 production, which is believed to play a role in differentiation of the medullary precursors during this developmental period. The control of adrenal @entity11187 during @entity1 fetal development may be more complex than initially envisioned and requires further study.

title: Immunohistochemical evaluation of the cellular localization and ontogeny of XXXX dehydrogenase/delta 5-4 isomerase in the @entity1 fetal adrenal gland.

entities_list: @entity1816 :: ('CHEBI:36836', 'Chemical') :: ['3 beta-hydroxysteroid']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['zona glomerulosa']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity1816 :: (CHEBI:36836,Chemical) :: ['3 beta-hydroxysteroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abnormal @entity146 have been reported in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) during @entity935 replacement therapy (DRT) and associated with individual predisposing features, including @entity23 . However, @entity23 and compulsive symptoms have never been explored in @entity191 @entity1 before initiation of DRT. We previously reported a 20% of @entity23 ( @entity23 ) in an Italian cohort. METHODS: 103 consecutive newly diagnosed drug-na  ve @entity191 @entity1 (means: age = 60.5    9.2 years; duration = 15.4    15.3 months) were screened for compulsive @entity146 , @entity23 ( @entity74 Interview, MIDI), and @entity11532 (South Oaks Gambling Screen, SOGS). Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Questionnaire (MOCQ/R) assessed @entity23 , obsessive-compulsive symptoms, respectively. @entity308 (GDS-15) and general cognitive status were additionally assessed. We also compared ICDs frequency with our healthy controls. RESULTS: 17.5% of @entity191 @entity1 screened positive for at least one @entity23 at MIDI (17/103) and SOGS (1/103), though none had a disorder based on DSM-IV criteria. These frequencies were similar to healthy controls. There was a trend toward higher scores in BIS-11 attentive- @entity23 subscale (15.2    4.8 vs. 18.7    4.9; P = 0.007) and in MOCQ/R-Doubting subscale (0.67    1.1 vs. 1.5    1.2; P = 0.007) in @entity191 with @entity23 . We also observed a positive correlation between GDS-15 and BIS-11. CONCLUSIONS: Similar to our healthy control population, we found a significant proportion of early @entity191 @entity1 positive for ICDs before starting treatment. We also found a relationship between @entity23 and @entity308 . A detailed behavioral assessment before starting dopaminergic therapy is recommended.

title: Impulsivity and compulsivity in drug-na  ve @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behavior, compulsive buying', 'repetitive behaviors']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulsivity', 'impulse control disorders', 'ICD', 'intermittent explosive disorder']

entities_list: @entity11532 :: ('MESH:D005715', 'Disease') :: ['pathological gambling']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Minnesota Impulsive Disorders']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Increased pressures on health-care budgets mean that governments require good value for money from the resources devoted to health care. In many countries, measures have been introduced to increase efficiency or to contain health-care costs. These include price controls, limitations on reimbursement of health technologies, budgetary reform in health-care institutions, and the encouragement of competition. Given this changing environment, it is important that drugs and other health technologies be shown to give good value for money. The methods of economic evaluation, such as cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis, can be used to assess the value of drugs and other health technologies. They have been widely applied. The economic evaluation of drugs in @entity1095 and @entity64 would compare the cost of adding the drug with its benefits. These would include improvements in length and quality of life and the savings in treating vascular events that may be postponed, or lessened in intensity, by effective drug therapy. One study, following a clinical trial of @entity10099 in @entity64 , suggested that there would be significant reductions in costs through reductions in hospital stay if recovery was aided. Further research and a large multicenter trial are under way to confirm these findings. In @entity3657 there are no economic data collected alongside clinical trials. It is known, however, that the costs of @entity63 can be significant. A study in the U.K. found that arterial construction would cost around pounds 7,750 per @entity1 (1989 prices) and amputation around pounds 11,000 per @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Economic evaluation of drugs in @entity1095 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral artery disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['leg ischemia']

entities_list: @entity10099 :: ('MESH:D009257', 'Chemical') :: ['naftidrofuryl']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity417 is a common comorbid condition in various inflammatory states and an established predictor of mortality in @entity1 with @entity712 , @entity741 , and @entity454 . The present study of @entity1 with @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) undergoing endovascular repair (EVAR) assessed the relationships between baseline hemoglobin concentration and @entity1028 size, as well as @entity417 and long-term survival. METHODS: Between March 1994 and November 2006, 711 @entity1 (65 @entity1 , mean age 75.8 +/- 7.8 years) underwent elective EVAR. @entity417 was defined as a hemoglobin level <13 g/dL in @entity1 and <12 g/dL in @entity1 . Post-EVAR mean follow-up was 48.3 +/- 32.0 months. Association of hemoglobin level with @entity1028 size was assessed with multiple linear regression. Mortality was determined with use of the internet-based Social Security Death Index and the electronic hospital record. Kaplan-Meier survival curves of anemic and nonanemic @entity1 groups were compared by the log-rank method. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the influence of @entity417 on vital status after EVAR. RESULTS: A total of 218/711 (30.7%) of @entity1028 @entity1 undergoing EVAR had @entity417 at baseline. After adjustment for various risk factors, hemoglobin level was inversely related to maximum @entity1028 diameter (beta: - .144, 95%-CI: -1.482 - .322, P = .002). Post-EVAR survival was 65.5% at 5 years and 44.4% at 10 years. In long-term follow-up, survival was significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity417 as compared to @entity1 without @entity417 (P < .0001 by log-rank). Baseline hemoglobin levels were independently related to long-term mortality in multivariable Cox regression analysis adjusted for various risk factors (adjusted HR: 0.866, 95% CI: .783 to .958, P = .005). Within this model, statin use (adjusted HR: .517, 95% CI: .308 to .868, P = .013) was independently related to long-term survival, whereas baseline @entity1028 diameter (adjusted HR: 1.022, 95% CI: 1.009 to 1.036, P = .001) was an independently associated with increased mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Baseline hemoglobin concentration is independently associated with @entity1028 size and reduced long-term survival following EVAR. Thus, the presence or absence of @entity417 offers a potential refinement of existing risk stratification instruments.

title: @entity417 is associated with @entity1028 ( XXXX ) size and decreased long-term survival after endovascular @entity1028 repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['AAA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The management and outcome of 138 @entity1661 were examined over a 5-year period. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: It has been proposed that exploratory laparotomy may be unnecessary and even overused in a subset of @entity1 with @entity1661 . METHODS: Data on shotgun wound @entity1 from October 1987 through March 1992 from a statewide @entity130 registry were examined. @entity1 with @entity1661 were identified and compared with @entity1 with nonabdominal shotgun wounds. RESULTS: Of 516 shotgun wound @entity1 , 138 (26.7%) had abdominal wounds and 88 (63.8%) had exploratory laparotomies. Abdominal shotgun wounds resulted in significantly longer number of intensive care unit days (4.3 vs. 2.5, p < 0.05), a greater number of blood units transfused (7.8 vs. 2.4, p < 0.05), and a higher mortality (15.9% vs. 4.8%, p < 0.05) when compared with nonabdominal shotgun wounds. When stratified for @entity130 score, the mortality for @entity1661 always was significantly greater than for nonabdominal shotgun wounds. All @entity1661 wound @entity1 with @entity130 scores less than ten died. The negative laparotomy rate for @entity1661 wound @entity1 with normal @entity130 scores was 9.4%. No @entity1 with a negative laparotomy died. CONCLUSION: Abdominal shotgun wounds are a particularly lethal subset of shotgun wounds. Although some @entity1661 wound @entity1 can be managed without laparotomy, the morbidity and mortality for these injuries are substantial, even in @entity1 with normal @entity130 score. Clinical judgment is an excellent predictor of the need for laparotomy.

title: Management and outcome of @entity1661 . XXXX score and the role of exploratory laparotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal shotgun', 'abdominal shotgun wounds']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: Manipulation and mobilisation are often used, either alone or combined with other treatment approaches, to treat @entity4048 . This review assesses if manipulation or mobilisation improves @entity158 , function/disability, @entity1 satisfaction, quality of life (QoL), and global perceived effect (GPE) in adults experiencing @entity4048 with or without cervicogenic @entity10 or radicular findings. A computerised search was performed in July 2009. Randomised trials investigating manipulation or mobilisation for @entity4048 were included. Two or more authors independently selected studies, abstracted data, and assessed methodological quality. Pooled relative risk (pRR) and standardised mean differences (pSMD) were calculated. 33% of 27 trials had a low risk of bias. Moderate quality evidence showed cervical manipulation and mobilisation produced similar effects on @entity158 , function and @entity1 satisfaction at intermediate-term follow-up. Low quality evidence suggested cervical manipulation may provide greater short-term @entity158 relief than a control (pSMD -0.90 (95%CI: -1.78 to -0.02)). Low quality evidence also supported thoracic manipulation for @entity158 reduction (NNT 7; 46.6% treatment advantage) and increased function (NNT 5; 40.6% treatment advantage) in acute @entity158 and immediate @entity158 @entity4048 (NNT 5; 29% treatment advantage). Optimal technique and dose need to be determined.

title: Manipulation or mobilisation for XXXX : a Cochrane Review.

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['neck pain', 'reduction in chronic neck pain']

answer: @entity4048 :: (MESH:D019547,Disease) :: ['neck pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity6864 agonists such as @entity12721 , used in @entity1 with insulin resistance have been shown to reduce neointimal @entity1373 in the short term. However recent studies suggest increased cardiovascular risk for some @entity12721 . Longer-term animal studies show inhibition of endothelial regrowth post endothelial injury which may account for some of the increased risk. We studied the effect of @entity12098 on @entity7 , FGF and insulin stimulated endothelial cells to determine if this was a mechanism of inhibition of endothelial regrowth. METHODS AND RESULTS: FGF/ @entity7 stimulated @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation and apoptosis was measured, in vitro, in the presence and absence of @entity3190 , with and without treatment with the @entity6864 agonist @entity12098 . Activation of @entity1366 and p38MAPK was measured under the same conditions. There was 40% decrease in proliferation with @entity12098 in @entity7 stimulated cells, which was reversed by insulin. @entity1366 activation was decreased by @entity12098 in @entity7 stimulated cells and was partially reversed by insulin. p38MAPK activation was increased by @entity12098 and was unaffected by insulin or @entity7 . @entity12098 also increased endothelial cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION: @entity6864 agonists may have detrimental cardiovascular effects post angioplasty especially in @entity1 with insulin resistance. We have shown that one of the mechanisms may be inhibition of endothelial regrowth and re-endothelialization by inhibition of @entity7 /FGF stimulation of the @entity1366 pathways in endothelial cells.

title: Effects of a XXXX agonist, on growth factor and insulin stimulated endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone', 'Pioglitazone']

entities_list: @entity12721 :: ('MESH:D045162', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazolidinediones']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

answer: @entity6864 :: (5468,Gene) :: ['PPAR-gamma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the etiology, clinical presentation, management and outcome of @entity5572 in adult @entity1 admitted at Hamad general hospital, Qatar. METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted to involve all adult @entity1 who sequentially encountered episodes of @entity5572 during the period from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2010. Blood cultures were drawn from all @entity1 in the first 24 hours after admission. In addition, all @entity1 had stool examinations and indirect Hemagglutination test for Entameba histolytica. Aspiration of abscess was done under CT guidance and aspirated pus was sent for gram stain and culture. RESULTS: In total, 67 @entity1 were admitted with @entity5572 ; 56 @entity1 with @entity10577 and 11 with @entity9111 . There were 61 (91%) males and six (9%) females and their mean age was 47.4    18.5 years. Fever, @entity490 were the commonest presenting features. Of the 56 @entity10577 @entity1 , four discharged against medical advice and seven refused all invasive procedures and were treated with antibiotics for six weeks. The remaining 44 (79%) @entity1 were treated with antibiotics and one or more invasive procedures, while one @entity1 was treated surgically. The commonest organism isolated was @entity55 found in 21 @entity1 (38%). The mean duration of hospitalization was 13.6    8.1 days; the mean duration of antibiotic therapy was 34.7    40.6 days, and one @entity1 died. In contrast, all @entity9111 @entity1 underwent ultrasound guided aspiration and showed good response to @entity868 treatment. Their mean duration of hospitalization was 7.7    4.1 days, mean duration of therapy was 11.8    2.1 days, and all @entity1 were cured. CONCLUSION: @entity10577 was more common than @entity9111 with @entity55 being the commonest organism. With good medical measures and early @entity5572 , surgical intervention was unnecessary in almost all the cases.

title: Epidemiology, Clinical Features and Outcome of XXXX : A single Reference Center Experience in Qatar.

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscess', 'drainage of liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Klebseilla pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity10577 :: ('MESH:D046290', 'Disease') :: ['pyogenic liver abscess', 'Pyogenic liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity9111 :: ('MESH:D008101', 'Disease') :: ['amebic liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain and vomiting']

answer: @entity5572 :: (MESH:D008100,Disease) :: ['Liver Abscess']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Home telemonitoring figures among the various solutions that could help attenuate some of the problems associated with aging populations, rates of @entity102 , and shortages of health professionals. OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this study was to further our understanding of the clinical effects associated with home telemonitoring programs in the context of @entity102 . METHODS: We conducted a systematic review which covered studies published between January 1966 and December 2008. MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, and the INAHTA (International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment) database were consulted. Our inclusion criteria consisted of: (1) English language publications in peer-reviewed journals or conference proceedings and (2) studies involving @entity1 with @entity6 , @entity565 , @entity712 , or @entity101 , and presenting results on the clinical effects of home telemonitoring. RESULTS: In all, 62 empirical studies were analyzed. The results from studies involving @entity1 with @entity6 indicated a trend toward @entity1 with home telemonitoring achieving better glycemic control. In most trials in which @entity1 with @entity565 were enrolled, results showed significant improvements in @entity1 ' peak expiratory flows, significant reductions in the symptoms associated with this illness, and improvements in perceived quality of life. Virtually all studies involving @entity1 with @entity101 demonstrated the ability of home telemonitoring to reduce systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure. Lastly, due to the equivocal nature of current findings of home telemonitoring involving @entity1 with @entity712 , larger trials are still needed to confirm the clinical effects of this technology for these @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Although home telemonitoring appears to be a promising approach to @entity1 management, designers of future studies should consider ways to make this technology more effective as well as controlling possible mediating variables.

title: Clinical effects of home telemonitoring in the context of XXXX , @entity565 , @entity712 and @entity101 : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases', 'chronic illness']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical significance of the incidental finding of @entity2495 foci in the breast at @entity419 PET/CT in @entity1 with @entity0 or during a screening examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The files of 13,897 @entity1 who underwent FDG PET/CT from November 2004 to October 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Forty-eight @entity1 with incidental breast uptake had undergone either tissue confirmation or clinical follow-up with additional sonographic imaging. The following four variables were evaluated: age, maximum standard uptake value (SUV(max)) of breast uptake at FDG PET, findings in the CT portion of PET/CT, and sonographic findings. Malignancy rates were calculated for each variable. RESULTS: Malignancy was diagnosed in 18 (37.5%) @entity1 and a benign condition in 30 (62.5%) @entity1 . Statistically significant differences in @entity5 rate were found between the groups with SUV(max) less than 2 (24.2%) and the group with SUV(max) of 2 or greater (66.7%) and between the group with lesions in a BI-RADS ultrasound category lower than 4 (10.7%) and the group with lesions in category 4 or higher (75.0%) (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in @entity5 rates between the groups younger than 45 years (11.1%) and 45 years and older (53.3%) or between the group with lesions in a BI-RADS category lower than 4 (30.2%) and that with lesions in category 4 or higher (100%) on the CT portion of PET/CT. CONCLUSION: Incidental @entity2495 foci in the breast may represent @entity5 in as many as 37.5% of cases. The SUV(max) and sonographic findings can be useful for differentiating benign from malignant lesions.

title: Clinical significance of incidental finding of focal activity in the breast at XXXX PET/CT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease other than breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2495 :: ('MESH:C565498', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetabolic']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-FDG']


abstract: The @entity377 -excision repair (NER) system is crucial for the removal of bulky DNA adducts during spermatogenesis. Dysfunction of its repair capacity is likely related to the increased susceptibility to DNA damage. In this study, four polymorphisms in NER pathway ( @entity2174 @entity21052 , @entity11833 @entity21053 , XPD @entity20317 and XPF @entity21054 ) were selected to evaluate their potential impact on sperm DNA damage and @entity4810 . Genotypes were determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Sperm DNA damage was evaluated by @entity10730 -mediated @entity21055 nick-end labelling assay. A case-only study of 620 @entity249 @entity1 found a significant association between @entity2174 @entity21052 polymorphism and sperm DNA damage. Individuals with the @entity2174 (-4) A allele showed more sperm DNA damage and lower sperm concentration than G allele carriers. Further analysis, including 620 @entity1 and 385 controls, revealed a 1.52-fold risk (95% CI 1.08-2.02) of developing @entity4810 in the @entity2174 (-4) AA carriers compared with noncarriers. Luciferase assay verified that the promoter with the @entity2174 (-4) A allele had a lower transcriptional activity than that with the G allele. These data provide the first evidence that @entity21056 polymorphism in @entity2174 promoter alters its transcriptional activity and, thus, might contribute to sperm DNA damage and @entity4810 . Sperm DNA integrity is essential for the accurate transmission of genetic information. To our knowledge, few studies have elucidated the effect of DNA repair gene single- @entity377 polymorphisms on sperm DNA integrity, although the DNA repair system is indispensable in maintaining genetic stability and normal spermatogenesis. In this original study, we evaluated the potential impact of the polymorphisms in the @entity377 -excision repair pathway on the risk of sperm DNA damage based on 620 @entity249 @entity1 and 385 controls, and provided the first evidence that @entity21056 polymorphism in the promoter for the @entity2173 group A gene altered its transcriptional activity, which might contribute to sperm DNA damage and @entity4810 .

title: Polymorphisms of @entity377 -excision repair genes may contribute to sperm DNA fragmentation and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertile']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2173 :: ('MESH:D014983', 'Disease') :: ['xeroderma pigmentosum']

entities_list: @entity21054 :: ('p|SUB|S|835|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ser835Ser']

entities_list: @entity20317 :: ('p|SUB|K|751|Q', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Lys751Gln']

answer: @entity4810 :: (MESH:D007248,Disease) :: ['male infertility']


abstract: Neonatal EEG, cerebral evoked potentials, CT scan findings and their evolution were investigated in 42 neonates who eventually developed the @entity739 . In @entity1 with perinatal @entity519 , the EEG displayed most often marked or maximal @entity308 in the first week of life. The highly abnormal initial EEG improved progressively with time. The most frequent findings in early infancy was discontinuous tracing and persistent alternating tracing at 1-2 months, and absent sigma rhythms at 3-4 months. The VEP, AEP and CT scan also showed findings suggesting severe degree of @entity75 . In @entity1 with @entity693 , the initial EEG was less depressed but the EEG abnormality persisted or worsened. In @entity1 with prenatal causes the neonatal EEG was variable, ranging from a normal background EEG to specific abnormalities. The evolution of paroxysmal abnormalities was similar in all groups. There were no @entity302 in early months. The appearance of @entity739 was preceded by focal and then multifocal spike or sharp wave discharges.

title: Neurophysiological and neuroradiological features preceding XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['hypsarrhythmia', 'West syndrome']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptiform discharges']

answer: @entity739 :: (MESH:D013036,Disease) :: ['infantile spasms']


abstract: The occurrence of @entity259 ( @entity259 ) in @entity1 with germline @entity8958 mutation is well established, but the occasional occurrence of @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) in this setting remains unexplained. We report a case of @entity259 and @entity3557 in a @entity1 with germline @entity8958 mutation, and investigate the molecular pathogenesis of these two @entity5 . A 48-year-old @entity1 presented with cervical @entity3329 and was found to have metastatic @entity259 involving cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes. He underwent thyroidectomy and debulking of metastatic disease. The resected thyroid showed bilateral @entity259 and a 1-cm @entity3557 . His lymph node @entity3 were predominantly @entity259 along with a small focus of metastatic @entity3557 . Molecular testing using peripheral blood revealed a germline @entity8958 point mutation ( @entity24329 ). Both @entity5 were analyzed for the @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) mutation and the @entity8958 / @entity2750 translocation. The @entity3557 was positive for the @entity817 mutation but negative for @entity8958 / @entity2750 . The @entity259 was negative for both abnormalities. We conclude that the @entity259 was caused by the germline @entity8958 mutation, while the @entity3557 was caused by a somatic @entity817 mutation. The occurrence of @entity3557 in @entity1 with germline @entity8958 mutations appears to be purely coincidental.

title: Synchronous metastatic medullary and @entity3557 in a @entity1 with germline XXXX mutation: case report, molecular analysis, and implications for pathogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity24329 :: ('p|SUB|V|804|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Val804Met']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity8554 :: ('p|SUB|V|600|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Val600Glu']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['medullary thyroid carcinoma', 'MTC', 'synchronous MTC']

answer: @entity8958 :: (5979,Gene) :: ['RET']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One of the advocated benefits of minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT) is reduction of @entity282 . We compared in a prospective @entity158 after video-assisted and conventional thyroidectomy (CT). METHODS: One hundred sixty-nine @entity1 (56 @entity1 , 113 @entity1 , mean age: 50    14 years) operated between November 2007 and February 2008 were included. MIVAT was performed if thyroid volume was <30 ml or the nodule diameter < 35 mm. @entity282 scores were documented on a visual analog scale (VAS; 0   =   no and 100   =   unbearable @entity158 ) at 8, 24, 36, and 48 h after surgery. Additionally, postoperative analgesic consumption was registered. RESULTS: Seventy-five @entity1 (17 @entity1 , 58 @entity1 , mean age: 45    15 years) underwent MIVAT and 94 (39 @entity1 , 55 @entity1 , mean age: 54    15 years) CT. The mean overall VAS score at 8, 24, 36 and 48 h did not significantly differ between the groups (26    21 vs. 26    19 at 8 h, 17    15 vs. 21    18 at 24 h, 11    13 vs. 10    11 at 36 h and 7    12 vs. 6    8 at 48 h in MIVAT and CT group, respectively) [p = ns]. Twelve vs. 13 @entity1 (16% vs. 14%) required opioid administration on the day of the operation [p = ns]. CONCLUSIONS: The length of the skin incision seems not to influence the perception of @entity158 after thyroid surgery.

title: Evaluation of XXXX after minimally invasive video-assisted and conventional thyroidectomy: results of a prospective study. ESES Vienna presentation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['study pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The heterogeneity of @entity161 psychopathology has led to a search for symptom clusters that could be related to broad features of the disease. The objectives of the study were to: (1) highlight the pattern of symptoms among Kuwaiti subjects with @entity161 , using the ICD-10 symptom checklist; (2) assess the factor structure of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale 18 (BPRS-18) and BPRS-24, and (3) evaluate the relationship of the resulting factors with sociodemographic characteristics, age at onset of illness, family history of @entity1032 , objective indicators of quality of life, self-esteem, affect balance, family caregiver burden, @entity1 's perceptions of service satisfaction and needs for care. METHOD: Consecutive outpatients in stable condition were assessed with the BPRS and ICD-10 symptom checklist, as well as measures of quality of life, needs for care, service satisfaction and family caregiver burden. RESULTS: There were 130 @entity1 (66.1% @entity1 , mean age = 36.8 years, age at onset of illness = 24.2 years, duration of illness = 12.9 years). Of the ICD-10 symptoms, the commonest positive symptoms were @entity1833 (58.5%) and delusions (72%). @entity1109 were rare (2.9%). About a quarter of the subjects experienced 4 of the negative symptoms. In exploratory factor analysis, we broadly replicated the known syndromes for BPRS-24 (disorganization, positive, activation, @entity162 , negative and @entity308 ) and BPRS-18 (negative, positive, activation and affect). In regression analyses, the variables independently associated with psychopathology were family income, negative affect, self-esteem, duration of illness, age, lack of money for enjoyment, met needs for care and caregiver tension. The negative syndrome had more significant associations with the variables investigated than the positive syndrome. Psychopathological scores were separable from indices of psychological well-being. CONCLUSION: In this first study of @entity161 psychopathology from the Arab world, the clinical manifestations were similar to the data from the developed countries. The persistence of @entity716 symptoms despite freely available antipsychotic treatment and the impact on caregiver burden call for attention to the perennial issue of treatment resistance and underscore the need for continued interaction with family members after the acute inpatient phase of treatment, in order to address the impact of symptoms.

title: XXXX psychopathology in a Kuwaiti Arab sample.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Catatonic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a correlate to physical examination in various @entity602 and a predictor of functional outcome. OBJECTIVES: To describe associations among MRI features, @entity51 before MRI, and functional outcome in @entity235 with disk herniation. ANIMALS: One hundred and fifty-nine @entity235 with acute thoracolumbar disk herniation. METHODS: Retrospective case series. Signalment, initial neurological function as assessed by a @entity3517 ( @entity3517 ), and ambulatory outcome at hospital discharge and >3 months (long-term) follow-up were recorded from medical records and telephone interview of owners. Associations were estimated between these parameters and MRI signal and morphometric data. RESULTS: @entity235 with intramedullary T2W hyperintensity had more severe pre-MRI @entity3517 (median 2, range 0-4) and lower ambulatory proportion at long-term follow-up (0.76) than those @entity235 lacking hyperintensity (median @entity3517 3, range 0-5; ambulatory proportion, 0.93) (P=.001 and .013, respectively). Each unit of T2W length ratio was associated with a 1.9 times lower odds of long-term ambulation when adjusted for pre-MRI @entity3517 (95% confidence interval 1.0-3.52, P=.05). @entity235 with a compressive length ratio >1.31 (which was the median ratio within this population) had more severe pre-MRI @entity3517 (median 3, range 0-5) compared with those with ratios < or =1.31 (median @entity3517 3, range 0-4; P=.006). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: MRI features were associated with @entity130 severity in @entity235 with thoracolumbar disk herniation. Based on results of this study, the T2W length ratio and presence of T2W intramedullary hyperintensity appear to be predictive of long-term ambulatory status.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging in XXXX with neurologic impairment due to acute thoracic and lumbar intervertebral disk herniation.

entities_list: @entity3517 :: ('MESH:C564098', 'Disease') :: ['modified Frankel score', 'MFS']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathies']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['initial injury']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Early @entity134 discontinuation (within 5 days after transplant) has been associated with a lower incidence of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). A retrospective study was done to assess the incidence of PDTM in relation to racial groups in kidney transplant recipients who received early @entity134 discontinuation. METHODS: Between January 2002 and January 2004, 125 consecutive, primary adult kidney transplant recipients (51 cadaveric donor, 74 living donor) were performed at the University of Illinois at Chicago. The first 34 recipients were treated with @entity134 maintenance therapy, while the remaining 91 underwent early @entity134 discontinuation. Group A (n = 91) had @entity230 discontinued on postoperative day 6 and maintenance immunosuppression consisting of @entity1140 and @entity618 . Group B (n = 34) received the same immunosuppression but was maintained on @entity230 indefinitely. Induction consisted of Thymoglobulin in African-Americans; all others received Simulect. RESULTS: At 1 year, @entity1 and graft survivals were similar in both groups; there was a trend for reduction of acute rejection rates in group A (4% vs 12%). The incidence of @entity6 was significantly lower in group A (7%) compared to group B (26%; P = .0209). The incidence of @entity6 in group A was limited to Hispanic @entity1 . African-Americans and Caucasians in group A did not experience @entity6 (P = .005 compared to African-Americans in group B). CONCLUSION: A @entity134 -free protocol virtually eliminated the incidence of @entity6 in African-Americans and Caucasians but had no effect on the development of @entity6 in Hispanic recipients. Alternative immunosuppression may benefit this population.

title: Effect of race on the occurrence of posttransplant diabetes in kidney transplant recipients treated with early XXXX discontinuation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['PTDM', 'posttransplant diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: The effect of paternal age on the risk of @entity600 among offspring is less well studied than the effect of maternal age, with few comprehensive epidemiologic studies having been conducted. Advanced paternal age has been shown to be associated with an increase in new dominant mutations that result in particular @entity154 . The relationship between paternal age and more common @entity600 , for example, @entity299 , has not been as extensively evaluated. Therefore, a total of 4,110 cases of @entity4297 was identified from the British Columbia Health Surveillance Registry. Matched controls were obtained from the birth files of British Columbia for the years 1952-1973. Prevalence odds ratios for paternal age, adjusted for maternal age and other factors, were estimated for 8 @entity299 groups. A suggestive general pattern of increasing risk with increasing age among cases (excluding @entity2008 ) relative to controls was found for @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ), @entity118 ( @entity118 ), and @entity2461 ( @entity2461 ). In addition, an increased risk among @entity1 younger than 20 yr was found for @entity1757 and @entity118 . These findings are consistent with the results of some previous epidemiologic studies. Based on the results of this study it is estimated that for @entity299 such as @entity1757 , approximately 5% of cases may be due to advanced paternal age (> 35 yr), possibly through dominant mutations.

title: Paternal age and the risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defects']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['PDA', 'patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defects']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defects', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defect', 'cardiac defects']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity4297 :: (MESH:D006330,Disease) :: ['congenital heart defects']


abstract: The @entity209 ( @entity209 ) and conditions of insulin resistance are often characterized by an increase in @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk without a concomitant increase in low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C), suggesting that other atherogenic pathways maybe involved. Intestinally derived chylomicron remnants ( @entity24664 -r) are also thought to contribute to @entity2299 during insulin resistance. Recent animal and @entity1 studies suggest that insulin resistance leads to an over-production of intestinal @entity24664 ( @entity24664 ), which can contribute to fasting and @entity2299 during these conditions. We and others have contributed new insights into the mucosal absorption, efflux and secretion of @entity165 and @entity412 (TG) in intestinal @entity24664 during conditions of insulin resistance. One of the pertinent discoveries has been that the intestine has the capacity to increase the secretion of @entity24664 during conditions of @entity2915 (observed in the JCR:LA-cp @entity35 model). Advances to identify @entity165 -transporter targets have highlighted the contribution of the intestine to whole body @entity165 metabolism. @entity3709 (EZ) is a novel pharmaceutical compound that reduces intestinal @entity165 absorption. We know that @entity3709 either alone, or in combination with a @entity2453 reductase inhibitor (such as @entity3413 [SV]) can decrease both plasma LDL-C and @entity24664 -r concentrations. However, the combined effects of these compounds (EZ+SV) on @entity2299 and/or impact on arterial deposition of @entity165 during @entity209 have not been studied. The focus of this review is to highlight studies using an animal model of @entity209 and @entity24664 over-production (the JCR:LA-cp @entity35 ), and to summarize the effects of @entity3709 on intestinal @entity165 flux, @entity24664 metabolism and uptake of @entity165 into arterial vessels.

title: Model of intestinal chylomicron over-production and @entity3709 treatment: impact on the retention of XXXX in arterial vessels.

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['atherogenic dyslipidemia', 'post-prandial dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-insulinemia']

entities_list: @entity3709 :: ('MESH:C108606', 'Chemical') :: ['ezetimibe', 'Ezetimibe']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity24664 :: ('MESH:C535460', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'chylomicrons']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: From July 1979 to December 1985 we observed 51 @entity1 with traumatic lesions of the descending thoracic aorta. Twenty-nine had acute @entity397 , mostly accompanied by @entity1230 , and 27 had to be operated upon immediately. Twenty-two @entity1 (19 males, 3 females) had chronic traumatic @entity439 of the descending thoracic aorta (more than six weeks after @entity130 ). Mean age at the time of @entity130 was 24 years. Mean age at time of surgery was 36.5 years. Twelve @entity1 were symptomatic. All were treated surgically. At surgery, complete aortic disruption was found in 15 @entity1 and partial @entity397 in seven. We did not use aortic shunting of any kind, only aortic cross-clamping. @entity101 was controlled by intravenous drug infusion. The ruptured aortic segment was replaced in all cases by prosthetic Dacron graft. There were no operative deaths. One @entity1 (age 77) died 11 weeks after surgery from @entity881 . One case of postoperative @entity451 was observed. This @entity1 recovered almost completely from his @entity51 .

title: Traumatic XXXX of the descending thoracic aorta.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: The effects of early exposure to @entity11189 on sexual maturation were investigated in young male @entity5872 . Quail in Treatment A were fed a soy- @entity4336 starter mash with 10 micrograms @entity11189 /g added from 7 to 21 days of age. Treatment B quail were fed this from 14 to 28 days of age. Animals from each treatment were sampled at intervals from 25 days to 70 days of age. Both behavioral and physiological indicators of sexual maturation were monitored including measurements of @entity146 , cloacal gland area, testes weight, and peripheral concentrations of @entity251 . Statistical estimation was conducted to determine the age at which occurred rapid increase in hormone concentrations and morphological variables indicative of sexual maturation. Control animals showed increased @entity251 concentration at 26 days and increased testes weight at 27 days. The cloacal gland area enlarged by 34 days and @entity146 was first observed at 31 days. Animals in the A treatment had rapid testicular growth at 29 days and @entity251 concentrations rose after 27 days. Concentrations were @entity308 compared to those of controls. Cloacal gland @entity1184 occurred after 37 days; initial sexual activity began at 35 days. The B treatment animals began showing evidence of sexual maturation significantly later with increasing testes weight by 36 days, @entity251 concentrations by 37 days, cloacal gland area by 37 days, and initial sexual activity at 35 days. This experiment indicates that exposure to @entity11189 at an early age results in a delay in physiological and behavioral sexual maturation. Animals exposed between 7 and 21 days recovered slightly earlier than those treated between 14 and 28 days.

title: The early influence of XXXX upon sexual maturation in the male @entity5872 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behavior']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity11189 :: ('MESH:D000348', 'Chemical') :: ['aflatoxin']

entities_list: @entity5872 :: ('93934', 'Species') :: ['Japanese quail']

answer: @entity11189 :: (MESH:D000348,Chemical) :: ['aflatoxin']


abstract: @entity3747 can be detected clinically and through lab tests after thyroidectomy. AIM: To analyze the incidence and risk factors of clinical and @entity3747 after thyroid surgery. METHODS: Prospective study of 91 @entity1 undergoing thyroidectomy. Demographics, intraoperative, and pathological aspects were correlated to our @entity3747 findings. RESULTS: Age higher than 50 (p = 0.022) and complete thyroidectomy (p < 0.001) were considered risk factors for @entity261 . Complete thyroidectomy was considered a risk factor for the 48-hour @entity2480 (p = 0.004). There was no risk factor associated with the one-month @entity2480 . There was significance between the 48-hour and the one-month @entity2480 . CONCLUSIONS: Thyroidectomy extension is a risk factor for both the clinical and @entity2480 , whereas age is a risk factor for clinical @entity261 . The detection of 48-hour @entity2480 is a predisposing factor for the one-month @entity2480 . However, most of the cases were temporary.

title: Prospective study of clinical and XXXX after thyroid surgery.

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['Hypocalcemia', 'laboratorial hypocalcemia', 'hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2480 :: ('MESH:D007757', 'Disease') :: ['laboratorial hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['hypoparathyroidism']

answer: @entity3747 :: (MESH:D006996,Disease) :: ['laboratorial hypocalcemia']


abstract: Locally advanced @entity788 may require resections of the portal vein and/or its major tributaries to achieve @entity5 extirpation, albeit with the potential for increased morbidity and mortality. However, major venous resections can impart complete @entity5 extirpation and thereby a survival advantage compared with resections with residual microscopic disease. This study was undertaken to determine if resection of the portal vein and/or its splenic or superior mesenteric venous (SMV) tributaries is a worthwhile endeavor. Since 1995, @entity1 undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for @entity788 have been prospectively followed. The impact of portovenous resections (portal vein, SMV, and/or splenic vein) on survival was evaluated using survival curve analysis (Mantel-Cox test). Margins were codified as R0 or R1 and data are presented as median, mean +/- SD where appropriate. For 220 @entity1 undergoing PD for @entity788 , survival was 17 months. @entity1 undergoing R0 resections had improved survival relative to @entity1 undergoing R1 resections (20 vs 13 months, P < 0.03). Concomitant portovenous resections were undertaken in 48 @entity1 . There was no difference in survival after PD without portovenous resection (17 months) versus PD with portovenous resection (18 months). Resections with complete @entity5 extirpation (i.e., R0 resections) provide superior long-term survival; all efforts to obtain R0 resections should be undertaken. Portovenous resections during pancreaticoduodenectomy can be undertaken safely and are worthwhile when complete @entity5 extirpation is attainable.

title: Resection of portovenous structures to obtain microscopically negative margins during pancreaticoduodenectomy for XXXX is worthwhile.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: @entity120 is a frequent condition after heart valve surgery. It may significantly complicate the perioperative management and increase @entity1 ' morbidity and mortality. The treatment has not been yet completely defined principally because of lack of the selectivity of drugs for the pulmonary vasculature. The usage of inhaled @entity7604 could be the possible therapeutic option. Inodilator @entity7604 is commonly used intravenously for @entity1 with @entity120 and @entity67 in cardiac surgery. The decrease in systemic vascular resistance frequently necessitates concomitant use of @entity1063 . Pulmonary vasodilators might be more effective and also devoid of potentially dangerous systemic side effects if applied by inhalation, thus acting predominantly on pulmonary circulation. There are only few reports of inhaled @entity7604 usage in adult post cardiac surgical @entity1 . We reported 2 @entity1 with severe @entity120 after valve surgery. Because of desperate clinical situation, we decided to use the combination of inhaled and intravenous @entity7604 . Inhaled @entity7604 was delivered by means of pneumatic medication nebulizer dissolved with saline in final concentration of 0.5 mg/ml. The nebulizer was attached to the inspiratory limb of the ventilator circuit, just before the Y-piece. We obtained satisfactory reduction in mean pulmonary artery pressure in both @entity1 , and they were successfully extubated and discharged. Although it is a very small sample of @entity1 , we conclude that the combination of inhaled and intravenous @entity7604 could be an effective treatment of @entity120 in high-risk cardiac valve surgery @entity1 . The exact indications for inhaled @entity7604 usage, optimal concentrations for this route, and the beginning and duration of treatment are yet to be determined.

title: Combined usage of inhaled and intravenous XXXX in @entity120 after heart valve surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'secondary pulmonary hypertension', 'Secondary pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity7604 :: ('MESH:D020105', 'Chemical') :: ['milrinone']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity7604 :: (MESH:D020105,Chemical) :: ['milrinone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity15 ( @entity15 ) is a chronic @entity6220 . @entity16 are caused by @entity21 due to @entity17 and neuroinflammation within the central nervous system. T cells mediate the neuroinflammation. The activation of T cells is induced by the release of @entity855 and involves purinergic receptors as well as pannexin (Panx) proteins. As @entity18539 is expressed on T cells, we here propose that application of @entity20660 , a known Panx inhibitor, will prevent the onset of clinical symptoms in a @entity19 model of @entity15 , the @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ) model. @entity6503 -induced @entity19 received daily injections of @entity20660 . Disease scores, T cell numbers, and microglia activation were compared between experimental groups. @entity20660 treatment resulted in lower disease scores as compared to @entity6503 animals. @entity20660 -treated animals also displayed fewer @entity198 . Microglia activation was not altered by treatment. In conclusion, @entity20660 prevented the onset of @entity6503 .

title: XXXX Application Prevents Clinical Symptoms and Inflammation in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological impairments']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['axonal damage']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple sclerosis', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity20660 :: ('MESH:D011339', 'Chemical') :: ['Probenecid', 'probenecid']

answer: @entity20660 :: (MESH:D011339,Chemical) :: ['Probenecid']


abstract: The interaction between @entity842 (NO) and cyclooxygenase (COX) was studied in a @entity95 model of @entity8 , the ureteral obstructed hydronephrotic kidney (HNK). Ex vivo perfusion of the HNK but not the control kidney (e.g., unobstructed contralateral kidney, CLK), led to a time-dependent release of @entity3542 ( @entity6836 ), a breakdown product of NO. Stimulation of the HNK with @entity1812 (BK) evoked a time-dependent increase in @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) production. @entity7293 ( @entity7293 ), which blocks the activity of both constitutive and inducible @entity842 synthase (cNOS and iNOS), @entity5118 , a recently described selective iNOS inhibitor, @entity619 , or @entity1880 abolished the release of @entity6836 - and attenuated the exaggerated BK-induced @entity1421 production. This supports the existence of iNOS and @entity12050 in the HNK. In the CLK, BK elicited release of both @entity6836 - and @entity1421 but this did not augment with time. @entity7293 but not @entity5118 , @entity619 , or @entity1880 attenuated @entity6836 - and @entity1421 release indicative of the presence of constitutive but not inducible NOS or COX. The current study suggests that the endogenous release of NO from cNOS in the CLK activates a constitutive COX resulting in optimal @entity1421 release by BK. In addition, in the HNK, NO release from iNOS activates the induced COX resulting in markedly increased release of proinflammatory prostaglandin. The broader implication of this study is that the cyclooxygenase isozymes are potential receptor targets for @entity842 .

title: Endogenous @entity842 enhances prostaglandin production in a model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5118 :: ('MESH:C004479', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoguanidine']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'NG-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal inflammation']


abstract: We treated 48 symptomatic @entity75 of the talar dome arthroscopically. Of these, 18 @entity1 had an @entity174 with a loose fragment located in every case on the anteriolateral side of the talus. Treatment consisted of removal (16 cases) or fixation (2 cases) of the bone fragment. Thirty @entity1 had chronic lesions (27 subchondral @entity39 with a sequestrum and 3 extensive cysts). The lesion was posteromedial in 27 cases and the treatment consisted of removal of the sequestrum with curettage of the @entity39 (27 cases) or transchondral drilling if the cartilage surface was intact (3 cases). All the @entity1 were clinically and radiogically reviewed with a mean follow-up of 5 years (7 months to 11 years). @entity1 treated for an @entity174 obtained significant better results (16 excellent or good results out of 18 cases) than those treated for chronic lesions (20 excellent or good results out of 30 cases). On radiographic examination, we noticed that, even at the longest follow-up, the bone healing was usually incomplete and the @entity79 persisted indefinitely in case of extensive @entity39 . The articular surface could be seen in 11 cases (8 computed arthrotomographies, 1 magnetic resonance imaging, and 2 second-look arthroscopies). The fibrous cartilaginous surface was apparently regular in 6 cases without any clear correlation with our clinical results. This study suggests that we must make a distinction between @entity174 (recent or not healed) located in the anterolateral part of the talar dome, which carry a good prognosis, and @entity39 located medially, which are less likely to have a favorable outcome.

title: Arthroscopic treatment of XXXX of the talar dome: a retrospective study of 48 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondral fracture', 'osteochondral fractures']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'necrotic lesions', 'subchondral bone necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondral lesions']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defect']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['osteochondral lesions']


abstract: The one-stage intracolonic bypass procedure prevents gastrointestinal secretions and fecal content from coming in contact with an anastomotic site without interrupting the intraluminal continuity of the fecal flow from proximal to distal colon. This can be achieved by the intraluminal implantation of a soft, pliable tube above the anastomotic site. Previous clinical and experimental data have indicated that the intracolonic bypass procedure can protect an @entity254 in the presence of maximal @entity694 , gross dehiscences, or @entity298 . This report presents 28 @entity1 with @entity4436 , all of whom were treated by one-stage intracolonic bypass procedures. Ten of the 28 @entity1 had @entity298 , and 18 had pericolic abscesses. Results indicate no deaths and no @entity834 . Three @entity1 (10.7%) had a complicated postoperative course. One @entity1 with @entity298 had prolonged ileus and a @entity358 , and one had a @entity583 . Both of these @entity1 responded to medical therapy. Another @entity1 had a wound @entity281 . The hospital stay ranged from 10 to 18 postoperative days. All @entity1 passed the tubes spontaneously 2 to 3 weeks after operation. The one-stage intracolonic bypass procedure can be recommended as a viable alternative to the two- or three-stage procedures commonly used for @entity4436 .

title: The treatment of XXXX by one-stage intracolonic bypass procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakages']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary effusion']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['perforated diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic loading']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['fecal peritonitis', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity4436 :: (MESH:D004238,Disease) :: ['perforated diverticulitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The gold standard for endoscopic surveillance of @entity355 ( @entity355 ) includes targeted biopsies (TBs) from abnormalities as well as stepwise four-quadrant biopsies (4QBs) for detection of invisible high-grade @entity3146 (ECs). In a large mixed @entity355 population, we investigated the rate of HGINs/ECs that are macroscopically occult to enhanced visualization with high-resolution endoscopy plus @entity1543 chromoendoscopy. METHODS: From January 2007 to December 2009, 701 consecutive @entity355 @entity1 were enrolled in a prospective study at a tertiary referral center. Of these, 406 @entity1 had a history of HGIN/EC (high-risk group) and 295 @entity1 did not (low-risk group). RESULTS: In 701 @entity1 , 459 TBs and 5,485 4QBs were obtained. Altogether, 92 @entity1 with 132 lesions containing HGINs/ECs were detected. For the diagnosis of HGINs/ECs, @entity1 -related sensitivity and specificity rates of endoscopic imaging with TBs were 96.7 and 66.5%, with a positive and negative predictive value of 30.4 and 99.3%, respectively. In the high-risk group, 4QBs identified three additional @entity1 (3.3%) with macroscopically occult HGINs/ECs. In the low-risk group, no HGINs/ECs were identified with either biopsy approach. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced endoscopic imaging identifies the vast majority of @entity355 @entity1 with @entity5 , and the additive effect of 4QB is minimal. Therefore, in low- and high-risk @entity1 , limiting endoscopic surveillance to guided biopsies is justified in specialized high-volume centers with permanent quality control. However, we do not advocate abandoning 4QB outside this setting.

title: Incidence of XXXX in @entity355 : are random biopsies dispensable in the era of advanced endoscopic imaging?

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['BE', "Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early neoplasias']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasias (HGINs) or early carcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['macroscopically occult neoplasias']


abstract: The @entity784 including @entity4888 and the S  zary syndrome, are @entity706 with @entity6831 . Like the indolent @entity1892 , they cannot be cured by currently available systemic chemotherapy so new systemic therapies need to be developed. A study of very high-dose recombinant interferon alfa-2a was, therefore, initiated in 20 @entity1 with advanced @entity784 (5 in stage II, 2 in stage III and 13 in stage IV). All @entity1 were refractory to at least 2 standard therapies, including topical @entity1568 mustard (18 @entity1 ), psoralens and ultraviolet A light (12 @entity1 ), total skin electron irradiation (14 @entity1 ) and systemic chemotherapy (16 @entity1 ). Nine out of 20 @entity1 (45%; 95% confidence interval 25-69%) had either objective partial or complete responses within 3 months of starting treatment. Maximal response, however, often did not occur for at least one year. The median duration of response was 5.5 months and all complete responses lasted more than 2 years. Response frequencies were equal at both cutaneous and extracutaneous sites and in @entity1 with or without prior chemotherapy. @entity137 was exhibited primarily as @entity683 consisting of fever, malaise, @entity1295 , @entity448 and @entity353 which necessitated dose reductions in all @entity1 . Transient elevations in liver function and decreases in renal function and granulocyte counts occurred in some @entity1 . It is concluded that interferon alfa-2a is highly active against advanced @entity784 and that it should be studied in its early stages. It should also be evaluated in combination with other biological agents and with chemotherapy.

title: Recombinant interferon alfa-2a, an active agent in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['mycosis fungoides']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['indolent lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous T-cell lymphoma', 'cutaneous T-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity6831 :: ('MESH:D004673', 'Disease') :: ['early systemic dissemination']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['a flu-like syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['cutaneous T-cell lymphomas']


abstract: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is a chronic @entity32 of unknown aetiology, and recognised as a multi-system @entity1333 . It has been postulated that an imbalance of the oxidant and antioxidant systems related to the disease are important in its pathogenesis. Previous publications have reported increased levels of enzymatic antioxidant defence systems in @entity1 with @entity195 . The non-enzymatic antioxidant systems, including @entity620 and @entity414 , were looked for in the present study. For this aim, the serum @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), an end product of lipid peroxidation, and @entity620 and @entity414 , as endogenous antioxidants, were determined in 20 @entity1 with @entity195 (11 in active and 9 in inactive periods) and 20 healthy subjects. The @entity1865 level was significantly higher in both the active and inactive period @entity1 compared with the control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, respectively). The @entity1865 level was also significantly higher in the active period @entity1 compared with the inactive period @entity1 (p < 0.05). The @entity620 levels were significantly lower in both the active and inactive period @entity1 compared with the control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, respectively). There was no significant difference in the @entity620 level between the active and inactive period @entity1 (p > 0.05). There was also no significant difference in @entity414 levels between the groups (p > 0.05). In the @entity1 group, a negative correlation was found between the levels of serum @entity1865 and @entity620 (r=-0.517; p < 0.05). Our results indicate that decreased @entity620 and increased @entity1865 levels reflect the increased levels of oxidative stress in @entity195 @entity1 , and this situation may be important in relation with its pathogenesis.

title: The serum XXXX levels in @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorder']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Beh  et's disease", 'BD']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity620 :: (MESH:D001205,Chemical) :: ['vitamin C']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity507 combination therapy is recommended as first-line treatment for @entity9231 @entity311 across the endemic world and is increasingly relied upon for treating @entity15694 where @entity503 is failing. @entity507 resistance was first detected in western Cambodia in 2007, and is now confirmed in the Greater Mekong region, raising the spectre of a @entity311 resurgence that could undo a decade of progress in control, and threaten the feasibility of elimination. The magnitude of this threat has not been quantified. METHODS: This analysis compares the health and economic consequences of two future scenarios occurring once @entity507 -based treatments are available with high coverage. In the first scenario, @entity507 combination therapy (ACT) is largely effective in the management of uncomplicated @entity311 and severe @entity311 is treated with @entity506 , while in the second scenario ACT are failing at a rate of 30%, and treatment of severe @entity311 reverts to @entity4807 . The model is applied to all @entity311 -endemic countries using their specific estimates for @entity311 incidence, transmission intensity and @entity3006 . The model describes the direct medical costs for repeated diagnosis and retreatment of clinical failures as well as admission costs for severe @entity311 . For productivity losses, the conservative friction costing method is used, which assumes a limited economic impact for individuals that are no longer economically active until they are replaced from the unemployment pool. RESULTS: Using conservative assumptions and parameter estimates, the model projects an excess of 116,000 @entity204 annually in the scenario of widespread @entity507 resistance. The predicted medical costs for retreatment of clinical failures and for management of severe @entity311 exceed US 32 million per year. Productivity losses resulting from excess morbidity and mortality were estimated at US 385 million for each year during which failing ACT remained in use as first-line treatment. CONCLUSIONS: These 'ballpark' figures for the magnitude of the health and economic threat posed by @entity507 resistance add weight to the call for urgent action to detect the emergence of resistance as early as possible and contain its spread from known locations in the Mekong region to elsewhere in the endemic world.

title: XXXX resistance - modelling the potential human and economic costs.

entities_list: @entity9231 :: ('MESH:D016778', 'Disease') :: ['falciparum']

entities_list: @entity507 :: ('MESH:C031327', 'Chemical') :: ['Artemisinin', 'artemisinin']

entities_list: @entity506 :: ('MESH:C039726', 'Chemical') :: ['artesunate']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity15694 :: ('MESH:D016780', 'Disease') :: ['vivax malaria']

answer: @entity507 :: (MESH:C031327,Chemical) :: ['Artemisinin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) is a @entity5 that originates in the lymphatic system but has the potential to disseminate to the central nervous system (CNS), known as @entity149 ( @entity149 ). @entity149 most commonly involves the leptomeninges and often presents with multiple cranial nerve signs. CASE REPORT: A 50-year-old black male presented to the clinic with complaints of vertigo and @entity227 . The ophthalmic examination revealed reduced visual acuity, @entity227 , and limited abduction in the left eye. A review of the @entity1 's medical record revealed a recent history of @entity158 and numbness, as well as decreased taste. The totality of findings had a distinct neurological pattern consistent with multiple @entity129 . Subsequent neurological evaluation, neuroimaging, and laboratory testing confirmed a diagnosis of @entity149 . CONCLUSIONS: Systemic @entity1893 is capable of manifesting within the CNS during periods of progression or relapse. When @entity1893 breaches the CNS it can present with numerous @entity51 , some of which may be detected during ophthalmic examination. This report summarizes the ocular manifestations of @entity149 and describes a case that presented with multiple @entity129 .

title: XXXX presenting with multiple @entity129 .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve deficits']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['decreased vision in the left eye', 'visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic disease']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['secondary CNS lymphoma', 'SCNSL']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', "Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the capability and reliability of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in the assessment of disease activity in @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ). METHODS: DCE-MRI of the clinically more affected wrist or hip joints was undertaken in 21 @entity1 , coupled with standard clinical assessment and biochemical analysis. Synovial @entity32 was assessed by computing the maximum level of synovial enhancement (ME), the maximum rate of enhancement (MV) and the rate of early enhancement (REE) from the enhancement curves generated from region of interest independently delineated by two readers in the area of the ME. Correlations between dynamic parameters and clinical measures of disease activity, and static @entity603 score were investigated. RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity625 , REE correlated with the wrist swelling score (r(s) = 0.72), ESR (r(s) = 0.69), @entity158 assessment scale (r(s) = 0.63) and childhood HAQ (r(s) = 0.60). In @entity1 with @entity625 , ME correlated with the hip limitation of motion (r(s) = 0.69). Static @entity603 score based on post- @entity2287 enhancement correlated with MV (r(s) = 0.63) in @entity1 with @entity625 and with ME (r = 0.68) in those with @entity625 . The inter-reader agreement assessed by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for ME, MV and REE (ICC = 0.98, 0.97 and 0.84, respectively) was excellent. CONCLUSIONS: DCE-MRI represents a promising method for the assessment of disease activity in @entity4932 , especially in @entity1 with @entity625 . As far as we know, this study is the first to demonstrate the feasibility, reliability and construct validity of DCE-MRI in @entity4932 . These results should be confirmed in large-scale longitudinal studies in view of its further application in therapeutic decision making and in clinical trials.

title: Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of disease activity in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['wrist arthritis', 'hip arthritis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['MRI synovitis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']