abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate current screening methods for @entity303 to determine the most accurate and efficient tools for use in primary care. DATA SOURCES: Search included the following: Medline, CINAHL, BIOSIS, PsycINFO, ISI Web of Science, and Health _ Psychosocial Instruments (1840-2005). The following search terms were used: screen, screening, tools, Mini Mental, @entity1032 , clock drawing, subjective memory, assessment, diagnosis, primary care, outpatient, community based, ambulatory care, @entity303 , @entity73 , and @entity2414 . There was no limit to publication year. Articles excluded were those not published in English and those which used screening tools as part of diagnostic evaluation. The search revealed 581 relevant articles, which were narrowed to 20. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) has high sensitivity and specificity in outpatients older than 65 years when age- and education-specific cutoffs are used. The clock drawing test has lower sensitivity and specificity when used alone; however, in combination with the @entity1032 , its sensitivity is higher than that of the @entity1032 while specificity is slightly lower. Subjective memory complaints contribute diagnostic information; however, objective memory performance is a stronger predictor of future @entity303 . All measures are subject to influence by age, education, and other physical factors. The body of evidence regarding @entity303 screening methods has increased in recent years. The studies have been well conducted, of large sample size, in various geographic locations and populations, and by numerous investigators. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: @entity221 will become a common presentation in primary care. Currently, routine screening is not conducted although acceptable instruments, such as the @entity1032 , are available. Additional research on routine screening in primary care to bolster the current evidence, use of nurses as evaluators of cognition, and utilization of specialists is needed.

title: An evaluation of XXXX screening in the primary care setting.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['MMSE', 'Mini Mental State Examination']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['Dementing illnesses']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: The case records of 49 @entity1 discharged from St George's Hospital, London, between December 2000 and March 2004 with the diagnosis of @entity867 were reviewed in order to document the epidemiology, causes, treatment, and prognostic factors associated with @entity867 . @entity867 occurred at all ages, more frequently in @entity1 than in @entity1 . @entity10 and @entity1032 were common presenting symptoms. The frontal lobe was the most common site. @entity883 was seen most commonly, but staphylococcal @entity281 predominated in cases following neurosurgery. Computed tomography provided sufficient diagnostic information in most cases. All but five @entity1 had early surgical drainage. @entity3524 and @entity868 were used most often for empirical therapy. Thirty-nine @entity1 recovered fully or had minimal incapacity. Five @entity1 died. @entity1 with underlying @entity3539 or medical conditions had a worse outcome than those with a contiguous focus of @entity281 or post-traumatic abscess. Changes in disease pattern were determined by comparison to a literature review. A PubMed search of the literature using the keywords " @entity867 " was undertaken, and identified papers and relevant citations were reviewed. Compared to earlier series, there was a marked decrease in the number of cases of @entity867 secondary to @entity2346 media and @entity299 . There was an increase in the number of cases of @entity867 secondary to neurosurgery and @entity130 . Changes in the epidemiology of predisposing conditions for @entity867 are associated with changes in the @entity1 population and causative organisms. Though still a potentially fatal @entity281 , there have been recent improvements in diagnosis, treatment, and outcome.

title: Retrospective analysis of 49 cases of XXXX and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['altered mental status']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['Streptococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3539 :: ('MESH:D003390', 'Disease') :: ['cranial neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['Headache']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess', 'Brain abscess']

answer: @entity867 :: (MESH:D001922,Disease) :: ['brain abscess']


abstract: Scattered argyrophil cells were present in normal, large, medium-sized and small pancreatic ducts (ductules). There was marked increase in argyrophil cells in ducts with @entity5072 epithelium. Argyrophil cells were also found in 67.7% of all exocrine @entity3123 . In a well differentiated group including @entity7157 , @entity189 and well differentiated @entity420 argyrophil cells were found in all cases examined. Using four antisera (against @entity2690 , glucagon, @entity1943 and @entity8243 ), @entity2690 , glucagon and @entity1943 cells were identified in 2.65%, 0.001% and 1.2% of normal ducts, and 7.5%, 2.4% and 4.6% of ducts with @entity5072 epithelium respectively and were also greatly increased in numbers in the latter group. Immunoreactive cells were present in 66.7% of exocrine @entity189 . Cells reactive for @entity2690 were found in 7/15 cases; glucagon in 6/15 cases; @entity1943 in 5/15 cases and @entity8243 in 2/15 cases. Eight cases contained two or more than two types of immunoreactive cells. The presence of argyrophil and hormone immunoreactive cells in pancreatic ducts and @entity189 is indicative of the close developmental relationship between endocrine and exocrine parts of the pancreas. The inter-relationship of response in the different cell types following stimulus suggests that injury to a common precursor may be involved.

title: Argyrophilic and hormone immunoreactive cells in normal and @entity5072 pancreatic ducts and exocrine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'mucinous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7157 :: ('MESH:D003536', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3123 :: (MESH:C562463,Disease) :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was motivated by the growth in the number of elderly with @entity303 and consequent need to help family caregivers who face the daily stress for long periods of time. The aim was to describe the frequency of some common psychosomatic symptoms in self-assessed health status and to determine whether there are gender differences in these symptoms and the perception of one  s own health in family caregivers. METHODS: The first results of cross-sectional survey design as the first phase of a longitudinal cohort study are presented. The @entity1 in this investigation (n=73) were family caregivers of outpatients suffering from moderate (59 cases = 80.8%) or mild (14 cases = 19.2%) stage of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). RESULTS: The group of caregivers consisting of 61 (83.6%) @entity1 and 12 @entity1 (16.4%). @entity1 of this study were recruited from the Department of Psychiatry, Prague, Czech Republic. Data from caregivers were collected by using a self-administered questionnaire containing various items to measure self-perceived health including some common psychosomatic symptoms in relationship with their caregiving role. CONCLUSIONS: The following symptoms appeared the most frequent among family caregivers: chronic fatigue and @entity25 . Most caregivers of @entity1 with moderate stage of @entity195 evaluated their own health as poor and experienced more symptoms in comparison with caregivers of @entity1 with mild stage of @entity195 , who scored their own health as good or very good. A follow-up of the survey population seems to be necessary.

title: Frequency of some psychosomatic symptoms in informal caregivers of XXXX individuals. Prague's experience.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleeping disturbances']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer   s disease', 'Alzheimer  s disease']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of the positive @entity140 modulator @entity38134 in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity195 ( @entity195 ) (Mini-Mental State Examination scores 14 to 26). METHODS: One hundred eighty-one @entity1 were randomized to treatment in an 11-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. @entity1 received either @entity38134 0.2 mg BID for 28 days and 1.0 mg BID thereafter (n = 90) or placebo (n = 91). The primary outcome measurement was the @entity195 Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) with several secondary outcome measurements: Clinician's Interview-Based Impression of Change, @entity2205 Making Part A, Stylus Tapping Test, Single Digit Modality Test, and @entity146 Inventory (NPI). RESULTS: Baseline demographics were similar between the two groups. @entity1 did not show any mean change from baseline in the ADAS-Cog after treatment with @entity38134 for 4 weeks (p = 0.60) or 8 weeks (p = 0.83). The only secondary outcome measurement that showed changes from baseline compared with placebo was the NPI Total Score: p = 0.06 (marginal significance) after 4 weeks of treatment and p = 0.03 after 8 weeks of treatment. Ninety-two percent of @entity38134 -treated @entity1 and 95% of placebo-treated @entity1 completed the trial. Adverse events were experienced by 83% of @entity38134 -treated @entity1 and 86% of placebo-treated @entity1 , the majority of which were rated mild in severity. CONCLUSION: @entity1 treated with @entity38134 did not show a statistically significant separation from @entity1 taking placebo on the @entity195 Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale, the primary outcome measure.

title: XXXX potentiator treatment of cognitive deficits in @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropsychiatric']

entities_list: @entity140 :: ('MESH:D018350', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease', "Alzheimer's Disease"]

answer: @entity140 :: (MESH:D018350,Chemical) :: ['AMPA']


abstract: Any alteration in the balance of bacterial challenge versus the host's ability to resist and repair will result in oral lesions that are similar in appearance. The bacterial cause of @entity2522 and @entity2521 in @entity1 and in all other animals in which it has been studied is firmly established, and specific species of predominantly gram-negative anaerobes have been implicated. Naturally occurring or acquired immunopathologies are likely to result in @entity7291 . When @entity66 is associated with the accumulation of plaque, a positive response can be achieved by reducing the bacterial challenge to the host through the maintenance of oral hygiene by timely professional dental prophylaxis and home care. Disease that is the result of atypical immune responses, however, can be much more difficult to manage. Such @entity66 can occur with either @entity3230 or exaggerated immune responses, and it is likely that multiple mechanisms are active concurrently. In any case, gram-negative anaerobes present in plaque are likely to be a major contributing factor. Therefore @entity1 with chronic @entity3136 must be considered to be plaque intolerant. Only with a frequent regimen of aggressive and thorough professional dental treatment plus meticulous oral home care on a daily basis can one expect to keep these cases in remission. Because this is often unrealistic, the only other way to keep these @entity1 free of disease is by total dental extraction. The tissues that are colonized by the causative organisms must be eliminated. All root tips and bony sequestra must be removed and healing with intact epithelium accomplished before these cases will go into remission. Edentulous feline @entity1 that continue to have signs of @entity10701 have been found to have an area of nonhealed bony sequestrum and chronic @entity4034 . Once effective debridement has been accomplished and epithelial healing completed, nonresponsive cases can be expected to go into remission (Color Plate 2, Figure 7). It is hoped that as more is learned about this frustrating problem, the many factors influencing feline @entity66 will be scientifically documented. In the future, actual diagnoses can be systematically made early on in disease, and treatment will be more than just symptomatic.

title: XXXX / @entity3136 in cats.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['refractory gingivitis-stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['oral disease']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity10701 :: ('MESH:D013283', 'Disease') :: ['gingivostomatitis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3230 :: ('MESH:C565469', 'Disease') :: ['immune deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity7291 :: ('MESH:D009057', 'Disease') :: ['premature dental disease']

answer: @entity2522 :: (MESH:D005891,Disease) :: ['Gingivitis']


abstract: Nonpharmacologic interventions for symptom management in @entity1 with @entity309 are underinvestigated. Limited data suggest that aromatherapy massage and reflexology may help to reduce @entity158 and @entity1295 in @entity1 with @entity309 . The aim of this study was to examine and compare the effects of aromatherapy massage and reflexology on @entity158 and @entity1295 in @entity1 with @entity309 . The study sample was randomly assigned to either an aromatherapy massage (n  =  17), reflexology (n  =  17) or the control group (n  =  17). Aromatherapy massage was applied to both knees of subjects in the first intervention group for 30  minutes. Reflexology was administered to both feet of subjects in the second intervention group for 40  minutes during weekly home visits. Control group subjects received no intervention. Fifty-one subjects with @entity309 were recruited from a university hospital rheumatology clinic in @entity233 between July 2014 and January 2015 for this randomized controlled trial. Data were collected by personal information form, DAS28 index, Visual Analog Scale and Fatigue Severity Scale. @entity158 and @entity1295 scores were measured at baseline and within an hour after each intervention for 6  weeks. @entity158 and @entity1295 scores significantly decreased in the aromatherapy massage and reflexology groups compared with the control group (p  <  .05). The reflexology intervention started to decrease mean @entity158 and @entity1295 scores earlier than aromatherapy massage (week 1 vs week 2 for @entity158 , week 1 vs week 4 for @entity1295 ) (p  <  .05). Aromatherapy massage and reflexology are simple and effective nonpharmacologic nursing interventions that can be used to help manage @entity158 and @entity1295 in @entity1 with @entity309 .

title: The Effects of Aromatherapy Massage and Reflexology on @entity158 and Fatigue in @entity1 with XXXX : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this study, we examined the relative impact of self-management activities on glycaemic control in a population at high risk for developing complications. METHODS: @entity1 diagnosed with @entity6 of at least 1 year in duration at 30 years of age or older were sampled from the Instituto de Mexico Seguro Social (IMSS) Family Medicine Clinics in Guadalajara, Mexico (n=800). Demographic, clinical and health behaviour variables were used to predict good/poor glycaemic control, as measured by haemoglobin @entity13615 ( @entity3916 ). RESULTS: Most (72.24%) @entity1 had poor control ( @entity3916 > or = 7.0). Hyperglycaemia was significantly associated with factors not under @entity1 control, such as having @entity6 for a longer time [odds ratio (OR) = 2.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39, 4.14], having a first-degree relative with @entity6 (OR= 1.52; 95% CI 1.06, 2.19), and being prescribed anti- @entity6 medications, e.g. insulin (OR = 7.88, 95% CI 2.42, 25.63). After controlling for these variables, the only self-management variable that reduced the likelihood of hyperglycaemia was following a special diet (OR=0.49; 95% CI 0.32, 0.76). Furthermore, @entity308 had an important effect on self-management, as those with lower levels of @entity308 were more likely to follow a diet and exercise. DISCUSSION: While @entity1 in this population have little control over many factors associated with glycaemic control, an important exception is diet. However, because of the adverse effect of @entity308 on dieting, both @entity308 management and dietary education are important for this population.

title: The relative effect of self-management practices on glycaemic control in type 2 @entity6 XXXX in Mexico.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A ruptured @entity2849 is the most serious and life-threatening cause of postpancreatoduodenectomy (PD) @entity548 . We have evaluated the clinical course and management of @entity2849 after PD. Of 586 @entity1 who underwent PD for @entity5 in Asan Medical Center between March 2003 and March 2011, 27 experienced @entity548 . Bleeding developed at a median of 21 days (range, 8 to 45 days) after surgery, including 9 @entity1 who developed @entity548 more than 4 weeks after surgery. Before development of @entity548 , 26 @entity1 showed @entity3472 . Bleeding was developed from the gastroduodenal artery stump in 12 @entity1 , the common hepatic artery in eight, the proper hepatic artery in five, and the left hepatic artery in two. Of the angiographic group, 21 @entity1 underwent with microcoil embolization, four underwent stent insertion, and one experienced technical failure. Only one @entity1 required emergent laparotomy without angiography. Of 25 @entity1 with angiographic procedures, all @entity1 achieved hemostasis. The mortality rate was 22.2 per cent (6 @entity1 ). Delayed @entity548 after PD is closely associated with @entity3472 and carried a significantly higher mortality rate. The @entity1 with @entity3472 should be carefully monitored, even more than 4 weeks after surgery. Selective microcoil embolization or stent graft is effective for @entity548 .

title: Clinical features and management of XXXX after pancreatoduodenectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'pseudoaneurysmal bleeding', 'hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['periampullary tumors']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['pseudoaneurysmal bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The last version of the microarray-based testing ImmunoCAP ISAC 112    includes the native walnut (Junglans regia) molecules 2S albumin (nJug r 1), vicilin (nJug r 2) and lipid transfer protein (nJug r 3). In view of the many unexpected cases of isolated positivity to nJug r 2 occurring in daily practice, we evaluated the association of these reactivities with clinical symptoms, as well as the relationship between sIgE and nJug r 2 and cross-reactive @entity1735 determinants (CCDs). METHODS: Sera from 320 consecutive @entity56 outpatients tested by ImmuoCAP ISAC    112 were considered. The medical records of all nJug r 2 positive @entity1 were reviewed to assess clinical symptoms related to walnut @entity566 . A linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between nJug r 2 and CCDs (nMUXF3) sIgE values, and a CAP inhibition assay was carried out to confirm the possible cross-reactivity between CCDs and nJug r 2. RESULTS: Thirty-seven out of 320 sera tested (11.6%) were positive to nJug r 2. Among them three (8.1%) and eight (21.6%) scored positive for nJug r 1 and nJug r 3 as well, respectively. Twenty-seven (73%) sera showed isolated nJug r 2 positivity. Only nJug r 1 reactors had symptoms referred to walnut @entity566 . Twenty-five/37 nJug r 2-positive sera (67.6%) showed a simultaneous positivity to nMUXF3 and a significant correlation (p<0.0001) between the IgE levels to nJug r 2 and nMUXF3 (r  =0.787). After incubation with nMUXF3 a complete inhibition of sIgE reactivity to both nMUXF3 and nJug r 2 was shown. CONCLUSIONS: The unexpected isolated sIgE reactivity to nJug r 2 found by ImmunoCAP ISAC    112 is frequently related to reactivity to cross-reactive @entity1735 epitopes and it is lacking clinical significance.

title: Isolated IgE reactivity to native walnut vicilin-like protein (nJug r 2) on ISAC    microarray is due to cross-reactive XXXX epitopes.

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: RATIONALE: A sensitized @entity935 system may be linked to the genesis of @entity716 in @entity161 . Following withdrawal from @entity4944 exposures, @entity716 -like traits have been robustly demonstrated, but the presence of @entity73 remains uncertain. METHODS: Adult male Lewis and Fischer @entity35 , differing in cognitive performance, were exposed intermittently to escalating doses of @entity4944 over 5 weeks. This was effective in producing behavioral sensitization to a subsequent @entity4944 challenge. Following 27 days of drug withdrawal, the animals were assessed in Pavlovian conditioning, object recognition, and spatial working memory. In addition, prepulse inhibition (PPI), spontaneous motor activity, and @entity148 -like behavior were measured. RESULTS: @entity4944 pretreatment induced behavioral sensitization in both @entity35 strains similarly. Working memory was enhanced in Fischer but not Lewis @entity35 following withdrawal. Spontaneous novel object preference was enhanced in sensitized Fischer @entity35 , but was impaired in sensitized Lewis @entity35 , thus effectively reversing the strain difference in non-sensitized controls. In contrast, Pavlovian fear conditioning remained unaffected and so were @entity148 -like behavior, open field activity, and PPI. CONCLUSION: The face validity of the @entity4944 withdrawal model for @entity73 was limited to the object recognition memory impairment observed in sensitized Lewis @entity35 . Yet, the possibility that enhancing dopaminergic neurotransmission may facilitate object recognition and spatial working memory performance was demonstrated in sensitized Fischer @entity35 . Identification of the mechanisms underlying such strain-dependent effects would be instrumental in the further specifications of the construct validity, and therefore the limitations and potential of the @entity4944 sensitization model of @entity161 .

title: The @entity4944 sensitization model of XXXX : relevance beyond @entity716 ?

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits', 'cognitive/mnemonic deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine', 'Amphetamine']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antidepressants are heavily prescribed drugs and have been shown to affect inflammatory signals. We examined whether these have anti-inflammatory properties in animal models of @entity56 . We also analysed whether antidepressants act directly on peripheral cell types that participate in the inflammatory response in these diseases. METHODS: The antidepressants @entity5829 and @entity905 were compared in vivo to the glucocorticoid @entity617 , an anti-inflammatory drug of reference. In a @entity19 model of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced @entity326 , animals received the drugs either before or after injection of LPS. Circulating levels of @entity5 @entity39 factor ( @entity1505 and mortality rate were measured. In ovalbumin-sensitized @entity35 , the effect of drug treatment on @entity55 was assessed by counting leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavages. @entity6587 was measured using barometric plethysmography. In vitro production of @entity1505 and Regulated upon Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and presumably Secreted ( @entity16620 ) from activated monocytes and lung epithelial cells, respectively, was analysed by immunoassays. Reporter gene assays were used to measure the effect of antidepressants on the activity of nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein-1 which are involved in the control of @entity1505 and @entity16620 expression. RESULTS: In the @entity326 model, all three drugs given preventively markedly decreased circulating levels of @entity1505 and mortality (50% mortality in @entity905 treated group, 30% in @entity5829 and @entity617 treated groups versus 90% in controls). In the curative trial, antidepressants had no statistically significant effect, while @entity617 still decreased mortality (60% mortality versus 95% in controls). In ovalbumin-sensitized @entity35 , the three drugs @entity55 , albeit to different degrees. @entity617 and @entity905 reduced the number of macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils, while @entity5829 diminished only the number of macrophages and lymphocytes. However, antidepressants as opposed to @entity617 did not attenuate @entity6587 . In vitro, @entity5829 and @entity905 dose-dependently inhibited the release of @entity1505 from LPS-treated monocytes. In lung epithelial cells, these compounds decreased @entity1505 -induced @entity16620 expression as well as the activity of nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein-1. CONCLUSION: @entity5829 and @entity905 reduce the inflammatory reaction in two animal models of @entity1 diseases. These antidepressants act directly on relevant peripheral cell types to decrease expression of inflammatory mediators probably by affecting their gene transcription. Clinical implications of these observations are discussed.

title: Anti-inflammatory properties of @entity5829 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine', 'Desipramine']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['decreased lung inflammation', 'lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock and allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity6587 :: ('MESH:D016535', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperreactivity', 'Bronchial hyperreactivity']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisolone', 'prednisolone']

answer: @entity905 :: (MESH:D005473,Chemical) :: ['fluoxetine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Population-based studies on maternal @entity204 in @entity233 are rare. The aim of the present study was to analyze the cardiac causes of all maternal @entity204 in @entity233 between 2007 and 2009. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, case files of all pregnancy-associated @entity204 recorded in @entity233 between 2007 and 2009 were reviewed. Records for all pregnancy-associated @entity204 were reviewed by five authors to identify 129 cases in which a @entity299 seemed to be the reason. For each of the 129 cases, maternal age, gravidity, parity, antenatal care attendance, district of residence, year of @entity204 , mode of delivery, perinatal outcome, and clinical history preceding @entity204 were recorded. RESULTS: During the study period, 779 maternal @entity204 were identified. Our estimate of the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in 3-year period was 19.7 per 100,000 live births. The report lists 779 @entity204 , 411 direct and 285 indirect. Indirect obstetric causes of @entity204 were primarily @entity299 and @entity66 . @entity7310 due to @entity299 was 15.5% in 2007 and 18.4% in 2008. @entity340 was the leading cause of @entity204 from cardiac reasons (25.6%). @entity7310 due to @entity299 increased with age. CONCLUSION: The main cause of indirect @entity204 has been @entity299 in 3-year period.

title: @entity7310 from XXXX in @entity233 : a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease', 'cardiac disorders']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['Valvular heart disease']

entities_list: @entity7310 :: ('MESH:C536469', 'Disease') :: ['Maternal mortality']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['maternal death', 'death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity286 use is a global health care problem. Repetitive exposure to @entity1239 produces neuroadaptation resulting in @entity1239 @entity734 . Smoking is associated with a range of diseases, causing high levels of morbidity and mortality and is one of the leading causes of preventable @entity204 , with more than 4.6 million smokers worldwide dying each year from smoking related illnesses. Stopping smoking has major health benefits. Quitting at any age provides both short and long term benefits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 45 @entity1 attending the outpatient department at the Oxford Dental College, Bangalore, were randomly allocated to three groups of interventions namely placebo, counseling and @entity1239 replacement therapy (NRT). Initially each one was assessed for @entity1223 levels using a breath analyser (pico smokerlyser bedfont UK). They were followed up for six months and the @entity1223 levels were again assessed using the same instrument. The paired t test was used to compare the results before and after the intervention. RESULTS: The scores before the initiation of intervention and after treatment were compared and all three interventions were found to be statistically significant after six months. It was noticed that @entity1 with very low or low @entity734 followed by high @entity734 had good response in the placebo group (68% and 47.6% respectively), in the counseling group maximum response was seen in the medium followed by the very low group (61% and 59% respectively), and maximum response was seen in very high followed by the very low group with NRT (78.7% and 60.5% respectively). CONCLUSION: The inference that can be drawn from the present study is that non-invasive, non pharmacological methods like placebo and counseling are effective in low to medium groups, and NRT is effective with higher @entity1239 @entity734 .

title: Attempting XXXX cessation--an oral physician's perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: PURPOSE: The majority of @entity1 with relapsed or @entity1892 ( @entity1893 ) are older than 60 years, yet they are often denied potentially curative high-dose therapy and autologous stem-cell transplantations (ASCT) because of the risk of excessive treatment-related morbidity and mortality. Myeloablative anti- @entity2225 radioimmunotherapy (RIT) can deliver curative radiation doses to @entity5 sites while limiting exposure to normal organs and may be particularly suited for older adults requiring high-dose therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 older than 60 years with relapsed @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) received infusions of tositumomab anti- @entity2225 antibody labeled with 185 to 370 Mbq (5 to 10 mCi) [131I]-tracer for dosimetry purposes followed 10 days later by individualized therapeutic infusions of [131I]tositumomab (median, 19.4 Gbq [525 mCi]; range, 12.1 to 42.7 Gbq [328 to 1,154 mCi]) to deliver 25 to 27 Gy to the critical normal organ receiving the highest radiation dose. ASCT was performed approximately 2 weeks after therapy. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 with a median age of 64 years (range, 60 to 76 years), who had received a median of four prior regimens (range, two to 14 regimens), were treated. Thirteen @entity1 (54%) had chemotherapy-resistant disease. The estimated 3-year overall and progression-free survival rates were 59% and 51%, respectively, with a median follow-up of 2.9 years (range, 1 to 6 years). All @entity1 experienced expected myeloablation with engraftment of platelets (> or = 20 K/microL) and neutrophils ( 500/microL), occurring at a median of 9 and 15 days after ASCT, respectively. There were no treatment-related @entity204 , and only two @entity1 experienced grade 4 nonhematologic @entity137 . CONCLUSION: Myeloablative RIT and ASCT is a safe and effective therapeutic option for older adults with relapsed @entity1892 .

title: High-dose [131I]tositumomab (anti- @entity2225 ) radioimmunotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for adults > or = 60 years old with relapsed or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-NHL', "refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'B-cell NHL']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['refractory B-cell lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop an alternative approach in conjunction with microwave-induced @entity221 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Thermotherapy with microwave intracorporeal irradiation was used to treat 73 @entity1 with @entity3478 . The series was composed of 58 @entity1 with @entity5 and 15 with @entity5 : most of @entity5 occurred about knee joints (53/73 = 72.6%). The surgical procedure included separating the @entity5 bearing segment from surrounding normal tissues with a safe margin, cooling the normal tissues including the neurovascular bundle and the intraarticular structures with a water circulation system, while heating the @entity5 with the antenna array of a microwave system and providing an adequate soft-tissue cover for the dead bone. Postoperatively, an immune therapy regimen was carried out regularly. The @entity1 ' immunologic functions were monitored by assay of the subpopulation of T cells, @entity1199 and sIL-2 R (soluble @entity3647 ). RESULTS: Follow-up varied from 3 to 38 months (mean 19 months). Excluding 3 @entity1 with @entity5 in the vertebrae treated for palliation, 70 were evaluated according to oncological and orthopedic criteria. Five @entity1 had local recurrence and required amputation. The remaining 65 had excellent local control. In 6 of the 55 @entity1 with @entity5 , lung @entity3 occurred one to two years after surgery. The oncological results were similar to those obtained by other limb-saving procedures. @entity174 occurred at devitalized bone in 5 @entity1 . In 72.5% of the @entity1 (29 of 40 @entity5 -free cases followed more than one year), knee joints functioned well, being stable and painless with almost full range of motion. Single photon emission computered tomography (SPECT) for 16 @entity1 revealed revascularization of the devitalized @entity5 bearing bone segment could accomplish in one year or more. The immune states were improved in various extends after thermotherapy plus immunotherapy in the majority of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: These results show that the use of microwave @entity221 and adjuvant immunotherapy in conjunction with the surgical treatment of @entity3478 can be considered a definitive procedure, which is safe and well-tolerated. The oncological and orthopedic results are encouraging.

title: Surgical treatment of @entity3478 in conjunction with microwave-induced XXXX and adjuvant immunotherapy. A preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Pathological fracture']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'malignancy of the extremities', 'benign tumors', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This retrospective cohort study evaluated the effect of topical polymyxin- @entity206 (poly) prophylaxis on the incidence of @entity281 ( @entity281 ) in @entity1 with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices. All 84 cases implanted 2005-2014 with device support >= 30 days were reviewed; support ranged 1 m-5.2 yrs. Beginning 2008, poly was applied to the exit site with dressing changes. Sixty-five @entity1 received poly (poly group) for duration of follow-up, 19 did not (no-poly); group baseline characteristics were similar. No @entity1 developed side effects from poly. Nineteen @entity281 (10 in no-poly) occurred; not using poly was a risk factor. 89% of poly group @entity281 were superficial, 4 were culture-negative. DLI-related @entity2259 occurred in 11% of no-poly group and 0% of poly group. Compared with no-poly, poly group demonstrated improved freedom from DLI by Kaplan-Meier analysis (P   <   0.0001) and a 75% lower overall and 95% lower deep DLI incidence (P   <=    0.001). Deep @entity281 occurred in 31.6% of no-poly vs. 1.5% of poly @entity1 (P   =   0.0004), although mean support duration (1 yr) and % support >1 yr (38%) were similar. These findings, which should be confirmed with larger comparative studies, suggest that topical polymyxin-trimethoprim prophylaxis may be effective in preventing @entity281 .

title: Topical Polymyxin- XXXX Prophylaxis May Decrease the Incidence of Driveline Infections in @entity1 With Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['DLIs', 'driveline infections']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity206 :: (MESH:D014295,Chemical) :: ['Trimethoprim']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined the individual pharmacological effects of the addition of @entity6170 and @entity2449 to @entity16024 on inflammatory markers and adipokines in @entity1 with @entity6 . We analysed the relationships between these variables, the measurements of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in @entity1 treated with @entity6170 plus @entity16024 . DESIGN AND @entity1 : One hundred twenty (120) @entity1 with @entity6 were randomized and treated with @entity16024 plus @entity6170 or @entity16024 plus @entity2449 for 12 weeks. The plasma concentrations of the inflammatory markers and adipokines were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: Markers of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function were determined by the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and the homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA-beta), respectively. Plasma concentrations of @entity1254 were measured by radioimmunoassay. Plasma concentrations of resistin, @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ), @entity650 ( @entity650 ) and @entity8923 ( @entity8923 ) were measured using ELISA. RESULTS: Improvements in fasting insulin level, QUICKI and HOMA-beta were noted in the @entity6170 -treated group. Only the QUICKI value improved in the @entity2449 -treated group. @entity1254 concentrations significantly increased in the @entity6170 -treated group after 12 weeks. Significant decreases in resistin, C-reactive protein, @entity310 , @entity650 and @entity8923 were seen in the @entity6170 -treated @entity1 but not in the @entity2449 -treated @entity1 . The independent risk factor for the HOMA-beta change according to stepwise multivariate regression analysis was a change in @entity8923 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6170 , but not @entity2449 , improved the plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers and adipokines in @entity1 with @entity6 . A decrease in @entity8923 is an independent factor for the improvement of HOMA-beta in @entity6 .

title: Effects of @entity6170 and @entity2449 on inflammatory markers and adipokines: decrease in @entity8923 is an independent factor for the improvement of homeostasis model assessment-beta in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity16024 :: ('MESH:C057619', 'Chemical') :: ['glimepiride']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1254 :: ('9370', 'Gene') :: ['Adiponectin', 'adiponectin']

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['rosiglitazone', 'Rosiglitazone']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: The current shortages in @entity1 plasma products at global levels justify the development of new, cost effective plasma fractionation methods. We have developed a fractionation process to obtain immunoglobulin G (IgG) and albumin-enriched fractions based on polymer-salt aqueous two phase system (ATPS). A small-scale (0.02 L) ATPS composed of @entity968 ( @entity970 ), @entity17500 and @entity2827 , at pH 6.1, was evaluated and subjected to 50-fold scale-up (1 L). Further purification of the fractions was performed using @entity6212 precipitation and ion exchange chromatography. Similar yield and purity were obtained at both small and large scales. IgG precipitated in the @entity970 rich upper phase at 83% recovery and 2.75-fold purification factor. An 81% pure albumin fraction was obtained in the salt rich bottom phase with a 91% yield. After polishing, IgG was obtained at a recovery of 70% and a purity of 92%. Corresponding values for albumin were 91% and 90%. This IgG and albumin fractionation technology deserves further evaluation as it may represent a potential alternative to conventional plasma fractionation methods.

title: Purification of IgG and albumin from XXXX plasma by aqueous two phase system fractionation.

entities_list: @entity6212 :: ('MESH:C031492', 'Chemical') :: ['caprylic acid']

entities_list: @entity17500 :: ('MESH:C013216', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethyleneglycol 3350']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A 52-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with high-grade fever, dry cough and severe @entity1353 . Chest X-ray films revealed diffuse small nodular shadows in all lung fields, prominently in the middle and lower lung fields. On examination, peripheral blood @entity1712 and severe @entity519 were demonstrated. His clinical condition improved during five days after the admission without any therapy but @entity26 inhalation. The abnormal shadows decreased in several days, and disappeared completely in thirty days. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid revealed increased total cell counts, mostly with eosinophils (60%) and lymphocytes (21%). Histologically, the transbronchial lung biopsy specimen showed that the walls of pulmonary arteries and bronchioli were markedly infiltrated with eosinophils, and that alveolar septa were @entity4 with mononuclear and eosinophilic cells infiltration. There were no prominent changes in the alveolar lumen except few macrophage exudates. Our case was of importance for two reasons: first, @entity5930 could take the form of @entity401 both roentgenologically and histologically; second, Crofton's classification of P.I.E. could not be applied to this case.

title: [A case of @entity5930 with acute progressive XXXX and diffuse small nodular shadows on chest X-ray film].

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5930 :: ('MESH:D011657', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonia']

answer: @entity1353 :: (MESH:D004417,Disease) :: ['dyspnea']


abstract: In a prospective, community-based study of 675 consecutive @entity1 with a first-ever @entity64 , of whom over 90% had computed tomography (CT) and/or necropsy examinations, 129 @entity204 occurred within 30 days of the onset of symptoms, a case fatality rate (CFR) of 19%. The 30 day CFR for @entity1 with @entity385 was 10% (57 of 545, for primary @entity1779 52% (34 of 66), for @entity510 45% (15 of 33) and for those of uncertain pathological type 74% (23 of 31). The CFR for @entity1 who had been functionally dependent pre- @entity64 was 33% compared with 17% for those who had been independent pre- @entity64 . The age-adjusted relative risk of @entity204 for @entity1 who had been functionally dependent pre- @entity64 was not significantly greater (1.8, 95% confidence interval 0 to 4.3). There was a significant trend for CFR to increase with age (Chi square for trend = 4.0, p less than 0.05). This relationship was found in those @entity1 who had been functionally independent prestroke (Chi square for trend = 7.9, p less than 0.005) but not in those who had been dependent pre- @entity64 (Chi square for trend = 0.5, NS). The pattern of increasing CFR with increasing age amongst those who had been independent prestroke was seen particularly in @entity1 with @entity385 (Chi square for trend = 8.6, p less than 0.005). The age-adjusted relative risk of @entity204 for @entity1 with @entity385 who had been functionally dependent pre- @entity64 was 2.2 (95% confidence interval 1.2 to 4.1). Fifty three percent of all @entity204 within 30 days of @entity64 were due to the direct neurological sequelae of the @entity64 . @entity1 with primary intracerebral or subarachnoid @entity548 were significantly more likely to die in this way than those with @entity385 (relative risk 4.1; 95% confidence interval 3.4-4.9) and 56% of such @entity204 occurred within 72 hours of onset. In @entity1 with @entity385 , 51% of @entity204 were due to complications of immobility (for example, @entity55 , @entity1151 ) and these were more likely to occur after the first week. These findings have implications for clinical practice and the planning of clinical trials.

title: The frequency, causes and timing of @entity204 within 30 days of a first @entity64 : the Oxfordshire XXXX Project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Community Stroke']


abstract: To study genetic changes associated with the development of @entity0 and the extent of its hereditary predisposition, @entity982 -embedded tissue samples were obtained from monozygotic twin pairs concordant for @entity0 through the linked Swedish Twin and Cancer Registries. DNA samples extracted from the matched @entity5 and normal tissues of nine twin pairs were analysed for allelic imbalance using a series of microsatellite markers on chromosomes 13 and 17, containing loci with known @entity5 suppressor genes. Multiple losses of constitutional heterozygosity (LOH), consistent with a loss of large genomic region, the whole chromosome or chromosome arm, was found in at least three pairs of twins. One double mitotic crossover was identified in one @entity5 sample in a pair concordant for LOH at multiple loci on both chromosomes. Recombination breakpoints were mapped to regions delineated by D13S218 and D13S263, and D13S155 and D13S279, respectively. In general, no genetic effect of losing the same allele within a twin pair was found. However, for one marker at chromosome 13 (D13S328, between the @entity2674 and the @entity996 loci) and two markers on chromosome 17 (D17S786, distal to the @entity876 locus, and D17S855, an intragenic @entity5345 marker) the proportion of twin pairs with the same LOH was significantly higher than expected. These regions may reflect hereditary genomic changes in our sample set. In addition, @entity5 DNA samples from a subset of 12 twin pairs were analysed for @entity5345 and @entity2674 mutations using exon-by-exon single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Two unclassified @entity2674 variants, with a putative pathogenic effect, were identified, but no pathogenic alterations were found in the @entity5345 gene.

title: Allelic imbalance on chromosomes 13 and 17 and mutation analysis of @entity5345 and @entity2674 genes in monozygotic twins concordant for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity66 in the Ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus (VMH) cause @entity7298 and a preference for high lipid, high @entity1735 diet. Reversible lesion by @entity8162 microinfusion produces a decrease in serum @entity413 and immunoreactive insulin levels. In the present study the effect of @entity8162 microinfusion on feeding behavior and taste preference was observed. 5 h and 24 h food intake, water intake and weekly body weight of the @entity35 was measured. Three bottle preference test was used to study the diet preferences. The 24 h food intake was found to be significantly more on 1(st), 2(nd) and 3(rd) day (41 +/- 6.03, 38.83 +/- 6.17 and 33.66 +/- 5.88 g/day, respectively) of @entity8162 injection. There was also a significant @entity101 at 0.25 h (4.166 +/- 2.04 g) and 1 h (5 +/- 0 g) as compared to saline group (0 +/- 0 g at 0.25 h and 0.83 +/- 2.04 g at 1 h). Post @entity8162 water intake and body weight for seven days was not statistically significantly when compared to pre-lesion values. In the three bottles preference test, after @entity8162 microinfusion there was a significantly increased preference for 20% @entity969 and 0.15% @entity8021 than @entity4807 and @entity1792 . The results suggest that bilateral procainization of VMH produces a transient @entity101 and enhance preference for sweet tasting substances.

title: Effect of procainization of ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus on the feeding behavior of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral lesions']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in food intake']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphagia']

entities_list: @entity1792 :: ('MESH:D019343', 'Chemical') :: ['citric acid']

entities_list: @entity8162 :: ('MESH:D011343', 'Chemical') :: ['procaine']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity8021 :: ('MESH:D012439', 'Chemical') :: ['saccharin']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Cockroach allergen is a major risk factor for IgE-mediated @entity56 response and @entity565 in sensitized individuals. @entity563 proteases have been identified from various sources and characterized as major allergens. The present study was aimed to express and characterize recombinant allergen Per a 10 (rPer a 10) from @entity564 . rPer a 10 was expressed in @entity526 and purified in soluble form, yielding 0.75 mg/liter of culture. Homology of the Per a 10 protein sequence exhibited 27 to 38% similarity to the mite @entity563 protease and 41 to 52% similarity to other insect trypsins. The purified rPer a 10 protein resolved at 28 kDa on @entity214 -PAGE and was recognized by cockroach-hypersensitive @entity1 ' sera by immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In competitive ELISA, rPer a 10 required 96 ng of purified protein for 50% inhibition of IgE binding, whereas 34 ng of native protein (nPer a 10) was required for the same inhibition. rPer a 10 and nPer a 10 induced basophil @entity112 release in the range of 47 to 64% and 60 to 85%, respectively, when sensitized with cockroach-hypersensitive @entity1 ' sera. In conclusion, Per a 10 was subcloned, and the protein was purified to homogeneity. rPer a 10 showed reduced IgE binding and @entity112 release and showed no proteolytic activity. These data suggest that rPer a 10 has potential for immunotherapy.

title: Characterization of recombinant per a 10 from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity564 :: ('6978', 'Species') :: ['Periplaneta americana']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['Serine', 'serine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity564 :: (6978,Species) :: ['Periplaneta americana']


abstract: STUDY AIM: Radiofrequency (RF) ablation of malignant @entity99 is an interesting and recent technique which offers new treatment possibilities. In this study, the preliminary findings have been reported on 25 @entity1 with @entity99 who received RF treatment between January 1998 and February 2000. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 (11 cases of @entity157 , @entity157 ; and 14 cases of liver @entity3 , LM) underwent RF treatment. Thirty @entity5 (range: 10 to 54 mm in diameter) out of a total of 63 were destroyed by RF: 13 @entity157 (average diameter: 32 mm) and 17 LM (average diameter: 26 mm). Treatment consisted of six percutaneous and 19 surgical RF procedures. In the surgical group, there were 11 cases of hepatectomy: right hepatectomy in five @entity1 with segment IV enlargement in one case, and sub-segmentectomy in six other @entity1 . In all cases, hepatic tomodensitometry was performed at one month post-treatment and then every three months. RESULTS: Postoperative portal @entity715 occurred in two @entity1 , one of whom died. @entity260 were observed in five @entity1 . During the mean follow-up period of 14 months (range: 2 to 28 months), two @entity1 died (carcinosis, @entity843 ), two and four months respectively after RF treatment. In situ recurrence occurred in four @entity157 and two LM @entity1 . Three @entity157 and four LM @entity1 developed new @entity99 . CONCLUSION: RF is a particularly interesting technique for the treatment of bilobar or unresectable @entity3 . It appears to be equally as efficient as other local treatments for small-sized @entity157 . However, technical improvements remain necessary to increase the destructive field covered by RF. A more important follow-up is needed so that the long-term efficacy and specific role of this new therapy can be accurately assessed.

title: [Radiofrequency ablation of malignant XXXX . Preliminary experience apropos of 25 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity843 :: ('MESH:D001201', 'Disease') :: ['ascitic decompensation']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Other postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors', 'hepatic or extra-hepatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity418 developing after hypopharyngeal or @entity5 is increasing in frequency, but operative treatment of such cases is not well established. The proximity of both @entity5 could produce interactive influence on surgical procedures and risk factors. There have been few reports focusing on surgical strategy for such cases. METHODS: We retrospectively investigated the most recent series of 18 @entity1 who had previously undergone pharyngolaryngectomy for @entity5 and subsequently underwent esophagectomy for second primary @entity5 . At esophagectomy special care was taken to preserve the tracheal vascularity and to select adequate procedures for lymph node dissection and bowel reconstruction. RESULTS: Curative resection as confirmed macroscopically was achieved in all cases except one. Lymph node involvement was found in half of the @entity1 . No major postoperative complication was observed except for partial @entity39 of the @entity825 in two cases that were conservatively treated. No @entity1 died during hospitalization. The 3-year survival rate was 64% overall and 55% in cases with lymph node involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Although increased operative risk was expected in esophagectomy after pharyngolaryngectomy, our operative results were acceptable. Most risk factors were controllable by selecting appropriate operation procedures. In @entity1 with technically resectable @entity5 , esophagectomy with systematic lymph node dissection is recommended as in @entity418 .

title: Surgical treatment for primary XXXX developing after pharyngolaryngectomy for head and neck cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'cancer of the esophagus', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'ordinary esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: AIM: To characterize the imaging manifestations of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) using multi-breath-hold two-dimensional susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) and compare to conventional liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-three @entity1 with histopathologically confirmed @entity157 underwent conventional liver MRI, multi-breath-hold two-dimensional SWI, and contrast-enhanced CT preoperatively. The T1-weighted imaging (WI), T2WI, and SWI images were evaluated in consensus by two experienced radiologists. The @entity5 boundaries, blood products in the @entity5 , venous vessels, and @entity96 were compared. RESULTS: SWI demonstrated significantly better @entity5 boundary detection than T1WI and T2WI imaging (67.4 and 25.6%, respectively). The detection rate for @entity5 blood products using SWI was higher than that of T1WI and T2WI (76.7 and 16.3%, respectively). The detection rate for @entity5 venous vessels using SWI was 72.1%, while none was detected with conventional T1WI and T2WI. The detection rate for siderotic nodules in @entity96 using SWI was higher than that of conventional T1WI and T2WI (65.1 and 20.9%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: SWI can provide more detailed information than conventional liver MRI in evaluation of @entity5 boundaries, blood products, venous vasculature, and @entity96 . SWI is a valuable complement to conventional liver MRI.

title: XXXX using multi-breath-hold two-dimensional susceptibility-weighted imaging: comparison to conventional liver MRI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intra-tumoural', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['non-tumour liver parenchyma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Characterizing hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: The adipose organ, which comprises brown, white and beige adipocytes, possesses remarkable plasticity in response to feeding and cold exposure. The development of beige adipocytes in @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ), a process called browning, represents a promising route to treat @entity209 . While surgical procedures constantly traumatize adipose tissue, its impact on adipocyte phenotype remains to be established. Herein, we studied the effect of @entity130 on adipocyte phenotype one day after sham, incision control, or @entity3816 to the left inguinal adipose compartment. Caloric restriction was used to control for surgery-associated body temperature changes and @entity353 . We characterized the @entity130 -induced cellular and molecular changes in subcutaneous, visceral, interscapular, and perivascular adipose tissue using histology, immunohistochemistry, gene expression, and flow cytometry analysis. After one day, surgical @entity130 stimulated adipose tissue browning at the site of injury and, importantly, in the contralateral inguinal depot. Browning was not present after incision only, and was largely independent of surgery-associated body temperature and @entity353 . Adipose @entity130 rapidly recruited monocytes to the injured site and promoted alternatively activated macrophages. Conversely, PDGF receptor-positive beige progenitors were reduced. In this study, we identify adipose @entity130 as an unexpected driver of selected local and remote adipose tissue browning, holding important implications for the biologic response to @entity3816 .

title: XXXX induces local and distant adipose tissue browning.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['WAT', 'white adipose tissue']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['surgical injury']

answer: @entity3816 :: (MESH:D007431,Disease) :: ['Surgical injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Strong acid inhibition using @entity1537 increases cure rates with triple therapy and 10-day treatments are more effective than 7-day ones. The combination of @entity115 plus @entity868 at full doses, and using a physiologically-correct schedule three times a day, and has been shown to overcome @entity868 resistance and to achieve good eradication rates. AIMS: To assess the eradication rate of a new first-line treatment regimen associating strong acid inhibition, @entity115 and @entity868 and to evaluate tolerance. METHODS: @entity1 from eight hospitals were included. @entity1534 status was assessed by at least one of the following: histology, culture, rapid urease test or @entity1133 breath test (UBT). Ten-day treatment was prescribed comprising @entity1537 40 mg twice a day plus @entity115 1 g and @entity16909 500 mg both three times a day. @entity1534 cure was assessed by UBT. RESULTS: A hundred and thirty-six @entity1 were enrolled. Mean age was 52.6    16 years and 59.6% of @entity1 were @entity1 . Main indications for treatment were: uninvestigated @entity2210 (13.6%); functional @entity2210 (18.2%); gastric ulcer (21.8%); and duodenal ulcer (39.8%). @entity1534 eradication was achieved in 112 of the 127 @entity1 who returned for follow-up. Eradication rates were 82.4% (95% CI: 74.7-88.1) by intention-to-treat analysis and 88.2% (95% CI: 81.2-92.8) by per protocol. Treatment was well tolerated and no major side effects were reported. Nine @entity1 complained of mild side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Cure rates of the combination of @entity1537 , @entity115 and @entity868 are high and the treatment was well tolerated. This pilot study warrants the comparison of this schedule with current standards.

title: High-dose, ten-day @entity1537 , @entity115 and XXXX triple therapy achieves high @entity1534 eradication rates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity1537 :: ('MESH:D064098', 'Chemical') :: ['esomeprazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity16909 :: ('CHEBI:6909', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazol']

answer: @entity868 :: (MESH:D008795,Chemical) :: ['metronidazole']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The management of @entity28 , apart from exercise, mainly involves a calorie restriction regimen. A pharmaceutical treatment is often used to improve @entity1 compliance and diet effectiveness, although several side-effects have previously been described. To improve @entity1 compliance and diet effectiveness without incurring unpleasant side-effects, we evaluated whether a distracting mini-meal can physiologically decrease the absorption of fats and @entity3363 . DESIGN: Two minutes before each of the three meals consumed daily, 32 @entity28 @entity1 were treated with a distracting mini-meal, 32 with @entity2449 , and 32 with placebo. At baseline and after 1, 3, and 6 months of treatment, body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, fasting @entity8447 and glycaemia, homeostasis model assessment-index, @entity1674 , and total @entity165 were evaluated. RESULTS: All @entity1 showed good compliance. With the exception of post-prandial glycaemia, a significant reduction in all parameters was documented in every group, albeit the greater variation was observed in @entity1 treated with a distracting mini-meal or @entity2449 . No one showed noteworthy side-effects. CONCLUSIONS: Our study focuses on a distracting mini-meal that could become a useful tool in enhancing @entity353 . The beneficial effect of a distracting meal on insulin resistance, @entity413 , and lipid metabolism suggest its possible use to prevent or mitigate @entity28 .

title: Enhancing treatment of XXXX by using a distracting mini-meal: a new approach to an old problem.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity-related disorders', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerols']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity8447 :: ('MESH:D017169', 'Disease') :: ['/post-prandial insulinaemia']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Intravenous @entity3303 is a possible means of preventing @entity1150 (D.V.T.) after elective hip surgery. In 14 control @entity1 the total incidence of D.V.T. was 78%, with a 57% incidence of thigh-vein @entity715 . In 14 @entity1 treated at random with intravenous @entity3303 during the first 6 postoperative days, there were only 2 @entity291 -vein thrombi (14%; P less than 0-005). In a further 14 cases treated consecutively there were 4 unilateral @entity291 -vein thrombi. No thrombi originated in the thigh veins (P less than 0-001). After intravenous @entity3303 was stopped the total incidence of D.V.T. in the 28 @entity1 rose to 53% with a 21% incidence of thigh-vein thrombi between the 7th and 14th postoperative days. There was no significant difference in @entity86 and fibrinolytic activity between control and treated @entity1 , and @entity190 and transfusion requirements were similar. Immediate or delayed @entity56 reactions to @entity3303 were not observed. The results support the view that damage to the vessel wall may be the initial event in the formation of a @entity1211 .

title: Intravenous XXXX in prevention of @entity1150 after elective hip surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lignocaine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative coagulation']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombus']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lignocaine']


abstract: STUDY PURPOSE: To investigate the long-term effects in adults of conservative treatment and anti-reflux surgery for @entity3025 on urinary-tract infections, renal function, and @entity158 . METHODS: Of 115 adult @entity1 with @entity3025 diagnosed between 1968 and 1984, conservative treatment was given to 46 @entity1 (36 women) and anti-reflux surgery was performed in 57 @entity1 (52 @entity1 ). The remaining 12 @entity1 underwent nephrectomy or heminephrectomy and were excluded from the study. The anti-reflux surgical methods used were the Politano-Leadbetter procedure in 44 @entity1 (73 ureters) and the Hutch procedure in 19 @entity1 (25 ureters). Six of these @entity1 were operated on with both methods. RESULTS: The frequency of acute @entity2885 was significantly reduced after anti-reflux surgery (P < 0.0001) as well as after diagnosis of @entity3025 in the group given conservative treatment (P or < 0.001). The frequency of lower-urinary-tract infections was not altered in either group. Surgery had no effect on significant @entity633 (Albustix > or = 2+) or on @entity177 . Forty-three @entity1 reported recurrent @entity158 at the time of diagnosis or anti-reflux surgery. Only one of the 12 @entity1 in the conservative group, compared with 29 of the 31 @entity1 in the anti-reflux surgery group, obtained relief from @entity158 during the follow-up. Nine @entity1 in the anti-reflux surgery group reported restitution of reduced general well-being after surgery. These @entity1 had experienced @entity2639 and/or @entity10 before surgery. @entity3025 was eliminated more frequently (P < 0.01) in the @entity1 operated on by the Politano-Leadbetter procedure (94%) than in those operated on by the Hutch procedure (68%). CONCLUSIONS: Loin @entity158 is common in adults with @entity3025 and is effectively eliminated by anti-reflux surgery. Anti-reflux surgery should be considered in adults with @entity3025 and very frequent acute pyelonephritic attacks only if conservative treatment has failed to alleviate these symptoms. Anti-reflux surgery is not indicated with the aim of @entity177 .

title: Conservative treatment and anti-reflux surgery in adults with @entity3025 : effect on urinary-tract infections, renal function and XXXX in a long-term follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2639 :: ('MESH:C536321', 'Disease') :: ['weariness']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['Vesico-ureteral reflux', 'vesico-ureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['arresting renal functional deterioration', 'progressive renal functional deterioration']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['loin pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['loin pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the prevalence of @entity3754 and intestinal parasitic infections in school-aged @entity1 living in a @entity6565 endemic area and discuss about the therapeutic regimen adopted in Brazil for the large-scale treatment of @entity6565 . METHODS: A cross-sectional study including 508 students aged 5-18 years old, enrolled in public schools within the city of Olinda, Pernambuco. The presence of @entity11333 was analyzed using the Hoffman, Pons and Janer method on 3 stool samples. The diagnosis of @entity281 was performed using the rapid immunochromatographic technique (ICT) for the antigen, and the @entity6027 membrane filtration for the presence of microfilariae. Descriptive statistics of the data was performed using EpiInfo version 7. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity6565 was 13.8% by ICT and 1.2% by microfilaraemia, while @entity11333 were detected in 64.2% of cases. Concurrent diagnosis of @entity6565 and @entity11333 was 9.4%, while 31.5% of students were parasite-free. Among individuals with @entity11333 , 55% had one parasite and 45% had more than one parasite. Geohelminths occurred in 72.5% of the parasited individuals. In the group with @entity281 the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis was 54.5%. CONCLUSIONS: The simultaneous diagnosis of @entity6565 and @entity11333 as well as the high frequency of geohelminths justify the need to reevaluate the treatment strategy used in the Brazilian @entity6565 large-scale treatment program.

title: Epidemiological assessment of neglected diseases in @entity1 : XXXX and soil-transmitted helminthiasis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity11333 :: ('MESH:D007411', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal parasites']

entities_list: @entity6565 :: ('MESH:D005368', 'Disease') :: ['filariasis']

entities_list: @entity6027 :: ('CHEBI:61433', 'Chemical') :: ['polycarbonate']

entities_list: @entity3754 :: ('MESH:D004605', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic filariasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['filarial infection']

answer: @entity3754 :: (MESH:D004605,Disease) :: ['lymphatic filariasis']


abstract: Drug therapy for the major inflammatory @entity272 , which include @entity483 , @entity1569 and @entity56 contact @entity1909 , is often inadequate due to poor efficacy, @entity137 , or both. Much research has focused on the macrolactam T cell inhibitors as a promising new class of agents for immunotherapy, and medicinal chemistry efforts to design novel @entity19583 analogs have produced clinically promising agents. A synthetic program to modify the @entity19583 nucleus to alter its physicochemical properties and promote systemic clearance is described. A biologic screening strategy to identify analogs with reduced systemic activity and rapid pharmacokinetic elimination led to identification of the clinical candidate, @entity38160 . A @entity1707 contact @entity56 model was used as a stringent indicator of skin penetration as @entity1 doses of topical corticosteroids produced inhibition only in the 50% range and ED50 values were 100-fold less potent than in @entity35 . Also, @entity205 was confirmed to be topically inactive in @entity1707 , as seen in @entity1 . @entity38160 had topical potency equal to @entity1140 ( @entity1140 ) despite a severalfold lower potency for inhibiting @entity1707 T cells in vitro, consistent with superior skin penetration. @entity38160 was found to have a shorter duration of action after i.v. dosing in monkeys using an ex vivo whole blood @entity22132 production assay. Systemic potency was reduced by 30-fold or more in @entity35 popliteal lymph node @entity1373 and contact @entity56 assays. Following i.v. or i.p. administration in the @entity1707 contact @entity56 model, @entity38160 was 19- and 61-fold less potent, respectively, than @entity1140 . Pharmacokinetic studies showed that @entity38160 had a shorter half life and higher rate of clearance than @entity1140 in all three species. The potent topical activity and reduced systemic exposure of @entity38160 may thus provide both efficacy and a greater margin of safety for topical therapy of @entity272 .

title: Discovery of @entity19583 analogs with potent topical but weak systemic activity for treatment of inflammatory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity19583 :: ('MESH:C058028', 'Chemical') :: ['ascomycin']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin diseases']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin diseases']


abstract: PURPOSE: Mucinous histology of metastatic @entity14 ( @entity14 ) has been associated with poor prognosis, however this has never been assessed in large well-defined study populations treated with the current used systemic agents. We investigated the prognostic value of mucinous histology in two large phase III studies in metastatic @entity14 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The study population included 1010 metastatic @entity14 @entity1 who were treated with chemotherapy and targeted therapies in two phase III studies. @entity1 were classified according to the histology of the primary @entity5 in @entity3079 ( @entity3079 ) and @entity3079 (AC). RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity3079 (n=99) were older, had more often a normal serum @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH), extrahepatic localisation of metastases, larger primary @entity5 diameter and a higher T classification compared to @entity1 with AC (n=911). A deficient mismatch repair system and @entity817 mutations were observed in 17% and 22% of @entity1 with @entity3079 , compared to 3% and 7% in @entity1 with AC, respectively. Clinical outcome was investigated in both studies separately, showing a worse @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), progression free survival and overall response rate in @entity1 with @entity3079 compared to @entity1 with AC. @entity1 with @entity3079 received less cycles of treatment compared to AC, but did not suffer from a higher incidence of grade 3/4 @entity137 . In multivariate analysis, mucinous histology was as an independent negative prognostic factor for @entity1349 , resulting in a combined hazard ratio of 1.78 (95%confidence interval (CI) 1.35-2.35). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with metastatic mucinous @entity14 have distinct clinicopathological features and poor response to chemotherapy and targeted agents. The strong negative prognostic value of @entity3079 warrants the use of this pathological feature as a stratification factor for clinical trials in metastatic @entity14 .

title: XXXX : poor prognosis in metastatic @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['non-mucinous adenocarcinomas', 'MC', 'mucinous adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity3079 :: (MESH:D002288,Disease) :: ['Mucinous adenocarcinomas']


abstract: The status of the @entity986 gene was investigated by Southern blot, polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP), and DNA sequencing analyses in 30 primary resected @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) with metastatic involvement of thoracic lymph nodes and 33 @entity1149 without node @entity3 . Direct sequencing of @entity5 DNA samples scored positive by PCR-SSCP showed five somatic mutations of the @entity986 gene: four nonsense and one frameshift. The Southern blot analysis revealed the presence of a homozygous deletion of the @entity986 locus in one @entity5 . All of the six @entity1149 with somatic aberrations of the @entity986 gene belonged to the series of @entity5 with metastatic diffusion to thoracic lymph nodes. In each of these six cases, the genetic aberration was seen in both the primary @entity5 and the node @entity3 . No @entity986 alteration was found in @entity5 without metastatic lymph nodes. This difference was statistically significant (P = 0.02). No correlation was present between @entity986 alterations and other clinicopathological parameters including age of @entity1 , @entity5 size, histological type, and grade. In three @entity5 with genetic aberration of @entity986 , there was a concomitant alteration of the @entity876 gene. Our results indicate that the @entity986 gene is infrequently mutated (10 per cent of the cases examined) in primary resected NSCLC. However, since @entity986 mutations were found only in @entity5 , they may be important events in late phases of @entity5 progression and could represent useful markers of @entity5 in NSCLC.

title: Alterations of @entity986 ( @entity986 ) in node-positive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour aggressiveness', 'metastatic tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung carcinomas', 'NSCLCs']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung carcinomas']


abstract: An open post-marketing surveillance study was conducted to examine the treatment effect and safety of @entity40246 -solution in the treatment of acute @entity3617 in @entity1 . This study included a total of 742 @entity1 (aged between 0 and 12 years) with acute @entity3617 (83.4%) or acute exacerbations of chronic @entity3617 (14.3%), who were treated with different doses of the herbal drug for up to 14 days. Five @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ) were summed up to give an overall measure of disease severity. Non-specific @entity66 ( @entity1277 , @entity294 , @entity10 , @entity391 , and fever) were also recorded, together with adverse events and overall ratings of efficacy and tolerability. The overall @entity1109 score decreased during treatment from 6.0+/-3.0 points at baseline to 2.7+/-2.5 points after 7 days and to 1.4+/-2.1 points after 14 days. Remission or improvement in at least 80% of @entity1 was recorded for all the individual component symptoms. The proportion of @entity1 suffering from non-specific symptoms also substantially improved during treatment. For example, @entity1277 was present in 65.8% of @entity1 at study begin, but only in 27.6% at the time point of last observation visit. In 88.3% of cases, the responsible physician rated the treatment as successful. Adverse events were minor and transitory. In conclusion, @entity40246 -solution was shown to be a safe and an effective treatment option for acute @entity3617 or acute exacerbations of chronic @entity3617 in @entity1 .

title: Treatment effect and safety of XXXX -solution in acute @entity3617 in childhood: report of a multicentre observational study.

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease symptoms']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['BSS', 'bronchitis specific symptoms']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['loss of appetite']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity40246 :: (MESH:C476332,Chemical) :: ['EPs 7630']


abstract: CONTEXT: Immunoassay-based techniques, routinely used to measure serum @entity53 (E2), are known to have reduced specificity, especially at lower concentrations, when compared with the gold standard technique of mass spectrometry (MS). Different measurement techniques may be responsible for the conflicting results of associations between serum E2 and clinical phenotypes in @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to compare immunoassay and MS measurements of E2 levels in @entity1 and evaluate associations with clinical phenotypes. DESIGN AND SETTING: Middle-aged and older male subjects participating in the population-based @entity3604 in @entity1 ( @entity35638 ) Sweden study (n = 2599), @entity35638 US (n = 688), and the European Male Aging Study (n = 2908) were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Immunoassay and MS measurements of serum E2 were compared and related to @entity79 ( @entity79 ; measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry) and ankle-brachial index. RESULTS: Within each cohort, serum E2 levels obtained by immunoassay and MS correlated moderately (Spearman rank correlation coefficient rS 0.53-0.76). Serum @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) levels associated significantly (albeit to a low extent, rS = 0.29) with immunoassay E2 but not with MS E2 levels. Similar associations of immunoassay E2 and MS E2 were seen with lumbar spine and total hip @entity79 , independent of serum @entity1851 . However, immunoassay E2, but not MS E2, associated inversely with ankle-brachial index, and this correlation was lost after adjustment for @entity1851 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest interference in the immunoassay E2 analyses, possibly by @entity1851 . Although associations with @entity79 remain unaffected, this might imply for a reevaluation of previous association studies between immunoassay E2 levels and inflammation-related outcomes.

title: Comparisons of immunoassay and mass spectrometry measurements of serum XXXX levels and their influence on clinical association studies in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporotic Fractures']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP or a CRP-associated factor', 'CRP']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: Treatment options for symptomatic @entity2457 ( @entity2457 ) include surgery, @entity887 and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). We reviewed our DAVF experience at the University of Pittsburgh and assessed the role of SRS. We evaluated 40 consecutive @entity1 who underwent Gamma Knife SRS for 44 @entity2457 . Twenty-eight @entity1 had upfront SRS before or after @entity887 performed at our institution, and 12 @entity1 underwent delayed SRS for recurrent or residual @entity2457 after initial @entity887 . The median SRS target volume was 2.0 cm3, and the median marginal dose was 21.0 Gy. At a median follow-up of 45 months (range, 23-116 months), a total of 28 @entity1 with 32 @entity2457 had obliteration. The obliteration rate was 83% for @entity1 who had upfront SRS and @entity887 . The obliteration rate was lower (67%) for @entity1 managed with SRS alone. The obliteration rate was 71% for @entity1 who had delayed SRS for recurrent or residual @entity2457 following prior @entity887 . In our experience cavernous/carotid @entity292 were associated with higher rates of obliteration and symptomatic improvement compared to transverse/sigmoid sinus region @entity292 . Our experience suggests that successful DAVF obliteration is possible in most @entity1 with upfront SRS in conjunction with @entity887 . SRS alone is an effective treatment for selected @entity1 with a small-volume, low-risk DAVF.

title: Stereotactic radiosurgery with or without @entity887 for intracranial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['dural arteriovenous fistulas', 'DAVFs']

answer: @entity2457 :: (MESH:D020785,Disease) :: ['dural arteriovenous fistulas']


abstract: 1. @entity1735 composition of serum low and high density lipoproteins obtained from 5 nonhuman primate species ( @entity831 , patas, @entity3474 , rhesus, and spider) and @entity1 was studied. 2. Individual lipoproteins were isolated from pooled sera of each species by ultracentrifugal flotation between the densities 1.019-1.063 for LDL-2; 1.063-1.12 for @entity9680 ; and 1.12-1.21 for HDL-3. After delipidation, @entity3167 , @entity3953 , @entity4823 , @entity3913 , @entity3649 , and @entity413 were determined on apo LDL-2, apo @entity9680 , and apo HDL-3. 3. @entity4823 , @entity3649 , and @entity3913 constituted a major component of the @entity3363 in apo LDL-2, with similar relative proportions in all species. @entity3167 , @entity3953 , and @entity413 formed a minor component, the proportions of which varied greatly among the species. 4. Unlike apo LDL-2, @entity3167 , @entity3953 , and @entity4823 constituted the bulk of the @entity3363 in apo @entity9680 and apo HDL-3. @entity3913 , @entity3649 , and @entity413 were minor components, with @entity3649 predominating. 5. Qualitative differences were observed in electrophoretic mobilities of apo @entity9680 and apo HDL-3 on @entity2975 gel. One faster moving band was unique to @entity831 . 6. Intraspecies differences in the content of @entity3167 and @entity3953 of apolipoproteins may be related to lipoprotein metabolism and species susceptibility (or resistance) to either spontaneous or diet-induced @entity731 .

title: XXXX composition of serum low and high density lipoproteins of nonhuman primate species.

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['Sialic acid', 'sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity4823 :: ('MESH:D005944', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucosamine', 'glucosamine']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity831 :: ('9598', 'Species') :: ['chimpanzee']

entities_list: @entity3913 :: ('MESH:D008358', 'Chemical') :: ['mannose', 'Mannose']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['Carbohydrate']


abstract: Ten @entity1 after traumatic shoulder dislocation with resulting instability due to an acute anterior glenoid @entity174 involving at least 21 percent of the glenoid length were treated by arthroscopic screw fixation of the fragment. The average fragment size measured 26.2% of the glenoid length. Pre- and postoperative radiographic evaluations were performed with three-dimensional CT scans. A cannulated @entity702 screw system was used for fragment fixation. All ten @entity1 were followed up radiographically and, by evaluation of the Rowe score, clinically after a minimum of 2 years. At follow-up the Rowe score averaged 94 points. According to the rating scale, seven @entity1 had an excellent result, two @entity1 a good result, and one, fair result. In all @entity1 CT scan confirmed that the @entity174 had healed in an anatomical position. One @entity1 had one episode of traumatic redislocation with a positive apprehension test at follow up. In one case, removal of the screw was necessary due to mechanical impingement. We recommend this arthroscopic technique allowing for closed reduction and internal screw fixation of large anterior glenoid @entity174 , ensuring anatomical @entity174 healing and gleno-humeral joint stability.

title: Arthroscopic screw fixation of large anterior glenoid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although injectable anesthetics are still widely used in laboratory rodents, scientific data concerning @entity158 and distress during and after stereotactic surgery are rare. However, optimal anesthesia protocols have a high impact on the quality of the derived data. We therefore investigated the suitability of recommended injectable anesthesia with a traditionally used monoanesthesia for stereotactic surgery in view of optimization and refinement in @entity35 . The influence of the recommended complete reversal anesthesia ( @entity2098 ; 0.15mg/kg @entity8998 , 2mg/kg @entity1363 , 0.005mg/kg @entity3575 ; i.m.) with or without reversal and of @entity22292 (430mg/kg, 3.6%, i.p.) on various physiological, biochemical and behavioral parameters (before, during, after surgery) was analyzed. @entity5161 was also included in stress parameter analysis. In all groups, depth of anesthesia was sufficient for stereotactic surgery with no animal losses. @entity2098 caused transient @entity5768 , @entity5442 at the injection site and increased early postoperative @entity158 scores. Reversal induced @entity2146 , @entity2146 and @entity2332 . Even the low concentrated @entity22292 led to @entity298 and multifocal @entity409 , corresponding to increased stress hormone levels and loss in body weight. Increased stress response was also exerted by @entity5161 anesthesia. Pronounced systemic @entity137 of @entity22292 strongly questions its further use in rodent anesthesia. In view of undesired effects of @entity2098 and @entity5161 , thorough consideration of anesthesia protocols for particular research projects is indispensable. Reversal should be restricted to emergency situations. Our data support further refinement of the current protocols and the importance of sham operated controls.

title: Towards optimized anesthesia protocols for stereotactic surgery in @entity35 : Analgesic, stress and general health effects of injectable anesthetics. A comparison of A recommended complete reversal anesthesia with traditional XXXX monoanesthesia.

entities_list: @entity22292 :: ('MESH:D002697', 'Chemical') :: ['chloral hydrate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5768 :: ('MESH:D005094', 'Disease') :: ['exophthalmos']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['restlessness', 'agitation']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoflurane', 'isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity8998 :: ('MESH:D020926', 'Chemical') :: ['medetomidine']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity22292 :: (MESH:D002697,Chemical) :: ['chloral hydrate']