abstract: Signal-averaged electrocardiography has been used to identify @entity1 at risk for arrhythmic death after @entity583 . Since @entity1 with @entity737 ( @entity737 ) are at high risk for arrhythmic events, they should also be expected to have a high incidence of abnormal signal-averaged electrocardiograms (SAECGs). However, whether the SAECG can discriminate @entity1 who will have @entity943 recurrence and receive appropriate @entity1479 shocks from those who will have no recurrence and no shocks is unknown. This study examines the usefulness of the SAECG to separate appropriate users from non-users of the @entity1479 . Fifty @entity1 with @entity737 participated in this study. Those who received a shock preceded by symptoms, a shock without preceding symptoms but with electrocardiographic documentation of @entity2224 or @entity1165 , or a shock while asleep were classified as @entity1479 users. All other @entity1 were classified as nonusers. The SAECG was classified as normal if the QRS duration on the standard electrocardiogram was less than or equal to 110 msec and if the total filtered QRS duration was less than 120 msec, the root-mean square voltage of the terminal 40 msec was greater than 25 muV, and the terminal low amplitude signal duration measured less than 38 msec. The SAECG was classified as abnormal if the QRS duration on the standard electrocardiogram was less than or equal to 110 msec and any one of these three criteria were outside the "normal range." The SAECG was classified as indeterminate if the QRS duration on the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram was greater than 110 msec. For the entire group of 50 @entity1 , 8 (16%), 12 (24%), and 30 (60%) had normal, abnormal, and indeterminate SAECGs, respectively. Of the 22 @entity1479 users, 1 (5%), 5 (23%), and 16 (73%) @entity1 had normal, abnormal, and indeterminate SAECGs, respectively. Of the 28 @entity1479 nonusers, 7 (25%), 7 (25%), and 14 (50%) @entity1 had normal, abnormal, and indeterminate SAECGs, respectively. @entity1479 users had lower left ventricular ejection fractions (P = 0.0002), a higher incidence of @entity1165 (P = 0.04), prior exposure to a greater number of antiarrhythmic drugs (P = 0.04), and a lower likelihood for survival (P = 0.02) compared to the @entity1479 nonusers. There was no statistically significant difference between the @entity1479 users and nonusers as stratified by SAECG classification regardless of whether or not the interminate studies were included or excluded from the analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Inability of the signal-averaged electrocardiogram to determine risk of @entity943 recurrence in XXXX with @entity737 .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICDs', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillators']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This study evaluates the effectiveness and safety of intravenous @entity3988 for the treatment of @entity955 and @entity956 . A double-blind, parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled protocol was used, and 6 large, urban hospitals, both university-affiliated and private, participated. The study involved 113 @entity1 with @entity955 or @entity5069 , a ventricular rate greater than or equal to 120 beats/min and systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg without severe @entity712 . The dose of intravenous @entity3988 (or identical placebo) was 0.25 mg/kg/2 minutes followed 15 minutes later by 0.35 mg/kg/2 minutes if the first dose was tolerated but ineffective. If a @entity1 did not respond, the code was broken and the @entity1 was allowed to receive open-label @entity3988 if placebo had been given. Of 56 @entity1 , 42 (75%) randomized to receive @entity3988 responded to 0.25 mg/kg and 10 of 14 responded to 0.35 mg/kg, for a total response rate of 52 of 56 @entity1 (93%), whereas 7 of 57 @entity1 (12%) responded to placebo (p less than 0.001). After the double-blind protocol, 49 of the 57 @entity1 who received placebo were then given @entity3988 ; 47 of 49 responded, for an overall response rate of 99 of 105 @entity1 (94%) with @entity3988 . The median time from the start of drug infusion to the maximal decrease in heart rate was 4.3 minutes. Side effects occurred in 14 @entity1 , 7 of whom had asymptomatic @entity551 not requiring intervention. Thus, intravenous @entity3988 was rapidly effective for slowing the ventricular response in most @entity1 with @entity955 or @entity956 . Blood pressure decreased slightly. Side effects were mild.

title: Efficacy and safety of intravenous @entity3988 for treatment of XXXX and @entity956 . The @entity3988 -Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There is an increased risk of @entity65 and mortality in @entity1 with nocturnal intermittent hypoxaemia. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evalute the influence of @entity7965 on @entity943 and @entity296 in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ). METHOD: We studied 77 @entity1 (55.8 +/- 7.9 years) with @entity583 , chronic @entity358 , abnormal awake blood gases tension. All @entity1 underwent overnight pulse oximetry and 24-hour electrocardiography. @entity1 were divided into two groups according to @entity7965 . Total number of @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ); maximal @entity1540 /h; incidence of @entity1540 Lown class > 2 and occurrence of @entity308 were analysed for nocturnal (10 PM to 6 AM), daytime (6 AM to 22 PM) periods and for the entire 24 hours. RESULTS: Both groups were similar in age, gender, standard risk factors, @entity583 size and did not differ in @entity1540 during the analysed periods. The number of nocturnal maximal @entity1540 /h was insignificantly greater in group 1 (with hypoxaemia) compared to group 2 (without hypoxaemia), (p = 0.084). Maximal @entity1540 /h did not differ significantly either for daytime or for 24 hours among the groups. Nocturnal @entity1540 Lown > 2 were significantly more frequent in group 1 (25% vs 0%, p = 0.002). The incidence of @entity1540 Lown > 2 was similar during the daytime, and during 24 hrs in both groups. Occurrence of @entity308 did not differ between groups 1 and 2. CONCLUSION: Nocturnal hypoxaemia was associated with complex nocturnal @entity943 in @entity1 with @entity583 .

title: [ @entity583 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST-segment depression']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal hypoxaemia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular premature complex', 'VPC']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI', 'MI free of complications']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity7965 :: (MESH:D006457,Disease) :: ['nocturnal hypoxaemia']


abstract: It is well established that @entity470 signals from both the plasma membrane (PM) and endosome (EN). However, very little is known about whether and how the @entity470 signals at the PM and EN to differentially regulate various signaling pathways and the physiological outcomes. In this communication, we established a system that allowed the specific activations of @entity470 at different cell locations: PM and EN. PM activation of @entity470 is achieved by activation of @entity942 mutant EGFR1010LL/AA stably expressed in CHO cells (CHO-LL/AA cell). EN activation of @entity470 is achieved by activating the wild type @entity470 stably expressed in CHO cells (CHO- @entity470 cell) after its internalization into EN with a previously reported protocol. We showed that both @entity470 activations at PM and EN activated @entity3963 to a similar level, but differentially stimulated transcriptional factors @entity1178 and @entity1639 . We further showed that @entity470 activations at PM and EN resulted in differential spatio-temporal dynamics of phosphorylated @entity3963 which caused the differential activation of two downstream substrates @entity15977 and @entity34562 . Finally we showed that @entity470 signaling from PM and EN led to different physiological outcomes. CHO-LL/AA cells that only generate PM @entity470 signals have a larger cell size and slower proliferation rate than @entity435 - @entity470 cells. We conclude that location-specific @entity470 activation differentially regulates cell functions through a spatio-temporal interplay of @entity3963 activation.

title: Differential regulation of transcription factors by location-specific EGF receptor signaling via a spatio-temporal interplay of XXXX activation.

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['endocytosis-deficient']

answer: @entity3963 :: (5594,Gene) :: ['ERK']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity29 are susceptible to @entity715 in the active phase of the disease. Tests and some factors of coagulability have shown the existence of @entity49 of the blood in the active phase of these diseases. In the last few years some authors have found increased levels of antiphospholipid antibodies in the blood of @entity1 with severe forms of @entity30 and @entity31 . In a prospective study anticardiolipin antibodies have been measured in the blood of 12 @entity1 , eight with @entity31 and four with @entity30 . Six @entity1 with @entity31 and two with @entity30 were in the active phase of the disease, and the others in the remission. None of the @entity1 had any clinical signs of @entity715 . Anticardiolipin antibodies were slightly increased in only one @entity1 with severe @entity31 complicated with @entity5406 and swelling of the ankles. In nine patients anticardiolipin antibodies were in the normal range, but in two they were not found. Results of our study do not allow any definite conclusion regarding the possible role of antiphospholipid antibodies in the development of @entity715 in @entity29 : the number of the @entity1 is relatively low and in half of the cases the disease was moderately active. Further studies are therefore necessary.

title: Antiphospholipid antibodies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5406 :: ('MESH:D004893', 'Disease') :: ['erythema nodosum']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) tend to bleed more during surgery than do @entity1 with other conditions. A retrospective analysis of @entity190 after spinal surgery for scoliosis was therefore undertaken in 102 @entity1 undergoing surgery in the senior author's unit. These included 48 @entity1 with @entity1555 , 26 @entity1 with @entity2057 , and a miscellaneous group of 28 other @entity1 most of whom had @entity2112 . For each @entity1 the age at surgery, estimated blood volume, duration of operation, Cobb angle, and number of vertebrae fused were recorded and compared. Expression of @entity4714 in skeletal muscle and the underlying gene mutation were also determined. The estimated @entity190 in @entity1 with @entity1555 was significantly higher than that in @entity1 with @entity2057 undergoing the same or similar procedure (P < 0.005) and was also significantly greater than that of the third group, which consisted mostly of @entity1 with @entity2112 (P < 0.0005). @entity190 in the @entity1 group with @entity1555 showed a significant relationship with duration of surgery (P < 0.05). As most @entity1 expressed no @entity4714 , this did not correlate with the estimated @entity190 . There was also no correlation between the estimated @entity190 and the type of gene mutation found causing @entity1555 . The authors' previous observations confirm the increased @entity190 in @entity1 with @entity1555 who undergo scoliosis surgery. Because @entity1 with @entity1555 lack @entity4714 in all muscle types, including smooth muscle, the excessive @entity190 may be because of a poor vascular smooth muscle vaso-constrictive response due to a lack of @entity4714 .

title: @entity190 in XXXX : vascular smooth muscle dysfunction?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['Blood loss', 'blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['spinal muscular atrophy']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']


abstract: Results of the present study indicate that @entity52036 may be a suitable @entity596 -reducing microorganism for commercial application in a microbially catalyzed @entity68 ore bioextraction (reductive dissolution) process. The proposed scheme of the bioextraction process (Fig. 1) entails the addition of a suitable @entity68 ore to anaerobic, batch cultures of aerobically grown @entity52036 , with subsequent recovery of @entity8798 in the product stream. Although batch growth under low @entity26 tension is known to induce expression of the high-rate @entity596 reduction system in @entity24816 , such growth conditions do not appreciably enhance the rate at which @entity24816 catalyzes the reductive dissolution of @entity68 from low-grade @entity68 ore. As a result, strict monitoring of dissolved @entity26 levels during batch growth is not required. Highly aerobic growth conditions are most desirable because such conditions maximize microbial growth rates. Commercial application of the proposed process is made more attractive by the ability to grow @entity24816 aerobically on a relatively inexpensive organic substrate (filter-sterilized, primary effluent wastewater) as sole @entity505 and energy source. Physical and chemical factors that accelerate overall reductive dissolution rates include (i) pulverization of the @entity68 ores before their addition to the anaerobic, batch cultures, and (ii) subsequent addition of an @entity596 -chelating agent to the anaerobic @entity68 ore-microorganism slurry. Recycle of residual ore remaining in the initial reactor vessel after a one-hour incubation is recommended, since overall reductive dissolution rates decrease dramatically after that time. Significant enhancement of the overall reductive dissolution rates may reside in the ability to genetically engineer a more robust @entity596 -reducing microorganism. Preliminary genetic studies presented here indicate that @entity24816 is a suitable model microorganism for studying the molecular basis of microbial @entity596 reduction. Mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that the @entity596 reduction system of @entity24816 is physiologically uncoupled from other electron-accepting processes carried out by this bacterium, and that a distinct ferrireductase enzyme is expressed after growth under either highly aerobic or microaerobic conditions. An array of @entity24816 mutants (Class I), deficient only in their ability to grow anaerobically on @entity596 as sole terminal electron acceptor, were isolated and a single mutant selected for subsequent gene cloning (complementation) experiments. Restriction enzyme analysis of putative, complemented clones (i.e., transconjugates in which the ability to grow anaerobically on @entity596 had been restored) revealed the presence of a common cloned DNA insert.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Bioextraction (reductive dissolution) of XXXX from low-grade @entity68 ores. Fundamental and applied studies.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity24816 :: ('24', 'Species') :: ['S. putrefaciens']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: Although matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated in @entity0 progression, the contribution of @entity3334 and @entity1549 to this process, has not been thoroughly investigated. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important at several points during multistage neoplastic progression. Immunohistochemistry (Strept-ABC-HRP method) and in situ hybridization were performed to detect @entity3334 , MMM-3 proteins, and @entity1549 mRNA, respectively, in 77 infiltrative @entity0 . @entity3334 , @entity1549 protein, and @entity1549 mRNA detection were analyzed in parallel with clinicopathologic features (menopausal status, histological type, nuclear and histological grade, stage) and the immunohistochemical reactivity of @entity172 (ER), @entity1420 (PR) receptors, and @entity1722 oncoprotein in @entity0 . Statistical analysis was performed using the multiple linear regression test. Immunoreactivity for @entity3334 and @entity1549 was observed in 59 of 77 (77%) and 22 of 77 (28.5%) @entity0 and was evaluated separately in @entity5 cells and in stromal fibroblasts. @entity1549 mRNA was detected in 72 of 77 (93.5%) @entity189 exclusively in stromal cells within the @entity5 or in the marginal portion of @entity5 . @entity3334 protein immunoreactivity in stromal fibroblasts but not in @entity5 cells showed a statistically significant correlation with @entity5 stage (P=.04). @entity3334 reactivity either in stromal or in @entity5 cells showed a statistically significant inverse correlation with PR expression (P=.04 and P=.04, respectively). @entity1549 protein immunoreactivity in @entity5 or stromal cells and @entity1549 mRNA expression was not associated with the clinicopathologic features studied. @entity1549 mRNA was detected more often in @entity513 . These results indicate that @entity3334 may contribute to @entity0 . Furthermore, they suggest differential functions for @entity3334 and @entity1549 in @entity0 progression.

title: XXXX in @entity0 : correlation with @entity1420 receptors and other clinicopathologic features.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast cancer invasiveness', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinomas']

answer: @entity3334 :: (4312,Gene) :: ['Matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of @entity4677 (LEV) as adjunctive therapy in @entity1 (4 to 16 years) with treatment-resistant partial-onset @entity410 . METHODS: This multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial consisted of an 8-week baseline period followed by a 14-week double-blind treatment period. During the treatment period, @entity1 received either placebo or LEV add-on therapy and were up-titrated to a target dose of 60 mg/kg/day. RESULTS: One hundred ninety-eight @entity1 (intent-to-treat population) provided evaluable data. The reduction in partial-onset @entity410 frequency per week for LEV adjunctive therapy over placebo adjunctive therapy was significant (26.8%; p = 0.0002; 95% CI 14.0% to 37.6%). A 50% or greater reduction of partial @entity410 frequency per week was attained in 44.6% of the LEV group (45/101 @entity1 ), compared with 19.6% (19/97 @entity1 ) receiving placebo (p = 0.0002). Seven (6.9%) LEV-treated @entity1 were @entity410 -free during the entire double-blind treatment period, compared with one (1.0%) placebo-treated @entity1 . One or more adverse events were reported by 88.1% of LEV-treated @entity1 and 91.8% of placebo @entity1 . The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were @entity2147 , @entity130 , @entity391 , @entity448 , hostility, nervousness, @entity2490 , cough, and @entity7551 . A similar number of @entity1 in each group required a dose reduction or withdrew from the study as a result of an adverse event. CONCLUSION: @entity4677 adjunctive therapy administered at 60 mg/kg/day is efficacious and well tolerated in @entity1 with treatment-resistant partial @entity410 .

title: Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of adjunctive @entity4677 in pediatric partial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['levetiracetam', 'Levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['accidental injury']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic outcomes of freshly @entity924 by turning over aponeurosis of gastrocnemius and holding its rough surface to contact with sutured tendons. METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 with @entity924 received surgeries at our department. There were 20 males and 12 females with an age range of 22 - 45 years. All @entity1 were injured during movement. The surgical techniques involved applying medial straight incision of tendon about 5 cm, under the help of long tractors, turning over aponeurosis of gastrocnemius and holding its rough surface to contact with sutured tendons. All @entity1 were motivated to accept early motion exercises after surgery. The follow-up was carried out during May 2007 to January 2010 with an average period of 18 months. Based upon the Arner Lindholm score, their therapeutic outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: Incisions were healing well in all @entity1 . All @entity1 removed long plaster and changed into short plaster when they received operation for 3 weeks. After 6 weeks, plaster was removed and they began to exercise movement of ankle. At Week 8, their ankle functions were close to normal. At Week 12, they could jog. The final outcomes were as follows: excellent (n = 24), good (n = 6) and poor (n = 2). The excellent rate was over 93.75%. CONCLUSION: Turning over aponeurosis of gastrocnemius and holding its rough surface to contact with sutured tendons is an excellent therapeutic method for freshly @entity924 so that the @entity1 may be motivated to execute early motion exercises. Early motion exercise is essential for an earlier recovery of postoperative function.

title: [Turning over rough surface of aponeurosis of gastrocnemius for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['torn Achilles tendon']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['repairing freshly torn Achilles tendon']


abstract: The anticonvulsant drug @entity3174 may be cooxidized during @entity3009 biosynthesis to a reactive free radical intermediate capable of exerting embryopathic effects. Since @entity864 ( @entity865 ), a potent @entity5 promoter, activates the enzymatic release of @entity1426 , thereby initiating @entity3009 synthesis, the potential teratological synergism between these two compounds was investigated. Pregnant @entity2659 @entity19 were given a fixed dose of @entity3174 , 65 mg/kg intraperitoneally (ip), on Gestational Days 12 and 13, followed 2 hr later by varying doses of @entity865 , 0.2 to 2000 micrograms/kg ip. The dams were killed on Day 19 and fetuses were examined for anomalies. @entity865 post-treatment with doses of 2 to 200 micrograms/kg produced a @entity865 dose-related increase in maternal lethality of up to 100%, compared with no lethality in dams given @entity865 or @entity3174 alone. Subsequent studies therefore were restricted to @entity865 doses between 0.2 and 20 micrograms/kg. @entity865 20 micrograms/kg caused a threefold increase (p = 0.11) in the incidence of @entity3174 -induced @entity2419 , which likely was an underestimate due to the extremely high (97%) incidence of fetal resorptions. With lower @entity865 doses of 0.2 to 20 micrograms/kg, the incidence of fetal resorptions in animals treated with both @entity3174 and @entity865 increased in a @entity865 dose-related manner, to over twofold (p less than 0.05), compared with @entity3174 controls. Postpartum fetal lethality was enhanced similarly by the combination treatment, reaching a maximum of 100% (p less than 0.05). Lower doses of @entity865 also significantly enhanced the fetal weight loss in @entity3174 -treated @entity19 , while in contrast, @entity865 alone significantly increased fetal body weight compared with vehicle-treated controls. In animals treated with only @entity865 , the incidence of @entity2241 generally was either comparable to controls or significantly less than that in @entity3174 controls. These data indicate that @entity865 can potentiate @entity3174 -induced @entity2241 , possibly through a mechanism involving bioactivation by @entity3009 synthetase.

title: Effects of the @entity5 promoter @entity864 on @entity3174 -induced XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palates']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['embryopathy']

answer: @entity2241 :: (MESH:D005315,Disease) :: ['embryopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We attempted to determine the effects of @entity2399 on: (1) @entity2232 concentration in @entity1468 , @entity3152 , and term pregnancy and (2) @entity2232 release from @entity1 umbilical cord endothelial cells. STUDY DESIGN: Plasma samples were prospectively collected from eight @entity1 with @entity1468 , six @entity3152 @entity1 , and eight term @entity1 undergoing external cephalic version before and 2 hours after @entity2399 infusion. Supernatants were collected from @entity1 umbilical cord endothelial cells exposed to @entity2399 and controls. All samples were assayed with a specific radioimmunoassay for @entity2232 . Paired Student t test and analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: @entity2399 infusion in @entity1468 lowered @entity2232 levels compared with preinfusion values (6.6 +/- 3.81 before and 4.75 +/- 2.28 after infusion, p < 0.02). @entity2399 did not have an effect on @entity2232 concentration in preterm and term pregnancies. @entity2399 did not alter the @entity2232 release from @entity1 umbilical cord endothelial cells. CONCLUSION: A significant reduction of @entity2232 plasma levels after @entity2399 therapy is limited to @entity1468 . In contrast, this lowering effect was not exhibited in @entity1 without @entity1468 or in normal endothelial cells.

title: Effect of XXXX on plasma @entity2232 levels in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate', 'Magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

answer: @entity2399 :: (MESH:D008278,Chemical) :: ['magnesium sulfate']


abstract: We reported a 59-year-old @entity1 who had complained of right temporalgia for 5 years. She was first diagnosed with a carious tooth, but treatment did not alleviate the @entity158 . She then developed right @entity158 and @entity1183 at the right side of the tongue tip. In spite of repetitive examinations and medications, temporalgia worsened in August, 2007. Neurological examination on admission revealed a palpable soft-to-firm @entity5 with @entity925 at the right temporal head region, right @entity158 radiating to the right forehead induced by tapping on the middle of the forehead, and @entity809 at the right tip of the tongue, @entity1851 was negative and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was normal. Ultrasonographic examination showed beads-like @entity5 with @entity258 without blood flow. MRI demonstrated multiple small ovoid lesions in the right subcutaneous tissue of the right temporal head. Although we initially suspected @entity226 , these findings were contrary. Tumor biopsy finally revealed @entity3292 of the right auriculotemporal nerve. A sporadic localized intraneural @entity3292 at the extracranial region is an uncommon entity. Furthermore, nerve @entity5 of the trigeminal nerve rarely manifest with intermittent @entity158 burning or crawling sensations simulating trigeminal @entity9 . The present case manifested as a @entity5 with @entity925 at the right auriculotemporal nerve and mimicked @entity226 . Therefore, it is important to understand that @entity8810 can mimic @entity226 and manifest with @entity158 .

title: [ XXXX presenting as a tender soft-to-firm @entity5 at the temporal head region masquerading as @entity226 ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'sheath tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8810 :: ('MESH:D013547', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibroma of the auriculotemporal nerve']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['dysesthesia']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['temporal arteritis']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-echoic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['solitary neurofibroma', 'neurofibroma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain', 'pain', 'trigeminal neuralgia-like pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity3292 :: (MESH:D009455,Disease) :: ['Solitary neurofibroma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate safety and pharmacokinetics and to establish the maximum tolerated dose of @entity57088 when administered in combination with @entity136 in advanced solid @entity5 . METHODS: This Phase 1 dose-escalation study evaluated the combination of @entity57088 + @entity136 in @entity1 with advanced solid @entity5 . Cohorts of three to six @entity1 were treated with @entity57088 doses from 1,500 to 4,500 mg/m(2) i.v. over 4 h on Day 1 and @entity136 1,000 mg/m(2) i.v. over 30 min on Days 1, 8 and 15 of every 28-day cycle. Detailed PK sampling was performed on days 1 and 8 of the first two cycles. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 were enrolled. Two @entity1 had dose-limiting @entity137 : Grade 3 fatigue at 2,500 mg/m(2) and Grade 4 @entity882 at 4,500 mg/m(2). Five @entity1 completed six cycles and one @entity1 remained on study for ten cycles. Two @entity1 discontinued for adverse events. Grade 3/4 @entity1398 and @entity882 occurred in seven @entity1 and five @entity1 , respectively. The CrCL fell below 60 mL/min in two @entity1 . There was one unconfirmed partial response and 10 of 19 (52.6%) @entity1 had stable disease or better at 8 weeks and three @entity1 had continuing stable disease at 24 weeks. Pharmacokinetic analyses suggest no interaction between @entity57088 and @entity136 . CONCLUSION: Phase I data indicate that full dose @entity57088 (4,500 mg/m(2)) can be given safely in combination with @entity136 . A Phase II study in @entity1 with @entity788 is ongoing.

title: A Phase 1 dose-escalation trial of @entity57088 in combination with @entity136 in solid XXXX including @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity57088 :: ('MESH:C092028', 'Chemical') :: ['glufosfamide']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: AIMS: A long-standing concern of clinicians in addiction treatment is that a large number of individuals who are admitted to treatment do not return to actually begin the program. We identified characteristics that predict treatment initiation. DESIGN: In- @entity1 structured interviews were conducted with consecutive admissions to a large outpatient program (N = 1204), and the health plan's automated registration data were used to determine treatment attendance. We compared those who returned to begin treatment with those who did not. SETTING: The study was conducted at the @entity734 program of a large group model health maintenance organization (HMO). @entity1 : Study subjects were individuals age 18 or over admitted to the program. MEASUREMENT: Study variables included DSM-IV @entity167 and @entity734 and abuse, Addiction Severity Index problem severity, motivation and treatment entry measures. FINDINGS: Those who were drug-dependent were less likely to begin treatment than those dependent only on @entity167 . Measures of motivation, such as work-place pressures and the @entity1 's perception of the importance of @entity167 treatment, predicted starting treatment for individuals who were @entity167 -dependent only or @entity167 - and drug-dependent. Among @entity1 who were dependent only on @entity167 , @entity1 were more likely than @entity1 to start treatment, and for those who were drug-dependent, being employed and having higher drug severity scores predicted starting treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Screening at intake may identify those at risk of not returning after admission to start treatment. Clinicians may consider making additional efforts during the intake process to engage individuals who are unemployed and have drug (as opposed to @entity167 ) disorders and less motivation.

title: Factors affecting the XXXX treatment in managed care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug dependence', 'Chemical Dependency']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['initiation of substance abuse']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate reasons for discontinuing intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy, and to compare characteristics of @entity1 who did versus did not successfully complete six cycles of IP chemotherapy. METHODS: In a phase III trial, @entity1 with @entity43 were randomly allocated to receive IP therapy ( @entity1311 135 mg/m(2) intravenously (IV) over 24 h, @entity900 100 mg/m(2) IP day 2, @entity1311 60 mg/m(2) IP day 8) every 21 days for six cycles. @entity1 unable to receive IP therapy were treated with the alternate (IV) regimen. Variables compared included surgical procedures prior to enrollment, timing of IP @entity1212 insertion, and primary and contributing reasons for discontinuing IP therapy. RESULTS: Among 205 eligible @entity1 randomly allocated to the IP arm, 119 (58%) did not complete six cycles of IP therapy. Forty (34%) @entity1 discontinued IP therapy primarily due to @entity1212 complications and 34 (29%) discontinued for unrelated reasons. Hysterectomy, appendectomy, small bowel resection, and ileocecal resection were not associated with failure to complete six cycles. IP therapy was not initiated in 16% of @entity1 who did versus 5% of those who did not have a left colon or rectosigmoid colon resection (P = 0.015). There was no association between timing of @entity1212 insertion and failure to complete IP therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In this multi-institutional setting, it was difficult to deliver six cycles of IP therapy without complications. There appears to be an association between rectosigmoid colon resection and the inability to initiate IP therapy. Catheter choice, timing of insertion, and how surgical @entity43 influences the successful completion of intraperitoneal chemotherapy require further study.

title: Intraperitoneal @entity1212 outcomes in a phase III trial of intravenous versus intraperitoneal chemotherapy in optimal XXXX : a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['optimal stage III ovarian or peritoneal carcinoma', 'treatment of ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['stage III ovarian and primary peritoneal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The presence of an inflammatory response resulting from bowel perforation or @entity834 has been suggested to enhance recurrence rates in @entity14 @entity1 . Currently, it is unknown if bowel perforation or @entity834 has prognostic significance in early stage @entity694 @entity1 . In this study, the impact of peri-operative bowel perforation including @entity834 on disease-free survival of stage I/II @entity694 @entity1 was investigated. METHODS: Prospective follow up data of 448 @entity1 with stages I/II @entity694 that underwent resection were included. @entity1 who died within 3 months after initial surgery were excluded. RESULTS: Median follow up was 56.0 months. @entity1 with peri-operative bowel perforation (n   =   25) had a higher recurrence rate compared to @entity1 without perforation (n   =   423), 36.0 % vs. 16.1 % (p   =   0.01). Disease-free survival was significantly worse for the perforation group compared to @entity1 without perforation (p   =   0.004). Multivariate analysis including T-stage, histological grade, and adjuvant chemotherapy showed peri-operative bowel perforation to be an independent factor significantly associated with disease recurrence (odds ratio, 2.7; 95 % CI, 1.1-6.7). CONCLUSION: @entity29 is associated with increased recurrence rates and impaired disease-free survival in early-stage @entity694 @entity1 .

title: @entity29 in early stage XXXX is associated with an adverse oncological outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Peri-operative bowel perforation']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: A study was conducted to test the effect of @entity21865 (CCC) on growth performance and the onset of laying in hens. One hundred and fifteen 3-week-old @entity1573 were divided into four treatment groups of 39, 33, 31 and 12 @entity1573 . They were placed on four dietary treatments consisting of 0 p.p.m. CCC (control), 5 p.p.m. CCC from 14 weeks of age (5 p.p.m. A), 5 p.p.m. CCC from the beginning (5 p.p.m. B), and 50 p.p.m. CCC from the beginning (50 p.p.m. B). The basal diets were formulated according to the growing period and were iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic. The crude protein content was 17.99% dry matter and 14.63% dry matter during the first 3-8 weeks and 9-20 weeks, respectively. The energy content was 12.7 and 12.75 MJ metabolisable energy (ME)/kg dry matter for the respective two growth phases. Feed intake, bodyweight changes and egg production were measured. Blood samples for @entity2931 determination were collected weekly from the 15th week until the first egg was laid. @entity308 effects of 50 p.p.m. CCC on @entity1017 during weeks 3-8 and feed efficiency over the whole period were observed. There were no treatment differences (p > 0.05) on feed intake, @entity1017 during weeks 9-20 and age at the point of lay. CCC inclusion at 50 p.p.m. significantly (p < 0.05) stimulated the @entity2931 concentration at 17 and 18 weeks of age, and was 65% higher than the control at 18 weeks.

title: The effect of @entity21865 (CCC) inclusion in the diets of growing hens on growth rate, XXXX levels and the onset of lay.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressive']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity21865 :: ('MESH:D002716', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorocholine chloride']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['bodyweight gain']

answer: @entity2931 :: (CHEBI:50114,Chemical) :: ['oestrogen']


abstract: The long-term outcome of 116 @entity1893 @entity1 (38 CB, 33 IB, 24 LB, 11 high-grade unclassified, 9 PTCL, 1 Ki-1 @entity706 - see list of abbreviations) treated with an age-adjusted @entity3726 regimen from 1980-85 was evaluated. The median age was 64 years. Of these @entity1 28% had significant comorbidity. CB @entity1 had the best outcome; the median survival was not reached after 110 months. However, the differences in survival of all histological entities are not significant (P = 0.08). Fifty-six percent of the @entity1 had clinical stages I-II. The CR rate of all 116 @entity1 was 47%. After a median follow-up of 58 months, 30% of the @entity1 are alive and disease-free. Of 14 relapses 11 occurred within 2 years. The median time period before relapse was 9 months. Salvage therapy failed, as none of the IB and LB @entity1 achieved CR. Five CB @entity1 had CR with second-line therapy, four had PR after induction therapy, one @entity1 relapsed after 30 months. Of the CR @entity1 15% developed second or third @entity5 . Only one instance of @entity3052 was observed. These results indicate that age-adjusted @entity3726 is a well-tolerated therapy.

title: Long-term follow-up of @entity3726 -treated @entity1893 of high-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloblastic leukemia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Use of brain stem reflexes in the assessment of orofacial function requires insight into the influence of demographic factors such as gender. The aim of this study was to characterize possible gender differences in the relation between quantitative measures of the masseteric exteroceptive suppression (ES) reflex response and @entity158 perception evoked by incrementally increasing electrical stimulation. METHODS: In 12 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 , the surface electromyogram was recorded from the left masseter muscle. Thirteen fixed stimulus intensities from 5 to 35 mA at 2.5 mA increments were applied to the skin above the left mental nerve. The stimulation intensity at which the late ES appeared first and the first intensity at which the subjects reported the stimulus intensity to be @entity158 were defined as the @entity5516 ( @entity5516 ) and @entity158 threshold (PT), respectively. Furthermore, data were analyzed using stimulus-response curves, and the reflex appearance levels (RAL), the saturation level, the slope from appearance to saturation of the reflex (SLP), and the @entity158 appearance level (PAL) were determined. RESULTS: The PT was equal to or higher than the @entity5516 in 9 of the 12 @entity1 , but only in 4 of the 12 @entity1 . Further, @entity1 had significantly lower PAL, RAL, and SLP (12.7 +/- 0.8, 12.9 +/- 1.4, and 3.0 +/- 0.9 mA, respectively) compared to @entity1 (20.3 +/- 1.6 mA, 16.7 +/- 1.1 T, and 4.1 +/- 0.4, respectively) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The present results document that @entity1 have a lower @entity5516 and @entity158 threshold to cutaneous electrical stimulation than @entity1 . SIGNIFICANCE: These findings suggest that gender differences may exist in the sensory-motor integration of primary afferent input from the orofacial region and that these differences should be considered in the design of future reflex studies.

title: Gender difference in masseteric exteroceptive suppression period and XXXX perception.

entities_list: @entity5516 :: ('MESH:D020195', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'reflex threshold']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It is now well accepted that @entity295 is associated with the development of a pronounced immunosuppressive state, characterized by severe immune alterations (e.g. reduced proliferative capacity, endotoxin tolerance, apoptosis) participating in increased mortality and susceptibility to @entity580 . Efforts are currently aimed at restoring a functional immune response in septic @entity1 . Successful therapy depends on the identification of appropriate immunostimulatory drugs and on the development of suitable biomarkers that could be used to stratify @entity1 and to follow response to treatment. METHODS: In this study, we evaluated the ex vivo effect of recombinant @entity379 (rIFN-y) in restoring monocyte functionality (endotoxin-induced @entity5 Necrosis Factor-a production) in a two-hit model of endotoxin tolerance (ET) with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers and in whole blood of @entity326 @entity1 . Importantly, we used quantitative-reverse transcription polymerase-chain reaction to monitor the effect of rIFN-y on the expression of seven genes known to participate in ET ( @entity310 , @entity688 , HLA-DRA, @entity4637 , @entity14003 , @entity33140 and @entity52035 ). RESULTS: Expression analysis of those genes confirmed the presence of an immunosuppression state and the ex vivo restoration of immune functions by rIFN-y. We show for the first time that rIFN-y is able to bypass, at the mRNA level, the effect of negative regulators of the @entity558 signalling pathway such as @entity14003 , @entity33140 and @entity52035 . CONCLUSIONS: Overall, mRNA expressions of a panel of genes could represent promising candidates for the ex vivo evaluation of rIFN-y effect on monocyte functionality. This ex vivo translational research study demonstrates the potential of a mRNA-based approach to successfully monitor drug efficacy.

title: mRNA-based approach to monitor recombinant gamma-interferon restoration of XXXX -induced endotoxin tolerance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon gamma']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

answer: @entity558 :: (MESH:C536528,Disease) :: ['LPS']


abstract: Most animal models use surgical thoracotomy with ligation of a coronary artery to induce @entity583 . Incision of the chest wall and myocardium affect remodeling after @entity583 . The aim of our study was to evaluate a new minimally invasive technique for inducing @entity583 in @entity1707 . To this end, coronary angiography using a 6-F cardiac catheter was performed in 20 @entity1707 . The cardiac catheter was advanced into the left circumflex artery (LCX) under electrocardiographic monitoring and small tungsten spirals were deployed in the vessel. LCX occlusion was verified by coronary angiography. Two days later, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to estimate the extent of @entity1188 . Thereafter, all animals were euthanized and the hearts stained with @entity5045 for histologic measurement of @entity1188 size. Tungsten spirals were successfully placed in the LCX in all 20 @entity1707 . About 13 of the 20 animals survived until the end of the experiment. The mean @entity1188 size in the area supplied by the LCX was 4.4 +/- 2.3 cm(3) at MRI and 4.3 +/- 2.2 cm(3) at histology (r = 0.99, P < 0.001). No other myocardial regions showed @entity1188 in any of the 13 @entity1707 . Five of nine @entity1707 requiring defibrillation due to @entity2224 died because defibrillation was unsuccessful. One animal each died from @entity2396 and @entity55 . Our results show that the minimally invasive method presented here enables reliable induction of @entity583 in a fairly straightforward manner. The 25% mortality rate associated with induction of @entity583 in our study is comparable to that reported by other investigators.

title: A minimally invasive method for induction of XXXX in an animal model using tungsten spirals.

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Inhibition of proliferative @entity8233 formed by vascular smooth muscle cells is a potential target in preventing angioplasty-induced @entity256 . We have created a potent antiproliferative by fusing the active regions of the p27 and p16 cell cycle inhibitors. Intravascular delivery of a replication-deficient adenoviral vector (AV) encoding this p27-p16 fusion protein, named W9, @entity130 -induced @entity1373 in @entity95 carotid arteries. In a therapeutically more relevant model, @entity4002 was delivered to balloon-injured porcine coronary arteries in vivo using an infusion catheter. Of the three coronary arteries, two were injured with a 15-mm balloon catheter and either were left untreated or were treated with 10(12) viral particles of either @entity4002 or a control null virus. @entity4002 treatment significantly inhibited @entity1373 in this porcine @entity1317 model compared with untreated or control virus-treated vessels. The average intimal area of the @entity4002 -treated group 10 days after @entity130 and treatment was 0.42+/-0.36 mm(2), whereas the AV-null group demonstrated an intimal area of 0.70+/-0.52 mm(2). At day 10 the average intimal thickness of the @entity4002 -treated vessels was 9.1 microm (n=5, x 20 magnification) compared with 21.2 microm (n=5, x 20 magnification) in control virus-treated vessels. This trend was also observed at 28 days after @entity130 and gene transfer during which @entity4002 -treated vessels demonstrated an average intimal thickness of 4.7 microm (n=8, x 20 magnification) compared with 13.3 microm (n=3, x 20 magnification) in control virus-treated vessels and 7.3 microm (n=5, x 20 magnification) in the sham-treated vessels. The @entity4002 treatment was safe and well tolerated. These data suggest that @entity4002 gene therapy may be useful in preventing angioplasty-induced intimal @entity1373 in the coronary artery.

title: p27-p16 fusion gene inhibits angioplasty-induced XXXX and coronary artery occlusion.

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['neointimal hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial balloon injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['inhibited balloon injury', 'balloon injury']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['neointimal hyperplasia']


abstract: The expression of @entity3778 in normal ependymal cells and @entity424 has been reported. However, only limited numbers of @entity5 have been studied, and the pattern of @entity3778 expression has not been described. The authors' purpose was to investigate @entity3778 immunoreactivity in @entity424 and its use for differential diagnosis. @entity424 were immunostained with antibody directed at @entity3778 . The result of immunostaining of @entity424 was compared with 63 @entity5 that histologically resemble @entity5 . The @entity5 included 19 @entity5 , 6 @entity5 , 8 @entity5683 , 2 @entity7824 , 5 @entity2946 , 10 @entity6196 ( @entity6196 ), and 13 @entity977 . All @entity424 showed strong expression of @entity3778 in membranous pattern with intracytoplasmic or @entity3603 ( @entity3603 ). The expression pattern of @entity3778 was not correlated with histologic type or grade of @entity424 . Among 63 @entity5 , 11 (17.5%) showed incomplete membrane staining for @entity3778 ; diffuse in 4 PNETs and focal in 5 @entity5683 (3 @entity189 ) and one each of @entity977 and @entity3271 . The @entity1479 was not found in @entity5 except a case of @entity2846 . However, membrane staining or @entity1479 for @entity3778 was not distinctive in @entity5 . In conclusion, the characteristic pattern of anti- @entity3778 antibody, i.e., diffuse strong membranous immunostaining with @entity3603 , is useful in distinguishing @entity424 from the @entity1221 that histologically mimic @entity424 .

title: XXXX immunoreactivity in @entity424 .

entities_list: @entity6196 :: ('MESH:D018242', 'Disease') :: ['primitive neuroectodermal tumors', 'PNET']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma', 'ependymomas', 'Twenty-five ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity5683 :: ('MESH:D016545', 'Disease') :: ['choroid plexus neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytic tumors', 'nonependymal tumors', 'oligodendroglial tumors', 'tumors', 'ependymal neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['papillomas and 2 carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3603 :: ('MESH:C562924', 'Disease') :: ['ICDs', 'intercellular dots']

entities_list: @entity7824 :: ('MESH:D018306', 'Disease') :: ['central neurocytomas']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2846 :: ('MESH:D020288', 'Disease') :: ['choroid plexus papilloma']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastomas']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity3778 :: (4267,Gene) :: ['CD99']


abstract: Preclinical experiments with @entity900 and @entity3003 showed radiosensitizing capability for these drugs against @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) cell lines and phase II clinical investigations were undertaken in @entity1 with stage IIIA/B @entity1149 . In the first trial, @entity900 20 mg/m2 was infused on the first day of every treatment week, followed in about 1 hour by radiotherapy. Radiotherapy was given in single daily 2-Gy doses 5 days a week for 3 weeks, and, after a 2-week interval, for an additional 2 weeks. There were 5 complete responses (CRs) and 15 partial responses (PRs), while 6 @entity1 had no change and 4 progressive disease, for a 67% overall response. Median survival was 14 months; the 2-year survival rate was 20%. To investigate the maximum tolerated dose of @entity3003 , escalating doses were given on day 1 of each treatment week; simultaneous radiotherapy was administered as in the @entity900 study. Drug doses began at 100 mg/m2 and were increased by increments of 10 or 20 mg/m2 to a maximum of 200 mg/m2, with 5 @entity1 treated at each dose level. Dose escalation was to stop when 3 of 5 @entity1 developed intolerable World Health Organization (WHO) grade 3 myelosuppression. No grade 3 or 4 @entity1431 occurred at @entity3003 doses less than or equal to 140 mg/m2. Grade 3 @entity1431 was seen in only 1 @entity1 from the groups receiving 150, 160, or 180 mg/m2. Of the 35 @entity1 evaluable thus far, 1 achieved CR and 18 PR, while 10 had no change and 6 progressive disease despite treatment, for a 54% overall response rate. Response rate in @entity1 with stage IIIB disease was 48%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Preclinical and clinical experience with XXXX and @entity3003 and simultaneous radiation in @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We report a case of follicular @entity19967 observed in an @entity43 without metastatic dissemination. CASE REPORT: @entity43 was discovered at ultrasound examination in a 31-year-old @entity1 complaining of low @entity490 . The @entity1 underwent laparoscopic exploration and a 4-cm cystic mass of the right ovary was removed. Microscopic examination showed a @entity19967 of the follicular type with vascular space invasion; other teratomous elements were identified. Immunohistochemical staining for thyroglobulin confirmed the nature of the @entity5 . The @entity1 was treated by complete right ovariectomy followed by total thyroidectomy and administration of radioactive @entity1496 (99 mCi I-131). Repeat I-131 body scan performed at 6 months was normal. DISCUSSION: @entity19967 is a rare @entity43 , consisting mainly of thyroid tissue. The incidence of @entity19967 is below 1% and fewer than two dozen cases with distant @entity3 have been reported. The major problem associated with @entity19967 has been the establishment of criteria for @entity5 .

title: [Struma XXXX . A case].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovary teratoma', 'A right ovarian tumor', 'type of ovarian teratoma']

entities_list: @entity19967 :: ('MESH:D013330', 'Disease') :: ['malignant struma ovarii', 'Struma ovarii', 'struma ovarii']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarii or malignant ovarian goiter']


abstract: Despite significant advances in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), biliary tract reconstruction is still a major source of complications. Choledochocholedochostomy with a T-tube used to be the standard procedure for biliary reconstruction after OLT. However, many centers currently avoid use of the T-tube because of the high incidence of complications. Our aim was to study the @entity253 occurring at our center when end-to-end choledochocholedochostomy (EE-CC) over a T-tube was used as the standard procedure for biliary reconstruction. A retrospective review was conducted of all @entity1 who underwent liver transplantation from February 1, 1996, to April 30, 2010. Only @entity1 requiring any therapy to treat @entity253 were considered, whereas those with concomitant hepatic artery complications were excluded. The study cohort consisted of 743 @entity1 who had EE-CC with a T-tube. Of these, 73 @entity1 (9.8%) experienced any @entity253 . @entity850 occurred in 17 @entity1 (2.3%), and non-anastomotic strictures in 2 (0.3%). Fifteen @entity1 with anastomotic strictures were successfully treated by dilatation and stenting. Bile leakage was diagnosed in 39 @entity1 (5.2%). Leakage occurred at the @entity254 in 15 @entity1 (2%), and at the exit site of the T-tube in 24 @entity1 (3.2%). Tube opening was the only treatment used in 30 @entity1 with @entity1157 (76.9%). Seven @entity1 experienced leaks after elective T-tube removal (1%). Overall, repeat surgery to manage @entity253 was needed in 9 @entity1 (1.2%). The mortality rate from @entity253 was 0.13%. In conclusion, EE-CC with a T-tube was followed by a low incidence of @entity253 . The complication rate after elective T-tube removal and the repeat surgery rate were extremely low. These results might challenge the current trend to avoid T-tube stenting in OLT.

title: XXXX in orthotopic liver transplantation using choledochocholedochostomy with a T-tube.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic strictures']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile leakage']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary complication', 'biliary complications']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['Biliary complications']


abstract: This study evaluated mature and immature @entity11728 ( @entity11728 ) isoform immunolocalisation in soleus muscle of @entity6 @entity35 with @entity1897 . @entity35 were assigned to one of three groups: control (C), @entity6 with insulin (DI), or @entity6 without insulin (DNI). Twelve weeks after @entity6 induction, soleus muscles were excised and quick-frozen. Cross-sections were labelled immunohistochemically for slow, fast, developmental and neonatal @entity11728 isoforms to determine fiber-type composition. Fiber cross-sectional areas were determined morphometrically. Results revealed that DNI and DI muscles contained greater percentages of myofibers positive for fast @entity11728 compared with controls. DNI animals also showed a lower percentage of myofibers positive for slow @entity11728 compared to the DI group. The number of fibers immunolabelled for developmental @entity11728 isoforms was greater in DNI animals than in the other groups. The differences in slow and fast @entity11728 -labelling appear to indicate a condition of altered neuromuscular activity affecting the @entity6 muscles. The increase in developmental @entity11728 -labelling in the DNI muscles could indicate myofiber regeneration or reinnervation that would be more pronounced in the DNI animals in context of their more severe @entity16 . Insulin appeared to influence muscle fiber cross-sectional area and possibly fiber-type grouping frequency; the potential mechanism for these effects was not elucidated.

title: Myosin heavy chain isoform immunolabelling in @entity6 @entity35 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity11728 :: ('MESH:D006362', 'Disease') :: ['myosin heavy chain', 'MHC']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['documented motor neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral neuropathy']


abstract: This is a study of trabecular bone changes in selected regions of the femoral head. Iliac crest bone from osteoarthritic (OA) and control groups is compared to the bone from regions in the femoral head. The regions are the subchondral principal compressive and tensile areas. These areas of highest and lowest stress undergo dramatic change with OA. The compressive region has total cartilage loss and eburnation. Bone histomorphometry was done on undecalcified tissue sections stained by the von Kossa @entity575 method and counter-stained with @entity6175 and @entity1711 . Iliac crest histomorphometry is similar for the OA and control groups. The femoral trabecular structure in the stress regions changes in opposing directions with OA. In the compressive region the structural variables (BV/TV and BS/TV) increase [corrected], and in the tensile region decrease. @entity79 indices (OV/TV, OS/BS, and ES/BS) are no different, but femoral bone structure is different from that of the iliac crest. In OA @entity1 there is no significant increase in iliac crest trabecular bone volume. The iliac crest is not useful to assess the bony changes in femoral OA.

title: Comparative study of iliac crest and XXXX in osteoarthritic @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Femoral bone turnover']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['subchondral femoral bone']


abstract: Degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a critical role in the formation of @entity5 and @entity3 and has been found to correlate with the @entity146 of @entity5 growth and @entity3 . @entity620 , which is known to be essential for the structural integrity of the intercellular matrix, is not produced by @entity1 and must be obtained from the diet. @entity5 @entity1 have been shown to have very low reserves of @entity620 . Our main objective was to determine the effect of @entity9050 supplementation on @entity3 , @entity5 growth and @entity5 immunohistochemistry in @entity19 unable to synthesize @entity620 [ @entity37270 oxidase (gulo) knockout (KO)] when challenged with B16FO @entity320 or 4T1 @entity0 cells. Gulo KO female @entity19 36-38 weeks of age were deprived of or maintained on @entity9050 in food and water for 4 weeks prior to and 2 weeks post intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 5x105 B16FO @entity19 @entity320 cells or to injection of 5x105 4T1 @entity0 cells into the mammary pad of @entity19 . @entity9050 -supplemented gulo  KO @entity19 injected with B16FO @entity320 cells demonstrated significant reduction (by 71%, p=0.005) in @entity5 @entity3 compared to gulo  KO @entity19 on the control diet. The mean @entity5 weight in @entity9050 supplemented @entity19 injected with 4T1  cells was reduced by 28% compared to @entity5 weight in scorbutic @entity19 . @entity5 demonstrated large dark cores, associated with increased @entity39 areas and breaches to the @entity5 surface, apoptosis and @entity1235 ( @entity1235 ), and weak, disorganized or missing collagen  I @entity5 capsule. In contrast, the @entity9050 -supplemented group @entity5 had smaller fainter colored cores and confined areas of @entity39 /apoptosis with no breaches from the core to the outside of the @entity5 and a robust collagen  I @entity5 capsule. In both studies, @entity9050 supplementation of gulo  KO @entity19 resulted in profoundly decreased serum inflammatory cytokine @entity777 (99%  decrease, p=0.01 in the B16F0 study and 85% decrease, p=0.08 in the 4T1 study) compared to the levels in gulo  KO @entity19 deprived of @entity9050 . In the B16FO study, @entity9050 supplementation of gulo  KO @entity19 resulted in profoundly decreased serum @entity1611 (98% decrease, p=0.019 than in the scorbutic gulo  KO @entity19 ). As expected, mean serum @entity9050 level in @entity9050 -restricted @entity19 was 2% (p<0.001) of the mean @entity9050 levels in supplemented @entity19 . In conclusion, @entity9050 supplementation hinders @entity3 , @entity5 growth and inflammatory cytokine secretion as well as enhanced encapsulation of @entity5 elicited by @entity320 and @entity0 cell challenge in gulo  KO @entity19 .

title: @entity9050 supplementation inhibits growth and XXXX of B16FO @entity320 and 4T1 @entity0 cells in @entity620 -deficient @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity37270 :: ('MESH:C007895', 'Chemical') :: ['gulonolactone']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Scorbutic tumors', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['Ascorbic acid', 'ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'necrotic']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'invasiveness of cancer']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['Ascorbate', 'ascorbate']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Disease prevention may be considered at three levels: primary (avoiding disease occurrence), secondary (early detection and reversal), and tertiary (prevention or delay of complications). Physical exercise could potentially contribute to all of these. Metabolic studies suggest the major effect of exercise is at the level of @entity2690 sensitivity/resistance. Therefore, it may have the greatest benefit in primary prevention and in the early stages of the disease. Studies of migrants and of active and inactive professions support this notion. There is also provisional support for the benefit of exercise on metabolic control and prevention or delay of chronic complications in non- @entity2690 -dependent (type II) @entity6 @entity1 . In designing a trial of exercise, aspects such as single/multifactorial intervention, the age range of subjects, and choice of outcome measures must be considered. The most widely used methodological tool in assessing physical activity levels in population studies is the activity questionnaire, which is nonreactive, practical, applicable, and accurate relative to other methods. A positive approach to exercise training for both the @entity1 with @entity2175 and the general community appears to be warranted. However, trials examining the efficacy of activity intervention, with independent evaluation of both short- and long-term outcomes, are still needed.

title: Prevention of XXXX by physical training. Epidemiological considerations and study methods.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['type II diabetes']


abstract: In order to investigate the efficacy of @entity4260 (i.p.) on the prevention of @entity174 and the effect on @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in @entity1 with @entity170 , a large multicentric European study was designed and is presently ongoing. Included in the study were 460 Caucasian, nonobese postmenopausal @entity1 aged > 45 and < 75 years, menopaused for at least 12 months. Inclusion was on the basis of a lumbar @entity79 ( @entity79 ) lower than 2 SD compared with healthy @entity1 aged 50 years, corresponding to values below 0.860 g/cm2 (antero-posterior measurement) by Hologic QDR 1000. @entity1 with prevalent @entity174 were excluded as well as those presenting secondary @entity170 or having been treated with medications that could affect bone metabolism. This study was designed as a 3-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study that randomized the @entity1 to the oral administration of either 3 x 200 mg/day of i.p. or placebo. All @entity1 received a daily supplement of 500 mg @entity460 . The primary purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of i.p. in preventing @entity174 . @entity174 is defined here as a > or = 20% decrease in any anterior, central, or posterior T4-L4 vertebral height. Blinded vertebral X-ray readings and vertebral morphometry have been centralized in an independent Center, with standardized evaluation of two experts. Power calculations have been based on the hypothesis that 21% of placebo-treated @entity1 would @entity174 within 3 years and that treatment with i.p. would lead to a 50% reduction in the incidence of @entity174 . Statistical tests have been designed to have a power of 80%, with a type I error equal to 5%. Secondary endpoints were changes in vertebral, radial, and femoral @entity79 . Centralized controls on 100% @entity79 scans would ensure the good quality of @entity79 readings. This study should verify the hypothesis that i.p. significantly decreases the risk of @entity174 in postmenopausal, @entity3604 @entity1 .

title: Design for an XXXX multicenter European @entity174 study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fractures', 'Fracture', 'vertebral fracture', 'fracture', 'vertebral nontraumatic fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4260 :: ('MESH:C018986', 'Chemical') :: ['ipriflavone']

answer: @entity4260 :: (MESH:C018986,Chemical) :: ['ipriflavone']


abstract: Cardioinhibitory @entity56 is present in about one third of @entity1 affected by @entity1817 . Aim of the study was to evaluate whether @entity56 is related to a well defined (intrinsic or extrinsic) sinus node damage. Fifty-four @entity1 with ecg signs of @entity1817 underwent an electrophysiological study and carotid sinus massage. Spontaneous heart rate and corrected sinus node recovery time were measured in basal condition, after adrenergic blockade ( @entity1169 0.2 mg/Kg i.v.) and after autonomic blockade ( @entity1169 0.2 mg/Kg i.v. plus @entity3897 0.04 mg/Kg i.v.). The association between @entity50 was found in 18/54 pt. (16 @entity1 , 2 @entity1 ; mean age +/- 1 SD 63.6 +/- 14.5 years). The remaining 36 @entity1 (19 @entity1 , 17 @entity1 ; mean age +/- 1 SD 65.8 +/- 9.8 years), affected by @entity1817 alone, were used as controls. No electrophysiological differences between the two groups were found; particularly, an abnormal intrinsic heart rate (according to Jose values) or an abnormal intrinsic corrected sinus node recovery time (greater than 385 msec.) were present in 83% of the @entity1 in both groups. Among @entity1817 clinical features, heart rate, presence of spontaneous @entity16507 and @entity299 were similar in the two groups while the percentage of @entity1 with spontaneous atrial tachyarrhythmias (bradi-tachy syndrome) was significantly smaller (11% vs 44%; p less than 0.01) in @entity56 group. In conclusion, in @entity1817 @entity1 , the presence of @entity56 cannot be used as a criterion to differentiate a subgroup with peculiar clinical and electrophysiological sinus node characteristics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Cardioinhibitory XXXX in subjects with symptomatic @entity1817 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sinus dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['carotid sinus hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity16507 :: ('MESH:D054138', 'Disease') :: ['syncope, sino-atrial block or sinus arrest']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['organic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['sinus dysfunction and cardioinhibitory carotid sinus hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['carotid sinus hypersensitivity']


abstract: Effects of @entity523 juice supplementation on the carotenoid concentration in lipoprotein fractions and the oxidative susceptibility of LDL were investigated in 31 healthy Japanese female students. These subjects were randomized to one of three treatment groups; Control, Low and High. The Control, Low and High groups consumed 480 g of a control drink, 160 g of @entity523 juice plus 320 g of the control drink, and 480 g of @entity523 juice, providing 0, 15 and 45 mg of @entity14319 , respectively, for one menstrual cycle. The ingestion of @entity523 juice, rich in @entity14319 but having little @entity2066 , increased both @entity14319 and @entity2066 . Sixty-nine percent of @entity14319 in plasma was distributed in the LDL fraction and 24% in the HDL fraction. In the Low group, the @entity14319 concentration increased 160% each in the VLDL+IDL, LDL and HDL fractions (p<0.01). In the High group, the @entity14319 concentration increased 270% each in the VLDL+IDL and LDL fractions, and 330% in the HDL fraction (p<0.01). @entity2066 also increased 120% and 180% in LDL fractions of the Low and the High groups, respectively. Despite these carotenoid increases in LDL, the lag time before oxidation was not prolonged as compared with that of the Control group. The propagation rate decreased significantly after consumption in the High group. Multiple regression analysis showed a positive correlation between lag time changes and changes in the @entity1881 concentration per @entity412 in LDL, and a negative correlation between propagation rate changes and changes in the @entity14319 concentration per phospholipid in LDL. These data suggest that @entity1881 is a major determinant in protecting LDL from oxidation, while @entity14319 from @entity523 juice supplementaion may contribute to protect phospholipid in LDI, from oxidation. Thus, oral intake of @entity14319 might be beneficial for ameliorating @entity731 .

title: Effects of XXXX juice consumption on plasma and lipoprotein carotenoid concentrations and the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidative modification.

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['Beta-carotene', 'beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity523 :: (4081,Species) :: ['tomato']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ischemic postconditioning (IPost) protects the reperfused heart from @entity1188 which has drawn much attention recently. However, studies to date have rarely investigated the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in IPost. The aims of this study were to investigate whether @entity766 is involved in the protective effect of IPost against @entity741 -reperfusion (I/R) injury and disclose the potential molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS AND RESULTS: We found that @entity766 was remarkably up-regulated in @entity19 hearts after IPost. To determine the protective role of IPost-induced @entity766 up-regulation, the @entity19 were divided into the following four groups: I/R group; I/R+IPost group (I/R @entity19 treated with IPost); Antagomir-21+IPost+I/R group (I/R @entity19 treated with anagomir-21 and IPost); Scramble+IPost+I/R group (I/R @entity19 treated with scramble and IPost). The results showed IPost could reduce I/R injury-induced @entity1188 size of the left ventricle, improve cardiac function, and prevent @entity296 , while knockdown of @entity766 with antagomir-21 could reverse these protective effects of IPost against @entity19 I/R injury. Furthermore, we confirmed that @entity766 plays a protective role in @entity296 through @entity2370 / @entity1994 signaling pathway, which was abrogated by the PI3K inhibitor @entity2306 . The protective effect of @entity766 on @entity296 was further revealed in @entity19 hearts after IPost treatment in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Our data clearly demonstrate that @entity766 is involved in IPost-mediated cardiac protection against I/R injury and dysfunction through the @entity2370 / @entity1994 signaling pathway in vivo. Identifying the beneficial roles of IPost-regulated miRNAs in cardiac protection, which may be a rational target selection for ischemic cardioprotection.

title: Ischemic postconditioning-mediated miRNA-21 protects against cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury via @entity2370 / XXXX pathway.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial apoptosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity1994 :: (11651(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Akt']


abstract: We investigated how in vivo effects of single hematopoietic cytokines change if given in combination for a prolonged time. @entity19 were treated with every combination of recombinant @entity1 (rh) @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ), rh @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ), recombinant @entity35 (rr) @entity7418 ( @entity7418 ), and rh interleukin (IL)-11 by continuous infusion over 7 days (full factorial design with three dose levels for each cytokine). Burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E), colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E), and colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) were determined in bone marrow and spleen, reticulocytes, hematocrit, granulocytes, and thrombocytes in the peripheral blood. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparison of means was used to evaluate the data. For several cell types, cytokine effects superimposed in an additive way if combined. However, in a large number of circumstances, nonadditive pairwise interactions were found. They differed in type and magnitude involving high-dose saturation, high-dose antagonistic effects, and even effect reversals (qualitative interactions). Hence, in general, it was not possible to foresee the combination effects on the basis of existing knowledge of single effects. On the other hand, the cytokine network was robust and no system hazards were observed under multiple cytokine combinations. The results illustrate that the cytokine network has nonlinear dynamic properties in vivo with dose-response characteristics of one cytokine being continuously modified by other cytokines.

title: Interactions of erythropoietin, @entity1261 , XXXX , and interleukin-11 on @entity19 hematopoiesis during simultaneous administration.

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'EPO']

answer: @entity7418 :: (60427(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['stem cell factor']


abstract: We investigated endogenous levels of a novel peptide, @entity19381 ( @entity19381 ), in the @entity35 central nervous system. The amount of @entity19381 was measured by means of highly specific and sensitive sandwich-enzyme immunoassay. This assay system following HPLC analysis revealed that @entity11697 was a major portion of the total @entity19381 immunoreactivity and @entity11697 levels were negligibly low in the brain. Therefore, we measured the amount of @entity11697 in 62 regions punched out from frozen tissue sections. High amounts of @entity11697 were found in the lateral septal nucleus (intermediate part), diagonal band, central amygdaloid nucleus, several parts of the @entity2339 (suprachiasmatic, supraoptic, periventricular and arcuate nuclei), central gray, interpeduncular nucleus and dorsal raphe. The suprachiasmatic, paraventricular and periventricular hypothalamic nuclei showed the highest levels. A moderate amount of the peptide was observed in the lateral septal nucleus (dorsal part), medial septal nucleus, medial amygdaloid nucleus, thalamus (paraventricular, paratenial, central medial, ventromedial, reuniens and @entity6415 ), @entity2339 (lateral hypothalamic area and mammillary body), ventral tegmental area, interfascicular nucleus and in the locus coeruleus. Such a distribution of endogenous @entity11697 did not parallel the localization of @entity19381 binding sites which we had demonstrated recently. Moreover, the topographical distribution of @entity11697 observed in the present study differed from that of @entity12180 which had been previously reported. The present results suggest that @entity11697 may have a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator role which is different from that of @entity12180 in the central nervous system.

title: Regional distribution of @entity19381 ( XXXX ) in the @entity35 central nervous system as determined by sandwich-enzyme immunoassay.

entities_list: @entity6415 :: ('MESH:C566014', 'Disease') :: ['rhomboid nuclei']

entities_list: @entity19381 :: ('24166(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide', 'PACAP']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

answer: @entity19381 :: (24166(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['PACAP']


abstract: AIM: To establish the histological and immunohistochemical parameters that are helpful in recognising @entity226 in @entity1 who have been treated with @entity230 before biopsy, and to analyse the clinical features and correlate them with the histological findings. METHODS: A retrospective review of charts of 35 @entity1 treated with @entity230 before obtaining temporal artery biopsy specimens, spanning a 11-year period from 1995 to 2005. The study was conducted at the Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, Cullen Eye Institute, Houston, Texas, USA. The clinical features were evaluated and correlated with the histopathological findings. Each case was evaluated with respect to age, sex, race, clinical findings, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, @entity228 dosage (oral versus intravenous) and the duration of treatment. The time interval between obtaining the biopsy specimen and the onset of @entity134 treatment was carefully recorded for each @entity1 . In selected cases, histiocytic markers ( @entity469 and HAM-56) were used to identify the presence of epithelioid histiocytes, which characterises a @entity32 . Other immunohistochemical studies (CD3, @entity2225 , @entity404 , @entity405 , CD45RO, @entity1195 RA and @entity2281 protein) were performed in selected cases to characterise the inflammatory cells. RESULTS: The three most reliable histopathological parameters of @entity228 -treated @entity226 are the following: (1) complete or incomplete mantle of lymphocytes and epithelioid histiocytes located between the outer muscular layer and the adventitia; (2) large circumferential defects in the elastic lamina (best seen with the Movat's pentachrome); and (3) absent or few small multinucleated giant cells. In some cases the main artery appears normal, whereas the primary branches show evidence of a healing @entity3468 . The histological findings vary according to the duration of treatment before obtaining the biopsy specimen. CONCLUSION: Striking histological differences can be recognised objectively between @entity1 with active (untreated) @entity226 and @entity1 who have been treated with @entity288 . The earliest histopathological changes were detected by the end of the first week after @entity134 treatment (usually after day 4 to the end of the first week). The histological findings were more difficult to recognise at 2-3 months after @entity134 treatment. Ophthalmic and general pathologists should be able to recognise this entity on the basis of the histological findings including the special stains and results of immunohistochemical studies ( @entity469 and HAM-56).

title: Histological parameters helpful in recognising @entity134 -treated XXXX : an analysis of 35 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell arteritis', 'temporal arteritis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['arteritis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity226 :: (MESH:D013700,Disease) :: ['temporal arteritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the individual effects of @entity5018 , @entity3522 , @entity1623 , and @entity5230 on pregnancy outcome. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Norwegian population. POPULATION: A total of 90 417 @entity1 and singleton @entity1 pairs. METHODS: The Norwegian Mother and @entity1 Cohort Study and Medical Birth Registry of Norway data sets were used. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 survival, @entity600 , structural @entity299 , neonatal complications, @entity548 during pregnancy and postpartum, @entity565 at age of 18 months. RESULTS: One or more of the four nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were used by 6511 pregnant @entity1 (7.2%). No effect on rates of @entity1 survival, @entity600 , or structural @entity299 was found. The use of @entity5018 in the second trimester was significantly associated with low birthweight (adjusted OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.3), and @entity5018 use in the second and third trimesters was significantly associated with @entity565 in 18-month-old @entity1 (adjusted OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2-1.9; adjusted OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.1). The use of @entity3522 in the second trimester was significantly associated with low birthweight (adjusted OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.1-9.0), whereas @entity3522 use in the third trimester was significantly associated with maternal @entity3556 (adjusted @entity20786 , 95% CI 1.1-3.0). No associations with other neonatal complications were found. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of associations with @entity600 is reassuring. The significant association between @entity3522 and @entity5018 use late in pregnancy, and maternal @entity548 and @entity565 in the @entity1 , respectively, is consistent with their pharmacological effects. The increased risk of low birthweight may partly have been caused by underlying inflammatory conditions, and was reassuringly similar to the expected baseline risk of low birthweight.

title: Effects of @entity5018 , @entity3522 , @entity1623 , and XXXX on the course of pregnancy and pregnancy outcome: a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'women', 'children', 'Infant', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity5230 :: ('MESH:D010894', 'Chemical') :: ['piroxicam']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformation', 'congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart defects']

answer: @entity5230 :: (MESH:D010894,Chemical) :: ['piroxicam']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3136 is a major complication of cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy associated with significant morbidity, @entity158 , odynophagia, @entity2342 and subsequent @entity2700 and @entity3147 , and effective prophylaxis and/or treatment of this condition is essential. The currently available palliative treatment shows improvement only in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity33 . The primary aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of @entity53137 ( @entity53137 ), a concentrated oral polyherbal gel wafer formulation, with placebo in the management of chemoradiation-induced @entity33 in @entity5 @entity1 . @entity1 AND DESIGN: In this randomised, double-blind, pilot study a total of 30 @entity1 of either sex with chemoradiation-induced @entity3136 were randomised to receive @entity53137 (n = 15) or a matching placebo (n = 15) after food three times a day for 7-10 days. @entity1 were evaluated using validated and standardised scoring systems at baseline and after 7-10 days of treatment. RESULTS: There were 11 evaluable @entity1 in each treatment group. There was a significant @entity33 scores with @entity53137 as follows: WHO (from 3.0 to 1.8), Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (gross score: from 2.8 to 1.8; functional score: from 2.9 to 1.0), and Objective Scoring System (ulceration score: from 7.4 to 4.4; erythema score: from 13.7 to 7.0). There were no significant changes in scores for placebo recipients. The treatments were well tolerated, with the exception of two @entity1 in the treatment group who reported a burning sensation in the mouth after dissolving the wafer. CONCLUSION: This pilot study provided positive evidence for the efficacy of @entity53137 therapy in chemoradiation-induced @entity33 . This was probably a result of its local analgesic, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity and wound-healing properties. Further in-depth analysis in a larger number of @entity1 is required to confirm these positive results.

title: A randomised, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of @entity53137 ( XXXX ), a concentrated oral gel wafer, in the treatment of @entity3136 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis', 'Oral mucositis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in mean mucositis', 'mucositis']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity2342 :: ('MESH:D004408', 'Disease') :: ['dysgeusia']

answer: @entity53137 :: (MESH:C507310,Chemical) :: ['Mucotrol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Posttransplant renal replacement therapy has been shown to be an independently significant risk factor for invasive @entity364 after liver transplantation. We assessed the efficacy of a lipid preparation of @entity2379 as prophylaxis for invasive @entity364 , directed toward liver transplant recipients requiring renal replacement therapy. METHODS: A total of 148 @entity1 transplanted between 1990 and 1997 received no antifungal prophylaxis. Since 1997, 38 @entity1 underwent liver transplantation; antifungal prophylaxis with a lipid preparation of @entity2379 was used in @entity1 requiring renal replacement therapy. RESULTS: Fifteen percent (22 of 148) of the @entity1 transplanted before 1997 required renal replacement therapy. In this cohort, the incidence of invasive @entity364 (36% vs. 7%, P=0.0007) and @entity3 (14% vs. 2%, P=0.02) was significantly higher in @entity1 who required renal replacement therapy compared with those who did not. Since 1997, 29% (11 of 38) of the @entity1 required renal replacement therapy and received antifungal prophylaxis. Invasive @entity364 occurred in 36% (8 of 22) of the @entity1 who received no prophylaxis ( @entity1 before 1997), and 0% (0 of 11, P=0.03) in those who received antifungal prophylaxis (since 1997). Antifungal prophylaxis was independently associated with protection from @entity364 (P=0.017). No reduction in mortality with antifungal prophylaxis was documented. CONCLUSION: Prophylaxis with a lipid preparation of @entity2379 was associated with a significant @entity364 in high-risk liver transplant recipients, i.e., those requiring renal replacement therapy. However, no beneficial effect on survival could be documented.

title: Preemptive prophylaxis with a lipid preparation of XXXX for invasive @entity364 in liver transplant recipients requiring renal replacement therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections', 'reduction in invasive fungal infections', 'fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

answer: @entity2379 :: (MESH:D000666,Chemical) :: ['amphotericin B']