abstract: Increasing evidence supports a role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Previously, we identified a neuron-glia signaling pathway whereby Ab acts as an upstream activator of astroglial nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), leading to the release of complement C3, which acts on the neuronal @entity9071 ( @entity9071 ) to influence dendritic morphology and cognitive function. Here we report that astrocytic complement activation also regulates Ab dynamics in vitro and amyloid pathology in @entity195 @entity19 models through microglial @entity9071 . We show that in primary microglial cultures, acute C3 or C3a activation promotes, whereas chronic C3/C3a treatment attenuates, microglial phagocytosis and that the effect of chronic C3 exposure can be blocked by cotreatment with a @entity9071 antagonist and by genetic deletion of @entity9071 . We further demonstrate that Ab pathology and neuroinflammation in amyloid precursor protein (APP) @entity19 are worsened by astroglial NF-kB hyperactivation and resulting C3 elevation, whereas treatment with the @entity9071 antagonist (C3aRA) ameliorates plaque load and microgliosis. Our studies define a complement-dependent intercellular cross talk in which neuronal overproduction of Ab activates astroglial NF-kB to elicit extracellular release of C3. This promotes a pathogenic cycle by which C3 in turn interacts with neuronal and microglial @entity9071 to alter cognitive function and impair Ab phagocytosis. This feedforward loop can be effectively blocked by @entity9071 inhibition, supporting the therapeutic potential of @entity9071 antagonists under chronic neuroinflammation conditions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The complement pathway is activated in @entity195 . Here we show that the central complement factor C3 secreted from astrocytes interacts with microglial @entity9071 ( @entity9071 ) to mediate b-amyloid pathology and neuroinflammation in @entity195 @entity19 models. Our study provides support for targeting @entity9071 as a potential therapy for @entity195 .

title: Astrocyte-Microglia Cross Talk through Complement Activation Modulates Amyloid Pathology in @entity19 Models of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's Disease']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity4614 have the feature of @entity209 , including @entity1144 , insulin resistance, and @entity2299 . Because @entity209 , including insulin resistance, is the main pathogenesis of the development of @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ), we considered that @entity1 diagnosed with @entity4614 have an increased risk of developing @entity1561 . We compared control subjects and hypopituitary @entity1 in metabolic parameters and the frequency of @entity1560 on abdominal ultrasonography, and analyzed associating factors with the severity of the @entity1560 in @entity1 with @entity4614 . 34 male @entity1 with @entity4614 and 40 age and sex-matched control subjects were included. The frequency of @entity1560 on abdominal ultrasonography was significantly higher in hypopituitary @entity1 compared to control subjects (32.5% vs. 70.6%, p=0.001). Ln CRP and free @entity1718 were significantly elevated in hypopituitary @entity1 with @entity1560 compared to @entity1 without @entity1560 . Ln GH was significantly lower in hypopituitary @entity1 with @entity1560 . The severity of @entity1560 on abdominal ultrasonography correlated with negatively Ln GH, after adjusting for the BMI effect (p=0.020). There is a difference only between the severe @entity1560 group and normal liver group in the analysis of the mean Ln GH level between 4 groups according to the severity of @entity1560 (p=0.036). In conclusion, @entity1561 is more common in hypopituitary @entity1 than control subject. Severe @entity2338 in @entity4614 was associated with the severe degree of @entity1560 in @entity1561 .

title: Metabolic parameters and XXXX in hypopituitary @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['growth hormone deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis', 'fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']


abstract: A case of @entity1211 with @entity438 is reported, which was associated with the @entity4904 on the cortex of the @entity75 . A 62-year-old female was admitted to the Kurume University Hospital on June 21, 1985, because of a convulsive @entity410 . On admission, neurological and general examinations, except for slightly liver function disorder, was no abnormality. Plain CT scan showed the cortical @entity194 and two small high-density areas in the @entity75 . Enhanced CT scan showed a high-density area in the genu of the corpus callosum. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), on T2 weighted image, showed a high signal intensity area in the right paraventricular deep white matter and the right frontal region. A right internal carotid angiogram in the venous phase showed numerous enlarged medullary veins in the deep frontal region, converging into a single large draining vein that empties into the basal vein of Rosenthal. An azygos anterior cerebral artery was visualized on the right and left carotid angiograms. The @entity439 was situated at the distal end of the azygos artery. Twenty eight days after admission, a right frontal cranioplastic craniotomy was performed. During operation, the surface of the @entity75 was covered by fine, vascular networks, which was reddish brown. A right frontal lobectomy, including @entity1211 and vascular networks, was performed. The @entity439 was clipped via an interhemispheric approach. Histologically, the @entity600 vessels had spread into the subarachnoid space.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Medullary @entity1211 with XXXX : a case report].

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['right frontal lobe']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity4904 :: ('MESH:D000798', 'Disease') :: ['leptomenigeal angiomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous malformation', 'medullary venous malformation']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['azygos anterior cerebral artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['azygos anterior cerebral artery aneurysm']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the usefulness of magnified observations of @entity1496 -unstained esophageal lesions in the histological diagnosis of @entity1208 , in high-risk @entity418 groups. METHODS: The subjects included 38 @entity1 who had at least one of the four criteria known to be high-risk factors for @entity418 . Following endoscopic observation, magnified observations were performed on @entity1496 -unstained lesions of the esophagus. The total number of lesions was 43. These lesions were classified as @entity1129 ( @entity16488 ), type B (fused papilla), and type C ( @entity1829 ) according to the findings. Tissue biopsy was then carried out. Finally the histological findings were graded in terms of histological factors, and their relationships were compared. RESULTS: Of the 43 lesions, 11 were @entity1129 , 17 were type B, and 15 were type C under magnifying endoscopy. Histological findings such as @entity32 and @entity1491 were significantly increased in type B and type C lesions compared with @entity1129 lesions (P < 0.05). Low-grade @entity2910 was apparent in 1 (9%) of 11 @entity1129 lesions, in 3 (18%) of 17 type B lesions, and in 6 (40%) of 15 type C lesions, with the highest rate in type C. CONCLUSION: Magnified observations of the esophagus, classified by papillary aspects using magnifying endoscopy of @entity1496 -unstained lesions in high-risk @entity418 groups, are considered useful in estimating @entity1141 and @entity32 of esophageal mucosa.

title: Usefulness of magnifying endoscopy for @entity1496 -unstained lesions in a high-risk XXXX population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16488 :: ('MESH:D018262', 'Disease') :: ['clear papilla']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'inflammatory cell infiltration']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal mucosa abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['non-visible papilla']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell hyperplasia']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the in vivo confocal microscopy (CM) findings of a @entity1 with combined pre-Descemet membrane @entity3985 and @entity13189 . METHODS: A 38-year-old @entity1 with pre-Descemet membrane @entity3985 and @entity13189 was studied. Routine ophthalmic examination, standard slit-lamp biomicroscopy, pachymetry, and in vivo CM analysis of the morphology of the corneal epithelium, subbasal nerves, stroma, and endothelium were performed. RESULTS: Biomicroscopy revealed bilateral corneal guttae with central @entity3279 , beaten metal appearance, and pigment dusting of the endothelium. Numerous tiny @entity231 located in the deep stroma immediately anterior to Descemet membrane were evidenced in both eyes. In vivo CM showed numerous pleomorphic and highly reflective small particles in the cytoplasm of keratocytes in the deep stroma adjacent to the corneal endothelial layer. No abnormalities could be detected in the epithelial layer and in the midstromal layer. In the endothelial layer, there were multifocal hyporeflective areas with occasional central highlight among hyperreflective endothelial cells. The ultrasonic pachymetry showed corneal thicknesses of 652 and 628  m in the right eye and in the left eye, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In vivo CM is a powerful tool in the study of rare @entity22911 progressive @entity2687 where there is a limited availability of corneal tissue for examination and when the final diagnosis is difficult to obtain with conventional methods.

title: In vivo confocal microscopy of combined pre-descemet membrane @entity3985 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic opacities']

entities_list: @entity3985 :: ('MESH:D003317', 'Disease') :: ['corneal dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity22911 :: ('MESH:C535472', 'Disease') :: ['corneal dystrophies and degenerations and nonprogressive or slowly']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal disorders']

entities_list: @entity13189 :: ('MESH:D005642', 'Disease') :: ['Fuchs endothelial dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

answer: @entity13189 :: (MESH:D005642,Disease) :: ['fuchs endothelial dystrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies suggest that increases of fine particle concentrations (PM2.5) could be linked with a rise in @entity65 . With approximately 25% of American adults aged 30 and older reporting having either @entity299 or @entity101 it is possible that exposure to air pollution could have significant public health consequences. This study examined the relationship between PM2.5 and the prevalence of self-reported @entity101 and @entity299 using data from a large nation-wide survey. STUDY DESIGN: Adults, 30 years of age or older, who participated in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) from 1999 to 2005 were linked to annual PM2.5 data from the US Environmental Protection Agency (N = 132,224). Annual air quality estimates were averaged from monitors within 20 miles of the respondent's residential block group. Respondents who reported being told they had @entity101 by a health professional on two or more separate occasions were defined as @entity101 . @entity299 was defined as answering, "yes" to one or more of three NHIS questions on @entity299 . RESULTS: A 10 microg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure was associated with a small elevated risk of @entity101 (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.10) risk of @entity299 (1.08 95% CI 1.00-1.16). The association between PM2.5 and @entity101 was found in non-Hispanic white adults (OR 1.10 95% CI 1.04-1.17) but not in @entity7864 or Hispanic adults. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study complement those from other studies and indicate that PM2.5 adversely affects @entity65 . Our results are consistent with other studies in showing a small association between exposure to PM2.5 and cardiovascular outcomes.

title: Air pollution exposure and self-reported XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity7864 :: ('MESH:D055008', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hispanic black']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular health', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease', 'Heart disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There is very little information known about @entity418 in Indigenous @entity1 . In this retrospective study, we investigated the epidemiological and clinical features of Indigenous Australians with @entity418 . METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out on Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians diagnosed with @entity418 at Cairns Base Hospital during the period 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2006. Information was obtained from hospital medical records, Queensland Cancer Registry survival data and Queensland Health Pathology Services laboratory results. RESULTS: Thirteen Indigenous and 53 non-Indigenous @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity418 . @entity957 accounted for a significantly higher proportion of @entity418 among Indigenous (11/13) than non-Indigenous @entity1 (24/53) (P = 0.0135). Among @entity1 with @entity1544 , Indigenous @entity1 were more likely than non-Indigenous @entity1 to present with @entity3 (P = 0.0271) at a younger mean age (50.7 years vs 67.2 years; P = 0.0002). There was no significant difference between Indigenous and non-Indigenous @entity1 concerning their mean survival time from date of biopsy (P = 0.7834) and whether @entity1 had ever smoked (P = 0.0721) or consumed @entity167 (P = 0.2849). CONCLUSION: There is a high incidence of @entity418 in the Indigenous population in Far North Queensland. Indigenous @entity1 tend to present at a younger age and with @entity3 .

title: XXXX in Indigenous Australians in Far North Queensland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['squamous esophageal cancer', 'esophageal cancer', 'esophageal cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['Esophageal cancer']


abstract: @entity8302 ( @entity8302 ) are distributed throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and have important functions in the control of @entity344 . Loss of @entity8302 is associated with several @entity344 ; yet, the mechanisms modulating @entity8302 survival and proliferation are not fully understood. @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ) has been reported to be a gaseous transmitter that regulates cellular proliferation. This study aims to establish whether @entity3958 participates in regulation of @entity8302 proliferation. The effect of @entity3958 was studied in primary cultures of @entity8302 , prepared from the @entity19 small intestine. To determine the extent of @entity8302 proliferation, we used immunofluorescent staining to study alterations in the number of cells expressing @entity17777 (+) and CD44(+), markers for mature @entity8302 . Phosphorylation of @entity1994 was measured by Western blot analysis. Treatment with low concentrations of @entity8835 ( @entity3958 donor, 1-30 microM) showed no apparent @entity137 , as judged from cell numbers. Importantly, treatment with @entity8835 (15 microM) for 24 hours increased the numbers of @entity17777 (+)/CD44(+) @entity8302 by 23.3 +/- 1.4% (P < 0.05). Moreover, @entity8835 increased @entity1994 phosphorylation, which was prevented with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor @entity2306 (5 microM). @entity2306 also blocked the @entity8835 -mediated increase in the number of @entity8302 . In addition, @entity3958 enhanced the proliferation of mature @entity8302 in the in vitro culture system used here in a concentration-dependent manner. The present study suggests that @entity3958 may be a critical factor in maintaining @entity8302 numbers and may have a novel, @entity1994 -dependent role in proliferation of mature @entity8302 .

title: @entity3957 , a gaseous transmitter, stimulates proliferation of interstitial cells of Cajal via phosphorylation of XXXX protein kinase.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI motility disorders', 'GI motility']

entities_list: @entity8302 :: ('MESH:D007984', 'Disease') :: ['ICC', 'Interstitial cells of Cajal']

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen sulfide']

answer: @entity1994 :: (11651(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['AKT']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of @entity12594 (antimuscarinic), @entity22776 (alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist) or both in @entity1 with male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of @entity1067 and concomitant @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity1 aged at least 50 years who had a total International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) of 8 or higher and bladder dairy documenting micturition frequency (more than eight micturitions/24 h) and urgency (more than one episode/24 h), with or without urgency urinary incontinence were randomized into three groups: group N, @entity22776 (50 mg once daily) only; group P, @entity12594 (20 mg once daily); and group NP, @entity22776 (50 mg once daily) plus @entity12594 (20 mg once daily) for a 4-week treatment regimen. RESULTS: A total of 66 @entity1 , including 20 in group N, 23 in group P and 23 in group NP, were treated and 58 (87.9%) completed the 4 weeks of treatment. IPSS improved significantly in groups N and NP. Urinary frequency improved significantly in groups P and NP. Postvoid residual urine volume increased significantly in groups P and NP. Significant improvements in urgency episodes were noted in each group. One @entity1 in group P required catheterization owing to acute urinary retention and another stopped medication because of difficulty in voiding. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that each treatment showed effectiveness for male LUTS with @entity2182 . However, there are some possibilities of adverse effects with @entity12594 monotherapy.

title: @entity22776 and @entity12594 for treatment of male lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of XXXX and concomitant @entity2182 : a prospective randomized controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity22776 :: ('MESH:C064357', 'Chemical') :: ['naftopidil']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder', 'OAB']

entities_list: @entity12594 :: ('MESH:C015586', 'Chemical') :: ['propiverine hydrochloride']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: We studied 93 families who had previously lost a baby to @entity6884 . Of these, 31 chose cardiorespiratory monitoring (CRM) for their next @entity1 and were compared to 62 families who, despite similar histories, decided not to monitor their subsequent @entity1 . A control group consisted of 50 families without history of @entity6884 . The three objectives of this retrospective study were: (1) to gain insight into psychological factors which differentiate between parents who insist on monitoring their @entity1 and those who do not; (2) to explore how parents of both groups cope with their feelings of @entity148 and stress and; (3) to examine the effect of psychological factors on parental reactions to monitor alarms. @entity1 of the monitor group and the nonmonitor group were matched to the age reached by the previous @entity6884 victims at the moment of @entity204 . Parents who had experienced @entity6884 (91%) and 37% of the control group parents completed the State-Trait @entity148 Inventory (STAI) and a questionnaire, consisting mainly of multiple-choice questions. Results show that monitor parents and nonmonitor parents differ greatly in their expectations of and attributions to the equipment and in the way they process information about monitoring. More monitor parents attribute a protective value to CRM. Monitor parents reported to have been more stressed during pregnancy. Postnatally, monitor parents and nonmonitor parents did not experience different @entity148 . Nonmonitor parents experienced a slight decrease of feelings of happiness over time. Mothers with high state @entity148 scores noted more false @entity1168 alarms than mothers with low scores.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Parental management of @entity1 born following a XXXX victim who were monitored compared to @entity1 who, despite similar histories, were not monitored: a controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Infants', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety levels', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity6884 :: ('MESH:D013398', 'Disease') :: ['cot-death', 'cot death']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity6884 :: (MESH:D013398,Disease) :: ['cot-death']


abstract: Diagnosis of @entity625 with recent onset is still an unresolved problem. In 1984 we started an outpatient clinic for @entity1 with @entity625 of less than one year duration. Of a total of 226 @entity1 seen 149 (66%) had definite (n = 76; 34%) or probable (n = 73; 32%) inflammatory @entity627 , and 77 (34%) had @entity627 . Thirtynine @entity1 were classified as undifferentiated @entity625 . This undefined @entity625 was often monoarticular (12%) and oligoarticuler (44%). One @entity1 met 5 ARA-criteria for @entity309 , 14 (36%) met 3-4 ARA-criteria and 25 (64%) only 1-2 ARA-criteria. ESR was elevated in only 23 (59%) @entity1 , rheumatoid factor was positive in 7 (19%) @entity1 and @entity1530 was positive in 9 (23%) @entity1 . Seventeen (44%) @entity1 had a history of recent infections preceding the beginning of joint symptoms. Thus undifferentiated @entity625 represents a heterogeneous group of diseases. Despite diagnostic progresses in recent years a high proportion of @entity625 cannot be diagnosed definitely.

title: Undifferentiated XXXX and spondylarthropathy as a challenge for prospective follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic disease', 'degenerative or extraarticular rheumatic disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['early arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: @entity2522 has been identified as a critical element in a beautiful smile and thus in facial esthetics. The present study aimed to assess the gingival line angle (GLA); the distance between the gingival zenith of maxillary @entity18601 (LID); and the ratio between the height of the @entity4094 ( @entity4094 ) and crown length, referred to as the @entity4094 ( @entity4094 ). Fifty @entity1 , aged 21-30 years, were recruited for study. Maxillary impressions were made using irreversible hydrocolloid and poured in dental stone, and facebow records were used to mount the master casts in an articulator. Standardized photographs of maxillary casts were taken, and image-processing software was used to assess GLA, LID, @entity4094 , and @entity4094 . Data analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between bilateral measurements of GLA (r = 0.93; P < 0.001). The mean @entity4094 dimensions decreased from mesial to distal sites in the maxillary dentition bilaterally. A paired t test exhibited a significant correlation between the parameters GLA and @entity4094 and showed that an increase in GLA led to an increase in @entity4094 . The gingival zenith of the @entity235 was apical to that of the incisors (GLA less than 90 degrees). The results of the present study may be utilized in conjunction with clinical goals and subjective parameters to help the restorative dentist obtain a more predictable esthetic outcome.

title: Clinical assessment of the XXXX and proximal contact areas in the maxillary anterior dentition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['proximal contact area proportion', 'proximal contact area', 'PCAP', 'PCA']

entities_list: @entity18601 :: ('MESH:C563634', 'Disease') :: ['lateral incisor and the gingival line']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['Gingival display']

answer: @entity2522 :: (MESH:D005891,Disease) :: ['gingival contours']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mammographic screening is carried out at public sector hospitals as part of clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: We report the experience of such screening at Tygerberg Academic Hospital (TBAH), a tertiary referral hospital in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. METHODS: All mammograms performed between 2003 and 2012 at TBAH were analysed regarding @entity1 demographics, clinical data, indication and outcome according to the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS). Screening mammography was offered to @entity1 > 40 years of age and mammograms were read by experienced breast surgeons. @entity1 with BIRADS 3 and 4 lesions were recalled for short-term follow-up, further imaging or tissue acquisition. @entity1 with BIRADS 5 lesions were recalled for tissue acquisition. Further imaging, method of tissue acquisition, histology results and use of neo-adjuvant therapy were also recorded. RESULTS: Of 16 105 mammograms, 3 774 (23.4%) were carried out for screening purposes. The median age of @entity1 undergoing screening was 54 years. Of 407 @entity1 with mammograms that were reported as BIRADS 3 - 5 (10.8% of screening mammograms), 187 (46% of recalled @entity1 ) went on to have further imaging only. Tissue was acquired in 175 @entity1 (43% of recalled @entity1 ), comprising a biopsy rate of 4.6% of the total series. The @entity5 rate in cases in which tissue acquisition was done was 25%. Forty-three @entity0 were diagnosed (11.4/1 000 examinations). Of the @entity5 , nine (31%) were @entity513 in situ. Of 20 invasive @entity5 , nine (45%) were < 10 mm in size. Of the invasive @entity5 , 40% were node-positive. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5 diagnosis rate indicates a high @entity0 load in an urbanised population.

title: Mammographic screening for XXXX in a resource-restricted environment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Rejection remains a problem in the transplantation field. The aim of this study was to establish acute and chronic rejection models in @entity35 and to investigate the roles of non-interleukin (IL)-2 T cell growth factors such as @entity10955 , @entity10956 and @entity10957 during rejection. METHODS: A liver transplant model was established using Dark Agouti and Brown @entity35 . The @entity35 were divided into group A, left without treatment; group B, received cyclosporinee (1 mg/kg/day); and group C, cyclosporinee (4 mg/kg/day). Histopathological, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western blot were performed in liver specimens obtained from different time-points after transplantation in the three groups. RESULTS: In group A, the livers showed irreversible acute cellular rejection with cell infiltration. In group B, chronic liver rejection was found, with graft infiltration, ductular damage or @entity4817 and @entity1575 . No apparent histological alterations were observed in group C. @entity10955 , @entity10956 and @entity10957 messenger RNA and their protein were all highly expressed in the liver specimens of groups A and B. Upregulated expression was found in @entity10955 since the first day after transplantation and in @entity10956 and @entity10957 since day 6. The extent of @entity10955 upregulation was more than that of @entity10956 and @entity10957 . CONCLUSIONS: Liver transplantation in Dark Agouti to Brown @entity35 with low-dose immunosuppression can induce chronic rejection. In the process of acute and chronic allograft rejections, non- @entity5041 T cell growth factors such as @entity10955 , @entity10956 and @entity10957 play roles. Strategies should pay more attention to regulating these cytokines after liver transplantation.

title: Increased expression of non-interleukin-2 T cell growth factors and their implications during liver allograft rejection in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4817 :: ('MESH:C538011', 'Disease') :: ['proliferation, obliterative arteriopathy']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Norway rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The electrical properties of the membrane of the ovarian oocyte at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage and of the ovulated egg of the @entity19 have been studied using a two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique. The stable resting potential measured with a single electrode was -38.2 +/- 2.8 mV SE (18 oocytes, 5 animals) and -27.8 +/- 1.4 mV SE (28 eggs, 8 animals) in a solution containing 20 mM [ @entity141 ]0. The lower values appear to be strongly affected by damage due to electrode insertion. However, there was no evidence of the resting potential being more negative than -40 to -50 mV. Voltage-dependent inward current could not be activated from a holding potential (Vh) close to the resting potential. When Vh was set at -90 mV, depolarizing pulses activated a transient inward current in both oocytes and eggs. The threshold voltage, peak voltage and inactivation vs potential curve were very similar in oocytes and eggs. On the other hand, the current amplitude appeared reduced in ovulated eggs, whilst times to peak and inactivation time constants in eggs were significantly longer than in oocytes. In oocytes the inward current was blocked by 10 mM @entity515 and decreased by lowering [ @entity141 ]0 to 5 mM similarly to the results reported for eggs. It therefore appears that GV ovarian oocytes possess @entity141 channels which differ from those present in eggs mainly with respect to their kinetic properties. The physiological role of this inward current remains obscure in both preparations since they are almost completely inactivated at the resting potential.

title: Resting membrane potential and inward current properties of XXXX ovarian oocytes and eggs.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity866 (Stsp), a protein kinase inhibitor, has been found to have a differential effect on the proliferation of normal and transformed cells in vitro. Hence, Stsp might be used in cancer therapy to arrest normal proliferating cells in G1, while permitting @entity5 cells to continue proliferation. The @entity1 could then be treated with a therapeutic agent of maximum @entity137 for actively proliferating @entity5 cells. To facilitate investigations of Stsp in vivo, we have developed an HPLC method for measuring the levels of Stsp in blood. Using a @entity35 model, plasma containing Stsp is treated with @entity1324 to precipitate proteins and extract the Stsp. The @entity1324 extract is then subjected to reversed-phase HPLC on a mu Bondapak C18 column. Using a linear elution gradient of @entity1626 containing @entity6146 , Stsp elutes as a sharp peak at ca. 35 min which can be detected by UV absorption at 292 nm. No blood or reagent components interfere with its quantification. The calibration curve, ranging from 0.1 to 2.0 micrograms Stsp, demonstrated a linear response to Stsp concentration having a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.990. Precision analysis demonstrated that the method will yield results that are +/- 11.6% from the mean 95% (two standard deviations) of the time. This method was used to measure Stsp levels in plasma after administering an injection of 0.2 mg Stsp into the jugular vein of @entity35 . No Stsp could be detected in the plasma 5 min after injection, even though enough Stsp was administered to be easily detectable if it was simply contained in the plasma. Thus, it is concluded that some compartment other than the plasma must adsorb the Stsp from the plasma and sequester it in vivo.

title: Development of a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6146 :: ('MESH:D014269', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoroacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['Staurosporine']

answer: @entity866 :: (MESH:D019311,Chemical) :: ['staurosporine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence and severity of @entity825 in adults with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) by using dynamic cine multidetector computed tomography (CT) and to correlate these findings with pulmonary function test (PFT) results and the severity of @entity358 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this institutional review board-approved HIPAA-compliant study, 40 @entity1 with @entity1577 (22 @entity1 , 18 @entity1 ; mean age, 28 years +/- 8 [standard deviation]; age range, 18-54 years) prospectively underwent PFTs, standard thin-section CT, and two dynamic cine multidetector CT acquisitions. Ten control subjects underwent dynamic cine multidetector CT. After standard thin-section CT was completed, dynamic cine multidetector CT was performed during a forced expiratory maneuver and during coughing. Dynamic cine multidetector CT images in nine @entity1 were excluded. Maximal inspiratory, dynamic expiratory, and end-expiratory tracheal luminal areas were compared (Student t test) and correlated (Spearman rank) with PFT results and severity of @entity358 . RESULTS: Mean predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) was 70.6% +/- 20.7, and mean Bhalla CT score was 41.8% +/- 13.6. In @entity1 with @entity1577 , dynamic cine mean tracheal cross-sectional area reduction was 51.7% +/- 18.4 (range, 9%-89%) for forced expiratory maneuvers and 68.8% +/- 11.7 (range, 18%-88%) for coughing (P = .001). @entity825 was demonstrated in 24 (69%) @entity1 and no control subjects during forced expiratory maneuvers (P = .001) and in 10 (29%) @entity1 and one (10%) control subject during coughing. For end-expiration images, mean tracheal luminal reduction was 16.1% +/- 14.0% (range, 0.0%-53.0%), with one @entity1 demonstrating tracheal luminal reduction of more than 50%. There was no correlation between tracheal cross-sectional luminal reduction and either predicted FEV(1) or CT Bhalla score. CONCLUSION: @entity825 depicted at dynamic cine multidetector CT is a highly prevalent finding in adults with @entity1577 . SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL: http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/2522081956/DC1.

title: @entity825 in adults with XXXX : determination of prevalence and severity with dynamic cine CT.

entities_list: @entity825 :: ('MESH:D055090', 'Disease') :: ['tracheomalacia', 'Tracheomalacia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymal lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12523 and @entity0 were initially described as neurologic and oncologic accompaniments of antineuronal nuclear autoantibody type 2 (ANNA-2, also known as anti-Ri). However, the neurologic spectrum of ANNA-2 @entity792 is broader, includes a @entity3519 and @entity8822 , and can be accompanied by @entity2 . OBJECTIVE: To describe clinically (with a video) ANNA-2-associated @entity3519 and @entity8822 , its pathologic correlates, and therapeutic outcomes. DESIGN: Retrospective case series with prospective clinical follow-up. SETTING: Mayo Clinic's Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Rochester, Minnesota. @entity1 : Consecutive @entity1 with ANNA-2 seropositivity identified since January 1, 1990. MAIN OUTCOME METHODS: Clinical (in 9 @entity1 ) and neuropathologic (in 2 @entity1 ) findings were reviewed. RESULTS: Of 48 @entity1 with ANNA-2 seropositivity, 9 (19%) had multifocal neurologic manifestations that included @entity3519 and @entity8822 . Among 6 @entity1 with @entity3519 , 5 had severely impaired nutrition, causing profound @entity353 . Five @entity1 had documented @entity8822 , which contributed to 1 @entity1 's @entity204 . Neuropathologic examination revealed diffuse infiltration by @entity405 (+) T lymphocytes, with @entity393 and @entity5219 in brainstem and descending spinal cord tracts. Some @entity1 improved symptomatically after immunosuppressant or cytotoxic therapies; 1 @entity1 improved after treatment with botulinum toxin. One @entity1 who underwent tracheostomy because of recurrent @entity8822 was alive and well longer than 3 years after symptom onset. CONCLUSIONS: Jaw @entity3519 and @entity8822 are common accompaniments of ANNA-2 @entity792 and are associated with significant morbidity. We propose that selective damage to antigen-containing inhibitory fibers innervating bulbar motor nuclei by @entity405 (+) T lymphocytes (histopathologically observed infiltrating brainstem reticular formation) is the proximal cause of this syndrome. Early and aggressive therapy offers the prospect of neurologic improvement or stabilization.

title: @entity3519 and XXXX with antineuronal nuclear autoantibody type 2 (anti-Ri).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['syndrome of jaw dystonia', 'dystonia', 'jaw dystonia']

entities_list: @entity12523 :: ('MESH:D053578', 'Disease') :: ['Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['axonal loss']

entities_list: @entity8822 :: ('MESH:D007826', 'Disease') :: ['laryngospasm']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity8822 :: (MESH:D007826,Disease) :: ['laryngospasm']


abstract: A @entity3979 can be compensated by dilation of the poststenotic vascular bed. Activation of cardiac sympathetic nerves can disturb this balance. Experiments in anesthetized, vagotomized @entity235 revealed that electrical stimulation of cardiac sympathetic nerves as well as reflex sympathetic activation by bilateral @entity432 induce vasoconstriction distal to severe @entity3979 , which were defined by the lack of any postocclusive reactive @entity450 . The poststenotic vasoconstriction is mediated by alpha 2-adrenoceptors and, in concert with the beta-adrenoceptor mediated increase in myocardial @entity26 demand, it induces an acute @entity63 of the poststenotic myocardium. This @entity63 was evidenced by @entity409 , net @entity880 production, the occurrence of @entity2224 in 10% of @entity235 , and the development of @entity39 after repetitive sympathetic stimulation. The alpha-antagonist @entity5521 , the selective alpha 2-antagonist @entity3160 , and the @entity460 antagonist @entity594 prevent both poststenotic vasoconstriction and @entity63 , whereas the beta-antagonist @entity1169 enhances even poststenotic vasoconstriction, but still prevents @entity63 . @entity63 can thus result from sympathetic activation but, in turn, also activates cardiac sympathetic nerves by a spinal reflex. This positive feedback provides a basis for a progressive poststenotic vasoconstriction and aggravation of @entity741 . This vicious cycle can be interrupted by @entity3160 and @entity594 , as well as by segmental epidural anesthesia with @entity8162 at segments @entity36 . The poststenotic @entity63 induced by sympathoexcitatory reflexes can also be prevented by blocking the sympathoexcitation at the central nervous level by @entity1338 . Our studies emphasize the role of cardiac sympathetic nerves and alpha 2-mediated poststenotic vasoconstriction in the genesis and aggravation of poststenotic @entity741 .

title: Sympathetic mechanisms in poststenotic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['rauwolscine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'Poststenotic ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['subendocardial necroses']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['contractile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity8162 :: ('MESH:D011343', 'Chemical') :: ['procaine']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenoses', 'coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['carotid occlusion']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity354 ( @entity354 ) is a chronic condition that usually requires long-term maintenance therapy with proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs). In clinical practice, @entity1 receive PPIs at the lowest dose to control symptoms. However, it is not known whether this approach adequately controls acidic esophageal reflux. We sought to investigate the efficacy of three different dosages of @entity1537 in @entity1 receiving maintenance therapy for @entity354 , using the Bravo pH system. METHODS: @entity1 with a previous history of erosive @entity2910 A or B (LA classification) that was healed at the time of enrollment or @entity354 ( @entity354 ), documented with an abnormal pH study, were randomized to receive maintenance therapy with @entity1537 40 mg twice daily (group A), once daily (group B), or every other day (group C). Intraesophageal pH was monitored for two consecutive days using the Bravo wireless system, 30 days after randomization. The parameters subjected to analysis were percent of total time pH<4 and the De Meester score. RESULTS: The pH results from 73 @entity1 (group A=24, group B=24, group C=25 @entity1 ) were subjected to final analysis. On the first day of the study, the mean (+/-s.d.) percent of total time pH <4 and the De Meester score were group A: 0.9(1.2) and 4.1(4.0); group B: 1.5(1.6) and 7.0(6.9); group C: 1.3(1.0) and 6.0(3.3), respectively (P=0.262 and 0.134, respectively). On the second day of the study, the corresponding values were group A: 0.7(1.0) and 3.9(5.9); group B: 1.5(1.8) and 6.4(6.6); group C: 7.0(4.4) and 29.4(19.4), respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.0001 and <0.0001, respectively). Further analysis showed that @entity1 not receiving PPI had a significantly higher mean percent of total time pH<4 and De Meester score as compared with @entity1 on PPI once or twice daily (P<0.001 and <0.001 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The administration of @entity1537 40 mg every other day does not control acidic esophageal reflux on the day off PPI. @entity1537 40 mg once daily effectively controls reflux of acid in @entity1 with history of mild @entity2910 or @entity354 , whereas doubling the dose does not seem to confer any further advantage.

title: Efficacy of three different dosages of XXXX in the long-term management of @entity354 : a prospective, randomized study, using the wireless Bravo pH system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1537 :: ('MESH:D064098', 'Chemical') :: ['Esomeprazole', 'esomeprazole']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['Gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD', 'endoscopy-negative reflux disease', 'ENRD']

answer: @entity1537 :: (MESH:D064098,Chemical) :: ['esomeprazole']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4037 is uncommon during pregnancy and is extremely rare in postpartum @entity1 . It leads to a life-threatening emergency. CASE REPORT: A 33-year-old @entity1 , gravida 2 para 1, was admitted to our institute with severe @entity490 and overdistended abdomen immediately after a full-term vaginal delivery. She had a normal prenatal course and denied having any medical and surgical history. The primipara @entity1 with no history of abdominal surgery was diagnosed with a @entity4037 with @entity14853 after vaginal delivery. We performed an emergency laparotomy and primary repair of the @entity14853 and abdominal wall defect. An abdominal binder was provided for the postoperative period. The @entity1 's postoperative period was uncomplicated. She was discharged from the hospital after 12 days. CONCLUSION: If a @entity1 has @entity1109 or complications, the diagnosis and management of the @entity547 should be performed as soon as possible, regardless of the onset, to decrease maternal and fetal mortality.

title: XXXX with @entity14853 after vaginal delivery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['hernia-related symptoms']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity14853 :: ('MESH:D014597', 'Disease') :: ['uterine rupture']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['Ventral hernia', 'ventral hernia']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['Ventral hernia']


abstract: Among @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) are a diverse group of @entity706 that display a wide spectrum of clinical, morphologic, immunologic, and molecular features. Currently the @entity1893 are divided into three groups based on their clinical behavior: 1) indolent, 2) @entity146 , and 3) highly @entity146 . Among the groups, many @entity1 with @entity146 @entity1893 is curable with current combination chemotherapy, however fractions of @entity1 will relapse, and resistant disease remains a problem. It would be valuable to identify those @entity1 with a particularly poor prognosis when treated with a standard regimen so that alternative therapies could be tested. A number of risk factors distinguish @entity1 with a distinct natural history and probability of response to therapy. Recently, international index identifies subsets of @entity1 who are likely to do well or unlikely to benefit from standard regimens and younger high-risk @entity1 are candidates for more intensive experimental therapy. A major idea that is guiding the development of new treatment programs is augmenting the dose intensity of the treatment. The development of colony-stimulating factors allow us to increase intensity of chemotherapy. However, it must be confirmed that such therapy really improve the survival of the @entity1 with high risk @entity1893 . Formerly a universally fatal disease, relapsed @entity146 now appears to be responsive to combinations of non-cross resistant antineoplastic drugs or to high-dose chemotherapy with or without rediation therapy followed by autologous or allogeneic bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Treatment of high risk XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', "malignant disease, the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive lymphoma', 'aggressive']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cell adhesion molecules are cell surface proteins that allow specific cell-cell interactions among leukocytes, as well as between leukocytes and other cells. Because @entity5479 is characterized by the presence of leukocyte infiltrates, the presence of the two molecule types of intercellular adhesion molecules ( @entity2071 and @entity10985 ) was investigated on @entity3540 using monoclonal antibodies. METHODS: Tissue sections from 10 @entity1 with @entity3540 , and normal skin from 5 @entity1 were prepared for alkaline-phosphatase--anti-alkaline-phosphatase (APAAP) staining. RESULTS: @entity2071 and @entity10985 were present in normal skin in microvascular endothelial cells and in intersticial cells of the dermis. @entity3540 showed a very important increase of the @entity2071 expression with comparison to @entity1 skin. All infiltrating immune cells showed positive reactions for the antibody. Furthermore, the intensity of the staining of vessels cells was higher than in normal skin. Keratinocytes were only positive if a very heavy infiltrate was present subepidermally. @entity10985 was present in endothelial and intersticial cells in normal skin and in @entity3540 . Most of the infiltrating cells in the @entity3540 stroma showed positive reactions for the anti- @entity10985 antibody. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that both @entity2071 and @entity10985 play a central role in the regulation of the inflammatory disorders observed in @entity3540 .

title: Expression of @entity1 intercellular adhesion molecules in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5479 :: ('MESH:D018424', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma', 'Cholesteatoma']

answer: @entity5479 :: (MESH:D018424,Disease) :: ['middle ear cholesteatoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: An activating somatic mutation of Janus kinase 2 @entity4017 (JAK2V617F) is present in most @entity6582 vera (PV) @entity1 . We studied efficacy of two potent @entity669 kinase inhibitors (TKI), @entity14386 and @entity10542 , in vitro on cells bearing this mutation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We employed reporter cells expressing wild-type @entity4016 and mutant JAK2V617F, @entity1 erythroleukemic cells (HEL) carrying JAK2V617F)to study the efficacy of these TKIs by cell proliferation assay, @entity4404 / @entity2667 staining, and on relevant cell-signaling and apoptotic events. These data were compared to ex vivo expanded native @entity1 erythroid PV progenitor cells grown in liquid cultures. RESULTS: @entity14386 showed a time- and dose-dependent growth inhibitory effect that was greater in FDCP cells expressing JAK2V617F and HEL cells than in cells expressing wild-type @entity4016 . @entity14386 caused dephosphorylation of Akt(S243) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5(Y694) proteins, increase in @entity4404 binding and @entity522 cleavage, suggesting induction of apoptosis. We also observed @entity14386 -mediated decrease in @entity1457 protein 70 and 90 antiapoptotic proteins. Similarly, native PV erythroid progenitors showed more sensitivity to @entity14386 than normal erythroid progenitors. @entity14386 also exerted dose-dependent inhibition of PV-specific erythroid colonies. @entity10542 ( @entity10542 ) however, lacked specificity and required high (>8 microM) concentrations to inhibit growth of JAK2V617F-carrying cells. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that @entity14386 exerts its apoptotic activity via downregulation of proliferative and antiapoptotic regulatory proteins. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the effect of @entity14386 on PV erythroid progenitors. Differential effects on PV and normal progenitor cells suggest @entity14386 has potential in the treatment of PV and other @entity4016 V617F positive @entity1583 .

title: Study of two @entity669 kinase inhibitors on growth and signal transduction in XXXX vera.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity6582 :: (MESH:D011086,Disease) :: ['polycythemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Management of advanced @entity135 is a challenging proposition. Presently concomitant chemo-irradiation has become the standard of care in such @entity1 . Many chemotherapeutic drugs have shown radio-sensitising effects when used concomitantly along with radiation. The present study was carried out with the objective of assessing the feasibility and efficacy of low dose @entity136 as radiosensitizer when used during radical radiotherapeutic management of @entity1 with locally advanced @entity135 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From November 2000 to March 2003, eighty histopathologically proven cases of squamous cell @entity135 were included in this trial, 40 @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive radiotherapy alone and 40 @entity1 to receive @entity136 along with radiotherapy. RESULTS: All @entity1 were assessable for @entity137 and response. Severe @entity33 (WHO level 5 reactions were observed in 67% @entity1 in the CT/ @entity138 group vs 16% @entity1 in the @entity138 only group. No severe hematological @entity137 was seen. The rates of complete and partial responses were 42.5% _ 57.5% respectively for @entity138 only and 62.5% _37.5%, respectively for CT/ @entity138 group. There was no significant difference in the response rates at the end of treatment but disease free survival at three years was better in the CT/ @entity138 group (63.3% vs 20%). Nine of the 17 @entity1 with complete response in the radiation only group developed relapse while no relapses were seen in CT/ @entity138 group. CONCLUSION: In the present study the combination of @entity136 and radiotherapy has not shown any statistical difference in locoregional control but survival advantage was seen as compared to radiotherapy alone. At the same time more @entity137 was encountered when @entity136 is given concurrently with radiation.

title: XXXX concurrent with radiation therapy for locally advanced @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck carcinoma', 'head and neck carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'mucosal and skin toxicity']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['Gemcitabine']


abstract: Profound @entity2332 and @entity1167 is a well worked out technique for total repair of @entity154 in @entity1 . Recently, it has been popularized for the repair of @entity439 of the transverse aortic arch. We have applied this technique of profound @entity2332 and @entity1167 in three other adult @entity1 in whom conventional techniques would not allow safe and adequate complete repair of acquired @entity299 . The first @entity1 , a 76-year-old female, had a large chronic ascending aortic @entity439 involving the aortic valve, as well as the innominate and left common carotid arteries. Resuspension of the aortic valve, resection of the ascending @entity439 , and reconstruction of the ascending and transverse aorta were performed under profound @entity1167 . In addition, multi-dose hypothermic blood K+ cardioplegia was utilized to protect the myocardium. The second @entity1 underwent valve replacement during a period of @entity1167 because of extensive calcification of the entire ascending aorta and transverse aortic arch. Arrest time was 56 minutes. The third @entity1 was a 54-year-old female and had a large patent ductus arteriosus with a 3:1 left-to-right shunt as well as significant aortic and @entity339 . The ductus was closed through an incision in the pulmonary artery during a 13-minute period of profound @entity2332 and @entity1167 . Aortic valve replacement and mitral repair were also performed at the same time, utilizing conventional techniques. All three @entity1 recovered uneventfully with no evidence of any significant @entity16 . Long-term follow-up has shown improvement in functional classification in all @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Use of profound XXXX and @entity1167 in complex intra-cardiac repair in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defects']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic defect']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['intra-cardiac defects']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: Secretion of @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity1465 ) during pregnancy induces differentiation of the mammary gland, thereby making breast tissue less susceptible to @entity105 . @entity1465 binds to specific @entity1465 receptors on mammary epithelial cells inducing changes in gene expression that can inhibit cell proliferation and, therefore, interfere with tumorigenesis. Since @entity0 cells also contain a relatively high level of the @entity1465 receptor, @entity1465 has potential as a therapeutic agent. We postulated that @entity1465 might also enhance the radiosensitivity of @entity0 cells and, therefore, be useful as an adjunctive therapy. In the present study, @entity0 cells grown in cell culture were treated with @entity1465 (0.2-5 IU/ml) for 24 h prior to exposing the cells to 0 Gy, 3 Gy, 4 Gy, or 5 Gy of radiation. Following irradiation, the MCF-7 cells were incubated either in the presence or absence of @entity1465 . Cell survival was monitored with an @entity98 assay 1 day, 4 days, and 7 days after irradiation. All of the concentrations of @entity1465 tested enhanced radiosensitivity of MCF-7 cells. The maximum enhancement occurred with MCF-7 cells that had been exposed to 2 IU/ml of @entity1465 for at least 24 h prior to irradiation with 4 Gy. The use of higher concentrations of @entity1465 or a higher dose of radiation did not increase the enhancement effect. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with @entity1465 for only 24 h was sufficient to achieve the maximum effect. However, maintaining the cells in @entity1465 beyond 24 h increased the effectiveness of the lowest @entity1465 concentration. Using a linear-quadratic equation to analyze the data, we determined that the use of @entity1465 would result in an 8-10% reduction in MCF-7 cell survival at a dose of 2 Gy, a typical dose used in conventional @entity5 therapy.

title: Enhancement of radiosensitivity of the XXXX cell line with @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'MCF-7 breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['MCF-7 breast cancer']


abstract: Variants of @entity19 @entity1778 L1210 cells have been isolated in which @entity137 to @entity13337 is not fully potentiated by @entity857 - @entity13338 transferase inhibitor @entity13339 , as occurs in normal L1210 cells. These variants were selected after mutagenesis by growing the cells in @entity13337 and @entity13339 . The characterisation of one of these variants is described. Variant 3 cells repair low doses of DNA damage in the presence of @entity857 - @entity13338 transferase inhibitors. The Vmax of the @entity857 - @entity13338 transferase enzyme in these cells is only increased 35% compared to normal wild-type L1210 cells. The basal @entity13340 activity is increased 66% above wild-type whereas DNA ligase II activity appears to be unchanged. The most striking observation, however, is that the DNA ligase II activity is not increased after @entity13337 treatment as occurs in wild-type L1210 cells. It seems that by increasing @entity13340 levels these cells can survive DNA damage in the presence of @entity13339 . This variant (mutant) provides genetic evidence for our previously published hypothesis that ( @entity857 - @entity8690 )n biosynthesis is required for efficient DNA repair after DNA damage by monofunctional alkylating agents, because @entity857 - @entity13338 transferase activity regulates DNA ligase activity. This variant is the first @entity1 cell reported in which DNA ligase activity is altered, as far as we are aware. In @entity375 , a DNA ligase mutant has a cell division cycle (cdc) phenotype. Presumably, DNA ligase is essential for DNA synthesis, repair and recombination. The present variant provides further evidence that in @entity1 cells, DNA ligase II activity is related to @entity857 - @entity13338 transferase activity.

title: A @entity1 cell variant in which @entity13339 does not potentiate the XXXX of @entity13337 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity13337 :: ('CHEBI:59050', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulphate']

entities_list: @entity13339 :: ('MESH:C025160', 'Chemical') :: ['3-aminobenzamide']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intracerebral infusion of anticonvulsant agent secreting cells has proven to raise the threshold for @entity410 generation in epileptogenic areas. Median ganglionic eminence (MGE) is the main embryonic region where future GABAergic cells originate. Here we report the results of intraamygdaline grafting of MGE cells versus fibroblasts in a piriform cortex kindling model of @entity302 in the @entity35 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity35 were implanted with an electrode in the left piriform cortex and subjected to infusion at the left basolateral amygdala of cells obtained from the MGE of embryos or fibroblasts. Some of the donor cells were obtained from transgenic @entity35 expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP). @entity410 and @entity16 were recorded, and inmunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies were carried out. RESULTS: Cells obtained from the embryonic MGE elevated both the afterdischarge and the @entity410 threshold progressively, being significant 3 weeks after their injection. On the contrary, fibroblasts injected into the amygdala raised the @entity410 thresholds the first week, the effect weaning during the following weeks. Fibroblasts and MGE cells were shown at the injected amygdala. No behavioral side effects were recorded in either experimental group. CONCLUSION: MGE cells implanted at the amygdala may control the focal component of temporolimbic @entity410 . This effect may be mediated by local release of @entity1246 .

title: Injection of embryonic median ganglionic eminence cells or fibroblasts within the amygdala in XXXX kindled from the piriform cortex.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic behavior']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Retrospective immunohistochemical assay of antigen Ki-67 in @entity5 tissue was carried out prior to and in the course of radiotherapy (TFD - 14-20Gy) in 89 @entity1 with @entity957 . Index of proliferation, i.e. number of Ki-67-positive cells per 1,000 of all cells, was found. Prior to therapy, the index was on the average 49.7%, during irradiation it decreased and its mean value was 24%. There was a correlation between proliferation level @entity5 progression and the former influenced the immediate effect of radiotherapy. Ki-67 expression in cervical @entity189 exceeded the median. It correlated with unfavorable end-results and was followed by higher relapse incidence. No significant proliferation index difference was reported visa-vis histological pattern, @entity5 cell differentiation or age. Yet, the drop in proliferative activity during therapy was significant, regardless of outcome. Our results pointed to the high prognostic significance of proliferative activity as far as therapy and outcome were concerned.

title: [Ki-67 expression as a predictor of the effectiveness of radiotherapy and of outcome in locally advanced XXXX (immunohistochemical study)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix']


abstract: Acquired resistance in @entity35 ( @entity17491 50) during @entity281 with 30 Moniliformis moniliformis has an effect on survival, growth and behaviour of the parasite. We observe an expulsion of worms during @entity281 , starting in the 4th week for female worms but usually after 8 weeks for the males. The density of parasites determines the beginning of the self-cure. Comparing our results with the works of Andreassen (1974a) and Burlingame et Chandler (1941), we observe that the self-cure occurs earlier with doses of 100 larvae than with 30 or 20. @entity35 with a @entity281 show immunity against reinfection. Two weeks after reinfection we observe that only 26% of the parasites are fixed compared to 66% in primary @entity281 . A major effect of immunity is retardation of worm growth. Parasites from reinfections are shorter than those of primary @entity281 . During @entity281 the worm migrate. After the first 3 weeks the male migrate posteriorly and female anteriorly and posteriorly. In reinfections parasites become localized after only 2 weeks. We hypothize that M. moniliformis migrates due to an immunological reaction and inflammatory response of the intestinal mucus but also as a part of its own normal development.

title: [Contribution to the knowledge of the biology of Moniliformis moniliformis Bremser, 1811 (Acanthocephala). Influence of host resistance of XXXX Berkenhout, 1769, on the parasite (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections', 'primary infection']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rattus norvegicus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to report our 9 years' experience with endoscopic @entity4617 resection using the port access approach. METHODS: From March 1997 to December 2005, 27 @entity1 (mean age, 56.2 +/- 16.9 years; 70% female) underwent endoscopic @entity4617 resection using endocardiopulmonary bypass and @entity661 technique. Nineteen (70%) @entity1 presented in New York Heart Association class I, 4 @entity1 presented with @entity64 , and 4 @entity1 presented with @entity943 . All @entity1 underwent echocardiography on admission, intraoperatively, at discharge, and at follow-up evaluation. Eight @entity1 additionally required mitral valve replacement (n = 1), tricuspid valve replacement (n = 1), mitral valve repair (n = 2), mini-maze (n = 1), and closure of @entity4616 (n = 3). Mean follow-up was 3.4 +/- 2.7 years. RESULTS: Mean @entity661 and endocardiopulmonary bypass times were 68.8 +/- 30.8 minutes and 112.2 +/- 41.5 minutes, respectively. There were no conversions to sternotomy. Tumors resected were classified as left @entity4615 (n = 20), right @entity4615 (n = 3), @entity362 (n = 1), intravenous @entity2909 involving the inferior vena cava and the tricuspid valve (n = 1), @entity5 of the sinoatrial node (n = 1), and papillary fibroelastoma of aortic valve noncoronary cusp (n = 1). There were no hospital deaths. Mean intensive care unit and hospital stays were 1.4 +/- 1.1 days and 7.3 +/- 3.4 days, respectively. @entity260 were evolving @entity64 (n = 1), re-exploration for @entity548 (n = 1), and @entity741 requiring stenting (n = 1). Follow-up failed to demonstrate residual or recurrent @entity5 . One @entity1 had a small residual @entity118 . Ninety-two percent of @entity1 appreciated the cosmetic result and fast recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic @entity4617 resection is feasible and a valid oncologic approach with an attractive cosmetic advantage over median sternotomy.

title: Endoscopic XXXX resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['embolic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'plexiform tumor']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tumor']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity4615 :: ('MESH:C538262', 'Disease') :: ['atrial myxoma']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['endoaortic-balloon clamp']

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['patent foramen ovale']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma']

answer: @entity4617 :: (MESH:D006338,Disease) :: ['cardiac tumor']


abstract: A study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of simple closure followed by drug therapy in cases of perforated duodenal @entity1066 and to identify the risk factors in relation to the mortality. The male to female ratio was 5:1. Of the @entity1 59.2% were up to 50 years of age, while 40.8% were above the age of 50 years. Of the @entity1 47% were admitted 24 hours after the onset of @entity298 . All these @entity1 were surgically treated with simple closure of the perforation with omental patch. Nine @entity1 expired leading to 7.5% mortality. The risk factors identified for mortality were age 60 years and above, presence of shock on admission and delayed presentation. The mortality is directly related to the number of risk factors present in a given @entity1 . At the time of discharge the @entity1 were advised to take orally @entity6359 40 mg at bed time for a period of 8 weeks. Eighty-one @entity1 could be followed up and Visick grading was done. Sixty-two @entity1 were in grade I, 11 in grade II, 3 in grade III and 5 in grade IV. The results indicate that simple closure followed by drug therapy is acceptable treatment for perforated duodenal @entity1066 .

title: Simple closure of perforated duodenal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6359 :: ('MESH:D015738', 'Chemical') :: ['famotidine']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Local recurrence after breast conserving surgery is reported in 5-10% of cases. This study aims to determine if preoperative MRI is associated with reduced IBTR rates in the longer term and evaluate IBTR rates of a high risk ( @entity7443 and @entity1722 positive) subgroup in those receiving MRI or not. METHODS: Between 1999 and 2005, @entity1 with invasive @entity0 undergoing BCS and radiation were identified. Primary endpoint was IBTR rate. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 470 cases: 27% underwent MRI and 73% did not. Median follow-up was 97 months. Overall 10-year IBTR rate was 3.6%. There was no significant difference in IBTR rate at 10 years between those receiving MRI or not (1.6% vs. 4.2% (P   =   0.37). The @entity7443 and @entity1722 positive combined subgroup had a higher IBTR rate than all others (9.8% vs. 1.7%, P   =   0.001). In the group without MRI, the IBTR rate of the high risk group was 11.8% compared to 1.8% in the remainder (P   =   0.002). CONCLUSION: With 10-year follow-up, there was no significant difference in IBTR rate whether preoperative MRI is performed versus not. The high risk population showed an increased IBTR rate, this was more marked in those who did not receive MRI.

title: Preoperative MRI of the breast and ipsilateral XXXX recurrence: Long-term follow up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumor']


abstract: Currently, the biological mechanisms controlling adverse reactions to particulate matter are uncertain, but are likely to include oxidative @entity651 , @entity32 , @entity281 , and preexisting @entity358 (e.g., @entity1030 . Each mechanism can be viewed as a complex trait controlled by interactions of host (genetic) and environmental factors. We propose that genetic factors play a major role in susceptibility to particulate matter because the number of individuals exposed (even in occupational settings) is often large, but relatively few @entity1 respond with increases in morbidity and even mortality. Previous clinical studies support this hypothesis, having discovered marked individual variation in diminished lung function following oxidant exposures. Advances in functional genomics have facilitated the examination of this hypothesis and have begun to provide valuable new insights into gene-environmental interactions. For example, genome-wide scans can be completed readily in @entity19 that enable assessment of chromosomal regions with linkage to quantitative traits. Recently, we and others have identified linkage to oxidant-induced @entity32 and mortality. Such linkage analysis can narrow and prioritize candidate gene(s) for further investigation, which, in turn, is aided by existing transgenic @entity19 models. In addition, differential expression (microarray) analysis enables simultaneous assessment of thousands of genes and expressed sequence tags. Combining genome-wide scan with microarray analysis permits a comprehensive assessment of adverse responses to environmental stimuli and will lead to progress in understanding the complex cellular mechanisms and genetic determinants of susceptibility to particulate matter.

title: Functional Genomics of Particle-Induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseJ']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['Lung Injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of cigarette smoking on the composition of @entity1 carotid endarterectomy plaques. BACKGROUND: Smoking has been recognized as a major risk factor in atherogenesis. It is believed that smoking contributes to the @entity731 process and plaque instability in part by increasing the adherence of macrophages to the vessel wall and inducing the release of proteolytic enzymes. However, data are lacking in @entity1 . METHODS: Carotid endarterectomy specimens of 21 smokers and 21 nonsmokers matched for age, gender, and symptoms were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against @entity469 (macrophages [MAC]), macrophage-derived metalloelastase ( @entity10885 ), and @entity2843 ( @entity2843 ). Sections were also evaluated for @entity2362 content by van Gieson staining. The stained areas were planimetrically quantified as the percentage of immunopositive tissue area of the total tissue area. RESULTS: Smoking was associated with increased macrophage immunoreactivity (9.1% +/-7.4% vs 3.4% +/- 2.9%; P = .003) as well as increased expression of @entity10885 (13.4% +/- 6.7% vs 5.5% +/- 3.5%; P = .0004). However, plaques from smokers had decreased @entity2843 expression (7.7% +/- 5.7% vs 13.1% +/- 8.5%; P = .04) and decreased @entity2362 content (26.9% +/- 14.5% vs 38.9% +/- 18.4%; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that cigarette smoking increases markers of @entity32 and tissue destruction in @entity731 . This change in plaque composition may at least in part explain the effect of smoking on the instability of @entity1 @entity731 .

title: Smoking increases XXXX and metalloproteinase expression in @entity1 carotid @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-1', 'tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerotic plaques']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: In five open-chest @entity235 and with four to five alveolar capsules we used an optimal ventilator waveform (OVW) to follow frequency and tidal volume (VT) dependence of lung, airway, and tissue resistance (R) and elastance (E) before and during constant infusion of @entity112 (16 micrograms.kg-1.min-1). OVW contains sufficient flow energy between 0.234 and 4.7 Hz, avoids nonlinear harmonic interactions, and simultaneously ventilates with physiological VT. Each OVW breath permits a smooth estimate of frequency dependence of R and E for the whole lung. A constant-phase model analysis provided estimates of purely viscous resistance (Rvis), which represents the sum of airway resistance (Raw) and any purely newtonian component of tissue resistance (Rti), and parameters G and H, which govern frequency dependence of Rti and tissue elastance (Eti), respectively. Tissue structural damping ( @entity11977 ) is calculated as G/H. This model was applied to the whole lung and tissue impedance as estimated from each capsule. We found a small but inconsequential purely newtonian component of Rti, even during constriction. Four @entity235 showed a peak response at approximately 4 min in lung Rvis coupled (in time) to initial increases in G, H, @entity11977 , and airway inhomogeneities. In two of these @entity235 the response was severe. Tissue properties estimated from whole lung impedance (G, H, and @entity11977 ) were nearly identical to values estimated from unobstructed capsules throughout infusion. By using a technique independent of alveolar capsules, our results indicate that a major if not dominant response to a constrictive agonist occurs in lung tissues, resulting in a large increase in Rti and Eti. With severe constriction, significant increases occur in Raw and airway inhomogeneities as well. Finally, separation of airway and tissue properties using input impedance estimated from the frequency-rich OVW avoids use of alveolar capsules and may prove an effective tool for partitioning airway and tissue properties in @entity1 .

title: Airway and tissue mechanics during physiological breathing and bronchoconstriction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: To resemble the clinical presentation of @entity788 in an animal model more closely, we developed an orthotopic xenograft of CaPan-1 @entity1 @entity788 in athymic @entity19 . Within 3 weeks after implantation into the body and head of the pancreas, animals had palpable @entity5 . By 8 weeks, @entity3 to the liver and spleen were observed, and at 10-14 weeks, @entity843 formation, with and without seeding of the diaphragm, and @entity1087 were evident. Thus, this @entity5 model exhibited many of the most common features of @entity1 @entity788 . Radiolabeled monoclonal antibody PAM4 showed specific localization of the primary orthotopic and @entity3 . On day 3, PAM4 accumulation within the @entity5 (0.5 g) was 11.3 +/- 5.1% injected dose/g with a localization index of 11.3 +/- 4.0. The estimated @entity5 :blood radiation dose ratio for PAM4 was 4:1, whereas a nonspecific antibody (Ag8) would provide only 40% of the blood dose to the @entity5 . Based on these observations, animals bearing 4-week-old @entity5 (estimated volume, 0.25 cm3) were administered either 131I-labeled PAM4, 350 microCi, or nonspecific Ag8, 350 microCi, and compared with an untreated control group. Radiolabeled PAM4 provided a significant (P < 0.001) increase in survival time with less morbidity compared with the untreated control group, whereas nonspecific Ag8 was not significantly different from the control group. These studies provide a rationale for initiating a Phase I clinical study for detection and therapy of @entity788 with PAM4.

title: Initial studies of monoclonal antibody PAM4 targeting to xenografted orthotopic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'orthotopic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors', 'metastases']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: As of now, the role of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in the treatment of @entity3202 is inconclusive. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of ESWT and the role of this technology in the treatment of @entity3202 non-union of femurs. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 22 @entity1 treated between July 1999 and September 2007 in our hospital with ESWT for @entity3202 of isthmic femoral shaft @entity174 that were initially treated surgically using closed reamed nailing procedure. @entity1 with @entity4422 , @entity1141 , on anti-osteoporotic medications, with @entity281 , @entity174 , smokers, with @entity262 compromising bone healing, and @entity85 were excluded from this study. Due to incomplete follow-up one (1) @entity1 who moved abroad after ESTW treatment was not included in this study and as part of the 22- @entity1 cohort. Radiographs were obtained before treatment and once a month after treatment for 12 months. RESULTS: Using ESWT we showed that 14 @entity174 out of 22 (63.6%) achieved bony union with an average union time of 9.2 months (range 6-13 months). The union rate was 100% (8 of 8 cases) when ESWT was performed within 12 months from closed reamed nailing surgery versus 42.9% (6 of 14 cases) when ESWT was performed after 12 months from initial surgery. The eight (8) @entity1 out of the total 22 @entity1 cohort, who did not achieve bony union after ESWT, received subsequent treatment with bone grafting with augmentative plating surgery and all achieved bony union within 5 months after intervention. CONCLUSION: For @entity1 with @entity3202 of femoral shaft @entity174 , ESWT can be used as an alternative and effective non-invasive method of treatment. ESWT treatment does not negatively influence/compromise previous surgeries and if needed it can be followed by additional surgeries without any complications.

title: Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in the treatment of XXXX of femoral shaft @entity174 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4422 :: ('MESH:D005597', 'Disease') :: ['open fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'pathological fractures']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic', 'atrophic non-unions']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['excessive deformity']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal immaturity']

answer: @entity3202 :: (MESH:D016109,Disease) :: ['atrophic non-unions']


abstract: We aimed to determine changes in the expression of the genes @entity5962 , @entity20197 , @entity1759 , and @entity8111 to look for any relationship between them, @entity1722 and @entity1782 expression at the RNA level, and the histopathological properties of @entity5 . We also analyzed the expression properties of double-negative ( @entity172 receptor [ER] and @entity1 @entity470 [ @entity1722 ] both negative) @entity0 . Expression status was studied in fresh tissue at the mRNA level with quantitative PCR using hydrolysis probes. Sixty-two @entity5 @entity1 and four normal controls were included in the study. When the @entity5 group was analyzed as a whole, the correlations of @entity1782 with @entity5962 , @entity20197 , and @entity8111 were P < 0.05, P < 0.005, and P < 0.005, respectively. In @entity5 , @entity5962 and @entity20197 were correlated directly (P < 0.005) when @entity1722 was correlated with @entity5962 , @entity20197 , and @entity8111 indirectly (P < 0.005, P < 0.005, and P < 0.05, respectively). @entity5962 and @entity1759 had a strong indirect correlation (P < 0.005) in ER-negative @entity5 . There were significant differences in the expression levels of the @entity20197 , @entity8111 , and @entity1759 genes (P < 0.005, P < 0.005, and P < 0.05, respectively) between the ER-positive and -negative groups. All four genes were found to be correlated with invasive properties in both @entity5 . In double-negative @entity5 samples, only @entity1759 had a significant and strong correlation with stage, lymph node involvement, and @entity3 (P < 0.05, P < 0.005, and P < 0.05, respectively). As a conclusion, a decrease in @entity5962 , @entity20197 , and @entity8111 expression levels with an increase in @entity1759 can be used as an indicator for invasion in both ER-positive and -negative @entity0 . In double-negative @entity5 tissues, @entity1759 can be considered a marker for aggressive properties.

title: Predicting invasive phenotype with XXXX , @entity20197 , @entity1759 , and @entity8111 gene expression in primary @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ER-positive and -negative tumors', 'cancer', 'ER-positive tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5962 :: (999,Gene) :: ['CDH1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In contrast to studies of @entity308 and @entity716 , the first part of this study showed no major differences in serum levels of cytokines and @entity2340 metabolites between healthy @entity1 and those with @entity71 ( @entity71 ). Yet, small decreases of potentially toxic @entity10594 metabolites and increases of cytokines were evident in subgroups. Therefore we examined predictions of biochemical associations with the major symptom clusters, measures of attention and response variability. METHODS: We explored systematically associations of 8 cytokines (indicators of pro/anti-inflammatory function) and 5 @entity2340 metabolites with symptom ratings (e.g. @entity148 , opposition, inattention) and continuous performance test (CPT) measures (e.g. movement, @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ), variability) in 35 @entity71 (14 on medication) and 21 control @entity1 . Predictions from linear regressions (controlled by the false discovery rate) confirmed or disconfirmed partial correlations accounting for age, body mass and socio-economic status. RESULTS: (1) Total symptom ratings were associated with increases of the interleukins @entity17090 and @entity4047 , where relations of @entity17090 (along with decreased @entity4483 ) with @entity2915 , and @entity4047 with inattention were notable. Opposition ratings were predicted by increased @entity1199 in @entity71 and @entity650 in control @entity1 . (2) In the CPT, @entity17090 related to motor measures and errors of commission, while @entity4047 was associated with errors of omission. @entity101 variability related to lower @entity310 , but to higher @entity379 levels. (3) @entity2340 metabolites were not significantly related to symptoms. But increased @entity2340 predicted errors of omission, its breakdown predicted errors of commission and @entity10594 levels related to faster RTs. CONCLUSIONS: Many associations were found across diagnostic groups even though they were more marked in one group. This confirms the quantitative trait nature of these features. Conceptually the relationships of the pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines distinguished between behaviours associated more with cognitive or more with motor control respectively. Further study should extend the number of immunological and metabolic markers to confirm or refute the trends reported here and examine their stability from childhood to adolescence in a longitudinal design.

title: XXXX ( @entity71 ) and glial integrity: an exploration of associations of cytokines and @entity10594 metabolites with symptoms and attention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Increased RT']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder of the combined type']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['Tryptophan', 'tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity10594 :: ('CHEBI:16946', 'Chemical') :: ['kynurenine']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'response time']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) @entity5254 by systematic eustachian tube (ET) obliteration at the time of a translabyrinthine @entity5513 ( @entity5513 ) excision and to evaluate its effect on the middle ear and on the tympanic membrane and if it is well tolerated by @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Tertiary care centre. @entity1 : Group 1 (57 @entity1 ) and group 2 (87 @entity1 ) underwent translabyrinthine @entity5513 excision with and without systematic ET obliteration, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Petrous apex pneumatization level and postoperative CSF leak were evaluated. Group 1 @entity1 had a late postoperative otologic examination, tympanometric test, Valsalva manoeuvre, and ear symptom evaluation. RESULTS: There were six cases of CSF @entity5254 in group 2, whereas no cases were observed in group 1 (p = .043), despite its larger @entity5 grade (p = .002). In group 2, CSF @entity5254 was absent at pneumatization level 1. Three of six CSF @entity5254 cases developed @entity693 . None of the 27 tested @entity1 of group 1 demonstrated a tympanic membrane retraction or a positive Valsalva manoeuvre. Tympanometry showed a type A curve (2 @entity1 ), a type As curve (14 @entity1 ), and a type B curve (11 @entity1 ). Air volumes and air pressures of the operated ears were lower than those of the nonoperated ears (p < .001). CONCLUSION: @entity1 of group 1 tolerated the procedure well, with preserved tympanic membrane compliance. Bidirectional air exchange throughout a normal middle ear mucosa explains this fact. We recommend obliteration of both the petrous apex cells and ET in all cases of petrous apex pneumatization levels 2 to 4.

title: Eustachian tube obliteration in translabyrinthine XXXX excision: @entity5254 and middle ear status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['VS', 'vestibular schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is generally believed that long-term use of antipsychotics increases mortality and, especially, the risk of @entity65 . However, there are no solid data to substantiate this view. METHODS: We identified all individuals in Sweden with @entity161 diagnoses before year 2006 (N = 21 492), aged 17-65 years, and @entity1 with first-episode @entity161 during the follow-up 2006-2010 (N = 1230). @entity1 information was prospectively collected through nationwide registers. Total and cause-specific mortalities were calculated as a function of cumulative antipsychotic exposure from January 2006 to December 2010. RESULTS: Compared with age- and gender-matched controls from the general population (N = 214920), the highest overall mortality was observed among @entity1 with no antipsychotic exposure (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.3, 95% CI: 5.5-7.3), ie, 0.0 @entity2794 ( @entity2794 )/day, followed by high exposure (>1.5 @entity2794 /day) group (HR = 5.7, 5.2-6.2), low exposure (<0.5 @entity2794 /day) group (HR = 4.1, 3.6-4.6), and moderate exposure (0.5-1.5 @entity2794 /day) group (HR = 4.0, 3.7-4.4). High exposure (HR = 8.5, 7.3-9.8) and no exposure (HR = 7.6, 5.8-9.9) were associated with higher cardiovascular mortality than either low exposure (HR = 4.7, 3.7-6.0) or moderate exposure (HR = 5.6, 4.8-6.6). The highest excess overall mortality was observed among first-episode @entity1 with no antipsychotic use (HR = 9.9, 5.9-16.6). CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 with @entity161 , the cumulative antipsychotic exposure displays a U-shaped curve for overall mortality, revealing the highest risk of @entity204 among those @entity1 with no antipsychotic use. These results indicate that both excess overall and cardiovascular mortality in @entity161 is attributable to other factors than antipsychotic treatment when used in adequate dosages.

title: Antipsychotic Treatment and Mortality in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['defined daily dose', 'DDD']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']