abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity1368 caused by an @entity1369 producing @entity5 (APA), is a potentially curable form of @entity101 , via unilateral adrenalectomy. Resolution of @entity101 ( @entity101 ) is not as prevalent after @entity5 resection, as are the normalization of @entity1369 secretion, @entity1371 , and other @entity209 . Here, we review the immediate and long-term medical outcomes of laparoscopic adrenalectomy in @entity1 with an APA, and attempt to identify any distinctive sex differences in the management of resistant @entity101 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of the prospective adrenal database at the University of Wisconsin between January 2001 and October 2010. Of the 165 adrenalectomies performed, 32 were for the resection of an APA. @entity1 were grouped according to their postoperative @entity101 status. Those @entity1 with normal blood pressure ( <=120/80 mm Hg) and on no antihypertensive medication (CURE) were compared with those who continued to require medication for blood pressure control ( @entity101 ). We evaluated sex, age, body mass index, @entity5 size, duration of time with @entity101 , and the differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure following adrenalectomy. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test. Statistical significance was defined as a P value of <0.05. RESULTS: We identified 32 @entity1 with an APA based on biochemical and radiographic studies, two @entity1 were excluded, due to missing data. There were 19 males (63%) and 11 (37%) females, with a mean age was 48.3    2.1 y, and mean @entity5 size was 24    3 mm. Postoperatively, @entity1 required significantly fewer antihypertensive medications (1.5    0.2 versus 3.3    0.3, P < 0.001). Nine @entity1 (31%) had complete resolution of their @entity101 , requiring no postoperative antihypertensive medication. The only significant difference between the sexes, was a lower body mass index in @entity1 (27.6    1.7 versus 33.4    2.1 kg/m(2), P = 0.04). Ninety percent of the cohort had at least a 20 mm Hg decline in their systolic blood pressure postoperatively, placing them in the prehypertensive or normal blood pressure categories. Sixty-six percent of the CURE @entity1 required at least 6 mo for resolution of their @entity101 . All 20 @entity1 who presented with @entity1371 , had immediate resolution postoperatively and did not require continuance of the preoperative @entity1482 or @entity972 supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for @entity1369 producing @entity652 results in the normalization of, or more readily manageable blood pressure in 90% of @entity1 , within 6 mo. @entity209 are immediately corrected with @entity5 resection. Weight is an important contributing factor in resolving @entity101 .

title: Persistent @entity101 after adrenalectomy for an @entity1369 -producing @entity652 : weight as a critical prognostic factor for XXXX 's lasting effect on the cardiac and vascular systems.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure', 'hypertension', 'HTN']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'adrenal tumor/aldosteronoma']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic disturbances', 'metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['aldosteronism']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone']

answer: @entity1369 :: (MESH:D000450,Chemical) :: ['aldosterone']


abstract: Smoking has been associated with several concerns in pregnancy including miscarriage, @entity3152 and @entity2209 . Unfortunately, approximately 12% of the pregnant population continue to smoke cigarettes, suggesting a need for additional therapy beyond behavioural change. This paper reviews the literature on the use of @entity1239 replacement therapy and @entity752 (Zyban(R)) in the pregnant @entity1 population, the pharmacokinetics of @entity1239 in the pregnant @entity1 , and current guidelines for smoking cessation for pregnant @entity1 . There are currently four studies that have investigated the use of @entity1239 patch, three for @entity1239 gum, and registry and preliminary reports for @entity752 . These studies did not show any adverse pregnancy outcomes with the use of pharmacological aid for smoking cessation. All the @entity1239 replacement therapy studies, with the exception of one randomized-controlled @entity1239 patch trial had small sample sizes and looked at short-term use of drug in the third trimester. Two studies have examined the pharmacokinetics of @entity1239 in the pregnant @entity1 . The results from these studies reveal greater @entity1239 metabolism in pregnant individuals who continue to smoke during pregnancy. Current guidelines from several organizations uniformly recommend that @entity1239 Replacement Therapy should be considered if non-pharmacological therapies have been unsuccessful. @entity752 is recommended in pregnancy if the benefits outweigh the risks. There is a need for further studies on the safety and effectiveness of @entity1239 Replacement therapy and @entity752 in pregnancy. However, considering the current research and guidelines, pharmacological cessation aids should be considered if non-pharmacological therapies have not been effective.

title: Pharmacological treatment for pregnant XXXX who smoke cigarettes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirth']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity752 :: ('MESH:D016642', 'Chemical') :: ['Bupropion', 'bupropion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: 1. @entity619 ( @entity9170 )-induced @entity101 is characterized by @entity409 associated with @entity842 (NO) deficiency and increased @entity224 ( @entity3612 ) production. @entity2993 ( @entity4448 ) possesses pleiotropic properties that have been reported to improve endothelial function through increased availability of NO and reduced @entity3612 production in various forms of @entity101 . In the present study, we investigated whether 50 mg/kg per day, p.o., @entity4448 could prevent endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) downregulation and the increase in @entity3612 in Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 , thereby reducing blood pressure. 2. Male SD @entity35 (n = 30) were treated with @entity4448 (50 mg/kg per day in drinking water) or tap water for 15 days. @entity619 (10 microg/kg per day, s.c.) or saline was started after 4 days in @entity4448 -treated and non-treated @entity35 and continued for 11-13 days. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured on alternate days using the tail-cuff method. Endothelial function was assessed by @entity934 -induced vasorelaxation and @entity2647 -induced vasoconstriction in aortic segments. Vascular eNOS mRNA was assessed by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. 3. In @entity35 treated with @entity9170 alone, SBP was increased from 109 +/- 2 to 133 +/- 2 mmHg on Days 4 and Day 14, respectively (P < 0.001). In the @entity4448 + @entity9170 group, SBP was increased from 113 +/- 2 to 119 +/- 2 mmHg on Days 4 to 14, respectively (P < 0.001), but was significantly lower than SBP in the group treated with @entity9170 alone (P < 0.05). Endothelial-dependent relaxation and eNOS mRNA expression were greater in the @entity9170 + @entity4448 group than in the @entity9170 only group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Aortic @entity224 production was lower in the @entity9170 + @entity4448 group compared with the group treated with @entity9170 alone (P < 0.0001). 4. Treatment with @entity4448 improved endothelial function, reduced @entity224 production and reduced SBP in @entity9170 -treated SD @entity35 .

title: Anti-oxidant effects of @entity2993 in XXXX -induced @entity101 in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['Atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: To date, June 1, 1986, 33 @entity306 ( @entity306 ) @entity1 have taken part in a double blind study testing the safety and efficacy of chronic cerebellar stimulation (CCS) for reduction of @entity508 and improvement in function. Seven U.S. surgical centers involving ten neurosurgeons have implanted the Neurolith 601 cerebellar stimulator supplied by Pacesetter Systems Inc. (Sylmar, CA). A pilot study was run with three @entity1 at Stanford University (Stanford, CA) using taped-on real (strong) and dummy (weak) magnets to control the ON-OFF status. Following the pilot study, a magnetically controllable switch was placed in line between the Neurolith stimulator and the cerebellar lead to allow more reliable switching sequences for the study. The test battery included joint angle measurements (passive and active), motor performance testing, reaction time, hand dynamometry, grooved peg board placement, hand/foot tapping, and rotary pursuit testing. Testing only was done at presurgery. Testing and ON-OFF switching was performed following recovery from surgery and at one, two, and four months. After four months, the switch was left turned ON. Of the 30 @entity1 using the implanted switch, 11 were dropped from the study and seven are still in progress. Of the 11 dropped from the study, four were due to switch problems and three were due to double blind protocol violations, i.e., the @entity1 discovered the stimulus status. The remaining four were removed because of a broken lead, @entity281 , or unrelated medical problems, or refusal to participate after implant. A preliminary analysis indicated that three-quarters of the @entity1 have a demonstrable quantitative improvement during the time the stimulation was "ON." Three @entity1 showed no significant change.

title: Cerebellar stimulation for XXXX : preliminary report; on-going double blind study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['spastic cerebral palsy', 'CP']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['spastic cerebral palsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1313 can be managed conservatively or using surgery, radiation, or medicines. While randomized comparisons assessing @entity5 recurrence, quality of life, or survival are the ideal means of comparing treatments, it can be difficult to recruit @entity1 to such trials and lengthy follow-up periods are needed because of the slowly progressive natural history of these @entity5 . METHODS: Review of the literature on benign adult @entity1313 using evidence-based standards and focusing on @entity1653 , @entity977 , and @entity5513 , which together represent the majority of WHO grade 1 adult @entity1313 . RESULTS: Nearly all studies of benign adult @entity1313 were of relatively poor quality (level 3 or poorer). These studies enable grade C recommendations. The safety of @entity1653 surgery in the elderly varies with institution, radiosurgery is a reliable alternative to surgery in small to medium-sized @entity1653 , and the efficacy of drugs in therapy of @entity1653 recurring after surgery is difficult to interpret due to a lack of uniform criteria in the studies. Radiosurgery is effective in nonfunctional @entity977 recurring after surgery, while phototherapy is a newer treatment modality with potential benefits in @entity977 that fail surgery or radiation. @entity5513 can be conservatively managed, but there are no reliable predictors of growth, so serial imaging is important. Radiosurgery has proven to be a reliable alternative to surgery for small to medium-sized @entity5513 , but followup has been relatively short in most studies to date. CONCLUSIONS: While randomized clinical trials comparing conservative management, surgery, radiation, and medical management of benign adult benign @entity5 are unlikely to occur, there is some level 3 evidence that can assist in their treatment.

title: XXXX : an evidence-based medicine review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannomas', 'Vestibular schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['Benign adult brain tumors', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['Benign adult brain tumors']


abstract: @entity944 ( @entity944 ) is the most common cause of @entity204 in intractable @entity302 , but physiological mechanisms that lead to @entity944 are unknown. @entity3148 ( @entity3148 ) is an infantile-onset @entity302 caused by heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the @entity30196 gene, which encodes brain type-I voltage-gated @entity1372 channel NaV1.1. We studied the mechanism of premature @entity204 in @entity30196 heterozygous KO @entity19 and conditional brain- and cardiac-specific KOs. Video monitoring demonstrated that @entity944 occurred immediately following generalized @entity410 . A history of multiple @entity410 was a strong risk factor for @entity944 . Combined video-electroencephalography-electrocardiography revealed suppressed interictal resting heart-rate variability and episodes of ictal @entity1168 associated with the tonic phases of generalized @entity410 . Prolonged @entity3897 -sensitive ictal @entity1168 preceded @entity944 . Similar studies in conditional KO @entity19 demonstrated that brain, but not cardiac, KO of @entity30196 produced cardiac and @entity944 phenotypes similar to those found in @entity3148 @entity19 . @entity3897 or @entity18235 treatment reduced the incidence of ictal @entity1168 and @entity944 in @entity3148 @entity19 . These findings suggest that @entity944 is caused by apparent parasympathetic @entity2915 immediately following @entity410 in @entity3148 @entity19 , which leads to lethal @entity1168 and electrical dysfunction of the ventricle. These results have important implications for prevention of @entity944 in @entity3148 @entity1 .

title: Sudden unexpected @entity204 in a XXXX model of @entity3148 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['SUDEP', 'Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity18235 :: ('MESH:D019832', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies', 'intractable epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine', 'Atropine']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['Dravet syndrome', 'DS']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: In order to develop a systemically administered safe and effective nonviral gene delivery system against @entity1323 virus (AIV) that induced cytokine expression, the @entity40522 ) gene of AIV, A/Ck/Malaysia/5858/04 (H5N1) and green fluorescent protein were cloned into a coexpression vector pIRES (pIREGFP-H5) and formulated using green synthesis of @entity575 nanoparticles (AgNPs) with @entity968 and transfected into primary duodenal cells taken from 18-day-old specific-pathogen-free @entity1573 embryos. The AgNPs were prepared using moderated temperature and characterized for particle size, surface charge, ultraviolet-visible spectra, DNA loading, and stability. AgNPs and AgNP-pIREGFP-H5 were prepared in the size range of 13.9 nm and 25 nm with a positive charge of +78    0.6 mV and +40    6.2 mV, respectively. AgNPs with a positive surface charge could encapsulate pIREGFP-H5 efficiently. The ultraviolet-visible spectra for AgNP-pIREGFP-H5 treated with DNase I showed that the AgNPs were able to encapsulate pIREGFP-H5 efficiently. Polymerase chain reaction showed that AgNP-pIREGFP-H5 entered into primary duodenal cells rapidly, as early as one hour after transfection. Green fluorescent protein expression was observed after 36 hours, peaked at 48 hours, and remained stable for up to 60 hours. In addition, green fluorescent protein expression generally increased with increasing DNA concentration and time. Cells were transfected using Lipocurax in vitro transfection reagent as a positive control. A multiplex quantitative mRNA gene expression assay in the transfected primary duodenal cells via the transfection reagent and AgNPs with pIREGFP-H5 revealed expression of @entity17023 , @entity40523 , and @entity40524 .

title: Gene expression profiles in primary duodenal XXXX cells following transfection with @entity1323 virus H5 DNA plasmid encapsulated in @entity575 nanoparticles.

entities_list: @entity1323 :: ('MESH:D005585', 'Disease') :: ['avian influenza']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ethylene glycol)']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Knowledge of the early oral colonization patterns could provide a better understanding of oral biofilm development and disease initiation that in turn could be the basis for early preventive programmes. METHODS: Microbial samples were collected from five different oral habitats from a total of 93 @entity1 (age 3-12 years), attending the Dental School of the University of Athens, who were split into three age groups. A total of 38 microbial species were sought out by the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique. RESULTS: All of the test species, except Parvimonas micra and @entity2523 , differed significantly among sample locations providing quite distinct microbial profiles for the different oral surfaces. @entity527 had similar profiles and exhibited higher proportions of Actinomyces species and Green complex while soft tissue samples were dominated by streptococci of the Yellow complex. The profiles of the tongue dorsum and saliva were also similar. Many of the species were in similar proportions in all three age groups for a given location. Periodontal pathogens showed increases in proportions with increasing age. Specifically, the Red complex species ( @entity3289 , @entity2523 , @entity14148 ) showed a significant increase in proportion with age (P < 0.05) in all sample locations. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed a pattern of colonization in @entity1 similar to that previously found in adults. Differences in the profile between age groups suggest a gradual maturation of the oral microbiota, with it being made up of an increasing number of Orange and Red complex species.

title: The microbiota on different oral surfaces in healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['Supragingival and subgingival plaque']

entities_list: @entity14148 :: ('158', 'Species') :: ['Treponema denticola']

entities_list: @entity3289 :: ('28112', 'Species') :: ['Tannerella forsythia']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity7824 are rare, relatively benign @entity2504 composed of uniform round cells with neuronal differentiation. The majority of previously reported @entity7824 did not recurr after @entity5 removal and the @entity1 had favorable postoperative outcomes. Only a few cases with malignant histopathology or malignant behavior have been noted. @entity7824 is a new entity that was first described in the literature in 1997. The @entity5 have been noted to exhibit a Ki-67 labeling index of 2% or more, or vascular proliferation, mitoses, and @entity39 , or both. Atypical histologic findings are usually associated with a somewhat less favorable clinical course and requires postoperative radiotherapy. We report a unique case of a 33-year-old @entity1 with a large @entity1757 . The characteristic histopathologic picture, the immunoreactivity for both @entity5473 and @entity3508 , and the ultrastructural features of neuronal differentiation distinguished it from @entity424 and @entity3271 . The mitotic activity (up to 3 mitoses/10 high power field) and the high percentage of Ki-67-staining @entity5 cells (labeling index, 5.0%) in our case were consistent with the atypical @entity7824 . The @entity1 underwent craniotomy and partial resection of the @entity5 . Unfortunately, he died of @entity1276 and @entity2657 , the next day.

title: XXXX : report of a case.

entities_list: @entity2504 :: ('MESH:D002551', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular central neurocytoma']

entities_list: @entity7824 :: ('MESH:D018306', 'Disease') :: ['Central neurocytomas', 'variant of central neurocytoma', 'Atypical central neurocytoma', 'central neurocytomas']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity7824 :: (MESH:D018306,Disease) :: ['Atypical central neurocytoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Precise quantification of overdiagnosis of @entity0 (defined as the percentage of cases of @entity5 that would not have become clinically apparent in a @entity1 's lifetime without screening) due to mammography screening has been hampered by lack of valid comparison groups that identify incidence trends attributable to screening versus those due to temporal trends in incidence. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the percentage of overdiagnosis of @entity0 attributable to mammography screening. DESIGN: @entity0 incidence with and without screening. SETTING: A nationwide mammography screening program in Norway (inviting @entity1 aged 50 to 69 years), gradually implemented from 1996 to 2005. @entity1 : The Norwegian female population. MEASUREMENTS: Concomitant incidence of @entity0 from 1996 to 2005 in counties where the screening program was implemented compared with that in counties where the program was not yet implemented. To adjust for changes in temporal trends in @entity0 incidence, incidence rates during the preceding decade were also examined. The percentage of overdiagnosis was calculated by accounting for the expected decrease in incidence following cessation of screening after age 69 years (approach 1) and by comparing incidence in the current screening group with incidence among @entity1 2 and 5 years older in the historical screening groups, accounting for average lead time (approach 2). RESULTS: A total of 39,888 @entity1 with @entity0 were included, 7793 of whom were diagnosed after the screening program started. The estimated rate of overdiagnosis attributable to the program was 18% to 25% (P < 0.001) for approach 1 and 15% to 20% (P < 0.001) for approach 2. Thus, 15% to 25% of cases of @entity5 are overdiagnosed, translating to 6 to 10 @entity1 overdiagnosed for every 2500 @entity1 invited. LIMITATION: The study was registry-based. CONCLUSION: Mammography screening entails a substantial amount of overdiagnosis. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Norwegian Research Council and Frontier Science.

title: Overdiagnosis of XXXX due to mammography screening: results from the Norwegian screening program.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'Comparison of invasive breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['invasive breast cancer']


abstract: The subunit structure of the cytochrome P-450 from @entity291 adrenocortical mitochondria responsible for the conversion of @entity165 to @entity3333 (side-chain cleavage) has been studied. Isoelectric focusing in 6 M urea reveals two fractions of identical @entity535 composition which differ in apparent isoelectric points and in phospholipid content: fraction SI shows 0.6-1.8 nmol phospholipid per 53 000 daltons and pI approx. 4.0; SII shows 6.6-8.9 nmol phospholipid per 53 000 daltons and pI approx. 7.0. SII can be made to behave on isoelectric focusing like SI by removal of phospholipid and SI like SII when the extracted phospholipid is added to the protein (SI). Enzymatic activity can be restored to SII by addition of @entity1446 and to SI by addition of @entity1446 together with the phospholipid extracted from P-450 from the fractions SI and SII. This phospholipid contains at least four classes of phospholipid of which two have been tentatively identified as @entity2434 and @entity3633 . A variety of phospholipids from commercial sources do not permit reconstitution of enzyme activity. Evidence is presented to show that minor contaminants seen on @entity2975 SDS gels are not essential for enzyme activity nor do they appear greatly to influence enzymatic activity. The possible role of phospholipid in reconstituting cytochrome P-450 activity is considered.

title: Side-chain cleavage P-450 from XXXX adrenocortical mitochondria. Reconstitution of enzyme activity.

entities_list: @entity3333 :: ('MESH:D011284', 'Chemical') :: ['pregnenolone']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity3633 :: ('MESH:C483858', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Treatment of @entity931 with @entity2692 intrauterine system (LNG IUS) and transcervical resection. DESIGN: An open, therapeutic, randomized study. SETTING: Central county hospital specializing in hysteroscopy. @entity1 (S): Two parallel groups of 30 subjects each. INTERVENTION(S): Thirty @entity1 had a LNG IUS inserted within the first 7 days of menses; 29 @entity1 underwent endometrial resection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): A 12-month follow-up of menstrual @entity190 and adverse events were evaluated. RESULT(S): LNG IUS group: 13 @entity1 reported one or more pelvic adverse events, @entity3459 (n = 6), @entity490 (n = 4), breast tenderness (n = 3), @entity10 , acne (n = 2), and mood changes (n = 1). Six @entity1 discontinued treatment because of irregular @entity548 (n = 3), @entity158 (n = 2), and acne (n = 1). In both groups, general feeling of genital health increased with Visual Analogue Scale score. Nine @entity1 reported adverse events. This included pelvic @entity158 indicating @entity32 (n = 4), @entity548 (n = 3), @entity365 (n = 1), and @entity1066 (n = 1). Treatment success at 12 months was achieved in 20 (67%) of the 30 @entity1 in the LNG IUS group and in 26 (90%) of the 29 @entity1 in the transcervical resection group. Adverse events were more often reported in the LNG IUS group. CONCLUSION(S): Both treatments effectively reduced the menstrual @entity190 . Furthermore, the LNG IUS treatment is reversible and has no operative hazards.

title: Treatment of XXXX with the @entity2692 intrauterine system versus endometrial resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity2692 :: ('MESH:D016912', 'Chemical') :: ['levonorgestrel']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding disorders']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginitis']

answer: @entity931 :: (MESH:D008595,Disease) :: ['menorrhagia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The clinical management of the neck of @entity1 with early-stage oral @entity1544 (OSCC) is still controversially discussed in the current literature. This study analyzes histo-clinical factors influencing the occurrence of cervical lymph node metastases (CM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective mono-center study, @entity1 with a primary @entity7279 OSCC between 2000 and 2014 were analyzed regarding histo-clinical parameters possibly influencing the CM rate and the outcome. RESULTS: Two hundred eighty-five @entity1 (66  %) were male and 146 female (44  %), with a mean age of 60      12  years at the time of diagnosis. Seventy-seven percent showed a positive risk profile ( @entity1239 / @entity285 ) and 69  % underlying diseases. Forty-four percent of the @entity1 were staged as T2 (30  % with CM). Advanced @entity5 size (T1 vs. T2) and grading (G1-2 vs. G3) were statistically significantly (p  <  0.001) associated with the occurrence of CM. The localization within the oral cavity, age, gender, risk profile, or underlying diseases had no influence on CM occurrence. During the follow-up, @entity5 size (p  =  0.001), CM (p  <  0.001), and @entity5 relapse (p  <  0.001) were significantly associated with a worse outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Early-stage OSCC showed aggressive lymphatic metastatic behavior that depends on the size and the grading of the @entity5 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A watch-and-wait policy as the primary management for cN0 may likely be inferior to a selective neck dissection for this @entity1 group and should only be considered for very small @entity5 with a good differentiation.

title: Cervical metastases behavior of XXXX @entity1544 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer']

answer: @entity7279 :: (923,Gene) :: ['T1-2']


abstract: IgA @entity8 ( @entity6994 ) is characterized by the accumulation of IgA deposits, predominantly in the glomerular mesangium, and represents the most common form of @entity631 . Much evidence showed that tonsils were closely related to @entity6994 . Urinary findings were deteriorated after tonsil stimulation in @entity1 with @entity6994 . Tonsillectomy can improve the urinary findings, keep stable renal function, improve mesangial proliferation, decrease IgA deposits and have a favorable effect on long-term renal survival in some @entity6994 @entity1 . Recent studies indicate that @entity404 (+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) are of critical importance to the maintenance of tolerance by inhibiting the activation and proliferation of autoreactive T cells. Depletion of the minor @entity404 (+)CD25(+)Treg cells results in the development of organ-specific autoimmunity. @entity792 can be prevented by reconstitution of the animals with @entity404 (+)CD25(+)Treg cells. @entity404 (+)CD25(+)Treg cells are regulators in almost all of the animal models of @entity1 organ-specific diseases, transplant rejection and @entity56 . Some @entity1 with recurrent @entity102 have not suffered from @entity8 , implying that it is possible to find a balance between immunity and tolerance. Some @entity1 , however, suffered from @entity6994 along with recurrent @entity102 . It could be hypothesized that a numerical and/or functional deficit of @entity404 (+)CD25(+)Treg cells in the tonsils of @entity6994 @entity1 might trigger the development of the diseases. If the hypothesis is correct, altering @entity404 (+)CD25(+)Treg cell numbers and/or enhancing @entity404 (+)CD25(+)Treg responses might be useful in the prevention and treatment of @entity6994 .

title: Is IgA @entity8 induced by abnormalities of XXXX +CD25+Treg cells in the tonsils?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic tonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity represents a high risk factor for the development of @entity731 and is associated with a low-grade @entity32 and activation of immune cells. AIMS: The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of a short-term lipid infusion on immune cells in blood and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAAT) in @entity28 @entity1 . METHODS: Seven-hour intravenous lipid/control infusions were performed in two groups of @entity1 (n  =  15, n  =  10, respectively). Before and at the end of the infusion, SAAT and blood samples were obtained and relative content and phenotype of immune cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. Analysis of immune cell markers, @entity32 and angiogenesis markers was performed in SAAT by RT-PCR and in plasma by immunoassays. RESULTS: Relative content of @entity1195 +/14+ and @entity1195 +/14+/16+ populations of monocytes was reduced in circulation by 21% (p  =  0.004) and by 46% (p  =  0.0002), respectively, in response to @entity407 , which suggested the increased adhesion of these cells to endothelium. In line with this, the levels of sICAM and sVCAM in plasma were increased by 9.4% (p  =  0.016), 11.8% (p  =  0.008), respectively. In SAAT, the relative content of M2 monocyte/macrophages subpopulation @entity1195 +/14+/206+/16+ decreased by 27% (p  =  0.012) and subpopulations @entity5750 +/ @entity14452 - and @entity5750 /+ @entity2939 + cells increased (p  =  0.026; p  =  0.049, respectively). Intralipid infusion promoted an increase of mRNA levels in SAAT: RORC (marker of proinflammatory Th17 lymphocytes) by 43% (p  =  0.048), @entity2842 (78%, p  =  0.028) and @entity7 (68.5%, p  =  0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Acute @entity407 induces a proinflammatory and proatherogenic response associated with altered relative content of immune cells in blood and SAAT in @entity28 @entity1 .

title: Acute XXXX initiates proinflammatory and proatherogenic changes in circulation and adipose tissue in @entity28 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity407 :: (MESH:D006949,Disease) :: ['hyperlipidemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether @entity470 ( @entity470 ) pathway mutations predicted response to monotherapy with panitumumab, an anti- @entity470 monoclonal antibody, in a randomized phase III study of metastatic @entity14 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Using massively parallel multigene sequencing, we analyzed 320 samples for 9 genes, with multigene sequence data from 288 (90%) samples. RESULTS: Mutation rates were: @entity984 (45%), @entity8497 (5%), @entity817 (7%), @entity10160 (9%), @entity983 (6%), @entity876 (60%), @entity470 (1%), @entity584 (<1%), and @entity3546 (2%). In the randomized study and open-label extension, 22 of 138 (16%) wild-type @entity984 (codons 12/13/61) @entity1 versus 0 of 103 mutant @entity984 (codons 12/13) @entity1 had objective responses. Of 6 mutant @entity984 (codon 61) @entity1 , 1 with a @entity39921 mutation achieved partial response during the extension. Among wild-type @entity984 (codons 12/13/61) @entity1 , 0 of 9 @entity1 with @entity8497 mutations, 0 of 13 with @entity817 mutations, 2 of 10 with @entity10160 mutations, 1 of 9 with @entity983 mutations, and 1 of 2 with @entity3546 mutations responded to panitumumab. No @entity1 responded to best supportive care alone. Panitumumab treatment was associated with longer progression-free survival (PFS) among wild-type @entity984 (codons 12/13/61) @entity1 [HR, 0.39; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.28-0.56]. Among wild-type @entity984 @entity1 , a treatment effect for PFS favoring panitumumab occurred in @entity1 with wild-type @entity8497 (HR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.27-0.56) and wild-type @entity817 (HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.24-0.55) but not mutant @entity8497 (HR, 1.94; 95% CI, 0.44-8.44). CONCLUSIONS: These results show the feasibility and potential clinical use of next-generation sequencing for evaluating predictive biomarkers.

title: Massively parallel tumor multigene sequencing to evaluate response to panitumumab in a randomized phase III study of metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39921 :: ('p|SUB|Q|61|H', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Q61H']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We reviewed rheumatology consults over the last 10 years at a major @entity4207 medical center and used these data to revise our fellowship curriculum. METHODS: The medical records of all @entity1 consults from 1994 to 2003 at a university hospital were reviewed with regard to reason for consult, demographic data, and final rheumatologic diagnosis. For comparison we reviewed one year of data from our veterans hospital rheumatology consult service during this same period. RESULTS: A total of 1409 @entity1 were seen on the university hospital consult service between 1994 and 2003. The 5 top reasons for consultation in descending order were: @entity1333 , @entity1252 , @entity210 , @entity309 , and soft-tissue rheumatic conditions. Specific diagnoses within each category are presented. The number of consults increased significantly over the 10 year period when compared to total hospital admissions. A total of 163 inpatient consults were seen at our veterans hospital in 2001. @entity625 and noninflammatory regional musculoskeletal conditions were the top 2 reasons for consult requests. Many of these consults came from the primary care clinic and required a procedure or simple treatment plan. CONCLUSION: The rheumatology consultation service at our university hospital has become busier over the last 10 years. Since many of the @entity1 had complex problems, we have modified our curriculum approach in response to the information. The veterans hospital data suggest that part of our educational efforts might be directed toward the services requesting rheumatology consultation.

title: Evaluation of the activity of an XXXX rheumatology consult service over 10 years: using data to shape curriculum.

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Crystal arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity4207 :: (MESH:D007859,Disease) :: ['academic']


abstract: Allogeneic cell therapy as a means to break immunotolerance to solid @entity5 is increasingly used for @entity5 treatment. To investigate cellular alloimmune responses in a @entity1 @entity5 model, primary cultures were established from @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) tissues of 56 @entity1 . In three @entity1 with stable @entity1358 line and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical sibling donor available, allogeneic and autologous @entity1358 reactivities were compared using mixed lymphocyte/ @entity5 cell cultures (MLTC). Responding lymphocytes were exclusively @entity405 (+) T cells, whereas @entity404 (+) T cells or natural killer cells were never observed. Sibling MLTC populations showed higher proliferative and cytolytic antitumor responses compared with their autologous counterparts. The allo-MLTC responders originated from the @entity405 (+) @entity1196 (high)(+) peripheral blood subpopulation containing naive precursor and central memory T cells. Limiting dilution cloning failed to establish CTL clones from autologous MLTCs or @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes. In contrast, a broad panel of @entity1358 -reactive CTL clones was expanded from each allogeneic MLTC. These sibling CTL clones either recognized exclusively the @entity1358 line or cross-reacted with nonmalignant kidney cells of @entity1 origin. A minority of CTL clones also recognized @entity1 -derived hematopoietic cells or other allogeneic @entity5 targets. The MHC-restricting alleles for @entity1358 -reactive sibling CTL clones included HLA-A2, HLA-A3, HLA-A11, HLA-A24, and HLA-B7. In one sibling donor- @entity1358 pair, strongly proliferative CD3(+)CD16(+)CD57(+) CTL clones with non-HLA-restricted antitumor reactivity were established. Our results show superior @entity5 -reactive @entity405 responses of matched allogeneic compared with autologous T cells. These data encourage the generation of antitumor T-cell products from HLA-identical siblings and their potential use in adoptive immunotherapy of metastatic @entity1358 @entity1 .

title: Superior antitumor in vitro responses of allogeneic matched sibling compared with autologous @entity1 XXXX + T cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'original RCC tumor', 'RCC']

answer: @entity405 :: (925,Gene) :: ['CD8']


abstract: The 1G7-antigen is expressed by the infective metacyclic trypomastigote stage of the protozoan parasite @entity1527 . The 1G7-antigen is a 90-kDa glycoprotein, present at about 40,000 copies/cell, which is anchored in the plasma membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) membrane anchor. The glycan of the GPI anchor has been isolated from immunopurified 1G7-antigen and its structure determined using a combination of methylation linkage analysis and exoglycosidase sequencing. The structure of the glycan is @entity1 alpha 1-2 @entity1 alpha 1-2 @entity1 alpha 1-6 @entity1 alpha 1-4Glc @entity2733 . The @entity4823 residue is in glycosidic linkage to a @entity4357 moiety. The penultimate nonreducing alpha- @entity1 residue is substituted with @entity1391 , which is most likely part of an @entity2230 bridge linking the GPI anchor to the 1G7-antigen polypeptide. The glycan sequence was obtained from 1.1 nmol of glycoprotein isolated from a detergent lysate of whole cells. The procedures reported here represent a high sensitivity protocol for determining GPI glycan structures from small quantities of biological material. The structure of the 1G7-antigen GPI anchor is consistent with the conserved core structure of all GPI anchors analyzed to date and is similar to that of the @entity1527 lipopeptidophosphoglycan. The biosynthesis of GPI anchors and lipopeptidophosphoglycan in @entity1527 is discussed in the light of this structural homology.

title: Structural studies on the glycosylphosphatidylinositol membrane anchor of XXXX cruzi 1G7-antigen. The structure of the glycan core.

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi', 'T. cruzi']

entities_list: @entity4823 :: ('MESH:D005944', 'Chemical') :: ['glucosamine']

entities_list: @entity2230 :: ('MESH:C005448', 'Chemical') :: ['ethanolamine phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity1527 :: (5693,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the expression of chemokines and their signaling pathways after application of @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) to corneal fibroblasts. METHODS: Primary porcine and @entity1 corneal fibroblasts from passages 3 to 6 were treated with @entity1139 at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 mg/mL for 1, 2, 5, or 10 minutes. The relative expression of @entity687 ( @entity687 ) and @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) were investigated with reverse transcription, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effects of @entity1139 on the activation of kinases were analyzed by Western blot analysis with specific antiphosphokinase antibodies. The signaling pathways by which @entity1139 regulates the expression of @entity687 and @entity2842 were evaluated by pharmacological kinase-specific inhibitors. RESULTS: The expression of @entity687 and @entity2842 were upregulated after @entity1139 treatment in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the upregulated expression of @entity687 and @entity2842 increased with longer incubation time. @entity1139 treatment enhanced the phosphorylation of @entity1435 , @entity4675 , and @entity3963 at different time points. The @entity1139 -related @entity687 and @entity2842 expression was inhibited by both a @entity1435 inhibitor ( @entity1441 ) and an @entity3963 inhibitor ( @entity4286 ). A @entity4675 inhibitor ( @entity4287 ) reduced the expression of @entity1139 -induced @entity2842 but not of @entity687 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1139 treatment upregulated the expression of @entity687 and @entity2842 mRNA and protein secretion by the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in corneal fibroblasts.

title: @entity1138 upregulates @entity687 and XXXX chemokine expression via mitogen-activated protein kinases in corneal fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

answer: @entity2842 :: (6347,Gene) :: ['MCP-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) is a complex chronic inflammatory disease involving oxidative stress as well as a wide variety of cells activated from smoking cigarettes. There have been disappointingly few therapeutic advances in drug therapy for @entity1030 . Plant @entity6398 have been the topic of much research regarding their antioxidant activities and antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. In the present study, we ask whether apple @entity3978 provides protection against cigarette smoke (CS)-induced @entity647 . METHODS: ICR @entity19 were exposed to CS for 4 d with increasing exposure time for up to 6 h per day to elicit epithelial cells injury. One hour before smoke exposure, @entity19 were treated with apple @entity3978 ( @entity28476 ) by gavage; all examinations were performed 18 h after the last CS exposure. RESULTS: @entity28476 at 30, 100, or 300 mg not only significantly dose-dependently reduced the CS-induced accumulation of inflammatory cells and gene/protein expression of proinflammatory factors both in the lung and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, but also significantly reversed oxidative stress in the lungs. Additionally, treatment with @entity28476 also significantly regulated the CS-induced imbalance of matrix metalloproteinases-9/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 expression in the lungs. To investigate further the possible signaling pathway of @entity28476 effects, we examined protein expression of p-P38 MAPK by immunohistochemistry that found treatment with @entity28476 significantly decreased the CS-induced increases of p-P38 expression in the lungs. CONCLUSION: Taken together, @entity28476 may be a potential dietary nutrient supplement agent to improve quality of life of @entity1030 @entity1 by inhibiting CS-exposed @entity647 via P38 MAPK signaling pathway.

title: Apple XXXX protects against cigarette smoke-induced @entity647 .

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity3978 :: (CHEBI:26195,Chemical) :: ['polyphenol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the changing incidence of and mortality from @entity320 in Scotland from 1979 to 1994. DESIGN: Detailed registration of clinical and pathological features, surgical and other treatment, and follow up of all cases of @entity320 diagnosed from 1979 to 1994 and registered with specialist database for Scotland. SETTING: Scotland. SUBJECTS: 6288 @entity1 with invasive primary @entity320 diagnosed between 1 January 1979 and 31 December 1994. RESULTS: The annual age standardised incidence of @entity320 rose significantly from 3.5 to 7.8 per 100,000 per year in @entity1 and from 6.8 to 12.3 per 100,000 per year in @entity1 (P < 0.001 for both). World standardised rates increased from 2.7 to 6.0 per 100,000 per year in @entity1 and 4.6 to 8.50 per 100,000 in @entity1 . The incidence of @entity320 continued to increase significantly in @entity1 of all ages during the study, but the rate stabilised in @entity1 after 1986. Mortality from @entity320 was 1.3 per million per annum in @entity1 in 1979, rising to 2.3 per million per annum in 1994 (P < 0.01); it was 2.4 per million per annum in @entity1 in 1979, falling to 1.9 per million per annum in 1994 (P = 0.09). The underlying mortality trends showed a continuing rise for @entity1 but a downward trend for @entity1 that was not significant (P = 0.09). In @entity1 , @entity320 free survival was 69% at 5 years and 61% at 10 years; in @entity1 the corresponding rates were 82% and 75%. Younger @entity1 had higher survival rates, which were not entirely explained by thinner @entity5 . Over the 15 year period, survival rates improved by 12% overall, only partly owing to thinner @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: In Scotland the incidence of @entity320 in @entity1 has stabilised, while mortality associated with @entity320 in @entity1 shows a downward trend.

title: @entity320 in Scotland: incidence, survival, and mortality, 1979-94. The XXXX Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'cutaneous malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Scottish Melanoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Necrotizing soft tissue injury (NSTI) is rare with an impressively difficult and dangerous clinical course. While the importance of nutrition as part of the treatment plan for NSTI is recognized as essential to recovery, specific recommendations have not been elucidated. A review of the evidence-based guidelines and published research to accomplish wound healing is presented. The nutrition considerations in the setting of organ failure are also discussed. This article outlines a complicated case of a septic, malnourished @entity1 with @entity18450 and @entity810 . Protein loss from exudate extracted from a negative-pressure vacuum helped estimate the amount of protein needed to accomplish wound healing and guide clinical care. Development of @entity810 resulted in protein restriction at the request of the consulting renal service. This restriction led to insufficient protein intake to meet needs required for wound healing as evidenced by a @entity1568 balance study and analysis of wound exudate. The estimated daily protein losses through the wound were within 11-26 g protein (2-4 g @entity1568 ) per day. Inclusion of wound exudate @entity1568 loss in @entity1568 balance analyses helped resolve conflicting treatment approaches. Estimating @entity393 from wound exudate allows for individualization of protein requirements.

title: The Need to Feed: Balancing Protein Need in a Critically Ill XXXX With @entity18450 .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity18450 :: ('MESH:D018934', 'Disease') :: ["Fournier's gangrene"]

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['protein loss']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hibernating @entity1562 (HM) is viable but dysfunctional @entity1562 which can recover following revascularization. Myocyte @entity39 is virtually absent in HM; however, cellular loss may take place by apoptosis, although this is controversial. AIM: To assess the presence of apoptosis and its relevance in HM. METHODS: During coronary artery by-pass surgery (CABG), 21 @entity1 underwent transmural biopsy in the dysfunctional left anterior descending artery tributary area of the left ventricle (LV), with kinetic recovery at follow-up, thus fulfilling the HM criteria. All @entity1 underwent echocardiographic follow-up at 12 months. All biopsies were evaluated by light microscopy, electron microscopy (EM), and molecular analysis. RESULTS: All biopsies were structurally altered, showing increased @entity82 and myocytes with variable size. Myocyte dedifferentiation was not detected by immunohistochemistry or EM. On stepwise linear regression, 1 year LVEF was predicted by the apoptotic index (beta=-0.973, p=0.002), the normotrophic cell percentage (beta=0.449, p=0.038), and mean @entity82 (beta=-0.412, p=0.51). CONCLUSIONS: Our biopsy study detected a wide range of morphological substrate heterogeneity in HM with degenerative features. We have demonstrated for the first time in @entity1 that myocyte apoptosis is an important phenomenon in HM, negatively influencing LV functional recovery after CABG.

title: Relevance of apoptosis in influencing recovery of hibernating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity1562 :: (MESH:D017682,Disease) :: ['myocardium']


abstract: The changes in glucagon receptors of white adipocytes from cold-acclimated @entity35 were investigated to know the metabolic role of glucagon in cold acclimation by establishing a glucagon radioreceptor assay system for isolated white adipocytes. Glucagon radioreceptor assay methodology The binding of 125I-labelled glucagon to isolated epididymal white adipocytes was linearly related to the number of cells (0.5-2.0 X 10(5) cells/ml) added in the medium. At a cell concentration higher than 3.0 X 10(5) cells/ml, the amount of specific binding failed to show the proportional relationship to the number of adipocytes. The effects of incubation temperature (4 degrees C, 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C) on the glucagon binding were investigated. Incubation at 25 degrees C was adopted in the present study because of the highest maximum binding and the longest steady state obtained. Preincubation at 25 degrees C for 15 min increased significantly the amount of specific binding. It was confirmed that @entity3637 , @entity23186 antibiotics, inhibited significantly the degradation of glucagon. The glucagon binding under these conditions was found to be saturable and reversible, validating a specific reaction for the @entity19365 . When a Scatchard plot was constructed, the data was curvilinear with an upward concavity, indicating the presence of at least two classes of binding site with different fixed affinities or of negatively cooperative interactions between receptors. It was concluded that an appropriate condition for @entity19365 assay of white adipocytes consists of cell concentration of 1 X 10(5) cells/ml, 15 minute-preincubation and 30 minute-reaction at 25 degrees C in the presence of @entity3637 (1 mg/ml). Effect of cold acclimation on glucagon receptors of white adipocytes Cold acclimation decreased the size and increased the number of epididymal white adipocytes. Cold acclimation increased the number of glucagon receptors of white adipocytes; about 140% increase expressed as per cell, approximately 260% increase per unit of surface area and 210% increase per whole tissue. The affinity of binding sites was not changed. The increased binding sites could explain, at least partly, the enhanced metabolic response of cold-acclimated @entity35 to glucagon.

title: [Studies on adipocyte XXXX assay--with special reference to the effect of cold acclimation on glucagon receptors of white adipocytes].

entities_list: @entity3637 :: ('MESH:D001414', 'Chemical') :: ['bacitracin']

entities_list: @entity23186 :: ('CHEBI:15841', 'Chemical') :: ['polypeptide']

answer: @entity19365 :: (24953(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['glucagon receptor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term effectiveness of the Internet-based @entity413 monitoring system (IBGMS) on @entity413 control in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled trial in 80 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 for 30 months. The intervention group was treated with the IBGMS, while the control group made conventional office visits only. @entity4051 c ( @entity3916 ) was performed at 3-month intervals. For measuring of the stability of @entity413 control, the SD value of @entity3916 levels for each subject was used as the @entity3916 fluctuation index (HFI). RESULTS: The mean @entity3916 and HFI were significantly lower in the intervention group (n = 40) than in the control group (n = 40). ( @entity3916 [mean +/- SD] 6.9 +/- 0.9 vs. 7.5 +/- 1.0%, P = 0.009; HFI 0.47 +/- 0.23 vs. 0.78 +/- 0.51, P = 0.001; intervention versus control groups, respectively). @entity1 in the intervention group with a basal @entity3916 >or=7% (n = 27) had markedly lower @entity3916 levels than corresponding @entity1 in the control group during the first 3 months and maintained more stable levels throughout the study (P = 0.022). Control @entity1 with a basal @entity3916 <7% (n = 15) showed the characteristic bimodal distribution of @entity3916 levels, whereas the @entity3916 levels in the intervention group remained stable throughout the study with low HFI. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term use of the IBGMS has proven to be superior to conventional @entity6 care systems based on office visits for controlling blood @entity413 and achieving @entity413 stability.

title: Long-term effect of the Internet-based XXXX monitoring system on HbA1c reduction and @entity413 stability: a 30-month follow-up study for @entity6 management with a ubiquitous medical care system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study proposed to prospectively evaluate safety and clinical changes in outpatient endovascular treatment in @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ) and chronic @entity4096 (CCSVI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred fifty-nine @entity1 with @entity15 were followed with the @entity15 Impact Scale (MSIS-29) before and for 1 and 6 months after treatment of extracranial internal jugular vein and azygos vein stenoses and occlusions using venous angioplasty, as well as stent placement in 2.5% of @entity1 . Before treatment, the @entity1 were tested with magnetic resonance (MR) venography and flow quantification. RESULTS: We found statistically significant improvements in the MSIS-29 scores (P < .01) at both 1 and 6 months. At 1 and 6 months, 67.9% and 53.6% were improved on the physical scale, respectively, and 53.0% and 44.4% were improved on the psychological scale, respectively. @entity1 showed greater improvement than did @entity1 on the physical scale at 6 months (P = .01). @entity1 with primary progressive @entity15 (PPMS) showed less improvement than did those with relapsing-remitting @entity15 (RRMS) on the psychological scale at 1 month, and venoplasty treatment of more vein sites versus fewer vein sites showed greater improvement on the physical scale at both 1 and 6 months. Fifteen @entity1 (6.3%) reported recurrent symptoms after clinical improvement and were treated again. There was one serious adverse event, a @entity1150 at the catheter insertion site, which resolved with treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular treatment of CCSVI in @entity1 with @entity15 appears to be a safe procedure resulting in significant clinical improvement.

title: Clinical improvement after extracranial venoplasty in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal venous insufficiency']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: Tryptase and @entity3920 were localized in @entity1 mast cells by immunoelectron microscopy, enabling the T (tryptase positive, @entity3920 negative) and TC (tryptase positive, @entity3920 positive) types of mast cells to be identified and ultrastructurally characterized. A double immunogold staining procedure was performed on samples of @entity1 skin, small intestine, and lung with rabbit polyclonal IgG anti- @entity3920 and mouse monoclonal IgG anti-tryptase primary antibodies and gold-conjugated secondary antibodies. Approximately 225 mast cells were examined in this fashion; comparable sections from 170 of these mast cells along with approximately 200 additional mast cells also were examined using techniques optimized for ultrastructural detail. Each secretory granule of TC mast cells contained both tryptase and @entity3920 ; secretory granules of T mast cells stained strongly positive for tryptase alone. Extremely small amounts of @entity3920 appeared to be present in an occasional T mast cell granule. Staining for the neutral proteases was more intense over electron-dense regions of the granules, particularly noticeable over the characteristic discrete scrolls of T mast cells. T and TC mast cells each had large numbers of cytoplasmic granules, nuclei with peripherally condensed chromatin and low nuclear/cytoplasmic ratios, indicating maturity of both cell types. TC mast cell granules generally were more uniformly electron dense, larger and more numerous than T mast cell granules, which were more variable in shape. Compact solid-core scrolls, peripheral parallel lamellae and amorphous electron-dense material were found in granules of both cell types. Only TC mast cells had granules with grating and lattice substructures; only T mast cells had granules containing discrete scrolls. Less commonly, T mast cells were detected containing granules with a characteristic beaded or particulate ultrastructure. The ultrastructural features noted above were observed in T and TC mast cells regardless of the tissue in which they were examined and thereby permit T and TC mast cells to be distinguished by ultrastructure alone.

title: Ultrastructural analysis of XXXX T and TC mast cells identified by immunoelectron microscopy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1717 ( @entity1717 ) is considered the most common cause of persistent @entity4053 . The aim of this study is to compare laparoscopic pancreatectomy with open pancreatectomy for @entity1717 in one center regarding feasibility, safety, and effectiveness. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted for @entity1 managed for @entity1717 with either laparoscopic or open pancreatectomy for the period from 2001 to 2007 at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). Demographic and clinical data were retrieved. Continuous variables were reported as means, and categorical variables were reported as proportions for each group. Means were compared using Student's t test, and proportions were compared using chi(2) test or Fisher's Exact test where appropriate. A P value less than .05 was considered statistically significant. The study proposal was approved by the Clinical Research Committee and the Research Ethics Committee at our institution. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 were managed with pancreatectomy for @entity1717 for that period: 10 laparoscopic and 8 open. The 2 groups were comparable regarding age and weight at surgery, sex, procedure duration, hospital stay postoperatively, need for reoperation, and development of @entity6 and mental delay. Extent of resection was significantly higher in the open group (P value = .02), and the laparoscopic group was fed significantly earlier (P value = .001). The mean follow-up for the laparoscopic and the open groups were 20.4 months and 46 months, respectively (P value = .004). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic pancreatectomy for @entity1717 is safe and feasible. Our data suggest its effectiveness compared to the open approach.

title: Laparoscopic vs open pancreatectomy for persistent hyperinsulinemic XXXX of infancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['Persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy', 'PHHI']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia']


abstract: AIM: It is often difficult and challenging task to differentiate @entity2150 ( @entity2150 ) from @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) among the @entity1 with @entity236 . This is possibly because of the considerable clinical, cytological and histological similarities between these two disorders. As prognostic and therapeutic approach to @entity2150 and @entity2590 are different, it is imperative to differentiate them at the time of initial diagnosis. Various attempts have been made in the past to differentiate @entity2150 from @entity2590 . In the present study, we explored the value of certain new parameters i.e. S-phase fraction ( @entity10359 ) and @entity2007 that could be used for this purpose. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 46 consecutive @entity1 with @entity2150 , 15 @entity1 with @entity2590 along with 32 age and sex-matched control subjects. S-phase fraction and @entity2007 analysis was carried out by flow cytometry using Mod Fit-LT V3.0 software. RESULTS: The mean @entity10359 value was significantly lower (p=0.02) in @entity1 with @entity2150 and higher (p=0.01) in @entity2590 as compared to that of the control. @entity2007 was present in 15.2% @entity1 with @entity2150 and in 33.3% @entity2590 cases. During follow-up, 4 @entity1 with @entity2150 developed @entity4289 , out of these, three @entity1 had @entity2007 as well as high @entity10359 value at the time of diagnosis. Two @entity1 with @entity2590 who had @entity2007 and high @entity10359 , converted into AML. Eleven @entity1 died during the study, in whom 8 had @entity2007 and high @entity10359 value. CONCLUSION: We conclude that high @entity10359 value and presence of @entity2007 favour the diagnosis of @entity2590 rather than @entity2150 . @entity10359 and @entity2007 may be important parameters in @entity1 with @entity2150 to predict their propensity to evolve into @entity2590 and @entity3052 . @entity10359 value may also be useful in the early diagnosis of @entity2590 before morphologically evidence of @entity1141 is apparent.

title: Diagnostic and prognostic values of S-phase fraction and @entity2007 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy', 'Aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia', 'AA']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'HMDS', 'hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow aplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity236 :: (MESH:D001855,Disease) :: ['bone marrow aplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular clinical trials depend on @entity1 enrollment. Enrollment rates appear inadequate, but little is known about how frequently @entity1 accept or decline offers of enrollment. The objective of this study was to assess trends and predictors of @entity1 acceptance of offers to enroll in clinical trials for @entity65 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We utilized an established database containing all randomized, controlled trials (n=1224) in @entity65 published between 2001 and 2012 in the 8 highest-impact general medical and cardiology journals. Studies were eligible if the number of @entity1 approached and number of @entity1 declining enrollment could be ascertained from published materials. All studies were screened for eligibility. Each eligible study was reviewed by 3 co-authors. All discrepancies were resolved by the group. The main outcome was acceptance rate, defined as the number of @entity1 enrolled divided by the number @entity1 who were eligible and approached. Only 21.7% (n=266) of studies provided information sufficient to assess @entity1 enrollment and refusals. The median acceptance rate across trials was 83.2%. Significant predictors of higher enrollment included: enrollment in the acute setting (P=0.031); geographical region (P<0.001 for group); and trial sponsorship (P=0.006 for group). CONCLUSIONS: Rates of reporting data sufficient to calculate acceptance rates are low. This compromises the ability to identify drivers of low enrollment and assess trial generalizability. However, the high rates of acceptance observed suggest that factors other than @entity1 ' decisions may be the primary drivers of declining rates of trial enrollment.

title: Trends in Consent for Clinical Trials in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Mucinous cells (MUCs), signet-ring cells (SRCs), and poorly differentiated cells (PDCs) are uncommon histologic types and have been associated with advanced @entity5 stage and poor prognosis. However, MUCs, SRCs, and PDCs are commonly observed in @entity5 with high @entity124 ( @entity124 ), which have favorable outcomes compared with @entity5 with @entity1344 ( @entity1344 ). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of high- @entity124 in @entity1 with @entity14 presenting with MUCs, SRCs, and/or PDCs. METHODS: Between January 2006 and December 2012, 176 with proven microsatellite status who also presented with MUCs, SRCs, and PDCs were selected for this study and were divided into 2 groups, high- @entity124 and @entity1344 ; their outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 176 @entity1 , 56 and 120, respectively, had @entity124 . @entity5 had @entity5 , proximal @entity5 location, and a lower TNM stage. The recurrence rate was lower in the high- @entity124 group (13.7% vs. 35.4%, P = 0.006). Common patterns of distant metastasis for MUC, SRC, @entity5 were peritoneal spread (46.9%) and hematogenous metastasis (46.4%). The 5-year CSS rates were 88.2% and 61.2% for @entity1 with @entity124 , respectively (P < 0.0001). In the multivariate analysis, except for stage-IV @entity5 , @entity124 status was an independent risk factor for @entity5 -specific survival ( @entity1344 : hazard ratio, 4.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.68-11.21). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity14 presenting with MUCs, SRCs, and/or PDCs, those with @entity5 had better outcomes.

title: Prognostic Impact of Microsatellite Instability in XXXX Presenting With Mucinous, Signet-Ring, and Poorly Differentiated Cells.

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['high-MSI and MSS cancers', 'MSI', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'High-MSI cancers', 'high-MSI cancers', 'cancers', 'PDC cancers', 'cancer', 'larger tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['MSS', 'microsatellite stability']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: To clarify the effects of habitual volleyball exercise on bone in @entity1 during the menopausal periods, we measured bone mineral densities (BMDs) of the lumbar spine, calcaneus and tibia every 12 months for 2 years and estimated factors related to the baseline values and annual loss rates. Forty Japanese female volleyball players 42-62 years of age, who had belonged to the district non-professional club for more than 10 years on average, were recruited. Twenty @entity1 had regular menstruation at the start, but 7 underwent menopause during the study. Fifty-nine healthy @entity1 who did not participate in habitual exercise, but were otherwise comparable with the players, were recruited as the controls. The lumbar and calcaneus BMDs were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and both the volumetric BMDs and cross-sectional geometry at the diaphysis of the tibia were measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. The baseline BMDs of all measured sites and the values of the cortical area and moment of inertia of the tibia in the players were significantly higher than the values in the control @entity1 . In the peri- and postmenopausal players, the baseline values of the lumbar and calcaneus BMDs related to total years of participating in regular exercises during adulthood including volleyball (TYE), body mass index (BMI) and years since menopause (YSM). Tibia cortical area and moment of inertia values related to TYE. Annual @entity604 rates in the tibia and calcaneus of players were significantly smaller than those values in the controls. However, the @entity604 rates in the lumbar spine did not differ significantly between the groups. The @entity604 rate in the calcaneus was significantly related to the current number of training hours per week and YSM. The rate of @entity604 in the tibia was related to BMI. These data indicated that the total number of years participating in exercise activity during adulthood have positive effects on lumbar and calcaneus BMDs and the cortical structure of the tibia. Habitual volleyball exercise apparently did not alleviate the menopause-related @entity604 in the lumbar spine.

title: Effects of lifetime volleyball exercise on bone mineral densities in lumbar spine, calcaneus and tibia for pre-, peri- and postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: CONCLUSION: @entity13366 ( @entity13366 ) with house dust mite (HDM) extracts in school-age @entity1 and adolescents seems to be as effective as in adults. @entity13366 could be recommended as a therapeutic modality in @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ) @entity1 sensitized to HDMs. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the efficacy of HDM @entity13366 in pediatric @entity1 with @entity2023 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-six @entity1 treated with HDM @entity13366 for at least 1 year between November 2007 and February 2010 were enrolled in this study. A young age group (n = 54) between 6 and 18 years old was compared with an adult group (n = 22). Standardized extract of HDM (Pangramin   @entity13366 ) was used. @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ) and @entity56 ( @entity56 ) were evaluated before and 1 year after @entity13366 . RESULTS: @entity1109 improved in both groups, and the change was comparable in the 2 groups (/\ @entity1109 , 5.1 vs 5.3; p = 0.538). Also among the young age group, /\ @entity1109 did not significantly differ between school-age @entity1 and adolescents (5.2 vs 4.9, p = 0.429). Thirty-five out of 54 youngsters (64.8%) and 11 out of 22 adults (50.0%) showed improvement in @entity1109 over 30%. @entity56 were significantly decreased in both groups. /\ @entity56 tended to be higher in the young age group, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (57.2 vs 35.7, p = 0.060).

title: Clinical efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy in pediatric @entity1 with @entity2023 sensitized to house dust mites: comparison to adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric allergic rhinitis', 'AR']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Total symptom scores', 'TSS']

entities_list: @entity13366 :: ('MESH:D013362', 'Disease') :: ['SLIT', 'Sublingual immunotherapy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['AMS', 'anti-allergic medication scores']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The evaluation and management of @entity1 with @entity1558 have historically been disorganized and fragmented, leading to inefficiencies in @entity1 flow and increased @entity148 . The NAPBC was founded to address this deficiency and optimize the system. METHODS: Evidence-based breast center standards were developed by a multinational, multidisciplinary Board and revised after pilot surveys. The Board defined 17 essential components in the continuum of care, available on site or referred. Physician surveyors were trained to conduct triennial site visits to assure compliance with standards. @entity4263 is required within 12 months. RESULTS: Since the first accreditation award in late 2008, the NAPBC has grown rapidly. By the end of 2015, there will be 650 breast centers accredited by the NAPBC, with an additional 50 programs being scheduled for survey. Re-survey for continued accreditation occurs every 3 years. There has been minimal attrition. Survey results from our accredited centers indicate a high level of @entity1 and facility satisfaction. Although only one foreign breast center has been NAPBC-accredited, and two scheduled for survey, the interest level is high. Thirty-two breast centers from 17 countries have requested information. CONCLUSIONS: The NAPBC provides an ideal model for facilities to render state of the art evaluation and treatment throughout the continuum of care for @entity1 with @entity1558 . Accredited centers are afforded internal and external assessment of their performance based on recognized standards that demonstrate a commitment to quality care. The centers attain national recognition and public promotion. @entity1 , facilities and their providers are the ultimate beneficiaries.

title: The United States' national accreditation program for breast centers: a model for excellence in XXXX evaluation and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast disease']

entities_list: @entity4263 :: ('MESH:C535426', 'Disease') :: ['Correction of deficiencies']

answer: @entity1558 :: (MESH:D001941,Disease) :: ['breast disease']


abstract: The contribution of @entity1827 ( @entity1827 ), acting via @entity11081 ( @entity11081 ), on post-incisional @entity158 was examined in a @entity35 model of incision through the hairy skin of the lumbar dorsum. Post-incisional mechanical @entity17401 was evaluated by cutaneous trunci muscle reflexes (CTMR) of subcutaneous muscles responding to stimulation with von Frey filaments near the wound (primary responses) and at a distance, especially on the contralateral dorsum (secondary responses, involving spinal circuits). The role of @entity11081 was determined by pre-incisional, subcutaneous injection of the selective receptor antagonist @entity11344 at the incision site, 15 min or 24h before surgery. Control incisions showed both primary @entity1931 and @entity1931 , and a weaker secondary @entity17401 , peaking 3-4h after surgery and lasting at least 24h. Primary @entity1931 , but not @entity1931 , was dose-dependently suppressed by 15 min pre-incisional @entity11344 . In contrast, both secondary @entity1931 and @entity1931 were inhibited by local @entity11344 . The suppression of primary @entity1931 by local antagonist disappeared in 24h, but that of secondary @entity17401 remained strong for at least 24h. Systemically delivered @entity11344 was without effect on any post-incisional @entity17401 , and if the antagonist was locally injected 24h before surgery there was no difference on @entity17401 compared to vehicle injected at that time. We conclude that @entity1827 , released from skin by incision, activates nociceptors to cause primary @entity1931 and to sensitize spinal circuits through central sensitization. Blockade of @entity11081 in the immediate peri-operative period prevents the later development of central sensitization.

title: Cutaneous XXXX elevate post-incisional @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'allodynia', 'tactile allodynia']

entities_list: @entity17401 :: ('MESH:D006941', 'Disease') :: ['hyperesthesia']

answer: @entity11081 :: (24326(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['endothelin-A receptors']


abstract: @entity14631 ( @entity43660 ), @entity211 ( @entity212 ), @entity43661 ( @entity43662 ) and @entity24502 ( @entity43663 ) all hemolyzed washed @entity1 erythrocytes and inhibited @entity10810 ( @entity10810 ) activities in erythrocyte membrane. @entity43660 was much more potent in either effect than any other compound examined. The inhibition of @entity10810 activities by @entity43660 was reversed on adding albumin. The dose-response curves by @entity43660 and @entity212 were sigmoidal, indicating cooperative inhibition, while those by @entity43662 and @entity43663 were not. Furthermore, the cooperativity of the inhibition by @entity43660 was greater than by @entity212 . Differing from that by @entity212 , the cooperativity of inhibition increased depending on the temperature (13, 25, 37 degrees C) and decreased when the membrane was treated with @entity6000 . The cooperativity was also decreased in the presence of albumin. On a Scatchard plot analysis, erythrocyte membranes appeared to have multiple binding sites of different affinities for @entity43660 ; binding of @entity43660 to the low affinity site [dissociation constant (Kd) 4.7 x 10(-5) M] seemed to be responsible for the observed cooperative inhibition of @entity10810 activities. Neither @entity1339 nor @entity2960 altered the cooperativity. @entity43660 seems to be the most potent cooperative inhibitor of @entity10810 in @entity1 erythrocyte membranes known to date. @entity43660 may be useful to examine @entity10810 and milieu in @entity1 erythrocyte membranes.

title: Cooperative inhibition of @entity10810 activities by XXXX in @entity1 erythrocytes.

entities_list: @entity43661 :: ('MESH:C009534', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4,5-trichlorophenol']

entities_list: @entity211 :: ('MESH:D010416', 'Chemical') :: ['pentachlorophenol']

entities_list: @entity24502 :: ('MESH:C024564', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4,6-trichlorophenol']

entities_list: @entity2960 :: ('MESH:D005278', 'Chemical') :: ['fenitrothion']

entities_list: @entity14631 :: ('MESH:D006582', 'Chemical') :: ['Hexachlorophene']

entities_list: @entity10810 :: ('43', 'Gene') :: ['acetylcholinesterase', 'AchE']

entities_list: @entity1339 :: ('MESH:D009388', 'Chemical') :: ['neostigmine']

answer: @entity14631 :: (MESH:D006582,Chemical) :: ['hexachlorophene']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the larvicidal and pupicidal activities of aqueous, @entity1046 and @entity1042 extracts of Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus) against @entity311 and @entity6565 vectors. METHODS: The larvicidal and pupicidal activities of C. roseus leaf extracts were tested against the fourth instar larvae and pupae of Anopheles stephensi (An. stephensi) and @entity2957 (Cx. quinquefasciatus). The mortality was observed after 24 and 48 h post the treatment. The data were subjected to probit analysis to determine the lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) at which 50% and 90% of the treated larvae or pupae of the tested species were killed. RESULTS: The larval and pupal mortality were observed after 24 and 48 h of exposure of aqueous, @entity1046 and @entity1042 extracts of C. roseus; no mortality was observed in the control group. The LC50 values against the fourth-instar larvae of An. stephensi were 68.62 and 72.04 mg/mL for the aqueous extract, 82.47 mg/mL for the @entity1046 extract, and 78.80 and 86.64 mg/mL for the @entity1042 extract, while the aqueous, @entity1046 and @entity1042 extracts had LC50 values of 85.21, 76.84 and 94.20 mg/mL against the fourth-instar larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus. The aqueous, @entity1046 and @entity1042 extracts had LC50 values of 118.08, 182.47 and 143.80 mg/mL against the pupae of An. stephensi and 146.20, 226.84 and 156.62 mg/mL against the pupae of Cx. quinquefasciatus, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The aqueous and @entity1042 extracts of C. roseus leaves had an excellent potential to control the malarial vector An. stephensi and @entity6565 vector Cx. quinquefasciatus.

title: Efficacy of larvicidal and pupicidal activity of Catharanthus roseus aqueous and solvent extracts against Anopheles stephensi Liston and XXXX Say (Diptera: Culicidae).

entities_list: @entity6565 :: ('MESH:D005368', 'Disease') :: ['filariasis']

entities_list: @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity2957 :: ('7176', 'Species') :: ['Culex quinquefasciatus']

answer: @entity2957 :: (7176,Species) :: ['Culex quinquefasciatus']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the value of platelet count, @entity876 , @entity7465 , @entity1722 , and @entity10815 immunoreactivity as predictors of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) as well as their prognostic significance in @entity1 with @entity5 treated by radical hysterectomy between 1991 through 1995. We also report on the outcome of a protocol considering lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI) in addition to @entity1600 as a strong motivation for adjuvant radiotherapy. A total of 93 @entity1 were the subject of this retrospective study. The incidence of positive nodes was high (30.1%). @entity1148 (>/= 400.000/mm3) was present in 6.7% of @entity1 . Positive immunostaining was found for @entity876 (50.6%), @entity7465 (21.7%), @entity1722 (14.5%), and @entity10815 (45.8%), but none of them was able to predict @entity1600 . Only @entity1148 was associated with an unfavorable prognosis: a statistically significant association was shown with relapse-free and overall survival in an univariate analysis (P = 0.0431 and P = 0.0012, respectively) with a tendency to significance in multivariate analysis (P = 0.079 and P = 0.0882, respectively). We postulate that @entity1148 in early @entity5 could be a marker for subclinical @entity5 burden. LVSI, regarded as an indication for adjuvant radiotherapy, was no longer associated with poor relapse-free or overall survival, but resulted in a 41% postoperative irradiation rate. Further research is needed to establish the value of LVSI in postoperative radiotherapy decision making.

title: The prognostic significance of @entity876 , @entity7465 , @entity1722 , @entity10815 , and XXXX in @entity5 treated by primary radical hysterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytosis', 'thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage IB cervical cancer', 'tumor', 'stage cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis', 'LNM']

answer: @entity1148 :: (MESH:D013922,Disease) :: ['thrombocytosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of active @entity281 in @entity1 undergoing IVF, relate it to the cause of @entity249 , and investigate a relation with the outcome of fresh ET. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Tertiary care @entity249 referral center. @entity1 (S): Two hundred eighty-six @entity1 who underwent 344 oocyte recovery procedures for IVF cycles between March 1997 and January 1998. INTERVENTION(S): High vaginal swab specimens and endocervical swab specimens were obtained and ELISA serology was performed for detection of @entity1047 species on samples taken immediately before oocyte recovery. The results were related to the cause of @entity249 and the outcome parameters. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Pregnancy rates. RESULT(S): Seropositivity for @entity1047 species and the presence of @entity6981 both were strongly and independently associated with @entity66 . There was no difference in pregnancy rates in any of the groups regardless of their serologic status for @entity281 with @entity6981 . CONCLUSION(S): This study provides further evidence of the pelvic pathogenicity of @entity6981 . However, it shows that @entity1 who have @entity6981 or who have been treated for @entity281 in the past achieve pregnancy rates with IVF treatment similar to those of @entity1 who have no evidence of such infections.

title: @entity6981 and past XXXX are strongly and independently associated with @entity249 but do not affect in vitro fertilization success rates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['tubal disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydial infection', 'chlamydial infection or current infection', 'vaginal infection']

entities_list: @entity6981 :: ('MESH:D016585', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial vaginosis']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['Chlamydia']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['chlamydial infection']


abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the potential diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced echocardiogram (ECG)-gated multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in the setting of suspected @entity2401 compared with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The study group consisted of 12 consecutive @entity1 admitted for suspected @entity2401 less than 10 days after onset of symptoms. All @entity1 had clinical, electrocardiographic signs, and laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis. All @entity1 but one (severe @entity913 ) underwent cardiac MRI using T1-weighted delayed-enhancement images after injection of @entity2287 . ECG-gated MDCT was performed in all @entity1 and included a first-pass contrast-enhanced acquisition and a delayed acquisition. MRI revealed abnormal focal or multifocal @entity296 and confirmed the diagnosis in 11 @entity1 . The first-pass MDCT acquisition showed homogenous left-ventricle contrast enhancement and absence of @entity3979 in all @entity1 . Delayed MDCT acquisition, performed 5 min later without reinjection of contrast medium revealed multiple areas of @entity296 in a focal or a multifocal pattern (six and six @entity1 , respectively). Extent and location of hyperenhancement at MDCT correlated well with that observed at MR examination for all 11 @entity1 evaluated by both techniques (r=0.9167, p=0.0004). These preliminary results show that ECG-gated MDCT could be a useful alternative noninvasive diagnostic test in the early phase of @entity2401 .

title: Diagnostic value of ECG-gated multidetector computed tomography in the early phase of suspected XXXX . A preliminary comparative study with cardiac MRI.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hyperenhancement', 'myocardial enhancement']

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['claustrophobia']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocarditis']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['acute myocarditis']


abstract: Recognition that many @entity1 with benign sclerosing @entity1764 have smoldering disease responsible for failure of surgical procedures or for development of collateral circulation in @entity1 with @entity4264 has markedly improved management of these difficult @entity1 . @entity3219 complement fixation titers have been used to detect unsuspected subacute disease and to follow the therapeutic adjunctive management with @entity3102 , an oral antifungal agent. Twenty-two @entity1 with benign sclerosing @entity1764 demonstrated a variety of symptoms relating to the area of compression: superior vena cava, 13; esophagus, 3; pulmonary artery and pericardium, 3; and @entity825 , 3. @entity3219 was documented in 12 @entity1 . Operation is used initially for diagnosis, to rule out @entity189 , and to treat the complications: superior vena caval reconstruction, 6; tracheal decompression, 2; right middle lobectomy, 1; esophageal decompression, 2; division of @entity4501 , 1; and release of @entity2294 and @entity2293 , 1. @entity751 occurred in 1 @entity1 and wound @entity281 in another. No deaths resulted. In 6 cases of @entity3219 , symptoms recurred in 100% of @entity1 and were successfully managed with @entity3102 treatment, and then clinical progress was monitored with serial @entity3219 complement fixation studies. One @entity1 had four superior vena caval reconstructions at an outside hospital, each 1 year apart, with symptoms recurring each time. With @entity3102 therapy alone, she has been asymptomatic for more than 2 years. Vigorous search for a fungal cause may even obviate the necessity for surgical intervention. If an operation is necessary, preoperative and postoperative use of @entity3102 has assured success.

title: Sclerosing @entity1764 : improved management with @entity3219 titer and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4264 :: ('MESH:D013479', 'Disease') :: ['superior vena caval obstruction']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['Postcardiotomy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3219 :: ('MESH:D006660', 'Disease') :: ['histoplasmosis', 'Histoplasmosis']

answer: @entity3102 :: (MESH:D007654,Chemical) :: ['ketoconazole']