abstract: The objective was to describe the population of @entity1 presenting with a @entity174 ( @entity174 ), to determine how often @entity174 is an intentional injury, to determine if it is a predictor of recurrent injury, and to compare the rates of intentional @entity130 recidivism between @entity1 with @entity174 and those with other injuries. An @entity341 ( @entity341 )-based injury surveillance system (EDBISS) in a university-affiliated @entity341 (census of 35,000) provided data on injured @entity1 presenting between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 1996. Chart review was performed. Descriptive analyses were performed. The results showed 22,728 of 69,438 (33%) @entity341 visits during a 2-year period were attributable to injuries. Sixty-two @entity1 presented with @entity174 . Mean age of @entity174 @entity1 was 22.1 versus 28.6 for all injured (P < .005). Ninety-two percent (57/62) of @entity174 @entity1 were @entity1 compared with 58% of all injured (P < .0001). Thirty-eight of 62 (61%) @entity174 were sustained after intentional punches of an object/ @entity1 . Seventeen of 62 (27%) @entity174 @entity1 were @entity130 . Previous studies in this same @entity341 population showed that 6% had intentional injuries and 12% were @entity130 . @entity174 is usually an intentional injury and these @entity1 are at increased risk for recurrent injury. Clinicians should focus prevention efforts on this high-risk population.

title: XXXX : an indicator of intentional and recurrent injury.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury and injury', 'injury recidivists']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ["boxer's fracture", 'BF injuries', 'BF']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Boxer's fracture']


abstract: The effect of @entity14100 ( @entity14100 ) on collagen biosynthesis was investigated in confluent primary monolayer cultures of @entity95 articular chondrocytes (RAC). Exposure to TGF-beta (0.1, 1, and 10 ng/ml) in serum-free medium caused a dose- and time-dependent stimulation of collagen biosynthesis associated with an increase of steady-state levels of procollagen type II mRNA. Elevation of the mRNA steady-state did not result from a stabilization of the transcript, as shown by measure of the mRNA half-life. Electrophoresis ( @entity214 -PAGE) showed that TGF-beta stimulates the synthesis of most collagen isotypes, including type II, without qualitative change in their distribution. Moreover, pulse-chase experiments revealed that TGF-beta did not affect the processing rate of type II procollagen. TGF-beta slightly stimulated the production of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ), which could in turn exert an inhibition on collagen synthesis. However, addition of @entity3352 to block @entity3009 synthesis did not further enhance the TGF-beta-induced stimulation of collagen production, suggesting that this mediator was not implicated in the effect. Moreover, TGF-beta increased steady-state levels of procollagen type II, I, and III mRNAs even in the presence of @entity3352 . Despite these increased mRNA levels, only the production of type II collagen was significantly augmented, suggesting that type I procollagen mRNA was not fully translated. In addition, the TGF-beta-induced stimulation of collagen synthesis was observed whenever @entity620 is added or not in the culture medium. In conclusion, TGF-beta, which is present in great amount in bone and cartilage, can increase the collagen production of cultured RAC and might therefore play a role in the early events of cartilage repair, such as those observed in @entity571 .

title: @entity14100 ( XXXX ) up-regulation of collagen type II in primary cultures of @entity95 articular chondrocytes (RAC) involves increased mRNA levels without affecting mRNA stability and procollagen processing.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity14100 :: ('100008645(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-beta 1', 'TGF-beta 1']

answer: @entity14100 :: (100008645(Tax:9986),Gene) :: ['TGF-beta 1']


abstract: Although ventriculoperitoneal (V-P) shunt is common as the surgical procedure for @entity1276 , mechanical malfunction and @entity281 are the most significant problems. Despite the current use of variety of mechanical shunting systems, @entity5033 remains a major problem in pediatric neurosurgical practice. @entity922 associated with malfunctioning shunts have been studied only infrequently. From April 1980 to December 1987, we experienced 96 cases of V-P shunt in neonates and suckling. The therapeutic results of shunting and causes of initial shunt revision in those cases with nontumoral @entity1276 were studied. Of 96 cases, which included 55 cases of congenital and 41 cases of acquired @entity1276 , in which a V-P shunt had been performed, those cases with no history of shunt revision or with only elective shunt revision during the 5-year follow-up period were classified as successful shunt. The 56 of 96 cases (58.3% successful shunts included 15 of 24 @entity1 with myelomeningocele, 7 of 10 with @entity3976 , 12 of 21 with various types of @entity1779 , 12 of 22 with posthemorrhagic @entity1276 and 10 with @entity1276 . There were 12 successful shunts performed in 27 premature and 44 in 69 mature @entity1 . The 40 @entity1 (41.7% with non-elective shunt revision included 5 with breakdown of the sutured scalp with @entity5173 , 20 with obstruction of the shunt system (14 ventricular side, 6 abdominal side, and 15 with @entity281 . During the 5-year follow-up period 11 died and 85 survived 88.5%), of whom 43 (44.8%) showed normal intellectual development and 42 (43.7%) showed @entity717 .

title: [Clinical analysis of shunted hydrocephalic neonates and sucklings--observation on obstruction and XXXX of shunting system].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['encephalocele']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus', 'postmeningitic hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leakage']

entities_list: @entity5033 :: ('MESH:C562451', 'Disease') :: ['shunt malfunction']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disability']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral anomaly']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['Pathological lesions']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyse long term results of @entity339 repair of degenerative @entity339 compared to valve replacement. METHODS: A hundred-twenty-five consecutive @entity1 with severe @entity339 who underwent cardiac surgery from January 1987 to December 1995 were included in the study. Mean age was 55+/-16 years (77 males, 48 females). Mitral repair was performed in 62 @entity1 and @entity339 was replaced in 63 @entity1 . Mean follow-up was 5 years. The repair procedures were based on quadrangular resection of the posterior leaflet, chordal replacement and transposition. Annuloplasty was performed in 100% of cases. The technique of valve replacement was conventional with complete excision of the valve in the majority of cases. RESULTS: Operative mortality following valve repair was 1.6%, no @entity204 occurred in the prosthesic group. In the repair group overall survival and re-operation rate were respectively 95.2% and 6.5%, while in the replacement group were 93.7% and 7.9%. No @entity884 and @entity1031 accidents were observed following valvuloplasty, while in the prostheses 6.3% of @entity1 had @entity884 and 1.6% had a @entity1031 event. Mild or moderate @entity1002 was present in 5 @entity1 after valvuloplasty and in 9 @entity1 with prostheses. CONCLUSIONS: Considering these results we conclude that, in @entity1 with severe @entity339 , @entity339 repair is warranted whenever it is possible. The advantages given by maintaining the native valve suggest that surgery should be considered in asymptomatic @entity1 before the occurrence of the @entity1002 .

title: Mitral valve prolapse. Comparison between valvular repair and replacement in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative mitral insufficiency', 'mitral valve insufficiency', 'mitral valve', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine whether @entity2909 can be distinguished from uterine @entity1822 on ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) without diffusion-weighted imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval was obtained and informed consent was waived for this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant retrospective case-control diagnostic accuracy study. All subjects with resected uterine @entity1822 diagnosed over a 17-year period (1998-2014) at a single institution for whom pre-resection US (n   =   10), CT (n   =   11), or MRI (n   =   7) was available were matched by @entity5 size and imaging modality with 28 subjects with resected @entity2909 . Six blinded radiologists (three attendings, three residents) assigned 5-point Likert scores for the following features: (1) margins, (2) @entity39 , (3) @entity548 , (4) vascularity, (5) calcifications, (6) heterogeneity, and (7) likelihood of @entity5 (primary end point). Mean suspicion scores were calculated and receiver operating characteristic curves were generated. The ability of individual morphologic features to predict @entity5 was assessed with logistic regression. RESULTS: Mean suspicion scores were 2.5        1.2 (attendings) and 2.4        1.3 (residents) for @entity2909 , and 2.7        1.3 (attendings) and 2.7        1.4 (residents) for @entity1822 . The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (range: 0.330-0.685) were not significantly different from chance, either overall (P   =   .36-.88) or by any modality (P   =   .28-.96), for any reader. Reader experience had no effect on diagnostic accuracy. No morphologic parameter was significantly predictive of @entity5 (P   =   .10-.97). CONCLUSIONS: Uterine @entity2909 cannot be differentiated accurately from @entity1822 on US, CT, or MRI without diffusion-weighted imaging.

title: Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasound, Contrast-enhanced CT, and Conventional MRI for Differentiating @entity2909 From XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['uterine leiomyoma', 'leiomyoma']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['Leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adherence is a major factor in determining disease activity in @entity31 ( @entity31 ). There are limited data on long-term nationwide adherence levels among @entity1 with @entity31 . AIM: To evaluate the long-term adherence levels to oral @entity2983 ( @entity2983 ) in the Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system, to determine the impact of non-adherence on the risk of flares, and to evaluate the different pharmacy data-based adherence indicators. METHODS: Nationwide data were obtained from the VA for the period 2001-2011. @entity31 @entity1 who started @entity2983 maintenance during the inclusion period were included. Level of adherence was assessed using three different indicators: medication possession ratio (MPR), continuous single-interval medication availability (CSA) and continuous multiple-interval medication gaps (CMG). Cox regression modelling was used to predict @entity66 and assess the predictive value of each adherence indicator. RESULTS: We included 13  062 @entity1 into the analysis with median follow-up time of 6.1  years. Percentage of @entity1 with high adherence was 47%, 43%, 31% as identified by CSA, MPR and CMG respectively. Low adherers had a significant increase in the risk of flares compared with high adherers (Hazard ratio: 2.8, 1.7 and 1.8, P  <  0.001 for CSA, MPR and CMG, respectively). Compared with other adherence indicators, CSA offered the best trend in predicting @entity66 . CONCLUSIONS: Long-term high-adherence level was lower than previously reported. Adherence was a significant factor in predicting @entity66 . Pharmacy adherence indicators may be useful to healthcare providers in identifying @entity1 at high risk of exacerbations.

title: Long-term oral @entity2983 adherence and the risk of disease flare in XXXX : nationwide 10-year retrospective cohort from the veterans affairs healthcare system.

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['mesalazine', 'mesalamine']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease flares']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: The sequence of 13.9 kilobases (kb) of the 17.1-kb mitochondrial genome of @entity13367 has been determined, and the arrangement of all genes has been deduced. Mytilus mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contains 37 genes, all of which are transcribed from the same DNA strand. The gene content of Mytilus is typically metazoan in that it includes genes for large and small ribosomal RNAs, for a complete set of transfer RNAs and for 12 proteins. The protein genes encode the @entity35475 apoenzyme, cytochrome c oxidase (CO) subunits I-III, @entity2125 dehydrogenase (ND) subunits 1-6 and 4L, and @entity855 synthetase (ATPase) subunit 6. No gene for ATPase subunit 8 could be found. The reading frames for the @entity35476 , COI, and COIII genes contain long extensions relative to those genes in other metazoan mtDNAs. There are 23 tRNA genes, one more than previously found in any metazoan mtDNA. The additional tRNA appears to specify @entity1853 , making Mytilus mtDNA unique in having two tRNA(Met) genes. Five lengthy unassigned intergenic sequences are present, four of which vary in length from 79 to 119 @entity2036 and the largest of which is 1.2 kb. The base compositions of these are unremarkable and do not differ significantly from that of the remainder of the mtDNA. The arrangement of genes in Mytilus mtDNA is remarkably unlike that found in any other known metazoan mtDNA.

title: A novel mitochondrial genome organization for the XXXX , @entity13367 .

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity13367 :: ('6550', 'Species') :: ['Mytilus edulis']

answer: @entity13367 :: (6550,Species) :: ['blue mussel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity1652 has been traditionally regarded as a disease without @entity75 , @entity75 are not uncommon in @entity1 with @entity1652 -related disorders. METHODS: We aimed to characterize the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in @entity1652 spectrum disorder @entity1 who are seropositive for anti- @entity3951 autoantibody ( @entity3951 Ab). Of 236 consecutive @entity1 with @entity6220 , we retrospectively analyzed MRI characteristics of 78 @entity1 who were seropositive for @entity3951 Ab. RESULTS: For an average observational period of 6.3 years, 62 @entity1 (79%) had @entity75 on MRI. Twenty-four @entity1 (31%) had @entity75 at the onset of disease, and 35 (45%) had symptomatic @entity75 . Characteristic @entity75 were classified into five categories: (1) lesions involving corticospinal tracts (e.g. posterior limb of internal capsule and cerebral peduncle (44%); (2) extensive @entity66 likely due to vasogenic @entity4 (29%); (3) @entity75 surrounding aqueduct and the third and fourth ventricles (22%); (4) @entity75 surrounding lateral ventricles (40%); and (5) medullary lesions, often contiguous with @entity75 (31%). Fifty-four @entity1 (69%) showed at least one kind of @entity75 among the five characteristic MRI lesions. Ten @entity1 showed @entity2287 -enhancing lesions, which were characterized by multiple patchy enhancing patterns with blurred margins. CONCLUSIONS: In central nervous system @entity3951 @entity792 , @entity75 were more common than is generally appreciated and were characterized by their unique localization and configuration.

title: Characteristic brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in central nervous system XXXX @entity792 .

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory demyelinating central nervous system diseases']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['hemispheric lesions']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['neuromyelitis optica']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain abnormalities', 'brain abnormality', 'cervical lesions', 'brain involvement', 'brain MRI abnormalities', 'periependymal lesions', 'brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity3951 :: (361,Gene) :: ['aquaporin-4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1643 with or without nerve root involvement is associated with a poor prognosis compared to @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) alone. Compared to the literature investigating prognostic indicators of outcome for @entity1643 , there is limited evidence on prognostic factors for low back-related @entity158 including the group with nerve @entity158 . This 1 year prospective consultation-based observational cohort study will describe the clinical, imaging, demographic characteristics and health economic outcomes for the whole cohort, will investigate differences and identify prognostic indicators of outcome (i.e. change in disability at 12 months), for the whole cohort and, separately, for those classified with and without nerve @entity158 . In addition, nested qualitative studies will provide insights on the clinical consultation and the impact of diagnosis and treatment on @entity1 ' symptom management and illness trajectory. METHODS: Adults aged 18 years and over consulting their General Practitioner (GP) with @entity1643 and radiating @entity158 of any duration at (n = 500) GP practices in North Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent, UK will be invited to participate. All @entity1 will receive a standardised assessment at the clinic by a study physiotherapist and will be classified according to the clinically determined presence or absence of nerve @entity158 /involvement. All will undergo a lumbar spine MRI scan. All @entity1 will be managed according to their clinical need. The study outcomes will be measured at 4 and 12 months using postal self-complete questionnaires. Data will also be collected each month using brief postal questionnaires to enable detailed description of the course of @entity1643 over time. Clinical observations and @entity1 interviews will be used for the qualitative aspects of the study. DISCUSSION: This prospective clinical observational cohort will combine self-reported data, comprehensive clinical and MRI assessment, together with qualitative enquiries, to describe the course, health care usage, @entity1 ' experiences and prognostic indicators in an adult population presenting in primary care with @entity1643 and @entity158 with or without nerve root involvement.

title: Clinical course, characteristics and prognostic indicators in @entity1 presenting with back and XXXX in primary care. The ATLAS study protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back and leg pain', 'Low-back related leg pain', 'low back pain', 'LBP']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['root pain', 'leg pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['leg pain']


abstract: Unstable @entity731 are characterized by a thin fibrous cap that contains few smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and numerous foam cells of macrophage origin. Previously we and others demonstrated that macrophages disappear from @entity731 after dietary lipid lowering. However, it remains unclear whether loss of macrophages after lipid lowering occurs via increased apoptosis, decreased macrophage replication and/or recruitment, or via a combination of both. @entity95 were fed a diet supplemented with @entity165 (0.3%) for 24 weeks followed by a normal diet for 4, 12, or 24 weeks. After 24 weeks of @entity165 supplement, plaques showed apoptosis in both macrophages and SMCs, as determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase @entity1977 nick-end labeling. Cell replication (Ki-67 immunolabeling) was predominantly present in macrophages. After 24 weeks of @entity165 withdrawal, the thickness and areas of the plaques were unchanged. Nevertheless, plaques showed a considerable loss of macrophages. This event was associated with a reduced immunoreactivity for @entity12048 ( @entity12048 ) in the endothelial cells starting 4 weeks after @entity165 withdrawal. Apoptosis did not increase after lipid lowering but showed a steady decline. Apart from decreased @entity12048 expression, a strong decrease in Ki-67 immunolabeling was observed after 12 weeks of @entity165 withdrawal. Our findings suggest that loss of macrophages in @entity731 after dietary lipid lowering is not related to induction of macrophage apoptosis but mainly a consequence of impaired monocyte recruitment followed by decreased macrophage replication. This information is essential for understanding the effects of aggressive lipid lowering on plaque stability.

title: Apoptosis does not mediate macrophage depletion in @entity95 XXXX after dietary lipid lowering.

entities_list: @entity12048 :: ('100008901(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1', 'VCAM-1']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is evidence that after uncomplicated acute @entity583 , T wave positivization during stress testing may unveil @entity296 . We evaluated in a prospective study the clinical value of T wave positivization during @entity452 stress echocardiography in @entity1 with recent, first uncomplicated acute @entity583 . METHODS: Two hundred twenty-nine @entity1 , who underwent @entity452 stress echocardiography within 10 days of uncomplicated acute @entity583 , were selected for exhibiting negative T waves in the @entity1188 area. A mean follow-up of 2.1 +/- 1 years (up to 6 years) was obtained. RESULTS: T wave positivization appeared during @entity452 test in 76 (33%) @entity1 . The agreement of T wave positivization for @entity296 was 65% (95% confidence interval 59-71). Compared to @entity296 during @entity452 stress echocardiography, the combination with T wave positivization was more sensitive (55 vs 24%, 95% confidence interval 46-64 vs 17-33) for predicting @entity299 , albeit less specific. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed 47 (62%) @entity299 in @entity1 with T wave positivization and 70 (46%) @entity299 in the remaining @entity1 (p < 0.05). Soft (n = 91) prevailed over hard (n = 26) @entity299 . CONCLUSIONS: T wave positivization during @entity452 stress echocardiography after uncomplicated acute @entity583 identifies @entity1 at higher cardiac risk, and is more sensitive, albeit less specific, for @entity299 than viability alone. T wave positivization is helpful in the case of inconclusive stress echocardiography. The pathophysiology of T wave positivization and its relative value among other variables warrant further analysis.

title: @entity452 -induced T wave positivization after uncomplicated XXXX : a marker of @entity296 and higher cardiac risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial viability']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The appropriate method for surgical management of @entity75 with disordered architecture and melanocytic atypia (formerly @entity6349 ) has been controversial. Physicians often reexcise these lesions after primary removal because of their potential relation to @entity320 . The outcomes of these reexcisions and the original biopsy specimens have not been previously examined. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine reexcision specimens and their respective original specimens to determine whether there were any characteristics predictive of the presence of residual nevus cells (RNCs) on reexcision. METHODS: One hundred eighty-nine reexcision specimens of @entity75 were evaluated for this study. The original specimens were examined for specific histopathologic features without knowledge of the findings on reexcision. Clinical characteristics were also examined. RESULTS: Of the 189 reexcision specimens, 47 (24.9%) contained RNCs. The proportion of specimens with RNC on reexcision was significantly greater if the original lesion was removed by punch biopsy rather than by shave or elliptical excision (38.3% vs 22.0% vs 10.5%, respectively; p < 0.03). Lesions located on the chest had a higher likelihood of RNCs than those on the back or leg (52.2% vs 21.7%; p = 0.009; 52.2% vs 9.7%, p < 0.002, respectively). Mean age was greater in those with RNCs at reexcision than those without (43.6 vs 37.9 years, respectively; p < 0.0001). The proportion of specimens with RNCs at reexcision was greater in those that had both lateral margins involved than in those that had nevus cells in either one or neither of the lateral margins in the original biopsy specimens (39.7% vs 24.0% vs 7.8%, respectively; p = 0.0005). One of the 189 reexcision specimens (0.5%) contained @entity320 , although the original histopathologic diagnosis was an atypical @entity8205 . CONCLUSION: We identified several clinical and histopathologic factors that are strongly associated with the presence of RNCs on reexcision.

title: Atypical XXXX . Clinical and histopathologic predictors of residual tumor at reexcision.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic lesions', 'atypical melanocytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity8205 :: ('MESH:D009508', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic nevus']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic nevi']

answer: @entity8205 :: (MESH:D009508,Disease) :: ['melanocytic nevi']


abstract: To confirm that alpha1, beta adrenoceptor antagonists and @entity11154 blockers (ARBs) have different abilities to attenuate progressive @entity1283 despite their comparable lowering of blood pressure, we compared the effect of these agents alone or in combination on @entity101 @entity1283 . Eight-week-old spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) were divided into 7 groups. Single administration of @entity16427 , @entity2165 , or @entity9886 , or half-dose combinations of these drugs were given orally for 6 weeks. The control group did not receive any drugs. The heart weight-to-body weight ratio (HW/BW), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), plasma @entity18107 ( @entity18107 ) and left ventricular @entity18107 mRNA expression were measured after 6-week administration. Blood pressure did not differ among the drug-treated groups, all of which showed lower blood pressure than the control group. The HW/BW and LVMI of the drug-treated groups, except the @entity16427 group, were lower than in the control group. Moreover, the LVMI values of the groups receiving @entity9886 were significantly lower than those in the groups without @entity9886 (p < 0.05). Plasma @entity18107 of the drug-treated groups was lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). The left ventricular @entity18107 mRNA expression of the drug-treated groups, except the @entity16427 group, was lower than that in the control group. The @entity2165 group showed a higher level of @entity18107 mRNA than the groups receiving @entity9886 monotherapy or combination therapies (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the @entity11882 had the strongest attenuating effect on the development of @entity101 @entity1283 , and the alpha1 and beta adrenergic receptor blockers were more effective in combination than as monotherapies in SHR.

title: Different effects on inhibition of XXXX in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 by monotherapy and combination therapy of adrenergic receptor antagonists and/or the @entity11154 blocker under comparable blood pressure reduction.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity16427 :: ('MESH:D017292', 'Chemical') :: ['doxazosin']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity11154 :: ('81638(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 receptor']

entities_list: @entity18107 :: ('25105(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

answer: @entity1283 :: (MESH:D006332,Disease) :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity417 during chemotherapy is often left untreated. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents are frequently used to treat overt @entity417 . Their prophylactic use, however, remains controversial and raises concerns about cost-effectiveness. Therefore, we assessed the efficacy of a dose-reduction schedule in @entity417 prophylaxis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included @entity1 with untreated solid @entity5 about to receive @entity902 -based chemotherapy and had haemoglobin (Hb) levels >= 11 g/dL. @entity1307 -a was administered at a dose level of 3   10,000 U weekly as soon as Hb descended to < 13 g/dL. Dose reductions to 3   4,000 U and 3   2,000 U weekly were planned in 4-week intervals if Hb stabilised in the range of 11-13 g/dL. Upon ascending to >= 13 g/dL, @entity1307 was discontinued. @entity68 supplements of 100 mg intravenous doses were given weekly. Of 37 @entity1 who enrolled, 33 could be evaluated. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Their median Hb level was 13.7 (10.9-16.2) g/dL at baseline and descended to 11.0 (7.4-13.8) g/dL by the end of chemotherapy. @entity417 (Hb < 10 g/dL) was prevented in 24 @entity1 (73%). The mean dose requirement for @entity1307 -a was 3   5,866 U per week per @entity1 , representing a dose reduction of 41%. Treatment failed in nine @entity1 (27%), in part due to @entity1307 -a resistance in four (12%) and blood transfusion in three (9%) @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Dose reduction was as effective as fixed doses in @entity417 prophylaxis but reduced the amount of prescribed @entity1307 substantially.

title: Dose reduction of XXXX -alpha in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced @entity417 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['anaemia', 'Anaemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1307 :: (2056,Gene) :: ['epoetin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2331 /low @entity79 ( @entity79 ) can lead to @entity170 and is far more prevalent than @entity170 . The National @entity170 Foundation (NOF) has recommendations for prevention and treatment of low @entity79 ; however, the condition remains underrecognized and undertreated. We assessed practice patterns between physician knowledge of low @entity79 and prescribing of additional pharmacological therapies as defined by the NOF guidelines. METHODS: This is a retrospective, observational chart review of electronic medical records of 99 postmenopausal @entity1 aged > or =60 years with T-scores between -1.0 and -2.5 on baseline @entity79 done in 2003 at the Cleveland Clinic @entity1 's Health Center. Counseling, advisement of weightbearing exercise, recommendation of @entity460 and @entity560 supplementation, and adequate pharmacological therapy in the form of @entity171 , hormone therapy, or selective @entity172 receptor modulators (SERMs) were assessed. The management of bone specialists credentialed both by the International Society of Clinical Densitometry and the North American Menopause Society and non-bone specialists was also compared. RESULTS: Bone specialists were more likely than non-bone specialists to offer counseling in the form of letters, phone encounters, and follow-up office visits and recommend weightbearing exercises. Most physicians recommended @entity460 and @entity560 supplementation regardless of specialty. There is no significant difference in the prescribing of pharmacological agents vs. conservative measures for @entity6092 postmenopausal @entity1 by non-bone specialists vs. bone specialists as defined by the NOF guidelines, such that non-bone specialists did not treat these @entity1 any less aggressively than did bone specialists. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2331 is adequately managed in our institution regardless of physician group. However, non-bone specialists should consider more direct counseling about bone health and consider advisement of weightbearing exercise.

title: An observational study on the adherence to treatment guidelines of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['Osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity6092 :: ('MESH:C567172', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenic']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity2331 :: (MESH:D001851,Disease) :: ['osteopenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In many centers of pediatric care, treatment for @entity532 includes appendectomy followed by the use of parenteral broad spectrum antibiotics by. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the possibility of use of oral antibiotics during the postoperative period in @entity1 with complicated @entity697 , after a short administration of intravenous antibiotics. METHODS: This study shows the initial results of a controlled clinical trial on the use of postoperative sequential antibiotics (i.v. and oral) in @entity1 treated for complicated @entity697 . RESULTS: Between August and November 2009, 29 @entity1 were diagnosed and treated for complicated @entity697 in the Department of Pediatric Surgery. Of these @entity1 , 27 were included in the study. Twelve @entity1 received sequential postoperative antibiotic therapy (i.v. and oral) and 15 were treated according to the conventional scheme. The length of hospital stay was 3.61 days in the group @entity1 with sequential treatment, whereas in the group treated conventionally the hospital stay was 6.86 days. Costs were  256.56 USD in the group with sequential treatment with an increase of  581.99 USD for the group treated conventionally. CONCLUSIONS: Initial results show a shorter hospital stay and lower costs for the group of @entity1 with sequential postoperative antimicrobial therapy.

title: [Sequential antibiotic therapy in complicated XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complicated appendicitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: Ten previously untreated @entity1 with @entity356 were treated with @entity2879 , 120 mg/m2 intravenously (i.v.) on days 4, 5, and 6, @entity632 , 20 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1 and 7, and @entity900 , 40 mg/m2 i.v. on days 2 and 8 (EAP). @entity2879 , 240 mg/m2 on days 4, 5, and 6, was administered orally instead of intravenously in alternating cycles, and pharmacokinetic studies were performed in those who had previously undergone gastrectomy or who had @entity5 infiltrating the stomach to determine oral bioavailability. Nine @entity1 had advanced measurable @entity356 , and one @entity1 had an elevated carcinoembryonic antigen after surgery for synchronous gastric and @entity694 . The median age was 54 years (range 38-69), and the median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status was 2 (range 0-3). Nine of 10 @entity1 had poorly differentiated @entity420 . Twenty-four cycles were administered to 10 @entity1 , and hematologic data were available for 23 courses. ECOG grade 4 @entity1398 and @entity882 developed in 19 (83%) and 8 (53%) courses, respectively. Thirteen courses (54%) were complicated by fever requiring parenteral antibiotics. Two @entity1 (20%) died due to @entity1398 . The profound myelotoxicity observed in our study prompted us to terminate the investigation prior to completing accrual. The oral bioavailability of @entity2879 was 21% and 36% in the two @entity1 who had had prior gastrectomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Phase II trial of XXXX , @entity632 ( @entity632 ), and @entity900 (EAP regimen) in advanced @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide', 'Etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'neutropenic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3064 is involved in various @entity166 ranging from nosocomial community-acquired @entity281 to those acquired following war or natural disasters. The treatment has become exceedingly difficult partly because the bacterium can form biofilms. Therefore, it is imperative to elucidate mechanisms of the biofilm formation that may be exploited to develop therapeutic strategies. OBJECTIVE: To develop an assay by which the role of the bacterial extracellular proteins can be studied in mediating cell adhesion and biofilm formation. METHODS: Biofilm mutants of A. baumannii were generated. Proteins from the cell-free spent cultures and outer membrane fractions of the mutants and the wild type strain were characterized by @entity214 -PAGE based proteomic analysis. The PAGE-based membrane binding assays were developed to examine bacterial adhesion to the released proteins immobilized on the blotting membranes. RESULTS: The mutants exhibited @entity8233 and in production of the biofilm-related proteins, such as OmpA. A novel PAGE-based membrane binding assay was established, and the results show attachment of the wild type cells to the released proteins in contrast to that of the mutant cells deficient in the outer membrane proteins. The results imply that these mutants have lost the cell surface-associated proteins that mediate cell adhesion to the released proteins. CONCLUSION: This novel assay can be used to study the live bacterial adhesion to extracellular proteins. The results suggest that the outer membrane proteins may mediate cell attachment through binding to the released proteins for biofilm formation.

title: Adhesion of XXXX to extracellular proteins detected by a live cell-protein binding assay.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['deficiencies in formation of biofilms']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['acinetobacter baumannii']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the surgical outcome of @entity1152 ( @entity1152 ) without @entity292 for 24 years at a single tertiary center for pediatric surgery. METHODS: The study used a retrospective chart review of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1152 without @entity292 between 1981 and 2005. RESULTS: Of 33 @entity1 with @entity1152 without @entity292 , 31 charts were available. Mean birth weight was 2327 g (range, 905-3390 g), and 71% were male. Most common associated anomalies were cardiac (n = 6; 19%) and renal (n = 5; 16%), followed by vertebral (n = 4; 13%) and anorectal (n = 2; 7%). The median initial esophageal gap was 5 vertebral bodies. Six had a primary repair, and 25 @entity1 had esophageal replacement at a median age of 7 months. This involved gastric transposition in 20 (1 followed failed jejunal interposition), colonic interposition in 5, jejunal interposition in 1 (after a failed colonic), and repair at another center in 1. With a median review of 9 years, 21 @entity1 had long-term sequelae with the need for multiple further surgical procedures including an antireflux procedure in 5. One @entity1 died. CONCLUSIONS: Management of @entity1152 without @entity292 remains challenging. Most @entity1 required staged treatment that included esophageal replacement. The frequency of late complications indicates the need for programmed long-term review.

title: Surgical outcomes of XXXX without @entity292 for 24 years at a single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia', 'EA']

answer: @entity1152 :: (MESH:D004933,Disease) :: ['esophageal atresia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: One developing strategy for @entity28 treatment has been to use combinations of differently acting pharmacotherapies to improve @entity353 with fewer adverse effects. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the combination of @entity836 ( @entity3696 ), an opioid antagonist acting on the reward system, and exendin-4 (Ex-4), a @entity15212 agonist acting on satiety signaling, would produce larger reductions in food intake than either alone in @entity35 . Because the anorectic potencies of both compounds have been associated with @entity390 and malaise, the influence of these drug combinations on the acquisition of a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) was also determined. METHODS: In Experiment 1, the acute anorectic effects of @entity3696 (0.32-3.2   mg   kg(-1); intraperitoneally (i.p.)) and Ex-4 (1-10    g   kg(-1); i.p.) were assessed alone or in combination. Combinational doses were further investigated by the repeated daily administration of 1   mg   kg(-1) @entity3696 +3.2    g   kg(-1) Ex-4 for 4 days. In Experiment 2, both compounds alone or in combination were used as unconditioned stimuli in a series of CTA tests. RESULTS: @entity3696 and Ex-4, alone or in combination, suppressed food intake in a dose-dependent manner, and the interaction on food intake between @entity3696 and Ex-4 was additive. In the CTA paradigm, @entity3696 (1   mg   kg(-1)) alone did not support acquisition, whereas a CTA was evident with doses of Ex-4 (1 or 3.2    g   kg(-1)). Combinations of @entity3696 and Ex-4 also resulted in a more rapid and robust acquisition of a CTA. CONCLUSION: Given that the @entity3696 and Ex-4 combination produces additive effects on not only food intake reduction but also food aversion learning, this specific drug combination does not have the benefit of minimizing the adverse effects associated with each individual drug. These data suggest that it is necessary to evaluate both the positive and adverse effects at early stages of combinational drug development.

title: Additive feeding inhibitory and aversive effects of XXXX and exendin-4 combinations.

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity836 :: (MESH:D009271,Chemical) :: ['naltrexone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment, and survival of adult @entity1 with @entity8 treated at our institution during the past 13 years. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed to collect the demographic distribution, clinical manifestation, treatment, and outcome data about 13 adult @entity1 of @entity8 treated at our institution from January 1996 to January 2008. The clinical parameters were analyzed to determine the effects on survival by logistic regression. RESULTS: Mean age at diagnosis was 45.7 years (range 20 to 71), and 61.5% (8/13) were female. Mean @entity5 diameter was (11.1 +/- 10.2) cm (range 3 to 34 cm), 53.9% (7/13) had direct invasion of renal capsule, and 23.1% (3/13) had @entity3 . The follow-up information of 11 cases was available, and duration of follow-up was an average of 39.2 (range 9-81) months. The overall survival (OS) rate at 1, 3, and 5 years was 81.8%, 54.5%, and 16.2% respectively. 8 (72.7%) @entity1 developed @entity3 , and 9 (81.8%) @entity1 eventually died. The survival of the @entity1 did not show correlations with age, pathologic grade, extrarenal component, @entity3 , complete resection or not and chemotherapy or not. CONCLUSION: Primary @entity8 has a poor survival prognosis regardless of the underlying histological and clinical features.

title: [Primary XXXX : a clinicopathological study of 13 cases at a high-volume institution].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'lymphovascular invasion']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['leiomyosarcoma of the kidney']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity5535 ( @entity5535 ) solutions with mild concentration of @entity1372 have been used in some burn centers to maintain plasma volume without infusing larger fluids volumes. To evaluate the fluid requirements during resuscitation with lactated Ringer's solution and to realize resuscitation with @entity5535 , we suggest the following clinical trial. Specific objectives include fluid loads, @entity1372 loads, and fluid accumulation. METHOD: This prospective study included 110 @entity1 with severe burns. The first group included @entity1 resuscitated in the beginning with lactated Ringer's solution, according to Parkland formula for adults and Shriner formula for @entity1 . In the other group, the @entity1 were resuscitated with @entity5535 solution. @entity1 are divided in 2 groups for comparison. RESULTS: There is difference between @entity1372 loads (P = .03), fluid load in the first hour (P = .001), @entity1372 load in the first hour (P = .001), and net fluid accumulation (P = .0025). There is a difference regarding plasma @entity1372 and plasma osmolality in the first hour (P = .003, P = .002). There is difference regarding @entity1372 given (P = .001) and @entity1372 excreted (P = .001) in 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertonic resuscitation consists in giving a higher fluid and @entity1372 load in the first hour of therapy that is accompanied with a decrease in fluid requirements and fluid accumulation for the first 24 hours of @entity1457 .

title: Comparison of hypertonic vs isotonic fluids during resuscitation of severely burned XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['burn shock']

entities_list: @entity5535 :: ('MESH:D007775', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic lactate saline', 'HLS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity4903 ( @entity4903 ), disfiguring proptosis and @entity892 impair @entity1 ' quality of life both at home and at work. METHODS: From late 2006 to the beginning of 2008, 250 outpatients in an @entity2194 filled out a questionnaire about their quality of life, @entity717 , and use of psychotherapy. 400 physicians who referred their @entity4903 @entity1 to the clinic also participated in a survey on these issues. RESULTS: 45% of the @entity1 complained of restrictions in their daily activities, and 38% reported @entity73 . 36% were on sick leave because of @entity4903 . 28% were disabled, 5% had retired early, and 3% had lost their jobs. @entity1 with severe @entity1319 were on sick leave for longer times and were more likely to be disabled. 21% underwent psychotherapy. @entity1 who had been on sick leave for a long time and/or were disabled were more likely to undergo psychotherapy. Among the physicians answering the survey, 75% stated that they were taking care of temporarily disabled @entity1 , while 34% were taking care of permanently disabled @entity1 . 38% were treating @entity4903 @entity1 who were undergoing psychotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that @entity1 with @entity4903 suffer considerable emotional stress and @entity73 and point to the need for preventive care and rapid rehabilitation.

title: Quality of life and XXXX in @entity4903 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['interdisciplinary thyroid and eye clinic']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['occupational impairment', 'impaired self-perception']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['EO and motility disorders']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['occupational disability']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine orbitopathy', 'EO']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['occupational disability']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Gastroesophageal reflux may contribute to the development of @entity409 and @entity15809 . Common dictum suggests that if upper esophageal sphincter tone is reduced through cricopharyngeal myotomy, symptoms of @entity8823 may worsen. We hypothesized that @entity1 who undergo myotomy should show @entity1109 with concurrent worsening of reflux symptomatology and that these changes would be greater in those @entity1 undergoing complete versus partial myotomy. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed for @entity1 who underwent endoscopic or open cricopharyngeal myotomy, with or without Zenker's diverticulectomy. Preoperative and postoperative reflux symptomatology was subjectively measured with the @entity304 ( @entity304 ), and @entity1282 symptomatology was measured with the Eating Assessment Tool 10 (EAT-10). @entity1 who underwent partial myotomy via endoscopic stapling of @entity15809 were compared with @entity1 who underwent complete myotomy (either endoscopic laser-assisted or via an open transcervical approach). The @entity1 were further subdivided into three groups for data analysis: endoscopic staple diverticulotomy, laser cricopharyngeal myotomy, and open approach. RESULTS: A total of 41 @entity1 charts were reviewed. Of these 41 @entity1 , 17 underwent endoscopic stapler-assisted diverticulotomy, 4 underwent endosopic laser-assisted cricopharyngeal myotomy, and 20 underwent open transcervical cricopharyngeal myotomy, with diverticulectomy as indicated. Mean pre- and postoperative RSIs were 21.8 and 8.9, respectively (P   <   0.001). Mean pre- and postoperative EAT-10 scores were 19.1 and 5.0, respectively (P   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 ' @entity304 significantly improved after cricopharyngeal myotomy, with significant improvement in @entity1282 symptoms. Concern for worsening of @entity304 following surgery does not appear to be clinically common.

title: Improvement in the XXXX Following Surgery for Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['reflux symptoms', 'RSI', 'Reflux Symptom Index']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['cricopharyngeal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['decreased dysphagia symptoms']

entities_list: @entity15809 :: ('MESH:D016672', 'Disease') :: ["Zenker's diverticulum"]

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity8823 :: ('MESH:D057045', 'Disease') :: ['laryngopharyngeal reflux']

answer: @entity304 :: (MESH:D010302,Disease) :: ['Reflux Symptom Index']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity955 and previous @entity385 ( @entity385 )/transient @entity63 attack ( @entity63 ) are at high risk of recurrent cerebrovascular events despite anticoagulation. In this prespecified subgroup analysis, we compared @entity1229 with @entity14242 in @entity1 with versus without previous @entity385 / @entity63 . METHODS: ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 (Effective Anticoagulation With @entity6236 Next Generation in @entity955 in @entity583 48) was a double-blind trial of 21   105 @entity1 with @entity955 randomized to @entity1229 (international normalized ratio, 2.0-3.0; median time-in-therapeutic range, 68.4%) versus once-daily @entity14242 (higher-dose @entity14242 regimen [HDER], 60/30 mg; lower-dose @entity14242 regimen, 30/15 mg) with 2.8-year median follow-up. Primary end points included all @entity64 /systemic embolic events (efficacy) and @entity548 (safety). Because only HDER is approved, we focused on the comparison of HDER versus @entity1229 . RESULTS: Of 5973 (28.3%) @entity1 with previous @entity385 / @entity63 , 67% had CHADS2 ( @entity712 , @entity101 , age, @entity6 , prior @entity64 @entity63 ) >3 and 36% were >= 75 years. Compared with 15   132 without previous @entity385 / @entity63 , @entity1 with previous @entity385 / @entity63 were at higher risk of both @entity1031 and @entity548 ( @entity64 /systemic embolic events 2.83% versus 1.42% per year; P<0.001; @entity548 3.03% versus 2.64% per year; P<0.001; @entity932 , 0.70% versus 0.40% per year; P<0.001). Among @entity1 with previous @entity385 / @entity63 , annualized @entity932 rates were lower with HDER than with @entity1229 (0.62% versus 1.09%; absolute risk difference, 47 [8-85] per 10   000 @entity1 -years; hazard ratio, 0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.36-0.92; P=0.02). No treatment subgroup interactions were found for primary efficacy (P=0.86) or for @entity932 (P=0.28). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity955 with previous @entity385 / @entity63 are at high risk of recurrent @entity1031 and @entity548 . HDER is at least as effective and is safer than @entity1229 , regardless of the presence or the absence of previous @entity385 or @entity63 . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00781391.

title: Outcomes With XXXX Versus @entity1229 in @entity1 With Previous Cerebrovascular Events: Findings From ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 (Effective Anticoagulation With @entity6236 Next Generation in @entity955 in @entity583 48).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'major bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['/transient ischemic attack', 'TIA', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial Fibrillation-Thrombolysis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['IS', 'ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity14242 :: (MESH:C552171,Chemical) :: ['Edoxaban']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the outcomes in @entity1 who had undergone either open nephroureterectomy or conservative endoscopic surgery (ureteroscopic or percutaneous management) for upper @entity3484 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of the data for @entity1 treated surgically for upper @entity3484 from 1990 to 2004. The data included @entity1 sex, age at diagnosis, mode of diagnosis, smoking history, history of @entity150 , type of surgery, complications, and @entity5 site, size, stage, grade, recurrence, and progression. We also evaluated the recurrence and survival rates. RESULTS: Data were analyzed for 97 @entity1 . The median @entity1 age was 68 years. Sixteen @entity1 had a history of @entity150 . The surgical procedure was open nephroureterectomy in 54 @entity1 , ureteroscopy in 27, and percutaneous endoscopic ablation in 16. The @entity5 stage, grade, and site were independent prognostic factors for survival in a multivariate analysis (P <0.05). The 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 81.9% for low-grade @entity5 and 47.3% for high-grade @entity5 (P = 0.0001). A correlation (P = 0.002) was found between low-grade @entity5 and superficial @entity5 . In @entity1 with low-grade @entity5 (n = 46), the 5-year disease-specific survival rate after nephroureterectomy, ureteroscopy, and percutaneous endoscopy was 84%, 80.7%, and 80%, respectively (P = 0.89); the corresponding 5-year @entity5 -free survival rates were 75.3%, 71.5%, and 72% (P = 0.78). CONCLUSIONS: Conservative surgery can be recommended as an alternative to nephroureterectomy for low-grade or superficial upper @entity3484 . For @entity1 with high-grade or invasive @entity5 to be candidates for conservative surgery will require the development of additional prognostic factors (eg, molecular markers). These @entity1 require long-term postoperative surveillance.

title: Comparison of open nephroureterectomy and ureteroscopic and percutaneous management of upper XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3484 :: ('MESH:D014571', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity3484 :: (MESH:D014571,Disease) :: ['urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma']


abstract: Stem cell and more differentiated neural cell transplantation strategies are an intriguing approach for neural repair to augment rehabilitation interventions after @entity64 . In the cortex, exogenous cells could create, augment, or extend in time endogenous peri- @entity1188 and remote molecular signals, such as those for neurogenesis, cell differentiation, axonal and dendritic sprouting, network connectivity, and long-term potentiation, as well as deliver engineered genes and provide replacement cells in a network. If demyelinated axons exist in the periphery of an @entity1188 , they could be targets for remyelination to reestablish conductivity. Much is unknown, however, about the mechanisms by which pluripotent embryonic and multipotent neural stem cells serve as agents of therapeutic plasticity. The robustness of their effects on neuromodulation, reorganization, regeneration, and behavioral recovery is a work in progress. Invasive interventions may have adverse effects not appreciated in preclinical testing. These should initially be offered only to @entity1 with specific @entity73 after it is clinically certain that major disabilities will not improve. If a cellular strategy is very safe, it may be offered to subjects with moderate impairments when they are no longer likely to make further functional gains. Clinical trial designs are suggested that take into account the optimal timing after @entity64 and specific targets for cellular therapies to foster repair, remapping, and modulation of neural circuits. Cell-mediated rehabilitation would then use task-specific therapies in an optimal dose to maximize training-induced reorganization and learning and, most important, reduce unwanted disability.

title: Behavioral, temporal, and spatial targets for cellular transplants as adjuncts to rehabilitation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['profound impairments']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Investigating epidemiology of metastatic @entity694 is challenging, because @entity5 registries seldom record metastatic sites. We used a population based approach to assess metastatic spread in @entity694 . 49,096 @entity1 with @entity14 were identified from the nationwide Swedish @entity5 Registry. Metastatic sites were identified from the National @entity1 Register and Cause of Death Register. @entity5 more frequently metastasized into thoracic organs (OR   =   2.4) and the nervous system (1.5) and less frequently within the peritoneum (0.3). Mucinous and signet ring @entity420 more frequently metastasized within the peritoneum compared with generic @entity420 (3.8 [colon]/3.2 [rectum]), and less frequently into the liver (0.5/0.6). Lung metastases occurred frequently together with nervous system metastases, whereas peritoneal metastases were often listed with ovarian and pleural metastases. @entity1514 metastases are almost as common as liver metastases in @entity5 @entity1 with a low stage at diagnosis. In @entity14 @entity1 with solitary metastases the survival differed between 5 and 19 months depending on T or N stage. Metastatic patterns differ notably between @entity694 . This knowledge should help clinicians to identify @entity1 in need for extra surveillance and gives insight to further studies on the mechanisms of @entity3 .

title: Patterns of XXXX in @entity694 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer', 'rectal cancer', 'Rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon and rectal cancers', 'colon and rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: @entity3215 , widespread endocrine disruptors, cause the disturbance of thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis in @entity1 and animals. However, the exact mechanism of @entity1374 caused by @entity3215 is still unknown. In order to clarify the hypotheses that @entity1110 oxidase (NOX) and subsequent @entity4026 pathway may play roles in @entity1374 , sixty @entity35 were randomly divided into four groups: control group, @entity12053 treated ( @entity35322 ) group, received @entity12824 with @entity12053 treatment ( @entity3827 + @entity35322 ) group, and drug control (APO) group. Serum thyroid hormone levels were evaluated. The morphological change of thyroid tissue was analyzed under the light and transmission electron microscopy. @entity8562 , @entity20821 , and @entity4026 expression in the thyroid tissue was evaluated by immune-histochemical staining. Oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines were detected. The following results were reduced after @entity12824 treatment: (1) serum @entity6145 , (2) thyroid pathological injuries, (3) thyroid @entity1865 , (4) thyroid ultrastructural change, (5) serum inflammatory cytokines, and (6) thyroid expression of @entity8562 , @entity20821 , and @entity4026 . These results suggested that NOX inhibition attenuates @entity1374 induced by @entity35322 in @entity35 , presumably because of its role in preventing ROS generation and inhibiting the activation of @entity4026 pathway. Our findings may provide new therapeutic targets for @entity3215 induced @entity1374 .

title: XXXX Oxidase Inhibitor @entity12824 Attenuates @entity12053 -Induced @entity1374 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity6145 :: ('CHEBI:60311', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity1110 :: (MESH:D009249,Chemical) :: ['NADPH']


abstract: Large sessile @entity1127 represent a treatment challenge. Nowadays there are discrepancies regarding how to proceed with them because of morbidity, the possibility of incomplete endoscopic resection, and the high possibility of a coexisting @entity5 . This study was performed to determine the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic removal of sessile @entity2513 larger than 4 cm. Seventy-four @entity1 with a total of 74 sessile @entity1127 larger than 4 cm in diameter were treated endoscopically. @entity1127 were removed using @entity3503 plasma coagulation (APC) as an adjunct to piecemeal technique. Surgery was recommended in @entity1 with invasive @entity5 . @entity1 with favorable histology (low-grade @entity1141 [LDG] or @entity1893 [ @entity1893 ]) were followed up with monthly endoscopies untill total ablation of the lesion, and then at 3- to 6-month intervals. LGD was found in 38 @entity1 , @entity1893 in 24, and invasive @entity5 in the remaining 12 @entity1 . A total of 54 @entity1 were followed up for at least 6 months. Recurrence rate of @entity1127 with favorable histology was 9.2% (5/54). Postpolypectomy @entity548 was the only complication, observed in 10 @entity1 (13.5%). We conclude that piecemeal polypectomy plus APC without saline injection, performed by an expert endoscopist, is a safe and effective treatment for all LGD or @entity1893 large sessile @entity1127 .

title: Endoscopic removal of large sessile XXXX : is it safe and effective?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal polyps', 'polyps', 'Polyps']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['high-grade dysplasia', 'HGD']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity2513 :: (MESH:C563365,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenomas']


abstract: Whole genome sequencing is a powerful tool in the discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and small insertions/deletions (indels) among mutant strains, which simplifies forward genetics approaches. However, identification of the causative mutation among a large number of non-causative SNPs in a mutant strain remains a big challenge. In the unicellular biflagellate green alga @entity2060 , we generated a SNP/indel library that contains over 2 million polymorphisms from four wild-type strains, one highly polymorphic strain that is frequently used in meiotic mapping, ten mutant strains that have flagellar assembly or motility defects, and one mutant strain, imp3, which has a mating defect. A comparison of polymorphisms in the imp3 strain and the other 15 strains allowed us to identify a deletion of the last three @entity1522 , Y313F314L315, in a protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit ( @entity34457 ) in the imp3 strain. Introduction of a wild-type HA-tagged @entity34457 rescues the mutant phenotype, but mutant HA- @entity34457 at Y313 or L315 fail to rescue. Our immunoprecipitation results indicate that the Y313, L315, or YFL/\ mutations do not affect the binding of @entity34457 to the scaffold subunit, PP2A-2r. In contrast, the Y313, L315, or YFL/\ mutations affect both the stability and the localization of @entity34457 . The @entity34457 protein is less abundant in these mutants and fails to accumulate in the basal body area as observed in transformants with either wild-type HA- @entity34457 or a HA- @entity34457 with a @entity34458 change. The accumulation of HA- @entity34457 in the basal body region disappears in mated dikaryons, which suggests that the localization of @entity34457 may be essential to the mating process. Overall, our results demonstrate that the terminal YFL tail of @entity34457 is important in the regulation on @entity2060 mating.

title: Whole genome sequencing identifies a deletion in protein phosphatase 2A that affects its stability and localization in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2060 :: ('3055', 'Species') :: ['Chlamydomonas', 'Chlamydomonas reinhardtii']

answer: @entity2060 :: (3055,Species) :: ['Chlamydomonas reinhardtii']


abstract: The objective of this double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study is to evaluate safety, tolerability, and enhancement on healing of @entity10137 ( @entity10137 ) administered topically in @entity1 with @entity3179 . Three groups of @entity1 , coming from 10 sites, 5 from Italy and 5 from Poland, will be enrolled sequentially. Twenty-four @entity1 within each group will be randomized to @entity10137 or placebo in a 3:1 ratio and will be treated with increasing doses of @entity10137 . When review safety data show no-dose-limiting adverse events, a new group will be enrolled. So, the study design comprehends 72 @entity1 treated for 84 days and followed for 14 days at the end of treatment. Blood samples will be taken on day 0 and at the end of treatment visit to measure plasma levels of @entity10137 . Every week each @entity1 is visited and blood samples are taken for clinical chemistry, hematology, coagulation, and urinalysis. Each @entity1066 is treated with debridement, if necessary, and compression therapy with standard compression stockings class 2. Efficacy parameters are incidence of healing defined as the percentage of @entity1 who have complete closure of the index @entity1066 at day 84 and, mean time to complete healing. @entity1066 area will be calculated by digital planimetry and photographic analysis. The study is ongoing and a total of 21 @entity1 have been enrolled so far in the first treatment group at the lower dose. @entity1 ' compliance and motivated and well-trained teams seem to be the most suitable parameters of a successfully conducted study.

title: @entity10137 and XXXX : clinical remarks on a European prospective, randomized study on safety, tolerability, and enhancement on healing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous ulcers']

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['venous ulcers']


abstract: To investigate @entity2 risk, the authors conducted a historical cohort mortality study of 4,459 mild steel welders who had been employed at three midwestern plants which manufactured heavy equipment. Follow-up began in the mid-1950s and extended through 1988. All welders had at least 2 years welding experience (average duration, 8.5 years). This cohort had no occupational exposure to @entity1355 or stainless steel fumes (containing @entity3406 and @entity3407 ), two potential confounders in previous welders studies. A comparison population of 4,286 nonwelders, all with at least 2 years employment at the same plants, was also studied. Nonwelders had never been welders and were allowed to have no more than 90 days employment as a painter, foundryman, or machinist. Sampling data collected from 1974-1987 indicated that welders were exposed to 6-7 mg/m3 of total particulate and 3-4 mg/m3 of @entity1933 , while nonwelders had negligible exposures to welding fumes. When compared with the United States population, both welders and nonwelders had elevated rates for @entity2 (standardized mortality ratios (SMRs): welders, @entity5047 = 1.07; nonwelders, @entity5047 = 1.17), but neither @entity5047 was significantly elevated. Limited smoking data based on a 1985 survey indicated that both welders and nonwelders smoked more than the United States population, possibly accounting for part of their elevated @entity2 rates. There was no trend of increased risk for welders with increased duration of exposure. The only other cause of @entity204 significantly elevated was @entity2415 among welders. Nonmalignant @entity1576 was not elevated for welders ( @entity5047 = 0.96). When welders were compared with nonwelders directly for @entity2 , the rate ratio was 0.90.

title: XXXX in mild steel welders.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of @entity842 (NO) and endothelin (ET) serum level in the Guangxi BA-MA minipigs whose carotid arteries were injured by balloon denudation and in the @entity1 with carotid stent assisted angioplasty. METHODS: Twelve Guangxi BA-MA minipigs were chosen. High fat/ @entity165 feeding and endovascular balloon denudation were used to create a carotid @entity731 animal model. Blood samples were collected from peripheral veins before starting the procedure, and again, at 2 and 3 weeks after the procedure, respectively. Serum NO and ET concentrations of blood samples were tested. Nineteen @entity1 with @entity543 who underwent stent assisted angioplasty were randomly selected, and their serum NO and ET were tested using the same methods as above. RESULTS: In the animal group, there was a significant decrease of mean NO concentration at 2 weeks after carotid injury (t-test, P < 0.05), however, no significant change of ET was observed. A very significant increase of ET was observed at 3 weeks after the procedure (t-test, P < 0.01). In the @entity1 group, there were no significant differences among serum NO or ET concentration of peripheral vein blood before, immediately after, and 6 h after the endovascular treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, a decrease of NO concentration and an increase of ET concentration of peripheral vein blood are found in BA-MA minipigs after carotid arteries are injured by balloon denudation, which might be a cue for the formation of @entity731 . However, no significant changes are observed in this group of @entity1 who underwent carotid angioplasty treatment. Therefore, further studies are needed.

title: [Changes of XXXX and endothelin serum level after carotid balloon denudation or stent assisted angioplasty: an experimental and clinical observation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'artery atherosclerotic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rotator cuff tears are the most common @entity1796 seen in orthopaedic @entity1 . @entity2057 and @entity1560 in rotator cuff muscles are considered among the key factors responsible for the failure of attempted repair of a massive rotator cuff tear. However, the pathophysiology of rotator cuff @entity2057 and @entity1560 remains largely unknown, partly because of the lack of appropriate small animal models. The goal of this study was to develop a @entity19 model of @entity2057 and @entity1560 after a rotator cuff tear. We also sought to study the role of denervation on @entity2057 and @entity1560 after a rotator cuff tear. METHODS: Adult wild-type FVB/ @entity19 were randomly divided into three groups. @entity19 in different groups received unilateral complete supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendon transection, suprascapular nerve transection, or both procedures. Sham surgery was performed on the contralateral shoulder to serve as a control. @entity19 were killed twelve weeks after surgery. Histological analysis and high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging were used to evaluate @entity2057 and fat infiltration after a rotator cuff tear. RESULTS: Significant and consistent @entity2057 and @entity1560 were observed in the rotator cuff muscles after rotator cuff tendon transection. We further found that denervation significantly increases the amount of @entity2057 and @entity1560 after a rotator cuff tear. CONCLUSIONS: We successfully developed a novel @entity19 model of a massive rotator cuff tear, which simulates major pathological changes, including @entity2057 and @entity1560 after massive rotator cuff tears seen in @entity1 .

title: A XXXX model of massive rotator cuff tears.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1796 :: ('MESH:D013708', 'Disease') :: ['tendon injury']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['Muscle atrophy', 'muscle atrophy']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms in phase I and phase II metabolism genes and DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of workers exposed to @entity7398 monomer (VCM). METHODS: 87 workers occupationally exposed to VCM were investigated. DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes was measured by Comet Assay; the workers were divided into case, control groups based on the comet frequency. Genotypes of @entity5321 ( @entity31529 ) were identified by the PCR-RFLP, null genotypes of @entity4192 and @entity9164 were detected by PCR. The genotype of @entity4191 ( @entity31530 ), @entity4187 ( @entity31531 , @entity31532 ) and @entity11107 ( @entity31533 , @entity31534 , @entity31535 , @entity31536 , @entity6901 , @entity6904 ) were tested by the TaqMan PCR method. RESULTS: The distribution of the c1c1 and c1c2 + c2c2 genotype of @entity5321 ( @entity31529 ), AA and AG + GG genotype of @entity4191 ( @entity31530 ), AA and AC + CC genotype of @entity11107 ( @entity31534 ) were significantly different in DNA damage group and control group by chi2 test (P = 0.029, P = 0.004 and P = 0.002, respectively). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the individuals carrying @entity4191 ( @entity31530 ) AG + GG genotypes had 13.393-fold (95% CI: 2.410-74.431, P < 0.01) increased risk of DNA damage in comparison with those with @entity4191 AA genotypes, and individuals carrying @entity11107 ( @entity31534 ) AC + CC genotypes had 0.064-fold (95% CI: 0.006-0.637, P < 0.05) decreased risk of DNA damage in comparison with those with @entity11107 ( @entity31534 ) AA genotypes. Haplotypes analysis of polymorphisms in @entity11107 showed that the frequencies of TCCTAG haplotype in the controls were significant higher than those in the cases (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The subjects carrying @entity4191 rs947894 AG/GG genotypes and @entity11107 rsl105879 AA genotypes could be more susceptible to VCM-induced DNA damage. @entity11107 TCCTAG haplotype may be a protective genetic factor for DNA damage in VCM-exposed workers.

title: [Relationship between genetic polymorphisms of phase I and phase II metabolizing enzymes and DNA damage of workers exposed to XXXX monomer].

entities_list: @entity7398 :: ('MESH:D014752', 'Chemical') :: ['vinyl chloride']

answer: @entity7398 :: (MESH:D014752,Chemical) :: ['vinyl chloride']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Photoselective vaporization ( @entity12468 ) with the GreenLight HPS 120-W laser (GLL) was recently introduced for treatment of @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). OBJECTIVE: To compare results of GLL @entity12468 and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for treatment of @entity1067 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A total of 120 @entity1 with @entity1067 were randomly assigned to two equal groups: TURP or @entity12468 . MEASUREMENTS: Both groups were compared regarding all relevant preoperative, operative, and postoperative parameters. Functional results in terms of improvement of International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), maximum flow rate (Q(max)), and postvoid residual (PVR) urine were assessed at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 mo. A total of 55 and 54 @entity1 completed 36 mo of follow-up in the TURP and @entity12468 groups, respectively. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Baseline characteristics were comparable. Mean operative time was significantly shorter for TURP. Compared to preoperative values, there was significant reduction in hemoglobin and serum @entity1372 levels at the end of TURP only. A significant difference in favor of @entity12468 was achieved regarding the duration of catheterization and hospital stay. In the @entity12468 , no major @entity3816 were recorded and none of the @entity1 required blood transfusion. Among TURP @entity1 , 12 (20%) required transfusion, 3 (5%) developed @entity751 , and capsule perforation was observed in 10 @entity1 . There was dramatic improvement in Q(max), IPSS, and @entity12468 compared with preoperative values and the degree of improvement was comparable in both groups at all time points of follow-up. Storage bladder symptoms were significantly higher in @entity12468 . By the end of 36 mo, five @entity1 in TURP and six in @entity12468 were lost to follow-up. A redo procedure was required in one TURP @entity1 and six @entity12468 @entity1 (p<0.05). Two TURP @entity1 and four @entity12468 @entity1 developed @entity1494 (p>0.05) treated by bladder neck incision; none in either group experienced @entity3832 or @entity322 . CONCLUSIONS: Compared with TURP, 120-W GLL @entity12468 is safe and effective in treatment of @entity1067 .

title: GreenLight HPS 120-W laser vaporization versus transurethral resection of the prostate for treatment of XXXX : a randomized clinical trial with midterm follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck contracture']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['TUR syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['urethral stricture']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative complications']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: A number of reports suggest that @entity221 is an effective adjunctive treatment modality in management of neural @entity5 . Recent studies have demonstrated a synergistic effect of induced @entity221 when coupled with @entity503 in an in vitro model. This study examines the effect of @entity503 and @entity221 in an in vivo @entity19 @entity521 model. Forty-seven Ajax white @entity19 (weighing 20 to 30 g) received a subaxillary @entity5 burden (C-1300 @entity19 @entity521 ) per trochar (1.25 x 10(6) cells). The @entity5 was then incubated for 9 days. @entity19 were then divided into four groups: group 1, controls (n = 15); group 2, @entity221 (n = 12); group 3, @entity503 (n = 10); and group 4, @entity503 with @entity221 (n = 10). @entity221 was induced with 40 to 69 mW/cm2 at 2,450 MHz microwave radiation for 4 minutes to achieve a temperature of 41.5 degrees C for 10 of 14 treatment days. @entity503 was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight for 10 of 14 treatment days. @entity19 were weighed and @entity5 size was determined daily. Animals were killed on day 21 and postmortem examination was performed, with @entity5 graded histologically. Animal weight, @entity5 weight, and @entity5 size were similar for all groups (P greater than .05). Mortality was 6% in group 1, 25% in group 2, 50% in group 3, and 40% in group 4 (P less than .05). Rate of @entity5 metastases was also statistically different from controls: group 1, 0%; group 2, 60%; group 3, 90%; and group 4, 90% (P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effect of @entity503 and @entity221 on XXXX @entity521 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'crest tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine', 'Chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'Hyperthermia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: The @entity1 was 63 year-old @entity1 . He had been diagnosed as @entity2799 ( @entity2799 ) and treated until 4 month before his death with complete remission. The @entity1 suddenly died 9 days after he complained of @entity10 . Autopsy and histopathologic findings were as follows: the left pleura was thick and calcificated with abscess, compatible with the findings of old @entity378 complicated with @entity2348 . Furthermore, polynuclear leukocytes and gram-positive micro-organisms were accumulated in the lungs, and @entity693 , pyonephritis, splenitis were also found. Bacteologically, @entity328 was detected from cadaver's blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Therefore, we concluded that the @entity1 was died of @entity326 caused by systemic infection of @entity328 . The mortality of @entity326 is high and in some @entity1 , causative organisms may not be isolated. In the present case, although the original @entity32 was left @entity5641 due to @entity328 , correct clinical diagnosis was not made before death as the @entity1 had lacked any complaints except for @entity10 . This case revealed that the cause of @entity944 was @entity295 induced by @entity328 instead of a relapse of @entity2799 . This case also illustrated the importance of reviewing the previous history of a @entity1 and doing postmortem bacteologic examination in a case of suspected @entity295 .

title: [An autopsy case of XXXX caused by untreated @entity295 after complete remission of @entity2799 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2799 :: ('MESH:D015473', 'Disease') :: ['APL', 'acute promyelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity5641 :: ('MESH:D010998', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['pyogenic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['occipital headache']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['sudden death']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the structural-functional relationships and the prognostic factors for @entity8 , @entity65 , and all-cause mortality in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity2316 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Japanese type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity2316 (n = 260) were enrolled. @entity1 were stratified by @entity633 ( @entity644 ) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at the time of renal biopsy. The outcomes were the first occurrence of @entity8 (requirement of dialysis or a 50% decline in eGFR from baseline), @entity65 ( @entity65 , nonfatal @entity583 , coronary interventions, or @entity64 ), and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: The factors associated with @entity633 ( @entity644 ) regardless of eGFR were @entity811 , @entity6 , low hemoglobin, and @entity8 . The factors associated with low eGFR regardless of @entity633 ( @entity644 ) were age and diffuse, nodular, tubulointerstitial, and @entity455 . The glomerular, tubulointerstitial, and @entity455 in @entity1 with normoalbuminuria (normal @entity644 ) and low eGFR were more advanced compared to those in @entity1 with normoalbuminuria (normal @entity644 ) and maintained eGFR. In addition, compared to @entity1 with micro-/macroalbuminuria (mild/severe @entity644 ) and low eGFR, their tubulointerstitial and @entity455 were similar or more advanced in contrast to @entity8 . The mean follow-up period was 8.1 years. There were 118 @entity8 , 62 @entity65 , and 45 @entity204 . The pathological determinants were @entity8 , interstitial @entity82 and @entity194 (IFTA), and @entity4288 for @entity8 , @entity4288 for @entity65 , and IFTA for all-cause mortality. The major clinical determinant for @entity8 and all-cause mortality was macroalbuminuria (severe @entity644 ). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that the characteristic pathological lesions as well as macroalbuminuria (severe @entity644 ) were closely related to the long-term outcomes of biopsy-proven @entity2316 in type 2 @entity6 .

title: Long-term outcomes of Japanese type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with biopsy-proven XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal events', 'glomerular lesions']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['nonfatal stroke']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['tubular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death', 'cardiovascular events']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: This study investigates the @entity137 of WGP 3-6, a @entity375 -derived beta-glucan ingredient, during single-dose acute and sub-chronic @entity137 studies in @entity35 . For the acute study, Fisher-344 @entity35 were administered WGP 3-6 via gavage at a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight, and any evidence of @entity137 was monitored over a 14-day period. WGP 3-6 was well tolerated, indicating that the LD(50) value is greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight. For the sub-chronic study, Fisher-344 @entity35 (10/sex/group) were randomly allocated to receive daily gavage treatment with WGP 3-6 at doses of 0, 2, 33.3, or 100 mg/kg body weight. Control and high-dose satellite recovery groups of each sex also were included. Full toxicological monitoring and endpoint investigations were performed throughout and upon completion of the study. No negative effects on animal weights or food consumption attributable to WGP 3-6 were evident at any dose. In addition, no mortality, clinical pathology, functional/behavioral, microscopic, or gross observations indicating @entity137 were observed. Sporadic changes in some biochemical and hematological parameters were observed; however, since the effects were within the physiological ranges in historical controls, were not dose-responsive, or were not observed in both sexes, they were determined to be of no toxicological significance. In conclusion, no adverse or toxic effects were observed after subchronic oral administration of 2, 33.3, or 100mg/kg body weight/day of WGP 3-6 in Fisher-344 @entity35 , and therefore, a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 100 mg/kg body weight/day, the highest dose tested, was determined.

title: Toxicological assessment of a particulate XXXX (1,3/1,6)-beta-D-glucan in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: PURPOSE: The potential synergy of modulating @entity902 -induced DNA damage by combining the proteasome inhibitor @entity1749 with @entity901 was studied in @entity1 with solid @entity5 , with special attention to avoidance of cumulative @entity2359 ( @entity2359 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: In a 3 + 3 dose escalation design, @entity1 received @entity1749 at 1.0-1.5 mg/m   on days 1 and 4 and @entity901 at 60-85 mg/m   on day 1 of a 14-day cycle. @entity2359 assessments were performed at the start of every two cycles. @entity901 pharmacokinetics (PK) were determined pre- and post- @entity1749 . RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 were enrolled with 25 (11 @entity1 , 14 @entity1 ) fully evaluable for @entity2359 assessments at cycle 2. The median age was 56 years (range 35-74 years); median number of cycles received 2 (range 1-10). At dose levels 2-5 (B 1.3 mg/m  ), @entity1 manifested @entity2359 grades 3 and 4 at a median 3.4 cycles (range 2-9 cycles): 3 had @entity2055 (one also with @entity16 or @entity551 , respectively) and 3 had just @entity16 . A 6th dose-level reducing @entity1749 to 1.0 mg/m   with @entity901 85 mg/m  ) was explored and no @entity2359 or dose limiting @entity137 were noted among 7 evaluable @entity1 (5 receiving two or more cycles). Four @entity1 experienced a partial response--one with @entity902 -resistant @entity43 , another with @entity5 , another with @entity189 , and a @entity1 with @entity201 . PK studies at dose levels 1 and 2 showed greater mean ultrafiltrable @entity902 when @entity901 was dosed after @entity1749 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1749 1.0 mg/m   * 2 every 14 days combines safely with @entity901 . At higher doses, cumulative @entity2359 (i.e., cerebellar signs and @entity16 ) occurs at an accelerated pace perhaps from a PK interaction.

title: A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of @entity901 and @entity1749 : activity, but dose-limiting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patient', 'women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin', 'Oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['ampulla of Vater carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['Bortezomib', 'bortezomib']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['NT', 'neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['neurotoxicity']