abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevalence of placental @entity311 has been widely used as a standard indicator to characterize @entity281 in epidemiologic surveys. Placental @entity311 poses a greater diagnostic challenge, accurate and sensitive diagnostic tool for @entity281 in pregnancy is needed. METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted at Medani Hospital, which serves catchment area which is characterized by unstable @entity311 transmission. One hundred and seven placentae were investigated for @entity281 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histology. RESULTS: out of 107 investigated placentae, 33 (30.8%) and 34 (31.8%) were positive for @entity311 by histology (two (2%) and 31(29.0%) were acute and past @entity281 , respectively) and PCR, respectively. Out of 33 positive by histology, 15 were positive by the PCR while 18 were negative. The sensitivity of the PCR was 45.5% (95% CI: 29.2%- 62.5%). Out of 74 which were negative by histology, 19 were positive by the PCR. This is translated in specificity of 74.3% (95% CI: 63.5%- 83.3%). Of those tested positive by the PCR, 15 were positive by the histology, while 19 were negative. This is translated into a positive predictive value of 44.1% (95% CI: 28.3%- 61.0%). Of those 73 tested negative by the PCR, 55 were negative according to histology while 23 were positive. This is translated into a negative predictive value of 75.3% (95% CI: 64.5%-84.2%). CONCLUSION: PCR had low sensitivity and specificity in comparison to placental histology, perhaps because the vast majority of the placental @entity281 were past @entity281 . Further research is needed.

title: Polymerase chain reaction and histology in diagnosis of placental @entity311 in an area of unstable XXXX transmission in Central Sudan.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['malaria infections', 'malaria infection', 'infections']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: The simple gas @entity1786 affects numerous physiological processes in the growth and development of higher plants. With the use of molecular genetic approaches, we are beginning to learn how plants perceive @entity1786 and how this signal is transduced. Components of @entity1786 signal transduction are defined by @entity1786 response mutants in @entity958 . The genes corresponding to two of these mutants, @entity58381 and @entity58381 , have been cloned. The @entity58381 gene encodes a homolog of two-component regulators that are known almost exclusively in prokaryotes. The two-component regulators in prokaryotes are involved in the perception and transduction of a wide range of environmental signals leading to adaptive responses. The @entity58382 gene encodes a homolog of the Raf family of @entity563 / @entity1889 protein kinases. Raf is part of a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade known to regulate cell growth and development in mammals, worms, and flies. The @entity1786 response pathway may, therefore, exemplify a conserved protein kinase cascade regulated by a two-component system. The dominance of all known mutant alleles of @entity58381 may be due to either constitutive activation of the @entity58381 protein or dominant interference of wild-type activity. The discovery of @entity958 genes encoding proteins related to @entity58381 suggests that the failure to recover recessive @entity58381 mutant alleles may be due to the presence of redundant genes.

title: The @entity1786 hormone response in XXXX : a eukaryotic two-component signaling system.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To define the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of @entity1311 when given as a weekly 96-hour infusion with @entity900 and radiotherapy for @entity1 with @entity418 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-four @entity1 with locally advanced @entity418 and three @entity1 with local recurrence or positive resection margins were treated. Weekly @entity1311 doses of 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 80 mg/m(2), given as a continuous 96-hour infusion, were administered with weekly @entity900 , 30 mg/m(2) on day 1, weeks 1 to 6, and concurrent radiation (50.4 Gy). Plasma @entity1311 steady-state levels were measured. RESULTS: Dose-limiting @entity137 , defined as a treatment break longer than 2 weeks for @entity137 , occurred in one @entity1 in the 80-mg/m(2)/wk dose level. Major causes for any (including < or = 2 weeks) treatment breaks were mediport complications and @entity221 , which occurred mostly at that dose level. At a @entity1311 dose of 60 mg/m(2)/wk, myelosuppression, mostly @entity1398 , was relatively mild and transient; @entity3136 , @entity2910 , @entity294 . and @entity1897 were uncommon and usually of grade 2 or less. Therefore, the MTD was established at 60 mg/m(2)/wk. The mean steady-state concentration of @entity1311 at the MTD was 17.2 nmol/L. Complete (R0) resection was possible in 16 (73%) of 22 @entity1 who underwent subsequent surgery, and the pathologic complete response rate was 24%. CONCLUSION: Weekly, 96-hour infusion of @entity1311 60 mg/m(2)/wk, given with concurrent @entity900 and radiotherapy, is a safe and tolerable regimen for @entity1 with localized @entity418 . Preliminary efficacy data are encouraging. This regimen is the basis of ongoing Radiation Therapy Oncology Group phase II randomized trials in esophageal and @entity356 .

title: Phase I trial of combined-modality therapy for localized @entity418 : escalating doses of continuous-infusion @entity1311 with XXXX and concurrent radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancers']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: A reduced exocrine pancreatic function supports the diagnosis of @entity1689 ( @entity1689 ) in symptomatic @entity1 . A sensitive test for a reduced exocrine function is decisive, especially when morphological changes are missing. The aim of this study was to compare the indirect faecal @entity23606 (FE-1) test with the direct Lundh test in @entity1 with and without definite diagnostic imaging findings. METHODS: Eighty-nine @entity1 with clinical signs suggesting @entity1689 or having an established diagnosis of @entity1689 had a Lundh test and an estimation of FE-1 performed. All @entity1 underwent abdominal ultrasonography and/or computed tomography. RESULTS: A significant correlation (r = 0.70, p < 0.02) was found between FE-1 and meal-stimulated intraduodenal lipase. Using the Lundh test as reference, the predictive values of a positive and negative FE-1 test were for all @entity1 investigated 81 and 73%, respectively. @entity1 with equivocal imaging findings had lower predictive values (positive predictive value 57%; negative predictive value 71%) as compared with @entity1 with moderate or marked imaging findings (positive predictive value 84%; negative predictive value 78%). Fair to moderate chance-corrected agreement was found between Lundh test and FE-1 concentration. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with imaging findings suggesting @entity1689 , FE-1 determination is a highly sensitive test for exocrine pancreatic function, but in @entity1 with equivocal imaging findings, the predictive power of FE-1 limits the test to serve as a reliable diagnostic tool.

title: The Lundh test and faecal @entity23606 determination in XXXX : a comparative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'chronic pancreatitis']

answer: @entity1689 :: (MESH:D050500,Disease) :: ['chronic pancreatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of @entity1760 supplementation in pregnancy on the incidence of @entity75 ( @entity75 ). DESIGN: A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study. SETTING: A Midwife Obstetric Unit and its two referral hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa. POPULATION: A group of 4494 black pregnant @entity1 of low socio-economic status. METHOD: Mothers, from the time of booking until delivery, were randomised to receive two identical tablets daily, containing either 128 mg slow-release @entity3106 or @entity1132 sugar. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary: The incidence of @entity75 . Secondary: The incidence of fetal heart rate decelerations, term Stillbirths, Low Apgar Scores, Meconium @entity1174 . RESULTS: The incidence of @entity75 (0.9%) was considerably less than anticipated (2%). There were 22 @entity1 in the placebo group and 15 @entity1 in the supplemented group (P = 0.279). The difference was not significant. Secondary outcomes such as late fetal heart rate decelerations (P = 0.002) and term @entity2209 (P = 0.016) were reduced significantly in the supplemented group, but this finding needs further substantiation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1760 supplementation did not reduce the incidence of @entity75 significantly, probably because the study was underpowered and compliance was relatively poor.

title: XXXX supplementation and perinatal hypoxia: outcome of a parallel group randomised trial in pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3106 :: ('MESH:C031183', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium stearate']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy', 'HIE']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirths']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['Aspiration Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium', 'Magnesium']

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['Magnesium']


abstract: CONTEXT: The natural history of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy can be long but variable. Better risk assessment models are needed to identify @entity1 who are at high risk for @entity263 death early and who may benefit from aggressive salvage treatment and to identify @entity1 who are at low risk for @entity263 death and can be safely observed. OBJECTIVES: To define risk factors for @entity263 death following radical prostatectomy and to develop tables to risk stratify for @entity263 -specific survival. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Retrospective cohort study of 379 @entity1 who had undergone radical prostatectomy at an urban tertiary care hospital between 1982 and 2000 and who had a biochemical recurrence and after biochemical failure had at least 2 @entity1486 (PSA) values at least 3 months apart in order to calculate PSA doubling time (PSADT). The mean (SD) follow-up after surgery was 10.3 (4.7) years and median follow-up was 10 years (range, 1-20 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: @entity263 -specific mortality. RESULTS: Median survival had not been reached after 16 years of follow-up after biochemical recurrence. Prostate-specific doubling time (<3.0 vs 3.0-8.9 vs 9.0-14.9 vs > or =15.0 months), pathological Gleason score (< or =7 vs 8-10), and time from surgery to biochemical recurrence (< or =3 vs >3 years) were all significant risk factors for time to prostate-specific mortality. Using these 3 variables, tables were constructed to estimate the risk of @entity263 -specific survival at year 15 after biochemical recurrence. CONCLUSION: Clinical parameters (PSADT, pathological Gleason score, and time from surgery to biochemical recurrence) can help risk stratify @entity1 for @entity263 -specific mortality following biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. These preliminary findings may serve as useful guides to @entity1 and their physicians to identify @entity1 at high risk for @entity263 -specific mortality following biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy to enroll them in early aggressive treatment trials. In addition, these preliminary findings highlight that survival in low-risk @entity1 can be quite prolonged.

title: Risk of XXXX -specific mortality following biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the added value of portal or superior mesenteric vein ( @entity4406 /SMV) resection during pancreatoduodenectomy for @entity788 . METHODS: A multicentre observational study was conducted in @entity1 with @entity788 who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy in seven Japanese hospitals between 2001 and 2012. Clinicopathological factors were compared between @entity1 who did and did not undergo @entity4406 /SMV resection. Those with an impact on survival were identified by univariable and multivariable analysis. RESULTS: Of the 937 @entity1 who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy, 435 (46  4 per cent) had @entity4406 /SMV resection, whereas the remaining 502 (53  6 per cent) did not. Some 71  5 and 63  9 per cent of @entity1 with and without @entity4406 /SMV resection respectively had lymph node-positive disease. @entity1 who underwent @entity4406 /SMV resection had more advanced @entity5 . Perioperative mortality and morbidity rates did not differ between the two groups. Multivariable analysis revealed that @entity4406 /SMV resection was not an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (P   =   0  268). Among the 435 @entity1 in whom the @entity4406 /SMV was resected, borderline resectable @entity5 with arterial abutment (P   =   0  021) and absence of adjuvant chemotherapy (P   <   0  001) were independent predictors of poor survival in multivariable analysis. @entity1 with resectable or borderline resectable @entity5 with @entity4406 /SMV involvement had a median survival time with additional adjuvant chemotherapy of 43  7 and 29  7   months respectively. Median survival time in @entity1 with borderline resectable @entity5 with arterial abutment was 18  6   months despite adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Pancreatoduodenectomy with @entity4406 /SMV resection and adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity788 may provide good survival without increased mortality and morbidity.

title: Portal or superior mesenteric vein resection in pancreatoduodenectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic head carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic head carcinoma']


abstract: Activation of @entity671 receptors (InsP(3)Rs) and @entity8452 receptors (RyRs) can lead to the release of @entity141 from intracellular stores and propagating @entity141 waves. Previous studies of these proteins in neurons have focused on their distribution in adult tissue, whereas, recent functional studies have examined neural tissue extracted from prenatal and young postnatal animals. In this study we examined the distribution of InsP(3)R isotypes 1-3 and @entity48744 isotypes 1-3 in @entity35 hippocampus during postnatal maturation, with a focus on @entity15304 because it is most prominent in the hippocampus. @entity15304 was observed in pyramidal cells and granule cells, @entity62044 immunoreactivity was observed in perivascular astrocytes and endothelial cells, and @entity9423 immunoreactivity was detected in axon terminals located in stratum pyramidale of @entity1249 and microvessels in stratum radiatum. @entity35536 immunolabeling was enriched in @entity1249 , @entity48744 was most intense in @entity1251 and the dentate gyrus, and @entity58234 immunolabeling was detected in all subfields of the hippocampus, but was most intense in stratum lacunosum-moleculare. During maturation from 2 to 10 weeks of age there was a shift in @entity15304 immunoreactivity from a high density in the proximal apical dendrites to a uniform distribution along the dendrites. Independent of age, @entity15304 immunoreactivity was observed to form clusters within the primary apical dendrite and at dendritic bifurcations of pyramidal neurons. As @entity1249 pyramidal neurons matured, @entity15304 was often co-localized with the @entity141 binding protein calbindin D-28k. In contrast, @entity15304 immunolabel was never co-localized with calbindin D-28k immunopositive interneurons located outside of stratum pyramidale or with parvalbumin, typically found in hippocampal basket cells, suggesting that @entity15304 s do not play a role in internal @entity141 release in these interneurons. These findings should help to interpret past functional studies and inform future studies examining the characteristics and consequences of InsP(3)R-mediated internal @entity141 release and @entity141 waves in hippocampal neurons.

title: Distribution of XXXX receptor isotypes and @entity8452 receptor isotypes during maturation of the @entity35 hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

answer: @entity671 :: (MESH:D015544,Chemical) :: ['inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate']


abstract: AIMS: The aims of the study were (1) to characterize the genetic variability of @entity1082 ) genotype 16 in the E6 region when this genotype is present in multiple infection samples, (2) to assess the prevalence of variants in our region and (3) to analyze the relationship between variants, @entity1 ' ages and pathology. METHODS: The Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control Department analyzed samples which were positive for genotype 16 and other genotypes from 2007 to 2013. Variants were assigned to European, @entity7634 -German, Asian, Asian-American or African lineage by sequence analysis. The relationship among variants, age and different types of lesion was studied. RESULTS: In @entity1799 sequence analysis, the European variant was detected in 85.10% of samples, the Asian-American in 7.80%, the African in 4.25% and the @entity7634 -German in 2.83% of specimens. Sequence genetic variability showed 16 @entity4334 substitutions. Moreover, non-European variants were mainly found in old @entity1 and in isolates from high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions since European variants were mainly detected in negative cytologies. CONCLUSION: @entity281 may take effect on @entity4334 substitution and the appearance of recombinant samples. Single gene analysis makes it impossible to detect recombination which has a great influence on drug response and vaccine strategies. Thus, E6 gene analysis would be enough to identify @entity1799 intratypic variants but not to confirm the results.

title: XXXX Variants May Be Identified by E6 Gene Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple infections']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1799 :: (333760,Species) :: ['Human Papillomavirus 16']


abstract: The effect of chemotherapy on soft tissue and bone healing was studied in a @entity95 femoral @entity174 model. @entity632 was administered at various intervals preoperatively. Results were compared against a control group in which @entity632 was omitted. Post-chemotherapy blood count profiles were monitored. All animals were operated on with a standard skin incision, osteotomy of the femur and fixation with an intramedullary wire. Soft tissue was assessed with daily clinical scoring and tested for wound breaking strength at two weeks postoperatively. Bone healing was assessed at the time of sacrifice six weeks postoperatively by four-point bending to failure. Clinical scoring of wounds did not show significant differences between control and @entity632 -treated groups. Results of wound breaking strength and four-point bending to failure showed significant impairment for animals given @entity632 four and seven days preoperatively, and no significant impairment when given 14 days preoperatively. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Contrary to previous studies, our results suggest that it is feasible to combine neoadjuvant chemotherapy and early surgery without compromise of soft tissue healing. Our results show that @entity632 impairs bone healing. We postulate that @entity632 has a temporary and reversible inhibitory effect on bone biology. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

title: The effect of chemotherapy on soft tissue and bone healing in the XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin', 'adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Background. In this meta-analysis we review the findings from neuropsychological studies on set-shifting in @entity1 with @entity1277 ( @entity1277 ) or overweight/ @entity28 . Method. Four databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX and Web of Science) were searched for eligible studies. Effect sizes (ESs) were pooled using random-effects models. Moderator analyses were conducted for @entity2613 and overweight/ @entity28 subgroups, adult/adolescent samples and measures of set-shifting. Results. Sixty-four studies with a total of 1825 @entity2613 @entity1 [1394 @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ), 376 @entity1279 ( @entity1279 ) and 55 @entity5550 ( @entity5550 )] and 10 studies with a total of 449 overweight/ @entity28 individuals were included. The meta-analysis revealed a small to medium ES for inefficient set-shifting across all three @entity2613 diagnoses (Hedges' g  =  -0.45). Subgroup analyses yielded small to medium ESs for each @entity2613 subtype (g  =  -0.44 for @entity1278 , -0.53 for @entity5550 , -0.50 for @entity1279 ), which did not differ significantly. There was a medium ES for restricting type @entity1278 (ANR; g  =  -0.51) but no significant ES for binge/purge type @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ; g  =  -0.18). A medium ES was found across @entity28 studies (g  =  -0.61). The ES across overweight studies was not significant (g  =  -0.07). Adult samples did not differ from adolescent samples in either @entity2613 or overweight/ @entity28 studies. The different set-shifting measures were associated with largely varying ESs. Conclusions. The meta-analysis provides strong support that inefficient set-shifting is a salient neuropsychological phenomenon across @entity2613 subtypes and @entity28 , but is less prominent in @entity1278 and overweight. Compulsivity seems to be a common underlying factor supporting a dimensional and transdiagnostic conceptualization of @entity1277 and @entity28 .

title: Set-shifting ability across the spectrum of @entity1277 and in overweight and XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'AN', 'AN/BP']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['EDs', 'eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa', 'BN']

entities_list: @entity5550 :: ('MESH:D056912', 'Disease') :: ['BED', 'binge eating disorder']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although the comparative efficacy of particulate vs. nonparticulate @entity230 for the treatment of @entity158 with transforaminal epidural @entity479 injection has been investigated, there is minimal literature comparing particulate @entity230 . The authors aimed to determine whether transforaminal epidural @entity479 injection with @entity2713 or @entity5935 , two particulate corticosteroids, more effectively reduces @entity158 . DESIGN: This is a longitudinal cohort study of 1021 @entity1 (1568 transforaminal epidural @entity479 injections) who received @entity5935 or @entity2713 between January 2006 and October 2007 in an academic spine center. The frequency of greater than 50% @entity158 reduction was compared between groups. RESULTS: This study included 42.4% (433) male and 57.6% (588) female @entity1 , with a mean (SD) age of 54.1 (16.7) yrs. @entity5935 and @entity2713 were used in 78.8% (1235) and 21.2% (333) of subjects, respectively. Significantly more @entity1 who received @entity2713 (44.4% [95% confidence interval, 36.2%-52.8%]) experienced greater than 50% @entity158 reduction at short-term follow-up (1-4 wks) compared with @entity1 who received @entity5935 (26.8% [95% confidence interval, 22.7%-31.4%]). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who received transforaminal epidural @entity479 injection with @entity2713 reported more frequent @entity158 relief of greater than 50% at short-term follow-up compared with those who received @entity5935 . These findings further develop the literature on comparative effectiveness in epidural @entity479 injections. However, given the exploratory and retrospective nature of this investigation, further study is needed.

title: Comparison of @entity158 Score Reduction Using @entity2713 vs. XXXX in Transforaminal Epidural @entity479 Injections for @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['Betamethasone', 'betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral radicular pain', 'pain', 'radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity5935 :: (MESH:D001623,Chemical) :: ['Betamethasone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to delineate and update the bacteriological spectrum, characterize patterns and sites of injury, evaluate laboratory tests and possible causes of complications in @entity1 with @entity2348 . METHODS: All hand @entity281 operated on in the department of orthopedics at Odense University Hospital during the period 1992-2001 were reviewed retrospectively. A standard protocol was used to collect data for each @entity1 . We also examined all laboratory reports and recorded the identity of the etiologic organism, if known, for all cases of @entity2348 . RESULTS: Four hundred and eighteen @entity1 (296 @entity1 and 122 @entity1 ) with hand @entity281 were operated on between 1992 and 2001 in our department. The median age of the @entity1 was 40 years (range 1-93). The average interval from primary @entity130 was 10 days (range 1-50). The etiology was laceration/puncture in 35%. The site of @entity281 was subcutaneous in 45% followed by @entity79 and 5%, respectively. The bacteria isolated from the @entity1 showed that 184 cultures (44%) were pure @entity794 followed by 49 cultures (11.7%) of mixed organisms. Body temperature and @entity1851 (CRP) were normal in three quarters of all @entity1 with hand @entity281 in our series. However the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was elevated in 50% of the @entity1 and was a significantly better test for @entity281 in this study than CRP (p = 0.002). Neither the severity of @entity281 nor the etiology of @entity281 was related in any way to the initial temperature, CRP or ESR in this study. Complications were noted in 14.8% of all @entity1 , and were especially related to @entity6 , and @entity325 . CONCLUSION: Despite modern antibiotics, hand @entity281 with a variety of organisms continue to be a source of morbidity and possible long-term disability. @entity281 are the result of minor wounds that have been neglected. A complete history and physical examination is necessary to exclude other associated medical conditions ( @entity6 , @entity625 , immunosuppression) that may compromise therapy. Furthermore, our study confirms that @entity794 is responsible for most instances of hand @entity281 , followed by mixed organisms. Gram-negative organisms are frequently cultured in @entity1 with @entity6 and intravenous drug abuse.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial hand infections']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections', 'Most hand infections']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['tendon, joint and bone in 27, 18']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['mixed infection']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury to operation']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity2348 :: (MESH:D001424,Disease) :: ['bacterial hand infections']


abstract: Sleep-related complaints affect 50-80% of @entity1 on dialysis. @entity25 impair quality of life significantly. Increasing evidence suggests that @entity25 has a profound impact both on an individual and on a societal level. The etiology of @entity25 is often multifactorial: biologic, social, and psychological factors play a role. This is especially true for @entity22 , which is the most common @entity25 in different populations, including @entity1 on dialysis. Biochemical and metabolic changes, lifestyle factors, @entity308 , @entity148 , and other underlying @entity25 can all have an effect on the development and persistence of @entity25 , leading to @entity22 . Insomnia is defined as difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, or having nonrestorative sleep. It is also associated with daytime consequences, such as @entity25 and @entity1295 , and impaired daytime functioning. In most cases, the diagnosis of @entity22 is based on the @entity1 's history, but in some @entity1 objective assessment of sleep pattern may be necessary. Optimally the treatment of @entity22 involves the combination of both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic approaches. In some cases acute @entity22 resolves spontaneously, but if left untreated, it may lead to chronic @entity25 . The treatment of @entity22 is often challenging. There are only a few studies specifically addressing the management of this @entity25 in @entity1 with @entity740 . Considering the polypharmacy and altered metabolism in this @entity1 population, treatment trials are clearly needed. This article reviews the diagnosis of @entity25 with a focus on @entity22 in @entity1 on dialysis.

title: Diagnosis and management of @entity22 in dialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness', 'Sleep disorders', 'sleep disorders', 'sleep problems', 'sleep disorder', 'sleep disruption']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia', 'chronic insomnia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of the study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of intraoperative monitoring in predicting @entity393 during microvascular decompression (MVD). METHODS: The study was designed as an examination of the diagnostic accuracy of @entity3308 evoked potentials compared with reference standard for nonserviceable @entity393 (Class C/D), which is a change of more than 50 dB on pure tone threshold, and change of speech discrimination score of more than 50. All @entity1 underwent surgery and audiograms at a University of Pittsburgh Medical Center facility in the study period 2005-2012. All @entity1 received a pre- and postaudiogram within 90 days before or after the operation. During the operation, @entity1 received intraoperative monitoring with a supervising physician. A total of 238 @entity1 were selected. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were indexed into categories of change based on their maximum change and response at the end of surgery. Differences in hearing outcome by BAEP change were analyzed. RESULTS: Age and sex did not affect outcomes. @entity1 outcome was affected by condition. The BAEP categories significant changes, transient loss, and persistent loss show a sensitivity/specificity of 0.905/0.701, 0.667/0.903, and 0.429/0.972, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic curve has an area under the curve of 0.870 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.783 to 0.957. CONCLUSIONS: Loss of wave V during MVD is a specific indicator of @entity393 . The current alarm criteria used to warn the surgeon is a sensitive indicator of impending @entity393 . CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class IV evidence that in @entity1 undergoing MVD, intraoperative BAEPs accurately identifies those who will have @entity393 .

title: Diagnostic accuracy of XXXX auditory evoked potentials during microvascular decompression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hearing loss', 'hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity3308 :: ('MESH:D020295', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem']

answer: @entity3308 :: (MESH:D020295,Disease) :: ['brainstem']


abstract: Scirrhous @entity356 is frequently associated with peritoneal dissemination, and the interaction of @entity5 cells with peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) is crucial for the establishment of the @entity3 in the peritoneum. Although cells derived from PMCs are detected within @entity3906 , how PMCs are incorporated into @entity5 architecture is not understood. The present study shows that PMCs create the invasion front of @entity298 , which depends on activation of @entity16745 in PMCs. In peritoneal @entity5 implants, PMCs represent majority of cells located at the invasive edge of the @entity5 tissue. Exogenously implanted PMCs and host PMCs aggressively invade into abdominal wall upon the peritoneal inoculation of @entity5 cells, and PMCs locate ahead of @entity5 cells in the direction of invasion. @entity16745 , a substrate of Src kinase, is predominantly expressed in the PMCs of @entity5 tissue, and promotes the invasion of PMCs and @entity5 cells. Expression and activation of @entity16745 was induced in PMCs following their exposure to @entity356 cells, and increased @entity16745 expression was detected in PMCs located at the invasion front. Reduced @entity16745 expression in PMCs blocked PMC invasion, which in turn prevents @entity5 cell invasion both in vitro and in vivo. The peritoneal dissemination of @entity356 was significantly increased by mixing @entity5 cells and PMCs, and was suppressed by knockdown of @entity16745 in PMCs. These results suggest that @entity5 -activated PMCs create invasion front by guiding @entity5 cells. Signaling leading to @entity16745 activation in PMCs may be a suitable therapeutic target for prevention of @entity298 .Oncogene advance online publication, 4 August 2014; doi:10.1038/onc.2014.246.

title: @entity16745 activation in mesothelial cells creates invasion front of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3906 :: ('MESH:D010534', 'Disease') :: ['tumors of peritoneal carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose/ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to describe a novel brachytherapy technique for @entity957 , utilizing a customized mold with embedded brachytherapy sleeves, which separates the lip from the mandible, and improves dose homogeneity.Materials and methodsSeven @entity1 with T2 @entity9867 treated with a   sandwich   technique of @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) brachytherapy to the lip, consisting of interstitial catheters and a customized mold with embedded catheters, were reviewed for dosimetry and outcome using 3D planning. Dosimetric comparison was made between the   sandwich   technique to   classic      interstitial catheters only plan. We compared dose volume histograms for Clinical Tumor Volume (CTV), normal tissue   hot spots   and mandible dose. We are reporting according to the ICRU 58 and calculated the Conformal Index (COIN) to show the advantage of our technique.ResultsThe seven @entity1 (ages 36  81 years, male) had median follow-up of 47 months. Four @entity1 received Brachytherapy and External Beam Radiation Therapy, 3 @entity1 received brachytherapy alone. All achieved local control, with excellent esthetic and functional results. All @entity1 are disease free.The Customized Mold Sandwich technique (CMS) reduced the high dose region receiving 150% (V150) by an average of 20% (range 1  47%), The low dose region (les then 90% of the prescribed dose) improved by 73% in average by using the CMS technique. The COIN value for the CMS was in average 0.92 as opposed to 0.88 for the interstitial catheter only. All differences (excluding the low dose region) were statistically significant.ConclusionThe CMS technique significantly reduces the high dose volume and increases treatment homogeneity. This may reduce the potential @entity137 to the lip and adjacent mandible, and results in excellent @entity5 control, cosmetic and functionality.

title: Novel high dose rate lip brachytherapy technique to improve dose homogeneity and reduce XXXX by customized mold.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['lip Squamous Cell Carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9867 :: ('MESH:D008048', 'Disease') :: ['lip cancer']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['High Dose Rate', 'HDR']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: From December 1980 to January 1984, all @entity1 with stage I nonseminomatous @entity5 in Denmark entered a randomized trial comparing surveillance only with radiotherapy after orchiectomy. One hundred fifty @entity1 were assessable for the final analysis. Relapse occurred in 23 @entity1 in the surveillance group and in 11 @entity1 in the radiotherapy group. Radiotherapy completely prevented retroperitoneal relapse; 14 retroperitoneal relapses occurred in the surveillance-only group. All relapsing @entity1 in the surveillance-only group are without evidence of disease with a median observation time after chemotherapy of 67 months. Two of the @entity1 with relapse in the radiotherapy group died with disease; the others are alive without evidence of disease, with a median observation time after relapse treatment of 72 months. In the surveillance group, four relapses occurred later than 2 years after orchiectomy; only one such late relapse occurred in the radiotherapy group. Four of the retroperitoneal relapses occurred without concomitant increase in the serum marker levels ( @entity160 [ @entity160 ] and @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin [HCG]). It is concluded that surveillance only should replace radiotherapy after orchiectomy as standard treatment for clinical stage I nonseminomatous @entity5 . Improved methods for control of retroperitoneal relapses, especially of @entity189 , are needed.

title: Surveillance alone versus radiotherapy after orchiectomy for clinical stage I nonseminomatous @entity5 . Danish XXXX Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Testicular Cancer']


abstract: 1. The molecular specificities of single mitral cells and their locations in the @entity95 olfactory bulb were studied using extracellular recordings of single-unit spike discharges and oscillatory local field potentials. A panel of @entity4880 molecules including a homologous series of @entity1718 was used as odor stimuli. 2. Mitral cells showing excitatory responses to @entity844 molecules of different @entity7294 chain length were localized near each other in a region in the dorsomedial part of the olfactory bulb. 3. Individual mitral cells in the dorsomedial region tended to respond to subsets of @entity844 odor molecules having similar @entity7294 chain length or structure. Mitral cells responding to subsets of @entity1718 of different chain length were distributed with partially shifted overlaps in this region. 4. The results show that stereochemical features of odor molecules are encoded by individual bulbar neurons.

title: Differential specificities of single mitral cells in @entity95 olfactory bulb for a homologous series of XXXX odor molecules.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4880 :: ('CHEBI:33575', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity7294 :: ('CHEBI:24632', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbon']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to assess whether non-smoking @entity1 with @entity2175 present with increased levels of local and systemic proinflammatory mediators and, if so, whether such an increase is associated with enhanced clinical @entity32 compared to non-smoking @entity1 without @entity6 . METHODS: We used a cross-sectional database consisting of 725 self-reported lifelong non-smokers aged 53 to 74 years. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of @entity1356 and @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) and serum levels of @entity650 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. No @entity1 had probing depth >3 mm. @entity1 with @entity548 on probing (BOP) in <10% of sites were classified as healthy, whereas those with BOP in >or=10% of sites were defined as having biofilm-gingival interface (BGI) @entity2522 . RESULTS: Approximately 53% (n = 385) and 11% (n = 80) of the sample had @entity2522 and @entity2175 , respectively. The mean age-adjusted level of GCF @entity1356 was significantly elevated in the @entity6 group compared to the non- @entity6 group (P = 0.048), but serum @entity650 (P = 0.14) and GCF PGE(2) were not (P = 0.98). The mean GCF @entity1356 and @entity1421 levels were significantly elevated in subjects with @entity2522 (136.2 +/- 112.9 ng/ml and 277.2 +/- 187.2 ng/ml, respectively) compared to subjects with @entity2522 (95.9 +/- 82.9 ng/ml and 205.7 +/- 149.6 ng/ml, respectively), regardless of @entity6 status (P <0.001 for both). However, serum @entity650 was elevated in subjects with @entity2522 compared to subjects with @entity2522 only among subjects with @entity6 (2.9 +/- 3.2 pg/ml versus 1.5 +/- 1.4 pg/ml; P = 0.008). With the exception of serum @entity650 in subjects without @entity6 , an increase in the levels of proinflammatory mediators was associated with increased odds of having @entity2522 . The associations were stronger in the @entity6 group. CONCLUSIONS: Type 2 @entity6 may increase the host inflammatory response to oral biofilm, which, in turn, may exacerbate preconditions associated with @entity2522 in susceptible individuals. Furthermore, systemic @entity32 , as demonstrated by the increased level of serum @entity650 , is associated with @entity2522 among non-smoking @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: Levels of serum XXXX and gingival crevicular fluid of @entity1356 and @entity1421 among non-smoking subjects with @entity2522 and @entity2175 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['gingival inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin (IL)-1beta', 'IL-1beta']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE(2)', 'prostaglandin E(2)']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis', 'BGI gingivitis', 'gingival health']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['interleukin (IL)-6']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Associations between Clara cell secretory protein gene variants ( @entity10974 , also known as @entity10974 , @entity10974 , @entity10974 and uteroglobin) and the @entity565 phenotype have been found in five out of eight studies world-wide. No study has investigated the contribution of @entity10974 polymorphisms to the development and/or persistence of the @entity565 phenotype in a birth cohort followed over time. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the role of the @entity10974 gene in the development of the @entity565 phenotype. METHODS: The Perth @entity1 Asthma Follow-up (PIAF) cohort (n=231 unrelated @entity1 , unselected for @entity565 and recruited at birth) were seen at 1 month, 6 and 11 years of age, and had a questionnaire, lung function, airway responsiveness (AR) and skin prick tests (SPTs) completed. Blood was taken at 6 and 11 years for total and specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) and DNA extraction. SPT positivity had at least one positive SPT. SIgE>4 kU/L had at least one sIgE above 4 kU/L. @entity10974 @entity62015 ( @entity62016 ), that alters gene transcription, was genotyped using Sau96I restriction digestion of exon 1 PCR products. RESULTS: At 6 and 11 years of age, 33.0% and 29.7% of those genotyped had doctor-diagnosed @entity565 , and 35.8% and 52.1% had SPT positivity. In cross-sectional analyses, @entity1 with 38G/38A or 38A/38A had increased AR at 1 month (1.72-fold, P=0.013); sIgE>4 kU/L [odds ratio (OR)=6.95, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.35-35.91, P=0.021]; @entity6711 ( @entity6711 ) SPT positivity (OR=7.21, 95% CI=1.09-47.78, P=0.041) and sIgE (4.57-fold, P=0.045) at 6 years; and doctor-diagnosed @entity565 (OR=3.93, 95% CI=1.24-12.47, P=0.02) and cat SPT positivity (OR=4.34, 95% CI=1.01-18.77, P=0.049) at 11 years. Longitudinal analyses of 6 and 11 years paired data showed that @entity1 with 38A/38A had increased persistent sIgE>4 kU/L (OR=11.87, 95% CI=1.97-71.53, P=0.007) and persistent @entity6711 SPT positivity (OR=7.84, 95% CI=1.04-58.92, P=0.045). CONCLUSION: @entity10974 @entity62015 may play a role in the development and persistence of the @entity565 phenotype in childhood.

title: Cross-sectional and longitudinal association of the secretoglobin 1A1 gene @entity62015 polymorphism with @entity565 phenotype in the Perth XXXX Asthma Follow-up cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Infant', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity6711 :: ('MESH:D008924', 'Disease') :: ['HDM', 'house dust mite']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Infant']


abstract: OBJECTIVES:: @entity1575 ( @entity1575 ), resulting from @entity82 , causes significant morbidity and mortality in up to 20% of @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ). Both pathogenesis and early detection of @entity1575 are elusive. Current diagnostic procedures to detect early @entity1575 and stage @entity82 severity are inadequate. Recent studies highlight a role for microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of many diseases and have suggested that serum miRNAs could be used as diagnostic biomarkers. METHODS:: We profiled circulating serum miRNA levels in @entity1 with @entity1575 (n=52), @entity1 with @entity1577 without @entity409 (CFnoLD, n=30), and non- @entity1577 pediatric controls (n=20). Extracted RNA was subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array of 84 miRNAs detectable in human serum. Seven candidate miRNAs identified were validated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), normalizing data to geNorm-determined stable reference genes, @entity38205 and @entity6956 . RESULTS:: @entity2853 was significantly elevated in @entity1 with @entity1575 versus @entity1 with CFnoLD and controls (P<0.0001). @entity21071 (P=0.0011) and @entity10017 (P=0.0133) were elevated in @entity1 with CFnoLD versus @entity1 with @entity1575 and controls. @entity1575 was discriminated by both @entity2853 (area under the curve [AUC] 0.71, P=0.002) and @entity21071 (AUC 0.65, P=0.026). Logistic regression combining 3 miRNAs (-122, -25, -21) was greatly predictive of detecting @entity1575 (AUC 0.78, P<0.0001). A combination of 6 miRNAs (-122, -21, -25, -210, -148a, -19a) distinguished F0 from F3-F4 @entity82 (AUC 0.73, P=0.04), and @entity10018 combined with @entity25692 distinguished F0 @entity82 from any @entity82 , that is, F1-F4 (AUC 0.72, P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS:: These data provide the first evidence of changes to circulating miRNA levels in @entity1577 , suggesting that serum-based miRNA analysis may complement and extend current @entity1575 screening strategies with potential to predict early hepatic @entity82 .

title: Circulating MicroRNAs as Noninvasive Diagnostic Biomarkers of @entity409 in XXXX With @entity1577 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['progressive hepatobiliary fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['CFLD', 'Cystic fibrosis liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 that is positive for @entity1 @entity1722 ( @entity1722 ), progression-free survival was significantly improved after first-line therapy with pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and @entity1205 , as compared with placebo, trastuzumab, and @entity1205 . Overall survival was significantly improved with pertuzumab in an interim analysis without the median being reached. We report final prespecified overall survival results with a median follow-up of 50 months. METHODS: We randomly assigned @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 who had not received previous chemotherapy or anti- @entity1722 therapy for their metastatic disease to receive the pertuzumab combination or the placebo combination. The secondary end points of overall survival, investigator-assessed progression-free survival, independently assessed duration of response, and safety are reported. Sensitivity analyses were adjusted for @entity1 who crossed over from placebo to pertuzumab after the interim analysis. RESULTS: The median overall survival was 56.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 49.3 to not reached) in the group receiving the pertuzumab combination, as compared with 40.8 months (95% CI, 35.8 to 48.3) in the group receiving the placebo combination (hazard ratio favoring the pertuzumab group, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.84; P<0.001), a difference of 15.7 months. This analysis was not adjusted for crossover to the pertuzumab group and is therefore conservative. Results of sensitivity analyses after adjustment for crossover were consistent. Median progression-free survival as assessed by investigators improved by 6.3 months in the pertuzumab group (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.80). Pertuzumab extended the median duration of response by 7.7 months, as independently assessed. Most adverse events occurred during the administration of @entity1205 in the two groups, with long-term cardiac safety maintained. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity1722 -positive metastatic @entity0 , the addition of pertuzumab to trastuzumab and @entity1205 , as compared with the addition of placebo, significantly improved the median overall survival to 56.5 months and extended the results of previous analyses showing the efficacy of this drug combination. (Funded by F. Hoffmann-La Roche and Genentech; CLEOPATRA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00567190.).

title: Pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and XXXX in @entity1722 -positive metastatic @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor 2', 'HER2']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no consensus on the best surgical treatment of @entity3330 . We report our experience with a dynamic compression plate. @entity1 AND METHODS: We reviewed the results of 18 @entity3330 treated with open reduction and internal fixation using the dynamic compression plate (DCP). There were 7 Vancouver type B1, 2 type B2 and 9 type B3 @entity174 . 16 cases had previously undergone at least one revision procedure. In addition to a DCP plate, all @entity25657 @entity174 were revised to cemented prostheses, and all B3 @entity174 were revised with impaction grafting. Mean follow-up was 39 months. RESULTS: The mean healing time for those 11 cases that united was 13 months. One B1-type and one B3-type @entity174 with plate @entity174 within 8 months of surgery failed to heal. Furthermore, one B1-type @entity174 and one B2-type @entity174 failed and developed nonunion. 3 @entity1 died, from causes not related to surgery, within 8 months after surgery without signs of healing. INTERPRETATION: Open reduction and internal fixation using DCPs seems to be a valid method for the treatment of postoperative @entity3330 with stable stem in place. If the stem is unstable, we suggest that DCPs may be used in association with femoral revision using a long stem. In cases with stable stem (B1), we are inclined to agree with other authors that additional fixation using an extramedullary cortical strut graft may be necessary to improve stability and promote final healing.

title: Dynamic compression plates for Vancouver type B XXXX : a 3-year follow-up of 18 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic femoral fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['periprosthetic femoral fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity470 ( @entity470 )-targeted therapy has been widely accepted as a promising treatment for solid @entity5 . @entity479 treatment is used to prevent adverse effect of anti- @entity470 antibody; however, influence of @entity230 in the antitumor activity of targeted antibody remains poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrated the impact of @entity230 in induced @entity137 ( @entity137 ) activity of natural killer (NK) cells by cetuximab. METHODS: Various numbers of NK cells from healthy donors were co-cultured with @entity5 and/or cetuximab with or without @entity619 . After incubation, NK cells, @entity137 activity, survival, and activation markers expression were determined. RESULTS: Clinical concentration of @entity619 treatment clearly inhibited cetuximab-induced @entity137 activity of NK cells against @entity213 ( @entity213 ) and @entity694 . @entity619 decreased the activation marker @entity7986 expression on NK cells. CONCLUSION: This is the first report that shows the negative affect of @entity230 in @entity5 treatment using therapeutic antibody. Attention needs to be paid for using @entity230 in @entity5 treatment.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2015.

title: Assessment of the change in cetuximab-induced XXXX activity of natural killer cells by @entity479 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['ADCC', 'antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['Epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity']


abstract: @entity2226 ( @entity5624 ) is found in large but variable amounts in the skeletal muscles of many species. It has been reported that slow twitch muscles in the @entity35 exhibit higher @entity5624 levels than fast twitch muscles. Variation in muscle @entity2226 content may be attributable to differences in the fibre type composition of different muscles. @entity5624 content (mmol kg-1 dry muscle) and percentage type-1, type-2A, and type-2B fibre section area (f.s.a.) were measured in muscle samples taken from up to six sites in the middle gluteal muscle of four @entity1641 and one pony at post mortem and in biopsy samples taken from twenty Thoroughbred @entity1641 in race training. @entity5624 was positively correlated to type-1 f.s.a. (r = 0.94, p < 0.001) in both post mortem samples and biopsies from @entity1641 in race-training. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate the @entity5624 content of individual fibre types when present at 100%. @entity5624 is almost exclusively localized in type-1 fibres. The @entity5624 content of type-1 and type-2A fibres was estimated to be 45.4 mmol kg-1 d.m. and 4.5 mmol kg-1 d.m. respectively in the post mortem @entity1641 , and 32.4 mmol kg-1 d.m. and 7.9 mmol kg-1 d.m. respectively in the @entity1641 in training. @entity5624 was estimated to be absent from type-2B fibres in both @entity1641 groups.

title: @entity2226 content and distribution in XXXX skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity2226 :: ('MESH:D013654', 'Chemical') :: ['taurine', 'Taurine']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: The recovery of locomotion, following interactive training with graded weight support, in the adult spinal cat has led to the proposal that removal of body weight may be a therapeutic tool in @entity1 gait retraining. There would be benefits, however, in knowing normal responses of @entity1 to partial weight bearing before applying this strategy to @entity1 . In this study, 10 nondisabled male subjects walked on a treadmill while 0%, 30%, 50%, and 70% of their body weight was supported by a modified climbing harness. To dissociate the changes attributable to walking speed from those attributable to body weight, each subject walked at the specified @entity1053 ( @entity1053 ) levels and at full weight bearing (FWB) at the same speed. Simultaneously, electromyographic data from the right leg muscles, footswitch signals, and video recording of joint motion were collected. The FWB and @entity1053 gaits appeared similar, except at the highest level of @entity1053 studied (ie, 70% of @entity1053 ). Significant differences among other @entity1053 and FWB trials at comparable speeds included decreases in percentage of stance, percentage of total double-limb support time, and maximum hip and knee flexor swing angle. Other adaptations to @entity1053 were a reduction in the mean burst amplitude of the muscles that are active during stance and an increase in the mean burst amplitude of the tibialis anterior muscle. The possible implications of this new gait retraining strategy for @entity1 with @entity16 are discussed. [Finch L, Barbeau H, Arsenault B. Influence of body weight support on normal @entity1 gait: development of a gait retraining strategy.

title: Influence of body weight support on normal XXXX gait: development of a gait retraining strategy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity1053 :: ('MESH:D001835', 'Disease') :: ['body-weight-support', 'BWS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Lymphoscintigraphy is an effective method for detecting sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). However, the rate and degree of @entity4298 detection is not uniform. We quantified SLNs detected with lymphoscintigraphy, and investigated correlations with factors that may influence detection. We then attempted to predict @entity4298 @entity3 from lymph node counts, comparing the predictions to subsequent biopsy results. METHODS: We assessed lymph node counts in 100 @entity0 @entity1 in whom a single @entity4298 was detected with a fixed lymphoscintigraphy procedure. We examined correlations between the counts and factors known to influence lymphoscintigraphic @entity4298 detection (age, body mass index, @entity5 size, and presence or absence of @entity3 ), and determined reference values (lymph node counts of 10.0, 19.4 and 53.0) which were used to predict @entity4298 @entity3 in 100 subsequent @entity1 . The predictions were then compared with the @entity4298 biopsy findings. RESULTS: @entity4298 counts correlated strongly with the presence or absence of @entity3 , with @entity3 -positive lymph nodes showing significantly lower counts than negative nodes (p  <  0.001). Prediction of @entity4298 @entity3 achieved a 100% positive predictive value at a reference value of 10.0, and a 100% negative predictive value at a reference value of 53.0. At a reference value of 19.4, the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were 77.8, 73.2, and 74.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity4298 counts detected with lymphoscintigraphy were significantly lower in @entity3 -positive lymph nodes than in @entity3 -negative lymph nodes. This suggests that prediction of @entity4298 @entity3 in @entity0 is possible using lymphoscintigraphy.

title: Predicting sentinel lymph node @entity3 in XXXX with lymphoscintigraphy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the within-trial cost-efficacy of surgical therapy relative to conventional therapy for achieving remission of recently diagnosed type 2 @entity6 in class I and II @entity28 @entity1 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Efficacy results were derived from a 2-year randomized controlled trial. A health sector perspective was adopted, and within-trial intervention costs included gastric banding surgery, mitigation of complications, outpatient medical consultations, medical investigations, pathology, @entity353 therapies, and medication. Resource use was measured based on data drawn from a trial database and @entity1 medical records and valued based on private hospital costs and government schedules in 2006 Australian dollars (AUD). An incremental cost-effectiveness analysis was undertaken. RESULTS: Mean 2-year intervention costs per @entity1 were 13,400 AUD for surgical therapy and 3,400 AUD for conventional therapy, with laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB) surgery accounting for 85% of the difference. Outpatient medical consultation costs were three times higher for surgical @entity1 , whereas medication costs were 1.5 times higher for conventional @entity1 . The cost differences were primarily in the first 6 months of the trial. Relative to conventional therapy, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for surgical therapy was 16,600 AUD per case of @entity6 remitted (currency exchange: 1 AUD = 0.74 USD). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical therapy appears to be a cost-effective option for managing type 2 @entity6 in class I and II @entity28 @entity1 .

title: Cost-efficacy of surgically induced @entity353 for the management of type 2 XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reconstruction of circumferential hypopharyngeal defects is often challenging. The aim of the study is to examine the result of our experience and to formulate improved management guidelines. METHOD: Between 1980 and 2009, all @entity1 who have circumferential pharyngectomy were recruited. Data were recorded prospectively for analysis. RESULTS: A total of 202 @entity1 were recruited. Majority had primary @entity5 in the hypopharynx (n=165), and the remaining @entity1 had recurrent @entity189 . Radiotherapy was given preoperatively in 72 @entity1 and postoperatively in 108 @entity1 . A pectoralis major (PM) flap was used in 92 (45.5%) @entity1 , a free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap in 24 (11.9%) @entity1 and a free jejunal flap in 86 (42.6%) @entity1 . Early fistula rate was 23.9% in the PM flap group, 12.5% in the ALT group and 4.6% in the jejunum group. Late anastomotic stricture rate was 27.2% in the PM flap group, 12.5% in the free ALT group and 2.3% in the jejunum group. Early fistula formation significantly increased the risk of subsequent anastomotic stricture (p=0.023). In @entity1 with no stricture, 61.9% of them in the jejunal group were able to resume solid diet, compared with 35.8% and 38.1% in the PM and ALT groups. After PM flap harvesting, 34.8% of the chest wall defects could not be closed primarily, which were best repaired using the lateral thoracic flap. The donor-site morbidity of ALT and jejunal flap was low. CONCLUSION: In suitable @entity1 , free jejunal flap reconstruction of circumferential pharyngectomy defects achieves the best functional outcome with minimal donor-site morbidity.

title: Reconstruction of circumferential pharyngeal defects after XXXX resection: reference or preference.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to justify a new concept of the pathogenesis of secondary changes in the cervical spinal cord, and its correlation with the depth of development of @entity16 in @entity3510 . METHODS: Standard magnetic resonance imaging examination and angiography of the cervical and vertebral arteries of four @entity1 were performed to diagnose the prevalence rate of @entity63 and @entity4 , and examine the spinal cord vasculature. Correlation of the data obtained with the neurological status was performed. RESULTS: Collateral circulation is most apparent in the upper-cervical region, above the C4 vertebra. Following occlusion of the vertebral artery, the circulation above the C4 vertebra is performed by collaterals of the ascending cervical artery. With extensive damage to the spinal cord, the intensity of @entity4 and @entity63 can be regarded as the effect of damage to radicular medullary arteries, which are injured in the intervertebral foramen. Secondary changes of the spinal cord are most apparent by impaired circulation in the @entity432 . CONCLUSIONS: Collateral circulation is a significant factor that limits the damage to the cervical spinal cord. Impaired circulation in the @entity432 is significant in extension of perifocal @entity63 . The appearance of early arteriovenous shunting in the region of a primary @entity1566 (contusion focus) by angiography is pathognomonic. The data obtained open a perspective for the endovascular treatment of @entity1566 .

title: New concept of pathogenesis of impaired circulation in traumatic cervical XXXX and its impact on disease severity: case series of four @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery of cervical enlargement']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: The R-3000 reticulocyte analyzer uses flow cytometry with an @entity3503 laser as its light source. This analyzer stains residual RNA with @entity56921 to provide a reticulocyte maturation differential. Using the R-3000, we analyzed 119 samples of bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) from 111 @entity1 with @entity1503 . Parameters were reticulocytes, immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) percentage in BM and PB, BM/PB reticulocyte ratio, and BM/PB IRF ratio. Reticulocytes and IRF percentage in BM were significantly higher than in PB (p < 0.01). There was also a good correlation between reticulocyte percentages in BM and in PB (r = 0.81). @entity1 were classified into a normal group (without @entity417 ) and an @entity417 group. Furthermore, the @entity417 group was classified into three groups: group 1: cases with @entity1583 ; group 2: cases in bone marrow recovery phase after chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and @entity1503 with bone marrow accelerative phase, and group 3: cases with ineffective hematopoiesis ( @entity2590 ). The mean reticulocyte percentage of the normal group was 2.3 +/- 1.1%, which was close to the normal value in BM. The BM/PB reticulocyte ratio of group 3 was statistically higher than that of groups 1 and 2. This indicates that group 3 had ineffective erythropoiesis and that the BM/PB ratio is a useful indicator for the diagnosis of @entity2590 .

title: Automated analyzer evaluation of reticulocytes in bone marrow and peripheral blood of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity56921 :: ('MESH:D001576', 'Chemical') :: ['auramine O']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic dysfunction']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['hematologic disorders']


abstract: The results of liver transplantation for advanced @entity157 have been disappointing because of high recurrence rates, leading to low long-term survival; this indication remains controversial in an era of organ shortage. To continue to offer this treatment possibility, efforts were made to reduce recurrence and improve survival. The first approach is to maintain a strict selection policy excluding @entity1 with @entity66 . The second approach is to test the efficacy of perioperative adjuvant therapies in @entity1 selected for transplantation. The reasons for recurrence include: (1) undetected preoperative micrometastases, (2) intraoperative dissemination by surgical manipulation, and (3) acceleration of @entity5 growth by immunosuppression. Preoperative treatment, which may include @entity432 , seems necessary to limit @entity5 progression during the waiting period. Systemic chemotherapy has been tested pre-, intra-, and postoperatively. It is considered essential postoperatively and should be used as soon as possible after surgery (i.e., in the 1st postoperative week). Several teams have performed pilot studies that included rather limited numbers of @entity1 , and the results were compared with those for historic controls. Published results show that chemoembolization creates @entity5 @entity39 in most instances. This is efficient in limiting @entity5 progression but the effect on recurrence and survival is unknown. All authors who used postoperative chemotherapy reported improved survival over controls, with 50%-60% 3-year survival and up to 50% 5-year survival. However, recent results suggest that late recurrence may occur. Chemotherapy was usually well tolerated, although @entity1431 , sometimes severe, was observed in most @entity1 . The use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor seems useful to overcome this problem. Perioperative adjuvant treatments seem to prolong survival in @entity1 undergoing liver transplantation for advanced @entity157 , but delayed recurrence remains possible. Further studies are necessary; these should ideally be multicentric, prospective, and randomized.

title: Role of adjuvant treatment in liver transplantation for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extraheptic disease']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['systemic chemotherapy or arterial chemoembolization']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: No consensus has been obtained about the question whether autoantibodies, in particular antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), may cause @entity715 by inhibiting @entity9820 (TM) mediated protein C activation. In order to clarify the mechanism by which autoantibodies inhibit TM-mediated protein C activation, we have screened 12 @entity1 with @entity792 for the presence of circulating autoantibodies inhibiting TM function. In a cross-sectional study we found that IgG fractions from two @entity1 (who were aPL negative) inhibited TM mediated protein C activation in an assay system using purified components. A longitudinal study of six @entity1 with a history of @entity715 of which two were aPL positive showed that all had at some time circulating antibodies inhibiting TM function, suggesting that the presence of these antibodies is transient. Three different TMs were used to identify the epitope of the antithrombomodulin antibodies (aTM): @entity95 TM, which contains the entire TM molecule; Solulin, which contains the extracellular part of TM, and rEGF-TM, which contains the six epidermal growth factor (EGF) domains of TM. We showed that the aTM inhibited protein C activation mediated by all three TMs, indicating that the aTM are directed against the region containing the EGF domains. When TM was incorporated in phospholipid vesicles, no inhibition by these aTM could be demonstrated. In addition, protein C activation mediated by cultured endothelial cells (EC) could not be inhibited by aTM. The lack of inhibition of TM in phospholipid vesicles and EC-TM by a TM suggests that aTM only inhibit soluble TM. In conclusion, we demonstrated the transient presence of circulating autoantibodies directed against the region of TM containing the EGF domains in @entity1252 @entity1 with a history of @entity715 . We postulate that the presence of antibodies to soluble TM may be, in addition to aPL, a risk factor for the occurrence of @entity715 in @entity1 with @entity792 .

title: Autoantibodies directed against the epidermal growth factor-like domains of XXXX inhibit protein C activation in vitro.

entities_list: @entity9820 :: ('7056', 'Gene') :: ['thrombomodulin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic complications', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity9820 :: (7056,Gene) :: ['thrombomodulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Growing evidence exists that the neoplastic stromal cell population (GCTSC) within @entity2967 ( @entity2967 ) originates from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). In a previous study we identified a microRNA signature that differentiates between these cell types. Five differentially expressed microRNAs are located within the @entity11591 - @entity41386 region on chromosome 14. Aberrant regulation within this region is known to influence cell growth, differentiation and the development of @entity5 . The aim of this study was to elucidate the involvement of deregulations within the @entity11591 - @entity41386 region in @entity2967 pathogenesis. METHODS: Quantitative gene and microRNA expression analyses were performed on GCTSCs and MSCs with or without treatment with epigenetic modifiers. Methylation analysis of differentially methylated regions was performed by @entity9736 sequencing. RESULTS: In addition to microRNA silencing we detected a significant downregulation of @entity11591 , @entity15047 and @entity61807 in GCTSCs compared to MSCs. DNA methylation analyses of the @entity15047 -DMR and IG-DMR revealed a frequent hypermethylation within the IG-DMR in GCTs. Epigenetic modification could restore expression of some but not all analyzed genes and microRNAs suggesting further regulatory mechanisms. CONCLUSION: Epigenetic silencing of genes and microRNAs within the @entity11591 - @entity41386 region is a common event in GCTSCs, in part mediated by hypermethylation within the IG-DMR. The identified genes, micro RNAs and microRNA target genes might be valuable targets for the development of improved strategies for @entity2967 diagnosis and therapy.

title: Epigenetic silencing of genes and microRNAs within the imprinted @entity11591 - XXXX region at human chromosome 14.32 in giant cell tumor of bone.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity9736 :: ('MESH:C042345', 'Chemical') :: ['bisulfite']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumors', 'GCT']

answer: @entity41386 :: (1735,Gene) :: ['Dio3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity355 is a precursor of @entity420 , both of which are associated with @entity354 . Screening @entity354 @entity1 for @entity355 has been suggested, but it is not known which @entity1 should be screened and at what age. OBJECTIVE: To determine the age-specific yield of endoscopy for @entity355 stratified by sex and indication for endoscopy. DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING: National Endoscopic Database of the Clinical Outcomes Research Initiative (CORI). @entity1 : A total of 155,641 @entity1 undergoing their first endoscopy at one of the CORI sites for clinical indications. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Age-specific yield of @entity355 . RESULTS: Among white @entity1 with @entity354 , the yield of @entity355 increases steeply from early adulthood (2.1% in the third decade of life) to middle adulthood (9.3% in the sixth decade) and then plateaus (the difference for the eighth decade minus the sixth decade is -1.1%; 95% CI, -3.9% to 1.7%). There is no difference in the yield of @entity355 between middle-aged white @entity1 with @entity354 and white @entity1 without @entity354 (difference is -0.46%; 95% CI, -1.23% to 0.31%). LIMITATIONS: Possible bias by selection for endoscopy and the potential for misclassification of @entity354 status. CONCLUSIONS: The yield of upper endoscopy for the diagnosis of @entity355 increases rapidly among white @entity1 with @entity354 until approximately age 50 and then reaches a plateau. White @entity1 with @entity354 are at no increased risk compared with white @entity1 without @entity354 .

title: Age- and sex-specific yield of XXXX by endoscopy indication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: Metastatic growth and invasion by @entity694 cells in the liver requires the ability of the @entity5 cells to interact with the new tissue environment. @entity1351 (ogen) is activated on cell surfaces by @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ), and is regulated by @entity10431 and @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ). To compare the expression patterns of @entity2290 , @entity10431 and @entity2289 in @entity694 with that in their liver @entity3 , we analysed matched samples from 14 @entity1 . In all 14 primary @entity694 , we found upregulation of @entity10431 , @entity2290 mRNA and @entity2289 in primarily stromal cells at the invasive front. In 5 of the 14 liver @entity3 , we found intense expression of @entity10431 , @entity2290 -mRNA and @entity2289 in primarily stromal cells at the @entity3 periphery, and in an expression pattern similar to that found in the primary @entity5 . In the remaining 9 liver @entity3 , @entity10431 and @entity2290 -mRNA were only seen associated with the presence of @entity39 within the liver @entity3 . In addition, @entity2289 -immunoreactivity was in all liver @entity3 seen in hepatocytes at the @entity3 periphery. Interestingly, the former 5 liver @entity3 positive for @entity10431 , @entity2290 mRNA and @entity2289 at the @entity3 periphery all had a predominantly @entity2269 , whereas 8 of the remaining 9 showed direct contact between the @entity96 . We conclude that there are 2 distinct patterns of expression of @entity10431 , @entity2290 and @entity2289 in @entity96 and that these correlate closely with 2 morphological growth patterns. These findings may have implication for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity3 .

title: Two distinct expression patterns of urokinase, urokinase receptor and XXXX in @entity96 .

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['cancer cells and the liver parenchyma', 'colon cancer liver metastases']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic reaction']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'colon cancers']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase-type PA', 'uPA']

answer: @entity2289 :: (5054,Gene) :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine preoperative @entity1 ' characteristics associated with the @entity1494 ( @entity1494 ) type (continent vs. incontinent) after radical cystectomy (RC) and @entity1494 -associated @entity260 . MATERIALS: In 2011, 679 @entity150 @entity1 underwent RC at 18 European tertiary care centers. Data were prospectively collected within the 'PROspective MulticEnTer RadIcal Cystectomy Series 2011' (PROMETRICS 2011). Logistic regression models assessed the impact of preoperative characteristics on @entity1494 type and evaluated diversion-related complication rates. RESULTS: Of 570 eligible @entity1 , 28.8, 2.6, 59.3, and 9.3  % received orthotopic neobladders, continent cutaneous pouches, ileal conduits, and ureterocutaneostomies, respectively. In multivariable analyses, female sex (odds ratio [OR] 3.9; p  =  0.002), American Society of Anesthesiologists score >= 3 (OR 2.3; p  =  0.02), an age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index >= 3 (OR 4.1; p  <  0.001), and a positive biopsy of the prostatic urethra in the last transurethral resection of the bladder prior to RC (OR 4.9; p  =  0.03) were independently associated with incontinent @entity1494 . There were no significant differences in 30- and/or 90-day complication rates between the @entity1494 types. Perioperative transfusion rates and 90-day mortality were significantly associated with incontinent @entity1494 (p  <  0.001, respectively). Limitations included the small sample size and a certain level of heterogeneity in the application of clinical pathways between the different participating centers. CONCLUSIONS: Within this prospective contemporary cohort of European RC @entity1 treated at tertiary care centers, the majority of @entity1 received an incontinent @entity1494 . Female sex and pre-existing comorbidities were associated with receiving an incontinent @entity1494 . The risk of overall complications did not vary according to @entity1494 type.

title: Evidence from the 'PROspective MulticEnTer RadIcal Cystectomy Series 2011 (PROMETRICS 2011)' Study: How are Preoperative @entity1 Characteristics Associated with Urinary Diversion Type After Radical Cystectomy for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['UD', 'urinary diversion']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Bladder Cancer']


abstract: Forty-five @entity1 were divided into two groups: group I, 23 @entity1 , treated with @entity57463 (Mentax) cream alone, and group II, 22 @entity1 , treated with @entity57463 and 20% @entity1133 ointment (Keratinamin) to evaluate the usefulness of the treatments. We also measured the transfer of these drugs to the horny layer in some @entity1 . The clinical improvement rate of dermatological symptoms (marked improvement + improvement) was 91.3% in group I, 100% in group II, with therapeutic effects evident earlier in group II than in group I. The mycological eradication rate was found to be 47.4% in group I, 50.0% in group II after 4 weeks of treatment, and 81.8 and 87.5% at 12 weeks thereaftcr. respectively, with no adverse reactions found. The clinical utility rate (markedly useful + useful) was 91.3% in group I and 86.4% in group II. These results demonstrate that application of @entity57463 alone was extremely effective for the treatment of @entity14654 and that combination application with @entity1133 ointment resulted in an earlier improvement of dermatological symptoms. The concentration of @entity57463 in the horny layer from healthy volunteers reached a steady state in both groups I and II at 2 weeks after the application, with a lower concentration found in group II (about 70 ng mg(-1)) than in group I (about 100 ng,mg(-1)). Although some variations in concentration were found in case by case, @entity1 in whom the treatment was determined to be 'markedly effective and effective' showed the increase in concentration of the drug in the lesional horny layer to be directly proportional to the number of days of treatment, with a lower concentration found in group II than in group I. This trend was also seen in healthy volunteers.

title: XXXX (Mentax) cream for the treatment of @entity14654 and its transfer into the horny layer, with or without concomitant application of 20% @entity1133 ointment (Keratinamin).

entities_list: @entity14654 :: ('MESH:D014008', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkeratotic-type tinea pedis']

entities_list: @entity57463 :: ('MESH:C067594', 'Chemical') :: ['butenafine', 'butenafine hydrochloride']

answer: @entity57463 :: (MESH:C067594,Chemical) :: ['Butenafine hydrochloride']


abstract: Current preservation techniques for lung transplantation limit ischemic time to 6 hours. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of @entity14455 , a low molecular weight free radical scavenger, to prolong this interval. An in vivo @entity235 transplantation model was used to assess lung function. At harvest and after circulatory arrest, the donor lung was flushed with modified @entity7634 -Collins solution (50 mL/kg). In a blinded fashion, @entity14455 (5 g) or saline solution was added to the flush solution at harvest and also infused (20 g over 2 hours) at reimplantation. Harvested lungs were stored for 12 hours at 4 degrees C. Allotransplantation was performed in recipient @entity235 ventilated with 40% @entity3612 . After 1 hour, the contralateral pulmonary artery was ligated, forcing the @entity235 to be dependent on the transplanted lung. Twelve @entity235 were studied, with 6 randomly assigned to each treatment group in a blinded fashion. Measurements were recorded for 8 hours, keeping the inspired @entity26 fraction constant at 0.40. All @entity14455 -treated @entity235 survived the observation period, whereas one third of the @entity235 that received saline solution died. @entity14455 -treated @entity235 had significantly greater arterial @entity26 tension and significantly less pulmonary vascular resistance compared with control animals. These results suggest that treatment of the lung with a free radical scavenger ( @entity14455 ) improves pulmonary function after reimplantation in a @entity235 model after 12-hour hypothermic storage.

title: Enhanced pulmonary function using XXXX for twelve-hour lung preservation.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity14455 :: ('MESH:C038983', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylthiourea', 'Dimethylthiourea']

answer: @entity14455 :: (MESH:C038983,Chemical) :: ['dimethylthiourea']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A ssociations between well-being, serum levels of @entity442 ( @entity442 ), and its primary binding protein @entity2301 , were examined in an epidemiologic study. The influence of physical activity on the effect of hormones on well-being was considered. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from @entity1 of the KORA-Age study (n=985, age 64-93) was analyzed in sex-specific multivariable regressions of well-being (World Health Organization (WHO) -5) or ill-being (geriatric @entity308 scale (GDS) -15). Models were adjusted for age, physical activity, sleep, BMI, smoking, and cognition. Adjusted WHO-5 means demonstrated the interaction between hormone quintiles with physical activity. RESULTS: Full models indicated that increased @entity2301 positively associated with well-being in @entity1 (b estimate=0.14, @entity2246 ( @entity2246 )=0.06) and less so in @entity1 (b=0.11, @entity2246 =0.07). @entity442 associated positively with @entity308 (b=0.11, @entity2246 =0.06) and negatively with well-being (b=-0.11, @entity2246 =0.06) in @entity1 . Similar but not statistically discernable effects were observed in @entity1 . Adjusted mean WHO-5 scores illustrated the positive effect of physical activity and @entity2301 on well-being in @entity1 only. CONCLUSIONS: Opposite and independent associations of @entity442 and @entity2301 on well-being observed in @entity1 suggests neuroprotective effects of @entity2301 in age.

title: Mind over hormones; Sex differences in associations of well-being with XXXX , @entity2301 and physical activity in the KORA-Age study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor 1', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['standard error', 'SE']

answer: @entity442 :: (3479,Gene) :: ['IGF-I']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of regularly scheduled administration of analgesic medication on behavior, emotional well-being, and use of as-needed psychotropic medications in nursing home residents with moderate-to-severe @entity303 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. SETTING: Nursing-home based. @entity1 : Twenty-five nursing home residents with moderate-to-severe @entity303 . INTERVENTION: @entity1 received 4 weeks of @entity1443 (3,000 mg/d) and 4 weeks of placebo. MEASUREMENTS: Behavior and emotional well-being were assessed using Dementia Care Mapping, an observational method that quantifies time spent in behaviors across 26 domains (e.g., social interaction, unattended distress) and assesses emotional state while behaviors are being observed. Agitation was measured using the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory. As-needed psychotropic medication use was aggregated from medication logs. RESULTS: @entity1 spent more time in social interaction, engaged with media, talking to themselves, engaged in work-like activity, and experiencing unattended distress when they received @entity1443 than they did when they received placebo. @entity1 also spent less time in their rooms, less time removed from the nursing home unit, and less time performing personal care activities when they received @entity1443 . There were no effects on agitation, emotional well-being, or as-needed psychotropic medication use. CONCLUSION: Untreated @entity158 inhibits activity in nursing home residents with moderate-to-severe @entity303 . @entity158 treatment in this group may facilitate engagement with the environment.

title: Effect of @entity1443 on behavior, well-being, and psychotropic medication use in nursing home residents with moderate-to-severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Glycemic control (HbA(1c) [ @entity3916 ]) is strongly associated with @entity66 in individuals with @entity6 , but its relation to @entity66 and @entity731 is less clear. This study examines the relationship between @entity3916 , carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ), and traditional cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 2,060 @entity1 with diagnosed and undiagnosed (unrecognized) @entity6 in the @entity731 Risk in Communities study was performed. RESULTS: LDL and HDL @entity165 , plasma @entity1674 , and waist-to-hip ratio were significantly associated with @entity3916 after multivariable adjustment. African Americans with undiagnosed and diagnosed @entity6 had significantly elevated @entity3916 values compared with whites, even after adjustment for potentially confounding factors. There was a graded association between @entity3916 and @entity1004 . In a fully adjusted model in individuals with undiagnosed @entity6 , the odds ratio (OR) of being in the highest quartile of @entity121 versus the lowest was 2.46 (95% CI 1.16-5.03, comparing the highest quartile of @entity3916 to the lowest). In @entity1 with diagnosed @entity6 , the comparable OR was 2.62 (1.36-5.06). CONCLUSIONS: This study identified several important associations between @entity3916 and known risk factors for @entity65 and suggested that @entity3916 is independently related to @entity1004 . Chronically elevated @entity413 levels may contribute to the development of @entity731 in @entity1 with @entity6 , independent of other risk factors.

title: Glycemic control, XXXX , and risk factors for @entity65 in individuals with @entity6 : the @entity731 risk in communities study.

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['carotid IMT']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['macrovascular disease', 'microvascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']