abstract: BACKGROUND: Radial artery conduits are increasingly used in coronary artery bypass grafting as an additional arterial graft to the internal thoracic artery. Their reactive nature remains a concern, often necessitating the routine use of topically applied vasodilators, such as @entity1242 , @entity3302 , @entity5333 , or @entity460 channel antagonists, in theatre. During preparation prior to surgery and grafting, radial artery conduits are exposed to cooling and rewarming. We investigated how these temperature changes would affect radial artery contractility and how commonly used topical treatments might be used to prevent this. METHODS: @entity1 radial artery was obtained excess to surgery and arterial sections used in organ bath tension experiments or for the culture of smooth muscle cells from medial explants. RESULTS: The radial artery responded to rapid cooling by the addition of 22 degrees C buffer with contraction. Gradual cooling, over a 20 to 30 minute period, reduced basal tension and the response to @entity4337 ( @entity4338 ) and @entity1063 . Subsequent rewarming from 22 degrees C to 37 degrees C reestablished contraction at precooled levels and led to an elevation of the basal tension. Increases in tension measured in the radial artery were paralleled by increases in intracellular @entity460 in smooth muscle cells. Contraction induced by rapid temperature changes could be blocked by @entity1242 but not by @entity5333 . @entity3302 and @entity460 channel blockers had only limited activity. CONCLUSIONS: Temperature changes commonly encountered in theatre during the preparation of radial artery grafts are likely to cause contraction. If rapid temperature change cannot be avoided during graft preparation, then topically applied @entity1242 will block these responses.

title: Temperature changes stimulate contraction in the XXXX radial artery and affect response to vasoconstrictors.

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['glyceryl trinitrate']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['Papaverine', 'papaverine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chloride']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A review of epidemiological surveys of the periodontal conditions of young @entity1 has shown that chronic @entity2522 associated primarily with plaque, is global, very common and even endemic in some population groups. Data on the prevalence of transient gingival conditions associated with tooth eruption, puberty and systemic factors are lacking and therefore their contribution to the prevalence of @entity2520 is unknown. Reports of @entity2521 in young @entity1 are relatively uncommon except in a few populations where it appears as an adult-type of chronic @entity2521 . @entity6223 and other more destructive forms of @entity2521 are not common. However, problems in epidemiological methodology and clinical differential diagnosis make comparative evaluation of survey data difficult and subjective. Two epidemiological indices, the Periodontal Index and the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) have been used for many surveys in varied population groups. They provide data which agree on the ubiquity of @entity2522 , whether identified visually or by bleeding-on-probing, and the low frequency of @entity2521 . Data from CPITN surveys reveal a higher prevalence of @entity1608 (sub-gingival) associated with @entity2522 in young @entity1 than previously reported. All the epidemiological data reviewed point to plaque as the primary aetiological agent in @entity2522 . There is little evidence of the involvement of other factors except that host resistance/susceptibility in this age group may modify the microbial effect.

title: Periodontal health and XXXX in young @entity1 : global epidemiology.

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis', 'marginal gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity6223 :: ('MESH:D010520', 'Disease') :: ['Juvenile periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['marginal periodontitis', 'periodontitis']

answer: @entity2520 :: (MESH:D010510,Disease) :: ['periodontal disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2806 ( @entity2806 ) is a major complicating event after @entity131 ( @entity131 ) in which @entity409 is a key player. This study evaluates cellular markers of endothelial function and in vivo reactive @entity450 in @entity1 with @entity131 and their relationship to the development of @entity2806 . We studied cellular markers of @entity409 and the peripheral reactive @entity450 index (RHI) in 26 @entity1 with @entity131 at admission and after 6 and 12 days, and compared these with those of healthy volunteers (n   =   15). @entity2806 was determined clinically or by computer tomography. In @entity1 with @entity131 , RHI at admission was significantly reduced compared with healthy subjects (P   =   0.003), coinciding with a decrease in circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC; P   =   0.002). The RHI recovered in eight @entity1 without development of @entity2806 , but failed to fully recover by day 12 in three of four @entity1 who developed @entity2806 . Despite recovery of the RHI within 12 days in these @entity1 (P   =   0.003), EPC count remained significantly lower after 12 days in @entity1 with @entity131 (P   =   0.022). @entity2279 (+) T cells and endothelial microparticles were not different between controls and @entity1 . No differences were noted in cellular markers of @entity409 in @entity1 developing @entity2806 and those not. In conclusion, @entity1 with @entity131 exhibit impaired microvascular endothelial function measured as RHI and a decreased circulating level of EPC.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: XXXX in @entity131 and the development of @entity2806 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['ABI', 'acute brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['CeI', 'cerebral ischemia', 'Cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Endothelial dysfunction']


abstract: PURPOSE: The correlation between imaging findings and pathologic characteristics of @entity5 may provide information for diagnosis and treatment of @entity5 . The aim of this study is to determine whether ultrasound features of @entity0 are associated with molecular subtype, histologic grade, and @entity5282 status, as well as assess the predictive value of these features. METHODS: A total of 201 consecutive invasive @entity0 @entity1 were reviewed from the database according to the Breast Imaging and Reporting Data System (BI-RADS). Tumor margins were classified as circumscribed and noncircumscribed. Noncircumscribed group was divided into indistinct, spiculated, angular, and microlobulated. The posterior acoustic features were divided into four categories: shadowing, enhancement, no change, and mixed pattern. RESULTS: @entity5 with posterior shadowing were more likely to be of nontriple negative subtype (odds ratio [OR], 7.42; 95% CI, 2.10-24.99; P = 0.002), low histologic grade (grade 1 or 2 vs. grade 3: OR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.34-4.35; P = 0.003) and having at least one positive receptor (OR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.55-7.26; P = 0.002). @entity5 with circumscribed margins were more often triple-negative subtype (OR, 6.72; 95% CI, 2.56-17.65; P < 0.001), high grade (grade 3 vs. grade 1 or 2: OR, 5.42; 95% CI, 2.66-11.00; P < 0.001) and @entity5282 negative (OR, 4.87; 95% CI, 2.37-9.99; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Sonographic features are strongly associated with molecular subtype, histologic grade, and @entity5282 status of the @entity5 . These findings may separate triple-negative @entity0 from other molecular subtypes.

title: The role of ultrasonographic findings to predict molecular subtype, histologic grade, and @entity5282 status of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['hormone receptor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate whether diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance (MR) imaging depicts differences in World Health Organization (WHO) grade II and III glial @entity1313 on the basis of @entity5 architecture and peritumoral tract invasion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study protocol was approved by the local ethics committee, and written informed consent was obtained. Diffusion-tensor MR imaging was performed in 23 @entity1 (15 @entity1 , eight @entity1 ; mean age, 47 years) with histologically confirmed @entity13 . Eleven of the 23 @entity5 were low-grade @entity11 (WHO grade II) and 12 were @entity11 (WHO grade III). Regions of interest were placed in the @entity5 center, @entity5 border, normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) adjacent to the @entity5 , and NAWM of the contralateral hemisphere. fractional anisotropy (FA) ratios were calculated for regions of interest in relation to the NAWM of the contralateral hemisphere. Pairwise comparisons were performed by using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Median FA ratios for grade II versus grade III @entity11 were 0.406 versus 0.405, respectively, for @entity5 center, 0.733 versus 0.449, respectively, for @entity5 border, and 0.962 versus 0.943, respectively, for NAWM adjacent to the @entity5 . Differences in FA ratio between low-grade and high-grade @entity5 were significant in the @entity5 border only (P = .01). Differences in FA ratio were not significant between low-grade and high-grade @entity11 in the @entity5 center or in the NAWM adjacent to the @entity5 . CONCLUSION: The periphery of low-grade @entity11 contains a considerable amount of preserved fiber tracts. In high-grade @entity11 , however, most of these tracts are disarranged. Low FA ratios in the @entity5 center are consistent with a high degree of disorganization of myelinated fiber tracts in the center of both low-grade and high-grade @entity11 .

title: Low-grade and XXXX : differences in architecture evaluated with diffusion-tensor MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity13 :: ('MESH:C564230', 'Disease') :: ['brain gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas', 'anaplastic gliomas']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['anaplastic gliomas']


abstract: @entity131 ( @entity131 ) triggers many secondary changes in tissue biology, which ultimately determine the extent of injury and clinical outcome. Hyaluronan [ @entity7245 ( @entity7245 )] is a protective cementing gel present in the intercellular spaces whose degradation has been reported as a causative factor in tissue damage. Yet little is known about the expression and activities of genes involved in @entity7245 catabolism after @entity131 . Young adult male @entity35 were assigned to three groups: na  ve control, craniotomy, and @entity131 ( @entity131 ). Four animals per group were sacrificed at 4   h, 1, 3, and 7   days post-CCI. The mRNA expression of hyaluronan synthases ( @entity32863 -3), hyaluronidases (enzymes for @entity7245 degradation, @entity40996 -4, and PH20), and @entity3802 and @entity3802 (membrane receptors for @entity7245 signaling and removal) were determined using real-time PCR. Compared to the na  ve controls, expression of @entity32863 and @entity32864 mRNA, but not @entity32865 mRNA increased significantly following craniotomy alone and following CCI with differential kinetics. Expression of @entity32864 mRNA increased significantly in the ipsilateral brain at 1 and 3   days post-CCI. @entity40996 mRNA expression also increased significantly in the craniotomy group and in the contralateral CCI at 1 and 3   days post-CCI. @entity3802 mRNA expression increased significantly in the ipsilateral CCI at 4   h, 1, 3, and 7   days post-CCI (up to 25-fold increase). These data suggest a dynamic regulation and role for @entity7245 metabolism in secondary responses to @entity131 .

title: Divergent Temporal Expression of Hyaluronan Metabolizing Enzymes and Receptors with Craniotomy vs. Controlled-Cortical Impact Injury in XXXX Brain: A Pilot Study.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['CCI-TBI', 'TBI', 'controlled-cortical impact-induced TBI', 'Traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity7245 :: ('MESH:D000592', 'Disease') :: ['hyaluronic acid', 'HA']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity131 is a common finding in @entity1 with @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies associate the reduction of hippocampal volume with the @entity528 seen on histologic evaluation. Astrogliosis and increased levels of @entity12006 , a major component of brain extracellular matrix, are also seen in @entity131 . Our aim was to evaluate the association between hippocampal volume and @entity12006 , as well as neuronal and astroglial populations in the hippocampus of @entity1 with @entity1315 . METHODS: @entity1 with drug-resistant @entity1315 were subdivided, according to hippocampal volume measured by MRI, into two groups: @entity194 ( @entity194 ) or normal volume (NV) cases. Hippocampi from @entity1315 @entity1 and age-matched controls were submitted to immunohistochemistry to evaluate neuronal population, astroglial population, and @entity12006 expression with antibodies against @entity10946 ( @entity10946 ), @entity538 ( @entity538 ), and @entity12006 (CS-56) antigens, respectively. RESULTS: Both @entity1315 groups were clinically similar. NV cases had higher hippocampal volume, both ipsilateral and contralateral, when compared to @entity194 . Compared to controls, NV and @entity194 @entity1 had reduced neuron density, and increased @entity538 and CS-56 immunopositive area. There was no statistical difference between NV and @entity194 groups in neuron density or immunopositive areas for @entity538 and CS-56. Hippocampal volume correlated positively with neuron density in @entity1399 and prosubiculum, and with immunopositive areas for CS-56 in @entity1399 , and negatively with immunopositive area for @entity538 in @entity1399 . Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that both neuron density and CS-56 immunopositive area in @entity1399 were statistically significant predictors of hippocampal volume. SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings indicate that neuron density and @entity12006 immunopositive area in the @entity1399 subfield are crucial for the hippocampal volume, and that @entity12006 is important for the maintenance of a normal hippocampal volume in some cases with severe @entity528 .

title: XXXX @entity1 with severe hippocampal @entity528 but normal hippocampal volume: Extracellular matrix molecules are important for the maintenance of hippocampal volume.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Hippocampal sclerosis', 'hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity12006 :: ('MESH:D002809', 'Chemical') :: ['chondroitin sulfate']

entities_list: @entity538 :: ('2670', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['HA', 'hippocampal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity10946 :: ('146713', 'Gene') :: ['NeuN', 'neuron nuclei protein']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron loss']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['Temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine whether lifestyle and psycho-social factors determine changes in body composition over 10 years in a population of black African females with a high prevalence of @entity28 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected from 430 @entity1 at baseline and 10-year follow-up. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry-derived body fat mass and fat free soft tissue mass, and simple anthropometric measures were taken at both time points. Data on physical activity (PA), diet, smoking, and @entity285 intake were collected at baseline. Body size dissatisfaction and body size discrepancy were determined at baseline using the @entity48992 ( @entity48992 ) index and the perceived minus actual weight status discrepancy score (PAD), respectively. RESULTS: All body composition measurements increased over 10 years (p<0.0005). Two distinct groups of overweight/obese females were identified using PAD and @entity48992 : one that was content with their body size and one that wished to be leaner. Vigorous PA at baseline was inversely associated with absolute changes in all measures of adiposity. In subjects who underestimated their body size at baseline (74.0% of the study population) changes in total and peripheral levels of body fat were less than in subjects who correctly identified their body size. In the group that underestimated body size, more @entity1 wanted to be leaner than in the group who knew their body size (60.1% vs 47.5%, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Underestimation of body size is common and is associated with a lower @entity1017 and a prevalent desire to lose weight.

title: The Role of Lifestyle and Psycho-Social Factors in Predicting Changes in Body Composition in Black South African XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['gain in total body adiposity']

entities_list: @entity48992 :: ('MESH:D003410', 'Disease') :: ['FID', 'feel minus ideal']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Marshall et al (AJR Am J Roentgenol 2012; 199:997-1002) initially demonstrated that the hepatorenal index is an effective and noninvasive tool to screen @entity1 for @entity1560 . The aim of this study was to determine whether the hepatorenal index can be accurately calculated directly from a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) quickly and efficiently without the need for the multiple steps and specialized software used to calculate hepatorenal index in the study by Marshall et al. METHODS: We evaluated 99 of the 101 @entity1 included in the study by Marshall et al: @entity1 being followed by hepatologists with plans for liver biopsy. The hepatorenal index was calculated by using Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images from a PACS and a markup region-of-interest tool. We compared this value to the value that Marshall et al derived by using specialized software and to standard histologic estimates. We created similar subgroups: @entity1 with @entity1560 based on histologically estimated intracellular fat exceeding 5% and @entity1 without @entity1560 . RESULTS: The mean hepatorenal index    SD for those with @entity1560 according to histologic findings was 1.87    0.6, and for those without, it was 1.14    0.2. A hepatorenal index of 1.34 or higher had 92% sensitivity for identifying fat exceeding 5%, 85% specificity, a 94% negative predictive value, and a 79% positive predictive value. Substantial agreement was found between the hepatorenal index calculated from DICOM images and macrovesicular fat categorized at the cut point of 1.34 or higher (k = 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.62-0.88; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The hepatorenal index can be quickly and accurately calculated from DICOM images directly on a PACS without supplementary software.

title: Improved method for calculating XXXX using the hepatorenal index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis', 'steatosis']

answer: @entity1560 :: (MESH:D005234,Disease) :: ['hepatic steatosis']


abstract: All @entity1 @entity6708 -dependent protein kinases (PKGs) are dimeric. Dimerization of PKGs involves sequences located near the @entity1472 termini, which contain a conserved, extended @entity368 zipper motif. In @entity6709 Ibeta this includes eight Leu/Ile heptad repeats, and in the present study, deletion and site-directed mutagenesis have been used to systematically delete these repeats or substitute individual Leu/Ile. The enzymatic properties and quaternary structures of these purified @entity6709 mutants have been determined. All had specific enzyme activities comparable to wild type @entity6709 . Simultaneous substitution of @entity493 at four or more of the Leu/Ile heptad repeats ((L3A/ @entity36514 / @entity50845 / @entity64468 ), ( @entity64469 / @entity64470 / @entity64471 / @entity64472 ), ( @entity50845 / @entity64468 / @entity64469 / @entity64470 / @entity64471 / @entity64472 ), and (L3A/ @entity36514 / @entity64471 / @entity64472 )) of the motif produces a monomeric @entity6709 Ibeta. Mutation of two Leu/Ile heptad repeats can produce either a dimeric (L3A/ @entity36514 ) or monomeric ( @entity50845 / @entity64468 and @entity64469 / @entity64470 ) @entity6709 . Point mutation of Leu-17 or Ile-24 ( @entity50845 or @entity64468 ) does not disrupt dimerization. These results suggest that all eight Leu/Ile heptad repeats are involved in dimerization of @entity6709 Ibeta. Six of the eight repeats are sufficient to mediate dimerization, but substitutions at some positions (Leu-17, Ile-24, Leu-31, and Ile-38) appear to have greater impact than others on dimerization. The Ka of @entity6708 for activation of monomeric mutants ( @entity6709 Ibeta (delta1-52) and @entity6709 Ibeta @entity50845 / @entity64468 / @entity64469 / @entity64470 / @entity64471 / @entity64472 ) is 2- to 3-fold greater than that for wild type dimeric @entity6709 Ibeta, and there is a corresponding 2- to 3-fold increase in @entity6708 -dissociation rate of the high affinity @entity6708 -binding site (site A) of these monomers. These results indicate that dimerization increases sensitivity for @entity6708 activation of the enzyme.

title: Dimerization of XXXX -dependent protein kinase Ibeta is mediated by an extensive @entity1472 -terminal @entity368 zipper motif, and dimerization modulates enzyme function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity64470 :: ('p|SUB|I|38|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['I38A']

entities_list: @entity64472 :: ('p|SUB|I|52|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['I52A']

entities_list: @entity50845 :: ('p|SUB|L|17|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['L17A']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity64471 :: ('p|SUB|L|45|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['L45A']

entities_list: @entity64469 :: ('p|SUB|L|31|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['L31A']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity64468 :: ('p|SUB|I|24|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['I24A']

entities_list: @entity36514 :: ('p|SUB|L|10|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['L10A']

answer: @entity6708 :: (CHEBI:16356,Chemical) :: ['cGMP']


abstract: Cooperatively breeding, group-living @entity7533 show differentiated relationships, where more strongly bonded dyads within a group engage more in affiliative interactions than less strongly bonded ones. Intriguingly, recent results suggest that strong bonds do not only occur between breeding partners but between individuals from any sex or status, and that strong-bond partners exhibit correlated @entity398 fluctuations (dyadic @entity398 synchrony, OTS) over a period of six weeks. To date, it is unclear whether such relationships are stable over time and whether they are also reflected in higher partner-specific proactive prosociality. To assess the long-term stability of the relationship structure of @entity7533 family groups, we investigated whether hormonal and behavioral markers of group structure ( @entity8719 , dyadic affiliation, and individual group integration) in @entity7533 families remained stable over a period of six months. We collected baseline urinary OT and social behavior of 36 dyads from three family groups in a non-reproductive period (period A), and again six months later, around the birth of new @entity1 (period B). Patterns of @entity8719 , dyadic affiliation, and individual group integration were consistent between the two study periods. @entity398 data from a fourth group (10 dyads), collected in two non-reproductive periods separated by a period of more than five years, could replicate this finding. Furthermore, OTS was also correlated with proactive prosociality that was assessed experimentally for 38 dyads during an earlier study. These results suggest that differentiated relationships are stable over time, even between group members other than the breeding pair, and that more strongly bonded partners also show higher levels of proactive prosociality. Future studies are necessary to identify whether these relationships have an adaptive function, perhaps with regard to positive consequences on cooperativeness.

title: Long-term-stability of relationship structure in family groups of XXXX , and its link to proactive prosociality.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin', 'Oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity7533 :: ('9483', 'Species') :: ['common marmosets', 'common marmoset']

entities_list: @entity8719 :: ('MESH:D010040', 'Disease') :: ['dyadic OTS']

answer: @entity7533 :: (9483,Species) :: ['common marmosets']


abstract: PURPOSE: Tumor somatic mutation analysis is part of the standard management of @entity2 . However, physicians often have to deal with small biopsies and consequently with challenging mutation testing. Circulating free DNA (cfDNA) is a promising tool for accessing the @entity5 genome as a liquid biopsy. Here, we evaluated next-generation sequencing (NGS) on cfDNA samples obtained from a consecutive series of @entity1 for the screening of a range of clinically relevant mutations. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A total of 107 plasma samples were collected from the BioCAST/IFCT-1002 @entity2 study (never-smokers cohort). @entity5 DNA (tDNA) was obtained for 68 cases. Multiplex PCR-based assays were designed to target specific coding regions in @entity470 , @entity984 , @entity817 , @entity1722 , and PI3KCA genes, and amplicon sequencing was performed at deep coverage on the cfDNA/tDNA pairs using the NGS IonTorrent Personal Genome Machine Platform. RESULTS: CfDNA concentration in plasma was significantly associated with both stage and number of metastatic sites. In tDNA, 50 mutations (36 @entity470 , 5 @entity1722 , 4 @entity984 , 3 @entity817 , and 2 @entity10160 ) were identified, of which 26 were detected in cfDNA. Sensitivity of the test was 58% (95% confidence interval, 43%-71%) and the estimated specificity was 87% (62%-96%). CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate the feasibility and potential utility of mutation screening in cfDNA using IonTorrent NGS for the detection of a range of @entity5 biomarkers in @entity1 with @entity2 .

title: Noninvasive diagnosis of actionable mutations by deep sequencing of circulating free DNA in XXXX from never-smokers: a proof-of-concept study from BioCAST/IFCT-1002.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Matched tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: An open therapeutic trial was conducted in @entity1 with @entity4401 . Results were compared with data in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1997 and 2000, 76 @entity1 with @entity4401 were treated with intravenous @entity1667 (2 mg/kg/day) and @entity1033 (5-10 mg/kg/8 hours) for 7 days. Treatment was initiated in all @entity1 before the 14th day of illness. Severity of the palsy was scored on the first day of treatment and again one year later using the House and Brackman scale. RESULTS: Grade II or III palsy were observed in 38% of the @entity1 at initial presentation, grades IV to VI in 62%. After treatment, 92% of the @entity1 had reverted to grades I and II (good outcome) and only 8% had sequelae at 1-year follow-up. All @entity1 with initial grade I or II recovered completely. For @entity1 with grade IV, V, or VI complete recovery at 1 year was observed in 94, 86 and 50% respectively. CONCLUSION: Data in the literature suggest that corticosteroids should improve recovery in Bell's plasy. In our study, adjunction of @entity1033 did not demonstrate any clear improvement in the cure rate. Benefit could depend on early prescription.

title: [Treatment of @entity4401 with XXXX and @entity1667 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity4401 :: ('MESH:D020330', 'Disease') :: ["Bell's palsy"]

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

answer: @entity1033 :: (MESH:D000212,Chemical) :: ['acyclovir']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The most frequent long term side effects of @entity1963 ( @entity1963 ) surgery are obstructive problems and fecal @entity322 . In this study, we analyse long term functional results of the two most used surgical techniques (Duhamel-D- and De la Torre-dlT-) from the @entity1 's point of view, through quality of life and functionality questionnaires. METHODS: We selected short segment @entity1963 @entity1 >=  4 years) that were operated in our unit from 1996 until 2011. We employed two validated questionnaires: Bowel Function Score (BFS) and Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI). Both questionnaires were also tested in two control age matched groups, each for every arm (controlD or control dlT). RESULTS: Among 28 preselected @entity1 , 22 (78.6%) answered both questionnaires. Group D (10 @entity1 ) showed more @entity1142 : 60% vs. 16.7% ( p = 0.01). @entity1 in group dlT (12 @entity1 ) showed more leaks: 58.3 vs. 10% (p = 0.03). Results of both questionnaires were higher (better) in Group D: 16 vs. 12.8 points (BFS, p = 0.007) and 74.1 vs. 69.8 (GIQLI, p = 0.17). The control group showed an overall better scores than @entity1963 @entity1 : 17.2 vs. 14.3 (BFS p = 0.001) and 75.9 vs. 71.8 (GIQLI, p = 0.04). Separately, both groups of @entity1 showed worse scores when compared with each control group. DISCUSSION: Our results are similar to other studies, where global scores of functional results and quality of life are worse in operated @entity1963 @entity1 than in age matched controls. @entity1241 has more impact on social scores than @entity1142 . Due to the fact that our dlT @entity1 have more frequently fecal leaks, their scores are worse than in the D group. Nevertheless, @entity1 in dlT group are younger and may improve their results as they get older, as it is often the case in operated @entity1963 @entity1 .

title: [Quality of life and long term results in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hirschsprung's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['Fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1963 :: (MESH:D006627,Disease) :: ['Hirschsprung's disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The severity of @entity293 ( @entity293 ) produced by uropathogenic @entity526 (UPEC) is due to the expression of a wide spectrum of virulence genes. @entity526 strains were divided into four phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2 and D) based on their virulence genes. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between virulence genes, phylogenetic groups, and antibiotic resistance of UPEC. METHODOLOGY: A total of 148 @entity526 were tested for antimicrobial resistance against 10 drugs using the disk diffusion method. The isolates were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of virulence genes and categorized into the four major phylogenetic groups. RESULTS: Phylogenetic group B2 was predominant (33.8%), followed by D (28.4%), A (19.6), and B1 (18.2%). A higher prevalence of fimH (89.9%), fyuA (70.3%), traT (66.2%), iutA (62.2%), kpsMTII (58.8%), and aer (56.1%) genes were found in UPEC, indicating a putative role of adhesins, @entity68 acquisition systems, and protectins that are main cause of UTIs. The most common antibiotic resistance was to @entity8802 (85.1%), @entity869 (78.4%) and the least to @entity6616 (5.4%) and @entity2892 (2%). In total, 93.9% of isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that group B2 and D were the predominant phylogenetic groups and virulence-associated genes were mostly distributed in these groups. The virulence genes encoding components of adhesins, @entity68 acquisition systems, and protectins were highly prevalent among antibiotic-resistant UPEC. Although the majority of strains are MDR, @entity6616 is the drug of choice for treatment of @entity293 @entity1 in Ulaanbaatar.

title: Detection of virulence genes, phylogenetic group and antibiotic resistance of uropathogenic XXXX in Mongolia.

entities_list: @entity8802 :: ('CHEBI:124991', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalotin']

entities_list: @entity6616 :: ('MESH:D009582', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrofurantoin']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'UTI']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical feature and misdiagnosis of 128 @entity1 with @entity2360 and propose the points of diagnosis for this disease. METHOD: 128 @entity1 with @entity2360 from Jan. 1983-Apr. 2000 admitted to our hospital were reviewed. Their clinical feature and diagnosis condition, such as the early onset symptoms, misdiagnosis and @entity6118 were studied. RESULTS: 1. The first onset symptoms: 64 were @entity409 and 52 were manifestations of CNS (P > 0.05). 2. The average age of @entity1 with @entity409 was significantly younger (13 +/- 3.5 years) than that of CNS manifestations (23 +/- 8.3 years, P < 0.05). 3. The positive rate of @entity20683 was 96.8%; the value of @entity920 oxidase absorbency was 0.051 +/- 0.024 (0.01-0.16) and its positive rate was 93%. 4. The overall misdiagnosis rate was 42.9% (55/128) and the predominant mis-diagnostic diseases were @entity99 and chronic @entity99 . CONCLUSION: The clinical manifestations are diverse, which make the misdiagnosis rate very high. The age of @entity409 @entity1 is significantly younger than that of the CNS manifestations @entity1 . @entity20683 and @entity920 oxidase absorbency are of high positive rate, as it can be carried out conveniently in clinics we recommends to use this diagnostic measure for @entity2360 .

title: [Analysis of 128 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity20683 :: ('MESH:C535684', 'Disease') :: ['cornea Kayser-Fleischer ring', 'Cornea Kayser-Fleischer ring']

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ["Wilson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity6118 :: ('MESH:D006971', 'Disease') :: ['hypersplenism']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis A', 'hepatitis']

answer: @entity2360 :: (MESH:D006527,Disease) :: ['Wilson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have produced conflicting results on the effects of early versus delayed invasive strategy in NSTE-ACS @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: To perform up to date meta-analysis on the pooled data sample comparing early versus delayed invasive strategy, and to explore potential causes for the observed high statistical heterogeneity. METHODS: MEDLINE via Pubmed, Central, Google Scholar, Clinical Trials Registry, Current controlled study and ClinicalTrials.gov registry and relevant conference proceedings were searched. RCTs were included that directly compared early versus delayed invasive strategy and reported rates of @entity204 , new @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and/or recurrent @entity63 . RESULTS: 10 RCTs with 6089 @entity1 were included. Time to coronary angiography varied from 0.5 to 24  h in the early and from 20.5 to 86  h in the delayed group. Meta-analysis showed no significant difference in mortality (OR  =  0.83, 95%CI 0.64-1.08, P  =  0.16), and similar new @entity583 rates (OR  =  1.02, 95%CI 0.63-1.64, P  =  0.94). The rate of recurrent @entity63 was reduced in @entity1 undergoing early coronary angiography (OR  =  0.56, 95%CI 0.40-0.79, P  =  0.001). Subgroup analysis indicated that the rate of new @entity583 tended to depend on the study-specific endpoint definition (p for difference between subgroups 0.11), while a meta-regression revealed association of new @entity583 rates with the within-study delay to coronary angiography (p  =  0.05). CONCLUSION: Early invasive strategy appears to reduce the occurrence of recurrent @entity63 , but confers no mortality benefit. The true effect on the occurrence of new @entity583 is obscured by the high between-study heterogeneity that stems mainly from non-uniform timing of early intervention and new @entity583 definitions across the trials.

title: Timing of invasive strategy in NSTE-ACS XXXX and effect on clinical outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To better understand localized @entity10217 epidemics, we evaluated a serogroup A (NmA) epidemic in Burkina Faso by surveillance, carriage, and seroprevalence studies. METHODS: During March-April 2006, cerebrospinal fluid samples from @entity1 suspected to have @entity693 in 3 epidemic villages were analyzed by culture or polymerase chain reaction. We assessed meningococcal carriage and serogroup-specific serum bactericidal antibody titers with baby @entity95 complement (rSBA) in a representative population sample (N = 624; age range, 1-39 years). A serogroup A/C polysaccharide vaccine campaign occurred in parallel. RESULTS: Cumulative incidence of @entity693 was 0.45% and varied among villages (0.08%-0.91%). NmA carriage prevalence was 16% without variation by vaccination status. NmA carriage and anti-NmA seroprevalence varied by village and incidence. In the 2 villages with highest incidence and seroprevalence, presence of rSBA titers >= 8 was associated with NmA carriage (odds ratio [OR], 9.33 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.90-45.91]) and vaccination  <=4 days earlier (OR, 0.10 [95% CI, .03-.32]). Visibly purulent or @entity693 was significantly associated with recent flulike symptoms and exposure to kitchen smoke (risk ratios >15). CONCLUSIONS: A surge of NmA carriage may be involved in the development of @entity7135 and rapidly increase anti-NmA seroprevalence. Flulike @entity281 may contribute to the strength of epidemics.

title: Study of a localized XXXX epidemic in Burkina Faso: incidence, carriage, and immunity.

entities_list: @entity10217 :: ('MESH:D008585', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['Nm meningitis', 'meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection and kitchen smoke']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal epidemics']

answer: @entity10217 :: (MESH:D008585,Disease) :: ['meningococcal meningitis']


abstract: Although sclerosing @entity3923 is a common abnormality in the female breast, malignant change presenting in this setting is exceedingly rare, as fewer than 20 cases have been reported. Since sclerosing @entity3923 is a lesion of the mammary lobule, it is not surprising that the majority of reported cases have been @entity1137 ( @entity1137 ). Nine @entity1 with noninvasive @entity189 , restricted in the initial biopsy specimen to foci of sclerosing @entity3923 , are reported. Seven of the @entity1 had @entity1137 , one had @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ), and one had both @entity1137 and @entity3821 . In six of the nine @entity1 , the @entity189 was an incidental finding in a breast biopsy performed for fibrocystic changes or for a @entity1557 , and in three @entity1 , the abnormality presented as a grossly discrete lesion due to confluence of foci of @entity3923 ( @entity5 ). It is important to recognize this microscopic pattern of @entity5 to prevent its misdiagnosis as @entity189 . Two @entity1 had no further treatment following initial excisional biopsy. No residual @entity189 was found in the breast or in lymph nodes in the four @entity1 who had mastectomy. Eight of these @entity1 have been followed for an average of 3 yr (range, 2 to 7 yr), and all are alive and well, without recurrence. Because of the possibility of multifocality, the rarity of the lesion, and the relatively brief follow-up interval, it seems prudent to treat these @entity1 in a manner comparable to that of @entity1 with more common presentations of noninvasive @entity189 .

title: Noninvasive carcinoma of the breast presenting in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['lobular carcinoma in situ', 'LCIS']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal carcinoma', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumoral adenosis', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadenoma']

answer: @entity3923 :: (MESH:D005348,Disease) :: ['adenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Second generations antipsychotics (SGA) are frequently used for maintenance treatment in @entity162 . We systematically reviewed the efficacy and long-term effects of treatment with SGA, regardless of treatment strategy (SGA administered either as monotherapy or as adjunctive therapy), in comparison to placebo, @entity1091 or @entity1092 . Primary outcomes were relapses (mood episode recurrence) and discontinuation. METHOD: Clinical studies were identified through database searching in PubMed, Embase, PsychInfo and Cochrane Library and critically appraised based on the Cochrane Handbook. Full data extraction of raw data was performed and analyzed with meta-analyses, and level of evidence graded using GRADE. Only randomized controlled studies (RCT) and observational studies were included, with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Comparators used were restricted to placebo, @entity1091 , @entity1092 or other anti- @entity302 drugs. RESULTS: We identified 15 RCTs on SGA in @entity162 with follow-up-time of 6 months up to 2 years, and one observational study reporting long-term effects of up to 4 years. A total of 6142 @entity1 were included in the randomized trials. No long-term RCTs beyond 2 years follow-up was identified. All RCTs except for one included @entity1 with @entity162 type I only. All RCTs except for two included @entity1 pre-stabilized on the drug under investigation prior to randomization (enrichment design). For SGA as adjunctive therapy to @entity1091 or @entity1092 , meta-analyses showed that treatment with either @entity1770 (RR: 0.65, 95% CI 0.50-0.85), @entity1089 (RR: 0.38, 95% CI 0.32-0.46) or @entity1280 (RR: 0.62, 95% CI 0.40-0.96) reduced the overall risk of relapses in @entity1 that had responded during the stabilization phase. Adjunctive therapy with @entity1089 was the only drug that reduced both @entity162 and @entity308 episodes. For SGA as monotherapy, only @entity1089 was shown to be better than @entity1091 / @entity1092 for both @entity162 and @entity308 relapses, but only for @entity1 stabilized on @entity1089 during the acute phase. As monotherapy, @entity1037 , @entity1089 and @entity1090 were shown to be superior to placebo in reducing the overall risk of relapses. LIMITATIONS: There were considerable limitations to the evidence base of maintenance treatment with SGA in @entity162 . Most studies used stabilized @entity1 , i.e. enrichment design (selection bias), had considerable dropout levels ( @entity6661 ), and variable degree of reporting bias. No long-term RCT data on efficacy is available beyond 2 years, and almost all studies are on @entity162 type I @entity1 only. Despite these limitations, we elucidate quantitative findings from meta-analyses conducted on the randomized trials published on the topic.

title: Maintenance therapy with second generation antipsychotics for XXXX - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity1280 :: ('MESH:C092292', 'Chemical') :: ['ziprasidone']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition bias']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1770 :: ('MESH:C094645', 'Chemical') :: ['aripiprazole']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We previously showed that mild @entity2332 protects against experimental @entity64 , even when cooling was delayed by 2 hours. Protection may be due in part to inhibiting @entity32 . To clarify, we examined leukocyte infiltration, microglial activation, and adhesion molecule expression in models of @entity64 and pure @entity198 . METHODS: @entity35 underwent 2-hour @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ; n=36) or intravenous injection with 5 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS; n=22). Temperature was lowered to 33 degrees C for 2 hours or kept at 37 degrees C. In @entity2500 , cooling was applied intraischemically or on reperfusion (delayed). In the LPS model, cooling began after injection. One and 3 days later, brains were assessed for neutrophils, monocytes/microglia, major histocompatibility complex class II antigen, and @entity1590 ( @entity1590 ). RESULTS: One day after @entity2500 , both intraischemic and delayed @entity2332 decreased @entity1590 (51% and 60%, respectively, versus normothermia; P<0.001), monocytes (63% and 57%; P<0.01), and microglia (55% and 53%; P<0.001). Similar decreases were seen at 3 days for @entity1590 (91% and 93%; P<0.001), monocytes (62% and 54%; P<0.01), and microglia (55% and 53%; P<0.001). In the LPS model, ED-1-positive cells were not observed in the brain, but @entity2332 decreased @entity1590 (26%; P<0.05), OX6 (56%; P<0.01), and microglia (47%; P<0.01) at 1 day. CONCLUSIONS: Mild @entity2332 decreases @entity32 responses in both @entity198 and @entity64 , implicating a direct anti- @entity32 effect of cooling. This suggests that @entity2332 can attenuate factors contributing to delayed @entity63 .

title: Mild @entity2332 inhibits @entity32 after experimental XXXX and @entity198 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'inflammatory']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['brain inflammation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity1590 :: ('25464(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A stepped care strategy (SCS) to improve adequate healthcare use in @entity1 with @entity571 was developed and implemented in a primary care region in the Netherlands. AIM: To assess the association between care that is in line with the SCS recommendations and health outcomes. DESIGN AND SETTING: Data were used from a 2-year observational study of 313 @entity1 who had consulted their GP because of @entity571 . METHOD: Care was considered 'SCS-consistent' if all advised modalities of the previous steps of the SCS were offered before more advanced modalities of subsequent steps. @entity158 and physical function were measured with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index (range 0-100); active @entity158 coping with the @entity158 Coping Inventory (range 10-40); and self-efficacy with the Dutch General Self-Efficacy Scale (range 12-48). Crude and adjusted associations between SCS-consistent care and outcomes were estimated with generalised estimating equations. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found in changes over a 2-year period in @entity158 and physical function between @entity1 who received SCS-inconsistent care (n = 163) and @entity1 who received SCS-consistent care (n = 117). This was also the case after adjusting for possible confounders, that is, -4.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] = -10.3 to 1.7) and -1.9 (95% CI = -7.0 to 3.1), respectively. Furthermore, no differences were found in changes over time between groups in self-efficacy and @entity158 coping. CONCLUSION: The results raised several important issues that need to be considered regarding the value of the SCS, such as the reasons that GPs provide SCS-inconsistent care, the long-term effects of the SCS, and the effects on costs and side effects.

title: Effect of stepped care on health outcomes in @entity1 with XXXX : an observational study in Dutch general practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'Osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: The benefit of the beta(2)-adrenergic agonist, @entity16959 , in left ventricular assist device @entity1 with @entity384 has been reported, but its effect on @entity712 ( @entity712 ) is unknown. We investigated whether @entity16959 improves left ventricular remodeling, @entity296 and has synergy with a beta(1) antagonist, @entity1406 , in a model of @entity63 @entity712 . @entity35 were randomized to: 1) @entity712 only; 2) @entity712 + @entity16959 ; 3) @entity712 + @entity1406 ; 4) @entity712 + @entity16959 + @entity1406 ; and 5) @entity35 with sham surgery. @entity712 was induced by left anterior descending artery (LAD) artery ligation and confirmed by decreased left ventricular fractional shortening, decreased maximum left ventricular dP/dt (dP/dt(max)), and elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) compared with sham @entity35 (p < 0.01). After 9 weeks of oral therapy, echocardiographic, hemodynamic, and ex vivo end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship (EDPVR) measurements were obtained. Immunohistochemistry was performed for @entity296 and DNA damage markers. Levels of @entity460 -handling proteins were assessed by Western blot analysis. @entity16959 -treated @entity712 @entity35 had increased @entity1017 and heart weights versus @entity712 @entity35 (p < 0.05). EDPVR curves revealed a leftward shift in @entity16959 @entity35 versus @entity1406 and @entity712 @entity35 (p < 0.05). The @entity1406 -treated group had a lower LVEDP and higher dP/dt(max) versus the @entity712 group (p < 0.05). @entity16959 and @entity1406 groups had @entity296 and DNA damage markers and increased DNA repair markers versus @entity712 @entity35 (all p < 0.01). Protein levels of the @entity8452 receptor and sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity460 -ATPase were improved in @entity16959 -, @entity1406 -, and @entity16959 + @entity1406 -treated groups versus @entity712 @entity35 . However, as a combination therapy, there were no synergistic effects of @entity16959 + @entity1406 treatment. We conclude that @entity16959 ameliorates EDPVR, apoptosis, and @entity460 homeostasis but does not have synergy with @entity1406 in our model of @entity63 @entity712 .

title: beta(2)-Adrenergic stimulation attenuates left ventricular remodeling, decreases apoptosis, and improves @entity460 homeostasis in a rodent model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'ischemic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial apoptosis', 'decreased myocardial apoptosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity16959 :: ('MESH:D002976', 'Chemical') :: ['Clenbuterol', 'clenbuterol']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Molecular mimicry between pathogen and host has been proposed as a mechanism for the development of @entity792 . Evidence suggests that microorganisms contain proteins which are similar enough to host proteins that they can stimulate existing B and T cells to respond to self proteins. The loss of immune regulation during responses against microbial antigens may explain development of pathogenic B and T cell responses in @entity792 associated with @entity281 . The study of B and T cell responses against the group A streptococcal antigens, @entity3954 , M protein and the autoantigen cardiac myosin has led to a better understanding of how molecular mimicry may play a role in disease. Studies of human monoclonal antibodies, T cell responses and animal models in comparison with the immunopathology in the @entity1 disease has provided information about the steps leading to @entity299 in autoimmune post-streptococcal @entity627 . The new data indicate that the steps in pathogenesis of @entity6331 following group A @entity883 include the following events. First, the development of crossreactive autoantibodies against the group A streptococcal @entity1735 antigen @entity3954 and cardiac myosin. Second, these antibodies react with valvular endothelium which becomes inflamed with expression of @entity4725 ( @entity4725 ). After this event, T cells, @entity404 + and @entity405 +, infiltrate through the endothelium/endocardium into the valve which is an avascular structure. Aschoff bodies or @entity75 may form containing macrophages and T cells underneath the endocardium. The T cells are responsive to streptococcal M protein antigen sequences. The valve becomes scarred with eventual @entity2295 and progressive, @entity102 in the valve. In the host, the mimicking antigens cardiac myosin and laminin have been involved in the myocardium and valve, respectively. As in other @entity792 , both environmental and genetic factors are involved in the development of @entity627 and @entity299 , a result of mimicry between the group A streptococcus and heart.

title: Autoimmunity and molecular mimicry in the pathogenesis of post-streptococcal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic carditis']

entities_list: @entity3954 :: ('CHEBI:28009', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl-glucosamine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1', 'VCAM-1']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and type of @entity1576 after urgent adenotonsillectomy (study group) for comparison with a control group of @entity1 undergoing a sleep study and adenotonsillectomy for @entity27 . A second aim was to assess risk factors predictive of @entity1576 after urgent adenotonsillectomy. METHODS: The perioperative course of @entity1 who underwent adenotonsillectomy between January 1, 1999, and March 31, 2001, was reviewed. Two groups of @entity1 were identified from two different databases: the hospital database for surgical procedures (the study group) and the sleep laboratory database (the control group). The retrospective chart review focused on the preoperative status (including an evaluation for @entity27 ), anesthetic management, and need for postoperative respiratory interventions. RESULTS: A total of 64 consecutive cases for urgent adenotonsillectomy were identified, and 54 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-three @entity1 (60%) had @entity260 necessitating a medical intervention; 11 (20.3%) required a major intervention (reintubation, ventilation, and/or administration of @entity1425 or @entity3045 ), and 22 (40.7%) required a minor intervention ( @entity26 administration). Six @entity1 (11.1%) required reintubation in the recovery room for respiratory compromise. Risk factors for @entity1576 were an associated medical condition (odds ratio, 8.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.81-36.73) and a preoperative saturation nadir less than 80% (odds ratio, 5.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-26.72). Sixteen (49%) of the medical interventions were required within the first postoperative hour. @entity3897 administration, at induction, decreased the risk of @entity260 (odds ratio, 0.18; 95% confidence interval, 0.11-1.050. CONTROL GROUP: Of 75 @entity1 who underwent a sleep study and adenotonsillectomy, 44 had sleep @entity386 and were admitted to hospital after elective adenotonsillectomy. Sixteen (36.4%) @entity1 had @entity260 necessitating a medical intervention. Six percent of the @entity1 (n = 3) required a major medical intervention. No @entity1 required reintubation for respiratory compromise. CONCLUSIONS: @entity27 and an associated medical condition are risk factors for postadenotonsillectomy @entity1576 . Risk reductions strategies should focus on their assessment.

title: Urgent adenotonsillectomy: an analysis of risk factors associated with postoperative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['racemic epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['Ventolin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['Severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome', 'obstructive sleep apnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory morbidity']


abstract: @entity42593 ( @entity42593 ) is caused by haploinsufficiency of @entity26775 on 7p13. Features of @entity42593 include @entity5767 , @entity4651 , and @entity5766 , and may be associated with @entity73 and @entity16282 . @entity26775 mutations in @entity42593 @entity1 include point, frameshift, translocation, and gross deletion mutations. FISH and STRP analyses were applied to 34 @entity1 with characteristics of @entity42593 . Deletions were identified in 11 @entity1 and the extent of their deletion was determined. Nine @entity1 with deletions had @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) or @entity245 ( @entity245 ) and were classified as severe @entity42593 . These severe @entity42593 @entity1 have manifestations that overlap with the @entity16807 ( @entity16807 ). The deletion breakpoints were analyzed in six @entity1 whose deletions ranged in size from 151 kb to 10.6 Mb. Junction fragments were found to be distinct with no common sequences flanking the breakpoints. We conclude that @entity1 with @entity42593 caused by large deletions that include @entity26775 are likely to have @entity73 , and we hypothesize that this severe @entity42593 phenotype is caused by deletion of contiguous genes.

title: Clinical and molecular delineation of the Greig cephalopolysyndactyly contiguous gene deletion syndrome and its distinction from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation', 'MR']

entities_list: @entity16282 :: ('MESH:D058540', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of the corpus callosum']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity42593 :: ('MESH:C537300', 'Disease') :: ['GCPS', 'Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['DD', 'developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity5767 :: ('MESH:D017689', 'Disease') :: ['polydactyly']

entities_list: @entity16807 :: ('MESH:D055673', 'Disease') :: ['ACLS', 'acrocallosal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4651 :: ('MESH:D058627', 'Disease') :: ['macrocephaly']

entities_list: @entity5766 :: ('MESH:D006972', 'Disease') :: ['hypertelorism']

answer: @entity16807 :: (MESH:D055673,Disease) :: ['acrocallosal syndrome']


abstract: @entity3243 accounts for 0.5 to 4.0% of cases of @entity459 . The prognosis depends largely on the extent of successful resection at the time of initial operation. Therefore, early diagnosis before surgery is important. We report 3 cases of @entity459 . The first @entity1 , a 20-year-old uremic female, had refractory @entity2741 after 5 years of hemodialysis treatment. @entity2741 persisted despite repeated parathyroidectomy. Pathology revealed @entity8611 glands with focal adenomatous changes. Multiple pulmonary metastases were found later. The second @entity1 , a 45-year-old female with history of @entity1790 , presented with severe @entity170 . She underwent repeated parathyroidectomy for local recurrence. Pathology disclosed typical features of @entity3243 with adjacent lymph node @entity3 . The third @entity1 , a 34-year-old male, had recurrent episodes of extremity @entity174 and @entity2741 with palpable neck mass. He underwent resection of the @entity3243 . Vascular and capsular invasions were noted microscopically. All three @entity1 were relatively young and had extremely high intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level (15 to 31 times the upper limit of normal). The first @entity1 died of @entity2741 and @entity1576 and the other 2 were treated successfully with surgical excision and, in case 2, combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The latter 2 @entity1 had no recurrence during 18 months and 14 months of follow-up, respectively. Our experience with these cases suggests that the combination of the following characteristics are highly suggestive of @entity3243 : young age, palpable neck mass, @entity8 , and extremely high iPTH level in @entity1 with @entity461 -dependent @entity2741 .

title: Variability of clinical presentations in three cases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['concomitant renal and skeletal disease']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercalcemia', 'hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity8611 :: ('MESH:D010279', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse hyperplasia of the parathyroid']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['Parathyroid carcinoma', 'parathyroid tumor', 'parathyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity3243 :: (MESH:D010282,Disease) :: ['parathyroid carcinoma']


abstract: Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is often given to induce @entity2132 (GVL) effect after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, efficacy of DLI is limited in most @entity1583 . As antigen presenting cells, dendritic cells (DC) bolster immune responses. We conducted a Phase I trial testing the coinfusion of DC followed by DLI. DC were generated by culturing peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HLA matched-related donors in @entity2841 and @entity3646 for 7 days, followed by @entity310 for 3 days. DC were administered intravenously on 3 dose levels (5 * 10(6) ; 1 * 10(7) ; 5 * 10(7) cells). DLI (3 * 10(7) CD3+ cells/kg) was administered intravenously 1 day after the DC. Sixteen @entity1 with @entity1583 relapsed after HSCT were treated. A maximum tolerated dose for DC was not reached. Two of 16 @entity1 met criteria for DLT within 10 weeks of the infusion: 1 idiopathic @entity1576 , 1 ventricular @entity1167 . None developed grade III/IV @entity2132 . One @entity1 developed grade II acute intestinal @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) and 1 chronic @entity2132 within 6 months of the infusion. Both resolved with @entity288 . Four of 14 @entity1 evaluable for disease response achieved durable remissions and are alive and @entity5 free 6.7, 8.4, 8.8, and 10.1 years from infusion. Sequential infusion of donor-derived DC with DLI is feasible in @entity1 with relapsed @entity1583 after allogeneic HSCT. Future studies may consider donor DC preloaded with @entity5 antigens to investigate whether DC infusion could augment the GVL effect.

title: Sequential infusion of donor-derived dendritic cells with donor lymphocyte infusion for relapsed XXXX after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-vs.-host disease', 'a graft-versus-leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic cancers']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematologic cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In childhood and adolescence, some @entity1 with @entity306 ( @entity306 ) have long-term limited mobility, which can lead to secondary @entity170 , Prevention and treatment strategies have been evaluated for the management of low @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and @entity174 . Currently, however, there are no established guidelines for the stratification and individualization of therapeutic interventions. Recently, an increasing number of studies have reported on the use of @entity171 to increase @entity79 in various pediatric conditions, and @entity171 have been suggested as a method to treat @entity170 and prevent @entity174 . PURPOSE: We performed the current meta-analysis to assess the effects of @entity171 on increasing @entity79 in @entity1 who have @entity306 with secondary @entity170 . MATERIALS @entity8808 METHODS: A search of PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase from inception to April 2014 was performed with the following keywords: ( @entity79 , @entity209 OR @entity2331 ) @entity8808 ( @entity1 OR pediatric OR adolescent) @entity8808 ( @entity306 ) @entity8808 ( @entity5520 ). Four studies were ultimately included in the meta-analysis: one randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study and three case-controlled studies. RESULTS: The Z-score of lumbar spine was significantly improved after @entity171 treatment compared with pre-treatment values (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.799; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.499-1.100; p<0.001). The Z-score of femur was also improved significantly compared with that of the baseline value (SMD, 0.748; 95% CI, 0.382-1.114; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity171 have a significant effect on improving @entity79 in @entity1 with @entity306 . Further standardization of treatment protocols including treatment dosage and duration needs to be established, and long-term follow up studies are needed.

title: Effects of XXXX to treat @entity170 in @entity1 with @entity306 : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates', 'Bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fragility fractures']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD', 'bone disease']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity5520 :: ('D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonate']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic OR osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'CP']

answer: @entity171 :: (MESH:D004164,Chemical) :: ['bisphosphonates']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acupuncture is often used for @entity2701 prophylaxis but its effectiveness is still controversial. This review (along with a companion review on 'Acupuncture for @entity2704 prophylaxis') represents an updated version of a Cochrane review originally published in Issue 1, 2001, of The Cochrane Library. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether acupuncture is a) more effective than no prophylactic treatment/routine care only; b) more effective than 'sham' (placebo) acupuncture; and c) as effective as other interventions in reducing @entity10 frequency in @entity1 with episodic or chronic @entity2701 . SEARCH STRATEGY: The Cochrane @entity158 , Palliative _ Supportive Care Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Complementary Medicine Field Trials Register were searched to January 2008. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized trials with a post-randomization observation period of at least 8 weeks that compared the clinical effects of an acupuncture intervention with a control (treatment of acute @entity10 only or routine care), a sham acupuncture intervention or another intervention in @entity1 with episodic or chronic @entity2701 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers checked eligibility; extracted information on @entity1 , interventions, methods and results; and assessed risk of bias and quality of the acupuncture intervention. Outcomes extracted included response (at least 50% reduction of @entity10 frequency; outcome of primary interest), @entity10 days, @entity158 intensity and analgesic use. MAIN RESULTS: Eleven trials with 2317 @entity1 (median 62, range 10 to 1265) met the inclusion criteria. Two large trials compared acupuncture to treatment of acute @entity10 or routine care only. Both found statistically significant and clinically relevant short-term (up to 3 months) benefits of acupuncture over control for response, number of @entity10 days and @entity158 intensity. Long-term effects (beyond 3 months) were not investigated. Six trials compared acupuncture with a sham acupuncture intervention, and five of the six provided data for meta-analyses. Small but statistically significant benefits of acupuncture over sham were found for response as well as for several other outcomes. Three of the four trials comparing acupuncture with physiotherapy, massage or relaxation had important methodological or reporting shortcomings. Their findings are difficult to interpret, but collectively suggest slightly better results for some outcomes in the control groups. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: In the previous version of this review, evidence in support of acupuncture for @entity2701 was considered insufficient. Now, with six additional trials, the authors conclude that acupuncture could be a valuable non-pharmacological tool in @entity1 with frequent episodic or chronic @entity2701 .

title: Acupuncture for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['tension-type headaches', 'tension-type headache']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

answer: @entity2701 :: (MESH:D018781,Disease) :: ['tension-type headache']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the mid- and long-term effectiveness of the 3rd-generation ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) @entity572 ( @entity572 ) in the younger @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 68 younger @entity1 (73 hips) who accepted the 3rd-generation CoC @entity572 between March 2001 and May 2009. Of 68 cases, 39 was male and 29 was female with the average age of 38.6 years (range, 18-50 years); there were 15 cases (15 hips) of @entity2530 of the femoral head, 9 cases (9 hips) @entity3946 , 5 cases (8 hips) of @entity1691 , 10 cases (10 hips) of @entity570 , 12 cases (12 hips) of traumatic @entity625 , 12 cases (12 hips) of @entity2249 , 4 cases (6 hips) of @entity309 , and 1 case (1 hip) of @entity5 of the femoral neck. The Harris score and University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) score were used to evaluate the hip joint function and activity level respectively. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess postoperative thigh @entity158 . Radiological signs of @entity3061 , loosening, and @entity5383 ceramic related complications were evaluated continuously. And the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess the prosthesis survival. RESULTS: The average duration of follow-up was 9.7 years (range, 6-14 years). Sandwich ceramic liners @entity174 was observed in 3 cases (3 hips), and revision was performed; 1 case had "squeaking" hip because of physical activity. At last follow-up, Harris score and UCLA score were significantly improved when compared with preoperative scores (P<0.05). Bony healing was obtained in all @entity1 , without @entity3061 , @entity158 . The VAS score was 0. The 5-year and 10-year cumulative survival rates for ceramic @entity174 revision were 98.6% and 95.9%, and the 5-year and 10-year cumulative survival rates for @entity3061 and loosening revision both were 100%. CONCLUSION: The 3rd-generation CoC prosthesis offer an excellent option for younger @entity1 in @entity572 and the mid- and long-term effectiveness are satisfactory.

title: [MID- AND LONG-TERM EFFECTIVENESS OF THIRD-GENERATION CERAMIC-ON-CERAMIC TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY IN YOUNGER XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['hip arthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis of the hip joint']

entities_list: @entity3946 :: ('MESH:D006618', 'Disease') :: ['congenital dysplasia of the hip']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['THA', 'total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'loosening, and thigh pain']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid hip arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prior studies have suggested that low baseline quality-of-life (QOL) scores predict worse survival in @entity1 undergoing @entity2 surgery. However, these studies involved average-risk @entity1 undergoing lobectomy. We report QOL results from a multicenter trial, American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z4032, which randomized high-risk operable @entity1 to sublobar resection (SR), or SR with brachytherapy, and included longitudinal QOL assessments. METHODS: Global QOL, using the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF36), and the @entity1353 score from the University of California, San Diego @entity1353 ( @entity1353 ) scale, was measured at baseline, 3, 12, and 24 months. SF36 physical component summary (PCS) and @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) scores were standardized and adjusted for age and gender normals, with scores <50 indicating below-average health status. @entity1353 scores were transformed to a 0-100 (poor-excellent) scale. Aims were to: (1) determine the impact of baseline scores on recurrence-free survival, overall survival, and 30-day adverse events (AEs); and (2) identify subgroups (surgical approach, resection type. @entity5 location, @entity5 size, respiratory function) with a >= 10-point decline or improvement in QOL after SR. RESULTS: Two hundred twelve eligible @entity1 were included. There were no significant differences in baseline QOL scores between arms. Median baseline PCS, @entity1032 , and @entity1353 scores were 42.7, 51.1, and 70.8, respectively. There were no differences in grade-3+ AEs, overall survival, or recurrence-free survival in @entity1 with baseline scores  <=median versus >median values, except for a significantly worse overall survival for @entity1 with baseline @entity1353 scores  <=median value. There were no significant differences between the study arms in percentage change of QOL scores from baseline to 3, 12, or 24 months. Further comparison combining the 2 arms demonstrated a higher percentage of @entity1 with a >= 10-point decline in @entity1353 scores with segmentectomy compared with wedge resection (40.5% vs 21.9%, P  =  .03) at 12 months, with thoracotomy versus video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) (38.8% vs 20.4%, P  =  .03) at 12 months, and T1b versus T1a @entity5 (46.9% vs 23.5%, P  =  .020) at 24 months. A >= 10-point improvement in PCS score was seen at 3 months with VATS versus thoracotomy (16.5% vs 3.6%, P  =  .02). CONCLUSIONS: In high-risk operable @entity1 , poor baseline QOL scores were not predictive for worse overall or recurrence-free survival, or for higher risk for AEs following SR. VATS was associated with improvement in physical function at 3 months, and improved @entity1353 scores at 12 months, lending support for the preferential use of VATS when SR is undertaken.

title: Analysis of longitudinal quality-of-life data in high-risk operable XXXX with @entity2 : Results from the ACOSOG Z4032 (Alliance) multicenter randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental component summary', 'MCS']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['Shortness of Breath Questionnaire', 'dyspnea', 'SOBQ']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A retrospective study of 44 @entity1 with @entity6926 treated over a 14-year period was undertaken to determine the frequency and pattern of non-unions of long bones in these @entity1 . Nine non-unions were encountered in eight @entity1 . Four of these non-unions developed at sites of osteotomies performed at the time of intramedullary rodding. These @entity1 have remained asymptomatic, however, without appreciable limitations in spite of the non-union. Five @entity3202 or gap non-unions that occurred in the humerus were following inadequately treated @entity174 . These @entity1 were disabled on account of the non-unions. In three @entity1 all attempts at obtaining union failed. The other two @entity1 were braced. We conclude that non-union in @entity6926 is not a very rare phenomenon. We also recommend that all @entity174 in @entity1 with @entity6926 must be treated with appropriate immobilization to prevent a gap non-union developing, since gap non-unions are exceedingly difficult to treat.

title: Non-union in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6926 :: ('MESH:D010013', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenesis imperfecta']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity6926 :: (MESH:D010013,Disease) :: ['osteogenesis imperfecta']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the dermatology field, variable-pulse 595 nm pulsed dye lasers (PDLs) are now being widely used to treat vascular @entity272 . However, there is little information available on variable-pulse 595 nm PDL treatment of dark-skinned @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcome of variable-pulse 595 nm PDL treatment on Korean @entity1 . METHOD: Two hundred thirty-nine @entity1 (Fitzpatrick skin phototypes III to V) with vascular @entity272 , such as @entity3809 , @entity8721 , or @entity2695 , were included in this study. All @entity1 were treated with a variable-pulse 595 nm PDL, and the outcomes were assessed by comparing preoperative and postoperative photographs. RESULTS: The average number of treatments per @entity1 was 4.29, and 51.9% of @entity1 showed a good (51-75% clearance) to excellent (76-100% clearance) response. For @entity3809 , 48.0% of the @entity1 achieved good to excellent results. The gender and age of the @entity1 did not influence the clinical response; however, lesions of the head and neck were found to respond more favorably to treatment. For @entity8721 , 78.0% of @entity1 showed good to excellent results, and, again, the gender and age of the @entity1 did not alter the treatment outcome. For @entity2695 , the male to female ratio of @entity1 was 1.0:3.1 and 54.1% of the @entity1 achieved a good to excellent response. Superficial @entity2695 showed a better clinical response than @entity2695 , and the lesions of younger @entity1 responded more favorably than those of older @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The variable-pulse 595 nm PDL was found to be effective for treating several vascular @entity272 in dark-skinned @entity1 . However, there were differences in treatment outcome owing to disease, age, and the location of the lesions.

title: Treatment of vascular XXXX with the variable-pulse 595 nm pulsed dye laser.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'deep hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity3809 :: ('MESH:D019339', 'Disease') :: ['nevus flammeus']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin lesions']


abstract: @entity463 is an @entity146 , which is notorious for its poor prognosis. Although @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) has been showed to be an effective chemotherapeutic agent for @entity463 treatment, the response rate is far from satisfactory. As a natural compound with anti- @entity5 activity against a variety of @entity5 , @entity17392 is a good candidate drug for combination therapy. This study is designed to determine whether @entity17392 could potentiate the anti- @entity5 activity of @entity2904 in @entity463 . Cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined by @entity98 assay and Hoechst staining, respectively. Expression of proteins relevant to apoptosis and proliferation was detected by Western blotting. Our in vitro assays showed that @entity17392 enhanced the anti- @entity5 activity of @entity2904 in @entity463 by both inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis. The anti- @entity5 activity of @entity17392 and the enhanced @entity2904 anti- @entity5 activity by @entity17392 induced the activation of AMPK signaling pathway. Our results showed that @entity17392 , by activating AMPK, exhibited anti- @entity5 activity and potentiated the anti- @entity5 activity of @entity2904 in @entity463 . Although further preclinical and clinical studies are needed, this study provides insight for using @entity17392 as a chemosensitizing agent in clinic settings.

title: @entity17392 Enhances the Anti-Tumor Effects of XXXX in @entity463 by Activating AMPK.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity17392 :: ('MESH:C055957', 'Chemical') :: ['Hispidulin']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['Temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma', 'Glioblastoma']

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['Temozolomide']


abstract: @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) can be induced in @entity19 following immunization with an anti-DNA mAb expressing a major Id, 16/6Id. Treatment with a peptide, designated @entity1 @entity7958 ( @entity7958 ; Edratide), that is based on the sequence of @entity7958 of the 16/6Id ameliorated disease manifestations. In the present study, we investigated the roles of apoptosis and related molecules in BALB/c @entity19 with induced experimental @entity1252 following treatment with @entity7958 . A higher state of activation and increased rate of apoptosis were found in lymphocytes of @entity1252 -afflicted @entity19 as compared with healthy controls. The latter effects were associated with up-regulated @entity4699 and @entity185 , and down-regulated @entity26667 . The ameliorative effects of @entity7958 were associated with down-regulation of @entity4699 and @entity185 , up-regulation of @entity26667 , and a reduced rate of apoptosis. Treatment of diseased @entity19 with an apoptosis-reducing compound that inhibited caspases down-regulated the secretion of the pathogenic cytokine @entity60 and lowered the intensity of glomerular immune complex deposits and the levels of @entity644 . Furthermore, coincubation of @entity26667 inhibitors with @entity7958 -treated cells abrogated the ability of @entity7958 to reduce the activation state of lymphocytes and to down-regulate the secretion of @entity1618 and @entity60 . Moreover, the @entity26667 -expressing CD4(+)CD25(+) cells from @entity7958 -treated @entity19 induced the expression of @entity26667 in @entity22139 -labeled CD4(+)CD25(-) cells of the @entity1252 -afflicted @entity19 . Thus, the reduction of apoptosis and the up-regulation of @entity26667 , which plays an apparent role in tolerance induction, contribute to at least part of the beneficial effects of @entity7958 on lupus manifestations.

title: The role of apoptosis in the ameliorating effects of a CDR1-based peptide on lupus manifestations in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'Experimental systemic lupus erythematosus']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: We present a preliminary report of a bioassay designed to compare and contrast selected pulmonary responses of female B6C3F1 @entity19 , Fischer 344 @entity35 , and @entity329 to inhaled pigmentary @entity6701 ( @entity3759 ). Animals were administered 10, 50, or 250 mg/m(3) @entity3759 for 6 h/day and 5 days/wk, for 13 wk. Recovery groups were held for an additional 4-, 13-, or 26-wk period. Following exposure and at each recovery time, @entity3759 burdens in the lung and lung-associated lymph nodes were determined. A separate group of animals was used at each time point to assess the inflammatory response of the lung by assaying total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and cytologic examination of cells recovered in BALF. Burdens (mg/mg dry weight) of @entity3759 in the lung following exposure to 10, 50, or 250 mg/m(3) @entity3759 were 5.2, 53.5, and 170.2 for the @entity19 ; 7.1, 45.1, and 120.4 for the @entity35 ; and 2.6, 14.9, and 120.3 for the hamster. With time after exposure, lung burdens of @entity3759 particles were decreased and lymph-node burdens increased. Changes in the hamsters' burdens were more rapid than those in @entity19 and @entity35 . Increases in BALF cell numbers (macrophages and neutrophils) and in total protein were observed in all 3 species following exposure to 50 and 250 mg/m(3) @entity3759 , with the magnitude of response being the grea test in the @entity35 . These responses remained elevated relative to control levels at 26 wk postexposure. Histopathologic examination of lungs showed a concentration-dependent retention pattern of particles that varied by species. @entity1184 and @entity1373 of alveolar epithelium along with alveolar metaplastic and fibrotic changes were observed in @entity35 exposed to 250 mg/m(3) @entity3759 . Alveolar epithelial proliferative changes were associated with @entity32 in @entity19 and hamsters, but the metaplastic and fibrotic changes noted in @entity35 were not present in similarly exposed @entity19 or hamsters. These data suggest that @entity35 exposed subchronically to extremely high concentrations of pigmentary @entity3759 differ from @entity19 and hamsters in their cellular responses in the lung as well as in the way they clear and sequester particles. These differences may partly explain the differential outcome of pulmonary responses in various rodent species following chronic inhalation exposure to poorly soluble particles.

title: Comparison of Selected Pulmonary Responses of @entity35 , @entity19 , and XXXX to Inhaled Pigmentary @entity6701 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian golden hamsters']

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium dioxide']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Syrian Golden Hamsters']


abstract: @entity8450 ( @entity8450 ) for the treatment of ricin @entity137 has not been previously reported. Here we describe the use of @entity8450 to treat @entity1 who experienced ricin @entity137 after ingesting @entity9377 . Seven @entity1 (median age: 8.1 years) who consumed @entity9377 (median: 5 beans) were treated with @entity8450 . All had @entity1168 and @entity13610 , and most had experienced episodes of @entity391 and/or @entity294 . @entity8450 settings were blood flow, 50-80 mL/min; @entity8450 rate, 600-800 mL/h; volume of exchange, 1440-1950 mL. Median time from ingestion to @entity8450 was 73 h. All clinical symptoms disappeared and vital signs rapidly returned to normal after @entity8450 ; no severe @entity881 occurred. All @entity1 were discharged and recovered uneventfully. Concentrations of all serum biochemical parameters significantly decreased immediately after @entity8450 . Some, but not all, of these parameters were also significantly decreased at 48 and 72 h after @entity8450 compared with before @entity8450 . Our findings suggest that @entity8450 can be an effective early intervention in the treatment of ricin @entity137 due to @entity9377 ingestion. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2014.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Early plasma exchange for treating ricin @entity137 in XXXX after @entity9377 ingestion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity9377 :: ('3988', 'Species') :: ['castor bean', 'castor beans']

entities_list: @entity13610 :: ('MESH:D001146', 'Disease') :: ['sinus arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity8450 :: ('MESH:D054219', 'Disease') :: ['Plasma exchange', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define the diagnostic usefulness and the risks of the transtracheal aspirate in a group of @entity1 studied at the National Institute of Nutrition in Mexico City. DESIGN: It is a retrospective and descriptive analysis of a group of @entity1 in whom a transtracheal aspiration (TTA) was performed due to suspicion of @entity358 . The study period was from 1983 to 1987. @entity1 : On the study period 137 @entity1 were submitted to a TTA; the clinical files of 126 of the cases were considered suitable for analysis. RESULTS: The procedure was performed because of a suspected @entity2028 in 80% of the cases, and to study an interstitial infiltrate or pulmonary nodules in 14% and 6%, respectively. In the cases in which a @entity2028 was suspected, the TTA had a sensitivity of 77% and a specificity of 95% when compared against a group of clinical, radiologic and microbiological data. Sensitivity increased to 84% when the @entity1 who received antibiotics prior to the procedure were excluded. The specificity of the sputum's culture was sensibly less in this same group of @entity1 . The TTA proved to be of value in five of nine @entity1907 , two of three pulmonary mycoses and three of seven @entity33697 @entity55 . Adverse events were noted in 6.3% of the cases; none of them was fatal, and specific corrective measures were necessary in only two @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results agree with previous reports related to the usefulness of the TTA on @entity1 with a suspected @entity2028 . Our specificity is higher than that seen by other authors: we believe this is due to the low incidence of chronic @entity1576 in the @entity1 who attend our hospital. Transtracheal aspirate can be a valuable alternative in the diagnosis of @entity2348 when the elective procedures cannot be performed. A modification on the technique is proposed to increase its usefulness in @entity1 with @entity401 .

title: [Usefulness and risks of transtracheal aspiration in the diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonias']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['non-bacterial pulmonary infections']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whatever may be their clinical presentation, @entity1333 ( @entity1333 ) have a bad prognosis in the very elderly. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to study @entity1333 particularities in very old @entity1 . Most published studies on @entity1333 in elderly @entity1 concern @entity1 older than 60 years; studies concerning very old @entity1 are unusual. METHODS: We studied retrospectively subjects older than 75 years with a diagnosis of @entity1333 from the Departments of Geriatrics and Internal Medicine at Dijon University Hospital. These subjects were hospitalized between January 1995 and December 1999. Data were obtained from the medical files of these @entity1 . Several aspects were considered: type of @entity1333 , associated diseases, treatment, complications, and outcome. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 , 5 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 aged 79-91 (mean age 82.3) years, were included. Primary @entity1333 was observed in half of the @entity1 and secondary @entity1333 in the others. The initial clinical presentation was often polymorphous and unspecific; 8 of the @entity1 died, 2 developed @entity73 , 1 was stabilized under therapy, and 1 @entity1 with @entity1333 secondary to infection recovered. Most @entity1 either died quickly or progressively deteriorated from infections, @entity3147 , or functional impairment. CONCLUSION: The health of the majority of @entity1 (83%) deteriorated dramatically, leading to @entity204 or severe functional impairment.

title: XXXX in the very elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['VS', 'vasculitis syndromes']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['progressive severe functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity1333 :: (MESH:D014657,Disease) :: ['Vasculitis']