abstract: @entity198 is a devastating @entity16 characterised by @entity410 , @entity198 , and progressive @entity194 . The objective of the current study was to systematically characterise patterns of structural lesions in @entity1 with @entity198 , referred for modified anatomical hemispherectomy at the Tsinghua University Epilepsy Center in Beijing. Seven consecutive @entity1 were investigated with a mean age at operation of 4.5 years, who suffered from medically intractable @entity410 for a mean of 1.6 years. Foci of abnormally increased T2 signal intensity were observed in all @entity1 . With the exception of one @entity1 , all @entity1 presented with progressive @entity194 . FDG-PET imaging revealed extensive regions of hypometabolism within the affected cerebral hemisphere in 3 of 4 @entity1 . Diagnosis of @entity198 was confirmed histologically, demonstrating @entity469 positive microglial nodules, as well as CD3 and @entity405 positive T  lymphocytes invading the cerebral parenchyma. An intriguing observation was the heterogenous distribution of patterns of lesions throughout the affected hemisphere, suggesting multifocal manifestation and distinct sequences of disease progression, from discrete foci of inflammatory infiltrates (stage 1) to extensive cortical destruction (stage 4). Atypical @entity131 ( @entity131 ), with neuronal cell loss affecting most prominently the CA4 region ( @entity131 type 3 or end folium @entity1463 ), was evident in 5 of 7 cases. Four hippocampi also showed @entity32 . In addition, we observed associated @entity10067 ( @entity10067 ; ILAE type IIId) in 4 of 7 @entity1 , supporting the concept of acquired and postmigratory @entity10067 pathomechanisms. Postsurgical @entity410 freedom was achieved in all @entity1 with a mean follow-up period of 2.7 years and continuous antiepileptic medication.

title: Clinico-pathological investigations of @entity198 suggest multifocal disease progression and associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['brain inflammation', 'Rasmussen encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['hemispheric atrophy', 'unilateral cerebral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity10067 :: ('MESH:C537067', 'Disease') :: ['FCD', 'focal cortical dysplasia']

answer: @entity10067 :: (MESH:C537067,Disease) :: ['focal cortical dysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1271 is a common problem for breastfeeding @entity1 . Researchers have called for an investigation into the possible role of maternal nasal carriage of @entity794 in the causation of @entity1271 in breastfeeding @entity1 . METHODS: The aim of the study was to investigate the role of maternal @entity794 nasal carriage in @entity1271 . Other factors such as @entity1 nasal @entity794 carriage, @entity16 , maternal fatigue and oversupply of milk were also investigated. A case-control design was used. @entity1 with @entity1271 (cases, n = 100) were recruited from two maternity hospitals in Melbourne, Australia (emergency departments, breastfeeding clinics and postnatal wards). Breastfeeding @entity1 without @entity1271 (controls, n = 99) were recruited from maternal and @entity1 health (community) centres and the rooms of a private obstetrician. @entity1 completed a questionnaire and nasal specimens were collected from mother and baby and placed in charcoal transport medium. @entity1 also collected a small sample of milk in a sterile jar. RESULTS: There was no difference between nasal carriage of @entity794 in breastfeeding @entity1 with @entity1271 (42/98, 43%) and control @entity1 (45/98, 46%). However, significantly more @entity1 of mothers with @entity1271 were nasal carriers of @entity794 (72/88, 82%) than controls (52/93, 56%). The association was strong (adjusted OR 3.23, 95%CI 1.30, 8.27) after adjustment for the following confounding factors: income, private health insurance, difficulty with breastfeeding, @entity16 and tight bra. There was also a strong association between @entity16 and @entity1271 (adjusted OR 9.34, 95%CI 2.99, 29.20). CONCLUSION: We found no association between maternal nasal carriage of @entity794 and @entity1271 , but nasal carriage in the @entity1 was associated with @entity0 . As in other studies of @entity1271 , we found a strong association between @entity16 and @entity1271 . Prevention of @entity16 is likely to reduce the incidence of @entity1271 . Mothers need good advice about optimal attachment of the baby to the breast and access to skilled help in the early postpartum days and weeks.

title: A case-control study of @entity1271 : nasal carriage of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infant', 'Women', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast infections']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nipple damage']

entities_list: @entity1271 :: ('MESH:D008413', 'Disease') :: ['Mastitis', 'infectious mastitis', 'mastitis']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: AIM: The aim of our study was to assess the value of several prognostic factors for @entity1 with @entity1358 without distant metastases (M0) who underwent surgery in our Department from 1980 to 2010. MATERIAL OF STUDY: We analyzed131 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1358 who had nephrectomy and extended lymph node dissection from 1980 to 2010 were reviewed. Free from @entity5 survivals were correlated to several prognostic factors including preoperative blood cell count, @entity5 cellular differentiation and stage of the disease. RESULTS: In our study we confirmed the importance of the stage of the @entity5 , in particular of the T, as prognostic factor. Survival was strictly correlated to the stage of the disease: 10 year @entity5 free survival was 100% in @entity1 with T1, 83% in @entity1 with T2 N0 and 34% for @entity1 with T3N0. No improvement of results was noted in the last years, due to unchanged proportion of early diagnosis. DISCUSSION: Long term survival after surgery for @entity1358 depends mainly on the histology type of the @entity5 and on the stage of the disease. @entity703 does not respond to radio and standard chemotherapy and surgery represents the only effective cure. CONCLUSION: Surgery at earlier stages is essential to improve results in @entity1 with @entity703 . Earlier diagnosis at the present time is the best possibility to improve results, with the need for extensive use of screening ultrasound test. KEY WORDS: Lymph node dissection in @entity703 , @entity703 , Results of surgery for @entity703 .

title: Good results of surgery for XXXX depend on early diagnosis. The need for an extensive screening program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell renal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['Renal carcinoma', 'renal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nasal bone @entity174 is the most common @entity66 among @entity174 . General treatment of this @entity130 is closed reduction, followed by intranasal packing. Vaseline or @entity12863 roll gauze, and Merocel are commonly used packing materials, but the @entity158 produced while removing the packing is fearful for the @entity1 . To compensate for this shortcoming, there has been an increased use of biodegradable synthetic @entity2636 foam (SPF) recently. We performed a retrospective review to analyze the effectiveness of SPF after the closed reduction of @entity174 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted in 109 @entity1 who underwent closed reduction for pure @entity174 . One group was packed with @entity12863 roll gauze and the other was packed with SPF. @entity282 , hemostatic effect, supporting ability on the fractured segment, and healing of the injured nasal mucosa were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: A total of 109 @entity1 were reviewed, with 61 @entity1 packed with @entity12863 roll gauze (group A) and 48 @entity1 packed with SPF (group B). Between the 2 groups, only visual analogue scale of @entity158 at postoperative fourth day was statistically low in group B (P = 0.045) with other parameters showing no statistical difference. DISCUSSION: Nasal packing after closed reduction of nasal @entity174 support the reduced fractured bony segment and also has the main role on hemostasis and healing of @entity3137 . Removal of the packing is painful and fearful to the @entity1 . SPF as nasal packing material provides superior outcome in terms of @entity158 and satisfaction and, at the same time, is not inferior to the conventional packing materials with regard to bleeding control, mucosal wound healing, @entity137 , and stability of reduced @entity174 segment.

title: Efficacy of biodegradable synthetic @entity2636 foam for packing nasal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic disease']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['nasal bone fracture', 'bone fractures', 'fracture', 'facial bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal injury']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['bone fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT: @entity341 ( @entity341 ) are highly resource-intensive facilities that are well established as part of @entity130 systems in many high-income countries. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of a physician-staffed @entity341 intervention in combination with treatment at a major @entity130 centre versus ground ambulance or indirect transport (via a referral hospital) in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. METHODS: Cost and effectiveness estimates were derived from a cohort of @entity130 @entity1 arriving at St George Hospital in NSW, Australia during an 11-year period. Adjusted estimates of in-hospital mortality were derived using logistic regression and adjusted hospital costs were estimated through a general linear model incorporating a gamma distribution and log link. These estimates along with other assumptions were incorporated into a Markov model with an annual cycle length to estimate a cost per life saved and a cost per life-year saved at one year and over a @entity1 's lifetime respectively in three @entity1 groups (all @entity1 ; @entity1 with @entity130 [Injury Severity Score>12]; @entity1 with @entity131 [ @entity131 ]). RESULTS: Results showed @entity341 to be more costly but more effective at reducing in-hospital mortality leading to a cost per life saved of  1,566,379,  533,781 and  519,787 in all @entity1 , @entity1 with @entity130 and @entity1 with @entity131 respectively. When modelled over a @entity1 's lifetime, the improved mortality associated with @entity341 led to a cost per life year saved of  96,524,  50,035 and  49,159 in the three @entity1 groups respectively. Sensitivity analyses revealed a higher probability of @entity341 being cost-effective in @entity1 with @entity130 and @entity131 . CONCLUSION: Our investigation confirms a @entity341 intervention is associated with improved mortality in @entity130 @entity1 , especially in @entity1 with @entity130 and @entity131 . The improved benefit of @entity341 in @entity1 with @entity130 and @entity131 leads to improved estimated cost-effectiveness.

title: The cost-effectiveness of physician staffed XXXX ( @entity341 ) transport to a major @entity130 centre in NSW, Australia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['HEMS', 'Helicopter Emergency Medical Services']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'serious injury']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['Helicopter Emergency Medical Service']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the ability and safety of a hydrophilic acrylic @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) as a drug-delivery system for commercially available @entity7046 and @entity3477 . SETTING: David J. Apple, @entity601 , Laboratories for Ophthalmic Research, John A. Moran Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. METHODS: Thirty @entity95 were divided into 2 similar groups. In Group A (15 @entity95 , 30 eyes), hydrophilic acrylic IOLs (C-flex, Rayner Intraocular Lenses, Ltd.) presoaked for 24 hours in commercially available solutions of @entity7046 3 mg/mL or @entity3477 5 mg/mL were implanted after evacuation of the crystalline lens. Group B (15 @entity95 , 30 eyes) had topical preoperative and postoperative @entity231 prophylaxis with @entity7046 3 mg/mL or @entity3477 5 mg/mL; IOLs that were not presoaked were also implanted after evacuation of the crystalline lenses. In both groups, @entity7462 samples were taken 4, 8, or 12 hours after @entity2790 implantation (5 eyes at each time point) to determine the antibiotic concentrations. Clinical examinations were performed 24 hours postoperatively. RESULTS: The antibiotic concentrations in Group A (presoaked IOLs) were statistically significantly higher than those in Group B (topical) for both antibiotics in all postoperative samples except @entity3477 at 12 hours. In both groups, there was no statistically significant difference between the concentrations of the 2 antibiotics. No eye showed signs of clinical @entity137 . CONCLUSION: Results show the C-flex @entity2790 is a safe and effective drug-delivery system for fourth-generation fluoroquinolones.

title: Hydrophilic acrylic XXXX as a drug-delivery system for fourth-generation fluoroquinolones.

entities_list: @entity7046 :: ('MESH:C078049', 'Chemical') :: ['gatifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity3477 :: ('MESH:C104727', 'Chemical') :: ['moxifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['IOL', 'intraocular lens']

answer: @entity2790 :: (MESH:D009798,Disease) :: ['intraocular lens']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The endpoint of successful treatment of slow pathway ablation is elimination of AV nodal reentrant @entity591 (AVNRT). However, the mechanism of elimination is not well understood and is controversial if complete elimination or persistent dual AV nodal physiology is associated with a higher success, recurrence and/or complications rate. OBJECTIVES: The purpose was to examine the results after slow pathway ablation in AVNRT and changes in AV nodal conduction in @entity1 with and without loss of dual AV nodal physiology. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study included 106 @entity1 (age 47 +/- 17 years). In 64% with elimination of inducible AVNRT still had dual AV nodal physiology (group I) and absent in 36%, group II). Both, anterograde fast pathway and slow pathway effective refractory period (ERP) showed a tendency to decrease but without statistical significance: 340 +/- 39 ms to 329 +/- 45 ms, 290 +/- 16 to 279 +/- 43 ms respectively, p = NS. In group II, anterograde fast pathway ERP decreased significantly 328 +/- 83 ms to 282 +/- 75 ms, p < 0.001. Anterograde Wenckebach cycle length increased in both groups: 360 +/- 65 to 375 +/- 61 ms, p < 0.05 group I, and 351 +/- 20 to 381 +/- 14 ms, p < 0.001 group II. CONCLUSIONS: Ablation procedures of the AV node slow pathways that eliminate AVNRT modify the AV node electrophysiologic conduction properties. These modifications are more important in @entity1 with complete elimination of dual AV nodal physiology; nonetheless, in a high rate of @entity1 the elimination is incomplete but without reinduction of clinical @entity591 . It has been suggested that elimination of the AVNRT despite the persistence of dual AV nodal physiology is due to the presence of more than one AV node slow pathway with different electrophysiological properties.

title: [Ablation or modification of slow pathway in AV nodal reentrant XXXX and electrophysiological changes].

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachycardia']


abstract: It is known that, besides its direct cytotoxic effect as an alkylating chemotherapeutic agent, @entity786 also has immuno-modulatory effects, such as depletion of @entity1961 +CD25+ regulatory T cells. However, its optimal concentration has not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, we first compared the effects of different doses of @entity786 on T cell subsets including @entity1961 +CD25+ T cells in @entity19 . @entity786 (20 mg/kg) decreased the numbers of splenocytes, @entity1961 + and CD8+ T cells by approximately 50%, while a decline in @entity1961 +CD25+ T cell number was more profound, leading to the remarkably lower ratios of @entity1961 +CD25+ T cells to @entity1961 + T cells. In contrast, 200 mg/kg @entity786 severely decreased the numbers of all the T cell subsets by > 90% although the decreased ratios of @entity1961 +CD25+ T cells to @entity1961 + T cells were still observed. Next, low-dose @entity786 significantly inhibited in vivo growth of @entity19 @entity157 MH129 @entity5 in immuno-competent but not immuno-deficient mice. This anti- @entity5 effect was abolished by @entity1961 +CD25+ T cell repletion. In contrast, high-dose @entity786 exhibited similar anti- @entity5 effects in both @entity19 . In addition, contrary to antibody-mediated @entity1961 +CD25+ T cell depletion, administration of low-dose @entity786 after @entity5 inoculation was more efficacious than the prior administration. Our data show that low-dose @entity786 selectively depletes @entity1961 +CD25+ T cells, leading to enhanced anti- @entity5 effects against pre-existing @entity5 , while the anti- @entity5 effect of high-dose @entity786 is solely attributed to its direct @entity137 . These findings appear to be highly crucial in a clinical setting of combined chemotherapy and immunotherapy for @entity5 treatment.

title: Different mechanisms for anti- XXXX effects of low- and high-dose @entity786 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: The use of @entity4181 (LV) to modulate @entity1487 (FU)-mediated inhibition of thymidylate synthase has been shown both in vitro and in vivo to improve the antitumor activity of this drug. Based on our previous demonstration that this combination was active in heavily pretreated @entity1 with prior FU exposure, we performed a phase II study of FU and high-dose intravenous @entity460 LV in @entity1 with @entity0 who had been exposed to no more than one prior chemotherapy regimen. @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty-one female @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 were entered onto this trial. @entity1 with @entity3 limited to soft tissue, lymph nodes, skin, and pulmonary nodules were allowed no prior chemotherapy for advanced disease. Those with @entity3 in the liver or a lymphangitic pattern on chest x-ray were allowed either a single prior regimen for advanced disease or no therapy for @entity3 if less than 1 year had elapsed since the completion of adjuvant chemotherapy. FU was given daily for 5 days at 400 mg/m2/d with @entity460 LV, 500 mg/m2/d, beginning 24 hours before and continuing 12 hours after the first and last FU doses, respectively. RESULTS: The overall objective response rate among 45 eligible @entity1 was 36% (95% confidence interval, 22% to 51%). Fourteen of 31 @entity1 in the soft tissue category responded (45%), and two of 14 in the visceral category experienced an objective response (14%). The median response duration was 5 months. @entity137 were moderate @entity1431 and @entity33 . CONCLUSIONS: FU plus LV is an active first-line regimen with antitumor efficacy comparable to that of the @entity8253 , which warrants further exploration in combination with other agents active in @entity0 . FU plus LV in this schedule is also an excellent alternative for @entity1 with medical contraindications to more intensive combination chemotherapy regimens.

title: Effective initial therapy of XXXX with @entity1487 and high-dose, continuous infusion @entity460 leucovorin.

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['advanced breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility, safety, success rate of diagnosis and possible risk factors of splenectomy for fever of unknown origin (FUO) with @entity381 . METHODS: The clinical data of 54 @entity1 of FUO with @entity381 who underwent splenectomy in Peking Union Medical College Hospital in the past 20 years were reviewed retrospectively. The diagnosis was not clear even after an extensive clinical evaluation before surgery. The pathologic findings, morbidity, mortality and possible risk factors were analyzed. RESULTS: Pathological diagnosis was made in 39 of the 54 @entity1 (72.2%), including 29 cases of @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), 4 cases of @entity378 , 3 cases of @entity978 , 1 case of @entity12692 , and 2 cases of @entity9058 . Among the 15 cases for whom pathological examination failed to make an confirmed diagnosis were diagnosed as with @entity1893 in 4 cases, @entity4932 in 4 cases, @entity6118 in 2 cases, and @entity1071 in 2 cases during the follow-up. Operation complications occurred in 25.9% of the @entity1 and 16.7% (9/54) of the @entity1 died within one month after surgery. The mortality of the @entity1 with @entity4 was 46.2%, significantly higher than that of the @entity1 without @entity4 (7.5%). The mortality of the @entity1 with a spleen heavier than 1500 g was 50.0%, significantly higher than that of the @entity1 with a spleen lighter than 1500 g (11.8%). @entity532 and @entity381 were relatively independent @entity204 influencing factors (RR = 31.7 and 13.4 respectively, and P = 0.004 and 0.021 respectively). There was no significant differences in the mortality rates of the @entity1 with or without @entity1087 , @entity3043 , elevated SGPT, elevated LDH or duration of the disease (all P > 0.1). CONCLUSION: Splenectomy is an effective way for the diagnosis of FUO with @entity381 . @entity1 with @entity4 or a spleen heavier than 1500 g have higher mortality rates.

title: [Clinical significant of splenectomy for fever of unknown origin with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity9058 :: ('MESH:D051359', 'Disease') :: ['hemophagocytic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['dropsy of serous cavity']

entities_list: @entity12692 :: ('MESH:D005871', 'Disease') :: ["Castleman's disease"]

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Complication of dropsy of serous cavity']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ["Still's diseases"]

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity6118 :: ('MESH:D006971', 'Disease') :: ['hypersplenism']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['spleen tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity381 :: (MESH:D013163,Disease) :: ['splenomegaly']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Data regarding the role of alternative access routes in neuro-endovascular interventions is limited. Our aim is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of alternative access in endovascular management of @entity66 . METHODS: 29 @entity1 who underwent endovascular interventions using alternative access techniques including transradial, transcervical with carotid cutdown and access through the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) to manage various intracranial pathologies were retrospectively identified. RESULTS: The mean @entity1 age was 68 years. Mean follow-up was 6.6 months. The transradial approach was successfully used in the management of 3 @entity439 using the pipeline embolization device (PED), coiling and stent-assisted coiling, 2 @entity2758 ( @entity2758 ) using Onyx embolization and 2 acute @entity64 interventions. This resulted in complete obliteration of 3 lesions and near complete occlusion (>90%) of 2 lesions and successful recanalization in the 2 @entity1 with @entity64 . There were no access related complications. Transcervical access was successfully used to treat 6 @entity439 using the PED or coiling embolization without any complications. SOV cutdown followed by endovascular embolization was performed successfully in 16 @entity1 harboring carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) using Onyx embolization alone in 12 cases and Onyx with coiling in 4 @entity1 . Complete obliteration was achieved in 14CCFs and near complete obliteration in 2CCFs. Complications occurred in 1 @entity1 who had transient elevated intra-ocular pressure postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: When transfemoral access fails, alternative access routes using transradial, transcervical with carotid cutdown and access through the SOV can be safe and effective for managing @entity75 .

title: Alternative access for endovascular treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations', 'AVMs']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['various cerebrovascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['cerebrovascular diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A complete remission (CR) in @entity1988 ( @entity1988 ) is associated with a favorable long-term outcome. Initial therapy may be up to 6 months, but many @entity1 do not achieve a CR until after 12 months. We assess the value of a >= 50% reduction in @entity644 (UPro) at 6 months in predicting the outcome in @entity1988 @entity1 . METHODS: We evaluated the 86 adult @entity1 in the prospective, controlled trial of plasmapheresis (PP) in @entity1988 (NEJM 1992). @entity1 with a CR (n = 12), @entity454 ( @entity454 ) or @entity204 (n = 13) at  <=6 months were excluded. The remaining 61 @entity1 were categorized into two groups based on having attained a >= 50% reduction in UPro at 6 months: (yes) 34 @entity1 and (no) 27 @entity1 . The long-term outcomes were compared. A CR was defined by a serum @entity1011 (SCr) of  <=1.4 mg/dL and UPro of  <=0.33 g/day. RESULTS: Baseline features were similar, but the UPro was higher (7.1    3.6 versus 4.6    3.2, P 0.002) in the group with a >= 50% reduction in UPro at 6 months. At follow-up, a CR was attained in 56% of @entity1 with a >= 50% reduction in UPro at 6 months compared with 22% (P = 0.009) in the group without. The 15-year renal survival (71 versus 25%, P = 0.005) and @entity1 survival without @entity454 (66 versus 18%, P = 0.004) was greatest in the @entity1 with a >= 50% reduction in UPro at 6 months. CONCLUSION: A >= 50% reduction in UPro at 6 months predicts a favorable outcome in @entity1988 .

title: Severe @entity1988 : the predictive value of a >=  50% reduction in XXXX at 6 months.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['severe lupus nephritis', 'SLN']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['proteinuria']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: @entity850 ( @entity850 ) results from @entity10900 healing after laryngeal and/or @entity130 . @entity1 with @entity850 often present late after significant reduction of the airway lumen and onset of symptoms. Motivated by the need for earlier detection of affected @entity1 , we sought to investigate genetic markers for @entity850 that would identify susceptible @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Pilot Case-Control Study. METHODS: Seventy-six @entity1 were recruited, 40 @entity1 with @entity850 and 36 control @entity1 with airway injury but without @entity850 . DNA was isolated from whole blood and @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from @entity1 . Custom primers were designed and the TaqMan assay employing allele-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to interrogate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): @entity19827 , @entity42532 , and @entity20519 located in candidate genes @entity5750 , @entity3334 ( @entity3334 ), and @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ), respectively. A logistic regression model was used to examine the association of candidate gene polymorphisms with the presence or absence of @entity850 . RESULTS: All 76 @entity1 were successfully genotyped at the three loci of interest by optimizing the genotyping protocol. @entity3334 SNP @entity42532 was most significantly associated with development of @entity850 (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Identification of SNPs associated with development of @entity850 will provide new experimental targets to study wound healing in @entity1 subjects. The association found in the current study between @entity850 and SNP @entity42532 is being validated in a larger population examining an expanded set of relevant SNPs. Identifying @entity1 with genetic susceptibility to @entity850 and poor wound healing in the upper airway will be useful for management of @entity1 after @entity130 .

title: Translational genomics of acquired XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity3334 :: ('4312', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-1', 'matrix metalloproteinase-1']

entities_list: @entity10900 :: ('MESH:D009056', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal mucosal wound']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-b1', 'TGF-b1']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['ALTS', 'Acquired laryngotracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal injury', 'upper-airway injury']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['laryngotracheal stenosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Conventional treatments for @entity6313 include oral and topical antifungal agents. Although Nd:YAG laser has been reported to be effective, controlled studies combined or compared with conventional treatments are needed. To evaluate the efficacy of 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser for @entity6313 and compare outcomes with those of topical antifungal treatment and combination therapy. @entity1 were randomly divided into three groups: Laser (L); laser with topical antifungal therapy (L + T); and topical antifungal treatment (T). Laser treatment consisted of three or four sessions at 4 week intervals. Outcomes were assessed clinically and mycologically. In 217 nails of 56 @entity1 , 76% in the L group and 71.8% in the L + T group experienced clinical responses, and 15.2% and 22.5%, respectively, were cured at 24 weeks. The clinical and cure rates of both groups were significantly greater than those of the T group. Six @entity1 of the L group developed new infections, as did one @entity1 in the L + T group and two @entity1 in the T group. 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser shows clinically good responses in @entity6313 . Addition of topical antifungal agent did not appear to improve efficacy, but may have protected against new @entity281 .

title: A randomised comparative study of 1064 nm Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser and topical antifungal treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6313 :: ('MESH:D014009', 'Disease') :: ['onychomycosis']

answer: @entity6313 :: (MESH:D014009,Disease) :: ['onychomycosis']


abstract: Administration of @entity14685 (10 mg kg(-1)day(-1), p.o.) with drinking water starting 5 days before a single injection of @entity632 (15 mg kg(-1)i.p.) and continuing during the experimental period ameliorated the @entity632 -induced @entity1370 in @entity35 . This protection was evidenced from the significant reduction in serum enzymes: @entity880 dehydrogenase elevated level, 24 h and @entity908 phosphokinase elevated levels, 24 h and 48 h after @entity632 administration. The @entity1370 of @entity632 has been suggested to result from the generation of @entity224 free-radical. The protective action of @entity14685 was examined against @entity224 anion radical either generated photochemically, biochemically or derived from @entity460 ionophore ( @entity3365 ) stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The results indicate that @entity14685 is a potent @entity224 radical scavenger, scavenging power being as effective as @entity224 dismutase against @entity224 . In addition @entity14685 has an inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation induced by @entity596 / @entity9050 using @entity35 heart homogenate. The @entity224 scavenging and anti-lipid peroxidation may explain, in part, the protective effect of @entity14685 against @entity632 -induced @entity1370 . 2000 Academic Press@p hr

title: Protective effect of @entity14685 against @entity632 -induced @entity1370 in XXXX : a possible mechanism of protection.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity14685 :: ('MESH:C003466', 'Chemical') :: ['thymoquinone']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to investigate the situation of serotype distribution and @entity3405 antibiotics resistance of @entity328 ( @entity2260 ) isolated from Chinese @entity1 , and to further understand the significance of vaccine for preventing @entity281 caused by the bactria and controlling the resistance to antibiotics. METHODS: Nasopharageal swab specimens were collected from randomly selected less than 5-year-old out- @entity1 with upper @entity1729 in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, 2000 - 2002. Capsular typing was performed by the Quellung reaction tested using a simplified chessboard system for typing of @entity2260 . The coverage rate of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F and 23F) was calculated. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by E-test MIC method for @entity3405 antibiotics ( @entity114 , @entity115 / @entity798 , @entity5504 , @entity2261 and @entity2756 ). RESULTS: Totally 625 pneumococcal strains were typed. Serogroup 19, including 121 strains, was the most frequent serogroup observed (19.4%). Other frequently observed serotypes/serogroups in decreasing order of frequency were serotype/serogroups 23 (15.4%), 6 (13.3%), 14 (6.6%) and 15 (4.3%). Of all these isolates, about 57.6% (360/625) were in the 7-valent conjugate vaccine. Only 1, 6 and 12 strains were serotypes/serogroups 4, 9 and 18, respectively. The coverage rate for the 7-valent vaccine of @entity114 nonsusceptible @entity2260 (PNSP) was higher than @entity114 susceptible @entity2260 (PSSP) (73.2% and 46.1%). Serogroups 19 and 23, without other serotypes/serogroups, were significantly associated with PNSP (serogroup 19 accounted for 29.1% of PNSP and 12.2% of PSSP; serogroup 23 accounted for 23.8% of PNSP to 9.2% of PSSP). Overall, 140 strains (22.4%) could not be typed by using the chessboard system, and 117 strains (18.7%) were identified as other 28 kinds of serotype/serogroup. The strains showed different resistance change for @entity3405 antibiotics according to different serotype/serogroup during the three years. CONCLUSIONS: Serotype/Serogroup 19, 23, 6, 14 and 15 were the common types among the pneumococcal strains isolated from Chinese @entity1 . Serogroups 19 and 23 were significantly associated with PNSP. The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine could cover most of the islotes.

title: [Serotype distribution and resistance to beta-lactams of XXXX isolated from @entity1 in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, 2000 - 2002].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity5504 :: ('MESH:D002433', 'Chemical') :: ['cefaclor']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: Between 1979 and 1990 we have seen 8 @entity1 (7 females) with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) who developed a neuro-muscular involvement while on @entity2361 (D.P.). Five of them had a drug-induced @entity1737 . D.P. withdrawal led to a complete recovery in 1.5 to 5 months. Another @entity1 presented with a @entity121 which led to the diagnosis of Grave's disease. She was treated with D.P. for 4 months. D.P. was reintroduced and 5 months later a @entity8491 developed. @entity704 was discovered 1 year later. In the last 2 @entity1 D.P. induced @entity6558 which, in one, was associated with features of @entity1252 . In the other @entity1 , the evolution was fatal in spite of D.P. withdrawal, high dose @entity230 and plasma exchanges. A literature survey has shown 150 D.P. induced @entity1737 and 38 D.P. induced @entity6558 cases.

title: [Neuromuscular complications of @entity2361 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['A thymoma']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia']

entities_list: @entity2361 :: ('MESH:D010396', 'Chemical') :: ['D-penicillamine']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity8491 :: ('MESH:D020294', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['polymyositis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: We sought to investigate quality of life, and to specifically assess how @entity1159 affects it, in @entity1 with @entity130 . The study is involved 22 adults with @entity130 . @entity1 were divided into two groups according to the presence (n = 11) or absence (n = 11) of any @entity1159 . @entity1 age, sex, date of @entity130 , burn type, location, and extent of burn (TBSA) were recorded for each case. Each individual underwent a thorough musculoskeletal system examination, with special focus on range of motion of the joints. Quality of life was evaluated using the Short Form 36 (SF-36). Eight (36.4%) of the @entity1 were @entity1 , and 14 (63.6%) were @entity1 , and their mean age (+/- SE) was 24.7 +/- 4.68 years. The mean interval from injury to the study assessment was 21.45 +/- 14.69 months. Eleven @entity1 (50%) had at least one @entity1159 . The @entity1 with one or more contractures had significantly lower scores for the SF-36 subscales of physical functioning, physical role limitations, @entity158 , and vitality (P = .05, P = .01, P = .04, and P = .02, respectively). In the 22 @entity1 overall, TBSA was negatively correlated with the scores for the SF-36 subscales vitality and emotional role limitations (r = -.586 and r = -.805, respectively). @entity1159 does impact burn @entity1 ' quality of life, especially with respect to physical functioning, physical role limitations, @entity158 , and vitality. In addition, the amount of BSA burned is correlated with @entity2673 and poorer quality of life, regardless of whether @entity1159 develop.

title: Quality of life after XXXX : the impact of @entity1159 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2673 :: ('MESH:C535569', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial problems']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bodily pain']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['joint contractures', 'joint contracture', 'Joint contracture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injuries', 'burn injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['burn injury']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Single-site studies have described an association between use of selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and adverse outcomes of surgery. Multicenter studies including a broad range of surgical procedures that explore rare outcomes, such as @entity548 and mortality, and that account for indications for administration of SSRIs are needed. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether perioperative use of SSRIs is associated with adverse outcomes of surgery in a national sample of @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective study of @entity1 18 years or older who underwent major surgery from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2008, at 375 US hospitals. We used multivariable hierarchical models to estimate associations between SSRI use and our outcomes. Pharmacy data were used to determine whether a @entity1 received an SSRI in the perioperative period. SETTING: Three hundred seventy-five US hospitals. @entity1 : Five hundred thirty thousand four hundred sixteen @entity1 18 years or older. EXPOSURE: Perioperative use of SSRIs. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: In-hospital mortality, length of stay, readmission at 30 days, @entity548 events, transfusions, and incidence of @entity943 . RESULTS: @entity1 receiving SSRIs were more likely to have @entity28 , @entity358 , or @entity1375 (P < .001 for each) and more likely to have @entity308 (41.0% vs 6.2%, P < .001). After adjustment, @entity1 receiving SSRIs had higher odds of in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.07-1.36]), @entity548 (1.09 [1.04-1.15]), and readmission at 30 days (1.22 [1.18-1.26]). Similar results were observed in propensity-matched analyses, although the risk of inpatient mortality was attenuated among @entity1 with @entity308 . Sensitivity analyses suggest that, to invalidate our results, an unmeasured covariate would have to have higher prevalence and be more strongly associated with mortality than any covariate included in our models. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Receiving SSRIs in the perioperative period is associated with a higher risk for adverse events. Determining whether @entity1 factors or SSRIs themselves are responsible for elevated risks requires prospective study.

title: Perioperative use of selective XXXX reuptake inhibitors and risks for adverse outcomes of surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: @entity19868 acidifies its ambient environment by producing @entity11439 . This production of @entity11439 during @entity281 has been implicated as a primary determinant of pathogenicity in this and other phytopathogenic fungi. We found that ambient pH conditions affect multiple processes in @entity19868 . Exposure to increasing alkaline ambient pH increased the @entity11439 accumulation independent of @entity505 source, sclerotial development was favored by acidic ambient pH conditions but inhibited by neutral ambient pH, and transcripts encoding the endopolygalacturonase gene pg1 accumulated maximally under acidic culture conditions. We cloned a putative transcription factor-encoding gene, pac1, that may participate in a molecular signaling pathway for regulating gene expression in response to ambient pH. The three @entity219 finger domains of the predicted Pac1 protein are similar in sequence and organization to the @entity219 finger domains of the A. nidulans pH-responsive transcription factor PacC. The promoter of pac1 contains eight PacC consensus binding sites, suggesting that this gene, like its homologs, is autoregulated. Consistent with this suggestion, the accumulation of pac1 transcripts paralleled increases in ambient pH. Pac1 was determined to be a functional homolog of PacC by complementation of an A. nidulans pacC-null strain with pac1. Our results suggest that ambient pH is a regulatory cue for processes linked to pathogenicity, development, and virulence and that these processes may be under the molecular regulation of a conserved pH-dependent signaling pathway analogous to that in the nonpathogenic fungus A. nidulans.

title: pH signaling in XXXX : identification of a pacC/RIM1 homolog.

entities_list: @entity19868 :: ('5180', 'Species') :: ['Sclerotinia sclerotiorum', 'S. sclerotiorum']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['plant infection']

entities_list: @entity11439 :: ('MESH:D019815', 'Chemical') :: ['oxalic acid']

answer: @entity19868 :: (5180,Species) :: ['Sclerotinia sclerotiorum']


abstract: 1. @entity4445 from M. phlei was purified about 170-fold with an 11% yield. The purification procedure consisted of: fractionation with @entity4859 ; adsorption of contaminating proteins on @entity78 gel; chromatography on Sephadex G-150 and @entity8851 -cellulose. The specific activity of the final preparation was 32.6 i.u./mg protein. 2. Molecular weight of the enzyme as determined by Sephadex G-100 filtration amounted to 126 000. Optimum pH was 8.8-9.2. The enzyme did not hydrolyse @entity9640 over the pH range 4-9, and was inhibited by @entity12162 . The apparent Michaelis constant for @entity2734 was 0.7 mM; energy of activation, 9800 cal/mole. 3. On @entity2975 -gel electrophoresis the final preparation revealed two protein bands, one of which was coincident with the enzyme activity.

title: Purification and properties of XXXX from Mycobacterium phlei.

entities_list: @entity4859 :: ('CHEBI:62946', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity12162 :: ('CHEBI:28159', 'Chemical') :: ['D-asparagine']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity9640 :: ('CHEBI:18050', 'Chemical') :: ['L-glutamine']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['L-asparagine']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity4445 :: (80150,Gene) :: ['L-asparaginase']


abstract: Cytogenetic assays are an integral component of the battery of short-term assays that are used for the hazard identification component of a @entity5 risk assessment. The protocol for the conduct of such assays for maximal sensitivity for detecting clastogenicity has to be attendant to the mechanism of induction of the endpoint being assessed and the fact that several aberration types are cell lethal necessitates that analysis be for cells at their first posttreatment metaphase. Cytogenetic assays for @entity1 populating monitoring have been used for predicting potential for carcinogenicity in @entity1 . However, the assays as typically conducted are not appropriate for chronic exposures because nontransmissible alterations are assessed. The use of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques for the assessment of transmissible changes such as reciprocal translocations are required to make population monitoring studies interpretable, and for removing some of the concern over the influence of confounders on outcome. The database for the cytogenetic effects of @entity11540 in vitro and in vivo, with an emphasis on @entity1 population monitoring, has been critically reviewed. Based on the endpoints studied, the size of the study groups, the information on exposure, the nature of any exposure response data, and the possible influence of confounders (i.e., control matching), it is concluded that acute, high exposures to @entity11540 with sampling shortly (a few days) after exposure can be detected by increases in chromosome aberrations or SCE in peripheral lymphocytes. Such increases are indicators of exposure to a genotoxic chemical and not predictors of subsequent adverse health effects to individuals. The effect of chronic and/or low level (less than about 25 ppm) exposures cannot be reliably evaluated using current methods. The use of FISH, for example, for assessing reciprocal translocation frequencies (as a measure of transmissible events) will greatly improve the ability to detect chronic exposures to clastogenic chemicals.

title: Cytogenetic effects of XXXX , with an emphasis on population monitoring.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity11540 :: ('MESH:D005027', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene oxide']

answer: @entity11540 :: (MESH:D005027,Chemical) :: ['ethylene oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This report shows the effect of period of diagnosis and treatment in the @entity0 survival in a public hospital between 1999 and 2008. The main aim of this article is the knowledge of the different demographic, clinical and pathological variables among the @entity1 collected in our database in order to establish if there have been variations in the evolution of the survival rate in the this decade. METHODS: 2132 @entity1 were included in the Hospital Cancer Registry between 1999 and 2008. These @entity1 were followed-up by the National Death Index Agency and the last date of medical consultation, up to 31st march 2011. Observed survival was estimated by the actuarial method, and the relative survival was calculated by the Ederer II method. Survival was presented by fixed time point, as such 1, 3 and 5 year, after diagnosis. Confidence Interval 95% was included. RESULTS: The average age at diagnosis was 59,9    14,2 years old. At the time of diagnosis, 12,3% presented in situ @entity189 ; 51,8% @entity189 ; 30% positive lymph nodes and 5% disseminated @entity189 . 72,8% of the cases were @entity189 . Surgery resection was applied in the 90,8% of the cases, chemotherapy was administered in 23,4% and radiotherapy in the 56,7%. The overall relative survival was 88% in 5 years; 99, 9% for "in situ" @entity189 , 94,3% for @entity189 , 83,7% for regional @entity189 and 25,7% for disseminated @entity189 . In the third year of follow-up, @entity1 diagnosed in 2008 presented a relative survival of 94,8% versus 89,5% of those diagnosed in 1999. However, during the follow-up the estimation fluctuated without any significant tendency as a whole or by stages. CONCLUSIONS: Evolution of relative survival per year of diagnosis didn't show any significant increase, even when it was compared across the cohorts of two five-years periods or when it was studied by cohorts of @entity5 stage at diagnosis. In a 10 year period, relative survival hasn't changed in the population treated in this hospital.

title: [Analysis of the XXXX survival in a public hospital during the period 1999-2008].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'ductal carcinomas and 11,8% lobular carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'localized carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We described a definition of end-stage @entity626 (esKOA) and evaluated its association with health outcomes and @entity571 risk factors. We included @entity571 Initiative @entity1 with or at risk for @entity626 who had complete baseline data. We defined esKOA by adapting a validated appropriateness algorithm for total knee replacement based on data from baseline and the first four follow-up visits. We performed @entity1 -based analyses, including both knees from all @entity1 . @entity1 met the definition of esKOA at the visit at which >= 1 knee reached the esKOA criteria. We assessed differences in individual characteristics between groups at baseline and over time and tested if incident esKOA (outcome) was associated with @entity571 risk factors (e.g., age, maximum adult weight, and quadriceps strength). The cohort consisted of 3916 @entity1 with mean age of 61 (SD   =   9)   years and mean body mass index of 28.4 (4.7)   kg/m(2); 59  % were female and 9.7  % developed incident esKOA. Those with incident esKOA had poorer health outcomes at baseline and greater declines in health outcomes, with the exception of SF-12 mental health score. Five out of nine tested risk factors were associated with incident esKOA in unadjusted analyses, with older age (>= 65  years; odds ratio   =   1.44, 95  % confidence interval   =   1.19 to 1.83) and @entity425 (odds ratio   =   0.78, 95  % confidence interval   =   0.71 to 0.86) remaining significant in adjusted models. Older age and @entity425 predicted esKOA. esKOA is also characterized by poor health-related outcomes. This definition of esKOA could be a new clinically relevant outcome measure for @entity571 research.

title: Defining and evaluating a novel outcome measure representing end-stage XXXX : data from the @entity571 Initiative.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'person']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['quadriceps weakness']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ovarian @entity3 from cervical @entity5 are uncommon. In most cases, the primary site of cervix is known before the occurrence of @entity3 . We report a case of @entity420 presenting primarily as advanced @entity43 with the primary site totally silent. CASE REPORT: A 47-year old multiparous @entity1 presented to her local hospital with vague @entity490 for 2 months. Initial investigations with abdominal ultrasound and computerized tomography scan suggested right @entity42 . Her @entity10224 was 12 micro/ml (0-35). Right salpingo-oophorectomy was performed with the histologic diagnosis of @entity48 . Follow-up after 5 months showed a higher level of serum CA 125 (1,594 micro/ml) and a negative cervical smear. Exploratory laparotomy was done with the intent to progress to total abdominal hysterectomy, left salpingo-oophorectomy and omentectomy with @entity5 . Surprisingly, the histologic features of the specimen obtained at laparotomy were consistent with a moderately differentiated @entity420 with @entity3 to corpus uterus, ovaries, @entity5274 , omentum and @entity1143 . The final stage was @entity5 . Following this, the @entity1 was referred to medical oncologist for chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: @entity2622 should be suspected in any @entity1 presented with bilateral @entity43 and positive ascitic fluid cytology. Negative cervical smears do not exclude the possibility of primary @entity2622 .

title: Unusual presentation of cervical XXXX as advanced @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural cavity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage IV cervical cancer', 'cancers', 'staging']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma', 'Cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity48 :: ('MESH:D003884', 'Disease') :: ['dermoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian dermoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['left fallopian tube']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['cervical adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate initial chromatid breaks in prematurely condensed G2 chromosomes following exposure to heavy ions of different LET. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Exponentially growing @entity1 fibroblast cells AG1522 were irradiated with gamma-rays, energetic @entity505 (13 keV/ microm, 80 keV/microm), @entity6619 (55 keV/microm) and @entity68 (140 keV/microm, 185keV/microm, 440keV/microm) ions. Chromosomes were prematurely condensed using calyculin-A. Initial chromatid-type and isochromatid breaks in G2 cells were scored. RESULTS: The dose response curves for total chromatid breaks were linear regardless of radiation type. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) showed a LET-dependent increase, peaking around 2.7 at 55-80keV/microm and decreasing at higher LET. The dose response curves for isochromatid-type breaks were linear for high-LET radiations, but linear-quadratic for gamma-rays and 13 keV/microm @entity505 ions. The RBE for the induction of isochromatid breaks obtained from linear components increased rapidly between 13keV/microm (about 7) and 80keV/microm @entity505 (about 71), and decreased gradually until 440 keV/microm @entity68 ions (about 66). CONCLUSIONS: High-LET radiations are more effective at inducing isochromatid breaks, while low-LET radiations are more effective at inducing chromatid-type breaks. The densely ionizing track structures of heavy ions and the proximity of sister chromatids in G2 cells result in an increase in isochromatid breaks.

title: Dose--response of initial G2-chromatid breaks induced in normal XXXX fibroblasts by heavy ions.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Cholera toxin treatment (up to 1 microgram/ml, 16 h) of @entity521 x @entity11 hybrid @entity19 cells produced a decrease of some 35% in both delta opioid receptor-mediated stimulation of high-affinity GTPase activity and inhibition of @entity1928 -amplified adenylate cyclase. Coincident with these decreases was a down-regulation of some 35% in the delta opioid receptor population. A similar pattern of a decrease in signalling capacity was noted for the alpha 2B-adrenergic receptor in these cells after cholera toxin treatment. Half-maximal effects of cholera toxin on all of the parameters assayed were noted at concentrations between 2 and 5 ng/ml. Neither levels of Gi2, as assessed by immunoblotting with specific antisera, nor the intrinsic activity of the alpha subunit of the @entity2774 - @entity377 -binding protein which acts as the inhibitory G-protein of the adenylate cyclase in these cells, as assessed by @entity12831 ( @entity12831 )-mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase, was lowered by cholera toxin treatment. Furthermore, levels of another pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein (Go) expressed by these cells was also not lowered by cholera toxin treatment. However, as previously noted in other cells [Milligan, Unson _ Wakelam (1989) Biochem. J. 262, 643-649], marked down-regulation of the alpha subunit of the stimulatory G-protein (Gs) of the adenylate cyclase cascade was observed in response to cholera toxin treatment. Previous studies [Klee, Milligan, Simonds _ Tocque (1985) Mol. Aspects Cell Regul. 4, 117-129] have shown that cholera toxin treatment can result in a decrease in the maximal effectiveness of agonists which function to inhibit adenylate cyclase. These data have been used as evidence to suggest a functional interaction between Gs and 'Gi'. The results provided herein demonstrate that such effects of the toxin can be explained adequately by a decrease in the number of receptors that function to produce inhibition of adenylate cyclase.

title: Cholera toxin impairment of opioid-mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase in @entity521 x XXXX hybrid cells is due to a toxin-induced decrease in opioid receptor levels.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity12831 :: ('MESH:D006165', 'Chemical') :: ['Gpp[NH]p', "guanosine 5'-[beta gamma-imido]triphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is a major public health concern in Malaysia, and the prevalence of @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) has escalated to 20.8% in adults above the age of 30, affecting 2.8 million individuals. The burden of managing @entity6 falls on primary and tertiary health care providers operating in various settings. OBJECTIVES: This review focuses on the current status of @entity6 in Malaysia, including epidemiology, complications, lifestyle, and pharmacologic treatments, as well as the use of technologies in its management and the adoption of the World Health Organization chronic care model in primary care clinics. METHODS: A narrative review based on local available health care data, publications, and observations from clinic experience. FINDINGS: The prevalence of @entity6 varies among the major ethnic groups in Malaysia, with Asian Indians having the highest prevalence of @entity2175 , followed by Malays and Chinese. The increase prevalence of overweight and @entity28 has accompanied the rise in @entity2175 . Multidisciplinary care is available in tertiary and primary care settings with integration of pharmacotherapy, diet, and lifestyle changes. Poor dietary adherence, high consumption of @entity3363 , and sedentary lifestyle are prevalent in @entity1 with @entity2175 . The latest medication options are available with increasing use of intensive insulin regimens, insulin pumps, and continuous @entity413 monitoring systems for managing glycemic control. A stepwise approach is proposed to expand the chronic care model into an Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions framework to facilitate implementation and realize better outcomes in primary care settings. CONCLUSIONS: A comprehensive strategy and approach has been established by the Malaysian government to improve prevention, treatment, and control of @entity6 as an urgent response to this growing chronic disease.

title: XXXX Care in Malaysia: Problems, New Models, and Solutions.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between the causes and length of posterior @entity1949 and treatment strategies of adult @entity1 with three types of @entity3681 . METHODS: The investigators recruited 233 cases of type C injury, 35 cases of @entity130 and 91 cases of @entity130 . @entity130 referred to simple ankle joint @entity174 with the involvement of posterior @entity1949 . @entity130 tibial shaft @entity174 with ipsilateral ankle joint @entity174 . And @entity174 line was the continuity of tibial shaft @entity174 line. @entity130 appeared similar to @entity130 , but tibial and @entity174 lines were not continued. The ratio between the length of posterior malleolar articular and the total length of articular surface was calculated in theses three types of injuries in sagittal CT scan slice. Different treatment regimens were used to manage the @entity174 . And visual analogue score (VAS) was introduced to assess the therapeutic outcomes. RESULTS: The ratio between the length of posterior malleolar articular and the total length of articular surface decreased from Type A to Type C (  (2) = 187.453, P = 0.0000). The ratio was (34    15)% for Type A, (30    9)% for Type B and (12    10)% for Type C. A follow-up study was performed in @entity130 (n = 58), @entity130 (n = 31) and @entity130 (n = 167) at 12 months. According to VAS score, there was no significant difference between the @entity1 undergoing fixation and not (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Different causes of @entity174 results in different sizes of posterior @entity1949 and strategies of treatment. The anatomic reduction of posterior @entity1949 remains a key aspect of achieving satisfactory outcomes in all kinds of injury.

title: [Relationship between the cause and length of posterior @entity1949 and treatment strategies for XXXX in adult @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['malleolar fragment']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['posterior malleolar fracture', 'malleolar fracture', 'posterior malleolar fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle joint injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['type A injury', 'Type A injury', 'Type C injury', 'type B injury', 'Type B injury']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['posterior malleolar fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This randomized phase II trial was designed to compare the rate of pathologic complete response (pCR) induced by neoadjuvant @entity786 plus @entity632 (AC) followed by @entity19878 or @entity1311 in @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ). Expression of @entity12357 -tubulin as a predictive marker was also evaluated. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with untreated, histologically confirmed primary invasive @entity0 received four cycles of AC followed by 1:1 randomization to either @entity19878 40 mg/m2 (3-hour infusion) every 3 weeks for four cycles (n = 148) or weekly @entity1311 80 mg/m2 (1-hour infusion) for 12 weeks (n = 147). All @entity1 underwent a core needle biopsy of the primary @entity5 for molecular marker analysis prior to chemotherapy. @entity12357 -Tubulin expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the rate of pCR in the @entity19878 treatment arm (24.3%; 90% confidence interval [CI], 18.6-30.8) and the @entity1311 treatment arm (25.2%; 90% CI, 19.4-31.7). @entity12357 -Tubulin-positive @entity1 obtained higher pCR rates compared with @entity12357 -tubulin-negative @entity1 in both treatment arms; however, @entity12357 -tubulin expression was not significantly associated with a differential response to @entity19878 or @entity1311 . The safety profiles of both regimens were generally similar, although @entity1398 occurred more frequently in the @entity19878 arm (grade 3/4: 41.3% vs. 8.4%). The most common nonhematologic @entity137 was @entity1897 . CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant treatment of early stage @entity0 with AC followed by @entity19878 every 3 weeks or weekly @entity1311 was well tolerated with no significant difference in efficacy. Higher response rates were observed among @entity12357 -tubulin-positive @entity1 .

title: Neoadjuvant @entity632 / @entity786 followed by @entity19878 or @entity1311 in @entity0 and evaluation of XXXX -tubulin expression as a predictive marker.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['early stage breast cancer', 'BC', 'breast adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity19878 :: ('MESH:C430592', 'Chemical') :: ['ixabepilone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity12357 :: (774,Gene) :: ['bIII']


abstract: @entity35 models of @entity57 are used widely in diagnostic studies and in exploring antifungal therapeutic modalities, but there is lack of data concerning antifungal immunity in @entity35 . In this study, cytokine response to @entity358 to @entity54 in non-immunosuppressed @entity35 is explored. Temporal display (from the start of infection up to its eradication) of proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-y and @entity7940 ) as well as Th2/anti-inflammatory ones ( @entity12718 and @entity13358 ) was explored by measuring their presence in the environment in which elimination of infection occur (lung homogenates), by production of these mediators by lung cells (recovered by enzyme digestion or by bronchoalveolar lavage) as well as by cells of draining lymph nodes (as sites of generation of cytokine-producing cells). @entity281 (1   10   conidia) was associated with an increase of IFN-y and @entity7940 content in lung homogenates, but with unchanged @entity12718 and @entity13358 content. Lung cells produced proinflammatory cytokines with differential dynamics (IFN-y earlier than @entity7940 ). Differential pattern of Th2/anti-inflammatory cytokine production by lung cells was observed (unchanged @entity12718 and increased @entity13358 ), with the levels of the latter higher than proinflammatory cytokines. Upregulation of IFN-y, @entity7940 and @entity13358 production and gene expression, but downregulation of @entity12718 , by draining lymph node cells (dLN cells) accounted essentially for the observed ex vivo cytokine response in lungs. Similar pattern of cytokine production by dLN cells following restimulation with A. fumigatus conidia confirmed the specificity of cytokine response to the fungus. Draining lymph node CD4    cells seems to be the main source of proinflammatory cytokines, significant contributors to @entity13358 production and the target for down regulation of @entity12718 . The knowledge of immune-based mechanisms of defense against A. fumigatus in @entity35 might be helpful in the future use of @entity35 models of @entity57 particularly those that develop immune-based therapeutic interventions as an adjunct treatment of @entity364 .

title: Regional cytokine responses to @entity57 in immunocompetent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity57 :: ('MESH:D055732', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Reduction of infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal diseases']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ) clusters in families and specific ethnic groups, suggesting a genetic basis of disease transmission. Identification of @entity2316 susceptibility loci should reveal new therapeutic targets but requires accurate phenotyping. A powerful family-based strategy, which is novel to the pursuit of @entity8 genes in type 2 @entity6 , is being used to collect a sample for candidate gene and genome scan analyses. Sib pairs that include @entity2316 index cases plus (1) sibs concordant for type 2 @entity6 and @entity2316 (affected sib pairs [ASPs]) and (2) sibs concordant for type 2 @entity6 but discordant for @entity2316 (discordant sib pairs [DSPs]) are targeted specifically for recruitment. @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity2316 phenotype criteria for index cases include @entity6 onset after 38 years of age, duration 10 years or longer, no initial insulin treatment, @entity6 , @entity454 ( @entity454 ), and history of @entity1985 . @entity454 @entity1 were screened by questionnaire and medical record review (n = 2114). Of 666 @entity1 with @entity454 secondary to @entity2316 , 227 had a family history of @entity454 , 150 had a living @entity6 sib, and 124 families were enrolled. Sixty-five families, with 86 @entity6 (69 sibs, 17 @entity1 ), have been completely phenotyped. If @entity8 in @entity6 sibs is defined as @entity633 greater than 0.3 g/24 h, 31 ASPs and 26 DSPs ( @entity6 sib with @entity633 <0.3 g/24 h) were identified. Applying more stringent criteria, only 12 ASPs (sib with @entity6 >10 years, @entity6 , and @entity1985 ) and 9 DSPs (sib with @entity6 >10 years and normal urine albumin excretion) were identified. Extrapolating from the number of subjects recruited using stringent phenotyping criteria, nearly 10,000 @entity454 @entity1 are required for screening to achieve adequate statistical power for linkage analysis (80% power to detect locus-specific relative risk of 2.2 at a lod score of 3.0). Careful phenotyping requires a large recruitment effort but is necessary to reduce population heterogeneity, a strategy that increases the likelihood of identifying @entity2316 loci.

title: A family-based strategy to identify genes for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic relative pairs', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['DN', 'Diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: In the past 3 years, the 2009 pandemic influenza virus H1N1 (pH1N1) has led to many severe or fatal cases. The virus-related factors that cause severe or @entity66 are not clear. The clinical and molecular characteristics of pH1N1 infections with severe or @entity66 were examined to understand the correlation between pH1N1 infection and disease severity. Since 2009, three pH1N1 @entity683 outbreaks have occurred in Shenzhen, China. One hundred forty-six severe cases were confirmed in the first wave in 2009. In severe cases, a high proportion (49.3%) of patents displayed high fever (>39.0  C), and 73.2% of @entity1 had @entity55 and tracheobronchitis. Seven fatal cases were recorded: three with @entity11410 and four with @entity1576 . The results of sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that the viruses from fatal or severe cases were scattered throughout the phylogenetic tree. Four substitutions ( @entity13964 , @entity13965 , @entity13966 , and @entity13159 ) were observed on the 220-loop of the receptor-binding sites of the HA gene. Both @entity13964 and @entity13965 were associated statistically with severe disease. The 2011 viruses had evolved into two distinct branches. Ten specific point mutations occurred in the 2011 virus. In summary, high fever, @entity1729 and serious complications were the main features of severe cases. Gene variation seemed not to be the main reason for severe disease. Vaccination is the effective mean to prevent @entity281 .

title: Clinical and molecular characteristics of the 2009 pandemic influenza @entity281 with severe or XXXX from 2009 to 2011 in Shenzhen, China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['fatal disease']

entities_list: @entity11410 :: ('MESH:D018792', 'Disease') :: ['viral encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza epidemic']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection and severe disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['lower respiratory tract infections']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['fatal disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Self-blood @entity413 control is crucial to improving long term outcomes in @entity6 . To facilitate this task, we offered @entity1 access to a remote computer continuously online for data collection, dosing decision support, and medical monitoring. Imbedded algorithms for home @entity413 clamping were custom programmed for each @entity1 . The objectives of the present work were to determine what proportion of @entity1 chose to use such support and whether users benefited from the effort compared to non-users. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A single central computer system was used. Algorithms for home @entity413 clamping were custom programmed for each @entity1 by their physician who set @entity413 targets, clamping factors and safety constraints. The systems were voice-interactive and required the remote @entity1 to handle only a touch-tone telephone. @entity1 were free to access the system each day to report self-measured blood @entity413 levels or @entity4053 symptoms together with @entity1735 counting, planned exercise, stress, illness or other life-style events. Clinical experience was in @entity1 followed for 12 months in samples derived from three health-care environments. RESULTS: Some 388 @entity1 were offered access to the system. Sixty percent of @entity1 (N=231) actively used the system. Among the 3 study centers, over 104,000 blood @entity413 measurements were received during the start-up year. Each call was processed instantly and automatically. @entity1 benefited from the 24 hours access. Those receiving algorithmic assistance for home @entity413 clamping adjusted daily therapy more effectively: prevalence of @entity9680 fell ~ 2-fold (p<0.05) and glycated hemoglobin levels declined 1.3% (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Physicians and @entity1 benefited. @entity1 with @entity6 may be receptive to computer assistance. Many can accomplish @entity413 clamping at home and meet targets set by their physicians for self-blood @entity413 control while reducing the incidence of @entity6 crises. The centralized system adds no costs for the @entity1 and empowers physicians to provide safer and superior @entity6 care.

title: Clinical studies with home XXXX clamping.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity9680 :: ('MESH:D052456', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-glycemia and hypo-glycemia']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: We describe a @entity1 with seropositive @entity309 who developed @entity693 resulting in @entity1952 . Clinical, histopathologic, and radiologic findings in 18 additional cases of @entity32 associated with @entity309 are reviewed. The three characteristic neuropathologic findings were @entity14931 , @entity693 or @entity3554 , and @entity1333 . In most cases, more than one of these histopathologic processes were found. The typical host was middle-aged with long-standing severe nodular disease. However, contrary to previous reports, @entity149 occurred in a significant number of @entity1 without active @entity603 and @entity1333 and nodules. Although no correlation between specific neurologic symptoms and neuropathology was noted, @entity1 with CNS nodules tended to be asymptomatic more often than @entity1 with @entity1333 or @entity693 . CSF analysis and computed axial tomography were helpful diagnostic tools, but diagnosis was ultimately made only by directed biopsy or at autopsy. Treatment with surgical decompression and/or corticosteroids has proved beneficial in several cases. Inflammatory CNS involvement in @entity309 should be considered in any @entity1 with neurologic symptoms in whom infectious and malignant processes are ruled out. An aggressive, invasive approach for diagnostic biopsies seems warranted.

title: Inflammatory central nervous system involvement in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory CNS disease']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['extracranial vasculitis', 'vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity14931 :: ('MESH:D012218', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid nodules']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS disease']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis', 'pachymeningitis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity3554 :: ('MESH:D008577', 'Disease') :: ['leptomeningitis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity2695 of the spinal nerve roots are rare. Only 12 cases have been reported in the literature, all since 1965. These lesions occurred in adults, primarily in males, and were located in the cauda equina. Of the 12 lesions, eight were @entity2477 . The authors report here the clinicopathological features of 10 cases of @entity2695 of the spinal nerve root, nine of which were of the capillary type. METHODS: The group included six @entity1 and four @entity1 who ranged in age from 40 to 62 years. The majority of @entity1 presented with @entity158 and @entity425 . One @entity1 also experienced worsening of @entity158 during menses. In all cases, @entity2287 -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging or computerized tomography myelography demonstrated a discrete intraspinal extramedullary mass. Administration of contrast agent resulted in uniform, intense enhancement. A gross-total resection was achieved in all but one case; in most cases, it was necessary to sacrifice the parent nerve root. Preoperative symptoms and signs improved in nine cases. On histological examination, all but one @entity5 , a spindle-cell @entity8146 , were shown to be ordinary @entity8702 . Two lesions exhibited a cavernous component, and five showed a partly solid growth pattern resembling juvenile @entity8702 . In all cases, the relationship with the nerve root was histologically confirmed. The @entity5 -nerve relation varied. The intact nerve was displaced by the epineurial mass in three cases. The fascicles appeared separated in six cases, and individual nerve fibers were seen throughout one lesion with endoneurial involvement. CONCLUSION: . @entity2695 of spinal nerve roots pose a challenging diagnostic problem. Knowledge of their existence is relevant in that they may mimic @entity5 and are amenable to surgical treatment.

title: XXXX of spinal nerve root.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'Hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8146 :: ('MESH:D006390', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioendothelioma']

entities_list: @entity8702 :: ('MESH:D018324', 'Disease') :: ['capillary hemangioma', 'capillary hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['Hemangioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Biological lung volume reduction (BLVR) using biological reagents to remodel and shrink damaged regions of lung has previously been accomplished in @entity742 with experimental @entity2542 . This report summarizes the initial clinical experience including a 3-month follow-up using this technique in @entity1 . METHODS: An open-label phase 1 trial designed to evaluate the safety of BLVR in @entity1 with advanced heterogeneous @entity2415 enrolled six @entity1 . Of these, three @entity1 received unilateral treatment at two pulmonary subsegments (group 1) and three @entity1 received unilateral treatment at four pulmonary subsegments (group 2). The incidence of adverse events and changes in pulmonary function test results, symptoms, and exercise capacity were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean (+/- SD) age of the six @entity1 enrolled in the study was 66 +/- 5.7 years (age range, 57 to 73 years). BLVR was well tolerated in both treatment groups and was not associated with any serious complications. All @entity1 were discharged from the hospital on posttreatment day 1. Although the primary purpose of the study was to examine safety, improvements were observed in mean vital capacity (+7.2 +/- 9.5%; range, -2% to + 19%), mean residual volume (RV) [-7.8 +/- 8.5%; range, + 1% to -22%], mean RV/total lung capacity ratio (-6.6 +/- 4.7%; range, -1% to -15%), mean 6-min walk distance (+14.5 +/- 18.5%; range, 0 to + 51%), and in mean @entity1353 score. On average, group 2 @entity1 experienced greater benefit from BLVR than group 1 @entity1 , suggesting a dose-response pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results indicate that BLVR can be safe and may produce benefits in appropriately selected @entity1 with advanced heterogeneous @entity2415 .

title: Biological lung volume reduction: a new bronchoscopic therapy for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity2542 :: ('MESH:D011656', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emphysema']

answer: @entity2415 :: (MESH:D004646,Disease) :: ['emphysema']


abstract: Since 1993 we have studied 5 Spanish families with @entity8 associated with @entity5052 ( @entity39544 ). Among these families, 24 @entity1 have been identified. All @entity1 had some combination of @entity5052 , @entity210 , @entity177 , arterial @entity101 , and reduced kidney size. The clinical presentation in the different families and in the members of the same family was heterogeneous. @entity208 treatment did not appear to influence @entity8 . From a clinical perspective, this syndrome is a distinctive interstitial @entity8 , inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, that progresses to @entity177 and is not halted nor prevented by @entity208 therapy. In 2003, genetic linkage analysis in 3 of the 5 families showed linkage of @entity39544 to 16p 11.2. One family was not analyzed and one family did not show linkage to this region confirming the genetic heterogeneity of this syndrome. A mutation in @entity26350 gene was found in these 3 families as the cause of the @entity39544 . The mutations cluster in exon 4 and exon 5 and were point mutation that results in an @entity535 change in the uromodulin or Tamm Horsfall protein. This fact allowed in 2004, the presymptomatic genetic diagnosis of an 8-years-old @entity1 belonging to one of these 3 Spanish families. We conclude that in families with a history of @entity177 in which @entity39544 is suspected, @entity26350 mutation screening may enable a definite diagnosis. When a mutation is found, family members can be tested for a @entity26350 mutation and pre-symptomatic diagnosis may allow counseling to prevent or halt the progression to @entity177 .

title: XXXX associated with @entity5052 in Spain: our experience with 3 families harbouring a @entity26350 mutation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal disease', 'familial nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency', 'renal failure', 'renal failure and/or gout']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol', 'Allopurinol']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Familial nephropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Effects of fish oil supplements on metabolic variables are insufficiently clarified in type 2 @entity6 . OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate short-term (1 wk) and longer-term (9 wk) effects of @entity9539 . DESIGN: Twenty-six subjects with type 2 @entity6 without hypertriacylglycerolemia participated in a double-blind controlled study. Median intake in the intervention group was 17.6 mL fish oil/d (1.8 g 20:5n-3, 3.0 g 22:6n-3, and 5.9 g total n-3 @entity1718 ). The control group received 17.8 mL @entity4336 oil/d (8.5 g 18:2n-6). RESULTS: Plasma phospholipid 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 increased, whereas 18:2n-6 decreased, in the fish oil group compared with the @entity4336 oil group after 1 wk. The two n-3 @entity1718 also increased in adipose tissue biopsy samples taken after 9 wk in the fish oil group. @entity413 concentrations (home-monitored) were approximately 1 mmol/L higher in the fish oil group than in the @entity4336 oil group at the end of the intervention (P = 0.035). @entity413 utilization measured by using an isoglycemic clamp was lowered in the fish oil group compared with that in the @entity4336 oil group at the end of the intervention (P = 0.049), whereas glucagon-stimulated C-peptide tended to increase (P = 0.078). The fish oil group utilized less fat for oxidation after 1 wk, with a change to more fat and less @entity1735 oxidation after 9 wk (P = 0.040), than did the @entity4336 oil group. CONCLUSION: A high intake of fish oil moderately increases blood @entity413 and @entity1720 in @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 without hypertriacylglycerolemia and alters @entity1735 and fat utilization in a time-dependent manner.

title: Effects of n-3 @entity1718 in subjects with type 2 @entity6 : reduction of insulin sensitivity and time-dependent alteration from XXXX to fat oxidation.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity9539 :: ('MESH:D015525', 'Chemical') :: ['n-3 fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['decreases insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: beta-Adrenoceptor-mediated vasorelaxation decreases with age in various vascular beds. The present study investigated the roles of cyclooxygenase (COX) on beta-adrenoceptor vasorelaxation by @entity3044 in 8- and 54-week-old @entity35 aortas. The vasorelaxation responses by @entity3044 (0.03-3 microM) were significantly reduced in 54-week-old aortas compared to 8-week. Addition of the non-selective COX inhibitors @entity3352 (10 microM) or @entity117 (10 microM) restored @entity3044 vasorelaxation of 54-week-old aortas to levels found in 8-week-old aortas. This suggests the involvement of COX prostanoids in the age-related reduction of beta-adrenoceptor vasorelaxation. Immunohistochemistry revealed greater levels of @entity9774 and @entity4665 staining in 54-week-old aortas compared to 8-week with expression located mainly in medial smooth muscle. An age-linked increase in @entity9774 and @entity4665 protein was found in cremaster arterioles of 54-week-old @entity35 (compared to 8-week) mainly in the endothelial layer. The age-related increase in @entity9774 and @entity4665 protein led to elevation of @entity4770 (measured as 6-keto prostaglandin F(1alpha)) and thromboxane A(2) (measured as @entity7489 ) in 54-week compared to 8-week-old aortas. Endothelium removal in 54-week aortas markedly reduced the @entity9077 level, thus suggesting an endothelial source for elevated @entity4770 . These findings in combination with the effects of COX inhibitors suggest that the age-related decrease in beta-adrenoceptor vasorelaxation by @entity3044 is due to an age-linked increase in COX expression, which elevates production of COX-derived vasoactive prostanoids.

title: A role for cyclooxygenase in aging-related changes of beta-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation in XXXX aortas.

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity7489 :: ('MESH:D013929', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane B(2)']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity9077 :: ('MESH:D015121', 'Chemical') :: ['6-keto prostaglandin F(1alpha)']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']