abstract: PURPOSE: Although @entity7793 frequently occurs in female @entity5 @entity1 after chemotherapy (CTx), bone marrow (BM) transplantation (BMT) has been linked to an unexplained return of ovarian function and fertility in some survivors. Studies modeling this in @entity19 have shown that BMT generates donor-derived oocytes in CTx-treated recipients. However, a subsequent report claimed that ovulated eggs are not derived from BM and that BM-derived oocytes reported previously are misidentified immune cells. This study was conducted to further clarify the impact of BMT on female reproductive function after CTx using a preclinical @entity19 model. METHODS: Female @entity19 were administered CTx followed by BMT using coat color-mismatched female donors. After housing with males, the number of pregnancies and offspring genotype were recorded. For cell tracking, BM from germline-specific green fluorescent protein- @entity19 was transplanted into CTx-treated wild-type recipients. Immune cells were sorted from blood and analyzed for germline markers. RESULTS: BMT rescued long-term fertility in CTx-treated females, but all offspring were derived from the recipient germline. Cell tracking showed that donor-derived oocytes were generated in ovaries of recipients after BMT, and two lines of evidence dispelled the claim that these oocytes are misidentified immune cells. CONCLUSION: These data from a preclinical @entity19 model validate a testable clinical strategy for preserving or resurrecting ovarian function and fertility in female @entity5 @entity1 after CTx, thus aligning with recommendations of the 2005 National @entity5 Institute @entity0 Progress Review Group and President's @entity5 Panel to prioritize research efforts aimed at improving the quality of life in @entity5 survivors.

title: Bone marrow transplantation generates immature oocytes and rescues long-term fertility in a preclinical XXXX model of chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity7793 :: ('MESH:D008594', 'Disease') :: ['early menopause']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Specific hybridization assays for intermediates in rRNA synthesis (pre-rRNA) may become useful for monitoring the growth activity of individual microbial species in complex natural systems. This possibility depends upon the assumption that rRNA processing in microbial cells continues after growth and pre-rRNA synthesis cease, resulting in drainage of the pre-rRNA pool. This is not the case in many eukaryotic cells, but less is known about the situation in bacteria. Therefore, we used DNA probes to measure steady-state cellular pre-16S rRNA pools during growth state transitions in @entity526 . Pre-16S rRNA became undetectable when cells entered the stationary phase on rich medium and was replenished upon restoration of favorable growth conditions. These fluctuations were of much greater magnitude than concurrent fluctuations in the mature 16S rRNA pool. The extent of pre-16S rRNA depletion depended upon the circumstances limiting growth. It was significantly more pronounced in @entity505 -energy-starved cells than in @entity1568 -starved cells or in cells treated with energy uncouplers. In the presence of the transcriptional inhibitor @entity1215 , rates of pre-16S rRNA depletion in @entity505 -energy-starved cells and @entity1568 -starved cells were similar, suggesting that the difference between these conditions resides primarily at the level of pre-rRNA synthesis. @entity2755 , which inhibits the final steps in rRNA maturation, halted pre-16S rRNA depletion under all conditions. The data show that @entity526 cells continue to process pre-rRNA after growth and rrn operon transcription cease, leading to drainage of the pre-rRNA pool. This supports the feasibility of using pre-rRNA-targeted probes to monitor bacterial growth in natural systems, with the caveat that patterns of pre-rRNA depletion vary with the conditions limiting growth.

title: Depletion of pre-16S rRNA in starved XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['Chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: A 9-year-old @entity1 was admitted because of recurrent cough, @entity1353 , and @entity7405 for over 3 months, which had become worse for the preceding week. A chest X-ray revealed a mass in the lumen of the @entity825 . Fiberoptic bronchoscopy confirmed a polypoid mass in the upper @entity825 3 cm under the vocal cords, with a 1.5-cm diameter that occluded approximately 70% of the lumen. Endoscopic excision of the @entity5 was performed with rigid bronchoscopy. Results of immunolabeling, which was positive for @entity4483 protein and @entity2277 , demonstrated a @entity808 . Clinical symptoms and signs improved after the @entity5 was removed. @entity808 is an extremely rare @entity5 , and only 34 cases were previously reported worldwide. The most common presentation is airway obstruction. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult, and radiographic techniques are helpful for diagnosis. Bronchoscopy is recommended for diagnosis, biopsy, and resection of the @entity5 . Long-term follow-up after simple enucleation is required.

title: Primary @entity808 in XXXX : case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['benign neurilemmoma', 'Intratracheal neurilemmoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity7405 :: ('MESH:D059246', 'Disease') :: ['tachypnea']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: RCAS1 is a novel @entity5 marker, and there are no sufficient data about the utility of this antigen as a serum @entity5 marker and about its @entity5 specificity. We aimed at measuring the serum levels of RCAS1 in @entity1 with @entity788 and at determining its diagnostic efficacy. METHODS: Sera collected from @entity1 with @entity420 (39 cases) and benign biliary and @entity660 (19 cases) and from healthy volunteers (13 cases) were analyzed for RCAS1 and the results compared with CA19-9. The relation between serum RCAS1 and @entity5 stage was also evaluated. RESULTS: The serum RCAS1 levels exceeded the normal limit in 92.3, 26.3, and 23.0% of the @entity1 with @entity788 and benign biliary and @entity660 and healthy volunteers, respectively. RCAS1 had a specificity similar to that of CA19-9 in @entity788 , whereas RCAS1 had a higher sensitivity (p < 0.05). Both @entity5 markers had similar predictive values of positive and negative tests for @entity788 . The RCAS1 level was less influenced than the CA19-9 level by biliary stenoses. The median serum levels of RCAS1 increased, as the @entity5 stage increased. CONCLUSIONS: RCAS1 is a valuable serum marker for the diagnosis of @entity788 . The RCAS1 and CA19-9 levels increase the diagnostic efficiency of each other in @entity788 .

title: Significance of serum receptor-binding cancer antigen (RCAS1) in XXXX and benign pancreatobiliary diseases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survivors of @entity3124 often have clinically significant @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) symptoms. This study describes the 2-year prevalence and duration of @entity1005 symptoms after @entity647 ( @entity647 ), and examines @entity1 baseline and @entity3124 /intensive care-related risk factors. METHOD: This prospective, longitudinal cohort study recruited @entity1 from 13 intensive care units (ICUs) in four hospitals, with follow-up 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after @entity647 onset. The outcome of interest was an Impact of Events Scale - Revised (IES-R) mean score >= 1.6 (' @entity1005 symptoms'). RESULTS: During the 2-year follow-up, 66/186 @entity1 (35%) had @entity1005 symptoms, with the greatest prevalence by the 3-month follow-up. Fifty-six @entity1 with post- @entity647 @entity1005 symptoms survived to the 24-month follow-up, and 35 (62%) of these had @entity1005 symptoms at the 24-month follow-up; 50% had taken @entity146 medications and 40% had seen a psychiatrist since hospital discharge. Risk/protective factors for @entity1005 symptoms were pre- @entity647 @entity308 [hazard odds ratio (OR) 1.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-3.64], ICU length of stay (for a doubling of days, OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.06-1.83), proportion of ICU days with @entity295 (per decile, OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00-1.16), high ICU opiate doses (mean @entity1286 equivalent >= 100 mg/day, OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.02-4.42) and proportion of ICU days on opiates (per decile, OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.74-0.94) or @entity288 (per decile, OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84-0.99). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1005 symptoms are common, long-lasting and associated with @entity146 treatment during the first 2 years after @entity647 . Risk factors include pre- @entity647 @entity308 , durations of stay and @entity295 in the ICU, and administration of high-dose opiates in the ICU. Protective factors include durations of opiate and @entity228 administration in the ICU.

title: Post-traumatic XXXX after @entity647 : a 2-year prospective longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness', 'critical illnesses']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'ALI']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['stress disorder symptoms']


abstract: Oligonucleotide primer pairs specific for @entity1192 , @entity1356 , @entity1199 , @entity2772 , @entity3646 , @entity225 , and @entity650 , as well as for @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ), @entity6824 ( @entity6824 ), and @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) mRNA/cDNA were synthesized in order to detect cytokine transcripts by reverse transcription and subsequent polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR). Analysis of RNA preparations of the @entity1 @entity150 cell line 5637 by this methodology reveals expression of mRNAs for @entity1192 , @entity1356 , @entity650 , @entity1261 , @entity6824 , and for @entity2841 , whereas mRNAs for @entity1199 , @entity2772 , @entity3646 , and @entity225 are not detectable. These results are in agreement with data obtained by classical methods. Thus, for the cytokines @entity1199 , @entity2772 , @entity3646 , and @entity225 , it was not possible to detect a phenomenon described as 'illegitimate transcription,' defined as the low level transcription of any gene in any cell type. This finding is of importance for the applicability of mRNA phenotyping employing RT/PCR for the determination of mRNA expression patterns. For @entity6824 mRNA detection, two oligonucleotide primer pairs had to be used to distinguish between the alpha-(pcCSF17) and beta-splicing forms and to overcome the problem of non-amplification of a larger fragment in the presence of a competing smaller one, defined here as 'incomplete positivity.' For @entity1261 , @entity3646 , @entity1199 , and @entity225 , RT/PCR reveals two fragments. Restriction enzyme analysis of the additional fragments suggests that they may arise from alternative splicing events. For @entity1261 and @entity3646 , exons 3 and 2 seem to be spliced out, respectively. The additional fragments for @entity1199 and @entity225 RT/PCR have not yet been further characterized, but the size of the fragments makes it seem probable that exons 2 and 3 are spliced out for @entity1199 and @entity225 , respectively. The biological role of these alternative mRNAs has yet to be determined.

title: Rapid and sensitive mRNA phenotyping for interleukins ( XXXX to @entity650 ) and colony-stimulating factors ( @entity1261 , @entity6824 , and @entity2841 ) by reverse transcription and subsequent polymerase chain reaction.

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1192 :: ('3552', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1 alpha', 'interleukins (IL)-1 alpha']

entities_list: @entity6824 :: ('1435', 'Gene') :: ['M-CSF', 'macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity1192 :: (3552,Gene) :: ['IL-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A high prevalence of chronic @entity1295 has previously been reported following @entity7014 after a large waterborne outbreak in Bergen, Norway in 2004. The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate differential diagnoses and natural course of @entity1295 five years after @entity7014 among @entity1 who reported chronic @entity1295 three years after the @entity281 . METHODS: @entity1 who three years after @entity281 met Chalder's criteria for chronic @entity1295 (n=347) in a questionnaire study among all @entity1 who had laboratory confirmed @entity7014 during the Bergen outbreak (n=1252) were invited to participate in this study five years after the @entity281 (n=253). Structured interviews and clinical examination were performed by specialists in psychiatry, neurology and internal medicine/infectious diseases. Fukuda et al's 1994 criteria were used to diagnose @entity5815 ( @entity5815 ) and @entity5815 ( @entity5815 ). Self-reported @entity1295 recorded with Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire three and five years after @entity281 were compared. RESULTS: 53 @entity1 were included. @entity5815 was diagnosed in 41.5% (22/53) and @entity5815 in 13.2% (7/53). Chronic @entity1295 caused by other aetiology was diagnosed in 24.5% (13/53); five of these @entity1 had sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome, six had @entity308 and five @entity148 , and among these two had more than one diagnosis. Fatigue had resolved in 20.8% (11/53). Self-reported @entity1295 score in the cohort was significantly reduced at five years compared to three years (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The study shows that @entity461 may induce @entity5815 persisting as long as five years after the @entity281 . Obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome, @entity308 and @entity148 were important differential diagnoses, or possibly comorbidities, to post-infectious @entity1295 in this study. Improvement of chronic @entity1295 in the period from three to five years after @entity7014 was found.

title: @entity5815 5 years after XXXX : differential diagnoses, characteristics and natural course.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'Giardia infection']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['ICF', 'chronic fatigue syndrome', 'CFS', 'idiopathic chronic fatigue']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Species') :: ['Giardia duodenalis']

entities_list: @entity7014 :: ('MESH:D005873', 'Disease') :: ['giardiasis']

answer: @entity7014 :: (MESH:D005873,Disease) :: ['giardiasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Chronic @entity3494 exposure to @entity1 is considered immunosuppressive with augmented susceptibility to several @entity166 . The exact molecular mechanisms, however, remain unknown. Earlier, we showed the involvement of unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling in @entity3494 -mediated impairment of macrophage functions. Here, we show that @entity2988 ( @entity2988 ), a UPR transcription factor, regulates @entity4447 ( @entity4448 )-mediated dysregulation of macrophage functions. In @entity4448 -treated @entity2988 (+/+) wild-type @entity19 , a significant down-regulation of @entity3804 expression was associated with the reduced phagocytic functions of peritoneal and lung macrophages. This severe immuno- @entity137 phenotype was not observed in @entity4448 -treated @entity2988 (+/-) heterozygous @entity19 . To confirm these observations, we demonstrated in Raw 264.7 cells that @entity2988 knock-down rescues @entity4448 -mediated impairment of macrophage functions including cytokine production, bacterial engulfment and clearance of engulfed bacteria. Sustained activation of @entity2988 by @entity4448 in macrophages induces apoptosis, while diminution of @entity2988 expression protects against @entity4448 -induced apoptotic cell death. Raw 264.7 cells treated with @entity4448 also manifest dysregulated @entity9495 homeostasis. @entity4448 induces @entity9495 -dependent @entity18336 and @entity35123 expression which together regulated macrophage apoptosis. Additionally, apoptosis was also induced by mitochondria-regulated pathway. Restoring @entity4448 -impaired @entity9495 homeostasis in ER/mitochondria by treatments with the inhibitors of @entity671 receptor ( @entity12845 ) and voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) attenuate innate immune functions of macrophages. These studies identify a novel role for @entity2988 in underlying pathogenesis of macrophage dysregulation and immuno- @entity137 of @entity3494 .

title: XXXX underlies the pathogenesis of @entity4447 -mediated impairment of macrophage innate immune functions.

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity2988 :: ('11911(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['ATF4', 'activating transcription factor 4']

answer: @entity2988 :: (11911(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Activating transcription factor 4']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of three rounds of mammography screening pilot programme operated between 2004  and 2010  in Sfax by the founders of Dar El Amal association. @entity1 AND METHODS: A biennial screening was offered to @entity1 aged over 45years and residing in five delegations of Sfax. Two radiologists independently interpret the mammograms. RESULTS: Twelve thousand six hundred and fifty-seven mammographies were performed. The rate of participation was 17.35%. @entity1 under 50years had the higher rate of participation (34.7%). Some 17.2%/8% (prevalent/incident round) of @entity1 were recalled for further assessment. The chirurgical biopsy rate was 2.1% in prevalence and 1.34% in incidence. The predictive positive value ( @entity2286 ) of biopsy was 26.5% and 47.14% in the prevalent and incident rounds, respectively. The @entity5 detection rate amounted to 5.6    in prevalent round and to 6.3    in incident round. Twenty-five percent of invasive @entity5 were less or equal to 10mm in size and 65.5% were node-negative. The rate of interval @entity5 was 0.78   . The performance of screening in this study was undermined by the relative importance of @entity1 younger than 50years. The cost of one test was 26,200TD and the cost of one @entity5 case screening was 6142TD. CONCLUSION: This study identified the benefits and limitations of this pilot programme to inform policy makers on the importance and feasibility of an organized mammography screening of @entity0 in Tunisia in a context of a generalization.

title: [Results of a pilot study for XXXX screening by mammography in Sfax region, Tunisia].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['detected cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The management of @entity788 provides @entity130 surgeons with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The two most important facts that must be established are the location of the injury in relation to the superior mesenteric artery and vein and the status of the main pancreatic duct. If a @entity660 is discovered at the time of exploration and no main @entity130 is found, debridement and wide drainage are adequate therapy regardless of the location of the injury. If the status of the duct cannot be confidently determined and the injury lies to the left of the vessels, a single attempt at cholecystocholangiography should be performed. If this is unsuccessful, distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy with no further attempts at ductal imaging are our treatments of choice. Splenic salvage may be considered in the pediatric population. If the injury lies to the right of the vessels and the status of the duct is not able to be diagnosed with thorough exploration, we recommend endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), either intraoperatively or on an urgent basis postoperatively, with wide closed suction drainage prior to closure of the abdomen. If the ERCP shows intact pancreatic and common bile ducts, expectant management is warranted. If the duct is injured, the @entity1 is returned to the operating room for debridement of the injury, oversewing of the proximal pancreatic duct, and a distal pancreaticojejunostomy. Use of ERCP to stent this @entity130 has been reported but has yet to be rigorously studied. If the ampulla is destroyed or the pancreatic head is devascularized, pancreaticoduodenectomy is required either at the original surgery or after @entity1 stabilization if damage control laparotomy is necessary. If a stable @entity130 @entity1 has findings on a computed tomography suggestive of an isolated @entity660 , we still recommend laparotomy using the previously mentioned algorithm. All @entity1 with @entity660 should have feeding access placed intraoperatively beyond the ligament of Treitz, with our choice being a nasal-jejunal feeding tube. Postoperative pancreatic fistulae should be managed with adequate closed suction drainage, octreotide, and observation for a period of at least 4 to 8 weeks prior to contemplation of surgical intervention.

title: XXXX : diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic trauma']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ductal injury', 'trauma', 'injury type']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic trauma']


abstract: The polyadenylation signal of @entity11232 ) was characterized by mutational and deletion analysis. The cis-acting signals required to direct polyadenylation conformed to what is known for plant poly(A) signals in general and were very similar to those of the related @entity3260 . Processing was directed by a canonical AAUAAA poly(A) signal, an upstream UG-rich region considerably enhanced processing efficiency, and sequences downstream of the cleavage site were not required. When present at the end of a transcription unit, the cis-acting signals for 3'-end processing were highly efficient in both monocot ( @entity579 ) and dicot (Nicotiana plumbaginifolia) protoplasts. In a promoter-proximal position, as in the viral genome, the signal was also efficiently processed in @entity579 protoplasts, giving rise to an abundant "short-stop" (SS-) RNA. The proportion of SS-RNA was considerably lower in N. plumbaginifolia protoplasts. In infected plants, SS-RNA was hardly detectable, suggesting either that SS-RNA is unstable in infected plants or that read-through of the promoter-proximal poly(A) site is very efficient. SS-RNA is readily detectable in transgenic @entity579 plants (A. Kl  ti, C. Henrich, S. Bieri, X. He, G. Chen, P. K. Burkhardt, J. W  nn, P. Lucca, T. Hohn, I. Potrylus, and J. F  tterer, 1999. Plant Mol. Biol. 40:249-266), thus the absence of SS-RNA in infected plants can be attributed to poly(A) site bypass in the viral context to ensure production of the full-length pregenomic viral RNA. @entity11232 poly(A) site suppression thus depends both on context and the expression system; our results suggest that the circular viral minichromosome directs assembly of a transcription-processing complex with specific properties to effect read-through of the promoter-proximal poly(A) signal.

title: Polyadenylation in XXXX : cis-acting signals and regulation.

entities_list: @entity3260 :: ('10641', 'Species') :: ['cauliflower mosaic virus']

entities_list: @entity11232 :: ('10654', 'Species') :: ['RTBV', 'rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV']

answer: @entity11232 :: (10654,Species) :: ['rice tungro bacilliform virus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity162 differ neurobiologically and in clinical presentation. Existing @entity308 rating instruments, used in @entity162 , fail to capture the necessary phenomenological nuances, as they are based on and skewed towards the characteristics of @entity308 . Both clinically and in research there is a growing need for a new observer-rated scale that is specifically designed to assess @entity162 . METHODS: An instrument reflecting the characteristics of @entity162 was drafted by the authors, and administered to 122 @entity1 aged 18-65 (44 males and 78 females) with a diagnosis of DSM-IV @entity162 , who were currently experiencing symptoms of @entity308 . The @entity162 Rating Scale (BDRS) was administered together with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). RESULTS: The BDRS has strong internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.917), and robust correlation coefficients with the MADRS (r = 0.906) and HAM-D (r = 0.744), and the mixed subscale correlated with the YMRS (r = 0.757). Exploratory factor analysis showed a three-factor solution gave the best account of the data. These factors corresponded to @entity308 (somatic), @entity308 (psychological) and mixed symptom clusters. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence for the validity of the BDRS for the measurement of @entity308 in @entity162 . These results suggest good internal validity, provisional evidence of inter-rater reliability and strong correlations with other @entity308 rating scales.

title: The XXXX Rating Scale (BDRS): its development, validation and utility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar depression', 'bipolar disorder', 'Unipolar and bipolar depression', 'Bipolar Depression']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'unipolar depression']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['Bipolar Depression']


abstract: The antiarrhythmic efficacy of intravenous @entity6237 and intravenous digoxin was assessed in 29 @entity1 (26 @entity1 ), aged 43 to 73 (63 +/- 7) years who developed @entity943 in the first 96 hours after coronary artery bypass grafting. Twenty-seven had @entity955 and 2 had @entity956 . @entity1 were entered into the study if the @entity943 persisted for at least 15 minutes with a ventricular rate greater than 120 beats/min. Fifteen @entity1 were randomized to @entity6237 (group 1) and 14 to digoxin (group 2). @entity6237 was given as a bolus of 1 mg/kg over 10 minutes followed by an infusion of 1.5 mg/kg/hr for 1 hour and then 0.25 mg/kg/hr for the rest of the study period (24 hours). Digoxin was given as 3 bolus doses (0.5 mg followed after 6 and 12 hours by 0.25 mg). In both groups, 10 mg of @entity1855 was given intravenously after 45 minutes if the @entity943 persisted with a mean ventricular rate greater than 100 beats/min. The antiarrhythmic efficacy was assessed by 24-hour Holter monitoring and frequent 15-second rhythm strips. Within 45 minutes control of @entity943 , which was maintained for the rest of the study period, was achieved in 10 of 15 @entity1 in group 1 and 2 of 14 in group 2 (p less than 0.01). Nine of 15 reverted to sinus rhythm in group 1 compared to 0 of 14 in group 2 and 1 of 15 remained in @entity943 with a controlled ventricular rate in group 1 compared to 2 of 14 in group 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Efficacy of @entity6237 for XXXX following coronary artery bypass grafting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['flecainide', 'Flecainide']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['atrial arrhythmias']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity13736 ( @entity13737 ) is commonly used as an anti- @entity1066 drug. If @entity13737 affects inducible @entity842 synthase (iNOS) in the vascular tissue, it could influence disease progression in coronary arteries. We investigated the effects of the anti- @entity1066 drug @entity13737 on iNOS activity in vascular smooth muscle cells. METHODS: We measured the production of @entity3542 , a stable metabolite of @entity842 , in cultured @entity35 vascular smooth muscle cells with the Griess reagent. iNOS protein and mRNA expressions were assayed by western blotting and northern blotting, respectively. The levels of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB proteins in nuclear extracts were analyzed by gel retardation assay. @entity1457 protein 70, a cytoprotective molecule, was evaluated by western blotting. RESULTS: Incubation of cultures with @entity3426 for 24 h caused a significant increase in @entity3542 generation. @entity3426 -induced @entity3542 production by vascular smooth muscle cells was significantly suppressed by @entity13737 in a dose-dependent manner. @entity13737 -suppressed @entity3542 production was accompanied by decreased iNOS mRNA and protein accumulations. @entity13737 by itself did not modulate the basal level of @entity3542 production. @entity3426 induced NF-kappaB activation in vascular smooth muscle cells, and the addition of @entity13737 further inhibited this NF-kappaB activation. @entity13737 itself induced @entity1457 protein 70 expression in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrated that @entity13737 suppresses iNOS expression in cytokine-stimulated cultured vascular smooth muscle cells partially through the suppression of NF-kappaB activation, suggesting that @entity13737 may modulate the pathophysiology of @entity65 including @entity731 . In addition, this effect may be associated with @entity1457 protein 70 production by @entity13737 .

title: An anti- @entity1066 drug, @entity13736 , suppresses inducible XXXX synthase in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells.

entities_list: @entity13736 :: ('MESH:C031049', 'Chemical') :: ['Geranylgeranylacetone']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock', 'Heat shock']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3426 :: ('24494(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1beta', 'Interleukin-1beta']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: The interaction of plasma @entity2661 and @entity3810 ( @entity3727 ) ventilation was examined during @entity2806 in @entity35 . Group 1 (n = 19) was anesthetized with 50 micrograms.kg-1 x h-1 of @entity3575 and ventilated with 70% @entity1568 in @entity26 . Group 2 (n = 19) was anesthetized with intravenous @entity3575 (25 micrograms.kg-1 x h-1) and 70% @entity3727 ventilation in @entity26 . Group 3 (n = 10) received 25 micrograms.kg-1 x h-1 of @entity3575 and 70% @entity3727 ventilation and 100 micrograms/kg of @entity6948 , an alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist that decreases sympathetic activity. Incomplete @entity2806 was produced by right carotid ligation combined with hemorrhagic @entity551 to 30 mm Hg for 30 min. Plasma @entity2661 were measured during @entity63 . Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was evaluated by using laser Doppler. Neurologic outcome was evaluated for 3 days after @entity63 . Plasma @entity1425 and @entity1063 and were decreased 20% and neurologic outcome was significantly worse in Group 2 ventilated with @entity3727 compared with @entity3575 -anesthetized controls (P < 0.05). @entity6948 -treated @entity35 had lower plasma @entity2661 (20% of control) and larger decreases in CBF during @entity63 compared with controls. @entity6948 (Group 3) improved outcome from @entity63 in comparison to both Groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.05). These results suggest that @entity2661 play a major role in worsening ischemic outcome. @entity3727 ventilation may increase @entity528 by enhancing the sympathetic response to @entity63 .

title: Interaction of XXXX and @entity3810 ventilation during incomplete @entity2806 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine', 'Dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['catecholamines']


abstract: A prospective phase II trial was carried out to define the activity of a low-dose subcutaneous regimen of @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) and @entity4020 ( @entity4020 ) in combination with intravenous administration of @entity5713 (VLB) in @entity1 with metastatic @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). Thirty-one @entity1 with advanced @entity1358 who had received no prior biochemotherapy were treated with @entity1199 4.5 MU x 2/24 h thrice weekly for 2 weeks, @entity4020 3 MU/24 h thrice weekly (alternating days) for 2 consecutive weeks and VLB 4 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. @entity1 were to have a 1-week rest period after each 2 weeks of therapy with cytokines. Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. Maximum duration of treatment was 1 year. Treatment was administered on an outpatient basis. There were 4 complete (12.9%) and 8 partial responses (25.8%), with an overall response rate of 38.7%. The median duration of response was 6.5 months. Responses were seen in lung, lymph nodes, bones, liver and other @entity5 metastases. @entity137 was mild to moderate, consisting of @entity221 , @entity448 , malaise and @entity1209 in > 80% of @entity1 . @entity551 and transient @entity1665 occurred in > 20% of @entity1 . Liver enzyme elevation was frequently observed. Treatment-induced @entity1712 occurred in the majority of @entity1 , while in 52% of @entity1 @entity3028 grade II and grade III did not require dose modification of drugs. Transient @entity32 and local induration at the injection sites was observed in the majority of @entity1 . None of the @entity1 experienced major VLB-related @entity137 and no toxic @entity204 occurred. This three-drug combination immunochemotherapy may be a promising regimen with modest @entity137 in advanced @entity1358 .

title: An outpatient phase II study of subcutaneous @entity1199 and @entity4020 in combination with intravenous XXXX in metastatic @entity1358 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4020 :: ('3440', 'Gene') :: ['interferon alpha-2b', 'IFN-alpha']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell cancer', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea-vomiting']

answer: @entity5713 :: (MESH:D014747,Chemical) :: ['vinblastine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity311 within the Greater Mekong sub-region is extremely heterogeneous. While China and Thailand have been relatively successful in controlling @entity311 , Myanmar continues to see high prevalence. Coupled with the recent emergence of @entity507 -resistant @entity311 along the Thai-Myanmar border, this makes Myanmar an important focus of @entity311 within the overall region. However, accurate epidemiological data from Myanmar have been lacking, in part because of ongoing and emerging conflicts between the government and various ethnic groups. Here the results are reported from a risk analysis of @entity311 slide positivity in a conflict zone along the @entity8668 . METHODS: Surveys were conducted in 13 clinics and hospitals around Laiza City, Myanmar between April 2011 and October 2012. Demographic, occupational and educational information, as well as @entity281 history, were collected. Logistic models were used to assess risk factors for slide positivity. RESULTS: Age patterns in @entity3965 infections were younger than those with @entity3964 . Furthermore, males were more likely than females to have @entity281 . @entity1 who reported having been infected with @entity311 during the previous year were much more likely to have a current @entity281 . During the second year of the study, @entity281 among soldiers increased signficiantly. CONCLUSIONS: These results fill some knowledge gaps with regard to risk factors associated with @entity311 slide positivity in this conflict region of north-eastern Myanmar. Since epidemiological studies in this region have been rare or non-existent, studies such as the current are crucial for understanding the dynamic nature of @entity311 in this extremely heterogeneous epidemiological landscape.

title: Risk factors associated with slide positivity among febrile XXXX in a conflict zone of north-eastern Myanmar along the @entity8668 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity8668 :: ('MESH:D001882', 'Disease') :: ['China-Myanmar border']

entities_list: @entity3965 :: ('5855', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium vivax']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['falciparum infections', 'vivax infection', 'malaria infection']

entities_list: @entity507 :: ('MESH:C031327', 'Chemical') :: ['artemisinin']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of a @entity162 probe on experimentally roughened articular cartilage and compare it with the traditional mechanical shaving technique using the knee joint of @entity742 . Twenty-eight skeletally mature ewes were divided randomly into two groups: one group was treated with a rotating shaving device and another group was treated using the @entity162 probe (Bipolar Arthroscopic Probe; Electroscope, Inc, Boulder, CO). Animals were killed at 0, 6, 12, and 24 weeks, and histological sections of the experimental limbs were compared with sections of the opposite limb using a modified Mankin scale. The following variables were used to determine scores: surface (0-6), cells (0-4), hypocellularity (0-3), matrix staining (transitional zone [0-4], radiate zone [0-4], and focal empty lacunae or @entity5441 cells (0-3). Differences in scores for all response variables were calculated as treated limb minus sham limb. Response variables were formed: score >0 recoded as 1 (favorable response treated better than sham), score of 0 recoded as 2 (neutral response no differences), and score <0 recoded as 3 (unfavorable response treated worse than sham). Bipolar ablative probe-treated limbs had 14.29% favorable responses and 35.71% favorable or neutral responses, whereas shave-treated limbs had 0% favorable and only 7.14% favorable or neutral responses. For all variables, bipolar ablative probe-treated limbs had more favorable responses. The less severe histological change in the @entity162 compared with the shave-treated joints suggests that @entity162 of articular cartilage may be a better treatment for @entity1844 than the usual shaving methods of debridement. Further, there were no pathological changes in the subchondral bone.

title: Radiofrequency (electrosurgical) ablation of articular cartilage: a study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5441 :: ('MESH:D017681', 'Disease') :: ['hypereosinophilic']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar ablation', 'bipolar ablative probe-treated joints']

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['chondromalacia']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: The incidence and development of @entity5 are closely related to dysfunction of immune function. The immune system cannot identify and remove malignant and mutant cells, which cause @entity5 cells to escape from surveillance and clearance of the immune system. Immunobiological @entity5 therapy plays an important role in strengthening body immunological surveillance function and killing remaining @entity5 cells in the body. We investigated the role of DC/CIK (dendritic cell/cytokine-induced killer cells) immunobiological @entity5 therapy in maintenance therapy of advanced @entity1149 . METHODS: When 60 cases of @entity1149 @entity1 in stage IIIb and IV reached stable disease after treatment with 4 cycles of a two-drug regimen with @entity902 , they were randomly divided into two groups. One group was treated with DC/CIK immunobiological @entity5 therapy, and the other was taken as a control group. Finally, @entity5 progression time and @entity137 reaction of the two groups were evaluated. RESULTS: DC/CIK treatment prolongs progression-free survival (3.20 months [95% CI, 2.94-3.50] vs 2.56 months [95% CI, 2.39-2.73]; P <0.05). In the treatment group, the proportion of NK cells, T-cell subgroups CD3+, @entity404 + and @entity405 + had a significant change before and after treatment. @entity8 and blood tests of the treatment group were within the normal range before and after treatment. In the treatment group, 1 case suffered from chest distress, 3 cases suffered from acratia, and 4 cases suffered from pyrexia. CONCLUSIONS: DC/CIK treatment had potential benefit for @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 compared with the control group and had no obvious side effects. DC/CIK treatment is a safe and effective method for maintenance therapy of advanced @entity1149 .

title: Effect of maintenance therapy with dendritic cells: cytokine-induced killer cells in XXXX with advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Liver and kidney function']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity652 is the most common cause of @entity1127 , while @entity4607 are very rare. We present a @entity1 with a preoperative histology proved diagnosis of isolated duodenal tubulovillous @entity6523 with high-grade @entity1141 for whom we performed laparoscopic antrectomy. CASE REPORT: The @entity1 was a 56-year-old male with vague upper @entity490 . Investigations revealed a 3-cm x 3-cm mass arising from the duodenal mucosa with no evidence of extraserosal spread. Histopathology documented an @entity6523 with high-grade @entity1141 , so a laparoscopic antrectomy was performed. RESULTS: The @entity1 had an uneventful postoperative period, requiring only 2 doses of parenteral analgesics. He was discharged on the seventh postoperative day. The final histopathological findings were consistent with benign @entity4607 . No recurrence has been reported after 14 months of follow-up with endoscopy. DISCUSSION: Many procedures have been described for @entity1127 , such as endoscopic excision, duodenectomy, pancreatoduodenectomy, and laparoscopic polyp excision. In our @entity1 , the decision to perform duodenectomy was based on the preoperative findings of a sessile tubulovillous @entity6523 with high-grade @entity1141 . Histologically, the 2 entities can be identical, especially with the small tissue volume obtained from endoscopic biopsy. CONCLUSION: Given these observations, antrectomy was probably ideal, because endoscopic excision would have been inadequate and even dangerous while pancreatoduodenectomy would have been too radical.

title: Laparoscopic antrectomy for a proximal duodenal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['polyps', 'duodenal polyps']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyp']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['hamartomas', 'hamartoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity4607 :: (MESH:D006222,Disease) :: ['Brunner gland hamartoma']


abstract: This study examines the identification of unusual cell populations highly associated with @entity706 cells ( @entity1629 -L) in diagnostic biopsy specimens using three-color flow cytometry (3-FCM). Patterns of surface antigen expression were used to compare the morphology of distinct lymphoid cell populations present in biopsy specimens and determine the presence or absence of @entity1629 -L. @entity1629 -L were identified by their larger size as compared to admixed reactive lymphocytes, and the method is based on the concept that @entity5 cells are larger than reactive lymphocytes. The comparison of relative cell sizes was determined by overlaying forward scatter histograms by multicolor gating using PAINT-A-GATE software. In order for separate gates to be set on @entity1629 -L and reactive cell populations, @entity1629 -L had to fulfill one or more immunophenotypic criteria. These included: (1) belonging to a subset of B cell antigen-positive cells showing restricted expression of kappa or lambda light chains; (2) belonging to a subset of @entity404 -positive cells having dim or absent expression of CD45RA; (3) showing alterations in antigen expression (loss, dimmer or brighter); or (4) expressing an immunophenotype that is present on only rare cell populations or is absent from reactive lymph nodes. The immunophenotypic profiles of the respective cell populations were demonstrated by cubic representations to assess more easily the co-expression of three antigens. The common morphology of @entity1629 -L as defined by forward and side scatter grams was consistent with a 'lymphoid appearance' except in several cases of @entity2662 -positive @entity784 and gammadelta @entity784 . The immunophenotypic profiles of @entity1629 -L were confirmed to correspond to the presumptive @entity706 cell population by use of a live gating procedure on the large cells, which eliminated interference by reactive cells or necrotic tissue fragments. Using this method, we identified @entity1629 -L in 208 of 293 (71%) consecutive cases of @entity1893 , while no @entity1629 -L were seen in 72 cases of non-specific hyperplasia of lymph nodes. Twenty-seven cases could not properly be examined about the existence of @entity1629 -L because of massive @entity39 , extensive @entity82 or strong non-specific staining reactions of unknown cause. When those cases were eliminated from the analysis, 80% of @entity1893 were found to contain @entity1629 -L. In @entity1892 , the incidence of @entity1629 -L in @entity706 (80%) was much higher than in @entity706 (47%). Only one of 21 cases of @entity978 was found to have @entity1629 -L. The 3-FCM procedure was validated by the combined use of immunohistochemistry, morphologic examination, cytogenetic and antigen receptor gene rearrangement analysis by Southern blot hybridization. Our findings indicate that detection of @entity1629 -L by 3-FCM is a reliable method to distinguish @entity1893 from @entity1373 in the majority of cases, even when the reactive cell population predominates over the malignant cell population.

title: Three-color flow cytometry in the diagnosis of XXXX based on the comparative cell morphology of @entity706 cells and reactive lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'extranodal lymphomas', 'nodal lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['reactive hyperplasias']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'non-Hodgkin lymphomas', "non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['malignant lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1358 with @entity5892 remains a complex challenge for the urologist. Aggressive surgery to remove all @entity5 can result in long-term survival. Liver transplant techniques, assistance from cardiac surgeons and bypass techniques can yield optimal vascular control but there is still a blind element inside the inferior vena cava when the @entity715 is evacuated. We present data on a technique using a flexible cystoscope to evaluate the lumen of the intrahepatic and suprahepatic inferior vena cava after nephrectomy and @entity5 thrombectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven @entity1 underwent radical nephrectomy and @entity5 thrombectomy for @entity1358 with @entity5892 . During surgery and after removal of the @entity5 @entity715 a flexible cystoscope was inserted into the venacavotomy for direct inspection of the inferior vena caval lumen. Any @entity41 was manipulated out of the lumen and removed. @entity1 records were reviewed for data on the time of this procedure, estimated @entity190 , @entity41 , @entity260 and survival. RESULTS: Venacavoscopy required an average additional 5.6 minutes and @entity41 was found in 3 of 7 @entity1 . Average estimated @entity190 was 1,170 cc and it was not affected by venacavoscopy. One @entity1 experienced @entity7140 , possibly as a result of this procedure. Mean followup was 17.6 months with 5 of 7 @entity1 alive. CONCLUSIONS: Venacavoscopy is a safe, reliable method of intraoperative inspection of the inferior vena cava that uses equipment and techniques familiar to every urologist. This can help prevent incomplete thrombectomy and disastrous @entity358 .

title: Venacavoscopy during nephrectomy for @entity1358 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5892 :: ('MESH:D020767', 'Disease') :: ['inferior vena caval thrombus']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'Renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolus']

entities_list: @entity7140 :: ('MESH:D042101', 'Disease') :: ['acalculous cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity5892 :: (MESH:D020767,Disease) :: ['inferior vena caval thrombus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity2802 classification (International Union Against @entity5 ) of @entity189 was revised in 1997. In this study, the authors have evaluated the validity of this new @entity2802 classification and clinical staging in 1683 @entity1 with @entity189 . METHODS: Reclassification was conducted according to the new classification based on the clinical data of 1683 @entity1 registered to the salivary gland division of the Japanese Joint Committee on @entity2802 classification. The 5- and 10-year survival rates according to @entity2802 classification were calculated for 1074 @entity1 whose prognosis could be followed up. Finally, the distribution of the total @entity1 population was analyzed using the new staging and the survival curves for each disease stage. RESULTS: The variance of the @entity1 for T1 to T4 was appropriate using the new T classification. The 5- and 10-year survival rates corresponded well to the degree of progression of @entity2802 . However, there were only nine @entity1 with Stage III, and marked nonuniformity in the staging was observed. The separation of the survival curves for each stage was not clear, and no significant differences between the survival curves of Stages II and III and Stages III and IV were observed. When the authors classified T1N1M0, T2N1M0, T3N1N0, and T4N0M0, which have 5- and 10-year survival rates similar to Stage III, distribution of @entity1 and separation of the survival curves in each stage improved markedly. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the current study confirm that the new @entity2802 classification system is valid. However, a significant problem was observed with respect to the new clinical staging. The authors propose that T1N1M0, T2N1M0, T3N1M0, and T4N0M0 be classified as Stage III.

title: Evaluation of the validity of the 1997 International Union Against XXXX @entity2802 classification of major @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['parotid gland carcinoma', 'salivary gland carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effectiveness of @entity14953 combined with intramedullary nail in treatment of Shepherd's @entity85 of @entity82 . METHOD: A retrospective study was performed in 13 @entity1 (14 femora) of @entity82 who were treated in our hospital between August 2000 and February 2005. All @entity1 had Shepherd's @entity85 . Six @entity1 had @entity66 , and seven had @entity66 . There were seven males and six females. The four-step procedure was performed orderly as @entity14953 , curettage lesion, massive impaction allograft, and insert intramedullary nail with neck cross pinning. RESULTS: All @entity1 were followed up from 4 to 7 years with an average duration of 75.3 months. The average neck-shaft angle was corrected from preoperative 75 degrees (range 55 degrees -100 degrees ) to postoperative 120 degrees (range 95 degrees -130 degrees ). The average extremity lengthening was 3.4 cm (range 2.0-4.5 cm). 19 location of osteotomy showed good union. There were no infection and recurrent @entity174 and @entity85 . CONCLUSION: The @entity14953 can correct Shepherd's @entity85 , prevent recurrent @entity174 , and restore alignment, thus improve functioning of limb. The intramedullary nail with neck cross pinning should be the first consideration of internal fixation. Massive impaction allograft is the key technique to improve full incorporation of allograft and to prevent pathological @entity174 .

title: @entity14953 combined with intramedullary nail for Shepherd's @entity85 in XXXX : 14 femurs with a minimum of 4 years follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['monostotic disease', 'polyostotic disease']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity14953 :: ('MESH:D060906', 'Disease') :: ['valgus osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['progression of deformity', 'crook deformity']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrous dysplasia']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to describe the chain of survival in Amsterdam and its surroundings and to suggest areas for improvement. To ensure accurate data, collection was made by research personnel during the resuscitation, according to the Utstein recommendations. Between June 1, 1995 and August 1, 1997 all consecutive @entity1167 were registered. @entity1 characteristics, resuscitation characteristics and time intervals were analyzed in relation to survival. From the 1046 arrests with a cardiac etiology and where resuscitation was attempted, 918 cases were not witnessed by EMS personnel. The analysis focussed on these 918 @entity1 of whom 686 (75%) died during resuscitation, 148 (16%) died during hospital admission and 84 @entity1 (9%) survived to hospital discharge. @entity1 and resuscitation characteristics associated with survival were: age, VF as initial rhythm, witnessed arrest and bystander CPR. EMS arrival time was significantly shorter for survivors (median 9 min) compared to non-survivors (median 11 min). In 151 cases the police was also alerted and arrived 5 min (median) earlier than EMS personnel. Using the OPC/CPC good functional health was observed in 50% of the survivors and moderate performance in 29%. All links in the chain of survival must be strengthened, but equipping the police with semi-automatic defibrillators may be the most useful intervention to improve survival.

title: Out-of-hospital XXXX in Amsterdam and its surrounding areas: results from the Amsterdam resuscitation study (ARREST) in 'Utstein' style.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrests']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrests']


abstract: The infralimbic (IL) cortex is importantly involved in regulating behavioral and physiological responses to stress, including those of the @entity2339 . The mesocortical @entity935 (DA) system is an important afferent modulator of this region, is highly stress sensitive and frequently shows functional hemispheric asymmetry. Postnatal handling stimulation facilitates development of cortical asymmetry and is also associated with optimal @entity2339 regulation. The present study examines the poorly understood role of the mesocortical DA system in regulating @entity2339 function in adult @entity35 which were handled (H) or nonhandled (NH) postnatally. In the first experiment, unilateral intra-IL cortex injection of the DA (D1/D2) antagonist @entity8878 into either hemisphere significantly exaggerated the restraint stress-induced increases in plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone and @entity2819 in NH @entity35 . In @entity5698 , the same effect was lateralized to the right IL cortex. In a second experiment, post mortem neurochemical analysis of DAergic measures in the IL cortex was conducted in H and NH animals following either acute or repeated (5 times) restraint stress. DAergic measures in the right IL cortex were significantly correlated with reduced stress hormone activation in both H and NH @entity35 , especially in repeatedly restrained @entity35 . However, while @entity5698 showed a significant rightward shift in DA metabolism with repeated stress experience, NH @entity35 shifted DA metabolism to the left. It is suggested that, during stress, mesocortical DA release normally acts in an adaptive, negative feedback capacity preventing excessive HPA activation and, with repeated stress, the right IL cortex is particularly important in this capacity. As well, the selective enhancement of DA metabolism in the right IL cortex of @entity5698 may underlie, in part, their typically superior ability to adapt to stress and constrain HPA activity.

title: Mesocortical @entity935 and XXXX regulation: role of laterality and early environment.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity8878 :: ('MESH:D005475', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-flupenthixol']

answer: @entity2339 :: (MESH:D007029,Disease) :: ['HPA axis']


abstract: There are numerous types of @entity4503 . Recent findings suggest that various BAV types represent different pathophysiological substrates on the aortic media level. Data imply that the BAV type is probably not related to location and extent of the @entity439 . However, BAV type is likely linked to the severity of @entity2333 . Some BAVs with raphe seem more aggressive than BAV without a raphe. Cusp fusion pattern, altered hemodynamics, and the qualitative severity of the disease in the aortic media might on the one hand share the same substrate. On the other hand, the aortopathy's longitudinal extent and location may represent a different pathophysiological substrate, probably dictated by the heritable aspects of @entity4503 . The exact nature of the relation between BAV type and the @entity439 's location and extent as well as to the risk of @entity2333 remains unclear. This paper reviews results of recent @entity1 and experimental studies on the significance of BAV types for local @entity2333 and location and extent of the aortopathy. We describe the known and hypothesized hemodynamic and hereditary factors that may result in aortic @entity439 formation in BAV @entity1 .

title: Pathophysiological implications of different XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4503 :: ('MESH:C562388', 'Disease') :: ['bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) configurations', 'BAV disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic media disease', 'aortic complications']

answer: @entity4503 :: (MESH:C562388,Disease) :: ['bicuspid aortic valve configurations']


abstract: Despite their good appetite, many females with @entity6694 ( @entity6694 ) meet the criteria for moderate to severe @entity3147 . Although feeding difficulties may play a part in this, other constitutional factors such as altered metabolic processes are suspected. Irregular breathing is a common clinical feature, leading to chronic @entity3945 or @entity520 . We assumed that these changes in intracellular pH cause disturbances in the metabolic equilibrium, with important nutritional consequences. The study population consisted of a group of thirteen well-defined @entity6694 @entity1 with extended clinical, molecular and neurophysiological assessments. Despite normal levels of total dietary energy and protein intakes, @entity3147 was confirmed based on significantly low fat-free mass index (FFMI) values. Biochemical screening of multiple metabolic pathways showed significantly elevated plasma @entity908 concentrations and increased urinary @entity908 / @entity1011 ratio in five @entity6694 @entity1 . Four @entity1 , 10 years and older, were forceful breathers, one 13-year-old @entity1 had an undetermined cardiorespiratory phenotype. An isolated increase of the urinary @entity908 / @entity1011 ratio was seen in two @entity1 , a 9-year old forceful and a 4-year old feeble breather. Given that the young @entity1 are feeble breathers and the older @entity1 are forceful breathers, it is impossible to determine whether the elevated @entity908 concentrations are due to increasing age or cardiorespiratory phenotype. Furthermore, @entity8251 deficiency may cause epigenetic aberrations affecting the expression of the @entity908 -transporter gene, which is located at Xq28. Further studies are required to confirm these findings and to provide greater insight into the pathogenesis of the abnormal @entity908 metabolism in @entity6694 .

title: Altered carbon dioxide metabolism and XXXX abnormalities in rett syndrome.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity6694 :: ('MESH:D015518', 'Disease') :: ['RTT', 'Rett syndrome']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3945 :: ('MESH:D000472', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory alkalosis']

answer: @entity908 :: (MESH:D003401,Chemical) :: ['creatine']


abstract: This study in 716 @entity694 @entity1 evaluates if a combined instead of a single marker analysis of mismatch repair (MMR) status and thymidylate synthase (TS) expression could individualize the treatment decision. The results indicate that a combined analysis of MMR status and TS expression can improve prediction of response to adjuvant @entity1487 ( @entity1487 )-based chemotherapy in @entity5 . BACKGROUND: @entity694 with @entity5527 and @entity258 expression has been associated with an improved prognosis. Data also indicate that MMR proficient @entity694 with high TS expression has a better response to adjuvant @entity1487 -based chemotherapy. This study evaluates if a combined analysis of MMR status and TS expression in @entity694 can add prognostic value and better predict response to adjuvant @entity1487 -based chemotherapy. The potential relationship between MMR status and TS expression is also investigated. @entity1 AND METHODS: This study includes a subgroup of 716 @entity1 with @entity694 out of 2224 stage II and stage III @entity14 @entity1 enrolled in Nordic trials randomized to surgery alone or surgery plus adjuvant @entity1487 -based chemotherapy. After immunohistochemical analysis of @entity5 MMR status and TS expression the @entity1 were divided into 4 groups. RESULTS: There was a nonsignificant difference in overall survival between group 1 ( @entity1 with @entity5527 with @entity258 ) and group 4 ( @entity1 with proficient MMR @entity5 expressing high TS). When comparing group 1 and group 4 @entity1 treated with surgery alone a trend to better overall survival was found in group 1, @entity39295 . In group 4, stage III @entity1 had a significantly improved survival when receiving adjuvant @entity1487 -based chemotherapy compared with surgery alone, P=.01. No relationship was found between MMR status and TS expression. CONCLUSIONS: A combined instead of a single marker analysis of MMR status and TS expression can improve the prediction of response to @entity1487 -based chemotherapy in @entity5 .

title: A combined analysis of mismatch repair status and thymidylate synthase expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III colon cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5527 :: ('MESH:C536928', 'Disease') :: ['deficient MMR tumors', 'mismatch repair deficiency']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colon cancer', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage II and III colon cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our purpose was to document the nature and progression of @entity75 in @entity168 , a @entity2315 , with MR imaging. METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 aged 1 month to 43 years underwent 26 brain MR examinations. In 10 examinations, signal intensity was measured and compared with that of healthy volunteers of comparable ages. RESULTS: MR images of a 1-month-old asymptomatic @entity1 showed no pathology. In all other @entity1 , abnormal signal intensity was found: on T2-weighted images, the cerebral white matter had a higher signal intensity than the gray matter, except in the internal capsules. In six @entity1 , the white matter was homogeneous on all images. In four @entity1 , the periventricular white matter showed a somewhat lower signal intensity; in five @entity1 , a higher signal intensity. In the peripheral cerebral white matter, the measured signal intensity remained at a high level throughout life. No abnormalities were seen in the cerebellar white matter. @entity3202 , if present, were relatively mild but were found even in the cerebellum and brain stem. The corpus callosum was always thin. CONCLUSION: In @entity168 , the cerebral myelination process is defective. In some @entity1 , a centrifugally progressive destructive process is also seen in the cerebral white matter. Better myelination in seen in @entity1 with milder clinical symptoms.

title: XXXX in @entity168 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal storage disorder']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity168 :: ('MESH:D029461', 'Disease') :: ['Salla disease']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['Atrophic changes']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Brain involvement']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2941 is a rare benign @entity253 mostly presenting during childhood. Adult presentation is rare and associated @entity66 are common. This paper aims to review the management of adult @entity1 who presented to our institution with @entity2941 , focusing on their presentation, preoperative investigations, surgical treatment given and postoperative course. METHODS: A retrospective review of all our @entity2941 @entity1 from January 2000 to August 2004 was performed. Data collected included demographics and clinical information. RESULTS: There were ten @entity1 , eight female (80 percent) and two male (20 percent). The average age at presentation was 38.6 (range 16-81) years. The commonest presenting complaints were @entity253 (nine out of ten, 90 percent). There were seven Type I (70 percent), one @entity3480 (10 percent), one type IVB (10 percent) and one (10 percent) with @entity13550 . Two @entity1 had concomitant @entity201 (20 percent). Three @entity1 had associated cystolithiasis and one @entity1 had @entity788 . One @entity1 had @entity82 due to her disease. Six @entity1 underwent total cyst excision with a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. One @entity1 who previously had a biliary bypass underwent further resection of her cyst and Whipple's operation because of development of @entity201 in the distal remnant cyst. They are currently well with no surgical complications. The average length of follow-up was 16 months (range six months to three years). CONCLUSION: Adult @entity1 with @entity2941 have associated biliary problems such as the presence of @entity201 , cystolithiasis, @entity2679 and @entity1575 with @entity101 . They tend to present similar to @entity253 . The best surgical option for these @entity1 is a total cyst excision together with a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy.

title: Management of adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['early cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diseases and complications']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2941 :: ('MESH:D015529', 'Disease') :: ['Choledochal cyst', 'choledochal cyst']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity13550 :: ('MESH:D016767', 'Disease') :: ["Caroli's disease"]

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary disease', 'obstructive biliary disease']

answer: @entity2941 :: (MESH:D015529,Disease) :: ['choledochal cyst']


abstract: Nine @entity1 with extensive bilateral hepatic metastases of @entity14 were treated with hepatic artery ligation and continuous infusion of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ). Silastic catheters were inserted into the hepatic artery at laparotomy, and continuous perfusion was effected by a Sigmamotor pump. There was no operative mortality or morbidity, and @entity137 was acceptable. Dosage averaged 10 mg/kg/day and average time of infusion was sixty-three days. Liver function returned to preoperative values within two weeks in all @entity1 , and four @entity1 had improvement of preoperative liver function for three to six months after perfusion. Two @entity1 had palpable regressions that lasted five months or more, and one @entity1 had a slight palpable @entity2357 for two months. Five who are dead had a mean survival of 10.4 months after therapy, with a median survival of 11.5 months. Eight of the nine @entity1 had significant clinical improvement following treatment. Seven @entity1 with irresectable primary @entity96 were treated with continuous @entity1487 infusion. A Silastic catheter was placed at @entity99 . @entity99 was not performed. There was no operative mortality or morbidity. Dosage averaged 10 mg/kg/day and the average time of infusion was 140 days. Significant clinical improvement was noted in six of the seven @entity1 although this did not correlate with improvement of hepatic function. All six responding @entity1 are still living (mean survival, 14 months). Prolongation of life with hepatic artery infusion of @entity1487 has been significantly better than with any previously reported chemotherapy for this disease.

title: Hepatic artery ligation and XXXX infusion for metastatic colon carcinoma and primary hepatoma.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug toxicity']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['regression']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Ligation of the hepatic artery', 'laparotomy into the hepatic artery via the gastroduodenal artery']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of submucous infiltrations of @entity1667 and @entity3303 into the vulvar vestibule for the treatment of @entity25207 . STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-two @entity1 were referred for @entity25207 . @entity1667 and @entity3303 were injected into the vulvar vestibule once a week for three weeks at decreasing doses (1, 0.5, 0.3 mL). Follow-up was performed monthly for three months, then at six and nine months. Fourteen @entity1 have had 12 months and 5 @entity1 , 24 months of follow-up. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 (68%) responded favorably to the treatment, seven (32%) with @entity2048 and eight (36%) with a marked improvement. Seven @entity1 (32%) failed to respond in spite of a fourth dose (0.3 mL) given after 30 days. No relapse was observed at nine months' follow-up, while a further 0.5 mL infiltration followed by quick remission of symptoms was needed after one year in five @entity1 . Five @entity1 completed the 24 months' follow-up, with no need for further treatment. CONCLUSION: Submucous infiltration allows @entity1667 to be deposited in the submucosa, the site of the inflammatory reaction, while the depot formulation allows gradual and prolonged release of the drug. Seven @entity1 (32%) failed to respond, suggesting either that they had a kind of @entity25207 where @entity32 is less remarkable or failure of the infiltrated drug to become adequately diffused.

title: Treatment of @entity25207 with submucous infiltrations of XXXX and @entity3303 . An alternative approach.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone', 'Methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity25207 :: ('MESH:D054515', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar vestibulitis', 'vulvar vestibulitis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['absence of symptoms']

answer: @entity1667 :: (MESH:D008775,Chemical) :: ['methylprednisolone']


abstract: It is often suggested but never proven that atrial function is not affected during @entity956 , nor after its conversion to normal sinus rhythm. To evaluate this hypothesis, a prospective study was performed in 22 @entity1 (age range 20 to 88 years) with @entity956 . Diastolic transmitral flow was analyzed with echo-Doppler before and after conversion. After randomization, conversion was attempted with overdrive pacing or up to two 50 J shocks. If the initial method was unsuccessful, a 200 J shock was administered. All @entity1 were converted to sinus rhythm with this protocol. Shortly after conversion (at 1 and 6 hours), atrial contribution to ventricular filling was absent in 4 of 22 @entity1 . In the remaining 18 @entity1 , atrial contribution to ventricular filling was small. Atrial contribution to transmitral flow improved from 20 to 27% within 24 hours (p < 0.01) and increased further to 38% at 6 weeks (p < 0.005). Peak velocity of late diastolic filling increased from 0.28 m/s after 1 hour to 0.39 m/s after 24 hours (p < 0.0001) and improved even further during later follow-up. In 1 @entity1 , an effective atrial systole was not observed until the 14th day. Cardiac output did not change significantly during the study period. No differences were observed between the conversion modalities. In conclusion, @entity409 is present immediately after conversion of @entity956 . This dysfunction occurs also after overdrive pacing and can last > 1 week. The findings suggest that stasis in the atria can remain temporarily present after successful conversion of @entity956 .

title: Delayed restoration of atrial function after conversion of XXXX by pacing or electrical cardioversion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['atrial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter to normal sinus rhythm', 'atrial flutter', 'atrial flutter to sinus rhythm']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['atrial flutter']


abstract: The development of novel therapeutic strategies is imperative for the treatment of advanced @entity5 like @entity43 and @entity11 , which are resistant to most traditional treatment modalities. In this regard, adenoviral (Ad) @entity5 gene therapy is a promising approach. However, the gene delivery efficiency of @entity1 serotype 5 recombinant adenoviruses ( @entity11650 ) in @entity5 gene therapy clinical trials to date has been limited, mainly due to the paucity of the primary @entity11650 receptor, the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), on @entity1 @entity5 cells. To circumvent @entity9504 , @entity11650 vectors have been retargeted by creating chimeric fibers possessing the knob domains of alternate @entity1 Ad serotypes. Recently, more radical modifications based on 'xenotype' knob switching with non- @entity1 adenovirus have been exploited. Herein, we present the characterization of a novel vector derived from a recombinant @entity11650 vector containing the @entity3895 serotype 1 ( @entity3895 -1) knob (Ad5Luc1-CK1), the tropism of which has not been previously described. We compared the function of this vector with our other chimeric viruses displaying the @entity3895 -2 knob (Ad5Luc1-CK2) and Ad3 knob ( @entity11650 /3Luc1). Our data demonstrate that the @entity3895 -1 knob can alter @entity11650 tropism through the use of a CAR-independent entry pathway distinct from that of both Ad5Luc1-CK2 and @entity11650 /3-Luc1. In fact, the gene transfer efficiency of this novel vector in @entity43 cell lines, and more importantly in @entity1 @entity43 primary tissue slice samples, was superior relative to all other vectors applied in this study. Thus, @entity3895 -1 knob xenotype gene transfer represents a viable means to achieve enhanced transduction of @entity9504 .

title: A @entity1 adenoviral vector with a chimeric fiber from @entity3895 type 1 results in novel expanded tropism for XXXX gene therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity9504 :: ('MESH:D000257', 'Disease') :: ['CAR deficiency', 'low-CAR tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3895 :: ('10537', 'Species') :: ['canine adenovirus', 'CAV']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obtaining informed consent for a @entity1 's participation in a randomized trial of treatment for use in a medical emergency may be achieved in a variety of ways. We sought to assess the process of consent and to evaluate the influence of the @entity1 's @entity51 on the method used to obtain consent in the first 300 @entity1 recruited into the Third International @entity64 Trial (IST-3). METHODS: IST-3 is the first large-scale randomized controlled trial of intravenous thrombolysis in acute @entity64 . The clinician could use one of four procedures to recruit the @entity1 : written consent, witnessed consent, assent, or a waiver of consent. The @entity1 's @entity51 were recorded at baseline. We analysed the relationship between the @entity51 at baseline and the consent procedure. RESULTS: The method of consent used was written consent in 71 subjects (24%), witnessed verbal consent in 30 subjects (10%), assent by a relative in 197 subjects (66%), and waiver of consent in 2 subjects (1%). @entity1 with severe @entity51 (as measured either by their @entity64 or their lower predicted probability of being alive and independent at 6 months) were more likely to be recruited by assent. @entity1 able to give written consent had less severe @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with non-lacunar @entity64 or with a more severe @entity51 were less likely to give written consent. Excluding such @entity1 from @entity64 treatment trials would eliminate many otherwise eligible subjects, who have a poor predicted outcome without treatment and yet might benefit from acute treatments such as thrombolysis. Flexible consent procedures developed for IST-3 have made it feasible to recruit the target population.

title: Impact of @entity64 and @entity64 severity on the process of consent in the Third International XXXX Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits', 'neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke syndrome', 'hemispheric stroke syndromes', 'strokes', 'ischaemic stroke', 'Stroke', 'acute stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Historically, sub-Saharan Africa has reported low levels of @entity65 ( @entity65 ). However as these populations undergo epidemiological transition, this may change. METHODS: This was an observational cohort study performed at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital in Soweto, South Africa. As part of the Heart of Soweto study, a clinical registry captured detailed clinical data on all de novo cases of @entity299 presenting to the Cardiology unit during the period 2006 to 2008. We examined fasting lipid profiles in 2 182 @entity1 (of 5 328 total cases) according to self-reported ethnicity. The study cohort comprised 1 823 @entity1 of African descent (61% female, aged 56    16 years), 142 white Europeans (36% female, aged 57    13 years), 133 Indians (51% female, aged 59    12 years) and 87 of mixed ancestry (40% female, aged 56    12 years). RESULTS: Consistent with different patterns in @entity299 aetiology, there were clear differences in total @entity165 (TC), low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) and @entity1674 across ethnicities (p < 0.001): @entity1 of African descent had the lowest TC and LDL-C levels and Indians the highest. However, there were no significant differences in high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) levels between ethnicities (p = 0.20). Adjusting for age, gender and body mass index, @entity1 of African descent were significantly less likely to record a TC of > 4.5 mmol/l (OR 0.33, 95% CI: 0.25-0.41) compared to all ethnic groups (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm important blood lipid differentials according to ethnicity in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity299 in Soweto, South Africa. Such disparities in @entity65 risk factors may justify the use of specialised prevention and management protocols.

title: Different lipid profiles according to ethnicity in the Heart of Soweto study cohort of de novo presentations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease', 'structural and functional heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart disease']


abstract: A dot assay was developed for the detection of membrane receptor(s) for @entity1307 (Ep). A relatively homogeneous population of cells bearing the receptor for Ep was generated in the spleen of @entity19 made anemic with @entity7740 and crude membrane extracts were prepared from spleen cell suspensions. Aliquots of the membrane extracts were applied to microdishes of @entity12142 in a volume of 4 microliters. After free reactive sites were blocked, the microdishes were incubated for 2 h at 37 degrees C with 125I-labeled @entity1 recombinant Ep (125I-rEp), and @entity12142 bound radioactivity was determined thereafter. Reproducible curves were obtained, and a significant correlation between bound radioactivity and the amount of membrane proteins applied to the @entity12142 dishes was found. Specific binding was saturable, reaching a plateau at 2.5 nM. Binding parameters of @entity12142 -immobilized receptor were not significantly different from the values calculated using intact cells. No appreciable binding of 125I-rEp to control membranes at low Ep-receptor content was observed. Among a panel of growth factors, only unlabeled rEp was able to compete for the binding of 125I-rEp to @entity12142 -immobilized membrane proteins in a dose-dependent fashion. The technique described herein may be of use in the study of the Ep receptor and as an assay for its purification. Moreover, it may also be of general application in the study of receptor-ligand interactions.

title: A dot assay for the @entity1307 receptor using @entity1 recombinant 125I- XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity12142 :: ('CHEBI:53325', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrocellulose']

entities_list: @entity7740 :: ('MESH:C030299', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylhydrazine']

answer: @entity1307 :: (2056,Gene) :: ['erythropoietin']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the corneal @entity137 of different preparations of intraocular hyaluronidase. SDS-PAGE analysis of @entity291 testicular hyaluronidase (Wydase) and chromatographically purified hyaluronidase (Sigma) was performed. These two preparations were injected into the anterior chamber of @entity95 in amounts ranging from 1.5-150 IU (Wydase) and 1.5-300 IU (Sigma). A third set of @entity95 eyes received Wydase vehicle alone or in combination with Sigma hyaluronidase. Treated control eyes were injected with saline. Slit lamp examination and indirect ophthalmoscopy were performed preoperatively and on postoperative days 1 and 7. Light microscopy of the corneas was performed. SDS-PAGE of Wydase revealed numerous protein impurities, while Sigma demonstrated one protein band consistent with @entity1 hyaluronidase. Persistent @entity3279 , severe @entity8707 , and endothelial necrosis, were seen in the majority of eyes injected with Wydase in amounts of 50 IU and greater (n = 11). Thirty percent (30%) of the eyes injected with the Sigma preparation (n = 11) had localized corneal opacity similar to 50% of eyes injected with saline (n = 2). Of the @entity95 eyes injected with the Wydase vehicle (n = 19), 68% had toxic changes. Intracameral injection of Wydase is toxic to the @entity95 cornea in amounts of 50 IU and greater. A chromatographically purified preparation showed only transient local @entity137 . @entity137 of Wydase may be due to protein impurities and the thimerosal-containing vehicle.

title: Corneal XXXX of intraocular hyaluronidase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8707 :: ('MESH:C535679', 'Disease') :: ['anterior chamber fibrin']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: Eighty @entity1 with type 1 (insulin-dependent) @entity6 (ages 0-39 years) were consecutively recruited by the Belgian @entity6 Registry. Sera obtained at clinically diagnosed onset (i.e., before start of insulin therapy or within 7 days of initial treatment) were analyzed for total IgM concentrations and for IgM binding to fixed @entity35 splenocytes (IgM-LyAb) and permeabilized @entity35 islet cells (IgM-ICAb). Comparison of results with those in age- and sex-matched control subjects, by fluorescence-activated cell-sorter analysis, indicated greater concentrations of IgM-LyAb and IgM-ICAb in sera from the patients. IgM antibodies reacted indiscriminately with islet beta and islet endocrine non-beta cells. The prevalence of IgM-ICAb, but not of IgM-LyAB, was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in @entity1 than in the control subjects. Of the ICAb-positive @entity1 , 54% were also LyAb-positive, whereas none of the control subjects were doubly positive. IgM-ICAb and IgM-LyAb binding signals were positively correlated. Serum IgM concentrations were significantly (P less than 0.001) greater in @entity1 than in control subjects and were significantly correlated with IgM-LyAb (P less than 0.001) and IgM-ICAb (P less than 0.01). The positivity for IgM binding was not, however, merely a reflection of total IgM, because no such correlation was found in sera from seven @entity1 with @entity8057 . Clinical onset of type 1 @entity6 is apparently accompanied by increased production of IgM. The correlation between IgM concentrations and IgM binding to islet cells might reflect polyclonal activation or natural autoantibodies.

title: Increased concentrations of total IgM at clinical onset of type 1 (insulin-dependent) XXXX : correlation with IgM binding to cells. The Belgian @entity6 Registry.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity8057 :: ('MESH:D008258', 'Disease') :: ['Waldenstr  m macroglobulinemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: In this pilot study the combined use of desmopressin, which releases tissue plasminogen activator from vascular endothelium, and a low dose of streptokinase as a new thrombolytic regimen for @entity583 is proposed. Eighteen @entity1 with @entity583 were treated intravenously with 150,000 U (4 @entity1 ) or 250,000 U (14 @entity1 ) of streptokinase infused over 10 minutes, followed by 24   g of desmopressin infused over 5-10 minutes. @entity117 and beta-blockers were administered at admission, and heparin and oral anticoagulants were started at the end of the thrombolytic regimen. @entity4461 were studied before and 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes after starting thrombolytic therapy. Fifteen @entity1 (83.3%) had evidence of clinical reperfusion. Angiography was performed with a mean delay of 8.8 hours (range 1.5-22 hours) from the start of thrombolytic therapy. Fourteen @entity1 (77.8%) had patency of the @entity1188 : 10 @entity1 (55.6%) achieved TIMI grade 3, and 4 @entity1 (22%) achieved TIMI grade 2. Two @entity1 (one TIMI grade 1 and one TIMI grade 2) underwent coronary angioplasty. No @entity1 died during the in-hospital period. At 18 months follow-up, all @entity1 are alive. No major or minor bleeding was detected. The significant decline in plasma @entity2002 and in the euglobulin lysis time, and the increase in @entity2002 /fibrin degradation products, indicate a plasma lytic state. Crosslinked fibrin degradation products increased from 310 +/- 120 ng/ml to 670 +/- 310 ng/ml (p = 0.009), suggesting that fibrin digestion occurred in vivo. This pilot study provides data supporting the feasibility and efficacy of a new and more economic thrombolytic treatment of @entity583 without @entity548 complications.

title: Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose Streptokinase plus Desmopressin in Acute XXXX : A Pilot Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['Hemostatic parameters']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: A double-blind study was carried out in 65 @entity1 with seasonal @entity2490 to compare the effectiveness and tolerance of @entity9691 and @entity38206 . @entity1 were allocated at random to receive treatment for 1 week with either 60 mg @entity9691 twice daily or 2 mg @entity38206 3-times daily. Before and after treatment, @entity1 underwent RAST and skin prick tests for reactivity to pollen and those who were positive also had rhinomanometric measurements made of nasal resistance. Diary cards were used by @entity1 to record the severity of @entity8968 , rhinorrhoea, sneezing, watery, irritated and red eyes, itching of the nose, throat and eyes, and cough. Details were also kept of the frequency and severity of any side-effects. Pollen counts were taken daily during the treatment period. The results showed that both @entity9691 and @entity38206 produced good or excellent relief of the main symptoms in 78% and 73% of the @entity1 , respectively. There was no significant correlation between the pollen count and reduced symptom severity. Both drugs produced a reduction in total nasal resistance but this was not significantly different from initial values, neither was there a significant difference between treatment. @entity9691 was well tolerated and side-effects incidence was significantly lower (p less than 0.01) than in @entity1 treated with @entity38206 , particularly so with reference to drowsiness.

title: Antihistaminic treatment of allergic rhinitis: a double-blind study with XXXX versus @entity38206 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity38206 :: ('MESH:C018904', 'Chemical') :: ['dexchlorpheniramine', 'dexchlorpheniramine maleate']

entities_list: @entity9691 :: ('MESH:D016593', 'Chemical') :: ['Terfenadine', 'terfenadine']

entities_list: @entity8968 :: ('MESH:D015508', 'Disease') :: ['nasal obstruction']

answer: @entity9691 :: (MESH:D016593,Chemical) :: ['terfenadine']