abstract: According to OECD guideline 405 revised in 1987 Draize eye tests need not be performed for severely @entity146 and corrosive chemicals if results from 'well-validated alternative studies' are presented. In 1988 a validation study on alternatives to the Draize eye test was started in Germany to establish 'well-validated alternative methods' for this purpose. During database development, the last stage of the validation programme, 136 chemicals from the German chemical industry were classified in a blind trial with the 3T3 cell neutral red/kenacid blue @entity137 assay and the hen's egg chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) test using fertile @entity1573 eggs. The major goal of this stage of validation was to demonstrate the feasibility and limitations of the two alternative methods. Chemicals were, therefore, selected as representatives of chemical structural groups as well as of physicochemical and toxicological properties. In addition, some of the chemicals were chosen because they were of interest to the cosmetic and detergent industries. Draize eye testing data in vivo were provided by industry. In contrast to data from a previous interlaboratory assessment trial, it was impossible to correlate @entity137 data to the EEC classification for in vivo eye irritation. However, seven of 10 severely @entity146 chemicals (EEC labelling R-41) could be identified correctly in the HET-CAM assay, whereas test conditions of the study described here did not allow identification of @entity146 chemicals (EEC labelling R-36). The HET-CAM test is, therefore, fulfilling the criteria of a 'well-validated alternative method' according to OECD guideline 405 and should be incorporated into eye irritation testing at the earliest possible stage to reduce effectively the suffering of @entity95 in the Draize eye test. Although an 80% correct prediction of 'non-labelled' chemicals in the HET-CAM test is encouraging, for safety assessment of non-irritant chemicals, for use as cosmetic formulations, for example, both government and industry will accept an in vitro assay only if its prediction of the absence of irritant properties is 100% correct.

title: Validation study of alternatives to the Draize eye irritation test in Germany: XXXX testing and HET-CAM test with 136 industrial chemicals.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritating']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Cytotoxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical ablation for @entity955 is associated with early and late recurrence of @entity943 . Although @entity943 may be controlled with conventional treatment, late @entity943 are often highly symptomatic and relatively hard to manage with antiarrhythmic drugs and electrical cardioversion. This study explores a single-center experience with catheter ablation to treat late failures (>3 months) after surgery. METHODS: This is a prospective longitudinally designed study assessing all @entity1 who underwent surgical treatment for @entity955 as a standalone or concomitant with other procedures by multiple surgeons. All @entity1 were monitored according to the Heart Rhythm Society guidelines. RESULTS: From January 2005 to present, 400 consecutive @entity1 operated on by multiple surgeons were enrolled. The overall success rate per the Heart Rhythm Society guidelines was 87% and 84% (off antiarrhythmic drugs, 78% and 73%) at 12 and 24 months, respectively. Sixteen @entity1 (4%) were referred for electrophysiology study after the surgical procedure (15 Cox-maze III or IV, 1 pulmonary vein isolation). The average age was 61.1+/-15.2 years; the mean left atrium size was 5.1+/-0.7 cm; and the mean time to ablation was 16.9+/-10 months. In 16 @entity1 radiofrequency ablation was applied to treat the following @entity943 : 7 right @entity956 or @entity591 , 3 left @entity956 , and 5 left @entity591 . Six @entity1 required a subsequent radiofrequency ablation intervention including 4 @entity1 who required @entity2917 . The long-term success rate for the subsequent catheter ablation in these 16 @entity1 (follow-up of 42.9+/-9.8 months) determined by the rate of sinus rhythm as captured by electrocardiography was 94%. Fifty-three percent of the @entity1 (n=8) in sinus rhythm were still taking antiarrhythmic drugs; 8 @entity1 remained on @entity1229 . There was 1 late noncardiac death and no late @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: In a certain subset of @entity1 , unsuccessful surgical ablation of @entity955 may result in symptomatic @entity943 . If indicated, catheter ablation is a safe and effective intervention with a relatively high success rate. The combination of the two treatment modalities, catheter and surgical ablation, can improve the outcome even in complex @entity1 .

title: Percutaneous catheter ablation treatment of recurring XXXX after surgical ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular nodal ablations']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'atrial tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter', 'atrial flutter, 1 biatrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmia', 'atrial arrhythmias', 'early arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['atrial arrhythmias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognosis for @entity1 with locally advanced @entity0 remains poor. This study examines the pathologic evidence of response of the @entity5 and axillary nodes after preoperative chemotherapy. We sought to determine if there was a relationship between the histologic response and clinical outcome. STUDY DESIGN: Between 1987 and 1992, 36 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity0 received three cycles of chemotherapy after incisional biopsy. Modified radical mastectomy was then performed. The breast and axillary nodes were examined pathologically for therapeutic effect and a grading scale was assigned. Postoperatively, @entity1 received completion chemotherapy with the same agents used preoperatively followed by radiation therapy to the chest wall. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity5 (39 percent) showed near total therapeutic effect, five (14 percent) showed greater than 50 percent but less than total effect, 12 (33 percent) showed less than 50 percent effect, and five (14 percent) showed no effect. Nodal positivity was seen in 61 percent of the @entity1 . Overall clinical response to induction chemotherapy was seen in 86 percent of the @entity1 . There was poor correlation between clinical and pathologic response. Only 50 percent of the @entity1 with complete clinical response were pathologically free of disease. @entity1 with excellent pathologic therapeutic response had a 79 percent overall five-year survival rate compared with 34 percent for @entity5 with a lesser response. This was irrespective of nodal status. While pathologic response was critical in determining outcome, clinical response was not. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that @entity1 whose @entity5 have the best pathologic response to induction chemotherapy experience the best outcome.

title: Pathologic response to induction chemotherapy in locally advanced XXXX : a determinant of outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mammary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the breast']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the breast']


abstract: The serum concentration of fibrinogen split product D (fragment D; Fg D) is often elevated after @entity130 and @entity295 . Purified @entity1 Fg D infused into awake @entity95 causes progressive @entity882 and complement depletion, @entity358 , increased vascular permeability to albumin, and neutrophil congestion. This study demonstrates the sites of organ sequestration of platelets and neutrophils after Fg D-induced @entity649 . Washed, 51Cr-labeled @entity95 platelets were infused into control (n = 10) and Fg D-infused @entity95 (n = 10) Washed, 51Cr-labeled @entity95 neutrophils were infused into two additional @entity95 groups (control, n = 10; Fg D, n = 10). Four animals from each group were sacrificed at 2 h and six animals at 4 h postinfusion. Four biopsies from the lung, kidney, liver, heart, and spleen of each @entity95 were counted for isotope uptake. Data for like groups were analyzed by the Student's t-test. At 2 h platelets that disappear from the circulation begin to sequester in the lung, liver, kidney, and heart of Fg D-infused @entity95 (p less than 0.001). Neutrophils are not yet trapped in organ vasculature. However, 4 h postinfusion after @entity882 and complement depletion, platelets are trapped in all organs studied (P less than 0.001) Neutrophils have significantly increased in lung and liver (P less than 0.001). Platelets activated by Fg D in this model sequester before neutrophils, suggesting that the platelet membrane effects of Fg D may initiate organ failure after shock and @entity295 .

title: Platelet and neutrophil sequestration after fragment D-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary dysfunction']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['respiratory distress']


abstract: PURPOSE: Rasmussen's @entity198 (RE) is a hemispheric @entity32 resulting in progressive @entity302 , @entity1269 , and @entity73 . Controversy surrounds the most effective timing of surgery with respect to language dominance, functional status, and @entity410 outcome. We describe our experience with RE to inform treatment decisions. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed in @entity1 diagnosed with RE from 1983 to 2012. RESULTS: Thirteen consecutive cases were identified: six males and seven females with a mean age of 10.6  years (range 5-18). Nine @entity1 received immunotherapy, with transient benefit in three, treatment-associated complications in two, and no difference in their mean time to treatment (5.38 vs 6.37  years p   =   0.74) or long-term outcome. Mean follow-up was 5.6  years (range 0.58-12.25). There was no difference in outcome based on pre-operative duration of @entity410 . At last follow-up, 63  % of surgically treated @entity1 achieved @entity410 freedom, 100  % had improved @entity410 control, 90  % had improved cognitive function, 36  % stopped medication, and 63  % tapered medication. Language improved in 83  % of @entity1 with dominant disease. These findings were not associated with age at treatment. All surgical @entity1 were ambulatory at last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Hemispherotomy achieves good @entity410 control with cognitive improvement and ambulatory status post-operatively. Time to surgery and dominant disease were not associated with outcome, suggesting that hemispherotomy can be offered early or late, with expectations of good @entity410 control and functional outcome, even with dominant disease.

title: Rasmussen's XXXX : advances in management and @entity1 outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorder']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity198 :: (MESH:D004660,Disease) :: ['encephalitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The antibody response to pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in @entity1 is variable. Factors responsible for this variability have not been fully elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate whether pneumococcal carriage around the time of the first dose of 7-valent @entity1485 (PCV7) affects serotype-specific immunologic response. METHODS: Healthy 2-month old @entity1 were randomized to receive 2 (at the ages of 4 and 6 months) or 3 (at the ages of 2, 4, and 6 months) PCV7 doses and a booster dose (at the age of 12 months). Nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal specimens were obtained for culture shortly before the first PCV7 dose. Serotype-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G levels were measured at ages 2, 7, and 13 months. RESULTS: Of 545 @entity1 studied, 332 received a booster dose. The most common serotypes carried around the time of the first PCV7 dose were 6B (n = 37), 19F (n = 22), and 23F (n = 14). In carriers before the first dose, the IgG response to the carried serotype after 2 or 3 doses was significantly lower than in noncarriers. In contrast, response to the noncarried serotypes was not affected. Although all @entity1 responded to the booster dose, the response to the originally carried serotype was generally lower. CONCLUSIONS: Serotype-specific @entity6306 to PCV7 after pneumococcal carriage in @entity1 is demonstrated for the first time. This phenomenon was common, lasted for at least several months, and was only partially overcome by the 12-month booster. TRIAL REGISTRATION: isrctn.org identifier: ISRCTN28445844.

title: Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae shortly before vaccination with a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine causes serotype-specific XXXX in early infancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity6306 :: ('MESH:C566417', 'Disease') :: ['hyporesponsiveness']

answer: @entity6306 :: (MESH:C566417,Disease) :: ['hyporesponsiveness']


abstract: Thirty-three @entity3554 were karyotyped, and the results were compared with histologic features. Thirteen @entity5 had no discernible abnormality or sex chromosome loss only; nine had monosomy or structural abnormality involving only chromosome 22; and 11 had other @entity2008 with or without chromosome 22 involvement. Histologic evidence of invasion was not associated with an abnormal karyotype in the three angioblastic @entity5 examined. All seven @entity1653 had abnormal karyotypes, with monosomy 22 the most common change. Abnormal karyotypes were detected in 76% of syncytial and 55% of transitional @entity1653 . When these results were combined with those from 259 @entity3554 reported since 1987, abnormal karyotypes were detected in at least half of all histologic types. Chromosome changes secondary to those involving chromosome 22 may indicate additional areas of the genome that play a role in @entity5 progression. In the combined series, chromosome losses were most frequently observed in meningiomatous and transitional histologies; chromosomes 1, 6, 14, 18, and Y each were lost in 10 or more @entity1653 , whereas only chromosome 20 was gained at the same frequency. Structural abnormalities most frequently involved chromosome 1. These changes are distinctly different from those observed in other common @entity1313 , specifically @entity5 .

title: @entity2008 in XXXX : do they correlate with histology?

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytic neoplasms', 'tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['fibroblastic meningiomas', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3554 :: ('MESH:D008577', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal neoplasms', 'meningeal tumors']

answer: @entity3554 :: (MESH:D008577,Disease) :: ['meningeal neoplasms']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity571 ( @entity571 ) is a disease of @entity2720 and is the most common cause of @entity1118 . Viscosupplementation (VS) with hyaluronic acid (HA) is largely used for knee @entity571 therapy but the evidence for its usefulness in @entity3681 is limited. The objective of this review is to assess the efficacy of viscosupplementation treatment of @entity3681 in the current literature. METHODS: The following databases were searched: Medline (period 2006-2008), Database of Abstract on Reviews and Effectiveness and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Reference lists of relevant articles were controlled for additional references. The search terms Review, Viscosupplementation (VS), @entity571 ( @entity571 ), Hyaluronic acid (HA), Hyaluronan, @entity4023 , Ankle @entity571 , Ankle joint were used to identify all studies relating to the use of VS therapy for the @entity3681 . Methodological quality of included studies was assessed by assigning level of evidence as previously defined by the Centre for Evidence Based Medicine (CEBM). RESULT: Seven articles concerning the efficacy of a total of 275 @entity1 undergoing VS treatment for @entity3681 were included. One European study, one Taiwanese study, one Italian study, one Turkish study and three American studies with level of evidence ranging from I to IV evaluated the following products: Hyalgan, Synvisc, Supartz, Adant. CONCLUSION: Viscosupplementation is used widely in knee @entity571 and is included in the professional guidelines for treatment of the disease in this joint. The potential for treating @entity571 of the ankle joint by viscosupplementation has been suggested in the literature, however, no dosing studies have been published to date, and dosing in the ankle joint remains an area for discussion. Viscosupplementation could potentially provide an useful alternative in treating such @entity1 with painful @entity3681 .

title: Viscosupplementation in the management of XXXX : a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle OA', 'ankle osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['synovial joints']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium hyaluronate']

answer: @entity3681 :: (MESH:D016512,Disease) :: ['ankle osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Direct-current cardioversion remains the gold standard for restoration of sinus rhythm in @entity1 with @entity956 . Although an initial energy of 50 J is recommended, the optimal energy settings have not been evaluated in a large series of contemporary @entity1 . METHODS: We compared the outcome of cardioversion with 50 J versus 100 J in 330 consecutive @entity1 with @entity956 . Initial energy was based on attending physician preference. One hundred sixty @entity1 received 50 J and 170 @entity1 received 100 J. RESULTS: @entity1 in both groups did not differ significantly in age, sex, weight, body mass index, duration of the @entity943 , postoperative status, presence and type of structural @entity299 , or use of antiarrhythmic drugs. @entity1 in the 100-J group had more first shock conversion (85% vs 70%; P =. 001), fewer @entity1457 (1.2 +/- 0.5 vs 1.4 +/- 0.7; P =.001), and less induction of @entity955 (2% vs 11%; P =.002). There were no significant differences in overall restoration of sinus rhythm, cumulative energy delivered, anesthetic dose, and procedure room time. On multivariate analysis, delivery of 100 J was the strongest predictor of first shock success (odds ratio 2.6, 95% confidence interval 2.13 to 3.16; P <.001). CONCLUSION: An initial energy of 100 J is more efficient for restoration of sinus rhythm in @entity1 with @entity956 .

title: A comparison of 50-J versus 100-J shocks for direct-current cardioversion of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['total shocks']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['atrial flutter']


abstract: PURPOSE: The primary goal of this trial was to evaluate the clinical activity and the @entity137 of a combination of @entity900 and @entity3003 for @entity1 with @entity43 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty-one consecutive evaluable @entity1 with untreated stage III and @entity43 received 360 mg/m2 @entity3003 on Day 1 and 50 mg/m2 @entity900 on Day 2 administered intravenously every 28 days for six cycles. Drug doses were adjusted for hematologic @entity137 based on nadir counts during the prior therapy course. Dose levels included 300-400 mg/m2 @entity3003 and 50-75 mg/m2 @entity900 . Second-look surgery was optional. Endpoints were clinical response, surgical response, progression-free survival, and survival. RESULTS: Of 8 @entity1 with measurable disease, 3 (37.5%) had a clinical compete response, and 3 (37.5%) had a clinical partial response, for an overall clinical response rate of 75%. Of 39 @entity1 who began chemotherapy with abnormal serum levels of @entity10224 , 31 (79%) achieved normalization of @entity10224 at the completion of chemotherapy. Thirteen @entity1 underwent second-look laparotomy. Of these, 7 (54%) had a pathological compete response, and 2 (15%) had a partial response. The median progression-free survival was 14 months, and the overall median survival was 32.5 months. @entity1398 and @entity882 were the main dose-limiting @entity137 . In addition, 9 @entity1 developed grade 2 and 3 developed grade 3 @entity2167 . CONCLUSION: This regimen is very active against @entity43 . The degree of @entity2167 observed is worrisome, but such @entity137 may be ameliorated by limiting the dose of @entity900 and increasing the dose of @entity3003 .

title: Combined XXXX and @entity3003 chemotherapy for treatment of @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer', 'IV epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the decrease in chest compression depth during 30   :   2 compression-to-ventilation ratio one-handed chest compression (OHCC) in an out-of-hospital pediatric arrest setting, and whether switching hands every other cycle could maintain compression depth. METHODS: A 5-year-old @entity1 -sized manikin was used, and 50 medical students participated in the present study. First, the @entity1 performed 5   min OHCC with a 30   :   2 compression-to-ventilation ratio on the floor (baseline test). Second, the compression technique was changed from the OHCC to the two-handed chest compression when they became subjectively fatigued ( @entity5482 ). Third, the compression hand was alternated every other cycle (test 2). @entity2850 ( @entity2850 ) data were recorded using an accelerometer device. RESULTS: @entity2850 changed significantly during the baseline test (0-1   min: 44.5  5.3   mm, 1-2   min: 43.7  6.1   mm, 2-3   min: 43.4  6.5   mm, 3-4   min: 43.2  6.5   mm, and 4-5   min: 42.3  6.5   mm, P=0.012). However, no significant differences were observed during @entity5482 or test 2. The baseline @entity2850 value for the 4-5-min interval [95% confidence interval (CI), 40.5-44.2   mm] was significantly lower than those in @entity5482 (95% CI, 43.0-45.9   mm, P=0.004) and test 2 (95% CI, 42.4-45.9   mm, P=0.004). No differences in the ACDs at any interval were observed between @entity5482 and test 2. CONCLUSION: Compression depth decreased significantly after 4   min during 30   :   2 ratio OHCC. However, it was maintained by changing from the OHCC to the two-handed chest compression or by alternating compression hands every other cycle.

title: Out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation strategies using one-handed chest compression technique for XXXX suffering a cardiac arrest.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['ACD', 'Average compression depth']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between @entity9769 and @entity7612 genetic variants with respect to both blood plasma @entity1255 concentration and sperm counts. DESIGN: Polymerase chain reaction followed by specific enzymatic digestion to determine the genotype of the individuals and blood plasma @entity1255 quantification by high-performance liquid chromatography. SETTING: Research laboratory. @entity1 (S): Two hundred sixty-eight @entity1 seeking @entity249 counseling and 254 partners of @entity249 @entity1 . INTERVENTION(S): We studied three @entity9769 ( @entity21609 , @entity21610 and @entity21611 ) and two @entity7612 ( @entity21612 and @entity21613 ) single-nucleotide polymorphisms and characterized sperm parameters in both oligozoospermic and normospermic @entity1 . A cohort of 522 @entity1 was examined for this study. A subgroup of 103 @entity1 was constituted for quantification of Hcy levels. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Semen samples were collected for determinations of sperm concentration, motility, and morphology according to World Health Organization guidelines as well as for DNA isolation. Blood samples of the corresponding individuals were obtained to quantify plasma @entity1255 levels. RESULT(S): We did not observe a relationship between @entity3563 and sperm counts. The @entity9769 @entity21610 variant is associated with mild @entity3562 in blood plasma in the TT homozygous state. CONCLUSION(S): No association was found between @entity9769 / @entity7612 genetic variants and sperm counts. Although no association was observed with reduced sperm counts, the @entity9769 665TT genotype is associated with a significant increase in blood plasma @entity1255 levels.

title: Polymorphisms in XXXX and @entity7612 genes associated with blood plasma @entity1255 concentration and sperm counts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENT', 'men']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'infertile']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity3563 :: ('MESH:C566403', 'Disease') :: ['homocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhomocysteinemia']

answer: @entity9769 :: (4524,Gene) :: ['MTHFR']


abstract: Forty-two femoropopliteal-tibial bypass grafts were performed in 37 @entity1 . Autogenous vein was used in 15, a composite @entity736 ( @entity736 )-vein in 15, and PTFE in 12. Two vein grafts occluded acutely because of veins of inadequate size. Three acute occlusions of PTFE grafts were due to primary @entity715 . Whereas no late vein graft occlusions have occurred, eight of 17 composite and eight of 12 PTFE grafts have subsequently occluded. Satisfactory vein grafts do not commonly occlude unless inadequate inflow or outflow exists. Contrariwise, PTFE grafts have an inherent risk of both early and late @entity715 . Therefore, repeated thrombectomy, may be required to maintain PTFE graft patency. Seventeen thrombectomies or revisions of PTFE or composite grafts in 12 limbs have resulted in seven patent grafts, thus underlining the value of this aggressive surgical approach. Composite grafts offer little advantage over PTFE grafts. The role of anticoagulation has yet to be established.

title: Management of XXXX graft occlusions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['PTFE', 'polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Relationship between high sensitivity @entity1851 (hs-CRP), Ankle Brachial index (ABI), severity of @entity731 and risk of @entity385 has been well documented. Studies concerning the association of ABI, hs-CRP and @entity717 level in acute @entity385 are scarce. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hs-CRP, ABI and level of @entity717 in @entity64 setting. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We conducted a prospective observational study in @entity1 with acute @entity385 within 48 hours of onset. Initial ABI, hs-CRP were measured. Disability level was assessed at admission and 3 months using the modified Rankin scale (mRS) and the National Institue of Health @entity64 scale (NIHSS). Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: This study included 36 @entity1 with a mean +/-SD age of 67.8 +/- 9.3 years. Sixteen (44.4%) were male. Median NIHSS and mRS were 10 and 4 respectively. Correlation between initial ABI and hs-CRP was poor (r(s) = -0.11, p = 0.57). There was a significant negative relationship between ABI and mRS at 0 and 3 months with a correlation coefficient of -0.45 (p = 0.006) and -0.41 (p = 0.02), respectively. CONCLUSION: There was a significant inverse relationship between ABI and @entity64 . However, correlation coefficient indicated only fair agreement beyond chance. This findings suggest that ABI may be used as a clinical predictor of @entity717 level in @entity64 .

title: Relationship between ankle brachial index (ABI), high sensitivity XXXX (hs-CRP) and @entity717 level in acute @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['initial disability']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['initial stroke disability', 'acute stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abstract It is widely believed that the proper activation of @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors (NMDARs) promotes neuronal survival, whereas an excessive activation of NMDARs leads to @entity528 . NMDARs are found at both synaptic and extrasynaptic sites. One current prevailing theory proposes the dichotomy of NMDAR activity. The role of the two population receptors is mutual antagonism. The activation of synaptic NMDARs, such as synaptic activity at physiological levels, promotes neuronal survival. However, the activation of extrasynaptic NMDARs occurring during @entity64 , @entity1545 , and chronic @entity16 contributes to @entity528 . Thus, the location of NMDARs determines the neuronal fate. However, the theory is greatly challenged. Several studies suggested that synaptic NMDARs are involved in @entity528 . Recently, our work further showed that the coactivation of synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDARs contributes to @entity528 under neuronal insults. Therefore, we propose that the magnitude and duration of NMDAR activation determines the neuronal fate. More interestingly, there appears to be some subtle differences in the affinity between synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDARs, shedding light on the development of selective drugs to block extrasynaptic NMDARs.

title: XXXX receptor activity determines neuronal fate: location or number?

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage', 'neuronal death']

answer: @entity143 :: (CHEBI:6121,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze the dosimetric outcome of 3D image-guided @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) brachytherapy planning for cervical @entity5 treatment and compare dose coverage of high-risk clinical target volume ( @entity15855 ) to traditional Point A dose. Thirty-two @entity1 with stage @entity9217 -IIIB cervical @entity5 were treated using computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging-based image-guided @entity1168 brachytherapy (IGBT). Brachytherapy dose prescription was 5.0-6.0 Gy per fraction for a total 5 fractions. The @entity15855 and organs at risk (OARs) were delineated following the GYN GEC/ESTRO guidelines. Total doses for @entity15855 , OARs, Point A, and Point T from external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy were summated and normalized to a biologically equivalent dose of 2 Gy per fraction (EQD2). The total planned D90 for @entity15855 was 80-85 Gy, whereas the dose to 2 mL of bladder, rectum, and sigmoid was limited to 85 Gy, 75 Gy, and 75 Gy, respectively. The mean D90 and its standard deviation for @entity15855 was 83.2    4.3 Gy. This is significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than the mean value of the dose to Point A (78.6    4.4 Gy). The dose levels of the OARs were within acceptable limits for most @entity1 . The mean dose to 2 mL of bladder was 78.0    6.2 Gy, whereas the mean dose to rectum and sigmoid were 57.2    4.4 Gy and 66.9    6.1 Gy, respectively. Image-based 3D brachytherapy provides adequate dose coverage to @entity15855 , with acceptable dose to OARs in most @entity1 . Dose to Point A was found to be significantly lower than the D90 for @entity15855 calculated using the image-based technique. Paradigm shift from 2D point dose dosimetry to IGBT in @entity5 treatment needs advanced concept of evaluation in dosimetry with clinical outcome data about whether this approach improves local control and/or decreases @entity137 .

title: Dosimetric analysis of 3D image-guided XXXX brachytherapy planning for the treatment of cervical @entity5 : is point A-based dose prescription still valid in image-guided brachytherapy?

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'HDR cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high-dose-rate']

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['HDR']


abstract: Repair of @entity1152 is usually performed by a thoracic approach. In cases associated with a @entity4501 ( @entity4501 ) located in a high position, however, the cervical approach is a reasonable alternative. In the literature, the authors found only three @entity1 repaired by this approach. This report describes three additional cases of @entity1152 successfully repaired by the cervical approach. Three neonates with @entity1152 and @entity4501 were confirmed as having an unusually high position of the distal @entity4501 by the preoperative bronchoscopy and contrast study. The transcervical approach for repair was chosen. The skin was incised transversely at the right supraclavicular region, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the carotid sheath were retracted posterolaterally. After the division of the @entity4501 , the suture site of the @entity292 was covered by a flap of the sternothyroid muscle that was inserted between the @entity825 and the esophagus, thus avoiding opposing suture lines. These cases emphasize that pediatric surgeons should be aware of the presence of cervical @entity1152 in which distal @entity4501 is located above the clavicle, and suggest that cervical repair is feasible for the @entity1 whose distal @entity4501 moves up above the first rib on inspiration. The most reliable methods for detecting the location of the distal @entity4501 are telescopic bronchoscopy and contrast study.

title: Cervical approach for the repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['TEF', 'tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal fistula']

answer: @entity1152 :: (MESH:D004933,Disease) :: ['esophageal atresia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conflicting data exist on predictors of nodal @entity3 and their impact on survival in @entity1 with @entity788 ( @entity788 ). We aim to identify factors associated with lymph node involvement and evaluate the effect of nodal @entity3 on survival. METHODS: All @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity788 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) @entity5 registry from 1988 to 2010 were included. Predictors of lymph node involvement and disease-specific survival (DSS) were evaluated using logistic regression and Cox regression, respectively. RESULTS: @entity1 (1,915) underwent surgery for a @entity6196 (62  % nonfunctional). Nodal positivity was associated with increasing @entity5 size (p   <   0.001) and grade (p   <   0.001). Unadjusted DSS at 5  years was 81  % for N0, 74  % for Nx, and 69  % for N1, respectively, (p   <   0.001). After adjustment for @entity5 size and grade, DSS was significantly decreased in N1 @entity1 (HR 1.57; 95  % CI 1.23-1.95). For @entity1 who had at least one node examined and had low-grade @entity788 <1  cm, no nodal @entity3 were found. CONCLUSIONS: High @entity5 grade and increasing size predict nodal @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity788 . N1 status is independently associated with decreased DSS. @entity5 <1  cm may be observed or enucleated.

title: Importance of Lymph Node Involvement in XXXX : Impact on Survival and Implications for Surgical Resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors', 'PNETs']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Low-grade tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors']


abstract: In paediatric @entity4595 , there has been limited work on the relationship between disease severity as assessed by exercise limitation and high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). An observational study was performed on 36 @entity1 who completed a questionnaire, physical examination, spirometry and sputum analysis, followed by a low dose of radiation protocol chest computed tomography (CT) scan and cycle ergometry incremental exercise test. A modified Bhalla score was used to score the HRCT abnormalities. The exercise variables used to assess functional status were heart rate, @entity26 consumption, @entity26 saturations and time of exercise. The results were compared with established normal paediatric values. The median (range) age of the @entity1 was 13 yrs (10.6-17.1). Age, sex, height, weight or pubertal status were equally distributed between the @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) or non- @entity1577 @entity4595 . The @entity1 with non- @entity1577 @entity4595 had a lower median forced expiratory volume in one second % predicted than the @entity1 with @entity1577 (69% versus 76%, respectively). The distribution of @entity358 differed between the two groups. The @entity1 with @entity1577 @entity4595 had predominantly right @entity75 , and scored higher for the presence and extent of @entity4595 . Otherwise, there was no statistical difference in the overall CT score or the individual CT parameters between the groups. There was evidence of exercise limitation in both @entity1577 and non- @entity1577 @entity4595 compared to normal @entity1 . No consistent relationships were identified between the lung function parameters, HRCT findings or exercise parameters in either disease group. In this study, high resolution computed tomography features were not found to be markers of exercise capacity. As spirometry, high resolution computed tomography features and exercise testing give different information in @entity1 with @entity1577 and non- @entity1577 @entity4595 , the current authors suggest all three may be required for the comprehensive assessment of respiratory status.

title: @entity358 are not a surrogate for exercise limitation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['upper lobe disease']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity4595 :: (MESH:D001987,Disease) :: ['bronchiectasis']


abstract: Following instrumentation with pneumatic cuffs around the inferior vena cava and the descending aorta, @entity235 were studied either following differential classical conditioning or in a control state. The cuffs functioned to raise and lower blood pressure for the construction of baroreflex curves for heart rate. Conditioned @entity235 received 8 trials each day with each CS+ (tone paired with @entity812 ) and CS- (a different tone without shock). Curves were constructed from cuff inflations timed to coincide with the maximum conditioned heart rate response. These curves were constructed from data acquired during infusion of saline, @entity9966 , or @entity1169 . Comparison of these curves revealed that the CS+ shifted the curves toward higher heart rates while the CS- curve was shifted toward lower heart rates without a change in gain. The amount of shift was comparable to that of the conditioned heart rate response. This suggested that the responses were independent and additive. Neither @entity1169 nor @entity3897 eliminated this separation between the curves induced by the conditioning. These observations lead us to conclude that classically conditioned stress and baroreceptor stimulation exert independent control over heart rate that are mediated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic influences.

title: Summation of baroreflex and classically conditioned heart rate responses in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank shock']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity9966 :: ('MESH:C006649', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl atropine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the initial clinical manifestations and echocardiographic features of @entity4266 as encountered in a major cardiovascular referral center in the United States. DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective study of cases of @entity4266 diagnosed at the Mayo Clinic between January 1978 and January 1993. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In an institutional data-base search, we identified 20 @entity1 with @entity4266 . Echocardiographic, electrophysiologic, Holter monitoring, cardiac catheterization, and endomyocardial biopsy results were analyzed. The mean duration of follow-up was 7 years. RESULTS: In the 12 female and 8 male @entity1 (mean age, 30 years; range, 3 to 60), the initial manifestations of @entity4266 included @entity943 (45%), @entity712 (25%), heart murmur (10%), asymptomatic (10%), complete @entity616 (5%), and @entity944 (5%). First-order relatives were affected in 30% of the @entity1 . @entity1165 with morphologic features of @entity714 was inducible in seven of nine @entity1 . On Holter monitoring, all but 2 of 15 @entity1 studied had frequent @entity1540 (Lown grade 2 or more). @entity1560 of the myocardium was present in 7 of 13 right ventricular biopsy specimens. Inordinate @entity4266 was present in 60% of the @entity1 at first echocardiographic assessment and in two other @entity1 on follow-up assessment. Variable left ventricular involvement was noted in 50% of the cases. During the follow-up period, four @entity1 died: two died suddenly, one died of @entity712 , and one died of @entity1576 after a coronary artery bypass operation. Of the 16 living @entity1 , 8 are doing well, 3 have an implanted @entity299 , 3 are receiving antiarrhythmic agents, and 2 have undergone cardiac transplantation because of progressive @entity177 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity4266 have varied initial manifestations and a high frequency of serious cardiovascular symptoms and complications.

title: XXXX : the Mayo Clinic experience.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['Characteristic fatty infiltration']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['biventricular failure']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular ectopic activity']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity4266 :: ('MESH:D018497', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular dysplasia', 'right ventricular enlargement']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity4266 :: (MESH:D018497,Disease) :: ['Right ventricular dysplasia']


abstract: Few current studies of the effects of chronic conditions on social functioning examine the effects of disease on the role of homemaker. A major problem confronting researchers in this area is the difficulty in operationalizing dysfunction in social roles other than work roles. In this study we have developed a measure of homemaker functioning based on conceptualizing the homemaker role on two dimensions: the instrumental functions associated with meeting the physical needs of the household and the nurturant dimension concerned with meeting the expressive needs of the household. We used our measure of homemaker functioning to study the effects of @entity309 on 142 @entity1 , whether employed outside the home or not, between the ages of 21 and 65, all living with husband and/or @entity1 at the time of disease onset. The disease significantly limited both instrumental and nurturing functions associated with managing a household. The more strenuous instrumental functions were more likely to be limited, although @entity1 in our study experienced serious limitations in nurturant role functions, as well. Limitations in functioning along the nurturant dimension were surprisingly high and previously undocumented. Comparisons between @entity1 employed outside the home and those not employed found few differences between the groups in social functioning on either dimension of the homemaker role. Employed @entity1 were somewhat less physically disabled than the unemployed, but both groups of homemakers continued to assume major responsibility for homemaking. Assessing functioning in social roles other than work, and functioning in nurturant as well as instrumental areas, is especially important in evaluating the effects on @entity1 of a @entity102 such as @entity309 .

title: The impact of XXXX on the homemaker.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: The efficacy of @entity7206 and related diuretics in preventing most of the complications of @entity101 has been conclusively documented in long-term controlled trials. Among their adverse effects, @entity7206 may induce a short-term increase in serum @entity165 levels. However, the elevation returns to pretreatment levels during long-term therapy. In addition, long-term treatment with @entity7206 is not associated with an elevation of blood @entity413 levels or an increased incidence of @entity6 . Because the long-term controlled trials have shown that @entity7206 provide more protection against @entity64 than against @entity301 events, it is possible that the difference may be caused by adverse effects of the diuretics. In three of four recent trials that used low doses of @entity7206 plus @entity972 -sparing diuretics, the number of sudden @entity204 was reduced more than in other trials that used high doses of diuretics alone. A recent case-control study also found that small doses of diuretics combined with @entity972 -sparing drugs were associated with a reduced number of sudden @entity204 compared with high doses used alone. Although these results suggest that small doses reduce the risk for @entity944 more than do large doses, they cannot be regarded as conclusive. A randomized double-blind trial comparing low and high doses of @entity2740 diuretics and @entity972 -sparing drugs must be done. For now, however, small doses seem prudent for treating @entity101 .

title: The efficacy and safety of diuretics in treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity7206 :: ('MESH:D049971', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazides']

entities_list: @entity2740 :: ('CHEBI:50264', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazide']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: 1. The ability of @entity398 and @entity3774 (PGF) to induce contraction in @entity840 myometrium in @entity460 -free solution was studied in an attempt to assess the extent to which intracellular @entity460 stores could be released by these two agonists. Both longitudinal and circular @entity121 were studied separately and the effects of gestational age were also examined. 2. In longitudinal strips, the responses to @entity398 and PGF in the absence of external @entity460 decreased progressively throughout gestation. Responses of circular strips to both agonists were unchanged throughout pregnancy, until day 64, when no response to PGF could be elicited. 3. Pre-treatment with high @entity972 (and normal @entity460 ) increased the responses to the agonists in @entity460 -free medium while pre-treatment with beta-adrenoceptor agonists had no effect on responses to @entity398 or PGF. 4. Responses to both agonists decreased with time in @entity460 -free solution suggesting a loss of @entity460 from stores with a half-time of 3 min. The rate of the decline in the responses was the same in both @entity121 and did not change with gestational age. 5. In the presence of @entity3740 contractions evoked by @entity398 , but not PGF, were augmented 2-3-fold. This potentiation of the response to @entity398 occurred in both @entity121 and throughout gestation. 6. Each agonist evoked only one response in @entity460 -free solution containing EGTA. The response to PGF in longitudinal strips following a challenge with @entity398 was reduced, compared with the response to PGF when applied first while the response to @entity398 in these strips was unchanged following exposure to PGF. In circular strips neither @entity398 - nor PGF-induced contractions were altered following prior exposure to the other agonist. 7. It is concluded that @entity398 and PGF operate via two distinct mechanisms to release intracellularly stored @entity460 in both longitudinal and circular components of the @entity840 myometrium and a hypothesis to explain the results is presented.

title: Gestational changes in the utilization of intracellularly stored XXXX in the myometrium of @entity840 .

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity3740 :: ('MESH:D007811', 'Chemical') :: ['lanthanum']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2 alpha']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle layers']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: A 72-year-old @entity1 underwent sigmoidectomy for sigmoid @entity694 in January 1999. Histopathological examination revealed a moderately differentiated @entity420 , tub 2, SS, ly2, v2, N1, H0, P0, M0, Stage IIIa, cur A. In March 2001, he complained of an @entity548 and underwent colonoscopy. It showed a @entity5 15 mm in diameter at the anal canal and the biopsy indicated a moderately differentiated @entity420 . This @entity5 was suspected of @entity3 from sigmoid @entity694 and transanal resection was performed in May 2001. Histopathological examination revealed a moderately differentiated @entity420 , which was the same histological type as primary sigmoid @entity694 , tub 2, A, ly2, v2, RM0. The diagnosis of anal @entity3 was made on the basis of three points. First, @entity5 was covered with anal epithelium. Secondly, there were severe lymphatic and venous involvements. Thirdly, there were no findings of other primary @entity5 . By removing anal canal @entity3 twice, inguinal lymph node @entity3 three times and lung @entity3 in each time, he survived for 11 years after a primary surgery. We reported here because it was a very interesting and rare case that the @entity1 was @entity5 -free after surgeries as many as seven times.

title: [A case of anal XXXX from sigmoid @entity694 in a long-term survivor who had repeated local excisions].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['anal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'submucosal tumor', 'cancer', 'anal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: The present study was designed to evaluate the physiological role of excitatory @entity1522 (EAAs) in the pulsatile secretion of LH and FSH. Specific antagonists for @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors and kainate/ @entity14425 (non- @entity143 ) receptors were used to achieve this aim. Adult female @entity35 (250-280 g), ovariectomized for 2 weeks, were implanted with a cannula in the third ventricle of the brain. One week later, @entity12780 (AP-5; 10 micrograms/ @entity35 ), a specific competitive @entity143 receptor antagonist; @entity10639 ( @entity10639 ; 30 nM), a selective antagonist of non- @entity143 receptors; or the same volume of saline, was injected via the third ventricle to conscious and unrestrained ovariectomized animals. Blood samples were collected from indwelling jugular catheters 20 min before and after injection and at 10-min intervals for 100 min for plasma LH and FSH determinations. The results revealed that the administration of either AP-5 or @entity10639 significantly suppressed mean as well as trough LH levels. This suppression was accompanied by a suppression of LH pulse frequency and LH pulse amplitude. AP-5 suppressed LH pulse amplitude, through LH levels, and mean LH levels to a greater degree than @entity10639 . The analysis of FSH pulses showed that AP-5 inhibited mean and trough FSH levels, and this appeared to be achieved by the suppression of FSH pulse amplitude, but not frequency. @entity10639 , on the other hand, did not significantly alter FSH pulse frequency, pulse amplitude, or trough or mean FSH levels. Taken as a whole, the present study provides evidence that endogenous EAAs, acting through both @entity143 and non- @entity143 receptors, play an important physiological role in the generation of pulsatile LH secretion in adult female @entity35 . FSH pulse frequency was not significantly affected by the administration of either EAA receptor antagonist, although AP-5 did suppress FSH pulse amplitude and mean and trough FSH levels.

title: A physiological role for @entity1024 and non- @entity1024 receptors in pulsatile gonadotropin secretion in the adult female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity14425 :: ('MESH:D016318', 'Chemical') :: ['quisqualate']

entities_list: @entity12780 :: ('CHEBI:138644', 'Chemical') :: ['2-amino-5-phosphono-pentanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity10639 :: ('MESH:C056723', 'Chemical') :: ['6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione', 'DNQX']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Down syndrome (DS) is an abnormality of the 21st chromosome that commonly occurs in @entity1 born to advanced age @entity1 . @entity6703 ( @entity6703 ) is usually collected from such @entity1 for prenatal diagnosis. This study analyzed @entity1 @entity6703 supernatants (AFS) by @entity3928 ( @entity3928 ) approach to search for candidate biomarkers of DS pregnancy. AFS were collected from advanced age pregnant @entity1 at 16-18th weeks of gestation by amniocentesis for cytogenetic analysis. AFS from pregnancies carrying DS (n=4) or chromosomally normal (n=6) fetuses, as revealed by cytogenetic analysis, were then subjected to global protein profiling by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI- @entity3928 / @entity3928 ). Affinity chromatography was applied prior to LC-ESI- @entity3928 / @entity3928 to minimize the masking effect of highly abundant albumin and immunoglobulin and thereby, increased the diversity of identified proteins. Hereby, at least 30 AFS proteins were newly identified and 44 AFS proteins were found to be differentially expressed between DS and normal cases. Six of these proteins were unique to DS cases while 11 proteins were unique to chromosomally normal cases. In addition, 19 AFS proteins were down-regulated and 8 were up-regulated in DS cases with varying fold changes. A western blot analysis confirmed the LC-ESI- @entity3928 / @entity3928 data that combined detection of @entity3294 ( @entity3294 ) and @entity160 ( @entity160 ) could be a potential tool for diagnosing DS cases.

title: Comparative proteomic analysis of XXXX amniotic fluid supernatants with Down syndrome using mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['mass spectrometric', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity6703 :: ('MESH:D004619', 'Disease') :: ['Amniotic fluid', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity3294 :: ('336', 'Gene') :: ['Apolipoprotein A-II', 'apo A-II']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity7191 ( @entity7192 ) is a nonspecific immune adjuvant thought to affect the macrophage. @entity7192 had been used safely without immunosuppressive or toxic side effects in our laboratory and others. Endotoxin, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is thought to be responsible for many of the systemic toxic effects of gram-negative @entity281 . @entity10222 potentiates the lethal effects of endotoxin, an effect attributed to increased hepatotoxicity involving both hepatocytes and Kupffer macrophages. This study was undertaken to examine putative mechanism of action of @entity7192 relating to the reticuloendothelial system. Endotoxin was given intraperitoneally to susceptible @entity19 that were pretreated with @entity7192 , @entity10222 , or both, and to unmodified controls. @entity10222 significantly enhanced lethality due to LPS, but pretreatment with @entity7192 did not alter mortality. @entity505 clearance was measured in @entity19 treated with @entity7192 , lead, or both. There was no difference in the phagocytic index of control @entity19 and those @entity19 treated with @entity10222 at various times prior to the injection. @entity505 clearance increased significantly in @entity19 pretreated with @entity7192 but was unaltered by the addition of @entity10222 . We conclude that if hyperphagocytosis of endotoxin occurs in @entity7192 -pretreated @entity19 , it does not cause additional mortality. @entity7191 appeared to be a safe reticuloendothelial stimulant that did not enhance the @entity137 of lead or LPS in this experimental model.

title: Effects of @entity7191 and @entity10222 on @entity505 clearance and endotoxin-induced mortality in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity10222 :: ('MESH:C008261', 'Chemical') :: ['Lead acetate', 'lead acetate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity7191 :: ('MESH:D000119', 'Chemical') :: ['Muramyl dipeptide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: This guidance document focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ). Efficient, cost effective diagnosis of @entity1211 is facilitated by combining medical history and physical examination with pre-test probability models, D dimer testing and selective use of confirmatory imaging. Clinical prediction rules, biomarkers and imaging can be used to tailor therapy to disease severity. Anticoagulation options for acute @entity1211 include unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparin, fondaparinux and the direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). DOACs are as effective as conventional therapy with LMWH and @entity2067 antagonists. Thrombolytic therapy is reserved for massive @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) or extensive @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ). Inferior vena cava filters are reserved for @entity1 with acute @entity1211 and contraindications to anticoagulation. Retrievable filters are strongly preferred. The possibility of @entity531 and @entity1228 should be considered in @entity1 with subclavian/axillary and left common iliac vein @entity1150 , respectively in absence of identifiable triggers. The optimal duration of therapy is dictated by the presence of modifiable @entity715 risk factors. Long term anticoagulation should be considered in @entity1 with unprovoked @entity1211 as well as persistent prothrombotic risk factors such as @entity5 . Short-term therapy is sufficient for most @entity1 with @entity1211 associated with transient situational triggers such as major surgery. Biomarkers such as D dimer and risk assessment models such the Vienna risk prediction model offer the potential to customize @entity1211 therapy for the individual @entity1 . Insufficient data exist to support the integration of bleeding risk models into duration of therapy planning.

title: Guidance for the treatment of XXXX and @entity1151 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic outlet syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1228 :: ('MESH:D062108', 'Disease') :: ['May-Thurner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep vein thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To measure matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) suspected to be involved in the initiation or progression of @entity571 ( @entity571 ) in cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) explant culture media using multiplex bead technology. STUDY DESIGN: In vitro experimental study. ANIMALS: Adult @entity235 with (n=10) and without (n=10) @entity129 . METHODS: Based on clinical, radiographic, and gross evidence of @entity129 , excised CCL were classified as normal and intact (n=10) or partially torn (n=10). The ligament was excised and immediately placed in tissue culture. Culture media were sampled and replaced on days 3 and 6. @entity22307 , and 13 were quantified in explant media using a multiplexing machine that uses flow cytometry, microspheres, spectral dyes, lasers, digital signal processing, and traditional chemistry. @entity12662 concentrations were determined using a standard curve constructed from the serial dilution of positive controls. Media MMP concentrations comparing the type of ligament and the time frame were analyzed using a Mann-Whitney rank sum test. RESULTS: Media exposed to intact ligaments had >3 times the amount of @entity11798 than for partially torn ligaments on day 6 (P=.006). Media exposed to intact ligaments also had significantly higher levels of @entity22308 than for partially torn ligaments on day 3 (P=.035) and on day 6 (P=.05). CONCLUSIONS: MMP multiplexing is a reliable, cost-effective, efficient, and sample-sparing method of MMP quantification. @entity11798 , 3, 9, and 13 are released from CCL explants exposed to culture media and can be detected using multiplex bead technology. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: CCL remnants exposed to the intra-articular environment may release degradative enzymes in vivo similar to that demonstrated in this in vitro study. Because MMPs are known to be involved in the initiation and progression of @entity571 , debridement of these remnants as a component of treatment for cruciate disease in @entity235 deserves consideration.

title: Detection and evaluation of matrix metalloproteinases involved in cruciate ligament disease in XXXX using multiplex bead technology.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['CCL deficiency']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: @entity18723 ( @entity18723 ) can be vertically transmitted resulting in @entity2241 with or without clinical signs and lesions. The primary objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of intrauterine @entity18723 infection in clinically normal newborn piglets in conventional pork production facilities. Five commercial breeding herds located in the U.S. and Mexico were included in the study. A total of 125 sows and 3-5 neonatal piglets per sow were arbitrarily selected. Blood and colostrum samples were collected from sows. Blood was collected from piglets prior to suckling. All samples were analyzed for the presence of anti-PCV2 IgG antibodies and presence and amount of @entity18723 DNA. In addition, @entity18723 DNA positive samples were further subtyped into @entity18723 a and @entity18723 b. All (125/125) sow colostrum samples and 96.8% (121/125) of the sow serum samples and 21.4% (107/499) of the piglet pre-suckle serum samples were positive for anti-PCV2 IgG antibody. The overall @entity18723 DNA prevalence was 47.2% (59/125) in sow serum, 40.8% (51/125) in sow colostrum, and 39.9% (199/499) in pre-suckle piglet serum. In the @entity18723 DNA positive samples, @entity18723 b was detected at a higher frequency (69.5% for sow serum, 84.3% for sow colostrum, and 74.4% for piglet serum) compared to @entity18723 a (18.6% for sow serum, 9.8% for sow colostrum, and 15.6% for piglet serum). Concurrent @entity18723 a and @entity18723 b infection was detected in 11.9% of the sow serum, in 5.9% of the colostrum samples, and in 10.0% of the piglet serum samples. In conclusion, an unexpectedly high prevalence of @entity18723 @entity646 was detected in healthy sows (serum and colostrum) and their pre-suckle piglets in the five breeding herds investigated and @entity18723 b was more prevalent than @entity18723 a. This information adds to the knowledge of @entity18723 infection in breeding herds.

title: High prevalence of porcine circovirus XXXX in newborn piglets in five clinically normal swine breeding herds in North America.

entities_list: @entity18723 :: ('85708', 'Species') :: ['Porcine circovirus type 2', 'PCV2']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal infection']

answer: @entity646 :: (MESH:D014766,Disease) :: ['viremia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The groin hernia repair is one of the common operations in general surgery. The optimum repair method is under debate and the best mode of repair is yet to be decided. This study is conducted to compare the results of open non-mesh (Modified Bassini's) and Lichtenstein's mesh repair of primary @entity169 in terms of recurrence, @entity260 and quality of life in the long-term. METHODS: This retrospective comparative analytical study includes 840 @entity1 of which 40 @entity1 were excluded from the study due to various reasons. The remaining 800 @entity1 with unilateral primary @entity169 , above 16 years of age, operated during January 2000 to December 2007 in a teaching hospital are included in the study. Of the total number, 392 @entity1 (49%) underwent Lichtenstein mesh repair, while remaining 408 @entity1 (51%) were operated by modified Bassini's suture technique. Follow up was conducted 1, 5, 8 and 15 days; 1, 2, 6, 24 and 36 months. RESULTS: The recurrence rate and @entity282 were significantly low in Lichtenstein mesh repair compared to open non-mesh repair by modified Bassini's technique (p < 0.001). Recurrence occurred in 8 (2.0%) out of 392 @entity1 those with Lichtenstein mesh repair. On the other hand 29 (7.1%) @entity1 with Bassini's repair reported recurrence within 3 years time. CONCLUSION: Mesh repair of @entity169 is much superior to non-mesh repair in terms of recurrence and postoperative @entity1118 .

title: A comparative analysis between non-mesh (Bassini's) and mesh (Lichtenstein) repair of primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity6867 gene polymorphisms can influence @entity14 ( @entity14 ) risk. We aimed to determine the extent to which @entity6867 gene polymorphisms influence the survival of @entity1 with sporadic @entity14 . METHODS: Seventy @entity1 with sporadic @entity14 that underwent surgery at the 3rd Surgical Department of Cluj-Napoca between October 2003-May 2005 were randomly selected. Correlations between @entity6867 *5C( @entity6868 ), @entity6867 *5A( @entity6869 ), @entity6867 *6B( @entity6870 ), @entity6867 *7B( @entity6871 ) polymorphisms and survival of @entity1 with different Dukes-MAC stages of @entity14 were analyzed. We compared @entity1 with a slow acetylator genotype with those having an intermediate or rapid acetylator genotype. RESULTS: The slow acetylator 341CC genotype is a negative prognostic factor, 20% vs. 30.8%, as compared to rapid acetylator 341TT/TC genotypes (p=0.02) in the @entity1 diagnosed with stage C @entity14 . For the same stage @entity1 , the slow acetylator 481CC was a positive prognostic factor, 33% vs. 25% (p=0.03). The slow acetylator 590AA was a negative prognostic factor for the survival of @entity1 with stages B and C, 0% vs. 31% (p=0.02). The slow acetylator 857AA genotype was a negative prognostic factor for the @entity1 in stage B, survival rate 0.69% vs. 50%, and positive for @entity1 with stage C, survival rate 50% vs. 21% (p=0.0101). The rapid acetylator 341TT/TC represented a good prognostic factor, while the slow 341CC a negative one for stage D @entity1 (p= 0.04, survival of 18.9%) HR=0.30 with 95%, CI[0.025- 0.9810]. CONCLUSION: The @entity6867 gene may be considered as a prognostic factor for the survival of @entity1 with @entity14 .

title: @entity6867 polymorphisms and sporadic XXXX survival.

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: The distribution of @entity12217 ( @entity12217 ) and @entity20658 ( @entity20658 ) was investigated immunocytochemically in @entity35 at various time intervals after 10 min @entity2806 ( @entity2806 ) induced by @entity1167 . Strong @entity12217 and weaker @entity20658 immunoreactivity was found extracellularly in multiple deposits located close to the microvessels. These deposits appeared 3 h after @entity2806 and were present, but not in all the animals, at all time intervals studied post-GCL. In some @entity35 , @entity12217 immunoreactivity was also found in small @entity39 foci. Widespread, neuronal @entity12217 immunostaining appeared 6 h post- @entity2806 . However, the strongest neuronal @entity12217 immunoreactivity was found 7 days post- @entity2806 in those neurons, most often observed in the @entity1249 hippocampal region, exhibiting signs of @entity2806 . These ischemically damaged neurons displayed weaker immunoreactivity to @entity20658 , despite its increase in the response to @entity2806 in the various brain regions examined. Our data show that mechanisms operating in @entity63 are able to supply large amounts of @entity12217 and @entity20658 to the brain tissue and suggest involvement of both @entity12217 and @entity20658 in a complex series of events occurring in the @entity63 brain. Perivascular deposits of @entity12217 / @entity20658 colocalized with amyloid beta protein precursor epitopes that have been disclosed by us previously in this model. Whether this phenomenon is limited to postischemic brain tissue, or can be encountered also in other pathological conditions will require further elaboration.

title: Complete XXXX with short-term survival in @entity35 induced by @entity1167 . II. Extracellular and intracellular accumulation of apolipoproteins E and J in the brain.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['global cerebral ischemia', 'GCI', 'ischemic cell damage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Performance status (PS) scoring systems are tools of immense clinical importance in the management of @entity1 with @entity5 but these tools are subjective and do not provide an objective evaluation of physical functioning. We conducted a pilot study to explore the feasibility and clinical utility of functional capacity testing to assess physical functioning in recurrent primary @entity11 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Using a cross-sectional design, consecutive @entity1 with recurrent @entity11 performed a six minute walk (6MW) test to assess functional capacity. Performance status was assessed using Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scoring system. QOL was assessed by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain scale. Self-reported exercise behavior was assessed using the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ). RESULTS: A total of 171 @entity1 were recruited and tested. Seventy percent were diagnosed with @entity463 multiforme (WHO grade IV) and 85% were undergoing therapy. Median KPS was 90% (range, 70-100%). Median 6MW distance was 400 m (range, 102-630 m), equivalent to 56 +/- 13% (range, 14-87%) of that predicted for age and sex. KPS, self-reported exercise, and QOL increased across 6MW distance quartiles (P < 0.05) although there was considerable variation within each category. 6MW distance and KPS were significantly correlated with each other (r = 0.34, P < 0.01) and several QOL domains (range, r = -0.43 to 0.46, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: 6MW distance is a clinically feasible tool that provides an objective measure of physical functioning in select @entity1 with recurrent @entity11 . Further research is required to investigate the prognostic value of these tests in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 .

title: Assessment of physical functioning in recurrent XXXX : preliminary comparison of performance status to functional capacity testing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease', 'malignancy']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) which have self-renewal and multiple differentiation potential in vitro play important roles in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. However, long-term culture in vitro leads to senescence which results in the growth arrest and reduction of differentiation. In this study, MSC derived from @entity1 bone-marrow (BM-MSC) and umbilical cord (UC-MSC) were cultured in vitro lasted to senescence. Senescence and apoptosis detection showed that the senescent cells increased significantly but the increase of apoptosis was not significant in the long term culture. Senescence related genes @entity986 , @entity3544 and @entity876 increased gradually in BM-MSC. However, @entity986 and @entity876 reduced and then increased but with the gradual increase of @entity3544 in UC-MSC. Adipogenic differentiation decreased whereas the propensity for osteogenic differentiation increased in senescent MSC. Real time RT-PCR demonstrated that both @entity6863 and @entity6864 decreased in senescent BM-MSC. However, in UC-MSC, @entity6864 decreased but @entity6863 increased in late phase compared to early phase. The study demonstrated @entity3544 was important in the senescence of BM-MSC and UC-MSC. @entity6863 and @entity6864 could regulate the balance of adipogenic differentiation in BM-MSC but only @entity6864 not @entity6863 was involved in the adipogenic differentiation in UC-MSC.

title: Replicative senescence of XXXX bone marrow and umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells and their differentiation to adipocytes and osteoblasts.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy for efficacy in treating @entity1290 . DESIGN: Non-randomised multicentre cohort study with 3 month follow up and 13 month data collection period. SETTING: Lithotripter centre in London, tertiary referral hospital, and urological clinics in several secondary and tertiary care centres. @entity1 : 933 of 1001 @entity1 treated by lithotripsy at the lithotripter centre were compared with 195 treated by nephrolithotomy. Missing @entity1 were due to incomplete collection of data. Age and sex distributions and characteristics of the stones were similar in the two treatment groups. Two @entity1 died in the lithotripsy group. Three month follow up was achieved in about 84% of both groups (783/933 for lithotripsy; 163/195 for nephrolithotomy). INTERVENTIONS: The nephrolithotomy group had surgical nephrolithotomy alone. In the lithotripsy group 83% (774/933) had lithotripsy alone, 11% (103/933) had combined lithotripsy and nephrolithotomy, and 6% (56/933) had lithotripsy plus ureteroscopy. Single and combined lithotripter treatments were analysed as one group and compared with nephrolithotomy. END POINT: Presence of stones three months after treatment. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Presence of residual stones was assessed by plain radiography, ultrasonography, or intravenous urography. After adjustment for age and size and position of stone for @entity1 with single stones the likelihood of being free of stones three months after treatment was significantly greater in the nephrolithotomy group than the lithotripsy group (odds ratio 6.6; 95% confidence interval 3.0 to 14.6) and the response was particularly pronounced with staghorn calculi (62% (8/13) v 15% (141/96) @entity1 free of stones after nephrolithotomy and lithotripsy, respectively). OTHER FINDINGS: 19%(146/775) of @entity1 who had had lithotripsy had to be readmitted within three months after treatment compared with 14%(23/162) who had nephrolithotomy; and 64%(94/146) of readmissions after lithotripsy were for complications compared with 30%(7/23) of readmissions after nephrolithotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Nephrolithotomy may be preferable to lithotripsy for treating @entity1290 and it may not be wise to invest heavily in lithotripsy facilities.

title: Clinical comparison of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy in treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal stones', 'renal calculi']

answer: @entity1290 :: (MESH:D007669,Disease) :: ['renal calculi']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little evidence exists on change in diet quality and weight change. OBJECTIVES: We examined the association between change of diet quality indexes and concurrent weight change over 20 y. METHODS: In this analysis we followed 50,603 @entity1 in the @entity283 ( @entity283 ), 22,973 @entity1 in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS) between 1986 and 2006, and 72,495 younger @entity1 from the @entity283 II ( @entity283 II) between 1989 and 2007. Diet was measured every 4 y. We computed the Alternate Mediterranean Diet, the Alternate Health Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), and the Dietary Approaches to Stop @entity101 adherence scores for each @entity1 . All scores emphasize fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and nuts, but they differ in score range and components such as dairy, @entity1372 , and sweetened beverages. Regression models were used to examine 4-y changes in these scores and weight change within the same period, adjusting for lifestyle factors. RESULTS: Mean age at baseline was 49.4 y for @entity283 , 48.0 y for HPFS, and 36.3 y for @entity283 II. Baseline BMI (in kg/m(2)) was similar (23.7 for @entity283 , 24.7 for HPFS, and 23.0 for @entity283 II). We observed significantly less @entity1017 over 4-y periods with each SD increase of each diet quality score in both @entity1 and @entity1 . Results were significantly stronger in the younger cohort ( @entity283 II) than in the older cohorts (e.g., -0.67 kg less @entity1017 in @entity283 II vs. -0.39 kg in @entity283 for each SD increase in AHEI-2010; P-heterogeneity: <0.001). Improvement of any of the diet scores benefited overweight (-0.27 to -1.08 kg less @entity1017 for each SD increase in score) more than normal-weight individuals (-0.10 to -0.40 kg; P-interaction: <0.001). CONCLUSION: Improvement of diet quality is associated with less @entity1017 , especially in younger @entity1 or overweight individuals.

title: Long-Term Change in Diet Quality Is Associated with Body Weight Change in @entity1 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'participant', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ["Nurses' Health Study", 'NHS']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity344 ( @entity344 ) are common in @entity1 . Diagnosis of these conditions is based on the pediatric Rome criteria. In the past, we have shown that there was low inter-rater reliability (IRR) among pediatric gastroenterologists using the Rome II criteria. Since then, a new version of the criteria has been issued. The reliability of the Rome III criteria has not been established. METHODS: A total of 10 pediatric gastroenterologist specialists and 10 pediatric gastroenterology fellows were provided with 20 clinical vignettes and a list of 17 possible diagnoses (all pediatric categories of the Rome criteria plus "none of the above" or "not enough information") and instructed to select one or more diagnosis for each vignette. RESULTS: The average percentage of agreement among the raters was 50% for the pediatric gastroenterologists and 45% for the pediatric gastroenterology fellows. The inter-rater percentage of agreement per clinical case was >50% in only 7 out of 20 (35%) vignettes for the gastroenterologists and only 6 out of 20 (30%) cases for the fellows. The inter-rater percentage of agreement was <25% in 2 out of 20 (10%) vignettes for the gastroenterologists and 4 out of 20 (20%) vignettes for the fellows. The k coefficient was 0.45 for the specialists (P<0.0001) and 0.39 for the fellows (P<0.0001). In a subanalysis of the groups of @entity158 and @entity1142 , the inter-rater percentage of agreement per clinical case ranged between 27 and 100% (mean 57%, k=0.37, P<0.0001) for the gastroenterologists and between 36 and 80% (mean 52%, k=0.33, P<0.0001) for the fellows in the @entity1142 subgroup. The inter-rater percentage of agreement per clinical case for the @entity158 subgroup ranged between 22 and 80% (mean 48%, k=0.36, P<0.0001) for the gastroenterologists and 22 and 62% (mean 39%, k=0.29, P<0.0001) for the fellows in the @entity158 subgroup. The k coefficient for specialists with expertise in @entity344 was 0.37 (P<0.0001) and for those with expertise in other gastroenterology conditions was 0.53 (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The IRR among pediatric gastroenterologists and fellows was found to be fair to moderate for the Rome III criteria. Only slight to fair agreement between raters existed for important subcategories of @entity158 and @entity1142 . The results from our current study are almost similar to that of the IRR study done for the Rome II criteria. This indicates the need for further refinement of the Rome criteria to make them more encompassing and user friendly.

title: How reliable are the Rome III criteria for the assessment of functional @entity344 in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation-related disorders', 'constipation']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['FGIDs', 'Functional gastrointestinal disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of @entity1223 -releasing molecule-2 ( @entity15275 ) on barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After pre-incubation with @entity15275 for 1 hour, cultured intestinal epithelial IEC-6 cells were stimulated with 50   g/ml lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Cytokines levels in culture medium were detected using ELISA kits. Trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TER) of IEC-6 cell monolayers in Transwells were measured with a Millipore electric resistance system (ERS-2; Millipore) and calculated as   /cm2 at different time points after LPS treatment. The permeability changes were also measured using @entity2823 -dextran. The levels of tight junction (TJ) proteins ( @entity659 and ZO-1) and myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation were detected using Western blotting with specific antibodies. The subsequent structural changes of TJ were visualized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS: @entity15275 significantly reduced LPS-induced secretion of @entity1505 and @entity3426 . The LPS-induced decrease of TER and increase of permeability to FITC-dextran were inhibited by @entity15275 in a concentration dependent manner (P<0.05). LPS-induced reduction of tight junction proteins and increase of MLC phosphorylation were also attenuated. In LPS-treated cells, TEM showed diminished electron-dense material and interruption of TJ and desmosomes between the apical lateral margins of adjoining cells, which were prevented by @entity15275 treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that @entity15275 , as a novel CO-releasing molecule, has ability to protect the barrier function of LPS-stimulated intestinal epithelial cells. Inhibition of inflammatory cytokines release, restoration of TJ proteins and suppression of MLC phosphorylation are among the protective effects of @entity15275 .

title: Protective effects of XXXX -releasing molecule-2 on the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

answer: @entity1223 :: (MESH:D002248,Chemical) :: ['carbon monoxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transplant @entity453 ( @entity2974 ) is the principal long-term complication in cardiac transplant recipients. The mediators responsible for vascular proliferation and vasoconstriction typical of @entity2974 remain largely unknown. We tested whether @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ), a potent vasoconstrictor and mitogen, contributes to the pathogenesis and manifestations of @entity2974 . METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity11344 , an @entity2232 receptor-A antagonist, was infused into a coronary artery (40 nmol/min for 60 minutes) of 18 subjects, 6 + or - 4 years after transplantation. Vasomotor responses were measured in the infused artery and in a noninfused control artery in @entity1 with (n=10) and without (n=8) advanced @entity2974 (108 total coronary segments). Changes in diameters were compared at 15-minute intervals up to 60 minutes. Contribution of @entity2232 to coronary constrictor tone was assessed by comparing vasodilation from @entity11344 with that of the maximal vasodilator @entity1242 (200-microg intracoronary bolus). @entity11344 dilated coronary arteries of transplanted @entity1 (8.4% at 60 minutes versus -0.4% in noninfused arteries, P<0.001). Dilation was greater for arteries with advanced @entity2974 defined as diameter stenosis > or = 15% (dilation 15.2% with versus 0.6% without advanced @entity2974 , P=0.004). Judged against the response to @entity1242 , @entity2232 accounted for 53.2% of coronary tone in advanced @entity2974 but only 12.9% without advanced @entity2974 . CONCLUSIONS: This study shows for the first time in @entity1 that @entity2232 is an important mediator of coronary vasoconstriction in @entity2974 and accounts for >50% of the increased vasomotor tone. Therapeutic targeting of @entity2232 may retard the development of @entity2974 .

title: @entity2232 is a key mediator of coronary vasoconstriction in @entity1 with transplant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary arteriosclerosis']


abstract: We studied how the release of @entity112 and @entity1672 (PGD2) were connected in stimulated @entity35 peritoneal mast cells, and to what extent these processes were controlled by the cytosolic @entity141 concentration, [ @entity141 ]i, and protein @entity669 kinases. In the presence of 1 mM @entity3282 , the G-protein activating compound 48/80 (10 micrograms/ml) evoked a transient rise in [ @entity141 ]i and a relatively high secretion of @entity112 , but only a low release of PGD2. In contrast, 5 microM @entity2426 (an inhibitor of endomembrane @entity141 -ATPases) and 5 microM @entity1360 evoked high and prolonged rises in [ @entity141 ]i, and stimulated the cells to release relatively small amounts of @entity112 and high amounts of PGD2. Stimulation of the cells with @entity3282 and 10 microM ATP4- gave only minor quantities of @entity112 and PGD2, despite of the micromolar level of [ @entity141 ]i reached. When @entity3282 was replaced by @entity4527 , rises in [ @entity141 ]i as well as release of @entity112 and PGD2 were reduced with each agonist, but the preference of agonists to release more @entity112 or PGD2 remained unchanged. In mast cells with depleted @entity141 stores, the addition of @entity3282 stimulated the store-regulated @entity141 entry resulting in a prolonged rise in [ @entity141 ]i. However, simultaneous addition of compound 48/80 and @entity3282 was required for release of @entity112 and PGD2. In cells with full stores, PGD2 release evoked by compound 48/80 was greatly reduced by @entity670 and @entity10913 , two structurally unrelated inhibitors of protein @entity669 kinases, whereas @entity112 secretion was not influenced by these inhibitors. Similarly, with @entity2426 or @entity1360 as agonist, PGD2 release was more sensitive to the @entity669 kinase inhibitors than @entity112 secretion. We conclude that in activated @entity35 peritoneal mast cells: (i) the influx of extracellular @entity141 potentiates agonist-evoked rises in [ @entity141 ]i as well as @entity112 secretion and PGD2 release; (ii) the amplitude of the [ @entity141 ]i rise does not determine the preferential effect of agonists to release more @entity112 or more PGD2; (iii) the relatively high PGD2 release evoked by @entity2426 and @entity1360 is probably due to their potency to evoke a prolonged rise in [ @entity141 ]i and to activate protein @entity669 kinases.

title: Differential release of @entity112 and XXXX in @entity35 peritoneal mast cells: roles of cytosolic calcium and protein @entity669 kinases.

entities_list: @entity1672 :: ('MESH:D015230', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin D2']

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity10913 :: ('MESH:C067472', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl-2,5-dihydroxycinnamate']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1672 :: (MESH:D015230,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin D2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although the use of thromboprophylaxis is recommended for acutely ill medical @entity1 at increased risk of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ), it remains unclear which risk assessment model ( @entity17898 ) should be routinely used to identify at-risk @entity1 requiring thromboprophylaxis. We therefore aimed to describe existing RAMs, and to compare these tools in terms of validity and applicability for clinical decision-making. We performed a comprehensive systematic search in MEDLINE from the date of initiation until May 2016 for studies in acutely ill medical @entity1 investigating validity of RAMs for @entity1211 . Two reviewers independently screened the title, abstract, and full text, and evaluated the characteristics of studies, and the composition, evidence of validation, and results on validity of the RAMs. We included 11 studies assessing eight RAMs: 4-Element @entity17898 , Caprini @entity17898 , a full logistic model, Geneva risk score, @entity17898 , Kucher Model, a "Multivariable Model", and Padua Prediction Score. The 4-Element @entity17898 , @entity17898 , multivariable model, and full logistic model had derivation by identifying factors with predictive power. The other four RAMs were empirically generated based on consensus guidelines, published data, and clinical expertise. The Kucher Model, the Padua Prediction Score, the Geneva Risk Score and the @entity17898 underwent multicenter external validation. The Kucher Model, the Padua Prediction Score, and the Geneva Risk Score improved rates of thromboprophylaxis or clinical outcomes. In conclusion, existing RAMs to evaluate the need of thromboprophylaxis in acutely ill medical @entity1 are difficult to compare and none fulfills the criteria of an ideal @entity17898 . Nevertheless, the adequacy of thromboprophylaxis may be improved by implementing one of the validated RAMs.

title: Risk assessment models for @entity1211 in acutely ill medical XXXX . A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']