abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether routine imaging using grey-scale ultrasound, pulse and color Doppler flow, endovaginal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide information that significantly helps determine therapy in @entity1 with nonmetastatic @entity1469 . STUDY DESIGN: A literature search was performed to seek all publications in English and German that reported on investigations of imaging by ultrasound and MRI in @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity3567 without evidence of @entity3 . Studies performed to make a diagnosis of hydatidiform mole were excluded. Included were studies that investigated the clinical usefulness and efficacy of these imaging methods in the diagnosis of invasive mole as a visual confirmation of the diagnosis based on @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity3566 ) and histology. Furthermore, the usefulness and efficiency of imaging in determining the effectiveness of chemotherapy were investigated. RESULTS: Analysis of these reports showed that lesions are detectable by imaging modalities at relatively high levels of @entity3566 but may not be visualized at lower levels of @entity3566 , when chemotherapy is nevertheless indicated and the diagnosis of @entity5 is fully justified. Moreover, @entity75 have been observed by MRI in @entity1 who subsequently achieved spontaneous resolution of their disease without chemotherapy. At lower levels of @entity3566 (< 700 mIU/mL), intramyometrial lesions may not be visualized by either ultrasound or MRI. @entity854 may persist with resolution of the @entity5 . Thus, the sensitivity of either method is no better than 70% and the specificity is even lower. CONCLUSION: Weekly serial levels of serum @entity3566 remain the most accurate, reliable and definitive arbiter of treatment management. Pelvic ultrasound or MRI need not be an integral part of pretreatment assessment. Imaging techniques are expensive yet not decisive in managing nonmetastatic trophoblastic disease. This finding applies to nonmetastatic disease only. With @entity3 , ultrasound, MRI and computed tomography do play an integral role in diagnosis, staging and management.

title: Nonmetastatic XXXX . Role of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['myometrial lesions']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic disease']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Myometrial abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity3567 :: ('MESH:D014328', 'Disease') :: ['trophoblastic tumor']

answer: @entity1469 :: (MESH:D031901,Disease) :: ['gestational trophoblastic neoplasia']


abstract: The presence of @entity5 thrombus secondary to inferior vena caval extension from @entity703 carries the threat of @entity2 embolus. In theory, safe prophylaxis could be accomplished by placement of a Greenfield filter in the suprarenal vena cava, which has been accomplished without complication. We treated 6 @entity1 with @entity703 and extensive @entity5 thrombus of the vena cava with suprarenal filter placement as an adjunct to thrombectomy and nephrectomy. Clinically all 6 @entity1 have done well. However, the over-all rate of vena caval @entity715 or occlusion associated with infrarenal filter placement is 3 to 5%. To investigate the potential risk to renal function if a vena caval occlusion occurred above a solitary kidney shortly after unilateral nephrectomy, we performed suprarenal inferior vena caval ligations after unilateral nephrectomy in 10 @entity235 . A total of 6 @entity235 suffered persistent @entity177 and 3 of these 6 died of @entity5507 . Of 4 @entity235 who underwent suprarenal inferior vena caval ligation only 1 (25%) had persistent compromise of renal function. A total of 2 @entity235 underwent unilateral nephrectomy only without compromise of normal renal function. We conclude that the risk of total vena caval occlusion after suprarenal Greenfield filter placement is small. However, should it occur in the setting of recent nephrectomy there is potential for significant renal morbidity. In selected @entity1 this risk may be offset by the potential benefits that the filter offers in terms of protection against @entity5 and/or bland @entity358 . Further clinical experience will be needed to strengthen and clarify the indications and benefits of preoperative or intraoperative filter placement as reported.

title: Suprarenal Greenfield filter placement to prevent @entity358 in @entity1 with vena caval XXXX thrombi.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tumor']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['loss of renal function']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolus']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal call carcinoma', 'renal carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The cytochrome P-450IIE1 ( @entity11920 ) isozyme activates several toxins and procarcinogens. Recent studies employing immunohistochemical and immuno-analysis techniques have shown that this isozyme is predominantly localized in the pericentral zone of the liver acinus. Experiments were conducted to evaluate whether microsomes isolated from the pericentral region of the liver display elevated catalytic activity towards effective substrates for @entity11920 such as @entity1232 ( @entity1233 ) as compared with periportal microsomes. @entity35 were treated with @entity12905 to induce @entity11920 and hepatocytes prepared from periportal or pericentral zones of the livers by the @entity11040 -collagenase procedure. Microsomes isolated from these hepatocytes had similar total P-450 contents; however, the microsomes from the pericentral hepatocytes displayed an increased @entity3733 binding spectrum suggesting an increased content of @entity11920 . Low Km @entity1233 demethylase activity (but not high Km activity) as well as the oxidation of @entity9308 and @entity11921 were 2- to 3-fold higher in pericentral compared to periportal microsomes. The oxidation of @entity1233 by both microsomal preparations, as well as the increased rates obtained with the pericentral microsomes, was sensitive to inhibition by @entity1223 as well as to other @entity11920 substrates such as @entity1068 , @entity12905 , or @entity7084 . Anti- @entity11920 IgG inhibited the oxidation of @entity1233 by both microsomal preparations 75% to 85% and prevented most of the increase found with the pericentral microsomes. Oxidation of @entity9308 and @entity11921 was elevated in pericentral hepatocytes compared with periportal hepatocytes to the same extent as in the isolated microsomes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Increased oxidation of @entity1232 in pericentral microsomes after XXXX induction of cytochrome P-4502E1.

entities_list: @entity11921 :: ('MESH:C024836', 'Chemical') :: ['p-nitrophenol']

entities_list: @entity11040 :: ('MESH:D004072', 'Chemical') :: ['digitonin']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity7084 :: ('MESH:C010238', 'Chemical') :: ['4-methylpyrazole']

entities_list: @entity1232 :: ('MESH:D004128', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylnitrosamine']

answer: @entity12905 :: (MESH:C031280,Chemical) :: ['pyrazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lipoproteins and their subfractions are associated with the incidence of @entity731 . In @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ), low serum concentrations of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and high low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are correlated to @entity583 and @entity65 . There is growing evidence indicating that those lipoprotein factors are related to the inflammatory process in atherogenesis. METHODS: We investigated in a median follow up of 3.9 years the association of HDL, @entity1675 ( @entity1675 ), LDL, @entity755 ( @entity755 ), and @entity1674 with the incidence of a combined endpoint ( @entity583 and @entity65 ) and their relation to markers of @entity32 in 1298 @entity1 with angiographically documented @entity453 . RESULTS: In univariate analysis, serum concentrations of @entity1675 were significantly and inversely related to the combined endpoint, whereas serum concentrations of LDL, @entity755 , and @entity1674 were not. HDL was not significantly related to the endpoint in univariate analyses (p=0.057). Multivariate analyses showed that only @entity1675 is an independent predictor. @entity1675 (and HDL) was significantly related to markers of @entity32 . CONCLUSION: Serum @entity1675 levels were an independent predictor for fatal and non-fatal @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity453 . This may be related to its anti-inflammatory effect.

title: Prognostic value of lipoproteins and their relation to inflammatory markers among @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apoB', 'apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['ApoA-I', 'apoA-I', 'apolipoprotein A-I']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic diseases']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death', 'cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: @entity2994 in macaca monkeys ( @entity5434 ) was produced by dye laser photocoagulation, and observed histopathologically from five days to one year after photocoagulation. Ten days later, retinal @entity4 and @entity548 observed at an early stage gradually decreased. Two weeks later, capillary bed closure areas were observed in @entity941 angiography. The capillary closure was not reversible when disturbance of the retinal circulation continued for more than three or four days after photocoagulation. Three months later, dry retina was observed in the capillary bed closure areas. One year later, the retina was severely degenerated and thinned. In these retinal areas, capillary lumens observed microscopically were occluded by cellular components. Sheathing of large veins was observed in these retinal areas. The walls of these large veins were thick and fell into @entity528 . Their lumens were narrowed or obstructed. During the period of observation, @entity2479 was not observed.

title: [Experimental XXXX . 4. Pathological changes in the middle and late stage].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal branch vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['hyaline degeneration']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['retinal branch vein occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty has been proposed as an alternative to open surgical commissurotomy for the treatment of @entity4794 . METHODS: We enrolled 60 @entity1 with severe @entity4794 and favorable valvular anatomy in a prospective, randomized trial comparing the two procedures. All @entity1 underwent cardiac catheterization before the procedure and one week, six months, and three years thereafter. Hemodynamic data were analyzed by investigators who were blinded to the @entity1 ' treatment assignments. RESULTS: Mitral-valve areas improved initially in both groups, from a mean (+/- SD) of 0.9 +/- 0.3 cm2 to 2.1 +/- 0.6 cm2 in the @entity661 (30 @entity1 ; P < 0.01) and from 0.9 +/- 0.3 cm2 to 2.0 +/- 0.6 cm2 in the surgical group (30 @entity1 ; P < 0.001). Although improvement was maintained in both groups, mitral-valve areas were greater in the @entity1 in the @entity661 at three years (2.4 +/- 0.6 cm2, vs. 1.8 +/- 0.4 cm2 in the surgery group, P < 0.001). @entity256 occurred in three @entity1 in the @entity661 and four in the surgery group. One @entity1 in the @entity661 died of an apparent @entity64 after 2.5 years; four @entity1 in the @entity661 had residual @entity118 , and three @entity1 (two in the @entity661 and one in the surgery group) were judged to have severe @entity339 . Seventy-two percent of the @entity1 who underwent balloon valvuloplasty and 57 percent of the surgically treated @entity1 were in New York Heart Association functional class I (i.e., they had no cardiovascular symptoms) at three years. No @entity1 was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of @entity4794 , balloon valvuloplasty and open surgical commissurotomy have comparable initial results and low rates of restenosis, and both produce good functional capacity for at least three years. The potential complications associated with balloon valvuloplasty should be noted. The better hemodynamic results at three years, lower cost, and elimination of the need for thoracotomy suggest that balloon valvuloplasty should be considered for all @entity1 with favorable mitral-valve anatomy.

title: XXXX compared with open surgical commissurotomy for @entity4794 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['Restenosis']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['balloon-valvuloplasty group']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic mitral-valve stenosis', 'mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defects']

answer: @entity661 :: (MESH:D054549,Disease) :: ['Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to determine the accuracy of right ventricular (RV) @entity6475 ( @entity6475 ) in  predicting @entity296 in @entity1 with severe @entity712 ( @entity712 ) undergoing heart transplantation. BACKGROUND: RVLS plays a key role in the evaluation of its systolic performance and clinical outcome in @entity1 with refractory @entity712 . METHODS: We studied 27 @entity1 with severe systolic @entity712 (ejection fraction   <=25% and New York Heart Association functional class III to IV, despite full medical therapy and cardiac resynchronization therapy) using echocardiography before heart transplantation. RV free wall @entity6475 , right atrial @entity6475 , sphericity index (SI), and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) were all measured. Upon removal of the heart, from the myocardial histologic analysis, the ratio of the fibrotic to the total sample area determined the extent of @entity82 (%). RESULTS: @entity296 correlated with RV free wall @entity6475 (r  = 0.80; p  < 0.0001), SI (r  = 0.42; p  = 0.01) and VO2 max (r  = -0.41; p  = 0.03), with a poor correlation with TAPSE (r  = -0.34; p  = 0.05) and right atrial @entity6475 (r  = -0.37; p  =  0.03). Stepwise multivariate analysis showed that RV free wall @entity6475 (b  = 0.701, p  < 0.0001) was independently associated with RV @entity82 (overall model R(2)  = 0.64, p  < 0.0001). RV free wall @entity6475 was the main determinant of @entity296 . In the subgroup of @entity1 with severe RV @entity82 , RV free wall @entity6475 had the highest diagnostic accuracy for detecting severe @entity296 (area under the curve  = 0.87; 95% confidence interval: 0.80 to 0.94). CONCLUSIONS: In late-stage @entity712 @entity1 , the right ventricle is enlarged, with reduced systolic function due to significant @entity296 . RV free wall @entity296 is the most accurate functional measure that correlates with the extent of @entity296 and functional capacity.

title: RV Longitudinal Deformation Correlates With @entity296 in @entity1 With  End-Stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['RV myocardial fibrosis', 'myocardial fibrosis', 'myocardial deformation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal strain', 'LS']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart  Failure']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine, in medical @entity1 who received mechanical ventilation, the frequency and types of major unexpected diagnoses at autopsy that, if known before @entity204 , would probably have led to improved survival (class I errors) or substantively changed management but not survival (class IIB errors). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Six medical intensive care units in a Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study. @entity1 : One hundred seventy-two autopsied @entity1 of the 401 veterans who received mechanical ventilation and died in the hospital. RESULTS: The class I error rate was 12%. Abdominal pathologic conditions--abscesses, bowel perforations, or @entity1188 --were as frequent as @entity1151 as a cause of class I errors. While @entity1 with abdominal pathologic conditions generally complained of @entity490 , results of examination of the abdomen were considered unremarkable in most @entity1 , and the symptom was not pursued. Six percent of @entity1 had extensive @entity5 (class IIB errors). CONCLUSIONS: Atypical presentation of potentially treatable abdominal pathologic conditions is a common cause of class I errors in veterans who receive mechanical ventilation. Conversely, several @entity1 with unrecognized terminal conditions underwent intensive intervention. If the information gained at autopsy had been known before @entity204 , management would have probably changed substantively in 18% of @entity1 .

title: Treatable abdominal pathologic conditions and unsuspected XXXX at autopsy in veterans who received mechanical ventilation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emboli']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant neoplasms']


abstract: The kidney is a major site of chemical excretion, which results in its propensity to exhibit chemically-induced toxicological effects at a higher rate than most other organs. Although the kidneys are often weighed in animal @entity137 studies, the manner in which these kidney weight measurements are interpreted and the value of this information in predicting @entity8 remains controversial. In this study we sought to determine whether a relationship exists between chemically-induced kidney weight changes and renal histopathological alterations. We also examined the relative utility of absolute and relative (kidney-to-body weight ratio) kidney weight in the prediction of @entity8 . For this, data extracted from oral chemical exposure studies in @entity35 performed by the National Toxicology Program were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated. Our analysis showed a statistically significant correlation between absolute, but not relative, kidney weight and renal histopathology in chemically-treated @entity35 . This positive correlation between absolute kidney weight and histopathology was observed even with compounds that statistically decreased terminal body weight. Also, changes in absolute kidney weight, which occurred at subchronic exposures, were able to predict the presence or absence of kidney histopathology at both subchronic and chronic exposures. Furthermore, most increases in absolute kidney weight reaching statistical significance (irrespective of the magnitude of change) were found to be relevant for the prediction of histopathological changes. Hence, our findings demonstrate that the evaluation of absolute kidney weight is a useful method for identifying potential renal toxicants.

title: The relationship between chemical-induced kidney weight increases and kidney histopathology in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity', 'renal damage']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As more and more hip replacement procedures are being performed, the incidence of periprosthetic @entity3330 is also growing. The aim of the study was to assess the outcomes of @entity3564 treatment with the use of the functional @entity572 ( @entity572 ). It compares the outcomes of @entity3564 treatment and prefracture treatment results obtained during follow-up outpatient consultations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved 65 @entity1 divided into the following four groups, depending on the type of the primary procedure: @entity1 with periprosthetic @entity3330 after @entity572 ; @entity1 after cemented total hip replacement; @entity1 after cementless arthroplasty; and @entity1 after revision hip arthroplasty. The types of @entity174 were classified according to the Vancouver scale. RESULTS: The @entity572 questionnaires showed a deterioration of treatment outcomes in all @entity1 from the four groups as compared with the outcomes obtained prior to the @entity174 . The most pronounced decrease in functional outcomes was observed in the group of @entity1 after hemiarthroplasty and revision hip replacement. CONCLUSIONS: 1. The outcomes of @entity3564 treatment, assessed with the @entity572 , are worse than the results obtained prior to the @entity174 . 2. Good results of @entity3564 treatment were obtained only in @entity1 with Vancouver Type B1 @entity174 . 3. The presence of co-morbidities in elderly @entity1 contributes to a poorer final result of @entity3564 treatment.

title: Outcomes of treatment of periprosthetic XXXX after total hip replacement - experience of department of orthopedics and traumatology, medical university of Warsaw.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['Harris Hip Score', 'HHS', 'hip hemiarthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fractures']

entities_list: @entity3564 :: ('MESH:D057068', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic fracture']

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['femoral fractures']


abstract: PURPOSE: The outlook for @entity1 with @entity421 who present with synchronous regional bone @entity3 ( @entity13425 @entity3 ), either in the primary bone site or transarticular, is considered to be extremely poor. This study was conducted to further investigate the prognostic implication of @entity13425 @entity3 in @entity421 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively analyzed the collected data of 1,765 consecutive @entity1 with newly diagnosed high-grade @entity79 who were registered in the neoadjuvant @entity421 Study Group studies and identified 24 @entity1 (1.4%) with unequivocally proven @entity13425 @entity3 . All 24 @entity1 were treated by an aggressive surgical approach coupled with polychemotherapy. Demographic, diagnostic, @entity5 , and treatment-related variables and response and survival data were analyzed. RESULTS: @entity13425 @entity3 were identified preoperatively in 11 of 24 @entity1 by bone scan, eight of 22 @entity1 by plain x-ray, 15 of 18 @entity1 by magnetic resonance imaging, and five of 10 @entity1 by computed tomography. A complete surgical remission (CSR) of all clinically detectable @entity5 sites was achieved in 22 of 24 @entity1 during front-line therapy. With a median follow-up time of 4.4 years (8 years for survivors) from diagnosis, 12 @entity1 were alive, all of whom were in continuous CSR. Survival did correlate with location of @entity13425 @entity3 and histologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Synchronous regional bone @entity3 are rare in @entity421 , and preoperative detection relies on appropriate diagnostic imaging. Aggressive multimodal therapy holds the promise to achieve prolonged survival, especially in @entity1 in whom these @entity3 occur within the same bone as the @entity75 and whose @entity5 respond well to chemotherapy.

title: @entity13425 XXXX in @entity421 : experience of the @entity421 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma of bone']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['Cooperative Osteosarcoma', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the clinical outcome of @entity510 ( @entity510 ) @entity1 exposed to @entity2553 ( @entity2553 )-targeted treatments in a meta-analysis and to evaluate the efficacy of intra-arterial (IA) approaches in @entity1 with severe/refractory @entity2553 . METHODS: Randomised controlled trials, prospective and retrospective observational studies reporting clinical outcomes of @entity510 @entity1 exposed to @entity2553 targeted treatments, published between 2006-2016 were searched using PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. The main endpoint was the proportion of unfavourable outcomes, defined as a modified Rankin score of 3-6 at last follow-up. RESULTS: Sixty-two studies, including 26 randomised controlled trials, were included (8,976 @entity1 ). At last follow-up 2,490 of the 8,976 @entity1 had an unfavourable outcome, including @entity204 (random-effect weighted-average, 33.7%; 99% confidence interval [CI], 28.1-39.7%; Q value, 806.0; I (2)   =   92.7%). The RR of unfavourable outcome was lower in @entity1 treated with @entity1924 (RR   =   0.46; 95% CI, 0.25-0.85; P   =   0.001; Q value, 1.5; I (2)   =   0); and in refractory @entity2553 @entity1 treated by IA intervention (RR   =   0.68; 95% CI, 0.57-0.80; P   <   0.0001; number needed to treat with IA intervention, 6.2; 95% CI, 4.3-11.2) when compared with the best available medical treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular treatment may improve the outcome of @entity1 with severe-refractory @entity2553 . Further studies are needed to confirm this result. KEY POINTS:     33.7% of @entity1 with @entity2553 following aneurysmal @entity510 have an unfavorable outcome.     Refractory @entity2553 @entity1 treated using endovascular interventions have lower relative risk of unfavourable outcome.     @entity510 @entity1 with severe @entity2553 may benefit from endovascular interventions.     The relative risk of unfavourable outcome is lower in @entity1 treated with @entity1924 .

title: Treatment of XXXX following @entity510 : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage', 'aSAH', 'subarachnoid-hemorrhage', 'Subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1924 :: ('MESH:C045645', 'Chemical') :: ['Cilostazol']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral Vasospasm', 'cerebral vasospasm', 'CVS', 'vasospasm']

answer: @entity2553 :: (MESH:D020301,Disease) :: ['cerebral vasospasm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because of its association with @entity204 and disability, @entity64 is a focus of outcomes in @entity955 ( @entity955 ) research. International Classification of @entity66 (ICD-9) edition codes are commonly used to identify @entity64 in research, particularly in large administrative data. We sought to assess the validity of ICD-9 codes in @entity64 case ascertainment and for @entity955 across 3 institutions. METHODS AND RESULTS: Participating centers included Boston Medical Center (safety net hospital), Geisinger Health System (rural Pennsylvania), and the University of Alabama ( @entity4207 center in the southeastern @entity64 belt). ICD-9 codes for @entity385 (433-434, 436) and @entity932 (430-432) identified 1812 @entity64 cases with an associated code for @entity955 (427.31) from 2006 to 2010. Cases were vetted through chart review with final adjudication by a @entity64 neurologist. Review considered 94.2% of ICD-9 identified @entity64 cases valid with decreased accuracy for concurrent @entity955 diagnosis (82.28%) and @entity64 attributable to @entity955 (72.8%). Among events with "without @entity1188 " modifiers, 7.2% were valid @entity64 . ICD-9 @entity64 code accuracy did not differ by @entity64 type or site. @entity64 code 434 displayed higher accuracy than 433 (94.4% versus 85.2%; P<0.01), and primary @entity64 codes were more accurate than nonprimary codes (97.2% versus 83.7%; P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Using ICD-9 @entity64 and @entity955 codes to identify @entity1 with @entity64 plus @entity955 resulted in inaccuracies. Given the expanded financial and policy implications of @entity1 -oriented research, conclusions derived solely from administrative data without validation of outcome events should be interpreted with caution.

title: Validity of International Classification of Disease Codes to Identify XXXX and Intracranial Hemorrhage Among Individuals With Associated Diagnosis of @entity955 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Disease-Ninth Revision']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Positive deviance methodology has been applied in the developing world to address childhood @entity3147 and has potential for application to childhood @entity28 in the United States. We hypothesized that among @entity1 at high-risk for @entity28 , evaluating normal weight @entity1 will enable identification of positive outlier behaviors and practices. METHODS: In a community at high-risk for @entity28 , a cross-sectional mixed-methods analysis was done of normal weight, overweight, and @entity28 @entity1 , classified by BMI percentile. Parents were interviewed using a semistructured format in regard to their @entity1 's general health, feeding and activity practices, and perceptions of weight. RESULTS: Interviews were conducted in 40 homes in the lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas with a largely Hispanic (87.5%) population. Demographics, including income, education, and food assistance use, did not vary between groups. Nearly all (93.8%) parents of normal weight @entity1 perceived their @entity1 to be lower than the median weight. Group differences were observed for reported juice and yogurt consumption. Differences in both emotional feeding behaviors and parents' internalization of reasons for healthy habits were identified as different between groups. CONCLUSIONS: We found subtle variations in reported feeding and activity practices by weight status among healthy @entity1 in a population at high risk for @entity28 . The behaviors and attitudes described were consistent with previous literature; however, the local strategies associated with a healthy weight are novel, potentially providing a basis for a specific intervention in this population.

title: A positive deviance approach to early childhood XXXX : cross-sectional characterization of positive outliers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that in @entity1 with sunken eyes, sagging @entity75 , bone remodeling is not limited to the orbits. Volumetric analysis of the sphenoid sinus is performed in this study. METHODS: In this university-based retrospective case-control study, the dimensions of the sphenoid sinus were measured in four @entity1 (2 males, 2 females; mean age 26.3 years, range 16-38 years) out of five individuals identified with sunken eyes, sagging @entity75 . Three measurements were taken: the distance between the orbital apices, the posterior extension of the sphenoid sinus posterior to the orbital apices, and the maximal horizontal width. The mean of each was determined and compared to that of the control group (5 males, 5 females; mean age 35.6 years, range 23-45 years). RESULTS: Posterior extension and width of the sphenoid sinus were markedly larger in the enophthalmic @entity1 than in the control group: posterior extension (26.3    4.1 mm vs 13.4    6.3 mm, P=.0015, Student's t test), width (39.2    8.7 mm vs 25.1    6.9 mm, P=.0035, Student's t test). Mean distance between the orbital apices was slightly greater (36.3    1.7 mm vs 34.1    2.1 mm, P=.047, Student's t test). CONCLUSIONS: Skull remodeling occurring in association with @entity551 after ventriculoperitoneal shunting is not limited to the orbits. In this study we have demonstrated expansion of the sphenoid sinus. This finding adds to our knowledge and understanding of the scope of the sunken eyes, sagging @entity75 and elucidates a clinically useful radiographic sign.

title: Sphenoid sinus expansion: a radiographic sign of @entity551 and the sunken eyes, sagging XXXX (an American Ophthalmological Society thesis).

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypotension']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain syndrome']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain syndrome']


abstract: @entity11003 is a solitary subcutaneous @entity5 characterized by @entity158 in about half of @entity1 with this @entity5 , and the pathogenesis of this @entity158 has been a cause of much debate. To clarify the mechanism of @entity158 and cytoskeletal property of @entity5 cells, 50 @entity11003 were studied clinicopathologically and immunohistochemically. The @entity5 occurred preferentially on the extremities, particularly the lower leg (46%), and the female to male ratio was 1.9:1. They were classified into three histological subtypes: (i) solid (30 cases); (ii) venous (15 cases); and (iii) cavernous (five cases). The @entity158 and/or tenderness were present in 26 out of 49 @entity1 (52%), in which small nerve fibers immunoreactive for @entity2281 protein and @entity5855 were identified within the capsule of 20 @entity5 (77%) and the @entity5 stroma of 18 (69%), irrespective of the histological subtypes. In 24 @entity1 where the @entity158 was absent or unknown, nerves were observed within the capsule of 19 @entity5 (79%) and @entity5 parenchyma of 10 (42%). Many cells in all 50 @entity5 were positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin, and a relatively large number of cells in many @entity5 were positive for @entity2277 , @entity2283 and collagen type IV. Also, cytokeratin (CAM5.2) reactivity was scattered in a few cells of four @entity5 . From these findings, the peculiar @entity158 could be mediated by the nerve fibers especially located within the @entity5 parenchyma. Although the expression of intermediate filaments in @entity11003 was heterogeneous, the overall cytoskeletal features were of smooth muscle cell differentiation.

title: Mechanism of @entity158 and cytoskeletal properties in XXXX : an immunohistochemical study.

entities_list: @entity11003 :: ('MESH:D018229', 'Disease') :: ['Angioleiomyoma', 'angioleiomyomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain of angioleiomyomas', 'pain']

answer: @entity11003 :: (MESH:D018229,Disease) :: ['angioleiomyomas']


abstract: Cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy is a major concern in clinical oncology, resulting in increased @entity5 growth and decreased @entity1 survival. Manipulation of apoptosis has emerged as a new therapeutic strategy to eliminate @entity5 cells. The focus of this study resides within a novel approach to target survivin, an integrator of both cell @entity204 and mitosis. This protein plays a pivotal role in the resistance of @entity5 to chemotherapy, especially to @entity1311 . The data herein demonstrate an indirect repression of survivin in both B- and @entity784 and @entity1 @entity1893 by the non-toxic @entity52936 compound, AS101 [ @entity57264 ], via inhibition of @entity5 autocrine @entity688 / @entity4104 /Survivin signaling. As a result of survivin abrogation, sensitization of @entity706 to @entity1311 or to @entity37415 , the new albumin-stabilized nanoparticle formulation of @entity1311 , occurs both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, inhibition of @entity706 cell @entity688 secretion is mediated by inactivation of the VLA-4 integrin, recently shown to be an important target of AS101. This activity is followed by inhibition of the PI3K/ @entity584 axis which mediates @entity688 suppression. Since a wide variety of @entity706 and other @entity5 types express VLA-4 and secrete @entity688 in an autocrine manner, inhibition of survivin with a small non-toxic agent has vast clinical significance in modulating chemosensitivity in many @entity5 types. Implications: Combination therapy with AS101 and @entity1311 has novel therapeutic potential targeting deregulated active pathways in @entity706 , overcoming endogenous resistance to apoptosis.

title: Sensitizing B and @entity784 cells to @entity1311 / XXXX -induced @entity204 by AS101 via inhibition of the VLA-4/ @entity688 /survivin axis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas', 'lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity57264 :: ('MESH:C054105', 'Chemical') :: ["ammonium trichloro(dioxoethylene-o,o')tellurate"]

entities_list: @entity52936 :: ('MESH:D013691', 'Chemical') :: ['tellurium']

answer: @entity37415 :: (MESH:C466458,Chemical) :: ['Abraxane']


abstract: The nuclear receptor @entity19005 acts as an intracellular @entity6741 sensor that regulates synthesis and transport of @entity3645 within their enterohepatic circulation. In addition, @entity19005 is involved in control of a variety of crucial metabolic pathways. Four @entity19005 splice variants are known, i.e. FXRa1-4. Although these isoforms show differences in spatial and temporal expression patterns as well as in transcriptional activity, the physiological relevance hereof has remained elusive. We have evaluated specific roles of hepatic FXRa2 and FXRa4 by stably expressing these isoforms using liver-specific self-complementary adeno-associated viral vectors in total body @entity19005 knock-out @entity19 . The hepatic gene expression profile of the @entity19005 knock-out @entity19 was largely normalized by both isoforms. Yet, differential effects were also apparent; FXRa2 was more effective in reducing elevated HDL levels and transrepressed hepatic expression of @entity57943 , the regulator of cholate synthesis. The latter coincided with a switch in hydrophobicity of the @entity6741 pool. Furthermore, FXRa2-transduction caused an increased neutral @entity5068 excretion compared to FXRa4 without affecting intestinal @entity165 absorption. Our data show, for the first time, that hepatic FXRa2 and FXRa4 differentially modulate @entity6741 and lipoprotein metabolism in @entity19 .

title: Hepatic Farnesoid X-Receptor Isoforms a2 and a4 Differentially Modulate XXXX and Lipoprotein Metabolism in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salt']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salts']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6741 :: (CHEBI:3098,Chemical) :: ['Bile Salt']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyze the management strategy of @entity8 . From 1990 to 2002, a total of 62 @entity1 with @entity8 were treated at our medical center. @entity359 were found in 44 female @entity1 (71.0%) and 18 male @entity1 . Of these @entity1 the age ranged from 18 to 87 y/o (mean: 46.9 y/o). Four of 8 @entity1 with @entity359 were associated with @entity2916 ( @entity2916 ). Nine (14.5%) of 62 @entity1 had got spontaneous @entity397 . However, 54.8 per cent of @entity1 were asymptomatic. The mean @entity5 size was 4.83 cm. Tumors larger than 4 cm had a greater incidence of symptoms (60.7%) and a higher nephrectomy rate (43%). Clinical management was based on @entity5 size and clinical presentation. Treatment consisted of conservative observation in 30 @entity1 (group 1, 48.4%), selective embolization therapy in 2 @entity1 with @entity548 (group 2, 3.2%), partial nephrectomy and other surgical procedures in 14 @entity1 (group 3, 22.6%), and total nephrectomy in 16 @entity1 (group 4, 25.8%). Nine of 62 @entity1 were associated with spontaneous @entity397 under conservative treatment in 3, TAE in 1, partial nephrectomy in 1, total nephrectomy in 3 and laparotomy to check bleeding in 1. Neither mortality no major complication was noted. Generally the outcomes were smooth and acceptable. Beyond the total nephrectomy for @entity1 with highly suspected malignancy, we suggest conservative treatment with observation strategy for small asymptomatic @entity5 , selective @entity1416 as the first choice for @entity548 or @entity397 and partial nephrectomy for renal sparing strategy.

title: The management strategy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis', 'TS']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyolipoma rupture', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['Angiomyolipomas', 'bilateral angiomyolipomas']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal angiomyolipoma']


abstract: From July 1979 to February 1995, 126 @entity1 , including 4 reoperations, aged between 6 months and 77 years underwent mitral valve repair for @entity339 . The @entity1 were divided in two groups, 46 @entity1 aged less than 16 years in pediatric age group and the other 80 @entity1 in a dult group. The methods consisted of asymmetric annuloplasty (Kay-Reed method) in 98 @entity1 , Carpentier-Edwards ring annuloplasty in 14, quadrangular resection of the posterior leaflet with annuloplasty in 9, and chordal and leaflet repair in 5. There was no hospital nor late death in pediatric age group. Three hospital deaths and one late death were in adult group. Follow-up was 96% complete and totaled 812.1 @entity1 years. Reoperations underwent in 3 pediatric @entity1 and 9 adults. At 15 years' follow-up, freedom from reoperation was 91.5 +/- 4.7% in pediatric age group and 67.1 +/- 12.7% in adults. Freedom from event was 63.5 +/- 12.1% in adult group. These results suggest that mitral repair with Kay-Reed method in pediatric age group is favorable for long-term. In contrast, indications for mitral reconstraction with other methods including ring annuloplasty should be extended for aged @entity1 with severely dilated annuls and degenerated leaflets.

title: [Long-term results of mitral valvuloplasty for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']


abstract: During October 1974 and December 1981, 204 @entity1 with a @entity263 were treated by radiotherapy. One hundred and eighty two @entity1 were suitable for this evaluation. The minimal time of follow-up was 30 months, the mean time 54 months. All @entity1 had a split-course radiotherapy starting by equally weighted opposed pelvic fields with daily doses between 1.8 and 2 Gy, a rest period of 6-7 days and a total dose between 60 and 70 Gy. The overall survival rates (actuarial) for all @entity1 were 64% after 5 years and 55% after 8 years. Several prognostic factors were evaluated. The main factor was @entity5 grading, the 5 year survival rates fall off from 81% for G1, 65% for G2 to 40% for G3. Split according to T-categories, 5 year survival rates were 73% in T1, 74% in T2, 59% in T3, and 50% in T4. When using the American staging system, we found 75% in stage B and 59% in stage C. There was no statistically significant influence of age and dose on survival, but a clear trend for better survival with higher doses. 36.8% of all @entity1 relapsed, 79% of them developed only distant metastases. Comparing grading and appearance of distant metastases, we found 58% in the group of G3 @entity5 . There was no influence of transurethral resection (TUR) on survival. Side effects were observed frequently, but mostly mild and transient, late effects were rare.

title: Radiotherapy of XXXX : results of treatment and complications.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to characterize variations in flutter-wave (F-wave) morphology among @entity1 with @entity734 ( @entity734 ) and counterclockwise isthmus-dependent (CCWID) right @entity956 ( @entity956 ) and to attempt to correlate F-wave morphology with echocardiographic data and clinical @entity1 characteristics. BACKGROUND: Variations in F-wave morphology on surface electrocardiogram (ECG) during CCWID and @entity5069 have been reported but never systematically characterized. METHODS: Over a four-year period, 139 @entity1 with @entity956 on ECG underwent electrophysiologic study and echocardiography at our institution. Electrocardiographic data, intracardiac recordings, echocardiographic data, and @entity1 characteristics were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of 156 AFLs evaluated, 130 were CCWID, 26 were @entity734 . Three types of CCWID flutter were observed: type 1 had purely negative F-waves inferiorly, types 2 and 3 had F-waves inferiorly with small (type 2) or broad (type 3) positive terminal deflections; CCWID flutter types 2 and 3 were associated with higher incidence of left atrial (LA) enlargement, @entity299 , and @entity955 ( @entity955 ) than type 1. Two types of @entity5069 were observed: type 1 had notched positive F-waves with a distinct isoelectric segment inferiorly. Type 2 had broader F-waves inferiorly with positive and negative components and a short isoelectric segment. CONCLUSIONS: Variable ECG patterns for CCWID and @entity734 @entity956 exist. A positive component of the F-wave in the inferior leads during CCWID flutter is associated with an increased likelihood of @entity299 , @entity955 , and LA enlargement.

title: Variable electrocardiographic characteristics of isthmus-dependent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter', 'AFL']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Afib']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['CWID', 'clockwise isthmus-dependent']

entities_list: @entity5069 :: ('MESH:D054141', 'Disease') :: ['CWID flutter']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['atrial flutter']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to examine milk composition and rennet-induced coagulation properties of milk from 892 individual Danish Holstein and Danish Jersey @entity291 and determine the genetic influences on these properties by determining heritability and genomic correlations with single @entity377 polymorphisms identified by the @entity291 @entity2033 Beadchip (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA). Despite no signs of clinical @entity1271 , milk from @entity291 with somatic cell counts >500,000 cells/mL showed altered milk composition, indicating impaired barrier between the milk and the blood. Curd-firming rate (CFR) and rennet coagulation time (RCT) were used to describe @entity1267 properties (MCP). These traits describe the second phase of @entity1267 and were mutually negatively correlated, but only to some extent associated with the same compositional traits. In both breeds, CFR were highly correlated with protein content, whereas longer RCT were primarily associated with lower milk pH. Estimated heritabilities for milk production and compositional traits ranged from 0.09 for yield to 0.82 for @entity1792 in Danish Jersey @entity291 , and from 0.21 for yield to 0.59 for @entity1792 in Danish Holstein @entity291 . Heritabilities for MCP traits varied considerably between breeds, and were estimated to be 0.28 for RCT and 0.75 for CFR in Danish Holstein @entity291 and 0.45 for RCT and 0.15 for CFR in Danish Jersey @entity291 . This difference was further reflected in the genomic correlations between RCT and CFR which was -0.90 in Danish Holstein and 0.06 in Danish Jersey. These data suggest that potential for changing MCP through breeding exists, but the genetic background of the MCP traits might be different in different breeds; therefore, using Danish Holstein as background for Danish Jersey is not trivial. Thereby, the study underlines the need for breed-specific models.

title: Phenotypic and genetic associations of milk traits with XXXX properties.

entities_list: @entity1792 :: ('MESH:D019343', 'Chemical') :: ['citric acid']

entities_list: @entity1267 :: ('MESH:D010319', 'Disease') :: ['milk coagulation']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity1267 :: (MESH:D010319,Disease) :: ['milk coagulation']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of intra-articular calcaneal @entity174 through an extended lateral approach is frequently accompanied by a high complication rate. However, ORIF currently provides the best long-term clinical results. The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to evaluate both mid- to long-term clinical and radiological results of a consecutive series treated by ORIF and (2) to determine the influence of short-term complications on long-term clinical outcome. METHODS: @entity1 with a displaced intra-articular calcaneal @entity174 , treated with ORIF, through an extended lateral approach, in a level-2 @entity130 centre between 1995 and 2008 were evaluated for the study. The long-term functional outcome (American Orthopaedic Foot _ Ankle Society (AOFAS), 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)) and radiographic results (e.g., B  hler and Gissane angle, height, width and @entity2720 ) were determined. Short- and long-term complications were documented. RESULTS: A total of 57 @entity1 matched the inclusion criteria, from which 39 @entity1 agreed to participate in this study (68%). The median follow-up was 6.5 years (range 2-16 years). Based on the AOFAS hindfoot score, 74% of the @entity1 had a good-to-excellent long-term clinical result. Radiological results were satisfying with a median postoperative B  hler angle of 26   and 25   at follow-up. Complications occurred in 32% of all @entity1 ; mainly wound-healing problems were noted. Short-term complications did not influence mid- to long-term clinical results (p>0.05). Anatomic reconstruction of the calcaneus was associated with improved long-term clinical results (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Despite the high complication rate following ORIF of a calcaneal @entity174 , complications do not affect mid- to long-term clinical outcome. Surgical treatment should focus on restoring the anatomy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic level IV.

title: Complications following the extended lateral approach for XXXX do not influence mid- to long-term outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint reduction']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['calcaneal fractures']


abstract: Monodisperse @entity25213 ( @entity25214 ) nanoparticles with five different diameters (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100  nm) were fabricated via chemical oxidation polymerization in order to evaluate size-dependent @entity137 . The cellular uptake of @entity25214 nanoparticles in @entity1 lung fibroblasts (IMR90) and @entity19 alveolar macrophages (J774A.1) was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The nanoparticles were internalized into the IMR90 via endocytosis. In the J774A.1, the nanoparticles were entered via phagocytosis and endocytosis. Endocytosed nanoparticles were transported to lysosome via endosome-network. The @entity137 and innate immune response of @entity25214 -treated cells were systematically investigated by viability assay, oxidative stress, apoptosis/ @entity39 , and expression of costimulatory molecules. The viability, oxidative stress, and apoptosis/ @entity39 of @entity25214 -treated cells revealed size- and dose-dependency. Because of phagocytosis, @entity25214 treatment had more adverse effects on the J774A.1 than the IMR90. Innate immune response of @entity25214 -treated macrophages was measured by the expression of costimulatory molecules on surface of the cells. The expression of costimulatory molecules involved in @entity1198 response ( @entity2936 and @entity7938 ) was lightly up-regulated and the other costimulatory molecule related in Th2 response ( @entity2937 ) was less expressed than a negative control. These findings may provide better nanotoxicological information of polymer nanomaterials, and support the further development of @entity25214 nanoparticles in bioelectronic applications.

title: XXXX of, and innate immune response to, size-controlled @entity25213 nanoparticles in @entity1 cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity25213 :: ('MESH:C067635', 'Chemical') :: ['polypyrrole']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Cytotoxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report long-term progression-free survival (PFS) and late- @entity137 outcomes in @entity976 @entity1 treated with IMRT. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 were treated with IMRT to a median dose of 50.4Gy (range, 49.8-54Gy). The clinical target volume (CTV) was the gross @entity5 volume (GTV) with a 1cm margin. The planning target volume ( @entity343 ) was the CTV with a 3-5mm margin. Median follow-up was 107.3months. RESULTS: The 5- and 10-year PFS rates were 65.8% and 60.7%. The 5- and 10-year cystic PFS rates were 70.2% and 65.2% while the 5- and 10-year solid PFS were the same at 90.7%. @entity2744 was seen in 42% at initial diagnosis and in 74% after surgical intervention, prior to IMRT. @entity1640 and @entity227 were associated with increasing @entity343 and number of surgical interventions. CONCLUSIONS: IMRT is a viable treatment option for @entity976 . Despite the use of IMRT, majority of the @entity976 @entity1 experienced long-term @entity137 , many of which present prior to radiotherapy. Limitations of retrospective analyses on small @entity1 cohort elicit the need for a prospective multi-institutional study to determine the absolute benefit of IMRT in @entity976 .

title: Long-term disease control and @entity137 outcomes following surgery and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deficits']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothalamic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2744 :: ('MESH:C567425', 'Disease') :: ['Endocrinopathy']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric craniopharyngioma', 'craniopharyngioma']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['pediatric craniopharyngioma']


abstract: In vitro studies indicate that the inflammatory response to zymosan, a fungal wall preparation, is dependent on Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, and that this response is enhanced by the @entity39379 receptor. Complement may also play an important role in this inflammatory response. However, the relevance of these molecules within the in vivo pulmonary environment remains unknown. To examine pulmonary in vivo inflammatory responses of the lung to zymosan, zymosan was administered by intratracheal aerosolization to C57BL/6, @entity8932 - @entity1990 -, @entity5001 -, and @entity465 @entity19 . Outcomes included bronchoalveolar fluid cell counts. We next examined effects of @entity39379 inhibition on response to zymosan in alveolar macrophages in vitro and in lungs of C57BL/6, @entity8932 -, and @entity465 @entity19 . Finally, the effect of alveolar macrophage depletion on in vivo pulmonary responses was assessed. Marked zymosan-induced neutrophil responses were unaltered in @entity8932 -deficient @entity19 despite a @entity8932 -dependent response seen with synthetic @entity8932 agonists. @entity1990 , @entity5001 , and complement activation were not required for the inflammatory response to zymosan. Although @entity39379 receptor inhibition blocked the inflammatory response of alveolar macrophages to zymosan in vitro, in vivo pulmonary leukocyte recruitment was not altered even in the absence of @entity8932 or complement. Depletion of alveolar macrophages did not affect the response to zymosan. Neither complement, macrophages, nor @entity8932 , @entity1990 , @entity5001 , and/or @entity39379 receptors were involved in the pulmonary in vivo inflammatory response to zymosan.

title: The lung responds to zymosan in a unique manner independent of toll-like receptors, complement, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['complement-deficient']

answer: @entity39379 :: (56644(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['dectin-1']


abstract: 1. Blood pressure variability ( @entity15882 ) includes physiological and random variations in blood pressure (BP). Commonly used approaches, such as standard deviation (SD) and weighted standard deviation (wSD) methods, do not efficiently assess random variation in BP. In the present study, we propose a novel method to assess individual BP variations, extracting random variation in BP by eliminating physiological variation mathematically. This novel assessment method furthers our understanding of the relationship between BP variation and @entity1188 ( @entity1188 ). 2. In the present study, we analysed ambulatory blood pressure monitoring recordings taken from 1526 @entity1 aged 60-98 years of age. Individual curves were created using a mathematical method and the related BP variation calculated, namely the SD for individual BP variations. In addition, correlations between @entity1188 and BP variations as determined by the classical SD method, wSD and our novel assessment method (SD') were evaluated. 3. The results demonstrated that 24 h variations in systolic BP (SBP) were closely associated with @entity1188 when the SD and wSD methods were used (P < 0.05), but the most significant correlations were observed when the SD' method was used (P < 0.01). Furthermore, using SD' yielded the lowest value of the parameter P among the three different methods used to analyse @entity15882 . Using the SD' method, a significant correlation was found between variations in SBP and the incidence of @entity1188 (P < 0.05). It was found that the incidence of @entity1188 increased by 2% with each 1 mmHg increase in SBP variation. 4. In conclusion, our novel assessment method enables mathematical removal of interference from physiological BP variation and the results show a better correlation with @entity1188 . Thus, our novel method may be considered a simple index of 24 h BP variation that is superior to conventional SD and wSD methods.

title: A new method for assessing variability of 24 h blood pressure and its first application in 1526 elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['LACI', 'lacunar infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: We and others have described previously a polymorphism at the first position of codon 52 ( @entity62577 ) of the @entity1 @entity5010 ( @entity5010 ) gene. To determine its potential significance, we studied female (n = 100) and male (n = 25) @entity1 with @entity1669 ( @entity2743 , n = 91; @entity2621 , n = 34) and normal individuals [n = 121, female (n = 69), male (n = 52)]. Screening was performed using AciI restriction enzyme digestions of PCR-amplified genomic DNA. All codon 52 polymorphisms were verified by direct DNA sequencing. Data were analyzed using Chi-square or Fisher exact tests and p-values were corrected for multiple comparisons. Our studies demonstrated that this polymorphism is highly associated with @entity1669 in the female population (corrected p = 0.008). We found no such association in the male population. Within females, there was a greater association between @entity2743 and the polymorphism (corrected p = 0.017) than between @entity2621 and the polymorphism (corrected p = 0.090). The polymorphism was present in a higher proportion of @entity2743 @entity1 with @entity6875 and @entity7219 (40%) or @entity6875 , @entity7219 , and @entity3582 (60%), than in @entity1 with @entity2743 alone (15%), or @entity2743 and @entity6875 alone (17%). In conclusion, a polymorphism ( @entity62577 ) of the @entity5010 is associated with @entity1669 in females.

title: A polymorphism in the extracellular domain of the @entity5010 is highly associated with XXXX in females.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' ophthalmopathy"]

entities_list: @entity7219 :: ('MESH:C535494', 'Disease') :: ['pretibial dermopathy']

entities_list: @entity5010 :: ('7253', 'Gene') :: ['thyrotropin receptor', 'hTSHr']

entities_list: @entity3582 :: ('MESH:D010004', 'Disease') :: ['acropachy']

answer: @entity1669 :: (MESH:D013967,Disease) :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease']


abstract: In membranes of @entity39045 , lipid composition is regulated as a function of several stimuli affecting the volume and length of the @entity7294 chains and the @entity7294 -water interfacial area. This regulation is vizualized as changes in the relative amounts of the major polar lipids @entity43897 and @entity43898 . These lipids form reversed hexagonal and lamellar phases with water, respectively. However, mixtures of the two lipids, in the molar proportions found in the A. laidlawii membrane, form a lamellar phase. By adjustment of the glycolipid ratio as a response to environmental stimuli, a certain stability of the lamellar membrane is maintained. In growing cells with oleoyl membrane lipids, a transmembrane electrical potential of approximately -50 mV (inside negative), but no transmembrane pH difference, was found. Addition of the K+ ionophore @entity9942 caused a rapid and dose-dependent hyperpolarization remaining for at least 7 h. Simultaneously, a rapid and lasting metabolic decrease in the ratio @entity43897 / @entity43898 occurred. The increase in potential and the decrease in the lipid ratio were both reversed in a dose-dependent manner by extracellular KCl. Likewise, the lipophilic cation @entity36958 caused a dose-dependent decrease in membrane potential and an increase in the @entity43897 / @entity43898 ratio, respectively. The ionophores monensin and particularly @entity6199 had similar but less pronounced effects on the potential and lipid ratios as @entity9942 . The uncoupler @entity6320 had no effect on cell growth, membrane potential, or lipid regulation at 10 microM. These dissimilar structures and the low concentrations used make a direct disturbance of drug molecules on lipid packing in membranes less likely.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Transmembrane electrical potential affects the lipid composition of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43897 :: ('MESH:C014571', 'Chemical') :: ['monoglucosyl diglyceride']

entities_list: @entity6320 :: ('MESH:D002258', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone']

entities_list: @entity39045 :: ('2148', 'Species') :: ['Acholeplasma laidlawii']

entities_list: @entity9942 :: ('MESH:D014634', 'Chemical') :: ['valinomycin']

entities_list: @entity6199 :: ('MESH:D009550', 'Chemical') :: ['nigericin']

entities_list: @entity43898 :: ('MESH:C025142', 'Chemical') :: ['diglucosyl diglyceride']

entities_list: @entity7294 :: ('CHEBI:24632', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbon']

entities_list: @entity36958 :: ('MESH:C013289', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraphenylphosphonium']

answer: @entity39045 :: (2148,Species) :: ['Acholeplasma laidlawii']


abstract: @entity3049 ( @entity3049 / @entity3049 ) is an apoptosis-inducing membrane receptor for @entity5 @entity39 factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand ( @entity2205 / @entity2205 ). In this study, we showed that @entity2425 , a naturally occurring antibiotic, is a potent enhancer of @entity2205 -induced apoptosis through up-regulation of @entity3049 expression. @entity2425 significantly sensitized PC-3, @entity342 -independent @entity1 @entity263 cells, to @entity2205 -induced apoptosis. The @entity2425 -mediated enhancement of @entity2205 -induced apoptosis was markedly blocked by a recombinant @entity1 @entity3049 /Fc chimeric protein. @entity2425 and @entity2205 cooperatively activated @entity8186 and @entity5353 cleavage and this activation was also blocked in the presence of the @entity3049 /Fc chimera. @entity2425 up-regulated @entity3049 expression at the mRNA and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the @entity2425 -mediated sensitization to @entity2205 was efficiently reduced by @entity3049 small interfering RNA, suggesting that the sensitization was mediated through induction of @entity3049 expression. @entity2425 increased @entity3049 promoter activity and this enhanced activity was diminished by mutation of a @entity3726 -binding site. In addition, suppression of @entity3726 expression by small interfering RNA reduced the @entity2425 -mediated induction of @entity3049 . Of note, @entity2425 -mediated induction of @entity3726 and @entity3049 protein expression was not observed in normal @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, @entity2425 did not sensitize the cells to @entity2205 -induced apoptosis. Thus, combined treatment with @entity2425 and @entity2205 may be a promising candidate for @entity263 therapy.

title: XXXX enhances @entity5 @entity39 factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis in @entity1 @entity263 cells.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2425 :: ('MESH:D014415', 'Chemical') :: ['tunicamycin', 'Tunicamycin']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity2425 :: (MESH:D014415,Chemical) :: ['Tunicamycin']


abstract: The efficacy and tolerance of high dose intravitreal foscarnet for @entity10657 in @entity1 with @entity791 was studied. Foscarnet in a dose of 2400 micrograms was injected directly into the vitreous of 11 @entity1 (15 eyes). Five @entity1 had active @entity2479 (eight eyes, 53.3%), and received a 3 week induction therapy of six injections as the first step. Six @entity1 had @entity2479 (seven eyes, 46.7%), and received only maintenance therapy which consisted of a weekly injection. The main indications for intravitreal therapy were: myelosuppression, @entity8 , catheter related @entity295 , or refusal of intravenous therapy. The @entity1 were followed for a mean period of 16 weeks (range 8-28 weeks) and received a total of 304 injections. Vitreous foscarnet levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. After a 3 week course of induction therapy, complete resolution of the active @entity2479 was seen in 62.5% (5/8 cases), while 37.5% (3/8 cases) had partial resolution. No cases failed to respond or progress. The rate of relapse on maintenance therapy was 33% (five of 15 eyes) by 20 weeks, and two of these eyes did not respond to reinduction and progressed in involvement of the macula or optic nerve. Neither important local complications nor intraocular drug @entity137 were observed. Vitreous foscarnet levels in two different @entity1 were 896 mumol/l and 74.9 mumol/l at 22 3/4 hours and 42 1/2 hours after the injection. Intravitreal foscarnet appears to be a safe, effective, and useful alternative in @entity1 with intolerance to intravenous and viral therapy.

title: High dose intravitreal foscarnet in the treatment of @entity10657 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity10657 :: ('MESH:D017726', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus retinitis']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis', 'initial inactive retinitis']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: Surgical resection is the first step in the treatment of adult supratentorial @entity3271 ( @entity3271 ). However, the role of resection on prognosis, the most appropriate time for surgery along the natural history of those @entity5 , and the best operative strategy remain debated. Survival curves after resection vary greatly among reported series, in particular as a result of a persisting @entity911 in identification and classification of cerebral @entity3271 . Surgical or stereotactic biopsy is the first surgical procedure which enables confirmation of the diagnosis suggested on imaging, assessment of extension of @entity5 cell infiltration beyond abnormalities limit described an imaging, and currently available molecular biology studies. Biopsies may be the only surgical procedure in @entity1 having a @entity5 with minimal mass effect, or prior to a surgical resection or a "wait and watch" strategy. Surgical resection is indicated for the other @entity1 . However, it has not been demonstrated that time for resection has an influence on survival, excepted in @entity1 with rapidly growing @entity5 , with mass effect causing @entity428 . A wait and watch strategy is therefore warranted in @entity1 with a @entity5 aspect suggestive of a grade A @entity3271 ; surgical resection may be indicated later. There is a current trend for maximal safe resection, preserving functional cerebral areas, since truly complete resection of the @entity5 including infiltration is exceptional. However, from the contradictory results reported to date, one cannot ascertain whether large or complete resection based on imaging is associated with significantly longer survival. Neuronavigation guidance, intraoperative imaging, and cortical stimulation techniques are helpful neurosurgical techniques enabling maximal safe resection with preservation of functional areas.

title: [Adult supratentorial XXXX . Surgical treatment: indications and techniques].

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'deep-seated tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas', 'OLG']

answer: @entity3271 :: (MESH:D009837,Disease) :: ['oligodendrogliomas']


abstract: @entity12433 (PQ) exerts a broad spectrum of activities against various stages of parasitic @entity311 . It remains as the only drug that destroys late hepatic stages and latent tissue forms of @entity3965 and @entity3965 ovale. However, systems that can target PQ to liver hepatocytes, where malarial sporozoites reside, are needed to minimize the dose-limiting severe @entity137 and side-effects caused by PQ. Recently, a reconstituted artificial chylomicron emulsion was generated using commercially available lipids and was shown to be preferentially taken up by liver hepatocytes following intravenous injection. We proposed to target PQ to hepatocytes by incorporating it into this chylomicron emulsion. We have shown that lipophilized PQ can be readily incorporated into the chylomicron emulsion. The PQ remained inside the emulsion without significant release. Moreover, PQ incorporated inside the emulsion was more stable than free PQ when incubated in serum. Finally, when intravenously injected into @entity19 , the PQ-incorporated chylomicron emulsion led to significantly enhanced accumulation of PQ in liver, when compared to the injection of free PQ. This emulsion could be developed into a promising delivery system to target PQ into hepatocytes for vivax @entity311 therapy.

title: Targeting @entity12433 into liver using chylomicron emulsions for potential vivax XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3965 :: ('5855', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium', 'Plasmodium vivax']

entities_list: @entity12433 :: ('MESH:D011319', 'Chemical') :: ['Primaquine']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: A case of multiple primary @entity320 was reported. A 66-year-old male was referred to the hospital with complaints of @entity1277 and @entity1282 . A barium swallow revealed two @entity5 of approximate equal size, one in the lower third of esophagus and the other in the cardiac region of stomach. The @entity5 were shown blackish at endoscopy and biopsy yielded a histological diagnosis of @entity320 . Abdominal CT, abdominal ultrasonography and hepatic arteriography showed metastasis to liver and rt paracardiac lymph nodes. However, no @entity75 of @entity320 but esophagus was found through the preoperative clinical examination. Partial resection of the esophagus along with the proximal of stomach and the paracardiac lymph nodes was performed. Microscopically, the typical finding of junctional activity adjacent to the @entity5 mass was not obtained but we diagnosed as primary @entity5 because melanocytes were present along the basal layer of normal esophageal mucosa and groups of melanophages were found in the submucosal layer. However, we could not conclude which polypoidal @entity5 was the @entity75 . The @entity1 received systemic chemotherapy postoperatively and is alive 5 months after surgery.

title: [A case of multiple primary XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'esophageal tumor', 'polypoidal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['appetite loss']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma of the esophagus', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma of the esophagus']


abstract: BACKGROUND AIMS: Little is published on the characterization and therapeutic potential of @entity1 mesenchymal cells derived from hair follicle (HF) dermal sheath (DS). In this study, we isolated and characterized HF DS-mesenchymal stromal cells (DS-MSCs) with respect to the bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs). We further tested if @entity558 ( @entity558 ), like what was previously reported for BM-MSC @entity558 , has superior wound-healing properties, in both in vitro and in vivo wound models compared with skin fibroblast @entity558 . METHODS: DS-MSCs were isolated from HF and cultured in vitro to assess long-term growth potential, @entity7495 ( @entity7495 ), expression of CD surface markers and differentiation potential. The cytokine expression of DS-MSC @entity558 was determined through an antibody-based protein array analysis. The wound-healing effects of the @entity558 were tested in vitro with the use of @entity1 cell cultures and in vivo with the use of a @entity6 @entity19 wound model. RESULTS: In vitro results revealed that DS-MSCs have high growth capacity and @entity7495 while displaying some phenotypes similar to BM-MSCs. DS-MSCs strongly expressed many surface markers expressed in BM-MSCs and could also differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. DS-MSCs secreted significantly higher proportions of paracrine factors such as @entity650 ( @entity650 ), @entity687 and growth-related oncogene. DS-MSC- @entity558 demonstrated enhanced wound-healing effects on @entity1 skin keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells in vitro, and the wound-healing time in @entity6 @entity19 was found to be shorter, compared with vehicle controls. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 HF DS stromal cells demonstrated MSC-like properties and might be an alternative source for therapeutic use in wound healing.

title: In vitro characterization of @entity1 hair follicle dermal sheath mesenchymal stromal cells and their potential in enhancing XXXX wound healing.

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'DS-MSC-conditioned medium']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity7495 :: ('MESH:D017825', 'Disease') :: ['CFE', 'colony-forming efficiency']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 61-year-old @entity1 (57   kg, 171   cm) underwent surgery under general anaesthesia with desflurane 5.8-6.1 vol. % end-tidal, @entity1937 0.2-0.4    g/kg/min and @entity2898 35   mg (0.61   mg/kg). On return of the second twitch in the @entity3370 ( @entity3370 ) stimulation measured by acceleromyography, @entity19271 120   mg (2.1   mg/kg) was given. After complete neuromuscular recovery, @entity2400 3600   mg (60   mg/kg) was injected intravenously over 5   min to treat @entity955 . This was associated with recurarisation with a nadir [first twitch   =   25%, @entity3370 ratio (TOFR)   =   67%] 7   min after the start of the @entity2400 infusion ( @entity1760 plasma level: 2.67   mM). A spontaneous twitch value and a TOFR of >   90% were observed 45   min after the beginning of the @entity2400 infusion under general anaesthesia. Rapid infusion of @entity2400 may re-establish a @entity19271 -reversed, @entity2898 -induced @entity4094 during general anaesthesia, probably because of the high plasma level of @entity1760 (2.67   mM). Desflurane and a small fraction of unbound @entity2898 may amplify the known muscle relaxing effects of @entity1760 . Intravenous injection of @entity2400 is not recommended in @entity1 after general anaesthesia with neuromuscular relaxants, particularly after @entity19271 reversal. Quantitative neuromuscular monitoring should be used for reversing aminosteroid muscle relaxants with @entity19271 - particularly in combination with @entity1760 injection - to prevent post-operative residual curarisation.

title: @entity1760 -induced recurarisation after reversal of @entity2898 -induced XXXX with @entity19271 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular block']

entities_list: @entity2400 :: ('CHEBI:32599', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

entities_list: @entity3370 :: ('MESH:C538154', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'train-of-four']

entities_list: @entity19271 :: ('MESH:C453980', 'Chemical') :: ['sugammadex']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['neuromuscular block']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Positive skin test results to multiple venoms in @entity1 with Hymenoptera venom @entity566 may result from IgE antibody cross-reactivity among venom proteins. To avoid treatment with unnecessary and costly venoms, we have developed a venom RAST inhibition test that identifies individuals in whom a positive venom IgE RAST result is due to cross-reactive venom-specific IgE antibody. METHODS: Serum samples (n = 412) were collected over 5 years from @entity1 with clinically characterized Hymenoptera venom @entity566 who had positive skin test results to more than one venom. Venom allergosorbent was added to serum containing IgE antivenin and buffer or 100 micrograms of homologous or heterologous venom. Bound IgE was detected with radiolabeled anti-human IgE. Intraassay variation less than 10% coefficient of variation and homologous venom inhibition greater than 80% were required for acceptance of data. A "cross-reactivity index" (CRI) was computed as a ratio of percent inhibition produced by heterologous versus homologous venom. RESULTS: Of the 412 sera-venom combinations analyzed, 41 (10%) were excluded because of incomplete homologous venom inhibition. Of the 371 remaining sera, 82% (n = 305) were studied for IgE anti-Polistes wasp venom ( @entity122 ) cross-reactivity with yellow jacket venom (YJV) and the other 66 for other venom specificity cross-inhibitions. Of the serum samples tested, 36.4% (111 of 305) contained IgE anti-PWV venom of which the binding to solid-phase @entity122 was inhibited with soluble YJV to a level that produced CRIs greater than 95%. We believe that this constitutes complete inhibition and demonstrates exclusively YJV cross-reactive antibody in these samples. The remaining 63.6% had CRIs from 0% to 95%, indicating IgE specific for a spectrum of unique and cross-reactive @entity122 allergens. Only 4.3% (13 of 305) had CRIs less than 5%, which is consistent with IgE restricted to @entity122 unique allergens. The degree of the IgE anti-PWV inhibition to solid-phase @entity122 by YJV was independent of the IgE anti-PWV level. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that one third of @entity1 with Hymenoptera venom @entity566 evaluated with positive YJV- and @entity122 -reactive IgE in the skin and/or serum were identified as candidates for exclusion of @entity122 from their immunotherapy regimen because their IgE anti-PWV was more than 95% cross-inhibitable with YJV. Cost analysis of the venom RAST inhibition test and a conventional 5-year Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy program indicates that this serologic evaluation is cost-effective.

title: Selection of Hymenoptera venoms for immunotherapy on the basis of XXXX 's IgE antibody cross-reactivity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has been in practice for more than 100 years. However, research in novel routes and delivery methods of immunotherapy to treat @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ) and @entity2024 has only recently occurred in the United States, where the predominant form of AIT provided is largely via a @entity9285 ( @entity9285 ) route. AIT may prevent new sensitizations, improve symptoms, decrease medication usage, and prevent @entity56 . Although AIT is the only potentially curative treatment for @entity2023 , access and adherence continue to be problematic. Only a fraction of eligible @entity1 actually undergo treatment, and @entity6661 rates are high. An obvious limitation of @entity9285 includes the requirement of regular injections to be provided in the physician's office due to the potential for anaphylaxis. @entity13366 ( @entity13366 ) for home administration has been investigated as a potential alternative to address this limitation of @entity9285 . METHODS: A literature review was performed including the current findings from randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses with a discussion of the most recent evidence for the efficacy, safety, and dosing of allergen @entity13366 . RESULTS: The current data suggest that @entity13366 is effective for treatment of @entity566 , can potentially prevent @entity565 , and has a favorable safety profile. Head-to-head studies, however, are few, and comparative effectiveness still remains to be answered. Optimal treatment algorithms for @entity13366 have not yet been established, with wide variation in dosage selection and schedules. Similarly to @entity9285 , only a few allergens such as ragweed and grass pollen have been found to be effective in large clinical trials. CONCLUSION: Recent data indicate that @entity13366 is an effective treatment modality for seasonal @entity2023 , improve quality of life, and can potentially prevent @entity565 but head-to head studies comparing @entity13366 to @entity9285 are needed.

title: Clinical considerations in the use of sublingual immunotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9285 :: ('MESH:D013352', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous immunotherapy', 'SCIT']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal allergies']

entities_list: @entity13366 :: ('MESH:D013362', 'Disease') :: ['SLIT', 'Sublingual immunotherapy']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Degeneration of intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENF) is a hallmark of small fiber neuropathy of different etiology, whose clinical picture is dominated by @entity9 . It is unknown if @entity3124 can affect IENF. METHODS: We enrolled 14 adult neurocritical care @entity1 with prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay and artificial ventilation (>=  3 days), and no previous history or risk factors for @entity4094 . All @entity1 underwent neurological examination including evaluation of consciousness, sensory functions, muscle strength, nerve conduction study and needle electromyography, @entity5433 using the finger wrinkling test, and skin biopsy for quantification of IENF and sweat gland innervation density during ICU stay and at follow-up visit. Development of @entity281 , @entity295 and @entity881 was recorded throughout the ICU stay. RESULTS: Of the 14 @entity1 recruited, 13 (93%) had @entity281 , @entity295 or @entity881 . All had severe and non-length dependent loss of IENF. Sweat gland innervation was reduced in all except one @entity1 . Of the 7 @entity1 available for follow-up visit, three complained of diffuse sensory loss and @entity158 , and another three showed clinical @entity8053 . CONCLUSIONS: Small fiber pathology can develop in the acute phase of @entity3124 and @entity1109 and @entity158 in neurocritical care survivors. Its impact on long term disability warrants further studies involving also non-neurologic critical care @entity1 .

title: Small nerve fiber pathology in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disease']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['may explain chronic sensory impairment']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'burning pain']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity8053 :: ('MESH:D054969', 'Disease') :: ['dysautonomia']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critical illness']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of awareness and advice to seek care on blood pressure (BP) control among @entity1 with @entity101 in Bangladesh. DESIGN: Longitudinal study. SETTING: The study was carried out in icddr,b surveillance sites at rural Matlab in Chandpur district and semi-urban Kamalapur in Dhaka, Bangladesh. @entity1 : Randomly selected @entity1 and non-pregnant @entity1 aged 20   years or older without any acute illness or history of any vascular events such as @entity64 or acute @entity583 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: @entity101 was defined as systolic BP (SBP) >= 140 and/or diastolic BP (DBP) >= 90   mm   Hg or as self-reported @entity101 under medication. We advised @entity1 to seek care from a qualified provider and to adopt a healthy lifestyle. We compared changes in BP from baseline to follow-up at around 6   months. RESULTS: Overall, 17.1% (n=287) of @entity1 had @entity101 at baseline with significantly higher prevalence in the semi-urban than in the rural population (23.6% vs 10.8%; p<0.001); half were unaware of their condition. At follow-up, 83% (n=204) reported a visit to any healthcare provider. In the semi-urban area, a higher proportion of @entity1 visited medically qualified practitioners than in the rural area (76.7% vs 36.6%, p<0.000). SBP (-3.3  20.7   mm   Hg; p<0.01) and DBP (-2.0  13.0   mm   Hg; p<0.02) were lower at follow-up. Those who visited medically qualified practitioners had significant SBP (-3.9  22.4   mm   Hg; p<0.03) and DBP (-2.7  14.1   mm   Hg; p<0.02) reduction. BP reduction did not reach statistical significance among those visiting a pharmacist or their village doctors. Overall, half of the @entity1 with @entity101 achieved the BP control goal (BP<140/90   mm   Hg). CONCLUSIONS: Awareness and simple health messages increase provider visit, reduce blood pressure and improve BP control in @entity101 Bangladeshis. Longer-term follow-up is required to verify the sustainability.

title: Awareness and control of XXXX in Bangladesh: follow-up of a @entity101 cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objectives of this study were to assess qualitatively mothers' physical and psychological health, their perception of their @entity1 's health and development, and their difficulties with childcare from 2 months post discharge to 1 year after a very preterm delivery. METHODS: The study population included all mothers who delivered before 33 weeks of amenorrhea between November 1998 and November 1999 in a Parisian maternity unit and between February 2000 and February 2001 in a maternity unit located in Rouen (France). Twenty-one of the 38 mothers contacted agreed to participate (55%). Semi-structured interviews were conducted by a clinical psychologist at the @entity1 's home. They were taped, fully transcribed and subjected to content analysis. RESULTS: The main difficulties reported by mothers at 1 year were @entity1295 , @entity308 mood, @entity148 and physical symptoms. @entity308 mood was associated with social isolation, post-traumatic symptoms, withdrawal and feelings of guilt. Most mothers also described their @entity1 as being difficult and tiring. Mothers' reports about their own health and difficult behaviour of their @entity1 were more negative at 1 year than at 2 months post discharge. CONCLUSIONS: The mothers' @entity458 following a @entity600 did not improve between 2 months post discharge and 1 year after delivery. Comprehensive follow-up care programmes should take into account this consequence of a @entity600 and provide access to adequate psychological support, care or treatment.

title: Mothers' XXXX 1 year after very preterm childbirth. Results of the EPIPAGE qualitative study.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressive', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['very preterm birth']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological distress']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity31598 (ZIKV), a positive-sense RNA flavivirus, has attracted considerable attention recently for its potential to cause serious neurological problems including microcephaly, @entity12661 during early development. Recent findings suggest that @entity778 of the brain can occur not only during very early stages of development, but also in later fetal/early neonatal stages of maturation. Surprisingly, after peripheral inoculation of immunocompetent @entity19 on the day of birth, the first cells targeted throughout the brain were isolated astrocytes. At later stages, more neurons showed ZIKV immunoreactivity, in part potentially due to ZIKV release from infected astrocytes. In all developing @entity19 studied, we detected @entity2000 ; in many @entity19 this was also associated with @entity281 of the lateral geniculate, suprachiasmatic nuclei, and superior colliculus, suggesting a commonality for the @entity227 . Interestingly, in mature @entity19 lacking a type 1 interferon response (IFNR(-/-)), after inoculation of the eye, the initial majority of infected cells in the visual system were glial cells along the optic tract. ZIKV microinjection into the somatosensory cortex on one side of the normal @entity19 brain resulted in @entity281 restricted to the contralateral somatosensory cortex without any @entity601 regions, indicating the virus can move by axonal transport to synaptically coupled brain loci. These data support the view that ZIKV shows considerable complexity in targeting the CNS, and may target different cells at different stages of brain development. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: @entity31598 (ZIKV) can cause substantial damage to the developing @entity1 brain. Here we examine a developmental @entity19 model of @entity778 in the newborn @entity19 in which the brain is developmentally similar to a second trimester @entity1 fetus. After peripheral inoculation, the virus entered the CNS in all @entity19 tested and initially targeted astrocytes throughout the brain. Infections of the retina were detected in all @entity19 , and @entity227 in the brain were common. We find ZIKV can be transported axonally, thereby enhancing virus spread within the brain. These data suggest ZIKV infects multiple cell types within the brain and that astrocyte @entity281 may play a more important role in initial @entity281 than previously appreciated.

title: XXXX targeting in the developing brain.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['ZIKV infection']

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['infection of retinal neurons']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['infection of CNS visual system nuclei', 'virus to infect cells of the visual system']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mirror infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['infection of midline brain']

entities_list: @entity12661 :: ('MESH:D019575', 'Disease') :: ['cortical thinning and blindness']

answer: @entity31598 :: (64320,Species) :: ['Zika virus']