abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The function is described of the Implantable Miniature Telescope, which is completing clinical development for bilateral end-stage @entity1020 , and 6-month results of the Phase II/III IMT002 prospective, multicenter study are presented. Multispecialty @entity1 management and implications of the study's findings are discussed. RECENT FINDINGS: No medical treatments are currently available for bilateral end-stage age-related @entity1020 ( @entity3202 or disciform scar age-related @entity1020 ). The visual prosthetic device discussed in this update is implanted in the posterior chamber to reduce the impact of the scotomata on the @entity1 's central vision. The goal of treatment is to improve the @entity1 's ability to perform everyday activities and participate in roles and hobbies that impact their quality of life. @entity1 implanted with the device experienced clinically significant gains in visual acuity and quality of life at 6 months. In total, 89% gained two or more lines of best-corrected near or distance visual acuity. The device was generally safe and well tolerated. The surgical technique is important to minimize surgically related reduction in endothelial cell density. SUMMARY: This age-related @entity1020 visual prosthesis has been shown to improve visual acuity and quality of life for the bilateral end-stage age-related @entity1020 @entity1 population that at present has no other acceptable options. Endothelial cell density from baseline to 6 and 12 months after device implantation was reduced due to @entity130 from the surgical procedure, but was compatible with a healthy @entity267 . Meticulous surgical technique and a comprehensive, multispecialty approach to preoperative and postoperative @entity1 management are essential for successful outcomes.

title: The Implantable Miniature Telescope for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: About 5.5% of all UK @entity4777 @entity1 have the base substitution @entity66419 as the only change in their factor (F)IX gene (F9). This generates a novel donor splice site which fits the consensus better than the normal intron 5 donor splice. Use of the novel splice site should result in a missense mutation followed by the abnormal addition of four @entity1522 to the @entity1 ' FIX. In order to explain the prevalence of this mutation, its genealogical history is examined. Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism in the 21 reference UK individuals (from different families) with the above mutation showed identical haplotypes in 19 while two differed from the rest and from each other. In order to investigate the history of the mutation and to verify that it had occurred independently more than once, the sequence variation in 1.5-kb segments scattered over a 13-Mb region including F9 was examined in 18 @entity1 and 15 controls. This variation was then analyzed with a recently developed Bayesian approach that reconstructs the genealogy of the gene investigated while providing evidence of independent mutations that contribute disconnected branches to the genealogical tree. The method also provides minimum estimates of the age of the mutation inherited by the members of coherent trees. This revealed that 17 or 18 mutant genes descend from a founder who probably lived 450 years ago, while one @entity1 carries an independent mutation. The independent recurrence of the @entity66419 mutation strongly supports the conclusion that it is the cause of these @entity1 ' mild @entity447 .

title: DNA variation in a 13-Mb region including the F9 gene: inferring the genealogical history and causal role of a XXXX mutation ( @entity66419 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia']

entities_list: @entity4777 :: ('MESH:D002836', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia B']

answer: @entity4777 :: (MESH:D002836,Disease) :: ['hemophilia B']


abstract: PURPOSE: Loss of pericytes is one the key events in the pathogenesis of @entity6 . We have previously demonstrated that @entity1 retinal pericytes (HRP) are more vulnerable to intermittent than stable high @entity413 concentrations, with an increase in apoptosis. Our aim was to explore the expression of molecules involved in pro-apoptotic and survival pathways in pericytes cultured in stable/intermittent high @entity413 and/or @entity519 , to clarify the mechanisms of action of these @entity6 -like stressing stimuli. METHODS: @entity1 retinal pericytes (HRP) were exposed intermittently at 48-hr intervals to high/physiological @entity413 for 8  days (intHG) and/or @entity519 over the last 48  hr. Control cells were kept in stable physiological and high @entity413 . Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed. The expression of pro-apoptotic and pro-survival molecules was evaluated by Western blotting. @entity8186 translocation from the cytoplasm into the nucleus was checked by Western blotting of nuclear versus cytoplasmic fractions and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: @entity519 , alone and combined with intHG, increased HRP apoptosis and decreased proliferation. Pro-apoptotic molecules increased in HRP cultured in these conditions, while some survival markers decreased. Conversely, in stable HG, pro-apoptotic molecules were stable or even decreased, and survival factors increased. Translocation of @entity8186 from cytoplasm into nucleus indicates a primary role for this molecule in inducing apoptosis. CONCLUSION: @entity6 -like conditions are able to stimulate pericyte apoptosis through activation of pro-apoptotic molecules, leading to an imbalance between pro-apoptotic and survival signalling pathways, with @entity8186 playing a pivotal role. Our identification of such intermediates could help finding new therapeutic approaches for the prevention of @entity6 .

title: Imbalance between pro-apoptotic and pro-survival factors in XXXX retinal pericytes in @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Growth was monitored in 133 male and 150 female North Sardinian prepubertal @entity1 with homozygous @entity8674 in order to ascertain the incidence of @entity2338 ( @entity2338 ) and the effects of long-term recombinant GH (recGH) treatment on growth velocity and bone maturation. A significant reduction in growth velocity and a fall in @entity442 levels was observed in 19 male and 16 female @entity1 (12.3%). Their peak GH responses to @entity7704 (5.45+/-0.78 and 4.99+/-0.86 ng/ml) and @entity1338 administration (4.21+/-0.32 and 4.15+/-0.27 ng/ml in males and females, respectively) were markedly reduced with respect to control subjects (p<0.01). No statistically significant correlation was found between chronological age, number of blood units received, plasma ferritin levels and plasma @entity442 levels as well as with peak GH response to stimulation. Thalassemic @entity1 with @entity2338 had plasma ferritin levels (1382.44+/-160.34 and 1255.23+/-139.81 ng/ml in males and females, respectively) significantly lower than those recorded in the other @entity1 (2848.94+/-283.61 and 3077.82+/-220.51 ng/ml). @entity1 with @entity2338 were treated with recGH for an average period of 59 months (range 26-124). Treatment was able to restore growth and to increase significantly plasma @entity442 levels. Growth velocity at the end of the first yr of treatment was 6.78+/-1.21 and 6.11+/-0.85 cm/yr in males and females, respectively. Growth velocity values and plasma @entity442 levels remained significantly higher than basal values throughout the period of treatment. However, treatment was unable to normalize bone maturation since bone age values were always reduced with respect to chronological age. No incidence of side effects was observed. These data indicate that @entity2338 , when present, is one but not the sole cause of delayed bone maturation and @entity942 in @entity2395 .

title: Growth hormone secretion in polytransfused prepubertal XXXX with homozygous @entity8674 . Effect of long-term recombinant GH (recGH) therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['GH deficiency', 'GHD']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity8674 :: ('MESH:D017086', 'Disease') :: ['beta-thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['height deficiency']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate a new concept in pharmacological vitreolysis by studying the efficacy of intravitreal RGD peptide-assisted vitrectomy in facilitating the separation of the posterior cortical vitreous from the retinal surface in an animal model. METHODS: Eight @entity95 (16 eyes) received an intravitreal injection of 1 or 5 mg of RGD peptide in one eye and either RGE peptide (inactive control) or @entity1391 buffered saline in the fellow eye. After 24 hours, a pars plana vitrectomy with low aspiration (< or =30 mmHg) was performed in an attempt to create a detachment of the posterior cortical vitreous. A masked observer performed pre- and postoperative indirect ophthalmoscopy and B-scan ultrasonography. Postoperative scanning electron microscopy evaluated the vitreoretinal surface in selected eyes. Two additional @entity95 received intravitreal injections of RGD peptide in one eye (1 mg and 5 mg) and 1 mg of RGE peptide in the fellow eye to examine apoptosis of the retinal cells by TUNEL assay. RESULTS: Based on postoperative ultrasound findings, six of the eight @entity95 had a greater degree of @entity20699 in the RGD eye compared to the fellow eye (p = 0.03). The total number and the average number of detached quadrants in the group of RGD peptide eyes was twenty-three and 2.85 respectively compared to seven and 0.85 for the control fellow eyes (p = 0.02). Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of @entity20699 . There was no evidence of retinal cell apoptosis in RGD injected eyes. CONCLUSION: RGD peptide-assisted vitrectomy facilitated @entity20699 in @entity95 eyes, suggesting that RGD-containing peptides may prove to be effective adjuncts in producing posterior vitreous separation during vitreous surgery.

title: RGD peptide-assisted vitrectomy to facilitate induction of a XXXX : a new principle in pharmacological vitreolysis.

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity20699 :: ('MESH:D020255', 'Disease') :: ['posterior vitreous detachment', 'postoperative posterior vitreous detachment']

answer: @entity20699 :: (MESH:D020255,Disease) :: ['posterior vitreous detachment']


abstract: Presenting symptoms of @entity5576 are known to vary with age. Older @entity1 may complain of @entity10 , @entity4048 , @entity892 , intracranial noises, or transient visual obscurations. Younger @entity1 may present with apathy or @entity146 . This report describes three young @entity1 with no obvious relevant symptoms in whom @entity1829 was newly found on routine follow-up eye examination for unrelated problems. At presentation, all had early @entity1829 with negative cranial neuroimaging studies. All remained apparently asymptomatic, but the @entity1829 progressed. Sedated lumbar puncture showed elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure in all three. Two were felt to have truly @entity5576 , whereas the third had jugular @entity432 . The @entity1829 responded to treatment with either @entity3791 or @entity1483 in all three. An apparent lack of symptoms does not rule out chronic @entity428 in young @entity1 .

title: Asymptomatic XXXX in young @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous obstruction']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity5576 :: ('MESH:D011559', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic intracranial hypertension']

answer: @entity5576 :: (MESH:D011559,Disease) :: ['idiopathic intracranial hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of intraarticular (IA) multiple and single platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections as well as @entity7245 ( @entity7245 ) injections in different stages of @entity571 ( @entity571 ) of the knee. METHODS: A total of 162 @entity1 with different stages of knee @entity571 were randomly divided into four groups receiving 3 IA doses of PRP, one dose of PRP, one dose of @entity7245 or a saline injection (control). Then, each group was subdivided into two groups: @entity571 (Kellgren-Lawrence grade 0 with cartilage degeneration @entity816 ) and advanced @entity571 (Kellgren-Lawrence grade IV). The @entity1 were evaluated before the injection and at the 6-month follow-ups using the EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective scores. Adverse events and @entity1 satisfaction were recorded. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant improvement in the IKDC and EQ-VAS scores in all the treatment groups compared with the control group. The knee scores of @entity1 treated with three PRP injections were significantly better than those @entity1 of the other groups. There was no significant difference in the scores of @entity1 injected with one dose of PRP or @entity7245 . In the @entity571 subgroups, significantly better clinical results were achieved in the @entity1 treated with three PRP injections, but there was no significant difference in the clinical results of @entity1 with advanced @entity571 among the treatment groups. CONCLUSION: The clinical results of this study suggest IA PRP and @entity7245 treatment for all stages of knee @entity571 . For @entity1 with @entity571 , multiple (3) PRP injections are useful in achieving better clinical results. For @entity1 with advanced @entity571 , multiple injections do not significantly improve the results of @entity1 in any group. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: I.

title: Multiple PRP injections are more effective than single injections and XXXX in knees with early @entity571 : a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['or grade I-III']

entities_list: @entity7245 :: ('MESH:D000592', 'Disease') :: ['hyaluronic acid', 'HA']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA', 'early OA']

answer: @entity7245 :: (MESH:D000592,Disease) :: ['hyaluronic acid']


abstract: @entity75 ( @entity75 ), as visualized on T2-weighted or FLAIR MRI, are a common finding in older @entity1 , but their clinical significance and influence on cognitive function remain to be clarified. We investigated the relationship between @entity75 in deep white and gray matter structures and cognition in older subjects. We recruited 154 nondemented (Mini-Mental State Examination > 24) subjects (79 males) over the age of 70 from primary care (103 subjects with mild @entity101 and 51 normotensive subjects). All subjects underwent FLAIR and proton density and T2-weighted axial 1.5-tesla MRI scans (slice thickness: 5 mm). The scans were rated for the presence and distribution of @entity75 in the subcortical gray matter (caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, thalamus) and associated white matter tracts (internal/external capsule). Subjects (n = 149) underwent a comprehensive cognitive assessment involving tests of attention, processing speed, episodic memory, working memory, and executive function. Partial correlations (correcting for age, systolic blood pressure, and New Adult Reading Test [NART] score) were performed to investigate the relationship between cognition and white matter change. @entity75 were found in 49% of subjects. @entity75 in both the gray (thalamus and caudate) and white matter were significantly associated with @entity73 in tasks involving processing speed and/or executive function, but showed no associations with @entity2414 . @entity75 in both subcortical gray matter structures and associated fiber tracts correlate with impairments in attention, executive function and processing, and memory retrieval speed in nondemented older community-dwelling subjects. Such lesions may be an important cause of age-related attentional and @entity409 in the elderly, as well as temporal lobe and hippocampal changes that have previously been reported to be associated with impairments to the ability to actually store and retrieve information from memory.

title: Cognitive associations of subcortical white matter lesions in older XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['HL', 'Hyperintense lesions']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired cognitive function']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['executive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['episodic or working memory']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Symptomatic @entity551 (SOH) and @entity1163 ( @entity1163 ) can be disabling. @entity21172 has been proposed in the management of @entity1 with these conditions but its impact on @entity1 important outcomes remains uncertain. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity21172 in @entity1 with SOH and @entity1163 . METHODS: We searched multiple electronic databases without language restriction from their inception to June 2013. We included randomized controlled trials of @entity1 with SOH or @entity1163 that compared treatment with @entity21172 against a control and reported data on @entity1 important outcomes. We graded the quality of evidence according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach. RESULTS: Eleven trials involving 593 @entity1 were included in this review. Three studies addressed health-related quality of life in @entity1 with @entity1163 , showing improvement with @entity21172 : risk difference 14% (95% confidence interval [CI] -3.5 to 31.6), very low confidence. Seven studies addressed symptom improvement and provided poolable data showing improvement with @entity21172 in @entity1 with SOH: risk difference 32.8% (95% CI 13.5-48), low confidence; and @entity1163 : risk difference 63.3% (95% CI 47.6-68.2), very low confidence. Five studies reported @entity1163 in @entity1 with @entity1163 showing improvement with @entity21172 : risk difference 37% (95% CI 20.8%-47.4%), moderate confidence. The most frequent side effects in the @entity21172 arm were pilomotor reactions (33.6%, risk ratio 4.58 [95% CI 2.03-10.37]). CONCLUSIONS: Evidence warranting low/moderate confidence suggests that @entity21172 improves clinical important outcomes in @entity1 with SOH and @entity1163 .

title: @entity21172 for @entity551 and XXXX : A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity21172 :: ('MESH:D008879', 'Chemical') :: ['midodrine', 'Midodrine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['RRS', 'recurrent reflex syncope', 'syncope recurrence']

answer: @entity1163 :: (MESH:D013575,Disease) :: ['recurrent reflex syncope']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. @entity479 -resistant @entity2132 is associated with poor outcome, and no commonly accepted salvage therapy is available for its treatment. Here, we report 58 adult @entity1 treated with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as salvage therapy for @entity479 -refractory @entity2132 . Third-party MSCs expanded in platelet lysate-containing medium were transfused at a median dose of 0.99 * 10(6) cells/kg bodyweight. A median of two MSC infusions were administered to each @entity1 . Median time between the onset of @entity2132 and the first infusion of MSCs was 12 days (range, 6-62 days). Most @entity1 (79%) had grade IV @entity2132 . Five @entity1 showed complete response, five showed very good partial response, 17 showed partial response, and 31 showed no response. The estimated probability of survival after 1 year was 19%, and median survival was 69 days. Overall survival was not significantly different from that of a historical cohort of @entity1 receiving alternative salvage therapy and no MSC infusions. In conclusion, MSC treatment on top of conventional immunosuppression was associated with an overall response rate of 47% but improved outcome in terms of survival remains to be shown. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Treatment of Acute XXXX -Refractory GvHD: Clinical Responses and Long-Term Outcome.

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['aGvHD', 'Acute graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity479 :: ('D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid', 'Steroid']

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['Steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previously, early results were reported for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) after nonmyeloablative conditioning with 2 Gy of total body irradiation with or without @entity3118 and/or rituximab in 33 @entity1 with @entity1073 ( @entity1073 ). METHODS: This study examined the outcomes of 70 @entity1 with @entity1073 and included extended follow-up (median, 10 years) for the 33 initial @entity1 . Grafts were obtained from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched, related donors (47%), unrelated donors (41%), and HLA antigen-mismatched donors (11%). RESULTS: The 5-year incidence of nonrelapse mortality was 28%. The relapse rate was 26%. The 5-year rates of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 55% and 46%, respectively. The 10-year rates of @entity1349 and PFS were 44% and 41%, respectively. Eighty percent of surviving @entity1 were off immunosuppression at the last follow-up. The presence of relapsed or @entity66 at the time of HCT predicted a higher rate of relapse (hazard ratio [HR], 2.94; P = .05). Despite this, @entity1349 rates at 5 (51% vs 58%) and 10 years (43% vs 45%) were comparable between those with relapsed/ @entity66 and those undergoing transplantation with partial or complete remission. A high-risk cytomegalovirus ( @entity2834 ) status was the only independent predictor of worse @entity1349 (HR, 2.32; P = .02). A high-risk @entity2834 status and a low CD3 dose predicted PFS (HR, 2.22; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Nonmyeloablative allogeneic HCT provides a long-term survival benefit for @entity1 with relapsed @entity1073 , including those with @entity66 or multiple relapses. @entity5 2015;121:3709-3716.    2015 American @entity5 Society.

title: Long-term sustained disease control in XXXX with @entity1073 with or without active disease after treatment with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation after nonmyeloablative conditioning.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['refractory disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle cell lymphoma', 'MCL']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: At present, no universally accepted recommendations exist for @entity320 follow-up. Various surveillance strategies, some associated with significant cost, others of uncertain value, are routinely used. This study aimed to evaluate of the costs incurred for varied surveillance strategies practiced in Europe and the USA. One thousand nine hundred and sixty-nine @entity320 @entity1 with @entity5 attending the Department of Dermatology, University of Tuebingen for follow-up between 1996 and 1998 participated in the study. Routine surveillance consisted of cutaneous examination, lymph node and abdomen sonography, chest radiograph (CR) and blood tests. The costs incurred were based upon the 2004 German official scale for medical reimbursement and the 2004 Medicare fee reimbursement schedule (USA). The total charges were based on the number of recurrences detected per stage. Recurrences were detected in 1.5% of @entity1 with stage I, 18.0% in stage II, and 68.6% in stage III. Physical examination was the most effective method, detecting 50.0% of recurrences. Lymph node sonography was effective in stage II-III, detecting 13.2% of recurrences; CR and abdominal sonography, detecting 4.5 and 3.4% of recurrences, were deemed beneficial in stage III. Blood tests detected 1.4% of recurrences and were deemed to be ineffective. Computed tomography scans were valuable in clarifying ambiguous findings and helping to detect 22.5% of recurrences (1.9% in stage I, 1.9% in stage II, and 18.6% in stage III). A risk-adapted surveillance strategy for stage I-II including thorough history, physical examination and lymph node sonography but omitting CR, blood work and abdomen sonography, seems appropriate and cost effective.

title: Costs of the detection of metastases and follow-up examinations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage I-III disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['cutaneous melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study methods of diagnosis and treatment for @entity55 ( @entity6185 ), outbreak of the illness in Guangzhou during Jan. - Mar., 2003. METHODS: 190 cases with @entity55 were analyzed, and the cases were admitted in Guangzhou municipal First Hospital and Guangzhou municipal Eighth Hospital. RESULTS: @entity1 were infected by close quarters contacting each other. All @entity1 manifest high fever, and accompany by @entity1353 , cough, palpitate, @entity425 , @entity10 and swirl. Other 46 cases were accompanied by @entity294 . Most of @entity1 , manifestation of lungs was negative. Chest X-ray, shadow of lungs were light in beginning, and change to severity slowly or suddenly during 5 - 10 days. Of these cases, 36 cases develop to @entity649 and 11 cases died with severity @entity649 . Using general antibiotic was of no effect for the illness. Continual positive airway pressure (CPAP) and glucocorticoid was required that can control deprivation of the disease when @entity8956 symptom of @entity1 was severity and shadow of lungs diffuse more and more. CONCLUSION: Infectivity of the illness is evidence and spread by airway. Using general antibiotic was of no effect for the illness. Continual positive airway pressure (CPAP) and glucocorticoid are effective for control of the disease.

title: [Clinical analysis of 190 cases of outbreak with XXXX in Guangzhou in spring, 2003].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6185 :: ('MESH:D045169', 'Disease') :: ['Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['atypical pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity8956 :: ('MESH:C565846', 'Disease') :: ['toxicosis']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['atypical pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 are increasingly being admitted with chronic @entity955 , and disease-specific management might reduce recurrent admissions and prolong survival. However, evidence is scant to support the application of this therapeutic approach. We aimed to assess SAFETY--a management strategy that is specific to @entity955 . METHODS: We did a pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial in @entity1 admitted with chronic, non-valvular @entity955 (but not @entity712 ). @entity1 were recruited from three tertiary referral hospitals in Australia. 335 @entity1 were randomly assigned by computer-generated schedule (stratified for rhythm or rate control) to either standard management (n=167) or the SAFETY intervention (n=168). Standard management consisted of routine primary care and hospital outpatient follow-up. The SAFETY intervention comprised a home visit and Holter monitoring 7-14 days after discharge by a cardiac nurse with prolonged follow-up and multidisciplinary support as needed. Clinical reviews were undertaken at 12 and 24 months (minimum follow-up). Coprimary outcomes were @entity204 or unplanned readmission (both all-cause), measured as event-free survival and the proportion of actual versus maximum days alive and out of hospital. Analyses were done on an intention-to-treat basis. The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTRN 12610000221055). FINDINGS: During median follow-up of 905 days (IQR 773-1050), 49 @entity1 died and 987 unplanned admissions were recorded (totalling 5530 days in hospital). 127 (76%) @entity1 assigned to the SAFETY intervention died or had an unplanned readmission (median event-free survival 183 days [IQR 116-409]) and 137 (82%) @entity1 allocated standard management achieved a coprimary outcome (199 days [116-249]; hazard ratio 0  97, 95% CI 0  76-1  23; p=0  851). @entity1 assigned to the SAFETY intervention had 99  5% maximum event-free days (95% CI 99  3-99  7), equating to a median of 900 (IQR 767-1025) of 937 maximum days alive and out of hospital. By comparison, those allocated to standard management had 99  2% (95% CI 98  8-99  4) maximum event-free days, equating to a median of 860 (IQR 752-1047) of 937 maximum days alive and out of hospital (effect size 0  22, 95% CI 0  21-0  23; p=0  039). INTERPRETATION: A post-discharge management programme specific to @entity955 was associated with proportionately more days alive and out of hospital (but not prolonged event-free survival) relative to standard management. Disease-specific management is a possible strategy to improve poor health outcomes in @entity1 admitted with chronic @entity955 . FUNDING: National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia.

title: Standard versus XXXX -specific management strategy (SAFETY) to reduce recurrent admission and prolong survival: pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Most studies assess the prevalence of @entity101 in pediatric populations based on blood pressure (BP) readings taken on a single visit. We determined the prevalence of @entity101 measured on up to three visits in a Swiss pediatric population and examined the association between @entity101 and overweight and selected other factors. METHODS: Anthropometric data and BP were measured in all @entity1 of the sixth school grade of the Vaud canton (Switzerland) in 2005-2006. 'Elevated BP' was defined according to sex-specific, age-specific and height-specific US reference data. BP was measured on up to two additional visits in @entity1 with elevated BP. ' @entity101 ' was defined as 'elevated BP' on all three visits. RESULTS: Out of 6873 @entity1 , 5207 (76%) participated [2621 @entity1 , 2586 @entity1 ; mean (SD) age, 12.3 (0.5) years]. The prevalence of elevated BP was 11.4, 3.8 and 2.2% on first, second and thirds visits, respectively; hence 2.2% had @entity101 . Among @entity101 @entity1 , 81% had isolated systolic @entity101 . @entity101 was associated with excess body weight, elevated heart rate and parents' history of @entity101 . Of the @entity1 , 16.1% of @entity1 and 12.4% of @entity1 were @entity28 (CDC criteria, body mass index >or= 85th percentile). Thirty-seven percent of cases of @entity101 could be attributed to overweight or @entity28 . CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of @entity1 with elevated BP based on one visit was five times higher than based on three measurements taken at few-week intervals. Our data re-emphasize the need for prevention and control of overweight in @entity1 to curb the global @entity101 burden.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in schoolchildren based on repeated measurements and association with overweight.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['overweight or obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity470 is upregulated in the majority of @entity213 ( @entity213 ). However, many @entity1 with @entity213 respond poorly to the @entity470 inhibitors (EGFRI) cetuximab and @entity3866 , despite @entity5 expression of @entity470 . Gene expression analysis of @entity3866 -treated @entity213 cells revealed an upregulation of genes involved in @entity4100 -dependent signaling compared with their respective vehicle-treated cell lines. We therefore investigated whether @entity4100 -dependent signaling may reduce the antitumor efficacy of EGFRIs in @entity213 . @entity3866 significantly upregulated @entity650 secretion in @entity213 cell lines, which our laboratory previously reported to result in reduced drug efficacy. Suppression of @entity4100 expression blocked @entity3866 -induced @entity650 secretion in vitro and increased the antitumor activity of @entity3866 in vivo. There was little evidence of Toll-like receptor or @entity8923 receptor involvement in @entity3866 -induced @entity650 secretion. However, suppression of @entity10496 signaling significantly reduced @entity3866 -induced @entity650 production. A time-dependent increase of @entity1192 but not @entity1356 was observed in response to @entity3866 treatment, and @entity1192 blockade significantly increased the antitumor activity of @entity3866 and cetuximab in vivo. A pan-caspase inhibitor reduced @entity3866 -induced @entity1192 secretion, suggesting that @entity1192 was released because of cell death. @entity1 @entity213 showed higher @entity1192 mRNA levels compared with matched normal tissue, and @entity1192 was found to be negatively correlated with survival in @entity1 with @entity213 . Overall, the @entity1192 / @entity10496 / @entity4100 / @entity650 pathway may be responsible for the reduced antitumor efficacy of @entity3866 and other EGFRIs, and blockade of @entity1356 signaling may improve the efficacy of EGFRIs in the treatment of @entity213 .

title: XXXX -Dependent Signaling Decreases the Antitumor Efficacy of @entity470 Inhibition in Head and Neck Cancer Cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['HNSCC tumors', 'HNSCC', 'head and neck squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib', 'Erlotinib']

answer: @entity4100 :: (4615,Gene) :: ['MyD88']


abstract: @entity10558 was shown to alleviate renal, gastrointestinal and @entity548 -induced @entity1545 in @entity35 . In order to investigate the neuroprotective effects of @entity10558 on @entity410 -induced oxidative @entity1545 , an @entity302 was induced with a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of @entity5093 ( @entity17202 , 45mg/kg) in male @entity35 . Thirty minutes before the @entity17202 injection, @entity35 were treated with either saline or @entity10558 (1 g/kg, i.p.). @entity410 was video-taped and then evaluated by using Racine's scoring (0-5). For the assessment of memory function, passive-avoidance test was performed before @entity410 induction, which was repeated on the 3rd day of @entity410 . The @entity35 were decapitated at the 24th or 72nd hour of @entity410 and brain tissues were obtained for histopathological examination and for measuring levels of @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ), reactive @entity26 radicals and @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) activity. @entity10558 treatment reduced the average @entity410 score, decreased the occurrence and duration of generalized @entity410 , presenting with a shorter latency to their onset. Increased lipid peroxidation and enhanced generation of @entity26 -derived radicals detected at the post- @entity410 72nd h were suppressed by the consecutive treatments of @entity10558 , but no changes were observed by the single @entity10558 treatment in the 24-h @entity410 group. @entity528 and increased @entity40 immunoreactivity, observed in the hippocampal areas and cortex of @entity17202 -induced @entity35 were alleviated in 3-day @entity10558 -treated @entity17202 group. @entity17202 -induced @entity2414 was significantly improved in @entity10558 -treated @entity17202 group as compared to saline-treated @entity35 . The present data indicate that @entity10558 ameliorated the severity of @entity17202 -induced @entity410 , improved @entity2414 and reduced @entity528 by limiting oxidative damage.

title: @entity10558 improves oxidative brain damage and @entity2414 in @entity35 induced with an XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizure', 'tonic-clonic seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity10558 :: ('MESH:D054439', 'Chemical') :: ['Obestatin', 'obestatin']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizure']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rats', 'Wistar rats']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage', 'Neuronal damage']

entities_list: @entity5093 :: ('MESH:D010433', 'Chemical') :: ['pentylenetetrazole']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic seizure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity2 , @entity2290 , its receptor ( @entity10431 ), and the inhibitors @entity2289 and @entity10933 of the plasminogen activator family interact with @entity1476 and @entity1495 of the MMP family to promote @entity5 progression. However, it remains undetermined which of these markers plays the most important role and may be the most useful indicator to stratify the @entity1 by risk. METHODS: We determined the individual prognostic value of these 6 markers by analyzing a derivation cohort with 98 @entity1149 @entity1 by immunohistochemical staining. The correlation between the IHC expression levels of these markers and disease prognosis was investigated, and an immunohistochemical panel for prognostic prediction was subsequently generated through prognostic model analysis. The value of the immunohistochemical panel was then verified by a validation cohort with 91 @entity2 @entity1 . RESULTS: In derivation cohort, @entity10933 is the most powerful prognostic factor (HR = 2.30; P = 0.001), followed by @entity1495 (HR = 2.09; P = 0.019) according to multivariate analysis. When combining @entity10933 and @entity1495 , the most unfavorable prognostic group (low @entity10933 and high @entity1495 IHC expression levels) showed a 6.40-fold increased risk of a poor prognosis compared to the most favorable prognostic group (high @entity10933 and low @entity1495 IHC expression levels). @entity10933 and @entity1495 IHC panel could more precisely identify high risk @entity1 in both derivation and validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS: We revealed @entity10933 as the most powerful prognostic marker among PA and MMP protease family even after considering their close relationships with each other. By utilizing a combination of @entity10933 and @entity1495 , more precise prognostic information than merely using pathological stage alone can be obtained for @entity2 @entity1 .

title: Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-2 Plays a Leading Prognostic Role among Protease Families in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: Active compounds can be protected against degradation by incorporation into colloidal carrier systems. The stabilizing effect of carrier systems for @entity57249 (AP) was investigated using microemulsions (ME), liposomes and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Analysis of chemical stability by HPLC showed that AP is most resistant against oxidation in non-hydrogenated @entity1460 lecithin liposomes, followed by @entity5 , w/o and o/w ME, and hydrogenated @entity1460 lecithin liposomes. The molecular environment of the AP-like @entity29254 probe (C(16)-Tempo) in colloidal carriers was characterized using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. We have found that the @entity29254 groups are located in environments with different polarity and mobility. The hydrophilic part of AP is the reactive moiety, and high stability is obtained in systems in which this part is exposed to a less polar environment. Additionally, the determined accessibility of @entity29254 groups to reduction correlated well with the chemical stability of AP. It is more deeply immersed in the interface when entrapped in a liquid-state carrier than when applied in gel-state particles. Encapsulation of AP in @entity5 core leads to greater stability. We conclude that the location of the sensitive group of the drug-molecule in a carrier system is crucial for its stability.

title: Effect of colloidal carriers on XXXX stability.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['solid lipid nanoparticles', 'SLN']

entities_list: @entity57249 :: ('MESH:C031226', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbyl palmitate']

entities_list: @entity29254 :: ('CHEBI:29767', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroxide']

answer: @entity57249 :: (MESH:C031226,Chemical) :: ['ascorbyl palmitate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: Abnormal oxidative stress is an established feature of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Markers of lipoperoxidation and deficits in serum antioxidants could have a predictive value for identifying subjects at risk of @entity303 and to predict @entity73 . Objective: Search for relationships between the levels of some oxidative stress biomarkers and cognitive function decline that would help predict this decline. Methods: The study solicited and included 97 @entity1 aged 63 to 93 years with various suspected @entity179 (35 with @entity195 ). They were followed up at six-month intervals over two years (2010-2012). The study: i) assessed the blood levels of @entity2041 peroxidase, @entity2041 , and @entity1234 ; ii) performed the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), the Clock Drawing test, the free/cued recall task with 16-item lists, and the cue percentage; the Trail Making Test; and iii) acquired brain magnetic resonance imaging or tomodensitometry. The primary outcome measure was the MMSE score. Results: The MMSE score was correlated with the score of each neuropsychological test, the age at baseline, and the @entity2041 level. On average, the decline in the MMSE score was 1.63 points per six months. A 100 International Unit increase in @entity2041 peroxidase was associated with an average loss of 1.19 MMSE points per six months (p = 0.002). A 100  mol/L increase in @entity2041 was associated with an average loss of 1.80 MMSE points per six months (p = 0.014). Conclusion: Oxidative stress biomarkers, especially @entity2041 peroxidase and @entity2041 , may predict the course of @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity195 or other @entity179 .

title: Influence of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders', 'neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive Decline']


abstract: The time course for delivery and transport of two major @entity778 (HSV) has been determined for mature @entity19 retinal ganglion cell axons in vivo. Twenty-four hours after intravitreal injection of HSV, @entity6933 was introduced into the drinking water of the @entity19 to inhibit subsequent viral replication. Without treatment, viral spread and replication in periaxonal glial cells confound study of axonal transport. At 2 to 5 days after @entity281 , the animals were sacrificed and contiguous segments of the optic pathway were removed. Immunofluorescence microscopy indicated that the number of infected astrocytes was reduced in the proximal optic nerve and eliminated in the optic tract. Western blots of the retina with antibodies for envelope and capsid components, @entity43985 ( @entity43985 ) and VP5, respectively, revealed that both components were expressed in retinal homogenates by 2 days. Results of reverse transcription-PCR indicated that there was no @entity43985 mRNA present in the treated optic tract 5 days after @entity281 . Therefore, we conclude that @entity43985 is transcribed from viral mRNA in the retinal ganglion cell bodies. The @entity43985 accumulated in the proximal ganglion cell axon by 2 days and reached the most distal segment after 3 days. The VP5 first appeared in the proximal axons at 4 days, about 48 h after the appearance of @entity43985 . Thus, @entity43985 entered the axon earlier and independent of VP5. These finding confirm the subassembly model of viral transport in neurons and suggest that there is a 4- to 5-day window for initiation of effective antiviral treatment with @entity6933 .

title: @entity778 in a mature XXXX visual system.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['proteins of herpes simplex virus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6933 :: ('MESH:C084555', 'Chemical') :: ['valacyclovir']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the use of rehabilitation in the acute care setting and its impact on hospital readmissions. OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to examine the association between the intensity of rehabilitation services received during the acute care stay for @entity64 and the risk of 30-day and 90-day hospital readmission. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort analysis of all acute care hospitals in Arkansas and Florida. METHODS: 64,065 @entity1 who were admitted for an incident @entity64 in 2009 or 2010 were included. Rehabilitation intensity was categorized as none, low, medium low, medium high, or high based on the sum and distribution of physical, occupational, and speech therapy charges within each hospital. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios, controlling for demographic characteristics, illness severity, comorbidities, hospital variables, and state. RESULTS: Relative to @entity1 who received the lowest intensity therapy, those who received higher intensity therapy had a decreased risk of 30-day readmission. The risk was lowest for the highest intensity group [HR: 0.86 (0.79-0.93)]. We also found that individuals who received no therapy were at an increased risk of hospital readmission relative to those who received low intensity therapy [HR: 1.30 (1.22-1.40)]. Our findings were similar, but with smaller effects, for 90-day readmission. Furthermore, @entity1 who received higher intensity therapy had more comorbidities and greater illness severity relative to those who received lower intensity rehabilitation. LIMITATIONS: Our results are limited in scope and generalizability. Also, we may not have adequately accounted for all potentially important covariates. CONCLUSIONS: Receipt of and intensity of rehabilitation therapy in the acute care of @entity64 is associated with a decreased risk of hospital readmission.

title: Association of Rehabilitation Intensity for XXXX and Risk of Hospital Readmission.

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the course of the carotid artery (CA) and @entity2998 important for neck surgery using conventional and three-dimensional computer tomography (3D CT). This was designed as an observational study with retrospective CT and 3D CT angiography analysis. 4,000 CAs depicted on 2,000 CT angiographies were analyzed to determine the relationship of common, internal, and external portions of the CA to the neck organs, with special emphasis on the thyroid gland area and organs involved in the neck dissection surgery. A total of 47 out of 4,000 imaged CAs had @entity154 (1.18  %). These anomalies were found in 45 @entity1 , unilaterally in 33 and bilaterally in two. The level of the common CA bifurcation to internal and external CAs was rarely abnormal. It was at the level of C5 and C6 in two cases only (0.05  %). The common CA, either aberrant or tortuous, ran abnormally close to the thyroid gland in 22 cases (0.55  %). In planning neck dissection surgery, laryngectomy, or thyroidectomy, the surgeon should bear in mind that @entity2998 are present in approximately 1.2  % of cases. Preoperative conventional CT angiography or 3D CT allows precise identification of anomalous CAs, thereby reducing the possible risk of @entity3816 .

title: Preoperative XXXX of carotid arteries in the neck surgery.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['CA anomalies', 'define CA anomalies']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative injury']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['detection of anomalies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The emerging health benefit of virgin coconut oil (VCO) has been associated with its potent natural antioxidants; however, the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of VCO against @entity1499 -induced @entity409 and oxidative stress remains unexplored. The study explored the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of VCO against oxidative stress and @entity409 induced by anticancer drug @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ) in @entity35 . METHODS: @entity409 was induced in @entity35 pretreated with dietary supplementation of VCO (5% and 15%) by intraperitoneal administration of @entity6822 (20mg/kg bw) on day 10 only. After 12days of treatment, assays for serum liver biomarkers (aminotransferases), alkaline phosphatase, albumin and total protein as well as hepatic content of @entity1234 , reduced @entity2041 and antioxidant enzymes ( @entity224 dismutase, @entity12609 , @entity2041 peroxidase) were carried out. Liver was used to examine histopathological changes. RESULTS: @entity6822 administration induced significant increase in serum liver enzymes along with marked decrease in albumin and total protein compared to control group. Hepatic activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly decreased, while @entity1234 increased significantly. Treatment with VCO supplemented diet prior to @entity6822 administration attenuated @entity6822 -induced @entity99 and oxidative stress evidenced by significant improvements in serum liver markers, hepatic antioxidant enzymes and @entity1234 comparable to control group. Histopathological alterations were prevented and correlated well with the biochemical indices. CONCLUSION: The study suggests antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of VCO supplementation against hepatotoxicity and oxidative damage via improving antioxidant defense system in @entity35 . Our findings may have beneficial application in the management of hepatotoxicity associated with @entity6822 @entity5 chemotherapy.

title: Virgin coconut oil supplementation attenuates acute chemotherapy hepatotoxicity induced by anticancer drug @entity1499 via inhibition of oxidative stress in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver damage', 'liver damage']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Wistar rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Left ventricular (LV) remodeling is closely linked to the progression of @entity712 . There are limited data on the epidemiology of new onset LV remodeling among elderly @entity1 , which requires further investigation. METHOD: We examined data from a community-based cohort of @entity1 aged   >   65 years, who had received   >   2 echocardiography scans from 2009 to 2014. Exclusion criteria for @entity1 included prior echocardiographic evidence of @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) or @entity1184 (LVH). @entity1002 was defined as the index of left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole to height, and LVH was defined as the left ventricular mass and thickness index which indicate @entity1184 . RESULTS: Of the 474 subjects (age 71.85        6.47 years), 49 (10.3%) developed LVH, while 55 (11.6%) developed @entity1002 during the mean follow-up period of 5 years. Independent predictors of LVH included: central blood pressure (CBP, per 10 mmHg) [HR 1.094, 95% CI 1.011-1.202], BMI  25(kg/m (2))[HR 1.306, 95% CI 1.175-1.434], @entity3876 ( @entity3876 )   >=    100 (pg/mL) [HR 1.635, 95% CI 1.107-3.311] and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) >= 16 m/s [HR 1.605, 95% CI 1.474-2.039]. Predictors of @entity1002 were CBP (per 10 mmHg) [HR 1.121, 95% CI 1.027-1.238], BMI  25(kg/m (2))[HR 1.302, 95% CI 1.173-1.444], Low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) [HR 1.193, 95%CI 1.013-1.405] and E/e' ratio [HR 1.077, 95% CI 1.017-1.140]. CONCLUSION: CBP and BMI were demonstrated to be independent and robust predictors of left ventricular remodeling among elderly @entity1 , including both @entity1002 and LVH. @entity3876 and baPWV were specifically related to the development of LVH, whereas LDL-C and E/e' ratio were related to @entity1002 .

title: Incidence and predictors of left ventricular remodeling among elderly Asian XXXX : a community-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'B-type natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVE', 'left ventricular enlargement']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Porcine IVF faces various problems such as incomplete cytoplasmic maturation of the oocyte and polyspermy. Previous studies proved the importance of @entity268 in regulating nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of oocytes. This study investigated the effect of the @entity268 -modulating agents @entity1922 ( @entity1922 ) and dibutyryl cAMP sodium salt ( @entity5393 ) on several parameters during in  vitro production of porcine embryos. First, we wanted to see if oocyte collection in @entity1922 could meiotically arrest oocytes and, as such, improve synchronization of nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation. To this end, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from gilts in HEPES-buffered Tyrode balanced salt solution medium with 0.5-mM @entity1922 or without @entity1922 . At the end of oocyte collection, the effect of @entity1922 on chromatin configuration was evaluated. However, no differences could be observed in nuclear configuration between @entity1922 - and @entity1922 + oocytes (P  >  0.05). Second, we added @entity5393 during IVM to improve cytoplasmic maturation and evaluated cumulus expansion (lack of adhesion), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin-like repeats ( @entity65999 ) levels in cumulus cells, fertilization, and blastocyst rates. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in modified North Carolina State University medium 37 with or without 1-mM @entity5393 . Frozen-thawed, epididymal, boar spermatozoa were used for IVF. After IVF, presumed zygotes were cultured for 7  days in North Carolina State University medium 23. Penetration rate decreased in @entity5393 + (57.3%) compared with @entity5393 - (67.8%), but the polyspermy rate also decreased (43.3% vs. 53.4%, respectively) leading to an increased normal fertilization rate (56.7% vs. 46.6%, respectively; P  <  0.05). Only 7.2% of the COCs showed adhesion in @entity5393 + which was lower than 15.7% in @entity5393 - (P  <  0.05) probably because of an upregulation of the @entity65999 protein by @entity5393 . When the adherent oocytes were removed during maturation, no difference could be detected between the blastocyst rate of @entity5393 - and @entity5393 + (17.1% and 21.0% on Day 7, respectively; P  >  0.05). In conclusion, the use of @entity1922 during collection did not cause a @entity1167 . Using @entity5393 during IVM caused a greater normal fertilization rate, a lower rate of adherent COCs during IVM, higher levels of @entity65999 in cumulus cells, and an equal blastocyst rate after screening out adherent COCs. These findings contribute to a better understanding of @entity268 involvement in porcine oocyte maturation and provide a basis to develop an improved system with less polyspermy and higher blastocyst rates.

title: Increasing the XXXX concentration during in  vitro maturation of pig oocytes improves cumulus maturation and subsequent fertilization in  vitro.

entities_list: @entity1922 :: ('MESH:D015056', 'Chemical') :: ['3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine', 'IBMX']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['meiotic arrest']

answer: @entity268 :: (CHEBI:17489,Chemical) :: ['cAMP']


abstract: A real-time reverse transcription-PCR system has been used to monitor the expression of an @entity11189 biosynthetic gene of @entity11792 in @entity3505 . Therefore, total RNA was isolated from infected @entity3505 samples, reverse transcribed and subjected to real-time PCR. In parallel all samples were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography for @entity4078 production. The primer-probe system of the real-time PCR was targeted against nor-1, a gene of the @entity11189 biosynthetic pathway. By application of this method the nor-1 transcription was quantified during the course of incubation. After 4 days of incubation nor-1 mRNA could be detected for the first time. The amount of nor-1 mRNA increased rapidly, and the maximum was achieved after 6 days. Then, starting very slowly, the mRNA was degraded until day 8, and this was followed by a very fast degradation, reaching nondetectable levels at days 9 and 10. First traces of @entity4078 could be detected between the 5th and 6th day of incubation. The @entity11189 concentration reached its maximum after 9 days of incubation and remained constant for the whole period of observation. To ensure that differences in the nor-1 mRNA concentration were due to different expression levels, the expression of the constitutively expressed beta-tubulin gene (benA56) has also been monitored. The expression of benA56 remained constant during the whole incubation time. As a parameter for fungal growth, the number of nor-1 gene copies was determined during the course of incubation. The numbers of nor-1 gene copies increased at the beginning of the incubation and reached a plateau at day 5. They correlate well with the viable counts albeit at a higher level.

title: Monitoring the production of @entity4078 in XXXX by measuring the concentration of nor-1 mRNA.

entities_list: @entity11792 :: ('5059', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus flavus']

entities_list: @entity11189 :: ('MESH:D000348', 'Chemical') :: ['aflatoxin']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anti- @entity32 via inhibition of @entity14185 pathways in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is one therapeutic approach to hepatic @entity82 . @entity16217 ( @entity64167 , Tan IIA) is a lipophilic @entity10085 isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, with reported anti-inflammatory activity. We tested whether Tan IIA could inhibit HSC activation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cell line of @entity35 hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6) was stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 ng/ml). @entity137 was assessed by @entity98 assay. HSC-T6 cells were pretreated with Tan IIA (1, 3 and 10   M), then induced by LPS (100 ng/ml). @entity14185 activity was evaluated by the luciferase reporter gene assay. Western blotting analysis was performed to measure @entity14185 - @entity12149 , and phosphorylations of MAPKs (ERK, JNK, @entity12220 ). Cell chemotaxis was assessed by both wound-healing assay and trans-well invasion assay. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect gene expression in HSC-T6 cells. RESULTS: All concentrations of drugs showed no cytotoxicity against HSC-T6 cells. LPS stimulated @entity14185 luciferase activities, nuclear translocation of @entity14185 - @entity12149 , and phosphorylations of ERK, JNK and @entity12220 , all of which were suppressed by Tan IIA. In addition, Tan IIA significantly inhibited LPS-induced @entity99 , in both wound-healing and trans-well invasion assays. Moreover, Tan IIA attenuated LPS-induced mRNA expressions of @entity657 , @entity9269 , @entity16620 , @entity3426 , @entity1505 , @entity568 , @entity1590 , @entity1506 , and a-SMA in HSC-T6 cells. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that Tan IIA decreased LPS-induced HSC activation.

title: Inhibitory effect of XXXX on @entity35 hepatic stellate cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['HSCs chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity10085 :: ('CHEBI:35190', 'Chemical') :: ['diterpene']

entities_list: @entity16217 :: ('MESH:C021751', 'Chemical') :: ['Tanshinone IIA']

answer: @entity16217 :: (MESH:C021751,Chemical) :: ['tanshinone IIA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: More than 85% of @entity1 affected by @entity981 ( @entity981 ) are successfully treated; however relapse remains a remarkable clinical concern, with 50-60% of relapsing @entity1 facing a fatal outcome. Management of relapsed @entity1 includes standardized intensive risk-adapted regimens based on conventional drugs, and hematopoietic stem cells transplantation for @entity1 with unfavourable features. Biological drugs, in particular the monoclonal antibody epratuzumab and the bi-functional recombinant single chain peptide blinatumomab, have been recently recognized as novel potential agents to be integrated in salvage @entity981 therapy to further improve rescue outcome. METHODS: A systematic search of peer-reviewed scientific literature and clinical trials in public databases has been carried out. Both clinical and pre-clinical studies have been included to summarize recent evidence on epratuzumab and blinatumomab for salvage @entity981 therapy. RESULTS: Sixty-two papers and 25 clinical trials were included. Although not all @entity1 responded properly to these agents, their use in relapsed and refractory pediatric @entity981 seems promising. CONCLUSION: Phase 3 studies have recently begun and more consistent results about epratuzumab and blinatumomab safety and efficacy in comparison to conventional therapies are expected in the next years. Epratuzumab seems safe in the dosing scheme proposed in @entity981 , but its efficacy over the conventional chemotherapy is still questionable. Blinatumomab has shown promising results in high risk cases such as elder adult @entity1 and conclusive studies on pediatric @entity981 are needed. @entity1 inter-individual variability to these agents has not been investigated in depth, but this issue needs to be addressed, in particular for blinatumomab.

title: Epratuzumab and Blinatumomab as Therapeutic Antibodies for Treatment of XXXX : Current Status and Future Perspectives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia']


abstract: Background. @entity772 survivors after @entity1167 are treated with mild induced @entity2332 and potent platelet- inhibiting drugs after coronary stenting. Previous studies have shown an increased incidence of stent @entity715 during @entity1397 and @entity117 treatment in conjunction with induced @entity2332 . The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effect of induced hypo- and @entity221 on blood from @entity1 undergoing ticagrelor- and @entity117 -mediated platelet inhibition. Methods. Whole blood from 15 @entity1 with @entity1187 who were treated with @entity3077 and @entity117 and from eight healthy volunteers was incubated for 1 hour at 28, 33, 37, and 39  C. Results. In blood from @entity1 with @entity1187 , the activated clotting time (Sonoclot) was prolonged in mild hypothermic (33  C) compared to normothermic (37  C) samples. Sonoclot, clotting rate and platelet function were decreased in hypothermic compared to normothermic samples. Platelet-induced activation and aggregation (Multiplate(  )) was unchanged in mild hypothermic compared to normothermic samples. In contrast, mild @entity2332 supported increased platelet activation as measured with flow cytometry with up-regulation of @entity23022 and @entity8729 on the platelet surface. Conclusion. In @entity1187 @entity1 treated with ticagrelor and @entity117 , in vitro @entity2332 to 33  C markedly increased platelet activity measured with flow cytometry, whereas @entity3459 test (Sonoclot) revealed a hypocoagulative response. Prospective clinical trials studying platelet inhibition at different temperatures and correlating changes in platelet function to @entity548 or stent occlusion are needed.

title: Temperature effects on haemostasis in whole blood from ticagrelor- and @entity117 -treated @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['Comatose']

entities_list: @entity3077 :: ('MESH:C503700', 'Chemical') :: ['ticagrelor']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['viscoelastic coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: @entity2926 and @entity9556 are important causes of acute @entity221 in Southeast Asia. Options for empirical therapy include @entity3403 and @entity4580 , but it is unclear whether their efficacies are equivalent. We conducted a multicenter, open, randomized controlled trial with adult @entity1 presenting with acute @entity221 (<15 days), without an obvious focus of infection, at four hospitals in Thailand between July 2003 and January 2005. @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive either a 7-day course of @entity3403 or a 3-day course of @entity4580 . The cure rate, @entity221 clearance time, and adverse drug events were compared between the two study groups. A total of 296 @entity1 were enrolled in the study. The cause of acute @entity221 was determined for 151 @entity1 (51%): 69 @entity1 (23.3%) had @entity2926 ; 57 @entity1 (19.3%) had @entity9556 ; 14 @entity1 (4.7%) had @entity19 typhus; and 11 @entity1 (3.7%) had evidence of both @entity2926 and a @entity281 . The efficacy of @entity4580 was not inferior to that of @entity3403 for the treatment of both @entity2926 and @entity9556 , with comparable @entity221 clearance times in the two treatment arms. Adverse events occurred more frequently in the @entity3403 group than in the @entity4580 group (27.6% and 10.6%, respectively; P = 0.02). In conclusion, @entity3403 is an affordable and effective choice for the treatment of both @entity2926 and @entity9556 . @entity4580 was better tolerated than @entity3403 but is more expensive and less readily available.

title: @entity3403 versus XXXX for treatment of @entity2926 and @entity9556 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9556 :: ('MESH:D012612', 'Disease') :: ['scrub typhus']

entities_list: @entity2926 :: ('MESH:D007922', 'Disease') :: ['leptospirosis', 'Leptospirosis']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin', 'Azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['rickettsial infection']

answer: @entity4580 :: (MESH:D017963,Chemical) :: ['azithromycin']


abstract: This study aimed (1) to examine the feasibility of an auricular point acupressure (APA) research protocol in terms of recruitment and for the assessment and management of @entity158 and (2) to examine the potential APA analgesic effects for @entity5 @entity1 . This study was a repeated-measures one-group design. @entity1 were recruited from the @entity5 center follow-up clinic affiliated with a large university hospital in the northeastern United States. @entity1 included 50 @entity1 aged 55-87 years with a diagnosis of @entity5 . @entity1 received 7 days of APA treatment for their @entity158 . After appropriate acupoints were identified, vaccaria seeds were carefully taped onto each selected auricular point on each ear. The study recruitment and retention rates were 92% and 91%, respectively. Importantly, the study found preliminary evidence for the analgesic effects of APA for @entity5 management. For example, by the end of the 7-day study, APA reduced @entity158 intensity more than 55% for " @entity158 " and about 57% for "average @entity158 " and " @entity158 intensity." Moreover, the use of @entity158 medication was reduced during the APA treatment (e.g., 78% of @entity1 [n = 39] took less @entity158 medication than before the treatment). APA appears to be highly acceptable to @entity1 with @entity5 . However, without a placebo control, we cannot draw conclusive evidence for the analgesic effect of APA for @entity5 @entity1 . A sham group must be added to future studies to differentiate the true effects of APA from the possible psychological effects of the APA treatment.

title: Auricular Point Acupressure as an Adjunct Analgesic Treatment for @entity5 XXXX : A Feasibility Study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related pain', 'cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'worst pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: CRA8007 Background: Heat shock protein 90 chaperone function is critical for the biological effects of several oncoproteins. Ganetespib (G) is a highly potent 2nd-generation @entity4041 inhibitor with a favorable safety profile and single-agent clinical activity. METHODS: Based on synergistic preclinical interactions between @entity1205 (D) and G, we conducted a randomized (1:1), international open-label study of D with or without G. @entity1 with advanced @entity2220 , one prior systemic therapy, and ECOG PS 0/1 were included. D was given at 75 mg/m(2) on day 1 of a three-week cycle. In the experimental arm, D was given on day 1 and G at 150 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 15. The co-primary endpoints were PFS in @entity1 with elevated LDH (eLDH) levels, or @entity5 harboring @entity984 mutations. Key secondary endpoints were @entity3012 and PFS in all @entity420 @entity1 . Target enrollment was 240 @entity420 , 120 eLDH, and 80 mKRAS @entity1 . Statistical tests are 1-sided. RESULTS: Enrollment of 255 @entity420 @entity1 completed in November 2012; results are reported for this population. @entity1 characteristics were balanced (median age 60 years, males ~60%, PS 0 ~40% and never-smoker ~25%). For D+G vs. D the median number of cycles delivered was 5 vs. 4; the grade 3/4 adverse events were @entity1398 38% vs. 37%; fatigue 4% vs. 3%; @entity417 7% vs. 6%; diarrhea 3% vs. 0; @entity221 with @entity1398 8% vs. 2%. At the time of abstract submission @entity3012 HR was 0.69 (90% CI 0.48 to 0.99, p=0.093), the PFS HR was 0.70 (90% CI 0.53 to 0.94, p=0.012), and the ORR was 15% vs 11%, favoring D+G. For @entity1 that were enrolled >6 months after diagnosis of advanced NSCLC (N=175; 69%), a prespecified stratification factor, the @entity3012 HR was 0.41 (90% CI 0.25 to 0.67, p=0.0009), the PFS HR was 0.47 (90% CI 0.32 to 0.69, p=0.0005), and the ORR was 16% vs 12%. Updated results for both populations above, as well as for the eLDH and mKRAS subsets, will be presented. CONCLUSIONS: D+G demonstrated improvement in @entity3012 , PFS, and ORR over D alone for second-line therapy of @entity2220 . A phase III study in second-line advanced @entity420 @entity1 (> 6 months from diagnosis) is ongoing (GALAXY-2). CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION: NCT01348126.

title: A randomized study of ganetespib, a heat shock protein 90 inhibitor, in combination with @entity1205 versus XXXX alone for second-line therapy of @entity2220 (GALAXY-1).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Radiation, commonly employed as neoadjuvant, primary, and adjuvant therapy for @entity135 causes numerous epithelial and stromal changes, prominent among which is @entity82 with its early and late consequences. Very little is known about the true nature of the fibrosed tissue and the type of fibers accumulated. Radiotherapy affects the supporting @entity5 stroma often resulting in a worsening grade of @entity5 post-radiation. AIM: To study epithelial, neoplastic, stromal, and glandular changes in oral cavity induced by radiation therapy for @entity957 ( @entity957 ) using special stains. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 27 samples of recurrent @entity957 following completion of radiotherapy (recurrence within an average span of 11 months), and 26 non-irradiated cases of @entity957 . @entity1 with a history of combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy were not included in the study. The epithelial changes assessed included @entity194 , apoptosis, @entity39 , @entity1141 , and @entity5 . The connective tissue was evaluated for amount of @entity82 , quality of fibers (using picrosirius red staining), fibrinous exudate, @entity39 , pattern of invasion, vessel wall thickening, and salivary gland changes. The aforementioned changes were assessed using light and polarizing microscopy and tabulated. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Epithelial and connective tissue parameters were compared between the irradiated and non-irradiated cases using chi square and t-tests. RESULTS: Epithelial and connective tissue parameters were found to be increased in irradiated @entity1 . Pattern of invasion by @entity5 cells varied from strands and cords between the two groups studied. The effect of radiation was seen to reflect on the maturity of fibers and the regularity of their distribution.

title: Post-radiation changes in oral tissues - An analysis of XXXX irradiation cases.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis and prediction of @entity131 ( @entity131 ) is essential for determining treatment strategies and allocating resources. This study evaluated the predictive accuracy of Glasgow @entity772 , or in addition to pupil size and reactivity, for @entity131 . METHODS: A retrospective cohort analysis of data from 51 425 severely injured @entity1 registered in the @entity130 Registry of the German Society for @entity130 Surgery from 1993 to 2009 was undertaken. Only directly admitted @entity1 alive on admission and with complete data on GCS, pupil size and pupil reactivity were included. The unadjusted predictive roles of GCS components and pupil parameters, alone or in combination, were modelled using area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve analyses and multivariable logistic regression regarding presence of @entity131 and @entity204 . RESULTS: Some 24 115 @entity1 fulfilled the study inclusion criteria. Best accuracy for outcome prediction was found for pupil reactivity (AUROC 0.770, 95 per cent confidence interval 0.761 to 0.779) and GCS motor component (AUROC 0.797, 0.788 to 0.805), with less accuracy for @entity772 . The combination of pupil reactivity and GCS motor component (AUROC 0.822, 0.814 to 0.830) outmatched the predictive accuracy of GCS alone (AUROC 0.808, 0.800 to 0.815). Pupil reactivity and size were significantly correlated (r(s) = 0.56, P < 0.001). @entity1 displaying both unequal @entity2300 and fixed @entity2300 were most likely to have @entity131 (95.1 per cent of 283 @entity1 ). Good outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale score 4 or more) was documented for only 1929 @entity1 (8.0 per cent) showing fixed and bilateral dilated @entity2300 . CONCLUSION: The best predictive accuracy for presence of @entity131 was obtained using the GCS components. Pupil reactivity together with the GCS motor component performed best in predicting @entity204 .

title: Pupil evaluation in addition to Glasgow @entity772 Scale components in prediction of XXXX and mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['Coma Scale (GCS) verbal, motor and eye components alone', 'GCS eye and verbal components']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity110 ( @entity110 ) is defined as itchy wheals lasting 6 weeks or more. As the aged population increases worldwide, it is essential to identify the specific features of this disease in the elderly population. METHODS: We investigated the prevalence and clinical features of @entity110 in elderly @entity1 . Medical records of 837 @entity110 @entity1 from the outpatient Allergy Clinic of Ajou University Hospital, Korea were analyzed retrospectively. @entity1 with @entity110 according to the EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF/WAO guidelines were included. @entity1 older than 60 years were defined as elderly. RESULTS: Of the 837 @entity1 , 37 (4.5%) were elderly. In elderly versus nonelderly @entity110 @entity1 , the prevalence of @entity483 ( @entity483 ) was significantly higher (37.8% vs. 21.7%, respectively; p = 0.022), while that of @entity117 intolerance was lower (18.9% vs. 43.6%, respectively; p = 0.003) in terms of comorbid conditions. The prevalences of serum specific immunoglobulin E antibodies to staphylococcal enterotoxin A and staphylococcal enterotoxin B were considerably higher in elderly @entity110 @entity1 with @entity483 than in those without @entity483 (37.5% vs. 0%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Elderly @entity1 with @entity110 had a higher prevalence of @entity483 . Therefore, there is a need to recognize the existence of @entity483 in elderly @entity110 @entity1 .

title: Clinical features of elderly chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['CU', 'Chronic urticaria', 'chronic spontaneous urticaria']

answer: @entity110 :: (MESH:D014581,Disease) :: ['urticaria']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The paper presents an in-depth idiographic study exploring the experience of fathers who have an adult son with a cervical @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). Five @entity1 were recruited and individual semi-structured interviews were conducted. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Two superordinate themes are presented highlighting. First, the ongoing negative impact of their sons' injury on the @entity1 ' role as fathers'. This comprises the negative impact on emotions with guilt common for failing in their perceived role as a father. The dissonance experienced between wanting to help encourage their sons' independence. Concern experienced due to their sons altered life trajectory and @entity148 because they would not be alive to protect their son in the future. Second, how @entity1 cope and adjust to their son's @entity1566 are presented. Comprising of how positive thinking, such as focusing on their son surviving the @entity130 and the influence of seeing their son cope well affects how @entity1 cope. Also, reflecting on how the injury has changed their life helps @entity1 , to an extent, make sense of the @entity130 . The results are discussed in relation to the relevant extant literature to give a unique perspective about how @entity1566 impacts their perceived role as fathers and the struggle to cope and adjust to the @entity130 . Future research investigating the impact of @entity1566 on the family is warranted to better understand the wider implications.

title: Five fathers' experience of an adult son sustaining a cervical XXXX : an interpretative phenomenological analysis.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: @entity1854 ( @entity4982 ) has been widely used to control blood pressure in @entity1 and @entity1 . The goals of this analysis were to develop models that describe the hemodynamic response to @entity4982 dosing in pediatric @entity1 ; examine sources of variation in dose-response, defining age, and size dependencies; and determine vulnerable populations or @entity1 subtypes that may elicit dosing modifications. A multi-center, randomized, double-blinded, parallel-group, dose-ranging, effect-controlled study, followed by an open-label dose titration of an intravenous infusion of @entity4982 was undertaken in 203 pediatric subjects, who required deliberate @entity551 or controlled normotension during anesthesia. A total of 3464 MAP measurements collected from 202 @entity1 during the study's blinded phase, including baseline measurements up to 6 min prior to the blinded were available for analysis. A population K-PD model was developed with a one-compartment model assumed for @entity4982 . Size differences in CL and V of the effect compartment were described using theory-based allometry. An inhibitory sigmoidal Emax model was used to describe the effect of @entity4982 . A power function of age was used to describe age-related differences in baseline MAP. A mixture model of two groups with low and high EC50 was used to explain variability in MAP response. Change in MAP was characterized by a linear disease progression slope during the blinded phase. In the final population model, CL and V increased with weight, and baseline MAP increased with age. The effect compartment half-life of @entity4982 was 13.4 min. The infusion rate producing 50% of Emax (ER50) at steady state for high EC50, was 0.34  g/kg/min and for low EC50 0.103  g/kg/min. The K-PD model well-describes initial dosing of @entity4982 under controlled circumstances; model-based dosing guidance agrees with current practice. An initial titration strategy supported via algorithm-based feedback should improve maintenance of target MAP.

title: A hemodynamic model to guide blood pressure control during deliberate XXXX with @entity1854 in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity66 and @entity14 share similar epidemiological features and risk factors. AIM: To evaluate a possible association between @entity66 and both @entity652 and @entity14 in @entity1 undergoing total colonoscopy. METHODS: Overall, 630 consecutive @entity1 were recruited from the 3 Units. Inclusion criteria were age over 45 years and the performance of total colonoscopy. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. @entity652 were defined as advanced when their size was >1 cm in diameter, and/or the percentage of the villous component was >30% and/or high grade @entity1141 was present. RESULTS: At endoscopy, 291 (47%) out of 630 @entity1 presented evidence of @entity66 . @entity652 were found in 92 (31.9%) @entity1 with @entity66 and in 98 (28.9%) @entity1 without [p=ns]. The prevalence of @entity652 located in the sigmoid colon was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity7261 than in controls (64.1% vs 41.8%; p<0.05). Similarly, the detection of advanced @entity652 located in the sigmoid colon was more likely in @entity1 with @entity7261 than in controls (59.6% vs 37.5%; p<0.05). @entity14 prevalence was similar in @entity1 with and without @entity7261 (8.3% vs 7.1%; p=ns), and no difference was detected regarding site, between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity66 have a higher risk of harbouring @entity652 and advanced @entity652 in the sigmoid colon. This observation should be taken into account in screening and surveillance programmes for @entity14 .

title: @entity66 as a risk factor for sigmoid colon XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Diverticular disease', 'diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['diverticula']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'colorectal neoplasia', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['Adenomas', 'adenomas']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Various adjuvant are being used with local anesthetics for prolongation of intra operative and postoperative @entity616 for lower limb surgeries. @entity6948 , the highly selective a2 adrenergic agonist is a new neuroaxial adjuvant gaining popularity. The aim of the present study was to compare the hemodynamic, sedative and analgesia potentiating effects of epidurally administered @entity6948 when combined with @entity1342 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in prospective, randomized double-blind manner in which 100 @entity1 of American Society of Anesthesiologist Grade I and II in the age group of 20-65 years of either sex under going lower limb surgeries were included after taking informed consent. The @entity1 were randomly allocated into two groups of 50 each. Epidural anesthesia was given with 150 mg of 0.75% @entity1342 in Group A (n = 50) and 150 mg of 0.75% @entity1342 with @entity6948 (1  g/kg) in Group B (n = 50). Two groups were compared with respect to hemodynamic changes, block characteristics which included time to onset of analgesia at T10, maximum sensory analgesic level, time to maximum sensory and @entity616 , time to regression at S1 dermatome and time to the first dose of rescue analgesia for 24 h. At the end of study, data was compiled and analyzed statistically using Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and Student t-test. P < 0.05 was considered to be significant and P < 0.001 as highly significant. RESULTS: Significant difference was observed in relation to the duration of @entity616 (375.20    15.97 min in Group A and 535.18    19.85 min in Group B [P - 0.000]), duration of @entity616 (259.80    15.48 min in Group A and 385.92    17.71 min in Group B [P - 0.000]), duration of post-operative analgesia (312.64    16.21 min in Group A and 496.56    16.08 min in Group B [P < 0.001]) and consequently low doses of rescue analgesia in Group B (1.44    0.501) as compared to Group A (2.56    0.67). Sedation score was significantly more in Group B in the post-operative period. CONCLUSION: Epidural @entity6948 as an adjuvant to @entity1342 is associated with prolonged sensory and @entity616 , hemodynamic stability, prolonged postoperative analgesia and reduced demand for rescue analgesics when compared to plain @entity1342 .

title: Comparative evaluation of @entity1342 versus @entity6948 and XXXX in epidural anesthesia in lower limb orthopedic surgeries.

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine', 'Ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine', 'Dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['motor block', 'analgesia in epidural block', 'sensory block']

answer: @entity1342 :: (MESH:C037663,Chemical) :: ['ropivacaine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Compare @entity5513 ( @entity5513 ) surgical outcome between @entity1 with prior irradiation and those not previously treated. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review with matched control group. METHODS: Review of @entity5 adherence to the facial nerve, facial nerve grade, and complications in 38 @entity1 with radiotherapy as a primary procedure before @entity5513 surgical removal and a matched random sample of 38 @entity1 with primary surgery. The majority of the irradiated group had gamma knife radiation therapy. Mean time from irradiation to surgical salvage was 3.3 years (SD = 3.2), with a minimum of 5.2 months and a maximum of 15.8 years. Most (89.5%) @entity1 in each group underwent a translabyrinthine approach. Mean @entity5 size at surgery was 2.6 cm in each group. RESULTS: The irradiated group had more moderate to severe adherence of @entity5 than the controls (89% vs. 63%, P < or = .01). They also had a lower rate of good facial function (House-Brackmann grade I/II) (37% vs. 70%) and a higher rate of poor function (grades V or VI) (50% vs. 18%) at follow-up (P < or = .019). Results were similar when including only those with good preoperative function (50% vs. 72% and 32% vs. 15%) but did not achieve statistical significance. Surgical time and complications did not differ. CONCLUSION: @entity1 who have undergone irradiation for @entity5513 and require surgical salvage may have a more difficult surgery and poorer outcomes than those not previously irradiated. When making their initial choice of treatment, @entity1 should be counseled that surgery might be more difficult after failed stereotactic irradiation.

title: Surgical salvage after failed irradiation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['VS', 'vestibular schwannoma']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent studies, good intermediate-term results have been reported after primary hybrid total hip arthroplasty (a cementless acetabular component with a cemented femoral stem) for the treatment of @entity571 . However, few studies have described the results of this technique in @entity1 with @entity572 . METHODS: One hundred primary hybrid total hip replacements were performed in ninety @entity1 to treat @entity571 of the hip secondary to developmental @entity1141 . Seventy-one @entity1 (eighty-one hips) were available for clinical and radiographic evaluation. The average duration of follow-up was 10.6 years. There were ten @entity1 and sixty-one @entity1 . Seventy hips were classified as type 1 ( @entity1141 ); seven, as type 2 ( @entity258 ); and four, as type 3 (high dislocation), according to the classification system of Hartofilakidis et al. RESULTS: At the time of the final follow-up, the average Harris hip score was 86 points. Structural autograft was used in fifteen hips to supplement acetabular coverage. Within five years postoperatively, the acetabular component in six of the fifteen hips had an average of 4.5 mm of vertical migration and an average increase in vertical rotation of 3 degrees, but the position appeared to stabilize thereafter. Revisions were performed in two hips because of recurrent dislocation. No acetabular or femoral component was revised because of @entity1349 . @entity3061 was identified around two acetabular components and two femoral components. The average rate of @entity691 wear was 0.09 mm per year. CONCLUSIONS: Hybrid total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of symptomatic @entity571 secondary to developmental @entity1141 provides favorable results at intermediate-term follow-up. With lower grades of @entity1141 , the majority of @entity1 can be treated effectively without a structural bone graft by placement of the cementless acetabular component at a medial or high position.

title: Intermediate-term results after hybrid total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['primary osteoarthritis', 'degenerative arthritis']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['Osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['developmental dysplasia of the hip']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low dislocation']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['dysplastic hips']