abstract: BACKGROUND: Multiple @entity56 is a rarely reported clinical condition characterized by an adverse reaction to more than one different class of pharmacologically and structurally unrelated drugs. The pathogenesis may involve immediate-type or @entity56 . OBJECTIVES: To further characterize @entity1 with @entity1865 in terms of the type of CADR, drug intake and clinical drug suspicion. METHODS: The study group comprised 12 @entity1 (6 males, 6 females) with CADRs showing in vitro drug-induced IFNgamma release for multiple drugs, suggesting the presence of @entity1865 . The diagnostic role of in vitro IFNgamma release in identifying the culprit drugs was evaluated in terms of clinical data and the results of in vivo tests (withdrawal and/or challenge tests) with the offending drugs. RESULTS: Clinical relevance was attributed to in vitro drug-induced IFNgamma release towards multiple drugs in this series of 12 @entity1 with a variety of CADRs, implying @entity1865 . The results of in vivo tests for the offending drugs confirmed the diagnosis. The main causative agents responsible were antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. CONCLUSIONS: The study further supports the role of a T cell-mediated mechanism in the pathogenesis of @entity1865 . The in vitro drug-induced IFNgamma release test may serve as a laboratory tool to identify the culprit drugs associated with this @entity566 .

title: Multiple drug @entity566 in XXXX with cutaneous adverse drug reactions diagnosed by in vitro drug-induced interferon-gamma release.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['drug allergy syndrome', 'delayed-type hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1375 (SH) is most commonly an early stage of @entity1375 . Although the condition may resolve or remain unchanged, within a few years in some @entity1 @entity1375 develops, with low free T4 levels as well as a raised thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level. @entity1 with SH may have @entity1375 with mild @entity66 and cardiac functions. @entity1955 in a dosage that maintains serum TSH levels within the normal range is the preferred therapy in these @entity1 . Although @entity851 is a well-known clinical sign of overt hypo-thyroidism,the effect of SH in growth is not well established. The aim of the present study is to show the effect of treatment on height in these @entity1 . METHODS: In the present study, 2067 @entity1 who were admitted to the Endocrinology Department of SSK Ankara @entity1 's Hospital, Ankara, @entity233 , with the complaint of @entity851 were evaluated and 39 were diagnosed with SH by thyrotropin releasing hormone stimulation test. The anthropometric data of the @entity1 who were subdivided into two groups (prepubertal and pubertal) were analyzed before and after 6-12 months of @entity1955 treatment. Growth velocity (GV) and GV standard deviation score(GVSDS) of the groups before and after the treatment were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Both groups showed significant increases in GV and GVSDS by @entity1955 treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity851 have to be evaluated for SH in addition to other potential causes. @entity1955 treatment in these @entity1 provides significant improvement in height.

title: Height improvement by @entity1955 treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism', 'overt hypothyroidism', 'Subclinical hypothyroidism', 'subtle hypothyroid symptoms']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of serum lipoproteins']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['L-thyroxine']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronary endothelium plays a key role in the regulation of coronary tone, platelet adhesion, and aggregation, which are important factors in triggering acute @entity65 . However, its role in modulating the effects of circadian variations on coronary tone is not known. METHODS AND RESULTS: Responses of 72 nonstenotic coronary segments to @entity934 and @entity1242 were measured in 12 @entity1 with @entity5749 at 6 AM and 1 PM. After baseline angiography, three infusions of @entity934 (10(-6), 10(-5), and 10(-4) mol/L) were administered selectively into the left coronary artery, followed by @entity1242 . Diameters (in millimeters) of proximal, middle, and distal segments were measured by quantitative techniques. Forty-seven segments showed a constrictor response to @entity934 (group 1, dysfunctional endothelium), and 25 other segments showed a dilator response (group 2, normally functioning endothelium). In group 1, the constrictor response to @entity934 was significantly greater in the morning than in the afternoon (23 +/- 3% and 10 +/- 1%, mean +/- SEM, respectively; P < .001), and the dilator response to @entity1242 was also significantly greater in the morning than in the afternoon (19 +/- 2% and 11 +/- 2%; P < .01). In group 2, the dilator response to @entity934 did not differ significantly between the morning and afternoon (22 +/- 3% and 17 +/- 2%, respectively; P = NS), and the dilator response to @entity1242 was also similar at both times of the day (30 +/- 3% and 28 +/- 4%, respectively; P = NS). CONCLUSIONS: Coronary segments with dysfunctional endothelium exhibit an early morning exaggeration in vasomotor activity, whereas segments with normally functioning endothelium do not show circadian variations. This suggests a potential protective role for the endothelium in modulating variations in coronary tone that may contribute to increased incidence of @entity65 in the early morning hours.

title: Circadian variation in coronary tone in XXXX with @entity5749 . Protective role of the endothelium.

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['chronic stable angina']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Primary @entity4519 cultures derived from neonatal @entity35 Furth @entity35 were able to support the growth of coronavirus JHM if a viable neuronal population was maintained. This occurred under serum-free defined, but not serum-supplemented, growth conditions. The importance of neurons in @entity281 in mixed cultures was confirmed by immunocytochemical and electron microscopic studies. Glia, although more abundant than neurons in these cultures, were less frequently infected during the initial 48 h postinoculation. The two glial lineages present in mixed @entity4519 cultures were separated into type-1 astrocytes and oligodendrocyte-type-2 astrocyte (O-2A) lineage cells and individually assessed for their ability to support virus growth. Infection could not be established in type-1 astrocytes regardless of the culture conditions employed, consistent with our previous study (S. Beushausen and S. Dales, Virology 141:89-101, 1985). In contrast, @entity281 could be initiated in selected O-2A lineage cells grown in serum-free medium. Virus multiplication was however significantly reduced by preconditioning the medium with mixed @entity4519 or enriched type-1 astrocyte cultures, suggesting that intercellular interactions mediated by soluble factor(s) can influence the infectious process in O-2A lineage cells. This presumption was supported by eliciting similar effects with basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor, two central nervous system cytokines known to control O-2A differentiation. The presence of these cytokines, which synergistically block O-2A cells from differentiating into oligodendrocytes was correlated with specific and reversible resistance to JHM virus (JHMV) infection. These data, combined with our finding that accelerated terminal differentiation of the oligodendrocyte phenotype confers resistance to JHMV (Beushausen and Dales, Virology, 1985), suggest that the permissiveness of O-2A cells for JHMV is restricted to a discrete developmental stage.

title: Infection by coronavirus JHM of XXXX neurons and oligodendrocyte-type-2 astrocyte lineage cells during distinct developmental stages.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'establishing infections']

entities_list: @entity4519 :: ('MESH:C536954', 'Disease') :: ['telencephalic']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiological follow-up following repair of large @entity357 have identified recurrence rates of 20-30  %, although most are small and asymptomatic. Whether @entity1 will eventually develop clinical problems is uncertain. This study evaluated the outcome for individuals identified with an asymptomatic @entity357 following previous repair vs. asymptomatic controls. METHODS: One hundred fifteen asymptomatic @entity1 who had previously undergone sutured repair of a large @entity357 and then underwent barium meal X-ray 6-60  months after surgery within a clinical trial were identified and divided into two cohorts: with (n   =   41) vs. without (n   =   74) an asymptomatic @entity547 . Heartburn, @entity1282 , and satisfaction with surgery were assessed prospectively using a standardized questionnaire applying analogue scales. Consumption of antisecretory medication and revision surgery were also determined. To determine the natural history of asymptomatic recurrent @entity357 , outcomes for the two groups were compared at 1 and 5  years and at most recent (late) follow-up. RESULTS: Outcomes were available at 1  year for 98.2  % and 5  years or the latest follow-up (range 6-237  months) for 100  %. Heartburn and @entity1282 scores were low and satisfaction scores high in both groups at all follow-up points, but heartburn scores and medication use were higher in the recurrent @entity547 group. At late follow-up, 94.6  % of the recurrent @entity547 group vs. 98.5  % without a @entity547 regarded their original decision for surgery to be correct. Two @entity1 in recurrent @entity547 group underwent revision surgery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with an initially asymptomatic recurrent @entity357 are more likely to report heartburn and use antisecretory medication at later follow-up than controls. However, overall clinical outcomes remain good, with high satisfaction and low surgical revision rates. Additional interventions to reduce the risk of recurrence might not be warranted.

title: Outcome for Asymptomatic Recurrence Following Laparoscopic Repair of Very Large XXXX .

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatus hernias', 'hiatus hernia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity357 :: (MESH:D006551,Disease) :: ['Hiatus Hernia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Postoperative @entity3417 is a rare complication of retroperitoneal surgery that has considerable morbidity. We review the pathogenesis and management of @entity3417 following surgical treatment of @entity3969 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 9 @entity1 with @entity3417 after surgical treatment of @entity3969 . Of these cases 3 were treated at a single institution during the last 20 years and 6 were identified during retrospective chart reviews of @entity1 enrolled in National @entity3969 Studies 3 and 4 to identify surgical complications. @entity3417 presented as increased abdominal girth and poor feeding. Paracentesis or laparotomy was diagnostic. RESULTS: @entity1 age at presentation with @entity3969 ranged from 6 to 95 months (median 15). Left nephrectomy was performed in 5 cases, right nephrectomy in 3, and left nephrectomy and partial right nephrectomy in 1 with bilateral disease. Lymphadenectomy including the hilar and periaortic lymph nodes was performed in 5 @entity1 , 4 of whom also underwent some form of suprahilar lymph node dissection. Three @entity1 underwent lymph node sampling of the hilar, periaortic and some suprahilar lymph nodes. All @entity1 received adjuvant chemotherapy and 4 were treated with adjuvant irradiation to the surgical bed before the diagnosis of @entity3417 . The interval between surgery and diagnosis of @entity843 ranged from 12 to 49 days (median 21). Of the @entity1 7 were successfully treated with conservative measures, total parenteral nutrition and/or a diet containing primarily medium chain @entity1674 , and 2 required invasive procedures, including exploratory laparotomy and ligation of disrupted lymphatic vessels or placement of a peritoneovenous shunt. CONCLUSIONS: Extensive lymph node dissection, particularly above the level of the renal hilum, appears to be associated with the development of @entity86 . The National @entity3969 Study guidelines do not require formal lymph node dissection for staging and only lymph node sampling is recommended. Elimination of formal lymphadenectomy along with meticulous ligation of lymphatics should decrease the incidence of this complication. Fortunately, conservative treatment with total parenteral nutrition and/or medium chain @entity1674 will remedy the problem in the majority of @entity1 .

title: XXXX following surgical treatment for @entity3969 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity3417 :: ('MESH:D002915', 'Disease') :: ['Chylous ascites', 'chylous ascites']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative chylous ascites']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['Wilms Tumor', 'Wilms tumor']

answer: @entity3417 :: (MESH:D002915,Disease) :: ['Chylous ascites']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if cyclical intermediate dose @entity134 therapy could improve semen parameters in an infertile @entity1 with sperm @entity792 associated with the @entity792 ( @entity792 ) syndrome. DESIGN: Sperm agglutination studies performed before, during and after three courses of cyclical intermediate dose @entity617 therapy. @entity1 : A twenty-six-year old @entity1 with @entity12010 , consisting of @entity5343 , @entity261 , @entity9466 and @entity1665 , presented with @entity249 . He had normal endocrine testicular function but severe exocrine failure evidenced by a @entity6660 (4.5 x 10(6)/ml), zero motility and universal sperm agglutination. MEASUREMENTS: Sperm agglutination tests. RESULTS: At presentation the gelatin agglutination test (GAT) was strongly positive in serum (1/1204) and seminal plasma (1/64) as was the tray agglutination test (TAT) (1/32). The @entity1 's wife had a regular menstrual cycle with normal luteal phase @entity1420 levels. Following three courses of cyclical @entity617 (20 mg twice daily on days 1-10 of wife's cycle, and 5 mg on days 11 and 12), sperm quantity and motility improved considerably (12 x 10(6)/ml, 40% respectively) and sperm agglutination tests became negative. After a fourth course of therapy the @entity1 's wife became pregnant. Three months post-treatment sperm motility was very low again and agglutinating activity in serum and seminal plasma increased. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first case of @entity4810 due to sperm @entity792 in association with the @entity792 syndrome type 1. The immunosuppressive action of cyclical intermediate dose @entity134 therapy led to a significant quantitative and qualitative improvement in semen parameters.

title: Antisperm antibodies in the @entity792 ( XXXX ) syndrome type I: response to cyclical @entity134 therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1665 :: ('MESH:D000505', 'Disease') :: ['alopecia totalis']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity9466 :: ('MESH:D002178', 'Disease') :: ['chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity5343 :: ('MESH:D000224', 'Disease') :: ["Addison's disease"]

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity12010 :: ('MESH:D016884', 'Disease') :: ['polyglandular autoimmune syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['low sperm count']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['polyglandular autoimmune', 'autoimmunity', 'PGA']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['PGA']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The authors reviewed records of @entity1 with advanced @entity5 treated with @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ) and hyperfractionated @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) or chemoradiation (CRT) to determine the rates of organ preservation and function. METHODS: A total of 29 @entity1 with stage III (45%) and stage IV (55%) @entity957 ( @entity957 ), were treated with @entity7730 and @entity1161 or CRT in 1 of 7 consecutive trials. Fifty-five percent had clinically node-positive disease. Fifty-five percent and 45% had T3 or T4 @entity5 , respectively. All received 3 cycles of @entity902 -based @entity7730 . Daily @entity1161 was given to 48%, twice-daily @entity1161 to 45%, and concomitant boost @entity1161 to 7%. CRT was @entity3003 (28%) or @entity1205 (28%). Those treated with twice-daily @entity1161 did not receive CRT. RESULTS: The median follow-up is 52 months. Overall survival is 66%. Relapse occurred in 12 @entity1 (41%), and 6 underwent salvage laryngectomy (5 stage III, 1 stage IV). Fifty-nine percent of @entity1 (17 of 29) are alive at last follow-up with an anatomically intact larynx, and 48% (14 of 29) are alive with a functional larynx. Of the 23 @entity1 for whom detailed information on gastrostomy tube (g-tube) placement/removal was available, median time with g-tube was 12 months, and 15 of 23 @entity1 (65%) had a g-tube for 6 months or more. Twenty-three of all 29 @entity1 (79%) retained an anatomically intact larynx, but 7 of 23 (30%) never resumed their pretreatment organ function. The overall rate of functional organ preservation, regardless of survival, was 55% (16/29). The 7 of 29 @entity1 (26%) who retained a nonfunctional larynx required permanent g-tube or were unable to return to pretreatment oral intake capability. Nine of 13 with T4 @entity957 (69%) compared with 7 of 16 (44%) T3 @entity957 retained a functional larynx. CONCLUSION: The rate of larynx preservation is high, but @entity137 remains significant with @entity7730 followed by hyperfractionated @entity1161 or CRT in advanced @entity5 . Half of all @entity1 were alive, able to retain their larynx, and return to pretreatment function. Advanced stage was not an indicator of poor outcome.

title: Organ preservation and treatment @entity137 with @entity7730 followed by XXXX or chemoradiation for advanced @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCCL', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['IC', 'induction chemotherapy']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['radiation therapy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Discogenic @entity1643 is a common cause of @entity1643 that remains a treatment challenge. The innervation and transmission of nociceptive information from @entity158 has only recently been better described. OBJECTIVE: To report initial experience of effectiveness of radiofrequency lesioning of L2 ramus communicans in managing @entity158 . STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, case series. METHODS: A case series of 5 @entity1 who had radiofrequency lesioning of the ramus communicans at the L2 level. All @entity1 had @entity1643 and had diagnostic blocks with local anesthetic at the level of the L2 ramus communicans demonstrating significant @entity158 relief. Continuous radiofrequency lesioning at 80 degrees C of the L2 ramus communicans for 60 seconds was performed. Standard outcome measures of reduction in the visual analogue scale (VAS), improvement in function, reduction in @entity158 medication, and consistent improvement in @entity1643 with repeating of the procedure after its initial effect has worn off were recorded. RESULTS: All five @entity1 had consistent @entity158 relief after a minimum of 2 radiofrequency lesioning treatments approximately 4 months apart. Four of the five @entity1 had a reduction in @entity158 medication, and all reported improvement in sitting tolerance and functioning. There were no side effects or complications. CONCLUSION: Radiofrequency lesioning of the L2 ramus communicans seems to offer partial relief for @entity1 suffering from @entity158 . Further studies are needed to confirm our results.

title: Radiofrequency lesioning of the L2 ramus communicans in managing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'discogenic low back pain', 'low back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful lumbar discs', 'pain', 'discogenic pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['discogenic low back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity31917 (GA) was extracted from the dried yellow resin of gamboge (Garcinia hanburyi) which is traditionally used as a coloring material for painting and cloth dying. Gamboge has been also used as a folk medicine for an internal purgative and externally infected wound. We focused on the mechanisms of apoptosis induction by GA through the unfold protein response (ER stress) in HeLa cells. METHODS: The cytotoxic effect of GA against HeLa cells was determined by @entity3460 exclusion assay. Markers of ER stress such as @entity5594 , @entity1477 , @entity3726 , @entity24765 and @entity60055 were analyzed by RT-PCR and Real-time RT-PCR. Cell morphological changes and apoptotic proteins were performed by @entity5956 staining and Western blotting technique. RESULTS: Our results indicated a time- and dose-dependent decrease of cell viability by GA. The ER stress induction is determined by the up-regulation of spliced @entity5594 mRNA and activated @entity1477 , @entity3726 , @entity24765 and @entity60055 expression. GA also induced cell morphological changes such as nuclear condensation, membrane blebbing and apoptotic body in Hela cells. Apoptosis cell death detected by increased @entity3049 , @entity30712 expression as well as increased cleaved- @entity9190 , while decreased @entity588 upon GA treatment. In addition, phosphorylated @entity4675 was up-regulated but phosphorylated @entity3963 was down-regulated after exposure to GA. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that GA induce apoptosis associated with the ER stress response through up-regulation of p- @entity4675 and down-regulation of p- @entity3963 in HeLa cells.

title: Apoptosis induction associated with the ER stress response through up-regulation of XXXX in HeLa cells by @entity31917 .

entities_list: @entity31917 :: ('MESH:C052659', 'Chemical') :: ['Gambogic acid']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

answer: @entity4675 :: (5599,Gene) :: ['JNK']


abstract: Exposure of non-sensitized Brown Norway (BN) @entity35 to a 10%-ovalbumin aerosol induced an increase in the number of neutrophils in the broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid 3 and 6 h later but with no change in number of cells at 24 h. When the BN @entity35 were actively sensitized (i.m. injection of 10 mg/kg ovalbumin and i.p. injection of killed @entity7320 ) and exposed 12-14 days later to a 10%-ovalbumin aerosol there was an increase in the number of @entity1712 in the BAL fluid, maximal 24-48 h after the anaphylactic reaction. The increase in the number of neutrophils in the bronchial lumen 3 and 6 h after the anaphylactic reaction was larger than that obtained in non-specific @entity32 and in contrast to this was still present 24-48 h after ovalbumin exposure. In passively sensitized BN @entity35 exposed to ovalbumin aerosol, no @entity32 appeared in the BAL fluid 24 h after the anaphylactic reaction. Various drugs, administered twice, 5 min and 5 h after the anaphylactic reaction, have been evaluated for their effects on the 24-h @entity32 obtained in actively sensitized @entity35 . @entity5969 (0.08 mg/kg i.p.) and @entity2544 (50 mg/kg i.p.) decreased the number of @entity1712 and neutrophils. @entity6850 (12.5 mg/kg), @entity14746 (12.5 mg/kg), @entity3045 (2 mg/kg), @entity9992 (50 mg/kg) all given intraperitoneally, reduced the number of @entity1712 . Tioxamast decreased the number of @entity1712 at 12.5 mg/kg i.p. and by the oral route.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Model of XXXX in the brown @entity35 . Pharmacological modulation.

entities_list: @entity7320 :: ('520', 'Species') :: ['Bordetella pertussis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5969 :: ('MESH:C018038', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone acetate']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophils']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity14746 :: ('MESH:D017332', 'Chemical') :: ['cetirizine dihydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity9992 :: ('MESH:D004205', 'Chemical') :: ['disodium cromoglycate']

entities_list: @entity6850 :: ('MESH:D007665', 'Chemical') :: ['Ketotifen fumarate']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['bronchial allergic inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recent data suggest that effective control of @entity354 improves outcomes associated with endoscopic eradication therapy (EET) for @entity355 ( @entity355 ). However, the impact of reflux control on preventing recurrent @entity1944 and/or @entity1141 is unclear. The aims of the study were: (a) to determine the effectiveness and durability of EET under a structured reflux management protocol and (b) to determine the impact of optimizing anti-reflux therapy on achieving complete eradication of @entity1944 (CE-IM). METHODS: Consecutive @entity355 @entity1 referred for EET were enrolled and managed with a standardized reflux management protocol including twice-daily PPI therapy during eradication. Primary outcomes were rates of CE-IM and IM or @entity1141 recurrence. RESULTS: Out of 221 @entity1 enrolled (46.0% with high-grade @entity1141 / @entity189 , 34.0% with low-grade @entity1141 , and 20.0% with non-dysplastic @entity355 ) an overall CE-IM of 93% was achieved within 11.6  10.2 months. Forty-eight @entity1 did not achieve CE-IM in 3 sessions. After modification of their reflux management, 45 (93.7%) achieved CE-IM in a mean of 1.1 RFA sessions. Recurrence occurred in 13 @entity1 (IM in 10(4.8%), @entity1141 in 3 (1.5%)) during a mean follow-up of 44  18.5 months. The only significant predictor of recurrence was the presence of a @entity357 . Recurrence of IM was significantly lower than historical controls (10.9 vs. 4.8%, P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The current study highlights the importance of reflux control in @entity1 with @entity355 undergoing EET. In this setting, EET has long-term durability with low recurrence rates providing early evidence for extending endoscopic surveillance intervals after EET.Am J Gastroenterol advance online publication, 14 February 2017; doi:10.1038/ajg.2017.13.

title: Recurrence of XXXX is Rare Following Endoscopic Eradication Therapy Coupled With Effective Reflux Control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['BE', "Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['intramucosal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatal hernia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's Esophagus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) grading is subjective and affected by substantial rates of discordance among pathologists. Although the use of @entity986 ( @entity986 ) staining has been proven to improve diagnostic accuracy for @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ), the clinical evidence for use of Ki-67 and @entity1364 ( @entity1364 ) is insufficient to make an independent recommendation for use, alone or in combination. The primary objective was to evaluate clinical utility of Ki-67 and @entity1364 in combination with @entity986 in diagnosing @entity2784 . Also, we assessed the correlation between expressions of three biomarkers and resection margin status of conization specimen. METHODS: The expressions of @entity986 , Ki-67, and @entity1364 were evaluated by immunohistochemical methods in 149 cervical tissues encompassing 17 negative lesion, 31 @entity3146 1, 25 @entity3146 2, 41 @entity3146 3, and 35 invasive @entity957 . The immunohistochemical staining results were classified into four grades: 0, 1+, 2+ and 3+. RESULTS: The expression of three biomarkers was positively associated with @entity3146 grade. Ki-67 immunostaining did not increase the accuracy of @entity2784 diagnosis when combined with @entity986 immunostaining compared with @entity986 immunostaining alone. In contrast, combining the staining results for @entity986 and @entity1364 ( @entity986 = 3+ and @entity1364 >= 2+) increased its specificity (66.7% vs. 75.0%, P = 0.031) without decrease of its sensitivity (98.7% vs. 98.7%) for diagnosis of @entity3146 3 and more @entity75 . Subgroup analysis for conization specimen with @entity3146 2 and @entity3146 3 showed that positive Ki-67 immunostaining was an independent risk factor for predicting resection margin positivity (odds ratio = 6.52, 95% confidence interval 1.07-39.64). CONCLUSIONS: We found that the combined use of @entity986 and @entity1364 immunostaining enhanced diagnostic accuracy for @entity2784 . Positive Ki-67 immunostaining was associated with incomplete excision.

title: Clinical Implication of @entity986 , Ki-67, and XXXX Expression in Cervical Neoplasia: Improvement of Diagnostic Accuracy for High-grade @entity2784 and Prediction of Resection Margin Involvement on Conization Specimen.

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen', 'PCNA']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['sever lesion']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['HSIL', 'high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity1364 :: (5111,Gene) :: ['Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity259 has doubled over the past decade. The reason for this dramatic increase in incidence is controversial. Some investigators have suggested that the increased incidence is because of increased detection of small @entity5 as a result of diagnostic scrutiny. Conversely, some investigators have demonstrated an increased incidence across all @entity5 sizes, suggesting that other factors may play a role. This study was undertaken to investigate the clinical, pathologic, and molecular changes present in @entity3557 over a 15-year period during which the incidence of @entity3557 doubled. METHODS: A total of 628 @entity1 with conventional @entity3557 and 228 @entity5 samples from a single institution were analyzed from 1991 to 2005. Time-trend analyses of demographic, clinical, pathologic, and @entity5 genotype were performed over three 5-year time periods: group I (1991-1995), group II (1996-2000), and group III (2001-2005). RESULTS: The authors found no differences in age, sex, ethnicity, @entity5 size, rate of extrathyroidal invasion, or overall TNM @entity5 stage among the 3 time groups. The rate of @entity817 @entity8554 mutation was significantly higher in group III (88% @entity817 @entity8554 positive) as compared with groups I and II (51% and 43%, respectively) (P < .001). The rate of all the common somatic mutations was also significantly higher in group III (92% positive) as compared with groups I and II (68% and 64%, respectively) (P < .002). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of @entity817 @entity8554 mutation increased significantly over a 15-year period at the authors' institution. The findings suggest that a higher rate of @entity817 mutation in @entity3557 may contribute to the increasing incidence of @entity259 .

title: Higher rate of @entity817 mutation in XXXX over time: a single-institution study.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the antitumour effects of @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) on the proliferation, differentiation and cell cycle of Molt-4 cell and to investigate its demethylation mechanisms. METHODS: After Molt-4 cells trated with @entity2052 at different concentrations, cell viability and growth curve were assessed by @entity98 assay. Cell cycle changes were analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression level of @entity9288 , @entity16610 ( @entity16610 ), @entity57946 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR and the methylation level was detected by hn-MSPCR. RESULTS: @entity2052 significantly inhibited the proliferation of Molt-4 cells. After 48 h culture with 5.0 mmol/L @entity2052 , the percentages of Molt-4 cells in G(0)/G(1) phase was (66.87    3.31)% and in S phase was (8.47    2.56)%, while in control group, the cells in G(0)/G(1) phase increased and in S phase decreased significantly. The @entity9288 gene in Molt-4 cells failed to express due to its hypermethylation. The expression level of @entity9288 gene mRNA increased significantly after exposure to @entity2052 for 48 h. As compared with control group, the expression of @entity16610 was down-regulated in a dose-dependent manner. The expression level of @entity15894 decreased at 10.0 mmol/L concentration. CONCLUSION: @entity2052 has a demethylation effect on @entity9288 gene by inhibiting the @entity16610 and @entity15894 gene activities to recover @entity9288 gene activity, which arrests Molt-4 cell in G(0)/G(1) phase.

title: [Investigation on the mechanisms of XXXX gene demethylation by @entity1092 in Molt-4 cells.]

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium valproate']

entities_list: @entity16610 :: ('1786', 'Gene') :: ['DNA methyltransferase 1', 'DNMT-1']

answer: @entity9288 :: (1030,Gene) :: ['p15INK4B']


abstract: Adherence of neutrophils to endothelium is a key event in the sequence of inflammatory leukocyte responses. Double-color FACS analysis was used to determine the extent and kinetics of neutrophil adherence to @entity3426 -pretreated endothelial cells (EC). Neutrophils bound very avidly when the EC were prestimulated for 4 to 6 h with @entity3426 . Anti- @entity4105 F(ab)2 fragments inhibited this adherence for more than 80%. On the other hand, anti- @entity1454 F(ab)2 fragments also inhibited the neutrophil adherence (40 to 50%). Combined use of anti- @entity4105 and anti- @entity1454 F(ab)2 fragments completely prevented adherence. Neutrophils became activated as soon as they made contact with the @entity3426 -pretreated EC. First, neutrophils depleted of intracellular @entity855 showed a clearly decreased adherence completely dependent on @entity4105 -mediated binding, i.e., without additional effects of @entity1454 adhesion proteins. Thus, @entity1454 is activated during neutrophil adherence and then participates in the binding process. Secondly, the neutrophils responded with a transient rise in [ @entity141 ]i upon binding to @entity3426 -pretreated EC, which was demonstrated to be caused by endothelial cell-associated platelet-activating factor (PAF). However, the extent of neutrophil adherence to @entity3426 -pretreated EC was not affected by the use of the PAF-receptor antagonist @entity6849 , or removal of the EC-bound PAF. The only effect was a complete dependency of the neutrophil adherence on @entity4105 -mediated binding, although anti- @entity1454 mAb still induced 40 to 50% inhibition under these conditions. We therefore conclude that @entity4105 -mediated binding is the major mechanism for @entity1454 activation during neutrophil adherence to @entity3426 -pretreated EC.

title: Role of @entity4105 and platelet-activating factor in neutrophil adherence to IL-1-prestimulated endothelial cells. XXXX -mediated @entity1454 activation.

answer: @entity4105 :: (6401,Gene) :: ['Endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1']


abstract: @entity121 commonly have clinical presentations of @entity32 , fat infiltration, @entity82 , and @entity194 . However, the results of existing laboratory tests and clinical presentations are not well correlated. Advanced quantitative MRI techniques may allow the assessment of myo-pathological changes in a sensitive and objective manner. To progress towards this goal, an array of quantitative MRI protocols was implemented for @entity1 thigh muscles; their reproducibility was assessed; and the statistical relationships among parameters were determined. These quantitative methods included fat/water imaging, multiple spin-echo T2 imaging (with and without fat signal suppression, FS), selective inversion recovery for T1 and quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT) imaging (with and without FS), and diffusion tensor imaging. Data were acquired at 3.0 T from nine healthy subjects. To assess the repeatability of each method, the subjects were re-imaged an average of 35 days later. Pre-testing lifestyle restrictions were applied to standardize physiological conditions across scans. Strong between-day intra-class correlations were observed in all quantitative indices except for the macromolecular-to-free water pool size ratio (PSR) with FS, a metric derived from qMT data. Two-way analysis of variance revealed no significant between-day differences in the mean values for any parameter estimate. The repeatability was further assessed with Bland-Altman plots, and low repeatability coefficients were obtained for all parameters. Among-muscle differences in the quantitative MRI indices and inter-class correlations among the parameters were identified. There were inverse relationships between fractional anisotropy (FA) and the second eigenvalue, the third eigenvalue, and the standard deviation of the first eigenvector. The FA was positively related to the PSR, while the other diffusion indices were inversely related to the PSR. These findings support the use of these T1 , T2 , fat/water, and DTI protocols for characterizing skeletal muscle using MRI. Moreover, the data support the existence of a common biophysical mechanism, water content, as a source of variation in these parameters.

title: Multi-parametric MRI characterization of healthy XXXX thigh muscles at 3.0 T - relaxation, magnetization transfer, fat/water, and diffusion tensor imaging.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Muscle diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) were mobilized in 130 @entity1 with @entity792 undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using @entity786 2 g/m(2) and either @entity1261 (G-CSF) 5 mcg/kg/day (for @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and secondary progressive @entity15 , SPMS) or G-CSF 10 mcg/kg/day (for @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ), @entity30 ( @entity30 ), @entity785 ( @entity785 ), and other immune-mediated disorders). Mobilization-related mortality was 0.8% (one of 130) secondary to infection. Circulating peripheral blood (PB) @entity2280 (+) cells/microl differed significantly by disease. Collected @entity2280 (+) cells/kg/apheresis and overall collection efficiency was significantly better using Spectra apheresis device compared to the Fenwall CS3000 instrument. @entity1 with @entity1252 and @entity3780 achieved the lowest and the highest @entity2280 (+) cell yields, respectively. Ex vivo @entity2280 (+) cell selection employing Isolex 300iv2.5 apparatus was significantly more efficient compared to CEPRATE CS device. Circulating PB @entity2280 (+) cells/microl correlated positively with initial @entity2280 (+) cells/kg/apheresis and enriched product @entity2280 (+) cells/kg. Mean WBC and platelet engraftment (ANC>0.5 x 10(9)/l and platelet count >20 x 10(9)/l) occurred on days 9 and 11, respectively. Infused @entity2280 (+) cell/kg dose showed significant direct correlation with faster white blood cell (WBC) and platelet engraftment. When adjusted for @entity2280 (+) cell/kg dose, @entity1 treated with a myeloablative regimen had significantly slower WBC and platelet recovery compared to non-myeloablative regimens.

title: Mobilization, harvesting and selection of peripheral blood stem cells in XXXX with @entity792 undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Reconstruction of the @entity397 is best done with a cortical button technique according to recent biomechanical studies. However, clinical outcome studies that evaluate the cortical button reconstruction technique are scarce. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of a cortical button reconstruction technique in @entity1 with a traumatic distal biceps tendon @entity397 . METHODS: Twenty-two @entity1 with 24 traumatic distal biceps @entity397 underwent surgical treatment. Reconstructions were done using the Endobutton or Toggle Loc. Postoperative evaluation consisted of ROM, strength, stability, neurological status and standard radiographs in AP view and lateral direction. The Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI) and quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (qDASH) questionnaires were also obtained. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 22 months, the mean strength for flexion was 100 % (SD 21.3) and for supination 97 % (SD 7.8), compared to the contralateral side. There were complications in 8 @entity1 (36 %), and heterotopic ossifications were seen on radiographs in 23 % of @entity1 . Heterotopic ossifications were symptomatic in one @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The results after @entity924 with a cortical button were good according to ROM, MEPI and qDASH scores and strength. However, this procedure was accompanied with complications; in particular, the formation of heterotopic ossifications was frequently seen, though clinically relevant in only one @entity1 .

title: XXXX with a cortical button.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['distal biceps tendon refixation']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['tendon ruptures', 'rupture', 'ruptured distal biceps tendon']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['Reconstruction of distal biceps tendon ruptures']


abstract: We examined the effects of @entity228 treatment on @entity1712 in the jejunal mucosa of @entity35 previously infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. @entity35 received a single intraperitoneal injection of 1 mg of @entity619 . At a light microscopic level, the number of @entity1712 with typical nuclei and granules was significantly decreased as early as 3 hours after injection, and had diminished to 17% of starting values at 24 hours. Pyknotic cells containing eosinophilic granules or fragments were observed scattered in the subepithelial interstitial space 3 and 7 hours after injection. By electron microscopy, more than 20% of @entity1712 demonstrated @entity854 . Degenerating @entity1712 without granular changes (27 of 127, 14.1%) or with or with granular changes (9 of 127, 7.1%) increased at 3 hours compared with untreated @entity35 (8 of 233, 3.4%; 4 of 233, 1.7%). At 7 hours, 47 of 96 (49.0%) @entity1712 were located inside phagocytic vacuoles of macrophages. Single macrophages occasionally engulfed two or more @entity1712 . Only a few degeneration @entity1712 (7 of 96) were observed outside macrophages. At 13 hours, the percentage of degenerating @entity1712 and @entity1712 inside macrophages was decreased; at 24 hours, few @entity1712 were seen and eosinophil structures could not be identified inside macrophages. The epithelium and lamina propria did not show structural damage typical of an inflammatory reaction at any time. Eosinophil numbers in mesenteric lymph nodes, spleens, and peripheral blood were also reduced by @entity619 . Similar observations were made in the jejunal mucosa of noninfected @entity35 . We observed the slow restoration of eosinophil numbers in the intestinal wall, finally reaching preinjection numbers after 14 days. We conclude that @entity619 has important effects on @entity1712 causing (a) nuclear degeneration and (b) changes in the granular matrix. Subsequently, these damaged @entity1712 are engulfed by macrophages and swiftly disappear from the intestinal mucosa. These effects appear to be due to the induction of apoptosis. Our findings offer an explanation for one of the significant antiinflammatory effects observed with the use of @entity288 .

title: The dynamics of intestinal eosinophil depletion in @entity35 treated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophils']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['nuclear abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the involvement of enthesis and its correlation with clinical and quality of life parameters in @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ). METHODS: One hundred and eighteen @entity1 who comply with the @entity1691 classification criteria of the @entity5145 Study Group (ESSG) were included into the study. Clinical parameters such as @entity7127 , @entity158 , activity @entity158 , @entity2720 were evaluated. Enthesitis were assessed by Mander Enthesis Index (MEI). The quality of life was assessed by Short Form-36 (SF-36). RESULTS: The incidence of @entity4932 in @entity1 with @entity1691 was found at a rate of 84.9%. There was a significant correlation between MEI and @entity7127 , disease duration, @entity2720 and six subgroups of SF-36. The highest correlation was found between MEI and number of tender joint (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Enthesitis is commonly seen among @entity1 with @entity1691 . Enthesitis also affects the life quality of @entity1 negatively.

title: Relationship between @entity4932 , clinical parameters and quality of life in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['enthesitis']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['spondyloarthritis', 'SpA']

entities_list: @entity7127 :: ('MESH:D048968', 'Disease') :: ['morning stiffness']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rest pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['European Spondylarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['tender joints', 'tender joints and swollen joints']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['spondyloarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Both total parenteral nutrition and long-term @entity2390 treatment (> 2 months) may induce @entity253 and @entity9279 . However, the lithogenic capacity of the combination of the two treatments in the short-term is unknown. This study was undertaken to evaluate the lithogenic capacity of short-term @entity2390 treatment (< 1 month) in @entity1 with acute @entity788 who are also receiving total parenteral nutrition, and to determine the evolution of @entity1 who develop @entity9279 . METHODOLOGY: Thirty @entity1 with acute @entity788 were studied (21 males, 9 females; average age: 38). All @entity1 received total parenteral nutrition and analgesics. In a double-blind random manner, 15 @entity1 were treated with a continuous subcutaneous administration of @entity2390 (200 micrograms/8 h) and a further 15 @entity1 received placebo. @entity9279 were examined by ultrasonography. An echographic examination of the gallbladder was performed every seven days while the @entity1 were in hospital. They were followed up every month, when another ultrasound of the gallbladder was carried out. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 (53%) developed sludge: ten (67%) from the @entity2390 group and six (33%) from the placebo group (P = 0.29). Two of the @entity1 from the @entity2390 group had @entity31316 (P = 0.34) and a cholecystectomy was required. In the other 14 @entity1 , sludge had disappeared by the time of the check-up performed one month after discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term @entity2390 treatment does not increase the risk of developing @entity9279 in @entity1 also receiving total parenteral nutrition. @entity253 formed during total parenteral nutrition and short-term @entity2390 therapy may disappear when @entity1 begin oral intake. Therefore, preventive measures are not required.

title: Effect of short-term @entity2390 therapy and total parenteral nutrition on the development of XXXX and @entity9279 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary sludge', 'Biliary sludge']

entities_list: @entity31316 :: ('MESH:C566478', 'Disease') :: ['microlithiasis']

entities_list: @entity9279 :: ('MESH:D020347', 'Disease') :: ['Biliary sludge and/or lithiasis', 'lithiasis', 'biliary sludge and/or lithiasis']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary sludge']


abstract: AIM: To determine the efficacy and safety of rapid induction therapy with oral @entity1140 without a meal in @entity479 -refractory @entity31 ( @entity31 ) @entity1 . METHODS: This was a prospective, multicenter, observational study. Between May 2010 and August 2012, 49 @entity479 -refractory @entity31 @entity1 (55 flare-ups) were consecutively enrolled. All @entity1 were treated with oral @entity1140 without a meal at an initial dose of 0.1 mg/kg per day. The dose was adjusted to maintain trough whole-blood levels of 10-15 ng/mL for the first 2 wk. Induction of remission at 2 and 4 wk after @entity1140 treatment initiation was evaluated using Lichtiger's clinical activity index (CAI). RESULTS: The mean CAI was 12.6    3.6 at onset. Within the first 7 d, 93.5% of @entity1 maintained high trough levels (10-15 ng/mL). The CAI significantly decreased beginning 2 d after treatment initiation. At 2 wk, 73.1% of @entity1 experienced clinical responses. After @entity1140 initiation, 31.4% and 75.6% of @entity1 achieved clinical remission at 2 and 4 wk, respectively. Treatment was well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Rapid induction therapy with oral @entity1140 shortened the time to achievement of appropriate trough levels and demonstrated a high remission rate 28 d after treatment initiation. Rapid induction therapy with oral @entity1140 appears to be a useful therapy for the treatment of refractory @entity31 .

title: Effects of oral @entity1140 as a rapid induction therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and efficacy of @entity6963 plus low-dose @entity617 for the maintenance of remission in @entity2883 ( @entity2883 ). METHODS: This was a Phase II, single-centre, open-label clinical investigation of @entity1 with generalized @entity2883 treated with @entity6963 after the induction of complete (n = 4) or partial (n = 16) remission by @entity786 / @entity617 combination therapy. @entity6963 treatment was initiated at 20 mg/day and increased to 30 mg/day after 12 weeks and, in @entity1 with partial remission, to 40 mg/day after 24 weeks. Concomitant low-dose @entity617 (< or =10 mg/day) was allowed during the study. In addition to the frequency of relapse, treatment efficacy was assessed by the standard measures of disease activity/extent. RESULTS: A total of 20 @entity1 were enrolled in the trial. During a treatment period of up to 2.5 yr (median 1.75 yr, range 1-2.5 yr), one @entity1 had a major relapse and required retreatment with @entity786 / @entity617 . Eight @entity1 had minor relapses that were successfully treated by dose increases to 40 mg/day @entity6963 . Disease activity remained unchanged for the duration of the study. The most frequently reported adverse events were mild @entity1729 (40%), @entity4841 (35%) and @entity101 (35%); dry skin, @entity5806 and @entity294 were each reported by 30% of @entity1 . Despite the aggressive pretreatment with @entity786 , adverse events with @entity6963 treatment at the higher dose (30-40 mg/day) were comparable with those seen with the standard dose (20 mg/day) for @entity309 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity6963 appears to be safe and well tolerated for the maintenance of complete or partial remission of @entity2883 . The results of this pilot study encourage further controlled trials comparing @entity6963 with alternative remission maintenance therapies.

title: Maintenance of remission with XXXX in @entity2883 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6963 :: ('MESH:C045463', 'Chemical') :: ['leflunomide', 'Leflunomide']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5806 :: ('MESH:D009260', 'Disease') :: ['nail disorder']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['WG', "Wegener's granulomatosis"]

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity6963 :: (MESH:C045463,Chemical) :: ['leflunomide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the short- and long-term outcomes of @entity1 treated operatively for @entity12040 and the effect of disease activity on results. METHODS: Forty-two (17%) of the 251 @entity1 enrolled in our @entity12040 registry between 1975 and 2002 required operation for symptomatic disease. Data were obtained from the registry, @entity1 records, phone correspondence, and written surveys. RESULTS: There were 38 females and 4 males with a median age of 29 years (range, 12 to 56 years), and 32 (76%) were white. Sixty operations were performed for symptomatic disease. The mean duration of symptoms before operation was 5.6 months (range, 0 to 25 months). Thirteen (31%) @entity1 had active disease and underwent operation for acute presentation or failure of medical management. Thirty-nine @entity1 (93%) had operation for occlusive disease. Twenty-two (52%) @entity1 had involvement of both the great and abdominal aortic branch vessels; 10 (24%) had great vessel disease alone; 9 (21%) had involvement of abdominal arteries; and 1 (2%) had @entity453 . There was no operative @entity204 , @entity583 , @entity64 , or @entity177 . Three @entity1 had early graft @entity715 , two had a minor @entity64 , and two developed hyperperfusion syndrome. The median follow-up was 6.7 years (range, 1 month to 19.3 years). Eleven (26%) @entity1 required 15 graft revisions; five of the @entity1 had active disease at the time of initial operation. All early revisions (<1 year) were in @entity1 with active disease. By Kaplan-Meier analysis, freedom from revision at 5 and 10 years was 100% in @entity1 with quiescent disease not requiring @entity230 (group I, n = 5, 12%), 95% and 81% in @entity1 whose disease was quiescent on @entity230 (group II, n = 24, 57%), 57% in @entity1 with active disease on @entity230 (group III, n = 7, 17%), and 33% in @entity1 with active disease and no long-term @entity230 (group IV, n = 6, 14%) (P < .006). The rate of revision or progression of disease at another site in 5 years was 0% in group 1, 10% in group 2, 57% in group 3, and 67% in group 4 (P < .001) The differences were even more pronounced when an analysis was done on the basis of disease activity alone, irrespective of @entity134 use. During the follow-up period, 3 of 39 great vessel, 2 of 18 mesenteric/renal, and 1 of 9 aortofemoropopliteal reconstructions occluded. The predicted mortality for @entity1 was 4% at both 5 and 10 years (95% CI) respectively (confidence interval [CI], 0% to 11%) and 10 (CI, 0% to 14%) years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The minority of @entity1 with @entity12040 require operation. In our predominantly white female @entity1 population, occlusive symptoms were the most common indication for operation. Operation for these selected @entity1 was safe, with no operative mortality, @entity583 , @entity64 , or @entity177 . @entity1 with active disease requiring operation are more likely to require revision or develop progressive symptomatic disease at another site. Long-term survival is excellent, regardless of disease activity at the time of operation.

title: XXXX : operative results and influence of disease activity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'major stroke']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ["Takayasu's arteritis"]

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity12040 :: (MESH:D013625,Disease) :: ['Takayasu's arteritis']


abstract: During the period from 1975 to 1989, a total of 59 @entity1 with superficial @entity418 (SEC) were operated on in our Surgical Clinic. Forty @entity1 of the 59 (68%) had been treated during the previous 5 yr. Although 22 @entity1 (37%) complained of slight esophageal symptoms, 12 @entity1 had only symptoms unrelated to @entity1208 , and 25 @entity1 were asymptomatic. In the latter @entity1 , the lesion was found by chance at the time of screening or follow-up examination of @entity344 . Endoscopy was very useful for the diagnosis of SEC, and Lugol's solution staining technique was an effective adjunctive means. The lesions in about half of the @entity1 were initially diagnosed by endoscopy in our series. Radiologic diagnosis of the lesions confined to the mucosal epithelium or lamina propria was particularly difficult. Lymph node @entity3 was not observed in @entity1 with @entity1697 . However, the @entity3 was demonstrated in 18 of 38 @entity1 (47%) with @entity3 . The 5-yr survival rate of @entity1 with SEC was 73%, which was significantly superior to that of @entity1 with advanced @entity418 (26%). Since the prognosis for the @entity1 with @entity3 and lymph node @entity3 was poor, we should be enthusiastic about extended lymph node dissection in the surgical treatment for @entity1 in whom @entity3 is suspected.

title: Superficial XXXX : a clinicopathological review of 59 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial or mucosal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal tract disease']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal disease']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'submucosal invasion']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: By definition, congenital concealed @entity17904 presents at birth. @entity1 are usually referred to physicians because of parental @entity148 caused by their @entity1 's penile size. OBJECTIVE: Several surgical procedures have been described to treat this condition, but its correction is still technically challenging. The present study reports a simple surgical approach, which allows preservation of the prepuce. @entity1 AND METHODS: During the last 6 years, 18 @entity1 with concealed @entity17904 (according to the classification by Maizels et  al.) have been treated in the present department (mean age 4.5 years, range 3-12 years). @entity1 with other conditions that caused buried @entity17904 were excluded from the study. The operation was performed through a longitudinal midline ventral incision, which was extended hemi-circumferentially at the penile base. The dysgenetic dartos was identified and its distal part was resected. Dissection of the corpora cavernosa was carried down to the suspensory ligament, which was sectioned. Buck's fascia was fixed to Scarpa's fascia and shaft skin was approximated in the midline. Penoscrotal angle was fashioned by Z-plasty or V-Y plasty. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 24 months (range 8-36). The postoperative @entity4 was mild and resolved within a week. All @entity1 had good to excellent outcomes. The median pre-operative to postoperative difference in penile length in the flaccid state was 2.6  cm (range 2.0-3.5). No serious complications or recurrent penile retraction were noted. DISCUSSION: Recent literature mostly suggests that concealed @entity17904 is due to @entity4094 . Consequences of this include: difficulties in maintaining proper hygiene, @entity24596 , voiding difficulties with prepuce ballooning and urine spraying, and embarrassment among peers. Surgical treatment for congenital concealed @entity17904 is warranted in @entity1 aged 3 years or older. The basis of the technique is the perception that in @entity1 with congenital concealed @entity17904 , the penile integuments are normal but they have abnormal attachments, and that incision of the skin and dartos will allow the shaft to extend. Furthermore, incisions of the fundiform and suspensory ligaments facilitate this maneuver. With this technique, the blood supply of the penile skin is not interrupted and postoperative @entity4269 , a difficult complication to deal with, is prevented. One major advantage is the preservation of the prepuce, giving a normal penile appearance and an excellent cosmetic result. CONCLUSION: The method proposed here is simple and has no serious complications. It is suggested that this condition be treated in pre-school-aged @entity1 in order to prevent @entity73 .

title: Correction of concealed XXXX with preservation of the prepuce.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'Children', 'boys', 'PATIENTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['deficient proximal attachments of dysgenetic dartos']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['psychological impairment']

answer: @entity17904 :: (MESH:D010409,Disease) :: ['penis']


abstract: The survival and the physiology of lactococcal cells in the different compartments of the digestive tracts of @entity35 were studied in order to know better the fate of ingested @entity880 bacteria after oral administration. For this purpose, we used strains marked with reporter genes, the luxA-luxB gene of @entity11784 and the gfp gene of Aequora victoria, that allowed us to differentiate the inoculated bacteria from food and the other intestinal bacteria. Luciferase was chosen to measure the metabolic activity of @entity7878 in the digestive tract because it requires @entity2125 , which is available only in metabolically active cells. The green fluorescent protein was used to assess the bacterial lysis independently of @entity204 . We report not only that specific factors affect the cell viability and integrity in some digestive tract compartments but also that the way bacteria are administrated has a dramatic impact. Lactococci which transit with the diet are quite resistant to gastric acidity (90 to 98% survival). In contrast, only 10 to 30% of bacteria survive in the duodenum. Viable cells are metabolically active in each compartment of the digestive tract, whereas most dead cells appear to be subject to rapid lysis. This property suggests that lactococci could be used as a vector to deliver specifically into the duodenum the proteins produced in the cytoplasm. This type of delivery vector would be particularly appropriate for targeting digestive enzymes such as lipase to treat @entity788 .

title: Survival, physiology, and lysis of XXXX in the digestive tract.

entities_list: @entity11784 :: ('669', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio harveyi']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity7878 :: ('1358', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis']

answer: @entity7878 :: (1358,Species) :: ['Lactococcus lactis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study examined the clinical profile of @entity2686 in Japan and the potential presence of features peculiar to Japan. Most previous studies of @entity2686 have focused on Caucasian populations. METHODS: Subjects comprised 86 consecutive new @entity2686 @entity1 (68 males, 18 females; mean age, 38.4        12.2 years; range, 17-73 years). Mean age at onset was 31.0 years and the ratio of males to females was 3.8:1. RESULTS: @entity2686 was observed in 3.5% of @entity1 . More than half of @entity1 (68.9%) reported feelings of @entity2146 during @entity10 episodes and 42.9% reported @entity2146 . @entity1 with uncoupling of feelings of @entity2146 and @entity2146 forced themselves to keep still. Similar findings were reported in a Taiwanese study. CONCLUSION: Japanese @entity1 in this study showed a relatively low prevalence of chronic @entity2686 , and uncoupling of a sense of @entity2146 and @entity2146 . These features of @entity2686 may be more common in Japanese and Taiwanese @entity1 than in Caucasian @entity1 .

title: Clinical profile of @entity2686 in Japan: low prevalence of chronic XXXX , and uncoupling of sense and behaviour of @entity2146 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['restless behaviour', 'restlessness']

entities_list: @entity2686 :: ('MESH:D003027', 'Disease') :: ['cluster headache', 'cluster headaches', 'Chronic cluster headache']

answer: @entity2686 :: (MESH:D003027,Disease) :: ['cluster headache']


abstract: @entity179 is common in adults. No consensus is available about the analysis or surgical treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis. In 2013, the French Society for Spine Surgery (Societe francaise de chirurgie du rachis) held a round table discussion to develop a classification system and assess the outcomes of the main surgical treatments. A multicentre study was conducted in nine centres located throughout France and Luxembourg. We established a database on a prospective cohort of 260 @entity1 included between July 2011 and July 2012 and a retrospective cohort of 410 @entity1 included in personal databases between 2009 and 2013. For @entity1 in the prospective cohort clinical assessments were performed before and after surgery using the self-administered functional impact questionnaire AQS, SF12, and @entity717 Index (ODI). Type of treatment and complications were recorded. Antero-posterior and lateral full-length radiographs were used to measure @entity1515 ( @entity1515 ), segmental @entity1515 (SL), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), and percentage of @entity3574 . Mean follow-up was 10  months. We started a randomised clinical trial comparing posterior fusion of degenerative spondylolisthesis with versus without an inter-body cage. 60 @entity1 were included, 30 underwent 180   fusion and 30 underwent 360   fusion using an inter-body cage implanted via a transforaminal approach. We evaluated the quality of neural decompression achieved by minimally invasive fusion technique. In a subgroup of 24 @entity1 computed tomography (CT) was performed before and after the procedure and then compared. Mean age was 67 years and 73% of degenerative spondylolisthesis were located at L4-L5 level. The many surgical procedures performed in the prospective cohort were posterior fusion (39%), posterior fusion combined with inter-body fusion (36%), dynamic stabilization (15%), @entity1347 (8%), and postero-lateral fusion without exogenous material (2%). Peri-operative complications of any severity occurred in 17% of @entity1 . The AQS, ODI and SF12 scores were improved significantly at follow-up. We found no differences in clinical improvements across surgical procedure types. Circumferential fusion (360  ) was associated with greater relief of nerve @entity158 and better @entity1515 recovery after 1 year compared to postero-lateral fusion (180  ). Post-operative CT images showed effective decompression of nervous structures after minimally invasive fusion. Longer follow-up of our @entity1 is needed to assess the stability of the results of the various surgical procedures. Based on a radiological analysis, the authors propose a new classification with five types of degenerative spondylolisthesis: type 1, SL>5   and @entity1515 >PI-10  ; type 2, SL<5   and @entity1515 >PI-10  ; type 3, @entity1515 <PI-10  ; type 4, @entity1515 <PI-10   and compensated sagittal balance with PT>25  ; and type 5, sagittal imbalance with SVA>4 cm. PROOF LEVEL: IV Observational cohort study. Retrospective review of prospectively collected outcome data.

title: @entity179 . Cohort of 670  XXXX , and proposal of a new classification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior lumbar fusion']

entities_list: @entity3574 :: ('OMIM:277300', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral slippage']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['lordosis', 'lumbar lordosis', 'LL']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['Degenerative spondylolisthesis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['root pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Growing evidence suggests that age-related @entity2414 are alleviated when the to-be-associated items are semantically related. Here we investigate whether this beneficial effect of semantic relatedness is paralleled by spatio-temporal changes in cortical EEG dynamics during incidental encoding. Young and older adults were presented with faces at a particular spatial location preceded by a biographical cue that was either semantically related or unrelated. As expected, automatic encoding of face-location associations benefited from semantic relatedness in the two groups of age. This effect correlated with increased power of theta oscillations over medial and anterior lateral regions of the @entity9861 and lateral regions of the @entity550 ( @entity550 ) in both groups. But better-performing elders also showed increased brain-behavior correlation in the theta band over the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) as compared to young adults. Semantic relatedness was, however, insufficient to fully eliminate age-related differences in associative memory. In line with this finding, poorer-performing elders relative to young adults showed significant reductions of theta power in the left IFG that were further predictive of @entity146 in the recognition task. All together, these results suggest that older adults benefit less than young adults from executive processes during encoding mainly due to @entity1274 over regions of the left ventrolateral @entity9861 (VLPFC). But this associative deficit may be partially compensated for by engaging preexistent semantic knowledge, which likely leads to an efficient recruitment of attentional and integration processes supported by the left P @entity550 and left anterior P @entity9861 respectively, together with neural compensatory mechanisms governed by the right VLPFC.

title: Effects of semantic relatedness on age-related associative XXXX : the role of theta oscillations.

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['PPC', 'posterior parietal cortex']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral impairment']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural inefficiency']

entities_list: @entity9861 :: ('5199', 'Gene') :: ['prefrontal cortex (PFC)', 'prefrontal cortex', 'PFC']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in associative memory']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['memory deficits']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e15037 Background: @entity4381 (ZA) is effective in preventing skeletal related events (SRE) in @entity263 @entity1 with bone @entity3 (mPC). However its efficacy beyond 24 months is uncertain. We aimed to assess the comparative effectiveness ZA discontinuation at 24 months vs its maintenance. METHODS: A retrospective cohort of mPC, in a Portuguese @entity5 centre, included mPC treated with ZA between 2002 and 2009. Three months of ZA were required for efficacy analysis. Time to first SRE was the efficacy outcome. @entity174 ; @entity1745 ; skeletal surgery; palliative bone radiotherapy or malignant @entity2741 diagnosed after >3 months of ZA were considered SRE. ZA efficacy in mPC treated <24 months (group A) vs >24months (group B) was compared with a cumulative incidence function (CIF) considering death a competing risk. Impact of potential confounders was assessed with a Cox proportional hazards model. Sample size of 400 @entity1 was computed to identify a 48% reduction in the risk of SRE for mPC treated for >24months with 80% power. RESULTS: A total of 212 mPC were included in the efficacy analysis, 23% treated for >24 months. Overall 68% had mPC at diagnosis and 44% were castration resistant at ZA initiation. The overall SRE rate was 15% and 58% of the @entity1 died. CIF for group A and B were similar with an estimated hazard ratio of 0.93 (95CI 0.59; 2.01) which was unchanged after adjusting for age, AJCC stage, castration resistance status at ZA initiation, palliative chemotherapy and palliative radiotherapy before ZA initiation. CONCLUSIONS: It would be clinically important to clearly demonstrate the benefit of ZA beyond 24 months, as discontinuation may be an issue. From our results, no clear evidence exists of such a benefit. However the retrospective design, low SRE rate and smaller than anticipated sample size are limitations to be considered.

title: Efficacy of continuing @entity4381 beyond 24 months in metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Pathologic bone fracture']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['Zoledronic acid']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4600 ( @entity4601 (22:6n3)), the principal @entity9539 ( @entity5204 ) in the retina, has been shown to have a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect in numerous in vivo and in vitro studies. Despite the importance of @entity32 in @entity6 , the anti-inflammatory role of @entity4601 (22:6n3) in cytokine-stimulated @entity1 @entity989 endothelial cells (hRVECs) has not been addressed. METHODS: Cytokine-induced expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) was assessed by Western blot. The effect of @entity4601 (22:6n3) on cytokine-induced @entity2451 signaling was analyzed by Western blot analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). RESULTS: Stimulation of hRVECs with VEGF(165), @entity310 , or @entity1356 for 6 to 24 hours caused significant induction of @entity2071 and @entity4725 expression. Pretreatment of the cells with 100 microM of BSA-bound @entity4601 (22:6n3) for 24 hours remarkably inhibited cytokine-induced CAM expression. @entity1356 , @entity310 , and VEGF(165) induced nuclear translocation and binding of @entity9135 and p50 @entity2451 isoforms to the @entity4725 promoter. @entity4601 (22:6n3) pretreatment inhibited cytokine-induced @entity2451 binding by 25% to 40%. Moreover, @entity4601 (22:6n3) diminished @entity1356 induced phosphorylation of the inhibitor of @entity2451 ( @entity4284 ), thus preventing its degradation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1356 , @entity310 , and VEGF(165) induced CAM expression in hRVECs through activation of the @entity2451 pathway. @entity4601 (22:6n3) inhibited cytokine induced CAM expression through suppression of @entity2451 nuclear translocation and upstream @entity4284 phosphorylation and degradation. @entity4601 (22:6n3) could be an important anti-inflammatory agent in the face of increased cytokine production and CAM expression in the @entity6 .

title: Anti-inflammatory effect of @entity4600 on cytokine-induced adhesion molecule expression in @entity1 XXXX endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['vascular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2451 :: ('4790', 'Gene') :: ['nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB', 'NF-kappaB']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retina', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['Docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vascular']

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1', 'VCAM-1']

entities_list: @entity9539 :: ('MESH:D015525', 'Chemical') :: ['n3-polyunsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinal vascular']


abstract: Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that the amygdala is involved in limbic @entity410 observed in @entity1 with @entity1315 . Here, we used simultaneous field and intracellular recordings from horizontal brain slices obtained from @entity2134 -treated @entity35 and age-matched nonepileptic controls (NECs) to shed light on the electrophysiological changes that occur within the lateral nucleus (LA) of the amygdala. No significant differences in LA neuronal intrinsic properties were observed between @entity2134 -treated and NEC tissue. However, spontaneous field activity could be recorded in the LA of 21% of @entity2134 -treated slices but never from NECs. At the intracellular level, this network activity was characterized by robust neuronal firing and was abolished by glutamatergic antagonists. In addition, we could identify in all @entity2134 -treated LA neurons: 1) large amplitude depolarizing postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) and 2) a lower incidence of spontaneous hyperpolarizing PSPs as compared with NECs. Single-shock stimulation of LA networks in the presence of glutamatergic antagonists revealed a biphasic inhibitory PSP (IPSP) in both NECs and @entity2134 -treated tissue. The reversal potential of the early GABA(A) receptor-mediated component, but not of the late @entity1246 (B) receptor-mediated component, was significantly more depolarized in @entity2134 -treated slices. Furthermore, the peak conductance of both fast and late IPSP components had significantly lower values in @entity2134 -treated LA cells. Finally, paired-pulse stimulation protocols in the presence of glutamatergic antagonists revealed a less pronounced @entity308 of the second IPSP in @entity2134 -treated slices compared with NECs. Altogether, these findings suggest that alterations in both pre- and postsynaptic inhibitory mechanisms contribute to synaptic hyperexcitability of LA networks in @entity302 @entity35 .

title: Altered inhibition in lateral amygdala networks in a @entity35 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: @entity397 tendon is a well-described injury. There is a scarcity of literature relating to the outcome of @entity1 with this injury after surgery. We undertook a retrospective analysis of @entity1 who had surgical repair of their @entity397 at our institution over a seven year period-totalling 27 @entity1 . Males were more commonly affected with a M:F ratio of 8:1. The peak incidence was in the sixth decade of life. The non-dominant limb was twice as likely to be affected. Assessment consisted of completion of a functional knee questionnaire, clinical examination and isokinetic testing on a Biodex dynanometer. Symptomatic outcome following surgical repair was excellent with a mean symptom score generated of 22.7 out of a maximum of 25. 18/19 @entity1 returned to their premorbid level of activity on average 18.1 weeks following injury. There was no difference in quadriceps girth comparing affected and unaffected limbs. Less than 5 degrees deficit in range of motion existed between affected and unaffected limbs. Approximately two-thirds of @entity1 were the same or better when comparing peak torque/body weight, average power, maximum average peak torque and total work/body weight in affected and unaffected limbs.

title: Outcomes following quadriceps XXXX .

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured quadriceps tendon', 'Complete rupture of the quadriceps femoris']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['tendon ruptures']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: A cooperative @entity1 is essential in maintaining stone targeting for optimal fragmentation during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Therefore, it is important to choose an appropriate analgesic with minimal adverse effects. The guidelines for @entity158 management during ESWL have not been established. CURRENT STATUS: Various analgesic agents including opioids ( @entity1286 , @entity6882 , and @entity3575 ), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS - @entity3522 , @entity1875 , @entity6058 , and @entity5230 ), local anesthetic agents and a number of combinations have been used during ESWL by various techniques (general anesthesia, regional anesthesia, subcutaneous and intravenous injections, @entity1 -controlled analgesia, and monitored anesthesia care). @entity7255 creams like eutectic mixture of local anesthesia (EMLA) whether used alone or in combination with oral NSAIDS have also been used and are able to reduce analgesic requirements. Topical application of a combination of @entity3733 and @entity3303 has also been found to be effective. CONCLUSION: The ideal analgesic, offering @entity158 control, minimal side effects, and cost-effectiveness is still elusive. Opioids administered using various techniques, provide effective analgesia, but require active monitoring of @entity1 for potential adverse effects. Combination therapy (oral NSAID and occlusive dressing of @entity5404 , @entity3733 with @entity3303 ) offers an effective alternative mode for achieving analgesia with minimal morbidity. This therapy avoids the need for general anesthesia, injectable analgesics, and opioids along with their side effects.

title: Analgesia for XXXX control during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: Current status.

entities_list: @entity5230 :: ('MESH:D010894', 'Chemical') :: ['piroxicam']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['pethidine']

entities_list: @entity7255 :: ('MESH:D018366', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneous']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'optimal pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: @entity1260 has single agent activity in @entity0 and may potentiate the activity of @entity632 . The combination of @entity1260 5 g/m2 and @entity632 40 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for 4 cycles was used to treat 77 @entity1 with @entity0 . Fifty three @entity1 had not received prior chemotherapy. All @entity1 had one or more poor prognostic features, including @entity5 expression of @entity470 in 11/12 tested. The overall response rate was 74% (95% confidence intervals 62%-83%). The median survival was 9.4 months. The principal @entity137 were @entity1398 and @entity1260 @entity75 each in 6% of @entity1 . A high percentage of the projected dose intensity was administered. This is a highly active combination with acceptable @entity137 in @entity0 , although the long term survival remains poor. Further exploration of @entity1260 in combination chemotherapy for @entity0 is warranted.

title: Results of chemotherapy using @entity1260 with @entity632 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['Ifosfamide', 'ifosfamide']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['advanced breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postoperative extrahepatic @entity3 (EHM) contributes to a poor prognosis in @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) after hepatectomy. This study was aimed to develop a practical method that can be used to predict postoperative EHM. METHODS: In total, 578 @entity1 were enrolled. We analyzed the clinicopathological features of the @entity5 and did a long-term follow-up to observe @entity157 recurrence. Postoperative EHM was detected in 136 @entity1 , and multivariate analysis was used to confirm independent risk factors for postoperative EHM. After the factors were identified, a predictive scoring system was constructed as a weighted sum of these factors. The cutoff value that determines a high risk for EHM was defined by maximizing the Youden's index of the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS: Microvascular invasion, incomplete capsule, and larger @entity5 diameter were the three independent factors predictive for a high risk for EHM. The scoring system was derived with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81 for postoperative 10-year EHM prediction. A cutoff value of 43 was derived and validated with a sensitivity >90% and specificity >60% to predict the development of EHM. This system was further verified in a subgroup of Barcelona Clinic @entity96 stage 0-A @entity1 with an AUC of 0.82. When the cutoff value was set at 43, the sensitivity and specificity were 90.38% and 64.88%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our predictive scoring system may be used to identify @entity157 @entity1 who have a high risk for EHM following curative hepatectomy.

title: Independent factors and predictive score for extrahepatic @entity3 of XXXX following curative hepatectomy.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Liver Cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Argania spinosa is an evergreen tree endemic of southwestern Morocco. Many preparations have been used in traditional Moroccan medicine for centuries to treat several illnesses including @entity6 . However, scientific evidence supporting these actions is lacking. Therefore, we prepared various extracts of the argan fruit, namely keel, cake and argan oil extracts, which we tested in the HTC @entity157 cell line for their potential to affect cellular @entity2690 responses. Cell viability was measured by Trypan Blue exclusion and the response to @entity2690 evaluated by the activation of the extracellular regulated kinase ( @entity1366 ), ERK kinase ( @entity16629 ) and protein kinase B ( @entity584 ) signaling components. None of the extracts demonstrated significant cytotoxic activity. Certain extracts demonstrated a bi-phasic effect on @entity1366 activation; low doses of the extract slightly increased @entity1366 activation in response to @entity2690 , whereas higher doses completely abolished the response. In contrast, none of the extracts had any significant effect on @entity8047 whereas only a cake saponin subfraction enhanced @entity584 activation. The specific action of argan oil extracts on @entity1366 activation made us consider an anti-proliferative action. We have thus tested other transformed cell lines (HT-1080 and @entity2073 -MDCK-INV cells) and found similar results. Inhibition of @entity1366 activation was also associated with decreased DNA synthesis as evidenced by @entity665 incorporation experiments. These results suggest that the products of Argania spinosa may provide a new therapeutic avenue against @entity66 .

title: XXXX -sensitizing and anti-proliferative effects of Argania spinosa seed extracts.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity584 :: ('207', 'Gene') :: ['PKB/Akt', 'insulin-induced PKB/Akt']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['Insulin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity20136 ( @entity20136 ) is an @entity74 characterized by abnormally low levels of @entity755 ( @entity755 ) containing lipoproteins. @entity20136 is caused by @entity755 , @entity756 or @entity36549 mutations or is associated with loci located in chromosomes 10 and 3p21. However, other genes should be involved. This study describes the kinetic parameters of the @entity755 containing lipoproteins and sequence abnormalities of the @entity755 and @entity756 genes of @entity20136 @entity1 identified in a large hospital based survey. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cases with primary or secondary causes of @entity20136 were identified. @entity755 kinetics were measured in cases with primary forms in whom truncated forms of @entity755 were not present in VLDL (n = 4). A primed constant infusion of [ @entity7352 ] @entity368 was administered, VLDL and LDL @entity755 production and catabolic rates measured by a multicompartmental model and compared to normolipemic controls. In addition, these subjects had an abdominal ultrasound and direct sequencing was carried out for the @entity756 and @entity755 genes. RESULTS: Three individuals had normal @entity755 production with increased catabolic rate; the remaining had reduced synthetic and catabolic rates. Various polymorphisms, some of them previously unreported (*), in the @entity756 gene ( @entity60108 , @entity45249 , @entity60109 , @entity60110 *, @entity60111 *) and in the @entity755 gene ( @entity60112 *, @entity60113 , @entity60114 , @entity60115 *, @entity60116 , T3540S*, T3799M*) were found in the @entity20136 @entity1 . We found hepatic ultrasound changes of @entity1560 in only one of the four probands. CONCLUSION: @entity20136 without truncated @entity755 is a heterogeneous disease from a metabolic and a genetic perspective. @entity20136 is a risk factor but not an obligate cause of @entity1560 .

title: XXXX in a hospital survey: genetics, metabolism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis', 'hepatic steatosis']

entities_list: @entity45249 :: ('p|SUB|A|53|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['A53V']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['ApoB', 'APOB', 'apoB', 'apolipoprotein-B']

entities_list: @entity20136 :: ('MESH:D006995', 'Disease') :: ['FHBL', 'hypobetalipoproteinemia', 'Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia', 'Hypobetalipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant disease']

entities_list: @entity60108 :: ('p|SUB|R|46|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R46L']

answer: @entity20136 :: (MESH:D006995,Disease) :: ['Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia']