abstract: @entity1 intoxications with inorganic @entity349 occur via the oral or pulmonar routes. However, earlier experimental studies of the acute @entity137 of inorganic @entity349 primarily used parenteral administration of soluble inorganic @entity349 salts. The present study evaluated the effect of dose size on intestinal absorption and relative organ distribution of orally administered @entity3143 . Experiments were performed with male @entity19 of 2 strains (inbred CBA/Bom and outbred Bom: NMRI). At the highest dose of @entity3143 , a delay in fecal elimination of non-absorbed @entity349 was observed indicating a decreased peristaltic rate. The fractional whole-body retention of @entity349 at 14 days after dosage was inversely related to the dose size, conceivably due either to saturation of the uptake mechanism or to @entity8 resulting in loss of @entity349 with the urine at the highest dose levels. The relative organ distribution of @entity349 after oral exposure was quantitatively different from that reported in the literature after parenteral administration of inorganic @entity349 . Thus, the relative hepatic deposition was larger than after injection of @entity349 , presumably due to the first pass effect. A dose dependency in the relative organ distribution of retained @entity349 was observed, characterized by increasing relative deposition in liver, stomach, intestines, testes, spleen and carcass but decreasing relative renal deposition with increasing dose. The toxicokinetics of inorganic @entity349 was similar in the 2 @entity19 strains. The present study demonstrates that the toxicokinetics of orally administered inorganic @entity349 is different from that of parenterally administered inorganic @entity349 as earlier reported in the literature.

title: Oral XXXX exposure in @entity19 : effects of dose on intestinal absorption and relative organ distribution.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['damage to the kidneys']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3143 :: ('MESH:D008627', 'Chemical') :: ['mercuric chloride', 'HgCl2']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

answer: @entity3143 :: (MESH:D008627,Chemical) :: ['mercuric chloride']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess presentation, imaging, treatment, and outcome of @entity1 with @entity602 due to a @entity2457 ( @entity2457 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: This retrospective review identified 94 @entity1 with @entity2457 surgically treated at our institution between June 1985 and December 1999. The mean ages of the 75 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 were 62.6 years and 63.0 years, respectively (range, 31-83 years). Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 87 @entity1 , computed tomography-myelography was performed in 37 @entity1 , and spinal angiography was performed in all @entity1 . Initial examination findings were retrospectively adjusted to a modified Aminoff-Logue @entity602 scale. RESULTS: Of the 94 @entity1 , 47 presented with symptoms that worsened with erect posture or Valsalva maneuver. As @entity602 progressed, @entity1 ' symptoms increased, and 6 @entity1 had @entity451 at presentation. The mean time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 23 months (range, 2-120 months). Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis in 86 @entity1 ; computed tomography-myelography was needed to confirm the @entity292 in 1 @entity1 . Spinal angiography detected the @entity292 in all @entity1 . Surgical obliteration of the @entity2457 was successful in 93 @entity1 ; in 1 @entity1 surgery failed because the @entity2457 was not localized, but @entity887 was successful. No @entity1 experienced permanent morbidity or mortality. Of the 94 @entity1 , 93 improved postoperatively 1 or 2 levels based on a modified Aminoff-Logue scale. Older @entity1 with severe long-term deficits had poor outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of a @entity2457 seems to be delayed considerably because @entity2457 is not included in the differential diagnosis of @entity602 and because of clinicians' unfamiliarity with suggestive or revealing findings on diagnostic imaging. Neurodiagnostic imaging confirms the diagnosis, and spinal angiography localizes the @entity292 . Surgical intradural disconnection of the @entity2457 clinically reverses the pathophysiology. Additionally, surgical treatment is associated with low short-term morbidity, no permanent morbidity, and no mortality. If the diagnosis is made early and treatment initiated in such @entity1 , they generally do well.

title: Clinical and radiographic features of XXXX , a treatable cause of @entity602 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['DAVF', 'dural arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['acrylic endovascular embolization']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity2457 :: (MESH:D020785,Disease) :: ['dural arteriovenous fistula']


abstract: In the pathogenesis of @entity2622 there are three major components, two of them related to the role of @entity1 papillomaviruses (HPV). First, the effect of viral E6 and E7 proteins. Second, the integration of viral DNA in chromosomal regions associated with well known @entity5 phenotypes. Some of these viral integrations occur recurrently at specific chromosomal locations, such as 8q24 and 12q15, both harbouring HPV18 and @entity1799 . And third, there are other recurrent genetic alterations not linked to HPV. Recurrent losses of heterozygosity (LOH) have been detected in chromosome regions 3p14-22, 4p16, 5p15, 6p21-22, 11q23, 17p13.3 without effect on @entity876 , 18q12-22 and 19q13, all of them suggesting the alteration of putative @entity5 suppressor genes not yet identified. Recurrent amplification has been mapped to 3q+ arm, with the common region in 3q24-28 in 90% of invasive @entity189 . The mutator phenotype, microsatellite instability, plays a minor role and is detected in only 7% of cervical @entity189 . The development of @entity2622 requires the sequential occurrence and selection of several genetic alterations. The identification of the specific genes involved, and their correlation with specific @entity5 properties and stages could improve the understanding and perhaps the management of @entity2622 .

title: The molecular genetics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['cervical carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether @entity6127 are associated with long gap @entity1152 and @entity4501 (EA- @entity10859 ). METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective review of all @entity1 who had EA- @entity10859 from 1980 to 1996 at two pediatric surgery centers. Two hundred three @entity1 who had EA- @entity10859 were identified. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 were noted to have both long gap EA- @entity10859 defined as a gap length greater than 3 cm and @entity6127 . Of these 12, 7 had aberrant right subclavian arteries originating from the descending aorta. Four of the seven @entity1 who had @entity5216 ( @entity3526 ) had gap lengths greater than 4 cm. All four had their fistulae divided initially through a right thoracotomy with primary repair performed at a later date. The remaining five @entity1 who had long gap EA- @entity10859 had right-sided aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian arteries. All five initially underwent exploration through the right chest. On discovery of the long gap EA and concurrent @entity455 , the thoracotomies were closed, and the @entity1 underwent definitive repair of both their EA- @entity10859 and their @entity455 through a left thoracotomy. CONCLUSIONS: The authors find that @entity6127 are associated with long gap EA- @entity10859 . @entity1 who have these two anomalies tend to have a long gap. Preoperative diagnosis of these anomalies may alter the timing and technique of surgical intervention. The embryogenesis of these @entity455 may account for this more severe form of @entity1152 .

title: @entity6127 associated with long gap @entity1152 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions', 'vascular anomaly']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia']

entities_list: @entity6127 :: ('MESH:D007569', 'Disease') :: ['aortic arch anomalies']

entities_list: @entity5216 :: ('MESH:C535555', 'Disease') :: ['aberrant right subclavian artery']

answer: @entity4501 :: (MESH:D014138,Disease) :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The NIH consensus conference in 1994 recommended that all @entity1 with @entity10189 should be tested and treated for @entity1534 . Recent studies have shown that the eradication of @entity1534 is associated with a significant reduction in the relapse rate of @entity10189 , but there are few reports about long-term outcome. AIMS: To evaluate the relapse rate of peptic @entity1066 in the long-term follow-up of @entity1 after @entity1534 eradication therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 infected with @entity1534 (445; 88 duodenal @entity1066 , 357 @entity2275 ) were randomly divided into three groups. In group A, @entity1 received 'conventional treatment' including acid decreasing therapy with a @entity112 H2-receptor antagonist or @entity7080 inhibitor (PPI). In group B, @entity1 received 'dual therapy' including one antibiotic plus acid-decreasing therapy. In group C, @entity1 received 'triple therapy' with PPI plus @entity115 and @entity4581 . Eradication of @entity1534 infection was assessed by histology of biopsy specimens from both the antrum and body corpus at 4 weeks, and 6 and 12 months after stopping therapy. Endoscopy was performed at intervals of 6 months for 5 years. RESULTS: Intention-to-treat eradication rates for the duodenal @entity1066 @entity1 were 0% for group A, 46% for group B and 80% for group C; eradication rates for the @entity2275 @entity1 were 0%, 33% and 83% respectively. No recurrence was noted in the duodenal @entity1066 @entity1 and only 4% of @entity2275 recurred after successful eradication during follow-up for 5 years. In contrast, in @entity1 with persistent @entity1534 infection all DU and 92% of @entity2275 recurred. CONCLUSION: Eradication of @entity1534 infection changes the natural course of peptic @entity1066 .

title: Successful eradication of XXXX prevents relapse of @entity10189 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcers']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers', 'gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: @entity442 stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation, which are fundamental to neointimal @entity1373 in postangioplasty restenosis. @entity442 action is modulated by several high-affinity IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). @entity12561 is the predominant IGFBP produced by VSMCs and is a potent inhibitor of @entity442 action. However, specific @entity12561 proteases can cleave @entity12561 and liberate active @entity442 . In this study, we document @entity12561 protease produced by @entity1 and porcine coronary artery VSMCs in culture as @entity15714 ( @entity15714 ). This was shown by a distinctive @entity12561 cleavage pattern, specific inhibition of @entity12561 protease activity with @entity15714 polyclonal antibodies, and immunorecognition of @entity15714 by monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, we found a 2-fold increase in @entity12561 protease activity in injured porcine VSMC cultures in vitro (P<0.05). We also evaluated @entity12561 protease/ @entity15714 expression in vivo after coronary @entity1317 . Twenty-five immature female @entity1707 underwent coronary overstretch balloon injury, and vessels were examined at defined time points after the procedure. Abundant @entity15714 expression was observed in the cytoplasm of medial and neointimal cells 7, 14, and 28 days after angioplasty (P<0.01 vs control). The highest @entity15714 labeling indices were located in the @entity8233 (36.1+/-2.1%) and the media (31.7+/-1.2%) 28 days after injury. Western blot analysis confirmed increased @entity15714 in injured vessels. @entity15714 , a regulator of @entity442 bioavailability through proteolysis of @entity12561 , is thus expressed by VSMCs in vitro and in @entity75 in vivo. These results suggest a possible role for @entity15714 in neointimal @entity1373 .

title: XXXX protease produced by smooth muscle cells increases in the coronary artery after angioplasty.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['restenotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity15714 :: ('5069', 'Gene') :: ['pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A', 'PAPP-A']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['artery balloon injury']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity12561 :: (3487,Gene) :: ['Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bivalves comprise around 30,000 extant species and have received much attention for their importance in ecosystems, aquaculture and evolutionary studies. Despite the increasing application of real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) in gene expression studies on bivalve species, little research has been conducted on reference gene selection which is critical for reliable and accurate qRT-PCR analysis. For scallops, systematic evaluation of reference genes that can be used among tissues or embryo/larva stages is lacking, and b-actin (ACT) is most frequently used as qRT-PCR reference gene without validation. RESULTS: In this study, 12 commonly used candidate reference genes were selected from the transcriptome data of @entity7177 (Patinopectenyessoensis) for suitable qRT-PCR reference genes identification. The expression of these genes in 36 tissue samples and 15 embryo/larva samples under normal physiological conditions was examined by qRT-PCR, and their expression stabilities were evaluated using three statistic algorithms, geNorm, NormFinder, and comparative    Ct method. Similar results were obtained by the three approaches for the most and the least stably expressed genes. Final comprehensive ranking for the 12 genes combing the results from the three programs showed that, for different tissues, DEAD-box RNA helicase (HELI), ubiquitin (UBQ), and 60S ribosomal protein L16 (RPL16) were the optimal reference genes combination, while for different embryo/larva stages, gene set containing @entity54653 ( @entity54653 ), Cytochrome C (CC), Histone H3.3 (His3.3), and @entity16335 dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were recommended for qRT-PCR normalization. ACT was among the least stable genes for both adult tissues and embryos/larvae. CONCLUSIONS: This work constitutes the first systematic analysis on reference genes selection for qRT-PCR normalization in scallop under normal conditions. The suitable reference genes we recommended will be useful for the identification of genes related to biological processes in @entity7177 , and also in the reference gene selection for other scallop or bivalve species.

title: Identification of reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis in @entity7177 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7177 :: ('6573', 'Species') :: ['Yesso scallop']

entities_list: @entity16335 :: ('MESH:D005986', 'Chemical') :: ['Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate']

answer: @entity7177 :: (6573,Species) :: ['Patinopecten yessoensis']


abstract: Retrospective evaluation was made of four @entity1 with @entity1511 who had been studied by MR with T1- and T2-weighted images in the sagittal plane and spin-density-weighted images in the axial plane. Evaluation was made of the distribution of abnormal signals within the body and posterior elements of the vertebrae, the intervertebral disk, and the associated @entity14159 . In two of the cases, three-level involvement was seen with noninvolvement of intervening disks; @entity3 were misdiagnosed. One @entity1 had @entity1347 without visualization of the disk. The last @entity1 had the more typical MR characteristics of intervertebral disk infection. Plain film examination showed only degenerative changes in three of the four cases. MR revealed more extensive involvement than the plain films did. Involvement of the posterior element and posterior vertebral body was prominent in three of the four cases. This is a significant finding since these @entity1 are more likely to have neurologic symptoms and require laminectomy. Follow-up examinations in two cases showed increased signal on T1-weighted images, suggesting infiltration of hemopoietic marrow with fat, as has been described for @entity179 . The anatomy of the microcirculation of the vertebral body is related to the patterns of @entity4034 , and discrepancies can be seen between the findings in our cases and the MR criteria previously noted for pyogenic @entity4034 . The MR findings in our @entity1 generally were more typical of @entity5 than of infection. These findings may reflect the characteristics of the tuberculous organism relative to the age-dependent pattern of vertebral microcirculation. Correct diagnosis of @entity1511 in young to middle-aged adults requires correlation of MR and clinical findings.

title: MR imaging characteristics of XXXX vs @entity4034 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior/inferior erosion of the vertebral body']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity14159 :: ('MESH:D015174', 'Disease') :: ['paraspinal and epidural areas']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1511 :: (MESH:D013166,Disease) :: ['tuberculous spondylitis']


abstract: This investigation addresses a theoretical concept of @entity5 pathogenesis proposed over 40 years ago, namely that @entity5 -associated @entity2741 can result from endocrine secretion by @entity5 of a @entity461 -like factor. These studies demonstrate that a fragment of @entity27392 alone, without added or @entity5 -secreted cofactors or hormones, can produce @entity2741 and other biochemical abnormalities associated with HHM. The @entity2741 can be generated by @entity27392 -(1-34) @entity2733 action on bone, although kidney and gut could contribute to the @entity751 when it occurs naturally. No other @entity5 -secreted peptide displays this biological profile. These studies establish one ( @entity461 -like) mechanism by which @entity1 @entity5 could produce @entity2741 . Furthermore, the finding that @entity27392 -(1-34) @entity2733 is more potent than @entity461 in some systems is of considerable interest for the future design of hormone analogs. A broad spectrum of biological properties of @entity27392 -(1-34) @entity2733 , including production of components of the @entity751 , can be inhibited by a @entity461 antagonist. Because [Tyr-34]bPTH-(7-34) @entity2733 selectively and competitively occupies @entity461 receptors, our studies demonstrate formally that @entity27392 -(1-34) @entity2733 mediates some (and perhaps all) of its actions via receptors conventionally regarded as intended for interaction with @entity461 , but which actually may be present to allow for expression of bioactivity of both secreted proteins. Although some structural homology is shared by the two hormones and many contribute to interaction with receptors, the disparity in structure, especially within the 1-34 domains responsible for bioactivity in both hormones, is more pronounced. The similarity in biological profiles despite structural differences between @entity27392 and @entity461 is emphasized by the inhibitory action of [Tyr-34]bPTH-(7-34) @entity2733 against the @entity5 peptide even in the absence of much of the homologous region in the @entity461 antagonist. This investigation provides impetus for designing more potent antagonists, which must now be regarded more appropriately as inhibitors of both @entity461 and @entity27392 . Such antagonists may best be generated from hybrid structures of the two hormones. In any case, these studies establish a promising new approach to therapy of @entity5 -associated @entity2741 .

title: A @entity5 -secreted protein associated with @entity1 @entity2741 of XXXX . Biology and molecular biology.

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['HHM syndrome']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of resectional surgery as an adjuvant therapy in multi- @entity6371 . METHODS: A total of 27 @entity1 @entity465 virus (HIV)-negative @entity1 with multi- @entity6371 underwent resectional surgery between 1993 and 1996. The lesions were bilateral in 16 cases, with a preponderance of cavities on one side. Out of 27 cases, 5 @entity1 had unilaterally destroyed lung; 20 @entity1 underwent pneumonectomy (15 left, 5 right). Lobectomy operations included bilobectomy superior (n = 1), right lower lobectomy (n = 2), right upper lobectomy (n = 3), and left upper lobectomy with superior segmentectomy (n = 1). RESULTS: Because of @entity548 , 2 cases who underwent a right and left pneumonectomy, respectively, required revision on the first day . @entity292 was found in 2 cases with left pneumonectomy. Apical residual space was left in one of the 3 @entity1 who underwent right upper lobectomy. Retreatment protocols resulted in negative cultures and smears in all @entity1 with an average duration of 4 months (1-6 months). A total of 4 @entity1 (16%) completed a retreatment period of 18-24 months with negative cultures. Only 1 @entity1 (3.7%) developed relapse in the 17th month of retreatment. @entity1 with negative cultures numbered 22 and continued receiving retreatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that surgical management of multi- @entity6371 , combined with chemotherapy, provides a more favourable outcome than that obtained with medical therapy alone.

title: Role of surgery in multi- XXXX : results of 27 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6371 :: ('MESH:D018088', 'Disease') :: ['drug resistant tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchopleural fistula']

answer: @entity6371 :: (MESH:D018088,Disease) :: ['drug-resistant tuberculosis']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review highlights recent research findings, including their clinical application, for insoles and footwear in @entity626 . In particular, it examines their effect on knee load, @entity571 symptoms and disease progression. RECENT FINDINGS: Increased joint loading increases the risk of @entity571 progression, but is amenable to change. Given the prevalence of medial compartment @entity571 , insoles and footwear largely aim to reduce the knee adduction moment, an indicator of medial compartment load. Lateral wedged insoles can reduce this moment but do not appear to slow disease progression. Although nonexperimental and quasiexperimental studies report favourable effects of lateral wedges on symptoms, clinical trials have not been confirmatory. Medial wedged insoles show promise in relieving symptoms of lateral compartment disease. Walking in shoes increases joint load compared with walking in barefeet. Shoes with a flat or low heel and that are flexible rather than stabilizing may be optimal; however, effects of off-the-shelf shoes on @entity571 symptoms are unknown. Promising shoe modifications include shoes that promote foot mobility and those with variable @entity2693 or laterally wedged soles. SUMMARY: Insoles and footwear offer great potential, as simple, inexpensive-treatment strategies for @entity626 . Further research is needed to evaluate efficacy and to determine which @entity1 subgroups are most responsive.

title: Advances in insoles and shoes for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Continuous @entity413 monitoring system is a wide spreading method in the control of the therapy of @entity6 , nowadays recording the fluctuation of the @entity413 level between two measurements during the classical @entity413 measurements. @entity1 AND METHOD: 79 measurements of 53 @entity6 @entity1 were analysed. 48/53 (90.5%) (30 @entity1 , 18 @entity1 , mean age: 26.3 +/- 16.8 years) were @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 , 5/53 (9.5%) (4 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 , mean age: 58.4 +/- 6.2 years) were @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . After delineating the technical details of this technique, results of the measurements recorded in the authors' @entity1 population are presented reviewing the advantages and disadvantages of the method. During the average measurements of 3-4 days MiniMed apparatus were used. RESULTS: The method proved to be useful in detecting the down-phenomenon and the asymptomatic hypoglycemic events mainly, however, long hyperglycemic periods were seen several times. The method led to change of therapy in 64.5% of all measurements, but the authors present unsuccessful measurements due to the error of the sensor and cases when the results did not help the therapeutic decision. CONCLUSIONS: Authors describe a wide range of indications of the usage of this method based on their own and other authors' experience presenting its applicability and limits. It is highlighted that the method is not effective in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Presenting their results the authors emphasize that this method provides extra information compared to the classical measurements leading to a better glycemic control and life expectancy in @entity164 1 @entity6 @entity1 .

title: [The role of continuous XXXX monitoring in the therapy of @entity6 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: A panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against various lymphoid and non-lymphoid cell subsets was used to study the lymph nodes of @entity1 fetuses of 16-40 weeks. B cells were of intermediate size and were present at all ages in primitive follicles and in the outer cortex. The fetal B-cell immunophenotype is indicative of an intermediate stage of development, just preceding the differentiation to mature B cell. Forty to sixty per cent @entity5893 + B cells were observed in the follicles until the end of the second trimester. At all stages, T cells showed an immunophenotype similar to type III thymocytes, different from adult peripheral T cells, with a marked predominance of @entity404 + T cells. @entity4755 + NK cells were generally absent. OKIa+ interdigitating reticulum cells were present in T-cell areas. Some axillary lymph nodes showed strongly @entity4897 + dendritic cells, probably Langerhans' cells. Macrophages and granulocytes were present in varying numbers. Altogether, our results indicate that fetal lymph nodes are quite well differentiated at an early fetal age, although T and B cells do not (yet) show adult immunophenotypes. The expression of the CD38 antigen may be a main marker related to the immaturity of fetal T and B cells.

title: Immunohistological analysis of XXXX fetal lymph nodes.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the existence and localization of monocyte chemotactic and activating factor or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ( @entity2842 / @entity2842 ) in @entity1 nasal mucosa and to verify its activity as a @entity112 -releasing factor. DESIGN: Detection of @entity2842 / @entity2842 in culture supernatants of nasal mucosa using Western blot analysis and assay of @entity112 release from basophils induced by these culture supernatants. Detection of @entity2842 / @entity2842 expression in nasal mucosa of @entity1 with @entity9590 using immunohistochemistry. @entity1 : Twenty-one @entity1 with house dust mite @entity566 , 7 nonallergic @entity1 , and 5 @entity1 with chronic inflammatory sinusitis participated in the study. All the @entity56 @entity1 had positive test results for mite @entity566 , detected by a clinical history, a nasal provocation test, and determination of specific mite IgE antibodies by a radioallergosorbent test. RESULTS: In Western blot analysis of supernatants of explant culture of @entity1 nasal mucosa, the band corresponding to approximately 13 to 15 kd was observed. This band was considered to be @entity2842 / @entity2842 . These supernatants induced @entity112 release from basophils (approximately 3%-5% in net @entity112 release), and anti- @entity2842 / @entity2842 antibody inhibited this @entity112 -releasing activity. Immunoreactivity of @entity2842 / @entity2842 was observed in the nasal submucosa but not in the epithelium. Immunoreactive cells of @entity2842 / @entity2842 were also stained with the antibody, which recognizes monocytes and macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity2842 / @entity2842 , which is produced constantly by monocytes and macrophages and is stored in @entity1 nasal mucosa, possibly participates in the protracted @entity112 release from basophils and in the pathogenesis of @entity9590 .

title: Monocyte chemotactic and activating factor/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-mediated @entity112 release from XXXX nasal mucosa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'nasal allergy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity9590 :: ('MESH:D012221', 'Disease') :: ['perennial allergic rhinitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Objective: To assess the value of single voided random (spot) urinary protein to @entity1011 ratio in accurately predicting the 24-hour urinary protein excretion in Pakistani pediatric population with @entity1985 . Design: Cross-sectional, analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: The Pediatric Department, Nishtar Hospital/ @entity1 Complex, Multan, from January 2003 to November, 2005. @entity1 and Methods: Fifty seven @entity1 between 1-18 years with @entity1985 were included. Seventy pairs of spot urine (5 milliliter) and 24-hour urine were collected in different phases of their disease e.g. initial, induction and remission. The protein to @entity1011 ratio was determined in spot urine samples and total protein content in 24-hour urine samples. The correlation between the ratio and 24-hour urinary protein excreted was determined using Pearson's coefficient (r) linear regression analysis. Results: The protein to @entity1011 ratio in a spot urine sample was significantly correlated with the 24-hour urinary protein. The correlation coefficient (least square method) was found to be significant (r=0.9444). A random (spot) urinary protein to @entity1011 ratio of greater than 2 correlated well with the massive @entity644 (i.e. @entity1985 ), between 2 to 0.2 indicated @entity8 while a ratio of less than 0.2 was suggestive of physiological values. Conclusion: The random spot urinary protein to @entity1011 ratio can reliably be used to assess the degree of @entity644 in @entity1 with @entity1985 and can replace the 24-hour urinary protein excretion/collection.

title: Simplified quantification of urinary protein excretion in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: It has recently been reported (T. Shimizu et al., J. Biol. Chem., 273: 8669-8674, 1998) that the pro-apoptotic drug, @entity9800 , an inhibitor of topoisomerase I, induces a @entity10185 -mediated phosphorylation of lamin B in HL-60 cells, which precedes both degradation of lamin B and fragmentation of DNA. In this paper, we report that, in HL-60 cells exposed to @entity9800 , there is a rapid and sustained increase of nuclear @entity10185 activity that is due to an increase in the amount of @entity10185 present in the nucleus. The enhancement of nuclear kinase C activity is preceded by an increase in the mass of nuclear @entity2366 . As demonstrated by its sensitivity to @entity1169 , the nuclear @entity2366 mass increase is due to the activation of a phospholipase D. Indeed, inhibitors of neither @entity2434 -specific phospholipase C nor phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C blocked the rise in nuclear @entity2366 . In vitro assays also demonstrated the activation of a nuclear phospholipase D, but not of a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C, after treatment with @entity9800 . @entity1169 was also able to block the rise in nuclear @entity10185 activity, thus suggesting that the increase in @entity2366 mass is important for the activation of the kinase at the nuclear level. Moreover, @entity1169 was capable of drastically reducing the number of HL-60 cells that underwent apoptosis after treatment with @entity9800 . Our results show the activation during apoptosis of a phospholipase D-mediated signaling pathway operating at the nuclear level. This pathway may represent an attractive therapeutic target for the modulation of apoptotic events in @entity1 disease.

title: The pro-apoptotic drug @entity9800 stimulates phospholipase D activity and XXXX production in the nucleus of HL-60 @entity1 promyelocytic leukemia cells.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity2366 :: ('CHEBI:41847', 'Chemical') :: ['diacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity9800 :: ('MESH:D002166', 'Chemical') :: ['camptothecin']

entities_list: @entity10185 :: ('5578', 'Gene') :: ['protein kinase C-alpha']

answer: @entity2366 :: (CHEBI:41847,Chemical) :: ['diacylglycerol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the application of transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) technique with Mason's operation in the treatment of early @entity5 . METHODS: @entity1 with early @entity5 were divided into two groups according to different surgical procedures they underwent during different period. @entity1 in Mason Group underwent Mason's operations during the period from January 2000 to March 2006; and in TEM Group were managed with TEM procedures from April 2006 to July 2011. There were 21 @entity1 in TEM Group and 26 @entity1 in Mason Group. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of @entity1 's age, gender, preoperative @entity2802 staging, and @entity5 diameter. In comparison with Mason Group, TEM Group had a longer distance of the @entity5 from the anal verge. The safety, @entity260 , @entity1 ' postoperative recovery, and the oncological outcomes of 2 groups were compared with each other. RESULTS: No perioperative @entity204 occurred in the two groups. The TEM Group had notably shorter operating time ((67    24) minutes) and lesser intra-operative @entity190 ((9    6) ml) than Mason Group (t = 3.526 and 7.078, P < 0.05). The time of the postoperative bed rest, the urinary drainage, the recovery of oral intake, and the hospital stay in TEM Group were (1.3    0.5) days, (1.2    0.4) days, (1.5    0.5) days, and (4.3    1.6) days, respectively, and all were prominently shorter than those of Mason group (t = 4.925 - 14.640, P < 0.05). @entity1 in TEM group were followed up for an average of 36.5 months with one @entity1 being lost, while @entity1 in Mason group were followed up for an average of 81.6 months. The difference between the two groups in terms of short-term accumulated survival (94.8% vs. 96.3%) showed no statistical significance (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: TEM technique is a favorable minimally invasive procedure associated with satisfactory oncological outcomes in the treatment of early @entity5 .

title: [A comparative study upon two surgical procedures of local resection of early XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To develop and test a computer biofeedback game designed to teach deep relaxation to @entity1 with a @entity66 and to assess whether relaxation can improve symptomatic episodes. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: An open, prospective, single centre study. Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Free Hospital, London. SUBJECTS: Forty @entity1 with @entity1744 refractory to conventional medical treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Development of a computer aided biofeedback apparatus directed at the gut for teaching relaxation to @entity1 with @entity1744 . The @entity1 ' ability to complete a computer game involving biofeedback modulated by a physiological loop that related changes in stress (monitored by electrodermal activity) to animated computer graphics. The degree to which deep relaxation was achieved was measured numerically by a progressive reduction in the sensitivity level of the biofeedback loop. The success of relaxation in ameliorating physical symptoms of @entity1744 was assessed by daily diaries in which global and weighted bowel symptom scores were entered. RESULTS: A computer biofeedback game based on animated gut imagery was successfully developed. Most @entity1 learned to achieve progressively deeper levels of relaxation after four 30 minute biofeedback sessions (mean difference in sensitivity level 2.0 (95% confidence interval 0.96 to 2.93), p < 0.001). Use of 'dosed' relaxation when bowel symptoms were troublesome was helpful in 50% of @entity1 . It reduced the global symptom score (mean difference 0.5 (0.02 to 0.32), p < 0.04) and the bowel symptom score (mean difference 0.8 (0.04 to 1.58), p < 0.04). At long term follow up, 64% of @entity1 who had been helped by dosed relaxation continued to use the technique, although they had had no further contact with the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: This computer biofeedback game taught deep relaxation rapidly and effectively. Half the @entity1 with @entity1744 found the technique helpful on most occasions on which it was used. Computer biofeedback games may offer a simple, inexpensive strategy for managing other stress related medical disorders.

title: Computerised biofeedback games: a new method for teaching stress management and its use in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'refractory irritable bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stress related disorder']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ) are thought to walk with high loads at the knee which are yet to be quantified using modeling techniques that account for subject specific electromyography (EMG) patterns, kinematics and kinetics. The objective was to estimate medial and lateral loading for @entity1 with knee @entity571 and controls using an approach that is sensitive to subject specific muscle activation patterns. METHODS: Sixteen @entity571 and 12 control (C) subjects walked while kinematic, kinetic and EMG data were collected. Muscle forces were calculated using an EMG-Driven model and loading was calculated by balancing the external moments with internal muscle and contact forces. RESULTS: @entity571 subjects walked slower and had greater laxity, static and dynamic varus alignment, less flexion and greater knee adduction moment (KAM). Loading [normalized to body weight (BW)] was no different between the groups but @entity571 subjects had greater absolute medial load than controls and maintained a greater %total load on the medial compartment. These patterns were associated with body mass, sagittal and frontal plane moments, static alignment and close to significance for dynamic alignment. Lateral compartment unloading during mid-late stance was observed in 50% of @entity571 subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Loading for control subjects was similar to data from instrumented prostheses. Knee @entity571 subjects had high medial contact loads in early stance and half of the @entity571 cohort demonstrated lateral compartment lift-off. Results suggest that interventions aimed at reducing BW and @entity893 might be effective in reducing medial compartment loading and establishing normal medio-lateral load sharing patterns.

title: Knee joint loading during gait in healthy controls and individuals with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['dynamic malalignment']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: We have performed intra-hepatic arterial chemotherapy for 9 @entity1 with liver @entity3 arising from @entity356 . We mainly used @entity1487 and CDDP as antineoplastic drugs. RESULTS: The median survival after gastrectomy was 600 days. Of 9 cases, 2 showed CR, 4 PR, 2 NC, 1 @entity1726 . The response rate was 67%. The 9 cases were classified into 2 groups. One group, the short-term survival group, concised of 5 @entity1 that had no more than 2 years survival and the other, the long-term survival group, consisted 4 @entity1 that had more than 2 years survival. We compared these 2 groups and found no difference in the primary lesions between the 2 groups. The @entity1 in the long-term survival group had fewer and smaller metastatic lesions in the liver than the @entity1 of the short-term survival group. The @entity1 in the long-term survival group had no unresectable lesions except liver @entity3 when gastrectomy was performed. However, 2 @entity1 in the short term survival group had unresectable lymphatic involvement at the time gastrectomy was performed. Of 9 @entity1 , 6 died from the extrahepatic lesion. CONCLUSION: The intra-arterial chemotherapy was effective and useful for liver @entity3 arising from @entity356 . However, the majority of @entity1 died from extrahepatic lesions. We should therefore consider the use of systemic chemotherapy with intra-arterial chemotherapy.

title: [Usefulness of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for liver @entity3 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: We retrospectively evaluated the ability of equations with in vivo population binding parameters of our previous study (Method 1) or an average unbound fraction of 0.25 of Pynn  nen (Method 2) to predict the unbound serum @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ) concentration in 35 serum samples from 18 adult @entity1 with @entity302 receiving polytherapy. In 9 serum samples from 6 @entity1 , the ability of equations for unbound serum @entity15058 ( @entity2050 -E) concentration prediction was also determined in predictive performance with in vivo population binding parameters of our previous study (Method A) or an average unbound fraction of 0.5 of Pynn  nen (Method B). Mean prediction error, mean absolute prediction error (MAE), and @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ) were calculated for each method, and these values served as a measure of prediction bias and precision. Method 1 shows a bias to underpredict unbound serum @entity2050 . The MAE and @entity2246 were smaller in Method 2 (MAE = 0.454 _m/L, @entity2246 = 0.597 _m/L) than Method 1 (MAE = 0.597 _m/L, @entity2246 = 0.721 _m/L). Method 2 is superior to Method 1 in accuracy and precision. The effects of antiepileptic comedications on predictive performance of Methods 1 and 2 were determined in each group of serum samples with (n = 18, Group 1) or without (n = 17, Group 2) @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) comedication. The results obtained by Method 1 show a bias to underprediction in Group 1 and no bias to over- or underprediction in Group 2. Results obtained by Method 2 show no bias to over- or underprediction in Groups 1 and 2. The effects of @entity2052 comedication on predictive performance of unbound serum @entity2050 are relatively larger in Method 1 than Method 2. There was a weak but significant positive relationship between age and unbound serum @entity2050 fraction by simple regression analysis (n = 35, r = 0.368, p = 0.0297). The determined coefficient indicated that only about 14% of variations in unbound serum @entity2050 fraction can be explained by age, however. In each of Groups 1 and 2, no significant relationship was observed between age and unbound serum @entity2050 fraction. The effects of age on predictive performance of unbound serum @entity2050 are relatively small in @entity1 receiving polytherapy. For unbound @entity2050 -E prediction, each of Methods A and B has no bias to over- or underprediction. The MAE was larger in Method B (MAE = 0.311 _m/L) than Method A (MAE = 0.233 _m/L). The differences in @entity2246 were small between Methods A ( @entity2246 = 0.349 _m/L) and B ( @entity2246 = 0.333 _m/L), however. Each of Methods A and B may have similar accuracy and precision.

title: Evaluation of unbound serum @entity2049 and XXXX concentration prediction methods in polytherapy adult @entity1 with @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity15058 :: ('MESH:C012227', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['RMSE', 'root mean squared error']

answer: @entity15058 :: (MESH:C012227,Chemical) :: ['carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide']


abstract: Classic @entity9595 is an @entity74 characterized by @entity68 overload and sequence variants in the @entity14398 gene. The @entity14398 gene is located at 6p21.3 and contains 2 common single @entity377 polymorphisms (SNPs) @entity14399 and @entity14397 , which are routinely tested for in the molecular diagnostics laboratory. In this study, we used DNA samples from 59 @entity1 in which clinicians wanted to confirm or rule-out @entity9595 that had been previously tested for the @entity14398 SNPs using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay and the ABI 7700 real time PCR assay with a MGB Eclipse ASR Probe system. The new assay used TAQman SNP Genotyping Assays, which were performed on the ABI 7500 FAST real time PCR platform. Allelic discrimination was determined during a postamplification plate read. Of the 59 samples genotyped, 7 were homozygous for @entity14399 , 6 were heterozygous for @entity14399 , 9 were homozygous for @entity14397 , 10 were heterozygous for @entity14397 , 6 were compound heterozygotes, and 20 were wild type. With the exception of one sample that was indeterminate by the TAQman SNP Genotyping Assay, all others showed 100% concordance between the 3 assays. The one indeterminate sample was heterozygous for @entity14399 by the PCR-RFLP and ABI 7700 real time PCR assays, but there was an insufficient quantity of DNA to perform the TAQman SNP Genotyping Assay. Our study suggests that the ABI 7500 FAST TAQman SNP Genotyping Assay is comparable with the PCR-RFLP and ABI 7700 real time PCR methods in detecting and characterizing these 2 @entity14398 SNPs. Improved software and thermocycling capabilities have resulted in a very robust TAQman assay with the advantage of a much improved turn-around-time and throughput.

title: Detection of the @entity14399 and @entity14397 polymorphisms associated with XXXX using the ABI 7500 fast real time PCR platform.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disorder']

entities_list: @entity14397 :: ('p|SUB|H|63|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['H63D']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary hemochromatosis']

answer: @entity9595 :: (MESH:D006432,Disease) :: ['hereditary hemochromatosis']


abstract: AIM: To determine whether the seemingly high rate of local recurrence after @entity14 surgery in the presence of liver metastases results from factors related to the surgical excision of the @entity5 or greater biological @entity5 . METHODS: A retrospective study comparing local recurrence rates and surgical and pathological variables noted in operation and pathology reports was undertaken in 65 @entity1 being treated for synchronous liver metastases (Group 1), and 42 @entity1 being treated for metachronous liver metastases (Group 2). RESULTS: Local recurrence occurred in 15.4% of those from Group 1 and 9.5% of those from Group 2 (p=0.38). The local recurrence after @entity5 excision in the two groups was 27.3% and 12.5% respectively (p=0.28). Although not significantly different, the rates in Group 1 (in particular) seem undesirably high. There was no significant difference in resected specimens between the groups in respect of length of bowel removed, numbers of lymph nodes removed, or involved surgical margins. Neither was there any significant difference between the @entity5 grade, stage, or venous invasion. Considerable variation was noted between pathology reports in respect of 13 variables thought to be important in such reports. Under-reporting was especially evident in respect of numbers of lymph nodes, venous invasion, and the measurement of the radial resection margin of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Although a high local recurrence rate was found in Group 1 in particular, there is no evidence that this relates to the extent of resection at the time of @entity5 removal. Neither is there clear evidence for greater biological @entity146 based on light microscopy features. Deficiencies in, and considerable variation in the quality of, pathological reporting was noted, thus diminished the ability of the study to deliver firm conclusions.

title: Local recurrence in XXXX with synchronous or metachronous colorectal liver metastases--is there a difference?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal tumours', 'primary tumour', 'aggressiveness of the tumour', 'rectal cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Fifty-six consecutive @entity1 with @entity5 of the @entity24338 were treated with combined chemoradiotherapy (CRT). No @entity1 had been previously treated. There were 44 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 , with an age range of 25 to 88 years (median, 62 years). @entity5 was located at the anal verge in five and at the anal canal in 51 @entity1 . The @entity5 extended from the canal to adjacent sites in 37 cases. All @entity1 had their @entity5 histologically assessed: 54 were squamous cell and two were @entity189 . Twelve @entity1 had T1, 27 had T2, and 17 had T3 primaries, and eight had inguinal metastatic nodes. The protocol treatment consisted of three cycles of @entity1487 (FU) (750 mg/m2/day x 5 days continuous infusion) and @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) (15 mg/m2 intravenous (I.V.) bolus on day 1 of each course) given every 6 weeks. Radiotherapy (RT) was started simultaneously: 36 Gy was given in 4 weeks to the anal region with perineum and the lower and middle pelvis, including inguinal and external iliac nodes. After 2 weeks of rest, a boost of 18 Gy was delivered to the anoperineal region in 10 fractions. Because of @entity137 , the planned treatment was performed in 50% of @entity1 : 28 @entity1 received less than three cycles of chemotherapy, and seven @entity1 received less than 49 Gy radiation therapy. @entity137 were mild to moderate, and no @entity1 needed hospitalization. A complete response (CR) was observed in 49 @entity1 (87%), eight of whom had metastatic nodes. A partial response (PR) was assessed in five @entity1 (9%) and stable and progressive disease in 2 @entity1 (4%). Objective response (OR) had no evident relationship with extent of primary, presence of metastatic nodes, number of cycles of chemotherapy, and doses of radiotherapy. Of 49 @entity1 who achieved CR, 12 (24%) developed a local recurrence after a median interval of 8 months (range, 2 to 45 months); 11 of them were submitted to surgical rescue and 8 are alive without evidence of disease. Local recurrence was correlated with the main characteristics of @entity1 and @entity5 and with treatment, but no clear correlation was observed. Actuarial survival rate at 5 years was 81%. Results of present study are compared with those reported by others, and crucial questions concerning combined chemoradiationtherapy are discussed. The authors conclude that chemoradiotherapy is a highly effective treatment of @entity5 , which should be employed as primary approach regardless of different characteristics of @entity1 and @entity5 .

title: Combined chemoradiation therapy for XXXX . A report of 56 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'anal cancer', 'primary epidermoid cancer', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['basaloid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['anal cancer']


abstract: The effect of hormonal stimulation with FSH injection in the doses of 18 mg (360 IU) and 24 mg (480 IU FSH) on the levels of plasma @entity2661 ( @entity935 , @entity1063 and @entity1425 ) was studied by radioenzymatic methods during synchronized oestrous cycles of the @entity742 . @entity2661 were determined in the blood plasma before and 24, 48, 96 and 120 hours after application of FSH. It follows from the results that the levels of plasma @entity935 increased significantly (p<0.001) 24 and 48 hours after FSH application. Furthermore, the levels of @entity935 (DA) during the other time intervals observed, compared with those of controls before hormonal stimulation, remained at a higher level. A lower dose of the hormone (18 mg) had a more pronounced effect on changes in the levels of plasma @entity935 . @entity1063 (NE) did not exhibit any significant changes in comparison with the plasma levels of @entity935 in the @entity742 after hormonal stimulation with FSH. A statistically significant increase in plasma @entity1063 was recorded 24 hours after administration of 18 or 24 mg FSH. During the other time intervals observed, its levels did not differ from the control values. Plasma @entity1425 (E) showed a significant increase 24 and 48 hours after FSH application but not later. The effect of FSH on plasma @entity2922 levels was not dose-dependent and their increase was pronounced especially in the period of ovulation.

title: The effect of hormonal superovulatory preparation FSH on the levels of XXXX in the blood plasma of @entity742 .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines', 'Catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Norepinephrine', 'norepinephrine']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['catecholamines']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate whether fluid therapy with a goal of near-maximal @entity64 volume (SV) guided by oesophageal Doppler (ED) monitoring result in a better outcome than that with a goal of maintaining bodyweight (BW) and zero fluid balance in @entity1 undergoing colorectal surgery. METHODS: In a double-blinded clinical multicentre trial, 150 @entity1 undergoing elective colorectal surgery were randomized to receive fluid therapy after either the goal of near-maximal SV guided by ED (Doppler, D group) or the goal of zero balance and normal BW (Zero balance, Z group). Stratification for laparoscopic and open surgery was performed. The postoperative fluid therapy was similar in the two groups. The primary endpoint was @entity260 defined and divided into subgroups by protocol. Analysis was performed by intention-to-treat. The follow-up was 30 days. The trial had 85% power to show a difference between the groups. RESULTS: The number of @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic or open surgery and the @entity1 characteristics were similar between the groups. No significant differences between the groups were found for overall, major, minor, cardiopulmonary, or tissue-healing complications (P-values: 0.79; 0.62; 0.97; 0.48; and 0.48, respectively). One @entity1 died in each group. No significant difference was found for the length of hospital stay [median (range) Z: 5.00 (1-61) vs D: 5.00 (2-41); P=0.206]. CONCLUSIONS: Goal-directed fluid therapy to near-maximal SV guided by ED adds no extra value to the fluid therapy using zero balance and normal BW in @entity1 undergoing elective colorectal surgery.

title: Which goal for fluid therapy during colorectal surgery is followed by the best outcome: near-maximal XXXX volume or zero fluid balance?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether and to what extent @entity3724 (F), @entity2449 (M) or a combination of these drugs improve characteristics of the @entity209 ( @entity209 ). METHODS: @entity209 was defined as the presence of >/=3 National @entity165 Education Programme criteria, including >/=2 biochemical abnormalities. @entity1 with @entity209 were randomized to receive one of seven treatments twice daily for three months: F 80 mg + M 850 mg, F 80 mg + M 500 mg, F 40 mg + M 850 mg, F 40 mg + M 500 mg, F 80 mg + placebo, M 850 mg + placebo or placebo. 'Normalized' was defined as not having @entity209 biochemical abnormalities at the 3-month treatment period. A total of 681 @entity1 were analysed (mean age 56 years, 59% @entity1 , mean body mass index 31.6 and 33.3 in male and female @entity1 respectively). RESULTS: High dose combination therapy led to normalization of biochemical parameters in 17.4% of @entity1 , whereas only 5.8% of @entity1 during F (p = 0.009) and 5.0% during M monotherapy (p = 0.005) exhibited normal biochemical values. Accordingly, F 80 mg + M 850 mg twice daily was most effective for normalizing @entity1674 (55.0%), high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (35.0%) and fasting @entity413 (39.4%). All the treatments were well tolerated, with comparable adverse-event rates between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity3724 and @entity2449 in combination led to normalization of biochemical abnormalities associated with the @entity209 more effectively compared with either therapy alone, without additional adverse effects. These data imply that high-dose combination therapy may offer additional therapeutic benefit particularly in @entity1 with @entity209 .

title: Normalization of @entity209 using @entity3724 , XXXX or their combination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3724 :: ('MESH:D011345', 'Chemical') :: ['fenofibrate']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['metformin']


abstract: @entity884 is a life-threatening disease that should be diagnosed based on Duke's criteria as early as possible. A positive blood culture and echocardiographic findings, particularly those of a transesophageal echocardiogram, play a pivotal role in the process of confirming a diagnosis. Medical treatment using appropriate antibiotics against the identified microorganism is of primary importance, although @entity884 is often accompanied by @entity532 and must be converted to surgery. The timing of surgery for @entity1 with @entity1504 is crucial but still controversial because the usage of heparin for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may cause the complications to deteriorate. We demonstrated that a novel CPB strategy with nafamostat @entity18652 as an anticoagulant may be potentially safe and useful in preventing deterioration of recent @entity932 . Destructive @entity886 causes the development of left ventricular-aortic discontinuity. In the past 8 years, 9 @entity1 with left ventricular-aortic discontinuity underwent aortic root replacement in our institution. Radical debridement of the aortic root abscess was performed in all cases, followed by aortic root replacement with a pulmonary autograft (Ross procedure) or a stentless aortic root xenograft. No mortality was observed during hospitalization and follow-up. Freedom from major adverse cardiac events was noted in 67% of the @entity1 at 5 years.

title: [Surgery for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['intracardiac or extracardiac complications']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['brain complications']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['Infective endocarditis', 'infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity886 :: (MESH:C563178,Disease) :: ['aortic valve endocarditis']


abstract: @entity565 is now agreed as being a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. Inhaled @entity230 are widely accepted as a preventive medication in @entity748 @entity1 of all ages and severity. However, the optimal use of inhaled @entity230 and the important issue of safety and efficacy still remain of concern, particularly in @entity1 . Recently, @entity5023 (FP) has been developed for use as an inhaled preparation for the treatment of @entity565 . Because of its high topical potency and increased lipophilicity, it is claimed that FP has an improved risk/benefit compared with other inhaled @entity230 . In order to evaluate the use of FP in @entity1 , we have studied the efficacy of high dose FP (500 microg/day) in @entity748 @entity1 . Thirteen @entity1 (9 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 ), aged 7-17 years (10.8 +/- 2.6), were instructed to use a pressurized metered-dose inhaler connected to a Volumetric spacer. The standard @entity2710 bronchial challenge test was used as a principal outcome parameter. The PD20, a cumulative dose of @entity2710 inducing a 20% decrease in FEV1, was measured pre- and post-treatment with inhaled FP. After 4 weeks of FP, PD20 significantly increased from 21.6 +/- 14.3 inhalation unit to 106.6 +/- 78.5 inhalation unit (4.9 fold, p = 0.004) reflecting the improvement of airway reactivity. All subjects improved clinically. These results demonstrate that the anti-inflammatory action of FP 500 microg a day for four weeks can markedly reduce @entity2488 , the basic physiologic abnormality in @entity565 .

title: XXXX and @entity2488 in @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchial asthma', 'asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate']

answer: @entity5023 :: (MESH:C065382,Chemical) :: ['Fluticasone propionate']


abstract: Serum levels of @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ), @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) and @entity2772 ( @entity2772 ) as well as neutrophil counts were studied on the first, second and fifth days after birth, in order to elucidate the relations between neutrophil kinetics and these hematopoietic factors. The @entity1261 and @entity2841 receptors on neutrophils were also investigated in 16 healthy newborns. @entity1261 and @entity2841 receptor-positive neutrophil percentages were not different from those in the peripheral blood of adult controls. The receptor densities, assessed by mean fluorescence channel number, were also similar in newborn and adult neutrophils. The mean serum concentrations of @entity1261 were high (191 pg/ml) on the first day of life and gradually decreased on the second (128 pg/ml) and fifth (112 pg/ml) days. A statistically significant correlation (p < 0.05) was found between @entity1261 levels and absolute neutrophil counts (ANC). Furthermore, the percentage of decrease in @entity1261 levels correlated significantly with the percentage of decrease in ANC (p < 0.001). @entity2841 levels were also high, though less striking, on the first day of life (9.5 pg/ml), remained at high levels on the second (10 pg/ml), and gradually decreased on the fifth (8.8 pg/ml) day. @entity2772 levels were high (110 pg/ml) on the first day of life and remained at high levels on the second (138 pg/ml) and fifth (138 pg/ml) days. We found that the @entity2772 , @entity2841 and @entity1261 levels were elevated during the first week of postnatal life. Our findings suggest that significant changes in the levels of the growth factors are likely to be the cause of significant leukocyte blood picture changes during the first week of life. We found normal @entity2841 and @entity1261 receptors in uninfected newborns.

title: Granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors, their receptors and XXXX levels in newborns.

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

answer: @entity2772 :: (3562,Gene) :: ['interleukin-3']


abstract: One step in a public health research project focuses on the analysis of the individual (expert-based) normative needs for mental health care of chronic @entity161 @entity1 (n = 115) in the Dresden Region during the first year post hospital release and the extent to which this can be met by the current established level of complementary care. It is an exemplary contribution to the evaluation of community psychiatry as restructured in the Free State of Saxony following German reunification. The results of the study can be condensed to the following interpreting essential statements. Schizophrenics' normative needs for care are not a statistical issue. The single case analysis corroborates a high rate of relevant fluctuations, above all within the clinical sector (e.g. concerning " @entity910 and other side effects"), that pose a particular challenge to the flexibility of a system of community psychiatry. This includes that the consequence for the practice of care implies then that when diagnosing course, attention must be paid to shifts in the content of the needs for mental health care (e.g. increasing importance of factors, which contain @entity73 ) in order to orient to them any health care measures already initiated.--With the aid of the used research instrument (Needs for Care Assessment) deficits in meeting the needs for care can be identified. In the Dresden Region considerable deficits persist apparently in the subsections recreational activities and occupational and communication skills, which can be ascribed to the lack of appropriate institutions of care in the area.--The normative needs for care of @entity161 @entity1 cannot be determined simply on the basis of a few, quickly identifiable markers. Rather it demands individualized analysis incorporating variables pertaining to psychopathology, subjective @entity4670 . The development of the needs for care over the period of one year can apparently be predicted by trends in the social sector that are already visible within the first months. With regard to aspects of care planning this finding illustrates the limited ability of cross-section surveys to make definitive statements, as well as the predominance of social disabilities over the entire spectrum of the normative needs for @entity146 care.

title: [Normative needs for care of schizophrenics: a useful concept for community XXXX planning?].

entities_list: @entity4670 :: ('MESH:D009358', 'Disease') :: ['coping, social competence and the course of the disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairments of basic social competences']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The endocannabinoid system (EC) has emerged as a crucial mediator in a variety of pathophysiological conditions. AIMS: To evaluate: (1) whether the EC system is activated in the livers of @entity1 with @entity2835 ( @entity2835 ); (2) if genetic variations in @entity1 EC receptor genes ( @entity6510 and @entity12332 ) may be associated with a different phenotypic expression of the disease and response to therapy. METHODS: The expression of @entity6510 and @entity12332 receptors was studied by immunohistochemistry in liver biopsy specimens from 13 @entity1 with @entity2835 , and @entity6510 and @entity12332 mRNA expression was studied by real-time polymerase chain reaction testing (RT-PCR) in liver samples. In addition, genetic polymorphisms in the EC receptor gene were sought in 68 @entity1 with @entity2835 from Italy, 84 @entity1 who were residents of the United States (US), and 70 controls matched for sex, age, and for geographical area with the Italian @entity2835 @entity1 . Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral venous blood leucocytes with standard methods. PCR was used to amplify the coding regions of the @entity6510 and @entity12332 genes with specific primers. RESULTS: @entity6510 was markedly expressed in hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells in the livers of @entity1 with @entity2835 ; conversely in control liver samples, it was virtually absent. @entity12332 was expressed in hepatocytes and in cholangiocytes, whereas it was absent from mesenchymal cells. The mRNA of both @entity6510 and @entity12332 was detected in the @entity2835 liver samples, as demonstrated by RT-PCR. The @entity6510 polymorphism ( @entity34405 ) was present in 26.5% of Italian @entity1 , in 22.9% of healthy controls, and in 27.4% of @entity1 from the US (p = n.s.). The @entity12332 polymorphism ( @entity56472 ) was present in 24.4 versus 30.4% of Italian and US @entity1 with @entity2835 , respectively, and in 28.0% of Italian controls samples (p = n.s.). Logistic regression analysis showed that advanced histological stage and the lack of response to @entity10055 treatment were significantly correlated with the @entity6510 polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS: The EC system is markedly up-regulated in the livers of @entity1 with @entity2835 and it may exert a role regulating adaptive mechanisms in @entity1448 .

title: Hepatic expression of endocannabinoid receptors and their novel polymorphisms in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['PBC', 'primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity10055 :: ('MESH:D014580', 'Chemical') :: ['ursodeoxycholic acid']

answer: @entity2835 :: (MESH:D008105,Disease) :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']


abstract: Primary infiltrating @entity513 (IDCs) of the breast which measure less than 0.5 cm ( @entity13712 lesions) and between 0.5 and 1.0 cm (T1b lesions) are associated with a small risk of nodal @entity3 . The role of axillary dissection in @entity13712 and T1b @entity0 is controversial. In the absence of axillary dissection, comparable prognostic information might be obtained by examination of the primary @entity5 . The adhesion molecule @entity1759 represents a family of transmembrane proteins that mediate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Previous investigators have correlated expression of @entity1759 and its isoforms with prognosis in @entity0 . We investigated the value of @entity1759 isoform expression as a predictor of nodal metastases in nonpalpable @entity13712 and T1b @entity513 . Monoclonal antibody against the standard form of @entity1759 ( @entity1759 ) and polyclonal antibody directed against the variant isoform (CD44v6) was tested on 34 cases of nonpalpable node-negative @entity513 ( @entity513 ) less than 1.0 cm and 9 cases of nonpalpable node-positive @entity513 less than 1.0 cm. The expression of @entity1759 s was significantly decreased in node-positive @entity13712 and T1b @entity513 versus node-negative @entity13712 and T1b @entity513 (11% vs 65%). In contrast, 97% of the node-negative @entity513 and 100% of the node-positive @entity513 expressed the CD44v6 isoform. We conclude that @entity1759 s expression is significantly altered in @entity13712 and T1b @entity513 with nodal metastases but that the CD44v6 isoform does not correlate with nodal metastases in nonpalpable stage @entity13712 and T1b @entity513 .

title: Role of @entity1759 in nonpalpable @entity13712 and T1b XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinomas', 'infiltrating ductal carcinoma', 'IDC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the medical care received by @entity1 following discharge from hospital after @entity583 ( @entity583 ). SETTING AND DESIGN: Community-based cross-sectional survey. @entity1 : 2836 consecutive @entity1 aged 25-64 years living in the Perth Statistical Division who were admitted to hospital with @entity583 during 1984-1988. After one reminder the response rate was 71%. RESULTS: Half of all respondents were in full-time employment at the time of their @entity583 . At follow-up this had fallen to a third. Over 80% of @entity1 visited a cardiologist after @entity583 , with half remaining under consultant care to the time of survey. However, one in five @entity1 reported no follow-up care at the time of survey. Seventy-three per cent of @entity1 reported undergoing at least one exercise stress test after @entity583 , with 61% undergoing angiography, 16% angioplasty and 24% coronary bypass surgery. Large proportions of the @entity1 accurately reported being prescribed beta-blockers and antiplatelet agents. The pattern of prescribing at discharge corresponded closely with the use of cardioactive agents at the time of survey and with drugs reported to have been taken continuously since discharge to the time of survey. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that follow-up care after @entity583 is both comprehensive and widespread. Such care may have contributed significantly to the overall decline in mortality from @entity299 .

title: Follow-up care after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of stent placement in treating @entity99 after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). METHODS: From November 2003 to September 2005, 14 @entity1 who had @entity99 after OLT underwent stent placement in their narrowed hepatic arteries. This included early interventional treatment in 10 @entity1 and delayed interventional treatment in 4 @entity1 . The technical results, clinical outcomes, and the hepatic artery patencies were reviewed. RESULTS: Technical and immediate success was 100%. After a mean follow-up of 146 days (range, 9-345 days), all @entity1 ' hepatic arteries were patent, except that hepatic arterious @entity256 occurred in 2 @entity1 at 26 and 45 days after the stent placement. Of the 10 @entity1 who received early treatment, 8 survived with normal results of liver function test and 2 @entity1 died of septic multiple-organ failure at 9 and 30 days after the stent procedure. One @entity1 received a retransplantation because of @entity281 . Of the 4 @entity1 who received a delayed interventional treatment, 1 @entity1 survived for 345 days but with abnormal liver functional test results, the other 3 @entity1 died of septic multiple-organ failure resulting from @entity5572 . CONCLUSION: @entity99 after OLT can successfully be treated with stent placement and an early interventional treatment is the key for a good clinical outcome.

title: [Stent placement in treating XXXX after liver transplantation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscesses biliary infection']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['refractory biliary infection']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic artery stenosis', 'hepatic artery stenosis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic artery stenosis']


abstract: Our previous work has shown that the major genes involved in the expression of the extended-longevity phenotype are located on the third chromosome. Furthermore, their expression is negatively and positively influenced by chromosomes 2 and 1, respectively. In this report we show that the expression of the extended-longevity phenotype is dependent on the larval environment. A controlled chromosome substitution experiment was carried out using a strain selected for long life (L) and its parent (R) strain. Twenty different combinations of the three major chromosomes were conducted and their longevities were determined under both high ( @entity2033 ) and low (LD) larval density conditions. The extended-longevity phenotype was only expressed under @entity2033 conditions. The chromosome interactions were not apparent under LD conditions. Density-shift experiments delineate a critical period for expression of the extended-longevity phenotype, extending from 60 h after egg laying (AEL) to 96 h AEL, during which the developing animal must be exposed to @entity2033 conditions if the extended-longevity phenotype is to be expressed. The change from @entity2033 to LD conditions is accompanied by statistically significant increases in body weight. The possible role of a dietary restriction phenomenon is examined and the implications of these findings discussed. It is now apparent, however, that the extended-longevity phenotype in @entity238 is a developmental genetic process.

title: Larval regulation of adult longevity in a genetically-selected long-lived strain of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: The @entity1184 @entity1386 (WAT) during @entity1 @entity28 produces inflammatory mediators, including cytokines ( @entity650 and @entity310 ) and chemokines ([C-C motif] chemokine ligand 2 and @entity687 ). These inflammatory factors are preferentially produced by the nonadipose cells, particularly the adipose tissue infiltrating macrophages. We identified the @entity10149 ( @entity10149 ) by a transcriptomic approach. Because @entity10149 could represent a WAT-produced chemokine, we explored its role in @entity28 -associated @entity32 . @entity10149 levels in serum and mRNA in WAT were higher in @entity28 subjects compared with lean ones. @entity10149 secretions were higher in sc and visceral (vis) WAT from @entity28 compared with lean subjects. In vis WAT, @entity10149 mRNA expression was higher in macrophages compared with other WAT cells and positively correlated with the inflammatory macrophage markers @entity310 and @entity650 . @entity10149 triggered the in vitro adhesion of the neutrophils, its selective cell targets, to endothelial cells (ECs) of vis WAT (vis WAT-ECs). Immunohistological analysis indicated that activated neutrophils were adherent to the endothelium of vis WAT from @entity1 @entity28 subjects. Blood neutrophils from @entity28 subjects released high levels of proinflammatory mediators ( @entity687 , chemokine motif ligand 2 [ @entity2842 ], matrix metalloproteinase [MMP] 9, and @entity3335 [MPO]). Visceral WAT-ECs, treated by neutrophil-conditioned media prepared from @entity28 subjects, displayed an increase of the expression of inflammatory molecules associated with senescence and angiogenic capacities. To conclude, @entity10149 , a WAT-produced chemokine being up-regulated in @entity28 , stimulates neutrophil adhesion to vis WAT-ECs. Activated neutrophils in @entity28 may influence vis WAT-ECs functions and contribute to @entity32 .

title: Roles of chemokine ligand-2 ( @entity10149 ) and neutrophils in influencing endothelial cell function and XXXX of @entity1 adipose tissue.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['WAT inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophied']

entities_list: @entity10149 :: ('2920', 'Gene') :: ['CXCL2', 'chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['white adipose tissue']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: We developed a noninvasive method to evaluate bone structural integrity. It is based on the measurement of the dynamic characteristics of the bone using sweeping sound excitation in the range of acoustic frequencies. The Quality Factor (a measure of material damping) has been used as an indicator of the tendency of the bone to @entity174 . Results of animal studies have supported this hypothesis since linear correlations were observed between bone density, quality factor, and impact strength. A vibration excitation in the form of an acoustic sweep signal is applied to a bone to measure the quality factor. @entity35 bones were tested, obtained from animals with @entity170 age-dependent (tested in vitro) or ovariectomy-induced (tested in vivo), and compared with bones of healthy (control) @entity35 . The change in damping was, on average, equal or greater to the change in density. Moreover, excellent correlation of the quality factor was obtained with bone @entity174 energy measured with an impact test. During a vibration cycle, the changing strain results in temperature changes due to the reciprocity of temperature and strain. Nonreversible conduction of heat due to the unequal temperature change results in entropy production that is enhanced due to the stress concentration about the voids associated with bone porosity. Damping is a measure of the production of entropy. Its measure, the quality factor, represents a potentially useful tool for monitoring bone integrity, which is deteriorating in diseases characterized by disruption of the trabecular architecture, such as @entity170 . A computational model yielded results that are in good correlation with the experimental results.

title: Low-frequency acoustic sweep monitoring of bone integrity and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the effects of @entity12579 (ANP) on constriction and relaxation of pulmonary artery and aorta in @entity5694 @entity35 in vitro. METHODS: 24 male SD @entity35 were randomly divided into 3 groups, control group, @entity558 group, ANP therapy group. These groups were injected physiologic salt water, lipopolysaccharide ( @entity558 2 mg/kg) and @entity558 + ANP( @entity558 2 mg/kg, ANP 2 microg/kg) into vein respectively. After 4 hours, @entity35 were exsanguinated to kill and aorta and pulmonary artery were separated from heart-lung for experiment of blood vessel rings. Constriction effects of aorta and pulmonary artery by @entity1063 (NE), relaxation of aorta and pulmonary artery by @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) and @entity1854 SNP) observed by perfusion system in vitro. RESULTS: Sensitiveness of NE-induced (10(-9)-10(-7) mol/L) constriction of aorta in @entity558 group was attenuated and EC50 was increased, but its strength (3 x 10(-7)-10(-6) mol/L) was greater comparing with control group (P < 0.01). In ANP group, the NE-induced contractility of aorta was similar to @entity558 group (P > 0.05). Comparing with control group, NE-induced @entity358 exposure to @entity558 was reinforced especially in 3 x 10(-7)-10(-6) mol/L of NE (P < 0.01), but its EC50 was obviously higher (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between ANP group and control group in @entity358 (P > 0.05). Relaxation and sensitiveness of aorta and pulmonary artery exposure to @entity558 were evidently improved in ANP therapy group induced by @entity1617 and SNP respectively (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) and their EC50 markedly decreased comparing with @entity558 group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) respectively. CONCLUSION: ANP can suppress the reinforcing of NE-induced @entity358 exposure to @entity558 and partly or entirely reverse the attenuated relaxation of pulmonary artery and aorta induced by @entity1617 and SNP in @entity5694 @entity35 .

title: [Pulmonary artery in XXXX @entity35 . Effects of @entity12579 on relaxation and constriction of aorta and pulmonary artery in @entity5694 @entity35 ].

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity12579 :: ('24602(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['atrial natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['constriction of pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity5694 :: (MESH:D019446,Disease) :: ['endotoxemia']


abstract: The objective of this study was to compare two methods of @entity1031 prophylaxis: @entity2850 ( @entity2850 ) vs. @entity2850 with subcutaneous low-dose unfractionated heparin (UH). A retrospective cohort study was conducted of 168 @entity1 who had undergone surgery for suspected gynecological @entity5 . These @entity1 were examined for associated risk factors, method of prophylaxis, and incidence of clinically significant @entity1031 . Of these @entity1 , 94 (56%) received perioperative and postoperative @entity2850 , while 74 (44%) received both @entity2850 and subcutaneous low-dose UH. The postoperative course of these @entity1 , while in the hospital and after discharge, was followed for clinically evident @entity1031 complications. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. The two groups were comparable in terms of most risk factors, including age, stage, height, weight, body surface area, estimated @entity190 , total anesthesia time, and @entity66 . Six of 94 @entity1 (6.4%) in the @entity2850 group suffered from @entity1211 , while four of 74 @entity1 (5.4%) who received both @entity2850 and low-dose UH had a @entity1031 event (chi2 P = 0.79). There was no difference in postoperative changes in platelet counts between the two groups. Heparin added additional cost, 105 extra minutes of nursing time per @entity1 per admission, and additional @entity158 for the @entity1 . In conclusion, the addition of subcutaneous low-dose unfractionated heparin to @entity2850 for prophylaxis against @entity1150 in @entity1 undergoing surgery for gynecologic @entity5 does not improve the outcome. Adding heparin was more expensive, time consuming, and @entity158 . Heparin should not be used with @entity2850 unless an additional benefit can be demonstrated in a randomized controlled trial.

title: A comparison of XXXX prophylaxis in gynecologic oncology @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['SCDs', 'sequential compression devices alone']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic', 'thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolic']


abstract: @entity5538 -methylation changes are stable and thought to be among the earliest events in tumorigenesis. Theoretically, DNA carrying @entity5 -specifying methylation patterns escape the @entity5 and may be found circulating in the sera from @entity5 @entity1 , thus providing the basis for development of noninvasive clinical tests for early @entity5 detection. Indeed, using methylation-specific PCR-based techniques, several groups reported the detection of @entity5 -associated methylated DNA in the sera from @entity5 @entity1 with varying clinical success. However, by design, such analytical approaches allow assessment of the presence of molecules with only one methylation pattern, leaving the bigger picture unexplored. The limited knowledge about circulating DNA methylation patterns hinders the efficient development of clinical methylation tests and testing platforms. Here, we report the results of a comprehensive methylation pattern analysis from @entity0 clinical tissues and sera obtained using massively parallel @entity6764 pyrosequencing. The four loci studied were recently discovered by our group, and demonstrated to be powerful epigenetic biomarkers of @entity0 . The detailed analysis of more than 700,000 DNA fragments derived from more than 50 individuals ( @entity5 and @entity5 -free) revealed an unappreciated complexity of genomic @entity5538 -methylation patterns in both tissue derived and circulating DNAs. Both @entity5 and @entity5 -free tissues (as well as sera) contained molecules with nearly every conceivable @entity5538 -methylation pattern at each locus. @entity5 samples displayed more variation in methylation level than normal samples. Importantly, by establishing the methylation landscape within circulating DNA, this study has better defined the development challenges facing DNA methylation-based @entity5 -detection tests.

title: Massively parallel @entity6764 pyrosequencing reveals the molecular complexity of XXXX -associated @entity5538 -methylation patterns obtained from tissue and serum DNA.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity6764 :: ('CHEBI:17137', 'Chemical') :: ['bisulphite']

entities_list: @entity5538 :: ('MESH:D003596', 'Chemical') :: ['Cytosine', 'cytosine']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of varying forage particle length on chewing activity, sorting behavior, rumen pH and rumen fill in late lactation and dry dairy @entity291 , fed rations with similar physically effective NDF but different mean particle length. Treatments consisted of three diets differing only in geometric mean length of forage: hay (5.40, 8.96 and 77.90 mm, for short (S), medium (M) and long (L) diets, respectively) for Experiment 1 (E1), and straw (10.16, 24.68 and 80.37 mm) for S, M and L diets, respectively, for Experiment 2 (E2). Hay or straw comprised the sole source of forage (50% and 75% of ration @entity62 ( @entity62 ) for @entity19098 , respectively). Both experiments used three rumen cannulated Holstein dairy @entity291 , in late lactation for E1 and dry in E2, with 3   3 Latin square designs with 14 day periods. In E1, @entity62 intake ( @entity9956 ; 18.3    2.1 kg/day; mean    s.e.), pH (6.4    0.1), time spent eating (280    22.5 min/day), time spent ruminating (487    17 min/day), and total time spent chewing (767    34 min/day) were not different, whereas eating minutes per kilogram of @entity9956 and NDF intake (NDFI) tended to increase linearly as forage length increased. Rumen digesta volume (l; 113.3 S, 117.8 M and 114.4 L    17.1) had a quadratic response, and rumen digesta weight tended to respond quadratically; however, differences were numerically small. In E2, @entity9956 (8.3    1.3 kg/day), pH (6.7    0.1), time spent eating (236    23.5 min/day), time spent ruminating (468    45.2 min/day), total time spent chewing (704    67.7 min/day) and minutes per kilogram NDFI were not different, whereas minutes per kilogram of @entity9956 had a trend for a quadratic effect. Rumen digesta volume (111    18.8 l) and weight (103    17.4 kg) were not different. In both experiments, @entity291 sorted against longer particles as determined by a particle length selection index; this behavior increased linearly as particle length increased. Greater forage particle length increased sorting behavior, but had no effect on rumen fermentation or chewing behavior.

title: Effect of forage particle length on rumen fermentation, sorting and chewing activity of late-lactation and non-lactating dairy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dry matter']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']