abstract: @entity460 channels have been suggested to play a major role in the initiation of a large number of signal transduction processes in higher plant cells. However, molecular components of higher plant @entity141 channels remain unidentified to date. @entity460 channel blockers of the @entity945 family and bepridil specifically inhibit @entity141 influx into @entity10786 ( @entity10786 .) cells. By using a @entity945 azido derivative, a 75-kDa @entity10786 membrane protein has been previously identified. Here we have partially purified this @entity141 channel blocker-binding protein by lectin-affinity and ion-exchange chromatographies. The protein fraction containing the 75-kDa binding protein was incorporated into giant liposomes. Single-channel patch-clamp studies on these proteoliposomes showed the presence of @entity141 -permeable channel currents. These @entity141 -permeable channels were not stable. Recordings after durations of 2-10 min showed the appearance of nonselective ion channels with a permeability to @entity460 and @entity2865 ions. These nonselective @entity141 -permeable ion channels, in contrast, were stable and were recorded for extended durations. The addition of the @entity141 channel-blocker bepridil (10 M) led to the inhibition of these nonselective @entity141 -permeable channels by reducing the probability of channel opening. These results suggest that the 75-kDa @entity141 channel blocker-binding protein from @entity10786 cells plays a role in channel sensitivity to @entity141 channel inhibitors and may constitute one of the components of @entity141 channels in higher plants.

title: Solubilized proteins from @entity10786 ( XXXX .) membranes bind @entity460 channel blockers and form @entity460 -permeable ion channels.

entities_list: @entity945 :: ('CHEBI:60977', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalkylamine']

entities_list: @entity10786 :: ('4039', 'Species') :: ['carrot', 'Daucus carota L']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity10786 :: (4039,Species) :: ['Daucus carota L']


abstract: Recent studies have identified a region in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVMM) of @entity35 that appears to be involved in cardiovascular function. Since these studies used either microinjection of @entity3303 or electrical stimulation, the exact contribution of intrinsic neurons as opposed to fibers of passage could not be determined. The present study was performed to map the location of neurons in RVMM from which changes in mean arterial pressure could be elicited by the microinjection of the excitatory @entity535 analogue @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) (20 ng/50 nl), which selectively activates cell bodies in barbiturate-anesthetized @entity35 . Microinjection of @entity143 into RVMM most often (53%) elicited pressor responses (31 +/- 7 mm Hg). On the basis of these responses, RVMM was determined to encompass a large portion of the nucleus gigantocellularis 0.5-1.5 mm lateral to the midline, 0.5-3.5 mm above the ventral surface, and extending from the rostral to the caudal pole of the facial nucleus. Depressor responses (-21 +/- 3 mm Hg) were found at all levels of RVMM but were most concentrated and of the largest magnitude in the rostral and caudal poles of RVMM. Microinjection of the inhibitory neurotransmitter @entity2228 (500 mM) was used to determine whether neurons in RVMM were contributing to the maintenance of arterial pressure. Microinjection of @entity2228 decreased arterial pressure (-15 +/- 2 mm Hg) throughout most of RVMM. Unexpectedly, increases in mean arterial pressure (24 +/- 3 mm Hg) were elicited by microinjection of @entity2228 into the same region in RVMM in which @entity143 most frequently elicited pressor responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Identification of cardiovascular neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla in anesthetized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: We sought to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of percutaneous treatment of @entity260 . The primary aims were to evaluate clinical and technical success and complications and perioperative mortality, and secondary aims were to evaluate treatment duration and recurrence rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2007 and March 2010, 75 @entity1 (42 @entity1 and 33 @entity1 ; age range, 17-88 years; mean age, 60.8 years) underwent interventional radiology procedures to treat @entity260 of biliary and pancreatic-duodenal surgery with biliodigestive anastomosis (37.7%), laparoscopic cholecystectomy (30.6%), hepatic resection (21.1%) and several other surgical procedures (10.6%). Complications included @entity292 (73%), stenoses (20%) and complete bile duct transections (7%). RESULTS: Interventional radiology achieved complete clinical success in 74 cases (85.9%) and in particular in 95.2% of @entity292 , 76.5% of stenoses and 33.3% of complete bile duct transections. Mean indwelling catheter time was 34.9 days, with an average of 4.1 procedures. There were two cases of severe haemobilia (2.3%). Minor complications occurred in 7% of cases. Perioperative mortality rate was 1.2% and overall recurrence rate 6.7% (range, 1-18 months; mean, 10 months), with recurrences occurring predominantly in stenoses. All @entity1 were retreated successfully. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous procedures are feasible, effective and safe for treating @entity260 . They provide a valuable alternative to presendoscopy, which is precluded in many of these @entity1 , and to surgery, which has higher morbidity and mortality rates.

title: Interventional radiology in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['early postoperative biliary complications']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['early postoperative biliary complications']


abstract: There are extremely complicated and numerous gene expressions in @entity1 brains. Each region of the brain contains a set of mRNA expressed only in that region and these mRNA would be related to presumed region of specific function. Genes preferentially expressed in cerebellum (CB) are therefore the reasonable candioate genes for site of genetic lesions in @entity179 . In this study, the subtractive hybridization was introduced into screening and isolating CB specific mRNA. Testing CB and front @entity550 ( @entity550 ) cDNA libraries were built, which covered most low abundantly expressed mRNA. By applying over 100 fold excessive @entity550 and liver single strand cDNA to the CB double strand cDNA, subtractive hybridization was carried out by @entity3971 -emulsion-reassociation-technique (PERT), in which the common expressed housekeep genes would be eluted by restrict site ligation, and CB specific cDNA flanking with EcoRI site in both ds cDNA ends could be cloned into lamda gill phage. PERT subtraction reduced CB cDNA libraries from initial 5.15 x 10(6) to remaining 2.5 x 10(3) recombinants, which were most likely CB specific expressed cDNA. Random Twenty recombinants (over 2 kb inserts) were amplified randomly by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and were hybridized with CB cDNA and liver cDNA probes in dot blot. 14 inserts positively hybridized with CB cDNA probe and only 3 inserts showed signals with liver cDNA probe. Colony blot presented similar results. 10 cDNA clones which affinited to CB cDNA probe were selected for the Northern blot. In five tissures, 2 cDNA clones binded only in CB mRNA channel, 6 were proved preferential expression in CB and low abundant expression in 4 other tissues, 1 clone was a housekeep gene and 1 could not be detected in all tissues. The partially sequencing of clone @entity50641 and PD8 were introduced into Computer Gene Bank Data Base. No homologous complements were found between these two clones and over ten thousands genes that have been sequenced. The two clones were newly reported. According to our experiment, we believe that: 1) CB specifically expressed mRNAs are much less than expected comparing with other brain regions; 2) most of CB mRNA expressions are in a preferential way other than unique expression.

title: [Screening and isolation of the cerebellar specific expressed mRNA in mouse: subtractive hybridization by XXXX emulsion reassociation technique].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['CB neurodegenerative disorders']

answer: @entity3971 :: (MESH:D019800,Chemical) :: ['phenol']


abstract: Treatment of P190BCR-ABL+ @entity981 ( @entity981 ) @entity1 remains problematic: one possibility is to use biologic response modifiers such as alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN), which is known to be active in @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ). We used alpha-IFN to treat 10 adult P190BCR-ABL+ @entity981 @entity1 (eight newly diagnosed; two in first relapse). All received a remission induction chemotherapy (modified @entity25833 protocol). @entity1 achieving morphological, immunological and cytogenetic complete remission (CR) were then submitted to a rotational consolidation regimen lasting 6 months. When no HLA-identical donor was available, @entity1 aged <55 years underwent stem cell harvest followed by autologous transplantation; @entity1 aged >/=55 years received standard maintenance treatment for 6 months. In the second year, maintenance treatment (all ages) was based on cycles of alpha-IFN (3 MU three times a week for 6 weeks) alternated with @entity1499 / @entity4446 continuously for up to 2 years from first demonstration of CR. Thereafter, @entity1 maintaining CR had the same schedule of alpha-IFN (6 weeks on, 6 off). Eight @entity1 (6/8 first diagnosis, 2/2 relapsed) obtained morphological, immunological and cytogenetic CR with persistent molecular positivity. Two with an HLA-identical donor had allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Six proceeded with chemotherapy: one experienced early relapse, three were autotransplanted, and two received maintenance. Five @entity1 then received alpha-IFN as scheduled. All five are in continuous morphological and cytogenetic CR, with a longer mean duration of maintained morphological CR (mean 46 months; range: 20-88) than in previous reports of Ph+ @entity981 @entity1 treated with chemotherapy regimens (excluding allogeneic BMT). alpha-IFN thus appears effective in this poor-risk subset of @entity1 . This well-tolerated IFN-containing maintenance treatment could be considered to reinforce intensified programs based on autologous stem cell transplantation as an alternative to allogeneic transplantation in P190BCR-ABL+ @entity981 @entity1 (and by extension for Ph+ @entity981 @entity1 ) lacking an HLA-matched donor. @entity1778 (2000) 14, 22-27.

title: Alpha-interferon improves survival and remission duration in P-190BCR-ABL positive adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['6-mercaptopurine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: The subunit composition of ionotropic @entity2227 receptors (GluRs) is extremely diverse and responsible for the diversity of postsynaptic responses to the release of @entity2227 , which is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the retina. To understand the functional consequences of this diversity, it is necessary to reveal the synaptic localization and subunit composition of GluRs. We have used immuno light and electron microscopy to localize @entity140 and @entity4176 (GluR1, GluR2/3, GluR4, GluR5-7) subunits in identified @entity7136 retinal neurons contributing to the outer plexiform layer. GluR1 could not be detected within the outer plexiform layer. Rod and cone horizontal cells all express only GluR2/3 at the tips of their invaginating dendrites. These receptors are also inserted into the membrane of spinules, light-dependent protrusions of the horizontal cell dendrites, flanking the synaptic ribbon of the cone synapse. Bipolar cells express GluR2/3, GluR4, and GluR5-7 at their terminal dendrites invaginating cone pedicles and rod spherules. Colocalization data suggest that each subunit is expressed by a distinct bipolar cell type. The majority of bipolar cells expressing these receptors seem to be of the functional OFF-type; however, in a few instances, GluR2/3 could also be detected on dendrites of bipolar cells that, based on their localization within the cone synaptic complex, appeared to be of the functional ON-type. The spatial arrangement of the different subunits within the cavity of the cone pedicle appeared not to be random: GluR2/3 was found predominantly at the apex of the cavity, GluR4 at its base and GluR5-7 dispersed between the two.

title: Selective synaptic distribution of @entity140 and @entity4176 receptor subunits in the outer plexiform layer of the XXXX retina.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

answer: @entity7136 :: (7962,Species) :: ['carp']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multidrug resistance is the main obstacle to the efficiency of systemic chemotherapy against @entity1583 . This study investigated the reversible effect of the copolymer @entity42095 and @entity5699 coloaded into @entity13528 magnetic nanoparticles, and the mechanism potentially involved. METHODS: The growth inhibition rate of K562/A02 cells was investigated by @entity98 assay, and apoptosis of cells and the intracellular @entity5699 concentration were detected by flow cytometry. Distribution of nanoparticles taken up by K562/A02 cells was observed under a transmission electron microscope and demonstrated by Prussian blue staining. The transcription level of @entity1262 mRNA and expression of @entity1262 were determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting assay, respectively. RESULTS: The reversible effect of @entity5699 - @entity42095 magnetic nanoparticles was 8.87-fold that of @entity5699 + @entity42095 and of @entity5699 magnetic nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy and Prussian blue staining revealed that the nanoparticles were located in the endosome vesicles of cytoplasm. Also, the apoptosis rate and accumulation of intracellular @entity5699 in the @entity5699 - @entity42095 magnetic nanoparticle group were significantly higher than that in the @entity5699 , @entity5699 + @entity42095 , and @entity5699 magnetic nanoparticle groups. Furthermore, transcription of @entity1262 mRNA and expression of @entity1262 in K562/A02 cells were significantly downregulated in the @entity5699 - @entity42095 magnetic nanoparticle group compared with the other groups. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the remarkable effects of the novel @entity5699 - @entity42095 magnetic nanoparticle formulation on multidrug resistant K562/A02 @entity1778 cells would be a promising strategy for overcoming multidrug resistance.

title: Effect of magnetic nanoparticles of @entity13528 and XXXX on the reversal of multidrug resistance in K562/A02 cell line.

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancy']

answer: @entity42095 :: (MESH:C085514,Chemical) :: ['wogonin']


abstract: We examined the role of the plasma @entity413 concentration per se in the secretion of counterregulatory hormones during exercise. Ten @entity1 (average age, 24 yr; maximal aerobic capacity, 31.8 mL/kg.min) were studied during two 50-min bicycle exercise periods at either normal @entity413 [87 +/- 1 (+/- SE) mg/dL (4.8 +/- 0.1 mmol/L)] or low @entity413 [59 +/- 1 mg/dL (3.3 +/- 0.1 mmol/L)]. The plasma @entity413 targets were achieved by exogenous insulin and variable @entity413 infusions. These results were compared to studies in which saline was infused. Exercise at normal @entity413 was associated with significant increments in plasma @entity1425 (maximum 3- to 5-fold above baseline) and @entity1063 (2-fold), comparable to those that occurred during saline administration. Plasma GH increased only at the most intense exercise level, while plasma @entity701 and glucagon did not increase significantly. In low @entity413 -exercise studies, the increase in plasma @entity1425 during exercise was significantly greater than that at normal @entity413 (P less than 0.01), although proportional to basal preexercise levels (r = 0.73; P less than 0.001). Plasma glucagon increased almost 100%, and plasma @entity701 and GH increased by 150% and 400%, respectively. Compared to the effect of the same degree of @entity4053 in the absence of exercise, only plasma @entity1425 (P = 0.002) and @entity1063 (P less than 0.001) displayed effects independent of @entity4053 during exercise. When low @entity413 was reversed to normal at the midpoint of exercise, plasma @entity1425 and glucagon returned to the levels obtained for the same duration of exercise at normal @entity413 , while @entity1063 , GH, and @entity701 were only partially responsive to the rise in plasma @entity413 . These data suggest that 1) moderate exercise is a stimulus for a sympathoadrenal and GH response, but not a peripheral glucagon response; 2) during exercise and @entity4053 , plasma @entity1425 and @entity1063 are enhanced, while the glucagon response is entirely @entity413 dependent; and 3) the @entity1425 response to @entity4053 can be dissociated from that to exercise, suggesting differing control mechanisms. We conclude that the activation of counterregulatory hormones during exercise is regulated by @entity413 -independent mechanisms, although these responses may be augmented by concurrent @entity4053 .

title: Regulation of counterregulatory hormone secretion in XXXX during exercise and @entity4053 .

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: PURPOSE: Primary @entity9865 (pPCL) is a rare and @entity146 with a poor prognosis. With conventional chemotherapy, @entity1 typically die within 1 year. In all but one of the retrospective studies reported to date, @entity1749 and @entity6985 seem to improve survival. We conducted a prospective phase II trial in @entity1 with pPCL to assess the efficacy of an alternate regimen that combines standard chemotherapy, a proteasome inhibitor, and high-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDM/ASCT) followed by either allogeneic transplantation or @entity1749 / @entity6985 maintenance. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 70 years old and younger with newly diagnosed pPCL received four alternating cycles of @entity1749 , @entity619 plus @entity632 or @entity786 . Peripheral blood stem cells were collected from responding @entity1 with < 1% of circulating plasma cells before HDM/ASCT. As consolidation, young @entity1 received a reduced-intensity conditioning allograft, whereas the remaining @entity1 underwent a second HDM/ASCT followed by 1 year of @entity1749 , @entity6985 , @entity619 . The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: Forty @entity1 (median age, 57 years; range, 27 to 71 years) were enrolled. The median follow-up was 28.7 months. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the median PFS and overall survival were 15.1 (95% CI, 8.4; -) and 36.3 (95% CI, 25.6; -) months, respectively. The overall response rate to induction was 69%. One @entity1 underwent a syngeneic allograft and 25 HDM/ASCT (16 of whom subsequently received a reduced-intensity conditioning allograft and seven a second ASCT followed by maintenance). CONCLUSION: In this prospective trial in @entity1 with pPCL, we show that @entity1749 , @entity619 plus @entity632 or @entity786 induction followed by transplantation induces high response rates and appears to significantly improve PFS.

title: @entity1749 , @entity632 , XXXX , @entity619 Induction Followed by Stem Cell Transplantation for Primary @entity9865 : A Prospective Phase II Study of the Intergroupe Francophone du My  lome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive malignancy']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity9865 :: ('MESH:D007952', 'Disease') :: ['plasma cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['lenalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['Cyclophosphamide']


abstract: @entity82 ( @entity82 ) is considered a benign @entity5 ; however, certain types of @entity82 have been shown to have a tendency for local recurrence, and there are rare reported cases of @entity3 . In this study, 16 cases of morphologically benign @entity82 with locoregional or distant @entity3 were identified in consult files. Pathologic features of primary, recurrent, and @entity3 , as well as clinical outcome, were evaluated. Nine were male and 7 were female @entity1 ; mean age was 42 years (range, 3 to 68 y). @entity5 arose on the leg in 5 @entity1 , buttock in 1, trunk in 3, shoulder in 3, neck in 2, and finger in 1. The primary site in 1 case was unknown. Fifteen @entity5 available for review involved the dermis; 6 extended into the superficial subcutis. @entity5 size ranged from 1 to 5 cm (median 3.2 cm). Histologically, @entity5 showed characteristic features of @entity82 , being composed in most cases of a polymorphous population of bland spindle and histiocytoid cells in a mixed storiform and fascicular growth pattern with admixed foam cells, multinucleate cells, and inflammatory cells in varying proportions. Histologic variants included 11 cellular (2 with mixed atypical and cellular features), 2 aneurysmal, 1 atypical, and 1 epithelioid type. All @entity5 showed entrapment of hyalinized collagen bundles. Mitotic activity ranged from <1 to 13/10 HPF. Focal @entity39 was seen in 1 @entity5 . Ten @entity1 had local @entity5 recurrence; 4 @entity1 had multiple local recurrences. Time to first recurrence ranged from 6 weeks to 13 years. The local recurrences of 1 @entity5 showed @entity101 , but recurrences were otherwise morphologically similar to @entity5 . @entity3 occurred 0 to 180 months after diagnosis (median 17 mo) and involved the lungs (12 @entity1 ), lymph nodes (8), soft tissues (6), and liver (1). Five @entity1 developed multiple satellite nodules in the region of the @entity5 . @entity3 were morphologically similar to the @entity5 . So far, 6 @entity1 died of disease, with a median time to @entity204 of 64 months (range, 10 to 168 mo). Four @entity1 are alive with metastatic disease. Two @entity1 are disease free at last follow-up, and 1 @entity1 died of unrelated disease. @entity3 of morphologically benign cutaneous @entity82 is an extremely rare but clinically aggressive event. @entity5 tend to be large and cellular, but @entity146 cannot be predicted on morphologic grounds alone; however, early or frequent local recurrence may warrant closer clinical follow-up.

title: Metastasizing "benign" cutaneous XXXX : a clinicopathologic analysis of 16 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneous fibrous histiocytoma', 'FH']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased cytologic atypia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'Tumor', 'primary tumor', 'Primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic tumors', 'Metastasis', 'Metastases']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrous histiocytoma']


abstract: A normocalcemic animal model of @entity560 (vit. D)-deficiency has been successfully developed by feeding a high @entity460 ( @entity141 ) diet to vit. D.-deficient @entity35 . The modulating role of @entity141 on the hepatic antioxidant defence system and lipid peroxidation has been evaluated in this model. Partial restoration of liver function was noted in these @entity35 following extra @entity141 feeding. Serum alkaline phosphatase and @entity493 aminotransferase reverted to a normal level. The reduced levels of hepatic SOD and @entity2041 peroxidase in vit. D.-deficient @entity35 , were also increased after extra @entity141 supplementation. Even elevated lipid peroxidation due to vit. D.-deficiency was reduced after feeding the extra @entity141 -supplemented diet. However, catalase activity remained at the control level throughout the study. The results provide important evidence that normocalcemia is essential for maintaining the hepatic antioxidant defence and controlling lipid peroxidation in the in vivo milieu.

title: The role of XXXX in the modulation of the hepatic anti-oxidant defence system.

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Physical and biochemical changes in the spinal cord of monkeys @entity21194 , and 4 hours following 200 g cm contusion injury and 50 g of @entity2850 and 2 hours of decompression following 4 hours of compression were studied. The pathophysiologic changes were milder in compression compared to contusion injury. Following contusion injury, at 1/2 and 2 hours there was significant increase in % water content, lipid peroxidation, and alpha-L-fucosidase. alpha-D-Mannosidase was significantly increased at all time periods, and beta-D-hexosaminidase was increased at 1/2 and 4 hours. At 4 hours following injury, @entity750 (5 HT) and @entity1130 ( @entity5581 ) showed a significant increase. From 10 minutes to 2 hours there was increased @entity1423 . In @entity2850 , a significant increase in water content and 5 HT was observed only at 1/2 hour. Lipid peroxidation had increased at all time periods, whereas B-D-hexosaminidase, beta-D-galactosidase, and @entity5581 were increased at 2 hours. alpha-D-Mannosidase had increased at 1/2 and 2 hours, and alpha-L-fucosidase had increased at 4 hours. After 2 hours decompression following 4 hours compression, water content, beta-D-galactosidase, and alpha-D-Mannosidase were significantly increased. An attempt was made to correlate the findings and to understand the sequential pathophysiologic changes in the first 4 hours following @entity1566 , providing a baseline for evaluation of the efficacy of any therapeutic maneuvers.

title: Spinal cord edema, @entity750 , lipid peroxidation, and lysosomal enzyme release after acute contusion and XXXX in primates.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['compression injury']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord trauma']

entities_list: @entity1130 :: ('CHEBI:27823', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid']

answer: @entity2850 :: (MESH:D009408,Disease) :: ['compression injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of @entity535 enriched artificial tears on the ocular surface of @entity1 with @entity409 ( @entity409 ). METHODS: Forty @entity1 were divided into two groups: group 1 treated for 90 days with @entity4023 (SH) 0.15% 1 drop   5 times/day; group 2 treated for 90 days with SH 0.15% + aminoacids mixture 1 drop   5 times/day. Symptom score questionnaire, @entity6724 ( @entity6724 ), corneal fluorescein stain, Shirmer's I test and confocal microscopy were performed at baseline and after 30 and 90 days. Confocal images underwent morphometric analysis. RESULTS: Both treatments improved symptoms after 1 month. Group 2 @entity1 showed at 1 month an improvement of @entity6724 and corneal stain, maintained throughout the study. Also Shirmer's I test improved after 3 months. In group 1, an improvement of @entity6724 and corneal stain was observed after 3 months. The morphometric analysis of confocal images demonstrated at month 1 an improvement of nerve tortuosity in group 2; after 3 months both groups showed a significant improvement versus baseline. The epithelium showed, in both groups, a reduction in hyperreflective large cells starting from 1 month; the area of the cells was significantly reduced after 3 months, with a significant higher reduction in group 2. The perineural stromal opacity was significantly increased after 3 months, particularly in group 2. CONCLUSION: This is the first study addressing corneal changes after @entity1522 administration in a @entity409 population. The treatment with @entity1522 enriched SH can be considered a useful tool in the treatment of @entity409 .

title: Effects of @entity1522 enriched tears substitutes on the cornea of XXXX with @entity409 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity6724 :: ('MESH:D019457', 'Disease') :: ['TBUT', 'tear break-up time']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoacid']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['dysfunctional tear syndrome', 'DTS']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hyaluronate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the result of vitrectomy with epiretinal membrane (ERM) peeling for @entity6654 ( @entity6654 ). METHODS: Clinical data of 51 @entity1 (51 eyes) of @entity6654 who underwent vitrectomy with ERM peeling were retrospectively investigated. All the @entity1 were examined by visual acuity, slit lamp, fundus under @entity5564 , optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and after the surgery. The 3-18 months follow-up were included, mean (5.8  3.2) months. All the macular ERM were removed successfully. Paired-sample t test was used to study the visual acuity and macular foveal thickness before and after surgery. The Pearson correlation analysis was used to study the correlation between visual acuity and macular foveal thickness. RESULTS: In the 51 @entity1 , the best visual acuity improved from 4.25  0.34 to 4.65  0.23 postoperatively. The difference was statistically significant (t=-9.012, P=0.000), and the mean foveomacular thickness decreased from (432.7    91.7) to (333.3    66.1) m postoperatively, the difference was statistically significant (t=10.565, P=0.000). There was negative correlation between visual acuity and mean foveomacular thickness (r=- 0.452, P=0.001), and it was obvious postoperatively (r=-0.602, P=0.000). The increase of visual acuity was strongly correlated with the decline of mean foveomacular thickness (r=0.382, P=0.006). @entity735 have developed @entity231 in 3 to 6 months after vitrectomy which affect the visual acuity. All of them went phacoemulsification and intraocular lenses(IOL) implantation and visual acuity after surgery had an obviously improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Vitrectomy with ERM peeling can improve visual acuity and ease macular @entity4 . And it is a safe and effective therapy to treat @entity1 of @entity6654 . (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2016, 52:343-347).

title: [Clinical study of vitrectomy with XXXX for @entity6654 ].

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity6654 :: ('MESH:D019773', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane', 'IMEM']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['Twelve eyes']

entities_list: @entity5564 :: ('MESH:D015878', 'Disease') :: ['mydriasis']

answer: @entity6654 :: (MESH:D019773,Disease) :: ['epiretinal membrane peeling']


abstract: Occurrence of @entity703 in @entity1 with primitive @entity4969 , so-called central nervous system-renal @entity5 has been reported. An @entity1 who presented with masses in the right lateral ventricle and the cerebellar vermis is reported. Histological examination showed primitive @entity4969 . Further investigation revealed @entity5 in the bilateral kidneys, which were removed subtotally and pathologically shown to be @entity3969 . The @entity1 was then treated with anticancer drugs and irradiation. However, he developed lung metastases from the @entity703 and expired. At autopsy, a small @entity5 was found in the inferior horn of the left lateral ventricle. Histological finding showed a primitive @entity4969 . Also, bilateral large masses of recurrent @entity3969 , multiple metastases to the lungs and peritoneal dissemination were found. There is no evidence that this association is based on the selective neoplastic transformation of embryonal cells of similar histogenetic or cytogenetic origin. Several reports demonstrate the presence of embryonal cells in the nervous tissue which could imply a neuroepithelial origin for @entity3969 .

title: [Primitive XXXX with @entity3969 . Case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4969 :: ('MESH:D017599', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectodermal tumor', 'neuroectodermal tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasia', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumors"]

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors', 'embryonal kidney tumors']

answer: @entity4969 :: (MESH:D017599,Disease) :: ['neuroectodermal tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess whether oral care (tooth brushing, regular dental visits, and use of dentures) affects mortality in elderly individuals with @entity2524 . DESIGN: A 4-year prospective cohort study. SETTING: Ohsaki City, Japan. @entity1 : Twenty-one thousand seven hundred thirty community-dwelling individuals aged 65 and older. MEASUREMENTS: In a baseline survey in 2006, data were collected on number of remaining teeth and oral care status as measures of dental health. Data were also collected on age, sex, education level, smoking, @entity167 drinking, time spent walking daily, medical history, @entity458 , and energy and protein intake as covariates. During the 4-year follow-up between 2006 and 2010, information on mortality was obtained from Ohsaki City government. RESULTS: The multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model showed an inverse dose-response relationship between number of remaining teeth and mortality (P for trend <.001). In @entity1 with 0 to 19 teeth, practicing oral care was inversely associated with mortality. The multivariate hazard ratio for mortality in @entity1 who practiced all three types of oral care was 0.54 (95% confidence interval = 0.45-0.64), compared with @entity1 who practiced none of the three. CONCLUSION: Tooth brushing, regular dental visits, and use of dentures are inversely associated with mortality in elderly individuals with @entity2524 .

title: XXXX and mortality in elderly Japanese adults: effect of oral care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity2524 :: ('MESH:D016388', 'Disease') :: ['tooth loss']

answer: @entity2524 :: (MESH:D016388,Disease) :: ['Tooth loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine whether blood pressure reductions differ by @entity172 use among overweight @entity413 -intolerant @entity1 . METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of @entity6 Prevention Program postmenopausal @entity1 who used oral @entity172 with or without @entity3942 at baseline and 1-year follow-up (n = 324) versus those who did not use oral @entity172 with or without @entity3942 at either time point (n = 382). Changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were examined by randomization arm ( @entity1213 [ @entity1213 ], @entity2449 850 mg twice daily, or placebo). Associations between changes in blood pressure and changes in sex hormone-binding globulin, @entity53 , @entity251 , and @entity2494 were also examined. RESULTS: @entity172 users and nonusers had similar prevalences of baseline @entity101 (33% vs 34%, P = 0.82) and use of blood pressure medications at baseline (P = 0.25) and on follow-up (P = 0.10). @entity172 users and nonusers randomized to @entity1213 had similar decreases in SBP (-3.3 vs -4.7 mm Hg, P = 0.45) and DBP (-3.1 vs -4.7 mm Hg, P = 0.16). Among @entity172 users, @entity1 randomized to @entity1213 had significant declines in SBP (P = 0.016) and DBP (P = 0.009) versus placebo. Among nonusers, @entity1 randomized to @entity1213 had significant declines in DBP (P = 0.001) versus placebo, but declines in SBP were not significant (P = 0.11). @entity2449 was not associated with blood pressure reductions versus placebo regardless of @entity172 therapy. Blood pressure changes were not associated with changes in sex hormones regardless of @entity172 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Among overweight @entity1 with dysglycemia, the magnitude of blood pressure reductions after @entity1213 is unrelated to postmenopausal @entity172 use.

title: Does hormone therapy affect blood pressure changes in the XXXX Prevention Program?

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3942 :: ('CHEBI:50745', 'Chemical') :: ['progestogen']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive lifestyle change', 'ILS']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin', 'metformin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: To characterize the development of @entity2722 ( @entity2722 ) in @entity1 with brain @entity3 after gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS). Eight hundred and twenty-seven @entity1 that underwent GKRS as a part of an initial treatment plan for brain @entity3 between January 2002 and December 2010 were included in the study. Six hundred and fifty @entity1 were treated with GKRS alone and 177 @entity1 received GKRS combined with upfront whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT). Actuarial curves for overall survival (OS) and the development of @entity2722 were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method. Median overall survival for all @entity1 was 55 weeks (95 % CI, 47.8-62.2), and the overall incidence of @entity2722 was 5.3 %. The actuarial rates for @entity2722 at 6 and 12 months were 3.1 and 5.8, respectively. Uni- and multivariate analysis suggested that @entity0 and a large number of @entity3 (n >=  4) are significant risk factors of @entity2722 (P < 0.05). Regarding treatment modalities, the addition of WBRT was found to have a significant impact on lowering the risk of @entity2722 by multivariate analysis (P = 0.045). @entity2722 is an important pattern of CNS failure. The risk of @entity2722 following GKRS may be associated with @entity75 , @entity0 , and the omission of WBRT. Additional data from large-scale, randomized controlled trials are required to identify risk factors associated with the @entity2722 more accurately.

title: Leptomeningeal seeding in @entity1 with brain XXXX treated by gamma knife radiosurgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lesions']

entities_list: @entity2722 :: ('MESH:D009366', 'Disease') :: ['LMS', 'leptomeningeal seeding']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: Low levels of @entity669 and @entity815 alter the metastatic phenotype of B16BL6 @entity19 @entity320 . In this study, we investigated expression and secretion of fibroblast growth factor-like (FGF-like) and transforming growth factor beta-like ( @entity641 -like) molecules as well as the biological effect of @entity10245 ( @entity10245 ) and @entity641 on high ( @entity45999 ) and low (LTP) metastatic variants of B16BL6 @entity320 . Both @entity45999 and LTP cells expressed @entity10245 -like and @entity641 -like polypeptides as detected by Western blot analysis. An M(r) 29,000 @entity10245 -like form eluted from heparin-Sepharose by 0.6 M @entity1219 was found in extracts of both @entity45999 and LTP cells. Elution at 0.6 M @entity1219 suggested that this M(r) 29,000 form might be more closely related to @entity46000 than to @entity10245 . In addition, cell extracts of LTP, but not @entity45999 cells, contained an M(r) 47,000 monomeric @entity10245 -like form that was not retained on heparin-Sepharose. Three major specific immunoreactive forms of M(r) 44,000, 36,000, and 29,000 were present in conditioned medium from @entity45999 cells. The M(r) 29,000 form present in the conditioned medium of @entity45999 cells was retained on heparin-Sepharose. Only the M(r) 44,000 and 36,000 FGF-like molecules were detected in conditioned medium from LTP cells, and they were also not retained on heparin-Sepharose. Anti- @entity641 antibody that recognized both @entity641 and @entity11579 detected 3 different @entity641 -like forms (M(r) 25,000, 23,000 and 22,000) in @entity45999 and LTP cell extracts. Conditioned medium from @entity45999 cells contained an M(r) 38,000 form of @entity641 ; however, no immunoreactive forms were found in conditioned medium from LTP cells. Thus, the @entity45999 -LTP differences in this @entity320 system were primarily in growth factor secretion, not expression. The effect of exogenous @entity10245 and @entity641 on proliferation of LTP and @entity45999 cells was determined by [methyl-3H]thymidine uptake. @entity10245 stimulated proliferation of @entity45999 cells; whereas, LTP cells exhibited no increase in proliferation. Both @entity45999 and LTP cells responded to @entity641 . Proliferation of @entity45999 cells was inhibited more by this growth factor than was proliferation of LTP cells. When @entity45999 and LTP cells were incubated with 5 ng/ml @entity641 and various amounts of @entity10245 , the effect of @entity641 was masked. Antibody depletion of @entity10245 -like molecules from @entity45999 conditioned medium resulted in the decreased proliferation of @entity45999 cells but not LTP cells. Depletion of @entity641 -like molecules resulted in increased proliferation of LTP cells but did not affect @entity45999 cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Differential growth factor production, secretion, and response by high and low metastatic variants of B16BL6 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: @entity2 is a leading cause of @entity5 related morbidity and mortality globally, and carries a dismal prognosis. Improved understanding of the biology of @entity5 is required to improve @entity1 outcomes. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a powerful tool for whole genome characterisation, enabling comprehensive examination of somatic mutations that drive oncogenesis. Most NGS methods are based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of platform-specific DNA fragment libraries, which are then sequenced. These techniques are well suited to high-throughput sequencing and are able to detect the full spectrum of genomic changes present in @entity5 . However, they require considerable investments in time, laboratory infrastructure, computational analysis and bioinformatic support. Next-generation sequencing has been applied to studies of the whole genome, exome, transcriptome and epigenome, and is changing the paradigm of @entity2 research and @entity1 care. The results of this new technology will transform current knowledge of oncogenic pathways and provide molecular targets of use in the diagnosis and treatment of @entity5 . Somatic mutations in @entity2 have already been identified by NGS, and large scale genomic studies are underway. Personalised treatment strategies will improve care for those likely to benefit from available therapies, while sparing others the expense and morbidity of futile intervention. Organisational, computational and bioinformatic challenges of NGS are driving technological advances as well as raising ethical issues relating to informed consent and data release. Differentiation between driver and passenger mutations requires careful interpretation of sequencing data. Challenges in the interpretation of results arise from the types of specimens used for DNA extraction, sample processing techniques and @entity5 content. Tumour heterogeneity can reduce power to detect mutations implicated in oncogenesis. Next-generation sequencing will facilitate investigation of the biological and clinical implications of such variation. These techniques can now be applied to single cells and free circulating DNA, and possibly in the future to DNA obtained from body fluids and from subpopulations of @entity5 . As costs reduce, and speed and processing accuracy increase, NGS technology will become increasingly accessible to researchers and clinicians, with the ultimate goal of improving the care of @entity1 with @entity2 .

title: Whole genome sequencing for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent reports suggest that @entity905 in doses less than the standard 20 mg/day may be effective in the treatment of @entity308 and that some @entity1 , particularly those with @entity4697 , may be intolerant of the 20 mg/day dose. We examined the utility of starting @entity905 at a low daily dose (5 mg) and increasing to the standard daily dose (20 mg) in @entity308 outpatients with and without concurrent @entity4697 . METHOD: One hundred thirty-three consecutive outpatients meeting DSM-III-R criteria for @entity308 were studied. @entity1 were started on @entity905 5 mg/day and were gradually increased to 20 mg/day over a 1-week period. @entity1 who were unable to reach the 20 mg/day dose were instructed to take the highest tolerable dose for the duration of the study. After a month of @entity905 treatment, @entity1 were evaluated for compliance with treatment and improvement on the Clinical Global Improvement scale. RESULTS: Twenty-eight percent of the @entity1 were unable to increase the dose to the full 20 mg. Of these @entity1 , half could not tolerate doses lower than 20 mg and discontinued the drug, while the other half did well clinically on the lower doses. @entity1 who discontinued @entity905 tended to have @entity4697 in addition to @entity308 . CONCLUSION: We conclude that starting @entity905 at doses lower than 20 mg is a useful strategy because of the substantial fraction of @entity1 who cannot tolerate a 20-mg dose but appear to benefit from lower doses. This dosing strategy may be of particular benefit for @entity1 with @entity4697 .

title: Use of low-dose XXXX in @entity308 and @entity4697 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression', 'major depression']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorder']

answer: @entity905 :: (MESH:D005473,Chemical) :: ['fluoxetine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The large individual variability for anticancer drugs in both outcome and @entity137 risk makes the identification of pharmacogenetic markers that can be used to screen @entity1 before therapy selection an attractive prospect. AIMS: This work aimed to evaluate the importance of genetic polymorphisms involved in drug detoxification to predict clinical outcomes of @entity4349 -based neoadjuvant chemotherapy for @entity0 . RESULTS: @entity4191 313 AA genotype was associated with a poor clinical response relative to G allele carrier (58.4% vs 80.8%; p = 0.006), and @entity1262 3435 TT genotype had a worse response compared with C allele carrier (33.3% vs 71.2% p = 0.001). @entity1 with both the adverse genotypes of @entity4191 314AA and MDR 3435TT showed the worst therapy efficacy in all (14.3%; p = 0.000). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the @entity1 with no adverse genotype were associated with decreased hazard of relapse (p = 0.002), compared with those with 1 or 2 adverse genotypes. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that clinical response and no adverse genotype was independent predictors of disease-free survival (DFS). METHODS: Genotyping was performed by allele-specific oligonucleotide ligation reaction ( @entity4723 , CAT, @entity4191 ), multiplex PCR ( @entity9164 , @entity4192 ) or PCR-RFLP ( @entity1262 ). Based on 153 @entity1 received @entity4349 -based neoadjuvant chemotherapy, these genotypes or their combinations in relation to treatment-related response, hematologic @entity137 and DFS were investigated. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that polymorphisms in @entity4191 and @entity1262 may help to predict clinical response and DFS of @entity4349 -based chemotherapy, and a polygenic pathway approach should provide more useful information. The findings required independent prospective confirmation.

title: Polymorphisms in genes involved in drug detoxification and clinical outcomes of @entity4349 -based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in Chinese @entity0 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In this report, we present the case of a @entity1 affected by @entity9296 , a @entity14 , and a concomitant @entity150 , as well as the results of the molecular study of the most relevant mutational pathways involved in these @entity5 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 68-year-old Italian @entity1 was admitted to our unit complaining of macrohematuria, rectorrhagia, and rectal tenesmus for about 2 months. A colonoscopy showed the presence of a @entity75 at 11cm from the anal margin; multiple biopsies were performed and a diagnosis of moderately differentiated @entity420 was made. Abdominal ultrasonography and total body computed tomography performed subsequently to stage the @entity5 showed the presence of two round nodules, interpreted as swollen lymph nodes of neoplastic origin, at the anterior aspect of the iliopsoas muscle and a budding lesion affecting the bladder. The @entity1 underwent transurethral biopsy of the lesion in the right retrotrigonal region; the diagnosis was @entity189 . The @entity1 underwent an open anterior rectal resection with loco-regional lymphadenectomy. An enlarged appendix and a voluminous whitish soft-tissue lesion requiring an appendicectomy were detected perioperatively. Transurethral resection of the @entity1494 was also performed. The histological examination revealed that the nodular lesions in the appendix were due to a @entity9296 . For mutation analysis, genomic @entity3141 was isolated from @entity5 tissue samples; for @entity10160 mutations, screening revealed that all three samples analyzed carried mutations in exon 9. CONCLUSIONS: Appendiceal mucoceles are rare but require adequate surgical treatment, given their malignant potential and the possibility of causing peritoneal @entity1725 . It is essential to make a correct preoperative evaluation based on a colonoscopy rather than ultrasound and computed tomography to exclude @entity5 often associated with mucoceles and to plan the optimum surgical strategy. The association between appendiceal mucoceles and other @entity5 is relatively frequent, especially with @entity14 . Oncogenic activation in the @entity10160 -depending pathway may contribute substantially to the pathogenesis of the different @entity5 in the same @entity1 .

title: Molecular analysis of appendiceal mucinous cystadenoma and XXXX in a @entity1 with @entity189 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity3141 :: ('CHEBI:16991', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyribonucleic acid']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'synchronous neoplasias', 'solid tumors', 'neoplasias', 'rectal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['rectal lesion']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['grade II urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1725 :: ('MESH:D011553', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomyxoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9296 :: ('MESH:D003537', 'Disease') :: ['appendiceal cystadenoma', 'cystadenoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: @entity1283 is common in @entity101 but its development is influenced by @entity1808 , @entity1372 intake @entity1369 , and the time of day blood pressure (BP) is elevated. This study examined and compared @entity1283 in the 2 kidney-1 clip (2K-1C) and 1 kidney-clip (1K-1C) Goldblatt models of @entity101 . Blood pressure was measured by telemetry in a selected group of @entity35 . @entity35 were placed on a high (4%) or reduced (0.2%) salt intake and were given @entity3371 (75 mg/kg per day) or @entity9886 (10 mg/kg per day). Appropriate sham-operated and untreated controls were used. @entity1283 was greater in the IK-1C than in the 2K-1C model. Day and sleep BP were also higher. In the 2K-1C model BP was lower on the reduced salt intake and BP decreased with @entity3371 in both reduced and high salt groups. Cardiac weight and index decreased significantly only in the reduced salt and @entity3371 group and was less than the size before treatment. In the 1K-1C model @entity3371 caused all BP measures to decrease in the reduced salt group but had no significant effect in the high salt group. Cardiac weight and index were reduced only in the reduced salt + @entity3371 group and cardiac weight was less than the pretreatment control. @entity9886 had a similar effect in the lK-1C model to that achieved with @entity3371 . The responses achieved correlated in part with renin status and dependency level. There is no prime determinant of @entity1283 . Blood pressure, @entity1372 intake, and hormonal status are all important. It is postulated that the common pathway may be alterations in cell composition that signal the nucleus to increase cell growth.

title: Interaction between @entity1372 intake, @entity1808 , and blood pressure as a cause of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac hypertrophy', 'cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan', 'Losartan']

answer: @entity1283 :: (MESH:D006332,Disease) :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity32 in @entity3001 may be sustained by aberrant inflammatory response, characterized by @entity1198 lymphocyte predominance, which in turn may be determined by chemokines synthesized in inflammatory focus. The aim of the study was to evaluate synthesis of chemokines: interferon-induced T cell chemoattractant ( @entity372 --chemoattractant for @entity1198 lymphocytes), and monocyte chemotactic protein ( @entity2842 ) in @entity3001 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Study group consisted of 13 @entity1 with @entity8831 , 10 with @entity625 and 6 with @entity9144 . Serum, as well as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in @entity9144 , was obtained before (examination 1) and during (examination 2) antibiotic treatment. Control serum was obtained from 8 healthy volunteers and control csf from 8 @entity1 in whom @entity693 and @entity9144 was excluded after diagnostic lumbar puncture. The samples were assayed for @entity2842 and @entity372 by ELISA. RESULTS: Serum mean @entity372 concentration in examination 1 was 73.0 pg/ml in @entity8831 , 78.9 pg/ml in @entity625 and 87.3 pg/ml in @entity9144 (29.9 pg/ml in controls, difference significant for @entity9144 ) and did not change significantly in examination 2. @entity2842 serum concentration was significantly increased to 497.5 pg/ml in @entity9144 in examination 2. @entity372 concentration in csf remained low, while @entity2842 concentration in examination 1 was increased to 589.1 pg/ml, significantly higher than simultaneously in serum. CONCLUSIONS: @entity372 synthesis is increased in @entity3001 and may be a factor favoring predominance of @entity1198 lymphocyte subset. @entity2842 creates chemotactic gradient towards central nervous system and may contribute to csf pleocytosis in @entity9144 .

title: Concentration of interferon-inducible T cell chemoattractant and @entity2842 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of XXXX with @entity3001 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme borreliosis']

entities_list: @entity9144 :: ('MESH:D020852', 'Disease') :: ['neuroborreliosis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme arthritis']

entities_list: @entity8831 :: ('MESH:C538499', 'Disease') :: ['erythema migrans']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The site-specific integrase from @entity27682 functions in @entity1 cells and is being applied for genetic engineering, including gene therapy. The @entity27682 integrase catalyzes precise, unidirectional recombination between its 30-40-bp @entity48217 and attB recognition sites. In @entity1 cells, the enzyme also mediates integration of plasmids bearing attB into native sequences that have partial sequence identity with @entity48217 , termed pseudo @entity48217 sites. Here, we analyzed the features of @entity27682 -mediated integration into pseudo @entity48217 sites in the @entity1 genome. Sequence analysis of 196 independent integration events derived from three cell lines revealed approximately 101 integration sites: 56% of the events were recurrent integrations distributed among 19 pseudo @entity48217 sequences. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a approximately 30-bp palindromic consensus sequence motif shared by all of the repeat occurrences and most of the single occurrence sites, verifying that @entity27682 -mediated integration into pseudo @entity48217 sites is significantly guided by DNA sequence recognition. The most favored unique sequence in these cell lines occurred at chromosome 19q13.31 and accounted for 7.5% of integration events. Other frequent integration sites were in three specific sequences in subfamilies of ERVL and L1 repetitive sequences, accounting for an additional 17.9% of integration events. Integrations could occur in either orientation at a pseudo @entity48217 site, were often accompanied by small deletions, and typically occurred in a single copy per cell. A number of aberrant events were also described, including large deletions and chromosome rearrangements. @entity27682 integrase-mediated integration only slightly favored genes and did not favor promoter regions. Gene density and expression studies suggested chromatin context effects. An analysis of the safety of integration sites in terms of proximity to @entity5 genes suggested minimal @entity5 risk. We conclude that integration systems derived from @entity27682 integrase have great potential utility.

title: Integration specificity of phage XXXX integrase in the @entity1 genome.

entities_list: @entity27682 :: ('10719', 'Species') :: ['phiC31', 'bacteriophage phiC31']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity27682 :: (10719,Species) :: ['phiC31']


abstract: In 2010, an 82-year-old @entity1 received a diagnosis of stage IV @entity1030 , @entity384 , severe @entity120 , @entity955 with slow ventricular response, and severe @entity997 . In December 2011, he was hospitalized for exacerbation of @entity1030 . The patient received antibiotics via injections (for 2 weeks through a peripheral venous catheter). In February 2012, he returned to the hospital with @entity712 and vascular purpura @entity272 . The echocardiography examination revealed a rupture of cordage afferent to the septal tricuspid valve. Because blood cultures were sterile after 10 days and no vegetation was revealed, the Duke criteria were not fulfilled. In March 2012, the @entity1 returned with @entity712 , fatigue, and @entity448 . Echocardiography evaluation then revealed @entity10710 . The Duke criteria were now satisfied. The patient received antibiotics at doses recommended for @entity884 , with a favorable outcome.

title: An atypical temporal sequence for right heart XXXX : case report.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity10710 :: ('MESH:D014264', 'Disease') :: ['attached septal tricuspid valve vegetation']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['secondary pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['endocarditis']


abstract: One prominent effect of IFNs is their cell growth-inhibitory activity. The mechanism behind this inhibition of proliferation is still not fully understood. In this study, the effect of @entity3027 treatment on cell cycle progression has been analysed in three lymphoid cell lines, Daudi, U-266 and H9. Examination of the growth-arrested cell populations shows that Daudi cells accumulate in a G0-like state, whereas @entity1 cells arrest later in G1. H9 cells are completely resistant to @entity3027 's cell growth-inhibitory effects. The G0/G1-phase arrest is preceded by a rapid induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs), @entity994 and @entity9288 . In parallel, the activities of the G1 Cdks are significantly reduced. In addition to @entity994 / @entity9288 induction, @entity3027 regulates the expression of another @entity17342 , @entity5438 , presumably by a post-transcriptional mechanism. In the G1 Cdk-complexes, there is first an increased binding of @entity994 and @entity9288 to their respective kinases. At longer exposure times, when Cdk-bound @entity9288 and @entity994 decline, @entity5438 starts to accumulate. Furthermore, we found that @entity3027 not only suppresses the phosphorylation of @entity996 , but also alters the phosphorylation and expression of the other pocket proteins @entity20337 and @entity19452 . These data suggest that induction of @entity994 / @entity9288 is involved in the primary @entity3027 response inhibiting G1 Cdk activity, whereas increased @entity5438 expression is part of a second set of events which keep these Cdks in their inactive form. Moreover, elevated levels of @entity5438 correlated with a dissociation of cyclin E/ @entity15308 - @entity20337 or @entity19452 complexes to yield cyclin E/ @entity15308 - @entity5438 complexes. In resistant H9 cells, which possess a homozygous deletion of the @entity9288 / @entity986 genes and lack @entity994 protein expression, @entity3027 causes no detectable changes in @entity5438 expression and, furthermore, no effects are observed on either pocket proteins in this cell line. Taken together, these data suggest that the early decline in G1 Cdk activity, subsequent changes in phosphorylation of pocket proteins, and G1/G0 arrest following @entity3027 treatment, is not primarily due to loss of the G1 kinase components, but result from the inhibitory action of CKIs on these complexes.

title: Molecular mechanisms underlying interferon-alpha-induced G0/G1 arrest: XXXX -mediated regulation of G1 Cdk-complexes and activation of pocket proteins.

answer: @entity17342 :: (1119,Gene) :: ['CKI']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate the role of multidetector computed tomography (CT) enteroclysis in evaluation and diagnostic characterization of suspected small bowel @entity378 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group included 21 @entity1 subjects suspected of having small bowel @entity378 . A nasoenteric tube was positioned into the duodenojejunal junction under fluoroscopic guidance and water was infused by hand injection. After intravenous administration of 120  mL of iodinated contrast material, multidetector CT enteroclysis images were obtained with 40     0.625  mm collimation and findings were analyzed by three readers working in consensus. Findings were compared with the results of endoscopy, histopathological analysis, and clinical follow up. RESULTS: Multidetector CT enteroclysis was well tolerated in 20 @entity1 ; one of the @entity1 @entity391 during intubation. Using multidetector CT enteroclysis diagnosis of @entity378 was made in sixteen @entity1 , out of which small bowel involvement was seen in 13 @entity1 . Multidetector CT enteroclysis demonstrated @entity30 in one @entity1 and normal in four @entity1 . The sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing @entity378 by CT enteroclysis came out to be 93.75 and 100  % respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Multidetector CT enteroclysis is well tolerable and accurate modality for evaluation and diagnostic characterization of small bowel @entity378 .

title: Small bowel XXXX by multidetector CT enteroclysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['complained of vomiting']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of childhood home @entity130 is currently high. A portion of these @entity130 could be prevented by simple safety precautions. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This study is based on data from the Norwegian National Injury Sample Register. We used this register to estimate the frequency of selected product-related @entity130 among Norwegian @entity1 aged two to three. We also used data from another study of home safety precautions taken by mothers of two-year olds. RESULTS: The most frequently reported @entity130 were falls from staircases and falls in bathrooms. The most severe were @entity130 related to stairs, medical drugs, and hazardous substances. The survey showed that a significant portion of parents do not take precautions to reduce the risk of @entity130 related to staircases, bathroom floor, electric cooker and poisoning with medical drugs. INTERPRETATION: There seems to be a potential for improved use of safety measures against product-related childhood @entity130 . Previous studies have shown that the interventions that are most effective in changing risk behaviour are a combination of legislation, educational campaigns, information to parents on home hazard reduction, and free supply of security equipment.

title: [Home accidents among small XXXX and preventive potential].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The biological significance of occult metastases in axillary lymph nodes of @entity0 @entity1 is controversial. The purpose of the study was to determine the prognostic significance of occult micrometastases using the current American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity0 , of whom 5% received adjuvant systemic therapy and who all had long-term follow-up. We studied a cohort of 214 consecutive histologically @entity0 @entity1 with a median follow-up of 8 years. Blocks of the axillary lymph nodes were assessed for occult micrometastases by examination of an additional @entity1710 - @entity1711 -stained slide and by immunohistochemical staining using an antibody to low molecular weight keratin. Occult metastases were classified according to the sixth edition of the AJCC @entity5 staging manual. We examined the prognostic effects of occult micrometastases and other clinicopathologic features on recurrence outside the breast with disease-free interval (DFI) and survival from @entity0 with @entity66 ( @entity66 ). Cytokeratin-positive @entity5 cells were identified in the lymph nodes in 29 of 214 cases (14%). Two cases had @entity5 cells and no cluster larger than 0.2 mm [pN0(i+)], whereas 27 of 214 (13%) had micrometastases (larger than 0.2 mm and <or=2.0 mm] (pN1mi). None of the cases had macrometastases. With median 8 years follow-up, occult micrometastases were not significantly associated with any of the clinicopathologic features. In addition, occult micrometastases were not significantly associated with DFI or @entity66 and thus were not included in the multivariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, lymphovascular invasion was significantly associated with DFI (p < 0.001) and @entity66 (p = 0.02), whereas percentage S-phase was significantly associated with @entity66 (p = 0.02). This study, in which 95% of @entity1 did not receive adjuvant systemic therapy, suggests that @entity0 @entity1 with occult micrometastases in axillary lymph nodes have a similar prognosis to those with no micrometastases. This information is important with regard to the practice of sentinel node biopsy and subsequent axillary node dissection and to the decision to administer adjuvant therapy based on detection of micrometastases in lymph nodes.

title: Biological significance of occult micrometastases in histologically negative axillary lymph nodes in @entity0 @entity1 using the recent American Joint Committee on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['node-negative breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'disease-specific survival']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'isolated tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer breast cancer staging system']


abstract: We have isolated @entity526 transcription complexes, paused in the presence and absence of Nus A, which contain RNA substituted at every UMP residue with a photocrosslinking @entity377 analog. The pause site is immediately downstream from an RNA stem-loop structure, and although pausing occurs in the absence of Nus A, it is substantially enhanced in the presence of Nus A. We have analyzed the secondary structure of this RNA and show that the analog does not interfere with the formation of the normal stem-loop structures. Additionally, the analog substrate does not alter transcriptional pausing, in the presence or absence of Nus A, indicating that Nus A recognition of the transcription complex is not affected by the presence of the crosslinking groups in the RNA. Ribonuclease digestion of the RNA in paused complexes identifies two accessible regions, two @entity2036 in the loop and one near the base of the upstream side of the stem-loop. Cleavage at one loop @entity377 is enhanced by Nus A, while the @entity377 near the base of the stem-loop is partially protected. Upon irradiation of the transcription complex, Nus A is not photoaffinity labeled by the RNA, even at a high molar ration to RNA polymerase (250:1). Both the beta and beta' subunits are labeled, however, indicating that the putative stem-loop binding domain on the core polymerase involves both subunits. Because the @entity377 protected from ribonuclease by Nus A is very near two analogs, yet Nus A is not crosslinked to the RNA, it is unlikely that Nus A could be protecting this position through direct contact. Furthermore, analog is substituted at positions in both the loop and at several positions in the stem, and again, no crosslinking to Nus A is observed. We conclude that enhancement of pausing by Nus A probably does not require direct interaction with the bases in the RNA stem-loop.

title: RNA-protein interactions in a Nus A-containing XXXX transcription complex paused at an RNA hairpin.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of @entity341 ( @entity341 ) principally involves maintaining effective @entity1 flow and care. Different triage models are used today to achieve these two goals. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of different triage models used in three Swedish @entity341 . Using efficiency and quality indicators, we compared the following triage models: physician-led team triage, nurse first/emergency physician second, and nurse first/junior physician second. METHODS: All data of @entity1 arriving at the three @entity341 between 08:00- and 21:00 throughout 2008 were collected and merged into a database. The following efficiency indicators were measured: length of stay (LOS) including time to physician, time from physician to discharge, and 4-hour turnover rate. The following quality indicators were measured: rate of @entity1 left before treatment was completed, unscheduled return within 24 and 72   hours, and mortality rate within 7 and 30   days. RESULTS: Data from 147,579 @entity1 were analysed. The median length of stay was 158   minutes for physician-led team triage, compared with 243 and 197   minutes for nurse/emergency physician and nurse/junior physician triage, respectively (p   <   0.001). The rate of @entity1 left before treatment was completed was 3.1% for physician-led team triage, 5.3% for nurse/emergency physician, and 9.6% for nurse/junior physician triage (p   <   0.001). Further, the rates of unscheduled return within 24   hours were significantly lower for physician-led team triage, 1.0%, compared with 2.1%, and 2.5% for nurse/emergency physician, and nurse/junior physician, respectively (p   <   0.001). The mortality rate within 7   days was 0.8% for physician-led team triage and 1.0% for the two other triage models (p   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Physician-led team triage seemed advantageous, both expressed as efficiency and quality indicators, compared with the two other models.

title: Physician-led team triage based on lean principles may be superior for efficiency and quality? A comparison of three XXXX with different triage models.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency departments', 'EDs']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency departments']


abstract: PURPOSE: The contents of umbilical or paraumbilical herniae are usually omentum or bowel; rarely, metastatic deposits, appendix epiploicae, or an inflamed vermiform appendix may be found. Unexpected contents cause @entity911 in the diagnosis, especially when inflamed, and may mimic a strangulated @entity14147 . @entity698 in the hernial sac is known in inguinal and femoral herniae; however, only four reported cases of @entity698 within an @entity14147 could be identified. CASE: A 54-year-old female presented to the emergency with a 2-day history of @entity391 , severe @entity158 and irreducibility of a @entity4 . On examination, we found @entity591 , with a tender, erythematous and irreducible @entity4 . With a diagnosis of strangulated @entity547 , the abdomen was explored through an infraumbilical incision. Opening the sac revealed inflammatory fluid, omentum, and an inflamed and @entity4 . Appendicectomy was performed with anatomical double-breasted repair of the @entity4438 . Histopathological examination of the specimen revealed @entity697 , periappendicitis and @entity3139 in the omentum. CONCLUSION: @entity32 inside a @entity547 sac is probably due to extrinsic compression and partial @entity63 . Symptoms manifest late, and the final diagnosis is mostly made during the operation. CT scan provides only indirect clues to diagnosis. Appendicectomy and anatomical repair is the appropriate treatment for @entity698 within a @entity547 .

title: XXXX in @entity547 mimicking strangulation: a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Appendiceal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['Appendicitis', 'appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity4438 :: ('MESH:C563219', 'Disease') :: ['fascial defect']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous appendix', 'paraumbilical swelling']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'paraumbilical hernia']

entities_list: @entity3139 :: ('MESH:D015434', 'Disease') :: ['panniculitis']

entities_list: @entity14147 :: ('MESH:D006554', 'Disease') :: ['umbilical hernia']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['Appendicitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We describe variations across the regional @entity5 centres in Ontario, Canada for five @entity263 radiotherapy (RT) quality indicators: incomplete pre-treatment assessment, follow-up care, leg immobilization, @entity1494 , and portal film target localization. Along with @entity5 centre volume, we examined each indicator's association with relevant outcomes: long-term cause-specific survival, @entity322 , and gastrointestinal and genitourinary late morbidities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of 924 @entity263 @entity1 diagnosed between 1990 and 1998 who received RT within 9 months of diagnosis. Data sources included treating charts and registry and administrative data. The associations between indicators and outcomes were analysed using regression techniques to control for potential confounders. RESULTS: Practice patterns varied across the regional @entity5 centres for all indicators (p<0.0001). Incomplete pre-treatment assessment was associated with worse cause-specific survival although this result was not significant when adjusted for confounding (adjusted RR=1.78, 95% CI=0.79-3.98). Treatment without leg immobilization (adjusted RR=1.72, 95% CI=1.16-2.56) and with an empty bladder (adjusted RR=1.98, 95% CI=1.08-3.63) was associated with genitourinary late morbidities. Treatment without leg immobilization was also associated with @entity322 (adjusted RR=2.18, 95% CI=1.23-3.87). CONCLUSIONS: We documented wide variations in practice patterns. We demonstrated that measures of quality of care can be shown to be associated with clinically relevant outcomes in a population-based sample of @entity263 @entity1 .

title: Quality of care indicators and their related outcomes: a population-based study in @entity263 XXXX treated with radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder filling']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Influenza-like illnesses (ILI) are estimated to cause millions of deaths annually. Despite this disease burden, the etiologic causes of ILI are poorly described for many geographical regions. METHODS: Beginning in April 2010, we conducted an observational cohort study at five hospitals in Mexico City, enrolling subjects who met the criteria for ILI. Evaluations were conducted at enrollment and on day 28, with the collection of clinical data and a nasopharyngeal swab (or nasal aspirate in @entity1 ). Swabs were tested by multiplex PCR for 15 viral pathogens and real-time PCR for @entity683 . RESULTS: During the first year, 1065 subjects were enrolled in this study, 55% of whom were hospitalized; 24% of all subjects were @entity1 . One or more pathogens were detected by PCR in 64% of subjects, most commonly rhinovirus (25% of all isolates) and @entity683 (24% of isolates). Six percent of subjects died, and of those, 54% had no pathogen identified. Rhinovirus was the most common pathogen among those who died, although it did not have the highest case fatality rate. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple respiratory viruses beyond @entity683 are associated with significant morbidity and mortality among adults and @entity1 in Mexico City. Detection of these agents could be useful for the adjustment of antibiotic treatment in severe cases.

title: Clinical characteristics and outcomes of XXXX and other @entity683 -like illnesses in Mexico City.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: Dietary carotenoids are associated with a reduced risk of @entity102 . Raw food diets are predominantly plant-based diets that are practised with the intention of preventing @entity102 by virtue of their high content of beneficial nutritive substances such as carotenoids. However, the benefit of a long-term adherence to these diets is controversial since little is known about their adequacy. Therefore, we investigated @entity904 and carotenoid status and related food sources in raw food diet adherents in Germany. Dietary @entity904 , carotenoid intake, plasma @entity904 and plasma carotenoids were determined in 198 (ninety-two male and 106 female) strict raw food diet adherents in a cross-sectional study. Raw food diet adherents consumed on average 95 weight% of their total food intake as raw food (approximately 1800 g/d), mainly fruits. Raw food diet adherents had an intake of 1301 @entity904 activity equivalents/d and 16.7 mg/d carotenoids. Plasma @entity904 status was normal in 82% of the subjects (> or = 1.05 micromol/l) and 63% had @entity2066 concentrations associated with @entity102 prevention (> or = 0.88 micromol/l). In 77% of subjects the @entity14319 status was below the reference values for average healthy populations (< 0.45 micromol/l). Fat contained in fruits, vegetables and nuts and oil consumption was a significant dietary determinant of plasma carotenoid concentrations ( @entity2066 r 0.284; P < 0.05; @entity14319 r 0.168; P = 0.024). Long-term raw food diet adherents showed normal @entity904 status and achieve favourable plasma @entity2066 concentrations as recommended for @entity102 prevention, but showed low plasma @entity14319 levels. Plasma carotenoids in raw food adherents are predicted mainly by fat intake.

title: Long-term strict raw food diet is associated with favourable plasma XXXX and low plasma @entity14319 concentrations in Germans.

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A', 'retinol']

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease', 'chronic diseases']

answer: @entity2066 :: (MESH:D019207,Chemical) :: ['beta-carotene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies of host preference patterns in blood-feeding anopheline mosquitoes are crucial to incriminating @entity311 vectors. However, little information is available on host preferences of Anopheles mosquitoes in @entity3595 Lanka. METHODS: Adult Anopheles mosquitoes were collected from five selected sentinel sites in Trincomalee District during June-September 2011. Each blood-fed mosquito was processed on filter papers. DNA was extracted using the dried blood meal protocol of the QIAmp DNA mini kit. A multiplexed, real-time PCR assay targeting eight animals was developed for two panels to identify the host meal of Anopheles. @entity1 blood index (HBI), forage ratio (FR) and host feeding index (HFI) were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 280 field-caught, freshly engorged female mosquitoes belonging to 12 anopheline species were analysed. The overall HBI and HFI in the present study were low indicating that @entity1 were not the preferred host for the tested anopheline species. Nevertheless, a small proportion engorged Anopheles aconitus, @entity38243 , Anopheles barbirostris, Anopheles annularis, Anopheles subpictus, Anopheles peditaeniatus, Anopheles pseudojamesi, and Anopheles barbumbrosus contained @entity1 blood. CONCLUSION: The presence of @entity1 blood in mosquito species indicates the possibility of them transmitting @entity311 . Further studies on vector competence are needed to determine the role of each of the above anopheline species as efficient vectors of @entity311 .

title: Determination of the foraging behaviour and blood meal source of @entity311 vector mosquitoes in Trincomalee District of XXXX Lanka using a multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction assay.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity38243 :: ('139723', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles culicifacies']

answer: @entity3595 :: (6717,Gene) :: ['Sri']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is common in @entity5 . We aimed to identify nutritional prognostic factors and survival outcomes associated with nutritional intervention in the SCOPE1 (Study of Chemoradiotherapy in @entity5 with or without Erbitux) trial. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty eight @entity1 were randomly allocated to definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) +/- cetuximab. Nutritional Risk Index (NRI) scores were calculated; NRI<100 identified @entity1 at risk of @entity3147 . Nutritional intervention included dietary advice, oral supplementation or major intervention (enteral feeding/tube placement). Univariable and multivariable analyses using Cox proportional hazard modelling were conducted. RESULTS: At baseline NRI<100 strongly predicted for reduced overall survival (hazard ratio (HR) 12.45, 95% CI 5.24-29.57; P<0.001). Nutritional intervention improved survival if provided at baseline (dietary advice (HR 0.12, P=0.004), oral supplementation (HR 0.13, P<0.001) or major intervention (HR 0.13, P=0.003)), but not if provided later in the treatment course. Cetuximab @entity1 receiving major nutritional intervention had worse outcomes compared with controls (13 vs 28 months, P=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Pre-treatment assessment and correction of @entity3147 may improve survival outcomes in @entity5 @entity1 treated with dCRT. Nutritional Risk Index is a simple and objective screening tool to identify @entity1 at risk of @entity5 (2016) 0, 1-6. doi:10.1038/bjc.2016.129 www.bjcancer.com.

title: Role of nutritional status and intervention in XXXX treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy: outcomes from SCOPE1.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer', 'OesoPhageal Cancer', 'malnutrition.British Journal of Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oesophageal cancer']


abstract: Today lumbar @entity612 can stand on its own as a clinical entity that can be radiologically and clinically divided into central and lateral stenosis. @entity850 is a special form of the latter. During the period 1990-1991 we operated on 148 @entity1 for @entity612 . Using a standardized questionnaire, 109 @entity1 were evaluated on their @entity158 and gait status 3 years after the operation. @entity1 with previously known spondylolisthesis or degenerative instability were excluded from the study. Forty-four out of 109 @entity1 were free of @entity158 , while significant reduction of @entity158 was noted in 35/109 @entity1 . In 19 @entity1 , the @entity158 remained the same or worsened postoperatively. Seventy-four out of the 109 @entity1 had no gait disturbances, whereas only 14/109 worsened postoperatively. Six @entity1 could walk with support and seven @entity1 were unable to walk because of other disturbances. Because of unclear responses, the status of the remaining @entity1 could not be completely evaluated in either group.

title: [Lumbar XXXX and its surgical treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Foraminal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

answer: @entity612 :: (MESH:D013130,Disease) :: ['spinal stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare two different expandable electrodes in radiofrequency ablation of @entity1358 . METHODS: Percutaneous ablation was performed at two centers using either an expandable 7F umbrella-shaped LeVeen probe (diameter 2-4 cm) and a 200-W generator (group A), or an expandable Starburst XL electrode with a 150-W generator (group B). From each center, eight @entity1 with one @entity5 each were matched retrospectively with regard to @entity5 volume, which was 9.71+/-6.43 cm3 for group A and 8.74+/-4.35 cm3 for group B (mean @entity5 diameter: 2.47+/-0.9 cm versus 2.50+/-0.4 cm, respectively). An unpaired t-test showed no significant difference in @entity5 volume between the two groups (p=0.820). RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 with 16 @entity5 were treated. The primary technical success of radiofrequency ablation was 94% (15 of 16 @entity1 ). After retreatment of @entity41 in one @entity1 from group B, secondary technical success was 100%. No major complications were observed. The resulting mean volume of the almost spherical necroses was 21.1+/-9.1 cm3 versus 14.6+/-6.7 cm3 for groups A and B (diameter of @entity39 : 3.5+/-0.7 cm versus 3.1+/-0.6 cm, respectively). A Mann-Whitney U-test showed no significant difference in @entity39 volume between the two groups (CI [-0.215; 0.471]; p=0.2892). The calculated shape value of S (ratio of length to height of the coagulation @entity39 ) was 0.9+/-0.1 and 1.0+/-0.1 for groups A and B, respectively. No local recurrence was observed during a mean follow-up of 14.8+/-11.6 months, while extrarenal @entity5 progression occurred in three @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences in coagulation volume and shape were found after RF ablation of @entity1358 using two different expandable electrodes. To avoid local recurrence, however, accurate placement of probes and appropriate expansion of the electrode is necessary.

title: Comparison of expandable electrodes in percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: Root elongation and root hair formation are important in nutrient absorption. We found that two @entity958 ( @entity958 ) phospholipase Ds (PLDs), @entity45314 and @entity45315 , were involved in root elongation during @entity1391 limitation. @entity45314 and @entity45315 are structurally different from the majority of plant PLDs by having phox and pleckstrin homology domains. Both PLDzetas were expressed more in roots than in other tissues. It was reported previously that inducible suppression or inducible overexpression of @entity45314 affected root hair patterning. However, gene knockouts of @entity45314 , @entity45315 , or the double knockout of @entity45314 and @entity45315 showed no effect on root hair formation. The expression of PLDzetas increased in response to @entity1391 limitation. The elongation of primary roots in @entity45314 and @entity45315 double knockout mutants was slower than that of wild type and single knockout mutants. The loss of @entity45315 , but not @entity45314 , led to a decreased accumulation of @entity8558 in roots under @entity1391 -limited conditions. These results indicate that @entity45314 and @entity45315 play a role in regulating root development in response to nutrient limitation.

title: Double knockouts of phospholipases Dzeta1 and Dzeta2 in @entity958 affect root elongation during XXXX -limited growth but do not affect root hair patterning.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity8558 :: ('MESH:D010712', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity1391 :: (CHEBI:26020,Chemical) :: ['phosphate']


abstract: While several authors have suggested that high-frequency electroencephalogram activity (gamma, >30 Hz) correlates with conscious thought, others have suggested that electroencephalogram activity >30 Hz shows the same relationships to cognitive activity and sleep as activity in the conventional beta frequency band. The existence of coherence of gamma over large distances also remains controversial. We studied quantitatively the relationship of gamma activity to the sleep-wake cycle and cognitive tasks during wakefulness in @entity1 using intracranial electroencephalogram. Gamma activity made up less than 1% of the total power spectrum. A significant relationship was observed between gamma activity and the sleep-wake cycle such that gamma was highest during wakefulness, intermediate during light and rapid eye @entity10522 , and lowest during slow-wave sleep. As well, gamma was higher during rapid eye @entity10522 with eye movements than during rapid eye @entity10522 without eye movements. During a cognitive task experiment, while lower frequencies, including beta, showed a stepwise reduction with increasing task difficulty, gamma was observed to increase during cognitive tasks as compared to the resting state. The relationship between gamma and the sleep-wake cycle and cognitive tasks was independent of brain region and hemisphere. Coherence of gamma activity at distances of 5 mm and greater was not observed. Our data support previously reported findings that gamma activity has a significant relationship to the sleep-wake cycle. The findings of differences in gamma during REM sleep with and without eye movements suggest that the presence or @entity1319 may reflect two different states of brain activity. Our findings of differences in the relationships of the beta and gamma bands to both the sleep-wake cycle and cognitive tasks demonstrate that various components of the high-frequency spectrum behave differently in some situations.

title: Correlation of high-frequency oscillations with the sleep-wake cycle and cognitive activity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10522 :: ('MESH:D020189', 'Disease') :: ['movement sleep']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['absence of eye movements']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']