abstract: BACKGROUND: Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) contribute to joint @entity32 and damage characteristic of the disease. @entity309 express @entity4030 (BK, @entity4030 , @entity4030 , @entity4030 ) as their major plasma membrane @entity972 channel. Blocking @entity4030 reduces the invasive phenotype of @entity309 and @entity536 severity in animal models of @entity309 . This channel has therefore emerged as a promising therapeutic target in @entity309 . However, the pore-forming a subunit of @entity4030 is widely distributed in the body, and blocking it induces severe side effects, thus limiting its value as a therapeutic target. On the other hand, @entity4030 channels can also contain different accessory subunits with restricted tissue distribution that regulate channel kinetics and pharmacology. Identification of the regulatory subunits of @entity4030 expressed by @entity309 may therefore provide the opportunity for generating a selective target for @entity309 treatment. METHODS: Highly invasive @entity309 were isolated from @entity1 with @entity309 , and FLS from @entity1 with @entity571 ( @entity571 ) were used as minimally invasive controls. The b subunit expression by FLS was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions, Western blotting, and patch-clamp electrophysiology combined with pharmacological agents. FLS were sorted by flow cytometry on the basis of their @entity1759 expression level for comparison of their invasiveness and with their expression of @entity4030 a and b subunits. @entity38394 subunit expression was reduced with small interfering RNA (siRNA) to assess their specific role in @entity4030 a expression and function and in FLS invasiveness. RESULTS: We identified functional @entity12950 regulatory subunits in @entity309 . @entity4030 b3b subunits were expressed by 70  % of the cells and were associated with highly invasive @entity1759 (high) @entity309 , whereas minimally invasive @entity1759 (low) @entity309 and @entity571 -FLS expressed either b1 subunit. Furthermore, we found that silencing the b3 but not the b1 subunit with siRNA reduced @entity4030 channel density at the plasma membrane of @entity309 and inhibited @entity309 invasiveness. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest the @entity4030 channel composed of a and b3b subunits as an attractive target for the therapy of @entity309 .

title: Different expression of b subunits of the @entity4030 channel by invasive and non-invasive XXXX fibroblast-like synoviocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['attenuates disease']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA', 'RA-FLS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Alpha-amylase are of considerable commercial value. It can be produced by a wide variety of microorganisma. The alpha-amylase gene (amyE) from @entity10948 , which is widely used for the industrial hydrolysis of starch, was mutated (amyEM), then amplified by PCR and inserted into pBV220 and pPIC9k to obtain the recombinant vector pBV220-amyEM and pPIC9k-amyEM. These recombinant vectors were transformed into corresponding competent cell @entity27600 alpha and @entity10101 respectively. The resulting recombinant strains, DH5alpha/pBV220-amyEM and @entity10101 / pPIC9k-amyEM, were then screened by measuring the enzymatic activity and @entity214 -PAGE. DH5alpha/pBV220-amyEM was induced by temperature and @entity10101 /pPIC9k-amyEM by @entity1042 . In contrast to the parent cells, the a-amylases were expressed in both the recombinant strains. In @entity526 the molecular weight was approximately 55kDa; optimal temperature and pH of the recombinant a-amylase were 80 degrees C - 90 degrees C and 6.0 respectively. The recombinant amylase had high activity in pH 5.0 - 5.5 compared to wild type. In @entity10056 , the recombinant amylase was secreted to the medium; molecular weight was 60kDa for the putative post-translational modifications; optimal pH shifted to 5.5. The specific activities of alpha-amylase produced by @entity526 and @entity10056 were 8.1U/mg and 102U/mg respectively. This result indicated that the alpha-amylase were secreted into the culture medium with high efficiency in the recombinant @entity10056 High activity in high temperature and lower pH properties impart the recombinant amylase potential applications in industry.

title: [Expression of a thermostable a-amylase mutant into @entity526 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity10948 :: ('1402', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus licheniformis']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity10056 :: ('4922', 'Species') :: ['Pichia pastoris', 'P. pastoris']

answer: @entity10056 :: (4922,Species) :: ['Pichia pastoris']


abstract: Therapeutic drug monitoring of @entity5197 Ctrough levels was carried out in the setting of the @entity5197 Switch for @entity137 or Adverse events (RASTA) trial, a randomized pilot study exploring a 48-week safety and efficacy of treatment switch to @entity5197 associated with @entity15833 / @entity15832 or @entity22208 / @entity16332 in @entity1 with regimens with optimal virologic control. Blood sampling for measurement of @entity5197 plasma levels was carried out at weeks 4, 12, 24, 36 and 48. Plasma samples were analysed by a recently developed and validated UPLC-MS method. A total of 164 samples from 39 @entity1 were assayed. Analysis for intra- and inter-subject variability was restricted to those @entity1 with 4 or more determinations, including 30 @entity1 and 142 determinations. The intra- and inter-subject variability measures were 85.9 and 124.6%, respectively, with an intra-/inter-subject variability ratio of 69%. We also analysed data from a subset of @entity1 with well-documented adherence to protocol, defined as protocol compliant population, including 21 @entity1 and 93 determinations. In this subpopulation, we estimated intra- and inter-subject variability of 79.87% and 110%, respectively, with an intra-/inter-subject variability ratio of 72.6%. This study confirms the notion that @entity5197 is a highly variable drug according to the European Medicines Agency criteria. While this condition does not favour the adoption of therapeutic drug monitoring in the clinical practice, the latter is deemed useful in @entity1 with drug plasma concentrations below or near the threshold level of efficacy (since intracellular @entity5197 levels might be as low as 5% of the corresponding plasma levels), or to identify drug-drug interactions of potential clinical relevance.

title: Variability of XXXX plasma levels in the clinical setting.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity15832 :: ('MESH:C122114', 'Chemical') :: ['emtricitabine']

entities_list: @entity15833 :: ('MESH:C096918', 'Chemical') :: ['tenofovir']

entities_list: @entity5197 :: ('MESH:C507898', 'Chemical') :: ['raltegravir', 'Raltegravir']

answer: @entity5197 :: (MESH:C507898,Chemical) :: ['raltegravir']


abstract: A surgical technique designed for safe and easy access to the popliteal vessels, resection of a large segment of the tibia and knee joint, and a method of patellar/extensor mechanism reconstruction and soft-tissue coverage that utilizes a transferred medial gastrocnemius muscle is reported. Eleven @entity1 have been treated with this technique, including seven @entity1 with a minimum follow-up evaluation of two years (average, 49.5 months; range, 24.6-84.4 months). There were five males and two females, with an average age of 28.7 years. The histologic diagnoses were @entity421 , four @entity1 ; malignant @entity82 , one @entity1 ; @entity511 , one @entity1 ; and poorly differentiated @entity242 , one @entity1 . The surgical stages were Stage IIA, one @entity1 , and IIB, six @entity1 . Six intraarticular resections and one extraarticular resection were performed; all were classified as wide excisions. Four prosthetic replacements and three arthrodeses were performed. Pathological specimens showed meniscal and patellar tendon involvement in two @entity1 and pericapsular tibiofibular joint involvement in six @entity1 . Local complications were transient @entity3030 in four @entity1 and superficial skin slough in one @entity1 . All resections obtained negative margins, and there was no local recurrence or @entity3 . Functional results ( @entity85 Society System classification) were excellent in one @entity1 , good in four, fair in one, and poor in one. Limb-sparing surgery for high-grade @entity5 of the proximal tibia is recommended for carefully selected @entity1 .

title: Limb-sparing surgery for high-grade XXXX of the proximal tibia. Surgical technique and a method of extensor mechanism reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3030 :: ('MESH:D020427', 'Disease') :: ['peroneal nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Musculoskeletal Tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is a common disease, especially in subfertile @entity1 . The most common location is in the pelvis, but extragenital locations are also possible. This far less common condition has been described in almost all tissues in the body. Symptoms occurring cyclically are characteristic of @entity46 . CASE DESCRIPTION: A 37-year-old @entity1 was discovered by chance to have @entity843 and @entity1143 . She had no symptoms of this. Thoracoscopy showed an image consistent with @entity46 . After initial drug therapy was unsuccessful, surgical intervention was performed. CONCLUSION: @entity46 is a rare disease, in which the cyclical nature of the symptoms often leads to correct diagnosis. Drug therapy is the preferred treatment for @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX with aspecific manifestation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic endometriosis', 'thoracic endometriosis', 'endometriosis']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['Thoracic endometriosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Orthopaedic procedures have been reported to have the highest incidence of @entity158 compared to other types of operations. There are limited studies in the literature that investigate @entity282 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study of 98 @entity1 undergoing orthopedic foot and ankle operations was undertaken to evaluate their @entity158 experience. A Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) was administered preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS: The results showed that @entity1 who experienced @entity158 before the operation anticipated feeling higher @entity158 intensity immediately postoperatively. @entity1 , on average, experienced higher @entity158 intensity 3 days after the operation than anticipated. The @entity282 intensity at 3 days was the most severe, while @entity282 intensity at 6 weeks was the least severe. Age, gender and preoperative diagnosis (acute versus chronic) did not have a significant effect on the severity of @entity158 that @entity1 experienced. Six weeks following the operation, the majority of @entity1 felt no @entity158 . In addition, the severity of @entity158 was highly predictive of their anticipated @entity282 and 6-week @entity282 , and both @entity158 and anticipated @entity158 predict higher immediate @entity282 . CONCLUSION: The intensity of @entity1 ' @entity158 was predictive of the anticipated @entity282 . @entity1 ' @entity158 and anticipated @entity282 were independently predictive of the 3-day @entity282 . The higher @entity158 intensity a @entity1 experienced preoperatively suggested that their @entity282 severity would be greater. Therefore, surgeons should be aware of these findings when treating @entity282 after orthopaedic foot and ankle operations.

title: XXXX following foot and ankle surgery: a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'preoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['Postoperative pain']


abstract: @entity1 with polycethemia vera (PV) or @entity4407 ( @entity4407 ) are at increased risk of arterial and venous @entity1031 . Arterial @entity63 complications occur in 24 to 43% of these @entity1 , particularly those with cardiovascular risk factors (especially cigarette smoking). Non-atheromatous @entity715 concerns all large and medium-sized vessels, particularly cerebral, limb, coronary and digestive arteries. Extensive complications have been described in @entity1 with @entity4065 , particularly stent or bypass @entity715 , critical @entity63 . Juvenile @entity583 or rapid postangioplasty coronary @entity715 may @entity6961 , particularly @entity4407 . @entity49 is more frequent in PV than in @entity4407 ; superficial or deep venous @entity715 are seen. @entity1031 events occur in about 25-30% of the @entity1 and account for one-third of the deaths. @entity715 , portal @entity715 , or suprahepatic @entity715 may occur in all @entity6961 , but the pathogenesis is not fully understood. @entity120 may be the consequence of local @entity715 in the pulmonary vasculature or may be due to the high blood flow in the right heart cavities. Microvascular circulatory disturbance includes @entity8249 , @entity2407 , digital @entity63 , acrocyanosis, @entity9971 , @entity12288 , cutaneous @entity1066 . All these manifestations may precede the @entity6961 by several months.

title: [What vascular events suggest a XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4065 :: ('MESH:C537440', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb occlusive arteriopathy']

entities_list: @entity8249 :: ('MESH:D004916', 'Disease') :: ['erythromelalgia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity6961 :: ('MESH:D009196', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disorder', 'myeloproliferative disorders', 'reveal certain myeloproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcers or necrotic purpura']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon"]

entities_list: @entity9971 :: ('MESH:D018438', 'Disease') :: ['blue toe syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['Thromboembolic', 'thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity4407 :: ('MESH:D013920', 'Disease') :: ['essential thrombocythemia', 'ET']

entities_list: @entity12288 :: ('MESH:D054068', 'Disease') :: ['livedo reticularis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses', 'arterial thrombosis', 'Mesenteric vein thrombosis', 'thrombosis', 'vein thrombosis']

answer: @entity6961 :: (MESH:D009196,Disease) :: ['myeloproliferative disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The oldest old represent the fastest-growing segment of the elderly population in developed countries. Knowledge of age-specific aspects of @entity64 is essential to establish diagnostic and therapeutic pathways and to set up prevention and rehabilitation programs. We sought to evaluate @entity64 features and functional outcome in @entity1 aged >/=80 years compared with the younger age groups. METHODS: In a European Union Concerted Action involving 7 countries, 4499 @entity1 hospitalized for first-in-a-lifetime @entity64 were evaluated for demographics, risk factors, clinical presentation, resource use, and 3-month disability (Barthel Index) and handicap (Rankin Scale). RESULTS: Overall, 3141 @entity1 (69.8%) were aged <80 years, and 1358 (30.2%) were aged >/=80 years. At baseline, female sex, prestroke institutionalization, and a worse prestroke Rankin score were significantly more frequent in the older @entity1 , as were @entity772 , @entity912 , swallowing problems, and @entity322 in the acute phase (all P values <0.001). Brain imaging and other diagnostic tools were significantly less used in the older @entity1 . Paralysis, swallowing problems, and @entity322 during hospitalization independently predicted 3-month disability or handicap in both groups. For the older @entity1 , prestroke institutionalization proved a further strong and independent determinant of 3-month disability (odds ratio, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.22 to 4.45) and handicap (odds ratio, 7.04; 95% CI, 1.62 to 30. 69). CONCLUSIONS: In the very old, both medical and sociodemographic factors may significantly influence @entity64 outcome, showing peculiar characteristics. Knowledge of these determinants may reduce the burden on health systems, improving quality of care.

title: XXXX in the very old : clinical presentation and determinants of 3-month functional outcome: A European perspective. European BIOMED Study of @entity64 Care Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: METHODS: From January 1980 to December 1993, 52 @entity1 underwent surgical-resection for @entity5 involving the sternum. The series included 20 primary @entity5 , 4 @entity765 , 2 @entity5 infiltrating the sternum from adjacent organs, 19 local recurrences or @entity3 of @entity0 , and 7 @entity3 of other @entity5 . Total sternectomy was performed in 5 @entity1 , subtotal sternal resection in 19, and partial resection (less than 50% of the sternum) in 28. Concurrent en bloc resection included anterior ribs in 37 @entity1 , clavicle in 11, lung in 12 @entity1 , pericardium in 7, and diaphragm in 2. The chest was reconstructed with prosthetic material and a myocutaneous flap in 26 @entity1 (50%), prosthetic material only in 12 @entity1 (23%), a myocutaneous flap in 5 @entity1 (10%), and other techniques in the remaining @entity1 . In 47 @entity1 (90%) the resection was radical, and in the remaining 5 @entity1 it was palliative. RESULTS: No perioperative @entity204 occurred. After a median follow-up of 39 months, the overall 3-year survival was 58% and the 5-year survival 46%, with a median survival of 50 months. In 24 @entity1 with @entity5 the 5-year survival after radical resection was 63%, and in 23 @entity1 with secondary invasion (direct extension or @entity3 ) the 5-year survival was 38% (median 35 months). In recurrent @entity0 the 5-year survival was 48% in @entity1 with direct extension to the chest wall and 60% in @entity1 with distant bone @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Our experience demonstrates that sternal resection is a safe and effective treatment, which may improve the @entity1 's quality of life and achieve a long-term survival not only in @entity5 but also in selected secondary @entity5 of the sternum.

title: Sternal resection for primary or secondary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'primary tumors', 'malignant tumors', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['desmoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE. Severity of @entity656 ( @entity656 ) can vary from a mild to a fulminant disease with high morbidity and mortality. Cost analysis has, however, hitherto been sparse. The aim of this study was to calculate the cost of @entity656 , both including hospital costs and costs due to loss of production. MATERIAL AND METHODS. All adult @entity1 treated at Skane University Hospital, Lund, during 2009-2010, were included. A severity grading was conducted and cost analysis was performed on an individual basis. RESULTS. Two hundred and fifty-two @entity1 with altogether 307 admissions were identified. Mean age was 60    19 years, and 121 @entity1 (48%) were @entity1 . @entity656 ( @entity656 ) was diagnosed in 38 @entity1 (12%). Thirteen @entity1 (5%) died. Acute @entity788 was more costly than @entity167 induced @entity656 (p < 0.001). Total costs for treating mild @entity656 (MAP) in @entity1  <=65 years old was lower (p = 0.001) and costs for @entity656 was higher (p = 0.024), as compared to older @entity1 . The overall hospital cost and cost for loss of production was per @entity1 in mean    5,100    2,400 for MAP and    28,200    38,100 for @entity656 (p < 0.001). The costs for treating @entity656 during the two-year-long study period were in mean    9,762    19,778 per @entity1 . Extrapolated to a national perspective, the annual financial burden for @entity656 in Sweden would be    38,500,000; corresponding to    4,100,000 per million inhabitants. CONCLUSIONS. The costs of treating @entity656 are high, especially in severe cases with a long ICU stay. These results highlight the need to optimize care and continue the identification and focus on @entity656 , in order to try to limit organ failure and infectious complications.

title: Acute XXXX --costs for healthcare and loss of production.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['biliary pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['SAP', 'Severe AP', 'AP', 'acute pancreatitis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: To determine whether salivary amylase of premature @entity1 can function as a surrogate for pancreatic amylase, we evaluated its production in the @entity1 , acid resistance, and hydrolytic potency in a simulated oropharyngeal, gastric, and intestinal environment. The activity of salivary amylase in 11 prematures varied between 1 and 33 U/ml; the isozymic profile and acid resistance of the premature salivary amylase were identical to those of the enzyme of adults. A "modular" formula containing 7 g/dl of a @entity3209 labeled long chain @entity413 polymer with degrees of polymerization ranging between 18 and 29 @entity413 units was prepared. Salivary amylase, 1.1 U/ml, was added to this formula. The progressive breakdown of the @entity3209 polymers as the milk was subjected to oropharyngeal, gastric, and intestinal phase environments was evaluated by quantifying the liberation of short-chain oligomers from the @entity3209 labeled substrates. The gastric pH was varied between 2 and 5 and the gastric incubation time was either 5 or 180 min. Substantial gastric phase breakdown only occurred after 3 h of exposure at the higher pHs of 4 (12%) and 5 (32%). During the intestinal phase, salivary amylase activity resumed. Prior gastric phase pH affected ultimate intestinal phase breakdown, p less than 0.001; after 5-min gastric phases at pHs ranging from 2 to 5, the intestinal phase breakdown ranged from 17 to 55%. We conclude that the limited salivary amylase in the saliva of premature @entity1 can produce significant @entity413 polymer digestion in both the stomach and small intestine but the digestion falls substantially short of that accomplished by usual concentrations of pancreatic amylase.

title: The contribution of salivary amylase to @entity413 polymer hydrolysis in premature XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study of 78 @entity1 with right thoracic @entity2112 was done. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the reliability of the integrated Shape Imaging System scan (Oxford Metrics Ltd, Oxford, UK) in detecting progression of @entity1635 and the use of back shape data in predicting @entity1635 progression. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: At first presentation and every 3-6 months during the follow-up period, all @entity1 underwent integrated Shape Imaging System scans and radiographic examinations, from which the Cobb angle was measured. The follow-up period was 18-49 months (mean = 31.4 months). METHODS: @entity1 were divided into three groups according to the severity and progression of the Cobb angle. The spinal fusion, brace, and observation groups were compared using analysis of variance and the student's t test to detect significant differences among groups in the progression of @entity85 as measured by the integrated Shape Imaging System parameters and the Cobb angle. RESULTS: Three of the Integrated Shape Imaging System parameters detected significant progression in the spinal fusion group 1 year earlier than the Cobb angle. Only one of the Integrated Shape Imaging System parameters detected a significant difference in progression between the brace and observation groups. CONCLUSIONS: The Integrated Shape Imaging System technique demonstrated significant changes in this group of @entity1 with progressive @entity1635 . Serial measurements of back surface shape, particularly the size of the rib hump, may be predictive of progression. Serial Integrated Shape Imaging System scanning has advantages over serial radiography in the management of @entity2112 in addition to the avoidance of exposure to ionizing radiation.

title: Early detection of progression in adolescent XXXX by measurement of changes in back shape with the Integrated Shape Imaging System scanner.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

answer: @entity2112 :: (MESH:C564593,Disease) :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity2856 is currently being targeted in clinical trials in @entity263 . Despite this targeting, there are conflicting data on the presence of this receptor in @entity1 @entity5 samples, largely because of differences in technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the presence of IGF-1 receptor in frozen normal prostate and @entity263 specimens. Clinical and pathologic parameters were correlated with IGF-1 receptor intensity and frequency of staining. Only 2-3+ staining on a scale of 0-3 was considered positive in this evaluation. RESULTS: IGF-1 receptor was expressed in normal prostate epithelium in 6 of 6 @entity1 without @entity5 and in morphologically normal epithelium adjacent to @entity5 cells in 21 of 22 @entity1 with @entity5 studied. IGF-1 receptor was present in the @entity263 epithelium of 28 of 28 @entity5 , 3 of 5 locally recurrent @entity342 -independent @entity5 , and in 4 of 5 metastatic lymph nodes. Stromal staining patterns were positive in 2 of 28 specimens near benign epithelium compared to 19 of 30 specimens of stroma surrounding @entity5 epithelium (P < 0.0001, Fisher exact test). Stroma adjacent to Gleason grade >or=7 @entity5 showed higher intensity staining than that adjacent to lower grade @entity5 (P < 0.001). Expression of the closely related @entity8277 did not show expression in either normal or @entity5 epithelium, or in adjacent stroma. CONCLUSIONS: This study using frozen tissue shows widespread IGF-1 receptor expression in normal prostate, @entity263 , and @entity3 . These data support investigations into IGF-1 receptor as a therapeutic target in @entity263 .

title: Expression of XXXX in local and metastatic @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancers', 'prostate cancer', 'prostate tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8277 :: ('3643', 'Gene') :: ['insulin receptor']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity2856 :: ('3480', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 receptor']

answer: @entity2856 :: (3480,Gene) :: ['insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor']


abstract: @entity16910 infection is a leading cause of abortion in @entity291 worldwide. The pathogenesis of @entity291 neosporosis, particularly during the second term of gestation when most abortions occur in naturally infected dams, is poorly understood. In the present @entity204 was observed in 3 of 6 experimentally infected dams at 110 days of gestation after 6 weeks of experimental period. All experimental heifers were febrile between 3 and 5 days post infection (dpi). Inoculated dams seroconverted by 3-4 weeks post-infection with higher mean antibody titres in aborting dams compared to non-aborting heifers, although not significantly (p  >  0.05). @entity16910 DNA was detected in all infected foetuses and placentas, and three infected foetuses also had N.  caninum antibodies. The parasite burden was higher in the brain of dead/aborted foetuses than in live foetuses. Interestingly, high IFN-y production was detected in foetal fluids of a dead foetus found upon euthanasia of its dam, while no IFN-y was observed in @entity6703 in the three infected foetuses that were alive upon maternal euthanasia. The present study confirms that the infection of dams on gestation day 110 with 10(7) tachyzoites of the Nc-Spain7 isolate causes abortion. The fact that some @entity281 and some did not is relevant to the understanding of @entity16910 pathogenesis of abortion in naturally infected @entity291 .

title: @entity204 in naive heifers inoculated with XXXX isolate Nc-Spain7 at 110 days of pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity16910 :: ('29176', 'Species') :: ['N.  caninum', 'Neospora caninum']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infected dams aborted']

entities_list: @entity6703 :: ('MESH:D004619', 'Disease') :: ['amniotic, allantoic and/or foetal fluids']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['study foetal death']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['cows', 'cattle', 'bovine']

answer: @entity16910 :: (29176,Species) :: ['Neospora caninum']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety of treating @entity1 with @entity309 with a combination of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) and @entity6963 (LEF) in comparison to @entity1500 monotherapy, in clinical practice. METHODS: The Safety of @entity1499 in Combination with @entity6963 in @entity309 (SMILE) study was a multicenter, observational, cross-sectional, retrospective safety study. The study was conducted by the Optimising @entity1 Outcomes in Australian Rheumatology-Quality Use of Medicines Initiative (OPAL QUMI). Data were deidentified for @entity1 , clinic, and clinician prior to collection from 13 participating rheumatology practices (25 rheumatologists). Comparative analysis of safety for the different treatments, primarily with regard to @entity1398 and @entity409 , was performed. RESULTS: In total, 2975 @entity1 were included in the study: 74% female, 26% male, mean age 62 years (SD 13.6). Distribution of therapy: @entity1500 monotherapy 52.2%, LEF monotherapy 7.3%, @entity1500 plus LEF 13.9%, and neither @entity1500 nor LEF 26.6%. Comorbid @entity409 was reported in 8.1% of @entity1 . @entity409 were reported in 12% of the @entity1500 monotherapy group, 16% of the LEF monotherapy group, 19% of the @entity1500 -LEF combination group, and 14% of the group not taking either drug. @entity1398 was reported in 2.3% of the @entity1500 monotherapy group, 5.5% of the LEF monotherapy group, 3.9% of the @entity1500 -LEF combination group, and 4.2% of the group not taking either drug. CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity1500 and LEF was well tolerated, with adverse events comparable to those of monotherapy and the other nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug treatment group.

title: The SMILE study -- safety of @entity1499 in combination with XXXX in @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6963 :: ('MESH:C045463', 'Chemical') :: ['leflunomide', 'Leflunomide']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver function abnormalities', 'liver abnormalities', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia', 'neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis', 'rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity6963 :: (MESH:C045463,Chemical) :: ['leflunomide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The rate of @entity1645 ( @entity1645 ) in a population ranges from 3 to 8 per 100,000 population. In 62-80% of cases, @entity1645 is accompanied by the development of @entity1644 ( @entity1644 ) at various levels. The clinical picture in these @entity1 is a combination of @entity1645 and @entity1644 manifestations; however, @entity1644 symptoms often prevail, which creates some problems in the diagnosis of the disease and in the choice of optimal treatment. AIM: On the basis of our own experience of surgical interventions, we aimed to clarify the indications for surgical treatment of @entity1644 associated with @entity1645 and to determine the optimal amount of surgery and the criteria for evaluation of treatment outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two hundred twenty five @entity1 with a combination of @entity1644 and @entity1645 were examined in the period from 2011 to February 2015. Of them, 125 @entity1 were operated on. The mean age of the operated @entity1 was 56  8 years. The mean time from the appearance of the first signs of the disease to surgery was 75  82 months. All operations were performed by a single surgeon. The operations were carried out in the half-sitting (89.6%) or prone (10.4%) position. The operation included sparing suboccipital craniectomy, C1 arch resection, recovery of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation along the posterior surface of the cerebellum, and reconstruction of the dura mater in the craniovertebral junction region. RESULTS: Exploration of the arachnoid mater of the cisterna magna after dura opening revealed no arachnopathy in 78 (62.4%) @entity1 (Chiari 0 @entity600 according to Klekamp). The type 1 arachnopathy (by Klekamp) was detected in 31 @entity1 (24.8%), and the type 2 arachnopathy was observed in 16 (12.8%). The condition of 109 (88%) @entity1 was evaluated one year after the surgery. Sixty one (56%) @entity1 had partial or complete regression of preoperative @entity16 . The disease stopped progressing in 44 @entity1 (40%). The disease was progressing in 4 (3.7%) @entity1 . No recurrence of a CSF circulation disturbance at the craniovertebral level was observed during follow-up. Early postoperative complications occurred in 4 (3.2%) @entity1 : wound CSF leakage in 1 (0.8%) @entity1 , @entity697 in 1 (0.8%) @entity1 , and @entity5827 in 2 (1.6%) @entity1 . Temporary deteriorations in the condition ( @entity10 worsening, meteosensitivity) were detected in 11 (8.9%) @entity1 . These symptoms regressed by the end of the 1st postoperative month. There were no deaths. CONCLUSION: The indication for surgery in @entity1 with a combination of @entity1645 and @entity1644 is the presence of @entity16 associated with @entity1644 and their progression as well as @entity10 caused by @entity3976 , which significantly deteriorates the @entity1 's quality of life. The main criteria for evaluating the efficacy of treatment include stabilization of the clinical symptoms and/or improvement in the @entity1 condition. Suboccipital craniectomy followed by reconstruction of the dura mater and recovery of the CSF circulation in the craniovertebral region is an effective treatment of @entity1644 associated with @entity1645 .

title: [Results of surgical treatment of @entity1644 associated with XXXX . An analysis of 125 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute epidural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['SM', 'syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['herniation of the cerebellar tonsils']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari 1 malformation', 'CM', 'Chiari malformation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity5827 :: ('MESH:D008582', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1645 :: (MESH:D001139,Disease) :: ['Chiari 1 malformation']


abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated the effect of the new sympathetic a1A-adrenoceptor antagonist @entity6731 for relieving benign @entity1069 by pressure flow study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this open, nonblinded, prospective study we administered 8 mg @entity6731 daily for 4 weeks in 60 @entity1 with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic enlargement. As a primary outcome measure, we assessed changes in bladder function and benign @entity1069 using pressure flow study. As secondary outcome measures, changes in subjective symptoms and quality of life were assessed by the International Prostate Symptom Score. Objective changes in urination status were also assessed by free uroflowmetry in terms of maximum flow rate and post-void residual urine volume. RESULTS: A total of 57 @entity1 were enrolled for analysis. In the storage phase of the pressure flow study bladder capacity at first desire to void increased significantly with no significant change in maximum cystometric capacity. Of 24 @entity1 14 (58.3%) with uninhibited detrusor contractions before administration showed apparent improvement in detrusor overactivity after administration, including 6 in whom uninhibited contractions disappeared. In the voiding phase mean detrusor pressure at maximum flow significantly decreased from 72.5 to 51.4 cm @entity2507 . The mean bladder outlet obstruction index decreased significantly from 60.6 to 33.8. Obstruction grade assessed by the Schaefer nomogram improved in all except 1 @entity1 . Total symptom and quality of life scores, maximum flow rate and post-void residual urine volume on free uroflowmetry significantly improved. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6731 improved lower urinary tract symptoms by improving bladder storage function and relieving benign @entity1069 .

title: Efficacy of XXXX for relieving benign @entity1069 : prospective pressure flow study.

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic obstruction']

entities_list: @entity6731 :: ('MESH:C095285', 'Chemical') :: ['Silodosin', 'silodosin']

answer: @entity6731 :: (MESH:C095285,Chemical) :: ['silodosin']


abstract: @entity44222 ( @entity44223 )--a synthetic mitotic inhibitor that binds to tubulin at the colchicine binding site--has significant activity against a broad spectrum of @entity5 models and greater in vitro cytotoxicity when given over > 24 hours than 4 hours or less. Phase I studies demonstrated central nervous system (CNS) @entity137 to be dose-limiting when @entity44222 was administered as a 24-hour infusion. When a 72-hour infusion was given, CNS @entity137 was reduced and @entity3028 became the dose-limiting @entity137 . In this phase II study, @entity44222 , 4.5 mg/m2, was administered as a 24-hour continuous intravenous infusion for 3 consecutive days and repeated every 21 days. Fourteen @entity1 who had measurable metastatic @entity14 were entered in the trial. Eight @entity1 had received one prior chemotherapy regimen for metastatic disease. @entity1 were prospectively monitored by neurologic examinations and neuropsychologic assessment of cognitive functioning. No complete or partial responses were observed. Grade 4 @entity3028 was the dose-limiting @entity137 . Reversible declines in recent memory function were noted in all @entity1 . After each course of @entity44222 , there were also transient non-significant declines in motor coordination, compared with the preinfusion assessment. At the stated dose and schedule, @entity44222 lacks activity in metastatic @entity14 . The agent's @entity137 profile ( @entity3028 and CNS effects) was comparable with previously described effects of this agent.

title: Phase II trial of intravenous @entity44222 ( @entity44223 ) in @entity1 with metastatic XXXX . Model for prospective evaluation of neurotoxicity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: Induction of cell and gland enlargement (growth-in-size) and induction of a group of secretory polypeptides (polypeptides C-G) seem to occur in close relationship in @entity19 parotid glands stimulated chronically by the nonselective beta-adrenergic agonist @entity3044 . To determine whether @entity11952 , @entity8042 , or both subtypes of beta-adrenergic receptors are involved in those responses, dose-dependency studies were carried out during a 7-day period of daily stimulations to assess the relative abilities of the selective beta-adrenergic agonists @entity452 ( @entity11952 ) and @entity3045 ( @entity8042 ) to induce polypeptides C-G and growth-in-size. The relative abilities of the selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonists @entity2165 ( @entity11952 ) and I.C.I. 118.551 ( @entity8042 ) to interfere with the induction of both responses by chronic treatment with the various beta-adrenergic agonists were also studied. Parotid growth-in-size was assessed by evaluating wet weight, whole protein content, and light microscopy histology. The presence of polypeptides C-G was evaluated after @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis and Coomassie blue staining. Under these experimental conditions, @entity452 was found to be at least one order of magnitude more potent than @entity3045 at inducing growth-in-size. @entity452 was also found to be clearly stronger than @entity3045 as an inducer of polypeptides C-G. On the other hand, @entity2165 was more effective than I.C.I. 118.551 at preventing the induction of polypeptides C-G and growth-in-size by @entity3044 , @entity452 , or @entity3045 . Taken together, these results suggest that in @entity19 parotid glands, polypeptides C-G and growth-in-size are induced preferentially via adrenergic receptors of the @entity11952 -subtype.

title: Cell-enlargement-related polypeptides are induced via XXXX -adrenoceptors in @entity19 parotids.

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

answer: @entity11952 :: (15129(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['beta(1)']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Dengue virus (DENV) causes a spectrum of diseases ranging from self-limiting @entity779 @entity221 to severe conditions such as @entity548 and @entity7643 . @entity734 ( @entity734 ) is thought to explain the occurrence of severe @entity779 whereby pre-existing binding but non-neutralising antibodies enhance DENV infection. The @entity734 phenomenon is supported by epidemiological findings that @entity1 that born to @entity779 immune mothers are at greater risk to develop severe @entity779 upon @entity281 . The role of maternally acquired @entity779 -specific antibodies in disease enhancement was recently recapitulated in a @entity19 model where @entity19 born to DENV1-immune mothers experienced enhanced disease severity upon DENV2 infection. Here, this study investigates the relative contribution of maternal @entity779 -specific antibodies acquired during gestation and breastfeeding in @entity66 . Using a surrogate breastfeeding mother experimental approach, we showed that majority of the maternal @entity779 -specific antibodies were acquired during breastfeeding and conferred an extended enhancement window. On the other hand, in the context of homologous infection, breastfeeding conferred protection. Furthermore, measurement of @entity779 -specific antibody titres over time in @entity19 born to @entity779 immune mothers revealed a biphasic pattern of antibody decay as reported in @entity1 . Our work provides evidence of the potential contribution of breast milk-acquired @entity779 -specific IgG antibodies in enhancement and protection against @entity779 . Should such contribution be established in @entity1 as well, it may have important implications for the development of guidelines to @entity779 -immune breastfeeding mothers.

title: Relative Contribution of Dengue IgG Antibodies Acquired during Gestation or Breastfeeding in Mediating @entity66 Enhancement and Protection in Type I Interferon Receptor-Deficient XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['dengue disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic fever']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['primary infection']

entities_list: @entity7643 :: ('MESH:D019595', 'Disease') :: ['dengue shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['ADE', 'Antibody-dependent enhancement']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Posterior circulation @entity64 accounts for 20% of @entity64 . Recent data suggest that the @entity64 recurrence risk is high and comparable with @entity2998 . @entity5525 @entity850 accounts for approximately 20% of posterior circulation @entity64 , and with endovascular treatment available accurate diagnostic imaging is important. We performed a systematic literature review to validate the accuracy of the non-invasive imaging techniques Duplex ultrasound (DUS), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and computed tomographic angiography (CTA) in detecting severe @entity9085 , with intra-arterial angiography (IAA) as the reference standard. METHODS: We identified studies that used non-invasive imaging and IAA as the reference standard to determine @entity9085 and provided adequate data to calculate sensitivity and specificity. We analysed the quality of these studies, looked for evidence of heterogeneity and performed subgroup analysis for different degrees of @entity850 . RESULTS: 11 studies categorised @entity850 into 50-99%. The sensitivity of CTA (single study) and pooled sensitivities of contrast enhanced MRA (CE-MRA) and colour duplex were 100% (95% CI 15.8 to 100), 93.9% (79.8 to 99.3) and 70.2% (54.2 to 83.3), respectively. The specificities for CTA, CE-MRA and colour duplex were 95.2% (83.8 to 99.4), 94.8% (91.1 to 97.3) and 97.7% (95.2 to 99.1). However, specificities for CE-MRA and colour duplex demonstrated significant heterogeneity (p = 0.003 and p = 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: CE-MRA and possibly CTA may be more sensitive in diagnosing @entity9085 than DUS. However, data are limited and further high quality studies comparing DUS, MRA and @entity13542 with @entity6207 are required.

title: Imaging of XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity5525 :: ('MESH:C538664', 'Disease') :: ['Vertebral artery']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'early stroke', 'ischaemic strokes']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery disease']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity9085 :: (MESH:D014715,Disease) :: ['vertebral artery stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a midluteal phase endometrial biopsy accurately predicts @entity177 . DESIGN: One nonpregnant menstrual cycle was evaluated in a prospective fashion. SETTING: Outpatient Clinic of the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health. @entity1 : Fifty healthy, normally cycling @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: Serum @entity1420 (P) was measured daily throughout the luteal phase. An endometrial biopsy was performed 7 to 9 days after the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, as detected by rapid plasma assays, and dated histologically according to Noyes' criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: To correlate endometrial maturation with luteal P secretion. RESULTS: Mean integrated P measurements were reduced only when the lag between histologic and chronological dating was > or = 3 days or > or = 4 days, depending on whether chronological dates were assigned prospectively from the LH surge or retrospectively from the onset of next menses, respectively. However, these lags did not consistently predict @entity177 because subnormal integrated P secretion was seen in only 14% of @entity1 with these delays in endometrial maturation. CONCLUSIONS: Midluteal phase endometrial biopsy provides a crude test of @entity177 that does not precisely distinguish @entity1887 .

title: Midluteal phase endometrial biopsy does not accurately predict XXXX .

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['luteal function', 'deficient luteal function']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['luteal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['luteal function']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One hundred seven @entity1 presenting to a cosmetic skin clinic were treated with intense pulsed light (IPL) over a 12-month period. The main categories of @entity1 offered treatment were those with vascular problems such as @entity6509 , facial @entity8721 , and spider nevi; @entity2118 such as solar damage, @entity6311 , and @entity2117 ; and assorted problems such as scarring and @entity2641 . METHODS: Each @entity1 who entered into the study had the full medical history taken and a dermatologic assessment. Polaroid photographs were taken and the images used for comparison before and after treatment. Outcomes were assessed by physicians' global assessment and a @entity1 ' postal questionnaire. @entity1 were treated with a Lumina IPL (Lynton Lasers Ltd) using a multiple pulsing facility with variable interpulse spacing, incorporating a 585-nm head. Fluence levels varied between 10 and 40 J/cm(2), although the average fluence over all @entity1 was 25 J/cm(2). The delay was set between 10 and 30 ms and two to four pulses were used. Results Excellent results were seen in 80% of @entity1 treated. There was a high @entity1 satisfaction rate and low prevalence of side effects. CONCLUSIONS: IPL has been shown to provide a safe and effective noninvasive treatment for a wide range of @entity74 and is suitable for wider use in primary care.

title: A retrospective study of the efficacy of intense pulsed light for the treatment of XXXX presenting to a cosmetic skin clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity6311 :: ('MESH:D007911', 'Disease') :: ['lentigines']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentation disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['dermatologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity2641 :: ('MESH:D011038', 'Disease') :: ['poikiloderma']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['dermatologic disorders']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Myosin heavy chain (MHC) mediates the metabolic and contractile responses of skeletal muscles. MHC displays different isoforms, each of which has different characteristics. To better understand the effect of @entity1474 in skeletal muscles, @entity35 were fed with control-, @entity4600 ( @entity4601 )-, and @entity1426 ( @entity12335 )-oil, and the effects on plasma and muscular @entity844 profile, oxidative stress, mRNA levels of myosin heavy chain isoforms MHC1 of slow-twitch muscle (SO) and MHC2A, MHC2X, and MHCB isoforms of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) of fast-twitch muscle were evaluated. Concomitantly, mRNA levels of anti-oxidative enzymes, such as, @entity12609 , @entity2041 peroxidase (GPx) and @entity224 dismutase (SOD were determined. The expressions of MHC1, MHC2A, MHC2X, and MHC2B were lower in the SO of the @entity4601 -fed @entity35 . In the EDL muscles of @entity4601 -fed @entity35 , the expressions of MHC1 and MHC2A increased; however, the expressions of MHC2X increased and that of the MHC2 were not altered. Oxidative stress, as indicated by the levels of LPO, was significantly higher in the plasma of the @entity12335 -fed @entity35 , when compared with that of the @entity4601 -fed @entity35 . The LPO levels were higher both in the SO and EDL muscles of @entity12335 -fed @entity35 . Compared with @entity12335 oil intake, @entity4601 oil showed higher mRNA levels of GPx and SOD. @entity12609 expression was higher only in the EDL but not in the SO-type muscles. Our studies finally indicate that @entity4601 and @entity12335 differentially affect the regulation of contractile and metabolic properties of slow- and fast-twitch skeletal muscles.

title: Differential effects of docoosahexaenoic and @entity1426 on XXXX composition and myosin heavy chain-related genes of slow- and fast-twitch skeletal muscle tissues.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cell proliferation and tissue growth depend on the coordinated regulation of multiple signaling molecules and pathways during animal development. Previous studies have linked mitochondrial function and the Hippo signaling pathway in growth control. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we identify a @entity238 mitochondrial inner membrane protein ChChd3 as a novel regulator for tissue growth. Loss of ChChd3 leads to tissue undergrowth and cell proliferation defects. ChChd3 is required for mitochondrial fusion and removal of ChChd3 increases mitochondrial fragmentation. ChChd3 is another mitochondrial target of the Hippo pathway, although it is only partially required for Hippo pathway mediated overgrowth. Interestingly, lacking of ChChd3 leads to inactivation of Hippo activity under normal development, which is also dependent on the transcriptional co-activator @entity26879 ( @entity26879 ). Furthermore, loss of ChChd3 induces oxidative stress and activates the JNK pathway. In addition, depletion of other mitochondrial fusion components, @entity38985 or @entity38986 , inactivates the Hippo pathway as well. Taken together, we propose that there is a crosstalk between mitochondrial fusion and the Hippo pathway which is essential in controlling cell proliferation and tissue homeostasis in @entity238 .

title: Crosstalk Between Mitochondrial Fusion and the Hippo Pathway in Controlling Cell Proliferation During XXXX Development.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: The epidemiological parameters of @entity6565 were investigated in three suburbs of Matara, within the south-western coastal belt of @entity3595 Lanka where the disease is endemic. The overall prevalence of microfilaraemia and the geometric mean density of the microfilaraemias observed were 4.4% and 20.6 microfilariae/60 microl fingerprick blood, respectively. Prevalence was significantly lower in the female subjects than in the male, and in males aged < 20 years than in older males. Overall, 9.5% of the subjects had the clinical manifestations of @entity6565 (6.4% had filarial @entity221 , 3.0% had @entity28802 and/or @entity4 , and 6.2% had hydrocele). The prevalence of @entity28802 / @entity4 was generally higher among the female subjects (4.2%) than among the male (1.4%), and an age-prevalence plot for this manifestation showed a linear increase in prevalence after the age of 40 years. Hydrocele also became commoner with increasing age, but this increase in prevalence began at the lower age of 20 years. More than 60% of the cases of @entity28802 / @entity4 but only 26.3% of the subjects found to have hydroceles experienced filarial @entity221 attacks. The cases of @entity221 and @entity28802 / @entity4 (but not those of microfilaraemia or hydrocele) were aggregated within households. However, the @entity1 whose mothers were microfilaraemic were much more likely to be microfilaraemic themselves (8.7%) than the @entity1 who had amicrofilaraemic mothers (2.8%), microfilaraemic fathers (0.0%) or amicrofilaraemic fathers (2.7%). The results of entomological surveys indicated that transmission of @entity10065 occurred throughout the year in the study community.

title: Epidemiology of @entity6565 in three suburban areas of Matara, XXXX Lanka.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6565 :: ('MESH:D005368', 'Disease') :: ['bancroftian filariasis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity28802 :: ('MESH:D004604', 'Disease') :: ['elephantiasis']

entities_list: @entity10065 :: ('6293', 'Species') :: ['Wuchereria bancrofti']

answer: @entity3595 :: (6717,Gene) :: ['Sri']


abstract: Although the literature suggests that palmar sympathectomy (PS) with or without vascular reconstruction may improve @entity158 , fingertip @entity1066 , and cold intolerance in @entity1 with @entity2631 , the question regarding long-term efficacy still remains. This retrospective study of six @entity1 (eight hands) operated on between 1995 and 1997 evaluates both early (6 months) and long-term (average, 2.5 years) outcome after PS in combination with decompression arteriolysis of the radial and ulnar arteries proximal to the wrist. When preoperative digital blood flow was inadequate based on noninvasive vascular studies and major @entity432 was present, vascular reconstruction was also performed when feasible. At early review, significant improvement in @entity158 and moderate improvement in cold intolerance resulted in eight hands, and at final follow-up, this was sustained in seven hands. Preoperatively, digital @entity1066 were present in six hands. After digital debridement and/or amputation, all wounds healed, but in one @entity1 with bilateral disease who continued to smoke, @entity1066 recurred without the need for subsequent surgery. Five of six @entity1 were no longer dependent on narcotic analgesics, but use of vasodilator medication did not change. Five of six @entity1 claimed significant improvement in the quality of life after surgery and reported that they would undergo the surgery again. PS in combination with radial and ulnar arteriolysis appears to be efficacious at both early and long-term review. When major @entity432 exists and digital blood flow is compromised, vascular reconstruction is recommended if possible. We review our treatment protocol in this complex population of @entity1 .

title: Surgery for XXXX and Raynaud's' phenomenon in @entity2631 : a description of treatment protocol and evaluation of results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations', 'ulceration']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic digital pain']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['inflow occlusion']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['ischemic pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Postoperative @entity281 are a major source of morbidity and increased health care costs. In adults, @entity1764 has been described as a risk factor for @entity281 . The objectives of this retrospective cohort study were to determine the incidence and to identify risk factors for postoperative @entity281 among @entity1 after median sternotomy in an urban tertiary care @entity1 's hospital. METHODS: For this study, 192 @entity1 were randomly selected from among all @entity1 undergoing median sternotomy between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2003. RESULTS: Ninety-eight (51%) of the 192 eligible @entity1 were male. The median @entity1 age was 5.4 months (interquartile range: 1 day-41.5 years). Bloodstream infections occurred in 12 (6.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.3%-10.7%) @entity1 within the first 30 days after median sternotomy. Bloodstream infections developed a median of 11 days (range: 3-29 days) after median sternotomy. Gram-negative bacilli caused 6 (50%) of the 12 @entity281 . Specific causes of @entity281 included @entity796 (n = 3), coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 3), @entity11763 -putida (n = 2), @entity794 (n = 2), @entity5134 (n = 1), and @entity5132 (n = 1). Multivariable analysis revealed that the development of @entity1764 (odds ratio [OR], 28.16; 95% CI, 3.37-235.22) and the requirement for postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (OR, 12.52; 95% CI, 2.99-52.41) were associated with @entity281 after median sternotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative @entity281 occurred in 6.3% of @entity1 undergoing median sternotomy. Postoperative @entity1764 and the requirement for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were risk factors for @entity281 after median sternotomy. These findings warrant exploration in a larger, multicenter study.

title: Bloodstream infections after median sternotomy at a XXXX 's hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5134 :: ('615', 'Species') :: ['Serratia marcescens']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity11763 :: ('294', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas fluorescens']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bloodstream infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We want to evaluate the efficacy of @entity499 ( @entity499 ) for treating @entity157 ( @entity157 ) with portal vein @entity5 @entity715 (PVTT). METHODS: We treated 35 @entity1 for unresectable @entity157 combined with PVTT in whom other treatment modalities were not indicated. The @entity5 thrombi involved the main trunk of the portal vein in 18 @entity1 (51.4%) and the first or second order branches in 17 @entity1 (48.6%). A median dose of 50 Gy (range: 45-60 Gy) was delivered in 10 fractions. @entity416 was given concomitantly at a dose of 600 mg/m2 twice daily during radiotherapy. RESULTS: The responses were evaluated via computed tomography. There was a complete response (CR) in 5 @entity1 (14.3%), partial response (PR) in 10 @entity1 (28.6%), @entity66 ( @entity66 ) in 18 @entity1 (51.4%) and @entity74 ( @entity74 ) in 2 @entity1 (5.7%). The @entity1 -Pugh classification (A vs B) and the Japan integrated staging (JIS) score (2 vs 3) were statistically significant parameters that predicted the response of PVTT (p   =   0.010 and p   =   0.026, respectively). The median survival, one and two year survival rate of all @entity1 was 12.9 months, 51.4% and 22.2%, respectively. The @entity1 with @entity5 thrombi in the main portal trunk showed statistically inferior overall survival than @entity1 with @entity5 thrombi in the portal vein branches (9.8 versus 16.6 months, respectively, p   =   0.036). The responders' median survival was 13.9 months, double 6.9 months as the median survival of the non-responders. No radiation induced @entity409 or treatment related mortality was not appeared. CONCLUSIONS: Hypofractionated radiotherapy with @entity499 was effective not only for @entity5 response but also for survival in the advanced @entity157 @entity1 with PVTT. And stricter @entity1 selection by @entity1 -Pugh classification and JIS score may maximize the potential benefits of this treatment.

title: Hypofractionated radiotheapy using XXXX for @entity157 with portal vein @entity5 @entity715 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity499 :: ('MESH:C536217', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'helical tomotherapy']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['Capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'advanced hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity499 :: (MESH:C536217,Disease) :: ['helical tomotherapy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between dietary diversity within food groups and dietary diversity score and the probability of nutrient adequacy in Tehranian @entity1 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional study assessing food intake by two 24-hour recalls questionnaires on two different occasions. Dietary diversity was defined according to diet quality index revised. The mean probability of adequacy across 14 nutrients was calculated using the Dietary Reference Intakes. SETTING: District 13 of Tehran, Iran. SUBJECTS: 286 females aged 18-80 years. RESULTS: Whole grain diversity score mostly correlated with protein and @entity8728 (r = 0.35, p < 0.05). Fruit diversity score was correlated with @entity620 (r = 0.44, p < 0.05). Dairy diversity score was correlated with @entity460 intake (r = 0.54, p < 0.05). Meat diversity score was correlated with protein intake (r = 0.34, p < 0.05). Most subjects failed to meet @entity2245 , @entity219 , @entity1760 , @entity460 , @entity920 , and @entity2186 adequacy. Energy intake was a strong predictor of the mean probability of adequacy in models controlled for age, BMI, education level and job status (model R2 = 0.53). Adding the number of servings from each of the food group to the models significantly improved the model fit (model R(2) = 0.59). Adding the dietary diversity score improved the model fit significantly (model R2 = 0.64). Dairy diversity score had the strongest association with improved nutrient adequacy. CONCLUSION: Dietary diversity score is a useful indicator of specific nutrient adequacy in Tehranian @entity1 . However, to determine the adequacy of a specific nutrient, the diversity scores of specific food groups might be taken into account.

title: Dietary diversity within food groups: an indicator of specific nutrient adequacy in Tehranian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Skepticism about the radical curability of @entity2 , even when diagnosed in Stage I, has been long fostered by the epidemiologists' dogma against @entity2 screening, and by official recommendations not to screen for @entity2 . Follow-up of @entity1 with asymptomatic screen-detected Stage I @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), however, shows that @entity1 who underwent radical resection have long term survival rates, whereas @entity1 nonsurgically treated or undergoing suboptimal operations have much poorer prognosis. The latter clinical outcome data strongly suggest the importance of detecting @entity2 when it is in Stage I and cast serious doubts on the recommendation not to screen for @entity2 . DATA: The scrutiny of the biology, epidemiology, and clinical features of Stage I @entity1149 clarifies important aspects of the ongoing controversy concerning the value of screening for early diagnosis (Stage I) of @entity2 . The biologic characteristics of Stage I @entity1149 (histologic types, doubling time, metastases) indicate its malignant potential. The asymptomatic screen-diagnosed Stage I @entity189 have longer doubling time than the more advanced @entity5 ; nevertheless, they are not overdiagnosed @entity5 because they cause fatal outcome if they are not resected. Chest X-ray screening identifies approximately 50% of @entity5 in Stage I. Screening by helical low dose computed tomography scan detects greater than 80% of @entity2 in Stage I. The resectability, the surgical techniques (lobectomy vs. limited resections), and the influence of the extent of surgical resection of Stage I @entity1149 on prognosis are reviewed. These data show that radical surgical treatment offers 5-year survival rate to 60-80% of @entity1 with Stage I @entity1149 . SYNTHESIS: Asymptomatic @entity5 , detected by screening or by incidental findings, are truly malignant, because they metastasize and cause fatal outcome if they are not radically resected. The possibility to cure @entity2 relies on radical resection (lobectomy or, less frequently, pneumonectomy) of early diagnosed (Stage I) disease, which is usually asymptomatic. The limited parenchymal resections (segment or wedge resections) do not fulfill the requirements of radicality because they are accompanied by higher incidence of local recurrences and shorter survival rates. CONCLUSIONS: The documented improvement of long term survival of @entity1149 , which can be achieved by early diagnosis and radical resection, strongly indicates that the current dogma against @entity2 screening is untrue. Every effort should be made to detect the disease when it is in Stage I and radically operable, by implementing screening in at risk smokers and former smokers, with the most effective screening method that is locally available.

title: Stage I XXXX : analysis of survival and implications for screening.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'cancers', 'Stage I lung carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'nonsmall cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'lung carcinomas', 'lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['nonsmall cell lung carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The presence of viable @entity5 in the surgical specimen after postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC-RPLND) is associated with an increased risk of disease progression. The objective of this study was to determine whether the presence of viable @entity5 in the surgical specimen could be predicted. METHODS: Between 1980 and 2003, 236 @entity1 underwent PC-RPLND for clinical Stage IIA or III nonseminomatous @entity2971 (NSGCT). The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of those @entity1 for pertinent clinical and treatment-related outcomes. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate whether clinical parameters were capable of predicting the presence of viable @entity5 in the surgical specimen. RESULTS: International Germ Cell Consensus Classification (IGCCC) risk categories could be assigned to 218 @entity1 , with 101 @entity1 in the good-risk category, 32 @entity1 in the intermediate-risk category, and 85 @entity1 in the poor-risk category. The incidence of viable @entity5 in the good-risk, intermediate-risk, and poor-risk categories was similar (17.8%, 15.6%, and 15.3%, respectively); however, the risk categories predicted disease-specific and recurrence-free survival (P = .022 and P < .0001, respectively). On multivariate analysis, an elevated serum @entity160 ( @entity160 ) level prior to PC-RPLND (P = .05) and the size of the retroperitoneal mass on pathology review (P = .02) were predictive of viable @entity5 in the surgical specimen. CONCLUSIONS: Although IGCCC risk categories were correlated with disease-related outcomes, the risk groups had similar incidences of viable @entity5 . Elevated serum @entity160 levels prior to surgery and the size of the retroperitoneal mass in the resected specimen may help to predict viable @entity5 in the PC-RPLND specimen.

title: Viable XXXX in the postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection specimen: can it be predicted using clinical parameters?

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumors']

answer: @entity2971 :: (MESH:D009373,Disease) :: ['malignant germ cell tumor']


abstract: Two important lines of research have enhanced our understanding of the molecular role of nutrition in influencing behavior. First, exposure to an adverse environment during early life can influence the long-term behavior of the offspring. Second, regulation of the nervous system development and functioning appears to involve epigenetic mechanisms that require a continuous supply of @entity5498 group donors in food. We hypothesized that a maternal diet during pregnancy deficient in @entity5498 donors ( @entity4696 ) may lead to altered behavior in offspring through permanent changes in hippocampal DNA methylation. We used a @entity35 model of prenatal dietary @entity4696 to test this hypothesis in female offspring as they aged. Prenatal @entity4696 reduced birth weight, litter size, and newborn viability. Aged female offspring of @entity4696 mothers showed increased @entity148 and @entity4207 in comparison with control diet group offspring. To explore the role of @entity4696 on epigenetic mechanisms in the brain of adult offspring, we studied expression and methylation of 4 selected genes coding for glucocorticoid receptor, @entity14128 dehydrogenase 11 type 2, neuronatin, and @entity37958 proteins in the hippocampus. No major group differences in methylation or expression of the studied genes were detected, except for a significant down-regulation of the @entity37958 gene in the @entity4696 female offspring. The prenatal @entity4696 diet caused intrauterine growth restriction, associated with long-term effects on the behavior of the offspring. However, the observed behavioral differences between the @entity4696 and control diet offspring cannot be explained by epigenetic regulation of the specific genes investigated in this study.

title: Dietary XXXX donor deficiency during pregnancy in @entity35 shapes learning and @entity148 in offspring.

entities_list: @entity14128 :: ('CHEBI:35350', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxysteroid']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['increased learning ability']

answer: @entity5498 :: (CHEBI:32875,Chemical) :: ['methyl']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although surgery is considered standard therapy for unicentric @entity12692 , favorable responses to radiotherapy also have been documented. The authors undertook this study to analyze the clinical factors, treatment approaches, and outcomes of @entity1 with unicentric or multicentric @entity12692 , and to report the outcomes of @entity1 with unicentric @entity12692 treated with radiotherapy. METHODS: The authors reviewed the medical records of 22 @entity1 who had received a histologic diagnosis of @entity12692 at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson @entity5 Center between 1988 and 1999. One @entity1 with a concurrent histopathologic diagnosis of nonsecretory multiple @entity1582 was excluded from the study. In all @entity1 , the diagnosis of @entity12692 was based on the results of lymph node biopsies. Disease was categorized as being either unicentric or multicentric and further subdivided into hyaline vascular, plasma cell, or mixed variant histologic types. Clinical variables and outcomes were analyzed according to treatment, which consisted of surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. RESULTS: Records from 21 @entity1 were analyzed: 12 had @entity66 , and 9 had @entity66 . The mean follow-up time for the entire series was 51 months (median, 40 months). Four @entity1 with @entity66 were treated with radiotherapy alone: 2 remain alive and symptom free, 2 died of causes unrelated to @entity12692 and had no evidence of disease at last follow-up. Eight @entity1 with @entity66 were treated with complete or partial surgical resection, and all are alive and asymptomatic. All nine @entity1 with @entity66 were treated with combination chemotherapy: five are alive with no evidence of disease, and four are alive with progressive disease. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery results in excellent rates of cure in @entity1 with unicentric @entity12692 ; radiotherapy can also achieve clinical response and cure in selected @entity1 . @entity12321 is a more aggressive clinical entity and is most effectively treated with combination chemotherapy, whereas the role of radiotherapy in its treatment remains unclear.

title: Treatment of unicentric and multicentric XXXX and the role of radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['unicentric disease', 'multicentric disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity12692 :: ('MESH:D005871', 'Disease') :: ['Castleman disease']

entities_list: @entity12321 :: ('MESH:C537372', 'Disease') :: ['Multicentric Castleman disease']

answer: @entity12692 :: (MESH:D005871,Disease) :: ['Castleman disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of treatment of @entity2530 of the femoral head by structural augmentation through a routine core decompression procedure combined with insertion of cannulated bone screws incorporating autogenous bone graft and biomaterial containing decalcified bone matrix. METHODS: From February 2002 to February 2005, 31 @entity1 (33 hips) with @entity2738 were treated in our hospital using insertion of cannulated bone screws incorporating autogenous bone graft. There were 18 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 with an average age of 37 years (range, 27-49). The Steinberg classification was stage I for 20 hips (61%) and stage II for 13 hips (39%). Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed on all @entity1 . The @entity1 's satisfaction was also assessed. RESULTS: All 31 @entity1 (33 hips) were retrospectively studied after a mean follow-up of 38 months (range, 18-48). The average Harris hip score was 76 before surgery and 91 at the final follow-up. All @entity1 stated that they were satisfied and had significantly reduced @entity158 . According to the Harris hip score system, 21 cases were excellent, 8 good and 2 fair. No complications, such as @entity2737 , subtrochanteric @entity174 , @entity16 and @entity1150 , were found. CONCLUSION: Structural augmentation using the insertion of cannulated bone screws incorporating autogenous bone graft is an effective option for Steinberg I-II stages of @entity2738 . Further study is needed to confirm mid- and long-term results.

title: Clinical result of structural augmentation with cannulated bone screws for the treatment of XXXX of the femoral head.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['femoral head necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['osteonecrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the value in clinical practice of hand magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and whole body bone scintigraphy in the differential diagnosis of @entity1 with unclassified @entity625 . METHODS: 41 @entity1 with @entity625 (> or = 2 swollen joints, > 6 months' duration) which remained unclassified despite conventional clinical, biochemical and radiographic (hands and feet) examinations were studied. @entity1 who fulfilled the @entity12169 criteria for @entity309 ( @entity309 ) or had radiographic bone erosions were excluded. Contrast enhanced MRI of the wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints of the most symptomatic hand and whole body bone scintigraphy were performed. Two rheumatologists agreed on the most likely diagnosis and the @entity1 were treated accordingly. A final diagnosis was made by another specialist review 2 years later. RESULTS: Tentative diagnoses after MRI and bone scintigraphy were: @entity309 (n = 13), @entity571 (n = 8), other @entity32 (n = 11), @entity4841 without inflammatory or degenerative origin (n = 9). Two years later 11 of 13 @entity1 with an original tentative diagnosis of @entity309 had fulfilled the @entity12169 criteria while two were reclassified (one to @entity5144 ( @entity6470 negative + @entity1569 ); one to non-specific self-limiting @entity625 ). No @entity1 classified as non- @entity309 at baseline had fulfilled the @entity12169 criteria after 2 years. The presence of @entity603 , @entity2996 and bone scintigraphic pattern compatible with @entity309 showed 100% specificity for a diagnosis of @entity309 at 2 year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity625 unclassified despite conventional clinical, biochemical and radiographic examinations, MRI and scintigraphy allowed correct classification as @entity309 or non- @entity309 in 39 of 41 @entity1 when fulfilment of @entity12169 criteria 2 years later was considered the standard reference.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging and bone scintigraphy in the differential diagnosis of unclassified XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory diseases']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['MRI synovitis']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['MRI erosion']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgias']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: The recent identification of acquired mutations in key components of the spliceosome machinery strongly implicates abnormalities of mRNA splicing in the pathogenesis of @entity2590 . However, questions remain as to how these aberrations functionally combine with the growing list of mutations in genes involved in epigenetic modification and cell signaling/transcription regulation identified in these diseases. In this study, amplicon sequencing was used to perform a mutation screen in 154 @entity2590 @entity1 using a 22-gene panel, including commonly mutated spliceosome components ( @entity19982 , @entity5313 , @entity39353 , @entity39354 ), and a further 18 genes known to be mutated in @entity5 . Sequencing of the 22-gene panel revealed that 76% (n=117) of the @entity1 had mutations in at least one of the genes, with 38% (n=59) having splicing gene mutations and 49% (n=75) @entity1 harboring more than one gene mutation. Interestingly, single and specific epigenetic modifier mutations tended to coexist with @entity19982 and @entity5313 mutations (P<0.03). Furthermore, mutations in @entity19982 and @entity5313 were mutually exclusive to @entity876 mutations both at diagnosis and at the time of disease transformation. Moreover, mutations in @entity7801 , @entity8497 , @entity5316 , @entity5315 and @entity2467 were more likely to co-occur with @entity39355 mutations generally (P<0.02), and @entity5313 mutants in particular (P<0.003) and were significantly associated with disease transformation (P<0.02). @entity19982 and @entity876 mutations had varying impacts on overall survival with hazard ratios of 0.2 (P<0.03, 95% CI, 0.1-0.8) and 2.1 (P<0.04, 95% CI, 1.1-4.4), respectively. Moreover, @entity1 with @entity39355 mutations alone had a better overall survival than those with epigenetic modifier mutations, or cell signaling/transcription regulator mutations with and without coexisting mutations of @entity39355 genes, with worsening prognosis (P<0.001). These findings suggest that @entity39355 mutations are maintained throughout disease evolution with emerging oncogenic mutations adversely affecting @entity1 ' outcome, implicating spliceosome mutations as founder mutations in @entity2590 .

title: Spliceosome mutations exhibit specific associations with epigenetic modifiers and proto-oncogenes mutated in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid cancers']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'myelodysplastic syndromes']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']


abstract: @entity417 , frequently associated with @entity5 and @entity5 treatment, can use a variety of symptoms that diminish overall quality of life (QOL). Fatigue is the most commonly reported symptom among @entity5 @entity1 and can significantly affect their daily lives. Using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) instrument, which measures general QOL, as a core questionnaire, 20 new questions related to the @entity417 -related symptoms on @entity1 with @entity5 were developed. Two new instruments were produced: the FACT-Fatigue (FACT-F), consisting of the FACT-G plus 13 @entity1295 items (the Fatigue Subscale), and the FACT- @entity417 (FACT-An), consisting of the FACT-F plus seven items addressing other concerns related to @entity417 , but unrelated to @entity1295 . FACT-F and FACT-An demonstrated good stability (r = .87 for both) and strong internal consistency (alpha = .95 and .96, respectively). Test-retest reliability coefficients for the Fatigue Subscale and nonfatigue items also showed good stability (r = .84 to .90), and the Fatigue Subscale showed strong internal consistency (alpha = .93 to .95). Convergent and discriminant validity testing revealed a significantly positive relationship with other known measures of @entity1295 , a significant negative relationship with vigor, and an anticipated lack of relationship with social desirability. The FACT-An, FACT-F, and Fatigue Subscale were found to successfully discriminate @entity1 based on hemoglobin (Hb) level and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status. When @entity1 were divided into two groups by Hb levels, @entity1 with Hb levels greater than 12 g/dL reported significantly less @entity1295 , fewer @entity417 , better physical well-being, better functional well-being, and higher general QOL. The FACT-An, the FACT-F, and the Fatigue Subscale are useful measures of QOL in @entity5 @entity1 and add focus to the widespread clinical problems of @entity417 and @entity1295 .

title: The Functional Assessment of XXXX (FACT-An) Scale: a new tool for the assessment of outcomes in @entity5 and @entity1295 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'nonfatigue anemia symptoms', 'impact of fatigue and other anemia', 'anemia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer Therapy-Anemia']


abstract: Molecular gradients have been postulated to control the topographic mapping of retinal axons in their central targets. Based initially on their expression patterns, and more recently on functional studies, members of the EphA subfamily of receptor @entity669 kinases and their ephrin-A ligands have been implicated in the guidance of retinal axons along the anterior-posterior axis of the @entity1573 optic tectum. The report that a receptor of the EphB subfamily, @entity44403 / @entity44403 /Nuk/Sek3, is expressed in a high ventral to low dorsal gradient in the developing @entity1573 retina and is present on ganglion cell axons suggests that it may be involved in the mapping of retinal axons along the corresponding dorsal-ventral axis of the tectum. To address this issue, we have determined the expression and distribution of @entity44404 /LERK-2/ @entity44404 and @entity44405 /LERK-5/Htk-L/ @entity44406 , ligands for @entity44403 , in the developing @entity1573 retinotectal system using riboprobes, immunocytochemistry, and receptor affinity probes. Both @entity44404 and @entity44405 transcripts are expressed in a high dorsal to low ventral gradient in the developing retina, complementary to the distribution of @entity44403 . @entity44404 and @entity44405 proteins are predominantly found in the developing plexiform layers, suggesting a role in the development of intraretinal connections. Neither protein is detected on ganglion cell axons. In tectum, @entity44404 transcripts are expressed in a high dorsal to low ventral gradient in the neuroepithelium and the protein is present along the processes of radial glia and is concentrated at their endfeet in the stratum opticum, at the time retinal axons are growing through it. This distribution of @entity44404 suggests that it influences retinal axon mapping along the dorsal-ventral tectal axis and may also be involved in intratectal development. In contrast, @entity44405 transcripts and protein are localized to the deeper retinorecipient laminae in the tectum at the time retinal axons begin to arborize in them, suggesting that this ligand may influence the laminar patterning of retinal axon terminations.

title: Graded and lamina-specific distributions of ligands of EphB receptor XXXX kinases in the developing retinotectal system.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Very few studies have investigated the influence of single activities of daily living (ADL) at admission as possible predictors of functional outcome after rehabilitation. AIM: The aim of the current study was to investigate admission functional status and performance of basic ADLs as assessed by @entity177 ( @entity177 ) scale as possible predictors of motor and functional outcome after @entity64 during inpatient rehabilitation. DESIGN: This is a prospective and observational study. SETTING: Inpatients of our Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. POPULATION: Two hundred sixty consecutive @entity1 with primary diagnosis of @entity64 were enrolled and 241 @entity1 were used in the final analyses. METHODS: Two backward stepwise regression analyses were applied to predict outcome. The first backward stepwise regression had age, gender, @entity64 type, @entity64 size, @entity2026 , neglect, onset to admission interval, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale, National Institute of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS), Fugl-Meyer Scale, Trunk Control Test, and @entity177 (total, motor and cognitive scores) as independent variables. The second analyses included the above variables plus @entity177 items as an independent variable. The dependent variables were the discharge scores and effectiveness in total and motor- @entity177 , and discharge destination. RESULTS: The first multivariate analysis showed that admission Fugl-Meyer, neglect, total, motor and cognitive @entity177 scores were the most important predictors of @entity177 outcomes, while admission NIHSS score was the only predictor of discharge destination. Conversely, when admission single @entity177 items were included in the statistical model, admission Fugl-Meyer, neglect, grooming, dressing upper body, and social interaction scores were the most important predictors of @entity177 outcomes, while admission memory and bowel control scores were the only predictors of discharge destination. CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that performances of basic ADLs are important @entity64 outcome predictors and among which social interaction, grooming, upper body dressing, and bowel control are the most important. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: The results of this study suggests that, when designing other studies on @entity64 outcome predictions, researchers should also include tests which assess performances of basic ADLs as independent variables, because this may allow identification of new prognostic indicators that can be helpful for the physician for managing @entity64 @entity1 at the end of the rehabilitation period.

title: Predicting outcome after @entity64 : the role of basic activities of daily living predicting outcome after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FIM', 'Functional Independence Measure']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke-lesion', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8273 ( @entity8273 ) is a component of the extracellular matrix in lung tissue and is normally present at low concentrations in blood. @entity8273 is rapidly cleared from blood by the liver. Increased concentrations of plasma @entity8273 have been found in @entity1 with @entity649 ( @entity649 ). We investigated changes in @entity8273 levels in plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung, and their relationship to pretreatment with a leukocyte elastase inhibitor in a @entity35 model of @entity649 . METHODS: @entity35 were randomly assigned to three groups: control, thrombin, and thrombin plus elastase inhibitor. By use of a radiometric assay, @entity8273 was measured in lungs, BALF, and plasma. Tissue samples from the lungs were stained for @entity8273 and examined microscopically. Liver circulation and cardiac output were monitored using radiolabeled microspheres. RESULTS: Infusion of thrombin produced a pronounced increase in wet weight to dry weight ratio, and relative lung water content. This increase was blunted by a leukocyte elastase inhibitor. A @entity358 and increases in both BALF and plasma @entity8273 were found. The leukocyte elastase inhibitor counteracted not only the decrease in lung tissue @entity8273 , but also the increase in plasma @entity8273 . Histologically, there was decreased @entity8273 -staining of peribronchial and perivascular areas in the injured @entity35 lung. Decreased liver perfusion was observed after infusion of thrombin. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity358 may be involved in the development of @entity3126 in this @entity649 model, and leukocyte elastase may be one cause of this decrease. In addition, an elevated plasma @entity8273 level may be an indicator of @entity651 .

title: Decreased lung hyaluronan in a model of @entity649 in the XXXX : effect of an inhibitor of leukocyte elastase.

entities_list: @entity8273 :: ('MESH:C565742', 'Disease') :: ['HA', 'Hyaluronan']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in lung HA']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']