abstract: Abstract 1. Topical @entity726 treatments have often been limited by poor absorption and bioavailability. @entity9004 , a selective b1-blocker, has been well studied for its pharmacokinetics and disposition. Limited ocular, @entity9004 metabolism data is available despite a growing number of novel ocular treatments. 2. In vitro ocular fractions indicated the formation of an active metabolite, across @entity35 , @entity95 and @entity1 , which was only observed historically in the liver. 3. Ocular metabolic profiles of preclinical toxicology species, @entity35 and @entity95 , were not predictive of @entity1 in vitro ocular data. M1 was specific to @entity1 and only captured by the liver data. 4. Liver S9 over predicted the extent of ocular metabolism compared to ocular fractions. @entity95 liver S9 fractions demonstrated extensive glucuronidation and higher parent turn-over in 1   h as compared to other matrices. 5. This research assesses in vitro species and organ differences across preclinical species and @entity1 . The complex data set highlights the need for an in vitro ocular system to explore poorly documented ocular metabolism.

title: An in vitro approach to investigate ocular metabolism of a topical, selective b1-adrenergic blocking agent, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'Rabbit']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity9004 :: ('MESH:D015784', 'Chemical') :: ['betaxolol', 'Betaxolol']

answer: @entity9004 :: (MESH:D015784,Chemical) :: ['betaxolol']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of a sequential multi-modality imaging algorithm for diagnosing @entity697 in pregnancy. This IRB-approved, HIPAA compliant study included 127 consecutive pregnant @entity1 imaged for suspected @entity698 between October 2007 and May 2012; all @entity1 initially underwent ultrasound (US) examination, followed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) if results of US were negative or equivocal. Computerized tomography (CT) was reserved for cases with inconclusive US and MRI results. The EMR was reviewed, recording results of imaging examinations and clinical outcomes. The diagnostic performance of this sequential multi-modality imaging algorithm was calculated with pathology correlation. Two (1.9  %) of the 127 US examinations reported suspected @entity698 ; 125 (98.4  %) were inconclusive. Of the 125 @entity1 with inconclusive US examinations, 103 underwent MRI, of which eight (6.2  %) demonstrated findings of @entity697 . Of the 103 @entity1 that received MRI, nine (8.7  %) underwent CT. One @entity1 had a CT performed directly after an inconclusive US exam. No additional cases of @entity698 were detected with CT. The sensitivity and specificity of US alone was 12.5 and 99.2  %, respectively; MRI was 100 and 93.6  %; the sequential multi-modality modality algorithm including US, CT, and MRI was 100 and 98.3  %. The diagnostic performance of this sequential multi-modality imaging algorithm for diagnosing @entity697 in pregnancy is high. Given the low yield of US, MRI should be considered the first-line imaging test. Although CT was employed in a small fraction of inconclusive MRI examinations, it still has a role in the diagnostic work-up of the pregnant @entity1 with suspected @entity698 .

title: Evaluation of a sequential multi-modality imaging algorithm for the diagnosis of XXXX in the pregnant female.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The relationship between arterial recanalization, @entity1188 size, and outcome in @entity1 treated with intravenous thrombolytics remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to determine the time course of recombinant @entity1456 (rtPA)-induced recanalization in @entity1 with @entity64 treated <3 hours from symptom onset and to investigate the relationship between arterial recanalization, @entity1188 volume, and outcome. METHODS: We prospectively studied 72 @entity1 with an acute @entity64 in the middle cerebral artery territory: 24 treated with rtPA at <3 hours and 48 matched controls. Serial transcranial Doppler examinations were performed on admission and at 6,12, 24, and 48 hours. @entity1188 volume was measured by use of CT at day 5 to 7. Modified Rankin Scale score was used to assess outcome at 3 months. RESULTS: Rate of 6-hour recanalization was higher (P<0.001) in the rtPA group (66%) than in the control group (15%). Five (20.8%) rtPA @entity1 and 15 (31.2%) controls recanalized between 6 and 12 hours, and 2 (8.3%) @entity1 and 12 (25%) controls between 12 and 48 hours, respectively. At 48 hours, 75% of rtPA @entity1 and 27% of controls had improved (P<0.001). @entity1188 volume was 50.2+/-40.3 cm(3) in rtPA @entity1 and 124.8+/-81.6 cm(3) in controls (P<0.001). Moreover, @entity1188 volume was associated strongly (P<0.001) with duration of @entity2500 . At 3 months, 14 (58%) rtPA @entity1 and 11 (23%) controls (P=0.037) became functionally independent (modified Rankin Scale score </=2). A close relationship (P=0.002) existed between modified Rankin Scale score at 3 months and time to reperfusion. In addition, clinical outcome was associated strongly (P=0.001) with degree of 6-hour recanalization. Logistic regression analysis identified National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score <17 (odds ratio 12.1, 95% confidence interval 2.8 to 68, P=0.001) and early recanalization (odds ratio 23.4, 95% confidence interval 5.4 to 96, P=0.001) as independent predictors of functional independence at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous rtPA is associated with early recanalization, which leads to lower @entity1188 size and better clinical outcome. Early recanalization is a powerful independent predictor of functional independence at 3 months.

title: Time course of XXXX -induced recanalization in acute @entity64 : a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cardioembolic stroke']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

answer: @entity1456 :: (100128998,Gene) :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']


abstract: A national study of care and outcomes in @entity1 born with a @entity3384 ( @entity3384 ) was performed over a 15-month period. Two cohorts of @entity1 ('5-year-olds' and '12-year-olds') were examined. There were 57 active cleft teams in the U.K. with 105 consultant orthodontists involved in the care of these @entity1 . Only 36 teams could provide basic data such as @entity1 names. Of the @entity1 , 47-51 per cent had neonatal appliances. The dental arch relationships were measured with the Goslon Index and a Five-Year-Old Index, 37-39 per cent of both age groups were either 'poor' or 'very poor'. Seventy per cent of the 12-year-old @entity1 had a Skeletal III relation and 42 per cent of bone grafts were seriously deficient or failed. Dental treatment for active caries was needed by 40 per cent of 5-year-olds and 20 per cent of 12-year-olds. In addition, the training of recently appointed consultant orthodontists involved in the care of these @entity1 was scrutinized. As a whole, the results were disappointing with standards of care not significantly raised in the last decade. Recommendations have been made to the Department of Health and the implications for the orthodontic profession are explored. Overall, it seems that fewer orthodontists will need to be involved in a centralized care model for these @entity1 .

title: The Clinical Standards Advisory Group (CSAG) Cleft XXXX Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['UCLP', 'unilateral cleft lip and palate']

answer: @entity3384 :: (MESH:D002971,Disease) :: ['Lip and Palate']


abstract: Klein (Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 50, 306-317, 1993) suggests that @entity4697 attacks are the result of a defective 'suffocation alarm' threshold that presents with @entity544 ( @entity515 ) @entity56 , exaggerated ventilatory response and @entity4697 in @entity4697 ( @entity4697 ) @entity1 . @entity942 enhance this ventilatory response in @entity4697 @entity1 , as per 'suffocation alarm' theory predictions, suggesting that @entity750 ( @entity750 ) normalizes the ventilatory response. Other research supports a @entity750 system-mediated stimulation of ventilation. Knowledge of @entity750 's role on ventilatory output and its neurophysiological sources impacts on the 'suffocation alarm' theory validity and predictive value. We used @entity2340 depletion (TRP-) in concert with a modified Read rebreathing test to determine the effect of @entity942 on the central and peripheral chemoreflex threshold and sensitivity of response to @entity515 in 11 healthy @entity1 . TRP- did not affect central or peripheral chemoreflex threshold or sensitivity of response to @entity515 . However, basal ventilation was significantly elevated during TRP-. In contrast to 'suffocation alarm' theory predictions, decreased @entity750 neurotransmission does not significantly affect the respiratory chemoreflex response to @entity515 , impacting on non-chemoreflex drives to breathe. @entity4697 associated @entity17220 may be related to defective @entity750 modulation of non-chemoreflex drives to breathe, unrelated to any @entity17220 .

title: Effects of XXXX depletion on central and peripheral chemoreflexes in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['Panic', 'panic', 'PD', 'panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity17220 :: ('MESH:D015619', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory abnormalities', 'respiratory chemoreflex abnormality']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['deficient serotonergic modulation', 'Serotonergic deficiencies']

answer: @entity2340 :: (CHEBI:27897,Chemical) :: ['tryptophan']


abstract: The role of @entity517 in prostatic carcinogenesis is poorly understood. The pathogenetic relationship between high-grade @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ), @entity263 , and @entity3 is not well-defined. We used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a region-specific probe for @entity517 (band 8q24) and chromosome enumeration probes for chromosomes 7, 8, 10, 12, and Y to evaluate genetic changes in matched @entity5436 (48 foci), localized @entity263 (71 foci), and lymph node @entity3 (23 foci) in 25 totally embedded whole-mount stage D1 (T2-3 N1-3 M0) radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy specimens. The @entity517 protein expression in these lesions was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Foci with extra copies of @entity517 could be divided into three groups: (a) those with simple gain of a whole chromosome 8 (no increase in @entity517 copy number relative to the chromosome 8 centromere), which was identified in 42, 25, and 46% of foci of @entity5436 , @entity189 , and @entity3 , respectively; (b) those with an intermediate increase in @entity517 copy number relative to the chromosome 8 centromere, which was found in 8, 11, and 25% of foci of @entity5436 , @entity189 , and @entity3 , respectively; and (c) those with substantial amplification of @entity517 (large increases in @entity517 copy number relative to the chromosome 8 centromere), which was detected in 0, 8, and 21% of foci of @entity5436 , @entity189 , and @entity3 , respectively. Substantial amplification of @entity517 was strongly correlated with increasing @entity5 nuclear grade and immunohistochemical evidence of @entity517 protein overexpression. Numeric @entity2008 were found in 67, 68, and 96% of foci of @entity5436 , @entity189 , and @entity3 , respectively. The most frequent @entity154 in @entity5436 and @entity189 was @entity1017 , and the presence of this @entity154 strongly correlated with Gleason score. @entity189 foci usually contained more FISH anomalies than paired @entity5436 foci, but three prostates contained one or more @entity5436 foci with @entity189 . Thirteen @entity5 foci exhibited intratumor genetic heterogeneity by FISH. One or more foci of the @entity5 usually shared FISH anomalies with the matched @entity3 . Our FISH results indicate that: (a) gain of chromosome 8 and amplification of @entity517 are potential markers of @entity263 progression; (b) @entity5436 is likely a precursor of @entity189 ; (c) intraglandular and intratumoral genetic heterogeneity is relatively common; and (d) usually a single focus of @entity5 gives rise to @entity3 .

title: Detection of @entity517 oncogene amplification and @entity2008 in metastatic XXXX by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma', 'prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma', 'carcinoma', 'more anomalies than carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['a gain of chromosome 8']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia', 'PIN']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic carcinoma']


abstract: The present study documents the correlation between gait analysis data and clinical measurements and evaluates the combined predictive value of static and dynamic clinical measurements on gait data of @entity1 with @entity306 . Two hundred @entity1 were evaluated using a set of measurements of range of motion (ROM), alignment, @entity508 , strength and selectivity, and by three-dimensional gait analysis. Fair to moderate correlations were found between clinical measurements and gait data, the overall highest correlation being 0.60. Clinical data of strength and selectivity had the highest degree of significant correlations with gait data, compared to the ROM and @entity508 . ROM, @entity508 and strength measurements for the hip in the coronal plane and @entity508 of rectus femoris most frequently showed fair to moderate correlations to gait data. Time and distance and EMG parameters mainly correlated with strength and selectivity parameters. Unexpectedly, alignment parameters only fairly correlated with @entity717 in stance. Multiple regression analysis revealed that adding dynamic clinical measurements ( @entity508 , strength and selectivity) to a static model (ROM) enhanced the link between clinical measurements and gait data. The variance of gait parameters was better explained by a combined model of static and dynamic clinical measurements, compared to a purely static model. However, R(2)-values were low. Gait analysis data cannot be sufficiently predicted by a combination of clinical measurements. The independence of the measurements supports the notion that both, clinical examination and gait analysis data provide important information for delineating the problems of @entity1 with @entity2723 .

title: Do dynamic and static clinical measurements correlate with gait analysis parameters in @entity1 with XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['hip rotation']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['cerebral palsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The majority of @entity7824 are benign. Approximately 25% of these rare @entity1221 are more aggressive, with an @entity1758 labeling index > 2% or atypical histologic features, and are classified as @entity7824 . The objective of this analysis was to define the optimal treatment for @entity1 with these @entity5 . METHODS: The first atypical @entity7824 was described in 1989. The @entity1 reported since then were reviewed for age, gender, extent of resection, @entity1758 index, histology, irradiation, local control, and survival. In addition to the data available in the literature, more relevant data were obtained from the authors of that literature. Treatment approaches included @entity1939 ( @entity1939 ), complete resection followed by radiotherapy ( @entity1939 -RT), incomplete resection alone (IR), and incomplete resection followed by radiotherapy (IR-RT). These four therapies were compared for local control and survival using Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log-rank test. RESULTS: Complete data were available on 85 @entity1 (15 @entity1 who underwent @entity1939 , 13 @entity1 who underwent @entity1939 -RT, 17 @entity1 who underwent IR, and 40 @entity1 who received IR-RT). Local control rates at 3 years and 5 years were 73% and 57% after @entity1939 , 81% and 53% after @entity1939 -RT, 21% and 7% after IR, and 85% and 70% after IR-RT, respectively (P < 0.0001). Survival rates at 3 years and 5 years and were 93% and 93% after @entity1939 , 90% and 90% after @entity1939 -RT, 65% and 43% after IR, and 87% and 78% after IR-RT, respectively (P = 0.0076). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who underwent @entity1939 achieved better local control and survival rates compared with @entity1 who underwent IR. After IR, @entity1 appeared to benefit from RT. A beneficial effect of RT after @entity1939 was not observed.

title: Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['atypical tumors']

entities_list: @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system tumors']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['CR', 'complete resection alone']

entities_list: @entity7824 :: ('MESH:D018306', 'Disease') :: ['atypical neurocytomas', 'neurocytoma', 'central neurocytomas']

answer: @entity7824 :: (MESH:D018306,Disease) :: ['atypical neurocytomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of a stretching and strengthening exercise program using an @entity2045 robot, as compared with a conventional occupational therapy program for @entity2045 @entity508 in @entity64 @entity1 . METHODS: Subjects were randomly divided into a @entity34 ( @entity34 ) group and a conventional rehabilitation therapy (CT) group. @entity34 group @entity1 received @entity34 and CT once daily for 30 minutes each, 5 days a week, for 2 weeks. @entity34 was performed using an upper-extremity robot (Neuro-X; Apsun Inc., Seoul, Korea), and CT was administered by occupational therapists. CT group @entity1 received CT alone twice daily for 30 minutes, 5 days a week, for 2 weeks. Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) was used to measure the @entity508 of @entity2045 . Manual muscle tests (MMT), Manual Function Tests (MFT), Brunnstrom stage, and the Korean version of Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI) were used to measure the strength and function of @entity2045 . All measurements were obtained before and after 2-week treatment. RESULTS: The @entity34 and CT groups included 22 subjects each. After treatment, both groups showed significantly lower MAS scores and significant improvement in the MMT, MFT, Brunnstrom stage, and K-MBI scores. Treatment effects showed no significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSION: @entity34 showed similar treatment benefits on @entity508 , as compared to CT. The study results suggested that @entity34 could be a useful method for continuous, repeatable, and relatively accurate range of motion exercise in @entity64 @entity1 with @entity508 .

title: Effect of Upper Extremity Robot-Assisted Exercise on Spasticity in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['robot-assisted therapy', 'RT']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) have cognitive changes resulting, presumably, from a progressive disruption of the functional integrity of frontostriatal circuitry. OBJECTIVE: To assess the cognitive state of two brothers with early onset @entity74 and a large deletion in the parkin gene, and to compare it to that of @entity1 with sporadic young onset @entity191 (YOPD). METHOD: Two brothers with @entity304 and deletion of axons 4-6 of the parkin gene (ages 51, 55 years; duration of symptoms, 22, 29 years respectively) and 4 randomly selected @entity1 with YOPD (mean age 47.8+/-4.9 years; mean duration of symptoms, 11.5+/-1.9 years) were administered a neuropsychological battery at "on" state. We assessed global cognitive state using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), orientation, attention, memory, language, ideational praxis, constructive praxis and executive functions (shifting aptitude, verbal fluency, sequencing). RESULTS: The older of the two brothers with EO-AR @entity304 had @entity303 according to DSM IV criteria, and MMSE score of 24, whereas the other had normal global cognitive status with mild cognitive changes (MMSE=29). The older brother had impaired memory tasks. Storage and retrieval capacities were defective on both immediate and delayed recalls, naming, constructional praxis, selective attention, shifting aptitude and phonemic and semantic fluency were also affected. The younger brother had difficulties in retrieval on delayed recall, selective attention, phonetic fluency, shifting aptitude and sequencing. This neuropsychological profile clearly differs from that of the YOPD @entity1 , none of whom displayed @entity73 . CONCLUSIONS: Our @entity1 with parkin mutation performed poorly on neuropsychological tests compared to those with YOPD. This difference could reflect the longer disease duration or the nature of the degenerative process.

title: Parkin mutation associated @entity304 and XXXX , comparison to early onset @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive (EO-AR) parkinsonism']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive decline']


abstract: @entity1985 @entity1 and @entity35 with experimentally induced @entity1985 have elevated plasma @entity1674 and impaired @entity412 removal. This may be due to a defective interaction of chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins with lipoprotein lipase. Since the glycosaminoglycan, heparan @entity597 , was found to stimulate the lipoprotein lipase reaction in vitro, we investigated the plasma heparan @entity597 content and measured the urinary excretion of heparan @entity597 in control @entity35 and @entity35 with experimentally induced @entity1985 . In addition, we studied the effect of heparan @entity597 on the rate of removal of radiolabeled chylomicrons in @entity1985 @entity35 . Glycosaminoglycan concentrations in plasma were the same in control and @entity1985 @entity35 , although 35S incorporation in high charge glycosaminoglycans was markedly reduced. In addition, in @entity1985 @entity35 there is a marked reduction in the urinary excretion of @entity31847 and chondroitin @entity597 suggesting a markedly reduced turnover of these glycosaminoglycans. This was associated with increased plasma @entity1674 in @entity1985 @entity35 . @entity1985 @entity35 showed a reduced rate of clearance of injected chylomicrons. Intravenous administration of heparan @entity597 completely and immediately corrected the chylomicron @entity154 . We also noted a log-dose response effect of administered heparan @entity597 on chylomicron removal. This effect was not due to a release of soluble lipoprotein lipase by heparan @entity597 . These findings suggest that a rapidly turning over fraction of plasma heparan @entity597 may play an important role in chylomicron clearance.

title: Glycosaminoglycans and chylomicron metabolism in control and @entity1985 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['removal defect']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity31847 :: ('MESH:D006497', 'Chemical') :: ['heparan sulfate']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic', 'Nephrotic', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Spore formation is a common process in the developmental cycle of fungi. In the @entity375 @entity375 , @entity39539 is a key protein kinase for the meiotic cell cycle, which precedes ascospore formation. Here, we analysed the @entity39539 -related imeB gene of the filamentous ascomycete @entity14940 . imeB deletion strains are retarded in growth and overproduce fertile sexual fruiting bodies in the presence of light, which normally represses sexual development. imeB mutants also display abnormal differentiation of sexual H  lle cells in submerged cultures. Increased sexual development of imeB mutants is dependent on VeA, a component of the heterotrimeric velvet complex. A combined deletion of imeB with the phytochrome fphA, a red light receptor, results in a complete loss of light response, suggesting that ImeB and FphA cooperate in light-mediated inhibition of sexual development. Furthermore, we found that imeB mutants fail to produce the mycotoxin @entity45905 , an @entity11189 precursor, and show that ImeB is needed for expression of the sterigmatocystin gene cluster. ImeB contains a TXY motif conserved in mitogen-activated protein kinases. This sequence element is essential for ImeB function. We conclude that ImeB is a mitogen-activated protein kinase-related protein kinase required for the co-ordinated control of light-dependent development with mycotoxin production.

title: The protein kinase ImeB is required for light-mediated inhibition of sexual development and for mycotoxin production in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14940 :: ('162425', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus nidulans']

entities_list: @entity45905 :: ('MESH:D013241', 'Chemical') :: ['sterigmatocystin']

entities_list: @entity11189 :: ('MESH:D000348', 'Chemical') :: ['aflatoxin']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity14940 :: (162425,Species) :: ['Aspergillus nidulans']


abstract: @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) increases with the menopause and is an independent predictor of the @entity209 , @entity6 , and @entity65 ( @entity65 ) in @entity1 . Little is known about how hormonal changes during the menopausal transition are related to the increase in @entity1386 . We aimed to determine the relationship between bioavailable @entity251 and @entity1386 in middle-aged @entity1 at various stages of the menopausal transition and whether this relationship is independent of age and other @entity65 risk factors. The Study of @entity1 's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) is a longitudinal, community-based study. This report uses baseline data from a population-based longitudinal ancillary study at the Chicago site to examine the cross-sectional relationship between @entity251 and computed tomography (CT)-assessed @entity1386 in @entity1 at different stages of the menopausal transition. Included are 359 @entity1 (47.2% black), aged 42-60 years, who were randomly selected from a complete community census in which a 72% participation rate was achieved. In multivariate models, bioavailable @entity251 was associated with @entity1386 independent of age, race, percent total body fat, and other cardiovascular risk factors. Bioavailable @entity251 was a stronger predictor than @entity53 and was interchangeable in its strength of association with @entity443 ( @entity443 ). As bioavailable @entity251 was associated with @entity1386 even after adjusting for insulin resistance, this suggests that it plays an important role in regional fat distribution. Our findings may have direct implications in explaining the effect of menopause-related @entity251 predominance on @entity1386 accumulation and subsequent cardiovascular risk.

title: XXXX and visceral fat in midlife @entity1 : the Study of @entity1 's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) fat patterning study.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['Visceral fat', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone-binding globulin', 'SHBG']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['Testosterone']


abstract: @entity10189 ( @entity10189 ) in @entity309 @entity1 is associated with NSAID use. This study aimed to validate the predictive value of presumed risk factors for NSAID-associated @entity10189 in a prospective gastroscopic study in @entity309 @entity1 . Eighty-one NSAID using @entity309 @entity1 were prospectively divided into four presumed risk groups according to @entity1534 status and history of @entity10189 . As additional risk factors the following were analysed: upper @entity344 ; disability; daily dose of NSAID and antral @entity3621 . The presence of @entity10189 in the four risk groups did not differ. Additionally it was found that a history of @entity10189 was predictive for current @entity10189 [odds ratio (OR) 3.9; 95% CI 1.1-14]. @entity1534 status was not predictive. Transformation from one @entity1066 type to another was rare. NSAID dose was not a risk factor, while disability was of borderline importance (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1-4.8). Current @entity1729 were bad predictors. @entity10189 only occurred with a concomitant antral @entity3621 . A history of @entity10189 , disability and antral @entity3621 were the most important predictors for current @entity10189 . When an @entity1066 relapsed it was of the same @entity1066 type as had been present earlier. This may have practical implications for prophylaxis enabling stratification by previous @entity1066 type.

title: A gastroscopic study of the predictive value of risk factors for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-associated @entity1066 in @entity309 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['PUD', 'Peptic ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal GI complaints']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper GI complaints']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: We assessed late onset @entity295 (LOS) rates of neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) before and after implementing an evidence-based bundle to prevent these infections in a country with poor resources. METHODS: We evaluate trends of LOS between October 2010 and August 2012 in a large tertiary hospital in Brazil. We designed a protocol based of CDC guidelines for insertion of maintenance of central venous catheter @entity281 . During this period two major events occurred: a great increase of LOS rates in January months and relocation of the unit to a provisory place. Additionally we evaluated the risk factors and etiology of these infections. RESULTS: A total of 112 (20.3%) cases defined as LOS were found. The overall incidence rate of LOS in the study was 16.1/1000 @entity1 /days and 23.0/1000 CVC-days. Our monthly rates data of LOS/1000 @entity1 -day reveal fluctuations over the studied period, with incidence rates of these infections in staff vacation period (January 2011 and 2012) significantly higher (59.6/1000 @entity1 -days) than compared with the other months rates (16.6/1000 @entity1 -days) (IRR=3.59; p<0.001). As opposite, the incidence rates of LOS during relocation period was lower (10.3/1000 @entity1 -days) when compared with baseline period 26.7/1000 @entity1 -days (IRR=2.59; p=0.007). After the intervention period, these rates decreased in the post intervention period, when compared with preintervention 14.7/1000 @entity1 -days and 23.4/1000 @entity1 -days, respectively (IRR=1.59; p=0.04). CONCLUSION: Through simple infection control measures, LOS can be successfully controlled especially in NICUs of limited resources countries such as ours.

title: Late onset XXXX in newborn babies: epidemiology and effect of a bundle to prevent central line associated bloodstream infections in the neonatal intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['targeted to reduction of bloodstream infections']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: A multicenter phase I-II trial was carried out with the aim of identifying the dose-limiting @entity137 and the maximum tolerated dose of @entity1206 (VNR) in combination with pegylated liposomal @entity632 at a dose of 20 mg/m(2) every 15 days in @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 . In the phase I part of the trial, VNR was given at a dose of 20 mg/m(2) every 15 days to a group of 3 @entity1 . In absence of unacceptable @entity137 , VNR was escalated to 25, 30, and 35 mg/m(2) for subsequent groups of 3 @entity1 , until the dose-limiting @entity137 was reached. No case of @entity5515 was recorded in these @entity1 . Grade 4 @entity1398 , grade 3 @entity882 , and grade 3 @entity33 were the dose-limiting @entity137 recorded in @entity1 treated with VNR 35 mg/m(2). These side effects caused a substantial decrease in programmed dose intensity. Therefore 30 mg/m(2) was considered the maximum tolerated dose of VNR in combination with pegylated liposomal @entity632 20 mg/m(2), both given every 15 days. These dosages were employed for the treatment of further 18 @entity1 included in phase II of the study. The overall response rate, calculated according to an intention to treat analysis, was 63% (95% CI: 44-80%), with 2 @entity1 achieving a complete response. The median time to progression was 7.0 months or more (range 2-14 months). Median duration of objective responses was 8.4 months or more. The duration of the 2 complete responses was 9 and 14 months, respectively. Median duration of survival was 16.0 months or more (range from 4.0 to >or=24.0). @entity137 was generally mild and easily manageable. @entity1398 and @entity33 were the most frequently recorded side effects. A case of @entity5515 was recorded in phase II of the study. In conclusion, the maximum tolerated dose of VNR in association with pegylated liposomal @entity632 is 30 mg/m(2) on a bimonthly schedule. Moreover, the combination of VNR and pegylated liposomal @entity632 is active against metastatic @entity0 and is associated with a good @entity137 profile. Further studies with this combination regimen are warranted.

title: Pegylated liposomal XXXX with @entity1206 in metastatic @entity0 . A phase I-II clinical investigation.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia', 'neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity5515 :: ('MESH:D017499', 'Disease') :: ['palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Black @entity1 have the greatest burden of @entity204 and disability from @entity101 ( @entity101 ) in the United States, and the highest incidence and mortality from @entity14 ( @entity14 ). While several clinical trials have reported beneficial effects of lifestyle changes on blood pressure (BP) reduction, and improved @entity14 screening with @entity1 navigation (PN), the effectiveness of these approaches in community-based settings remains understudied, particularly among Black @entity1 . METHODS/DESIGN: MISTER B is a two-parallel-arm randomized controlled trial that will compare the effect of a motivational interviewing tailored lifestyle intervention (MINT) versus a culturally targeted PN intervention on improvement of BP and @entity14 screening among black @entity1 aged >= 50 with uncontrolled @entity101 who are eligible for @entity14 screening. Approximately 480 self-identified black @entity1 will be randomly assigned to one of the two study conditions. This innovative research design allows each intervention to serve as the control for the other. Specifically, the MINT arm is the control condition for the PN arm, and vice-versa. This novel, simultaneous testing of two community-based interventions in a randomized fashion is an economical and yet rigorous strategy that also enhances the acceptability of the project. @entity1 will be recruited during scheduled screening events at barbershops in New York City. Trained research assistants will conduct the lifestyle intervention, while trained community health workers will deliver the PN intervention. The primary outcomes will be 1) within- @entity1 change in systolic and diastolic BP from baseline to six months and 2) @entity14 screening rates at six months. DISCUSSION: This innovative study will provide a unique opportunity to test two interventions for two health disparities simultaneously in community-based settings. Our study is one of the first to test culturally targeted @entity1 navigation for @entity14 screening among black @entity1 in barbershops. Thus, our study has the potential to improve the reach of @entity101 control and @entity5 prevention efforts within a high-risk population that is under-represented in primary care settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01092078.

title: A novel community-based study to address disparities in XXXX and @entity14 : a study protocol for a randomized control trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'HTN']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['premature death']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The application of a new technique of intraoperative @entity221 (IOHT) and intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) was investigated for unresectable @entity189 . A 43-year-old white male presented with severe @entity615 due to @entity420 in the left paravertebral area, producing erosion of the body of T12. The disease had not responded to external beam radiation therapy. The @entity5 was approached through a thoraco-abdominal incision and IOHT was delivered via interstitial electrodes. Temperature was monitored at 16 locations within the @entity5 . An LCF @entity221 unit was utilized to deliver RF power and produced a treatment temperature of 43 degrees C for 60 minutes uniformly throughout the treatment volume. Immediately following @entity221 treatment, the lesion was treated with 15 meV electrons via IORT to a @entity5 dose of 25Gy. The @entity1 recovered without complication and had complete relief from @entity158 . Posttreatment CT scans have demonstrated control of disease over a 5-month follow-up period. A clinical pilot study has been established to further investigate the application of this combination therapy.

title: Intraoperative @entity221 in conjunction with intraoperative radiation therapy in a radiation-resistant XXXX of the abdomen: report on the feasibility of a new technique.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial hyperthermia', 'hyperthermia']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: Serum soluble Interleukin-2 receptor levels (sIL-2R) were measured in 121 @entity1 (pts) with @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and in 30 @entity1 with @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ). Sera collected from 32 normal volunteers and 18 @entity1 with @entity281 or a variety of @entity1503 served as controls. A small number of @entity1 with @entity5734 ( @entity5734 ) and @entity978 ( @entity978 ) were also studied. @entity1893 @entity1 were classified according to their clinical status as "active" (82 pts) or "non-active" (39 pts) and @entity1072 according to the stage of their disease. @entity1893 @entity1 were also further classified as low (55 pts), intermediate (38 pts) and high grade malignancy (28 pts), according to the @entity1442 . A significant difference was found between the high levels of sIL-2R in @entity1 with "active" disease and the lower levels in @entity1 with quiescent or responsive disease. Significantly different high levels were found in @entity1 with @entity146 (intermediate and high grade) @entity706 as opposed to @entity1893 and @entity1072 . In @entity1072 itself higher levels of sIL-2R were seen in more @entity66 . Thirteen @entity1 with active @entity978 ( @entity978 ) had moderately elevated sIL-2R levels, similar to those recorded for @entity1 with @entity281 and some non-malignant @entity1503 while another 13 @entity978 @entity1 in remission, had normal levels comparable to those recorded in normal controls. Extremely high levels of sIL-2R were seen in 2 @entity1 with @entity978 with severe @entity1800 and levels approaching those seen in @entity5734 , were noted (20-30,000 u/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels are associated with clinical disease status and histopathological grade in XXXX and @entity1072 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease than in early disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5734 :: ('MESH:D007943', 'Disease') :: ['HCL', 'Hairy cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'Chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['non malignant hematological disorders', 'hematological disorders']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['Working formulation scheme']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL', 'low grade lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Two-phase diagnostic surveys are popular in @entity146 epidemiology. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) are commonly used to screen in older and younger populations, respectively. METHOD: In Phase I, in this Brazilian population-based study, we screened 392 @entity1 aged >or= 75 years. In Phase II, half of those scoring >or= 11 in the GDS and >or= 4 in the GHQ and 20% of others were selected for detailed evaluation with ICD-10 diagnoses assessed by the @entity922 ( @entity922 ) (n = 126). RESULTS: Internal consistencies were good for all scales. At the optimal cut-off points GDS-30 (14/15) yielded 73% sensitivity and 65% specificity, while classical GHQ (4/5), Likert (15/16) and c-GHQ (5/6) yielded 66-75% sensitivity and 57-62% specificity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis against @entity922 indicated only moderate screening potential [area under the ROC curve (AUROC): GDS = 0.76; classical GHQ = 0.74; Likert = 0.76; c-GHQ = 0.73], with no statistically significant differences. All measures were biased by disability and self-reported health. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, neither screen was sufficiently predictive of @entity922 ICD-10 diagnosis to recommend their use in two-phase surveys. Despite its theoretical advantages, the GDS-30 performed no better than the GHQ-12, and was biased in similar ways.

title: Is the GDS-30 better than the GHQ-12 for screening depression in elderly XXXX in the community? The Bambui Health Aging Study (BHAS).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['SCAN', 'Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical, neuroimaging 51 with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and evolutive findings in 12 @entity1 with @entity7173 ( @entity7173 ). Five @entity1 show @entity16 and seven only show @entity75 without neurologic or/ and @entity854 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five mothers and seven daughters from four families were studied and followed between 1965 and 2004. The studies consisted of detailed clinical history since birth, physical examination, family history, EEG recordings and MRI studies. In some @entity1 , at least three MRI studies were performed during our follow-up. All @entity1 were followed-up since their first visit until 2004. Including four @entity1 since birth or early infancy. Skin biopsies were obtained from two @entity1 for histological study. RESULTS: MRI studies revealed @entity75 in five @entity1 who had neurologic signs associated with the @entity75 of @entity7173 . @entity75 were bilateral in four and unilateral in one. Cerebellar changes were observed only in one case who also showed severe @entity75 . The lesions involved @entity62 of one or both cerebral hemispheres. Lesions usually were localized and extended radially to involve all the cerebral parenchyma between ependyma and cortex. Affected areas did not correspond to territories vascularized by any determined artery. The corpus callosum showed generalized or localized atrophy in the five @entity1 who had cerebral hemispheric lesions. Although parenchymal changes were seen in both the T1 and T2 weighted images, these were most evident in the latter. @entity66 were most severe in @entity1 with neonatal severe @entity75 , especially if these were located in the scalp. @entity75 were present from birth or the first months of life and changed little thereafter. The acute appearance and distribution of @entity75 always during the neonatal period, associated with scalp lesions in stage 1, suggest an acute inflammatory origin of unknown etiology and of nonprogressive course. @entity3217 were directly related with @entity75 . @entity1 who only had @entity75 without neurologic symptoms showed no @entity854 . CONCLUSIONS: Neuroimaging studies reveals @entity75 only in @entity1 with @entity16 in this serie. The @entity75 may involve one or both cerebral hemispheres, corpus callosum, and cerebellum. The @entity75 correlate with the neonatal scalp lesions in stage 1, suggests an inflammatory process of unknown etiology and non-progressive course. The appearance and distribution of the @entity75 do not follow the territories vascularized by specific arteries. @entity3217 are observed only in @entity1 with severe cerebral changes. Early onset of @entity75 may be the most reasonable explanation for the progressive @entity4242 within the first year of life in @entity7173 .

title: [Incontinentia XXXX : clinical and neuroimaging findings in a series of 12 @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'girls', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Parenchymal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral lesions', 'brain lesions', 'Brain lesions', 'cerebral abnormalities', 'Cerebral lesions', 'brain abnormalities', 'cutaneous lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disease', 'cutaneous and neurological lesions']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['MRI abnormalities', 'ophthalmologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['cortex, subcortical and deep white matter, ependymal and subependymal zones']

entities_list: @entity7173 :: ('MESH:D007184', 'Disease') :: ['incontinentia pigmenti', 'IP']

answer: @entity7173 :: (MESH:D007184,Disease) :: ['pigmenti']


abstract: The subcellular origin of membranes from @entity35 skeletal muscle that contain insulin-responsive @entity413 transporters was investigated. @entity35 skeletal muscle membranes were prepared by isopycnic centrifugation in @entity969 gradients. In vivo insulin treatment increased the content of @entity19617 @entity413 transporters in the 25% @entity969 fraction (enriched in the plasma membrane marker @entity14491 ) and decreased it in the 35% @entity969 fraction (devoid of plasma membrane markers). The possibility of endothelial cell membrane contamination in these fractions was investigated using a mouse monoclonal antibody, MRC OX-43, raised against a cell surface protein specific to @entity35 vascular endothelium. MRC OX-43 did not react with any of the muscle membrane fractions, but did recognize a protein of around 100 kDa in extracts of @entity1 endothelial cells and @entity35 aorta. An antibody to the @entity7236 receptor of skeletal muscle, IIC12, was used to determine the presence of transverse tubules in these fractions. IIC12 reacted positively with a 180-kDa protein in purified @entity35 transverse tubules. In contrast, this antibody did not cross-react with the 25% or 35% @entity969 fractions. The 25% @entity969 fraction was devoid of calsequestrin and @entity8452 receptor, cisternal sarcoplasmic reticulum markers. However, small amounts of these proteins were detected in the 35% @entity969 fraction. The results suggest that the 25% @entity969 fraction represents plasma membranes, while the 35% @entity969 fraction is an insulin-sensitive intracellular fraction that contains, but is not enriched in, sarcoplasmic reticulum cisternae. The results further show that insulin-induced recruitment of @entity19617 transporters in skeletal muscles can be demonstrated independently of @entity19617 recruitment in endothelial cells.

title: Characterization of XXXX transporter-enriched membranes from @entity35 skeletal muscle: assessment of endothelial cell contamination and presence of sarcoplasmic reticulum and transverse tubules.

entities_list: @entity7236 :: ('MESH:C038806', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity291 @entity378 has led to serious economic losses for Sika Deer producers in China. Strategies for controlling the spread of @entity2497 are often hampered by a lack of epidemiological data. Specifically, tracing infections requires the ability to trace back infections, which, in turn, requires the ability to determine isolates with a common source. This study was planned to assess the discriminatory power of each mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit (MIRU)-variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) locus and evaluate the most appropriate combination of MIRU-VNTR loci for molecular epidemiological studies on Sika Deer in China. RESULTS: The discriminatory power of MIRU-VNTR typing based on 22 known loci (12 MIRUs, 2 ETRs, 4 QUBs, and 4 Mtubs) were assessed in 96   @entity2497 strains collected sequentially from Sika Deer at a slaughterhouse in northeastern China. We defined four loci (MIRU4, ETRA, QUB11b, and Mtub4) as highly discriminative, eight loci (MIRU2, MIRU23, MIRU27, MIRU31, MIRU39, MIRU40, QUB26, and Mtub21) as moderately discriminative, and three loci (MIRU16, Mtub30, and Mtub34) as poorly discriminative. The final locus showed no polymorphism between strains. MIRU-VNTR typing as a whole was highly discriminative, with an overall allelic diversity of 0.897. Of the loci tested, the four highly discriminative loci and eight moderately discriminative loci proved to be most appropriate for first line typing of @entity2499 from Sika Deer, with the same resolving ability as all 22 loci (H   =   0.897). CONCLUSIONS: MIRU-VNTR typing is quick and effective for typing @entity291 @entity378 isolates from Sika Deer in China.

title: Evaluation of MIRU-VNTR for typing of XXXX isolated from Sika deer in Northeast China.

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity2497 :: ('1765', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium bovis']

answer: @entity2497 :: (1765,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium bovis']


abstract: A prospective study was carried out to analyze the evolution of @entity1 who survived penetrating @entity299 . A total of 642 @entity1 were evaluated. A 1-year follow-up, which included physical examinations, electrocardiography, echocardiography and stress tests, was completed in 192 @entity1 . Data processing included calculation of average and percentage values. At follow-up, 90% of @entity1 were asymptomatic at 2 days after surgery, with normal cardiac monitoring; baseline and control ECGs showed @entity583 in 9.1% of @entity1 . Baseline ECGs showed @entity2396 as well in 27% of @entity1 and repolarization changes in 35.2%. The latter became normal within 1 to 6 months after the @entity130 . All (100%) of the @entity1 had a functional status I stress test, and 56% had a normal echocardiography. In conclusion, the epidemiologic behavior of penetrating @entity299 is identical to that of general @entity130 . ECG is useful during the postsurgery period for diagnosis of traumatic @entity583 . Likewise, the stress test is useful in @entity1 with @entity583 and echocardiography in the presence of either @entity583 or any symptom suggesting anatomic or functional alterations of the heart.

title: XXXX : follow-up study including electrocardiography, echocardiography, and functional test.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac trauma']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Penetrating cardiac trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1789 predisposes some subjects to @entity1165 and @entity1164 . Mutations in @entity1788 gene have been associated with approximately 25% of @entity1789 @entity1 . A common variant in @entity1788 , @entity59270 has shown to improve @entity1372 channel activity in mutated channels. We studied whether common variant @entity59270 has any clinical implications in the phenotype of @entity1789 . METHODS: Our study population consisted of @entity1789 subjects 75 with @entity1788 mutation and 92 without @entity1788 mutation. Their mean age was 39 +/- 15 and 42 +/- 17 years, and 65% and 86% were male, respectively. We measured PR-, QRS-, QTc-intervals from leads II and V2 of the 12-lead ECG. We also evaluated J-point amplitude from lead V2 and R'/S ratio from lead aVR (the "aVR sign"). The @entity59270 ( @entity4866 ) genotype was detected with direct sequencing of the @entity1788 gene. RESULTS: The AA genotype carriers had longer QRS duration in lead II (P = 0.017) and higher J-point elevation in lead V2 (P = 0.013), higher "aVR sign" (P = 0.005) and a trend toward more subjects with symptoms (P = 0.067) than G allele carriers. None of the results were significant in @entity1789 subjects without @entity1788 mutation. CONCLUSION: The common variant @entity59270 seems to be a genetic modulator of @entity1789 among carriers of a @entity1788 mutation, in whom the presence of the less common allele G improves the ECG characteristics and clinical phenotype.

title: Genetic modulation of XXXX by a common polymorphism.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1789 :: ('MESH:D053840', 'Disease') :: ['Brugada syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias']

answer: @entity1789 :: (MESH:D053840,Disease) :: ['brugada syndrome']


abstract: @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) is a multisystem @entity792 characterized by various @entity1200 . @entity8185 ( @entity4601 ), a metabolite of @entity507 , has been recently reported to exhibit immunosuppressive properties. The present study aims to determine the effects of @entity4601 on spleen cell activation triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and investigate the effects of @entity4601 on LPS-induced activation of the @entity1990 ( @entity1990 )/interferon regulatory factor (IRF) signaling pathway. Spleen cells from lupus-prone MRL/lpr @entity19 were isolated, prepared and cultured. Cells were treated with LPS alone or LPS with @entity4601 , and spleen cell proliferation was analyzed using MTS assay. Protein expressions of @entity1990 , @entity14055 , and @entity26188 were analyzed by Western blot. @entity14055 phosphorylation was also determined. Gene expression levels of @entity12419 and @entity12421 were measured using real-time PCR, and protein levels in cells' supernatants were determined by ELISA. @entity4601 was found to inhibit LPS-induced spleen cell proliferation, decrease LPS-induced protein expression of @entity1990 , and inhibit @entity14055 phosphorylation. Furthermore, LPS significantly induced @entity14055 expression and slightly increased @entity26188 expression in the nucleus of spleen cells, which was accompanied by enhanced @entity12419 and @entity12421 production. @entity4601 inhibited the effects of LPS in spleen cells of MRL/lpr @entity19 . Taken together, the data obtained reveal that @entity4601 inhibits LPS-induced cell activation possibly by suppressing the @entity1990 /IRF/IFN pathway in spleen cells of MRL/lpr @entity19 . These data suggest that @entity4601 has the potential therapeutic utility for the treatment of @entity1252 .

title: XXXX inhibits activation of the @entity1990 signaling pathway and production of type I interferon in spleen cells from lupus-prone MRL/lpr @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'Systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity8185 :: ('MESH:C039060', 'Chemical') :: ['Dihydroartemisinin']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity507 :: ('MESH:C031327', 'Chemical') :: ['artemisinin']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity8185 :: (MESH:C039060,Chemical) :: ['Dihydroartemisinin']


abstract: We have examined the effects of endothelin (ET) on the renal microcirculation by in vivo microscopy using the model of the split hydronephrotic @entity35 kidney. ET, a potent vasoconstrictor peptide synthesized by vascular endothelial cells, showed marked and long-lasting effects on glomerular blood flow and vessel diameters in various segments of the renal vascular bed. Intravenously applied ET (100 ng/min/kg) increased systemic blood pressure from 123 +/- 7 to 156 +/- 4 mm Hg, decreased glomerular blood flow by 70%, and preferentially constricted larger preglomerular vessels, e.g. the arcuate artery. The competitive leukotriene antagonist @entity1439 significantly attenuated the vasoconstrictor response of the larger vessels. Local ET administration decreased glomerular blood flow in a dose-dependent manner (50% reduction at a concentration of 2.6 +/- 0.7 x 10(-9) M) and constricted smaller vessel segments, e.g. the afferent and efferent arterioles near the glomerulus. The constriction induced by ET was not significantly affected by the @entity141 channel blocker @entity9805 (2.8 x 10(-6) to 1.1 x 10(-5) M). We conclude that intravenous ET effects are probably mediated by @entity4443 , inducing constriction of larger renal vessels. Locally administered ET acts directly on the renal vasculature, especially on smaller vessels.

title: Effects of endothelin on the renal microcirculation of the split hydronephrotic XXXX kidney.

entities_list: @entity4443 :: ('MESH:D015289', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotrienes']

entities_list: @entity9805 :: ('MESH:D009568', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrendipine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Brain renin-angiotensin system @entity2915 has been implicated in the development and maintenance of @entity101 . We reported previously in the brain that @entity31160 and aminopeptidase N are involved in the metabolism of @entity1808 , respectively. By using in vivo specific and selective @entity31160 and aminopeptidase N inhibitors, we showed that angiotensin III is one of the main effector peptides of the brain renin-angiotensin system, exerting a tonic stimulatory control more than blood pressure in @entity101 @entity35 . @entity31160 , the enzyme generating brain angiotensin III, thus represents a potential target for the treatment of @entity101 . We demonstrated here the antihypertensive effects of @entity61588 , a prodrug of the specific and selective @entity31160 inhibitor, @entity61589 , in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 , a model of @entity1 essential @entity101 . Oral administration of @entity61588 in conscious spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 inhibited brain @entity31160 activity, demonstrating the central bioavailability of @entity61588 and its ability to generate @entity61589 into the brain. Oral @entity61588 treatment dose-dependently reduced blood pressure in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 with an ED(50) of 30 mg/kg, lasting for several hours. This decrease in blood pressure is partly attributed to a decrease in sympathetic tone, reducing vascular resistance. This treatment did not modify systemic renin-angiotensin system activity. Concomitant oral administration of @entity61588 with a systemic renin-angiotensin system blocker, @entity4688 , potentiated the @entity61588 -induced blood pressure decrease achieved in <2 hours. Thus, @entity61588 may be the prototype of a new class of centrally active antihypertensive agents that might be used in combination with classic systemic renin-angiotensin system blockers to improve blood pressure control.

title: Central antihypertensive effects of orally active XXXX inhibitors in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity31160 :: ('64017(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Aminopeptidase A', 'aminopeptidase A']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1808 :: ('24179(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II and angiotensin III']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

answer: @entity31160 :: (64017(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['aminopeptidase A']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of extended 12-core prostate biopsy in improving the detection rate of @entity263 and increasing the accuracy of Gleason score. METHODS: This study included 113 @entity1 who underwent TRUS-guided lateral sextant biopsy (group I) and 176 @entity1 who underwent extended 12-core biopsy (group II). Inclusion criteria for prostate biopsy were elevated serum PSA levels (>3.0 ng/ml) and/or suspicious digital rectal examination (DRE). RESULTS: Clinical characteristics were similar in both groups. @entity5 was detected in 28 (24.8%) and 64 (36.4%) @entity1 in group I and II respectively, chi2=4.26, p=0.039. Among @entity1 with @entity5 in group I, 14 were treated by radical prostatectomy (RP). The median Gleason sum was 6 (range 3-8) and 7 (range 5-9) for needle and prostatectomy specimens respectively. There was an agreement between the biopsy and prostatectomy Gleason sum in 7 (50%) @entity1 while the biopsy Gleason sum was lower in 7 (50%) cases. Among @entity1 with @entity5 in group II, 27 were treated by RP. The median and the range of Gleason sum was the same for needle and prostatectomy specimen (median 6, range 4-9). There was an agreement between the biopsy and prostatectomy specimen in 23 (85.2%) @entity1 while the biopsy sum was lower than prostatectomy in 4 (14.8%) @entity1 . The agreement between the biopsy and prostatectomy specimen was significantly higher in group II (82.5%) than group I (50%), Fisher's Exact Test, p=0.026. CONCLUSION: Extended 12-core prostate biopsy significantly increases both the detection rate of @entity263 and the accuracy of biopsy Gleason score.

title: Extended 12-core prostate biopsy increases both the detection of XXXX and the accuracy of Gleason score.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Adult @entity409 is characterized by multiple diffuse cystic lesions of the liver, usually in association with @entity8 . Rarely, significant @entity409 will produce enough symptoms to call for surgical attention. Symptoms range from simple compression to fatal @entity1578 . Treatment of seven @entity1 (six @entity1 ) with symptomatic @entity409 over 18 months is reported. Rapidly progressing @entity1578 and @entity295 from @entity281 following puncture developed in one @entity1 and precluded surgery. Another presented with an acute abdomen and @entity417 from @entity96 and was treated conservatively. Five @entity1 with massive @entity382 and compression symptoms underwent fenestration and resection to debulk the cystic liver mass. No intra-abdominal drains were used after operation and there were no hospital deaths. One @entity1 developed a @entity1157 which was managed by percutaneous drainage. Clinical approach, complications and treatment options in adult @entity409 are reviewed.

title: Clinical experience with adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cyst bleeding']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease', 'polycystic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infected ascites']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['polycystic liver disease']


abstract: The expression of leucocyte adhesion facilitating molecules on endothelia is a major stimulus for tissue @entity32 and cell infiltration. Recently, specific receptor ligands have been identified that mediate cellular adhesion of lymphocytes or monocytes. In the present study, sequential changes in the expression of immune adhesion receptors ( @entity1453 , @entity3138 ) and their ligand molecules ( @entity2071 , @entity7937 ) were studied in heart allografts during rejection. Consecutive endomyocardial biopsies (n = 157; d.3-1013) of 16 heart transplanted @entity1 were studied using monoclonal antibodies and standard immunohistology. In biopsies that showed no rejection, immune adhesion molecules ( @entity2071 ) were weakly expressed on a few endothelial cells. @entity2071 was induced on blood vessel and capillary endothelia during rejection. After treatment, expression declined, as did the clearance of infiltrates. Occasionally, @entity2071 persisted on capillaries compared with class II MHC expression. Weak @entity7937 induction on endothelia was observed in acute rejection, similar to @entity2071 , however @entity7937 expression was more restricted. Infiltrating lymphocytes expressed the adhesion receptor molecules @entity1453 and/or @entity3138 . The variability of expression of @entity2071 and @entity7366 ligand molecules was related to the inflammatory changes in the graft during acute rejection. It is likely that the induction of adhesion ligand molecules in tissue is regulated by systemic and local release of cytokines, and is an initiating step in graft infiltration. The demonstration of immune adhesion-molecule induction in heart graft rejection may also be applicable to inflammatory @entity299 in @entity2401 .

title: Signs of endothelial @entity32 in XXXX heart allografts.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['viral myocarditis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: P21-activated kinases (PAKs) are small @entity3007 effectors that play critical roles in many fundamental cellular functions, including cytoskeletal reorganization and cell motility. PAKs are widely expressed in a variety of tissues and are often overexpressed in multiple @entity5 types. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between @entity14152 and @entity3307 and clinicopathologic features of @entity14 . METHODS: @entity14152 and @entity3307 expression in @entity14 @entity1 were investigated via TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry and clinical analysis. RESULTS: The relative expression levels of @entity14152 and @entity3307 gene in @entity14 tissues were significantly higher than those in normal tissues (P  <  0.01). @entity3307 expression was higher than @entity14152 in the same @entity5 tissue. The expression of @entity14152 and @entity3307 increased gradually with the clinical stages in @entity189 tissues (P  <  0.01). @entity14152 expression was higher in lymph node positive @entity1 , and @entity3307 expression was higher in infiltration into serous layer @entity1 (P  <  0.05). @entity14152 overexpression group has a higher recurrence/ @entity3 rate compared with that of the @entity14152 low expression group. Follow-up analysis showed that the median progression-free survival time of the @entity14152 high expression group was significantly shorter than that of the @entity14152 low expression group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14152 and @entity3307 expression were associated with @entity14 @entity3 and infiltration, @entity14152 high expression may indicate poor prognosis of @entity14 .

title: @entity3307 were associated with XXXX @entity3 and infiltration.

entities_list: @entity3007 :: ('MESH:D006160', 'Chemical') :: ['guanosine triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity955 management is still a matter for debate. Past research has largely been based on the outpatient setting in which @entity1 are followed during ambulatory visits. Very little data exist on the optimal management of @entity955 in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). This study investigated which factors drive different @entity955 treatments in the @entity341 , describing their use in different hospitals. Finally, the efficacy of different strategies in terms of cardioversion in the @entity341 was analyzed. Charts of @entity1 treated for @entity955 ( @entity955 ) were collected in 6 EDs in a large metropolitan area over a 24-consecutive month period and were reviewed and analysed. Demographics, comorbidities, treatment strategy and @entity341 outcome were collected. Inclusion criteria were symptom onset <3 weeks and stable hemodynamic conditions at presentation. A propensity score was used to adjust for baseline clinical characteristics and to compare the efficacy of different treatments. 3,085 @entity1 were included in the analysis. Variables associated with a rhythm control strategy were onset of symptoms <48 h, age, @entity1353 , palpitations, @entity177 and the presence of a mechanical valve. Different EDs applied different strategies in terms of drugs used and the electrocardioversion rate, showing heterogeneity in @entity955 management. Adjusting for the propensity score, electrocardioversion and antidysrhythmic drugs of class Ic were more effective than a wait-and-watch strategy in the @entity341 . Despite international guidelines being respected, @entity955 management is heterogeneous in different @entity341 settings. A rhythm control strategy with electrocardioversion and Class Ic drugs is more effective than a wait-and watch approach during the @entity341 visit. Further research, toward an evidence-based approach to the emergent management of @entity955 in the @entity341 , is still needed.

title: Disparities in management of new-onset XXXX in the emergency department despite adherence to the current guidelines: data from a large metropolitan area.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency Department']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity14399 homozygotes with serum ferritin (SF) levels >1000   g/L and/or increased serum transaminase levels are at risk of severe F3/F4 @entity82 . Current practical guidelines recommend liver biopsy in such individuals. This prospective observational cohort study aimed to evaluate non-invasive alternative means such as hyaluronic acid (HA) and transient elastography (TE) for the assessment of severe @entity82 in @entity1 with SF >1000   g/L or elevated transaminases. METHODS: Between September 2005 and April 2013, 77 @entity1 diagnosed @entity14399 homozygotes underwent a liver biopsy because of SF >1000   g/L and/or increased transaminases according to current guidelines, with concomitant TE. All of them had clinical and biological evaluation, including HA measurement in 52 cases. RESULTS: A total of 19.5% of @entity1 had F3-F4 severe @entity82 . HA was higher in @entity1 with severe @entity82 , but did not accurately predict severe @entity82 . TE was significantly higher in @entity1 with severe @entity82 (17.2 vs. 4.9 kPa; P  <  0.05) and was able to accurately predict @entity82 stage in 47/61 (77%) @entity1 with valid measurement using a lower threshold of 6.4 kPa and an upper threshold of 13.9 kPa. Efficient assessment of severe @entity82 was not possible in @entity1 with intermediate TE values. CONCLUSION: An algorithm that successively employed SF and TE can accurately classify severe @entity82 in 61% of @entity1 , restricting the need for liver biopsy to the 39% of @entity1 with intermediate or unvalid TE values. This algorithm should be validated in independent cohorts before extended use.

title: Non-invasive assessment of liver XXXX in @entity14399 homozygous HFE hemochromatosis.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: A diversity of adhesive interactions occur between the @entity5 cell and host extracellular matrix which potentiate neoplastic expansion and metastatic dissemination. In miscellaneous @entity5 , @entity5 progression has been observed to be associated with alterations in adhesion molecule expression. Recently, circulating soluble intercellular adhesion molecules have been identified. In this study, serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble @entity4105 (sE-selectin) were determined in @entity1 with @entity356 . The study group consisted of 27 @entity1 with previously untreated @entity356 . Four @entity1 had stage II, two @entity1 stage III and 21 @entity1 stage IV disease according to the TNM classification. Nineteen @entity1 had distant @entity3 . The sera obtained from 18 healthy volunteers served as controls. Serum sICAM-1 and sE-selectin concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, we also studied other @entity5 -associated antigens, i.e. @entity10580 and CA 19-9. Serum sICAM-1 levels were significantly increased in @entity1 with @entity356 (P < 0.0001). However, sE-selectin levels did not differ from the controls. sICAM-1 concentrations were also significantly higher in @entity1 with distant @entity3 and peritoneal spread (P = 0.0045 and P = 0.0157 respectively), whereas sE-Selectin levels were elevated only in @entity1 with peritoneal @entity3 (P = 0.033). Serum concentrations of sICAM-1 and sE-selectin correlated with @entity10580 levels (P = 0.0013 and P = 0.003 respectively). Elevated levels of sE-selectin were associated with poorer prognosis (P = 0.0099), whereas sICAM-1 had no significant impact on survival. Our results suggest that increased sICAM-1 serum levels may reflect widespread disease and contribute directly to the progression of @entity356 . Further investigation of the molecular mechanisms of @entity5 -host interactions may lead to a better understanding of the natural history of @entity356 .

title: Circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and XXXX levels in @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignant diseases', 'adhesive tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity4105 :: (6401,Gene) :: ['E-selectin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Long-term brain @entity3 survivors are at risk for neurologic morbidity after whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Retrospective radiosurgery (RS) reports found no survival difference when compared with WBRT. Before RS alone was evaluated with delayed WBRT in a phase III trial, the feasibility of RS alone was tested prospectively. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1358 , @entity320 , or @entity242 ; one to three brain @entity3 ; and performance status of 0 to 2 were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were @entity66 ; @entity3 in medulla, pons, or midbrain; or liver @entity3 . On the basis of @entity5 size, @entity1 received 24, 18, or 15 Gy RS. At recurrence, management was discretionary. The primary end point was 3- and 6-month intracranial progression. RESULTS: Between July 1998 and August 2003, 36 @entity1 were accrued; 31 were eligible. Median follow-up was 32.7 months and the median survival was 8.3 months (95% CI, 7.4 to 12.2). Three- and 6-month @entity177 with RS alone was 25.8% and 48.3%. Failure within and outside the RS volume, when in-field and distant intracranial failures were scored independently, was 19.3% and 16.2% (3 months) and 32.2% and 32.2% (6 months), respectively. Approximately 38% of @entity1 experienced @entity204 attributable to neurologic cause. There were three grade 3 @entity137 related to RS. CONCLUSION: Intracranial failure rates without WBRT were 25.8% and 48.3% at 3 and 6 months, respectively. Delaying WBRT may be appropriate for some subgroups of @entity1 with @entity5 , but routine avoidance of WBRT should be approached judiciously.

title: Phase II trial of radiosurgery for one to three newly diagnosed brain @entity3 from @entity1358 , @entity320 , and XXXX : an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study (E 6397).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['leptomeningeal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'radioresistant tumors']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial failure']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: @entity1566 induces structural plasticity throughout the @entity1 nervous system, including distant locations in the brain. Several types of injury-induced plasticity have been identified, such as neurite sprouting, axon regeneration, and synaptic remodeling. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in injury-induced plasticity are unclear as is the extent to which injury-induced plasticity in brain is conserved across vertebrate lineages. Due to its robust roles in neurite outgrowth and synapse formation during developmental processes, we examined synapsin for its potential involvement in injury-induced plasticity. We used lamprey, a vertebrate that undergoes robust anatomical plasticity and functional recovery after @entity1566 . At 3 and 11 weeks after spinal cord transection, @entity10593 mRNA was upregulated >2-fold in lamprey brain, as assayed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Other synaptic vesicle-associated genes remained unchanged. In situ hybridization revealed that @entity10593 mRNA was increased globally throughout the lamprey brain. Immunolabeling for @entity10593 protein revealed a significant increase in both the intensity and density of @entity10593 -positive structures in lamprey hindbrain at 11 weeks post-transection, relative to controls. Moreover, the number of structures immunolabeled for phospho-synapsin ( @entity563 9) increased after injury, suggestive of neurite sprouting. Indeed, at the ultrastructural level, there was an increase in neurite density at 11 weeks post-transection. Taken together, these data show that neurite sprouting in the brain is an evolutionarily conserved response to a distant @entity1566 and suggest that synapsin and its phosphorylation at @entity563 9 play key roles in the sprouting mechanism.

title: Increased synapsin expression and neurite sprouting in lamprey brain after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord injury', 'spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: To elucidate pathogenic aspects and serodiagnostic possibilities for @entity7135 , we investigated levels of specific antimeningococcal immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM in serum by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with outer membrane antigen prepared from a @entity3631 B:15:P1.16 strain. Serum samples were drawn on hospital admission as well as during convalescence from @entity1 suspected of @entity693 or @entity7135 , and single samples were drawn from population controls. A total of 637 samples were examined blindly. On admission, the average antimeningococcal immunoglobulin levels were about the same in the @entity7135 @entity1 as in the population controls. @entity1407 @entity1 , however, had significantly lower values. During one week the mean specific immunoglobulin levels in @entity7135 @entity1 increased 6 times for IgG, 14 times for IgA, and 5 times for IgM. @entity1 younger than 1 year showed a modest and more slowly developing antibody response. There were no statistically significant differences in average antibody responses among @entity1 infected with meningococci of different serotypes. At 100% specificity, the increase in IgG, IgA, and IgM yielded diagnostic sensitivities for @entity7135 of 84, 52, and 66%, respectively. One of seven serum pairs from the @entity1 control group with unknown etiology was positive for @entity7135 in this assay. The @entity1 with @entity7135 originally diagnosed only by clinical signs and symptoms showed a slightly lower rate of seroconversion than the @entity1 in whom the diagnosis was supported by test results showing a systemic @entity3631 isolate.

title: Antibody response in group XXXX determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with serotype 15 outer membrane antigen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['purulent meningitis']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal-disease', 'meningococcal septicemia', 'meningococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']

entities_list: @entity1407 :: ('MESH:D010930', 'Disease') :: ['Septicemic']

answer: @entity7135 :: (MESH:D008589,Disease) :: ['B meningococcal disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recognizing the relevance of @entity158 in @entity734 , this study aimed to adapt and validate the Portuguese translation of the Orbach _ Mikulincer Mental @entity158 Scale (OMMP) on a drug addicted population and assess its psychometric properties. METHODS: The study sample (N = 403) was collected from several outpatient treatment centres for @entity734 and in therapeutic communities located in the north of Portugal. The validation of the OMMP Scale followed the same method considered by the authors of the original scale. RESULTS: A confirmatory factor analysis ( @entity3795 ) was performed and did not confirm the structure of eight factors provided by the authors. An exploratory factor analysis revealed a five-factor model (labeled emptiness, irreversibility, emotional flooding, helplessness and @entity911 ) leading to a reduction from 40 to 24 items. The OMMP-24-P showed acceptable levels for internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis indices supported the five-factor model. OMMP-24-P factors were positively correlated with measures of stress, @entity148 and @entity308 , negatively associated with quality of life, and showed small to moderate positive correlations with @entity734 severity, with exception of the helplessness factor. CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown the OMMP-24-P to be a valid and reliable scale for assessment and evaluation of @entity158 among @entity734 . Further research should attempt to determine the contribution that @entity158 can provide towards an understanding of @entity734 dynamics and other @entity751 , and thereby contribute to the development of more effective treatment programs.

title: Validation of the Orbach _ Mikulincer Mental XXXX Scale (OMMP) on a drug addicted population.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['psychopathological syndromes']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'mental pain']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug addiction', 'drug addicts']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: Low-grade chronic @entity32 is involved in the pathogenesis of the @entity209 and @entity731 , and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines are useful cardiovascular risk markers. We have studied serum @entity8923 concentrations in @entity1 with @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ), focusing on its relationship with @entity28 and indexes of @entity2690 resistance. Sixty consecutive @entity1 with @entity3610 and 34 healthy @entity1 were recruited. Serum levels of @entity8923 and lipid and hormone profiles were measured. The @entity2690 sensitivity index was calculated from @entity413 and @entity2690 concentrations during an oral @entity413 tolerance test. Data were submitted to a multivariate general linear model introducing age as a covariate. Serum @entity8923 levels were increased in @entity3610 @entity1 compared with controls (P = 0.031) and in @entity28 @entity1 compared with lean @entity1 (P = 0.018). No interaction between @entity3610 and @entity28 was found, suggesting that the influence of @entity3610 on serum @entity8923 concentrations studied here was not different in lean @entity1 compared with @entity28 @entity1 and that the influence of @entity28 on serum @entity8923 concentrations was the same in the @entity3610 and control groups. Serum @entity8923 levels correlated, after logarithmic transformation, with body mass index (r = 0.38; P < 0.0002), waist-to-hip ratio (r = 0.33; P < 0.001), and total @entity251 levels (r = 0.24; P < 0.02), and inversely with the @entity2690 sensitivity index (r = -0.23; P < 0.03). In conclusion, @entity3610 and @entity28 induce an increase in serum @entity8923 levels, which are also associated with several indexes of @entity10478 and with @entity2690 resistance.

title: Serum @entity8923 concentrations are increased in the @entity3610 : relationship to XXXX resistance and to @entity28 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity10478 :: ('OMIM:155310', 'Disease') :: ['global and visceral adiposity']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We report three @entity1 in whom @entity452 stress magnetic imaging (DS-MRI) was essential in assessing @entity296 . Two @entity1 were referred to the cardiologist because of @entity662 . @entity1 A had typical exertional @entity951 and a normal resting electrocardiogram (ECG). @entity1 B had typical exercise-induced @entity951 and had recently experienced an attack of severe @entity662 at rest for 15 minutes. The ECG showed a complete @entity714 ( @entity714 ). @entity1 C was referred for @entity712 of unknown origin. There were no symptoms of @entity662 during rest or exercise. Echocardiography in this @entity1 demonstrated @entity5988 , @entity299 and a small dyskinetic segment in the inferior wall. In all these @entity1 exercise stress testing had failed to demonstrate @entity296 . @entity1 A and C produced normal findings whereas in @entity1 B the abnormal repolarisation due to pre-existent @entity714 precluded a diagnosis of ischaemia. Breath-hold DS-MRI was performed to study LV wall motion and wall thickening at rest through increasing doses of @entity452 . A test was considered positive for @entity296 if wall motion abnormalities developed at high-dose levels of the drug (20  g/kg/min or more with a maximum of 40  g/kg/min) in previously normal vascular territories or worsened in a segment that was normal at baseline. Recovery of wall thickening in a previously @entity5048 or @entity2845 segment at a low dose of @entity452 (5-10  g/kg/min) was taken as proof of viability. @entity1 A and B developed @entity2845 progressing into @entity910 at high-dose @entity452 in the anteroseptal area of the LV indicative of ischaemia. These findings were corroborated by coronary angiography demonstrating severe @entity453 which led to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in @entity1 A and balloon angioplasty in @entity1 B. In @entity1 C global recovery of LV contractions during low-dose @entity452 was followed by @entity2845 in the inferoseptal area during high-dose @entity452 . This biphasic response indicates @entity296 as well as ischaemia. CABG was carried out because of multiple stenoses in the left coronary artery. Post-operatively LV function normalised. DS-MRI is a valuable method for detecting @entity296 and viability in @entity1 with suspected coronary artery, and can be applied in every hospital with MRI equipment at its disposal.

title: @entity452 stress magnetic resonance imaging suffices for the demonstration of XXXX and viability.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia', 'myocardial viability']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['global left ventricular (LV) dilatation']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['LBBB', 'left bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia']

entities_list: @entity5048 :: ('MESH:C536231', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinetic']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['akinetic', 'hypokinesia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischaemia']


abstract: @entity1118 management by Swiss specialist physicians with the primary hypothesis that @entity158 clinic practitioners conform better to good practice (interdisciplinarity, diagnostic/therapeutic routines, quality control, education) than other specialists treating @entity1118 was surveyed. Management of all types of @entity1118 by @entity158 clinic practitioners and rheumatologists, oncologists or neurologists was compared via a mailed questionnaire survey (n=125/group). Two hundred and twenty-nine (46%) of 500 mailed questionnaires were returned with similar group return rates. Eighty-six percent of responders find @entity1118 therapy very difficult/difficult; they estimate only 45% of these @entity1 achieve good outcomes. Twenty-three per cent of responders belong to an @entity158 centre, but 72% of @entity1118 @entity1 are treated by responders alone. Fifty-nine percent never/only occasionally use therapeutic algorithms, 38% use formal @entity158 diagnostic procedures, 20% have a @entity158 quality control programme. Fifty-one percent lack past @entity158 education, 37% do not attend continuing @entity158 education, 69% agree that @entity158 education is their greatest need. @entity158 clinic practitioners are more interdisciplinary and use more @entity158 diagnostics than other specialists. They are matched by oncologists in education and success in therapeutic escalation, and bettered by them in algorithm use. @entity158 clinic practitioners and oncologists bring particular-differing-skills to @entity1118 management compared to rheumatologists and neurologists. @entity1118 management diversity may result from differences in malignant and benign @entity158 , and its generally being provided by the speciality treating the underlying cause. This survey identifies targets for improvement in areas fundamental to good @entity1118 practice: interdisciplinarity, diagnostic/therapeutic tools, quality management and education.

title: The management of @entity1118 in Switzerland: a comparative survey of Swiss medical specialists treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'interdisciplinary pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']