abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish HPLC fingerprint analysis methods of @entity16465 components of Morinda officinalis and provide experimental method for quality standard of processed Morinda officinalis. METHODS: HPLC method was employed and Sinergi 4u fusion-RP (Phenomenex, 250 mm x 4. 6 mm, 4 microm) was used at column temperature of 25 degrees C. The mobile phase was composed of @entity1626 --0.4% @entity8718 solution by gradient elution. The experiment data was analyzed by computer aided similarity evaluation software and statistic methods to draw total pattern of @entity16465 components of Morinda officinalis from different places. At the same time, under the same experimental condition, the qualities and quantities of different processed Morinda officinalis was analyzed and compared. And the total pattern of @entity30813 of different processed Morinda officinalis was drew. RESULTS: There were 20 common characteristic peaks which were demonstrated by using fingerprints similarity evaluating software both in Morinda officinalis from different places and different processed samples from Gaoliang, Guangdong. The data showed that @entity30813 of Morinda officinalis processed by different ways were similar but their relative contents were significantly different. And the 12th peaks was @entity53762 . CONCLUSION: The contents of @entity30813 are influenced by different processed ways. The materials and temperature in the concocted procedure are the main influential factors. The fingerprints shows that the content of @entity30813 of Morinda officinalis processed by Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. change much more obviously than that by @entity167 and by salt. In addition, the fried processing method affects more obviously than the steamed one.

title: [Study on the fingerprint of XXXX components of Morinda officinalis].

entities_list: @entity8718 :: ('MESH:C030242', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoric acid']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity30813 :: ('MESH:D000880', 'Chemical') :: ['anthraquinones']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity16465 :: ('CHEBI:40448', 'Chemical') :: ['anthraquinone']

entities_list: @entity53762 :: ('MESH:C004315', 'Chemical') :: ['1,8-dihydroxy anthraquinone']

answer: @entity16465 :: (CHEBI:40448,Chemical) :: ['anthraquinone']


abstract: Soft-tissue @entity627 ( @entity18462 -- @entity924 , @entity2585 , @entity9156 and @entity239 ) accounts for up to 25% of referrals to rheumatologists. The estimated prevalence of generalized @entity8018 in the adult population is 5-15%. There have previously been suggestions that hypermobile individuals may be predisposed to soft-tissue @entity130 and subsequent @entity4512 . This study was designed to examine the mobility status and physical activity level in consecutive rheumatology clinic attendees with a primary diagnosis of @entity18462 . Of 82 @entity1 up to age 70 yr with @entity18462 , 29 (35%) met criteria for generalized @entity8018 . Hypermobile compared to non-hypermobile individuals reported significantly more previous episodes of @entity18462 (90% vs 51%, P < 0.01), and more recurrent episodes of @entity18462 at a single site (69% vs 38%, P < 0.001). Although we were unable to show any difference in the time spent carrying out physical activity between the two groups, the hypermobile @entity1 were performing significantly more repetitive activities. When specific anatomical sites of @entity18462 were analysed, small joints (elbows, hands and feet) currently affected with @entity18462 were more likely to show localized @entity8018 than if those joints were asymptomatic. These findings suggest that @entity8018 may be a factor in the development of @entity18462 . Repetitive activity may be a contributing factor towards @entity18462 in some hypermobile individuals.

title: The association of soft-tissue @entity627 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinitis']

entities_list: @entity9156 :: ('MESH:D005208', 'Disease') :: ['fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity8018 :: ('MESH:C536196', 'Disease') :: ['hypermobility']

answer: @entity8018 :: (MESH:C536196,Disease) :: ['hypermobility']


abstract: The cost of @entity683 vaccination and @entity281 was evaluated in a controlled study among healthy municipal homemakers. @entity1729 were followed clinically and with laboratory samples for 8 months. Full follow-up was achieved in 351 @entity1 in the intervention group, of whom 47% obtained vaccination, and 492 controls. @entity281 was confirmed in 10 employees (8 of these in the control group) and other @entity1800 in 6 employees (5 of them controls). All @entity281 occurred in non-vaccinated @entity1 . The relative risk of @entity281 in the control group was 2.9 (95% CI 0.6-13.4) for @entity683 and 3.1 (0.9-10.8) for all @entity1729 . The mean sick leave for @entity683 was 4.9 days. The cost per immunization was FIM 141, and the average cost per @entity683 @entity281 FIM 1183. The cost per @entity281 averted was FIM 6270, and the equivalent cost for immunization FIM 26.52. @entity683 vaccination had a slight protective effect against both @entity683 and other @entity1729 . The cost of vaccination programmes exceeded the benefit from averted @entity281 . Optimal vaccination strategies for healthy adults need to be planned individually with minimal loss of working time.

title: XXXX vaccination among healthy employees: a cost-benefit analysis.

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'Influenza']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections', 'Influenza infection', 'influenza infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['Acute respiratory infections', 'respiratory infections']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['Influenza']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of CT for determining surgical resectability of @entity4177 before and after chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preoperative and postoperative CT scans of 15 @entity1 with surgically confirmed @entity4177 were retrospectively reviewed and correlated with surgical findings and pathologic analysis. RESULTS: Before chemotherapy, 12 of the 15 @entity1 had unresectable @entity5 because of bilobar involvement, metastatic disease, or vascular extension. After chemotherapy, @entity5 volumes decreased by 20-98%, with increased areas of low attenuation and @entity730 . Periportal areas of low attenuation (four of nine), abdominal adenopathy (four of four), and lung nodules (four of six) disappeared after chemotherapy. On the basis of CT and clinical findings, all @entity5 were thought to be resectable. Surgical correlation showed that the extent of @entity99 had been overestimated on immediate preoperative CT scans in three @entity1 ( @entity5 was staged as bilobar, but only single-lobe resection was required). Correlation between areas of low attenuation in the @entity5 and @entity39 in pathologic specimens was poor. Tumor invasion of periportal lymphatics was seen in one of five @entity1 with periportal areas of low attenuation. Postoperatively, five of 13 @entity1 had @entity854 , three at the resection margins with @entity730 , low attenuation, or both. @entity99 has not recurred, and 12 of the 14 @entity1 who survived surgery are well. One @entity1 who had abnormal findings on preoperative chest CT died of pulmonary metastases. Another in whom chemotherapy was limited because of toxic effects died after @entity5 recurred in the liver. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment CT scans cannot be used to predict ultimate resectability of @entity99 ; nor are preoperative scans always accurate for judging exact lobar involvement. @entity66 as shown on CT scans correlated with absence both at surgery and at follow-up. Postoperative hepatic changes are common and do not necessarily reflect recurrent or @entity41 .

title: Value of CT in determining the resectability of XXXX before and after chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Absence of disease']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['CT abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors', 'Hepatic or abdominal disease', 'hepatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity4177 :: ('MESH:D018197', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoblastoma']

answer: @entity4177 :: (MESH:D018197,Disease) :: ['hepatoblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Circulating adrenal @entity230 rise during the menopausal transition in most middle-aged @entity1 and may contribute to differences in between- @entity1 symptoms and ultimate health outcomes. However, the mechanisms for this shift in adrenal @entity479 production in middle-aged @entity1 are not known. This study aims to determine whether hormone therapy (HT) for 1 year can modulate adrenal @entity342 production. METHODS: Younger (9.8 [0.4] years, n = 20) and older (22.7 [0.4] years, n = 37) female laboratory macaques were ovariectomized, and each group was treated with different regimens of HT for up to 1 year. Changes in adrenal histology and circulating adrenal @entity3800 were monitored after @entity172 -alone (E) or @entity172 plus @entity1420 (E + P) treatment, and these changes were compared with the same measures in similarly aged animals given vehicle. RESULTS: @entity4091 area, serum @entity2494 ( @entity2494 ), and serum @entity2494 sulfate ( @entity2990 ) were higher in younger vehicle-treated animals compared with older vehicle-treated animals (P < 0.02). Both E and E + P treatments decreased circulating @entity2990 in the younger group (P < 0.05). Although E treatment also decreased @entity2990 in the older group, this was not statistically significant. In contrast, E + P treatment in the older group resulted in a rise in @entity2990 over vehicle, which was significantly higher than the results of E treatment (P < 0.01). Circulating concentrations of @entity2494 exhibited similar trends, but these changes did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that intervention with ovarian @entity230 can modulate adrenal @entity342 production in female higher primates and that both animal age and type of HT regimen determine adrenal response.

title: Modulation of higher-primate adrenal @entity342 secretion with @entity172 -alone or XXXX -plus- @entity1420 intervention.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA', 'dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['Zona reticularis']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: @entity1516 of the tibia (CPT) remains one of the most challenging problems confronting the orthopaedic surgeon. The operative results are frequently less than successful; many cases require several surgical procedures, and a significant number of them ending in amputation. The purpose of this study was to access the surgical results, complications, secondary procedures, and long-term results of free vascularized fibular graft (FVFG) in the treatment of @entity1516 of the tibia. Between 1992 and 2007, nine @entity1 with CPT were treated consecutively at our clinic with free fibula transfer. There were six females and three males. The mean age at the time of operation was 6.5 years (range, 1-12 years). Stability, after reconstruction with FVFG, was maintained with internal fixation in five @entity1 , unilateral frame external fixation in three @entity1 , and intramedullary pin in one @entity1 . Average postoperative follow-up time was 9 years (range, 2-15 years). In seven @entity1 , both ends of the graft healed primarily within 3.7 months (range, 1.5-6 months). In one @entity1 , the distal end of the graft did not unit. This @entity1 required three subsequent operations to achieve union. @entity1642 occurred in the middle of the grafted fibula in one @entity1 , who underwent four additional operations before union, was achieved. Despite the relatively high-complication rate, FVFG remains a valid method for the treatment of CPT. However, even achieving union of @entity1516 is not enough for the resolution of the disease. This is only half of the problem; the other half is to maintain union. Long-term follow-up beyond skeletal maturity, if possible, is necessary to evaluate surgical results.

title: Vascularized free fibular bone graft in the management of congenital tibial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['Stress fracture']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital pseudarthrosis', 'congenital pseudarthrosis', 'pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity1516 :: (MESH:D011542,Disease) :: ['pseudarthrosis']


abstract: An 88 year old @entity1 without substantial previous illness was admitted to hospital because of a rapidly developing @entity1353 and @entity158 . X-Ray, CT scan and ultra sound showed a subdivided @entity1143 of the left side. After a short time a pulmonary infiltrate as well as a contralateral @entity1143 developed. Neither @entity5 cells nor mycobacteria could be detected in repeated @entity456 . The general condition of the @entity1 was deteriorating continuously while an antibiotic therapy given in the meantime only led to a temporary recovery. Three weeks later the @entity1 died under the picture of a @entity1576 . At autopsy the lungs showed parenchymal @entity548 and multiple @entity1188 as well as @entity1143 . The above mentioned changes could be explained histologically by @entity5 embolism of small pulmonary arteries from an @entity2867 . The discussion gives a short survey about already published cases of @entity5 embolism in the lung. PMVC as the diagnostic method of choice is discussed.

title: [Extensive pulmonary tumor embolisms of @entity2867 as a rare cause of XXXX in an 88-year-old @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['cardio-respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic pains']

entities_list: @entity2867 :: ('MESH:D065646', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural punctions']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic pleural effusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For ophthalmic surgery anesthesia, it is vital that intraocular pressure (IOP) is controlled. Most anesthetic drugs affect IOP dose-dependently, and inhalational anesthetics dose-dependently decrease IOP. In this study, we compared the effects of @entity10233 and @entity2614 on IOP and hemodynamics in pediatric ophthalmic surgery. METHODS: Thirty eight pediatric @entity1 from the age of 6 to 15 years, who were scheduled for strabismus surgery and entropion surgery, were randomized to be administered @entity10233 (group D, n = 19) or @entity2614 (group S, n = 19). IOPs and hemodynamic parameters were measured before induction of anesthesia (B), after induction but immediately before intubation (AI), 1 min after intubation (T1), 3 min after intubation (T3), and 5 min after intubation (T5). RESULTS: The mean arterial pressure (MAP) at T1 and heart rates (HRs) at T1 and T3 were significantly higher in group D than those in group S. There was no significant difference between the groups in IOP, cardiac index (CI) and @entity64 index (SI). There was a significant difference within the group in IOP, @entity64 . There was no significant difference within the group in CI. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference between the groups in IOP and hemodynamic parameters. The two anesthetic agents maintained IOP and hemodynamic parameters in the normal range during anesthetic induction.

title: The effects of XXXX and @entity2614 on the intraocular pressure associated with endotracheal intubation in pediatric ophthalmic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['SI, MAP and HR', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity10233 :: ('MESH:C053562', 'Chemical') :: ['desflurane']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

answer: @entity10233 :: (MESH:C053562,Chemical) :: ['desflurane']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate, whether the indication related varying extent of resection in chronic @entity788 has a predictable impact on long-term outcome. METHODOLOGY: One hundred and twenty-six @entity1 consecutively underwent surgery for chronic @entity788 from March 1987 to September 1997. Three treatment categories were defined: Pancreatoduodenectomy, duodenum-preserving resection and drainage procedures, and left-sided pancreatectomy. Main outcome measures were late mortality, @entity158 scores preoperatively and at follow-up, body-weight change, percentage of @entity2690 dependent @entity6 , @entity1 's and physician's satisfaction with surgery. RESULTS: Forty-one @entity1 underwent pancreatoduodenectomy, 59 drainage procedures, and 26 left-sided pancreatectomy, respectively. Hospital mortality was 1 (2.4%), 4 (6.8%), and 1 (3.8%) (P = NS), totaling 4.8%. After an average follow-up of 5.2 years, late mortality was 10 (24.4%), 9 (15.3%), and 4 (15.4%) (P = NS) for a total of 23 (18.3%). Two @entity1 (1.6%) died of unsuspected @entity788 . Three @entity1 (2.4%) had to be reoperated upon for @entity158 relapse. The mean @entity158 score was 8.8 preoperatively and 2.1 at late follow-up and not different among groups. Body-weight gain averaged 3.0, 4.0, and 3.4 kg, with no significant differences. Percentage of @entity2690 dependency in all @entity1 rose from 14% prior to surgery to 30% at reevaluation, and was very similar in all treatment categories. CONCLUSIONS: The different kind and level of invasiveness of the surgical procedures did not significantly influence the late outcome. High rates of late mortality and deterioration of endocrine function are to a greater extent sequelae of comorbidity and the progression of the underlying @entity660 .

title: Long-term results following different extent of resection in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic disease']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity2162 agonists ( @entity2263 )-agonists) are important bronchodilators used in the treatment of @entity565 and @entity1030 . At the molecular level, @entity2263 )-adrenergic agonist stimulation induces desensitization of the @entity2162 . In this study, we have examined the relationships between initial effect and subsequent reduction of responsiveness to restimulation for a panel of @entity2263 )-agonists in cellular and in vitro tissue models. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: @entity2162 -induced responses and subsequent loss of receptor responsiveness were studied in primary @entity1 airway smooth muscle cells and bronchial epithelial cells by measuring @entity268 production. Receptor responsiveness was compared at equi-effective concentrations, either after continuous incubation for 24 h or after a 1 h pulse exposure followed by a 23 h washout. Key findings were confirmed in @entity840 tracheal preparations in vitro. KEY RESULTS: There were differences in the reduction of receptor responsiveness in @entity1 airway cells and in vitro @entity840 @entity825 by a panel of @entity2263 )-agonists. When restimulation occurred immediately after continuous incubation, loss of responsiveness correlated with initial effect for all agonists. After the 1 h pulse exposure, differences between agonists emerged, for example @entity3044 and @entity6410 induced the least reduction of responsiveness. High lipophilicity was, to some extent, predictive of loss of responsiveness, but other factors appeared to be involved in determining the relationships between effect and subsequent loss of responsiveness for individual agonists. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: There were clear differences in the ability of different @entity2263 ) agonists to induce loss of receptor responsiveness at equi-effective concentrations.

title: Agonist-specific patterns of XXXX responses in @entity1 airway cells during prolonged exposure.

entities_list: @entity2162 :: ('154', 'Gene') :: ['Beta(2)-adrenoceptor', 'beta(2)-adrenoceptor']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['formoterol']

answer: @entity2162 :: (154,Gene) :: ['beta 2-adrenoceptor']


abstract: @entity137 , growth and reproduction were measured in the freshwater gastropod Lymnaea stagnalis exposed to waterborne @entity54957 ( @entity54957 ) over a range of four nominal concentrations (0-10microg TBTl(-1)). Egg development was completely inhibited at 10microg TBTl(-1), whilst abnormal embryonic development was observed at 1microg TBTl(-1). For the solvent control and the 0.01microg TBTl(-1)treatment group, normal development of L. stagnalis was observed. Survivorship of hatchlings was significantly reduced by @entity2385 at 1microgl(-1) while inhibition of shell growth of L. stagnalis was also observed at this concentration. The data were used to determine intrinsic growth rates (r) using two theoretical approaches (the Euler-Lotka equation and a Leslie Matrix). Both approaches showed that survival, fecundity and population growth rate were reduced at 1microg TBTl(-1). Interestingly, at 0.01microg TBTl(-1) snails showed a higher fecundity and growth rate than in the solvent control. The TBT concentration at which the r would equal zero (ECr(0)) and the population NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration) were estimated. The population NOEC was defined as either the lower 95% confidence or lower 95% pointwise percentile limit of the ECr(0). Values obtained using the two different approaches were similar and thus a geometric mean was calculated to obtain a final representative population NOEC value for L. stagnalis of 2745ng TBTl(-1). The present data together with chronic @entity137 TBT data for freshwater organisms, obtained from peer-reviewed literature, were used to construct a species sensitivity distribution (SSD). A predicted no effect concentration was then derived from the SSD (hazardous concentration at 5%, i.e., @entity54958 or 95% protection level). This SSD was compared with the SSD derived from saltwater species datasets. The @entity54958 value for saltwater species (3.55ng TBTl(-1); lower confidence limit: 1.93ng TBTl(-1)) was significantly lower than that for freshwater species (30.13ng TBTl(-1); lower confidence limit: 9.23ng TBTl(-1)), indicating that saltwater species are probably more susceptible to TBT than their freshwater counterparts.

title: XXXX of tributyltin to development and reproduction of the European freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis (L.).

entities_list: @entity54957 :: ('MESH:C005961', 'Chemical') :: ['TBTO', 'bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Chronic toxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Chronic toxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to investigate whether analysis of specific antibody synthesis can aid the diagnosis of @entity1036 . METHODS: Aqueous humor was collected from 39 @entity1 with presumed recurrent @entity1036 , including 23 consulting for @entity1036 and 16 @entity1 scheduled for penetrating keratoplasty. Local antibody production was ascertained by analysis of paired @entity7462 /serum samples, using a modified micro-ELISA technique. RESULTS: Local production of antibodies was found in 32 patients (82%): @entity778 ( @entity778 ) antibodies in 26 (67%) and @entity778 ( @entity778 ) antibodies in 11 (28%). Twenty of 23 @entity1 with active @entity1036 (87%), and 12 of 16 undergoing keratoplasty (75%), tested positive. Five @entity1 had local production of both anti- @entity778 and anti- @entity778 antibodies, whereas seven @entity1 tested negative. Local antibody production was significantly associated with @entity32 (P<0.05), @entity2687 (P<0.05), and positive response to anti-viral treatment (P<0.05). No complications were encountered in sampling @entity7462 . CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of local anti- @entity778 and - @entity778 antibody production is a safe and reliable diagnostic procedure for recurrent @entity1036 . It might be particularly helpful in @entity1 presenting with @entity32 and neovascularisation since it discriminates between herpes and non-herpes pathologies and may therefore be useful for preventive and therapeutic strategies.

title: Specific antibody production in @entity1036 : XXXX and @entity2687 as predicting factors.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['anti-herpes simplex virus', 'HSV', 'anti-varicella zoster virus', 'VZV']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['herpes keratitis', 'keratitis']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal neovascularisation']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['intraocular inflammation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We present an unusual case of fitting in the mother and newborn @entity1 , and the challenges faced in the management of their hyponatraemia due to @entity11896 . CASE PRESENTATION: A previously well 37-year-old, primigravid Caucasian @entity1 presented with features mimicking @entity3036 during labour. These included confusion, reduced consciousness and @entity410 but without a significant history of @entity101 , @entity644 or other features of @entity1468 . Her serum @entity1372 was noted to be low at 111 mmol/litre as was that of her newborn baby. She needed anti-convulsants with subsequent intubation to stop the fitting and was commenced on a @entity4372 saline infusion with frequent monitoring of serum @entity1372 . There is a risk of long-term @entity16 from central pontine @entity6150 if the hyponatraemia is corrected too rapidly. Mother and baby went on to make a full recovery without any long-term neurological complications. CONCLUSION: There is little consensus on the treatment of life-threatening hyponatraemia. Previous articles have outlined several possible management strategies as well as their risks. After literature review, an increase in serum @entity1372 concentration of no more than 8-10 mmol/litre in 24 hours is felt to be safe but can be exceeded with extreme caution if life-threatening symptoms do not resolve. Formulae exist to calculate the amount of @entity1372 needed and how much @entity4372 intravenous fluid will be required to allow safer correction. We hypothesise the possible causes of hyponatraemia in this @entity1 and underline its similarity in symptom presentation to @entity3036 .

title: @entity11896 presenting as XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity11896 :: ('MESH:D014869', 'Disease') :: ['water intoxication']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological damage']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic']

entities_list: @entity6150 :: ('MESH:D017590', 'Disease') :: ['myelinolysis']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['maternal and neonatal seizures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the mechanisms of platelet activation and options for diagnosing and treating @entity2915 in relation to @entity715 in @entity235 and @entity468 . DATA SOURCES: Prospective, retrospective, and review articles, as well as textbook chapters in both @entity1 and veterinary medicine. Articles were primarily, but not exclusively, retrieved via Medline. @entity1 DATA SYNTHESIS: In @entity1 , platelets are known to play a key role in the development of @entity715 in @entity66 states and antiplatelet drugs are the cornerstone in the treatment of acute events and for prevention in @entity1 at risk. For many years, @entity117 was used as the sole antiplatelet drug in @entity1 , but the introduction of @entity857 receptor antagonists and integrin a(IIb) b(3) inhibitors has significantly improved outcome in selective groups of @entity1 . VETERINARY DATA SYNTHESIS: The understanding of platelet activation in disease states has increased dramatically over the past decade. Simultaneously, a host of new methods for evaluating platelet function have been developed, which enable primarily researchers, but also clinicians to monitor the activity of platelets. Many of these methods have been validated for research purposes, but few have found their way to the clinics. Not a single correctly randomized clinical trial has been carried out with any antiplatelet drug for any indication in @entity235 or @entity468 , and consequently, treatment is empiric and largely based on expert opinion or data from experimental studies. CONCLUSIONS: The pathogenesis of @entity1031 is complex and multifactorial and the role of hyperactive platelets in this etiology remains to be clarified in most of the diseases associated with @entity715 in @entity235 and @entity468 . Until efficacy data from well-designed studies are available, antithrombotic therapy should consist of close monitoring, good supportive care, and judicious empirical use of antiplatelet agents.

title: Diagnosis and treatment of @entity2915 in relation to XXXX in @entity235 and @entity468 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'people', 'HUMAN']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['numerous disease']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['platelet hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['arterial thrombosis', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: During 25 years (1960-84) 657 @entity1 were operated on for @entity957 (n = 230), @entity420 (n = 399) or @entity189 (n = 28) of the thoracic oesophagus or @entity418 . The male:female ratio was 2.8:1 and the mean age was 66 years (range 22-91 years). Oesophagogastrectomy (n = 514) was performed whenever technically possible. From the first (1960-64) to the last (1980-84) 5-year period the proportion of @entity420 increased from 56 to 78 per cent (P less than 0.001), poorly differentiated @entity5 increased from 34 to 65 per cent (P less than 0.0001), and stage III-IV @entity5 increased from 72 to 88 per cent (P less than 0.05). Five-year cumulative rates(s.e.) were 11(3) per cent for operations during 1960-69 (n = 262), 8(2) per cent during 1970-79 (n = 256) and 3(2) per cent during 1980-84 (n = 139; P less than 0.05). Hospital mortality rates (less than or equal to 30 days) and 5-year cumulative survival rates(s.e.) were 6.5 per cent and 36(7) per cent (n = 46) for stage I, 14.0 per cent and 21(4) per cent (n = 114) for stage II, 17.8 per cent and 5(1) per cent (n = 258) for stage III and 23.8 per cent and 3(1) per cent (n = 239) for stage IV @entity5 (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.001). Well differentiated (n = 70) @entity5 , those of medium differentiation (n = 239) and poorly differentiated @entity5 (n = 348) had 5-year survival rates(s.e.) of 24(5), 10(2) and 5(1) per cent, respectively (P = 0.0007). @entity957 had a better prognosis than @entity420 , even after stratification according to location of primary @entity5 . The 657 @entity1 who underwent surgery constituted 50 per cent of a total of 1316 cases with @entity5 of the oesophagus and @entity418 reported from our catchment area during the study period. Frequency of surgery decreased with age. The annual incidence (number per 100,000 inhabitants aged 20 years or more) of @entity420 of the lower oesophagus and @entity418 doubled to 5.9 in 1980-84, while that of @entity957 tended to decrease (to 2.9). A successive worsening of long-term survival after surgery was explained by significant changes in @entity5 characteristics having pronounced prognostic significance. Over the 25 years the @entity189 changed towards the present pattern where poorly differentiated @entity420 of the lower third of the oesophagus and @entity418 in stages III-IV have become predominant.

title: Time-related changes in characteristics of prognostic significance in @entity189 of the oesophagus and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous cell carcinomas', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'anaplastic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['cardia']


abstract: The intragastric @entity167 infusion @entity35 model (IAIRM) of @entity5881 ( @entity5881 ) has been utilized in various laboratories to study various aspects of @entity5881 pathogenesis including oxidative stress, cytokine upregulation, @entity12807 , apoptosis, ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and @entity11920 induction. The basic value of the model is that it produces pathologic changes which resemble @entity5881 including microvesicular and macrovesicular fat, megamitochondria, apoptosis, central lobular and pericellular @entity82 , portal @entity82 , bridging @entity82 , central @entity39 , and mixed inflammatory infiltrate including PMNs and lymphocytes. The model is valuable because the diet and @entity1068 intake are totally under the control of the investigator. A steady state can be maintained with high or low blood @entity167 levels for long periods. The cycling of the blood @entity167 levels, when a constant infusion rate of @entity167 is maintained, simulates binge drinking. Using this model the importance of dietary fat, especially the degree of saturation of the @entity1718 on the induction of liver pathology, has been documented. The role of endotoxin, the Kupffer cell, @entity1505 , and @entity1110 oxidase have been demonstrated. The importance of 2E1 in oxidative stress induction has been shown using inhibitors of the isozyme. The importance of dietary @entity68 in the pathogenesis of @entity82 has been documented. @entity3094 has been shown to play a role in preventing liver pathology by preventing NFkappaB activation. Using the model, to maintain high blood @entity167 levels is found to be necessary to demonstrate proteasomal peptidase inhibition. Ubiquitin synthesis is also inhibited at high blood @entity167 levels in the IAIRM model. Oxidized proteins accumulate in the liver at high blood @entity167 levels. Neoantigens derived from protein adducts formed with products of oxidation induce autoimmune mechanisms of @entity99 . Thus, in many ways the model has revolutionized our understanding of the pathogenesis of @entity5881 .

title: Intragastric @entity1068 infusion model for cellular and molecular studies of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12807 :: ('MESH:D002534', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic damage']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['ALD', 'alcoholic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity5881 :: (MESH:D008108,Disease) :: ['alcoholic liver disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effectiveness and safety of a regimen of extended @entity4082 (CC) and @entity229 for @entity1 who fail treatment with CC alone. DESIGN: Retrospective observational analysis. SETTING: University-based tertiary @entity249 center. @entity1 (S): Twenty-four anovulatory @entity1 who failed to ovulate after CC 150 mg administered for 5 days. INTERVENTION(S): Treatment consisted of CC given on cycle days 3 through 9 (extended) at a starting dose of 100 to 150 mg/d. Additionally, @entity1 were given @entity229 5 mg orally each night throughout the cycle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Ovulation was confirmed by luteal serum P. Pregnancy was confirmed by rising hCG levels and transvaginal ultrasound. RESULT(S): A total of 60 cycles were available for review. Forty-four of these cycles were ovulatory (73%) and 11 @entity1 (46%) conceived on this therapy. Logistic (two-parameter) pregnancy occurrence over time (cycles) revealed a maximum pregnancy probability of 0.66 and a cycle fecundity of 0.36. No complications of therapy were noted. CONCLUSION(S): @entity4082 -resistant anovulatory @entity1 have high rates of ovulation and pregnancy after treatment with extended CC and @entity229 . This therapy offers a potential reduction in cost and risk and should be considered in this group of @entity1 before gonadotropin stimulation or surgery.

title: Extended @entity4082 (CC) and XXXX for the treatment of chronic anovulation resistant to CC alone.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene citrate', 'Clomiphene citrate']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['prednisone']


abstract: Although surgery is regarded as the mainstay of treatment for @entity18871 ( @entity18871 ), ancillary treatment modalities such as radiotherapy and on rare occasions chemotherapy are still recommended by many for @entity932 with apparent radiologic involvement of the cavernous sinus and internal carotid artery. Further, most authors undertaking surgical excision of this subgroup of @entity1 would recommend a lateral or combined frontal and lateral approach for its removal. In a series of 49 cases of JNA, 14 were found during surgery to have intracranial extradural extension; the anterior approach was used for their removal. Although in these cases, on radiography the cavernous sinus often looked to be invaded and the internal carotid artery was displaced superolaterally, there was no difficulty in establishing a plane of dissection. Total removal was achieved in 11 of the 14 cases with a single-stage procedure. Of the 3 cases with @entity41 , only 1 occurred intracranially. Removal was achieved by a subtemporal approach in this case. For the extracranial @entity41 1 required a midface degloving and the other, with a 1-cm @entity41 in the nasopharynx, has been treated conservatively for 6 years with no evidence of growth. No deaths or significant complications have occurred, and radiotherapy has not been required. We conclude that @entity18871 are @entity5 with a predilection for spread but that rarely invade dura, acting instead to displace it. We believe that surgery is the method of choice for treating these lesions and that an anterior surgical approach with microsurgical techniques should be used in the first instance. In the last 2 cases we preferred a midface degloving technique to avoid facial scarring and because this approach allows a widening of the surgical field if needed by the performance of bilateral @entity79 . On the rare occasion that a lateral approach, with its attendant permanent conductive @entity393 , is found to be necessary for total @entity5 removal, this can be done as a staged procedure. This may be necessary when the @entity5 has spread lateral to the horizontal internal carotid artery.

title: Anterior approaches in XXXX with @entity932 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial extension']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors', 'residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity18871 :: ('MESH:D018322', 'Disease') :: ['JNAs', 'juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary free bone flaps']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity18871 :: (MESH:D018322,Disease) :: ['juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity151 ( @entity151 ) has decreased over several decades. Sixty-eight thousand six hundred eleven @entity1 with @entity151 in the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) were analyzed to describe demographic, treatment, and survival changes between 1992 and 2007. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Four @entity1 cohorts-diagnosed in 1992, 1997, 2002, and 2007-were examined. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine changes in demographic and treatment factors and their effect on survival of limited @entity151 (LSCLC) and extensive @entity151 (ESCLC). RESULTS: The proportion of female @entity1 increased, whereas the proportion of non-Hispanic white @entity1 decreased. Median survival for @entity1 with ESCLC and LSCLC was 6.1 and 12.9 months, respectively, and was not significantly improved between @entity1 diagnosed in 1992 and 2002. Improved survival was associated with female sex, age < 70 years, and receipt of surgery for @entity1 with LSCLC. Radiation therapy decreased the hazard ratio (HR) for @entity1 with stage III LSCLC but not for @entity1 with earlier stage disease. Chemotherapy decreased the HR for all @entity1 with LSCLC. @entity1 with ESCLC treated with radiation in addition to chemotherapy had better survival than those who received only chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Despite changes in demographics and treatment, the median and 5-year survival rates for @entity1 with @entity151 have not significantly improved over the past 15 years. Surgery was associated with improved survival in LSCLC. The benefit of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy was dependent on American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage. AJCC staging information had prognostic and treatment ramifications and should be collected in future studies and databases.

title: XXXX : prognostic factors and changing treatment over 15 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['Small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: AIMS: To assess the annual risk of @entity281 in @entity1 with @entity5 and the immunogenicity of a trivalent split virus @entity683 vaccine in these @entity1 . METHODS: Eighty four @entity1 with @entity5 were tested for susceptibility to the circulating strains of @entity683 virus in autumn 1995 and 1996. Non-immunised @entity1 were reassessed the following spring for serological evidence of @entity281 . Forty two @entity1 received two doses of @entity683 vaccine. These @entity1 were receiving continuing chemotherapy for @entity981 or were within six months of completing chemotherapy. RESULTS: Among the 84 @entity1 tested for @entity683 virus susceptibility only 8% of @entity1 were fully protected (antibody titres >/= 40) against all three of the prevalent @entity683 virus strains; 33% were susceptible to all three viruses. Evidence of acquired @entity281 was seen in 30% of unimmunised @entity1 . Among immunised susceptible @entity1 , 66% made some protective response to the vaccine and 55% showed protective antibody titres to all three viral strains following vaccination. Older age was associated with increased response to the H1N1 and H3N2 vaccine components, but total white cell count or neutrophil count at immunisation, type of @entity5 , or length of time on treatment for @entity981 did not affect response. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 with @entity5 studied were at risk of @entity281 . A significant response to immunisation was seen, supporting annual @entity683 vaccination for @entity1 being treated for @entity5 .

title: Response to @entity683 immunisation during treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['natural infection', 'influenza infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary staging in @entity14 ( @entity14 ) has traditionally been carried out by means of plain chest radiograph (CXR), although computerised tomography (CT) imaging of the chest is increasingly being performed for this purpose. The aim of this study was to assess the value of pre-operative thoracic CT for @entity2 in @entity14 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Data were collected prospectively on all @entity1 referred into hospital over a 20-month study period for double contrast barium enema evaluation of symptoms suggestive of an underlying @entity14 . @entity1 with a @entity14 went on to have a staging intravenous, contrast-enhanced CT of the chest, abdomen and pelvis prior to an out- @entity1 appointment with a colorectal surgeon. The CXRs of those @entity1 in whom a radiological abnormality was seen on thoracic CT were reviewed blindly by an independent consultant radiologist. RESULTS: A total of 403 barium enemas were performed, of which 38 demonstrated a @entity14 (9%). In those @entity1 diagnosed with @entity14 , nine (24%) had an abnormality on thoracic CT. Four @entity1 with positive thoracic CTs had chemotherapy and or radiotherapy with no surgery. One @entity1 underwent colectomy, and 2 @entity1 who had @entity5 as opposed to @entity3 also underwent colectomies. One @entity1 received palliative care only. In addition, one of the @entity1 underwent multiple, non-diagnostic thoracic investigations prior to a diagnosis of @entity370 being made and then proceeding to surgery. An independent consultant radiologist reviewed seven out of the nine CXRs of @entity1 with an abnormality on thoracic CT without knowledge of the clinical diagnosis, and reported three of the CXRs to be normal. CONCLUSIONS: Thoracic CT appears to improve the accuracy of @entity2 in @entity14 allowing a more appropriate level of intervention. However, CT is likely to identify more benign radiological abnormalities than CXR alone, and investigations should not occur to the detriment of treating the primary @entity5 .

title: Pulmonary staging in XXXX --is computerised tomography the answer?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary lung tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary staging']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: The incidence of @entity66 with transient or persistent @entity51 has increased significantly. Although @entity1 with symptomatic carotid @entity2791 clearly benefit from operative therapy, the indication to prophylactic surgery of asymptomatic @entity66 however is still controversial. Based on data from a recently completed prospective randomized study and on analysis of the literature the indication and results of surgical treatment of asymptomatic stenoses of the carotid arteries are discussed. From 1970 to 1990 a total of 744 uni-or bilateral reconstructions of the internal @entity2998 were performed in 631 @entity1 . The perioperative morbidity (permanent @entity16 ) and mortality was 1.1% (n = 8) resp. 0.8% (n = 6). During the follow up period up to 18 years another 9 @entity1 suffered from @entity64 (1.2%). The annual @entity64 incidence amounted to 0.2%. An important prerequisite for surgery is the so called critical internal carotid @entity2791 , implying reduced cerebral vasomotor reactivity or high embolic risk of an ulcerative plaque. Proper selection of @entity1 (exclusion of @entity66 ) and an experienced team of vascular surgeons with operative morbidity and mortality below 1-2% validates surgical treatment of asymptomatic @entity2998 stenoses.

title: Indication for surgery of asymptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular diseases', 'carotid lesions', 'multiple concomitant diseases']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficiency']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic dysfunction']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['carotid lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For many years, the hematologic changes occurring in @entity2040 have been defined as @entity6118 . Initially, the belief was that removal of the spleen would normalize the hematologic values. However, hematimetric normalization was observed in surgeries for the treatment of portal @entity101 in which the spleen was preserved. In view of these findings, it is necessary to verify the clinical and laboratory profile of these @entity1 in order to define the real presence of @entity6118 . METHODS: This study was conducted on 51 @entity1 with @entity101 divided into five groups: group 1, non-operated @entity1 under clinical control; group 2, @entity1 submitted to distal splenorenal shunt; group 3, @entity1 with subtotal splenectomy and central splenorenal shunt; group 4, @entity1 with total splenectomy and central splenorenal shunt; and group 5, @entity1 with total splenectomy and portal-variceal disconnection. Clinical signs of @entity6118 were assessed in all @entity1 . Hematologic values of the pre- and postoperative period were compared. Immunoglobulin counts of the @entity1 were verified in the late postoperative period. RESULTS: In all operated groups, hematimetric values, leukocyte counts, platelet number and prothrombin time were higher during the postoperative period. With respect to the immunoglobulins, the postoperative values of IgM, IgG and IgA were normal. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity101 and @entity1897 cannot be classified as having @entity6118 but rather as having @entity3043 due to @entity381 caused by difficulty on portal blood drainage.

title: @entity6118 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomatic portal hypertension', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ["hepatosplenic Manson's schistosomiasis"]

entities_list: @entity6118 :: ('MESH:D006971', 'Disease') :: ['hypersplenism']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['schistosomatic portal hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To review one surgeon's experience with @entity5 of the inframammary crease. METHODS: Individually reviewed cases were identified from a prospective database. RESULTS: Of the 550 @entity1 treated between January 2000 and January 2005, six @entity1 were found to have @entity189 of the inframammary crease (IMC). The features identified from these cases included diagnostic confusion with @entity4890 delaying diagnosis and early involvement of the dermis and chest wall resulting in management issues related to local T staging. Lymphoscintigraphy showed drainage to bilateral, contralateral or @entity717 as well as the internal mammary chain. CONCLUSION: The anatomy and histology of the IMC are reviewed, as is the available published work on IMC @entity0 . By virtue of their location, IMC @entity5 invade the dermis and chest wall early. Despite this, they do not seem to behave as T4 @entity5 . Their lymphatic drainage is a cross between patterns observed for breast parenchymal and skin primaries, making sentinel node lymphoscintigraphy essential. The clinical cases presented highlight these peculiarities of IMC @entity0 .

title: Diagnostic and treatment challenges of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4890 :: ('MESH:D004814', 'Disease') :: ['sebaceous cysts']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumours', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral axillae']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['inframammary crease breast carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore mechanism of dermal @entity137 of @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ). METHODS: Normal @entity1 keratinocytes (KC) were isolated from foreskins of healthy donors undergoing circumcision by two-step trypsin digestion and cultured in serum-free medium. Cells were treated with medium, 1% @entity1324 (volume fraction) 0.125, 0.500 or 2.000 mmol/L @entity4966 for different time (4, 8, 12 or 24) hours. After treatment, @entity98 assay and ATPase activity detected, inhibition ratio of mitochondrial enzyme was calculated according to optical density (A) value of @entity98 assay. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was detected by flow cytometry FCM after being stained with @entity3514 ( @entity3514 ). Morphological changes were also observed through transmission electron microscope (TEM). RESULTS: Cellular viability and ATPase activity declined with dose of @entity4966 , while inhibition ratio of mitochondrial enzyme increased with dose of @entity4966 . FCM results showed that after treatment with 2.000 mmol/L @entity4966 , fluorescence density of @entity3514 decreased quickly from 18.73 +/- 0.45(0 h) to 8.20 +/- 0.66(8 h) (P < 0.01). After 8 h, fluorescence density maintained at the level equal to that of 8 h (fluorescence density of @entity3514 were 8.20 +/- 0.36 and 8.20 +/- 0.40 for 12 and 24 h respectively, compared with that for 8 h group, P > 0.05). The results also showed that @entity12662 diminished with dose of @entity4966 . Under TEM, mitochondria in @entity4966 -treated group appeared extensive swelling and @entity13312 with less matrix and obscure or vanished mitochondria cristae but in control group, mitochondrial structure was integrated, with uniform matrix and visible mitochondria cristae. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4966 could inhibit mitochondrial metabolic enzyme, reduce @entity855 production, diminish MMP, and destroy ultrastructure of mitochondria in KC, all these contributing to the @entity137 of @entity4966 .

title: [ XXXX of @entity4965 in keratinocytes involving alterations of mitochondrial function and ultrastructure].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity13312 :: ('MESH:C536522', 'Disease') :: ['vacuolar degeneration']

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroethylene']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Cytotoxicity']


abstract: From January 1987 to March 1991, electroencephalographic (EEG) analysis and clinical correlates of the 14 and 6 Hz positive spikes were studied retrospectively in 2,026 Chinese @entity1 , ranging in age from 1 to 18 years. All of them were the first-evaluation @entity1 of Pediatric Neurology Clinics, National Taiwan University Hospital, each had had through EEG examinations (including waking and natural sleep records) and detailed medical records. The major findings of the present study are: (1) The overall incidence of the 14 and 6 Hz positive spikes in the series was 2.52% (51/2,026), and that in the age subgroup 1-5 years was significantly lower than those in the subgroups 6-10 years (p less than 0.0001) and 11-15 years (p less than 0.01). (2) 38 out of 51 cases (74.5%) with 14 and 6 Hz positive spikes presented normal EEG background activity. (3) 7 out of 51 cases (13.7%) had coincided negative spikes in frontal areas, and 12 out of 51 cases (23.5%) were associated with other focal or generalized paroxysmal discharges. (4) From the analysis of the clinical manifestations in the 51 cases with the 14 and 6 Hz positive spikes, the episodic attacks of @entity10 , @entity490 or other autonomic symptoms were most common (49%, 25/51 cases). Of the 25 cases, 19 cases (37.2%, 19/51 cases) were finally diagnosed as autonomic @entity410 or @entity1625 and 3 cases were diagnosed as @entity2704 . 3 of 10 cases with convulsive @entity410 or complex partial @entity410 were associated with autonomic symptom. (5) The etiology in 36 out of 51 cases (70.6%) remained unknown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Analysis and clinical correlates of the 14 and 6 Hz positive electroencephalographic spikes in Chinese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a critical role in the formation of @entity5 and @entity3 and has been found to correlate with the @entity146 of @entity5 growth and @entity3 . @entity620 , which is known to be essential for the structural integrity of the intercellular matrix, is not produced by @entity1 and must be obtained from the diet. @entity5 @entity1 have been shown to have very low reserves of @entity620 . Our main objective was to determine the effect of @entity9050 supplementation on @entity3 , @entity5 growth and @entity5 immunohistochemistry in @entity19 unable to synthesize @entity620 [ @entity37270 oxidase (gulo) knockout (KO)] when challenged with B16FO @entity320 or 4T1 @entity0 cells. Gulo KO female @entity19 36-38 weeks of age were deprived of or maintained on @entity9050 in food and water for 4 weeks prior to and 2 weeks post intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 5x105 B16FO @entity19 @entity320 cells or to injection of 5x105 4T1 @entity0 cells into the mammary pad of @entity19 . @entity9050 -supplemented gulo  KO @entity19 injected with B16FO @entity320 cells demonstrated significant reduction (by 71%, p=0.005) in @entity5 @entity3 compared to gulo  KO @entity19 on the control diet. The mean @entity5 weight in @entity9050 supplemented @entity19 injected with 4T1  cells was reduced by 28% compared to @entity5 weight in scorbutic @entity19 . @entity5 demonstrated large dark cores, associated with increased @entity39 areas and breaches to the @entity5 surface, apoptosis and @entity1235 ( @entity1235 ), and weak, disorganized or missing collagen  I @entity5 capsule. In contrast, the @entity9050 -supplemented group @entity5 had smaller fainter colored cores and confined areas of @entity39 /apoptosis with no breaches from the core to the outside of the @entity5 and a robust collagen  I @entity5 capsule. In both studies, @entity9050 supplementation of gulo  KO @entity19 resulted in profoundly decreased serum inflammatory cytokine @entity777 (99%  decrease, p=0.01 in the B16F0 study and 85% decrease, p=0.08 in the 4T1 study) compared to the levels in gulo  KO @entity19 deprived of @entity9050 . In the B16FO study, @entity9050 supplementation of gulo  KO @entity19 resulted in profoundly decreased serum @entity1611 (98% decrease, p=0.019 than in the scorbutic gulo  KO @entity19 ). As expected, mean serum @entity9050 level in @entity9050 -restricted @entity19 was 2% (p<0.001) of the mean @entity9050 levels in supplemented @entity19 . In conclusion, @entity9050 supplementation hinders @entity3 , @entity5 growth and inflammatory cytokine secretion as well as enhanced encapsulation of @entity5 elicited by @entity320 and @entity0 cell challenge in gulo  KO @entity19 .

title: @entity9050 supplementation inhibits growth and @entity3 of B16FO @entity320 and 4T1 XXXX cells in @entity620 -deficient @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity37270 :: ('MESH:C007895', 'Chemical') :: ['gulonolactone']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Scorbutic tumors', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['Ascorbic acid', 'ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'necrotic']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'invasiveness of cancer']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['Ascorbate', 'ascorbate']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: AIM: To clarify the role of surgical resection for @entity157 (HCCs) compared to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and liver transplantation (LT). METHODS: Among the @entity157 @entity1 who were managed at Yonsei University Health System between January 2003 and December 2008, 160 @entity1 who met the following criteria were retrospectively enrolled: (1) two or three radiologically diagnosed HCCs; (2) no radiologic vascular invasion; (3) @entity1 -Pugh class A; (4) main @entity5 smaller than 5 cm in diameter; and (5) platelet count greater than 50   000/mm(3). Long-term outcomes were compared among the following three treatment modalities: surgical resection or combined radiofrequency ablation (RFA) (n = 36), TACE (n = 107), and LT (n = 17). The survival curves were computed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with a log-rank test. To identify the @entity1 who gained a survival benefit from surgical resection, we also investigated prognostic factors for survival following surgical resection. Multivariate analyses of the prognostic factors for survival were performed using the Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The overall survival (OS) rate was significantly higher in the surgical resection group than in the TACE group (48.1% vs 28.9% at 5 years, P < 0.005). LT had the best OS rate, which was better than that of the surgical resection group, although the difference was not statistically significant (80.2% vs 48.1% at 5 years, P = 0.447). The disease-free survival rates were also significantly higher in the LT group than in the surgical resection group (88.2% vs 11.2% at 5 years, P < 0.001). @entity1575 was the only significant prognostic factor for poor OS after surgical resection. Clinical liver @entity82 rates were 55.6% (20/36) in the resection group and 93.5% (100/107) in the TACE group. There were 19 major and 17 minor resections. En bloc resection was performed in 23 @entity1 , multi-site resection was performed in 5 @entity1 , and combined resection with RFA was performed in 8 @entity1 . In the TACE group, only 34 @entity1 (31.8%) were recorded as having complete remission after primary TACE. Seventy-two @entity1 (67.3%) were retreated with repeated TACE combined with other therapies. In @entity1 who underwent surgical resection, the 16 @entity1 who did not have @entity82 had higher 5-year OS and disease-free survival rates than the 20 @entity1 who had @entity82 (80.8% vs 25.5% 5-year OS rate, P = 0.006; 22.2% vs 0% 5-year disease-free survival rate, P = 0.048). Surgical resection in the 20 @entity1 who had @entity82 did not provide any survival benefit when compared with TACE (25.5% vs 24.7% 5-year OS rate, P = 0.225). Twenty-nine of the 36 @entity1 who underwent surgical resection experienced recurrence. Of the @entity1 with @entity82 , 80% (16/20) were within the Milan criteria at the time of recurrence after resection. CONCLUSION: Among @entity1 with two or three HCCs, no radiologic vascular invasion, and @entity5 diameters  <= 5 cm, surgical resection is recommended only in those without @entity82 .

title: Role of surgical resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['Liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'multiple hepatocellular carcinomas']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['multiple hepatocellular carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The recent advent of radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation as a curative therapy for @entity4710 has challenged the role of long term drug treatment, which is essentially a palliative therapy. To date, however, no data have been published on the cost-effectiveness of RF ablation as compared with drug treatment in the Australian setting. AIMS: The study aimed to compare actual and projected costs of these two treatment options in a consecutive group of @entity1 having RF ablation as treatment for symptomatic @entity591 . METHODS: The cost effectiveness of RF catheter ablation was assessed in 26 @entity1 having RF ablation, using a hypothetical model of continued drug therapy in the same group of @entity1 . A 'cost saving' criterion was used for cost effectiveness. Actual costs for the RF ablation and for continued drug therapy were based on data from medical records and from the answers to a detailed @entity1 questionnaire. Analysis included costs of prior diagnostic electrophysiology (EP) study (17/26 @entity1 ), general anaesthesia (GA: 20/26 @entity1 ), post-ablation echocardiography (10/26 @entity1 ), and late follow-up EP study (7/26 @entity1 ). The in-hospital stay for the RF ablation was two days in all cases, and no @entity1 required implantation of a permanent pacemaker. The RF ablation procedure was successful in 23/26 @entity1 (88.5%) with late recurrence of @entity591 in one @entity1 . After a median follow-up of nine months, 22/26 @entity1 no longer require antiarrhythmic drug therapy. RESULTS: The mean per @entity1 cost of RF ablation was  4067 in the study group. This reduces to  2546 if prior EP study and GA are excluded. The mean per @entity1 cost of continued medical therapy was  700 per year. Extrapolating over 20 years and allowing for an annual 5% inflation factor, RF ablation becomes cost saving in 5.5 years (3.8 years if prior EP and GA are excluded). Over 20 years, continued drug therapy would be four to five times more expensive than RF ablation in the @entity1 study group. We consider RF ablation to be a cost-effective alternative to long term drug therapy in @entity1 with @entity4710 .

title: Cost effectiveness of radiofrequency catheter ablation in the treatment of symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'tachyarrhythmias']

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['supraventricular tachyarrhythmias']


abstract: We have applied the mRNA differential display method to compare and analyze mRNAs prepared from five normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cell cultures and five @entity189 cell lines. A total of 24 differential display experiments was performed using different combinations of PCR primers. Sixty-nine cDNA fragments differentially expressed in either normal or malignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cells were identified. Subsequent cloning and sequencing of these differentially expressed cDNA fragments resulted in the identification of seventeen distinct sequences. Seven of these sequences were shown to be novel cDNA sequences not previously reported. Ten of the remaining cDNA fragments showed sequence homology to previously reported genes. Differential expression of four of these seventeen cDNA fragments in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells was confirmed by reverse Northern hybridization. One of these cloned cDNA fragments is a novel cDNA sequence while the other three matched to previously reported cDNA sequences involved in cell growth and migration. Homologous sequences identified to be differentially expressed in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells in this study are: @entity1 26 kDa cell surface protein ( @entity14047 ) mRNA, @entity19360 like basic @entity368 zipper transcriptional activator and the @entity1 bullous pemphigoid antigen. The mRNA differential display is a useful tool to identify candidate genes involved in the pathogenesis of @entity189 .

title: Identification of genes differentially expressed in XXXX by messenger RNA differential display.

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: Common perceptual characteristics of the elderly voice include @entity7374 , breathiness, instability, and a change in the pitch of the voice. Although research is available concerning changes in the elderly voice, little research has been completed to examine the relationship between the perception of @entity1740 and acoustic measures. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived breathiness and @entity7374 and selected acoustic variables. The results of the study revealed significant age-related differences in fundamental frequency standard deviation, amplitude perturbation quotient, and noise-to-harmonic ratio. No significant difference in perceived @entity7374 was found between the young and elderly speakers. However, the young @entity1 were perceived as significantly more breathy than the elderly @entity1 . Moderate correlations were found between the perceptions of @entity7374 and breathiness and the acoustic measures. These findings are discussed relative to age-related laryngeal changes that may contribute to the perception of aging. LEARNING OUTCOMES: (1) To understand the perceptual attributes of the aging voice in @entity1 and @entity1 . (2) To understand the relation between the perception of @entity1740 and acoustic measures of voice production in the aging voice.

title: Acoustic-perceptual correlates of @entity1740 in elderly XXXX and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity7374 :: ('MESH:D006685', 'Disease') :: ['hoarseness']

entities_list: @entity1740 :: ('MESH:D014832', 'Disease') :: ['voice quality']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: The evaluation of surgical margin is useful in determining the curability of surgical treatment of @entity85 and the degree of possibility to reduce later surgery as part of preoperative therapy. However, at present there has been no worthwhile evaluation method developed for these purposes. In this paper we propose a new evaluation system for surgical margin as drafted by the Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Committee of JOA. This system was applied in 197 cases at the @entity5 Institute Hospital to determine the clinical significance in the treatment of @entity85 . In this method, surgical margin was classified into four types according to the distance between the surgical margin and the reactive zone of the @entity5 . The types of surgical margins (in order of surgical extent) are curative margin, wide margin, marginal margin, and intralesional margin. Surgical margin is said to be curative if the margin is more than 5cm outside the reactive zone. It is referred to as wide if the margin is less than 5cm and marginal if the margin is at the reactive zone. In our evaluation, a thin barrier is estimated as a 2cm thickness of normal tissue, a thick barrier as a 3cm thickness of normal tissue, and joint cartilage as 5cm thickness. Moreover, in all cases the surgical margin is considered to be curative if the margin is outside a barrier and there is normal tissue between the barrier and the reactive zone of the @entity5 . The results of the study were as follows.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Evaluation method of surgical margin in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal sarcoma']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal sarcoma']


abstract: A 22-year-old male developed a @entity1775 at the age of 14. The tic occurred 40 to 50 times per minute on its peak at age 16. Since then he noticed the @entity194 and @entity425 of his both upper limbs. His right leg became weak at age 22. On admission, neurological examination revealed @entity1775 and neck, severe @entity2057 and @entity425 of bilateral upper limbs, mild @entity425 and @entity508 of right lower limb and @entity427 in four limbs. Needle EMG studies revealed fibrillation, positive sharp wave and giant @entity9056 in the biceps, triceps and first interossei muscles. There were no abnormal findings suggesting @entity4720 or disc herniation on neck roentgenogram and neck MRI in neutral position. Neck MRI in the ventro-flexed position showed a flattening of the lower cervical cord and a band-like isointensity lesion in the posterior epidural space at C4-6. This isointensity lesion was considered to represent a congestion of the internal vertebral venous plexus. These findings suggest that frequent neck flexion by itself causes the injury of the lower cervical cord through (1) over-stretching of the cord, (2) compression of the cord by dural sac, (3) arterior @entity63 , and/or (4) stagnant @entity519 due to @entity450 . Flexion @entity602 may represent one of the most important mechanisms of cervical @entity1566 accompanied with @entity2358 of neck.

title: [Flexion @entity602 due to XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1775 :: ('MESH:D020323', 'Disease') :: ['tic of neck-flexion', 'tic of lip']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary movement']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness', 'muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['venous congestion']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['cord injury']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreflexia']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spondylosis']

answer: @entity1775 :: (MESH:D020323,Disease) :: ['tic of neck']


abstract: The objective was to investigate the relationship between elevated plasma nonesterified @entity844 ( @entity3691 ) concentration and @entity8788 resistance in Holstein @entity291 . Six nonlactating, nongestating, ruminally cannulated Holstein @entity291 were blocked by body condition score and randomly assigned to a sequence of 2 treatments in a crossover design. @entity291 were offered legume and grass hay ad libitum supplemented with minerals and @entity2221 and were allowed free access to water and a trace mineralized salt block. Mobilization of body reserves was stimulated by withdrawing forage for 48 h before initiation of treatments. Treatments consisted of 11 hourly abomasal infusions of water (control) or @entity1670 (NA; 6 mg/h per kg of body weight) as an antilipolytic agent. Infusions of NA decreased plasma @entity3691 concentration from 545 microEq/L to approximately 100 microEq/L within 2 h after initiation of treatments, and differences were maintained throughout infusions. Intravenous @entity413 tolerance test was performed 8 h after initiation of treatments and was followed by 3 h of blood sampling. The reduction of plasma @entity3691 concentration led to significantly greater @entity413 clearance rate (1.9 vs. 1.2%/min) and to decreased @entity413 half-life (37 vs. 58 min), time to reach basal concentration (81 vs. 114 min) and @entity413 response area under the curve during 180 min of sampling [6,942 vs. 10,085 (microIU/mL) x 180 min]. Enhanced @entity413 clearance was achieved when plasma @entity3691 was reduced by NA, despite lower @entity8788 concentration (70.0 vs. 97.9 +/- 13.4 microIU/mL) and a tendency for smaller @entity8788 response area under the curve during 180 min of sampling [7,646 vs. 12,104 +/- 2,587 (microIU/mL) x 180 min], reflecting an increased response to endogenous @entity8788 . Based on literature, we do not expect NA to have altered @entity413 metabolism directly; therefore, this experiment demonstrates a cause and effect relationship between elevated @entity3691 and @entity8788 resistance in Holstein @entity291 .

title: Reduction of plasma @entity3691 concentration by @entity1670 enhances the response to XXXX in feed-restricted Holstein @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1670 :: ('MESH:D009525', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinic acid']

entities_list: @entity2221 :: ('CHEBI:33229', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamins']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity8788 :: (280829(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: @entity779 is a mosquito-borne @entity1800 prevalent mainly in tropical countries. As the clinical manifestations of dengue are not very unique, laboratory diagnosis is crucial in identifying cases of @entity281 . Detection of @entity281 based on the identification of antidengue antibodies has emerged as a practical and reliable means of diagnosing @entity779 . We recently developed a customized recombinant @entity779 (r-DME-G) that can specifically detect the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class of antidengue antibodies in @entity1 sera. Using this strategy, we have now created another @entity779 , r-DME-M, with specificity for the IgM class of antidengue antibodies. A synthetic gene encoding the r-DME-M protein was expressed as a maltose-binding protein fusion in @entity526 . The recombinant protein was purified in a single affinity chromatographic step to obtain yields of approximately 15 mg purified protein/liter of culture. The purified protein was used to develop an in-house IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and tested using a panel of 172 @entity1 sera characterized using the commercially available Dengue Duo rapid strip test from PanBio, Australia. The IgM ELISA results showed that the r-DME-M protein not only recognized all IgM(+) samples identified by the PanBio test but also identified samples missed by the latter test. We also successfully adapted the r-DME-M protein to a rapid strip test format. This approach of creating customized antigens coupled to overexpression in @entity526 and simple purification offers a promising alternative option to dengue diagnosis with the potential to circumvent the drawbacks of the whole virus antigen-based commercial kits.

title: Recombinant multiepitope protein for early detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['dengue infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral disease']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['dengue multiepitope protein', 'Dengue fever', 'dengue fever']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['dengue infections']


abstract: We report a case of childhood @entity981 with the simultaneous occurrence of a t(2;8)(p12;q24) typically associated with mature B cell or @entity2109 , and a t(12;21)(p13;q22) exclusively associated with pre-B cell @entity981 . The lymphoblasts were characterized as L2 morphology by the French-American-British classification. However, there were atypical morphologic findings for L2 @entity981 , including vacuolization in some cells. The lymphoblasts were periodic acid-Schiff positive and myeloperoxidase negative. Immunophenotypic analysis revealed that the majority of lymphoblasts were TdT+, @entity2282 +, @entity1075 +, @entity2225 -, and cytoplasmic mu+. These features were consistent with an immature pre-B cell @entity1778 phenotype with some characteristics of a mature @entity8624 . A t(2;8)(p12;q24)(p12;q24), characteristic of mature @entity8624 or @entity2109 , was detected by conventional cytogenetics with no other @entity2008 . However, diagnostic peripheral blood and bone marrow specimens demonstrated simultaneous occurrence of a cryptic t(12;21)(p13;q22) by both FISH and RT-PCR. The simultaneous occurrence of these translocations in a pediatric @entity1 have implications for the pathogenesis of @entity1778 with t(2;8)(p12;q24) as well as t(12;21)(p12;q22). Analysis of additional cases of @entity1778 with translocations involving the MYC locus on 8q24 will be required to determine the frequency of association with the cryptic t(12;21)(p13;22), and the prognostic significance of the simultaneous occurrence of the translocations.

title: Translocation (2;8)(p12;q24) associated with a cryptic t(12;21)(p13;q22) TEL/AML1 gene rearrangement in a XXXX with @entity981 .

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ['Burkitt leukemia', 'Burkitt type leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemias', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity8624 :: ('MESH:D015448', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['cytogenetic abnormalities']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a stent-graft designed for a @entity5273 ( @entity5273 ), assess angiographic and hepatic biologic responses to @entity736 ( @entity736 )-encapsulated stents, and compare with a bare stent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve @entity5273 (eight with flexible @entity736 -encapsulated balloon-expandable stent-grafts and four control @entity5273 with bare Wallstents) were created in 12 @entity1707 . Shunt venography was performed at 1-month intervals and necropsy of graft-containing animals at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 months. Control animals were sacrificed at 6 weeks. Detailed histopathologic analyses were performed. RESULTS: The stent-grafts were readily deployed in all cases. Seven of eight graft @entity5273 remained fully patent during the follow-up period without luminal encroachment. Typical myofibrolasts proliferated on the abluminal surface of the graft, without extension into the lumen. No inflammatory reaction was present. Cellular overgrowth from the hepatic vein occluded the end of one graft at 3 months, partly related to rapid axial growth of that animal. The endoluminal surface of this shunt was otherwise patent. At 4-6 weeks, one control @entity5273 was occluded and the other three showed 45%-85% stenoses. No bile staining was seen in any case. CONCLUSION: This @entity736 -encapsulated stent-graft is biocompatible and safe to place. It markedly improves @entity5273 patency, providing almost uninterrupted, unimpeded patency in this model.

title: XXXX -encapsulated endovascular stent-graft for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts: experimental evaluation.

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['PTFE', 'polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity5273 :: ('MESH:C562830', 'Disease') :: ['TIPS', 'transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt']

answer: @entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['PTFE']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The use of opioids in @entity1118 ( @entity1118 ) is controversial, as it presents both benefits and risks. There is currently no available data on the incidence, prescription pattern, functional outcomes and adverse effects of opioids in @entity1 with @entity1118 in Singapore. This study aimed to address the aforementioned deficit. METHODS: All records of @entity1 who were prescribed strong opioids (for > 3 months per year) for the management of @entity1118 over a two-year period were retrospectively analysed. Factors including type of opioid, indications for opioid prescription, uncontrolled side effects, functional status, coexisting psychological issues and suspicion of aberrant drug-seeking behaviour were studied. RESULTS: Out of the 1,389 new @entity1 who visited the centre, 42 (3.0%) with @entity1118 received strong opioids for more than three months a year. The most commonly prescribed opioid was @entity284 (42.9%). The principal diagnosis for opioid prescription was @entity158 (38.1%). Ten @entity1 had severe side effects. 15 @entity1 saw improvement in activities of daily living scores. Although ten @entity1 returned to work, one stopped following the commencement of opioids. Aberrancy was seen in 5 (11.9%) @entity1 , while 19 (45.2%) had psychological issues and 10 (23.8%) required psychiatric co-management. CONCLUSION: Opioids are not a panacea for @entity1118 . Therefore, functional outcomes should be considered more important end points than mere reductions in @entity158 scores. A multidisciplinary team approach is essential for the effective management of @entity1 with @entity1118 who are on opioids.

title: Use of strong opioids for @entity1118 : a retrospective analysis at a XXXX centre in Singapore.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['spinal pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic non-cancer pain', 'chronic pain', 'CNCP']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the surgical approaches, techniques, outcomes, and recurrence rates in a series of 80 @entity1653 ( @entity1653 ) @entity1 operated on between 1990 and 2003. METHODS: Eighty @entity1 underwent 81 @entity1653 surgeries. @entity5 diameter varied from 2 to 9 cm (average, 4.6 cm). In 35 surgeries (43.2%), the @entity5 was removed through bifrontal craniotomy; nine operations (11.1%) were performed through a unilateral subfrontal approach; 18 surgeries (22.2%) were performed through a pterional approach; seven surgeries (8.6%) were carried out using a fronto-orbital craniotomy; and 12 procedures (14.8%) were accomplished via a subcranial approach. Nine @entity1 (11.3%) had undergone surgery previously and had recurrent @entity5 . RESULTS: Total removal was obtained in 72 @entity1 (90.0%); subtotal removal was achieved in 8 @entity1 (10.0%). Two @entity1 , one with total and one with subtotal removal, had atypical (World Health Organization Grade II) @entity1653 , whereas 78 @entity1 had World Health Organization Grade I @entity5 . There was no operative mortality and no new permanent focal @entity51 besides anosmia. Twenty-five @entity1 (31.3%) experienced surgery-related complications. There were no recurrences in 75 @entity1 (93.8%) 6 to 164 months (mean, 70.8 mo) after surgery. Three @entity1 (3.8%) were lost to follow-up. In two @entity1 (2.5%) with subtotal removal, the residual evidenced growth on computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging 1 year after surgery. One of them had an @entity1653 . The second, a @entity156 @entity1 , was operated on twice in this series. CONCLUSION: A variety of surgical approaches are used for @entity1653 resection. An approach tailored to the @entity5 's size, location, and extension, combined with modern microsurgical cranial base techniques, allows full @entity1653 removal with minimal permanent morbidity, excellent neurological outcome, and very low recurrence rates.

title: XXXX from neurosurgical and ear, nose, and throat perspectives: approaches, techniques, and outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['multiple meningiomata']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['olfactory groove meningioma', 'OGM', 'atypical meningioma', 'meningiomas']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['Olfactory groove meningiomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An incisional hernia develops in 3% to 13% of laparotomy incisions, with primary suture repair of @entity4037 yielding unsatisfactory results. The introduction of a prosthetic mesh to ensure abdominal wall strength without tension has decreased the recurrence rate, but open repair requires significant soft tissue dissection in tissues that are already of poor quality as well as flap creation, increasing complication rates and affecting the recurrence rate. A minimally invasive approach was applied to the repair pf @entity4037 , with the expectation of earlier recovery, fewer @entity260 , and decreased recurrence rates. This prospective study was performed to objectively analyze and compare the outcomes after open and laparoscopic @entity4037 repair. METHODS: The outcomes for 50 unselected @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic @entity4037 repair were compared with those for 50 consecutive unselected @entity1 who underwent open repair. The open surgical operations were performed by the Rives and Stoppa technique using prosthetic mesh, whereas the laparoscopic repairs were performed using the intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) repair technique in all cases. RESULTS: The study group consisted of 100 @entity1 (82 @entity1 and 18 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 55.25 years (range, 30-83 years). The @entity1 in the two groups were comparable at baseline in terms of sex, presenting complaints, and comorbid conditions. The @entity1 in laparoscopic group had larger defects (93.96 vs 55.88 cm2; p = 0.0023). The mean follow-up time was 20.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 18.5640-23.0227 months). The mean surgery durations were 90.6 min for the laparoscopic repair and 93.3 min for the open repair (p = 0.769, nonsignificant difference). The mean postoperative stay was shorter for the laparoscopic group than for the open hernia group (2.7 vs 4.7 days; p = 0.044). The @entity158 scores were similar in the two groups at 24 and 48 h, but significantly less at 72 h in the laparoscopic group (mean visual analog scale score, 2.9412 vs 4.1702; p = 0.001). There were fewer complications (24%) and recurrences (2%) among the @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic repair than among those who had open repair (30% and 10%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The findings demonstrate that laparoscopic @entity4037 repair in our experience was safe and resulted in shorter operative time, fewer complications, shorter hospital stays, and less recurrence. Hence, it should be considered as the procedure of choice for @entity4037 repair.

title: Laparoscopic versus open XXXX mesh repair: a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernia', 'ventral hernias']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['ventral hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity15494 ( @entity3958 ) is an endogenous gaseous signalling molecule with putative functions in gastrointestinal motility regulation. Characterization of @entity3958 effects on @entity694 is crucial to establish its potential use as therapeutic agent in the treatment of @entity1049 . EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: @entity3958 effects on @entity694 were characterized using video recordings and construction of spatio-temporal maps. Microelectrode and muscle bath studies were performed to investigate the mechanisms underlying @entity3958 effects. @entity8835 was used as the source of @entity3958 . KEY RESULTS: Rhythmic propulsive motor complexes (RPMCs) and ripples were observed in colonic spatio-temporal maps. Serosal addition of @entity8835 concentration-dependently inhibited RPMCs. In contrast, @entity8835 increased amplitude of the ripples without changing their frequency. Therefore, ripples became the predominant motor pattern. Neuronal blockade with @entity3303 inhibited RPMCs, which were restored after administration of @entity5402 . Subsequent addition of @entity8835 inhibited RPMCs. Luminal addition of @entity8835 did not modify motility patterns. @entity8835 inhibited cholinergic excitatory junction potentials, @entity5402 -induced contractions and hyperpolarized smooth muscle cells, but did not modify slow wave activity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: @entity3958 modulated @entity694 inhibiting propulsive contractile activity and enhancing the amplitude of ripples, promoting mixing. Muscle hyperpolarization and inhibition of neurally mediated cholinergic responses contributed to the inhibitory effect on propulsive activity. @entity3958 effects were not related to changes in the frequency of slow wave activity originating in the network of interstitial cells of Cajal located near the submuscular plexus. Luminal @entity3958 did not modify @entity694 probably because of epithelial detoxification.

title: Effects of XXXX on motility patterns in the rat colon.

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic motility']

entities_list: @entity15494 :: ('CHEBI:16136', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen sulphide']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic disorders']

answer: @entity15494 :: (CHEBI:16136,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen sulphide']