abstract: BACKGROUND: In addition to earlier reports on the association between @entity1800 and @entity9744 , in recent studies, investigators have suggested a similar link to @entity2876 . METHODS: Fifty-nine cholestatic @entity1 (mean age 8 weeks) were investigated for signs of @entity281 with a large spectrum of viruses. Twenty-one @entity1 had @entity2876 , 38 had @entity9744 . The virologic methods included serologic investigation in 59 @entity1 and 54 mothers, virus isolation from stools (49 @entity1 ), urine (58 @entity1 ) and liver biopsies (40 @entity1 ). Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect @entity2803 DNA in 25 of the liver biopsy specimens. Two control groups, one with 35 noncholestatic @entity1 and one with 111 healthy, pregnant @entity1 were checked for serologic signs of @entity2803 . RESULTS: Nineteen of 59 (32%) cholestatic @entity1 , including 8 of 21 (38%) with @entity2876 , compared with 2 of 35 (6%) control @entity1 had @entity2803 -immunoglobulin (Ig) M detected in serum (p < 0.01). Fifty-one of 54 (94%) tested mothers of cholestatic @entity1 were seropositive for @entity2803 , compared with 83 of 111 (75%) control mothers (p < 0.01). @entity2803 DNA in liver specimens was detected by polymerase chain reaction in 9 of 18 (50%) analyzed @entity1 with @entity2876 and in specimens from 3 of 7 @entity1 with @entity9744 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2803 may play a role, not only in @entity9744 , as was suggested earlier, but also in @entity2876 . The pathogenetic mechanism for this link remains to be established.

title: The viral association of neonatal cholestasis in Sweden: a possible link between XXXX and @entity2876 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['Cytomegalovirus', 'Cytomegalovirus infection', 'cytomegalovirus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic biliary atresia', 'biliary atresia']

entities_list: @entity9744 :: ('MESH:D002780', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic neonatal cholestasis', 'intrahepatic cholestasis']

answer: @entity2803 :: (MESH:D003586,Disease) :: ['cytomegalovirus infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and feasibility of transcatheter closure of @entity118 ( @entity118 ) without @entity661 sizing. METHODS: A total of 243 @entity1 (group I), aged 2.1-76 years (median 22 years), underwent transcatheter closure of @entity118 without @entity661 sizing. The maximal diameter of the defect was measured on transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) images. The size of device selected was generally 4-6 mm and 5-8 mm larger than the maximal diameter, if the defect was <14 mm and > or =14 mm, respectively. The results of @entity118 closure in group I were compared with those of 271 @entity1 (group II, median age 11 years) who underwent @entity118 closure with @entity661 sizing prior to the study period. RESULTS: Of the 243 @entity1 in group I, the maximal defect diameter ranged from 5.2 to 37 mm (mean 17.5 +/- 6.6 mm, median 17 mm). A total of 247 Amplatzer septal occluders were deployed in 240 @entity1 . Two @entity1 were found to develop distal embolization of a device the next day. Therefore, failure occurred in five @entity1 . Comparing the results between group I and group II, there was no significant difference in success rate (238/243 vs. 263/271), incidence of embolization (2/243 vs. 2/271) and complete closure rate at 3-month follow-up (94.1% vs. 95.8%). There is significant difference in mean age (26.6 +/- 20.2 vs. 19.1 +/- 17.6), maximal defect diameter (17.5 +/- 6.6 vs. 14.1 +/- 5.9 mm) and Q(p)/Q(s) ratio (2.77 +/- 1.11 vs. 2.48 +/- 0.97) between group I and II. The mean diameter of device used was significantly larger in group I than in group II (23.1 +/- 8.1 vs. 19.6 +/- 7 mm, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Balloon sizing may not be necessary in transcatheter closure of @entity118 .

title: Transcatheter closure of @entity118 without XXXX sizing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect', 'ASD']

answer: @entity661 :: (MESH:D054549,Disease) :: ['balloon']


abstract: We recently reported that the D2/D3 agonist @entity399 may have pro-cognitive effects in euthymic @entity1 with @entity162 ( @entity162 ); however, the emergence of @entity23 has been documented in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) after @entity399 treatment. Performance on reward-based tasks is altered in healthy subjects after a single dose of @entity399 , but its potential to induce abnormalities in @entity162 @entity1 is unknown. We assessed reward-dependent decision making in euthymic @entity162 @entity1 pre- and post 8 weeks of treatment with @entity399 or placebo by using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). The IGT requires subjects to choose among four card decks (two risky and two conservative) and is designed to promote learning to make advantageous (conservative) choices over time. Thirty-four @entity162 @entity1 completed both assessments (18 placebo and 16 @entity399 ). Baseline performance did not differ by treatment group (F=0.63; p=0.64); however, at week 8, @entity162 @entity1 on @entity399 demonstrated a significantly greater tendency to make increasingly high-risk, high-reward choices across the five blocks, whereas the placebo group's pattern was similar to that reported in healthy individuals (treatment * time * block interaction, p<0.05). Analyses of choice strategy using the expectancy valence model revealed that after 8 weeks on @entity399 , @entity162 @entity1 attended more readily to feedback related to gains than to losses, which could explain the impaired learning. There were no significant changes in mood symptoms over the 8 weeks, and no increased propensity toward @entity162 -like behaviors were reported. Our results suggest that the enhancement of dopaminergic activity influences risk-associated decision-making performance in euthymic @entity162 . The clinical implications remain unknown.

title: Dopaminergic influences on emotional decision making in euthymic bipolar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'BPD', 'bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulse-control disorders']

entities_list: @entity399 :: ('MESH:C061333', 'Chemical') :: ['pramipexole']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The analgesic effectiveness of @entity3285 was compared with @entity1287 and @entity1443 for @entity158 from an arthroscopically assisted patellar-tendon autograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. There were 125 @entity1 evaluated in a double-blind, randomized, multicenter, and multidose study. A loading dose of parental @entity3285 was administered and subjects were later given two staged doses of the same "unknown" drug with @entity158 evaluations conducted after each dose. For group 1, dose 1 consisted of @entity3285 20 mg orally and dose 2 was @entity3285 10 mg. For group 2, both dose 1 and dose 2 consisted of @entity1287 10 mg plus @entity1443 1,000 mg orally. Efficacy was evaluated by standard analgesic measures. Subjects treated as outpatients showed lower categorical @entity158 intensity for @entity3285 than @entity1287 and @entity1443 at 1 hour (P=.03), 2 hours (P=.006), and 3 hours (P=.02); lower summed intensity differences for @entity3285 than @entity1287 and @entity1443 at 3 hours (P=.014) and 4 hours (P=.019); and better total @entity158 relief for @entity3285 than @entity1287 and @entity1443 at 3 hours (P=.014) and 4 hours (P=.013). With an effective loading dose administered before the subsequent oral dosage, there was statistically better @entity158 reduction with @entity3285 than with @entity1287 and @entity1443 . Moreover, @entity3285 was no more likely to cause digestive complaints than @entity1287 and @entity1443 . No bleeding problems were observed in either group. In the outpatient setting, @entity3285 controls postoperative @entity158 better than @entity1287 and @entity1443 in the immediate postsurgery period.

title: Comparison of oral ketorolac and @entity1287 for XXXX relief after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity1287 :: ('MESH:D006853', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocodone']

entities_list: @entity3285 :: ('MESH:D020911', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac tromethamine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of chewing gutka,areca @entity9428 , snuff and @entity286 smoking among the young population in the Northern India Population between the age of 15 to 22 years. Methods: The study was approved by the ethical committee. A total of 10 school and colleges located in the rural and urban areas was selected. A total of 1500 young individuals aged between 15 to 22 years were selected . A self-administered questionnaire was designed comprised of 14 closed ended questions about Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards consumption of areca @entity9428 , gutka and @entity286 smoking that were filled by the @entity1 . Descriptive statistics were obtained and mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentages were calculated. Data was analyzed by using SPSS. Result: A total of 1050 out of 1500 students responded to the questionnaire. A total of 227 subjects agreed that they are consuming the @entity286 . Out of this, 196 (86.34%) were @entity1 and 31 (13.65%) were @entity1 who agreed in consumption of @entity286 product. Out of 196, 150 @entity1 (76.5%) practices the habit of smoking 1 -5 times a day and 46 (23.4% ) practice the habit of chewing areca @entity9428 and gutkha 1 - 5 times a day. Out of 31 @entity1 , 25 @entity1 (80.6%) practices the habit of smoking 1 -5 times a day and 6 (19.4%) practice the habit of chewing areca @entity9428 and gutkha 1 - 5 times a day. Out of 740 subjects, 530 were @entity1 and 210 @entity1 have full knowledge of deleterious long term effects of @entity286 consumption. Conclusion:The present study concluded that young population of North India lack Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding consumption of areca @entity9428 , gutka and @entity286 smoking. Here is an urgent need to take effective steps, especially on launching community awareness programs for the school @entity1 and public to educate them about the consequences of @entity286 use, and on assessing their effectiveness in curbing the problem.

title: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Chewing Gutka, Areca @entity9428 , Snuff and XXXX Smoking Among the Young Population in the Northern India Population

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'girls', 'boys']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Surgical correction of @entity299 mostly implies the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). However, a possible negative impact of CPB on cerebral structures like the hippocampus cannot be neglected. Therefore, we investigated the effect of CPB on hippocampus @entity1399 and @entity1400 regions without or with the addition of @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ) or @entity1214 . We studied 42 piglets and divided them into six experimental groups: control without or with @entity3090 or @entity1214 , CPB without or with @entity3090 or @entity1214 . The piglets underwent 90 minutes CPB and subsequently, a 120-minute recovery and reperfusion phase. Thereafter, histology of the hippocampus was performed and the @entity855 ( @entity855 ) content was measured. Histologic evaluation revealed that CPB produced a significant peri-cellular @entity4 in both CA regions. Moreover, we found an increased number of cells stained with markers for @entity519 , apoptosis and nitrosative stress. Most of these alterations were significantly reduced to or near to control levels by application of @entity3090 or @entity1214 . @entity855 content was significantly reduced within the hippocampus after CPB. This reduction could not be antagonized by @entity3090 or @entity1214 . In conclusion, CPB had a significant negative impact on the integrity of hippocampal neural cells. This cellular damage could be significantly attenuated by addition of @entity3090 or @entity1214 .

title: Hippocampal Neuroprotection by @entity1214 and XXXX Against Cardiopulmonary Bypass-Associated Injury.

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['epigallocatechin-3-gallate']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cardiac malformations']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity3089 :: (MESH:C045651,Chemical) :: ['Epigallo-Catechin-3-Gallate']


abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of our treatment regimen in metastatic @entity320 . Thirty @entity1 entered the study after undergoing a thorough metastatic workup. Treatment protocol included @entity3600 (BCNU) (150 mg/m(2) IV, day 1) every 6 weeks, @entity2699 ( @entity2699 ) (220 mg/m(2) IV, days 1-3), and @entity900 (25 mg/m(2) IV, days 1-3) every 3 weeks, interferon A-2B (6 x 10(6) U/m daily s.c. on days 4-8 and 16-20) and @entity440 20 mg/day for 6 weeks. Among 29 evaluable @entity1 , overall response was seen in 15 (52%) and complete response in 5 (17%) @entity1 . Median duration of partial response was 4 months (range, 1-12 months); of complete response was 8 months (range, 2-14 months). Complete response continues in two @entity1 with lung metastases. Median survival time was 8.7 months. Side effects were tolerable. Four (13%) @entity1 developed @entity221 , and platelet transfusions were required in five (17%) @entity1 . One @entity1 died of @entity1398 . @entity882 caused prolongation of the median interval between the first and second courses, and drug doses were reduced in the second course in 8 of 26 (31%) @entity1 . Our chemoimmunohormonal regimen is efficient in metastatic @entity320 and can induce durable remission. Severe @entity882 leads to a reduction of @entity3600 dose in a new protocol.

title: Chemoimmunohormonal therapy with @entity3600 , @entity2699 , @entity900 , @entity440 , and interferon for metastatic XXXX : a prospective phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine', 'DTIC']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ) are a particular problem in the developing world. @entity146 and rapid societal changes appear to be contributing to the high prevalence. @entity249 , a consequence of @entity2953 , is seen as one of the most devastating things that could happen to an African @entity1 . Behavioral risk factors for @entity2953 include age at 1st intercourse, number of sexual partners and use of contraception. The 1st two indicate length of exposure and amount of exposure respectively. Along with the prevalence of @entity2953 in the community, these factors allow an estimate of the population at risk for @entity2953 . Demographic risk factors from developed countries may not be applicable to developing countries. Data on sexual behavior in Africa is poor. Great intercultural variation exists. Age at 1st intercourse is earlier in Africa than America, with over 1/3 of African @entity1 reporting sexual activity by age 14, and 90% by age 17. Premarital sexual activity is high. Prostitution is widespread in African cities, and has been related to lack of expectations for marital fidelity, premarital celibacy and the infrequency of romantic love. Prostitutes play an important role in @entity2953 transmission. Current population growth in Africa has skewed the population towards the young, there has been rural to urban migration, and there are skewed sex ratios with many more @entity1 in cities: all of these factors predispose to @entity2953 . The high prevalence of untreated @entity2953 , resulting in increased @entity249 acts paradoxically to increase rather than decrease the fertility in Africa. @entity249 is devastating for an African @entity1 , resulting in divorce and diminished social status that often leads to prostitution. The fear of infertilty results in refusal of contraception and early childbearing to demonstrate fertiltiy.

title: Sexual behaviour, perceptions of XXXX and family planning in sub-Saharan Africa.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['Infertility', 'infertility']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['Sexually transmitted diseases', 'STD']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Sexual behavior']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aims to observe and analyze the clinical efficacy of interventional therapy for @entity1 with @entity12040 ( @entity12040 ) experiencing @entity2792 ( @entity2792 ). METHODS: Eight @entity12040 @entity1 with @entity2792 underwent percutaneous transluminal renal artery stenting (PTRAS). @entity1 were followed up 1, 6, 12, and 24  months postoperatively for levels of blood pressure, number of antihypertensive drugs being taken, levels of serum @entity1011 , and the presence of @entity8 . RESULTS: All 8 @entity1 were successfully followed up 1, 6, and 12  months postoperatively, but 1 was lost to follow-up at 24  months. All @entity1 had significantly lower average blood pressure levels compared with those at baseline (P  <  0.05); treatment efficacy rates (recovery or improvement) at 1, 6, 12, and 24  months were 94%, 90%, 80%, and 80%, respectively. The average number of antihypertensive drugs being taken was 3.5 at baseline, 1.0 at 1  month, 0.5 at 6  months, 1.0 at 12  months, and 1.5 at 24  months. Serum @entity1011 levels during the follow-up period were not significantly different from those at the baseline. No @entity1 developed @entity8 during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: PTRAS is a safe and effective treatment for @entity12040 -associated @entity2792 , with a high technical success rate and a low complication rate. This interventional therapy can effectively control @entity12040 -related @entity101 and can also preserve and even improve kidney function.

title: Clinical Efficacy of Percutaneous Transluminal Renal Artery Stenting for the Treatment of @entity2792 Associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery restenosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['RH', 'renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ['TA', 'Takayasu arteritis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity12040 :: (MESH:D013625,Disease) :: ['Takayasu Arteritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Surgery for morbid @entity28 is considered when other treatments have failed. A number of procedures are available, but the effects of these surgical procedures compared with medical management and with each other are uncertain. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of surgery for morbid @entity28 . SEARCH STRATEGY: Studies were obtained from computerized searches of multiple electronic bibliographic databases, supplemented with hand searches of selected journals and consultation with experts in @entity28 research. Date of the most recent searches: December 2004. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials comparing different surgical procedures, and randomised controlled trials and prospective cohort studies comparing surgery with non-surgical management for morbid @entity28 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted by one reviewer and checked independently by two reviewers. Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality. MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-six trials were included. Two randomised controlled trials and three prospective cohort studies compared surgery with non-surgical management, and 21 randomised controlled trials compared different surgical procedures. The quality of most of the trials was poor; just three trials had adequate allocation concealment. A meta-analysis was not possible due to differences in the surgical procedures performed, measures of weight change and length of follow-up. Compared with conventional management, surgery resulted in greater @entity353 (21 kg @entity353 at eight years versus @entity1017 ), with improvements in quality of life and comorbidities. Some complications of surgery occurred, such as @entity2737 . Gastric bypass was associated with greater @entity353 , better quality of life and fewer revisions, reoperations and/or conversions than gastroplasty, but had more side-effects. Greater @entity353 and fewer side-effects and reoperations occurred with adjustable gastric banding than vertical banded gastroplasty, but laparoscopic vertical banded gastroplasty produced more @entity1 with an excellent or good result and fewer late complications than laparoscopic adjustable @entity1346 gastric banding. Vertical banded gastroplasty was associated with greater @entity353 but more @entity391 than horizontal gastroplasty. Some @entity204 occurred in the studies. Weight loss was similar between open and laparoscopic procedures. Fewer serious complications occurred with laparoscopic surgery, although conversion to open surgery was sometimes required. Most studies found that laparoscopic surgery had a longer operative time. But, it resulted in reduced @entity190 and quicker recovery. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The limited evidence suggests that surgery is more effective than conventional management for @entity353 in morbid @entity28 . The comparative safety and effectiveness of different surgical procedures is unclear.

title: Surgery for morbid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative deaths']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: @entity1 with mammographically dense breast tissue have a greatly increased risk of developing @entity0 . Dense breast tissue contains more stromal collagen, which contributes to increased matrix stiffness and alters normal cellular responses. Stromal collagen within and surrounding @entity5 is frequently aligned and reoriented perpendicular to the @entity5 boundary. We have shown that aligned collagen predicts poor outcome in @entity0 @entity1 , and postulate this is because it facilitates invasion by providing tracks on which cells migrate out of the @entity5 . However, the mechanisms by which alignment may promote migration are not understood. Here, we investigated the contribution of matrix stiffness and alignment to  cell migration speed and persistence. Mechanical measurements of the stiffness of collagen matrices with varying density and  alignment were compared with the results of a 3D microchannel alignment assay to quantify cell migration. We further interpreted the experimental results using a computational model of cell migration. We find that collagen alignment confers an increase in stiffness, but does not increase the speed of migrating cells. Instead, alignment enhances the efficiency of migration by increasing directional persistence and restricting protrusions along aligned fibers, resulting in a greater distance traveled. These results suggest that matrix topography, rather than stiffness, is the dominant feature by which an aligned matrix can enhance invasion through 3D collagen matrices.

title: 3D Collagen Alignment Limits Protrusions to Enhance XXXX Cell Persistence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mammary tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: This study was conducted on female @entity1 with different gynecological problems attending the gynecology out- @entity1 departments of two tertiary care hospitals in Peshawar city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan between August 2012 and October 2013. The 200 @entity1 had an age range of 21-65 years. Smears were taken with cervical brushes and preserved in preservative medium and processed for manual liquid based cytology (MLBC) for @entity975 staining. Out of 200 collected samples, 30 samples were found inadequate on cytology. Of the remaining 170 samples, 164 (96.47%) were normal, 5 (2.94%) were of atypical squamous cells of unknown significance (ASCUS) and 1 (0.6%) was of @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ). On PCR all the samples were positive for @entity5358 gene fragment including those reported inadequate on cytology. Out of the 5 ASCUS samples, 2 samples were positive for HPV, one each for @entity1799 and HPV 18, and the rest of the 3 samples were negative for HPV DNA. The 1 sample of @entity2784 was positive for @entity1799 on PCR. Out of 164 normal samples on cytology, only 1 sample was @entity1799 positive. So overall, 4 (2%) out of 200 samples were positive for HPV DNA, where 3 were @entity1799 (1.5%), and 1 was HPV 18 (0.5%) positive, and thus the ratio of infection with of @entity1799 to HPV 18 was 3:1 in the general population. In conclusion, PCR based HPV detection is a more sensitive method for screening of @entity281 than cytology as sample inadequacy does not affect the results. However, it can be combined with cytology methods in a HPV positive female to achieve the maximum results.

title: Manual Liquid Based Cytology for XXXX Smear Preparation and HPV Detection by PCR in Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['HSIL', 'high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion']

answer: @entity975 :: (5068,Gene) :: ['Pap']


abstract: The effect of @entity4688 on glomerular hemodynamics and permselectivity and on subsequent @entity1463 was studied in male MWF/Ztm @entity35 which spontaneously develop @entity644 and @entity8 . Untreated group 1 and @entity4688 -treated group 2 (50 mg/liter, in the drinking water) underwent micropuncture studies after 2 mo of observation. After the same period of treatment, group 3 (untreated) and group 4 ( @entity4688 treated) were used for determination of whole-kidney function and neutral dextran clearances. Group 5 (untreated) and group 6 ( @entity4688 treated) were followed for an additional 4 mo and used for kidney function and morphological studies. @entity4688 significantly lowered systolic blood pressure, which was elevated in untreated groups, and significantly reduced @entity644 (295 +/- 64 vs. 128 +/- 24 mg/24 h by the end of the study). Despite the reduced renal perfusion pressure, whole-kidney glomerular filtration rate was higher in @entity4688 -treated than in untreated @entity35 (0.96 +/- 0.14 vs. 0.81 +/- 0.10 ml/min, P less than 0.05) as was the single nephron glomerular filtration rate (54 +/- 7.1 vs. 46 +/- 4.0 nl/min, P less than 0.05). The single glomerular afferent plasma flow was comparable in both groups. @entity4688 reduced mean glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure from the normal value of 51 +/- 1 mmHg (untreated @entity35 ) to a value lower than normal (44 +/- 1 mmHg, P less than 0.001). These hemodynamic changes were associated with a significant reduction in afferent (approximately 23%) and efferent (approximately 26%) arteriolar resistance. The mean ultrafiltration coefficient was two times higher in the @entity4688 (0.126 +/- 0.027 nl/s per mmHg) than in the untreated group (0.061 +/- 0.023 nl/s per mmHg). The clearance of dextran macromolecules relative to that of inulin was significantly reduced for all molecular sizes studied (26-64 A) in @entity4688 -treated vs. untreated @entity35 . Theoretical analysis of dextran fractional clearances using a heteroporous model of neutral solute transport across the glomerular capillary wall indicated that @entity4688 affected glomerular membrane size selective properties, reducing uniformly the radius of hypothetical membrane pores. @entity4688 treatment also significantly limited (P less than 0.01) the development of @entity8 (mean percentage of @entity3808 glomeruli was 4.2 +/- 3.5% [treated] vs. 28 +/- 15% [untreated] @entity35 at the end of the study) as well as tubulo-interstitial damage. These results suggest that the protective effect of @entity4688 on the development of @entity644 and @entity8 in this model is due to its property of ameliorating size selectivity and hydraulic permeability of the glomerular capillaries.

title: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition ameliorates glomerular filtration of macromolecules and water and @entity8 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril', 'Enalapril']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular structural damage', 'glomerular structural lesions', 'glomerular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There have been few studies to date evaluating the effectiveness of contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound (CE-EUS) for detecting mural nodules in @entity1 with branch duct-type @entity4929 (BD-IPMN) of the @entity788 . We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of CE-EUS for detecting mural nodules in BD-IPMN. @entity1 AND METHODS: Of the 427 BD-IPMN @entity1 , 21 @entity1 (4.9%) in whom the presence of mural nodules was suggested by CE computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or in whom the presence of nodule-like lesions as shown by fundamental EUS, were examined by CE-EUS. RESULTS: The mean diameter of cystic lesions was 29.8    12.8 mm. The mean diameter of mural nodules was 9.5    5.7 mm. BD-IPMN was detected in the pancreatic head in 16 cases, pancreatic body in 2 cases, and pancreatic tail in 3 cases. The mean follow-up period was 17.2    11.9 months. The detection rates of mural nodule-like lesions in BD-IPMN @entity1 on CT, MRI, and fundamental EUS were 36.8%, 63.2%, and 100%, respectively. The detection rates of true mural nodules in BD-IPMN @entity1 on CT, MRI, and fundamental EUS were 85.7%, 71.4%, and 100%, respectively. The echo levels of mural nodule-like lesions on fundamental EUS were hyperechoic in 6 @entity1 , isoechoic in 9 @entity1 , and hypoechoic in 6 @entity1 . The final diagnosis was mucus lumps in 14 @entity1 and mural nodules in 7 @entity1 . The contrast patterns observed were avascular, isovascular, and hypervascular in 14, 3, and 4 @entity1 , respectively. No @entity1 showed a hypovascular pattern. Fourteen @entity1 showing an avascular pattern were diagnosed as having mucus lumps, and they were able to avoid surgical resection. Of the 7 @entity1 who were diagnosed as having mural nodules, 5 underwent surgical resection. The pathological findings were @entity420 in 2 @entity1 and @entity652 in 3 @entity1 . Of the 3 @entity652 @entity1 , fundamental EUS demonstrated a hypoechoic area in 1 @entity1 and an isoechoic area in 2 @entity1 . Of the 2 @entity420 @entity1 , 1 each showed a hypoechoic area and a hyperechoic area. It was difficult to distinguish between @entity1 with @entity652 and @entity1 with @entity420 using the echo levels obtained from fundamental EUS. CONCLUSIONS: CE-EUS may be useful for avoiding the overdiagnosis of BD-IPMN with mural nodule-like lesions. However, it has difficulty in distinguishing between clearly benign and malignant lesions in BD-IPMN.

title: Effectiveness of contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound for detecting mural nodules in @entity4929 of the XXXX and for making therapeutic decisions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreas']


abstract: Epidemiological studies suggest that environment plays an important role in the aetiology of @entity5 . Thus, if a @entity5 (e.g. @entity263 (CaP)) arises in males, one could hypothesize that risk in co-habiting partners might be elevated. We conducted an observational-questionnaire study in NorthWest England evaluating the medical histories of CaP males and their female partners. Details regarding previous partners (>10y) were also sought. Self-filled questionnaires were obtained from 548 males, 81 of whom provided information on previous female partners (PFPs) and 448 current female partners (CFPs). Observed rates over a 30-y period (1971-2001) of common @entity5 (breast, colorectal or lung) in female partners and @entity14 in males were compared to the cumulative expected probability (estimated using crude incidence rates for England provided by the Office of National Statistics, UK) using a Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit test. @entity14 in males were similar to national estimates. Rates for breast, @entity14 among CFPs and the total female cohort (CFPs plus PFPs) were also similar to estimates. However, observed rates for @entity0 among PFPs were significantly (P< or =0.001) elevated. Our results suggest no evidence of elevated risk among female partners of CaP males.

title: An observational study of XXXX among female partners of @entity263 patients.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast or lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal or lung cancer', 'Colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancers']


abstract: GOAL OF THE STUDY: To analyse the results of non surgical treatment (cast for 12 weeks) for complete and @entity397 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed with an average follow up of 2 years 14 @entity1 (14 @entity397 ). All @entity1 evaluated subjective results on a linear scale. Objective results were given by clinical examination, ultrasonography and performance testing. RESULTS: Subjective results were excellent for 50% of cases, good for 29% and fair for 21%. Amyotrophy of the @entity291 was always noted (mean 15 cm). The maximum force was reduced by 22% and the endurance by 47% in comparison with the healthy @entity291 . All sportsmen but one were able to continue their sport as before. None of them had to change their job. DISCUSSION: The conservative treatment of fresh @entity397 tendon by plaster cast for 12 weeks gives satisfactory results in comparison with surgical treatment followed by 6 weeks immobilisation. The results are not so good when compared to conservative or surgical treatment followed by immediate mobilisation. CONCLUSION: Conservative treatment by plaster cast for 12 weeks should be applied to non compliant @entity1 or to @entity1 who are not concerned by the functional results or unable to follow a programme of reeducation or to @entity1 with chronic @entity272 .

title: [Acute XXXX conservatively treated cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['recent rupture of Achilles tendon', 'ruptures', 'ruptured Achilles']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['ruptures of the Achilles tendon--apropos of 14']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The emergence and spread of drug resistant Salmonellae of both @entity1 and animal origins are global concerns and worrisome in countries where the risk of @entity281 is high and treatment options are limited. The objective of this study was to estimate the proportions of animal isolates resistant to antimicrobials used against @entity1 @entity5746 in Ethiopia. METHODS: Published studies on the antimicrobial resistance features of Salmonellae isolated from food animals of Ethiopia were searched in Medline, Google Scholar and the lists of references of articles. Eligible studies were selected by using inclusion and exclusion criteria and data were extracted. The extracted data included the host species, the numbers of isolates and the numbers of @entity869 , @entity799 , @entity2755 , @entity2756 and @entity2177 resistant isolates. The risks of bias were assessed and the percentages of the variations of the estimates attributable to heterogeneities were quantified. Pooled proportions were estimated by the DerSimonian and Laird random effects model. RESULTS: Five hundred and fifty four Salmonellae isolated from @entity291 , @entity20770 , @entity742 , @entity1237 and @entity1707 were tested with a variety of antimicrobials. The percentages of the variations attributable to heterogeneities were low for @entity2755 and @entity2756 (I(2) = 0) and high for @entity869 , @entity799 and @entity2177 resistance estimates (I(2) > 75%). The pooled estimate of @entity869 resistant isolates was higher in slaughtered ruminants (17.28%) than in @entity1707 (3.95%), (p < 0.001). The pooled estimates of @entity799 resistant isolates in true ruminants (4.35%) and @entity1707 (1.12%) were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The overall pooled estimates of @entity2755 and @entity2756 resistant isolates were 2.24% and 1.25%, respectively. Seven serotypes have been reported to be resistant to antimicrobials uncommonly used in veterinary clinical practice in Ethiopia. CONCLUSIONS: Among Salmonellae of farm animals, there exist strains that are resistant to drugs used in the therapeutic management of @entity1 @entity5746 in Ethiopia. Intervention measures should be taken to ensure the prudent use of antimicrobials and curb the spread of high risk strains across the country.

title: A meta-analysis of the proportion of animal Salmonella isolates resistant to drugs used against XXXX @entity5746 in Ethiopia.

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['co-trimoxazole']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['salmonellosis']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The ability of a low (0.2 g/kg) oral dose of @entity1068 to provide a drug discriminative stimulus was studied in young healthy @entity1 volunteers, who were social drinkers. Seventeen of 24 subjects acquired the discrimination following 10 trials in which they received aliquots of @entity1068 or of placebo drink (tonic water mixed with Tabasco sauce). In generalization studies, in which the dose of @entity1068 was varied, discrimination performance was dose dependent; doses greater than 0.05 g/kg gave rise to significant @entity1068 -appropriate responding. Concurrent estimates of the subjective effects of doses administered as discriminative stimuli revealed that two factors--taste and light-headedness--were associated with discrimination: at the training dose, 0.2 g/kg, although both the factors taste and light-headedness were significantly increased, only taste predicted discrimination performance. At lower doses, taste did not contribute to discrimination, but the subjective rating light-headedness correlated significantly with discrimination accuracy. Post hoc analyses of the influence of the amount of @entity167 regularly drunk by the volunteers, on discrimination performance suggested light-headedness correlated with discriminative performance only in social drinkers drinking more than 20 units per week. In a second experiment, groups of "high" (mean 40 units per week) and "low" (mean 10 units per week) social drinkers were prospectively identified. Discrimination performance of 0.2 g/kg @entity1068 in orange juice vs. orange juice vehicle indicated that both groups were able to perform the discrimination following a single training trial, and that generalization curves over the range 0.05-0.2 g/kg were dose dependent, and not different between the groups. At the lowest dose, discrimination performance was predicted by taste, stimulation, and light-headedness in the "high" group, but not in the "low" group. The ability of these @entity1068 doses to induce feelings of craving for @entity1068 were assessed in parallel, using the Desire for @entity167 Questionnaire (DAQ). "High" drinkers showed higher desire for @entity1068 on all factors of the DAQ except the "positive negative reinforcement" factor, and sampling @entity1068 tended to increase desire in these measures. However, at each dose, the induction of feelings of desire for @entity1068 showed a negative correlation with discrimination performance. These findings are discussed in the context of the ability of animals and @entity1 to use several components of drug-induced stimuli in the performance of drug discrimination, and the role of such discriminative stimuli in priming of @entity1068 drinking.

title: Relationship of components of an @entity167 interoceptive stimulus to induction of desire for XXXX in social drinkers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: This study systematically analyzes platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor expression in six types of common @entity5 as well as examines associations between @entity6006 -receptor status and clinicopathological characteristics in @entity0 . PDGF receptor expression was determined by immunohistochemistry on @entity5 tissue microarrays. @entity0 data were combined with prognostic factors and related to outcome endpoints. PDGF alpha- and beta-receptors were independently expressed, at variable frequencies, in the @entity5 stroma of all tested @entity5 types. There was a significant association between @entity6006 -receptor expression on fibroblasts and perivascular cells in individual @entity263 . In @entity0 , high stromal @entity6006 -receptor expression was significantly associated with high histopathological grade, @entity172 receptor negativity, and high @entity1722 expression. High stromal @entity6006 -receptor expression was correlated with significantly shorter recurrence-free and @entity0 -specific survival. The prognostic significance of stromal @entity6006 -receptor expression was particularly prominent in @entity5 from premenopausal @entity1 . Stromal PDGF alpha- and beta-receptor expression is a common, but variable and independent, property of solid @entity5 . In @entity0 , stromal @entity6006 -receptor expression significantly correlates with less favorable clinicopathological parameters and shorter survival. These findings highlight the prognostic significance of stromal markers and should be considered in ongoing clinical development of PDGF receptor inhibitors.

title: Prognostic significance of stromal platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor expression in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['colon and prostate tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast tumor', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Serum IgE responses during primary or challenge infections with Trichostrongylus colubriformis were examined by measuring total IgE and parasite-specific IgE by ELISA. Three- to four-month-old @entity742 reared @entity2199 -free received a single primary infection of 30,000 T. colubriformis-infective larvae (TcL3). Infections were terminated after 100 days by anthelmintic treatment, at which time faecal egg counts had fallen to low levels. Total serum IgE increased slowly from 20 days p.i. until anthelmintic treatment. The specific IgE response to T. colubriformis adult antigen peaked at 20-27 days p.i. before returning to near baseline levels. A further slight increase occurred between 56 and 100 days p.i. The animals were then divided equally into two groups. A first series of challenge infections consisting of either weekly 10,000 @entity281 (Group A) or a single 30,000 @entity281 (Group B) produced low faecal egg counts. Total and specific IgE to adult and L3-ES antigens increased rapidly over a 21-day period, then remained elevated irrespective of challenge regime. Termination of primary and the first challenge infections with anthelmintic resulted in a rapid decline in serum IgE responses but not other T. colubriformis-specific Ig responses. A second series of challenge infections consisting of repeated 10,000 (Group A) or 20,000 @entity281 (Group B) resulted in all IgE responses peaking within 7-8 days p.i. Marked softening of faeces coincided with peaks of specific and total IgE responses during challenge infections. The results of this study showed that infection of @entity742 with T. colubriformis leads to elevated levels of total and parasite-specific IgE in serum. IgE responses following challenge suggest involvement of this antibody isotype in protection from T. @entity281 .

title: Serum IgE responses during primary and challenge infections of XXXX with Trichostrongylus colubriformis.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['colubriformis infections', 'TcL3 infections', 'TcL3 infection']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: Preganglionic @entity2685 fall into two categories according to the lesion site, root avulsion injury and root @entity130 . The latter type of @entity1897 (PNS) component at the injured spinal cord surface. Previous investigators have used rhizotomy of experimental animals as a model for dorsal root @entity130 . However, the effect on the central nervous system (CNS)-PNS junction accompanied by the mechanical stress from traction force is hard to estimate in this model. The current study aimed to demonstrate temporal molecular alterations from the CNS-PNS junction to the ruptured dorsal root after traction injury by immunohistochemical procedures. At 28 days after @entity130 , @entity538 -positive structures could be clearly identified showing rather straight lines from the centro-peripheral junction toward the peripheral stump in the ruptured dorsal root. Immunoelectron microscopy for @entity538 verified @entity538 IR within the astrocytic processes at the injured dorsal root at 28 days after @entity130 . Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor immunoreactivity ( @entity6352 IR) was slightly upregulated within the Schwann cell bodies on the injured dorsal root at 24-48 h after @entity130 . However, @entity6352 IR had appeared showing a process-like profile on the ruptured dorsal root by 28 days, and it was closely related with @entity538 -positive structures. In contrast, a small increase in @entity538 IR was only detected on the proximal side on the rhizotomized dorsal root at 28 days after rhizotomy. A marked decrease in NF IR and S-100 IR was observed at the ruptured dorsal root from 7 days. On the other hand, laminin IR was strongly upregulated on the ruptured dorsal root from 48 h to 7 days, and was still evident at 28 days. We therefore conclude that the astrocytes show a unique ability to extend their processes toward the stump. This ability may provide a new medium for the study of axonal regeneration in future clinical experiments.

title: Dorsal root @entity130 induces extension of astrocytic processes into the peripheral nervous system and expression of XXXX in astrocytes.

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['injury involves part of the peripheral nervous system']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['rupture injury', 'dorsal rupture injury']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus injuries']

answer: @entity6352 :: (2668,Gene) :: ['GDNF']


abstract: This study is a retrospective review of all consecutive surgeries involving insertion of @entity1346 malar implants performed at the Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital from January 1, 1985 to April 30, 1993. Sixty-four @entity1 underwent placement of 126 @entity1346 malar implants. Three different sizes were utilized: 23 size 1, 85 size 2, and 18 size 3. Eleven @entity1 underwent unilateral implant placement, all for reconstructive purposes. The average and median ages of the @entity1 were 43 and 44 years, respectively, with a range of 18 to 83 years. Malar implants were inserted for the following reasons: @entity509 , post-traumatic deformity, post- @entity5 resection deformity, and correction of @entity4802 . In 79 percent of the @entity1 , malar augmentation was performed in conjunction with other surgical procedures. All implants were placed in a subperiosteal pocket by either the intraoral, subciliary, or preauricular approach. Forty-one percent were fixed in place by percutaneous sutures. Malar augmentation with @entity1346 implants for both aesthetic and reconstructive purposes is an increasingly common surgical procedure. Good results are obtained with few complications. Infection is rare even with transoral placement. @entity1346 malar implants should be placed in a subperiosteal pocket and can be inserted safely through various routes. Malpositioning of implants is infrequent, and fixation sutures are not required. The most common problem is improper size selection. @entity1 satisfaction is high, in that no @entity1 underwent permanent removal of a malar @entity1346 implant once inserted.

title: Malar augmentation with XXXX implants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity4802 :: ('MESH:D006053', 'Disease') :: ['hemifacial microsomia']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['Silicone', 'silicone']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['silicone']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (RECIST) has been shown to be a poor surrogate for survival benefit with targeted therapy in advanced @entity157 ( @entity157 ). METHODS: We investigated whether response evaluated using modified RECIST (mRECIST) predicted @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) using data from two Phase II clinical trials. Analyses were conducted on pooled data from 188 @entity1 with advanced @entity157 treated with @entity9815 or @entity2857 , of whom 180 were evaluable for response. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used to explore differences in @entity1349 between the responders and non-responders according to RECIST 1.0 and mRECIST criteria. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, including factors known to influence survival, were used to compare survival according to RECIST and mRECIST response. RESULTS: Discordance between RECIST and mRECIST evaluation was most common for assessment of partial response (12.2%) and stable disease (13.3%). @entity1349 was significantly longer in @entity1 with response compared to @entity1 without response - RECIST: hazard ratio (HR) 0.325 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.130-0.815); p=0.0122; mRECIST: HR 0.544 (95% CI 0.335-0.881); p=0.0122. HRs from the multivariate models used to evaluate response by RECIST or by mRECIST as predictors of @entity1349 approached significance for RECIST (0.40 [95% CI 0.16-1.01]; p=0.053) and for mRECIST (0.62 [95% CI 0.38-1.01]; p=0.053). CONCLUSIONS: Response according to RECIST or mRECIST is associated with improved survival and should be considered as a valid endpoint for use in @entity157 clinical trials. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: mRECIST to Predict Survival in Advanced @entity157 : Analysis of Two Randomised Phase II Trials Comparing @entity9815 versus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9815 :: ('MESH:C530716', 'Chemical') :: ['nintedanib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Solid Tumors']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2857 :: (MESH:C471405,Chemical) :: ['Sorafenib']


abstract: @entity14316 ( @entity14316 ) is a progressive @entity1066 of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by @entity7663 . @entity14316 is considered the third most common @entity66 after @entity378 and @entity1201 . Three clinical stages of the cutaneous lesions have been described in @entity14316 : pre-ulcerative, ulcerative and healed lesions. In this study we used immunohistochemistry and automated morphometry to determine the percentage of macrophages and of CD4/CD8 lymphocytes and their expression of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-10, @entity5 @entity39 factor (TNF)-alpha and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. Expression of these cytokines was correlated with the inflammatory response evaluated by histopathology. All the studied @entity14316 ulcerative cases showed extensive @entity39 and @entity32 . The most important feature was the presence or absence of @entity738 co-existing with a mixed pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokine balance. When @entity738 were present significantly higher expression of IFN-gamma was seen, whereas in @entity1066 without @entity738 there was increased expression of IL-10 and significantly higher bacillary counts. These features correlated with the chronicity of the lesions; longer-lasting lesions showed @entity738 . Thus, @entity738 were absent from relatively early @entity1066 , which contained more bacilli and little IFN-gamma, suggesting that at this stage of the disease strong suppression of the protective cellular immune response facilitates proliferation of bacilli.

title: The local immune response in XXXX of @entity14316 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity14316 :: ('MESH:D054312', 'Disease') :: ['BU', 'Buruli disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mycobacterial disease']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative lesions', 'necrotic and ulcerative disease']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity7663 :: ('1809', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium ulcerans']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcerative lesions']


abstract: An absent response to the @entity1670 skin test has been reported to occur in about 80% of @entity161 @entity1 , as compared to 20% of healthy individuals. @entity1670 provokes redness in skin caused by a capillary vasodilatation mediated by @entity2918 . The metabolism of @entity2918 is regulated by the enzyme @entity3900 ( @entity3900 ). Several studies have reported increased @entity3900 activity in @entity161 . In this study we investigated the relationship between @entity1670 response and @entity3900 activity in 38 drug-free @entity161 @entity1 and in 28 healthy controls. Twenty-two of these @entity1 were reevaluated after 8 weeks under treatment with new generation antipsychotic drugs. @entity1670 response was absent in 23% of the @entity161 @entity1 and in 14% in controls (n.s.). @entity3900 activity was higher in schizophrenics than in controls (344+/-115 vs. 290+/-71 pmol/ml/min; p=0.03). @entity1 with absent response to @entity1670 had the highest @entity3900 activity as compared to those with positive response (426+/-155 vs. 319+/-111; p=0.02). After 8 weeks on antipsychotic treatment, @entity3900 activity was reduced (355+/-115 before, 267+/-39 after, p=0.001) and 4 out of 13 @entity1 with absent response to @entity1670 converted to positive. The reduction of @entity3900 activity in these @entity1 was higher than in @entity1 who remained with absent response (36% vs. 23%). Our data support the findings that absent response to @entity1670 is more frequent in @entity161 than in healthy individuals although the magnitude of the difference was smaller than that reported in the literature. The relationship between absent response to @entity1670 in @entity161 and increased @entity3900 activity suggests further that the skin test may be useful to easily identify a subgroup of @entity1 with a disordered phospholipid metabolism.

title: Increased @entity3900 activity in XXXX with absent response to @entity1670 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1670 :: ('MESH:D009525', 'Chemical') :: ['Niacin', 'niacin']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: A prospective, multicenter study of @entity1 with @entity2689 ( @entity2689 ) was conducted to estimate the prevalence of autoantibodies to @entity8265 ( @entity8265 ), @entity5010 ( @entity5010 ), thyroglobulin (TG) and thyroid peroxidase ( @entity5787 ) in relation to adult height after long-term @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) treatment. Out of 347 near-adult (> 16 years) @entity1 with @entity2689 from 96 German centers, whose longitudinal growth was documented within the Pharmacia International Growth Study (KIGS), 188 returned for a standardized follow-up visit at a median chronological age of 18.7 (16.0-23.6) years (bone age > 15 years). Serum samples of 120 @entity1 were obtained for central measurements of TSH, @entity1955 (T4) and free T4 and autoantibodies by standard immunoassays. Information regarding thyroid disease, karyotype and anthropometric data was extracted from the KIGS database. Thirty-six percent of the @entity1 with @entity2689 had positive TG and/or @entity5787 autoantibodies and 4% had positive @entity8265 autoantibodies, whereas 2% had positive TG and/or @entity5787 autoantibodies as well as positive @entity8265 autoantibodies. @entity5010 autoantibodies were undetectable in all @entity1 . The detection of autoantibodies was unrelated to a specific karyotype. Median height standard deviation scores ( @entity214 , @entity2689 ) at start of @entity2124 treatment (0.43; -1.07, 1.85) and at follow-up (1.36; -0.11, 2.57) were comparable in all @entity1 independent of their antibody status. The total deltaheight @entity214 , however, was higher in @entity1 with negative autoantibody titers (1.08; -0.03, 2.25) compared to those with positive antibody titers (0.68; -0.44, 1.82; p < 0.01). Our study confirms the high prevalence of autoantibodies in @entity1 with @entity2689 predisposing them to @entity1669 and @entity1593 , and indicates for the first time that autoimmune pathologies may interfere with @entity2124 therapy and thus compromise final height. Therefore, medical care for @entity1 with @entity2689 should routinely include screening for these @entity792 in order to assure early detection and appropriate treatment.

title: Prevalence of autoantibodies associated with thyroid and @entity1593 in XXXX in relation to adult height after @entity2124 treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['UTS', 'Ullrich-Turner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8265 :: ('7052', 'Gene') :: ['tissue transglutaminase', 'tTg']

entities_list: @entity5010 :: ('7253', 'Gene') :: ['thyroid stimulating hormone receptor', 'TSH-R']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorders']

answer: @entity2689 :: (MESH:D014424,Disease) :: ['Ullrich-Turner syndrome']


abstract: We examined the effects and mechanisms of action of various endocrine manipulations on the epithelium and muscle preparations of the @entity840 seminal vesicle. Castration, which reduced the plasma @entity251 level to 10 percent of normal, caused approximately 80 per cent reductions in epithelium wet weight and RNA and DNA contents. @entity4520 effected similar reductions in plasma @entity342 and epithelial cell function in intact males. Reduction in plasma @entity342 level accounted for the @entity172 -induced epithelial regression; no antiandrogenic effect of @entity172 on the epithelium was detectable. All anti- @entity3800 tested, @entity12194 , @entity1482 , and @entity3429 , reduced epithelium weight in intact animals. Studies of the mechanism of @entity3429 action indicated its effects were attributable solely to an anti-androgenic action on the epithelium. The anti- @entity172 , @entity440 and @entity38036 , had no effect on the epithelium of intact animals when tested alone or in combination with @entity3429 . Regression of seminal vesicle muscle occurred only after castration or treatment of intact animals with @entity3429 . The action of @entity3429 on the muscle was attributable to blockade of the androgenic stimulus. The drug had no effect on plasma @entity251 or @entity53 levels and had no anti-estrogenic activity. In intact males @entity53 reduced plasma @entity251 to castrate levels, but did not alter muscle weight and nucleic acid levels. The potential deleterious effects of reduced plasma @entity251 on the muscle were surmounted by direct estrogenic stimulation of the tissue. The anti- @entity3800 , @entity12194 and @entity1482 , and the anti- @entity172 , @entity440 and @entity38036 , had no effect on the muscle of intact males. Inasmuch as the regressive effects of castration on the epithelium and muscle can be duplicated in intact animals only by treatment with @entity3429 , this particular drug may provide the most effective nonsurgical treatment of @entity1069 .

title: Comparative effects and mechanisms of castration, XXXX anti- @entity342 , and anti- @entity172 -induced regression of accessory sex organ epithelium and muscle.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity3429 :: ('MESH:D017373', 'Chemical') :: ['cyproterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity12194 :: ('MESH:D005485', 'Chemical') :: ['flutamide']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity4520 :: ('MESH:C074283', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol benzoate']

entities_list: @entity38036 :: ('MESH:D009256', 'Chemical') :: ['nafoxidine']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: @entity6795 containing @entity6349 neuronal and glial elements, including @entity6788 and focal @entity6795 , are common causes of intractable @entity302 . In this study we performed multiplex targeted sequencing of 10 genes in the @entity10160 / @entity584 pathway on brain tissue from 33 @entity1 who underwent surgical resection of @entity6349 cortex for the treatment of intractable @entity302 . Sequencing results were correlated with clinical, imaging, pathological and immunohistological phenotypes. We identified mosaic activating mutations in @entity10160 and @entity38248 in this cohort, including @entity5 -associated hotspot @entity10160 mutations in @entity4651 , @entity6788 , and focal @entity10067 . In addition, a germline @entity983 mutation was identified in a male with @entity6788 but no peripheral manifestations of the @entity983 @entity5 . A spectrum of clinical, imaging and pathological abnormalities was found in this cohort. While @entity1 with more severe brain imaging abnormalities and systemic manifestations were more likely to have detected mutations, routine histopathological studies did not predict mutation status. In addition, elevated levels of phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein were identified in both neurons and astrocytes of all @entity6788 and focal @entity6795 type II specimens, regardless of the presence or absence of detected @entity10160 / @entity584 pathway mutations. In contrast, expression patterns of the T308 and S473 phosphorylated forms of @entity584 and in vitro @entity584 kinase activities discriminated between mutation-positive @entity1141 cortex, mutation-negative @entity1141 cortex, and @entity302 cortex. Our findings identify @entity10160 / @entity584 pathway mutations as an important cause of @entity75 and establish @entity4651 , @entity6788 , and focal @entity6795 as part of a single pathogenic spectrum.

title: @entity10160 / @entity584 pathway mutations cause a spectrum of @entity75 from @entity4651 to focal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'hamartoma tumour syndrome']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['epileptogenic brain malformations']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysplasia', 'Malformations of cortical development']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['non-dysplasia epilepsy', 'paediatric epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity10067 :: ('MESH:C537067', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysplasia type IIa']

entities_list: @entity4651 :: ('MESH:D058627', 'Disease') :: ['megalencephaly', 'dysplastic megalencephaly']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity6788 :: ('MESH:D065705', 'Disease') :: ['hemimegalencephaly']

answer: @entity6795 :: (MESH:D054220,Disease) :: ['cortical dysplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to examine caregiver burden of spousal caregivers of @entity1 with @entity418 after curative treatment with neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by resection and to assess factors associated with caregiver burden. METHODS: In this exploratory, cross-sectional study, spousal caregivers and @entity1 were eligible if the caregiver was the @entity1 's spouse and the @entity1 had been treated with chemoradiation followed by surgery after @entity418 diagnosis. Forty-seven couples were included. Spousal caregivers completed a questionnaire, examining caregivers' burden (Self-Perceived Pressure from Informal Care (SPPIC, Dutch)), caregiver unmet needs (SCNS-P_S), @entity148 and @entity308 (Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (HADS)), and marital satisfaction (Maudsley Marital Questionnaire (MMQ)). @entity1 completed the latter two questionnaires and a @entity5 specific quality of life questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ C30 and OES18 (oesophageal module). Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify correlates for caregiver burden. RESULTS: The median time after esophagectomy was 38  months. Thirty-four percent of the spousal caregivers reported moderate or high burden. Spousal caregivers most frequently reported unmet needs were managing concerns about the @entity5 coming back (43  %), dealing with others not acknowledging the impact on your life of caring for a @entity1 with @entity5 (38  %), and balancing the needs of the @entity1 with @entity5 and one's own needs. A comparable proportion of spousal caregivers and @entity1 showed symptoms of @entity148 (23 vs 17  %) and @entity308 (17 vs 17  %). Spousal caregivers reported significantly more dissatisfaction than @entity1 on the marital scale (p   <   0.01). Factors independently associated with higher caregiver burden were fatigue of the @entity1 (OR   =   1.66, 95  % CI 1.12-2.47) and @entity308 of the spousal caregiver (OR   =   1.44, 95  % CI 1.11-1.86). CONCLUSIONS: More than a third of the spousal caregivers of @entity1 with @entity418 treated with curative intent report moderate or high burden 3  years after treatment. Fatigue of the @entity1 and @entity308 of the spousal caregiver are associated with caregiver burden. To improve clinical care, identification of spousal caregivers at risk for experiencing higher caregiver burden and implementation of specific interventions is needed.

title: Burden of spousal caregivers of stage II and III XXXX survivors 3  years after treatment with curative intent.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'esophageal carcinoma']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: @entity31 and @entity30 are the major phenotypes of the idiopathic @entity29 ( @entity29 ), which afflicts millions of individuals throughout the world with debilitating symptoms, impairing function and quality of life. Current medications are aimed at reducing the symptoms or suppressing exacerbations. However, @entity1 require life-long medications, and this can lead to @entity734 , loss of response together with adverse side effects. Indeed, drug side effects become additional morbidity factor in many @entity1 on long-term medications. Nonetheless, the efficacy of anti- @entity5 @entity39 factors (TNF)-a biologics has validated the role of inflammatory cytokines notably @entity310 in the exacerbation of @entity29 . However, inflammatory cytokines are released by @entity1 ' own cellular elements including myeloid lineage leucocytes, which in @entity1 with @entity29 are elevated with activation behaviour and prolonged survival. Accordingly, these leucocytes appear logical targets of therapy and can be depleted by adsorptive granulocyte/monocyte apheresis (GMA) with an Adacolumn. Based on this background, recently GMA has been applied to treat @entity1 with @entity29 in Japan and in the European Union countries. Efficacy rates have been impressive as well as disappointing. In fact the clinical response to GMA seems to define the @entity1 ' disease course, response to medications, duration of @entity66 , and severity at entry. The best responders have been first episode cases (up to 100%) followed by @entity479 na  ve and @entity1 with a short duration of @entity66 prior to GMA. @entity1 with deep ulcers together with extensive @entity33 and cases with a long duration of @entity29 refractory to existing medications are not likely to benefit from GMA. It is clinically interesting that @entity1 who respond to GMA have a good long-term disease course by avoiding drugs including corticosteroids in the early stage of their @entity29 . Additionally, GMA is very much favoured by @entity1 for its good safety profile. GMA in 21st century reminds us of phlebotomy as a major medical practice at the time of Hippocrates. However, in @entity1 with @entity29 , there is a scope for removing from the body the sources of pro-inflammatory cytokines and achieve disease remission. The bottom line is that by introducing GMA at an early stage following the onset of @entity29 or before @entity1 develop extensive @entity16 and become refractory to medications, many @entity1 should respond to GMA and avoid pharmacologics. This should fulfill the desire to treat without drugs.

title: Treating XXXX by adsorptive leucocytapheresis: a desire to treat without drugs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['active disease']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal damage']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['Ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['loss of the mucosal tissue']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug dependency']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A case series of adults with surgical treatment for adult @entity2112 , @entity1643 , and @entity612 was studied. OBJECTIVE: To assess @entity158 relief, curve correction, and complications after combined procedures consisting of decompression, spine fusion, and stabilization. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Only one publication has focused specifically at this group, and this was before the advent of modern segmental instrumentation. This is the first report of long-term follow-up evaluation in such a @entity1 population. METHODS: This study included 16 @entity1 who underwent elective anterior and posterior surgical reconstruction for adult @entity2112 , @entity612 , and @entity1643 with a minimum follow-up period of 2 years. Radiographic findings, clinical results, and long-term outcome data were obtained using the Modified Scoliosis Research Society outcome instrument and the @entity717 Back Pain Questionnaire. RESULTS: Restoration of coronal and sagittal balance, or improvement thereof, was achieved in all the @entity1 with balance problems. There was significant improvement in all outcome domains. Overall, 94% of the @entity1 were satisfied with the surgery. Ten major complications occurred in 10 @entity1 , 8 of whom required additional surgery. There were two minor complications. CONCLUSIONS: Combined symptoms of @entity615 and @entity612 require complex reconstructive surgery in adults with @entity2112 . Significant @entity158 relief, functional restoration, and satisfaction can be achieved and maintained over the long term in the properly selected @entity1 .

title: Results of surgical treatment of adult @entity2112 with XXXX and @entity612 : a study of long-term clinical radiographic outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic thoracolumbar and/or lumbar scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity1875 may decrease @entity410 duration in electroconvulsive therapy. Although not proven, prolonged @entity410 may be more efficacious. The goal of this study was to evaluate and compare effects of @entity680 and @entity1937 on @entity410 duration, recovery parameters and degree of stimulus amplitude in @entity1 undergoing electroconvulsive therapy. METHODS: Twenty-four ASA I-II @entity1 enrolled in this prospective, randomized trial, each receiving a total of seven electroconvulsive therapies. @entity1 were randomized to receive only @entity1875 , group P (0.75 mg kg-1, n=8), @entity1875 with @entity680 , group A (10 microg kg-1 @entity680 +0.5 mg kg-1 @entity1875 , n=8) and @entity1875 with @entity1937 , group R (1 microg kg-1 @entity1937 +0.5 mg kg-1 @entity1875 , n=8) via an iv route. Supplemental doses of @entity1875 were given as required to achieve @entity909 . @entity2900 0.5 mg kg-1 iv was given to all groups for muscular @entity912 . We recorded hemodynamic parameters, cortical and motor @entity410 durations, and recovery parameters. RESULTS: Mean motor @entity410 duration was found to be significantly longer in @entity1 receiving @entity1875 - @entity1937 anesthesia (53.3+/-13.6 s) and @entity1875 - @entity680 anesthesia (52.2+/-0.4 s) compared with @entity1875 anesthesia (37.6+/-9.2 s) (P=0.001). Recovery parameters and stimulus amplitudes were similar in groups A and R; significantly different from group P (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Adding 10 microg kg-1 @entity680 or 1 microg kg-1 @entity1937 to reduced doses of @entity1875 provided unconsciousness and increased @entity410 durations. For @entity1 who need higher stimulus amplitudes for longer @entity410 durations, combining low-dose @entity1875 with @entity680 or @entity1937 may be good alternative regimens for ECT.

title: Effects of @entity1937 and @entity680 on XXXX duration, stimulus amplitudes and recovery parameters during ECT.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['Succinylcholine']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: @entity12353 have been implicated in protective effects in the heart and brain, but the mechanism of possible @entity1188 -size-reducing effects remains controversial. Using a model of delayed preconditioning (PC), @entity35 received the @entity842 (NO) donor @entity1242 (0.15 mg/h/kg) for 24 hours via transdermal application. Two days later, @entity35 isolated perfused hearts were subjected to global, no-flow @entity63 (20 min), and reperfusion (120 min). Cannabinoid receptor antagonists were given before no-flow throughout the protocol. @entity12353 were detected by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. NO-induced PC reduced the left ventricular @entity1188 size from 40.9 +/- 3.9% to 27.5 +/- 3.8% (P < 0.05). Treatment with the specific @entity13677 cannabinoid receptor antagonist @entity14513 (0.3 microM) prevented the protective effect of PC on @entity1188 size (40.2 +/- 4.7%, P > 0.05 vs. controls). On the contrary, the specific @entity10027 antagonist @entity36054 (0.3 microM) did not alter @entity1188 size (31.6 +/- 6.3%, P > 0.05 vs. PC alone). Recovery of left ventricular developed pressure and coronary flow was incomplete in control and NO-pretreated hearts and not consistently altered by cannabinoid receptor antagonists. PC increased the heart tissue content of the endocannabinoid @entity9394 (2-AG) from 4.6 +/- 1.0 nmol/g in controls to 12.0 +/- 2.1 nmol/g (P < 0.05). Tissue levels of the endocannabinoid @entity9393 ( @entity9393 ) remained unchanged (19.8 +/- 3.9 pmol/g vs. 19.5 +/- 4.8 pmol/g). 2-AG (1 microM) or its metabolically stable derivative @entity60606 (0.1 microM), given 30 minutes before @entity63 /reperfusion in unpreconditioned hearts, mimicked the cardioprotective effects of PC and reduced @entity1188 size. We conclude that delayed PC through transdermal @entity1242 application increases the production of the endocannabinoid @entity14512 which elicits protective effects against @entity583 via @entity13677 cannabinoid receptors which represents one new mechanism of NO-mediated PC.

title: @entity9394 acting on @entity13677 cannabinoid receptors mediates delayed cardioprotection induced by @entity842 in XXXX isolated hearts.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity9394 :: ('MESH:C094503', 'Chemical') :: ['2-arachidonylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity60606 :: ('MESH:C424442', 'Chemical') :: ['noladinether']

entities_list: @entity9393 :: ('MESH:C078814', 'Chemical') :: ['anandamide', 'arachidonylethanolamide']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity12353 :: ('MESH:D063388', 'Chemical') :: ['Endocannabinoids']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the median survival of colorectal liver metastatic (CRLM) @entity1 treated at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital over the past 10 years and to determine the outcome of the various treatment modalities (surgery, chemotherapy and supportive treatment). MATERIAL AND METHOD: Between January, 1992 and December, 2001, 86 consecutive @entity1 were recorded. Of whom 26 (30.23%) received liver resection, 39 (45.34%) received chemotherapy and 21 (24.41%) received supportive treatment. All the @entity1 were followed up to December 31, 2001 or @entity204 . Survival was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and studied for statistical differences between various treatment groups with Cox regression model. The 95% confidence intervals for median assessment were determined. RESULTS: Overall survival of CRLM @entity1 was 18 months. Significant differences in survival were seen among the three groups of @entity1 . Median survival was 33 months in the liver resection group, 17 months in the chemotherapy group and 5 months in the supportive treatment group. Three-year survival in the liver resection group was 23% while it was 7.6% in the chemotherapy group. Type of treatment, primary @entity5 staging and extrahepatic @entity3 were the three independent determinant factors of survival. CONCLUSION: Survival of @entity1 with @entity14 depends on the type of treatment. Liver resection is the best treatment which offers long term survival to the @entity1 in selected cases.

title: Outcome of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal liver metastases']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal liver metastases']


abstract: @entity327 type b acquires @entity69 -bound @entity68 via a siderophore-independent mechanism involving direct contact between the @entity1 @entity68 -binding glycoprotein and the bacterial cell surface. Evidence has accumulated to show that the @entity69 receptor consists of at least two @entity68 -regulated outer membrane @entity69 -binding proteins (TBPs), of which one has a molecular mass of around 100 kDa (TBP1) and the other has a molecular mass of 60 to 90 kDa (TBP2). In @entity327 type b strain Eagan, proteins of 76, 90, and 107 kDa appear to be involved in @entity69 binding. To determine whether these TBPs are expressed during growth in vivo, strain Eagan was recovered without subculture from the intraperitoneal cavities of infected @entity1 @entity35 . By using a dot blot assay, outer membranes prepared from these in vivo-grown bacteria, unlike those grown in @entity68 -sufficient broth, bound @entity1 @entity69 and produced the 76-, 90-, and 107-kDa TBPs. Immunoblotting experiments using convalescent sera from infected @entity35 also revealed the presence of antibodies to the 76- and 90-kDa strain Eagan TBPs. In addition, convalescent sera from three of four @entity1 recovering from @entity327 type b @entity693 contained antibodies to the 90- and 105-kDa TBPs of the corresponding infecting strain. Furthermore, fresh clinical isolates of @entity327 type b recovered from blood and cerebrospinal fluid showed constitutive expression of the TBPs, which became @entity68 regulated only after prolonged in vitro subculture on @entity68 -sufficient medium. This contrasted with the laboratory-adapted Eagan strain, in which the TBPs remained @entity68 regulated even after animal passage. These findings indicate that the @entity327 type b @entity69 receptor is expressed during experimental animal and @entity1 @entity281 .

title: Evidence for in vivo expression of @entity69 -binding proteins in XXXX type b.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['H. influenzae', 'Haemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity327 :: (727,Species) :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']


abstract: BACKGROUND:: Acute @entity1276 is a well-known sequela of @entity510 ( @entity510 ). Controversy exists about whether open microsurgical methods serve to reduce shunt dependency compared with endovascular techniques. OBJECTIVE:: To determine predictors of shunt-dependent @entity1276 and functional outcomes after @entity439 @entity510 . METHODS:: A total of 471 @entity1 who were part of a prospective, randomized, controlled trial from 2003 to 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. All variables including demographic data, medical history, treatment, imaging, and functional outcomes were included as part of the trial. No additional variables were retrospectively collected. RESULTS:: Ultimately, 147 @entity1 (31.2%) required a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) in our series. Age, dissecting @entity439 type, @entity1756 , Fisher grade, Hunt and Hess grade, admission @entity548 , admission @entity548 , blood in the fourth ventricle on admission, perioperative ventriculostomy, and hemicraniectomy were significant risk factors (P < .05) associated with shunt-dependent @entity1276 on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, @entity548 and @entity548 were independent risk factors for shunt dependency (P < .05). Clipping vs coiling treatment was not statistically associated with VPS after @entity510 on both univariate and multivariate analyses. @entity1 who did not receive a VPS at discharge had higher Glasgow Outcome Scale and Barthel Index scores and were more likely to be functionally independent and to return to work 72 months after surgery (P < .05). CONCLUSION:: There is no difference in shunt dependency after @entity510 among @entity1 treated by endovascular or microsurgical means. @entity1 in whom shunt-dependent @entity1276 does not develop after @entity510 tend to have improved long-term functional outcomes. ABBREVIATIONS:: aSAH, @entity510 , Barrow @entity1756 TrialGOS, Glasgow Outcome ScaleSAH, @entity510 , ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

title: Long-term Functional Outcomes and Predictors of Shunt-Dependent @entity1276 After Treatment of XXXX in the BRAT Trial: Revisiting the Clip vs Coil Debate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'subarachnoid hemorrhageVPS', 'aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhageBRAT', 'SAH']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage', 'intraparenchymal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['Ruptured Aneurysm', 'ruptured vertebrobasilar aneurysm']

answer: @entity1756 :: (MESH:D017542,Disease) :: ['Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms']


abstract: The @entity1434 - @entity2227 exchanger, system x(c)(-), mediates the Na(+)-independent exchange of @entity1434 into cells, coupled to the efflux of intracellular @entity2227 . System x(c)(-) plays a critical role in @entity2041 homeostasis. Early studies of brain suggested that system x(c)(-) was present primarily in astrocytes but not neurons. More recent work indicates that certain brain neurons have an active system x(c)(-). In the retina, system x(c)(-) has been demonstrated in M  ller and retinal pigment epithelial cells. We have recently suggested that two protein components of system x(c)(-), @entity20568 and @entity34739 , are present in ganglion cells of the intact retina. Here, we have used (1) molecular and immunohistochemical assays to determine whether system x(c)(-) is present in primary ganglion cells isolated from neonatal @entity19 retinas and (2) functional assays to determine whether its activity is regulated by oxidative stress in a @entity2479 cell line (RGC-5). Primary @entity19 ganglion cells and RGC-5 cells express @entity20568 and @entity34739 . RGC-5 cells take up [(3)H]glutamate in the absence of Na(+), and this uptake is blocked by known substrates of system x(c)(-) ( @entity2227 , @entity462 , @entity1434 , @entity14425 ). Treatment of RGC-5 cells with NO and reactive @entity26 species donors leads to increased activity of system x(c)(-) associated with an increase in the maximal velocity of the transporter with no significant change in the substrate affinity. This is the first report of system x(c)(-) in primary @entity2479 cells and RGC-5 cells. Oxidative stress upregulates this transport system in RGC-5 cells, and the process is associated with an increase in @entity20568 mRNA and protein but no change in @entity34739 mRNA or protein.

title: Expression of the @entity1434 - XXXX exchanger (xc-) in @entity2479 cells and regulation by nitric oxide and oxidative stress.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity14425 :: ('MESH:D016318', 'Chemical') :: ['quisqualic acid']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ganglion']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: @entity4372 has been shown to modulate cell shape and the response of components of the innate immune response. However, the effect of @entity4372 saline on the macrophage remains unknown. We hypothesized that @entity4372 preconditioning would impair subsequent inflammatory mediator signaling through a reduction in stress fiber polymerization and mitogen-activated protein kinase activity after @entity558 stimulation. @entity95 alveolar macrophages were stimulated with 100 ng/ml of @entity558 . Selected cells were preconditioned with 40-100 mM of @entity4202 , @entity2656 , or @entity1133 for 4 h and returned to isotonic medium before @entity558 stimulation. Cellular protein was harvested and subjected to Western blot analysis for the dually phosphorylated active forms of p38 and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) 1/2. @entity25229 production was determined by an L929 bioassay, and stress fiber polymerization was evaluated by confocal microscopy. Preconditioning of macrophages with @entity4202 or @entity2656 resulted in dose-dependent reduction in ERK 1/2 phosphorylation with no effect on p38 phosphorylation. @entity1133 preconditioning had no effect on either mitogen-activated protein kinase. A dose-dependent attenuation of @entity25229 production was seen with @entity4202 and @entity2656 preconditioning (p < 0.05), but not with @entity1133 . @entity4202 and @entity2656 preconditioning resulted in failure of @entity558 -induced stress fiber polymerization, whereas @entity1133 did not. Extracellular @entity4372 conditions (i.e., @entity4202 and @entity2656 ) have an immunomodulatory effect on macrophages, demonstrated through failure of optimal stress fiber polymerization, ERK 1/2 activity, and @entity25229 production. Intracellular @entity4372 conditions (i.e., @entity1133 ) had no significant effect. @entity4372 or @entity2656 resuscitation, therefore, may help protect against @entity881 as a result of this reduced proinflammatory responsiveness.

title: XXXX preconditioning inhibits macrophage responsiveness to endotoxin.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertonic saline', 'hypertonic']

answer: @entity4372 :: (MESH:D009122,Disease) :: ['Hypertonic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinicopathological and CT features of @entity14775 ( @entity14775 ) of the pancreas and analyze the correlative risk factors for malignant @entity788 . METHODS: Ninety-eight @entity1 who underwent curative resection for mucinous @entity788 at PLA General Hospital from April 1994 to January 2013 were included in this study. All clinicopathological data available were retrospectively analyzed. All @entity1 were divided into @entity5 + @entity75 group (70 @entity1 ) and @entity5 group (28 @entity1 ). Clinicopathological and CT features of the mucinous @entity788 and risk factors of malignant @entity788 were analyzed. RESULTS: @entity14775 were seen mostly in perimenopausal @entity1 (71.4%, 70/98 cases,), and 51.0% (50/98 cases) of the @entity1 had obvious clinical signs, mostly non-specific @entity490 , but @entity1087 was present only in cases of @entity5 . Benign @entity14775 were mostly located in the distal pancreas (74.3%) and characterized with septa and thin cystic wall, while more @entity5 were located at the proximal pancreas (57.1%) and characterized with thick cystic wall and solid components. Univariate analysis showed that findings associated with @entity5 gender, age >=  60, presence of symptoms, @entity1087 , @entity353 , @entity5 location, margin, wall thickness, solid components and dilation of the main pancreatic duct were significantly correlated with @entity5 development (P < 0.05 for all). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that thick wall and solid components were independent prognostic factors for @entity5 (OR = 31.417 and 34.976, P < 0.05 for both). CONCLUSIONS: Gender, age >=  60, presence of symptoms, @entity1087 , @entity353 , @entity5 location, margin, wall thickness, solid components and dilation of the main pancreatic duct are important diagnostic indices of malignant mucinous @entity5 of the pancreas, while thick wall and solid components are independent risk factors of malignant @entity788 .

title: [Clinicopathological and CT features of mucinous XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms', 'cystic neoplasms of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cystic tumors', 'malignant mucinous cystic neoplasms', 'benign tumors', 'malignant tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesion']

entities_list: @entity14775 :: ('MESH:D018297', 'Disease') :: ['MCNs', 'Mucinous cystic neoplasms', 'mucinous cystic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['cystic neoplasms of the pancreas']