abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the clinical relevance of @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) in @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ), we examined the relationship between @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) expression at diagnosis and clinical as well as laboratory parameters, including response to chemotherapy and overall survival in 74 previously untreated @entity1 with @entity1582 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Expression of @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) was assessed by immunohistochemistry on @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded bone marrow biopsies. @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) expression was classified as low (</=5% @entity993 ( @entity13525 )-positive @entity1582 cells) or high (>5% @entity993 ( @entity13525 )-positive @entity1582 cells). RESULTS: Low @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) expression was observed in 23 (31%) @entity1 . The response rate to standard dose chemotherapy (including @entity1891 , @entity632 , and @entity619 induction before high-dose chemotherapy) was 70%, with no significant difference between @entity1 with low or high @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) expression (83 versus 65%; P = 0.1). Kaplan-Meier analysis of all 74 @entity1 revealed that @entity1 with low @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) expression had a significantly shorter overall survival (median, 3.7 years versus 4.7 years; P = 0.03) than those with high @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) expression. @entity1 with high @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) expression receiving high-dose chemotherapy experienced prolonged overall survival as compared with those with low @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) expression (median not yet reached versus 2.9 years; P = 0.008). By multivariate Cox regression analyses, low @entity993 ( @entity13525 )(P = 0.03), deletion of chromosome 13q14 (P = 0.02), and @entity2262 (P = 0.01) were identified as independent adverse prognostic factors for overall survival. According to the number of independent unfavorable prognostic factors present in each @entity1 , low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk @entity1 with different overall survival times were defined (median overall survival, 6.3 versus 4.2 versus 1.8 years; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Low @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) expression is an independent adverse prognostic factor in @entity1 with @entity1582 . The proposed risk score might be useful for risk-adapted treatment in the future.

title: Low @entity13525 expression is an independent adverse prognostic factor in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta(2)-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: To evaluate the effects of cross-hemodialysis using @entity1707 or @entity3474 liver in @entity1 with @entity1578 , the changes in blood @entity6178 body ratio (KBR) and plasma aminograms of 11 @entity1 who were subjected to cross-hemodialysis were studied. In the 6 cases whose KBR were more than 0.25 before cross-hemodialysis, most of the @entity1522 except for the branched chain @entity1522 (BCAA), @entity492 , and @entity1160 were increased. After cross-hemodialysis, they tended to be decreased and the KBR of these @entity1 recovered to more than 0.4. On the other hand, in the 5 cases whose KBR were less than 0.25 before cross-hemodialysis, most of the @entity1522 were extremely increased except in one case, and they tended to increase still more after cross-hemodialysis except for the @entity9750 (AAA). Serial measurement of the KBR and plasma @entity1522 of both the @entity1 side and the perfused blood of the assistant liver during cross-hemodialysis in 3 cases revealed that the assistant liver removes the @entity1522 derived from the @entity1 . The beneficial effects of cross-hemodialysis, that is, to elevate the KBR and to recover the @entity1 from @entity1578 , are conjectured to be produced by the reduction of the hepatic energy-consuming substances such as @entity1522 . Furthermore, two fresh, two 12 hours preserved and one 24 hours preserved isolated @entity1707 livers were perfused with the @entity1522 imposed blood and the changes in the KBR and the plasma aminograms were studied to clarify the relationship between metabolic activity of the perfused liver and the KBR. In the cases of the fresh livers and 12 hours preserved livers, the @entity1522 , which were to be metabolized by the liver, decreased with time and the KBR was restored and maintained at more than 0.7. But in the case of the 24 hours preserved liver, the @entity1522 were not metabolized and the KBR was restored to nearly 0.7 only for a period of time, after which it decreased. These results suggest that it is necessary to keep the energy charge of the perfused livers high in order to maintain hepatic metabolic activity.

title: [The beneficial effects of cross-hemodialysis on the @entity1 with XXXX as reflected in the changes in blood @entity6178 body ratio and plasma aminogram].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity9750 :: ('CHEBI:33856', 'Chemical') :: ['aromatic amino acids']

answer: @entity1578 :: (MESH:D017093,Disease) :: ['hepatic failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The current methods of detection of recurrent @entity14 after surgical treatment are inaccurate using conventional imaging. This study set out to detect early recurrence by means of PET in @entity1 treated surgically for @entity14 by curative resection. METHODS: Thirty-one disease-free @entity1 were recruited and underwent FDG-PET. The results were verified by clinical, surgical and radiological follow up and/or biopsy to evaluate the accuracy for detecting recurrence. RESULTS: PET detected 6 sites of increased activity in 5 @entity1 . Three of these underwent surgery. One was false positive with no evident @entity5 and two underwent an hepatic resection with removal of a homental @entity3 . The sensitivity was 100% and specificity 83.3%. Clinical management was altered in two cases (6.4%). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that PET is more accurate than conventional imaging for the evaluation of recurrence in @entity14 @entity1 . FDG-PET should be considered in the follow-up of @entity1 after treatment for @entity14 in addition to other imaging methods.

title: FGD-PET in the follow-up of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: The authors report a clinical case of @entity4383 in the zygomatic area. Although this @entity5 -like proliferation occurs very rarely in the maxillofacial region, careful diagnosis based on histologic examination must distinguish it from @entity1313 such as @entity1492 with which the disorder shares certain histologic features. The case is compared with others described in the literature. In June 1996 a 12-year-old @entity1 presented at our unit with swelling of the zygomatic region and positive history for @entity130 to the area. Palpation of the soft tissues detected a nodular formation about 1.5 cm in diameter. Echography and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the presence of a nodular proliferation above the bone surface. The nodule was surgically removed by skin excision, and histologic examination of the specimen confirmed the diagnosis of nodular @entity9156 . The etiology of the lesion was thought to be a reaction to @entity130 , in agreement with data reported in the literature. @entity4383 is a benign, non-recurrent lesion; however, its rapid growth and the histologic features it shares with more @entity146 such as @entity1492 call for careful differential diagnosis. As in our case, a history of previous @entity130 to the involved area can aid in establishing a correct diagnosis.

title: [ XXXX in the zygomatic area. Case report and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive tumors']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['Nodular fasciitis', 'nodular fasciitis']

answer: @entity4383 :: (MESH:D020518,Disease) :: ['Nodular fasciitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The epidemiology, pathogenesis and prognosis of severe @entity63 early @entity99 (SIELI) after cardiac surgery are poorly understood. Accordingly, we studied @entity1 whose @entity493 transaminase (ALT) concentration acutely increased above 500 IU/l in the immediate postoperative period and compared these @entity1 to two control groups matched for preoperative and immediate postoperative characteristics. METHODS: We used a prospective database of 1,800 consecutive cardiac surgical cases to identify the study groups. Group I was made up of 20 @entity1 with ALT levels above 500 IU/L in the acute postoperative stage (SIELI). Preoperative liver tests were normal in all these @entity1 . Group II was obtained by identifying 20 control cases whose age, type of surgery, NYHA classification, and Parsonnet score matched Group I (preoperative controls). Group III was obtained by identifying 20 @entity1 who developed postoperative @entity810 and @entity1457 (ARF/ @entity1457 ; postoperative controls) but no enzyme evidence of @entity99 . RESULTS: @entity810 , a low cardiac index (CI) state, and mortality were more common in SIELI and ARF/Shock @entity1 compared with preoperative controls (all p values less than 0.01). @entity432 (PAOP) and central venous (CVP) pressures were also higher in SIELI and ARF/Shock @entity1 than controls (all p values less than 0.02). A higher dose of @entity1063 and @entity7604 were required to maintain blood pressure and cardiac output in SIELI and ARF/ @entity1457 @entity1 than preoperative controls (all p values less than 0.005). SIELI @entity1 , however, differed from ARF/Shock @entity1 in that they had a higher preoperative NYHA class and a greater incidence of @entity101 and @entity6 . Stepwise linear regression analysis identified a postoperative low CI and the presence of @entity6 as the only predictors of peak ALT value (p less than 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified female gender as being associated with a higher likelihood of SIELI (odds ratio: 6.13; 95% CI 1.08 to 34.82) CONCLUSIONS: SIELI after cardiac surgery carries a high mortality and is strongly associated with a @entity998 and increased filling pressures, suggesting that @entity409 induced by a combination of decreased perfusion and congestion is fundamental to its pathogenesis. A history of @entity712 , @entity6 , @entity101 , and female gender may represent risk factors for its development and severity in the setting of a postoperative @entity998 state.

title: Severe @entity63 early XXXX after cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver ischemia']

entities_list: @entity7604 :: ('MESH:D020105', 'Chemical') :: ['milrinone']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute renal failure', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Peak postoperative pulmonary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury', 'liver injury']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['liver injury']


abstract: Cell death after @entity2806 is mediated by a massive release of excitatory @entity1522 , generation of free radicals, and - a crucial step - @entity460 influx into cells. We examined the hypothesis that concurrent administration of drugs ameliorating @entity75 via different mechanisms would result in a synergistic neuroprotective effect. The neuroprotective efficacy of two clinically available drugs - the @entity1024 and @entity460 -channel antagonist @entity14031 (DM) and the antioxidant tirilazad - were studied in monotherapy and in combination in a @entity35 model of transient focal @entity63 . Male @entity35 were subjected to 90 min of middle-cerebral-artery occlusion by an intraluminal filament technique. The animals were randomly assigned to one of four treatments (n=10 each): (1) vehicle-treated controls, (2) DM, (3) tirilazad, (4) DM+tirilazad. Drugs or vehicles were administered 15 min before @entity63 and at reperfusion. Local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) was bilaterally recorded by continuous laser Doppler flowmetry. Functional deficits were quantified by daily neurological examinations. @entity1188 volume was assessed planimetrically after 7 days. DM prevented @entity63 . Tirilazad did not influence LCBF. Monotherapy with DM or tirilazad improved neurological function and reduced @entity1188 volume by 45% and 48%, respectively. Combination therapy failed to influence neurological recovery and @entity1188 volume. Although, from pharmacological point of view, a synergistic neuroprotective effect is expected, combination of @entity14031 and tirilazad may lead to mutual inhibition or potentiate adverse effects.

title: Monotherapy with @entity14031 or tirilazad--but not a combination of both--improves outcome after transient focal XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['post-ischemic hypoperfusion', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity14031 :: ('MESH:D003915', 'Chemical') :: ['dextromethorphan']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: @entity1211 are the most common form of symptomatic @entity1462 . VM s could classify into low-flow lesions (VMs) and high-flow lesions (AVMs). For low-flow @entity455 , direct percutaneous puncture with injection of sclerosing agents (sclerotherapy) has been described as a successful therapy. In this article, we want to introduce a @entity1 who treated with @entity1068 sclerotherapy for VM located in the right flank. The @entity1 were a 35-year-old @entity1 with right @entity812 , @entity272 and @entity548 foci. Color Doppler ultrasonography showed low flow @entity1462 while Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed that the mass contained fat tissue with branching tubular signal void structures inside. The draining vein was first coiled via tortuous @entity1211 and then VM was embolized.Under ultrasonographic guide, direct puncture of one branches of @entity1211 was performed, and contrast media were injected. The @entity1 underwent the sclerotherapy every month for four consecutive months. The @entity1 was followed up for a year, and clinical examination revealed 40-50% size reduction of the lesion while no bleeding was detected from the lesion during the follow-up period. Sclerotherapy with @entity1068 is a useful method for emboli zing VMs.

title: Peripheral venous Malformations with a Dominant Outflow Vein: Results of XXXX Embolization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['venous lesions']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank mass']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin discoloration']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous malformations', 'venous malformation', 'venous malformation vessels access']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformations', 'vascular malformation']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['Ethanol']


abstract: The effects on @entity934 -induced membrane currents ( @entity1617 currents), produced by agents known to modify the activity of intracellular messengers, were studied in the neurons of the @entity840 ileum submucous plexus (SMP) using a whole-cell patch clamp recording method. The @entity1617 currents were not affected by @entity1928 , the adenylate cyclase activator, regardless of whether or not @entity855 and @entity3007 were present in the intracellular solution, and by @entity1359 , the protein kinase C activator. The @entity1617 currents were strongly suppressed by @entity2426 , the microsomal @entity460 ATPase inhibitor, and @entity670 , the @entity669 protein kinase inhibitor. They were also suppressed by @entity1922 , the @entity1919 phosphodiesterase inhibitor, regardless of the presence of @entity1928 in the extracellular solution and @entity855 and @entity3007 in the intracellular solution. In addition, the currents were suppressed by activation of P2 purinoceptors with @entity855 , which could not be explained by a direct effect of @entity855 on nicotinic @entity934 receptors (nAChRs). Reactive blue 2, the P2y purinoceptor antagonist, did not abolish inhibition of the @entity1617 current by @entity855 . Alpha,beta-Imido- @entity855 and @entity859 caused no membrane current responses and did not influence the @entity1617 currents. These results suggest that the activity of the nAChRs in the SMP neurons is strongly suppressed by raised intracellular @entity141 level, without involvement of protein kinases A and C, and may involve the participation of @entity669 kinase. The activity of nAChRs is also influenced by the activity of P2 purinoceptors; the mechanisms responsible for this influence are not yet clear. So, the activity of the SMP neuronal nAChRs is relatively independent on the intracellular signaling known to influence many other groups of transmitter-gated receptors of neuronal membrane.

title: Modulation of nicotinic XXXX receptor activity in submucous neurons by intracellular messengers.

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity1922 :: ('MESH:D015056', 'Chemical') :: ['3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic-AMP']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: @entity3840 , the inducible enzyme of @entity1426 metabolism and @entity3009 synthesis, is over expressed in @entity14 . Inhibition of @entity9859 /-2 by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is associated with a decreased risk for these @entity5 , whereas high serum @entity8243 levels elevate this risk. As @entity8243 exhibits trophical effects on colonic epithelium we sought to explore whether it is capable to induce @entity2247 expression in a @entity1 @entity694 cell line. The aim of this study is the description of the @entity8243 evoked effects on the transcriptional activity of the @entity2247 gene in @entity14 cells and the identification of regulatory promoter elements. Reporter gene assays were performed with the @entity8243 -stimulated @entity1 @entity14 cell-line Colo-320, which was stable transfected with the @entity1 cholecystokinin-B/ @entity30247 cDNA and @entity2247 -promoter-luciferase constructs containing different segments of the 5'-region of the @entity2247 gene or with mutated promoter constructs. Transcription factors were characterized with electrophoretic mobility shift assays. @entity8243 -dependent induction of @entity2247 mRNA was shown using "real-time" PCR. Resulting elevated @entity1421 -levels were measured using ELISA. @entity8243 stimulated the @entity1421 -generation and @entity2247 -mRNA expression in @entity1 @entity1 -B cells potently, obviously by transactivating the @entity2247 -promoter using a region between - 68 bp and + 70 bp. Further examinations identified a CRE-E-box element between - 56 bp and - 48 bp mediating the @entity8243 -effects on the @entity2247 gene. Transcription factors binding to this promoter element were @entity45680 . These results show the necessity to perform succeeding studies, which could describe possible mechanisms in which @entity8243 and @entity2247 contribute to the induction of @entity14 .

title: An upstream CRE-E-box element is essential for @entity8243 -dependent activation of the XXXX gene in @entity1 @entity694 cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'Prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity30247 :: ('887', 'Gene') :: ['gastrin receptor']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity3840 :: (5743,Gene) :: ['cyclooxygenase-2']


abstract: The present paper covers the health benefits of low glycaemic index foods, such as pulses. Nutritional factors potentially play a crucial role in health and disease. A low-fat, high- @entity1735 diet is often recommended as a part of a healthy life-style. Historical works have shown that @entity1735 foods differ in their ability to affect post-ingestive glycaemia. The glycaemic index concept allows a ranking of @entity1735 -rich foods in terms of their blood @entity413 raising potential. Pulses are foods with very low glycaemic index values. Numerous studies have documented the health benefits that can be obtained by selecting foods of low glycaemic index. These benefits are of crucial importance in the dietary treatment of @entity6 : glycaemic control is improved as well as several metabolic parameters, such as blood lipids. The results of @entity1 studies have been confirmed by animal experiments in the field of @entity6 . Diets with low glycaemic index value improve the prevention of @entity301 in @entity6 and healthy subjects. In @entity28 or overweight individuals, low-glycaemic index meals increase satiety and facilitate the control of food intake. Selecting low glycaemic index foods has also demonstrated benefits for healthy @entity1 in terms of post-prandial @entity413 and lipid metabolism. Several public health organizations have recently integrated consideration of the glycaemic index in their nutritional recommendations for @entity1 with @entity209 and for the general population.

title: Health benefits of low glycaemic index foods, such as pulses, in @entity6 XXXX and healthy individuals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to identify and validate enhancing features for differentiating @entity1350 of the @entity2695 / @entity4607 type from malignant @entity75 on contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 136 @entity75 (58 @entity1350 , 78 malignant) in 136 @entity1 underwent baseline US and pulse-inversion CEUS after @entity9809 -filled microbubble injection. Two on-site readers assessed lesion enhancement features during arterial and parenchymal phase in consensus. Best predicting CEUS features for lesion diagnosis were identified through univariate and multivariate analyses. Two blinded off-site readers independently issued a confidence rating for lesion diagnosis in baseline US and CEUS using extracted diagnostic CEUS features. Diagnostic performance, receiver operating curves (Az-value), and interreader agreement were calculated. The reference standards were histopathology or CT and/or MR imaging with clinical follow-up. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis outlined arterial hyperenhancement or isoenhancement to be an independent CEUS predictor of @entity1350 (odds ratio, 3.558; p<0.0017). Within the subgroup of isoechoic or @entity75 , arterial hyperenhancement was virtually diagnostic for @entity1350 (odds ratio, 21.333; p<0.001). The diagnostic accuracy and confidence (Az-value) of the two readers was 63.2% and 70.6% (0.785 and 0.818) for baseline US, which improved significantly to 87.5% and 88.2% (0.915 and 0.908) for CEUS (p<0.001). Interreader agreement also increased with CEUS (  =0.88) compared to baseline US (  =0.52). CONCLUSION: @entity9809 -enhanced CEUS improves differentiation between benign vascular and malignant @entity5 and may be especially useful in clinical scenarios in which the incidental hypoechoic @entity75 is unclear on conventional US.

title: Incidentally detected @entity75 in ultrasound: does contrast-enhanced ultrasonography improve the differentiation of benign @entity2695 / XXXX from @entity5 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['splenic lesion', 'splenic lesions', 'hypoechoic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['splenic tumors']

entities_list: @entity9809 :: ('MESH:D013459', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulfur hexafluoride', 'sulfur hexafluoride']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['benign vascular neoplasms', 'benign vascular neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['hamartoma']

answer: @entity4607 :: (MESH:D006222,Disease) :: ['hamartoma']


abstract: The mechanisms of @entity409 characterized by the impaired @entity842 (NO) release have not yet been clarified. Because the phenomenon is mimicked in vitro by the application of oxidized LDL and its major lipid constituent, @entity6579 ( @entity15002 ), we analyzed their effects on the @entity369 -NO system, especially on the @entity369 transport system. @entity15002 inhibited NO release induced by @entity857 in cultured @entity291 aortic endothelial cells. The inhibition was attenuated by the excess amount of extracellular @entity369 . @entity15002 was found to inhibit the @entity369 transport in @entity291 aortic endothelial cells, which is mediated by high- and low-affinity components. @entity15002 predominantly impaired the high-affinity component. In the presence of a high concentration of @entity369 , @entity15002 showed apparently no inhibition of @entity369 transport, because the low-affinity transporter compensated for the activity. Taken together, the impairment of the high-affinity transport system might account for the inhibition of NO release by @entity15002 . @entity15002 also inhibited @entity369 transport in the intima of intact @entity291 aorta. Furthermore, @entity15002 inhibited the activity of the high-affinity @entity369 transporter in endothelial cells, in the cationic @entity535 transporter-1 expressed in COS-7 cells. The activity of cationic @entity535 transporter-1 might be important for the prevention of @entity409 .

title: High-affinity @entity369 transport of @entity291 aortic endothelial cells is impaired by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity6579 :: (MESH:D008244,Chemical) :: ['lysophosphatidylcholine']


abstract: The midcycle surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers events within the primate periovulatory follicle that culminate in follicle rupture and luteinization of the follicle wall; these events include the shift from primarily @entity172 to primarily @entity1420 production, vascularization of the granulosa cell layer, and expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors (MMPs and TIMPs) thought to be necessary for follicle rupture. However, it is unknown if LH acts directly at granulosa cells to regulate these important periovulatory processes. The ovulatory LH surge also stimulates the production of @entity2918 (PGs) by the follicle just before follicle rupture, suggesting that LH may have both PG-dependent and PG-independent actions. To address these questions, gonadotropins were administered to adult female @entity2608 to stimulate the development of multiple, large preovulatory follicles. Granulosa cells were aspirated and maintained in vitro for up to 48 h in serum-free, chemically defined medium. Granulosa cells were cultured with LH alone or in combination with PGs to determine if these hormones act directly at granulosa cells to induce the production of factors implicated in periovulatory processes. LH treatment increased media @entity1420 (p < 0.05) and @entity25452 ( @entity25452 ; p < 0.05) levels as well as stimulating expression of mRNAs for @entity14280 (p = 0.05), @entity55635 (p < 0.05), and @entity55632 (p < 0.05), similar to the effects of an ovulatory dose of gonadotropin in vivo. @entity1421 alone elevated media @entity1420 levels but decreased LH stimulation of @entity14280 mRNA (p < 0.05). PGF2alpha reduced LH-stimulated @entity55632 mRNA (p < 0.05) levels. These studies suggest a direct action of LH on granulosa cells to stimulate the processes involved in tissue remodeling and @entity2295 , i.e., MMPs/TIMPs and angiogenic factors, as well as steroidogenesis. LH-stimulated PGs may have a regulatory role to modulate some effects of the LH surge, such as MMP/TIMP expression.

title: Luteinizing hormone acts directly at granulosa cells to stimulate periovulatory processes: modulation of luteinizing hormone effects by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity25452 :: ('574209(Tax:9544)', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

answer: @entity2918 :: (MESH:D011453,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandins']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible participation of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family members: @entity21349 , @entity12270 , and @entity58471 , and their receptor variants: @entity31003 , FGFR2IIIb, and FGFR2IIIc in theca interna (TI) and granulosa cell (GC) compartments of @entity291 follicles during final growth. A classification of follicles into five groups (<0.5; >0.5-5; >5-20; >20-180; >180 ng/ml, respectively) was performed according to the follicular fluid (FF) @entity53 -17beta (E) content. The mRNA expression and protein localization was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. @entity21349 mRNA expression was relatively high in TI and lower in GC, and without any regulatory change for both tissue compartments during final follicular growth. The @entity21349 protein could be predominantly localized in the cytoplasm of GC, in smooth muscle cells of blood vessels, in the rete ovarii, and at a lesser degree in theca cells. @entity12270 mRNA in TI increased significantly in large follicles and was low and without any regulatory change in GC. @entity58471 mRNA expression was relatively high in TI and very low in GC. For @entity58471 in mature follicles a marked staining of the TI and the basal layers of the GC could be demonstrated. The mRNA signal for the @entity31003 in TI increased significantly with beginning of E production (E > 0.5-5 ng/ml FF) and was without any regulatory change in GC. The mRNA expression of FGFR2IIIb was relatively high in GC and increased significantly during final growth of follicles in contrast to the TI with very low expression. The FGFR2IIIc mRNA expression in TI and GC was relatively high but without any clear change. Our results suggest that FGF growth factor family members are involved in process of folliculogenesis and especially during final growth of the preovulatory (dominant) follicle by stimulation of angiogenesis and GC survival and proliferation.

title: Expression and localization of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family members during the final growth of XXXX ovarian follicles.

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: High-dose therapy with autologous stem cell therapy (ASCT) has become the treatment of choice for eligible @entity1 with @entity1582 . We analysed retrospectively the prognostic influence of pre-transplant characteristics and transplant modalities on response and survival in 211 @entity1582 @entity1 who were transplanted in our centre between 1994 and 2004. All @entity1 received peripheral blood stem cell support after conditioning with melphalan alone (183 @entity1 ), or melphalan and total blood irradiation (28 @entity1 ). We evaluated the influence of age, type of multiple @entity1582 , status prior and post ASCT, previous treatment regimens, time of ASCT from diagnosis, year of autograft, dose of re-infused @entity2280 (+) cells, plasma cell infiltration and @entity2262 at diagnosis on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and event-free survival (EFS) to define @entity1 with better prognosis. Median @entity1349 and EFS from transplantation were 50.9 and 20.1 months, respectively. Median @entity1349 from diagnosis was 68.8 months. Transplant-related mortality was 1.4%. Lower @entity2262 levels, achievement of complete remission (CR) post transplant and lower plasma cell infiltration at diagnosis and transplant correlated with longer EFS and @entity1349 , whereas CR at transplant and low international prognostic index at transplant correlated with better EFS. Higher @entity2280 (+) cell dose correlated with improved @entity1349 . We conclude that ASCT is safe and effective and the outcome is independent of age, time from diagnosis, previous treatment and conditioning regimen.

title: Predictive factors for survival in @entity1582 @entity1 who undergo autologous stem cell transplantation: a single-centre experience in 211 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity8285 has been found to be increased in the serum of cigarette smokers and some @entity1 with @entity565 , as well as in the sputum of @entity1 with @entity1577 and @entity1030 . @entity288 supposedly may block the formation of LTB4. To determine if the effect of CS on @entity1030 is by reduction in LTB4, we studied serum LTB4 levels in clinically stable @entity1 with @entity565 or @entity1030 who were treated with or without CS. The LTB4 was extracted from serum and assayed by radioimmunoassay. Serum LTB4 concentrations, expressed as the mean +/- SD, were 0.36 +/- 0.15 ng/ml in ten normal controls, 0.56 +/- 0.18 ng/ml in nine asthmatic subjects, 0.67 +/- 0.2 ng/ml in eight asthmatic subjects receiving CS, 0.81 +/- 0.19 ng/ml in seven @entity1 with @entity1030 , and 0.97 +/- 0.29 ng/ml in eight @entity1 with @entity1030 receiving CS. Serum LTB4 levels in normal controls differed significantly from all groups with @entity1030 or @entity565 (p less than 0.01). Levels of LTB4 in asthmatic subjects differed from levels in @entity1 with @entity1030 (p less than 0.03), and levels in asthmatic subjects receiving CS differed from subjects with @entity1030 receiving CS (p less than 0.03). Concentrations of LTB4 within either the @entity1030 or the asthmatic groups were not lower in the @entity1 treated with CS. We conclude that serum LTB4 concentrations are higher in @entity1030 than in @entity565 or normal controls and that administration of CS is not associated with low LTB4 levels. The beneficial effects of @entity1224 appear to be mediated by mechanisms other than reduction of LTB4.

title: Serum leukotriene B4 levels in XXXX with obstructive pulmonary disease.

entities_list: @entity8285 :: ('MESH:D007975', 'Chemical') :: ['Leukotriene B4']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['CS in obstructive airway disease']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationships between cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 genotype, antipsychotic drug exposure, @entity910 and @entity910 , and cigarette smoking. DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal study. SETTING: University mental health research center. @entity1 : Thirty-seven @entity1 with @entity161 . INTERVENTION: @entity1 were genotyped for @entity5320 *1, *3, and *4 alleles, and data were collected on their psychiatric symptoms, cigarette smoking status, and antipsychotic drug exposure. @entity910 were measured using the @entity910 Scale (AIMS). Presence of @entity910 was also evaluated. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A linear regression model used the AIMS scores as the dependent variable, and genotype, sex, smoking status, and antipsychotic drug exposure as independent variables. Antipsychotic drug exposure, genotype, and cigarette smoking interaction was significant (p<0.0212) for @entity1 with the @entity5320 *1/*3, *4 genotype. Seventy-eight percent of smokers with the @entity5320 *1/*3, *4 genotype had @entity910 compared with 20-33% of @entity1 in other groups. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with a @entity5320 *3 or *4 allele may shunt antipsychotic metabolism through other pathways that are induced by cigarette smoke. This induction may result in formation of @entity2359 metabolites, leading to increased AIMS scores and a higher frequency of @entity910 compared with @entity1 without these alleles.

title: @entity910 and XXXX in smokers and nonsmokers with @entity161 genotyped for @entity5320 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal movements', 'Abnormal movements', 'tardive dyskinesia', 'Abnormal Involuntary Movement']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity910 :: (MESH:D004409,Disease) :: ['tardive dyskinesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We report our updated experience of allogeneic transplantation in @entity74 using a reduced-intensity conditioning regimen combining BEAM (plus @entity3118 in three cases) with pre-transplant CAMPATH. Post-transplant donor lymphocytes have been infused for persisting disease or relapse, and both chimerism and minimal @entity66 have been monitored utilizing molecular techniques. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with median age 47.6 years underwent allogeneic transplantation for relapsed or high-risk lymphoproliferative disease using HLA-identical (sibling n = 25, unrelated n = 2) or one antigen mismatched sibling donors (n = 3). Twenty-one had NHL, three had @entity2033 and six had @entity1072 /PLL. Stem-cell source was PBSC (n = 24), BM (n = 5) or both (n = 1) with a median @entity2280 dose of 4.5 x 10(6)/kg. GvHD prophylaxis was with CYA and @entity1500 . RESULTS: Engraftment was prompt in the majority of @entity1 , with a median of 15 days to both ANC > 0.5 and platelets > 20. There have been three transplant-related deaths secondary to @entity1800 or @entity2028 . Seven @entity1 developed Grade I-II acute GvHD post-transplant. Of 28 evaluable @entity1 , 18 achieved a CR at assessment 2-3 months post-transplant and a further @entity1 converted from PR to CR following DLI, to give an overall CR rate of 68%. Three @entity1 had early progressive disease and six have relapsed from CR or progressed from PR (two of whom have achieved CR following DLI therapy). Overall survival is 67% and event-free survival 48% at 3 years. With a median follow-up of 1.3 years 57% of @entity1 are currently alive and @entity706 -free. A molecular remission has been achieved in nine of 12 informative @entity1 . DISCUSSION: These encouraging results show that this reduced-intensity conditioning regimen is effective, with a low- @entity137 profile compared with conventional TBI-based conditioning, and certainly merits further evaluation in this setting.

title: Allogeneic stem-cell transplantation for lymphoproliferative disorders using BEAM-CAMPATH (+/- XXXX ) conditioning combined with post-transplant donor-lymphocyte infusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['lympho-proliferative disorders']

answer: @entity3118 :: (MESH:C024352,Chemical) :: ['fludarabine']


abstract: @entity354 ( @entity354 ) is a common medical condition affecting approximately 35-40% of the adult population in the western world. Chronic laryngeal signs and symptoms associated with @entity354 are often referred to as @entity354 or @entity8823 ( @entity8823 ). It is estimated that up to 15% of all visits to the otolaryngology offices are because of manifestations of @entity8823 . Injury may occur as a result of one or chronic reflux of gastroduodenal contents directly injuring the laryngeal mucosa. Since less amount of acid is required to make the injury to the larynx as compared to @entity130 ; it is believed that intermittent exposure to small amount of gastric content can result in @entity7552 . The most common presenting symptoms of @entity8823 include hoarseness, sore throat, throat clearing, and chronic cough. The diagnosis of @entity8823 is usually made on the basis of presenting symptoms and associated laryngeal signs including @entity4 and @entity5105 . Current recommendation for management of this group of @entity1 is empiric therapy with twice daily proton-pump inhibitors for 2 to 4 months. In majority of those who are unresponsive to such therapy other causes of laryngeal irritation is considered. Surgical fundoplication is most effective in those who are responsive to acid suppressive therapy.

title: Laryngeal disorders in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7552 :: ('MESH:D007827', 'Disease') :: ['laryngitis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal edema']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['Gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD', 'reflux laryngitis']

entities_list: @entity8823 :: ('MESH:D057045', 'Disease') :: ['LPR', 'laryngopharyngeal reflux']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury to esophagus']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity955 ( @entity955 ) after ablation of a cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI)-dependent @entity956 ( @entity956 ) is high. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that @entity956 and @entity955 may be initiated by pulmonary vein triggers. This prospective randomized trial tested the efficacy of a standalone pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in @entity1 with @entity956 but without @entity955 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity956 but without documented @entity955 were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: (1) antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD), (2) CTI ablation, or (3) circumferential PVI. The primary end-point was defined as any recurrent @entity4710 and the secondary end-point as recurrence of @entity956 . In case of @entity591 recurrence in the PVI group, a second PVI was performed to close gaps in the ablation lines. RESULTS: Of the 60 @entity1 , 17 were randomized to AAD, 23 to CTI ablation, and 20 to PVI. During follow-up of 1.42    0.83 years, 14 of 17 @entity1 (82.4%) in the AAD group, 14 of 23 @entity1 (60.9%) in the CTI group, and 2 of 20 @entity1 (10%) in the PVI group reached the primary end-point (P <.001) after a mean of 1.4 PVI procedures per @entity1 . @entity956 reoccurred in 9 @entity1 (52.9.%) in the AAD group, in 2 @entity1 (8.7%) in the CTI group, and after a single PVI in 3 @entity1 (15%) in the PVI group (P = .003). After closure of gaps, 1 @entity1 (5%) in the PVI group presented with recurrent @entity956 . CONCLUSION: Pulmonary vein triggers play an important role in @entity956 . PVI can prevent the recurrence of @entity956 , even without CTI ablation.

title: Pulmonary vein triggers play an important role in the initiation of @entity956 : Initial results from the prospective randomized @entity955 Ablation in XXXX (Triple A) trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter', 'AFL']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachyarrhythmia']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['Atrial Flutter']


abstract: Cutinase encapsulated in @entity18543 reverse micelles displays very low stability, undergoing fast denaturation due to an anchoring at the micellar interface. The denaturation process and the structure of the reverse micelle were characterized using biophysical techniques. The kinetics of denaturation observed from fluorescence match the increase of the hydrodynamic radius of reverse micelles. Denaturation in reverse micelles is mainly the unfolding of the three-dimensional structure since the decrease in the circular dichroism ellipticity in the far-UV range is very small. The process is accompanied by an increase in the steady-state anisotropy, as opposed to what happens for denaturation in aqueous solution. Since @entity9840 used as co-surfactant in @entity18543 reverse micelles slows or even prevents cutinase denaturation, its effect on cutinase conformation and on the size of reverse micelles was analyzed. When @entity9840 is present, cutinase is encapsulated in a large reverse micelle, as deduced from dynamic light scattering. The large reverse micelle filled with cutinase was built from the fusion of reverse micelles according to a pseudo-unimolecular process ranging in time from a few minutes to 2h depending on the reverse micellar concentration. This slow equilibrium driven by the encapsulated cutinase has not been reported previously. The encapsulation of cutinase in @entity18543 reverse micelles establishes a completely new equilibrium characterized by a bimodal population of empty and filled reverse micelles, whose characteristics depend greatly on the interfacial characteristics, that is, on the absence or presence of @entity9840 .

title: Cutinase-AOT interactions in reverse micelles: the effect of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity18543 :: ('MESH:D004143', 'Chemical') :: ['dioctyl sulfosuccinate']

answer: @entity9840 :: (MESH:C036260,Chemical) :: ['1-hexanol']


abstract: 27 @entity1 with recurrent high grade @entity11 following surgery and radiation therapy were treated with 100 mg/m2 @entity900 and 6 g/m2 @entity1260 per cycle, administered on days 1-3 in 4 week cycles, for a maximum of six cycles. @entity137 was assessed after every cycle. Response was assessed following every second cycle, and a 50% decrease of the largest cross-sectional @entity5 area on contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scan was considered a partial response (PR). A total of 95 cycles was administered; 26 @entity1 were evaluable for response. In 5 @entity1 (19%), a PR was obtained (median @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ): 34 weeks). Stable disease was observed in 6 @entity1 (23%, median @entity1054 : 22 weeks). The most frequent @entity137 was haematological: 37% of cycles were complicated by a grade 3 or 4 @entity1210 . 1 @entity1 died, probably as a consequence of increased @entity4 induced by the @entity900 hydration schedule. Determination of the @entity900 concentration in this @entity1 showed a 10-fold increase in the @entity5 concentration as compared with that in normal brain tissue, demonstrating the absence of a blood-brain barrier in the @entity5 . In conclusion, generally this schedule was well tolerated, but it is of moderate activity for recurrent @entity11 .

title: Phase II study on XXXX and @entity1260 in recurrent high grade @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral oedema']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The influence of the location of @entity583 on the autonomic tone and its evolution during the first hours post- @entity1188 has not been fully evaluated. The aim of this study was to analyze this effect using a spectral analysis of the heart rate variability. @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-nine consecutive @entity1 with @entity583 and drugs which could affect heart rate variability were studied. Five-minute Holter recordings within each hour between 10 and 33 hours after the onset of symptoms were analyzed, calculating the standard deviation of NN intervals and the spectral power of the high and low frequency bands using normalized units. RESULTS: The standard deviation was higher in @entity1188 (51.4 +/- 23.4 ms vs. 38.6 +/- 14.8 ms in anterior location; p < 0.05) and gradually decreased over time in both locations. The relative distribution of high- and low-frequency bands did not show significant differences related to the @entity1188 location. An inverse significant correlation between the high-frequency component and time was observed for anterior @entity1188 (r = -0.98; p < 0.001) as well as in the inferior group (r = -0.75; p = 0.04). Conversely, the low-frequency power gradually increased in anterior @entity1188 (r = 0.98, p < 0.001) while remaining stable in inferior locations (r = -0.08; NS). CONCLUSIONS: A gradual reduction of heart rate variability was observed in @entity1 with @entity583 during the time of monitorization. The spectral analysis suggests that anterior @entity1188 present a progressive increase of sympathetic activity and a reduction of vagal tone, whereas @entity1188 show a parallel @entity4148 .

title: [Effect of the location of XXXX on the variability of heart rate: a study during the acute phase].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction (22 anterior and 27 inferior) in sinus rhythm and free of diseases', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct', 'inferior infarcts']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in both components of the autonomous nervous system']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Statins may offer protective effects in @entity295 through anti-inflammatory, mitochondrial protection and other actions. We thus evaluated the effects of @entity3413 on survival, organ and mitochondrial function, tissue and plasma @entity12931 levels and liver transcriptomics in a 3-day @entity35 model of @entity295 . Comparisons of @entity35 plasma @entity3413 and @entity12931 levels were made against levels sampled in blood from @entity1 with @entity647 ( @entity647 ) enrolled into a trial of @entity6817 therapy. Animals received @entity3413 by gavage either pre- or post-induction of @entity298 . Control septic animals received vehicle alone. 72-hour survival was significantly greater in @entity6817 pre-treated animals (43.7%) compared to both their @entity6817 post-treated (12.5%) and control septic (25%) counterparts (p<0.05). @entity295 -induced biochemical derangements in liver and kidney improved with @entity6817 therapy, particularly when given pre-insult. Both @entity3413 pre- and post-treatment prevented the fall in mitochondrial @entity26 consumption in muscle fibers taken from septic animals at 24 hours. This beneficial effect was paralleled by recovery of genes related to @entity844 metabolism. @entity3413 pre-treatment resulted in a significant decrease in myocardial @entity12931 . @entity1 with @entity647 had a marked variation in plasma @entity33617 levels however their @entity12931 /LDL @entity165 ratio did not differ regardless of whether they were receiving @entity6817 or placebo. In summary, despite protective effects seen with @entity6817 treatment given both pre- and post-insult, survival benefit was only seen with pre-treatment, reflecting experiences in @entity1 studies.

title: XXXX pre-treatment improves survival and mitochondrial function in a three-day fluid-resuscitated @entity35 model of @entity295 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity12931 :: ('MESH:D014451', 'Chemical') :: ['ubiquinone']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['Simvastatin', 'simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['faecal peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity33617 :: ('MESH:C063287', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin acid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'ALI']

answer: @entity3413 :: (MESH:D019821,Chemical) :: ['Simvastatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Metatarsocuneiform (MTC) fusion is a treatment option for management of @entity4553 . We compared the biomechanical characteristics of an internal fixation device with @entity1411 . METHODS: Seven matched pairs of feet from @entity1 cadavers were used to compare the intramedullary (IM) device plus compression screw to plantar plate combined with a compression screw. Specimen constructs were loaded in a cyclic 4-point bending test. We obtained initial/final @entity2693 , maximum load, and number of cycles to failure. Bone mineral density was measured with peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Performance was compared using time to event analysis with number of cycles as time variable, and a proportional hazard model including shared frailty model fitted with treatment and bone mineral density as covariates. RESULTS: On average the plates failed after 7517 cycles and a maximum load of 167 N, while the IM-implants failed on average after 2946 cycles and a maximum load of 69 N. In all pairs the 1 treated with IM-implant failed earlier than the 1 treated with a plate (hazard ratio for IM-implant versus plate was 79.9 (95% confidence interval [6.1, 1052.2], P = .0009). The initial @entity2693 was 131 N/mm for the plantar plate and 43.3 N/mm for the IM implant. Initial @entity2693 (r = .955) and final @entity2693 (r = .952) were strongly related to the number of cycles to failure. Bone mineral density had no effect on the number of cycles to failure. CONCLUSION: Plantar plate fixation created a stronger and stiffer construct than IM fixation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A stiffer construct can reduce the risk of nonunion and shorten the period of non-weight-bearing.

title: Intraosseous fixation compared to XXXX for first metatarsocuneiform arthrodesis: a cadaveric biomechanical analysis.

entities_list: @entity4553 :: ('MESH:D006215', 'Disease') :: ['hallux valgus']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['plantar plate fixation']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity1411 :: (MESH:D016523,Disease) :: ['plantar plate fixation']


abstract: Thirteen laboratories evaluated the reproducibility of sequencing methods to detect drug resistance mutations in @entity2858 @entity16757 ( @entity16757 ). Blinded, cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cell pellets were distributed to each laboratory. Each laboratory used its preferred method for sequencing proviral DNA. Differences in protocols included: DNA purification; number of PCR amplifications; PCR product purification; sequence/location of PCR/sequencing primers; sequencing template; sequencing reaction label; sequencing polymerase; and use of manual versus automated methods to resolve sequencing reaction products. Five unknowns were evaluated. Thirteen laboratories submitted 39043 @entity377 assignments spanning codons 10-256 of @entity2858 @entity16757 . A consensus @entity377 assignment (defined as agreement among > or = 75% of laboratories) could be made in over 99% of @entity377 positions, and was more frequent in the three laboratory isolates. The overall rate of discrepant @entity377 assignments was 0.29%. A consensus @entity377 assignment could not be made at @entity16757 codon 41 in the clinical isolate tested. Clonal analysis revealed that this was due to the presence of a mixture of wild-type and mutant genotypes. These observations suggest that sequencing methodologies currently in use in ACTG laboratories to sequence @entity2858 @entity16757 yield highly concordant results for laboratory strains; however, more discrepancies among laboratories may occur when clinical isolates are tested.

title: Interlaboratory concordance of DNA sequence analysis to detect @entity16757 mutations in XXXX proviral DNA. ACTG Sequencing Working Group. AIDS Clinical Trials Group.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity16757 :: ('MESH:D054038', 'Disease') :: ['reverse transcriptase', 'RT']

answer: @entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Antinociceptive effects of @entity2493 have been documented in a wide range of experimental animal models. The aim of this study was to investigate the analgesic, antihyperalgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties of @entity2493 using a validated @entity130 ( @entity130 ) model in healthy male volunteers. The design was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-arm crossover study. Each volunteer participated in 3 identical study sessions with intravenous administration of placebo, @entity2493 10 mg, or @entity2493 100 mg. Sixty minutes after bolus injection of study medication, a @entity130 was induced by a computerized contact thermode (47.0  C, 420 seconds, 5.0 * 2.5 cm). @entity158 ratings during the @entity130 and quantitative sensory testing at baseline and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after the @entity130 were performed. Quantitative sensory testing included assessments of secondary @entity1931 areas, mechanical and thermal thresholds in the @entity130 area, and pressure algometry. Furthermore, markers of @entity32 , skin-reflectance spectrophotometry, and high-resolution ultrasonography were applied to measure skin erythema and dermal thickness in the @entity130 area. @entity158 during the @entity130 and secondary @entity1931 areas were defined as primary outcomes. Twenty-nine volunteers were randomized and completed the study. While the @entity130 induced large secondary @entity1931 areas and significantly increased the markers of @entity32 , no significant effects of @entity2493 were observed with respect to primary or secondary outcomes, compared with placebo. The administration of @entity2493 was not associated with any adverse effects. @entity2493 did not demonstrate any analgesic, antihyperalgesic, or anti-inflammatory properties in the @entity130 model.

title: Analgesic and antihyperalgesic effects of XXXX in a human @entity158 model: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-arm crossover study.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin', 'Melatonin']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['BI', 'burn injury']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['melatonin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity18693 belongs to the family of small @entity368 -rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), an active component of extracellular matrix. It directly binds collagens to promote fibrillogenesis and also binds transforming growth factor-beta ( @entity1810 ) to antagonize its actions. Our previous studies of @entity35 anterior pituitary gland revealed that @entity18693 is expressed in folliculostellate cells and pericytes. Although our recent study showed that @entity4579 secreted from folliculostellate cells induces collagen synthesis in pericytes, the involvement of @entity18693 in @entity4579 -mediated collagen regulation has not been studied. The present study examined the effect of @entity4579 on @entity18693 synthesis in @entity35 anterior pituitary gland. In situ hybridization for @entity1810 receptor II and immunohistological techniques revealed the presence of @entity1810 receptor II in folliculostellate cells and pericytes. To confirm canonical @entity1810 intracellular signaling, @entity19233 immunocytochemistry was performed. Nuclear translocation of @entity19233 was observed in folliculostellate cells and pericytes after @entity4579 treatment. @entity4579 strongly enhanced @entity18693 mRNA and protein expressions, and @entity4579 -induced mRNA expression was completely blocked by @entity1810 receptor I inhibitor ( @entity21795 ). These results suggest that folliculostellate cells and pericytes exhibit canonical @entity4579 signaling, which is associated with @entity18693 production. Thus, this is the first report to show that @entity1810 signaling regulates the endogenous @entity1810 antagonist @entity18693 in the gland.

title: @entity18693 Expression in Folliculostellate Cells and Pericytes Is Promoted by @entity1810 Signaling in XXXX Anterior Pituitary Gland.

entities_list: @entity18693 :: ('64507(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['fibromodulin', 'Fibromodulin']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: The Maugeri @entity1576 questionnaire (MRF-28) is the first instrument specifically developed for use with @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ) @entity1 . The 28 items were selected using classical test theory. The purpose of the current analysis was to further refine the questionnaire using item response theory, specifically, the Rasch model analysis. METHODS: Three hundred and seventeen @entity1576 @entity1 (mean aged 66.7 yrs; Male 219, Female 98) completed the MRF-28 health status measure. Data were collected through the self-report questionnaire and analyzed using 1-parameter logistic models by means of RUMM software. RESULTS: The 28-item questionnaire has good psychometric properties in terms of discriminant power because the @entity1 Separation Index is 0.896. However, the item-trait interaction was not good as shown by the total-item Chi-square (chi(2)(112), p<0.001). Removing two items that did not fit the Rasch model well, produced a minor improvement in @entity1 Separation Index to 0.899 and the item-trait interaction improved (chi(2)(104), p = NS). In the preliminary analysis we identified 21 @entity1 who were outliers; when they were excluded the distribution of the residuals, according to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics, was normal and factor analysis of the item residuals showed that the components had similar eigenvalues and no strong correlation with items. These results suggest that the MRF-26 is a unidimensional measure of health-related quality of @entity73 for @entity1576 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: A combination of classical psychometric tests and Rasch analysis produced an instrument of moderate size that covers a wide range of effects of @entity1576 and has interval scaling properties.

title: Maugeri XXXX questionnaire reduced form: a method for improving the questionnaire using the Rasch model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Person', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['life impairment']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory Failure', 'chronic respiratory failure', 'CRF']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['Respiratory Failure']


abstract: Exercise dose comparison trials with biomarker outcomes can identify the amount of exercise required to reduce @entity0 risk and also strengthen the causal inference between physical activity and @entity0 . The @entity0 and Exercise Trial in Alberta (BETA) tested whether or not greater changes in @entity53 (E2), @entity1815 , and @entity443 ( @entity443 ) concentrations can be achieved in postmenopausal @entity1 randomized to 12 months of HIGH (300min/week) vs MODERATE (150min/week) volumes of aerobic exercise. BETA included 400 inactive postmenopausal @entity1 aged 50-74 years with BMI of 22-40kg/m(2). Blood was drawn at baseline and 6 and 12 months. Adiposity, physical fitness, diet, and total physical activity were assessed at baseline and 12 months. Intention-to-treat analyses were performed using linear mixed models. At full prescription, @entity1 exercised more in the HIGH vs MODERATE group (median min/week (quartiles 1,3): 253 (157289) vs 137 (111150); P<0.0001). Twelve-month changes in @entity172 and @entity443 were <10% on average for both groups. No group differences were found for E2, @entity1815 , @entity443 or free E2 changes (treatment effect ratios (95% CI) from linear mixed models: 1.00 (0.96-1.06), 1.02 (0.98-1.05), 0.99 (0.96-1.02), 1.01 (0.95, 1.06), respectively, representing the HIGH:MODERATE ratio of geometric mean biomarker levels over 12 months; n=382). In per-protocol analyses, borderline significantly greater decreases in total and free E2 occurred in the HIGH group. Overall, no dose effect was observed for @entity1 randomized to 300 vs 150min/week of moderate to vigorous intensity exercise who actually performed a median of 253 vs 137min/week. For total and free E2, the lack of differential effect may be due to modest adherence in the higher dose group.

title: Effects of exercise dose on endogenous XXXX in postmenopausal @entity1 : a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone-binding globulin', 'SHBG']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogens']


abstract: SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes are frequently mutated in a variety of @entity1 @entity5 . We investigated the mutation incidence and the role of mSWI/SNF  ( @entity27044 ) complexes in @entity1 @entity2 . In the present study, we analyzed somatic mutations of @entity27044 complexes and other driver mutated genes of @entity2 deposited in the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database. @entity27044 complexes were mutated in 282 of 803  (35.12%) @entity2 samples analyzed, ranking second to @entity876 . Significantly, @entity27044 -mutated samples exhibited more genomic mutations than @entity27044 wild-type ones. Moreover, a significant positive correlation existed between the @entity27044 mutations and overall genomic mutations in these @entity2 samples (P<0.001, Pearson's correlation analysis). Specifically, the mutant-typing of 6 @entity27044 genes, @entity23423 , @entity19689 , @entity23422 , @entity21270 , @entity37549 and @entity63341 was associated with more overall mutations in the @entity2 samples. A mutation reporter system was developed by means of the establishment of stable cell sublines with slippage-luciferase transcript in a @entity2220 cell line, Calu-3. @entity23423 , the most frequently mutated @entity27044 gene in @entity2 , was stably knocked down by pSUPER constructs carrying short hairpin RNA  (shRNA). Mutation ratios determined from the mutation reporters of @entity1 cells were significantly increased upon stable @entity23423 knockdown. We demonstrated that genetic mutations of @entity27044 complexes lead to genome @entity2 . Therefore, @entity27044 complexes play an important role in maintaining genome stability in @entity1 @entity2 .

title: Loss of function of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling genes leads to genome instability of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['instability of lung carcinoma', 'lung cancer', 'lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Over the past two decades, live kidney donation by older individuals (>= 55 years) has become more common. Given the strong associations of older age with @entity65 ( @entity65 ), nephrectomy could make older donors vulnerable to @entity204 and cardiovascular events. We performed a cohort study among older live kidney donors who were matched to healthy older individuals in the Health and Retirement Study. The primary outcome was mortality ascertained through national @entity204 registries. Secondary outcomes ascertained among pairs with Medicare coverage included @entity204 or @entity65 ascertained through Medicare claims data. During the period from 1996 to 2006, there were 5717 older donors in the United States. We matched 3368 donors 1:1 to older healthy nondonors. Among donors and matched pairs, the mean age was 59 years; 41% were male and 7% were black race. In median follow-up of 7.8 years, mortality was not different between donors and matched pairs (p   =   0.21). Among donors with Medicare, the combined outcome of @entity204 / @entity65 (p   =   0.70) was also not different between donors and nondonors. In summary, carefully selected older kidney donors do not face a higher risk of @entity204 or @entity65 . These findings should be provided to older individuals considering live kidney donation.

title: Mortality and XXXX among older live kidney donors.

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'CVD']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: Liver resections for metastases of @entity14 are generally accepted. The 5-year survival rate is higher than 30 percent. Major resections can be performed safely with normal remnant liver. The liver regenerates following extended hepatectomies or other major resections. Authors operated on a 57-year-old @entity1 for a secondary @entity96 . The @entity5 was in the colon sigmoideum and sigma-resection was made at another hospital 16 months before. The @entity3 was in the right lobe of the liver. Authors performed right extended hepatectomy. After systemic chemotherapy, 4.5 months later a new @entity3 developed in the left lobe. Despite locoregional chemotherapy, chemoembolization and radiofrequency treatment, the @entity5 was still growing so a left lobectomy was performed. The @entity1 is macroscopically @entity5 -free 17 months after the first hepatic resection. The interest in this case is that segments IV to @entity797 were removed first time, and segments II and III at the second liver resection. @entity409 after the first resection made the second operation possible. Only segment I of the original segments remained. Utilizing the regeneration of the liver we can make an effort to perform a complete @entity5 ablation in two steps.

title: Near total hepatectomy in two steps for surgical treatment of liver XXXX of @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver regeneration']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiologic characteristics and clinical spectrum of @entity6125 ( @entity6125 ) at a tertiary eye care center. DESIGN: This was a retrospective case review. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of case records of 181 consecutive @entity1 diagnosed with @entity6125 seen from January 2001 to December 2008 was performed. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 31.78    19.28 years (range, 1-85 years). One hundred thirty-six (75.1%) were males, and 45 (24.9%) were females. Most common presenting symptom was manifest vertical deviation (81.7%). Most common etiology was @entity130 (33.7%) followed by a congenital (32.6%), idiopathic (23.7%), and @entity63 (8.8%) etiology. One @entity1 each had @entity1582 and @entity149 . Bilateral @entity6125 was noted in 11 cases; 7 (63.4%) of them were posttraumatic, 3 (27.3%) were congenital, and 1 developed after cerebrovascular accident. Neuroimaging performed in 67 @entity1 (37%) with suspected central nervous system pathology was positive in 10 (14.9%) of @entity1 . The distribution of @entity854 was traumatic sequelae in 5 @entity1 (50%), intracranial space-occupying lesion in 1 (10%), @entity738 in dorsal midbrain in 1 (10%), and @entity2806 ( @entity1188 , @entity4798 ) in 3 (30%) @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6125 etiology tends to show an age and sex distribution. @entity130 and congenital etiologies are the most common in young males and females, respectively, whereas @entity63 etiology is more frequent in middle-aged and elderly @entity1 . Detailed history, meticulous ocular and systemic examination, appropriate neuroimaging, and systemic investigations help elucidate the etiology.

title: XXXX : Epidemiology and Clinical Spectrum From a Tertiary Eye Care Center in South India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['occipital lobe infarcts']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system tuberculoma']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['neuroimaging abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar infarcts']

entities_list: @entity6125 :: ('MESH:D020432', 'Disease') :: ['Superior oblique palsy', 'superior oblique palsy', 'SOP']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity6125 :: (MESH:D020432,Disease) :: ['Superior Oblique Palsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2449 is considered the first choice oral treatment for @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 in the absence of contraindications. Rarely, life-threatening complications associated with @entity2449 treatment are seen in some @entity1 with underlying diseases. The aim of this study was to further investigate the clinical profiles and risk factors for @entity2449 -associated @entity8193 (MALA) and the treatment modalities according to survival. METHODS: To identify MALA, we performed a retrospective study in seven @entity6 @entity1 who were taking @entity2449 and had been diagnosed with @entity8193 at Inha University Hospital between 1995 and 2012. For each @entity1 , we recorded the age, sex, daily @entity2449 dosage, laboratory test results, admission diagnosis, and risk factors. Also, concurrent conditions, treatment modalities, and outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: Six @entity1 had risk factors for @entity8193 before admission. All @entity1 had @entity8 on admission as a precipitating risk factor. Five @entity1 survived and two @entity1 died despite early renal replacement therapy. Older @entity1 tended to have a poorer prognosis. CONCLUSION: Renal function must be monitored in elderly @entity6 @entity1 with underlying diseases and conditions causing @entity8 who begin @entity2449 treatment. Accurate recognition of MALA and initiation of renal replacement are essential for treatment.

title: XXXX -associated @entity8193 : predisposing factors and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin', 'metformin']

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['Metformin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Observational studies have shown that low @entity560 status is associated with an increased risk of @entity65 , acute @entity1729 , falls and @entity174 . We recruited 5110 Auckland adults, aged 50-84 years, into a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to test whether @entity560 supplementation protects against these four major outcomes. The intervention is a monthly @entity3875 dose of 100,000IU (2.5mg) for an estimated median 3.3 years (range 2.5-4.2) during 2011-2015. @entity1 were recruited primarily from family practices, plus community groups with a high proportion of Maori, Pacific, or South Asian individuals. The baseline evaluation included medical history, lifestyle, physical measurements (e.g. blood pressure, arterial waveform, lung function, muscle function), and a blood sample (stored at -80  C for later testing). Capsules are being mailed to home addresses with a questionnaire to collect data on non-hospitalized outcomes and to monitor adherence and potential adverse effects. Other data sources include New Zealand Ministry of Health data on mortality, hospitalization, @entity5 registrations and dispensed pharmaceuticals. A random sample of 438 @entity1 returned for annual collection of blood samples to monitor adherence and safety ( @entity2741 ), including repeat physical measurements at 12 months follow-up. The trial will allow testing of a priori hypotheses on several other endpoints including: weight, blood pressure, arterial waveform parameters, heart rate variability, lung function, muscle strength, gait and balance, mood, @entity1569 , bone density, and @entity1118 .

title: The XXXX Assessment (ViDA) Study: design of a randomized controlled trial of @entity560 supplementation for the prevention of @entity65 , acute @entity1729 , falls and @entity174 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['non-vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity3875 :: ('MESH:D002762', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecalciferol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity560 :: (MESH:D014807,Chemical) :: ['Vitamin D']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of miR-181a in bone marrow (BM) samples of pediatric @entity981 ( @entity981 ) and explore the mechanism of miR-181a on @entity981 cell line CCRF-CEM and drug resistance cell line CEM-C1. METHODS: BM samples were obtained from 18 @entity1 where matched samples at initial diagnosis and first BM relapse or complete remission were available. BM samples and cord blood samples (normal controls) were used to confirm the differential expression of miRNA-181a by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The expressions of miR-181a in both CCRF-CEM and its mutidrug-resistant counterpart @entity1 cells were also detected. Then, CCK-8 assay was performed to quantify the effects of miR-181a on @entity1 and CCRF-CEM cells growth and viability. RESULTS: Up-regulated miR-181a with higher fold changes in both initial diagnosis (4.84  2.71, 7.58  2.50) and relapsed samples (6.53  2.20) compared to normal controls (1.41  0.53) (P=0.017, 0.000, 0.001, respectively) were observed, whereas the miR-181a expression in the samples of CR (1.35  0.35) compared to normal control showed no significant difference (P=0.863). The miR-181a expression level was higher in @entity1 cells (-4.39  0.08) than of in CCRF-CEM cells (-2.32  0.03) (P=0.000). CCK-8 assay revealed that suppression of miR-181a in @entity1 cells by transfecting the specific inhibitor of miR-181a led to significantly higher cellular proliferation inhibition rate than negative control cells (P<0.05), IC50 were 30.61 ng/ml and 2 255.00 ng/ml with RI as 73.67. While increased miR-181a in CCRF-CEM cells led to significantly lower CPIR than negative control cells (P<0.01), IC50 were 126.60 ng/ml and 1.34 ng/ml with RI as 94.26. CONCLUSION: Upregulation of miR-181a might play an important role in the development of drug resistance in @entity1 cells, and knockdown of miR-181a could sensitize @entity1 cells to @entity9800 ; Meanwhile increased expression of miR-181a could promote CCRF-CEM drug resistance. These results suggested that suppression of miR-181a expression might provide a promising therapeutic in drug resistance of @entity1778 .

title: [The expression and functional study of miR-181a in pediatric XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity9800 :: ('MESH:D002166', 'Chemical') :: ['camptothecin']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 2073 Background: Ultrafractionation radiation therapy consists in irradiating cells or @entity5 several times daily, delivering low doses at which hyperradiosensitivity occur. We recently reported the efficiency of ultrafractionation radiotherapy regimen in newly inoperable @entity463 . We are now conducting a phase II clinical trial to determine the effect of a concurrent ultrafractionation regimen and @entity2903 for inoperable @entity463 @entity1 . METHODS: A prospective, multicenter, phase II study has opened for accrual in February 2008. @entity1 over 18 years of age who are able to give informed consent and have histologically proven, newly inoperable diagnosed and @entity463 are eligible. Three doses of 0.75 Gy spaced by at least four hours are delivered daily, five days a week for six consecutive weeks for a total of 67.5Gy, and concomitant chemotherapy consisted of @entity2903 given at dose of 75 mg/m2, 7 days per week during the ultrafractionated radiotherapy. After a 4-week break, chemotherapy is resumed up to 6 cycles of adjuvant @entity2903 every 28 days, according to the standard 5-day regimen. Tolerance and @entity137 is the primary endpoints; survival and progression- free survival are secondary endpoints. RESULTS: To date 38 @entity1 have been enrolled in this study, 29 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 , median age 62 (range from 29 to 77 years old), median Karnofsky performance status was 80. The concomitant ultrafractionated radiotherapy - @entity2903 has been well tolerated; no acute grade 3 and/or 4 CNS @entity137 has been observed. Complete responses were seen in 2 @entity1 , partial response and stabilisation were reported in 8 @entity1 . Median survival from initial diagnosis was not reached; half of @entity1 included are alive at 12 months. Few long survival @entity1 were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent ultrafractionated radiation therapy and @entity2903 is safe and well tolerated. Preliminary results showed encouraging survivals for these @entity1 with unfavorable factors.

title: Concurrent, 3-times daily ultrafractionated radiation therapy and @entity2903 for newly inoperable XXXX : TEMOFRAC a phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['supratentorial glioblastoma', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Presentation of the own experience in the treatment of @entity385 using endovascular methods of simultaneous evaluation of their effectiveness and safety. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The retrospective study involved a group of 18 @entity1 hospitalized in 2005-2012 who were treated with intraarterial thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy. Overall there were 24 procedures performed. The investigated group consisted of seven (38.89%) @entity1 and 11 (61.11%) @entity1 . The average age of the @entity1 was 60 years (SD  17, median - 60 years). RESULTS: In 62.50% of cases (n=15) the effect of revascularization has been achieved and another 12.50% of cases (n=3) recanalization was achieved only partially. Only in 25% of procedures (n=6) failed to achieve recanalization of the artery (TICI <=1). The highest percentage of recanalized arteries were obtained by following the procedure of thrombolysis targeted - 69.24% (TICI>= 2b). In the case of mechanical thrombectomy total patency (TICI>= 2b) was 54.55%. The average duration of treatment (operation) is 157min. After 30 days successful result of the neurological status was achieved in 57.14% of @entity1 (n=8). Full return to independent functioning as defined within 3 months after the surgery ( @entity5329 ) reached 57.14% of @entity1 (n=8). CONCLUSION: Studies suggest that endovascular techniques are effective and safe in the treatment of @entity385 . Greater efficiency is characterized by intraarterial thrombolysis. @entity1 who were treated endovascular improved significantly.

title: Endovascular treatment of acute XXXX - Own experience.

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The outcomes of @entity1 with unresected @entity2867 ( @entity2867 ) from the National @entity5 Data Base (NCDB) were assessed, and potential correlations were explored between @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) dose and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). METHODS: The study cohort was comprised of @entity1 who underwent either no surgery or grossly incomplete resection. Correlates of @entity1349 were explored using univariate analysis and multivariable analysis (MVA). RESULTS: In total, 1288 @entity1 were analyzed. The mean @entity1 age was 70.2 years, 59.7% of @entity1 were @entity1 , and 47.6% received neck @entity1161 . The median @entity1349 was 2.27 months, and 11% of @entity1 remained alive at 1 year. A positive @entity1161 dose-survival correlation was observed for the entire study cohort, for those who received systemic therapy, and for those with @entity3480 . On MVA, older age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.317; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.137-1.526),   >=    1 comorbidity (HR, 1.587; 95% CI, 1.379-1.827), distant @entity3 (HR, 1.385; 95% CI, 1.216-1.578), receipt of systemic therapy (HR, 0.637; 95% CI, 0.547-0.742), and receipt of @entity1161 compared with no @entity1161 (<45 grays [Gy]:HR, 0.843; 95% CI, 0.718-0.988; 45-59.9 Gy: HR, 0.596; 95% CI, 0.479-0.743; 60-75 Gy: HR, 0.419; 95% CI, 0.339-0.517) correlated with @entity1349 . The @entity1161 dose-survival correlation for @entity1 who received higher (60-75 Gy) versus lower (45-59.9 Gy) therapeutic doses was confirmed by propensity-score matching. CONCLUSIONS: Survival was poor in this cohort of @entity1 with unresected @entity2867 , and more effective therapies are needed. However, the association of @entity1161 dose with @entity1349 highlights the importance of identifying @entity1 with unresected @entity2867 who may still yet benefit from multimodal locoregional treatment that incorporates higher dose @entity1161 . @entity5 2016.    2016 American @entity5 Society.

title: Radiation therapy dose is associated with improved survival for unresected XXXX : Outcomes from the National @entity5 Data Base.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3480 :: ('MESH:C538167', 'Disease') :: ['stage IVA/IVB and IVC disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2867 :: ('MESH:D065646', 'Disease') :: ['ATC', 'anaplastic thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2867 :: (MESH:D065646,Disease) :: ['anaplastic thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To explore whether whole-liver diffusion-weighted MRI analysis (of the apparently normal @entity409 ) can help differentiate between @entity1 with @entity14 and controls without @entity409 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten @entity1 with @entity14 and 10 controls with no focal/diffuse @entity409 underwent liver MRI at 1.5   T including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI; b-values 0, 50, 100, 500, 750, 1000). Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were calculated from the DWI images to carry out quantitative diffusion analyses. An experienced reader performed segmentation of the apparently nondiseased liver (excluding @entity3 /focal @entity409 ) on the ADC maps. Histogram ADC parameters were calculated and compared between the @entity1 and the controls. RESULTS: The mean liver ADC was 0.95*10        mm  /s for the @entity1 versus 1.03*10        mm  /s for the controls (P=0.42). The fifth percentile of the ADC was significantly lower for the @entity1 compared with the controls (0.45 vs. 0.69   10        mm  /s, P=0.01). The SD was significantly higher in the @entity1 group (0.30 vs. 0.22, P<0.001). Median, skewness, kurtosis, and 30th-95th percentile were not significantly different between the two groups. Areas under the receiver operator characteristics curves to differentiate @entity1 with metastatic liver involvement from healthy controls without @entity409 were 0.79 for the fifth percentile and 0.95 for the SD. CONCLUSION: Whole-liver diffusion-weighted MRI histogram analysis showed a significant shift towards lower fifth percentile ADC values and higher SD in @entity1 with @entity14 compared with controls without @entity409 .

title: Whole-liver diffusion-weighted MRI histogram analysis: effect of the presence of colorectal hepatic @entity3 on the remaining XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver parenchyma', 'liver lesions', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal liver metastasis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver parenchyma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complications following bariatric surgery are uncommon but potentially life threatening. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the timing of @entity344 ( @entity344 ) and @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) in @entity1 undergoing bariatric surgery. SETTING: Retrospective analysis of the nationwide American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2006 to 2011. METHODS: Data on @entity1 demographic characteristics, baseline co-morbidities, procedural events, and postoperative occurrences were analyzed. Thirty-day morbidity was assessed. Median (interquartile range) and frequencies are reported. RESULTS: We identified 71,694 bariatric surgery @entity1 ; median age was 45 years (range 36-54 yr), and median body mass index was 44.8 kg/m(2) (range 40.8-50.3 kg/m(2)). Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was performed in 39,480 @entity1 , laparoscopic adjustable band in 21,104, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in 3225, open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in 4243, duodenal switch in 1064, revisional surgery in 1182, and other procedures in 1396 @entity1 . Of these @entity1 , 95.2% had no complications. @entity344 was found in 441 (.6%), @entity1150 in 184 (.3%), and @entity1151 in 134 (.2%). These complications occurred 10 (5-15), 13 (7-20), and 11 (4-19) days after surgery, respectively. @entity344 and @entity1151 developed after discharge in 275 (62.4%) and 96 (71.6%), respectively. Only 35 (26.1%) of the @entity1 who developed @entity1151 had @entity1150 . There were no differences in @entity1 characteristics between the groups of early @entity1151 versus postdischarge @entity1151 . @entity1 diagnosed with in-hospital @entity344 were more @entity28 with more severe @entity262 compared with @entity1 with postdischarge diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of GILs and PEs after bariatric surgery occur after discharge. This finding goes against the routine use of contrast studies to rule out @entity344 . The risk of @entity1151 remains after discharge from bariatric surgery.

title: @entity1151 and XXXX following bariatric surgery: when do major complications occur?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal leaks', 'GIL']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal leak']