abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies indicate that angiogenesis is important in the pathogenesis of @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). Among the various @entity3052 , the bone marrow angiogenetic response is particularly pronounced in @entity2799 ( @entity2799 ). However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for this angiogenetic response are largely unknown. In the present study, we have explored the role of @entity13500 , a homeodomain transcription factor, as a possible mediator of the pro-angiogenetic response observed in @entity2799 . This transcription factor seems to represent an ideal candidate for this biologic function because it is targeted by @entity15629 -RARa, is capable of interaction with @entity15629 and @entity15629 -RARa, and acts as a regulator of the angiogenetic response. METHODS: We used various cellular systems of @entity2799 , including primary @entity2799 cells and leukemic cells engineered to express @entity15629 -RARa, to explore the role of the @entity15629 -RARa fusion protein on @entity13500 expression. Molecular and biochemical techniques have been used to investigate the mechanisms through which @entity15629 -RARa downmodulates @entity13500 and the functional consequences of this downmodulation at the level of the expression of various angiogenetic genes, cell proliferation and differentiation. RESULTS: Our results show that @entity13500 expression is clearly downmodulated in @entity2799 and that this effect is directly mediated by a repressive targeting of the @entity13500 gene promoter by @entity15629 -RARa. Studies carried out in primary @entity2799 cells and in a cell line model of @entity2799 with inducible @entity15629 -RARa expression directly support the view that this fusion protein through @entity13500 downmodulation stimulates the expression of various genes involved in angiogenesis and inhibits cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that @entity13500 downmodulation by @entity15629 -RARa is a key event during @entity2799 pathogenesis.

title: @entity15629 -RAR alpha induces the downmodulation of XXXX : a key event responsible for the induction of an angiogenetic response.

entities_list: @entity2799 :: ('MESH:D015473', 'Disease') :: ['APL', 'acute promyelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemias', 'AMLs']

answer: @entity13500 :: (3087,Gene) :: ['HHEX']


abstract: B-cell receptor signaling contributes to apoptosis resistance in @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ), limiting the efficacy of current therapeutic approaches. In this study, we investigated the expression of spleen @entity669 kinase ( @entity10255 ), a key component of the B-cell receptor signaling pathway, in @entity1072 and its role in apoptosis. Gene expression profiling identified enhanced expression of @entity10255 and downstream pathways in @entity1072 compared with healthy B cells. Immunoblotting showed increased expression and phosphorylation of @entity10255 , @entity27420 ), signal transducers and activators of transcription 3, and @entity3962 in @entity1072 compared with healthy B cells, suggesting enhanced activation of these mediators in @entity1072 . @entity10255 inhibitors reduced phosphorylation of @entity10255 downstream targets and induced apoptosis in primary @entity1072 cells. With respect to prognostic factors, @entity10255 inhibitors exerted stronger cytotoxic effects in unmutated and @entity6755 (+) cases. Cytotoxic effects of @entity10255 inhibitors also associated with @entity10255 protein expression, potentially predicting response to therapy. Combination of @entity3118 with @entity10255 Inhibitor II or R406 increased @entity137 compared with @entity3118 therapy alone. We observed no stroma-contact-mediated drug resistance for @entity10255 inhibitors as described for @entity3118 treatment. @entity2936 ligation further enhanced efficacy of @entity10255 inhibition. Our data provide mechanistic insight into the recently observed therapeutic effects of the @entity10255 inhibitor R406 in @entity1072 . Combination of @entity10255 inhibitors with @entity3118 might be a novel treatment option particularly for @entity1072 @entity1 with poor prognosis and should be further evaluated in clinical trials.

title: Spleen XXXX kinase is overexpressed and represents a potential therapeutic target in @entity1072 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3962 :: ('5594;5595', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: Sixty-three @entity1 out of a total of 199 @entity1 seen with @entity17096 during a 7-year period were included in this study. Culture was positive in only four, and the diagnosis was based on clinical examination, tuberculin reaction, histopathology, and response to antitubercular therapy. Forty had @entity17097 ( @entity17097 ) and 23 @entity17096 ( @entity17096 ). The lower half of the body was predominantly affected in those with @entity17097 , and keratotic and @entity1184 forms were frequently encountered. @entity17097 planus mainly affected the face. Ulcerative and @entity17097 were infrequent. Extensive lesions in three @entity1 led to disfiguring scars and @entity1159 . @entity17096 often involved the cervical group of lymph nodes followed by the inguinal, submandibular, and axillary groups. As compared to skin @entity378 in adults, regional lymph node involvement in @entity17097 was more common, and a combination of both @entity17097 and @entity17096 was less frequent in @entity1 . No difference in clinical presentation could be detected between the BCG vaccinated and unvaccinated @entity1 . @entity281 either in the lungs or the bones was present in eight @entity1 . An @entity645 test done in five @entity1 with widespread lesions was negative. Irregular therapy or late diagnosis leading to serious complications, inadequate parental or community support, and lack of awareness among practitioners are the problems to be remedied.

title: A study of @entity17096 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculous infection']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contractures']

entities_list: @entity17097 :: ('MESH:D008177', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic types of LV', 'lupus vulgaris', 'LV']

entities_list: @entity17096 :: ('MESH:D014382', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous tuberculosis', 'scrofuloderma', 'SD', 'Scrofuloderma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: This study was provided biochemical findings on ascitic fluid following the treatment of @entity1 with @entity43 . The results were as follows: LDH and LDH isozyme. The ascitic fluid from @entity1 with @entity2971 showed an LDH1 value of 38.8% with an H/M ratio of 2.82, which were significantly higher than those found in the @entity5 group (LDH1, 15.2%: H/M ratio, 1.05). In cases of @entity420 , the LDH5 value was 27.2%, compared to 15.7% in cases of @entity5 . Of 28 @entity1 with @entity420 , 15 @entity1 (53.6%) were positive for this elevation. The decline in total LDH activity and elevation of H/M ratio were observed as a general tendency in @entity1 satisfactorily responding to treatment. ALP and ALP isozyme. The @entity5 group displayed higher values for both @entity731 and HSAP in ascitic fluid, as compared with the @entity5 group. In the @entity5 group, alpha 2 and alpha 2-beta regions were prominent in the isozyme pattern and the isozymes of the same regions remained even after inactivation by heat. The total activity decreased significantly in the responders to treatment. TP, @entity6417 , alpha 1-AG, @entity5843 and IgG. The ascitic fluid levels of @entity6417 , @entity5843 and IgG did not significantly differ among the group of @entity1 with @entity2971 , the group of @entity1 with @entity43 and the group of @entity1 with @entity5 . In the @entity420 group the @entity6417 and @entity5843 levels were higher than those in the @entity5 group. The ascitic fluid alpha 1-AG level and alpha 1-AG/TP ratio were elevated in @entity5 of germ cell origin and in @entity420 ; they tended to correlate with the degree of @entity5 . The results of the present study suggest that simultaneous measurement of the ascitic fluid levels of LDH isozymes, ALP isozymes, @entity6417 , @entity5843 and IgG may play a potential adjunctive role in providing information for diagnostic differentiation between benign and malignancy, estimation of the histologic type and extent of @entity5 , evaluation of the therapeutic response and prediction of the clinical progress.

title: [Biochemical activity in peritoneal effusion of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian gonadal stroma', 'ovarian tumors']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy of the tumor', 'tumors', 'benign tumor', 'benign tumors', 'malignant tumor', 'neoplastic growth']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['total ALP activity']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian malignancy']


abstract: The possible role of displaced neurotransmitter @entity934 (ACHh) in dysautoregulation was examined after experimental regional @entity385 was produced by occluding the @entity2500 . Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured after intracarotid injection of 133Xenon using the gamma camera. Autoregulation was tested with @entity6997 or @entity7774 infusion and the autoregulation index (A.I.) was calculated. Acetylcholinesterase (ACHhE) was measured in brain tissue of noninfarcted and infarcted hemispheres. Cerebral arteriovenous (A-V) differences for cholinesterase (ChE) were also measured. Regional dysautoregulation was found in infarcted gray matter and correlated with increased @entity10810 levels in the same zones of cortex and basal ganglia. The time course of onset of dysautoregulation correlated with increased ChE uptake by the brain. Intravenous infusion of the cholinergic neurotransmitter blocker, @entity5591 , restored autoregulation to the ischemic zones. Autoregulation appears to be a myogenic reflex, influenced by neurogenic and metabolic mechanisms.

title: Disordered cholinergic neurotransmission and dysautoregulation after acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6997 :: ('MESH:D008680', 'Chemical') :: ['metaraminol']

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery (MCA) in babons']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['cerebral infarction']


abstract: Antenatal @entity134 administration is associated with multiple cardiometabolic alterations, including @entity101 ; however, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are unclear. The aim of the present study was to ascertain, in vivo, the contribution of the endothelin system to the development of @entity101 in the adult offspring and the signaling pathway involved. Pregnant @entity742 were treated with two doses of @entity5935 (n = 23) or vehicle (n = 22) at 80 days (~0.55) gestation and allowed to deliver at term. Adult @entity742 were chronically instrumented under general anesthesia to place vascular catheters and a femoral artery flow probe. Blood pressure and flow were recorded continuously, and femoral artery vascular resistance was calculated before and during administration of @entity21898 ( @entity21898 ). Selective blockers ( @entity592 , @entity11344 , @entity4571 ) or saline were administered simultaneously. @entity5935 -exposed animals exhibited a significant elevation in mean blood pressure (female: 98    1.8 vs. 92    2.1; males: 97    3.4 vs. 90    2.3; mmHg; P < 0.05). @entity21898 elicited a significant increase in blood pressure (F = 56.4; P < 0.001) and in vascular resistance (F = 44.3; P < 0.001) in all groups. A @entity5935 effect in the vascular resistance response to @entity21898 (F = 25.7; P < 0.001) was present in females only, and the effect was partially blunted by @entity4571 (F = 6.6; P < 0.01). Combined administration of @entity4571 and @entity11344 , as well as of @entity592 abolished the @entity5935 effect on vascular resistance. No significant differences in mRNA expression of @entity21897 or ET(B) in endothelial or smooth muscle cells of resistance-size arteries were observed. We conclude that the @entity5935 effect on vascular resistance is mediated by an enhanced response to @entity21898 through @entity21897 receptor via the cyclic ADPR/ @entity8452 pathway.

title: Antenatal @entity5935 has a sex-dependent effect on the in vivo response to endothelin in adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['Betamethasone', 'betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity592 :: ('MESH:D003620', 'Chemical') :: ['dantrolene']

entities_list: @entity4571 :: ('MESH:D009536', 'Chemical') :: ['niacinamide']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: The experience of the Pediatric Surgical Service of the Materno Infantil University Hospital from M  laga on surgical treatment of the @entity1963 by means of a modified technique of Swenson and Rehbein operations is presented. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1992 and 2001 25 @entity1 were operated of a rectosigmoidectomy. Of them, 23 were diagnosed of @entity1963 , one suffered a @entity5584 and the other one presented with a @entity850 secondary to a previous rectosigmoidectomy. In all of them a transabdominal rectosigmoidectomy with coloanal end to end @entity254 by means of a circular intraluminal stapler was performed. In 10 of them (group A), a modified Rehbein operation with intraabdominal @entity254 was performed. In the remaining 15 @entity1 (group B), a modified Swenson operation with exteriorization of the aganglionic colon through the anus and extrabdominal @entity254 was performed. RESULTS: The postoperative course was evaluated by measuring the postoperative fasting time and the first spontaneous deposition. The medium hospital stay was of 9 days, nevertheless in 16 @entity1 (64%) was lower than 7 days. The @entity260 are presented. It consists in 1 @entity834 (4%), postoperative enterocolitis 1 case (4%) and transient @entity850 in 4 @entity1 (16%). All of them were treated with conservative treatment except one case of @entity850 which needed a sphincterotomy. CONCLUSIONS: The rectosigmoidectomy and coloanal end to end @entity254 with endoluminal stapler is a safe and easy to do technique to treat the @entity1963 allowing a deep rectal resection which is very difficult to achieve by manual suture. The @entity254 is located in and extraperitoneal position, with a minimum risk of peritoneal involvement in case of @entity834 . The @entity1 presented a fast recovery, a minimum of complications and good functional result.

title: [Rectosigmoidectomy and end to end coloanal @entity254 with mechanical stapler for treatement of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ["Hirschsprung's disease", 'Hirschsprung disease']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity5584 :: ('MESH:D012002', 'Disease') :: ['rectal angiodisplasia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic stenosis', 'stenosis', 'rectal stenosis']

answer: @entity1963 :: (MESH:D006627,Disease) :: ['Hirschsprung disease']


abstract: The present findings establish the lack of genetic restriction of the humoral immune response to sporozoites of @entity2637 , corraborating earlier observations that @entity19 of different strains can be protected by immunization with irradiated sporozoites. Most, if not all, anti-sporozoite antibodies are directed against the repetitive B cell epitope of the circumsporozoite (CS) protein. However, neither a peptide containing a dimer of this repeat (17.1), nor a peptide polymer containing multiple repeats induced an antibody response in @entity19 of different H-2 and different genetic backgrounds. A @entity375 -derived recombinant, containing the repeat domain and part of the surrounding @entity1472 and @entity1473 -terminal regions of the @entity2637 CS protein, induces very different levels of antibody in @entity19 of diverse H-2 haplotypes. H-2j @entity19 are high responders and the immunized @entity19 are extensively protected against sporozoite challenge. The lymph node cells of the H-2j @entity19 (but not from other strains) proliferated in the presence of peptide N, contained in the @entity1472 terminal region of the CS recombinant. Additional H-2-restricted T cell epitopes have been identified in @entity1472 and @entity1473 -terminal regions of the CS protein, and @entity19 of most of the strains recognized multiple T cell epitopes. Two peptides representing T cell epitopes were synthesized in tandem with a peptide representing the B cell epitope, and were assayed for T helper activity in vivo. The antibody response of @entity19 , primed by a single injection of sporozoites, was boosted very effectively by the administration of peptide N + 17.1 or peptide B-4 + 17.1. The B-4 T cell epitope is located in the @entity1473 -terminal region of the CS protein and is recognized by @entity19 of at least four different H-2 haplotypes. These observations demonstrate that the immune response to the CS protein of @entity2637 is not genetically restricted and that it contains several T cell epitopes, some of which can function as helper epitopes. In addition, they show that a synthetic sporozoite vaccine can boost the immune response to sporozoites.

title: Multiple T helper cell epitopes of the circumsporozoite protein of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

entities_list: @entity2637 :: ('5821', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium berghei', 'P. berghei']

answer: @entity2637 :: (5821,Species) :: ['Plasmodium berghei']


abstract: The significance of @entity999 to the spleen is inferred by the frequency of @entity999 in general seen in @entity1 with left-sided @entity884 who are referred for valve replacement. To determine the proper management of @entity1188 and @entity733 due to @entity999 , we retrospectively reviewed the records of 108 @entity1 with left-sided @entity884 who underwent valvular surgery at the University of Illinois Hospital from 1980 through 1988. Intravenous drug abuse was the etiology in 68% (n = 73). The incidence of @entity1188 and @entity733 was 19% (n = 20), but an incidental finding of @entity1188 was found in 38% (n = 11) of 29 asymptomatic @entity1 who had computed tomograms. Streptococci and staphylococci were the causative organisms in 85% (n = 17). Localized findings were absent in 90% of @entity1188 and @entity733 . Abdominal computed tomograms were diagnostic of the sequelae of @entity999 in 100%. No @entity1 had @entity548 associated with cardiopulmonary bypass. Splenectomy was performed in 50% (n = 10) of @entity1 3-24 days (mean, 11.2 days) after valve replacement. Indications for splenectomy included persistent @entity295 in 60% (n = 6), large (greater than 2 cm) and @entity1897 in 30% (n = 3), and @entity9440 in 10% (n = 1). Perioperative mortality of @entity1 who underwent splenectomy was 30% (n = 3). The following conclusions can be drawn: 1) @entity887 is common in @entity884 . 2) Abdominal computed tomography should be performed for all @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX in @entity884 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal bleeding complications']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['septic emboli', 'splenic septic emboli']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral lesions']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['Splenic septic embolus']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['splenic infarcts']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses', 'abscess']

entities_list: @entity9440 :: ('MESH:D013161', 'Disease') :: ['splenic rupture']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis']

answer: @entity999 :: (MESH:D020766,Disease) :: ['Splenic septic emboli']


abstract: During the past decades, many novel agents have improved response and survival of @entity1 with @entity1582 . Nevertheless, it remains challenging when they suffer relapsing. Thus, novel therapeutic agents are needed. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of a novel agent @entity13537 for @entity1 with relapsed or/and refractory MM. A systematic literature review identified studies for clinical trials about @entity13537 in @entity1 with relapsed or/and refractory MM. We searched studies published between January 2000 and December 2015 in Pubmed, Ovid, EBSCO and the Cochrane library. Random-effect pooled estimates were calculated for overall response rate and rates of common adverse effects. The results showed 11 clinical trials including 700 @entity1 with relapsed or/and refractory MM treated with @entity13537 were identified. The ORR varied between 0.08 and 0.67. Pooled analyses showed the results that the ORR was 0.45 (95% CI: 0.31-0.59, I(2)   =   90.5%, P   =   0.000) for @entity13537 combined with any other kind of drugs. The most common Grade3/4 adverse effects were @entity882 , @entity1398 , @entity2905 , @entity417 , @entity294 , @entity1295 , @entity390 and so on. In conclusion, based on our analyses, the regimen of @entity13537 combining with other agents seems to be well tolerated and efficacious in @entity1 with relapsed or/and refractory MM.

title: Efficacy and Safety of @entity13537 in Relapsed or/and Refractory XXXX : Meta Analyses of Clinical Trials and Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity13537 :: ('MESH:C496932', 'Chemical') :: ['panobinostat']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['Multiple Myeloma']


abstract: AIM: To investigate in a prospective study the prognostic value of serum @entity1722 @entity3144 ( @entity3144 ) level in @entity1 with primary @entity0 overexpressing @entity1722 treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab. @entity1 AND METHODS: All the @entity1 treated for primary @entity0 with chemotherapy and adjuvant trastuzumab from April 1, 2005 to December 31, 2006 at the Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer de Haute Normandie were enrolled in this prospective study. @entity1722 @entity3144 was measured in frozen serum by a commercial kit with a cut-off value of 15 ng/ml. RESULTS: Sixty-five @entity1 were enrolled. Seven @entity1 (11%) had an elevated serum @entity1722 @entity3144 level (mean=25.1 ng/ml, range 15.1-38.9 ng/ml). During follow-up, 13 @entity1 (20%) developed @entity3 and seven @entity1 (11%) died. Death was related to @entity0 @entity3 in six @entity1 (9%). Out of the seven @entity1 with elevated serum @entity1722 @entity3144 level, five (71%) developed @entity3 and three (43%) died of @entity3 during follow-up. Multivariate analysis showed that elevated serum @entity1722 @entity3144 level was the unique factor for both disease-free survival (p<0.0006) and overall survival (p=0.008) in this series. CONCLUSION: Elevated serum @entity1722 @entity3144 level is a strong prognostic factor in primary @entity0 overexpressing @entity1722 treated with adjuvant therapy of trastuzumab. In addition, our results suggest that it could predict failure of adjuvant therapy of trastuzumab.

title: Elevated @entity1722 @entity3144 level in primary XXXX with @entity1722 overexpression predicts early failure of adjuvant trastuzumab.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity3144 :: ('MESH:C535509', 'Disease') :: ['ECD', 'extracellular domain']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term results after @entity544 laser treatment of @entity3854 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We evaluated 62 consecutive @entity1 with histologically verified @entity3854 admitted between 1985 and 1991. All @entity1 were treated with a @entity544 laser with an output of 15-20 W and a defocused beam. This treatment vaporized the macroscopically altered area of the glans penis. Phimosis and @entity850 were treated at the same session. Fifty-three @entity1 were still alive in 2004, and we were able to contact 50 of them (94%). The @entity1 were asked about recurrence of symptoms, any visible @entity546 and recurrence of @entity850 . All @entity1 who reported symptoms were invited to visit the outpatient clinic for further examination. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 14 years. At follow-up, 40 @entity1 (80%) had no local symptoms and no visible lesion. Ten @entity1 had minor symptoms but only two required further treatment. CONCLUSION: Long-term follow-up of @entity544 laser treatment of @entity3854 that the treatment is safe and gives good results.

title: Is @entity544 laser treatment of XXXX effective in the long run?

entities_list: @entity3854 :: ('MESH:D018459', 'Disease') :: ['lichen sclerosus shows', 'lichen sclerosus']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['meatal stenosis', 'superficial meatal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile lesion']

answer: @entity3854 :: (MESH:D018459,Disease) :: ['lichen sclerosus']


abstract: @entity2314 has been reported to be associated with ECG abnormalities. Thirty-two @entity1 with this disease followed in the University of Minnesota had ECG's and 15 had VCG's. An abonrmal rhythm was observed in two @entity1 on initial examination and four more developed abnormal rhythm on follow-up examinations. A short PR interval (120 msec. or less) was seen in five @entity1 . Thirteen others had a PR interval that was less than 140 msec. Conduction abnormalities involving the A-V node or His bundle or its branches were present in 22 per cent of the @entity1 , most frequently the @entity1757 progressing to the @entity714 . @entity2224 was seen in 60 per cent of the @entity1 , @entity4346 being the most common. @entity1619 changes with or without chamber enlargement were seen in 10 @entity1 . One @entity1 had an anterior @entity583 pattern on his ECG. Hemizygosity was found to be associated with significantly more abnormalities than heterozygosity. The severity of @entity8526 also increased with the duration of the disease process. Vectorcardiography in this study did not provide significant additional information other than that observed on the ECG alone. Since the pathology usually reveals myocardial fibers, conduction system, and blood vessels infiltrated with glycosphingolipid, it is believed that lipid infiltration is responsible for @entity8526 , @entity1283 , and other abnormalities. Although @entity2314 is rate, it may be amenable to therapy; therefore, recognition of cardiac involvement is important.

title: Electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic abnormalities in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['chanber enlargement']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular conduction defects']

entities_list: @entity2314 :: ('MESH:D000795', 'Disease') :: ["Fabry's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial or ventricular enlargement']

entities_list: @entity8526 :: ('MESH:C562490', 'Disease') :: ['conduction defects']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity2314 :: (MESH:D000795,Disease) :: ['Fabry's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity131 ( @entity131 ) is the most common surgical pathology associated with @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ). @entity131 is typically characterized by @entity28802 ( @entity28802 ) and reorganization of @entity7766 (NPY) fiber networks in the dentate gyrus. One potential cause of postoperative @entity410 recurrence following temporal lobe surgery may be the presence of @entity410 -associated bilateral hippocampal damage. We aimed to investigate patterns of @entity75 in a postmortem series as identified by NPY and dynorphin immunohistochemistry. METHODS: Analysis of dentate gyrus fiber reorganization, using dynorphin (to demonstrate @entity28802 ) and NPY immunohistochemistry, was carried out in a postmortem @entity302 series of 25 cases (age range 21-96 years). In 9 @entity1 , previously refractory @entity410 had become well controlled for up to 34 years prior to @entity204 . RESULTS: Bilateral @entity28802 or abnormal NPY patterns were seen in 15 @entity1 including those with bilateral symmetric, asymmetric, and unilateral @entity131 by conventional histologic criteria. @entity28802 and NPY reorganization was present in all classical @entity131 cases, more variably in atypical @entity131 , present in both @entity1315 and non- @entity1315 syndromes and with @entity410 histories of up to 92 years, despite @entity410 remission in some @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Synaptic reorganization in the dentate gyrus may be a bilateral, persistent process in @entity302 . It is unlikely to be sufficient to generate @entity410 and more likely to represent a @entity410 -induced phenomenon.

title: Bilateral reorganization of the dentate gyrus in XXXX : a postmortem study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Hippocampal sclerosis', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity28802 :: ('MESH:D004604', 'Disease') :: ['mossy fiber sprouting', 'MFS']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['MTLE', 'mesial temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Tear hyperosmolarity is diagnostic of @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ), yet difficulty in measurement has limited its utility; development of new instruments could facilitate its clinical application. This study compares the new OcuSense TearLab osmometer (OcuSense, Inc, San Diego, CA), based on electrical impedance "lab-on-a-chip" nanoliter technology, with the freezing point @entity308 Clifton Osmometer (Clifton Technical Physics, Hartford, NY). METHODS: Thirty-six subjects were recruited: 15 @entity2194 (9 @entity1 , 6 @entity1 age: 41 +/- 16 years) and 21 controls (12 @entity1 , 9 @entity1 age: 35 +/- 12 years); criteria for @entity2194 were noninvasive tear breakup time <10 seconds, Schirmer I test <5 mm, and positive symptoms. Samples were collected from the inferior tear meniscus for testing with both osmometers. RESULTS: Osmolarity values measured with OcuSense TearLab were 308 +/- 6 and 321 +/- 16 mOsm/L for controls and @entity936 , respectively, and those measured with Clifton were 310 +/- 7 and 323 +/- 14 mOsm/L for controls and @entity936 , respectively; these values were significantly different. Significant correlation was found between OcuSense and Clifton measurements (r = 0.904; P = 0.006). Bland-Altman analysis revealed agreement between techniques; the majority of points fell within the 95% confidence limits, and actual values differed by less than 1%. A cutoff value of >316 mOsm/L, derived from the distribution of osmolarity values, was used to diagnose @entity2194 with an effectiveness of 73% sensitivity, 90% specificity, and 85% positive predictive value for the OcuSense and 73% sensitivity, 71% specificity, and 65% positive predictive value for the Clifton in the study samples. CONCLUSIONS: Tear film osmolarity measured with the OcuSense TearLab system correlates well with the Clifton Osmometer. The new instrument has the potential to provide clinicians with a readily available clinically applicable measure, which could become the gold standard in @entity2194 .

title: Comparison of @entity1 tear film osmolarity measured by electrical impedance and freezing point XXXX techniques.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye disease', 'DED']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Video-assisted thoracoscopic bilateral pulmonary vein (PV) isolation with left atrial appendage (LAA) excision is a novel surgical treatment for @entity1 who have @entity955 ( @entity955 ) but no indication for open heart surgery. However, the electrophysiological mechanisms of the recurrent @entity4710 after this procedure are unknown. METHODS: Eight consecutive @entity1 with highly symptomatic @entity4710 after failed video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery were included in this study. A predetermined stepwise ablation protocol, aimed at termination of the @entity943 and isolation of all PVs, was conducted. The conduction across the remnant of the LAA was also evaluated in 4 @entity1 . RESULTS: Three @entity1 had @entity955 , which was converted into @entity1129 by complex fractionated atrial electrogram ablation in 2. Eleven sustained ATs in 7 @entity1 were mapped during the procedure. A majority of ATs (10 of 11) were terminated by ablation before PV isolation. In total, 10 PV gaps in 7 @entity1 were identified. All residual PV gaps were distributed exclusively in the roof or the bottom of the PV antrum. The conduction time across the remnant of the LAA was 90.7 +/- 11.5 ms. One @entity1 underwent a repeat successful ablation procedure. After a mean follow-up of 10.1 +/- 5.0 months after the last ablation procedure, 7 of 8 @entity1 were free of clinical @entity4710 . CONCLUSION: PV gaps are present, with a characteristic distribution, in the majority of @entity1 who fail this surgical procedure, but these gaps are not responsible for the @entity943 identified. Instead, most are macro-reentrant, isthmus-dependent @entity943 related to clamp-associated or LAA excision-associated scars.

title: Mechanisms of @entity943 recurrence after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for the treatment of XXXX : insights from electrophysiological mapping and ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachyarrhythmias', 'atrial tachyarrhythmias recurrence']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of @entity470 ( @entity470 )-targeted therapy in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of @entity1 with penile or @entity957 who had visited our tertiary @entity5 centre between 2002 and 2009, including their subsequent treatment and follow-up. We collected details of @entity470 -targeted therapy and clinical outcomes. Treatment-associated @entity74 ( @entity74 ), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), responses to therapy and @entity137 were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 24 @entity1 had received @entity470 -targeted therapies, including cetuximab, @entity3866 and @entity4562 . The most common treatment given (to 67% of @entity1 ) was cetuximab combined with one or more cytotoxic drugs. The most common adverse effect was @entity1910 (71%). The median (range) @entity74 and @entity1349 were 11.3 (1-40) and 29.6 (2-205) weeks, respectively. The @entity1349 time for @entity1 with visceral or bone metastases was significantly shorter than it was for those without (24.7 vs 49.9 weeks, P = 0.013). Among 17 @entity1 treated with cetuximab alone or in combination with @entity900 , there were four partial responses (23.5%) including two @entity1 with apparently chemotherapy-resistant @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that cetuximab has antitumour activity in metastatic @entity5 , and may enhance the effect of @entity900 -based chemotherapy. Prospective studies of @entity470 -targeted therapies in @entity1 with these @entity5 are warranted.

title: XXXX -targeted therapy in locally advanced or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the penis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['penile cancer', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'penile or scrotal cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['scrotal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['time-to-disease-progression', 'TTP']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['Epidermal growth factor receptor']


abstract: There is a need for an objective measure that describes normal resonance and @entity74 . The current standard of practice has not led to mismanagement but a refined objective assessment protocol will benefit a more precise objective assessment of velopharyngeal disorders. The purpose of the present study is to construct a nasality severity index (NSI) that reflects the multidimensional nature of resonance. Objective and subjective assessment techniques were used to determine the nasalance, the nasality and aerodynamic capacities in 21 @entity1 with @entity2419 and a control group of 25 @entity1 without @entity2419 . Stepwise logistic regression was used to determine the optimal index. The NSI consists of a linear combination of 4 variables, where each variable has a different weight. The equation is: NSI = -60.69 - (3.24 x percent oral text) - (13.39 x Glatzel value /a/) + [0.244 x maximum duration time (seconds)] - (0.558 x % /a/) + (3.38 x percent oronasal text). NSI sensitivity is 88% and specificity is 95%. Daily clinical use of the NSI has shown it to be an efficient and practical tool to describe the presence of @entity2422 . Three distinct follow-up cases are presented to illustrate the impact of a surgical technique, the use of a speech bulb and velopharyngeal biofeedback training on NSI. The implementation of the NSI may help clinicians to quantitatively assess the severity of @entity11766 beside the perceptual judgments.

title: The nasality severity index: an objective measure of XXXX based on a multiparameter approach. A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2422 :: ('MESH:C537724', 'Disease') :: ['hypernasality']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['resonance disorders']

entities_list: @entity11766 :: ('MESH:D009668', 'Disease') :: ['nasality disorders']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

answer: @entity2422 :: (MESH:C537724,Disease) :: ['hypernasality']


abstract: 1. The disruption of various types of tissue-culture cells by (a) incubation in solutions of 1.2 M- @entity653 and (b) transfer of the @entity653 -loaded cells to relatively hypo-osmotic solutions of 0.25 M- @entity969 was studied. 2. Bivalent cations (2mM-Mg2+) were generally included to preserve the nuclei, but some cells (polyoma-virus-transformed baby-hamster kidney cells) failed to be disrupted adequately under these conditions. 3. Other cells ( @entity19 -embryo fibroblasts) required additional gentle Dounce homogenization to effect complete cell breakage. 4. Purification of the whole homogenate was carried out by a combination of differential centrifugation and sedimentation or flotation through @entity969 gradients. 5. Enzyme analysis showed that plasma-membrane, endoplasmic-reticulum and mitochondrial fractions were obtained in good yield and purity.

title: Tissue-culture cell fractionation. Fractionation of membranes from tissue-culture cells homogenized by XXXX -induced lysis.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

answer: @entity653 :: (MESH:D005990,Chemical) :: ['glycerol']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Studies of long-term outcome of the @entity3702 ( @entity3702 ) are scarce, but they usually indicate poor outcome. OBJECTIVES: To describe long-term outcome of a @entity1 having sustained a @entity3702 , to ascertain possible delayed sequelae and to discuss medicolegal issues. METHODS: We report a single case study of a @entity1 having sustained a @entity3702 , illustrating the initial clinical features, the neurological, cognitive and behavioural outcomes as well as her social integration. RESULTS: The @entity1 sustained @entity1545 , responsible for @entity1158 leading to secondary orthopaedic consequences, as well as severe @entity73 , worsening over time: the developmental quotient measured at 15 months of age was 55 and worsened as age increased. At 6 years and 8 months, the @entity1 's IQ had fallen to 40. @entity74 became apparent only after several months and precluded any social integration. The @entity1 eventually had to be placed in a specialised education centre at age 5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The @entity3702 has a very poor outcome and major long-standing sequelae are frequent. Cognitive or behavioural sequelae can become apparent only after a long sign-free interval, due to increasing demands placed on the @entity1 during development. This case report confirms severity of early @entity75 and necessity for an extended follow-up by a multi-disciplinary team. From a medicolegal point of view, signaling the @entity1 to legal authorities allows protection of the @entity1 , but also conditions later compensation if sequelae compromise autonomy.

title: Long-term outcome of the XXXX and medicolegal consequences: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['spastic right hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity3702 :: ('MESH:D038642', 'Disease') :: ['SBS', 'shaken baby syndrome']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Behavioural disorders']

answer: @entity3702 :: (MESH:D038642,Disease) :: ['shaken baby syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the sonographic features of @entity130 after neck dissection. METHODS: This study included 8 @entity1 whose ages ranged from 36-69 years (mean, 49 years). In all cases, @entity130 were incidentally detected at neck sonography for evaluation of suspected recurrence of well-differentiated @entity1377 of the thyroid. All sonograms and medical records were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: This study covered 8 cases in which @entity130 were diagnosed by clinical, laboratory, @entity400 ( @entity400 ), and other imaging modalities. None of the @entity1 had clinical signs of @entity2950 , which were, incidentally, discovered by neck sonography. A noticeable sonographic feature in all cases was an isoechoic mass with internal parallel heterogeneous hyperechogenicity. All @entity1 complained of severe @entity158 during @entity400 . The cytological results of 2 @entity1 showed fragments of nerve tissue. The remaining 6 FNABs were nondiagnostic. @entity3745 (Tg) levels in washout fluids from @entity400 of all @entity1 were <0.2 ng/mL, indicating nonthyroidal origin. CONCLUSION: Distinctive sonographic features, sharp @entity158 during @entity400 , and low Tg levels in @entity400 washout fluid can help to diagnose @entity130 without surgery.

title: Sonographic features of XXXX after neck dissection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['fine-needle aspiration biopsy', 'FNAB']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic neuromas']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['traumatic neuromas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A previous phase 3 study showed significant improvement in walking ability in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 treated with oral, extended-release @entity974 ( @entity973 ) 10mg twice daily. The current study was designed to confirm efficacy and further define safety and pharmacodynamics. METHODS: This was a 39-center, double-blind trial in @entity1 with definite @entity15 of any course type. @entity1 were randomized to 9 weeks of treatment with @entity974 (10mg twice daily; n = 120) or placebo (n = 119). Response was defined as consistent improvement on the Timed 25-Foot Walk, with percentage of timed walk responders (TWRs) in each treatment group as the primary outcome. The last on-treatment visit provided data from 8 to 12 hours postdose, to examine maintenance of effect. RESULTS: One @entity1 from each group was excluded from the modified Intention to Treat population. The proportion of TWRs was higher in the @entity974 group (51/119 or 42.9%) compared to the placebo group (11/118 or 9.3%, p < 0.0001). The average improvement in walking speed among @entity974 -treated TWRs during the 8-week efficacy evaluation period was 24.7% from baseline (95% confidence interval, 21.0-28.4%); the mean improvement at the last on-treatment visit was 25.7%, showing maintenance of effect over the interdosing period. There were no new safety findings. INTERPRETATION: This interventional study provides class 1 evidence that @entity974 extended-release tablets produce clinically meaningful improvement in walking ability in a subset of @entity1 with @entity15 , with the effect maintained between doses.

title: A phase 3 trial of extended release oral XXXX in @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity974 :: ('CHEBI:34385', 'Chemical') :: ['dalfampridine']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

answer: @entity974 :: (CHEBI:34385,Chemical) :: ['dalfampridine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) is diagnosed late, because radiographs of the @entity2720 often do not show definite @entity6592 at the time of disease onset. The aim of this study was to investigate whether @entity1 without definite radiographically defined @entity6592 , referred to as nonradiographic @entity24099 ( @entity24099 ), are different from @entity1 with @entity1691 with regard to clinical manifestations and disease activity measures. Moreover, we sought to identify determinants of the development of @entity6592 . METHODS: In a cross-sectional analysis of 462 @entity1 , we compared 226 @entity1 with nonradiographic axial @entity24099 (symptom duration < or =5 years) and 236 @entity1 with @entity1691 (symptom duration < or =10 years) who are @entity1 in the @entity33343 Inception Cohort. Radiographs of the @entity2720 and the spine were assessed by 2 readers in a blinded manner. Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify parameters associated with structural damage. RESULTS: The 2 groups did not differ in the frequency of @entity1530 positivity, @entity615 , @entity625 , @entity4932 , and @entity1596 and had similar levels of disease activity, using measures such as the Bath @entity1691 Activity Index. In both groups, @entity1530 positivity determined the age at disease onset. Male sex (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.38, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.19-4.73 [P = 0.014]) and an elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) level (adjusted OR 1.85, 95% CI 0.96-3.56 [P = 0.066]) were associated with @entity6592 . In @entity1 with @entity1691 , male sex and an elevated CRP level were also associated with the presence of syndesmophytes. CONCLUSION: Clinical manifestations and disease activity measures are highly comparable between @entity1 with early nonradiographic axial @entity24099 and those with early @entity1691 , suggesting that these 2 entities are part of the same disease. Male sex and an elevated CRP level are associated with structural damage on radiographs, whereas @entity1530 positivity determines the age at disease onset.

title: The early disease stage in XXXX : results from the @entity33343 Inception Cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6592 :: ('MESH:D058566', 'Disease') :: ['radiographic sacroiliitis', 'sacroiliitis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity33343 :: ('MESH:C562543', 'Disease') :: ['German Spondyloarthritis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['enthesitis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory back pain']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease', 'Ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliac joints']

entities_list: @entity24099 :: ('MESH:D025241', 'Disease') :: ['SpA', 'axial spondylarthritis']

answer: @entity24099 :: (MESH:D025241,Disease) :: ['axial spondylarthritis']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the compatibility of ROCEPHINE   Intravenous, the original manufacturer's @entity2756 preparation for injection, and seven generic versions thereof, with various @entity12374 injection 2%. The influence of @entity460 ion concentration, storage time and shaking strength on the appearance and quantity of insoluble microparticles in mixed solutions was examined using a light obscuration particle counter. In all products, the observed number of insoluble microparticles was proportional to the @entity460 ion concentration, storage time and shaking strength after the addition of @entity12374 solution. In several of the generic products, the number of insoluble microparticles was significantly higher than those of the original product, while in others it was lower. We evaluated the quality of the original and 7 generic preparations, measured the content of impurity and pH of the various @entity2756 solutions, as impurity content and pH of solution are possible factor affecting compatibility. Three impurities were found in all products. The impurity content of several generic products, as estimated from their peak area on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), was significantly lower than that of the original product. pH of solution was difference between products. Although it was difficult that impurity and pH of solution verify critical factor affecting compatibility. The results show that there are differences in the appearance of insoluble microparticles between the original product and seven generic products, when @entity12374 injection 2% solution is added to the product.

title: Comparison between original and generic versions of @entity2756 preparation for injection: compatibility with XXXX -containing product.

entities_list: @entity12374 :: ('MESH:D002122', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium chloride']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone sodium', 'ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Forty-two cases with @entity3969 encountered in the National Taiwan University Hospital from 1978 through 1989 were retrospectively reviewed. Included were 19 @entity1 and 23 @entity1 , with an age range at diagnosis from 7 days to 10 years; a majority were in the first 6 years of life. The presenting symptoms and signs included: abdominal mass (89.2%), @entity101 (57.9%), @entity811 (28.2%), @entity344 (26.3%), @entity221 (24.3%), and body weight loss (21.6%). The initial laterality of @entity5 was 28 right and 14 left, with one contralateral and one ipsilateral relapse. @entity3969 (right inguinal lymph nodes) was encountered. Every case was confirmed by pathology. Histologic findings included typical @entity3969 (35/42), rhabdoid (3/42), anaplastic (3/42), and clear cell (1/42) types. The common sites of @entity3 were lung, liver and bone. Major complications during or following therapy were severe @entity3043 , @entity2616 , @entity295 or @entity55 , delayed wound healing and @entity5 rupture with @entity548 . Rare complications included irradiation @entity99 ( @entity66 ) and @entity1960 . There were 20 deaths. The causes of @entity204 were respiratory or @entity1578 due to @entity5 @entity3 , @entity295 and internal @entity548 . Mortality (19/20) usually occurred within two years after diagnosis and therapy. The two-year's relapse-free survival and two-year's survival rates were 51.2% and 53.7%, respectively.

title: Clinical observation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venooclusive disease']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["One extrarenal Wilms' tumor", "Wilms' tumor"]

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms' tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The open abdomen is a requisite component of a damage control operation and treatment of @entity8479 .Enteral nutrition (EN) has proven beneficial for @entity1 with @entity130 , but its application in those with an open abdomen has not been defined. The purpose of this study was to analyze the use of EN for @entity1 with an open abdomen after @entity130 and the effect of EN on fascial closure rates and @entity580 . METHODS: We reviewed @entity1 with an open abdomen after injury from January 2002 to January 2009 from 11 @entity130 centers. RESULTS: During the 7-year study period, 597 @entity1 required an open abdomen after @entity130 . Most were @entity1 (77%) sustaining blunt @entity130 (72%), with a mean (SD) age of 38 (0.7) years, an Injury Severity Score of 31 (0.6), an @entity3511 score of 3.8(0.1), and an @entity1661 Index score of 26.8 (0.6). Of the @entity1 , 548 (92%) had an open abdomen after a damage control operation, whereas the remainder experienced an @entity8479 . Of the 597 @entity1 , 230 (39%)received EN initiated before the closure of the abdomen at mean (SD) day 3.6 (1.2) after injury. EN was started with an open abdomen in one quarter of the 290 @entity1 with @entity130 . For the 307 @entity1 without a @entity130 , logistic regression indicated that EN is associated with higher fascial closure rates (odds ratio [OR], 5.3; p G 0.01), decreased complication rates(OR, 0.46; p = 0.02), and decreased mortality (OR, 0.30; p = 0.01). For the 290 @entity1 who experienced a @entity130 ,regression analysis showed no significant association between EN and fascial closure rate (OR, 0.6; p = 0.2), complication rate (OR, 1.7; p = 0.19), or mortality (OR, 0.79; p = 0.69). CONCLUSION: EN in the open abdomen after injury is feasible. For @entity1 without a @entity130 , EN in the open abdomen is associated with increased fascial closure rates, decreased complication rates, and decreased mortality. EN should be initiated in these @entity1 once resuscitation is completed. Although EN for @entity1 with @entity130 did not seem to affect the outcome in this study,prospective randomized controlled trials would further clarify the role of EN in this subgroup.

title: Who should we feed? Western XXXX Association multi-institutional study of enteral nutrition in the open abdomen after injury.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal Trauma']

entities_list: @entity8479 :: ('MESH:D059325', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['critical injury', 'bowel injury', 'bowel injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: Technical improvements in endoscopy have had a major effect in the practice of minimally invasive surgery, which is preferable to more invasive surgical procedures for central and hard @entity890 . Eleven @entity1 underwent surgery between 2002 and 2008. Data was collected from self-reporting questionnaires completed by the @entity1 at each visit before surgery and after surgery at 3,6,12 and 24 months. The questionnaires included in the study were the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire and a visual analog scale(VAS) for the evaluation of @entity158 . In all eleven @entity1 , the thoracoscopic approach was technically performed satisfactorily. There was a significant initial improvement in both the Oswestry score and the VAS @entity158 score at up to nine months(P<0.05). The average relative difference in the Oswestry and VAS score was not significant at 12 and 24 months. The complication rate( @entity358 ) in our small study was 18%, which compares favorably with the literature. Video assisted thoracic spine surgery (VATS) clearly provides a minimally invasive and effective alternative to open thoracic surgery. A surgeon must be familiar with the surgical anatomy and the endoscopic techniques to ensure an optimal surgical outcome. Hence, that is one limitation in the practice of thoracoscopic discectomy.

title: Thoracoscopic surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pleurisy and lung contusion']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic disc herniation']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['thoracic disc herniation']


abstract: Demonstrating the ability to 'copy' the behavior of others is an important aspect in determining whether social learning occurs and whether group level differences in a given behavior represent cultural differences or not. Understanding the occurrence of this process in its natural context is essential, but can be a daunting task in the wild. In order to test the social learning hypothesis for the acquisition of @entity1282 ( @entity1282 ), a self-medicative behavior associated with the expulsion of parasites, we conducted semi-naturalistic experiments on two captive groups of parasite-free, na  ve @entity831 ( @entity831 ). Individuals in the group were systematically provided appropriate stimuli (rough hispid leaves) identical to those used by @entity831 in the wild. Individuals initially responded in a variety of ways, ranging from total aversion to normal chewing and swallowing. Over time, however, the two groups adopted different variants for inserting and folding the leaves in the mouth prior to swallowing them (complete and partial @entity1282 ), following the specific method spontaneously displayed by the first and primary @entity1282 models in their respective groups. These variants were similar to @entity1282 displayed by @entity831 in the wild. Using the option-bias method, we found evidence for social learning leading to group-level biased transmission and group-level stabilization of these two variants. This is the first report on two distinct cultural variants innovated in response to the introduction of natural stimuli that emerged and spread spontaneously and concurrently within two adjacent groups of socially housed primates. These observations support the assertion that @entity1282 may reflect a generalized propensity for ingesting rough hispid leaves, which can be socially induced and transmitted within a group. Ingesting an adequate number of these leaves induces @entity1319 , which is responsible for the subsequent expulsion of particular parasite species in the wild. Cultural transmission and maintenance of @entity1282 within a group and associative learning by the individual of the positive consequences of this otherwise non-nutritive mode of ingestion is proposed to be the pivotal link between this feeding propensity and its maintenance as a self-medicative behavior by great apes in the wild.

title: Leaf swallowing behavior in @entity831 ( XXXX ): biased learning and the emergence of group level cultural differences.

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['increased gut motility']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['leaf swallowing', 'LS']

entities_list: @entity831 :: ('9598', 'Species') :: ['Pan troglodytes', 'chimpanzees']

answer: @entity831 :: (9598,Species) :: ['Pan troglodytes']


abstract: Prediction and control of the geographical spread of emerging pathogens has become a central public health issue. Because these @entity166 are by definition novel, there are few data to characterize their dynamics. One possible solution to this problem is to apply lessons learnt from analyses of historical data on familiar and epidemiologically similar pathogens. However, the portability of the spatial ecology of an @entity166 in a different epoch to @entity281 remains unexamined. Here, we study this issue by taking advantage of the recent re-emergence of @entity5695 in the United States to compare its spatial transmission dynamics throughout the 1950s with the past decade. We report 4-year waves, sweeping across the continent in the 1950s. These waves are shown to emanate from highly synchronous foci in the northwest and northeast coasts. In contrast, the recent resurgence of the disease is characterized by 5.5-year epidemics with no particular spatial structure. We interpret this to be the result of dramatic changes in patterns of @entity1 movement over the second half of the last century, together with changing age distribution of @entity5695 . We conclude that extrapolation regarding the spatial spread of contemporaneous pathogens based on analyses of historical incidence may be potentially very misleading.

title: Changing spatial epidemiology of XXXX in continental USA.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['other infections']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases', 'infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity5695 :: ('MESH:D014917', 'Disease') :: ['pertussis']

answer: @entity5695 :: (MESH:D014917,Disease) :: ['pertussis']


abstract: Intracellular recordings were made from 52 lateral horn neurones in thin slices of neonatal @entity35 thoracolumbar spinal cord. Of these neurones 12 were spontaneously active and the remainder silent. A number of these cells could be activated antidromically by stimulation of ventral roots. The conduction velocity of the antidromic potential was estimated to be 0.9-2 m/s which is within the range reported for axons of sympathetic preganglionic neurones (SPNs). The membrane properties of antidromically identified SPNs were similar to other lateral horn neurones included in this study and comparable to those reported for SPNs by others. Spontaneous burst firing was recorded in 3 neurones and activity in a further 5 neurones was characterized by the discharge of an action potential followed by an @entity841 ( @entity841 ) of peak amplitude 3-13 mV and duration 0.5-4 s. The @entity841 had an initial fast component (fAHP) which was sensitive to the @entity972 channel blocker @entity5128 ( @entity1041 ), and a second slower component (sAHP) which was both sensitive to extracellular @entity460 and @entity1041 . The effects of the selective excitatory @entity535 receptor agonists @entity1024 ( @entity143 ), @entity4176 and @entity14425 were investigated by superfusion of the agonists, at known concentrations (100 nM to 100 microM). These agonists induced concentration-dependent depolarizations which were primarily associated with a reduction in neuronal input resistance. @entity143 -induced depolarizations were potentiated in the absence of @entity1760 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Sympathetic preganglionic neurones in neonatal XXXX spinal cord in vitro: electrophysiological characteristics and the effects of selective excitatory @entity535 receptor agonists.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity14425 :: ('MESH:D016318', 'Chemical') :: ['quisqualate']

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity841 :: ('MESH:C537245', 'Disease') :: ['afterhyperpolarization potential', 'AHP']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity342 deprivation therapy (ADT) has been associated with a plethora of adverse effects, consistent with the @entity342 dependency of multiple reproductive and somatic tissues. One such tissue is the hemopoietic system, and one of the most predictable consequences of ADT is the development of @entity417 . Although @entity417 caused by ADT is rarely severe, ADT is often given to frail, elderly @entity1 with increased susceptibility to @entity417 due to multiple other causes. ADT-associated @entity417 may contribute to fatigue and reduced quality of life (QoL) in such @entity1 , although this requires further study. While @entity417 is an independent risk factor of mortality in @entity1 with @entity263 , it is not known whether treatment of ADT-associated @entity417 alters clinically important outcomes, or whether treatment affects mortality. Awareness of the phenomenon of ADT-induced @entity417 should avoid unnecessary work-up in mild cases of @entity417 . However, assessment and treatment of more severe @entity417 may be required. This should be determined on an individual basis. In contrast to the well-described actions of ADT on erythropoiesis, its effect on other hemopoietic lineages has been less well elucidated. While preclinical studies have found roles for @entity3800 in maturation and differentiated function of neutrophils, lymphocytes and platelets, the implications of these findings for @entity1 with @entity263 receiving ADT require further studies.

title: Hematological changes during XXXX deprivation therapy.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['anemia', 'normocytic normochromic anemia']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen', 'Androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: PURPOSE: To establish accuracy of real time noninvasive temperature measurements using magnetic resonance thermal imaging in @entity1 treated for high grade extremity soft tissue @entity242 . METHODS: Protocol @entity1 with advanced extremity @entity242 were treated with external beam radiation therapy and @entity221 . Invasive temperature measures were compared to noninvasive magnetic resonance thermal imaging (MRTI) at 1.5 T performed during @entity221 . Volumetric temperature rise images were obtained using the proton resonance frequency shift (PRFS) technique during heating in a 140 MHz miniannular phased array applicator. MRTI temperature changes were compared to invasive measurements of temperature with a multisensor fiber optic probe inside a #15 g catheter in the @entity5 . Since the PRFS technique is sensitive to drifts in the primary imaging magnetic field, temperature change distributions were corrected automatically during treatment using temperature-stable reference materials to characterize field changes in 3D. The authors analyzed MRT images and compared, in evaluable treatments, MR-derived temperatures to invasive temperatures measured in extremity @entity242 . Small regions of interest (ROIs) were specified near each invasive sensor identified on MR images. Temperature changes in the interstitial sensors were compared to the corresponding ROI PRFS-based temperature changes over the entire treatment and over the steady-state period. Nonevaluable treatments (motion/imaging artifacts, noncorrectable drifts) were not included in the analysis. RESULTS: The mean difference between MRTI and interstitial probe measurements was 0.91 degrees C for the entire heating time and 0.85 degrees C for the time at steady state. These values were obtained from both @entity5 and normal tissue ROIs. When the analysis is done on just the @entity5 ROIs, the mean difference for the whole power on time was 0.74 degrees C and during the period of steady state was 0.62 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS: The data show that for evaluable treatments, excellent correlation (deltaT < 1 degrees C) of MRTI-ROI and invasive measurements can be achieved, but that motion and other artifacts are still serious challenges that must be overcome in future work.

title: Accuracy of real time noninvasive temperature measurements using magnetic resonance thermal imaging in XXXX treated for high grade extremity soft tissue @entity242 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Randomized clinical trials have shown that the new oral anticoagulants have at least similar impact regarding reduction of @entity1031 events, compared with @entity1229 , with similar or improved safety profiles. There is little data on real costs within clinical practice. Our aim here was to perform economic analysis on these strategies from the perspective of Brazilian society and the public healthcare system. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cost-minimization analysis; anticoagulation clinic of Hospital Municipal Odilon Behrens, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. METHODS: @entity1 at the anticoagulation clinic were recruited between August and October 2011, with minimum follow-up of four weeks. Operational and non-operational costs were calculated and corrected to 2015. RESULTS: This study included 633 @entity1 (59% @entity1 ) of median age 62 years (interquartile range -49-73). The mean length of follow-up was 64    28 days. The average cost per @entity1 per month was   54.26 (US dollars). Direct costs accounted for 32.5% of the total cost. Of these, 69.5% were related to healthcare professionals. With regards to indirect costs, 52.4% were related to absence from work and 47.6% to transportation. @entity5424 , @entity3926 and @entity3925 were being sold to Brazilian public institutions, on average, for   49.87,   51.40 and   52.16 per @entity1 per month, respectively, which was lower than the costs relating to @entity1229 treatment. CONCLUSION: In the Brazilian context, from the perspective of society and the public healthcare system, the cumulative costs per @entity1 using @entity1229 with follow-up in anticoagulation clinics is currently higher than the strategy of prescribing the new oral anticoagulants.

title: Economic evaluation of the new oral anticoagulants for the prevention of XXXX events: a cost-minimization analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity5424 :: ('MESH:C522181', 'Chemical') :: ['Apixaban']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolic']


abstract: AIM: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anterior disk displacement and condyle position in volunteers free from clinical symptoms and signs of @entity2956 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bilateral parasagittal T1-weighted magnetic resonance images of @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) in 25 asymptomatic volunteers (age range 21-27, mean 23.4 years; 18 (72%) female and 7 (28%) male) were analyzed and metric measurements of disk and condyle position were investigated. Metric analysis of the position and relationship between the disk and the condyles were described using Kurita et al. method of measuring relative and absolute distances of reference points. On statistical data analysis, the left and right TMJs of each @entity1 were presented as two separate entities. The methods of nonparametric statistics were used. RESULTS: Anterior disk displacement was found in 5 (20%) asymptomatic volunteers (four of them female). Anterior displacement with unilateral reduction and anterior displacement without reduction unilaterally was present in two subjects each, whereas one volunteer had anterior displacement without reduction bilaterally. There was no difference in the calculated position of condyle between joints with and without disk displacement (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: This study evaluated the prevalence of asymptomatic anterior disk displacement in symptom-free healthy volunteers and the condyle position in the glenoid fossa. Displaced disk is the main cause of temporomandibular @entity158 ; however, studies in asymptomatic volunteers also suggest it to be an anatomic variant. The relationship between dorsocranially positioned condyle and anteriorly displaced temporomandibular joint disk is a controversial issue. Metric analyses were only made in parasagittal plane. CONCLUSION: There was difference in the calculated disk position between joints with and without disk displacement, but this study found no difference in the calculated condyle positions according to the presence or absence of disk displacement.

title: [Metric analysis of temporomandibular joint in asymptomatic XXXX by magnetic resonance imaging].

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joints']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: The distinction of complex atypical @entity1869 from @entity1204 is often problematic. Foci of back-to-back arrangement of glands or foci of cribriform arrangement of glands smaller than 2.1 mm in diameter are considered insufficient for the diagnosis of @entity1204 by some authors, and sufficient to be diagnosed as @entity1204 by other authors. We refer to these foci as @entity1204 in situ. In this study, we evaluated findings in subsequent hysterectomy in complex atypical @entity1869 @entity1 with and without @entity15709 . Follow-up findings, including the presence or absence of @entity1204 in the hysterectomy specimen, the grade of the @entity189 and the depth of myometrial invasion were analyzed. Of the total 87 @entity1 with complex atypical @entity1869 , 33 @entity1 had @entity15709 and 54 lacked @entity15709 . Of 33 @entity1 22 (66%) with @entity15709 had @entity1204 on subsequent hysterectomy vs 13 of 54 (24%) @entity1 without @entity15709 (P=0.0001). Myoinvasive @entity1204 was present in 20 of 33 (61%) @entity1 with @entity15709 vs 8 of the 54 (15%) @entity1 without @entity15709 (P< or =0.0001). The depth of myometrial invasion in cases with myoinvasion was 24.5+19.4% in @entity1 with @entity15709 and 12.8+8.5% in @entity1 without @entity15709 (P=0.05). Among @entity1 younger than age of 50, 5 of the 7 (71%) with @entity15709 had @entity189 vs 2 of the 13 (15%) without @entity15709 (P=0.02). The likelihood of finding @entity1204 in subsequent hysterectomy in @entity1 with complex atypical @entity1869 is significantly increased if @entity15709 is present in prior endometrial sampling. @entity1204 in @entity1 with @entity15709 are far more frequently myoinvasive, and invade to a greater depth than @entity1204 seen in @entity1 without @entity15709 . Use of @entity15709 terminology could lead to improved management of @entity1 with complex atypical @entity1869 .

title: Presence of @entity1204 in situ in complex atypical XXXX is associated with increased incidence of @entity1204 in subsequent hysterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma', 'Endometrial adenocarcinomas', 'endometrial adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['myoinvasive carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity15709 :: ('MESH:D065311', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma in situ']

answer: @entity1869 :: (MESH:D004714,Disease) :: ['endometrial hyperplasia']


abstract: @entity19 mammary @entity5 virus ( @entity6584 ) is the major aetiologic agent of mouse mammary @entity5 formation. The expression of this virus is regulated by @entity134 hormones and cell type specific factors. The @entity377 sequence that controls the @entity134 hormone response has already been localized between -202 and -59 upstream of the start of transcription in the long terminal repeat (LTR) region of the proviral DNA. Through transfection experiments in three different cultured @entity19 cell lines (NIH3T3, NMuMG and GR), we have investigated which sequences in the @entity6584 LTR play a role in the cell type specific expression at the proviral promoter. We have identified two elements on the @entity6584 LTR from -631 to -560 and from -428 to -364 that have the potential to influence expression at the @entity6584 LTR promoter. The -631 to -560 element mediated a negative response in all the cell types we studied whereas the -428 to -364 element had negative effects in the @entity19 fibroblast NIH3T3 and the normal @entity19 mammary gland cell NMuMG but not in the @entity19 mammary @entity5 epithelial GR cells. The -428 to -364 element therefore contributes to the cell type specific expression at @entity6584 LTR promoter. We have also identified another regulatory element between -1094 and -739 that had a slight positive regulatory effect at the @entity6584 LTR promoter but greatly enhanced expression at a foreign promoter when present at this promoter in an orientation that is the reverse of its own orientation in the @entity6584 LTR. This orientation-dependent effect was only observed in the @entity19 mammary epithelial cells NMuMG and GR but not in @entity19 fibroblastic cell line NIH3T3. This element may be important in regulating the expression of neighbouring genes in a cell type specific manner. These results show that the @entity6584 LTR contains multiple regulatory elements necessary for the control of expression at its own promoter and the expression of neighbouring genes.

title: The long terminal repeat region of the @entity19 mammary XXXX virus contains multiple regulatory elements.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anatomic and functional observations suggest that the right ventricle (RV) can be analyzed in terms of its inlet, apical trabecular, and outlet components. Our study was designed to evaluate the regional adaptation of these components to different conditions of loading, with additional analysis of the surgical techniques used for primary repair. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied prospectively 45 @entity1 with @entity215 (age, 20.5+/-8.1 years) and 24 control subjects (age, 20.1+/-5.8 years). All subjects were studied by using cardiac MRI. End-diastolic (EDV), end-systolic ( @entity5778 ), @entity64 volumes (SV), and @entity9568 ( @entity9568 ) were determined for the overall RV and separately for its inlet, apical trabecular, and outlet components. The @entity1 had pulmonary regurgitant fractions of 33.2+/-11.1%, and RV peak-systolic pressures of 40.7+/-16.1 mm Hg. In controls, the apical trabecular component EDV was 51.5+/-11.1 mL/m(2) (54.3+/-6.8% of the total RV EDV), @entity5778 was 19.2+/-6.3 mL/m(2) (47.6+/-10.5% of RV @entity5778 ), and SV was 32.3+/-6.9 mL/m(2) (58.9+/-6.6% of RV SV), resulting in an @entity9568 of 63.1+/-7.7%. When considering all @entity1 , the apical trabecular component took up the greatest part of the overload, having an EDV of 76.5+/-18.1 mL/m(2), and an @entity5778 of 31.6+/-12.8 mL/m(2), reflecting an increase of 49 and 67% over controls, respectively (P<0.001). @entity9568 was 59.7+/-10.7%, and was maintained at control levels (P=0.132). In controls, the outlet had considerable ejecting force, with an @entity9568 of 54.8+/-9.1%, whereas it was decreased in the @entity1 with tetralogy ( @entity9568 =28.5+/-11.9%). There was significant increase of @entity5778 (P<0.001), but not of EDV, with @entity9568 decreased by 45% (P<0.001). The inlet was not significantly affected by overload. The surgical technique did not significantly affect any measured parameter for any component. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity215 , subsequent to surgical correction, the individual components of the RV respond in characteristic fashion to RV overload.

title: Functional analysis of the components of the right ventricle in the setting of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity9568 :: ('MESH:D054160', 'Disease') :: ['ejection fraction', 'EF']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']


abstract: AIM: Despite half of all @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity1 being over 65 and treatment being complicated by an elevated risk of iatrogenic hypoglycaemia, information about antidiabetic treatment is scarce in this age group. This prospective observational study compares @entity5735 -inhibitors ( @entity5735 -i) with @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ) in the real-life treatment of elderly @entity1 with @entity6 uncontrolled on @entity2449 alone. METHODS: Two treatment cohorts ( @entity5735 -i and @entity1697 , constituted on the basis of the GP decision of add-on therapy at the 1st visit) were compared after 6months. The primary objective was to assess the incidence of hypoglycaemic episodes in relationship with glycaemic control assessed by HbA(1c) level. RESULTS: Demographics and disease history were comparable between the two cohorts ( @entity5735 -i, n=931 and @entity1697 , n=257) at baseline. The incidence of hypoglycaemia/severe hypoglycaemia was significantly higher over 6months in the @entity1697 cohort (20.1%/2.4% vs. 6.4%/0.1%; P<0.001) whereas similar improvements were observed in glycaemic control with HbA(1c) down from 7.9% to 7.0% ( @entity1697 ) and 6.9% ( @entity5735 -i). The 7% target was reached without hypoglycaemia in more @entity1 in the @entity5735 -i than in @entity1697 cohort (59.7% vs. 45.5%; P<0.001). @entity1 in both cohorts who experienced hypoglycaemia more frequently had a pre-existing @entity2412 . The @entity1697 was more likely to be discontinued (6.6% vs. 1.6%; P<0.001). CONCLUSION: This large cohort study of elderly @entity6 @entity1 in France shows that the incidence of hypoglycaemia was three times higher in @entity1 prescribed a @entity1697 versus a @entity5735 -i after 6months while both treatments induced satisfactory glycaemic control.

title: Real-life comparison of @entity5735 -inhibitors with conventional oral antidiabetics as add-on therapy to @entity2449 in elderly @entity1 with type 2 XXXX : the HYPOCRAS study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['conventional oral antidiabetic drugs', 'COAD']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic complication']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity5062 isozyme has been reported to metabolize @entity2067 (1) in vitro, and the @entity32602 polymorphism in the @entity5062 gene has been associated with reduced @entity17105 metabolism and the need for a higher maintenance dosage in @entity1 receiving @entity1229 . OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of @entity32602 polymorphism on @entity1229 response during the induction phase. METHODS: @entity1229 -naive white @entity1 in whom @entity1229 was scheduled to be initiated with a target INR of 2 to 3 were enrolled into the study. On enrollment, a single blood sample for the genotyping of @entity5062 , @entity5060 , and @entity5058 was drawn. The international normalized ratio (INR) was followed daily during induction and twice weekly until stable anticoagulation was reached. The relationships between several markers of @entity1229 response during induction and @entity5062 polymorphism were determined. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 241 @entity1 (115 @entity1 ; mean [SD] age, 55.2 [19.4] years; weight, 79.5 [18.3] kg). Most of the @entity1 were carriers of the @entity5062 CC genotype (112 @entity1 ) or the CT genotype (104 @entity1 ). In carriers of the TT genotype (25 @entity1 ), INR >3 was >4-fold lower compared with that in carriers of the CC or CT genotype, suggesting that @entity1 with the TT genotype were less sensitive to @entity1229 during induction. Also in TT carriers, the extent of excessive anticoagulation was >10-fold lower than in the other carriers. Both of these findings had a nominal P value of <0.05. After adjustment for false discovery rate, none of the findings remained significant at a threshold q value of <0.05. Among CC carriers, the concurrent use of a statin was associated with a 1-mg/d reduction in @entity1229 maintenance dosage. No similar effect was noted in the CT or TT carriers, suggesting a possible genetic influence on @entity1229 -statin interaction. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary findings suggest that among white @entity1 treated with @entity1229 , @entity5062 polymorphism had a measurable effect on @entity1229 responsiveness during induction; however, the observed differences failed to reach the level of statistical significance. The possibility that the effect of statins on @entity1229 anticoagulation varies among carriers of different @entity5062 genotypes could not be excluded and should be evaluated further in a larger @entity1 sample.

title: Effects of @entity5062 polymorphism on response to XXXX during induction phase: a prospective, open-label, observational cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['warfarin']


abstract: In this work we examine the interaction between the 13-residue cationic antimicrobial peptide ( @entity860 ) @entity29878 ( @entity29878 , @entity17644 ) and model membranes of variable lipid composition. The effect on peptide conformational properties was investigated by means of CD (circular dichroism) and fluorescence spectroscopies. Based on the hypothesis that the antibiotic acts through a mechanism involving toroidal pore formation, and taking into account that models of toroidal pores imply the formation of positive curvature, we used large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) to mimic the initial step of peptide-lipid interaction, when the peptide binds to the bilayer membrane, and micelles to mimic the topology of the pore itself, since these aggregates display positive curvature. In order to more faithfully assess the role of curvature, micelles were prepared with lysophospholipids containing (qualitatively and quantitatively) head groups identical to those of bilayer phospholipids. CD and fluorescence spectra showed that, while @entity17644 binds to bilayers only when they carry negatively charged phospholipids, binding to micelles occurs irrespective of surface charge, indicating that electrostatic interactions play a less predominant role in the latter case. Moreover, the conformations acquired by the peptide were independent of lipid composition in both bilayers and micelles. However, the conformations were different in bilayers and in micelles, suggesting that curvature has an influence on the secondary structure acquired by the peptide. Fluorescence data pointed to an interfacial location of @entity17644 in both types of aggregates. Nevertheless, experiments with a water soluble fluorescence quencher suggested that the @entity2340 residues are more accessible to the quencher in micelles than in bilayers. Thus, we propose that bilayers and micelles can be used as models for the two steps of toroidal pore formation.

title: Effect of head group and curvature on binding of the antimicrobial peptide XXXX to lipid membranes.

entities_list: @entity29878 :: ('MESH:C402895', 'Chemical') :: ['tritrpticin', 'VRRFPWWWPFLRR']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

answer: @entity29878 :: (MESH:C402895,Chemical) :: ['tritrpticin']


abstract: We describe the clinical course of a 20-year-old @entity1 who suffered generalized @entity410 seizures with @entity2026 and @entity1269 of the right side. Computed tomography (CT) displayed a @entity75 with prominent perifocal @entity4 and only a little contrast medium enhancement. The completely removed @entity5 proved to be a primary @entity1893 consisting of T-cells. Only ten days after the operation the @entity1 once more presented a clinical deterioration. A nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) displayed an annular structure in the area previously operated upon, suspected to be an abscess. The second operation disclosed a large recurrence of the primary @entity784 extending diffusely into the white matter. On account of the rapid recurrence, a whole brain irradiation was started twelve days after the second operation. Four cycles of chemotherapy followed. Immunohistochemical studies of the anaplastic large @entity706 cells showed staining with the pan T-cell markers ( @entity5855 , CD3) and with the @entity5823 ( @entity5823 ) antibody. The B-cell markers (L26, @entity16600 ) were negative. The EMA (epithelial membrane antigen) was only partially expressed. Further investigation excluded the presence of systemic @entity706 manifestation. 24 months after the last operation the @entity1 remained free of symptoms. The last MRI displayed no evidence for the recurrence of a @entity706 . In reference to this unusual clinical course the few previously reported cases of the extremely rare primary cerebral @entity784 are reviewed.

title: Primary cerebral anaplastic T-cell- @entity706 (type XXXX ): review and case report.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['left postcentral lesion']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['postictal aphasia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity5823 :: (943,Gene) :: ['Ki-1']


abstract: Objective: The purpose of the study was to find the incidence and prevalence of @entity378 among the foreign-born in Iceland. Material and methods: The study material was obtained from (a) the National @entity1906 register and (b) the files of the Immigration Office on recidency applicants in 1995. Results: In 1975-1996 there were 32 cases of @entity1906 in the foreign-born out of a total of 468. The proportion of cases among the foreign-born rose significantly during the period (p<0.001). In 22 years the incidence of @entity1906 among the foreign-born was 18.0 but 8.4 among those born in Iceland (p<0.001). The incidence of @entity1906 in Asian-born was 173.7, or 21 times that among those born in Iceland (p<0.001). The second highest incidence (18.8) was in those born in North and South America. Tuberculosis usually appeared within five years of immigration. During 1995 the 559 applicants for recidence permit provided health certificates. Of these 363 had a tuberculin skin test (TST) and 42% were positive. The corresponding figure for those born in Africa was 68%, in Asia 58% and in East Europa 50%. Most of those with positive TST had a chest x-ray but also 23% of the others. 26.2% had neither a TST nor a chest x-ray but still received a health certificate. Only 33% of those positive received @entity21869 to eliminate @entity281 and 88% of these completed at least six months of @entity21869 treatment. Conclusion: A TST is an indispensable part of health screening for immigrants and also a chest x-ray when appropriate. Treatment of @entity281 should be used more often.

title: [ @entity281 and XXXX in the foreign born in Iceland.]

entities_list: @entity21869 :: ('CHEBI:6030', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazide']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['TB infection', 'infection']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']