abstract: BACKGROUND: In literature, the effect of the inflow boundary condition was investigated by examining the impact of the waveform and the shape of the spatial profile of the inlet velocity on the cardiac hemodynamics. However, not much work has been reported on comparing the effect of the different combinations of the inlet/outlet boundary conditions on the quantification of the pressure field and flow distribution patterns in stenotic right coronary arteries. METHOD: Non-Newtonian models were used to simulate blood flow in a @entity1 -specific stenotic right coronary artery and investigate the influence of different boundary conditions on the phasic variation and the spatial distribution patterns of blood flow. The 3D geometry of a diseased artery segment was reconstructed from a series of IVUS slices. Five different combinations of the inlet and the outlet boundary conditions were tested and compared. RESULTS: The temporal distribution patterns and the magnitudes of the velocity, the @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ), the pressure, the @entity551 ( @entity551 ), and the spatial gradient of wall pressure (WPG) were different when boundary conditions were imposed using different pressure/velocity combinations at inlet/outlet. The maximum velocity magnitude in a cardiac cycle at the center of the inlet from models with imposed inlet pressure conditions was about 29% lower than that from models using fully developed inlet velocity data. Due to the fact that models with imposed pressure conditions led to blunt velocity profile, the maximum @entity1642 at inlet in a cardiac cycle from models with imposed inlet pressure conditions was about 29% higher than that from models with imposed inlet velocity boundary conditions. When the inlet boundary was imposed by a velocity waveform, the models with different outlet boundary conditions resulted in different temporal distribution patterns and magnitudes of the phasic variation of pressure. On the other hand, the type of different boundary conditions imposed at the inlet and the outlet did not have significant effect on the spatial distribution patterns of the @entity551 , the WPG and the @entity1642 on the lumen surface, regarding the locations of the maximum and the minimum of each quantity. CONCLUSIONS: The observations from this study indicated that the ways how pressure and velocity boundary conditions are imposed in computational models have considerable impact on flow velocity and shear stress predictions. Accuracy of in vivo measurements of blood pressure and velocity is of great importance for reliable model predictions.

title: Influence of model boundary conditions on blood flow patterns in a XXXX specific stenotic right coronary artery.

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'pressure drop']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['WSS', 'wall shear stress']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e11013 Background: In a clinical trial of 722 @entity1 (pts) with locally recurrent @entity0 ( @entity0 ) solvent-based @entity1311 90 mg/m(2) was administered intravenously (IV) over 1 hr weekly for 3 weeks (wPac) followed by a week of rest (q3/4w) alone or in combination with bevacizumab ( @entity1493 ) 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks (q2w) (E2100 Trial). As compared with single agent, the combination had a greater median progression-free survival (PFS; 11.4 months (mo) vs. 6.11 mo, p < 0.0001) and overall response rate (ORR; 30% vs. 14%, p < 0.0001). METHODS: We reviewed data for 16 @entity1 : pts >= 20 years with @entity1722 -negative measurable @entity0 , ECOG PS<= 1 and no prior chemotherapy for @entity0 received @entity1493 10 mg/kg d 1 and 15 with wPac 90 mg/m(2), d 1, 8, and 15 q4w, as in E2100 trial. Coprimary endpoints were @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) and safety. Secondary endpoints included ORR (RECIST v1) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: A total of 16 @entity1 were registered and evaluated between June 2009 and September 2010. Median age: 68 (32-76); postmenopausal: 80%; baseline ECOG<2 100% of @entity1 . Metastatic sites were lung (45%), nodes (60%), liver (47%), pleura (35%), bone (47%). Two @entity1 (12.5%) achieved CR, 6 (37.5%) PR (ORR 50.0%) and 8 (50.0%) SD; the median follow up was 9 mo (range, 2.5-16.0), the median @entity1054 9.6 mo. The median survival was 20.3 mo and the probability of 1-year survival 71.3%. Main grade 3-4 @entity137 was @entity1398 (31.5%). A total of 115 cycles were administered (median: 6 cycles/ @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1493 -wPac combination in our experience showed high activity, similar to that seen in E2100 trial. No new safety signals were seen in this population.

title: @entity1311 with bevacizumab (PB) as first-line therapy for XXXX : Our experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic breast cancer', 'MBC']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['metastatic breast cancer']


abstract: @entity1 may complain of @entity158 at the injection site after subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of @entity1307 (EPO). @entity158 due to s.c. EPO into the thigh was evaluated in 60 hemodialysis @entity1 in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Identical volumes and concentrations (2000 IU in 0.5 ml) of @entity1391 -buffered epoetin-alpha (EPO-alpha ph), @entity1792 -buffered epoetin-alpha (EPO-alpha ci) and epoetin-beta (EPO-beta) were compared to 0.5 ml of 0.9% saline ( @entity2697 ), used as placebo. The @entity1 received the 4 injections at the same occasion. For @entity158 evaluation, a verbal scale ranging from no @entity158 (5) and a 10 cm ungraduated visual analogue score (VAS) (0 = no @entity158 , 10 = @entity158 ) were used. Treatment acceptance was assessed (yes/no) and expressed as a percentage of the population. Ranking of the preparations from 1 to 4 according to increasing local discomfort was performed. Median @entity158 scores and interquartile ranges were 1.0 (0-2) for @entity2697 , 0.0 (0-2) for EPO-beta, 1.5 (0-3) for EPO-alpha ph (p < or = 0.05 vs @entity2697 and EPO-beta) and 3.0 (2-4) for EPO-alpha ci (p < or = 0.001 vs EPO-alpha ph). VAS was 0.9 (0.5-2.5) for @entity2697 , 0.9 (0.4-2.4) for EPO-beta, 2.7 (0.8-5.7) for EPO-alpha ph (p < or = 0.001 vs @entity2697 and EPO-beta) and 4.2 (1.7-6.4) for EPO-alpha ci (p < or = 0.001 vs EPO-alpha ph). Treatment acceptance was 73% for @entity2697 , 78% for EPO-beta, 60% for EPO-alpha ph (p < or = 0.05 vs EPO-beta) and 32% for EPO-alpha ci (p < or = 0.05 vs EPO-alpha ph). Ranking was 2 (1-3) for @entity2697 , 2 (1-2) for EPO-beta, 3 (1-4) for EPO-alpha ph (p < or = 0.05 vs @entity2697 and EPO-beta) and 4 (3-4) for EPO-alpha ci (p < or = 0.05 vs @entity2697 and EPO-beta) and 4 (3-4) for EPO-alpha ci (p < or = 0.001 vs EPO-alpha ph). In conclusion, s.c. EPO-alpha ph is better accepted than s.c. EPO-alpha ci. However, s.c. EPO-beta is less @entity158 .

title: XXXX at the injection site of subcutaneously administered @entity1307 : @entity1391 -buffered epoetin alpha compared to @entity1792 -buffered epoetin alpha and epoetin beta.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['verbal pain', 'Local pain', 'pain', 'maximal pain', 'pain (0) to extremely painful', 'painful']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: Early intravenous thrombolysis has proven to be a safe and effective therapy for selected @entity1 with @entity64 ( @entity64 ). Nowadays, thrombolysis is usually delivered by neurologists in "hub" referral centers. However, only a few among eligible @entity1 actually receive treatment. Barriers to early administration of thrombolysis are represented by delays in presentation to referral centers, in-hospital and transfer delays, as well as changes in symptoms during assessment time. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and rate of thrombolysis provided in @entity341 ( @entity341 ) of a district hospital without @entity16 team. Consecutive @entity1 with @entity64 treated with intravenous thrombolysis were prospectively enrolled in this observational study, conducted between May 2010 and December 2013. The main outcomes evaluated were: mortality, symptomatic @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ), systemic adverse events, and neurological recovery. Secondly, all @entity1 admitted with @entity385 were retrospectively screened to assess the reasons for exclusion to treatment and the rate of thrombolysis delivered. During the study period, 43 @entity1 with @entity64 received intravenous rt-PA treatment. The mortality rate at three months was 9.5  % (4/43; 95  % CI 2.6-22.1) and total @entity1779 at any-time CT scan imaging was 18.6  % (8/43; 8.4-33.4). At seven days or at discharge, 35/43 @entity1 (81.4  %; 66.6-91.6) presented a neurological improvement and 46.5  % (20/43; 31.2-62.3) a complete neurological recovery presenting a normal NIHSS, while 9.5  % of @entity1 remained in steady conditions and other 9.5  % worsened (4/43; 2.6-22.1). Outcomes do not appear to be very different from those reported in SITS-MOST study cohort. Among the overall 732 @entity1 with @entity64 , 117 (16.0  %; 13.4-18.8) were eligible for age and arrived within the three-hour window of time, and the thrombolysis rate was 5.9  % (43/732; 4.3-7.8). Administration of rt-PA in an @entity341 setting without neurological specialized @entity64 unit seems to be feasible and safe after adequate training. Thrombolysis rate found seems to be favorably comparable with the national average in specialist @entity64 units. If such data were confirmed by studies of greater dimension, this may imply the ability to perform thrombolysis even in smaller centers without the neurologist, thus being able to treat a greater number of @entity1 in the times proven effective for thrombolysis.

title: Safety and feasibility of intravenous rt-PA in the XXXX without a neurologist-based @entity64 unit: an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic stroke', 'AIS', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency Department']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological stroke']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['Emergency Department']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to explore the clinical value of a step-wise application of @entity1667 (MP) compared to @entity619 ( @entity3784 ) in acute exacerbations of @entity1030 . METHODOLOGY: One hundred and forty-two @entity1 with an acute exacerbation of @entity1030 were divided randomly into two groups: 71 @entity1 were treated with MP and the other 71 @entity1 were treated with @entity3784 . Otherwise each group was given the same basic treatments: antibiotics, bronchodilators, @entity26 therapy as well as standard hospital care. The @entity1 in the MP group were given a tapering dose of MP for 7-14 days, and the @entity1 in the @entity3784 group were given a corresponding tapering dose of @entity3784 for 7-14 days. Then both groups were given a gradually reducing dose of oral @entity229 for 2-3 weeks. Two weeks before the @entity229 was tapered off, inhaled corticosteroid was introduced. The @entity1 ' symptom scores, physical signs, per cent predicted FEV1%, and arterial blood gases were monitored before treatment and after the seventh day of treatment. RESULTS: There was an obvious improvement in symptoms after 1-3 days in all 71 @entity1 in the MP group, with their wheezing being distinctly reduced or disappearing entirely. The maximum benefit that occurred in the MP group (90.14%) was considerably higher than that of the @entity3784 group (25.35%), P < 0.05. The predicted FEV1% in the MP group increased from 46.7 +/- 10.6 to 67.5 +/- 12.4, compared with an increase in the @entity3784 group from 50.1 +/- 7.6 to 58.9 +/- 10.8. The difference between the two groups was significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: An adequate and tapering dose of MP used in acute exacerbations of @entity1030 can relieve the inflammatory reaction in airways and reduce airway @entity2473 more promptly than @entity3784 .

title: A step-wise application of XXXX versus @entity619 in the treatment of acute exacerbations of @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity1667 :: (MESH:D008775,Chemical) :: ['methylprednisolone']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: African Americans have a higher incidence of @entity788 than do Caucasians for unknown reasons. Whether other clinicopathologic differences exist between these two groups is not known. This study was undertaken to compare the clinical, pathologic, and biologic findings for a group of @entity1 with a histologic diagnosis of @entity1124 of the usual type in a single institution. METHODOLOGY: We studied 410 @entity1 (166 African Americans and 244 Caucasians) with a histologic diagnosis of @entity1124 of the usual type and analyzed (a) the clinicopathologic characteristics of the @entity5 , (b) the immunohistochemical expression of biomarkers implicated in @entity788 (Fas, @entity12 , @entity1722 , @entity994 , @entity5438 , and @entity876 ), and (c) the presence and types of K- mutations at codon 12 as determined by polymerase chain reaction-mediated amplification. All elements of data were not available for all @entity1 . RESULTS: African Americans had significantly higher rates of @entity984 mutations to @entity4857 than did Caucasians (58% versus 22%, respectively; p = 0.015) and were less likely to have received chemotherapy (45% versus 70%, respectively; p = 0.001) or radiation therapy (34% versus 57%, respectively; p = 0.003). African Americans also had more frequent positive surgical margins than did Caucasians (56% versus 25%, respectively; p = 0.001), although mean @entity5 size was similar between the two groups (African Americans, 3.4 cm; Caucasians, 3.5 cm). Other clinicopathologic variables were similar between the two groups, including median survival (African Americans, 8.5 months; Caucasians, 10.1 months), 5-year survival (African Americans, 3%; Caucasians, 6%), and stage at presentation. Differences in biomarker immunoreactivity included less frequent Fas expression (4% versus 24%, respectively; p = 0.048) and a trend toward more frequent strong @entity1722 expression (39% versus 18%, respectively p = 0.11) in African Americans than in Caucasians. CONCLUSION: Although African American and Caucasian @entity1 had similar survival rates associated with usual type @entity1124 , there were differences in management and expression of biologic markers between these two groups. African Americans were significantly less likely to receive radiation therapy or chemotherapy than were Caucasians, which may assume more importance as treatment improves. At the molecular level, African Americans had more frequent K- mutations to @entity4857 than did Caucasians.

title: Clinicopathologic analysis of XXXX in African Americans and Caucasians.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinogenesis', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: We previously reported a Japanese family with early-onset @entity195 associated with @entity66732 @entity3666 ( @entity3666 ) mutation. There have been six @entity1 across three generations in this family. In the present report, we described the clinical course, findings with neuroimaging and results of genetic examination of @entity3666 and @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) in three of six @entity1 (II-1, III-1 and 2). The clinical course was common to all three @entity1 . @entity2414 , disorientation, @entity2730 , personality changes and perseveration appeared at early stages, whereas @entity1052 , @entity2045 and general @entity410 were recognized at advanced stages. CT disclosed mild @entity1010 in the temporal lobes at early stages and diffuse @entity1010 predominantly in the fronto--temporal lobes at advanced stages. SPECT exhibited hypoperfusion in the fronto-temporal areas at early stages and hypoperfusion in the fronto-temporal and parieto-occipital areas at advanced stages. The age of onset in six @entity1 demonstrated two clusters at age 53-55( @entity23348 ) and age 46-48(III-1 and 2). @entity3666 genotyping demonstrated that the heterozygous exonic missense mutation @entity66732 was confirmed in all three @entity1 . Regarding the @entity2204 genotyping, II-1(mother) was epsilon 3/epsilon 3, whereas III-1 and 2( @entity1 ) were epsilon 3/epsilon 4. These findings suggest the possibility that there might be a gene dose effect, since the age of onset ranged from 5 to 7 years younger in @entity1 who received epsilon 4 alleles from the father.

title: [A Japanese family with @entity195 associated with @entity3666 mutation: relationship between younger age of onset and XXXX gene polymorphism].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1052 :: ('MESH:D005862', 'Disease') :: ["Gerstmann's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['ApoE', 'apolipoprotein E']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity2730 :: ('MESH:D000647', 'Disease') :: ['amnestic aphasia']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["familial Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['Memory disturbance']

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['ApoE']


abstract: In freshwater aquaculture systems, @entity1678 is usually considered to be an opportunistic pathogen most often associated with secondary @entity2348 . Since 2009, the U. @entity6528 industry, especially in @entity739 , has been affected by mortality from a strain of A. hydrophila that has been acting as a primary pathogen. Tens of millions of pounds of catfish production have been lost as a consequence of this disease. This study used data from two whole-population farmer surveys to examine farm-level risk factors for two A. hydrophila outbreaks in foodsize Alabama catfish, one in 2009 (surveyed in 2010), and one in 2011 (surveyed in 2012). The response to the 2010 survey was 85% and the response to the 2012 survey was 82%. Univariate analyses were used to examine biologically plausible variables (farm size, pond stocking density, seine exposure, use of salt ( @entity1219 ) in ponds), and used categorical disease outcome and dependent variables. Farm size was included in bivariate analyses with the other variables, because it was a potential confounding variable. For both study years, the odds of an A. hydrophila outbreak were significantly greater for farms larger than the mean size (2009: mean=132 acres (53.4 hectares), odds ratio (OR)=8.2; 95% confidence interval (CI)=3.3-20.6, p<0.001; 2011: mean=116 acres (46.9 hectares), OR=5.3, CI=1.7-17.0, p=0.009). Compared with 42% of control farms, every case farm was seined by a commercial or processing plant seining crew in 2009. The bivariate analysis of the 2011 variable "average number of times each pond was seined per year" indicated that regardless of farm size, farms with ponds that were seined more than twice per year had a significantly greater odds of an A. hydrophila outbreak (OR=4.1, CI=1.2-14.4, p=0.02). For 2009, the results of the bivariate analyses of @entity2865 concentrations indicated that farms that had @entity2865 concentrations >135ppm had a significantly lower odds of experiencing A. hydrophila outbreaks (OR=0.2, CI=0.05-0.6, p-value=0.004). To achieve economies of scale, catfish farmers raise fish on large farms at higher stocking densities, but this practice may result in increased susceptibility to disease outbreaks. Producers should prioritize implementing biosecurity measures such as improved seining practices and other management practices to protect fish grown at high population densities. Further work will determine what the detailed seining protocols should include, and whether the use of salt, and at what concentrations, reduces the risk of A. hydrophila outbreaks.

title: Farm size, seining practices, and salt use: Risk factors for XXXX outbreaks in farm-raised catfish, Alabama, USA.

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity1678 :: ('644', 'Species') :: ['Aeromonas hydrophila']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['West Alabama']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity1678 :: (644,Species) :: ['Aeromonas hydrophila']


abstract: The neuropeptides @entity398 (OT) and @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ) are involved in social bonding in attachment relationships, but their role in friendship is poorly understood. We investigated whether @entity2608 ' ( @entity2608 ) friendships at age one predicted plasma OT and @entity1831 at two later time points. Subjects were 54 @entity2608 at the California National Primate Research Center (CNPRC). Blood was drawn during a brief capture-and-release in the home cage, and plasma assayed for OT and @entity1831 using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Separate linear mixed models for each sex tested the effects of dominance rank, age, sampling time point, housing condition, parturition status, two blood draw timing measures, and five friendship types: proximity friendships, play friendships, reciprocal friendships (a preference for a peer that also preferred the subject), multiplex friendships (friendships displayed in more than one behavioral domain), and total number of friendships. Females' number of reciprocal and play friendships at age one significantly predicted later OT; additionally, these two friendship types interacted with rank, such that high-ranking females with the fewest friendships had the highest OT concentrations. Friendship did not predict later OT levels in males, however proximity, play, reciprocal, and total number of friendships predicted males' plasma @entity1831 . Play and total number of friendships also tended to predict @entity1831 in females. Our results show that peripheral measures of neuroendocrine functioning in juvenile @entity2608 are influenced by early involvement in friendships. Friendships have an especially strong impact on an individual's psychosocial development, and our data suggest OT and @entity1831 as potential underlying mechanisms. Moreover, sex differences in the functioning of the OT and @entity1831 systems, and their relation to friendship, may have important clinical implications for the use of OT as a therapeutic, as well as informing the social context in which it is administered.

title: Early involvement in friendships predicts later plasma concentrations of @entity398 and vasopressin in juvenile @entity2608 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys', 'Macaca mulatta', 'rhesus macaques']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['Macaca mulatta']


abstract: The NTera2 (NT2) cell line is a homogeneous population of cells, which, when treated in vitro with @entity1968 , terminally differentiate into postmitotic neuronal NT2N cells. Although NT2N neurons transplanted in the acute (24 h postinjury) period survive for up to 1 month following experimental @entity131 ( @entity131 ), nothing is known of their ability to survive for longer periods or of their effects when engrafted during the chronic postinjury period. Adult male @entity35 (n = 348; 360-400 g) were initially anesthetized and subjected to severe lateral fluid-percussion (FP) @entity1545 or sham injury. At 1 month postinjury, only brain-injured animals showing severe @entity4934 received cryopreserved NT2N neurons stereotaxically transplanted into three sites in the peri-injured cortex (n = 18). Separate groups of similarly brain-injured @entity35 received @entity1 fibroblast cells (n = 13) or cell suspension vehicle (n = 14). Sham-injured animals (no @entity1545 ) served as controls and received NT2N transplants (n = 24). All animals received daily immunosuppression for three months. Behavioral testing was performed at 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-transplantation, after which animals were sacrificed for histological analysis. Nissl staining and anti-human @entity20482 ( @entity20482 ) immunostaining revealed that NT2N neurons transplanted in the chronic @entity130 period survived up to 12 weeks post-transplantation, extended processes into the host cortex and immunolabeled positively for @entity20099 . There were no statistical differences in cognitive or motor function among the transplanted brain-injured groups. Long-term graft survival suggests that NT2N neurons may be a viable source of neural cells for transplantation after @entity131 and also that these grafts can survive for a prolonged time and extend processes into the host cortex when transplanted in the chronic @entity130 period following @entity131 .

title: Delayed transplantation of @entity1 neurons following XXXX in @entity35 : a long-term graft survival and behavior study.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity4934 :: ('MESH:D019954', 'Disease') :: ['neurobehavioral deficits']

entities_list: @entity20482 :: ('24334(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['neuronal specific enolase', 'NSE']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['post-injury']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The drastic epidemiological transition has created a huge void in evidence with regard to the health statistics of elderly population. Data are sparse on the oral mucosal conditions prevalent among the elderly Indian population. This study aimed to review the oral biopsies reported in the institute over the last 21  years and to examine the trends in geriatric oral pathologies. METHODOLOGY: A total of 964 histologically confirmed geriatric (age ranging 50-97  years) @entity75 among 4000 cases reported were retrieved from the files of Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology of KLE VK institute, Belgaum, Karnataka commencing since 1992 till 2012. These cases were retrospectively evaluated for various parameters such as age, gender, duration, location and type of lesions. RESULTS: The geriatric @entity75 were seen to occur predominantly in @entity1 (65%), especially the sixth decade of life (47%). The most common location was the buccal mucosa (29%). The malignant neoplastic lesions accounted for the majority of the @entity75 (36%) followed by @entity1313 (27%), potentially malignant disorders (26%) and @entity5 , which formed a minor proportion of (11%). The @entity957 was the single most common geriatric lesion accounted. Gender and age-wise correlation analyses among the various lesion categories showed statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The study provides valuable information about major oral pathologies in our scenario that contribute to significant morbidity and mortality among the geriatric population. It also sheds light about the diseases that need to be targeted in future Indian public health policies and initiatives for geriatric care.

title: Diagnoses of 964 oral biopsies from XXXX aged over 50 years in Karnataka State, India.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['non-neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['geriatric lesions', 'oral lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: @entity1 with refractory chronic @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) have a significant risk of morbidity and mortality related to @entity548 . @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) cytotoxic therapy may produce remissions but entails risks related to myelosuppression. Hematopoietic stem cell support with lymphocyte-depleted grafts may accelerate hematologic recovery and concomitantly reduce repopulation by autoreactive immunocytes. Fourteen @entity1 with chronic @entity3039 , in whom multiple prior therapies including corticosteroids, splenectomy, intravenous immunoglobulin, and various cytotoxic or immunomodulatory regimens had failed, were treated with @entity2101 @entity786 (50 mg/kg/d) and autologous @entity1261 ( @entity1261 )-mobilized leukocytes depleted of lymphocytes by immunomagnetic @entity2280 (+) selection. There were no significant adverse events related to @entity1261 , intravenous device insertion, or leukapheresis. Treatment-related complications included transient @entity2335 (1 @entity1 ), @entity3556 (2 @entity1 ), @entity360 (1 @entity1 ), @entity1415 (1 patient), and antibiotic-responsive @entity1398 (all @entity1 ). The mean time to absolute neutrophil count (ANC) more than 500/mm(3) was 9 +/- 0.6 days. Eight patients experienced antibiotic-responsive @entity2259 . A median of 2 platelet transfusions was required for stem cell mobilization, intravenous catheter insertion, and apheresis and a median of 9 platelet transfusions was required during hematopoietic recovery. Six @entity1 obtained durable complete responses (platelet counts > 100 000/mm(3) without other therapy) with maximum follow-up of 42 months. Two additional @entity1 obtained durable partial responses (platelet counts significantly increased over baseline with reduced medication requirements and cessation of bleeding complications). This therapeutic approach is feasible for @entity1 with severe chronic @entity3039 , a substantial proportion of whom may obtain durable remissions. Larger controlled trials are recommended.

title: XXXX @entity786 with autologous lymphocyte-depleted peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) support for treatment of refractory chronic @entity3039 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['AITP', 'autoimmune thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic cystitis']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['gram-positive bacteremia']

answer: @entity2101 :: (MESH:C538394,Disease) :: ['High-dose']


abstract: The effects of @entity342 withdrawal and replacement were investigated in six @entity2746 and six hypogonadotrophic @entity1 with @entity6126 . A double blind cross-over design was used comparing @entity10551 (T.U., Organon International), 160 mg daily by mouth, with placebo. There was a significant effect of T.U. on all measures of sexual interest and behaviour. Sexual interest increased within the first week of T.U. administration, ejaculation usually returning within the second week. Behavioural responses were similar in the hyper- and hypogonadotrophic groups. The rise in plasma @entity251 during T.U. administration was modest, not reaching the normal range in several cases. 5 alpha @entity586 rose more substantially. There was a significant fall in sex hormone binding globulin, a rise in @entity53 and no significant change in gonadotrophin concentrations during T.U. administration.

title: XXXX replacement with oral @entity10551 in hypogonadal @entity1 : a double blind controlled study.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity2746 :: ('MESH:D013132', 'Disease') :: ['hypergonadotrophic']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity10551 :: ('MESH:C010792', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone undecanoate']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['Androgen']


abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness of infliximab (IFX) injection into sacroiliac joints (SIJs) of non-radiographic @entity1691 (nr-axial @entity11028 ) and its impact on clinical and MRI parameters of disease activity. Methods. Thirty-seven @entity1 fulfilling the Association of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria for axial @entity11028 were initially studied, with disease duration not exceeding 1 year and failed to respond to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Only @entity11028 having active @entity6592 on MRI without @entity1511 (number = 7) were selected to receive bilateral SIJ injection of 20 mg IFX. Follow-up MRI was done at 24 weeks post-injection. @entity1 were clinically evaluated before, and 12 and 24 weeks after SIJ injection. Evaluation included back @entity158 and stiffness scores, and Bath @entity1691 (BAS) Disease indices and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) levels. ASAS response criteria were also assessed. Results. Twelve and twenty-four weeks after injection, there was significant @entity615 , stiffness, and BAS Disease Activity and Global indices. BAS Functional index, @entity1851 , and mean bone marrow @entity4 score of SIJs were decreased without reaching statistical significance. All @entity1 achieved ASAS20 and five (71.4%) achieved ASAS40. Conclusion. SIJ injection of IFX could be a therapeutic option in early nr-axial @entity11028 who failed to respond to NSAIDs.

title: Local infliximab injection of sacroiliac joints in non-radiographic XXXX : Impact on clinical and magnetic resonance imaging parameters of disease activity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6592 :: ('MESH:D058566', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliitis']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in back pain']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['axial spondyloarthritis', 'Ankylosing Spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['axial spondyloarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Quality of life (QOL) issues are of interest in @entity5 because effective methods of treatment and detection have led to an increase in the number of long-term survivors. The objectives of the study were: to assess the subjective QOL of stable Sudanese @entity1 @entity5 outpatients and their family caregivers, using the WHO 26-item QOL Instrument; compare with matched general population groups, as well as @entity6 and @entity146 @entity1 groups; examine @entity1 -caregiver concordance in ratings; and assess the variables associated with their QOL, with a view to identifying factors that can enhance quality of care. METHODS: Responses of oncology outpatients with @entity0 (117), cervical @entity43 (18) (aged 44.6, SD 11.5) were compared with those of their family caregivers and matched general population groups. Data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate statistics. RESULTS: The @entity5 groups had similar QOL domain scores, which were significantly lower than those of their caregivers, but higher than the control group as well as those of @entity146 and @entity6 @entity1 studied previously. @entity1 who were married, with higher education, better employment, and with longer duration of illness had higher QOL. @entity1 on radiotherapy and their caregivers had higher QOL scores. Correlations between @entity1 's ratings and caregiver impression of @entity1 's QOL were high. Caregiver impression was a significant predictor of @entity1 's and caregiver's QOL. Other predictors for the @entity1 were: currently feeling sick and duration of illness; for the caregiver: feeling sick, relationship to @entity1 , and age. CONCLUSION: @entity5 @entity1 in stable condition and with psychosocial support can hope to enjoy good QOL with treatment. The findings constitute an evidence base for the country's @entity5 care program, to boost national health education about prognosis in @entity5 . Families living with @entity1 @entity5 @entity1 are vulnerable and need support if the @entity1 is recently diagnosed, less educated, single, not formally employed; and the caregiver is female, parent, younger, less educated, unemployed and feels sick. Clinicians need to invest in the education and support of family caregivers. The @entity1 -caregiver dyad should be regarded as a unit for treatment in @entity5 care.

title: Factors associated with quality of life of outpatients with XXXX and their family caregivers: a controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['cancer (46) and ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer and gynecologic cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) scheduling on @entity102 care and outcomes has not been studied. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of @entity1538 implementation at 1 year on: (1) @entity6 care processes (testing for A1c, LDL, and urine microalbumin), (2) intermediate outcomes of @entity6 care ( @entity13519 , A1c, and LDL level), and (3) health-care utilization (ED visits, hospitalization, and outpatient visits). METHODS: We used a retrospective cohort study design to compare process and outcomes for 4,060 continuously enrolled adult @entity1 with @entity6 from six @entity1538 clinics and six control clinics. Using a generalized linear model framework, data were modeled with linear regression for continuous, logistic regression for dichotomous, and Poisson regression for utilization outcomes. RESULTS: @entity1 in the @entity1538 clinics were older, with a higher percentage being African American (51% vs 34%) and on insulin. In multivariate analyses, for A1c testing, the odds ratio for African-American @entity1 in @entity1538 clinics was 0.47 (CI: 0.29-0.77), compared to non-African Americans [OR 0.27 (CI: 0.21-0.36)]. For urine microablumin, the odds ratio for non-African Americans in @entity1538 clinics was 0.37 (CI: 0.17-0.81). At 1 year, in adjusted analyses, @entity1 in @entity1538 clinics had significantly higher @entity13519 (mean 6.4 mmHg, 95% CI 5.4 - 7.5). There were no differences by clinic type in any of the three health-care utilization outcomes. CONCLUSION: @entity1538 scheduling was associated with worse processes of care and @entity13519 at 1 year. @entity1538 clinic scheduling should be examined more critically in larger systems of care, multiple health-care settings, and/or in a randomized controlled trial.

title: Effect of advanced access scheduling on processes and intermediate outcomes of XXXX care and utilization.

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open access', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reports of free perforation in @entity30 have been increasing in Japan. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of free perforation in Japanese @entity1 with @entity30 . METHODS: We reviewed the data for 104 @entity1 with free perforation in @entity30 reported in the Japanese literature, in addition to 22 @entity1 from our hospital. RESULTS: There were 89 @entity1 and 37 @entity1 in this series, with ages ranging from 16 to 92 years. Free perforation was the presenting sign of the disease in 72 @entity1 . The perforation sites were the jejunum in 7, the ileum in 102, and the colon in 17. Multiple perforations occurred in 13 @entity1 . @entity134 therapy was administered in 25 @entity1 , but the relation between @entity134 therapy and free perforation had not been well established. The incidence of free perforation in @entity30 in Japan was between 2.9% and 10.5%. This incidence was higher than that in Western countries. Ninety-eight @entity1 were treated with resection and drainage, and 22 @entity1 with resection and diversion (details were not known in 6 @entity1 ). There were no @entity1 with simple closure of the perforation site. @entity397 occurred in 13 @entity1 . Five @entity1 died after the operation. Four of these five @entity1 had multiple perforations. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of free perforation in Japan is higher than that in Western countries and @entity1 with multiple perforations have a poor prognosis.

title: Free perforation in XXXX : review of the Japanese literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic rupture']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: An @entity130 .5% of all injuries of the movement system and of these 31% concern @entity174 . In the majority of cases they are @entity7334 , unstable because of the action of the triceps muscle of the arm. Most of the @entity1 require operative treatment. In the years 1984-2001 in the Traumatic and Orthopedic Ward we treated 49 @entity1 with @entity174 . In 30 @entity1 we utilized Gruca screw and in 10 of them Weber girth. 3 @entity174 were fixed with a wire loop and the remaining 6 did not require operative but only conservative treatment. The results were estimated according to the Hofbauer's scale in 37 @entity1 among whom 27 were treated making a fixation with a Gruca screw and 10 by using Weber girth. Altogether, we achieved good and satisfactory results in 33 cases and bad results in 4 cases. Based on these results there is no evident superiority of one method over the other. The study emphasizes the importance of the correct qualification to either therapeutic method.

title: [A comparative analysis of results of operative treatment of XXXX utilizing Gruca screw and Weber girth].

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'olecranon fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['intra-articular fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the elbow constitutes 3']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['olecranon fracture']


abstract: The urge-to-cough is a respiratory sensation that precedes the cough motor response. Since affective state modulates the perception of respiratory sensations such as dyspnoea, we wanted to test whether @entity1239 , an anxiolytic, would modulate the urge-to-cough and hence, the cough motor response. We hypothesized that withdrawal from and administration of @entity1239 in smoking subjects would modulate their @entity148 levels, urge-to-cough and cough motor response to @entity2951 stimulation. Twenty smoking (SM) adults (8F, 12M; 22+/-3 years; 2.9+/-2.0 pack years) and matched non-smoking (NS) controls (22+/-2 years) were presented with randomized concentrations of @entity2951 (0-200 microM) before and after @entity1239 (SM only) gum and/or placebo (SM and NS) gum. Subjects rated their urge-to-cough using a Borg scale at the end of each @entity2951 presentation. Cough number and cough motor pattern were determined from airflow tracings. Subjects completed State-Trait @entity148 Inventory (STAI) questionnaires before and after gum administration. SM subjects that withdrew from cigarette smoking for 12 h exhibited an increase in @entity148 scores, a greater number of coughs and higher urge-to-cough ratings compared to NS subjects. Administration of @entity1239 gum reduced @entity148 scores, cough number and urge-to-cough ratings to match the NS subjects. There was no effect of placebo gum on any of the measured parameters in the SM and NS groups. The results from this study suggest that modulation of the central neural state with @entity1239 withdrawal and administration in young smoking adults is associated with a change in @entity148 levels which in turn modulates the perceptual and motor response to irritant cough stimulants.

title: The urge-to-cough and cough motor response modulation by the central effects of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'Anxiety']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

answer: @entity1239 :: (MESH:D009538,Chemical) :: ['nicotine']


abstract: @entity2643 (AD) is a highly efficient antiarrhythmic drug with potentially serious side effects. Severe @entity358 is reported in @entity1 receiving AD even at low doses and may cause @entity401 as well as @entity82 . Apoptosis of alveolar epithelial type II cells (AECII) has been suggested to play an important role in this disease. In the current study, we aimed to establish a @entity19 model of AD-induced @entity82 and analyze surfactant homeostasis, lysosomal, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in this model. AD/vehicle was instilled intratracheally into C57BL/6 @entity19 , which were sacrificed on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Extent of @entity82 development was assessed by trichrome staining and @entity720 measurement. @entity137 was assessed by @entity880 dehydrogenase assay. Phospholipids (PLs) were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Surfactant proteins (SP) and markers for apoptosis, lysosomal, and ER stress were studied by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. AECII morphology was evaluated by electron microscopy. @entity82 and @entity1373 were observed in AD-treated @entity19 already at day 7. Surfactant PL and SP accumulated in AECII over time. In parallel, induction of apoptosis, lysosomal, and ER stress was encountered in AECII of @entity19 lungs and in @entity19 cells treated with AD. In vitro, siRNA-mediated knockdown of @entity43005 did not alter the AD-induced apoptotic response. Our data suggest that @entity19 exposed to intratracheal AD develop severe @entity3794 , exhibit extensive surfactant alterations and cellular stress, but AD-induced AECII apoptosis is not mediated primarily via @entity43005 .

title: Altered Surfactant Homeostasis and Alveolar Epithelial Cell Stress in @entity2643 -Induced Lung XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['Amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['Extensive lung fibrosis', 'lung fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['AECII hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonia']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['Fibrosis']


abstract: @entity6217 is a co-activator involved in adaptive thermogenesis, @entity844 oxidation and gluconeogenesis. We describe the identification of several isoforms of a new @entity1 @entity6217 homologue, cloned independently and named @entity8833 . The @entity1 @entity8833 gene is localized to chromosome 5, has 13 exons and spans more than 78 kb. Two different 5' and 3' ends due to differential splicing were identified by rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR and screening of @entity1 cDNA libraries. We show that @entity8833 variants in @entity1 , @entity19 and @entity35 are expressed predominantly in heart, @entity11279 . @entity8833 expression, unlike @entity6217 , is not up-regulated in brown adipose tissue in response to cold or @entity28 . Fasting experiments showed that @entity6217 , but not @entity8833 , is induced in liver and this suggests that only @entity6217 is involved in the hepatic gluconeogenesis. No changes in @entity8833 gene expression were observed associated with exercise. @entity1 @entity8833 -1a and -2a isoforms localized to the cell nucleus and, specifically, the isoform @entity8833 -1a co-activated peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, -alpha and the thyroid hormone receptor beta1. Finally, we show that ectopic expression @entity8833 leads to increased mitochondrial number and basal @entity26 consumption. These results suggest that @entity8833 may play a role in constitutive adrenergic-independent mitochondrial biogenesis.

title: Characterization of the @entity1 , XXXX and @entity35 PGC1 beta (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator 1 beta) gene in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'humans', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty-acid']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity11279 :: ('MESH:D009379', 'Disease') :: ['brown adipose tissue, brain and skeletal muscle']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluate long-term @entity900 -induced @entity2167 in @entity1 treated for malignant @entity43 (MOGCT). METHODS: Seventy-four @entity1 treated for MOGCT in Norway (1980-2009) were analyzed: 41 had received @entity900 -based chemotherapy (CBCT) ("Cases") and 33 had no CBCT ("Controls"). Median follow-up was 15years. Hearing was assessed by pure tone audiometry and by the @entity65990 questionnaire. Air conduction thresholds were reported as absolute hearing thresholds and age-adjusted thresholds. Absolute and age-adjusted @entity393 were defined as thresholds of >20dB at any frequency. Tinnitus was evaluated using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. Serum @entity902 Concentration (SPC) was determined. RESULTS: Absolute @entity393 was identified in 21 Cases (51%) and 24 Controls (73%). After adjusting for age, only 9 Cases (22%) and 5 Controls (15%) remained. Age-adjusted hearing thresholds at 4, 6 and 8kHz were slightly but significantly higher in Cases compared to Controls. Subjective @entity393 was reported by 27% of Cases and 21% of Controls, who were significantly older. Elevated SPC values were detected up to 20years after CBCT, but SPC did not correlate significantly with age-adjusted @entity393 . The rate of @entity392 was similar in Cases and Controls. CONCLUSION: Long-term MOGCT survivors treated with CBCT have small but significant reductions in age-adjusted hearing thresholds at 4, 6 and 8kHz versus Controls. Approximately one in four @entity1 experienced subjective @entity393 . To avoid overestimation of clinically relevant @entity900 -induced @entity2167 , absolute hearing thresholds should be age-adjusted and compared to an age-matched control group.

title: Long-term @entity2167 in @entity1 after @entity900 treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian germ cell cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Robotic telemanipulation systems have been introduced recently to enhance the surgeon's dexterity and visualization in videoscopic surgery in order to facilitate refined dissection, suturing, and knot tying. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the technical feasibility of performing a safe and efficient robot-assisted handsewn laparoscopic intestinal @entity254 in a @entity1707 model. METHODS: Thirty intestinal anastomoses were performed in @entity1707 . Twenty anastomoses were performed laparoscopically with the da Vinci robotic system (robot-assisted group), the remaining 10 anastomoses by laparotomy (control group). OR time, @entity254 time and complications were recorded. Effectiveness of the laparoscopic anastomoses was evaluated by postoperative observation of 10/20 @entity1707 of the robot-assisted group for 14 days and by testing mechanical integrity in all @entity1707 by measuring passage, circumference, number of stitches, and bursting pressure. These parameters and @entity254 time were compared to the anastomoses performed in the control group. RESULTS: In all cases of the robot-assisted group the procedure was completed laparoscopically. The only perioperative complication was an intestinal perforation, caused by an assisting instrument. The median procedure time was 77 min. @entity254 time was longer in the laparoscopic cases than in the controls (25 vs 10 min; p <0.001). Postoperatively, one @entity1707 developed an ileus, based on a herniation of the spiral colon through a trocar-port. For this reason it was terminated on the sixth postoperative day. All anastomoses of the robot-assisted group were mechanically intact and all parameters were comparable to those of the control group. CONCLUSION: Technical feasibility of performing a safe and efficient robot-assisted laparoscopic intestinal @entity254 in a @entity1707 model was repeatedly demonstrated in this study, with a reasonable time required for the @entity254 .

title: Robot-assisted laparoscopic intestinal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis', 'Anastomosis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: De novo postoperative life-threatening @entity943 are poorly understood. Long-term benefits of, and need for, treatment is uncertain. To assess the therapeutic advantage of @entity1479 to manage new-onset, life-threatening @entity1165 after cardiac surgery. @entity1 included were those with an @entity1479 implanted for de novo life-threatening @entity1165 encountered 48 hours or more after cardiac surgery. Primary endpoints were total survival, time to first @entity1479 therapy, and appropriateness of @entity1479 therapy. Mean projected survival and projected time to first @entity1479 therapy were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Twenty-seven postoperative @entity1 (left ventricular ejection fraction 0.22 +/- 0.07) were followed for 26 +/- 17.6 months. The index @entity943 was sustained monomorphic @entity1165 in 17 (63%) and @entity2224 in 10 (37%). Electrophysiological study was positive in 22 (81%) of 27. Total survival and mean projected survival after @entity1479 implant were 22 (81%) of 27 and 25.6 months, respectively, to end of follow-up. The majority received @entity1479 therapy (21/27 [78%]), 20 (74%) of 27 receiving appropriate therapy. The mean time to first @entity1479 therapy and mean projected time to first @entity1479 therapy was 5.6 +/- 7.8 months and 10.5 months, respectively. De novo postoperative @entity943 are associated with a high probability of late recurrence. The @entity1479 is useful for these @entity1 .

title: Implantable defibrillator use for de novo XXXX encountered after cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: New therapies for @entity120 ( @entity120 ) improve functional status, quality of life (QOL), and survival. Clinicians must chose between very different therapies without the availability of comparison studies. We constructed a "virtual" clinical trial to help inform these treatment choices. DESIGN: We compare key outcomes related to survival, costs, and QOL using a Markov-type decision model to estimate the expected outcomes and costs for @entity120 @entity1 treated for 1 year with @entity12584 and @entity13992 compared to @entity1 treated with @entity4770 , as well as @entity1 treated with @entity12584 compared to those treated with @entity13992 . The allowed transitions in the model were between World Health Organization functional class I to IV and @entity204 . Transition probabilities were based on observed transitions for @entity12584 . Treatment effect was estimated using 6-min walk data for @entity13992 and @entity4770 . Utilities were calculated from estimated EuroQol health states. Cost was estimated from average wholesale price and Medicare reimbursement data. The effects of changing values of input variables on the key outcomes were calculated. RESULTS: Treatment with @entity12584 compared to treatment with either @entity4770 or @entity13992 was less costly and resulted in a greater gain in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Conversely, @entity13992 was significantly more expensive than @entity4770 , without an appreciable gain in QALYs. These findings were not substantially affected by the reasonable adjustments of transition probabilities, utility values, or tachyphylaxis to @entity4770 . CONCLUSION: Treatment with @entity12584 is more cost-effective than treatment with either @entity13992 or @entity4770 . In addition, a net improvement in quality-adjusted survival may be expected.

title: Treatment of XXXX : a preliminary decision analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['PAH', 'pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['epoprostenol']

entities_list: @entity13992 :: ('MESH:C427248', 'Chemical') :: ['treprostinil']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary arterial hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively compare diagnostic performance and interobserver variability for computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the pretreatment evaluation of early @entity3 , with surgical pathologic findings as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This HIPAA-compliant study had institutional review board approval and informed consent for evaluation of preoperative CT (n = 146) and/or MR imaging (n = 152) studies in 156 @entity1 (median age, 43 years; range, 22-81 years) from a previous prospective multicenter American College of Radiology Imaging Network and Gynecologic Oncology Group study of 172 @entity1 with biopsy-proved @entity5 (clinical stage > or = IB). Four radiologists (experience, 7-15 years) interpreted the CT scans, and four radiologists (experience, 12-20 years) interpreted the MR studies retrospectively. @entity5 visualization and detection of parametrial invasion were assessed with receiver operating characteristic curves (with P < or = .05 considered to indicate a significant difference). Descriptive statistics for staging and kappa statistics for reader agreement were calculated. Surgical pathologic findings were the reference standard. RESULTS: For CT and MR imaging, respectively, multirater kappa values were 0.26 and 0.44 for staging, 0.16 and 0.32 for @entity5 visualization, and -0.04 and 0.11 for detection of parametrial invasion; for advanced stage @entity5 (> or =IIB), sensitivities were 0.14-0.38 and 0.40-0.57, positive predictive values (PPVs) were 0.38-1.00 and 0.32-0.39, specificities were 0.84-1.00 and 0.77-0.80, and negative predictive values (NPVs) were 0.81-0.84 and 0.83-0.87. MR imaging was significantly better than CT for @entity5 visualization (P < .001) and detection of parametrial invasion (P = .047). CONCLUSION: Reader agreement was higher for MR imaging than for CT but was low for both. MR imaging was significantly better than CT for @entity5 visualization and detection of parametrial invasion. The modalities were similar for staging, sharing low sensitivity and @entity2286 but relatively high NPV and specificity.

title: Early XXXX : CT and MR imaging in preoperative evaluation - ACRIN/GOG comparative study of diagnostic performance and interobserver variability.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical cancer']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['invasive cervical cancer']


abstract: @entity24778 and @entity2304 play important roles in regulating neutrophil production, survival, differentiation, and function. However, we have shown previously that @entity24778 / @entity2304 double-deficient [knockout (KO)] @entity19 still develop a profound @entity4795 in bone marrow and blood after infection with @entity5132 . This finding suggests the existence of other systems, which can regulate emergency neutrophil production. We have now developed an "in vitro" technique to detect and characterize a neutrophil-promoting activity ( @entity5563 ) in the media conditioned by @entity19 embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from @entity24778 / @entity2304 (-/-) @entity19 . @entity5563 is produced in vitro by the MEFs after stimulation with @entity558 or heat-inactivated @entity5132 . Although @entity9827 added directly to bone marrow cultures does not sustain granulocyte production, our studies indicate that production of @entity5563 requires activation of the @entity9827 receptor ( @entity17224 ). First, @entity24778 (-/-)/ @entity2304 (-/-) MEFs produce high levels of @entity5563 after stimulation with @entity558 or @entity5132 , and @entity24778 / @entity2304 / @entity9827 triple-KO MEFs do not. Second, the production of @entity5563 by the @entity24778 (-/-)/ @entity2304 (-/-) MEFs is reduced significantly upon incubation with neutralizing antibodies to @entity9827 or @entity17224 . Third, @entity5563 production by @entity24778 / @entity2304 (-/-)/ @entity9827 (-/-) fibroblasts is enhanced by supplementing culture medium with @entity9827 . Thus, stimulation of @entity17224 by @entity9827 is a prerequisite for the production of @entity5563 .

title: Macrophage-colony stimulating factor is required for the production of neutrophil-promoting activity by @entity19 embryo fibroblasts deficient in @entity24778 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity4795 :: ('MESH:C563010', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilia']

answer: @entity2304 :: (12981(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['GM-CSF']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A number of researchers have been reporting a wide range of in vitro and in vivo studies of cell engraftment to enhance angiogenesis using stem cells. Despite these efforts, studies involving three-dimensional (3D) culture method that mimics in vivo environment have not reached its peak yet. In this study, we investigated the change and effects on cellular angiogenic growth factors through sphere formation of adipose stem cell ( @entity938 ) which is engineered by @entity27023 ( @entity23820 ). First of all, we successfully induced sphere formation of @entity938 (sph- @entity938 ) on @entity23820 coated plates. sph- @entity938 represented significantly higher expression levels of anti-apoptotic and @entity519 factors compared to monolayer adherent @entity938 (adh- @entity938 ). Interestingly, sph- @entity938 showed higher mRNA levels of the following genes; @entity2279 , @entity3545 , @entity2881 , @entity5100 , @entity2842 , @entity6005 , @entity7 , @entity9961 , and @entity540 . In addition, mRNA expressions of angiogenic growth factor receptors such as @entity319 , @entity7167 , @entity7991 , and @entity878 were elevated in @entity938 . In protein level, Cytokine/Chemokines antibody array revealed a significant increase of @entity540 in sph- @entity938 (3.17-fold) compared to adh- @entity938 . To investigate the effects of @entity540 on @entity938 , Matrigel angiogenic invasion assay showed significant reduced level of @entity540 in @entity540 siRNA transfected sph- @entity938 (2.27-fold) compared to negative control siRNA transfected @entity938 . These findings suggest that @entity23820 coated plates induce sphere formation of @entity938 which has significantly higher expression of @entity540 , and plays a critical role as a major regulating growth factor of in vitro angiogenesis.

title: Sphere formation of adipose stem cell engineered by @entity27023 induces in vitro angiogenesis through XXXX .

entities_list: @entity27023 :: ('CHEBI:60758', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate']

answer: @entity540 :: (2247,Gene) :: ['fibroblast growth factor 2']


abstract: The unlinked operons that comprise the @entity526 CytR regulon are controlled coordinately through interactions between two gene regulatory proteins, the @entity25159 and the @entity3183 repressor (CytR). CytR controls the balance between @entity25159 -mediated recruitment and activation of RNA polymerase and transcriptional repression. Cooperative interactions between CytR, when bound to an operator (CytO) located upstream of a CytR-regulated promoter, and @entity25159 , when bound to flanking tandem promoters, are critical to the regulatory role of CytR. When CytR binds @entity3183 , cooperativity is reduced resulting in increased transcriptional activity. However, this @entity3183 -mediated effect varies among promoters, suggesting that coupling between @entity3183 binding to CytR and CytR- @entity25159 association is sensitive to promoter structure. To investigate the chemical and structural basis for these effects, we investigated how @entity3183 binding affects association between CytR and @entity25159 in solution and how it affects the binding of CytR deletion mutants lacking the DNA binding HTH domain, with tandem @entity25159 dimers bound to either udpP or deoP2. Deletion mutants that, as we show here, retain the native functions of the allosteric, inducer-binding domain but do not bind DNA were expressed and purified. We refer to these as Core domain. Despite only weak association between CytR and @entity25159 in solution, our results demonstrate the formation of a relatively stable complex in which the Core domain forms a protein bridge between tandem @entity25159 dimers when bound to either udpP or deoP2. The @entity56438 (o) for bridge complex formation is about -7.8 kcal/mol. This is well in excess of that required to account for cooperativity (-2.5 to -3 kcal/mol). The bridge complexes are significantly destabilized by @entity3183 binding, and to the same extent in both promoter complexes (DeltaDeltaG(o) approximately +2 kcal/mol). Even with this destabilization, DeltaG(o) for bridge complex formation by @entity3183 -liganded Core domain is still sufficient by itself to account for cooperativity. These findings demonstrate that direct coupling between @entity3183 binding to CytR and CytR- @entity25159 association does not account for promoter-specific effects on cooperativity. Instead, @entity3183 binding must induce a CytR conformation that is more rigid or in some other way less tolerant of the variation in the geometric arrangement of operator sites between different promoters.

title: Role of protein-protein bridging interactions on cooperative assembly of DNA-bound @entity25159 -CytR- XXXX complex and regulation of the @entity526 CytR regulon.

entities_list: @entity3183 :: ('MESH:D003562', 'Chemical') :: ['cytidine']

entities_list: @entity56438 :: ('c|DEL||G', 'DNAMutation') :: ['DeltaG']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity25159 :: ('20468888', 'Gene') :: ['CRP', 'cAMP receptor protein (CRP)']

answer: @entity25159 :: (20468888,Gene) :: ['CRP']


abstract: @entity2228 aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.4; GlyAT) was presumed to be an enzyme concerning the supply of @entity2228 for the extracellular @entity7170 production by @entity16993 No. 7. GlyAT was purified from strain No. 7 as an electrophoretically homogenous protein. The enzyme was a monomer protein with the molecular weight of about 42,000. From the absorption spectrum of the enzyme (350 nm, 410 nm), it was indicated that the enzyme had @entity2707 as a prosthetic group. The enzyme showed high substrate specificity for @entity2227 as an @entity1472 group donor. Apparent Kms for @entity2227 and @entity11571 were 6.20 mM and 3.75 mM, respectively. The Vmax and Kcat for @entity2227 were 66.8 mumol/min/mg protein and 46.8 s-1, respectively. The Vmax and Kcat for @entity11571 were 68.8 mumol/min/mg protein and 48.2 s-1. The optimum temperature and pH were 40-45 degrees C and 7.0-7.5, respectively. The enzyme activity lowered to about 50% in the presence of 15 mM @entity5819 .

title: Some properties of @entity2228 aminotransferase purified from XXXX No. 7 concerning extracellular @entity7170 production.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity16993 :: ('1076', 'Species') :: ['Rhodopseudomonas palustris']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine', 'Glycine']

entities_list: @entity2707 :: ('MESH:D011732', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridoxal phosphate']

entities_list: @entity7170 :: ('CHEBI:8337', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrin']

entities_list: @entity11571 :: ('MESH:C031150', 'Chemical') :: ['glyoxylate']

entities_list: @entity5819 :: ('MESH:D000643', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium chloride']

answer: @entity16993 :: (1076,Species) :: ['Rhodopseudomonas palustris']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clarify the relationship between sleep instability and subjective complaints in @entity1 with upper @entity1224 (UARS). METHODS: Thirty subjects (15 @entity1 ) with UARS and 30 age- and sex-matched controls in a prospective, single-blind, case-control study. Blinded cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) electroencephalogram analysis and scales of @entity1295 and @entity25 were completed. ANALYSIS: Mann-Whitney U tests for independent, nonparametric variables between groups and chi2 tests for nonparametric variables with defined standard values. RESULTS: @entity1 with UARS had significantly more @entity25 , compared with controls, demonstrated on their Fatigue Severity Scale (P < 0.001) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (P < 0.001). By design, the mean apnea- @entity387 index was normal in both groups, whereas the respiratory disturbance index was greater in @entity1 with UARS than in those without (14.5 +/- 3.0 vs 9 +/- 5.2, respectively [P < 0.001]). CAP analysis demonstrated abnormal non-rapid eye movement sleep with abnormally increased CAP rate, electroencephalogram arousals, A2 index, and A3 index. Decreased A1 index in controls was consistent with their more normal progression of sleep. CAP rate correlated with both the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (r = 0.38, P < 0.01) and the Fatigue Severity Scale (r = 0.51, P < 0.0001), and there was a positive trend between the Fatigue Severity Scale and phase A2 index (r = 0.29, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared with age- and sex-matched controls, @entity1 with UARS have higher electroencephalogram arousal indexes and important non-rapid eye movement @entity25 that correlate with subjective symptoms of @entity25 and @entity1295 . These disturbances are identifiable with sensitive measures such as CAP analysis but not with traditional diagnostic scoring systems.

title: The cyclic alternating pattern demonstrates increased sleep instability and correlates with @entity1295 and @entity25 in adults with upper XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness', 'complaints of fatigue and sleepiness', 'sleep disturbances']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway resistance syndrome']

answer: @entity1224 :: (MESH:D000402,Disease) :: ['airway resistance syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ultrafiltration is an adjunctive treatment for decompensated @entity712 @entity1 with @entity9136 . The efficacy and safety of ultrafiltration in the @entity1 cohort are still unknown. METHODS: We systematically reviewed and evaluated randomized controlled trials, comparing diuretics with ultrafiltration in adult @entity1 with decompensated @entity712 and @entity9136 through January 2014. The primary outcomes were body weight loss and total fluid removal. RESULTS: We identified 8 trials including 608 @entity1 . In a random-effects model, the pooled difference of body weight loss was 1.44 kg between @entity1 receiving ultrafiltration and diuretics (95% CI, 0.29-2.59; p = 0.01). The difference of fluid removal was 1.28 l between groups (95% CI, 0.43-2.12; p = 0.003). The RR for mortality was 0.90 for ultrafiltration compared with diuretics (95% CI, 0.61-1.33; p = 0.60) and the RR for renal function deterioration was 1.29 (95% CI, 0.90-1.85; p = 0.17). There is a trend toward reducing readmission rate in ultrafiltration group. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrafiltration is a safe and effective strategy in the treatment of @entity9136 without increasing the risk of @entity177 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Effect of Ultrafiltration versus Intravenous Furosemide for Decompensated XXXX in @entity9136 : A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal deterioration']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity9136 :: ('MESH:D059347', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorenal syndrome']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart Failure']


abstract: @entity35 performed on two multiple random-interval schedules, in which sequences of ascending or descending reinforcement densities were balanced between the schedules and between the two halves of the session. Using a standard reinforcer (10% @entity969 pellets), pimozide decreased response rates, while @entity4944 increased responding. The effects of both drugs were schedule dependent: larger changes were evident in low response rate, reinforcement-lean components than in high response rate, reinforcement-rich components. Both effects were also time dependent, increasing over the course of the session; this casts serious doubt on the applicability of Herrnstein's matching law for studying agents acting on brain @entity935 . Increasing the period of food deprivation increased response rates, while withdrawing food deprivation decreased responding. These effects were also schedule dependent, but were time dependent. Substituting 95% @entity969 pellets for standard 10% @entity969 pellets caused an immediate and sustained decrease in responding, and up to 10% of earned reinforcement was not consumed. @entity1766 increased response rates within reinforcement-lean components and reinstated the complete consumption of earned reward typical of standard reinforcement. These apparently paradoxical effects may be consistent with a decrease in the rewarding properties of @entity969 pellets. Despite low response rates, @entity4944 did not affect responding maintained by 95% @entity969 pellets but did further reduce the consumption of earned reward. These results call into question the generality of the rate-dependency principle in the action of psychomotor stimulants.

title: Time-, schedule-, and reinforcer-dependent effects of XXXX and @entity4944 .

entities_list: @entity1766 :: ('MESH:D010868', 'Chemical') :: ['Pimozide']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

answer: @entity1766 :: (MESH:D010868,Chemical) :: ['pimozide']


abstract: AIMS: A one-day workshop was hosted by the Symptom Control Committee of the National @entity5 Institute of Canada, Clinical Trials Group (NCIC-CTG), in conjunction with the October 2002 annual meeting of the Canadian Association of Radiation Oncologists in Toronto, Ontario. The primary intention of the workshop was to direct the future research agenda of the Symptom Control Committee. Large group presentations were held initially to review the contemporary research issues of four selected areas of interest: fatigue, brain @entity3 , bone @entity3 and radiation-induced @entity33 . Panel members were then charged with the identification of specific research proposals that could be considered for further development. Research questions were to be clinically relevant and currently appropriate. Any additional information needed before the launch of any potential trial was also requested. In this paper, we will review and summarise the outcomes from the radiation-induced @entity33 sessions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-four @entity1 participated in the large group sessions and contributed to one of four panel discussions on selected supportive care issues relevant to radiation oncologists. RESULTS: Three potential and non-overlapping research questions were identified; two involving @entity33 in @entity1 receiving radical radiation for @entity135 , and a third for @entity1 with advanced @entity2 undergoing combined radiation and chemotherapy and at risk for the development of symptomatic @entity354 . CONCLUSION: The workshop successfully identified three potential research questions. The large group and the smaller panel discussions successfully established consensus on important aspects of future study designs. The current 'standard of care', appropriate experimental treatments, primary outcomes of interest and study population parameters were each important issues that were discussed. The importance of developing meaningful biological assays was reviewed, as was the need to ensure the appropriate storage of biological samples from @entity1 for future study.

title: Radiation induced XXXX : co-ordinating a research agenda.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis', 'mucositis management']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['oesophagitis']

answer: @entity33 :: (MESH:D052016,Disease) :: ['mucositis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity1 with @entity15 do not respond to interferon beta, which is widely used as an immunomodulatory treatment in this disease. We aimed to assess the functional relevance of @entity5 @entity39 factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand ( @entity2205 ), which is upregulated on incubation with interferon beta, for clinical treatment response. METHODS: We quantified gene expression longitudinally by realtime-PCR of the peripheral immune cells of 82 @entity1 with @entity15 . In a first cohort of 62 @entity1 , 20 were classified as first-year responders since they did not have relapses during treatment with interferon beta 1a; 19 were classified as first-year non-responders; and 23 developed neutralising antibodies to interferon beta. A second cohort, also characterised by MRI, consisted of 11 @entity1 on interferon beta 1a and nine @entity1 who were not treated. Concentrations of soluble @entity2205 were determined by ELISA in serum samples of nine non-treated @entity1 , 49 @entity1 before treatment (29 responders, 20 non-responders), as well as longitudinally in a subset of 23 @entity1 . FINDINGS: In both @entity1 cohorts, drug-responders could be distinguished from non-responders by early and sustained induction of @entity2205 (p<0.0001, each). In the presence of neutralising antibodies, initial upregulation of @entity2205 expression was subsequently abrogated. Raised concentrations of soluble @entity2205 in patients' serum samples before the start of treatment allowed prediction of the treatment response in the first year (ROC analysis with area under the curve 0.879 [0.785-0.974]). INTERPRETATION: Our data suggest that @entity2205 expression is a candidate for pretreatment assessment and might thus be used as a prognostic marker of treatment response to interferon beta in @entity15 . Furthermore, our observations have implications for the development of future immunoregulatory strategies in @entity15 therapy.

title: @entity2205 ( @entity2205 ) as a potential response marker for interferon-beta treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: While @entity2449 ( @entity4508 ) is the most widely prescribed antidiabetic drug worldwide, its beneficial effects in Psammomys obesus (P. obesus), a rodent model that mimics most of the metabolic features of @entity1 @entity6 , have not been explored thoroughly. Here, we sought to investigate whether @entity4508 might improve insulin sensitivity, @entity413 homeostasis, lipid profile as well as cellular redox and energy balance in P. obesus maintained on a @entity7493 ( @entity7493 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: P. obesus gerbils were randomly assigned to receive either a @entity14434 ( @entity14434 ) consisting of halophytic plants (control group) or a @entity7493 ( @entity6 group) for a period of 24 weeks. @entity4508 (50 mg/kg per os) was administered in both animal groups after 12 weeks of feeding, i.e., the time required for the manifestation of insulin resistance in P. obesus fed a @entity7493 . Parallel in vitro experiments were conducted on isolated hepatocytes that were shortly incubated (30 min) with @entity4508 and energetic substrates ( @entity880 + @entity2388 or @entity3929 , in the presence of @entity6212 ). RESULTS: In vivo, @entity4508 lowered glycemia, glycosylated haemoglobin, circulating insulin and @entity844 levels in @entity6 . obesus. It also largely reversed @entity7493 -induced hepatic lipid alterations. In vitro, @entity4508 increased glycolysis but decreased both gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis in the presence of glucogenic precursors and @entity25014 . Importantly, these changes were associated with an increase in cytosolic and mitochondrial redox states along with a decline in respiration capacity. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4508 prevents the progression of insulin resistance in @entity6 . obesus, possibly through a tight control of gluconeogenesis and @entity844 b-oxidation depending upon mitochondrial function. While the latter is increasingly becoming a therapeutic issue in @entity6 , the gut microbiota is another promising target that would need to be considered as well.

title: The desert gerbil Psammomys obesus as a model for @entity2449 -sensitive nutritional type 2 XXXX to protect hepatocellular metabolic damage: Impact of mitochondrial redox state.

entities_list: @entity7493 :: ('MESH:D011502', 'Disease') :: ['high energy diet', 'HED']

entities_list: @entity6212 :: ('MESH:C031492', 'Chemical') :: ['octanoate']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes-prone P', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic P']

entities_list: @entity25014 :: ('CHEBI:59554', 'Chemical') :: ['medium-chain fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity14434 :: ('MESH:C566492', 'Disease') :: ['natural diet', 'ND']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between features and definitions of @entity1294 ( @entity1294 ) and survival. DESIGN: We used the medical records linkage system of the Rochester Epidemiology Project to identify incident cases of @entity303 in Rochester from January 1, 1985, through December 31, 1989. @entity303 and @entity195 were defined using the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition. @entity1294 was defined by ad hoc criteria, including imaging. Each @entity1 with @entity303 was matched by age and sex to a referent subject free of @entity303 . @entity1 with @entity303 and referent subjects were followed from the onset of @entity303 (or index year) through @entity204 , censoring, or the end of the study. RESULTS: We included 479 @entity1 with incident @entity303 and 479 referent subjects. Overall, @entity1 with @entity1294 had worse mortality than referent subjects (relative risk [RR], 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-3.9). Among @entity1 with @entity1294 , those with @entity303 temporally related to a @entity64 had a worse relative mortality (RR, 4.5; 95% CI, 2.7-7.4) than those with only imaging evidence of @entity1188 in gray matter structures (RR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.5-3.8). Relative mortality estimates varied by using 3 sets of published diagnostic criteria for @entity1294 . @entity1 with @entity1294 had a higher RR of @entity204 (RR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.9-3.9) than @entity1 with @entity303 overall (RR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.6-2.1) or @entity1 with @entity195 (RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2-1.7). CONCLUSIONS: The relative mortality of @entity1 with @entity1294 varied depending on the set of diagnostic criteria used. A temporal relationship to a @entity64 was the strongest predictive feature for poor survival in @entity1 with @entity303 .

title: Survival study of XXXX in Rochester, Minnesota.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular dementia', 'vascular dementia', 'VaD']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral infarctions']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity1294 :: (MESH:D015140,Disease) :: ['vascular dementia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Imbalances in glutamatergic signaling have been proposed as the cause of several @entity16 . The use of @entity3390 , an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, to mimic features of these @entity16 is effective both in mammals and in fish. However, the variability of the subunits comprising the NMDA receptor during development alters the pharmacokinetic properties of the receptor and leads to different responses to this drug. Here, we evaluated the locomotor response of @entity3392 to @entity3390 (1, 5, and 20    M) through the development (30 days postfertilization [dpf] to 2 years postfertilization [ypf]). The NMDA receptor subunit gene expression was also analyzed through the development (7   dpf to 2   ypf). @entity3392 displayed an age-related response to @entity3390 with a higher response at 60 and 120   dpf. The magnitude of hyperlocomotion promoted by @entity3390 seems to be less powerful for @entity3392 in relation to rodents. The verification of expression levels in @entity3392 NMDA receptor subunits shows that NR1.1 had a slight reduction throughout the development, while the NR2 subunits, especially @entity65949 and @entity65950 , vary their expression levels according to the stage of development. The time-specific locomotor response to @entity3390 through the development could be a consequence of differential NMDA receptor subunit expression. This result of developmental response to @entity3390 is a crucial component in the consolidation of @entity3392 as a suitable model to study glutamatergic neurotransmission in early phases.

title: Evaluation of Age-Dependent Response to NMDA Receptor Antagonism in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disturbances', 'neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity3392 :: ('7955', 'Species') :: ['Zebrafish', 'zebrafish']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['Zebrafish']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate outcomes of @entity2587 @entity1 treated with concurrent @entity1743 ( @entity1743 ) and @entity4421 ( @entity4421 ) surgery including endoscopic pubic symphysectomy. METHODS: We performed a multicenter retrospective case series of 7 consecutive adult @entity1 (4 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 33 years with symptomatic @entity1743 and @entity4421 who underwent arthroscopic surgery for the former and endoscopic pubic symphysectomy for the latter with a mean follow-up period of 2.9 years (range, 2.0 to 5.0 years). The visual analog scale (VAS) score, the Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), and @entity1 satisfaction were measured. Complications and revision surgical procedures were reported, and preoperative and postoperative radiographs were assessed. RESULTS: The mean preoperative VAS score of 6.7 (range, 4 to 8) improved to a mean postoperative VAS score of 1.5 (range, 0 to 7) (P  = .03). The mean preoperative NAHS of 50.2 points (range, 21 to 78 points) improved to a mean postoperative NAHS of 84.7 points (range, 41 to 99 points) (P  = .03). The mean @entity1 satisfaction rating was 8.3 (range, 3 to 10). Two male @entity1 had @entity86 that resolved spontaneously. There were no other complications. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs showed no anterior or posterior pelvic ring instability. One @entity1 underwent pubic symphyseal arthrodesis because of continued @entity158 . CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic pubic symphysectomy is a minimally invasive treatment for @entity2587 @entity4421 with encouraging early outcomes that may be performed concurrently with surgery for @entity1743 in co-afflicted @entity1 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic case series.

title: Multicenter Outcomes of Endoscopic Pubic Symphysectomy for @entity4421 Associated With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1743 :: ('MESH:D057925', 'Disease') :: ['femoroacetabular impingement', 'FAI']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative scrotal swelling']

entities_list: @entity4421 :: ('MESH:D010000', 'Disease') :: ['OP', 'osteitis pubis']

answer: @entity1743 :: (MESH:D057925,Disease) :: ['Femoroacetabular Impingement']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity28 is a risk factor for @entity64 and achieving normal weight is advocated to decrease @entity64 risk, the risk associated with @entity28 and @entity353 after @entity64 has not been well established. The aim of this study was to assess the association of @entity28 at the time of @entity64 admission and @entity353 after @entity64 with total mortality. METHODS: We analyzed 736 consecutive @entity1 (mean age, 66      11  years; 58% @entity1 ) hospitalized for their first @entity385 . Body weight at hospital admission and at the outpatient visit during follow-up was used in the analysis. RESULTS: After multivariate adjustment, @entity28 at admission was associated with lower mortality risk as compared with normal weight (hazard ratio [HR], .50, P  =  .03). At the outpatient visit, with a median follow-up time of 16  months, 21% of @entity1 had lost more than 3  kg of weight. @entity64 severity, @entity712 , transient @entity63 attack, and @entity308 after @entity64 were independently associated with significant @entity353 . Weight loss of more than 3  kg was associated with increased mortality risk (HR, 5.87; P  =  .001) independently of other factors. Similar results were seen when @entity353 was defined as losing more than 3% of baseline weight (HR, 4.97; P  =  .004). Weight gain of more than 5% of the baseline weight tended to be associated with better survival when compared with no weight change (log-rank test, P  =  .07). CONCLUSIONS: Normal weight at hospital admission and @entity353 after @entity385 are independently associated with increased mortality. Overweight and @entity28 at baseline do not decrease the risk associated with @entity353 .

title: The Obesity Paradox and Survivors of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 2-Hydroxyethylated and oxidative DNA @entity2642 (DNA adduct biomarkers), such as @entity65393 ( @entity65393 ), N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine ( @entity65394 ), 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine (N1HEdA), and @entity7599 ( @entity7599 ), N2,3-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine (N2,3-ethenodG), a-methyl-y-hydroxy-1,N2-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine (CrotondG), are important proposed biomarkers for exploring the genotoxicity mechanism of @entity11540 (EO) in vivo. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for the simultaneous determination of @entity65393 , @entity65394 , N1HEdA, @entity7599 , CrotondG, and N2,3-ethenodG together with regular @entity38361 (dG), and @entity37133 (dA) @entity2642 in the DNA extracted from @entity19 lung tissues for the assessment of exposure to EO after inhalation. The lower limits of quantitation for @entity7599 , CrotondG, N2,3-EthenodG, @entity65393 , N1HEdA, @entity65394 , dG, and dA were 0.025, 0.00125, 0.025, 0.00125, 0.025, 0.01, 2342, and 2500ng/mL, respectively. The linearity of the calibration curves for all analytes were >0.989. The intra-day assay precision relative standard deviation (RSD) values for quality control (QC) samples for all analytes were  <=13.5% with accuracy values ranging from 86.5% to 111%. The inter-day assay precision (RSD) values for all analytes were  <=18.8% with accuracy values ranging from 87.9% to 119%. This method was used for simultaneous determination of the levels of @entity7599 , CrotondG, N2,3-EthenodG, @entity65393 , dG, N1HEdA, @entity65394 , and dA in DNA enzymatic hydrolysates from DNA extracted from @entity19 lung after 12 weeks' inhalation exposure to EO at atmospheric concentrations of 0, 100, and 200ppm. Overall, N2,3-ethenodG was not detected in any samples. @entity7599 , CrotondG, dG, and dA were all quantifiable in all samples. @entity65393 , N1HEdA, and @entity65394 were quantifiable in most samples and the ratio of the corresponding adduct versus their corresponding DNA base (dG or dA) [*10 (e6)] was increased as the EO exposure concentration increased.

title: LC-MS/MS simultaneous quantitation of 2-hydroxyethylated, oxidative, and unmodified DNA @entity2642 in DNA isolated from tissues of @entity19 after exposure to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11540 :: ('MESH:D005027', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene oxide']

entities_list: @entity2642 :: ('MESH:D009705', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleosides']

entities_list: @entity7599 :: ('MESH:C040791', 'Chemical') :: ['8-OHdG', "8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine"]

entities_list: @entity65393 :: ('MESH:C054529', 'Chemical') :: ["O6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine", 'O6HEdG']

entities_list: @entity37133 :: ('MESH:C058118', 'Chemical') :: ["2'-deoxyadenosine"]

entities_list: @entity38361 :: ('CHEBI:17172', 'Chemical') :: ["2'-deoxyguanosine"]

answer: @entity11540 :: (MESH:D005027,Chemical) :: ['ethylene oxide']