abstract: External @entity1276 was identified in 63 @entity1 . The 36 @entity1 in whom external @entity1276 was idiopathic constitute the study population. The group was homogeneous. Although not all were macrocephalic at birth, the head circumference exceeded the 95th percentile in all cases by 1 year of age, and subsequent head growth was parallel to the 95th percentile. The head computed tomographic scan showed a characteristic picture of a prominent interhemispheric fissure, a collection of subarachnoid fluid over the frontal convexities, and prominent basal cisternae. Mild @entity1276 was present in ten cases. These abnormalities resolved after 18 to 24 months of age. No @entity1 required therapy for the condition. Development was normal in 32 @entity1 , suspect in three, and clearly abnormal in only one of the 36 @entity1 . However, of the 32 @entity1 with normal development, 14 were found to be delayed in gross motor development and five in language development at a prior time. There was a family history of @entity4651 in 88% of cases. Several families had a mixture of members with external @entity1276 and @entity58651 throughout several generations. These findings suggest that idiopathic external @entity1276 is a relatively benign, self-limited condition that resolves without treatment and is closely related to @entity58651 .

title: Idiopathic external XXXX : natural history and relationship to @entity58651 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity58651 :: ('MESH:C537717', 'Disease') :: ['benign familial macrocephaly']

entities_list: @entity4651 :: ('MESH:D058627', 'Disease') :: ['macrocephaly']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus', 'ventriculomegaly']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: Two hundred and thirty @entity1 , treated by resection for @entity153 , were analysed. The histological examination showed in 80% a @entity957 , in 11.3% an @entity420 , in 5.3% a large cell and in 3.4% a @entity4153 . There was a great difference between preoperative and postsurgical @entity2802 -classification: 90% stage I preoperatively and only 68.3% after resection with mediastinal lymph node dissection. Twenty-four @entity1 (10.4%) died during the first 30 days after operation. The main cause of @entity204 was @entity712 or @entity1576 . Forty-four @entity1 (19.1%) had @entity532 . @entity891 and @entity55 predominated. Survival without regard to stage and cell type was 27.6% at 5 years. As expected survival rate in T1N0M0 was best (40%). Therefore early detection of @entity153 is essential.

title: Operated XXXX : a review of 230 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['non-fatal complications']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['Atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity153 :: (MESH:D002283,Disease) :: ['bronchial carcinoma']


abstract: Autoimmune disease-associated @entity3329 shows marked histopathological and clinical diversity. We describe the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical findings of nine cases of @entity792 -associated @entity3329 , which posed a serious differential diagnostic problem regarding @entity1619 with @entity5072 follicles. There were two males and seven females aged 25 to 65 years (median 37 years). The @entity1 had multicentric @entity3329 in association with clinical and laboratory findings suggestive of an " @entity792 ". Four @entity1 were diagnosed to have @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), and the remaining five patients had @entity1701 and @entity10632 ( @entity10632 ), @entity309 ( @entity309 ), @entity10972 , @entity309 and @entity10632 , and @entity1252 and @entity10632 , respectively. None of the nine @entity1 developed @entity706 during the follow-up periods from 44 to 225 months (median 103 months). The lesions were characterized by paracortical @entity1373 with prominent vascular proliferation and many lymphoid follicles with germinal centers. The paracortical area usually contained numerous small T-lymphocytes without cytological atypia, accompanied by a variable number of plasma cells, B-immunoblasts, and histiocytes. Polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated no clonal rearrangement of the T-cell receptor chain gene in four cases examined, although immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangement was detected in only one case. These findings suggest that @entity792 -associated @entity3329 , especially @entity1252 , shares the histological features with @entity1619 with @entity5072 follicles. The nine cases presented here should be differentiated from @entity784 with follicles and @entity706 with @entity5072 germinal centers. To avoid overdiagnosis and overtreatment, we emphasize the need to turn attention to these clinical and laboratory findings as well as to the morphological features.

title: Autoimmune disease-associated XXXX with histological appearance of @entity1619 with @entity5072 follicles. A clinicopathological analysis of nine cases.

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['T-zone dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphomas', 'angioimmunoblastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity10972 :: ('MESH:C535842', 'Disease') :: ['chronic thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-zone lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['antiphospholipid antibody syndrome']

entities_list: @entity10632 :: ('MESH:D012859', 'Disease') :: ["Sjogren's syndrome", 'SS']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity3329 :: (MESH:D008206,Disease) :: ['lymphadenopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of surgery in the treatment of @entity1 with stage IIIA (N2) @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is a hot topic. Since variable results of surgery versus radiotherapy after induction chemotherapy are being reported, this study aimed to analyze results of surgery after induction chemotherapy and to identify relevant factors influencing outcome in @entity1 with stage IIIA @entity1149 . METHODS: @entity1 with stage IIIA (N2) @entity1149 , treated with @entity902 -based induction chemotherapy between 1994 and 2006, were identified. By a retrospective review of hospital records, response to induction treatment, short-term outcome, recurrence of disease and survival were evaluated. RESULTS: Ninety-nine @entity1 , 66 @entity1 and 33 @entity1 , were identified. Median follow-up was 54 months (range 13-129). Median age at treatment was 62 (range 36-77). Mediastinal downstaging was seen in 32 @entity1 . Forty-three @entity1 received radical radiotherapy and 39 @entity1 underwent surgery: 19 pneumonectomies, 19 lobectomies and one exploratory thoracotomy. Microscopic complete resection (R0) was reached in 30 @entity1 . Pathological response to induction therapy was CR in 5%, PR in 59% and @entity168 in 36%. Postoperative mortality was 3%. The 1-year mortality was 26% after pneumonectomy and 11% after lobectomy. Five-year survival after surgery was 28%, and was better after lobectomy than after pneumonectomy (43% versus 16%; p=0.03). Other factors as age, @entity353 , clinical mediastinal downstaging, radicality, and histology did not substantially contribute to this difference. CONCLUSION: Type of surgical resection was the major factor influencing outcome in @entity1 with stage IIIA (N2) @entity1149 after induction chemotherapy. These results suggest that @entity1 with stage IIIA (N2) @entity1149 may benefit from surgical resection, as long as a lobectomy can be performed.

title: Surgery after induction chemotherapy in stage IIIA-N2 XXXX : why pneumonectomy should be avoided.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) carries a substantial rate of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ). The blood-saving of effect of @entity927 ( @entity1041 ) in TKA using @entity2120 for thromboprophylaxis has been well known. However, the routine use of chemoprophylaxis in TKA remains controversial because of @entity260 . Therefore, the purpose of this study was to retrospectively compare the incidence of @entity1211 , and @entity86 and wound-related complications in minimally invasive (MIS)-TKA @entity1 who received @entity3925 or @entity2120 prophylaxis. METHODS: A total of 113 @entity1 who underwent primary unilateral MIS-TKA between 2009 and 2012 were studied. Of these, 61 @entity1 (study group) received @entity3925 prophylaxis between 2011 and 2012 and a control group of 52 @entity1 received @entity2120 prophylaxis between 2009 and 2010. All @entity1 received one intraoperative injection of @entity1041 (10 mg/kg). We compared the changes in hemoglobin (Hb) level, postoperative drainage amount, @entity190 , transfusion rate, and incidence of @entity260 and @entity1211 between the two groups. RESULTS: No differences in postoperative Hb levels, blood drainage amount, @entity190 , and transfusion rate were observed between the two groups. No @entity6650 was noted in both groups. There were no major wound complications including @entity1410 and infection requiring surgical intervention for open irrigation or debridement. CONCLUSIONS: Our retrospective study demonstrated a low rate of @entity1211 in MIS-TKA @entity1 who received @entity3925 or @entity2120 when @entity1041 was used for @entity548 prophylaxis. No increased perioperative @entity548 or postoperative wound-related complications were observed in the @entity3925 group compared with the @entity2120 group.

title: Thromboprophylaxis after minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty: a comparison of XXXX and @entity2120 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['total blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative wound complications', 'postoperative bleeding complications']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative blood loss']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity6650 :: ('MESH:D016769', 'Disease') :: ['deep-vein thrombosis of the leg or pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity2120 :: ('MESH:D017984', 'Chemical') :: ['enoxaparin']

answer: @entity3925 :: (MESH:C503223,Chemical) :: ['rivaroxaban']


abstract: @entity101 ( @entity101 ) is a nonthermal technology that has been shown to effectively inactivate a wide range of microorganisms. However, the effectiveness of @entity101 on inactivation of viruses is relatively less well understood. We systematically investigated the effects of intrinsic (pH) and processing (pressure, time, and temperature) parameters on the pressure inactivation of a nonenveloped virus ( @entity1 rotavirus [HRV]) and two enveloped viruses ( @entity8310 virus [VSV] and @entity39005 [aMPV]). We demonstrated that @entity101 can efficiently inactivate all tested viruses under optimal conditions, although the pressure susceptibilities and the roles of temperature and pH substantially varied among these viruses regardless of the presence of a viral envelope. We found that VSV was much more stable than most food-borne viruses, whereas aMPV was highly susceptible to @entity101 . When viruses were held for 2 min under 350 MPa at 4  C, 1.1-log, 3.9-log, and 5.0-log virus reductions were achieved for VSV, HRV, and aMPV, respectively. Both VSV and aMPV were more susceptible to @entity101 at higher temperature and lower pH. In contrast, HRV was more easily inactivated at higher pH, although temperature did not have a significant impact on inactivation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the damage of virion structure by disruption of the viral envelope and/or capsid is the primary mechanism underlying @entity101 -induced viral inactivation. In addition, VSV glycoprotein remained antigenic although VSV was completely inactivated. Taken together, our findings suggest that @entity101 is a promising technology to eliminate viral contaminants in high-risk foods, water, and other fomites.

title: Lack of correlation between virus barosensitivity and the presence of a viral envelope during inactivation of @entity1 rotavirus, @entity8310 virus, and XXXX by high-pressure processing.

entities_list: @entity8310 :: ('MESH:D054243', 'Disease') :: ['vesicular stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['HPP', 'High-pressure processing']

entities_list: @entity39005 :: ('38525', 'Species') :: ['avian metapneumovirus']

answer: @entity39005 :: (38525,Species) :: ['avian metapneumovirus']


abstract: PURPOSE: Cryptorchidism affects 2-8% of male newborns. There is a controversy regarding timing of surgery as well as indications for orchiopexy in @entity1 with retractile testicle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of @entity194 index (TAI) as a criterion of qualifying @entity1 with undescended testes for surgery as well as of monitoring the results of treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 1999-2000, 105 cryptorchid @entity1 , aged 1 to 15 years (mean 4.8) underwent unilateral orchiopexy. Dimensions and volume of testes were measured by means of scrotal US and TAI was calculated before and 1 year after surgery. RESULTS: Pre- and postoperative scrotal US measurements were analyzed in 35 @entity1 divided into five age dependent groups. The preoperative TAI values ranged from 27.1% to 52.8%. The biggest loss in volume of affected testis was found in @entity1 aged 4 to 10 years (35.4% to 52.8%). The TAI values measured one year after orchiopexy were lower than preoperative ones. Significant difference in TAI values, ranging from 18.16% to 36.43% were observed in @entity1 between 2 and 10 years (p < 0.001). In the youngest (0-2 yrs) and the oldest @entity1 (> 10 yrs) the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity194 index (TAI) proved to be a valuable and objective tool for qualifying @entity1 with undescended testes for surgery as well as for monitoring the results of treatment. Its value of 20% and more should be considered an indication for surgery in @entity1 with retractile testes.

title: The usefulness of XXXX index in the assessment of undescended testicle--preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['boys', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['testicular atrophy']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['testicular atrophy']


abstract: The usefulness of 1.5-T high-field intraoperative magnetic resonance (iMR) imaging during transsphenoidal surgery for functioning @entity977 was retrospectively evaluated based on long-term endocrine remission from the records of 14 @entity1 who underwent transsphenoidal surgery with iMR imaging for functioning @entity4611 and small @entity652 located in the intrasellar region. The maximum @entity5 diameter was 9.3    2.6 mm. @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity2012 (n = 7), @entity2013 (n = 4), and @entity699 (n = 3). If iMR imaging detected @entity5 remnants after resection, the resection cavity was reexamined and further resection was performed. Postoperative endocrine follow-up period was mean 33.7    13.3 months. @entity5 remnants were detected after the first resection in seven @entity1 . Further resection was performed in five of these @entity1 , and three achieved long-term endocrine remission. As a result, the overall long-term endocrine remission rate was 78.5% (11/14), instead of the 57.1% (8/14) that would be expected if iMR imaging had not been performed. Long-term endocrine remission had a tendency to be associated with the absence of @entity5 remnants on the final iMR images, but this was not significant (p = 0.09). Long-term endocrine remission was associated with presence of @entity5 remnants in the cavernous sinus on the final iMR images (p = 0.03). High-field iMR imaging is useful for depicting @entity5 remnants after resection, and increased the long-term endocrine remission rate for @entity1 with functioning @entity4611 and small @entity652 .

title: Use of high-field intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging during endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for functioning @entity4611 and small XXXX located in the intrasellar region.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary microadenomas']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Previous studies presented the Turkish population as a typical example of nations with low levels of high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-c). Nevertheless, some recent studies opposed this suggestion. We aimed to examine the traditional cardiovascular risk factors in young-middle age male military professionals, focusing especially on HDL-c. METHODS: In this observational and cross-sectional study, the data of 820 male military personnel between 20-50 years old (mean age: 35.3  6.9) who applied to the hospital for routine health examination were included. Blood biochemistry, arterial blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were noted. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis test and ANCOVA. RESULTS: The mean age was 35.3  6.9, body mass index was 25.8  3.4 kg/m2 and waist circumference was 93.1  8.7 cm. HDL-c, low-density @entity165 , @entity412 and fasting blood @entity413 levels were 47.6  11.3, 120.4  33.2, 150.4  86.4 and 96,6  13.0 mg/dL, respectively. Only 23.2% of the @entity1 had HDL-c level less than 40 mg/dL. The ratio of current smokers was 40.7%. Almost 66% of the @entity1 (n=545) were making regular exercise. Mean @entity551 were 124.1  13.0 and 75.7  9.3 mm Hg, respectively. CONCLUSION: The "mean" levels of traditional coronary risk factors were in almost "normal" limits in healthy young-middle age male military professionals that were examined. It must be emphasized that the HDL-c level, which was defined as "genetically low in Turks" in some previous epidemiologic studies, was not really low. This finding may be due to relatively favorable life style of the study population. On the other hand, some recent population studies in @entity233 had found HDL-c levels higher than it was thought. This issue needs further clarification in specific age groups without sedentary lifestyle.

title: Traditional coronary risk factors in healthy Turkish military personnel between 20 and 50 years old: focus on high-density lipoprotein XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressures']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: Activation of resting @entity19 B cells with anti-mu chain antibodies (anti-mu) leads to cell proliferation. We have investigated the effect of recombinant T cell interleukins ( @entity2047 to @entity777 ) on such anti-mu-induced proliferation. No proliferative response was detected when @entity2047 , @entity3019 and @entity777 , either alone or in combination with anti-mu, were studied. Furthermore, neither @entity33112 could induce proliferation when added alone to B cell cultures. However, when combined with anti-mu, @entity58 as well as @entity59 stimulated cell growth. Analysis by @entity1603 / @entity2455 flow cytometry revealed distinct effects of @entity58 and @entity59 on B cell growth. In the presence of anti-mu, both @entity33112 co-stimulated unfractionated splenic B cells. However, when B cells were separated into subpopulations by density, @entity58 proved to be a cell cycle progression factor, stimulating the majority of resting B cells to enter the cell cycle. In contrast, @entity59 had little effect on the resting fraction of B cells. Rather, @entity59 acted as a co-competence factor, stimulating predominantly low-density B cells. Following exposure of anti-mu alone, most B cells accumulated in the G1 of the second cycle. Upon addition of @entity58 , the cells acquired the ability to progress into the next S phase compartment. Contrary to what is seen when B cells are stimulated by other mitogens, very few cells are in the G2 compartments after anti-mu plus @entity58 stimulation. This phenomenon was not due to a differential cell cycle progression rate. Our findings provide an analytical basis for fractionating cell-cycle-compartment-specific B cells for their molecular study.

title: Differential activity of recombinant lymphokines on XXXX B cell proliferation and cell cycle progression are revealed by @entity1603 / @entity2455 dye flow cytometry.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ["5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine"]

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The nature of the response of conventional and @entity6689 + B cells to stimulation in vitro with optimal mitogenic concentrations of @entity558 was examined to elucidate the contributions of these B cell subsets in polyclonal B lymphocyte responses. Stimulation of @entity19 splenic lymphocytes with @entity558 resulted in an increase in total biomass, peaking at 72 h of culture. The viability of the cultures remained high (> 90%) until 48 h of culture. A combination of @entity3460 and @entity10713 (7AAD) exclusion in conjunction with PE-anti- @entity6689 and @entity2823 -anti-B220 enabled more detailed analysis of the cultures. The total number of conventional B cells, viable and non-viable, increased until 48 h of culture and then decreased when stimulated with @entity558 , while @entity6689 + B cells increased over the culture period. The numbers of conventional B cells in the control cultures decreased, but the @entity6689 + B cell numbers remained stable. An examination of the modes of @entity204 of the B cell subsets using 7AAD showed that unstimulated conventional B cells were apoptotic rather than degenerate but, following stimulation with @entity558 , apoptotic and degenerate cells were found. Apoptotic and degenerate @entity6689 + B cells were found in both stimulated and unstimulated cultures, but the percentage of these apoptotic and degenerate cells was increased significantly only at 72 h and 96 h of culture in stimulated cultures compared with 24 h onwards in the control cultures. Morphological analysis and gel electrophoretic studies of extracted DNA reflected these findings. It was also found that the increase in the number and percentage of non-viable cells in the cultures was not equal to the decrease in the number and percentage of viable cells. Activation of B cells was examined using expression of @entity8271 ( @entity8271 ) as a marker. When stimulated with @entity558 a greater proportion of conventional B cells expressed @entity8271 after 24 h of culture than in the control cultures; however, only at 72 h and 96 h of culture was the proportion of @entity6689 + B cells expressing @entity8271 significantly higher than in the control cultures. These results show that conventional B cells are stimulated to proliferate and to become activated by @entity558 and that @entity204 is apoptotic rather than degenerate or @entity39 . @entity6689 + B cells were also shown to be stimulated by @entity558 ; they became activated and @entity204 was delayed. The data suggest that in addition to the proliferative role, @entity558 acts to delay @entity204 and to activate conventional and @entity6689 + B cells.

title: Characterization of the mitogenic response of @entity19 XXXX + and conventional B lymphocytes to lipopolysaccharide.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity10713 :: ('MESH:C025942', 'Chemical') :: ['7-aminoactinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

answer: @entity6689 :: (12507(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD5']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of @entity3092 -filled @entity2434 liposomes (PCLs) on @entity6710 ( @entity29101 )-induced @entity943 . Experiments were done using different experimental models, including isolated @entity35 papillary muscle, Langendorff perfused @entity35 hearts, and anesthetized animals. Being exogenously applied in a concentration greater than 50 microM, @entity29101 - caused inhibition of isometric twitch amplitude in isolated papillary muscles and led to an appearance of @entity943 . Decomposed @entity29101 - had no similar effects and reversibly increased twitch amplitude. Authentic @entity842 (NO, 100 microM) did not produce @entity943 and had no significant effect on twitch amplitude. @entity1855 and @entity3739 red were with-out effect on @entity29101 - -induced @entity943 , whereas @entity1022 and @entity7976 effectively prevented @entity943 development. Ouabain increased the arrhythmogenic effect of @entity29101 -. @entity29101 - significantly decreased coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) and mean left-ventricular pressure (MLVP) in the Langendorff perfused @entity35 heart and produced severe @entity943 . Authentic @entity842 (NO) decreased CPP and MLVP insignificantly and resulted in a low incidence of @entity943 . The NO donor SIN-1 in doses greater than 50 microM led to the appearance of low-incidence @entity943 in anesthetized @entity35 . Intraventricular injection of @entity29101 - promotes the appearance of a high incidence of @entity943 in anesthetized @entity35 and decreased MLVP. PCLs filled with the antioxidant @entity3092 restored normal cardiac contractility in both isolated tissues and anesthetizes animals. In conclusion, we hypothesized that @entity29101 -, but not its decomposed products, can initiate membrane lipid peroxidation and damage the phospholipid environment of ionic channels in myocardial cell plasma membranes inducing abnormal cardiac action potentials, arrhythmogenesis, and @entity409 . @entity3092 -filled PCL provide reliable protection against @entity6710 -induced @entity296 in isolated cardiac tissues and anesthetized animals primarily as a result of the decomposition of endogenously formed @entity29101 -.

title: Arrhythmogenic @entity6710 -induced alterations in mammalian heart contractility and its prevention with XXXX -filled liposomes.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['contractile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity6710 :: ('MESH:D030421', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxynitrite']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin', 'Quercetin']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity7976 :: ('MESH:D020108', 'Chemical') :: ['nicorandil']

answer: @entity3092 :: (MESH:D011794,Chemical) :: ['quercetin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 708 Background: The standard radiation technique used for early stage @entity0 includes whole breast external beam irradiation (EBRT) plus an electron boost to the @entity5 bed, requiring 6-7 weeks of daily treatment. We initiated a phase II study for @entity1 with @entity8034 @entity0 in which IOERT was used as the boost, thus shortening the treatment days by 6-8 days. METHODS: Informed consent was obtained from all @entity1 . @entity1 underwent lumpectomy and @entity1600 ( @entity4298 ) biopsy. If the surgical margin and lymph nodes were free of disease by frozen section, 10 Gy was delivered to the @entity5 bed by IOERT. Three to 5 weeks later, 48 Gy EBRT was given to the whole breast in 24 fractions. Adjuvant systemic therapy, if indicated, was given after completion of EBRT. RESULTS: 37 @entity1 were enrolled in the study, and 28 received treatment per protocol. 9 @entity1 were excluded because of positive @entity4298 (5), @entity1 refusal (1), insurance issue (1), and more extensive surgery than initially planned (2). The median age was 67 (range: 39-81). Median @entity5 size was 1 cm (range: 0.1-2.6 cm). Median and minimum @entity5 -free margin was 1 cm and 0.25 cm, respectively. Extensive @entity3821 was present in 8 @entity1 . There was no increase in wound complications after IOERT. All but 4 @entity1 have completed their EBRT. The median follow-up time was 6.7 months (0.5-13 months). @entity358 was grade 0 for all @entity1 . A cost analysis showed significant saving compared to standard radiation. [Figure: see text] Conclusions: Early results of our study suggests that IOERT can be used as the @entity5 bed boost in lieu of 6-8 days of standard electron beam treatment with acceptable acute @entity137 , allowing a shortening of treatment time and decrease in cost. Longer follow-up is needed to evaluate the long term efficacy and side effects. The study continues to accrue @entity1 . No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Integration of intra-operative electron irradiation (IOERT) in breast conserving treatment for XXXX @entity0 : Early results of a phase II tria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac and lung toxicity']

answer: @entity8034 :: (9173,Gene) :: ['T1/T2N0']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3243 ( @entity3243 ) is a rare malignancy with a moderate prognosis. The staging system, prognostic indicators, and optimal surgical management are still under debate. This large cohort explores prognostic factors for @entity3243 . METHODS: 1,022 cases of @entity3243 in the 1998-2011 National Cancer Data Base that underwent surgery were examined for predictors of lower @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and relative risk (RR) of @entity204 at 5  years. RESULTS: The 5-year @entity1349 was 81.1% in 528 @entity1 with >= 60  months of follow-up. The overall cohort was mainly non-Hispanic (96.5%), white (77.4%), and insured (94.3%), with a median age of 57  years. Mean @entity1349 was lower and RR of @entity204 greater in older (P  <  .001), black (P  =  .007) @entity1 with a secondary malignancy (P  =  .015) and >= 2 comorbidities (P  =  .005), whose surgical specimen had positive surgical margins (P  =  .026) or positive lymph nodes (P  <  .001). Multivariate cox regression demonstrated that positive lymph nodes (hazard ratio [HR], 6.47; 95% CI, 1.81-23.11) and older age (HR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.25-4.43) were associated with lower @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: @entity3243 is a rare malignancy with a 5-year @entity1349 of 81.1%. Positive lymph nodes and older age predict lower @entity1349 and an increased risk of @entity204 .

title: XXXX in more than 1,000 @entity1 : A population-level analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['PC', 'Parathyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity3243 :: (MESH:D010282,Disease) :: ['Parathyroid carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Thrombolysis and open surgical revascularization are current options for the treatment of @entity63 ( @entity63 ). Despite the several randomized controlled trials comparing the two options, no single treatment can yet be recommended as a universal initial management of @entity63 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate contemporary endovascular and surgical revascularization for @entity63 . METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with @entity63 treated with endovascular revascularization (ER) or open revascularization (OR) between 2005 and 2011 were identified and reviewed. Procedural success and outcomes were compared between the two groups. Limb salvage and survival were assessed by time-to-event methods, including Kaplan-Meier estimation and competing-risks regression models. RESULTS: A total of 154 limbs were treated in 147 @entity1 in the ER group, compared with 326 limbs in 296 @entity1 in the OR group. The mean follow-up was 14     18.5  months. The majority of @entity1 presented with @entity63 (83% for OR, 90% for ER). In Rutherford II @entity1 , technical success was achieved in 90.7% of the OR group vs 79.9% of the ER group (P  = .002), with amputation rates of 10.0% vs 7.2% (P  = .35) at 30  days and 16.3% vs 13.0% (P  = .37) at 1  year, respectively. In Rutherford II @entity1 with failed bypass graft, technical success rate was 95.0% (OR) vs 75.0% (ER) (P  = .001), whereas the amputation rate was 6.3% vs 15.38% (P  = .13) at 30  days and 24.1% vs 23.1% (P  = .90) at 1  year, respectively. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 13.2% (OR) and 5.4% (ER) (P  = .012). Overall amputation rates were 13.5% (OR) vs 6.5% (ER) at 30  days (P  = .023) and 19.6% (OR) vs 13.0% (ER) at 1  year (P  = .074). The primary patency rate was 57% (OR) and 51% (ER) at 1  year (P  = .74). Predictors of limb loss by life-table analysis included @entity453 (hazard ratio [HR], 2.0; P  = .007) and Rutherford category III (HR, 19.0; P  < .001). Predictors of death by life-table analysis included age (HR, 1.03; P  < .001), @entity454 (HR, 7.28; P  < .001), @entity5 (HR, 1.65; P  = .005), and @entity1030 (HR, 1.61; P  = .005). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 presenting with class II @entity63 , ER or surgical OR resulted in comparable limb salvage rates. Although technical success is higher with OR for @entity1 presenting with failed bypass grafts, the amputation rates are  comparable. Overall mortality rates are significantly higher at 30  days and 1  year in the OR group.

title: Comparative effectiveness of endovascular versus surgical revascularization for acute lower extremity XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acute limb ischemia', 'Rutherford II ischemia', 'ALI']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Resuscitation from @entity1167 ( @entity23 ) often results in a poor neurological outcome possibly due to an incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology of @entity1545 following @entity23 -induced global @entity2806 . @entity2657 is an important manifestation after @entity23 and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to @entity2657 formation following focal @entity2806 . The objective of this study was to investigate the role of an MMP inhibitor, @entity718 , in @entity2657 . METHODS: Eighteen @entity35 were subjected to normothermic (37.5 +/- 0.5 degrees C) @entity23 induced by eight minutes of @entity2063 and assigned to a @entity23 ( @entity23 ), an @entity167 -placebo group ( @entity23 + @entity167 ), or a @entity718 -treated group ( @entity23 + @entity718 ). @entity718 in 100% @entity167 or a vehicle was given i.v. before @entity23 to achieve a whole blood concentration of 10 microM. Animals were resuscitated with CPR, ventilation and epinephrine. @entity2657 was determined by brain wet-to-dry weight ratio at one hour after resuscitation. FINDINGS: Brain wet-to-dry weight ratio was 4.86 +/- 0.09 in @entity23 , 4.76 +/- 0.12 in @entity23 + @entity167 (p = 0.30 vs. @entity23 ), and 4.72 +/- 0.03 in @entity23 + @entity718 (p = 0.17 vs. @entity23 and 0.42 vs. @entity23 + @entity167 ). INTERPRETATION: MMPs are not involved in @entity2657 formation one hour following @entity23 .

title: Matrix metalloproteinases are not involved in early @entity2657 formation after @entity1167 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['CA-elicited brain edema', 'Brain edema', 'brain edema']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'ETOH']

entities_list: @entity2063 :: ('MESH:C537571', 'Disease') :: ['asphyxiation']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['CA-control group', 'CA']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: A bioreactor was constructed and used to treat a synthetic wastewater containing @entity6190 and trace nutrients for about 190 days. The reactor was aerated by means of bundles of gas-permeable hollow-fiber membranes that were installed in the reactor. The membranes provided a specific surface area of 422 m(2)/m(3) and the external surface of the membranes rapidly became covered in an active biofilm. The membrane bundles were agitated by an internal gas recycle. The gas bubbles in the water encouraged fiber-fiber contact and were intended to control biofilm growth. Chemical @entity26 demand (COD) removals in excess of 95% were achieved in a 6h nominal detention time. Nitrification developed rapidly and complete oxidation of the influent @entity3104 was evident within 20 days. Even though the reactor was equipped with a large membrane surface area, the @entity26 was consumed within the biofilm growing on the membrane surface. As a result, the external dissolved @entity26 (DO) dropped to zero and the reactor was able to support essentially complete denitrification. After about 3 months of operation the reactor showed excellent removals of both COD and inorganic @entity1568 but the performance could not be sustained. Excess biofilm accumulation eventually contributed to a deterioration in process performance. This study demonstrates that while membrane aeration can provide simultaneous BOD and N removal in the same reactor, the membrane modules/bioreactor must be designed to allow for the development of thick biofilms. In addition, options for controlling the biofilm thickness need to be investigated.

title: COD and XXXX removal by biofilms growing on gas permeable membranes.

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

entities_list: @entity6190 :: ('MESH:C018824', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium acetate']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen']


abstract: In order to screen for @entity299 , we prospectively studied 15 @entity1 (age 8-25 years, mean 15.5 years) with @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) (n = 9) and Becker's ( @entity1555 ) (n = 6) @entity3986 using the echocardiogram. Data were compared to a control group of 92 healthy individuals (age 7.9-25 years, mean 14.3 years). Left ventricular filling in diastole showed a different pattern when comparing echocardiographic Doppler results in @entity1 and controls: @entity1 had lower peak velocity of early left ventricular diastolic filling (E-vmax)(P < 0.0001) and smaller time velocity integral of the E-wave (E-tvi)(P < 0.0001). In contrast, the atrial component (A-vmax, A-tvi) of diastolic filling in @entity1555 / @entity1555 showed no significant difference to controls. The mean area of the mitral valve orifice was significantly larger in @entity1 (P < 0.0001) without presence of @entity339 . Systolic left ventricular function was significantly impaired in the @entity1555 / @entity1555 group; we found lower heart rate corrected fiber shortening velocity VCFc (P < 0.001) and higher peak systolic wall stress (P < 0.001) in @entity1555 / @entity1555 . In 8 of 15 @entity1 , peak systolic wall stress was above 95th percentile of controls. In 6 of 15 @entity1 , VCFc was lower than the 5th percentile of controls. Systolic and diastolic @entity296 was found even in young @entity1 and at low stages of disability--equally among @entity1 with @entity1555 or @entity1555 . @entity1002 predominantly affected the early diastolic filling, but atrial compensation was poor. Peak systolic wall stress measurements were particularly useful in @entity1 with CMP, reflecting the left ventricular afterload.

title: X-chromosomal (p21) @entity3986 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial impairment']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Diastolic left ventricular impairment']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular diastolic and systolic function']


abstract: This study examined self-reported adult sexual functioning in individuals reporting a history of childhood @entity458 (CSA) in a representative sample of the Australian population. A sample of 1793 @entity1 , aged 18-59 years, were randomly selected from the electoral roll for Australian states and territories in April 2000. Respondents were interviewed about their health status and sexual experiences, including unwanted sexual experiences before the age of 16 years. More than one-third of @entity1 and approximately one-sixth of @entity1 reported a history of CSA. @entity1 were more likely than @entity1 to report both non-penetrative and penetrative experiences of CSA. For both sexes, there was a significant association between CSA and symptoms of @entity250 . In assessing the specific nature of the relationship between @entity458 and @entity250 , statistically significant associations were, in general, evident for @entity1 only. CSA was not associated with the level of physical or emotional satisfaction respondents experienced with their sexual activity. The total number of lifetime sexual partners was significantly and positively associated with CSA for females, but not for males; however, the number of sexual partners in the last year was not related to CSA. CSA in the Australian population is common and contributes to significant impairment in the sexual functioning of adults, especially @entity1 . These consequences appear not to extend to the other areas of sexual activity considered in this study.

title: XXXX in childhood and @entity250 in adulthood: an Australian population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['Sexual abuse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the blood supply of the pedicle fat grafts with the third lumbar segmental artery and its clinical effects on reoperation for @entity890 . METHODS: Twelve sides of 6 adult cadaver examples were contributed to investigate the courser of lumbar segmental vessels and the distribution of hypodermic capillary net of the dorsal branch of the third lumbar segmental artery. From January 2000 to January 2007,49 @entity1 needed reoperation to treat @entity890 ,including 26 males and 23 females with an average age of 55.6 years (ranged from 39 to 70 years). Duration between two operations ranged from 8 months to 15 years with an average of 6.9 years. Reoperative reasons included recurrent lumbar disc protrusion(30 cases)postoperative epidural scar formation (17 cases), postoperative epidural cyst formation (2 cases). Of them,9 @entity1 underwent posterior lumbar interbody fusion at the second operation. The pedicle fat grafts with the third lumbar segmental artery were covered on the sites of the laminectomy in these @entity1 . After negative pressure drainage tube were pulled out, 2 ml Chitsan were injected to the sites of the laminectomy and around epidural nerve root through epidural catheter. VAS score and the @entity717 Index (ODI) were used to assess clinical outcomes before and after operation. RESULTS: The courser of third lumbar segmental vessels were invariant at the lateral face of the lumbar vertebral body. The dorsal branch of the third lumbar segmental artery penetrated thoracolumbar fascia and formed rich hypodermic capillary net in the region. All @entity1 were followed up from 5 to 8 years with an average of 5.6 years. VAS score of low back @entity158 and leg @entity158 decreased respectively from preoperative 7.6 +/- 1.2, 8.9 +/- 0.9 to 3.6 +/- 0.5, 3.0 +/- 0.4 at final follow-up (P < 0.01); and ODI score decreased from preoperative 44.1 +/- 6.2 to 13.9 +/- 3.6 at final follow-up (P < 0.01). According to ODI score to evaluate the clinical outcomes, 29 cases got excellent results, 11 good, 7 fair, 2 poor. CONCLUSION: The pedicle fat grafts with the third lumbar segmental artery and Chitsan can reduce epidural scar formation and prevent peridural @entity82 and @entity1104 and improve clinical effects of reoperation for @entity890 .

title: [Anatomic investigation of the pedicle fat grafts with the third lumbar segmental artery and its application in reoperation for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['lumbar disc herniation']


abstract: The relationship between sexual and physical abuse history and negative health effects has been well-documented in medical facility samples. Few studies have examined the role of abuse history and its relationship with chronic fatigue and @entity146 in a diverse, randomly selected community-based sample. The present study compared rates of different types of abuse events in individuals with chronic fatigue and non-symptomatic controls. Relationships between specific types of abuse and @entity146 commonly associated with chronic fatigue were also explored. A stratified random sample of 18,675 adults residing in ethnically and socioeconomically diverse neighborhoods in Chicago first completed a telephone screening questionnaire. A control group and a group of individuals with chronic fatigue symptomatology were identified and administered a semi-structured psychiatric interview assessing DSM-IV @entity146 and a sexual and physical abuse history questionnaire. Controlling for sociodemographic differences, fatigue outcome was significantly predicted by childhood @entity458 and the total number of different childhood abuse events. Within the chronic fatigue group, diagnosis of @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) was significantly predicted by childhood @entity458 , childhood death threat, the total number of childhood abuse events, and lifetime abuse events. @entity458 during adolescence or adulthood significantly predicted other @entity148 among individuals with chronic fatigue. These findings suggest that a history of abuse, particularly during childhood, may play a role in the development and perpetuation of a wide range of disorders involving chronic fatigue. Among individuals with chronic fatigue, @entity1005 and other @entity148 appear to demonstrate the strongest association with abuse history. The implications of these findings are discussed.

title: Chronic fatigue, abuse-related traumatization, and XXXX in a community-based sample.

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse', 'Sexual abuse']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders', 'Axis I psychiatric disorders']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Approximately 25 per cent of @entity1 with @entity5 who undergo neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy have no evidence of @entity5 in the resected specimen (complete pathological response). Those who do not respond have a poor 5-year survival compared with complete responders, regardless of whether or not they undergo surgery. Selecting for surgery only those who have a response to neoadjuvant therapy has the potential to improve overall survival as well as to rationalize the management of non-responders. This study assessed the accuracy of oesophagogastroscopy in this setting. METHODS: A prospective database of 804 @entity1 undergoing oesophageal resection for @entity189 was reviewed. Endoscopic assessment of the response to neoadjuvant therapy in 100 consecutive @entity1 was compared with the pathological assessment of response. The survival for each level of response was compared. RESULTS: At endoscopy 30 @entity1 were considered to have had a complete response. This was confirmed pathologically in 15 @entity1 . Survival was improved in those with a pathologically confirmed complete response (3-year survival rate 62.4 (s.e. 12.9) per cent) compared with non-responders (16.3 (s.e. 6.6) per cent). Those with microscopic @entity66 also had an improved 3-year survival rate (46.3 (s.e. 12.2) per cent); however, oesophagogastroscopy failed to identify this subset. CONCLUSION: Oesophagogastroscopy may be useful in the assessment of @entity5 response to neoadjuvant therapy. However, owing to its poor accuracy @entity1 should not be excluded from further therapeutic intervention on the basis of this assessment alone.

title: Use of oesophagogastroscopy to assess the response of XXXX to neoadjuvant therapy.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['oesophageal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A study was carried out to elucidate the anatomical and functional outcome after surgical excision of subfoveal @entity1940 in @entity1714 . METHODS: Sixty-five @entity1 with @entity1714 (> or =6 diopters), well-defined subfoveal neovascular membranes on @entity941 angiography and preoperative visual acuity < or =20/100 were selected for surgery. A standardized surgical technique was used in all cases, by a single surgeon. The main outcomes assessed were Snellen visual acuity, surgical retinal pigment epithelium defect and postoperative perfusion of the choriocapillaris. Multifactor analysis of variance and chi-square/Fisher's exact test statistics were used to assess the association between @entity1 ' pre- and postoperative characteristics and outcome measures. RESULTS: Follow-up ranged from 6 to 48 months (mean 16 months). Mean postoperative visual acuity (0.18) was significantly better than mean preoperative visual acuity (0.09). Visual acuity improved by at least two lines in 29 eyes (45%) and was unchanged in 24 (37%). Overall, 43 eyes (66%) had visual acuity of 20/200 or better and 15 (23%), 20/60 or better. Predictive factors with a significant effect on final visual acuity were mean visual acuity, preoperative status of retinal pigment epithelium and postoperative perfusion of the choriocapillaris. Postoperative perfusion was detected in 31 (48%) of the total 65 eyes and in 12 (67%) of the 18 eyes with normal retinal pigment epithelium at baseline. The mean postoperative retinal pigment epithelium defect was 4.6 times larger than the original neovascular membrane. In selected @entity1 , SLO macular scotometry showed areas of retained retinal sensitivity within the @entity2318 . CONCLUSION: The natural history of @entity2295 in @entity1714 is rarely visually restorative. By contrast, surgical excision of the membranes is feasible and may restore visual acuity in selected @entity1 . This therapeutic approach merits a formal multicenter clinical trial.

title: Surgical removal of subfoveal XXXX in @entity1714 .

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascular membranes']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic scar']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['subfoveal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['high myopia']

answer: @entity1940 :: (MESH:D020256,Disease) :: ['choroidal neovascular membranes']


abstract: AIMS: @entity944 resulting from @entity943 is the most common consequence of @entity299 . Certain @entity943 caused by abnormal impulse formation including @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) are associated with delayed afterdepolarizations resulting from diastolic @entity141 release (DCR) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Despite high response of @entity1165 to agents directly affecting @entity141 cycling, the incidence of refractory cases is still significant. Surprisingly, these @entity1 often respond to treatment with @entity4024 + channel blockers. However, the relationship between @entity4024 influx and disturbances in @entity141 handling immediately preceding @entity943 in @entity1165 remains poorly understood and is the object of this study. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed optical @entity141 and membrane potential imaging in ventricular myocytes and intact cardiac muscles as well as surface ECGs on a @entity1165 @entity19 model with a mutation in cardiac calsequestrin. We demonstrate that a subpopulation of @entity4024 channels (neuronal @entity4024 channels; nNav) colocalize with @entity8452 receptor @entity141 release channels ( @entity23395 ). Disruption of the crosstalk between nNav and @entity23395 by nNav blockade with @entity10891 reduced and also desynchronized DCR in isolated cardiomyocytes and in intact cardiac tissue. Such desynchronization of DCR on cellular and tissue level translated into @entity943 in @entity1165 @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: Thus, our study offers the first evidence that nNav contribute to arrhythmogenic DCR, thereby providing a conceptual basis for mechanism-based antiarrhythmic therapy.

title: Neuronal XXXX channel blockade suppresses arrhythmogenic diastolic @entity141 release.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia', 'CPVT']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden death']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['decreased arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias', 'cardiac arrhythmias']

answer: @entity4024 :: (D012964,Chemical) :: ['Na+']


abstract: Reproductive performance is increasingly considered as a 'barometer' of general well-being of the mother. A normal maternal 'metabolic health' status is essential to safeguard successful ovulation, conception and further embryo development. When alterations in serum metabolites are reflected in the oocyte and embryonic micro-environment, these metabolic changes can affect follicle health, oocyte development and even subsequent embryo physiology. The search continues for signals that may be critically affecting the early developmental stages in life. Years of expertise in animal in vitro embryo culture models contribute to the awareness on the influence of elevated non-esterified @entity844 ( @entity3691 ) concentrations on follicle cells, oocyte and embryo quality. High @entity3691 concentrations in the blood are known to alter the follicular micro-environment. The latter alterations in @entity3691 concentrations have been associated with a disappointing fertility outcome through disabled ovarian cell function and reduced oocyte's developmental competence. Even more, elevated @entity3691 concentrations during @entity291 oocyte maturation influence the subsequent embryo characteristics. This review provides a cross-species overview on the consequences of elevated @entity3691 concentrations, originating from maternal lipolytic conditions, on female fertility, with particular focus on the early stages in life. Thereby, we will describe to what extent elevated serum @entity3691 concentrations are a potential threat around the period of conception.

title: Reduced oocyte and embryo quality in response to elevated non-esterified XXXX concentrations: a possible pathway to subfertility?

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: In this study, a selective and sensitive LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 method for the determination of trace amounts of @entity33910 ( @entity11984 ) and @entity26397 proxetil (CPDXPR) contaminants in manufacturing environments was developed. The necessary sensitivity of this method was estimated based on the detection limit for @entity3397 required by the FDA and the total surface area and volume of the manufacturing facility. The detection limits of this method were estimated to be 10 pg/ml for @entity11984 and 5 pg/ml for CPDXPR from the signal to noise ratio and as a result satisfactory sensitivity was achieved. The method was linear in a concentration range from 0.20 to 3.20 ng/ml. The accuracy and precision were verified by the determination of the amount of @entity11984 and CPDXPR added to the sampling materials, a glass plate and a @entity3440 fiber filter. The mean recoveries of nine replicated determinations from the glass plate were 99.1% with 5.58%R.S.D. for @entity11984 and 97.1% with 3.80%R.S.D. for CPDXPR, and those from the @entity3440 fiber filter were 100.7% with 4.50%R.S.D. for @entity11984 and 95.4% with 2.85%R.S.D. for CPDXPR. This method has been successfully applied to the determination of @entity11984 and CPDXPR contaminants in samples collected from an actual manufacturing environment.

title: LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 method for the determination of trace amounts of XXXX and @entity26397 proxetil contaminants in pharmaceutical manufacturing environments.

entities_list: @entity33910 :: ('MESH:D015311', 'Chemical') :: ['cefmetazole']

entities_list: @entity26397 :: ('MESH:C053268', 'Chemical') :: ['cefpodoxime']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['Penicillin G']

answer: @entity33910 :: (MESH:D015311,Chemical) :: ['cefmetazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Monitoring changes in electrical skin conductance has been described as a potentially useful tool for the detection of acute @entity158 in adults. The aim of this study was to test the method in pediatric @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 180 postoperative pediatric @entity1 aged 1-16 yr were included in this prospective, blinded observational study. After arrival in the recovery unit, @entity158 was assessed by standard clinical @entity158 assessment tools (1-3 yr: Face Legs Activity Cry Consolability Scale, 4-7 yr: Revised Faces Scale, 8-16 yr: Visual Analogue Scale) at various time points during their stay in the recovery room. The number of fluctuations in skin conductance per second (NFSC) was recorded simultaneously. RESULTS: Data from 165 @entity1 were used for statistical analysis, and 15 @entity1 were excluded. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve for predicting moderate to severe @entity158 from NFSC was 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.79-0.85). Over all age groups, an NFSC cutoff value of 0.13 was found to distinguish between no or mild versus moderate or severe @entity158 with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 64% (positive predictive value 35%, negative predictive value 97%). CONCLUSIONS: NFSC accurately predicted the absence of moderate to severe @entity158 in postoperative pediatric @entity1 . The measurement of NFSC may therefore provide an additional tool for @entity158 assessment in this group of @entity1 . However, more research is needed to prospectively investigate the observations made in this study and to determine the clinical applicability of the method.

title: Monitoring electrical skin conductance: a tool for the assessment of postoperative pain in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity1184 differentiation and endochondral ossification of growth cartilage are regulated by a complex array of signaling peptides, including @entity58409 ( @entity58409 ), Indian hedgehog ( @entity58410 ), and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). This study investigated the expression of @entity58410 , @entity58411 (Ptc1, Ptc2), @entity58412 ( @entity58412 ), @entity58413 , and @entity58414 , in naturally acquired @entity6995 , using an @entity1641 model. Cartilage was harvested from @entity6995 ( @entity6995 ) affected femoropatellar or scapulohumeral joints from immature @entity1641 and normal control @entity1641 of similar age. @entity58410 , Ptc1, @entity58412 , @entity58413 , and @entity58414 mRNA expression levels were evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR. Spatial tissue expression was determined by in situ hybridization for @entity58410 and @entity58412 and immunohistochemistry for Ptc1 and Ptc2. The expression of @entity58410 was significantly increased in @entity6995 cartilage compared to normal control cartilage and was localized mainly to the deep layer of articular cartilage, just above the calcified zone, with some mild expression also present in the middle cartilage layer. The expression of @entity58413 was significantly decreased in @entity6995 samples, but there was no significant difference in expression of @entity58414 , Ptc1 and @entity58412 in @entity6995 cartilage compared to normal cartilage. The expression of Ptc1 protein was present at the junction of deep and calcified layers, while Ptc2 protein was expressed throughout the middle, deep, and calcified cartilage layers. Spatial expression of @entity58412 was variable between animals and confined mainly to the middle and deep layers when present. Half of the @entity6995 samples displayed areas of moderate to strong @entity58412 expression compared to mild or minimal expression in normal controls. The increased @entity58410 expression in @entity6995 suggests a role of @entity58410 in diseased cartilage, although it is not known if a @entity58409 / @entity58410 feedback cycle exists in articular cartilage. The disparity between increased @entity58410 expression and decreased @entity58413 expression in @entity6995 cartilage suggests a different primary transcription factor for @entity58410 or the presence of an elevated @entity58410 inhibitor in these tissues.

title: Expression patterns of hedgehog signaling peptides in naturally acquired @entity1641 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6995 :: ('MESH:D055034', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondrosis', 'OC', 'articular osteochondrosis']

entities_list: @entity58409 :: ('100033979(Tax:9796)', 'Gene') :: ['PTH-rP', 'parathyroid hormone-related protein']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertrophic']

answer: @entity6995 :: (MESH:D055034,Disease) :: ['osteochondrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The safety of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) insertion in @entity746 ( @entity746 ) @entity1 with significant respiratory compromise has been questioned. OBJECTIVES: To review the characteristics of an @entity746 clinic @entity1 cohort undergoing PEG, and the introduction of a risk stratification tool with procedural adaptations for higher-risk individuals. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing PEG insertion were analysed (n   =   107). Cases stratified as higher-risk underwent insertion in a semi-recumbent position, minimising sedation, with the option of nasal non-invasive ventilation. RESULTS: All underwent successful PEG. One-third had pre-procedure FVC <= 50% (mean, 64        22%). Of those who underwent PEG insertion after introduction of risk stratification (n   =   58), 39 (67%) met criteria for being higher risk, 16 (41%) of whom had FVC <= 50% (p   =   0.005). High-risk @entity1 received lower sedative doses vs. the low-risk group ( @entity1363 2.1        1.1 vs.2.8        0.95mg, p   =   0.021; @entity3575 42        16 vs. 60        21 g, p   =   0.015). Four @entity204 occurred within one month of insertion (attributable to the natural disease course). CONCLUSIONS: Risk stratification identified a greater number of @entity1 with evidence of respiratory compromise than using the sole criterion of FVC <= 50%. A modified PEG procedure enabled safe insertion despite respiratory compromise, in those who might not have tolerated attempted insertion by alternative means such as radiologically-inserted gastrostomy.

title: A risk stratifying tool to facilitate safe late-stage percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['ALS']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of complications and adverse outcomes due to herpes @entity6435 before and after the introduction of oral antiviral medications in a community-based setting. METHODS: We identified all Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents diagnosed with acute herpes @entity6435 from 1976 through 1998. The frequencies of complications within 6 months of disease onset were compared between untreated @entity1 vs those treated with antivirals. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Defined complications were @entity2194 due to herpes @entity6435 . Adverse outcomes included visual acuity of 20/200 or worse, @entity5055 , or eyelid malposition requiring surgical treatment. RESULTS: A total of 202 @entity1 had been treated with antivirals, and 121 had not. @entity1036 was the only complication that was less likely in the treated group (3.3% vs 0%; P =.02). The probability of an adverse outcome at 5 and 10 years was 8.9% among untreated @entity1 and 2.1% among treated @entity1 (P =.009). Among @entity1 who had been treated, the mean time from symptom onset to initiation of therapy was 4.8 days in those who developed @entity1036 , @entity3279 , @entity3170 , @entity1596 , or @entity726 compared with 3.8 days in those who did not (P =.006). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1036 was less frequent among @entity1 who received antiviral therapy. However, among treated @entity1 , development of a serious inflammatory complication was associated with a delay in therapy. Most important, adverse outcomes were less probable in the treated group. These data may support the early and routine use of systemic antiviral therapy for acute herpes @entity6435 .

title: Herpes XXXX in olmsted county, Minnesota: have systemic antivirals made a difference?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular sequelae']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['stromal keratitis', 'Neurotrophic keratitis']

entities_list: @entity6435 :: ('MESH:D006563', 'Disease') :: ['zoster ophthalmicus']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity5055 :: ('MESH:D058457', 'Disease') :: ['trichiasis']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

entities_list: @entity3170 :: ('MESH:D015423', 'Disease') :: ['scleritis']

answer: @entity6435 :: (MESH:D006563,Disease) :: ['zoster ophthalmicus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is a historical review of the method of "Ex vivo dual perfusion of a @entity1 placental cotelydon", which was first described by M. Panigel in 1967. The subsequent evolution of this method is described with particular emphasis on energy metabolism of @entity1 placental tissue under ex vivo conditions. METHOD: For perfusion of the foetal compartment a pair of a chorionic arterial and venous vessel is cannulated. In the original method a remnant of the spiral artery of that cotyledon was catheterized to provide access to the maternal compartment. To simplify the procedure access to the intervillous space later was achieved by penetration of the decidual plate with 3 to 5 cannulae. RESULTS: Due to a remarkable tolerance of ischaemia energy dependant transport of @entity1522 and de novo synthesis of proteins remain functional in spite of a delay of 20 to 30 min. until start of the two ex vivo circuits. With medium containing only physically dissolved @entity26 the high demand of @entity26 of the tissue can only partially be met. @entity519 leads to metabolic reprogramming with reduction in mitochondrial @entity26 consumption and an increase in anaerobic glycolysis. Addition of erythrocytes to the medium is highly effective in increasing @entity26 supply at physiological partial pressure with stimulation of aerobic glycolysis and de novo synthesis of proteins. Increasing the number of maternal cannulae leads to a better distribution of haemoglobin free medium with physiological partial pressure of @entity26 giving median values of @entity26 content inside the intervillous space close to target values. CONCLUSION: Ex vivo dual perfusion of a @entity1 placental cotelydon allows to study functional aspects of this organ under close to in vivo conditions. A remarkable tolerance of ischaemia permits a start of dual perfusion ex vivo with a delay of 20 to 30 min. after delivery without significant tissue damage.

title: IFPA senior award lecture: Energy metabolism of XXXX placental tissue studied by ex  vivo perfusion of an isolated cotyledon.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic hypoxia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity5513 ( @entity5513 ) are relatively slow @entity5 . However, some rapidly regrow or recur after surgical resection. The objective of this study was to identify those molecular characteristics predicting rapid recurrence after surgical resection. Immunohistochemically determined expressions of several cell cycle regulators and apoptosis-associated proteins in 12 cases of aggressive VS (AVS) and in 15 control cases of @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) cases were compared. The expressions of @entity876 and @entity589 (pro-apoptotic protein), @entity588 (anti-apoptotic protein), Fas, and @entity12 (apoptotic death receptor and ligand), @entity522 (apoptotic effector caspase proteins), and @entity5438 and @entity3544 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors) were analyzed using tissue array blocks. Loss of @entity5438 expression was observed in 8 of 12 AVS cases (67%) and in 3 @entity2416 cases (20%); @entity3544 was expressed in all cases. Loss of @entity589 was observed in 3 AVS and 3 @entity2416 cases. The anti-apoptotic protein, @entity588 , was expressed in 9 AVS (75%) and 11 @entity2416 (73%), and @entity876 , @entity12 , and @entity522 were negative and Fas was positive in all AVS and @entity2416 cases. Of these, only the loss of @entity5438 was statistically significant (P = 0.02). The loss of @entity5438 in AVS may explain the unusually high proliferative potential of AVS versus @entity2416 , and @entity5438 may be a predictor of VS @entity146 . The expressions of other apoptosis associated proteins were not significantly different in the two groups. This may be the first report to identify a molecular entity associated with aggressive VS. However, further studies are required.

title: Aggressive @entity5513 showing postoperative rapid growth - their association with decreased XXXX expression.

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['VSs', 'Vestibular schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['growing tumors']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

answer: @entity5438 :: (3429,Gene) :: ['p27']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of @entity8665 and @entity7695 on visual function in @entity23 ( @entity23 ) of @entity13785 @entity1 . METHODS: Relevant studies were identified by searches on PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library database up to April 2014. Three investigators independently determined the eligibility of @entity23 , which compared @entity8665 and @entity7695 intervention with placebo. The adjusted @entity353 ( @entity353 ) from each study were extracted to calculate a pooled estimate with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). The main outcome measurements included visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), glare recovery time (GRT), and subjective perception of @entity227 . RESULTS: Eight @entity23 involving 1176 @entity13785 @entity1 were included in the meta-analysis. Xanthophyll carotenoids supplementation was associated with significant decrease in logMAR levels compared with the placebo group (WMD, -0.04; 95% CI, -0.06 to -0.03), and during intervention, each 1-mg/day increase in these carotenoids supplementation was related to a 0.003 reduction in logMAR level of VA. Remarkable benefit was also observed at all four spatial frequencies of CS (WMD ranging from 0.08-0.18; all P < 0.05) in contrast to placebo. Furthermore, association was observed between the postintervention increase in macular pigment optical density and improvements in VA (r = -0.58; P = 0.02), and in CS at 12 cycles/degree as well (r = 0.94; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity8665 and @entity7695 supplementation is a safe strategy for improving visual performance of @entity13785 @entity1 , which mainly showed in a dose-response relationship.

title: @entity8665 and XXXX supplementation and association with visual function in age-related macular degeneration.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual quality']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMDs', 'weighted mean differences']

entities_list: @entity7695 :: ('MESH:C005881', 'Chemical') :: ['zeaxanthin']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity8665 :: ('MESH:D014975', 'Chemical') :: ['lutein', 'Lutein']

answer: @entity7695 :: (MESH:C005881,Chemical) :: ['zeaxanthin']


abstract: Intra-fraction organ motion during the dynamic delivery of IMRT treatment of @entity2 may cause unexpected hot/cold spots even within the target volume, due to the interplay effect between @entity5 motion and multi-leaf collimator (MLC) leaf motion. In the past, this has been investigated through theoretical analysis, computer simulation, and experimental measurement using an ionization chamber dosimeter. In the work presented here, the interplay effect was studied experimentally in 2D, using Kodak @entity13891 films. A five-field lung IMRT plan was delivered to a solid water phantom with embedded film. The phantom was placed on a motor-driven platform with a sinusoidal motion to simulate the respiration induced @entity5 motion. The delivery of each field began at one of eight equally spaced initial breathing phases. The dose distribution for each treatment fraction was estimated by combining the dose distributions for all fields with randomly sampled initial breathing phases. The dose variation caused by the interplay effect was estimated by looking at the dose values from 1000 trials of 30 fractions. It was found that, on a day-to-day basis, the standard deviation of the dose to a given pixel in the high dose region could be as high as 2-3% due to the motion interplay effect. After thirty fractions, the standard deviation in the dose to each pixel is reduced to about 0.3-0.5%. However, compared to the static delivery, the dose distribution from a thirty-fraction case in the presence of motion shows some under-dosing in the region of interest. Our results indicate that the interplay effect is of no significant consequence to @entity5 dose coverage in lung IMRT delivery over the entire course of a thirty-fraction treatment.

title: Measurement of the interplay effect in lung IMRT treatment using XXXX films.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors']

answer: @entity13891 :: (1912,Gene) :: ['EDR2']


abstract: Studies have explored the predictors of CAM use but fewer data explain the psychosocial factors associated with this and why @entity1 continue with CAM. AIMS: To examine the psychosocial factors that predict CAM use; to explore the predictors of continuing with CAM. DESIGN: A cross sectional survey. METHODS: 1256 adults were interviewed as part of 2012 Queensland Social Survey. We included questions about CAM, perceived control, cognitive style, spirituality and @entity1538 . Relationships were explored using bivariate and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: 79% of @entity1 had used CAM in the last 12 months. Socio-demographics, health behaviours, spirituality, @entity1538 and prescribing sources were the strongest predictors of CAM use. General health, @entity102 and prescribing sources predicted continued CAM use. CONCLUSION: There was high CAM use in Queensland, Australia. Personal characteristics and psychosocial factors need to be considered as part of the individual's holistic assessment and on-going care.

title: Psychosocial factors that predict why XXXX use complementary and alternative medicine and continue with its use: A population based study.

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: Brain atlases contain a wealth of information that could be used in radiation therapy or neurosurgical planning. Until now, however, when large space-occupying @entity5 and lesions drastically alter the shape of brain structures and substructures, atlas-based methods have been of limited use. In this work, we present a new technique that permits a @entity75 to be warped onto image volumes in which large lesions are present. First we show that a method previously used for atlas-based segmentation of normal brains can also be used for brains with small lesions. We then present an extension of this technique for brains with large lesions. This involves several steps: a global registration to bring the two volumes into approximate correspondence; a local registration to warp the atlas onto the @entity1 volume; the seeding of the warped atlas with a @entity5 model derived from @entity1 data; and the deformation of the seeded atlas. Global registration is performed using a mutual information criterion. The method we have used for atlas warping is derived from optical flow principles. Preliminary results obtained on real @entity1 images are presented. These results indicate that the proposed method can be used to automatically segment structures of interest in brains with gross deformation. Potential areas of application for this method include automatic labeling of critical structures for radiation therapy and presurgical planning.

title: @entity75 in the presence of small and large space-occupying XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain atlas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish a @entity157 ( @entity157 ) cell line from lung metastatic lesions of @entity1 @entity157 in @entity19 so as to provide suitable model for the study of lung- @entity3 -related molecular mechanisms. METHODS: @entity157 clone cells MHCC97-H were inoculated subcutaneously into @entity19 . The pulmonary metastatic lesions were harvested from the moribund animals and then re-implanted into the @entity19 for the second round of selection. The same procedure was repeated twice. New cell line from the third round of lung @entity3 was thus established and the following parameters were studied: morphology, in vitro growth curve, plate efficiency, migration, karyotype, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry for @entity7007 , albumin and cytokeratin 8 ( @entity14436 ), flourescent PCR for @entity97 DNA, tumorigenicity and spontaneous @entity3 via subcutaneous injection and orthotopic implantation of @entity5 tissue. RESULTS: The cell line established from nude @entity19 lung @entity3 was designated as HCCLM3, consisting of polygonal epithelial cells with hypotriploid karyotype, its main range of chromosome being 55 - 58. The cell population doubling time was 34.9 hours, plate efficiency @entity19 +/- 3.2%, and cell migration rate @entity19 microm/h. The cells were positive for @entity7007 , albumin, @entity14436 , and @entity3842 and negative for @entity899 , nm23 and HBsAg. Fluorescent PCR showed @entity97 DNA integration into cellular genome. When 5 x 10(6) cells were injected subcutaneously into @entity19 , the tumorigenicity was 100% with a latency period of 11 +/- 1 d. Five weeks after subcutaneous injection, the pulmonary metastatic rate was 100%, the median number of lung @entity3 being 121 per @entity19 . After orthotopic implantation of @entity5 tissue into nude @entity19 liver for 35 d, wide spread regional and distant @entity3 occurred, the metastatic rate was 100% for abdominal wall, 80% for organs in abdominal cavity, 100% for liver, 70% for diaphragm, and 100% for lung. The median number of lung metastatic lesions was 268 per @entity19 . CONCLUSION: A new @entity157 cell line has been established, which is characterized by high pulmonary @entity3 via both @entity11102 . It provides a new model for the study of @entity96 @entity3 .

title: [Establishment of XXXX @entity157 cell line with spontaneous pulmonary @entity3 through in vivo selection].

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity11102 :: ('MESH:D002372', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous and orthotopic inoculation']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The effect of changes of dietary @entity2827 intake and posture on plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration and renal function was studied in 11 normal @entity1 volunteers. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration was higher in the upright posture on a high than it was on a medium or low salt diet. On the medium and high but not on the low salt diet the concentration increased significantly on adoption of the supine posture. @entity1011 , @entity1372 , @entity1091 and fractional @entity1091 clearances, fractional distal @entity1372 excretion and total distal water and @entity1372 reabsorption, which were estimated by the @entity1091 clearance technique, were significantly higher on the high than on the low salt diet. The medium salt intake gave intermediate values. Heart rate while upright was significantly higher on the low than on either the medium or the high salt diets. Systolic blood pressure was unaffected by salt intake. Diastolic blood pressure in the supine position was significantly higher on the low than on the medium or high salt diets. Both plasma @entity1063 concentrations and plasma @entity916 activity were significantly higher on the low than on the high salt diet. Values on the medium salt intake were intermediate. Plasma concentrations of both hormones were higher in the upright than in the supine posture on all three salt intakes. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that atrial natriuretic peptide contributes to the cardiovascular and renal adjustments to changes in dietary @entity2827 , and the possible role of the peptide is discussed.

title: Effect of dietary @entity2827 and posture on plasma immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity53449 (FE) fibers are similar to other amphibole asbestos fibers. The scientific relevance of FE is due to its ability to lead to @entity32 and @entity105 in lung tissue shown after its inhalation. These fibers stimulate aberrant host cell proliferation and induce the release of cytokines, growth factors, reactive @entity26 and @entity3542 species, which results in DNA damage. In previous studies, we showed that FE induces functional modifications in @entity742 and @entity1 lung fibroblasts and alveolar epithelial cells, where the overexpression of several molecules probably involved in pathological cellular mechanisms induced by FE exposition have been detected. However, the mechanisms of cellular and molecular @entity137 and the cellular response to FE fibers are still not well known. @entity49269 , @entity59084 and @entity59085 are molecules involved in @entity105 and in inflammatory process. In this study we analyzed, through immunohistochemistry, their expression in the lung tissue of @entity742 exposed to FE. Our results showed different patterns of immunolabeling for @entity49269 , @entity59084 and @entity59085 . @entity49269 and @entity59084 were more expressed in FE exposed lung tissue, when compared with the control. On the contrary, @entity59085 was more expressed in non exposed lung tissue. These results suggest that @entity49269 , @entity59084 and @entity59085 are probably involved in different pathological processes induced by FE fiber exposition. The aim of the study was to better understand the mechanisms of cellular and molecular @entity137 and of cellular response to FE fibers in order to identify, in the future, a possible therapeutic intervention in cases of FE-associated pathogenesis.

title: XXXX , @entity59084 and Aquaporin 1 expression in lung tissue exposed to @entity53449 fibers: an immunohistochemical study.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity49269 :: ('MESH:D015820', 'Chemical') :: ['N-cadherin', 'N-Cadherin']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity53449 :: ('MESH:C492470', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluoro-edenite']

answer: @entity49269 :: (MESH:D015820,Chemical) :: ['N-Cadherin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The newly developed 2-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI) allows assessment of left ventricular (LV) rotation and twist. The aims of the present study are to establish normal values and to examine the effect of aging and gender on these parameters. METHODS: We studied 228 healthy subjects (109 males, mean age 44    15 years, ranged 18-78 years). LV longitudinal and circumferential strain, rotation and twist were assessed by 2D-STI at basal, middle and apical levels of @entity851 and apical 2-, 4- and 3-chamber views. RESULTS: The mean global LV longitudinal and circumferential strains were -20.4    3.4% and -22.9    3.1%, respectively. Of the 2,736 segments analyzed, 110 (8%) and 128 (9.4%) segments did not have optimal images for the assessment of basal and @entity717 . The basal rotation (-9.6    2.5  ) was significantly lower than @entity717 (11.2    4.3  , p<0.0001) with a mean LV twist of 20.5    4.5  . The longitudinal strain decreased with aging, which was accompanied by significant augmentations in circumferential strain, @entity1002 and twist. There was no gender difference for rotational and twist measurements which had acceptable inter and intra-observer variabilities. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of @entity1002 and twist are feasible with 2D-STI. Older age rather than gender seems to augment global @entity1002 and twist. This may be the compensatory mechanism as a result of aging-related decline in subendocardial function. These data can serve as the references for further evaluation of pathological @entity296 in various @entity65 .

title: Effect of age and gender on left XXXX and twist in a large group of normal adults--a multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial motions']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['parasternal short-axis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['apical rotation']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV rotation']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['ventricular rotation']


abstract: We have investigated the effects of changing the dosage or kind of @entity172 administered to immature chicks on the synthesis of two egg white proteins, ovalbumin and @entity58964 , and the accumulation of their mRNAs. The results suggest that the oviduct can become desensitized to @entity172 . Ovalbumin accounted for 25% of oviduct protein synthesis in chicks treated with low dose of @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ; 0.5 mg/day) for 14 days. Within several days after the dosage of @entity172 had been increased 10-fold, ovalbumin synthesis fell to undetectable levels. The synthesis of @entity58964 also became undetectable when the dosage of @entity172 was increased. Throughout the above experiment both ovalbumin and @entity58964 mRNA activity, as measured by cell-free translation, remained elevated. This implies that expression of the ovalbumin and @entity58964 genes may be regulated at the level of translation. In a separate experiment, ovalbumin and @entity58964 synthesis also decreased when chicks primed with DES pellets were given an increased dosage of @entity172 . Ovalbumin synthesis fluctuated, but overall decreased from 25% of oviduct protein synthesis after priming with DES pellets to 16% of oviduct protein synthesis after 7-12 days of injections of @entity4520 (1 mg/day). At the same time, @entity58964 synthesis decreased from 10% to 6% of oviduct protein synthesis. In contrast with the previous results, changes in ovalbumin and @entity58964 mRNA activity paralleled changes in ovalbumin and @entity58964 synthesis. Thus, not only can the oviduct become desensitized to @entity172 , desensitization can be mediated at different levels of gene expression.

title: Desensitization of the chick oviduct to XXXX : mediation at different levels of gene expression.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

entities_list: @entity4520 :: ('MESH:C074283', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol benzoate']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: Insulin sensitivity (IS) is determined by genetic and environmental factors, including diet. The @entity2204 gene promoter @entity47539 polymorphism is associated with @entity301 and increased postprandial @entity1674 -rich lipoprotein concentration, circumstances related to insulin resistance. Thus, our aim was to determine whether this polymorphism modified the IS response to dietary fat in healthy young adults. Volunteers (n = 43) with the @entity2204 /E3 genotype (8 GG, 25 GT and 10 TT) completed 3 dietary periods, each lasting 4 wk. They first consumed a @entity10194 -rich diet [38% fat (% of energy in the total diet), 20% @entity10194 (% of energy in the total diet)], and then, in a randomized, crossover design, a @entity1735 ( @entity435 )-rich diet (30% fat, 55% @entity435 ) or a @entity8981 ( @entity8981 )-rich diet (38% fat, 22% @entity8981 ). After each diet period, we investigated peripheral IS using the insulin suppression test. The steady-state plasma @entity413 (SSPG) concentration was lower (P < 0.05) in GG subjects than in GT and TT individuals, regardless of the diet consumed. Significant diet x genotype interactions were found for SSPG and plasma nonesterified FFA (NEFA) concentrations. Thus, the shift from the @entity10194 -rich diet to the @entity8981 - or @entity435 -rich diets decreased (P < 0.05) the SSPG and NEFA concentrations in GG and GT, but not in TT subjects. In conclusion, carriers of the -219T allele are less insulin sensitive than GG individuals. Furthermore, only carriers of the -219G allele have improved IS when @entity8981 - or @entity435 -rich diets are consumed instead of a @entity10194 -rich diet.

title: The XXXX gene promoter ( @entity47539 ) polymorphism determines insulin sensitivity in response to dietary fat in healthy young adults.

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity8981 :: ('CHEBI:25413', 'Chemical') :: ['MUFA', 'monounsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein E']


abstract: Twenty six @entity1 with mild or moderate @entity447 and inhibitors are described. The inhibitor was detected at a median age of 33 years, after a median of 5.5 @entity548 episodes. This usually following intensive replacement therapy. The median presenting inhibitor titre was antihuman 11.6 BU/ml, antiporcine 1.45 BU/ml. Plasma basal factor VIII level declined from a median of 0.08 IU/ml to 0.01 IU/ml following the inhibitor development. This caused spontaneous @entity548 in 22 and a @entity548 pattern similar to acquired @entity447 in 17. Bleeding was often severe and caused two @entity204 . The inhibitor disappeared spontaneously, or following immune tolerance induction, in 16 cases after a median of 9 months (range 0.5-46), with a return to the original baseline VIIIC level and @entity548 pattern accompanied inhibitor loss. The inhibitor persisted in the remainder of the cases over a median period of 99 months (range 17-433 months) of follow-up. Inhibitors are an uncommon complication of mild @entity447 which frequently persist and may be associated with severe, life-threatening, @entity548 . Forty-one percent of treated haemophilic family members had a history of factor VIII inhibitors, suggesting a familial predisposition to develop inhibitors in these kindreds. Sixteen @entity1 from 11 families were genotyped. Seven different missense mutations affecting the light chain were detected and two in the A2 domain. Five @entity1 from three families had a mutation causing a substitution of Trp2229 by @entity2569 in the C2 domain which appears to predispose to inhibitor formation since 7 of the 18 affected individuals have a history of inhibitor development.

title: Factor VIII inhibitors in mild and moderate-severity @entity447 . UK XXXX Centre Directors Organisation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia', 'haemophilia A']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['Haemophilia']