abstract: UNASSIGNED: Asthma is a @entity1030 characterized by @entity32 centered upon bronchial epithelium. House dust mite is one of the most common respiratory allergens that trigger exacerbations of @entity565 . IkB   (gene @entity29104 ) is a recently recognized member of the NFkB family that can be induced in both mononuclear phagocytes and lung epithelial cells and has been shown to play a prominent role in epithelial cell function. We therefore analyzed IkB  's role in regulating lung epithelial cell cytokine responses to @entity6711 ( @entity6711 ). We found that @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells express IkB  , and release @entity650 and @entity2841 when co-cultured with @entity1 monocytes and @entity6711 . This response is blocked in the presence of @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ) indicating that it is @entity1356 mediated. Interestingly, neither @entity6711 -stimulated macrophages nor dendritic cells release @entity1356 and subsequently induce cytokine release from the bronchial epithelial cells. @entity11704 LPS (RS-LPS), a TLR4 antagonist, blocks the ability of @entity6711 to induce IkB   and release @entity2841 from epithelial cells co-cultured with monocytes. Additionally, the @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells show no induction of IkB   or cytokine responses to direct @entity6711 stimulation. Finally, @entity29104 siRNA-mediated knockdown in the bronchial epithelial cells suppresses the release of @entity1356 induced @entity650 and @entity2841 . Our findings indicate a possible role for monocyte recruitment and lung epithelial cell IkB   in mediating @entity565 associated @entity32 . Thus, IkB  , @entity1193 and RS-LPS deserve future study as potential modulators of house dust mite induced @entity565 .

title: House Dust Mite Allergens Induce Monocyte XXXX Production Triggering an IkB   Dependent @entity2841 Release from @entity1 Lung Epithelial Cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity11704 :: ('1063', 'Species') :: ['Rhodobacter sphaeroides']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1Ra', 'IL-1 receptor antagonist']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease']

entities_list: @entity6711 :: ('MESH:D008924', 'Disease') :: ['house dust mite mix', 'HDM']

answer: @entity1356 :: (3553,Gene) :: ['IL-1b']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intravenous @entity2379 , with or without @entity4895 , is usually standard therapy for @entity1330 in @entity1 with the @entity791 ( @entity791 ). @entity2380 , an oral @entity10998 agent, represents a promising new approach to the treatment of @entity1330 . METHODS: In a randomized multicenter trial, we compared intravenous @entity2379 with oral @entity2380 as primary therapy for @entity791 -associated @entity1330 . Eligible @entity1 , in all of whom the diagnosis had been confirmed by culture, were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive either @entity2380 (200 mg per day) or @entity2379 . Treatment was considered successful if the @entity1 had had two consecutive negative cerebrospinal fluid cultures by the end of the 10-week treatment period. RESULTS: Of the 194 eligible @entity1 , 131 received @entity2380 and 63 received @entity2379 (mean daily dose, 0.4 mg per kilogram of body weight in @entity1 with successful treatment and 0.5 mg per kilogram in @entity1 with treatment failure; P = 0.34). Treatment was successful in 25 of the 63 @entity2379 recipients (40 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 26 percent to 53 percent) and in 44 of the 131 @entity2380 recipients (34 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 25 percent to 42 percent) (P = 0.40). There was no significant difference between the groups in overall mortality due to @entity1328 ( @entity2379 vs. @entity2380 , 9 of 63 [14 percent] vs. 24 of 131 [18 percent]; P = 0.48); however, mortality during the first two weeks of therapy was higher in the @entity2380 group (15 percent vs. 8 percent; P = 0.25). The median length of time to the first negative cerebrospinal fluid culture was 42 days (95 percent confidence interval, 28 to 71) in the @entity2379 group and 64 days (95 percent confidence interval, 53 to 67) in the @entity2380 group (P = 0.25). Multivariate analyses identified abnormal mental status (lethargy, somnolence, or obtundation) as the most important predictive factor of a high risk of @entity204 during therapy (P less than 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2380 is an effective alternative to @entity2379 as primary treatment of @entity1330 in @entity1 with @entity791 . Single-drug therapy with either drug is most effective in @entity1 who are at low risk for treatment failure. The optimal therapy for @entity1 at high risk remains to be determined.

title: Comparison of @entity2379 with @entity2380 in the treatment of acute @entity791 -associated @entity1330 . The NIAID Mycoses Study Group and the XXXX Clinical Trials Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin', 'amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluconazole', 'fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity1330 :: ('MESH:D016919', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcal disease', 'acute cryptococcal meningitis', 'cryptococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity10998 :: ('CHEBI:38597', 'Chemical') :: ['triazole']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['flucytosine']

entities_list: @entity1328 :: ('MESH:D003453', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcosis']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome', 'AIDS']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent studies have demonstrated the intimate relationship between @entity308 and immune disturbances. Aware of the efficacy limits of existing antidepressant drugs and the potential anti-inflammatory properties of @entity22364 , we sought to evaluate the use of @entity22364 as a @entity308 treatment. We used a @entity35 model of @entity308 induced by repetitive lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administrations. We have studied @entity146 , by assessing daily body weight, open field behavior, and @entity1505 plasmatic levels. @entity148 -like behavior (light-dark test), @entity308 -like behavior (forced swim test), plasmatic levels of the @entity2136 ( @entity2136 , @entity308 biomarker), and central @entity40 ( @entity40 ) expression (an astrocyte biomarker) were also evaluated. LPS induced body @entity353 , open field @entity146 (decreased locomotion and rearing, and increased immobility), and increased @entity1505 levels in @entity35 , compared with control group. Thus, LPS induced @entity146 . LPS also increased the immobility and reduced climbing in the forced swim test, when compared with the control group, i.e., LPS induced @entity308 -like behavior in @entity35 . @entity22364 prevented @entity146 after four days of consecutive treatment, as well as prevented the @entity308 -like behavior after five days of consecutive treatments. @entity22364 also prevented the increase in @entity40 expression induced by LPS. Neither LPS nor @entity22364 has influenced the @entity148 and @entity2136 levels of @entity35 . In conclusion, repetitive LPS administrations induced sickness @entity146 in @entity35 . @entity22364 prevented both sickness @entity146 via neuroinflammatory pathway. The present findings may contribute to a better understanding and treatment of @entity308 and associated diseases.

title: XXXX Prevents Sickness Behavior and Depressive-Like Behavior Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in @entity35 via Neuroinflammatory Pathway.

entities_list: @entity2136 :: ('24225(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['BDNF', 'brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity22364 :: ('MESH:C032114', 'Chemical') :: ['propentofylline', 'Propentofylline']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavior impairments', 'behavior and depressive-like behavior', 'sickness behavior']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity40 :: ('24387(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

answer: @entity22364 :: (MESH:C032114,Chemical) :: ['Propentofylline']


abstract: There is growing evidence that adherence to the recommended duration of antidepressant therapy results in reduced medical costs compared with nonadherence, and that the likelihood of adhering to therapy is not equivalent across the selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). As such, the purpose of this study was to assess differences in 6-month medical costs between @entity903 controlled-release (CR) and immediate-release (IR) SSRI agents in a retrospective analysis of @entity1 initiating SSRI therapy identified from the Integrated Healthcare Information Services National Managed Care Benchmark Database during a 2.5-year time frame. Inferential analyses were performed to evaluate differences in 6-month medical costs, controlling for differences in age, sex, utilization of psychiatric specialty care services, titration, pre-period costs, and comorbidity measures. Of the 146 075 @entity1 included in this study, approximately 7% received @entity903 CR. Approximately 29.5% of @entity1 had an @entity148 diagnosis; 26.0% had a @entity308 -only diagnosis; and 13.2% had comorbid @entity148 and @entity308 . The 6-month medical costs were 244 US dollars lower for @entity1 initiating with @entity903 CR compared with the average medical costs for @entity1 receiving IR SSRIs. @entity903 CR also had the lowest medical costs compared with each individual SSRI evaluated. After log transformation of costs and adjustment for baseline covariates, the aggregated IR SSRIs were associated with 8.7% higher 6-month medical costs than @entity903 CR (P <.001) and even greater costs after stratifying by diagnosis: 12.5% higher costs in @entity1 with @entity148 , 14.3% higher costs in @entity1 with @entity308 , and 15.9% higher costs in @entity1 with comorbid @entity148 and @entity308 (P <.001 for all). Each individual IR SSRI was also associated with significantly higher medical costs than @entity903 CR, irrespective of diagnosis. As demonstrated, medical costs over a 6-month time frame were significantly greater for IR SSRIs versus @entity903 CR, even after adjusting for background characteristics and stratifying by diagnosis. Future studies should measure rates of adherence in relation to medical outcomes over an expanded time frame.

title: Differences in total medical costs across the SSRIs for the treatment of @entity308 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['Paroxetine', 'paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: PURPOSE: A multicenter phase II study to evaluate the antitumor effect and safety of @entity1205 in combination with @entity900 as first-line chemotherapy for advanced @entity43 . METHODS: Enrolled in the study were 45 @entity1 who were to receive six courses of @entity1205 75 mg/m(2) plus @entity900 75 mg/m(2) every 21 days with hydration and @entity134 prophylaxis after initial debulking surgery. Imaging techniques and radiography were used to assess clinical @entity5 response, and second-look surgery was required for @entity1 with complete clinical responses and for those without clinically measurable disease. RESULTS: The overall clinical response rate in 29 @entity1 with clinically measurable disease was 58% (41% complete response). A complete pathologic response was seen in 9 of 34 @entity1 who underwent second-look laparotomy, while microscopic disease was found in 10 @entity1 . The median time to progression was 14.4 months (95% CI 8.4-20.4 months), with a median overall survival of 43 months (95% CI 21.1-65.0 months). @entity1 received a median number of six cycles at a dose intensity of 98%. Grade 3-4 @entity1398 was seen in 80% of @entity1 , but was manageable. No @entity1 withdrew because of fluid retention. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity1205 with @entity900 confers high clinical and pathologically verified @entity5 response rates and is well tolerated in the first-line management of advanced @entity43 .

title: A multicenter phase II study of XXXX and @entity1205 (Taxotere) in the first-line treatment of advanced @entity43 : a GINECO study.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Ambulatory systolic-diastolic pressure regression index (ASDPRI) as a composite marker of cardiovascular (CV) properties is related to CV complications. However, genetic determinants of ASDPRI are not known. The aim of this study is to report the relationship between certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and ASDPRI in @entity101 @entity1 with CAD confirmed by coronary angiography. METHODS: A total of 1345 @entity101 subjects with CAD were included. SNPs were selected from genome-wide association studies. SNPs were reported to be associated with @entity453 risk. There were significant differences in 24   h and daytime and nighttime ASDPRIs for PHCTR1, LPA and @entity40231 polymorphisms. Genetic risk score (GRS18) was constructed to evaluate additive effect of 18 SNPs for ASDPRI. RESULTS: Analysis of covariance revealed a significant relationship between the PPAB2B (b   -   0.85; 95   CI -1.85--0.16, p   <   0.02), @entity60314 (b   -   1.31; 95   CI -2.19--0.43, p   < 0.01) polymorphisms and nighttime ASDPRI dipping. Analysis of covariance revealed a significant relationship between GRS 18 and 24-h ASDPRI (b 0.34; 95   CI 0.16-0.31, p   <   0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, @entity40231 and LPA polymorphisms are related to 24-h ASDPRI but PPAB2B and @entity60314 gene polymorphisms are associated with nighttime ASDPRI dipping. A total of 24-h ASDPRI is determined by GRS18.

title: Elevated ambulatory systolic-diastolic pressure regression index is genetically determined in @entity101 XXXX with coronary heart disease.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Modulation of the membrane excitability of @entity35 parasympathetic @entity4494 neurons by muscarinic receptors was studied using an @entity2379 -perforated patch-clamp recording configuration. Activation of muscarinic receptors by @entity5592 -M (OxoM) depolarized the membrane, accompanied by repetitive action potentials. OxoM evoked inward currents under voltage-clamp conditions at a holding potential of  -60  mV. Removal of extracellular @entity141 markedly increased the OxoM-induced current (IOxoM). The inward IOxoM in the absence of extracellular @entity141 was fully inhibited by removal of extracellular @entity4024 , indicating the involvement of non-selective cation channels. The IOxoM was  inhibited by organic cation channel antagonists including @entity21808 and @entity6935 . The IOxoM was  antagonized by muscarinic receptor antagonists with the following potency: @entity4139  >  @entity4140  =  @entity15247  >  @entity10258 . Muscarinic toxin 7 (MT-7), a highly selective inhibitor for M1 receptor, produced partial inhibition of the IOxoM. In the presence of MT-7, concentration-inhibition curve of the M3-preferring antagonist @entity15247 was shifted to the left. These results suggest the contribution of M1 and M3 receptors to the OxoM response. The IOxoM was inhibited by @entity4385 , a phospholipase C inhibitor. The membrane-permeable @entity9423 blocker @entity9422 also inhibited the IOxoM. Furthermore, pretreatment with @entity2426 and @entity11008 inhibited the IOxoM, while @entity10756 , a blocker of @entity141 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, had no effect. These results suggest that the activation mechanism involves a PLC pathway, release of @entity141 from intracellular @entity141 stores and calmodulin. The cation channels activated by muscarinic receptors may play an important role in neuronal membrane depolarization in @entity35 @entity4494 neurons.

title: Muscarinic receptor-mediated excitation of XXXX @entity4494 neurons.

entities_list: @entity10258 :: ('MESH:C054938', 'Chemical') :: ['methoctramine']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity9422 :: ('MESH:C511704', 'Chemical') :: ['xestospongin C']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['intracardiac ganglion']

entities_list: @entity15247 :: ('MESH:C101207', 'Chemical') :: ['darifenacin']

entities_list: @entity5592 :: ('MESH:D010095', 'Chemical') :: ['oxotremorine']

entities_list: @entity4140 :: ('MESH:D010890', 'Chemical') :: ['pirenzepine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity63 , which is a @entity2054 , needs urgent treatment in order to nourish corpora cavernosa. As the first step, the @entity1173 of blood and/or the irrigation of the cavernosal bodies are performed to prevent fibrotic activity and secure erectile capability. While performing @entity1173 and irrigation, there are some risks of the procedure in which most refrained one is cardiovascular side effects of adrenergic agonists. We aimed to evaluate extracorporeal transient distal penile corporoglanular shunt technique in place of @entity1173 / irrigation techniques for early @entity63 treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this transient shunt technique, a sterile closed system blood collection set (BD Vacutainer, Cat. No.: 367282; NJ, USA), which has two 21G needles, was used. The length of the needle and tubing was 19 mm. (0.75 inch) and 178 mm. (7 inches), respectively. This blood collection set was designed to be used not only for blood collection but can also be used for short term infusions (maximum 2 hours). RESULTS: Ten @entity1 out of fifteen with early @entity63 were successfully treated with this transient shunt technique. The permanent detumescence achieved in the first 10 minutes in nine out of fifteen @entity1 .No additional procedure needed after the disappearance of @entity2003 in successfully treated @entity1 . The permanent detumescence achieved in the first 10 minutes in nine out of fifteen @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that this extracorporeal transient shunt technique gets some advantages over @entity1173 and irrigation in early @entity63 treatment. Our results indicate thatthe presented technique to be offered for the @entity1 with an @entity63 episode of no more than 7 hours.

title: Extracorporeal transient distal penile corporoglanular shunt in early XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic priapism', 'ischemic priapism']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic priapism']


abstract: The author evaluated 203 consecutive @entity1 with severe @entity764 admitted to the @entity130 center between 1985 and 1989. The goal was to identify risk factors that play a significant role in mortality of @entity1 with @entity358 . There were 160 @entity1 and 43 @entity1 . The average was 33 years (range 2 to 92 years); 178 @entity1 were younger than 60 years and 25 were older. There were 183 motor vehicle or motorcycle accidents, five gun shot wounds, one stab wound, five falls from height, three industrial accidents, one altercation, and five other undetermined causes. One hundred and fifty-nine @entity1 survived; 44 died (22%). Their injury severity scores averaged 27 (range 9 to 59) for the survivors and 43.5 (range 17 to 75) for the nonsurvivors. Fifty-seven per cent of the @entity1 required mechanical ventilation. The average time on the ventilator was 4.4 days (range 1 to 47 days) for the survivors and 14.2 days for the nonsurvivors (range 1 to 126 days). Of the @entity1 less than 60 years old, 34 (20%) died, but 10 (40%) of the 25 @entity1 older than 60 years died. Average @entity190 was 1,047 cc (range 0 to 14,300 cc), but the difference was not statistically significant between survivors and nonsurvivors in the authors' series. @entity149 were present in 80 (40%) of the @entity1 and were associated with @entity204 in 30 (68%) of the cases. Age, severity of injury, associated @entity542 , and shock were the most important factors affecting survival in the authors' @entity1 with @entity358 .

title: Survival in @entity130 victims with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['Injuries to the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest trauma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary contusion']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary contusion']


abstract: The sense of coherence (SOC) may explain why some @entity1 become ill under stress whereas others remain healthy. SOC is strongly related to perceived health, particularly mental health. Little is known about the physical and mental health statuses associated with SOC among general hospital outpatients in China. This multicentre cross-sectional study analysed 491 outpatients from four large Chinese general hospitals located in Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu and Kunming. @entity1 completed questionnaires examining their SOC (SOC-9), somatic symptom severity (PHQ-15), @entity308 (PHQ-9), @entity148 ( @entity148 ), health @entity148 (WI-7), quality of life (QoL; SF-12) and socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. SOC was negatively correlated with daily-life impairment, symptom duration, somatic symptom severity, @entity308 , @entity148 and health @entity148 , but was positively correlated with age as well as physical and mental QoL. Using a multiple linear regression model, the three strongest correlates of SOC were mental QoL, @entity308 and age. These three variables explained 52% of the variance. SOC may be an important contributor to both mental and physical health in Chinese general hospital outpatients, which is consistent with the results obtained for primary care @entity1 in Western countries. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate how SOC predicts physical and mental health statuses over time and how these statuses respond to treatment for low SOC.

title: Sense of coherence contributes to physical and mental health in general hospital XXXX in China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['generalised anxiety disorder', 'GAD', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity161 @entity1 generally perform poorly on tasks that address executive functions. According to several imaging studies, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is hypoactive in @entity161 @entity1 during these tasks. It is not, however, clear whether this finding is associated more with impaired performance than with the illness itself, as performance has not been taken into account. We examined brain activity associated with executive function in @entity161 using an experimental fMRI design that reveals performance effects, enabling correction for performance differences between groups. As this approach has not been reported before, and because brain function can be affected by medication, the effect of antipsychotic medication was also investigated. A task was used that requires logical reasoning, alongside a closely matched control task. Performance was accounted for by including individual responses in fMRI image analyses, as well as in group-wise analysis. Effects of medication were addressed by comparing medication-na  ve @entity1 and @entity1 on atypical antipsychotic medication with healthy controls in two separate experiments. Imaging data were analysed with a novel, performance-driven method, but also with a method that is similar to that used in earlier studies, which reported hypofrontality. A modest reduction in performance was found in both @entity1 groups. Brain activity associated with logical reasoning was correlated positively with performance in all groups. In @entity1 on medication, activity did not differ from that in controls after correcting for difference in performance. In contrast, performance-corrected activity was significantly elevated in medication-na  ve @entity1 . This study indicates that @entity161 may be associated with excessive recruitment of brain systems during logical reasoning. Considering the fact that performance was reduced in the @entity1 , we argue that the efficiency of neural communication may be affected by the illness. It appears that in @entity1 on atypical antipsychotic medication, this neural inefficiency is normalized. The study shows that performance is an important factor in the interpretation of differences between @entity161 @entity1 and controls. The reported association between performance and brain activity is relevant to clinical imaging studies in general.

title: Excessive recruitment of neural systems subserving logical reasoning in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenic']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity3610 confers an increased risk for @entity164 2 @entity6 in affected @entity1 as early as adolescence. First-degree relatives (FDRs) of affected @entity1 are at increased risk for associated reproductive and metabolic phenotypes. OBJECTIVE: We sought to prospectively assess insulin sensitivity and secretion and to measure reproductive hormone levels using sensitive techniques. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Twelve premenarchal FDR @entity1 and 10 control @entity1 of comparable age, Tanner stage, and body mass index were studied at an academic medical center. INTERVENTIONS: Frequently sampled intravenous @entity413 tolerance tests and oral @entity413 tolerance tests were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Reproductive hormone levels, lipid profiles, @entity413 tolerance, and frequently sampled iv @entity413 tolerance test parameters of insulin sensitivity and secretion were investigated. RESULTS: @entity894 ( @entity894 ), insulin secretion corrected for insulin sensitivity, was decreased in FDR compared with control @entity1 at baseline (P = .01), independent of dysglycemia. Decreases in @entity894 persisted in FDR @entity1 during the 2-year follow-up (P = .003). T levels were increased (P = .02) in FDR compared with control @entity1 at baseline, but this difference did not persist because T levels increased in control @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity894 is decreased in peripubertal FDR @entity1 , and this decrease persists as puberty progresses. These findings suggest that b-cell dysfunction is an early defect in @entity413 homeostasis preceding decompensation in @entity413 tolerance in FDR @entity1 . T levels were increased in FDR @entity1 earlier than previously reported, but these changes did not persist, suggesting an earlier onset of pubertal increases in glandular @entity342 secretion in FDR @entity1 .

title: Persistent Apparent Pancreatic b-Cell Defects in XXXX Relatives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'girls', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['Polycystic ovary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['Disposition index', 'DI']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['Premenarchal PCOS']


abstract: Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor ( @entity19454 ) is known as a principal receptor for adenovirus commonly used as a gene delivery vector. Down-regulation of @entity19454 is often detected in several @entity5 types. Epigenetic modifiers such as histone deacetylase inhibitor @entity783 (depsipeptide) have been shown to increase @entity19454 expression as well as the uptake of adenovirus in @entity150 in vivo and in vitro, indicating that altered transcriptional regulation of @entity19454 is the key mechanism responsible for the decreased @entity19454 levels in this @entity5 . In this study, we screened agents that could induce @entity19454 expression in @entity150 cells. Fifty-eight drugs with various chemical properties were tested. @entity4260 and plant @entity6400 were found to exhibit the ability to induce @entity19454 gene expression in combination with @entity783 . @entity670 , the natural @entity3093 found in @entity1460 , when combined with @entity783 , exerts a synergistic effect on @entity19454 gene and protein expression in @entity150 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation results showed an increased histone acetylation in the @entity19454 promoter gene, which is due to the suppression of histone deacetylase activity by both agents. Also, our data indicated that combination treatment is a potent chemotherapeutic regimen for @entity150 cells and the subsequent administration of recombinant adenovirus could further eliminate the remaining cells. Taken together, our results provide a strong rationale for combining chemotherapeutic and gene therapeutic agents to enhance the therapeutic efficacy in @entity150 .

title: Mechanism of increased coxsackie and adenovirus receptor gene expression and adenovirus uptake by phytoestrogen and histone deacetylase inhibitor in human XXXX cells and the potential clinical application.

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['Genistein']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3093 :: ('CHEBI:18220', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavone']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity4260 :: ('MESH:C018986', 'Chemical') :: ['Ipriflavone']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavones']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: Although histologically benign, @entity976 can regrow either from macroscopic remnants of the @entity5 left behind at operation, or even after an apparently gross total removal. Recurrence rates vary significantly in the literature, depending on the efficacy of surgical treatment and also on the growth potential of the @entity5 itself. The main factor influencing @entity5 regrowth is obviously the extent of surgical resection, as total removal carries a much lesser risk of recurrence compared to subtotal or partial resections (although in such cases radiation therapy can lower this risk significantly). Other factors involved are the duration of follow-up and @entity1 's age at operation, as @entity1 tend to relapse more frequently than adults. Even in the "microsurgery" era, characterized by high percentages of total resections, recurrences remain high and continue to represent a major problem of @entity976 treatment. Twenty-seven @entity1 and adolescents were operated on for @entity976 at the Department of Neurosurgery, Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Catholic University Medical School, Rome between June 1985 and June 1997. Total @entity5 resection was achieved in 18 cases, subtotal in 7 and partial in 2 instances. One @entity1 died post-operatively. Post-operative neuroradiological investigations confirmed the operative findings, although 3 @entity1 with an apparently gross total removal showed a residual non-enhancing @entity460 fleck adherent to the @entity2339 (which remained stable at the following examinations). Three of the 9 @entity1 with less than total removal underwent post-operative radiation therapy. Out of the 26 surviving @entity1 6 presented a recurrence of their @entity976 , 2 after an apparently gross total removal and 4 after a subtotal or partial resection (one of them had received radiation therapy). The diagnosis was merely neuroradiological in 5 cases, as only one @entity1 presented a clinical picture suggestive of @entity5 regrowth. Surgery was the first therapeutic option in all the cases. Total @entity5 resection was accomplished in 3 cases, subtotal in 2 and partial in the last one. One @entity1 died post-operatively. Four of the 5 survivors received radiation therapy. All the @entity1 are presently alive and stable (mean follow-up: 5.6 yrs). The authors conclude that surgery should be the first therapeutic option in case of recurrent @entity976 and that radiation therapy should also be considered but only as adjuvant therapy.

title: Management of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngioma']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['craniopharyngioma']


abstract: Background This study aimed to evaluate the role of biomarkers in the pathophysiological process induced by a @entity794 obtained in a hospital environment. For this, we intraperitoneally inoculated groups of male BALB/c @entity19 with @entity794 , using a clinical isolate (CI) of @entity794 . Material and Methods @entity19 were divided into groups according to time of euthanasia (24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours of @entity281 ). After being euthanized, blood samples were collected for quantification of microorganisms and leukocytes, as well as measurement of biomarkers of @entity5 necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and @entity1904 (PCT) by ELISA. Heart, kidneys, and lungs were removed for histopathological analysis, assessment of biomarkers of tissue expression by RT-PCR (polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcriptase), and quantification of microorganisms by real-time quantitative PCR (real-time PCR). Results The animals infected at between 120 hours and 168 hours had the highest blood levels of @entity794 . We observed that @entity281 promoted increases in the levels of circulating neutrophils and monocytes. However, there was a reduction of circulating neutrophils and monocytes after 96 hours of @entity281 . The infected @entity19 also had increased levels of blood lymphocytes. In this model of @entity281 with @entity794 , IL-6, CRP, and PCT demonstrated greater fidelity as markers of @entity281 , since serum levels were elevated and lowered along with the number of circulating neutrophils and monocytes after resolution of the @entity281 . The lungs showed @entity450 , with @entity1283 . On the other hand, @entity281 with @entity794 did not promote visible change in histological tissue in the heart and kidneys. Conclusions In this model of @entity281 with @entity794 , IL-6, CRP, and PCT demonstrated greater fidelity as markers of @entity281 , since serum levels were elevated and lowered along with the number of circulating neutrophils and monocytes after resolution of the @entity281 . We believe our results may provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology, as well as aid in the search for a more reliable method of diagnosis.

title: Sepsis Induced by @entity794 : Participation of Biomarkers in a XXXX Model.

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['Procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['enlargement of the alveolar septa']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus strain', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cortical metabolic alterations that precedes @entity73 in @entity191 ( @entity1726 ). METHODS: We analyzed the data of 46 @entity1726 @entity1 who did not have @entity303 at baseline and completed 3-year follow-up. Based on the results of general cognitive, memory and visuospatial tests, @entity1 were classified into cognitively normal @entity1726 ( @entity1726 ), @entity1726 ( @entity1726 ), and @entity303 ( @entity303 ). The regional cerebral @entity413 metabolism at rest was measured using @entity419 positron emission tomography. Voxel-wise effect size analyses were performed to delineate abnormal metabolic patterns associated with changes in cognitive status in @entity1726 . RESULTS: At baseline, 29 @entity1 had @entity1726 , and 17 @entity1 had @entity1726 . At follow-up, 28 @entity1 had @entity1726 , 12 @entity1 had @entity1726 , and 6 @entity1 developed @entity303 . Seventeen of 29 @entity1726 @entity1 remained to be @entity1726 , and 9 @entity1726 @entity1 converted to @entity1726 . Eleven @entity1726 @entity1 reverted to normal cognition during follow-up. 3 @entity1726 and 3 @entity1726 @entity1 developed @entity303 . Cognitively stable @entity1726 group had frontal predominant hypometabolism. @entity303 converters showed parieto-occipital hypometabolism at baseline regardless of whether a @entity1 's initial cognitive status is @entity1726 or @entity1726 . CONCLUSIONS: Parieto-occipital hypometabolism is a good predictor of early @entity303 conversion in @entity1726 .

title: Longitudinal study of cognitive and cerebral metabolic changes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['PDD', 'PD dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1726 :: ('OMIM:168600', 'Disease') :: ['PD-CogNL', 'PD-MCI', 'PD', 'PD with mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: 1. Studies have documented the proliferative effects of @entity8160 ( @entity8160 ) on neural progenitor cells in the normal or injured brain. The effect of @entity8160 on post- @entity64 cerebral expression of nestin, a marker of neural progenitor cells, has not been examined in @entity101 @entity35 . 2. In the present study, adult renovascular @entity101 @entity35 underwent either real or sham @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ). Intracerebroventricular injections of either 1 microg @entity8160 or vehicle (0.01 mol/L @entity1391 -buffered saline containing 0.1 mg/mL rat serum albumin) were made 24 and 48 h after @entity2500 . Then, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after @entity2500 , the postural reflex was evaluated in a blinded fashion before @entity35 brains were processed to determine the @entity1188 volume plus immunoreactivity for nestin and/or @entity40 ( @entity40 ). Another group of @entity35 was used to quantify nestin expression using western blot analysis. 3. @entity2500 resulted in a focal @entity1188 that was largest at 1 week and diminished gradually over the time. The impaired postural reflex followed a similar time-course. In addition, @entity2500 induced a marked increase in nestin expression in both hemispheres, with a higher expression in the right hemisphere; this change was maximal at 1 week and largely subsided at 3 or 4 weeks. Within the right hemisphere, nestin expression was most pronounced in the subventricular and peri- @entity1188 zones. Most nestin-immunoreactive cells were also positive for @entity40 . 4. Thus, @entity8160 treatment significantly increases nestin expression, reduces @entity1188 in adult @entity101 @entity35 .

title: Intracerebroventricular injection of XXXX reduces neurological deficit and @entity1188 volume and enhances nestin expression following focal cerebral infarction in adult @entity101 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity8160 :: ('25313(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['EGF', 'epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'Middle cerebral artery occlusion', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct volume and ameliorates postural reflex impairment', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity40 :: ('24387(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity8160 :: (25313(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor']


abstract: AIMS: To determine whether behavioral, anatomical, and physiologic endpoints widely used to infer the presence of @entity158 in rodent models of @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ) were applicable to the @entity95 model of @entity2956 associated with altered joint loading. METHODS: Unilateral molar dental splints were used to alter @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) loading. Changes in nociceptive threshold were assessed with a mechanical probing of the @entity1348 region on nine splinted and three control @entity95 . @entity9952 -like immunoreacitivty in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis was assessed with standard immunohistochemical techniques from three splinted and six control animals. Retrogradely labeled @entity1348 afferents were studied with patch-clamp electrophysiologic techniques from three splinted and three control animals. Remodeling of @entity1348 condyles was assessed by histologic investigations of three splinted and three control animals. A Student t test or a Mann-Whitney U test was used with significance set at P < .05 to compare splinted to control samples. RESULTS: While variable, there was an increase in mechanical sensitivity in splinted @entity95 relative to controls. The increase in @entity9952 + cells in splinted @entity95 was also significant relative to na  ve controls (86    8 vs 64    15 cells/section, P < .05). The rheobase (364    80 pA) and action potential threshold (-31.2    2.0 mV) were higher in @entity1348 afferents from splinted @entity95 compared to controls (99    22 pA and -38.0    2.0 mV, P < .05). There was significant remodeling in the condylar fibrocartilage layers as manifested by a change in glycosaminoglycan distribution and a loss of defined cell layers. CONCLUSION: Behavioral and anatomical results were consistent with an increase in nociceptive signaling in concert with condylar remodeling driven by altered @entity1348 loading. Changes in excitability and action potential waveform were consistent with possible compensatory changes of @entity1348 afferents for an overall increase in afferent drive associated with @entity528 . These compensatory changes may reflect @entity158 processes that many @entity1 with @entity1348 disorders experience.

title: Analysis of XXXX in the @entity95 Temporomandibular Joint After Unilateral Splint Placement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['TMD', 'temporomandibular disorders']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain-adaption']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['joint degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Eribulin mesylate is a @entity60170 analog that inhibits microtubule dynamics. Pre-clinical studies have suggested anti- @entity5 activity in @entity788 . This phase II study of eribulin in @entity1 with advanced @entity788 previously treated with @entity136 was conducted by the Princess Margaret Hospital Phase II consortium. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligibility criteria included locally advanced or metastatic @entity788 and previous treatment with @entity136 . The study was a single arm phase II trial using a Simon 2-stage design. The primary endpoint was response rate, secondary endpoints included time to progression and overall survival. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 were enrolled, 14 received treatment, and 12 were evaluable for response. The median age was 61, and the majority of @entity1 were ECOG performance status 1. Grade 3 or greater adverse events included @entity1398 (29%), @entity1295 (14%), @entity1897 (7%) and @entity715 (7%). There were no complete or partial responses and therefore the study was closed after the first stage. The best response was stable disease in 5/12 (42%) of @entity1 . Of these five @entity1 , three had stable disease for 9 months or greater. Median time to progression was 1.4 months, and median overall survival was 6.1 months. CONCLUSION: Eribulin was well tolerated but did not result in any objective responses in @entity136 refractory @entity788 . However, several @entity1 had prolonged stable disease, suggesting that further studies of eribulin in @entity788 may be warranted.

title: A phase II study of the @entity60170 analog eribulin mesylate in XXXX refractory advanced @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity60170 :: ('MESH:C070519', 'Chemical') :: ['halichondrin B']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Increasing grade of @entity788 ( @entity788 ) has been associated with  progression to @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ). However, the mechanisms that control progression from PanINs to @entity1124 are not well understood. We investigated the genetic alterations involved in this process. METHODS: Genomic DNA samples from laser-capture microdissected PDACs and adjacent PanIN2 and PanIN3 lesions from 10 @entity1 with @entity788 were analyzed by exome sequencing. RESULTS: Similar numbers of somatic mutations were identified in PanINs and @entity5 , but the mutational load varied greatly among cases. Ten of the 15 isolated PanINs shared more than 50% of somatic mutations with associated @entity5 . Mutations common to @entity5 and clonally related PanIN2 and PanIN3 lesions were identified as genes that could promote @entity105 . @entity984 and @entity876 frequently were altered in PanINs and @entity5 , but few other recurrently modified genes were detected. Mutations in DNA damage response genes were prevalent in all samples. Genes that  encode proteins involved in gap junctions, the actin  cytoskeleton, the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, axon guidance, and cell-cycle regulation were among the earliest targets of mutagenesis in PanINs that progressed to @entity1124 . CONCLUSIONS: Early stage PanIN2 lesions appear to contain many of the somatic gene alterations required for @entity1124 development.

title: Genetic alterations associated with progression from @entity788 to invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia', 'PanIN', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['PDAC', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic tumor']


abstract: In recent years there have been several studies comparing the efficacy and safety of low molecular weight (LMW) and unfractionated heparin for the treatment of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ), showing them in the clinical trial setting to be equal in these regards. LMWH has the advantage of once daily subcutaneous injection and daily monitoring of levels is not usually required. This has led many centres to develop outpatient treatment strategies for these @entity1 but evidence for the safety of this approach is scarce. In 1997 we developed a hospital outreach service for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity1150 and, in a retrospective study, have compared the outcome in 172 @entity1 treated at home with 172 age, sex and @entity715 risk factor matched inpatients treated at our institution with unfractionated heparin. Five @entity1 in the home treatment group suffered a @entity548 event, compared with six @entity1 in the hospital group. One @entity1 in the home treatment group had a recurrent @entity1150 within the first 3 months of treatment; in the hospital-treated group, six @entity1 had recurrent DVTs and nine developed @entity1151 . At 3 months, there were three deaths in the home treatment group, compared with five deaths in the hospital group. There was no difference in re-admission rate at 3 months: 23 in the home treatment group, 24 in the hospital-treated group. Average length of hospital stay for the home-treatment group was 2.1 days and 12 days for the hospital group. Warfarin control was found to be significantly better in those @entity1 treated at home, and only 18% of @entity1 treated in hospital received heparin according to hospital guidelines. In conclusion, outpatient management of @entity1 with @entity1150 using LMWH is as safe as hospitalization and continuous infusion of unfractionated heparin. The complication rate was lower in the home treatment group and, in particular, the incidence of recurrent @entity715 was significantly less in the home treatment group. In addition, @entity1229 control was better when managed by specialist nurses. @entity1 expressed a preference for home treatment.

title: Outpatient management of XXXX using low molecular weight heparin and a hospital outreach service.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emboli']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['DVT']


abstract: Inflated-fixed lung specimens, prepared using @entity968 400, the standard Heitzman method have the disadvantage of bad staining. The authors attempted to improve this short-coming using @entity1 autopsied lungs and evaluated both microscopical findings and the degree of specimen inflation. Fifty-five @entity1 autopsied whole lungs were examined. Forty-six lungs with cannulation through the main bronchus were distended with 20% @entity406 , after clamping the cannula for 15 minutes to six days, @entity406 in lungs was expelled by air at 10 cm @entity2507 pressure, then fixed with fixative-fluid containing @entity968 , 95% @entity1068 , 40% @entity406 and water mixed in a ratio of 10:5:2:3. In 9 lungs without cannulation, @entity406 was expelled manually. The degree of distension of 46 of the 55 cannulated specimens was satisfactory (score A: 42 specimens, score B: 4 specimens). In 9 specimens without cannulation, inflation was poor (Score C). Good or excellent staining was obtained in 29 specimens (Score A: 10 specimens, Score B: 19 specimens), but 3 specimens were not be improved (Score C). Both inflation and staining were good in 21 specimens. This new method, requiring cannulation in the main bronchus, inflated-fixation with 20% @entity406 and expulsion of @entity406 by air prior to the standard Heitzman method enables both high quality staining and radiographs of the inflated-fixed lung specimen.

title: [An improved method of preparation of autopsied XXXX inflated-fixed whole lungs for radiologic-pathologic correlation].

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl-alcohol']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethyleneglycol 400', 'polyethyleneglycol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The investigation of @entity694 is a difficult task. Little is known on the myoelectrical activity of the @entity1 colon or on physiologic manometric findings. Scintigraphic studies have been performed to investigate the movement of colonic contents and have revealed that the ascending colon mainly acts as a storage area. Because physiologic data are rare, the interpretation of findings in @entity1 with distinct bowel symptoms may be very difficult to interpret. Only a part of the @entity1 who present with chronic obstipation have colonic inertia which is characterized by a slow transit through the entire colon. Other @entity1 may have anismus, i.e. a disturbance of the highly complex activity of defecation. Elderly @entity1 may have diminished rectal sensitivity to dilation and thus do not feel the urge the defecate. @entity1 with @entity1744 have been extensively investigated for underlying @entity1319 . In spite of ample data the exact pathogenesis remains unknown. Furthermore, it has become clear that @entity1 with the @entity1744 not only have irritable guts but also an irritable personality. Treatment of chronic constipation is difficult. Bulking agents and osmotically active laxatives often fail to give a satisfactory result. @entity1 with @entity1744 may benefit from both bulking agents, but tranquilizers may be helpful as well.

title: [Motility of the large intestine: from irritable XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic motility']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['motility disorders']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon to obstipation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-traumatic @entity772 (NTC) is a serious condition requiring @entity514 medical or surgical decision making upon arrival at the emergency department. Knowledge of the most frequent etiologies of NTC and associated mortality might improve the management of these @entity1 . Here, we present the results of a systematic literature search on the etiologies and prognosis of NTC. METHODS: Two reviewers independently performed a systematic literature search in the Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane databases with subsequent reference and citation checking. Inclusion criteria were retrospective or prospective observational studies on NTC, which reported on etiologies and prognostic information of @entity1 admitted to the emergency department or intensive care unit. RESULTS: Eventually, 14 studies with enough data on NTC, were selected for this systematic literature review. The most common causes of NTC were @entity64 (6-54%), @entity772 (3-42%), @entity4968 (<1-39%) and metabolic causes (1-29%). NTC was also often caused by @entity281 , especially in African studies affecting 10-51% of @entity1 . The NTC mortality rate ranged from 25 to 87% and the mortality rate continued to increase long after the event had occurred. Also, 5-25% of @entity1 remained moderately-severely disabled or in @entity47 . The mortality was highest for @entity64 (60-95%) and @entity772 (54-89%) and lowest for @entity4968 (0-39%) and @entity302 (0-10%). CONCLUSION: NTC represents a challenge to the emergency and the critical care physicians with an important mortality and moderate-severe disability rate. Even though, included studies were very heterogeneous, the most common causes of NTC are @entity64 , post anoxic, @entity4968 and various metabolic etiologies. The best outcome is achieved for @entity1 with @entity4968 and @entity302 , while the worst outcome was seen in @entity1 with @entity64 and @entity772 . Adequate knowledge of the most common causes of NTC and prioritizing the causes by mortality ensures a @entity514 and adequate work-up in diagnosis of NTC and may improve outcome.

title: The etiology and outcome of non-traumatic XXXX in critical care: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['coma', 'post-anoxic coma']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['permanent vegetative state']

answer: @entity772 :: (MESH:D003128,Disease) :: ['coma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the association between a previously validated frailty phenotype and the development of new-onset @entity734 in activities of daily living, independent of hospitalizations and other established predictors of disability. SUBJECTS: Seven hundred and forty-nine @entity1 enrolled in the @entity1 's Health and Aging Study-I who were independent in all activities in daily living when enrolled in the cohort. METHODS: Assessments and interviews were conducted through home visits at 6-month intervals for 3 years. Frailty was classified using a validated phenotype (> or =3 of the following: weight loss, exhaustion, slow walking, sedentariness, and weak grip), and hospitalizations were identified by self-report. Grouped-time proportional hazard models assessed associations among frailty, hospitalization, and the development of @entity734 in activities in daily living, adjusting for other factors. RESULTS: Twenty-five percent of the cohort (186/749) were frail at baseline; 56% (104/186) of frail versus 20% (23/117) of nonfrail @entity1 developed @entity734 in activities in daily living (P <.001). In multivariate analysis, frailty was independently associated with the development of @entity734 in activities in daily living (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4 to 3.6), adjusting for hospitalization status, age, race, education, baseline functional status, cognition, @entity308 , number of @entity102 , and self-reported health status. Additionally, a dose-response relationship existed between the number of frailty criteria that a @entity1 had and the hazard of subsequent @entity734 in activities in daily living. CONCLUSION: Frailty, conceptualized as an underlying vulnerability, and hospitalization, which marks an acute deterioration in health, were strongly and independently associated with new-onset @entity734 in activities in daily living. Additional research is needed to determine if @entity734 can be minimized by targeting resources and programs to frail older @entity1 .

title: Frailty, hospitalization, and progression of disability in a cohort of disabled older XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: After obtaining their informed consent, 60 @entity1 (ASA groups I or II), 18 to 60 years of age were randomly allocated to six groups of 10 @entity1 each. Anesthesia was induced in groups 1, 4, 5 and 6 with 2-3 mg kg-1 @entity4490 and in groups 2 and 3 with 0.2-0.3 mg kg-1 etomidate. 20 min before induction, @entity1 in groups 3 and 5 received 5 mg kg-1 @entity4444 , and @entity1 in group 6 received 1.25 mg kg-1 @entity5616 . Induction of anesthesia was supplemented by 0.002 mg kg-1 @entity3575 and 0.01 mg kg-1 @entity11312 . After beginning neuromuscular monitoring, 0.08 mg kg-1 @entity3369 was injected and the intubation accomplished when the first twitch of the @entity3370 ( @entity3370 ) was suppressed of a rate greater than 90%. The anesthesia was maintained with supplemental doses of 0.002 mg kg-1 @entity3575 and 0.01 mg kg-1 @entity11312 , if necessary, and the use of a @entity3810 / @entity26 mixture (2.4:1.6 l @entity1009 ). A @entity3370 supramaximal nerve stimuli was applied to the ulnar nerve proximal to the wrist and the twitch responses were electrically recorded on the hypothenar musculature (Relaxograph, Datex). The frequency of the train was 2 Hz with an interval of 20 s between trains. The time from the injection of vecuronium to several degrees of neuromuscular recovery was statistically significantly prolonged after 5 mg kg-1 @entity4444 (groups 3 and 5) in comparison to the other groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ @entity3369 : modification of its pharmacodynamics by etomidate, XXXX and @entity5616 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopentone']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity3370 :: ('MESH:C538154', 'Disease') :: ['train of four', 'TOF']

entities_list: @entity11312 :: ('MESH:C023842', 'Chemical') :: ['lormetazepam']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity4444 :: (MESH:D002927,Chemical) :: ['cimetidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies regarding the mechanism by which balloon angioplasty increases luminal patency have generally used animal models or postmortem specimens from occasional fatal cases of angioplasty performed in @entity1 @entity1 . In either case, conclusions regarding participatory mechanisms have relied exclusively on nonserial, postangioplasty histopathological examination. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the present study, intravascular ultrasound examination was performed before and after balloon angioplasty in 40 consecutive @entity1 with iliac artery stenoses. The areas of the arterial wall, plaque, lumen, and areas resulting from angioplasty-induced @entity174 were measured immediately after angioplasty in vivo and compared with findings recorded immediately before angioplasty. Angioplasty increased luminal cross-sectional area (CSA) from 11.5 +/- 0.6 @entity202 before angioplasty to 25.4 +/- 1.2 @entity202 after angioplasty (p = 0.0001). CSA of the portion of the postangioplasty neolumen contained within angioplasty-induced @entity174 measured 10.0 +/- 0.8 @entity202 ; the neolumen excluding the area contributed by these @entity174 measured 15.4 +/- 0.8 @entity202 . Thus, the area contained within @entity174 accounted for 10.0 @entity202 (71.9%) of the 13.9- @entity202 increase in luminal CSA after angioplasty. Analysis of CSA occupied by @entity731 disclosed that plaque CSA decreased from 33.8 +/- 1.8 @entity202 before angioplasty to 22.5 +/- 1.5 @entity202 after angioplasty (p = 0.0001). Plaque CSA was thus reduced ("compressed") by 11.3 +/- 1.1 @entity202 . Total artery CSA increased ("stretched") slightly from 45.3 +/- 2.6 @entity202 before angioplasty to 47.8 +/- 2.0 @entity202 after angioplasty (p = 0.0025). CONCLUSIONS: In vivo analysis of iliac stenoses by intravascular ultrasound immediately before and after angioplasty demonstrates that @entity174 and "compression" of @entity731 are the principal factors responsible for increased luminal patency resulting from balloon angioplasty. "Stretching" of the arterial wall provides an additional, but minor, contribution.

title: How does angioplasty work? Serial analysis of XXXX iliac arteries using intravascular ultrasound.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['plaque fractures']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The safety and efficacy of an attenuated G1P[8] @entity1 rotavirus (HRV) vaccine were tested in a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial. METHODS: We studied 63,225 healthy @entity1 from 11 Latin American countries and Finland who received two oral doses of either the HRV vaccine (31,673 @entity1 ) or placebo (31,552 @entity1 ) at approximately two months and four months of age. Severe @entity1902 episodes were identified by active surveillance. The severity of disease was graded with the use of the 20-point Vesikari scale. Vaccine efficacy was evaluated in a subgroup of 20,169 @entity1 (10,159 vaccinees and 10,010 placebo recipients). RESULTS: The efficacy of the vaccine against severe @entity1902 and against rotavirus-associated hospitalization was 85 percent (P<0.001 for the comparison with placebo) and reached 100 percent against more severe @entity1902 . Hospitalization for diarrhea of any cause was reduced by 42 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 29 to 53 percent; P<0.001). During the 31-day window after each dose, six vaccine recipients and seven placebo recipients had definite intussusception (difference in risk, -0.32 per 10,000 @entity1 ; 95 percent confidence interval, -2.91 to 2.18; P=0.78). CONCLUSIONS: Two oral doses of the live attenuated G1P[8] HRV vaccine were highly efficacious in protecting @entity1 against severe @entity1902 , significantly reduced the rate of severe @entity1902 from any cause, and were not associated with an increased risk of intussusception. (ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00139347 and NCT00263666.)

title: Safety and efficacy of an attenuated vaccine against severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis', 'rotavirus gastroenteritis']

answer: @entity1902 :: (MESH:D005759,Disease) :: ['rotavirus gastroenteritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology and costs of the acute care of @entity1095 , @entity281 , @entity16 , and @entity1066 in a U.K. population with special consideration of those @entity1 with @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Routine data describing inpatient care for a 4-year period were analyzed (financial years 1991/1992 to 1994/1995). These data had undergone record-linkage to draw together records from the same @entity1 , and records of @entity1 with @entity6 were flagged. Cost estimates were determined by attributing a diagnosis-related group cost-weight to each record. RESULTS: A total of 4,245 admissions (1.2% of all admissions) had a primary diagnosis of @entity1095 , @entity281 , @entity16 , or @entity1066 , and 7,379 (2.1%) admissions had these categories recorded in any one of six diagnostic fields. These figures were generated by 3,159 and 4,751 @entity1 , respectively. This represented a range of crude annual incidence of admission of between 1.9 and 2.9 per 1,000 @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity6 accounted for 625 (15.4%) of primary admissions, a crude annual incidence of admission of 18.8 per 1,000. The age-standardized relative risk of admission for @entity1 with @entity6 to the nondiabetic population was 7.61 for @entity1 and 6.85 for @entity1 . The length of stay for @entity1 with @entity6 was almost twice that of the nondiabetic population (15.5 vs. 8.7 days). The relative risk of hospital mortality ( @entity6 vs. non- @entity6 ) was 2.83. Surgical procedures were carried out on 857 @entity1 , 272 (31.2%) with @entity6 . This represented an age-standardized relative risk of 31.19. The estimated cost of admissions for primary diagnoses in these categories over 4 years was 6,128,211 pounds ( 9,743,855). @entity1 with @entity6 accounted for 1,236,623 pounds ( 1,966,230), an excess of 87% attributable to the @entity6 state. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 is confirmed as a significant risk factor for @entity1095 , @entity281 , @entity16 , and @entity1066 . The severity of these disorders in terms of increased risk of hospital mortality, length of stay, and risk of surgical procedure is also demonstrated for those @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: The epidemiology and cost of inpatient care for @entity1095 , @entity281 , @entity16 , and XXXX in @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulceration']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of endostar, a novel recombinant @entity1 @entity10120 , plus @entity900 , and @entity2879 in @entity1 with @entity5 (ED- @entity4153 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Chemotherapy-na  ve @entity1 with histologically confirmed, measurable ED- @entity4153 were enrolled. Treatment consisted of @entity900 (25  mg/m(2)) administered intravenously (IV) on days 1-3; @entity2879 (120  mg/m(2)) administered intravenously (IV) on days 1-3; endostar (15  mg) administered intravenously (IV) on days 1-14 every 21  days for up to four cycles. The primary objective was to assess the progression-free survival (FPS). Secondary objectives were to assess the objective response rate, median overall survival (OS), and treatment-related @entity137 . RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 were enrolled, the median age of the @entity1 was 53  years (range, 29-74), twenty-three @entity1 (69.7%) were @entity1 and 10 @entity1 were @entity1 . Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status scores were 0, 1,and 2 in 30.3, 60.6, and 9.1% of the @entity1 , respectively. The overall response rate was 69.7%, one @entity1 (3%) had a complete response, and 22 @entity1 (66.7%) had partial responses. Five @entity1 (15.1%) had stable disease; the median PFS was 5.0  months (95% CI, 4.2-5.6  months), and the 6-month PFS was 33.3%. The median OS was 11.5  months (95% CI, 9.6-13.4  months), and the 1-year OS was 38.1% (95% CI, 26-50.1%). Sixteen @entity1 (48.5%) had at least one grade 3/4 adverse events; the most common grade 3/4 hematologic @entity137 included @entity1398 in 57.6%, @entity882 in 12.1% of @entity1 . The most common grade 3/4 non-hematologic @entity137 included @entity1295 in 15.2%, @entity390 /vomiting in 9.1%, @entity294 in 6.1%, @entity448 in 6.1%, @entity33 in 6.1% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The addition of rh-endostain to @entity900 and @entity2879 in @entity1 with ED- @entity4153 results in slightly improved PFS and OS relative to historical controls who received this chemotherapy regimen alone. This regimen appears to be well tolerated; the promising results suggest the further randomized phase III trial to @entity3355 on @entity4153 treatment.

title: Phase II study of XXXX / @entity2879 and @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'men', 'patient', 'women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3355 :: ('MESH:D014095', 'Disease') :: ["define endostar's impact"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Public concern over @entity41910 has led to widespread use of over the counter (OTC) vitamin D (-D3 or -D2) supplements, containing up to 10,000 IU/unit dose (400 IU=10 g). Overzealous use of such supplements can cause @entity2741 due to vitamin D @entity137 . @entity1 are particularly vulnerable to @entity137 associated with vitamin D @entity1445 . OTC supplements are not subject to stringent quality control regulations from FDA and high degree of variability in vitamin D content in OTC pills has been demonstrated. Other etiologies of vitamin D induced @entity2741 include @entity2742 , @entity978 like @entity370 and mutations in the @entity29381 gene. The differential diagnosis of @entity2741 should include iatrogenic and genetic etiologies. C24-hydroxylation and C3-epimerization are two important biochemical pathways via which 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) is converted to its metabolites, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3) or its C3 epimer, 3-epi-25-OH-D3 respectively. Mutations in the @entity29381 gene cause reduced serum 24,25(OH)2D3 to 25(OH)D3 ratio (<0.02), elevated serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3), @entity2741 , @entity5200 and @entity1790 . Studies in @entity1 have shown that 3-epi-25(OH)D3 can contribute 9-61.1% of the total 25(OH)D3. Therefore, measurements of @entity461 ( @entity461 ) and vitamin D metabolites 25(OH)D3, 1,25(OH)2D3, 3-epi-25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 are useful to investigate whether the underlying cause of vitamin D @entity137 is iatrogenic versus genetic. Here we report a case of vitamin D3 associated @entity137 in a 4-month-old female who was exclusively breast-fed and received an oral liquid vitamin D3 supplement at a dose significantly higher than recommended on the label. The vitamin D3 content of the supplement was threefold higher (6000 IU of D/drop) than listed on the label (2000 IU). Due to @entity1445 and higher vitamin D3 content, the @entity1 received    50,000 IU/day for two months resulting in severe @entity2741 , @entity5200 and @entity11604 . We also review the relevant literature on vitamin D3 @entity137 in this report.

title: Iatrogenic vitamin D XXXX in an @entity1 - a case report and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity41910 :: ('MESH:D014808', 'Disease') :: ['vitamin D deficiency']

entities_list: @entity5200 :: ('MESH:D053565', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalciuria']

entities_list: @entity11604 :: ('MESH:D009397', 'Disease') :: ['nephrocalcinosis']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['overdosing', 'overdose']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: Abstract Introduction: We aimed to describe the pre-operative incidence of @entity2753 in @entity1 undergoing liver transplantation (LTx), as well as the rate and consequences of rapid peri-operative @entity1372 rises in these @entity1 . Methods: This was a retrospective before and after observational study performed at a University-affiliated LTx center between January 2007 and June 2013. The primary exposure was pre-operative @entity2753 , defined as a serum @entity1372 ( @entity4245 ) <133   mmol/L. The primary outcome was occurrence of a rapid @entity4245 shift, defined as >= 10   mmol/L in the first 24   h following LTx. The rates of rapid peri-operative @entity4245 shift were compared before and after a focused quality assurance (QA) initiative performed in July 2009. Results: Of 366 LTx, 69 (18.9%) had pre-operative @entity2753 , 6 (8.7%) of whom had a rapid rise in serum @entity1372 ( @entity4245 ). Rapid rise was associated with a greater intra-operative positive fluid balance (p   <   0.001) and use of intra-operative continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) (p   =   0.017). A rapid rise in @entity4245 was associated with more neurological investigations in the post-transplant period (brain computed tomography, electroencephalogram, swallow studies), increased @entity51 (p   =   0.006), more abnormal swallowing assessments (p   =   0.003), a tendency for more neurology consultations (p   =   0.058), increased discharge to a rehabilitation or long-term care facility (p   <   0.001), and increased 6-month mortality (p   <   0.001). Following a QA initiative, rapid peri-operative rises in @entity4245 among hyponatremic @entity1 was significantly reduced (20% vs. 0%, p   <   0.003). Conclusion: Pre-operative @entity2753 and rapid peri-operative @entity4245 shifts are associated with a more complicated post-operative course and worse outcomes following LTx. Increased education and awareness, along with process changes, such as standardizing CRRT prescription, can reduce iatrogenic rapid peri-operative shifts in @entity4245 .

title: Serum XXXX shift in hyponatremic @entity1 undergoing liver transplantation: a retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: Forty-four @entity249 @entity1 with the @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) resistant to other treatment modalities were treated in 58 cycles of IVF after accomplishment of pituitary gonadotroph suppression with a GnRH-agonist. Four cycles were cancelled before oocyte retrieval while embryo transfer was deferred for 10 cycles due to imminent @entity43 ( @entity43 ). Follicle aspiration yielded 18.8 +/- 9 oocytes per cycle. The cleavage rate was 68%. There was no cleavage in five cycles. The pregnancy rate was 33.3% per embryo transfer. In 32 cycles 9.0 +/- 5 suitable supernumerary embryos were cryopreserved. Transfer of cryopreserved embryos gave three additional pregnancies. The accumulated pregnancy rate per @entity1 was 36%. In @entity4082 resistant @entity1 , transfer of cryopreserved embryos was accomplished after secretory transformation of the endometrium by @entity53 / @entity1420 substitution. Although seven pregnancies ended in a miscarriage, the 'take-home' baby rate was 20%. @entity43 ensued in 28 (46.7%) cycles. In @entity3610 , in-vitro fertilization following pituitary gonadotroph suppression seems a treatment alternative with pregnancy rates comparable to normo-ovulatory @entity1 with @entity249 . However, the incidence of @entity43 is high and constitutes the major problem of cycle control.

title: In-vitro fertilization in @entity249 XXXX with the @entity3610 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome', 'OHSS']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['tubal factor infertility', 'infertile']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovarian syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene citrate']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oral and Maxillofacial operations can be extremely frightening treatment situations. General data on this phenomenon should be acquired through a multi-centre trial. METHOD: A 10-page questionnaire was developed which was answered by 600 oral and maxillofacial @entity1 before individual treatment. Control groups consisted of 800 surgical, dental and general practitioners/internal medicine @entity1 . Twenty six medical practices and hospital departments in 11 German cities were involved in the trial. RESULTS: Both subjective @entity148 assessment by @entity1 and objective testing (State Trait @entity148 Inventory; STAI) indicated a high level of treatment @entity148 for oral and maxillofacial treatment situations. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) @entity1 ' scores were significantly higher than those of control groups. Especially younger and female @entity1 , @entity1 treated under local anaesthesia and out- @entity1 showed intensive @entity148 . Previous treatment experience in OMFS did not modify test results. CONCLUSION: Managing perioperative @entity148 is still a major challenge in OMFS. Irrespective of technical, pharmacological and surgical advances, developing and establishing stress-reducing and anxiolytic perioperative techniques is of considerable importance for both @entity1 and surgeons.

title: Treatment XXXX in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Results of a German multi-centre trial.

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'Anxiety']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: AIM: To assess the role of follow-up imaging in paediatric blunt @entity1661 . METHOD: All @entity1 who underwent CT scanning of their abdomen at our institution following acute @entity1913 between January 1997 and December 2000 were included in the study. Case notes where researched for details regarding mechanism of injury, initial clinical presentation, acute management, complications and follow-up until discharge. Reports of imaging investigations were retrieved from the RIS database. RESULTS: In the study period 75 @entity1 underwent CT scanning of their abdomen as a primary investigation for acute blunt @entity1661 . Of these, 12 were normal, 52 showed evidence of intra-abdominal organ injury and 11 showed findings other than abdominal organ injury. Of the 52 @entity1 that sustained intra-abdominal organ injury, 48 (92 percent) were treated conservatively. 4 (8 percent) underwent emergency surgery, 3 for bowel @entity8 . Of the 48 that were treated conservatively, 9 had a complicated clinical course with 7 showing complications on follow-up imaging. The remaining 39 @entity1 had an uneventful clinical course with follow-up imaging by CT or US in 34. None showed complications that required a change in management. CONCLUSION: In our series, follow-up imaging did not contribute to further management in @entity1 with an uncomplicated clinical course following blunt @entity1661 .

title: The role of follow-up imaging in paediatric blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1913 :: ('MESH:D014949', 'Disease') :: ['blunt injury']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['injury and 1 for renal trauma']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['abdominal trauma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Gastroparesis is a common chronic and @entity74 for which medical therapy is often unsuccessful. Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) has been used to treat refractory cases, however, response is variable and difficult to predict. This study aims to assess whether pre-operative @entity4784 ( @entity4784 ) use affects clinical success of GES. METHODS: Records of 128 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic GES placement from March 2001 to September 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. Data collected included demographics, surgical outcomes, and clinical parameters. Pre- and post-operative opioid analgesic dosing (No  =  0 morphine equivalents (ME)/day, Low  =  0-40  ME/day, Mid  =  41-80  ME/day, High >80  ME/day), as well as clinical symptom assessment was collected for up to 3  years post-operatively. Clinical success was defined as (1) @entity4784 reduction of >50  %, (2) maintenance of weight, or (3) symptom improvement. Descriptive statistics were computed for all factors. A p  <  0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Fifty-three @entity1 were on @entity4784 pre-operatively compared to 69 @entity1 who were not. @entity1 not on @entity4784 pre-operatively were less likely than those on @entity4784 pre-op group to be on @entity4784 post-operatively (p  =  0.005); however, there were no differences in weight or symptom improvement. Sub-group analysis of the 53 @entity1 on @entity4784 demonstrated significant improvement in clinical symptoms in the low-morphine cohort compared to the mid-morphine cohort (p  =  0.02), and @entity4784 dosing post-operatively in the low-morphine cohort diminished significantly compared to mid- and high-morphine cohort (p  =  0.032). There was no significant difference in weight. CONCLUSION: @entity4784 dosing pre-operatively significantly affects clinical success of GES placement. Criteria for offering GES implantation may need to take @entity4784 dosing into consideration.

title: Pre-operative opioid analgesia reduces clinical success of laparoscopic gastric electrical stimulation placement in XXXX with gastroparesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'opioid analgesics']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['costly disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1575 is associated with several @entity65 . These disturbances include @entity262 , manifested by an increased cardiac output and decreased peripheral vascular resistance and arterial pressure. Despite the baseline increase in cardiac output, cardiac function in @entity1 with @entity82 is abnormal in several respects. @entity1 show attenuated systolic and diastolic contractile responses to stress stimuli, electrophysiological repolarization changes, including @entity1162 or @entity1184 of cardiac chambers. This constellation of @entity299 is termed cirrhotic @entity296 . It has been suggested that cirrhotic @entity296 has a role in the pathogenesis of @entity299 and even overt @entity712 after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement, major surgery and liver transplantation. @entity299 contributes to morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation, even in many @entity1 who have no prior history of @entity299 . @entity308 cardiac contractility contributes to the pathogenesis of @entity3182 , especially in @entity1 with spontaneous @entity298 . Pathogenic mechanisms underlying cirrhotic @entity296 include cardiomyocyte-membrane biophysical changes, attenuation of the stimulatory beta-adrenergic system and overactivity of negative inotropic systems mediated via @entity8262 . The clinical features, general diagnostic criteria, pathogenesis and treatment of cirrhotic @entity296 are discussed in this review.

title: Therapy insight: XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressed']

entities_list: @entity3182 :: ('MESH:D006530', 'Disease') :: ['hepatorenal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdynamic systemic circulation']

entities_list: @entity8262 :: ('MESH:D006152', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac dysfunction', 'cardiac abnormalities', 'cardiac disease', 'cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['Liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged QT interval, and enlargement']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disturbances']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Forty-two evaluable pediatric @entity1 with a variety of recurrent primary @entity1313 participated in a phase II @entity1260 trial. Their mean age was 10 years. All @entity1 were treated with @entity1260 , 3 g/m2/day for 2 days every 2 weeks. Response was assessed on clinical and radiological criteria after at least 2 courses of therapy. The overall response rate was 12% (5/42). One complete and 2 partial responses were documented in 21 @entity1 with @entity2946 . A partial response was demonstrated in 1 @entity1 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and in 1 @entity1 with @entity424 . No activity was observed in @entity5 . @entity137 was primarily neurologic (16 out of 54 @entity1 , 30%). @entity1503 , without severe morbidity, was encountered in 9% of courses (16/179). @entity1260 , administered at this dose regimen has modest efficacy in the treatment of recurrent childhood @entity2946 and @entity424 and appears inactive for @entity11 . Further trials with other dose schedules are necessary to assess the activity of this drug. However, according to the @entity2359 observed in our trial, we would not recommend building a protocol using @entity1260 for highly progressive @entity1313 .

title: Phase II study of XXXX in @entity1313 : a report by the French Society of Pediatric Oncology (SFOP).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['PNET', 'primitive neurectodermal tumor', 'astrocytic tumors']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['Ifosfamide', 'ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: Three hundred and seventy-eight @entity1 from 4 @entity1118 populations have been examined by self-assessment questionnaire methods to estimate the amount of @entity146 morbidity present. Using the General Health Questionnaire-28 scaled version (GHQ-28) the findings for probable @entity146 by clinic were: for anaesthetists' @entity158 clinics serving a mixed urban and rural population--37%; for an oral medicine facial @entity158 clinic--30%; for a rural @entity158 clinic--37%; and for a psychiatrists' @entity158 assessment and treatment service--51%. These findings demonstrate the effects of selection upon the @entity146 characteristics of different @entity158 populations. On the subscales of the General Health Questionnaire the @entity146 clinic @entity1 were significantly more @entity308 than those in the other 3 groups (P less than 0.001) and also showed more @entity409 (P less than 0.001). On the Irritability/ @entity308 and @entity148 Questionnaire (IDA), @entity308 and inward @entity146 were higher in the @entity146 clinic @entity1 (P less than 0.001) but the amount of @entity148 did not differ by clinic or by diagnosis (P greater than 0.05). These findings are taken to indicate that the extent of somatic complaints and @entity148 does not differentiate the majority of @entity158 @entity1 in @entity158 services with @entity221 from others attending for treatment. However, in the @entity1 who have @entity1109 , @entity308 , @entity409 and @entity146 provide a characteristic pattern. The @entity146 clinic @entity1 were demonstrably more introverted or obessional on the Hysteroid/Obsessoid Questionnaire (HOQ) than those in other clinics. Childhood experience as seen by the @entity1 did not differ by clinic or diagnosis and did not correlate significantly with @entity1314 as measured by the HOQ. It did correlate very significantly with measures of the current mood represented by the IDA. This effect was relatively weak, permitting the inference that the major portion of those @entity854 which were found to be present was related to other factors such as the occurrence of @entity158 .

title: Screening for @entity146 morbidity. The pattern of @entity221 and premorbid characteristics in four XXXX populations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability', 'psychiatric', 'psychiatric illness']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['psychological illness']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['social dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['definite psychological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['psychological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['hospital pain', 'painful lesions', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: To determine the efficacy and safety of epidural @entity12691 combined with @entity3303 , 50 healthy parturients were studied during labor and delivery. All @entity1 received a test dose of 3 ml 1.5% @entity3303 with 1:200,000 epinephrine. @entity1 were then randomly assigned to receive 7 ml of one of two epidural regimens in a double-blind fashion: Group 1 @entity1 received 1.5% @entity3303 plus 1 mg @entity12691 plus 1:300,000 epinephrine; Group 2 @entity1 received 1.5% @entity3303 plus 1:300,000 epinephrine. Each group consisted of 25 @entity1 . The study ended at the time of redosing. All subsequent epidural injections were made with one bolus of plain 0.25% @entity1341 followed by continuous infusion of 0.125% @entity1341 . Duration of anesthesia was significantly longer for Group 1 compared to Group 2 (p less than 0.01), 124 +/- 8 minutes versus 99 +/- 6 minutes (mean +/- SEM). There were no difference between groups in duration of first and second stages of labor, method of delivery or neonatal outcome. Umbilical cord acid-base status and neurologic adaptive capacity scores did not differ significantly between the two groups. The authors conclude that adding small doses of @entity12691 to epidural @entity3303 during labor is effective and safe.

title: Epidural XXXX augments @entity3303 sensory anesthesia during labor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity12691 :: ('MESH:D002077', 'Chemical') :: ['butorphanol']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

answer: @entity12691 :: (MESH:D002077,Chemical) :: ['butorphanol']