abstract: The novel alternated dual task (ADT) arranged @entity35 to learn T-maze spontaneous alternation task and radial arm maze (RAM) task alternatively, and by doing ADT, @entity35 could acquire the tasks more easily than non alternated dual task (NADT) group. Also retention capacity of ADT group was significantly more and ADT help to learn a complex task faster than learning it in isolation from other tasks. In the present study effect of @entity2727 ( @entity14501 ), a mood elevator, known to enhance learning and memory, on ADT procedure is assessed. Also effect of ADT procedure and @entity14501 on spatial learning and memory are compared. Different groups were assigned by administering @entity14501 (intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 3 mg/kg body weight) during different phases of behavioural experiments, and control groups received saline injection. @entity14501 administration increased both acquisition and retention capacities. The amelioration attained for retention of complex task by ADT procedure, could be achieved by NADT @entity35 only by administration of @entity14501 . The influence of ADT procedure on acquisition and retention of TM and RAM tasks were similar to the effects of @entity14501 , especially for the RAM task. @entity14501 at low dose is found to enhance the learning and memory capacity in @entity35 , than deteriorating it, supporting the use of @entity14501 as a drug to treat @entity71 . The recent reports suggesting the effect of @entity14501 only on retention and not on acquisition could not be confirmed, as enhancement for both acquisition and retention was found in this study.

title: Effect of XXXX on enhancement of spatial learning by novel alternated dual task.

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention deficit hyperactive disorder']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['methylphenidate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of surgical bypass and to explore the role of transcranial doppler (TCD) during the bypass operation. METHODS: From March 2003 to February 2008, sixteen @entity1 (4 male and 12 female) with mean age of 32 years old and mean disease course of 7.5 years were treated by surgical procedures. The main clinical presentations were @entity1296 , @entity10 , @entity227 . @entity2791 in the 4 arteries (bilateral carotid and vertebral arteries) were revealed by color doppler ultrasonography and DSA. Eight @entity1 underwent aorto-bi-subclavian arteries prosthetic graft bypass. Three @entity1 underwent aorto-bi-subclavian artery prosthetic graft bypass and graft-unilateral carotid artery bypass with autologous great saphenous vein. Three @entity1 underwent aorta-unilateral subclavian artery-unilateral carotid artery prosthetic graft bypass. Two @entity1 underwent aorta carotid artery bypass with autologous great saphenous vein, of which one @entity1 underwent aortocoronary artery bypass simultaneously. Cerebral blood supply was monitored in 14 @entity1 with transcranial doppler. Unilateral subclavian carotid and femoral carotid artery shunt was used respectively to avoid @entity2806 during operation in 2 @entity1 . RESULTS: Symptoms and signs of @entity2806 improved in all @entity1 with effective rate of 100% apart from deflected tongue-protrusion in 3 @entity1 which recovered in 2 weeks after operation. All @entity1 survived and no symptoms recurred at the end of a 2.2 year's follow-up. Unfortunately, two @entity1 developed @entity439 at the @entity254 within 4 years after operation. CONCLUSIONS: Arterial reconstruction is an effective method for @entity12040 with severe @entity2806 . TCD monitoring plays an important role during the bypass operation. It can help to determine the revision of blood pressure and prevent postoperative brain reperfusion injury.

title: [Treatment of severe XXXX in @entity12040 with arterial reconstruction].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['vertigo, and visional dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['Variated degree of artery stenoses']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ["Takayasu's disease"]

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: We have identified two novel intermediates of homothallic switching of the @entity375 mating type gene, from MATa to @entity9212 alpha. Following HO endonuclease cleavage, 5' to 3' exonucleolytic digestion is observed distal to the HO cut, creating a 3'-ended single-stranded tail. This recision is more extensive in a rad52 strain unable to switch. Surprisingly, the proximal side of the HO cut is protected from degradation; this stabilization depends on the presence of the silent copy donor sequences. A second intermediate was identified by a quantitative application of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The Y alpha- @entity9212 distal covalent fragment of the switched product appears 30 min prior to the appearance of the @entity9212 proximal Y alpha junction. No covalent joining of @entity9212 distal to HML distal sequences is detected. We suggested that the @entity9212 DNA distal to the HO cut invades the intact donor and is extended by DNA synthesis. This step is prevented in a rad52 strain. These intermediates are consistent with a model for @entity9212 switching in which only the distal side of the HO cut is initially active in strand invasion and transfer of information from the donor.

title: Intermediates of recombination during mating type switching in XXXX .

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ablation for @entity955 ( @entity955 ) requires energy delivery in close proximity to the esophagus (Eso) which has accounted for the LA-Eso fistula, a rare but life-threatening complication. PURPOSE: We evaluated an Eso cooling system to protect the Eso during RF ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS: An "in vitro" heart-Eso preparation was initially used to test a temperature-controlled fluid-circulating system (EPSac [esophageal protective system]-RossHart Technologies Inc.) and an expandable compliant Eso sac during cardiac RF delivery (4 mm tip, perpendicular to the heart, 15 g pressure) at 25, 35, and 45 W, 100 +/- 5 Omega for 30 seconds with the EPSac at 25, 15, 10, and 5 degrees C. All @entity299 were transmural. @entity130 could only be avoided with the EPSac at 10 and 5 degrees C. The system was then tested in 6 closed chest @entity235 , each receiving 12 RFs (LA aiming at the Eso) for 30 seconds: without EPSac (control) at 35 W (1 @entity235 ); at 45 W with EPSac at 25 degrees C (1 @entity235 ), 10 degrees C (2 @entity235 ), and 5 degrees C (2 @entity235 ). The EPSac volume was intentionally increased to displace the Eso toward the LA (2 @entity235 5 and 10 degrees C). Eso injured control and EPSac at 25 degrees C; Eso spared EPSac at 5 and 10 degrees C, without Eso displacement. Shallow external Eso injury noted when intentionally displacing the Eso toward the LA. CONCLUSIONS: The EPSac spares the Eso from collateral thermal injury. It requires circulating fluid at 5 or 10 degrees C and a compliant sac to avoid displacement of the Eso. Its safety and efficacy remain to be demonstrated in @entity1 undergoing @entity955 ablation.

title: Feasibility and safety of using an esophageal protective system to eliminate esophageal thermal injury: implications on atrial-esophageal fistula following XXXX ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac lesions']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Eso thermal injury']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['AF']


abstract: Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity1566 after both @entity63 -reperfusion (I/R) and @entity130 . This experimental study was designed to investigate the potential effects of infliximab, an anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor-a agent, on I/R injury of the @entity95 spinal cord. Eighteen New Zealand white @entity95 were divided into three groups, each consisting of six @entity95 : sham (no I/R), I/R, and infliximab (I/R + infliximab). @entity2759 was induced by applying an infrarenal aortic cross clamp for 30 minutes. At 48 hours after @entity63 , animals were functionally evaluated using the Tarlov score. Changes in the spinal cord were observed by measuring tissue levels of @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and @entity224 dismutase (SOD) and by evaluating @entity1710 - @entity1711 -stained sections. At 48 hours after @entity63 , the Tarlov scores in the infliximab group were higher than those of the I/R group, @entity1865 and AOPP levels in the I/R group were significantly higher than those in the sham and infliximab groups (p < 0.05), and SOD levels in the infliximab group were significantly higher than those in the I/R and sham groups (p < 0.05). The sham group had higher @entity2197 levels than the infliximab group; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Histological examination revealed that the infliximab group had significantly less @entity455 , @entity4 , and neuron loss than the I/R group. These results indicate that infliximab may protect the spinal cord against injury in a @entity95 I/R model.

title: Neuroprotective effects of infliximab in experimental spinal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular proliferation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity2759 :: (MESH:D020760,Disease) :: ['cord ischemic injury']


abstract: Eight @entity1 with chronic @entity712 (four with @entity296 and four with @entity741 ) underwent hemodynamic studies during acute administration of digoxin, given intravenously in two 0-5 mg doses 2 hours apart. Observations were made before administration of digitalis (control period) and serially therafter for 4 hours after the first dose. Resting mean cardiac index and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure were as follows: 2.0 liters/min per m2 and 23 mm Hg (control period); 2.1 and 24 (at 1 hour); 2.0 and 23 (at 2 hours); 2.7 and 19 (at 3 hours); and 2.3 and 20 (at 4 hours). Exercise responses of mean cardiac index and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure in five @entity1 were: 3.1 liters/min per m2 and 36 mm Hg (control period); 3.2 and 33 (at 1 hour); 3.2 and 28 (at 2 hours); 3.1 and 27 (at.3 hours); and 3.4 and 31 (at 4 hours). The pulmonary arterial wedge pressure remained elevated during exercise in all cases. @entity943 were seen in five @entity1 after administration of 0.5 mg of digoxin. Hemodynamic improvement at 4 hours involving both reduced filling pressure and increased blood flow was observed in only two @entity1 at rest and in one additional @entity1 during exercise. Acute deterioration of cardiac function (elevated pulmonary arterial wedge pressure of decreased cardiac index) occurred 30 minutes after administration of digoxin in four @entity1 , concomitantly with increased systemic resistance. In six @entity1 , a peak hemodynamic effect appeared 1 to 1 1/2 hours after administration of digoxin, with partial or total loss of initial benefit by 2 and 4 hours. In previously performed studies observations have seldom exceeded 1 hour; the results of this 4 hour study suggest that, in @entity1 with @entity296 or @entity453 and chronic @entity712 , acute digitalization does not necessarily lead to consistent, marked or lasting hemodynamic improvement. Thus, current concepts of the use of digitalis is such @entity1 may require revision.

title: Variability of hemodynamic responses to acute digitalization in chronic @entity712 due to @entity296 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Arrhythmias']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4847 is a rare @entity1263 of childhood and early adulthood. @entity1 demonstrate progressive @entity425 and @entity194 . CASE: We report two @entity1 with @entity4847 affecting the @entity2096 . Electromyography (EMG), ultrasound, and 3-T MR imaging were important tools for localizing @entity4847 and permitting its differentiation from other nerve lesions. The first @entity1 underwent surgical excision of the @entity4847 and a traditional nerve graft. At 10  months post-operative follow-up, she demonstrated no meaningful recovery of muscle strength compared to her pre-operative assessment. EMG did confirm axonal continuity indicating that reinnervation had occurred via the nerve graft. The second @entity1 underwent a two-staged surgical procedure that included an end-to-side nerve transfer. At 18  months post-operative follow-up, she demonstrated mild improvement in muscle strength and EMG evidence of ongoing reinnervation. CONCLUSION: The surgical management of @entity4847 remains controversial, and reports of clinical recovery after nerve grafts and nerve transfers vary. Nerve transfers have been reported to provide superior results to traditional nerve grafting in adults with post-traumatic @entity130 . The modest gain in strength of our @entity1 who underwent a nerve transfer raises the question if this may also apply to @entity1 with @entity4847 . Additional studies will be required, which must also take into consideration that features of @entity16 (i.e., limb length discrepancy) have the potential to reduce the likelihood of reinnervation and clinical recovery.

title: Diagnosis and outcome of childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1263 :: ('MESH:D010524', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve tumor']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['long-standing neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy largely without sensory complaints']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['radial and femoral nerves']

entities_list: @entity4847 :: ('MESH:D018317', 'Disease') :: ['perineurioma', 'Intraneural perineurioma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['plexus injuries']

answer: @entity4847 :: (MESH:D018317,Disease) :: ['perineurioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intravenous sedation/analgesia for colonoscopy is accompanied with certain risks and postprocedure drowsiness. We sought to determine whether inhaled @entity3810 (Entonox: 50% @entity3810 , 50% @entity26 ) provides adequate analgesia for colonoscopy and the impact of this agent on recovery. METHODS: All @entity1 undergoing outpatient colonoscopy were considered for the study (n = 248) except those with previous colonic resection. Data for @entity1 unsuitable for randomization (n = 58) and those who declined to participate (n = 88) were also analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred two @entity1 were randomized to receive inhaled Entonox alone (n = 56) or intravenous @entity1363 and @entity6882 (n = 46). Forty-nine (88%) @entity1 randomized to Entonox underwent complete colonoscopy without conversion to intravenous medications. Entonox @entity1 reported more @entity158 (p < 0.0001), tolerated colonoscopy less well (p < 0.0001), were less satisfied (p = 0.01), and less willing to undergo colonoscopy again under the same circumstances (p = 0.04). Of @entity1 receiving intravenous medication, 91% found colonoscopy less unpleasant and 9% as unpleasant as anticipated; this compares with 52% and 21% Entonox @entity1 , respectively, and an additional 27% Entonox @entity1 who found colonoscopy more unpleasant than anticipated. Recovery was faster among Entonox @entity1 (median 30 versus 60 minutes, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Entonox is less effective than @entity1363 with @entity6882 for colonoscopy but is acceptable in many @entity1 and allows faster recovery.

title: XXXX for colonoscopy: a randomized controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity3810 :: (MESH:D009609,Chemical) :: ['Nitrous oxide']


abstract: @entity519 has been widely implicated in many pathological conditions, including those associated with @entity32 and tumorigenesis. A number of recent studies have implicated @entity519 in the control of vasculogenesis and permeability, the basis for which is not fully understood. Here we examine the transcriptional regulation of angiogenesis and permeability by @entity519 in endothelial cells. Guided by a global profiling approach in cultured endothelial cells, these studies revealed the selective induction of @entity1 gravin (protein kinase A anchoring protein 12) by @entity519 . Analysis of the cloned gravin promoter identified a functional @entity519 -responsive region including 2 binding sites for @entity519 -inducible factor (HIF). Site-directed mutagenesis identified the most distal HIF-binding site as essential for the induction of gravin by @entity519 . Further studies examining gravin gain and loss of function confirmed strong dependence of gravin in control of microvascular endothelial tube formation, wherein gravin functions as a "braking" system for angiogenesis. Additional studies in confluent endothelia revealed that gravin functionally couples to control endothelial barrier function in response to protein kinase A (PKA) agonists. Taken together, these results demonstrate transcriptional coordination of gravin by @entity7738 and amplified PKA-dependent endothelial responses. These findings provide an important link between @entity519 and metabolic conditions associated with @entity32 and angiogenesis.

title: HIF-dependent regulation of AKAP12 (gravin) in the control of XXXX vascular endothelial function.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Liver X receptors (LXRs) are nuclear receptors that function to modulate lipid metabolism as well as immune and inflammatory responses. Upon activation by their ligands, LXRs up-regulate a spectrum of gene transcription programs involved in @entity165 and @entity844 homeostasis. However, the mechanisms by which @entity24725 -mediated transcriptional activation is regulated remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that @entity34613 , a member of the protein inhibitor of the activated STAT family of proteins with small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase activity, acts to suppress @entity24725 ligand-dependent transcriptional activation of the lipogenic program in hepatocytes. We found that liver mRNA expression levels of @entity34613 and @entity34615 were inversely associated with those of genes involved in lipogenesis in @entity19 models with diet-induced or @entity74 . Overexpression of @entity34613 in primary hepatocytes resulted in a reduction of @entity24725 ligand-induced @entity844 synthesis and suppression of the expression of lipogenic genes, including @entity4062 and Fas. Moreover, @entity34613 was able to interact with @entity24725 and repress its transcriptional activity upon ligand stimulation, which did not require @entity34613 -promoted SUMO modification of @entity24725 . In addition, @entity34613 could also interact with @entity34616 and attenuate its association with @entity24725 , blunting the ability of @entity34616 to co-activate @entity24725 . Importantly, @entity34613 impaired @entity24725 binding to its target DNA sequence. Taken together, our results suggest that @entity34613 may serve as a lipogenic regulator by negatively modulating LXRs in a SUMOylation-independent manner.

title: A role for XXXX ( @entity34613 ) in lipogenic regulation through SUMOylation-independent suppression of liver X receptors.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic obesity']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity34613 :: (56469(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['protein inhibitor of activated STAT1']


abstract: There is currently a great deal of interest in the early events in protein folding. Two issues that have generated particular interest are the nature of the unfolded state under native conditions and the role of local interactions in folding. Here, we report the results of a study of a set of peptides derived from a small two-helix protein, the peripheral subunit-binding domain of the @entity2388 dehydrogenase multienzyme complex. Five peptides of overlapping sequence were prepared, including sequences corresponding to each of the helices and to the region connecting them. The peptides were characterized by @entity1050 and, where possible, nmr. A peptide corresponding to the second helix is between 12 and 17% helical at neutral pH. @entity1050 also indicates a lower percentage of helical structure in the peptide corresponding to the first alpha-helix, although the values of the alpha-proton chemical shifts suggest some preference for nonrandom structure. Peptides corresponding to the interhelical loop, which in the full domain contains two overlapping beta-turns and a 5-residue 3(10)-helix, are less structured. There is no significant change in the helicity of any of these peptides with pH. To test for fragment complementation, @entity1050 spectra of the two peptides derived from each helix and the long connecting peptide were compared to the spectra of each possible pair, as well as to a mixture containing all three. No increase in structure was observed. We complement our peptide studies by characterizing a point mutant, @entity30577 , which disrupts a critical @entity3884 bonding network. This mutant is unable to fold and provides a useful model of the denatured state. The mutant is between 9 and 16% helical as judged by @entity1050 . The modest amount of helical structure formed in some of the peptide fragments and in the point mutant suggests that the denatured state of the peripheral subunit binding domain is not completely unstructured. This may contribute to the very rapid folding observed for the intact protein.

title: Conformational analysis of peptide fragments derived from the peripheral subunit-binding domain from the XXXX dehydrogenase multienzyme complex of Bacillus stearothermophilus: evidence for nonrandom structure in the unfolded state.

entities_list: @entity30577 :: ('p|SUB|D|34|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['D34V']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity2388 :: (MESH:D019289,Chemical) :: ['pyruvate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated efficacy and safety of recombinant @entity1261 ( @entity7420 ) used as primary prophylaxis to prevent @entity1398 and @entity1398 -related complications induced by @entity1205 and @entity632 chemotherapy in @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Three centers in Lithuania enrolled 36 @entity1 who received @entity7420 (5 microg/kg/d) on day 2 of each 21-day chemotherapy with @entity1205 75 mg/m(2) and @entity632 50 mg/m(2) ( @entity1129 ) starting in the first cycle. Treatment regimen was repeated for up to six cycles. RESULTS: @entity491 , @entity158 , and @entity10 were the most frequent adverse events, with incidence rates of 22%, 19%, and 8%, respectively. Adverse events were typical for @entity7420 in this @entity1 population. Overall incidence rate of @entity1398 was 14%. The mean duration of @entity1398 episodes across cycles was 2.14 days. Incidence of chemotherapy delay was 2%. There was no reduction in chemotherapy dose due to expected @entity137 or side effects. Intravenous antibiotics for the treatment of @entity1398 were needed in 19% of cases. Quality-of-life assessment shows a significant improvement in emotional functioning and a significant decrease in @entity158 score. The efficacy profile of @entity7420 observed in the present study was comparable with that of other @entity7420 products previously described in the published scientific literature. CONCLUSIONS: The primary prophylaxis of @entity1398 and its complications by @entity7420 was safe and effective for @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 who received chemotherapy with @entity1205 and @entity632 .

title: [Safety and efficacy study of the recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for prevention of @entity1398 and XXXX -related complications in @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 receiving @entity1205 / @entity632 ].

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['Leukocytosis']

answer: @entity1398 :: (MESH:D009503,Disease) :: ['neutropenia']


abstract: Obesity is a risk factor for @entity64 , but the mechanisms by which @entity28 increases @entity64 risk are unknown. Because microvascular architecture contributes to the outcome of @entity64 , we hypothesized that @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) from @entity28 Zucker @entity35 (OZRs) undergo inward remodeling and develop increased myogenic tone compared with those in lean Zucker @entity35 (LZRs). We further hypothesized that OZRs have an increased @entity1188 after @entity2806 and that changes in vascular structure and function correlate with the development of @entity101 in OZRs. Blood pressure was measured by telemetry in LZRs and OZRs from 6 to 17 weeks of age. Vessel structure and function were assessed in isolated @entity2500 . @entity64 damage was assessed after @entity63 was induced for 60 minutes followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. Although mean arterial pressure was similar between young @entity35 (6 to 8 weeks old), mean arterial pressure was higher in adult (14 to 17 weeks old) OZRs than in LZRs. @entity2500 from OZRs had a smaller lumen diameter and increased myogenic vasoconstriction compared with those from LZRs. After @entity63 , @entity1188 was 58% larger in OZRs than in LZRs. Before the development of @entity101 , MCA myogenic reactivity and lumen diameter, as well as @entity1188 size, were similar between young LZRs and OZRs. Our results indicate that the @entity2500 of OZRs undergo structural remodeling and that these @entity35 have greater @entity131 after @entity2806 . These cerebrovascular changes correlate with the development of @entity101 and suggest that the increased blood pressure may be the major determinant for @entity64 risk in @entity28 individuals.

title: Obesity increases blood pressure, cerebral vascular remodeling, and severity of XXXX in the Zucker @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral injury']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAs', 'middle cerebral arteries']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Acute vascular rejection (AVR) is characterized by intimal @entity3468 in @entity9538 and @entity32 . It is associated with a poorer prognosis compared to tubulointerstitial rejection (AIR) and AVR is associated with a higher rate of graft loss than AIR. The prognosis and treatment of @entity3468 without @entity9538 and @entity32 (isolated v1 lesion) are still controversial. We report a case of a @entity1 who had a biopsy of the kidney allograft for evaluation of slow graft function. The biopsy revealed an isolated v1 lesion. However, we chose not to augment immunosuppression. The @entity1 's kidney allograft function improved over time with close monitoring. Repeat biopsy a year later showed no evidence of endothelialitis and relatively unchanged @entity82 and no other abnormalities. Although it is suggested that most cases of isolated v1 lesions will respond to corticosteroids or T cell depleting therapies, some cases will improve with conservative management. Further studies are needed to determine which cases could be managed conservatively.

title: Early Posttransplant Isolated v1 Lesion Does Not Need to Be Treated and Does Not Lead to Increased XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity9538 :: ('MESH:D007673', 'Disease') :: ['addition to tubulitis', 'tubulitis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['arteritis']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['Fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Arthroscopic treatment of @entity3681 provides good results, with a tendency to decrease over time. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting long-term results. METHODS: Eighty consecutive @entity1 with a mean age of 37.3 years were treated between 2000 and 2004. Impingement lesions were identified according to @entity3232 . @entity3681 was documented by van Dijk scale upon the x-rays. Bone spurs were analyzed and classified according to location and size. The associated @entity75 were classified following the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) criteria. @entity1 data, foot morphology, and previous @entity130 were recorded. @entity1 were evaluated after a mean of 104.6 months follow-up with the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scale. The influence of different factors on outcomes was statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The mean preoperative AOFAS score was 50.9, while at follow-up it was 70.7 (P < .05). The different grades of @entity5818 classification did not affect the results, but the different grades of van Dijk scale significantly affected the result but not the preoperative stage. Tibial localized spurs had better outcome at follow-up. The grade of the @entity75 significantly affected the outcome. Other factors negatively affecting the results were age, cavus foot morphology, and history of previous @entity1171 . CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic treatment provides overall good results, but the long-term presence of associated conditions such as @entity75 , advanced age, and previous @entity130 are relevant as prognostic factors. Based on these results, a new classification for bony @entity5818 system is proposed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, case series.

title: Arthroscopic treatment of XXXX : the long-term clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['anterior ankle bony impingement', 'Preoperative ankle osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['chondral lesions']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['Scranton-McDermott classification']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fracture']

entities_list: @entity5818 :: ('MESH:D019534', 'Disease') :: ['Scranton-McDermott impingement', 'impingement syndrome']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumas', 'trauma']

answer: @entity3681 :: (MESH:D016512,Disease) :: ['ankle anterior bony impingement']


abstract: Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic @entity377 -gated cation channels (HCN channels) have large influences upon neuronal excitability. However, the participation of spinal HCN channels in @entity1118 states, where pathological conditions are related to altered neuronal excitability, has not been clarified. Intraperitoneally (i.p.) or intrathecally (i.t.) administered @entity22724 , a selective blocker of Ih channels, reduced thermal and mechanical @entity56 in @entity19 under neuropathic conditions induced by the partial ligation of the sciatic nerve, while no analgesic effect was observed in na  ve animals. Moreover, in the @entity19 formalin test, @entity22724 (i.p. and i.t.) reduced the licking/biting behavior observed during the second phase without affecting the first phase. To further explore the @entity158 of spinal HCN channels, whole-cell patch clamp recordings were made from the visually identified substantia gelatinosa neurons in adult @entity19 spinal cord slices with an attached dorsal root, and A-fiber- and/or @entity7183 -mediated monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were evoked by electrical stimulation of the L4 or L5 dorsal root using a suction electrode. Bath-applied @entity22724 reduced A-fiber- and @entity7183 -mediated monosynaptic EPSCs more preferentially in slices prepared from @entity19 after @entity1897 . In addition, @entity22724 reduced the frequency of miniature EPSCs without affecting their amplitude in cells receiving monosynaptic afferent inputs, indicating that it inhibits EPSCs via presynaptic mechanisms. The present behavioral and electrophysiological data suggest that spinal HCN channels, most likely at the primary afferent terminals, contribute to the maintenance of @entity1118 .

title: Spinal hyperpolarization-activated cyclic @entity377 -gated cation channels at primary afferent terminals contribute to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-modulatory action']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity421 frequently have elevated immune complex levels, which are correlated with disease activity and @entity5 volume. During treatment with high-dose @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) some @entity1 develop specific immune complexes containing @entity1500 . These @entity1 suffered from anaphylactic reactions. To study the influence of @entity1500 on immune complex formation we looked for @entity968 ( @entity970 ) precipitable and @entity30023 -binding immune complexes in the sera of 10 @entity1 with @entity421 during treatment according to the COSS 80 protocol. Sera were obtained before, 24, 48 and 72 hours after @entity1500 -infusion. Furthermore we analysed changes of the complement system in the same way. The minority of the @entity1 developed @entity970 -precipitable immune complexes. @entity30023 -binding IgG complexes were observed at the beginning and at the end of treatment. High levels of immune complexes at the end of chemotherapy were correlated with a poorer prognosis. There was no relationship between @entity1500 -infusion and immune complex formation. No significant changes of the complement system during @entity1500 -infusion were found. The complement analysis were of no prognostic value concerning the @entity421 .

title: [Immune complex formation and complement changes in @entity421 XXXX treated with high-dose @entity1499 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethyleneglycol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity879 ( @entity879 ) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the sudden onset of @entity1003 and @entity75 . The outcome is unpredictable and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We reviewed our experience to identify the aetiology and study the outcome of @entity879 . METHODS: A total of 1237 @entity1 who presented with @entity879 between January 1992 and May 2008 were included in this retrospective study. Liver transplantation was undertaken based on the King's College Hospital criteria. Data were obtained from the units prospectively collected database. The following parameters were analysed: @entity1 demographics, aetiology, operative intervention, overall outcome, 30-day mortality and regrafts. RESULTS: There were 558 @entity1 and 679 @entity1 with a mean age of 37 years (range: 8-78 years). The most common aetiology was drug-induced @entity1578 (68.1%), of which 90% was as a result of a @entity1443 @entity1445 . Other causes include seronegative @entity99 (15%), @entity1956 (2.6%), @entity99 (1.1%), acute @entity3181 (1.5%), acute @entity2360 (0.6%), subacute @entity39 (3.2%) and miscellaneous (7.8%). Three hundred and twenty-seven @entity1 (26.4%) were listed for liver transplantation, of which 263 @entity1 successfully had the procedure (80.4%). The current overall survival after transplantation was 70% with a median follow-up of 57 months. After transplantation for @entity879 , the 1-year, 5-year and 10-year survival were 76.7%, 66% and 47.6%, respectively. The 30-day mortality was 13.7%. Out of the 974 @entity1 who were not transplanted, 693 @entity1 are currently alive. Among the 281 @entity1 who died without transplantation, 260 died within 30 days of admission (26.7%). Regrafting was performed in 31 @entity1 (11.8%), the most common indication being @entity715 (11 @entity1 ). CONCLUSION: @entity1443 @entity1445 was the most common cause of @entity879 . Liver transplantation, when performed for @entity879 , has good long-term survival.

title: Aetiology and outcome of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['ALF', 'acute liver failure', 'Acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ["Wilson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic artery thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['Paracetamol', 'paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis A', 'hepatitis']

answer: @entity879 :: (MESH:D017114,Disease) :: ['acute liver failure']


abstract: 1. Ventricular @entity1919 ( @entity268 ) concentrations of na  ve and @entity1286 -treated @entity35 subjected to @entity296 were examined. 2. In na  ve @entity35 , ventricular @entity268 levels were increased at 3 min but decreased 5 and 10 min after left coronary artery ligation. Statistically significant changes were observed in the right ventricle after 3 min and in the left ventricle after 10 min. 3. Acute @entity1286 treatment did not significantly alter ventricular @entity268 content in @entity35 subjected to either sham operation or acute left coronary artery ligation. 4. Ventricular @entity268 concentrations were significantly lower in sham-operated @entity35 after 5 weeks of chronic @entity1286 treatment while after 3 weeks of chronic @entity1286 treatment, this phenomenon was seen only after acute coronary ligation. The reductions were reversed by opiate withdrawal. 5. These observations support the theory that elevated @entity268 levels may contribute to the production of early @entity943 during @entity296 . It is suggested that the reduction in ventricular @entity268 concentrations may partly account for the previously reported decreased occurrence of early @entity943 in chronic @entity1286 -treated @entity35 subjected to acute left coronary artery ligation.

title: Influence of @entity296 on ventricular XXXX concentrations in naive and @entity1286 -treated @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1919 :: (MESH:D000242,Chemical) :: ['cyclic AMP']


abstract: @entity2040 mansoni is a @entity4801 resulting in the deposition of ova predominantly in the liver and intestines. These ova secrete antigens which induce host sensitization and evoke focal @entity738 . The @entity738 are @entity56 governed by numerous cellular and humoral interactions. They displace or destroy normal tissue. Vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity9620 ) is one of several neuropeptides which exert a broad range of biologic actions that may include modulation of immune responses. In this study, @entity9620 was sought within liver @entity738 isolated from @entity380 -infected, CBA/J @entity19 . @entity738 extracts contained appreciable amounts of immunoreactive @entity9620 as detected by radioimmunoassay. Immunoreactive @entity9620 was shown, by each of two chromatographic methods, to elute as a single peak coinciding with that of synthetic @entity9620 . In situ hybridization was performed with an oligonucleotide probe complementary to a portion of the @entity377 sequence encoding @entity9620 on preproVIP mRNA (antisense probe). Radiolabeled @entity9620 probe adhered exclusively to @entity738 eosinophils and to eosinophils within a @entity298 induced in normal @entity19 by proteose peptone. Hybridization of radiolabeled @entity9620 probe in the presence of unlabeled probe substantially attenuated binding. A sense probe failed to bind. These data suggest that the @entity738 contain authentic @entity9620 and that eosinophils express the gene for this molecule.

title: Detection of vasoactive intestinal peptide and localization of its mRNA within @entity738 of XXXX @entity2040 .

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas', 'granuloma', 'Granuloma']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['intricate delayed-hypersensitivity reactions']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['Schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic disease']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the associations between parity, mode of delivery, and @entity3087 . METHODS: The prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse, stress urinary @entity322 , @entity2182 , and anal @entity322 was assessed in a random sample of @entity1 aged 25-84 years by using the validated Epidemiology of Prolapse and Incontinence Questionnaire. @entity1 were categorized as nulliparous, vaginally parous, or only delivered by cesarean. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for @entity74 were calculated with logistic regression, controlling for age, body mass index, and parity. RESULTS: In the 4,458 respondents the prevalence of @entity74 was as follows: 7% prolapse, 15% stress urinary @entity322 , 13% @entity2182 , 25% anal @entity322 , and 37% for any one or more @entity3087 . There were no significant differences in the prevalence of disorders between the cesarean delivery and nulliparous groups. The adjusted odds of @entity74 increased with vaginal parity compared with cesarean delivery: prolapse = 1.82 (95% CI 1.04-3.19), stress urinary @entity322 = 1.81 (95% CI 1.25-2.61), @entity2182 = 1.53 (95% CI 1.02-2.29), anal @entity322 = 1.72 (95% CI 1.27-2.35), and any one or more @entity3087 = 1.85 (95% CI 1.42-2.41). Number-needed-to-treat analysis revealed that 7 @entity1 would have to deliver only by cesarean delivery to prevent one @entity1 from having a @entity3087 . CONCLUSION: The risk of @entity3087 is independently associated with vaginal delivery but not with parity alone. Cesarean delivery has a protective effect, similar to nulliparity, on the development of @entity3087 when compared with vaginal delivery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II-2.

title: Parity, mode of delivery, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3087 :: ('MESH:D059952', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic floor disorders', 'pelvic floor disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['each disorder']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder']

answer: @entity3087 :: (MESH:D059952,Disease) :: ['pelvic floor disorders']


abstract: We have shown that @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ) newborn @entity35 exhibit @entity7298 , reduced satiety, and @entity28 . @entity860 ( @entity860 )-activated protein kinase ( @entity28890 ) is a principal metabolic regulator that specifically regulates appetite in the hypothalamic @entity1019 ( @entity1019 ). In response to fasting, upregulated @entity28890 activity increases the expression of orexigenic (neuropeptide Y [ @entity10969 ] and @entity26473 [ @entity26473 ]) and decreases anorexigenic (proopiomelanocortin [ @entity9210 ]) peptides. We hypothesized that @entity1592 offspring would exhibit upregulated hypothalamic @entity28890 , contributing to @entity7298 and @entity28 . We determined @entity28890 activity and appetite-modulating peptides ( @entity10969 and @entity9210 ) during fasting and fed conditions in the @entity1019 of adult @entity1592 and control females. Pregnant @entity35 were fed ad libitum diet (control) or were 50% food restricted from gestation day 10 to 21 to produce @entity1592 newborns. At 10 months of age, hypothalamic @entity1019 was dissected from fasted (48 hours) and fed control and @entity1592 females. Arcuate nucleus messenger RNA ([mRNA] @entity10969 , @entity26473 , and @entity9210 ) and protein expression (total and phosphorylated @entity28890 , @entity2308 ) was determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western Blot, respectively. In the fed state, @entity1592 adult females demonstrated evidence of persistent appetite stimulation with significantly upregulated phospho (Thr(172))-AMPKa/ @entity28890 (1.3-fold), @entity10969 / @entity26473 (2.3/1.8-fold) and decreased pAkt/ @entity2308 (0.6-fold) and @entity9210 (0.7-fold) as compared to fed controls. In controls though not @entity1592 adult females, fasting significantly increased pAMPK/ @entity28890 , @entity10969 , and @entity26473 and decreased pAkt/ @entity2308 and @entity9210 . Despite @entity28 , fed @entity1592 adult females exhibit upregulated @entity28890 activity and appetite stimulatory factors, similar to that exhibited by fasting controls. These results suggest that an enhanced appetite drive in both fed and fasting states contributes to @entity7298 and @entity28 in @entity1592 offspring.

title: Mechanism of programmed XXXX in intrauterine fetal growth restricted offspring: paradoxically enhanced appetite stimulation in fed and fasting states.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['adult obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphagia']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine fetal growth restriction', 'IUGR']

entities_list: @entity860 :: ('MESH:D000249', 'Chemical') :: ['AMP', 'Adenosine monophosphate']

entities_list: @entity1019 :: ('MESH:D012607', 'Disease') :: ['arcuate nucleus', 'ARC']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Visual assessment of medial temporal lobe @entity194 (MTA; range 0-4, from no @entity194 to increasing @entity194 of the choroid fissure, temporal horns and hippocampus) is a sensitive radiological marker of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). One of the critical elements for visual MTA assessment is the cut-off score that determines deviation from normality. METHODS: In this study, we assessed the sensitivity and specificity of different MTA cut-off scores to classify control subjects, individuals with @entity73 ( @entity73 ) and @entity195 @entity1 from two large independent cohorts, AddNeuroMed and @entity195 Neuroimaging Initiative. Of note, we evaluated the effects of clinical, demographic and genetic variables on the classification performance according to the different cut-offs. RESULTS: A cut-off of >= 1.5 based on the mean MTA scores of both hemispheres showed higher sensitivity in classifying @entity1 with @entity195 (84.5%) and @entity73 subjects (75.8%) who converted to @entity303 compared to an age-dependent cut-off. The age-dependent cut-off showed higher specificity or ability to correctly identify control subjects (83.2%) and those with @entity73 who remained stable (65.5%). Increasing age, early-onset disease and absence of the @entity2204 allele had a stronger influence on classifications using the >= 1.5 cut-off. Above 75 years of age, an alternative cut-off of >= 2.0 should be applied to achieve a classification accuracy for both @entity1 with @entity195 and control subjects that is clinically useful. CONCLUSION: Clinical, demographic and genetic variables can influence the classification of MTA cut-off scores, leading to misdiagnosis in some cases. These variables, in addition to the differential sensitivity and specificity of each cut-off, should be carefully considered when performing visual MTA assessment.

title: Influence of age, disease onset and @entity2204 on visual medial temporal lobe XXXX cut-offs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's Disease"]

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['atrophy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Study Design Controlled laboratory study; prospective. Background Postural stability deficits during single-leg stance have been reported in @entity1 with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, ACL reconstruction, and chronic ankle instability. It remains unclear whether impaired postural stability is a consequence or cause of these injuries. Objectives To prospectively investigate whether @entity51 during single-leg stance predict non-contact lower extremity injuries. Methods Fifty injury-free female athletes performed a transition task from double-leg stance to single-leg stance with eyes closed. The center of pressure (COP) displacement during the first 3 seconds after the time to new stability point (TAT) was reached during single-leg stance (COP TAT) was the main outcome variable. Non-contact lower extremity injuries were recorded during a 1-year follow-up. Results Six @entity1 sustained a non-contact ACL injury or @entity3681 . COP TAT was significantly increased in the injured (P=0.030) and non-injured leg (P=0.009) of the injured group compared to the respective matched leg of the non-injured group. The area under the receiving operating characteristic curve analysis (AUC) revealed significant discriminative accuracy between groups for COP TAT of the injured (AUC=0.814; P=0.015) and non-injured leg (AUC=0.897; P=0.004) of the injured group with the matched leg of the non-injured group. Conclusion Postural stability measurements during the single-leg stance phase of the double-leg stance to single-leg stance transition task may is suggestive of increased risk of non-contact lower @entity130 . J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, Epub 3 Jul 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6278.

title: Postural Stability During Single-Leg Stance: A Prospective Evaluation of Non-Contact Lower XXXX Risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['postural stability deficits']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['extremity injury']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle sprain']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Extremity Injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a novel technique of a @entity121 following superficial parotidectomy and to evaluate the impact of using this flap on @entity8810 and postoperative appearance. METHODS: In this retrospective study, there were 55 @entity1 who had had superficial parotid gland @entity5 removed, 28 @entity1 were restored by the @entity121 , and the remaining 27 @entity1 were not restored by the technique. The area of the flap was measured using Image-Pro plus 6.0 software. The objective starch- @entity1496 test was used to determine the incidence of @entity8810 . The postoperative aesthetic outcome of retromandibular contour was evaluated in all the @entity1 . RESULTS: The score in platysma flap group was significantly higher than the scores in the conventionally treated group (P < 0.01). The area of the flap was 1668.7    218.7 square millimeters. Of 28 @entity1 restored by the flap, 2 developed mild @entity8810 , and in the remaining 27 @entity1 10 had @entity8810 . There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.007). The technique produced satisfactory aesthetic results with good facial contour. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity121 , used as an interposing barrier between the overlying skin flap and the parotid bed following superficial parotidectomy, produced good results in the prevention of @entity8810 and resulted in good postoperative facial contour.

title: Usefulness of XXXX following superficial parotidectomy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity8810 :: ('MESH:D013547', 'Disease') :: ["Frey's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['platysma muscle flap']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['platysma muscle flap']


abstract: At the blastocyst stage of @entity1 pre-implantation development, three distinct cell lineages have formed: trophectoderm, hypoblast (primitive endoderm) and epiblast. The inability to derive @entity2085 ( @entity2085 ) cell lines in a variety of species suggests divergence between species in the cell signaling pathways involved in early lineage specification. In @entity19 , segregation of the primitive endoderm lineage from the pluripotent epiblast lineage depends on FGF/MAP kinase signaling, but it is unknown whether this is conserved between species. Here we examined segregation of the hypoblast and epiblast lineages in @entity291 and @entity1 embryos through modulation of FGF/MAP kinase signaling pathways in cultured embryos. @entity291 embryos stimulated with @entity29177 and heparin form inner cell masses (ICMs) composed entirely of hypoblast cells and no epiblast cells. Inhibition of @entity8047 in @entity291 embryos results in ICMs with increased epiblast precursors and decreased hypoblast precursors. The hypoblast precursor population was not fully ablated upon @entity8047 inhibition, indicating that other factors are involved in hypoblast differentiation. Surprisingly, inhibition of FGF signaling upstream of @entity8047 had no effects on epiblast and hypoblast precursor numbers in @entity291 development, suggesting that @entity27387 expression is not dependent on FGF signaling. By contrast, in @entity1 embryos, inhibition of @entity8047 did not significantly alter epiblast or hypoblast precursor numbers despite the ability of the @entity8047 inhibitor to potently inhibit ERK phosphorylation in @entity1 @entity2085 cells. These findings demonstrate intrinsic differences in early @entity1 development in the role of the FGF/MAP kinase signaling pathways in governing hypoblast versus epiblast lineage choices.

title: The roles of FGF and MAP kinase signaling in the segregation of the epiblast and hypoblast cell lineages in @entity291 and XXXX embryos.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['ES', 'embryonic stem']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Stent graft-induced new entry (SINE) has been increasingly observed after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for @entity1580 . We investigated the mechanism of late distal SINE, prevention strategies, proper size selection of the stent graft, and implantation sequence. METHODS: From November 2006 to May 2011, 99 @entity1 with @entity1580 underwent TEVAR with Zenith TX2 stent grafts (Cook, Bloomington, Ind) at our center. Among them, 27 distal SINEs were recognized. Eight of these @entity1 with complicated distal SINE required intervention with new distal endografts, and all were enrolled for further analysis. RESULTS: Eight of the 27 @entity1 with distal SINE underwent a secondary endograft procedure from February 2011 to July 2011. All were successfully treated without any complications or @entity204 . A high taper ratio (35%  11%) and excessive oversizing of the true lumen area at the distal stent level (293%  76%) were noted among these @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of distal SINE seemed to be high; however, there were also low rates of @entity204 and complications after TEVAR for @entity1580 using stainless steel-based stent grafts. Complicated distal SINE can successfully be resolved by distal endograft implantation. Excessive oversizing of the distal stent graft, as measured by the true lumen area, may be a significant factor causing delayed distal SINE. Precise size selection is crucial for the distal end of the stent, especially for high taper ratio dissection pathology in which the implantation sequence of a distal small-sized stent graft first might be considered to prevent future distal SINE.

title: Reintervention for distal stent graft-induced new entry after endovascular repair with a stainless steel-based device in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['aortic dissection']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4056 ( @entity4056 ) is the most common @entity361 of the gastrointestinal tract (GI). @entity4056 that arises primarily outside the GI tract is termed Extragastrointestinal @entity5 (EGIST). To the best of our knowledge, few cases of EGIST in the abdominal wall were reported. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We present a rare case of EGIST in the abdominal wall of a 57 year-old female @entity1 . The asymptomatic @entity5 was located in the superior aspect of the left rectus abdominis muscle, measured 5.4     cm  5.3     cm  6.9  cm and was well circumscribed. Histological examination showed an epithelioid cell morphology. The mitotic count was 7/50 HPFs. Immunohistochemistry showed diffuse strong @entity2467 positivity, focal positivity for S100. The @entity5 was excised and the margins were free of @entity5 . The @entity1 was doing well postoperatively and was discharged on @entity2213 regimen. DISCUSSION: Although @entity4056 is the most common @entity361 of the gastrointestinal tract, a case with EGIST in the abdominal wall is rare. Positive immunohistochemical staining for @entity2467 is a defining feature of GISTs. A great percentage of EGISTs represent a @entity3 from a primary @entity4056 . In our case, the clinical and diagnostic work-up have been proved it to be an EGIST. CONCLUSION: The existing data on EGIST is insufficient to make a final conclusion regarding the malignant potential and clinicopathological factors of EGISTs that determine @entity1 prognosis. Thus a follow-up for a long period is required. EGISTs should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis for @entity1 presenting with solid mass of the abdominal wall.

title: Extragastrointestinal XXXX (EGIST) in the abdominal wall: Case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stromal Tumor', 'tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity4056 :: ('MESH:D007414', 'Disease') :: ['Gastro Intestinal Stromal Tumor', 'GIST']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Stromal Tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of @entity5484 ( @entity5484 ) and its relationship to the content of @entity855 ( @entity855 ) in livers of @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) @entity35 fed a fat-rich diet. METHODS: To produce a @entity1561 model, a fat-rich diet, consisting of 10% lard oil + 2% @entity165 , was given to @entity35 for a period of 8, 12, 16 and 24 weeks. The normal control @entity35 were fed normal diets. The expressions of @entity5484 in the liver were detected by immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The content of @entity855 of liver was measured by fluorometry. RESULTS: @entity1560 were observed in the model group after 8 weeks. From 12 week to 24 week, the livers of the model group @entity35 gradually progressed from simple @entity1560 to @entity1560 with pericellular @entity82 . Both immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitive RT-PCR suggested the up-regulated expression of @entity5484 in these @entity1561 @entity35 livers. The hepatic expression of @entity5484 mRNA in the model group was increased with time, and peaked in 24 week by 4.2 times compared to the control group ( t = 16.474, P < 0.01). The @entity855 content of livers was significantly reduced in the model group compared with the control group at 16 weeks [(2.97+/-0.48) x 10(-8) micromol/g vs. (2.25+/-0.55) x 10(-8) micromol/g, t = 2.419, P < 0.05] and 24 weeks [(2.97+/-0.48) x 10(-8) micromol/g vs. (1.99+/-0.66) x 10(-8) micromol/g, t = 3.248, P < 0.01]. Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between the @entity5484 mRNA expression and the content of @entity855 in the livers of the @entity1561 group (r = -0.93, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity35 model of @entity1561 could be replicated sucessfully by feeding a fat-rich diet for 24 weeks, and the mRNA and its protein of @entity5484 were expressed un-regulated in livers of @entity1561 . The increasing @entity5484 might play a role in the reduction of @entity855 content in livers of the @entity1561 @entity35 .

title: [Expression of @entity5484 and its relationship to the content of @entity855 in the nonalcoholic fatty livers of XXXX fed a high-fat diet].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['Simple fatty livers', 'steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: We evaluated low-dose @entity3873 (0.25 microgram b.i.d.) in combination with 1 g of supplemental @entity460 therapy as treatment for @entity6092 @entity1 over 60 years of age (n = 4). Control @entity1 (n = 6) received @entity7218 (50,000 units twice a week) and 1 g of supplemental @entity460 . Bone biopsies and CT-determined bone mineral density were done initially and after 1 year of therapy. Bone mineral density increased from 77 +/- 18 to 88 +/- 9 mg/ml (NS) in the @entity3873 -treated group and from 87 +/- 13 to 112 +/- 30 mg/ml (NS) in the @entity7218 -treated group. There was also no significant change in bone volume, as determined by bone biopsy in either group. No compression @entity174 occurred in either treatment group. After 1 year of therapy, urinary @entity460 excretion was increased significantly above that observed in age-matched untreated @entity1 . @entity1011 clearance did not change significantly. @entity2741 was rare. In summary, we found @entity3873 was not superior to @entity7218 in preventing progressive @entity604 and @entity174 . Both therapies were associated with significant @entity5200 .

title: Effect of low-dose XXXX and @entity460 therapy on bone histomorphometry and urinary @entity460 excretion in @entity6092 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity7218 :: ('MESH:D004872', 'Chemical') :: ['ergocalciferol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine']

entities_list: @entity5200 :: ('MESH:D053565', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalciuria']

entities_list: @entity6092 :: ('MESH:C567172', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenic']

answer: @entity3873 :: (MESH:D002117,Chemical) :: ['calcitriol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2009, a university adopted a policy of emergency department transport of students appearing intoxicated on campus. The objective was to describe the change in @entity2613 referrals after policy initiation and describe a group of students at risk for acute @entity285 -related morbidity. METHODS: A retrospective cohort of university students during academic years 2007-2011 (September-June) transported to local @entity2613 's was evaluated. Data were compared 2  years prior to initiation of the policy and 3  years after and included total number of @entity2613 transports and blood or breath @entity285 level. RESULTS: 971 Students were transported to local @entity2613 's. The mean number of yearly transports 2  years prior to policy initiation was 131 and 3  years after was 236 (56  % increase, p  <  0.01). 92  % had a blood or breath @entity285 level obtained. The mean @entity285 level was 193  mg/dL. Twenty percent of students had @entity285 levels greater than 250  mg/dL. CONCLUSIONS: Adoption of a university @entity285 policy was followed by a significant increase in @entity2613 transports of intoxicated students. College students identified as intoxicated frequently drank to @entity137 .

title: Drinking to XXXX : college students referred for emergency medical evaluation.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity35033 ( @entity35033 ) is an under-recognized @entity74 . We describe clinical, biochemical, and molecular findings in a cohort of @entity1 with this treatable condition. We aim to improve awareness of the phenotype and available diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to reduce delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis, optimize management, and improve understanding of pathophysiologic mechanisms. METHODS: Forty-three individuals with @entity35033 were identified from 23 international medical centers. The phenotype and treatment response were assessed by chart review using a detailed standardized instrument and by literature review for cases for which records were unavailable. RESULTS: In most cases, motor and @entity10791 , @entity2421 , @entity3519 , @entity425 , @entity748 , and diurnal fluctuation of symptoms with sleep benefit become evident in infancy or childhood. Average age of onset is 7 months, with delay to diagnosis of 9.1 years. Misdiagnoses of @entity306 ( @entity306 ) are common. Most @entity1 benefit dramatically from levodopa/carbidopa, often with further improvement with the addition of @entity2476 . Cerebrospinal fluid findings are distinctive. Diagnosis is confirmed by mutation analysis and/or enzyme activity measurement in cultured fibroblasts. INTERPRETATION: Common, clinical findings of @entity35033 , aside from @entity748 and diurnal fluctuation, are nonspecific and mimic @entity306 with @entity2421 or @entity3519 . @entity1 usually improve dramatically with treatment. Consequently, we recommend consideration of @entity35033 not only in @entity1 with levodopa-responsive @entity1957 , but also in @entity1 with @entity245 with @entity2421 , and @entity1 with unexplained or atypical presumed @entity306 . Biochemical investigation of cerebrospinal fluid is the preferred method of initial investigation. Early diagnosis and treatment are recommended to prevent ongoing @entity75 .

title: XXXX : a treatable mimic of @entity306 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['oculogyric crises']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delays']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity2476 :: ('CHEBI:28171', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptophan']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['motor disorders']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia', 'axial hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity10791 :: ('MESH:D007805', 'Disease') :: ['language delays']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['levodopa-responsive disorder']

entities_list: @entity35033 :: ('MESH:C562657', 'Disease') :: ['Sepiapterin reductase deficiency', 'SRD']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'CP']

answer: @entity35033 :: (MESH:C562657,Disease) :: ['Sepiapterin reductase deficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Standard follow up for bone recurrence has not yet been established for @entity356 after surgical resection. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of and related risk factors for bone recurrence after surgical resection of @entity356 . METHODS: A cohort of 3035 @entity356 @entity1 after curative resection was reviewed. We analyzed the @entity1 who had bone scintigraphy before the surgery as well as during the follow-up period. The incidence of and the risk factors for bone recurrence after surgical resection of @entity356 were investigated. RESULTS: In a total of 1683 @entity1 analyzed, bone recurrence was detected in 30 @entity1 (1.8%). The incidence of bone recurrence was significantly higher in advanced @entity356 than in early lesions (3.5 vs. 0.4%, p < 0.01). The most common recurrence site was the spine, followed by pelvic bone and rib. Most @entity1 had multiple bone @entity3 . The median time for recurrence was 28 months (range 4-111) from the surgery. In univariate analysis, the recurrence rate was higher in the @entity5 with large size, undifferentiated pathology, location in the body, and advanced stage. In multivariate analysis, lymph node @entity3 (N2/N3 vs. N0/ @entity34675 ) was the most predictable risk factor for bone recurrence [hazard ratio [HR] 1.44 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.217-1.694)] and depth of invasion (T2-4 vs. T1) was also independently associated with bone recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of bone recurrence was low after curative surgery in @entity1 with @entity356 . Intensive follow up with bone scintigraphy seems to be unnecessary in these @entity1 .

title: Bone recurrence after curative resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity34675 :: ('p|SUB|N|0|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['N0I']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric cancers']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: Diet exerts a profound influence upon the @entity137 (tested in the omnivorous white @entity35 ) of certain substances, namely, @entity3636 , @entity3151 , @entity16775 , and @entity7524 , which cause @entity39 of the parenchymatous cells of the liver or of the kidney. Susceptibility to intoxication with all of these substances is less after a diet rich in @entity1735 than after a diet consisting of meat. Carbohydrates protect the parenchymatous cells of the liver or of the kidneys from @entity39 caused by any one of these substances. @entity3636 is much more toxic to animals which have received a diet consisting in great part of fat than to those which have received meat. When fat is fed to the white @entity35 fatty infiltration occurs in the centers of the hepatic lobules and in the loops of Henle of the kidney. The @entity39 caused by @entity3636 has the same location. The solubility of @entity3636 in fat determines the increased susceptibility of animals which have received fat and stored it in the parenchymatous cells of the liver and kidney. Susceptibility to intoxication with @entity3151 which causes @entity528 and @entity39 of the liver is not increased by a diet of fat. Necrosis caused by @entity3151 occurs in the periphery of the hepatic lobule and exhibits maximum intensity in animals which have received meat. Susceptibility to intoxication with @entity16775 which causes @entity1310 with @entity39 of the convoluted tubules of the kidney is not greater after a diet of fat than after a diet of meat. Susceptibility to intoxication with @entity7524 which causes @entity1310 with advanced @entity39 of renal tubules is increased by a diet of fat. The loops of Henle, in which fat is abundant after a diet of fat, are the chief site of @entity39 .

title: THE INFLUENCE OF DIET UPON NECROSIS CAUSED BY HEPATIC AND RENAL POISONS : PART II. DIET AND THE NEPHRITIS CAUSED BY @entity16775 , XXXX , OR @entity3636 .

entities_list: @entity16775 :: ('MESH:C027373', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chromate']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform', 'Chloroform']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['fatty degeneration']

entities_list: @entity7524 :: ('MESH:D014502', 'Chemical') :: ['uranium nitrate']

answer: @entity7524 :: (MESH:D014502,Chemical) :: ['URANIUM NITRATE']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A series of 12 @entity1 in our centre following single level instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion at L4-L5 developed unexplainable motor weakness in the proximal lumbar nerve roots (L2, L3) and numbness of the whole limb, a clinical picture resembling @entity5300 . Even though @entity5300 has been reported following gynaecological procedures and in transpsoas interbody fusion surgeries, there is no literature reporting this complication following conventional instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusions. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. OBJECTIVE: To find the possible mechanism of development of @entity5300 in @entity1 who underwent posterior lumbar interbody fusion surgeries in our centre. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively the medical records, electrophysiological reports of the @entity1 , literatures on the anatomy of lumbar plexus and other literature reporting similar complications. We also dissected lumbar plexus of three cadavers and simulated surgical technique on them to find the mechanism of development of this unusual complication. RESULTS: We found @entity130 that probably occurred intraoperatively with Hohmann's retractor that was used for retraction of the paraspinal muscles. This theory was favoured by many clinical factors and further confirmed by cadaveric dissections. CONCLUSION: We conclude that surgical technique with improper use of Hohmann's retractor causes traction and compression injury to the lumbar plexus resulting in this complication. We propose proper technique of insertion of Hohmann's retractor and also recommend use of modified Hohmann's retractor with shorter tips for spinal procedures to prevent such complication.

title: Lumbar XXXX following instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion: a complication with use of Hohmann's retractor.

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar plexopathy']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury to lumbar plexus']

answer: @entity5300 :: (MESH:D020516,Disease) :: ['plexopathy']


abstract: A strategy is needed on how to treat the growing number of @entity28 @entity1 with the limited resources available. We compared the long-term (24 months) effectiveness of therapist-led groups (TLG) v. self-help groups (SHG) for parents on changes in @entity1 's adiposity and dietary intake. The study included ninety-nine @entity1 (forty-eight @entity1 ) who were referred to @entity28 treatment (7   12 years, BMI z-scores >=  2, attendance of at least one parent). Parents (ninety-one mothers, fifty-four fathers) were randomised to TLG aimed at increasing parents' competence to accomplish lifestyle changes (n 47), or SHG (n 52), both with fifteen sessions. All @entity1 participated in @entity1 's groups, and all families attended individual counselling by a clinical dietitian and physiotherapist. Percentage of body fat (BF) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, BMI z-score was calculated by international reference values and dietary intake was calculated from 4 d estimated food records at baseline and after 6 and 24 months. No significant between-group differences were detected in the @entity1 's changes in adiposity or dietary intake after 6 and 24 months. BF, BMI z-scores and energy intake were significantly decreased after 6 months (P< 0  05) in both intervention groups, and this persisted throughout 24 months without compromising the diet macronutrient composition. In conclusion, the TLG and SHG intervention groups appear to be equally effective in improving long-term adiposity and @entity28 @entity1 . Further research should be performed to clarify whether the SHG should be preferred to parental group treatment for similar @entity1 with @entity28 .

title: A randomised study on the effectiveness of therapist-led v. self-help parental intervention for treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['dietary intake in obese', 'obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['childhood obesity']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Opioids are recommended as appropriate therapy for the treatment of @entity5 @entity158 and chronic non-malignant @entity158 . @entity1288 is an alternative agent to its parent compound, @entity1286 , and is available in a controlled-release (CR) formulation that allows convenient twice-daily dosing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of @entity1288 CR as first-line therapy in @entity1 with chronic @entity5 that was not relieved by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). METHODS: This was a prospective, open-label, multicentre trial carried out in 8 @entity158 and oncology centres in Italy. @entity1 (n = 309) with NSAID-refractory chronic @entity5 (55.7%), noncancer (39.4%) or mixed (4.9%) @entity158 (rating of 4-10 on a numerical rating scale [NRS] from 0-10) were enrolled. @entity1 were treated with oral @entity1288 CR twice daily for at least 28 days. Dosage was individualized for each @entity1 and up-titrated over the first week of treatment. The primary endpoint was reduction in NRS score for @entity158 . Secondary endpoints were tolerability, quality of life and @entity1 assessment of treatment efficacy. RESULTS: A significant decrease (57%) in @entity158 intensity was recorded during the first week of therapy (decrease in NRS score from 7.85 +/- 1.4 to 3.35 +/- 1.8; p < 0.00001). Overall, there was a 72.3% reduction in NRS @entity158 score from baseline at the end of the study. Quality of life significantly (p < 0.005) improved during @entity1288 therapy, and 91% of @entity1 rated treatment as "effective" or "very effective". Five @entity1 stopped @entity1288 CR treatment because of adverse events, and one stopped treatment because of @entity1282 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrate the efficacy and tolerability of @entity1288 CR in @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity158 of a variety of aetiologies and confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of moving directly from step I to step III on the WHO analgesic treatment ladder.

title: Use of @entity1288 controlled-release immediately after NSAIDs: a new approach to obtain XXXX control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone', 'Oxycodone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer or non-cancer pain', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['good pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A new instrument to assess stress @entity1635 @entity1 have whilst wearing their brace has been developed. Aim of this study was to test the reliability of this new instrument. METHODS: Eight questions are provided focussing on this topic only, including two questions to test the credibility. A max. score of 24 can be achieved (from 0 for most stress to 24 for least stress). We have proposed a subdivision of the score values as follows: 0-8 (strong stress), 9-16 (medium stress) and 17-24 (little stress).85 @entity1 were invited to take part in this study and to complete the BSSQbrace questionnaire twice, once at the first presentation and a second after a further three days.62 @entity1 with an average age of 14,5 years and an average Cobb angle of 40 degrees returned their fully completed questionnaires. RESULTS: The average stress value was 12,5/24 at the first measurement and 12,4/24 at the second measurement. Ceiling value was 23; floor value 2. The average stress value was 12,5 / 24 at the first measurement and 12,4 / 24 at the second measurement (from 0 for most stress to 24 for least stress). Ceiling value was 23; floor value 2. There was a correlation of 0,88 (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient) between the values of the two measurements. Cronbach alpha was 0, 97. CONCLUSION: The BSSQbrace questionnaire is reliable with good internal consistency and reproducibility. It can be used to measure the coping strategies a @entity1 uses and the impairment a @entity1 feels to have, whilst wearing a brace.

title: The reliability of the Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaire (BSSQbrace) in adolescents with XXXX during brace treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: The clinical significance of lymphangiogenesis in @entity5 remains controversial. Our aim was to investigate the correlation between lymphangiogenesis, @entity7453 ( @entity7453 ) and @entity5 @entity3 , invasion and prognosis in @entity1544 . Paraffin sections of 90 @entity1 with FIGO (F  d  ration Internationale de Gyn  cologie et d'Obst  trique) Ib1-IIa @entity1544 were stained for immunohistochemistry with a D2-40 monoclonal antibody against the carcinoembryonic antigen M2A. The lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and @entity7453 were measured, and their relationship with the clinicopathological data was analyzed. D2-40-positive lymphatic vessels were found in 75 of the 90 @entity1 (83.3 %). All D2-40-positive vessels were located in peritumoral areas. The mean  SD of the peritumoral LVD was 10.08  4.16. The positive rate of @entity7453 was 32.0 % (24/75). The recurrence rate of @entity1 with LVD >10 (62.1 %, 18/29) was significantly higher than that of @entity1 with LVD  <=10 (34.8 %, 16/46, P = 0.021). The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate of @entity1 with LVD >10 (41.0 %) was significantly lower than that of @entity1 with LVD  <=10 (67.0 %, P = 0.045). Univariate analysis showed that the peritumoral LVD ( <=10 vs >10) was correlated with @entity7453 (absent vs present, P = 0.016). The peritumoral LVD and @entity7453 showed no correlation with age, FIGO stage, @entity5 size, @entity5 grade, depth of invasion, or pelvic lymph node @entity3 (all: P > 0.05). Peritumoral lymphangiogenesis was correlated with the recurrence and recurrence-free survival in @entity1 with @entity1544 . Examination of peritumoral LVD in these @entity1 might therefore help to estimate the risk of recurrence.

title: Clinical significance of peritumoral lymphatic vessel density and @entity7453 detected by D2-40 immunostaining in FIGO Ib1-IIa XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity7453 :: ('MESH:D008207', 'Disease') :: ['LVI', 'lymphatic vessel invasion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1544 :: (MESH:D018307,Disease) :: ['squamous cell cervical cancer']


abstract: The aim of the present experiment was to investigate effects of @entity6358 and @entity2515 , administered in vivo, on responses of @entity235 isolated arterial strips to adrenergic drugs, and to study a possible mechanism involved in the reversal of blood pressure responses to @entity935 . Dose-dependent contractile responses to @entity1425 (A), @entity935 (DA) and @entity6358 (ED) were @entity308 in the femoral strips isolated from the ED-treated @entity235 as compared with those isolated from the untreated @entity235 . Those to @entity1063 (NA) were potentiated in low concentration and in hibited in high concentration, though those to @entity6114 (TY) were not altered. Relaxing and contractile responses to @entity3044 (IP) were inhibited. DA did not induce a relaxing effect but a contractile one even in the strips brought to a state of moderate tone with ED or @entity30974 . In the strips isolated from the @entity2515 -treated @entity235 , contractile responses were to some extent potentiated by NA, A and DA, and significantly by ED, while those to TY were inhibited. Relaxing responses to IP were reduced and contractile responses potentiated. In the strips extirpated from the @entity2515 and ED-treated @entity235 , contractile responses to NA and A were potentiated in low concentration and tended to be potentiated in high concentration whereas those to DA and ED were not affected. Dose-dependent relaxing effects of DA in the @entity235 renal and mesenteric strips contracted previously by @entity4338 after @entity5333 were attenuated by treatment with @entity6358 in vivo. The results suggested that the @entity935 reversal in the blood pressure may be mainly due to actions other than its peripheral effect on the blood vessels.

title: Modifications of responses to adrenergic drugs in arterial strip by treatment in vivo with @entity6358 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity6358 :: ('MESH:D004809', 'Chemical') :: ['ephedrine']

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity30974 :: ('MESH:D005259', 'Chemical') :: ['phelypressin']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity6114 :: ('MESH:D014439', 'Chemical') :: ['tyramine']

answer: @entity2515 :: (MESH:D012110,Chemical) :: ['reserpine']


abstract: Primary cilia (PC) are solitary, sensory organelles that are critical for several signaling pathways. PC were detected by immunofluorescence of cultured cells and breast tissues. After growth for 7 days in vitro, PC were detected in    70% of breast fibroblasts and in 7-19% of epithelial cells derived from benign breast ( @entity1 and MCF10A). In 11 @entity0 cell lines, PC were present at a low frequency in four (from 0.3% to 4% of cells), but were absent in the remainder. The @entity5 cell lines with PC were all of the basal B subtype, which is analogous to the clinical triple-negative @entity0 subtype. Furthermore, the frequency of PC decreased with increasing degree of transformation/progression in the MCF10 and MDA-MB-435/LCC6 isogenic models of @entity5 progression. In histologically normal breast tissues, PC were frequent in fibroblasts and myoepithelial cells and less common in luminal epithelial cells. Of 26 @entity0 examined, rare PC were identified in @entity5 epithelial cells of only one @entity5 , which was of the triple-negative subtype. These data indicate a decrease or loss of PC in @entity0 and an association of PC with the basal B subtype. This manuscript contains online supplemental material at http://www.jhc.org. Please visit this article online to view these materials.

title: Primary cilia are decreased in @entity0 : analysis of a collection of @entity1 XXXX cell lines and tissues.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast cancers']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Conformational dynamics of wild-type @entity1 @entity1390 ( @entity1390 ), two mutants of residue Ala328, the catalytically active @entity33820 , and the catalytically inactive (silent) @entity33821 , and their interactions with @entity6326 were studied. The aim was to understand the molecular mechanisms by which point mutations may lead to silent @entity1390 variant or alter catalytic activity. Importance of @entity1390 natural variants is due to medical consequences, i.e. prolonged @entity386 , following administration of the myorelaxant @entity14743 , @entity2900 and @entity24478 . Comparison of @entity74 ( @entity74 ) simulations for the three model systems showed that: 1) the active mutant @entity33820 mutant has some changes in configuration of catalytic residues, which do not prevent binding of @entity6326 to the active site; 2) in the naturally-occurring silent variant @entity33821 , the @entity2574 328 @entity3338 may either form a salt bridge with Lys339 or a @entity8108 -bond with His438. In the first case, the   -loop swings off the gorge, disrupting the   -cation binding site and the catalytic triad. In the second case, binding of cationic substrates in the catalytic center is also impaired. @entity74 simulations carried out in 0.15  M @entity4202 , close to physiological ionic strength conditions, favored the second situation. It was seen that @entity2574 328 forms a @entity8108 -bond with the catalytic triad His438, which in turn disrupts the catalytic machinery. Therefore, we concluded that the @entity33821 variant is not catalytically active because of that dramatic event. Computational results, consistent with in  vitro biochemical data and clinical observations, validate our @entity74 approach.

title: Understanding the non-catalytic behavior of @entity1 @entity1390 silent variants: Comparison of wild-type enzyme, catalytically active XXXX mutant, and silent @entity33821 variant.

entities_list: @entity6326 :: ('MESH:C017100', 'Chemical') :: ['butyrylcholine']

entities_list: @entity33820 :: ('p|SUB|A|328|C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ala328Cys']

entities_list: @entity1390 :: ('590', 'Gene') :: ['BChE', 'butyrylcholinesterase']

entities_list: @entity33821 :: ('p|SUB|A|328|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ala328Asp']

entities_list: @entity24478 :: ('MESH:C049430', 'Chemical') :: ['mivacurium']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['molecular dynamics', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity3338 :: ('CHEBI:35757', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxylate']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['succinylcholine']

answer: @entity33820 :: (p|SUB|A|328|C,ProteinMutation) :: ['Ala328Cys']


abstract: Since its introduction, ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy has undergone significant evolution. Because of the low sensitivity of ultrasonography in detecting @entity263 , tissue is sampled randomly within the gland. In an attempt to enhance @entity5 detection and characterization, the trend has been to increase the number of biopsy cores taken. Saturation biopsies of the prostate gland were first evaluated as a diagnostic tool. When performed as an initial procedure, saturation biopsies do not seem to improve @entity5 detection when compared to standard biopsy. However, saturation biopsies might be of clinical value in @entity1 with previous negative standard biopsies but persistently rising PSA levels. As a staging tool, the use of saturation biopsies was proposed mainly to avoid overtreatment of clinically insignificant @entity5 . Results from clinical and autopsy studies have suggested that saturation biopsies are more accurate than standard biopsies in histological characterization of @entity263 . Improving @entity5 characterization might require an increase in the number of cores taken, but knowing their precise location is paramount. Strict template guidance and three-dimensional techniques offer a more comprehensive approach than current ultrasound-guided approaches, and the advantage of precisely recording every core location. New imaging techniques, such as diffusion-weighted and spectroscopic MRI might also help in targeting prostate biopsies.

title: Saturation biopsies for XXXX : current uses and future prospects.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']