abstract: PURPOSE: To assess long-term outcomes 7 to 8 years after initiation of intensive ranibizumab therapy in exudative @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) @entity1 . DESIGN: Multicenter, noninterventional cohort study. @entity1 : Sixty-five @entity1020 @entity1 originally treated with ranibizumab in the phase 3 Anti- @entity7 Antibody for the Treatment of Predominantly Classic @entity1940 in @entity1020 (ANCHOR) trial, Minimally Classic/Occult Trial of the Anti- @entity7 Antibody Ranibizumab in the Treatment of @entity1020 (MARINA) trial, and Open-Label Extension Trial of Ranibizumab for @entity1940 Secondary to Age-Related @entity1020 (HORIZON). METHODS: Fourteen clinical trial sites recruited their original subjects for a return evaluation. Individual subject comparisons were obtained from the ANCHOR, MARINA, and HORIZON databases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary end point was percentage with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/70 or better; secondary outcomes included mean change in letter score compared with previous time points and anatomic results on @entity941 angiography, spectral-domain ocular coherence tomography (OCT), and @entity3217 ( @entity3217 ). RESULTS: At a mean of 7.3 years (range, 6.3-8.5 years) after entry into ANCHOR or MARINA, 37% of study eyes met the primary end point of 20/70 or better BCVA, with 23% achieving a BCVA of 20/40 or better. Thirty-seven percent of study eyes had BCVA of 20/200 or worse. Forty-three percent of study eyes had a stable or improved letter score (>= 0-letter gain) compared with ANCHOR or MARINA baseline measurements, whereas 34% declined by 15 letters or more, with overall a mean decline of 8.6 letters (P<0.005). Since exit from the HORIZON study, study eyes had received a mean of 6.8 anti- @entity7 ( @entity7 ) injections during the mean 3.4-year interval; a subgroup of @entity1 who received 11 or more anti- @entity7 injections had a significantly better mean gain in letter score since HORIZON exit (P<0.05). Active exudative disease was detected by spectral-domain OCT in 68% of study eyes, and 46% were receiving ongoing ocular anti- @entity7 treatments. @entity194 was detected by @entity3217 in 98% of eyes, with a mean area of 9.4 mm(2); the area of atrophy correlated significantly with poor visual outcome (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 7 years after ranibizumab therapy in the ANCHOR or MARINA trials, one third of @entity1 demonstrated good visual outcomes, whereas another third had poor outcomes. Compared with baseline, almost half of eyes were stable, whereas one third declined by 15 letters or more. Even at this late stage in the therapeutic course, exudative @entity1020 @entity1 remain at risk for substantial visual decline.

title: Seven-year outcomes in ranibizumab-treated XXXX in ANCHOR, MARINA, and HORIZON: a multicenter cohort study (SEVEN-UP).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['Choroidal Neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['fundus autofluorescence', 'FAF']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['Macular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['Neovascular AMD', 'Macular Degeneration', 'AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The ability of the host to modulate the granulomatous response around ova trapped in tissues determines the severity of @entity281 . Multiple factors may affect this modulation such as age, prior sensitization, history of treatment, and exposure. The present study examines the effect of different patterns of exposure on the sequential development and modulation of @entity738 in juvenile Kenyan @entity6599 ( @entity3474 ) after receiving either a single @entity281 (SI) of 1500 @entity380 cercariae or @entity281 ( @entity281 ) of 150 cercariae, once a week for 10 weeks. Prior to sacrifice at 17 weeks postinfection (p.i.), liver biopsies were obtained at Weeks 0, 6, 9, and 13. SI animals experienced more @entity353 compared to @entity281 animals. Peak hepatic @entity738 size (mean 355 +/- 65.5 microns diameter), the maximum percentage of eosinophils in the @entity738 (61%), and severity of disease occurred at 6 weeks in SI animals. Peak @entity738 size and pathology did not appear until Week 9 in the @entity281 animals (mean 317.7 +/- 67.3 microns diameter). @entity738 size, tissue @entity1712 , and gross pathology diminished by Week 13 p.i. and were virtually absent in both groups by Week 17. The decrease in @entity738 size, pathology, and clinical illness resolved more rapidly in the @entity281 @entity6599 . @entity281 @entity6599 were more susceptible to @entity281 (83 +/- 12% of cercariae developed into adult worms) compared to @entity281 @entity6599 (67 +/- 7%, P < 0.01). Eggs recovered from tissues at necropsy were primarily confined to the large intestine (85% of total egg recovered), followed by liver (10%) and small intestine (5%). Significantly more eggs were recovered from @entity281 compared to SI animals, indicating a higher fecundity of female worms in the @entity281 @entity6599 . These date demonstrate that granulomatous responses develop more slowly and modulate more rapidly with repeated @entity281 compared to a single heavy @entity281 and suggest the type of exposure may affect the pathologic response to @entity281 .

title: @entity380 : development and modulation of the @entity738 after or multiple exposures in the XXXX ( @entity3474 ).

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged dysentery and greater weight loss']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma', 'Granuloma']

entities_list: @entity3474 :: ('9555', 'Species') :: ['Papio cynocephalus anubis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Singly infected', 'multiple infections', 'disease to schistosome infections', 'MI', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

answer: @entity3474 :: (9555,Species) :: ['baboon']


abstract: The transcription program of the @entity33325 , a distant relative of @entity31009 , has been studied. Transcription of the @entity33325 genome occurred in two stages, early and late. Early genes were expressed from two promoters equivalent to the @entity31009 A2b and A2c promoters, whereas late transcription started at a site equivalent to the @entity31009 late A3 promoter. The activity of the @entity33325 early A2b and A2c promoters diminished 10 minutes after infection, a time at which expression of the late promoter increased significantly. The switch from early to late transcription required protein synthesis, suggesting the need for viral protein(s). An open reading frame was found in the @entity33325 genome coding for a protein showing a 53 % similarity to @entity31009 regulatory protein p4, and was named p4G. In @entity31009 , protein p4 represses the early A2b and A2c promoters and activates the late A3 promoter by recruiting RNA polymerase to it. A binding site for protein p4Gwas localized upstream from the @entity33325 late A3 promoter, overlapping with the early A2b promoter. In vitro, protein p4Gprevented the binding of RNA polymerase to the @entity33325 early A2b promoter but, unlike in @entity31009 , had no effect on the expression of the late A3 promoter: RNA polymerase could efficiently bind and initiate transcription from the A3 promoter in the absence of protein p4G. Therefore, activation of late transcription occurs differently in @entity33325 and @entity31009 . We propose that protein p4Gis an anti-repressor which inhibits the binding to the late promoter of an unknown repressor factor present in the host strain.

title: The switch from early to late transcription in phage XXXX : characterization of the regulatory protein p4G.

answer: @entity33325 :: (12345,Species) :: ['GA-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prevalence, association, and clearance of human papillomavirus (HPV) and antisperm antibodies (ASAs) in infected semen samples from @entity249 @entity1 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional clinical study. SETTING: Andrology and microbiology sections at a university hospital. @entity1 (S): Three groups of subjects: 61 @entity249 @entity1 with @entity1083 , 104 noninfected @entity249 subjects, and 92 control subjects. INTERVENTION(S): Semen analysis, spermMar test, fluorescence in situ hybridization for sperm @entity2007 and for HPV, and immunofluorescence for @entity1799 -L1 and immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM) determination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Association of sperm procedures, @entity1083 , sperm @entity2007 , and sperm ASAs. RESULT(S): @entity249 @entity1 with @entity1083 showed high percentages of ASAs. In these @entity1 @entity1083 was associated with lower sperm motility, which was worse in subjects with ASAs. No alterations of sperm chromosomes were observed. To obtain a significant clearance of both @entity1083 and ASAs at least 24 months of follow-up were needed. CONCLUSION(S): @entity1082 has been recently suggested to have an important role in @entity4810 . This study demonstrated that @entity1083 can be long lasting and frequently associated with ASAs that may further reduce male fertility. @entity249 @entity1 with positive spermMar test results should be considered for investigation for HPV, especially if they are candidates for assisted reproduction.

title: Association, prevalence, and clearance of human papillomavirus and antisperm antibodies in infected semen samples from @entity249 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertile', 'Infertile']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy', 'aneuploidies']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV semen infection', 'HPV sperm infection']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Factors influencing work-related @entity85 might differ in developing and developed countries. AIMS: To assess the prevalence and determinants of @entity4512 in four occupational populations in @entity3595 Lanka. METHODS: As part of the international Cultural and Psychosocial Influences on Disability study, samples of postal workers, sewing machinists, nurses and computer operators were interviewed about @entity158 at each of six anatomical sites in the past month, and about possible physical and psychosocial risk factors. Associations with prevalent @entity158 were assessed by binomial regression. RESULTS: Analysis was based on 852 @entity1 (86% response rate). Overall, the lower back was the most common site of @entity158 , with 1-month prevalence ranging from 12% in computer operators to 30% in nurses. Postal workers had the highest prevalence of shoulder @entity158 (23%), but @entity158 in the wrist/hand was relatively uncommon in all four occupational groups (prevalence rates ranged from 8% to 9%). Low mood and tendency to somatize were consistently associated with @entity158 at all six sites. After adjustment for psychosocial risk factors, there was a higher rate of @entity1643 in nurses and postal workers than in computer operators, a higher rate of shoulder @entity158 in postal workers than in the other occupational populations, and a relatively low rate of knee @entity158 in computer operators. CONCLUSIONS: Rates of regional @entity158 , especially at the wrist/hand, were lower than have been reported in Western countries. As elsewhere, @entity158 was strongly associated with low mood and somatizing tendency. Differences in patterns of @entity158 by occupation may reflect differences in physical activities.

title: @entity4512 in four occupational populations in XXXX Lanka.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']

answer: @entity3595 :: (6717,Gene) :: ['Sri']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We have previously described a @entity19 model of @entity1 @entity19770 ( @entity19770 ) and localized the causative mutation to a 6.2 Mbp region of chromosome 2, termed @entity41010 . We now show that the gene rearrangement linked to @entity19 @entity41010 is a 3.9 Mbp chromosomal inversion flanked by 81 Kbp and 542 bp deletions. This recombination event leads to deletion of @entity41918 bp Exons 8 through 11, @entity41919 Exons 20 and 21, and the pseudogene Znf133. In addition, we identified translocation of novel downstream sequences to positions adjacent to @entity41918 and @entity41919 Exon 20. Twelve novel fusion transcripts involving @entity41920 or @entity41919 linked to downstream sequences have been identified. Eight are expressed at detectable levels in @entity41010 but not wildtype eyes. Upregulation of two @entity41920 fusion transcripts, as well as upregulation of the adjacent gene, @entity41921 , was observed. Absence of the @entity41010 phenotype in animals haploinsufficient for @entity41920 or both @entity41920 and @entity41919 rules out haploinsufficiency of these genes as a cause of @entity19 @entity41010 . Complementation experiments confirm that @entity41010 @entity2085 is due to disruption of @entity41920 expression. The ocular expression pattern of @entity41920 is consistent with a role for this protein in corneal development and pathogenesis of @entity41010 .

title: Association of a Chromosomal Rearrangement Event with @entity19 Posterior Polymorphous Corneal Dystrophy and Alterations in @entity41920 , XXXX , and @entity41921 Gene Expression.

entities_list: @entity19770 :: ('MESH:C562745', 'Disease') :: ['PPCD', 'posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic lethality']

answer: @entity41919 :: (241688(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Dzank1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Osteitic bone is a feature of @entity102 ( @entity102 ), potentially playing a role in pathogenesis. Although seen after previous endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), it is also a de novo feature in @entity1 without prior interventions. In these @entity1 , @entity4421 is associated with high tissue and serum @entity1712 . However, the impact of @entity4421 on prognosis is unclear. This study investigates the clinical and endoscopic outcomes between @entity1 with and without @entity4421 after primary ESS. METHODS: A prospective study of a cohort of previously unoperated @entity1 with @entity102 undergoing ESS was performed. The sinuses were scored radiologically for @entity4421 using the Global @entity4421 Score (GOS) and Kennedy @entity4421 Score (KOS) preoperatively and were also scored dichotomously for the presence or absence of @entity4421 . Disease-specific quality of life (22-item Sino-Nasal Outcomes Test [SNOT-22]), nasal symptom score (NSS), endoscopic score (Lund-Kennedy), and clinical outcomes-including oral @entity479 use, frequency of nasal @entity479 irrigation, and infective exacerbations-were collected at baseline and 1 year postsurgery. The presence and extent of @entity4421 was assessed relative to clinical outcome. RESULTS: Fifty-three @entity1 were included (41.5% female, age 47.4    13.8 years), 42.9% of which had radiologic @entity4421 . There was no significant association between the presence or severity of @entity4421 at the time of surgery and SNOT-22, NSS, or endoscopy scores at 12 months postsurgery. However, the presence of @entity4421 was associated with the need for a course of oral @entity479 postsurgery (odds ratio [OR]=4.17; p = 0.026). High tissue @entity1712 could not predict this alone (p = 0.55). There was no significant relationship between @entity4421 and the frequency of @entity479 irrigations or infective exacerbations. CONCLUSION: @entity4421 in @entity102 is associated with the degree of @entity1712 and as a independent process it was associated with the need for a course of systemic @entity228 over a 12-month period, but did it not affect overall disease control.

title: The impact of neo-osteogenesis on disease control in XXXX after primary surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis', 'CRS']

entities_list: @entity4421 :: ('MESH:D010000', 'Disease') :: ['Osteitis', 'osteitis']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis']


abstract: In order to provide efficient utilization of resources in an outpatient setting for acute exacerbation of @entity712 ( @entity712 ), the authors piloted an open-access outpatient intravenous (IV) diuretic program (IVDP) to evaluate utilization in an @entity712 disease management program (HFDMP), @entity1 characteristics for users of the program, and safety. An outpatient HFDMP at Jackson Memorial Hospital in Miami, Florida, enrolling 577 @entity1 18 years and older with an ejection fraction  <=40% was implemented. For symptoms or @entity1017 >= 5 pounds, @entity1 were eligible to use an open-access IVDP during clinic hours. A total of 130 HFDM @entity1 (22.5%) used the IVDP. IVDP users were more likely to be @entity6 , with lower body mass indices than non-IVDP users. New York Heart Association class IV @entity1 and previously hospitalized @entity1 were more likely to use the IVDP. There were no documented adverse reactions for @entity1 receiving treatment and no difference in mortality between groups. This open-access outpatient IVDP model for @entity1 with @entity712 was readily utilized by the HFDMP @entity1 and appears safe for use in this population. This unique model may provide alternative access for acute @entity712 treatment. Congest Heart Fail.

title: Open access to an outpatient intravenous diuresis program in a XXXX disease management program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['systolic heart failure']


abstract: @entity5647 ( @entity9611 ), the first @entity2353 analog approved for the treatment of @entity791 ( @entity791 ), induces significant toxic effects in @entity1 exposed to therapeutic doses. As an inhibitor of the @entity2858 ( @entity2858 ) reverse transcriptase, @entity5647 blocks the incorporation of @entity2036 into the host's newly synthesized DNA. Incorporation of @entity5647 into @entity1 DNA as well as specific localization of the drug into telomeric DNA, has been previously documented by immunohistochemistry. As with other @entity2353 analogs, @entity5647 has affinity for polymerase-gamma, the enzyme responsible for the replication of mitochondrial DNA. In order to examine the mechanisms of toxic events induced by long-term @entity5647 exposure, @entity1 T-lymphocytic H9 cells were cultured with 25 microM @entity5647 for 7 months. In the resulting H9- @entity5647 cells, incorporation of @entity5647 into DNA was demonstrated by radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry, chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei were scored and intracellular lipid distribution was determined. Two pmol of @entity5647 per microgram of DNA were detected by radioimmunoassay in H9- @entity5647 cells. Control cells showed negative values in the radioimmunoassay. Cytogenetic observations on H9- @entity5647 cells showed an increase in chromosomal aberrations and nuclear fragmentation when compared with unexposed H9 cells. Electron microscopy revealed @entity2383 and an elevated accumulation of neutral intracellular lipid deposits probably as a consequence of a distortion in the beta-oxidation of @entity1718 normally carried out by this organelle. The @entity137 explored here suggest that the mechanisms of @entity5647 induced @entity137 in bone marrow of the @entity1 chronically exposed to the drug in vivo may involve both chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA damage.

title: Genotoxicity and XXXX in @entity1 lymphocytic cells chronically exposed to @entity9611 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9611 :: ('MESH:D015215', 'Chemical') :: ["3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine"]

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity2858 :: ('11676', 'Species') :: ['human immunodeficiency virus 1', 'HIV-1']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome', 'AIDS']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial damage']

answer: @entity2383 :: (MESH:D028361,Disease) :: ['mitochondrial damage']


abstract: A modified catheter ablation technique was studied prospectively in 29 @entity1 with @entity2917 reentrant @entity591 . A His bundle electrode catheter was used for mapping and ablation. Cathodic electroshocks (100-250 J) were delivered from the distal two electrodes (connected in common) of the His bundle catheter to the site selected for ablation. The optimal ablation site recorded the earliest retrograde @entity955 , simultaneous or earlier than the QRS complex, with absence of a His bundle deflection during AV nodal reentrant @entity591 . One additional electrical shock was delivered if complete abolition of retrograde VA conduction persisted for more than 30 min and AV nodal reentrant @entity591 was not inducible during @entity3044 and/or @entity3897 administration. With a cumulative energy of 323 +/- 27 J and a mean of 2.3 +/- 0.5 shocks interruption or impairment of retrograde nodal conduction was achieved. Antegrade conduction, although modified, was preserved in 27 @entity1 , with persistence of complete @entity713 in 2 @entity1 . Two of the 27 @entity1 still need antiarrhythmic agents to control @entity591 , the other 25 @entity1 were free of @entity591 within a mean follow-up period of 13 +/- 2 months (range 7 to 20 months). Twenty-three @entity1 received late follow-up electrophysiological studies (3-6 months after the ablation procedures), and the AV nodal function curves were classified into 4 types. The majority of the @entity1 (15/23) had loss of retrograde conduction. Among the 8 @entity1 with prolongation of retrograde conduction, 4 @entity1 still had antegrade dual AV nodal property but all without inducible @entity591 . In conclusion, preferential interruption or impairment of retrograde conduction was the major, but not the sole, mechanism of electrical cure of AV nodal reentrant @entity591 .

title: Reappraisal of electrical cure of @entity2917 reentrant XXXX --lessons from a modified catheter ablation technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular (AV) nodal']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial depolarization']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachycardia']


abstract: @entity7988 (KP) is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). However, an increasing number of case reports suggest that in broad use, KP can cause @entity56 . Most of these adverse effects have been attributed to the photoallergic potential of KP and photosensitivity. With the exception of a few reports in experimental animals, there is little evidence that KP actually causes @entity137 . In this study, in order to investigate the eventual underlying causes of KP @entity137 , we conducted primary @entity146 , skin cumulative, skin sensitization, @entity6337 and photosensitization tests in rodents and @entity95 . Primary @entity146 and skin cumulative testing using New Zealand white @entity95 revealed that application of KP (22, 15 and 10%) did not induce erythema or @entity4 formation. Moreover, in skin sensitization and skin @entity6337 testing, using Hartley albino @entity840 , there was no evidence of @entity56 or phototoxic potential. In the photosensitization test, KP induced skin reactions in six of eight @entity840 with signs of erythema on the application site. Histologically, in photosensitized skin, @entity1373 , including incremental stratum granulosum, @entity3594 , keratinocyte @entity1184 and dermal inflammatory cell infiltration, was observed. In this animal study, no primary @entity146 , cumulative @entity146 or skin @entity6337 was observed with KP treatment. However, we identified photosensitization as the underlying cause of KP @entity137 .

title: XXXX : experimental overview of @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['Ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['dermal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6337 :: ('MESH:D017484', 'Disease') :: ['phototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritation, skin sensitization', 'irritation']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3594 :: ('MESH:D000052', 'Disease') :: ['acanthosis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic dermatitis', 'allergic']

answer: @entity7988 :: (MESH:D007660,Chemical) :: ['Ketoprofen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pelvic oligo-recurrence is common in @entity5 @entity1 , and some could not achieve radical resection. OBJECTIVE: The study was to analyze long-term outcomes and prognostic factors associated with survival in @entity1 treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). METHODS: Study @entity1 were identified from rectal @entity1 with pelvic oligo-recurrence without distant @entity3 , who were not suitable for surgery (n=135). @entity1 were recommended to receive concurrent chemotherapy in the course of IMRT (median dose 64.5 Gy, range: 45-70 Gy). Additionally, 24.4% (33/135) of @entity1 received radical surgery after preoperative radiotherapy. Median time to pelvic failure was 25.4 months (range: 1-144 months). With a median follow-up period of 45.5 months (range: 3-104 months), 5-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and disease-free survival (DFS) were 55.6% and 45.5%, respectively. RESULTS: In univariate survival analysis, @entity1349 stratified by subsites indicated that 5-year @entity1349 for anastomotic recurrence (80.5%) was better than for anterior recurrence (57.7%) and other pelvic oligo-recurrences (44.5%) (P=0.005). Five-year DFS in the three groups was 60.3%, 49% and 36.6%, respectively (P=0.037). In multivariate survival analysis, pelvic oligo-recurrence and symptomatic recurrence patterns were independently associated with @entity1349 in recurrent @entity5 after pelvic radiotherapy (RT). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that RT for @entity5 @entity1 with pelvic oligo-recurrence had favorable prognosis, especially for @entity1 with anastomotic recurrence.

title: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy for pelvic oligo-recurrence from XXXX : long-term results from a single institution.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: The treatment of @entity1790 depends mainly on the type of stone present. Uric acid calculi can be dissolved by oral medication producing alkalinization of the urine. Cystin stones can only rarely be dissolved by oral administration of @entity2361 . The best and least expensive prophylaxis is a high and constant fluid intake of 600 ml every 4 hours. This way the pathologically increased cystin excretion can be kept soluble. @entity460 containing calculi and so-called "infection stones" need surgical intervention. Because of the high recurrence rate of @entity1290 every indication for an operative procedure has to be considered very carefully. For lasting results elimination of @entity1876 is necessary. The treatment of choice of @entity1 with staghorn @entity1608 is surgical, even in the solitary kidney and in geriatric @entity1 . As recent advances in the operative treatment of @entity1790 coagulum pyelolithotomy, intraoperative pyeloscopy, @entity2332 and "bench surgery" (extra-corporeal renal surgery) are reviewed. Attempts to dissolve @entity1290 by percutaneous nephrostomy as well as extraction of pelvic stones by the same procedure are mentioned. Finally, the importance of postoperative prophylaxis and the progress made in the medical treatment of @entity460 stones are pointed out.

title: [Recent advances in the treatment of XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2361 :: ('MESH:D010396', 'Chemical') :: ['D-penicillamine']

entities_list: @entity1608 :: ('MESH:D002137', 'Disease') :: ['calculus disease']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal calculi', 'renal stones']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['urinary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1790 :: (MESH:D053040,Disease) :: ['nephrolithiasis']


abstract: Studies on early life viral @entity1729 and subsequent @entity66 in childhood have conflicting findings. Animal models show that viral @entity1729 in conjunction with allergen presentation can enhance sensitization. This prospective study assesses the influence of an upper @entity1729 (URI) in the first month of life and the season of birth on the development of @entity2023 and ryegrass allergen sensitization in childhood. From a Tasmanian cohort born during 1988 and 1989, a group of 498 @entity1 were followed up at 8 yr and another different group of 415 @entity1 were followed up at 16 yr. The ryegrass pollen season in Tasmania occurs in November and December. Forty-four (9.6%) @entity1 in Follow-up sample 1 and 47 (12.5%) @entity1 in Follow-up sample 2 were born in the pollen season. The parental report of an early upper @entity1729 (EURI) was documented prospectively by a home interview at 1 month of age (median age 5.1 wk). Sensitization to ryegrass and house dust mite (HDM) was determined at 8 yr of age by skin prick testing and at 16 yr by ImmunoCap. Ryegrass sensitized @entity2023 was defined as a positive response to a question on @entity2023 plus the presence of ryegrass @entity566 . For @entity1 tested at age 8 and born in the pollen season, a EURI by postnatal interview was associated with an increased risk of ryegrass sensitization (OR 5.80 95% CI 1.07, 31.31) but not for @entity1 with a EURI born outside the pollen season (OR 0.62 95% CI 0.35, 1.08). Similarly, EURI was significantly associated with early onset (< or = 8 yr) ryegrass sensitized @entity2023 for @entity1 born in the pollen season (AOR 4.78 95% CI 1.17, 19.47) but was not associated with early onset ryegrass sensitized @entity2023 for @entity1 born outside the pollen season (AOR 0.76 95% CI 0.43, 1.33). These findings suggest that early life viral URI interacts with ryegrass allergen exposure in the development of ryegrass allergen sensitization and ryegrass sensitized @entity2023 .

title: The interaction between early life upper XXXX and birth during the pollen season on rye-sensitized @entity2023 and ryegrass sensitization--a birth cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['hay fever symptoms', 'hay fever']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic disease']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infection', 'respiratory infection']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory tract infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This report presents two cases of isolated @entity2419 with asymmetric distribution of postsurgical scar tissue determined by laser Doppler flowmetry. To determine the effect of mucoperiosteal denudation of the bone on maxillary alveolar growth, the analysis of @entity2383 compared the affected side to the unaffected side of each case. METHOD: Two Japanese @entity1 with isolated @entity2419 were examined. Both subjects had undergone pushback operations (a modified version of the procedure of Wardill) for palatal repair at 18 months of age. Palatal blood flow was examined by laser Doppler flowmetry when the @entity1 were 12 years old to determine the extent of postsurgical scar tissue over the denuded bone. To analyze the maxillary @entity2383 three dimensionally, the whole surface of the upper dental cast was measured and recorded by an optical measuring device when the @entity1 were 7 years old. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Analysis via flowmetry showed that the @entity13680 area was limited to the anterior tooth region on the right (unaffected) side but extended posteriorly to the premolar region on the left (affected) side in both subjects. The two @entity1 had similar @entity2383 , with the dental and @entity133 deflected lingually at the deciduous molar area on the affected side. There were no differences in the buccolingual inclination of deciduous molars or in the vertical growth of the alveolar processes between the affected and unaffected sides. In both @entity1 , bone denudation in the premolar region appeared to result in less than 3 mm of displacement of the teeth palatally, with no change in lingual inclination. Any effects of scar tissue on the vertical development of the alveolus were not substantiated.

title: Dentoalveolar growth inhibition induced by bone denudation on palates: a study of two isolated XXXX with asymmetric scar tissue distribution.

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar arches']

entities_list: @entity13680 :: ('MESH:C562950', 'Disease') :: ['palatal scar tissue']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate', 'cleft palates']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['dentoalveolar structures']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['cleft palates']


abstract: @entity10592 ( @entity10592 ) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in immunocompromised @entity1 . There are limited alternative therapeutic choices to @entity206 - @entity207 ( @entity1597 - @entity1598 ) which is the standard first line therapy/prophylaxis for @entity10592 . The efficacy of low doses of @entity11794 and @entity11794 in association with @entity1597 - @entity1598 standard-prophylactic dose was evaluated in an experimental model of @entity19141 . Susceptibility of @entity19141 spp. to low doses of @entity11794 and @entity11794 / @entity1597 - @entity1598 was evaluated in Balb/c immunosuppressed @entity19 , infected intranasally with P. murina. @entity11794 was administered once daily at 0.1 mg/kg, 0.05 mg/kg, and 0.001 mg/kg and @entity1597 - @entity1598 was administered by oral gavage (12.25 mg/62.5 mg/day), for 21 days. Efficacy was calculated based on the reduction in organism burden determined through quantitative fluorescent-based real-time PCR (qPCR). Serum b-1,3-D-glucan was measured as an additional marker of @entity281 . The present data showed that @entity11794 demonstrated anti-Pneumomocystis effect. However, the doses administrated were too low to achieve @entity19141 , which suggests that @entity5637 treatment should not be administrated as mono-therapy. After 21 days of treatment, P. murina was not detected in the lungs of @entity19 with either @entity1597 - @entity1598 or @entity11794 / @entity1597 - @entity1598 . The results showed that, even at the lowest concentrations tested, the efficacy of @entity11794 in association with @entity1597 - @entity1598 was higher than the efficacy of either drug used alone. The administration of @entity11794 / @entity1597 - @entity1598 was at least 1.4 times more effective against P. murina @entity281 than @entity1597 - @entity1598 used alone. The most promising result was achieved with the combination of @entity11794 0.05 mg/kg/day with @entity1597 - @entity1598 12.5 mg-62.5 mg/day, which reduced the parasite burden to undetectable levels immediately at the 14(th) day of treatment, showing a highly marked anti-Pneumomocystis effect. These data suggest that the administration of low doses of @entity11794 in combination with low doses of @entity1597 - @entity1598 may provide an improved treatment protocol for @entity19141 clearance.

title: Therapeutic potential of XXXX combined with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for @entity10592 : a pilot study in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity10592 :: ('MESH:D011020', 'Disease') :: ['PcP', 'Pneumocystis pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5637 :: ('CHEBI:57248', 'Chemical') :: ['echinocandin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity19141 :: ('MESH:D016720', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumocystis infection', 'Pneumocystis', 'Pneumocystis eradication']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['Caspofungin', 'caspofungin']

answer: @entity11794 :: (MESH:C105417,Chemical) :: ['caspofungin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Augmenting and switching antidepressant medications are the 2 most common next-step strategies for @entity308 @entity1 failing initial medication treatment. These approaches have not been directly compared; thus, our objectives are to compare outcomes for medication augmentation versus switching for @entity1 with major @entity308 in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve @entity308 ( @entity624 *D) clinical trial. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of @entity1 aged 18 to 75 years with DSM-IV nonpsychotic @entity308 who failed to remit with initial treatment in the @entity624 *D clinical trial (N = 1292). We compared @entity308 symptom remission, response, and quality of life among @entity1 in each study arm using propensity score matching to minimize selection bias. RESULTS: The propensity-score-matched augment (N = 269) and switch (N = 269) groups were well balanced on measured characteristics. Neither the likelihood of remission (risk ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence level, 0.82-1.58) or response (risk ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence level, 0.82-1.58), nor the time to remission (log-rank test, P = 0.946) or response (log-rank test, P = 0.243) differed by treatment strategy. Similarly, quality of life did not differ. Post hoc analyses suggested that augmentation improved outcomes for @entity1 tolerating 12 or more weeks of initial treatment and those with partial initial treatment response. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 receiving and tolerating aggressive initial antidepressant trials, there is no clear preference for next-step augmentation versus switching. Findings tentatively suggest that those who complete an initial treatment of 12 weeks or more and have a partial response with residual mild @entity308 severity may benefit more from augmentation relative to switching.

title: Treating @entity308 after initial treatment failure: directly comparing switch and augmenting strategies in XXXX *D.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive disorder', 'depressed', 'depression', 'depressive']

answer: @entity624 :: (6770,Gene) :: ['STAR']


abstract: @entity2041 is the major intracellular redox buffer. We have shown that @entity2041 redox status, which is the balance between intracellular reduced ( @entity2197 ) and oxidized ( @entity9492 ) @entity2041 , in antigen-presenting cells (APC) regulates the helper T cell type 1 ( @entity630 )/ @entity61 balance due to the production of IL-12. @entity565 is a typical @entity61 disease. @entity61 cells and @entity61 cytokines are characteristic of @entity565 and trigger off an @entity32 . Accordingly, we studied the effects of the intracellular @entity2041 redox status on airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and allergen-induced @entity32 in a @entity19 model of @entity565 . We used @entity37869 (gamma-GCE), which is a membrane-permeating @entity2197 precursor, to elevate the intracellular @entity2197 level and @entity2197 / @entity9492 ratio of @entity19 . In vitro, @entity37869 pretreatment of @entity1 monocytic THP-1 cells elevated the @entity2197 / @entity9492 ratio and enhanced IL-12( @entity19176 ) production induced by @entity558 . In the @entity19 @entity565 model, intraperitoneal injection of gamma-GCE elevated the @entity2197 / @entity9492 ratio of lung tissue and reduced AHR. gamma-GCE reduced levels of @entity58 , @entity59 , @entity1618 , and the chemokines @entity639 and @entity638 (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, whereas it enhanced the production of IL-12 and @entity60 . Histologically, gamma-GCE suppressed eosinophils infiltration. Interestingly, we also found that gamma-GCE directly inhibited chemokine-induced @entity1712 without affecting @entity639 receptor @entity14450 ( @entity14450 ) expressions. Taken together, these findings suggest that changing @entity2041 redox balance, increase in @entity2197 level, and the @entity2197 / @entity9492 ratio by gamma-GCE, ameliorate @entity565 by altering the @entity630 / @entity61 imbalance through IL-12 production from APC and suppressing chemokine production and eosinophil migration itself.

title: @entity2041 redox regulates airway hyperresponsiveness and @entity32 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity37869 :: ('MESH:C067744', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-GCE', 'gamma-Glutamylcysteinylethyl ester']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophil chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchial asthma', 'asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione', 'Glutathione']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine whether the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and an associated core set are adequate to describe multidisciplinary clinical assessments of @entity1 with @entity85 . The multidisciplinary assessment (medical, psychiatry, nursing, physiotherapy, occupational therapy and psychology) of a @entity1 with @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) was audio-recorded, transcribed and qualitatively examined. Concepts were extracted by two raters using a meaning condensation procedure and linked to the ICF. Descriptive analyses were used to examine the adequacy of the ICF and selection of categories contained in the comprehensive @entity1643 core set. Overall, 1,228 concepts were extracted from the 5 h of assessment data. This included 1,056 (86.0 %) concepts that could be linked to the ICF, 366 (34.7 %) of which were designated as personal factors. Eighty different second-level ICF categories were represented in the multidisciplinary assessment. This included 48 of the 78 (61.5 %) comprehensive @entity1643 core set categories and 32 non-core set categories. In addition, 32 of the 80 assessed categories were considered by three or more disciplines during their assessment. The ICF was found to adequately cover the concepts extracted from this @entity1 's assessment. This study demonstrates that clinical assessments of @entity85 can be mapped to the overall ICF framework by applying the ICF linking rules. However, it also questions the content validity and clinical utility of the current comprehensive @entity1643 core set and highlights the need for further research prior to widespread application of the tool in clinical practice.

title: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) can be used to describe multidisciplinary clinical assessments of XXXX with @entity85 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'LBP']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['chronic musculoskeletal conditions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Over 2 million couples in the United States are infertile. The literature reflects a number of potential lifestyle risks that have been associated with the development of this condition; however, few studies have investigated these risks concurrently. With knowledge of the importance of behavioral threats to fertility, @entity1 's health care providers will be in a better position to screen and assist @entity1 to modify their fertility risks. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were (1) to identify lifestyle factors associated with @entity249 in @entity1 by comparing a sample of infertile @entity1 with a group of fertile @entity1 and (2) to offer recommendations to @entity1 's health providers, on counseling @entity1 at risk for @entity249 . METHODS: A re-examination of the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) allowed for the investigation of lifestyle factors associated with @entity249 in @entity1 . Using a conceptual model of health behavior to guide the selection of variables, together with multiple logistic regression techniques, an explanatory model of @entity249 was estimated on a sample of 824 @entity1 between the ages of 16 and 45 years. RESULTS: Factors directly related to @entity249 included increasing age, a history of an ectopic pregnancy, current smoking, @entity28 , and self reported health status. Protective effects were associated with a history of condom use and having had a Pap smear in the last year. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Routine well- @entity1 visits offer an excellent opportunity to begin to address the impact of selected risk factors for @entity249 . Clinicians can utilize these visits to target appropriate interventions for initiating, repeating, and reinforcing messages on fertility risk.

title: The impact of lifestyle risk factors on female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a case of @entity4816 , @entity38599 , and @entity2479 (IRVAN). syndrome in a young female. CASE REPORT: A 21-year-old @entity1 presented with unilateral visual acuity (VA) loss. Ophthalmological examination disclosed unilateral @entity1781 swelling, star-shaped macular exudation, @entity439 surrounded by perivascular exudation, @entity4816 , and mild vitreous reaction. The left eye examination was entirely normal. Clinical and paraclinical findings were compatible with IRVAN syndrome criteria. The @entity1 was treated with a short course of oral @entity479 , a trans-septal @entity2995 injection, selective laser photocoagulation in peripheral non-perfusion areas, and intravitreal bevacizumab. In spite of primary good response, after each treatment cessation, VA dropped with increasing central macular thickness (CMT), but response to intravitreal @entity2713 (4  mg/0.1  cc) was permanent and good. CONCLUSION: IRVAN syndrome can have unilateral presentation. All treatment options were temporary except intravitreal @entity479 injection in our case. The effect of @entity479 in IRVAN will need further evaluation.

title: Unilateral idiopathic XXXX , @entity439 , and @entity2479 (IRVAN) in a young female.

entities_list: @entity38599 :: ('MESH:C567088', 'Disease') :: ['arteriolar macroaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['neuroretinitis']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic disc']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['multiple aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity4816 :: ('MESH:D031300', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vasculitis', 'Idiopathic retinal vasculitis']

answer: @entity4816 :: (MESH:D031300,Disease) :: ['retinal vasculitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic value of @entity7990 (MIBG) scintigraphy compared with computed tomography (CT) for the localization of phaeochromocytomas in clinical practice. DESIGN: Retrospective comparison between MIBG scintigrams and CT for localization of phaeochromocytomas in all @entity1 successively examined with MIBG scintigraphy in Malm   from 1984 until January 1997. SETTING: Malm   University Hospital, Sweden. SUBJECTS: Sixty-four @entity1 with clinically suspected phaeochromocytomas. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: MIBG scintigrams and CTs classified as positive or negative based on original interpretations (primary evaluation) and in a secondary evaluation by one blinded examiner are assessed through histological confirmation or clinical rule out of phaeochromocytomas. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 had surgically removed phaeochromocytomas. The remaining 39 @entity1 had no proof of phaeochromocytomas. In the secondary evaluation, sensitivity for MIBG scintigraphy was 88% (22/25) and for CT was 100% (25/25). The specificity for MIBG scintigraphy was 89% (35/39) but only 50% for CT (18/36). Two out of a @entity5 were amongst the false-negative MIBG scintigrams. CONCLUSIONS: MIBG scintigraphy for the localization of phaeochromocytomas is superior to CT as far as specificity, whereas CT has a higher sensitivity. After biochemical diagnosis, CT will detect most phaeochromocytomas. MIBG scintigraphy can be of value in @entity1 who show inconclusive results with biochemical testing and CT.

title: @entity7990 ( XXXX ) scintigraphy and computed tomography (CT) in clinical practice. Primary and secondary evaluation for localization of phaeochromocytomas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7990 :: ('MESH:D019797', 'Chemical') :: ['metaiodobenzylguanidine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['total of six extra-adrenal tumours']

answer: @entity7990 :: (MESH:D019797,Chemical) :: ['MIBG']


abstract: PURPOSE: The restoration of shoulder function is a major issue in @entity5300 . Although several tendon and nerve transfers have been described, shoulder arthrodesis remains a reliable technique in this context. This study planned to compare surgical and functional outcomes of 2 glenohumeral arthrodesis bone graft techniques: massive subacromial corticocancellous versus cancellous only grafts. METHODS: We reviewed 54 @entity1 who had shoulder arthrodesis according to 2 parameters after a mean follow-up of 37 months. The primary outcome measure was the rate of fusion according to the surgical technique. A total of 26 @entity1 received a massive subacromial corticocancellous bone autograft, and 28 @entity1 received only cancellous bone. The secondary outcome measure was the range of scapulothoracic motion measured by a video-assisted method according to type of @entity16 . @entity5300 was complete in 32 cases and partial in 22 cases. All @entity1 had recovered active elbow flexion before undergoing shoulder arthrodesis. Of the 54 @entity1 , 48 had no postoperative immobilization. RESULTS: The overall fusion rate was 76% after the first surgical procedure and 94% at last follow-up. Reoperation led to fusion in 10 cases, whereas 3 cases never fused. @entity1516 rate after first surgery was 4% in the group with massive subacromial graft versus 43% in the group with cancellous bone graft. The mean range of motion was 59   in abduction (57   for complete palsy and 62   for partial palsy) with 42 cases 45   or greater. The mean range of motion was 48   in rotation (50   for complete palsy and 46   for partial palsy) with 35 cases 45   or greater. CONCLUSIONS: Shoulder fusion provided active abduction greater than 45   in more than 75% of cases and active rotation greater than 45   in almost 65% of cases. Using a massive subacromial graft significantly reduced @entity1516 rate (P < .001). TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic III.

title: Functional outcome of glenohumeral fusion in XXXX : a report of 54 cases.

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['Brachial plexus palsy', 'brachial plexus palsy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological lesion']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudarthrosis', 'pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity5300 :: (MESH:D020516,Disease) :: ['brachial plexus palsy']


abstract: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) describes the condition of a disparate group of families that have in common a predisposition to @entity14 in the absence of a premalignant phenotype. The genetic basis of this disease has been linked to mutations in genes associated with DNA mismatch repair. A large proportion of families harbor changes in one of two genes, @entity4311 and @entity6756 . Approximately 35% of families in which the diagnosis is based on the Amsterdam criteria do not appear to harbor mutations in DNA-mismatch-repair genes. In this report we present data from a large series of families with @entity14 and indicate that there are subtle differences between families that harbor germline changes in @entity4311 and families that harbor @entity6756 mutations. Furthermore, there are differences between the mutation-positive group ( @entity4311 and @entity6756 combined) of families and the mutation-negative group of families. The major findings identified in this study focus primarily on the extracolonic disease profile observed between the mutation-positive families and the mutation-negative families. @entity0 was not significantly overrepresented in the @entity4311 mutation-positive group but was overrepresented in the @entity6756 mutation-positive group and in the mutation-negative group. @entity263 was not overrepresented in the mutation-positive groups but was overrepresented in the mutation-negative group. In age at diagnosis of @entity14 , there was no difference between the @entity4311 mutation-positive group and the @entity6756 mutation-positive group, but there was a significant difference between these two groups and the mutation-negative group.

title: XXXX in 95 families: differences and similarities between mutation-positive and mutation-negative kindreds.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['HNPCC', 'Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cell-based therapies are becoming a valuable tool to treat @entity571 ( @entity571 ). This study investigated and compared the regenerative potential of Bone Marrow Concentrate (BMC) and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC), both engineered with Hyaff  -11 ( @entity2474 ) for @entity571 treatment in a @entity742 model. METHODS: @entity571 was induced via unilateral medial meniscectomy. Bone marrow was aspirated from the iliac crest, followed by concentration processes or cell isolation and expansion to obtain BMC and MSC respectively. Treatments consisted of autologous BMC and MSC seeded onto @entity2474 . The regenerative potential on bone, cartilage, menisci and synovia was monitored using macroscopy, histology, immunohistochemistry and micro-computed tomography, at 12 weeks post-op. Data were analyzed using the General Linear Model with adjusted Sidak's multiple comparison and Spearman tests. RESULTS: BMC- @entity2474 treatment showed a greater repair ability in inhibiting @entity571 progression compared to MSC- @entity2474 , leading to a @entity32 in cartilage, meniscus and synovium. Indeed, the @entity32 positively contributed to counteract the progression of fibrotic and @entity1184 processes, known to be involved in tissue failure. Moreover, the treatment with BMC- @entity2474 showed the best results in allowing meniscus regeneration. Minor healing effects were noticed at bone level for both cell strategies, however a down-regulation of Cross-sectional Subchondral Bone Thickness (Cs.Th) was found in both cell-treatments compared to @entity571 group in femur. CONCLUSION: The transplantation of BMC- @entity2474 provided the best effects in supporting regenerative processes in cartilage,meniscus and synovium and at less extent in bone. On the whole, both MSC and BMC combined with @entity2474 reduced @entity32 and contributed to switch-off fibrotic and @entity1184 processes. The observed regenerative potential by BMC- @entity2474 on meniscus could open new perspectives suggesting its use not only for @entity571 care but also for the treatment of @entity75 , even if further analyses are necessary to confirm its healing potential at long-term follow-up.

title: Autologous bone marrow concentrate in a XXXX model of @entity571 : new perspectives for cartilage and meniscus repair.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'reduction of inflammation', 'decrease of inflammation']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal lesions']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3667 (L.) tropica is the causative agent of anthroponotic cutaneous @entity232 (ACL) in Iran. The disease often heals within a year; however, the non-healing forms of disease are also known. The immunologic responses to @entity3667 @entity281 have been studied in depth, however little is known about the immune status of L. @entity281 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted to evaluate T-cell responses to @entity3667 antigen in non-healing @entity1 , @entity1 with @entity697 , and healthy donors. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured with antigen and lymphoproliferative responses were determined. Cytokine profile including @entity379 ), @entity225 , and @entity4047 in supernatants of stimulated cells was also determined. RESULTS: The results showed PBMC from both groups of @entity1 proliferated vigorously in response to @entity3667 antigens. The levels of @entity379 and @entity4047 were comparable between @entity1 with acute lesions and non-healing @entity1 . Non-healing @entity1 had significantly higher median levels of @entity225 than @entity1 with acute lesions. The cells from healthy individuals did not respond to @entity3667 antigens. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of @entity379 , @entity225 , and @entity4047 in non-healing @entity1 suggest a mixed @entity1198 /Th2 response, whereas @entity1 with @entity697 respond to @entity281 by @entity1198 -type response.

title: Immune response to XXXX antigen in anthroponotic cutaneous @entity232 .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute lesion']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity3667 :: ('5664', 'Species') :: ['L. major', 'Leishmania']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'tropica-infected']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'gamma interferon (IFN-gamma']

answer: @entity3667 :: (5664,Species) :: ['Leishmania']


abstract: Although some researchers have suggested that intrusions in word list learning are more frequent in @entity195 , recent studies have shown that this might not be true. In fact, intrusions are common in many @entity179 . The goal of the present study was to examine the types of intrusions made by three groups of @entity1 , namely @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ), @entity195 ( @entity195 ), and @entity303 with @entity75 ( @entity10751 ). Although @entity191 @entity1 learned more words (trials 1 to 5 on the RAVLT) than the two other groups, there was no significant difference in the total number of intrusions. However, significant differences between groups were observed for nonrelated intrusions, the proportion of @entity191 @entity1 (15.4%) being lower than the proportion of @entity195 (45.5%) and @entity10751 (45.8%) @entity1 with this type of intrusions. No other type of intrusions (same category, recurring, phonemic) significantly differentiated between the three groups. The proactive interference effect (PI), measured as the difference between first recall of list A and list B recall, was stronger in @entity191 than in the two other groups, reflecting the strong positive correlation between total number of words recalled on the RAVLT and severity of the PI effect. Prior list intrusions (intrusions from list A while recalling list B items) were significantly more pronounced in @entity10751 than in the two other groups. Finally, free associations (series of intrusions related to one another but not to the target items) were observed almost exclusively in @entity10751 @entity1 . These findings illustrate some qualitative differences between various @entity179 . They also stress the marked similarities between @entity195 and @entity10751 with regards to verbal learning.

title: Pattern of intrusions in verbal recall: comparison of @entity195 , XXXX , and frontal lobe @entity303 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['prominent frontal lobe semiology']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurological degenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: We conducted a retrospective investigation of 20 cases of @entity358 discovered by chest radiographic screening in Nagasaki Prefecture among 2,011,577 @entity1 over a period of 9 years, @entity1488 . 1989-Mar. 1998. Eight males and 12 females between 15 and 72 years of age(mean: 46.6 years) were diagnosed as having @entity358 . The mean detectability of @entity358 by screening was 0.99 per 10(5) @entity1 : 1.30 for residents, 0.51 for school @entity1 and 0.80 for workers. Chest radiography showed shadows of solitary nodules in 9 @entity1 , multiple nodules in 4, infiltration in 4 and others in 3. Cavities were noted in 7. However, it was difficult to distinguish between @entity358 from @entity1907 and @entity2 based on radiographic data alone. Final diagnoses for 11 and 3 @entity1 , respectively, were made using TBLB or BAL, and lung biopsy. Sixteen @entity1 each underwent an Eiken-Latex agglutination test (serum cryptococcus antigen test) and 15 (93.8%) had positive results. The serum antigen level thus appears to be a useful indicator in the supplementary serological diagnosis of @entity358 .

title: [Study on XXXX disclosed by chest radiographic screening in Nagasaki Prefecture].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary cryptococcosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary cryptococcosis']


abstract: Primary B cell @entity706 has been recognized as a distinct entity recently. This is a retrospective study to define the clinical features and treatment outcome over a 10-year period. Twenty-four consecutive @entity1 (male/female: 11/13) with @entity1892 primarily involving the mediastinum were studied. The median age was 34 years. Symptoms were mainly referrable to the chest, with @entity4264 ( @entity4264 ) present in one-third of the @entity1 . @entity66 was present in over half (58 per cent) and B symptoms were present in 38 per cent of @entity1 . The overall CR rate was 70 per cent and the 5-year OS rates were 56 per cent and 72 per cent for all and CR @entity1 respectively. Five (71 per cent) primary refractory @entity1 and four (66 per cent) relapsed @entity1 died despite salvage therapy. Six relapses occurred at a median of 6 months from treatment. This study showed that primary large B cell @entity706 is a clinically distinct entity affecting young @entity1 . A significant proportion attained CR and overall, more than half achieved prolonged remission, and most of the relapses occurred early. However, those who failed to attain CR or relapsed still had a poor outcome. An intensive therapy such as autologous bone marrow transplant has to be considered in this subgroup of @entity1 .

title: Primary B cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4264 :: ('MESH:D013479', 'Disease') :: ['superior vena cava syndrome', 'SVCO']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Bulky disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinal lymphoma', 'lymphoma of the mediastinum']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma of the mediastinum']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to summarize the prostate brachytherapy literature and provide a comparative analysis of brachytherapy, radical prostatectomy, and external-beam radiation therapy outcomes for early-stage @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Published literature on brachytherapy, radical prostatectomy, and external-beam radiation therapy for clinically localized @entity189 ofthe prostate gland was reviewed. In addition, MEDLINE searches were performed to ensure completeness of the knowledge base. RESULTS: For @entity1 with low-risk features, the biochemical results of prostate brachytherapy are as favorable as the most positive radical prostatectomy and external-beam radiation therapy series. In most studies, @entity1 with intermediate- and high-risk disease have more durable biochemical outcomes when treated with brachytherapy (with or without external-beam radiation therapy). Long-term urinary morbidity is primarily restricted to @entity1 with a history of transurethral resection. Significant @entity29 is uncommon. Although @entity323 occurs in approximately 50% of @entity1 at 5 years, 80% respond favorably to @entity7855 . Multiple postoperative dosimetric studies supported the ability of brachytherapists to adequately encompass the target volume. Compared with radical prostatectomy and external-beam radiation therapy, the total cost of prostate brachytherapy is 20% less. CONCLUSIONS: With prostate-specific antigen-based follow-up as long as 10 years, the results of prostate brachytherapy for low-risk @entity1 are as favorable as the most positive radical prostatectomy and external-beam radiation therapy series. In most reports, intermediate- and high-risk @entity1 have more durable biochemical outcomes when managed by brachytherapy approach (with or without external-beam radiation therapy). Serious complications following brachytherapy are relatively rare.

title: Is brachytherapy comparable with radical prostatectomy and external-beam radiation for clinically localized XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the prostate gland']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The mucosa of the inferior turbinate was studied using rhinostereometry and micromanipulator-guided laser Doppler flowmetry in 10 healthy volunteers. First, spontaneous fluctuations were studied measuring @entity384 and multiple microcirculatory parameters simultaneously every 2 minutes. The subjects were then challenged with @entity11027 using the same measuring technique studying the effects of the challenge during 12 minutes. There were spontaneous variations in @entity384 of up to 2.1 mm and variations in perfusion from 38% to 175% of average. There was no correlation between @entity384 in itself, or change in @entity384 , to perfusion or any other microcirculatory parameter. After challenge with @entity11027 there was a rapid decrease in perfusion at 3 minutes after which there were no significant changes. The @entity384 decreased gradually throughout the procedure. Because @entity384 reflects the filling of the venous sinusoids and the flowmetry the state of the superficial vessels, we conclude that there are spontaneous short-term fluctuations in the sympathetic tone with independent actions on the different vessels. After challenge with a sympathomimetic drug, there was a decrease in both swelling and flow, but not synchronized. The combination of rhinostereometry and micromanipulator-guided laser Doppler flowmetry is a useful tool to study the dynamics of intranasal challenge reactions.

title: Studies of spontaneous fluctuations in congestion and nasal mucosal microcirculation and the effects of XXXX using rhinostereometry and micromanipulator guided laser Doppler flowmetry.

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['congestion']

entities_list: @entity11027 :: ('MESH:D010109', 'Chemical') :: ['oxymetazoline']

answer: @entity11027 :: (MESH:D010109,Chemical) :: ['oxymetazoline']


abstract: The optimal therapy for locally advanced, unresectable, stage III @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) continues to evolve. The critical determinants of overall survival include @entity5 control and the eradication of subclinical micrometastatic disease. Historically, standard radiation therapy resulted in a median survival of 7 to 10 months. In a randomized trial, the @entity5 and @entity1778 Group B (CALGB) established the superiority of induction @entity900 ( @entity900 ) and @entity5713 chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy. Additional studies revealed that induction chemotherapy improved survival rates by decreasing metastatic disease progression. Three independent meta-analyses confirmed the survival benefit afforded by @entity900 -based induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy, and helped to establish this as the new standard of care. Other investigators have demonstrated improvements in @entity5 control and survival with either concurrent chemoradiotherapy or hyperfractionated radiotherapy. Most recently, attention has focused on radiation dose intensity and the utilization of newer, highly active chemotherapeutic agents with concurrent or sequential radiation therapy. These newer drugs, including @entity1311 ( @entity1311 ), @entity1205 (Taxotere), @entity136 (Gemzar), @entity1206 ( @entity1206 ), and @entity2600 (Camptosar), enhance radiation @entity137 and, when administered in systemically active dosages, may also control micrometastatic disease. Phase I and II studies of novel chemoradiation regimens continue to demonstrate encouraging results, and several large randomized clinical trials are currently enrolling @entity1 .

title: Chemoradiation for locally advanced, unresectable XXXX . New standard of care, emerging strategies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Platinol']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Taxol']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine', 'Navelbine']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: Our objective was to study the direct action of @entity7438 ( @entity7438 ) agonist @entity7458 and @entity7438 antagonist Cetrorelix ( @entity31806 ) on cell proliferation and differentiation in the @entity35 ovarian follicle. Preovulatory follicles were isolated from PMSG-primed immature @entity35 and incubated in the presence or absence of hCG (10 IU/ml), @entity7458 (10(-9)-10(-6) M) or @entity31806 (10(-9)-10(-6) M) for 12 h in vitro. @entity7458 induced meiotic maturation of the follicle-enclosed oocytes dose-dependently. The percentage of oocytes with germinal vesicle breakdown at 10(-6) M @entity7458 (73.3%) did not differ from that of hCG-treated control (73.3%). @entity7458 also significantly stimulated @entity1421 and @entity1420 production by follicles, but not @entity53 production. Granulosa cells were obtained from the preovulatory follicles and cultured for 5 days. @entity8160 ( @entity8160 ) stimulated granulosa cell growth at concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 ng/ml. In contrast, both @entity7458 and Cetrorelix inhibited granulosa cell growth dose-dependently in the range of 10(-10)-10(-5) M, with Cetrorelix inducing a greater growth inhibition than @entity7458 . Electrophoretic analysis of genomic DNA extracted from granulosa cells treated with 10(-6) M concentration of either @entity7438 analog revealed a definitive ladder pattern of oligonucleosomal length DNA fragments characteristic of apoptosis. Western blotting detected that @entity8160 -induced @entity669 phosphorylation was not affected by either analog. These results demonstrate that @entity7438 agonist and antagonist inhibit directly proliferation of granulosa cells through apoptosis, without interference with @entity8160 receptor phosphorylation, whereas @entity7438 agonist stimulates cell differentiation in the preovulatory follicle.

title: Effect of @entity7438 analogs on the XXXX ovarian follicle development.

entities_list: @entity8160 :: ('25313(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['EGF', 'Epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity7458 :: ('MESH:D002064', 'Chemical') :: ['buserelin', 'Buserelin']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity7438 :: ('25194(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone', 'LHRH']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ) is the most common @entity2720 of childhood. @entity66 affect school attendance to varying degrees. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ) on Moroccan @entity1 's schooling. METHODS: Thirty-three @entity1 with @entity4932 were included in this study, having been previously diagnosed according to the classification criteria of the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR). Seventy-four healthy @entity1 were recruited to serve as controls. Data was obtained for all @entity1 on their school level, educational performance, and attendance. The rate of absenteeism due to health complications was noted. RESULTS: All healthy @entity1 were able to attend school (p<0.0001), while 33% of @entity1 with @entity4932 were unable to attend school due to their condition. The students with @entity4932 who were able to attend school were absent much more often than controls (63% compared to 20%), with a highly significant p value (p<0.0001). Slightly less than half of the @entity4932 @entity1 (48.5%) failed in their schooling. In univariate analysis, there was an association between absenteeism and tender joints (p=0.02), disease activity score (DAS28) (p=0.007), @entity283 ( @entity283 ) (p=0.01), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (p=0.03). In multivariate analysis, the only association persisted between DAS28 and absenteeism. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggested that the schooling of @entity1 with @entity4932 was negatively impacted due to the disorder. More studies, with a larger sample of @entity1 , are needed to confirm our findings.

title: Impact of XXXX on schooling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Different diseases']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire', 'CHAQ']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'Juvenile idiopathic arthritis', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']


abstract: It is well known that myocardial responsiveness to @entity2661 declines with age besides the elevation of plasma @entity2922 concentration. Moreover, age-related alterations in beta-adrenergic receptor- @entity1920 cyclase system are thought to be a mechanism of the decreased responsiveness. In this study, using @entity35 @entity35 myocardium (3, 26, 52, 104 weeks old), alterations in beta-adrenergic receptor (Rs), stimulatory @entity6370 -binding protein (Gs), inhibitory @entity6370 -binding protein (Gi), and catalytic unit of @entity1920 cyclase system (C) were investigated. All components consisting the system altered with development and aging: 1) The density of Rs (Bmax) decreased with development. On the other hand, the dissociation constant of Rs (Kd) to @entity18013 did not change. 2) @entity1928 -stimulated activity of C decreased significantly between 3 and 26, between 52 and 104 weeks old. 3) Activity of Gs decreased with development, and did not with aging. In addition, @entity214 -PAGE and autoradiography revealed that the major alpha-subunits of Gs @entity857 -ribosylated by cholera toxin changed from peptides of Mr = 45,000 and 47,000 to peptide of Mr = 52,000 with aging. 4) The function of G1 declined with aging. And it was confirmed in this study that function of G1 declined with aging. And it was confirmed in this study that alpha-subunit of Gi @entity857 -ribosylated by IAP (islet-activating protein) decreased with development and aging.

title: [Development- and age-related alterations of beta-adrenergic receptor-- XXXX cyclase system in @entity35 myocardium].

entities_list: @entity6370 :: ('CHEBI:61292', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity18013 :: ('MESH:D020120', 'Chemical') :: ['Iodocyanopindolol']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylate']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['Forskolin']

answer: @entity1920 :: (CHEBI:16027,Chemical) :: ['adenylate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Failure of remyelination is a critical impediment to recovery in @entity15 ( @entity15 ). Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) have been reported to accumulate in @entity15 , and we thus examined the functional roles of CSPGs on oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), oligodendrocytes, and remyelination. METHODS: We evaluated the expression of CSPGs in lysolecithin-injected @entity19 spinal cord, an animal model of @entity17 and spontaneous remyelination. The functional impact of CSPGs on OPCs and remyelination was investigated using cultured adult @entity19 and @entity1 OPCs and by treating demyelinated @entity19 with @entity17604 to reduce the CSPG deposition that occurred following injury. RESULTS: Early and robust upregulation of CSPGs following lysolecithin-induced @entity17 was cleared during remyelination. In culture, CSPGs anchored onto the substratum reduced the adhesion of @entity19 and @entity1 OPCs and their subsequent morphological differentiation into process-bearing oligodendrocytes. Soluble CSPGs added to already adherent OPCs reduced the development of processes, whereas the acquisition of mature myelin proteins was unimpeded. Stripe assays of alternating CSPG and control substrata confirmed the nonpermissive nature of CSPGs for OPC adhesion and morphological differentiation. Enzymatic degradation of CSPGs with chondroitinase ABC was sufficient to overcome CSPG-dependent inhibition of @entity1 oligodendrocytes. Finally, in vivo @entity17604 treatment to reduce CSPG synthesis in lysolecithin-demyelinated @entity19 increased numbers of OPCs and oligodendrocytes in lesions, and culminated in improved remyelination. INTERPRETATION: These results identify CSPGs as a nonpermissive substrate for OPCs and oligodendrocytes, and as a prominent impediment to remyelination. The data suggest the requirement for the neutralization of CSPGs for repair after @entity17 .

title: Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in XXXX impair remyelination.

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity17604 :: ('CHEBI:27350', 'Chemical') :: ['xyloside']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis', 'MS lesions']

answer: @entity17 :: (MESH:D003711,Disease) :: ['demyelinated lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Reports on the racial and ethnic differences in dialysis @entity1 survival rates have been inconsistent. The literature suggests that these survival differences may be modified by age as well as categorizing white race as inclusive of Hispanic ethnicity. The goal of this study was to better understand these associations by examining survival among US dialysis @entity1 by age, ethnicity, and race. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: Between 1995 and 2009, 1,282,201 incident dialysis @entity1 ages 18 years or older were identified in the United States Renal Data System. Dialysis survival was compared among @entity7864 , @entity62 , and Hispanics overall and stratified by seven age groups. RESULTS: The median duration of follow-up was 22.3 months. Compared with @entity62 , a lower mortality risk was seen in Hispanics in all age groups. Consequently, when Hispanic @entity1 were excluded from the white race, the mortality rates in white race all increased. Using @entity62 as the reference, a significantly lower mortality risk for @entity7864 was consistently observed in all age groups above 30 years (unadjusted hazard ratios ranged from 0.70 to 0.87; all P<0.001). In the 18- to 30-years age group, there remained an increased mortality risk in blacks versus @entity62 after adjustment for case mix (adjusted hazard ratio=1.19, 95% confidence interval=1.13-1.25). CONCLUSIONS: The mortality risk was lowest in Hispanics, intermediate in @entity7864 , and highest in @entity62 . This pattern generally holds in all age groups except for the 18- to 30-years group, where the adjusted mortality rate for @entity7864 exceeds the adjusted mortality rate of @entity62 .

title: The relationship of age, race, and ethnicity with survival in dialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hispanic whites']

entities_list: @entity7864 :: ('MESH:D055008', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hispanic blacks']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity172 cause @entity9744 in susceptible @entity1 during pregnancy, after administration of oral contraceptives, or during postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. @entity23588 (EE) is a synthetic @entity172 widely used to cause experimental @entity1448 in rodents with the aim of examining molecular mechanisms involved in this disease. EE actions on the liver are thought to be mediated by @entity172 receptor alpha ( @entity7605 ) and pituitary hormones. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing metabolic changes induced by EE in livers from hypophysectomized (HYPOX) and @entity1375 @entity35 . Microarray studies revealed that the number of genes regulated by EE was increased almost 4-fold in HYPOX @entity35 livers compared with intact males. Little overlap was apparent between the effects of EE in intact and HYPOX @entity35 , demonstrating that pituitary hormones play a critical role in the hepatic effects of EE. Consistently, hypophysectomy protects the liver against induction by EE of serum @entity648 and alkaline phosphatase, two markers of @entity1448 and hepatotoxicity and modulates the effects of EE on several genes involved in @entity6741 homeostasis (e.g., @entity42818 , @entity43901 , @entity30167 , and @entity43902 ). Finally, we demonstrate a novel mechanism of action of EE through binding and negative regulation of glucocorticoid receptor-mediated transcription. In summary, pituitary- and @entity7605 -independent mechanisms contribute to development of EE-induced changes in liver transcriptome. Such mechanisms may be relevant when this model of EE-induced @entity1448 is evaluated. The observation that the pharmacological effects of @entity172 in liver differ in the absence or presence of the pituitary could be clinically relevant, because different drugs that block actions of pituitary hormones are now available.

title: Role of pituitary hormones on XXXX -induced @entity1448 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogens']

entities_list: @entity23588 :: ('CHEBI:4903', 'Chemical') :: ['17alpha-Ethinylestradiol']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity9744 :: ('MESH:D002780', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholestasis']

answer: @entity23588 :: (CHEBI:4903,Chemical) :: ['17alpha-ethinylestradiol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2737 after abdominal surgery are still frequent types of @entity580 . Suture materials might serve as a vehicle for mechanical transport of bacteria into the surgical wound. To prevent the contamination of suture material in surgical wounds, @entity14789 -coated suture materials with antibacterial activity was developed. We here report a prospective randomized pathway controlled trial investigating the effect of @entity14789 impregnation of @entity16265 sutures used for abdominal wall closure on the rate of surgical-site @entity281 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 856 @entity1 included in this trial underwent a standardized clinical pathway documented abdominal wall closure after abdominal surgery. @entity1 were randomized to have the fascia closed with either a 2-0 polydioxanone loop or a @entity14789 impregnated 2-0 polydioxanone loop. The primary outcome was the number of wound @entity281 . Risk factors for poor wound healing were collected prospectively to compare the two groups. RESULTS: When a @entity1480 loop suture for abdominal wall closure was used, 42 (11.3%) @entity1 with wound @entity281 were detected. The number of @entity1 with wound @entity281 decreased significantly to 31 when the @entity1480 plus for abdominal wall closure was used (6.4%, P < .05). Other risk factors for the development of side @entity281 were comparably in the two groups. CONCLUSION: This clinical pathway facilitated trial shows that @entity14789 impregnation of a 2-0 polydioxanone closing suture can decrease wound @entity281 in @entity1 having a laparotomy for general and abdominal vascular procedures.

title: @entity281 after abdominal wall closure with XXXX -impregnated polydioxanone sutures: results of a randomized clinical pathway facilitated trial (NCT00998907).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity14789 :: ('MESH:D014260', 'Chemical') :: ['triclosan']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Wound infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity16265 :: ('CHEBI:61607', 'Chemical') :: ['polydioxanone']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

answer: @entity14789 :: (MESH:D014260,Chemical) :: ['triclosan']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES AND @entity1 : @entity120 ( @entity120 ) is common in @entity1030 and may predict mortality in this disorder. We have compared the pulmonary vasodilator effects, dose-response characteristics, and tolerability of two @entity460 channel blockers, @entity3591 and extended-release (ER) @entity10202 , in 10 @entity1 (seven @entity1 , age 68+/-4.8 [SD] years) with clinically stable @entity1030 and @entity120 . DESIGN: Drugs were given in equal single daily oral doses (2.5, 5, and 10 mg), increasing weekly for 3 weeks, in a randomized investigator-blinded crossover manner with a 1-week wash-out period between the two treatments. MEASUREMENTS: Doppler measurements of pulmonary hemodynamics were made on the seventh day of treatment at each drug dose. Lung function, arterial blood gases, and adverse events were also monitored weekly. RESULTS: A dose-dependent @entity551 (PAP) was observed with each drug. A dose of 2.5 mg produced a significant decrease in PAP compared with baseline (20% @entity3591 , 17% @entity10202 ER). Additional decreases in PAP were observed at 5 mg and 10 mg that were similar for both drugs, but did not reach statistical significance compared with 2.5 mg. There was a dose-related decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance and increase in @entity26 delivery with @entity3591 and @entity10202 ER. Lung function and blood gas values were stable throughout. Side effects ( @entity10 and @entity4 ) were less frequent during @entity3591 treatment (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity3591 and @entity10202 ER, given as a single daily oral dose of > or = 2.5 mg, are effective pulmonary vasodilators in @entity1030 @entity1 with @entity120 . Their dose-response characteristics are similar, but @entity3591 treatment was associated with fewer side effects.

title: A comparison of two long-acting vasoselective @entity460 antagonists in @entity120 secondary to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity10202 :: ('MESH:D015736', 'Chemical') :: ['felodipine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['ankle edema']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary hypertension', 'PH']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decline of pulmonary artery pressure']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: The biodistribution and safety of adenoviral vectors encoding the @entity1 @entity5977 @entity5 suppressor gene (Ad- @entity5977 ) were examined in this preclinical study for in situ @entity263 gene therapy. First, the in vitro apoptotic effects of Ad- @entity5977 in normal and @entity5 cells derived from the prostate and liver were examined. Significant apoptotic effects were observed at 100 MOI (multiplicity of infection) in @entity263 cells (LNCaP, @entity10642 ) and @entity157 cells (HEP3B and HEPG2); however, no effects were seen in normal cells. To analyze the safety of intraprostatic Ad- @entity5977 administration, the biodistribution and histology after Ad- @entity5977 injection were evaluated in various organs of normal male C57BL6 @entity19 . In a supporting study, vector dissemination following intravenous injection of Ad- @entity5977 into tail veins was determined. To evaluate whether Ad- @entity5977 was present in the collected tissue specimens, @entity1 @entity5977 gene detection was performed using DNA-PCR. Intraprostatic treatment administered at lower doses showed vector biodistribution into the colon, urinary bladder and prostate. At higher doses, vector dissemination was observed in tissues more distant from the prostate, including the lung, thymus, heart, liver and adrenal gland. After intravenous injection of Ad- @entity5977 , dissemination was observed in the liver and spleen. These results indicate that the biodistribution of Ad- @entity5977 is determined by the dose and route of administration. Although acute inflammatory effects were observed in the prostate after intraprostatic administration at higher doses, no abnormal histological findings were noted in the other tissues, including those of intravenously treated @entity19 . Regarding the safety of Ad- @entity5977 administration, no deaths and no signs of @entity137 or unusual behavior were observed in the @entity19 in any treatment group. Based on these preclinical experiments, adenovirus-mediated in situ @entity5977 gene therapy is considered to be safe for use as a treatment for @entity1 @entity263 .

title: Preclinical biodistribution and safety study of reduced expression in immortalized cells/Dickkopf-3-encoding adenoviral vector for XXXX gene therapy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: CONTEXT: Given that the etiology of @entity5815 ( @entity5815 ) is believed to be multidimensional, interventions generally have been nonspecific and typically produce only mild to moderate effects. In medical practice, treatment for @entity5815 remains largely symptomatic. Preliminary evidence of the efficacy of acupuncture for @entity5815 is available, but the field has lacked high-quality trials. OBJECTIVE: The research team conducted the study to determine the efficacy of acupuncture for @entity5815 . DESIGN: A two-arm, randomized, controlled, singleblinded design was adopted. SETTING: The study took place in a teaching laboratory at the School of Chinese Medicine at the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. @entity1 : Recruited through press publicity in Hong Kong, 127 individuals--40 @entity1 and 87 @entity1 --participated in the study. Intervention Through careful implementation of sham acupuncture in the control group (CG), the study blinded all @entity1 with regard to their experimental or control status. The treatment regime was 2 sessions/wk for 4 consecutive wk. OUTCOME MEASURES: Measures of fatigue (Chalder's Fatigue Scale), health-related quality of life (SF-12), and general mental health (GH Q-12) were taken at baseline and upon completion of treatment. RESULTS: Ninety-nine @entity1 completed the interventions, with 50 and 49 @entity1 in the experimental group (EG) and CG respectively. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant decrease in physical (F(1,93) = 4.327; P = .040) and mental fatigue (F(1,96) = 10.451; P = .002) and improvement in the physical component score of SF-12 (F(1,93) = 4.774; P = .031). Considerable effects with Cohen's d were observed in the sham-control group: 0.92, 0.78, and 0.38 for the three scores, respectively. These positive effects could have included some therapeutic effects due to pressure on the acupuncture points from the sham needles in addition to normal placebo effects. The EG showed moderate net effect sizes with Cohen's d: 0.52, 0.63, and 0.54 for the three outcome measures, respectively. CONCLUSION: Despite considerable positive effects for the CG, the EG demonstrated significant net-effect sizes at a moderate magnitude in physical and mental fatigue and in the physical component of health-related quality of life. The impacts on general mental health outcomes appeared to be smaller.

title: Acupuncture for XXXX : a randomized, sham-controlled trial with single-blinded design.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome', 'CFS']

answer: @entity5815 :: (MESH:D015673,Disease) :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']