abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity7787 resulting from the digestion of ingested @entity3363 are @entity413 , @entity948 , and @entity3649 . Of these three @entity7787 , only ingested @entity413 resulted in a large increase in the plasma @entity413 concentration. @entity948 (Metabolism 41:510-517, 1992) and @entity3649 (Metabolism 42:1560-1567, 1993) had only a minor effect. Therefore, we were interested in determining whether we could design a mixed meal, using foods of known @entity9928 , disaccharide, and starch composition, the ingestion of which would result in only a small rise in plasma @entity413 concentration. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The experimental meal was composed of very little readily digestible starch but rather large amounts of fruits and vegetables. It contained 43% @entity1735 , 22% protein, and 34% fat. The results were compared with a second type of meal that contained 55% @entity1735 , 15% protein, and 30% fat, with an emphasis on complex @entity3363 (starch). It also was compared with a third meal that contained 40% @entity1735 , 20% protein, and 40% fat, typical of that consumed by the average American. The test meals were ingested in random order by @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 who were not treated with oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin. Each subject ingested each type of meal. The same identical meal was ingested at 0800, 1200, and 1700. RESULTS: The integrated 24-h plasma @entity413 area response was statistically significantly smaller (P < 0.05) after ingestion of the low-starch meals compared with the high-starch, high- @entity1735 meals or the typical American meals. The 24-h integrated serum insulin area response also was statistically significantly less (P < 0.05) after ingestion of the low-starch meals compared with the high-starch meals or the typical American meals. The serum @entity412 area response was similar after ingestion of all three test diets. CONCLUSIONS: A diet in which fruits, nonstarch vegetables, and dairy products are emphasized may be useful for @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 .

title: Acute metabolic response to high- @entity1735 , high-starch meals compared with moderate- XXXX , low-starch meals in subjects with type 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity7787 :: ('MESH:D009005', 'Chemical') :: ['monosaccharides']

entities_list: @entity9928 :: ('CHEBI:35381', 'Chemical') :: ['monosaccharide']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose', 'Fructose']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To culture collagen-producing cells derived from skin fibroblasts and o evaluate prospectively the safety and potential use of this cell preparation for treatment of refractory @entity2633 in a pilot study. DESIGN: Prospective clinical pilot study. SETTING: Institution-based clinical research. @entity1 : A total of 12 @entity1 (5 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 ; mean age 39.1 years) with clinical diagnosis of refractory @entity2633 . INTERVENTIONS: Laboratory-prepared collagen-producing cells derived from dermal fibroblasts were injected into the sites of intrasubstance tears and fibrillar discontinuity of the common extensor origin under ultrasonography guidance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcome assessment was performed over 6 months. The @entity1 -Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) scale was used to assess @entity158 severity and functional disability. Tendon healing response was measured using four criteria on ultrasonography: tendon thickness, hypoechogenicity, intrasubstance tears and @entity2295 . RESULTS: Cell cultures rich in collagen-producing cells was successfully prepared. After injection, the median PRTEE score decreased from 78 before the procedure to 47 at 6 weeks, 35 at 3 months and 12 at 6 months after the procedure (p<0.05). The healing response on ultrasonography showed median decrease in: (1) number of tears, from 5 to 2; (2) number of new vessels, from 3 to 1; and (3) tendon thickness, from 4.35 to 4.2 (p<0.05). Of the 12 @entity1 , 11 had a satisfactory outcome, and only one @entity1 proceeded to surgery after failure of treatment at the end of 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Skin-derived tenocyte-like cells can be cultured in the laboratory to yield a rich preparation of collagen-producing cells. Our pilot study suggests that these collagen-producing cells can be injected safely into @entity1 and may have therapeutic value in @entity1 with refractory @entity2633 .

title: Treatment of XXXX using skin-derived tenocyte-like cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularity']

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['lateral epicondylitis']

answer: @entity2633 :: (MESH:D013716,Disease) :: ['lateral epicondylitis']


abstract: In a given disease the manifestations and course of disease may vary markedly between the @entity1 . This complicates prediction of the prognosis and treatment effect in individual @entity1 . Most controlled clinical trials present only the "average" effect e.g. the therapy-dependent survival in the studied @entity1 group. To estimate the therapy-dependent prognosis in individual @entity1 it is necessary to utilize the covariation between survival time and variables characterizing each @entity1 including the therapy given. This paper describes current methods for identification of variables which covary with survival time (prognostic variables) or the effect of therapy (therapeutic variables). Analyzing data from two large controlled clinical trials in @entity1 with @entity409 : 1) the multicenter trial of @entity229 versus placebo in @entity82 conducted by the Copenhagen Study group for @entity409 (CSL-1) and 2) the multinational trial of @entity500 versus placebo in @entity2835 (PBC-1) we have developed indices for prediction of prognosis and therapeutic effect using Cox's multiple regression model for censored survival data. Using the indices one can estimate the therapy-dependent prognosis in new @entity1 from their base-line data. Furthermore, a time-dependent index by which the risk of a given @entity1 can be estimated repeatedly to update prognosis during the course of the disease is presented. To simplify application "pocket charts" have been devised by which a prognostic index for a @entity1 can easily be obtained at the bedside. By simple graphs, a prognostic index can be translated to estimates of the probability of surviving a given time or the median survival time predicted for the @entity1 . The indices have been validated by comparing the survival predicted by the indices with the observed survival in new @entity1 or using data splitting. The results allow a more differentiated treatment strategy based on the characteristics of the individual @entity1 . Even if the results apply to @entity409 , the general principles are valid for study of the individual therapy-dependent prognosis in other diseases.

title: Individual therapy-dependent prognosis based on data from controlled clinical trials in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease', 'Liver diseases']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['chronic liver disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to describe the effect of race on pathologic complete response (pCR) rates and survival outcomes in @entity1 with @entity549 ( @entity549 ) @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Four hundred seventy-one @entity1 with @entity0 diagnosed between 1996 and 2005 and treated with primary systemic chemotherapy were included. pCR was defined as no residual invasive @entity5 in the breast and axillary lymph nodes. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method and compared between groups using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted for each survival outcome to determine the relationship of @entity1 and @entity5 variables with outcome. RESULTS: Median follow-up time was 24.5 months. One hundred @entity1 (21.2%) were black, and 371 @entity1 (78.8%) were white/other race. Seventeen percent of black @entity1 (n = 17) and 25.1% of white/other @entity1 (n = 93) achieved a pCR (P = .091). Three-year @entity1349 rates were 68% (95% CI, 56% to 76%) and 62% (95% CI, 57% to 67%) for black and white/other @entity1 , respectively, with no significant difference observed between the two groups (P = .302). Three-year @entity1349 was similar for the two racial groups. After controlling for @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics, race was not significantly associated with @entity1349 (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.08; 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.68; P = .747) or @entity1349 (HR = 1.08; 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.68; P = .735) when white/other @entity1 were compared with black @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Race does not significantly affect pCR rates or survival outcomes in @entity1 with @entity0 treated in a single institution under the same treatment conditions.

title: XXXX : the effect of race on response to primary systemic treatment and survival outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['TN breast cancer', 'breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity549 :: ('MESH:D064726', 'Disease') :: ['triple receptor-negative', 'TN']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'Overall survival', 'recurrence-free survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Triple receptor-negative breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The surgical treatment of Crawford extent II @entity439 after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) remains challenging, because of the need to remove the failed endograft and the complexity of the aortic reconstruction. We retrospectively reviewed our experience with surgical management of Crawford extent II @entity439 after TEVAR using thoracoabdominal aortic replacement (TAAR). METHODS: Eleven @entity1 (10 males, 1 female) with Crawford extent II @entity439 after TEVAR were treated with TAAR between August 2012 and May 2015. The indications included: diameter >5.0 cm; persistent @entity158 ; size increase >0.5 cm/year; and no suitable landing zone for re-TEVAR. Five @entity1 underwent surgery under deep hypothermic @entity1167 , two under mild hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, and four under direct aortic cross-clamping under normothermia. Two @entity1 had @entity1614 . RESULTS: There were no in-hospital deaths. Continuous renal replacement therapy was required in three @entity1 . One @entity1 needed re-intubation, and two @entity1 had prolonged intubation (>72 h). One @entity1 sustained @entity451 after surgery but recovered during follow-up. Cerebrospinal fluid drainage were used in four @entity1 (3 immediately in the operation room, and 1 in the intensive care unit when the @entity1 suffered @entity451 ). One @entity1 died during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: TAAR represents a feasible option for the treatment of Crawford extent II @entity439 after TEVAR, with acceptable surgical risks and favorable results.

title: Thoracoabdominal aortic replacement for Crawford extent II XXXX after thoracic endovascular aortic repair.

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the imaging features of @entity1362 (PVNS). DESIGN AND @entity1 : We retrospectively reviewed 15 cases of pathologically proven spinal PVNS. @entity1 demographics and clinical presentation were reviewed. Radiologic studies were evaluated by consensus of two musculoskeletal radiologists for spinal location, spinal segments affected, lesion center, detection of facet origin and intrinsic characteristics on radiography (n=11), myelography (n=7), CT (n=6) and MR imaging (n=6). RESULTS: @entity1 (64%) were more commonly affected than @entity1 (36%) with an average age of 28 years. Clinical symptoms were @entity158 (45%), neurologic (9%) or both (36%). Lesions most frequently affected the cervical spine (53%) followed by the thoracic (27%) and lumbar regions (20%). The majority of lesions (93%) were centered in the posterior elements with frequent involvement of the pedicle (67%), neural foramina (73%), lamina (67%) and facets (93%). No lesions showed calcification. Determination of a facet origin by imaging was dependent on imaging modality and lesion size. A facet origin could be determined in 45% of cases by radiography vs 67% of @entity1 by CT (n=6) and MR (n=6). Large lesions (greater than 3 cm in at least one dimension) obscured the facet origin in all cases with CT and/or MR imaging (44%,n=4). Small lesions (less than 3 cm in any dimension) demonstrated an obvious facet origin in all cases by CT and/or MR imaging (56%,n=5). Low-to-intermediate signal intensity was seen in all cases on T2-weighted MR images resulting from hemosiderin deposition with "blooming effect" in one case with gradient echo MR images. CONCLUSIONS: PVNS of the spine is rare. Large lesions obscure the facet origin and simulate an @entity146 . @entity1 age, a @entity75 centered in the posterior elements, lack of mineralization and low-to-intermediate signal intensity on all MR pulse sequences may suggest the diagnosis in these cases. Small lesions demonstrate a facet origin on CT or MR imaging. This limits differential considerations to synovial-based lesions and additional features of a solitary focus, lack of underlying disease or systemic @entity2720 , no calcification as well as low-to-intermediate signal intensity on all MR images should allow spinal PVNS to be suggested as the likely diagnosis.

title: XXXX (PVNS) of the spine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive intraosseous neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['solitary noncystic lesion']

entities_list: @entity1362 :: ('MESH:D013586', 'Disease') :: ['spinal pigmented villonodular synovitis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

answer: @entity1362 :: (MESH:D013586,Disease) :: ['Villonodular synovitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) is associated with increased @entity65 and mortality. Elevated arterial stiffness, measured by aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV), is a cardiovascular risk surrogate and is potentially modifiable by inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting @entity2263 -agonist combinations in @entity1 with @entity1030 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effects of once-daily inhaled @entity14680 / @entity16137 (FF/VI) 100/25   g, VI 25   g, versus placebo on arterial stiffness in @entity1 with @entity1030 and baseline aPWV >= 11.0 m/s were investigated in a 24-week, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, stratified (by @entity1030 exacerbation history), parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial. Eligible @entity1 were >= 40 years old, with >= 10 pack-year smoking history, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity <= 0.70, and post-bronchodilator FEV1 <= 70% of predicted. @entity1 with a major cardiovascular event in the previous 6 months/current severe @entity712 /uncontrolled @entity101 were excluded. Primary endpoint is change from baseline in aPWV after 24 weeks of treatment. Safety analyses included adverse events (AEs). RESULTS: The intent-to-treat population included 430 @entity1 : FF/VI (n=135), VI (n=154), and placebo (n=141). @entity1 were predominantly male (79%) and Asian or White (each 48%), with a mean age of 68.5 years (standard deviation [SD] =7.9), percentage predicted post-bronchodilator FEV1 50.1% (SD =13.3), and aPWV 13.26 m/s (SD =2.22) at screening. At 24 weeks, mean (standard error [SE]) changes from baseline in aPWV were -1.75 m/s (SE =0.26, FF/VI), -1.95 m/s (SE =0.24, VI), and -1.97 m/s (SE =0.28, placebo). AEs occurred in 57% (FF/VI), 51% (VI), and 41% (placebo) of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: No differences were observed in aPWV-adjusted mean change from baseline for FF/VI 100/25   g, compared with placebo.

title: A randomized trial of once-daily @entity14680 / @entity16137 or @entity16137 versus placebo to determine effects on arterial stiffness in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity16137 :: ('MESH:C550468', 'Chemical') :: ['vilanterol']

entities_list: @entity14680 :: ('MESH:C523187', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone furoate']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: The objective of this report is to describe the bacterial pathogens in @entity6 @entity1 with @entity4034 due to @entity1411 . The authors reviewed the records of 36 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity4034 of the foot due to neuropathic @entity1066 . Intraoperative deep soft tissue and bone specimens were obtained from each @entity1 . The mean age of @entity1 was 56.7 years, and the mean duration of @entity6 was 14.9 years. Streptococcus species (61%) and @entity794 (47%) were the most common organisms identified. Gram-negative aerobes were found in 18 cultures (50%). Only five @entity1 ' cultures (14%) were identified with anaerobic pathogens. The average number of pathogens per @entity1 was 2.25. The most common bacterial pathogens in @entity79 in diabetics were Streptococcus species and @entity794 . Anaerobes were uncommon.

title: Microbiology of XXXX in @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone infections']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic foot ulcerations']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['osteomyelitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Fetal skeletal assessments are routinely conducted as a part of preclinical safety studies to support the development of novel therapeutic agents. @entity622 staining with visual inspection of fetal skeletons is the gold standard in evaluating skeletons for the presence of @entity851 . X-ray based micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging has been used to evaluate small skeletal structures, both in vivo and ex vivo. Recent technological advances have reduced micro-CT image acquisition time making this technology practical for routine fetal skeletal evaluations. Herein we report on the use of micro-CT imaging as a method to perform high-throughput assessment of fetal skeletons. METHODS: Micro-CT imaging of @entity35 and @entity95 fetal skeletons was conducted under a variety of conditions, including, in vivo, contrast-enhanced in vivo, and ex vivo. To increase throughput, micro-CT imaging was employed using custom designed @entity852 foam fetal holders to image entire litters of ex vivo fetuses. After micro-CT imaging, fetuses were routinely stained with @entity622 red to compare micro-CT imaging results with traditional alizarin red staining. RESULTS: Fetal skeletons could be visualized using in vivo micro-CT imaging; however, due to crowding, specific identification of individual fetuses was deemed not practical. Administration of a routine contrast agent to pregnant females highlighted maternal vascular structures including the placenta, but unfortunately, did not cross the placenta and did not highlight any fetal soft tissue structures. Ex vivo fetal imaging provided the best image quality of fetal skeletons and allowed for specific fetal identification. The fetal holders allowed for micro-CT imaging of approximately 400 @entity35 fetuses or approximately 140 @entity95 fetuses per hour. Micro-CT image skeletal findings and alizarin red findings were comparable. The very few discrepancies between the two methods involved the smallest skeletal elements with minimal ossification. DISCUSSION: In conclusion, micro-CT ex vivo imaging can provide a reliable high-throughput method to assess fetal @entity853 for developmental @entity137 studies.

title: High-throughput micro-computed tomography imaging as a method to evaluate @entity35 and @entity95 fetal @entity853 for developmental XXXX studies.

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['developmental abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity622 :: ('MESH:C010078', 'Chemical') :: ['alizarin', 'Alizarin red']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: AIMS: Distortion of the terminal portion of the QRS complex (so-called Grade 3 ischaemia, @entity21179 ) has been associated with adverse outcomes in @entity583 ( @entity583 ) populations. However, the correlation of G3I with @entity1188 size and @entity130 as defined by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is not well defined. Aim of this study was to assess the relation of G3I with @entity296 as assessed by CMR and clinical outcomes in @entity583 @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We analysed the ECGs of 572 consecutive @entity583 @entity1 regarding the presence or absence of G3I. CMR was performed within 1 week after @entity1188 for comprehensive assessment of @entity296 using a standardized protocol. The primary clinical endpoint was major adverse @entity299 (MACE) within 12 months after @entity1188 . G3I was present in 186 (32%) @entity1 . The presence of G3I was associated with larger @entity1188 size (P = 0.01), the presence of late microvascular obstruction (P = 0.05), the presence of intramyocardial @entity548 (P = 0.04), and @entity296 (P = 0.01). G3I was associated with a higher incidence of MACE (P = 0.01) and was identified as an independent predictor of MACE in Cox regression analysis (HR 2.19; 95% CI 1.10 to 4.38, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: This largest study to date correlating G3I on the admission ECG with CMR markers of @entity296 demonstrates that G3I is significantly associated with @entity1188 size, @entity296 , and reperfusion injury in a reperfused @entity583 population. Moreover, G3I was independently associated with MACE. CLINICALTRIALSGOV: NCT00712101.

title: QRS complex distortion (Grade 3 ischaemia) as a predictor of @entity296 assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and clinical prognosis in XXXX with @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['impaired myocardial salvage', 'myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity21179 :: ('p|SUB|G|3|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['G3I']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We describe here a @entity1 who obtained a good analgesic effect with high-dose @entity3575 patches for controlling @entity5 . A 52-year-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital because of severe @entity5 that was 7/10 on a numeric rating scale (NRS). He had been diagnosed with locally advanced @entity201 3 months previously. We prescribed weak opioids and an antidepressant, but his @entity158 was not relieved. We introduced strong opioids (transdermal @entity3575 patches for the background @entity158 and a short-acting opioid for the @entity158 ) and his @entity158 was tolerable on 250   g/hr of @entity3575 patches for 3 months. With time, however, his @entity158 intensity became worse and this reached up to 8/10 to 9/10 on the NRS. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage was performed, which did not relieve his @entity158 . We increased gradually the dose of transdermal @entity3575 to 1,050   g/hr (20 patches). At this dose, the @entity1 was mentally alert, with @entity158 control (NRS 2/10 to 3/10) and no exacerbation of side effects. To the best of our knowledge, we report here on the highest dose of transdermal @entity3575 that has been successfully used for treating a @entity1 suffering from visceral @entity5 .

title: High-dose @entity3575 patch for @entity5 of a XXXX with @entity201 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['breakthrough pain', 'good pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) has been suggested as improving respiratory mechanics in @entity1 with severe @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). We hypothesized that LVRS might lengthen the diaphragm, increase its area of apposition with the chest wall, and thereby improve its mechanical function. To determine the effect of bilateral LVRS on diaphragm length, we measured diaphragm length at TLC, using plain chest roentgenograms (CXRs), in 25 @entity1 (11 males and 14 females) before LVRS and 3 to 6 mo after LVRS. A subgroup of seven @entity1 (reference data) also had diaphragm length measurements made with CXRs, using films made within a year before their presurgical evaluation. Right hemidiaphragm silhouette length (PADL) and the length of the most vertically oriented portion of the right hemidiaphragm muscle (VDML) were measured. Diaphragm dome height was determined from the: (1) distance between the dome and transverse diameter at the manubrium; and (2) highest point of the dome referenced horizontally to the vertebral column. @entity1 also underwent spirometry, measurements of lung volumes and diffusion capacity, an incremental symptom-limited maximum exercise test, and measurements of 6 min walk distance (6MWD) and transdiaphragmatic pressures during maximum static inspiratory efforts (Pdimax sniff) and bilateral supramaximal electrophrenic twitch stimulation (Pditwitch) both before and 3 mo after LVRS. @entity1 were 58 +/- 8 yr of age, with severe @entity1030 and hyperinflation (FEV1 = 0.68 +/- 0.23 L, FVC = 2.56 +/- 7.3 L, and TLC = 143 +/- 22% predicted). Following LVRS, PADL increased by 4% (from 13.9 +/- 1.9 cm to 14.5 +/- 1.7 cm; p = 0.02), VDML increased by 44% (from 2.08 +/- 1.5 cm to 3.00 +/- 1.6 cm, p = 0.01), and diaphragm dome height increased by more than 10%. In contrast, diaphragm lengths were similar in subjects with CXRs made before LVRS and within 1 yr before evaluation. The increase in diaphragm length correlated directly with postoperative reductions in TLC and RV, and also with increases in transdiaphragmatic pressure with maximal sniff (Pdimax sniff), maximal @entity26 consumption (V O2max), maximal minute ventilation (V Emax), and maximum @entity2798 following LVRS. We conclude that LVRS leads to a significant increase in diaphragm length, especially in the area of apposition of the diaphragm with the rib cage. Diaphragm lengthening after LVRS is most likely the result of a reduction in lung volume. Increases in diaphragm length after LVRS correlate with postoperative improvements in diaphragm strength, exercise capacity, and maximum @entity2798 .

title: Effect of lung volume reduction surgery on diaphragm length in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary ventilation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: A bronchial xenograft model of the @entity1 airway was used to identify submucosal gland progenitor cells within the surface airway epithelium. Lineage analysis using recombinant retroviruses has demonstrated considerable diversity in the cellular composition of expanded clones within reconstituted xenograft airway epithelium. These findings provide evidence for the existence of multiple progenitors in the airway with either limited or pluripotent capacity for differentiation. Furthermore, the development of transgene-expressing submucosal glands was associated with a single subset of surface airway epithelial clones. This gland progenitor cell demonstrated two discernible characteristics consistent with the identification of an airway stem cell including: (1) pluripotent capacity for airway differentiation and (2) a two-fold higher proliferative rate than other observed clone types. The number of progenitor cells involved in gland development was also assessed by clonal analysis using alkaline phosphatase and @entity1194 transgenes. These studies demonstrated that more than one airway progenitor cell is involved in the initial stages of gland development. A second explanation for the high prevalence of non-clonality in developing glands was suggested from three-dimensional reconstruction of transgene marked glands. These reconstruction experiments demonstrated that 27% of glands contained more than one duct to the surface airway epithelium. This observation suggests a novel mechanism of gland morphogenesis by which independently formed glands interact to join glandular lumens. Such a mechanism of glandular development and morphogenesis may play an important role in normal submucosal gland development and/or the progression of @entity66 of the adult @entity1 airway as seen in @entity1577 , chronic @entity3617 and @entity565 . The identification of progenitor cells with the capacity to form submucosal glands has implications on the targets for gene therapy in @entity1577 .

title: Progenitor cells of the adult XXXX airway involved in submucosal gland development.

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['hypersecretory diseases']

entities_list: @entity1194 :: ('2720', 'Gene') :: ['beta-galactosidase']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: There exist conflicting data regarding the inhibitory effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on @entity1369 production from @entity1369 -producing @entity652 (APA). Natriuretic peptides mediate their actions through natriuretic peptide receptors (NPRs). Whether or not NPRs are present in the @entity5 remains controversial. To elucidate this paradox, gene expression of NPRs was examined by Northern blot analysis and competitive polymerase chain reaction in tumorous and non-tumorous portions of APA, and in normal adrenal gland from @entity1 with @entity1358 . The results of Northern blot analysis showed the presence of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) of three NPRs in all adrenal tissues, including APA. The proportional expression of @entity19485 gene transcripts in APA was type A (0.6%), type B (18.7%), and type C (80.7%). The levels, but not the proportions, of type C and possibly type B @entity19485 mRNAs were lower in tumorous and non-tumorous portions of APA compared to those in normal adrenal gland (type C 190.2 +/- 24.5 [means +/- SEM, normal adrenal gland] > 168.1 +/- 20.8 [non-tumorous portion] > 112.2 +/- 15.5 [tumorous portion] pg/10 micrograms total RNA, F = 3.82, P < 0.05; type B 45.2 +/- 8.5 [normal adrenal gland] > 30.0 +/- 5.2 [non-tumorous portion] > 25.1 +/- 4.1 [tumorous portion] pg/10 micrograms total RNA, F = 3.03, P = 0.065). The mRNA levels of type C, rather than type A or type B, @entity19485 were correlated with the percentage of zona fasciculata-like cells in APA (r = 0.90, P < 0.05). In conclusion we have demonstrated the presence of mRNA encoding the three NPRs in APA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Quantitative analysis of messenger ribonucleic acid encoding natriuretic peptide receptors in XXXX -producing @entity652 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1369 :: (MESH:D000450,Chemical) :: ['aldosterone']


abstract: Neuronal apoptotic death involves the participation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS), but their sources have not been completely elucidated. Previous studies have demonstrated that the ROS-producing enzyme @entity1110 oxidase is present in neuronal cells and that this enzyme could participate in the apoptotic @entity528 . Cerebellar granule neurons (CGN) undergo apoptosis when cells are transferred from a medium with 25 mM @entity4338 (K25) to a 5 mM @entity4338 (K5) medium or when they are treated with @entity866 (ST). Under these conditions, apoptotic death of CGN is dependent on ROS production. In this study, we evaluated the role of @entity8930 , an @entity1110 oxidase homolog, in the apoptotic death of CGN induced by two different conditions. In CGN from @entity8930 -deficient (ko) @entity19 , a significantly lower rate of apoptotic death occurs compared with wild-type (wt) CGN. Also, @entity185 activation, @entity1110 oxidase activity, and @entity224 anion production induced by ST were markedly lower in ko neurons than in wt CGN. In contrast to the case with ST, when CGN were treated with K5, no differences were observed between ko and wt cells in any of the parameters measured. However, all @entity1110 oxidase inhibitors tested noticeably reduced cell death and apoptotic parameters induced by K5 in both wt and ko CGN. These results suggest that @entity8930 could be necessary for apoptotic death induced by ST, but not by K5, which could require other member of the NOX family in the apoptotic process.

title: XXXX mediates apoptotic death induced by @entity866 but not by potassium deprivation in cerebellar granule neurons.

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity8930 :: (13058(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['NOX2']


abstract: In this report, the authors describe 4 recent cases of @entity50 in neonates diagnosed during pregnancy and encountered at 3 different institutions. @entity50 was diagnosed in 4 @entity1 using antenatal ultrasonography and confirmed in 2 @entity1 using prenatal MR imaging and in 3 @entity1 using postnatal MR angiography. In 2 @entity1 angiography was performed at the age of 6 months. The pregnancy was terminated in 1 case, and the fetus underwent an autopsy. The 3 @entity1 who were born presented with various degree of @entity299 and were admitted to the intensive care unit after birth. Signs of @entity428 were present immediately after birth, including a bulging fontanel. No endovascular treatment was used in these cases. Surgery was performed in 2 cases as an attempt to alleviate @entity428 , without any real benefit. A slow venous flow in the @entity4122 was shown by ultrasonography in the case in which the pregnancy was terminated. Angiography or MR angiography did not show an obvious @entity2758 in any of the cases, but an arteriovenous fistula secondary or contributing to the formation of the @entity1211 is one of the physiopathological hypotheses of the cause of this condition. Interestingly, spontaneous progressive @entity715 and regression of the intravascular component of the @entity50 was observed in all cases. The clinical outcome was acceptable in 1 @entity1 (who had a moderate handicap after the surgery) and good for the other 2 @entity1 (who had normal neurological development). Stratified thrombi of different ages are found in these giant @entity1211 and develop within the leaves of the dura close to the confluence of the major posterior venous sinuses. Therefore, it appears that the formation of a progressive @entity715 represents the normal evolution of these giant dural @entity50 , which explains the favorable outcome in some cases without specific surgical treatment, except for resuscitation techniques.

title: Giant dural XXXX in neonates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure symptoms', 'increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous ectasia', 'venous ectasias']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['posterior giant dural venous sinus ectasia', 'Posterior giant venous sinus ectasia', 'venous sinus ectasia', 'venous sinus ectasias']

answer: @entity50 :: (MESH:D012851,Disease) :: ['venous sinus ectasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1211 is a rare and severe clinical feature in @entity2403 ( @entity2403 ). AIM: We reported our experience with a rare and interesting subset of @entity2403 @entity1 with venous involvement. METHODS: From 1994 to 2008, twenty eight cases of @entity66 were found amongst @entity2403 @entity1 in the department of internal medicine of Habib Thameur Hospital. RESULTS: 45 episodes of @entity49 occurred in 28 @entity1 . There were 25 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 the mean age when venous involvement manifested was diagnosed was about 32.25. @entity49 occur in the first five years following the diagnosis of @entity2403 . @entity2396 was more frequently noted in @entity1 with @entity66 . In contrast digestive and rheumatologic symptoms were more likely observed in @entity1 without vasculo- @entity2403 . Thirteen @entity1 underwent corticosteroids. Relapses occurred more frequently in @entity1 without corticosteroid therapy. CONCLUSION: @entity1211 is more frequently noted in vasculo-Behcet than arterial involvement. Its treatment should include anticoagulation in association with corticosteroids.

title: [ @entity1211 in XXXX : a series of 28 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venous BD than others without vasculo-Behcet disease', 'venous BD']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['Pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis', 'Venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2403 :: ('MESH:D001528', 'Disease') :: ['BD', 'Behcet disease']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous involvement']

answer: @entity2403 :: (MESH:D001528,Disease) :: ['Behcet's disease']


abstract: @entity2753 , usually attributed to the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, typically occurs in a delayed fashion following transsphenoidal removal of a @entity977 . In a series of 99 consecutive @entity1 who underwent transsphenoidal surgery for @entity977 , nine @entity1 developed delayed @entity2753 , seven of whom were symptomatic. Of these seven @entity1 , four had been discharged from the hospital and required readmission on postoperative Day 7 to 9. In the nine @entity1 who developed @entity2753 , on the average, serum @entity1372 levels began to fall on Day 4 and reached a nadir on Day 7 (mean serum @entity1372 nadir 123 mmol/L). The development of delayed @entity2753 was associated with the presence of a macroadenoma in eight of the nine @entity1 . Seven of the nine patients had serum @entity1372 levels less than 130 mmol/L and required treatment. One @entity1 was treated with fluid restriction alone and six were treated with both fluid restriction and intravenous urea therapy. Twenty-four and 48 hours after urea administration, serum @entity1372 levels rose by an average of 6 and 10 mmol/L, respectively, and at discharge, levels averaged 136 mmol/L. Intravenous administration of @entity1133 provides a rapid yet safe means of correcting symptomatic @entity2753 when fluid restriction alone is inadequate. In this article, the authors discuss the pathogenesis of delayed @entity2753 .

title: Delayed @entity2753 after transsphenoidal surgery for XXXX . Report of nine cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia', 'Hyponatremia']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenoma']


abstract: We have previously characterized a 21-kDa protein encoded by @entity24776 (pUL138) as a viral factor inherent to low-passage strains of @entity4538 ) that is required for @entity281 in vitro. pUL138 is encoded on 3.6-, 2.7-, and 1.4-kb 3' coterminal transcripts that are produced during productive and latent infections. pUL138 is encoded at the 3' end of each transcript and is preceded by an extensive 5' sequence (approximately 0.5 to 2.5 kb) containing several putative open reading frames (ORFs). We determined that three putative ORFs upstream of @entity24776 (UL133, UL135, and UL136) encode proteins. The @entity24776 transcripts are polycistronic, such that each transcript expresses pUL138 in addition to the most-5' ORF. The upstream coding sequences (CDS) present a significant challenge for the translation of pUL138 in @entity1 cells. We hypothesized that sequences 5' of @entity24776 mediate translation initiation of pUL138 by alternative strategies. Accordingly, a 663-nucloetide (nt) sequence overlapping the UL136 CDS supported expression of a downstream cistron in a bicistronic reporter system. We did not detect cryptic promoter activity or RNA splicing events that could account for downstream cistron expression. These data are consistent with the sequence element functioning as an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). Interestingly, pUL138 expression from the 3.6- and 2.7-kb transcripts was induced by serum stress, which concomitantly inhibited normal cap-dependent translation. Our work suggests that an alternative and stress-inducible strategy of translation initiation ensures expression of pUL138 under a variety of cellular contexts. The @entity24776 polycistronic transcripts serve to coordinate the expression of multiple proteins, including a viral determinant of HCMV latency.

title: Stress-inducible alternative translation initiation of XXXX latency protein pUL138.

entities_list: @entity4538 :: ('10359', 'Species') :: ['human cytomegalovirus (HCMV']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['latent infection']

answer: @entity4538 :: (10359,Species) :: ['human cytomegalovirus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity497 ( @entity497 ) is one of the commonest causes of @entity1 's visit to the Emergency Room (ER). Hospitalisation of @entity1 depends on severity of @entity55 . Various @entity55 severity assessment scores are available to predict mortality in community acquired @entity55 but these scores are not commonly used. @entity1904 is a biomarker which is raised in @entity2348 and is easy and quick to measure. The aim of our study was to assess the ability of baseline serum @entity1904 level to predict mortality of community acquired @entity2028 compared to PSI, CURB-65 and CRB-65 and its add-on value to the simple CRB-65 score. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty five @entity1 admitted with Com-munity Acquired @entity2028 were enrolled after taking informed consent and satisfying all inclusion and exclusion criteria. PSI, CURB -65, CRB-65 and @entity10921 scores were determined on admission. @entity10921 was measured by semi- quantitative assay; @entity10921 Q. Primary outcome was 30 day mortality. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of @entity10921 for assessing mortality was calculated and compared to validated @entity55 severity scores; PSI, CURB-65 and CRB-65. We also assessed the ability of the combination of @entity10921 to each of the scores to predict 30 day @entity55 specific mortality. RESULTS: In receiver operating characteristic analysis for mortality prediction, area under curve (95% CI) for @entity10921 , PSI, CURB-65 and CRB-65 was 0.92 (0.85, 1.0), 0.88 (0.78, 0.98), 0.88 (0.76, 0.99), 0.9 (0.78, 1.0) respectively. Combination of @entity10921 to each of the scores improved the prognostic ability to predict 30 day @entity55 specific mortality. CONCLUSION: Semi-quantitative @entity10921 level at admission is an excellent test to predict the outcome of @entity55 . It predicts @entity1 at low risk of mortality from community acquired @entity2028 .

title: Role of Semi-quantitative Serum @entity1904 in Assessing Prognosis of Community Acquired XXXX Compared to PORT PSI, CURB-65 and CRB-65.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin', 'Procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'Community Acquired Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial Pneumonia', 'bacterial pneumonia']

answer: @entity2028 :: (MESH:D018410,Disease) :: ['Bacterial Pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Impaired neurodevelopmental outcome represents a major morbidity for survivors of @entity1 heart surgery for @entity4297 . Previous studies in these neonates have reported preoperative @entity4242 , @entity5719 , and other findings. The hypothesis of this study is that preoperative cerebral blood flow is substantially diminished and might relate to preoperative @entity16 . METHODS: Preoperative brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed. Cerebral blood flow measurements in @entity1 with @entity4297 were obtained by using a novel noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging technique, pulsed arterial spin-label perfusion magnetic resonance imaging. Cerebral blood flow was measured before the operation under standard ventilation and repeated after increased @entity544 . RESULTS: A total of 25 term @entity1 were studied. The average age at the time of the operation was 4.4 +/- 4.6 days. @entity4297 varied widely. @entity4242 occurred in 24% (6/25). Baseline cerebral blood flow was 19.7 +/- 9.2 mL . 100 g -1 . min -1 (8.0-42.2 mL . 100 g -1 . min -1 ). Five @entity1 had cerebral blood flow measurements of less than 10 mL . 100 g -1 . min -1 . Mean hypercarbic cerebral blood flow increased to 40.1 +/- 20.3 mL . 100 g -1 . min -1 (11.4-94.0 mL . 100 g -1 . min -1 , P < .001). Pairwise analyses found that low hemoglobin levels were associated with higher baseline cerebral blood flow values ( P = .04). @entity5719 occurred in 28% (7/25) and was associated with decreased baseline cerebral blood flow values ( P = .05) and a smaller change in cerebral blood flow with hypercarbia ( P = .003). CONCLUSIONS: @entity75 are common in these neonates before surgical intervention. Preoperative cerebral blood flow for this cohort was low and drastically reduced in some @entity1 . Low cerebral blood flow values were associated with @entity5719 . @entity544 reactivity was preserved but might be compromised by some aspects of the cardiac anatomy. The full spectrum of cerebral blood flow measurements with this technique in @entity4297 and their long-term significance require continued investigation.

title: Preoperative cerebral blood flow is diminished in neonates with severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Structural brain abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic conditions']

entities_list: @entity5719 :: ('MESH:D007969', 'Disease') :: ['Periventricular leukomalacia', 'periventricular leukomalacia']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide', 'Carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['Microcephaly', 'microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital heart defects', 'congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity4297 :: (MESH:D006330,Disease) :: ['congenital heart defects']


abstract: The @entity4584 ( @entity4584 ) composition, glycolytic potential, mitochondrial content, and gene expression related to energy metabolism were analyzed in eight muscles from Tibetan @entity1707 , to study how meat quality develops in different muscle tissues. The muscles were classified into three clusters, based on @entity4584 composition: masseter, trapezius, and latissimus dorsi as 'slow-oxidative-type'; psoas major and semimembranosus as 'intermediate-type'; and longissimus dorsi, obliquus externus abdominis, and semitendinosus as 'fast-glycolytic-type'. The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest @entity4584 I and @entity4584 IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest @entity4584 IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest @entity4584 IIb content (P < 0.01). The pH values measured in 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles were higher than those in the other clusters were; however, the color of 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles was palest (P < 0.01). Mitochondrial content increased in the order: fast-glycolytic-type < intermediate-type < slow-oxidative-type. In the 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles, the expression levels of genes related to @entity855 synthesis were higher, but were lower for those related to glycogen synthesis and glycolysis. Mitochondrial content was significantly positively correlated with @entity4584 I content, but negatively correlated with @entity4584 IIb content. @entity4584 I and mitochondrial content were both negatively correlated with glycolytic potential. Overall, muscles used frequently in exercise had a higher proportion of type I fibers. 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles, rich in type I fibers with higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and @entity413 contents, had a higher @entity855 synthesis efficiency and lower glycolytic capacity, which contributed to their superior meat quality.

title: Effects of muscle fiber type on glycolytic potential and meat quality traits in different Tibetan XXXX muscles and their association with glycolysis-related gene expression.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: @entity1897 is a common complication of @entity6 , and a significant proportion of individuals suffer debilitating @entity158 that significantly affects their quality of life. Unfortunately, symptomatic treatment options have limited efficacy, and often carry significant risk of systemic adverse effects. Activation of the @entity859 A1 receptor (A1R) by the analgesic small molecule @entity859 has been shown to have antinociceptive benefits in models of inflammatory and @entity9 . The current study used a @entity19 model of @entity3949 to determine the effect of @entity6 on endogenous @entity859 production, and if central or peripheral delivery of @entity859 receptor agonists could alleviate signs of mechanical @entity1931 in @entity6 @entity19 . @entity6 was induced using @entity3839 in male A/J @entity19 . Mechanical withdrawal thresholds were measured weekly to characterize @entity16 phenotype. Hydrolysis of @entity860 into @entity859 by ectonucleotidases was determined in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord at 8 weeks post-induction of @entity6 . @entity860 , @entity859 and the specific A1R agonist, @entity15489 (CPA), were administered both centrally (intrathecal) and peripherally (intraplantar) to determine the effect of activation of @entity859 receptors on mechanical @entity1931 in @entity6 @entity19 . Eight weeks post-induction, @entity6 @entity19 displayed significantly decreased hydrolysis of extracellular @entity860 in the DRG; at this same time, @entity6 @entity19 displayed significantly decreased mechanical withdrawal thresholds compared to nondiabetic controls. Central delivery @entity860 , @entity859 and CPA significantly improved mechanical withdrawal thresholds in @entity6 @entity19 . Surprisingly, peripheral delivery of CPA also improved mechanical @entity1931 in @entity6 @entity19 . This study provides new evidence that @entity6 significantly affects endogenous @entity860 hydrolysis, suggesting that altered @entity859 production could contribute to the development of @entity3949 . Moreover, central and peripheral activation of A1R significantly improved mechanical sensitivity, warranting further investigation into this important antinociceptive pathway as a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of @entity3949 .

title: Central or peripheral delivery of an @entity859 A1 receptor agonist improves mechanical @entity1931 in a XXXX model of @entity3949 .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozocin']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['painful diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity15489 :: ('MESH:C048599', 'Chemical') :: ['N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The authors present a homogeneous series of 750 @entity3540 treated surgically between 1973 and 1984, 710 cases by a closed technique (94%) and 40 by an open technique. After dealing with the false problem of the choice between open technique and closed technique, the authors attempt to define the conditions required for successful treatment of @entity102 , and on that basis justify their own therapeutic attitude. Excision of the @entity3540 must be complete and as a single block, from the periphery to the point of origin of the epidermal matrix. Such excision is possible in the majority of cases without damage to the bony canal walls. The risk of residual @entity3540 fell from 19% in 1978 to 8% in 1984. The prevention of @entity3540 is based upon our basic knowledge of the disease. It requires avoiding damage to or repair of the osteo-membranous anatomical barrier which separate the two compartments, outer and middle, of the ear. This aim can now be better achieved by the use of tympanic homografts and recent techniques for repair of the bony external auditory canal. Recurrences (13%) are due to the ability of progression of the @entity3540 but also, and above all, the imperfect surgery. Whilst it was long believed that complete eradication of @entity3540 was impossible without destruction of part of the architecture of the ear, it is now known to be possible, and even represents one of the best methods for the prevention of recurrences.

title: [Conditions necessary for a cure of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma', 'cholesteatomas']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatomatous chronic otitis']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['cholesteatomatous chronic otitis']


abstract: The susceptibility patterns of gram-negative aerobic organisms to @entity581 differ widely from one European health care center to another and depend upon local antibiotic prescribing policies. Reports of the susceptibility of @entity796 to @entity801 and @entity2890 have ranged from as low as 49.8 percent and 77.7 percent, respectively, in Greece, to as high as 96.6 percent and 99.2 percent, respectively, in the United Kingdom. The susceptibility of @entity796 to @entity801 , @entity2890 , and @entity4509 decreased in our hospital from 73.1 percent, 94.8 percent, and 95.6 percent, respectively, in 1982, to 43.1 percent, 70.6 percent, and 74.3 percent, respectively, in 1984. A prospective surveillance study of the susceptibility of gram-negative aerobic bacilli to four @entity581 ( @entity801 , @entity2890 , @entity4509 , and @entity5153 ) was performed over a period of 17 months. @entity801 and @entity2890 were freely used, while the use of @entity4509 was restricted throughout the hospital during a four-month baseline period (May through August 1984). @entity801 and @entity2890 accounted for 94 percent of the @entity4028 use. During the following 13 months (September 1984 through September 1985), @entity4509 was used as the first-line @entity4028 and accounted for more than 97 percent of the @entity4028 usage. A total of 1,866 organisms were analyzed during the baseline period; 5,429 were analyzed during the @entity4509 -usage period. The overall susceptibility to @entity801 , @entity2890 , @entity4509 , and @entity5153 increased from 86.9 percent, 90.4 percent, 94.2 percent, and 88.3 percent, respectively, to 92.3 percent, 94.0 percent, 97.3 percent, and 92.3 percent, respectively. @entity796 isolates had the most striking changes, with the susceptibility to @entity801 , @entity2890 , @entity4509 , and @entity5153 increasing from 43.1 percent, 70.6 percent, 74.3 percent, and 50.6 percent, respectively, during the baseline period, to 64.5 percent, 81.6 percent, 90.8 percent, and 65.1 percent, respectively, during the @entity4509 -usage period. The use of @entity4509 as a first-line @entity4028 , while use of the other @entity581 was restricted, seemed to have a favorable influence on the susceptibility pattern of gram-negative aerobic isolates in our hospital.

title: Surveillance of XXXX resistance. European data.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin', 'Gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity5153 :: ('MESH:D009428', 'Chemical') :: ['netilmicin']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity4028 :: (CHEBI:47779,Chemical) :: ['aminoglycoside']


abstract: The design of novel targeted or combination therapies may improve treatment options for @entity788 . Two targets of recent interest are nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and cyclooxygenase (COX), known to be activated or overexpressed, respectively, in @entity788 . We have previously shown that @entity10512 , a proapoptotic drug associated with NF-kappaB inhibition, enhanced the growth suppression of @entity788 cells by the COX inhibitor sulindac in vitro. In the present study, a bioavailable analogue of @entity10512 , LC-1, and sulindac were evaluated in vivo using a xenograft model of @entity1 @entity788 . Treatment groups included placebo, low-dose/high-dose LC-1 (20 and 40 mg/kg), low-dose/high-dose sulindac (20 and 60 mg/kg), and low-dose combination LC-1/sulindac (20 mg/kg each). In MiaPaCa-2 xenografts, @entity5 growth was inhibited by either high-dose sulindac or LC-1. In BxPC-3 xenografts, @entity5 size was significantly reduced by treatment with the low-dose LC-1/sulindac combination or high-dose sulindac alone (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry of BxPC-3 @entity5 revealed a significant decrease in Ki-67 and @entity2279 staining by high-dose sulindac, with no significant changes in @entity9859 / @entity2247 levels or activity in any of the treatment groups. NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity was significantly decreased by high-dose LC-1. @entity4910 protein levels were reduced by the low-dose LC-1/sulindac combination or high-dose sulindac alone, correlating with BxPC-3 @entity5 suppression. These results suggest that LC-1 and sulindac may mediate their antitumor effects, in part, by altering @entity4910 levels. Furthermore, this study provides preclinical evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of these agents.

title: Suppression of @entity788 growth by combination chemotherapy with sulindac and LC-1 is associated with XXXX inhibition in vivo.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity10512 :: ('MESH:C002669', 'Chemical') :: ['parthenolide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity4910 :: (595,Gene) :: ['cyclin D1']


abstract: @entity1573 were evaluated by age, sex, and type for susceptibility to reovirus strain 81-176 inoculated subcutaneously. Chicks were most susceptible to the lethal effects of @entity7697 at hatching, after which resistance increased rapidly. By 1 week of age, mortality was negligible, but chicks were still susceptible to the less lethal effects of the virus. Mortality rates of males and females were equal. Leghorn and broiler-type chicks did not differ appreciably in their response to viral inoculation. An effort was made to find a more "natural" means of exposure to reovirus than parenteral inoculation. Neither oral nor aerosol exposure was as effective as subcutaneous inoculation. Attempts to transmit reovirus to susceptible hatching chicks, starting when they were in ovo (19 days of incubation), also failed. Decreased @entity1017 proved to be a valid criterion for judging @entity7697 . @entity7697 lowered the mean values of body weights, and the standard deviations were substantially greater, indicating an unevenness in size of the affected @entity1573 .

title: Role of route of exposure, age, sex, and type of XXXX on the pathogenicity of avian reovirus strain 81-176.

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'Chickens']

entities_list: @entity7697 :: ('MESH:D012088', 'Disease') :: ['Reovirus infection', 'reovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: A traumatic lesion of the ulnar artery ( @entity1848 , @entity11339 ) is a very rare cause of acral @entity63 of the upper extremity. AIM: Evaluation of the efficacy of ultrasound techniques in the diagnosis of the HSS. METHOD: Based on the knowledge of the @entity1 's history and clinical examination we investigated forearm, hand and digital arteries by continuous wave Doppler. By means of colour-coded duplex sonography (CCDS) we demonstrated the course of the radial and ulnar arteries to the palmar arch. For comparison we used the results of preintervention angiography. RESULTS: The diameter of the distal ulnary artery measured in healthy @entity1 was 1.8 +/- 0.32 and in @entity1 2.2 +/- 0.46 mm. Among 268 @entity1 with @entity63 of the hands we diagnosed @entity11339 in four cases. We identified an @entity439 of the ulnary artery in one case and a @entity715 in three cases. The @entity715 of the ulnar artery led to a dilatation of the vascular lumen. The occlusion length could be determined. Vessels diameter and echogenecity gave information about the age of the @entity715 . CONCLUSION: The continuous wave Doppler is a major diagnostic contribution because of its ability to register hemodynamic changes. Additionally, CCDS with its combination of sonomorphology and hemodynamics enables a distinction between @entity11339 and other causes of @entity63 . The CCDS more precisely refines the indications for preinterventional angiography in acute @entity63 syndromes of the hand.

title: [Ultrasound image of the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['digital ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1848 :: ('MESH:D037801', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothenar Hammer Syndrome']

answer: @entity1848 :: (MESH:D037801,Disease) :: ['hypothenar hammer syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to evaluate the practices of ENT surgeons for the management of early @entity5 affecting only one vocal cord, i.e. classified @entity13712 . A questionnaire was sent to different surgeons managing @entity5 of the larynx in France, Belgium and Switzerland. A descriptive and comparative analysis of practices across centers was performed. The decision-making parameters of the therapeutic strategy were analyzed. Sixty-nine surgeons completed the questionnaire (58 in France, 10 in Belgium and one in Switzerland). In the example of a 50-year-old @entity1 with active @entity286 use and no oncologic history presenting a @entity957 of the middle third of the vocal cord classified T1aN0M0, and with easy glottic exposition by laryngoscopy, 91  % of surgeons proposed endoscopic surgery laser, 2  % radiotherapy and 7  % proposed one of these two treatments without any preference. Therapeutic strategies were not influenced by the sex (p  =  1.00), the smoking status (p  =  0.58) or the age of the @entity1 (more or less than 80  years, p  =  0.27). A significant change was observed in the therapeutic strategy for @entity5 non-exposable by laryngoscopy (p  =  0.032), @entity5 reaching the anterior commissure (p  =  0.001) and @entity1 using their voice professionally (p  =  0.0003). The management strategy of @entity13712 @entity189 , in our series, is mainly surgical. The choice of therapeutic strategy seems to be based, in our series, on criteria such as the risk of a second location, cost, and duration of treatment.

title: Multicentric evaluation of strategies for treatment of XXXX @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'cancers', 'glottic cancers']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['glottic carcinomas']

answer: @entity13712 :: (10630,Gene) :: ['T1a']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Back @entity158 , one of the most prevalent conditions afflicting American adults, is the leading reason for using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies. Yoga is an increasingly popular "mind-body" CAM therapy often used for relieving back @entity158 and several small studies have found yoga effective for this condition. This study will assess whether yoga is effective for treating @entity1643 compared with self care and exercise and will explore the mechanisms responsible for any observed benefits. METHODS/DESIGN: A total of 210 @entity1 with @entity1643 lasting at least 3 months will be recruited from primary care clinics of a large healthcare system based in Seattle. They will be randomized in a 2:2:1 ratio to receive 12 weekly yoga classes, 12 weekly conventional therapeutic exercise classes of comparable physical exertion, or a self-care book. Interviewers masked to @entity1 ' treatment group will assess outcomes at baseline and 6, 12 and 26 weeks after randomization. Primary outcomes will be back-related dysfunction and symptom bothersomeness. In addition, data will be collected on physical measurements (e.g., flexion) at baseline and 12 weeks and saliva samples will be obtained at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks. Information will be collected on specific physical, psychological, and physiological factors to allow exploration of possible mechanisms of action through which yoga could relieve @entity615 . The effectiveness of yoga will be assessed using analysis of covariance (using general estimating equations - GEE) within an intention-to-treat context. If yoga is found effective, further analyses will explore whether yoga's benefits are attributable to physical, psychological and/or physiological factors. CONCLUSIONS: This study will provide the clearest evidence to date about the value of yoga as a therapeutic option for treating @entity615 , and if the results are positive, will help focus future, more in-depth, research on the most promising potential mechanisms of action identified by this study.

title: Comparison of yoga versus stretching for XXXX : protocol for the Yoga Exercise Self-care (YES) trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain and dysfunction', 'chronic back pain']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and echocardiographic outcomes, at rest and under exercise testing, of @entity1 with moderate @entity339 ( @entity339 ) undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). METHODS: Between February 2003 and March 2008, 180 @entity1 with moderate @entity339 who had isolated CABG were enrolled. @entity1 were matched 1:2 (n = 360) with @entity1 who underwent isolated CABG without @entity339 (by propensity score). The study endpoints were freedom from all @entity204 , @entity204 , late events, and cardiac-related events. Late outcomes and @entity5707 were evaluated according to preoperative percent of ejection fraction. Symptoms and @entity90 grade under exercise test were investigated. Mean follow-up was 30    16 months. RESULTS: The 5-year freedom from all @entity204 and from cardiac-related @entity204 among @entity1 without @entity339 versus with @entity339 was, respectively, 90.5%    1.8% versus 73.7%    2.1% (p < 0.001) and 94.2%    1.6% versus 79.5%    1.5% (p < 0.001). Ischemic @entity339 affects significantly late survival only in @entity1 with ejection fraction 40% or less. The 5-year freedom from cardiac-related events among @entity1 without and with @entity339 was, respectively, 88.2%    2.1% and 62.1%    1.2% (p < 0.0001). @entity1 with @entity339 experienced more cardiac-related events in comparison with @entity1 without @entity339 . Ischemic @entity339 promotes @entity5707 in all @entity1 . During exercise testing, the grade of @entity90 moved from mild to moderate in 10 @entity1 (28.5%) and to severe in 5 (14.3%). Among the 42 @entity1 with moderate @entity90 at rest, 32 @entity1 (76%) moved from moderate to severe @entity90 during exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Ischemic @entity339 significantly increases the incidence of cardiac-related @entity204 among @entity1 with ejection fraction 40% or less and the incidence of cardiac-related events, and promotes @entity5707 . Most @entity1 who had at-rest residual mild to moderate @entity90 presented with a worse @entity90 grade under exercise with the appearance of @entity1353 .

title: Impact of moderate XXXX after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic mitral regurgitation', 'mitral regurgitation', 'IMR']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular remodeling']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac related-death', 'death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['ischemic mitral regurgitation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Lymphatic vessels are important for maintenance of tissue fluid homeostasis and afferent antigen transport. In @entity32 , lymphangiogenesis takes place and is characterized by lymphatic endothelial cell proliferation and @entity1373 . @entity18266 ( @entity18266 ) is the main known lymphangiogenic growth factor, and its expression is increased in @entity2521 , a common @entity102 that results in tissue destruction and @entity604 . The role of lymphangiogenesis during development of @entity2521 is unknown. Here, we test if transgenic overexpression of epithelial @entity18266 in a @entity19 model is followed by @entity1373 of lymphatic vessels in oral mucosa and if the lymphatic drainage capacity is altered. We also test if @entity1373 protects against periodontal disease development. Transgenic @entity10802 ( @entity10802 )- @entity18266 @entity19 had significant @entity1373 of @entity5932 , including gingiva, without changes in blood vessel vasculature. The basal lymph flow was normal but slightly lower than in wild-type @entity19 when oral mucosa was challenged with lipopolysaccharide from @entity2523 . Under normal conditions, @entity18267 @entity19 exhibited an increased number of neutrophils in gingiva, demonstrated enhanced phagocyte recruitment in the cervical lymph nodes, and had more alveolar bone when compared with their wild-type littermates. After induction of @entity2521 , no strain differences were observed in the periodontal tissues with respect to granulocyte recruitment, bone resorption, angiogenesis, cytokines, and bone-related protein expressions or in draining lymph node immune cell proportions and vascularization. We conclude that overexpression of @entity18266 results in hyperplastic lymphatics, which do not enhance lymphatic drainage capacity but facilitate phagocyte transport to draining lymph nodes. @entity1373 of lymphatics does not protect against development of ligature-induced @entity2521 .

title: Role of @entity1373 of Gingival Lymphatics in Periodontal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic hyperplasia', 'Hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar bone loss']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatics in oral mucosa']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity18266 :: ('22341(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Vascular endothelial growth factor C', 'VEGFC']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Inflammation']


abstract: It is assumed that the genetic mechanism of pathogenesis of such widely spread @entity13937 as @entity161 ( @entity161 ), @entity2438 , @entity1129 ( @entity1129 ), and @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is associated with structural and functional genomi? instaility in brain cells. Aneuploidy is one of the most important biological markers of genomic instability. The currently available methods of molecular cytogenetics (I-mFISH, QFISH, and ICS-MCB) facilitate the solution of numerous fundamental biological problems, including analysis ofgenomic variations in brain cells. Using these methods, we have studied for the first time aneuploidy in @entity1 embryo and adult brain cells (normal and with @entity1129 , @entity195 , and @entity161 ) as well as in blood cells of @entity1 with @entity2438 . The level of aneuploidy was increased two- to threefold in the embryo brain with a subsequent reduction of the number of abnormal cells in the adult brain. In the case of @entity161 , mosaic aneuploidy for chromosomes 1, 18, and X was found. The study of blood cells from @entity1 with @entity2438 showed chromosomal mosaicism for chromosomes X, 9, and 15. In the case of @entity1129 , we observed a global expression of aneuploidy in up to 20-50% of cortex and cerebellum neurons. In addition, a local instability of chromosome 14 was revealed in the degenerating cerebellum in the form of breaks in the 14q12 region. In the case of @entity195 , a tenfold increase was observed in the level ofaneuploidy for chromosome 21 in brain sections subjected to neurodegeneration. These data indicate that mosaic genomic instability in nerve cells is one of the mechanism of @entity179 .

title: [Instability of chromosomes in XXXX nerve cells (normal and with neuromental diseases)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'SZ']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative and mental diseases']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['AT', 'ataxia-telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity13937 :: ('MESH:C535295', 'Disease') :: ['neural and mental diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity49 states are a collection of syndromes characterized by an @entity74 of various proteins involved in the control of coagulation and include antithrombin III, plasminogen, protein C, and protein S. Affected @entity1 usually develop @entity49 as adults. During a 15-month interval, we identified five @entity1 with @entity49 accompanied by @entity7131 . Four @entity1 presented with @entity1150 , which was recurrent in two, and one @entity1 developed @entity49 . The kindred of this last @entity1 suggested an autosomal dominant genetic transmission of @entity7131 . @entity1 ' ages at the time of diagnosis of disease ranged from 28 to 41 years. All @entity1 had low levels of protein C (range, 34 to 67 U/dL; normal, 70 to 130 U/dL). All @entity1 were treated with heparin @entity1372 immediately and then given long-term oral anticoagulation therapy with @entity1229 . @entity7131 is a predisposing factor to the development of @entity49 that has only recently been recognized. Treatment of symptomatic @entity7131 requires short-term heparin therapy followed by long-term oral anticoagulation therapy with @entity1229 . Oral anticoagulation treatment must be initiated slowly with no loading dose to avoid @entity1229 -associated @entity39 . @entity1 with unexplained or unusual @entity715 , especially if it occurs at an early age, and @entity1 with recurrent episodes of lower limb @entity49 should have their protein C levels measured. If a deficiency is documented, long-term @entity1229 anticoagulation therapy is recommended.

title: @entity7131 . A cause of unusual or unexplained XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['skin necrosis']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis', 'mesenteric venous thrombosis', 'Familial hypercoagulable']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein C deficiency', 'Protein C deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited deficiency']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin sodium', 'warfarin']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: The critically ill @entity1 in @entity712 continues to present an exceptional challenge concerning diagnostic procedures, monitoring and treatment. The European Society of Cardiology guidelines was the first to classify @entity1 in @entity712 into distinct clinical entities. Further management and choice of monitoring relies on this classification. Beside the obligatory monitoring (electrocardiography, respiratory rate, blood pressure, urine output, temperature) further components of a modular monitoring, as well as additional diagnostic procedures, must be implemented according to the @entity697 and severity of the @entity1 's condition. Measurement of cardiac output and arterial blood pressure are essential elements in an extended invasive monitoring. The pressure-based monitoring, which uses central venous pressure and pulmonary @entity432 as a surrogate for cardiac preload, should be replaced by a more volume-oriented monitoring. Moreover, new monitoring strategies should incorporate functional hemodynamic monitoring that evaluates the effects of treatment. Changes in volume and passive leg raising can be used to assess volume responsiveness. Changes in left ventricular output during spontaneous @entity1353 or even positive pressure ventilation may be helpful in differentiating the extent of @entity734 . The greater the increase in tidal volume for the same lung compliance, the greater is the transient decrease in venous return and the subsequent decrease in left ventricular output. Variations in systolic pressure or pulse pressure are reliable measures of preload responsiveness. More clinical validation of these measures must be done before they can become standard measures of monitoring @entity1 in @entity712 .

title: [Acute XXXX : diagnosis and monitoring].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['acute heart failure']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acuteness']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion pressure']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['volume dependency']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Post @entity302 is recurrent chronic @entity410 occurring after four weeks following @entity1545 . It commonly occurs after road traffic accidents thus making it a preventable cause of chronic @entity410 . The prevalence and pattern of this disorder is not known among Nigerian @entity1 with @entity302 . OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of and predisposing type of @entity542 to developing post @entity302 . METHODS: We studied 244 consecutive @entity1 with @entity302 attending the neurology clinic of a tertiary health facility in an urban Nigerian city by analyzing the details of their demographic and clinical data obtained with the aid of a structured questionnaire and from the Epilepsy Registry of a Neurology Unit between January and December 2006. RESULTS: Thirty-eight @entity1 with a mean age of 38.6 +/- 7.3 years (age range 15- 75 years) had @entity302 comprising 15.57% of all cases of @entity302 . Thirty-three (86.8%) had @entity6075 . Thirty-two (84.2%) of the @entity1 had positive history of @entity909 . Twenty two @entity1 (57.9%) sustained @entity542 from motor vehicle accidents. Majority of the @entity1 had secondarily generalized @entity410 (73.7% of the cases). Twenty-seven (71.4%) of the 38 @entity1 had @entity410 onset in the first year after @entity1545 . @entity13668 (19/38; 50%) was the most common abnormal CT finding. CONCLUSION: Post @entity302 contributes significantly to the number of @entity1 with @entity302 presenting to our neurology services. There is need to educate @entity1 on the usefulness of seat-belts and helmets while driving.

title: Profile of post- XXXX in Benin City, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity13668 :: ('MESH:D020204', 'Disease') :: ['Depressed skull fracture']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity6075 :: ('MESH:D016489', 'Disease') :: ['closed head injury']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic epilepsy', 'epilepsy', 'traumatic epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['traumatic epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2493 suppresses @entity0 cell proliferation by inhibiting the upregulation of @entity172 -induced @entity4910 via its G-protein-coupled receptor @entity4911 . Additionally, @entity2493 stimulates the expression of the @entity172 sulfotransferase, @entity4912 . However, metabolism of @entity2493 via 6-hydroxylation by @entity4187 /1A2 and subsequent sulfonation by @entity4913 /1A3 decreases its intracellular concentration. This could have a negative impact on its oncostatic action in @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In this pilot study, we performed immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of @entity4911 and @entity4910 in @entity0 specimens from 33 @entity1 . Also, we investigated the expression of @entity4187 /1A2, @entity4913 /1A3/1E1,and @entity4910 in @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and adjacent @entity5 ( @entity5 ) specimens from 10 representative @entity0 @entity1 using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: @entity4187 -mRNA-expression was found only in three @entity5 and in one @entity5 . @entity4914 mRNA was below the detection limit in all @entity1 . @entity4913 was observed only in two of the 10 @entity5 and one of the 10 @entity5 specimens. But, all 10 @entity5 and @entity5 samples showed high @entity4915 levels. @entity4910 mRNA levels were found in all 10 @entity5 and @entity5 specimens. Furthermore, IHC-staining of @entity4910 was observed in 27 of 33 @entity5 and correlated positively with @entity172 receptor positivity (p = 0.015). CONCLUSION: The low or even absent expression of @entity4187 or @entity4914 in @entity0 specimens suggested that @entity2493 might be involved in cell cycle arrest.

title: @entity2493 receptors, XXXX metabolizing enzymes and @entity4910 in @entity1 @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['NCANC', 'cancer', 'CANC', 'non-cancer']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin', 'Melatonin']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['melatonin']


abstract: Previous experiments suggest that experimental @entity5 -induced @entity448 is associated with @entity3263 and that daily injections of insulin may attenuate the @entity448 for several days. In the present study, we determined whether similar daily insulin treatments would correct @entity448 induced by the infusion of @entity10123 and compared this feeding response with that of insulin-treated @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity35 . Daily treatment of control and anorectic @entity5 @entity35 with systemically administered insulin for six days increased feeding in all control @entity35 and 40% of the @entity5 @entity35 . All insulin-treated groups exhibited equal degrees of @entity4053 irrespective of @entity448 . Basal concentrations of @entity880 and glucagon were elevated in saline-treated @entity5 @entity35 . Plasma @entity880 levels were normalized by insulin treatment, whereas glucagon was normalized only in the @entity5 @entity35 that fed to insulin and increased further in @entity5 @entity35 that did not feed to insulin. @entity1640 @entity669 was reduced in insulin-treated @entity5 @entity35 that ate, and @entity1130 was increased further when the @entity35 did not eat. Insulin also blocked @entity448 resulting from the intravenous infusion of @entity10123 . Hypothalamic concentrations of @entity669 and @entity2340 were increased by the @entity3265 infusion and reduced significantly in insulin-treated infused @entity35 . These results indicate that insulin treatment can reverse experimental @entity5 -induced @entity448 and @entity3263 -induced @entity448 . Neurochemical changes associated with these treatments are also similar, but not identical.

title: Insulin reverses @entity3265 -induced @entity448 and experimental @entity5 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['Elevated hypothalamic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'cancer', 'tumor-bearing']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1130 :: ('CHEBI:27823', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity10123 :: ('CHEBI:47704', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium salts']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity3263 :: ('MESH:D022124', 'Disease') :: ['hyperammonemia']

answer: @entity448 :: (MESH:D000855,Disease) :: ['anorexia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Treatment for an initial incidence of @entity8043 is usually conservative management; however, almost half of @entity1 experience a subsequent, or multiple, dislocation(s). @entity1 often undergo multiple procedures which fail to treat the underlying anatomic abnormalities. The objective of this study was to evaluate interactions between key predisposing anatomic factors to @entity8043 and identify combinations of abnormal factors which increase the risk of recurrent @entity3029 . Four factors associated with @entity8043 were identified (sulcus angle, Insall-Salvati ratio, tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distance, and femoral anteversion). A finite element model of the patellofemoral joint was developed and parameterized so that a value for each factor could be applied and the model geometry/alignment would be modified accordingly. 100 combinations of the four factors were generated in separate computational simulations and resulting kinematics and forces of the patellofemoral joint were recorded. Sulcus angle was the most impactful factor on constraint. Multiple abnormal factors were generally required to produce the extremes of patellar alignment observed in this analysis. Understanding the underlying anatomic factors, and their effect on joint mechanics, for @entity1 with recurrent @entity8043 will aid in determining optimal treatment pathways on a @entity1 -specific basis.    2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.

title: Computational analysis of factors contributing to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8043 :: ('MESH:D031222', 'Disease') :: ['lateral patellar dislocation', 'patellar dislocation']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['lateral dislocation']

answer: @entity8043 :: (MESH:D031222,Disease) :: ['patellar dislocation']


abstract: Relative cell survival and activity of the free radical scavenging enzymes @entity224 dismutase, @entity5533 , and @entity2041 peroxidase were @entity4361 ( @entity4361 ) and SV40-transformed (SVMEA) @entity19 embryo cells exposed at 44 degrees C for 0-3 h. At 37 degrees C, all three enzymes were 2-5 times higher in @entity4361 than in SVMEA. @entity221 did not significantly alter enzyme levels in either cell line but selectively reduced transformed cell survival to less than 5% while relative survival of normal cells remained above 75%. The latter, however, could be reduced to 25% when normal cells were pretreated with 3 mM @entity8584 , an inhibitor of @entity920 - and @entity219 -containing @entity224 dismutase. Similar treatment rendered SVMEA extremely thermosensitive. On the other hand, sublethal heat treatment (15 min at 45 degrees C) of cultured cells resulted in a relative thermal resistance upon subsequent exposure to 45 degrees C for 1-4 h. This induced thermotolerance was associated with a rise in antioxidant enzyme levels and both became significant only 4-6 h after the initial heat treatment. Induced enzyme and thermotolerance levels in transformed cells remained, nonetheless, far below those of normal cells. The data show that inherent (in @entity4361 ) as well as induced (in SVMEA) thermotolerance is associated with high antioxidant enzyme levels while the reverse is true in the case of inherent (in SVMEA) and induced (in @entity4361 ) thermosensitivity. These findings suggest that increased production of @entity26 free radicals may be involved in @entity131 , which then becomes a function of basal or inducible levels of antioxidant enzymes. Induction of the latter by @entity221 is apparently inefficient in transformed cells making them more vulnerable. Enzyme induction seems also to require a lag period of 4-6 h suggesting the possible involvement of an intermediate inducer(s) at molecular level. The so-called @entity1457 proteins may be candidates for such a role.

title: Antioxidant enzymes and survival of normal and simian virus 40-transformed @entity19 embryo cells after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermic cell injury']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity8584 :: ('MESH:D004050', 'Chemical') :: ['diethyldithiocarbamate']

entities_list: @entity4361 :: ('MESH:C537354', 'Disease') :: ['measured in cloned normal', 'MEA']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'Hyperthermia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Small, dense low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (sdLDL-C) has been linked to the progression of @entity65 . We compared two methods for determination of sdLDL-C, a direct enzymatic (ENZ) method and a @entity2975 tube gel electrophoresis (PGE) assay, and investigated the associations of both sdLDL-C measurements with @entity209 . METHODS: We analyzed 242 @entity1 sera for sdLDL and @entity731 -related markers. The PGE method separates the intermediate-density lipoprotein particles into three midbands (MID-A to MID-C) and the LDL particles into seven subfractions (LDL1 to LDL7); the sdLDL-PGE result is calculated as the sum of @entity165 concentrations from LDL3 to LDL7. RESULTS: The regression equation for sdLDL-C was [ENZmmol/L]=0.779[PGE]+0.67, r=0.713. ENZ showed higher sdLDL-C concentrations than PGE (0.86  0.33 vs. 0.24  0.32 mmol/L); however, the difference was not associated with sdLDL-C concentration (p=0.290). sdLDL-C, as measured with the enzymatic assay, exhibited significant positive correlations with very-low-density lipoprotein, MID-C, MID-B, and LDL2 (all p<0.001), considered atherogenic lipoproteins, but did not correlate with the less atherogenic lipoproteins MID-A and LDL1 (all p>0.600). The ENZ and PGE methods yielded similar patterns of correlation between sdLDL-C, and @entity731 -related markers. Using logistic regression, @entity755 were identified as significant predictors of @entity209 (p<0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The ENZ assay for sdLDL-C correlated well with the PGE method. The ENZ method measures a broader range of atherogenic lipoprotein particles than PGE and has the potential to identify subjects with vascular risk, thus contributing in directing specific interventions for cardiovascular prevention.

title: Comparison of a direct enzymatic assay and @entity2975 tube gel electrophoresis for measurement of small, dense low-density lipoprotein XXXX .

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['sdLDL-ENZ and apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']