abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible relationship between variation of coxsackievirus B3 (CoxB3) VP1 sequence from cerebrospinal fluid of @entity1 with severe and mild @entity4767 and damage to CNS in @entity1 from Shandong province. METHODS: The enteroviruses were detected using VP1 typing and sequencing primer for enteroviruses from 73 enterovirus-infected cases confirmed by detection of cerebrospinal fluid by enteroviruses common primer. VP1 sequences (450 @entity2036 ) were determined and analyzed for 21 CoxB3 enteroviruses strains isolated in Qingdao and Binzhou, and were compared with that of BLAST search procedures from GeneBank in NCBI. The variation of VP1 gene and @entity1522 sequence of CoxB3 enteroviruses was analyzed for severe and mild @entity4767 . RESULTS: The @entity377 homogeneity of these CoxB3 appeared to be 97% - 99%, however, the homogeneity among different genotypes were 83% - 76%. Replacement of @entity1160 by @entity3793 at @entity535 locus 856 of VP1 CoxB3 was found in 4 cases with severe @entity198 . There were different variation in VP1 @entity377 sequence of CoxB3 in 3 cases with mild @entity198 and 14 cases with @entity693 , but @entity1522 sequences had no regular variation. The modified Glasgow's @entity772 score was below 7 in all the 4 cases with severe @entity198 . Of these 4 cases, 3 had consciousness disturbance for less than 3 days. Lethargy, restlessness and @entity146 symptoms were major manifestations, of whom 3 also had @entity1282 , 1 had encephalatrophy obviously, Glasgow's @entity772 score was 3, deep @entity772 lasted for 9 days, and had concomitant fatal @entity302 attacks. Of these 4 cases, 2 completely recovered, 1 had high muscle tone, 1 remained under anti- @entity302 drug treatment at follow-up 6 months later. CONCLUSION: There were a small epidemic of CoxB3 @entity4767 in @entity1 in 2005 in this area. The @entity535 variation of CoxB3 VP1 possibly caused increased viral virulence and caused damage to CNS.

title: [Relationship between variation of coxsackievirus B3 VP1 sequence from cerebrospinal fluid of XXXX and severity of damage to central nervous system].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity4767 :: ('MESH:D002494', 'Disease') :: ['CNS infection', 'central nervous system (CNS) infection']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Although matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their specific inhibitors (TIMPs) play an essential role in @entity99 associated with tissue remodeling, the cellular origin of MMPs/ @entity1597 s within the liver remains to be clarified. METHODS: Different liver cell populations were analysed with respect to their expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Northern blot analysis and zymography. RESULTS: @entity11016 and @entity6930 coding transcripts were detectable in all liver cell types by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; however, the cellular expression levels were markedly different as assessed by Northern blot analysis. @entity6929 was predominantly expressed in Kupffer cells, @entity11017 in hepatic stellate cells and @entity35 liver myofibroblasts and stromelysins-1, -2 as well as collagenase in hepatic stellate cells. Membrane type-1 @entity11016 ( @entity11016 ) was found in significant amounts in all liver cells. @entity6930 coding m-RNAs were present mainly in hepatic stellate cells and @entity35 liver myofibroblasts, @entity11018 additionally in Kupffer cells, while @entity11019 expression was detectable only in hepatocytes. During in vitro activation of hepatic stellate cells, @entity11016 expression was mostly downregulated, while @entity6930 expression was enhanced, thereby providing an explanation for matrix accumulation co-localised with these cells during chronic @entity99 . In general, @entity1505 stimulated both @entity11016 and @entity6930 expression of hepatic stellate cells, while @entity1810 induced @entity6930 expression only. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively these data demonstrate that all resident liver cells are involved in matrix degradation to some extent and that hepatic stellate cells play an important role in matrix breakdown in addition to matrix synthesis. The cytokine-specific regulation of @entity11016 / @entity6930 expression in hepatic stellate cells suggests that the initial matrix breakdown following @entity99 might be enhanced by @entity1505 , while diminished matrix degradation during chronic tissue injury might be due to the action of @entity1810 through @entity6930 induction.

title: Expression patterns of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells of XXXX liver: regulation by @entity1505 and @entity1810 .

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e14544 Background: The Hedgehog pathway is critical for cell growth and differentiation. It is altered in @entity788 cells leading to ligand overexpression, which impacts both @entity5 and stromal cells in an autocrine and paracrine fashion. Hedgehog signaling may also be involved in the self-renewal of @entity5 stem cells, which are resistant to chemotherapy. @entity470 is overexpressed in many @entity788 , and has become an important target in @entity5 therapy. The purpose of this study was to examine the growth inhibitory and apoptotic effects of Hedgehog inhibition in combination with @entity470 inhibition and the chemotherapeutic agent @entity136 in @entity1 @entity788 cell lines. METHODS: Four @entity788 cell lines, BX-PC3, MIA-PACA2, Panc-1, and Capan-1, with varied sensitivities to @entity136 were studied. @entity5050 and @entity3866 were used to inhibit Hedgehog and @entity470 pathways, respectively. Growth inhibition was examined by the @entity98 colorimetric assay after 96 hrs of drug treatment, and the combination index (CI) method of median dose effect analysis was used to analyze the interaction between drugs. Apoptosis was evaluated by quantitating @entity522 activation, @entity8889 expression was analyzed by RT-PCR, and @entity5439 , @entity5439 +, @entity1759 +, @entity11707 + and ESA expression was assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Synergistic or additive interactions were observed using the novel combination of @entity5050 and @entity3866 in all cell lines studied. While @entity136 plus @entity3866 showed synergistic activity in the more highly proliferative MIA-PACA2 and Panc-1 cells lines, but not in the slower growing BxPC-3 and @entity1 cell lines. @entity5050 and @entity136 were antagonistic in all cell lines, and the addition of @entity3866 did not improve this finding. @entity136 alone induced apoptosis 9 to 36-fold, but no enhancement was seen using the drug combinations. The expression of @entity5439 decreased from 64% to 25.9% in Capan-1 using the combination of @entity5050 and @entity3866 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5050 and @entity3866 combination in @entity788 cell lines with high proliferation rate were synergistic. Animal studies do demonstrate this is warranted.

title: Combined hedgehog and @entity470 inhibition in pancreatic cell lines treated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5050 :: ('MESH:C000541', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclopamine', 'Cyclopamine']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: The impact of left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony on clinical outcomes in @entity1 with @entity215 ( @entity215 ) is unknown. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that @entity1002 assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-derived tissue tracking in @entity1 with repaired @entity215 is associated with @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) and @entity204 . Included @entity1 had repaired @entity215 and CMR data from 2000 and 2008. @entity1 (n = 13) had histories of @entity204 or sustained @entity1165 . Control subjects (n = 26), with no @entity204 or @entity1165 , were matched by age at CMR and type of last surgical procedure. Demographic, clinical, and electrocardiographic data were recorded. CMR short-axis cine data were analyzed by tracking the motion of the endocardial border using commercial software. @entity1002 was quantified as the maximum difference in time to peak radial displacement, circumferential strain, and radial strain among the 6 ventricular segments and the standard deviation of the times to peak value. There were no differences between groups in clinical, electrocardiographic, or demographic characteristics. Among CMR parameters, right ventricular volumes were higher and ejection fractions lower in the @entity1 group. Indexes of @entity1002 were higher in the @entity1 group (e.g., maximum time difference of circumferential strain 94 vs 46 ms, p <0.001; standard deviation of circumferential @entity4146 .8 vs 20.3 ms, p <0.01). In a multivariate model including LV synchrony variables, the best outcome discriminator was maximum time difference to peak circumferential strain (p <0.01). In conclusion, tissue tracking applied to CMR images identifies indexes of LV synchrony associated with @entity204 and @entity1165 in @entity1 with repaired @entity215 .

title: Relation of left ventricular dyssynchrony measured by cardiac magnetic resonance tissue tracking in repaired @entity215 to XXXX and @entity204 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dyssynchrony']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: @entity2227 is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the auditory system, but associations between glutamatergic neuronal populations and the distribution of their synaptic terminations have been difficult. Different subsets of glutamatergic terminals employ one of three vesicular @entity2227 transporters (VGLUT) to load synaptic vesicles. Recently, @entity3862 and @entity3863 terminals were found to have different patterns of organization in the inferior colliculus, suggesting that there are different types of glutamatergic neurons in the brainstem auditory system with projections to the colliculus. To positively identify VGLUT-expressing neurons as well as inhibitory neurons in the auditory brainstem, we used in situ hybridization to identify the mRNA for @entity3862 , @entity3863 , and @entity3864 (the vesicular inhibitory @entity535 transporter used by GABAergic and glycinergic terminals). Similar expression patterns were found in subsets of glutamatergic and inhibitory neurons in the auditory brainstem and thalamus of adult @entity35 and @entity19 . Four patterns of gene expression were seen in individual neurons. 1) @entity3863 expressed alone was the prevalent pattern. 2) @entity3862 coexpressed with @entity3863 was seen in scattered neurons in most nuclei but was common in the medial geniculate body and ventral cochlear nucleus. 3) @entity3862 expressed alone was found only in granule cells. 4) @entity3864 expression was common in most nuclei but dominated in some. These data show that the expression of the @entity3865 and @entity3864 genes can identify different subsets of auditory neurons. This may facilitate the identification of different components in auditory circuits.

title: Expression of XXXX and inhibitory @entity535 vesicular transporters in the rodent auditory brainstem.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Onset of myocardial relaxation is highly energy dependent. Perfusion and therefore energy substrate delivery are predominantly reduced in the @entity1562 in the early stages of progressive @entity63 . We hypothesized that delayed onset of subendocardial diastolic thinning will functionally identify regionally hypoperfused resting @entity1562 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Progressive left anterior descending @entity3979 was induced by an ameroid occluder and maintained for 1 or 2 weeks (end point) in 12 @entity235 . M-mode tissue Doppler images of the anterior apical and middle segments (testing region) and middle inferior segment (control region) were acquired selectively in the subendocardium and subepicardium. The time to the onset of thinning was measured with the use of tissue Doppler velocity (TOTv) and a thickness function (TOTt). At the end point in the testing region, myocardial flow was significantly lower in the subendocardial layer (P<0.05) in all animals, whereas viability staining showed preserved transmural viability in 10 @entity235 and thin @entity39 in 2 @entity235 . Both TOTv and TOTt were significantly (P<0.01) prolonged in the testing region. The mean difference between subendocardial and subepicardial TOTv values versus that in the control region identified the ischemic region, even when only @entity235 with hypoperfused but transmurally viable @entity1562 were considered (P<0.05). Systolic and diastolic myocardial velocities did not identify subendocardial hypoperfusion. CONCLUSIONS: In resting @entity1562 subtended to progressive @entity3979 , a delayed onset of subendocardial thinning suggests an early stage of hypoperfusion, before the development of local wall motion abnormalities.

title: Delayed onset of subendocardial diastolic thinning at rest identifies hypoperfused XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['subendocardial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis', 'coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium', 'subendocardial myocardium']

answer: @entity1562 :: (MESH:D017682,Disease) :: ['myocardium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify the predictive factors for the development of @entity1070 (EL-II) after @entity439 repair (EVAR). METHODS: We assessed the preoperative and postoperative computed tomography data of 308 @entity1 who underwent EVAR between 2000 and 2012 and in 84 of whom primary or secondary EL-II occurred. The data analyzed were: demographics, number and diameter of lumbar arteries (LAs), inferior mesenteric artery (IMA), @entity432 ( @entity432 ), accessory renal arteries (ARas), maximum diameter of infrarenal @entity1028 , diameter and length of proximal aortic neck. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata software (version 12). Categorical parameters were compared between groups using chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests as appropriate. Continuous variables were analyzed using Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney test as appropriate (normality studied by the Shapiro-Wilk and homoscedasticity verified using the Fisher-Snedecor test). RESULTS: Of the 308 @entity1 included (mean age, 73.8      8.74  years), 284 (92%) were @entity1 , 61 (20%) were smokers, 113 (37%) had @entity1030 , 215 (70%) were taking antiplatelet. Respectively, 13, 51, 60, 103, 28, 40, 2, and 7 @entity1 had 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 patent LAs. Before surgery, 221 IMAs and 136 @entity432 were patent. The sources of EL-II were: LA (n  =  51), IMA (n  =  22), @entity432 (n  =  1), IMA and LA (n  =  8), IMA and ARa (n  =  1), and unknown (n  =  1). @entity2357 models adjusting for clinically relevant covariables (age, American Society of Anesthesiologists, smoking status, @entity2299 , and diuretics) were proposed to study morphologic EL-II predictive factors, first in the entire population, and then in the more specific population for whom IMA was patent. Risk factors of occurrence EL-II were: permeability of the IMA (70 @entity1 [83%] vs. 155 [69%], P  =  0.01), IMA diameter (3.49  mm vs. 2.71  mm, P  <  0.001), number of LAs patent higher than or equal to 4 (P  <  0.001), the mean LA diameter greater than 2.4  mm (P  <  0.001), and @entity432 diameter (2.28  mm vs. 1.94  mm; P  <  0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show the major role of the number and diameter of the patent aortic  branches in the development of EL-II. As they can result in complications increasing the morbidity and mortality after EVAR, it is relevant to identify the risk factors of their occurrence.

title: Predictive Factors for XXXX after  Treatment of @entity1028 by @entity439 Repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['type II endoleaks']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['median sacral artery', 'MSA']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1070 :: (MESH:D057867,Disease) :: ['Type II Endoleaks']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The appearance and distribution of the intra-articular plicae of the hip have been addressed in few reports in the anatomic and radiological literature. This study aims to determine the prevalence of visible synovial hip plicae using MR arthrography and to measure the association of visible synovial hip plicae with MR arthrographic diagnosis of labral tears, @entity1743 , and @entity571 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Following institutional review board approval, 63 direct MR arthrographic examinations of the hip in 61 @entity1 with a clinical history of @entity158 were retrospectively reviewed by two experienced musculoskeletal radiologists in consensus. The following variables were measured using a binary system (0   =   absent; 1   =   present): labral plica, neck plica, ligamental plica, labral tear, @entity1743 , and @entity571 . The surgical reports and arthroscopic images of 10 @entity1 were reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed using the Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: In all 63 cases at least one plica was visualized on MR-arthrographic images. Labral, neck, and ligamental plicae were found with a prevalence of 76, 97, and 78%, respectively. There was no statistically significant association between the presence of labral tears, @entity1743 , and @entity571 among @entity1 with visible labral, neck, and ligamental plicae. The prevalence of labral tears, @entity1743 , and @entity571 in our @entity1 population was 79, 28, and 28%, respectively. The presence of intra-articular plicae was the only MR-arthrographic finding in 5 of our 63 symptomatic cases. CONCLUSION: Visible labral, neck, and/or ligamental plicae are highly prevalent on MR-arthrographic images of the hip performed in the setting of @entity158 . There was no statistically significant association between the presence of labral tears, @entity1743 , and @entity571 and visible labral, neck, and ligamental plicae.

title: Synovial plicae of the hip: evaluation using MR arthrography in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1743 :: ('MESH:D057925', 'Disease') :: ['femoroacetabular impingement']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['hip pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exposure to metal working fluid (MWF) has been associated with outbreaks of @entity7448 ( @entity7448 ) in the USA, with bacterial contamination of MWF being a possible cause, but is uncommon in the UK. Twelve workers developed @entity7448 in a car engine manufacturing plant in the UK, presenting clinically between December 2003 and May 2004. This paper reports the subsequent epidemiological investigation of the whole workforce. The study had three aims: (1) to measure the extent of the outbreak by identifying other workers who may have developed @entity7448 or other work-related @entity1576 ; (2) to provide case detection so that those affected could be treated; and (3) to provide epidemiological data to identify the cause of the outbreak. METHODS: The outbreak was investigated in a three-phase cross-sectional survey of the workforce. In phase I a respiratory screening questionnaire was completed by 808/836 workers (96.7%) in May 2004. In phase II 481 employees with at least one respiratory symptom on screening and 50 asymptomatic controls were invited for investigation at the factory in June 2004. This included a questionnaire, spirometry and clinical opinion. 454/481 (94.4%) responded and 48/50 (96%) controls. Workers were identified who needed further investigation and serial measurements of peak expiratory flow (PEF). In phase III 162 employees were seen at the Birmingham Occupational Lung Disease clinic. 198 employees returned PEF records, including 141 of the 162 who attended for clinical investigation. Case definitions for diagnoses were agreed. RESULTS: 87 workers (10.4% of the workforce) met case definitions for @entity358 , comprising @entity7448 (n = 19), occupational @entity565 (n = 74) and humidifier @entity221 (n = 7). 12 workers had more than one diagnosis. The peak onset of work-related breathlessness was Spring 2003. The proportion of workers affected was higher for those using MWF from a large sump (27.3%) than for those working all over the manufacturing area (7.9%) (OR = 4.39, p<0.001). Two workers had positive specific provocation tests to the used but not the unused MWF solution. CONCLUSIONS: Extensive investigation of the outbreak of @entity7448 detected a large number of affected workers, not only with @entity7448 but also occupational @entity565 . This is the largest reported outbreak in Europe. Mist from used MWF is the likely cause. In workplaces using MWF there is a need to carry out risk assessments, to monitor and maintain fluid quality, to control mist and to carry out respiratory health surveillance.

title: Clinical investigation of an outbreak of alveolitis and XXXX in a car engine manufacturing plant.

entities_list: @entity7448 :: ('MESH:D000542', 'Disease') :: ['EAA', 'extrinsic allergic alveolitis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['occupational lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adipose tissue transplantation has the benefit of providing both regenerative and aesthetic outcomes in @entity0 treatment. However, the transplanted tissue can stimulate the growth of @entity5 cells. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to identify the interactions between adipose tissue cell subpopulations and @entity1 @entity5 cell lines. METHODS: Intact adipose tissue from lipofilling procedures as well as fibroblasts derived from adipose tissue, were cocultured in the presence of MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 e ZR-75-1 @entity0 cell lines. The influence on @entity5 cell lines of fibroblasts, induced to differentiate into specific adipocytes, was also assayed. RESULTS: All @entity5 cell lines displayed a significant increase in proliferation rate when cocultured in the presence of either intact adipose tissue or induced adipocytes. To a lesser extent, uninduced fibroblasts stimulate @entity0 cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: Recent studies have shown that the microenvironment surrounding @entity0 cells may stimulate growth and promote progression of @entity5 cells when surgery is performed on the main @entity5 mass. Accordingly, the graft of adipose tissue could potentially promote or accelerate the development of a subclinical @entity5 or support its locoregional recurrence. Our data suggest that adipocytes have a remarkable influence on the proliferation of @entity5 cell lines. The oncological safety of the lipofilling procedure outcome is still debated; thus, further studies and consistent follow-up examination are needed.

title: Interaction Between XXXX Cells and Adipose Tissue Cells Derived from Fat Grafting.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'residual cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: @entity5 rarely occur after radiation therapy. Here, we report a rare case of @entity3271 arising after radiation therapy, in which genetic analysis was performed. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION: A 41-year-old @entity1 who had received radiation therapy for a @entity5 of the suprasellar and pineal regions 31 years previously, presented with @entity10 and progressive @entity1269 . Magnetic resonance (MR) images revealed a ring-enhanced @entity66 in the @entity75 . Total @entity5 was performed through left frontoparietal craniotomy, and the histologic diagnosis was @entity3271 . Using 23 microsatellite markers, the allelic status of chromosomes 1p, 10, 17p and 19q was evaluated by a PCR-based loss of heterozygosity (LOH) assay. Markers on chromosomes 1p, 17p and 19q revealed LOH, but none of the markers on chromosome 10 showed LOH. Based on the genetic analysis, this @entity5 was considered to be sensitive to chemotherapy. Two courses of chemotherapy, with @entity4174 , @entity4175 and @entity1891 , were performed. However, @entity5 recurrence was detected only 3 months after the surgery. Despite additional radiochemotherapy, the @entity5 aggressively increased in size and the @entity1 died with multiple recurrent @entity5 1 year after surgery. CONCLUSION: The @entity3271 presented in this report showed a more aggressive clinical course than was expected from the genetic analysis. The significance of 1p and 19q LOH in radiation-induced @entity5 might differ from that in spontaneous counterparts.

title: Loss of heterozygosity analysis in an XXXX arising after radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Oligodendroglial tumors', 'removal of the tumor', 'oligodendroglial tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['right hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['left frontal lobe']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity3271 :: (MESH:D009837,Disease) :: ['anaplastic oligodendroglioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity9464 comprises a triad of @entity11606 , @entity989 and multifocal @entity75 , which is characterised pathophysiologically by @entity455 . Diagnosis is confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and ophthalmological examination, which reveals @entity732 . @entity393 persists in 90 per cent of @entity1 . We present a case of successful hearing rehabilitation by cochlear implantation in a young @entity1 with this syndrome. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 36-year-old @entity1 presented with neurological symptoms suggestive of @entity198 . She subsequently developed vestibulocochlear symptoms. The diagnosis was confirmed upon magnetic resonance imaging and @entity941 angiography, which showed @entity732 . @entity393 was fluctuant but gradually progressive over nine months, to bilateral profound @entity1274 . INTERVENTION: A left cochlear implant was placed, with a good outcome. CONCLUSION: In this @entity9464 @entity1 , the outcome of cochlear implantation was encouraging, notwithstanding the possible involvement of retrocochlear pathways.

title: XXXX : outcome of unilateral cochlear implantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathy of the ear, retina and brain']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity11606 :: ('MESH:C536346', 'Disease') :: ['vestibulocochlear dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity9464 :: ('MESH:D055955', 'Disease') :: ['Susac syndrome']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['multiple peripheral retinal arterial occlusions', 'branch retinal artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['Hearing loss']

answer: @entity9464 :: (MESH:D055955,Disease) :: ['Susac syndrome']


abstract: Pulmonary gas exchange and the development of @entity891 were studied in eight essentially lung-healthy @entity1 , awake and during @entity1508 anaesthesia with mechanical ventilation. Gas exchange was evaluated by a multiple inert-gas elimination technique and conventional blood-gas analysis, and @entity891 was studied by computerized tomography (CT). Ventilation and lung perfusion were well matched in the majority of the @entity1 when awake. In two @entity1 there was low perfusion of poorly ventilated regions (low VA/Q). One @entity1 had a shunt corresponding to 4% of cardiac output. None of the @entity1 showed signs of @entity891 on the CT scans. After 15 min of anaesthesia, shunt had appeared in all @entity1 , ranging from 1% in two @entity1 (unchanged from the awake state) to 17%. The major VA/Q mode was widened and ventilation of poorly perfused regions (high VA/Q) was noted in seven @entity1 . Densities in dependent lung regions (interpreted as @entity891 ) were seen on the CT scans in six @entity1 . The extent of @entity891 was significantly correlated both to the magnitude of shunt (r = 0.93, P less than 0.01) and to the impairment of arterial oxygenation (r = 0.99, P less than 0.001). The findings indicate that @entity891 in dependent lung regions during @entity1508 anaesthesia creates shunting of blood flow and that @entity891 is the major or sole cause of @entity73 in the lung-healthy, anaesthetized subject.

title: Correlation of gas XXXX to development of @entity891 during anaesthesia and muscle paralysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired gas exchange']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['exchange impairment']


abstract: The @entity75 in @entity64 -prone spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRSP) are characterized by multifocal microvascular and spongy-cystic parenchymal alterations particularly in the gray matter. An essential feature of the lesions is the presence of @entity4 with massive extravasation of plasma constituents as evidenced by specific gravity measurements, Evans blue technique and immunohistochemistry. The nerve cell injury occurring in the @entity75 in SHRSP is further characterized by light and electron microscopy in the present study. Two types of neuronal changes were seen within the blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage sites. A small number of neurons with dark condensed nucleus and cytoplasm were found most often at the periphery of recent lesions. The majority of injured neurons were pale and showed intracellular @entity4 confined to the dendrites and perikarya sparing axons and synapses. Their nuclei were well preserved with finely dispersed @entity11407 . The swollen and watery cell processes of neurons and astrocytes gave a spongy appearance to the neuropil. The intracellular @entity4 seemed to result in cytolysis. The results suggest that primary @entity519 - @entity63 is not the major pathogenetic mechanism behind the nerve cell injury in severely @entity101 SHRSP, rather it is the massive BBB leakage and consequent @entity2657 that causes cytolytic destruction of neurons. Secondary focal @entity63 as a consequence of occlusion in microvessels may, however, contribute to the nerve cell destruction.

title: Nerve cell injury in the brain of @entity64 -prone spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To measure the changes in whole blood @entity844 levels in premature @entity1 and evaluate associations between these changes and neonatal morbidities. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study of 88 @entity1 born at <30 weeks' gestation. Serial @entity844 profiles during the first postnatal month and @entity1 outcomes, including @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), @entity989 , and late-onset @entity295 , were analyzed. @entity2357 modeling was applied to determine the association between @entity844 levels and neonatal morbidities. RESULTS: @entity4600 ( @entity4601 ) and @entity1426 levels declined rapidly in the first postnatal week, with a concomitant increase in @entity4722 levels. Decreased @entity4601 level was associated with an increased risk of @entity1030 (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.3-5.0). Decreased @entity1426 level was associated with an increased risk of late-onset @entity295 (hazard ratio, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.7). The balance of @entity1718 was also a predictor of @entity1030 and late-onset @entity295 . An increased @entity4722 : @entity4601 ratio was associated with an increased risk of @entity1030 (OR, 8.6; 95% CI, 1.4-53.1) and late-onset @entity295 (hazard ratio, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.5-14.1). CONCLUSION: Altered postnatal @entity844 levels in premature @entity1 are associated with an increased risk of @entity1030 and late-onset @entity295 .

title: Decreased postnatal docosahexaenoic and @entity1426 blood levels in premature XXXX are associated with neonatal morbidities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['Docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease', 'CLD']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Regression']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy of prematurity']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: @entity71 occur in connected discourse of @entity1 with @entity4943 ( @entity4943 ). We used principal components analysis (PCA) to characterise the sources of variation in word usage during picture description by controls and @entity4943 @entity1 . This data-driven approach allowed: comparison of the distance between individuals in the two-dimensional space; correlational analyses between principal component (PC) values and performance on other tests; identification of words whose variance contributed most to the definition of the PCs.Transcripts of Cookie Theft picture descriptions from 21 @entity1 with @entity4943 and 21 controls were used to generate frequencies of all word types (n = 557) across @entity1 . Frequency values of words with >= 10 occurrences (n= 81) were entered into a PCA. Values of emergent dimensions were correlated with performance on tests of single word meaning. The first PC accounted for 59% of the variance, the second for a further 10%. @entity1 and controls showed good separation within the resulting space. Factor loading scores indicated that control performance was characterised by function (factor 1) and content ( @entity8876 ) word usage, while @entity1 showed a greater tendency to use pronouns, deictic and generic words. Knowledge of single word meaning correlated with factor 1 but not with @entity8876 . Differences in word usage can differentiate connected speech of @entity4943 @entity1 from controls using a rapid, automated, data-driven algorithm. The distinction between groups, loadings on the two components, and their differential correlations with semantic tasks raise the possibility of independent differences in syntax and lexical content.

title: Abnormal discourse in XXXX : a data-driven approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'semantic dementia']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['Structural and content-related deficits']

answer: @entity4943 :: (MESH:D057180,Disease) :: ['semantic dementia']


abstract: This short review deals with the role of a recently found signalling molecule, @entity842 (NO), in inflammatory and immune responses. NO regulates inflammatory erythema and @entity4 and has cytotoxic action against micro-organisms. In some instances (such as @entity5721 ) NO has cytoprotective properties. Production of large amounts of NO by activated macrophages accounts for their ability to suppress lymphocyte proliferation. NO synthesis in lymphocytes is questionable but cytokines secreted by activated lymphocytes regulate NO synthesis by macrophages. Constitutive NO synthase is activated in neutrophils in response to inflammatory stimuli and NO has diverse, often biphasic effects on neutrophil functions. Increased concentrations of @entity3542 and @entity1507 (metabolites of NO) are present in @entity2720 . NO is synthesized not only by migrated inflammatory cells but also by articular chondrocytes and inflamed synovial membrane. In the inflamed joint, NO regulates the synthesis of several inflammatory mediators and functions of inflammatory cells. In addition, NO seems to mediate some destructive effects of proinflammatory cytokines such as @entity1192 . In conclusion, NO regulates several humoral and cellular responses in @entity32 , having both anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory properties depending on the type and phase of the inflammatory reaction.

title: @entity842 in XXXX and immune response.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthritic joints']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to compare the values of @entity26 uptake (VO2) during and after strength training exercises (STe) and ergometer exercises (Ee), matched for intensity and exercise time. Eight @entity1 (24    2.33 years) performed upper and lower body cycling Ee at the individual's ventilatory threshold (VE/VCO2). The STe session included half squats and the bench press which were performed with a load at the individual blood @entity880 concentration of 4 mmol/l. Both sessions lasted 30 minutes, alternating 50 seconds of effort with a 10 second transition time between upper and lower body work. The averaged overall VO2 between sessions was significantly higher for Ee (24.96    3.6 ml  kg  @entity1009 )) compared to STe (21.66    1.77 ml  kg  @entity1009 )) (p = 0.035), but this difference was only seen for the first 20 minutes of exercise. Absolute VO2 values between sessions did not reveal differences. There were more statistically greater values in Ee compared to STe, regarding VO2 of lower limbs (25.44    3.84 ml  kg  @entity1009 ) versus 21.83    2  24 ml  kg  @entity1009 ); p = 0.038) and upper limbs (24.49    3.84 ml  kg  @entity1009 ) versus 21.54    1.77 ml  kg  @entity1009 ); p = 0.047). There were further significant differences regarding the moment effect (p<0.0001) of both STe and Ee sessions. With respect to the moment * session effect, only VO2 5 minutes into recovery showed significant differences (p = 0.017). In conclusion, although significant increases in VO2 were seen following Ee compared to STe, it appears that the load/intensity, and not the material/equipment used for the execution of an exercise, are variables that best influence @entity26 uptake.

title: Comparison of XXXX uptake during and after the execution of resistance exercises and exercises performed on ergometers, matched for intensity.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity1583 that are highly proliferative and have high @entity5 burden are at high risk of developing @entity5052 and @entity5405 ( @entity5405 ), spontaneously and while undergoing chemotherapy. AIM: To assess the safety and efficacy of a new generic formulation of recombinant rasburicase in prevention and treatment of @entity5 -associated @entity5052 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: An open-label, multicenter, phase-III study was conducted on 100 eligible @entity1 with high risk for @entity5405 . Rasburicase was administered 0.2 mg/kg intravenously over 30 min, daily, for 4 days. The outcome measures were percentage of reduction in plasma @entity414 at 4 h after rasburicase, plasma @entity414 area under the curve (AUC)(0-96 h) and incidence of adverse events. RESULTS: Eighty eight @entity1 completed the study period of 10 days. After rasburicase administration, there was a 75.3    28.5% of reduction in plasma @entity414 at 4 h as compared to baseline. The plasma @entity414 AUC(0-96 h) was 259.9    215.5 mg/dL h. Safety of rasburicase was assessed on the basis of changes in vitals, hematological, and biochemical parameters from baseline to termination. Except for the plasma @entity414 level, there was no significant difference in any of the parameters. Mild to moderate adverse events were reported in 29 @entity1 . Three @entity1 had serious adverse events (SAEs) unrelated to rasburicase. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated that recombinant rasburicase that is indigenously developed is effective for prevention and management of @entity5052 in @entity1 who are at high risk of developing @entity5405 .

title: Efficacy of rasburicase (recombinant urate oxidase) in the prevention and treatment of @entity5 -associated XXXX : an Indian experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5405 :: ('MESH:D015275', 'Disease') :: ['TLS', 'tumor lysis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity5052 :: (MESH:D033461,Disease) :: ['hyperuricemia']


abstract: From 1976 to 1983, 682 @entity1 have undergone aortic reconstruction at Parkland Memorial Hospital and the Veterans Administration Hospital in Dallas, Texas. Thirty-five @entity1 (5.1%) had a biliary tract operation performed before, during, or after their aortic procedure. Fourteen percent of @entity1 had bacteria in the bile and 11.4% needed common bile duct exploration. Twelve @entity1 had their aortic reconstruction first. @entity788 developed postoperatively in one @entity1 . Two @entity1 who had infected prostheses removed had @entity7140 after operation and one had @entity1087 and fever 3 years after operation, but no @entity253 was found. Twenty-one @entity1 had the biliary procedure first. Four @entity1 were operated on for suspected @entity1756 an average of 18 months after operation. There was one true @entity397 ; this @entity1 had no @entity5990 . One @entity1 had acute aortic @entity715 10 days after emergency operation for acute @entity2679 . Only two @entity1 underwent combined operative procedures; both were @entity1 with acute aortic problems in whom chronic and subacute @entity253 was found. Eight operative @entity204 occurred, all in the @entity1 undergoing aortic procedures. There were no @entity1756 or acute biliary problems needing emergency operation in any @entity1 with @entity2963 . On the basis of our experience, we believe that concomitant cholecystectomy and aortic reconstructions rarely need to be performed and then only in those @entity1 in whom the risk of not treating both biliary and aortic conditions is greater than the operative risks. In these circumstances, cholecystostomy should be considered to decrease operative time and the risk of graft contamination.

title: XXXX and aortic reconstruction: the problem of simultaneous surgical therapy. Conclusions from a personal series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Biliary pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity7140 :: ('MESH:D042101', 'Disease') :: ['acalculous cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary disease']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms', 'aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity2963 :: (MESH:D002769,Disease) :: ['Cholelithiasis']


abstract: The identification and characterization of @entity5 antigens has facilitated the development of immune-based @entity5 prophylaxis and therapy. @entity5 vaccines, like viral vaccines, may be effective in @entity5 prevention. Adoptive T-cell therapy, in contrast, may be more efficacious for the eradication of existing @entity5 . Our group is examining the feasibility of antigen-specific adoptive T-cell therapy for the treatment of established @entity5 in the @entity1722 /neu model. @entity19 overexpressing @entity35 @entity1722 in mammary tissue develop @entity5 , histologically similar to @entity1 @entity1722 /neu-overexpressing @entity0 . These @entity19 can be effectively immunized against a challenge with @entity1722 -positive @entity5 cells. Adoptive transfer of @entity1722 -specific T cells into @entity5 -bearing @entity19 eradicates @entity5 . Effective T-cell therapy relies on optimization of the ex vivo expansion of antigen-specific T cells. Two important elements of ex vivo antigen-specific T-cell growth that have been identified are (1) the preexisting levels of antigen-specific T cells and (2) the cytokine milieu used during ex vivo expansion of the T cells. Phase I clinical trials of @entity1722 /neu-based peptide vaccination in @entity1 @entity5 @entity1 have demonstrated that increased levels of @entity1722 /neu-specific T-cells can be elicited after active immunization. Initiating cultures with greater numbers of antigen-specific T cells facilitates expansion. In addition, cytokines, such as interleukin-12, when added during ex vivo culturing along with @entity1199 can selectively expand antigen-specific T-cells. Interleukin-12 also enhances antigen-specific functional measurements such as interferon-gamma and @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha release. Refinements in ex vivo expansion techniques may greatly improve the feasibility of @entity5 -antigen T-cell-based therapy for the treatment of advanced-stage @entity1722 /neu-overexpressing breast @entity5 .

title: Expansion of XXXX /neu-specific T cells ex vivo following immunization with a @entity1722 peptide-based vaccine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Transgenic mice']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['HER2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe an outbreak of @entity10217 and the impact of @entity1215 chemoprophylaxis on secondary attack rates among Aboriginal @entity1 in central Australia. DESIGN: Prospective study of @entity1 admitted to hospital between September 1987 and May 1991. SETTING: The Alice Springs Health Region of the Northern Territory and the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Lands of South Australia, covering a population of 13,228 Aboriginal @entity1 . SUBJECTS: @entity1 admitted to the Alice Springs Hospital with clinical signs or autopsy findings of @entity7135 . Rifampicin chemoprophylaxis was given to close contacts of all cases. Mencevax AC vaccine was offered to @entity1 aged 1 to 15 years in the Region. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with @entity3631 , or a positive result of latex agglutination testing on CSF. Positive isolates were serogrouped. RESULTS: Seventy-seven cases of @entity7135 were diagnosed in Aboriginal @entity1 over four years compared with one to two cases per year previously; of these, 60 were definite, 7 probable and 10 suspected cases. Seventy-six subjects had @entity693 , of whom one also had the clinical features of @entity7135 ; one other subject had positive blood cultures with a mild @entity221 without features of @entity693 . The annual attack rate of @entity7135 in the Aboriginal population was 1.6/1000. The relative risk for secondary cases was estimated to be between 0.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.09-0.92) and 0.5 (95% CI, 0.15-1.53). The annual attack rate in the non-Aboriginal population was 0.04/1000. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemic closely resembled those in sub-Saharan Africa, and in socioeconomically marginalised groups in developed countries. The relative risk for secondary cases was lower than generally reported, and was attributed to chemoprophylaxis for close contacts and the mass vaccination program for @entity1 . Until there are major improvements in living conditions, @entity166 such as those transmitted by airborne droplets will continue to occur in Aboriginal communities.

title: XXXX in central Australia, 1987-1991.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness']

entities_list: @entity10217 :: ('MESH:D008585', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal disease', 'meningococcal septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']

answer: @entity10217 :: (MESH:D008585,Disease) :: ['Epidemic meningococcal meningitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An ideal topical formulation for wound therapy does not exist. The aim of this study was to develop a novel improved therapeutic option for the treatment of acute and chronic wounds. METHODS: A transparent wound gel which is in a liquid state below and in a gel state at or above room temperature was developed. Forty-four @entity1 were included in this open randomized controlled single-center study. @entity1217 served as control in the treatment of skin graft donor sites. Wounds were assessed for time of dressing change and overall satisfaction of @entity1 and health care providers. The data were analyzed using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: The wound gel proved to be superior in comparison with @entity1217 with respect to wound assessment (p = 0.002), staining (p = 0.007), leaking (p = 0.032) and smell (p = 0.034). @entity1217 showed favorable results regarding the parameters dehydration of the dressings (p = 0.012) and wound adherence (p = 0.005). The evaluation of the overall dressing change process showed no significant differences. CONCLUSION: The thermoreversible wound gel containing @entity25107 allows for @entity12168 and wound assessment. This study demonstrated a high satisfaction level of @entity1 and health care providers, and the wound gel proved an effective alternative to commonly used treatments.

title: Clinical safety and efficacy of a novel thermoreversible XXXX -preserved wound covering gel.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1217 :: ('MESH:D012837', 'Chemical') :: ['Flammazine']

entities_list: @entity12168 :: ('MESH:C562385', 'Disease') :: ['good handling']

entities_list: @entity25107 :: ('MESH:C012599', 'Chemical') :: ['polyhexanide']

answer: @entity25107 :: (MESH:C012599,Chemical) :: ['polyhexanide']


abstract: To further investigate the role of @entity175 (CT) in normal physiology we studied circulating forms and the secretion after " @entity460 clamp" in young and elderly healthy females. Heterogeneity of CT in serum was disclosed after immunoextraction, fast protein liquid chromatography, and radioimmunoassay in young (27 +/- 3 years; mean +/- SD, n = 6) and elderly females (69 +/- 6 years, n = 11). Three distinct molecular forms appeared with approximate mol wt of 30, 10, and 3-4 kDa. All young @entity1 studied had considerable amounts of circulating monomer-like CT whereas several elderly had undetectable or low levels. The influence of age on basal and @entity460 stimulated, immunoextracted CT in serum was also studied in young (26 +/- 4 years; mean +/- SD, n = 13) and elderly (63 +/- 6 years; n = 12) healthy females. The @entity460 stimulation was carried out by means of the standardized @entity460 clamp method, where @entity460 was kept on a presettled level at 1.45 mmol/liter (+/- 2%) for 60 minutes. CT was immunoextracted from serum in all series of experiments with a polyclonal antiserum directed against the mid- and carboxyterminal region of the CT molecule, and the amount of extracted CT was determined by radioimmunoassay using another polyclonal antiserum against the carboxyterminal portion. After @entity460 infusion, the increase in CT was significantly higher in young @entity1 than in elderly (P < 0.05). At basal conditions, the CT levels were not significantly different but slightly higher in young than in elderly females. In conclusion, several elderly @entity1 lack monomer-like @entity175 in serum in contrast to young @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Serum XXXX forms and concentrations in young and elderly healthy females.

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity175 :: (MESH:D002116,Chemical) :: ['calcitonin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop and pretest a decision-aid to help parents facing extreme @entity3465 during antenatal counseling regarding delivery room resuscitation. STUDY DESIGN: Semistructured interviews with 31 clinicians and with 30 parents of @entity1 born <26 weeks' gestation were conducted following standard methods of qualitative research. These characterized perceptions of prenatal counseling to identify information that parents value when making decisions regarding delivery room resuscitation. These parental needs were formatted into a decision-aid. We assessed the primary outcome of how effectively the decision-aid improved knowledge during a simulated counseling session. Two groups of @entity1 were studied: parents with a history of @entity3465 ("experienced") and healthy @entity1 without prior knowledge of @entity3465 ("na  ve"). RESULTS: Interviewees thought that visual formats to present survival and short- and long-term outcome information facilitated their own preparation, recall, and understanding. Accordingly, we designed a decision-aid as a set of cards with pictures and pictographs to show survival rates and complications. There was significant improvement in knowledge in 13 "experienced" parents (P = .04) and 11 "na  ve" @entity1 (P < .0001). @entity1 found the cards useful and easy to understand. CONCLUSIONS: A decision-aid for parents facing extreme @entity3465 may improve their understanding of complicated information during antenatal counseling.

title: Development and pretesting of a decision-aid to use when counseling parents facing imminent extreme XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['premature delivery', 'prematurity']

answer: @entity3465 :: (MESH:C536271,Disease) :: ['premature delivery']


abstract: AIMS: Deficits in behavioural inhibitory control are attracting increasing attention as a factor behind the development and maintenance of substance dependence. However, evidence for such a deficit is varied in the literature. Here, we synthesised published results to determine whether inhibitory ability is reliably impaired in substance users compared to controls. METHODS: The meta-analysis used fixed-effects models to integrate results from 97 studies that compared groups with heavy substance use or @entity988 -like behaviours with healthy control @entity1 on two experimental paradigms commonly used to assess response inhibition: the Go/ @entity14841 task, and the Stop-Signal Task (SST). The primary measures of interest were commission errors to @entity14841 stimuli and stop-signal reaction time in the SST. Additionally, we examined omission errors to Go stimuli, and reaction time in both tasks. Because inhibition is more difficult when inhibition is required infrequently, we considered papers with rare and equiprobable @entity14841 stimuli separately. RESULTS: Inhibitory deficits were apparent for heavy use/dependence on @entity2072 , @entity14842 , @entity888 , @entity286 , and @entity167 (and, to a lesser extent, non-dependent heavy drinkers), and in pathological gamblers. On the other hand, no evidence for an inhibitory deficit was observed for opioids or @entity835 , and contradictory evidence was observed for internet @entity988 . CONCLUSIONS: The results are generally consistent with the view that substance use disorders and @entity988 -like behavioural disorders are associated with impairments in inhibitory control. Implications for treatment of substance use are discussed, along with suggestions for future research arising from the limitations of the extant literature.

title: Deficits in behavioural inhibition in substance abuse and XXXX : A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['addiction']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

answer: @entity988 :: (MESH:D000437,Disease) :: ['addiction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity73 ( @entity73 ) is classically considered a transitional stage between normal aging and @entity303 . @entity2730 ( @entity2730 ) @entity1 , however, typically demonstrate @entity73 other than memory decline. Furthermore, as a group, @entity2730 have a lower rate of an eventual @entity303 diagnosis as compared to amnestic subtypes of @entity73 (aMCI). Unfortunately, studies investigating biomarker profiles of @entity2730 are scarce. The study objective was to investigate the regional brain @entity413 metabolism (rBGM) with @entity419 -PET and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in subjects with @entity2730 as compared to a control group (CG) and aMCI subjects. METHODS: Ninety-five @entity1 were included in three different groups: @entity2730 (N = 32), aMCI (N = 33) and CG (N = 30). @entity1 underwent brain MRI and @entity419 -PET. A subsample ( @entity2730 = 26, aMCI = 28) also had an assessment of amyloid-b, tau, and phosphorylated tau levels in the CSF. RESULTS: Both @entity73 groups had lower rBGM in relation to the CG in the precuneus. Subjects with @entity2730 showed decreased right prefrontal metabolism as well as higher levels of CSF amyloid-b relative to aMCI subjects. CONCLUSION: While amnestic @entity73 subjects showed a biomarker profile classically related to @entity73 due to @entity195 , @entity2730 @entity1 illustrated a decrease in both prefrontal hypometabolism and higher CSF amyloid-b levels relative to the aMCI group. These biomarker findings indicate that @entity2730 is probably a heterogeneous group with similar precuneus hypometabolism compared to aMCI, but additional frontal hypometabolism and less amyloid-b deposition in the brain. Clinical follow-up and reappraisal of biomarkers of the @entity2730 group is needed to determine the outcome and probable etiological diagnosis.

title: Brain metabolism and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers profile of non- @entity73 in comparison to XXXX and normal older subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Mild cognitive impairment', 'cognitive deficits', 'MCI']

entities_list: @entity2730 :: ('MESH:D000647', 'Disease') :: ['naMCI', 'Non-amnestic MCI']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['amnestic mild cognitive impairment']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Retinal @entity2478 complications are characterized by progressive exudation with consecutive intraretinal and subretinal leakage. A successful therapy without side-effects has not been found. We report a case of @entity2479 causing consecutive leakage with macular involvement. The @entity5 was treated with a combination of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) and was followed for 1 year. METHODS: A 44-year-old @entity1 with @entity2479 in the right eye experienced a decrease of visual acuity from 20/20 to 20/60 because of a severe leakage from the @entity5 involving the macula with lipid depositions. Two sessions of PDT (sparing the part of the haemangioma located within the optic disc) and five injections of bevacizumab were applied in a period of 5 months. Visual acuity, @entity227 , retinal thickness measurements, fundus photography and @entity941 angiography were performed to evaluate the treatment effect. RESULTS: One year after the last injection, visual acuity increased to 20/40. All lipid exudates at the posterior pole resolved. Retinal thickness decreased from 490 to 150 microm with the restoration of normal central macular architecture. Leakage in fluorescence angiography reduced significantly, but hyperfluorescence of the @entity5 was still evident. Visual field testing and angiography did not show any treatment-related vaso-occlusive side-effects. CONCLUSION: In this single case, the combination of anti- @entity7 and PDT appeared to be an effective strategy for the treatment of @entity2479 without side-effects. Further studies with a greater number of eyes and adequate follow-up are necessary to support these first clinical results.

title: Combined intravitreal anti- @entity7 (Avastin) and photodynamic therapy to treat XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field testing']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'anti-vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['capillary haemangioma']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal juxtapapillary capillary haemangioma']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity2479 :: (MESH:D012173,Disease) :: ['retinal juxtapapillary capillary haemangioma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objectives of the present study were to investigate the carbapenemase and metallo-beta-lactamase genes of @entity3064 clinical isolates by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real time PCR and to determine the molecular epidemiology of the strains using the DiversiLab tool. From these data, correlations between drug resistance, resistance genes, and epidemiological clones may be revealed. The study was conducted on 125 A. baumannii collected over the 2013 year. The majority of the isolates from both intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU cases originated from @entity281 (79.2%), isolates from blood infections accounted for 17.6% and 3.2% were from @entity693 . In the ICU cases compared with the non-ICU cases, bloodstream infections were more frequently diagnosed (19.2% vs. 11.5%). Sixty percent of A. baumannii strains were resistant to all the antimicrobials tested with the exception of @entity3273 . All strains were susceptible to @entity3273 and polymyxin B. Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains accounted for 80.8% of the isolates tested and these XDR strains were more frequently isolated from ICU cases than from non-ICU cases (93.9% vs. 30.8%). Among the 101 isolates of A. baumannii exhibiting the XDR pattern of resistance, 80 possessed the @entity18716 gene and 29 had the blaOXA-23 gene. Only two isolates possessed the blaVIM gene. The presence of the ISAba1element was confirmed among 10 strains from @entity1 hospitalized in the ICU. Using repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence PCR (DiversiLab typing), six clones and 12 unique strains were identified, of which two clones dominated. Most isolates belonging to clone 1 (66.7%) and clone 2 (85.5%) were susceptible only to @entity3273 . In summary, it is clear from our findings and those of other studies that @entity2893 resistance among A. baumannii strains presents a serious clinical problem worldwide. Furthermore, the presence of XDR international clone II in ICUs poses a potential risk for future outbreaks of A. baumannii @entity281 and controlling A. @entity281 in hospitals presents a serious challenge.

title: Molecular Epidemiology and Drug Resistance of XXXX Isolated from Hospitals in Southern Poland: ICU as a Risk Factor for XDR Strains.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3273 :: ('MESH:D003091', 'Chemical') :: ['colistin']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'baumannii infections', 'pneumonia infections']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Elevated serum CK levels often occur in everyday @entity146 clinical practice. Although the majority of cases are benign and temporary, it is important to recognize and treat these conditions. METHOD: Review of the literature and case reports. RESULTS: The authors discuss the etiology, the clinical significance and the management of elevated serum @entity908 -kinase levels in @entity146 in- @entity1 practice, focusing on antipsychotic-induced @entity5925 . The authors also compare the pathogenesis, the clinical features and the treatment of @entity3326 and @entity5925 . A brief, practical guideline is introduced, which may help clinicians in the differential diagnosis and in the management of @entity1 with elevated serum @entity908 kinase activity in emergent @entity146 practice. CONCLUSION: The most common etiologic factors (prescription drugs, @entity167 , physical reasons, cardiac etiology) and clinical syndromes ( @entity5925 , @entity3326 , @entity1187 ) should be considered, when elevated @entity908 kinase levels are encountered in @entity146 in- @entity1 . Routine @entity908 kinase measurements in asymptomatic patients on antipsychotic medications are not recommended, but @entity1 should be carefully followed for the development of @entity5925 , when muscular symptoms arise. Cautiously challenging @entity1 with another antipsychotic after an antipsychotic-induced @entity5925 is recommended to decrease the possibility of recurrence. Careful monitoring of symptoms and potential complications is critical in order to avoid devastating clinical consequences.

title: [Antipsychotics and @entity5925 . Differential diagnosis and clinical significance of elevated serum @entity908 kinase levels in XXXX practice].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3326 :: ('MESH:D009459', 'Disease') :: ['neuroleptic malignant syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Left ventricular (LV) remodeling after @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is characterized by myocyte @entity1184 and a disproportional capillary growth. We developed a hypothetical model of capillary remodeling mechanisms based on quantitative data of microcirculation determined by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques and histology. METHODS: Perfusion and regional capillary blood volume (RBV) were quantified 8 and 16 weeks after @entity583 (mean 27.0+/-2.9% of the left ventricle 16 weeks post @entity583 ) or sham operation in @entity35 using MR imaging and were correlated with morphometric data. RESULTS: Maximum perfusion (ml/(g min)) in the remote area decreased from 5.69+/-0.63 to 3.48+/-0.48 compared to sham animals (5.33+/-0.31, p</=0.01) and showed a close inverse relation to @entity1184 . In contrast, maximum RBV in the remote area was similar to that of sham animals (16.79+/-0.42% and 16.52+/-0.33%, respectively) and did not change over time. Thus, mean transit time (MTT) was longer in remote than in sham myocardium. Morphology revealed that @entity1184 was inversely related to capillary density which was associated with an increase in capillary cross-sections. CONCLUSIONS: Perfusion data in synopsis with histological observations demonstrate that the functional capillary length increases during @entity1184 post @entity583 which is consistent with the increase of the mean transit time. Despite a relative decrease in capillary density, RBV may be restored by an increase in the cross-sections. In the light of almost maximum @entity26 extraction under normal conditions, this @entity1184 related remodeling may be deleterious for tissue supply.

title: Functional mechanisms of myocardial microcirculation in left ventricular hypertrophy: a hypothetical model of capillary remodeling post XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Noncontrast computed tomographic scans (CT scans) may show a @entity9085 before a brainstem @entity1188 is visualized. This early sign should assist clinicians in confirming the diagnosis of basilar artery @entity715 . In a review of admission records of 750 @entity1 with @entity697 from July 1991 to June 1993, at Saint Louis University Hospital, 20 @entity1 were identified with clinical signs of nonlacunar, vertebrobasilar distribution @entity1188 . Eight of these had pontomesencephalic @entity63 . Their neuroimaging studies and medical records were evaluated. Four @entity1 with acute clinical signs of pontomesencephalic @entity1188 were found to have a @entity9085 on CT scans. The scans of 2 @entity1 were excluded because of dolichoectasia; in the other 2 @entity1 , the basilar artery appeared normal on the CT scan. The @entity9085 was detected within the early hours of @entity16 and often was the only detectable abnormality on the scan. In 3 @entity1 extensive @entity1188 subsequently developed and they died. Basilar artery @entity715 was confirmed by pathological study in all these @entity1 . In the fourth @entity1 basilar @entity432 and a large pontine @entity1188 were evident by magnetic resonance imaging and angiography. @entity9085 is a common feature on CT scans of @entity1 presenting with an early clinical diagnosis of @entity715 . Untreated, the hyperintense basilar artery often portends a poor prognosis. Its ready recognition should guide further interventional studies and treatment.

title: XXXX . An early computed tomography sign of @entity715 .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['A hyperdense basilar artery', 'hyperdense basilar artery']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem infarcts', 'infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity9085 :: (MESH:D014715,Disease) :: ['Hyperdense basilar artery']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity158 is a common distressing adverse effect in the early postoperative period following caesarean section. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect on @entity282 , analgesic requirement and haemodynamic profile of placing a suprafacial @entity1341 -soaked absorbable gelatin sponge in the caesarean section wound. METHODS: A total of 164 healthy @entity1 scheduled to undergo general anaesthesia for elective caesarean section were randomised to a study group (n=81) or a control group (n=83). In the study group, a @entity1341 -soaked absorbable gelatin sponge was placed subcutaneously in the caesarean section wound. Intramuscular @entity3522 75mg was given to all @entity1 at 8-h intervals during the first 24h. Postoperatively, @entity227 scores, requirement for @entity6882 and @entity3522 and changes in blood pressure and heart rate were compared between groups. RESULTS: @entity158 scores were lower in the study group compared to the control group at all assessments (P<0.001). During the first eight hours after surgery, fewer @entity1 in the study group required rescue @entity6882 compared with the control group (4 vs. 33, P<0.001). In the study group, total opioid and @entity3522 consumption was lower (P<0.001), and blood pressure and heart rate were lower (P<0.001) compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Suprafascial wound placement of a @entity1341 -soaked absorbable gelatin sponge improved postoperative analgesia and decreased opioid consumption following caesarean section.

title: XXXX -soaked absorbable gelatin sponges in caesarean section wounds: effect on @entity282 , analgesic requirement and haemodynamic profile.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual analogue scale pain']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['pethidine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['Bupivacaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7080 inhibitor (PPI) medications have been inconsistently shown to be associated with @entity3604 . We examined the association of PPI use with bone outcomes ( @entity174 , bone mineral density [BMD]). METHODS: This prospective analysis included 161 806 postmenopausal @entity1 50 to 79 years old, without history of @entity173 , enrolled in the @entity1 's Health Initiative (WHI) Observational Study and Clinical Trials with a mean (SD) follow-up of 7.8 (1.6) years. Analyses were conducted for 130 487 @entity1 with complete information. Medication information was taken directly from drug containers during in- @entity1 interviews (baseline, year 3). The main outcome measures were self-reported @entity174 (hip [adjudicated], clinical spine, forearm or wrist, and total @entity174 ) and for a subsample (3 densitometry sites), 3-year change in BMD. RESULTS: During 1 005 126 @entity1 -years of follow-up, 1500 @entity173 , 4881 forearm or wrist @entity174 , 2315 clinical spine @entity174 , and 21 247 total @entity174 occurred. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for current PPI use were 1.00 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71-1.40) for @entity173 , 1.47 (95% CI, 1.18-1.82) for clinical spine @entity174 , 1.26 (95% CI, 1.05-1.51) for forearm or wrist @entity174 , and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.15-1.36) for total @entity174 . The BMD measurements did not vary between PPI users and nonusers at baseline. Use of PPIs was associated with only a marginal effect on 3-year BMD change at the hip (P = .05) but not at other sites. CONCLUSION: Use of PPIs was not associated with @entity173 but was modestly associated with clinical spine, forearm or wrist, and total @entity174 .

title: @entity7080 inhibitor use, @entity173 , and change in bone mineral density in postmenopausal @entity1 : results from the XXXX 's Health Initiative.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'person']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: The malignant potential of @entity8619 was assessed on the basis of observations in 722 @entity1 found among 27,599 individuals examined in various epidemiologic studies in Kerala, Ernakulam district, India. Seven hundred and two @entity1 with @entity8619 were re-examined annually over a 10-year period with a mean observation period of 5.1 years. Most of the lesions (93%) were observed among @entity286 users. @entity189 developed in 3 (0.4%) @entity1 with @entity8619 . Clinically, all 3 had @entity3202 components in their lesions, and all were @entity286 users. The relative risk of a lichen planus developing @entity5 compared to a @entity286 user was estimated as 3.3. However, this relative risk was not significant. Histologically, 74% of the 94 biopsies from @entity8619 showed @entity194 . Two of the 3 in whom @entity5 developed also showed @entity194 . It is felt that @entity194 probably renders the mucosa more vulnerable to the carcinogenic action of @entity286 . Although this study could not confirm the precancerous nature of this disease with a high degree of certainty, the disease did not appear to be innocuous either.

title: Malignant potential of XXXX : observations in 722 @entity1 from India.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial atrophy']

entities_list: @entity8619 :: ('MESH:D017676', 'Disease') :: ['oral lichen planus']

answer: @entity8619 :: (MESH:D017676,Disease) :: ['oral lichen planus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of access-site closure devices in interventional cardiology has expanded rapidly in the past several years. Initial reports indicated remarkable safety with these devices but there are a small number of major complications. This single-center, retrospective study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of inadvertent occlusion or severe @entity850 of the femoral artery after deployment of the Angio-Seal closure device. From April 1995 to August 2009 a total of 8,587 Angio-Seal devices were deployed immediately after cardiac catheterization. Within 7 days after deployment, clinical signs of @entity432 or severe @entity850 of the femoral artery were evident in 6 @entity1 (0.07%). They were immediately referred for diagnostic angiography and subsequent PTA. Angiography revealed @entity432 at the puncture site level in 4 @entity1 and a severe @entity850 in 2 @entity1 . Using a cross-over access from the opposite groin, PTA of the closed or highly stenosed femoral artery was feasible in all cases. At routine follow up 12 months thereafter, there was no clinical evidence of symptomatic restenosis. Inadvertent occlusion or high-grade @entity850 of the femoral artery after Angio-Seal closure device deployment is a rare but severe complication. PTA appears to be a safe and effective method of treatment, avoiding surgical removal of the plug.

title: Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of inadvertent partial or complete XXXX caused by Angio-Seal deployment for puncture site closure after cardiac catheterization.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion of the femoral artery', 'acute arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['occlusion of the femoral artery']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The realization that the microbiota-gut-brain @entity2270 plays a critical role in health and disease, including @entity146 , is rapidly advancing. Nurturing a beneficial gut microbiome with prebiotics, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), is an appealing but underinvestigated microbiota manipulation. Here we tested whether chronic prebiotic treatment modifies behavior across domains relevant to @entity148 , @entity308 , cognition, stress response, and social behavior. METHODS: C57BL/6J male @entity19 were administered FOS, GOS, or a combination of FOS+GOS for 3 weeks prior to testing. Plasma @entity2819 , microbiota composition, and cecal short-chain @entity1718 were measured. In addition, FOS+GOS- or water-treated @entity19 were also exposed to chronic psychosocial stress, and behavior, immune, and microbiota parameters were assessed. RESULTS: Chronic prebiotic FOS+GOS treatment exhibited both antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. Moreover, the administration of GOS and the FOS+GOS combination reduced stress-induced @entity2819 release. Prebiotics modified specific gene expression in the hippocampus and @entity2339 . Regarding short-chain @entity844 concentrations, prebiotic administration increased cecal @entity598 and @entity4919 and reduced @entity18657 concentrations, changes that correlated significantly with the positive effects seen on behavior. Moreover, FOS+GOS reduced chronic stress-induced elevations in @entity2819 and proinflammatory cytokine levels and @entity308 -like and @entity148 -like behavior in addition to normalizing the effects of stress on the microbiota. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these data strongly suggest a beneficial role of prebiotic treatment for stress-related behaviors. These findings strengthen the evidence base supporting therapeutic targeting of the gut microbiota for brain-gut @entity74 , opening new avenues in the field of nutritional neuropsychopharmacology.

title: Targeting the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Prebiotics Have Anxiolytic and Antidepressant-like Effects and Reverse the Impact of Chronic Stress in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity4919 :: ('CHEBI:17272', 'Chemical') :: ['propionate']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['axis disorders']

entities_list: @entity18657 :: ('CHEBI:16135', 'Chemical') :: ['isobutyrate']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: Lesions of the lateral parabrachial nucleus ( @entity10037 ) disrupt acquisition of @entity4113 -induced conditioned taste avoidance. Animals with lesions in this area also fail to exhibit taste neophobia. This raises the possibility that an inability of @entity35 to recognize the taste solution as novel contributes to the deficit in taste avoidance learning. If this is the case, then one would expect conditioned taste avoidance not to be disrupted if the @entity10037 is functional during taste processing but not during @entity4113 processing. The first three experiments demonstrated that cooling was a viable method by which to temporarily inactivate the @entity10037 . Measurement of neural temperature during cooling indicated that the @entity10037 was cooled to temperatures that have been shown to block synaptic transmission but not axonal transmission. Cooling the @entity10037 itself induced a conditioned avoidance to a @entity969 solution but this avoidance was abolished by exposure to daily cooling for 1 week prior to acquisition. In experiment 4, all animals were preexposed to @entity10037 cooling for 1 week. Those @entity35 that received cooling lesions during a period that started immediately after @entity969 solution consumption and extended through the peak effectiveness of @entity4113 failed to acquire a taste avoidance. These results fail to support the hypothesis that the deficit in taste avoidance learning after permanent lesions of the @entity10037 is due to an inability of lesioned animals to recognize the taste as novel. They are consistent with the hypothesis that this neural area processes ascending information about @entity4113 .

title: Cooling lesions of the lateral parabrachial nucleus during @entity4113 activation block acquisition of conditioned taste avoidance in male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: To assess a possible role of @entity2918 in the early phase of @entity900 -induced abnormalities in renal concentrating ability, three groups of @entity35 were studied. In a first group we measured @entity3009 production from renal medullary microsomes isolated from @entity35 sacrificed at different time periods after @entity900 , 5 mg/kg alone (PB/ @entity2723 ) or @entity900 plus @entity117 , 300 mg/kg p.o., 1 h before @entity900 and daily (ASA/ @entity2723 ). In a second group of @entity35 , balance studies were performed in PB/ @entity2723 and ASA/ @entity2723 animals for 4 days after @entity900 to determine the effect of such treatment on the renal excretion of solute and water. In another group of @entity35 inulin clearance was measured in PB/ @entity2723 and ASA/ @entity2723 animals 4 days after such treatment. The @entity35 received @entity117 or @entity1391 buffer alone (50 mg/ml @entity10457 , pH 8) to determine the effect of such treatment on prostaglandin production and renal function. In PB/ @entity2723 Uosm fell and prostaglandin synthesis increased on days 1-3. Prostaglandin synthesis returned to baseline values by day 4, but Uosm remained low. Inulin clearance was low 4 days after @entity900 . In ASA/ @entity2723 @entity35 prostaglandin synthesis did not increase and the early @entity2011 was ameliorated. @entity117 did not prevent the later @entity2011 . Inulin clearance in the ASA/ @entity2723 group was markedly reduced to levels below those observed with @entity900 alone. These data demonstrate that elevated rates of prostaglandin synthesis occur early in the course of @entity900 -induced @entity177 and suggest that @entity2918 may play a role in the early @entity900 -induced concentrating defect.

title: The role of @entity2918 in early @entity2011 induced by @entity900 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity10457 :: ('MESH:C018279', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium phosphate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity35 with artificial @entity9279 of one ureter develop @entity1931 in the ipsilateral oblique musculature as evidenced by decreased vocalization threshold to electrical muscle stimulation lasting over a week. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect on this @entity1931 of spasmolytic anticholinergic and/or non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, common therapies for @entity158 in @entity1 . @entity35 implanted with a unilateral ureteral stone were treated for 10 days with: (1) saline; (2) @entity10444 (15 mg/kg/day i.p.); (3) @entity7988 (15 mg/kg/day); or (4) @entity10444 + @entity7988 (15 + 15 mg/kg/day). Oblique muscle vocalization thresholds were measured daily for 3 days before and 10 days after operation. Ipsilateral thresholds decreased significantly after stone implantation on: (1) seven days (max. 32%) for saline; (2) one day (max. 20%) for @entity10444 ; (3) one day (max. 18%) for @entity7988 , but did not change significantly for @entity10444 + @entity7988 . These results indicate a protective effect against @entity1931 of ureteral origin by spasmolytic and antiinflammatory drugs, maximal when the two treatments are combined.

title: Effects of spasmolytic and/or non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs on XXXX of ureteral origin in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'muscle hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity10444 :: ('MESH:D002086', 'Chemical') :: ['hyoscine-N-butylbromide']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['colic pain']

entities_list: @entity9279 :: ('MESH:D020347', 'Disease') :: ['calculosis']

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['muscle hyperalgesia']


abstract: Excision of the lunate and subsequent replacement with a tendon implant was performed in 22 @entity1 with Kienb  ck's disease between 1971 and 1985. This procedure was indicated mainly for those with advanced Kienb  ck's disease, i.e., stage III or IV according to the Lichtman classification. After the collapsed lunate is removed, a @entity924 implant, made of the palmaris @entity924 is placed in the resultant space in the carpus. A forearm distractor is applied during the operation, and distraction is continued for 4 weeks postoperatively. We report the long-term results in 15 @entity1 , whose average follow-up period was 16 years and 3 months. One @entity1 with @entity281 was excluded from the study because the implanted tendon was removed 2 weeks after the operation, and 6 @entity1 were lost to follow-up. All @entity1 were free of @entity158 after the surgery. The flexion-extension range of the wrist increased by 14.2 degrees, on average, after the surgery. The average grip power of the operated hand was 90.2% of that in the non-operated hand. @entity730 were frequent in the implanted tendons a few months postoperatively. The average carpal height ratio (defined as carpal height/length of the third metacarpal) was 0.53 before the operation and 0.49 at the time of follow-up. According to Dornan's classification of clinical results, 9 of the 15 @entity1 were classified as having excellent results and 6 as good.

title: An operative procedure for advanced Kienb  ck's disease. Excision of the lunate and subsequent replacement with a XXXX implant.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['longus and plantaris tendons', 'tendon-ball']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['Calcification and ossification']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['tendon-ball']


abstract: The appropriate therapy for continued @entity548 despite sclerotherapy remains controversial. This study evaluates a devascularization procedure performed without the risks of major surgery and general anesthesia. Fifty consecutive @entity1 , each with an endoscopically proven @entity548 that was uncontrollable with sclerotherapy, were treated with minimally invasive devascularization. The procedure was performed in three stages. First, the portal pressure was sharply reduced by angiographic embolization of the midsplenic artery. Then the esophagogastric variceal network was thrombosed by means of a catheter introduced during laparotomy, which created a portoazygos disconnection. Finally, the left gastric and left gastroepiploic arteries were embolized, which completed devascularization of the proximal stomach. According to the @entity1 classification, 16 @entity1 were in class B and 34 were in class C. All @entity1 's class B @entity1 (16/16) and 71% (24/34) of @entity1 's class C @entity1 survived hospitalization. One-year survival was 94% (15/16) for @entity1 's class B and 62% (21/34) for @entity1 's class C @entity1 . Rebleeding occurred in 63% (25/40) of the discharged @entity1 but caused the death of only seven. In conclusion, the 20% initial hospital mortality for these difficult @entity1 was significantly better than that reported for emergency surgery, and the rate of rebleeding was comparable to that seen with other nonshunting therapies.

title: Minimally invasive devascularization for variceal XXXX that could not be controlled with sclerotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Child']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'variceal hemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']