abstract: Gene 4 of @entity7683 encodes two proteins, a 63-kDa protein and a colinear 56-kDa protein, that are essential for synthesis of leading and lagging strands during DNA replication. The gene 4 proteins together catalyze the synthesis of oligoribonucleotides, pppACC(C/A) or pppACAC, at the single-stranded DNA sequences 3'-CTGG( @entity13285 )-5' or 3'-CTGTG-5', respectively. Purified 56-kDa protein has @entity54489 activity, but no primase activity. In order to study 63-kDa gene 4 protein free of 56-kDa gene 4 protein, mutations were introduced into the internal ribosome-binding site responsible for the translation of the 56-kDa protein. The 63-kDa gene 4 protein was purified 16,000-fold from @entity526 cells harboring an expression vector containing the mutated gene 4. Purified 63-kDa gene 4 protein has primase, @entity54489 , and single-stranded DNA-dependent dTTPase activities. The constraints of primase recognition sequences, @entity377 substrate requirements, and the effects of additional proteins on oligoribonucleotide synthesis by the 63-kDa gene 4 protein have been examined using templates of defined sequence. A three-base sequence, 3'-CTG-5', is necessary and sufficient to support the synthesis of pppAC dimers. @entity16789 hydrolysis is essential for oligoribonucleotide synthesis. Addition of a 7-fold molar excess of 56-kDa gene 4 protein to 63-kDa protein increases the number of oligoribonucleotides synthesized by 63-kDa protein 100-fold. The increase in oligonucleotides results predominantly from an increase in the synthesis of tetramers, with relatively little change in the synthesis of dimers and trimers. The presence of 56-kDa protein also causes 63-kDa protein to synthesize "pseudo-templated" pppACCCC pentamers at the recognition sequence 3'-CTGGG-5'. @entity7683 gene 2.5 protein, a single-stranded DNA binding protein, increases the total number of oligoribonucleotides synthesized by 63-kDa gene 4 protein on single-stranded M13 DNA, but has no effect on the ratio of dimers to trimers and tetramers.

title: Requirements for primer synthesis by @entity7683 63-kDa gene 4 protein. Roles of template sequence and XXXX 56-kDa gene 4 protein.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity7683 :: (10760,Species) :: ['T7']


abstract: This retrospective study analyses the fate and associated risk factors of 99 @entity1 who underwent laparotomy for @entity99 from 1977 to 1986. @entity130 (88 @entity1 ) and stab wounds (7 @entity1 ) had mortality rates of 36 and 14 per cent respectively. The overall death rate was 35 per cent. @entity1230 @entity1 had a significantly higher mortality for each additional system that was seriously injured. Pre-operative shock raised the mortality from 20 to 58 per cent (P less than 0.001). For @entity1 over 50 years of age, the mortality rate increased from 30 (younger @entity1 ) to 63 per cent (P = 0.028). Minor @entity99 required relatively simple surgical measures in 60 @entity1 , yet 13 died (22 per cent) of other causes. More sophisticated surgical management was applied to 27 major @entity99 , with 10 deaths (37 per cent). Twelve @entity1 (seven with minor and five with major @entity99 ) died before surgical treatment of the @entity99 could be undertaken. The overall mortality rate of major @entity99 was 47 per cent and for minor wounds 30 per cent. However, the difference was not significant (P = 0.152). Resection was resorted to in 15 @entity1 , 5 of whom subsequently died (33 per cent). Classical hepatic lobectomy led to 4 deaths (50 per cent). Among the 35 deaths, 6 were due to the @entity99 itself (5 exsanguinations and 1 intra-abdominal sepsis). Isolated @entity99 was fatal in three @entity1 . We believe that conservative surgical measures should be used whenever possible in @entity1 with @entity99 , especially when risk factors are encountered.

title: XXXX : risk factors influencing outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury', 'hepatic lesions', 'hepatic wounds', 'liver injury', 'hepatic trauma']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple trauma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Blunt trauma']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Hepatic trauma']


abstract: Histological analysis of @entity1566 in experimental animals has focused primarily on the microanatomy of damaged tissue. The current study presents an analysis of the three-dimensional structure of lesion sites in the spinal cord of @entity35 contused with an injury device which produces consistent lesions. Three levels of injury were produced by systematically varying the cord displacement and the duration of the displacement during impact. The resulting groups of subjects exhibited mild, moderate, and severe @entity51 . Comparisons of equivalent mild impacts made at thoracic versus lumbar spinal cord levels were also made. The results indicate that the overall shape of the lesions is generally biconical, with extensions in the base of the dorsal funiculus, irrespective of the degree of damage or the spinal level of the injury. Lower @entity130 yielded @entity75 rostrocaudally with less spread into the white matter. Similar impacts in the lumbar versus thoracic spinal cord produced shorter, more truncated lesion sites at lumbar levels with less involvement of the white matter than in the @entity1514 . Three-dimensional analyses can can provide additional information about the lesion beyond that available from conventional histopathological measures. Such information could be useful in assessing the results of posttraumatic manipulations which are directed at reducing tissue damage or tissue replacement via transplantation.

title: Three-dimensional computer-assisted analysis of graded contusion lesions in the spinal cord of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['shorter lesions']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic lesions']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['displacement injuries']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of this randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to evaluate whether @entity51 could be prevented with low-dose @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) as an adjunct to carotid endarterectomy. METHODS: A total of 232 @entity1 were randomized to two groups, 75 mg/d @entity1281 starting preoperatively and continued for 6 months (n = 117) or placebo (identical tablets) (n = 115). The @entity1 were followed up regularly for 1 year. RESULTS: The groups were well matched regarding laboratory data and indication for operation. The number of @entity1 with intraoperative or @entity64 without complete recovery within 1 week were 0 and 2 at 30 days and 6 months, respectively, in the @entity1281 group, compared with 7 and 11 in the placebo group (P = .01). Including all neurological events within 6 months, this was found in 15 @entity1 in the @entity1281 group compared with 24 in the placebo group (P = .12). Mortality was 0.8% and 3.4% at 30 days and 6 months, respectively, in the @entity1281 group. In the placebo group, the corresponding figures were 4.3% and 6.0%, respectively (P = .12). The @entity954 did not differ between the groups nor did the number of reoperations due to @entity548 or other complications related to pharmacology. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that low-dose @entity1281 (75 mg/d) reduces the number of @entity64 without complete recovery within 1 week. Overall neurological events are insignificantly reduced, as also mortality. The use of low-dose @entity1281 (75 mg) seems safe and effective in reducing cerebrovascular events after carotid endarterectomy.

title: Does low-dose @entity117 prevent XXXX after carotid surgery? A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative stroke', 'postoperative strokes']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine if it is possible to exclude @entity8 using diuresis renography in the first 6 weeks of life (the period of physiological @entity8 ), thus avoiding unnecessary invasive procedures, such as the Whitaker test or surgery. Diuresis renography with 123I-hippuran was performed in 27 @entity1 aged less than 6 weeks and in 50 older @entity1 who acted as a reference group (age 6 weeks to 1 year, n = 28; age 1-10 years, n = 22). All 27 @entity1 had significant dilatation of the pelvicalyceal system on ultrasonography. Renal curves were evaluated by mathematical curve characteristics (split renal function, counts, T-max, etc.) as the visual grade of obstruction. Whole-kidney regions of interest were defined on images summed over 30 min; renal parenchyma on images summed over 5 min. The renal curves of 18/27 @entity1 indicated tracer accumulation and led to @entity1483 administration. Only two @entity1 showed no significant response to @entity1483 and had to be further investigated by the Whitaker test. The frequency of kidneys with no response to @entity1483 revealed no significant differences in the three groups. Whole-kidney evaluation resulted in an overestimation of obstruction in 9/150 kidneys, which matches the lower correlation to the DMSA separation values for this method of evaluation. In contrast with the literature, significant post- @entity8 can be excluded by diuresis renography in most cases in spite of @entity8 and can help to avoid invasive procedures.

title: Value of diuresis renography in the post-natal period of assumed physiological XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal immaturity', 'renal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['frusemide']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal immaturity']


abstract: The @entity22520 ( @entity22520 ) protein is an abundant non-histone component of chromatin well known for its two DNA binding domains, HMG box A and HMG box B. The main characteristics of the @entity22520 protein as an 'architectural' factor are its ability to recognize and bind with high affinity to distorted DNA and its ability to induce kinks in linear DNA fragments. The @entity22520 protein has been correlated to @entity5 progression. An elevated expression of @entity22520 occurred in certain types of @entity5 , including @entity320 and @entity0 , and in the majority of cases @entity22520 is associated with invasion and @entity3 . The main signaling pathway is activated through the interaction of @entity22520 with its Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products ( @entity16173 ). Certain data indicate that an elevated expression of @entity16173 and @entity22520 is not always a prerequisite of poor prognosis of @entity5 development. The cellular localization of the ligand/receptor pair also requires consideration. The data concerning the expression of @entity22520 protein and its receptor @entity16173 in various tissues and @entity5 cells reflect the overall production of the proteins. However, they do not refer to their cellular localization and there is no direct evidence for the formation of a stable complex between them. In the present study, we investigated the subcellular distribution of @entity22520 and its receptor @entity16173 in various @entity35 organs compared to Guerin @entity5 cells. In the normal tissues the proteins exist in their soluble form, whereas in the @entity5 cells they are insoluble and membrane-bound. @entity22520 forms a stable complex with @entity16173 only in the protein extract derived from the @entity5 cells predominantly in the membrane fraction.

title: High mobility group B1 protein interacts with its receptor XXXX in @entity5 cells but not in normal tissues.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['colon, prostate, pancreatic and breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'ascites tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity16173 :: (81722(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['RAGE']


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and prognostic factors of definitive radiochemotherapy (RCT) for inoperable @entity418 . Between 1995 and 2005 all @entity1 with inoperable @entity418 that underwent concurrent RCT were included in this retrospective study. Conventional computed tomography-based treatment planning as well as 3D-conformal radiotherapy (RT) was used. Maximum radiotherapy dose was 63 Gy. Chemotherapy consisted of @entity900 (20 mg/m(2) d1-5 and 29-33) and @entity1487 (650-1000 mg/m(2) d1-5 and 29-33). @entity1 not suitable for RCT received radiotherapy alone. @entity137 was measured according to common @entity137 criteria (CTC). Two hundred three consecutive @entity1 with inoperable @entity418 that received definitive therapy were identified in this time period (160 with @entity957 and 43 with @entity420 ). The 2-year overall survival probability was 21.2% whereas the progression-free survival at 2 years was 13.8% for all @entity1 . In the univariate analysis, type of histology, @entity5 , N-stage, application of chemotherapy, and the radiation dose were significantly correlated with overall/progression-free survival. Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed an independent prognostic impact for N-stage, radiation dose, and concurrent chemotherapy. Definitive RCT is an important palliative treatment option for @entity1 with inoperable @entity418 . N-stage, radiation dose, and concurrent chemotherapy are important prognostic factors for survival.

title: Prognostic factors in definitive radiochemotherapy of advanced inoperable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We present the study of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of @entity17427 in our population. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this study we present the analysis of 13 cases of @entity17427 identified among 24,696 @entity1 with @entity154 registered by the Spanish Collaborative Study of @entity600 (ECEMC) between April 1976 and June 1996. RESULTS: The minimum estimation of the prevalence in our population is 0.97 per 100,000 live births. We have epidemiologically confirmed the presence of @entity1592 and have observed that parental ages tend to be relatively young. We have observed a wide range of clinical expression of this syndrome. One hundred percent of our cases have limb reduction defects, followed in frequency by craniofacial alterations (84.62%), abnormal hair distribution (76.92%) and genital defects (69.23%). Upper limbs are predominantly affected and one case of @entity2914 is worth mentioning. We underline the importance of the differential diagnosis with @entity18420 . CONCLUSIONS: The cases studied correspond to the most severe form of the syndrome, reason for which the prevalence is a minimal estimate. However, the mild forms of the syndrome are more frequent and it is important to consider that the face, especially the form of the eyebrow, could be a good guide for the diagnosis of mild forms of the syndrome.

title: [ XXXX in our population: clinical and epidemiological characteristics].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defects']

entities_list: @entity17427 :: ('MESH:D003635', 'Disease') :: ['Brachmann-de Lange syndrome']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital Malformations']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic hernia']

entities_list: @entity18420 :: ('MESH:C538070', 'Disease') :: ["Fryns'syndrome"]

answer: @entity17427 :: (MESH:D003635,Disease) :: ['Brachmann-de-Lange syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative pancreatoscopy with the ultrathin pancreatoscope for the main pancreatic lesions of @entity3558 -producing @entity5 of the pancreas (MPT). DESIGN: Prospective diagnostic test study with a criterion standard of pathologic examination and masked comparison. SETTING: A university hospital. @entity1 : Twenty-four consecutive @entity1 with MPT referred for surgery in whom endoscopic retrograde pancreatography, endoscopic ultrasonography, and computed tomography had been performed as a diagnostic examination. All @entity1 underwent surgery and the diagnosis was confirmed by pathologic examination. INTERVENTION: Intraoperative pancreatoscopy was performed with the ultrathin pancreatoscope. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Findings of intraoperative pancreatoscopy, endoscopic retrograde pancreatography, and endoscopic ultrasonography were confirmed by pathologic examination of resected specimens. The diagnostic accuracy of these 3 modalities in detection of @entity75 in the main pancreatic duct was compared. RESULTS: The diagnostic criterion of @entity75 in the main pancreatic duct by intraoperative pancreatoscopy was a granular and papillary mural nodule. An @entity75 in the main pancreatic duct was found in 17 of 24 cases. Intraoperative pancreatoscopy detected 10 cases of @entity75 that could not be detected by endoscopic ultrasonography or endoscopic retrograde pancreatography. Five of 10 cases were @entity75 . In 3 of these 5, additional pancreatic resection was performed. For diagnosis of @entity75 , the sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of intraoperative pancreatoscopy were all 100%; respective values were 43.8%, 100%, and 60.9% for endoscopic retrograde pancreatography and 47%, 100%, and 62.5% for endoscopic ultrasonography. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative pancreatoscopy is safe and effective in diagnosing the intrapancreatic duct extension and multicentric lesions of MPT. It provides important information for operative strategy and contributes to successful pancreatic surgery.

title: Intraoperative pancreatoscopy with the ultrathin pancreatoscope for @entity3558 -producing XXXX of the pancreas.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal multicentric lesions', 'MPT lesion', 'intraductal MPT lesions', 'MPT lesions']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: Kinase cascades and the modification of proteins by phosphorylation are major mechanisms for cell signaling and communication, and evolution of these signaling pathways can contribute to new developmental or environmental response pathways. The @entity375 kinase @entity39539 has been well characterized for its role in meiosis. However, recent studies have revealed alternative functions for @entity39539 in both @entity375 and other fungi. In the filamentous fungus @entity1980 , the @entity39539 homolog (ime-2) is not required for meiosis. Here we determine that ime-2 interacts genetically with a transcription factor vib-1 during nonself recognition and @entity204 ( @entity204 ). Mutations in vib-1 (/\vib-1) suppress @entity204 due to nonself recognition events; however, a /\vib-1 /\ime-2 mutant restored wild-type levels of cell death. A role for ime-2 in the post-translational processing and localization of a mitochondrial matrix protein was identified, which may implicate mitochondria in @entity1980 nonself recognition and @entity204 . Further, /\vib-1 strains do not produce extracellular proteases, but protease secretion reverted to near wild-type levels in a /\vib-1 /\ime-2 strain. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the VIB-1 protein is phosphorylated at several sites, including a site that matches the IME-2 consensus. The genetic and biochemical data for ime-2 and vib-1 indicate that IME-2 is a negative regulator of VIB-1 and suggest parallel negative regulation by IME-2 of a cell death pathway in @entity1980 that functions in concert with the VIB-1 cell death pathway. Thus, @entity39539 kinase function has evolved following the divergence of @entity375 and @entity1980 and provides insight into the evolution of kinases and their regulatory targets.

title: Diversification of a protein kinase cascade: IME-2 is involved in nonself recognition and @entity204 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1980 :: ('5141', 'Species') :: ['Neurospora crassa', 'N. crassa']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'programmed cell death']

answer: @entity1980 :: (5141,Species) :: ['Neurospora crassa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1566 without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA) is generally considered a disease of @entity1 ; however, it is commonly used when referring to adults who have @entity1566 without computed tomography evidence of @entity130 (SCIWOCTET). The purpose of this study was to describe characteristics of @entity1 with both adult and pediatric cervical SCIWOCTET admitted to hospitals in our region. METHODS: A retrospective review of all @entity1 admitted to our two ACS-verified @entity130 centers with cervical @entity1566 from January 2005 to December 2009 was performed. All @entity1 with vertebral or ligamentous injury identified on computed tomographic (CT) scan of the cervical spine were excluded. Data gathered on the remaining @entity1 included demographics, injury mechanism, Injury Severity Score, neurologic level and severity of @entity1566 , magnetic resonance imaging results, and mortality rates. RESULTS: During the 5-year period of this study, 11,644 adult @entity1 and 3,458 pediatric @entity130 @entity1 were admitted. Of these, 313 @entity1 were thought to have cervical @entity1566 based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes, 279 (89.1%) were excluded due to injury noted on CT cervical spine, and 9 were excluded as they were found to not truly have cervical @entity1566 after review of the medical record. The remaining 25 @entity1 were identified as having cervical SCIWOCTET. Twenty-three @entity1 (92%) were male. The @entity1 ages ranged from 10 to 83 years with a median age of 56 years. The mean Injury Severity Score was 22.6. Sixty-eight percent had a mechanism of fall. Degenerative changes were found on the CT scan of the cervical spine in 96% of all @entity1 and in all 24 adult @entity1 . There was only one pediatric @entity1 with SCIWORA, a 10-year-old @entity1 who had a normal CT scan of the cervical spine but had a persistent @entity51 . CONCLUSION: SCIWOCTET is mainly a disease of adults, and its subset SCIWORA, a disease of @entity1 , is much less common. Adults with this disease have CT scans showing canal stenosis and significant degenerative changes in the cervical spine; thus, it is not accurate to state that they have SCIWORA. The characteristics of this @entity1 population are important as SCIWOCTET is the concern when clearing the cervical spines of @entity130 @entity1 with a CT scan of the cervical spine negative for injury. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Epidemiologic study, level III.

title: The misapplication of the term XXXX without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA) in adults.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord injury', 'spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: Objectives. Pyriform sinus fistulae arise from disturbances in the development of the fetal third and fourth branchial pouches and are predominantly found on the left side. We report the rare case of a right-sided pyriform sinus @entity292 presenting as a lateral neck abscess. Study Design. Case report. Methods. A 24-year-old @entity1 presented with a two-week history of right-sided neck abscess. A fluoroscopic sinogram revealed a fistulous tract extending from the abscess to the apex of the right pyriform sinus. It was determined that the @entity292 was likely a third or fourth branchial remnant, a rare right-sided finding. Chemocauterization of the fistulous tract with 40% @entity2804 was used to successfully treat the @entity1 . Results. Approximately 93-97% of @entity5816 are left sided. Treatment options include surgical excision and cauterization. Conclusions. Branchial @entity2419 must be considered in the diagnosis of cervical abscess in either side of the neck.

title: Right-sided pyriform sinus XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2804 :: ('MESH:D014238', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft cyst and pyriform sinus fistula']

entities_list: @entity5816 :: ('MESH:C562384', 'Disease') :: ['branchial pouch anomalies']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: A @entity1 with obstructive @entity387 and congenital temporal and cervical @entity2695 developed severe @entity10 under nasal BiPAP ventilation. Internal @entity1276 was diagnosed by @entity6852 and MRI and rise of @entity428 ( @entity428 ) under artificial ventilation was supposed. Polysomnography, @entity428 -measurement with a ventricular catheter and resistance to outflow-measurement were used to clarify differential diagnosis. During periods of @entity428 was raised severely with a maximum in REM-sleep. With nasal ventilation no @entity386 was observed and @entity428 was normalized. Resistance to outflow was normal. A disturbance of CSF-dynamics or CSF-absorption leading to the @entity1 's @entity10 could be excluded. Duplex-sonography and cerebral angiography did not provide further information. After exclusion of other causes artificial respiration dependent swelling of the subcutaneous temporal and cervical @entity2695 was the most likely cause triggering the @entity10 . A sufficient therapy however was not yet available. Probably the @entity1 suffers from an abortive form of a Sturge-Weber-Krabbe-Dimitri-Syndrome.

title: [Intracranial pressure in @entity387 , @entity1276 and XXXX . A case report].

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-apnea-syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial pressure', 'apnea ICP']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['congenital hemangioma']


abstract: In this report, T-cell and B-cell recognition of the house dust mite @entity8786 (D. far.) is compared. Nitrocellulose immunoblots of @entity2975 gel electrophoresis ( @entity214 -PAGE)-fractionated D. far. were added to proliferation assays to map the antigen specificity of cloned @entity1 helper T cells and a long-term line induced with D. far. T-cell recognition was of a polypeptide of molecular weight 9000-13,000, that migrates with the serologically defined allergen Der fII (12,500 MW). Since the cloned T cells, unlike the polyclonal response, failed to respond to @entity7130 (D. pter.), this suggests that they recognize a species-specific epitope. In contrast, analysis of the B-cell response using Western blotting demonstrated that, in addition to Der fII, antibodies reactive with the major allergens Der fI (26,000 MW) and Der fIII (29,000 MW) were present in the serum. Similar specificities were seen in the antibody response to D. pter., and while it has been reported that the B-cell response to D. far. and D. pter. are predominantly cross-reactive, our observations suggest that species-specific @entity404 -positive T cells are present in the overall cellular response to D. far.

title: Cloned @entity1 T lymphocytes reactive with XXXX (house dust mite): a comparison of T- and B-cell antigen recognition.

entities_list: @entity7130 :: ('6956', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus']

entities_list: @entity8786 :: ('6954', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides farinae']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity8786 :: (6954,Species) :: ['Dermatophagoides farinae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In case of recurrent @entity135 region therapeutic options are often limited due to intensive prior therapy and/or reduced physical condition of the @entity1 . Nevertheless there is a need for palliative treatment to control symptoms like @entity158 , obstruction of the airways, @entity1282 and for @entity10281 and cosmetic reasons. Side effects, treatment time and achievable results have to be adjusted to the needs of this @entity1 subgroup. @entity1 AND METHOD: 14 @entity1 (13 male, one female) with recurrent squamous cell @entity135 region were studied. Average age was 56.1 years (range 42-76 years) (Table 1). Prior therapy: radiotherapy n = 14 (42-71.3 Gy), surgery: n = 10, chemotherapy: n = 13 (Table 2). Our @entity1 received 100-150 mg/m2 Bendamustin i.v. (day 1 and 2) and involved field irradiation 15 Gy (daily dose 3 Gy, day 1-5) (Figure 1). Remission status, time to progression, side effects and survival were documented. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 showed partial remissions, four @entity1 had complete remissions of the treated lesion (Figure 2), amelioration of 70% of @entity5 symptoms was documented (Figure 3). Time to progression was 2-104 weeks. Side effects: 71% of @entity1 had no significant side effects, CTC Grade 3 to 4 @entity137 was seen in two @entity1 (14%). CONCLUSION: The reported therapy regimen allows successful palliative treatment of intensively pretreated @entity1 with progressive recurrent @entity5 of the @entity135 . Side effects are tolerable even in @entity1 with reduced physical condition.

title: [Palliative radiochemotherapy with Bendamustin for advanced recurrent XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck', 'carcinoma of the head and neck']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity263 treated intermittently with TIP benefit from improved quality of life when TOP with recovered @entity251 is prolonged. We examined factors influencing the duration of TOP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 101 @entity1 treated with intermittent TIP in a 9-year period. @entity1 with positive bone scan, @entity1 in whom a PSA nadir of less than 0.1 ng/ml on TIP failed to be achieved and maintained and @entity1 in whom @entity251 failed to recover to greater than 150 ng/dl during the first 12 months of TOP were excluded. Potential factors predicting prolonged TOP or accelerated time to AIPC were studied with Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: @entity1 characteristics were clinical stage T1c-T2a in 51 and T2b-T3b in 11, PSA relapse in 29, and T3c, D0 or D1 in 10. Median PSA was 7.6 ng/ml, Gleason score was 3 + 4 = 7 and TIP duration was 15.8 months. The 60 group 1 @entity1 received @entity585 and the 41 in group 2 received no @entity585 . Median TOP in groups 1 and 2 was 31 and 15 months, respectively, using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Cox regression analysis indicated that longer TIP, @entity585 and increased age predicted longer TOP. A slow PSA decrease while on TIP, higher baseline PSA and increased Gleason score predicted shorter TOP. Cox regression analysis indicated that only higher clinical stage but not @entity585 predicted the earlier onset of AIPC. CONCLUSIONS: @entity585 doubles the duration of TOP. AIPC was not increased by @entity585 after almost 9 years of observation.

title: Intermittent use of XXXX inactivating pharmaceuticals using @entity585 prolongs the time off period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['Finasteride', 'finasteride']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether the ocular surface @entity32 in @entity1596 mimics or counteracts intraocular inflammatory pathways by directly comparing T-helper (Th) lymphocytes Th1 and Th2 markers in conjunctival and ciliary body expression in endotoxin-induced @entity1596 (EIU). This study used the following inflammatory markers: chemokine receptor, @entity54076 ( @entity54076 ), and its ligand, @entity31609 ( @entity31609 ), to evaluate Th2 participation; chemokine receptor, @entity25505 , to evaluate the Th1 system; and its ligand, regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted ( @entity16620 ), to evaluate both Th1 and Th2 systems. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to compare protein and RNA expression of @entity54076 , @entity31609 , @entity25505 , and @entity16620 in the conjunctiva and ciliary body in EIU 6 h and 24 h after the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection and in control (without injection) Lewis @entity35 . RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry with @entity25505 , @entity16620 , and @entity31609 showed an increase in fluorescent staining in the conjunctiva and ciliary body in the @entity35 with @entity1596 compared to the control @entity35 . For @entity54076 , immunostaining was comparable in the conjunctiva and ciliary body and did not show any clear differences between control @entity35 and @entity35 with EIU. For @entity16620 , @entity31609 , and @entity25505 , RT-PCR showed a significantly higher RNA expression in conjunctiva and in ciliary body at 6 h compared to 24 h and controls. For @entity54076 , RT-PCR did not illustrate any significant differences in conjunctiva and in ciliary body between all groups of animals. CONCLUSIONS: Protein and RNA expressions of @entity16620 , @entity31609 , and @entity25505 were higher in EIU @entity35 than in control @entity35 in the conjunctiva and ciliary body whereas the @entity54076 level was not modified in the conjunctiva and ciliary body of EIU @entity35 when compared to controls. Th1 activation seemed to predominate in this model with high levels of @entity25505 expression and no increased expression of @entity54076 , but Th2 participation with @entity31609 was noted. The expression of @entity16620 , @entity31609 , @entity54076 and @entity25505 in EIU was quite similar between the conjunctiva and the ciliary body, so conjunctival @entity32 might reproduce the @entity32 , probably generated by local extension and diffusion in this model. If the ocular surface mimics intraocular inflammatory pathways, the conjunctiva may provide a new and easier access for @entity1596 studies.

title: Th1- and Th2-related chemokine and chemokine receptor expression on the ocular surface in endotoxin-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity31609 :: ('117551(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['MDC', 'macrophage-derived chemokine']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: This randomized, clinical multicenter trial investigated the treatment outcomes of @entity174 , and whether radiographic @entity174 level was a prognostic factor in therapeutic decision-making between @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) versus closed reduction and mandibulomaxillary fixation (CRMMF). @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixty-six @entity1 with 79 displaced @entity174 (deviation of 10 degrees to 45 degrees, or shortening of the ascending ramus >or=2 mm) of the condylar process of the mandible at 7 clinical centers were enrolled. @entity1 were randomly allocated to CRMMF (n = 30 @entity1 ) or @entity1538 (n = 36 @entity1 ) treatment. The following parameters were measured 6 months after the @entity130 . Clinical parameters included mouth @entity1538 , protrusion, and laterotrusion. Radiographic parameters included level of the @entity174 , deviation of the fragment, and shortening of the ascending ramus. Subjective parameters included @entity158 (according to a visual analogue scale), discomfort, and subjective functional impairment with a mandibular functional impairment questionnaire. RESULTS: The difference in average mouth @entity1538 was 12 mm (P <or= .001) between both treatment groups. The average @entity158 level (visual analogue scale from 0 to 100) was 25 after CRMMF, and 1 after @entity1538 (P <or= .001). In 53 unilateral @entity174 , better functional results were observed for @entity1538 compared with CRMMF, irrespective of @entity174 level (condylar base, neck, or intracapsular head). Unexpectedly, the subjective discomfort level decreased with ascending level of the @entity174 . In @entity1 with @entity174 , @entity1538 was especially advantageous. CONCLUSION: Fractures with a deviation of 10 degrees to 45 degrees, or a shortening of the ascending ramus >or=2 mm, should be treated with @entity1538 , irrespective of level of the @entity174 .

title: Open reduction and internal fixation versus closed treatment and mandibulomaxillary fixation of @entity174 of the mandibular condylar process: a randomized, prospective, multicenter study with special evaluation of XXXX level.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open reduction and internal fixation', 'ORIF', 'opening']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'displaced condylar fractures', 'bilateral condylar fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: AIMS: This study investigated whether or not acquired @entity8 develop in @entity1 with mild @entity177 . METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out using renal biopsy specimens from 720 @entity1 . A @entity8 was defined as a tubule dilated >200 microm. RESULTS: @entity8 were found in 21 of 720 renal biopsy specimens. Serum @entity1011 of 21 @entity1 with @entity8 was significantly higher than that of 699 @entity1 without cysts (2.59 +/- 2.64 vs. 1.09 +/- 0.79 mg/dl) (p < 0.0001). Poor renal function (serum @entity1011 >1.6 mg/dl) reveals more cyst formation on biopsy specimens than good renal function (serum @entity1011 <1.5 mg/dl). Cysts were observed in 11 of 607 (1.8%) @entity1 less than 50 years of age and in 10 of 113 (8.8%) @entity1 over 51 years. To exclude simple cysts which are commonly observed in older subjects, 11 @entity1 under 50 years of age were extensively examined. Mean serum @entity1011 was 2.98 +/- 3.06 mg/dl (0.7-10.4 mg/dl). These 11 @entity1 revealed low @entity1011 clearance of 47.5 +/- 25.6 ml/min (5-71 ml/min). @entity1011 clearances in 7 @entity1 were 52-71 ml/min (serum @entity1011 0.7-2.0 mg/ dl). One of 11 biopsy specimens with cysts was examined by immunohistochemistry on lectin. This specimen was positive for tetragonolobus lectin and negative for peanut lectin, suggesting that the epithelial cells lining the cyst were derived from proximal tubules, unlike those of simple cysts. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that low normal renal function such as @entity1011 clearances 52-71 ml/min due to @entity393 is sufficient to induce acquired cyst development in various @entity8 .

title: Incidence of acquired XXXX in biopsy specimens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal cysts', 'renal diseases', 'renal cyst', 'renal cysts']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine', 'creatinine']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['nephron loss']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal cysts']


abstract: A case of @entity1294 with numerous diffuse plaques in the neocortex was reported. This male @entity1 had a previous history of @entity101 and @entity583 . From the age of 60, he developed @entity4653 , @entity2845 , marche    petit pas and falling down. Neurological examination at his first admission disclosed muscular @entity2003 and @entity427 , but @entity303 was not found. Brain CT showed moderate @entity1010 and EEG consisted of slow wave @entity943 . He was diagnosed of @entity304 and treatment started without effects. During his second admission for the treatment of @entity583 , at the age of 64, @entity933 developed. Progressive @entity303 began and finally he was confined to bed. From the age of 69, spontaneous speech became almost lost. Contracture of the extremities, increased deep tendon reflexes and force grasping were noted. Brain CT showed symmetrical low attenuation in the frontal and parietal white matter with moderate dilatation of the lateral ventricles. At the age of 70, he died of general prostration about ten years after the initial symptoms. Neuropathological findings: Macroscopic findings: The brain weighed 1300 g. Atherosclerotic changes of the large arteries at the base of the brain were moderate. Coronal sections of the brain showed moderate enlargement of the lateral ventricles with multiple small lacunes in the basal ganglia. Microscopic findings: @entity62 with sparing of the U-fibers was noted. Holzer stain revealed @entity5219 in the left parietal and occipital white matter. Marked adventitial @entity82 of the deep white matter arteries and terminal stages of @entity6517 of the perforating arteries were found. Basal ganglia showed @entity159 . Bilateral pyramidal tracts were @entity3202 secondly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A case of XXXX with numerous diffuse plaques in the neocortex].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['dysrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['Binswanger disease']

entities_list: @entity5219 :: ('MESH:D005911', 'Disease') :: ['fibrillary gliosis']

entities_list: @entity6517 :: ('MESH:D057770', 'Disease') :: ['hyalinosis']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral diffuse demyelination of the white matter']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['increased jaw and deep tendon reflexes']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status lacunaris']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity1294 :: (MESH:D015140,Disease) :: ['Binswanger disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Older @entity1 with @entity2 tend to have significant coexisting diseases and less aggressive treatment is often advisable. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinicopathological features of @entity2 in @entity1 aged 80 years and over. METHODS: The medical records of 966 @entity1 with @entity2 between 1976 and 1999 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: There were 56 (5.8%) @entity1 80 years old or over. Thirty-nine (70%) were male, and 22 (39%) @entity1 had poor performance status (2-4). Some of the @entity1 had a medical history of @entity65 (n = 23; 41%), @entity66 (n = 5; 9%), @entity6 (n = 11; 20%), or @entity5 (n = 8; 14%). Twenty-one (35%) @entity1 were diagnosed as having surgically resectable disease and 20 @entity1 underwent radiotherapy, but 25 @entity1 only received supportive care because of concomitant illnesses. Only 9 and 2 @entity1 , respectively, had chemotherapy and surgery. There was no statistical difference in the survival rate of the two groups of @entity1 receiving radiotherapy or supportive care. CONCLUSION: Adequate palliative care to provide prolonged quality survival is an appropriate primary goal of therapy for @entity2 in the octogenarian until less invasive treatments are developed.

title: XXXX in the octogenarian.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung cancer']


abstract: @entity49443 (AH) is nominated as the prohibited ingredients in cosmetics in Japanese Pharmaceutical Affairs Act. So the analytical method for AH was investigated by HPLC. The lotion or milky lotion of 0.5g was put into a 10-ml volumetric flask. After adding 1.0ml of AH solution at 50 microg/ml into the volumetric flask, the mixture was made up to 10ml with @entity1042 as the testing solution. Creams were procedured as follows; 0.5 g of cream was put into a 10-ml volumetric flask. After adding 1.0ml of @entity6188 into the volumetric flask, the mixture was stirred for several minutes and the ingredients of the creams were dissolved. After adding 1.0ml of AH solution at 50 microg/ml into the volumetric flask, the mixture was made up to 10ml with @entity1042 . One milliliter of the mixture including AH at 5 microg/ml was exactly put into a test tube with a cap and then 1 ml of water and 1 ml of @entity4315 were added. After shaking vigorously, stand for several minutes. After centrifuging, the @entity4315 layer was eliminated and the residual mixture was used as the test solution. The testing solution of 20 microl was analyzed by HPLC using the ODS column (CAPCELL PAK C18 column, 4.6 x 250mm), the mixture of @entity1626 and 50 mmol/l @entity1391 buffer(pH 5.3)(3:1) and the detection wavelength of 247 nm. The working curve from 0.5 to 6.0 microg/ml showed a linear line between the concentrations of AH and the peak areas. There was no interference of peak of AH with the ingredients such as @entity22589 , @entity56156 in the lotions, milky lotion and creams.

title: [Studies for analyzing the prohibited ingredients such as XXXX in cosmetics].

entities_list: @entity56156 :: ('MESH:C012313', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylparaben']

entities_list: @entity49443 :: ('MESH:D000092', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetohexamide']

entities_list: @entity6188 :: ('MESH:C018674', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrahydrofuran']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity22589 :: ('MESH:C015358', 'Chemical') :: ['methylparaben']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity49443 :: (MESH:D000092,Chemical) :: ['acetohexamide']


abstract: The clinical and pathologic features of 6 cases of intestinal-type @entity420 of the sinonasal region are presented. These cases were collected in a 17 year period (1972-1988) and account for less than 4% of @entity5 of this region in our records for this period. All of the @entity1 were @entity1 aged 48 to 82 years (mean, 54 years). Previous exposure to wood dust was reported in 1 case. Radiographic studies, especially computerized tomography, were of critical importance to delineate the extent of @entity5 . Nasal obstruction was the most common complaint. @entity1109 prior to diagnosis is available in 5 cases and ranged from 5 to 36 months (mean 18 months). Surgical treatment was performed in 4 @entity1 (of palliative type in 2) followed by radiotherapy in 3. Histopathology revealed @entity1377 (5 cases) and mucinous (1 case) patterns. Follow-up is available in all @entity1 (range 0 to 108 months), 50% of whom are still alive. In our series, only 1 @entity1 has survived more than 5 years. Data pooled from the literature reveal that 53% of @entity1 have experienced local recurrences following therapy, and 60% have died of their disease. Of these deaths, 80% occurred within 5 years of diagnosis.

title: Intestinal-type XXXX and paranasal sinuses. A clinicopathologic study of 6 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['tubulo-papillary']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Duration of symptoms']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2931 receptor beta ( @entity1783 ) modulates @entity1782 activity; wild type @entity1783 (ERbeta1) and its splice variants may therefore impact on hormone responsiveness of @entity0 . ERbeta2/ERbetacx acts as a dominant negative inhibitor of @entity1782 and expression of ERbeta2 mRNA has been proposed as a candidate marker for outcome in primary @entity0 following adjuvant endocrine therapy. We therefore now assess ERbeta2 protein by immunostaining and mRNA by quantitative RT-PCR in relation to treatment outcome. METHODS: ERbeta2-specific immunostaining was quantified in 141 primary @entity0 cases receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy, but no neoadjuvant therapy or adjuvant chemotherapy. The expression of mRNA for ERbeta2/ERbetacx was measured in 100 cases by quantitative RT-PCR. Statistical analysis of @entity0 and @entity0 survival was performed using Kaplan Meier log-rank tests and Cox's univariate and multivariate survival analysis. RESULTS: High ERbeta2 immunostaining (Allred score >5) and high ERbeta2 mRNA levels were independently associated with significantly better outcome across the whole cohort, including both @entity1782 positive and negative cases (Log-Rank P < 0.05). However, only ERbeta2 mRNA levels were significantly associated with better outcome in the @entity1782 + subgroup (Log-Rank P = 0.01) and this was independent of grade, size, nodal status and @entity1420 receptor status (Cox hazard ratio 0.31 P = 0.02 for relapse; 0.17 P = 0.01 for survival). High ERbeta2 mRNA was also associated with better outcome in node negative cases (Log Rank P < 0.001).ERbeta2 protein levels were greater in @entity1782 positive cases (T-test P = 0.00001), possibly explaining the association with better outcome. Levels of ERbeta2 protein did not correlate ERbeta2 mRNA levels, but 34% of cases had both high mRNA and protein and had a significantly better outcome (Log-Rank relapse P < 0.005). CONCLUSION: High ERbeta2 protein levels were associated with @entity1782 expression. Although most cases with high ERbeta2 mRNA had strong ERbeta2 immunostaining, mRNA levels but not protein levels were independently predictive of outcome in @entity440 -treated @entity1782 + @entity5 . Post-transcriptional control needs to be considered when assessing the biological or clinical importance of @entity1783 proteins.

title: Association of XXXX receptor beta 2 ( @entity1783 2/ @entity1783 cx) with outcome of adjuvant endocrine treatment for primary @entity0 --a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer relapse', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['Oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

answer: @entity2931 :: (CHEBI:50114,Chemical) :: ['oestrogen']


abstract: @entity59 ( @entity59 ) mediates pleiotropic functions in various types of cells through its specific receptor ( @entity30533 ) which is composed of two distinct subunits, alpha and beta. In @entity19 , the @entity30533 ) specifically binds @entity59 with low affinity. The beta subunit ( @entity30534 ) does not bind @entity59 by itself, but constructs the high affinity receptor with @entity30533 . We have isolated cDNA encoding the soluble form of @entity30533 (sIL-5R alpha). To elucidate the biochemical and functional properties of sIL-5R alpha, we developed an expression system for sIL-5R alpha cDNA in insect cell line Sf21 using baculovirus expression vector and obtained conditioned medium containing large quantities of @entity19 sIL-5R alpha. @entity19 sIL-5R alpha was purified from the conditioned medium by using anti- @entity30533 mAb-coupled beads. Immunoaffinity-purified sIL-5R alpha with an approximate molecular mass of 42 kDa inhibited the binding of 125I-labeled @entity59 to @entity30533 . By using purified sIL-5R alpha, we prepared rabbit anti-sIL-5R alpha antibody and developed a sandwich ELISA for detection of sIL-5R alpha. Significant amounts of sIL-5R alpha were detected in sera and ascitic fluids of @entity19 @entity5 ( @entity1896 and MOPC104E) that responded to @entity59 for DNA synthesis, but not in sera of normal @entity19 . Interestingly, elevated levels of serum sIL-5R alpha were observed in NZB and NZW @entity19 . The sIL-5R alpha may, therefore, have an immunoregulatory role in vivo.

title: Biochemical and functional characterization of soluble form of XXXX receptor alpha (sIL-5R alpha). Development of ELISA system for detection of sIL-5R alpha.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['bearing tumors']

answer: @entity59 :: (16191(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-5']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Emergency operations for perforations and @entity834 of the upper gastrointestinal tract are associated with a high overall morbidity and mortality rate. An endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) has been established successfully for @entity834 after rectal resection but only limited data exist for EVT of the upper GI tract. METHODS: We report on a series of nine @entity1 treated with EVT for defects of the upper intestinal tract between March 2011 and May 2012. In four @entity1 , initial endoscopic sponge placement was performed in combination with open surgical revision. Median follow-up was 189 (range, 51-366) days. RESULTS: In total, 52 vacuum sponges were placed in @entity154 of nine @entity1 . Indication for EVT were @entity834 after esophageal resection or gastrectomy (n   =   5) and iatrogenic or spontaneous esophageal perforations (n   =   4). The mean number of sponge insertions was six (range, 1-13) with a mean changing interval of 3.5 days (range, 2-5). A successful vacuum therapy for upper intestinal defects was achieved in eight of nine @entity1 (89 %). CONCLUSION: EVT is a promising approach for postoperative, iatrogenic, or spontaneous lesions of the upper GI tract. If necessary the endoscopic procedure can be combined with operative revision for better control of the local septic focus.

title: Surgical endoscopic vacuum therapy for XXXX and perforation of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['upper GI defects']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

answer: @entity834 :: (MESH:D057868,Disease) :: ['anastomotic leakage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4789 and @entity6331 ( @entity6331 ) remains one of the most important causes of @entity65 leading to a major public health problem, especially in developing countries. This was a pilot study to assess the presence of @entity32 and expression of adhesion molecules by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in endomyocardial biopsy specimens of @entity1 with chronic @entity6331 . METHODS: Endomyocardial biopsy was obtained from 14 @entity1 of chronic @entity6331 with no features of activity clinically. Biopsies were processed for histology and IHC. IHC was carried using monoclonal antibodies against CD3, @entity404 , @entity405 , @entity2071 , and @entity4725 . RESULTS: Histomorphologically, varying degree of interstitial and perivascular @entity82 was seen in all the 13 @entity1 (100%). Mild @entity82 (1+) was seen in five @entity1 (38.5%); moderate @entity82 (2+) was present in four @entity1 (30.8%).There was no Aschoff nodule or evidence of active @entity2401 in any of the biopsy specimens. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY: Moderate positivity of (2+) and intense positivity of (3+) for @entity2071 was seen in 11 and 2 @entity1 , respectively. With @entity4725 , four showed mild positivity (1+), and three showed intense positivity (3+). The phenotypic analysis of the inflammatory cells in our study revealed @entity405 (+) cells in 77%, @entity404 (+) in 23.1%, and CD3(+) in 38.5% of total @entity1 , which suggests chronicity. CONCLUSION: The nonspecific histomorphological changes and increased adhesion molecules expression could be a part of the ventricular remodeling due to the hemodynamic stress by the stenotic or regurgitant lesions of @entity6331 itself.

title: Adhesion molecule expression and ventricular remodeling in XXXX : a cause or effect in the disease progression--a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['RHD', 'chronic rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity6331 :: (MESH:D012214,Disease) :: ['chronic rheumatic heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Newer generations and formulations of inhaled @entity288 have necessitated the development of a clinically relevant model to compare their clinical potency. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated whether sputum eosinophil counts could demonstrate a dose-response to inhaled @entity288 , and compared the response with other inflammatory markers. METHODS: Fourteen steroid-naive @entity1 with @entity565 with an initial sputum eosinophilia of > or = 2.5% entered a 6-week sequential, placebo-controlled, @entity1 -blinded, cumulative dose-response study. After 7 days of placebo, they received incremental doses of @entity5023 (FP), 50, 100, 200, and 400 microg/d, each for 7 days. Measurements were made of sputum and blood eosinophils, exhaled @entity842 , spirometry, airway responsiveness to @entity2710 ( @entity2710 PC20), and symptom scores before and after each dose. RESULTS: Sputum eosinophils and exhaled @entity842 were extremely sensitive to the effects of FP, and exhibited significant dose-dependent reductions of 99.4% and 99.8 parts per billion, respectively, where each variable was expressed per 100 microg/d FP. This compared with a 0.5 doubling dose increase of airway responsiveness to @entity2710 and a 0.3 decrease in symptom scores. Airway responsiveness to @entity2710 was the only variable that increased throughout the study. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the model of @entity1712 could be used to compare the effect of cumulative doses of an inhaled @entity228 delivered by different types of delivery systems or preparations using a relatively small number of @entity1 . CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Future clinical studies based on this model will allow clinicians to make informed decisions regarding the relative potencies of different inhaled @entity288 .

title: @entity1712 in XXXX : a model for establishing dose-response and relative potency of inhaled @entity288 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Plasma @entity9820 (PTM) may be a marker of vascular endothelial damage and is increased in active @entity1333 . However, since PTM is a mixture of glycoproteins (MW between 28 to 105 kD), some may be variably excreted by the kidney. PTM level thus may be affected both @entity8 and @entity644 . This study examines @entity1 with varied renal pathology and relates PTM levels to renal function and @entity644 . PTM levels were measured in eighty nine renal @entity1 with varied renal pathology: 23 @entity1 on hemodialysis (HD), 66 with variable renal function (from normal to severe @entity8 ), and @entity644 from insignificant to @entity1985 range. PTM levels rose as renal function declined and were highest in HD @entity1 . PTM levels also seemed to rise with increasing @entity644 . Indeed, this relationship appeared to be exaggerated in @entity1 with @entity101 and @entity2316 compared to those with primary @entity631 . Measurements of PTM are clearly affected both by renal function and @entity644 . Thus the confidence limits above which an abnormal level is recognised should be increased as renal function declines.

title: Plasma @entity9820 in XXXX : effects of renal function and @entity644 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity9820 :: ('7056', 'Gene') :: ['thrombomodulin']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal disease']


abstract: Prior work has consistently revealed a relationship between @entity146 and reduced @entity3493 amplitude. Fewer studies have directly evaluated behavioral indices of @entity146 and @entity3493 , and those that have generally do not account for potential mediating variables such as age, intelligence, and behavioral task performance. The current study assessed the relationship between the total number of convicted violent and non-violent offenses and @entity3493 in a sample of inmates from a medium security state prison. Violent offenses evidenced a robust negative relationship with @entity3493 amplitude, whereas non-violent offenses did not. Additional analyses evaluated age, intelligence, and behavioral task performance as potential mediating variables. Only reaction time significantly predicted @entity3493 amplitude, and mediational analyses showed that this relationship did not account for the violent-offense/ @entity3493 relationship. Findings are discussed in terms of personality correlates and neurobiological process related to @entity146 . There is long-standing interest in the notion that @entity146 , and @entity146 in particular, involves neurobiologically-based deficits in information processing. Neuropsychological research has revealed that @entity146 is associated with impaired executive function (c.f. Morgan and Lilienfeld, 2000), and neuroimaging studies have consistently identified frontal @entity75 among violent offenders (Goyer et al., 1994; Raine et al., 1997; Raine et al., 2000; Volkow et al., 1995). Furthermore, research using event-related brain potentials has indicated that @entity146 is associated with reduced @entity3493 responses to task-relevant stimuli in target detection tasks (e.g., Bauer et al., 1994; Iacono et al., 2003). These deficits may reflect inefficient neural processing of salient environmental stimuli (Donchin and Coles, 1988), which could potentially contribute to risk for antisocial deviance. Notably, @entity146 encompasses both violent and nonviolent transgressions. One unresolved issue is whether @entity3493 amplitude is associated with both violent and non-violent forms of @entity146 , or more predominantly with @entity146 forms of acting out. Some research has examined @entity3493 response in @entity146 individuals specifically (e.g., Barratt et al., 1997); this work has revealed that reduced @entity3493 amplitude is selectively related to impulsive, but not instrumental, @entity146 . However, this work has not compared associations for @entity146 versus non- @entity146 offending behavior. Thus, the aim of the present study was to replicate and extend prior research on @entity146 and brain response by examining relations between violent and non-violent offenses and @entity3493 amplitude in a sample of adult male inmates. Our prediction was that reduced @entity3493 response would be associated more predominantly with a history of violent offending, and that this effect would be independent of age, intelligence, and task performance effects.

title: Violent offending predicts XXXX amplitude.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lobe abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'aggressive', 'antisocial behavior']

answer: @entity3493 :: (2033,Gene) :: ['P300']


abstract: @entity170 is a frequent complication after renal transplantation. Although several risk factors have been defined in its pathogenesis, the parameters influencing this complication in young @entity1 with functioning grafts have not been well defined. We sought to determine the possible risk factors for @entity170 among 55 male and 27 female renal transplant @entity1 of mean age 35.5 +/- 11.7 years with 68.8% recipients of living-related grafts. Bone mineral densitometry was performed in all @entity1 at 1 year after transplantation. The study utilized the World Health Organization recommendations that define normal (group 1, n = 19), @entity6092 (group 2, n = 24), or @entity3604 (group 3, n = 39) @entity1 according to T-score values. Pre- and posttransplant data included gender, age at dialysis onset; age at transplantation; pretransplant dialysis duration; body mass index (BMI); serum @entity460 , albumin, @entity3151 , @entity461 ( @entity461 ), and @entity1851 levels; lipid profile, cumulative doses of immunosuppressive drugs, and pulse @entity134 dose. Differences between groups 1 and 3 showed that @entity1 with @entity170 were younger (P < .003) and had started dialysis and underwent transplantation at a younger age than those without @entity170 (P < .01, P < .003). In addition, pretransplant body weight (P < .02), posttransplant BMI (P < .01), and pretransplant @entity461 (P < .04), posttransplant total @entity165 , and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels were lower among group 3 (P < .004, P < .003). Young adults who started dialysis and underwent transplantation at a younger age were prone to @entity170 . Additionally, high BMI and @entity165 levels seemed to be preventative for @entity604 after transplantation.

title: Risk factors for XXXX in young renal transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity6092 :: ('MESH:C567172', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenic']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: @entity738 may be found in 30-70% of @entity1 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ). The etiology of @entity738 formation in @entity30 is presently unknown. Elevated levels of @entity310 are found within @entity738 tissue, and are required to maintain @entity738 formation in animal models. @entity310 production has been shown to influenced by @entity310 promoter polymorphisms. We hypothesized that heterogeneity for @entity738 in @entity30 might be influenced by the @entity310 promoter genotype. @entity1 with confirmed @entity30 that had undergone full colonoscopy with multiple biopsies and/or surgical resection, served as the study group. One hundred healthy individuals served as a control population for genotyping. @entity1 and controls underwent genotyping for four @entity310 polymorphisms: @entity38805 , @entity56521 , @entity56522 , and @entity56523 . Inclusion and exclusion criteria were met in 155 @entity1 (1-68 y). Polymorphisms in the TNF promoter were found in 16.6% ( @entity38805 ), 14.5% ( @entity56521 ), 36.6% ( @entity56522 ) and 30.7% ( @entity56524 ). No significant association was found for any of the individual polymorphisms with presence or absence of @entity738 . In conclusion, we did not find an association between individual polymorphisms in the @entity310 promoter and presence of @entity738 in @entity30 . The reason for heterogeneity in @entity738 formation in @entity1 with @entity30 remains elusive.

title: Polymorphisms in the @entity310 promoter and variability in the granulomatous response in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['Granulomas', 'granulomas', 'granuloma']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: A cleaved form of PRL has been found in the pituitary of rodents and @entity1 and in @entity1 blood. @entity53431 fragment derived from cleaved @entity35 (r) PRL has mitogenic and lactogenic activities in PRL bioassays. In this report we analyzed whether 16K rPRL acts through PRL and/or specific 16K receptors. The 16K PRL displaced 23K PRL label with a potency that varied among different tissues. With liver membranes the fragment had only 5-6% the potency of intact PRL, but in whole brain its potency was similar to that of the 23K form. By contrast, 16K PRL was 30 times more effective at displacing [125I]23K rPRL from the kidney membranes than was intact PRL. [125I]16K PRL bound specifically to membranes of kidney, liver, brain, and skeletal muscle, and it was not displaced by intact or cleaved 23K rPRL, intact ovine PRL, or @entity35 or @entity291 GH. The specific binding of 16K PRL to the kidney changed with incubation time, temperature, and pH and was significantly higher than that of 23K PRL to brain and kidney membranes. However, the specific binding of the 16K was lower in liver and skeletal muscle. The binding sites for 16K PRL in the kidney had a higher affinity than did those for 23K PRL (Kd = 6.9 x 10(-9) vs. 0.8 x 10(-8), respectively), but the opposite was found in the other tissues. The specific 16K PRL-binding sites in different tissues may represent receptors that mediate actions of the fragment that are unshared by intact PRL. Furthermore, 16K PRL binds to 23K receptors with an activity that varies among the target tissues. These results support the notion of distinct PRL isoreceptors in different tissues.

title: Binding studies with intact XXXX prolactin and a 16K fragment of the hormone.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity53431 :: ('p|SUB|A|16|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['A 16K']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECT: A hollow fiber catheter was developed to improve the distribution of drugs administered via direct infusion into the central nervous system (CNS). It is a porous catheter that significantly increases the surface area of brain tissue into which a drug is infused. METHODS: Dye was infused into the @entity19 brain through @entity14782 ( @entity14782 ) using a 28-gauge needle compared with a 3-mm-long hollow fiber catheter. To determine whether a hollow fiber catheter could increase the distribution of gene therapy vectors, a recombinant adenovirus expressing the firefly luciferase reporter was injected into the @entity19 striatum. Gene expression was monitored using in vivo bioluminescent imaging. To assess the distribution of gene transfer, an adenovirus expressing green fluorescent protein was injected into the striatum using a hollow fiber catheter or a needle. RESULTS: Hollow fiber catheter-mediated infusion increased the volume of brain tissue labeled with dye by 2.7 times relative to needle-mediated infusion. In vivo imaging revealed that catheter-mediated infusion of adenovirus resulted in gene expression that was 10-times greater than that mediated by a needle. The catheter appreciably increased the area of brain transduced with adenovirus relative to a needle, affecting a significant portion of the injected hemisphere. CONCLUSIONS: The miniature hollow fiber catheter used in this study significantly increased the distribution of dye and adenoviral-mediated gene transfer in the @entity19 brain compared with the levels reached using a 28-gauge needle. Compared with standard single-port clinical catheters, the hollow fiber catheter has the advantage of millions of nanoscale pores to increase surface area and bulk flow in the CNS. Extending the scale of the hollow fiber catheter for the large @entity1 brain shows promise in increasing the distribution and efficacy of gene therapy and drug therapy using @entity14782 .

title: Improved distribution of small molecules and viral vectors in the XXXX brain using a hollow fiber catheter.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity14782 :: ('MESH:C564835', 'Disease') :: ['CED', 'convection-enhanced delivery']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Filamentous, heterocystous cyanobacteria are capable of @entity1568 fixation and photoautotrophic growth. @entity1568 fixation takes place in heterocysts that differentiate as a result of @entity1568 starvation. Heterocysts uphold a microoxic environment to avoid inactivation of nitrogenase, e.g. by downregulation of oxygenic photosynthesis. The @entity855 and reductant requirement for the nitrogenase reaction is considered to depend on Photosystem I, but little is known about the organization of energy converting membrane proteins in heterocysts. We have investigated the membrane proteome of heterocysts from @entity1568 fixing filaments of @entity13331 sp. @entity13331 , by 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The membrane proteome was found to be dominated by the Photosystem I and @entity855 -synthase complexes. We could identify a significant amount of assembled Photosystem II complexes containing the D1, D2, CP43, CP47 and PsbO proteins from these complexes. We could also measure light-driven in vitro electron transfer from Photosystem II in heterocyst thylakoid membranes. We did not find any partially disassembled Photosystem II complexes lacking the CP43 protein. Several subunits of the NDH-1 complex were also identified. The relative amount of NDH-1M complexes was found to be higher than NDH-1L complexes, which might suggest a role for this complex in cyclic electron transfer in the heterocysts of @entity13331 .

title: Electron transfer protein complexes in the thylakoid membranes of heterocysts from the cyanobacterium XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrogen', 'nitrogen']

answer: @entity13331 :: (272131,Species) :: ['Nostoc punctiforme']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Assessment of functional outcome after @entity174 . DESIGN: Retrospective call-back review of 40 @entity1 who agreed to assessment 8-24 months after @entity174 . SETTING: Acute care hospital/Level 1 @entity130 center with university-based orthopaedic residency. PTS/ @entity1 : 1) 10 skeletally mature @entity1 who agreed to a telephone request to return for review 8-24 months after isolated @entity174 (36 44B2.2, 3 44A2.3, 1 44C2.2). All had healed without apparent complications. 2) Control group of 40 age matched healthy individuals without ankle problems. INTERVENTION: ORIF with standard AO/ASIF techniques. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Ankle score of Olerud and Molander, UCLA Activity Score, Pedometer count of average number of steps per day. RESULTS: @entity1 had a mean Ankle Score of 72 (+/-19.3) vs. 100 (+/-0) for controls (p < .01). The UCLA Activity Score averaged 6.0 (+/-1.95) for the @entity1 vs. a mean of 9.43 (+/-1.0) for controls (p < .01). @entity1 took an average of 4,838 steps per day (+/-3,252) vs an average of 7,607 steps per day (+/-2,859) by controls (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Significant impaired function persists for most @entity1 8-24 months after @entity174 .

title: Functional outcome analysis of operatively treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['malleolar fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['malleolar fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) use for @entity1 with @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ) in the United States and to determine @entity1 factors associated with medication use. METHODS: We analyzed cross-sectional baseline enrollment data from the @entity625 and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry from May 2010 through May 2011 for @entity1 with @entity4932 . Current and prior medication use was included. We used parsimonious backward stepwise logistic regression models to calculate OR to estimate associations between clinical @entity1 factors and medication use. RESULTS: We identified 2748 @entity1 with @entity4932 with a median disease duration of 3.9 years from 51 US clinical sites. Overall, 2023 (74%) had ever received a nonbiologic DMARD and 1246 (45%) had ever received a biologic DMARD. Among @entity1 without systemic @entity625 , @entity1499 use was most strongly associated with @entity1596 (OR 5.2, 95% CI 3.6-7.6), anticitrullinated protein antibodies (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.7-12), and extended @entity4932 (OR 4.1, 95% CI 2.5-6.6). Among @entity1 without systemic @entity625 , biologic DMARD use was most strongly associated with rheumatoid factor (RF)-positive @entity625 (OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.9-6.6), @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ; OR 3.0, 95% CI 2.0-4.4), and @entity1596 (OR 2.8, 95% CI 2.1-3.7). Among @entity1 with systemic @entity625 , 160 (65%) ever received a biologic DMARD; @entity5 @entity39 factor inhibitor use was associated with @entity625 (OR 2.5, 95% CI 3.8-16), while interleukin 1 inhibitor use was not. CONCLUSION: About three-quarters of all @entity1 with @entity4932 in the CARRA Registry received nonbiologic DMARD. Nearly one-half received biologic DMARD, and their use was strongly associated with RF-positive @entity625 , @entity5144 , @entity1596 , and systemic @entity625 .

title: Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug use in the treatment of XXXX : a cross-sectional analysis of the CARRA Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Childhood Arthritis', 'arthritis', 'polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['PsA', 'psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['oligoarthritis', 'JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']


abstract: AIM: The term superflow has been given to abnormally high flow rates in @entity1 , and has been thought to be indicative of @entity1690 ( @entity1690 ), as @entity1690 is associated with low urethral pressure. @entity3577 ( @entity3577 ) damages the sphincteric mechanism extrinsic to the urethra. The aim of this study was to determine if @entity1690 can be predicted from voiding flow rates in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity3577 . METHODS: The charts of 82 @entity1 who had undergone surgery for repair of symptomatic vaginal prolapse were reviewed. Uroflow and urodynamic endpoints were compared between dry and stress incontinent @entity1 , and correlations between abdominal leak point pressures (LPP) and pressure/flow data evaluated. RESULTS: Average maximum flow (Q(max)) at uroflow was greater than at urodynamics with no significant difference in voided volumes. Twenty eight @entity1 were found to have urodynamic @entity3142 (SUI), and an additional 19 to have "occult" @entity3142 . @entity1 with SUI had higher flow rates at urodynamics than continent @entity1 . Voiding detrusor pressures and flow rates were not different when categorized by LPP cutoffs of 100 and 60 cm/w. Abdominal leak point pressure did not significantly correlate with any uroflow or urodynamic pressure/flow parameter. CONCLUSIONS: Flow rates, whether determined by uroflow testing or at urodynamics, are not predictive of @entity1690 as defined by a low abdominal leak point pressure, in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity3577 . Either the effect of @entity1690 on flow rates is a non-linear complex relationship or LPP does not adequately define @entity1690 .

title: Does uroflow predict XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['ISD', 'intrinsic sphincteric deficiency']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['POP', 'Pelvic organ prolapse']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence']

answer: @entity1690 :: (MESH:D046628,Disease) :: ['ISD']


abstract: DnaB helicases are motor proteins essential for DNA replication, repair, and recombination and may be a promising target for developing new drugs for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Previously, we established that @entity4213 significantly decreased the binding ability of @entity3274 DnaB helicase (KpDnaB) to @entity42636 . Here, we further investigated the effect of @entity4213 on the inhibition of the ssDNA binding, ATPase activity, and dsDNA-unwinding activity of KpDnaB. The ssDNA-stimulated ATPase activity of KpDnaB was decreased to 59%, 75%, 65%, and 57%, in the presence of @entity3091 , @entity3092 , @entity15605 , and @entity47593 , respectively. The ssDNA-binding activity of KpDnaB was only slightly decreased by @entity4213 . We used a continuous fluorescence assay, based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), for real-time monitoring of KpDnaB helicase activity in the absence and presence of @entity4213 . Using this assay, the @entity3095 -mediated inhibition of the dsDNA-unwinding activity of KpDnaB was observed. Modeled structures of bound and unbound DNA showed @entity4213 binding to KpDnaB with distinct poses. In addition, these structural models indicated that L214 is a key residue in binding any @entity3095 . On the basis of these results, we proposed mechanisms for @entity3095 inhibition of DNA helicase. The resulting information may be useful in designing compounds that target @entity3274 and other bacterial DnaB helicases.

title: Characterization of XXXX inhibition of DnaB helicase: real-time monitoring, structural modeling, and proposed mechanism.

entities_list: @entity3091 :: ('MESH:C040015', 'Chemical') :: ['myricetin']

entities_list: @entity15605 :: ('MESH:C006552', 'Chemical') :: ['kaempferol']

entities_list: @entity4213 :: ('MESH:D044948', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonols']

entities_list: @entity3095 :: ('CHEBI:5078', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonol']

entities_list: @entity3274 :: ('573', 'Species') :: ['K. pneumoniae', 'Klebsiella pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin']

answer: @entity3095 :: (CHEBI:5078,Chemical) :: ['flavonol']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Reorganization of brain function may result in preservation of motor function in @entity1 with @entity1313 . The goal of the present study was to investigate whether function of the primary motor area (M1) was restored and whether motor function improved after @entity1313 resection. METHODS: Five @entity1 with metastatic @entity1313 located within or near M1 underwent awake surgery with intraoperative cortical mapping and continuous task monitoring. Preoperative and postoperative functional MR imaging (fMRI) was performed during hand clenching, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed in 1 case to further characterize the area activated in fMRI. RESULTS: Preoperative fMRI performed during hand clenching demonstrated reorganization of motor function. In @entity1 with severe @entity1269 (cases 3, 4, and 5), clenching of the affected hand induced a large blood @entity26 level-dependent response in the right hemisphere, mainly in the anterior temporal lobe, despite the location site of the @entity5 . Postoperative fMRI during hand clenching demonstrated activation of the contralateral M1. Furthermore, in case 5, DTI detected tracts, possibly the @entity75 , arising from anterior temporal activated area as well as tracts connecting the premotor and M1 activated area. This @entity1 demonstrated @entity33159 of the hand during the course of motor function recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor resection resulted in restoration of M1 function and improved motor function in @entity1 with preoperative reorganization of M1 function. Furthermore, the preoperative reorganization of motor function in cases with severe @entity1269 may be related to changes in the right hemisphere, including the temporal lobe.

title: Restored activation of primary motor area from motor reorganization and improved motor function after XXXX resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['inferior longitudinal fasciculus']

entities_list: @entity33159 :: ('OMIM:157600', 'Disease') :: ['mirror movement']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: The replication of eukaryotic genomes necessitates the coordination of histone biosynthesis with DNA replication at the onset of S phase. The multiple histone H4 genes encode identical proteins, but their regulatory sequences differ. The contributions of these individual genes to histone H4 mRNA expression have not been described. We have determined, by real-time quantitative PCR and RNase protection, that the @entity1 histone H4 genes are not equally expressed and that a subset contributes disproportionately to the total pool of H4 mRNA. Differences in histone H4 gene expression can be attributed to observed unequal activities of the H4 gene promoters, which exhibit variations in gene regulatory elements. The overall expression pattern of the histone H4 gene complement is similar in normal and @entity5 cells. However, H4 genes that are moderately expressed in normal cells are sporadically silenced in @entity5 cells with compensation of expression by other H4 gene copies. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses and in vitro DNA binding assays indicated that 11 of the 15 histone H4 genes interact with the cell cycle regulatory histone nuclear factor P, which forms a complex with the cyclin E/ @entity15308 -responsive co-regulator @entity22352 ( @entity22352 ). These 11 H4 genes account for 95% of the histone H4 mRNA pool. We conclude that the cyclin E/ @entity15308 / @entity22352 ( @entity22352 )/histone nuclear factor P signaling pathway is the principal regulator of histone H4 biosynthesis.

title: Coordinate control and selective expression of the full complement of replication-dependent histone H4 genes in normal and XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors are considered first-line agents for @entity101 @entity1 with progressive @entity740 ( @entity740 ). In a previous study, we showed that stopping RAS inhibitors increased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in a significant number of advanced @entity740 @entity1 . The present study tries to address who would benefit and whether this benefit is predictable. METHODS: Forty-three @entity740 stage 4 @entity1 had RAS inhibitors stopped and were followed for at least 24 months. Compared outcome groups were 'alive', 'renal replacement therapy (RRT)' or 'died'. Improvement in eGFR was used in a receiver-operating characteristic curve and finds the best predictor for surviving without RRT. RESULTS: @entity1 who survived without RRT were all @entity101 and had a higher eGFR increment after stopping the drugs. Those with eGFR improvement >= 5 ml/min/1.73 m(2) were the most likely to survive long term without RRT (log-rank test, p = 0.03). They had a significant increment in blood pressure that correlated with eGFR improvement (r = 0.403, p = 0.013). CONCLUSION: A significant increase in eGFR after stopping RAS inhibitors suggests that long-term survival without RRT is more likely. Our findings question the universal preemptive indication of RAS inhibitors in advanced @entity740 and suggest that they can be safely stopped, at least in some @entity1 .

title: Stopping renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in XXXX : predictors of response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: @entity683 viruses are highly contagious viruses that are transmitted from @entity1 to @entity1 , usually by the airborne route. @entity1 in semi-closed or crowded environments, such as students and residents of nursing homes, are at high risk of exposure. The @entity221 attack rate in @entity1 ranges from 14% to 40% yearly. Fatality rates are highest in @entity1 who have chronic medical conditions, such as @entity1030 , @entity65 , and @entity6 , particularly if they are elderly. The effectiveness of @entity683 vaccine in preventing or @entity536 varies, depending primarily on (1) the degree of similarity between the virus strains included in the vaccine and those that circulate during the @entity683 season, and (2) the age and immunocompetence of the vaccine recipient. When there is a good match between vaccine and circulating viruses, @entity683 vaccine has been shown to prevent @entity221 in approximately 70% to 90% of healthy @entity1 less than 65 years of age. Adverse events following @entity683 vaccine include mild, local reactions at the injection site (up to 20%) and occasionally fever in approximately 1% of vaccinees. Despite the availability of an effective vaccine, only 55% of @entity1 65 years of age and older reported receiving @entity683 vaccine in 1994. Vaccination levels are even lower in @entity1 less than 65 years of age with high-risk medical conditions. Important procedures to improve vaccination rates are (1) assessment of a practice's or medical facility's current vaccination rates, (2) identification of target populations for vaccination, (3) formation of a specific goal (ie, percentage of target population to be immunized), (4) development of a plan of action, and (5) provision of ongoing feedback to the individual physicians about vaccination rates of their own @entity1 .

title: XXXX , @entity683 vaccine, and amantadine/rimantadine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'children', 'patients', 'persons', 'person']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'Influenza']

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['attenuating illness']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive lung disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['Influenza']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the impact of pelvic shape on prostate motion and the implications for radiotherapy target design and treatment outcomes. METHODS: A total of 3741 measurements (daily shift moves in the 3 principal directions) on 29 consecutive @entity263 @entity1 were reviewed. All @entity1 had 3 prostatic fiducials placed and were tracked using kilovoltage on-board imaging. Pelvic shape was categorized into android (n = 21; 2580 measurements) and gynecoid (n = 8; 1161 measurements) (defined geometrically by postoutlet to preoutlet ratio). Multivariate analyses of means/standard deviations in each principal direction were performed using major demographic, disease, anatomic, and treatment factors as covariates. @entity137 rates were compared using Fisher exact test. RESULTS: On simple t test comparisons, no mean/standard deviation reached significance, although there was a nonsignificant (0.38 vs. 0.31 cm, P = 0.083) larger mean antero-posterior (AP) movement in the gynecoid group. On multivariate analyses, gynecoid shape (P = 0.032) significantly predicted for mean AP movement, and gynecoid shape (P = 0.045) significantly predicted for standard deviation of AP movement. Pelvic AP and RL dimensions also correlated with mean and standard movement along the respective axes. There were no differences between rates of acute (GI or GU) @entity137 (P = 0.456) between the android and gynecoid groups. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment strategies that do not employ daily motion tracking may require wider planning target volume margins in gynecoid @entity1 . Tracking the prostate daily, as done in our case using fiducials/on-board imaging, can counter differences in pelvic shape to produce similar treatment outcomes.

title: Pelvic shape and prostate motion: implications for target volume design and analysis of acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']