abstract: Relatively little is known about pollen development at the molecular level. For the purpose of gaining understanding of the molecular control of pollen development, a number of @entity958 cDNA fragments were isolated using subtractive hybridizations. DNA and RNA hybridizations and sequence analyses indicate that we have isolated cDNAs representing 13 genes. Sequences for 8 of these genes are novel, while those for the remaining 5 genes have substantial similarity to genes previously reported as anther- or pollen-specific. RNA in situ hybridizations with 5 genes revealed that four of them are tapetum-specific with differing temporal expression patterns during pollen development and one is pollen-specific within the flower. Sequence analysis of full-length cDNAs showed that one of the novel genes, @entity54717 , encodes a protein related to lipid transfer proteins. Another gene, @entity54718 , encodes a protein with novel repeat sequences and a @entity2228 -rich domain that shares a predicted structure with a known cell wall protein. The full-length @entity54719 cDNA encodes a protein similar to the BGL4 beta-glucosidase from @entity4335 . The @entity54719 protein is predicted to have an ER retention signal and an acidic isoelectric point, suggesting that it may be localized to the ER lumen. This may be a means of compartmentalization from its substrate(s). Our studies demonstrate that subtractive hybridizations can be used to identify previously unknown genes, which should be valuable tools for further study of pollen and anther development and function.

title: Identification, sequence analysis and expression studies of novel anther-specific genes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity4335 :: ('3708', 'Species') :: ['Brassica napus']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap is the standard in autologous breast reconstruction. The management of local recurrence of @entity0 after TRAM flap breast reconstruction has not been well described. The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of local recurrence of @entity0 after TRAM flap breast reconstruction, evaluate treatment modalities, and determine outcomes in such cases. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of all @entity1 who underwent immediate breast reconstruction with a free or pedicled TRAM flap over a 15-year period. Those @entity1 who experienced local @entity0 recurrence were identified. A subset of complete skin-sparing mastectomy @entity1 was also identified for review. RESULTS: From 1987 to 2002, 419 TRAM flap breast reconstructions were performed in 395 @entity1 . Thirty-four (9 percent) were complete skin-sparing mastectomy using a periareolar mastectomy incision only. The mean follow-up time in this study was 4.9 years (range, 1 to 14.7 years). Local recurrence occurred in 16 of 419 @entity1 (3.8 percent), with a mean time to local recurrence of 1.6 years (range, 0.2 to 7.0 years). There were no local recurrences seen in @entity1 following complete skin-sparing mastectomy. Treatment of local recurrence included excision, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and bone marrow transplant. Only three of the 16 @entity1 (19 percent) required removal of the entire TRAM flap to manage local @entity0 recurrence. Nine of 16 @entity1 (56 percent) with local recurrence died of disease at a mean of 1.2 years after the development of recurrence. CONCLUSION: Long-term follow-up demonstrated a local recurrence rate after TRAM flap breast reconstruction similar to that reported in the literature. Local recurrence was effectively managed with surgical excision of the involved tissues, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy. Removal of the entire TRAM flap was only necessary in the setting of multifocal recurrence or involvement of the flap pedicle with disease. The risk of local recurrence was not increased following complete skin-sparing mastectomy.

title: XXXX local recurrence after mastectomy and TRAM flap reconstruction: incidence and treatment options.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: A new and very promising approach in vaccine development is the application of naked DNA. In comparison to conventional vaccines it offers several advantages, especially if there is a need for the development of low cost vaccines. Infection with high-risk @entity1 papillomaviruses (hr-HPVs) is the major risk factor for the development of @entity5 ( @entity5 ), the third most common @entity5 in @entity1 worldwide. The HPV E7 oncogene is constitutively expressed in HPV-infected cells and represents an excellent target for immune therapy of @entity66 . Therefore, we chose the @entity1799 E7 as model antigen in the development of a therapeutic DNA vaccine candidate. For safety reasons the use of a transforming gene like the @entity1799 E7 for DNA vaccination is not feasible in @entity1 . In consequence we have generated an artificial ("shuffled") @entity1799 E7-gene ( @entity1799 E7SH), containing all putative cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTLs) epitopes and exhibiting high safety features. Here, we show the induction of a strong E7-wildtype (E7WT) directed cellular and humoral immune response including @entity5 protection and regression after in vivo immunization in the @entity19 system. Moreover, the vaccine candidate demonstrated immunogenicity in @entity1 , demonstrated by priming of antigen-specific T cells in vitro. Importantly, the artificial HPV-gene has completely lost its transforming properties as measured in soft agar transformation assays. These results may be of importance for the development of vaccines based on oncogenes or oncoproteins.

title: An improved rearranged XXXX E7 DNA vaccine candidate ( @entity1799 E7SH) induces an E7 wildtype-specific T cell response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-related disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'cervical cancer', 'cc']

answer: @entity1799 :: (333760,Species) :: ['Human Papillomavirus Type 16']


abstract: The hippocampal formation is highly vulnerable to the aging process, demonstrating functional alterations in circuitry with aging. Aging may also change the sensitivity of the hippocampal formation to @entity75 . In this study, using young adult, middle aged, and aged Fischer 344 @entity35 , we evaluated morphometric changes in the dentate gyrus as a function of age and also in response to an administration of an excitotoxin ( @entity4176 ) into the right lateral ventricle. The dentate gyrus was measured for changes in the area of dentate hilus and the dentate granule cell layer, alterations in the width of the dentate granule cell layer, and degree of dentate hilar cell loss. With aging, the hilar area increased in size while the area and width of the dentate granule cell layer remained constant. However, the most striking change with aging was a significant reduction in the number of dentate hilar neurons. Intracerebroventricular @entity4176 produced consistent lesions in the entire ipsilateral @entity1251 region, and the size of @entity1251 lesion was identical in all three ages of animals. Following the lesion, areas of both the dentate hilus and the granule cell layer were significantly decreased in only young adult and middle aged animals whereas the width of the dentate granule cell layer was significantly increased only in the middle aged group. In contrast, dentate hilar neurons were significantly reduced in all ages of animals with the maximum reductions in neuron number observed in the aged group. Thus, aging in the dentate gyrus is characterized by a significantly decreased number of dentate hilar neurons and also a significantly increased susceptibility of dentate hilar neurons to excitotoxic damage.

title: Vulnerability of the dentate gyrus to aging and intracerebroventricular administration of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['excitotoxic lesions']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

answer: @entity4176 :: (MESH:D007608,Chemical) :: ['kainic acid']


abstract: Most bone marrow transplantation preparative regimens use total body irradiation as one component. Recently, however, two non-total body irradiation containing autologous bone marrow transplantation preparative regimens have been evaluated in @entity1 with @entity706 . The first regimen consisted of @entity3600 , @entity2879 , and @entity900 ; some @entity1 also received involved-field radiotherapy to sites of prior disease. Of the 79 @entity1 with relapsed or @entity706 who participated in this study, 57 (72%) achieved a complete remission and 40 (51%) remain in complete remission. Treatment-related @entity204 occurred in five @entity1 (6%). The second preparative regimen evaluated consisted of @entity1863 , @entity2879 , and @entity786 and included 21 @entity1 with @entity978 , @entity1893 , or @entity981 . Sixteen @entity1 (76%) achieved complete remission and 12 (57%) remain disease free. The regimen-related mortality rate in this study was 14%. The three treatment-related @entity204 were all due to @entity358 . The results of these clinical trials indicate that both the @entity3600 / @entity2879 / @entity900 regimen and the @entity1863 / @entity2879 / @entity786 regimen are effective in treating @entity706 . Treatment-related @entity137 and @entity204 are significant, but not prohibitive. Accordingly, these new preparative regimens deserve further evaluation in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity706 or @entity1778 .

title: Comparison of preparative transplantation regimens using @entity3600 / @entity2879 / @entity900 or @entity1863 / XXXX / @entity786 in @entity706 .

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['refractory lymphoma', 'lymphoma', 'lymphoid malignancies']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: Numerous stressors are routinely encountered by wild-living primates (e.g., food scarcity, predation, aggressive interactions, and @entity4801 ). Although many of these stressors are eliminated in laboratory environments, other stressors may be present in that access to space and social partners is often restricted. Stress affects many physiological systems including the @entity1636 , which is the focus of this review. The glucocorticoid, @entity701 , is the ultimate output of this system in nonhuman primates, and levels of this hormone are used as an index of stress. Researchers can measure @entity701 from several sampling matrices that include blood, saliva, urine, faeces, and hair. A comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of each sampling matrix is provided to aid researchers in selecting an optimal strategy for their research. Stress and its relationship to welfare have been examined in nonhuman primates using two complimentary approaches: comparing baseline @entity701 levels under different conditions, or determining the reactivity of the system through exposure to a stressor. Much of this work is focused on colony management practices and developmental models of @entity854 . Certain colony practices are known to increase stress at least temporarily. Both blood sampling and relocation are examples of this effect, and efforts have been made to reduce some of the more stressful aspects of these procedures. In contrast, other colony management practices such as social housing and environmental enrichment are hypothesized to reduce stress. Testing this hypothesis by comparing baseline @entity701 levels has not proved useful, probably due to "floor" effects; however, social buffering studies have shown the powerful role of social housing in mitigating reactions of nonhuman primates to stressful events. Models of @entity854 come from two sources: experimentally induced alterations in early experience (e.g., nursery rearing), and the spontaneous development of behavioural pathology (e.g., self-injurious behaviour). Investigators have often assumed that @entity854 is a marker for stress and thus such monkeys are predicted to have higher @entity701 levels than controls. However, an emerging finding is that monkeys with @entity854 are more likely to show a pattern of lowered @entity701 concentrations which may reflect either an altered set point or a blunting of the stress response system. These findings parallel @entity1 clinical studies demonstrating that @entity146 may be associated with either increased or decreased activity of the HPA system, depending on the aetiology and @entity74 and their potential influence in provoking allostatic shifts in system functioning.

title: Stress, the XXXX , and nonhuman primate well-being: A review.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal behaviour']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['manifestation of the disorder']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitism']

answer: @entity1636 :: (MESH:D018268,Disease) :: ['HPA axis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze @entity1374 incidentally found in @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity2742 and to compare the frequency of @entity3557 among @entity2742 varieties. @entity1 AND METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed 124 clinical records of @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity2742 by a single surgeon from January 1998 to June 2006. RESULTS: There were 105 @entity1 (84.7%) and 19 @entity1 (15.3%). The mean age was 59.7 +/- 15.66 years old. Of these, 115 (92.7%) were diagnosed with @entity459 and 9 (7.3%) with @entity8 . In the @entity459 group, 3 @entity1 (2.6%) had received neck irradiation compared with none in the @entity8 group. Thyroid gland surgery was performed simultaneously in 43 @entity1 (34.7%), 40 (34.8%) of them belonging to the first group and three (33.3%) to the second group (p = 1.00). Among the 115 @entity1 operated on for @entity459 , 6 @entity3557 (5.2%) were found and 2 (22.2%) were found among the 9 @entity1 with @entity8 , but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.105). CONCLUSIONS: An incidental finding of @entity1374 in @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity2742 is fairly frequent but no more so than that found in autopsy series. No statistically significant differences were found between primary and @entity8 in the prevalence of @entity3557 . Currently, neck irradiation does not seem to be a clinically significant factor in this issue. The high prevalence of @entity1374 in the general population warrants systematic neck ultrasound before @entity2742 surgery.

title: [ XXXX , goiter and well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. A common association with diagnostic implications].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinomas', 'papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism', 'different hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease', 'thyroid gland disease']

answer: @entity2742 :: (MESH:D006961,Disease) :: ['Hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: @entity2173 is a very rare precancerous @entity272 that is triggered by sunlight. It is caused by a defect in the DNA repair system and causes benign and malignant transformations. Only eye tissues that come into contact with UV light are affected, such as the lids, conjunctiva and @entity267 . We describe a @entity1 who suffered from @entity54923 , showing the typical skin alterations but no sign of @entity5 . A perforating keratoplasty was performed on both eyes because of the dense opacity of the corneas. The corneal buttons obtained were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. Degeneration was found only in the basal-cell layer of the corneal epithelium. The most severe morphological changes were seen in Bowman's layer, the @entity8165 , Descemet's membrane and the corneal epithelium. Bowman's layer was often interrupted or replaced by a degenerative @entity2070 , which extended into the underlaying stroma. Subepithelial "channels" were localized in the basal epithelium and @entity8165 . In both corneas, Descemet's membrane contained different amounts of so-called lattice collagen, and the remaining endothelial cells in the left @entity267 contained numerous melanin granules.

title: Histology and transmission electron microscopy of the @entity267 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8165 :: ('MESH:C567547', 'Disease') :: ['subepithelial stroma', 'protruded into the subepithelial stroma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity54923 :: ('MESH:C567886', 'Disease') :: ['xeroderma pigmentosum type C']

entities_list: @entity2173 :: ('MESH:D014983', 'Disease') :: ['Xeroderma pigmentosum']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease']

answer: @entity54923 :: (MESH:C567886,Disease) :: ['xeroderma pigmentosum type C']


abstract: A 55-year-old @entity1 was referred to the department of urology in our hospital with @entity703 , discovered during examinations at another hospital for @entity221 and @entity1353 on exertion. Because surgery was difficult due to severe @entity519 , @entity73 (restrictive) and bilateral diffuse interstitial shadows on chest X-ray film, the @entity1 was referred to our department. @entity401 was found on transbronchial lung biopsy, and serum GOT, LDH and @entity9153 values were elevated. These symptoms and abnormalities of laboratory data were improved by administration of @entity617 60 mg/day, and left nephrectomy was performed without any complications. Pathological examination of the surgical specimen showed @entity1358 (Grawitz). @entity134 therapy was tapered off and her clinical course was good. Six months after surgery, the @entity1 developed a recurrence of @entity221 , which was not responsive to antibiotics. @entity6558 was diagnosed on the basis of elevated serum GOT, LDH and @entity9153 , electromyogram and muscle biopsy findings and positive anti-Jo-1 antibody. @entity6558 / @entity6017 is sometimes associated with @entity401 or @entity5 , but rarely with both simultaneously. Moreover, @entity1358 is very rare among the @entity5 associated with @entity6558 / @entity6017 , and we therefore report this unusual case.

title: [A case of @entity401 associated with @entity6558 complicated by XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary function impairment']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'clear cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['Polymyositis', 'polymyositis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonitis', 'Interstitial pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['left renal tumor']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: The importance of delayed or secondary brain insults in the eventual outcome of closed-head @entity130 has been documented in experimental models. To understand this phenomenon in the clinical setting, we studied a series of head-injured @entity1 in whom multiple cranial computed tomographic (CT) scans were obtained. @entity1 whose follow-up CT studies revealed new @entity1504 or worsening, compared with admission findings, were considered to have delayed @entity131 . One hundred forty-nine (44.5%) of 337 consecutively studied @entity1 developed delayed @entity1545 . There were highly significant associations (P < 0.001) between the appearance of delayed cerebral insults and the severity of the initial @entity1545 , the need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the field, the presence of @entity1003 at admission, and subdural @entity1410 on the initial CT scan. In addition, delayed injury was associated (P < 0.001) with higher mortality, slowed recovery, and poorer outcome at 6 months. Delayed @entity1545 was not significantly associated with @entity1 age, sex, injury mechanism, associated injury, the need for endotracheal intubation in the field, early talking, @entity854 other than @entity2075 , or type of residual @entity51 . We used multiple regression analysis to explore the relationship between severity of @entity130 , and outcome. As expected, the severity of the initial @entity131 contributed significantly to neurological outcome. The presence of delayed @entity131 makes the outcome dramatically worse for each category of @entity130 severity. The relationship between initial and secondary @entity1545 is discussed.

title: Delayed and progressive XXXX in closed-head @entity130 : radiological demonstration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral injury', 'brain trauma']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial lesions']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['CT abnormality']

entities_list: @entity2075 :: ('MESH:D020198', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hematoma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury, delayed insults', 'initial injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: Adult @entity299 is one of the most important clinical issues not only for pediatric cardiologists but also adult cardiologists. After the introduction of catheter intervention for @entity118 in the pediatric population, therapeutic advantages of this less invasive procedure now focused on even geriatric @entity1 . The most valuable clinical benefit of this procedure is the significant improvement in symptoms and daily activities, which result from the closure of @entity1002 without thoracotomy or cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Although currently available therapeutic options for device closure for @entity299 in Japan are limited to @entity118 , @entity2461 , or some @entity455 such as @entity301 , various new techniques or devices such as @entity1757 device, @entity338 , are going to be introduced in the near future. To perform safely and achieve good procedure success, real time imaging plays an important role in interventional procedures. Real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography can provide high quality imaging for anatomical evaluation including defect size, surrounding rim morphology, and the relationship between device and septal rim. In adult @entity1 , optimal management of comorbidities is an important issue, including cardiac function, @entity943 , pulmonary function, and renal function. In particular, @entity943 are key issues for long-term outcome. Because the interventional procedures are not complication-free techniques, the establishment of a surgical back-up system is essential for achieving a safe procedure. Finally, the establishment of a team approach including pediatric and adult cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, and anesthesiologists is the most important factor for a good therapeutic outcome. Their roles include pre-interventional hemodynamic evaluation, good imaging technique for anatomical evaluation, management of comorbidities, and surgical back up.

title: Catheter intervention for adult @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary valve implantation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left to right shunt']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyze the @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ) nephrectomy and compare it with the standard open donor (SOD) nephrectomy with respect to incision size, operative time, complication rate, length of hospital stay, and recipient @entity1011 . METHODS: Forty-five consecutive @entity1 who underwent @entity1987 nephrectomy were compared with 13 @entity1 who had previously undergone SOD nephrectomy. The @entity1987 nephrectomy was performed through a minimally invasive incision using a modified, anterolateral, retroperitoneal approach without a rib resection. The incision length, operative time, complication rates, length of hospital stay, and recipient @entity1011 were analyzed. RESULTS: The average incision length in the @entity1987 group was 8.6 cm compared with 21.8 cm in the SOD group (P >0.005.) The operative times (209 minutes in the @entity1987 group versus 191 minutes in the SOD group) were not significantly different. Four @entity260 were encountered in the SOD group and seven in the @entity1987 group. The average hospital stay for the @entity1987 @entity1 was 2.5 days compared with 4.6 days in the SOD group, and as the procedure was refined, the length of stay was reduced to 1 day in 3 @entity1 . The recipient @entity1011 at 1 and 6 months was 1.39 and 1.4 mg/dL in the @entity1987 group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1987 nephrectomy allows the @entity1 to undergo a less morbid procedure with a more aesthetic incision. @entity1 have fewer complications, minimal anesthesia exposure, and short hospital stays.

title: Minimal incision living donor nephrectomy: improvement in XXXX outcome.

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['minimal incision living donor', 'MILD']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Twenty-three @entity1 at risk for @entity2033 ( @entity2033 ) have been studied using a polymorphic @entity1 linked DNA marker (D4S10) and positron emission tomography (PET). We determined the likelihood of inheritance of the gene for @entity2033 in 13 @entity1 , using DNA polymorphism studies. Of these, eight @entity1 had a greater than 90% probability of being presymptomatic heterozygotes for @entity2033 . Three of these eight subjects had caudate @entity413 utilization detected by PET that was more than 2 standard deviations (SD) below the age-matched control mean. Measurement of caudate @entity413 utilization in the other five presumed presymptomatic heterozygotes revealed results between 1 and 2 SD below the mean. Five @entity1 had a less than 10% likelihood of having inherited the abnormal gene for @entity2033 . Of these, four had normal rates of @entity413 utilization in the caudate nuclei. However, one individual with DNA results indicating a low risk of developing @entity2033 had abnormally low measures of caudate @entity413 utilization. This suggests that a recombination had occurred between the linked marker and the gene in this @entity1 . These studies suggest that PET studies of caudate @entity413 utilization may help to confirm results of DNA studies in some @entity1 , and may provide an opportunity to detect when DNA results may be incorrect due to recombination.

title: The combined use of positron emission tomography and DNA polymorphisms for preclinical detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease", 'HD']

answer: @entity2033 :: (MESH:D006816,Disease) :: ['Huntington's disease']


abstract: In resection arthroplasty of destroyed metacarpophalangeal joints stabilisation with a silicone spacer is regarded as the gold standard. In 28 @entity1 with @entity309 (34 hands) 102 arthroplasties of the metacarpophalangeal joint were assessed a median of 10 years postoperatively (range 8.7-12.5). All @entity1 reported pronounced subjective relief of @entity158 , and in three quarters function of the hand had improved. The median active range of movement decreased from 40 degrees (range 10 degrees-90 degrees) preoperatively to 35 degrees (range 5 degrees-85 degrees) postoperatively. Ulnar deviation was corrected from a median of 35 degrees (range 0 degrees-60 degrees) preoperatively to 10 degrees (range 0 degrees-40 degrees) postoperatively. The extension deficit was improved from a median of 35 degrees (range 10 degrees-80 degrees) before surgery to a median of 10 degrees (range 0 degrees-30 degrees) at follow up. Grip strength remained unchanged. Radiological examination showed surrounding @entity3061 in 89% of the implants and 28% had broken. The well-known discrepancy between fair clinical and good subjective results with distinct radiological findings such as @entity3061 was therefore confirmed. Material fatigue and sharp bony edges that result from @entity3061 may be the cause of the relatively common implant fractures and ulnar deviation in this long-term follow-up.

title: Ten-year follow-up of silicone arthroplasty of the metacarpophalangeal joints in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid hands']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of several pharmacological compounds on the motility and velocity of washed @entity1 spermatozoa. Results were evaluated by multiple exposure photography and computer-aided picture analysis. The motility-inhibiting effect of the antifertility drug @entity6319 was confirmed. @entity6319 proved to be a potent inhibitor of the @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) detectable in high concentrations in seminal plasma. However, @entity1 sperm motility was not inhibited during incubation with two other specific @entity1289 -inhibitors ( @entity3371 , @entity4688 ). On the contrary, high concentrations of @entity3371 even showed a slight motility-stimulating effect. These results indicate no direct involvement of @entity1289 in the regulation of sperm motility but suggest a direct interaction of @entity6319 with the plasma membrane of spermatozoa. To clarify whether or not @entity6319 blocks membranous ion transport, the effect of well-defined ion transport blocking agents on sperm motility was investigated. It was determined that the @entity934 receptor blocker alpha-bungarotoxin and @entity6105 , a specific calmodulin antagonist, inhibit sperm motility completely. Since stimulation of sperm motility by @entity3371 may be due to an alpha-mimetic action of this compound, the influence of two alpha receptor blockers ( @entity2847 , @entity30303 ) on sperm motility was studied. Although @entity30303 inhibited sperm motility completely, @entity2847 revealed no influence. A temporary and reversible intervention with membrane transport processes could be a suitable way to regulate @entity1 sperm motility and male fertility.

title: Effect of @entity1289 -inhibitors, calmodulin antagonists, @entity934 receptor blocking, and alpha receptor blocking agents on motility of XXXX sperm.

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme', 'ACE']

entities_list: @entity6319 :: ('MESH:D006072', 'Chemical') :: ['gossypol', 'Gossypol']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity6105 :: ('MESH:D014268', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoperazine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of @entity1284 on cardiac gene expression and the possible role of angiotensin AT1 receptor in such expression. @entity299 was prepared by abdominal aortocaval shunt in @entity35 . @entity35 with aortocaval shunt were treated with 1) vehicle, 2) an angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist, @entity15632 (10 mg/kg/d), or 3) an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, @entity29274 (10 mg/kg/d), for 7 days. Cardiac tissue mRNA was measured by Northern blot analysis with specific probes. Aortocaval shunt not only caused @entity1283 but also upregulated the gene expression of atrial natriuretic polypeptide, collagen III, and downregulated @entity141 -ATPase expression in the left ventricle. These changes were prevented by treatment with @entity15632 , while @entity29274 failed to normalize left ventricular @entity141 -ATPase expression. Unlike the left ventricle, the significant downregulation of alpha-myosin heavy chain and @entity19255 by aortocaval shunt was observed in the right ventricle, and @entity15632 normalized this decreased expression of @entity19255 . The left and right atria showed increased expression of collagen type I as well as of collagen type III and atrial natriuretic polypeptide, and these increases were more effectively prevented by @entity15632 than by @entity29274 . Thus, the effects of cardiac @entity1284 on cardiac performance-related gene expression differ between the ventricles and atria. Our results suggest that AT1 receptor partially contributed to @entity1284 -induced changes in cardiac gene expression and that AT1 receptor antagonists and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have different effects in this model of @entity1283 .

title: Effects of angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist on XXXX -induced cardiac gene expression in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity29274 :: ('MESH:C055603', 'Chemical') :: ['temocapril']

entities_list: @entity19255 :: ('25717(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-beta 3']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac volume overload']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume overload']

answer: @entity1284 :: (MESH:D019190,Disease) :: ['volume overload']


abstract: Recent technical advances allow detection of several hundred volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in @entity1 exhaled air, many of which reflect unidentified endogenous pathways. Our group has previously estimated plasma @entity413 levels in healthy adults during a standard oral @entity413 tolerance test via exhaled VOC analysis. As a result of the metabolic characteristics of @entity4854 in the @entity6 (low insulin and increased free @entity1718 and @entity16623 ), we hypothesized that different exhaled VOC profiles may be present in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) during spontaneous @entity4854 . Exhaled @entity56534 strongly correlated specifically with the acute, spontaneous @entity4854 of @entity6 @entity1 . Eighteen experiments were conducted among 10 @entity6 @entity1 . Plasma @entity413 and exhaled gases were monitored during either constant euglycemia (n = 5) or initial @entity4854 with gradual correction (n = 13); all subjects received i.v. insulin and @entity413 as needed. Gas analysis was performed on 1.9-liter breath samples via gas chromatography using electron capture, flame ionization, and mass selective detection. Among the approximately 100 measured exhaled gases, the kinetic profile of exhaled @entity56534 , commonly present in room air in the range of 5-10 parts per trillion, was most strongly statistically correlated with that of plasma @entity413 (P = 0.003-0.001). Indeed, the kinetic profiles of the two variables paralleled each other in 16 of 18 experiments, including repeat subjects who at different times displayed either euglycemia or @entity4854 .

title: Exhaled @entity56534 as a noninvasive marker of @entity4854 in type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic', 'T1DM']

entities_list: @entity56534 :: ('MESH:C421036', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl nitrate']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: Phase I: To determine the maximum tolerated doses, @entity137 , and pharmacokinetics of @entity2213 (Gleevec) in @entity1 with @entity11 taking enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (EIAED) or not taking EIAED. Phase II: To determine the therapeutic efficacy of @entity2213 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Phase I component used an interpatient dose escalation scheme. End points of the phase II component were 6-month progression-free survival and response. RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 enrolled in the phase I component (27 EIAED and 23 non-EIAED). The maximum tolerated dose for non-EIAED @entity1 was 800 mg/d. Dose-limiting @entity137 were @entity1398 , @entity1910 , and elevated @entity493 aminotransferase. EIAED @entity1 received up to 1,200 mg/d @entity2213 without developing dose-limiting @entity137 . Plasma exposure of @entity2213 was reduced by approximately 68% in EIAED @entity1 compared with non-EIAED @entity1 . Fifty-five non-EIAED @entity1 (34 @entity463 multiforme and 21 @entity11 ) enrolled in the phase II component. @entity1 initially received 800 mg/d @entity2213 ; 15 @entity11 @entity1 received 600 mg/d after @entity548 were observed. There were 2 partial response and 6 stable disease among @entity463 multiforme @entity1 and 0 partial response and 5 stable disease among @entity11 @entity1 . Six-month progression-free survival was 3% for @entity463 multiforme and 10% for @entity11 @entity1 . Five phase II @entity1 developed @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: Single-agent @entity2213 has minimal activity in @entity11 . @entity5322 inducers, such as EIAEDs, substantially decreased plasma exposure of @entity2213 and should be avoided in @entity1 receiving @entity2213 for @entity1860 and @entity674 . The evaluation of the activity of combination regimens incorporating @entity2213 is under way in phase II trials.

title: Phase I/II study of @entity2213 for recurrent XXXX : North American Brain Tumor Consortium Study 99-08.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages', 'intratumoral hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic glioma', 'malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'imatinib mesylate']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant gliomas']


abstract: Follicle histogenesis, in which follicles arise from fragmenting ovigerous cords, is a poorly understood mechanism that is strictly dependent upon the presence of germ cells. Our previous studies have shown that severely germ cell-depleted @entity35 ovaries after fetal gamma-irradiation display modifications of follicular endowment and dynamics during the immature period. The primordial follicle stock was absent and the follicles with primary appearance remained quiescent longer than in control ovaries during the neonatal period. The aim of the present work was to analyze the initial steps of follicle histogenesis, and to investigate the etiology of the alterations observed in the development of irradiated ovaries. Just after birth, we observed, in addition to sterile ovigerous cords, the emergence of the first follicles which exhibited several abnormal features as compared to those of control ovaries. Most of the follicles appeared as primary follicles, as they were composed of a layer of cuboidal-shaped granulosa cells surrounding an enlarged oocyte. Interestingly, the granulosa cells of these primary-like follicles did not proliferate and did not express the genes for anti-M  llerian hormone (Amh) or @entity24535 ( @entity24535 ), both of which are normally expressed from the primary stage onwards. In contrast, the oocytes strongly expressed the gene for @entity54600 ( @entity54600 ), which is normally upregulated from the primary follicle stage onwards, which suggests an uncoupling of granulosa cell development from oocyte development. In addition, irradiated ovaries displayed a higher frequency of follicles that contained 2 or 3 oocytes, which are also referred to as multi-oocyte follicles (MOFs). Examination at the time of follicle histogenesis indicated that MOFs arise from incomplete ovigerous cord breakdown. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that severe perturbations of follicular histogenesis take place following irradiation and massive germ cell depletion during fetal life. In addition to the classically described sterile cords, we have pointed out the differentiation of MOFs and primary-like quiescent follicles, which finally evolve into growing follicles and participate in ovarian function. We propose that these phenotypes are closely correlated to the proportion of granulosa cells to oocytes at the time of neonatal follicle histogenesis.

title: Consequences of fetal irradiation on follicle histogenesis and early follicle development in XXXX ovaries.

entities_list: @entity24535 :: ('140590(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Bmpr2', 'bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II']

entities_list: @entity54600 :: ('59304(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['growth and differentiation factor 9', 'Gdf9']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of operable locally advanced N2 @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is a controversial topic. Concurrent chemoradiation (CT-RT) is considered the standard of care for inoperable or unresectable @entity1 , but the role of trimodality treatment remains controversial. We present our institution's experience with the management of stage III (N2) @entity1149 @entity1 , analyzing whether the addition of surgery improves survival when compared with definitive CT-RT alone. METHODS: From 1996 to 2006, 72 N2 @entity1149 @entity1 were treated. Thirty-four @entity1 received @entity900 -based induction chemotherapy, followed by @entity1311 - @entity900 CT-RT, and 38 @entity1 underwent surgery preceded by induction and/or followed by adjuvant therapy. Survival curves were estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis, and the differences were assessed with the log-rank test. RESULTS: Most of the @entity1 (87 %) were @entity1 . The median age was 59 years. A statistically significant association between T3-T4c and definitive CT-RT as well as between T1-T2c and surgery was noted (p < 0.0001). After a median follow-up period of 35 months, the median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 42 months for the surgery group versus 41 months for the CT-RT @entity1 (p = 0.590). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 14 months after surgery and 25 months after CT-RT (p = 0.933). Responders to radical CT-RT had a better @entity1349 than non-responders (43 vs. 17 months, respectively, p = 0.011). No significant differences were found in the @entity1349 or PFS between the pN0 [14 (37.8 %) @entity1 ] and non-pN0 @entity1 at thoracotomy. Three treatment-related @entity204 (7.8 %) were observed in the surgical cohort and none in the CT-RT group. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of surgery did not render a median @entity1349 or PFS benefit when compared with CT-RT alone in our series of stage III-N2 @entity1149 @entity1 , in accordance with previously published data. However, responses to CT-RT had a greater impact in terms of @entity1349 and PFS. Although the @entity1 selected for management including surgery showed a favorable T clinical staging in comparison to @entity1 exclusively treated with definitive CT-RT, similar survival outcomes were found.

title: The multimodal management of locally advanced N2 XXXX : is there a role for surgical resection? A single institution's experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: The effects of salt stress were studied on growth and physiology of @entity3587 ( @entity3587 . cv. Green Arrow) in a pot study. @entity3587 plants were treated with @entity1219 at 0, 10, 30, 50 and 70 mM in Hoagland solution. Plants were harvested after 21 days for measurements of physiological parameters. The highest NAR and RGR were found in 10 mM @entity1219 . However, in 70 mM @entity1219 , RGR and RLGR were significantly decreased in respect of other concentrations of @entity1219 . In 50 and 70 mM @entity1219 , @entity38 contents and photosynthetic rate, were significantly decreased and @entity515 compensation concentration and respiration rate increased in comparison with control. In 10 and 30 mM @entity1219 gas exchanges and chlorophyll contents were not significantly decrease in respect of control. Results indicated that @entity3587 . cv. Green Arrow can tolerate to 70 mM @entity1219 , also growth of plants in 10 and 30 mM @entity1219 was better than that of those in 0 mM @entity1219 .

title: Growth and some physiological attributes of XXXX ( @entity3587 .) as affected by salinity.

entities_list: @entity38 :: ('MESH:D002734', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophylls']

entities_list: @entity3587 :: ('3888', 'Species') :: ['Pisum sativum L', 'Pea', 'pea']

answer: @entity3587 :: (3888,Species) :: ['pea']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the relation of arterial compliance to @entity67 in @entity101 @entity1 with suspected @entity712 ( @entity712 ). @entity1 : 70 medically treated @entity101 @entity1 with exertional dyspnoea (40 @entity1 , mean (SD) age 58 (8) years) and 15 normotensive controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mitral annular early diastolic velocity with tissue Doppler imaging and flow propagation velocity were used as linear measures of diastolic function. Arterial compliance was determined by the pulse pressure method. RESULTS: According to conventional Doppler echocardiography of transmitral and pulmonary venous flow, diastolic function was classified as normal in 33 @entity1 and abnormal in 37 @entity1 . Of those with @entity67 , 28 had mild (impaired relaxation) and nine had advanced (pseudonormal filling) dysfunction. Arterial compliance was highest in controls (mean (SD) 1.32 (0.58) ml/mm Hg) and became progressively lower in @entity1 with @entity101 and normal function (1.04 (0.37) ml/mm Hg), impaired relaxation (0.89 (0.42) ml/mm Hg), and pseudonormal filling (0.80 (0.45) ml/mm Hg, p = 0.011). In @entity1 with @entity67 , arterial compliance was inversely related to age (p = 0.02), blood pressure (p < 0.001), and estimated filling pressures (p < 0.01) and directly related to diastolic function (p < 0.01). After adjustment for age, sex, body size, blood pressure, and @entity123 , arterial compliance was independently predictive of @entity67 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity101 @entity1 with exertional dyspnoea, progressively abnormal diastolic function is associated with reduced arterial compliance. Arterial compliance is an independent predictor of @entity67 in @entity1 with @entity101 and should be considered a potential target for intervention in diastolic @entity712 .

title: Relation of arterial stiffness to XXXX in @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'diastolic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive heart disease', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['diastolic dysfunction']


abstract: Unfractionated peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) grafts contain measurable quantities of @entity1582 cells and are therefore a potential source of relapse posttransplantation. In contrast, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-sorted @entity2280 + @entity5399 + Lin- peripheral blood cells are substantially enriched for stem cell activity, yet contain virtually no clonal @entity1582 cells. A study was performed in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1582 , who had received 12 months or less of preceding standard chemotherapy, to evaluate the feasibility of large scale purification of primitive hematopoietic stem cells in order to study engraftment kinetics posttransplantation and the degree of @entity5 cell contamination of this cell population, based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis for the @entity1 -specific complementarity-determining region III (CDR III). PBSC were mobilized with high dose @entity786 and @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ). A combination of elutriation and chemical lysis was used to deplete PBSC collections of monocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets. Subsequently, @entity2280 + @entity5399 + Lin- progenitor cells were purified with high speed cell sorting. Of the 10 evaluable @entity1 , nine met the required minimum criteria of >/=7.2 x 10(5) cells/kg to support tandem transplants. After high dose @entity3601 (200 mg/m2) eight engrafted successfully, although granulocyte (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] >0.5 x 10(9)/L, 16 days) and platelet recovery (platelets > 50 x 10(9)/L, 39 days) was substantially delayed when compared with unmanipulated PBSC grafts; one @entity1 required infusion of a reserve graft because of lack of evidence of engraftment by day +28. Three @entity1 proceeded to a second graft with high dose melphalan and total body irradiation; two required infusion of a reserve graft and both died of infectious complications; one showed delayed, but complete, engraftment after this myeloablative regimen. Two of the nine evaluable @entity1 attained a clinical complete remission (CR). The grafts from three @entity1 were tested for @entity5 contamination and contained no detectable clonal @entity1582 cells. Larger quantities of purified cells may be required to resolve the problem of delayed engraftment.

title: Collection, XXXX contamination, and engraftment kinetics of highly purified hematopoietic progenitor cells to support high dose therapy in multiple @entity1582 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Proliferation of lipolysosomes is one of the characteristic aspects of embryonic @entity1573 hepatocytes. Formation of lipolysosomes is observed in the well-developed trans-Golgi network, with the highest frequency occurring from 11 to 14 days of incubation. The lipolysosomes usually contain a small and electron-dense lipid inclusion; however, during development, they gradually enlarge with an accompanying reduction in the electron density of the inclusion. Lipolysosomes isolated from neonatal @entity1573 liver homogenates were mainly composed of esterified @entity165 and showed considerably high activity of lysosomal enzymes. Moreover, the lipolysosome fraction is clearly shown to be a function of intralysosomal lipolysis via acid lipase. This accumulation of esterified @entity165 within lipolysosomes might be attributed to an excessive uptake and conversion of plasma lipoproteins to lipolysosomes. This concept is supported by the appearance of an abundance of coated pits and both "early" and "late" endosomes. The major components of plasma lipoprotein are low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL), the @entity165 -rich lipoproteins, whose @entity165 content increases during the last week of incubation when the lipolysosomes quickly enlarge. Plasma lipoprotein particles are produced in the yolk sac epithelium from yolk very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and transferred via the vitelline circulation to the @entity1573 liver. After hatching, when the supply of nutrients from the yolk sac is terminated, lipolysosomes immediately decrease in size and number. The @entity165 and @entity1718 released are useful as an energy source and lipid metabolism in general, especially after hatching. Food intake induces the use of and accelerates the disappearance of lipolysosomes. Instead of lipolysosomes, lipid droplets appear and increase in number and size with concomitant increases of @entity412 concentrations in the liver homogenates, suggesting that lipogenesis has begun in the @entity1573 hepatocyte.

title: Biogenesis and function of lipolysosomes in developing XXXX hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: An in vitro model was developed for investigation of @entity5132 penetration into @entity1 dentinal tubules. The model consisted of a dentin disc mounted between two cuvettes that each had a circular opening facing the disc. The cuvettes were filled with Tryptic-Soy-Broth, and the pulpal side cuvette was inoculated with @entity5132 and incubated at 37 degrees C in air until growth occurred in the uninoculated cuvette or up to 30 days. The system was also used with @entity797 . Completely glue-covered dentin specimens served as negative controls. Brown _ Brenn-stained histological preparations of the specimens were examined with light microscopy. The time needed before growth occurred in the uninoculated cuvette showed great variation with @entity5132 , whereas @entity797 penetrated within 1 to 5 days of incubation. Slight penetration both by hyphae and @entity375 cells was observed in specimens inoculated with @entity5132 , whereas specimens inoculated with @entity797 showed deep and effective penetration. This study demonstrates the penetration of dentin as a possible pathway of infection by @entity5132 . However, dentin penetration by @entity5132 was slow and limited in comparison with @entity797 .

title: In vitro XXXX infection of @entity1 dentin.

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['E. faecalis', 'Enterococcus faecalis']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: @entity17097 and @entity189 in lupo have become rare events that take place in the developed countries only under special circumstances. A 53-year-old @entity1 developed such a @entity189 . She suffered from @entity988 , a well known risk factor for @entity378 . The diagnosis of @entity17097 was confirmed by biopsy when an @entity75 on her arm that had been present for 25 years enlarged and subsequently ulcerated. Chemotherapy was discontinued because of lack of compliance and the @entity1066 grew markedly over the following 16 months. Therefore the entire lesion was excised. Histology showed a @entity957 within the @entity1066 . Neither further systemic manifestations of @entity378 nor metastases of the @entity189 were found. Under continuous combined antituberculous therapy, the @entity1 remained free of symptoms. This case underlines the problems associated with a disease that has been nearly forgotten in the western countries. It also shows that @entity988 is a risk factor for @entity378 , along with debilitating diseases such as @entity706 and @entity791 as well as immunosuppressive therapy.

title: [ @entity957 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['erythematous lesion']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity17097 :: ('MESH:D008177', 'Disease') :: ['Lupus vulgaris', 'lupus vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity17097 :: (MESH:D008177,Disease) :: ['lupus vulgaris']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Tears of the abductor mechanism of the hip are well recognized, but poorly understood. Little is known of the effect of demographics and pathology on prevalence of abductor mechanism tears or the impact on clinical outcome. METHODS: This prospective study analysed the effect of age, gender, medical co-morbidity and social deprivation on prevalence of abductor mechanism tears of the hip in 835 consecutive @entity1 undergoing @entity572 ( @entity572 ) between 2003 and 2011. Effect on clinical outcome relating to presence of abductor mechanism tear was analysed in a subset at pre-op and at 1 year post-operation using the Oxford hip score (OHS). RESULTS: The prevalence of abductor mechanism tears was 25.4 % (n = 212). Female @entity1 (p < 0.001), older @entity1 (p = 0.001) and those of lower socioeconomic status (p < 0.001) were significantly more likely to have a pre-operative abductor mechanism tear. In older socially deprived females the predicted rate of tear is 70.9 %. The aetiology of the @entity572 (p = 0.593) or presence of any specific co-morbidity (p = 0.085-0.929) had no significant effect on the prevalence of abductor mechanism tears. In @entity1 with @entity2632 or @entity1141 there was an increased prevalence of tears (p = 0.002). There was no significant difference in pre-operative (p = 0.775) or post-operative (p = 0.604) OHSs regardless of the tears when the tears were recognized and treated at the time of @entity572 . CONCLUSIONS: Tears are increasingly prevalent in @entity1 of advancing years and lower socioeconomic status which should be considered when planning operative approach in this demographic. When recognised and repaired there is no difference in the clinical outcome for those with abductor mechanism tears of the hip.

title: Abductor mechanism tears in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2632 :: ('MESH:D057887', 'Disease') :: ['protrusion']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['THA', 'hip disease', 'total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['total hip arthroplasty']


abstract: @entity11511 ( @entity11511 ) is an aggressive @entity1778 . However the poor prognosis and low morbidity restrict further analysis of the disease. Therefore there is an increasing demand to develop animal models for identifying novel therapeutic approaches. In this study, we inoculated the anti-mouse @entity11000 monoclonal antibody conditioned NOD/ @entity915 @entity19 with the @entity1778 cells from 9 @entity11511 @entity1 and 1 cell line via the tail vein. Four of the 9 @entity1 and the cell line were successfully engrafted. Flow cytometry detected high percentage of @entity1 @entity1195 (+) cells in recipient @entity19 . Immunohistochemistry showed infiltration of @entity1 @entity1195 (+) cells in different organs. Serial transplantation was also achieved. In vivo drug treatment showed that @entity619 could extend survival, which was consistent with clinical observation. These results demonstrated that we successfully established 5 xenotransplantation models of @entity11511 in anti-mCD122 mAb conditioned NOD/ @entity915 @entity19 , which recapitulated the characteristics of original disease.

title: Establishment of reproducible xenotransplantation model of XXXX in NOD/ @entity915 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity11511 :: ('MESH:D054218', 'Disease') :: ['T-ALL', 'T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

answer: @entity11511 :: (MESH:D054218,Disease) :: ['T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acupuncture on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in brain tissues of @entity35 with traumatic brain injuny. METHODS: Thirty SD @entity35 were randomly and equally allocated to the sham-operated, the model and the acupuncture groups. The @entity131 model was established by the free drop method. For the @entity35 in the acupuncture group, acupuncture was applied once a day for 7 days. Brain histotomy was carried out when treatments were completed. Immunohistochemical techniques were adopted to detect the cells that express @entity38668 , neurofilament proteins (NF)-200 and @entity40 ( @entity40 ), the markers of neural stem cells, neurons, astrocytes respectively. RESULTS: Compared to the sham-operated group, the number of @entity38668 -positive cells and NF-200-positive cells in brain tissues was decreased significantly in the model group (P < 0.01), whereas the number of @entity40 -positive cells was significantly increased P<0.01). Compared to the model group, the positive cells of @entity38668 , NF-200, @entity40 in brain tissues in the acupuncture group were increased obviously (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Acupuncture can significantly increase the number of @entity38668 -positive cells, NF-200-positive cells and @entity40 -positive cells, indicating the significant increase of neural stem cells, neurons and astrocytes in number. Acupuncture can improve neuranagenesis by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in brain tissues. This might be one of the mechanisms for acupuncture to treat @entity131 and to promote the repair of nervous function.

title: Effect of acupuncture on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in brain tissues of @entity35 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity40 :: ('24387(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['glial fibrillary acidic proteins', 'GFAP']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: @entity604 and @entity79 are the commonly encountered periodontal problems. Large defects do not heal spontaneously and thus require surgical interventions with bone substitutes. Bone grafts have the disadvantages of eliciting an immunologic response with subsequent graft rejection. The success rate of Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR) is variable because of high susceptibility to @entity281 . Thus emerged the important role of synthetic biomaterials and hence for this purpose we developed a nanocomposite scaffold, using alpha- and beta-chitin hydrogel with bioactive glass ceramic nanoparticles (nBGC) and @entity575 nanoparticles ( @entity11895 ) by lyophilization technique (aalpha and beta-chitin hydrogel/nBGC/ @entity11895 nanocomposite scaffold). The prepared nanoparticles and nanocomposite scaffolds were characterized. In addition, the porosity, swelling, mechanical properties, antibacterial activity, in vitro degradation and biomineralization, cell viability, cell attachment and cell proliferation ability of the prepared composite scaffolds were also evaluated. The results showed that alpha- and beta-chitin/nBGC/ @entity11895 composite scaffolds were porous and have the capacity to absorb fluids and swell. The composite scaffolds also showed enhanced antibacterial activity, bioactivity and controlled degradation in comparison to the control scaffolds. Cell viability studies proved the non-toxic nature of the nanocomposite scaffolds. Cell attachment and cell proliferation studies revealed the attachment and spreading nature of cells. All these studies revealed that, these antibacterial nanocomposite scaffolds could be a promising approach for the management of periodontal defects.

title: Antibacterial and bioactive alpha- and beta-chitin hydrogel/nanobioactive glass ceramic/nano XXXX composite scaffolds for periodontal regeneration.

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['Alveolar bone loss']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defects']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity575 :: (MESH:D012834,Chemical) :: ['silver']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complete remission of B-precursor @entity981 ( @entity981 ) has traditionally been defined as the near absence of lymphoblasts in a light-microscopical examination of stained bone marrow smears, but a @entity1 in remission may still harbor up to 10(10) @entity1778 cells. We investigated whether there is a relation between the outcome of treatment and submicroscopic evidence of @entity66 . METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of @entity1 during a first clinical remission using a quantitative polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) assay capable of detecting 1 viable @entity1778 cell among 200,000 normal marrow mononuclear cells and a clonogenic blast-colony assay. Bone marrow specimens from 24 @entity1 were sequentially evaluated during a five-year period, and the results were compared with the clinical outcome. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 relapsed and 17 remained in remission 2 to 35 months after the completion of treatment. The levels of @entity1778 -cell DNA in the two groups were significantly different (P<0.001; 95 percent confidence interval for the difference in the mean log-transformed ratio of @entity1778 -cell DNA to normal bone marrow-cell DNA, 0.38 to 1.28). Autoregression analyses identified trends for individual @entity1 that were associated with relapse. Despite continued remission in 17 @entity1 , evidence of @entity1778 was detected by PCR in 15 and by both PCR and blast-colony assays in 7. CONCLUSIONS: Molecular signs of @entity1778 can persist up to 35 months after the cessation of chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity981 in remission. This suggests that eradication of all @entity1778 cells may not be a prerequisite for cure.

title: @entity1778 during remission in childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['residual leukemia', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: 1. We have investigated the effects of the phosphodiesterase (PDE) type IV inhibitor @entity7428 and of the glucocorticoid @entity1667 on the induction of @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity1505 ) mRNA and protein in brains of @entity35 after peripheral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 2. After intravenous administration of LPS, a similar time-dependent induction of both @entity1505 mRNA and protein was observed in @entity35 brain. Peak mRNA and protein levels were found 7 h after administration of LPS. 3. In situ hybridization experiments with a specific antisense @entity1505 riboprobe suggested that the cells responsible for @entity1505 production in the brain were microglia. 4. Intraperitoneal administration of @entity1667 inhibited the induction of @entity1505 protein in a dose-dependent manner. A maximal inhibition of @entity1505 protein production by 42.9+/-10.2% was observed at a dose regimen consisting of two injections of each 30 mg kg(-1) @entity1667 . 5. Intraperitoneal administration of @entity7428 also inhibited the induction of @entity1505 protein in a dose-dependent manner. The maximal inhibition of @entity1505 protein production was 96.1+/-12.2% and was observed at a dose regimen of three separate injections of each 3 mg kg(-1) @entity7428 . 6. In situ hybridization experiments showed that the level of @entity1505 mRNA induced in @entity35 brain by LPS challenge was reduced by intraperitoneal administration of @entity1667 (2 x 15 mg kg(-1)) and of @entity7428 (3 x 3 mg kg(-1)). 7. We suggest that peripheral administration of LPS induces a time-dependent expression of @entity1505 in @entity35 brain, presumably in microglial cells, and that @entity1667 and @entity7428 inhibit LPS-induced expression of @entity1505 in these cells via a decrease of @entity1505 mRNA stability and/or @entity1505 gene transcription.

title: Lipopolysaccharide induces expression of XXXX necrosis factor alpha in @entity35 brain: inhibition by @entity1667 and by @entity7428 .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity7428 :: ('MESH:D020889', 'Chemical') :: ['rolipram']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: The distribution of epidermal growth factor (EGF) was examined by immunocytochemistry in the kidneys of @entity35 exposed to @entity4509 , an @entity4028 antibiotic causing @entity4295 at high dose. Five-animal groups were treated for 4 or 10 days with @entity4509 at daily doses of 15, 40, 80 or 200 mg/kg. The drug was delivered i.p. twice a day. One hour before termination, each @entity35 received an i.p. injection of @entity665 to evaluate DNA synthesis in renal tissue. After sacrifice, the kidneys were processed for morphological (semithin and paraffin sections) and biochemical analysis (measurement of DNA synthesis by @entity665 incorporation in vivo). @entity4509 induced in proximal tubules a dose-related lysosomal phospholipidosis, which was assessed by the morphometric evaluation of altered lysosomes ("myeloid bodies") on semithin section. However, frank evidence of @entity4295 was only observed in @entity35 receiving @entity4509 at a daily dose of 200 mg/kg. Concomitantly with the development of @entity4295 , there was a rise in the rate of cell turnover, reflected by an increase of DNA synthesis in renal tissue. This sign of tubular regeneration was accompanied by a redistribution of EGF immunoreactivity, as revealed by immunocytochemical staining. Within renal cortex of control @entity35 , EGF immunoreactivity predominantly appeared in distal tubules and collecting ducts (97% of examined tubular sections). In contrast, in treated animals where the renal cortex displayed evidence of @entity4295 /regeneration, EGF immunoreactivity was frequently associated with proximal tubules (more than 30% of examined tubular sections, as compared to 3% in controls).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Distribution of epidermal growth factor in the kidneys of @entity35 exposed to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis', 'tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin', 'Amikacin']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H] thymidine']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity4509 :: (MESH:D000583,Chemical) :: ['amikacin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: It has been suggested that maternal smoking during pregnancy has an effect on @entity28 . We previously clarified the association between maternal lifestyle habits practiced during pregnancy, including smoking, and @entity28 and overweight at 9-10 years of age. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate this association through survival analysis. METHODS: This study was based on an on-going community-based prospective cohort study initiated in the fetal stage called Project Koshu. The study population comprised of the @entity1 of Project Koshu, who were @entity1 born in a rural Japanese area between 1991 and 1999 and their mothers. In this project, maternal smoking status during pregnancy was collected through a questionnaire and childhood anthropometric data were measured at annual medical check-ups from 3 years of age to 9-10 years of age. Using these data, we performed a survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method to compare the cumulative rate of @entity28 and overweight between those with mothers who smoked during pregnancy and those who did not. Subsequently, we calculated the hazard ratio (HR) of the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on @entity28 using the Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: In the survival analysis of @entity28 , we analyzed the data of 1428 @entity1 and their mothers (follow-up rate: 87.7%). Of these, 290 @entity1 (20.3%) became overweight and 92 @entity1 (6.4%) became obese between 3 years of age and 9-10 years of age. This shows that the cumulative rate of @entity28 was significantly different between mothers with and without smoking habits (P < 0.001). Using the Cox proportional hazard model, we analyzed the data of 1204 @entity1 and their mothers (follow-up rate: 74.0%). Of these, 255 @entity1 (21.2%) became overweight and 76 @entity1 (6.3%) became obese between 3 years of age and 9-10 years of age. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was found to be associated with @entity28 (HR, 2.0; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-4.0). However, there was no significant association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood overweight. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the effect of fetal environmental factors on @entity28 is more pronounced than that on childhood overweight. These results suggest that maternal smoking during pregnancy may be a significant factor in the association between fetal environment and post-delivery development.

title: [A survival analysis approach to assess the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['childhood obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['childhood obesity']


abstract: Little is known about the neural control of female responses to male courtship. Female European starlings in breeding condition with high concentrations of @entity172 select mates based on variation in song and approach nest boxes broadcasting male song. In contrast, outside of the breeding season (when @entity172 is low) females do not display the same response to male song. The @entity2661 @entity935 and @entity1063 regulate behaviors important for mate choice such as arousal, attention, sexual motivation, and goal-directed approach responses, suggesting a role for @entity2661 in female responses to male song. In the present study, treating females with a @entity935 agonist inhibited, whereas an antagonist stimulated female interest in nest boxes broadcasting male song. In a second study immunocytochemistry was used to examine the distribution of the phosphorylated (i.e., active) form of @entity669 hydroxylase ( @entity461 ), the rate-limiting enzyme for @entity2922 synthesis. Exposure to male song in breeding condition females reduced @entity461 density in brain regions involved in social behavior (lateral septum, ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus) and a region involved in visual processing (nucleus of Edinger-Westphal) but not song control regions. Opposite patterns of @entity461 labeling densities were observed in the same regions in response to song in non-breeding condition females. @entity461 in the ventral tegmental area was also affected by song and female endocrine condition. Overall, the present data support an inhibitory role for @entity935 in female responses to courtship and suggest that endocrine state and @entity2661 interact to regulate this behavior.

title: Evidence that female endocrine state influences XXXX responses to male courtship song in European starlings.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity2922 :: (CHEBI:33567,Chemical) :: ['catecholamine']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop and provisionally validate a novel scoring index for preoperative @entity5 in childhood @entity43 . METHODS: Fifty-five @entity1 aged 18 and below underwent surgery for ovarian masses between 2004 and 2009. Benign or non-benign histological diagnoses (the latter including all @entity5 and @entity5 containing immature components) were correlated with clinical and biochemical parameters, and blinded scores of ultrasound and computed-tomography using multivariate logistic regression. Regression coefficients were used as weighting factors to create an additive index. This index was validated prospectively against 23 consecutive adnexal masses operated in 2010. RESULTS: In total, 67 @entity5 were benign and 11 non-benign. Non-benign diagnosis was independently associated with the maximum diameter of the largest solid component (score = value in cm), the presence of sex hormone-related symptoms (score = +6), and enhancement or flow in a septum or solid papillary projection (score = +4). The novel scoring index was calculated as the total score of these three parameters. A cutoff score of 7 gave a specificity of 97.9% and sensitivity of 87.5% for the training data set, and specificity and sensitivity of 100% for the pilot testing set. CONCLUSION: The novel pediatric risk-of-malignancy index is able to accurately discriminate between benign and @entity43 in @entity1 and adolescents. Its preoperative application may guide surgical management decisions before the availability of histological confirmation.

title: Pediatric risk of malignancy index for preoperative evaluation of childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-risk prediction', 'malignant and borderline tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'non-benign ovarian tumors']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the most effective, evidence-based approach to the use of platelet transfusions in @entity1 with @entity5 . OUTCOMES: Outcomes of interest included prevention of morbidity and mortality from @entity548 , effects on survival, quality of life, @entity137 reduction, and cost-effectiveness. EVIDENCE: A complete MedLine search was performed of the past 20 years of the medical literature. Keywords included platelet transfusion, alloimmunization, @entity548 , threshold and @entity882 . The search was broadened by articles from the bibliographies of selected articles. VALUES: Levels of evidence and guideline grades were rated by a standard process. More weight was given to studies that tested a hypothesis directly related to one of the primary outcomes in a randomized design. BENEFITS/HARMS/COST: The possible consequences of different approaches to the use of platelet transfusion were considered in evaluating a preference for one or another technique producing similar outcomes. Cost alone was not a determining factor. RECOMMENDATIONS: Appendix A summarizes the recommendations concerning the choice of particular platelet preparations, the use of prophylactic platelet transfusions, indications for transfusion in selected clinical situations, and the diagnosis, prevention, and management of @entity1423 . VALIDATION: Five outside reviewers, the ASCO Health Services Research Committee, and the ASCO Board reviewed this document. SPONSOR: American Society of Clinical Oncology

title: Platelet transfusion for @entity1 with XXXX : clinical practice guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['refractoriness to platelet transfusion']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) is a key mediator in inflammatory response. The main source of inducible @entity1421 , microsomal @entity1421 synthase-1 ( @entity8207 ), has emerged as an interesting drug target for treatment of @entity158 . To support inhibitor design, we have determined the crystal structure of @entity1 @entity8207 to 1.2    resolution. The structure reveals three well-defined active site cavities within the membrane-spanning region in each monomer interface of the trimeric structure. An important determinant of the active site cavity is a small cytosolic domain inserted between transmembrane helices I and II. This extra domain is not observed in other structures of proteins within the MAPEG (Membrane-Associated Proteins involved in Eicosanoid and @entity2041 metabolism) superfamily but is likely to be present also in microsomal GST-1 based on sequence similarity. An unexpected feature of the structure is a 16-  -deep cone-shaped cavity extending from the cytosolic side into the membrane-spanning region. We suggest a potential role for this cavity in substrate access. Based on the structure of the active site, we propose a catalytic mechanism in which @entity563 127 plays a key role. We have also determined the structure of @entity8207 in complex with a @entity2041 -based analog, providing insight into @entity8207 flexibility and potential for structure-based drug design.

title: Crystal structure of microsomal XXXX synthase provides insight into diversity in the MAPEG superfamily.

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'Prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione', 'Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E2']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of subacromial injection of @entity2713 compared to injection of @entity6058 in the treatment of external @entity5818 . METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 diagnosed with external @entity5818 were included in this double-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial. Each @entity1 was randomized into the @entity134 group or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) group. The @entity134 syringe contained 40 mg @entity2713 ; and the NSAID syringe contained 60 mg @entity6058 . Each @entity1 was evaluated in terms of arc of motion, visual analog scale (VAS) for evaluating @entity158 , and the UCLA (The University of California at Los Angeles) shoulder rating scale. RESULTS: At 1 month follow-up, both treatment arms resulted in increased range of motion and @entity158 . The @entity134 group decreased in active abduction while the NSAID group increased ( @entity134 : 134  , NSAID: 151  , P = .03). The mean improvement in the UCLA shoulder rating scale at 4 weeks was 7.15 for the NSAID group and 2.13 for the @entity134 group (P = .03). Subgroup analysis of the UCLA scale demonstrated an increase in both forward flexion strength (P = .04) and @entity1 satisfaction (P  =  .03) in the NSAID group. No significant difference could be seen in all other outcome measures. CONCLUSION: In this study, an injection of @entity6058 resulted in greater improvements in the UCLA shoulder rating scale than an injection of @entity2713 at 4 weeks follow-up. While both @entity2713 and @entity6058 are effective in the treatment of isolated @entity5818 , @entity6058 appears to have equivalent if not superior efficacy; all the while decreasing @entity1 exposure to the potential side-effects of @entity288 .

title: A double-blind randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of subacromial injection with corticosteroid versus NSAID in XXXX with @entity5818 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'decreased pain']

entities_list: @entity5818 :: ('MESH:D019534', 'Disease') :: ['subacromial impingement', 'shoulder impingement syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs) have shown prognostic relevance in metastatic breast, prostate, colon and @entity788 . For further development of CTCs as a biomarker, we compared the performance of different protocols for CTC detection in @entity19 @entity0 xenograft models (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and KPL-4). Blood samples were taken from @entity5 bearing animals (20 to 200   mm2) and analysed for CTCs using 1. an epithelial marker based enrichment method (AdnaTest), 2. an antibody independent technique, targeting @entity1 gene transcripts (qualitative PCR), and 3. an antibody-independent approach, targeting @entity1 DNA-sequences (quantitative PCR). Further, gene expression changes associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were determined with an EMT-specific PCR assay. METHODS: We used the commercially available Adna Test, RT-PCR on @entity1 housekeeping genes and a PCR on AluJ sequences to detect CTCs in xenografts models. Phenotypic changes in CTCs were tested with the commercially available " @entity1 Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition RT-Profiler PCR Array". RESULTS: Although the AdnaTest detects as few as 1 @entity5 cell in 1   ml of @entity19 blood spiking experiments, no CTCs were detectable with this approach in vivo despite visible @entity3 formation. The presence of CTCs could, however, be demonstrated by PCR targeting @entity1 transcripts or DNA-sequences - without epithelial pre-enrichment. The failure of CTC detection by the AdnaTest resulted from downregulation of @entity5960 , whereas mesenchymal markers like Twist and @entity470 were upregulated on CTCs. Such a change in the expression profile during metastatic spread of @entity5 cells has already been reported and was linked to a biological program termed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). CONCLUSIONS: The use of @entity5960 -based enrichment techniques leads to the failure to detect CTC populations that have undergone EMT. Our findings may explain clinical results where low CTC numbers have been reported even in @entity1 with late metastatic @entity5 . These results are a starting point for the identification of new markers for detection or capture of CTCs, including the mesenchymal-like subpopulations.

title: Circulating XXXX cells escape from @entity5960 -based detection due to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: Effects of the @entity5 promoter @entity864 ( @entity865 ) and @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) inhibitors on cell-cell communication were studied in a normal @entity35 liver cell line, clone 9. Communication was observed and quantitated with microspectofluorometric and image analysis techniques following scrape-loading of the cells with lucifer yellow. Lucifer yellow migrated as far as ten cells away from the scraped edge in control populations. Two minute @entity865 (25-50 micrograms/ml) treatment inhibited dye movement such that the dye remained mainly in the cells at the cut edge. The @entity865 -induced inhibition of cell-cell communication could be partially blocked by 15 min treatment of the cell populations with the @entity7131 inhibitors @entity6105 (30 micrograms/ml), @entity866 (2 x 10(-8) or 2 x 10(-6) M), @entity50045 (15 or 200 microM), or a @entity7131 inhibitor peptide (20 micrograms/ml) scraped in at the same time as lucifer yellow. Normal communication was observed in cultures treated only with @entity7131 inhibitors. Lower concentrations of @entity865 (50 ng/ml-1 micrograms/ml) used for 2 min did not inhibit dye communication. Our results demonstrate the @entity4621 -induced interruption of cell-cell communication. The inhibition of @entity7131 by inhibitors eliminates the effect of @entity865 on communication. Our data are consistent with a role of @entity7131 in the control of junctional communication.

title: Regulation of the XXXX -induced inhibition of intercellular communication.

entities_list: @entity50045 :: ('MESH:C005699', 'Chemical') :: ['sangivamycin']

entities_list: @entity6105 :: ('MESH:D014268', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoperazine']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity864 :: (MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755,Chemical) :: ['12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) is a nonspecific marker of @entity32 that is increased in the brain and serum of @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ), and has been associated with increased risk of developing @entity303 . Inflammation increases with age, and the number of @entity1 reaching age 90 years and older is growing, making the association between @entity32 and @entity303 increasingly relevant. Using a cross-sectional design, we examined whether high levels of serum @entity1851 are associated with increased odds of prevalent @entity303 in the oldest-old. METHODS: Serum @entity1851 levels of 305 @entity1 (mean age +/- standard deviation, 94.3 +/- 2.9 years) from the 90+ Study, a longitudinal cohort study of @entity1 aged 90 years and older, were evaluated with respect to all-cause @entity303 . Levels of @entity1851 were divided into three categories: undetectable (<0.5 mg/dL), detectable (0.5-0.7 mg/dL), and elevated (> or =0.8 mg/dL). Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using logistic regression, and were adjusted for covariates. RESULTS: Relative to @entity1 with undetectable @entity1851 levels, @entity1 with detectable or elevated @entity1851 levels had increased odds of all-cause @entity303 (detectable: OR, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-7.3; elevated: OR, 5.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-12.9). When @entity1 were subdivided by gender, significantly increased ORs were seen only in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In the oldest-old, high @entity1851 levels are associated with increased odds of all-cause @entity303 , particularly in @entity1 . Prospective studies are necessary to confirm whether increased @entity1851 levels are associated with an increased risk of developing @entity303 in this age group.

title: Elevated XXXX levels are associated with prevalent @entity303 in the oldest-old.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']