abstract: The effect of @entity141 applied in high concentrations (50 and 300 microM) was addressed on the generation of reactive @entity26 species in isolated mitochondria from @entity840 brain. The experiments were performed in the presence of @entity857 , a very effective inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition. Moderate increase in @entity274 release from mitochondria was induced by @entity141 applied in 50 microM, but not in 300 microM concentration as measured with Amplex red fluorescent assay starting with a delay of 100-150 sec after exposure to @entity141 . Parallel measurements of membrane potential (DeltaPsim) by @entity18998 fluorescence showed a transient depolarization by @entity141 followed by the recovery of DeltaPsim to a value, which was more negative than that observed before addition of @entity141 indicating a relative hyperpolarization. @entity1110 fluorescence was also increased by @entity141 given in 50 microM concentration. In mitochondria having high DeltaPsim in the presence of @entity4626 or @entity855 , the basal rate of release of @entity274 was significantly higher than that observed in a medium containing @entity857 and @entity141 no longer increased but rather decreased the rate of @entity274 release. With 300 microM @entity141 only a loss but no tendency of a recovery of DeltaPsim was detected and @entity274 release was unchanged. It is suggested that in the presence of nucleotides the effect of @entity141 on mitochondrial ROS release is related to changes in DeltaPsim; in depolarized mitochondria, in the presence of @entity857 , moderate increase in @entity274 release is induced by @entity460 , but only in <or=100 microM concentration, when after a transient @entity141 -induced depolarization mitochondria became more polarized. In highly polarized mitochondria, in the presence of @entity855 or @entity4626 , where no hyperpolarization follows the @entity141 -induced depolarization, @entity141 fails to stimulate mitochondrial ROS generation. These effects of @entity460 (<or=300 microM) are unrelated to mitochondrial permeability transition.

title: Membrane potential-related effect of @entity460 on reactive XXXX species generation in isolated brain mitochondria.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity18998 :: ('MESH:C009195', 'Chemical') :: ['safranine']

entities_list: @entity4626 :: ('MESH:D009840', 'Chemical') :: ['oligomycin']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) is an excellent surgical treatment for @entity1 with @entity1067 , but surgical complications are not well described. We set out to determine the predictors of @entity3142 (SUI) after HoLEP during the learning curve. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective review of our institution's HoLEP database was performed. @entity1 were divided into two groups: No pads at 3 months (group 1); SUI and/or mixed @entity322 necessitating >=  one pad at 3 months (group 2). RESULTS: Seventy-seven @entity1 underwent HoLEP at our institution. Nine (12%) were excluded for pure urge symptoms and two (3%) were lost to follow-up, leaving 66 total @entity1 . No differences were noted as regards age (P = 0.54), operating room time (P = 0.18), prostate size (P = 0.85), prostate-specific antigen level (P = 0.96), or International Prostate Symptom Score (P = 0.11). The number of days between cases, however, was higher in group 2 (44.5 vs 18.1, P = 0.02) and was associated with SUI in simple logistic regression models (odds ratio [OR] 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-1.51; P = 0.019). As the interval time between cases increased from 1, 3, and 5 weeks, the strength of the association increased (1 week: OR 2.75; 95% CI: 0.78-9.66; P = 0.12; 3 weeks: OR 2.86; 95% CI: 0.92-8.91; P = 0.07; 5 weeks: OR 4.69; 95% CI: 1.21-18.26; P = 0.026). SUI resolved in all but two @entity1 by 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: The major associated risk for SUI, a complication presumably related to surgical technique, was prolonged duration between cases. During the learning curve, surgeons should schedule @entity1 frequently to enhance learning and decrease time to mastery of the technique, thereby reducing SUI.

title: XXXX during the learning curve of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence']

answer: @entity3142 :: (MESH:D014550,Disease) :: ['Stress incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2109 ( @entity2109 ) is the most common @entity5 in equatorial Africa and there is a need for affordable, effective treatment. AIM: To record the morbidity of treatment and event-free survival after 1 year using relatively high doses of @entity786 at short intervals combined with intrathecal methotrexate. METHODS: Forty consecutive @entity1 with a mean age of 6.9 (range 2-15) years were treated at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre between 10th April and 17th November 2006. The initial diagnosis was made clinically and confirmed by fine-needle aspiration in 73%. Abdominal ultrasound, bone marrow aspirate and CSF analysis were undertaken routinely. Chemotherapy consisted of @entity786 , 40 mg/kg on day 1 and 60 mg/kg on days 8, 18 and 28. Intrathecal @entity1499 12.5 mg and @entity701 12.5 mg were administered on days 1, 8, 18 and 28. @entity208 was commenced before chemotherapy, and a high urinary output was maintained to prevent @entity5 lysis. RESULTS: St Jude stage distribution was stage I, 1; II, 9; III, 24; and IV, 6. An equal number (70%) presented with @entity1625 , and 15% with @entity451 . Twenty @entity1 (50%) were below the 5th NCHS centile for weight-for-age. Two @entity1 died during treatment, three had chemotherapy-resistant disease and 35 (88%) achieved complete clinical remission by day 28. Sixteen required antibiotic treatment for presumed infection and nine received a blood transfusion. Relapse occurred in 16 @entity1 after 65-311 days (median 137). Nineteen @entity1 (48%) have been in continued remission for 265-670 days (median 454). CONCLUSION: This short, inexpensive treatment schedule (<50 US ) cured almost 50% of @entity2109 @entity1 in a setting of very limited resources.

title: XXXX : a 28-day treatment schedule with @entity786 and intrathecal methotrexate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal and facial disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'childhood cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ['eBL', 'Endemic Burkitt lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['Allopurinol']

answer: @entity2109 :: (MESH:D002051,Disease) :: ['Endemic Burkitt lymphoma']


abstract: A sixties- @entity1 had complained of @entity476 . Colonoscopy revealed type 2 @entity5 at rectum. Computed tomography (CT)demonstrated lymph node @entity3 in front of sacrum and two low density areas which were suspected metastases in the liver. The @entity1 was diagnosed stageIV @entity5 and resected primary focus and lymph node @entity3 .[ Ra-RS, ant, type 2, moderately differentiated @entity420 , ly1, v3, pSE, @entity477 , sH1(Grade C), sP0, pM1(No. 270)]without liver resection. It was due to high level of @entity478 and remote lymph node @entity3 . The @entity1 was treated with mFOLFOX6 and bevacizumab after the operation. The level of @entity478 decreased to normal level and CT revealed a partial response after 4 cycles of systemic chemotherapy. Liver resection was performed safely. Histological response was Grade 2 at liver metastases.

title: [A successfully resected case of XXXX with liver metastases treated with mFOLFOX6 and bevacizumab].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: Dust is a major contaminant of the indoor air environment and may affect @entity1 health. Indoor dust accumulates on surfaces including heaters and light fixtures, and will be heated when these devices are used. Heat treatment of the dust may change its biologic properties and in this study we simulated the heat treatment with a dust-heating model (50-250 degrees C). The residual and the non-heated dust from seven samples were tested in cultures of fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in A549 cell culture using the release of @entity310 and @entity687 , respectively, as effect indicators. The endotoxin-content and the particle size distribution of the residual and the non-heated dust suspensions were determined for some of the samples. We found that the residual dust had less ability to induce the release of @entity310 and @entity687 . The cytokine decline pattern was similar for all the dust tested and could partly be explained by the reduction in endotoxin content or possibly by inhibitory decomposition products. No correlation was found between the measured particle size distribution and the decreased cytokine levels. The results in this study suggest that the residual dust promotes reduced cytokine response and thereby a possibly lower inflammation reaction in the airways if suspended and inhaled compared with the non-heated dust. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Accumulation of indoor dust on electric heaters and light fixtures may produce a bad odor when switched on in the cold season and some @entity1 claim respiratory distress during such events. To investigate to what extent the residuals of heated indoor dust represent a health hazard, we measured the effect in cell cultures before and after heat treatment of the dust. The in vitro results imply that the residual dust will cause a lower proinflammatory response in the airways if suspended and inhaled compared with non-heated dust. This is partly explained by heat destruction of inflammatory components in the dust.

title: Heating of indoor dust causes reduction in its ability to stimulate release of @entity687 and XXXX in vitro compared to non-heated dust.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNFalpha']


abstract: Virginiae butanolides (VBs) A-E are butyrolactone autoregulators that control @entity18524 production in @entity14936 virginiae. We have previously reported the purification and molecular cloning of VbrA, a putative VB binding protein (Okamoto, S., Nihira, T., Kataoka, H., @entity6953 , A., and Yamada, Y. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 1093-1098). However, VbrA protein overexpressed in @entity526 did not show any detectable VB binding activity nor did the immunoprecipitation of native VbrA from a cell-free extract of S. virginiae cause any decrease in such activity, indicating that VbrA is not the true VB binding protein. This finding prompted us to seek the true VB binding protein by repurification. After successive purification by anion exchange, gel filtration, heparin, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, a 26-kDa protein (p26k) was identified as the true VB binding protein. Partial @entity535 sequences of p26k were determined, and the gene (barA) that encodes this protein was isolated and cloned using degenerate oligonucleotide probes. When the barA gene was expressed in @entity14936 and @entity526 , strong VB binding activity appeared, demonstrating unambiguously that the S. virginiae p26k protein is the true VB binding protein.

title: Virginiae butanolide binding protein from XXXX virginiae. Evidence that VbrA is not the virginiae butanolide binding protein and reidentification of the true binding protein.

entities_list: @entity18524 :: ('MESH:D014769', 'Chemical') :: ['virginiamycin']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity14936 :: ('1916', 'Species') :: ['Streptomyces', 'Streptomyces lividans']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity14936 :: (1916,Species) :: ['Streptomyces']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tumor therapy mainly attacks the metabolism to interfere the @entity5 's anabolism and signaling of proliferative second messengers. However, the metabolic demands of different @entity5 are very heterogeneous and depend on their origin of tissue, age, gender and other clinical parameters. We investigated @entity5 specific regulation in the metabolism of @entity0 . METHODS: For this, we mapped gene expression data from microarrays onto the corresponding enzymes and their metabolic reaction network. We used Haar Wavelet transforms on optimally arranged grid representations of metabolic pathways as a pattern recognition method to detect orchestrated regulation of neighboring enzymes in the network. Significant combined expression patterns were used to select metabolic pathways showing shifted regulation of the aggressive @entity5 . RESULTS: Besides up-regulation for energy production and nucleotide anabolism, we found an interesting cellular switch in the interplay of biosynthesis of @entity230 and @entity3645 . The biosynthesis of @entity230 was up-regulated for @entity172 synthesis which is needed for proliferative signaling in @entity0 . In turn, the decomposition of @entity134 precursors was blocked by down-regulation of the @entity6741 pathway. CONCLUSION: We applied an intelligent pattern recognition method for analyzing the regulation of metabolism and elucidated substantial regulation of @entity1 @entity0 at the interplay of @entity165 biosynthesis and @entity6741 metabolism pointing to specific @entity0 treatment.

title: Analyzing the regulation of metabolic pathways in XXXX @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity13367 ( @entity13367 ) are a potential protein source in poultry feeds because of their high @entity1853 and @entity462 content. However, mussels may temporarily be contaminated with the toxin, okadaic acid. The aim of this small scale study was to evaluate the effects on @entity4409 and morphology of the digestive tract of laying hens fed three different diets; a commercial feed and diets containing 15% normal or 15% toxic mussel meal, i.e. a concentration of 198.6 microg toxin per kg feed. Twelve laying hens were divided into six groups and fed the experimental diets for 8 weeks. @entity4409 , production performance and egg quality were recorded. At sacrifice, tissue samples were prepared for histological evaluation using light microscopy. @entity18398 did not have any adverse effects on @entity4409 or production parameters and no histological changes indicating disturbances in the digestive tract was observed. Internal egg quality was improved as eggs from hens fed either of the two mussel meal diets had an increased yolk colour. These results show that mussel meal functions as a novel protein source for laying hens and those toxic mussels at this level may be included in the feed without negative effects on parameters evaluated in this study.

title: Effects of toxic and non-toxic XXXX meal on health and product quality of laying hens.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity4409 :: ('MESH:D000820', 'Disease') :: ['animal health', 'Animal health']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity13367 :: ('6550', 'Species') :: ['Mytilus edulis', 'Blue mussels']

entities_list: @entity18398 :: ('MESH:D019319', 'Chemical') :: ['Okadaic acid']

answer: @entity13367 :: (6550,Species) :: ['blue mussel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ghrelin is a recently discovered orexigenic gastric hormone, whose production is induced by lack of food in the stomach. In morbidly @entity28 individuals, ghrelin levels are low compared to lean @entity1 . During dieting, plasma ghrelin levels increase, leading to an orexigenic signal, which could explain the lack of success of dieting in morbidly @entity28 individuals. @entity5845 is best treated with bariatric surgery, in which gastric bypass is reported to be more effective than restrictive surgery. A possible explanation could be the difference in plasma ghrelin levels after both operations for bariatric surgery. In this study, plasma ghrelin levels were investigated during a 2-year follow-up. METHODS: 17 morbidly @entity28 @entity1 received gastric restrictive surgery. Plasma ghrelin, @entity1243 and @entity2690 levels were evaluated preoperatively and 1 year and 2 years postoperatively. RESULTS: BMI decreased from 47.5 +/- 6.2 kg/m(2) to 33.2 +/- 5.8 kg/m(2) (P <0.001). Plasma ghrelin levels were significantly increased 1 year (P <0.05) and 2 years (P <0.02) postoperatively. Fasting plasma @entity1243 and @entity2690 levels were significantly lower at 2 years after surgery (P <0.001). CONCLUSION: After gastric restrictive surgery, ghrelin levels increased, in contrast to the reported fall in ghrelin levels after gastric bypass. This difference in ghrelin levels between these operations may be the key to understanding the superiority of gastric bypass in sustaining @entity353 compared with restrictive surgery.

title: Ghrelin, XXXX and @entity2690 levels after restrictive surgery: a 2-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['Morbid obesity']

answer: @entity1243 :: (3952,Gene) :: ['leptin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify the @entity1 corneal inflammatory response in treated @entity1036 with long-wavelength anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). METHODS: @entity1 with clinically suspected @entity1036 were recruited from the corneal service at Southampton Eye Unit, UK. @entity1 underwent AS-OCT and slit-lamp examination on presentation (day 0) and days 3, 7, and 14 of treatment. @entity2687 ( @entity2687 ) in the infiltrated area, @entity2617 ( @entity2617 ), and infiltrate width (IW) were measured on high-resolution AS-OCT scans. Mean values for each day and rates of change for each interval were calculated and compared (one-way ANOVA, paired t-test). RESULTS: Twenty-six eyes of 26 @entity1 were recruited. Mean @entity2687 and @entity2617 on presentation were 905  m and 388  m, respectively. On days 3, 7, and 14, @entity2687 and @entity2617 decreased to 753  m and 320  m (P < 0.01), 678  m and 296  m (P < 0.01), and 584  m and 207  m (P < 0.01), respectively. Mean IW, 1498  m on presentation, did not change during treatment (P > 0.30). Mean daily rate of @entity2687 reduction was faster in the early (days 0-3) compared to late (days 7-14) phase (4.49% vs. 1.33%, P = 0.006). Mean daily rate of @entity2617 reduction was no different in early, middle, and late phases (5.41% vs. 1.19% vs. 3.38%, P > 0.01). In the late phase, @entity2617 decreased faster than @entity2687 (3.38% vs. 1.33%, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2687 and @entity2617 decreased significantly by day 3 in resolving @entity1036 . The rapid early phase reduction in @entity2617 and @entity2687 was followed by rapid late phase @entity2617 reduction. This study demonstrates that serial AS-OCT examination can be used to monitor in vivo the clinical course of @entity32 .

title: In vivo quantification of XXXX with optical coherence tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial keratitis']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['IT', 'infiltrate thickness']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['CT', 'Corneal thickness']

answer: @entity1036 :: (MESH:D007634,Disease) :: ['bacterial keratitis']


abstract: @entity4078 is the most potent @entity99 . Since the eradication of @entity4078 contamination in agricultural products has been difficult, the use of natural or synthetic free radical scavengers could be a potential chemopreventive strategy. @entity7232 is the major component of industry and its antioxidant role has recently been reported. The present study assessed, for the first time, the effectiveness of @entity7232 following exposure to @entity4078 on @entity1 whole blood cultures. The biochemical characterizations of @entity2041 and some enzymes have been carried out in erythrocytes. Alterations in @entity1234 level were determined as an index of oxidative stress. The sister-chromatid exchange and micronucleus tests were performed to assess DNA damages in lymphocytes. @entity4078 treatment significantly reduced the activities of antioxidants by increasing @entity1234 level (30.53 and 51.43%) of blood, whereas, the @entity7232 led to an increased resistance of DNA to oxidative damage induced by @entity4078 in comparison with control values (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the support of @entity7232 was especially useful in @entity11189 -toxicated blood. Thus the risk on tissue targeting of @entity4078 could be reduced ensuring early recovery from its @entity137 .

title: @entity7232 : a potential chemoprotective agent against @entity11189 b(1) @entity137 in XXXX blood.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity11189 :: ('MESH:D000348', 'Chemical') :: ['Aflatoxin']

entities_list: @entity7232 :: ('MESH:C032688', 'Chemical') :: ['boric acid', 'Boric acid']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary and hepatic carcinogen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To describe the baseline findings and study population of the Spanish sample of the @entity161 Outpatient Health Outcomes (SOHO) Study. METHOD: The SOHO study is an ongoing, large, prospective, long-term observational study of @entity161 treatment in 10 European countries. The study population consists of outpatients who initiate therapy or change to a new antipsychotic. RESULTS: A total of 86 investigators enrolled 2,020 in Spain (10,972 @entity1 in Europe). 64 % of @entity1 were @entity1 and the mean age was 38.7 years. The Spanish SOHO study sample had considerable functional impairment at baseline. The main reason for change of therapy was lack effectiveness followed by intolerability. @entity1 included in the study and those receiving their first antipsychotic for @entity161 are most likely to receive an atypical agent. CONCLUSION: The Spanish SOHO study population appears to represent the Spanish outpatients with @entity161 in whom a treatment decision is required. Baseline findings reflect Spanish clinical practice with respect to @entity1 treated with individual antipsychotics.

title: [The European XXXX outpatient health outcomes (SOHO) study: baseline findings of the Spanish sample].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) is the hepatic manifestation of the @entity209 . Most morbidity associated with the @entity209 is related to @entity455 , in which @entity409 is a major pathogenic factor. However, whether @entity1561 is associated with @entity409 within the hepatic vasculature is unknown. The aims of this study were to explore, in a model of diet-induced overweight that expresses most features of the @entity209 , whether early @entity1561 is associated with @entity409 . @entity35 Kyoto @entity35 were fed a cafeteria diet (CafD; 65% of fat, mostly saturated) or a control diet (CD) for 1 month. CafD @entity35 developed features of the @entity209 (overweight, arterial @entity101 , hypertryglyceridemia, hyperglucemia and insulin resistance) and @entity1560 without @entity32 or @entity82 . CafD @entity35 had a significantly higher in vivo hepatic vascular resistance than CD. In liver perfusion livers from CafD @entity35 had an increased portal perfusion pressure and decreased endothelium-dependent vasodilation. This was associated with a decreased Akt-dependent eNOS phosphorylation and NOS activity. In summary, we demonstrate in a @entity35 model of the @entity209 that shows features of @entity1561 , that @entity409 occurs before the development of @entity82 or @entity32 .

title: Sinusoidal endothelial dysfunction precedes @entity32 and XXXX in a model of @entity1561 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['liver steatosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver endothelial dysfunction', 'endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The bevacizumab-cetuximab combination has shown promising activity in chemotherapy-refractory metastatic @entity14 (mCRC). We sought to determine the safety and efficacy of cetuximab added to bevacizumab plus standard mFOLFOX6 (modified @entity1487 [ @entity1487 ]/ @entity4181 / @entity901 ) as first-line therapy for mCRC. @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixty-six @entity1 received cetuximab (400 mg/m2 loading dose, then 250 mg/m2 weekly intravenously [I.V.]) plus bevacizumab 5 mg/kg and mFOLFOX6 chemotherapy every 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was @entity137 . RESULTS: The most common grade 3-4 events included @entity294 (14%), @entity1295 (14%), @entity16 (12%), @entity49 (9%), @entity1910 (8%), and desquamation (8%). A protocol-defined prohibitive adverse event occurred in 4 @entity1 (6%), including 2 treatment-associated @entity204 . Thirty-seven @entity1 (56%) discontinued therapy before disease progression because of either @entity137 (n = 19; 29%) or @entity1 withdrawal (n = 18; 27%). Twenty-eight of 37 @entity1 (76%) who discontinued therapy before disease progression did so because of cetuximab-associated @entity137 . CONCLUSION: Although the addition of cetuximab to bevacizumab plus mFOLFOX6 was not associated with excessive life-threatening @entity137 , many @entity1 discontinued therapy because of cetuximab-associated @entity137 . Taken together with the results of recently reported phase III trials, cetuximab should not be used concurrently with bevacizumab and infusional @entity1487 , @entity4181 , and @entity901 chemotherapy for the treatment of mCRC.

title: Cetuximab is associated with excessive @entity137 when combined with bevacizumab Plus mFOLFOX6 in metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['acneiform rash']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: We tested the role of different intracellular proteolytic pathways in @entity295 -induced muscle proteolysis. @entity295 was induced in @entity35 by cecal ligation and puncture; controls were sham operated. Total and myofibrillar proteolysis was determined in incubated extensor digitorum longus muscles as release of @entity669 and @entity7981 , respectively. Lysosomal proteolysis was assessed by using the lysosomotropic agents @entity8777 , @entity503 , @entity14630 , and @entity8776 . @entity141 -dependent proteolysis was determined in the absence or presence of @entity141 or by blocking the @entity141 -dependent proteases calpain I and II. Energy-dependent proteolysis was determined in muscles depleted of @entity855 by @entity897 and @entity3212 . Muscle ubiquitin mRNA and the concentrations of free and conjugated ubiquitin were determined by Northern and Western blots, respectively, to assess the role of the @entity855 -ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway. Total and myofibrillar protein breakdown was increased during @entity295 by 50 and 440%, respectively. Lysosomal and @entity141 -dependent proteolysis was similar in control and septic @entity35 . In contrast, energy-dependent total and myofibrillar protein breakdown was increased by 172% and more than fourfold, respectively, in septic muscle. Ubiquitin mRNA was increased severalfold in septic muscle. The results suggest that the increase in muscle proteolysis during @entity295 is due to an increase in nonlysosomal energy-dependent protein breakdown, which may involve the ubiquitin system.

title: XXXX stimulates nonlysosomal, energy-dependent proteolysis and increases ubiquitin mRNA levels in @entity35 skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity897 :: ('MESH:D003847', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity3212 :: ('MESH:D019297', 'Chemical') :: ['2.4-dinitrophenol']

entities_list: @entity14630 :: ('MESH:C032854', 'Chemical') :: ['leupeptin']

entities_list: @entity8776 :: ('MESH:C027451', 'Chemical') :: ['methylamine']

entities_list: @entity7981 :: ('CHEBI:70959', 'Chemical') :: ['3-methylhistidine']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['Sepsis']


abstract: We examined the role of the carotid sinus baroreceptors in the hemodynamic and renal functional changes initiated by acute unilateral nephrectomy ( @entity12167 ). In 15 anesthetized @entity235 , @entity12167 caused increases in @entity1372 (UNaV) and @entity972 excretion (UKV) without significant changes in GFR, renal blood flow, or mean arterial pressure. Cardiac output (CO) was measured in five of these animals and decreased from 2.5 +/- 0.2 to 1.9 +/- 0.3 liter/min as total peripheral resistance (TPR) increased. In 11 @entity235 with bilateral acute surgical carotid sinus denervation, @entity12167 failed to cause any change in renal hemodynamics, UNaV, or UKV that could be distinguished from sham-operated time controls. CO was measured in seven of these @entity235 and also did not change. @entity12167 caused an immediate, transient elevation in blood pressure that returned to control levels 15 min after nephrectomy. When bilateral carotid occlusion (BCO) was carried out prior to @entity12167 in animals with intact carotid sinus baroreceptors, @entity12167 again caused an immediate increase in blood pressure but no changes in CO or electrolyte excretion. In separate studies, @entity12167 increased UNaV and UKV significantly; when BCO was then carried out after @entity12167 , cation excretion remained elevated. In seven @entity235 undergoing continuous perfusion of the carotid circulation bilaterally at constant pressure, @entity12167 again failed to increase cation excretion despite a 30 mmHg rise in arterial blood pressure. These studies demonstrate that @entity12167 fails to initiate hemodynamic or compensatory renal functional changes in @entity235 with bilateral carotid sinus denervation or in animals in which intact baroreceptors are shielded from the systemic circulation by BCO or perfusion at constant pressure, indicating the importance of these baroreceptors in the early changes after @entity12167 .

title: Hemodynamic and renal functional changes after acute unilateral nephrectomy in the XXXX : role of carotid sinus baroreceptors.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: We herein report 8 years experience in the management of @entity10711 with 2 serum markers: @entity160 ( @entity160 ) and @entity1 @entity1465 . In the first 4-year period (group I) marker status was correlated retrospectively to the positivity of nodes and response to treatment. Of the 81 @entity1 in group I, 22, 29 and 30 were in stages I, IIab, and IIc, III and IV, respectively. Of them, 5, 25 and 24 from the respective stages showed raised markers, while 17, 4 and 6 of the same stages had normal markers. The accuracy of the markers in predicting the positivity of the nodes and response to treatment ranged from 80 to 92% in different stages. In the second 4-year period (group II) markers were included in staging. Of the 85 @entity1 in this group, 31 were classified as stage I; however, 25 of them had normal markers and 6 had raised markers (subcategorized as IM). Of the remaining 54 @entity1 , 15 were in stage IIab and 39 in stages IIc, III and IV. In the final analysis, 3-year survival was 66% in stage IM as compared to 100% in the remaining stage I @entity1 and 86% in stage IIab, indicating the aggressive nature of IM disease. Amongst stage IIc, III and IV @entity1 , 28 (71%) @entity1 responded to treatment and 3-year survival in them was 71% (20/28). Of the remaining 11 @entity1 who did not respond to treatment in the form of persistently raised markers, the 3-year survival was 18% (2/11).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Value of tumor markers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10711 :: ('MESH:C537844', 'Disease') :: ['nonseminomatous germ cell tumor of the testis']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity1465 :: ('93659', 'Gene') :: ['chorionic gonadotropin (hCG))']

answer: @entity10711 :: (MESH:C537844,Disease) :: ['nonseminomatous germ cell tumor of the testis']


abstract: Extracranial @entity3 of @entity463 is rare. This is an autopsy case report of a @entity1 with @entity463 multiforme found to have metastasized to the liver. A 42-year-old @entity1 was admitted with a chief complaint of @entity10 . Physical and neurological examinations on admission showed no abnormalities. CT and MRI demonstrated a @entity5 in the left parietooccipital region with invasion into the subependymal area of the left lateral ventricular trig-one. A cerebral angiogram showed @entity5 staining in the same area. @entity5 resection was performed uneventfully. The microscopic diagnosis was @entity463 multiforme. Postoperatively, the @entity1 underwent whole brain and local irradiation, and intra-arterial ACNU infusion therapy. One month later, she developed @entity1643 , probably due to spinal dissemination. Postmortem examination showed local recurrence of the @entity5 and @entity510 not only in the base of the skull but in the lower spinal cord. @entity5 was also observed in the liver, but no lung or lymph node @entity3 was detected. @entity3 to the liver in this @entity1 is believed to have occurred via the anastomosis between the vertebral and portal venous system.

title: [ XXXX multiforme with liver @entity3 --case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoidal dissemination']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'Subtotal tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['Glioblastoma']


abstract: The diagnosis of @entity303 of @entity195 (DTA) in the early stage of the disease may be possible with the development of specialized memory consultations. After this diagnosis, we can inform family and even the @entity1 in some cases, monitor the progression of disease, give or not treatment, and help family for daily life management (money, car driving, administration papers, etc.). The first step is to analyse the memory complaints of the @entity1 and if possible of his family. The difficulties in everyday life are more informative than an anxious @entity2414 appear early: difficulty to use phone, drugs, transports or checks. The @entity1 examination by a practitioner or a neurologist has to be complete, even if normal in most of the cases. The practitioner has to explore without specific material, the main cognitive domain: the "5 words test" illustrates a useful memory tool, analysing two types of recall. We also must observe writing, digit span, naming and verbal fluency. The examination by a psychologist using standardized batteries of tests must always be driven by this clinical exploration using common scales like @entity10843 or @entity11509 . In very early DTA, we may observe a @entity73 limited to some aspects of memory (free long term recall, cued @entity2414 ...) with a decline of the most controlled attentional tasks. An isolated @entity2414 has to be identified either as onset of @entity11510 or as an aging related @entity73 ( @entity3184 ): the difference is qualitative and may appear only on repeated exams by experimented psychologist.

title: [Early diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer type']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['complaint of memory and some IADL deficiency', 'memory disorder', 'recall, working memory']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of consecutive case series. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the early surgical results and complications of @entity1514 and vertebral shortening for the treatment of @entity1512 / @entity4034 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity1512 / @entity4034 leads to @entity891 of the disc space and/or vertebral body. We propose a novel technique to achieve the same goals as anterior column reconstruction through an entirely posterior approach. Shortening of the vertebral column provides structural support without the morbidity of an anterior approach. METHODS: Following REB approval, retrospective review of the charts of five @entity1 that underwent posterior only @entity1514 and vertebral shortening for @entity1512 / @entity4034 was carried out. Posterior only surgery was performed in these @entity1 with excision of the affected disc space and corresponding posterior elements. Instrumented fusion was performed across the segment spanning multiple vertebral levels. Clinical outcome, radiographic correction, and perioperative complications were analyzed. RESULTS: Three @entity1 had @entity2348 , and 2 had @entity378 . Mean age at the time of surgery was 61 years (50-76). Mean follow-up was 45 months (25-63). There was no @entity16 ; 2 @entity1 with Frankel grade B improved to grade D and E, respectively. Mean @entity1513 corrected from 36 degrees (14-90) to 4 degrees (0-8), and the mean construct spanned 9 levels (6-15). No major complications were encountered during surgery. Two @entity1 underwent revision surgeries, 1 @entity1 died of unrelated causes at 6 months. All @entity1 were treated with a full course of postoperative antibiotic treatment. No cases of recurrent infection were recorded. CONCLUSION: Thoracic transdiscal osteotomy with vertebral shortening is a safe and effective option for the treatment of @entity1512 / @entity4034 with associated @entity1513 . With adjuvant antibiotics, it effectively eradicates the infection through a posterior only approach, avoiding the need for anterior procedures and long anterior struts.

title: Posterior transdiscal three-column shortening in the surgical treatment of @entity1512 / @entity4034 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['discitis', 'thoracic discitis', 'Thoracic discitis', 'infectious discitis']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial discitis']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic transdiscal osteotomies']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['collapse']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity891 :: (MESH:D001261,Disease) :: ['collapse']


abstract: The aim was to determine the efficacy, safety, and long-term clinical and functional results of coloanal @entity254 in @entity1 with complicated benign and @entity5 . Twenty-nine @entity1 underwent coloanal or colopouch-anal @entity254 for either @entity188 not technically amenable to conventional low anterior resection, severe @entity1161 , large benign lower third @entity5 , or complications of previous operations. The mean age of the @entity1 was 61 years and 82% were @entity1 . A diverting colostomy was constructed in 55% of the @entity1 . The mean (+/- SEM) length of follow-up was 20 +/- 3 months. There was no operative mortality. Transient urinary retention, however, occurred in 40%, anastomotic stricture in 28%, and @entity834 in 3.4%. Four @entity1 (14%) could not have intestinal continuity restored and therefore were considered failures. The stool frequency for all remaining @entity1 (N = 25) was 3 +/- 1 per day (mean +/- SEM) and did not vary with age, sex, or indication for operation. Complete continence was achieved by 84% of @entity1 , but no @entity1 was incapacitated by poor bowel function. In @entity1 in whom a conventional colorectostomy is impractical or unwise, coloanal @entity254 is a safe and efficacious alternative operation that preserves anal continence.

title: Coloanal XXXX in the management of benign and @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant rectal disease', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation injury']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the rectum']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: @entity2727 , @entity16703 , and @entity6700 were studied for their treatment efficacy in @entity2724 . A low, intermediate, and high dose level of each drug was studied for 1 week. For @entity2727 the doses were 10, 30, or 60 mg/day; for @entity16703 , 18.75, 56.25, or 112.5 mg/day; and for @entity6700 10, 30, or 60 mg/day. The order of dose levels was random from subject to subject and the daily dose was divided into thirds and taken in identically appearing capsules morning, noon, and afternoon. Subjects were 6 @entity2724 @entity1 studied on @entity2727 (5 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 ; mean age 54.5 + 11.7 years), 7 @entity2724 @entity1 studied on @entity16703 (5 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ; mean age 43.0 + 7.1 years), and 4 @entity2724 @entity1 studied on @entity6700 (2 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ; mean age 42.5 + 16.9 years). Testing consisted of day-long sessions occurring at the end of each dose level and involving a clinical status questionnaire as well as maintenance of wakefulness, @entity10970 , and Digit-Symbol Substitution tests. Results were compared with 9 control subjects with no @entity25 (5 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 ; mean age 39.2 + 8.4 years) who were given placebo that was purported to be a "stimulant drug" and tested in a similar manner. Results demonstrated profound differences in ability to stay awake and perform between @entity2724 @entity1 and controls. Data also suggested that @entity2727 significantly improves ability to stay awake. @entity16703 seems to improve ability to perform. @entity6700 does not significantly alter ability to stay awake or to perform.

title: Treatment of XXXX : objective studies on @entity2727 , @entity16703 , and @entity6700 .

entities_list: @entity6700 :: ('MESH:D011530', 'Chemical') :: ['Protriptyline', 'protriptyline']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity10970 :: ('MESH:D012872', 'Disease') :: ['Wilkinson addition']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorder']

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy', 'narcoleptic']

entities_list: @entity16703 :: ('MESH:D010389', 'Chemical') :: ['pemoline', 'Pemoline']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate', 'methylphenidate']

answer: @entity2724 :: (MESH:D009290,Disease) :: ['narcolepsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of a new surgical technique for the correction of lower lid @entity5769 using thermal contraction of the tarsus and lower lid retractor without lash rotating sutures. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 112 eyes of 56 @entity1 who underwent surgical correction of lower lid @entity5769 with a modified Hotz operation (group A) or a new procedure (group B). The new technique requires that thermal contraction using bipolar cautery was applied to the inferior tarsus including the pretarsal orbicularis oculi muscle and lower lid retractor to create lash rotation without additional rotating sutures. The authors compared the results from these two techniques. RESULTS: 44 eyes of 22 @entity1 (11 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 ) were included in group A, the average age was 5.5 years (   2.2), follow-up periods were 56.9 months (   7.7). Undercorrections developed in four eyes (9.1%), and @entity5769 recurred in seven eyes (15.9%). In group B, 68 eyes of 34 (20 male and 14 female) @entity1 were included, with an average age of 5.1 years (   2.5), and a mean follow-up period of 39.7 months (   9.5). Epiblepharon recurred in three eyes (4.4%), and no @entity1 were undercorrected. The recurrence and undercorrection rates were significantly lower in group B (p=0.022 and p=0.047). CONCLUSION: The new surgical technique for the correction of lower lid @entity5769 using thermal contraction of the tarsus and lower lid retractor without lash rotating sutures was very useful and effective for the correction of @entity5769 , with good cosmetic results.

title: Surgical correction for lower lid XXXX using thermal contraction of the tarsus and lower lid retractor without lash rotating sutures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity5769 :: ('MESH:C565051', 'Disease') :: ['epiblepharon']

answer: @entity5769 :: (MESH:C565051,Disease) :: ['epiblepharon']


abstract: Hereditary predisposition to @entity14 assumes two well-defined forms: @entity1412 and @entity4309 . These @entity5 segregate as autosomal dominant conditions whose penetrance increases with age; @entity5 is expected to develop ultimately in as much as 50% of the offspring of affected individuals. These traits account for less than 1% and approximately 5% of all @entity14 , respectively. In addition, first-degree relatives of @entity1 with common (sporadic) @entity14 are at increased risk of @entity14 . This relative risk averages approximately twofold but is significantly higher for relatives of younger @entity1 (age at diagnosis, < 55 years). @entity1412 and a major subset of @entity4309 are due to loss-of-function germline mutations of genes located on chromosomes 5q and 2p, respectively. Both of these genes have been cloned recently. The gene affected in @entity1412 , @entity1412 , encodes a protein of unknown function that normally is found on the surface of maturing cells in the upper colonic crypts. The relevant gene in many @entity4309 kindreds is @entity4311 . This gene encodes the @entity1 homologue of a bacterial protein MutS, which is part of a system known to repair base mismatches in newly replicated DNA. Loss of @entity4311 function may explain the strikingly erroneous replication of short DNA repeats (microsatellites) in @entity694 from @entity1 with @entity4309 . Because this error-prone replication is found in approximately 13% of nonfamilial @entity694 , defective mismatch repair may contribute to the development of both @entity694 . Molecular genetic assays to detect mutated alleles of these genes will facilitate presymptomatic identification of carriers in families with @entity1412 and @entity4309 . Current recommendations for surveillance of family members are presented in the light of the new genetic understanding of these diseases.

title: Southwestern internal medicine conference: hereditary predisposition to XXXX : new insights.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasia', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'familial polyposis', 'Familial adenomatous polyposis', 'APC']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumors', 'hereditary and sporadic colon neoplasia', 'colon cancers']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity149 is believed to be a core feature of @entity161 and is increasingly recognized as a common symptom dimension in @entity162 . Despite a copious literature on neurocognition in these disorders, the relationship amongst neurocognition, symptoms, and diagnosis remains unclear. We examined neurocognitive functioning in a cross-diagnostic sample of @entity1 with @entity914 . Based on previous findings, it was hypothesized that neurocognitive functioning would be impaired in all three @entity1 groups, and that groups would be similarly impaired on all neuropsychological measures. Additionally, we predicted that negative symptoms but not positive, general, or mood symptoms, would be associated with neurocognitive functioning. METHOD: Neurocognitive functioning and symptoms were assessed in @entity1 with @entity161 (n=25), @entity914 (n=29), or @entity162 with @entity716 (n=31), and in healthy controls (n=20). RESULTS: Neurocognitive functioning was significantly impaired in all @entity1 groups, and groups did not differ by diagnosis on most measures. A series of linear regressions revealed that negative symptoms (but no other clinical symptom) predicted poorer executive functioning across groups. Diagnosis was not a significant predictor of any neurocognitive variable. DISCUSSION: @entity149 were pronounced in this cross-diagnostic sample of @entity1 with @entity914 , and did not differ by diagnosis. @entity149 may represent a symptom dimension that spans diagnostic categories, and may reflect shared pathogenic processes. As @entity149 is among the strongest predictors of outcome in @entity1 , efforts to treat these deficits, which have shown promise in @entity161 , should be extended to all @entity1 with @entity716 .

title: Relationship of XXXX to diagnosis and symptoms across affective and non-affective psychoses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive dysfunction', 'Neurocognitive deficits', 'Neurocognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder', 'psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity149 :: (MESH:D002493,Disease) :: ['neurocognitive deficits']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the effects of @entity9732 (SMB), @entity9733 ( @entity9734 ) and its derivatives in vivo, @entity4389 and @entity9735 on K+ channels of the central neurons and its mechanisms. METHODS: By using whole-cell patch-clamp technique, the effects of SMB on transient outward K+ (I(A)) and delayed rectifier K+ currents(IK) were observed. RESULTS: (1) SMB can increase the amplitudes of I(A) and I(K) in a dose-dependent and voltage-dependent manner. Their half-increase doses were 15.8 micromol/L and 11.5 micromol/L respectively. (2) SMB (10 micromol/L) significantly shifted the activation curves of I(A) and I(K) to more positive potentials. Before and after application of 10 micromol/L SMB, the half-activation voltages of I(A) and I(K) were (- 12.6 +/- 1.6) mV and (- 7.0 +/- 1.3) mV, (10.8 +/- 0.9) mV and (21.6 +/- 0.7) mV (P < 0.01, n = 8), respectively, but the slope factors were not changed. (3) The inactivation curve of I(A) was shifted to positive potentials, the half-inactivation voltage of I(A) were (- 97.0 +/- 1.1) mV and (- 84.4 +/- 3.3) mV (P < 0.01, n = 8) before and after application of SMB (10 micromol/L), without changing the slope factors. (4) SOD, CAT and GPx could partly inhibit the incremental effect of SMB on I(A) and I(K). CONCLUSION: SMB, @entity9734 and its derivatives in vivo, @entity4389 and @entity9735 have the damage effects on the central nervous system, and they can cause extracellular K+ increase and induce the disturbance of the central neuronal functions. Its mechanism may involve oxidation damage in the @entity35 hippocampal @entity1249 neurons, caused by @entity599 - and @entity26 -centered free radicals formed in the process of @entity9735 or @entity9736 oxidation.

title: [Effects of XXXX on potassium currents in acutely isolated @entity35 hippocampal @entity1249 neurons].

entities_list: @entity9735 :: ('CHEBI:48854', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfite']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity9732 :: ('MESH:C005200', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium metabisulfite']

entities_list: @entity9733 :: ('MESH:D013458', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfur dioxide']

entities_list: @entity9736 :: ('MESH:C042345', 'Chemical') :: ['bisulfite']

entities_list: @entity4389 :: ('MESH:C009279', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bisulfite']

answer: @entity9732 :: (MESH:C005200,Chemical) :: ['sodium metabisulfite']


abstract: @entity13785 is a @entity74 caused by a deficiency of acid a-glucosidase ( @entity12190 ). @entity1 with classic @entity13785 usually present with @entity1121 and die before 1 year of age, if not treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). In comparison, @entity1 with late-onset @entity13785 typically do not have @entity1121 . However, here we describe five @entity1 who presented with @entity1121 but did not fit the criteria of classic @entity13785 . Their ages at diagnosis of @entity296 were 1 month in two @entity1 following detection of an audible cardiac murmur and 2-3 years in the three remaining @entity1 . All @entity1 survived for 5-8 years without ERT. Three @entity1 died before the advent of ERT from causes other than @entity712 . One @entity1 had a good response to ERT starting at 5 years of age. The sibling of one @entity1 , who did not receive ERT and died at age seven, was diagnosed prenatally. At 3  months of age, the sibling had @entity1121 , and a muscle biopsy at that time revealed glycogen accumulation.This case series demonstrates that @entity13785 is a continuum of disease, and the development of @entity296 is not limited to classic @entity13785 . These @entity1 do not fit into the discrete phenotypes of infantile- or late-onset @entity13785 , which may suggest reconsidering the nomenclature of @entity13785 .

title: @entity1121 in XXXX is not limited to the classic infantile-onset phenotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity13785 :: ('MESH:D006009', 'Disease') :: ['infantile-onset Pompe disease', 'Pompe disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity13785 :: (MESH:D006009,Disease) :: ['pompe disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity158 is transmitted to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord via the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), which contains two types of neurons with differential sensitivity to neurotrophic factors. If either type predominantly innervates the hip joint, it may represent a good target for hip joint @entity158 treatment. METHODS: Inflammation was induced in the left hip joint of @entity35 (n  =  10) by using complete Freund's adjuvant. Fluoro-Gold (FG) was applied to the hip joint after 7 days, and T12-L6 DRGs were double-stained for @entity4655 ( @entity4655 ) and isolection-IB4 1 week later. RESULTS: FG-labeled neurons in the control group were distributed throughout the left DRG from T13 to L5, primarily in L2 to L4, and @entity4655 -positive neurons were significantly more frequent than IB4-binding neurons. In the inflammatory group, FG-labeled neurons were similarly distributed, primarily at L3 and L4, and @entity4655 -positive neurons were significantly more frequent than IB4-binding neurons. The percentage of @entity4655 -positive neurons was significantly greater in the inflammatory group (P  <  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Most small neurons innervating the hip joint express @entity4655 . Furthermore, @entity32 caused an increase in @entity4655 -positive neurons, but not in IB4-binding neurons. Our results suggest that @entity4655 -expressing nerve growth factor-dependent neurons are primarily responsible for hip joint @entity158 and may represent therapeutic targets.

title: Inflammatory XXXX -related traits of sensory DRG neurons innervating the hip joints.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['hip joint inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4655 :: ('24241(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['CGRP', 'calcitonin gene-related peptide']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Hip pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 86 Background: Timely end-of-life (EOL) discussions and @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ) are crucial to quality @entity5 care; however, @entity1 , family caregivers (CGs), and oncologists often avoid these tender conversations. When EOL discussions are avoided, @entity1 are more likely to receive non-beneficial treatment near death and CGs are more likely to experience @entity146 disturbance. Mindfulness meditation facilitates emotional regulation and may enhance adaptive coping necessary for EOL discussions and @entity1442 . METHODS: Mindfully Optimizing Delivery of End-of-Life (MODEL) Care is a within-group pilot study developed to train @entity1 with advanced-stage solid @entity5 and their CGs (n=13 dyads) in present-moment awareness and non-reactive coping through a variety of mindfulness practices. Eligible @entity1 met a threshold for avoidant coping and had not completed a Physician Orders for Scope of Treatment (POST) form documenting care preferences. Cognitive avoidance and quality of life (QoL) for @entity1 and CGs were assessed from baseline (T1) to post-intervention (T2) and 1-month follow-up (T3) with standardized response mean (SRM) effect sizes. @entity1442 from T1 to T3 was assessed descriptively. RESULTS: Moderate decreases in @entity5 -related avoidance were found for @entity1 (SRM=-0.47) and CGs (SRM=-0.59) T1 to T2, while T1 to T3 effects were small for @entity1 (SRM=-0.31) and large for CGs (SRM=-1.12). At T1, no @entity1 had completed a POST form; by T3, 50% reported completing one and 40% were preparing to do so soon. At T1, 23% of @entity1 reported having had a 'goals of care' discussion with their oncologist, with 82% doing so by T3. At T1, 46% of @entity1 reported having discussed 'goals of care' with their CGs, with 100% doing so by T3. Large improvements in QoL were found at both time points for @entity1 and CGs (SRMs ranging from 0.85 to 1.21). CONCLUSIONS: Mindfulness was associated with mostly moderate reductions in avoidant coping and large improvements in QoL for @entity1 and caregivers, with notable @entity1442 progress for @entity1 .

title: Impact of mindfulness training on avoidant coping and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advance care planning', 'ACP']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity1442 :: (MESH:D020178,Disease) :: ['advance care planning']


abstract: @entity859 acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain through the activation of four specific G-protein-coupled receptors (the A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 receptors). The A1 receptor has long been known to mediate neuroprotection, mostly by blockade of @entity141 influx, which results in inhibition of @entity2227 release and reduction of its excitatory effects at a postsynaptic level. However, the development of selective A1 receptor agonists as antiischemic agents has been hampered by their major cardiovascular side effects. More recently, apparently deleterious effects have been reported following the activation of other @entity859 receptor subtypes, namely, the A2A and the A3 receptors. In particular, selective A2A receptor antagonists have been demonstrated to markedly reduce cell death associated with @entity2806 in the @entity35 , suggesting that the cerebral A2A receptor may indeed contribute to the development of @entity2806 . The beneficial effects evoked by A2A antagonists may be due to blockade of presynaptic A2A receptors (which are stimulatory on @entity2227 release) and/or to inhibition of A2A receptor-mediated activation of microglial cells. Even more puzzling data have been reported for the A3 receptor subtype, which can indeed mediate both cell protection and cell death, simply depending upon the degree of receptor activation and/or specific pathophysiological conditions. In particular, a mild subthreshold activation of this receptor has been associated with a reinforcement of the cytoskeleton and reduction of spontaneous apoptosis, which may play a role in " @entity63 preconditioning" of the brain, according to which a short @entity63 period may protect the brain from a subsequent, sustained @entity63 insult that would be lethal. In contrast, a robust and prolonged activation of the A3 receptor has been shown to trigger cell death by either @entity39 or apoptosis. Such apparently opposing actions may be reconciled by hypothesizing that @entity859 -mediated cell killing during @entity63 may be aimed at isolating the most damaged areas to favor those parts of the brain that still retain a chance for functional recovery. In fact, both A3 receptor-mediated cell death and A2A receptor-mediated actions may be viewed as an attempt to selectively kill irreversibly damaged cells in the "core" @entity63 area, in order to save space and energy for the surrounding live cells in the "pneumbra" area. Hence, the pharmacological modulation of the A2A and A3 receptors via selective ligands may represent a novel strategy in the therapeutic approach to pathologies characterized by acute or chronic neurodegenerative events.

title: Brain XXXX receptors as targets for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative diseases.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia', 'ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: @entity3 of @entity976 is uncommon. Only 10 cases have been reported in the literature. In this report, we describe 3 @entity1 who presented @entity3 following operative treatment of @entity976 . All 3 @entity1 (ages: 32, 11, and 9 years) underwent radical excision of a supradiaphragmatic, retrochiasmatic @entity976 by the right frontopterional approach. Resection was considered as total in all cases. All @entity1 required hormone replacement therapy. Local recurrence was observed in only one case. @entity3 occurred along the surgical route in all three @entity1 . The interval between surgery and @entity3 was 5 and 3 years in the first two cases. The third @entity1 presented two @entity3 : one in the temporal space at 3 years and another in the frontal space at 10 years. Repeat surgery was performed in 2 @entity1 . The first case involved a lesion located in the right frontal space, and the second involved local recurrence and @entity3 along the surgical route. The third @entity1 was treated by puncture and radiation therapy for the temporal lesion and surveillance for the frontal lesions. No recurrence has been observed at 2 and 7 years after re-operation. Although rare, @entity3 of @entity976 has been reported up to 21 years after resection of the @entity5 . @entity3 often occurs along the surgical route, as in our 3 cases, but spreading to distant locations via cerebrospinal fluid has been observed. Regular follow-up is necessary, even after supposedly total resection.

title: [Postoperative intracranial seeding of XXXX . Three case reports and a review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['suprasellar craniopharyngioma', 'craniopharyngioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['craniopharyngioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the common occurrence of @entity472 , the cellular causes of the disorder are unknown, in part because of the absence of experimental models. We hypothesized that @entity731 and early bone matrix expression in the aortic valve occurs secondary to experimental @entity1007 and that treatment with @entity2993 modifies this transformation. METHODS AND RESULTS: To test this hypothesis, we developed an experimental @entity753 @entity95 model. New Zealand White @entity95 (n=48) were studied: group 1 (n=16), normal diet; group 2 (n=16), 1% (wt/wt) @entity165 diet; and group 3 (n=16), 1% (wt/wt) @entity165 diet plus @entity2993 (3 mg/kg per day). The aortic valves were examined with @entity1710 and @entity1711 stain, Masson trichrome, macrophage (RAM 11), proliferation cell nuclear antigen ( @entity12914 ), and osteopontin immunostains. @entity165 and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) serum levels were obtained by standard assays. Computerized morphometry and digital image analysis were performed for quantifying @entity12914 (% area). Electron microscopy and immunogold labeling were performed for osteopontin. Semiquantitative RT-PCR was performed for the osteoblast bone markers [alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, and osteoblast lineage-specific transcription factor (Cbfa-1)]. There was an increase in @entity165 , hsCRP, @entity12914 , RAM 11, and osteopontin and osteoblast gene markers (alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, and Cbfa-1) in the @entity165 -fed @entity95 compared with control @entity95 . All markers except hsCRP were reduced by @entity2993 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings of increased macrophages, @entity12914 levels, and bone matrix proteins in the aortic valve during experimental @entity1007 provide evidence of a proliferative @entity731 -like process in the aortic valve associated with the transformation to an osteoblast-like phenotype that is inhibited by @entity2993 .

title: XXXX inhibits @entity1007 -induced cellular proliferation and bone matrix production in the @entity95 aortic valve.

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity2993 :: (MESH:C065179,Chemical) :: ['Atorvastatin']


abstract: A prospective study of all @entity64 cases in the Espoo--Kauniainen area (population 113 000) in South-Finland was carried out during 1972 and 1973 by the WHO @entity64 register method. 286 @entity64 @entity1 were registered; 61% of them had a @entity4798 , 16% an @entity1779 and 15% a @entity510 . The total incidence was 200/100 000/year after age adjustment of the results to the population of Finland. The incidence of @entity510 , 23.9/100 000/year was especially high. The mortality within three months was 40%, and that after median follow-up periods of four and six years was 62% and 67% respectively. In the @entity1779 group the 3-month mortality was very high (72%), but it did not change during the follow-up period. In the @entity510 group the 3-month mortality was 43%, which increased slightly, but in the @entity4798 group the 3-month mortality of 30% increased steadily up to 66% during the follow-up period. The causes of @entity204 after the acute stage were cardiovascular as often as cerebrovascular. After four and six years, 71% of the survivors were fully independent in activities of daily living. After four years 21% had even returned to work. 16% of the survivors were still working after six years.

title: Outcome of XXXX in the Espoo--Kauniainen area, Finland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral haemorrhage']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging in detecting early @entity583 in vivo after @entity1563 . DESIGN: A prospective, controlled @entity235 study using a left anterior descending coronary artery ligation model. INTERVENTIONS: After thiopental anesthesia, nine mongrel @entity235 underwent cardiac-gated magnetic resonance imaging with a 2.35-T magnet with a 40-cm bore before and four hours after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Hemodynamic and left ventricular blood flow changes were determined. The mean image intensity ratio of the suspected @entity1188 region to the normal @entity1562 was determined in the four-hour postocclusion images and compared with the ratio from the same anatomic region obtained at baseline. The area of @entity39 and @entity63 was determined using @entity941 and @entity5045 staining immediately after four-hour images. All animals were noted to have @entity39 (range, 1.8% to 20.4% of ventricles) and @entity63 (range, 9.2% to 36.6% of ventricles) @entity1562 with histochemical staining. The mean intensity ratio of @entity1188 four hours after left anterior descending @entity1563 was significantly higher than baseline (four hours, 2.31 +/- 0.82; baseline, 1.02 +/- 0.09; P < .002). CONCLUSION: Magnetic resonance imaging can distinguish @entity296 associated with acute infarcting @entity1562 in vivo as early as four hours after left anterior descending @entity1563 . Magnetic resonance imaging may be clinically useful in identifying thrombolytic therapy candidates among acute @entity583 @entity1 presenting with atypical symptoms.

title: Early detection of @entity583 with magnetic resonance imaging in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyl tetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial edema']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic myocardium', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarcted myocardium']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of an on-call physical therapy programme in the management of acute exacerbations of @entity1030 . DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Secondary care level, rural hospital. SUBJECTS: Thirty-eight @entity1 with acute exacerbations of @entity1030 . INTERVENTIONS: Regular physical therapy and on-call physical therapy was given to two groups of @entity1 with 19 in each arm. On-call physical therapy included providing respiratory physical therapy as required by the @entity1 out of business hours. MAIN MEASURES: Peak expiratory flow rate, sustained maximal inspiration, six-minute walk distance and rating of perceived exertion post six-minute walk test. RESULTS: In the group receiving on-call physical therapy, peak expiratory flow rate and six-minute walk test showed a significant difference (52.1 L/min and 98.16 m, respectively) when compared with the control group (211.57 +/- 51.12 L/min and 159.47 +/- 67.78 L/min; P =0.01 and 387.89 +/- 110.1 m and 289.73 +/- 103.2 m; P=0.004 respectively). The difference in peak expiratory flow rate (Delta peak expiratory flow rate) was seen to be more in the on-call group (120 L/min) when compared to the control group (50 L/min), P =0.002. Improvements in sustained maximal inspiration and Borg's rating of perceived exertion after the six-minute walk test were also observed (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: On-call physical therapy brings about a significant increase in peak expiratory flow rates, six-minute walk distance and sustained maximal inspiration.

title: The effects of 'on-call/out of hours' physical therapy in acute exacerbations of XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: @entity10579 is the prototype of a growing group of @entity74 caused by an @entity16440 . The defect causes the enzyme @entity2196 to remain in the cytosol instead of being packaged into peroxisomes. This mislocalization can be easily detected by sedimentation analysis. Amniocytes were homogenized and then centrifuged to pellet organelles. @entity2196 was found to sediment with the peroxisomes in the homogenates of normal cells, but to remain in the supernatant with @entity10579 amniocyte homogenates. This striking difference is unambiguous and reproducible, and provides a simple method for prenatal diagnosis. Moreover, it allows one to differentiate diseases in which peroxisomes are deficient from other @entity16440 in which the organelle is intact, but one enzyme is defective. Electron microscopic observations support the biochemical determinations. Normal amniocytes contain small peroxisomes in which a weak cytochemical reaction for @entity2196 may be demonstrated. Zellweger amniocytes appear to lack these organelles, although some cells have rare structures that might be residual or abnormal peroxisomes.

title: XXXX amniocytes: morphological appearance and a simple sedimentation method for prenatal diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity2196 :: ('847', 'Gene') :: ['catalase', 'Catalase']

entities_list: @entity10579 :: ('MESH:D015211', 'Disease') :: ['Zellweger syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16440 :: ('MESH:D018901', 'Disease') :: ['peroxisomal diseases', 'absence or deficiency of peroxisomes']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic diseases']

answer: @entity10579 :: (MESH:D015211,Disease) :: ['Zellweger syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2876 , a common indication for liver transplantation, can be associated with situs inversus. Our experience with liver transplantation in @entity1 (n = 6) was reviewed retrospectively. @entity1 AND METHODS: Preoperative duplex sonography, computerized tomography, and visceral angiography were obtained. @entity455 identified included @entity6315 (6/6), interrupted @entity6323 (5/6), and aberrant hepatic artery (4/6). RESULTS: The liver graft was placed in a midline position. Venous continuity was achieved by donor suprahepatic @entity6323 to recipient hepatic cloaca and direct end-to-end portal @entity254 . The donor infrahepatic @entity6323 was oversewn. Arterial continuity was restored using either a direct branch-patch @entity254 (3/6) or a supraceliac aortic interposition graft (3/6). In retrospect, preoperative diagnostic work-up was noncontributory and outcome was not complicated by pre-existing situs inversus. CONCLUSION: Situs inversus in liver recipients requires operative technical modifications, but does not change outcome. Furthermore, extensive preoperative work-up should be avoided.

title: Evaluation, operative management, and outcome after liver transplantation in XXXX with @entity2876 and situs inversus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['Biliary atresia']

entities_list: @entity6323 :: ('MESH:C563013', 'Disease') :: ['inferior vena cava']

entities_list: @entity6315 :: ('MESH:C563407', 'Disease') :: ['preduodenal portal vein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity440 is effective in @entity0 therapy in postmenopausal @entity1 ; however, it causes adverse effects that alter the glycolytic pathway and induce @entity4854 . @entity3092 , a @entity3096 with antioxidant potential, inhibits @entity16855 ( @entity16855 ), which is positively associated with @entity4854 . Therefore, this study investigated the effect of @entity3092 on @entity440 -induced @entity4854 , using @entity16855 activity as a bioindicator in adult ovariectomized @entity35 . The ovariectomized @entity35 were treated orally for 14 days with different concentrations of @entity3092 (2.5, 7.5, 22.5, and 67.5   mg.kg(-1) b.w.) and @entity440 (5   mg.kg(-1) b.w.). Subsequently, they were euthanized; blood and tissue samples were collected. The following biochemical parameters were analyzed: plasma @entity413 levels and @entity16855 activity in the plasma, liver, intestine, and adipose tissue. The most effective dose of @entity3092 in reducing @entity4854 was 22.5   mg.kg(-1) b.w. (Que/ @entity16235 4.5/1, P   <   .00000), although the doses of 2.5 (Que/ @entity16235 0.5/1, P   <   .05) and 7.5   mg.kg(-1) b.w. (Que/ @entity16235 1.5/1, P   <   .05) were also effective. The @entity16855 activity decreased in the intestine at all tested doses of @entity3092 coadministered with @entity440 (P   <   .01); however, in adipose tissue, there was a biphasic activity with a decrease (P   <   .05) and increase (P   <   .05) in activity at doses of 7.5 and 22.5   mg.kg(-1) b.w. of @entity3092 , respectively. However, the correlation between @entity16855 and @entity413 levels was not significant (P   >   .05). In summary, the findings of the present study suggest that @entity3092 when associated with @entity440 decreases in plasma @entity413 levels. Furthermore, in these cases, @entity16855 should not be used as an indicator of @entity4854 .

title: Antihyperglycemic Effect of XXXX in Ovariectomized @entity35 Treated with @entity440 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity16855 :: ('65036(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['butyrylcholinesterase', 'BuChE']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Wistar rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin', 'Quercetin']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3092 :: (MESH:D011794,Chemical) :: ['Quercetin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Video electroencephalography (vEEG) is the gold-standard method for diagnosing psychogenic @entity410 (PNES), but such assessment is expensive, unavailable in many centers, requires prolonged hospitalization, and many times is unable to capture an actual @entity410 episode. This paper systematically reviews other non-vEEG candidate biomarkers that may facilitate both diagnosis and study of PNES as differentiated from @entity302 ( @entity302 ). METHODS: PubMed database was searched to identify articles between 1980 and 2015 (inclusion: adult PNES population with or without controls, English language; exclusion: review articles, meta-analyses, single case reports). RESULTS: A total of 49 studies were examined, including neuroimaging, autonomic nervous system, @entity4090 , other (non- @entity4090 ) hormonal, enzyme, and miscellaneous marker studies. Functional MRI studies have shown PNES is hyperlinked with @entity4785 centers in the brain, although conflicting findings are seen across studies and none used @entity146 comparators. Heart rate variability suggests increased vagal tone in PNES when compared to @entity302 . @entity4090 is elevated in @entity302 but not PNES, although shows low diagnostic sensitivity. Postictal @entity701 and @entity908 kinase are nonspecific. Other miscellaneous biomarkers (neuron specific enolase, brain derived neurotropic factor, ghrelin, leptin, @entity491 ) showed no conclusive evidence of utility. Many studies are limited by lack of @entity146 comparators, size, and other methodological issues. CONCLUSION: No single biomarker successfully differentiates PNES from @entity302 ; in fact, PNES is only diagnosed via the negation of @entity302 . Clinical assessment and rigorous investigation of psychosocial variables specific to PNES remain critical, and subtyping of PNES is warranted. Future investigational and clinical imperatives are discussed.

title: Biomarkers in the diagnosis and study of psychogenic XXXX : A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'nonepileptic seizures']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity4785 :: ('MESH:D004213', 'Disease') :: ['dissociation and emotional dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity4090 :: ('5617', 'Gene') :: ['prolactin', 'Prolactin']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'ES']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['nonepileptic seizures']


abstract: Immunomodulatory effects of @entity4878 may be part of their anti-carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. We studied the in vivo effects of @entity1968 (RA) on antigen-presenting activity of @entity1 epidermal Langerhans cells and on accessory cell activity of keratinocytes. Two skin sites from each volunteer were treated in vivo with 0.1% RA or vehicle, respectively, once a day for 4 d. RA-treated epidermal cell (RA-EC) alloantigen presentation to @entity404 + T cells in each volunteer tested was consistently greater than that induced by vehicle EC. However, this increased antigen-presenting activity did not lead to autoreactive @entity404 + T-lymphocyte proliferation. Elevated unfractionated epidermal antigen-presenting activity of RA-EC was not due to increased keratinocyte major histocompatibility complex (MHC) or intercellular adhesion molecule expression or to other keratinocyte accessory signaling, because incubation of @entity4896 -fluoroscence-activated cell sorter (FACS)-purified RA-EC inhibited alloantigen presentation, presumably through increased keratinocyte @entity2533 . By contrast, Langerhans cell function was upregulated; FACS-purified @entity4896 + Langerhans cells derived from RA-EC displayed a markedly increased ability, relative to Langerhans cells from vehicle EC, to present alloantigen to T cells. Triple color flow-cytometric analysis of RA-EC and vehicle EC suspensions revealed that RA treatment did not modify the number of DR+ and @entity4896 +DR+EC, but did result in statistically significant increases in Langerhans cells expression of HLA-DR, @entity2935 , and @entity4897 . Another novel finding was that HLA-DR-dependent Langerhans cells antigen-presenting activity in both normal and RA-treated skin was completely blocked by anti- @entity2935 antibody. Thus, @entity554 upregulation of antigen-presenting activity may be due to upregulation of Langerhans cell @entity2935 , as well as class II MHC. Upregulation of cutaneous immune responsiveness in @entity1 skin without autoreactivity has not (to our knowledge) been reported previously, and the Langerhans cell phenotypic and functional state achieved is distinct from previously reported states of Langerhans cell activation.

title: @entity1968 upregulates @entity1 Langerhans cell antigen presentation and surface expression of HLA-DR and XXXX , a beta 2 integrin critically involved in T-cell activation.

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-beta']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

answer: @entity2935 :: (3687,Gene) :: ['CD11c']


abstract: An epizootiological field study on @entity7545 in foxes ( @entity13616 ) was carried out in different parts of Croatia. Spleen samples of 191 carcasses of red foxes killed in sanitary hunting, were examined for the presence of hematozoa by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent sequencing. The investigation revealed four species of hematozoa in 57 foxes (30%), namely Theileria annae, Theileria sp. 3182/05 and @entity14990 . T. annae was found in 10 foxes (5%), Theileria sp. 3182/05 in a single animal (1%), @entity14991 in 44 (23%) and Hepatozoon sp. was detected in two foxes (1%). T. annae and @entity14991 were distributed through all the studied regions, while Theileria sp. 3182/05 and Hepatozoon sp. were restricted to the Zagreb and Zagorje, and Istria regions, respectively. Detection of T. annae in all regions of Croatia indicates the presence of the natural cycle of the parasite and raises the possibility of other vectors other than the proposed @entity24496 .

title: Molecular detection of Theileria annae and XXXX in foxes ( @entity13616 ) in Croatia.

entities_list: @entity13616 :: ('9627', 'Species') :: ['Vulpes vulpes']

entities_list: @entity14990 :: ('MESH:C531834', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatozoon canis']

entities_list: @entity24496 :: ('34612', 'Species') :: ['Ixodes hexagonus']

entities_list: @entity7545 :: ('MESH:D017282', 'Disease') :: ['tick-borne protozoan infections']

answer: @entity14990 :: (MESH:C531834,Disease) :: ['Hepatozoon canis']


abstract: Adult male @entity35 were exposed to a chronic variable stress treatment, an animal model of @entity308 , with or without concurrent daily administration of @entity5829 . Animals given chronic and variable stress were submitted daily to a different stressor following an injection of either saline or @entity5829 (5 mg/kg, i.p.), whereas control animals were unmanipulated except for the injection process. One day after the last event of the chronic procedure, control and stressed animals were administered saline or @entity1286 (0.75 or 1.5 mg/kg, i.p.) and their locomotion assessed for 90 min. In an additional experiment, 24 h after the last stressor, stressed and control @entity35 were challenged with either saline or one of two higher doses (behaviorally suppressant) of @entity1286 (5 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.). A significantly greater @entity2915 following a low dose (1.5 mg/kg) of @entity1286 was observed in chronically stressed @entity35 as compared to control @entity35 . This potentiated locomotor response to @entity1286 in stressed @entity35 was prevented by @entity5829 pretreatment. The chronic and variable stress treatment did not modify the sedative response to the high doses of @entity1286 . These data support the suggestion that a chronic and variable stress procedure results in sensitization to the stimulant effect of opioid stimulation, and that pretreatment with the antidepressant agent @entity5829 blocks the development of this sensitization.

title: Chronic variable stress enhances the stimulatory action of a low dose of @entity1286 : reversal by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['increase in locomotor activity']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity5829 :: (MESH:D003891,Chemical) :: ['desipramine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) is a reasonable alternative to carotid endarterectomy, especially in @entity1 at high risk for surgery. Carotid stent @entity715 can cause thrombembolic events, but fortunately, it is a very rare complication. We present two cases of carotid stent @entity715 and their long-term follow-up. CASE REPORTS: One @entity1 had severe bilateral @entity543 and the other had contralateral @entity432 . Both @entity1 were on correct antithrombotic treatment and received balloon expandable stents (bare metal stent and drug-eluting stent). During @entity2998 , large @entity715 formed within the stent followed by rapid hemodynamic and neurological alteration. We gave a bolus thrombolytic in the clot, followed by continuous intra-arterial infusion. In one case, we performed additional angioplasty. Repeated angiography showed complete resolution of the @entity715 , followed by progressive improvement in the neurological state. At discharge, the @entity1 had no @entity51 . CT scans revealed no acute @entity2806 . One @entity1 had in-stent restenosis 3 years later, which was treated with an additional self-expandable stent. The last follow-up was done 4 and 9 years, respectively, from the initial @entity2998 complication. Both @entity1 did not experience any neurological events after the last procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Carotid stent @entity715 is a rare but potentially fatal complication following @entity2998 . Rapid invasive diagnosis and reperfusion should be done to limit @entity2806 . The possible causes must be sighted and reperfusion must be started. Despite an initial dramatic course, a rapid reperfusion ensures a complete neurological recovery and a good prognosis in the long term.

title: Acute carotid stent XXXX : review of the literature and long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['CAS', 'Carotid artery stenting']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['carotid occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombus']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although laparoscopic total extraperitoneal repair (TEP) has been reported to have a low recurrence rate and relatively little @entity282 , there have been few studies reported regarding contralateral occurrence after TEP. Although a high incidence of occult @entity717 has been reported in the literature, it is unknown whether occult hernias have any significance in clinical settings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of contralateral occurrence after TEP for @entity169 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of 157 TEPs between April 2003 and May 2009. No @entity1 had undergone contralateral exploration during TEP for unilateral @entity169 . RESULTS: Five (3.2%) of 157 unilateral TEPs developed a @entity547 on the contralateral side. In three @entity1 , the initial @entity547 was on the right side, and in two it was on the left side. In four @entity1 the initial @entity547 was indirect, and in one it was direct. The mean duration to contralateral occurrence was 12.2 months. Three @entity1 had contralateral occurrence within 6 months after the primary TEP, while in two over a year passed before contralateral occurrence. All five @entity1 had undergone TEP for contralateral occurrence. The mean operation time was 87.2 min, and there was little intraoperative @entity190 . There were no complications during and after the second TEP. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of contralateral occurrence after TEP was found to be low. TEP is a valuable procedure with a low contralateral occurrence rate, and repeated TEP for contralateral occurrence can be performed easily.

title: Contralateral occurrence after laparoscopic total extraperitoneal XXXX repair for @entity169 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral hernias']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral inguinal hernia', 'inguinal hernias']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']