abstract: AIMS: Lesion length remains a predictor of @entity75 revascularisation and results of long lesion stenting remain poor. @entity3446 -eluting stents have been shown to perform better than paclitaxel eluting stents in long lesions. In this substudy of the LEADERS trial, we compared the performance of biolimus biodegradable polymer (BES) and @entity3446 permanent polymer stents (SES) in long lesions. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 1,707 'all-comer' @entity1 were randomly allocated to treatment with BES and SES. A stratified analysis of angiographic and clinical outcomes at nine months and one year, respectively was performed for vessels with lesion length <20 mm versus >20 mm (as measured by quantitative angiography).Of 1,707 @entity1 , 592 BES @entity1 with 831 lesions and 619 SES @entity1 with 876 lesions had only short lesions treated. One hundred and fifty-three BES @entity1 with 166 lesions and 151 SES @entity1 with 162 lesions had long lesions. There were no significant differences in baseline clinical characteristics, except for higher number of @entity1 with long lesions presenting with @entity583 in both stent groups. @entity66 tended to have lower @entity8431 and greater percent diameter stenosis at baseline than short lesions. Late loss was greater for long lesions than short lesions. There was no statistically significant difference in late loss between BES and SES stents (0.32+/-0.69 vs 0.24+/-0.57, p=0.59). @entity1347 was present in 23.2% versus 13.1% of long lesions treated with BES and SES, respectively (p=0.042). In @entity1 with long lesions, the overall MACE rate was similar for BES and SES (17% vs 14.6%; p=0.62). There was a trend towards higher overall TLR rate with BES (12.4 % vs 6.0%; HR=2.06; p=0.07) and clinically driven TLR (10.5% vs 5.3%: HR 1.94; p=0.13). Rates of definite stent @entity715 were 3.3% in the long lesion group and 1.3-1.7 % in the short lesion group. CONCLUSIONS: BES and SES appear similar with respect to MACE in long lesions in this "all-comer" @entity1 population. However, long lesions tended to have a higher rate of @entity1347 and TLR following BES than SES treatment.

title: Biolimus-eluting biodegradable polymer versus XXXX -eluting permanent polymer stent performance in long lesions: results from the LEADERS multicentre trial substudy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Long lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['binary in-segment restenosis', 'Binary in-segment restenosis']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus', 'Sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: @entity9 represents a substantial clinical challenge; understanding the underlying neural mechanisms and back-translation of therapeutics could aid targeting of treatments more effectively. The ventral posterior thalamus (VP) is the major termination site for the spinothalamic tract and relays nociceptive activity to the somatosensory cortex; however, under @entity1109 , it is unclear how hyperexcitability of spinal neurons converges onto thalamic relays. This study aimed to identify neural substrates of @entity56 and the influence of @entity4481 on central processing. In vivo electrophysiology was performed to record from VP wide dynamic range (WDR) and @entity10237 ( @entity10237 ) neurons in anesthetized spinal nerve-ligated (SNL), sham-operated, and naive @entity35 . In @entity1109 @entity35 , WDR neurons had elevated evoked responses to low- and high-intensity punctate mechanical stimuli, dynamic brushing, and innocuous and noxious cooling, but less so to heat stimulation, of the receptive field. @entity10237 neurons in SNL @entity35 also displayed increased responses to noxious punctate mechanical stimulation, dynamic brushing, noxious cooling, and noxious heat. Additionally, WDR, but not @entity10237 , neurons in SNL @entity35 exhibited substantially higher rates of spontaneous firing, which may correlate with @entity158 . The ratio of WDR-to- @entity10237 neurons was comparable between SNL and naive/sham groups, suggesting relatively few @entity10237 neurons gain sensitivity to low-intensity stimuli leading to a "WDR phenotype." After @entity16 was induced, the proportion of cold-sensitive WDR and @entity10237 neurons increased, supporting the suggestion that changes in frequency-dependent firing and population coding underlie cold @entity56 . In SNL @entity35 , @entity4481 inhibited mechanical and heat responses but not cold-evoked or elevated spontaneous activity.

title: Neuronal hyperexcitability in the ventral posterior thalamus of @entity1109 @entity35 : modality selective effects of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic conditions', 'neuropathic']

entities_list: @entity10237 :: ('MESH:D059226', 'Disease') :: ['nociceptive-specific', 'NS']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['ongoing pain']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity4481 :: (MESH:C080245,Chemical) :: ['pregabalin']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Masiningan is a traditional medicine consisting of six crude drugs that have been used for treating @entity6 in both Japan and China. Masiningan has been reported to have significant @entity4641 inhibitory activity and to affect cells in the insulin-signaling pathway. The aim of the present study is to identify the @entity4641 inhibitory compounds in Masiningan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bioactivity peaks were identified by analytical HPLC profiling and @entity4641 inhibitory activity profiling of sub-fractions from Masiningan extract. The bioactive compounds were isolated by tracking two identified bioactive peaks, and the chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses. The bioactive compounds were further investigated for their inhibitory effect against @entity4641 by enzymatic kinetic analysis, molecular docking simulation, inhibitory selectivity against other PTPs, and cellular activity in the insulin signal transduction pathway. RESULTS: From Masiningan, @entity1060 (1) and @entity33595 (2) were isolated as compounds that exhibited significant dose-dependent inhibitory activities against @entity4641 , with IC50 values of 24.6 and 12.3 M, respectively. Kinetic analysis revealed that 1 is a non-competitive and that 2 is a competitive @entity4641 inhibitor. In the molecular docking simulation, compound 2 was stably positioned in the active pocket of @entity4641 , and the CDOCKER energy was calculated to be 24.3411kcal/mol. Both compounds demonstrated remarkably high selectivity against four PTPs and revealed cellular activity against the insulin signal transduction pathway. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1060 (1) and @entity33595 (2) were identified as the principle @entity4641 inhibitory active compounds in Masiningan, and their actions were investigated in detail. These findings demonstrated the effectiveness of @entity6 through the inhibition of @entity4641 at a molecular level as well as the potential of @entity1060 (1) and @entity33595 (2) as lead compounds in future anti- @entity6 drug development.

title: Identification and evaluation of XXXX and @entity33595 as the principle protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B inhibitory compounds in a Kampo medicine, Masiningan.

entities_list: @entity1060 :: ('MESH:C005498', 'Chemical') :: ['magnolol', 'Magnolol']

entities_list: @entity33595 :: ('MESH:C027113', 'Chemical') :: ['chrysophanol']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['constipation and diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes', 'Masiningan on diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity1060 :: (MESH:C005498,Chemical) :: ['magnolol']


abstract: @entity4407 ( @entity4407 ) is a Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative @entity5 ( @entity5 ) characterized by @entity1148 and @entity1373 of the bone marrow, with presence of the @entity4016 @entity4017 mutation in 50%-60% of @entity1 . @entity4407 evolves to @entity4018 in a minority of cases, whereas transformation to @entity3052 is rare and increases in association with the use of certain therapies. Survival of @entity4407 @entity1 does not substantially differ from that of the general population. However, important morbidity is derived from @entity455 , including @entity715 , @entity132 , and @entity548 . Because of this, treatment of @entity4407 must be aimed at preventing @entity715 and @entity548 without increasing the risk of transformation of the disease. @entity1 are considered at high risk of @entity715 if they are older than 60 years or have a previous history of @entity715 and at high risk of @entity548 if platelet counts are > 1500   10(9)/L. @entity1 with low-risk @entity4407 are usually managed with low-dose @entity117 , whereas treatment of high-risk @entity4407 is based on the use of cytoreductive therapy, with @entity1862 as the drug of choice and @entity686 being reserved for young @entity1 or pregnant @entity1 . For @entity1 resistant or intolerant to @entity1862 , @entity18829 is recommended as second-line therapy. Strict control of coexistent cardiovascular risk factors is mandatory for all @entity1 . The role in @entity4407 therapy of new drugs such as pegylated IFN or the @entity4016 inhibitors is currently under investigation.

title: Management of essential XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular disturbances']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative neoplasm', 'MPN']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['megakaryocytic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['myelofibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4407 :: ('MESH:D013920', 'Disease') :: ['Essential thrombocythemia', 'ET']

entities_list: @entity18829 :: ('MESH:C021139', 'Chemical') :: ['anagrelide']

answer: @entity1148 :: (MESH:D013922,Disease) :: ['thrombocythemia']


abstract: From 1989 to 1996, 275 @entity1 (245 male and 20 female) with @entity615 and @entity21392 of the lumbar spine were reviewed. All @entity1 were evaluated by a protocol that included nonoperative treatment, bone scan, and pars injection. Only those whose symptoms failed nonoperative measures, showing negative bone scan and positive pars injection, were regarded as candidates for surgical management. Pars injection with @entity1341 was done, and there were 93 cases with a positive response of reproducing symptoms and symptom relief. @entity1 then received autogenous bone grafting and internal fixation of the pars interarticularis defect. The internal fixation devices used included translaminar screws (AO 3.5 cancellous screw) for the most frequent level of L5, hook screws for levels above L4, and augmentation with wire for cases with concomitant spinal bifida occulta. The average age of the surgical group (85 male and 8 female) was 23 years (range: 19-35 years). After a follow-up averaging 30.4 months (range: 24-48 months), fusion results were 87%. Clinical results of 85 cases (91.3%) were excellent to good; 8 cases were fair; there were no poor cases. Direct repair of the pars defect by internal fixation and bone grafting was done to preserve involved motion segment and to prevent abnormal stresses at adjacent levels. These procedures seemed to be clinically effective.

title: Operative repair of symptomatic XXXX following a positive response to diagnostic pars injection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['Marcaine']

entities_list: @entity21392 :: ('MESH:D013169', 'Disease') :: ['spondylolysis']

answer: @entity21392 :: (MESH:D013169,Disease) :: ['spondylolysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a @entity136 and @entity1205 (GD) combination as a second-line treatment for @entity1 with metastatic @entity189 ( @entity189 ) after failure of first-line treatment with @entity902 -based chemotherapy. METHODS: From June 2006 to January 2012, 38 @entity1 with metastatic @entity189 previously treated with @entity902 -based chemotherapy received GD therapy. This consisted of @entity136 800 mg/m(2) and @entity1205 40 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 of each 21-day cycle as second-line chemotherapy. All the @entity1 were evaluated for @entity137 and assessed every cycle by imaging. We analyzed the efficacy of GD as second-line chemotherapy in the follow-up study. RESULTS: The median number of GD treatment cycles was 4 (range 2-9); the objective response rate was 47.4 %; and the median progression-free survival and median overall survival were 4.1 and 10.8 months, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses on the GD treated group showed that the existence of lung metastases was the only prognostic factor for @entity5 response. Grade 3 treatment-related @entity137 included @entity1398 (31.6 %) and @entity882 (15.8 %), and only one @entity1 with grade 4 @entity137 had @entity882 (2.6 %). CONCLUSIONS: The GD regimen as second-line chemotherapy was especially effective for lung metastatic @entity189 and yielded favorable results in @entity1 whose first-line @entity902 -based chemotherapy had failed. Given the safety and benefit profile seen in this study, a large prospective study is warranted to consider the potential utility of GD chemotherapy as a second-line for @entity189 .

title: @entity136 and XXXX , an effective second-line chemotherapy for lung metastasis of @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: The biological properties and underlying genetics of @entity356 and @entity356 evolve with @entity5 progression from the genetics of the original gland cell. PCR assay with crypt isolation was used in @entity5 from 20 @entity1 to examine microsatellite alterations (allelic imbalance at 17p, 5q, 18q, 3p, 4p, and 9p, and microsatellite instability) in glands from each @entity5 and from intestinal metaplastic lesions. Tumor specimens were processed as either pooled-gland samples or single-gland samples. Pooled gland sample was composed of 10-20 @entity5 glands, intestinal metaplastic glands, or nonmetaplastic glands. Single gland sample was 10 @entity5 glands from @entity5 and single gland sample was 5 gastric intestinal metaplastic and 5 nonmetaplastic glands from its surrounding metaplastic mucosa. Multiple genetic alterations were found in individual @entity5 glands, with various subclonal expansions seen within the same @entity5 . Although microsatellite instability was found in 2 of 20 @entity5 single-gland samples, none was detected in metaplastic single-gland samples. Most @entity5 appear to have a heterogeneous composition. On the other hand, microsatellite alterations were also detected within the nonmetaplastic as well as intestinal metaplastic single-gland samples. In conclusion, the present data on @entity5 and corresponding intestinal metaplastic and nonmetaplastic glands suggest that genetic alterations already occur within the surrounding of the noncancerous mucosa.

title: Molecular analysis of single isolated glands in XXXX and their surrounding gastric intestinal metaplastic mucosa.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric intestinal metaplasia', 'gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancers']


abstract: @entity6926 is an @entity74 of the connective tissue stemming from gross abnormalities in collagen formation and structure. Affected @entity1 fall into 4 classifications each displaying the similar properties of easily fractured bones, @entity2720 , blue or gray sclera, @entity85 , and fragile skin. More severe forms of the disease may manifest @entity1423 , @entity299 , @entity2495 , respiratory compromise, and/or basilar invagination. Treatment of @entity6926 is mainly supportive, consisting of prompt surgical treatment of @entity174 to @entity85 and maintaining mobility to lessen the chance of @entity65 . These treatment modalities make anesthesia of paramount importance. Current literature exposes many potential anesthetic complications associated with @entity6926 . The research shows that implications range from simply positioning the @entity1 on the operating room table to management of rare occurrences such as @entity590 . Commonly encountered complications include a difficult airway, @entity954 due to @entity1423 , respiratory compromise due to @entity85 , and @entity154 . Proper preparation and preoperative assessment is important, as is the choice of anesthetic technique. Correct identification of risk factors and optimization of health before surgery should lead to an uneventful anesthetic course.

title: Anesthetic implications for the @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cardiac anomalies']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2495 :: ('MESH:C565498', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetabolic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity590 :: ('MESH:D008305', 'Disease') :: ['malignant hyperthermia and basilar invagination']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disorder']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['hypermobile joints']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal deformities', 'prevent deformity', 'skeletal deformity']

entities_list: @entity6926 :: ('MESH:D010013', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenesis imperfecta', 'Osteogenesis imperfecta']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary or cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity6926 :: (MESH:D010013,Disease) :: ['osteogenesis imperfecta']


abstract: Lentinan, a pure polysaccharide, augments many immune responses in vivo but not in vitro. Therefore reaction with any factor is thought to be required for triggering of immunopotentiation by lentinan. To clarify the role of complement in this effect, we investigated whether lentinan could activate alternative pathway of complement or not and the relation with the immunopotentiation in 13 @entity356 @entity1 . C3, @entity4417 , C5 and @entity2242 levels as parameters of complement activation and @entity1199 producing activity as parameter of immunopotentiation were assayed before and immediately after intravenous injection of lentinan. Among these complement components, remarkable change was observed only in @entity4417 level. @entity4417 level elevated to more than 1000ng/ml from less than 300ng/ml. And according to the degree and continuation of the elevation, these @entity1 were classified into 3 types-(1) every time little elevation, (2) first remarkable and thereafter little elevation and (3) continuous remarkable elevation. Such an elevated @entity4417 level returned to the level before lentinan injection within one day. When @entity4417 level elevated to more than 1000ng/ml, leukocyte counts of peripheral blood decreased significantly and @entity1199 producing activity increased concomitantly. Thus, there was diversity in response to @entity27610 and complement activation was suggested to have contribution in immunopotentiation by lentinan.

title: [Diversity of complement activation by lentinan, an antitumor polysaccharide, in @entity356 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment with @entity470 ( @entity470 ) inhibitors can result in clinical response in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) for some unselected @entity1 . @entity470 and @entity984 mutation status, amplification of @entity470 , or gene expression predictors of response can forecast sensitivity to @entity470 inhibition. METHODS: Using an @entity1149 cell line model system, we identified and characterised microRNA (miRNA) gene expression that predicts response to @entity470 inhibition. RESULTS: Expression of 13 miRNA genes predicts response to @entity470 inhibition in @entity5 cell lines and @entity5 , and discriminates primary from @entity5 . Signature genes target proteins that are enriched for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition predicts @entity470 inhibitor resistance and metastatic behaviour. The EMT transcription factor, @entity18075 , shows altered expression in @entity3866 -sensitive @entity1149 and @entity1124 , where many signature miRNA genes are upregulated. Ectopic expression of @entity18076 alters expression of EMT proteins, sensitivity to @entity3866 , and migration in lung cells. Treatment with @entity2533 changes expression of signature miRNA and EMT proteins and modulates migration in lung cells. CONCLUSION: From these data, we hypothesise that the @entity5 microenvironment elicits @entity2533 and stimulates a miRNA gene expression program that induces resistance to anti- @entity470 therapy and @entity5 cells to EMT, invasion, and @entity3 .

title: A microRNA gene expression signature predicts response to XXXX in @entity5 cell lines and targets EMT.

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['PDAC', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['drives lung tumour', 'metastatic tumours', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity3866 :: (MESH:C400278,Chemical) :: ['erlotinib']


abstract: In order to evaluate cardiac involvement in bone marrow transplantation (BMT) we reviewed serial electrocardiograms, chest X-rays and cardiac pathology at autopsy in 45 consecutive adult @entity1 undergoing BMT for @entity1583 at our institution. All @entity1 were pretreated with @entity786 (CY, 120 mg/kg) and @entity348 ( @entity348 , 10-12 Gy). A total of 15 @entity1 developed electrocardiographic ST-segment or T-wave changes and/or @entity943 post-BMT; four of them also suffered from @entity712 . The @entity943 included frequent @entity1540 (two @entity1 ), @entity955 (one @entity1 ), repeated @entity4710 (one @entity1 ) and @entity1162 with @entity1165 (one @entity1 ). Twelve @entity1 showed an early drop of the total QRS voltage sum exceeding 15% of the pretransplant reading. In a subgroup of five @entity1 the voltage drop was associated with ST-segment or T-wave changes; three of them developed @entity712 . At autopsy in 15 @entity1 , the heart weight was on the average 113% of predicted. @entity296 , @entity82 and cellular @entity1184 were the most common microscopic findings. Two @entity1 had @entity14971 of the aortic valve. Thus, in our experience clinically significant @entity299 affects 5-10% of @entity1 undergoing BMT after pretreatment with CY and @entity348 . While @entity299 are generally not a major problem of BMT, they may have serious consequences for individual @entity1 and should therefore be carefully watched for in the treatment of BMT recipients.

title: Cardiac involvement in bone marrow transplantation: electrocardiographic changes, @entity943 , XXXX and autopsy findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial edema']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QT-prolongation']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complications', 'heart involvement']

entities_list: @entity14971 :: ('MESH:D059905', 'Disease') :: ['marantic endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'total body irradiation']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular extrasystoles']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: Germ cell development is a fundamental process required to produce offspring. The developmental program of spermatogenesis has been assumed to be similar among mammals. However, recent studies have revealed differences in the molecular properties of primate germ cells compared with the well-characterized @entity19 germ cells. This may prevent simple application of rodent insights into higher primates. Therefore, thorough investigation of primate germ cells is necessary, as this may lead to the development of more appropriate animal models. The aim of this study is to define molecular signatures of spermatogenic cells in the @entity7533 , @entity7533 . Interestingly, @entity14230 , @entity10346 , @entity29919 ( @entity29919 ), @entity29920 , and @entity21030 transcripts, but no @entity11824 ( @entity11824 ), were detected in adult marmoset testis. Conversely, @entity19 testis expressed @entity11824 but not @entity14230 , @entity10346 , @entity29919 , @entity29920 , and @entity21030 . Other previously described @entity19 germ cell markers were conserved in marmoset and @entity19 testes. Intriguingly, marmoset spermatogenic cells underwent dynamic protein expression in a developmental stage-specific manner; @entity29921 (VASA) protein was present in gonocytes, diminished in spermatogonial cells, and reexpressed in spermatocytes. To investigate epigenetic differences between adult marmoset and @entity19 , DNA methylation analyses identified unique epigenetic profiles to marmoset and @entity19 . Marmoset @entity14230 and @entity11824 promoters in spermatogenic cells exhibited a methylation status opposite to that in @entity19 , while the @entity29921 and @entity29922 loci, as well as imprinted genes, displayed an evolutionarily conserved methylation pattern. Marmosets have great advantages as models for @entity1 reproductive biology and are also valuable as experimental nonhuman primates; thus, the current study provides an important platform for primate reproductive biology, including possible applications to @entity1 .

title: Molecular signatures to define spermatogenic cells in XXXX ( @entity7533 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity7533 :: ('9483', 'Species') :: ['common marmoset', 'Callithrix jacchus']

answer: @entity7533 :: (9483,Species) :: ['common marmoset']


abstract: On April 21, 2009, CDC reported that two recent cases of febrile respiratory illness in @entity1 in southern @entity7452 had been caused by @entity281 with genetically similar @entity1707 @entity683 . The viruses contained a unique combination of gene segments that had not been reported previously among @entity1707 or @entity1 influenza viruses in the United States or elsewhere. Neither @entity1 had known contact with @entity1707 , resulting in concern that @entity1 -to- @entity1 transmission might have occurred. The seasonal influenza vaccine H1N1 strain is thought to be unlikely to provide protection. This report updates the status of the ongoing investigation and provides preliminary details about six additional @entity1 infected by the same strain of @entity1707 @entity683 (H1N1) virus identified in the previous cases, as of April 24. The six additional cases were reported in San Diego County, @entity7452 (three cases), Imperial County, @entity7452 (one case), and Guadalupe County, Texas (two cases). CDC, the @entity7452 Department of Public Health, and the Texas Department of Health and @entity1 Services are conducting case investigations, monitoring for illness in contacts of the eight @entity1 , and enhancing surveillance to determine the extent of spread of the virus. CDC continues to recommend that any @entity683 viruses that cannot be subtyped be sent promptly for testing to CDC. In addition, @entity1707 @entity683 of the same strain as those in the U.S. @entity1 have been confirmed by CDC among specimens from @entity1 in Mexico. Clinicians should consider @entity1707 influenza as well as seasonal influenza virus infections in the differential diagnosis for @entity1 who have febrile respiratory illness and who 1) live in San Diego and Imperial counties, @entity7452 , or Guadalupe County, Texas, or traveled to these counties or 2) who traveled recently to Mexico or were in contact with @entity1 who had febrile respiratory illness and were in one of the three U.S. counties or Mexico during the 7 days preceding their illness onset.

title: Update: @entity1707 @entity683 (H1N1) infections-- XXXX and Texas, April 2009.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients', 'Human', 'child', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity7452 :: ('MESH:D004670', 'Disease') :: ['California']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A', 'influenza A (H1N1) viruses']

answer: @entity7452 :: (MESH:D004670,Disease) :: ['California']


abstract: PURPOSE: In many types of @entity5 , certain morphometric characteristic of @entity5 cells correlate with @entity1 survival. Our observations suggested that the survival of @entity1 with @entity14 is negatively correlated with @entity5 -cell nucleus size. METHODS: We investigated relationships between postsurgery survival and nucleus morphometrics in 90 @entity1 who had undergone resection for a @entity14 . The nucleus-size variables considered were maximum diameter, minimum diameter, perimeter, area, and form factor (means for 100 nuclei from each @entity1 were used in all cases). RESULTS: Our results confirmed that @entity1 with large maximum nucleus diameter (where large = greater than the first quartile) have significantly worse survival than @entity1 with smaller maximum nucleus diameter (mean survival, 28 vs. 43 months). Similar results were obtained for the other nucleus-size variables. Stepwise Cox regression analysis was then performed, with postsurgery survival time as the dependent variable and the following candidate independent variables: age, gender, Dukes class, degree of histologic differentiation, the various nucleus-size variables, and relative frequencies of different nucleus shapes (spherical, oval, cylindrical, fusiform, and irregular). The variables selected for the prognostic model were Dukes class, relative frequency of irregular nuclei, and maximum nucleus diameter. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicated that nucleus size and shape are useful predictors of survival. Even if Dukes class is known, consideration of nucleus size and shape significantly improves prediction of survival.

title: Prognostic value of nuclear morphometry in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumor', 'colorectal carcinomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Historical studies of lymphatic drainage of the breast have suggested that the lymphatic drainage of the breast was to lymph nodes lying in the antero-pectoral group of nodes in the axilla just lateral to the pectoral muscles. The purpose of this study was to confirm this is not correct. METHODS: The hybrid imaging method of SPECT/CT allows the exact anatomical position of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) in the axilla to be documented during pre-operative lymphoscintigraphy (LS) in @entity1 with @entity0 . We have done this in a series of 741 @entity1 . The Level I axillary nodes were defined as anterior, mid or posterior. This was related to the anatomical location of the primary @entity5 in the breast. RESULTS: A SLN was found in the axilla in 97.8% of our @entity1 . Just under 50% of SLNs located in the axilla were not in the anterior group and lay in the mid or posterior group of Level I axillary nodes. There was a SLN in a single node field in 460 @entity1 (63%), two node fields in 261(36%), three node fields in 6 and four node fields in 1 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Axillary lymphatic drainage from the breast is not exclusively to the anterior (or antero-pectoral) group of Level I nodes. SYNOPSIS: SPECT/CT lymphoscintigraphy shows that the breast does not always drain to the anterior group of Level I lymph nodes in the axilla but may drain to the mid axilla and/or posterior group in about 50% of @entity1 with @entity0 regardless of the location of the @entity5 in the breast. These data redefine lymph drainage from the breast to axillary lymph nodes.

title: SPECT/CT scans allow precise anatomical location of sentinel lymph nodes in @entity0 and redefine lymphatic drainage from the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast to the axilla']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In any animal model of @entity1 disease a positive control therapy that demonstrates efficacy in both the animal model and the @entity1 disease can validate the application of that animal model to the discovery of new therapeutics. Such a therapy has recently been reported by Fornai et al. using chronic @entity3486 treatment and showing therapeutic efficacy in both the high-copy SOD1G93A @entity19 model of @entity7104 ( @entity746 ), and in @entity1 @entity746 @entity1 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Seeking to verify this positive control therapy, we tested chronic @entity1091 dosing in a sibling-matched, gender balanced, investigator-blinded trial using the high-copy (average 23 copies) SOD1G93A @entity19 (n = 27-28/group). @entity1091 -treated @entity19 received single daily 36.9 mg/kg i.p. injections from 50 days of age through @entity204 . This dose delivered 1 mEq/kg (6.94 mg/kg/day @entity1091 ions). @entity16 severity score and body weight were determined daily during the dosing period. Age at onset of @entity66 and survival duration were recorded. Summary measures from individual body weight changes and neurological score progression, age at disease onset, and age at @entity204 were compared using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards analysis. Our study did not show @entity1091 efficacy by any measure. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Rigorous survival study design that includes sibling matching, gender balancing, investigator blinding, and transgene copy number verification for each experimental subject minimized the likelihood of attaining a false positive therapeutic effect in this standard animal model of @entity7104 . Results from this study do not support taking @entity3486 into @entity1 clinical trials for @entity746 .

title: No benefit from chronic XXXX dosing in a sibling-matched, gender balanced, investigator-blinded trial using a standard @entity19 model of @entity7104 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['definitive disease']

entities_list: @entity3486 :: ('MESH:D016651', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity1091 :: ('MESH:D008094', 'Chemical') :: ['Lithium', 'lithium']

entities_list: @entity7104 :: ('MESH:C531617', 'Disease') :: ['familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis', 'familial ALS']

answer: @entity1091 :: (MESH:D008094,Chemical) :: ['lithium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stage IV @entity12290 is characterized by the presence of @entity14953 in the setting of a @entity85 which results from attenuation of the deltoid ligament. Correcting valgus tilt at the time of flatfoot reconstruction may prevent future collapse and the need for joint sacrificing procedures. The purpose of this study was to report the intermediate-term results of @entity1 who underwent deltoid ligament reconstruction using a peroneus longus tendon transfer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five @entity1 (mean age, 67 years    5.3 years) who underwent flatfoot reconstruction along with deltoid ligament reconstruction using a peroneus longus autograft were evaluated at a mean of 8.9    1.7 years after surgery. The FAOS, SF-36v2, and VAS surveys were administered. The correction of @entity14953 was determined with weightbearing radiographs of the ankle. Ankle range of motion along with standing hindfoot alignment was assessed. RESULTS: The postoperative average FAOS and SF-36v2 were 68.3 (range, 55.2 to 85.0) and 75.7 (range, 40 to 92), respectively. The @entity14953 improved from 7.7 degrees preoperatively to 2.1 degrees postoperatively. Mean ankle range of motion was 47 degrees (range, 40 degrees to 55 degrees). Mean hindfoot alignment was 4 degrees valgus (range, 1 degree varus to 8 degrees valgus). CONCLUSION: Deltoid ligament reconstruction using a peroneus longus tendon transfer was a useful technique for reducing tibiotalar tilt in the setting of stage IV @entity85 . Correction and function were maintained at intermediate-term followup.

title: Deltoid ligament reconstruction with peroneus longus autograft in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12290 :: ('MESH:D037081', 'Disease') :: ['posterior tibial tendon insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['flatfoot deformity']

entities_list: @entity14953 :: ('MESH:D060906', 'Disease') :: ['valgus talar tilt']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['flatfoot deformity']


abstract: <AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Hypoglycaemia is a serious adverse effect of antidiabetic drug therapy. We aimed to determine incidence rates of hypoglycaemia in type-2 diabetic @entity164 ent @entity6 e @entity1 edictors of hypoglycaemia when treatment is intensified. METHODS: DiaRegis is a prospective German registry that follows 3810 patients with ty @entity1 betes @entity164 rre @entity6 eatment intensification because of insufficient glycaemic control on one or two oral antidiabetic drugs. RESULTS: Out of a total of 3347 patients with da @entity1 able for the present analysis 473 (14.1%) presented any severity hypoglycaemia over a follow-up of 12 months. 0.4% were hospitalized (mean of 1.3  0.6 episodes), 0.1% needed medical assistance (1.0  0.0), 0.8% needed any help (1.1  0.5) and 10.1% no help (3.4  3.7), and 8.0% had no specific symptoms (3.6  3.5). Patients with in @entity1 ypoglycaemia had longer diabetes @entity6 nd a more frequent smoking history; more had co-morbid disease conditions such as coronary artery @entity453 erial disease @entity455 art failure, p @entity712 ro @entity1897 op @entity6 relevant depression at ba @entity308 ltivariable adjusted positive predictors of incident hypoglycaemia over the follow-up were prior anamnestic hypoglycaemia, retinopathy, dep @entity989 su @entity308 d blood glucose self-mea @entity413 t, but not sulfonylurea use @entity4136 ly reported for anamnestic or recalled hypogylcaemia. On the contrary, glitazones, DPP- @entity12721 rs @entity5735 GLP-1 analogues @entity6757 associated with a reduced risk of hypoglycaemia. CONCLUSIONS: Hypoglycaemia is a frequent adverse effect in ambulatory patients when antidiabetic treatment is intensified. Particular attention is warranted in patients with pr @entity1 odes of hypoglycaemia, microvascular di @entity66 athy and @entity989 receivi @entity1 in. On the other hand glitazones, DPP- @entity12721 rs @entity5735 GLP-1 analogues @entity6757 ssociated with a reduced risk.

title: Incidence and predictors of hypoglycaemia in @entity164 2 XXXX - an analysis of the prospective DiaRegis registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['longer diabetes duration', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity4136 :: ('CHEBI:26831', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity12721 :: ('MESH:D045162', 'Chemical') :: ['glitazones']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Despite major improvements in health care, @entity810 is still one of the main prognostic factors in terms of @entity1 mortality and long-term morbidity. This cohort prospective study to evaluate the patterns and outcomes of @entity177 in Qatar was performed between January and June 2005. Of the 213 @entity1 followed prospectively from referral to the end of their hospitalization, 66.7% were males and 33.3% females. Their overall mean age was 60 years; the majority were referred from critical care units. Comorbidity was present in 87% of all @entity1 . Volume depletion, @entity551 , and @entity295 were the main predisposing factors for @entity177 . Eighty three @entity1 (39%) needed renal replacement treatment and 130 (61%) were treated conservatively. The majority of critical care @entity1 needed dialysis. Overall mortality was 23.9%, 7% needed chronic dialysis, and 69.1% were discharged with normal or mild @entity8 . This study showed that @entity810 was a major factor affecting @entity1 mortality in Qatar. Early treatment of predisposing factors may improve overall @entity1 outcomes.

title: XXXX in the State of Qatar: presentation and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['Acute renal failure']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. PURPOSE: We evaluated the results of the use of anterior debridement and interbody fusion followed by posterior spinal instrumentation. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: An early diagnosis of @entity1511 is difficult to obtain. The disease can be treated with various surgical methods (such as anterior debridement and bone graft, anterior instrumentation, and posterior instrumentation). METHODS: This study included 20 @entity1 who received anterior debridement and interbody fusion with strut bone graft followed by posterior spinal fusion for @entity1511 between 1996 and 2005. We analyzed the culture studies, the correction of the kyphotic angle, blood chemistry, the bony union period, and the amount of symptom relief. RESULTS: In terms of clinical symptoms relief, eight @entity1 were grouped as "excellent", eleven @entity1 as "good", and one @entity1 as "fair". The vertebral body cultures were positive in 14 @entity1 showing coagulase (-) streptococcus and @entity794 . The average times for normalization of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and @entity1851 level were 3.3 and 1.9 months, respectively. Four months was required for bony union. For complications, @entity19140 paresthetica was found in two cases. CONCLUSIONS: Due to early ambulation and the correction of the kyphotic angle, anterior interbody fusion with strut bone graft and posterior instrumentation could be another favorable method for the treatment of @entity281 .

title: Anterior debridement and strut graft with pedicle screw fixation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['pyogenic spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['pyogenic spondyulitis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1511 :: (MESH:D013166,Disease) :: ['pyogenic spondylitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether adjuvant simple hysterectomy after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) improves progression-free survival (PFS) compared with current standard care in locally advanced cervical @entity420 (LACAC). METHODS: We reviewed a cohort of 55 @entity1 with LACAC (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO] stage @entity3847 , IIA2, IIB, III without distant @entity3 ) diagnosed and treated with radical CCRT at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2004 and October 2014. We compared 34 @entity1 who underwent adjuvant extrafascial hysterectomy with 21 @entity1 with standard care after CCRT. The primary outcome was PFS. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) between the two groups were also compared. Surgery feasibility, operative complications, and pathologic features after radiation therapy were also analyzed. RESULTS: PFS was significantly improved in surgery group (log-rank p=0.0097; hazard ratio [HR], 0.3431; 95% CI, 0.152 to 0.772), as were @entity1349 (log-rank p=0.0419; HR, 0.3667; 95% CI, 0.139 to 0.964). Analysis of stage IIB demonstrates a similar result. There were no severe complications related to postradiation surgery in this series. The mean @entity190 was less in laparoscopic group than those in the open group (87 mL vs. 208 mL, p=0.036, Mann-Whitney U-test). Approximately 47% @entity1 (16/34) had pathologic residue @entity5 on hysterectomy specimens. About 94% @entity1 (32/34) got complete remission after adjuvant surgery. CONCLUSION: Adjuvant hysterectomy after CCRT improves survival outcome for @entity1 with LACAC compared with current standard care. Extrafascial hysterectomy is sufficient in @entity5 reduction and laparoscopic procedure may be more promising with lower @entity190 and expedite recovery.

title: Extrafascial hysterectomy after concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survivals']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of laparoscopic @entity348 ( @entity348 ) in mid and lower @entity5 following neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT). BACKGROUND: The laparoscopic approach for @entity694 has been widely accepted. A few studies have shown that there are advantages of laparoscopic over open @entity348 surgery for @entity5 . However, the role of laparoscopy has not been clearly defined specifically in cases following nCRT. METHODS: All @entity1 with @entity5 who underwent nCRT were identified; no operations for @entity189 were performed laparoscopically between 1997 and 2005. The laparoscopic cases were matched to open cases based on gender, procedure, age, and body mass index (BMI). The medical records were reviewed and short-term outcome was compared between these two groups. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 15 software. RESULTS: Between 2002 and 2008, 64 @entity1 were identified, including 32 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic surgery and 32 who had a laparotomy. There was no difference between the two groups based on gender, procedure, age, BMI or American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification. The procedures performed within each group included 8 abdominoperineal resections and 24 anterior resections, which included 20 colonic J-pouch-anal anastomoses and 4 straight coloanal anastomoses. In the laparoscopic group, 12 @entity1 underwent totally laparoscopic operations, 12 were either laparoscopic-assisted or hand-assisted procedures, and 8 were converted to laparotomy. The reasons for conversion included @entity548 , @entity130 , and difficult anatomy. There were no differences in comorbidities, @entity5 location, @entity5 size, @entity5 stage or radiation dose between the two groups. Operative time was longer in the laparoscopic group (267 + or - 76 versus 205 + or - 49 min, p < 0.001). Operative @entity190 , complication rate, and mortality rate were all similar between the two groups. However, the laparoscopic group benefited from shorter length of stay (6.1 + or - 2.4 versus 7.6 + or - 2.3 days, p = 0.012), earlier first bowel movement (1.9 + or - 1 versus 3.3 + or - 2.4 days, p = 0.006), and shorter time to regular diet (3.9 + or - 2.1 versus 5.8 + or - 2.5 days, p = 0.003). There was no difference in lymph node harvest (both positive node harvest and total lymph node harvest), distal margin or radial margin. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, laparoscopic @entity348 for mid and lower @entity5 is feasible and safe. @entity1 benefit from the short-term advantages of laparoscopy, including shorter length of hospital stay, time to tolerating a regular diet, and time to first bowel movement or stoma function. Although there were no short-term differences in oncologic parameters, the long-term oncologic outcome requires further investigation.

title: Short-term outcomes of laparoscopic XXXX following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancers', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TME', 'total mesorectal excision']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic injury']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['total mesorectal excision']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 13 @entity1 with @entity189 of salivary glands for improving the accuracy of diagnosis and treatment outcome. METHODS: Thirteen cases with @entity189 of the salivary glands in Xiangya Hospital from January 1992 to September 2010 were reviewed, including the clinical biological behavior, diagnosis,treatment and prognosis. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 included 6 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 , aged from 14 to 71 years (median 40 years).The @entity5 occurred predominantly in the parotid gland (53.8%).Among the 13 cases,7 were clinically misdiagnosed as @entity5 and 2 were misdiagnosed pathologically. All cases underwent operation. Two cases received surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy; five cases underwent surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy. 4(30.8%) had cervical lymph node @entity3 and 2 cases(15.4%) developed distant @entity3 . Follow-up time ranged from 3 months to 6 years. Six cases died of local recurrence or distal @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity189 of the salivary glands is a rare @entity5 . The diagnosis is depended on histology and immunohistochemistry. The @entity5 has a high rate of distant @entity3 and high rate of lymph node @entity3 in T3 to T4 cases. Radical surgery is the treatment of choice. Elective neck dissection should be considered in T3 to T4 cN0 cases. The effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy needs to be investigated.

title: [ XXXX of salivary glands: a clinical analysis of 13 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['myoepithelial carcinoma', 'Myoepithelial carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Myoepithelial carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Heterozygous mutations in @entity13263 , encoding the @entity13263 , have recently been identified in @entity17042 , an @entity302 with very early onset. In order to explore the phenotypic spectrum associated with @entity13263 mutations, we analyzed a cohort of @entity1 with unexplained early-onset @entity302 . METHODS: We collected and clinically characterized 106 @entity1 with early-onset @entity302 . Mutation analysis of the @entity13263 gene was done using sequence analysis of the exon and intron-exon boundaries and multiplex amplification quantification to detect copy number variations. RESULTS: We identified 4 truncating mutations and 2 microdeletions partially affecting @entity13263 in 6 of the 106 @entity1 . All mutations are predicted to abolish @entity13263 function and 5 mutations were proven to occur de novo. None of the mutation-carrying @entity1 had @entity17042 . One @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity739 at disease onset, while the initial phenotype of 5 further @entity1 did not fit into a specific @entity302 . Three of these @entity1 later evolved to @entity739 . All @entity1 had severe to profound @entity1032 , and @entity2055 or @entity910 movements were present in 5 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This study shows that mutations in @entity13263 are not limited to @entity1 with @entity17042 , but are also present in 10% (5/49) of @entity1 with an early-onset @entity302 that does not fit into either Ohtahara or @entity739 and rarely in typical @entity739 . @entity13263 mutational analysis should be considered in the diagnostic evaluation of this challenging group of @entity1 .

title: Clinical spectrum of early-onset XXXX associated with @entity13263 mutations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinetic']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['West syndrome']

entities_list: @entity17042 :: ('MESH:C567924', 'Disease') :: ['Ohtahara syndrome']

entities_list: @entity13263 :: ('6812', 'Gene') :: ['STXBP1', 'syntaxin binding protein 1']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic encephalopathies', 'epileptic encephalopathy', 'recognized epilepsy syndrome']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic encephalopathies']


abstract: During the past 10 years, we have treated 11 @entity1 who were admitted with acute @entity1576 due to @entity5651 . @entity1376 was examined in four @entity1 , one @entity1 suffered from @entity2743 and six @entity1 had @entity1374 . Four @entity1 required emergency intubation and in two cases we performed tracheostomy because of significant narrowing of @entity825 lumen. Diagnosis was made in most cases based on chest x-ray films, laryngoscopic examination, CT scans of the neck and @entity5651 fine needle aspiration biopsy. All @entity1 underwent mostly subtotal thyroidectomy with the standard cervicotomy approach. Five @entity1 required tracheostomy procedures after surgery, three because of local advanced @entity5 and two because of @entity1576 . In two cases @entity55 developed as a @entity260 . One @entity1 with advanced @entity5651 died. The @entity5651 with progress of @entity825 compression symptoms should be operated in elective surgery to avoid sudden life-threatening complications like severe @entity1353 . When the hoarseness is present the possibility of @entity5651 is particularly high. In our opinion @entity1 with suspected @entity1576 should be referred to the centres with special interest in thyroid surgery.

title: [Acute XXXX in the course of @entity1374 ].

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['Graves disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1376 :: ('MESH:C564546', 'Disease') :: ['Multinodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure', 'postoperative respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity5651 :: ('MESH:D006042', 'Disease') :: ['malignant goiter', 'goiter', 'goiters']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['malignant thyroid lesions']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory failure']


abstract: This study examines the prevalence of overweight and @entity28 and a panel of potential determinants among French youths and adults with an @entity717 ( @entity717 ). The sample used consisted of 1120 youths and adults with an @entity717 , from 5 to 28 years old, attending a French special education school. The results indicated that 19.8% of the @entity1 with an @entity717 are classified as overweight and 8.6% as @entity28 . Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that there are nearly three times more @entity1 / @entity1 classified as overweight than @entity1 / @entity1 . Additionally, they showed that there are nearly two times more @entity1 from southern France classified as overweight than from northern France, and that the risk of being classified as overweight significantly increases with seniority in the school. Next, the interaction effects observed indicated first that there are nearly two times more @entity1 / @entity1 on psychotropic medication classified as overweight than @entity1 / @entity1 not on psychotropic medication. Second, they revealed that the odds of being classified as overweight for @entity1 / @entity1 not on psychotropic medication are 47% lower than for @entity1 / @entity1 not on psychotropic medication. Third, they indicated that there are nearly two times more @entity1 / @entity1 from southern France classified as @entity28 than @entity1 / @entity1 from northern France. Fourth, they showed that the odds of being classified as @entity28 for @entity1 / @entity1 from northern France are 52% lower than for @entity1 / @entity1 from northern France. In conclusion, these results should be viewed as preliminary and need to be replicated since, to our knowledge, this study is the first one to examine this topic while simultaneously controlling for all of the potential determinants and relying on a sample of youths and adults.

title: The prevalence and determinants of overweight and @entity28 among French youths and adults with XXXX attending special education schools.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'girls', 'boys', 'men']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ID', 'intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'obese']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['intellectual disabilities']


abstract: DATA SOURCES: Studies were identified using searches with Medline, the Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. STUDY SELECTION: Studies were screened independently and were included if they evaluated the effect of one or more chewing gums containing at least one @entity8371 ( @entity8372 , @entity5121 , @entity2656 or @entity8374 ) on caries development, provided they supplied original data generated by means of a comparative design (experimental or observational) and were published in English. Studies were excluded if only an abstract was available or they described only the pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic properties of @entity8371 or did not include a no-treatment arm in the study. Randomised trial quality was assessed using the Jadad scale, and the US Preventive Services Task Force criteria to grade the internal validity of individual nonrandomised studies. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data were extracted independently with only the final outcomes of a study being recorded. It was decided that surface rather than tooth level data would be recorded. Incremental caries was converted to prevented fraction (PF; the proportional reduction in @entity1547 in experimental groups relative to control groups) for meta-analysis. The studies were grouped according to type of @entity8371 and a separate meta-analysis performed. Data were pooled using both a random and a fixed-effects model and heterogeneity assessed using I2. RESULTS: Of 231 articles identified 25 studies were initially selected with 19 being included in the review [six randomised controlled trials (RCT) of which four were @entity2686 , nine controlled clinical trials (CCT) and four cohort studies]. Two RCT had a Jadad score of three or higher. The mean preventive fraction for the four main gum types are shown in the table 1, results of all except the @entity5121 - @entity2656 blend were statistically significant. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings. CONCLUSIONS: Although research gaps exist, particularly on optimal dosing and relative @entity8371 efficacy, there is consistent evidence to support the use of @entity8372 - and @entity5121 -containing chewing gum as part of normal oral hygiene to prevent @entity1547 .

title: Consistent evidence to support the use of @entity8372 - and XXXX -containing chewing gum to prevent @entity1547 .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity5121 :: ('MESH:D013012', 'Chemical') :: ['sorbitol']

entities_list: @entity2686 :: ('MESH:D003027', 'Disease') :: ['cluster RCT']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['dental caries']

entities_list: @entity8374 :: ('MESH:C010745', 'Chemical') :: ['maltitol']

entities_list: @entity8371 :: ('CHEBI:26191', 'Chemical') :: ['polyols', 'polyol']

answer: @entity5121 :: (MESH:D013012,Chemical) :: ['sorbitol']


abstract: I-compounds are DNA modifications detected by 32P-postlabeling that increase with age in rodents without known carcinogen exposure. Diet type (natural ingredient versus purified) greatly influences patterns and levels of I-compounds. To test the hypothesis that I-compound formation is affected, also, by dietary macro- and micronutrients, effects of @entity1735 , protein, fat, vitamin, and mineral content on @entity35 liver and kidney I-compounds were determined. Female @entity35 were fed basic or modified AIN-76A purified diets for 3-6 months. @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) diet (50%, w/w) increased I-compound levels in liver but not kidney. High @entity1735 (HC) diet (78%) produced a significant increase in the polar as well as total I-compound levels in both tissues. High fat diets (20%) elicited significantly lower levels of liver I-compounds than HC, @entity2101 , and basic diets. There were few significant differences between high polyunsaturated (safflower oil) and saturated fat (lard) diet groups. No qualitative differences in I-compound profiles were observed in either tissue. In @entity35 fed basic diet supplemented with vitamins and/or minerals, increased @entity2221 content reduced the levels of polar I-compounds in liver. No extra diet-induced adducts were observed; all effects were of a quantitative nature. These data provide direct evidence that nutrients significantly influence I-compound levels and support the hypothesis that normal metabolism of nutrients leads to the production of small amounts of DNA-reactive electrophiles. These observations suggest a novel mechanism where nutrient composition of the diet may play a role in development of @entity5 and other adverse health effects.

title: Modulation of DNA modification (I-compound) levels in @entity35 liver and kidney by dietary XXXX , protein, fat, vitamin, and mineral content.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['High protein', 'HP']

entities_list: @entity2221 :: ('CHEBI:33229', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oral manifestations are frequently the initial signs of @entity3052 , prompting the @entity1 to consult the dentist first. The gingival tissue is one site commonly involved either by @entity2617 or by @entity1373 , causing @entity1283 . The @entity2617 may also be present without @entity1283 . Early recognition of clinical findings in the oral cavity leads to its timely diagnosis and management. Since biopsy is highly contraindicated, gingival fine needle aspiration cytology was performed to assess its diagnostic value in detecting @entity2617 in @entity3052 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty @entity1 of @entity3052 received clinical and gingival cytological examination. The cases were diagnosed based on bone marrow aspiration findings and classified according to the French-American-British criteria. The absence or presence of intraoral findings was recorded. Site for gingival fine needle aspiration cytology was selected. RESULTS: @entity2617 was found to be more common in @entity981 , while the characteristic oral findings were seen more commonly in @entity3052 . All the eight cases of @entity981 that were positive for @entity2617 showed no clinical evidence of @entity1283 . In terms of @entity2617 , L2 subtype was the only subtype involved, while M5 was more commonly involved than M4 subtype. Two cases of L2 subtype showed @entity1283 due to local factors like plaque/ @entity1608 rather than due to @entity2617 . CONCLUSION: The technique was found to be safe and of definitive diagnostic value in detecting @entity2617 in @entity3052 @entity1 .

title: A clinical and fine needle aspiration cytology study of gingiva in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['leukemic gingival infiltration', 'leukemic infiltration', 'Leukemic gingival infiltration', 'gingival infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['gingival enlargement']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory reactive hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloblastic leukemia', 'acute leukemia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the relationship between the presence of an enterocoele and grade of @entity3577 ( @entity3577 ). METHOD: Defaecating proctograms of consecutive @entity1 presenting to the Oxford Pelvic Floor Clinic between January 2004 and November 2008 were analysed. @entity1 were included if they had full thickness internal (grades 1-4 prolapse) or external @entity3577 (grade 5 prolapse). All those included were analysed with regards to the presence of an enterocoele. RESULTS: Three hundred and seventy-one @entity1 [322 (87%) @entity1 and 49 (23%) @entity1 ] were found to have a degree of @entity3577 . One out of eight (12.5%) @entity1 with grade 1 @entity3577 , 10/42 (18.5%) with grade 2 @entity3577 , 34/125 (27%) with grade 3 @entity3577 , 62/135 (46%) with grade 4 @entity3577 and 23/49 (47%) with grade 5 full thickness external @entity3577 had an enterocoele present. This was a statistically significant trend (Pearson chi(2) test P < 0.0002). There was a significantly higher proportion of enterocoeles in @entity1 [125/322 (39%) than in @entity1 (5/49 (10%)] (P < 0.0001) and a higher likelihood of having an enterocoele with advancing age (P < 0.0001). Within the study, there was no significant difference in the proportion of nulliparous and parous @entity1 with enterocoeles (P = 0.8); there were a significantly higher proportion of enterocoeles in hysterectomized @entity1 (P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: Enterocoele is increasingly seen with advancing @entity3577 severity. This suggests that the two findings are part of the same pelvic floor process. These data support the hypothesis that enterocoele is a marker of severe pelvic @entity425 . Enterocoele is seen more frequently in females particularly after hysterectomy.

title: Enterocoele is a marker of severe pelvic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['RP', 'rectal prolapse']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['floor weakness']

answer: @entity425 :: (MESH:D018908,Disease) :: ['floor weakness']


abstract: The main aim of this analysis was to characterize the population pharmacokinetics of native @entity526 asparaginase (ASNase medac) in pediatric @entity1 with previously untreated @entity981 . Secondary objective was to give further evidence for bioequivalence between ASNase medac and a new recombinant ASNase preparation. The authors reanalyzed 233 plasma samples from 16 @entity1 treated according to the DCOG-ALL 10 protocol (5000 U/m(2) ASNase medac) using NONMEM. Subsequently, assessment of bioequivalence was performed by including the preparation as a categorical covariate into the PopPK model when analyzing data of both preparations (480 samples, 32 @entity1 ). A linear 2-compartment model with first-order elimination sufficiently described ASNase medac pharmacokinetics. The parameters found were as follows: total body clearance 0.13 L/h    12.4% per 1.73 m(2), volume of distribution in the central compartment 4.11 L    12.3% per 70 kg, volume of distribution in the peripheral compartment 1.63 L per 70 kg and intercompartmental clearance 0.106 L/h (mean    interindividual variability). A visual predictive check procedure and simulation of different dosages ASNase medac administered in the ALL-BFM protocol indicated adequate model performance. Assessment of bioequivalence provided a difference of about 14% in clearance of both preparations being too small to be considered as clinically relevant. A population pharmacokinetic model of ASNase medac in pediatric @entity1 with previously untreated @entity981 was established. The model was able to describe asparaginase activity of different dosages in the ALL-BFM protocol and provides further evidence for bioequivalence between ASNase medac and a new recombinant asparaginase preparation.

title: Population pharmacokinetics of native XXXX asparaginase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term clinical outcomes in cT1c-T3a @entity263 @entity1 following delayed-combined @entity342 blockade therapy. METHODS: From January 2001 to December 2004, 92 cT1c-T3a @entity263 cases were enrolled. Medical castration and anti- @entity342 treatment were used sequentially as delayed-combined @entity342 blockade therapy. Time to @entity1486 biochemical failure was estimated, and risk factors for @entity1486 biochemical failure were evaluated. RESULTS: The average @entity1 age was 76.4 years (range, 59-91 years), the median observation period was 52.8 months (range, 26-106.6 months) and the median pre-treatment @entity1486 level was 14 ng/ml (range, 3.68-492 ng/ml). The TNM classification distribution was as follows: T1c, n= 27; T2a, n = 39; T2b, n = 20; and T3a, n = 6. In the multivariate analysis, Gleason's score >= 8 (P < 0.05; hazard ratio, 3.02), @entity1486 nadir >1.4 ng/ml (P = 0.001; hazard ratio, 8.76) and a half-life of the @entity1486 level >1.2 months (P < 0.005; hazard ratio, 6.3) during the initial 6 months of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist monotherapy were significant independent risk factors for @entity1486 biochemical failure with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist monotherapy. The high-risk group, which had at least one of these three risk factors, had a shorter time to @entity1486 biochemical failure than the low-risk group, during luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist monotherapy (P < 0.0001). For the total delayed-combined @entity342 blockade therapy observation period, the free- @entity1486 biochemical failure rate was 88.3% at 5 years. Only a maintenance period following luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist monotherapy (P < 0.005; hazard ratio, 16.8) was revealed to be a significant independent risk factor for @entity1486 biochemical failure with total delayed-combined @entity342 blockade. CONCLUSIONS: The free- @entity1486 biochemical failure rate of delayed-combined @entity342 blockade therapy in our study was as valuable as those in other @entity342 deprivation therapy of previous reports.

title: The long-term results with delayed-combined @entity342 blockade therapy in local or locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Assisted reproductive technologies allow to utilize a limited number of fully grown oocytes despite the presence in the ovary of a large pool of meiotically incompetent gametes potentially able to produce live births. In vitro folliculogenesis could be useful to recruit these oocytes by promoting their growth and differentiation. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In vitro folliculogenesis was performed starting from @entity742 preantral (PA) follicles to evaluate oocyte nuclear/epigenetic maturation. Chromatin configuration, quantification of global DNA methylation, and epigenetic remodelling enzymes were evaluated with immunocytochemistry, telomere elongation was assessed with the Q-FISH technique, while the DNA methylation status at the DMRs of maternally @entity28605 and @entity28606 , and paternally H19 methylated imprinted genes was determined by @entity9736 sequencing and COBRA. Specifically, 70% of PA underwent early antrum (EA) differentiation and supported in culture oocyte global DNA methylation, telomere elongation, @entity28607 and @entity28608 redistribution thus mimicking the physiological events that involve the oocyte during the transition from secondary to tertiary follicle. @entity28609 anticipated cytoplasmic translocation in in vitro grown oocytes did not impair global and single gene DNA methylation. Indeed, the in vitro grown oocytes acquired a methylation profile of @entity28605 and @entity28606 compatible with the follicle/oocyte stage reached, and maintained an unmethylated status of H19. In addition, the percentage of oocytes displaying a condensed chromatin configuration resulted lower in in vitro grown oocytes, however, their ability to undergo meiosis and early embryo development after IVF and parthenogenetic activation was similar to that recorded in EA follicle in vivo grown oocytes. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: In conclusion, the in vitro folliculogenesis was able to support the intracellular/nuclear mechanisms leading the oocytes to acquire a meiotic and developmental competence. Thus, the in vitro culture may increase the availability of fertilizable oocytes in @entity742 , and become an in vitro translational model to investigate the mechanisms governing nuclear/epigenetic oocyte maturation.

title: In vitro grown XXXX preantral follicles yield oocytes with normal nuclear-epigenetic maturation.

entities_list: @entity9736 :: ('MESH:C042345', 'Chemical') :: ['bisulfite']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: The fungal pathogen @entity5132 produces dark-pigmented melanin after 3 to 4 days of incubation in medium containing @entity3034 ( @entity3034 ) as a substrate. Expression profiling of @entity5132 revealed very few genes significantly up- or downregulated by growth in @entity3034 . We were unable to determine a possible role for melanin in the virulence of @entity5132 . However, we showed that melanin was externalized from the fungal cells in the form of electron-dense melanosomes that were free or often loosely bound to the cell wall exterior. Melanin production was boosted by the addition of @entity3954 to the medium, indicating a possible association between melanin production and chitin synthesis. Melanin externalization was blocked in a mutant specifically disrupted in the chitin synthase-encoding gene CHS2. Melanosomes remained within the outermost cell wall layers in chs3Delta and chs2Delta chs3Delta mutants but were fully externalized in chs8Delta and chs2Delta chs8Delta mutants. All the @entity13277 mutants synthesized dark pigment at equivalent rates from mixed membrane fractions in vitro, suggesting it was the form of chitin structure produced by the enzymes, not the enzymes themselves, that was involved in the melanin externalization process. Mutants with single and double disruptions of the chitinase genes CHT2 and CHT3 and the chitin pathway regulator ECM33 also showed impaired melanin externalization. We hypothesize that the chitin product of Chs3 forms a scaffold essential for normal externalization of melanosomes, while the Chs8 chitin product, probably produced in cell walls in greater quantity in the absence of CHS2, impedes externalization.

title: Melanin externalization in XXXX depends on cell wall chitin structures.

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity3034 :: ('MESH:D007980', 'Chemical') :: ['l-DOPA', 'l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity3954 :: ('CHEBI:28009', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylglucosamine']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: Undiagnosed chronic/recurrent @entity360 , as defined, is a severe problem to those afflicted, both physically and psychologically as well as socioeconomically. During the past nine years, 60 such @entity1 received aortography and panvisceral arteriography (that is, celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric arteriography) in a search for the lesions that may be responsible for the @entity548 . Results of angiography were "positive" in 26 @entity1 for a diagnostic yield of 43 per cent. Fifteen of the 26 @entity1 with positive angiographic findings demonstrated @entity2758 of the gastrointestinal tract. Two separate lesions were identified in three @entity1 . This series is compared with other published series of angiography for chronic @entity360 . One difference from the other series is the demonstration of three @entity1 with @entity2758 of the gastric antrum. The diagnostic angiographic features of this condition are presented, along with the interestng finding of   tat mammelonn   in two of the three @entity1 . Another difference from the other series is the demonstration of four @entity2758 involving the left side of the colon, whereas other series report none in this location. One possible explanation for this descrepancy is our routine use of inferior mesenteric arteriography in all cases of chronic @entity360 . Ten @entity2758 of the colon are reported along with a review of the angiographic diagnostic features in this condition. The precise incidence of false-positive and false-negative diagnoses is unknown since surgery was not performed on all @entity1 . However, each @entity1 studied represented a total failure, by traditional diagnostic studies, to determine the cause of @entity548 . The incidence of positive findings with angiography (43 per cent) in @entity1 with undiagnosed chronic/recurrent @entity360 is sufficient to encourage the continued use of panvisceral arteriography in this condition.

title: Angiography in chronic/recurrent XXXX : a nine year study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation', 'arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an effective therapy for pharmacoresistant @entity302 . Nevertheless, information regarding the long-term outcome of VNS in @entity1 is limited. AIM: To describe the long-term outcome of VNS in @entity1 with pharmacoresistant @entity302 treated at the Gazi University Medical Faculty @entity302 Center, @entity233 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included 24 @entity1 - all younger than 18 years of age (mean age: 14.31 years). Median age at the time of VNS device implantation was 11 years. Median age at onset of @entity302 was 21 months and median duration of @entity302 was 126 months. All the @entity1 ' @entity410 were intractable with antiepileptic drug treatment and all had been treated with an average of 6+/-2 antiepileptic medications. In all, 12 @entity1 had secondary generalized @entity410 and 12 had partial @entity410 . Because this was a retrospective open study, the number of @entity410 could not be enumerated in most of these cases. RESULTS: The only factor that was associated with @entity410 reduction was duration of follow-up. Age at @entity410 onset and age at VNS device implantation were not associated with @entity410 reduction. The difference in @entity410 reduction between @entity1 >12 years of age and @entity1 <12 years of age was not significant. Mean percentage of @entity410 reduction after 6 months-7 years of treatment was, respectively, 22.5% (n=24) (6th month), 32% (n=20) (1st year), 42% (n=16) (2nd year), 50.45% (n=11) (3rd year), 52% (n=10) (4th year), 60% (n=8) (5th year), 61.25% (n=8) (6th year), and 61.6% (n=6) (7th year). The positive effect of VNS persisted throughout the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Although it is an expensive method, VNS is an effective treatment method. This series shows the necessity of long-term follow-up series for understanding the efficacy and advantages of VNS. Prospective, long-term double-blind studies with large samples are needed to confirm the present study's findings.

title: The efficacy of vagal nerve stimulation in @entity1 with pharmacoresistant XXXX : practical experience at a Turkish tertiary referral center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: In this study, effects of @entity17567 (H1-receptor blocker), @entity5616 (H2-receptor blocker), @entity1286 (an opioid agonist) and @entity1510 (an opioid antagonist) in separate and combined treatments were investigated on the visceral nociception in @entity35 . @entity3825 was induced by intraperitoneal injection of @entity1543 (1 mL, 1%). The latency time to the beginning of the first abdominal wall contraction (first writhe) was measured and the numbers of writhes were counted for 1 h after @entity1543 injection. Intraperitoneal injections of @entity17567 and @entity5616 significantly (p < 0.05) increased the latency time to the beginning of the first writhe and also significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the numbers of writhes. The same results were obtained after subcutaneous injection of @entity1286 . Subcutaneous injection of @entity1510 did not change the intensity of visceral nociception, but significantly (p < 0.05) prevented the @entity1286 -induced antinociception. Intraperitoneal injection of @entity17567 significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the @entity1286 -induced @entity1337 , but did not reverse the effect of @entity1510 on nociceptive responses. Intraperitoneal injection of @entity5616 , with no effect on the @entity1286 -induced antinociception, significantly (p < 0.05) reversed the effect of @entity1510 on @entity158 responses. These results suggest that both @entity17567 and @entity5616 exert antinociceptive effect in the visceral nociception. In addition, @entity1286 through a @entity1510 -dependent mechanism produces visceral antinociception. Moreover, the endogenous opioid system may participate in the @entity17567 - but not in the @entity5616 -induced antinociception.

title: Effects of XXXX and @entity5616 on the visceral nociception induced by @entity1543 in @entity35 : role of opioid system.

entities_list: @entity3825 :: ('MESH:D059265', 'Disease') :: ['Visceral nociception']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity17567 :: ('MESH:D002744', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpheniramine']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity17567 :: (MESH:D002744,Chemical) :: ['chlorpheniramine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The present study examines @entity13414 ( @entity13414 ) exposure and the beliefs youth have about being exposed to @entity13414 in their home and in cars and explores changes in exposure and beliefs over time. METHODS: Nationally representative data from the 2006 Youth Smoking Survey (YSS) were used to examine youth exposure to smoking and beliefs about smoking in the home and car among 71,003 @entity27868 in grades 5-12. Gender-specific logistic regression models were conducted to examine if being exposed to smoking at home or in the car were associated with the beliefs youth have about either smoking around kids at home or smoking around kids in cars. RESULTS: In 2006, 22.1% of youth in grades 5-12 were exposed to smoking in their home on a daily or almost daily basis and 28.1% were exposed to smoking while riding in a car at least once in the previous week. The majority of youth reported that they do not think smoking should be allowed around kids at home (88.3%) or in cars (88.4%). Youth exposed to smoking in the home or in cars reported missing substantially more days of school in the previous month because of their health. Among both male and female youth, being an ever smoker, living in a house where someone smokes inside daily, and having ridden in a car with someone who was smoking cigarettes in the past seven days were all associated with being more likely to report that smoking should not be allowed around kids at home or in cars. Compared to their male counterparts, female youth with at least one parent who smokes were more likely to report that smoking should not be allowed around kids at home or in cars. As rates of @entity13414 exposure in the home and car decreased between 2004 and 2006, the prevalence of youth who reported that they do not think smoking should be allowed around kids at home or in cars also decreased over the same period of time. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight that @entity27868 are frequently exposed to @entity13414 in their homes and in cars despite the fact that the vast majority of youth do not think smoking should be allowed around kids in those locations. Considering the health and social consequences associated with @entity13414 exposure, it may be a timely opportunity to move forward with programs and policies designed to prevent individuals from smoking around youth in these locations.

title: Second-hand smoke exposure in homes and in cars among XXXX : current prevalence, beliefs about exposure, and changes between 2004 and 2006.

entities_list: @entity27868 :: ('MESH:C537004', 'Disease') :: ['Canadian youth']

entities_list: @entity13414 :: ('MESH:C536784', 'Disease') :: ['SHS', 'second-hand smoke']

answer: @entity27868 :: (MESH:C537004,Disease) :: ['Canadian youth']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study presents our experience with the Ponseti method of manipulation and casting followed by Achilles tenotomy (AT) in @entity1 with @entity8482 ( @entity8482 ). METHODS: Five @entity1 (ten feet) were followed for at least 24 months after the AT and are the cohort for this study. Their mean age at follow-up was 38.4 months (26 to 48 months), and the average follow-up period was 35.8 months (24-44 months). Treatment was begun within the first months of life. The AT to correct rigid equinus was performed at a mean of 14.4 weeks of life, after 7-10 cast changes (mean 8.4). Clinical criteria by Niki et al. and standard standing AP and lateral radiographs were analyzed for final evaluation. Efficacy of Ponseti casting and AT tenotomy was assessed according to the amount and continuance of the achieved correction. RESULTS: Seven feet had clinically satisfactory results. Among the three unsatisfactory feet, there were two (one @entity1 ) with rocker-bottom pseudocorrections after repeated bilateral AT and one recurrent clubfoot (one @entity1 ). Six feet required soft tissue releases at 3, 12 and 21 months after the AT due to recurrence of moderate equinus and adductus. Three feet (two @entity1 ) underwent repeat AT at 10 and 15 months after the primary procedure. The mean interval between initial AT and redo surgical procedures was 11.8 months (range 3-21 months). Two feet (20%) remained without significant @entity85 after AT. CONCLUSION: Clubfoot in @entity8482 responds initially to the Ponseti method of casting, and @entity85 may be corrected or diminished. In some @entity1 , more extensive surgical treatment can be avoided and in others, delayed. Despite the need for additional surgical intervention, the Ponseti method of casting and AT does seem to be an alternative for initial treatment in @entity1 with @entity8482 .

title: Short-term experience with Ponseti casting and the Achilles tenotomy method for clubfeet treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity8482 :: ('MESH:D001176', 'Disease') :: ['arthrogryposis multiplex congenita', 'AMC']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

answer: @entity8482 :: (MESH:D001176,Disease) :: ['arthrogryposis multiplex congenita']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity72 ( @entity72 ) are characterised by abnormalities in social interaction and communication skills, as well as stereotypic behaviours and restricted activities and interests. Selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are prescribed for the treatment of co-morbidity associated with @entity72 such as @entity308 , @entity148 and @entity3119 . OBJECTIVES: To determine if treatment with an SSRI: 1. improves the core features of @entity2438 (social interaction, communication and behavioural problems); 2. improves other non-core aspects of behaviour or function such as self-injurious behaviour; 3. improves the quality of life of @entity1 and their carers; 4. has short and long term effects on outcome; 5. causes harms. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2009, Issue 4), MEDLINE ( December 2009), EMBASE (December 2009), CINAHL (December 2009), PsycINFO (December 2009) and ERIC (December 2009), without language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of any dose of oral SSRI compared with placebo, in @entity1 with @entity72 . Trials must have included at least one standardised outcome measure. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently selected and appraised studies for inclusion and risk of bias. All data were continuous. Meta-analysis, where possible, used a random-effects model. MAIN RESULTS: Seven RCTs with a total of 271 @entity1 were included. Four SSRIs were evaluated: @entity905 (two studies), @entity3755 (two studies), @entity4899 (two studies) and @entity837 (one study). Five studies included only @entity1 and two studies included only adults. Varying inclusion criteria were used with regard to diagnostic criteria and intelligence of @entity1 . Seventeen different outcome measures were reported. Although more than one study reported data for Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ), different tool types or components of these outcomes were used in each study. As such, data were unsuitable for meta-analysis. One large, high quality study in @entity1 showed no evidence of positive effect of @entity837 . Two small studies in adults showed positive outcomes for CGI and @entity3119 ; one study showed improvements in @entity146 and another in @entity148 . AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence of effect of SSRIs in @entity1 and emerging evidence of harm. There is limited evidence of the effectiveness of SSRIs in adults from small studies in which risk of bias is unclear.

title: Selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for @entity72 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity4899 :: ('MESH:D005277', 'Chemical') :: ['fenfluramine']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression']

entities_list: @entity3755 :: ('MESH:D016666', 'Chemical') :: ['fluvoxamine']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'Autism spectrum disorders', 'autism spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['OCB', 'obsessive-compulsive behaviours', 'obsessive-compulsive behaviour']

answer: @entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['ASD']