abstract: Intraoperative intraarterial fibrinolytic therapy (IIFT) was employed in 28 @entity1 with @entity63 . In 17 @entity1 , significant residual @entity291 @entity715 was demonstrated by completion arteriography after standard balloon catheter thromboembolectomy, whereas in 11, pretreatment arteriography was not obtained. With the @entity1 systemically heparinized, a bolus of fibrinolytic agent was instilled into the distal vessels below an inflow occlusion clamp. Among the 17 @entity1 under angiographic control, arteriography was repeated after 30 minutes and a second bolus was injected if significant residual @entity715 was still present. Successful lysis was achieved in 88% of these 17 limbs and streptokinase (SK) and urokinase (UK) were equally effective. The dosage of SK varied between 50,000 and 150,000 units (seven @entity1 ) and of UK between 35,000 and 150,000 units (21 patients). Serum fibrinogen levels declined significantly after IIFT (t test; p less than 0.05), but the average level remained within the normal range. Major bleeding developed in two @entity1 , both of whom received SK and underwent a concomitant major abdominal vascular procedure, with a severe fall in fibrinogen values to 10 and 17 mg/dl. A minor groin @entity1410 occurred in one @entity1 treated with UK. There was a significant difference in the incidence of bleeding between SK (2/7) and UK (1/21) (chi 2; p less than 0.05). @entity2054 developed in six limbs (21%). Amputation was required in two @entity1 (7%). There was no correlation between prolongation of @entity63 time as a result of IIFT and the incidence of @entity2054 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Fibrinolytic treatment of residual @entity715 after catheter embolectomy for severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acute limb ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['compartment syndrome', 'Compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['lower limb ischemia']


abstract: Alginate overproduction by @entity796 , also known as mucoidy, is associated with @entity281 in @entity1577 . Alginate biosynthesis is initiated by the extracytoplasmic function sigma factor (  (22); AlgU/AlgT). In the wild-type (wt) nonmucoid strains, such as @entity19118 , AlgU is sequestered to the cytoplasmic membrane by the anti-sigma factor MucA that inhibits alginate production. One mechanism underlying the conversion to mucoidy is mutation of mucA. However, the mucoid conversion can occur in wt mucA strains via the degradation of MucA by activated intramembrane proteases AlgW and/or MucP. Previously, we reported that the deletion of the sensor kinase KinB in @entity19118 induces an AlgW-dependent proteolysis of MucA, resulting in alginate overproduction. This type of mucoid induction requires the alternate sigma factor RpoN (  (54)). To determine the RpoN-dependent KinB regulon, microarray and proteomic analyses were performed on a mucoid kinB mutant and an isogenic nonmucoid kinB rpoN double mutant. In the kinB mutant of @entity19118 , RpoN controlled the expression of approximately 20% of the genome. In addition to alginate biosynthetic and regulatory genes, KinB and RpoN also control a large number of genes including those involved in @entity1735 metabolism, quorum sensing, @entity68 regulation, rhamnolipid production, and motility. In an @entity697 @entity19 @entity281 model, BALB/c @entity19 exhibited increased survival when challenged with the kinB mutant relative to survival with @entity19118 challenge. Together, these data strongly suggest that KinB regulates virulence factors important for the development of @entity697 and conversion to mucoidy.

title: Analysis of the XXXX regulon controlled by the sensor kinase KinB and sigma factor RpoN.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'chronic endobronchial infections']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: Non-deprived @entity35 were familiarized with a highly palatable diet until baseline consumption in a 60-min daily access period had stabilised. The @entity1245 receptor agonist @entity1363 (1.25-10.0 mg/kg, IP) produced a large, dose-related increase in food consumption during the first 30 min of access. It also produced significant, short-term @entity7298 in animals which had been partially pre-satiated on the diet before drug administration, an effect which was reversible by the @entity1245 receptor antagonist @entity5757 . Administered alone, @entity5757 (1.25-10.0 mg/kg, IP) had no intrinsic activity in the food consumption test. In contrast, @entity17996 (2.5-40.0 mg/kg, IP) produced a marked dose-related suppression of food intake. This anorectic effect was shared by two @entity1245 receptor inverse agonists, @entity12453 and @entity25528 , which also produced dose-dependent reductions in consumption. The effects on feeding produced by @entity12453 (20 mg/kg, IP) and @entity25528 (1.25 mg/kg, IP) were reversed by either @entity5757 (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) or @entity1363 (5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg). A matched anorectic effect produced by @entity17996 (40 mg/kg) was not, however, reversed by either @entity5757 or @entity1363 . This suggests that at a high dose @entity17996 may act by a mechanism different from that of the two inverse agonists. The feeding test described in the report proved sensitive to both hyperphagic and anorectic effects of drugs active at @entity1245 receptors, pointing to a possible bi-directional control of palatable food consumption.

title: @entity1245 receptor ligands and the consumption of a highly palatable diet in non-deprived male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphagia']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present the use of high dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation as salvage therapy for advanced @entity978 in Australia. DESIGN: A prospective open study for @entity1 whose disease was resistant to conventional treatment. SETTING: The bone marrow transplantation units of four Australian tertiary hospitals. @entity1 : Seventeen @entity1 (median age 30 years) entered and completed the study. The stage of the disease at initial diagnosis was I or II (seven @entity1 ), III (seven @entity1 ) and IV (three @entity1 ). Histological types were lymphocyte predominant (one), @entity4383 (12), mixed cellularity (three) and unknown (one). Therapy before consideration for transplantation included radiotherapy (13), @entity3700 , @entity1891 , @entity4174 and @entity229 (MOPP--17 @entity1 ) or @entity632 , @entity1732 , @entity5713 and @entity2699 (ABVD--13 @entity1 ) and other chemotherapy regimens (five). The median interval from diagnosis to transplantation was 29 months (range, 9-178 months). The @entity1 's disease was classified as sensitive (nine) or resistant (eight) to treatment, depending on the response to the most recent course of chemotherapy. INTERVENTIONS: Morphologically normal autologous bone marrow was harvested and cryopreserved. The conditioning regimen given was @entity786 , @entity3600 and @entity2879 (14) or @entity1863 and @entity786 (three). The marrow was then infused. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Remission (complete or partial), disease-free survival and overall survival. RESULTS: Over all, 10 of 17 @entity1 (59%) entered or remained in complete remission and four of 17 (24%) achieved partial remission. The overall actuarial survival at 30 months was 70%. Eight of the nine @entity1 with @entity66 (89%) remain disease-free at a median of 22 months (range, 18-29 months) after transplantation. Two of the eight @entity1 with resistant disease (25%) are disease-free at 20 and 28 months. There was one procedure-related death from @entity548 and four disease-related @entity204 at six, seven, eight and 13 months after transplantation. CONCLUSION: Autologous bone marrow transplantation may provide an effective salvage therapy in advanced @entity978 , particularly for @entity1 with @entity66 and a low @entity5 burden.

title: High dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['treatment-sensitive disease']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulphan']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['nodular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lower @entity360 after left colectomy is an uncommon complication that can lead to critical situation. Diagnostic and therapeutic manoeuvres should be performed in emergency with step-by-step strategy in order to avoid reoperation. This study aims to identify @entity548 risks factors and describe a management strategy. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of @entity1 who underwent left colectomy with primary @entity254 , from May 2004 to December 2013. We studied their demographic characteristics, surgical procedures and postoperative courses, more specifically hemorrhagic complications, management of @entity548 and outcomes. RESULTS: Hemorrhagic @entity834 complication occurred in 47 of the 729 (6.4  %) @entity1 after left colectomy. Neither anticoagulant nor antiaggregant treatment was associated with @entity86 . Among the 47 @entity1 with @entity548 , endoscopy was performed in 37 (78.7  %). At the time of endoscopy, the @entity548 was spontaneously stopped in nine (24.3  %). Therapeutic strategy used clips in 10 (27.0  %) cases, @entity33 in 11 (29.7  %) and both in 7 (18.9  %) cases. Four (8.5  %) @entity1 required blood transfusion for treatment of this @entity360 . Five (10.6  %) @entity1 with @entity548 were reoperated in this group because early endoscopy showed associated @entity834 . Based on a multivariate analysis, stapled @entity254 and @entity66 were independent factors associated with @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative @entity548 is not so uncommon after left colectomy. This complication should be particularly dreaded in @entity1 who underwent stapled colorectal @entity254 for @entity66 . With the use of clip or @entity33 , early endoscopy is a safe and efficient treatment.

title: Management of XXXX after laparoscopic left colectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic', 'anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'anastomotic bleeding']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative bleeding']


abstract: A 2-month study was carried out to compare the efficacy and safety of Berodual (B) (Boehringer Ingelheim) and @entity3045 (S) in @entity565 . B is a combined agent with 20 micrograms of @entity13265 and 50 micrograms of @entity7284 in each metered aerosol puff. Each puff of S contained 100 micrograms of drug. 196 @entity1 were included in the study and received 4 x 2 puffs a day of either B or S. FEV1 and FVC were measured every month, and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) 4 times a day, i.e. morning and evening before and after administration of drug. Improvement of PEFR was the same in the two groups. No tachyphylaxis occurred. No difference was observed between the two drugs with regard to heart and respiratory rate, @entity1353 and blood pressure. @entity400 seemed less frequent with B but this difference was not statistically significant. B achieved the same effects as S though containing less @entity2263 -agonist agent.

title: Comparison of Berodual and XXXX in @entity565 : a multicenter evaluation.

entities_list: @entity7284 :: ('MESH:D005280', 'Chemical') :: ['fenoterol']

entities_list: @entity13265 :: ('MESH:D009241', 'Chemical') :: ['ipratropium bromide']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

answer: @entity3045 :: (MESH:D000420,Chemical) :: ['salbutamol']


abstract: @entity6962 are rare, malignant, biphasic @entity5 simultaneously comprising @entity189 and @entity242 in a @entity5 . We present an extremely rare case of @entity356 with an osteoblastic component that drastically changed its shape within 2 mo. A 59-year-old male @entity1 presented to the emergency outpatient unit with a @entity234 . Gastrointestinal endoscopy showed an ulcerated mass in the cardia of the lesser curvature of the stomach. Biopsy specimens revealed only @entity420 . Two months later, the @entity1066 drastically changed its shape into an exophytic @entity5 . Total gastrectomy was performed. In the resected specimen, the @entity356 contained both @entity420 and @entity242 components with lace-like osteoid. The @entity1 died 7 mo after the operation, and an autopsy was performed. In the autopsy, widespread metastases were present in the liver, lung, lymph nodes and peritoneum. In this report, we describe a case of @entity356 and presume its tumorigenesis based on the autopsy findings.

title: XXXX with osteoblastic component: an autopsy case report.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'single tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerated lesion']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['complaint of black stool']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric tumor', 'gastric carcinosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinosarcomas']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Rapidly deforming gastric carcinosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) are widely used for @entity1 @entity2319 screening, but have not been reported for clinical use in @entity235 . HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To investigate the feasibility of TEOAE testing in conscious puppies and the ability of TEOAE testing to correctly identify deaf and hearing ears, as defined by brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER). ANIMALS: Forty puppies from 10 litters. METHODS: Prospective study on puppies presented for hearing assessment as part of a @entity2319 BAER screening program. Hearing status was determined using BAER. TEOAE testing was performed after the BAER assessment and the results of the TEOAE testing were compared with the hearing status for each ear. Parameters were tested for normality using the D'Agostino Pearson test and comparisons between the deaf and hearing ears were made using Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS: TEOAE testing was readily performed in puppies presented for @entity2319 screening. Using analysis parameters based on those used in @entity1 neonatal hearing screening, TEOAE testing correctly identified all deaf ears, as defined by BAER testing, with a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 56-100%) for diagnosing @entity2319 and specificity of 78% (95% CI: 66-87%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: TEOAE testing is an effective screening modality for identifying congenital @entity1274 in @entity235 . In light of the simpler and less expensive equipment, TEOAE testing has the potential to improve access to hearing screening and through this reduce the prevalence of @entity2319 in the @entity235 .

title: Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions testing for screening of XXXX in puppies.

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural deafness']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['deafness', 'neonatal deafness', 'congenital deafness']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['sensorineural deafness']


abstract: @entity1 with a first episode of @entity161 generally have increased phospholipid membrane breakdown products within the brain, while findings in chronic @entity1 have been inconsistent. In this study we examine progressive changes in @entity3151 membrane metabolites in the same @entity1 group through the early years of @entity161 in brain regions associated with the disease. Sixteen never-treated and medicated first episode @entity161 @entity1 were assessed at 10 months and 52 months after diagnosis. Sixteen matched volunteers were assessed at baseline and after 35 months. Phospholipid membrane metabolism was assessed with phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the thalamus, cerebellum, hippocampus, anterior/posterior cingulate, prefrontal cortex, parieto-occipital cortex, superior temporal gyrus and temporal pole. At 10 months, @entity15001 was increased in the anterior cingulate in @entity1 as compared to controls. @entity15001 was decreased in the anterior cingulate and increased in the posterior cingulate and left superior temporal gyrus; @entity28053 was decreased in the left thalamus and increased in the left hippocampus within @entity1 over time. At 52 months, compared to controls @entity2945 was increased in the left thalamus and @entity28053 was increased in the left hippocampus. These results imply a gradual inclusion of brain regions in @entity161 where an initial increase, followed by a decrease in phospholipid membrane metabolites was observed. This pattern, observed in the early years of @entity161 , is consistent with excitotoxic neural membrane breakdown in these regions.

title: Progressive membrane phospholipid changes in first episode XXXX with high field magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity28053 :: ('MESH:C002449', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerophosphoethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity2945 :: ('MESH:D010767', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocholine']

entities_list: @entity15001 :: ('CHEBI:55397', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycerophosphocholine', 'glycerophosphocholine']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Muscle fiber type is a well studied property in limb muscles, however, much less is understood about @entity3998 ( @entity3998 ) isoform expression in caudal muscles of @entity1 tails. Didelphid marsupials are an interesting lineage in this context as all species have prehensile tails, but show a range of tail-function depending on either their arboreal or terrestrial locomotor habits. Differences in prehensility suggest that @entity3998 isoform fiber types may also be different, in that terrestrial opossums may have a large distribution of oxidative fibers for object carrying tasks instead of faster, glycolytic fiber types expected in mammals with long tails. To test this hypothesis, @entity3998 isoform fiber type and their regional distribution (proximal/transitional/distal) were determined in the tail of the @entity3968 ( @entity3968 ). Fiber types were determined by a combination of myosin-ATPase histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and @entity214 -PAGE. Results indicate a predominance of the fast @entity3998 -2A and -2X isoforms in each region of the tail. The presence of two fast isoforms, in addition to the slow @entity3998 -1 isoform, was confirmed by @entity214 -PAGE analysis. The overall @entity3998 isoform fiber type distribution for the tail was: 25% @entity3998 -1, 71% @entity3998 -2A/X hybrid, and 4% @entity3998 -1/2A hybrid. Oxidative @entity3998 -2A/X isoform fibers were found to be relatively large in cross-section compared to slow, oxidative @entity3998 -1 and @entity3998 -1/2A hybrid fibers. A large percentage of fast @entity3998 -2A/X hybrids fibers may be suggestive of an evolutionary transition in @entity3998 isoform distribution (fast-to-slow fiber type) in the tail musculature of an opossum with primarily a terrestrial locomotor habit and adaptive tail-function.

title: Myosin isoform fiber type and fiber size in the tail of the @entity3968 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity3968 :: ('9267', 'Species') :: ['Didelphis virginiana', 'Virginia opossum']

entities_list: @entity3998 :: ('3133', 'Gene') :: ['myosin heavy chain', 'MHC']

answer: @entity3968 :: (9267,Species) :: ['Didelphis virginiana']


abstract: BALB/C @entity19 bearing progressive transplanted @entity189 were treated by surgical @entity5 mass either with or without thermo-moxibustion, applied to the GV 14-point-equivalent. A surgical @entity5 , 14 days post-inoculation resulted in 61% of @entity204 compared with 90.0% of @entity204 in the sham operated control. By the addition of the thermo-moxibustion therapy, the mortality rate, in the surgically treated group was reduced to 37.5%. Surgical @entity5 mass at day 17 post-inoculation resulted in 70% @entity204 while surgery supported by thermo-moxibustion protected the animals to the range of 40% @entity204 . Surgical @entity5 mass followed by local heterologous immuno-therapy was very effective when applied 14 days post-inoculation (12.5% @entity204 only). However, the same procedures applied at day 17 post-inoculation were not effective (80% @entity204 ). Surgery and moxibustion together were more effective than surgery alone. Surgery and immunotherapy were very effective when applied from day 14 post-inoculation. Thermo-moxibustion as the sole treatment was effective when applied either before or very close to the @entity5 cell inoculation (35% of @entity204 and 33% of @entity204 respectively, as compared to 61.7% @entity204 in the control). Thermo-moxibustion applied before and after @entity5 cell inoculation was more effective (15% @entity204 rate). Thermo-moxibustion either alone or in conjunction with surgery is a contribution to the protection of BALB/C @entity19 against the early and the late development of @entity19 @entity189 .

title: The contribution of thermo-moxibustion to surgical treatment in transplanted XXXX @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'removal of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity955 originates mostly from the pulmonary vein (PV) foci or non-PV foci in the posterior left atrium (LA). The present study was designed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a novel radiofrequency hot balloon catheter for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity955 by electrically isolating the posterior LA, including all PVs. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred consecutive @entity1 with drug-resistant @entity955 (63 paroxysmal, 37 persistent) were enrolled. The isolation of the PVs was performed by wedging the balloon at each PV antrum to create circumferential lesions in each case. @entity75 were also created at the roof between the superior PVs and at the bottom of the posterior LA between the inferior PVs by dragging the balloon along the endocardium. Complete elimination of the posterior LA and PV potentials was achieved in all 100 cases, confirmed by either conventional or electro-anatomic mapping system. The total procedure time was 129+/-26 minutes, inclusive of 29.9+/-7.3 minutes of fluoroscopy time. Follow-up during 11.0+/-4.8 months confirmed that 92 @entity1 (60 paroxysmal, 32 persistent) were free from @entity955 without antiarrhythmic drugs, and in the remaining @entity1 except for 2 with @entity591 , sinus rhythm was maintained with antiarrhythmic drugs. With precautions of esophageal cooling by irrigation dictated by temperature monitoring and monitoring phrenic nerve pacing, no @entity1727 or permanent @entity128 occurred. CONCLUSIONS: This feasibility study supports the safety and efficacy of radiofrequency hot balloon catheter for complete isolation of the posterior LA and PVs.

title: Feasibility of the radiofrequency hot balloon catheter for isolation of the posterior left atrium and pulmonary veins for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Contiguous linear lesions']

entities_list: @entity1727 :: ('MESH:D004937', 'Disease') :: ['LA-esophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['phrenic nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['LA tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) is a pleiotropic cytokine that activates select immune effector cell responses associated with antitumor activity, including @entity137 ( @entity137 ). Rituximab is an anti- @entity2225 monoclonal antibody that activates @entity137 in @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). The ability of @entity5041 to augment rituximab-dependent @entity5 responses was investigated. The efficacy of @entity5041 in combination with rituximab was evaluated in 2 @entity1893 @entity5 xenograft models: the @entity2225 hi, rituximab-sensitive, low-grade Daudi model and the @entity2225 lo, aggressive, rituximab-resistant Namalwa model. Combination of @entity5041 plus rituximab was synergistic in a @entity5 model, as evidenced by significant @entity5 regressions and increased time to @entity5 progression, compared with @entity5041 and rituximab single agents. In contrast, rituximab-resistant Namalwa @entity5 were responsive to single-agent @entity5041 and showed an increased response when combined with rituximab. Using in vitro killing assays, @entity5041 was shown to enhance activity of rituximab by activating @entity137 and lymphokine-activated killer activity. Additionally, the activity of @entity5041 plus rituximab F(ab')2 was similar to that of @entity5041 alone, indicating a critical role for immunoglobulin G1 Fc-FcgammaR-effector responses in mediating @entity137 . Antiproliferative and apoptotic @entity5 responses, along with an influx of immune effector cells, were observed by immunohistochemistry. Collectively, the data suggest that @entity5041 mediates potent tumoricidal activity against @entity1893 , in part, through activation and trafficking of monocytes and natural killer cells to @entity5 . These data support the mechanistic and therapeutic rationale for combination of @entity5041 with rituximab in @entity1893 clinical trials and for single-agent @entity5041 in rituximab-resistant @entity1893 @entity1 .

title: Recombinant XXXX significantly augments activity of rituximab in @entity1 @entity5 xenograft models of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'non-Hodgkin lymphoma', 'NHL tumors']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['ADCC', 'antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rituximab-sensitive Daudi tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1659 ( @entity1659 ) is a rare @entity74 characterized by unpredictable and recurring attacks of @entity113 . This study assessed potential attack rebound and relapse following treatment with @entity33780 , a plasma kallikrein inhibitor approved for @entity1659 attack treatment. METHODS: Results were integrated from 2 double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of @entity33780 treatment for @entity1659 : EDEMA3-DB and EDEMA4. Symptoms were assessed by treatment outcome score (TOS), mean symptom complex severity (MSCS) score, and global response. @entity1 with improvement at 4 h post-dosing in all three measures followed by any sign of worsening at 24 h were considered to show potential rebound if worsening was beyond baseline or potential relapse if not beyond baseline. Likeliness of rebound or relapse was determined by the number of measures showing worsening and the magnitude of worsening. @entity1 receiving placebo who met the criteria for rebound/relapse were evaluated for descriptive comparison only. RESULTS: Significantly more @entity33780 -treated @entity1 (42 of 70) compared to placebo (26 of 71) showed improvement in three measures at 4 h and were thus eligible for rebound/relapse (P = 0.006). Of the nine @entity33780 -treated @entity1 with signs of worsening at 24 h, none were likely rebound, one was assessed as possible rebound, one as likely relapse, and two as possible relapse. No @entity1 with potential rebound/relapse experienced new symptoms after dosing. Medical intervention was required in one @entity33780 -treated @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity33780 was efficacious for treating acute @entity1659 attacks. Relapse was observed in a small proportion of @entity1 , and there was little evidence of rebound.

title: Assessment of rebound and relapse following @entity33780 treatment for acute attacks of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1659 :: ('MESH:D054179', 'Disease') :: ['HAE', 'Hereditary angioedema']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity33780 :: ('MESH:C511194', 'Chemical') :: ['Ecallantide', 'ecallantide']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disease']

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['angioedema']

answer: @entity1659 :: (MESH:D054179,Disease) :: ['hereditary angioedema']


abstract: Gastrojejunostomy is one of the most important procedures in @entity356 surgery. Anastomosis between different parts of the stomach and the intestine is a basic technical component in all gastrointestinal procedure. This study evaluated complications of gastrojejunostomy in @entity356 surgery with two methods: single-layer and double-layer @entity254 . This study was carried out in the Department of Surgery in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital from January 1st 2010 to June 30th 2012. Fifty @entity1 with @entity189 stomach who needed gastrojejunostomy were included in this study. These @entity1 with average age of 43.22 years were divided in two groups (25 in each group); single-layer and double-layer @entity254 . In single-layer @entity254 gastrojejunostomy was performed in interrupted method with absorbable suture (3/0 vicryl). Double-layer @entity254 was carried out with continuous suture (2/0 silk, 2/0 catgut). Possible @entity532 like @entity834 , @entity530 , @entity1661 , @entity850 and wound @entity281 were evaluated. In the single-layer group, 2 @entity1 (4%) developed @entity834 , wound @entity281 and only 1 @entity1 (2%) developed @entity1661 , @entity530 and @entity548 . No @entity1 developed anastomotic stricture. In double-layer group, no @entity1 developed @entity834 but wound @entity281 only in 1 @entity1 (2%). Gastrojejunostomy with single-layer hand-sewn suture technique is safe without serious complications in comparison to double-layer suture technique. More-over operation time is less and cost is less in single-layer method.

title: Single layer gastro-intestinal XXXX in @entity356 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic bleeding']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic abscess']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to test the effect of high voltage stimulation (HVS) on blood flow velocity ( @entity19385 ) in the @entity35 hind limb. A 20-MHz pulsed Doppler device was used to measure @entity19385 changes in the femoral artery of 20 anesthetized @entity35 after electrical stimulation. The animals were stimulated under the following conditions: four different pulse rates, changes in stimulus voltage, and changes in polarity. Blood flow velocity also was measured in the unstimulated hind limb. Although each of the four pulse rates caused significant increases in @entity19385 , the 20-pulse-per-second rate produced @entity19385 increases significantly greater than the other three pulse rates. The @entity19385 changes, on the average, occurred less than 1 minute from the onset of stimulation and lasted up to 14 minutes after the cessation of the stimulation. The @entity19385 increased with increases in voltage intensity. Both the positive and negative poles elicited significant increases in @entity19385 , but the negative pole produced the greatest increases. Blood flow in the unstimulated hind limb was unchanged after stimulation. This study indicates that HVS of muscle does cause significant increases in blood flow to the stimulated @entity35 hind limb.

title: Effect of high voltage stimulation on blood flow in the XXXX hind limb.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The cardioprotective properties of @entity5301 ( @entity5301 ) in preclinical studies are well documented, but erythropoietic and prothrombotic properties of @entity5301 preclude its use in @entity712 ( @entity712 ). We tested the effect of long-term treatment with a small peptide sequence within the @entity5301 molecule, helix B surface peptide (HBSP), that possesses tissue-protective, but not erythropoietic properties of @entity5301 , on mortality and cardiac remodeling in @entity384 in @entity35 . Starting 2 weeks after permanent left coronary artery ligation, @entity35 received i.p. injections of HBSP (60   g/kg) or saline two times per week for 10 months. Treatment did not elicit an immune response, and did not affect the hematocrit. Compared with untreated @entity35 , HBSP treatment reduced mortality by 50% (P < 0.05). Repeated echocardiography demonstrated remarkable attenuation of @entity5988 (end-diastolic volume: 41 versus 86%; end-systolic volume: 44 versus 135%; P < 0.05), left ventricle functional deterioration (ejection fraction: -4 versus -63%; P < 0.05), and @entity583 ( @entity583 ) expansion (3 versus 38%; P < 0.05). A hemodynamic assessment at study termination demonstrated normal preload independent @entity64 work (63    5 versus 40    4; P < 0.05) and arterioventricular coupling (1.2    0.2 versus 2.7    0.7; P < 0.05). Histologic analysis revealed reduced apoptosis (P < 0.05) and @entity82 (P < 0.05), increased cardiomyocyte density (P < 0.05), and increased number of cardiomyocytes in myocardium among HBSP-treated @entity35 . The results indicate that HBSP effectively reduces mortality, ameliorates the @entity583 expansion and @entity712 progression, and preserves systolic reserve in the @entity35 post- @entity583 model. There is also a possibility that HBSP promoted the increase of the myocytes number in the myocardial wall remote from the @entity1188 . Thus, HBSP peptide merits consideration for clinical testing.

title: Chronic administration of small nonerythropoietic peptide sequence of @entity5301 effectively ameliorates the progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['postmyocardial infarction-dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['postmyocardial infarction-dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Postoperative @entity73 (POCD) is a frequent complication after cardiac surgery. Although intraoperative events are risk factors for POCD, the role played by preoperative hypoperfusion in @entity73 has not yet been investigated. It is also unknown whether the impact of preoperative hypoperfusion in the left or right middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) can differentially account for POCD. The main aims of this study were to investigate whether preoperative @entity1779 was associated with early POCD and whether lateralized hypoperfusion would differentially affect POCD in @entity1 after cardiac surgery. METHODS: Bilateral MCA continuous transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonography was preoperatively performed at rest in 31 right-handed @entity1 who underwent cardiac surgery to detect cerebral blood flow (CBF) velocity. All @entity1 completed a neuropsychological evaluation to assess attention, short-term memory, working memory, and psychomotor function before surgery and at discharge. POCD was defined using the standard deviation method. Logistic regression was used to investigate the association between hypoperfusion and POCD, controlling for common preoperative risk factors. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 (45%) exhibited POCD. @entity1779 in the left MCA selectively predicted the incidence of POCD (odds ratio = 0.90, p < .02), whereas CBF velocity in the right MCA was unrelated to POCD (odds ratio = 1.07, p = .39). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who underwent cardiac surgery with reduced CBF velocity in the left MCA preoperatively are at greater risk for POCD. Left @entity1779 may also represent an independent predictor of POCD in these @entity1 . TCD evaluation may have substantial clinical benefits for the detection of @entity1 at high risk of POCD after cardiac surgery.

title: Preoperative @entity1779 in the left, not in the right, hemisphere is associated with XXXX after cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hypoperfusion', 'Cerebral hypoperfusion']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive decline']


abstract: PURPOSE: To correlate polymorphisms in genes involved in the transport, activation, and inactivation of pemetrexed with the outcome of @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) treated with pemetrexed. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Data from a phase II @entity1149 trial evaluating the optimal schedule of @entity136 and pemetrexed were used. All @entity1 with available DNA were genotyped for polymorphisms in @entity26372 , @entity26373 , and @entity7177 genes. @entity1 with various genotypes were compared for efficacy and adverse events resulting from pemetrexed. RESULTS: Fifty-four @entity1 had genotype results for all polymorphisms studied. @entity1 with the homozygous variant genotypes for @entity7177 @entity26374 , @entity26375 , and wild-type genotype for exon6 @entity26376 had a significantly better overall survival compared with their counterparts (median overall survival in months: 8.9 [CC] versus 14.0 [CT] versus 16.7 [TT]; 9.4 [CC] versus 10.3 [CA] versus 22.7 [AA]; and 22.7 [CC] versus 10.3 [CT] versus 9.4 [TT] respectively; all log rank p = 0.03). @entity1 with the heterozygous TC genotype for @entity26373 IVS5 @entity26377 had greater rates of confirmed response + stable disease compared with the TT genotype (85% versus 60%; odds ratio = 4.0; p = 0.06). A greater risk for grade 3/4 SGPT (ALT) elevation was observed in @entity1 heterozygous (GA) for the @entity26372 IVS1 @entity26378 polymorphism compared with the GG genotype (43% versus 13%; odds ratio = 5.0, p = 0.07). All results were largely consistent within @entity1 with nonsquamous (n = 40) histology. CONCLUSION: Polymorphisms in SLC1A91 seem to predict for survival differences in pemetrexed-treated @entity1149 . Additionally, polymorphisms in @entity26373 and @entity26372 have marginal associations with response and adverse event. These results should be validated in larger prospective studies using pemetrexed.

title: Correlation between polymorphisms of the reduced folate carrier gene ( @entity7177 ) and survival after pemetrexed-based therapy in XXXX : a North Central Cancer Treatment Group-based exploratory study.

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Current @entity683 vaccines fail to induce protection against antigenically distinct virus strains. Accordingly, there is a need for the development of cross-protective vaccines. Previously, we and others have shown that vaccination with whole inactivated virus (WIV) induces cross-protective cellular immunity in @entity19 . To probe the mechanistic basis for this finding, we investigated the role of @entity6439 , a receptor for single-stranded RNA, in induction of cross-protection. Vaccination of @entity6439 -/- @entity19 with @entity683 WIV failed to protect against a lethal heterosubtypic challenge; in contrast, wild-type @entity19 were fully protected. The lack of protection in @entity6439 -/- @entity19 was associated with high viral load and a relative paucity of @entity683 -specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Dendritic cells (DCs) from @entity6439 -/- @entity19 were unable to cross-present WIV-derived antigen to @entity683 -specific CTLs in vitro. Similarly, @entity6439 -/- DCs failed to mature and become activated in response to WIV, as determined by the assessment of surface marker expression and cytokine production. Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) derived from wild-type @entity19 responded directly to WIV while purified conventional DCs (cDCs) did not respond to WIV in isolation, but were responsive in mixed pDC/cDC cultures. Depletion of pDCs prior to and during WIV immunization resulted in reduced numbers of @entity683 -specific CTLs and impaired protection from heterosubtypic challenge. Thus, @entity6439 plays a critical role in the induction of cross-protective immunity upon vaccination with WIV. The initial target cells for WIV appear to be pDCs which by direct or indirect mechanisms promote activation of robust CTL responses against conserved @entity683 epitopes.

title: Critical role of @entity6439 signaling in the priming of cross-protective cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses by a whole inactivated XXXX virus vaccine.

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mortality and morbidity associated with @entity1779 is still high. Up to now, there are no evidence-based effective treatments for acute ICH. This study is to assess the effect of @entity927 ( @entity928 ) on @entity1410 growth of @entity1 with spontaneous ICH compared to a placebo. METHODS: We performed a single-blinded, randomised placebo-controlled trial of @entity928 (intravenous 1g bolus, followed by infusion @entity928 1 g/hour for 8 hours) in acute (< 8 hours) primary ICH. Strict blood pressure control (target SBP 140-160 mmHg). A repeat Computed Tomography brain was done after 24 hours to reassess @entity1410 growth. The primary objective is to test the effect of @entity928 on @entity1410 growth. Other objective was to test the feasibility, tolerability, and adverse events of @entity928 in primary ICH. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed significant @entity1410 growth in control group after 24 hours compared to baseline (14.3300 vs 17.9940, P = 0.001) whereas the treatment group there is no significant @entity1410 size expansion between baseline and after 24 hours (P = 0.313). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a significant @entity1410 volume expansion in the control group compared to the treatment group.

title: XXXX as Antifibrinolytic Agent in Non @entity1779 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity927 :: (MESH:D014148,Chemical) :: ['Tranexamic Acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: The recent emergence of third-generation @entity5898 resistance in @entity298 is of great concern, although neither the risk factors for resistance nor its real impact on mortality have been well defined. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of all @entity298 episodes with positive blood and/or ascitic culture at our center (2001-2009). Episodes were classified according to the place of acquisition: community, healthcare system, or nosocomial. RESULTS: Two hundred and forty-six episodes were analyzed in 200 @entity1 (150 males, 57.3 years): 34.6% community-acquired, 38.6% healthcare system-acquired, and 26.8% nosocomially-acquired. Third-generation @entity5898 resistance occurred in 21.5% (7.1% community-acquired, 21.1% healthcare system-acquired, 40.9% nosocomially-acquired). These resistant cases were categorized as extended-spectrum b-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacilli, other resistant Gram-negative bacilli, and Enterococci. Risk factors for resistance were previous use of cephalosporins, @entity6 , @entity360 , nosocomial acquisition, and a low polymorphonuclear count in ascites. Regarding third-generation @entity5898 resistance, adequate empirical treatment was 80.7%. Independent predictors of mortality were nosocomial acquisition, poor hepato-renal function, immunosuppressive therapy, a marked inflammatory response during the episode and either third-generation @entity5898 -resistance or low rates of adequate empirical treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of third-generation @entity5898 resistance was particularly high in nosocomially-acquired episodes of @entity298 , but also occurred in healthcare system-acquired cases. The extent of resistance and the adequacy of empirical antibiotics had a significant effect on mortality along with the @entity1 's hepato-renal function. These data can help determine the most suitable empirical antimicrobial treatments in these @entity1 .

title: Risk factors for resistance to ceftriaxone and its impact on mortality in community, healthcare and nosocomial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous bacterial peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['spontaneous bacterial peritonitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asthma is related to airway @entity32 and oxidative stress. High levels of reactive @entity26 and @entity1568 species can induce cytotoxic DNA damage. Nevertheless, little is known about the possible role of allergen-induced DNA damage and DNA repair as modulators of @entity565 -associated pathology. OBJECTIVE: We sought to study DNA damage and DNA damage responses induced by @entity6711 ( @entity6711 ) in  vivo and in  vitro. METHODS: We measured DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), DNA repair proteins, and apoptosis in an @entity6711 -induced @entity56 model and in lung samples from @entity748 @entity1 . To study DNA repair, we treated @entity19 with the DSB repair inhibitor @entity33906 . To study the direct DNA-damaging effect of @entity6711 on @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells, we exposed BEAS-2B cells to @entity6711 and measured DNA damage and reactive @entity26 species levels. RESULTS: @entity6711 challenge increased lung levels of oxidative damage to proteins ( @entity6837 ), lipids ( @entity7707 ), and nucleic acid ( @entity25469 ). Immunohistochemical evidence for @entity6711 -induced DNA DSBs was revealed by increased levels of the DSB marker y @entity6714 ( @entity6714 )  foci in bronchial epithelium. BEAS-2B  cells exposed to @entity6711 showed enhanced DNA damage, as measured by using the comet assay and yH2AX staining. In lung tissue from @entity1 @entity1 with @entity565 , we observed increased levels of DNA repair proteins and apoptosis, as shown by @entity522 cleavage, @entity13779 levels, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 nick end-labeling staining. Notably, @entity33906 augmented DNA damage and cytokine production in the bronchial epithelium and apoptosis in the allergic airway, implicating DSBs as an underlying driver of @entity565 pathophysiology. CONCLUSION: This work calls attention to reactive @entity26 and @entity1568 species and @entity6711 -induced @entity137 and to a potential role for DNA repair as a modulator of @entity565 -associated pathophysiology.

title: House dust mite-induced XXXX causes oxidative damage and DNA double-strand breaks in the lungs.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity6837 :: ('CHEBI:44454', 'Chemical') :: ['3-nitrotyrosine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity7707 :: ('MESH:C075750', 'Chemical') :: ['8-isoprostane']

entities_list: @entity13779 :: ('1677', 'Gene') :: ['caspase-activated DNase']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity6711 :: ('MESH:D008924', 'Disease') :: ['HDM', 'house dust mite']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: In order to evaluate the effect of exogenous sex @entity230 on adipose tissue metabolism, two groups of postmenopausal @entity1 were studied. In one of the groups, the effect of 50 micrograms @entity2082 (EE) was investigated given orally alone and in combination with 10 mg @entity5709 (NET). This combination is reminiscent of an old high dose oral contraceptive. In the other group, the effect of 3 mg 17 @entity10769 was evaluated when administered percutaneously alone and in combination with 300 mg micronized @entity1420 given orally. These substances and doses were chosen to provide a "physiological" hormonal influence. In the femoral region 50 micrograms EE induced an increase in @entity5523 activity. This elevated @entity5523 value was reversed with the addition of 10 mg NET. Moreover, during treatment with 50 micrograms EE, a decrease in @entity1063 stimulated lipolysis was seen in the abdominal region. The percutaneous administration of @entity53 with or without micronized @entity1420 , however, was inert as regards subcutaneous adipose tissue metabolism. Our findings indicate, therefore, that EE in doses used in oral contraception might promote lipid accumulation in the femoral adipose tissue depot.

title: Regional adipose tissue metabolism in postmenopausal XXXX after treatment with exogenous sex @entity230 .

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinyl estradiol']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17 beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity5709 :: ('MESH:C024262', 'Chemical') :: ['norethisterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity10769 :: ('CHEBI:16469', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-estradiol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hydrodynamic injection of naked plasmid DNA (pDNA) via the tail vein is a safe and effective method of gene transfer to the liver. However, successful gene transfer has yet to be shown for @entity157 ( @entity157 ); therefore, we investigated the feasibility and efficacy of hydrodynamic injection via the tail vein and hepatic artery in a @entity107 ( @entity108 )-induced @entity157 model in @entity35 . METHODS: @entity157 was induced in @entity35 by 100 ppm @entity108 in drinking water. pCMV-SPORT-beta-galactosidase (beta-gal, 400 microg) was injected (i) via the tail vein in a volume of 0.1 ml/g in 30 s or (ii) via the hepatic artery in a volume of 5 or 10 ml at 1 ml/s, either with or without temporary occlusion of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and portal vein (PV). The liver was harvested 24 h after administration, and beta-gal expression was evaluated with X-gal staining and measurement of enzymatic activity in tissue homogenates. RESULTS: Hydrodynamic injection via the tail vein achieved transgene expression only in non-cancerous tissue ( @entity5 : 0.16 +/- 0.04%, @entity5 : 5.07 +/- 1.66%). @entity99 was tolerated, but failed to produce efficient transgene expression in @entity5 and @entity5 cells. On the other hand, concomitant use of temporary IVC/PV occlusion with hydrodynamic injection via the hepatic artery dramatically increased transgene expression in @entity5 cells, but @entity5 -selective gene transfer was not achieved with this procedure ( @entity5 : 7.38 +/- 3.66%, @entity5 : 7.77 +/- 1.06%). CONCLUSIONS: High-volume hydrodynamic injection of a pDNA solution via the hepatic artery with IVC/PV occlusion achieved a high level of gene expression in a @entity157 @entity35 model. This gene transfer technique may have potential in clinical gene therapy for @entity157 .

title: High volume hydrodynamic injection of plasmid DNA via the hepatic artery results in a high level of gene expression in @entity35 XXXX induced by @entity107 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'non-tumor']

entities_list: @entity107 :: ('MESH:D004052', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hydrodynamic injection via the hepatic artery']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to test the effects of preincisional parietal and intraperitoneal infiltration with @entity1342 (R) on @entity282 after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: 60 @entity1 scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed by the same surgeon were enrolled in a randomized, controlled double-blind trial. All @entity1 received the same general anesthesia protocol and Ig i.v. @entity1443 was infused after induction of anesthesia for postoperative @entity1337 , repeated postoperatively each 6 hours, up to 4 g/ 24 h. After induction of anesthesia, the @entity1 were randomized in 4 groups (15 @entity1 each): group A received preincisional parietal infiltration of 20 ml normal saline (NS) solution and 20 ml R0, 25% intraperitoneal instillation; group B, 20 ml R0, 0.25% preincisional parietal and 20 ml NS intraperitoneal; group C, 20 ml R0, 25% preincisional parietal and 20 ml R0, 25% intraperitoneal; group D (control), 20 ml NS preincisional local and 20 ml NS intraperitoneal. @entity1340 was used as a rescue analgesic Primary end points: were @entity282 at @entity2145 , 2h, 6h, 12h, 24h on visual analogue scale (VAS 0-100 mm) score and rescue analgesic requirements. RESULTS: We found no differences in demographics, length of surgery time and hospital stay (total 3.38 +/- 0.22 days). VAS was significantly lower at all intervals in groups C versus D and at Oh, 6h and 12 h in group C versus group A and B (p < 0.05). We found no influence on shoulder @entity158 . Tramadol doses required were significantly lower in group C vs. D (0,73 +/- 1.10 vs 1,93 +/- 1.03, p = 0.017). CONCLUSION: Ropivacaine shows significant favorable effects on @entity282 after laparoscopic cholecystectomy when using both parietal and intraperitoneal instillation in combination with perioperative i.v. @entity1443 .

title: [Multimodal XXXX in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A double-blind randomized controlled trial].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['Tramadol']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To systematically review the existing literature on outcomes and management of @entity3541 resulting from @entity130 . STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of the literature. METHODS: Thirty-five articles met our inclusion criteria. Outcome variables analyzed included severity of @entity912 , time of onset of @entity912 , surgical or nonsurgical management, @entity134 use, and final @entity2103 . RESULTS: All studies were classified as level 4 evidence as defined by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. There was marked variation in the quality of the studies with inconsistent outcome measures, diagnostic testing, and follow-up, thus ruling out a formal meta-analysis. In an exploratory pooling of data, 612 cases had sufficient follow-up and facial movement grading for some evaluation of trends. In 189 @entity1 who were followed observationally, 66% achieved an outcome equivalent to House-Brackmann (HB) I, 25% achieving HB II-V, and two @entity1 an HB VI score. Among 83 @entity1 treated with @entity230 , 67% achieved HB I, 30% HB II-V, and no @entity1 with HB VI. In 340 @entity1 treated surgically, 23% achieved HB I postoperatively, 58% were graded as HB II-V, and 9% with HB grade VI postoperatively. No @entity1 presenting with partial @entity912 had an HB VI outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The role of surgery versus nonsurgical interventions for this clinical entity remains inconclusive. Level 4 evidence studies predominate and are further hindered by poor description of outcome measures and incomplete data reporting. Exploratory pooling of data without formal meta-analysis suggests the need to compare any intervention to the natural course of healing, which overall appears to be favorable.

title: Management and outcomes of XXXX from @entity130 : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve function']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['intratemporal blunt trauma']

answer: @entity3541 :: (MESH:D005158,Disease) :: ['facial paralysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the ability of glycated hemoglobin (GHb) to predict @entity209 in an Iranian population with normal @entity413 tolerance (NGT). METHODS: A cross-sectional study of first-degree relatives (FDRs) of @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 was conducted from 2003 to 2005. A total of 1386 FDRs of consecutive @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 30-60 years old (355 @entity1 and 1031 @entity1 ) with NGT were examined. All subjects underwent a standard 75-gram 2-h oral @entity413 tolerance test and GHb measurement. Consensus criteria in 2009 were used to identify @entity209 . Unadjusted and adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the risk of @entity209 . The mean [standard deviation (SD)] age of @entity1 was 42.4 (6.3) years. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity209 was 17.5% in @entity1 and 21.5% in @entity1 . The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of @entity209 was 2.01 (1.03, 3.93) for the highest quintile of GHb compared with lowest quintile. These data indicate that GHb was associated with @entity209 , independently of gender among FDRs of @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 with NGT. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that GHb below the level for @entity5710 might be a predictive measure of @entity209 in FDRs of @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 with NGT.

title: Glycated hemoglobin as a predictor for @entity209 in an Iranian population with normal XXXX tolerance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: @entity19 models of @entity1252 exhibit some, but not all of the characteristics of @entity1 disease. Disease progression in the animal models is related to autoantibodies, genetics, and inflammatory processes. In this report the effects of two bacterial biological response modifiers (BRM) on disease progression in the MRL- @entity1309 model were investigated. The two BRM tested were @entity2432 and Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin (BCG), both of which are stimulators of the reticuloendothelial system and both of which have been shown by others to influence disease progression in NZB/W @entity19 . Treatment of 10-week-old @entity19 with @entity2432 led to transient alterations in @entity828 and plasma proteinase regulation, which then returned to control values. Treatment with BCG led to even more transient effects on the @entity19 . Neither BRM appeared to impact on disease-associated alterations in autoantibody titres, @entity828 , or elevations in plasma proteinase activity. Likewise, treatment of 17-week-old MRL- @entity1309 @entity19 with @entity2432 did not influence disease progression as evidenced by survival, autoantibody production, or @entity828 . Therefore, in contrast to the NZB/W strain, treatment of the MRL- @entity1309 strain with these BRM does not appear to impact on disease progression. This difference may be due to the influence of the @entity1309 accelerator gene in this model.

title: Influence of biological response modifiers of bacterial origin on disease progression in the MRL- @entity1309 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Two types of end-to-end colorectal @entity254 using a circular stapler, circular stapled @entity254 ( @entity10002 ) and double stapling @entity254 (DSA), have become the standard technique. The possibility of anastomotic openings of the DSA being smaller and somewhat distorted, because of some portion of the stapled rectal stump not being included in the anastomotic opening, was examined. METHODS: Anastomotic openings created by @entity10002 and DSA were photographed through a sigmoidoscope, and the maximal and minimal diameters and the areas of the anastomotic openings were measured and calculated with an image analyzer. They were examined in the @entity1707 rectum immediately after surgery and were also examined in the randomized clinical cases 3 or more months after surgery. RESULTS: It was found that larger anastomotic openings could be created as the diameter of the anastomosed intestine and the cartridge size became wider in both methods immediately after surgery. The shape of anastomotic opening created by DSA was observed to be more oval than round immediately after surgery. The @entity850 occurred in a small number of @entity1 in both methods within 3 months after surgery. The area of the anastomotic opening created by @entity10002 was about 25% larger than that by DSA immediately after surgery and about 30% larger 3 or more months after surgery. CONCLUSION: @entity10002 provides a larger anastomotic opening than DSA. @entity850 occurred in a small number of @entity1 in both methods.

title: Which technique, circular stapled @entity254 or double stapling XXXX , provides the optimal size and shape of rectal anastomotic opening?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic stenosis', 'Anastomotic stenosis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: @entity3218 is a fungal pathogen that infects both healthy and immunocompromised hosts. In regions where it is endemic, @entity3218 grows in the soil and causes respiratory and @entity262 when inhaled by @entity1 . An interesting aspect of @entity3218 biology is that it adopts specialized developmental programs in response to its environment. In the soil, it grows as filamentous chains of cells (mycelia) that produce asexual spores (conidia). When the soil is disrupted, conidia aerosolize and are inhaled by @entity1 hosts. Inside a host, conidia germinate into @entity375 -form cells that colonize immune cells and cause disease. Despite the ability of conidia to initiate @entity281 , they have not been explored on a molecular level. We developed methods to purify @entity3218 conidia, and we show here that these cells germinate into filaments at room temperature and into @entity375 -form cells at 37  C. Conidia internalized by macrophages germinate into the @entity375 form and proliferate within macrophages, ultimately lysing the host cells. Similarly, @entity281 of @entity19 with purified conidia is sufficient to establish @entity281 and yield viable @entity375 -form cells in vivo. To characterize conidia on a molecular level, we performed whole-genome expression profiling of conidia, @entity375 , and mycelia from two highly divergent @entity3218 strains. In parallel, we used homology and protein domain analysis to manually annotate the predicted genes of both strains. Analyses of the resultant data defined sets of transcripts that reflect the unique molecular states of @entity3218 conidia, @entity375 , and mycelia.

title: Comparative transcriptomics of infectious spores from the fungal pathogen XXXX reveals a core set of transcripts that specify infectious and pathogenic states.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection and disease', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity3218 :: ('5037', 'Species') :: ['Histoplasma capsulatum', 'H. capsulatum']

answer: @entity3218 :: (5037,Species) :: ['Histoplasma capsulatum']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Ultrasonographic measurements have been proposed to assess intra-abdominal adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to compare the relationship between waist circumference (WC), ultrasonographic measurements of intra-abdominal adipose tissue (UMA), and @entity65 ( @entity65 ). METHODS: We determined blood pressure (BP), fasting HDL- @entity165 , LDL- @entity165 , @entity1674 , @entity413 , insulin resistance index HOMA, 2 h @entity413 in oral @entity413 tolerance test (oGTT), weight status ( @entity214 -BMI), WC, and UMA in 89 @entity28 @entity1 . Furthermore, we analyzed the changes of @entity65 , @entity214 -BMI, WC, and UMA in 29 @entity28 @entity1 participating in a one-year lifestyle intervention. RESULTS: In stepwise multivariable regression analysis, waist circumference was significantly associated to LDL- @entity165 , @entity1674 , HOMA, and systolic blood pressure (adjusted variance (AV) 0.05-0.17). @entity214 -BMI was significantly related to @entity1674 , HDL- @entity165 , 2 h @entity413 in oGTT, and diastolic blood pressure (AV 0.12-0.15), while UMA was related significantly to HOMA (AV 0.04). The @entity28 @entity1 participating in a lifestyle intervention significantly reduced their overweight, which was associated with a significant improvement of most @entity65 and a reduction of WC and UMA. Changes of WC were significantly correlated to changes of HDL- @entity165 (r=-0.45), HOMA (r=0.37), @entity413 tolerance (r=0.59), systolic BP (r=0.60), and diastolic BP (r=0.43), while change of @entity214 -BMI and UMA were not significantly related to any @entity65 . CONCLUSIONS: Compared to UMA, WC was stronger related to @entity65 in @entity28 @entity1 . Therefore, the simple measurement of WC seems preferable as an indirect marker of @entity65 .

title: Relationships between cardiovascular risk profile, ultrasonographic measurement of intra-abdominal adipose tissue, and waist circumference in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CRF', 'cardiovascular risk factors']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: Hepatic resection is the only curative therapy currently available for @entity14 metastases to the liver. However, concern over high morbidity and mortality of the procedure has limited referral of @entity1 for resection. The authors report on 58 @entity1 undergoing hepatic resection for colorectal metastases at the National @entity5 Institute between the years 1976 and 1985. Thirty-two @entity1 underwent a major hepatic resection, and 26 @entity1 underwent one or more wedge resections. Mean anesthesia time was 448 minutes, mean estimated @entity190 was 3663 ml, and mean hospital stay was 17.5 days. Operative mortality was 3 percent, and morbidity was 62 percent. Using a grading scale for complications, 24 percent of @entity1 had inconsequential complications, 16 percent had moderate complications, and 19 percent had severe complications. Complications were clearly related to extent of procedure. Factors that correlated best with morbidity were high @entity190 and trisegmentectomy. The authors conclude that while hepatic resection can carry a high morbidity, much of this morbidity is minor and operative mortality is low. Recent improvements in anesthesia, improved resection technique, and a better understanding of hepatic anatomy have made possible correspondingly lower morbidity and mortality rates. Careful selection of @entity1 can make hepatic resection a safe procedure.

title: Morbidity and mortality of hepatic resection for metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: Psoriasis is a chronic recurrent @entity32 of the skin. Clinical subtypes include @entity1569 ( @entity1569 ), @entity5144 , and @entity1569 . Aim of this study was to analyse relevant inflammatory mediators in the plasma of @entity1 with distinct subtypes of active @entity1569 , and in the scales of mild-to-moderate @entity1569 @entity1 , and correlation to disease severity. Compared to healthy controls (n=10), @entity1 affected by very severe forms of @entity1569 (n=30) were characterized by increased plasma levels of @entity3646 , @entity650 , @entity2842 , @entity7 and in particular PDGFbb. Each group with severe @entity1569 had distinct characteristic features of plasma cytokine profile. Mild-to-moderate @entity1569 @entity1 (n=35) showed higher levels of @entity3646 , @entity650 , @entity688 , and @entity4047 when compared to healthy controls. No correlation was found between @entity1569 severity assessed by PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) and levels of these mediators. By contrast, disease severity correlated to scale levels of @entity371 . For the first time, we found exaggerated circulating levels of the pro-angiogenic PDGFbb and @entity7 in severe @entity1569 . Evidence that the severity of skin symptoms correlated exclusively with scale levels of @entity371 , but not with any up-regulated inflammatory mediator in plasma, suggests that distinct skin-independent processes contribute to the circulating cytokine profile in @entity1569 .

title: Wide-spectrum profile of inflammatory mediators in the plasma and scales of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorder']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'psoriasis vulgaris', 'erythrodermic psoriasis', 'PV']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthropathy']

answer: @entity5144 :: (MESH:D015535,Disease) :: ['psoriatic disease']


abstract: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) accounts for 3% of adult deaths from @entity5 . The risk factors for its development are still under intense investigation. Although @entity286 smoke is a risk factor, the data are inconsistent and the extent of the increased risk is unclear. Estimates from 19 case-control and 5 cohort studies were used. The case-control reports included 8,032 cases and 13,800 controls; the cohort estimates were based on 1,457,754 @entity1 with 1,326 cases of @entity1358 . The relative risk (RR) for @entity1358 for ever smokers as compared to lifetime never smokers was 1.38 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27-1.50). The RR for male smokers was 1.54 (95% CI = 1.42-1.68) and for female smokers was 1.22 (95% CI = 1.09-1.36). For @entity1 and @entity1 there was a strong dose-dependent increase in risk. Ever smoker @entity1 who had smoked 1-9, 10-20 or 21 or more cigarettes/day had a RR of 1.60 (95% CI = 1.21-2.12), 1.83 (95% CI = 1.30-2.57), or 2.03 (95% CI = 1.51-2.74), respectively. For @entity1 , the relative risks were 0.98 (95% CI = 0.71-1.35), 1.38 (95% CI = 0.90-2.11), or 1.58 (95% CI = 1.14-2.20), respectively. The advantages of smoking cessation were confirmed by a reduction in RR for those who had quit smoking for >10 years as compared to those who had quit for 1-10 years. Inhaled @entity286 smoke is clearly implicated in the etiology of @entity1358 , with a strong dose-dependent increase in risk associated with numbers of cigarettes smoked per day and a substantial reduction in risk for long-term former smokers.

title: XXXX in relation to cigarette smoking: meta-analysis of 24 studies.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: The aim of our review was to identify the current information with regard to the pathogenesis and @entity5 . The current literature was reviewed by searching MEDLINE/PubMed, using the following keywords: @entity1870 , myometrium, stromal cells, malignant transformation, pathogenesis, etiology, genome-wide and microarray. Early signs of the development of @entity1870 are considered to be the penetration of stromal cells into the inner layer of the myometrium. @entity1870 smooth muscle cells are developed, possibly, through a remodeling pathway via reactivation of coelomic epithelial cells as a result of @entity172 -induced epithelial mesenchymal transition. Smooth muscle cell @entity1373 and @entity1184 are a reflection of a reaction of the surrounding tissue. The development of @entity420 arising from @entity1870 is a relatively rare occurrence. In our literature review, to date, 44 cases of @entity5 arising from @entity1870 have been documented. Studies reporting results of @entity74 , epigenetic changes, monoclonal expansion, mutational analysis and the inactivation of specific @entity5 suppressor genes are very few in this field. In conclusion, @entity1870 can be a precursor of some @entity189 . The exact molecular mechanisms that lead to the malignant transformation are poorly understood.

title: Pathogenesis and XXXX (review).

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'malignant transformation of adenomyosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1870 :: ('MESH:D062788', 'Disease') :: ['Adenomyosis', 'adenomyosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant transformation of adenomyosis']


abstract: Obesity in @entity1 and adolescents has reached alarming proportions in the United States. Nutritional surveys do not indicate a significant increase in caloric intake in @entity1 and adolescents over the last 3 decades, although caloric intake has increased recently in adolescent females. Dietary fat has also been falling. There is no conclusive evidence linking physical inactivity to the @entity28 epidemic, and longitudinal studies indicate that physical inactivity may be the result of @entity28 rather than its cause. Hence, attention should be focused on dietary @entity1735 . @entity1735 intake has increased as a result of the decrease in dietary fat. Indirect evidence also indicates that the quality of @entity1735 has been changing, so that American @entity1 are eating more @entity3363 with a higher glycemic index. It is proposed that high-glycemic-index diets lead to excessive @entity1017 as a consequence of postprandial @entity3190 . Low-glycemic-index diets lower postprandial @entity2690 levels and @entity2690 resistance. It seems likely that diets restricted in sweetened sodas and noncitrus juices and containing ample whole grains, vegetables, and fruit could have a major impact on the prevalence of @entity4806 .

title: The XXXX : causes and controversies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric obesity']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate', 'Carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity4806 :: (MESH:D063766,Disease) :: ['pediatric obesity epidemic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The presence of @entity99 ( @entity99 ) is a rare finding. It is most commonly caused by bowel @entity39 and typically carries a grave prognosis. Bevacizumab has emerged as an effective standard therapy in the frontline management of advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Although bevacizumab is associated with @entity344 , it has not been shown to cause @entity99 . CASE: A 75-year-old @entity1 , diagnosed with metastatic @entity1149 , was treated with palliative chemotherapy consisting of @entity1311 , @entity3003 , and bevacizumab for six cycles. He continued on maintenance bevacizumab after that for a total of six doses, given every 3 weeks, with continued stable disease. During a surveillance CT scan 4 weeks after the last dose of bevacizumab, @entity99 was shown. CONCLUSION: This is the first case of @entity99 associated with bevacizumab therapy in a @entity1 with metastatic @entity1149 . The @entity99 may have been an early warning sign of impending bowel perforation, and bevacizumab was immediately discontinued, with @entity99 completely resolving on follow-up CT scan 2 weeks later. We recommend that bevacizumab therapy be immediately and permanently discontinued whenever @entity99 is observed, as this may help avoid a potentially catastrophic outcome.

title: Hepatic portal venous gas in a @entity1 with metastatic XXXX on bevacizumab therapy: a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal perforation']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['HPVG', 'hepatic portal venous gas']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antiplatelet agents are commonly used for @entity65 , but their pleiotropic effects in @entity3124 @entity1 are controversial. We therefore performed a meta-analysis of cohort studies to investigate the effect of antiplatelet therapy in the @entity3124 . METHODS: Nine cohort studies, retrieved from PubMed and Embase before November 2015, involving 14,612 @entity3124 @entity1 and 4765 cases of antiplatelet users, were meta-analysed. The main outcome was hospital or 30-day mortality. Secondary outcome was @entity649 ( @entity649 ) or @entity647 ( @entity647 ). Random- or fixed-effect models were taken for quantitative synthesis of the data. RESULTS: Antiplatelet therapy was associated with decreased mortality (odds ratio (OR) 0.61; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.52-0.71; I2 = 0%; P <0. 001) and @entity649 / @entity647 (OR 0.64; 95% CI, 0.50-0.82; I2 = 0%; P <0. 001). In every stratum of subgroups, similar findings on mortality reduction were consistently observed in @entity3124 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Antiplatelet therapy is associated with reduced mortality and lower incidence of @entity649 / @entity647 in @entity3124 @entity1 , particularly those with predisposing conditions such as high-risk surgery, @entity130 , @entity55 , and @entity295 . However, it remains unclear whether similar findings can be observed in the unselected and broad population with @entity3124 .

title: Effect of Antiplatelet Therapy on Acute @entity649 and Mortality in Critically Ill XXXX : A Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness', 'critically ill']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'ALI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Exposure of @entity19 to 50, 250, or 1000 ppmm of @entity7398 (VC) in the air for 6 h/d, 5 d/wk, caused a high incidence of @entity652 , @entity5 , and @entity5426 . @entity5 occurred in the females and included ductular @entity420 and @entity957 with @entity3 to the lung. @entity5426 occurred in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in various other organs. The incidence and severity of these @entity5 increased with the concentration of VC and the length of exposure. @entity706 involving various organs was observed in several @entity19 . @entity35 were more resistant to the carcinogenic effects of VC. Exposure of @entity35 to 250 or 1000 ppm of VC caused @entity5426 in the liver. Many @entity35 with @entity99 also developed @entity5426 in the lung. @entity5426 also occasionally occurred in other organs. Exposure to 55 ppm of @entity31795 (VDC) caused @entity99 and probably @entity652 in @entity19 . @entity5426 also occurred in the mesenteric lymph node or subcutaneous tissue in two @entity35 exposed to 55 ppm of VDC.

title: Carcinogenicity of @entity7398 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity7398 :: ('MESH:D014752', 'Chemical') :: ['vinyl chloride']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mammary gland tumors', 'Mammary gland tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous and anaplastic cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiosarcoma', 'Extrahepatic hemangiosarcoma', 'Hemangiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity31795 :: ('MESH:C029297', 'Chemical') :: ['vinylidene chloride']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['bronchioloalveolar adenoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic hemangiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity31795 :: (MESH:C029297,Chemical) :: ['vinylidene chloride']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4236 ( @entity4236 ) is a rare, aggressive @entity5 with no established treatment in @entity1 . We analyzed a series of pediatric @entity4236 @entity1 with the aim of improving our knowledge of this disease. METHODS: 9 @entity1 (6 males; age 0.9-18 years, median 9.9) were identified by searching the AIEOP (Italian Association of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology) registry and the national databases of rare @entity5 , soft @entity242 (STS) and @entity521 . The data on the cases included in STS treatment protocols were collected prospectively and histology was centrally reviewed; the data and histology concerning the other @entity1 were reviewed for the purpose of this analysis. RESULTS: All @entity5 occurred in the sinonasal region with @entity79 (7 @entity1 ) and intracranial (4) or intraorbital (4) extension. Three @entity1 were in Kadish stage B, and 6 in stage C. Complete @entity5 resection was very difficult to achieve, but adding chemotherapy and radiotherapy enabled @entity5 control in 8 @entity1 . Response to chemotherapy was evident in 5/7 evaluable cases. Radiotherapy (48.5-60 Gy) was delivered in all @entity1 but one, due to early disease progression. With a median follow-up of 13.4 years (range 9.2-22.9), 7 @entity1 are alive in 1st and one in 2nd complete remission. All surviving @entity1 developed treatment-related sequelae, the most frequent @entity4903 (4 @entity1 ) and @entity851 (4 @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm that @entity4236 in @entity1 has an aggressive presentation, but multimodal therapy can cure most @entity1 . Our results are encouraging but future strategies must optimize treatment in terms of survival and related morbidities.

title: XXXX in pediatric and adolescent age. A report from the TREP project in cooperation with the Italian @entity521 and Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committees.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial growth impairments']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['tissue sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4236 :: ('MESH:D018304', 'Disease') :: ['ENB', 'Esthesioneuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone erosion']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastomas']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['being endocrine dysfunctions']

answer: @entity4236 :: (MESH:D018304,Disease) :: ['Esthesioneuroblastoma']


abstract: We aimed to assess the effects of additional fusion on surgical interventions to the cervical spine for @entity1 with @entity4048 with or without @entity614 or @entity602 by performing a systematic review. The search strategy outlined by the Cochrane Back Review Group (CBRG) was followed. The primary search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL and PEDro up to June 2011. Only randomised, controlled trials of adults with @entity4048 that evaluated at least one clinically relevant primary outcome measure ( @entity158 , functional status, recovery) were included. Two authors independently assessed the risk of bias by using the criteria recommended by the CBRG and extracted the data. Data were pooled using a random effects model. The quality of the evidence was rated using the GRADE method. In total, 10 randomised, controlled trials were identified comparing additional fusion upon anterior decompression techniques, including 2 studies with a low risk of bias. Results revealed no clinically relevant differences in recovery: the pooled risk difference in the short-term follow-up was -0.06 (95% confidence interval -0.22 to 0.10) and -0.07 (95% confidence interval -0.14 to 0.00) in the long-term follow-up. Pooled risk differences for @entity158 and return to work all demonstrated no differences. There is no additional benefit of fusion techniques applied within an anterior discectomy procedure on @entity158 , recovery and return to work.

title: No additional value of fusion techniques on anterior discectomy for XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

answer: @entity4048 :: (MESH:D019547,Disease) :: ['neck pain']


abstract: The @entity1 was a 71-year-old @entity1 . Mammography revealed an irregularly shaped mass in the U area of her left breast. Ultrasonography revealed an irregularly shaped mass in the C area of her breast. The mass was 22 mm in diameter. Core-needle biopsy of the area led to a diagnosis of @entity513 . The lesion was negative for @entity172 receptor and @entity1420 receptor expression and positive for @entity1 @entity1722 protein expression. Distant @entity3 was not detected. Muscle-preserving mastectomy and lymph node dissection were performed. Eight months after the operation, multiple liver @entity3 were found. We attempted to treat these @entity3 with trastuzumab. However, an infusion reaction was recognized. Therefore, we attempted treatment with @entity9433 and @entity416 . This treatment was administered for 2 months without incident. After 2 months, @entity8566 was recognized. Then, we attempted treatment with @entity9433 alone. @entity9433 alone was effective against the multiple liver @entity3 . The @entity1 's condition has remained stable for 1 year after treatment.

title: [ XXXX is useful for metastatic breast cancer @entity1 who cannot be treated with trastuzumab-report of a case].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity9433 :: ('MESH:C490728', 'Chemical') :: ['lapatinib', 'Lapatinib']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor 2']

answer: @entity9433 :: (MESH:C490728,Chemical) :: ['Lapatinib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In order to improve the quality of care delivered to @entity1 and to enable @entity1 choice, public reports comparing hospital performances are routinely published. Robust systems of @entity580 ' on performance monitoring and evaluation are therefore crucial in medical decision-making processes. In particular, such systems should effectively account for and minimise systematic differences with regard to definitions and data quality, care and treatment quality, and 'case mix'. METHODS: Four methods for assessing hospital performance on mortality outcome measures were considered. The methods included combinations of Bayesian fixed- and random-effects models, and risk-adjusted mortality rate, and rank-based profiling techniques. The methods were empirically compared using 30-day mortality in @entity1 admitted with @entity1187 . Agreement was firstly assessed using median estimates between risk-adjusted mortality rates for a hospital and between ranks associated with a hospital's risk-adjusted mortality rates. Secondly, assessment of agreement was based on a classification of hospitals into low, normal or high performing using risk-adjusted mortality rates and ranks. RESULTS: There was poor agreement between the point estimates of risk-adjusted mortality rates, but better agreement between ranks. However, for categorised performance, the observed agreement between the methods' classification of the hospital performance ranged from 90 to 98%. In only two of the six possible pair-wise comparisons was agreement reasonable, as reflected by a Kappa statistic; it was 0.71 between the methods of identifying outliers with the fixed-effect model and 0.77 with the hierarchical model. In the remaining four pair-wise comparisons, the agreement was, at best, moderate. CONCLUSIONS: Even though the inconsistencies among the studied methods raise questions about which hospitals performed better or worse than others, it seems that the choice of the definition of outlying performance is less critical than that of the statistical approach. Therefore there is a need to find robust systems of 'regulation' or 'performance monitoring' that are meaningful to health service practitioners and providers.

title: Statistical profiling of hospital performance using XXXX mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ["hospital 'report cards"]

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']