abstract: PURPOSE: A phase II study to evaluate the response rate and @entity137 of a @entity35734 , @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ), and @entity4181 regimen in @entity1 with advanced incurable @entity14 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 with unresectable or metastatic @entity14 who had not been treated for advanced disease received the following chemotherapy regimen weekly for six courses every 8 weeks: @entity35734 110 mg/m2 intravenously (I.V.) on day 1, @entity4181 200 mg/m2 I.V. on day 2 (24 hours later), @entity1487 500 mg/m2 on day 2 immediately following @entity4181 , and oral @entity4181 15 mg every 6 hours for seven doses starting 6 hours after @entity1487 . @entity1 were treated until progression or unacceptable @entity137 . RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 were assessable for response, and all 36 were assessable for @entity137 . Two @entity1 (7%) achieved a complete response (CR) and 13 (43%) a partial response (PR), for an overall response (OR) rate of 50% (95% confidence interval [CI], 32% to 68%). Analysis by intent to treat demonstrated a 42% OR rate (95% CI, 26% to 58%). At final analysis, 16 @entity1 were alive. The median survival duration for the entire cohort was 53.4 weeks. @entity344 was most common, with 21 @entity1 (58%) having grade 3/4 @entity294 and 12 @entity1 (34%) grade 3/4 @entity390 . @entity1503 was generally low grade, although two @entity1 died of @entity295 . CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity35734 with @entity1487 and @entity4181 is active in metastatic @entity14 . @entity344 with this regimen is most prominent, but is manageable.

title: Phase II study of @entity35734 , XXXX , and @entity4181 for advanced @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity35734 :: ('MESH:D016597', 'Chemical') :: ['trimetrexate']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5FU', 'fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['fluorouracil']


abstract: AIMS: Persistence of left ventricular (LV) @entity299 after 6 months of diagnosis is believed to be a marker of an irreversible @entity296 in @entity296 ( @entity296 ). We sought to determine the length of time required for recovery of LV systolic function (LVSF) in @entity1 with @entity296 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-two consecutive @entity1 with @entity296 were enrolled in this prospective study. The minimum required time of follow-up for inclusion was 30 months. Each @entity1 underwent transthoracic echocardiography, and plasma @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) and @entity1851 measurement at admission, and every 3 months. Early recovery was defined as normalization of LVSF at 6 months post-diagnosis. Delayed recovery was defined if the length of time required for recovery of LVSF was longer than 6 months. @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) was defined as an ejection fraction of <50% at the end of follow-up. Twenty @entity1 (47.6%) recovered completely, 10 died (23.8%), and 12 (28.6%) had @entity1002 . Average time to complete recovery was 19.3 months after initial diagnosis (3-42 months). Early recovery was observed only in six @entity1 (30%), whereas delayed recovery was observed in 14 out of 20 @entity1 (70%). @entity1 with complete recovery were more likely to have a higher LV ejection fraction and smaller LV end-systolic dimensions at baseline. CONCLUSION: Full recovery of LVSF in @entity296 @entity1 often requires longer than 6 months.

title: Delayed recovery in XXXX : an indication for long-term follow-up and sustained therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'peripartum cardiomyopathy', 'PPCM']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['PLVD', 'Persistent left ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['peripartum cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Despite advances in medical therapy for @entity1 with @entity712 , morbidity and mortality remain high. @entity616 , such as @entity714 , @entity714 , and nonspecific conduction delay, are observed commonly in @entity1 with @entity384 . In @entity1 with @entity712 , the presence of @entity18893 is associated with more severe @entity339 and worsened left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, and is an independent risk factor for increased mortality. Conventional dual-chamber (right atrial and right ventricular) pacing with a short atrioventricular delay was initially introduced as therapy for @entity1 with advanced @entity712 to improve @entity67 and reduce @entity339 . The acute beneficial hemodynamic effects observed in early, uncontrolled studies were not confirmed in subsequent randomized, controlled studies with longer follow-up. Cardiac resynchronization with novel biventricular (left and right ventricular) pacing systems has resulted in hemodynamic and functional benefits in @entity1 with @entity712 and an underlying @entity18893 . Improvements in cardiac index, systolic blood pressure, and functional class have been reported with biventricular pacing, both acutely and at more than 1 year of follow-up. These encouraging preliminary results with biventricular pacing in @entity1 with @entity712 will be validated in two prospective, randomized, controlled trials, Multicenter InSync Randomized Clinical Evaluation (MIRACLE) and Comparison of Medical Therapy, Pacing, and @entity712 (COMPANION). These studies are designed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of biventricular pacing in improving exercise capacity and in reducing morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with advanced, symptomatic @entity712 . (c)2001 by CHF, Inc.

title: Cardiac resynchronization: a novel therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity18893 :: ('MESH:C535853', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular conduction delay']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'Defibrillation in Chronic Heart Failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block', 'left bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['Conduction abnormalities']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: This paper reports a study of 587 consecutive @entity1 treated for severe traumatic @entity75 ( @entity772 greater than 6 hours) during 1977-1984. Epidemiology, management and outcome were documented in 425 @entity1 during the first part of the study (1977-1982) as a basis for future efforts at improvements. A total of 70-80 @entity1 with severe @entity542 were admitted annually to the Department of Neurosurgery in Lund and 88.6% of these @entity1 were referred from 14 local hospitals, most of which are situated more than 50 km from Lund. Half of the @entity1 were older than 40 years and 25% older than 60. Focal intracranial mass lesions were diagnosed in 64% of the @entity1 . In the total study 41% of the @entity1 were described as 'talk and deteriorate' and 13% as 'talk and die'. In 1983 a protocol for primary management was introduced in all local hospitals in the region. The management protocol caused a significant decrease (p less than or equal to 0.05) in the number of explorative craniotomies in local hospitals and a virtual disappearance of late surgical procedures (greater than 6 hours after injury). A fall was observed in the number of @entity1 arriving at the Department of Neurosurgery with @entity1576 . The study illustrates the epidemiology of severe @entity542 in Sweden and the present state of management of these @entity1 in @entity3257 . It is concluded that an overall outcome comparable to other reported series is also feasible in regions with a relatively sparse population and large geographical distances provided that strict recommendations for initial management are given to the local hospitals.

title: Severe traumatic XXXX in Sweden. Part I: Aspects of management in non-neurosurgical clinics.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['non-neurosurgical departments']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain lesions']


abstract: The goal of this study was to examine the hypothesis that intravenous anesthetic induction agents alter neuroregulation of the cardiovascular system. Additional goals were to investigate this in an animal model devoid of other drug effects. Healthy mongrel @entity235 had arterial catheters inserted and pneumatic occluders positioned around the thoracic aorta and inferior vena cava. After 10 to 14 days of recovery, neurocirculatory control mechanisms were assessed in the absence of anesthesia by recording changes in the RR interval of the electrocardiogram in response to alterations in systolic arterial pressure. Systolic pressure was manipulated over a range of 65 to 200 mm Hg by random occlusion of either the inferior vena cava ( @entity551 ) or aortic ( @entity101 ) occluders. The animals were then given bolus doses of either thiopental (20 mg/kg), @entity3175 (2 mg/kg), @entity3652 (5 mg/kg), or @entity4671 (1.2 mg/kg) on separate days and in random order. The arterial pressure alterations were repeated 3, 10, and 20 minutes after the drugs were given. Regression curves were calculated expressing the slope relation between RR interval and systolic pressure at awake control and each time point after drug administration. The responses were compared with control by repeat measures analysis of variance. Thiopental significantly decreased this slope relation for 10 minutes. @entity3175 decreased this slope at 3 minutes only. @entity3652 , like thiopental, decreased this slope for 10 minutes. Following @entity4671 , the slopes were similar to control. We conclude that @entity4490 , @entity3175 , and @entity3652 impair neurocirculatory control capabilities. The effect of @entity3175 is only transient, whereas that of thiopental and @entity3652 is longer, and @entity4671 does not affect these reflexes.

title: Effect of anesthetic induction agents on cardiovascular neuroregulation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['Diazepam', 'diazepam']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopental']

entities_list: @entity4671 :: ('MESH:D005045', 'Chemical') :: ['etomidate']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: @entity1205 is being explored as an alternative to @entity1311 in the treatment of @entity43 for several reasons: a) evidence of superiority in preclinical models; b) at least comparable activity in @entity902 -refractory @entity1 (28% response rate in four pooled Phase II trials), together with activity (23% response rate) in @entity1311 -refractory @entity1 ; c) indirect evidence of superiority in @entity0 ; d) easier administration, i.e., 1 h q3 week schedule vs. 3 or 24 h infusions; and e) potentially superior @entity137 profile, particularly regarding @entity2359 . The Scottish Gynaecological Cancer Trials Group (SGCTG) has performed successive first-line feasibility trials of @entity1205 in combination with @entity900 (100 @entity1 ) and @entity3003 (141 @entity1 ). For @entity1205 / @entity3003 , a regimen of 75 mg/m2 and AUC 5 proved optimal. Over 90% of @entity1 completed six cycles, q3 weekly, and @entity137 was very acceptable; a low level of @entity2359 (5%) was particularly noteworthy, since levels of over 30% are regularly reported for @entity1311 - @entity3003 . Activity comparable to @entity1311 - @entity3003 (median progression free survival of 16 months) therefore justified a randomized comparison between the two regimens (with @entity1311 175 mg/m2 in 3 h and @entity3003 AUC 5). This has now been completed, with 1077 @entity1 (FIGO stage @entity66 ) randomized, from 83 centers in 10 countries. Accrual was accomplished in 17 months (October 1998 to May 2000). A @entity137 analysis has been completed, since the last @entity1 finished treatment in October 2000. Treatment was delivered as prescribed (6 cycles) in a similar number of @entity1 (79-84%). Significant differences in @entity137 were seen, and this analysis together with response data is scheduled for presentation at the May 2001 ASCO meeting.

title: The integration of XXXX into first-line chemotherapy for @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['IC-IV disease']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['Docetaxel', 'docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical therapy for @entity1823 ( @entity1823 ) of the head and neck is, due to the alternatives of radiation therapy and wait-and-scan strategy and because of postoperative morbidity, under ongoing discussion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1981 and 2004, 79 @entity1 with 94 @entity1823 of the head and neck were treated at our department. These @entity1 had follow-up examination within a clinical trial considering @entity5 control, functional results and for the first time neuropsychologically evaluated postoperative quality of life. Mean follow-up time was 65 months (1 to 228 months). RESULTS: Among the 94 @entity1823 there were 19 carotid body ( @entity42231 ), 12 @entity129 (JTP). Of these, 87 @entity5 underwent surgery. In 68 @entity1 (78.1 %), the @entity5 could be removed completely. In particular, complete resection of @entity42231 was achieved in 100 %, of GVP in 90.9 %, of JTP type A in 100 %, of JTP type B in 83.3 %, of JTP type C in 66.6 % and of JTP type D in 61.5 %. During the follow-up period, residual or recurrent @entity5 were diagnosed in 17 @entity1 (19.5 %). Six of the seven residual @entity1823 were observed by magnetic resonance tomography and did not show growth. One residual @entity1823 and 6 recurrencies were resected completely. One recurrent @entity5 was radiated and 3 others are under observation without showing growth tendencies. Two @entity1 died postoperatively due to borderline operations of extended @entity5 . The quality of life after @entity1823 surgery showed a SIP of 4.8, which is comparably much better than after @entity5513 surgery (SIP 10.3). CONCLUSION: Whereas @entity5 resection of @entity42231 and JTP types A and B is almost ever possible without @entity129 , surgery of GVP and advanced JTP causes often severe functional deficits. However, postoperative quality of life is mostly good. Nevertheless, advanced @entity1823 require an individualized therapeutic regime also including radiation and observation of @entity5 growth.

title: [ XXXX of the head and neck--tumor control, functional results and quality of life].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['vagal nerve (GVP) and 63 jugular-tympanal paragangliomas', 'cranial nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuroma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'complete tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['PG', 'paragangliomas']

answer: @entity1823 :: (MESH:D010235,Disease) :: ['Paraganglioma']


abstract: Single dose @entity137 studies of suplatast tosilate (IPD-1151T) were carried out in @entity19 , @entity35 and @entity235 of both sexes. The results were as follows: 1. The LD50 values of IPD-1151T were as follows: @entity19 , 12,500 (both sexes) mg/kg or more in oral route (maximum dose for technical manner); @entity19 81 (male) and 96 (female) mg/kg in intravenous route; @entity35 , 10,000 (both sexes) mg/kg or more in oral route (maximum dose for technical manner); @entity35 , 96 (male) and 93 (female) mg/kg in intravenous route; @entity235 , 2,124 (male) and 2,660 (female) mg/kg in oral route. On the LD50 values, no sexual difference was apparent in all species, but the species difference was noted between the rodent and @entity235 . LD50 values of @entity235 were lower level than those of rodent. 2. As toxic signs, @entity9358 with specific smell was noted in orally administered rodent. In addition, @entity35 showed soiled fur in the perianal. In intravenous route, the rodent showed @entity1353 , tonic @entity410 and lateral position and @entity204 occurred within 10 min in @entity19 and within 30 min in @entity35 after administration. @entity235 showed toxic signs similar to those in rodents and @entity204 occurred within 3 hours. 3. In pathological examinations, dead @entity19 and @entity235 administered orally showed @entity358 , liver fading or slight @entity548 in the endo-and/or exocardium. Dead rodent administered intravenously showed only slight @entity548 and congestion in the lung. Alive @entity19 , @entity35 and @entity235 showed no remarkable changes. 4. The main cause of @entity204 seemed to be respiratory disturbance in all species.

title: [Single dose XXXX studies of suplatast tosilate (IPD-1151T)].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung congestion']

entities_list: @entity9358 :: ('MESH:D009078', 'Disease') :: ['mucous diarrhea']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate efficacy and safety of the hysteroscopic cannulation by flexible catheter of the fallopian tubes for gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT). DESIGN: We studied the pregnancy rate (PR) and the safety of this new technique. SETTING: All @entity1 were enlisted for GIFT at our Reproductive Medicine Unit. @entity1 : We treated 26 @entity1 whose @entity249 causes were terminal tubal damage, male factors, unexplained factors, and @entity46 . @entity1 with uterine tubal ostia unsuitable for gamete transfer or cervical @entity322 were not included in the group. INTERVENTIONS: The @entity1 underwent ovulation induction and oocyte retrieval by transvaginal ultrasonically guided puncture. The gamete transfers were carried out by hysteroscopic procedure using a flexible catheter put through the operating channel. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The efficacy was evaluated by the PR (25.9%). RESULTS: Seven clinical pregnancies were obtained, but two @entity1 aborted during the first weeks of pregnancy. No ectopic pregnancies were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that hysteroscopic GIFT is an alternative, safe, effective, and not invasive technique for fertility problems.

title: Gamete intrafallopian transfer by hysteroscopy as an alternative treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: PURPOSE: The prognosis for @entity9910 @entity1 is mixed, and there is need for new prognostic factors to be incorporated into a revision of @entity320 TNM staging. We analyzed the possible role of the timing of lymph node involvement as an important prognostic factor. METHODS: Among 249 @entity320 @entity1 who underwent ilioinguinal lymphadenectomy, a group of 185 @entity1 with a thick (>4mm) @entity320 and full clinical data available was analyzed. The mean depth of invasion was 5.85 mm; the @entity5 was ulcerated in 67 cases (36.2%); and Clark V was diagnosed in 82 @entity1 (44.3%). The median interval between primary excision and the time of lymphadenectomy was 11.1 months. RESULTS: Recurrent disease was reported in 150 of 185 @entity1 . The first sites of recurrence were the skin in 15.7%, lymph nodes in 13.5%, and distant @entity3 in 28.7%; the remaining 43 @entity1 (23.2%) had multifocal recurrences. In all, 35 @entity1 (18.9%) were disease-free. @entity13425 @entity3 (positive iliac and negative inguinal lymph nodes) were found in 26 @entity1 (14%). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that only the time between the first surgery and lymphadenectomy and the number of involved nodes were significant predictors of survival. Relative risk of @entity204 was 5.2 times higher for @entity1 who had simultaneously undergone lymphadenectomy (compared to lymph dissection performed >1 year after primary excision) and about 2.7 times higher for those with more regionally advanced disease ( @entity8603 vs. @entity3121 ). CONCLUSIONS: The long disease-free interval before the development of lymph node @entity3 and before node dissection is a favorable prognostic factor independent of other well known parameters.

title: Stage III thick (>4.0 mm) lower extremity XXXX : is timing of lymph node involvement a prognostic factor?

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity9910 :: ('MESH:C563985', 'Disease') :: ['stage III melanoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Any new diagnostic test should follow a pathway similar to that of a new drug, from initial studies in highly selected populations under strictly controlled conditions, up to large scale multicenter trials more likely to represent the true performance of the test in the clinical arena. AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the capability of prognostic stratification of high dose (up to 0.84 mg/kg over 10') @entity4341 -echocardiography test (DET) early after an acute @entity583 in a "phase IV" study, based upon 11 different echocardiographic laboratories, all with established experience in stress echo and fulfilling quality control requirements for stress echo readings. STUDY POPULATION: Nine-hundred twenty five @entity1 were evaluated after a mean of 10 days from an acute @entity583 and followed up for a mean of 14 months. RESULTS: During DET, one major adverse reaction occurred, consisting of a prolonged @entity63 resistant to @entity3416 and @entity3362 , and progressing to small uncomplicated reinfarction. In 11 @entity1 the lower @entity4341 dose (0.56 mg/kg over 4') gave limiting side effects. @entity1 were followed up for 14 +/- 9.9 months (range = 1.53). During the follow-up, there were 34 deaths and 37 non-fatal @entity583 ; 104 @entity1 developed class III or IV @entity951 , and 149 had coronary revascularization procedures (bypass or angioplasty). Considering all spontaneous events ( @entity951 , reinfarction and @entity204 ), the most important univariate predictor was the result of @entity2471 (chi-square = 45.8). With a Cox analysis, echocardiographic positivity, age and sex were found to have an independent and additive value. Considering survival (and therefore @entity204 as the only event) age was the most meaningful parameter, followed by the Wall Motion Score Index during @entity4341 (chi-square = 12.1); among other parameters, the resting Wall Motion Score Index was a significant predictor of @entity204 . By Cox analysis, age (relative risk estimate = 1.02) and Wall Motion Score Index during @entity4341 (relative risk estimate = 14) showed an independent and additional prognostic value. In particular, considering @entity204 only, the event rate was of 2% in @entity1 with negative DET, 4% in @entity1 with high dose positive DET and 7% in @entity1 with low dose positive DET. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4341 echocardiography is feasible and safe early after uncomplicated @entity583 and allows an effective risk stratification on the basis of the presence, severity, extent and timing of the induced dyssynergy. In particular, the risk of @entity204 doubles in @entity1 with high dose positivity and almost quadruples in @entity1 with low dose positivity.

title: [Prognostic value of the XXXX -echocardiography test immediately after a non-complicated @entity583 : a large scale multicenter study. Echo @entity4341 Italian Cooperative Study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3416 :: ('MESH:D000628', 'Chemical') :: ['aminophylline']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole', 'Dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions', 'myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity4341 :: (MESH:D004176,Chemical) :: ['dipyridamole']


abstract: After a 36-week diamniotic dichorionic gestation, an @entity1 was delivered by elective caesarean section due to growth restriction and altered diastolic flow in the umbilical artery. Birth weight was 2140 g. The @entity1 was admitted for exclusive parenteral nutrition, with umbilical venous catheter placement. @entity7129 and temperature instability with positive inflammatory markers occurred at 51 h. @entity114 and @entity801 were started, but 6 h later @entity326 with disseminated @entity5642 was noted. @entity2176 and @entity2889 were started and @entity114 suspended. @entity15126 was isolated from blood culture. Generalised clonic @entity410 occurred on day 4, and an electroencephalogram revealed severe encephalic dysfunction. Cerebrospinal fluid cytochemical analysis was suggestive of @entity693 , although culture was negative. @entity3524 was added to the drug regimen. Cranioencephalic MR showed a temporal abscess and diffuse hemispheric destruction, with no indications for neurosurgery. After 6 weeks of therapy, neuroimaging follow-up showed multiloculated cystic @entity9872 . Currently, the @entity1 is 14 months old with @entity2421 and @entity717 . The source of infection has not been determined. @entity580 cannot be excluded and vertical transmission is unlikely.

title: Sepsis, @entity693 and cerebral abscesses caused by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['Vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['Penicillin', 'penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['axial hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity15126 :: ('545', 'Species') :: ['Citrobacter koseri']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['Nosocomial infection']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['decreased movements']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['Sinus tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity9872 :: ('MESH:D004678', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomalacia']

answer: @entity15126 :: (545,Species) :: ['Citrobacter koseri']


abstract: Plasma levels of @entity6421 were determined in @entity1 with different clinical stages of @entity731 . Non-hospitalized @entity1 with @entity731 had serum and plasma @entity6421 levels within the normal range of the assay (6 +/- 2 nM). These values were not significantly different from those reported for healthy blood donors (5 +/- 2 nM). In contrast, about 50% (29 out of 61) of hospitalized @entity1 undergoing conservative or surgical therapy had @entity6421 plasma levels, which exceeded the normal range (greater than 10 nM) up to 10-fold. The two groups differ on a significance level of P less than 0.01. For further evaluation hospitalized @entity1 were subgrouped according to @entity6421 levels. In the subgroup with elevated @entity6421 levels @entity1 with higher Frederickson types of @entity731 were overrepresented compared to @entity1 with normal @entity6421 levels. Type 4 differed significantly from @entity1 without pathological changes of lipoprotein (P less than 0.05). Only 3 @entity1 suffered from minimal @entity39 , two of them had elevated @entity6421 levels. Significantly more @entity1 with peripheral @entity432 had elevated @entity6421 levels than @entity1 with occlusions of central arteries (P less than 0.05). All other criteria used for comparison (sex, age, smoking, antioxidant status, @entity6 , @entity101 , adipositas, @entity5052 ) did not vary significantly in both subgroups. These data indicate that @entity6421 plasma levels might be a valuable parameter in activity staging and therapeutic follow up of @entity731 @entity1 . Additionally, an involvement of the nonspecific immune system in atherogenesis is suggested by the increased plasma @entity6421 concentrations.

title: Elevated serum @entity6421 levels in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6421 :: ('MESH:D019798', 'Chemical') :: ['neopterin']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['skin necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusions']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the implementation of antenatal screening for @entity1467 in practice, using individual risk estimates based on maternal age and the three serum markers: alpha fetoprotein, unconjugated @entity10586 , and @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin. DESIGN: Demonstration project of @entity1467 screening; @entity1 with a risk estimate at term of 1 in 250 or greater were classified as "screen positive" and offered diagnostic amniocentesis. SETTING: Hospital and community antenatal clinics in four health districts in London. SUBJECTS: 12,603 @entity1 of all ages with singleton pregnancies seen between February 1989 and the end of May 1991, with follow up of the outcome of pregnancy completed to the end of 1991. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Uptake of screening, detection rate for @entity1467 , false positive rate, odds of being affected given a positive result, and uptake of amniocentesis in @entity1 with positive screening results, together with the costs of the screening programme. RESULTS: The uptake of screening was 74%. The detection rate was 48% (12/25), and the false positive rate was 4.1%, consistent with results expected from previous work based on observational studies. There was a loss of detection due to the selective use of ultrasound scans among @entity1 with positive screening results. One affected pregnancy occurred among 205 reclassified as negative; this illustrated the danger of false negatives occurring in this group and lends weight to the view that if an ultrasound estimate of gestational age is used it should be carried out routinely on all @entity1 rather than selectively among those with positive results. The estimated cost of avoiding the birth of a baby with @entity1467 was about 38,000 pounds, substantially less than the lifetime costs of care. CONCLUSION: Antenatal maternal serum screening for @entity1467 is effective in practice and can be readily integrated into routine antenatal care. It is cost effective and performs better than selection for amniocentesis on the basis of maternal age alone.

title: Antenatal maternal serum screening for XXXX : results of a demonstration project.

entities_list: @entity10586 :: ('CHEBI:27974', 'Chemical') :: ['oestriol']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome"]

answer: @entity1467 :: (MESH:D004314,Disease) :: ['Down's syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to detect differences in @entity393 with a hypocaloric diet in @entity28 @entity1 depending on their glycaemic status. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A population of 76 @entity28 outpatients was analysed in a prospective way. The following variables were specifically recorded at basal time and after 3 months of hypocaloric diet (1200 kcal/day): weight, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio. Basal @entity413 , insulin, @entity2002 , @entity701 , @entity1851 , total @entity165 , LDL @entity165 , HDL @entity165 and @entity1674 blood levels were measured. HOMA was calculated. An indirect calorimetry, tetrapolar electrical bioimpedance and a serial assessment of nutritional intake with 3 days written food records were performed. RESULTS: The mean age was 46.9 +/- 17.1 years and the mean BMI 34.6 +/- 5.3. All subjects were weight stable during the 2 weeks period preceding the study (body weight change, 0.3 +/- 0.1 kg). Anthropometric measurements showed an average waist circumference (108.7 +/- 15.7 cm), waist-to-hip ratio (0.93 +/- 0.11), and average weight (88.7 +/- 16.9 kg). Bipolar body electrical bioimpedance showed a fat mass of 37 +/- 12.3 kg. Indirect calorimetry showed a resting metabolic rate (RMR) (1674.3 +/- 392 kcal/day). @entity1 were divided in to two groups by glycaemic status (group I: normal glycaemic metabolism, fasting @entity413 levels <109 mg/dl; n = 50) and (group II: impaired glycaemic metabolism, fasting @entity413 levels >110 mg/dl, n = 26). Waist circumference (I: 108 +/- 17.1cm vs. 104.6 +/- 16.7 cm; P < 0.05) and (II: 113.6 +/- 9.8 cm vs. 110.9 +/- 8.9 cm; P < 0.05), weight (I: 90.6 +/- 19.2 kg vs. 86.3 +/- 18.6 kg:P < 0.05) and (II: 89.2 +/- 11.3 kg vs. 86.4 +/- 11.6 kg: P < 0.05) and BMI (I: 34.2 +/- 5.6 vs. 33.7 +/- 5.5; P < 0.05) and (II: 34.8 +/- 4.2 vs. 34.2 +/- 4.6; P < 0.05) improved in both groups with hypocaloric diet. Blood systolic pressure, total @entity165 and LDL @entity165 improved in both groups, without statistical differences. In group II improved @entity413 levels and HOMA index, too. @entity1 of group II had higher systolic blood pressure, @entity413 , total @entity165 , LDL @entity165 , @entity1674 , lipoprotein (a), @entity11663 levels and HOMA index than @entity1 in group I. ANOVA analysis did not show differences among @entity353 in tertiles of HOMA and @entity413 . CONCLUSION: Ability to lose weight on a hypocaloric diet over a 3-month time period does not vary in @entity28 @entity1 as a function of glycaemic status. Improvement in cardiovascular risk factors is not related with glycaemic status, too.

title: Differences in glycaemic status do not predict @entity353 in response to hypocaloric diets in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['weigth loss']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['c-reactive protein']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: The @entity1222 ( @entity1222 ) in @entity1 is relatively rare and the long-term analysis of therapy results has not been done yet in Hungary. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, clinical features, prognostic risk factors, and treatment results of @entity1 's @entity1222 in Hungary in a 20-year period. @entity1 less than 18 years of age with newly diagnosed @entity1222 in Hungary were entered in this study. Clinical data of all @entity1 with @entity1222 were reported to the National Childhood Cancer Registry in Hungary from 1981 to 2000. The clinical files were collected and abstracted for information regarding age at diagnosis, gender, disease characteristics, treatment, and outcome of treatment. Median follow-up duration of surviving @entity1 is 10.98 years. Between January 1981 and December 2000, 111 @entity1 under 18 years of age were newly diagnosed with @entity1222 in Hungary. The annual incidence of @entity1222 in @entity1 younger than 18 years of age was 2.24/million @entity1 . The male-female ratio was 1.36:1; the mean age was 4 years 11 months. Thirty-eight @entity1 had localized disease and in 73 cases systemic dissemination was found already at the time of diagnosis. Twenty-two @entity1 were treated only by local surgery, 7 by surgery with local irradiation, and 5 @entity1 got only local irradiation. In 2 cases remission was achieved with local @entity134 administration. Seventy-five @entity1 received chemotherapy. In the 20 years of the study 14 @entity1 died, 9 due to the progression of the disease. Sixteen @entity1 had relapse with a mean of 2.16 +/- 1.29 years after the first diagnosis. Three @entity1 with relapse got chemotherapy generally used in lymphoma and remission was achieved. The overall survival of all @entity1 (n = 111) was 88.3 +/- 3.1% at 5 years and 87.3 +/- 3.2% at 10 and 20 years. Childhood @entity1222 is a well-treatable disease and the survival rate is high. Even disseminated diseases have a quite good prognosis in childhood.

title: Hungarian experience with XXXX in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1222 :: ('MESH:D006646', 'Disease') :: ['Langerhans cell histiocytosis', 'LCH']

answer: @entity1222 :: (MESH:D006646,Disease) :: ['Langerhans cell histiocytosis']


abstract: Sexual selection is an influential agent of evolution, often shaping the sex ratio, @entity458 ( @entity458 ), and genital size in animals. To explore its effects in ectoparasites, we quantified @entity458 and male genital size in relation to intensity and sex ratio across subpopulations of Philopterus coarctatus, a philopterid louse of the great grey shrike. @entity458 was calculated separately for the width and length of the head and abdomen. Presuming that sexual selection affects the evolution of avian lice, we would expect that @entity277 intensities should covary with sex ratio, relative male size, and relative male genital size, either positively or negatively depending upon presumptions. Contrary to former studies, there was a weak negative relationship between @entity277 intensity and sex ratio. The relative width of male abdomens exhibited a highly significant negative interaction with the intensity of @entity277 . In contrast, sex ratio did not predict any of the dimorphism measures. Similarly, male genital size did not covary with the intensity of @entity277 or sex ratios. These findings may indicate that intensity covaries positively with levels of inbreeding in this species, suggesting that more-inbred subpopulations, wasting less energy for sexual rivalry, can multiply more intensively. Thus, small subpopulations have more frequent males which also possess larger abdomens. Alternatively, however, the same pattern may also arise due to male-biased starvation in overcrowded habitats; thus, males are rarer and have smaller abdomens in larger infrapopulations.

title: Demographic correlates of XXXX and male genital size in the lice Philopterus coarctatus.

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['SSD', 'sexual size dimorphism']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['infestations', 'infestation']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['sexual size dimorphism']


abstract: In @entity6844 cells, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are activated during @entity268 -induced melanogenesis (Englaro, W., Rezzonico, R., Durand-Cl  ment, M., Lallemand, D., Ortonne, J. P., and Ballotti, R. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 24315-24320). To establish the role of the MAP kinases in melanogenesis, we studied the effects of a specific @entity8047 ( @entity8047 ) inhibitor @entity4286 on different melanogenic parameters. We showed that @entity4286 inhibits the activation of MAP kinase @entity3963 by @entity268 , but does not impair the effects of @entity268 either on the morphological differentiation, characterized by an increase in dendrite outgrowth, or on the up-regulation of @entity11442 that is the key enzyme in melanogenesis. On the contrary, @entity4286 promotes by itself cell dendricity and increases the @entity11442 amount and activity. Moreover, down-regulation of the MAP kinase pathway by @entity4286 , or with dominant negative mutants of @entity3544 (ras) and @entity8047 , triggers a stimulation of the @entity11442 promoter activity and enhances the effect of @entity268 on this parameter. Conversely, activation of the MAP kinase pathway, using constitutive active mutants of @entity3544 (ras) and @entity8047 , leads to an inhibition of basal and @entity268 -induced @entity11442 gene transcription. These results demonstrate that the MAP kinase pathway activation is not required for @entity268 -induced melanogenesis. Furthermore, the inhibition of this pathway induces @entity6844 cell differentiation, while a sustained activation impairs the melanogenic effect of @entity268 -elevating agents.

title: Inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway triggers XXXX cell differentiation.

entities_list: @entity8047 :: ('5609', 'Gene') :: ['MAP kinase kinase', 'MEK']

entities_list: @entity3963 :: ('5594', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1']

answer: @entity6844 :: (MESH:D008546,Disease) :: ['B16 melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent experiments have documented the importance of beta-adrenergic regulation of the force-frequency relation (FFR) in the normal and failing heart. As in isolated @entity1 cardiac muscle, a descending limb of the FFR occurs at high frequencies in the intact @entity95 heart, and therefore a new model of atrial pacing-induced @entity712 was developed in the @entity95 . Responses of the FFR to beta-adrenergic stimulation were then assessed in the conscious state before and after the induction of @entity712 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Rapid atrial pacing for an average of 19.5 days in instrumented @entity95 produced severe @entity5988 with @entity998 (echocardiography) and @entity308 myocardial contractility and relaxation rate (left ventricular dP/dt, catheter-tip micromanometer), associated with reductions in beta-adrenergic receptor density and adenylyl cyclase activity. Before @entity712 , heart rate was slowed in the conscious animal from 280 +/- 30 (SD) to about 225 beats/min using a sinus node inhibitor ( @entity47697 ), and heart rate was then increased in steps by atrial pacing from 250 to 450 beats/min; the heart rate-versus-left ventricular dP/dtmax (FFR) response showed an ascending response (increasing contractility), with a descending limb at rates greater than 375 beats/min, and @entity452 infusion amplified the ascending limb of the FFR ( @entity101 ) and attenuated the descending limb. In @entity712 the basal FFR was severely @entity308 with a descending limb over 350 beats/min; @entity452 shifted the FFR upward somewhat without change in the slope of the ascending limb, whereas @entity452 prevented the descending limb of the FFR. Similar responses were observed in the relations between heart rate and cardiac output. CONCLUSIONS: A new model of @entity712 in the conscious @entity95 was developed using rapid atrial pacing and applied to study force-frequency effects. In @entity712 , normal beta-adrenergic amplification of the ascending limb of the FFR by @entity452 was absent, but a marked descending limb of the FFR at higher heart rates was prevented by @entity452 . Observed reductions in components of the beta-adrenergic receptor system likely were responsible for impaired beta-adrenergic FFR amplification, but the mechanism(s) for the descending limb and its correction by @entity452 are not yet established. These responses of the FFR may influence importantly the ability of the failing heart to respond to exercise and stress.

title: Force-frequency relations in the failing XXXX heart and responses to adrenergic stimulation.

entities_list: @entity47697 :: ('MESH:C043636', 'Chemical') :: ['zatebradine']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dilation']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['reduced cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased slope']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: The treatment recommendations for intracystic @entity548 in @entity9007 are various. We have used a defined treatment protocol in these difficult cases. The experiences gained are reported here. @entity1 with clinical signs of ongoing @entity548 and with hemorrhagic @entity9007 in ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) were studied with urgent angiography. @entity1 showing a @entity2849 were treated with immediate embolization and delayed elective surgery whenever candidates for surgery. During a 5-year period 10 @entity1 were treated according to the protocol. @entity2849 was demonstrated and subsequent embolization performed in six. Angiography was negative in four @entity1 . During the study period two additional @entity1 were treated conservatively without angiography because the @entity548 had stopped 2 weeks prior to the referral to our institution. Two @entity1 were electively operated on and the remaining 10 @entity1 were treated conservatively. Fever and elevated transaminases developed in one of the six @entity1 after the embolotherapy. One of the four embolized @entity1 who were not operated on developed @entity281 4 months after the embolization. One of the 10 conservatively treated @entity1 died (1/10 = 10%; total mortality, 1/12 = 8%) during the follow-up for @entity281 complications of @entity788 2 months after the initial @entity548 . Another conservatively treated @entity1 with negative angiography had recurrent @entity548 during the follow-up but could not be operated on due to severe @entity1575 . In the remaining eight @entity1 @entity9007 resolved during the 3-month to 3.5-year follow-up as confirmed by CT. The low rates of mortality and rebleeding support a fairly conservative approach for hemorrhagic @entity9007 .

title: Intracystic XXXX in @entity9007 : initial experiences of a treatment protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocyst infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts', 'pancreatic pseudocyst', 'pancreatic pseudocysts']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudoaneurysm', 'pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) may be useful for delivering exogenous gene products to the diseased CNS. When NSCs are transplanted into the developing @entity19 brain, they can migrate extensively and differentiate into cells appropriate to the sites of engraftment, in response to the normal signals directing endogenous cells to their appropriate fates. Much of the prior work on NSC migration in the adult brain has examined directed migration within or toward focal areas of injury such as @entity63 , @entity1313 , or @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ) lesions. However, treatment of many @entity74 that affect the CNS will require widespread dissemination of the donor cells in the postnatal brain, because the lesions are typically distributed globally. We therefore tested the ability of NSCs to migrate in the unlesioned adult @entity19 brain after stereotaxic transplantation into several structures including the cortex and hippocampus. NSC engraftment was monitored in live animals by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after superparamagnetic @entity1933 (SPIO) labeling of cells. Histological studies demonstrated that the cells engrafted in significantly different patterns within different regions of the brain. In the cerebral cortex, donor cells migrated in all directions from the injection site. The cells maintained an immature phenotype and cortical migration was enhanced by trypsin treatment of the cells, indicating a role for cell surface proteins. In the hippocampus, overall cell survival and migration were lower but there was evidence of neuronal differentiation. In the thalamus, the transplanted cells remained in a consolidated mass at the site of injection. These variations in pattern of engraftment should be taken into account when designing treatment approaches in nonlesion models of @entity16 .

title: Structure-specific patterns of neural stem cell engraftment after transplantation in the adult XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disease']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorders']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess long term stent implantation efficacy of @entity296 and severe @entity731 lesions in the segments proximal to the @entity296 . METHODS: The study population consisted of 3 groups (103 @entity1 ). Group A included 28 @entity1 with severe @entity731 lesion of luminal narrowing of > or = 70% in the segments proximal to the @entity296 . Group B included 16 @entity1 with symptomatic @entity296 of systolic luminal narrowing of > or = 95%. Group C included 59 @entity1 with severe @entity731 of luminal narrowing of > or = 70%. All lesions were successfully treated with stent by standard interventional techniques. Quantitative coronary angiography was performed before and immediately after stent deployment. Follow-up Quantitative coronary angiography was performed at six months or later. Clinical evaluation was done at 20 months after PCI. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in luminal diameter and stent diameter among 3 groups immediately after stent implantation (P > 0.05). At six months, @entity256 occurred in 4 @entity1 in Group A (14.3%), in 7 @entity1 in Group B (43.7%), and in 8 @entity1 in Group C (14.8%), respectively. The rate of @entity256 was significantly lower in group A and C than in group B (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between group A and C. Additional balloon dilating of stent were performed in all @entity256 @entity1 . Clinical evaluation at 20 months showed that all @entity1 remained free of @entity951 and @entity299 . CONCLUSION: The efficacy of intracoronary stent implantation in treating severe @entity731 lesion in the segments proximal to the @entity296 is not affected by abnormal haemodynamic changes of myocardial bridges. The rate of @entity256 in intracoronary stent implantation of myocardial bridges is higher than that of @entity731 in the segments proximal to @entity296 .

title: [The evaluation on stent implantation efficacy of XXXX and severe @entity731 lesions in the segments proximal to the @entity296 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial bridge', 'myocardial bridge lesion']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesion', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial bridge']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate whether subcutaneous buffered @entity3303 (SQBL) significantly reduces the @entity158 or adversely affects the success rate of i.v. cannulation (IVC) in adult @entity2613 @entity1 . METHODS: A convenience sample of @entity1 > or=18 years old requiring IVC in a regional military @entity2613 were prospectively randomized to receive SQBL, SQ normal saline with 0.9% @entity7471 (SQNS), or no pretreatment (NPTx), prior to IVC with an 18-gauge angiocatheter. SQ infiltration was accomplished using a 27-gauge insulin syringe. Investigators and @entity1 were blinded to SQBL and SQNS in the pretreatment groups. The number of attempts at IVC was recorded for each @entity1 . A 100-mm visual analog @entity158 scale (VAPS) was used to record @entity158 scores for both SQ infiltration and IVC. Comparisons of the mean numbers of attempts to achieve IVC and of the VAPS scores were accomplished by analysis of variance followed by Duncan's multiple range test if significance was found. RESULTS: A total of 103 @entity1 (SQBL-34, SQNS-30, and NPTx-39) were enrolled between November 15, 1996, and June 13, 1997. There were no significant differences among the groups in either the mean number of attempts (SQBL=1.35, 95% CI+/-0.260; SQNS=1.13, 95% CI +/-0.124; and @entity11915 .28, 95% CI+/-0.203) (p= 0.367) or the success rate on the first attempt (SQBL =79.4%, SQNS=86.7%, NPTx=79.5%) (p=0.533). The median VAPS score of IVC without pretreatment (21 mm, 95% CI+/-7.97) was greater than that for SQBL infiltration alone (10 mm, 95% CI+/-9.11), SQNS infiltration alone (9 mm, 95% CI+/-7.37), and IVC after SQBL (6 mm, 95% CI+/-9.18) (p < 0.009 for each group). SQNS infiltration had no significant effect on the VAPS score of subsequent IVC (20 mm, 95% CI+/-10.5) compared with IVC without pretreatment (21 mm). CONCLUSIONS: SQBL significantly reduced the @entity158 , while not adversely affecting the success rate, of IVC in adult @entity1 in the @entity2613 .

title: Subcutaneous buffered XXXX for intravenous cannulation: is there a role in emergency medicine?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7471 :: ('MESH:D019905', 'Chemical') :: ['benzyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: @entity101 , especially if associated with @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ), is a risk factor in complex @entity943 ( @entity943 ) and @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ). To determine the effectiveness of the clinical use of programmed ventricular stimulation (PVS) we studied 40 symptomatic @entity101 @entity1 after excluding @entity301 ( @entity301 ), as characterized by dizziness and palpitation, @entity1163 , aborted @entity1164 and/or documented complex @entity943 . PVS revealed a normal result, i.e. a maximum of six ventricular echobeats, in 70% (group A) and a pathological result, i.e. @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) or fibrillation (VF) in 30% (group B). Both groups differed significantly with respect to LV (left ventricular) muscle mass: 158 +/- 45 (A) vs. 222 +/- 112 (B) g.m-2, @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ): 71 +/- 17% (A) vs. 47 +/- 18% (B) and LV end-systolic volume index: 34 +/- 25 (A) vs. 63 +/- 27 (B) ml.m-2. Coronary reserve was comparably reduced in both groups: 2.6 +/- 1.0 (A) vs. 2.3 +/- 0.6 (B). In 3/8 (37%) @entity1 with aborted @entity1164 and @entity1165 /VF the clinical @entity943 (2/2 @entity1165 and 1/6 VF) could be induced, whereas in the remaining five @entity1 nsVT or no complex @entity943 was induced. The therapeutic regimen included no drugs in 30%, beta-blockers in 50%, serial drug testing in 12% and implantation of an @entity10804 ( @entity10804 ) in 8% of @entity1 . Ventricular late potentials (LPs), detected by the signal averaging electrocardiogram, represent zones of delayed myocardial activation, which may become an origin of @entity1165 . Three criteria constitute a positive LP: (1) QRS duration greater than 114 ms, (2) root mean square voltage of the last 40 ms less than 20 microV and (3) duration of low amplitude signal below 40 microV greater than 38 ms. To look for the prognostic value of LP in @entity101 we investigated 43 @entity101 @entity1 without evidence of @entity301 . All three criteria were positive in 4/43 @entity1 (9%), three of them demonstrating inducible monomorphic @entity1165 during PVS. 17/30 @entity1 (56%) with @entity4346 had at least one positive criterion, whereas only one out of 13 @entity1 without @entity4346 (8%) had one positive criterion. Symptomatic @entity1 presenting with @entity1163 , aborted @entity1164 or documented @entity1165 /VF differed significantly from @entity1 without symptoms or complex @entity943 in regard to all three criteria. CONCLUSION: In @entity101 @entity299 clinical @entity943 as well as the result of electrophysiological testing are closely related to left ventricular performance and @entity1184 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Electrophysiological and therapeutic implications of XXXX in @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death', 'SCD']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia', 'VT', 'ventricular tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity10804 :: ('MESH:C537069', 'Disease') :: ['AICD', 'automatic cardioverter defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LVH', 'left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['VA', 'arrhythmias', 'ventricular arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS OF THE STUDY: Photooxidation of pericardium has been shown chemically to alter and stabilize tissue. The characterization of photooxidatively induced, chemical modifications of @entity291 pericardial and arterial tissue is reported here. METHODS: Tissues were prepared by various methods of photooxidation and analyzed for thermal denaturation temperature, protein extraction, @entity535 content and crosslink content. RESULTS: Photooxidation of tissue resulted in no significant time-dependent changes in thermal denaturation temperature, but did result in a time-dependent alteration and reduction in extracted proteins. This reduction is consistent with chemical alteration and stabilization of the tissue. Photooxidation also resulted in a time-dependent reduction of @entity3793 content in treated tissues by @entity3793 being converted to a non-detectable form. No other @entity535 alteration was detected by @entity535 analysis. Crosslink analysis of tissue hydrolyzates showed a time-dependent alteration in crosslink content of photooxidized tissue and an apparent addition of several types of new crosslinks. CONCLUSIONS: These chemical modifications are consistent with oxidative modification of @entity1522 in the tissues, resulting in an alteration of existing crosslinks and possible addition of new crosslinks in the tissues. This treatment process leads to in vivo and in vitro stability of pericardial and arterial tissues with potential use as bioprosthetic materials.

title: Chemical modification of XXXX tissues by dye-mediated photooxidation.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The identification of lymph node @entity3 in colorectal resection specimens is necessary for accurate @entity5 staging. However, routine lymph node dissection by the pathologist yields only a subset of nodes removed surgically and may not include those nodes most directly in the path of lymphatic drainage from the @entity5 . Intraoperative mapping of such sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) has been reported in cases of @entity320 and @entity0 . We applied a similar method to cases of @entity14 , with emphasis on the pathology of the SLNs. METHODS: Eighty-three consecutive @entity1 with @entity14 were evaluated after intraoperative injection of 1 to 2 mL of 1% @entity12670 dye ( @entity12670 ) into the peritumoral subserosa. Blue-stained lymph nodes were suture-tagged by the surgeon within minutes of the injection for identification by the pathologist, and a standard resection was performed. Designated SLNs were sectioned at 10 levels through the block; a cytokeratin immunostain ( @entity1325 ) was also obtained. To evaluate the possibility that increased detection of @entity3 in the @entity4298 might be solely due to increased histologic sampling, all initially negative non-SLNs in the first 25 cases were sectioned also at 10 levels. RESULTS: Sentinel lymph nodes were identified intraoperatively in 82 (99%) of 83 @entity1 and accounted for 152 (11.9%) of 1275 lymph nodes recovered, with an average of 1.9 SLNs per @entity1 . A total of 99 positive lymph nodes (38 positive SLNs and 61 positive non-SLNs) were identified in 34 node-positive @entity1 . The SLNs were the only site of @entity3 in 17 @entity1 (50%), while 14 @entity1 (41%) had both positive SLNs and non-SLNs. Three @entity1 (9%) had positive non-SLNs with negative SLNs, representing skip @entity3 . In @entity1 with positive SLNs, 91 (19%) of 474 total lymph nodes and 53 (12%) of 436 non-SLNs were positive for @entity3 . In @entity1 with negative SLNs, 8 (1%) of 801 total lymph nodes and 8 (1.2%) of 687 non-SLNs were positive for @entity3 . Multilevel sections of 330 initially negative non-SLNs in the first 25 @entity1 yielded only 2 additional positive nodes (0. 6%). All @entity1 with positive SLNs were correctly staged by a combination of 4 representative levels through the @entity4298 (s) together with a single cytokeratin immunostain. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative mapping of SLNs in @entity14 identifies lymph nodes likely to contain @entity3 . Focused pathologic evaluation of the 1 to 4 SLNs so identified can improve the accuracy of pathologic staging.

title: Pathologic evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity12670 :: ('MESH:C025484', 'Chemical') :: ['Lymphazurin', 'isosulfan blue']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: Automated oscillometric ankle-brachial index (ABI) devices were designed to measure ABI in a primary-care setting to increase the @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) detection rate. However, ABI measurements obtained with an automated oscillometric device may differ from those obtained using a standard ultrasound Doppler method in the general population. The purpose of this study was to compare @entity3657 detection by the Doppler method and the automated WatchBP Office ABI system in a high-risk population with @entity453 ( @entity453 ). Eighty consecutive @entity1 with confirmed @entity453 were included. ABI was measured by automated oscillometry followed by conventional Doppler evaluation. @entity3657 was defined as an ABI <=0.9. Each lower extremity was analyzed separately. The Doppler method detected an ABI <=0.9 in 56 lower extremities, whereas the automated method detected an ABI <=0.9 in 28 lower extremities (P<0.0001). A Bland-Altman plot showed poor agreement between the two methods. The mean ABI values obtained by the automated and Doppler methods were significantly different (1.11  0.20 vs. 0.95  0.24; P<0.00001). The sensitivity of the automated ABI device in detecting an ABI <=0.9 was 46.3% and the specificity was 98.0%. The positive and negative predictive values for diagnosing an ABI <=0.9 using the automated oscillometric method were 92.8% and 76.9%, respectively. In conclusion, the automated WatchBP Office ABI system should be used with caution for @entity3657 detection and screening in @entity1 with @entity453 , and this system should not replace the Doppler method in populations at high risk of @entity65 .

title: Automated oscillometric measurement of the ankle-brachial index in XXXX with @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral artery disease', 'PAD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Tau protein concentration in cerebrospinal fluid was determined in 55 @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ), 18 @entity1 with @entity1294 ( @entity1294 ), 19 @entity1 with @entity303 caused by other disorders and 14 @entity1 with @entity308 . Significantly (p < 0.05) elevated protein tau concentrations were found in @entity195 @entity1 (564.5 +/- 275.5 pg/ml) compared to all other @entity1 groups ( @entity1294 : 406.5 +/- 263.9 pg/ml; other @entity303 : 275.0 +/- 135.4 pg/ml; @entity308 : 212.9 +/- 115.6 pg/ml). However, tau levels in @entity195 @entity1 covered a broad range (163.2 pg/ml-1200 pg/ml). @entity195 @entity1 with tau levels below the 25%-percentile of the distribution (among them a high percentage of @entity1 with presenile onset) showed tau levels similar to those of the @entity1 with late life @entity308 . No significant correlations between tau levels and clinical variables such as severity of @entity303 , age, age of onset, duration of illness, and cerebral changes as assessed by volumetric magnetic resonance imaging could be demonstrated. Similarly, we could not find an influence of either @entity2204 genotype or psychotropic medication on the tau levels in @entity195 @entity1 . In accordance with other studies our results confirm elevated tau levels in @entity195 compared to elderly not demented control subjects. Comparing groups, this finding applies as well with respect to @entity1294 and other @entity74 . However, elevated tau levels cannot be detected in a subgroup of @entity195 @entity1 . This finding needs to be further investigated in future studies.

title: [Cerebrospinal fluid protein tau levels in the differential diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'major depression']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia', 'VD']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['dementing disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Creation and preservation of dialysis access in @entity1 with central @entity432 (CVOD) is a complex problem. The surgical approach and decision-making process remains poorly defined. We evaluated our experience in the surgical management of hemodialysis-related CVOD. Surgical technique, demographics, complications, reinterventions, access function rates, and factors influencing morbidity and mortality were examined. METHODS: From January 2006 to May 2010, we performed a total of 1,703 dialysis access-related procedures, 1,021 @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ), 335 arteriovenous grafts (AVGs), and 314 access revisions including endovascular salvage procedures. Seventeen @entity1 (10 @entity1 [58%] with a mean age of 44    27 years) with CVOD who were not suitable for peritoneal dialysis or kidney transplant underwent 20 complex vascular access procedures. The indications were need for access creation in 14 cases (70%) and preservation in the remaining 6 (30%). @entity736 ( @entity736 ) was used for all surgical bypass grafts (BPG). All @entity1 had previously undergone multiple access surgeries and had failed percutaneous interventions for CVOD. RESULTS: The surgical planning centered on finding venous outflow for an arteriovenous (AV) access; central venous reconstructions were necessary in 10 (50%) cases (seven [35%] in the thoracic central venous system and three [15%] in infradiaphragmatic vessels) and extracavitary venous BPG in two (10%) cases. Non-venous access options included axillary arterial-arterial chest wall BPG in five (25%) cases and @entity432 to right atrium BPG in three (15%). Technical success was achieved in all cases (100%). Mean follow-up was 14.1 months, both BPG and AV access patency rates were 66% at 6 months and overall average AV access function time was 9.2 months. Of these, 85% of @entity1 were discharged home and following 19 (95%) cases they returned or improved their baseline functional status. One @entity204 occurred from @entity177 during the 30-day postoperative period. Four additional @entity1 died within 3 years of the procedure secondary to nonsurgical-related comorbidities. CONCLUSION: The need for complex vascular accesses will continue as the number of @entity1 with @entity454 increases. CVOD is an access surgical challenge and with this article we propose a decision-making algorithm.

title: Surgical management of hemodialysis-related central XXXX : a treatment algorithm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['brachial artery', 'venous occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['PTFE', 'Polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVFs', 'arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['venous occlusive disease']


abstract: The aquaporin (AQP) families of water channels are intrinsic membrane proteins that facilitate selective water and small solute movement across the plasma membrane. The purposes of this study were to determine the expression and localization of AQPs in @entity1067 and @entity263 . Prostatic tissue was collected from @entity1 with @entity1067 or @entity263 by transurethral resection of the prostate. The expression and cellular localization of the AQPs were determined in the @entity1 prostate by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. @entity3261 , 3, and 9 were expressed in the @entity1 prostate. Western blot analysis revealed bands at 28-36 kDa for the @entity53857 proteins. Of these proteins, @entity53858 were expressed in the epithelium. Immunolabeling showed that @entity3261 was mainly expressed in the capillaries and venules of the prostate, @entity18953 was expressed in the cytoplasm of the epithelium, and @entity18810 was mainly associated with the plasma membrane of the prostatic epithelium. Only @entity18810 expression was localized in the cell membrane, and expressed @entity18810 was translocated to the cytoplasm in @entity263 . The epithelium in the @entity1 prostate expresses @entity18810 and 9 proteins, and the capillaries and venules of the prostate express @entity3261 . Characterizing or modifying the expression of @entity18810 may lead to an understanding of the role of the AQPs in @entity1 @entity4623 .

title: Expression and localization of aquaporins in @entity1067 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic disease']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although it has been postulated for many years that @entity308 is associated with loss of synapses, primarily in the hippocampus, and that antidepressants facilitate synapse growth, we still lack ultrastructural evidence that changes in @entity146 are indeed correlated with structural synaptic modifications. METHODS: We analyzed hippocampal spine synapses of male @entity35 (n=127) with electron microscopic stereology in association with performance in the learned helplessness paradigm. RESULTS: Inescapable footshock (IES) caused an acute and persistent loss of spine synapses in each of @entity1249 , @entity1251 , and dentate gyrus, which was associated with a severe escape @entity4207 . On the other hand, IES elicited no significant synaptic alterations in motor cortex. A single injection of @entity2819 reproduced both the hippocampal synaptic changes and the behavioral responses induced by IES. Treatment of IES-exposed animals for 6 days with @entity5829 reversed both the hippocampal spine synapse loss and the escape @entity4207 . We noted, however, that @entity5829 failed to restore the number of @entity1249 spine synapses to nonstressed levels, which was associated with a minor escape deficit compared with nonstressed control @entity35 . Shorter, 1-day or 3-day @entity5829 treatments, however, had neither synaptic nor behavioral effects. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that changes in @entity146 are associated with remarkable remodeling of hippocampal spine synapses at the ultrastructural level. Because spine synapse loss contributes to @entity75 , this cellular mechanism may be an important component in the neurobiology of stress-related disorders such as @entity308 .

title: Remodeling of hippocampal spine synapses in the @entity35 learned XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['depressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['deficit in learned helplessness']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['helplessness model of depression']


abstract: In the present study, 638 embryo transfers conducted over 3 yr were retrospectively examined to determine which factors (recipient, embryo and transfer) significantly influenced pregnancy and @entity2085 rates and to determine how rates could be improved. On Day 7 or 8 after ovulation, embryos (fresh or cooled/transported) were transferred by surgical or nonsurgical techniques into recipients ovulating from 5 to 9 d before transfer. At 12 and 50 d of gestation (Day 0 = day of ovulation), pregnancy rates were 65.7% (419 of 638) and 55.5% (354 of 638). Pregnancy rates on Day 50 were significantly higher for recipients that had excellent to good uterine tone or were graded as "acceptable" during a pretransfer examination, usually performed 5 d after ovulation, versus recipients that had fair to poor uterine tone or were graded "marginally acceptable." Embryonic factors that significantly affected pregnancy rates were morphology grade, diameter and stage of development. The incidence of early @entity204 was 15.5% (65 of 419) from Days 12 to 50. @entity2085 rates were significantly higher in recipients used 7 or 9 d vs 5 or 6 d after ovulation. Embryos with minor morphological changes (Grade 2) resulted in more (P<0.05) @entity204 than embryos with no morphological abnormalities (Grade 1). Between Days 12 and 50, the highest incidence of @entity204 occurred during the interval from Days 17 to 25 of gestation. @entity2085 that were imaged with ultrasound during the first pregnancy exam (5 d after transfer) resulted in significantly fewer @entity204 than vesicles not imaged until subsequent exams. In the present study, embryo morphology was predictive of the potential for an embryo to result in a viable pregnancy. Delayed development of the embryo upon collection from the donor or delayed development of the embryonic vesicle within the recipient's uterus was associated with a higher incidence of pregnancy failure. Recipient selection (age, day after ovulation, quality on Day 5) significantly affected pregnancy and @entity2085 rates.

title: Factors affecting pregnancy rates and early XXXX after equine embryo transfer.

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['Embryo loss', 'Embryonic vesicles', 'embryo loss']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic death', 'embryo death', 'embryonic deaths']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['embryonic death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For @entity1 with incurable malignant @entity1084 and @entity1448 , laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy combined with endoscopic biliary stent placement seems to offer a minimally invasive palliation. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 16 @entity1 submitted to laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy. Laparoscopic gastroenterostomy was performed as an antecolic, side-to-side gastrojejunostomy with enteroenterostomy. In 12 @entity1 @entity1448 was relieved preoperatively by stent placement via endoscopy (n = 6, 37.5%), percutaneous access (n = 5, 31%) or bilioenteric @entity254 (n = 1, 6.25%). One @entity1 needed a percutaneous Yamakawa prosthesis postoperatively. RESULTS: Mean operative time was 126 min. There were no intraoperative complications. In one @entity1 conversion to open surgery became necessary because of extensive adhesions. The only postoperative complication was @entity548 from a trocar site requiring reintervention; there was no mortality. Median postoperative hospital stay was 7 days. @entity356 was observed in 3 (18.7%) @entity1 . Median survival was 87 days after the operation. All @entity1 died from their primary disease but could maintain oral intake during the remaining survival time. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy and endoscopic or percutaneous biliary stenting provide a good functional result while impairing the quality of life only to a minimal extent.

title: Laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy and endoscopic biliary stent placement for palliation of incurable XXXX with @entity1448 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Delayed gastric emptying']

answer: @entity1084 :: (MESH:D017219,Disease) :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']


abstract: The relationship between ovarian activity and circulating @entity134 concentration was studied in the female sheath-tailed bat, Taphozous longimanus. T. longimanus breeds twice in rapid succession during the year at Varanasi, India. Ovarian recrudescence was observed during September, and antral follicles were first observed during the month of October. Circulating @entity2671 concentration showed an increase beginning in October, reaching a peak in December. This increase in @entity2671 concentration correlated with the period of heavy accumulation of adipose tissue and increase in body mass. Antral follicles grow slowly during the period of high circulating @entity2671 concentration from October to December. There was a sharp decline in @entity2671 concentration during January. Simultaneously with the decline in @entity2671 concentration, a sharp increase in size of the antral follicle and circulating @entity53 concentration was noticed. Soon thereafter, one of the follicles ruptures, followed by fertilization and the commencement of the first pregnancy. During the second pregnancy, antral follicles first appeared during late pregnancy in March in the contralateral ovary that lacked the corpus luteum. One follicle developed rapidly and quickly attained a preovulatory stage in April. This is reflected in a sharp increase in @entity53 concentration during this period. Ovulation was observed immediately following the first pregnancy in May. During this period, @entity2671 concentration remained low. The results of the present study suggest that high @entity2671 concentration during October to December (winter dormancy) may be responsible for slow follicular development and delays ovulation in T. longimanus. It is further hypothesized that the geographical variation in reproductive pattern of T. longimanus could be due to variation in the duration of fat storage and associated changes in the @entity2671 concentration.

title: Seasonal changes in circulating XXXX concentration and their correlation with the ovarian activity in the female Indian sheath-tailed bat, Taphozous longimanus.

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: MicroRNA (miRNA) has been shown the potential of @entity5 diagnosis. We investigated whether plasma miRNA expression could discriminate between @entity1 with and without @entity356 . METHODS: This study was divided into three steps: (1) miRNA microarray profiling on plasma samples from 20 @entity356 @entity1 and 20 healthy controls; (2) miRNA selection by real-time qRT-PCR on 30 pairs of plasma from @entity1 and controls; and (3) qRT-PCR validation on an independent set of plasma from 180 @entity356 @entity1 , 80 healthy controls, and 20 @entity1 with @entity1819 . RESULTS: Of the 959 @entity1 miRNAs analyzed by microarray, 37 up-regulated miRNAs and seven down-regulated miRNAs were found in @entity356 plasma. Of the seven discrepant miRNAs validated on the plasma from 30 @entity356 @entity1 and 30 healthy controls, both miRNA-199a-3p and miRNA-151-5p were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) and were significantly reduced after surgery (p < 0.05) in @entity356 @entity1 . Further large-scale validation showed that these two miRNAs expressions in plasma were significantly higher in @entity356 @entity1 than healthy controls and @entity1 with @entity1819 , respectively. However, only the expression of miRNA-199a-3p in plasma was significantly associated with @entity5 invasion and with lymph node @entity3 and @entity5 , node, @entity3 stage. This marker yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve area of 0.837 with 80 % sensitivity and 74 % specificity in discriminating @entity356 @entity1 from healthy controls. In @entity356 tissue, miRNA-199a-3p was expressed in the cytoplasm of @entity5 cells. CONCLUSIONS: miRNA-199a-3p in plasma could be a novel potential diagnostic biomarker for @entity356 detection.

title: miRNA-199a-3p in plasma as a potential diagnostic biomarker for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric precancerous diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the activity and @entity137 of the combination of @entity1311 given by three-hour infusion, and @entity3003 as first-line chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ). BACKGROUND: @entity1311 is an active agent in @entity0 . Furthermore, our group has shown that the combination of @entity1311 and @entity3003 is effective in @entity4349 -resistant @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From January 1996 until March 1997, 66 @entity1 with @entity0 were treated with @entity1311 (175 mg/m2) by three-hour infusion followed by @entity3003 at an AUC of 6 mg x min/ml every three weeks. The median age of the @entity1 was 56 years (range 28-75). A total of 39 @entity1 had received adjuvant chemotherapy and 22 of them were treated with an @entity4349 or @entity2664 -containing regimen. RESULTS: A total of 324 cycles (median: six) were administered, 273 (85%) of them at full dose. The median number of delivered cycles was six. The median delivered dose intensity (DI) of @entity1311 was 55.1 mg/m2/week (range 30.5-69.3) and the relative DI was 0.95 (range 0.5-1.2). Eight @entity1 (12%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5%-22%) achieved complete and 28 (42%, 95% CI: 30%-55%) partial responses. Grade 3-4 @entity137 included @entity417 (5%), @entity3028 (24%), @entity882 , @entity56 (3% each), @entity925 / @entity4841 and @entity2359 (1.5% each). @entity1398 occurred in eight (12%) @entity1 . Alopecia was universal. After a median follow-up of 17.3 (range 0.07-24.5) months, 48 (72%) @entity1 have demonstrated @entity5 progression and 24 (36%) have died. Median time to progression was 8.6 (range 0.07-23+) months and median survival 20.4 (range 0.07-24.5+) months. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity1311 and @entity3003 has moderate activity in @entity0 and can be easily delivered on an outpatient basis with manageable @entity137 . This regimen may be useful especially in @entity1 to whom @entity8253 or @entity900 administration is precluded because of other concomitant diseases.

title: First-line chemotherapy with @entity1311 by three-hour infusion and @entity3003 in XXXX (final report): a phase II study conducted by the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced breast cancer', 'ABC']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['Paclitaxel', 'paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['myalgias']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['nausea/vomiting and allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgias']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['advanced breast cancer']


abstract: Biocompatible polymer matrices for implantation into lesion sites in the brain were synthesized by incorporating peptide or @entity17596 sequences into @entity5347 ( @entity5348 ) hydrogels. RGD peptide sequences were chemically linked to the hydrogel backbone via a glycylglycine spacer; @entity12016 were @entity4823 (NHGlc) or @entity3954 residues. Unmodified or sequence containing @entity5348 hydrogels were implanted into the lesioned optic tract or cerebral cortex of juvenile (17- to 19-day-old) or adult @entity35 brains, respectively. After 10-12 months host animals were perfused and the brains were processed for immunohistochemistry using antibodies to neurofilaments (RT97), laminin, @entity40 ( @entity40 ), @entity1250 ( @entity1250 ), S100 protein, macrophages (ED1), and @entity8382 ( @entity8382 ). Unmodified (control) @entity5348 hydrogels contained no cellular infiltration or axonal growth. Peptide (RGD)- and @entity17596 -modified hydrogels showed increased adhesion properties with host neural tissue, were vascularized, and were infiltrated by host nonneuronal cells. Astrocytes ( @entity40 +) and macrophages (ED1(+)) were the major cell types seen within modified @entity5348 hydrogels, the largest numbers being found in RGD-containing polymers. @entity1250 + oligodendroglia were not seen within any of the hydrogel matrices. RT97(+)/ @entity8382 - axons grew into both the RGD and NHGlc hydrogel matrices for small distances. The number of axons was greatest in hydrogels implanted into cerebral cortex but in both cortex and optic tract implants the highest density of axons was seen in polymers containing RGD. The findings of this study are discussed in the context of CNS tissue replacement and the construction of bioactive scaffolds to promote regenerative axonal growth across areas of @entity1545 and spinal cord.

title: Hydrogels containing peptide or XXXX sequences implanted into the @entity35 brain: influence on cellular migration and axonal growth.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['injury in the brain']

entities_list: @entity3954 :: ('CHEBI:28009', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylglucosamine']

entities_list: @entity5347 :: ('MESH:C032976', 'Chemical') :: ['N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity4823 :: ('MESH:D005944', 'Chemical') :: ['glucosamine']

entities_list: @entity1250 :: ('54231(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['CAII', 'carbonic anhydrase II']

entities_list: @entity12016 :: ('MESH:D000606', 'Chemical') :: ['aminosugars']

entities_list: @entity40 :: ('24387(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity17596 :: ('CHEBI:28963', 'Chemical') :: ['aminosugar']

answer: @entity17596 :: (CHEBI:28963,Chemical) :: ['aminosugar']


abstract: In order to determine the effect of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on the cell adhesion molecules expressed in @entity1 dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC), the cells were exposed to varying UVR doses and the cell surface was examined for expression of @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ), @entity4725 ( @entity4725 ), and @entity4105 . The effect of UVB irradiation on the binding of T lymphocytes to HDMEC was also examined. UVA irradiation did not affect the surface expression of @entity2071 , @entity4725 , or @entity4105 on the HDMEC. However, following UVB exposure, ELISA demonstrated a significant increase in the baseline @entity2071 cell surface expression on the HDMEC. However, no induction of either @entity4105 or @entity4725 was noted. UVB also significantly augmented @entity2071 induction by @entity1192 and @entity310 . @entity4725 was induced by stimulating HDMEC with @entity1192 following a UVB irradiation dose of 100 mJ/cm2. Flow cytometric analysis of the HDMEC stimulated with @entity1192 for 24h demonstrated that 12% of the cells expressed @entity4725 but either @entity1192 or UVB irradiation alone failed to induce @entity4725 expression. Enhancement of T cell-HDMEC binding by @entity1192 or @entity310 treatment was not significantly affected after UVB irradiation. This study demonstrated that UVB irradiation can alter @entity2071 and @entity4725 expression on the HDMEC surface and that augmentation of @entity2071 expression and the @entity1192 -dependent induction of @entity4725 following UVB exposure might be important steps in the pathogenesis of sunburn.

title: Effect of ultraviolet light on the expression of adhesion molecules and T lymphocyte adhesion to XXXX dermal microvascular endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1', 'VCAM- 1', 'VCAM-1']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: @entity4939 have been little studied in prepubertal age @entity1 . When it happens often they can alter the continuity of the sleep and reduce the value restorer of this affecting the academic functioning and daytime behavioural in younger @entity1 . We study the total frequency of the @entity4939 , the individual frequency of every @entity4939 and the association between them in primary education @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We distribute to @entity1 's parents (358) of third through sixth grade of Primary Education of one college of Alcoy the Owens @entity1 's Sleep Habits Questionnaire of for parents to answer. RESULTS: Rate of response was 58 %. Total frequency of the @entity4939 was 6.2 %. The most frequent @entity4939 of the research was the periodic limb movements (PLM) (7.7 %) followed of @entity8599 (6.7%), nightmares (1.9%), enuresis (1.9%) and @entity4464 (1.4%). We did not find any case of night terror. There is a major frequency of enuresis, @entity4464 and nightmares in male @entity1 and of PLM in the @entity1 though we have not obtained statistical significance. The PLM associated with nightmares (75%, p < 0.005), @entity4464 (66%, p < 0.05) and @entity8599 (40%, p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4939 happen with a frequency raised in the @entity1 in prepubertal age. Following the repercussion that a @entity4939 can suppose to the @entity1 as well as to his environment, it is important to detect it as soon as possible in order to prevent its consequences and not let them continua once the @entity1 gets older.

title: [A study of XXXX in the prepubertal age].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'PATIENTS', 'girls', 'child']

entities_list: @entity4939 :: ('MESH:D020447', 'Disease') :: ['Parasomnias', 'parasomnia', 'parasomnias']

entities_list: @entity4464 :: ('MESH:D013009', 'Disease') :: ['sleepwalking']

answer: @entity4939 :: (MESH:D020447,Disease) :: ['parasomnias']