abstract: PURPOSE: The INT0116 study has established postoperative chemoradiotherapy as the standard of care for completely resected @entity356 . However, the optimal chemoradiation regimen remains to be defined. We conducted a prospective, multicenter study to evaluate an alternative chemoradiation regimen that combines more current systemic treatment with modern techniques of radiotherapy delivery. METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1 with @entity420 who had undergone an R0 resection were eligible. Adjuvant therapy consisted of one cycle of @entity1259 , @entity900 , and @entity1487 (ECF), followed by radiotherapy with concurrent infusional @entity1487 , and then two additional cycles of ECF. Radiotherapy was delivered using precisely defined, multiple-field, three-dimensional conformal techniques. RESULTS: A total of 54 assessable @entity1 were enrolled from 19 institutions. The proportion of @entity1 commencing Cycles 1, 2, and 3 of ECF chemotherapy were 100%, 81%, and 67% respectively. In all, 94% of @entity1 who received radiotherapy completed treatment as planned. Grade 3/4 @entity1398 occurred in 66% of @entity1 with 7.4% developing @entity1398 . Most @entity1398 episodes (83%) occurred in the post-radiotherapy period during cycles 2 and 3 of ECF. Grade 3/4 gastrointestinal @entity137 occurred in 28% of @entity1 . In all, 35% of radiotherapy treatment plans contained protocol deviations that were satisfactorily amended before commencement of treatment. At median follow-up of 36 months, the 3-year overall survival rate was estimated at 61.6%. CONCLUSIONS: This adjuvant regimen using ECF before and after three-dimensional conformal chemoradiation is feasible and can be safely delivered in a cooperative group setting. A regimen similar to this is currently being compared with the INT0116 regimen in a National @entity5 Institute-sponsored, randomized Phase III trial.

title: Adjuvant chemoradiation for @entity356 using @entity1259 , XXXX , and @entity1487 before and after three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy with concurrent infusional @entity1487 : a multicenter study of the Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'neutropenic', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the stomach']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: Epidemiologic evidence suggests that lifestyle factors, such as exercise, @entity460 intake, and @entity286 consumption, have effects on bone density. However, the influence of these factors in the elderly has not been well documented. To examine the effects of lifestyle factors in the elderly, we measured bone density ( @entity1555 ) at the lumbar spine and proximal femur in 709 elderly @entity1 and 1080 @entity1 participating in the Dubbo @entity170 Epidemiology study (DOES), a community-based, longitudinal, epidemiologic study of @entity170 in @entity1 and @entity1 over the age of 60. @entity1555 was significantly higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 (20% at all sites). There was an age-related decline in @entity1555 at the femoral neck in both sexes and at the lumbar spine in @entity1 . Between the ages of 60 and 80, the decrease in @entity1555 at the femoral neck among @entity1 was 18.9%, which is almost twice the decrease in @entity1555 among @entity1 (10.1%). @entity286 consumption was associated with a reduction in @entity1555 at both sites in both sexes (5-8%), and this effect was independent of @entity460 intake or body weight. Exsmokers had @entity1555 intermediate between that of current smokers and never smokers, suggesting the influence of @entity286 was partially reversible. Quadriceps strength predicted bone density at the proximal femur in elderly @entity1 but not in @entity1 . Analyzing @entity1555 (adjusted for age and weight) in tertiles of muscle strength and @entity460 intake revealed an interaction between @entity460 intake and muscle strength on bone density; @entity1555 at the femoral neck among those with higher quadriceps strength and @entity460 intake was approximately 5% higher (P < 0.05) than in those with low quadriceps strength and @entity460 intake in both @entity1 and @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Lifestyle factors and bone density in the elderly: implications for XXXX prevention.

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: 1. Experiments were designed to determine whether regional differences exist in the effects of @entity10743 (a metalloprotease inhibitor) and [ @entity10744 ,1D-Pro,2 D-Trp,7,9Leu,11]-substance P (a @entity4756 antagonist: rpwwL-SP) on contractile responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS) in @entity95 airways. 2. EFS contractions were potentiated by @entity10743 and were attenuated by rpwwL-substance P at low frequencies (less than 10 Hz). 3. Potentiating effect of @entity10743 was more pronounced in distal bronchus than @entity825 and was proportional to total proteinase activity. 4. The rank order of inhibitory effect of rpwwL-SP was: @entity825 > proximal bronchus > distal bronchus, and inverse relationship was observed between the drug's inhibitory effect of drug and total proteinase activity in three different regions. 5. Good correlation was observed between total proteinase activity and pD2 value of neurokinin A in each airway region. 6. In conclusion, @entity4756 modulates @entity934 release in the contractile response to EFS at low frequencies (less than 10 Hz), and regional differences in the effects of the inhibitor and the antagonist on EFS-evoked contractions in the @entity95 airway were suggested to be due to heterogenous distribution of the metalloprotease which metabolized @entity4756 .

title: A regional difference of the effect of XXXX on cholinergic response evoked by electrical field stimulation in the @entity95 airway.

entities_list: @entity10743 :: ('MESH:C008890', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoramidon']

entities_list: @entity4756 :: ('MESH:D015320', 'Chemical') :: ['tachykinin', 'tachykinins']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity4756 :: (MESH:D015320,Chemical) :: ['tachykinin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic surgery has long been the treatment of choice for recurrent or @entity547 , and for @entity547 when the @entity1 does not want to undergo open surgery. Each laparoscopic incision or trocar presents risks for @entity548 , @entity130 , incisional @entity547 , and poor cosmetic outcome. For this reason, @entity302 ( @entity302 ) is being increasingly used to treat a variety of conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of @entity302 for total extraperitoneal (TEP) repair of @entity547 in the largest series performed to date. @entity1 AND METHODS: During the period from June to September 2009, 23 consecutive @entity1 underwent @entity302 for TEP repair of @entity169 . @entity302 was performed under general anesthesia, with the use of a single access port device and articulating as well as standard laparoscopic instruments. Demographic and clinical data, intraoperative findings, and postoperative course were recorded. RESULTS: In the 23 @entity1 (mean age 48.4 y; 18 males and 5 females), a total of 27 @entity547 were repaired. @entity547 were present in 19 @entity1 and @entity547 in four. Of the @entity547 , 11 were on the right and 8 on the left. Indirect @entity547 occurred in 15 @entity1 , direct @entity547 in 7 @entity1 , and a direct+indirect @entity547 was seen in 1 @entity1 . All @entity547 were repaired successfully with @entity302 except in 1 @entity1 . In this @entity1 , due to the large size of the @entity547 and the presence of adhesions, the procedure was converted to a standard laparoscopic TEP repair. Mean operative times for unilateral and @entity547 were 48.4 minutes (range: 32-62 min) and 96.7 minutes (range: 85-120 min), respectively. None of the @entity1 experienced @entity260 . Mean hospital stay was 1.17 days. CONCLUSIONS: The use of @entity302 for TEP repair of @entity547 provides excellent cosmetic results, and articulating instruments seem to be useful for this procedure.

title: Single-incision Laparoscopic surgery for total extraperitoneal repair of @entity169 in 23 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative or postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['single-incision laparoscopic surgery', 'SILS']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral hernias', 'Unilateral hernias', 'hernia', 'hernias', 'bilateral hernias']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernias']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['organ injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The influence of statins on the results of intravenous thrombolysis for @entity385 is controversial. We studied the risks and benefits of statin pretreatment (SP) in @entity1 treated with intravenous alteplase ( @entity3479 ) at our institution, and included our data to a meta-analysis of previous related studies. We reviewed prospectively collected data from consecutive @entity1 with acute @entity385 treated with IV rt-PA at our institution over the past 9 years. We compared @entity932 ( @entity932 ), favourable short-term outcome (decrease of >= 4 points on the NIHSS score after 24 h from baseline assessment), favourable long-term outcome (mRS score  <=2 at 3 months) and mortality rates between statin-pretreated (SPP) and nonstatin-pretreated @entity1 (NSPP). We performed a systematic search through MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase datasets to identify similar English language studies. A total of 182 @entity1 were included (mean age 68.3    11.4 years, 54.3% @entity1 ). There were no significant differences between SPP and NSPP regarding @entity932 (3.3 vs. 1.7%, p = 0.47), favourable short-term outcome (44.8 vs 56%, p = 0.31) and favourable long-term outcome rates (40 vs 44.1%, p = 0.84). In a meta-analysis of 1,055 @entity1 , SP was neither related to long-term functional outcome nor mortality, but it was a risk factor for @entity932 (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.03-3.84, p = 0.04). @entity1780 pretreatment may increase the risk of @entity932 in @entity1 receiving IV @entity3479 for @entity385 , though it does not influence the 3 months outcome. Prospective studies are needed to confirm this safety concern.

title: Statin pretreatment may increase the risk of XXXX in thrombolysis for @entity385 : results from a case-control study and a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage', 'SICH']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity932 :: (MESH:D020300,Disease) :: ['symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) is a mood stabilizer for treating @entity1 with @entity162 ( @entity162 ). It may cause @entity209 in certain bipolar @entity1 . However, the genetic factors that influence the susceptibility remain unclear. Genetic polymorphism of the G-protein b3 subunit ( @entity14644 ) is reported to be associated with metabolic phenotypes. In the current study, we investigated the possible associations between the @entity14644 variation and @entity2052 -induced @entity209 . METHODS: Subjects (n = 96) who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition criteria for @entity162 were recruited from the National Cheng Kung University Hospital. Their metabolic indices were measured. RESULTS: The variation of @entity14644 @entity14643 showed an association with higher plasma total @entity165 (P = 0.037), @entity412 (P = 0.014), and leptin (P < 0.001) levels in @entity162 @entity1 treated with @entity2052 . After adjusting for age, sex, types of BDs, and serum concentration of @entity2052 , the variation of @entity14644 @entity14643 remained significantly associated with the levels of serum leptin and body mass index (BMI; P < 0.001 and P = 0.030, respectively). In addition, the @entity14644 @entity14643 showed significant drug-single-nucleotide polymorphism interactions with insulin levels (P = 0.033), @entity412 levels (P = 0.013), leptin levels (P = 0.013), and BMI (P = 0.018). These results indicated that the T allele may be associated with lower serum leptin levels and BMI in @entity162 @entity1 treated with @entity2052 . CONCLUSIONS: The current study provides evidence that @entity162 @entity1 who are T allele carriers of the @entity14644 @entity14643 polymorphism have a lower risk for @entity2052 -induced @entity209 . Further studies about the underlying mechanisms of G protein in @entity2052 -induced @entity209 are warranted.

title: @entity14643 polymorphism of the @entity14644 gene on @entity1092 -related XXXX in @entity162 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Valproate']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic abnormalities']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the cases of @entity7995 in the population of @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) who attends to the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M  dicas y Nutrici  n Salvador Zubir  n. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included 12 @entity1 with @entity7995 who fulfilled the ACR @entity1252 criteria. Age, gender, previous treatment, unilateral or bilateral involvement, recurrence, other concomitant neurologic symptoms, @entity1252 activity, anticardiolipin antibodies and visual outcome were recorded. RESULTS: The female:male ratio was 5:1. The mean age of the study group was 33 +/- 13 years. In two @entity1 the @entity7995 antedated the @entity1252 diagnosis, in one the event presented at the same time of lupus onset, and in the rest of the @entity1 the @entity7995 postdated the diagnosis of @entity1252 . The median @entity1252 duration was three years (1-12). At the @entity7995 onset, four of the @entity1 also presented other lupus manifestations whereas the rest of them were in remission. The event was bilateral in 33% and recurrent in three @entity1 (median two events 2-6). In three cases an event of transverse @entity4685 was also documented. Only one of the @entity1 had an established diagnosis of @entity1701 , however eight were positive for anticardiolipin antibodies. Besides treatment with @entity230 and in two cases with @entity786 , five of the @entity1 had @entity1939 and only four regained normal visual acuity. CONCLUSION: Although @entity7995 is a rare manifestation in @entity1252 @entity1 , it is a cause of @entity1939 .

title: [ @entity7995 in XXXX : report of 12 cases].

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'Systemic Lupus Erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the influence of the Chief Medical Officer's annual guidelines on @entity683 immunisation and to estimate vaccine uptake particularly of those resident in long-stay residential facilities and of other recommended at-risk groups. DESIGN: Postal questionnaires. SETTING: Lothian, Scotland (population 750,000). SUBJECTS: All consultants caring for @entity1 in long stay National Health Service facilities; a random sample of all general practitioners (GP's) in Lothian; managers/charge nurses of all local authority, private and voluntary long stay facilities in Lothian and continuing care facilities in the National Health Service including adults and @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number (%) of general practitioners offering @entity683 vaccine to at-risk groups as defined in the Chief Medical Officer's guidelines; number (%) of hospital consultants caring for long-stay @entity1 in hospital in Lothian who offer @entity683 vaccine to the same at-risk groups; percentage of long-stay residents/ @entity1 who received @entity683 vaccine in 1992-3. RESULTS: Seventy nine (75%) GPs said they offered @entity683 vaccine to all at-risk groups; 15 (14%) GPs said they did not care for @entity1 in long-stay facilities but offered vaccine to the other at-risk groups; 12 (11%) GPs who did have long-stay residents on their list, offered vaccine to some of them only and to all other at-risk groups; 14 (56%) hospital consultants did not offer @entity683 vaccine to long-stay @entity1 ; 10 (40%) immunised only those at risk from chronic medical conditions if their quality of life was good; 1 (4%) consultant offered vaccine to all long-stay @entity1 . In the winter of 1992-3, the mean proportion of residents immunised in private nursing homes was 65%, in residential homes 68.5%, and in long-stay National Health Service wards 4.5%. GPs commented that annual publicity was confusing for the public, vaccine was not available at the right time and there was uncertainty on the efficacy of the vaccine. Hospital consultants were reluctant to immunise @entity1 with a poor quality of life or who were demented and unable to give consent. CONCLUSIONS: A large majority of GPs followed official advice and offered @entity683 vaccine to long-stay @entity1 and other at risk groups. Hospital consultants offered @entity683 vaccine only to a small proportion of their long-stay @entity1 , primarily those with a good quality of life.

title: A review of XXXX immunisation in Lothian.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Endometriosis is a leading cause of @entity249 , and recent studies suggest that @entity1243 and @entity1254 may have a role in its causation and progression. This study assessed levels of @entity1243 and @entity1254 in serum and peritoneal fluid (PF) in @entity1 with @entity46 and @entity249 . DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional study included @entity1 undergoing diagnostic and/or therapeutic laparoscopy for @entity46 with chief complaint of @entity249 . Following laparoscopy, @entity1 diagnosed with @entity46 served as cases while @entity1 with no @entity46 served as controls. @entity1 with @entity3610 , @entity6 , @entity1374 and @entity1 on prior therapy with @entity1872 or @entity3086 were excluded from the study. @entity1243 and @entity1254 levels were analysed in blood and PF using commercially available ELISA kits. RESULTS: Of the 50 @entity1 (aged 22-41 years), 15 had @entity46 (cases) while 35 had no @entity46 (controls). The median PF @entity1243 level was significantly higher in cases as compared to controls (27.7 vs. 15.6 ng/ml, p = 0.019), and this remained significant even when PF @entity1243 was BMI-normalised (p = 0.004). However, median serum @entity1243 and @entity1254 levels remained comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed the role of PF @entity1243 in causation and progression of @entity46 . However, this would have been definitive if healthy fertile females were included in this study.

title: Peritoneal fluid @entity1243 levels are increased but @entity1254 levels are not changed in @entity249 XXXX with pelvic endometriosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3086 :: ('MESH:D016729', 'Chemical') :: ['leuprolide']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovarian syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroiditis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During the last 20 years Austrian @entity146 services underwent fundamental changes, as a focus was set on downsizing @entity146 hospitals. Little is known about how restructuring of mental health services affected @entity1 with @entity308 and suicide rates. METHODS: Monthly hospital discharges from all hospitals in Austria with the diagnosis of @entity308 as primary reason for inpatient treatment were obtained for the time period between 1989 and 2008. These data were correlated with relevant parameters from the general health system, such as number of hospital beds, suicide rate, density of psychotherapists and sales of antidepressants. RESULTS: While the number of @entity146 beds was reduced by almost 30%, the total annual numbers of inpatient treatment episodes for @entity308 increased by 360%. This increase was stronger for @entity1 than for @entity1 . Further on this development was accompanied by a decrease in the suicide rate and an improvement in the availability of professional outpatient mental health service providers. LIMITATIONS: Only aggregated @entity1 data and no single case histories were available for this study. The validity of the correct diagnosis of @entity308 must be doubted, as most likely not all @entity1 were seen by a clinical expert. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that although inpatient treatment for @entity308 dramatically increased, reduction of @entity146 beds did not lead to an increase of suicide rates.

title: Inpatient treatment of @entity308 in Austria between 1989 and 2009: impact of downsizing of XXXX hospitals on admissions, suicide rates and outpatient @entity146 services.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'major depression', 'unipolar major depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: @entity2227 and @entity935 disturbances are implicated in frontal @entity409 in @entity161 . Little, however, is known about the nature of @entity935 D(1) and @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor interactions in the illness, nor of the extent of their co-involvement in antipsychotic drug response. It is well known that early life adversity may pre-date the development of @entity161 . Using a neurodevelopmental model of @entity161 , namely post weaning social isolation rearing (SIR), we studied the effect of SIR (post natal day 21-61) on frontal cortical @entity143 and D(1) receptor binding characteristics with/without chronic @entity1767 (0.1 mg/kg/day i.p.) or @entity1088 (5 mg/kg/day i.p.) treatment, undertaken from post-natal day 50-60. SIR increased frontal cortical @entity143 -density, with decreased affinity (decreased pK(D)), but reduced D(1) receptor density (without effects on pK(D)). In socially reared animals, @entity1088 but not @entity1767 increased @entity143 receptor density without effects on pK(D.) Neither drug markedly affected D(1) receptor density, although @entity1088 increased D(1) affinity. Increased @entity143 density in SIR animals was unaffected by @entity1767 , but further increased by @entity1088 . However, SIR-associated decrease in @entity143 affinity remained unaltered despite drug treatment. Reduced D(1) receptor density in SIR animals was exacerbated by @entity1767 , but unaltered by @entity1088 , without changes in pK(D). SIR thus induces opposing effects on frontal cortical @entity143 and D(1) radio-receptor binding characteristics, which has direct bearing on the mutual interplay of these receptors in @entity161 . The ability of SIR to affect @entity143 receptor affinity warrants deeper study. Furthermore, at the doses examined, in contrast to @entity1767 , @entity1088 bolsters frontal cortical glutamatergic but stabilizes D(1) dopaminergic pathways in a neurodevelopmental animal model of @entity161 , possibly explaining the atypical clinical characteristics of this drug.

title: The effects of sub-chronic @entity1088 and @entity1767 administration on isolation rearing induced changes in frontal cortical XXXX and D1 receptor binding in rats.

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']


abstract: Elevated @entity515 levels ( @entity2944 ) frequently occur in @entity1 with @entity3885 and are associated with increased mortality. However, the effects of @entity2944 on non-neuronal tissues and the mechanisms that mediate these effects are largely unknown. Here, we develop @entity238 as a genetically tractable model for defining non-neuronal @entity515 responses and response pathways. We show that @entity2944 significantly impairs embryonic morphogenesis, egg laying, and egg hatching even in mutants lacking the Gr63a neuronal @entity515 sensor. Consistent with previous reports that @entity520 can suppress @entity1 NF-kappaB-regulated innate immune genes, we find that in adult flies and the phagocytic immune-responsive S2* cell line, @entity2944 suppresses induction of specific antimicrobial peptides that are regulated by Relish, a conserved Rel/NF-kappaB family member. Correspondingly, modest @entity2944 (7-13%) increases mortality of flies inoculated with @entity797 , A. tumefaciens, or @entity794 . During @entity797 and A. tumefaciens infection, increased bacterial loads were observed, indicating that @entity2944 can decrease host resistance. Hypercapnic immune suppression is not mediated by acidosis, the olfactory @entity515 receptor Gr63a, or by @entity842 signaling. Further, @entity2944 does not induce responses characteristic of @entity519 , oxidative stress, or @entity1457 . Finally, proteolysis of the Relish IkappaB-like domain is unaffected by @entity2944 , indicating that immunosuppression acts downstream of, or in parallel to, Relish proteolytic activation. Our results suggest that hypercapnic immune suppression is mediated by a conserved response pathway, and illustrate a mechanism by which @entity2944 could contribute to worse outcomes of @entity1 with @entity358 , who frequently suffer from both @entity2944 and @entity1729 .

title: Elevated XXXX suppresses specific @entity238 innate immune responses and resistance to bacterial infection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['advanced lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity515 :: (CHEBI:29334,Chemical) :: ['CO2']


abstract: The underlying treatment of @entity955 comprises two possible options. In the best of cases, sinus rhythm obtained by cardioversion must be maintained by appropriate therapy. This solution is the best option for preventing the risks of @entity887 or of @entity296 . In refractory cases, the remaining option is to control the ventricular response. The principle is to maintain the rhythm within acceptable limits (70 to 90/min at rest), an action which also aims to limit the response to effort. This results in a symptomatic improvement and protects myocardial function. Digitalis is the commonest drug used for controlling the ventricular response. It is usually successful at recommended therapeutic doses, but often fails to control the response to effort. Adjustment of dosage using plasma concentrations may improve the situation. Another method of improving the control of the ventricular response is to associate digitalis with beta-blockers or @entity460 inhibitors. The risk of this option is the induction of an excessive @entity1168 but, on the other hand, the response to exercise can be reduced and the variations of ventricular response decreased over a 24 hour period. In forms resistant to pharmacological treatment, it is possible to intervene directly on the atrioventricular conduction pathways. Radio frequency current is used in this indication. Sometimes, the objective is only to alter atrioventricular conduction to reduce the ventricular response to @entity955 . In fact, this is often difficult to obtain and a number of cases develops complete @entity713 . In general, the aim is to create complete @entity713 which is then associated with implantation of a pacemaker.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Control of ventricular response in patients with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial deterioration']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 41-year- @entity1 was admitted because of @entity272 in cold sensation in the right hand. His brother had suffered @entity1164 , aged 42 years. INVESTIGATIONS: Angiography demonstrated @entity432 of the digital artery of the right thumb. Transesophageal echocardiography showed a persistent foramen ovale ( @entity22105 ) with an @entity439 of the atrial septum (ASA) with marked right-to-left shunt of contrast medium during a Valsalva maneuvre as well as two smaller septal fenestrations. There was no evidence of any other source of @entity887 . The resting electrocardiogram showed an incomplete @entity714 with ST elevations in V (1)-V (3), changes like those described in @entity1789 . TREATMENT AND COURSE: @entity2121 having been demonstrated, the @entity22105 with ASA were closed with a percutaneously introduced Helex septum occluder. Later an @entity737 ( @entity737 ) was introduced. CONCLUSIONS: A @entity22105 , particularly if associated with an @entity439 , is an important site of @entity2121 . In symptomatic @entity1 percutaneous transcatheter septal occlusion should be considered preceding any @entity737 insertion thought necessary for concurrent @entity1789 .

title: [Interventional catheter closure of persistent foramen ovale ( XXXX ) in a @entity1 with @entity2121 and @entity1789 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1789 :: ('MESH:D053840', 'Disease') :: ["Brugada's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity2121 :: ('MESH:D019320', 'Disease') :: ['paradoxical embolism', 'Paradoxical embolism']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter-defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['atrial aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['acute bluish-grey skin discoloration']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['embolic occlusion']

answer: @entity22105 :: (CHEBI:60590,Chemical) :: ['PFO']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity24172 is a selective @entity750 2C receptor agonist that could be useful in reducing body weight. METHODS: In this double-blind clinical trial, we randomly assigned 3182 @entity28 or overweight adults (mean body-mass index [the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters] of 36.2) to receive @entity24172 at a dose of 10 mg, or placebo, twice daily for 52 weeks. All @entity1 also underwent diet and exercise counseling. At week 52, @entity1 in the placebo group continued to receive placebo but @entity1 in the @entity24172 group were randomly reassigned to receive either placebo or @entity24172 . Primary outcomes were @entity353 at 1 year and maintenance of @entity353 at 2 years. Serial echocardiography was used to identify @entity1 in whom valvulopathy (as defined by the Food and Drug Administration) developed. RESULTS: At 1 year, 55.4% of @entity1 (883 of 1595) receiving @entity24172 and 45.1% of @entity1 (716 of 1587) receiving placebo remained in the trial; 1553 @entity1 continued into year 2. At 1 year, 47.5% of @entity1 in the @entity24172 group and 20.3% in the placebo group had lost 5% or more of their body weight (P<0.001), corresponding to an average loss of 5.8+/-0.2 kg with @entity24172 and 2.2+/-0.1 kg with placebo during year 1 (P<0.001). Among the @entity1 who received @entity24172 during year 1 and who had lost 5% or more of their baseline weight at 1 year, the loss was maintained in more @entity1 who continued to receive @entity24172 during year 2 (67.9%) than in @entity1 who received placebo during year 2 (50.3%, P<0.001). Among 2472 @entity1 evaluated at 1 year and 1127 evaluated at 2 years, the rate of @entity299 was not increased with the use of @entity24172 . Among the most frequent adverse events reported with @entity24172 were @entity10 , @entity1296 , and @entity390 . The rates of serious adverse events in the two groups were similar. CONCLUSIONS: In conjunction with behavioral modification, @entity24172 was associated with significant @entity353 and improved maintenance of @entity353 , as compared with placebo. (Funded by Arena Pharmaceuticals; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00395135.)

title: Multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of XXXX for weight management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity24172 :: ('MESH:C506658', 'Chemical') :: ['Lorcaserin', 'lorcaserin']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac valvulopathy']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity24172 :: (MESH:C506658,Chemical) :: ['lorcaserin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the effects of @entity2815 (ACE inhibitor) on arterial blood pressure (ABP) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI). METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 (7 @entity1 , 12 @entity1 ) with mean age 38.2 +/- 10.2 years, with mild to moderate @entity101 were evaluated. Besides raised blood pressure, the necessary inclusion criterion was the presence of @entity4346 detected by echocardiogram. After a wash-out period, all @entity1 were given placebo followed by the active drug @entity2815 at a dose of 10 mg once a day. For those @entity1 who did not achieve a satisfactory control of the blood pressure (BP) 25 mg of @entity9804 was added. All @entity1 underwent 180 days of @entity2815 treatment. RESULTS: The ABP was gradually controlled as follow: at seated position the systolic BP changed from 156.05 +/- 5.07 mmHg to 129 +/- 3.74 mmHg (p < 0.001) and the diastolic BP from 99.74 +/- 1.59 mmHg to 81.8 +/- 2.27 mmHg (p < 0.001). At orthostatic position the systolic BP changed from 156.9 +/- 5.35 mmHg to 124.28 +/- 5.33 mmHg (p < 0.001) and the diastolic BP from 101.7 +/- 1.34 to 81.36 +/- 2.81 (p < 0.001). The heart rate did not change significantly during the study. The LVMI decreased significantly from 182.4 +/- 9.2g/m2 to 122.6 +/- 4.2g/m2 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our data revealed that 100% of the @entity1 achieved satisfactory degrees of LVMI regression and in 34% there was a normalization of it.

title: [Reversal of XXXX after the use of @entity2815 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2815 :: ('MESH:C044946', 'Chemical') :: ['benazepril']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity9804 :: ('MESH:D002752', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorthalidone']

answer: @entity4346 :: (MESH:D017379,Disease) :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fine-needle aspiration cytology is frequently used for differential diagnosis of neck masses of unknown origin. Inconclusive and even false-negative results are not uncommon. AIM: To evaluate the utility of @entity3745 (Tg) measurement in fine-needle aspirates (FNA-Tg) for detecting cervical lymph node (CLNs) metastases from differentiated @entity259 . METHODS: An ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration was done in 67 @entity1 with 83 suspicious enlarged CLNs to obtain material for cytology and Tg measurement in the needle washout, using an immunometric chemiluminescent assay. Measurement of anti-Tg antibodies (FNA-TgAb) was also carried out in half of all the aspirates. Subjects were divided into two groups: one of 16 @entity1 awaiting thyroidectomy and the other of 51 @entity1 in follow-up after surgery. RESULTS: The first group of @entity1 had positive FNA biopsy (FNAB-Tg) in 14 out of the 18 studied CLNs with a range of 3.2-43 352 ng/ml, while FNAB-cytology indicated @entity3 in only 8 out of the 14 CLNs with positive histology. A total of 65 CLNs were studied in the follow-up group. Lymphadenectomy was performed in 23 @entity1 and 28 aspirated CLNs were removed. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of @entity3 suggested by FNAB-Tg in 20 CLNs and of reactive @entity3298 in the remaining 8 CLNs. FNAB-cytology was positive in only 11 CLNs. Sensitivity of FNAB-Tg was not affected by the studied FNAB-TgAb. CONCLUSIONS: The FNAB-Tg achieved a sensitivity of 100% in both groups. FNAB-Tg is an easy and inexpensive technique which proved to increase the diagnostic of cytology in the early diagnosis of @entity1377 recurrence to CLN even in the presence of serum TgAb.

title: XXXX detection in fine-needle aspirates of cervical lymph nodes: a technique for the diagnosis of metastatic @entity259 .

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenitis']

answer: @entity3745 :: (7038,Gene) :: ['Thyroglobulin']


abstract: AIM: During vascular reconstructive surgery using ePTFE grafts, control of @entity548 through suture holes may be time consuming and therefore costly. The ideal sealant has not yet been established. A prospective randomised trial using @entity3080 (ETHICON OMNEX Surgical Sealant) showed that the sealant was better than oxidized regenerated cellulose; therefore, a single-arm study to evaluate the performance of a @entity3080 surgical sealant in a range of vascular reconstructions was initiated. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing AV access or vascular reconstruction below the diaphragm were included. The sealant was applied to a dry surgical field following completion of the @entity254 , and then allowed to set for 120 s prior to clamp removal. The primary endpoint was time from clamp release to haemostasis, defined as the absence of any detectable @entity548 as determined by the surgeon. Secondary endpoints included the proportion of anastomotic sites achieving haemostasis within 0, 1, 5 and 10 min of post-clamp release, graft type used, frequency of adjunctive measures and number of each type of procedure. Safety endpoints included adverse events from operation until discharge or 48 h. RESULTS: One hundred and ten (110) @entity1 were enrolled at 5 centres; 5 were subsequently excluded from the study. In the remaining 105 @entity1 , there were 157 evaluable anastomotic sites. Mean (SD) and median time to hemostasis by site was 23.2 (77.2) and 0.0 s, respectively. Immediate haemostasis was achieved in 71.3% (112/157) of sites and in 93.6%, 96.8% and 100% within 1, 5 and 10 min, respectively. In the analysis by graft material, haemostasis was immediate in 64.8%, 66.7% and 81.1% of sites in the PTFE, Dacron and autologous groups, respectively. Additional adjunctive measures were required in 3/158 (1.9%) sites in 3 @entity1 . All had initially achieved haemostasis but intra-operative @entity548 recurred. There were 12 adverse events, one of which was considered serious but unrelated to the device. CONCLUSION: The time to haemostasis in this study was comparable to that reported in a previous publication. The @entity3080 surgical sealant was found to be safe and effective in a variety of vascular reconstruction procedures.

title: A single arm, prospective study of an absorbable XXXX surgical sealant for use in vascular reconstructions as an adjunct to conventional techniques to achieve haemostasis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3080 :: ('MESH:D003487', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity3080 :: (MESH:D003487,Chemical) :: ['cyanoacrylate']


abstract: The present study was undertaken to assess the @entity137 following short-term exposure to @entity5179 (a-CP) in albino @entity19 . @entity5179 was dissolved in arachis oil and administered to two groups of @entity19 (n = 12/group) orally at the dose rate of 250 mg/kg body weight, once a day for 28 days. Fifty percent of the animals in both the groups were sacrificed on day 14 and the remaining on day 28. Plasma samples were subjected to radioimmunoassay to determine @entity251 levels. The testes were collected to determine the @entity165 levels and the activity of transaminases (AST and @entity5682 ) or epididymal alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Histological study of testicular tissue was also undertaken to examine the a-CP-induced ultrastructural changes using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). a-CP significantly (P<0.05) increased the activities of testicular AST (1.36  0.12 vs. 1.19  0.10), @entity5682 (1.78  0.11 vs. 1.36  0.09), and significantly (P<0.05) decreased the @entity251 levels (0.86  0.24 vs. 1.72  0.18). Testicular @entity165 levels were elevated in treated animals as compared to control (1.81  0.16 vs. 1.42  0.08). Epididymal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was also decreased significantly (P<0.05) in treated animals (1.10  0.20 vs. 1.64  0.1). Histological studies on day 28 revealed @entity397 of spermatogonic cell membrane, shrinkage in the nucleus, stages of apoptosis, condensation of chromatin, and decreased cytoplasmic organelles. The study suggested that short-term exposure to a-CP in albino @entity19 induced toxicopathological lesions in testicular tissue leading to decreased plasma @entity251 levels.

title: Evaluation of Testicular XXXX Following Short-term Exposure to @entity5179 in Albino @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['testicular toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5179 :: ('MESH:C017160', 'Chemical') :: ['Cypermethrin', 'cypermethrin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: We have evaluated the specificity and sensitivity of temporalis @entity19716 measurements for the diagnosis of @entity10 . Ninety-four outpatients diagnosed according to IHS criteria were prospectively included: 25 had chronic @entity2701 (code 2.2.), 15 @entity2701 (code 2.1.), 20 @entity5330 (code 1.1.) and 34 chronic @entity2794 with daily analgesics/ @entity3860 abuse (code 8.2.). In chronic tension-type, the sensitivity of the @entity19716 test was 84% at the 0.1 and the 0.5 Hz, but only 56% at the 2Hz stimulation rates. Its specificity was 100% at 0.1Hz, 90% at 0.5Hz and 95% at 2Hz compared to @entity2704 ; positive predictive values were at similar levels. Sensitivity of @entity19716 at 0.1 Hz was 67% in @entity2701 , but its positive predictive value versus @entity2704 was excellent. Comparing chronic @entity2701 and analgesic abusers, the specificity and positive predictive value of the @entity19716 test for diagnosing chronic @entity2701 were less satisfactory (60%) while the negative predictive values, however, remained good (83% at 0.1Hz). The results confirm that the temporalis @entity19716 test has a higher diagnostic sensitivity in chronic and @entity2701 , but that it has a high negative predictive value for both types of @entity2701 compared to other @entity10 . For diagnostic purposes, the 0.1Hz stimulation rate seems optimal. The 2Hz stimulation rate is the least sensitive, although it may induce total disappearance of @entity19716 in up to 40% of @entity1 . @entity19716 is of limited usefulness for separating chronic @entity2701 and chronic @entity734 , possibly because the latter group comprises both @entity2701 and @entity2704 @entity1 .

title: Specificity and sensitivity of temporalis XXXX measurements in the diagnosis of chronic @entity10 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3860 :: ('MESH:D004878', 'Chemical') :: ['ergotamine']

entities_list: @entity5330 :: ('MESH:D020326', 'Disease') :: ['migraine without aura']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['daily headaches']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['episodic tension-type headache', 'tension-type headache']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['primary headaches']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug-abuse headache']

answer: @entity19716 :: (8220,Gene) :: ['ES2']


abstract: Hemifacial @entity2473 (HFS) is defined as an involuntary, irregular clonic, or tonic movement of muscles innervated by the @entity2103 . It is reported that the coexistence of non-motor- and motor-related symptoms can be seen in @entity1 with HFS. @entity132 were investigated in some @entity717 ; however, @entity854 due to HFS had not been reported before. In this study, we aimed to investigate the @entity854 in @entity1 with HFS. In this cross-sectional, controlled study, Tinetti Balance and Gait Test (TBGT) scores and static posturography were performed on fifteen @entity1 with HFS and fifteen healthy age- and sex-matched controls. The total TBGT score and TBGT-balance score were found to be significantly lower in the @entity1 group than in the control group (p values were, respectively, 0.046 and 0.011). The ratio of the @entity1 with high risk of falling was 40  %, and the difference was found to be significantly higher in the @entity1 group (p value  =  0.008). In Fourier analyses, a significant difference was found in the medium to high frequencies ( @entity742 ) when the posturographic evaluation was performed on a solid ground with closed eyes, @entity717 to right, and @entity717 to the left positions (p values were, respectively, 0.045 and 0.007). The stability index of the HFS group was significantly higher than the control group when tested on the neutral, head right, and head left positions (p values were, respectively, 0.004, 0.049, and 0.003). In conclusion, our study showed that the @entity1 with HFS have more balance and falling problems than the controls, which can be both clinically and posturographically determined.

title: Hemifacial @entity2473 and XXXX ; clinical and posturographical analyses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['Postural disturbances']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral seventh cranial nerve']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['postural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders', 'head rotated']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['postural abnormalities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical and neurophysiological effects of neurofeedback (NF) as treatment for @entity1 with @entity71 are still unclear. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) examined electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectra before and after NF compared to @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) treatment and physical activity (PA) - as semi-active control group - during resting and active (effortful) task conditions to determine whether NF can induce sustained alterations in brain function. METHODS: Using a multicentre three-way parallel group RCT design, 112 @entity1 with a DSM-IV diagnosis of @entity71 , aged between 7 and 13  years, were initially included. NF training consisted of 30 sessions of theta/beta training at Cz over a 10-week period. PA training was a semi-active control group, matched in frequency and duration. @entity2727 was titrated using a double-blind placebo controlled procedure in 6  weeks, followed by a stable dose for 4  weeks. EEG power spectra measures during eyes open (EO), eyes closed (EC) and task (effortful) conditions were available for 81 @entity1 at pre- and postintervention (n  =  29 NF, n  =  25 @entity7541 , n  =  27 PA). CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: Train Your Brain? Exercise and Neurofeedback Intervention for @entity71 , https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/;NCT01363544, Ref. No. NCT01363544. RESULTS: Both NF and @entity7541 resulted in comparable reductions in theta power from pre- to postintervention during the EO condition compared to PA (  p (2)   =  .08 and .12). For NF, greater reductions in theta were related to greater reductions in @entity71 symptoms. During the task condition, only @entity7541 showed reductions in theta and alpha power compared to PA (  p (2)   =  .10 and .12). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence for specific neurophysiological effects after theta/beta NF and @entity7541 treatment in @entity1 with @entity71 . However, for NF these effects did not generalize to an active task condition, potentially explaining reduced behavioural effects of NF in the classroom.

title: A randomized controlled trial into the effects of neurofeedback, @entity2727 , and physical activity on EEG power spectra in XXXX with @entity71 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate', 'methylphenidate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The purpose of this overview is to quantitatively assess the conflicting body of literature concerning the efficacy of physical therapy modalities for clearing bronchial secretions in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ). The modalities examined included positive expiratory pressure (PEP) mask, forced expiratory technique (FET), exercise (EX), @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ), and @entity4270 (STD), consisting of postural drainage, percussion, and vibration. Computerized searches of the MEDLINE and Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health databases were performed for the years from 1966 to 1993. The authors of relevant papers were contacted for unpublished information. Studies were considered relevant if they met the following criteria: randomized trials in @entity1 with a definite diagnosis of @entity1577 ; an intervention of any combination of @entity7955 , FET, STD, @entity5173 , or EX; and an outcome of FEV1, sputum weight, or sputum clearance. A review of 456 citations yielded 65 potentially relevant trials and 8 review articles; of these, 35 met the inclusion criteria and were incorporated into the overview. These studies evaluated different combinations of physical therapy modalities; therefore, we performed seven separate meta-analyses comparing the independent techniques using the pooled effect size technique. Standard physical therapy resulted in a significantly greater sputum expectoration than no treatment (effect size of 0.61 SD units, p < 0.0001). The combination of standard therapy with EX with associated with a statistically significant increase in FEV1 over STD alone (effect size of 0.48 SD units, p = 0.04). No other differences between physical therapy modalities were found.

title: Chest physical therapy management of @entity1 with XXXX . A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['standard physical therapy']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['autogenic drainage', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a magnetization prepared-rapid gradient-echo (MP- @entity5764 ) sequence as a three-dimensional T1-weighted MR imaging technique for staging @entity150 and to compare this technique with a commonly used two-dimensional T1-weighted spin-echo sequence technique. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: For 28 consecutive @entity1 with @entity150 , MR findings and staging results were compared with histopathologic findings after surgery or autopsy. MR imaging was performed at 1.5 T with a Helmholtz double-surface coil. Conventional T1-weighted spin-echo, three-dimensional MP- @entity5764 , T2-weighted spin-echo or turbo-spin-echo, and dynamic T1-weighted fast gradient-echo sequences were used. Signal difference-to-noise ratios and T1 contrast were calculated by use of operator-defined regions of interest. RESULTS: The signal difference-to-noise ratios for fluid- @entity5 and fat- @entity5 were, respectively, factors of 1.6 and 2.7 better with T1-weighted spin-echo sequences. T1 contrast of fluid- @entity5 was a factor of 2.6 better with three-dimensional MP- @entity5764 sequences, resulting in better recognition of small @entity5 , @entity843 , and dilated ureters. T1 contrast for fat- @entity5 was a factor of 2.0 better with T1-weighted spin-echo sequences. With the MP- @entity5764 sequence, motion artifacts were fewer in number than those noted with the T1-weighted spin-echo sequence, and susceptibility artifacts were equal in number to those noted with the T1-weighted spin-echo sequence. Using the three-dimensional technique, we performed off-line reconstruction of 1- to 2-mm high-resolution images in every desired plane. Because of higher spatial resolution, the availability of multiplanar reconstructions, and better fluid- @entity5 contrast and despite lower signal difference-to-noise ratios, three-dimensional MP- @entity5764 images resulted in better recognition of local @entity5 extension (n = 11), adhesions and bowel wall invasion (n = 5), lymph node @entity3 (n = 2), and bone marrow @entity3 (n = 2). The staging accuracy for the combination of three-dimensional MP- @entity5764 , T2-weighted, and dynamic sequences was 93%; that for the combination of two-dimensional T1-weighted spin-echo, T2-weighted, and dynamic sequences was 78%. Nodal staging was also more accurate with MP- @entity5764 sequences (accuracy of 93% vs 86% for T1-weighted spin-echo sequences). CONCLUSION: Compared with two-dimensional T1-weighted spin-echo imaging, three-dimensional MP- @entity5764 imaging resulted in a 15% improvement in staging. Our findings suggest that optimal staging of @entity150 requires three-dimensional imaging techniques.

title: Staging XXXX : value of T1-weighted three-dimensional magnetization prepared-rapid gradient-echo and two-dimensional spin-echo sequences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder carcinoma', 'urinary bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['urinary bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Discuss the course of @entity656 in pregnant @entity1 and demonstrate that most attacks of @entity788 in pregnancy are mild. METHODS: This article is a retrospective case series study. Eight @entity1 with @entity656 during pregnancy were seen in referral-based obstetric practice at our department in the last 5 years. Five of them had either @entity5990 or @entity407 . Two @entity1 had both @entity5990 and @entity407 . One @entity1 was lost to follow-up at 33 weeks gestation. The others were followed at least one month post-partum. Conservative treatment was instituted for @entity788 and a fat-restricted diet was instituted for @entity407 . RESULTS: There was no maternal mortality and only one @entity5617 . Acute @entity788 occurred in both primipara and multipara @entity1 . @entity3152 or @entity1468 may occur in pregnancy complicated by @entity656 . Most @entity1 experience relief from the @entity788 soon after delivery. Two @entity1 underwent cesarean section, one was due to fetal distress and the other was elective. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis and treatment is of utmost importance. @entity5990 and/or @entity407 seems to have a specific link with @entity656 in pregnancy. Although @entity656 is a rare complication of pregnancy, we present evidence that both maternal and fetal mortality can be minimized if appropriately treated.

title: Acute XXXX in pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['Preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones', 'Gallstones']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal death']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of @entity6494 in @entity1 according to the International Classification of @entity5 (ICCC-3) in the population covered by the Girona, Valencia, and Zaragoza population-based @entity5 registries and compare it with the incidence rates in other European countries. All haematological @entity5 (HMs) registered between 1993 and 2002 in @entity1 below 15 years of age were included in the study. Pathological and haematological diagnoses were reviewed, recoded according to International Classification of Diseases for Oncology-3 and reclassified on the basis of ICCC-3. Sex and age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated, using the world population as standard. Five hundred and seventy-one HMs were registered in the Girona, Valencia and Zaragoza Cancer Registries during the study period. According to ICCC-3, precursor cell @entity1778 were the most frequent HMs in @entity1 and constituted 60% of all HMs (an age-adjusted incidence rate of 42.7 per million @entity1 -years). The second most frequent childhood HM was @entity978 (11.2% of all HMs), yielding an age-adjusted standardized incidence rate of 6.3 per million @entity1 -years. With regard to myeloid lineage, acute @entity1778 were the most frequent with a rate of 7.9 per million @entity1 -years. The standardized incidence rates for @entity1778 (1.19) and @entity2109 (3.94) were statistically higher than the rates observed in Europe. Compared with European data, Spain has a high incidence of @entity6494 . In particular, a high incidence of @entity2109 was observed. The causes of this geographical variation are still unknown.

title: Population-based incidence of XXXX in Spain (1993-2002).

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Childhood Cancer third edition', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ['Burkitt lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6494 :: ('MESH:D015459', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemias and lymphomas', 'lymphoid leukaemias and lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukaemias', 'leukaemias', 'lymphoid leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity6494 :: (MESH:D015459,Disease) :: ['childhood leukaemias and lymphomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to examine whether or not the administration of @entity904 (VA) protects against @entity1499 ( @entity1500 )-induced damage to small intestinal epithelium. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-three male @entity35 albino @entity35 , 10-12 weeks old, weighing 240-280 g, were divided into three groups: (1) controls, (2) @entity35 receiving @entity1500 treatment alone, and (3) @entity35 receiving @entity1500 plus VA treatment. A single dose of @entity1500 (20 mg/kg @entity1500 in 20 ml vehicle) was administered to the @entity35 intraperitoneally. For @entity1500 plus VA treated groups, @entity6247 (VA) 5,000 IU/kg dissolved in 0.5 ml sunflower oil was administered by intragastric tube 3 days prior to @entity1500 treatment and continued till the @entity35 were sacrificed. The control group was treated with vehicle. Both control and @entity1500 -alone groups were also treated with sunflower oil as a placebo. The @entity35 were sacrificed on the 2nd, 4th and 6th day after @entity1500 treatment. Tissue samples from the jejunum were taken for histopathological analysis. RESULTS: @entity1500 treatment induced villus shortening and fusion, @entity194 , crypt loss, inflammatory infiltrate in the lamina propria, and goblet cell depletion. The pre- and post-treatment administration of VA decreased the severity of @entity16 caused by @entity1500 treatment. CONCLUSION: Our results confirmed that administration of VA decreased the @entity1500 -induced damage to the small intestine. This protective effect of VA may have clinical applications in @entity5 chemotherapy.

title: Effect of XXXX against @entity1499 -induced damage to the small intestine in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity6247 :: ('MESH:C014794', 'Chemical') :: ['retinol palmitate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['jejunal damage']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity904 :: (MESH:D014801,Chemical) :: ['vitamin A']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The superiority of @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ) grafting to the @entity6128 ( @entity6128 ) is well established. Patency rates of 80%-90% have been reported at 10-year follow-up. However, the superiority of sequential @entity3538 grafting has not been proven. Our aim was to compare patency rates after sequential @entity3538 grafting to a diagonal branch and the @entity6128 with patency rates of @entity3538 grafting to the @entity6128 and separate vein grafting to a diagonal branch. METHODS: A total of 58 coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) @entity1 , operated on between 01/2000 and 12/2002, underwent multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) between 2006 and 2008. Of these @entity1 , 29 had undergone sequential @entity3538 grafting to a diagonal branch and to the @entity6128 ("Sequential" Group), while in 29 the @entity6128 and a diagonal branch were separately grafted with @entity3538 and vein ("Separate" Group). Patencies of all anastomoses were investigated. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 1958  208 days. The patency rate of the @entity6128 anastomosis was 100% in the Sequential Group and 93% in the Separate Group (p=0.04). The patency rate of the diagonal branch anastomosis was 100% in the Sequential Group and 89% in the Separate Group (p=0.04). Mean intraoperative flow on @entity3538 graft was not different between groups (69  8ml/min in the Sequential Group and 68  9ml/min in the Separate Group, p=n.s.). CONCLUSION: Patency rates of both the @entity6128 and the diagonal branch anastomoses were higher after sequential arterial grafting compared with separate arterial and venous grafting at 5-year follow-up. This indicates that, with regard to the antero-lateral wall of the left ventricle, there is an advantage to sequential arterial grafting compared with separate arterial and venous grafting.

title: Comparison of sequential @entity3538 grafting and separate XXXX and venous grafting : A 5-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6128 :: ('MESH:D020243', 'Disease') :: ['left anterior descending artery', 'LAD']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['LITA', 'left internal thoracic artery']

answer: @entity3538 :: (MESH:D002341,Disease) :: ['left internal thoracic artery']


abstract: Medical examiners and coroners investigate @entity204 that are sudden, unexplained, and violent. Oftentimes these @entity204 are a consequence of @entity281 , many of which have public health consequences. Additionally, because @entity204 from bioterrorism are homicides, they fall under the jurisdiction of medical examiners and coroners. Surveillance for @entity204 can enhance the opportunities to recognize these @entity204 . Beginning in 2000, the New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator developed and tested a medical examiner surveillance model for bioterrorism and infectious disease mortality ("Med-X") using a set of symptoms to determine which cases should receive an autopsy and a set of pathology-based syndromes for early reporting of cases to public health authorities. This model demonstrated that many of the symptoms had a high predictive value for @entity281 and were useful criteria for autopsy performance. The causative organism was identified for 81% of @entity281 of which 58% were notifiable conditions by public health standards. Uniform criteria for performing autopsies and reporting cases to public health authorities enhance surveillance for notifiable @entity166 and increase the probability of recognizing fatalities related to bioterrorism. We have developed guidelines for medical examiners, coroners and their public health partners to use in implementing Med-X surveillance in their jurisdictions. These guidelines encompass @entity1109 and syndromes, specimen collection and storage procedures, laboratory diagnostic approaches, and processes for case flow, case reporting, and data collection. We also suggest resources for autopsy biosafety information and funding.

title: Guidelines to implement medical examiner/coroner-based surveillance for fatal XXXX and bioterrorism ("Med-X").

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['definitions of symptoms']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease-related deaths', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['infectious diseases']


abstract: PURPOSE: Advances in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity970 ) and laparoscopic (LAP) techniques, including LAP-assisted @entity970 , offer alternatives to the standard open gastrostomy technique. This study compares the outcomes of the @entity970 and LAP techniques. METHODS: All gastrostomy tube placements were reviewed at our institution from January 2004 to October 2008. Demographic, procedural, and outcome data were collected. Univariate and logistic regression statistical analysis was performed with SPSS (SPSS, Chicago, IL), and P < or = .05 considered significant. RESULTS: Of 238 gastrostomy tubes placed, 134 were @entity970 (56.3%) and 104 were LAP (43.7%). Most tubes were inserted for failure to thrive (74.4%) and feeding difficulties (52.1%). @entity1 weight and age were increased and operative time decreased for @entity970 compared with other methods. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy @entity1 also had a statistically higher number of @entity260 , requiring a return trip to the operating room (P = .02). CONCLUSION: Minimally invasive @entity970 and LAP techniques have supplanted the open technique for most @entity1 . Operative time for @entity970 placement is shorter than other methods, and @entity1 chosen for the @entity970 method of placement are older and of greater weight. However, there were significant and more serious @entity260 requiring a second operation in the @entity970 group when compared with the LAP group.

title: Gastrostomy tube placement in XXXX and @entity1 : is there a preferred technique?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of @entity263 in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 1983 through 1992 to describe the secular changes that have occurred since the introduction of serum @entity1486 (PSA) testing to the community medical practice in 1987. DESIGN: Population-based, descriptive epidemiological study with ecological and individual level comparisons over time. STUDY SETTING: Olmsted County, Minnesota, where the Rochester Epidemiology Project provides passive surveillance of the population for health outcomes. SUBJECTS: All 511 biopsy-proven incident cases of @entity420 of the prostate diagnosed from 1983 through 1992. The community inpatient and outpatient medical records of all incident cases were reviewed to evaluate the presenting characteristics of @entity1 at the time of diagnosis. RESULTS: The age-adjusted incidence of biopsy-proven @entity263 increased from 64 per 100,000 @entity1 -years in 1983 to 216 per 100,000 @entity1 -years in 1992. The increase occurred primarily between 1987 and 1988 and was predominately for organ-confined @entity5 . The age-specific incidence increased dramatically in this same period among @entity1 aged 50 years and older. Among @entity1 aged 70 years and older, however, @entity263 incidence rates declined after 1990 following the initial increase. This decline among older @entity1 contrasted with community-based estimates of PSA utilization rates, which demonstrated consistent increases since 1987 to nearly 50% of the older population in 1992. CONCLUSION: These results support the premise that the recent increase in @entity263 is due in part to the increased utilization of serum PSA testing. Further, the increased incidence appears to be a transient phenomenon due to the depletion of previously undiagnosed cases from the previous pool. Finally, these data suggest that, in terms of stage at diagnosis, early detection efforts may be effective in identifying more early stage (smaller) cancers.

title: Incidence of @entity263 diagnosis in the eras before and after serum XXXX testing.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate carcinoma', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate-specific antigen']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity7369 inhibitor-responsive esophageal @entity1712 (PPI-REE) is diagnosed in at least one-third of @entity1 with suspected @entity5202 ( @entity5202 ). We aimed to evaluate the durability and factors influencing long-term efficacy of PPI therapy. METHODS: Retrospective multicenter cohort study of @entity1 with PPI-REE who had at least 12 months of follow-up. PPI therapy was tapered to the lowest dose, which maintained clinical remission. Primary outcomes were the proportion of @entity1 with loss of histological response (<15 eos/HPF) and predictors of loss of response. @entity4433 polymorphisms were determined from blood samples in a subset of @entity1 . RESULTS: Seventy-five PPI-REE @entity1 were included (mean follow-up 26 months (12-85)), of whom fifty-five (73%) had sustained histological remission on low-dose PPI therapy. Loss of response was significantly higher in those @entity1 with a @entity4433 rapid metabolizer genotype (36% vs. 6%, P   =   0.01) and with @entity7370 (40% vs. 13%, P   =   0.007). On the multivariate analysis, a @entity4433 rapid metabolizer genotype (odds ratio (OR) 12.5; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-115.9) and @entity7370 (OR 8.6; 95% CI: 1.5-48.7) were independent predictors of loss of response. Among relapsing @entity1 , @entity1712 was limited to the distal esophagus in 14/20 (70%). Nine of ten relapsers, with @entity1712 , all showing a @entity4433 rapid metabolizer genotype, regained histological remission after PPI dose intensification. CONCLUSIONS: Most PPI-REE @entity1 remain in long-term remission on low-dose PPI therapy. @entity4433 rapid metabolizer genotypes and @entity7370 were independent predictors of loss of response to PPI, but @entity1 frequently responded to @entity7371 dose escalation.

title: Long-Term Loss of Response in XXXX Inhibitor-Responsive Esophageal Eosinophilia Is Uncommon and Influenced by @entity4433 Genotype and @entity7370 .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia', 'distal eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity5202 :: ('MESH:D057765', 'Disease') :: ['EoE', 'eosinophilic esophagitis']

answer: @entity7369 :: (479,Gene) :: ['Proton Pump']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were to temporally and externally validate the diagnostic performance of two logistic regression models containing clinical and ultrasound variables in order to estimate the risk of @entity5 , and to compare the results with the subjective interpretation of ultrasound findings carried out by an experienced ultrasound examiner ('subjective assessment'). METHODS: @entity1 with @entity4134 , who were put forward by the 19 centers participating in the study, underwent a standardized transvaginal ultrasound examination by a gynecologist or a radiologist specialized in ultrasonography. The examiner prospectively collected information on clinical and ultrasound variables, and classified each mass as benign or malignant on the basis of subjective evaluation of ultrasound findings. The gold standard was the histology of the mass with local clinicians deciding whether to operate on the basis of ultrasound results and the clinical picture. The models' ability to discriminate between malignant and benign masses was assessed, together with the accuracy of the risk estimates. RESULTS: Of the 1938 @entity1 included in the study, 1396 had benign, 373 had primary invasive, 111 had borderline malignant and 58 had @entity3 . On external validation (997 @entity1 from 12 centers), the area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve (AUC) for a model containing 12 predictors (LR1) was 0.956, for a reduced model with six predictors (LR2) was 0.949 and for subjective assessment was 0.949. Subjective assessment gave a positive likelihood ratio of 11.0 and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.14. The corresponding likelihood ratios for a previously derived probability threshold (0.1) were 6.84 and 0.09 for LR1, and 6.36 and 0.10 for LR2. On temporal validation (941 @entity1 from seven centers), the AUCs were 0.945 (LR1), 0.918 (LR2) and 0.959 (subjective assessment). CONCLUSIONS: Both models provide excellent discrimination between benign and malignant masses. Because the models provide an objective and reasonably accurate risk estimation, they may improve the management of @entity1 with suspected ovarian pathology.

title: Ovarian cancer prediction in XXXX using ultrasound-based logistic regression models: a temporal and external validation study by the IOTA group.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy in adnexal masses']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['adnexal masses']

answer: @entity4134 :: (MESH:D000292,Disease) :: ['adnexal masses']


abstract: Although increased synchrony of the neural activity in the basal ganglia may underlie the motor deficiencies exhibited in @entity191 ( @entity191 ), how this synchrony arises, propagates through the basal ganglia, and changes under @entity935 replacement remains unknown. Gap junctions could play a major role in modifying this synchrony, because they show functional plasticity under the influence of @entity935 and after @entity130 . In this study, confocal imaging was used to detect connexin-36, the major neural gap junction protein, in postmortem tissues of @entity191 @entity1 and control subjects in the putamen, subthalamic nucleus (STN), and external and internal globus pallidus (GPe and @entity14243 , respectively). Moreover, we quantified how gap junctions affect synchrony in an existing computational model of the basal ganglia. We detected connexin-36 in the @entity1 putamen, GPe, and @entity14243 , but not in the STN. Furthermore, we found that the number of connexin-36 spots in @entity191 tissues increased by 50% in the putamen, 43% in the GPe, and 109% in the @entity14243 compared with controls. In the computational model, gap junctions in the GPe and @entity14243 strongly influenced synchrony. The basal ganglia became especially susceptible to synchronize with input from the cortex when gap junctions were numerous and high in conductance. In conclusion, connexin-36 expression in the @entity1 GPe and @entity14243 suggests that gap junctional coupling exists within these nuclei. In @entity191 , @entity130 and @entity935 depletion could increase this coupling. Therefore, we propose that gap junctions act as a powerful modulator of synchrony in the basal ganglia.    2014 International Parkinson and @entity717 Society.

title: Pallidal gap junctions-triggers of synchrony in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Movement Disorder']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['neural injury']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Twelve @entity6 @entity1 presenting a preproliferative or proliferative @entity989 were the subjects of our study. We studied the modifications of the visual fields, analyzed by computerized perimetry, after panretinal photocoagulation (PRP). For every @entity1 , two techniques of PRP were applied, one on each eye: C: conventional scattered treatment, G: cluster technique. Computerized perimetry was done within 10 days prior to PRP, and 4 to 8 weeks following it. We used the Octopus 500, programs 36 (0 to 30 degrees) and 44 (30 to 60 degrees). It appears that, before any treatment, there is a loss of retinal sensitivity excepted the more central zone. Concerning the loss of sensitivity, although the number of laser burns, is greater in group G, there is no statistical significative difference between the 2 groups. Nevertheless, it seems to be more heterogeneous in group G. However, we have not studied the visual field modifications after confluent PRP using up to 5,000 500 micron laser burns. Although there is a loss of retinal sensitivity after PRP, none of our @entity1 complained of it. PRP seems to us to be the only treatment able to prevent the natural evolution of preproliferative or proliferative @entity6 .

title: [Study of the visual field using automated static perimetry following panretinal photocoagulation in the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathies', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conventional methods for the aetiological diagnosis of @entity497 ( @entity497 ) are often insufficient owing to low sensitivity and the long wait for the results of culture and particularly serology, and it often these methods establish a diagnosis in only half of cases. AIM: To evaluate the most common bacterial and viral agents in @entity497 using a fast responsive PCR method and investigate the relationship between clinical/laboratory features and aetiology, thereby contributing to empirical antibiotic selection and reduction of treatment failure. METHODS: In @entity1 aged 4-15 years consecutively admitted with a diagnosis of @entity497 , the 10 most commonly detected bacterial and 12 most commonly detected viral agents were investigated by induced sputum using bacterial culture and multiplex PCR methods. Clinical and laboratory features were compared between bacterial and @entity5131 . RESULTS: In 78 @entity1 , at least one virus was detected in 38 (48.7%) and at least one bacterium in 32 (41%). In addition, both bacteria and viruses were detected in 16 (20.5%) @entity1 . Overall, the agent detection rate was 69.2%. The most common viruses were @entity10201 and @entity683 and the most frequently detected bacteria were @entity2260 and @entity327 . PCR was superior to culture for bacterial isolation (41% vs 13%, respectively). Fever, wheezing and radiological features were not helpful in differentiating between @entity5131 . White blood cell count, CRP and ESR values were significantly higher in the bacterial/mixed aetiology group than in the viral aetiology group. CONCLUSION: In @entity497 , multiplex PCR is highly reliable, superior in detecting multiple pathogens and rapidly identifies aetiological agents. Clinical features are poor for differentiation between @entity2348 . The use of PCR methods allow physicians to provide more appropriate antimicrobial therapy, resulting in a better response to treatment, and it may be possible for use as a routine service if costs can be reduced.

title: Value of multiplex PCR to determine the bacterial and viral aetiology of pneumonia in school-age XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5131 :: ('MESH:D011024', 'Disease') :: ['viral pneumonia', 'bacterial and viral CAP']

entities_list: @entity10201 :: ('12814', 'Species') :: ['respiratory syncytial virus']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['H. influenzae']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial and viral infections']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate quality of life, functional and oncological outcome after infravesical desobstruction and HIFU treatment for @entity263 . METHODS: One hundred thirty-one @entity1 , treated with TURP and HIFU in a single institution were followed up for oncological and functional outcome. Oncological outcome was quantified by biochemical recurrence free survival using the Stuttgart and Phoenix criteria. Quality of life was assessed by usage of standardized QLQ-C30 and QLQ-PR25 questionnaires. In addition, functional questionnaires such as IPSS and IIEF-5 were used. Complications were assessed by the Clavien-Dindo classification. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-one @entity1 with a mean age of 72.8  years (SD: 6.0) underwent HIFU for @entity263 (29.0% low risk, 58.8% intermediate risk, 12.2% high risk). PSA nadir was 0.6  ng/ml (SD: 1.2) after a mean of 4.6  months (SD: 5.7). Biochemical recurrence free survival defined by Stuttgart criteria was 73.7%, 84.4% and 62.5% for low-, intermediate- and high-risk @entity1 after 22.2  months. Complications were grouped according to Clavien-Dindo and occurred in 10.7% (grade II) and 11.5% (grade IIIa) of cases. 35.1% of @entity1 needed further treatment for @entity1494 . Regarding @entity322 , 14.3%, 2.9% and 0% of @entity1 had de novo urinary @entity322 grade I  , II   and III   and 3.8% urge @entity322 due to HIFU treatment. @entity1 were asked for the ability to have intercourse: 15.8%, 58.6% and 66.7% of @entity1 after non-, onesided and bothsided nervesparing procedure were able to obtain sufficient erection for intercourse, respectively. Regarding quality of life, mean global health score according to QLQ-C30 was 69.4%. CONCLUSION: HIFU treatment for @entity263 shows acceptable oncological safety. Quality of life after HIFU is better than in the general population and ranges within those of standard treatment options compared to literature. HIFU seems a safe valuable treatment alternative for @entity1 not suitable for standard treatment.

title: Quality of life and functional outcome after infravesical desobstruction and HIFU treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck stricture']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine SOHDi program cost-effectiveness (S = overweight, O = @entity28 , H = @entity101 , Di = @entity6 ) in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 (DM2) without @entity101 . METHODS: Sample included 32 @entity1 . The effectiveness was measured by the blood @entity413 values. The SOHDi intervention cost included physician medical attention cost (PMAC), laboratory cost (LC), education group cost and individual evaluation cost. The cost of the traditional alternative medical attention (TAMA) contemplated PMAC and LC. The analysis cost-effectiveness included different intervals measurements, equal or smaller than 140 mg/dL blood @entity413 levels. RESULTS: The percentage of population with equal or smaller than 140 mg/dL blood @entity413 (effectiveness) in SOHDi was 23.3%, in TAMA was 44.8%. The average cost in SOHDi was  2202.22; in TAMA  1930.79. In the cases with blood @entity413 equal or smaller to 140 mg/dL the cost of effectiveness of 50% was  4726 in SOHDi and  2155 in TAMA. In this same situation the effectiveness by  1000 was 10.58% in SOHDi and 23.20% in TAMA. CONCLUSIONS: The SOHDi group is not the best alternative, at least not in the present operational conditions.

title: [Cost-effectiveness analysis in type 2 @entity6 XXXX without @entity101 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the radiation exposure associated with CT scans in a population of @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ). METHODS: We reviewed the medical charts of @entity1 with typical @entity1577 who received regular medical management in a reference center from birth to March 31, 2004. RESULTS: Among 80 @entity1 with a total follow-up time of 1,231 @entity1 -years, 79 @entity1 received a total of 269 CT scans, including 249 thoracic CT scans. The full parameters of the examination were available for 185 thoracic CT scans, allowing the effective dose (ED) and organ doses to be calculated. The ED was determined by the number of slices and the type of CT scans. The ED per thoracic CT scan was asymmetrically distributed (mean ED, 6.5 @entity2073 ; range 1.5 to 29.3 @entity2073 ). The mean doses delivered to the four most strongly exposed organs (lungs, breasts, bone marrow, and thyroid gland) were 18.6, 16.9, 5.2, and 3.5 mGy, respectively. The mean lifetime number of CT scans per @entity1 was 3.2 (range, 0 to 13 scans), and the average lifetime ED was 19.5 @entity2073 per @entity1 (range, 2.2 to 75.8 @entity2073 ). Age at the first CT scan fell over the years, from 20 years for @entity1 born before 1980 to 1.9 years for @entity1 born after 1997. CONCLUSION: The mean ED per CT scan in @entity1577 @entity1 is about 6.5 @entity2073 . Age at the first CT scan is lower in the most recent generation of @entity1 . The lifetime ED of radiation received by @entity1577 @entity1 , especially in the most recent generation, warrants long-term follow-up.

title: Estimation of the radiation dose from thoracic CT scans in a XXXX population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: Paroxysmal visual manifestations may represent @entity302 arising from the occipital lobe. In @entity66 ( @entity66 ) bilateral occipital calcifications and @entity410 semiology consistent with an occipital origin have been described, primarily in Mediterranean countries. By reporting three adult @entity1 from an Australian outpatient clinic with @entity227 , occipital cerebral calcifications, and @entity66 , this study seeks to emphasise that @entity66 should be considered even when @entity1 of non-Mediterranean origin present with these symptoms. @entity410 types included simple partial, complex-partial, and secondarily generalised @entity410 . The @entity410 semiology consisted of @entity227 such as: blurred vision, loss of focus, seeing coloured dots, and brief stereotyped complex visual @entity1833 like seeing unfamiliar faces or scenes. Symptoms of malabsorption were not always present. Neurological examination was unremarkable in two @entity1 , @entity73 and mild @entity5043 on the left was noted in one. Routine electroencephalography was unremarkable. In all cases, computed tomography demonstrated bilateral cortical calcification of the occipital-parietal regions. Magnetic resonance imaging showed no additional lesion. All @entity1 had biopsy confirmed @entity66 . @entity410 control improved after treatment with gluten free diet and anticonvulsants. This report illustrates the association between @entity410 of occipital origin, cerebral calcifications, and @entity66 even in @entity1 not of Mediterranean origin.

title: @entity227 representing occipital lobe epilepsy in XXXX with cerebral calcifications and @entity66 : a case series.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disturbances']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired dexterity']

entities_list: @entity5043 :: ('MESH:D005150', 'Disease') :: ['hemiatrophy']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The weight of evidence suggests that @entity1 who freely choose to terminate a pregnancy are unlikely to experience significant mental health risks, however some studies have documented @entity458 in the form of @entity1005 and @entity308 in the aftermath of termination. Choice of anaesthetic has been suggested as a determinant of outcome. This study compared the effects of local anaesthesia and intravenous sedation, administered for elective surgical termination, on outcomes of @entity158 , @entity701 , and @entity458 . METHODS: 155 @entity1 were recruited from a private abortion clinic and state hospital (mean age: 25.4 +/- 6.1 years) and assessed on various symptom domains, using both clinician-administered interviews and self-report measures just prior to termination, immediately post-procedure, and at 1 month and 3 months post-procedure. Morning salivary @entity701 assays were collected prior to anaesthesia and termination. RESULTS: The group who received local anaesthetic demonstrated higher baseline @entity701 levels (mean = 4.7 vs 0.2), more dissociative symptoms immediately post-termination (mean = 14.7 vs 7.3), and higher levels of @entity158 before (mean = 4.9 vs 3.0) and during the procedure (mean = 8.0 vs 4.4). However, in the longer-term (1 and 3 months), there were no significant differences in @entity158 , psychological outcomes ( @entity1005 , @entity308 , self-esteem, @entity148 ), or disability between the groups. More than 65% of the variance in @entity1005 symptoms at 3 months could be explained by baseline @entity1005 symptom severity and disability, and post-termination dissociative symptoms. Of interest was the finding that pre-procedural @entity701 levels were positively correlated with @entity1005 symptoms at both 1 and 3 months. CONCLUSION: High rates of @entity1005 characterise @entity1 who have undergone surgical abortions (almost one fifth of the sample meet criteria for @entity1005 ), with @entity1 who receive local anaesthetic experiencing more severe acute reactions. The choice of anesthetic, however, does not appear to impact on longer-term @entity146 outcomes or functional status.

title: @entity158 , @entity701 levels, and @entity458 in XXXX undergoing surgical termination of pregnancy under local anaesthesia versus intravenous sedation.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['state anxiety']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']