abstract: Few multi-city studies in Asian developing countries have examined the acute health effects of ambient @entity7459 ( @entity6836 ). In the China Air Pollution and Health Effects Study (CAPES), we investigated the short-term association between @entity6836 and mortality in 17 Chinese cities. We applied two-stage Bayesian hierarchical models to obtain city-specific and national average estimates for @entity6836 . In each city, we used Poisson regression models incorporating natural spline smoothing functions to adjust for long-term and seasonal trend of mortality, as well as other time-varying covariates. We examined the associations by age, gender and education status. We combined the individual-city estimates of the concentration-response curves to get an overall @entity6836 -mortality association in China. The averaged daily concentrations of @entity6836 in the 17 Chinese cities ranged from 26  g/m(3) to 67  g/m(3). In the combined analysis, a 10- g/m(3) increase in two-day moving averaged @entity6836 was associated with a 1.63% [95% posterior interval (PI), 1.09 to 2.17], 1.80% (95% PI, 1.00 to 2.59) and 2.52% (95% PI, 1.44 to 3.59) increase of total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality, respectively. These associations remained significant after adjustment for ambient particles or @entity9733 ( @entity9734 ). Older @entity1 appeared to be more vulnerable to @entity6836 exposure. The combined concentration-response curves indicated a linear association. Conclusively, this largest epidemiologic study of @entity6836 in Asian developing countries to date suggests that short-term exposure to @entity6836 is associated with increased mortality risk.

title: Associations between short-term exposure to XXXX and mortality in 17 Chinese cities: the China Air Pollution and Health Effects Study (CAPES).

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen dioxide']

entities_list: @entity9733 :: ('MESH:D013458', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfur dioxide']

answer: @entity7459 :: (MESH:D009585,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen dioxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The majority of @entity1568 accumulating in cereal grains originates from proteins remobilised from vegetative organs. However, interactions between grain filling and remobilisation are poorly understood. We used transcriptome large-scale pyrosequencing of flag leaves, glumes and developing grains to identify @entity462 peptidase and N transporter genes playing a role in remobilisation and accumulation of @entity1568 in @entity2247 . RESULTS: Combination of already known and newly derived sequence information reduced redundancy, increased contig length and identified new members of @entity462 peptidase and N transporter gene families. The dataset for N transporter genes was aligned with N transporter @entity535 sequences of @entity579 and @entity958 derived from Aramemnon database. 57 @entity52285 , 45 @entity32729 /PTR and 22 OPT unigenes identified by this approach cluster to defined subgroups in the respective phylogenetic trees, among them 25 @entity52285 , 8 @entity32729 /PTR and 5 OPT full-length sequences. Besides, 59 unigenes encoding @entity462 peptidases were identified and subdivided into different families of the papain @entity462 peptidase clade. Expression profiling of full-length @entity52285 genes highlighted @entity535 permeases as the group showing highest transcriptional activity. HvAAP2 and HvAAP6 are highly expressed in vegetative organs whereas HvAAP3 is grain-specific. Sequence similarities cluster HvAAP2 and the putative transporter HvAAP6 together with @entity958 transporters, which are involved in long-distance transfer of @entity1522 . HvAAP3 is closely related to @entity12764 and @entity52286 playing a role in supplying N to developing seeds. An important role in @entity535 re-translocation can be considered for HvLHT1 and HvLHT2 which are specifically expressed in glumes and flag leaves, respectively. PCA and K-means clustering of @entity52285 transcript data revealed coordinate developmental stages in flag leaves, glumes and grains. Phloem-specific metabolic compounds are proposed that might signal high grain demands for N to distantly located plant organs. CONCLUSIONS: The approach identified @entity462 peptidases and specific N transporters of the @entity52285 family as obviously relevant for grain filling and thus, grain yield and quality in @entity2247 . Up to now, information is based only on transcript data. To make it relevant for application, the role of identified candidates in sink-source communication has to be analysed in more detail.

title: A putative role for @entity535 permeases in sink-source communication of XXXX tissues uncovered by RNA-seq.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Species) :: ['barley']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether infiltrative lung, airway, or @entity455 can be differentiated as the cause of mosaic attenuation on thin-section computed tomographic (CT) scans of the lung. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thin-section CT scans were reviewed in 70 @entity1 examined at three institutions. A mosaic attenuation pattern and pathologic or clinical proof of a specific type of disease were demonstrated. Causes of the mosaic pattern included infiltrative @entity358 (n = 37), @entity1030 (n = 22), and @entity455 (n = 11). Thin-section CT findings were assessed independently by two observers blinded to clinical findings. RESULTS: The type of disease was identified correctly at CT in 58 (83%) of 70 @entity1 by observer 1 and 57 (81%) of 70 @entity1 by observer 2. Infiltrative @entity358 was diagnosed correctly by both observers in 34 (92%) of 37 cases. Observer 1 identified 21 (95%) of 22 cases of @entity1030 and three (27%) of 11 cases of @entity455 . Observer 2 identified 19 (86%) of 22 cases of @entity1030 and four (36%) of 11 cases of @entity455 . CONCLUSION: Infiltrative @entity358 and @entity1030 may be differentiated reliably as the cause of mosaic attenuation on lung CT scans, whereas @entity455 is often misinterpreted as infiltrative @entity358 or @entity1030 .

title: Mosaic attenuation pattern on thin-section CT scans of the lung: differentiation among infiltrative lung, airway, and XXXX as a cause.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway disease']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular diseases']


abstract: The few studies addressing semiology of @entity410 (PNES) in @entity1 showed that this group differs from adults, considering the classical signs described. Our study with systematic assessment provides a direct comparison of the classical signs of @entity410 ( @entity410 ) in @entity1 and adults in order to establish the usefulness of the most important signs described for adults in @entity1 . Video-EEG recordings of @entity1 with @entity410 from 2006 to 2011 were analyzed. Twenty-five signs were selected as the most prevalent in literature, and their presence was evaluated. Events were categorized as either of the following: @entity2437 , major motor, minor motor, and subjective (Griffith et al., 2007 [11]). One hundred and fifteen @entity1 were included; 63.5% were adults, 73.2% were females, and 14.4% had @entity302 . Adults presented more ictal eye closure (p=0.006), @entity410 lasting >2 min (p<0.001), postictal speech change (p=0.021), vocalization during the "tonic-clonic" phase (p=0.005), and pelvic thrust movement (p=0.035). Biting the tip or side of the tongue and opisthotonos were rare and only present in adults. As for the semiological categories, major motor activity was the main feature in adults, and minor motor activity was more prevalent among @entity1 (52.9% and 38.1%, respectively; p=0.01). Our data showed that research about the distinct ictal features of @entity410 , such as minor motor events that are more typical in @entity1 , is likely to be useful in promoting earlier recognition of @entity410 in this population.

title: Semiology of XXXX : age-related differences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['psychogenic nonepileptic seizures', 'PNESs', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity2437 :: ('MESH:D012560', 'Disease') :: ['catatonic']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['psychogenic nonepileptic seizures']


abstract: The purpose of the study was to address the hypothesis that elevated body @entity68 increases the risk of @entity5 occurrence and @entity204 , and to determine the dose response. Subjects were 3,287 @entity1 and 5,269 @entity1 participating in the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who had a @entity69 saturation determination at enrollment (1971-1975), who remained alive and @entity5 -free for at least 4 years, and who were followed to 1988 for @entity5 outcome. Among 379 @entity1 who developed @entity5 over the study period, the mean @entity69 saturation at enrollment was 32.1% whereas among 2,908 who remained @entity5 -free it was 30.7%; the difference for mortality was 32.3% among 233 deaths vs. 30.8% among 3,054 @entity1 not dying of @entity5 . The mean differences among @entity1 were not significant. The mean differences in TIBC and serum @entity68 among @entity1 were consistent with the findings for @entity69 saturation, and all 3 differences were stable over time when examined by years since blood test. @entity1 and @entity1 were divided into 5 groups on the basis of baseline @entity69 saturation: 0 to 30%, 30-40%, 40-50%, 50-60%, and 60% and higher. Nineteen percent of @entity1 had a baseline @entity69 saturation above 40% (the last 3 groups), whereas only 10 percent of @entity1 had @entity69 saturation above 40%. For @entity1 and @entity1 combined, risk of @entity5 occurrence in each group relative to the first was 1.0, 0.95, 1.16, 1.38 and 1.81; for mortality the relative risks were 1.0, 0.96, 1.22, 1.29 and 1.73. There is evidence, in this cohort, of elevated @entity5 risk in those with moderately elevated @entity68 level. This pattern was seen in @entity1 as well as in @entity1 .

title: Moderate elevation of body @entity68 level and increased risk of @entity5 occurrence and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our prospective study was to compare the values of @entity11830 -enhanced gradient-echo and T2-weighted spin-echo MR imaging for the detection and segmental location of @entity99 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 underwent @entity11830 -enhanced T2 weighted spin-echo and steady-state gradient-echo imaging before surgery. Intraoperative sonography was used as the reference examination and showed 28 @entity5 involving 39 of the 144 hepatic segments. The MR images were reviewed independently by two observers who recorded the number of @entity5 and their segmental location. The results of the segmental location were subjected to receiver-operating-characteristic analysis. @entity96 , and @entity5 -vessel contrast-to-noise ratios were calculated. RESULTS: Detection on the gradient-echo images did not differ significantly from that on the T2-weighted spin-echo MR images (observers A and B detected 23 and 24 @entity5 , respectively, on the gradient-echo images; the two observers each detected 22 @entity5 on the T2-weighted spin-echo images). Segmental localization was significantly better on the gradient-echo images than on the T2-weighted spin-echo images (mean area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve: 0.974 versus 0.895 for observer A and 0.962 versus 0.906 for observer B, p = .024). The highest contrast-to-noise ratios for vessel to liver and @entity5 to vessel were obtained on the gradient-echo images and the @entity96 contrast-to-noise ratio was obtained on the T2-weighted spin-echo images. CONCLUSION: In our study, @entity11830 -enhanced gradient-echo imaging was as accurate as T2-weighted spin-echo imaging for revealing @entity99 and was superior for showing their segmental location.

title: Detection and segmental location of XXXX : comparison of @entity11830 -enhanced gradient-echo and T2-weighted spin-echo MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['highest tumor-liver', 'Tumor-liver, vessel-liver']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['malignant hepatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity11830 :: ('MESH:C065507', 'Chemical') :: ['ferumoxides']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['malignant hepatic tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the literature with regard to @entity146 and quality of life in @entity1 with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. DATA SOURCES: Research was conducted in 3 databases (ISI Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycINFO) using the terms implantable, cardioverter, defibrillator, quality of life, psych *, @entity148 , and @entity308 . STUDY SELECTION: The search yielded 1,399 references. Non-English and repeated references were excluded. After abstract analysis, 42 references were recovered for full-text reading, and 25 articles were selected for this review. DATA EXTRACTION: Research took place in April 2012, and no time restriction was placed on any of the database searches. Review or theoretical articles were excluded, and only clinical trials and epidemiologic studies were selected for this review. RESULTS: A systematic review of the literature revealed mostly observational prospective cohort studies followed by cross-sectional observational studies and randomized clinical trials. Few studies included in the review were observational retrospective cohort or case-control studies. There are prominent signs and symptoms of @entity148 and @entity308 in @entity1 with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Disorders include @entity148 , @entity1005 , @entity4697 , @entity2531 , @entity8396 , and @entity308 . Quality of life in the physical, social, and psychological domains is affected and is related to the intensity and the frequency of the device's electrical discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Work regarding psychiatric comorbidity in @entity1 with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator has shown that @entity148 and @entity308 are common. The @entity1 and their families should be informed by their doctors that the presence of the device minimizes risk of @entity944 and allows them to have a normal life.

title: @entity146 and quality of life in XXXX with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity8396 :: ('MESH:D000379', 'Disease') :: ['agoraphobia']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'phobic anxiety']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['somatoform disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to define the factors that influence mortality rate and neurologic outcome after repair of the aortic arch and various portions of the thoracic aorta in @entity1 with profound @entity2332 and @entity1167 . METHODS: Between November 1986 and January 1996, 105 @entity1 were treated surgically for @entity2333 involving the transverse aortic arch. Profound hypothermic @entity1167 and selective brachiocephalic perfusion was used in all @entity1 . In 19 @entity1 retrograde cerebral perfusion was instituted during the period of @entity1167 . Independent predictors for 30-day mortality and permanent @entity51 were evaluated by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Thirty-day mortality for the entire group was 19% (20/105); 21.2% for urgent versus 15.4% for elective cases, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that age is the most important factor that significantly influences mortality rate (p < 0.0145) and neurologic outcome (p < 0.006). Variables such as @entity1167 time (p < 0.24), previous cardiac or aortic operations (p < 0.19), and sex (p < 0.55) failed to show any influence on mortality rate. @entity51 were diagnosed in 12.9% (11/85) of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of permanent @entity51 as well as the mortality rate are predominantly related to the age of the @entity1 . In this @entity1 group, statistical analysis failed to show a direct correlation between duration of circulatory interruption and neurologic outcome.

title: Surgical treatment of aortic arch aneurysms in profound @entity2332 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Permanent neurologic deficits', 'neurologic dysfunction', 'neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic disease']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['circulatory arrest']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous epidemiological studies have shown that light to moderate @entity167 consumption has protective effects against @entity301 but the mechanisms of the beneficial effect of @entity167 are not known. @entity1068 may increase high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 concentration, augment the reverse @entity165 transport, or regulate growth factors or adhesion molecules. To study whether qualitative changes in HDL phospholipids mediate part of the beneficial effects of @entity167 on @entity731 by HDL receptor, we investigated whether @entity33361 (PEth) in HDL particles affects the secretion of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) by a @entity1 scavenger receptor @entity4210 and LIMPII analog-I ( @entity22579 )-mediated pathway. METHODS: @entity1 EA.hy 926 endothelial cells were incubated in the presence of native HDL or PEth-HDL. @entity7 concentration and @entity22579 protein expression were measured. @entity1 @entity22579 receptor-mediated mechanisms in endothelial cells were studied using @entity22579 blocking antibody and protein kinase inhibitors. RESULTS: @entity33361 -containing HDL particles caused a 6-fold increase in the expression of @entity22579 in endothelial cells compared with the effect of native HDL. That emergent effect was mediated mainly through protein kinase C and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. PEth increased the secretion of @entity7 and that increase could be abolished by a @entity22579 blocking antibody. CONCLUSIONS: High density lipoprotein particles containing PEth bind to @entity22579 receptor and thereby increase the secretion of @entity7 from endothelial cells. @entity1068 -induced protective effects against @entity301 may be explained, at least partly, by the effects of PEth-modified HDL particles on @entity7 via @entity22579 -mediated mechanisms in endothelial cells.

title: @entity33361 mediates its effects on the XXXX via HDL receptor in endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity33361 :: ('MESH:C051521', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanol', 'Phosphatidylethanol']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: There is ample evidence that the family of @entity3844 glycoproteins is involved in homing, maturation and activation of lymphocytes. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that @entity3844 splice variants are particularly involved in the process of lymphocyte activation whereby it was hypothesized that different isoforms may fulfill distinct functions. We here addressed the question of CD44v6 and CD44v7 being involved in @entity630 and @entity61 reactions using as model systems for @entity630 activation a TNBS-induced @entity1960 and a @entity18581 -induced DTH reaction and for @entity61 activation a @entity2823 -induced @entity56 . With the exception of a small subpopulation of lymphocytes in Peyer's patches, expression of neither CD44v6 nor CD44v7 was noted in the absence of an antigenic stimulus. Both @entity3844 variant exons are transiently detected on T lymphocytes during mounting of an immune response. In vitro studies revealed that antibodies against both CD44v6 and CD44v7 inhibited lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production. Based on these findings the efficiency of anti-CD44v6 and anti-CD44v7 treatment was evaluated in vivo in @entity630 and @entity61 dependent autoimmune and DTH reactions. Anti-CD44v7 completely abrogated development of a death promoting @entity1960 and anti-CD44v6 as well as anti-CD44v7 significantly mitigated the @entity18581 -induced, @entity630 -mediated DTH reactions, while only anti-CD44v7 interfered with a @entity2823 -induced, @entity61 -mediated @entity3408 . The in vitro analysis of cytokine producing cells supported the assumption. In conclusion, it could be demonstrated that CD44v6 and CD44v7 are differentially involved in @entity630 and @entity61 activation and, most importantly, a @entity630 -mediated @entity792 could be prevented by local application of anti-CD44v7.

title: Functional activity of murine XXXX variant isoforms in @entity56 and delayed type @entity56 .

entities_list: @entity3408 :: ('MESH:D017449', 'Disease') :: ['allergic contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity3844 :: (12505(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD44']


abstract: @entity2531 define a major, diagnostically heterogeneous group of @entity1 with medically unexplained physical symptoms. Psychopharmacological approaches can be derived from the conceptualization of somatoform symptoms and syndromes within a biopsychosocial model. The survey presented focuses on randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled studies. Antidepressants show a statistically and clinically relevant impact on many somatoform symptoms. In special reference to @entity158 symptoms serotonergic and noradrenergic antidepressants seem to mediate a more favorable effect than selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors. For some functional body syndromes, e.g. @entity1744 and @entity239 , a major analgesic effect of antidepressants can be underlined as well. The empirical data for @entity239 , however, seem to be more convincing than for @entity1744 . @entity4481 holds an empirically well established position in the treatment of @entity239 . As yet there is no convincing psychopharmacological strategy for @entity5815 . Probably due to the inherent relationships to @entity148 , @entity3119 , both hypochondria and @entity4238 can be positively treated by serotonergic antidepressants as well.

title: [Psychopharmacological treatment in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive and depressive disorders']

entities_list: @entity4238 :: ('MESH:D057215', 'Disease') :: ['body dysmorphic disorder']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['Somatoform disorders and functional body syndromes']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['Pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity2531 :: (MESH:D013001,Disease) :: ['somatoform disorders and functional body syndromes']


abstract: Administration of @entity205 (CsA) after autologous stem cell transplantation elicits an @entity792 with pathology similar to @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). This syndrome, termed autologous @entity2132 , is associated with the appearance of autoreactive T cells directed at major histocompatibility class (MHC) class II antigens. In the @entity35 model of autologous @entity2132 , clonal analysis reveals that the effector T cells are highly conserved and recognize a peptide from the invariant chain peptide presented by MHC class II. Although @entity1 autologous @entity2132 effector T cells share a similar phenotypic specificity, clonality of the response in @entity1 has not been determined. To examine the @entity1 effector T-cell response, the T-cell repertoire of peripheral blood lymphocytes was assessed by complementarity-determining region 3 ( @entity19 ) size distribution analysis and T-cell clonotype analysis in 26 @entity1 treated with @entity870 after transplantation. Autologous @entity2132 developed in 3 of 4 @entity1 with human @entity1533 *0701, and clonal expansions of beta-chain variable region (BV)16(+) T cells were shared. Clonal expansions within BV15(+) and BV22(+) T cells were also detected in 4 of 6 @entity1 with @entity1533 *1501 and in 3 of 4 @entity1 with @entity1533 *0401, respectively. Sequencing of BV16 cDNA for which the CDR3 size pattern exhibited apparent clone predominance revealed an identical CDR3 peptide sequence in 2 different @entity1 , one with @entity1533 *0701 and the other with @entity1533 *1502. These findings indicate that the discrete antigen-driven expansion of T cells is involved in autologous @entity2132 . (Blood. 2001;98:868-876)

title: Characterization of the T-cell repertoire in autologous XXXX ( @entity2132 ): evidence for the involvement of antigen-driven T-cell response in the development of autologous @entity2132 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1533 :: ('3123', 'Gene') :: ['leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1', 'HLA-DRB1']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['graft-versus-host disease']


abstract: The distribution of growth hormone-releasing hormone-like peptides ( @entity52888 -LP) in the central nervous system of the @entity3392 was investigated by using immunohistochemical techniques with polyclonal antibodies. ELISAs showed that the antiserum raised against salmon (s) @entity52888 -LP recognized both @entity3392 @entity52888 -LP1 and -2, whereas the antiserum raised against @entity7136 (c) @entity52888 -LP was more sensitive but detected only @entity3392 @entity52888 -LP1. Neither antiserum detected the true @entity52888 . Large cells in the nucleus lateralis tuberis were immunoreactive with both antisera, which suggests that they contained @entity3392 @entity52888 -LP1, but not excluding @entity52888 -LP2. Also, immunoreactive fibers, which putatively originated from these hypothalamic neurons, were present in the hypophysis; both antisera detected fibers, although only sGHRH-LP antiserum stained fibers in the neurointermediate lobe. These fibers may have a neuroendocrine role. Candidates for a role in feeding include several areas in which both antisera labeled cells and fibers, implying a strong reaction for @entity52888 -LP1 and possibly @entity52888 -LP2. These areas include the isthmus with cells in the secondary gustatory/visceral nucleus, which were also calretinin immunoreactive. Numerous @entity52888 -LP-immunoreactive fibers (also labeled by both antisera) probably originate from the gustatory/visceral nucleus to innervate the ventral area of the telencephalon, preglomerular nuclei, torus lateralis and hypothalamic diffuse nucleus, habenula, torus semicircularis, and dorsolateral funiculus of the spinal cord. Present results in the @entity3392 brain suggest involvement of @entity52888 -LP in both neuroendocrine and feeding-associated nervous circuits. The present data on the location of the two @entity52888 -LPs are the first clue to the possible functions of these two hormones.

title: Distribution of growth hormone-releasing hormone-like peptide: Immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the adult XXXX ( @entity3392 ).

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate return-to-work outcomes in @entity1 with chronic, work-related @entity1643 referred to @entity158 treatment centers and/or spine clinics (PTCs/SCs). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Return-to-work outcomes in cases of work-related chronic @entity1643 after referral to PTCs and/or SCs have not been previously studied. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 230 consecutive @entity1 was conducted from an occupational medicine program. Of these, 122 @entity1 were referred to a PTC/SC and 108 @entity1 were not. Multivariate logistic regression was used to develop a model to predict improvement in functional status and @entity158 level after 1 year. RESULTS: At the 1-year evaluation, there was functional improvement in the nonreferral group (P < 0.001) and no change in the referral group (P = 0.21). The change in @entity158 level was similar. Time from injury to initial evaluation seemed to be the major factor contributing to poor outcomes in both groups. CONCLUSION: Referral to a PTC/SC did not yield improved functional outcomes in this cohort. A major factor contributing to this finding was the length of time to referral to PTC/SC after the @entity130 .

title: Work-related chronic @entity1643 -return-to-work outcomes after referral to interventional XXXX and spine clinics.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['initial injury']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of 'scheduled' analgesia with analgesia 'on request in @entity1 after craniotomy. @entity1 AND METHODS: We performed a prospective randomized study comparing 'scheduled' analgesia with analgesia 'on request' on 126 @entity1 aged 16-70 years undergoing craniotomy for a variety of reasons. @entity1 were randomized to one of two groups; group 1 (68 @entity1 ) received @entity12802 'on request', and group 2 (58 @entity1 ) received 8 mg of @entity12802 preoperatively, immediately after intubation, then 8 mg again 6-8 h after the first injection and 8 mg repeated every 8 h for 48 h postoperatively. Subgroup analysis was performed for @entity1 with supratentorial and infratentorial craniotomy. We measured @entity158 scores (visual analogue scale), mean blood pressure and heart rate at 6, 18, 30, 42 and 54 h after surgery and compared differences in these parameters between groups and amongst subgroups. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Group 1 visual analogue @entity158 scale scores were significantly higher than those in group 2 (P < 0.05). Group 1 @entity1 with infratentorial craniotomy showed @entity158 scores than supratentorial craniotomy @entity1 (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in mean blood pressure between groups and subgroups (P > 0.05). We found no correlation between visual analogue scale scores, mean blood pressure and heart rate (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: 'Scheduled' analgesia with @entity12802 was more effective for treating post-craniotomy @entity158 than 'on request' analgesia with @entity12802 .

title: 'Scheduled' dosing of XXXX provides analgesia superior to that provided by 'on request' dosing following craniotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['higher pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity12802 :: ('MESH:C059451', 'Chemical') :: ['lornoxicam']

answer: @entity12802 :: (MESH:C059451,Chemical) :: ['lornoxicam']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of the study was to compare the treatment outcomes in @entity1 with occult @entity189 with axillary lymph node @entity3 who were treated with mastectomy or with intent to preserve the breast. METHODS: From 1951 to 1998, 479 female @entity1 were registered with axillary lymph node @entity3 from an unknown primary. After clinical workup, including mammography, 45 @entity1 retained this diagnosis and received treatment for T0 N1-2 M0 @entity0 . Clinical and pathological data were collected retrospectively, and survival was calculated from the date of initial diagnosis using the Kaplan-Meier method. Median follow-up time was 7 years. RESULTS: Median age was 54 years (range, 32-79). Clinical nodal status was N1 in 71% and N2 in 29% of the @entity1 . Surgical treatment was mastectomy in 29% and an intent to preserve the breast in 71% of the @entity1 . Locoregional radiotherapy was used in 71% and systemic chemoendocrine therapy was used in 73% of the @entity1 . Of the 13 mastectomy @entity1 , only one had a @entity5 discovered in the specimen. Two @entity1 (4%) were ultimately diagnosed with @entity2 and @entity5 . No significant difference was detected between mastectomy and breast preservation in locoregional recurrence (15% versus 13%), distant @entity3 (31% versus 22%), or 5-year survival (75% vs. 79%). Regardless of surgical therapy, the most important determinant of survival was the number of positive nodes. Five-year overall survival was 87% with 1-3 positive nodes compared with 42% with > or =4 positive nodes (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Occult @entity189 with axillary @entity3 can be treated with preservation of the breast without a negative impact on local control or survival.

title: Feasibility of breast preservation in the treatment of occult @entity189 presenting with axillary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['primary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: Breathing air with a high @entity26 tension induces an inflammatory response and injures the microvessels of the lung. The resulting development of smooth muscle cells in these segments contributes to changes in vasoreactivity and increased pulmonary artery pressure. This in vivo study determines the temporal and spatial expression of endogenous endothelial @entity842 synthase ( @entity2824 ) and inducible NOS (NOS II), important enzymes regulating vasoreactivity and inflammation, in the adult @entity35 lung during the development of experimental @entity120 induced by oxidant injury. We analyzed the cellular distribution of these NOS isoforms, using specific antibodies, and assessed enzyme activity at baseline and after 1-28 days of @entity871 (FIO2 0.87). The number of @entity2824 -immuno-positive endothelial cells increased early in @entity871 and then remained high. By day 28, the relative number of these cells had increased from 40% in proximal vessels and 13-16% in distal alveolar vessels of the normal lung to 73-86% and 40-59%, respectively, in @entity871 . Pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs), normally few in number and only weakly immunopositive for NOS II or III in the normal lung, increased in number in @entity871 and were strongly immunopositive for each isoform. These morphological data were supported by a temporal increase in total and @entity460 -independent NOS activity. Thus NOS expression and activity significantly increased in @entity871 as @entity120 developed, and @entity2824 expression increased selectively in vascular endothelial cells, while both NOS isoforms were expressed by the PAM population. We conclude that this increase in expression of a potent vasodilator, an antiproliferative agent for smooth muscle cells, and an antioxidant molecule represents an adaptive response to protect the lung from oxidant-induced vascular and @entity130 .

title: Expression of XXXX synthase isoforms (NOS II and @entity2824 ) in adult @entity35 lung in @entity120 .

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial injury']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Heavy exercise stresses immune function, however @entity1735 ( @entity435 ) supplementation has been shown to attenuate the decline in some measures of immune function after exercise. The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of @entity435 supplementation on salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) levels, @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ), and @entity225 ( @entity225 ), following an acute bout of resistance exercise (RE). METHODS: Ten resistance trained male collegiate athletes (21  2 yr; 174  6 cm, 80  11kg, 14%  4% fat) performed RE consisting of four exercises (leg press, lat pull-downs, bench press, and leg curls). Volunteers performed four sets of 10 repetitions at 65% of 1-RM, with 2 min rest between sets for all exercises. Subjects consumed either @entity435 beverage (1 g   kg-1 body weight) or placebo (P) prior to, during, and after RE (randomized, double blind design). Saliva and venous blood were collected pre-, post- and 90 min post-exercise. RESULTS: No change occurred in s-IgA from rest relative to osmolality or as a secretion rate (p > 0.05). @entity1199 levels were unchanged by exercise in both trials (time effect p = 0.342). @entity225 was significantly (time effect p = 0.04) decreased between rest (1.55    0.07 pg   ml-1) and 90 min post-exercise (0.96    0 .11 pg   ml-1), with no difference between treatments (group x time effect p = 0.610). There was no time-by-treatment interaction (p < 0.05) observed between @entity435 and P treatments for s-IgA or @entity225 . CONCLUSION: @entity225 decreases after RE, but s-IgA and @entity1199 levels remain stable. @entity435 ingestion prior to-, during or following RE did not appear to alter salivary immune responses.

title: Influence of XXXX ingestion on salivary immunoglobulin A following resistance exercise.

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: Pch313 was isolated as a cDNA whose RNA accumulated during the softening period of @entity2486 ( @entity2486 ) fruit development. To better understand the role of the gene, we compared the amount of pch313-related RNA detected during fruit softening and tissue wounding between cultivars with different softening characteristics. The cultivar that softened faster, "Bailey," had a significantly higher amount of pch313-related RNA accumulate during softening than the slower-softening cultivar, "Suncrest." Pch313 was sequenced and found to be related to a @entity523 fruit cDNA clone, @entity48579 , which has been shown to encode the @entity1786 -forming enzyme. The derived @entity535 sequence of pch313 is 74 to 83% identical to the @entity48579 -related sequences. A pch313-3' noncoding region probe was used to demonstrate that pch313 is related to both a wound-induced RNA transcript and the major fruit-softening transcript. The relationship of pch313 RNA accumulation and @entity1786 evolution was examined upon wounding and appeared to be both tissue and cultivar specific. When leaves were wounded, more pch313-related RNA was detected in Bailey and the rate of @entity1786 evolved was also higher in Bailey. When fruits were wounded, the levels of @entity1786 evolved were nearly identical but Suncrest accumulated more pch313-related RNA. Southern analysis of the DNA indicated a small number of related genes.

title: Comparison of Pch313 ( @entity48579 Homolog) RNA Accumulation during Fruit Softening and Wounding of Two Phenotypically Different XXXX Cultivars.

entities_list: @entity2486 :: ('3760', 'Species') :: ['peach', 'Prunus persica L. Batsch']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene']

answer: @entity2486 :: (3760,Species) :: ['Peach']


abstract: The structural organization of an expressed @entity291 gene (ATPA1) that encodes an isoform of the alpha-subunit of the mitochondrial F0F1 @entity855 synthase was determined. The gene extends over 10 kilobase-pairs and is divided into 12 exons. The first exon encodes the 5' untranslated region and approximately one-half of the presequence that targets this protein to the mitochondrion. The remainder of the presequence, together with three @entity1522 of the mature protein, are encoded by exon 2. Primer extension and nuclease protection analyses revealed multiple sites of transcription initiation. The 5' flanking region of the ATPA1 gene can drive the transcription of a reporter gene in an orientation-dependent manner. This promoter region contains several sequence elements which might play an important role in regulating the expression of this gene, including possible TATA and CCAAT boxes, putative Sp1-binding sites, and sequences resembling @entity27291 , AP-2, AP-4 and @entity268 -responsive elements. The ATPA1 gene also contains sequences homologous to several motifs that are shared among some nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins. These include @entity21307 , @entity21308 , @entity21309 , a respiratory enhancer, and @entity30644 sites. Tissue-specific differences in the ATPA1 mRNA levels were observed with high levels found in skeletal muscle and heart, and lower levels in other tissues.

title: Structural organization of a nuclear gene for the alpha-subunit of the XXXX mitochondrial @entity855 synthase complex.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: The use of cell cultures to test the biocompatibility of dental materials is gaining in importance. Any cytotoxic effects that restorative materials may have will be on the dental pulp and for that reason cultured pulp cells should be the model of choice for biocompatibility testing. The aim of this investigation was to study the growth and morphologic characteristics and toxic response of @entity1 pulp lines and to compare these parameters to those of @entity1 buccal mucosa fibroblasts. Twenty-one specimens of pulp tissue and six from buccal mucosa were cultured using standard techniques. Six pulp cell lines were cultured successfully as were all six from the buccal mucosa specimens. From these specimens, 12 growth curves were computed. To study the morphology of the cultured cells, they were observed microscopically and classified into three morphological types: slender elongated cells (type I), epithelioid shaped cells (type II) and large stellate cells (type III). Their numbers and proportions were determined for each cell line and compared statistically. To gauge sensitivity to toxic materials, cells were exposed to concentrations of @entity6327 . An analysis of the growth curves showed no statistical difference between pulp cells and buccal mucosa cells; the slopes of the curves, however, differed significantly between individual cell lines, and these individual differences were greater among pulp cell lines. The morphology of the pulp and mucosa fibroblasts was similar microscopically. There was no significant difference between the number and proportion of the cell types in the two groups, but there were significant differences between the individual cell lines. Pulp cells showed a greater inhibition of growth when exposed to @entity6327 . Because pulp fibroblasts are difficult to culture, their reported survival rate is poor; due to the differences that exist between individual cell lines, we conclude that pulp cells when used as single cell lines or even pooled may not be ideal for testing biocompatibility, especially if reproducibility is a prerequisite. Any evaluation will require tests on not one, but several cell lines in order to minimize the effect of inter-cell-line differences. Their greater sensitivity to toxic substances, on the other hand, may show that pulp cells could be more sensitive indicators of @entity137 .

title: Cultured pulp fibroblasts: are they suitable for in vitro XXXX testing?

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity6327 :: ('MESH:D001115', 'Chemical') :: ['arecoline']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our previous analysis found a high rate of @entity7793 in @entity5 @entity1 with ovarian transposition (OT) compared to a group that underwent radical hysterectomy (RH) alone. The current study evaluates ovarian function in the same group for a prolonged follow-up period and analyzes predictive factors for @entity7793 . METHODS: One hundred two @entity5 @entity1 were treated with RH and/or lymphadenectomy and ovarian preservation from 1982 to 1989. A retrospective chart review was conducted, followed by a survey to determine the time of menopause. RESULTS: Eighty-three @entity1 underwent RH and 19 @entity1 underwent a staging laparotomy. Eighty procedures included OT. Twenty-six @entity1 received postoperative radiation therapy. The mean follow-up for premenopausal @entity1 was 87.0 months. The average age of menopause for the 13 nonradiated @entity1 without unilateral oophorectomy (UO) or OT was 50.6 years. After OT without radiation therapy, 98.0% of @entity1 retained ovarian function for a mean of 126 months with menopause at a mean of 45.8 years. When OT and radiation therapy were added, 41% retained ovarian function for a mean of 43 months and a mean age at menopause of 36.6 years. A multivariate analysis of nonradiated @entity1 correlated age at diagnosis and a combination of OT procedure and UO with earlier @entity2670 . CONCLUSIONS: RH with bilateral ovarian preservation and without OT does not significantly reduce the age of menopause. The addition of UO or OT to this treatment reduces ovarian function appreciably. The addition of radiation therapy after OT dramatically shortens ovarian function.

title: Ovarian function after surgical treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7793 :: ('MESH:D008594', 'Disease') :: ['early menopause']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian failure']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: @entity2876 is a devastating disease occurring in 1 in 10,000 to 14,000 @entity1 annually in the United States. We have recently described preliminary data suggesting an association of @entity12388 with @entity2876 in two @entity1 . However, a @entity12388 animal model of @entity2876 is not presently available. On the other hand, some strains of the better-characterized and much more common @entity7414 produce @entity66 in @entity1 @entity19 . This disease shares many characteristics of the @entity1 @entity281 . The present report describes extrahepatic @entity253 in immunocompetent BALB/c @entity1 @entity19 infected with a @entity1 or animal strain of @entity7414 . Two-d-old BALB/c @entity19 orally inoculated with hepatobiliary tropic rotavirus were shown to have active virus replication in the biliary tract and liver as early as 48 h postinoculation. At approximately 7 d postinoculation, between one fourth and one half of @entity1 @entity19 , depending on the virus strain, showed signs of @entity32 and swelling in the bile ducts. The obstruction was complete in about one half of symptomatic animals. Although there was no obvious @entity1146 as described in @entity1 @entity1 , the obstruction was irreversible about 50% of the time, and the resulting @entity82 and bile ductular proliferation in the liver were strikingly similar to those seen in the liver of the @entity1 @entity1 with @entity2876 .

title: @entity7414 produce extrahepatic @entity253 in orally inoculated newborn XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infant', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['hepatobiliary disease']

entities_list: @entity12388 :: ('36427', 'Species') :: ['group C rotavirus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['Extrahepatic biliary atresia', 'biliary atresia']

entities_list: @entity7414 :: ('28875', 'Species') :: ['group A rotaviruses', 'group A rotavirus']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity281 during pregnancy is associated with adverse fetal outcomes such as @entity600 and small for gestational age (SGA). Maternal influenza immunization may prevent these adverse @entity1 outcomes during periods of influenza circulation. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of live births within Kaiser Permanente (KP) Georgia and Mid-Atlantic States (n = 3327) during the period of 2009 @entity778 . Primary outcomes were third-trimester @entity600 (27-36 weeks), birth weight, low birth weight (LBW, <2500 g), and SGA. RESULTS: There were 327 (9.8%) preterm, 236 (7.4%) LBW, and 267 (8.4%) SGA births. Among H1N1-vaccinated mothers (n = 1125), there were 86 (7.6%) preterm, 68 (6.4%) LBW, and 99 (9.3%) SGA births, and the mean birth weight was 3308.5 g (95% confidence interval [CI], 3276.6-3340.4). Among unvaccinated mothers (n = 1581), there were 191 (12.1%) preterm, 132 (8.8%) LBW, and 123 (8.2%) SGA births, and the mean birth weight was 3245.3 g (95% CI, 3216.5-3274.2). @entity1 of H1N1-vaccinated mothers had 37% lower odds of being born preterm than @entity1 of unvaccinated mothers (adjusted odds ratio, 0.63 [95% CI, .47-.84]). The mean birth weight difference between @entity1 of H1N1-vaccinated mothers and @entity1 of unvaccinated mothers was 45.1 g (95% CI, 1.8-88.3). There was no significant association between maternal H1N1 influenza immunization and LBW or SGA. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant @entity1 who received H1N1 influenza vaccine were less likely to give birth preterm, and gave birth to heavier @entity1 . The findings support US vaccine policy choices to prioritize pregnant @entity1 during the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic.

title: Neonatal outcomes after antenatal influenza immunization during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic: impact on XXXX , birth weight, and small for gestational age birth.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants', 'Infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Influenza infection']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A (H1N1) virus circulation']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['preterm birth']


abstract: Lentiviral vectors have been used for gene transfer into the liver, but the ability of these vectors to efficiently transduce quiescent hepatocytes remains controversial. Regardless, lentivirus-mediated gene transfer is greatly enhanced when delivered during hepatocellular cycling. For this reason, the present study was designed to determine the role of hepatocyte proliferation in the enhancement of lentiviral transduction by using three different modes of liver regeneration: (1) compensatory regeneration stimulated by two-thirds partial hepatectomy, (2) direct @entity1373 after intragastric administration of the primary mitogen @entity24918 ( @entity24918 ), and (3) a combination of modes 1 and 2. @entity8310 virus glycoprotein (VSV-G)-pseudotyped lentiviral vector expressing beta-galactosidase was administered to @entity19 via the peripheral circulation after a regeneration stimulus. Gene transfer as measured by @entity12529 ( @entity12529 ) staining showed 30-fold higher levels of liver transduction in groups 1 and 2 as compared with the non-liver-manipulated control group (p < 0.005). The combination of TCPOBOP and partial hepatectomy (group 3) resulted in an ~80-fold increase in transduction efficiency compared with the control animals. The enhanced transduction was consistent with higher levels of hepatocellular proliferation observed in animals that received both treatments compared with either single treatment alone. Importantly, the hepatocytes were the predominant cell type transduced, although transgene expression was observed in a low number of nonparenchymal cells regardless of which liver stimulus was received. Biodistribution studies confirmed that most of the gene transfer was limited to the liver and spleen. Taken together, this study suggests that disease-induced cellular proliferation in the liver will enhance the utility of this vector in treating diseases such as @entity99 , @entity1575 , and @entity5 .

title: Role of hepatocyte direct XXXX in lentivirus-mediated liver transduction in vivo.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity8310 :: ('MESH:D054243', 'Disease') :: ['Vesicular stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity24918 :: ('MESH:C028474', 'Chemical') :: ['TCPOBOP', '1,4-bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)] benzene']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['viral hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity12529 :: ('MESH:C044888', 'Chemical') :: ['5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactoside', 'X-Gal']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['hyperplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity205 is used as a alternative medical therapy in @entity134 resistant @entity31 with severe activity. In spite of its known efficacy, the long term effects of are not entirely clear. METHODS: The records of 13 steroid resistant @entity1 treated with @entity205 were retrospectively assessed. @entity205 had been prescribed orally at a dose of 8 mg/kg/day in four @entity1 and intravenously, 4mg/kg/day in nine @entity1 . Intravenous therapy was changed to oral therapy after one week and @entity1 also received @entity3504 and @entity500 . @entity134 treatment was tapered. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 responded to treatment in a mean of nine days (range: 2-30 days). Three @entity1 who did not respond underwent total colectomy on day seven, 11 and 19 of therapy. The 10 @entity1 who initially responded received the drug for an average of 4.9 months; four of these relapsed during and one relapsed soon after discontinuation of therapy. Four of the five @entity1 who relapsed underwent colectomy and the one @entity1 who did not accept surgical intervention continued medical therapy. The remaining five @entity1 (38% of the total group; 50% of the @entity1 who initially responded) remained in remission at the end of an average 17 month follow up period. CONCLUSIONS: @entity205 therapy in severe @entity31 that is resistant to @entity230 , provides initial remission in 80% of @entity1 and allows 40% to retain their colon for one year.

title: Efficacy of @entity205 in severe XXXX attack.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin-A', 'cyclosporin-A']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of @entity146 in a Finnish population of @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and to classify them according to the recently developed American College of Rheumatology (ACR) nomenclature and case definitions for NPSLE. METHODS: Cross-sectional, population-based study covering an area with 440,000 @entity1 . A total of 58 @entity1 with a definite diagnosis of @entity1252 and aged 16 to 65 years were found in the computerized database of the area hospitals. Of these, 46 (79%) agreed to participate. The diagnosis of various @entity146 was based on clinical impression (H.A.) following history, examination, review of medical records, and neuropsychologic testing. RESULTS: At least one NP syndrome was identified in 42 @entity1 (91%). The most frequent manifestation was @entity73 (n = 37; 81%), followed by @entity10 (n = 25; 54%) and @entity1316 (n = 20; 43%). When mild @entity146 (mild @entity73 , @entity10 , mild @entity308 , @entity148 , electroneuromyography-negative @entity305 ) were excluded, the prevalence of NPSLE dropped to 46%. CONCLUSIONS: According to the ACR nomenclature, there is a high prevalence of NP manifestations in a population-based sample of @entity1 with @entity1252 . Most @entity146 were classified as minor; if they were excluded, the 46% prevalence of NPSLE would be slightly less than estimated in previous studies.

title: The prevalence of @entity146 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['NP syndromes', 'neuropsychiatric (NP) syndromes']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficit', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Nonselective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and @entity3840 inhibitors (COX-2s) are used to treat a variety of arthritic and inflammatory conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the upper gastrointestinal (GI) harms of the long-term use of COX-2s, compared with nonselective NSAIDs and placebo, in @entity625 sufferers. METHODS: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted. Searches were conducted in (1) Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), (2) the Cochrane Collaboration Library (2005), (3) MEDLINE (to December 2006), and (4) Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE) (to June 2005). Reference lists from trials and abstracts of conference proceedings were searched by hand, and experts were contacted to identify further relevant trials. RCTs of @entity12698 , @entity13586 , @entity14296 , @entity17852 , and @entity24846 were included if they reported on endoscopic @entity1066 , clinically important @entity1066 complications, or adverse gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms with the use of these COX-2s, compared with placebo or with nonselective NSAIDs. Study selection and data extraction were performed in duplicate by independent reviewers. Data were analyzed by using Review Manager 4.2 in accordance with accepted meta-analysis techniques. RESULTS: Compared with nonselective NSAIDs, @entity2247 s produced significantly fewer @entity10189 (relative risk, 0.26; 95% confidence interval, 0.23-0.30) and clinically important @entity1066 complications (relative risk, 0.39; 95% confidence interval, 0.31-0.50), as well as fewer treatment withdrawals caused by GI symptoms. The co-administration of @entity117 appears to reduce the GI safety of @entity2247 s in subgroup analyses. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2247 s appear to offer greater upper GI safety and are better tolerated than nonselective NSAIDs. The co-administration of @entity117 might reduce the safety advantage of @entity2247 s over that of nonselective NSAIDs.

title: Gastrointestinal safety of XXXX inhibitors: a Cochrane Collaboration systematic review.

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity17852 :: ('MESH:C406224', 'Chemical') :: ['valdecoxib']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity24846 :: ('MESH:C473384', 'Chemical') :: ['lumiracoxib']

entities_list: @entity14296 :: ('MESH:C422649', 'Chemical') :: ['etoricoxib']

answer: @entity3840 :: (5743,Gene) :: ['cyclooxygenase-2']


abstract: We sought to assess the risk of @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) and @entity943 after @entity167 septal ablation (ASA) for obstructive @entity1121 . ASA is a nonsurgical alternative to septal myectomy for treatment of symptomatic, drug-refractory, obstructive @entity1121 . The effect of ASA on @entity943 risk is not well established. We examined the rates of @entity1164 among 89 @entity1 treated with @entity1281 . The secondary end point was @entity1165 / @entity2224 (VT/VF), appropriate @entity737 ( @entity737 ) therapy, or @entity1167 after ASA among those with implanted ICDs or permanent pacemakers (n = 42). @entity1 were classified as either high-risk or low-risk on the basis of established clinical indications for @entity737 implantation. No mortality was attributable to @entity1164 at a mean follow-up of 5.0 +/- 2.3 years in the entire cohort. Among the 42 @entity1 with an @entity737 or permanent pacemaker, 9 had documented VT/VF, @entity1167 , or appropriate @entity737 therapy, resulting in an annual event rate of 4.9%/year. The annual event rate for VT/VF, @entity1167 , or appropriate @entity737 therapy was 2.8%/year (4 of 29 @entity1 ) in low-risk @entity1 and 13.4% in high-risk @entity1 (5 of 13 @entity1 ). A 10-mm Hg increase in the immediate post-ASA gradient was associated with a hazard ratio of 2.66 for arrhythmic events (95% confidence interval 1.55 to 4.56, p <0.001). In conclusion, ASA was performed in @entity1 with highly symptomatic, drug-refractory @entity1121 with no mortality attributable to @entity1164 and an annual rate of VT/VF, @entity1167 , or appropriate @entity737 therapy of 4.9%/year.

title: XXXX following @entity167 septal ablation for obstructive @entity1121 .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death', 'SCD']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Ventricular arrhythmia']


abstract: The @entity14062 ( @entity14062 ) technique was applied to a culture of @entity2364 RAG-1. This method was shown to result in synchronization of the cells, achieving a 77% improvement in cell synchrony over that of the batch case. Cellular occurrences, averaged out by asynchronous batch cultures, were magnified by the temporal alignment of metabolic events brought about by the synchronization associated with SCFs. The cell population doubled only once per cycle, thus establishing an equality between cycle time and doubling time. Parameters of interest were biomass concentration, total bioemulsifier (emulsan) production, cycle time, and residual @entity505 concentration. Cycle-to-cycle variation of these parameters was, in most cases, insignificant. Repeatability of doubling time estimates (based on 95% confidence intervals) was roughly 7 to 10 times better between cycles in an @entity14062 than between batch replicates. The @entity505 substrate was completely utilized in all cases in which it was measured, giving this technique an advantage over chemostat-type fermentations. The dissolved- @entity26 profiles monitored throughout a cycle were found to be repeatable. A characteristic shape, which can be related to the growth of the organism, was associated with each @entity505 source. The specific emulsan productivity of SCFs was found to be approximately 50 times greater than that of the batch process and 2 to 9 times greater than that of the chemostat, depending on the dilution rate considered. With respect to specific emulsan production, a 25-fold improvement over that in an immobilized cell system recently introduced was obtained. Thus, SCFs are a viable alternative to established fermentation techniques.

title: Self-Cycling Fermentation Applied to XXXX RAG-1.

entities_list: @entity2364 :: ('471', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter calcoaceticus']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity14062 :: ('MESH:D012652', 'Disease') :: ['SCF', 'self-cycling fermentation']

answer: @entity2364 :: (471,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter calcoaceticus']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) images the propagation of mechanical shear waves in tissue and uses that information to generate quantitative measures of tissue stiffness. @entity99 has been successfully performed in thousands of @entity1 , with good correlation between histologic grade of @entity82 and tissue stiffness. There has been no prior investigation of the utility of MRE for the assessment of kidney transplants. The aims of this study were to prospectively evaluate the feasibility of MRE in a small group of kidney transplant recipients and to correlate the measured magnetic resonance elastographic stiffness values with biopsy-proven histopathologic @entity82 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRE of renal transplants was performed in 11 @entity1 returning for protocol allograft biopsies. Calculated tissue stiffness values were compared to histologic degree of @entity82 in nine of the 11 @entity1 . RESULTS: The mean stiffness of two @entity1 with moderate @entity82 was higher than the mean of six @entity1 with mild @entity82 , but not significantly so (90 Hz, P = .12; 120 Hz, P = .17; 150 Hz, P = .26). The mean stiffness of the two @entity1 with moderate @entity82 was slightly greater than the mean of one @entity1 with no significant @entity82 at 90 Hz (P = .78) and slightly less at 120 and 150 Hz (P = .88 and P = .76). The mean stiffness of the six @entity1 with mild @entity82 did not differ significantly from that of the one @entity1 with no @entity82 (90 Hz, P = .35; 120 Hz, P = .22; 150 Hz, P = .16). CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results demonstrate feasibility and support known multifactorial influences on renal stiffness.

title: MR elastography in renal transplant XXXX and correlation with renal allograft biopsy: a feasibility study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic MRE']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity5755 ( @entity5755 ) receptors are exclusively distributed in small-sized neurons in trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia (DRG). We investigated the effects of MrgC receptor activation on inflammatory @entity1931 and its mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: A selective MrgC receptor agonist, @entity291 adrenal medulla peptide 8-22 (BAM8-22) or melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) or the  -opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist CTAP was administered intrathecally (i.t.) in @entity35 injected with complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity3795 ) in one hindpaw. Thermal and mechanical nociceptive responses were assessed. Neurochemicals were measured by immunocytochemistry, Western blot, ELISA and RT-PCR. KEY RESULTS: @entity3795 injection increased mRNA for MrgC receptors in lumbar DRG. BAM8-22 or @entity5067 , given i.t., generated instant short and delayed long-lasting attenuations of @entity3795 -induced thermal @entity1931 , but not mechanical @entity1931 . These effects were associated with decreased up-regulation of @entity2821 ( @entity2821 ), @entity10132 and @entity1639 expression in the spinal dorsal horn and/or DRG. However, i.t. administration of CTAP blocked the induction by BAM8-22 of delayed anti- @entity1931 and inhibition of @entity2821 and @entity10132 expression in DRG. BAM8-22 also increased mRNA for MORs and @entity4545 , along with b-endorphin content in the lumbar spinal cord and/or DRG. MrgC receptors and @entity2821 were co-localized in DRG neurons. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Activation of MrgC receptors suppressed up-regulation of pronociceptive mediators and consequently inhibited @entity158 , because of the activation of up-regulated MrgC receptors and subsequent endogenous activity at MORs. The uniquely distributed MrgC receptors could be a novel target for relieving @entity158 .

title: Effect of Mas-related gene ( @entity5755 ) receptors on @entity1931 in XXXX with @entity3795 -induced inflammation via direct and indirect mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['pro-opiomelanocortin']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'allodynia']

entities_list: @entity5755 :: ('116511', 'Gene') :: ['Mas oncogene-related gene', 'Mrg']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pain']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Mesenteric inflammatory @entity5501 (MIVOD) is a relatively recently known and not very often diagnosed form of @entity63 of low incidence und unknown etiology. We present the case of a @entity1 who after presentation of inconclusive signs of @entity158 and @entity548 suddenly developed right @entity490 with local peritonism. Suspecting @entity63 or @entity698 we first performed laparoscopy, which showed an inflammable @entity5 of cecum, ascending colon and appendix with massive adhesions to the abdominal wall. We performed an open right hemicolectomy with primary @entity254 . The @entity1 developed a @entity1150 of the vena tibialis post. and vena saphena parva. After 12 months our @entity1 is free of complaints and recurrence. Investigations carried out showed no evidence of hypercoagulopathy. The presentation of MIVOD can range from chronic @entity29 with recurrent @entity490 in combination with @entity390 , @entity391 and bloody @entity294 to acute abdomen. Therefore diagnostic misinterpretation and mistherapy as well as underdiagnosis is common. Histologic investigation shows a variable inflammatory infiltration of multiple veins of the intestinal wall and the mesentery as well as @entity715 in different stages without involvement of the arteries. All forms of hypercoagulopathy, @entity4801 , @entity295 and @entity5 have to be excluded. Therapeutic success can only be achieved with surgical resection of the affected bowel, whereon in general no recurrence will occur.

title: [Mesenteric inflammatory @entity5501 (MIVOD)--a rare cause of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['perforated appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal ischemia', 'ischemic bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['veno-occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic vessel occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic disease']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['intestinal ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prophylaxis against @entity281 can take several forms, none of which is totally effective at preventing the spread of the disease. QR-435, an all-natural compound of green-tea extract and other agents, has been developed to protect against a range of @entity1800 , including the @entity683 . METHODS: Several different QR-435 formulations were tested against the two influenza A H3N2 viruses (A/Sydney/5/97 and A/Panama/2007/99) in the ferret model. Most experiments included negative ( @entity1391 -buffered saline) and positive ( @entity684 5 mg/kg, twice daily) controls. QR-435 and the control were administered 5 minutes after intranasal delivery of the virus as prophylaxis against @entity281 resulting from exposure to infected but untreated ferrets and for prevention of transmission from infected and treated ferrets to untreated animals. Effects of QR-435 on seroconversion, virus shedding, and systemic sequelae of @entity281 (weight loss, fever, reduced activity) were evaluated. RESULTS: QR-435 prevented transmission and provided prophylaxis against @entity778 . Prophylaxis with QR-435 was significantly more than with @entity684 in these experiments. Optimal in vivo efficacy of QR-435 requires a horseradish concentration of at least 50% of that in the original formulation, and the benefits of this preparation appear to be dose dependent. CONCLUSIONS: QR-435 is effective for both prevention of H3N2 viral transmission and prophylaxis. These preclinical results warrant further evaluation of its prophylactic properties against @entity778 in @entity1 .

title: In vivo prophylactic activity of QR-435 against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['avian influenza virus infection', 'influenza virus H3N2']

entities_list: @entity684 :: ('MESH:D053139', 'Chemical') :: ['oseltamivir']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'influenza infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza subtype H3N2']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['H3N2 influenza virus infection']


abstract: Recent work has demonstrated the benefit of low pressure (LP) reperfusion to protect the heart undergoing an ischemic insult. The goal of the present study was to determine the optimal pressure for the application of LP reperfusion. Isolated @entity35 hearts (n = 30) were exposed to 40 minutes of global warm @entity63 followed by 70 minutes of reperfusion with a pressure fixed at 100 cm @entity2507 (normal pressure [NP] = control group), 85 cm (group LP [low pressure]-85), 70 cm (group LP-70), or 55 cm (group LP-55). Cardiac function was assessed during reperfusion using the Langendorff model. @entity296 was assessed by measuring @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) and @entity908 kinase (CK) leakage in the coronary effluents. Functional recovery was progressively and significantly improved with decreased perfusion pressure. Rate-pressure product (RPP) averaged 3765 +/- 408, 6824 +/- 439, and 12,036 +/- 664 mm Hg/min, respectively, among the control, @entity12991 , and LP-70 groups (P < .001, LP-70 vs other groups). However, RPP collapsed in the LP-55 group. Similarly, @entity39 as measured by LDH and CK leakage progressively reduced between LP-100 and LP-70 hearts (P < .01), with a drastic increase in enzyme in the LP-55 group. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that 70 cm @entity2507 is an optimal LP to improve @entity409 and attenuate @entity39 during reperfusion.

title: Optimal pressure for low pressure controlled reperfusion to efficiently protect ischemic heart: an experimental study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['postischemic contractile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Multiple studies have shown that promoter methylation of @entity5 suppressor genes underlies esophageal carcinogenesis. Hypothetically, methylation resulting in @entity5 suppressor gene inactivation might result in @entity5 that are unresponsive to chemotherapy and radiation. Accordingly, our aim was to find methylation markers that could be used to predict response to chemoradiation. METHODS: Tumor specimens were obtained before treatment from 35 @entity1 enrolled in a uniform chemoradiation treatment protocol. Methylation-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed on all samples. Pathology reports from esophagectomy specimens were used to define response to treatment. RESULTS: Thirteen (37%) of 35 @entity1 were responders, and 22 (63%) of 35 @entity1 were nonresponders. The number of methylated genes per @entity1 was significantly lower in responders than in nonresponders (1.4 vs 2.4 genes per @entity1 ; Student t test, P = .026). The combined mean level of promoter methylation of @entity986 , @entity42045 , @entity8755 , @entity9486 , @entity10429 , @entity10428 , @entity8724 , @entity8111 , and @entity3772 was also lower in responders than in nonresponders (Student t test, P = .003; Mann-Whitney test, P = .001). The frequency (15% of responders vs 64% of nonresponders; Fisher exact test, P = .01) and level (0.078 in responders vs 0.313 in nonresponders; Mann-Whitney test, P = .037) of @entity42045 methylation was significantly lower in responders than in nonresponders. CONCLUSIONS: @entity42045 methylation occurred at significantly lower levels and less frequently in chemoradioresponsive than in nonresponsive @entity418 @entity1 , suggesting potential clinical application of this single-gene biomarker in defining prognosis and management. In addition, increased methylation of a 9-gene panel correlated significantly with poor responsiveness to chemoradiation.

title: Promoter methylation and response to chemotherapy and radiation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography (US) for detecting parenchymal and @entity1290 and to establish the accuracy of US for determining the size and number of @entity1608 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 123 US and computed tomographic (CT) examinations were compared retrospectively for the presence of @entity1290 . The sensitivity of US was determined for individual @entity1608 and at least one calculus per examination. Retrospective findings were compared with the original US interpretation. The sizes of @entity1608 in longest axis were compared on US and CT images, and the US detection of @entity1608 in the left and right kidneys was compared. The use of US for detecting the full extent of calculus burden was evaluated in @entity1 with multiple @entity1608 . RESULTS: US depicted 24 of 101 @entity1608 identified at CT, yielding a sensitivity of 24% and a specificity of 90%. There was no substantial difference for the detection of @entity1608 in the right and left kidneys. The sensitivity of US for any @entity1608 in a @entity1 was 44%, equal to that of the original US interpretation. US enabled identification of 39% of @entity1 with multiple @entity1608 and demonstrated all @entity1608 in 17% of these @entity1 . The mean size of @entity1608 detected with US was 7.1 mm +/- 1.2 (95% CI); 73% of @entity1608 not visualized at US were less than 3.0 mm in size. Calculus size based on US and CT measurements was concordant in 79% of cases and differed by a mean of 1.5 mm +/- 0.7. CONCLUSION: US is of limited value for detecting @entity1290 .

title: US for detecting XXXX with nonenhanced CT as a reference standard.

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal calculi', 'renal pelvis calculi']

answer: @entity1290 :: (MESH:D007669,Disease) :: ['renal calculi']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To define a method of primary repair that would minimize @entity547 and to report medium-term follow-up of @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic repair of @entity357 to verify durability of the repair and to assess the effect of inclusion of an antireflux procedure. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Primary @entity357 was completed laparoscopically in 55 @entity1 . There were five recurrences within 6 months when the sac was not excised (20%). After institution of a technique of total sac excision in 30 subsequent repairs, no early recurrences were observed. METHODS: Inclusion of an antireflux procedure, incidence of subsequent @entity547 , @entity1282 , and @entity354 were recorded in clinical follow-up of @entity1 who underwent a laparoscopic procedure. RESULTS: Mean length of follow-up was 29 months. Forty-nine @entity1 were available for follow-up, and one @entity1 had died of @entity2 . Mean age at surgery was 68 years. The surgical morbidity rate in elderly @entity1 was no greater than in younger @entity1 . Eleven @entity1 (22%) had symptoms of mild to moderate reflux, and 15 were taking acid-reduction medication for a variety of dyspeptic complaints. All but 2 of these 15 had undergone 360 degrees fundoplication at initial repair. Two @entity1 (4%) had late recurrent @entity547 , each small, demonstrated by esophagram or endoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic repair in the medium term appeared durable. The incidence of @entity304 was unrelated to inclusion of an antireflux procedure. In the absence of motility data, partial fundoplication was preferred, although @entity1282 after floppy 360 degrees wrap was rare. With the low morbidity rate of this procedure, correction of symptomatic @entity357 appears indicated in @entity1 regardless of age.

title: Durability of laparoscopic repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['postsurgical reflux symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['paraesophageal hernia', 'paraesophageal hernia repair']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernia recurrence']

answer: @entity357 :: (MESH:D006551,Disease) :: ['paraesophageal hernia']


abstract: Exposure estimates based solely on proximity to air pollution sources are not sound and require confirmation. Accordingly, since a very limited amount of actual data for this type of exposure estimate is currently available, this study was conducted to provide actual data on residents' exposure to two important @entity18683 constituents [ @entity7388 ( @entity7389 ) and @entity7935 ] relative to their proximity to roadside service stations. The results confirmed that residents in neighborhoods near service stations are exposed to elevated ambient @entity7389 and @entity7935 levels compared with those living farther from such a source. However, it was also found that the presumed elevated outdoor @entity7935 levels (a mean of 1.7 ppb) even in close proximity to service stations did not exceed the indoor levels (a mean of 2.2 ppb) of exposure for those living nearby. Regardless of residents' distance from service stations, an indoor source (cigarette smoking) appeared to be the major contributor to their @entity7935 exposure. Conversely, for @entity7389 , roadside service stations were found to be the major contributor to residents' exposure. In addition, the residents close to the stations were exposed to elevated indoor and outdoor @entity7389 levels. The sampling period (daytime and nighttime) and season (winter and summer) were additional parameters for the outdoor @entity7389 and @entity7935 levels and the indoor @entity7389 levels. Meanwhile, the breathing zone air concentrations of service station attendants for both @entity7389 and @entity7935 were significantly higher than those of drivers (p < 0.05). In addition, the breathing zone concentrations were significantly higher during summer than during winter for both drivers and attendants (p < 0.05).

title: Exposure to XXXX and @entity7935 in close proximity to service stations.

entities_list: @entity7388 :: ('CHEBI:27642', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl tertiary butyl ether']

answer: @entity7388 :: (CHEBI:27642,Chemical) :: ['methyl tertiary butyl ether']


abstract: Effects of @entity3624 (2 mM) and @entity3624 oxidase (10 U/L) perfusion on myocardial function, lipid @entity2625 content, high-energy @entity6546 and their metabolites, and ultrastructure were examined in isolated perfused @entity35 hearts to define the time course of @entity296 due to exogenous supply of active @entity26 species. Peak-developed force and dF/dt showed a decline within 5 min and complete contractile failure was seen at 20 min. Resting @entity2701 was higher at 10 min and reached a maximum value of 400% at 40 min. These changes in contractile parameters were reduced by @entity224 dismutase (1.2 x 10(5) U/L), catalase (2 and 4 X 10(4) U/L), and @entity2656 (10 and 20 mM). Lipid @entity2625 content was significantly higher at 5 min and rose continuously with @entity3624 - @entity3624 oxidase (X-XO) perfusion. A close correlation was noted (r = 0.935) between increased lipid @entity2625 content and a decrease in peak-developed force. @entity1734 and @entity855 ( @entity855 ) showed a time-dependent decrease due to X-XO perfusion. Loss of @entity855 also correlated (r = 0.819) with the contractile failure. @entity857 showed an increase at 5 min followed by a decrease at 20 and 40 min. @entity860 , @entity859 , and @entity908 content increased with X-XO perfusion. In a semiquantitative morphometric study, significant myocardial and vascular changes became apparent only after 10 min of X-XO perfusion. When a 5-min perfusion with X-XO was followed by a control perfusion, a recovery of developed force and normal structure was noted at 40 min. These data show that X-XO induced contractile failure involves partially reduced forms of @entity26 such as @entity224 , @entity3787 radicals, and @entity273 . The negative inotropic effect of a vascular supply of these active @entity26 species may be related to increased lipid peroxidation as well as the loss of high-energy phosphates. @entity75 and blood vessels and a rise in resting @entity2701 were delayed events requiring a continuous and longer exposure to radical species.

title: Time course of structure, function, and metabolic changes due to an exogenous source of XXXX metabolites in @entity35 heart.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatine phosphate']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphates']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Structural damage to myocytes']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity860 :: ('MESH:D000249', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine monophosphate']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that effects of @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ) inhibitors upon resistance vessel structure are responsible for their ability to cause long-term reduction in blood pressure. DESIGN: @entity64 -prone spontaneously @entity101 (SHRSP) and @entity35 -Kyoto (WKY) @entity35 were treated with @entity4688 or @entity2514 from 4 to 15 weeks of age. Effects upon tail-cuff blood pressure, @entity4346 and structural indices of the @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) and its resistance vessels were assessed at 11 weeks of treatment and up to 11 weeks post-treatment. METHODS: @entity4346 was assessed by left ventricular weight:body weight ratios. Evidence of vascular structural change was obtained from tissue weight:body weight ratios, levels of RNA, DNA and expression of alpha-actin and @entity4116 messenger (m)RNA. RESULTS: The effects of @entity4688 and @entity2514 upon @entity4346 in SHRSP were consistent with their respective effects upon blood pressure. Both drugs prevented the development of medial @entity1184 in @entity6029 and resistance vessels. This was accompanied by substantial reductions in RNA:DNA ratios. Alpha-actin mRNA levels were not affected by either drug but @entity4116 mRNA levels were reduced by both drugs. During the first 12 days post-treatment there was evidence of structural change in @entity6029 accompanying the increases in blood pressure but importantly not in the resistance vessels. CONCLUSION: The effects of @entity4688 upon @entity4346 and mesenteric arterial @entity1184 are totally consistent with responses to blood pressure and the persistence of structural changes post-treatment does not underlie the ability of the @entity1811 inhibitors to persistently suppress @entity101 .

title: Effects of @entity4688 and @entity2514 treatment and withdrawal upon cardiovascular hypertrophy in XXXX -prone spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy', 'left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1811 :: ('24310(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['superior mesenteric artery', 'SMA']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: It is widely believed that @entity1 ' reluctance to report @entity158 and adhere to treatment recommendations are significant barriers to @entity5 control. However, few investigators have examined barriers to @entity5 management from the @entity5 @entity1 's perspective. Ambulatory @entity1 with @entity5 who had experienced @entity5 -related @entity158 in the previous month or were currently taking analgesics for @entity5 control were asked to participate in this study. Information regarding (a) @entity158 assessment, (b) @entity158 medication use, (c) concerns and barriers to compliance, (d) communication patterns regarding @entity158 and @entity158 control, and (e) demographics were collected during a 10-min structured interview. Approximately 20% of @entity1 with a current @entity5 diagnosis who were approached reported that they had experienced @entity158 or taken analgesic drugs during the preceding month. Eighty-eight percent of these @entity1 ranked their @entity158 as five or greater (scale, 0-10), and 81% reported impaired function due to @entity158 . Major barriers to effective treatment included forgetfulness, the belief that @entity158 should be tolerated, concerns about side effects, and fear and disdain of @entity734 , addiction, and tolerance. One-third of @entity1 felt that their @entity158 could not be better controlled than it currently was. @entity1 reported frequent communication regarding @entity158 and @entity158 control with physicians (52%), nurses (41%), and pharmacists (17%). The @entity158 prevalence, coupled with high @entity158 intensity and associated dysfunction, appears to be a reflection of @entity1 's unwillingness to report @entity158 of mild to moderate intensity. In addition to previously recognized factors, stoicism and fatalism represent significant barriers to @entity5 control.

title: @entity5 survey: XXXX -centered issues in control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['low pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine patterns of bone mineral acquisition in @entity1 and young adults with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) and to identify clinical and laboratory correlates of change in @entity79 ( @entity79 ). STUDY DESIGN: Bone mineral and clinical status were assessed in 41 @entity1 with @entity1577 (26 female, aged 9 to 50 years) at baseline and 1.5 years later. Bone mineral content of the lumber spine, femoral neck, and whole body was determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and expressed as @entity79 and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD). Changes in weight, height, pubertal status, glucocorticoid use, physical activity, disease severity, and biochemical markers of bone turnover were examined for associations with changes @entity79 and BMAD. RESULTS: Mean @entity79 Z-scores (adjusted for age and sex) were reduced at the spine, hip, and whole body at baseline in both adults and youths, and decreased further at all sites among youths at follow-up (-0.4 at spine, p < 0.05; -0.3 at hip, p < 0.10; -0.5 for whole body, p < 0.0005). These data indicate failure to gain bone mineral at the expected rate. BMAD was also reduced at follow-up, suggesting that the observed @entity2331 could not be explained by small bone size. @entity604 at multiple sites was observed in four youths and two adults. In general glucocorticoid use, change in body mass, physical activity, and disease severity were the most significant correlates for change in @entity79 and in @entity79 Z-score. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2331 in @entity1577 generally reflects inadequate gains in bone mineral, although @entity604 may occur, particularly in @entity1 requiring glucoc therapy. Late gains in bone mineral may accompany @entity1017 and pubertal development, but the catch-up appears to be incomplete.

title: Bone acquisition and loss in @entity1 and adults with XXXX : a longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['Bone loss', 'bone loss']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia', 'Osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']