abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether preoperative regional cerebral @entity26 saturation (rSO2) and the decrease in rSO2 during carotid clamping were predictive of the risk for @entity16 in carotid endarterectomy and to determine the cutoff values of the studied parameters. DESIGN: Cohort, prospective, nonrandomized trial. SETTING: Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia. @entity1 : The study comprised 466 adults who underwent carotid endarterectomy since 2012. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity1 characteristics, @entity260 , and brain @entity26 supply during carotid endarterectomy were analyzed. The primary endpoints were the perioperative and early postoperative @entity16 . @entity385 was diagnosed in 1.5% of @entity1 , and @entity73 were reported in 2.6% of @entity1 . Preoperative rSO2 of 50% was the cutoff value for the prediction of @entity64 outcome after carotid endarterectomy, with a sensitivity of 90.7% and specificity of 66.7%. A 20% decrease in rSO2 during temporary carotid clamping was the cutoff value for the prediction of @entity64 , with a sensitivity of 86.0% and specificity of 57.1%, and for the prediction of @entity73 , with a sensitivity of 88.1% and specificity of 58.3%. Preoperative rSO2 less than 50% and a decrease in rSO2 of at least 20% during temporary carotid artery clamping caused a significant increase in the hospitalization period. CONCLUSIONS: A 20% or more decrease in rSO2 during temporary internal carotid artery clamping during carotid endarterectomy caused a 10-fold increased risk of @entity385 and an 8-fold increased risk of @entity73 , whereas preoperative rSO2 less than 50% resulted in a 6-fold increased risk of @entity385 in the perioperative and early postoperative periods of carotid endarterectomy.

title: Brain XXXX Supply Parameters in the Risk Assessment of Cerebral Complications During Carotid Endarterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disorders']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic complications']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['Oxygen']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6739 cells can be prepared for electron microscopy (EM) in the frozen-hydrated state. This eliminates the requirement for @entity2700 and heavy metal staining when preparing samples for EM. As with room temperature imaging, however, the @entity375 must be sectioned to make them thin enough for transmission of the electron beam. Cutting sections of vitreous ice with a microtome is challenging. An alternative method that uses a focused ion beam to make a thin sample by milling away much of the sample at liquid @entity1568 temperatures is under development but is not yet available for routine use. Imaging frozen-hydrated samples by EM is also a challenge. The technique involves battling low image contrast, high sensitivity to the electron beam, and mechanical distortions produced during the sectioning process. When used successfully, however, the method holds promise of providing excellent molecular detail without the disruption characteristic of @entity2700 or isolating a structure from its cellular environment. Cryo-EM of tilted views can be used to examine small structures and macromolecular complexes in their native cellular environment. If a structure exists in multiple copies, or has a repeating unit, it can be investigated at higher resolution using subvolume averaging. This protocol focuses on the preparation of cells for cryo-EM.

title: Cryoelectron Microscopy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['Fission yeast']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

answer: @entity6739 :: (4896,Species) :: ['Fission Yeast']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To compare operative morbidity, mortality, quality of life, and survival after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) versus pancreatoduodenectomy with extended lymphadenectomy (PD/ELND) in @entity1 with resectable @entity788 . METHODS: From May 1997 to July 2003 there were 132 @entity1 with biopsy examination-proven or suspected @entity420 of the pancreatic head who agreed to participate in a single-institution, prospective, randomized trial. If resectable at operation, @entity1 then were randomized to standard PD (40 @entity1 ) or PD/ELND (39 @entity1 ). Quality of life was assessed by using the Functional Assessment of Response to Cancer Therapy specific to the pancreas. Morbidity, mortality, and survival were analyzed. RESULTS: Demographics and pathologic characteristics for both groups were similar. When comparing PD/ELND with standard PD, the median operating time was greater for the PD/ELND group (7.6 h vs 6.2 h, P < .01), blood transfusion more likely (44% vs 22%, P < .05), and the median number of lymph nodes resected was greater (36 vs 15 nodes, P < .01). Morbidity and mortality rates were comparable. Median durations of stay were 11 and 10.5 days (P = NS), respectively. There were no significant differences in 1-year (71% vs 82%), 3-year (25% vs 41%), 5-year (16.5% vs 16.4%), and median (19 vs 26 mo) survival (P = .32). At 4 months postoperatively, @entity294 , body appearance, and bowel control scored lower on the Functional Assessment of Response to Cancer Therapy specific to the pancreas after PD/ELND (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Although a much larger study would have more power to compare statistically the survival between groups, both the decrement in quality of life and similar studies showing no survival difference make PD/ELND unattractive for further prospective investigation.

title: A prospective randomized trial comparing standard pancreatoduodenectomy with pancreatoduodenectomy with extended lymphadenectomy in resectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic head adenocarcinoma']


abstract: The incidence of @entity309 in @entity1 is 4 times that in @entity1 , suggesting a possible relationship between this disease and ovarian functioning. A study was done to attempt ovarian control in the treatment of @entity6470 by the use of @entity8098 in a dose of 20 mg/day for 1 month. 3 @entity1 between the ages of 40 and 50 were helped greatly. In 5 @entity1 between the ages of 50 and 60 results obtained were quite good. 4 @entity1 over 60 had poor results. It is logical to suppose that results would be better in younger @entity1 . In 4 cases where @entity1867 supervened and in 3 others treatment was not properly used. Some @entity1 complained of loss of hair and in some there was a tendency to @entity28 and @entity101 which, however, was generally mild. No case of @entity309 was cured. Response, when it occurred, was rapid but once obtained was not followed by further improvement.

title: [Good results with XXXX in @entity309 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8098 :: ('MESH:D009640', 'Chemical') :: ['norethisterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6470 :: ('MESH:C538347', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1867 :: ('MESH:D008796', 'Disease') :: ['metrorrhagia']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity8098 :: (MESH:D009640,Chemical) :: ['Norethisterone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Convenient dosing, potency, and low @entity137 support use of @entity19368 ( @entity12046 ) as preferred @entity4334 reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) for @entity2858 treatment. However, renal and metabolic safety of @entity12046 compared to other NRTIs has not been well described in resource-limited settings. METHODS: This was a secondary analysis examining the occurrence of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and renal and metabolic serious non-AIDS-defining events (SNADEs) through study follow-up between @entity1 randomized to @entity9611 ( @entity9612 )/ @entity16332 / @entity488 and @entity12046 / @entity15832 /efavirenz treatment arms within A5175/PEARLS trial. Exact logistic regression explored associations between baseline covariates and @entity8 . Response profile longitudinal analysis compared @entity1011 clearance (CrCl) over time between NRTI groups. RESULTS: Twenty-one of 1,045 @entity1 developed @entity8 through 192 weeks follow-up; there were 15 out of 21 in the @entity12046 arm (P = .08). Age 41 years or older (odds ratio [OR], 3.35; 95% CI, 1.1-13.1), his- tory of @entity6 (OR, 10.7; 95% CI, 2.1-55), and lower baseline CrCl (OR, 3.1 per 25 mL/min decline; 95% CI, 1.7-5.8) were associated with development of @entity8 . Renal SNADEs occurred in 42 @entity1 ; 33 were @entity293 and 4 were @entity177 ; one event was attributed to @entity12046 . Significantly lower CrCl values were maintained among @entity1 receiving @entity12046 compared to @entity9612 (repeated measures analysis, P = .05), however worsening CrCl from baseline was not observed with @entity12046 exposure over time. Metabolic SNADEs were rare, but were higher in the @entity9612 arm (20 vs 3; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity12046 is associated with lower serious metabolic @entity137 but not higher risk of @entity8 , serious renal events, or worsening CrCl over time compared to @entity9612 in this randomized multinational study.

title: Renal and metabolic XXXX following initiation of @entity2858 treatment regimen in a diverse, multinational setting: a focused safety analysis of ACTG PEARLS (A5175).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['RAs', 'renal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity9611 :: ('MESH:D015215', 'Chemical') :: ['zidovudine']

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity488 :: ('MESH:C098320', 'Chemical') :: ['efavirenz']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure/insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity15832 :: ('MESH:C122114', 'Chemical') :: ['emtricitabine']

entities_list: @entity19368 :: ('MESH:C418563', 'Chemical') :: ['tenofovir disoproxil fumarate']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicities']


abstract: 1. The relative roles of @entity1 hepatic @entity12325 ( @entity12325 ) subfamilies participating in @entity17979 metabolism have been studied in vitro using humanized heterologous @entity12325 microsomal systems expressing either @entity4914 , @entity5944 , @entity5060 , @entity5320 , @entity5321 or @entity5322 . 2. @entity17979 was incubated with each expression system at 37 degrees C, and its hydroxylated metabolite was quantified by HPLC assay. 3. K(m) and V(max) values for metabolite formation were estimated for @entity5322 and @entity5321 . The K(m) values for the metabolite formed were 1.40 and 0.24 mM for @entity5322 and @entity5321 , respectively. The V(max) values were 0.65 and 0.14 nmol @entity5090 protein @entity1009 ) for @entity5322 and @entity5321 , respectively. 4. These parameters could not be measured for other enzymes, since metabolite concentrations formed were below the HPLC detection limits. 5. Immuno-inhibition studies using specific antibodies against @entity5322 or @entity5321 revealed that @entity17979 metabolite levels decreased when the amount of added @entity5322 or @entity5321 antibody increased, with anti- @entity5322 antibodies yielding a greater inhibitory effect. 6. Simulations of scaled-up in vivo @entity17979 CL(hepatic) mediated by @entity5322 and @entity5321 based on the in vitro CL'(int) values, which were calculated from the foregoing respective V(max) and K(m) values, project that well over 90% of in vivo CL(hepatic) is due to @entity5322 . These results support an important role for @entity5322 in @entity1 @entity17979 metabolism, and a minor role for @entity5321 .

title: Characterization of the XXXX enzymes involved in the in vitro metabolism of @entity17979 by @entity1 hepatic microsomal enzymes.

entities_list: @entity17979 :: ('MESH:D005013', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethosuximide', 'ethosuximide']

answer: @entity12325 :: (4051,Gene) :: ['cytochrome P450']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity2438 rate has recently increased to 1 in 100 @entity1 . Genetic studies demonstrate poorly understood complexity. Environmental factors apparently also play a role. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies demonstrate increased brain sizes and altered connectivity. Electroencephalogram (EEG) coherence studies confirm connectivity changes. However, genetic-, MRI- and/or EEG-based diagnostic tests are not yet available. The varied study results likely reflect methodological and population differences, small samples and, for EEG, lack of attention to group-specific artifact. METHODS: Of the 1,304 subjects who participated in this study, with ages ranging from 1 to 18 years old and assessed with comparable EEG studies, 463 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity72 ( @entity72 ); 571 @entity1 were neuro-typical controls (C). After artifact management, @entity2483 ( @entity2483 ) identified EEG spectral coherence factors with corresponding loading patterns. The 2- to 12-year-old subsample consisted of 430 @entity72 - and 554 C-group subjects (n = 984). Discriminant function analysis (DFA) determined the spectral coherence factors' discrimination success for the two groups. Loading patterns on the @entity12606 -selected coherence factors described @entity72 -specific coherence differences when compared to controls. RESULTS: Total sample @entity2483 of coherence data identified 40 factors which explained 50.8% of the total population variance. For the 2- to 12-year-olds, the 40 factors showed highly significant group differences (P < 0.0001). Ten randomly generated split half replications demonstrated high-average classification success (C, 88.5%; @entity72 , 86.0%). Still higher success was obtained in the more restricted age sub-samples using the jackknifing technique: 2- to 4-year-olds (C, 90.6%; @entity72 , 98.1%); 4- to 6-year-olds (C, 90.9%; @entity72 99.1%); and 6- to 12-year-olds (C, 98.7%; @entity72 , 93.9%). Coherence loadings demonstrated reduced short-distance and reduced, as well as increased, long-distance coherences for the @entity72 -groups, when compared to the controls. Average spectral loading per factor was wide (10.1 Hz). CONCLUSIONS: Classification success suggests a stable coherence loading pattern that differentiates @entity72 - from C-group subjects. This might constitute an EEG coherence-based phenotype of childhood @entity2438 . The predominantly reduced short-distance coherences may indicate poor local network function. The increased long-distance coherences may represent compensatory processes or reduced neural pruning. The wide average spectral range of factor loadings may suggest over-damped neural networks.

title: A stable pattern of EEG spectral coherence distinguishes XXXX with @entity2438 from neuro-typical controls - a large case control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['principal components analysis', 'PCA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: 1. Metal ions other than @entity219 and @entity1760 were effective in modulating the activity of @entity35 osseous plate alkaline phosphatase. 2. Increasing pH had remarkable effects on the modulation of @entity35 osseous plate alkaline phosphatase. 3. The modulation of enzyme activity by @entity219 , @entity921 and @entity1953 ions was slightly affected by pH variations. 4. @entity219 ions were stimulatory for the enzyme at very low concentrations (50 nM). Above 50 nM @entity219 ions inhibited the enzyme by displacing @entity1760 ions. 5. @entity460 ions were inhibitors of alkaline phosphatase (Kd = 10 microM) whereas @entity921 (Kd = 1.3 microM) and @entity1953 (Kd = 0.2 microM) ions were stimulatory in the pH range 8.0-10.0.

title: Effect of pH on the modulation of XXXX osseous plate alkaline phosphatase by metal ions.

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Neither single-agent therapy nor any combination treatment has been satisfactory enough to be regarded as standard in systemic advanced @entity2826 . In an attempt to achieve high efficacy in combination with low @entity137 , we used a new liposomal formulation of @entity632 . Pharmacologic data had established a long plasma half-life, an increased accumulation in @entity5 tissue, and a decrease in uptake by tissues such as liver, spleen, and bone marrow. In a phase I/II open-label, dose-escalating trial 40 male @entity791 @entity1 with advanced @entity2826 were enrolled to receive intravenous "stealth" liposomal @entity632 biweekly at doses of 10 mg/m2 (n = 10), 20 mg/m2 (n = 27), and 40 mg/m2 (n = 3). The median @entity404 count at baseline was 25/microL. After six cycles (12 weeks), 39 @entity1 were evaluable. Three @entity1 (7.5%) showed a complete response, which was histologically confirmed. A partial response was documented in 33 @entity1 (85%). Stable disease was observed in three @entity1 (7.5%). During a median treatment duration of 25 weeks, four @entity1 developed @entity3136 (10%), and four @entity1 (10%) experienced @entity1665 . The most frequent hematologic @entity137 was @entity1398 . Grade 4 @entity1398 was seen in 42.5%, and grade 3 @entity137 was seen in 30%. @entity137 was dose-dependent and more frequent in the 40 mg/m2 stratum. During a median observation period of 25 weeks, @entity1292 occurred in 57.5% of the @entity1 population. We conclude that liposomal @entity632 at dose levels of 10 and 20 mg/m2 is safe and effective for treatment of advanced @entity2826 in @entity791 . A controlled trial comparing liposomal @entity632 to conventional combination therapy is underway.

title: Liposomal XXXX in the treatment of advanced @entity791 -related @entity2826 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ['Kaposi sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 in the elderly is a significant problem, with approximately 30% of all @entity0 occurring in @entity1 who are aged 70 or more. Treatments such as axillary dissection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, part of standard therapy in younger @entity1 , have a considerable morbidity and may not be well tolerated in the elderly. The authors report their experience with a more conservative approach to @entity0 in the elderly, using complete local excision combined with long-term @entity440 ( @entity30130 and Tam). METHODS: Seventy @entity1 aged > or = 70 years (median age: 79.5 years; range: 70-93 years) were treated by @entity30130 and Tam, and were followed for a median of 25 months (range: 1-82 months). The study population of 70 @entity1 represented a less fit group, with @entity5 suitable for a breast-conserving approach and without palpable axillary lymph nodes. Follow-up was by clinical examination and annual mammography. RESULTS: Loco-regional failure occurred in seven @entity1 (10%), three of which involved the breast alone, three the axilla alone, and one involved both sites. Five @entity1 had further surgery. Six of the seven @entity1 had high-grade @entity5 and two of them were @entity2931 receptor-negative. Four of the failure group have subsequently died: two with metastatic @entity0 and two from non-malignant disease. Of the whole study group, there have been 12 deaths in the follow-up period: three from metastatic @entity0 and nine from unrelated medical illness. CONCLUSIONS: It is believed that @entity30130 and Tam provide a simple and safe approach for early non-high-grade @entity0 in elderly @entity1 . By such an approach, a large number of elderly @entity1 can avoid axillary dissection and radiotherapy.

title: Management of XXXX in the elderly by complete local excision and @entity440 alone.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To construct risk indices predicting adverse outcomes following surgery for @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ). METHODS: The VA National Surgical Quality Improvement Program contains prospectively collected data on more than 1 million @entity1 . @entity1 undergoing adhesiolysis only or small bowel resection for @entity1744 from 1991 to 2002 were selected. Independent variables included 68 presurgical and 12 intraoperative risk factors; dependent variables were 21 adverse outcomes including @entity204 . Stepwise logistic regression was used to construct models predicting 30-day morbidity and mortality and to derive risk index values. @entity1 were then divided into risk classes. RESULTS: Of the 2002 @entity1 , 1650 underwent adhesiolysis only and 352 underwent small bowel resection. Thirty-seven percent undergoing adhesiolysis only and 47% undergoing small bowel resection had more than 1 complication (P < 0.001). The overall 30-day mortality was 7.7% and did not differ significantly between the groups. Odds of @entity204 were highest for dirty or infected wounds, ASA class 4 or 5, age >80 years, and @entity1353 at rest. Morbidity ranged from 22%, among @entity1 with 0 to 7 risk points, to 62% for those with >19 risk points. Mortality ranged from 2% among @entity1 with 0 to 12 risk points to 28% for those with >31 risk points. CONCLUSIONS: Morbidity and mortality after surgery for @entity1744 in VA hospitals are comparable with those in other large series. The morbidity rate, but not the mortality rate, is significantly higher in @entity1 requiring small bowel resection compared with those requiring adhesiolysis only (P < 0.001). The risk indices presented provide an easy-to-use tool for clinicians to predict outcomes for @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity1744 .

title: Risk factors for adverse outcomes following surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['SBO', 'small bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['small bowel obstruction']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine the prevalence of acquired pits of the optic nerve (APON) in @entity726 and the characteristics of associated @entity227 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Stereoscopic optic disc photos from 235 @entity1 with a low-tension variety of primary @entity1538 (LTG) and 251 primary @entity1538 @entity1 with intraocular pressures higher than 21 mmHg (HTG) were examined for the presence of typical APON as defined by a standard photograph (Fig 1). Associated @entity227 was evaluated with automated perimetry and patterns of field loss were identified. RESULTS: Out of a total of 486 @entity1 , 63 APON were found in 51 eyes of 44 @entity726 @entity1 . APONs were more prevalent in @entity1 . Acquired pits were more frequently (p<0.001) located inferiorly (70%) than superiorly (30%). There was a significantly higher prevalence (p<0.001) of APON in LTG @entity1 (12.7%) than in HTG @entity1 (5.6%). Dense @entity227 within five degrees of fixation occurred in 96% of @entity1 with APON. CONCLUSION: Acquired pits of the optic nerve are more often located at the inferior optic disc than at the superior disc and are nearly always associated with @entity227 close to fixation. In a @entity726 referral center setting, APON are more prevalent in lower pressure @entity726 than in higher pressure @entity726 .

title: Acquired pits of the optic nerve in XXXX : prevalence and associated @entity227 .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defects', 'visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recombinant @entity14576 - @entity34313 , a chimera of @entity34313 ( @entity34313 ) and a short coiled-coil domain of @entity14576 ( @entity14576 ), is under consideration as a therapeutic agent in bone reconstruction. However, the potential of @entity14576 - @entity34313 to regenerate impaired bone and induce new bone formation has not been completely explored. In this study, male @entity35 underwent @entity9332 surgery and divided into two groups: scaffold treatment alone (control group) and @entity14576 - @entity34313 -impregnated scaffold ( @entity14576 - @entity34313 group). According to live micro-CT and histological analyses, the @entity14576 - @entity34313 group showed greater new bone formation and maturation than did the control both four and eight weeks after surgery. The values of bone volume, bone mineral density, and bone surface were also higher in the @entity14576 - @entity34313 group than in the control at the same weeks after surgery. In addition, the delivery of @entity14576 - @entity34313 facilitated significantly the expression of osteoblast-specific markers such as @entity6037 (p   <   0.001), osterix (p   <   0.001), @entity2095 (p   <   0.001), alkaline phosphatase (p   <   0.01), @entity9356 (p   <   0.001), and type I collagen (p   <   0.05) in newly formed bone, compared with the control. Immunohistochemistric assay supported the @entity14576 - @entity34313 -facilitated induction of bone-specific markers. Furthermore, @entity14576 - @entity34313 augmented the mRNA expression of angiogenic factors, especially of @entity18518 , and @entity26081 in the defect site. Our current findings demonstrate for the first time that a local delivery of recombinant @entity14576 - @entity34313 promotes bone formation in @entity9332 , which is coupled with enhanced @entity7499 and chemoattraction.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2015.

title: Local delivery of @entity14576 -angiopoietin 1 accelerates new bone formation in @entity35 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity18518 :: ('29583(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1, stromal cell-derived factor 1']

entities_list: @entity6037 :: ('367218(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['runt-related transcription factor 2']

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity14576 :: ('25304(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['COMP', 'cartilage oligomeric matrix protein']

entities_list: @entity9332 :: ('MESH:C537963', 'Disease') :: ['calvarial defect', 'calvarial defects']

entities_list: @entity2095 :: ('29373(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-2']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity9332 :: (MESH:C537963,Disease) :: ['calvarial defects']


abstract: BACKGROUND: -Chronic disease can contribute to functional disability, which can degrade quality of life. However, the prevalence of functional disability and its association with outcomes among @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) requires further study. METHODS AND RESULTS: -Southeastern Minnesota residents with @entity712 were enrolled from September 2003 through January 2012 into a cohort study with follow-up through December 2012. Difficulty with 9 ADLs was assessed by questionnaire. @entity1 were divided into 3 categories of ADL difficulty (no/minimal, moderate, severe). The associations of ADL difficulty with mortality and hospitalization were assessed using Cox and Andersen-Gill models. Among 1128 @entity1 (mean age 74.7 years, 49.2% female), a majority (59.4%) reported difficulty with one or more ADLs at enrollment, with 272 (24.1%) and 146 (12.9%) experiencing moderate and severe difficulty, respectively. After a mean (SD) follow-up of 3.2 (2.4) years, 614 (54.4%) @entity1 had died. Mortality increased with increasing ADL difficulty; the HR (95% CI) for @entity204 was 1.49 (1.22-1.82) and 2.26 (1.79-2.86) for those with moderate and severe difficulty, respectively, compared to those with no/minimal difficulty (ptrend <0.001). @entity1 with moderate and severe difficulty were at increased risk for all-cause and non-cardiovascular hospitalization. In a second assessment, 17.7% of survivors reported more difficulty with ADLs and @entity1 with persistently severe or worsening difficulty were at increased risk for @entity204 (HR 2.10, 95% CI 1.71-2.58, p<0.001) and hospitalization (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.31-1.74, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: -Functional disability is common in @entity1 with @entity712 , can progress over time, and is associated with adverse prognosis.

title: Activities of Daily Living and Outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart Failure']


abstract: It is well documented that @entity3774 (PGF2 alpha) inhibits @entity1420 production in luteal cells, but its mode of action is uncertain. It has recently been suggested that PGF2 alpha acts by activating the @entity460 and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase, @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ). This hypothesis has been tested by comparing the site and mode of action of PGF2 alpha, a PGF2 alpha analogue ( @entity2669 ) and the @entity7131 activator @entity4514 (4 beta @entity4515 ) in @entity1 granulosa-lutein cells. PGF2 alpha and @entity2669 exerted similar concentration-dependent inhibitory actions on gonadotrophin-stimulated @entity1919 ( @entity268 ) accumulation and @entity1420 production by @entity1 granulosa-lutein cells. The similarity in the actions of PGF2 alpha and @entity2669 in @entity1 granulosa-lutein cells suggests that they can be used interchangeably to study the role of PGF2 alpha in the regulation of steroidogenesis in the @entity1 ovary. Gonadotrophin-stimulated @entity268 accumulation and @entity1420 production was also concentration-dependently inhibited by 4 beta @entity4515 . In addition, @entity2669 and 4 beta @entity4515 also inhibited @entity8279 -stimulated @entity1420 production, suggesting that these compounds inhibit LH action at sites before and after the generation of @entity268 . The pre- @entity268 site of action can be localised to the stimulatory G-protein (Gs) as both compounds inhibited cholera toxin-stimulated @entity268 accumulation without affecting @entity1928 -stimulated @entity268 accumulation. The post @entity268 site of action can be localised to actions on @entity165 side chain cleavage enzyme, as both @entity2669 and 4 beta @entity4515 inhibited @entity29113 -supported @entity1420 production without affecting @entity3333 -supported @entity1420 production. The finding that @entity2669 and 4 beta @entity4515 interact with the steroidogenic cascade in a similar manner is indicative of a shared common mediator of their actions in @entity1 granulosa- @entity8665 cells, i.e. @entity7131 . The inhibitory actions of PGF2 alpha and 4 beta @entity4515 on hLH-stimulated @entity1420 production were abolished in the presence of the @entity7131 inhibitor, @entity866 . In addition, in @entity7131 -depleted cells (achieved by exposure to 4 beta @entity4515 for 20 h) the inhibitory actions of PGF2 alpha and 4 beta @entity4515 were abolished. These results support the hypothesis that the inhibitory actions of PGF2 alpha are mediated by @entity7131 in @entity1 granulosa-lutein cells.

title: Mode of action of @entity3774 in XXXX luteinized granulosa cells: role of @entity7131 .

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3333 :: ('MESH:D011284', 'Chemical') :: ['pregnenolone']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity2669 :: ('MESH:D003008', 'Chemical') :: ['cloprostenol']

entities_list: @entity8279 :: ('CHEBI:50095', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl cAMP']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2 alpha']

entities_list: @entity29113 :: ('MESH:C003585', 'Chemical') :: ['22R hydroxycholesterol']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Risk factors such as high serum @entity165 concentration measured in young adulthood predict premature @entity301 ( @entity301 ) in the middle-aged. The objective of this study was to analyze the associations between physical activity and @entity301 risk factors--body composition, blood pressure, serum lipids, apolipoproteins, and insulin--in @entity1 and young adults. The design was a cross-sectional study of @entity731 precursors in @entity1 and young adults using a cohort of @entity1 and young adults (N = 2,358) aged 9 to 24 years to determine indices of physical activity, measurements of anthropometric characteristics, blood pressure, serum lipids, @entity1675 , and insulin. The results show that a high level of physical activity was associated with high serum high density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) and @entity9477 -C concentrations, and low levels of serum @entity1674 (TG), @entity755 and insulin in males. However, in females, the influence of physical activity was evident only on TG level. In both genders, physical activity was inversely associated with @entity28 . In all these associations, a significant dose-related relationship was observed. We found no association between physical activity and blood pressure. In conclusion, physical activity is associated with a favorable serum lipid profile already during childhood and early adulthood in a dose-related manner, particularly in males. The promotion of physical activity is important in childhood in preventing @entity28 and premature @entity65 .

title: Associations between physical activity and risk factors for XXXX : the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoproteins A-I and B']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective clinical observational study was conducted. OBJECTIVE: To assess the relation of spinal @entity174 type and its magnitude of distortion to subsequent long-term development of late @entity85 in childhood onset @entity1566 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: In this study, 76 adults who sustained @entity1566 during childhood were examined clinically and radiographically alongside a retrospective review of case notes and radiographs. METHODS: The nature of the @entity3510 and the progression of its displacement were defined from radiographs taken immediately after injury, then at 4 months and at 1 year. Eventual adult @entity85 was defined from standardized erect long-plate radiographs. @entity1635 , @entity1513 , and @entity1515 were measured using Cobb's method. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the severity of @entity1635 , @entity1513 , or @entity1515 between traumatic and nontraumatic injuries, nor between @entity1 with and those without radiologically visible @entity130 . Of the 14 @entity1 with traumatic thoracic and @entity130 who had undergone no surgical intervention, 10 (71%) showed development of major scoliotic curves that did not include the @entity174 site. The @entity1 with no angular displacement at the @entity174 site after 1 year went on to experience the development of more severe @entity1635 (mean, 66 degrees) than those who had displaced @entity174 (mean, 38 degrees). In five, a low kyphotic curve and a compensatory @entity1515 above it developed. CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence that the @entity130 to the vertebral column itself in the @entity1 with @entity1566 influences the development of late @entity1635 or @entity1515 , but it may influence any eventual @entity1513 .

title: The relation of thoracic and @entity174 configuration to the development of @entity85 in childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['Scoliosis', 'scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['bony injury', 'lumbar injuries']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some paramyxovirus (measles, @entity10201 , and @entity235 's distemper virus) are currently considered to be responsible for @entity4261 . A relevant role is also given to inheritance as predisposing factor. Some authors have found an association between HLA antigens with this disease, but without unanimous agreement. Although this hypothesis of an interaction between a genetic factor and a viral infectious agent is the most accepted universally, there is not yet a definitive cause for the disease. The participation of some other environmental factors has not been ruled out. METHODS: One hundred and forty @entity1 in the Zamora province were studied. The geographic distribution in the different areas of the province was analyzed and also whether there was family aggregation all cases. HLA-I was determined in 59 @entity1 and HLA-II in cases with aggregation. The mineral composition ( @entity460 , @entity2862 , @entity1760 , @entity3362 , and @entity3878 ) analysis of public running water was carried out in all population centers in the province. RESULTS: Aggregation was found in four families (four, two, four, and three siblings, respectively). Although HLA-I antigens were determined in 59 @entity1 , no association was found. HLA-II antigens were also determined in the involved @entity1 with family links and no association was found between these antigens and the disease. A much higher aggregation was found in some particular areas in our province and these foci coincided with some characteristics of mineral composition of public running waters. CONCLUSIONS: There is a genetic factor predisposing to the disease, as family aggregation occurs with a higher frequency than would otherwise be expected. Nevertheless, no association with HLA antigens was found. This disease is more common in some particular geographic areas, thus supporting the hypothesis of an environmental factor as trigger. An association was found between mineral composition of public running waters and @entity1 geographic distribution.

title: [Epidemiology of XXXX . Peculiarities in the province of Zamora].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10201 :: ('12814', 'Species') :: ['respiratory syncytial virus']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity3878 :: ('MESH:D002713', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine']

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ["Paget's disease of the bone"]

entities_list: @entity2862 :: ('MESH:D005461', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity4261 :: (MESH:D010001,Disease) :: ['Paget's disease']


abstract: @entity20958 (IQ) is a very potent mutagen that is carcinogenic in rodents and nonhuman primates. IQ-induced CDF1 @entity19 lung and @entity96 were examined for activated @entity11518 and @entity11517 genes, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified target DNAs were analyzed for mutations of codons 12, 13, and 61 by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and direct sequencing methods. All mutations were localized to codon 61 of the ras genes. Forty-nine of 54 @entity2 induced by IQ possessed activating @entity11518 mutations, as did 20 of 26 @entity2 from the vehicle-treated animals; 80% and 75% of these mutations, respectively, were @entity2775 transversions of the second nucleotide redundant. One lung adenoma from the IQ-treated group contained a tandem duplication of the sequence corresponding to codons 50-57 of the @entity11518 gene (unpublished observations). In addition, seven of 34 IQ-induced @entity96 harbored activating @entity11517 mutations: five were @entity11414 ( @entity13285 ) transversions at the first @entity377 , and two were @entity2775 transversions at the second nucleotide of codon 61. @entity96 collected from the vehicle-treated @entity19 possessed @entity11517 mutations in codon 12, 13, or 61. These data indicate that IQ induces @entity11517 gene activation in CDF1 @entity19 @entity96 . The mechanisms of @entity2 induction by IQ, however, is obscured by the high frequency of @entity11518 @entity2775 mutations observed in both the IQ-induced and spontaneous @entity2 . The different ras mutational spectra in lung and @entity96 may suggest either that two different pathways of IQ metabolism exist in these organs or that IQ contributes to CDF1 lung tumorigenesis by a mechanism other than its direct interaction with the @entity11518 gene.

title: ras mutations in XXXX -induced tumors in the CDF1 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors', 'None of the 15 liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors', 'lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity20958 :: ('MESH:C029216', 'Chemical') :: ['2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline']

answer: @entity20958 :: (MESH:C029216,Chemical) :: ['2-amino-3-methylimidazo-[4,5-f]quinoline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Currently, serum biomarkers play an important role as sensitive tools for monitoring the @entity5 development and progression. Each biomarker represents a specific pathogenesis and has different predictive capability. In order to identify their characteristics in @entity1 @entity421 , multiple potential biomarkers were analyzed simultaneously with clinical presentations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 28 @entity421 @entity1 and 30 healthy matched controls. Specific clinical presentations were recorded, including: @entity5 volume, estimated based on three-dimensional MRI volumetric measurement; @entity3 status; and histological cell types. Serum biomarkers analyzed by ELISA-based assays were bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), @entity7 ( @entity7 ), hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate WF6 (WF6). Serum @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) was analyzed by a photometric-based system. RESULTS: Serum BALP, LDH and WF6 levels of @entity421 @entity1 were significantly higher than those of healthy controls, whereas HA and @entity7 levels were not significantly different between the two groups. Serum BALP and LDH were positively correlated with @entity5 volume, (correlation coefficients 0.5 and 0.4, respectively). Serum BALP from @entity3 and osteoblastic subtype group had a significantly higher level than that found in non- @entity3 and non-osteoblastic subtypes group, respectively. Upon multivariate analysis, @entity5 volume was the only factor which correlated with BALP levels. CONCLUSION: Of the biomarkers analyzed in this study, serum BALP was the most reliable and sensitive for estimating @entity5 volume. A high level of serum WF6 reflects alteration of the extracellular matrix component of @entity5 . Both serum biomarkers can be expected to be further explored for use in specific clinical monitoring.

title: Relationships between serum biomarker levels and clinical presentation of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcomas']


abstract: PURPOSE:: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of UV-A/ @entity8728 collagen cross-linking (CXL) on moderate @entity3283 . METHODS:: Thirty-two @entity1 with moderate @entity1036 were selected. All @entity1 were treated according to the standard medical treatment protocol. The @entity1 were randomly allocated to 2 groups: case and control groups of 16 @entity1 each using a numerical randomization table. The case group received CXL treatment. In the CLX group, corneal epithelium was removed and 0.1% @entity8728 drops were applied. Then the corneas were irradiated with UV-A (365 nm) with an irradiance of 3 mW/cm for 30 minutes. The grade of @entity1066 , size of epithelial defects, and area of infiltrates were recorded on days 1, 7, and 14 of treatment. RESULTS:: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups 1 day after the treatment. The mean treatment duration was 17.2    4.1 days in the CXL group and 24.7    5.5 days in the control group. The epithelial defects were smaller in the CXL group at 7 days (P = 0.001) and 14 days (P = 0.001) after the beginning of treatment. The area of infiltrates in CXL group was smaller than the control group at both 7 days (P = 0.001) and 14 days (P < 0.001) after the start of treatment. CONCLUSIONS:: Our results support the beneficial effect of CXL in @entity1 with moderate @entity1036 . In addition to accelerating epithelialization, this method shortens the course of treatment and may minimize or remove the need for surgery or other serious sequelae, such as @entity1035 .

title: Ultraviolet A/ XXXX Collagen Cross-Linking for Treatment of Moderate @entity3283 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial keratitis']

entities_list: @entity1035 :: ('MESH:D057112', 'Disease') :: ['corneal perforation']

entities_list: @entity3283 :: ('MESH:D003320', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial corneal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity8728 :: ('MESH:D012256', 'Chemical') :: ['riboflavin']

answer: @entity8728 :: (MESH:D012256,Chemical) :: ['Riboflavin']


abstract: It is well known that @entity1 with @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) are at considerable risk of developing extracolonic manifestations of the disease. Particularly, @entity5 of the abdominal cavity, and duodenal @entity652 and @entity189 are the most serious ones. It is estimated that some 10% of the @entity1412 @entity1 will develop desmoids, whereas 50-90% of the @entity1412 @entity1 will get duodenal @entity652 predominantly concentrated on or around the major papilla. @entity5 and @entity189 are major causes of @entity204 in those @entity1 in whom a prophylactic (procto)colectomy has been performed. @entity765 are histologically benign @entity5 , composed of mature fibroblasts. They usually grow slowly but they can become quite large and may compress or infiltrate surrounding viscera, which might cause significant morbidity as well as mortality. Successful treatment of these @entity5 is extremely difficult as surgical therapy often requires the removal of considerable lengths of small bowel. Moreover, surgical therapy may lead to uncontrollable @entity548 and is seldom radical. Chemotherapy with cytoxic agents seems promising but so far the data are too few for firm conclusions to be drawn. The same holds true for drug regimens which interfere with the metabolic and hormonal metabolism of the @entity5 . Although various lines of evidence suggest that the @entity2513 sequence, which is generally accepted for @entity2513 , also applies for the duodenal @entity652 in @entity1412 @entity1 , it is not clear whether we should screen these @entity1 for @entity344 or not. As these @entity1127 are usually small, sessile, multiple and difficult to remove, the benefit of endoscopic surveillance would be the early detection of @entity5 rather than eradication of the @entity1127 . In addition, evidence that screening and early treatment leads to improvement of the prognosis is not available. Although the role of (procto)colectomy in the treatment of large-bowel @entity1127 is well established in @entity1412 @entity1 , the treatment of their duodenal counterparts is still open for debate. The risk of the development of @entity5 is not high enough to warrant an aggressive prophylactic surgical approach, i.e. a Whipple's procedure, immediately after the discovery of duodenal @entity652 . The considerable morbidity and mortality rates of this procedure must be weighted against a putative benefit of screening.

title: Extracolonic manifestations of @entity1412 : XXXX , and @entity344 and @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Desmoid tumours', 'periampullary cancer', 'desmoid tumours', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['Desmoids']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'FAP']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'duodenal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas', 'adenoma-carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['desmoid tumours']


abstract: Traditional gene knock-out approaches using homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells are routinely used to provide functional information about genes involved in reproduction. In the present study, we examined a novel approach using @entity330 ( @entity331 ) together with a balancer chromosome mating strategy to identify new loci with functional roles in male fertility. Our genetic strategy is a forward-genetic approach; thus, our phenotypic investigation begins with the discovery of an abnormal phenotype without previous knowledge of the mutant locus. We isolated eight recessive mutations on chromosome 11 that resulted in male or female infertility from a screen of 184 founder pedigrees from ENU-treated males. After testing the six male @entity249 and two female @entity249 mutations for their ability to complement, we found that three independent recessive male @entity249 mutations failed to complement each other. The @entity4810 was associated with reduced epididymal sperm count, a block in late-spermatid differentiation, and increased apoptosis. Furthermore, the three male @entity249 mutants had severe defects in epididymal sperm morphology associated with incorrect microtubule assembly. Electron microscopy revealed unique defects in sperm head and tail morphology for each of the three alleles. One allele had an abnormal manchette assembly of the sperm head. The other two alleles had different abnormalities in the 9+2 patterning of the microtubules in the sperm tail axoneme, with one containing only five of the microtubule doublets and the other containing an extra doublet. The isolation of this allelic series identifies a new locus on @entity19 chromosome 11 that is required for spermiogenesis and male fertility.

title: Mutations in a novel locus on XXXX chromosome 11 resulting in @entity4810 associated with defects in microtubule assembly and sperm tail function.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertile']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity330 :: ('MESH:D005038', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: It remains unclear whether different types of shift work impose similar risks for cardiovascular events in middle-aged workers, especially those with pre-existing @entity299 ( @entity299 ). This study investigated the relations between different shift types and incident @entity583 ( @entity583 ) among @entity1 with and without pre-existing @entity299 , respectively. METHODS: We analysed data on 1891 @entity1 , aged 42-60   years at baseline, in the prospective Kuopio @entity741 Risk Factor Study cohort, using Cox proportional hazard models with adjustment for demographic, biological, behavioural and psychosocial job factors. We evaluated the associations of baseline shift work with 20-year incidence of @entity583 , and their modification by pre-existing @entity299 , using both stratified analysis and models with product terms between shift work and @entity299 . RESULTS: Travelling work (at least 3 nights per week away from home) was strongly positively associated with @entity583 among @entity1 with @entity299 (HR=2.45, 95% CI 1. 08 to 5.59) but not among @entity1 without (HR=0.93, 95% CI 0.43 to 2.00). No clear associations were found between other types of shift work and @entity583 for both @entity1 with and without @entity299 . On both additive and multiplicative scales, baseline @entity299 status positively modified the association of travelling work with @entity583 (relative excess risk for interaction=3.23, 95% CI -0.50 to 6.97, p for multiplicative interaction=0.044). CONCLUSIONS: We found mixed results for the associations between different types of shift work and @entity583 among those with and without pre-existing @entity299 . Future research should investigate these associations and effect modification for a broad spectrum of work schedules.

title: Shift work and 20-year incidence of XXXX : results from the Kuopio @entity741 Risk Factor Study.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic Heart Disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease', 'IHD']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: The @entity855 -binding cassette half-transporters @entity34737 and @entity34738 promote the secretion of neutral @entity3150 into bile. Studies have demonstrated the diet-induced expression of these transporters in liver, but precisely where this occurs remains to be elucidated. This study investigated the changes in the expression of these transporters in bile canaliculi in @entity165 -loaded livers. @entity19 were fed either a standard (SD) diet or a high-fat and high- @entity969 (HF/HS) diet for 3 weeks. Bile canaliculi proteins and cryosections were prepared from the liver, and the protein levels and distribution of @entity34737 / @entity34738 were determined. The high-calorie diet induced a marked accumulation of lipids in @entity19 liver. Protein levels of @entity34737 and @entity34738 in bile canaliculi were significantly increased by the HF/HS diet compared to the SD diet. No significant differences in @entity23711 , @entity60029 ( @entity60029 ), @entity49657 ( @entity49657 ), or @entity49659 ( @entity49659 ) levels were observed. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed that these increases occurred in bile canaliculi. These results suggest that diet-induced lipid loading of the liver causes a significant increase in the expression of @entity34737 and @entity34738 in bile canaliculi.

title: Diet-induced lipid accumulation in liver enhances XXXX -binding cassette transporter g5/g8 expression in bile canaliculi.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (TME) has proven to be feasible and safe. However, it represents a major technical challenge, since it involves the dissection of the rectum in a confined space such as the bony pelvis using un-ergonomic surgical devices. This difficulty is accentuated in @entity1 with @entity5 and high body mass index (BMI), in which the surgical margins and the hypogastric nerves may be affected. Therefore, robotic surgery aims to overcome these limitations that conspire against the mininvasive surgical approach of @entity5 . We present an @entity28 (BMI = 32 kg/m2) 82-year-old @entity1 with a history of smoking and @entity263 that was recently diagnosed with a @entity420 at 9 cm from the anal verge. Rectal examination evidenced a @entity66 . Computed tomography scan ruled out metastases and at the local staging by MRI, the @entity5 was considered as T3-N0 with free circumferential margins. Surgical treatment was decided and a hybrid technique was used combining an initial laparoscopic approach followed by the robotic TME. The @entity1 had a full recovery and was discharged three days after surgery without complications. Pathological examination revealed a low-grade @entity420 with @entity3 , free circumferential and distal margins, and 24 negative lymph nodes (pT3-pN0-pM0/Stage II). Robotic TME was performed safely in an @entity28 @entity1 . It facilitated dissection maneuvers in a confined space with proper identification and preservation of the hypogastric nerves, allowing retrieving an intact mesorectum. Prospective randomized trials will define the role of this new technology.

title: [Robotic total mesorectal excision for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mobile lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'distal tumors', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['mesorectal invasion']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma', 'middle rectal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the site and prevalence of oral lesions and the age and gender of a paediatric population in @entity233 . DESIGN: A review of the archives of pathology departments. SETTINGS: Six pathology departments in Ankara, @entity233 . METHODS: This study presents the findings of 472 oral biopsies from @entity1 , up to 15 years of age, received over an eight-year period. The cases represent 5.5 per cent of the total number of reports examined (8,532). The data were revised and compiled for diagnosis site, age and sex. The @entity1 were divided into three age groups according to dentition periods: primary dentition 0-5 years (Group 1), mixed dentition 6-12 years (Group 2), and permanent dentition 13-15 years (Group 3). The lesions were categorised into five major groups as: 1) reactive and inflammatory lesions 2) neoplastic lesions 3) @entity5409 4) non-neoplastic lesions 5) dermatologic lesions. RESULTS: Inflammatory and reactive lesions formed the largest group of diagnoses (49 per cent) followed by @entity5 (36 per cent) and @entity5409 (12 per cent). Approximately 60 per cent of the biopsies were from the second group @entity1 with an almost equal distribution among sexes. The predominant site of the biopsies was gingiva (28 per cent) followed by lips (19.2 per cent). CONCLUSION: The majority (49 per cent) of the lesions were in the category of reactive and inflammatory lesions with most occurring in the second age group (6-12 years) that represents mixed dentition. The results of the study suggest that the difficulties in maintaining oral hygiene or the presence of @entity130 may be the primary factor in @entity3137 occurring in the mixed dentition period.

title: A review of paediatric oral biopsies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal lesions']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: Forty-four @entity1 aged between 12 and 64 years comprising 16 @entity99 (group 1); 12 @entity82 (group 2); 16 primary @entity157 (group 3) and 18 normal controls were studied. In @entity99 , plasma total @entity165 and total @entity165 /phospholipid ratio were significantly reduced, while the changes in red cell @entity165 and phospholipid and plasma phospholipid were not. The blood @entity413 was significantly reduced. The plasma total @entity165 /phospholipid ratio was positively correlated with the plasma total @entity648 . In @entity82 @entity1 , red cell total @entity165 and ratio to phospholipid were significantly increased and the plasma @entity165 reduced with no significant changes in red cell and plasma phospholipids. The plasma total @entity165 /phospholipid ratio was reduced while the corresponding ratio in red cells was increased. Both total @entity165 and the ratio to phospholipid in red cells were negatively correlated with albumin and positively correlated with the plasma total @entity648 . In primary @entity157 , the plasma and red @entity165 and their ratio in the red cell were significantly increased while the ratio in plasma was not. The serum albumin levels were reduced while the liver enzymes and total @entity648 were raised in all @entity1 groups. Our results suggest a possible relationship between liver function and @entity165 deposition in red cells in @entity409 .

title: Erythrocyte and plasma lipids in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['liver cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver diseases']


abstract: Abstract The purpose of this study was to prepare and characterize the complexes between @entity6108 (CU) @entity2434 (PC) and hydrogenated soya @entity2434 (HSPC) and to evaluate their anticancer activity. These CU-PC and CU-HSPC complexes (CU-PC-C and CU-HSPC-C) were evaluated for various physical parameters like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, melting point, solubility, scanning electron microscopy and the in vitro drug release study. These data confirmed the formation of phospholipids complexes. The in vitro @entity2142 study showed that the complex was non-hemolytic. The anti- @entity5 potential of the complexes was demonstrated by @entity2454 assay in MCF-7 cell line. This increase may be due to the amphiphilic nature of the complexes, which significantly enhances the water and lipid solubility of the CU. Unlike the free CU (which showed a total of only 90% drug release at the end of 8   h), complex showed around 40-60% release at the end of 8   h in dissolution studies. It showed that (when given in equimolar doses) complexes have significantly decreased the amount of CU available for absorption as compared with CU-free drug. Both CU-PC-C and CU-HSPC-C were found to be non-toxic at the dose equivalent to 2000   mg/kg of body weight of CU in the @entity137 study. Acute and subacute @entity137 studies confirmed the oral safety of the formulation. A series of genotoxicity studies was conducted, which revealed the non-genotoxicity potential of the developed complexes. Thus, it can be concluded that the phospholipid complexes of CU may be a promising candidate in @entity5 therapy.

title: Development, characterization and toxicological evaluations of phospholipids complexes of XXXX for effective drug delivery in @entity5 chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity6108 :: ('MESH:D003474', 'Chemical') :: ['curcumin']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity6108 :: (MESH:D003474,Chemical) :: ['curcumin']


abstract: This study aimed at investigating @entity6375 alone or @entity6375 in combination with @entity375 or @entity7878 during a subacute @entity520 (SARA) challenge. Four ruminally fistulated Holstein dairy @entity291 were assigned to the following treatments in a 4*4 Latin square design: (1) control (CON); (2) @entity6375 (EF); (3) EF + @entity375 (EFSC); (4) EF + @entity7878 DSM 11037 (EFLL). Each experimental period consisted of 18 d of adaptation to the respective direct-fed microbial, 3 d of SARA challenge, and 7d of rest. Rumen pH was recorded every 10 min over 24 h on d 17 of adaptation, d 2 of SARA, and d 6 of rest. On the last day of adaptation, SARA, and rest, samples of rumen content (0 and 3 h after feeding) were taken for volatile @entity1718 , @entity880 , @entity2186 , rumen microbes, and lipopolysaccharides determination. Blood samples (0 and 6 h after feeding) were taken for the measurement of acute-phase proteins. Dry matter intake and milk yield were recorded daily. During SARA, mean rumen pH with EFSC (5.94) was not different from that of EFLL (5.95) and tended to be higher than with CON (5.82) or EF (5.82). Postfeeding @entity2186 concentrations in the rumen were greater with EFSC (134.5ng/g) than with EF (99.6ng/g) and tended to be greater when compared with CON (101.2ng/g) or EFLL (104.9ng/g). During rest, prefeed @entity2186 was greater with EFSC (166.5ng/g) compared with CON (132.3ng/g). The EFSC treatment did better than EF alone on pH characteristics during adaptation and SARA and on maintenance of ruminal @entity2186 status during SARA. Milk yield drop from d 1 to 3 of SARA was smaller with EFSC (-0.8kg/d), EF (-0.9kg/d), or EFLL (-0.9kg/d) compared with CON (-7.5kg/d).

title: Efficacy of the direct-fed microbial XXXX alone or in combination with @entity375 or @entity7878 during induced subacute @entity520 .

entities_list: @entity7878 :: ('1358', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis', 'L. lactis']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['ruminal acidosis']

entities_list: @entity6375 :: ('1352', 'Species') :: ['E. faecium', 'Enterococcus faecium']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity6375 :: (1352,Species) :: ['Enterococcus faecium']


abstract: Many aspects of the use of high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging in the examination of @entity2657 have not been fully explored. These include the quantitation of @entity4 fluid, the ability to distinguish between various types of @entity4 , and the extent to which tissue changes other than a change in water content can affect NMR relaxation times. The authors have compared NMR relaxation times obtained by both in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and in vitro NMR spectroscopy of brain-tissue samples from young adult @entity35 with cold lesions, fluid-percussion injury, @entity63 , @entity1779 , and @entity5 . Changes in relaxation times were compared with changes in brain water content, cerebral blood volume, and the results of histological examination. In general, both in vivo and in vitro longitudinal relaxation times (T1) and transverse relaxation times (T2) were prolonged in the injured hemispheres of all experimental groups. Water content of tissue from the injured hemispheres was increased in all groups. A linear correlation between T2 (but not T1) and water content was found. Changes in the values of T1 and T2 could be used to distinguish @entity5 from cold-injured tissue. Cerebral blood volume was reduced in the injured hemispheres and correlated inversely with prolongation of T1 and T2. The results of this study suggest that, in a clinical setting, prolongation of T2 is a better indicator of increased water content than prolongation of T1, yet quantitation of @entity2657 based solely upon prolongation of in vivo or in vitro T1 and T2 should be undertaken with caution.

title: Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in experimental @entity2657 in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema', 'brain edema']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cerebral tumor']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial cerebritis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1 induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPSC-MSCs) are a promising choice of @entity1 -specific stem cells with superior capability of cell expansion. There has been no report on @entity1841 ( @entity1841 ) gene modification of iPSC-MSCs for bone tissue engineering. The objectives of this study were to: (1) genetically modify iPSC-MSCs for @entity1841 delivery; and (2) to seed @entity1841 gene-modified iPSC-MSCs on @entity78 cement (CPC) immobilized with RGD for bone tissue engineering. iPSC-MSCs were infected with green fluorescence protein (GFP-iPSC-MSCs), or @entity1841 lentivirus ( @entity1841 -iPSC-MSCs). High levels of GFP expression were detected and more than 68% of GFP-iPSC-MSCs were GFP positive. @entity1841 -iPSC-MSCs expressed higher @entity1841 levels than iPSC-MSCs in quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA assays (p < 0.05). @entity1841 -iPSC-MSCs did not compromise growth kinetics and cell cycle stages compared to iPSC-MSCs. After 14 d in osteogenic medium, ALP activity of @entity1841 -iPSC-MSCs was 1.8 times that of iPSC-MSCs (p < 0.05), indicating that @entity1841 gene transduction of iPSC-MSCs enhanced osteogenic differentiation. @entity1841 -iPSC-MSCs were seeded on CPC scaffold biofunctionalized with RGD (RGD-CPC). @entity1841 -iPSC-MSCs attached well on RGD-CPC. At 14 d, @entity13239 expression of @entity1841 -iPSC-MSCs was 1.9 times that of iPSC-MSCs. OC expression of @entity1841 -iPSC-MSCs was 2.3 times that of iPSC-MSCs. Bone matrix mineralization by @entity1841 -iPSC-MSCs was 1.8 times that of iPSC-MSCs at 21 d. In conclusion, iPSC-MSCs seeded on CPC were suitable for bone tissue engineering. @entity1841 gene-modified iPSC-MSCs on RGD-CPC underwent osteogenic differentiation, and the overexpression of @entity1841 in iPSC-MSCs enhanced differentiation and bone mineral production on RGD-CPC. @entity1841 -iPSC-MSC seeding on RGD-CPC scaffold is promising to enhance bone regeneration efficacy.

title: Reprogramming of mesenchymal stem cells derived from iPSCs seeded on biofunctionalized XXXX scaffold for bone engineering.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['BMP2', 'bone morphogenic protein 2']

answer: @entity78 :: (MESH:C020243,Chemical) :: ['calcium phosphate']


abstract: @entity3217 Fungoides is a @entity784 having a broad clinical spectrum ranging from localized cutaneous to rapidly fatal @entity262 . Early clinical presentation is non specific, delaying correct diagnosis. Compared to clinical, the insurable spectrum is narrow. Staging for skin, @entity1600 and other organ manifestations is presented. Factors which influence mortality within each stage are elucidated. The survival curves of stages and stage groupings are illustrated and discussed to facilitate risk classification. Cutaneous (T) and @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) stages are the most important prognosticators. Substages @entity6493 , @entity16600 /LN2 without associated palpable @entity3018 , @entity1712 , visceral and blood positive findings are insurable. It would be most appropriate to place them in a @entity5 class of mild/moderate risk after the initial excessive mortality period ends. Higher T and @entity1600 substages, @entity66 have highly adverse mortality. These ultimately reveal a flattening of survival curves at 8-10 years. Although numerous treatment modalities have been used, none appear to consistently prolong life expectancy except in the earliest stage @entity272 .

title: XXXX fungoides--an underwriting prospective with emphasis on staging and risk selection.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity3018 :: ('MESH:D009377', 'Disease') :: ['adenopathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['adenopathy and visceral disease']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease']

answer: @entity3217 :: (MESH:D015821,Disease) :: ['Mycosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The propensity of @entity765 to develop in scars has led some surgeons to limit the complexity of desmoid defect reconstruction as a strategy for avoiding desmoid recurrence. We hypothesized that desmoid recurrence rates are similar despite the magnitude of reconstruction. STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively compared recurrence rates between @entity1 who underwent reconstruction and @entity1 who underwent primary closure without reconstruction after @entity765 resection in consecutive @entity1 for 15 years. Univariate and multivariate regression analyzed associations between @entity1 , @entity5 , and treatment characteristics and outcomes. RESULTS: We included 164 consecutive @entity1 (80 [49%] reconstructions vs 84 [51%] primary closures). Mean follow-up duration was 7.1    4.5 years. @entity1 who underwent reconstruction had more desmoids in an area of earlier @entity130 or surgery (p < 0.001), greater defect volume (p < 0.01), longer operative time (p < 0.001) and hospital stay (p < 0.001), and more @entity260 (p = 0.015) compared with the primary closure group. Despite these differences, desmoid recurrence rates were similar for the reconstruction and primary closure groups (30% and 29%, respectively; p = 0.7), as was mean time to @entity5 recurrence, and no @entity5 recurred within flap donor sites. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated the 45F mutation to be the only independent predictor of recurrence (hazard ratio = 1.87; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Rates of desmoid recurrence in resection defects are similar for primary closures and complex reconstructions. Therefore, surgeons should not limit the magnitude of reconstructions in an attempt to avoid @entity5 recurrence. However, given the propensity of desmoids to recur, reconstructions should allow for the possibility of future resections and reconstructions, particularly in @entity5 with 45F gene mutations.

title: Complex reconstruction of @entity765 resections does not increase XXXX recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['desmoid tumor', 'desmoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity765 :: (MESH:D018222,Disease) :: ['desmoid tumor']


abstract: AIM: @entity1 with @entity174 have a significantly increased risk of sustaining additional @entity174 . Therefore one should consider avoidance of further @entity174 as the primary treatment principle. Since orthopaedic surgeons manage most of @entity174 , but might not be well attuned to @entity170 itself, it was the aim of the Bone and Joint Decade (BJD) and the International @entity170 Foundation (IOF) to survey orthopaedic surgeons in order to assess their knowledge of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of @entity170 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The multinational survey questionnaire was developed by a working group of national project co-ordinators in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand and based to some extent on an American survey. Following translation into the national language it was distributed in 2002 to the members of the orthopaedic societies to assess the management of prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of @entity170 and @entity174 , comparing both different health-care systems and different working environments. 5 700 questionnaires were distributed in Germany with a 20 percent response rate. RESULTS: As the main result of the German survey -- independent of the working environment -- a substantial deficit concerning training and knowledge about the management of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of @entity170 and @entity174 was seen. In addition, the majority of @entity1 requested educational opportunities to become qualified for a better disease control. CONCLUSION: In order to satisfy the increasing need for adequate management of prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of @entity170 and @entity174 , structured educational opportunities have to be offered to the German orthopaedic community. In the mean time first steps have been initiated: training courses to qualify as "Osteologe DVO" and the " @entity62 ", which was initiated by BJD and IOF and developed by several German medical societies and @entity1 organisations it is based on the German DVO guidelines providing an evidence-based and structured overview concerning all relevant aspects of @entity170 and @entity174 .

title: [ XXXX --a neglected issue in orthopaedics? Results of a survey amongst German orthopaedic surgeons].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['White Book Osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fragility fractures']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence of medically unexplained @entity14696 in a @entity1 cohort and propose an interdisciplinary approach for their care. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: The study describes the population of @entity1 presenting consecutively at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at the Maastricht University Medical Center. @entity1 with symptoms who did not meet clear "medical" criteria and were associated with @entity458 and high health care utilization were enrolled in the study by two experienced otorhinolaryngologists following informed consent. The aim of the study is 1) to specify the presence of medically unexplained @entity14696 and 2) to evaluate the integration of otorhinolaryngological and @entity146 treatment in an interdisciplinary approach in order to help otorhinolaryngologists improve @entity1 care. RESULTS: Of the 102 @entity1 included, 41% (N   =   42) did not have a proven somatic otorhinolaryngological diagnosis. For only 10.8% (N   =   4) of the latter, no @entity146 diagnosis had been established. Overall, 78% of the study population (N   =   80) was diagnosed with @entity146 morbidity/comorbidity, as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fifth Edition. CONCLUSION: The preliminary data suggest that the majority of @entity1 with these unexplained complaints may suffer from under- or undiagnosed @entity146 morbidity. Therefore, easy access to integrated interdisciplinary care (otorhinolaryngology and psychiatry) should be offered to @entity1 with medically unexplained @entity14696 after detailed information is made available to them about the pathogenesis of the complaints and the foreseen psychosomatic approach. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2b. Laryngoscope, 2014.

title: Medically unexplained @entity14696 : Towards integrated XXXX care.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity14696 :: ('MESH:D010038', 'Disease') :: ['otorhinolaryngological symptoms']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) are produced by the burning and processing of fuel oils, and have been associated with oxidant stress, insulin resistance and @entity101 in adults. Few studies have examined whether adolescents are susceptible to cardiovascular effects of @entity2556 . OBJECTIVE: To study associations of @entity2556 exposure with blood pressure (BP) and @entity432 distensibility (BAD), an early marker of arterial wall stiffness, in young @entity1 attending three schools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in varying proximity to an oil refinery. METHODS: Air samples collected from the three schools were analyzed for @entity2556 . @entity2556 metabolites (total hydroxyphenanthrenes and @entity9434 ) were measured in urine samples from 184 adolescent males, in whom anthropometrics, heart rate, pulse pressure, @entity432 distensibility and blood pressure were measured. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed to assess relationships of school location and urinary @entity2556 metabolites with cardiovascular measures. RESULTS: Total suspended matter was significantly higher (444  143 g/m(3)) at the school near the refinery compared to a school located near a ring road (395  65 g/m(3)) and a school located away from vehicle traffic (232  137 g/m(3)), as were @entity2556 . Systolic (0.47 SD units, p=0.006) and diastolic (0.53 SD units, p<0.001) BP Z-scores were highest at the school near the refinery, with a 4.36-fold increase in @entity1556 (p=0.001), controlling for confounders. No differences in pulse pressure, BAD and heart rate were noted in relationship to school location. Urinary total hydroxyphenanthrenes and @entity9434 were not associated with cardiovascular outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Proximity to an oil refinery in Saudi Arabia is associated with @entity1556 and increases in @entity2556 and particulate matter exposures. Further study including insulin resistance measurements, better control for confounding, and longitudinal measurement is indicated.

title: @entity2555 , @entity432 distensibility and blood pressure among XXXX residing near an oil refinery.

entities_list: @entity9434 :: ('MESH:C033146', 'Chemical') :: ['1-hydroxypyrene']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['brachial artery']

entities_list: @entity1556 :: ('MESH:D058246', 'Disease') :: ['prehypertension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2543 ( @entity2543 ) is an uncommon @entity75 . The aetiology of the lesion is unknown. Histologically, it appears as a well-circumscribed myxomatous mass surrounded by denser, collagenous connective tissue. Most cases of @entity2543 were found in adults. It is very unusual for young @entity1 to have @entity2543 . CASE REPORT: A case of @entity2543 in a 2-year-old @entity1 is reported. The @entity1 was presented with non-painful @entity1283 on the palate. The overlying mucosa was smooth and not ulcerated and appeared in the same colour as the adjacent tissue. The histology of the lesion showed myxomatous mass indicative of @entity2543 . Treatment consisted of surgically removing the lesions under general anaesthetic. CONCLUSION: Paediatric dentists should consider @entity2543 in their differential diagnosis of soft tissue oral lesions in @entity1 .

title: Bilateral oral focal mucinosis on the palate of a 2-year-old XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['benign oral lesion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['OFM', 'Oral focal mucinosis']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral enlargements']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: Chronic exposure of pancreatic islet beta-cell lines to supraphysiologic @entity413 concentrations causes defects in insulin gene expression and insulin secretion. To determine whether these in vitro phenomena have pathophysiologic relevance in vivo, we studied the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity35 , an animal model of @entity164 2 @entity6 . The @entity6 animals had relatively higher levels of glycemia and islet insulin mRNA at 6 weeks of age than age-matched Zucker lean control (ZLC) @entity35 . As glycemia increased in 12- and 16-week-old @entity6 @entity35 , we observed decrements in @entity413 -induced insulin secretion during static incubations of pancreatic islets and in insulin mRNA levels, @entity25680 mRNA levels, and @entity25680 protein binding to the insulin promoter compared with age-matched ZLC @entity35 and 6-week-old @entity6 @entity35 . To determine whether normalization of blood @entity413 levels would prevent these defects, @entity6 @entity35 were treated with @entity4506 beginning at 6 weeks of age. @entity4506 prevented @entity6 @entity35 from becoming @entity1602 and preserved @entity413 -induced insulin responses. Furthermore, @entity4506 -treated @entity6 animals had greater levels of insulin and @entity25680 mRNAs compared with untreated @entity6 animals of the same ages at 12 and 16 weeks. Our results demonstrate that chronic and progressive @entity4854 resulting from @entity164 2 @entity6 in @entity6 @entity35 is associated with loss of insulin and @entity25680 mRNAs and loss of @entity413 -stimulated insulin secretion. Prevention of @entity4854 prevented the associated defects in insulin and @entity25680 gene expression and improved insulin secretion. These findings provide the first in vivo evidence that prevention of progressive @entity4854 in a model of @entity164 2 @entity6 preserves insulin and @entity25680 gene expression.

title: In vivo prevention of @entity4854 also prevents glucotoxic effects on XXXX and insulin gene expression.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Zucker diabetic fatty', 'ZDF', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4506 :: ('MESH:C057693', 'Chemical') :: ['troglitazone', 'Troglitazone']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity25680 :: (29535(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['PDX-1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) are commonly treated with a specific inhibitor of @entity1861 @entity4149 kinase, @entity2213 (IM). Unfortunately, @entity1860 @entity1 develop IM-resistance, which has emerged as a significant clinical problem. Somatic mutations, especially @entity28837 mutation, in @entity1861 kinase domain represent the most common mechanism underlying drug resistance to @entity4149 kinase inhibitors (TKI), including @entity2213 . Thus, it is urgent to develop novel therapeutic strategies to overcome TKI-resistance. The anti-rheumatic gold (I) compound @entity2044 (AF), was recently approved by US Food and Drug Administration for Phase II clinical trials to treat @entity1778 . In a recent study, we discovered that AF can selectively inhibit 19S proteasome-associated deubiquitinases ( @entity34988 and @entity34987 ), which mediates its anticancer effects. More recently studies we have shown that AF inhibits the growth of both @entity1861 wild-type cells and IM-resistant @entity1861 - @entity28837 mutation cells in vitro and in vivo. AF-induced @entity1861 down regulation is associated with diminished mRNA expression and caspase-dependent @entity1861 cleavage. More importantly, we unraveled that @entity137 is mediated by proteasome inhibition rather than previously suspected reactive @entity26 species (ROS) generation. These findings support that AF overcomes IM-resistance through Bcr/Abl-dependent and -independent mechanisms, identifying a potentially new strategy for @entity5 treatment.

title: Novel use of old drug: Anti-rheumatic agent @entity2044 overcomes @entity2213 -resistance of XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['AF cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2044 :: ('MESH:D001310', 'Chemical') :: ['Auranofin']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'imatinib mesylate']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']


abstract: Recommended surveillance for screening @entity0 , which includes regular mammography and clinical breast examination, has long been established in Western countries. This strategy may be too costly and unnecessary for countries with low incidences of @entity0 . The purpose of the present study is to compare breast mammography, sonography and physical examination in screening female relatives of @entity0 index cases from the hospital, and their relative efficiency. A total of 935 @entity1 over 35 years old, who were relatives of @entity0 @entity1 , were invited to an annual screening by means of a combination of mammography, sonography and physical examination on a single day. A biopsy was performed when any of the three investigations indicated a possibility of @entity5 . A total of 21 @entity0 , including sixteen invasive @entity5 and 5 noninvasive @entity5 , were detected among the 935 high-risk @entity1 . Of the @entity5 , 18, including 16 invasive @entity5 and 3 noninvasive @entity5 , were detected by sonography. In contrast, only 11 invasive @entity5 were detected by mammography, and 7 by physical examination. There were only 14 @entity5 detected by a combination of mammography and physical examination. The 7 (33.3%) additional @entity5 were detected when sonography was added. The sensitivity of sonography was 90.4%, which was higher than mammography (52.4%) and physical examination (33.3%), or even a combination of these two modalities (66.7%). This indicates that sonography is a more accurate screening tool for @entity0 in the high-risk group. Although breast sonography has not yet been recommended as a routine screening tool for @entity0 in Western countries, it may be superior to mammography and physical examination for the screening of Taiwanese high-risk female relatives of @entity0 index cases. If it should also be considered as a routine adjunct screening modality for Taiwanese @entity1 with lower rates of @entity0 will need further study.

title: Comparison of breast mammography, sonography and physical examination for screening XXXX at high risk of @entity0 in taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated the risk of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) among @entity101 @entity1 initiating @entity1405 therapy vs other beta-blocker (BB) therapy in a clinical practice setting. METHODS: @entity1 aged >= 18 years with >= 1 pharmacy claim for a BB of interest ( @entity1405 immediate-release [IR]/controlled-release [CR], @entity2165 , @entity12404 , or @entity1406 ) were identified in the IMS LifeLink Health Plan Claims Database. Index date was the first chronologically occurring prescription for any BB during the enrollment period (July 1, 2000-December 31, 2007). @entity1 had to be continuously eligible to receive healthcare services 6 months prior to and a minimum of 3 months after index date and have >= 1 diagnostic code for @entity101 (ICD-9-CM: 401.xx-405.xx) during this time frame. @entity1 were excluded for having a diagnosis of @entity6 (ICD-9-CM: 250.xx) and/or prescription for antidiabetic therapy in the 6 months prior to and/or 3 months after index date. Eligible @entity1 were propensity-score matched in a 1:3 ratio ( @entity1405   :   other BBs). Mean duration of follow-up was 12.8 and 14.8 months for the @entity1405 group and other BB group, respectively. Primary outcome of interest was presence and timing of @entity6 . RESULTS: Among 3084 @entity1 in the @entity1405 group and 9252 in the other BB group, mean age was 56 years, with 54% male. @entity6 rate was 3.16 per 100 @entity1 -years for @entity1405 @entity1 vs 3.36 for @entity1 in the other BB group (NS). Risk of @entity6 was similar between groups (HR 0.971, 95% CI: 0.78, 1.21; P   =   0.792). CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest the risk of @entity6 among @entity101 @entity1 is similar between @entity1405 and other BB agents (i.e., @entity2165 , @entity12404 , or @entity1406 tartrate). LIMITATIONS: The use of administrative claims data and relatively short follow-up period may limit the generalizability of results.

title: Risk of @entity6 mellitus associated with beta-blocker treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['new-onset diabetes', 'NOD', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1405 :: ('MESH:C043211', 'Chemical') :: ['carvedilol']

entities_list: @entity12404 :: ('MESH:C402833', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol succinate']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol tartrate', 'metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']