abstract: @entity3013 ( @entity3013 ) is thought to be present in large amounts in legume seeds; however, it has never been quantified in healthy @entity1 . @entity3013 from cooked (atmospheric pressure) white beans was quantified in @entity1 and @entity1707 , and characterized to explain its low digestibility. Six @entity1 volunteers were intubated to collect ileal digesta after an experimental meal composed of orange juice, butter and 167 g beans (dry matter basis). The reliability of the intubation method was examined in a @entity1707 study in which it was compared with another collection method, ileal cannulation. Chemical analyses, microscopy and size exclusion chromatography were performed on @entity1 and @entity1707 digesta. The @entity1707 study showed that the intubation method may underestimate the quantity of @entity3013 . However, no chemical/physical difference was observed between the @entity3013 collected by the two techniques. In the @entity1 study, 16.5 +/- 1.3% (11.3 g) of the ingested starch was recovered as @entity3013 . The microscopy of the digesta showed that part of the @entity3013 was enclosed in the cell walls. Although the @entity3013 was composed mainly of alpha-glucan molecules with a degree of polymerization (DP) 40 to 60, oligosaccharides and large molecules of DP > 400 were also present. Retrogradation was not found to be the main factor responsible for @entity8884 . We conclude that white beans may contain a large amount of @entity3013 formed mainly by partially degraded molecules protected by the cell walls during their transit through the gut.

title: Digestion of carbohydrate from white beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity8884 :: ('MESH:D008286', 'Disease') :: ['starch malabsorption']

entities_list: @entity3013 :: ('MESH:D060467', 'Disease') :: ['RS', 'Resistant starch']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: @entity842 (NO) is a free radical which has important effects on bone cell function. The endothelial isoform of @entity842 synthase (eNOS) is widely expressed in bone on a constitutive basis, whereas inducible NOS is only expressed in response to inflammatory stimuli. It is currently unclear whether neuronal NOS is expressed by bone cells. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and @entity310 cause activation of the @entity3623 pathway in bone cells and NO derived from this pathway potentiates cytokine and @entity32 induced @entity604 . These actions of NO are relevant to the pathogenesis of @entity170 in @entity32 such as @entity309 , which are characterized by increased NO production and cytokine activation. @entity379 is a particularly potent stimulator of NO production when combined with other cytokines, causing very high concentrations of NO to be produced. These high levels of NO inhibit bone resorption and formation and may act to suppress bone turnover in severe @entity32 . The eNOS isoform seems to play a key role in regulating osteoblast activity and bone formation since eNOS knockout @entity19 have @entity170 due to defective bone formation. Other studies have indicated that the NO derived from the eNOS pathway acts as a mediator of the effects of @entity2931 in bone. eNOS also mediates the effects of mechanical loading on the skeleton where it acts along with @entity2918 , to promote bone formation and suppress bone resorption. Pharmacological NO donors have been shown to increase bone mass in experimental animals and preliminary evidence suggests that these agents may also influence bone turnover in @entity1 . These data indicate that the @entity534 /NO pathway represents a novel target for therapeutic intervention in the prevention and treatment of @entity79 .

title: XXXX and bone.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory diseases', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone diseases']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['Interferon gamma']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric oxide']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study randomized by @entity1 choice from the private practice of a single physician affiliated with a major teaching hospital was conducted. OBJECTIVES: To compare transforaminal epidural @entity134 injections with saline trigger-point injections used in the treatment of @entity614 secondary to a herniated nucleus pulposus. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Epidural @entity134 injections have been used for more than half a century in the management of @entity158 . At this writing, however, there have been no controlled prospective trials of transforaminal epidural @entity134 injections in the treatment of @entity614 secondary to a herniated nucleus pulposus. METHODS: Randomized by @entity1 choice, @entity1 received either a transforaminal epidural @entity134 injection or a saline trigger-point injection. Treatment outcome was measured using a @entity1 satisfaction scale with choice options of 0 (poor), 1 (fair), 2 (good), 3 (very good), and 4 (excellent); a @entity1643 questionnaire that showed improvement by an increase in score; a measurement of finger-to-floor distance with the @entity1 in fully tolerated hip flexion; and a visual numeric @entity158 scale ranging from 0 to 10. A successful outcome required a @entity1 satisfaction score of 2 (good) or 3 (very good), improvement on the Roland-Morris score of 5 or more, and @entity158 reduction greater than 50% at least 1 year after treatment. The final analysis included 48 @entity1 with an average follow-up period of 16 months (range, 12-21 months). RESULTS: After an average follow-up period of 1.4 years, the group receiving transforaminal epidural @entity134 injections had a success rate of 84%, as compared with 48% for the group receiving trigger-point injections (P < 0.005). CONCLUSION: Fluoroscopically guided transforaminal injections serve as an important tool in the nonsurgical management of @entity614 secondary to a herniated nucleus pulposus.

title: Transforaminal epidural XXXX injections in @entity614 : a prospective randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['Roland-Morris low back pain']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral radicular pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral radiculopathy', 'lumbar radiculopathy']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To increase the awareness among at risk relatives of the availability of genetic testing for a @entity74 while respecting their autonomy and privacy. METHODS: This was a comparison of preintervention and postintervention cohorts of families carried out in a state wide clinical service providing genetic counselling and testing for @entity1 at risk of familial adult onset @entity5 . Unaffected relatives who were not clients of the service in 74 kindreds with familial mutations causing @entity5344 , @entity14 , or @entity1050 were included in the study. In the baseline cohort (41 kindreds), family members who were clients of the clinical service and had been shown to be carriers of mutations were asked to advise relatives that genetic testing was available. In the intervention cohort (33 kindreds), the clinical service obtained consent to advise at risk relatives by letter that genetic testing was available. The main outcome measures were: (a) proportion of unaffected first and second degree relatives of the proband in each family whose genetic status was clarified within 2 years of the mutation being identified in the family, and (b) concerns regarding privacy and autonomy voiced by relatives receiving these letters. RESULTS: In the baseline cohort, the average proportion of relatives in each family whose genetic status was clarified was 23%. In the intervention cohort, the average proportion of relatives in each family whose genetic status was clarified was 40% (p = 0.001). None of the relatives in the intervention cohort complained of a breach of privacy or autonomy. CONCLUSION: Clinical services can take an effective and proactive approach to notifying relatives who are not their clients of the availability of genetic testing without compromising principles of privacy and autonomy.

title: Letting the family know: balancing ethics and effectiveness when notifying relatives about genetic testing for a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['familial breast and ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1050 :: ('MESH:D006223', 'Disease') :: ['Cowden syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['familial disorder']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['familial disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Heart transplantation currently provides the most effective treatment for advanced @entity712 . However, medical therapy for this condition has also improved, heart donors are scarce and the cost of the procedure is high. Therefore the indications and management of these @entity1 need reevaluation. AIM: To analyze the results of 24 @entity1 submitted to heart transplantation for end-stage @entity712 needing repeated hospitalizations and i.v. inotropes for compensation. @entity1 AND METHODS: The group was comprised by 21 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 with a mean age of 36.8 years, mean left ventricular ejection fraction 19 +/- 4.5%, mean systolic pulmonary artery pressure 48 +/- 13 mmHg (24-70) and mean pulmonary vascular resistance 2.6 Wood Units (1-5). Fourteen @entity1 (58%) had a previous median sternotomy. Immunosuppression did not include induction therapy and @entity230 were discontinued early. RESULTS: Operative mortality was 4% at 30 days. Actuarial survival at one year was 90% and at 5 years 72%. Freedom from rejection at one year was 76% and at 5 years 50%. Freedom from infection was 70% at one year and 56.5% at five years. All @entity1 with more than 3 months of follow-up were in functional class I. CONCLUSIONS: These results justify the proposed modifications for transplantation protocols.

title: [Treatment of advanced XXXX by heart transplantation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: Three cases of @entity6477 without @entity542 , but associated with @entity548 from cortical artery are described. Case 1: a 74-year-old male had @entity10 during a @entity565 followed by @entity1662 . He was deeply comatose on admission, and CT scans revealed a huge subdural @entity1410 . Evacuation of the large @entity1410 revealed a spurting cortical branch of the middle cerebral artery beneath it. Case 2: Four days before admission, a 69-year-old male developed @entity10 during a fit of coughing. His CT scans on admission showed a thin subdural @entity1410 . Because it was increasing in volume, the @entity1410 was removed surgically. A spurting cortical branch of the middle cerebral artery was seen on the surface of the temporal lobe. Case 3: a 80-year-old male, who had had an operation for @entity169 under spinal anesthesia ten days before, suffered a @entity10 just after he stood up. CT scans revealed @entity3439 . As the clot was being removed a spurting artery was seen in the Sylvian region. In a review of 116 surgical cases of @entity6477 at our institute, the incidence of @entity6477 was 2.6%. The etiology of nontraumatic @entity1410 is a matter of controversy. Our three cases suggested that the etiology might be the rupture of a cortical artery at the site of adhesion with the dura mater. This would predispose the artery to tearing with minor @entity130 . @entity1410 evacuation by craniotomy and treatment of the ruptured cortical artery were necessary for favorable outcome.

title: [Acute XXXX of arterial origin: report of three cases].

entities_list: @entity3439 :: ('MESH:D006408', 'Disease') :: ['a thick subdural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma attack']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['Hematoma', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity6477 :: ('MESH:D020199', 'Disease') :: ['acute spontaneous subdural hemorrhage', 'acute subdural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['deterioration of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['sudden headache', 'headache']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['subdural hemorrhage']


abstract: Plasma @entity3691 concentrations increase prior to and at parturition, resulting in increased @entity844 uptake by the liver, @entity844 esterification, and @entity412 storage. Liver @entity412 concentration increases four- to fivefold between d 17 prior to calving and d 1 following calving. Increases in liver @entity412 following calving do not appear to be dramatic. @entity1560 1 d postpartum is correlated negatively with feed intake 1 d prepartum. Export of newly synthesized @entity412 as very low density lipoprotein occurs slowly in ruminants and is a major factor in the development of @entity1560 . Nutritional strategies to minimize the elevation in plasma NEFA prior to calving results in lower liver @entity412 at calving. @entity1560 probably precedes clinical spontaneous @entity1270 . Liver @entity412 to glycogen ratio may be used to predict susceptibility of @entity291 to @entity1270 . Consequently, strategies to reduce liver @entity412 at calving may decrease incidence of @entity1270 . Research to determine methods to reduce @entity844 delivery to the liver or to enhance hepatic export of very low density lipoprotein near calving is warranted. Identification of the cause for the slow rate of assembly and secretion of hepatic very low density lipoprotein in ruminants will be required to assess the feasibility of increasing export of very low density lipoprotein.

title: Etiology of lipid-related metabolic disorders in periparturient dairy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['Severity of fatty liver', 'Fatty liver', 'fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: This study attempts to determine if the neurons in the @entity840 inferior colliculus that project to the cochlear nucleus could use certain @entity535 transmitters. The left inferior colliculus was ablated surgically to destroy projections descending to the cochlear nuclei. Nissl and @entity575 stained sections of the brain stem indicated that this procedure destroyed most of the left inferior colliculus, but spared a small amount of collicular tissue ventrally and rostrally. Six to seven days after the ablation, degenerated fibers were present in the right inferior colliculus, in the left lateral lemniscus, and in the cochlear nucleus, bilaterally. Three to five days after the ablation, the uptake and electrically-evoked release of exogenous, radiolabeled @entity35966 , @entity11224 , and @entity2228 were measured in the three major subdivisions of the cochlear nucleus, the anteroventral, posteroventral, and dorsal divisions. These activities were compared to those in unlesioned controls. The ablation did not alter the uptake and release of the @entity1522 in the dorsal and posteroventral divisions of the cochlear nucleus. However, it lowered slightly (by 10-18%) the uptake and release of @entity11224 and @entity2228 in the anteroventral division, although the difference from the control group was not statistically significant. These findings suggest that most of the neurons in the inferior colliculus that project to the cochlear nucleus probably do not use @entity2227 , @entity492 , @entity11224 , or @entity2228 as a transmitter. However, the possibility remains that a small proportion of the collicular projections to the anteroventral cochlear nucleus might use @entity11224 or @entity2228 as a transmitter.

title: @entity535 uptake and release in the XXXX cochlear nucleus after inferior colliculus ablation.

entities_list: @entity11224 :: ('CHEBI:30566', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyrate']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity35966 :: ('CHEBI:29994', 'Chemical') :: ['D-aspartate']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1363 has been shown to have an analgesic effect by single shot epidural administration. In this study, the effect of @entity1363 on continuous epidural infusion of @entity1341 was investigated to find a better combination for postoperative @entity1337 . METHODS: Sixty @entity1 scheduled for gastrectomy were divided into three groups of 20. The following mixtures, in 40 ml, were infused continuously over 12 hr after surgery; 40 ml @entity1341 0.5% in Group C, @entity1341 0.5% 38 ml + 10 mg @entity1363 in Group M10, and @entity1341 0.5% 36 ml + 20 mg @entity1363 in Group M20. If necessary, 50 mg @entity3352 suppository was administered. Blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, @entity1337 score, and sedation score were monitored for 12 hr after surgery. @entity2730 and frequency of the administration of @entity3352 suppository were also noted. RESULTS: Blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate showed no differences among the groups. Greater sedation was seen in Groups M10 and M20 compared with Group C during first 120 min (P < 0.05). The number of @entity1 with memory was larger in Group C (18) than in Group M10 (10, P = 0.006) and Group M20 (6, P < 0.001). Better @entity1337 was obtained in @entity1 receiving @entity1363 than in Group C (P < 0.05). The frequency of the @entity3352 administration was 2.0 +/- 1.1 (SD) in Group C, which was larger than in Group M10 (1.1 +/- 0.9, P = 0.035) and Group M20 (1.2 +/- 0.7, P = 0.039). CONCLUSION: Adding @entity1363 to a continuous epidural infusion of @entity1341 provides better @entity1337 , @entity2730 and sedation than @entity1341 alone without side effects in @entity1 undergoing laparotomy.

title: @entity1363 improves postoperative epidural XXXX with continuous infusion of local anaesthetics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity2730 :: ('MESH:D000647', 'Disease') :: ['amnesia', 'Amnesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['Midazolam', 'midazolam']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: Investigation of motor function in a group of 17 @entity1 with @entity2033 reveals that, in addition to the @entity4790 that many @entity1 exhibit, defects in voluntary motor performance also are evident. Fast simple wrist flexion movements to 15 degrees or 60 degrees were slower, and individual movements showed greater variability than seen in normal subjects. This @entity2845 was most pronounced in those @entity1 who were @entity2845 and rigid, but also was seen in those with @entity4790 alone; @entity2845 was independent of the drug treatment that the @entity1 were receiving (and was therefore not due to drug-induced @entity304 ). The electromyographic activity of the agonist muscles during such simple but slow movement differed from that seen in @entity191 . The performance of complex movements revealed @entity51 . Some @entity1 were unable to combine two movements in a simultaneous or sequential movement task of squeezing the hand and flexing the elbow. Those who could perform these complex movements exhibited slowing of the velocity of the movement and prolongation of the interval between movements. These abnormalities were present in @entity1 with @entity4790 who were not taking neuroleptic drugs. It is argued that they represent an abnormality of motor programming of complex movements, over and above the defect in executing simple movements. The long latency stretch reflexes in wrist flexor muscles and flexor pollicis longus were reduced or absent, but this did not correlate with changes in motor performance, or with the reduced size of the early components of cortical sensory evoked potentials. @entity2845 is thus shown to be an integral component of the @entity1957 of @entity2033 , in addition to the @entity4790 . The coexistence of @entity2845 and @entity4790 in this illness is compatible with current theories of the role of the basal ganglia in the control of movement.

title: The coexistence of XXXX and @entity4790 in @entity2033 and its implications for theories of basal ganglia control of movement.

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease"]

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia', 'Bradykinesia', 'akinetic']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['further deficits']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['motor disorder']

answer: @entity2845 :: (MESH:D018476,Disease) :: ['bradykinesia']


abstract: We have studied by flow cytometry the @entity16739 -ploidy of 23 @entity420 developed on @entity355 operated at hospital Beaujon between 1982 and 1988. This retrospective study was done on @entity406 -fixed and @entity982 -embedded material. Non @entity355 's mucosa was diploid in all of the 11 studied cases. @entity6349 mucosa was @entity2007 in the 4 studied cases, as were the @entity189 in the same @entity1 . Seven @entity5 were diploid, and 16 @entity2007 . There was no relationship between the aneuploidy and the degree of @entity5 differentiation. Fourteen of the 15 @entity5 which invaded the adventitia and only 2 of the 8 @entity5 which were limited to the muscularis propria were @entity2007 . Thirteen of 16 @entity2007 and only 2 of 7 @entity5 had lymph node invasion. Six of the 7 @entity1 with @entity5 were well 12 to 52 months after surgery. Eleven of the 16 @entity1 with @entity5 died, the remaining 5 were well 12 to 18 months after surgery. The ratio of @entity420 developed on @entity355 is similar to the ratio observed in other types of solid @entity5 . The prognosis of @entity420 in @entity355 is poor. According to our results, the prognosis of @entity5 seems to be better than that of @entity5 . In order to determine the value of @entity16739 -ploidy as an independent prognostic criterion, it would be of interest to study a greater number of @entity1 with longer follow-up.

title: [Dna ploidy in @entity420 of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploid']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's oesophagus", 'dysplastic Barrett']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'diploid tumor', 'aneuploid tumor', 'aneuploid tumors', 'diploid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'aneuploid adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['Dysplastic']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: Response rates of 20% were achieved when interferon alpha (IFN) was applied as single agent treatment for @entity1582 . A synergistic activity was observed when IFN was combined with chemotherapeutic agents in vitro and in vivo. These observations led to a series of randomized trials comparing chemotherapy alone with the combination of IFN and chemotherapy which yielded controversial results. Ludwig et al have analyzed presently available data of randomized trials in a systematic overview. In 16 trials, 2286 @entity1 were randomized either for induction therapy with chemotherapy or IFN combined with chemotherapy. The IFN dose ranged between 4.8 and 18.7 MU/week. The overall response rate was 45.9% for @entity1 treated with chemotherapy alone compared to 54.4% for @entity1 treated with @entity3027 and chemotherapy. The gain of relapse-free survival was 6 months and the gain of overall survival was 5 months for IFN-treated @entity1 . Advances in treatment were due to the expense of more severe side-effects in IFN-treated @entity1 expressed by hematological side-effects, fever, @entity390 and neurological as well as psychological alterations. IFN maintenance therapy was evaluated from eight trials comprising 929 @entity1 randomized for IFN-treatment or 'wait and see'. IFN maintenance treatment prolonged the average relapse-free survival by 7 months and prolonged the average overall survival by 5 months. Younger @entity1 , @entity1 in good performance status and @entity1 with lower @entity5 burden seem to benefit most from the addition of IFN to chemotherapy or from IFN maintenance therapy. In conclusion, IFN shows a minor beneficial effect on response rates, progression-free and overall survival in the above mentioned @entity1 group and might be applied when high-dose chemotherapy with transplantation is not feasible. IFN has been shown to be effective for maintenance therapy in @entity1 with lower @entity5 burden who have responded to induction therapy.

title: Interferon alpha in the therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: Contemporary @entity565 management guidelines list inhaled corticosteroids as the preferred controller medication for @entity1 with persistent @entity565 . Despite the availability of explicit guidelines, there is evidence that these agents are underused and that guidelines are not always adhered to. @entity5023 is one of several inhaled corticosteroids used for the treatment of @entity565 . Like other agents of its class, its efficacy is backed by extensive clinical data. More recently, the quality of life of recipients of @entity5023 and its relative cost effectiveness have been investigated. A series of comparative analyses show that inhaled @entity5023 is more cost effective than oral @entity22398 and @entity2995 and slightly more cost effective than @entity17013 in adult @entity1 with @entity565 . Analyses used cost per symptom-free day and/or cost per successfully treated @entity1 as outcome measures and were generally conducted from the perspective of the third-party payer. When administered at a microgram dose of half or less than @entity4184 (as is therapeutically appropriate), the cost effectiveness of @entity5023 was similar to or better than that of @entity4184 . In @entity1 , @entity5023 was more cost effective per treatment success compared with inhaled @entity9992 . Quality-of-life assessments in @entity1 with mild to moderate disease show that inhaled @entity5023 achieved improvements which were deemed to be clinically meaningful in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity565 ; these changes were significantly greater than those achieved with oral @entity22398 , inhaled @entity2995 or placebo. Greater improvements were evident with inhaled @entity5023 in @entity1 with severe disease. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to the considerable body of clinical evidence supporting the use of inhaled @entity5023 in @entity1 with @entity565 , accumulating short term cost-effectiveness data also suggest that this agent can be administered for a similar or lower cost per outcome than other inhaled corticosteroids or oral @entity22398 . Importantly, the clinical benefits offered by @entity5023 in @entity1 with persistent @entity565 are accompanied by clinically significant improvements in quality of life.

title: Inhaled XXXX . A pharmacoeconomic review of its use in the management of @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity22398 :: ('MESH:C062735', 'Chemical') :: ['zafirlukast']

entities_list: @entity17013 :: ('MESH:C007734', 'Chemical') :: ['flunisolide']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity9992 :: ('MESH:D004205', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium cromoglycate']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate', 'Fluticasone propionate']

answer: @entity5023 :: (MESH:C065382,Chemical) :: ['fluticasone propionate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The contribution of bone marrow-derived cells to epithelial tissues in the inflamed gut remains controversial. Recent reports have suggested that cell fusion between bone marrow-derived cells and the intestinal epithelium takes place in inflammatory conditions. METHODS: In attempts to confirm this, we have undertaken gender mis-matched bone marrow (BM) transplants from male Swiss Webster (SWR) @entity19 to B and T cell-deficient female @entity6233 KO @entity19 which, 4 weeks later, were given 5% dextran @entity2398 in drinking water to induce @entity1960 . A further BM-treated group of animals with a graft versus host-like condition was also studied. We developed a new method to combine up to three brightfield or fluorescent lectin- or immuno-histochemical signals with fluorescent in situ hybridisation for the Y and X chromosomes to enable us unequivocally to identify BM-derived male cells which presented as different cell types in the gastrointestinal tract. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In rolled preparations of whole intestines we scanned around 1.5 million crypts at many tissue levels. In no instance did we see a Y chromosome-positive cell in the epithelial compartment, which was not also @entity8236 -positive. We saw no evidence of cell fusion, based on combined X and Y chromosome analysis. Levels of @entity8236 -positive stromal and lymphoid cells and pericryptal myfibroblasts (positive for a-smooth muscle actin) increased with time up to a plateau, which resembled the level seen in untreated control grafted animals. We saw very few Y chromosome-positive endothelial cells in intestinal stromal vessels. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that whole BM transplantation does not result in intestinal epithelial engraftment in this model. Our new methods can usefully assist in multi-signal analyses of cell phenotypes following BM transplant and in models of chimaerism and regenerative medicine.

title: Bone marrow cells in @entity19 XXXX : multi-signal analysis confirms pericryptal myofibroblast engraftment without epithelial involvement.

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['acute colitis']

entities_list: @entity2398 :: ('CHEBI:32149', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium sulphate']

answer: @entity1960 :: (MESH:D003092,Disease) :: ['colitis']


abstract: @entity791 risk reduction programs are being conducted in many institutional settings, but rigorous evaluations of their effectiveness are lacking. This is particularly unfortunate in that these programs are expensive, and tend to be of lower intensity than those that have been shown to be effective. Further, risk reduction is generally regarded as entailing greater difficulty for @entity1 , who do not use condoms themselves but must negotiate their use with male partners. We used a quasi-experimental design to evaluate an institutional @entity791 prevention program on a New Jersey college campus. Sexual behavior was assessed via linked, anonymous mailed surveys at the beginning and end of an academic year among 1st-year students on the campus and others on a nearby control campus. Responses from the spring survey indicated that intervention campus students had been exposed significantly more than control students to intervention components. While MANCOVA analyses indicated no main effect of treatment group on outcome variable, we obtained a significant group by gender interaction, indicating a significant effect on number of risky encounters for @entity1 but not for @entity1 . In fact, relative to @entity1 on the control campus, @entity1 on the intervention campus displayed reduced self-efficacy to perform safe sex at the end of the year. These results may indicate that although @entity1 can be effectively reached by low-intensity risk reduction programs, @entity1 may not be. In fact, interventions without adequate intensity to provide substantial and individualized negotiation skill training may cause @entity1 to experience failure in these efforts.

title: Effects of an institutional XXXX prevention intervention: moderation by gender.

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of treatment on the incidence of @entity227 among @entity1 with @entity7375 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: setting: Single-center academic practice. study population: Twenty-four consecutive @entity1 with @entity7375 who were referred for evaluation and treatment from November 1984 through May 2004. procedures: Information on @entity1 with @entity7375 was entered retrospectively into a database and analyzed with time-dependent techniques. main outcome measures: Incidence of @entity227 . RESULTS: In better-seeing eyes, the frequencies of @entity1018 to 20/50 or worse and to 20/200 or worse at presentation were 50% and 30%, respectively. The incidence rates on follow-up examination for @entity1018 to 20/50 or worse and to 20/200 or worse were 9% per @entity1 -year and 7% per @entity1 -year in the better-seeing eye. Oral @entity228 therapy was associated with a reduced risk of loss of visual acuity to the 20/200 or worse in the better-seeing eye (relative risk [RR] = 0.33; P = .05). The use of immunosuppressive drug therapy was associated with a reduced risk of @entity1018 to the 20/50 or worse and to the 20/200 or worse thresholds in the better-seeing eye (RR = 0.33; P = .05; and RR = 0.08; P = .04, respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity7375 may result in substantial @entity227 . The use of oral @entity228 or immunosuppressive drug therapy may reduce the risk of @entity1018 during the follow-up period.

title: XXXX : clinical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment and of structural ocular complications', 'vision impairment and structural ocular complications', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity7375 :: ('MESH:D014607', 'Disease') :: ['VKH disease', 'Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease']

answer: @entity7375 :: (MESH:D014607,Disease) :: ['Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of plasma neurohormones in the diagnosis of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic right @entity67 . SETTING: Tertiary cardiovascular referral centre. METHODS: Plasma @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations were measured in 21 asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic @entity1 with chronic right ventricular pressure overload caused by @entity299 , and in seven healthy volunteers. Right ventricular ejection fraction was determined using magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Right ventricular ejection fraction in the volunteers was higher than in the @entity1 (69.0 (8.2)% v 58.0(12.0)%, respectively; p < 0.006). Left ventricular ejection fraction was 72.3(7.8)% in volunteers and 68.1(11.0)% in @entity1 (NS). There was a significant difference between @entity1 and volunteers in the plasma concentrations of @entity3876 (5.3 (3.5) v 2.3 (1.7) pmol/l, respectively; p < 0.009) and ANP (7.3 (4.5) v 3.6 (1.4) pmol/l; p < 0.05). In both @entity1 and volunteers, mean plasma ANP was higher than mean plasma @entity3876 . Right ventricular ejection fraction was inversely correlated with @entity3876 and ANP (respectively, r = 0.65; p < 0.0002 and r = 0.61; p < 0.002). There was no correlation between left ventricular ejection fraction and @entity3876 (r = 0.2; NS) or ANP (r = 0.52; NS). Similarly, no correlation was shown between the level of right ventricular systolic pressure and either plasma @entity3876 (r = 0.20) or plasma ANP (r = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant inverse correlation between right ventricular ejection fraction and the plasma neurohormones @entity3876 and ANP in asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic @entity1 with right ventricular pressure overload and @entity299 . Monitoring changes in @entity3876 and ANP may provide quantitative follow up of right @entity67 in these @entity1 .

title: Increased brain and atrial natriuretic peptides in XXXX with chronic right ventricular pressure overload: correlation between plasma neurohormones and right @entity67 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Administration by the owner of three 325-mg (5-gr) tablets of @entity1443 ( @entity1443 ) to each of 2 adult Burmese @entity468 was associated with severe @entity221 of both @entity468 and death of one. Administration of two 325-mg tablets to each of 2 experimental adult @entity468 resulted in severe @entity221 . Marked cyanosis was observed in experimental @entity468 within 4 hours after administration of one 325-mg tablet. Cyanosis was apparently due to @entity519 associated with conversion of hemoglobin to methemoglobin by @entity1443 or its metabolites. @entity417 , @entity8763 , and icterus were subsequently observed in the @entity468 . @entity417 and @entity8763 were caused by @entity2142 of red blood cells (RBC). Icterus was due to both lysis of RBC and @entity99 . @entity4 developed in 3 of 4 @entity468 , but the pathogenesis of this lesion was not determined. The doses of @entity1443 were extremely large; however, administration of comparable doses to @entity468 by their owners is a potential hazard because the drug is available without prescription as a 325-mg tablet. From information available at present, it seems that @entity1443 administration to the cat causes more dramatic clinical signs and is more likely to be fatal than the same doses of salicylates. Because @entity8169 is metabolized to @entity1443 , similar clinical signs may occur in @entity468 given @entity8169 .

title: XXXX toxicosis in the cat.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Facial edema']

entities_list: @entity8763 :: ('MESH:D006456', 'Disease') :: ['hemoglobinuria']

entities_list: @entity8169 :: ('MESH:D010615', 'Chemical') :: ['phenacetin']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen', 'N-acetyl-p-aminophenol']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic necrosis']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['Acetaminophen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: House dust mites (HDMs) represent significant indoor allergen sources for @entity1 with @entity483 ( @entity483 ). @entity9285 ( @entity9285 ) has been shown to be successful in @entity1 with @entity2023 and mild @entity565 and might represent an attractive therapeutic option for the long-term treatment of HDM sensitizations in @entity483 @entity1 . However, only a few studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of HDM @entity9285 in @entity483 , resulting in controversial clinical results. Data on immunological changes induced by @entity9285 in @entity483 @entity1 are rare. OBJECTIVES: We performed an open pilot study to assess clinical changes and objective laboratory parameters and evaluate the benefit of HDM @entity9285 in 25 @entity483 @entity1 with IgE-mediated sensitization against HDM. METHODS: The severity of @entity483 was evaluated by the severity scoring of @entity483 (SCORAD). Specific IgE and IgG4 against HDM and serum levels of @entity14420 / @entity14420 , @entity14421 / @entity14421 , @entity17090 , @entity3646 , @entity379 , @entity688 and @entity2533 were measured during @entity9285 . RESULTS: Subjective and objective SCORAD improved significantly within only 4 weeks of treatment. The level of the tolerogenic cytokine @entity688 increased, whereas @entity14420 and @entity17090 decreased in the sera of the @entity1 during @entity9285 . Allergen specific IgE decreased, while IgG4 increased during @entity9285 . CONCLUSION: In this open-label pilot study, @entity9285 with an HDM extract in @entity1 with @entity483 led to a significant improvement of @entity483 mirrored by a reduction of SCORAD as well as serological and immunological changes, which might serve as valuable parameters to estimate the therapeutic effect of @entity9285 .

title: Clinical improvement and immunological changes in @entity483 XXXX undergoing subcutaneous immunotherapy with a house dust mite allergoid: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD', 'atopic dermatitis system']

entities_list: @entity9285 :: ('MESH:D013352', 'Disease') :: ['Subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy', 'SCIT']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The aim of this study was the statistical and epidemiological analysis of @entity1 with @entity4858 . We analyzed all @entity1 attending the emergency department of Department of Ophthalmology Medical University in Gdansk over the period of 1992-1993 and 2002-2003 years. We determined the visual function (visual acuity- distance and near Snellen acuity test, intraocular pressure measurement, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, X- ray examination and US -examination) in two groups of subjects. The 6427 @entity1 were subjected in the first period (37% with @entity4858 ). In the second period we examined 10512 @entity1 (44% with @entity4858 ). A total of visits have been examined in the first period: 24.1% of @entity1 were between 19-25 and 48% between 26-50 years. In the second group of @entity1 35.7% of @entity1 were between 19-25 and 30.3% were between 26-50 years. In the both periods we observed mainly @entity267 . @entity5744 and @entity2687 were the most common etiology among @entity4858 in both groups. A total of visits have been examined: 7.78% with the first group and 8.95% was with burns. There were 1.89% in the first and 5.75% in the second period of severe @entity4858 such as penetrating @entity2194 , orbital @entity174 and intraocular foreign body. The main causative activity of @entity4858 in both groups was work (5.80% group I and 23.80% group II), assault (36.20% group I and 47.75% group II) and traffic accidents (4.84% group I and 12.05% group II). Results of our work indicated that @entity2194 is a common cause of improvement of visual acuity and a common cause of visit to the Emergency Department of Department of Ophthalmology.

title: [ XXXX in outpatient clinic of Department of Ophthalmology Medical University Gdansk in 1992-1993 and 2002-2003 years].

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular trauma']

entities_list: @entity267 :: ('MESH:D065306', 'Disease') :: ['corneal injuries']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity5744 :: ('MESH:D005547', 'Disease') :: ['Corneal foreign body']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['eye injuries', 'ocular injuries', 'eye injury', 'close eye injuries']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal abrasion']

answer: @entity4858 :: (MESH:D005131,Disease) :: ['Eye injuries']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study used myocardial contrast echocardiography to investigate the extent of residual perfusion within the @entity1188 zone in a select group of @entity1 with recently reperfused @entity583 and evaluated its influence on the ultimate @entity1188 size. BACKGROUND: Limited information is available on the status of myocardial perfusion within @entity4148 at predischarge and on its influence on late regional and global functional recovery. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with @entity583 were selected for the study. @entity1 met the following inclusion criteria: 1) single-vessel @entity453 ; 2) patency of @entity1188 with persistent @entity4148 at predischarge; 3) stable clinical condition up to 6 months after hospital discharge. All selected @entity1 underwent coronary angiography and myocardial contrast echocardiography before hospital discharge and repeated the echocardiographic examination 6 months later. @entity1 were grouped according to the pattern of contrast enhancement in predischarge dysfunctional segments. RESULTS: In nine @entity1 (group I), the length of segments showing abnormal contraction coincided with that of the contrast defect segments. In the remaining 11 @entity1 (group II), @entity4148 were partly or completely reperfused. There was no difference between the two groups in asynergic segment length at predischarge (7.3 +/- 2.5 vs. 7.2 +/- 4.3 cm, p = NS). At follow-up study, asynergic segment length was significantly reduced in group II @entity1 , whereas no changes were observed in group I @entity1 (from 7.2 +/- 4.3 to 4.7 +/- 3.7 cm, p < 0.005; and from 7.3 +/- 2.5 to 7.5 +/- 2.9 cm, p = NS, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 with a predischarge patent @entity1188 , further improvement in regional and global function may be expected during follow-up when residual perfusion in the @entity1188 zone is present.

title: Influence of residual perfusion within the XXXX zone on the natural history of left ventricular dysfunction after @entity583 : a myocardial contrast echocardiographic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['postischemic dysfunctional segments']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our study examines the hypothesis that in addition to sugar starch-type diet, a fat-protein meal elevates postprandial glycemia as well, and it should be included in calculated prandial insulin dose accordingly. The goal was to determine the impact of the inclusion of fat-protein nutrients in the general algorithm for the mealtime insulin dose calculator on 6-h postprandial glycemia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Of 26 screened type 1 @entity6 @entity1 using an insulin pump, 24 were randomly assigned to an experimental Group A and to a control Group B. Group A received dual-wave insulin boluses for their pizza dinner, consisting of 45   g/180   kcal of @entity3363 and 400   kcal from fat-protein where the insulin dose was calculated using the following algorithm: n @entity1735 Units ICR+n Fat-Protein Units ICR/6   h (standard+extended insulin boluses), where ICR represents the insulin-to- @entity1735 ratio. For the control Group B, the algorithm used was n @entity1735 Units ICR. The @entity413 , C-peptide, and glucagon concentrations were evaluated before the meal and at 30, 60, 120, 240, and 360   min postprandial. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences involving @entity1 ' metabolic control, C-peptide, glucagon secretion, or duration of @entity6 between Group A and B. In Group A the significant @entity413 increment occurred at 120-360   min, with its maximum at 240   min: 60.2 versus -3.0   mg/dL (P=0.04), respectively. There were no significant differences in glucagon and C-peptide concentrations postprandial. CONCLUSIONS: A mixed meal effectively elevates postprandial glycemia after 4-6   h. Dual-wave insulin bolus, in which insulin is calculated for both the carbohydrates and fat proteins, is effective in controlling postprandial glycemia.

title: Does the fat-protein meal increase postprandial @entity413 level in type 1 @entity6 XXXX on insulin pump: the conclusion of a randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate', 'Carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1 with chronic @entity788 are at risk for poor nutritional status. The two major clinical features of chronic @entity788 are @entity490 and maldigestion, both resulting in @entity3147 . @entity490 often results in decreased oral intake, and decreased enzyme production results in maldigestion. Enzyme therapy often is included in treating chronic @entity788 . There is limited data on the nutritional assessment of outpatients with chronic @entity788 , and the efficacy of the use of enzyme therapy remains controversial. Serum @entity2313 level and measurement of ideal body weight are two simple measures of nutritional status that can be obtained by gastroenterology nurses. A retrospective chart review was done of @entity1 seen in our outpatient clinic for management of chronic @entity788 . Serum @entity2313 levels, an indicator of @entity7493 , were reviewed for 34 @entity1 . Thirty-three percent of these @entity1 were found to have mild-to-moderate @entity7493 as evidenced by low serum @entity2313 levels. Enzyme therapy information was reviewed for 33 @entity1 . @entity1 receiving enzyme therapy had better nutritional status based on both serum @entity2313 levels and percent of ideal body weight. Gastroenterology nurses can be instrumental in the recognition and treatment of @entity3147 in chronic @entity788 .

title: Pancreatic enzyme therapy and nutritional status of outpatients with chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity7493 :: ('MESH:D011502', 'Disease') :: ['protein calorie malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition', 'nutritional deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal pain', 'abdominal pain']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: In the cerebellum, the basket cell innervation on Purkinje cells provides a major GABAergic inhibitory control of the single efferent output from the cerebellum. The Shaker-type K channel @entity15530 is localized at the axon arborization preceding the terminal of the basket cells and is therefore a potential candidate for regulating the GABAergic inhibition. In this study, we directly assess this role of @entity15530 by electrophysiological analysis of @entity15530 null mutant @entity19 . Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of spontaneous IPSCs (sIPSCs) were made from Purkinje cells in thin cerebellar slices from postnatal day (P)10-15 @entity15530 -null mutants using wild-type littermates as controls. The null mutation confers a very specific change in the sIPSC: the frequency increases about twofold, without accompanying changes in the mean and variance of its amplitude distribution. The frequency and amplitude of the miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs) are unaffected. Spontaneous firing rate of the basket cells is unaltered. Evoked IPSC does not show multiple activity in the mutants. Motor skills tests show that @entity15530 null @entity19 display a compromised ability to maintain balance on a thin stationary rod. We conclude that the @entity15530 null mutation results in a persistent elevation of the tonic inhibitory tone on the cerebellum Purkinje cell efferent and that this is not fully compensated for by residual Shaker-type channels. We further suggest that the increase in inhibitory tone in the mutants might underlie the @entity146 . At the cellular level, we propose that @entity15530 deletion enhances excitability of the basket cells by selectively enhancing the likelihood of action potential propagation past @entity1166 .

title: Specific alteration of spontaneous GABAergic inhibition in cerebellar purkinje cells in XXXX lacking the potassium channel Kv1. 1.

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['axonal branch points']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral deficits']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty is a marked change in treatment of @entity2463 and differs fundamentally from previous techniques. In 1991-1996 86 @entity1 (51 @entity1 and 35 @entity1 ) aged 1 day to 22 years were operated. A primary operation was performed in 65 @entity1 , a secondary one in 21 @entity1 . In primary operations posterior sagittal anorectoplasty was used in 50 @entity1 , in 3 cloacal malformations it was extended by reconstruction of the vagina and urethra. Fifteen @entity1 were operated by other techniques. Posterior sagittal anorecto (vaginourethro) plasty was used in all 21 reoperated @entity1 . Of 65 @entity1 with primary operations one @entity1 died from @entity3127 four years after operation. The @entity1 had also an operation on account of @entity354 . Three @entity1 were reoperated. The continence of @entity1 after primary operations is satisfactory, 5-6 points on Kelly's scale. In 19/21 reoperated @entity1 the continence is 3-5 points according to Kelly. In two @entity1 no substantial changes were recorded, one was reoperated twice. As compared with pull-through techniques the posterior surgical method of anorecto (vaginourethro) plasty is excellent. It cannot be used however without adequate experience.

title: [Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration bronchopneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2463 :: ('MESH:C537771', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal malformations']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal atresia']

answer: @entity2463 :: (MESH:C537771,Disease) :: ['anorectal malformations']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study @entity2479 ( @entity2479 ) during pregnancy in subjects with and without @entity6 and to relate the changes to progression in @entity6 . METHODS: @entity2479 in a major temporal retinal vein was measured, where possible, during all three trimesters (T1 to T3) and the postpartum period (PP) using laser Doppler velocimetry (measuring velocity [V]) and monochromatic fundus photographs (measuring diameter [D]). RESULTS: In the subjects without @entity6 (n = 19), no significant change in @entity2479 was demonstrated. V was significantly greater in T3 than in PP (P = 0.01). D was significantly smaller in T1 to T3 than in PP (P < or = 0.01). @entity2479 in the subjects with @entity6 was significantly higher in T2 and T3 than in PP (P < 0.05). V increased from T1 to T2 (P = 0.04) and decreased from T2 to PP (P = 0.001) and from T3 to PP (P = 0.002). The only significant change in D was a smaller value in T1 than in PP (P = 0.003). However, it was only those subjects whose DR progressed (n = 11) who had a significant increase in @entity2479 during pregnancy (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the hyperdynamic circulation present in pregnancy led to compensatory retinal vessel constriction (autoregulation) in the group without @entity6 ; this was largely absent in the @entity1 with @entity6 , with resultant increase in @entity2479 associated with worsening @entity989 . This finding lends further support to the hypothesis that increased @entity2479 is a pathogenic mechanism for @entity6 .

title: Retinal blood flow changes during pregnancy in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal blood flow', 'RBF']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Comparison between treatment with wavefront optimized and custom-Q laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) ablations. Our study included 400 eyes of 200 @entity1 divided into two equal groups. All @entity1 were treated for @entity1714 and @entity940 with LASIK. The first group was treated with wavefront optimized ablation and the second group with custom-Q ablation. They were examined preoperatively and postoperatively to assess asphericity, image quality, and other classical outcome parameters. The wavefront optimized ablation group comprised 200 eyes with a mean @entity2516 ( @entity2516 ) of -5.2188 diopters (D) (range: -1.15 to -10.50 D); the mean Q-value changed from 0.30 preoperatively to 0.06 postoperatively. The custom-Q ablation group also comprised 200 eyes with a mean @entity2516 of -5.1575 D (range: -1.35 to -9.00 D); the mean Q-value changed from 0.32 preoperatively to 0.03 postoperatively. A statistically significant difference in postoperative change in Q-values (P = 0.02) and in postoperative visual acuity (P = 0.42) between the two groups was noted. There was no difference between the two groups regarding refractive correction. There was a marginally significant change in BSCVA (best spectacle-corrected visual acuity) between the two groups, and @entity73 in the corneal asphericity in the custom-Q group.

title: Q-value customized ablation (custom-Q) versus wavefront optimized ablation for primary @entity1714 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['myopic astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'spherical equivalent refraction']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['less impairment']

answer: @entity940 :: (MESH:D001251,Disease) :: ['myopic astigmatism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The earlobe plays an important part in the aesthetic appearance of the auricle. @entity2419 may vary considerably in severity from a simple notching to extensive @entity3145 . Most @entity1 with @entity2419 require surgical correction because of abnormal appearance. In this article, a new surgical technique for correcting congenital simple @entity2419 using diametric hinge flaps is introduced. METHODS OR DESIGN: We retrospectively reviewed 4 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2419 earlobe between 2008 and 2010. All of them received this new surgical method. The @entity1 were followed up from 3 to 6 months. All @entity1 attained relatively full bodied earlobes with smooth contours, @entity2318 , and found their reconstructed earlobes to be aesthetically satisfactory. One @entity1 experienced @entity1183 in the area operated on, but recovered 3 months later. No other complications were noted. CONCLUSIONS: This simple method not only makes full use of the surrounding tissues to reconstruct full bodied earlobes but also avoids small notch formation caused by the linear scar contraction sometimes seen when using more traditional methods.

title: A new technique for correction of simple XXXX : diametric hinge flaps method.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue deficiency']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['inconspicuous scars']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cleft', 'cleft earlobe', 'Congenital cleft earlobe']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['congenital earlobe clefts']


abstract: Studies of several gene knockout @entity19 suggest an interesting association of a moderate T cell response with systemic @entity792 . In addition, @entity1309 ligand ( @entity9699 ) expression in some strains of these @entity19 is impaired. Because @entity9699 is critically involved in regulating peripheral tolerance, there may be a link between @entity792 and a moderate T cell response that cannot activate the @entity9699 gene. Here, we propose that there are two thresholds of T cell activation. When moderately stimulated, T cells can be activated to the low (1st) threshold, which permits the induction of @entity4458 , @entity2047 , @entity58 , and other components that help the immune response. The high (2nd) activation threshold can only be achieved by a strong and concurrent stimulation through @entity12810 and @entity3783 . Once the high threshold is reached, @entity9699 is produced to induce apoptosis of the activated T and B cells. In the absence of the @entity9699 -mediated downregulation, the activated B cells become efficient antigen-presenting cells for self-antigens and excellent responders for T cell help. Such an exacerbating @entity558 , induced by recurrent and moderate activation, favors the development of autoreactive T cells and autoantibody production. Evidence supporting this hypothesis and some predictions that can be tested are described.

title: Hypothesis: A recurrent, moderate activation fosters systemic autoimmunity--the apoptotic roles of XXXX , @entity2047 and Fas ligand.

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['condition']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity12810 :: (328483(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TCR']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe demographic and hormonal characteristics, comorbidities ( @entity6 and @entity101 ), therapeutic procedures and their effectiveness, as well as predictors of morbidity and mortality in a nationwide survey of Italian acromegalic @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective multicenter epidemiological study endorsed by the Italian Society of Endocrinology and performed in 24 tertiary referral Italian centers. The mean follow-up time was 120 months. RESULTS: A total of 1512 @entity1 , 41% male, mean age: 45  13 years, mean GH: 31  37  g/l, @entity442 : 744  318 ng/ml, were included. @entity6 was reported in 16% of cases and @entity101 in 33%. Older age and higher @entity442 levels at diagnosis were significant predictors of @entity6 and @entity101 . At the last follow-up, 65% of @entity1 had a controlled disease, of whom 55% were off medical therapy. Observed deaths were 61, with a standardized mortality ratio of 1.13 95% (confidence interval (CI): 0.87-1.46). Mortality was significantly higher in the @entity1 with persistently active disease (1.93; 95% CI: 1.34-2.70). Main causes of @entity204 were @entity455 and @entity5 with similar prevalence. A multivariate analysis showed that older age, higher GH at the last follow-up, higher @entity442 levels at diagnosis, @entity5 , and radiotherapy were independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment @entity442 levels are important predictors of morbidity and mortality in @entity2012 . The full hormonal control of the disease, nowadays reached in the majority of @entity1 with modern management, reduces greatly the disease-related mortality.

title: Predictors of morbidity and mortality in XXXX : an Italian survey.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the aging kidney renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate are reduced due to @entity631 . On this regard, @entity101 has synergistic effects and may lead to @entity454 in a significant proportion of cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To study the effects of antihypertensive drugs in an acute setting, we expressly designed an acute experiment to assess the renal response to @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ). In healthy elderly, the response was characterized by a prolonged and pronounced renal vasoconstriction, due to a reduction in renal autacoid modulatory capacity, particularly of @entity2918 . In older @entity1 with isolated systolic @entity101 , the response to @entity1032 was impaired, being characterized by a passive vasodilation with hyperfiltration. The effects of antihypertensive drugs were evaluated twice in adults @entity1 with mild to moderate essential @entity101 : after two weeks of pharmacological wash-out and after two weeks of treatment with the ACE-inhibitor @entity21594 (4 mg), or the non-dihydropyridinic @entity141 channel blocker @entity1855 (240 mg), or both (2 mg + 180 mg). RESULTS: While the three antihypertensive regimens reduced blood pressure to a similar extent, their effects on the renal response to @entity1032 were different. Each regimen re-established a renal vasoconstrictive response to adrenergic activation. However, with @entity21594 , renal vasoconstriction was limited, as it occurs physiologically, to the period of blood pressure rise, while @entity1855 , or the combination of the two drugs, were associated with more prolonged vasoconstriction. CONCLUSIONS: Further studies are needed to confirm the nephroprotective effects of these drugs, particularly of ACE-inhibitors. These data may be a pathophysiological basis for future clinical trials.

title: Renal adaptive mechanisms in aged and XXXX @entity1 : possible effects of treatment.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental stress', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity21594 :: ('MESH:C052035', 'Chemical') :: ['trandolapril']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: PURPOSE: Based on latest analyses disclosing an inverse association between ring-like structures in @entity2118 ( @entity45264 ) spatial profile and age-related @entity1020 , we performed additional analyses of @entity45264 measurements obtained in @entity1 of our earlier @entity8665 nutrition effects measured by autoflourescence (LUNA) study to disclose if oral @entity8665 (L) and @entity7695 (Z) can attenuate, amplify, or generate a ring structure. METHODS: A total of 97 subjects attended the last follow-up visit 3 months after discontinuation of a 6-month trial of 12 mg L and 1 mg Z supplementation. Of the subjects, 11 eyes had a secondary peak (ring-like structure) and 8 had an implied pericentral plateau/shoulder on the slope of @entity45264 density profile (intermediate distribution). RESULTS: L and Z intake led to a general shift toward higher @entity45264 values in eyes without ring structure. The difference between mean optical density of retinal @entity45264 (Diff @entity45264 ) at last follow-up and baseline was +0.16 density units (D.U.) at 0   eccentricity. Increments at 0.25  , 0.5  , 1  , and 2   (all P < 0.0001) decayed exponentially with higher eccentricity. @entity45264 showed comparatively slight central changes in eyes with ring and intermediate distribution (diff_MPOD at 0   +0.03 and +0.09), and increased at minimum (+0.06, P = 0.01) and maximum (+0.07, P = 0.02) of the ring, and at inner (+0.07, P = 0.04) and outer (+0.09, P = 0.01) radius of the pericentral "shoulder." CONCLUSIONS: Ring structures were neither attenuated nor generated de novo following supplementation. Individuals with second peak/implied plateau in the slope of the profile appear to have the most effective retinal stabilization of L and Z located at a pericentral rather than the central location.

title: Profiles of @entity2118 optical density and their changes following supplemental XXXX and @entity7695 : new results from the LUNA study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity7695 :: ('MESH:C005881', 'Chemical') :: ['zeaxanthin']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['macular pigment']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity8665 :: (MESH:D014975,Chemical) :: ['lutein']


abstract: There is a subset of @entity1 with @entity565 who are susceptible to disease exacerbation upon receiving @entity117 and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. This is a clinical syndrome, called @entity117 -induced @entity565 (AIA), associated with alterations in @entity3899 metabolism and @entity26510 overproduction. The natural history and clinical characteristics of this type of @entity565 were studied. Sixteen clinical centres in 10 European countries provided standardized information to the specially developed @entity1 -oriented database regarding: medical history, physical examination, diagnosis, and treatment. Diagnosis of AIA was based on a typical history, confirmed by positive @entity117 provocation tests, carried out in 91% of the @entity1 . A total of 500 @entity1 were enrolled in the study. AIA developed according to a pattern, characterized by a sequence of symptoms. First, persistent @entity2490 , appearing at a mean age of 29.7+/-12.5 yrs, then @entity565 , @entity117 intolerance and nasal @entity1412 appear. The clinical presentation in different European countries was remarkably similar. In females, who outnumbered males by 2.3:1, the onset of symptoms occurred significantly earlier and the disease was more progressive and severe than in males. Atopy, present in approximately a third of @entity1 , led to earlier manifestation of @entity2490 and @entity565 , but not of @entity117 intolerance or nasal @entity1412 . A family history of @entity117 intolerance, recorded in 6% of @entity1 , had a less evident effect on the course of the disease than sex or atopy. Fifty one per cent of @entity1 , in addition to inhaled @entity230 , required chronic systemic corticosteroid therapy at a mean dose of 8 mg prednisone x day(-1). Surprisingly, 15% of @entity1 were unaware of intolerance to @entity117 and learnt about it only after having provocation tests performed. All over Europe, @entity117 -induced @entity565 develops in a similar characteristic way. Its course is influenced by sex and the presence of atopy. In half of the @entity1 , @entity565 is severe, and @entity134 -dependent. The uniform natural history of @entity117 -induced @entity565 might suggest a common underlying principle.

title: Natural history of XXXX -induced @entity565 . AIANE Investigators. European Network on @entity117 -Induced @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3899 :: ('CHEBI:32395', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonate']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['polyposis']

entities_list: @entity26510 :: ('MESH:C112381', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteinyl-leukotriene']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: Being possessed by demons or evil spirits is one of the oldest ways of explaining bodily and @entity146 . The article briefly mentions some contributions from other disciplines, but considers in particular psychiatry's and medicine's approach throughout history. During the middle ages of Europe possession (and witchcraft) was considered just one out of several causes of @entity1032 . Astrological theories prevailed, in addition to the humoral theories of medicine. In addition distinctions were made between eccentricity, madness and religious visions and revelations. A large number of the alleged witches and possessed @entity1 who were burned probably had visible mental disturbances. Today's psychiatry does not refer symptoms of possession to any specific category, but usually classifies this as some kind of @entity716 disturbance of thought. Exorcism of evil spirits by Jesus Christ is described often in the Gospels. Possession was the only "available" concept for a bundle of @entity146 : dissociative states, @entity914 and @entity302 . To day, the terminology and "diagnostic" principles have been taken over by fundamentalistic groups, who practise exorcism on @entity1 with (probably) minor mental problems and symptoms. The author criticises this activity.

title: [Possessed! Some historical, XXXX and curent moments of demonic possession].

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'neuro-psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychoses']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the difference in the efficacy on the symptoms of @entity565 at the chronic persistent stage between acupoint heat-sensitive moxibustion and western medicine with @entity12444 . METHODS: Sixty-four cases were randomly divided into a heat-sensitive moxibustion group (32 cases) and a western medication group (32 cases). In the heat-sensitive moxibustion group, the sensitized points located between Feishu (BL 13) and Geshu (BL 17) or in the region 6-cun lateral from the 1st and the 2nd intercostal spaces of the chest were selected. The heat-sensitive moxibustion was adopted, continuously for 8 days, once per day. In the later 22 days of the 1st month, 12 treatments should be ensured. Two months later, 15 treatments should be guaranteed each month. The time of each treatment was 30 to 90 min. Totally 50 treatments were required. In the western medication group, @entity12444 inhaler was adopted, one inhalation each time, twice per day, for 3 months totally. The asthmatic symptoms were scored for the @entity1 in two groups and the comparison was made between the two groups. RESULTS: After 3 months of treatment, the asthmatic symptom scores were all improved for the @entity1 in the heat-sensitive moxibustion group and the western medication group as compared with those before treatment (both P < 0.05). In 6 months of follow-up visit, the asthmatic symptom scores in the heat-sensitive moxibustion group were stable, but those in the western medication group were reduced, there was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The acupoint heat-sensitive moxibustion effectively relieves the clinical symptoms for the @entity1 with @entity565 at the chronic persistent stage. Its efficacy is similar to that of @entity12444 inhaler. But the long-term efficacy of the heat-sensitive moxibustion is much better.

title: [Comparative study on effect of acupoint heat-sensitive moxibustion and @entity12444 on the symptoms of XXXX at chronic persistent stage].

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['bronchial asthma']


abstract: We studied 91 @entity1 with @entity2883 with @entity2883 (GPA; @entity2883 ) who were dealt with by otolaryngologists in Japan. The upper respiratory tract (URT) alone was involved in 56%. Regarding findings of @entity7134 -ANCA, histology and initial diagnosis, of the 40 @entity1 in whom sites other than the URT were involved, 64 and 73% were positive for @entity7134 -ANCA and histology, respectively. On the other hand, of 51 @entity1 in whom only the URT was involved, only 49 and 31% were positive for @entity7134 -ANCA and histology, respectively. With regard to diagnosis, definitive and probable diagnoses were made in 78 and 20%, respectively, of @entity1 involving sites other than the URT. On the other hand, definitive and probable diagnoses were made in only 22 and 37%, respectively, of @entity1 involving the URT alone; the Japanese diagnostic criteria were inapplicable to 41%. Of the 21 @entity1 to whom the diagnostic criteria were inapplicable, 13 (62%) developed additional symptoms and signs during the observation period, and they then fulfilled the Japanese diagnostic criteria. Among these @entity1 , 8 were MPO-ANCA-positive and 3 @entity1 had 2 or more sub-lesions in the URT. If the diagnostic criteria included cases with MPO-ANCA (  ) and 2 lesions in the URT, the diagnostic rates increased from 59 to 86% even though they were of limited form. Thus, about 60% of the @entity1 with URT symptoms alone did not satisfy the Japanese diagnostic criteria at the initial visit.

title: Clinical manifestations of @entity2883 with @entity2883 ( XXXX ) in the upper respiratory tract seen by otolaryngologists in Japan.

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ["Wegener's granulomatosis", 'polyangiitis', 'granulomatosis']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['Wegener's granulomatosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite the recent popularity of volar plating for dorsally displaced distal radius @entity174 there is a paucity of data documenting the results of this treatment method. The purpose of this study was to determine the functional outcome of @entity1 treated with volar fixed-angle plating for dorsally displaced, unstable distal radius @entity174 . METHODS: We reviewed the records of all @entity1 treated at our institution with internal fixation using volar plates for dorsally displaced, @entity9256 . @entity1 with follow-up periods shorter than 12 months were excluded from the study. Outcomes were evaluated at the latest follow-up examination with the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand and the Gartland and Werley scoring systems. RESULTS: We studied 41 @entity1 with a mean age of 53 years. The average follow-up period was 17 months. All @entity174 were stabilized with volar locking plates. Radiographs in the immediate postoperative period showed a mean radial height of 11 mm, mean radial inclination of 21 degrees , and mean volar tilt of 4 degrees. At @entity174 healing the mean radial height was 11 mm, mean radial inclination was 21 degrees, and mean volar tilt was 5 degrees. The average score on the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire was 14 and all @entity1 achieved excellent and good results on the Gartland and Werley scoring system, indicating minimal impairment in activities of daily living. Nine @entity1 experienced @entity260 . There were 4 instances of loss of reduction with @entity174 , 3 @entity1 required hardware removal for tendon irritation, 1 @entity1 developed a wound dehiscence, and 1 @entity1 had metacarpophalangeal joint stiffness. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with unstable, dorsally displaced @entity174 of the distal radius treated with volar fixed-angle devices have good or excellent functional outcomes despite a high complication rate. When compared with previous reports on dorsal plating volar plates appear to have a higher incidence of @entity174 but a lower rate of hardware-related complications. Complex @entity174 patterns thus mandate a careful and individualized approach. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, Level III.

title: Functional outcome and complications after volar plating for dorsally displaced, unstable XXXX of the distal radius.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9256 :: ('MESH:D018460', 'Disease') :: ['comminuted distal radius fractures']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'fracture collapse']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging features of @entity20392 ( @entity20392 ) of bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two radiologists retrospectively evaluated imaging findings of pathologically confirmed DFs in eight @entity1 . Involved sites and longitudinal location in long bones were evaluated using radiography and computed tomography (CT). At MRI, the presence of @entity258 ( @entity258 ), enhancement, cystic changes, and locations of the mass were evaluated. The location of masses was evaluated, based on cortical disruption and adjacent soft-tissue extension. RESULTS: Involved sites were the femur in three @entity1 , the tibia in two, and the humerus, fibula, and pubic bone in one each. Of the seven masses in the long bones, three were located in the epi- and metaphysis, two in the meta- and diaphysis, one in the diaphysis, and one in the epiphysis. Seven masses had areas of low T2-weighted or heterogeneous enhancement, and three (38%) showed cystic changes. cortical disruption was seen at MRI in six of eight @entity1 (88%). CONCLUSION: DFs contained cystic change. @entity952 may also occur, which may cause @entity911 with @entity5 .

title: Cystic changes in XXXX of bone: a new MRI finding.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesions']

entities_list: @entity20392 :: ('MESH:D018220', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic fibroma', 'DF']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['Cortical disruption']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low signal areas on T2-weighted images', 'low-T2']

answer: @entity20392 :: (MESH:D018220,Disease) :: ['desmoplastic fibroma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In some @entity1 with @entity991 ( @entity991 ), a localized, high-grade (dominant) stricture may be the principal cause of symptoms and @entity3638 . The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the beneficial effects and risk of @entity384 followed by stenting in @entity991 @entity1 with dominant strictures. METHODS: Charts from a group of 1009 @entity1 with @entity991 seen over 10 yr were reviewed to identify those @entity1 who had undergone endoscopic or percutaneous therapeutic intervention. Procedural and clinical data were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 71 @entity991 @entity1 , median age of 49 yr (range 18-78 yr) were identified. Thirty-four @entity1 were treated with @entity384 alone, and 37 @entity1 were treated with @entity384 plus stent placement. Stents were placed percutaneously (n = 19), endoscopically (n = 14), or using both interventions (n = 4). Both groups were comparable at baseline with regards to age, symptoms, and @entity648 level. The median duration of follow-up after intervention was similar in both groups. The number of intervention-related complications (30 vs 6, p = 0.001) as well as the incidence of @entity697 (p = 0.004) were more common in the stent group compared to the @entity384 group. There were more complications related to percutaneous stent placement than endoscopic placement (23 vs 7. p = 0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups with regards to improving @entity1448 . CONCLUSIONS: There was no additional obvious benefit from stenting after @entity384 in the treatment of dominant strictures in @entity991 @entity1 . Stenting was associated with more complications, and its role after dilation should be assessed in a randomized trial rather than being accepted as routinely indicated in this setting.

title: XXXX compared to stenting of dominant strictures in @entity991 .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation alone versus dilation', 'balloon dilation', 'endoscopic balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['PSC', 'primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['Balloon dilation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with essential @entity101 and/or @entity4346 and @entity943 suffer from an increased mortality rate. In all previous studies on @entity101 , the criterion for inclusion was diastolic blood pressure > 95 mmHg. This is a low selective threshold. Our study attempted to evaluate the incidence of @entity943 in @entity101 @entity1 not receiving pharmacological treatment and diagnosed by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), therefore using a more selective criterion than WHO guidelines. METHODS: Hundred-twenty-height consecutive @entity1 with @entity101 diagnosed on the basis of WHO guidelines were screened for 24-h ambulatory blood pressure measurement. Eighty-five (66.4%) presented a 24-h mean blood pressure > 135/85 mmHg. All 85 @entity1 were screened for M-mode, B-mode echocardiography, PW Doppler and 24-h ECG Holter recordings. RESULTS: Sixty @entity1 (70.6%) were affected by @entity4346 and 25 were free (29.4%). Thirty-six @entity1 (42.4%) had @entity1002 , 49 were free (57.6%). According to Lown and Wolf's classification of @entity943 , 20 @entity1 (23.5%) presented Grade I @entity943 , 5 (5.9%) presented Grade II, 4 (4.7%) Grade III, 9 (10.6%) @entity3480 , 20 (23.5%) Grade IVB, 12 (14.1%) Grade V and 15 @entity1 (17.6%) were free from @entity1540 , namely Grade 0 @entity943 . @entity4346 was found to correlate significantly with the @entity943 score, r = 0.552 for p < 0.0001. Moreover, @entity1002 correlated significantly with the @entity943 score, r = 0.495 for p < 0.0001. There was also a good correlation between @entity4346 and @entity1002 , r = 0.616 for p < 0.0001. Among @entity1 affected by @entity1002 and @entity4346 , the correlation with the @entity943 score was even closer, r = 0.586 for p < 0.0007. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that by using a more selective criterion for the diagnosis of @entity101 , we can identify @entity1 with a highly significant statistical correlation between @entity4346 and @entity943 score, and also between @entity67 and the @entity943 score, due to a more severe stage of disease. It is useful to detect those @entity1 affected by @entity943 for the primary prevention of major cardiovascular events.

title: @entity943 and XXXX in essential @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy', 'left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular complexes']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia', 'ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity4346 :: (MESH:D017379,Disease) :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) responds to various stresses by upregulation of ER chaperones, but prolonged ER stress eventually causes apoptosis. Although apoptosis is considered to be essential for the progression and @entity397 of @entity731 , the influence of ER stress and apoptosis on @entity397 of unstable coronary plaques remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: Coronary artery segments were obtained at autopsy from 71 @entity1 , and atherectomy specimens were obtained from 40 @entity1 . Smooth muscle cells and macrophages in the fibrous caps of thin-cap @entity1856 and @entity397 , but not in the fibrous caps of thick-cap @entity1856 and @entity82 , showed a marked increase of ER chaperone expression and apoptotic cells. ER chaperones also showed higher expression in atherectomy specimens from @entity1 with unstable @entity951 than in specimens from those with @entity5749 . Expression of @entity28458 was increased in the fibrous caps of thin-cap @entity1856 compared with thick-cap @entity1856 . Treatment of cultured coronary artery smooth muscle cells or THP-1 cells with @entity28458 induced upregulation of ER chaperones and apoptosis, whereas these changes were prevented by antioxidants. We also investigated possible signaling pathways for ER-initiated apoptosis and found that the @entity3726 (a transcription factor induced by ER stress)-dependent pathway was activated in unstable plaques. In addition, knockdown of @entity3726 expression by small interfering RNA decreased ER stress-dependent death of cultured coronary artery smooth muscle cells and THP-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Increased ER stress occurs in unstable plaques. Our findings suggest that ER stress-induced apoptosis of smooth muscle cells and macrophages may contribute to plaque vulnerability.

title: Increased endoplasmic reticulum stress in XXXX associated with acute coronary syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity28458 :: ('MESH:C003001', 'Chemical') :: ['7-ketocholesterol']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous plaques']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured plaques', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity45503 , an antisense oligonucleotide directed against @entity2071 , was effective in @entity134 refractory @entity30 in a pilot trial. The aim of this study was to investigate safety and efficacy of @entity45503 in @entity30 ( @entity30 ). METHODS: A dose-interval, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 75 @entity1 with @entity134 -refractory @entity30 ( @entity30 Activity Index [CDAI], 200-400). The primary endpoint was @entity134 -free remission (CDAI <150) at week 14. RESULTS: Only 2 of 60 (3.3%) @entity45503 -treated and no placebo @entity1 reached the primary endpoint. @entity134 -free remission at week 26 (secondary endpoint) was reached in 8 of 60 (13.3%) active treatment and 1 of 15 (6.7%) placebo @entity1 . A greater proportion of @entity45503 -treated than placebo @entity1 achieved a @entity134 dose <10 mg/day at weeks 14 and 26 (48.3% vs. 33.3% and 55.0% vs. 40.0%, respectively, and a glucocorticoid dose of 0 mg [ @entity229 equivalent] at week 26 [23.3% vs. 6.7%, respectively]). Treatment with @entity45503 was safe. The most common side effects were injection site reactions in the active treatment group (23% in @entity45503 -treated @entity1 vs. none in placebo @entity1 ). No statistically significant differences in the frequency of side effects were detected between dose groups. CONCLUSIONS: The trial did not prove clinical efficacy of @entity45503 based on the primary endpoint. Positive trends were observed in some of the secondary endpoints.

title: Absence of efficacy of subcutaneous antisense @entity2071 treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule 1']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's Disease", "chronic active Crohn's disease", 'CACD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['chronic active Crohn's disease']


abstract: Chronic antiarrhythmic therapy for the prevention of episodes of @entity4710 is limited by its elevated cost, the development of side effects and lack of @entity1 ' collaboration. In this study the efficacy and safety of a single oral dose of @entity3988 (180 mg) and @entity1169 (80 mg) were assessed. Eighteen episodes of @entity4710 were treated in 17 @entity1 , 9 female and 8 male, aged between 19 and 60 years old (mean 45.3 +/- 11.4). The episodes had begun 3 months to 40 years before. They were divided in 3 groups: group I (placebo), 6 episodes; group II ( @entity3988 - @entity1169 ), 12 episodes; and group III ( @entity1 from the placebo group without spontaneous recovery of sinus rhythm who were given active drug), 6 episodes. There were no spontaneous conversions in group I (placebo) within 80 minutes. In group II, ten out of 12 episodes responded to the combination after 38.8 +/- 20.8 minutes (seven episodes were converted to sinus rhythm within the first 45 minutes). In group III (non-responders to placebo who were subsequently given active drugs), four out of 6 episodes were suppressed after 50.7 +/- 16.7 minutes. The cycle of the @entity591 lengthened before conversion to sinus rhythm both in groups II and III. Neither systolic nor diastolic blood pressure changed significantly in any group. Seven out of 14 @entity1 who successfully converted to sinus rhythm in groups II and III, suffered mild to moderate sweat between 3 and 5 minutes before the end of the episodes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Treatment of @entity4710 with a single oral doses of XXXX and @entity1169 ].

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia', 'paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia']

answer: @entity3988 :: (MESH:D004110,Chemical) :: ['diltiazem']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Iris rubeosis and @entity2297 ( @entity2297 ) are serious complications of vitrectomy for proliferative @entity6 . The present study analyzes incidence and risk factors of these complications. METHODS: Preoperative and postoperative iris rubeosis were compared in 389 @entity6 after vitrectomy. Minimum follow-up was 6 months (median 26 months). Risk factors were studied using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Following vitrectomy, in 8.5% of the eyes @entity1539 rubeosis developed de novo; @entity2297 occurred in 5%. Significant risk factors for postoperative rubeosis were preexisting iris neovascularizations and postoperative @entity1713 . Six months after surgery, regression of preexisting iris rubeosis was observed in 57% of the eyes. In eyes without preoperative iris rubeosis, progression was found in 13% of cases 6 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: With current surgical techniques iris rubeosis is more commonly regressive than progressive after vitreous surgery in @entity6 .

title: Rubeosis iridis after vitrectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic eyes', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1539 :: ('MESH:D007499', 'Disease') :: ['stromal iris']

entities_list: @entity2297 :: ('MESH:D015355', 'Disease') :: ['NVG', 'neovascular glaucoma']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy']