abstract: Selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants are the mainstay treatment for the 10-20% of pregnant and postpartum @entity1 who suffer major @entity308 , but the effects of SSRIs on their @entity1 's developing brain and later emotional health are poorly understood. SSRI use during pregnancy can elicit antidepressant withdrawal in newborns and increase toddlers' @entity148 and social avoidance. In rodents, perinatal SSRI exposure increases adult @entity308 - and @entity148 -like behavior, although certain individuals are more vulnerable to these effects than others. Our study establishes a rodent model of individual differences in susceptibility to perinatal SSRI exposure, utilizing selectively bred Low Responder (bLR) and High Responder (bHR) @entity35 that were previously bred for high versus low behavioral response to novelty. Pregnant bHR/bLR females were chronically treated with the SSRI @entity903 (10mg/kg/day p.o.) to examine its effects on offspring's emotional behavior and gene expression in the developing brain. @entity903 treatment had minimal effect on bHR/bLR dams' pregnancy outcomes or maternal behavior. We found that bLR offspring, naturally prone to an inhibited/anxious temperament, were susceptible to @entity146 associated with perinatal SSRI exposure (which exacerbated their Forced Swim Test immobility), while high risk-taking bHR offspring were resistant. Microarray studies revealed robust perinatal SSRI-induced gene expression changes in the developing bLR hippocampus and amygdala (postnatal days 7-21), including transcripts involved in neurogenesis, synaptic vesicle components, and energy metabolism. These results highlight the bLR/bHR model as a useful tool to explore the neurobiology of individual differences in susceptibility to perinatal SSRI exposure.

title: Early-life exposure to the SSRI @entity903 exacerbates @entity308 -like behavior in XXXX / @entity308 -prone @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'women']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine', 'Paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: The factors regulating substance @entity10133 ) synthesis and quantity of transport in the sensory vagus nerve are unknown. To examine this issue @entity35 were administered ACTH or @entity2819 or subjected to adrenalectomy, and the quantity of peripherally directed transported SP was measured in those animals as an indication of neuropeptide synthesis. ACTH treatment (12 U/day, sc, for 14 days) resulted in significant adrenal @entity1184 and increased @entity2819 levels. The 24-h accumulation of SP proximal to ligature in the cervical vagus was significantly reduced [mean net proximal segment content: controls, 529 +/- 42 (+/- SEM) pg/3 mm segment; ACTH, 282 +/- 44]. The content in the unligated nerve, one sixth or less than that proximal to ligature, was not different in the two groups. In a separate experiment, ACTH (6 U/day for 14 days) had no effect compared to controls, whereas 16 U/day reduced transported SP. The content in the unligated nerve was again not different in the two groups. In the same experiment, @entity2819 (2.5 mg/100 g BW, sc, for 14 days) reduced the quantity of transported SP. Total protein content in proximal segments was reduced only in the @entity2819 group and was identical in all groups in unligated nerve. Adrenalectomy modestly increased transport by 20% and contralateral unligated nerve content by a similar percentage. The quantity of transported @entity1943 , another vagal neuropeptide partly derived from sensory cell bodies, was either increased or unaltered by the experimental manipulations. In summary, these studies demonstrate that the chronic administration of ACTH or @entity2819 significantly decreases the quantity of peripherally transported SP in the sensory vagus nerve and, presumably, synthesis within the vagal sensory ganglia. Down-regulation of synthesized/transported neuropeptide suggests a mechanism by which the ACTH-adrenal axis, acting through visceral sensory nerves, may modulate autonomic or central nervous system vagally mediated reflex arcs.

title: Adrenocorticotropin-adrenal regulation of transported substance P in the vagus nerve of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance among @entity328 is of concern. Up to 30% of pneumococcal isolates worldwide are multidrug resistant. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this analysis was to assess the effectiveness of @entity5136 for the treatment of @entity55 caused by @entity2260 , including multidrug-resistant @entity2260 (MDRSP). METHODS: Data from 7 Phase II and III clinical trials that assessed the efficacy of @entity5136 in community- or hospital-acquired @entity55 were pooled. Adults and @entity1 (aged  <=12 years) received @entity5136 600 mg and 10 mg/kg, respectively, IV or PO q12h for 7 to 14 days, with the exception of @entity1 with documented @entity2259 who could be treated for up to 28 days. @entity1 with a confirmed baseline isolate of @entity2260 , including MDRSP, were assessed for clinical and microbiological outcomes. MDRSP was defined as an isolated strain of @entity2260 that was resistant to >= 3 classes of antibiotics. Clinical cure was defined as the resolution of clinical signs and symptoms of @entity55 compared with baseline, with either improvement or absence of progression of abnormalities on chest radiography. Microbiological eradication was defined as documented or presumed eradication at the @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) visit. Results from @entity1 with indeterminate or missing outcomes at @entity1062 were not included in the analyses. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 with no @entity2259 and treated with @entity5136 , 19 adults had MDRSP and 165 had non-MDRSP, and 3 @entity1 had MDRSP and 7 had non-MDRSP. Clinical cure and microbiological eradication rates were not significantly different between those infected with an MDRSP or non-MDRSP pathogen, respectively, in adults (16/19 [84%] and 150/164 [91%]) and @entity1 (3/3 [100%] and 7/7 [100%]). CONCLUSION: @entity5136 was efficacious for the treatment of @entity55 caused by @entity2260 , including multidrug-resistant strains.

title: Combined retrospective analysis of seven phase II and III trials of the efficacy of @entity5136 in the treatment of @entity55 caused by multidrug-resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2260 :: ('2104', 'Species') :: ['S pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity5136 :: ('MESH:C098010', 'Chemical') :: ['linezolid', 'Linezolid']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: @entity1313 are rare. Clinically, they often result in @entity12377 , @entity1276 , and focal @entity51 . Fetal onset may result in @entity1266 and @entity2209 . Antenatal detection is becoming more common as the result of neuroimaging, and modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging can assist in narrowing the pathologic differential diagnoses. @entity44 and @entity816 appear to be the most common @entity5 . Amongst the latter, all grades and many subtypes are represented in the congenital time period, including the diffusely infiltrative forms of @entity816 . @entity3038 is currently considered a variant of @entity463 (i.e., @entity816 , World Health Organization grade IV) that exhibits genetically similar yet phenotypically separate histologic regions of high-grade @entity816 and @entity242 . Only rare instances of @entity3038 have been reported. We detail the case of a 1-day-old term male who presented with @entity12377 , @entity1276 , and signs of @entity428 . Pathology revealed evidence of a @entity3038 .

title: @entity3038 : detailed clinicopathologic documentation of a rare XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['classic gliosarcoma', 'Gliosarcoma', 'congenital gliosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity12377 :: ('MESH:C535812', 'Disease') :: ['macrocrania']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirth']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['congenital neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma', 'astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['Teratomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity73 ( @entity73 ) is a heterogeneous condition suggested as a prodromal state of @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and @entity1294 ( @entity1294 ). Recent findings suggest that @entity62 ( @entity62 ) may be associated with @entity194 . The objective of the study was to examine hippocampal and @entity62 volumes in @entity73 @entity1 and to examine if @entity62 were linked to @entity194 . METHODS: The Gothenburg @entity73 study is a clinically based longitudinal study with biennial clinical assessments. The @entity1 (n = 166) consist of 92 @entity1 with stable @entity73 , 30 @entity1 with converting @entity73 , and 44 healthy controls. @entity62 volumes was measured manually using MRIcron. @entity62 was performed using FreeSurfer. RESULTS: The @entity1 converting from @entity73 to @entity303 had reduced hippocampal volume. Stable @entity73 @entity1 had fewer @entity62 and converting @entity73 @entity1 had more @entity62 compared to controls. Hippocampal volume was only correlated to @entity62 volume (   = 0.57; p < 0.01) in the quartile (n = 42) with the most @entity62 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity194 is present in both @entity195 and @entity1294 . Hippocampal volume was associated with @entity62 volume only in the high @entity62 quartile, suggesting that the @entity62 volume must reach a threshold before @entity194 is seen.

title: High white matter lesion load is associated with XXXX in mild @entity73 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Mild cognitive impairment', 'MCI']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['SVD', 'subcortical vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal atrophy', 'Hippocampal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesions', 'Automated segmentation of hippocampal and total white matter volumes', 'WML']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['hippocampal atrophy']


abstract: The sites of gravity perception are columella cells in roots and endodermal cells in hypocotyls and inflorescence stems. Since plastids are likely to play a role in graviperception, we investigated gravitropism in plastid mutants of @entity958 . Previous studies have shown that the arc6 and arc12 (accumulation and replication of chloroplasts) mutants have an average of two large plastids per leaf mesophyll cell. In this study, we found that these arc mutants have altered plastid morphology throughout the entire plant body, including the cells involved in gravity perception. There were no major differences in total starch content per cell in endodermal and columella cells of the @entity164 ( @entity164 ) compared to arc6 and arc12 as assayed by @entity1496 staining. Thus, the total mass of plastids per cell in arc6 and arc12 is similar to their respective @entity164 strains. Results from time course of curvature studies demonstrated that the plastid mutation affected gravitropism only of inflorescence stems and hypocotyls, but not roots. Thus, roots appear to have different mechanisms of gravitropism compared to stems and hypocotyls. Time course of curvature studies with light-grown seedlings were performed in the presence of @entity11391 (Lat-B), an actin-depolymerizing drug. Lat-B promoted gravitropic curvature in hypocotyls of both the @entity164 and arc6 but had little or no effect on gravitropism in roots of both strains. These results suggest that F-actin is not required for hypocotyl gravitropism.

title: Reduced gravitropism in inflorescence stems and hypocotyls, but not roots, of XXXX mutants with large plastids.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity11391 :: ('MESH:C037068', 'Chemical') :: ['latrunculin B']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recent studies have shown the need to optimise the management of @entity1 after a first attack suggestive of @entity15 ( @entity15 ). Our aim is to determine whether the results from follow-ups in these studies are reproducible within a Spanish multi-centre context. @entity1 AND METHODS: The PREM study (observational prospective Spanish multi-centre study at 24 months) included @entity1 in the first three months following a first event suggestive of @entity15 with at least two typical lesions in a magnetic resonance scan. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was obtained and the presence of attacks was evaluated basally and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months; a magnetic resonance scan was performed basally and at 6 and 24 months so as to be able to calculate the brain volume and the volumes of the lesions (T1, T2 and T1 after administering @entity2287 ). McDonald and Poser criteria were evaluated during the follow-up. A subgroup of @entity1 was followed up for a total period of four years. RESULTS: Altogether 110 @entity1 (67% females) with a mean age of 30.2 years were included in the study; 22 @entity1 dropped out of the study before it finished. Poser criteria were met by 19% and 45% of @entity1 at 6 months and 24 months, respectively; 63% and 71% satisfied McDonald criteria. The EDSS decreased significantly (-0.94; p < 0.001) and development of @entity194 was observed (-1.2%; p < 0.001) at 24 months. CONCLUSIONS: Results of the follow-up of @entity1 with first attacks suggestive of @entity15 within a Spanish multi-centre context are wholly comparable with those from international clinical trials performed in these @entity1 .

title: [Spanish multi-centre observational study of the first attacks suggestive of XXXX : the PREM cohort].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: A covering letter and a questionnaire covering the diagnosis and treatment of @entity2743 in childhood was circulated between October 1992 and February 1993 amongst 672 European members of the European Thyroid Association (ETA) and members of the European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology (ESPE). Almost 50% replied to the letter and 99 individuals or groups from 22 countries completed the questionnaire. A consensus was reached on the use of total @entity1955 (T4) and/or free T4 and @entity7287 as routine diagnostic tools. Two-thirds included total @entity1954 (T3) and/or free T3 and 32% used a thyrotropin-releasing hormone test. Surprisingly, thyroglobulin autoantibodies were used as a routine test by 78%; 63% included @entity5010 antibodies and 60% microsomal antibodies, whereas only 50% measured thyroperoxidase antibodies. For thyroid imaging, 40% performed a thyroid scintigram and 56% measured the size of the thyroid gland by ultrasound. Antithyroid drugs (ATD) were the basic initial treatment of choice given by 99% of the respondents for @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity2743 . @entity5012 , @entity3937 and @entity3937 were the most frequently used drugs, with a median initial dose of 0.8 mg.kg-1.day-1. Two-thirds added beta-blockers and a few used sedatives. The ATD dose was adjusted for each @entity1 by 39%, whereas 56% combined ATD with T4 for long-term treatment; 84% gave treatment for a fixed period (44% for 1-2 years). Surgery was considered the treatment of choice in @entity1 with an @entity652 (83%), with a nodular (53%) or large @entity5651 (16%) and recurrence after ATD (14%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX in childhood. A European questionnaire study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3937 :: ('MESH:D008713', 'Chemical') :: ['methimazole', 'thiamazole']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease", 'thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity5012 :: ('MESH:D002231', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbimazole']

entities_list: @entity7287 :: ('MESH:D013972', 'Chemical') :: ['thyrotropin']

entities_list: @entity5010 :: ('7253', 'Gene') :: ['thyrotropin receptor']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['thyrotoxicosis']


abstract: Eating breakfast may reduce appetite, body weight and CVD risk factors, but the breakfast type that produces the greatest health benefits remains unclear. We compared the effects of consuming a high-fibre breakfast, a non-fibre breakfast, or no-breakfast control on body weight, CVD risk factors and appetite. A total of thirty-six overweight @entity1 (eighteen @entity1 and eighteen @entity1 ) (mean age 33  9 (sd 7  5) years, mean BMI 32  8 (sd 4  7) kg/m(2)) were randomly assigned to consume oat porridge (n  =  12), frosted cornflakes (n  =  12) or a water control (n  =  12) breakfast daily for 4 weeks. Appetite ratings were collected on the first day and weekly thereafter. Before and after the intervention, body weight, composition, blood pressure and resting energy expenditure (REE) were measured and a fasting blood sample was collected. Across the 4 weeks, fullness was higher and hunger was lower in the oat porridge group compared with the control group (P  <  0  05). Mean weight change over the intervention was significantly different in the control group (-1  18 (sd 1  16) kg) compared with both the cornflakes (-0  12 (sd 1  34) kg) and oat porridge (+0  26 (sd 0  91) kg) groups (P  <  0  05). However, the control group also showed elevated total @entity165 concentrations relative to the cornflakes and oat porridge groups (P  <  0  05). There were no differences between groups in changes in body composition, blood pressure, REE or other CVD risk factors. In conclusion, although skipping breakfast led to weight loss, it also resulted in increased total @entity165 concentrations compared with eating either oat porridge or frosted cornflakes for breakfast.

title: Skipping breakfast leads to weight loss but also elevated XXXX compared with consuming daily breakfasts of oat porridge or frosted cornflakes in overweight individuals: a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mechanisms by which lipid lowering reduces the incidence of acute @entity715 of @entity301 in clinical trials remains unknown. Tissue factor (TF) overexpressed in @entity1856 may accelerate @entity715 formation at the sites of @entity952 . A cell surface cytokine @entity1857 ( @entity1857 ) enhances TF expression in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS: To test the hypothesis that lipid lowering reduces TF expression and activity, we produced @entity1856 in @entity95 aortas by @entity130 and @entity165 feeding for 4 months (Baseline group, n=15), followed by either a chow diet (Low group, n=10) or a continued high- @entity165 diet for 16 months (High group, n=5). Immunolocalization of TF, @entity1857 , and its receptor @entity1858 was quantified by computer-assisted color image analysis. Macrophages in @entity1856 of the Baseline and High groups strongly expressed TF. Intimal smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells also contained immunoreactive TF. Regions of expression of @entity1857 and @entity1858 colocalized with TF. Protein expression of TF diminished substantially in the Low group in association with reduced expression of @entity1857 and @entity1858 . In situ binding of TF to factors VIIa and X, detected by @entity1859 -labeled factors VIIa and X, colocalized with TF protein in @entity1856 and decreased after lipid lowering. We also determined reduced TF biological activity in the Low group by use of a chromogenic assay. The level of TF mRNA detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction also decreased after lipid lowering. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest decreased expression and activity of TF as a novel mechanism of reduced incidence of @entity715 of @entity731 by lipid lowering.

title: Dietary lipid lowering reduces tissue factor expression in @entity95 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atheroma']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1859 :: ('MESH:D004076', 'Chemical') :: ['digoxigenin']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['plaque disruption']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic complications', 'thrombus']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['balloon injury']

answer: @entity1856 :: (MESH:D058226,Disease) :: ['atheroma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) represents a new therapy in @entity1 with intractable @entity391 and @entity390 . We aimed to determine preoperative factors associated with positive response during GES. Thirty-three consecutive @entity1 received implants for medically refractory @entity390 or @entity391 or both. STUDY DESIGN: Symptoms, Quality of Life (QOL), and gastric emptying (GE) were monitored before and 6 months after implantation. Compared with baseline, dyspeptic symptoms including @entity1209 , and QOL all improved at 6 months, yielding a significant @entity1017 while the GE rate remained unchanged. Twenty-four @entity1 reported improvement; nine remained unimproved at 6 months. RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, baseline QOL and appetite alterations were predictive of improvement; previous history of gastric surgery was associated with failure. Surprisingly, @entity1 with initial delayed GE (21 of 33) displayed similar improvement compared with @entity1 with normal GE. Likewise, basal GE was not found to be predictive of positive outcomes, QOL, or symptoms improvement. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with severe symptoms and altered QOL at inclusion particularly benefit from GES; delay in GE is not predictive of positive outcomes. This suggests that indication for GES should be based on clinical settings rather than initial GE, and then possibly extended to @entity1 with normal GE.

title: Gastric electrical stimulation in intractable XXXX : assessment of predictive factors of favorable outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity1209 :: (MESH:D020250,Disease) :: ['nausea and vomiting']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of the combination, @entity3027 ( @entity3027 )- @entity1862 (HU) in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: A prospective study was started in 1988 in which 30 @entity1 with chronic phase, low-risk @entity1860 , according to Kantarjian's staging system, were included. They were treated with @entity3027 at a dose of 5 MU/m2 subcutaneously twice a week plus HU in doses between 0.5 and 3 g/m2/day. The clinic and biologic controls performed twice a month included granulocyte alkaline phosphatase, and cytogenetic studies of bone-marrow and peripheral blood were carry out every third month. The quality and duration of haematologic and cytogenetic remissions were evaluated, along with the untoward effect of the treatment. Survival was estimated in accordance to the Kaplan Meier method. RESULTS: The mean age was 49 years (range: 17-70) and the M/F ratio was 18/12. The median follow-up was 51 months (range: 8-89). Twenty @entity1 were in early- and four late-chronic phase. @entity8168 ( @entity8168 ) was achieved in 26 @entity1 (87%) with a median of 52 months and an estimated global median survival of 81 months. Cytogenetic response was seen in 11 @entity1 (52%) of the 21 who were evaluable after 11 months of treatment. Disappearance of Ph' (complete cytogenetic response) was seen in 6 cases (28%). The incidence of early @entity9638 in the first three years was, respectively, 0%, 3% and 6%. The treatment @entity137 was negligible in most cases, having to suppress the treatment only in one @entity1 due to persistent @entity221 . CONCLUSIONS: The association of @entity3027 and HU is effective and well tolerated in @entity1 with low-risk CML, and it improves survival in @entity8168 and overall survival.

title: [Treatment of @entity1860 using XXXX and hydroxyurea. Study of 30 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity9638 :: ('MESH:D001752', 'Disease') :: ['blast crisis']

entities_list: @entity8168 :: ('MESH:D012075', 'Disease') :: ['Complete haematological remission', 'CHR']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ["Ph'-CML", 'Philadelphia positive chronic myelogenous leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity3027 :: ('3439', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-interferon', 'IFN']

answer: @entity3027 :: (3439,Gene) :: ['alpha-interferon']


abstract: The adult @entity649 was induced in @entity1707 (n = 11) by a continuous infusion of @entity526 endotoxin in order to evaluate the use of radiographic videodensitometry and chest radiography for assessment of pulmonary circulation and @entity4 . A further aim was to determine the effect of an ionic contrast medium, Urografin 60%, on extravascular lung water (EVLW). The infusion resulted in a decline in arterial @entity26 tension. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure increased, and cardiac output decreased, resulting in a marked rise in pulmonary vascular resistance. EVLW increased moderately. The corresponding variables in control animals (saline infusion; n = 5) changed very little. Good correlations were found (r = 0.87-1.0) between absolute flows as measured by the thermodilution technique and relative flows as determined by videodensitometry in animals with @entity358 . In the endotoxin group there was a significant correlation (r = 0.75) between the change in EVLW from baseline to the final measurement (at 6 hours) and the corresponding change in radiographic density. Radiographic signs of @entity358 were sparse. Only 3 of 11 animals displayed increased radiographic density of the lung parenchyma indicative of @entity4 . Pleural effusion developed in 4 animals. Injection of Urografin 60%, 1 ml X kg-1, caused a slight but significant decrease in EVLW. We propose that at this concentration and dosage the contrast medium acts mainly as an osmotic diuretic.

title: Videodensitometry and chest radiography in the evaluation of pulmonary blood flow and @entity4 in a porcine model of early adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary oedema']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary damage']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The identification of special types of @entity0 might be of value in assessing prognosis and predicting response to therapy. METHODS: A total of 7372 consecutive @entity1 with immunohistochemically defined luminal invasive @entity0 operated at the European Institute of Oncology between 1997 and 2005 were included. We then explored patterns of recurrence by histological type. Median follow-up was 5.8 years. RESULTS: Tumors from 5707 @entity1 were classified as @entity3 ( @entity3 ) not otherwise specified (NOS), 851 lobular, 338 mixed ductal and lobular, 250 cribriform, 143 mucinous and 83 @entity420 . Compared with @entity3 NOS disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly longer in @entity1 with @entity5 [5-year DFS 97.9% versus 87.4%; hazard ratio (HR) = 0.48; P = 0.015) and in pooled cribriform plus @entity420 (5-year DFS 98.7% versus 87.4%; HR = 0.45; P = 0.005). @entity5 presented similar DFS if compared with @entity3 (5-year DFS 93 % versus 87.4%; HR = 1.03; P = 0.91). Conversely, DFS was poorer for @entity1 with @entity1137 (5-year DFS 86.8% versus 87.4%; HR = 1.27; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of tubular, cribriform and @entity1137 carry distinct prognostic implications. The identification of these special types has a significant @entity0 and should be considered in therapeutic algorithms.

title: Outcome of special types of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['lobular carcinomas', 'lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['utility in luminal breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cribriform tumors', 'Mucinous tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal cancer', 'IDC']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['tubular carcinomas']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['luminal breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the quality of life (QOL) of @entity725 ( @entity725 ) @entity1 attending a tertiary eye institution in Lagos, Nigeria and identify clinical and sociodemographic factors affecting it. METHODS: A hospital-based cross-sectional analytical study design was used to compare 132 @entity1 with varying degrees of severity of @entity726 (cases) with age-matched and sex-matched controls with essentially normal eyes and no family history of @entity726 . RESULTS: @entity725 @entity1 had reduced QOL as defined by the 2 instruments used: the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire25 (NEIVFQ25) and the 15-item @entity726 Quality of life Questionnaire (GQL-15). The mean QOL score obtained with the NEIVFQ25 for the cases was 85.2 (  16.07) and 96.7 (  2.34) for the controls. Using the GQL-15 scale, the mean QOL score for the cases was 24.07 (  12.4), whereas for the controls the score was 15.75 (  1.85). Early or mild @entity726 was associated with reduced QOL compared with the controls. @entity726 @entity1 had the greatest difficulty with glare and dark adaptation subscale of the GQL-15. Increasing severity of disease defined by increasing @entity227 (mean deviation values) correlated significantly with worsening QOL [Spearman    (r) values ranging from 0.32 to 0.43]. Contrast sensitivity correlated moderately with QOL (r ranges from 0.43 to 0.47; P=0.001). Cup-to-disc ratios, @entity227 (mean deviation) correlated with QOL scores of both tools with r values ranging from 0.28 to 0.49 for the GQL-15 and 0.38 to 0.54 for the NEIVFQ25. Age had a negative impact on QOL (r=-0.30 for the NEIVFQ25 and 0.30 for the GQL-15) and affected all the subscales of the GQL-15 and most subscales of the NEIVFQ25 except @entity3856 (P=0.40), mental health (P=0.13), color vision (P=0.05), and role difficulty (P=0.11). @entity1 generally had better vision-related QOL scores (P=0.001 for the NEIVFQ25 and 0.005 for the GQL-15). Higher educational status was associated with better QOL scores (P<0.05). Ethnicity, religion, marital status, and living situation had no significant effect on QOL scores. CONCLUSIONS: @entity725 reduces QOL even in the early stages of the disease, as there was a significant reduction in the QOL of @entity1 with mild @entity726 compared with the controls. It showed a clear trend of worsening QOL scores with increasing severity of disease. The correlation observed between QOL scores and objective measures of visual function suggest that inclusion of QOL assessment in clinical practice could be highly informative and should be explored further.

title: Quality of life of XXXX @entity1 in lagos, Nigeria: clinical and sociodemographic correlates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['POAG', 'primary open angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field deficit', 'visual acuity, and visual field indices']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity3856 :: ('MESH:D058447', 'Disease') :: ['ocular pain']

answer: @entity725 :: (MESH:C562750,Disease) :: ['primary open angle glaucoma']


abstract: Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MeSCs) isolated from @entity1 bone marrow are capable of generating neural stem cell (NSC)-like cells that can be subsequently differentiated into cells expressing molecular markers for neurons. Here we report that these neuron-like cells had functional properties similar to those of brain-derived neurons. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and @entity460 imaging experiments were performed on neuron-like cells differentiated from bone-marrow-derived NSC-like cells. The neuron-like cells were subjected to current pulses to determine if they were capable of generating depolarization-induced action potentials. We found that nearly all of the cells with neuron-like morphology exhibited active membrane properties in response to the depolarizing pulses. The most common response was a single spike-like event with an overshoot and brief afterhyperpolarization. Cells that did not generate overshooting spike-like events usually displayed rectifying current-voltage relationships. The prevalence of these active membrane properties in response to the depolarizing current pulses suggested that the @entity1 MeSCs (hMeSCs) were capable of converting to a neural lineage under defined culture conditions. The spike-like events were blocked by the voltage-gated @entity1372 channel inhibitor @entity3303 , but unaffected by another @entity1372 channel inhibitor @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ). In @entity460 imaging experiments, the neuron-like cells responded to @entity4337 depolarization and @entity8854 application with increases in the cytoplasmic @entity460 levels. Thus, the neuron-like cells appeared to express @entity4524 -resistant voltage-gated @entity1372 channels, voltage-gated @entity460 channels, and functional l- @entity2227 receptors. These results demonstrate that hMeSCs were capable of generating cells with characteristics typical of functional neurons that may prove useful for neuroreplacement therapies.

title: Membrane properties of neuron-like cells generated from adult XXXX bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

entities_list: @entity8854 :: ('CHEBI:29985', 'Chemical') :: ['l-glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chloride']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: This paper examines the gender roles linked to division of labor and potential exposure to mosquitos and @entity311 prevention activities. A " @entity1 Development Initiative" (HDI) Project has been launched in Laputta, a mangrove delta region of Myanmar assisted by United Nations Development Program since 1994. The project aims to improve rural community access to primary health care and provide micro-credit programs, income generation schemes, and educational opportunities as a basis for community empowerment. @entity1 and @entity1 of low-income households are the target beneficiaries. Prior to self-care training program and distribution of self-care manuals, altogether 20 focus group discussions (separately assigned to @entity1 and @entity1 ) were conducted in eight study villages between January to February 2000. The primary vector for @entity311 in study area is Anopheles sundaicus. Rural @entity1 were prone to @entity311 due to exposure to mosquitos within the peak biting period at night because of their gender assigned roles. Both @entity1 and @entity1 perceived that mosquitos commonly bite before midnight, more at dusk. Lack of awareness of correlation between mosquitos and @entity311 together with lack of affordability enhance either non-use or shared use of bed-nets at home. Rural @entity1 did not consider destruction of breeding places of mosquitos as their major concern. Thus, it is essential for program planners to motivate local @entity1 for more active participation in vector control measures within and beyond their households in the context of community development programs.

title: Gender, mosquitos and XXXX : implications for community development programs in Laputta, Myanmar.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Women', 'Human', 'men']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Mutations in the 12S rRNA gene have been associated with @entity4028 -induced @entity2167 . Our objective was to study the relationship of these mutations in neonates, duration of @entity4028 exposure, and other known risk factors to the presence of @entity393 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective case-cohort study. SETTING: Three neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Cincinnati, OH. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We studied a population of premature, low-birth-weight (< 2500 g) @entity1 admitted to one of three ICUs. Demographic, genetic, clinical, and audiometric data were collected, and the prevalence of 12S rRNA mutations was calculated. RESULTS: Of the 436 @entity1 enrolled in the study, 378 were exposed to @entity801 during their ICU stay. Mutations in the 12S rRNA gene were identified in four @entity1 (0.9%), all of whom received @entity801 . Of the cohort, 256 @entity1 (60%) received a complete audiometric assessment; 39 failed their initial hearing assessment. Only one of these @entity1 had a 12S rRNA mutation. Of these 39 @entity1 , the mean birth weight (1645 g vs 1306 g) was significantly less than the birth weight of those @entity1 who passed their initial hearing screening. Definitive hearing assessment for those who failed showed no significant differences, however. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of 12S rRNA mutations related to @entity4028 @entity2167 in our study population was approximately one percent. Most @entity1 with this mutation and @entity4028 exposure showed no evidence of @entity393 . Low birth weight was one risk factor related to the presence of failing a hearing assessment.

title: Genetic mutations and @entity4028 -induced XXXX in neonates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity2167 :: (MESH:D006311,Disease) :: ['ototoxicity']


abstract: Background: Microscopic vascular invasion (MVI) in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) has been reported to be a strong predictor of poor outcomes, but it has not been a descriptor of the TNM classification. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the presence of MVI is related to a predictor of poor outcomes and to explore the degree of MVI according to @entity5 size. Methods: A total of 1884 @entity1 with pT1-4N0-2 @entity1149 who underwent complete resection comprised the study sample. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and recurrence-free proportion (RFP) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess independent predictors of poor outcomes. Results: Of 1884 @entity1 , 1097 (58.2%) had MVI. Multivariate analysis showed MVI was a significant independent predictor of unfavorable @entity1349 (HR, 1.666; p<0.001) and recurrence (HR, 2.268; p<0.001). The frequency of MVI varied according to @entity5 size, and in each cohort of @entity5 sizes < 2cm, >2cm-3cm, and >3cm-5cm, there were significant differences in survival outcome by MVI status. The proportions of @entity1 with a 5-year recurrence-free period with @entity5 sizes < 2cm, >2cm-3cm, >3cm-5cm between MVI (+) and MVI (-) were 93.0% and 72.5% (p<0.001), 90.8% and 63.3% (p<0.001), and 86.4% and 59.9% (p<0.001), respectively. Conclusions: This study demonstrated MVI was a strong predictor of poor outcomes and the effect is more prominent in @entity1 with @entity5 sizes < 5cm. Further analysis of survival and MVI should be collected for future revision of the TNM system.

title: The frequency and prognostic impact of pathological microscopic vascular invasion according to XXXX size in @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Accumulation of @entity527 comprising Abeta and neurofibrillary tangles is a major hallmark in the brain of @entity195 @entity1 . Ample evidence has shown that @entity32 and reactive @entity26 species (ROS) increase in the @entity195 @entity1 's brain. However, the pathogenesis of @entity195 is unclear. Some risk factors of @entity195 include age, sex, genetics, and @entity102 . Epidemiological studies have suggested that the levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are enhanced in @entity1 with @entity6 and during the aging process. At the same time, evidence indicates a moderately increased risk of development of @entity195 in @entity6 @entity1 . AGEs may play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity195 . In this study, we proposed that @entity477 ( @entity477 ) expression was regulated by AGEs. Our data showed that @entity477 was up-regulated by AGEs in vitro and in vivo, and pretreatment of cells with an ROS inhibitor ( @entity898 ) blocked the effects of AGEs. In conditioned medium, the level of Abeta(1-42) increased after AGE treatment. Furthermore, the combination of AGEs and aggregated Abeta(1-42) increased ROS production and decreased cell viability. We suggest that AGEs participate in @entity195 development and are an important risk factor in the pathogenesis of @entity195 .

title: Advanced glycation end products enhance XXXX expression by inducing reactive @entity26 species.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['senile plaques']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl-L-cysteine']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity477 :: ('351', 'Gene') :: ['APP', 'amyloid precursor protein']

answer: @entity477 :: (351,Gene) :: ['amyloid precursor protein']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Computed tomography (CT) scan and X-ray study on consolidation time of C2 neural arch @entity174 treated conservatively were examined. METHODS: A prospective study was undertaken: 28 conservatively treated @entity174 of the neural arch of the @entity2270 (11 hanged- @entity1 type I, 5 type II, and 12 miscellaneous @entity174 ) were monitored during the period of orthosis by means of CT scan and plain X-rays performed on admission, and then at intervals between 2 and 120 days afterward. In @entity1 treated with a halo vest (20 cases), a CT scan of the skull was performed to make sure that the pins were correctly positioned and to evaluate the osteolytic processes at the pin-bone interface. RESULTS: Two @entity1 died as a result of other severe @entity1545 , and the remaining 26 @entity174 healed in an average time of 109 days (range 90-120). The process of bone consolidation was documented in detail by CT, which showed how the newly formed osteofibrous tissue (iso-hypodense) progressively filled the interfragmentary space. In 2 cases of cranial pin loosening, CT demonstrated an osteolytic rim at the interface, which prompted early removal of the halo system. At clinical follow-up (mean 32 months; range 24-84), functional status was evaluated: all of the @entity1 were neurologically intact with the exception of one, who presented with persistent @entity809 . The most frequent disturbance was cervical @entity158 (12 cases, 46%). CONCLUSIONS: CT with two- and three-dimensional reconstructed images has been shown to be the most reliable method for clarifying the evolution of bone consolidation and to show any osteolytic processes at the pin-bone interface during halo vest immobilization. Follow-up results of our series suggest that surgical treatment would not have improved the quality of life in these @entity1 .

title: Conservative treatment of neural arch XXXX of the @entity2270 : computed tomography scan and X-ray study on consolidation time.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain or thoracoabdominal injuries']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesias']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate, compare and improve quality of care for @entity1 with @entity0 at the institution and population level requires a standard set of core measures. We performed a population-based cohort study to examine the association between hospital volume and @entity0 core measures compliance in Taiwan. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan. All @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity0 between 2007 and 2011 were selected. Hospitals were divided into quartiles of hospital volume based on the total number of @entity0 surgery performed from 2007 to 2011. The core measure set that evaluates the quality of care for @entity0 included one preoperation and nine treatment-related indicators. RESULTS: Our final study population included 38   943 @entity1 from 74 hospitals. An increase in hospital volume was associated with better core measures compliance as indicated by higher adherence rates. As compared with the lower quartiles (quartiles 1/2/3) of hospital volume, quartile 4 (high volume) showed significantly higher adherence rate in two indicators measured ("percentage of @entity0 @entity1 whose diagnoses were histologically and cytologically confirmed before surgery" and "percentage of stage 1 and 2 @entity1 with sentinel node sampling performed," P   =   0.011 and 0.016, respectively). An increasing trend in compliance for "percentage of stage 1 @entity1 who underwent breast conserving surgery" was observed in high-volume but not low-volume hospitals (P   <   0.001). CONCLUSION: This institution and population-based study showed a certain degree of variation to core measures compliance among hospitals. In some aspects of pre- and postoperative care, high-volume hospitals demonstrated higher and more improved quality as supported by increased adherence rates. Further research is needed to determine whether better core measures compliance would result in better outcomes.

title: XXXX quality of care in Taiwan in relation to hospital volume: a population-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: Strain gauge @entity432 plethysmography was used to measure arterial flow, venous capacity and maximum venous outflow in the @entity291 of seven @entity1 undergoing gynaecological surgery. Plethysmography was performed before surgery, before, and for 30 min after, the extradural injection of 0.5% @entity1341 . On the morning after surgery, 0.5% @entity1341 was injected extradurally and plethysmography performed. With regression of the extradural blockade and the re-emergence of @entity158 , @entity1337 was produced with @entity4521 i.v. and plethysmography repeated. Control measurements were also made. Compared with a mean control value of 100% (3.4 ml dl-1 min-1) @entity291 arterial flow increased from 160% to 285% after the preoperative extradural blockade, and from 123% to 191% following the postoperative analgesic extradural blockade, but there was no significant change when @entity158 was relieved after i.v. @entity4521 . Mean arterial pressure changed insignificantly after all the injections. No significant changes were measured in venous capacity or maximum venous outflow.

title: Effect of extradural @entity1341 or i.v. @entity4521 on XXXX blood flow in @entity1 after surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4521 :: ('MESH:D003932', 'Chemical') :: ['diamorphine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusion']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calf']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In a developing @entity1 corpus luteum, a closely regulated cellular communication system exists between the luteal steroidogenic cells and endothelial cells. This system guaranties the vascularization process during luteal formation. The process is combined with rapid release of large amounts of @entity1420 into the bloodstream. The regulation of endothelial proliferation and permeability by LH and @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity3566 ) is integral to this process. On the cellular level, endothelial permeability is regulated by intercellular junctions, such as adherens junctions (AJ) and tight junctions (TJ), which act as zipper-like structures between interacting endothelial cells. Several cell junctional proteins are localized to the corpus luteum, including @entity11177 , Nectin 2, @entity3670 , and @entity15185 , as well as, @entity3545 . It has been assumed that regulation of AJ- and TJ-proteins is of particular importance for permeability, and accordingly, for the functionality of the corpus luteum in early pregnancy, because treatment with @entity3566 induces downregulation of juntional proteins in the luteal vessels. The effect of @entity3566 on the adhesive molecules is mediated by @entity7 ( @entity7 ). On a functional level, the @entity3566 -dependent and @entity7 -mediated decrease in junctional proteins causes a decrease in the density of cell-cell closure and, accordingly, an increase in endothelial permeability. In doing so, the different junctional proteins are not only directly influenced by @entity7 but also interact among themselves and influence each other reciprocally. Disturbances in this strictly, regulated interactions may explain the development of pathologies with increased vascular permeability, such as the @entity43 .

title: Regulation of endothelial permeability in the primate corpora lutea: implications for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3545 :: ('1003', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial (VE)-Cadherin']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VE growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of grade III, IV supination-eversion @entity174 of @entity3681 between manipulative treatment and operative treatment. METHODS: From September 2007 to December 2008, the clinical data of 60 @entity1 with grade III, IV supination-eversion @entity174 of @entity3681 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 32 males and 28 females, ranging in age from 18 to 70 years with an average age of 38.17 years. All @entity1 were respectively treated with manipulative treatment (conservative group, 30 cases) and operative treatment (operative group, 30 cases). The joint function was compared with Mazur standard; the reduction and shifting of @entity174 were observed with X-ray; the hospitalization day and the therapeutic cost were compared between two groups. RESULTS: All @entity1 were followed up with an average of 15.27 months (ranged, 6 to 25 months). In conservative group, 16 cases got excellent result in joint function, 10 good, 3 fair, 1 poor; in operative group, 20 cases got excellent result, 8 good, 2 fair, 0 poor. In conservative group in the X-ray showed 25 cases obtained excellent and good reduction, 4 fair, 1 poor; and in operative group in the X-ray showed 28 cases obtained excellent and good reduction, 2 fair, 0 poor. There was no significant difference at the joint function and X-ray film after treatment between two groups (P > 0.05). The hospital day was respectively (7.87 +/- 3.34), (17.37 +/- 4.64) d in conservative group and operative group; and the therapeutic cost was respectively (2 506.67 +/- 649.10), (11 473.33 +/- 1 564.90) yuan. There was significant difference at hospital day and therapeutic cost between two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Conservative treatment and operative treatment can both reach a very good result in treating grade III, IV supination-eversion @entity174 and dislocations of @entity3681 . However, conservative treatment has advantage of high safety factor, low therapeutic cost, can reduce medical costs for @entity1 .

title: [Case control study of XXXX of @entity3681 with conservative and operative treatment].

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fractures-dislocations']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle joint']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures-dislocations']


abstract: A rare case of @entity1822 diagnosed with the aid of immunohistochemical and electron microscopic examinations together with a review of the literature are reported. The @entity1 was a 70-year-old Japanese @entity1 . The primary @entity5 involved the maxillary gingiva and bone and metastasized to the cervical lymph nodes. On histologic examination the @entity5 showed invasive growth into the maxillary bone. It was composed of interlacing fascicles of spindle-shaped cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and elongated, blunt-ended nuclei. The @entity5 formed extensive metastatic foci in the cervical lymph nodes. On immunohistochemical examination most of the @entity5 cells were positive for @entity2283 , smooth muscle-specific actin, and @entity3999 . The ultrastructural characteristics of the @entity5 cells were abundant microfilaments, pinocytotic vesicles, and basement membrane formation. The findings were indicative of a @entity5 demonstrating myogenic differentiation. A review of the literature during the past 50 years disclosed a total of 60 @entity1822 , including our case.

title: XXXX of the maxilla with regional lymph node metastasis. Report of a case and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['oral leiomyosarcomas', 'oral leiomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['Primary leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The INT0116 study has established postoperative chemoradiotherapy as the standard of care for completely resected @entity356 . However, the optimal chemoradiation regimen remains to be defined. We conducted a prospective, multicenter study to evaluate an alternative chemoradiation regimen that combines more current systemic treatment with modern techniques of radiotherapy delivery. METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1 with @entity420 who had undergone an R0 resection were eligible. Adjuvant therapy consisted of one cycle of @entity1259 , @entity900 , and @entity1487 (ECF), followed by radiotherapy with concurrent infusional @entity1487 , and then two additional cycles of ECF. Radiotherapy was delivered using precisely defined, multiple-field, three-dimensional conformal techniques. RESULTS: A total of 54 assessable @entity1 were enrolled from 19 institutions. The proportion of @entity1 commencing Cycles 1, 2, and 3 of ECF chemotherapy were 100%, 81%, and 67% respectively. In all, 94% of @entity1 who received radiotherapy completed treatment as planned. Grade 3/4 @entity1398 occurred in 66% of @entity1 with 7.4% developing @entity1398 . Most @entity1398 episodes (83%) occurred in the post-radiotherapy period during cycles 2 and 3 of ECF. Grade 3/4 gastrointestinal @entity137 occurred in 28% of @entity1 . In all, 35% of radiotherapy treatment plans contained protocol deviations that were satisfactorily amended before commencement of treatment. At median follow-up of 36 months, the 3-year overall survival rate was estimated at 61.6%. CONCLUSIONS: This adjuvant regimen using ECF before and after three-dimensional conformal chemoradiation is feasible and can be safely delivered in a cooperative group setting. A regimen similar to this is currently being compared with the INT0116 regimen in a National @entity5 Institute-sponsored, randomized Phase III trial.

title: Adjuvant chemoradiation for @entity356 using @entity1259 , @entity900 , and XXXX before and after three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy with concurrent infusional @entity1487 : a multicenter study of the Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'neutropenic', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the stomach']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: Consanguinity is known to increase the burden of @entity74 among offspring. However, the effect of consanguinity on a @entity74 like @entity565 has not been studied previously. Therefore, we explored this relationship by studying the @entity565 prevalence in @entity1 between 6 and 14 years of age among the local Arab families of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) where consanguinity is known to be highly prevalent. A total of 1136 @entity1 from 295 families met our inclusion criteria. The prevalence of @entity565 was higher among @entity1 in consanguineous families (43.3%) compared to non-consanguineous (22.6%, p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between the degree of consanguinity and the number of asthmatic @entity1 per family (p = 0.0002). @entity1 from consanguineous families had proportionately more @entity565 (42.9%, p < 0.001) compared to @entity1 (23.1%, p = 0.539). Paternal @entity565 in consanguineous families increased @entity565 risk for both @entity1 and @entity1 (p = 0.021 for @entity1 , p < 0.001 for @entity1 ), while maternal @entity565 had no significant impact on @entity565 in offspring. Prevalence of @entity565 was significantly higher in consanguineous families. The significant @entity565 predictors for @entity1 from the consanguineous families were the degree of consanguinity and paternal @entity565 . The only predictor for @entity1 was paternal @entity565 . These interesting observations merit further studies on both larger samples and in other consanguineous communities for confirmation.

title: Paternal @entity565 is a predictor for XXXX in the consanguineous families from the United Arab Emirates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys', 'Girls']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['childhood asthma', 'asthma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorders', 'complex disorder']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['childhood asthma']


abstract: A first group of 51 @entity1 with pure or predominant @entity4794 underwent M-mode (M) and two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography and cardiac catheterization (cath). After elimination of 3 incomplete cases, the series consists of 48 @entity1 . 20 later underwent surgery. Quantitative correlations between M and cath are poor (r = 0.34, p less than 0.05); however, correlations between 2D and cath were excellent (r = 0.89, p less than 0.001). There were 4 major discrepancies between 2D and cath: 3 of these @entity1 were operated upon and surgery confirmed 2D mitral valve area in all of them. 2D had served to diagnose all 6 cases of mitral @entity730 seen at surgery; however, M provided 1 false negative and 5 false positive results with regard to diagnosis of @entity730 . A second group consisted of 18 @entity1 who had undergone mitral commissurotomy, 8 of these had a pre- and postoperative echocardiography. 10 also underwent postoperative cath. M appeared to be unable to predict correctly the presence or absence of a recurrence of @entity4794 . Quantitative correlations between @entity339 at cath were poor. However, excellent correlations were found between 2D and cath, showing that 2D also serves to measure mitral valve area after commissurotomy.

title: [M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography in evaluating XXXX before and after commissurotomy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic slope and mitral valve area']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

answer: @entity4794 :: (MESH:D008946,Disease) :: ['mitral stenosis']


abstract: AIM: The purpose of the case report was to describe the treatment of a 4(1/2)-year-old @entity1 with amelogenesis imperfect (AI) in the primary dentition. BACKGROUND: AI is a hereditary condition that affects the development of enamel, causing quantity, @entity11578 involving all dentitions. Consequently, the effects can extend to both the primary and secondary dentitions. CASE REPORT: A 4(1/2)-year-old @entity1 was brought to the dental clinic complaining of @entity56 during meals. The medical history and clinical examination were used to arrive at the diagnosis of @entity24251 . The treatment was oral rehabilitation of the primary molars with stainless steel crowns and resin-filled celluloid forms of both maxillary and mandibular primary incisors and @entity235 . Improvements in the @entity1 's @entity146 and the elimination of tooth sensitiveness were observed, and the reestablishment of a normal occlusion resulted in improved eating habits. The @entity1 was monitored in the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic at four-month intervals until the mixed dentition stage. SUMMARY: The oral rehabilitation of young @entity1 with AI is necessary to reestablish the stomatognathic system function, so important for a @entity1 's systemic health. An adequate medical history and a careful clinical examination were essential for a correct diagnosis. Treatment was rendered that was appropriate for the @entity1 's age and clinical/psychological characteristics. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Cost-effective restorative techniques involving stainless steel and composite-resin crowns are shown for the restoration of a young @entity1 with amelogensis imperfecta.

title: Oral rehabilitation of primary dentition affected by XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity11578 :: ('MESH:D020914', 'Disease') :: ['structural, and compositional anomalies']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychological behavior']

entities_list: @entity24251 :: ('MESH:D000567', 'Disease') :: ['amelogenesis imperfecta']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['tooth hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity24251 :: (MESH:D000567,Disease) :: ['amelogenesis imperfecta']


abstract: The surface protein composition of members of a serogroup of @entity1678 which exhibit high virulence for fish was examined. Treatment of whole cells of representative strain A. hydrophila TF7 with 0.2 M @entity2228 buffer (pH 4.0) resulted in the release of sheets of a tetragonal surface protein array. @entity3208 ( @entity214 )- @entity2975 gel electrophoresis analysis showed that this sheet material was composed primarily of a protein of apparent molecular weight 52,000 (52K protein). @entity16753 protein was also the predominant protein in @entity2228 extracts of other members of the high-virulence serogroup. Immunoblotting with antiserum raised against formalinized whole cells of A. hydrophila TF7 showed the 52K S-layer protein to be the major surface protein antigen, and impermeant Sulfo-NHS-Biotin cell surface labeling showed that the 52K S-layer protein was the only protein accessible to the @entity16754 label and effectively masked underlying outer membrane (OM) proteins. In its native surface conformation the 52K S-layer protein was only weakly reactive with a lactoperoxidase 125I surface iodination procedure. A UV-induced rough lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mutant of TF7 was found to produce an intact S layer, but a deep rough LPS mutant was unable to maintain an array on the cell surface and excreted the S-layer protein into the growth medium, indicating that a minimum LPS oligosaccharide size was required for A. hydrophila S-layer anchoring. The 52K S-layer protein exhibited hear-dependent @entity214 -solubilization behavior when associated with OM, but was fully solubilized at all temperatures after removal from the OM, indicating a strong interaction of the S layer with the underlying OM. The native S layer was permeable to 125I in the lactoperoxidase radiolabeling procedure, and two major OM proteins of molecular weights 30,000 and 48,000 were iodinated. The 48K species was a peptidoglycan-associated, transmembrane protein which exhibited heat-modifiable @entity214 solubilization behaviour characteristic of a porin protein. @entity16755 major peptidoglycan-associated OM protein which was not radiolabeled exhibited similar @entity214 heat modification characteristics and possibly represents a second porin protein.

title: Surface protein composition of XXXX strains virulent for fish: identification of a surface array protein.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity16755 :: ('p|SUB|A|50|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['A 50K']

entities_list: @entity1678 :: ('644', 'Species') :: ['Aeromonas hydrophila']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity16753 :: ('p|SUB|A|52|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['A 52K']

entities_list: @entity16754 :: ('MESH:C065130', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulfo-NHS-Biotin']

answer: @entity1678 :: (644,Species) :: ['Aeromonas hydrophila']


abstract: PURPOSE: To explore the potential of navitoclax in combination with @entity3907 -based chemotherapy in the treatment of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) by defining mechanism of synergy and identifying correlative biomarkers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We treated a panel of @entity1149 lines with a dose matrix of @entity1311 and navitoclax (formerly @entity6576 ), an inhibitor of @entity588 , @entity1836 (L), and @entity6577 (1), and evaluated synergy. We next used time-lapse microscopy to explore mechanism of synergy. Finally, we developed an immunohistochemical assay and assessed prevalence of @entity1836 (L) in @entity1149 tissues. RESULTS: All cell lines exhibit greater than additive response to the combination of navitoclax and a @entity3907 . These results were extended to @entity19 @entity5 models, in which the combination is more efficacious than either single-agent @entity1205 or navitoclax. Addition of navitoclax to @entity1311 decreases the time from mitotic entry to cell death and changes cell fate from @entity6578 to death during @entity1167 . The relative levels of @entity1836 and @entity2423 correlate with the extent of synergy, suggesting that @entity5 with elevated levels of @entity1836 will be relatively resistant to @entity3907 -based therapy but could benefit from the addition of navitoclax to @entity3907 treatment. Finally, a significant percentage of @entity1149 @entity1 samples exhibit relatively high @entity1836 levels. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of navitoclax to @entity3907 -based chemotherapy in @entity1149 has the potential to increase efficacy, particularly in @entity1 whose @entity5 express high levels of @entity1836 .

title: Navitoclax enhances the efficacy of taxanes in XXXX models.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['xenograft tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'NSCLC tumor', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity6578 :: ('MESH:C536987', 'Disease') :: ['mitotic slippage']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['mitotic arrest']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: 1. The influence of graded parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve stimulations on the secretion of protein from @entity35 submandibular gland was studied. Peroxidase was used as a marker for the acini and @entity35 tissue @entity7199 (official nomenclature @entity12806 ) as the marker for granular ducts. Tonin (rK2) was also measured, and the ratio of rK2: @entity12806 was calculated as an indication of the cellular route of secretion. 2. Continuous parasympathetic nerve stimulation caused a copious flow of saliva that had a low protein content. The secretion of peroxidase (acini) showed a gradual moderate increase as the frequency increased. However, the concentrations of @entity12806 and rK2 (granular ducts) showed little change throughout, and the ratio of rK2: @entity12806 remained relatively constant. 3. Graded sympathetic stimulation was applied against a background of parasympathetic stimulation. Secretion of peroxidase was increased by the addition of 0.1 Hz continuous sympathetic stimulation. The amount increased thereafter up to 2 Hz, but showed no further increase if the stimulation was applied as bursts of 10 or 20 Hz. In comparison, the secretion of proteinase activity showed little change with superimposed continuous sympathetic stimulation, and the rK2: @entity12806 ratio was similar to that in saliva produced by parasympathetic stimulation alone. Sympathetic stimulation applied in bursts, however, caused a large increase in the secretion of proteinase activity, and with 20 Hz burst stimulation the rK2: @entity12806 ratio was indistinguishable from that of sympathetic saliva per se. There was an augmented secretion of both peroxidase and kallikrein when 20 Hz burst stimulation was combined with parasympathetic stimulation. The effects of sympathetic stimulation were abolished by alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blockade.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Differential secretion of proteins by XXXX submandibular acini and granular ducts on graded autonomic nerve stimulations.

entities_list: @entity7199 :: ('MESH:D007610', 'Chemical') :: ['kallikrein']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Back @entity158 is an increasing concern for the aging population. This study aims to evaluate if minimally invasive surgery presents cost-minimization benefits compared with open surgery in treating @entity179 . METHODS Seventy-one @entity1 with @entity179 received 2-stage, multilevel surgical correction through either a minimally invasive spine surgery (MIS) approach with posterior instrumentation (n = 38) or an open midline (Open) approach (n = 33). Costs were derived from hospital and rehabilitation charges. Length of stay, @entity190 , and radiographic outcomes were obtained from electronic medical records. Functional outcomes were measured with @entity717 Index (ODI) and @entity227 ( @entity227 ) surveys. RESULTS @entity1 in both cohorts were similar in age (AgeMIS = 65.68 yrs, AgeOpen = 63.58 yrs, p = 0.28). The mean follow-up was 18.16 months and 21.82 months for the MIS and Open cohorts, respectively (p = 0.34). MIS and Open cohorts had an average of 4.37 and 7.61 levels of fusion, respectively (p < 0.01). Total inpatient charges were lower for the MIS cohort ( 269,807 vs  391,889, p < 0.01), and outpatient rehabilitation charges were similar ( 41,072 vs  49,272, p = 0.48). MIS @entity1 experienced reduced length of hospital stay (7.03 days vs 14.88 days, p < 0.01) and estimated @entity190 (EBL) (EBLMIS = 470.26 ml, EBLOpen= 2872.73 ml, p < 0.01). Baseline ODI scores were lower in the MIS cohort (40.03 vs 48.04, p = 0.03), and the cohorts experienced similar 1-year improvement (  ODIMIS = -15.98,   ODIOpen = -21.96, p = 0.25). Baseline @entity227 scores were similar (VASMIS = 6.56, VASOpen= 7.10, p = 0.32), but MIS @entity1 experienced less reduction after 1 year (  VASMIS = -3.36,   VASOpen = -4.73, p = 0.04). @entity91 (SVA) were comparable (preoperative SVAMIS = 63.47 mm, preoperative SVAOpen = 71.3 mm, p = 0.60), but MIS @entity1 had larger postoperative SVA (postoperative SVAMIS = 51.17 mm, postoperative SVAOpen = 28.17 mm, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Minimally invasive surgery demonstrated reduced costs, @entity190 , and hospital stays, whereas open surgery exhibited greater improvement in @entity227 scores, deformity correction, and sagittal balance. Additional studies with more @entity1 and longer follow-up will determine if MIS provides cost-minimization opportunities for treatment of @entity179 .

title: Cost minimization in treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual analog scale', 'VAS']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['adult degenerative scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative sagittal vertical axis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['adult degenerative scoliosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity632 ( @entity3105 ) is an @entity5948 drug with a wide spectrum of antineoplastic activities. However, it causes @entity299 , and this limits its clinical applications. @entity766 ( @entity766 ) plays a vital role in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. While @entity766 is preferentially expressed in adult cardiomyocytes and involved in cardiac development and @entity299 , little is known regarding its biological functions in responding to @entity3105 -induced @entity299 . In this study, the effects of @entity3105 on @entity19 cardiac function and the expression of @entity766 were examined in both @entity19 heart tissues and @entity35 H9C2 cardiomyocytes. The results showed that the cardiac functions were more aggravated in chronic @entity3105 injury @entity19 compared with acute @entity3105 -injury @entity19 ; @entity3105 treatment significantly increased @entity766 expression in both @entity19 heart tissue and H9C2 cells. Over-expression of @entity766 attenuated @entity3105 -induced apoptosis in cardiamyocytes whereas knocking down its expression increased @entity3105 -induced apoptosis. These gain- and loss- of function experiments showed that @entity5949 ( @entity5949 ) was a target of @entity766 . The expression of @entity5949 was significantly decreased both in myocardium and H9C2 cells treated with @entity3105 . The present study has revealed that @entity766 protects @entity19 myocardium and H9C2 cells against @entity3105 -induced @entity1370 probably by targeting @entity5949 .

title: @entity766 Protected Cardiomyocytes against XXXX -Induced Apoptosis by Targeting @entity5949 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5948 :: ('D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5949 :: ('12227(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['BTG2', 'B cell translocation gene 2']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease', 'cardiac cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['Doxorubicin']


abstract: The frequency of food-induced anaphylactic shocks (FIAS) has been investigated beside 46 emergency departments, 29 departments of Dermatology, and 19 departments of Intern Medicine or Pneumology. 794 A.S. have been reported. FIAS represent 10.2% of the etiologies. More than a third of them are relapsing @entity2021 . @entity5419 had been previously identified in 23.4% of cases. The allergen was present as a hidden allergen or inadvertently consumed in 30.8% of FIAS. 9.9% of the @entity1 were @entity748 . An enhancing factor was heightened in 25.9% of cases: @entity167 , exercise, simultaneous intake of @entity117 , beta-blockers, conversion enzyme inhibitors. Other factors predisposing to @entity2021 were a cross-reactivity shared by pollens and fruit, latex and exotic fruit, house dust mites and snails, or @entity5310 . More than 15 allergens were detected: egg (11.6%), fish (10.4%), crustaceans (10.4%), milk (6.5%), fruit-latex group (6.5%), peanut and other leguminosae (soy, @entity3587 , lentils, guar gum...), celery, garlic, etc... The food allergen still remained unknown in 25% of cases. However, the rate of efficiency of the diagnosis reached 94% in the @entity566 Units. In addition 10.2% of A.S. were considered idiopathic, raising the hypothesis of @entity566 to masked food allergens. Compared to a previous study from the 1982's, this survey shows a striking increased prevalence of FIAS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Food-induced XXXX . A new French multicenter survey].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['Food allergy']

entities_list: @entity5310 :: ('MESH:D008415', 'Disease') :: ['mastocytosis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'Allergy']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['food anaphylaxis', 'anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity2021 :: (MESH:D000707,Disease) :: ['anaphylaxis']


abstract: A report on a @entity1 who sustained a burn and perforation of the urinary bladder from visible sparks emanating from a @entity3459 device during the couse of laparoscopic sterilization is presented. It is the first report of @entity1494 using a @entity3459 device. A 24-year-old @entity1 , gravida 10, para 3, abortus 7, underwent a laparoscopic sterilization with a @entity3459 device. As the physician was finishing the coagulation, a spark from the device caused a 1-2 cm burn with a central area of perforation into the urinary bladder. Conservative treatment was recommended, and consisted of Foley catheterization and drainage for 5 days. Initial urine culture revealed Klebsiella species, and oral @entity869 was prescribed. @entity811 was noted throughout the @entity1 's hospitalization, and @entity4461 were present in the urine on Day 2 postoperation. The @entity1 had no @entity812 , was afebrile, and had a stable hemoglobin level during the hospital stay. Cystography was performed on Day 5 postoperatively and demonstrated no perforation. Foley catheter was removed. @entity1 was discharged 2 days later and remains in good health 3 months postoperatively.

title: XXXX owing to a @entity3459 device.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder burns']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal or flank pain']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['unipolar coagulating']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['blood clots']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['Hematuria']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['Bladder perforation']


abstract: 1. The effects of the increase of osmotic strength on extracellular pH modifications produced during buffer-free, 5 mM @entity8594 stimulation was studied in decorticated perfused @entity291 adrenal glands. 2. A pronounced and reversible attenuation of the extracellular pH drop as well as of the release of @entity2661 induced by @entity8594 was detected in glands exposed to a hyperosmotic (750 mOsm) perfusion fluid made up by the addition of @entity1219 . 3. Similar results were observed using @entity969 as osmoticant instead of @entity1219 . 4. A progressive decline in both external acidification and secretory response to @entity8594 was found on gradually increasing the osmotic strength of the perfusion fluid. 5. These results provide additional evidence in favour of the existence of a close association between extracellular acidification and adrenomedullary secretion induced by buffer-free @entity8594 .

title: Effect of hyperosmolarity on extracellular acidification associated with catecholamine secretion evoked by barium in perfused XXXX adrenal medulla.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Liver biopsies and/or autopsy specimens from 17 @entity1 (ages 1 week to 5 years) with nonsyndromatic paucity of the @entity1157 were studied by light and electron microscopy. Initial biopsies were obtained before 90 days of age from all @entity1 , and two or more specimens were available from nine. No specific underlying condition was found in nine @entity1 . The remaining cases were associated with @entity1467 (n = 2), @entity4614 (n = 2), cystic @entity82 (n = 1), alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (n = 1), @entity2803 (n = 1) and @entity4032 (n = 1). Before 90 days of age, portal changes included duct paucity and @entity82 . Lobular changes were nonspecific, consisting of @entity1448 , giant cell transformation, @entity1210 and perisinusoidal @entity82 . Duct paucity, portal @entity82 and perisinusoidal @entity82 persisted after 90 days. @entity1448 was mild or no longer apparent. Portal changes before 90 days of age appear to be sufficiently distinctive to microscopically distinguish nonsyndromatic from syndromatic paucity. Electron microscopic findings suggest that paucity in nonsyndromatic @entity1 may result from a primary ductal insult: ultrastructural studies revealed bile duct destruction characterized by undulation and breaks in the basal lamina and infiltration of the epithelium by lymphocytes. Bile canalicular dilatation with blunting of microvilli and electron-dense material in the lumen, predominantly seen before 90 days, also reinforces the hypothesis of a primary @entity513 .

title: Nonsyndromatic paucity of XXXX : light and electron microscopic evaluation of sequential liver biopsies in early childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['interlobular bile ducts']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal defect']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis', 'Cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['Ivemark syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['extramedullary hematopoiesis']

answer: @entity1157 :: (MESH:D001649,Disease) :: ['interlobular bile ducts']


abstract: AIM: Early stages of severe @entity1316 may be accompanied by neurocognitive changes. Specifically, @entity2414 have been linked to @entity308 in young @entity1 . This study examined whether young adults with unipolar compared with @entity162 showed similar @entity149 . METHODS: A total of 57 young adults (16-32 years) were assessed in this study. Twenty with unipolar and 20 with @entity162 , all currently depressed, were compared with 17 healthy controls. Neuropsychological assessment included psychomotor speed, attention for routine mental operations, attentional switching, executive control and verbal learning and memory. RESULTS: Both unipolar and bipolar subjects showed significant @entity73 compared with controls. Both @entity1316 groups showed no impairments in psychomotor speed, attention for routine mental operations and executive control. Effects size calculations show that the unipolar and bipolar groups do not differ from each other across a range of neurocognitive measures. CONCLUSION: @entity149 in young adults with current @entity308 appear to differ from those typically seen in older @entity1 . In early adulthood, both @entity162 may be distinguished by poor verbal memory, despite intact speed of processing, attention and executive functions. This study suggests that there is utility in neuropsychological testing for young adults in the early stages of severe @entity1316 . In order to prevent neurobiological changes inherent to the disease, pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions that target verbal @entity2414 may be optimally delivered early in the disease course.

title: XXXX in young adults with @entity162 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar depression', 'unipolar and bipolar depression']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive syndromes']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairments in verbal memory and attentional switching']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['Neurocognitive deficits', 'neurocognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder', 'mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in verbal memory', 'memory deficits']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Impaired verbal memory']


abstract: @entity4372 (3.0%) saline ( @entity8682 ) resuscitation from @entity548 is associated with less @entity2657 and @entity428 ( @entity428 ) compared to normal saline (NS) and 10% Dextran 40 (D-40). The effect of @entity8682 resuscitation on cerebral blood flow (CBF) is unknown. @entity235 with a @entity542 underwent @entity1457 and resuscitation, receiving either NS (N = 6), @entity8682 (N = 6), or D-40 (N = 6). CBF (via a microsphere technique) and @entity428 were measured at baseline (BL) and at @entity454 ( @entity454 ) after infusion of shed blood and test fluid (ER) and 2 hours after resuscitation (LR). CBF was determined globally (GCBF), and for the right (RCBF) and left (LCBF) cerebral hemispheres. @entity428 values (+/- SEM) at BL and @entity454 were 10.8 +/- 1.31 mmHg and 8.0 +/- 1.67 mmHg, respectively, for all groups. GCBF, RCBF and LCBF at BL were 29.4 +/- 5.04, 26.7 +/- 4.93 and 26.6 +/- 4.50 ml 100 g-1 min-1, respectively. @entity454 values for CBF were not significantly different from BL. Global and hemispheric CBF values were not different between groups at times measured. @entity428 was significantly lower in animals receiving @entity8682 . Therefore, lower @entity428 following @entity8682 resuscitation is not associated with alteration in CBF.

title: Cerebral blood flow following hypertonic saline resuscitation in an experimental model of @entity548 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'lower intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['Beagle dogs']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertonic']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: @entity943 after Mustard's operation for transposition of the great arteries were studied in 96 @entity1 operated upon between June 1965 and July 1979. All @entity1 had sinus rhythm consistently before the operation. Surgical modifications aimed at preserving the sinoatrial (S-A) node have reduced but not avoided @entity943 . During the follow-up period in 54 @entity1 (56.25%) different @entity943 were observed. @entity1817 was detected as the most frequent rhythm disturbance. The highest incidence of @entity943 was in the first 6 weeks after the operation. However, life-threatening @entity943 and @entity944 occurred even years after Mustard's operation. Overall, there were 31 deaths (32.3%) in which severe @entity943 were involved. In 6 @entity1 @entity944 occurred 4 weeks to 3 years postoperatively, attributable to rhythm disturbances. In one @entity1 who died from @entity1817 , the histologic features of the S-A nodal area were examined. The S-A node was replaced by dense connective tissue. In another @entity1 who had recently undergone Mustard's operation, S-A nodal tissue was identified, but fresh @entity548 was seen in and about the node. Different antiarrhythmic drugs were employed in the treatment of @entity943 observed after Mustard's operation. In 34 @entity1 (36.4%) temporary pacing was necessary. In case of failure of antiarrhythmic drugs, permanent pacing is the therapy of choice.

title: [Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX after Mustard-Brom operation for transposition of the great arteries (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sick-sinus syndrome', 'Sick-sinus syndrome']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'Arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Clinical resistance is a major factor limiting benefits to endocrine therapy. Causes of resistance may be diverse and the mechanism of resistance in individual @entity0 is usually unknown. The present study illustrates how changes in the expression of proliferation and @entity2931 -regulated genes occurring during neoadjuvant treatment with the aromatase inhibitor, @entity4672 , may define distinctive @entity5 subgroups and suggest different mechanisms of resistance in clinically endocrine resistant @entity0 . METHODS: Postmenopausal @entity1 with large primary @entity2931 -receptor (ER)-rich @entity0 were treated neoadjuvantly with @entity4672 (2.5 mg daily) for three months. Clinical response was determined by ultrasound changes in @entity5 volume. @entity5 ribonucleic acid (RNA) from biopsies taken before, after 14 days and after three months of treatment was hybridized on Affymetrix U133A chips. Changes in expression of @entity18469 , @entity3561 , @entity8698 , @entity10175 and @entity3559 were taken as markers of @entity2931 regulation and those in @entity10610 , @entity25261 , @entity8189 , @entity1014 Synthetase and PCNA as markers of proliferation. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity5 with < 50% volume reduction over three months of treatment were classified as being clinically non-responsive. Gene expression changes after 14 days of treatment with @entity4672 revealed different patterns of change in @entity2931 regulated and proliferation genes in individual resistant @entity5 . @entity5 could be separated into three different subgroups as follows: i) nine cases in which both proliferation and @entity2931 signalling signatures were generally reduced on treatment (ii) four cases in which both signatures were generally unaffected or increased with treatment and (iii) two cases in which expression of the majority of @entity2931 -regulated genes decreased whereas proliferation genes remained unchanged or increased. In 14 out of 15 @entity5 , RNA profiles were also available after three months of treatment. Patterns of change observed after 14 days were maintained or accentuated at three months in nine @entity5 but changes in patterns were apparent in the remaining five @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Different dynamic patterns of expression of @entity2931 -regulated and proliferation genes were observed in @entity5 clinically resistant to neoadjuvant @entity4672 , thus illustrating heterogeneity of resistance and discriminating molecular sub-classes of resistant @entity5 . Molecular phenotyping might help to direct circumventing therapy suggesting the targeting of specific pathways in different @entity5 subtypes.

title: Changes in expression of XXXX regulated and proliferation genes with neoadjuvant treatment highlight heterogeneity of clinical resistance to the aromatase inhibitor, @entity4672 .

entities_list: @entity4672 :: ('MESH:C067431', 'Chemical') :: ['letrozole']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumours', 'Tumour', 'cancers', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['Thymidine']

answer: @entity2931 :: (CHEBI:50114,Chemical) :: ['oestrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity101 is an important risk factor for the development of chronic graft failure and decreased graft and @entity1 survival after renal transplantation. METHODS: Between September 1994 and August 1996, 14 @entity1 underwent laparoscopic bilateral nephrectomy for treatment of drug-resistant @entity101 after successful renal transplantation. Common causes of @entity101 were largely excluded before bilateral nephrectomy. A scoring system was developed for comparison of different antihypertensive regimes. In this system, points were given according to type and dosage of each antihypertensive drug. RESULTS: At 6-month follow-up, all @entity1 showed well-controlled blood pressure (median of mean arterial pressure: 104 vs. 130 mmHg preoperatively, P<0.001, n=14), and significantly fewer antihypertensive drugs were needed according to the scoring system (48.9+/-20.9 points vs. 105.9+/-23.5 points preoperatively, P<0.001, n=14). During laparoscopy, three conversions to open surgery were necessary. Postoperatively, four complications occurred. After laparoscopy, immunosuppression and other oral medication were given continuously. The hospital stay ranged between 3 and 6 days (median: 5 days). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that bilateral nephrectomy using the laparoscopic technique can be an effective alternative method for a selected group of @entity1 with severe @entity101 , which is unresponsive to conservative management after successful renal transplantation with regard to improving the long-term graft survival.

title: Treatment of posttransplant XXXX by laparoscopic bilateral nephrectomy?

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']