abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity626 , a common @entity85 , can cause considerable @entity158 and disability. This study investigates the effect of certain @entity5109 on the functional status of @entity1 with @entity626 . METHODS: The common @entity5109 pes @entity4553 were evaluated in 115 @entity1 with @entity626 and Kellgren-Lawrence grade 2 and 3 @entity571 . Anteroposterior and lateral foot-ankle standard radiographs were obtained bilaterally. A lateral talometatarsal angle greater than 4 degrees was defined as pes planus. A @entity4553 angle greater than 21 degrees was defined as @entity4553 . The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index (WOMAC) was used to objectively assess functional impairment. Knee @entity158 intensity was measured with a visual analog scale. RESULTS: Fifty-nine @entity1 had bilateral pes planus, @entity4553 , or both. The mean visual analog scale value was higher for the deformity group, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was a significant difference in WOMAC scores between the group with @entity5109 versus the group without (P = .000). Visual analog scale scores were positively correlated with WOMAC scores (r = 0.499, P = .000). Also, there was a significant correlation between WOMAC scores and lateral talometatarsal angle (r = 0.266, P = .004) and @entity4553 angle (r = 0.362, P = .000) values. CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant correlation between indicators of @entity158 and disability (visual analog scale and WOMAC scores). Also, the presence of @entity5109 increased disability levels in @entity1 with @entity626 .

title: Effect of coexisting XXXX on disability in @entity1 with @entity626 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['Knee osteoarthritis', 'knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['foot deformities']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity4553 :: ('MESH:D006215', 'Disease') :: ['hallux valgus', 'planus and hallux valgus']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorder']

answer: @entity5109 :: (MESH:D005530,Disease) :: ['foot deformity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Many situations in clinical practice involving @entity1 with @entity3485 or acutely ill @entity1 usually require the administration of intravenous fluids. Current evidence shows that the use of crystalloids should be considered, since most colloids and @entity1 albumin are usually associated with increased adverse effects and high cost, respectively. Among crystalloids, the use of normal saline is implicated with the development of @entity520 and renal vasoconstriction. These observations have led many authors to propose balanced solutions, mainly Lactated Ringer's, as the infusate of choice. However, although the restoration of volume status is the primary target in @entity3485 state, the correction of any associated acid-base or electrolyte disorders that frequently coexist is also of vital importance. This review presents specific situations that are common in daily clinical practice and require targeted infusate therapy in @entity1 with reduced volume status. Furthermore, the review presents an algorithm aiming to help clinicians to make the best choice between normal or @entity2421 saline and lactated Ringer's infusates. Lactated Ringer's infusate should not be given in @entity1 with severe @entity5838 , @entity8193 with decreased @entity880 clearance, or severe @entity4144 , and in @entity1 with @entity131 or at risk of @entity428 . The optimal choice of infusate should be guided by the cause of @entity3485 , the cardiovascular state of the @entity1 , the renal function, as well as the serum osmolality and the coexisting acid-base and electrolyte disorders. Clinicians should be aware of any @entity74 in @entity1 with @entity3485 and guide their choice of infusate treatment based on the overall picture of their @entity1 .

title: Correction of XXXX with crystalloid fluids: Individualizing infusion therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia', 'hypovolemic']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['coexisting disorders']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity3485 :: (MESH:D020896,Disease) :: ['hypovolemia']


abstract: Asparagus racemosus (AR) Willd (family Liliaceae) is commonly known as Shatavari. The alcoholic extract of its rhizome was administered orally to adult pregnant female albino @entity35 at a dose of 30 mg/100 g body weight, daily for 15 days (days 1-15 of gestation). The macroscopic findings revealed a prominence of the mammary glands, a dilated vaginal opening and a transversely situated uterine horn in the treated group of animals. The weight of the uterine horns of the treated group was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.001) but the length was shorter (p > 0.01). Microscopic examination of the treated group showed proliferation in the lumen of the duct of mammary gland. It was obliterated due to @entity1184 of @entity513 . @entity1373 of the glandular and muscular tissue and @entity1184 of the glandular cells were observed in the genital organs. The parenchyma of the genital organs showed abundant glycogen granules with dilated blood vessels and thickening of the epithelial lining. The oviduct in the treated group showed hypertrophied muscular wall, whereas the ovary revealed no effect of the drug. The results suggest an oestrogenic effect of Shatavari on the female mammary gland and genital organs.

title: Effect of Asparagus racemosus rhizome (Shatavari) on mammary gland and genital organs of pregnant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal and glandular cells']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of integrating the blood @entity26 level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data into radiation treatment planning for high-grade @entity11 located near the primary motor cortexes (PMCs) and corticospinal tracts (CSTs). METHODS: A total of 20 @entity1 with high-grade @entity11 adjacent to PMCs and CSTs between 2012 and 2014 were recruited. The bilateral PMCs and CSTs were located in the normal regions without any overlapping with target volume of the lesions. BOLD-fMRI, DTI and conventional MRI were performed on @entity1 (Karnofsky performance score   >=    70) before radical radiotherapy treatment. Four different imaging studies were conducted in each @entity1 : a planning computed tomography (CT), an anatomical MRI, a DTI and a BOLD-fMRI. For each case, three treatment plans (3DCRT, IMRT and IMRT_PMC_CST) were developed by 3 different physicists using the Pinnacle planning system. RESULTS: Our study has shown that there was no significant difference between the 3DCRT and IMRT plans in terms of dose homogeneity, but IMRT displayed better planning target volume ( @entity343 ) dose conformity. In addition, we have found that the Dmax and Dmean to the ipsilateral and contralateral PMC and CST regions were considerably decreased in IMRT_PMC_CST group (p   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, integration of BOLD-fMRI and DTI into radiation treatment planning is feasible and beneficial. With the assistance of the above-described techniques, the bilateral PMCs and CSTs adjacent to the target volume could be clearly marked as OARs and spared during treatment.

title: Integration of BOLD-fMRI and DTI into radiation treatment planning for high-grade XXXX located near the primary motor cortexes and corticospinal tracts.

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether @entity11256 and @entity900 can be given safely together and to evaluate the relationship between incidence of @entity1897 and cumulative exposure to @entity11256 and @entity900 , as well as other @entity137 and treatment outcome. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Thirty-two previously untreated @entity1 with locally advanced @entity418 were entered on a Phase I study of @entity11256 combined with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. @entity900 / @entity1487 (two cycles, weeks 1 and 4) and @entity11256 (weeks 2, 3 and 5) were given concurrently with radiation therapy. Eligible @entity1 then underwent surgical resection. All @entity1 were scheduled to receive two additional cycles of @entity900 / @entity1487 chemotherapy after completion of radiation therapy (definitive arm) or surgery (preoperative arm). RESULTS: Of 19 fully evaluable @entity1 , nine (47%) developed @entity1897 . Six of six @entity1 , 65 years or older, experienced @entity1897 , compared with three of 13 @entity1 less than 65 years old (p = .003). For @entity1 younger than 65 years, two of the two @entity1 with single dose area under the curve (AUC) > 4.0 mMhr experienced @entity1897 , compared with one of 11 @entity1 with single-dose AUC < 4.0 mMhr (p = .03). Grade 4 @entity137 included @entity1398 (23%) and @entity882 (26%). No other Grade 4 @entity137 was observed. The pathologic complete response rate in @entity1 who underwent surgical resection was 29%. CONCLUSION: This regime of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and @entity11256 had acceptable @entity137 . However, combining @entity11256 and @entity900 appears to increase the risk of developing @entity1897 for at least some categories of @entity1 . Further studies of these interactions are needed.

title: Combined-modality therapy of @entity418 with radiotherapy, @entity11256 , and XXXX - @entity1487 , with or without surgery: neurotoxicity, other @entity137 and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity11256 :: ('MESH:D017341', 'Chemical') :: ['etanidazole']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Metabotropic @entity2227 receptors (mGluRs) regulate neuronal excitability and synaptic strength. The group I mGluRs, @entity49631 , are widespread in the brain and localize to post-synaptic sites. The Homer protein family regulates group I mGluR function and distribution. Constitutively expressed 'long' Homer proteins (Homer 1b, 1c, 2 and 3) induce dendritic localization of group I mGluRs and receptor clustering, either internally or on the plasma membrane. Short Homer proteins (Homer 1a, Ania-3) exhibit regulated expression and act as dominant negatives, producing effects on mGluR distribution and function that oppose those of the long Homer proteins. There remains some controversy over whether long Homer proteins induce receptor internalization by inducing retention in the endoplasmic reticulum, or induce mGluR clustering on the plasma membrane. Further, an exhaustive study of the effects of each long Homer isoform on mGluR distribution has not been published. RESULTS: The distribution of a GFP-tagged group I mGluR, @entity9446 -GFP, was examined in the absence of Homer proteins and in the presence of several Homer isoforms expressed in sympathetic neurons from the @entity35 superior cervical ganglion (SCG) using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF-M) and confocal microscopy. Quantitative analysis of @entity9446 -GFP fluorescence using TIRF-M revealed that expression of each long Homer isoform tested (Homer 1b, 1c, 2b and 3) induced a significant degree of surface clustering. Using confocal imaging, Homer-induced mGluR clusters were observed intra-cellularly as well as on the plasma membrane. Further, in approximately 40% of neurons co-expressing @entity9446 -GFP and Homer 1b, intracellular inclusions were observed, but plasma membrane clusters were also documented in some Homer 1b coexpressing cells. CONCLUSION: All long Homer proteins examined (Homer 1b, 1c, 2b and 3) induced a significant degree of @entity9446 -GFP clustering on the plasma membrane compared to cells expressing @entity9446 -GFP alone. Clusters induced by long Homers appeared on the plasma membrane and intracellularly, suggesting that clusters form prior to plasma membrane insertion and/or persist after internalization. Finally, while Homer 1b induced surface clustering of @entity9446 in some cells, under some conditions intracellular retention may occur.

title: Surface clustering of metabotropic XXXX receptor 1 induced by long Homer proteins.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: The developmental @entity137 of @entity14110 ( @entity14111 ) was studied in @entity35 after oral administration. Pregnant @entity35 were given @entity14111 at doses of 0 (distilled water), 125, 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg/day, by gavage, on gestational days (GD) 6 through 20. Significant @entity1017 and food consumption during treatment, and a reduction in absolute weight gain were observed at 500 and 750 mg/kg. The incidence of resorptions per litter was significantly higher than control at 500 mg/kg, and rose to 91% at 750 mg/kg. Examination of the foetuses revealed treatment-related @entity600 , including imperforate anus and absence of tail, @entity4 , and @entity600 . The incidence of malformed foetuses per litter, and of litters with malformed foetuses was significantly increased at 500 and 750 mg/kg. At 250 mg/kg, one foetus showed @entity600 similar to those recorded at higher dosages. There was a dose-related decrease in foetal body weights (male, female, and total) that reached statistical significance at 250 mg/kg. A significant increase in incomplete ossification of skull bones and of sternebrae was also present at 500 and 750 mg/kg. In summary, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for maternal and developmental @entity137 was 250 and 125 mg/kg/day, respectively. Thus, oral administration of @entity14111 produced developmental @entity137 below maternally toxic levels.

title: Developmental @entity137 of XXXX administered orally to @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity14110 :: ('MESH:C038678', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['anasarca']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'malformations of the great vessels and of the cervical arches']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['decreases in maternal body weight gain']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity14110 :: (MESH:C038678,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is the leading cause of @entity454 ( @entity454 ) and a significant contributor to mortality in the general population. We examined the associations of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels with @entity454 and @entity204 in a population with @entity2316 ( @entity740 ). STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING _ @entity1 : 6,165 @entity1 with @entity6 (treated with oral hypoglycemic agents and/or insulin) and @entity740 stages 1 to 5 at a large health care system. PREDICTOR: HbA1c level (examined as a categorical and continuous measure). OUTCOMES: All-cause and cause-specific mortality ascertained from the Ohio Department of Health mortality files and @entity454 ascertained from the US Renal Data System. RESULTS: During a median 2.3 years of follow-up, 957 @entity1 died (887 pre- @entity454 @entity204 ) and 205 @entity1 reached @entity454 . In a Cox proportional hazards model, after multivariable adjustment including for kidney function, HbA1c level  < 6% was associated with higher risk for @entity204 when compared with HbA1c levels of 6% to 6.9% (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.01-1.50). Similarly, @entity4051 c level  >=  9% was associated with higher risk for all-cause @entity204 (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.06-1.69). In competing-risk models, baseline HbA1c level was not associated with @entity454 . For cause-specific mortality, @entity6 accounted for >12% of @entity204 overall and >19% of @entity204 among those with HbA1c levels > 9%. LIMITATIONS: Small proportion of @entity1 with @entity8 ; single-center population. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of @entity1 with @entity740 with @entity6 , HbA1c levels  < 6% and  >= 9% were associated with higher risk for @entity204 . HbA1c levels were not associated with @entity454 in this specific @entity740 population. @entity204 increased with higher HbA1c levels.

title: @entity6 Control and the Risks of @entity454 and Mortality in  XXXX  With @entity740 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['advanced kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes and chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes-related deaths', 'death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Pancreatic @entity5 (PNETs) are a rare entity that can present with symptoms of hormone overproduction with surgical resection being the only chance for cure despite the poorly defined @entity5 behavior. Their management involves a variety of therapies which require a well coordinated multidisciplinary team with the effort to optimize outcomes. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 25 consecutive @entity1 was performed by means of our single institution prospectively maintained database. All @entity1 ' files from 1999 to 2013, with histologically proven @entity5 of the pancreas, were reviewed for clinical presentation, functional status, treatment, postoperative morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Of 25 @entity1 a total of 22 @entity1 (11 females, 11 males, average age 49.7 years) underwent surgery with curative intent. We had 3 female @entity1 that underwent palliative surgery because of unresectable disease. Nineteen of the 25 were not functional @entity5 . For the resected @entity1 the overall morbidity was 38.8%. The 30-day mortality rate was zero. The overall median length of hospital stay was 10.4 days (range 4-23 days). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical resection with regional lymph node dissection is the only potentially curative therapy for @entity1 with localized PNETs with the exceptions of @entity9608 where simple enucleation may be the standard of treatment. The anatomic considerations for determining the resecability are the same as those for pancreatic @entity420 . Careful follow-up after surgery is essential because up to 50% of @entity1 who undergo complete resection develop metachronous liver metastasis. Distant @entity3 should be resected if possible.

title: Surgical resection for XXXX of the pancreas: a fourteen years single institutional observation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neuroendocrine tumors']

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['most insulinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neuroendocrine tumors']


abstract: @entity1615 ( @entity1615 ) is an unexplained and common @entity85 seen in otherwise healthy @entity1 . Its pathophysiology is poorly understood despite intensive investigation. Although genetic underpinnings are clear, replicated susceptibility loci that could provide insight into etiology have not been forthcoming. To address these issues, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of    327 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 419 @entity1615 families. We found strongest evidence of association with chromosome 3p26.3 SNPs in the proximity of the @entity43851 gene (P < 8   10(-8) for @entity58016 ). We genotyped additional chromosome 3p26.3 SNPs and tested replication in two follow-up case-control cohorts, obtaining strongest results when all three cohorts were combined ( @entity58017 odds ratio = 1.49, 95% confidence interval = 1.29-1.73, P = 2.58   10(-8)), but these were not confirmed in a separate GWAS. @entity43851 is of interest, as it encodes an axon guidance protein related to @entity18355 . Mutations in the @entity18355 protein cause @entity2112 ( @entity2112 ), a @entity395 marked by severe @entity1635 . Other top associations in our GWAS were with SNPs in the @entity58018 gene encoding an axon guidance protein in the same structural class with @entity43851 and @entity18355 . We additionally found @entity1615 associations with loci in @entity32274 , supporting a previous study linking this gene with @entity1615 . @entity32274 is also of functional interest, as it interacts directly with L1 and Robo class proteins and participates in axon pathfinding. Our results suggest the relevance of axon guidance pathways in @entity1615 susceptibility, although these findings require further study, particularly given the apparent genetic heterogeneity in this disease.

title: Genome-wide association studies of adolescent idiopathic XXXX suggest candidate susceptibility genes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['HGPPS', 'horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of intermittent @entity452 infusions in @entity1 with end-stage @entity712 . Twenty-four @entity1 with NYHA Stage IV @entity712 were included. Mean age was 65.8 years (range 40-85). All @entity1 were under optimal medical therapy with digitalis, diuretics and vasodilating agents. Diagnosis was @entity301 in 11 @entity1 , @entity384 in 9, and @entity340 in 4. @entity452 was given in an initial dosage of 2.5 micrograms/kg/min increased by 2.5 micrograms/kg/min every 15 minutes until the desired effect was achieved. Mean dosage was 10 micrograms/kg/min. @entity1 were given an identical infusion two weeks later, then at monthly intervals after improvement of the clinical status. @entity712 stage was improved in all @entity1 : 14 @entity1 were stage II and 10 were stage III. Ejection fraction failed to improve (19.5 +/- 10 to 18.5 +/- 5). Mortality rate was 5% at one year, 24% at two years, and 45% at four years.

title: [Intermittent infusions of @entity452 in the treatment of XXXX in the terminal stage].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'Heart failure']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular incompetence']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic cardiac failure']


abstract: @entity177 is a common accompaniment of @entity1582 and is usually due to cast @entity8 , or " @entity8 ." To understand this lesion, four @entity1 Bence Jones proteins (BJP) were purified from the urine of volunteers who had either no evidence of @entity8 (BJP1) or @entity177 from cast @entity8 (BJP2, BJP3, BJP4). When infused directly into the @entity35 nephron in vivo, BJP2, BJP3, and BJP4 produced intraluminal @entity3885 by precipitating in the distal nephron; protein casts were never identified before the tip of the loop of Henle. Obstruction was related to the concentration of BJP in the perfusate. Addition of @entity1483 to the perfusate augmented @entity3885 in a concentration-dependent fashion. Pretreatment of @entity35 with @entity3812 completely prevented @entity3885 and cast formation of perfused @entity4295 ; @entity58846 did not prevent @entity3885 . Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein purified from @entity58846 -treated and untreated @entity35 coaggregated with BJP3 in vitro. Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein from @entity3812 -treated @entity35 did not contain @entity3167 and did not aggregate with BJP3 in vitro. Thus, cast-forming @entity1 BJP coaggregated with Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein and obstructed the @entity35 distal nephron. @entity3885 was aggravated by decreasing extracellular fluid volume or adding @entity1483 . Finally, by decreasing secretion and altering the @entity1735 moiety of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein, @entity3812 prevented intraluminal cast formation and @entity3885 of the @entity35 nephron.

title: Pathobiology of cast XXXX from @entity1 Bence Jones proteins.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'myeloma kidney', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstruction', 'Intranephronal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'Renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity58846 :: ('MESH:D008162', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lumicolchicine']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: Over a 13-year period we studied all @entity1 who underwent major hip and knee surgery and were diagnosed with objectively confirmed symptomatic @entity1211 , either @entity1150 or @entity1151 , within six months after surgery. Low-molecular-weight heparin had been given while the @entity1 were in hospital. There were 5607 @entity1 . The cumulative incidence of symptomatic @entity1211 was 2.7% (150 of 5607), of which 1.1% had developed @entity1151 , 1.5% had @entity1150 and 0.6% had both. @entity1 presented with @entity1150 at a median of 24 days and @entity1151 at 17 days after surgery for hip @entity174 . After total hip replacement, @entity1150 and @entity1151 occurred at a median of 21 and 34 days respectively. After total knee replacement, the median time to the presentation of @entity1150 and @entity1151 was 20 and 12 days respectively. The cumulative risk of @entity1211 lasted for up to three months after hip surgery and for one month after total knee replacement. @entity1211 was diagnosed after discharge from hospital in 70% of @entity1 who developed this complication. Despite hospital-based thromboprophylaxis, most cases of clinical @entity1211 occur after discharge and at different times according to the operation performed.

title: Frequency and timing of clinical XXXX after major joint surgery.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['non-fatal pulmonary embolism', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thromboembolism', 'venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']


abstract: @entity5 management guidelines recommend nondrug interventions as adjuvants to analgesic medications. Although physicians typically are responsible for pharmacologic @entity158 treatments, oncology staff nurses, who spend considerable time with @entity1 , are largely responsible for identifying and implementing nondrug @entity158 treatments. Oncology nurses' use of nondrug interventions, however, has not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to describe oncology nurses' use of four nondrug interventions (music, guided imagery, relaxation, distraction) and to identify factors that influence their use in practice. A national sample of 724 oncology staff nurses completed a mailed survey regarding use of the nondrug interventions in practice, beliefs about the interventions, and demographic characteristics. The percentages of nurses who reported administering the strategies in practice at least sometimes were 54% for music, 40% for guided imagery, 82% for relaxation, and 80% for distraction. Use of each nondrug intervention was predicted by a composite score on beliefs about effectiveness of the intervention (e.g., perceived benefit; P<0.025) and a composite score on beliefs about support for carrying out the intervention (e.g., time; P<0.025). In addition, use of guided imagery was predicted by a composite score on beliefs about characteristics of @entity1 who may benefit from the intervention (e.g., cognitive ability; P<0.05). Some nurse demographic, professional preparation, and practice environment characteristics also predicted use of individual nondrug interventions. Efforts to improve application of nondrug interventions should focus on innovative educational strategies, problem solving to secure support, and development and testing of new delivery methods that require less time from busy staff nurses.

title: Oncology nurses' use of nondrug XXXX interventions in practice.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: It was the goal of this study to compare the results of the preoperative diagnostic workup (ERC, MRC, and PTC) with the @entity5 extent of the surgical specimen in @entity1 with @entity201 ( @entity201 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 9/97 and 12/2002 82 @entity1 with @entity201 were treated at our institution. In 59 @entity1 @entity5 resection was feasible. Preoperative ERC, MRC and PTC - blinded for the idendity of the @entity1 - were analysed retrospectively and compared with the surgical specimen. RESULTS: PTC resulted in significantly superior visualization of the bile ducts including the @entity75 compared to ERC and MRC (p < 0.01). ERC, MRC and PTC were correct in predicting @entity5 extent in 29, 36 and 53 % of cases, respectively. The extent of the @entity5 was overestimated in 42 % (ERC), 41 % (MRC) and 31 % (PTC). Underestimation or wrong assessment or no decision at all occurred in 31, 23 and 16 %, respectively. In 20 @entity1 results of all three diagnostic methods were available allowing a statistical comparison regarding the resection to be performed: PTC was superior to ERC (McNemar test:p < 0.01), but not to MRC. In the @entity1 with overestimated @entity5 extent both the rate of curative resections and survival were similar to the other resected @entity1 . DISCUSSION: In contrast to most reports in the literature, ERC and MRC were found to be of limited reliability regarding the assessment of @entity5 extent. PTC proved to be the most reliable approach. Overestimation of the @entity5 extent, which may lead to exclude the @entity1 from potentially curative surgery, was the most common mistake in each diagnostic modality.

title: Preoperative imaging of XXXX : surgical evaluation of standard practises.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['hilCC', 'hilar cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hilar lesion']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate our experience with total arterial revascularization and compare it with the traditional approach of a single internal thoracic artery supplemented by saphenous veins. METHODS: From 1995 to 2010, 6059 @entity1 with @entity453 underwent primary isolated coronary artery bypass grafting at 8 centers. A study cohort of 3774 @entity1 was formed, with 2988 (79%) undergoing total arterial revascularization and 786 (21%) receiving only saphenous veins to supplement a single in situ internal thoracic artery. In the total arterial revascularization group, bilateral internal thoracic arteries were used in 1079 @entity1 (36%) and at least 1 radial artery was used in 2916 @entity1 (97%). Propensity score matching was used for risk adjustment. RESULTS: @entity1 undergoing total arterial revascularization were younger (65.0  10.4 years vs 71.3  7.9 years, P<.001) and less likely to have @entity6 , @entity66 , recent @entity583 , and severe left @entity67 . At 15 years, @entity1 who underwent total arterial revascularization experienced superior unadjusted survival (62%  1.1% vs 35%  1.9%, P<.001). Multivariable Cox regression in the entire study cohort showed the total arterial group had improved survival with a hazard ratio of 0.79 (95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.90; P<.001). After propensity score matching yielded 384 @entity1 pairs, @entity1 who underwent total arterial revascularization showed improved survival at 15 years than @entity1 who underwent single arterial revascularization (54%  3.3% vs 41%  3.0%, P=.0004). CONCLUSIONS: This large multicenter study suggests that a strategy of total arterial revascularization is associated with improved long-term survival compared with the use of only a single arterial and saphenous vein grafts. Total arterial revascularization should be encouraged in @entity1 with a reasonable life expectancy.

title: Total arterial revascularization with internal thoracic and radial artery grafts in XXXX is associated with improved survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['triple-vessel coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular impairment']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['triple-vessel coronary artery disease']


abstract: @entity18241 of right ventricle is a rare kind of @entity299 that can present with @entity848 in childhood. We evaluated the clinical profile, diagnosis and management strategy of @entity18241 of right ventricle in @entity1 . During 1993-1997, six @entity1 were diagnosed to have isolated @entity4265 in our institution. Two @entity1 were referred because of @entity848 , while cardiac murmur was the reason for referral in the remaining four. Besides clinical evaluation, all these @entity1 had chest radiography, electrocardiography and echo-doppler studies. At echocardiography the valve diameters were measured and the degree of @entity509 was quantified as standard deviation units. Cardiac catheter studies and angiography, and surgical intervention were carried out where indicated. Both operated and unoperated @entity1 were followed up for 3-5 years. Cyanosis (severe--2, mild--4) and a soft ejection systolic murmur at the left sternal border were present in all @entity1 . The second sound was normal. On two-dimensional echocardiography, all had @entity509 of right ventricular (trabecular portion) and bi-directional shunt across @entity118 . Cardiac catheterisation was performed in four @entity1 , which confirmed the echo findings and revealed normal right heart pressures. These four @entity1 underwent surgical procedures. Simple closure of @entity118 was sufficient in two @entity1 . Two others required bi-directional cavopulmonary anastomoses, and @entity118 closure was tolerated only by one of these two @entity1 . Complete correction is not always feasible and adequacy of right ventricle to receive the entire venous return should be accurately assessed prior to, as well as during surgery.

title: @entity18241 of right ventricle with @entity118 : a rare form of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity18241 :: ('MESH:C537168', 'Disease') :: ['isolated hypoplasia', 'Isolated hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity4265 :: ('MESH:C535682', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity848 :: ('MESH:D003490', 'Disease') :: ['cyanosis']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cyanotic heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1561 is highly prevalent among morbidly @entity28 @entity1 and can progress from @entity1560 to @entity1560 and @entity409 . AIM: To determine the effect of gastric bypass operation in the incidence of @entity409 and associated co-morbidities in morbidly @entity28 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 were prospectively evaluated in the pre-operative period and after at least 6 months after operation. We analysed: antropometric data, co-morbidities, use of medications, @entity165 and @entity1674 levels, liver tests and incidence of @entity1561 . All @entity1 with abnormal liver tests were subjected to per-operative liver biopsy. RESULTS: Twenty eight @entity1 with @entity1561 with a mean body mass index of 42 +/- 4 kg/m(2) were evaluated. Twenty five @entity1 had 59 co-morbidities and the most frequent were: elevated @entity1674 (n = 23), elevated @entity165 (n = 13) and elevated blood pressure (n = 11). Biopsy was done in 22 @entity1 : 10 presented moderate @entity1560 , 5 mild @entity1560 and 7 @entity1560 . After follow-up of 230 days in average they presented weight excess loss of 64%, body mass index reduction to 29,6 +/- 3 kg/m(2) and 21 co-morbidities in 13 @entity1 . There was a significant decrease in the number of @entity1 with elevated @entity1674 , elevated @entity165 , elevated blood pressure and in the incidence of @entity1561 . CONCLUSION: The weight loss secondary to the gastric bypass is associated with decrease in the incidence of @entity1561 and other co-morbidities.

title: [ XXXX : evolution after gastric bypass].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatohepatitis', 'steatosis']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease', 'fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease', 'nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is still not clear whether an intrapericardial pneumonectomy indicates a more advanced stage of the disease compared to a standard pneumonectomy. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 164 @entity1 who underwent a pneumonectomy for @entity2 . The first group consisted of 82 @entity1 who had a standard pneumonectomy and the second group was 38 @entity1 who had a intrapericardial pneumonectomy, for both groups in the latest 5-year period. The third group was 44 @entity1 with had a sleeve pneumonectomy in the latest 10-year period. The groups were compared in relation to the overall and stage-related survival, influence of T and N factors, operative morbidity and mortality. The statistics used were Kaplan-Meier, U-test, t-test,   2 test. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in stage distribution between standard and intrapericardial pneumonectomies; stages I, II, IIIA and IIIB occurred for 10.9% vs. 2.6%, 30.5% vs. 26.3%, 46.4% vs. 65.8% and 12.2% vs. 5.3% of @entity1 , respectively. For @entity1 who had a sleeve pneumonectomy, stage IIIA was significantly more frequent. Although the overall survival (63.5% vs. 57.6%) and stage-related 5-year survival were better in the first compared to the second group, especially for stage IIIA (58.6% vs. 42.6%), these differences were not statistically significant. There were no significant differences in operative morbidity and mortality between groups 1 and 2, but both were significantly higher in the third group (35.7% and 15.9%). CONCLUSIONS: An intrapericardial pneumonectomy does not always indicate a more advanced stage of the disease. The need for an intrapericardial pneumonectomy, either established preoperatively or during the operation, as a single factor, even for marginal surgical candidates, is not strong enough to reject these @entity1 for surgery.

title: Standard versus extended pneumonectomy for XXXX : what really matters?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Indian government proposes to eliminate @entity234 , which has been a serious public health problem in Bihar. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of unresponsiveness to @entity12879 in the treatment of new cases of @entity234 and to identify the associated factors. METHODS: @entity1 with clinically and parasitologically confirmed @entity234 (n = 182) who had received no prior treatment, were enrolled for the study. The @entity1 were treated with @entity12879 (20 mg/kg body weight; upper limit 850 mg), intramuscularly for 30 days. The vital parameters and side-effects, if any, were monitored. @entity1 who developed @entity137 during treatment were excluded from the study but were given rescue treatment with liposomal @entity2379 . All @entity1 who completed the treatment were followed up for 6 months. RESULTS: Unresponsiveness to @entity12879 at the end of treatment was 43%. It was higher in @entity1 (48%) compared to @entity1 (40%). A significant association was observed between unresponsiveness and level of endemicity (p = 0.0002), large spleen size (p = 0.04) and immune response (migration inhibition factor) (p = 0.00002). At the end of 6 months' follow up, 27% of @entity1 relapsed, giving a total unresponsiveness rate of 58%. CONCLUSION: Unresponsiveness to @entity12879 is a serious problem in the management of @entity1 with @entity234 . In @entity1 with factors associated with nonresponse to @entity12879 , alternative drugs such as @entity14219 or @entity2379 should be considered as first-line drugs.

title: Magnitude of unresponsiveness to @entity12879 in the treatment of XXXX in Bihar.

entities_list: @entity12879 :: ('MESH:D000967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium stibogluconate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity14219 :: ('MESH:C039128', 'Chemical') :: ['miltefosine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['kala-azar', 'visceral leishmaniasis']

answer: @entity234 :: (MESH:D007898,Disease) :: ['visceral leishmaniasis']


abstract: Ag presentation to T lymphocytes and subsequent activation are characterized by a cascade of signaling events, some of which result in the transcriptional activation of a diverse set of genes. An important example is the induction of the @entity1199 gene, which is a critical event in the escalation of T cell activation. Previous studies have found that expression of @entity1605 ( @entity6974 ), a @entity219 finger transcription factor, is extinguished after T cell activation. However, the biological role of @entity6974 during T cell activation is still unknown. In this study we found that @entity6974 protein degradation is delayed, and @entity6974 expression is up-regulated during the early stage of T cell activation in primary T cells. Within a few hours, this process is reversed, and @entity6974 expression is turned off. Next, we found that the expression of @entity6974 significantly increases @entity1199 production 4-fold in activated T cells, resulting from activation of the @entity1199 promoter. By narrowing down the 2.0-kb @entity1199 promoter region, we found that the @entity6974 responsive element in the @entity1199 promoter is a CACCC element, the KLF consensus binding motif. Moreover, @entity6974 binds to this promoter in vivo under different conditions. Our studies show that @entity6974 regulates @entity1199 promoter activity in the earliest stages of T cell activation, indicating that @entity6974 may act as a novel immediate-early transcriptional factor to maximally prime T cell activation.

title: @entity1605 , a novel immediate-early transcriptional factor, regulates XXXX expression in T lymphocyte activation.

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['Kr  ppel-like factor 2']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['IL-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Genome wide association studies (GWAs) of @entity0 mortality have identified few potential associations. The concordance between these studies is unclear. In this study, we used a meta-analysis of two prognostic GWAs and a replication cohort to identify the strongest associations and to evaluate the loci suggested in previous studies. We attempt to identify those SNPs which could impact overall survival irrespective of the age of onset. METHODS: To facilitate the meta-analysis and to refine the association signals, SNPs were imputed using data from the 1000 genomes project. Cox-proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) in 536 @entity1 from the @entity58363 cohort (Prospective study of Outcomes in Sporadic versus @entity0 ) and 805 @entity1 from the HEBCS cohort (Helsinki Breast Cancer Study). These hazard ratios were combined using a Mantel-Haenszel fixed effects meta-analysis and a p-value threshold of 5*10-8 was used to determine significance. Replication was performed in 1523 additional @entity1 from the @entity58363 study. RESULTS: Although no SNPs achieved genome wide significance, three SNPs have significant association in the replication cohort and combined p-values less than 5.6*10-6. These SNPs are; @entity58364 which is 556 kb upstream of @entity58365 (HR=1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.27-1.75, P=1.1*10-6), @entity58366 which is between @entity58367 and @entity58368 (HR=0.75, CI=0.67-0.85, P=1.8*10-6), and @entity58369 which is between @entity58370 and @entity33710 . CONCLUSIONS: In a genome wide meta-analysis of two independent cohorts from UK and Finland, we identified potential associations at three distinct loci. Phenotypic heterogeneity and relatively small sample sizes may explain the lack of genome wide significant findings. However, the replication at three SNPs in the validation cohort shows promise for future studies in larger cohorts. We did not find strong evidence for concordance between the few associations highlighted by previous GWAs of @entity0 survival and this study.

title: A genome wide meta-analysis study for identification of common variation associated with XXXX prognosis.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity581 are antimicrobial agents used frequently in treatment of @entity1 and @entity4409 caused by aerobic, gram-negative bacteria. Because of the @entity137 of these compounds, considerable effort has been attributed to analysis of @entity4028 content in drug preparations, in serum and urine specimen in therapeutic drug monitoring, and in edible animal tissues in residue control. The present review emphasizes the analytical problems associated with @entity4028 analysis. Screening methods based on microbiological and immunological procedures were briefly discussed. Gas chromatography and especially high-performance liquid chromatography appeared the most widely used chemical methods for the analysis of these compounds. Due to lack of volatility, chromophore, and hydrophility of @entity581 , most methods applied derivatization for enhancement of their chromatographic characteristics. The applicability and advantages of the various derivatization procedures were discussed in detail. A wide variety of detection methods, including mass spectrometry have been used. Packed column separation was generally used for gas chromatographic separation. In liquid chromatography, reversed phase, ion pair, ion exchange, and normal phase separation has been employed. Mass spectrometry, as a detection method, was discussed in detail. Extraction procedures from body fluids and tissues were emphasized. The performance and the operational conditions of the methods were described and detailed information of the data was provided also in table format.

title: Chromatographic methods for analysis of XXXX antibiotics.

entities_list: @entity4409 :: ('MESH:D000820', 'Disease') :: ['animal diseases']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['Aminoglycosides', 'aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity4028 :: (CHEBI:47779,Chemical) :: ['aminoglycoside']


abstract: The dermatoglyphic patterns of fingertips, palms and soles of 75 male @entity1 with @entity18479 and fra-Xq27 and of 28 obligate female heterozygotes were analyzed and compared with the data from 200 male and 200 female control individuals. The results show that there is a strong association between the fra-X-syndrome and dermatoglyphic peculiarities observed in male @entity1 and also in female heterozygotes. The characteristic dermatoglyphic features of the fra-X-syndrome are: increased frequencies of radial loops, whorls and arches on the fingertips, a pronounced transversal course of palmar ridges, lower a-b RC, absence of c-triradii on the palms, @entity854 , @entity1141 of the papillary ridges and low frequencies of true patterns on the soles. Some of these patterns were found in the female carriers of fra-Xq27 also. The combination of palmar and plantar patterns, expressed by a "log. score-Index", provides a high degree of discrimination between the male @entity1 with fra-X-syndrome and the control group. A preliminary log. score-Index was developed also for the female heterozygotes. A "phantom picture" of the dermatoglyphic stigmata is constructed. We suggest that dermatoglyphic examination of the members of families suspected for fra-Xq27-syndrome can be useful for predicting this state and for diagnosing male hemizygotes and carrier females.

title: Dermatoglyphic peculiarities in families with XXXX and fragile site Xq27: a collaborative study.

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal palmar and plantar creases']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity18479 :: ('MESH:D038901', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked mental retardation']

answer: @entity18479 :: (MESH:D038901,Disease) :: ['X-linked mental retardation']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: @entity1341 is a local anesthetic agent of the @entity6346 class. This drug has been used in many clinical situations including intrathecal infusion. The literature regarding intrathecal @entity1341 is limited to small case studies, and anecdotal reports. This article examines a large @entity1 group receiving @entity1341 with opioids over an extended period of time and analyzes efficacy and safety. The @entity1 had @entity158 related to @entity11252 or @entity5 to the spine. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of intrathecal @entity1341 combined with opioids for treatment of @entity158 of spinal origin when opioids alone were inadequate. The secondary purpose of this study was to determine if the combination of @entity1341 and opioids created a neurological safety risk. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: The study design was retrospective, and involved consecutive medical records review by a disinterested third party. @entity1 SAMPLE: One hundred nine consecutive @entity1 were studied for a total of 6,780 @entity1 weeks of @entity1341 /opioid infusion. These data were compared with a comparable time in the opioid alone treatment arm. The population included 84 noncancer @entity1 and 25 @entity5 @entity1 . OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was @entity158 relief obtained by a group of @entity1 with a combination of @entity1341 and opioids as compared with opioid alone when delivered by intrathecal infusion. The visual analog scale was used to measure @entity158 levels. Secondary objectives included measuring the amount of oral and transdermal medication required (opioid and nonopioid), @entity341 and @entity1 satisfaction. These secondary objectives give a measure of health-care utilization. We also reviewed @entity16 during the combined arm of treatment. METHODS: The study was done retrospectively with 109 consecutive @entity1 . @entity1 chart reviews were used to determine the visual analog scales, amount of oral opioids, oral nonopioid adjuvant and @entity1 satisfaction ratings. @entity1 satisfaction and @entity158 rating was measured by a visual analog scale. Other factors recorded were emergency room visits, doctor's visits (other than the primary @entity158 physician) and @entity158 center visits. We also reviewed records for @entity51 in the opioid arm and the combined arm. The t test was used to analyze statistical significance. RESULTS: The findings suggested that in the combination arm the @entity158 relief was significantly better (p=.008), the number of oral opioids used were significantly less (p=.008), the number of oral nonopioid adjuvants were reduced, the number of doctor's visits were less in the combined arm (p=.008), the number of @entity158 were less (p=.03), the number of emergency visits were significantly less (p=.01) and @entity1 satisfaction was better (p=.003). The total dose of @entity1286 was reduced by 23% in the combined arm (p=.005). During the course of treatment with intrathecal @entity1341 , there were no irreversible complications. CONCLUSION: @entity1341 , when used in combination with opioids, is a helpful and safe method of treatment in a select population of @entity1 who have not responded to intrathecal opioids alone.

title: Clinical experience with intrathecal XXXX in combination with opioid for the treatment of chronic pain related to @entity11252 and @entity5 @entity158 of the spine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency visits, routine office visits']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity11252 :: ('MESH:D055111', 'Disease') :: ['failed back surgery syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine', 'Bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain clinic visits', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: Seventeen @entity1 with @entity1204 were studied. Tissues of primary (P) and metastatic (M) lesions were obtained from 8 @entity1 and complete sets of P, M and Recurrent (R) lesions were obtained from 9 @entity1 during a follow-up period of 1-10 years. Expressions of @entity172 receptors, @entity1420 receptors, @entity31258 , @entity1722 , membrane-type metalloproteinase, @entity1 telomerase RNA, @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase RNA, E-cadherin and autocrine motility factor receptor were studied by RT-PCR. Also, telomeric restriction fragment length (TRFL) and microsatellite instability were determined between P, M and R. The results indicate that there are significant differences in the gene expression frequency during @entity5 progression. The mismatch rate ranged from 0 to 47.1% between P and M and from 14.3% to 66.7% between P and R, respectively. The TRFL analysis showed a marked reduction in P and M (P vs. M: 8.2 +/- 0.9 vs. 5.6 +/- 0.4 kb, mean +/-SEM, n = 9, p = 0.002 by paired Student's t test). The length further decreased in R (P vs. R: 8.2 +/- 0.9 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.7, p = 0.01, M vs. R: 5.6 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.7, p = 0.005). The genomic instability/replication error was tested by AluI arbitrary primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR). Five out of 17 @entity1 showed an altered replication error pattern (29.4%). The mean number of abnormal AluI AP-PCR patterns in M and R compared to the P was 1.5 (M) and 4 (R). The difference between the P and R was statistically significant (p < 0.04). The present data indicate that biological behavior of @entity5 cells in P, M and R may differ significantly.

title: Gene expression in primary, metastatic and recurrent lesions of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity31258 :: ('84798', 'Gene') :: ['multidrug resistance protein-1, multidrug resistance-related protein']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Gram-negative bacteria release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) during growth that contain various membrane components involved in eliciting an inflammatory response, including lipopolysaccharide and virulence factors. However, little is known about the role of OMVs in @entity295 . The objective of this study was to determine how OMVs, derived from @entity526 ( @entity526 , elicit the cellular responses involved in activating the inflammatory cascade, and to determine whether additional virulence factors in pathogenic OMVs augment the inflammatory response. METHODS: @entity1 umbilical endothelial cells were inoculated with OMVs from non-pathogenic @entity526 (npOMV) or pathogenic @entity526 (pOMV) and analyzed for adhesion protein synthesis, cytokine production, and @entity39 factor (NF)-kB translocation. RESULTS: Flow cytometry demonstrated that @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to npOMV or pOMV significantly increased expression of @entity4105 and intercellular adhesion molecule, with a large population of cells demonstrating increased expression of both proteins. @entity650 levels were significantly elevated by 4  h after exposure to npOMV and pOMVs. NF-kB translocation to the nucleus was shown to be induced by npOMV and pOMVs. However, the role of additional virulence factors associated with pOMVs remains undefined. CONCLUSIONS: Both npOMVs and pOMVs are capable of initiating the inflammatory cascade in  endothelial cells. OMVs trigger NF-kB translocation to the nucleus, resulting in up-regulation of adhesion molecules and cytokines, presumably for the recruitment of leukocytes. By eliciting an inflammatory response, OMVs could facilitate the transition from a localized infection to a systemic response, and ultimately @entity295 .

title: Outer membrane vesicles from pathogenic bacteria initiate an inflammatory response in XXXX endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia', 'E. coli', 'E.) coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate blood flow velocity and pulsatility in unilateral @entity5330 during the @entity10 -free period using transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonography. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity10 were recruited during the @entity10 -free period. Maximum mean flow velocity (MFV) and pulsatility index (PI) were measured in the middle cerebral (MCA) and basilar arteries. Controls were @entity10 -free individuals without @entity66 . RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 with right-sided @entity2704 , 25 @entity1 with left-sided @entity2704 , and 19 controls were studied. The MCA PI was higher on the right @entity10 side versus the left @entity10 side (0.97 +/- 0.2 versus 0.86 +/- 0.1 cm/s, P =.02) and versus controls (0.9 +/- 0.2 cm/s, NS). The basilar artery MFV was higher in @entity1 with right-sided @entity10 versus left-sided @entity10 (39.5 +/- 5.6 versus 34.7 +/- 8.2 cm/s, P =.02) and versus controls (38.2 +/- 8 cm/s, NS). No decrease in MFV with age was observed in @entity1 with @entity2704 . CONCLUSIONS: Middle cerebral artery flow pulsatility and basilar artery velocity are higher in @entity1 with right-sided @entity2704 compared with left-sided migraineurs, during the @entity10 -free period. Although these parameters were similar to controls, the differences found during the @entity10 -free period in migraineurs may indicate vascular involvement predisposing to the @entity10 recurrence.

title: Blood flow velocity and pulsatility index differences in @entity1 with unilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity5330 :: ('MESH:D020326', 'Disease') :: ['migraine without aura']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral headache', 'headache']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['migraine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the ability of dynamic ultrasonography (US) to depict finger @entity130 in extreme rock climbers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-four extreme rock climbers (climbing levels 8-11 on a scale ranging from 1 to 11; Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme) with @entity23796 (75 symptomatic and 181 asymptomatic fingers) were examined by using US, with the transducer operating at 12 MHz. The distance between the flexor tendon and phalanx was evaluated in extension and forced flexion at the level of the A2 and A4 annular pulleys as an indicator of tendon bowstringing. A distance between the flexor tendon and phalanx greater than 1.0 mm was interpreted as positive for a @entity130 . US findings were compared with those of magnetic resonance imaging. Surgical correlation was available in seven cases. Statistical analysis was performed by using analysis of variance, the Student t test, and the Bonferroni method. RESULTS: US depicted 16 (100%) of 16 complete A2 @entity397 , nine (100%) of nine complete A4 @entity397 , six (86%) of seven surgically proved complete combined A2 and A3 @entity397 , and 15 (100%) of 15 incomplete A2 @entity397 . Measurement of distance between the flexor tendon and phalanx was significantly different among @entity1 subsets without @entity397 and those with @entity397 (P <.001). The sensitivity of US for depiction of finger @entity130 was 98%, and specificity was 100%. CONCLUSION: Dynamic US allows excellent depiction of finger @entity130 in extreme rock climbers.

title: Finger XXXX in extreme rock climbers: depiction with dynamic US.

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['pulley ruptures', 'incomplete, complete, or complete combined pulley ruptures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['pulley injuries', 'pulley injury']

entities_list: @entity23796 :: ('MESH:D005383', 'Disease') :: ['finger injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['pulley injuries']


abstract: AIMS: Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (ceMRI) has been shown to reliably identify irreversible @entity296 . The aim of this study was to compare the findings on ceMRI with routine clinical markers of @entity296 in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 with acute @entity583 were investigated at 1.5 T. The @entity296 was analysed with a standard cine MR protocol and a stack of short @entity2270 slices encompassing the entire left ventricle. Corresponding short @entity2270 slices were acquired for delayed ceMRI 15-20 min after the administration of 0.2 mmol @entity7241 /kg body weight. Mass of hyperenhancement and peak @entity908 kinase release (peak CK) was determined for each @entity1 . The presenting 12-lead ECG was analysed for ST-elevation on admission and later development of Q-waves. Mass of hyperenhancement correlated moderately well to peak CK (r = 0.65, p < 0.01) and endsystolic volume index (r = 0.55, p < 0.01). Mass of hyperenhancement was inversely correlated to ejection fraction (r = -0.50, p = 0.02). Neither the presence of ST elevation on the admission ECG nor the later development of Q-waves did relate to the transmural extent of hyperenhancement and to the mass of hyperenhancement. CONCLUSION: Mass of hyperenhancement significantly correlates to @entity296 and to peak CK. However, there is no relationship between the findings in ceMRI and 12-lead ECG abnormalities on admission suggesting an advantage of ceMRI in defining transmural extent and depicting small areas of @entity39 .

title: Diagnostic value of routine clinical parameters in XXXX : a comparison to delayed contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Delayed enhancement and routine clinical parameters after @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury', 'global myocardial function']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium-DTPA']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: In @entity1 @entity4281 ( @entity4281 ), @entity13641 are given throughout life because they are only parasitostatic. It has been a longstanding goal to limit treatment, and recent reports suggest that, in selected cases, @entity13641 may be parasitocidal. Previously, we showed that positron -emission tomography (PET) using @entity419 discriminates active from inactive lesions in @entity4281 . We have now performed a 3-year prospective study in 23 @entity1 and conducted a structured treatment interruption in those without signs of PET activity. Disease progression was further assessed by ultrasound, computerized tomography, laboratory parameters, and clinical examination. We found PET-negative lesions in 15 of 23 @entity1 and @entity13641 were discontinued in these @entity1 . After 18 months, @entity1 were reevaluated, and, of the 15 initially PET-negative @entity1 , 8 showed either new activity on PET (n = 6) or signs of clinical progression (n = 2). Reinitiation of @entity13641 halted parasite growth again. No further progression was detected after 36 months. PET had a sensitivity of 91% for the detection of active lesions. In conclusion, despite successful suppression of metabolic activity, in most cases @entity13641 do not kill the parasite. PET is a reliable tool for assessing metabolic activity and for timely detection of relapses. Neither duration of treatment, kind of treatment, lesion size, calcifications, or regressive changes reliably indicate parasite @entity204 . We discourage the discontinuation of @entity13641 in inoperable @entity4281 even after many years of treatment. However, @entity1 with a poor compliance of @entity9158 intake or @entity1 suffering from side effects to @entity13641 might be assessed for PET negativity. If permanent discontinuation of @entity13641 is attempted, the course of disease should be followed by PET.

title: Structured treatment interruption in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['[(18)F]fluoro-deoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity13641 :: ('MESH:D001562', 'Chemical') :: ['benzimidazoles']

entities_list: @entity9158 :: ('MESH:C031000', 'Chemical') :: ['benzimidazole']

entities_list: @entity4281 :: ('MESH:C536591', 'Disease') :: ['AE', 'alveolar echinococcosis']

answer: @entity4281 :: (MESH:C536591,Disease) :: ['alveolar echinococcosis']


abstract: We report 2 @entity1 diagnosed simultaneously with an overlap of @entity5011 ( @entity5011 ) and @entity4894 ( @entity4894 ), who had anti-GT1a, anti-GQ1b, anti-GD1a and anti-GD1b antibodies. There was no identifiable specific preceding infection. Both @entity1 presented with @entity3140 and severe @entity425 , bulbar and @entity425 , @entity4610 and @entity4894 . In one, electrophysiology demonstrated multifocal conduction blocks (CBs) and mild motor conduction velocity slowing in intermediate segments and absent sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs). The @entity1 improved rapidly and fully recovered within 18 days from onset. CBs resolved, distal compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes increased and SNAPs normalized on subsequent testing. In the other @entity1 , initial studies showed low/normal CMAPs, with absent SNAPs, without demyelinating features. This @entity1 fully recovered within 21 days from onset. CMAPs markedly increased, SNAPs improved marginally. These 2 @entity1 exhibited features indicative of the pathophysiological mechanism of conduction failure in motor and sensory fibers. This phenomenon relates to rapidly resolving CBs possibly induced by the transitory and limited attack of antiganglioside antibodies at the axolemma of the nodes of Ranvier not progressing to @entity528 . These cases widen the range of @entity5011 subtypes in which reversible conduction failure has been described, to include @entity3928 with @entity4894 . The factors determining the electrophysiology, as well as the rate, degree and quality of recovery in @entity5011 subtypes remain uncertain at the present time.

title: Motor and sensory conduction failure in overlap of XXXX : two simultaneous cases.

entities_list: @entity4894 :: ('MESH:D019846', 'Disease') :: ['MFS', 'areflexia', 'Miller Fisher syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['overlap syndromes']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness', 'facial weakness']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper and lower limb paresthesias']

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmoparesis']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration']

answer: @entity4894 :: (MESH:D019846,Disease) :: ['Guillain-Barr   and Miller Fisher syndrome']


abstract: The @entity1314 observed during unipolar and bipolar @entity308 are known for years by german psychiatry as depressive temperament. In USA many works based on DSM III criteria have studied @entity1314 coexisting with @entity308 . The most frequently abnormalities are dependent, avoidant, compulsive, border line @entity1314 , observed with a frequency of 48% (P.A. Pilkonis) to 74% of @entity1 (T.M. Shea et al.). But the @entity1314 traits or disorders are not the disorders only observed during remissions and intercrisis. Our personal work have studied the other disorders. This work concern pre-morbid period and intercrisis of 95 manic- @entity308 @entity1 (45 unipolar and 50 bipolar @entity1 ). The time of remission is at least three months. Remission is certified by maximum scores of 10 on MADRS, 12 on Bech-Rafaelsen scale. The study of @entity1314 traits and other @entity146 is based on DSM III-R criteria. It is completed by Hamilton-Anxiety-Scale, Eysenck Personality Inventory and Beth-Israel Questionnaire of Sifneos. This study shows the following results. In pre-morbid period, the @entity148 are statistically more frequent in unipolar @entity1 : generalized @entity148 (35%), @entity4697 (27%), @entity5539 (30.5%). During intercrisis, the @entity148 are statistically more frequent in unipolar @entity1 : generalized @entity148 (51.1%), @entity8396 (31.1%) obsessive disorders (26.6%), @entity4697 (18.2%). But this co-morbidity with @entity74 is highly correlated with the incomplete characteristic of remission. During remission the @entity1314 are similar to american studies, more frequent in unipolar @entity1 , particularly obsessive @entity1314 (22.2 to 4%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Study of the remission period (between crises) of unipolar and @entity308 . Personal study of 95 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['manic-depressive disorders', 'depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity8396 :: ('MESH:D000379', 'Disease') :: ['agoraphobia']

entities_list: @entity5539 :: ('MESH:D011602', 'Disease') :: ['psychosomatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['anxious disorders']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality abnormalities', 'personality']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Two developments in molecular genetics will profoundly influence our understanding and the diagnosis of @entity65 . First, the identification of genes responsible for monogenic and polygenic traits by analysis of e.g. large pedigrees and affected sib pairs provides invaluable data regarding the role of specific genes in @entity66 like @entity4288 , @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity715 /hemostasis and @entity28 . Besides the insights into the underlying pathophysiology, this knowledge will permit to identify @entity1 at high risk for disease development. These @entity1 can then obtain a targeted intervention. The second development is related to the availability of new analytical tools for molecular biology. New methods such as sequencing by hybridisation (SBH), DNA-array technology or matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight mass spectroscopy ( @entity11298 ) permit sequence analysis of complete genes within hours. Automated PCR-technologies with homogenous amplicon detection formats simplify PCR and permit its use in the routine laboratory setting. Considering @entity65 there is a number of genes involved in lipid metabolism (apolipoproteins, lipoprotein receptors, lipolytic enzymes), @entity715 /hemostasis (platelet receptors, pro- and anticoagulant proteins, @entity2002 , PAI's), @entity101 (angiotensin converting enzyme, @entity2178 ) @entity413 metabolism ( @entity413 transporters, enzymes) and @entity28 (hormones, receptors), that are interesting candidates for sophisticated genetic risk assessment. Furthermore, there are also gene candidates involved in processes of early atherogenesis and @entity32 such as complement proteins, cell adhesion molecules, and cellular receptors and enzymes. Most of these gene candidates were derived from pathophysiologic knowledge and subsequent epidemiological studies. However, it is foreseeable that in the coming years genes will be identified which were not known so far to be involved in @entity65 . Genetic studies will be of prime importance in this area, as is exemplified by animal models. In the long term, analysis of these candidate genes before the implementation of therapy will permit a targeted intervention approach towards high risk @entity1 . This will reduce the overall costs of health care without reducing the quality.

title: Recent advances in molecular genetics of XXXX . Implications for atherosclerosis and diseases of cellular lipid metabolism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['common diseases']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensinogen']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disorders', 'cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disorders']


abstract: Autopsy findings are described of six cases (from four families) of @entity9595 , a defect featured by severe prenatal @entity68 storage in the liver and in a number of visceral organs similarly as in the hereditary adult-type @entity9595 . Genetically, the two disorders are different, however. All the cases showed a characteristic @entity409 with heavy @entity68 deposits in the liver cells, lobular disarray and intralobular @entity82 , tendency towards multinuclear hepatocyte formation, ultimately resulting in pigmented @entity82 and @entity1578 . In five instances the @entity82 present was @entity3202 , in one case it was hepatomegalic. @entity204 occurred prenatally in one case (31st week), perinatally in three, and two cases died as young @entity1 . The mechanism of the @entity409 , mainly that of @entity68 accumulation, has remained unresolved. Extrahepatally, @entity5437 affected various epithelia (in particular, thyreocytes, @entity8 and those of pancreatic acini) and myocardial cells which, however, did not show any damage. In two instances the placenta was conspicuously hyperplastic, in one case it showed prominent hydropic transformation of its villi. In one case there was simultaneous cytomegaly. Entities which must be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity9595 because of considerable hepatic and extrahepatic @entity68 accumulation have been discussed.

title: Neonatal (perinatal) XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5437 :: ('MESH:D006486', 'Disease') :: ['hemosiderosis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal distal tubular epithelia']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disorder', 'liver damage']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal hemochromatosis', 'hemochromatosis']

answer: @entity9595 :: (MESH:D006432,Disease) :: ['hemochromatosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Peatlands can be a potential source of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in fresh water catchment areas. The quantity and quality of DOM can differ between pristine, degraded and rewetted peatlands. Due to the large scale and continuing losses of peatlands, their conservation and restoration has been increasingly emphasized. Mostly rewetting measures are required to improve the hydrology of damaged peatlands, which is a precondition for the resettlement of peat-forming plant species. Thus, in term of DOM, there is a special need to understand how rewetting measures affect DOM characteristics and concentrations. To estimate the potential leaching of humic substances from rewetted areas two natural sites were compared with four artificially rewetted sites in a peatland area of the Harz Mountains National Park, Germany. This was done with regards to DOM quality by combining the results from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR- @entity15 , measured at one time in Spring) and excitation-emission-matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (EEMF, measured monthly for the period of one year). The DOM quality was significantly less variable in the pristine peatland soil water compared to the rewetted peatland soil waters, from both a spatial and a seasonal perspective. The soil water from the rewetted peatland sites showed a higher degree of humification compared to pristine peatland. @entity4420 concentration was mostly consistent in the pristine peatland over the year. The rewetted peatlands showed higher @entity4420 levels in Summer months and lower @entity4420 in Winter months compared to the pristine peatland. It can be concluded that the rewetting of peatlands is coupled with high concentrations of @entity4420 in soil water and its quality is highly aromatic (as reflected by the observed values from the humification index) during times with elevated temperature. The results may have a significant input for dynamic catchment area studies with regards to rewetting peatland sites.

title: Differences in DOM of rewetted and natural peatlands - Results from high-field FT-ICR- XXXX and bulk optical parameters.

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: Many previous qualitative studies have shown that @entity5 are less vascular in the centre, and that host tissues become more vascular in close proximity to @entity5 . However, quantitative findings presented here for @entity1 @entity14 reveal some significant differences. Sections from 20 @entity14 (ten moderately and ten poorly differentiated) were immunostained with the QB/end/10 monoclonal to demonstrate blood vessels. These were measured by interactive morphometry and vascular volume density, surface density (Sv) and length density were recorded. In poorly differentiated @entity189 , the @entity5 centre was significantly less vascular than the periphery for all three parameters (P = 0.008 for Sv). However, no significant difference was seen for moderately differentiated @entity5 , which constitute the majority of @entity14 . Surrounding host tissues did not show a general increase in vascular density close to @entity5 . Furthermore, when total viable tissue was considered, the vascular density of @entity189 was not markedly different from normal mucosa. In the centre of moderately differentiated @entity189 for example, the mean value for Sv was only 1.4 times higher than the mean value for normal mucosa. These findings suggest that @entity14 may elicit a relatively weak angiogenic response, consistent with their exceptionally slow growth rate.

title: Evidence for a weak angiogenic response to XXXX @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer', 'colorectal carcinomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Abstract Background: @entity683 can cause severe @entity281 in hematology/oncology @entity1 . The occurrence of the 2009 pandemic represented an opportunity to study the impact of @entity683 on such @entity1 in pandemic and post-pandemic seasons. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of hematology/oncology @entity1 who had laboratory-confirmed @entity281 during the 2009 pandemic and the first post-pandemic seasons. We assessed @entity683 -related outcomes in both seasons with emphasis on the development of @entity55 and mortality. We also analyzed factors associated with poor outcomes. RESULTS: We included 350 @entity1 ; 207 were diagnosed in the pandemic and 143 in the post-pandemic seasons. @entity683 severity was similar in both seasons with no significant differences in the development of @entity55 or @entity204 . Infection with the pH1N1 virus was associated with the development of @entity55 (24.7% vs 14.9%, p = 0.029) but did not affect mortality. A multivariate analysis showed that initiation of antiviral treatment after > 48 h, healthcare acquisition of @entity683 , and low albumin were independent risk factors for the development of @entity55 (p values 0.022, 0.003, and < 0.0001, respectively). A log-rank test showed increased mortality in @entity1 who received therapy > 48 h after onset of symptoms (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In hematology/oncology @entity1 , @entity683 was as severe in the post-pandemic as in the pandemic season. @entity55 developed more commonly in @entity1 infected with pH1N1 virus. Healthcare acquisition of @entity281 and low albumin were associated with the development of @entity55 . Delayed initiation of antiviral treatment was associated with both @entity55 and mortality.

title: Clinical presentations and outcomes of XXXX among hematology/oncology @entity1 from a single cancer center: pandemic and post-pandemic seasons.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'Influenza']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'influenza infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['influenza infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: AIOT (Italian Association of Thoracic Oncology) produces up-to-date, clinical practice guidelines for the management of @entity2 in Italy. Guidelines were developed by answering clinical relevant questions. Here we report only major clinical issues concerning the management of advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: A PubMed search was performed to identify published data until December 2009. Abstracts presented at the main International meetings between 2004 and 2009 were also searched. The writing committee developed and graded recommendations, which were subsequently revised by experts. The search has been subsequently updated for this manuscript in December 2010. RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity470 ( @entity470 ) mutation positive @entity5 , @entity4562 is recommended as first-line treatment. In presence of @entity470 mutation negative or unknown status, @entity1 with advanced squamous @entity1149 , with good performance status (PS) and without major co-morbidities, chemotherapy with third-generation regimens containing @entity900 is the recommended treatment. In non-squamous @entity1149 @entity1 , also @entity900 plus pemetrexed and @entity902 -based chemotherapy plus bevacizumab should be considered. @entity3003 is a valid option for @entity1 unsuitable for @entity900 . Maintenance therapy with pemetrexed or @entity3866 is a reasonable choice if allowed by reimbursement procedures and discussed with @entity1 . Elderly @entity1 , defined as >=  70 years old, should receive third-generation single-agent chemotherapy, but in elderly @entity1 with good PS, without major co-morbidities and with adequate organ function, @entity902 -based doublets with attenuated doses can be a valid option. In PS 2 @entity1 , single-agent third-generation drug is a reasonable choice. Combination chemotherapy with @entity3003 or low doses of @entity900 is a suitable alternative. For second-line treatment, two cytotoxic drugs ( @entity1205 and pemetrexed, the latter only in @entity5 ), and @entity3866 , an @entity470 inhibitor, are available. There are no strong data to help the choice between chemotherapy and @entity3866 . CONCLUSIONS: Many developments have been made in advanced @entity1149 treatment, and the appropriate use of available therapeutic approaches and the improved understanding of lung @entity5 continue to enhance the outcomes on the basis of well-designed clinical trials which address critical issues in this population.

title: Treatment of advanced XXXX : Italian Association of Thoracic Oncology (AIOT) clinical practice guidelines.

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['non-squamous tumours', 'cancer molecular abnormalities', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: @entity11278 is defined as a combination of @entity548 and @entity631 . We report an unusual case of @entity3555 presenting with @entity548 and rapidly progressive @entity631 as the initial manifestations of the disease. A 37-year-old @entity1 was admitted with fever, @entity5492 , and @entity1353 . Admission examinations revealed severe @entity177 requiring dialysis therapy. Chest radiograph showed extensive @entity358 . Echocardiography revealed @entity1757 . Furthermore, blood cultures grew viridians group streptococci. The kidney and lung biopsies demonstrated diffuse cresentic @entity631 and @entity548 , respectively. @entity3555 was diagnosed according to the Duke criteria and the @entity1 was treated with intravenous antibiotic therapy. The @entity358 disappeared gradually. However, renal function did not improve, even after trial of a course of immunosuppressive therapy. The @entity1 survived and remained on regular hemodialysis. We conclude that @entity3555 should be included in the differential diagnosis of @entity11278 .

title: XXXX in a @entity1 with @entity3555 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hemorrhage', 'alveolar hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity11278 :: ('MESH:C538458', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary-renal syndrome', 'Pulmonary-renal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5492 :: ('MESH:D006469', 'Disease') :: ['hemoptysis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary reticulonodular infiltrates', 'pulmonary infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity3555 :: ('MESH:D004697', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial endocarditis', 'bacterial endocarditis']

answer: @entity11278 :: (MESH:C538458,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary-renal syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To examine whether function and @entity158 outcomes of @entity1 undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are changing over time. METHODS: The Mayo Clinic Total Joint Registry provided data for time-trends in preoperative and 2-year post-operative activity limitation and @entity158 in primary TKA @entity1 from 1993-2005. We used chi-square test and analysis for variance, as appropriate. Multivariable-adjusted analyses were done using logistic regression. RESULTS: In a cohort of 7,229 @entity1 who underwent primary TKA during 1993-2005, mean age was 68.4 years (standard deviation (SD), 9.8), mean BMI was 31.1 (SD, 6.0) and 55% were @entity1 . Crude estimates showed that preoperative moderate-severe overall limitation were seen in 7.3% fewer @entity1 and preoperative moderate-severe @entity158 in 2.7% more @entity1 in 2002-05, compared to 1992-95 (p   <   0.001 for both). At 2-years, crude estimates indicated that compared to 1992-95, moderate-severe post-TKA overall limitation was seen in 4.7% more @entity1 and moderate-severe post-TKA @entity158 in 3.6% more @entity1 in 2002-05, both statistically significant (p    <=   0.018) and clinically meaningful. In multivariable-adjusted analyses that adjusted for age, sex, @entity148 , @entity308 , Deyo-Charlson index, body mass index and preoperative @entity158 /limitation, @entity1 had worse outcomes 2-year post-TKA in 2002-2005 compared to 1993-95 with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval (CI); p-value) of 1.34 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.76, p   =   0.037) for moderate-severe activity limitation and 1.79 (95% CI: 1.17, 2.75, p   =   0.007) for moderate-severe @entity158 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 -reported function and @entity158 outcomes after primary TKA have worsened over the study period 1993-95 to 2002-05. This time-trend is independent of changes in preoperative @entity158 /limitation and certain @entity1 characteristics.

title: Are outcomes after total knee arthroplasty worsening over time? A time-trends study of activity limitation and XXXX outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the utility of radioguided parathyroidectomy for @entity1 with @entity2742 , we studied the properties of 180 resected, hyperfunctioning @entity3243 . SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND DATA: Radioguided resection of hyperfunctioning @entity3243 has been shown to be technically feasible in @entity1 with @entity3243 . Radioguided excision may obviate the need for intraoperative frozen section because excised @entity3243 uniformly have radionuclide ex vivo counts >20% of background. The feasibility and applicability of radioguided techniques for @entity1 with @entity3243 are unclear. METHODS: Between March 2001 and September 2002, 102 @entity1 underwent neck exploration for primary (n = 77) and secondary/tertiary (n = 25) @entity2742 . All @entity1 received an injection of 10 mCi of Tc-99m sestamibi the day of surgery. Using a gamma probe, intraoperative scanning was performed, looking for in vivo radionuclide counts > background to localize abnormal @entity3243 . After excision, radionuclide counts of each ex vivo @entity3243 gland were determined and expressed as a percentage of background counts.RESULTS Although @entity1 with single @entity652 had higher mean background radionuclide counts, the average in vivo counts of all enlarged glands were higher than background. Notably, in vivo counts did not differ between @entity1412 , suggesting equal sensitivity for intraoperative gamma detection. Ectopically located glands were identified in 22 cases and all were accurately localized using the gamma probe. Postresection, mean ex vivo radionuclide counts were highest in the single @entity3243 and lowest in @entity5072 . Importantly, in all @entity5072 , the ex vivo counts were >20%. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity2742 , radioguided surgery is a sensitive adjunct for the intraoperative localization of both @entity1412 . In this series, all 180 enlarged parathyroids were located with the gamma probe. We have also shown that the ">20% rule" for ex vivo counts not only applies to @entity3243 but also to @entity5072 . Therefore, radioguided resection is equally effective and informative for both @entity1412 .

title: Radioguided parathyroidectomy is equally effective for both XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic glands']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous and hyperplastic glands']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid hyperplasia', 'parathyroid glands', 'parathyroid', 'parathyroid adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['adenomatous and hyperplastic glands']