abstract: Evidence from experiments performed in turtle and fish retina suggests that @entity935 (DA) modulates the permeability of gap junctions. The present experiment was aimed at determining if DA has a similar role in the @entity1 neostriatum. Adults @entity35 received one of four treatments: unilateral electrolytic substantia nigra lesions, unilateral injection of @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ) into the substantia nigra, unilateral neocortical aspiration, or no treatment. After 3-5 weeks, neostriata from both sides of the brain were prepared for in vitro intracellular recordings. Recorded neurons (N approximately 150) were filled with Lucifer Yellow (LY), a low molecular weight dye that crosses gap junctions. In animals with electrolytic nigral lesions, dye-coupling in the ipsilateral neostriatum occurred after 38% of the intracellular injections. After @entity2955 lesions, 19% of the injections produced dye-coupling in the ipsilateral neostriatum. This difference may have been accounted for by the fact that electrolytic lesions produced a greater degree of DA loss than @entity2955 injections. Both of these percentages contrast with the very small percentage of dye-coupling found in intact animals or in animals with @entity75 . Dye-coupling occurred only between medium-sized spiny cells. No morphological differences between dye-coupled and non-dye-coupled cells were observed with light microscopy. Overall, passive and active electrophysiological properties of dye-coupled and single neurons were similar. The results suggest that DA may function in the neostriatum to control permeability of gap junctions.

title: Dye-coupling in the neostriatum of the @entity35 : I. Modulation by XXXX -depleting lesions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['neocortical lesions']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: Thirty seven @entity1 with Stage I yolk sac @entity5 of the @entity1062 were registered at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas (I.N.E.N.), Lima-Peru from 1962 through 1980. Eighteen @entity1 underwent retroperitoneal Lymph node dissection. The age incidence was 5 to 29 months except for two @entity1 50 and 84 months of age each. Bilateral retroperitoneal lymph node dissection was performed in seventeen @entity1 ; unilateral dissection was performed in one @entity1 . In two @entity1 both had one positive node at lymphadenectomy (2/18: 11%). Eleven @entity1 (61.11%) are alive and with no evidence of disease in between 7 to 26 years post lymphadenectomy. Seven @entity1 (38.89%) died: 4/18 (22.22%) because of progression of the disease and three @entity1 because of no neoplastic cause. Nineteen @entity1 did not have retroperitoneal lymph node dissection: seven @entity1 (36.84%) are alive with no evidence of disease and 12 @entity1 (63.16%) died: 8/19 (42.10%) because of progression of the disease and 4/19 (21%) with no @entity5 . In conclusion, @entity1 with @entity66 (Clinical Stage I) benefit from retroperitoneal lymph node dissection when compared to a similar group of @entity1 not submitted to lymphadenectomy.

title: Management of yolk sac carcinoma of the XXXX clinical stage I: lymphadenectomy vs. no lymphadenectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

answer: @entity1062 :: (MESH:D013736,Disease) :: ['testis']


abstract: The reproductive role of the fallopian tube is to transport the sperm and egg. The tube is positioned to act as a bridge between the ovary where the egg is released and the uterus where implantation occurs. Throughout reproductive years, the fallopian tube epithelium undergoes @entity16 and regeneration. Although a reservoir of adult epithelial stem cells must exist to replenish damaged cells, they remain unidentified. Here, we report isolation of a subset of basally located @entity1 @entity5274 ( @entity5274 ) that lack markers of ciliated (b-tubulin; @entity537 ) or secretory ( @entity15529 ) differentiated cells. These undifferentiated cells expressed cell surface antigens: epithelial cell adhesion molecule, @entity1759 , and integrin a 6. This @entity5274 subpopulation was fivefold enriched for cells capable of clonal growth and self-renewal suggesting that they contain the @entity5274 stem-like cells (FTESCs). A twofold enrichment of the FTESC was found in the distal compared to the proximal end of the tube. The distal fimbriated end of the fallopian tube is a well-characterized locus for @entity189 . An expansion of the cells expressing markers of FTESC was detected in @entity189 and in fallopian tubes from @entity1 with invasive @entity5 . These findings suggest that FTESC may play a @entity5 . Characterization of these stem-like cells will provide new insight into how the @entity5274 regenerate, respond to injury, and may initiate @entity5 .

title: Stem-like epithelial cells are concentrated in the distal end of the fallopian tube: a site for XXXX initiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['role in the initiation of serous tumors', 'serous cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['repetitive damage']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['tubal intraepithelial carcinomas', 'initiation of serous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['FTE', 'fallopian tube epithelia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['injury and serous cancer']


abstract: The anatomical substrate and behavioral pharmacology of stimulation-produced @entity1337 resulting from electrical stimulation of the pontomesencephalic nucleus cuneiformis (NCF) was determined in the present study. Maximum increase in nociceptive tail-flick latencies following NCF stimulation occurred during the first 5 min post stimulation and decreased afterwards. The increased reflex latency could be attenuated by prior treatment with the narcotic antagonist, @entity1510 or the cholinergic antagonist, @entity5591 . The anatomical projections of NCF were identified in autoradiographic and histochemical studies. Ipsilateral fibers coursed caudal from the NCF injection site through the ventral pontine reticular formation to innervate nucleus raphe magnus and the ipsilateral nucleus magnocellularis. At rostral medullary levels fibers coursed dorsolateral to innervate the ipsilateral nucleus reticularis parvocellularis. Descending contralateral fibers crossed through the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle, then coursed ventrolaterally projecting to the contralateral nucleus magnocellularis. Two primary groups of ascending fibers were observed. The dorsally located group ascended through the central tegmental tract projecting to the dorsal raphe, ipsilateral periaqueductal gray, @entity10789 and centromedianus, the intermediolateral and lateral thalamic nuclei. The ventral group coursed ventrolateral from the injection site projecting to the substantia nigra, zona compacta, ventral tegmental area of Tsai, zona incerta, Fields of Forel, lateral hypothalamic nucleus and nucleus reuniens. These anatomic and behavioral data suggest that NCF plays an important role in sensory/motor integration relevant to @entity158 transmission.

title: Nucleus cuneiformis and XXXX modulation: anatomy and behavioral pharmacology.

entities_list: @entity10789 :: ('MESH:D002527', 'Disease') :: ['nucleus parafascicularis']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Bacterial isolates were obtained from groundwater and soils contaminated with @entity30170 (CB). The isolates were tested to determine whether the natural community could remove the groundwater contaminants. These isolates were identified and characterized as to their ability to grow on CB and related aromatic compounds. The complete consortium could mineralize approximately 54% of the CB within 7 days, with no accumulation of @entity43930 . Metabolic pathways were evaluated for several isolates. One phenotype was characterized by the ability to degrade CB by the modified ortho pathway. One strain also degraded @entity28770 by using the same pathway. Isolates exhibiting a second phenotype degraded @entity607 , @entity7935 , and @entity3971 by the classical ortho pathway and accumulated @entity43930 when grown in the presence of CB. Strains of the third phenotype grew on complex media in the presence of CB but did not transform any of the aromatic compounds tested. The results suggest that the indigenous microbial community at the contaminated site would be able to degrade CB if provided with the appropriate conditions.

title: XXXX degradation by bacteria isolated from contaminated groundwater.

entities_list: @entity30170 :: ('MESH:C031294', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorobenzene']

entities_list: @entity28770 :: ('MESH:C018511', 'Chemical') :: ['p-dichlorobenzene']

entities_list: @entity43930 :: ('MESH:C031137', 'Chemical') :: ['3-chlorocatechol']

answer: @entity30170 :: (MESH:C031294,Chemical) :: ['Chlorobenzene']


abstract: The reflex effects of noxious mechanical stimulation of a hindpaw or abdominal skin on ovarian blood flow, and the reflex pathways involved in those responses were examined in anesthetized @entity35 . Blood flow in the left ovary was measured using a laser Doppler flowmeter, and the activity of the left ovarian sympathetic nerve and mean arterial pressure (MAP) of the common carotid artery were recorded. Stimulation of the left or right hindpaw for 30 s produced marked @entity2670 and MAP. Ovarian blood flow slightly decreased during the stimulation and then slightly increased after the stimulation. After the left ovarian sympathetic nerves were severed, the same stimulus produced a remarkable monophasic @entity2670 that was explained by passive vasodilation due to a marked increase in MAP. After spinal transection at the third thoracic (T3) level, the responses of MAP, ovarian sympathetic nerve activity, and ovarian blood flow to hindpaw stimulation were nearly abolished. Stimulation of the abdomen at the right or left side for 30 s produced slight @entity2670 and MAP. Ovarian blood flow slightly decreased during the stimulation and then slightly increased after the stimulation. After the ovarian sympathetic nerves were severed, the response of the ovarian blood flow changed to a monophasic increase due to an increase in MAP. After spinal transection, stimulation of the left abdomen produced a moderate increase in MAP, a remarkable @entity2670 and a slight @entity43 during the stimulation. In contrast, stimulation of the right abdomen produced a smaller response in ovarian sympathetic nerve activity during the stimulation while it increased the MAP to a similar degree. Ovarian blood flow slightly increased after the end of stimulation, which was explained as passive vasodilation due to the increase in MAP. In conclusion, stimulation of somatic afferents affects ovarian blood flow by inducing changes in ovarian sympathetic nerve activities and blood pressure. When stimulation was applied to a hindpaw whose segment of afferent input is far from the segment of the ovarian sympathetic nerves, it took a supraspinal reflex pathway. However, when stimulation was applied to the abdomen whose spinal segment of the afferent is close to the segment of the ovarian sympathetic nerve output, there are spinal segmental reflex pathways. The present results demonstrate that spinal reflexes depend on the laterality of the stimulus, while supraspinal reflexes do not depend on the laterality of the stimulus.

title: Cutaneous Mechanical Stimulation Regulates Ovarian Blood Flow via Activation of Spinal and Supraspinal Reflex Pathways in Anesthetized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in ovarian blood flow']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['increase in ovarian sympathetic nerve activity', 'increase in ovarian blood flow', 'increases in ovarian sympathetic nerve activity']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: We reported a case who had suffered from severe @entity1907 in association with severe @entity3147 . A 19-year-old @entity1 was admitted complaining of high fever, productive cough and body @entity353 . Before admission, he worked as a cook for long hours a day and had meals irregularly. On admission, he was cachexic. Coarse crackles were auscultated on the both lung field, and the liver was enlarged. Chest X-ray revealed multiple ringed and mottled shadows mainly in bilateral upper and middle lung field. Laboratory examination revealed @entity32 defined by an increase of white blood cells, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and positive CRP, @entity409 and cell-mediated immunity, @entity519 and @entity358 . Ziehl-Neelsen stain of sputum showed a large number of acid fast bacilli. The assessment of his nutritional status showed decrease in anthropometric measurements, visceral proteins and the Fischer ratio, which suggested that he was in the status of @entity7493 in association with @entity535 imbalance. He was treated with nutritional therapy in addition to antituberculous drugs, which improved his clinical symptoms, laboratory data and nutritional assessment. These results suggested the importance of nutritional assessment and nutritional therapy based on it.

title: [A case of severe @entity1907 associated with XXXX in special reference to nutritional assessment].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory reaction']

entities_list: @entity7493 :: ('MESH:D011502', 'Disease') :: ['protein-calorie malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of liver function']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['restrictive lung dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Study on the promotive effects of @entity57111 on carcinogenesis process was performed, based on the immortalization of @entity1 fetal esophageal epithelium induced by @entity1082 ) 18E6E7 genes. METHODS: The immortalized esophageal epithelium SHEE was induced by HPV18E6E7. The cells at 17th passages were cultured in 50 ml flasks. The @entity57111 ( @entity57112 ) 0, 2, 4, 8 mmol/L added to the cultured medium of SHEE cells for 3 weeks. The morphology, proliferation and apoptosis of the cells were studied by phase contrast microscopy and flow cytometry. Modal number of chromosomes was analyzed by standard method. Tumorigenicity of the cells was assessed by soft agar colony formation and by transplantation of cells into @entity19 . Expression of HPV was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: When cells were exposed to high concentration (8 mmol/L) of NPIP, cell death was increased, leaving a few live cells. In normal cultural medium instead of NPIP proliferative status of the cells restored after 4 weeks and the cells progressed to the proliferation stage with continuous replication and @entity1373 . At the end of the 8th week, the cells appeared with large colonies in soft-agar and @entity5 formation in transplanted @entity19 . When the cells were cultured in 2, 4 mmol/L NPIP the doubling passage was delayed and without @entity5 formation in transplanted @entity19 . Modal number of chromosomes was 61-65, in 8 mmol/L NPIP group and control group, 56-61. Expression of HPV18 appeared in experimental and control groups. CONCLUSION: NPIP promotes malignant change of the immortalized esophageal epithelial cells induced by HPV18E6E7. HPV18E6E7 synergy with NPIP will accelerate malignant transformation in esophageal epithelium.

title: [The promotive effects of XXXX on the malignant transformation of the immortalized esophageal epithelium induced by @entity1082 ].

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['atypical hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity57111 :: ('MESH:C002743', 'Chemical') :: ['N-nitrosopiperidine']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity57111 :: (MESH:C002743,Chemical) :: ['N-nitrosopiperidine']


abstract: Severe @entity580 and multidrug resistance (MDR) are associated with a poor prognosis for @entity1 in intensive care units. This is partly because most of these @entity1 suffer from high disease severity and @entity697 . Nevertheless, the mortality attributed directly to infection can also be devastating. However, the attributable mortality can be limited by taking account of a number of key points. General infection prevention measures, prevention of cross-transmission and a policy of restricted antimicrobial use are all important because of their positive influence on the rates of infection and MDR. In turn, this will increase the odds for successful empirical coverage of the causative microorganism. Once infection occurs, benefits are to be expected from early recognition of the septic episode and prompt initiation of empirical antimicrobial therapy. The choice of empirical therapy should be based on the local bacterial ecology and patterns of resistance, the presence of risk-factors for MDR, and the colonisation status of the @entity1 . Attention should also be given to adequate doses of antimicrobial agents and, if possible, elimination of the sources of infection, e.g., contaminated devices or intra-abdominal collections or leakages. In the latter case, timely surgical intervention is essential. In addition, haemodynamic stabilisation and optimisation of tissue oxygenation can save lives.

title: Limiting the attributable mortality of XXXX and multidrug resistance in intensive care units.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute illness before the onset of infection']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['nosocomial infection']


abstract: Monoclonal antibody (MAb) AP64 is a @entity19 IgM MAb raised against @entity1 @entity981 ( @entity981 ) cells. It has been shown to bind to a wide variety of cell lines and is capable of initiating complement (C) dependent @entity137 . Other studies indicated that MAb AP64 can effect long term cure in a @entity1778 minimal @entity66 model. By using various techniques we have determined the identity of a protein which is bound by this MAb. Immunofluorescent studies have shown that MAb AP64 stains the nuclei of fixed cells as well as metaphase chromosomes, indicating that this MAb binds to a component of chromatin. Biochemical characterization revealed that MAb AP64 western blots a 31 and 32 kilodalton doublet from @entity10385 extracts from both @entity35 and @entity1 @entity1778 cells. The mobility of this doublet is identical under reducing and non-reducing conditions. Further studies have shown that the bands detected by western blot analysis using MAb AP64 as a probe have a similar migration to those of @entity291 histone H1. Also, 1 nanogram of @entity291 histone H1 can be detected by MAb AP64 when spotted onto nitrocellulose. These data demonstrate that MAb AP64 binds to a conserved epitope present on molecules coded for by the histone H1 gene family.

title: A cytotoxic monoclonal anti- XXXX antibody binds to histone H1.

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute non-lymphocytic leukemia', 'ANLL']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: It is well known that @entity4494 cells (SGCs) degenerate in hair-cell-depleted cochleas and that treatment with exogenous neurotrophins can prevent this degeneration. Several studies reported that, in addition, SGC size decreases after deafening and increases after neurotrophic treatment. The dynamics of these cell size changes are not well known. In a first experiment we measured size, shape (circularity) and intracellular density of SGCs in @entity840 at various moments after deafening (1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks) and at various cochlear locations. In a second experiment, the effect of treatment with @entity31593 ( @entity31593 ) on SGC morphology was investigated at various cochlear locations in deafened @entity840 . We found that SGC size gradually decreased after deafening in the basal and middle cochlear turns. Already after one week a decrease in size was observed, which was well before the number of SGCs started to decrease. After @entity31593 treatment SGCs became noticeably larger than normal throughout the cochlea, including the middle and apical turns, whereas an effect on survival of SGCs was primarily observed in the basal turn. Thus, both after deafening and after neurotrophic treatment a change in size occurs before survival is affected. Morphological changes were not restricted to a subpopulation of SGCs. We argue that although changes in cell size and changes in survival might be manifestations of two separate mechanisms, morphological measures such as size, circularity and intracellular density are indicative for survival and degeneration.

title: @entity4494 cell morphology in XXXX after deafening and neurotrophic treatment.

entities_list: @entity31593 :: ('100135487(Tax:10141)', 'Gene') :: ['BDNF', 'brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['spiral ganglion']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between antenatal exposure to Swedish oral moist snuff (which includes essentially only @entity1239 ) and to smoking and risks of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) births and to compare risks among @entity1 who stopped or continued using snuff or smoking during pregnancy. DESIGN: Population-based cohort study. SETTING: Sweden. POPULATION: All live singleton births in Sweden 1999-2010. METHODS: Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using multiple logistic regression analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: SGA birth, also stratified into preterm ( <=36  weeks of gestation) and term (>= 37  weeks of gestation) SGA births. RESULTS: Compared with non- @entity286 users in early pregnancy, snuff users and above all smokers in early pregnancy had increased risks of SGA births: adjusted ORs (95% CI) were 1.26 (1.09-1.46) and 2.55 (2.43-2.67), respectively). Snuff use had, if anything, a stronger association with preterm SGA than term SGA, whereas the opposite was true for smoking. Compared with non- @entity286 users, @entity1 who stopped using snuff before their first visit to antenatal care had no increased risks of preterm or term SGA, and @entity1 who stopped using snuff later during pregnancy had no increased risk of term SGA. Smoking cessation early in pregnancy was associated with a larger reduction in risk than smoking cessation later in pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: As both smoking and snuff use influence risk of SGA, both @entity1239 but above all @entity286 combustion products are involved in the mechanisms by which maternal smoking increases the risk of SGA.

title: Changes in snuff and smoking habits in Swedish pregnant XXXX and risk for small for gestational age births.

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The effectiveness of any therapy in acute @entity13378 or @entity2459 of unknown origin has not been demonstrated convincingly. The assessment is difficult because of a relatively high rate of spontaneous recovery. Nevertheless, many different forms of treatment are recommended. We tested one form, treatment with rheoactive substances, in a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial and compared treatment with (a) infusions of dextran-40 with @entity1502 , (b) saline infusions with pentoxifylline, and (c) saline infusions with placebo medication. Pure-tone hearing thresholds served as control parameters and were taken before treatment and at 1 and 4 weeks after the onset of therapy. Three hundred eighty-two @entity1 were included in the trial, 331 (87%) could be analyzed, 184 @entity1 were treated because of @entity2459 , 147 because of acute @entity13378 . The three treatment groups were comparable in their basic characteristics including the amount of initial @entity393 . In @entity1 with @entity2459 , no significant differences of hearing recovery were detected between the three treatment groups. Hearing recovery was also similar in @entity1 with acute @entity13378 . A power analysis of the study revealed that possible true treatment differences of a hearing recovery of 10 dB would have lead to significance with a probability of over 90%. It is concluded that there were, in fact, no clinically relevant differences in hearing gains of @entity2459 or acute @entity13378 between treatments with saline infusions together with placebo medication and treatment with dextran-40 and/or pentoxifylline.

title: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of dextran/pentoxifylline medication in acute @entity13378 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity13378 :: ('MESH:D006317', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic trauma']

entities_list: @entity1502 :: ('MESH:D010431', 'Chemical') :: ['pentoxifylline']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden hearing loss']

answer: @entity2459 :: (MESH:D003639,Disease) :: ['sudden hearing loss']


abstract: @entity10140 ( @entity13656 ) was administered for an average of 15 months to 14 @entity1 with @entity5990 . The @entity5990 were radiolucent in all but one instance (solitary calcified stone). Stones dissolved completely after 12 and 15 months of therapy, respectively, in two @entity1 , while in four the size of the stones diminished. No change occurred in the remaining @entity1 . In five @entity1 multiple stones dissolved, while in one a radiolucent solitary stone dissolved. In one @entity1 , with a negative cholecystogram for a time before being treated with @entity13656 , the gall-bladder perforated while on treatment. @entity13656 was well tolerated by all @entity1 : upper abdominal discomfort disappeared during @entity13656 treatment in two @entity1 and improved in nine. Only side-effect was occasional mild @entity294 in five @entity1 . Bile was analysed in seven @entity1 , supersaturation with @entity165 being found in five. Biliary lipid composition became normal during @entity13656 treatment in these five patients. Serum @entity412 levels fell during @entity13656 administration in ten of eleven @entity1 in which serum measurements were made; the greatest fall occurred in the five @entity1 with hypertriglyceridaemia. The fall in @entity412 levels was associated with a diminution of the pre-beta-lipo-protein fraction and the chylomicron fraction. No significant change occurred in serum @entity165 levels.

title: [In vivo dissolving of @entity5990 : the effect of XXXX . (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gall-stones']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity10140 :: ('MESH:D002635', 'Chemical') :: ['Chenodeoxycholic acid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity10140 :: (MESH:D002635,Chemical) :: ['chenodeoxycholic acid']


abstract: Mitochondrial (mt) dysfunction has been implicated in @entity191 ( @entity191 ). @entity5909 ( @entity5909 ) is needed for mtDNA maintenance, regulating mtDNA copy number and is absolutely required for transcriptional initiation at mtDNA promoters. Two genetic variants in @entity5909 have been reported to be associated with @entity195 in a Caucasian case-control material collected from Germany, Switzerland and Italy. One of these variants was reported to show a tendency for association with @entity195 in a pooled Scottish and Swedish case-control material and the other variant was reported to be associated with @entity195 in a recent meta-analysis. We investigated these two genetic variants, @entity56704 and @entity56705 , in an @entity195 and a @entity191 case-control material, both from Sweden and found significant genotypic as well as allelic association to marker @entity56705 in the @entity195 case-control material (P=0.05 and P=0.03, respectively), where the A-allele appears to increase risk for developing @entity195 . No association was observed for marker @entity56704 . We did not find any association in the @entity191 case-control material for either of the two markers. The distribution of the two-locus haplotype frequencies (based on @entity56704 and @entity56705 ) did not differ significantly between affected individuals and controls in the two sample sets. However, the global P-value for haplotypic association testing indicated borderline association in the @entity195 sample set. Our data suggests that the @entity56705 A-allele could be a moderate risk factor for @entity195 , which is supported by the recent meta-analysis.

title: Association study of two genetic variants in XXXX ( @entity5909 ) in @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity5909 :: ('7019', 'Gene') :: ['TFAM', 'Mitochondrial transcription factor A']

answer: @entity5909 :: (7019,Gene) :: ['mitochondrial transcription factor A']


abstract: Early case-control and cross-sectional studies demonstrating associations between chronic @entity2521 and @entity65 ( @entity65 ) were quickly followed by secondary analyses of data available from existing longitudinal studies, which indicated that individuals with @entity2521 , as determined by clinical measures, were at greater risk for @entity65 events. Many of these studies contained large numbers of subjects and were adjusted for traditional risk factors. Within the last 18 months, one case-control study and one longitudinal study have reported finding positive associations that were not statistically significant. The earlier studies stimulated a number of studies focused on identifying potential biological mechanisms that might underlie this association. While still early in that process, such studies have implicated a systemic role for oral microorganisms and for the quality and quantity of the host inflammatory response as key biologic processes that may underlie the association of @entity65 with the clinical manifestation of @entity2521 . It is a positive development when changes in our knowledge regarding biologic mechanisms result in reevaluation of past studies, and this reevaluation leads to new studies that incorporate the design elements demanded by this new knowledge. In that spirit, we conclude that all longitudinal studies reported to date can be characterized as follows: none were initially designed to actually test the association of interest; almost all were restricted to clinical measures of @entity2521 to index the exposure and lacked measures of infectious burden and host response; and they used a variety of cardiovascular clinical events to index the outcome and did not include subclinical measures of @entity731 . In addition, the longitudinal studies that failed to show a significant association between @entity2521 and @entity65 used the least sensitive and crudest clinical measures of periodontal disease. Based upon the current state-of-the-science, all previous studies should be viewed as lacking sufficiently sensitive and comprehensive measures of periodontal disease as a systemic exposure. Since the potential health care impact of this relationship might be extensive, it is time to enter the next phase of research by conducting molecular epidemiology studies that are appropriately designed to test our current understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved.

title: The association between periodontal diseases and XXXX : a state-of-the-science review.

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular diseases']


abstract: Valvular Interstitial Cells (VICs) are a common substrate for congenital and adult @entity299 yet the signaling mechanisms governing their formation during early valvulogenesis are incompletely understood. We developed an unbiased strategy to identify genes important in endocardial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) using a spatial transcriptional profile. Endocardial cells overlaying the cushions of the @entity473 ( @entity473 ) and outflow tract (OFT) undergo an EMT to yield VICs. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of gene expression between @entity473 , OFT, and ventricles (VEN) isolated from @entity1573 and @entity19 embryos at comparable stages of development ( @entity1573 HH18; @entity19 E11.0) was performed. EMT occurs in the @entity473 and OFT cushions, but not VEN at this time. 198 genes in the @entity1573 (n=1) and 105 genes in the @entity19 (n=2) were enriched 2-fold in the cushions. Gene regulatory networks (GRN) generated from cushion-enriched gene lists confirmed @entity641 as a nodal point and identified NF-kB as a potential node. To reveal previously unrecognized regulators of EMT four candidate genes, @entity12147 , @entity21391 , @entity27454 , and @entity49064 , and a candidate pathway, NF-kB, were selected. In vivo spatial expression of each gene was confirmed by in situ hybridization and a functional role for each in endocardial EMT was determined by siRNA knockdown in a collagen gel assay. Our spatial-transcriptional profiling strategy yielded gene lists which reflected the known biology of the system. Further analysis accurately identified and validated previously unrecognized novel candidate genes and the NF-kB pathway as regulators of endocardial cell EMT in vitro.

title: Spatial transcriptional profile of the @entity1573 and XXXX endocardial cushions identify novel regulators of endocardial EMT in vitro.

entities_list: @entity473 :: ('MESH:C563240', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular canal', 'AVC']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Proteolytic enzymes, like urokinase ( @entity2290 ) and @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ), are involved in remodelling tissues during invasion and metastasis of @entity5 cells. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the expression and the prognostic significance of these enzymes in @entity1204 . We used immunohistochemical staining to localize @entity2290 and @entity2289 antigens and evaluate their expression, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure their levels during the progression of @entity1204 . The results show that the levels of @entity2290 and @entity2289 detection are systematically weak in simplex @entity1373 and are moderate in complex @entity1373 . In the @entity1204 a very strong reaction was observed in the @entity146 . A positive signal for @entity2290 was found only in the cytoplasm of normal and @entity5072 cells while, in @entity5 , @entity2290 was present also in the cellular areas surrounding the neoplastic glands and at the apex of the malignant cells. The @entity2289 immunoreactivity was weak to moderate in 95.4% of @entity189 , with a diffuse signal mostly distributed in the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells and @entity5 stroma. @entity2290 antigen concentrations were significantly higher in @entity1204 than in @entity1869 (p<0.05) and in normal endometrium (p<0.001). @entity2289 antigen concentrations in @entity189 samples were significantly higher than in normal endometrium (p=0.002), but the difference was not statistically significant with respect to that in @entity1869 . We did not find any correlation between @entity2290 and @entity2289 concentrations and the standard prognostic parameters for evaluating @entity1204 . In conclusion, this study demonstrates that in @entity5072 endometria and in @entity1204 there is a progressive increase in expression of @entity2290 and @entity2289 than in normal endometrial tissue. In @entity189 tissues, the high expression of @entity2290 is unregulated in the surrounding stroma tissue, particularly in the most @entity146 histopathologic variants. @entity2290 and @entity2289 may be factors associated with invasive behavior in @entity1204 independent of other clinicopathological parameters.

title: Expression and prognostic significance of urokinase and @entity2289 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial hyperplasia and cancer']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['PAI-1', 'plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive', 'most aggressive variant of epithelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial hyperplasia and cancer']


abstract: The carcinogenic effect of several dose levels and regimens of an aqueous solution of @entity7044 ( @entity7045 ) administered intrarectally to @entity19 and @entity35 is reported. In Ha/ICR Swiss @entity19 , a single dose of 1.8 mg @entity7045 induces @entity706 and @entity2 in less than 20 weeks. Repeated doses of 1.5 mg @entity7045 induces @entity2 , and also @entity5 in less than 20 weeks. Doses of 0.3 mg decreased the yield of @entity706 and @entity5 over a period of 40 to 60 weeks. Repeated doses of 0.06 mg also gave a low yield of @entity706 over a 60-week period. Thus, a maximal yield of @entity706 is seen with a brief regimen of high doses, whereas @entity5 occur with a more frequent lower dose rate. Male Fischer strain @entity35 given 1.0 or 2.5 mg @entity7045 3 times a week for 10 weeks had a multiplicity of @entity5 , proportional to dose, in 25 to 30 weeks. In fact, the high dose level led to a 100% yield in less than 20 weeks. @entity706 were seen only at the higher dose when the animals were were young, at the beginning of the test. In @entity19 and @entity35 the @entity189 were polypoid or plaque shaped and were well differentiated with extensive invasion but no metastases. The @entity652 were pedunculated or sessile. Intrarectal administration of a mixture of @entity54149 and @entity3542 for 20 weeks and further observation of the @entity35 for an additional 35 weeks yielded no @entity694 . Thus, there is indirect evidence of a lack of the in situ formation of carcinogenic @entity7045 in the large bowel under physiological conditions.

title: Large bowel carcinogenesis in @entity19 and XXXX by several intrarectal doses of @entity7044 and negative effect of @entity3542 plus @entity54149 .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas', 'lymphomas and large bowel tumors', 'Lymphomas', 'mainly lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['increased large bowel neoplasms', 'large bowel tumors']

entities_list: @entity54149 :: ('MESH:C002352', 'Chemical') :: ['methylurea']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tumors', 'lymphomas, pulmonary tumors']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity7044 :: ('MESH:D008770', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-N-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumors']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: A phase II study of combined-modality treatment consisting of @entity5537 and tegafur (in a molar ratio of 4:1 [UFT]) plus @entity900 ( @entity900 ) and concurrent radiotherapy was conducted to evaluate the activity of this regimen in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 . Eligible @entity1 with cytologically or histologically confirmed, unresectable stage III @entity1149 received UFT (400 mg/m2 orally on days 1 through 52) and @entity900 (80 mg/m2 intravenously on days 8, 29, and 50). Radiotherapy, with a total dose of 60.8 Gy, was delivered in 38 fractions on days 1 through 52. Among the 17 @entity1 entered, 16 experienced partial responses (94%; 95% confidence interval, 83% to 100%). The median time to @entity5 progression was 30 weeks (range, 8 to 87 weeks), and the 1-year survival rate was 80%. Hematologic @entity137 was moderate. Grade 3 @entity1431 occurred in 10 @entity1 (59%), but no grade 4 hematologic @entity137 was observed. No grades 3 or 4 nonhematologic @entity137 were reported. These observations suggest that oral UFT plus @entity900 with concurrent radiotherapy can be safely administered to @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 . The demonstrated antitumor activity is high, making this combined-modality treatment worthy of further investigation in a multi-institution trial.

title: UFT plus @entity900 with concurrent radiotherapy for locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinol', 'cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: Aberrant expression of key cell cycle regulatory genes is essential for the immortalization and transformation of cells in vitro. We examined 20 @entity19 lung epithelial cell lines (2 nontumorigenic, 5 nonmetastatic, and 13 metastatic) for mutations or alterations in the expression of key components of the Rb pathway (pRb and @entity3842 ) and the @entity899 pathway ( @entity899 and @entity3842 ). Seven cell lines had a mutation in exons 5 to 8 of @entity899 . @entity3842 was inactivated in the remaining 13 cell lines, primarily by homozygous deletion. Rb expression was present and unaltered in all cell lines, with both phosphorylated and unphosphorylated protein forms detectable. @entity3842 transcripts were undetectable in all cell lines tested except @entity52708 . Loss of @entity3842 expression was a result of homozygous deletion in 11 out of 20 lung cell lines and promoter-exon 1 hypermethylation in 6 out of the remaining 8 cell lines. Other related components that were examined in this study included p21WAF1 and @entity1896 . Compared to normal lung tissue, p21WAF1 expression levels were reduced or undetectable in all cell lines, which did not correlate with loss of @entity899 function, but did correlate with inactivation of either @entity899 or @entity3842 . Although @entity1896 expression was variable between cell lines, transcript levels were decreased by at least 50% in the nontumorigenic lines C10 and E10 compared to the tumorigenic cell lines. These results demonstrate mutually exclusive relationships between @entity899 and @entity3842 and between Rb and @entity3842 , but perhaps not between @entity1896 and @entity3842 , and further describe the nature of involvement of both pathways in @entity19 lung tumorigenesis.

title: Inactivation of both Rb and @entity899 pathways in XXXX lung epithelial cell lines.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the @entity10388 gene polymorphism in @entity1 with @entity1423 ( @entity1423 ) and fetal loss. DESIGN: Genetic association study. SETTING: Perinatal center. @entity1 (S): Twenty-seven @entity1 with @entity1423 , manifested as fetal loss, and 42 control subjects without @entity1423 and no history of fetal loss and @entity715 . INTERVENTION(S): @entity1423 was diagnosed by platelet aggregometry (PACKS-4 aggregometer; Helena Laboratories). Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the @entity10388 gene were evaluated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Occurrence of SNPs of the @entity10388 gene in @entity1423 @entity1 versus control subjects. RESULT(S): We found a higher occurrence of three SNPs of the @entity10388 gene in @entity1423 @entity1 versus control subjects ( @entity53477 : 0.204 vs. 0.048, odds ratio [OR] 5.116, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.536-17.03; @entity53478 : 0.204 vs. 0.071, OR 3.326, 95% CI 1.149-9.619; @entity42336 : 0.204 vs. 0.071, OR 3.326, 95% CI 1.149-9.619). The haplotype analysis showed a significantly higher occurrence of two haplotypes (CTGAG in haplotype 5: 0.185 vs. 0.059, OR 3.568, 95% CI 1.142-11.14; and CGATAG in haplotype 6: 0.204 vs. 0.048, OR 4.961, 95% CI 1.488-16.53). CONCLUSION(S): Our results, especially the higher occurrence of haplotypes CTGAG and CGATAG in @entity1423 @entity1 , support the idea that @entity10388 gene polymorphism may be associated with @entity1423 , a possible cause of fetal loss.

title: Platelet aggregation abnormalities in XXXX with fetal losses: the @entity10388 gene polymorphism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['sticky platelet syndrome', 'platelet hyperaggregability', 'SPS']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Activating mutations in @entity563 - @entity1889 protein kinase @entity817 ( @entity817 ) are found in 50% of @entity1 with advanced @entity320 . Selective @entity817 -inhibitor therapy improves survival, as compared with chemotherapy, but responses are often short-lived. In previous trials, @entity8047 inhibition appeared to be promising in this population. METHODS: In this phase 3 open-label trial, we randomly assigned 322 @entity1 who had @entity320 with a @entity8554 or @entity16232 @entity817 mutation to receive either @entity5459 , an oral selective @entity8047 inhibitor, or chemotherapy in a 2:1 ratio. @entity1 received @entity5459 (2 mg orally) once daily or intravenous @entity2699 (1000 mg per square meter of body-surface area) or @entity1311 (175 mg per square meter) every 3 weeks. @entity1 in the chemotherapy group who had disease progression were permitted to cross over to receive @entity5459 . Progression-free survival was the primary end point, and overall survival was a secondary end point. RESULTS: Median progression-free survival was 4.8 months in the @entity5459 group and 1.5 months in the chemotherapy group (hazard ratio for disease progression or @entity204 in the @entity5459 group, 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33 to 0.63; P<0.001). At 6 months, the rate of overall survival was 81% in the @entity5459 group and 67% in the chemotherapy group despite crossover (hazard ratio for @entity204 , 0.54; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.92; P=0.01). @entity1910 , @entity294 , and peripheral @entity4 were the most common toxic effects in the @entity5459 group and were managed with dose interruption and dose reduction; asymptomatic and reversible reduction in the cardiac ejection fraction and ocular toxic effects occurred infrequently. @entity1489 were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5459 , as compared with chemotherapy, improved rates of progression-free and overall survival among @entity1 who had @entity320 with a @entity817 @entity8554 or @entity16232 mutation. (Funded by GlaxoSmithKline; METRIC ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01245062.).

title: Improved survival with XXXX inhibition in @entity817 -mutated @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5459 :: ('MESH:C560077', 'Chemical') :: ['Trametinib', 'trametinib']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['Secondary skin neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity8047 :: (5609,Gene) :: ['MEK']


abstract: Technology-enabled support services for @entity6 can fulfill @entity1 demand to care for @entity6 independently. @entity1 benefit from such services after greater adoption of the services in healthcare systems. Unfortunately, conventional service development fails to thoroughly understand @entity1 care support, making it difficult to achieve the desired design, and posing substantial challenges in adopting these services. Thus, previously developed services in many cases are not as @entity1 expected, as evidenced by their low acceptance among @entity1 . To solve this problem, adequate strategies must be developed by incorporating theoretical knowledge as a solid foundation in order to improve service design. This study develops technology-enabled @entity6 support services based on the self-care theory. A set of self-care service scenarios is also established and combined with theoretical concepts. The developed services consist of a nurse-led consultation service and a mobile application service. Additionally, user acceptance is confirmed by assessing @entity1 perceptions of the @entity6 support services in a group of @entity1 with @entity6 (N=27). Results of analysis reveal that @entity1 respond favorably toward the services. @entity1 preference and perceived ease of use attest to their intention to use the services. Greater adoption of the services can be anticipated, owing to a higher levels of preference and higher perceived ease of use. This study demonstrated that the self-care theory can be linked to nursing informatics research and chronic care clinical practices.

title: Development and evaluation of theory-based XXXX support services.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survival studies in differentiated @entity259 (DTC) may be biased because they have been performed in heterogeneous populations. In addition, specific @entity204 causes in DTC have not been documented well in the literature. AIMS: The aim of our study was to investigate survival and specific @entity204 causes in a homogeneous cohort of DTC @entity1 . @entity1 : @entity1 included 366 consecutive @entity1 with DTC who had all been treated according to the same protocol for initial therapy and follow-up. METHODS: Prognostic factors for DTC-related @entity204 were analyzed by univariate Cox regression analysis, followed by stepwise multivariate Cox regression analysis. Standardized mortality rates (SMR) were calculated using normal mortality rates for the entire Dutch population. RESULTS: During follow-up of 8.3 +/- 4.6 yr, 82 @entity1 (22.4%) died. At multivariate Cox-regression analysis, @entity5 stage T4, distant metastases, and advanced age were associated with an increased relative risk for DTC-related @entity204 . SMR for the entire group was 2.32. This could be explained by increased SMR in @entity1 with stage T4, distant metastases, or advanced age. @entity204 causes could be verified in 80 @entity1 : 52 died of DTC, 28 due to other causes. Ten of the 20 @entity1 with stage T1-3M0 died from @entity259 . CONCLUSION: Relative risk for @entity259 and SMR are significantly increased in @entity1 with stage T4 and M1 or advanced age. Although @entity204 risk is not increased in T1-3 M0 @entity1 , @entity9856 contributed significantly to mortality in all @entity1 categories.

title: Survival and XXXX causes in differentiated @entity259 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer-related death', 'thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the effects and complications of @entity421 around knee treated by wide resection and replacement by the @entity5 -type prosthesis. METHODS: Between July 1997 and July 2004, 117 @entity1 with @entity421 around the knee had been treated with wide resection and reconstruction with prosthesis. Alcohol-devitalized @entity5 bone prosthetic composite were used for reconstruction in 13 @entity1 , and @entity13875 ( @entity13875 ) were used in 25 @entity1 . All @entity1 accepted 2 cycles of chemotherapy before the surgery. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 3.5 years (1 - 8 years). Nine @entity1 had failure of union at the graft-host junction. @entity174 of the stem of the prosthesis occurred in 5 @entity1 , late @entity281 was found in 19 @entity1 , and @entity1349 occurred in 3 @entity1 . Bone @entity174 occurred in 1 @entity1 and prosthesis sinking occurred in 2 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5 -type prosthetic reconstruction offers the best knee function after resection of the @entity5 around the knee, and recurrence rate can be accepted. However, the @entity5 -type prosthesis needs further improvement because of the high complication rate.

title: [Analysis of complications of XXXX around knee treated by resection and replacement of @entity5 -type prosthesis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity13875 :: ('MESH:D058617', 'Disease') :: ['APC', 'allograft prosthetic composite']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: Arterial @entity101 is a dominant pathogenetic factor for @entity631 . Nevertheless metabolic factors such as @entity2299 may significantly modify and accelerate the process of glomerular scarring. @entity407 and @entity66 are often encountered in @entity1 with @entity1985 and @entity740 . Although the significance of lipid deposition in renal tissue and the role of lipoproteins in the pathogenesis of @entity8 in @entity1 has not yet been clearly defined, experimental and clinical data indicate a damaging effect of disturbed lipid metabolism on the kidney. In @entity1 glomerular lipid deposition is observed in several @entity74 , including lecithin- @entity165 acyltransferase activity deficiency. Studies on animals with reduced renal mass, @entity6 or arterial @entity101 have shown that @entity1007 increases the incidence of @entity631 . Especially the interaction of arterial @entity101 and @entity2299 leads to a rapid and pronounced development of @entity631 . As most of these studies have been performed in the @entity35 , which has a different lipoprotein profile than @entity1 , these results should be carefully interpreted with regard to their relevance for @entity1 . In vitro cell culture studies on @entity1 glomerular cells have provided insight into the possible cellular mechanisms of lipid-induced @entity8 . Apoprotein E containing lipoproteins that are pathologically elevated in many @entity8 are avidly taken up by @entity1 glomerular cells. Mesangial cells seem to play a central role in the initiation of @entity631 by proliferation and production of excess extracellular matrix. Lipoproteins are able to stimulate DNA synthesis in these cells and increase the synthesis of mitogens and matrix proteins. The pathogenetic role of modified, oxidized lipoproteins has not yet been elucidated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Arterial @entity101 and @entity407 as XXXX .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'human', 'man']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular damage', 'renal diseases', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['lipoprotein abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['hyper- or dyslipoproteinemia', 'dyslipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['determinants of glomerulosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is an increasingly common life-style disorder whose management outcomes are measured in symptomatic, biochemical as well as psychological areas. Well being as an outcome of treatment is being increasingly recognized as a crucial component of treatment. There is little published literature on psychosocial outcomes and the factors influencing them. Therefore we have developed a @entity1274 which is trained to predict the well being in @entity6 , using data generated in real life. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We developed a Multi Layer Perceptron Neural Network model, which had been trained by back propagation algorithm. Data was used from a cohort of 241 individuals with @entity6 . We used age, gender, weight, fasting plasma @entity413 as a set of inputs and predicted measures of well-being ( @entity308 , @entity148 , energy and positive well-being). RESULTS: It was observed that female @entity1 report significantly higher levels of @entity308 than their male counter parts. Some slight high or no significant differences are observed between males and female @entity1 with regard to the number of @entity1 with whom they share their anxieties and fears regarding @entity6 . There is not much difference has been observed in energy levels of both males and females. Also, Males have higher pwb value when compared with the female counterparts. Also, this may be due to @entity1 tend to react more emotionally to disease and hence experience more difficulty in coping with it. The present sample of @entity1 being predominantly house wives may be worrying more about their health and its problems. Also, it is observed that, gender differences are significant with regard to total general well-being. With five inputs (age, sex, weight, fasting plasma @entity413 , bias), four outputs are four ( @entity308 , @entity148 , energy and positive well-being) the momentum rate was 0.9, the learning rate 0.7, using a sample of 50. the maximum individual error is 0.001 when the number of iterations were 500, number of hidden layers is 1 and the number of units in the hidden layer are 6, the normalized system error was 470.57. With input samples of 100, 150 and 200, keeping the other variables constant, the normalized system error was 419.61, 359.67 and 332.32 respectively. Similar values are found for the normalized system error when the number of units in the hidden layer have been increased to 7, 8 and 9 respectively. With two hidden layers, and with each hidden layer containing 6,7 ,8, 9, 10, 11 units for the samples 50, 100, 150, and 200, the same values of normalized system error was found. @entity1 having weight between 40 kgs and 85kgs had higher levels of @entity308 than @entity1 who had weight between 39kgs and 102 kgs. CONCLUSION: We have developed a prototype neural network model to predict the psychosocial well-being in @entity6 , when biological or biographical variables are given as inputs. When greater data was fed to the system, the normalized system error can be reduced.

title: A clinical decision support system using multilayer perceptron neural network to assess well being in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural network system']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity26885 ( @entity26885 ) is a new member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of multifunctional peptide growth factors that appear to mediate many key events in cell growth and development. The effects of @entity26885 and other growth factors (epidermal growth factor, EGF; @entity2533 ) on the proliferation of @entity1 keratinocytes and fibroblasts compared with @entity57091 and @entity2116 have been investigated. The proliferation rate was determined by a hemocytometer, @entity98 assay and the incorporation of @entity665 . Moreover, cell cycle analyses were performed and the influence on @entity1192 ( @entity1192 ) production in keratinocytes was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) because of its pronounced proinflammatory effect. In keratinocytes, @entity26885 stimulated cell proliferation to a minor extent. The drug already proved to be effective at very low concentrations (0.1 ng/ml). Growth stimulatory effects with EGF have been observed only in keratinocyte basal medium (KBM), but not in keratinocyte growth medium (KGM). @entity2533 markedly inhibited the proliferation of keratinocytes at concentrations > 1 ng/ml. @entity2116 and @entity57091 also showed a dose-dependent cell growth inhibition in epidermal cell cultures. @entity1192 synthesis was greatly suppressed by @entity2116 10(-8)-10(-6) M. EGF at 10 ng/ml, in contrast, strongly stimulated @entity1192 production. Neither @entity26885 nor @entity2533 had a significant effect on @entity1192 production in keratinocyte monolayer cultures. In fibroblasts, @entity26885 induced very weak antiproliferative effects. @entity2116 and @entity57091 also inhibited cell growth in fibroblast cultures whereas proliferation and DNA synthesis were strongly stimulated by 1 ng/ml EGF. There was, however, a contradiction between @entity2533 results on fibroblasts. Whereas @entity2533 increased proliferation in cell number determination and in the @entity1014 incorporation assay, @entity98 assays showed slight antiproliferative effects. Due to these controversial results, in addition cell cycle analysis was employed. @entity2533 led to an increased S phase, which indicates a stimulation of cell division. The different results obtained with the @entity98 test suggest that @entity2533 may stimulate cell division of fibroblasts not only by increasing the S phase, but also by shortening the G1 phase of the cell cycle.

title: Effects of growth factors on the proliferation of XXXX keratinocytes and fibroblasts in vitro.

entities_list: @entity26885 :: ('8200', 'Gene') :: ['Growth/differentiation factor-5', 'GDF-5']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1192 :: ('3552', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1 alpha', 'IL-1 alpha']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity2116 :: ('MESH:C055085', 'Chemical') :: ['calcipotriol', 'Calcipotriol']

entities_list: @entity57091 :: ('MESH:D003899', 'Chemical') :: ['desoximetasone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Foetal @entity35 pancreas (20-day postcoitum) was grown in organ culture using a natural media (serum and @entity1573 embryo extract). The media was supplemented with several adrenal and gonadal @entity230 ; precursors, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, @entity172 , @entity3800 and @entity1420 . The effects of the @entity230 on the pancreatic explants were quantitated biochemically by analysis of amylase and insulin in the incubated culture media and in the explanted pancreatic tissue, and morphologically by quantitative morphometric analysis. @entity2819 , @entity701 , @entity1369 and @entity619 fully preserved the acinar cell component. The effect was concentration-dependent. @entity8147 and @entity4419 had intermediate effects even at the highest concentration. Gonadal @entity230 had no effect on the acinar or islet component in this culture system. Some of the @entity230 inhibited the selective islet growth seen in the control explants as well as inhibiting insulin secretion. The relationship between these data and other work in this area is summarised. In addition, the possible implications of these data relating to normal in vivo pancreatic development are discussed.

title: Foetal XXXX pancreas in organ culture: effects of media supplementation with various steroid hormones on the acinar and islet components.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity8147 :: ('MESH:D003900', 'Chemical') :: ['Deoxycorticosterone']

entities_list: @entity4419 :: ('MESH:D003350', 'Chemical') :: ['cortexolone']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: Prior to the current Northern Ireland Study of Health and Stress there have been no epidemiological studies which estimate the prevalence and treatment of @entity146 across Northern Ireland based on validated diagnostic criteria. This paper provides the first nationally representative estimates of 12-month DSM-IV @entity148 , mood, impulse-control and substance disorders. Severity, demographic correlates, treatment and treatment adequacy of 12-month disorders are also examined. METHODS: Data were derived from a nationally representative face-to-face household survey of 4,340 @entity1 (2,441 females and 1,899 males) aged 18 years and older living in Northern Ireland using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Analyses were implemented using the SUDAAN software system. RESULTS: 12-month prevalence estimates were @entity148 14.6 %; mood 9.6 %; impulse control 3.4 %; substance 3.5 %; any disorder 23.1 %. Of the 12-month cases, 28.8 % were classified as serious; 33.4 % as moderate; and 37.8 % as mild. Females were more likely to have @entity148 and @entity1316 (p < 0.05) while males were more likely to have impulse-control and substance disorders. Just 40 % of individuals with any 12-month @entity74 received treatment in the previous 12 months. 78.6 % of those with a @entity146 who sought treatment received minimally adequate treatment. CONCLUSIONS: 12-month @entity74 are highly prevalent in Northern Ireland. A large proportion of those with mental health problems did not seek treatment. Further research is required to investigate the reasons behind low levels of treatment contact.

title: Prevalence and treatment of 12-month XXXX in the Northern Ireland study of health and stress.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental health disorders', 'mental disorder']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['DSM-IV disorder', 'DSM-IV disorders']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['DSM-IV disorders']


abstract: Radiation therapy for @entity5 and @entity263 has resulted in increased survival and cure rates. This modality has unfortunately produced debilitating @entity1161 . Recently, five @entity1 were seen with continuous rectal bleeding secondary to radiation disease of the rectum. Four of these @entity1 were @entity1 who were being treated for @entity2622 and one was a @entity1 with @entity263 . These @entity1 were refractory to @entity134 retention enemas, @entity68 therapy, and @entity53397 enema therapy. Treatment was accomplished using the argon laser with a 300-micron fiber passed via flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscope. The most proximal areas were treated first. One and a half watts at 0.5 pulses was used. Up to 50 pulses were delivered per therapy session. The fiber was placed in contact with the lesion and circumferentially for 0.5 cm surrounding each suspected area. Bleeding stopped in the four @entity1 after two sessions and in the @entity1 after four sessions.

title: Argon laser treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gynecologic disease']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation proctitis']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity53397 :: ('MESH:C477447', 'Chemical') :: ['benproperine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['radiation proctitis']


abstract: The tail-flick (TF) technique was used to assess the antinociceptive properties of @entity594 (NIF) given intraperitoneally (i.p.). First, the most suitable intensity of the noxious stimulus (temperature of the bulb) has been ascertained and used in the main study. Male @entity35 received NIF, dissolved in @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ) at the doses of 0.0, 0.5, 2, 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg, or control with no injection. For the main study, the noxious stimulus was limited to 15 sec (cut-off time) and TF latencies were recorded up to 120 min. The antinociceptive response was expressed as the area under the curve for each @entity35 and analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The antinociceptive response to the lower doses of NIF (0.5 and 2 mg/kg) did not differ from control (no injection) and @entity3733 alone. Significance was found at 5, 10 and 15 mg NIF with no difference among the doses. However, there was an increasing tendency of the mean values from 0.5 to 15 mg NIF resulting in a positive correlation. The correlation coefficient was 0.32483 (p = 0.015) and regression equation Y = (19.37) x dose + 1320. Our data suggest that spinal mechanisms are involved in NIF-induced antinociception.

title: An antinociceptive effect of the intraperitoneal injection of XXXX in @entity35 , measured by tail-flick test.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity594 :: (MESH:D009543,Chemical) :: ['nifedipine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Musculoskeletal conditions (MSCs) are the leading cause of disability and @entity1118 in the developed world, impacting both functional ability and psychosocial health. The current review investigates the effectiveness of yoga on primary outcomes of functional ability, @entity158 and psychosocial outcomes across a range of MSCs. METHODS: A comprehensive search of 20 databases was conducted for full-text, randomized controlled trials of yoga in clinically diagnosed MSCs. RESULT: Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria, involving 1,626 @entity1 with @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ), @entity571 ( @entity571 ), @entity309 ( @entity309 ), @entity1513 or @entity239 . Studies were quality rated, and analysed for the effect of yoga on primary outcomes, immediately post-intervention. Twelve studies were rated as good quality. Yoga interventions resulted in a clinically significant improvement in functional outcomes in mild-to-moderate @entity1643 and @entity239 , and showed a trend to improvement in @entity1513 . Yoga significantly improved @entity158 in @entity571 , @entity309 and mild-to-severe @entity1643 . Psychosocial outcomes were significantly improved in mild-to-moderate @entity1643 and @entity571 . Meta-analysis of good-quality studies showed a moderate treatment effect for yoga of -0.64 (95%CI -0.89 to -0.39) for functional outcomes and -0.61 (95%CI -0.97 to -0.26) for @entity158 outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence suggests that yoga is an acceptable and safe intervention, which may result in clinically relevant improvements in @entity158 and functional outcomes associated with a range of MSCs. Future analysis of outcomes which take into account the amount of yoga received by @entity1 may provide insight into any putative duration or dosage effects of yoga interventions for MSCs.

title: Yoga for functional ability, XXXX and psychosocial outcomes in musculoskeletal conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'LBP']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: We report a case of @entity12289 presenting at birth. The @entity1 had generalized @entity2421 and @entity425 . There was decreased respiratory effort along with a right phrenic nerve and left @entity3746 . Tongue @entity2901 were present. Deep tendon reflexes were absent in the upper extremities and hypoactive (1+) in the lower extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head revealed no @entity1504 , including normal cerebral myelination. Nerve conduction study showed absence of motor and sensory action potentials in the hands when the nerves in the upper limbs were stimulated. A motor response could be elicited only in the proximal leg muscles. Needle electromyography study was normal in the proximal limb muscles, but showed active denervation in the distal muscles of the arm and leg. These findings were thought to be consistent with a length-dependent sensorimotor peripheral @entity305 of axonal type with greater denervation of the distal muscles. A biopsy of the quadriceps muscle showed mild variability in fiber diameter, but no group typing or group atrophy. The muscle fibers showed no @entity854 . Biopsy of the sural nerve showed scattered axons with very thin myelin sheaths. There was also a nearly complete loss of large diameter myelinated fibers. No onion bulb formations were noted. These findings were thought to be consistent with @entity12289 with a component of axonopathy. DNA analysis for identification of previously characterized mutations in the genes @entity32852 , @entity12344 , and @entity32854 was negative. Several attempts at extubation failed and the @entity1 became increasingly ventilator-dependent with increasing episodes of desaturation and hypercapnea. He also developed increasing @entity425 and decreased movement of all extremities. He underwent surgery at 2 months of age for placement of a @entity5274 and a tracheostomy. He was discharged from the hospital on a ventilator at 6 months of age. The @entity1 was 13 months old at the time of submission of this report. Although he appears cognitively normal, he remains profoundly @entity2421 and is on a home ventilator. There was no evidence of progressive @entity425 . @entity12289 is a rare form of @entity16 that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a newborn with profound @entity2421 and @entity425 . It appears to be a @entity74 with some of the cases being caused by specific genetic mutations.

title: XXXX in a newborn @entity1 : unusual cause of @entity3746 .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy tube']

entities_list: @entity12289 :: ('MESH:C535301', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hypomyelination neuropathy', 'Congenital hypomyelination neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia', 'hypotonic']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['heterogeneous disorder']

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['fasciculations']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['vocal cord paralyses']

answer: @entity12289 :: (MESH:C535301,Disease) :: ['Congenital hypomyelination neuropathy']


abstract: The case records of 58 German Shepherds ( @entity1412 group) affected by @entity339 (MR), and 49 @entity235 weighing < 15 kg (D group), affected by @entity340 ( @entity340 ) were reviewed. The @entity235 of the @entity1412 group were presented more often without a detectable heart murmur (p < 0.01), and less frequently with a high intensity heart murmur (p < 0.01). @entity955 ( @entity955 ) was more common in the @entity1412 group (p < 0.001). @entity3454 associated with mitral valve thickening was more common in the D group (p < 0.001). Fractional shortening (FS) was lower (p < 0.0001) and end-systolic volume index ( @entity5778 -I) was increased (p < 0.0001) in the @entity1412 group, whereas end-diastolic volume index (EDV-I) did not differ between the 2 groups. Prevalence and severity of @entity120 were similar in the 2 groups. @entity235 with @entity339 weighing more than 20 kg had a 5.8 higher chance of developing decreased FS, increased @entity5778 -I, @entity955 and @entity943 . In the @entity1412 group, the decreased FS and increased @entity5778 -I were not associated with the presence of @entity955 or @entity943 (p > 0.05). It appears that @entity1412 may be affected both by @entity3454 and @entity339 . It also appears that a comparatively large proportion of @entity1412 shows no major mitral valve thickening or @entity3454 , but still presents with significant @entity339 , possibly suggesting a different cause for the important @entity337 observed in most cases.

title: Comparison of primary @entity339 in German Shepherd XXXX and in small breeds.

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'chronic valvular disease']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve disease', 'mitral regurgitation', 'mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and/or mitral valve regurgitation', 'mitral insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve prolapse', 'MVP']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['incompetence']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3556 ( @entity3556 ) impacts @entity1 's health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and puts a heavy economic burden on society. To date, this burden has not been systematically studied. We conducted a systematic review of the medical literature to evaluate the impact of @entity3556 on HRQoL and to quantify the economic burden of @entity3556 from a societal perspective. METHODS: We searched the PubMed and Cochrane databases, and article bibliographies for the period up to July 2005. Teams of two reviewers independently abstracted data from studies that reported outcomes of interest: prevalence, @entity73 , and health-care utilization and costs associated with @entity3556 . RESULTS: The search yielded 1009 English-language articles. Ninety-eight studies (including randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and reviews) that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria underwent a full-text review. The prevalence of @entity3556 among @entity1 of reproductive age ranged from 10% to 30%. The HRQoL scores from the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36) suggested that @entity1 with @entity3556 have HRQoL below the 25th percentile of that for the general female population within a similar age range. The conservatively estimated annual direct and indirect economic costs of @entity3556 were approximately  1 billion and  12 billion, respectively. These figures do not account for intangible costs and productivity loss due to presenteeism. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of @entity3556 needs further and more thorough investigation. Additional research should prospectively evaluate the impact of @entity3556 and the value of treatment provided to help guide future health resource allocation and clinical decision-making.

title: A systematic review evaluating health-related quality of life, XXXX , and health-care costs and utilization in abnormal uterine bleeding.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['HRQoL, work impairment']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormal uterine bleeding', 'AUB']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['work impairment']


abstract: Cervical proprioception plays a key role in postural control, but its specific contribution is controversial. @entity73 was shown in @entity7125 without demonstrating the sole involvement of the cervical spine. The consequences of @entity179 are underreported in posture-related scientific literature in spite of their high prevalence. No report has focused on the two different mechanisms underlying @entity158 : @entity890 and @entity4720 . This study aimed to evaluate postural control of two groups of @entity1 with @entity179 with or without optokinetic stimulation before and after surgical treatment. Seventeen @entity1 with @entity614 were recruited and divided into two groups according to the spondylotic or discal origin of the nerve compression. All @entity1 and a control population of 31 healthy individuals underwent a static posturographic test with 12 recordings; the first four recordings with the head in 0   position: eyes closed, eyes open without optokinetic stimulation, with clockwise and counter clockwise optokinetic stimulations. These four sensorial situations were repeated with the head rotated 30   to the left and to the right. @entity1 repeated these 12 recordings 6weeks postoperatively. None of the @entity1 reported @entity74 before or after surgery. Prior to surgery, in the eyes closed condition, the herniated disc group was more stable than the @entity4720 group. After surgery, the contribution of visual input to postural control in a dynamic visual environment was reduced in both cervical @entity66 whereas in a stable visual environment visual contribution was reduced only in the @entity4720 group. The relative importance of visual and proprioceptive inputs to postural control varies according to the type of pathology and surgery tends to reduce visual contribution mostly in the @entity4720 group.

title: Visuo-proprioceptive interactions in XXXX requiring surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['spine diseases']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Postural impairment']

entities_list: @entity7125 :: ('MESH:D014911', 'Disease') :: ['whiplash injuries']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative cervical spine diseases']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['vertigo or balance disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['cervicobrachial pain']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['spondylosis']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['herniated discs']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['degenerative cervical spine diseases']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze patterns and trends in @entity356 mortality in the European Union (EU) over the period 1968-1992, paying special attention to changes associated with birth cohort. METHODS: Poisson log-linear models were used to quantify geographic differences and relative annual changes. To assess trends associated with birth cohort, invariant parameters from sex-specific age-period-chohort models (net drift and curvature), for each country, were used to choose a restricted slope range for cohort effect. RESULTS: @entity356 mortality declined throughout the EU. The male-to-female ratio stood at around 2 in all countries, yet showed a slight rise over time. Portugal reported the highest age-adjusted rates for @entity1 and @entity1 (45.63 and 23.31 per 100,000 @entity1 -years, respectively). The rate ratio between two extreme countries (Portugal/Denmark) exceeded 3. Quantitative intercountry differences were found in trend slopes, with a decrease of 5% per annum in Finland. Risk of dying associated with birth cohort decreased over successive generations. Small local rises in risk, in almost all countries among generations born around the 1940s, support the importance of diet early in life in the etiology of @entity356 . CONCLUSIONS: Despite the substantial decline in @entity356 mortality witnessed in the EU, stress must be accounted for the wide differences among countries and the smaller decline in the youngest generations, particularly among @entity1 . This latter finding suggests a possible stabilization or even a rise in the rates in future, rendering it important for these trends to be monitored over the next few years.

title: XXXX in the European Union (1968-1992): mortality trends and cohort effect.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric cancer']


abstract: We report on a 52-year-old female @entity1 with a bulky, recurrent @entity2622 involving the vagina and bladder, who developed @entity789 and @entity295 with @entity12945 after external radiation of 40 Gy and 2 courses of concurrent chemotherapy. Chemoradiation was interrupted and an ileostomy was performed. After recovery, no @entity41 was detectable. Thirteen months after ceasation of chemoradiation, repair of @entity3622 via posterior sagittal approach was performed. Revision of double bowel ileostomy and ileo-T-colostomy was performed 17 months later. The @entity1 enjoyed the restoration of enteral and urinary function only temporarily. She developed @entity292 and underwent an ileostomy again 6 months later. She had another episode of @entity298 and @entity360 and expired at 4 years from initiation of salvage therapy. She had no evidence of @entity5 recurrence during a series of laparotomies and biopsies. The dramatic regression of the @entity5 may be attributed to its extraordinary radiosensitivity or chemosensitivity. The acute pelvic inflammatory complications may also contribute to the @entity5 cell killing. The prognosis of recurrent @entity2622 is invariably poor except in small @entity5 confined to vagina. This case gives support to the efficacy of chemoradiation and the potential role of biologic therapy in treatment of this dismal disease.

title: Sustained complete remission after incomplete chemoradiation complicated with @entity12945 in a @entity1 with recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3622 :: ('MESH:D012006', 'Disease') :: ['vesicovaginal and rectovaginal fistulas']

entities_list: @entity789 :: ('MESH:D014719', 'Disease') :: ['entero-recto-vesicovaginal fistulas']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['rectovesical fistula']

entities_list: @entity12945 :: ('MESH:D010249', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['cervical carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controlled-release @entity1286 ( @entity1685 ) given twice daily provides a simpler and more convenient treatment regimen than 4-hourly opioid administration for the control of @entity5 . Recently, a new formulation of transdermal @entity3575 ( @entity12046 ) has been developed which provides a new route for the treatment of @entity5 . The present study was designed to compare the analgesic efficacy, safety and adverse effects of @entity1685 and @entity12046 in the management of chronic @entity5 . METHODS: In this open, comparative and randomized study, @entity1 were treated with oral @entity33483 immediate-release (MHIR) in the stabilization phase and then the prescription was switched to @entity1685 or @entity12046 for 14 days in the treatment phase. Oral MHIR was provided as rescue medication for @entity158 . Assessments of the @entity158 intensity, @entity158 frequency, degree of @entity158 improvement, profile of mood states, quality of sleep, activity status and adverse effects were performed before and after the stabilization phase and before and after the treatment phase. RESULTS: Forty of 47 @entity5 @entity1 completed the study with 20 @entity1 in each group. There were significant (p < 0.05) improvements in @entity158 intensity, @entity158 frequency, mood states and quality of sleep in both groups before and after treatment, while improvement in the activity status was not significant. No specific adverse effects were encountered except for drowsiness which occurred in 6 @entity1 treated with @entity1685 and 5 treated with @entity12046 (p < 0.05). Insomnia was significantly improved (p < 0.05) with both regimens compared with that in the period before treatment. There were no significant differences between the two study groups in analgesic efficacy or adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity12046 and MSt are safe and effective analgesics for the management of chronic @entity5 . However, @entity12046 provides a simpler and more convenient treatment for those @entity1 with severe @entity390 , @entity391 or @entity1282 .

title: Comparison of oral controlled-release @entity1286 with transdermal XXXX in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity33483 :: ('CHEBI:55340', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['breakthrough pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']


abstract: @entity29 ( @entity29 ) consisting of @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and @entity30 ( @entity1050 ) typically displays a waxing and waning course punctuated by disease flares that are characterized by transepithelial migration of neutrophils (PMN) and altered barrier function. Since epithelial barrier function is primarily regulated by the apical most intercellular junction referred to as the tight junction (TJ), our aim was to examine expression of TJ and adherens junction (AJ) proteins in relation to PMN infiltration in mucosal tissue samples from @entity1 with active @entity29 . Expression of epithelial intercellular TJ proteins ( @entity11177 , @entity11178 , @entity3670 , and @entity17264 ) and subjacent AJ ( @entity3546 and @entity5962 ) proteins were examined by immunoflourescence/confocal microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. Colonic mucosa from @entity1 with @entity31 revealed dramatic, global down-regulation of the key TJ transmembrane protein @entity11177 in regions of actively transmigrating PMN and in quiescent areas in the biopsy samples. Significant decreases in @entity11177 expression were observed at the protein and mRNA levels by Western and Northern blotting. In contrast, expression of other TJ and AJ proteins such as @entity11178 , @entity3670 , @entity17264 , @entity3546 , and @entity5962 were down-regulated only in epithelial cells immediately adjacent to transmigrating PMN. Analysis of inflamed mucosa from @entity30 @entity1 mirrored the results obtained with @entity31 @entity1 . No change in TJ and AJ protein expression was observed in colonic epithelium from @entity1 with @entity4143 or @entity11162 that are respectively characterized by a thickened subepithelial collagen plate and increased intraepithelial lymphocytes. These results suggest that @entity11177 expression is diminished in @entity29 by mechanisms distinct from those regulating expression of other intercellular junction proteins. We speculate that down-regulation of epithelial @entity11177 may play a role in enhanced paracellular permeability and PMN transmigration that is observed in active @entity29 .

title: Neutrophil transmigration in XXXX is associated with differential expression of epithelial intercellular junction proteins.

entities_list: @entity11162 :: ('MESH:D046730', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic colitis']

entities_list: @entity4143 :: ('MESH:D046729', 'Disease') :: ['collagenous colitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory bowel disease', 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's", "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']