abstract: In @entity291 the development of large antral follicles occurs in two or three successive waves during the estrous cycle, with one follicle per wave selected for dominance. To test the hypothesis that negative feedback effects of @entity230 secreted by the dominant follicle are critical to the regulation of follicular waves, we examined temporal relationships among @entity43 growth, @entity134 secretion, and gonadotropin secretion. Follicular growth was monitored by ultrasonography. In the first experiment, blood was collected from 5 Holstein heifers every 8 h between Days 0 and 14 of the estrous cycle from both a jugular vein and the vena cava (to collect ovarian blood). Jugular samples were also collected every 12 min for 8 h during three periods (Days 3 or 4, 7 or 8, and 11, 12, or 13; n = 6) to characterize the pulsatile pattern of LH secretion. Both @entity53 and @entity251 concentrations in the vena cava increased as pre-wave elevations in FSH concentrations decreased (p < 0.05) between Days 1 and 4 (first follicular wave) and between Days 9 and 12 (second follicular wave). LH pulse amplitude was greater during the second period of frequent blood collection (Day 7 or 8, end of the growth phase of the first dominant follicle) compared to the other two periods (p < 0.05), suggesting that increased LH pulse amplitude may be important for the later stages of dominant follicle growth. In the second experiment, to determine whether ovarian @entity230 are secreted primarily by dominant follicles, blood samples were collected from the utero-ovarian veins draining ovaries with (n = 4) and without (n = 4) a dominant follicle during the first follicular wave. @entity251 , @entity2671 , and @entity53 concentrations in the utero-ovarian veins fluctuated in relation to the pattern of follicular growth (p < 0.05), and secretion was much greater from ovaries with a dominant follicle. In blood collected both from the vena cava and from the utero-ovarian veins, @entity53 secretion reached a peak and started to decline before @entity342 concentrations peaked (p < 0.05), suggesting that the initial decrease in @entity53 secretion from the dominant follicle is not due to a lack of @entity342 precursors. The results suggest that 1) a transient increase in LH pulse amplitude during the early-midluteal phase may be important for supporting the final stages of dominant follicle growth; 2) ovarian @entity3800 , as well as @entity53 , may play a critical role in the control of FSH secretion during waves of follicular development; and 3) the dominant follicle is responsible for fluctuations in circulating @entity53 and @entity3800 during follicular waves.

title: Changes in XXXX secretion and luteinizing hormone pulse amplitude are associated with the recruitment and growth of ovarian follicles during the luteal phase of the @entity291 estrous cycle.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian follicular']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: The triad of @entity1143 , @entity843 , and @entity43 is rare. Often, the ovarian mass is accompanied by @entity5 antigen-125, both in serum and in pleural and peritoneal fluid. When @entity43 is associated with @entity843 and/or @entity1143 it is termed @entity18711 . @entity18711 , however, is a diagnosis of exclusion only after @entity43 is ruled out. The presentation of symptoms and radiographic findings mimics that of metastatic @entity43 , creating a significant clinical challenge. We report a case of a @entity1 with recurrent @entity1143 and an ovarian mass, with the outside hospital pleural fluid cytology report describing @entity43 . Although initially suspected to have metastatic @entity43 , subsequent workup of the @entity1 's pleural and peritoneal fluid revealed no @entity189 . Surgical biopsy of the ovarian mass showed the presence of a @entity5 ( @entity81 ). Postovarian mass resection, the @entity1 showed resolution of @entity1143 . We describe our case in detail and review the literature on @entity18711 .

title: Ovarian mass, @entity1143 , and XXXX : revisiting @entity18711 .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions', 'pleural and peritoneal effusions']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'benign ovarian fibroma', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['elevated cancer', 'benign tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity18711 :: ('MESH:D008538', 'Disease') :: ['Meigs syndrome']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibroma']

answer: @entity843 :: (MESH:D001201,Disease) :: ['ascites']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prophylactic role of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in reducing the incidence of @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ) in @entity6 post- @entity231 surgery. @entity1 AND METHODS: This study included 86 eyes (70 @entity1 ) with high risk characteristics for the development of @entity1103 after @entity231 surgery. All @entity1 underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. @entity1 were divided into two equal groups (n = 43 [eyes]): a control group given topical @entity619 0.1%, four times/day for 12 weeks postoperatively and a study group given topical ketorolac @entity8973 0.4% twice daily in addition to topical @entity619 0.1% four times daily for 12 weeks. @entity1 were examined at 3, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively for evaluation of @entity1103 development. The main study outcome was the change in the retinal fovea thickness measured with ocular coherence topography. RESULTS: Ten eyes developed @entity1103 (11.6%); eight eyes in the control group and only two eyes in the study group. Mean retinal fovea thickness was significantly higher in the control group compared to the study group. Moreover, eyes of the control group developed @entity1103 significantly earlier than those of the study group. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic postoperative ketorolac 0.4% may have a role in reducing the frequency and severity of @entity1103 in @entity6 post- @entity231 surgery.

title: Prophylactic postoperative ketorolac improves outcomes in @entity6 @entity1 assigned for XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic eyes']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['CME', 'central macular edema']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity8973 :: ('MESH:D014325', 'Chemical') :: ['tromethamine']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity712 ( @entity712 ) causes a substantial burden for health care systems. Data to rationally define the need for hospitalization or the appropriate length of stay (LOS) is limited. Our aim was to personalize length of stay in @entity1 admitted to hospital for acute decompensated @entity712 . METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with @entity712 presenting to our emergency department were prospectively followed. We daily conducted a multidisciplinary risk assessment and compared proposed with actually observed triage decisions. RESULTS: At presentation, all @entity1 required hospitalization. Median LOS was 11 days including 1 day after reaching medical stability. In 42.7% of @entity1 , hospitalization was prolonged after medical stability mainly for nursing and organizational reasons. Within 30 days of enrollment, 7 (9.3%) @entity1 were rehospitalized, 3 of them for persisting or relapsing @entity712 . CONCLUSIONS: There appears to be potential to shorten inhospital stay in @entity1 with @entity712 mainly by providing post discharge ambulatory nursing care in order to improve resource utilization and to diminish "hospitalization-associated disability".

title: Multidisciplinary Assessment to Personalize Length of Stay in Acute XXXX (OPTIMA II @entity712 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure', 'Acute decompensated heart failure', 'ADHF']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Decompensated Heart Failure']


abstract: A multi-centre retrospective study involving 4 French university institutions has been conducted in order to identify routine pre-therapeutic prognostic factors of survival in @entity1 with previously untreated @entity1149 and brain metastases at the time of presentation. A total of 231 @entity1 were recorded regarding their clinical, radiological and biological characteristics at presentation. The accrual period was January 1991 to December 1998. Prognosis was analysed using both univariate and multivariate (Cox model) statistics. The median survival of the whole population was 28 weeks. Univariate analysis (log-rank), showed that @entity1 affected by one of the following characteristics proved to have a shorter survival in comparison with the opposite status of each variable: male gender, age over 63 years, poor performance status, @entity16 , serum @entity3508 ( @entity3508 ) level higher than 12.5 ng ml(-1), high serum alkaline phosphatase level, high serum LDH level and serum @entity1372 level below 132 mmol l(-1). In the Cox's model, the following variables were independent determinants of a poor outcome: male gender: hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 2.29 (1.26-4.16), poor performance status: 1.73 (1.15-2.62), age: 1.02 (1.003-1.043), a high serum @entity3508 level: 1.72 (1.11-2.68), @entity16 : 1.63 (1.05-2.54), and a low serum @entity1372 level: 2.99 (1.17-7.62). Apart from 4 prognostic factors shared in common with other stage IV NSCLC @entity1 , whatever the metastatic site (namely sex, age, gender, performance status and serum @entity1372 level) this study discloses 2 determinants specifically resulting from brain metastasis: i.e. the presence of @entity16 and a high serum @entity3508 level. The latter factor could be in relationship with the extent of normal brain tissue damage caused by the @entity5 as has been demonstrated after @entity64 . Additionally, the observation of a high @entity3508 level as a prognostic determinant in NSCLC might reflect @entity5 heterogeneity and understimated neuroendocrine differentiation.

title: Brain metastases at the time of presentation of XXXX : a multi-centric AERIO analysis of prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['NSE', 'neuron-specific enolase']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) has been used in combination with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the treatment of @entity32 as well as @entity5 . Especially at high @entity1500 dosages, severe adverse effects with this combination may occur, usually resulting from an impaired renal elimination. It has been shown that the mechanism of this interaction cannot be fully attributed to inhibition of basolateral @entity1500 uptake in renal proximal tubules. Here, we studied the effect of various NSAIDs on @entity1500 transport in membrane vesicles isolated from cells overexpressing the proximal tubular apical efflux transporters @entity1 @entity7737 / @entity7737 and @entity36620 / @entity36620 . @entity1500 was transported by @entity7737 and @entity36620 with Km values of 480 +/- 90 and 220 +/- 70 microM, respectively. The inhibitory potency of the NSAIDs was generally higher against @entity36620 - than @entity7737 -mediated @entity1500 transport, with therapeutically relevant IC50 values, ranging from approximately 2 microM to 1.8 mM. @entity2697 , @entity5230 , @entity5018 , @entity1623 , @entity10521 , @entity32650 , and etodolac inhibited @entity7737 - and @entity36620 -mediated @entity1500 transport according to a one-site competition model. In some cases, more complex interaction patterns were observed. Inhibition of @entity36620 by @entity3522 and @entity7737 by @entity3352 and @entity7988 followed a two-site competition model. @entity11464 stimulated @entity7737 and celecoxib @entity36620 transport at low concentrations and inhibited both transporters at high concentration. Our data suggest that the inhibition by NSAIDs of renal @entity1500 efflux via @entity7737 and @entity36620 is a potential new site and mechanism contributing to the overall interaction between these drugs.

title: Interaction of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with @entity7737 / @entity7737 - and @entity36620 / XXXX -mediated @entity1499 transport.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory diseases']

entities_list: @entity5230 :: ('MESH:D010894', 'Chemical') :: ['piroxicam']

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity2697 :: ('CHEBI:30762', 'Chemical') :: ['Salicylate']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen']

entities_list: @entity11464 :: ('MESH:D010653', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenylbutazone']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity7737 :: ('1244', 'Gene') :: ['MRP2', 'ABCC2', 'multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 2']

answer: @entity36620 :: (10257,Gene) :: ['ABCC4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Double @entity652 is reported in 3% to 12% of @entity1 with @entity459 . The aim of this study was to determine the true incidence of double @entity652 and analyze the use of localization studies and intraoperative @entity461 (IOTPH) assay in these cases. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective review of a series of consecutive parathyroid surgical operations from 2010 to 2013. According to the surgical findings, the series was divided into @entity66 ( @entity66 ), @entity66 ( @entity66 ), and @entity74 ( @entity74 , more than 2 glands). The sensitivity of ultrasound, @entity10979 , and 4-dimensional CT to correctly lateralize each gland in the @entity66 group was calculated. Results of the IOPTH assay and how they impacted the extent of surgery were analyzed. RESULTS: Three hundred and forty-seven @entity1 had @entity66 (69%), 68 @entity1 had @entity66 (13.5%), and 86 had @entity74 (17%). In the @entity66 group, sensitivity of ultrasound, @entity10979 , and 4-dimensional CT to lateralize each @entity652 was 42%, 34.5%, and 64%, respectively. Initially, 27 @entity1 (40%) with @entity66 had been planned for a focal exploration. The conversion to bilateral neck exploration was due to the IOPTH assay in 18 cases (two-thirds of the initially planned focal explorations). At 6-month follow-up, all @entity66 @entity1 were normocalcemic. CONCLUSIONS: Localization studies in @entity66 can be misleading by reporting @entity66 . Four-dimensional CT seems to have the highest sensitivity. In focal explorations, the excision of all @entity6392 parathyroid tissue should be verified by IOPTH measurement.

title: The Truth about Double @entity652 : Incidence, Localization, and Intraoperative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['double-gland disease', 'DGD', 'SGD', 'single-gland disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['multi-gland disease', 'MGD']

entities_list: @entity10979 :: ('MESH:D017256', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium 99m-sestamibi']

entities_list: @entity6392 :: ('MESH:D000308', 'Disease') :: ['hyperfunctioning']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity461 :: (5741,Gene) :: ['Parathyroid Hormone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The MITO-2 (Multicentre Italian Trials in @entity43 ) study is a randomized phase III trial comparing @entity3003 plus @entity1311 to @entity3003 plus pegylated liposomal @entity632 in first-line chemotherapy of @entity1 with @entity43 . Due to the paucity of published phase I data on the 3-weekly experimental schedule used, an early safety analysis was planned. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity43 (stage Ic-IV), aged < 75 years, ECOG performance status <or= 2, were randomized to @entity3003 AUC 5 plus @entity1311 175 mg/m2, every 3 weeks or to @entity3003 AUC 5 plus pegylated liposomal @entity632 30 mg/m2, every 3 weeks. Treatment was planned for 6 cycles. @entity137 was coded according to the NCI-CTC version 2.0. RESULTS: The pre-planned safety analysis was performed in July 2004. Data from the first 50 @entity1 treated with @entity3003 plus pegylated liposomal @entity632 were evaluated. Median age was 60 years (range 34-75). Forty-three @entity1 (86%) completed 6 cycles. Two thirds of the @entity1 had at least one cycle delayed due to @entity137 , but 63% of the cycles were administered on time. In most cases the reason for chemotherapy delay was @entity1398 or other hematological @entity137 . No delay due to @entity5515 ( @entity5515 ) was recorded. No @entity137 was recorded. Reported hematological @entity137 were: grade (G) 3 @entity417 16%, G3/G4 @entity1398 36% and 10% respectively, G3/4 @entity882 22% and 4% respectively. Non-haematological @entity137 was infrequent: pulmonary G1 6%, heart rhythm G1 4%, liver @entity137 G1 6%, G2 4% and G3 2%. Complete hair loss was reported in 6% of @entity1 , and G1 @entity16 in 2%. @entity5515 was recorded in 14% of the cases (G1 10%, G2 2%, G3 2%). CONCLUSION: This safety analysis shows that the adopted schedule of @entity3003 plus pegylated liposomal @entity632 given every 3 weeks is feasible as first line treatment in @entity43 @entity1 , although 37% of the cycles were delayed due to haematological @entity137 . @entity137 that are common with standard combination of @entity3003 plus @entity1311 ( @entity2359 and hair loss) are infrequent with this experimental schedule, and @entity137 appears manageable.

title: Safety of a 3-weekly schedule of @entity3003 plus pegylated liposomal @entity632 as first line chemotherapy in @entity1 with XXXX : preliminary results of the MITO-2 randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'Ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'toxic death', 'skin toxicity', 'toxicities', 'Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity5515 :: ('MESH:D017499', 'Disease') :: ['palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia', 'PPE']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: Phylogenetic analysis of bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA was used to examine polymicrobial communities within infected root canals of 20 symptomatic and 14 asymptomatic @entity1 . @entity377 sequences from approximately 750 clones amplified from each @entity1 group with universal bacterial primers were matched to the Ribosomal Database Project II database. Phylotypes from 37 genera representing Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria were identified. Results were compared to those obtained with species-specific primers designed to detect @entity3288 , @entity2523 , @entity2523 endodontalis, Peptostreptococcus micros, Enterococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., @entity8209 , @entity3289 and @entity14148 . Since members of the domain Archaea have been implicated in the severity of @entity2520 , and a recent report confirms that archaea are present in @entity281 , 16S archaeal primers were also used to detect which @entity1 carried these prokaryotes, to determine if their presence correlated with severity of the clinical symptoms. A Methanobrevibacter oralis-like species was detected in one asymptomatic and one symptomatic @entity1 . DNA from root canals of these two @entity1 was further analysed using species-specific primers to determine bacterial cohabitants. Trep. denticola was detected in the asymptomatic but not the symptomatic @entity1 . Conversely, Porph. endodontalis was found in the symptomatic but not the asymptomatic @entity1 . All other species except enterococci were detected with the species-specific primers in both @entity1 . These results confirm the presence of archaea in root canals and provide additional insights into the polymicrobial communities in @entity281 associated with clinical symptoms.

title: Phylogenetic analysis of bacterial and archaeal species in symptomatic and asymptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8209 :: ('851', 'Species') :: ['Fusobacterium nucleatum']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity14148 :: ('158', 'Species') :: ['Treponema denticola']

entities_list: @entity3288 :: ('28131', 'Species') :: ['Prevotella intermedia']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['Nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity3289 :: ('28112', 'Species') :: ['Tannerella forsythensis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['endodontic infections']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'Porphyromonas']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['endodontic infections']


abstract: AIM: Little is known yet about the clinical aspects of @entity3153 in pediatric age. In order to define clinical course, assess the risk of malignant @entity943 and evaluate indications for ablative therapy, we studied 82 consecutive pediatric @entity1 (pts) with this affection (61 males-21 females; mean age at diagnosis 5.1 years, range 1 day-15 years). RESULTS: Mean follow-up time was 66 months (range 3-252). Fifty-six pts (68.3%) were asymptomatic. One @entity1 , who was affected with @entity1121 and died suddenly when she was 2 while her cardiac rhythm was being monitored, had an EKG pattern of asystolia. In 28 pts (19 m - 9 f, 34.1%), episodes of reentrant atrio- @entity1165 , ranging from 160 to 320 beats/minute, were documented. Five pts, four of whom were less than 1 year old, had @entity1163 or @entity712 due to @entity591 . As far as maximum incidence of symptoms is concerned, two peaks were observed: within the first year and between 14 and 16 years of age. A transesophageal electrophysiologic study was performed in 22 pts, @entity591 were induced in 15, and risk criteria were satisfied in 3/22 (13.6%). Five pts underwent catheter ablation of an accessory pathway and this was successful in three of them. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical course in this series of @entity1 has been benign. Nevertheless, during the first year of life @entity712 or @entity1163 may occur because of high heart rates. The transesophageal electrophysiologic study, which is also easy to perform in pediatric @entity1 , has been sensitive in assessing the risk of malignant @entity943 , but it shows low predictive accuracy. Lastly, ablative therapy has shown lower efficacy in @entity1 than in adult @entity1 .

title: [Long-term follow-up on XXXX in pediatric age].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmia', 'tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular pre-excitation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity3153 :: (MESH:D014927,Disease) :: ['ventricular pre-excitation']


abstract: A native @entity11151 ( @entity19987 ) stationary phase was prepared by covalent bonding of @entity19987 on @entity3440 particles via @entity1432 -ene click chemistry. The resulting @entity19987 bonded @entity3440 (Click TE-CD) was characterized by elemental analysis, which proved the successful immobilization of @entity19987 on the @entity3440 support with @entity1432 -ene click chemistry. Click TE-CD was chromatographically evaluated with a set of @entity19317 glycosides under hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) mode, reversed-phase chromatography (RPLC) mode and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) mode. The @entity1626 content dependent "U" retention curves indicated its HILIC/RPLC mixed-mode retention behavior. The difference of the separation selectivity between HILIC, RPLC and SFC was described as orthogonality by using geometric approach. The orthogonalities between HILIC/RPLC, HILIC/SFC, and RPLC/SFC reached 69. 8%, 50. 8% and 50. 8%, respectively. The separation of Chinese traditional medicine Lignum Dalbergia Odorifera extract under HILIC, RPLC and SFC modes indicated the potential of Click TE-CD stationary phase in the analysis of complex samples. The mixed-mode HPLC properties and excellent orthogonality demon strated its flexibility in HPLC method development and its great potential in two-dimensional liquid chromatography separation on one HPLC column by different separation modes.

title: [Chromatographic evaluation of multi-mode retention behavior of XXXX -ene click chemistry based beta-cyclodextrin stationary phase].

entities_list: @entity11151 :: ('MESH:C031215', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-cyclodextrin']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

answer: @entity1432 :: (CHEBI:29256,Chemical) :: ['thiol']


abstract: CONTEXT: It is unknown whether @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) or @entity2449 changes sex @entity230 among premenopausal @entity1 without a history of @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ). OBJECTIVES: We examined 1-year intervention impact on sex @entity230 ( @entity53 , @entity251 , @entity2494 , and @entity2671 [A4]) and @entity443 and differences by race/ethnicity. @entity1 : A subgroup of @entity6 Prevention Program @entity1 who were premenopausal, not using @entity172 , without a history of @entity3610 or irregular menses, and who reported non-Hispanic white (NHW), Hispanic, or African-American race/ethnicity (n = 301). INTERVENTIONS: Randomization arms were 1) @entity1213 with the goals of weight reduction of 7% of initial weight and 150 minutes per week of moderate intensity exercise, 2) @entity2449 850 mg twice a day, or 3) placebo. RESULTS: Neither intervention changed sex @entity230 compared to placebo. @entity1213 , but not @entity2449 , increased median @entity443 by 3.1 nmol/L (~11%) compared to decreases of 1.1 nmol/L in the placebo arm (P < .05). This comparison remained significant after adjustment for changes in covariates including waist circumference. However, associations with @entity413 were not significant. Median baseline A4 was lower in Hispanics compared to NHWs (5.7 nmol/L vs 6.5 nmol/L, P < .05) and increases in A4 were greater in Hispanics compared to NHWs (3.0 nmol/ vs 1.2 nmol/L, P < .05), and these differences did not differ significantly by intervention arm. No other racial/ethnic differences were significant. CONCLUSIONS: Among premenopausal @entity413 -intolerant @entity1 , no intervention changed sex @entity230 . @entity1213 increased @entity443 , although associations with @entity413 were not significant. @entity443 and sex @entity230 were similar by race/ethnicity, with the possible exception of lower baseline A4 levels in Hispanics compared to NHWs.

title: @entity443 and sex @entity230 among premenopausal XXXX in the @entity6 prevention program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovarian syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['ILS', 'intensive lifestyle modification']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Nineteen @entity1 were prospectively randomized for operative treatment of their @entity1171 to be supplemented with or without ankle arthroscopy. All @entity1 had an SER or PER @entity174 with an intact medial malleolus requiring operative treatment without evidence of intra-articular debris preoperatively. All @entity1 underwent plate fixation of their fibula @entity174 and had a similar postoperative protocol. Ten @entity1 were randomized to the control group with plate fixation only and nine @entity1 randomized to the plate fixation plus operative arthroscopy. The average follow-up was 21 months. The arthroscopic examination of the study group revealed eight of the nine @entity1 to have articular damage to the dome of the talus. Minimal arthroscopic treatment of these joints was required. All @entity1 healed their @entity174 . No difference was noted between SF-36 scores or lower extremity scores between the two groups. At short-term follow-up, it does not appear that the arthroscopic procedure will impact upon the @entity1 's eventual outcome in this small group of @entity1 .

title: The role of ankle arthroscopy on the surgical management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity1171 :: (MESH:D064386,Disease) :: ['ankle fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Innate immunity contributes to the pathogenesis of @entity792 , such as type 1 @entity6 , but until now no randomised, controlled trials of blockade of the key innate immune mediator @entity1192 have been done. We aimed to assess whether canakinumab, a human monoclonal anti- @entity1192 antibody, or anakinra, a @entity1 @entity1192 receptor antagonist, improved b-cell function in recent-onset type 1 @entity6 . METHODS: We did two randomised, placebo-controlled trials in two groups of @entity1 with recent-onset type 1 @entity6 and mixed-meal-tolerance-test-stimulated C peptide of at least 0  2 nM. @entity1 in the canakinumab trial were aged 6-45 years and those in the anakinra trial were aged 18-35 years. @entity1 in the canakinumab trial were enrolled at 12 sites in the USA and Canada and those in the anakinra trial were enrolled at 14 sites across Europe. @entity1 were randomly assigned by computer-generated blocked randomisation to subcutaneous injection of either 2 mg/kg (maximum 300 mg) canakinumab or placebo monthly for 12 months or 100 mg anakinra or placebo daily for 9 months. @entity1 and carers were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was baseline-adjusted 2-h area under curve C-peptide response to the mixed meal tolerance test at 12 months (canakinumab trial) and 9 months (anakinra trial). Analyses were by intention to treat. These studies are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, numbers NCT00947427 and NCT00711503, and EudraCT number 2007-007146-34. FINDINGS: @entity1 were enrolled in the canakinumab trial between Nov 12, 2010, and April 11, 2011, and in the anakinra trial between Jan 26, 2009, and May 25, 2011. 69 @entity1 were randomly assigned to canakinumab (n=47) or placebo (n=22) monthly for 12 months and 69 were randomly assigned to anakinra (n=35) or placebo (n=34) daily for 9 months. No interim analyses were done. 45 canakinumab-treated and 21 placebo-treated @entity1 in the canakinumab trial and 25 anakinra-treated and 26 placebo-treated @entity1 in the anakinra trial were included in the primary analyses. The difference in C peptide area under curve between the canakinumab and placebo groups at 12 months was 0  01 nmol/L (95% CI -0  11 to 0  14; p=0  86), and between the anakinra and the placebo groups at 9 months was 0  02 nmol/L (-0  09 to 0  15; p=0  71). The number and severity of adverse events did not differ between groups in the canakinumab trial. In the anakinra trial, @entity1 in the anakinra group had significantly higher grades of adverse events than the placebo group (p=0  018), which was mainly because of a higher number of injection site reactions in the anakinra group. INTERPRETATION: Canakinumab and anakinra were safe but were not effective as single immunomodulatory drugs in recent-onset type 1 @entity6 . @entity1192 blockade might be more effective in combination with treatments that target adaptive immunity in organ-specific @entity792 . FUNDING: National Institutes of Health and @entity6 Research Foundation.

title: @entity1192 antagonism in type 1 XXXX of recent onset: two multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1192 :: ('3552', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1', 'Interleukin-1']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorders', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Juvenile Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanisms of change of deformability of @entity6415 ( @entity6415 ) and influence of @entity26108 on deformability of @entity6415 during endotoxin-induced @entity647 ( @entity647 ) in @entity35 . To explore the role of @entity6415 in @entity647 . METHOD: The model of @entity647 in @entity35 was reproduced by intravenous injection of @entity526 endotoxin. The deformability of @entity6415 was measured by micropipette aspiration technique. RESULT: The elastic modulus K1 of @entity6415 at the 1st hour (33 +/- 12 Pa), 4th hours (37 +/- 12 Pa, 1 Pa = 0.0075 mmHg) and 6th hours (38 +/- 13 Pa) after injection of @entity526 endotoxin are all significantly higher than that in the control group (26 +/- 9 Pa P < 0.01). The viscosity modulus (mu) of @entity6415 at the 4th hours (5 +/- 3 Pa.s) and 6th hours (6 +/- 3 Pa.s) after injection of @entity526 endotoxin are all significantly higher than the control group (3.1 +/- 2.6 Pa.s, P < 0.01). The elastic shear modulus (G) of @entity6415 at the 4th hours (54 +/- 20 Pa) and the 6th hours (56 +/- 21 Pa) after injection of @entity526 endotoxin are all significantly higher than the control group (47 +/- 17 Pa, P < 0.05). The K1(33 +/- 12 Pa) and mu(4 +/- 3 Pa.s) in @entity26108 group are all significantly lower than endotoxin group in the same time phases (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The deformability of @entity6415 decrease remarkably during @entity647 , which will enhance @entity6415 sequestration in lungs, lead to @entity647 . It may be one of important pathogenic mechanism of @entity647 . The @entity26108 can inhibit the decrease of deformability of @entity6415 effectively and may have some therapeutic effect on @entity647 .

title: [Changes of the deformability of neutrophil and the influence of @entity26108 on neutrophil deformability during endotoxin-induced XXXX in @entity35 ].

entities_list: @entity6415 :: ('MESH:C566014', 'Disease') :: ['polymorphonuclear leukocytes', 'PMN']

entities_list: @entity26108 :: ('MESH:C003922', 'Chemical') :: ['anisodamine']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'ALI']

answer: @entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['acute lung injury']


abstract: @entity463 multiforme is the most common primary @entity1313 in adults. It's characterized by a high @entity5 and rapid, frequent tendency to local recurrence. Distant metastases disseminated in the brain compared to the @entity75 and outside the central nervous system are rarely reported in the literature. The case which is being presented is of a 53 year old @entity1 operated in 2008 because of @entity463 WHO in the left periventricular parietal region, in which the main symptoms were the @entity1052 , @entity2414 . The @entity1 was operated totally followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Two years later @entity302 and @entity2026 were intensified. Due to this adverse symptoms MRI was ordered, which revealed a @entity5 in the left periventricular temporal region in different location compared to the @entity75 . The @entity1 was operated by temporal lobectomy. Histopathological diagnosis was @entity463 WHO. According to the literature we analyzed the natural @entity5 features and factors responsible for possibility to appear of the same type of @entity5 in another location of the brain.

title: Intracerebral metastasis of XXXX multiforme. Case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1052 :: ('MESH:D005862', 'Disease') :: ['Gerstmann syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['malignant brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'GBM tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['mixed aphasia and memory disturbance']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['Glioblastoma multiforme IV', 'Glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: The autopsy reports of the Pathological Institute Erfurt of the period from 1.1.1951 until 31.12.1969 were scored for cases of @entity583 and @entity1186 . Among 2,393 morphologically analysed @entity583 454 coronary @entity715 (18.97 per cent) were found. Males were significantly more affected than females. @entity1188 showed significantly more @entity715 than @entity1188 . We found fresh and occluding vessel @entity715 more frequently in fresh @entity1188 . The analysis of age distribution yielded an increase of the rate of @entity715 in cases with @entity583 . On the other hand, the frequency of @entity1188 in cases with a @entity1186 was decreasing. It is suggested that the risk for @entity1188 is larger in younger @entity1 with @entity1186 than in older ones. No @entity1188 were detected in 165 cases of @entity715 . Preferably this group includes those cases in which the @entity1 deceased within 6 to 8 hours and, therefore, the @entity1188 was not morphologically detectable.

title: [Coronary atherosclerosis, @entity1186 and @entity583 in autopsy cases. 9th communication: relationship of @entity1186 and XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Fresh infarcts', 'infarctions', 'callous infarcts', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity1186 :: ('MESH:D003328', 'Disease') :: ['coronary thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: In order to study the effect of @entity8666 therapy in advanced @entity4018 , 11 @entity1 (4 females, 7 males) were given, 3--5 mg per kg body weight, long-term @entity8666 treatment in a prospective multicenter study. Five cases had previously had a diagnosis of @entity6582 vera. All @entity1 had @entity417 initially, 4 @entity1431 and 10 @entity882 in addition. Hepato- @entity381 was present in all cases but in varying degree. Five @entity1 required regular blood transfusions before treatment. In 9 of the 15 courses given, there was normalization of the peripheral blood or substantial improvement (better than 3 g hemoglobin/dl or 50 X 10(9) platelets/1) after @entity3800 . Significant effects were noted both on hemoglobin values and platelet counts. The need for blood transfusions ceased completely in all 5 cases. When @entity8666 treatment was reduced or interrupted 4 @entity1 relapsed; 2 of them responded to a renewed course. The red cell counts returned to previous polycythemic values in one @entity1 and another died from @entity3052 . The results of this study suggest that androgens might be of value in advanced cases of @entity4018 with transfusion-requiring @entity417 or severe @entity882 .

title: XXXX treatment in @entity4018 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity8666 :: ('MESH:D010110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxymetholone']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['myelofibrosis']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity8666 :: (MESH:D010110,Chemical) :: ['Oxymetholone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the changes in the QTc interval during mild @entity2332 in neonates receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). DESIGN: Twenty seven neonates (median gestation 40 weeks; range 33-41 weeks) enrolled in a pilot study of mild @entity2332 were studied during the first five days of ECMO. The first group (N=7) were maintained at 37 degrees C throughout the study period. Subsequent groups (N=5) were cooled to 36 degrees C, 35 degrees C and 34 degrees C respectively for twenty four hours and the final group to 34 degrees C for forty eight hours before being rewarmed to 37 degrees C. Using a 24 h digital monitor, the QT and QTc intervals were recorded continuously during the cooling and rewarming period and validated using standard 12 lead electrocardiograms. @entity1 were carefully assessed clinically and routine biochemistry (including @entity1760 and @entity460 ) laboratory tests measured pre ECMO and at timed intervals during cooling and rewarming. RESULTS: The mean difference between the continuous digital and 12 lead ECG values for QTc was -13.3 ms. During the first 24 h of cooling, the mean (95th centile) values for the digitally measured QTc interval at 37 degrees C=431(506) milliseconds (ms); 36 degrees C=459(521) ms; 35 degrees C=445(516) ms; 34 degrees C=465(531) ms; 34 degrees C for 48 h=466(521) ms. During this period overall QTc increased by 3.12 ms (95% confidence intervals 6.17 to 0.84; p=0.04) for each degree fall in body temperature. During rewarming, there was no significant relationship between QTc and temperature change. No serious @entity943 were during cooling. Using univariate analysis, no relationship was found between QTc and electrolytes, heart rate and blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: QTc shows significant variability in individuals, and only a small proportion of this can be explained by rectal temperature. Mild @entity2332 was not associated with serious @entity943 .

title: The effect of temperature on the QTc interval in the newborn XXXX receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report late onset @entity2687 following myopic LASIK. METHODS: A retrospective cohort case series. Nineteen @entity1 with late onset @entity2687 following LASIK procedure were examined at The Eye Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. @entity1 underwent LASIK for @entity1714 with spherical equivalent ranging from -1.4 to -13.75  diopters. Age and gender, history of @entity262 , and time of onset of @entity2687 were recorded. Eye examination and corneal topographical analyses were done before and after LASIK surgery. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 (29 eyes) with late onset @entity2687 were identified from 1998 to 2008 in 13 male and six female @entity1 . The mean follow-up period was 108      23  months (range 72-144  months). No @entity1 had pre-operative identifiable risk factors for @entity2687 and the mean time of onset was 57      24  months (range 24-120  months after LASIK). The pre-operative values included mean central pachymetry 553      25   m, mean keratometry reading of 42.9      1.5  diopters, average oblique cylinder of 1.4      1.2  diopters, posterior surface elevation of 26      2.1  diopters, corneal flap thickness of 160   m, mean spherical equivalent of -5.6      3.6  diopters, and calculated residual corneal stromal bed thickness was 288      35   m. Three (5 eyes) @entity1 developed @entity4122 after pregnancy. Three (4 eyes) @entity1 developed @entity2687 following severe @entity9849 and had positive PCR for @entity9504 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2687 may develop many years after LASIK surgery and symptoms could go undetected for some time. Pregnancy and @entity9849 occurred post-operatively in six @entity1 .

title: Late onset XXXX after LASIK surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9504 :: ('MESH:D000257', 'Disease') :: ['adenovirus type 8']

entities_list: @entity9849 :: ('MESH:D007637', 'Disease') :: ['adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic or local diseases']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal ectasia', 'Corneal ectasia']

answer: @entity2687 :: (MESH:D003316,Disease) :: ['corneal ectasia']


abstract: The amygdaloid complex represents a group of telencephalic nuclei and cortical areas that control emotional and social behavior. Amygdalar development is poorly understood. It is generally accepted that the structures of the amygdala originate from the neuroepithelium at both sides of the pallial-subpallial boundary. In the present study, we mapped the expression of 13 members of the cadherin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules, which provide an adhesive code for the development and maintenance of functional structures in the central nervous system (CNS). Five classic cadherins ( @entity36835 , @entity36836 , @entity36837 , @entity36838 , @entity36839 ) and eight delta-protocadherins ( @entity36840 , @entity36841 , @entity36842 , @entity36843 , @entity36844 , @entity36845 , @entity36846 , @entity36847 ) were studied by in situ hybridization in the postnatal (P5) and adult @entity19 amygdala. In the different parts of the amygdala, each of these (proto-) cadherins shows a distinct and spatially restricted expression pattern that is highly similar at postnatal and adult stages. The combinatorial expression of (proto-) cadherins allows the distinction of multiple molecular subdivisions within the amygdala that partially coincide with previously described morphological divisions. Beyond these expected results, a number of novel molecular subdivisions and subpopulations of cells were identified; for example, additional molecular subdomains, patches, or cell aggregates with distinct (proto-) cadherin expression in several nuclei/areas of the amygdala. We also show that several cadherins are molecular markers for particular functional subsystems within the amygdala, such as in the olfactory projections. In summary, (proto-) cadherins provide a code of potentially adhesive cues that can aid the understanding of functional organization in the amygdala.

title: Cadherin expression delineates the divisions of the postnatal and adult XXXX amygdala.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Fifty cases of @entity5 were studied to determine what factors influenced outcome after peritoneovenous shunt. There were 36 @entity1 and 14 @entity1 . The five most common @entity5 types were colon, breast, gastric, pancreatic, and unspecified @entity420 . Multivariate analysis between those @entity1 surviving longer than 7 weeks (n = 20) and those who died in less than 7 weeks (n = 30) showed that @entity1 did uniformly better than @entity1 , even excluding the "female @entity5 " (P less than 0.01). An elevated white blood cell count (WBC) and low platelets also were strong predictors of poor outcome (P less than 0.5 for difference in means between the two groups). @entity1 with @entity788 and @entity843 fared poorly (80% mortality by 7 weeks) as did those with @entity694 (73% mortality by 7 weeks). By contrast, 50 per cent of the @entity1 with @entity0 lived more than 7 weeks. Twelve @entity1 had a LaVeen shunt placed, compared with 38 who had a Denver shunt. Fifty per cent of the La Veen shunts failed, with a mean time to failure of 69 days (P less than 0.01). Shunt failure, however, had no influence on overall survival.

title: Peritoneovenous shunt (PVS) for XXXX . An analysis of outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast and gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant ascites', 'tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant ascites']


abstract: BACKGROUND: IgE-mediated sensitization of questionable clinical relevance is routinely demonstrated in @entity1 with @entity483 ( @entity483 ) by skin prick test or radioallergosorbent test (RAST). We report the results of a randomized, double-blind multicenter study in @entity1 with @entity483 on the relevance and technical aspects of aeroallergen patch testing (atopy patch test, APT). METHODS: Two hundred fifty-three adult @entity1 with @entity483 in remission were tested in 7 study centers on clinically uninvolved, unabraded back skin with 3000 to 10,000 PNU/g of @entity7130 , cat dander, grass, birch, and mugwort pollen allergen extracts in petrolatum. After skin prick and RAST and a detailed history on aeroallergen-induced @entity484 flares was obtained, reading was done at 48 to 72 hours. RESULTS: Previous @entity484 flares after contact with specific allergens were reported by 10% (mugwort pollen) to 52% ( @entity7130 ) of @entity1 . The percentage of clear-cut positive APT reactions ranged from 44% with @entity7130 to 5% with mugwort. Positive skin prick (36% to 65%) and RAST (49% to 75%) results were more frequent. APT results showed significant concordances with history, skin prick, and RAST for @entity7130 , cat dander, and grass pollen (P < .001). Optimal test concentrations were 5000 (grass pollen) and 7000 PNU/g ( @entity7130 , cat dander). The APT had a higher specificity (69% to 92% depending on allergen) with regard to clinical relevance of an allergen compared with skin prick test (44% to 53%) and RAST (42% to 64%). CONCLUSION: Aeroallergens are able to elicit eczematous skin reactions after epidermal application. The relevance of aeroallergens for @entity483 flares may be evaluated by APT.

title: Evaluating the relevance of aeroallergen sensitization in XXXX with the atopy patch test: a randomized, double-blind multicenter study. Atopy Patch Test Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['AE', 'atopic eczema']

entities_list: @entity7130 :: ('6956', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus', 'D pteronyssinus']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic eczema']


abstract: AIMS: Low-grade @entity242 (LGMS) represents a @entity8650 with a predilection for the head and neck. Intra-abdominal LGMS are rare with only four unequivocal examples reported so far. Two further cases in females in their 60s and 70s are analysed here. METHODS: Immunohistochemical stains were applied on fresh-cut sections using the avidin- @entity1885 complex method and the following antibodies: @entity2277 , alpha-SMA, @entity2283 , h-caldesmon, S-100, @entity2467 , @entity2280 , fibronectin, HMB45, Pan-keratin, Ki-67, @entity3546 , @entity7465 , @entity675 , @entity3820 and @entity9511 . Genomic DNA was isolated from microdissected @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded @entity5 tissue and examined for KIT and @entity675 mutations by PCR and direct sequencing of KIT and @entity675 . Ultrastructural studies were also performed. RESULTS: The @entity5 arose in the mesentery and the pelvic peritoneum. Both revealed features intermediate between conventional @entity1492 and @entity1822 with fascicles of spindled, stellated or plump cells possessing fusiform indented vesicular nuclei and pale eosinophilic cytoplasm. Mitotic activity ranged from 1 to 15 per 10 HPFs. The @entity5 cells strongly expressed @entity2277 , variably alpha-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin, but were negative for @entity2467 , S-100, @entity2283 , h-caldesmon, @entity3546 , @entity9511 , @entity7465 , @entity675 and @entity3820 . One @entity5 showed a weak expression of @entity2280 . Molecular analysis revealed a wild-type KIT, exons 9, 11 and 13, and @entity675 , exons 12 and 18. The @entity1 developed multiple peritoneal recurrences at 5, 13 and 25 months, and 10, 19, 25 and 32 months, and were alive at 25 and 32 months, respectively. Distant metastases were not detected. CONCLUSION: Abdominopelvic LGMS follows a more aggressive clinical course characterised by a higher propensity for local recurrence, contrasting their more superficially located counterparts. LGMS may mimic a variety of benign and low-grade @entity5 and might be under-recognised.

title: Low-grade @entity242 with myofibroblastic features (low-grade XXXX ): clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, molecular genetic and ultrastructural study of two cases with literature review.

entities_list: @entity675 :: ('5156', 'Gene') :: ['PDGFRA', 'PDGFRalpha']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['myofibroblastic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity8650 :: ('MESH:D012983', 'Disease') :: ['rare soft tissue neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'malignant neoplasms', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['myofibroblastic sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity102 may be risk factors for @entity385 ( @entity385 ). We hypothesized that selected blood biomarkers of @entity281 (procalcitonin [PCT]), @entity2339 function (copeptin), and @entity409 (midregional proatrial natriuretic peptide [MRproANP]) are associated with incident @entity385 risk in the multiethnic, urban Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS) cohort. METHODS: A nested case-control study was performed among initially @entity64 -free @entity1 . Cases were defined as first @entity385 (n=172). We randomly selected controls among those who did not develop an event (n=344). We calculated Cox proportional hazards models with inverse probability weighting to estimate the association of blood biomarkers with risk of @entity64 after adjusting for demographic, behavioral, and medical risk factors. RESULTS: Those with PCT and MRproANP, but not copeptin, in the top quartile, compared with the lowest quartile, were associated with @entity385 (for PCT adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-3.8 and for MRproANP adjusted HR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.6-7.5). The associations of PCT and MRproANP differed by @entity64 etiology; PCT levels in the top quartile were particularly associated with small vessel @entity64 (adjusted HR, 5.1; 95% CI, 1.4-18.7) and MRproANP levels with @entity64 (adjusted HR, 16.3; 95% CI, 3.7-70.9). CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of PCT, a marker of @entity281 , and MRproANP, a marker for hemodynamic stress, were independently associated with @entity385 risk. PCT was specifically associated with small vessel and MRproANP with @entity64 risk. Further study is needed to validate these biomarkers and determine their significance in @entity64 risk prediction and prevention.

title: Procalcitonin and Midregional Proatrial Natriuretic Peptide as Markers of XXXX : The Northern Manhattan Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cardioembolic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic infections and neuroendocrine dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-axis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'IS']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between Jessner's lymphocytic infiltration of the skin (JLI) and @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), which has been the subject of debate since its initial description in 1953. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study including all @entity1 with a histopathologically ascertained diagnosis of JLI performed at the Laboratoire d'Histopathologie Cutan  e of the Strasbourg University Hospital between 1993 and 2003. Information about @entity1 characteristics and follow-up data were retrieved between 2004 and 2005. Special attention was paid to features indicative of @entity1252 . RESULTS: 210 consecutive @entity1 (102 @entity1 and 108 @entity1 ) with a mean age 42 years were diagnosed with JLI in the reference period. 175 @entity1 (83%) had multiple lesions and 32 @entity1 (15%) had only a single lesion at the time of diagnosis (data not available in 3 @entity1 ). The head, neck and upper part of the thorax were involved in 171 @entity1 (81%). An annular or arciform configuration and/or arrangement were present in 111 @entity1 (53%). Lesions consisted of red (100%) papules or plaques (98%). Mean follow-up was 4 years. Sixteen @entity1 (7.6%) had proven @entity1252 . Only 2 @entity1 (1%) developed >4 ACR criteria of systemic @entity1252 . Furthermore, 1 patient had @entity1701 and 2 @entity1 had @entity309 . CONCLUSIONS: This high frequency of @entity1 with typical features of @entity1252 strongly argues that JLI could be a dermal variant of @entity1252 and not an autonomous entity. It might be the cutaneous marker of a subset of @entity1252 @entity1 with excellent prognosis.

title: Could Jessner's lymphocytic infiltrate of the skin be a dermal variant of XXXX ? An analysis of 210 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['lupus erythematosus', 'LE']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['antiphospholipid antibody syndrome']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['lupus erythematosus']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The population of chronically critically ill @entity1 is growing as advances in intensive care management improve survival from the acute phase of @entity3124 . These @entity1 are characterized by complex medical needs and heavy resource utilization. This article reviews evidence supporting a comprehensive approach to the prevention and management of @entity3124 ( @entity3124 ). RECENT FINDINGS: The most efficient approach to weaning @entity1 with @entity3124 at long-term acute care hospitals is daily unassisted breathing trials through a tracheostomy collar. However, a substantial number of @entity1 transferred to long-term acute care hospitals pass their spontaneous weaning trials. Transfer to long-term acute care hospitals is associated with higher acute care costs and payments, but lower costs through the entire episode of illness. Universal decontamination is more effective than targeted decontamination or screening and isolation for preventing nosocomial bloodstream infections. SUMMARY: Combating @entity3124 begins with prevention in the acute phase of illness. Management strategies include a spectrum of ventilatory, nutritional, and rehabilitation support. Further @entity1 -centered outcome-based research in this specific population is needed to continue to help guide optimal care.

title: Strategies to combat XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness', 'CCI', 'chronic critical illness']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['chronic critical illness']


abstract: The ability of the host to modulate the granulomatous response around ova trapped in tissues determines the severity of @entity281 . Multiple factors may affect this modulation such as age, prior sensitization, history of treatment, and exposure. The present study examines the effect of different patterns of exposure on the sequential development and modulation of @entity738 in juvenile Kenyan @entity6599 ( @entity3474 ) after receiving either a single @entity281 (SI) of 1500 @entity380 cercariae or @entity281 ( @entity281 ) of 150 cercariae, once a week for 10 weeks. Prior to sacrifice at 17 weeks postinfection (p.i.), liver biopsies were obtained at Weeks 0, 6, 9, and 13. SI animals experienced more @entity353 compared to @entity281 animals. Peak hepatic @entity738 size (mean 355 +/- 65.5 microns diameter), the maximum percentage of eosinophils in the @entity738 (61%), and severity of disease occurred at 6 weeks in SI animals. Peak @entity738 size and pathology did not appear until Week 9 in the @entity281 animals (mean 317.7 +/- 67.3 microns diameter). @entity738 size, tissue @entity1712 , and gross pathology diminished by Week 13 p.i. and were virtually absent in both groups by Week 17. The decrease in @entity738 size, pathology, and clinical illness resolved more rapidly in the @entity281 @entity6599 . @entity281 @entity6599 were more susceptible to @entity281 (83 +/- 12% of cercariae developed into adult worms) compared to @entity281 @entity6599 (67 +/- 7%, P < 0.01). Eggs recovered from tissues at necropsy were primarily confined to the large intestine (85% of total egg recovered), followed by liver (10%) and small intestine (5%). Significantly more eggs were recovered from @entity281 compared to SI animals, indicating a higher fecundity of female worms in the @entity281 @entity6599 . These date demonstrate that granulomatous responses develop more slowly and modulate more rapidly with repeated @entity281 compared to a single heavy @entity281 and suggest the type of exposure may affect the pathologic response to @entity281 .

title: @entity380 : development and modulation of the XXXX after or multiple exposures in the @entity3474 ( @entity3474 ).

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged dysentery and greater weight loss']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma', 'Granuloma']

entities_list: @entity3474 :: ('9555', 'Species') :: ['Papio cynocephalus anubis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Singly infected', 'multiple infections', 'disease to schistosome infections', 'MI', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

answer: @entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['granuloma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is a multifactorial @entity792 in which genetic and environmental factors interact in the etiology. In this study, we investigated whether smoking and @entity1533 @entity24602 ( @entity24602 ) alleles interact differently in the development of the two major subgroups of @entity309 ( @entity309 ), anti-citrullinated proteins antibody (ACPA)-positive and ACPA-negative disease, in a multiethnic population of Asian descent. METHODS: A case-control study comprising early diagnosed @entity309 cases was carried out in Malaysia between 2005 and 2009. In total, 1,076 cases and 1,612 matched controls participated in the study. High-resolution @entity1533 genotyping was performed for @entity24602 ( @entity24602 ) alleles. All @entity1 answered a questionnaire on a broad range of issues, including smoking habits. The odds ratio (OR) of developing ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative disease was calculated for smoking and the presence of any @entity24602 alleles separately. Potential interaction between smoking history (defined as "ever" and "never" smoking) and @entity1533 @entity24602 alleles also was calculated. RESULTS: In our multiethnic study, both the @entity24602 alleles and smoking were associated with an increased risk of developing ACPA-positive @entity309 (OR @entity24602 alleles, 4.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.6 to 6.2; OR smoking, 4.1; 95% CI, 1.9 to 9.2). @entity24602 -positive smokers had an odds ratio of ACPA-positive @entity309 of 25.6 (95% CI, 10.4 to 63.4), compared with @entity24602 -negative never-smokers. The interaction between smoking and @entity24602 alleles was significant (attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) was 0.7 (95% CI, 0.5 to 1.0)). The @entity1533 *04:05 @entity24602 allele, which is common in Asian populations, but not among Caucasians, was associated with an increased risk of ACPA-positive @entity309 , and this allele also showed signs of interaction with smoking (AP, 0.4; 95% CI, -0.1 to 0.9). Neither smoking nor @entity24602 alleles nor their combination was associated with an increased risk of ACPA-negative @entity309 . CONCLUSIONS: The risk of developing ACPA-positive @entity309 is associated with a strong gene-environment interaction between smoking and @entity1533 @entity24602 alleles in a Malaysian multiethnic population of Asian descent. This interaction seems to apply also between smoking and the specific @entity1533 *04:05 @entity24602 allele, which is common in Asian populations but not in Caucasians.

title: Smoking interacts with XXXX shared epitope in the development of anti-citrullinated protein antibody-positive @entity309 : results from the Malaysian Epidemiological Investigation of @entity309 (MyEIRA).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity24602 :: ('MESH:D012753', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'shared-epitope']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'Rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1533 :: (3123,Gene) :: ['HLA-DRB1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hepatectomy is the standard of care for @entity1 with @entity14 who have isolated hepatic @entity3 ; however, the long-term survival benefits of hepatectomy in this population have not been characterized well outside of case series. For the current study, a population-based database was used to compare the survival of @entity1 with liver @entity3 from @entity14 who did and did not undergo hepatectomy. METHODS: @entity1 aged >or=65 years with incident @entity14 who were diagnosed from 1991 to 2001 were identified from the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database. Liver metastasis diagnoses, colorectal resections, and hepatectomies were identified from hospital, outpatient, and physician-supplier claims. @entity1 who did not undergo colorectal resection were excluded. Five-year survival from the time of @entity5 diagnosis was determined by the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate survival. RESULTS: Among 13,599 @entity1 who were identified with incident @entity14 and liver @entity3 , 7673 @entity1 (56.4%) presented with stage IV disease, and the remaining @entity1 presented with earlier stage disease and developed subsequent @entity3 . Only 833 @entity1 (6.1%) in the cohort underwent hepatic resection, and their 30-day mortality rate was 4.3%. The 5-year survival was 32.8% among @entity1 who underwent hepatic resection, compared with 10.5% among @entity1 who did not undergo hepatic resection (P < .0001), and better survival was observed in the subset of @entity1 who presented initially with disease in stages I through III. In a Cox model, which was controlled for age, sex, race, comorbidities, and stage at presentation, lack of hepatic resection was associated with a 2.78-fold increased risk of @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Although hepatectomy rates among @entity1 with @entity14 were low, hepatic resection was associated with improved survival.

title: Survival after hepatic resection in metastatic XXXX : a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) and pulmonary @entity1031 are difficult to diagnose, particularly following surgery. This report demonstrates the use of 111In-labelled platelet-specific monoclonal antibody, P256 @entity1334 ', for the diagnosis and study of the time course of @entity1031 in a @entity1 following total hip replacement. METHOD: One hundred micrograms of @entity5531 ( @entity12306 )-P256 @entity1334 ' was labelled with 8 to 10 MBq of 111In @entity2865 by incubation at room temperature for 15 min. After dilution in physiologic saline, the tracer was injected intravenously on the third and sixth days postoperatively. Imaging of the chest, pelvis, and legs was carried out at 24, 48 and 72 h following each injection. RESULTS: The first image four days after surgery demonstrated activity in the right heart which moved to the right pulmonary artery on the following day. Activity was seen in both femoral veins; on the left, this increased over two days, followed by a reduction on the seventh day after surgery, at which time new activity was seen in the right heart. After a further two days, this activity moved to the @entity358 . The @entity1150 was confirmed by venography and the @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) by ventilation perfusion scan. CONCLUSIONS: 111Indium-labelled platelet-specific monoclonal antibody, P256 @entity1334 ', provides a technique for studying the natural history of @entity1031 and its treatment.

title: Platelet imaging of XXXX . Natural history of postoperative @entity1150 and @entity1151 illustrated using the 111In-labelled platelet-specific monoclonal antibody, P256.

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['Deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['left pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic disease']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity5531 :: ('MESH:D004369', 'Chemical') :: ['pentetic acid']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolism']


abstract: We previously demonstrated that chemokine receptors are expressed by neural progenitors grown as cultured neurospheres. To examine the significance of these findings for neural progenitor function in vivo, we investigated whether chemokine receptors were expressed by cells having the characteristics of neural progenitors in neurogenic regions of the postnatal brain. Using in situ hybridization we demonstrated the expression of @entity25880 , @entity13766 , @entity13945 , @entity14013 , and @entity9843 chemokine receptors by cells in the dentate gyrus (DG), subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle, and olfactory bulb. The pattern of expression for all of these receptors was similar, including regions where neural progenitors normally reside. In addition, we attempted to colocalize chemokine receptors with markers for neural progenitors. In order to do this we used nestin-EGFP and TLX-LacZ @entity19 , as well as labeling for @entity14160 , a marker for dividing cells. In all three areas of the brain we demonstrated colocalization of chemokine receptors with these three markers in populations of cells. Expression of chemokine receptors by neural progenitors was further confirmed using @entity9843 -EGFP BAC @entity19 . Expression of @entity9843 in the DG included cells that expressed nestin and @entity9327 as well as cells that appeared to be immature granule neurons expressing PSA- @entity4497 , calretinin, and @entity14529 . @entity9843 -expressing cells in the DG were found in close proximity to immature granule neurons that expressed the chemokine SDF-1/ @entity19149 . Cells expressing @entity9843 frequently coexpressed @entity13766 receptors. These data support the hypothesis that chemokine receptors are important in regulating the migration of progenitor cells in postnatal brain.

title: Chemokine receptor expression by neural progenitor cells in neurogenic regions of XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity1423 and @entity855 ( @entity855 ) release were measured by use of the impedance method in blood samples obtained from 25 adult female Beagles before and after sedation with @entity11988 (0.13 mg/kg of body weight) and @entity3897 (0.05 mg/kg), and during general anesthesia. General anesthesia was induced by IV administration of thiamylal (average dosage, 2.1 mg/kg; range, 1.2 to 4.2 mg/kg) and was maintained with @entity1508 in @entity26 . Samples of jugular venous blood were obtained from each @entity235 , using @entity1792 as anticoagulant. Platelet count was done on each sample. @entity1423 and @entity855 released from the aggregating platelets were measured within 2.5 hours of sample collection, using a whole-blood aggregometer. @entity857 ( @entity857 ) or collagen was used as aggregating agent. For each aggregating agent, @entity1423 and @entity855 release were measured over 6 minutes. After sedation with @entity11988 and @entity3897 , significant (P < 0.01) reduction was observed in platelet count (from median values of 341,000 cells/microliters to 283,000 cells/microliters) and in the ability of platelets to aggregate in response to @entity857 (from 14.0 to 7.0 omega). During the same period, maximal release of @entity855 in response to collagen also was reduced (from 5.56 mumol to 4.57 mumol; P < 0.01); however, this difference ceased to be significant when @entity855 release was normalized for platelet count. During general anesthesia and surgery (200 minutes after sedation), platelet count and aggregation responses to @entity857 and collagen had returned to presedation values. None of the @entity235 in this study appeared to have hemostasis problems during surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity1423 in @entity235 after sedation with XXXX and @entity3897 and during subsequent general anesthesia and surgery.

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['Platelet aggregation', 'platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity11988 :: ('MESH:D000075', 'Chemical') :: ['acepromazine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['ADP', 'Adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity11988 :: (MESH:D000075,Chemical) :: ['acepromazine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Large endolymphatic duct and sac (LEDS) is one of the most common anomalies seen in @entity1 with congenital @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ), and is known to occur with other inner ear findings. Our purpose was to use high-resolution T2-weighted fast spin-echo (FSE) MR imaging to describe the features and prevalence of specific anomalies that occur in association with LEDS. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed MR images of the inner ear obtained in 63 @entity1 with LEDS and in 60 control subjects. We evaluated each image for features of cochlear and @entity394 , including deficiency of the cochlear modiolus, gross cochlear @entity4238 , asymmetry of the cochlear scalar chambers, enlargement of the membranous vestibule, gross @entity4238 , and abnormality of the semicircular canals (SCC). RESULTS: @entity18129 were present in 76% of ears with LEDS. @entity942 , gross @entity4238 , and scalar asymmetry were seen in 94%, 71%, and 65% of abnormal cochleas, respectively. @entity394 were present in 40% of ears with LEDS. @entity1283 , gross @entity4238 , and distortion of the lateral SCC were seen in 84%, 16%, and 32% of abnormal vestibules, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity18129 , @entity394 , or both are present in most ears with LEDS, and appear as a spectrum of lesions, ranging from subtle dymorphism to overt @entity1141 . The presence of @entity154 in LEDS affects treatment decisions and prognosis. Newer techniques of high-resolution FSE MR imaging provide a means of exquisite characterization of LEDS, as well as more sensitive detection of associated @entity154 .

title: MR evaluation of XXXX associated with large endolymphatic duct and sac.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['vestibulocochlear anomalies', 'coexistent anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['Simple enlargement']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss', 'SNHL']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity4238 :: ('MESH:D057215', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular dysmorphism', 'dysmorphism']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular anomalies', 'Vestibular abnormalities', 'vestibular dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity18129 :: ('MESH:D015834', 'Disease') :: ['Cochlear anomalies', 'Coexistent cochlear anomalies']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['Modiolar deficiency']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['vestibulocochlear anomalies']


abstract: The @entity16409 ( @entity16409 ) is a functional component of the @entity9597 , yet cells lacking @entity16409 are able to respond to @entity3646 . This has led to the suggestion that a surrogate gamma'-chain, which can interact with the @entity9597 chain to mediate signaling, is expressed on cells lacking @entity16409 . An alternative possibility is that in the absence of @entity16409 , the @entity9597 chain is able to transduce signals by homodimerization. To test this latter possibility, a chimeric receptor containing the extracellular domain of @entity2467 (the stem cell factor ( @entity6826 ) receptor) and the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains of the @entity9597 chain was generated. Treatment of cells expressing the chimeric receptor kit/ @entity9597 with @entity6826 induces activation of the @entity9597 -associated kinase @entity19904 and the transcription factor @entity8850 . However, @entity4149 phosphorylation of @entity7803 , which associates with @entity16409 , is not induced by @entity6826 in these cells. @entity6826 -mediated ligation of kit/ @entity9597 is sufficient to elicit @entity3646 -specific gene expression, including up-regulation of @entity7527 and synthesis of germ-line epsilon transcripts. In the T cell line CTLL2, ligation of kit/ @entity9597 induces cellular proliferation. Finally, in @entity19904 -deficient HeLa cells, @entity8850 activation by @entity3646 is completely abolished. Together, these data demonstrate that the @entity9597 cytoplasmic domain is sufficient to activate @entity19904 and @entity8850 and to induce expression of @entity3646 target genes, thus identifying a mechanism by which @entity3646 signaling can proceed in the absence of @entity7803 and @entity16409 .

title: The @entity3646 receptor alpha-chain cytoplasmic domain is sufficient for activation of XXXX and @entity8850 and the induction of @entity3646 -specific gene expression.

entities_list: @entity16409 :: ('3561', 'Gene') :: ['common gamma-chain', 'gamma(c)']

answer: @entity19904 :: (3716,Gene) :: ['JAK-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The incidence of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) is rising in part due to small @entity5 ( <=4cm) detected incidentally with abdominal imaging. Survival for small RCCs has been regarded as favorable and guidelines recommend partial rather than total nephrecteomy. We studied the frequency of synchronous @entity3 in @entity1 with small RCCs in Iceland. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study on 257 @entity1 with @entity1358  <=4cm out of 1102 @entity1358 @entity1 diagnosed in Iceland 1971-2010. @entity1 with @entity3 were compared to those with @entity66 . Hospital charts were reviewed and histology, @entity2802 -stage and disease-specific survival compared between groups. RESULTS: The proportion of small @entity5 increased from 9% in 1971-1980 to 33% in 2001-2010 (p<0,001) and incidental detection increased from 14% to 39% during the same period. Out of the 257 @entity1 with small RCCs, 25 (10%) had synchronous @entity3 , most frequently in lungs or bones. @entity1 with @entity3 were on average 1.9 years older, their @entity5 were 0.2 cm larger and more often located in the right kidney, their hemoglobin was lower and nuclear grade and @entity5 higher. Histology was similar in both groups. Five-year survival of @entity1 with and without @entity3 was 7 vs. 94%, respectively (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: One out of ten @entity1 with small @entity1358 has synchronous @entity3 at diagnosis. This is higher than in most previous reports that usually include surgical @entity1 only. @entity1 with @entity3 are significantly older, more often symptomatic, their @entity5 are larger and their prognosis worse. Our results indicate that small @entity1358 is a potentially systemic disease at diagnosis that has to be taken seriously.

title: [Small XXXX and synchronous @entity3 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'T-stage', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinomas']


abstract: @entity19 blastocysts were microsurgically injected with @entity189 cells from in vitro @entity14641 cell lines @entity37533 , C86, SIKR-OSB, and PCC3/A/I. The embryos were allowed to develop to term and the resulting offspring were analysed for chimaerism using coat colour markers and isozyme differences of the enzyme @entity8522 isomerase. When injected into blastocysts, cell line C86 produced @entity5 in six of 74 animals born. The @entity5 were detected at birth and were poorly differentiated @entity14641 . Cell line @entity37533 gave 13 chimaeras in 77 @entity19 born, five of which showed chimaerism only in normal tissues, mainly melanocytes of the coat and eye. The other eight chimaeras developed @entity5 . Seven of these developed in adult animals and were mainly @entity1492 . Cell line SIKR-OSB resulted in one normal chimaera in 44 @entity19 born. Of 86 animals born following injection of cell line PCC3/A/1, there was one chimaera with a small @entity5 and three normal chimaeras. The levels of chimaerism were generally very low. The @entity19 were test bred but with no evidence of germ line chimaerism. The karyotypes of all the cell lines were abnormal. How this and other factors such as cell cycle times might affect the incorporation of embryonal cells into the developing embryo is discussed.

title: Participation of cultured XXXX cells in @entity19 embryogenesis.

entities_list: @entity14641 :: ('MESH:D018243', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectodermal teratocarcinomas', 'teratocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity8522 :: ('CHEBI:21008', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose phosphate']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcomas']

answer: @entity14641 :: (MESH:D018243,Disease) :: ['teratocarcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of prism adaptation response in Japanese @entity1 with intermittent @entity5770 (X [T]) using the prism adaptation test and to assess whether @entity1 with selected types of X [T] benefit from surgical outcome to which prism adaptation response may contribute. METHODS: In a prospective study, 128 consecutive @entity1 with X [T] between 1990 and 1995 were enrolled. The prism adaptation test was conducted by neutralizing the angle of deviation for 2 to 3 hours. @entity1 who showed an increase in exodeviation by 10triangle up or more with the prism adaptation test were defined as having a prism adaptation response. For classification of the pattern of X [T], we chose a value of 15triangle up as the difference between the distance and near measurements. RESULTS: The percentage of @entity1 in whom the prism adaptation response was observed at near fixation was significantly larger than those at distance fixation [35 (27%) @entity1 versus 10 (8%) @entity1 , P <.05]. Of 35 @entity1 shown to have a prism adaptation response at near fixation, 21 @entity1 (83%) had the basic type of @entity5770 . Fourteen @entity1 (17%) with the basic type were changed to convergence insufficiency type because of an increase in near deviation and were defined as pseudo basic type. @entity1 with pseudo basic type had a significantly better surgical outcome compared with that of true basic type, whereas in the convergence insufficiency type, no definite tendency was found between the two subtypes, true and pseudo types. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with the pseudo basic type of X [T] in whom a prism adaptation response was demonstrated had a more favorable surgical outcome.

title: Prism adaptation response is useful for predicting surgical outcome in selected types of intermittent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity5770 :: ('MESH:D005099', 'Disease') :: ['exotropia']

answer: @entity5770 :: (MESH:D005099,Disease) :: ['exotropia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The health hazard of the @entity209 ( @entity209 ) is increasing, yet there is no effective pharmacologic treatment to this entity as a whole. Recently, @entity17211 was found to play an important role in the development of @entity209 . We studied the effect of the @entity9781 agonist @entity6170 on adiponectin and the metabolic profile in the @entity948 -induced @entity101 , @entity1717 , @entity6308 @entity35 model. METHODS: Thirty male @entity35 were divided into three groups. Ten were fed standard @entity35 chow for 5 weeks, 10, a @entity948 -enriched diet for 5 weeks, and 10, a @entity948 -enriched diet for 5 weeks, with @entity6170 10 mg/kg/d added during the last 2 weeks. Blood pressure (BP), oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT), plasma insulin, @entity1674 , and adiponectin were recorded, as well as mRNA levels of the adiponectin gene in visceral adipose tissue. RESULTS: @entity948 -fed @entity35 developed @entity209 as manifested by the increase in systolic BP (from 139 +/- 3 to 158 +/- 4 mm Hg, P < .05), insulin (from 26 +/- 1.6 to 40 +/- 2.5 muU/mL, P < .05), @entity1674 (from 91 +/- 9 to 304 +/- 24 mg/dL, P < .05), and impaired OGTT (area under the curve from 13,894 +/- 246 to 17,725 +/- 700 mg/dL/min). Treatment with @entity6170 reversed these effects and reduced BP to 133 +/- 7 mm Hg, insulin levels to 30 +/- 2.8 muU/mL, @entity1674 to 116 +/- 9 mg/dL, and the OGTT to 15,415 +/- 372 mg/dL/min (P < .05 for all variables). In addition, @entity6170 increased plasma levels of adiponectin fourfold from 4.3 +/- 0.1 to 18.4 +/- 0.6 mug/mL (P < .05). This increase was coupled with 3.8-fold increase in adiponectin mRNA in visceral adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows for the first time that in an animal model of @entity209 , the insulin sensitizer, @entity6170 , improves the metabolic profile and increases plasma levels of adiponectin and its gene expression. It is possible therefore that @entity6170 exerts its beneficial effects by increasing the levels of adiponectin.

title: Effect of @entity9781 agonist on adiponectin levels in the @entity209 : lessons from the high @entity948 fed XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity17211 :: ('MESH:C567258', 'Disease') :: ['hypoadiponectinemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose', 'Fructose']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity6308 :: ('MESH:D064250', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemic']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemic']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['rosiglitazone']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity120 ( @entity120 ) are managed according to evidence-based treatment guidelines. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this single-centre retrospective analysis, we examined outcomes of @entity1 with @entity120 caused by @entity299 ( @entity120 -CHD) with respect to exercise capacity and survival of adults treated with either bosentan or sildenafil monotherapy or bosentan-sildenafil dual therapy between January 2007 and January 2014. Of the 82 @entity1 analysed, 29 had Down syndrome; 54 (65.8%) received bosentan monotherapy, 16 (19.5%) sildenafil monotherapy and 12 (14.6%) dual therapy. Mean treatment duration was 2.5   years for all @entity1 and 4.1   years for 38 @entity1 treated for >= 2   years. Pooled @entity1 and treatment data showed initial improvement followed by stabilisation in mean 6   min walk distance (6MWD). For Down and non-Down @entity1 , mean 6MWD increased and then stabilised on bosentan monotherapy. Mean 6MWD of @entity1 on dual therapy at the time of analysis was 246.3   m before @entity120 -specific therapy initiation, 211.9   m immediately prior to addition of a second therapy and 214.4   m at last visit while on dual therapy. 1, 2 and 3-year survival rates for all @entity1 from time of treatment initiation were 96%, 87% and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: For the majority of @entity1 , monotherapy with a @entity120 -specific medication provided improved and sustained exercise benefits. For the small percentage of @entity1 who required it, add-on therapy appeared to prevent further deterioration in exercise capacity but did not improve 6MWD.

title: Effect of dual pulmonary vasodilator therapy in XXXX associated with @entity299 : a retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['PAH', 'pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary arterial hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Governments and donors all over Africa are searching for sustainable, affordable and cost-effective ways to improve the quality of @entity311 case management. @entity1118 have been reported in the prescribing and counselling practices of health care providers treating febrile @entity1 in both public and private health facilities. Cameroon is no exception with low levels of adherence to national guidelines, the frequent selection of non-recommended antimalarials and the use of incorrect dosages. This study evaluates the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of introducing two different provider training packages, alongside rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), designed to equip providers with the knowledge and practical skills needed to effectively diagnose and treat febrile @entity1 . The overall aim is to target antimalarial treatment better and to facilitate optimal use of @entity311 treatment guidelines. METHODS/DESIGN: A 3-arm stratified, cluster randomized trial will be conducted to assess whether introducing RDTs with provider training (basic or enhanced) is more cost-effective than current practice without RDTs, and whether there is a difference in the cost effectiveness of the provider training interventions. The primary outcome is the proportion of @entity1 attending facilities that report a @entity221 or suspected @entity311 and receive treatment according to @entity311 guidelines. This will be measured by surveying @entity1 (or caregivers) as they exit public and mission health facilities. Cost-effectiveness will be presented in terms of the primary outcome and a range of secondary outcomes, including changes in provider knowledge. Costs will be estimated from a societal and provider perspective using standard economic evaluation methodologies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00981877.

title: A cost-effectiveness analysis of provider interventions to improve health worker practice in providing treatment for uncomplicated XXXX in Cameroon: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Widespread deficiencies']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']