abstract: OBJECT: Spontaneous and medically induced CSF leaks are uncommonly associated with @entity977 . The aim of this study was to further characterize the clinical scenarios most closely associated with this phenomenon. METHODS: A review of the literature was conducted to identify all cases of nonsurgical CSF leaks associated with @entity977 . The authors aimed to identify associated risk factors and management strategies used to treat these @entity5 and repair the CSF leak site. RESULTS: Fifty-two @entity1 with spontaneous or medically induced CSF leaks in the setting of a @entity977 were identified from 29 articles published from 1980 through 2011. In 38 @entity1 (73%), @entity5254 developed following initiation of medical therapy, whereas spontaneous CSF leakage developed as the presenting symptom in 14 @entity1 (27%). The @entity1 ' mean age was 42.8 years (range 23-68 years). There were 35 males and 17 females. Forty-two @entity1 (81%) had a @entity2013 , with the remaining @entity1 having the following @entity5 : nonfunctioning @entity977 (6 @entity1 ), @entity2124 -secreting @entity652 (2 @entity1 ), mammosomatotroph cell @entity652 (1 @entity1 ), and ACTH-secreting @entity652 (1 @entity1 ). @entity5 invasion into the paranasal sinuses was specifically reported in 56% of @entity1 . The medical agents associated with CSF leakage were @entity935 agonists (97%) and @entity1943 analogs (3%). The average time from initialization of medical treatment to onset of @entity5254 was 3.3 months (range 3 days-17 months). Nonsurgical management was successful in 4 @entity1 , including 1 who had successful resolution with a temporary lumbar drain. Forty-six @entity1 (88%) underwent surgical intervention to treat the CSF leak and/or resect the @entity5 . In 2 @entity1 , surgery was not performed due to medical contraindications or @entity1 preference. CONCLUSIONS: Nonsurgical development of @entity5254 may occur in the setting of @entity977 , especially following favorable response of invasive @entity2013 to initiation of @entity935 agonist therapy. Additional cases have been reported as the presenting symptom of a @entity977 and are likely to be related to decreased @entity5 volume due to intrinsic @entity1188 or @entity548 , ongoing invasion, and/or increases in intracranial pressure. Surgical repair, preferentially via a transsphenoidal approach, is the recommended initial treatment for definitive repair of the CSF leak and achievement of maximal @entity5 resection.

title: Spontaneous and medically induced cerebrospinal fluid leakage in the setting of XXXX : review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma', 'prolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Infrasellar tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea', 'CSF rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: Islet amyloid has been recognized as a pathological entity in @entity164 2 @entity6 since the turn of the century. It has as its unique component the islet beta-cell peptide islet amyloid polypeptide ( @entity2532 ), or @entity2532 , which is cosecreted with insulin. In addition to this unique component, islet amyloid contains other proteins, such as @entity2204 and the heparan @entity597 proteoglycan perlecan, which are typically observed in other forms of generalized and localized amyloid. Islet amyloid is observed at pathological examination in the vast majority of individuals with @entity164 2 @entity6 but is rarely observed in @entity1 without disturbances of @entity413 metabolism. In contrast to @entity2532 from rodents, @entity1 @entity2532 has been shown to form amyloid fibrils in vitro. Because all @entity1 subjects produce and secrete the amyloidogenic form of @entity2532 , yet not all develop islet amyloid, some other factor(s) must be involved in islet amyloid formation. One hypothesis is that an alteration in beta-cell function resulting in a change in the production, processing, and/or secretion of @entity2532 is critical to the initial formation of islet amyloid fibrils in @entity1 @entity6 . This nidus of amyloid fibrils then allows the progressive accumulation of @entity2532 -containing fibrils and the eventual replacement of beta-cell mass by amyloid and contributes to the development of @entity4854 . One factor that may be involved in producing the changes in the beta-cell that result in the initiation of amyloid formation is the consumption of increased dietary fat. Dietary fat is known to alter islet beta-cell peptide production, processing, and secretion, and studies in @entity19 expressing @entity1 @entity2532 support the operation of this mechanism. Further investigation using this and other models should provide insight into the mechanism(s) involved in islet amyloidogenesis and allow the development of therapeutic agents that inhibit or reverse amyloid fibril formation, with the goal being to preserve beta-cell function and improve @entity413 control in @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: Islet amyloid: a long-recognized but underappreciated pathological feature of @entity164 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The efficacy and safety of two doses of @entity7023 were evaluated in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). In this 24-week, double-blind trial, @entity1 were randomised to twice-daily @entity7024 (200  g or 400  g) or placebo. The primary efficacy end-point was change in trough forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) at week 24. Other end-points included peak FEV(1), health status (St George's Respiratory Questionnaire; SGRQ) and dyspnoea (Transitional Dyspnoea Index; TDI). Overall, 828 @entity1 were randomised. At week 24, significant improvements from baseline were observed with @entity7024 200  g and 400  g versus placebo for trough FEV(1) (99 and 128 mL; both p<0.0001) and peak FEV(1) (185 and 209 mL; both p<0.0001). Peak FEV(1) improvements on day 1 were comparable with week 24. @entity7024 200  g and 400  g produced significant improvements over placebo in baseline-adjusted mean SGRQ total score (-3.8 and -4.6 units; p<0.001 and p<0.0001) and TDI focal score (0.6 and 1.0 units; p<0.05 and p<0.001) at week 24. With both @entity7024 doses, the incidence of anticholinergic adverse events was low, and similar to placebo. Twice-daily @entity7024 significantly improved bronchodilation, health status and dyspnoea, and was well tolerated in @entity1 with @entity1030 .

title: Efficacy and safety of twice-daily @entity7023 in @entity1030 XXXX : the ATTAIN study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7023 :: ('MESH:C542859', 'Chemical') :: ['aclidinium bromide']

entities_list: @entity7024 :: ('CHEBI:65346', 'Chemical') :: ['aclidinium', 'Aclidinium']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The independent prognostic value of daytime and night-time blood pressure (BP) variability estimated by noninvasive 24-h BP monitoring is unclear. METHODS: We followed 2649 initially untreated subjects with essential @entity101 for up to 16 years (mean, 6). Variability of BP was estimated by the standard deviation of daytime or night-time @entity13519 (DBP). A BP variability either less than or equal to the group median or greater than the group median (12.7/10.4 mm Hg for daytime @entity13519 / @entity11559 and 10.8 and 8.9 mm Hg for night-time @entity13519 /DBP) identified subjects at low or high BP variability. RESULTS: During follow-up there were 167 new cardiac and 122 new cerebrovascular events. The rate of @entity299 (x100 @entity1 -years) was higher (all P < .05) in the subjects with high than in those with low BP variability (daytime @entity13519 : 1.45 v 0.72, daytime DBP: 1.29 v 0.91; night-time @entity13519 : 1.58 v 0.62; night-time DBP: 1.32 v 0.85). The rate of cerebrovascular events was also higher (all P < .05) in the subjects with high than in those with low BP variability. In a multivariate analysis, after adjustment for several confounders, a high night-time @entity13519 variability was associated with a 51% (P = .024) excess risk of @entity299 . The relation of daytime BP variability to @entity299 and that of daytime and night-time BP variability to cerebrovascular events lost significance in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: An enhanced variability in @entity13519 during the night-time is an independent predictor of @entity299 in initially untreated @entity101 subjects.

title: Impact of blood pressure variability on cardiac and cerebrovascular complications in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity13519 :: ('8991', 'Gene') :: ['systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP', 'SBP']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Although many @entity1 diet, relatively few dieters are successful in maintaining @entity353 . The extent to which dieting behavior might dampen satiety responses normally mediated by the neurotransmitter @entity750 remains uncertain. This study tested the hypothesis that dieting behavior decreases the availability of plasma @entity2340 (TRP) and the ratio of TRP to other branched-chain @entity1522 (BCAA) that compete for entry into the central nervous system (CNS). This effect could diminish the CNS concentration of TRP, the @entity535 precursor for @entity750 synthesis, thus interfering with @entity750 -mediated influences on food intake. Using a fixed-order design, 15 healthy, normal-weight @entity1 were studied longitudinally during an ad lib dietary intake phase and subsequent reduced-calorie diet phase. Physiological and behavioral measures were collected at baseline, at the end of the ad lib-intake phase, and at the end of the 4-week study diet phase. Food intake was measured by a single-item test meal. Plasma TRP and TRP: sigma BCAA significantly decreased following the study diet compared to baseline (p < 0.05). Change in TRP and TRP: sigma BCAA significantly correlated with decrease in body weight (p < 0.01). No significant relationship was observed between postdiet change in TRP or TRP: sigma BCAA ratio and postdiet change in test meal food intake, with covariation for @entity353 . The observed decreases in plasma TRP and TRP: sigma BCAA extend previous reports suggesting that dieting behavior may diminish central @entity750 function through a reduction in precursor availability.

title: The effects of dieting on plasma XXXX concentration and food intake in healthy @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity2340 :: (CHEBI:27897,Chemical) :: ['tryptophan']


abstract: Background: Myocardial reperfusion after short durations of @entity63 causes prolonged @entity409 ( @entity1562 ). Recently it has also been suggested that @entity63 -reperfusion results in impaired coronary endothelial function. Since platelet function is, in part, regulated by an intact functioning endothelium, platelet function could be expected to change during @entity63 -reperfusion. However, the effect of @entity63 and reperfusion on regional and systemic platelet function is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a brief period of @entity741 followed by reperfusion on regional and systemic platelet function. Methods: Fourteen @entity1707 in an open-chest model underwent left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion for 15 minutes followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion. Platelet aggregability in response to 5   M @entity857 was determined simultaneously in the femoral (systemic; N = 14) and great cardiac (regional; N = 9) venous blood at baseline, during occlusion, and at 40 and 90 minutes after reperfusion. LAD blood flow and regional myocardial function were determined by standard methods. Results: Hemodynamics remained stable in all animals. During @entity1423 , increased only in the regional coronary circulation (126% of baseline, p =.0001). At 40 minutes of reperfusion systemic @entity1423 decreased (86% of baseline, p =.0001) and subsequently increased at 90 minutes at reperfusion in both the systemic (127% of baseline, p =.0001) and regional circula. tions (156% of baseline, p =.0001). @entity63 was evident by the absence ofdistal LAD flow during occlusion that returned during reperfusion and a typical response ofmyocardial stunning in each animal (stunning time = 47.7 +/- 5.2 minutes). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that platelet function is not static during @entity63 -reperfusion. Instead, during @entity63 regional platelet aggregability is increased. @entity1423 also increase during myocardial reperfusion. The mechanism of these responses is unknown but may be related to regional endathelial dysfunction created by ischernia. The response observed could also be explained by the release of proaggregatory mediators in the connary and/or systemic circulation during @entity63 -reperfusion. The relative hyeraggregability observed following reperfusion may be relevant for further investigations of @entity453 occurring after the relief of @entity741 .

title: Regional and Systemic Platelet Function Is Altered by XXXX -Reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['LAD occlusion platelet aggregability', 'platelet aggregahility', 'Systemic and regional platelet aggregability']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['contractile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial stunning']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery reocclusion']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Ischemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity86 is a frequent complication of anesthesia. However, there are few reports about postoperative shivering in oral and maxillofacial surgery. @entity86 in @entity1 after osteotomy was observed for recent 7  years. This retrospective study investigated the risk factors of postoperative shivering in oral and maxillofacial surgery. @entity1 AND METHODS: Anesthesia records of @entity1 who underwent an osteotomy of the maxilla or mandible were checked. A @entity1 's background (gender, age, height, and weight), anesthesia time, operative time, @entity3575 , @entity1937 , fluid volume, urine volume, blood loss volume, agent for anesthetic maintenance, rectal temperature at the end of surgery, and type of surgery were recorded in addition to the occurrence of postoperative shivering. In the univariate analysis, the @entity16043 exact test and the   (2) test were used, and a multivariable analysis was performed using stepwise logistic regression to determine risk factors of postoperative shivering. RESULTS: In this study, 233 cases were investigated, and 24 @entity1 (11.5%) had postoperative shivering. The occurrence of postoperative shivering was correlated with blood loss volume (shivering group, 633.9    404.8  mL; nonshivering group, 367.0    312.6  mL; P < .01) and core temperature at the end of surgery (shivering group, 37.2    0.6  C; nonshivering group, 37.5    0.5  C; P < .01). Two variables were associated with postoperative shivering. Rectal temperature at the end of surgery was the highest risk factor (odds ratio  = 2.560277; 95% confidence interval, 1.236774-5.327362), and blood loss volume was the next highest risk factor (odds ratio  = 0.997733; 95% confidence interval, 0.999-0998). CONCLUSION: Clinicians should pay attention to postoperative shivering not only in @entity1 with hypothermia but also in @entity1 with substantial blood loss.

title: Risk Factors for XXXX After Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative shivering']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['Postoperative Shivering']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No study has been carried out on the time trend in the prevalence of chronic @entity3617 (CB) in recent years, despite its clinical and epidemiological relevance. We evaluated the trend in CB prevalence during the past decade among young Italian adults. METHODS: A screening questionnaire was mailed to general population samples of 20-44 year-old subjects in two cross-sectional surveys: the Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA) (1998/2000; n = 18,873, 9 centres) and the screening stage of the Gene Environment Interactions in @entity1576 (GEIRD) study (2007/2010; n = 10,494, 7 centres). CB was defined as having cough and phlegm on most days for a minimum of 3 months a year and for at least 2 successive years. The prevalence rates and the risk ratios (RRs) for the association between CB and each potential predictor were adjusted for gender, age, season of response, type of contact, cumulative response rate, and centre. RESULTS: CB prevalence was 12.5% (95% CI: 12.1-12.9%) in 1998/2000 and 12.6% (95% CI: 11.7-13.7%) in 2007/2010; it increased among never smokers (from 7.6 to 9.1%, p = 0.003), current light smokers (<15 pack-years; from 15.1 to 18.6%, p < 0.001), and unemployed/retired subjects (from 14.3 to 19.1%, p = 0.001). In this decade, the prevalence of current smoking decreased (from 33.6 to 26.9%, p < 0.001), whereas the prevalence of unemployment/premature retirement (from 5.3 to 6.0%, p = 0.005), @entity565 (from 5.0 to 6.2%, p = 0.003), and @entity2023 (from 19.5 to 24.5%, p < 0.001) increased. In both 1998/2000 and 2007/2010, the likelihood of having CB was significantly higher for @entity1 , current smokers, @entity748 @entity1 , and subjects with @entity2023 . During this period, the strength of the association between CB and current heavy smoking (>= 15 pack-years) decreased (RR: from 4.82 to 3.57, p = 0.018), whereas it increased for unemployment/premature retirement (from 1.11 to 1.53, p = 0.019); no change was observed for gender, @entity565 , and @entity2023 . CONCLUSIONS: Despite the significant reduction in current smoking, CB prevalence did not vary among young Italian adults. The temporal pattern of CB prevalence can only be partly explained by the increase of unemployment/premature retirement, @entity565 and @entity2023 , and suggests that other factors could have played a role.

title: Diverging trends of chronic XXXX and smoking habits between 1998 and 2010.

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory Diseases']

answer: @entity3617 :: (MESH:D001991,Disease) :: ['bronchitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intraoperative @entity1209 (IONV) during cesarean delivery (CD) under regional anesthesia has multiple etiologies, and the role of prophylactic antiemetics for prevention of IONV remains controversial. In this trial we sought to determine the efficacy of granisetron for prevention of IONV during elective CD under spinal anesthesia with strict control of the causative factors. METHODS: The study was conducted as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 176 parturients. After administration of 10 mL/kg of lactated Ringer's solution, spinal anesthesia was administered with 0.75% hyperbaric @entity1341 15 mg, @entity3575 10 microg, and @entity1286 100 microg. Systolic blood pressure was maintained at 100% of baseline with aliquots of @entity2647 . @entity398 0.5 IU was administered IV upon delivery followed by a maintenance infusion. The @entity1 received either granisetron 1 mg or normal saline IV immediately after cord clamping. In case of persistent IONV, rescue dimenhydrinate 50 mg IV was administered. The primary outcome was the presence of postdelivery IONV. Secondary outcomes included the need for rescue antiemetic, @entity551 , @entity158 , and adverse effects. RESULTS: The incidence of postdelivery IONV was 20.4% in the @entity10442 group and 17.0% in the control group (P = 0.56, NS). The incidence of @entity551 , pre- (9.6%) and postdelivery (6.2%), was similar in both groups. The incidence of @entity158 (2.2% vs 4.5%, P = 0.68) and the requirement for rescue antiemetic (8% vs 6.8%, P = 0.77) were similar in the granisetron and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: Despite strict control of the causative factors, IONV still affects 18% of @entity1 undergoing elective CD, and prophylactic granisetron 1 mg is ineffective under the studied circumstances.

title: Prophylactic [corrected] granisetron does not prevent XXXX during elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity10442 :: ('MESH:D017829', 'Chemical') :: ['granisetron']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['postdelivery pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative hypotension', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity1209 :: (MESH:D020250,Disease) :: ['postdelivery nausea and vomiting']


abstract: @entity1562 ( @entity1562 ) is a plasma protein that regulates hibernation in chipmunks. The @entity1562 complex (HP20c) consists of three homologous proteins, @entity39479 , @entity39480 and @entity39481 , all produced by liver and belonging to the C1q family. To date, HP20c has not been identified in any @entity1 species except chipmunk and ground squirrel hibernators. Here, we report a @entity291 @entity39479 gene isolated from liver tissue and aortic endothelial cells. Total homology between @entity291 and chipmunk variants was 63% at the @entity535 level. Gene expression was highest in the liver. Western blot revealed @entity39479 protein in foetal, newborn, @entity291 and adult serum, with highest concentrations in the adult. Similar proteins were detected in sera of other ruminants but not in @entity1 , bears, @entity19 or @entity35 . @entity291 @entity39479 protein was found mainly in ovaries, stomach, heart, kidneys, lungs, testes and prostate, but not in the skeletal muscle. Native @entity39479 was purified from bovine adult serum as a complex containing 25 and 27 kDa proteins. Mass spectrometry revealed that these proteins are orthologues of chipmunk @entity39480 and @entity39481 , respectively. Interestingly, @entity291 @entity39479 was highly expressed in cattle serum after fasting. Native @entity291 HP20c may be a useful tool for investigating @entity1562 function.

title: Identification of XXXX hibernation-specific protein complex and evidence of its regulation in fasting and aging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['Hibernation-specific protein', 'HP']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['calf', 'bovine', 'Bovine']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: @entity571 ( @entity571 ) is a slow, @entity102 characterized by the focal deterioration and abrasion of articular cartilage. @entity1243 may play an important role in the pathophysiology of @entity571 . Exercise and @entity4823 therapy is one of the most commonly used in @entity1 with knee @entity571 . The goals of the present study are performed to investigate whether 12-week strength training program and @entity4823 have an effect on serum @entity1243 levels in knee @entity571 and the relationship between @entity1243 , clinical parameters, and radiographic severity of knee @entity571 . Thirty-seven @entity1 with the diagnosis of knee @entity571 were enrolled in the study. @entity1 were randomized into two groups. Group I (n = 19) received an exercise program, while group II (n = 18) received @entity4823 (1,500 mg/day) in addition to the exercise therapy. Both groups were treated for 12 weeks. @entity1243 level was assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks. The concentration of @entity1243 was measured by ELISA. The @entity1 were evaluated regarding @entity158 , disability, functional performance, and muscle strength. Both groups showed significant improvements in @entity1243 levels, @entity158 , disability, muscle strength, and functional performance with no statistically significant difference between the groups after the therapy. At basal time, plasma @entity1243 levels were significantly correlated with body mass index and duration of disease, but no significant correlation was found with @entity1 age, @entity158 , disability, functional performance, muscle strength, and radiographic severity of knee @entity571 . The results of this preliminary study revealed that exercise alone was adequate to prevent structural changes relieving the symptoms of @entity571 . We also found that exercise alone could affect serum plasma levels of the @entity1243 , important mediators of cartilage metabolism. Decreases in serum @entity1243 may be one mechanism by which cartilage metabolism affects physical function and symptoms in @entity571 @entity1 .

title: Effects of XXXX and exercise therapy on serum @entity1243 levels in @entity1 with knee osteoarthritis: preliminary results of randomized controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity4823 :: ('MESH:D005944', 'Chemical') :: ['glucosamine sulfate']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

answer: @entity4823 :: (MESH:D005944,Chemical) :: ['glucosamine sulfate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Historically, @entity1 with nonmetastatic @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) involving adjacent organs have been considered inoperable and incurable. The oncologic efficacy of an aggressive surgical approach was evaluated in a selected subpopulation of @entity1358 @entity1 . Further, an attempt was made to define the clinical and pathologic characteristics predictive of surgical failure. METHODS: With Institutional Review Board approval, the institutional nephrectomy database of 3470 @entity1 treated at MD Anderson @entity5 Center from 1990 to 2006 was searched for @entity1358 @entity1 treated with radical nephrectomy and resection of at least 1 adjacent organ thought to be directly involved by @entity1358 . @entity1 with nonmetastatic @entity1358 and a minimum follow-up of 6 months were included in the analysis. RESULTS: In all, 30 @entity1 with clinical T4NxM0 @entity1358 and median follow-up of 32.3 months (range, 8.5-140.1) met the study inclusion criteria and comprise the dataset for the analysis. On pathologic evaluation 60% of @entity1 were clinically overstaged, as only 12 (40%) of 30 @entity1 demonstrated direct invasion into adjacent organs resected. None of the clinical @entity5 characteristics predicted a finding of pathologic T4 @entity1358 . Nodal involvement and pathologic T stage were significant independent predictors of disease recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 3.726, P = .043, and HR 2.414, P = .045, respectively) and cancer-specific survival (HR 17.145, P = .002, and HR 3.791, P = .024, respectively). Disease recurred in 11 of 18 (61.1%) of <pT4 @entity1 and in 10 of 12 (83.3%) of pT4 @entity1 at a median 13.3 and 2.3 months, respectively; 13 (73.3%) <pT4 @entity1 and 5 (41.7%) pT4 @entity1 were alive at the time of analysis. CONCLUSIONS: True pathologic involvement of adjacent organs by @entity1358 cannot be predicted from pre- or intraoperative parameters. A significant proportion of @entity1 clinically suspected of having T4 @entity1358 are downstaged, and benefit from aggressive surgical resection with en bloc removal of involved organs.

title: XXXX clinically involving adjacent organs: experience with aggressive surgical management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: Acute onset of @entity459 is uncommon; neuropsychiatric signs are prominent clinical features in acute @entity2741 and they can subside after normalization of serum @entity460 . Radiation therapy is a well-known risk factor for non @entity259 , but it induces also @entity3243 . Data from the literature show that @entity1 previously treated with neck radiation have an increased risk of @entity459 . Furthermore concomitant @entity259 is more frequent in radiation-induced @entity2742 than in sporadic @entity459 . The case of a 63-year-old female @entity1 who at the age of 14 had been irradiated to the neck for @entity5651 and at the age of 50 had been repeatedly hospitalized for @entity716 is presented. She was admitted to the hospital for suspected recurrence of @entity716 , but clinical findings and urgent biochemical data showed on the contrary that she had a severe hypercalcemic crisis. Serum @entity6685 concentrations, neck echography and 99mTc-Sestamibi scintigraphy suggested hyperfunction of the right lower parathyroid gland; therefore the @entity1 was operated on. Pathological examination disclosed a @entity3243 but also two foci of follicular @entity5 in the right thyroid lobe with a @entity3 to a lymph node were observed. @entity146 signs disappeared after normalization of calcemia and 6 months after operation the @entity1 is free from @entity146 symptoms, despite she had stopped neurolectic drugs. It is underlined that @entity1 who had received neck irradiation must be carefully observed because they are at increased risk of @entity459 and concurrent @entity259 .

title: [Acute XXXX associated with follicular carcinoma in the thyroid: possible role of juvenile cervical irradiation. Description of a case].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity6685 :: ('MESH:D010281', 'Chemical') :: ['parathormone']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'Neuropsychiatric']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid tumors', 'parathyroid adenoma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer', 'medullary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity2742 :: (MESH:D006961,Disease) :: ['hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: This article evaluates the outcome of 42 consecutive zone 1 flexor @entity1796 treated by using micro bone anchors during the period 2003-2008. @entity1 were rehabilitated using the modified Belfast Regime. The range of motion at the distal interphalangeal joint was assessed using Moiemen's classification. A total of 56% of @entity1 achieved excellent or good results for range of motion at the distal interphalangeal joint and 23% had a poor outcome. The mean distal interphalangeal joint and proximal interphalangeal joint range of motion were 48   and 96  , respectively. A total of 94% of @entity1 returned back to work by 12 weeks. One @entity1 sustained a @entity397 and one developed @entity4034 . The mean QuickDASH score was 13.5 and 81% of @entity1 were satisfied with their outcomes. This is the largest clinical study on the use of bone anchors for zone 1 @entity1796 . Our study demonstrated a low rate of complications and outcomes that compare favourably with other published techniques.

title: The outcomes of zone 1 flexor XXXX treated using micro bone suture anchors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['tendon rupture']

entities_list: @entity1796 :: ('MESH:D013708', 'Disease') :: ['tendon injuries']

answer: @entity1796 :: (MESH:D013708,Disease) :: ['tendon injuries']


abstract: PURPOSE: To propose a roadmap and explore the cost implications of establishing a teleradiotherapy network to provide @entity5 care and capacity building in countries without access to radiation therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Ten low-income sub-Saharan countries with no current radiation therapy facilities were evaluated. A basic/secondary radiation therapy center (SRTC) with 2 teletherapy, 1 brachytherapy, 1 simulator, and a treatment planning facility was envisaged at a cost of 5 million US dollars (USD 5M). This could be networked with 1 to 4 primary radiation therapy centers (PRTC) with 1 teletherapy unit, each costing USD 2M. The numbers of PRTCs and SRTCs for each country were computed on the basis of @entity5 incidence, assuming that a PRTC and SRTC could respectively treat 450 and 900 @entity1 annually. RESULTS: An estimated 71,215 @entity1 in these countries will need radiation therapy in 2020. Stepwise establishment of a network with 99 PRTCs and 28 SRTCs would result in 155 teletherapy units and 96% access to radiation therapy. A total of 310 radiation oncologists, 155 medical physicists, and 465 radiation therapy technologists would be needed. Capacity building could be undertaken through telementoring by networking to various international institutions and professional societies. Total infrastructure costs would be approximately USD 860.88M, only 0.94% of the average annual gross domestic product of these 10 countries. A total of 1.04 million @entity1 could receive radiation therapy during the 15-year lifespan of a teletherapy unit for an investment of USD 826.69 per @entity1 . For the entire population of 218.32 million, this equates to USD 4.11 per inhabitant. CONCLUSION: A teleradiotherapy network could be a cost-contained innovative health care strategy to provide effective @entity5 care through resource sharing and capacity building. The network could also be expanded to include other allied specialties. The proposal calls for active coordination between all national and international organizations backed up by strong geopolitical commitment and action from all stakeholders.

title: A Roadmap and Cost Implications of Establishing XXXX Care Using a Teleradiotherapy Network in a Group of Sub-Saharan African Countries With No Access to  Radiation Therapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['comprehensive cancer', 'cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Comprehensive Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and genetic background in @entity1 with @entity8674 . METHODS: TCM syndromes were surveyed in the selected 78 @entity1 with @entity8674 intermedia including 120 parents. The gene mutations were detected separately. The frequency and score of TCM syndromes between the offspring and their parents in different family types were analyzed, and the differences were compared. RESULTS: The 73 families were divided into two family types by hereditary characteristics. Family type one meant that genotypes of one of the parents were normal, while the offspring genotypes were heterozygous and were exactly the same as another parent. In the 22 families of type one, the heterozygous offspring manifested 6 high-frequency symptoms and signs such as spontaneous perspiration, @entity2133 and dry throat, pale or sallow complexion, tidal @entity221 and night sweating, lassitude and pale fingernails. The heterozygous parents manifested 5 high-frequency symptoms and signs such as lassitude in loins and knees, dizziness, aversion to cold and cold limbs, @entity392 , @entity2133 and dry throat. The normal parents manifested 3 high-frequency symptoms and signs such as lassitude in loins and knees, dizziness, and spontaneous perspiration. @entity1058 score in the heterozygous offspring was higher than that in the heterozygous and normal parents, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). Family type two meant that genotypes of both parents were heterozygous, while the offspring genotypes were heterogenic duplex heterozygotes. In the 51 families of type two, the offspring manifested 9 high-frequency symptoms and signs such as pale or sallow complexion, spontaneous perspiration, @entity2133 and dry throat, pale fingernails, tidal @entity221 and night sweating, lassitude, frequent attack of common cold, dysphoria with feverish sensation in chest, and yellow discoloration of the skin and sclera. The parents manifested 3 high-frequency symptoms and signs such as lassitude in loins and knees, dizziness, aversion to cold and cold limbs. @entity1058 score in the offspring was significant higher than that in the parents (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: In the two family types, @entity1058 in the offspring is of @entity1503 , while the syndrome of the parents is of @entity8 . The differences of TCM syndromes between the offspring and the parents may have some relations to the type of mutant genes and genetically modified ingredients. This research provides scientific evidence to @entity1058 differentiation @entity2395 .

title: [A family survey of syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['yin-blood deficiency']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity1058 :: ('MESH:C562377', 'Disease') :: ['TCM syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8674 :: ('MESH:D017086', 'Disease') :: ['beta-thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['treatment of thalassemia']

answer: @entity8674 :: (MESH:D017086,Disease) :: ['beta-thalassemia']


abstract: Antibiotic fermentation processes are raw material cost intensive and the profitability is greatly dependent on the product yield per unit substrate consumed. In order to reduce costs, industrial processes use organic @entity1568 substrates (ONS) such as @entity4336 steep liquor and @entity375 extract. Thus, although the stoichiometric analysis is the first logical step in process development, it is often difficult to achieve due to the ill-defined nature of the medium. Here, we present a black-box stoichiometric model for @entity37155 production via @entity37154 fermentation in complex multi-substrate medium. The stoichiometric coefficients have been experimentally evaluated for nine different media compositions. The ONS was quantified in terms of the @entity535 content that it provides. Note that the black box stoichiometric model is an overall result of the metabolic reactions that occur during growth. Hence, the observed stoichiometric coefficients are liable to change during the batch cycle. To capture the shifts in stoichiometry, we carried out the stoichiometric analysis over short intervals of 8-16 h in a batch cycle of 100-200 h. An error analysis shows that there are no systematic errors in the measurements and that there are no unaccounted products in the process. The growth stoichiometry shows a shift from one substrate combination to another during the batch cycle. The shifts were observed to correlate well with the shifts in the trends of pH and exit @entity544 profiles. To exemplify, the @entity3265 uptake and @entity1507 uptake phases were marked by a decreasing pH trend and an increasing pH trend, respectively. Further, we find the product yield per unit @entity505 substrate to be greatly dependent on the nature of the @entity1568 substrate. The analysis presented here can be readily applied to other fermentation systems that employ multi-substrate complex media.

title: Phase shifts in the stoichiometry of XXXX fermentation and correlation with the trends in the parameters measured online.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity37154 :: ('713604', 'Species') :: ['Amycolatopsis mediterranei S699']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity37155 :: ('MESH:C033974', 'Chemical') :: ['rifamycin B']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity37155 :: (MESH:C033974,Chemical) :: ['rifamycin B']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity356 @entity1 are first diagnosed with an unresectable @entity5 in up to 40% of cases. @entity1084 causes @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity2700 and @entity3147 . The aim of the study was to compare self-expanding metal stents to antrectomy and Roux-en Y gastrojejunostomy for palliation of obstructive @entity420 of the gastric antrum. METHODS: retrospective study in @entity1 with obstructing @entity5 of the gastric antrum. @entity1 were divided into two groups: group A, underwent endoscopic placement of self-expanding metal stents and group B underwent surgical treatment with antrectomy and Roux-en Y gastrojejunostomy. Collected data included: age, gender, performance status (Karnofsky's score), body mass index, histopathology, clinical stage (TNM classification), technical and clinical success of the procedure, time to oral intake, in-hospital stay, reintervention rate, and complications related to the treatment and survival. RESULTS: a total of 39 @entity1 with @entity356 were included, 21 male and 18 female. Nineteen @entity1 were assigned to group A and 20 @entity1 to group B. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in regards to age, body mass index, Karnofsky's score and clinical stage. The technical and clinical success was similar for both groups. There was a statistically significant difference between groups favoring self-expanding metal stent in time to oral intake (1    0 vs. 4.9    0.6 days, p = 0.0001) and in-hospital stay (0.94    1.18 vs. 7.8    7.7 days, p = 0.0005). We did not find statistically significant differences with regards to long-term survival. CONCLUSIONS: in @entity1 with malignant @entity1084 due to @entity356 , endoscopic palliation with self-expanding metal stents provide a shorter interval to oral intake, shorter in-hospital stay and lower rate of complications.

title: Self-expanding metal stents versus antrectomy for the palliative treatment of obstructive XXXX of the gastric antrum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction', 'Gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical resection is a universal component of @entity11 therapy. Little is known about the postoperative microenvironment due to limited preclinical models. Thus, we sought to develop a @entity11 resection and recurrence model in syngeneic immune-competent @entity19 to understand how surgical resection influences @entity5 biology and the local microenvironment. METHODS: We genetically engineered cells from a @entity19 @entity11 @entity19 model to express fluorescent and bioluminescent reporters. Established allografts were resected using image-guided microsurgery. @entity86 recurrence was monitored by serial imaging, and the peritumoral microenvironment was characterized by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Coculture techniques were used to explore how astrocyte injury influences @entity146 in vitro. Transcriptome and secretome alterations in injured astrocytes was examined by RNA-seq and Luminex. RESULTS: We found that image-guided resection achieved >90% reduction in @entity5 volume but failed to prevent both local and distant @entity5 recurrence. Immunostaining for glial fibrillary acidic protein and nestin showed that resection-induced injury led to temporal and spatial alterations in reactive astrocytes within the peritumoral microenvironment. In vitro, we found that astrocyte injury induced transcriptome and secretome alterations and promoted @entity5 proliferation, as well as migration. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates a unique syngeneic model of @entity11 resection and recurrence in immune-competent @entity19 . Furthermore, this model provided insights into the pattern of postsurgical @entity5 recurrence and changes in the peritumoral microenvironment, as well as the impact of injured astrocytes on @entity11 growth and invasion. A better understanding of the postsurgical @entity5 microenvironment will allow development of targeted anticancer agents that improve surgery-mediated effects on @entity5 biology.

title: Reactive astrocytes potentiate @entity146 in a XXXX @entity11 resection and recurrence model.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['tumor aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative tumor']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Epithelial cells from the toad urinary bladder have been grown in continuous culture. Many of the cells resemble the granular cell type of the urinary bladder. They form an epithelium with typical tight junctions and gap junctions. The transport properties of two cell lines have been examined. When cells of the line designated TB-M or of line TB-6c are grown on collagen-coated nucleopore filters, epithelia are formed that have transepithelial potential differences of 40 and 20 mV, resistances of 5000 and 10,000 omega-cm2, and short-circuit currents (ISC) of 8.5 and 2.5 muA/cm2, respectively. Net mucosa to serosa @entity1372 transport accounts for all of ISC in line TB-M and for 70% of ISC in line TB-6c. Vasopressin, which stimulates adenylate cylase and ISC in the intact bladder, has no effect on the cells in culture. @entity1919 stimulates ISC and lowers resistance in both lines. @entity1369 stimulates ISC in both lines. This is accompanied by a fall in resistance in line TB-M and no change in resistance in line TB-6c. @entity6478 inhibits ISC in TB-M cells under basal conditions and after stimulation by @entity1369 . In line TB-6c @entity6478 has no effect under basal conditions but lowers ISC of @entity1369 -treated cells to the basal level. Thus, the cells have retained the ability to form oriented, high-resistance epithelial membranes that manifest hormone-sensitive transepithelial @entity1372 transport.

title: Toad urinary bladder epithelial cells in culture: maintenance of epithelial structure, XXXX transport, and response to hormones.

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['Aldosterone', 'aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['Amiloride', 'amiloride']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serum levels of @entity11153 ( @entity11153 ) may reflect the degree of @entity32 in @entity1 with @entity565 , but its clinical value as a parameter for monitoring @entity565 remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: We measured the ratios of the serum @entity11153 concentrations to peripheral blood eosinophil counts ( @entity11153 /Eo ratio) in @entity1 with @entity565 and evaluated the correlation between these ratios and individual @entity565 severity. METHODS: The serum @entity11153 concentrations and peripheral blood eosinophil counts were measured by radioimmunoassay and an autoanalyzer, respectively. Each @entity1 with @entity565 was in remission at the time the serum specimen was obtained. An overall evaluation of @entity565 severity for each @entity1 was determined by the frequency and severity of @entity565 attacks and by clinical scores. RESULTS: The @entity11153 /Eo ratio in @entity1 with severe @entity565 was significantly higher than in those with mild @entity565 . However, serum @entity11153 concentrations and peripheral blood eosinophil counts were not different among the @entity1 with mild, moderate, or severe @entity565 . The @entity11153 /Eo ratios correlated significantly with the monthly average of the clinical scores, but the serum @entity11153 concentrations did not correlate with the monthly average of the clinical scores. The @entity11153 /Eo ratios were also increased in @entity1 with more severe @entity565 whose serum IgE concentrations and peripheral eosinophil counts were not elevated. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity11153 /Eo ratio may be useful in assessing @entity565 severity; however, the serum @entity11153 concentration or peripheral blood eosinophil count is not useful.

title: Significance of the XXXX /eosinophil count ratio in asthmatic @entity1 : its relationship to disease severity.

entities_list: @entity11153 :: ('6037', 'Gene') :: ['eosinophil cationic protein', 'ECP']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity11153 :: (6037,Gene) :: ['eosinophil cationic protein']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of paraspinal administration of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) in @entity1 with @entity1643 (LBA). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eight @entity1 with chronic LBA were injected with BoNT-A at three sites on either side of lumbar paraspinal muscles. The @entity1 rated their @entity158 intensity using a visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0 to 10, and our physiotherapist assessed the @entity2473 using a functional scale (FS) from 0 to 5. The improvement in both VAS and FS 30, 60 and 90 days after BoNT-A from baseline was analyzed separately using paired t test. The correlation between the @entity2473 (FS) and @entity158 relief (VAS) was analyzed using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test. The level of statistical significance was p < 0.05. RESULTS: Five (63%) @entity1 showed a remarkable recovery in VAS and FS, whereas 2 (25%) @entity1 showed improvement only in FS. Statistically significant improvement was achieved in VAS and FS independently 30 days (p < 0.02 and p < 0.02, respectively), 60 days (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively) and 90 days (p < 0.02 and p < 0.001, respectively) after treatment. @entity158 relief started early and it was independent of relief of @entity2473 30 days after treatment (r = 0.685; p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: With this limited study, we have demonstrated that the paraspinal injection of BoNT-A is effective in relieving chronic LBA without producing side effects. The injection is an easy procedure, well tolerated and did not require anesthesia or imaging technique.

title: XXXX treatment with botulinum neurotoxin type A. Local experience in Kuwait.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back ache']

entities_list: @entity2473 :: ('MESH:D013035', 'Disease') :: ['paraspinal muscle spasm', 'muscle spasm']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['Low back ache']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current staging systems do not specifically address cutaneous @entity189 with eccrine differentiation. Due to their rarity, prognosis and management strategies are not well established. A population-based study was performed to determine prognostic factors and survival. METHODS: @entity1 diagnosed with cutaneous @entity189 with eccrine differentiation were identified using the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results population-based @entity5 registry. Associations between risk factors, treatment modalities, and survival were calculated using logistical regression, Kaplan-Meier estimates and log-rank analysis. RESULTS: The incidence of distinct eccrine subtypes was determined within 1,045 @entity1 with cutaneous @entity5 containing eccrine differentiation. All-cause 5-year survival ( @entity3012 ) was 82%, while age-adjusted survival was 94%. @entity1 with @entity189 had improved @entity3012 (90%) compared to @entity1 with hidradenocarcinoma (74%), spiradenocarcinoma (77%), @entity38077 (79%), and eccrine @entity420 (81%). The majority of @entity1 were treated with surgical excision and a small subset with surgery plus radiation, with similar @entity3012 . @entity1 with well-to-moderately differentiated @entity5 demonstrated improved @entity3012 compared to those with poorly differentiated/anaplastic disease. CONCLUSIONS: Histological subtype and grade were associated with survival, and should be specified in biopsies and excised specimens. @entity954 is appropriate, and the addition of adjuvant radiation may not be associated with survival. These results highlight survival data and high-risk prognostic factors that warrant prospective validation, and may augment current staging systems.

title: Survival after resection of cutaneous XXXX with eccrine differentiation: risk factors and trends in outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity38077 :: ('MESH:D057090', 'Disease') :: ['porocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adnexal tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['microcystic adnexal carcinoma', 'adnexal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical excision']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['adnexal carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity189 arising in the cardioesophageal junction is a distinct clinical entity compared with @entity5 located in other regions of the stomach. The prognosis for @entity420 of the upper stomach is considered to be relatively poorer than @entity189 of the more distal stomach. We have therefore investigated @entity1 with @entity356 in order to evaluate the underlying cause of this poor prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinicopathologic features and postoperative prognosis of 101 @entity1 with @entity189 were evaluated and compared with findings on 1884 @entity1 with @entity5 in other regions of the stomach. RESULTS: Tumors of the @entity418 had a mean size of 6.8 cm, which was significantly larger than the mean size of 5.9 cm for @entity5 found in the middle- and lower third of the stomach. The incidence of serosal invasion, lymph node @entity3 , and lymphatic and blood vessel invasion was higher in association with @entity420 than with @entity420 in remaining parts of the stomach. In the analysis of @entity1 who had undergone curative resection, the 5-year survival rates were 61.6, 79.1, and 82.6% in @entity1 with @entity189 , upper one-third, and remaining middle- and lower one-third of the stomach, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant. Multivariate analysis indicated that @entity418 is an independent prognostic factor. With regard to the site of recurrence, both lymph node and hematogenous recurrence were observed more frequently in the @entity418 than in the remaining parts of the stomach. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity418 is extremely poor. To improve their prognosis, new treatments in addition to gastrectomy with extensive lymph node dissection are needed.

title: Distinct recurrence pattern and outcome of @entity418 in comparison with XXXX of other regions of the stomach.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma', 'carcinomas', 'carcinoma of the cardia']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['cardia', 'adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the cardia', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the gastric cardia']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: @entity1151 is a life-threatening emergency that must be promptly diagnosed and managed. A 52-year-old @entity1 presented with progressively increasing dyspnoea for three days. He had a previous history of @entity1030 and was currently a heavy smoker. Examination revealed bilateral wheezing. Chest x-ray and electrocardiography showed non-specific changes. The @entity1 was initially treated as a case of @entity1030 exacerbation @entity55 . However, despite optimum medical management, his @entity26 saturation deteriorated. Emergent computed tomography scan of chest showed bilateral @entity1151 . As the @entity1 's haemodynamic status rapidly deteriorated, cardiothoracic surgery team was immediately consulted and the @entity1 was taken to the operating room. Under cardiopulmonary bypass, bilateral open embolectomy was performed. Following surgical intervention, the @entity1 made a remarkable recovery.

title: Successful surgical embolectomy in acute massive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['secondary to pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['Acute massive pulmonary embolism', 'massive pulmonary emboli']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['bilateral pulmonary embolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4507 goodii is a rare cause of significant @entity281 . M. goodii has mainly been associated with @entity3298 , @entity2688 , @entity4034 , and wound @entity281 . CASE PRESENTATION: A case of a 76-year-old Caucasian female is presented. The @entity1 developed a @entity340 caused by M. goodii. She had also suffered from severe @entity16 related to a @entity999 that could be demonstrated as an @entity2806 found on CT of the brain. Transesophageal echocardiography verified a large @entity47 attached to the prosthetic valve. Commonly used blood culture bottles showed growth of the bacteria after 3 days. CONCLUSIONS: Although M. goodii is rarely involved in these kinds of severe @entity281 , rapidly growing mycobacteria should be recognized during conventional bacterial investigations and identified by molecular tools such as analysis of 16S rDNA. Species identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria is demanding and is preferably done in collaboration with a mycobacterial laboratory. An early diagnosis provides the opportunity for adequate treatment. In the present case, prolonged antimicrobial treatment and surgery with replacement of the prosthetic valve was successful.

title: A case of @entity4507 goodii XXXX in a non-immunocompromised @entity1 : use of 16S rDNA analysis for rapid diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesion']

entities_list: @entity4507 :: ('MESH:D009164', 'Disease') :: ['Mycobacterium']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['septic emboli']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetation']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic valve endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenitis']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['prosthetic valve endocarditis']


abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the angiographic and clinical outcome of @entity1 with @entity256 treated with balloon angioplasty with provisional stenting. The study included 375 consecutive @entity1 with in-stent restenosis managed with balloon angioplasty alone or combined with stenting. Clinical events were recorded during a 1-year follow-up period and quantitative analysis was performed on 6-month angiographic data. Of the 373 @entity1 (451 lesions) with a successful procedure, 273 were treated with angioplasty alone and 100 with additional stenting. @entity75 revascularization was required in 23.7% of the @entity1 : 20.7% in @entity1 with angioplasty and 31.0% in @entity1 with stenting. Angiographic restenosis rate was 38.9%: 35.8% in the angioplasty group and 47.7% in the stent group. Stenting in small vessels was associated with a much higher restenosis rate than in larger vessels (65.6% vs. 37.5%, respectively; P = 0.01). Thus, repeat balloon angioplasty with provisional stenting for in-stent restenosis is a safe treatment strategy associated with a relatively favorable long-term outcome. However, the long-term results might be improved if additional stenting is avoided especially in small vessels. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 48:151-156, 1999.

title: Clinical and angiographic follow-up after balloon angioplasty with provisional stenting for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Target lesion']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['coronary in-stent restenosis']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['coronary in-stent restenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To identify the survival and standardized mortality ratio with respect to gender, age, and treatment method of @entity1 treated for @entity2249 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records of 736 @entity1 treated for @entity2249 at Vilnius University Emergency Hospital during 2004-2006 was carried out. RESULTS: The overall 1- and 2-year survival rates were 77.4% and 67.1%, respectively. Lower survival rates were observed in the internal fixation group than in the primary and secondary total hip arthroplasty groups (63.2% vs. 72.0% and 75.1%). Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed @entity1 age to be a significant risk factor for survival (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.04-1.07; P<0.001). The overall standardized mortality ratio was 2.50. The standardized mortality ratios for @entity1 and @entity1 were 3.07 and 2.27, respectively, but the difference between these groups was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Standardized mortality and survival rates decreased with increasing @entity1 ' age. Significantly lower survival rates were documented in the internal fixation group as compared with primary and secondary total hip arthroplasty groups. There was a trend toward a higher standardized mortality ratio in @entity1 than @entity1 , but the difference was not significant.

title: Mortality after XXXX : a two-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fractures']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['femoral neck fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate outcomes at 10 years after randomization for eyes undergoing cryotherapy vs eyes serving as controls, for @entity1 enrolled in the Multicenter Trial of Cryotherapy for @entity989 (CRYO- @entity6109 ). METHODS: The randomized cohort originally consisted of 291 preterm @entity1 with birth weights less than 1251 g who developed a defined threshold of @entity6109 severity in one or both eyes. @entity1 with bilateral threshold @entity6109 (n = 240) were randomly assigned to receive cryotherapy to one eye and no cryotherapy to the other eye. Those with @entity6109 of less severity than threshold in the fellow eye ("asymmetric"; n = 51) were randomly assigned to cryotherapy or no cryotherapy in the eye with threshold @entity6109 . Ten years later, a tester who was masked to treatment status of each eye measured distance and near visual acuity, with "unfavorable" outcome being 20/200 or worse. @entity1 also were evaluated by study-certified ophthalmologists who assessed @entity6109 residua primarily in the posterior pole of the fundus, with unfavorable outcome being a posterior retinal fold or worse. RESULTS: For the 247 @entity1 examined, both functional and structural primary outcomes showed fewer unfavorable outcomes in treated vs control eyes: 44.4% vs 62.1% (P<.001) for distance visual acuity and 27.2% vs 47.9% (P<.001) for fundus status. Near acuity results were similar to those for distance (42.5% vs 61.6%; P<.001). Total @entity1713 had continued to occur in control eyes, increasing from 38.6% at 5(1/2) years to 41.4% at 10 years, while treated eyes remained stable (at 22.0%). A previously disturbing subgroup trend that more control eyes than treated eyes had visual acuity of 20/40 or better (in the 5(1/2)-year report) was no longer present at 10 years; eyes that received cryotherapy were found at least as likely as control eyes to have 20/40 or better visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS: At 10 years, eyes that had received cryotherapy were much less likely than control eyes to be blind. A previous trend for a higher proportion of sighted control eyes than sighted treated eyes to show acuity in the normal range was not confirmed. The results show long-term value from cryotherapy in preserving visual acuity in eyes with threshold @entity6109 .

title: Multicenter Trial of Cryotherapy for XXXX : ophthalmological outcomes at 10 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachments']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['Retinopathy of Prematurity']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['Retinopathy of Prematurity']


abstract: Only a few major studies of @entity511 of the mobile spine have been reported. These studies have shown that @entity511 require complete surgical resection and are notoriously resistant to chemotherapy and radiation. We present 16 cases of @entity511 of the mobile spine diagnosed at a median age of 54.5 (range 20 - 79) years. Diagnosis and treatment studies were based on both CT scans and MRI. Fifteen of our 16 @entity1 had low-grade (grade 1-2) @entity511 . All @entity1 were treated with surgical resection. Fourteen @entity1 had total resection while two @entity1 had subtotal resection. The two @entity1 who had subtotal resection died of their disease. Five of the fourteen @entity1 who had total resection also died. The mean interval to death was 3.6 years. This study confirms that although @entity511 of the spine are low grade, they are dangerous neoplasms. Even with complete resection, they have a high rate of recurrence and @entity3 .

title: XXXX of the spine: a series of 16 cases and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['spinal chondrosarcomas', 'chondrosarcoma', 'chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity511 :: (MESH:D002813,Disease) :: ['Chondrosarcoma']


abstract: @entity1723 (T1D) is an @entity792 characterized by destruction of insulin-producing b-cells in the pancreas. Although several islet cell autoantigens are known, the breadth and spectrum of autoantibody targets has not been fully explored. Here the luciferase immunoprecipitation systems (LIPS) antibody profiling technology was used to study islet and other organ-specific autoantibody responses in parallel. Examination of an initial cohort of 93 controls and 50 T1D subjects revealed that 16% of the @entity6 subjects showed anti-gastric @entity4430 autoantibodies which did not correlate with autoantibodies against GAD65, @entity9217 , or @entity9217 -b. A more detailed study of a second cohort with 18 potential autoantibody targets revealed marked heterogeneity in autoantibody responses against islet cell autoantigens including two polymorphic variants of @entity5920 . A subset of T1D subjects exhibited autoantibodies against several organ-specific targets including gastric @entity4430 (11%), thyroid peroxidase (14%), and anti-IgA autoantibodies against tissue transglutaminase (12%). Although a few T1D subjects showed autoantibodies against a lung-associated protein @entity8915 (6%) and @entity4483 (8%), no statistically significant autoantibodies were detected against several cytokines. Analysis of the overall autoantibody profiles using a heatmap revealed two major subgroups of approximately similar numbers, consisting of T1D subjects with and without organ-specific autoantibodies. Within the organ-specific subgroup, there was minimal overlap among anti-gastric @entity4430 , anti-thyroid peroxidase, and anti-transglutaminase seropositivity, and these autoantibodies did not correlate with islet cell autoantibodies. Examination of a third cohort, comprising prospectively collected longitudinal samples from high-risk individuals, revealed that anti-gastric @entity4430 autoantibodies were present in several individuals prior to detection of islet autoantibodies and before clinical onset of T1D. Taken together, these results suggest that autoantibody portraits derived from islet and organ-specific targets will likely be useful for enhancing the clinical management of T1D.

title: Extrapancreatic autoantibody profiles in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['Type I diabetes']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['type I diabetes']


abstract: We describe herein an epidemiological investigation of the cause of a syndrome of @entity612 ( @entity612 ) in four beef herds in western Canada. Three of the herds were affected with the syndrome in 1987, the fourth was affected in 1990. The prevalence of @entity612 in affected groups of @entity291 varied from 29% (16/55) to 100% (14/14). All affected @entity291 had congenital posterior @entity912 or paresis; some @entity291 also had one or more of the following: shortened limbs, forelimb @entity85 , superior brachygnathia, and a dome-shaped cranium. Affected @entity291 showed focal premature closure of axial and appendicular metaphyseal growth plates. At three of the four farms most of the pregnant @entity291 were affected with @entity1665 with or without @entity111 in January, and 25% of the @entity291 in one herd died during the winter. The investigation indicated that @entity612 was associated with feeding moldy cereal straw to pregnant beef @entity291 during the winter. At all four farms, the cereal straw bales were thoroughly soaked by rain prior to stacking, and obvious mold was present when they were broken open for feeding. Species of both Penicillium and Fusarium were abundant within the bales. The most likely cause of the disease was a fungal @entity37767 , although the mycotoxin responsible was not isolated.

title: XXXX and dam mortality associated with feeding moldy cereal straw.

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['congenital spinal stenosis', 'CSS']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity37767 :: ('MESH:D015651', 'Disease') :: ['mycotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['varus deformities']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity612 :: (MESH:D013130,Disease) :: ['Congenital spinal stenosis']


abstract: AIM: We compared protective effects of a ss-adrenoceptor blocker ( @entity1406 ; Met) and a If current ( @entity15726 ; Iva) in a @entity95 model of @entity583 . METHODS: Experiments were performed on 44 adult New-Zealand-White (NZW) @entity95 . The effects of either @entity1406 or @entity15726 were assessed 15 min after experimental occlusion of a coronary artery (CAO), 28 days after CAO (drug gavage), and in vitro hearts (Langendorff apparatus). The results were compared with sham and placebo hearts. RESULTS: @entity1406 (0.25 mg/kg) slightly reduced heart rate and left ventricular systolic function. @entity15726 (0.25 mg/kg) reduced heart rate significantly (P<0.05) (18% vs control). Both drugs provided advantages over placebo: mortality was significantly (P<0.01)smaller (6/13 @entity1989 animals died, 2/10 Met animals, and 3/11 Iva animals), left ventricular function was better preserved after 28 days (external power; @entity1989 ; Met; Iva=56%; 76%; 74%), and dilatation (BNP) was reduced (P<0.05). In the @entity1989 group, the ST segment was significantly (P<0.05) elevated by 0.35 mV after CAO and exhibited in 50% of the animals Q waves after 28 days, while after @entity15726 or @entity1406 , ST displacement and Q waves had disappeared. The uneconomic myosin isoenzyme V3 predominated in Met hearts and Iva hearts (V3/V1: 63/37% and 62/38%), while it was further increased in @entity1989 hearts (78/21%). External efficiency was lowest in @entity1989 hearts (1.00+/-0.50 a.u.; P<0.05) and was significantly higher both in Met hearts (4.0+/-1.8 a.u.) and in Iva hearts (3.3+/-1.6 a.u.). CONCLUSIONS: Met and Iva seem suited for the treatment of chronic @entity583 .

title: Comparison of a beta-blocker and an If current inhibitor in XXXX with @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol', 'Metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity15726 :: ('MESH:C088408', 'Chemical') :: ['Ivabradine', 'ivabradine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The efficacy, safety, feasibility, and outcome of in situ treatment applied to select proximal @entity1607 was assessed and analyzed with a view to avoiding auxiliary interventions and providing high clearance rates in the shortest possible time. We studied the impact of several clinically important variables, including power index, degree of hydroureteronephrosis (HDUN), stone size, and composition on the efficacy of sequential in situ boosted extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in a select group. The power index requirement for the in situ boosted protocol and the impact of the stone size/composition, degree of HDUN, and clearance rates were also analyzed. METHODS: An in situ (no instrumentation) boosted protocol was applied to 130 primary unimpacted proximal @entity1607 with no prior intervention. A typical session with the Siemens Lithostar Plus comprised 3000 shock waves, in installments of 500, deployed at a power setting of 1 to 4 kV with a gradual stepwise escalation. Sequential boosted additional sessions of ESWL were administered on days 2, 7, and 14, tailored to the degree of @entity1949 , clearance status, and amount of residual stone bulk. Several parameters (shock waves, kilovolts used, fluoroscopy time, number of sessions, stone size, composition, @entity1949 , clearance, and HDUN) were recorded and the results analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The results were excellent in 83.8%, with a mean duration to complete clearance of 11.3 days. In situ ESWL failed in 7.69%, and the auxiliary intervention rate was 10.7%. Pre-ESWL HDUN was present in 78.3%, the mean power index was 184.6/session/case, and the average stone burden was 8.9 mm(2). @entity3835 was the most common stone (56%). Renal colic was the most common side effect observed. The power index, @entity1949 at the first session, and stone size were found to be the most favorable significant variables affecting stone clearance. The degree of HDUN, number of sessions, and stone composition did not significantly impact the clearance rates. CONCLUSIONS: In situ boosted ESWL should be the first-line therapeutic modality in select unimpacted primary proximal ureteral stones.

title: Impact of power index, hydroureteronephrosis, stone size, and composition on the efficacy of in situ boosted ESWL for primary proximal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity1607 :: ('MESH:D014514', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral calculi']

entities_list: @entity3835 :: ('MESH:D002129', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium oxalate monohydrate']

answer: @entity1607 :: (MESH:D014514,Disease) :: ['ureteral calculi']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 have increased prevalence of @entity5419 ( @entity5419 ) and @entity344 ( @entity344 ) following liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to identify related risk factors. METHODS: Chart review of pediatric liver transplant (LT) recipients with de novo @entity5419 and/or @entity344 post-LT and non-allergic controls. RESULTS: We identified 30 (8.5%) @entity1 with @entity5419 and/or @entity344 among 352 pediatric LT recipients. Median age at transplant was 0.9 inter-quartile range (IQR 0.6-2.0) years. @entity5419 developed at a median 1.0 (IQR 0.5-8.2) yr post-LT and manifested with @entity344 (53%) or @entity110 / @entity113 (40%). Commonly avoided foods included milk (60%), egg (57%), and peanut (47%). Of the 15 @entity1 with @entity5419 who underwent endoscopy, 11 had eosinophilic infiltrates in multiple segments of the esophagus alone or in combination with other bowel segments. @entity5419 and @entity344 were linked to transplantation at a younger age (median, 0.9 vs. 5.5 yr), higher frequency of blood @entity1712 , and prior history of @entity2490 and @entity483 . @entity1140 use and @entity1140 serum levels were similar between allergic subjects and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that exposure to @entity1140 alone post-LT is insufficient to initiate de novo @entity56 in LT recipients; rather, younger age and underlying predisposition to @entity66 may play larger roles.

title: De novo food sensitization and XXXX in @entity1 post-liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic disease']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy', 'FA']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease', 'gastrointestinal symptoms', 'EGID']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disease']

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['angioedema']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tacrolimus', 'tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease']


abstract: High rates of @entity281 , especially @entity1764 , have been reported with the use of the @entity299 ( @entity299 ), thereby limiting its usefulness. We have used the @entity299 as a bridge to transplantation with only minor infectious complications and a zero incidence of @entity1764 . Between February 1988 and August 1990, the @entity299 was inserted at Loyola University Medical Center in 19 @entity1 , ages 16 to 64 years (mean, 44 years). Seventeen @entity1 (89%) underwent transplantation within 1 to 34 days (mean, 9.8 days). Of the @entity1 who did not undergo transplantation, one was @entity1620 and the other died of @entity548 diathesis. Early (30-day) @entity204 occurred in two @entity1 (11.7%): acute rejection at 18 days and @entity385 at 14 days. Three late @entity204 (17.6%) occurred: one @entity1 , @entity2803 and @entity10592 at 4 months; one @entity1 , @entity177 at 9 months; and one @entity1 , chronic rejection at 14 months. Minor infectious complications during the @entity299 implantation included @entity55 treated with antibiotics and positive sputum cultures ( @entity526 ; Candida), with no clinical evidence of @entity281 in two @entity1 . No cases of @entity1764 occurred either while the @entity299 was implanted or after transplantation. All @entity1 were on antibiotics while the device was in place. CONCLUSION: Our experience with the @entity299 shows this to be an excellent device for successful bridging of @entity1 for heart transplantation. We have had minimal infectious complications and none directly attributed to the use of this device. This device should continue to be used safely as a bridge to transplantation.

title: Successful use of the XXXX as a bridge to transplantation with no @entity1764 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus']

entities_list: @entity10592 :: ('MESH:D011020', 'Disease') :: ['pneumocystis pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Enterobacter pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopneumonia and multisystem failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1620 :: ('MESH:D001926', 'Disease') :: ['brain dead']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['TAH', 'total artificial heart']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['multiple cerebral infarcts']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['total artificial heart']


abstract: Two unlinked autosomal loci are assumed to affect the ability to hear in such a way that homozygosity for the recessive allele at either locus causes @entity2319 . The five deaf genotypes are subject to the same negative selection due to a lower likelihood of marriage, but unmarried deaf @entity1 remain socially active and participate in the cultural transmission of sign languages. Marriages are assortative for @entity2319 or for hearing, and mutation occurs irreversibly from the dominant to recessive allele at each locus at the same rate. At mutation-selection balance, the fully polymorphic equilibrium is symmetrical. Based on this genetic model, we consider the relative importance of various forms of cultural transmission as they affect the persistence of sign languages. Horizontal transmission is shown to be effective when deaf @entity1 are able to interact with many peers. This observation is especially pertinent if assortative meeting of deaf @entity1 occurs, for example, at schools for the deaf. Oblique transmission can also be effective, but the literature suggests that this kind of transmission plays only a minor role. It is necessary, however, that some form of cultural transmission occur between generations. Thus, vertical transmission is a critical factor, despite the fact that parent- @entity1 transmission is often interrupted due to the recessive inheritance of @entity2319 . In particular, the contribution of vertical transmission is enhanced by assortative mating for @entity2319 .

title: Cultural transmission of a sign language when XXXX is caused by recessive alleles at two independent loci.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'persons', 'children']

answer: @entity2319 :: (MESH:D003638,Disease) :: ['deafness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) is a condition resulting from @entity299 that reduces the ability of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood. The impaired ventricular function can be attributed to unfavorable ventricular remodeling. Among the pathways that contribute to remodeling process, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) appear to be of particular interest. We explored the association of @entity1476 ( @entity37056 , @entity37057 ), @entity1917 ( @entity25456 , @entity37058 ) and @entity1495 ( @entity29118 , @entity37059 ), ( @entity37060 , @entity37061 ), ( @entity37062 , @entity37063 ) genetic variants with @entity1002 in @entity453 ( @entity453 ) @entity1 . METHODS: The study included 310 consecutive @entity1 with angiographically confirmed @entity453 and 230 healthy controls. Among @entity1 with @entity453 , 95 with reduced left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF  <= 45) were categorized as @entity1002 . Polymorphisms were determined by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS: The @entity1495 @entity37062 genetic variant was significantly associated with @entity1002 (LVEF  <= 45) (p value=0.009; OR=3.82). To validate our results, we performed a replication study in additional 200 cases with similar clinical characteristics and results again confirmed consistent findings (p value=0.033; OR=3.59). Also the frequency of haplotype R,P,Q comprising @entity37062 variation in @entity1495 was significantly higher in reduced LVEF subjects (p value=0.008; OR=1.83). CONCLUSION: @entity1495 @entity37062 plays important role in conferring susceptibility of @entity1002 .

title: Association of matrix metalloproteinases ( @entity1476 , @entity1917 and @entity1495 ) genetic variants with left ventricular dysfunction in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVD', 'Left ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['clustered structural or functional cardiac disorder']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Intrathecal drug delivery is a mode of analgesic delivery that can be considered in those experiencing both refractory @entity158 and excessive side effects from opioid and adjuvant analgesic use. Delivery of analgesic agents directly to the cerebral spinal fluid allows binding of the drug to receptors at the spinal level. Therefore, a reduced analgesic dosage can be afforded, resulting in reduction of @entity137 due to decreased systemic absorption. Drug delivery into the intrathecal space provides this benefit, yet it does not eliminate the possibility of @entity137 or risks of complications. Complications from this route of administration may be seen in the perioperative period or beyond, including @entity281 , inflammatory mass, @entity548 , and catheter or pump dysfunction, among others. This may manifest as new/worsening @entity158 or as a @entity51 , such as a sensorimotor change and @entity1494 . Urgent evaluation with a detailed physical examination, device interrogation, and other workup including imaging is called for if symptoms suspicious for device-related problems arise. For the @entity5 @entity1 , the underlying @entity5 should also be considered as a potential cause for these new symptoms after intrathecal system implantation. We present 2 such cases of complications in the @entity5 @entity1 after intrathecal drug delivery due to progression of the underlying malignant process rather than to surgical or device-related problems. The first @entity1 had a history of @entity3 who, shortly after undergoing an intrathecal drug delivery trial with external pump, presented with new symptoms of both @entity158 and neurologic changes. The second @entity1 with a history of @entity511 developed new symptoms of @entity158 and sensorimotor change several days after intrathecal drug delivery system implantation.

title: Complications after intrathecal drug delivery due to the underlying @entity5 in two @entity1 with intractable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug side effects']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder/bowel dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer pain']


abstract: Evaluation of: Kawaguchi S, Tsukahara T, Ida K et al. @entity22880 - @entity36738 breakpoint peptide vaccines in @entity1 with @entity1352 : a study from the Japanese Musculoskeletal Oncology Group. @entity5 Sci. 103(9), 1625-1630 (2012). The identification of genetic translocations as key @entity5 -initiating events has led to the development of novel antigen-specific vaccines targeting these @entity5 -specific breakpoint regions. Previous studies have evaluated vaccines targeting the breakpoints in the @entity1861 translocation in @entity1 with @entity1860 and EWS- @entity21468 in @entity1 with @entity2828 . In the article under evaluation, the authors evaluated a peptide vaccine targeting the breakpoint in the @entity22880 - @entity36738 translocation, the genetic translocation essentially pathognomonic for @entity1352 . This is the second small clinical trial reported by this group using HLA-A24-binding peptides as vaccine antigens. In this four-arm trial, using a native or HLA-A24-optimized @entity22880 - @entity36738 peptide with or without adjuvant plus @entity686 , they immunized @entity1 with metastatic @entity1352 . Immune responses were evaluated by @entity56 testing and tetramer analysis. No robust evidence of immune response to the target epitope was detected. Some @entity1 treated with peptide in adjuvant plus @entity686 had stable disease. These results suggest that future similar studies might best evaluate @entity1 with a lower @entity66 , consider alternative immunization approaches to the @entity22880 - @entity36738 target antigen and consider the efficacy of @entity686 alone for the treatment of @entity1352 .

title: Vaccination using peptides spanning the XXXX - @entity36738 @entity5 -specific translocation.

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['Ewing sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['burden of disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['delayed-type hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity22880 :: (6857,Gene) :: ['SYT']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Warts are a common dermatologic problem. Treatment is painful, prolonged, and can cause @entity2318 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate topical @entity1947 for the treatment of warts. METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind controlled trial of 44 @entity1 . Twenty-two @entity1 were given topical @entity1947 20% ointment, and the other 22 received @entity3785 15% + @entity880 15% ointment twice daily. All @entity1 were followed up for 3 months or until cure, whichever occurred first. All @entity1 were observed for side-effects. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 in the @entity219 group and 19 in the @entity3785 - @entity880 group completed the study. In the @entity1947 -treated group, 50% of the @entity1 showed complete cure and 18.7% failed to respond, compared with 42% and 26%, respectively, in the @entity3785 - @entity880 -treated group. No @entity1 developed serious side-effects. CONCLUSION: Topical @entity1947 is an efficacious, painless, and safe therapeutic option for wart treatment.

title: Topical XXXX vs. @entity3785 - @entity880 combination in the treatment of warts.

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1947 :: ('MESH:D015034', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc oxide']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

answer: @entity1947 :: (MESH:D015034,Chemical) :: ['zinc oxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: This multicenter, open-label, phase I/II dose escalation study assessed the safety/tolerability and initial efficacy of @entity4447 / @entity1749 / @entity620 (ABC) combination therapy in @entity1 with relapsed/refractory multiple @entity1582 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Enrolled in six cohorts, @entity1 were given @entity4447 (0.125 or 0.250 mg/kg), @entity1749 (0.7, 1.0, or 1.3 mg/m(2)), and a fixed dose of @entity620 (1 g) i.v. on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle for a maximum of eight cycles. The primary end point was safety/tolerability of the ABC regimen. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 (median age, 63 years) were enrolled, having failed a median of 4 (range, 3-9) prior therapies. One occurrence of grade 4 @entity882 was observed. One @entity1 had asymptomatic @entity943 and withdrew from the study. Objective responses were observed in 6 (27%) @entity1 , including two partial responses and four minor responses. Median progression-free survival was 5 months (95% confidence interval, 2-9 months), and median overall survival had not been reached. The 12-month progression-free survival and overall survival rates were 34% and 74%, respectively. One (minor response) of six @entity1 receiving the lowest dose of @entity1749 (0.7 mg/m(2)) and 5 (2 partial responses and 3 minor responses) of 16 @entity1 receiving the higher doses (1.0 or 1.3 mg/m(2)) responded. CONCLUSIONS: The ABC regimen was well tolerated by most @entity1 , and it produced preliminary signs of efficacy with an objective response rate of 27% in this heavily pretreated study population. These findings warrant further clinical evaluation of the ABC combination for treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple @entity1582 .

title: A phase I/II study of @entity4447 / @entity1749 / @entity620 combination therapy for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']