abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Decreasing of arterial flow below the critical level leads to capillary endothelium @entity4 and to further worsening of tissue perfusion. @entity4372 solution infusion provides mild and short plasma osmolality increasing, while colloidal solutions intensify that effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of @entity4372 ( @entity4372 ) on the organs perfusion during reconstructive surgical procedure on the abdominal aorta (AA). METHODS: The study included 40 @entity1 submitted to AA reconstruction due to @entity439 or @entity8328 . A clamp was put transversally to the aorta, under the outlets of the @entity8 . According to the solution received when a clamp was on the aorta, the @entity1 were divided into two groups containing 20 @entity1 each: the tested group (A) which received 4 ml/kg of the solution (7.2% @entity1219 /10% dextran), and the control group (B) which received 0.9% @entity1219 . The study excluded the @entity1 with the preoperative @entity1011 level more than 139 micromol/l, and ejection heart fraction less than 40%. RESULTS: The mixed venous blood @entity26 saturation increased from 73.3+/-7.33 to 74.95+/-6.19% in the group A, while it decreased from 65.35+/-10.39 to 62.65+/-10.42% in the group B (p = 0.001). The quantity of the provided @entity26 in the group A increased significantly from 684.44+/-244.34 to 1362.45+/-2351.01 ml/min, while it decreased from 668.2+/-382.12 to 651.7+/-313.98 ml/min in the group B (p = 0.016). Alveolo-arterial difference in @entity26 decreased from 23.12+/-14.74 to 21.1+/-10 mmHg in the group A, while it increased from 23.79+/-15.22 to 26.33+/-13.78 mmHg in the group B (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: Satisfactory perfusion of organs during the AA surgery is obtained by using both @entity4372 and an isotonic solution. Due to maintaining the optimal values of the minute heart volume, saturation of vein blood blended with @entity26 , and al-veolo-arterial difference in @entity26 , it is recommended to use @entity4372 solution for reanimation of @entity1 in declamping shock.

title: [Effect of XXXX infusion on tissue perfusion during surgical treatment of the abdominal aorta].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal arterias']

entities_list: @entity8328 :: ('MESH:D007925', 'Disease') :: ["Leriche's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic-hyperoncotic solution', 'HH', 'Hypertonic']

answer: @entity4372 :: (MESH:D009122,Disease) :: ['hypertonic-hyperoncotic solution']


abstract: DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation (IR) activates @entity899 , leading to the regulation of downstream pathways that control cell-cycle progression and apoptosis. However, the mechanisms for the IR-induced @entity899 activation and the differential activation of pathways downstream of @entity899 are unclear. Here we provide evidence that the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase ( @entity31796 ) serves as an upstream effector for @entity899 activation in response to IR, linking DNA damage to apoptosis. @entity31796 knockout ( @entity31796 -/-) @entity19 were exposed to whole-body IR, and the cell-cycle and apoptotic responses were examined in their thymuses. Our data show that IR induction of apoptosis and @entity1380 expression, both mediated via @entity899 , was significantly suppressed in the thymocytes of @entity31796 -/- @entity19 . In contrast, IR-induced cell-cycle arrest and @entity5207 expression were normal. Thus, @entity31796 deficiency selectively disrupts @entity899 -dependent apoptosis but not cell-cycle arrest. We also confirmed previous findings that @entity5207 induction was attenuated and cell-cycle arrest was defective in the thymoctyes of whole body-irradiated @entity2155 -/- @entity19 , but the apoptotic response was unperturbed. Taken together, our results support a model in which the upstream effectors @entity31796 and @entity2155 selectively activate @entity899 to differentially regulate cell-cycle and apoptotic responses. Whereas @entity2155 selects for cell-cycle arrest but not apoptosis, @entity31796 selects for apoptosis but not cell-cycle arrest.

title: The catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase selectively regulates XXXX -dependent apoptosis but not cell-cycle arrest.

answer: @entity899 :: (22060(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity354 is thought to cause @entity102 through @entity8823 . Response of @entity7552 to treatment with acid-suppressive therapy supports this causal link. AIM: To determine the prevalence of @entity354 in @entity1 with @entity102 and response to proton-pump inhibitor therapy. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity102 were recruited. The frequency and severity of reflux and laryngeal symptoms were scored and @entity7552 graded by laryngoscopy. All @entity1 underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and 24-h ambulatory pH monitoring before receiving @entity10042 30 mg b.d. for 8 weeks. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity354 was 65.6% (21 of 32). Based on positive pH test, the prevalence was 25% (eight of 32). The change in laryngeal symptom score and @entity7552 grade was significantly higher in @entity354 compared with non- @entity354 @entity1 (P = 0.010 for both). The proportion of @entity1 with marked/moderate improvement in laryngeal symptoms were significantly higher in @entity1 with reflux (14 of 21, 67%) compared to those without reflux (two of 11, 18%; P = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity354 amongst our @entity1 with @entity102 was high. The response to treatment with proton-pump inhibitors in @entity1 with @entity354 compared to those without underlined the critical role of acid reflux in a subset of @entity1 with @entity102 .

title: @entity354 in XXXX : prevalence and response to acid-suppressive therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7552 :: ('MESH:D007827', 'Disease') :: ['laryngitis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic laryngitis']

entities_list: @entity10042 :: ('MESH:C058687', 'Chemical') :: ['lansoprazole']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['reflux disease', 'GERD', 'gastro-oesophageal reflux disease', 'Gastro-oesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity8823 :: ('MESH:D057045', 'Disease') :: ['laryngopharyngeal reflux']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic laryngitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Deaths in @entity1 associated with outpatient general dental anaesthesia may be attributable to sudden @entity65 precipitated by @entity943 . A causal link between @entity1508 anaesthesia, @entity943 , and @entity204 has been suggested. We did a prospective, randomised trial to investigate the frequency and character of @entity943 during anaesthesia with @entity1508 and the alternative anaesthetic agent, @entity2614 . METHODS: 150 @entity1 , aged 3-15 years, who needed dental extraction under general anaesthesia were randomly assigned @entity2614 or @entity1508 supplementation of 66% @entity3810 in @entity26 with spontaneous ventilation. The @entity1508 group (n=50) received @entity1508 introduced in 0.75% increments, every two to three breaths, to a maximum of 3.0%, with maintenance at 1.5%. The incremental @entity2614 group (n=50) received @entity2614 introduced in 2% increments increased to a maximum of 8%, with maintenance at 4%. The 8% @entity2614 group (n=50) received @entity2614 introduced at 8%, with maintenance at 4%. FINDINGS: 24 (48%) @entity1 receiving @entity1508 had @entity943 compared with four (8%) receiving incremental @entity2614 (difference 40% [95% Ci for differences 24-56] p<0.0001), and eight (16%) receiving 8% @entity2614 (difference 32% [15-50] p=0.0013). @entity1508 -associated @entity943 occurred during dental extraction or emergence and were mainly ventricular. Six (12%) @entity1 in the @entity1508 group had @entity1165 . The methods of @entity2614 administration did not differ significantly for the frequency of @entity943 (p=0.357). @entity2614 -associated @entity943 were mainly single supraventricular ectopic beats. INTERPRETATION: There was a strong association between @entity1508 and @entity943 , especially @entity1165 . The use of @entity2614 in preference to @entity1508 could contribute to a decline in morbidity and mortality associated with dental anaesthesia.

title: XXXX in @entity1 during outpatient general anaesthesia for dentistry: a prospective randomised trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['Halothane', 'halothane']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular collapse']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane', 'Sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Cardiac arrhythmias']


abstract: @entity513 in situ (DCIS) lesions are non-invasive @entity5 of the breast that are thought to precede most invasive @entity0 (IBCs). As individual @entity3821 are initiated, grow and invade (i.e. become IBC), the size distribution of the @entity3821 present in a given @entity1 population will evolve. We derive a differential equation governing this evolution and show, for given assumptions about growth and invasion, that there is a unique distribution which does not vary with time. Further, we show that any initial distribution converges to this stationary distribution exponentially quickly. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the stationary distribution governs the size of @entity3821 in @entity1 populations which are relatively stable with respect to the determinants of @entity0 . Based on this assumption and the size data of 110 @entity3821 detected in a mammographic screening programme between 1993 and 2000, we produce maximum likelihood estimates for certain growth and invasion parameters. Assuming that DCIS size is proportional to a positive power p of the time since @entity5 initiation, we estimate p to be 0.50 with a 95% confidence interval of (0.35, 0.71). Therefore, we estimate that @entity3821 follow a square-root growth law and hence that they grow rapidly when small and relatively slowly when large. Our approach and results should be useful for other mathematical studies of @entity5 , especially those investigating biological mechanisms of invasion.

title: The time-evolution of DCIS size distributions with applications to XXXX growth and progression.

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['DCIS lesions']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['Ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Technological advances have resulted in @entity532 reported during @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) trials. Because trial experience lags behind technological advances, an understanding of the incidence of @entity532 after @entity2998 remains in flux. OBJECTIVE: In this single-arm, observational study, a contemporary experience of @entity2998 at a high-volume academic training center for neuroendovascular surgeons was reviewed to assess perioperative morbidity. METHODS: A prospectively maintained database of all neuroendovascular procedures was queried for all @entity2998 procedures performed for stenotic @entity731 between 2009 and 2011. Each case was assessed for major perioperative (30 day) adverse events, including new acute @entity385 , postoperative symptomatic @entity932 , @entity583 ( @entity583 ), and mortality. RESULTS: A total of 474 @entity1 were identified. Perioperative adverse events were noted in 13 @entity1 (2.7%). These included 4 @entity63 strokes, 4 @entity932 , 3 MIs, and 5 deaths. Most perioperative events occurred in symptomatic @entity1 (10 of 239 symptomatic @entity1 with events, 4.2% event incidence), whereas these events occurred rarely in asymptomatic @entity1 (3 of 235 asymptomatic @entity1 with events, 1.3% event incidence). CONCLUSION: In this retrospective analysis of consecutive @entity1 treated with @entity2998 , the perioperative incidence of @entity64 (0.9%), @entity583 (0.6%), and @entity204 (1.1%) was favorable.

title: Perioperative complications after XXXX : a contemporary experience from the university at buffalo neuroendovascular surgery team.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhages', 'intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['diminishing perioperative complications', 'perioperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenting', 'CAS']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity2998 :: (MESH:D002340,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stenting']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Variable expression of the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) has limited gene transfer efficacy to many types of @entity5 . Consequently, tropism-modified adenoviruses have been developed for enhanced infectivity. To the authors' knowledge, targeting approaches for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) have not been comprehensively evaluated. The current hypothesis was that modified adenoviruses could be used for increasing gene transfer to and killing of @entity1149 cells in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: Ten @entity1149 cell lines were analyzed to represent the different @entity1149 histologies. Because clinical @entity5 may differ from established cell lines, 6 clinical specimens fresh from @entity1 were analyzed. For in vivo studies, a novel orthotopic @entity19 model of @entity2 was developed. Because @entity5 response is difficult to quantitate in orthotopic models, noninvasive imaging of green fluorescent protein (GFP) was utilized as a surrogate for @entity5 size measurements. RESULTS: Adenoviruses whose capsids were modified with RGD-4C, the serotype 3 knob, or @entity7055 displayed increased gene transfer to @entity1149 cell lines and clinical samples in comparison to serotype 5 viruses. Conditionally replicating oncolytic adenoviruses (CRAds) with the same modifications showed enhanced therapeutic efficiency in vitro and in vivo. The median survival of @entity19 treated with Ad5.pK7- @entity39125 or Ad5-Delta24RGD increased 37% (P<.01). GFP imaging allowed noninvasive individualized detection of response and recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Targeting of adenovirus to heterologous receptors can improve killing of @entity1149 cells. Utilization of clinical samples and an orthotopic model of @entity2 may provide clinically relevant translational data.

title: Noninvasive imaging for evaluation of the systemic delivery of capsid-modified adenoviruses in an orthotopic model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'nonsmall cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['advanced lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity7055 :: ('MESH:D011107', 'Chemical') :: ['polylysine']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['advanced lung cancer']


abstract: Unlike the @entity291 pancreatic ribonuclease (RNAase A), @entity291 seminal ribonuclease (BS RNAase) displays various biological activities including antitumor @entity137 . To learn more about its antitumor activity, we investigated BS RNAase effect on athymic @entity19 bearing various @entity5 . BS RNAase (250 micrograms per @entity19 per day) was administered to the @entity19 with @entity263 for three weeks by three different routes (intraperitoneally--i.p., subcutaneously--s.c., and intratumorally-i.t.). Administration i.p. was ineffective, while s.c. administration reduced significantly size of @entity5 and i.t. administration abolished half of the @entity5 in treated @entity19 . The i.t. administration of BS RNase to @entity19 bearing @entity320 showed even better results. Eighty % of @entity19 were without @entity5 and in the other @entity19 the @entity5 were significantly diminished. The best antitumor effect was obtained in case of @entity4797 . All @entity19 bearing this @entity5 were cured after ten doses of BS RNAase.

title: Antitumor action of XXXX seminal ribonuclease.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Research suggests a relationship between caring for a @entity1 with @entity5 and @entity458 in caregivers. Less evident is the role which financial difficulties might play in this relationship. We sought to determine if caring for a @entity1 with @entity5 was related to clinically relevant @entity308 among parents, whether or not financial difficulties mediated this relationship, and if financial difficulties were independently associated with symptoms of @entity308 among parents of @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: Data are from 215 parents of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5 or @entity1313 (n   =   75) and a comparison group of parents of healthy @entity1 (n   =   140). Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the factors associated with reporting clinically relevant @entity308 . RESULTS: Caring for a @entity1 with @entity5 was associated with increased odds of clinically relevant @entity308 in parents (OR = 4.93; 95  % CI 1.97-12.30), controlling for covariates. The mediating effect of financial burden on this relationship was not statistically significant. However, among parents of @entity1 with @entity5 , negative financial life events increased the likelihood of reporting symptoms of @entity308 (OR = 4.89; 95  % CI 1.26-18.96). CONCLUSIONS: Caring for a @entity1 with @entity5 was associated with @entity308 for parents. Financial difficulties were the strongest correlate of these symptoms among parents of @entity1 with @entity5 . Our results suggest that it may not only be the burden of caring for the @entity1 with @entity5 but also the associated financial difficulties that contribute to a higher likelihood of @entity308 in parents.

title: Parental @entity308 and XXXX : the importance of financial difficulties.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['childhood cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the effect of reirradiation in recurrent WHO @entity816 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From January 1995 to July 2003, 40 @entity1 with @entity11 were treated with fractionated stereotactic reirradiation at the time point of recurrence. Median size of planning target volume for reirradiation was 56.2 ml (range 25.1-296.2 ml). A median target total dose of 36 Gy (range 20-57.6 Gy) was applied using a median fractionation of 5 x 2 Gy/week with a 6-MeV linear accelerator. RESULTS: Radiotherapy was well tolerated by all @entity1 . No toxicities > CTC grade 2 developed. Median overall survival calculated from the time point of primary diagnosis was 48 months (range 7-180 months). The 5- and 10-year overall survival rates were 49.5% and 24.7%, respectively. From the time point of reirradiation, median survival was 16 months (range 1-98 months). Median progression-free survival from the time point of reirradiation was 8 months (range 1-72 months). No prognosticators for survival or progression-free survival after reirradiation could be identified. CONCLUSION: Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy is well tolerated and effective in @entity1 with recurrent @entity816 .

title: Reirradiation of recurrent WHO XXXX using fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['grade III gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['grade III astrocytomas']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['grade III astrocytomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between multiple umbilical cord blood proteins and severity of @entity2806 as defined by continuous multichannel electroencephalography. DESIGN: A prospective case-control cohort study, which was divided into separate exploratory and validation cohorts. SETTING: A single tertiary neonatal intensive care facility. @entity1 : The study recruited full-term @entity1 with perinatal @entity1763 and controls. Identical procedures were used to recruit a representative exploratory sample (n = 30) and a subsequent validation cohort (n = 100). INTERVENTION: All had umbilical cord blood drawn and biobanked at delivery, continuous multichannel electroencephalography commenced in the first 24 hours, and a modified Sarnat score assigned. Analysis of 37 potential cord blood protein markers of @entity2806 was performed using Luminex multiplex assays. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Cord blood from 130 @entity1 was analyzed. @entity17090 and @entity650 significantly differentiated between a moderate-severely abnormal and normal-mildly abnormal electroencephalography background in both exploratory (p = 0.005 and p = 0.016, respectively) and validation cohorts (p = 0.039 and p = 0.024, respectively). To develop a predictive model for a moderate-severely abnormal electroencephalography, stepwise regression analysis was used to combine these analytes with current standard clinical markers of @entity1763 (pH, base deficit, and 10-min Apgar). Only Apgar score and @entity17090 remained in the model, which was highly predictive of an abnormal electroencephalography (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.956, p < 0.001, positive predictive value = 89%, and negative predictive value = 94%). CONCLUSIONS: Cord blood @entity650 and @entity17090 were associated with electrographic grade of @entity2806 . To predict an abnormal electroencephalography, @entity17090 and 10-minute Apgar used in combination performed better than current markers.

title: Cord blood proteins and multichannel-electroencephalography in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy']


abstract: CONTEXT: Radiotherapy techniques have improved over years but have also raised concerns over subsequent acute and late effects. One such complication, @entity1282 , has led to much interest and optimization in treatment delivery. AIMS: The aim of this study was to compare radiation dose to @entity1282 aspiration related structures (DARS) in intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT), and assess its relation to post-treatment swallowing status, in @entity1 of @entity189 of the anterior two thirds of tongue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Treatment plans of @entity1 treated with IMRT and 3DCRT, from November 2011 to December 2012, were retrieved. Swallowing structures were contoured. Dose volume histograms were generated. Constraint doses were considered based on the statistical derivations. Swallowing status was evaluated based on University of Washington Head- and Neck-related Quality-of-Life questions addressing swallowing. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: IBM SPSS Statistics 20 Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used. Mann-Whitney U-test, Spearman's rho correlation coefficient, and receiver operating curves were used. RESULTS: Definitive statistical and subjective correlations were found to exist between doses of swallowing structures, especially the constrictor muscles, the base of the tongue and larynx. Probable mean dose constraints derived statistically clinically corroborates with the swallowing status of @entity1 . IMRT had statistically significant advantage over 3DCRT, in terms of V30 (P - 0.051), V50 (P - 0.002), V60 (P - 0.002), and D80 (P - 0.023) for swallowing structures taken together. CONCLUSION: Our study is probably one of the few studies predicting possible mean dose constraints for superior constrictor, the base of the tongue and larynx. Further prospective studies are required to confirm these and to improve the swallowing quality.

title: Radiation dose to XXXX aspiration-related structures and its effect on swallowing: Comparison of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy plans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['dysphagia']


abstract: @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) represents a significant burden in ageing @entity1 due to frequently associated lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), which may impair their quality of life. Some @entity1 will have progressive disease, mainly characterized by symptom deterioration of > or = 4 points on the International Prostate Symptom Score, but also by the occurrence of acute urinary retention (AUR) and @entity1067 -related surgery. Identifying those at risk of unfavourable outcomes is important to optimize their management. Community-based longitudinal studies provide excellent data on the natural history of @entity1067 . Baseline variables such as age, severe LUTS, low peak flow rate, high postvoid residual urine volume (PVR), enlarged prostate and high serum @entity1486 levels, have been identified as risk factors for AUR and @entity1067 -related surgery in such studies. Placebo arms of controlled studies have more limited value for assessing the natural history, due to strong selection criteria which generate a regression to the mean artefact and narrow the applicability to the general population. Nevertheless, in these controlled studies, baseline serum @entity1486 level and to a lesser extent prostate size consistently predicted the risk of AUR and @entity1067 -related surgery. Conversely, quantitative variables such as baseline symptom severity and peak flow rate behaved paradoxically, probably as a consequence of strict inclusion criteria, resulting regression to the mean, and 'ceiling' effects. Results from the Medical Therapy of Prostatic Symptoms study and the Alfuzosin Long-Term Efficacy and Safety Study also suggest that using the PVR in clinical practice needs to be reconsidered as a predictor of @entity1067 progression. Further research is needed to clarify the role of chronic @entity32 in the process of @entity1067 progression.

title: Definition of at-risk XXXX : baseline variables.

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['Benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: To elucidate the role of modifiable factors and the @entity2204 polymorphism in explaining lipid profiles reflecting low, average and high risk for @entity301 , we selected subjects from a large population-based study. Subjects with low total @entity165 (TC) (< 15th percentile) and high HDL- @entity165 levels (> 85th percentile) were randomly selected (n = 99) and represent subjects with a low risk lipid profile. Additionally, 95 subjects with total and HDL- @entity165 levels in the 15% around the population-median (median risk lipid profile) and 100 subjects with high TC (> 85th percentile) and low HDL- @entity165 levels (< 15th percentile) (high risk lipid profile) were selected. Compared with E3/3 subjects, the likelihood for a low risk lipid profile was considerably higher (odds ratio 14.3; 2.6-79) in female, but not in male E2-carriers (1.5; 0.3-6.7). Smoking and @entity167 consumption were independently associated with a low risk lipid profile in both genders, physical inactivity only in @entity1 . The odds ratio for a high risk lipid profile was elevated in male E4-carriers (4.9; 1.1-23) only. In addition to the E4 isoform, smoking and physical inactivity, overweight was the main determinant for a high risk lipid profile (odds ratio 16.8; 3.4-82). Male overweight E4-carriers had a 50 times higher likelihood of a high risk lipid profile than E3/3 @entity1 of normal weight. In @entity1 , only overweight was independently associated with a high risk lipid profile. Our results suggest that both modifiable factors and the @entity2204 polymorphism contribute to a lipid profile, reflecting low, average and high risk for @entity301 , but effects may be gender-specific.

title: Lipid profiles reflecting high and low risk for @entity301 : contribution of XXXX polymorphism and lifestyle.

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein E']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A striking characteristic of the past four @entity683 pandemic outbreaks in the United States has been the multiple waves of @entity281 . However, the mechanisms responsible for the multiple waves of @entity683 or other @entity697 are uncertain. Understanding these mechanisms could provide knowledge for health authorities to develop and implement prevention and control strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We exhibit five distinct mechanisms, each of which can generate two waves of @entity281 for an @entity697 . The first two mechanisms capture changes in virus transmissibility and behavioral changes. The third mechanism involves population heterogeneity (e.g., demography, geography), where each wave spreads through one sub-population. The fourth mechanism is virus mutation which causes delayed susceptibility of individuals. The fifth mechanism is waning immunity. Each mechanism is incorporated into separate mathematical models, and outbreaks are then simulated. We use the models to examine the effects of the initial number of infected individuals (e.g., border control at the beginning of the outbreak) and the timing of and amount of available vaccinations. RESULTS: Four models, individually or in any combination, reproduce the two waves of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in the United States, both qualitatively and quantitatively. One model reproduces the two waves only qualitatively. All models indicate that significantly reducing or delaying the initial numbers of infected individuals would have little impact on the attack rate. Instead, this reduction or delay results in a single wave as opposed to two waves. Furthermore, four of these models also indicate that a vaccination program started earlier than October 2009 (when the H1N1 vaccine was initially distributed) could have eliminated the second wave of @entity281 , while more vaccine available @entity1021 in October would not have eliminated the second wave.

title: A perspective on multiple waves of XXXX pandemics.

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infectious diseases', 'acute infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity0 is the most common cause of @entity5 -related @entity204 in @entity1 both worldwide and in Malaysia. Azadirachta indica (A. Juss), commonly known as neem, is one of the most versatile medicinal plants that has gained worldwide prominence due to its medicinal properties. However, the anticancer effect of ethanolic neem leaf extract against @entity0 has not been documented. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of neem leaf extract on c-Myc oncogene expression in 4T1 @entity0 BALB/c @entity19 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experimental study, A total of 48 female BALB/c @entity19 were divided randomly into four groups of 12 @entity19 per group: i. @entity5 control (CC) treated with 0.5% @entity9266 in PBS, ii. 0.5   g/mL @entity440 (CT), iii. 250 mg/kg neem leaf extract (C250), and iv. 500 mg/kg neem leaf extract (C500). in situ reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (in situ RT-PCR) was applied to evaluate suppression of c-Myc oncogene expression in @entity0 tissue. RESULTS: The C500 group showed significant (p<0.05) suppression of c-Myc oncogene expression compared to the CC group. CONCLUSION: c-Myc was found to be down regulated under the effect of 500 mg/kg ethanolic neem leaf extract.

title: Effect of Neem Leaf Extract (Azadirachta indica) on c-Myc Oncogene Expression in 4T1 Breast Cancer Cells of BALB/c XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen citrate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: Previous studies suggest that the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may have dual effects on @entity75 induced by @entity519 - @entity63 (HI) in 7-d-old @entity35 , depending on the exposure paradigm. Although a 4-h interval between LPS administration and HI results in sensitization to HI @entity1545 , tolerance is observed when LPS is administered 24 h before HI. Our hypothesis is that endogenous @entity288 are important in acquiring tolerance to HI. Neonatal @entity35 received a single injection of LPS (1.0 mg/kg) either 4 h or 24 h before HI, or two LPS injections (4 h and 24 h) before HI. Increased @entity1545 was seen in animals subjected to a single LPS injection made 4 h before HI. In contrast, both the single 24-h exposure and the double injections of LPS resulted in tolerance to HI @entity75 . To study the effects of @entity288 on HI tolerance, @entity3927 , a glucocorticoid receptor blocker, was subcutaneously injected at the same time as LPS (1.0 mg/kg), 24 h before HI stress. @entity3927 -LPS treatment counteracted the LPS-induced tolerance effect, and aggravated the HI-induced @entity1545 compared with the vehicle-LPS-treated group. @entity3927 did not aggravate the HI-induced @entity1545 produced 24 h later in saline-injected animals. LPS (1.0 mg/kg) injected into 6-d-old @entity35 transiently up-regulated serum @entity2819 levels (119.6, 57.9, 56.8, and 28.3 ng/mL at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after the LPS injection, respectively). We conclude that endotoxin-induced up-regulation of endogenous @entity2819 appears to be critical for acquiring endotoxin-induced HI tolerance.

title: Endotoxin-induced XXXX -ischemic tolerance is mediated by up-regulation of @entity2819 in neonatal @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3B is a key enzyme involved in the anti-lipolytic action of insulin in adipocytes. @entity45044 activation results in a reduced output of free @entity1718 (FFA), whereas elevated serum FFA is known to cause insulin resistance. We have recently reported that reduced @entity45044 gene expression is restored by treatment with @entity12098 , in the adipose tissues of @entity28 , insulin-resistant @entity6 KKAy @entity19 . To determine whether the altered @entity45044 gene expression is specific for adipocytes, the expression of this gene in liver and epididymal fat tissues of KKAy @entity19 was examined. The effect of @entity49093 , another peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma ligand, which is different from @entity12585 , was also examined. METHODS: @entity45044 mRNA and protein were quantified by an RNase protection assay and Western blotting respectively. Membrane-bound PDE activities were also measured. RESULTS: In adipose tissues of KKAy @entity19 , @entity45044 mRNA, protein and membrane-bound PDE activity were reduced to 47%, 57% and 51% respectively relative to those in C57BL/6J control @entity19 . @entity49093 increased @entity45044 mRNA, protein and membrane-bound PDE activity by 2.2-, 1.6- and 1.7-fold respectively over those of untreated KKAy @entity19 . In the liver, @entity45044 gene expression remained unchanged in KKAy @entity19 , and was not affected by @entity49093 . @entity49093 reduced the elevated levels of serum insulin, @entity413 , FFA and @entity412 in KKAy @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity45044 gene expression was specifically reduced in the adipose tissues of KKAy @entity19 . @entity49093 restored this reduced gene expression with an accompanying improvement in elevated serum FFA and insulin resistance.

title: Adipocyte-specific reduction of phosphodiesterase 3B gene expression and its restoration by @entity49093 in the @entity28 , @entity6 KKAy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity12585 :: ('MESH:C089946', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazolidinedione']

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Over one billion Muslims fast worldwide during the month of Ramadan. Fasting during Ramadan is a radical change in life style for the period of a lunar month. Our objective in this study was to investigate whether Ramadan fasting has any effect on the incidence of @entity565 and to assess whether Ramadan Fasting affected normal lung function values. DESIGN: This is a hospital-based cohort study. SETTING: Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar. @entity1 : We prospectively reviewed 1590 asthmatic Muslim @entity1 who were hospitalized with @entity565 over a four year period from January 2000 to December 2004. @entity1 were divided according to the time of presentation in relation to the month of Ramadan, one month before, during and one month after Ramadan. METHODS: Pulmonary function tests were performed on an electronic spirometer (Compact Vitalograph, Buckingham, U.K.). Performance of the spirometric test and data collection were according to as described by the American @entity1514 Society. RESULTS: There were 1590 @entity1 studied. Among them, 901 were males (56.7%) and 689 were females (43.3%). Their mean age was 30 years (15-60). All @entity1 expressed clinical @entity566 , 454 @entity1 (28.6%) had @entity565 and @entity2490 , 513 @entity1 (32.3%) had @entity2023 , 300 @entity1 (18.9%) had @entity565 alone and 10.6% had other @entity56 . The ventilatory capacity of lung function parameters mean did not show any statistically significant differences between a period of pre-Ramadan, during Ramadan and after Ramadan concerning FVC, FEV1, FEF(25-75) FEV1/FVC, and PEF values. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that no significant difference was found in number of hospitalization and the mean spirometric values for @entity565 while fasting during the month of Ramadan when compared to the non-fasting months.

title: Does hospitalization for XXXX and @entity56 occur more frequently in Ramadan fasting: a population based study (2000-2004).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic conditions']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Fifteen @entity1 with advanced transitional cell @entity189 of the urothelial tract were treated with @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 and @entity900 (M-VAC) chemotherapy. Eleven @entity1 were treated to metastatic lesions after surgical resection of primary @entity5 . One out of 15 @entity1 died of chemotherapy. Of the remaining 14 @entity1 , CR was achieved in one and PR was achieved in seven, clinically. The response rate was 57.1% and the median response duration was 12.6 months. In the @entity1 who had been resected their primary lesions, the response rate was 70% and the duration was 14.1 months. Six @entity1 , including five PRs and one NC, underwent surgical resection and re-staging of the @entity41 after chemotherapy. Clinical response coincided with pathological one in all 6 cases. Three @entity1 were observed the decrease of the lung @entity3 , which rate was more than 90%. Two out of 3 who did not show any invasion into the lymph channels in the resected @entity41 , have been free of a recurrence through-out the course of at 47 or at 42 months. However, another @entity1 with lymph channel invasion died of @entity3 of the mediastinal and paraaortic lymph nodes. Regarding the frequency of side effects, it seemed to be no significant difference between full and 80% doses administration. In the effectual cases, the @entity41 should be resected surgically and re-staged pathologically.

title: [Clinical and pathological evaluations of @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 and @entity900 (M-VAC) chemotherapy for advanced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['urothelial cancers']


abstract: There is considerable evidence that drug disposition is altered during @entity1 pregnancy and based on probe drug studies, @entity5320 activity increases during @entity1 pregnancy. The aim of this study was to determine whether the changes of @entity5320 activity observed during @entity1 pregnancy could be replicated in the @entity19 , and explore possible mechanisms of increased @entity5320 activity during pregnancy. @entity51353 , @entity51354 , @entity51355 and @entity51356 mRNA was increased (P < 0.05) on @entity6677 ( @entity6677 ) 15 and 19 compared with the non-pregnant controls. There was no change (P > 0.05) in @entity51357 and @entity51358 mRNA. In agreement with the increased @entity51359 mRNA, @entity51359 -mediated @entity3982 formation from @entity14031 was increased 2.7-fold (P < 0.05) on GD19 (56.8  39.4 pmol/min/mg protein) when compared with the non-pregnant controls (20.8  11.2 pmol/min/mg protein). An increase in @entity15897 mRNA (10-fold) and @entity1968 receptor (Rar)b mRNA (2.8-fold) was also observed during pregnancy. The increase in @entity15897 and @entity19916 mRNA during pregnancy indicates increased @entity1968 signaling in the liver during pregnancy. A putative @entity1968 response element was identified within the @entity51356 promoter and the mRNA of @entity51356 correlated (P < 0.05) with @entity15897 and @entity19916 . These results show that @entity51359 mRNA is increased during @entity19 pregnancy the and @entity19 may provide a suitable model to investigate the mechanisms underlying the increased clearance of @entity5320 probes observed during @entity1 pregnancy. Our findings also suggest that @entity1968 signaling in the liver is increased during pregnancy, which may have broader implications to energy homeostasis in the liver during pregnancy.

title: Hepatic @entity51359 and @entity15897 mRNAs and activities are increased during XXXX pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational days', 'GD']

entities_list: @entity14031 :: ('MESH:D003915', 'Chemical') :: ['dextromethorphan']

entities_list: @entity3982 :: ('MESH:D003917', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrorphan']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in a multicentre setting the performance of cervicography compared with cytology for the detection of cervical @entity5436 . DESIGN: Prospective comparative multicentre study. SETTING: Three hospitals with outpatient gynaecology clinics and three @entity5 screening clinics. @entity1 AND METHODS: Cervical cytology and cervicography were performed on 5724 @entity1 . If one or both tests showed an abnormality suggestive of at least a low grade @entity2784 , a colposcopy with directed biopsy was carried out. Cervicograms were evaluated by four experienced 'senior' assessors and by ten new 'junior' assessors. RESULTS: Results were fully analysed for 5192 @entity1 (91%). A cervical biopsy was carried out on 228 @entity1 and this confirmed a true positive lesion in 116 cases (incidence rate: 2.2%). Of these, 72 cases (62.1%) were detected by cervicography and 64 (55.2%) by cytology. This difference was not statistically significant (McNemar: P=0.475). Only 20 cases of @entity8046 (17%) were concordantly detected by both tests. Senior assessors performed significantly better with a detection capacity of 80.6% compared to a detection capacity of 56.6% for the junior assessors (chi2 test: P=0.034). CONCLUSIONS: Cervicography must be considered as a complementary test to cytology. Overall detection of @entity8046 is improved, but this is mainly due to the detection of more low grade lesions. The lower sensitivity and specificity in high grade lesions compared with cervical cytology is the main limitation of cervicography in screening for @entity8046 . An important finding was that the performance of cervicography was highly dependent on the assessors' experience.

title: A multicentre study comparing cervicography and cytology in the detection of cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['squamous intraepithelial lesion']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity5436 :: (MESH:D019048,Disease) :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is evidence that reactive stroma in different @entity5 may regulate @entity5 progression. The aim of this study is to establish any possible relation of reactive stroma grading on needle prostatic biopsies to biochemical recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group comprised 266 biopsies from consecutive @entity1 submitted to radical prostatectomy. @entity2166 was defined as stroma surrounding neoplastic tissue and graded as 0 (absent), 1 (slight), 2 (moderate), and 3 (intense) according to @entity5 stroma area relative to total @entity5 area. RESULTS: From the total of 266 needle prostatic biopsies, 143 (53.8%), 55 (20.7%), 54 (20.3%), and 14 (5.3%) showed grades 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Increasing reactive stroma grade was significantly associated with clinical stage T2, higher preoperative PSA, higher biopsy and radical prostatectomy Gleason score, more extensive @entity5 in radical prostatectomy, and pathologic stage > T2. Only grade 3 was significantly associated with time and risk to biochemical recurrence. On multivariate analysis only preoperative PSA and 2 methods of biopsy @entity5 extent evaluation were independent predictors. CONCLUSION: Increasing reactive stroma grade on biopsies is significantly associated with several clinicopathologic adverse findings, however, only grade 3 predicts time and risk to biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy on univariate but not on multivariate analysis. We have not been able to show that reactive stroma grade 3 on biopsies is an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence beyond that of preoperative PSA and other pathologic findings on biopsy.

title: Adenocarcinoma on needle prostatic biopsies: does reactive stroma predicts biochemical recurrence in XXXX following radical prostatectomy?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2166 :: ('MESH:D000275', 'Disease') :: ['Reactive stroma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity6 is generally diagnosed too late. Therefore, biomarkers indicating early stages of b-cell dysfunction and mass reduction would facilitate timely counteraction. Transgenic @entity1707 expressing a dominant-negative @entity413 -dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor ( @entity48419 (dn)) reveal progressive deterioration of @entity413 control and reduction of b-cell mass, providing a unique opportunity to study metabolic changes during the @entity5710 period. Plasma samples from intravenous @entity413 tolerance tests of 2.5- and 5-month-old @entity48419 (dn) transgenic and control animals were analyzed for 163 metabolites by targeted mass spectrometry. Analysis of variance revealed that 26 of 163 parameters were influenced by the interaction Genotype   Age (P  <= 0.0001) and thus are potential markers for progression within the @entity5710 state. Among them, the concentrations of seven @entity1522 ( @entity815 , Orn, @entity2596 , xLeu, His, @entity534 , and Tyr) were increased in 2.5-month-old but decreased in 5-month-old @entity48419 (dn) transgenic @entity1707 versus controls. Furthermore, specific @entity19846 , @entity13286 , and ether phospholipids were decreased in plasma of 5-month-old @entity48419 (dn) transgenic @entity1707 . Alterations in plasma metabolite concentrations were associated with liver transcriptome changes in relevant pathways. The concentrations of a number of plasma @entity1522 and lipids correlated significantly with b-cell mass of 5-month-old @entity1707 . These metabolites represent candidate biomarkers of early phases of b-cell dysfunction and mass reduction.

title: Changing metabolic signatures of XXXX and lipids during the @entity5710 period in a @entity1707 model with impaired incretin function and reduced b-cell mass.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetic']

entities_list: @entity13286 :: ('MESH:D004075', 'Chemical') :: ['diacylglycerols']

entities_list: @entity19846 :: ('MESH:D013109', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelins']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate frequency and severity of @entity137 ( @entity137 ) and its economic consequences after standard dose (immuno-)chemotherapy (CT) of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Subanalysis of a prospective, multicentre, longitudinal, observational cohort study; data were collected from @entity1 interviews and pre-planned chart reviews. Costs were aggregated per CT line and presented from provider perspective. RESULTS: A total of 120 consecutive @entity1149 @entity1 (mean age, 63.0        8.4 (SD) years; @entity1 , 64.2%; ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) performance status <2, 84.3%; @entity5 stage III/IV, 85%; history of comorbidity, 93.3%) receiving 130 CT lines were evaluated. 80% of CT lines were associated with grade 3 or 4 @entity137 , 22.3% developed potential life-threatening complications, 77.7% were associated with at least one hospital stay (inpatient, 63.9%; outpatient/day clinic 39.2%, ICU 6.9%), with a mean cumulative number of 12.8 (  14.0 SD) hospital days. Mean (median) @entity137 ( @entity137 ) amounted to    3,366 (   1,406) and were found to be higher for first-line compared to second-line treatment:    3,677 (   1,599) vs.    2,475 (   518). @entity137 were particularly high in CT lines with ICU care    12,207 (   9,960). Eight out of 11 ICU stays were associated with grade 3 or 4 infections. Nine CT lines with ICU care accounted for 25% of total expenses (   109,861 out of    437,580). CONCLUSIONS: In first-line @entity1149 treatment, in particular, CT @entity137 management is expensive. Asymmetric cost distribution seems to be triggered by infection associated ICU care. Its avoidance should reduce @entity1 ' clinical burden and have considerable economic implications. Nevertheless, comparative observational studies have to confirm estimated savings.

title: The impact of chemotherapy-induced side effects on medical care usage and cost in German hospital care--an observational analysis on @entity1149 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'adverse drug reactions', 'ADRs', 'toxicity management costs per CT line', 'TMC-TL']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect on ocular alignment of Y splitting the lateral rectus muscle and then reattaching the 2 ends near the medial rectus muscle insertion in @entity1 with complete @entity2895 . METHODS: All eyes with @entity2895 treated between May 2008 and February 2010 with Y splitting and transposition of the lateral rectus muscle to the medial rectus muscle were prospectively studied. In this procedure, the lateral rectus muscle was split: the upper half was transposed to the superior border and the lower half to the inferior border of the medial rectus insertion. For the muscles that had lost the ability to stretch and strain due to @entity82 , a hang-back technique was used. In some @entity1 , the medial rectus muscle of the same eye was subsequently strengthened or the lateral rectus muscle of the fellow eye was recessed. Final deviation from 0(/\) to 10(/\) was considered a successful result. RESULTS: A total of 10 @entity1 were included. @entity1 had a preoperative horizontal deviation >45(/\) (range, 45(/\)-90(/\)). Of the 10 @entity1 , 5 attained stable results following surgery, and 5 with postoperative undercorrection between 20(/\) and 30(/\) required further surgeries. Postoperatively, 2 @entity1 improved their sensorial status in a very limited range of gaze and 2 @entity1 had symptomatic @entity892 . CONCLUSIONS: Acceptable aesthetic results can be achieved in the treatment of complete @entity2895 with the transposition of the split lateral rectus muscle to the medial rectus muscle area.

title: Medial transposition of a split lateral rectus muscle for complete XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['oculomotor nerve palsy']

answer: @entity2895 :: (MESH:D015840,Disease) :: ['oculomotor nerve palsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Subjects with @entity209 ( @entity209 ) and individuals with @entity164 2 @entity6 are at high risk for @entity455 . Hormones acting on vascular endothelium may be involved in the atherogenic process associated with @entity209 . The objective of this study was to determine the correlation of pro-atrial natriuretic hormone (proANP) with the presence of subclinical @entity731 . METHODS: In 1272 subjects participating in the KORA F4 study, we determined plasma levels of mid-regional proANP (MR-proANP) and the @entity121 ( @entity121 ) of the carotid artery. We used logistic regression models to investigate the relation of MR-proANP with components of @entity209 and @entity121 . RESULTS: In multiple adjusted regression models, MR-proANP levels were inversely associated with @entity209 (OR  =  0.66, 95% CI 0.47-0.93), @entity1144 (OR  =  0.67, 95% CI 0.46-0.96), raised @entity412 levels (OR  =  0.53, 95% CI 0.37-0.77), @entity5710 (OR  =  0.62, 95%, CI 0.44-0.87) and @entity164 2 @entity6 (OR  =  0.55, 95% CI 0.35-0.88) when comparing the top quartile vs. the lower three quartiles. Furthermore, there was an inverse relationship between MR-proANP and @entity121 . After adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk markers, individuals with high MR-proANP plasma levels in the top quartile (Q4) had significantly lower @entity121 values (Q4 vs. Q1-Q3: b  -0.0178, 95% CI  -0.0344;  -0.0013). CONCLUSIONS: In this population-based study, high plasma concentrations of MR-proANP were significantly associated with a lower incidence of @entity209 components and lower measures of early @entity731 . The data suggest a link between MR-proANP levels and the development of @entity455 .

title: Plasma MR-proANP levels are associated with carotid XXXX in the general community: the KORA F4 study.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS', 'metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['intima-media thickness']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study aimed to evaluate the survival time, immune response and safety of a dendritic cell (DC) vaccine and cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell therapy (DC-CIK) in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). The present retrospective study enrolled 507 @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ; 99 @entity1 received DC-CIK [immunotherapy group (group I)] and 408 matched @entity1 did not receive DC-CIK, and acted as the control [non-immunotherapy group (group NI)]. @entity56 ( @entity56 ), quality of life (QOL) and safety were analyzed in group I. The follow-up period for the two groups was 489.2  160.4 days. The overall survival (OS) time was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. @entity56 was observed in 59 out of 97 evaluated @entity1 (60.8%) and 67 out of 98 evaluated @entity1 (68.4%) possessed an improved QOL. Fever and a @entity1910 occurred in 36 out of 98 @entity1 (36.7%) and 7 out of 98 @entity1 (7.1%) in group I. @entity56 occurred more frequently in @entity1 with @entity957 compared with @entity1 with @entity420 (77.1 vs. 40.4%; P=0.0013). Radiotherapy was not associated with DC-CIK-induced @entity56 (72.7 vs. 79.6%; P=0.18), but chemotherapy significantly reduced the rate of @entity56 (18.2 vs. 79.6%; P=0.00). The OS time was significantly increased in group I compared with group NI (P=0.03). In conclusion, DC-CIK may induce an immune response against @entity1149 , improve the QOL, and prolong the OS time of @entity1 , without adverse effects. Therefore, the present study recommends DC-CIK for the treatment of @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 .

title: Dendritic cell vaccine and cytokine-induced killer cell therapy for the treatment of advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['DTH', 'Delayed-type hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One of the serious problems in longer size tracheal transplantation is severe @entity850 of the graft, probably caused by an inadequate blood supply. We have previously reported that removal of some cartilage rings of the graft and omentopexy helps to provide sufficient blood flow to the graft mucosal tissue and results in satisfactory survival and non-significant graft @entity850 in extended tracheal autotransplantation. However, it is unclear whether this method can be applied to extended tracheal allotransplantation that requires immunosuppression. In this report, we describe midterm results of extended tracheal allotransplantation with the technique. METHODS: Twenty-four adult mongrel @entity235 were used. In 18 @entity235 , a nine-cartilage-ring length of the @entity825 was allotransplanted when five cartilage rings of the graft were removed, leaving two rings intact at both ends of the graft for simple fixing to the recipient. Two artificial tracheal rings outside the graft and a stent inside the graft were used for maintaining the lumen width. Omentopexy was done for sufficient blood supply to the graft. @entity1140 (0.1 mg/kg) was given on each day after the operation in Group A (n = 10), but was not given at all in Group B (n = 8). In Group C (n = 6), a nine-cartilage-ring length of the @entity825 , without removal of any cartilage ring, was transplanted into the recipient @entity235 and covered with an omental pedicle flap. The same dose of @entity1140 as that used in Group A @entity235 was given to Group C @entity235 . RESULTS: In Group A, 2 @entity235 died of graft @entity850 within 9 weeks after surgery and 1 died of emaciation without @entity6184 . Seven @entity235 (70%) survived until time of killing. Among the 8 @entity235 in Group B, 6 died of graft @entity850 within 9 weeks after surgery, with 1 dying of @entity55 and only 1 (13%) surviving for >1 year until killing. In Group C, all 6 @entity235 died of graft @entity850 within 6 weeks after surgery. Survival at 16 weeks after surgery was 70% in Group A, 13% in Group B and 0% in Group C (p < 0.01, A vs B and C). No significant graft @entity850 was found in 6 @entity235 and mild @entity850 was found in 2 @entity235 at the time of @entity204 or killing in Group A (80%), whereas mild @entity850 was found in only 2 @entity235 in Group B (25%) (p < 0.05). Mucosal blood flow of the graft in Group A was higher than that in Group C and was the same as that in Group B within 4 weeks after surgery; however, it remained unchanged to ultimately be higher than in Group B at 6 and 8 weeks after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Removal of some cartilage rings, omentopexy and immunosuppression improved blood supply to the graft and resulted in good survival and non-significant @entity6184 in extended tracheal allotransplantation.

title: Removal of cartilage rings prevents graft XXXX in extended tracheal allotransplantation with omentopexy and immunosuppression: an experimental study.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: Significant progress has been made in recent years in developing more effective means of preventing @entity1209 induced by @entity5 chemotherapy. With appropriate application of currently available antiemetic regimens, the majority of @entity1 with @entity5 who are receiving chemotherapy can anticipate experiencing no @entity391 during their treatment. Nevertheless, incompletely controlled @entity391 remains a problem for a significant percentage of @entity1 . Persistent challenges include delayed @entity391 and @entity391 following high-dose chemotherapy regimens. The goal of complete prevention of @entity391 in all @entity1 remains elusive. Therefore, there is a strong rationale for investigating new antiemetic approaches. New antiemetic agents currently under development target the neurotransmitters @entity750 ( @entity750 ; @entity750 ) and @entity4757 . A number of new selective antagonists of @entity750 5-HT3 receptors are in clinical trials. Given the lack of clinically significant differences between the available 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, it appears unlikely that any of these new agents will have substantial advantages over currently approved agents. Several other @entity750 receptors have been targeted including the @entity750 4, @entity1873 and 5- @entity7601 receptors. Of these approaches, only agonism of the @entity1873 has produced an agent that has proceeded into clinical testing. The most exciting new class of antiemetics currently under development focuses on antagonism of the effects of the neurotransmitter @entity4757 . Results of early clinical trials with @entity4756 neurokinin @entity9766 antagonists demonstrate enhanced control of acute @entity391 with their addition to currently available agents and promising activity in controlling delayed @entity391 . Available evidence would strongly suggest that this class of agents will represent the next important advance in efforts to control @entity1209 induced by chemotherapy.

title: Antiemetics for XXXX chemotherapy-induced @entity1209 . A review of agents in development.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', 'serotonin', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity4756 :: ('MESH:D015320', 'Chemical') :: ['tachykinin']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the associated findings with bone contusions in @entity1 after acute noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. METHODS: From January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2013, @entity1 who underwent ACL reconstructions performed by the senior author (H.F.) were retrospectively analyzed. Presence and severity of @entity79 were determined from preoperative magnetic resonance images (MRIs) for each anatomic site including the lateral femoral condyle (LFC), lateral tibial plateau (LTP), medial femoral condyle (MFC), and medial tibial plateau (MTP). Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associated findings (demographic data, preoperative physical examinations, concomitant meniscal lesions, intra-articular cartilage damages, and anterolateral ligament [ALL] abnormality) with bone contusions. Outcomes included the presence of bone contusions at each anatomic site (LFC, LTP, MFC, and MTP) and severity of lateral bone contusions (moderate/severe v none/minimal). RESULTS: Among the 697 consecutive cases, 193 were finally selected. Prevalence of bone contusions seen on MRI was as follows: 60.6% LFC, 73.1% LTP, 6.2% MFC, and 21.2% MTP. Presence of bone contusions at LFC and LTP were significantly associated with high-grade (grade II and III) pivot-shift (ORLFC, 7.39; 95% CI, 1.99, 27.44; ORLTP, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.02, 6.24), concomitant lateral meniscal lesions (ORLFC, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.93, 11.31; ORLTP, 10.17; 95% CI, 1.86, 55.47), and @entity854 (ORLFC, 3.79; 95% CI, 1.46, 9.84; ORLTP, 4.47; 95% CI, 1.28, 15.58). However, none of the above associated findings was correlated with the presence of bone contusions at MFC and MTP. Furthermore, moderate/severe lateral bone contusions were still found to be significantly associated with high-grade (grade II and III) pivot-shift (ORLFC, 14.89; 95% CI, 2.71, 82.11; ORLTP, 6.76; 95% CI, 1.27, 36.06), concomitant lateral meniscal lesions (ORLFC, 17.34; 95% CI, 3.91, 76.87; ORLTP, 22.01; 95% CI, 5.08, 95.42), and @entity854 (ORLFC, 4.02; 95% CI, 1.33, 12.09; ORLTP, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.09, 6.04). CONCLUSIONS: For acute noncontact @entity130 , both the presence and the severity of lateral bone contusions are associated with high-grade (grade II and III) pivot-shift, concomitant lateral meniscal lesions, and @entity854 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective comparative study.

title: Bone Contusions After Acute Noncontact Anterior Cruciate XXXX Are Associated With Knee Joint Laxity, Concomitant Meniscal Lesions, and Anterolateral Ligament Abnormality.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone contusion']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['ALL abnormality']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ACL injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Ligament Injury']


abstract: @entity1 gestational trophoblastic neoplasms overexpress hCG/LH receptors. Whether this overexpression is a reflection of a loss of self-regulation of hCG biosynthesis was investigated using JAR @entity1 @entity1466 cells. The results show that exogenous hCG did not affect steady state @entity3507 and @entity7807 mRNA or dimer hCG protein levels in JAR cells. The JAR cells, however, responded to @entity5987 with an increase in @entity3507 mRNA levels, suggesting that @entity268 -mediated regulation of the hCG subunit genes was intact in the cells. Disruption of receptor function by a receptor antibody, which resulted in an increase in @entity3507 mRNA levels and hCG secretion in normal trophoblasts, had no effect on JAR cells. Unlike normal trophoblasts, which contain a predominant receptor transcript of 1.8 kilobases (kb), with minor higher molecular size (7.5 and 5.4 kb) transcripts occasionally seen, JAR cells contain a higher abundance of multiple transcripts (7.5, 5.4, 3.5, and 1.8 kb), with the predominant transcript being 5.4 kb. In addition, although normal trophoblasts contain an 80-kilodalton receptor protein, JAR cells contain only a 50-kilodalton hCG/LH receptor isoform. In contrast to the effects of exogenous hCG on normal placental tissue in vitro, it was unable to down-regulate receptor transcripts or receptor protein in JAR cells. In summary, JAR cells lack the ability to self-regulate hCG biosynthesis. This loss could explain how hCG can reach very high levels in @entity1469 compared to those in normal pregnancy.

title: Lack of self-regulation of XXXX chorionic gonadotropin biosynthesis in @entity1 @entity1466 cells.

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of serum @entity5 markers in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) remains undefined. New proposed markers have seldom been rigorously compared with existing standards. The authors prospectively compared the performance of three new monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) (5E8, 5C7, and 1F10) with the established serum markers @entity787 ( @entity787 ) and @entity957 antigen (SCC). METHODS: The cohort consisted of 45 consecutive out- @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1149 : Control subjects were 38 outpatients with non-neoplastic chronic @entity358 . Blood from each @entity1 and control subject was assayed for all five @entity5 markers. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine 5E8, 5C7, and 1F10 reactivity. Commercially available kits were used to measure SCC by radioimmunoassay and @entity787 by ELISA: Individual and combinations of @entity5 markers were compared in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for @entity1149 diagnosis. RESULTS: 5E8 plus 5C7 plus 1F10 significantly surpassed SCC plus @entity787 in terms of sensitivity (P < 0.05) and proved the most accurate marker combination. Among single markers, 5E8 was most specific, 5C7 most sensitive, and 5C7 and 1F10 each most accurate, but differences from @entity787 alone were not significant. Subgroup analysis by histologic type and stage demonstrated similar findings, and marker combinations yielded little additional diagnostic benefit. CONCLUSIONS: 5E8, 5C7, and 1F10 performed marginally better than did @entity787 and SCC in @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1149 : Many limitations apply in defining a clinical niche for these @entity5 markers in @entity1149 , although 5E8, 5C7, and 1F10 previously have demonstrated a modest prognostic value. An adjunctive role in a few specific clinical contexts remains possible.

title: Serum @entity5 markers in XXXX . A comparative analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary diseases']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Initiating early @entity134 treatment in @entity1 with immune @entity548 ( @entity548 ) is a key aspect of early management. However, @entity134 initiation is often delayed until the results of immunological markers and/or tissue biopsy have been obtained, which could contribute to poor outcomes. We previously developed a clinical score allowing for the early diagnosis of @entity548 of immune causes. However, this score has not been validated in an independent cohort of @entity1 . The aim of this study was to assess the validity of this diagnostic score using an independent cohort of @entity1 admitted for @entity548 of immune and nonimmune causes. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of @entity1 admitted between January 2002 and December 2009 for @entity548 of immune and nonimmune causes. RESULTS: Forty-six @entity1 were included in the study, with 12 @entity1 having immune @entity548 and 34 @entity1 with nonimmune @entity548 . Application of our previously validated clinical scale of immune @entity548 to this independent population of @entity1 yielded an area under the ROC curve of 0.95 [0.90-1.01]. A score >= 4/10 was associated with the best performances of this scale: sensitivity  =  1.00 [0.73-1.00], specificity  =  0.88 [0.72-0.97], positive predictive value  =  0.75 [0.48-0.93], and negative predictive value  =  1.00 [0.88-1.00]. CONCLUSION: While immunological tests and tissue biopsy results are pending, deciding whether to initiate an immunosuppressive treatment is challenging. The initiation of early corticosteroid treatment is warranted in @entity1 with immune @entity548 and could improve outcomes. This study confirms that this score allows for a good discrimination between @entity1 with immune and nonimmune @entity548 . Because this series has several limitations, including its single-center and retrospective nature, the small number of @entity1 included, and the lack of therapeutic intervention, a prospective evaluation of this score is warranted to ascertain whether it can improve the adequacy of early treatment strategies and thus improve the outcomes of @entity548 @entity1 .

title: Immune XXXX : a retrospective assessment of a diagnostic scale.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['DAH', 'diffuse alveolar hemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['diffuse alveolar hemorrhage']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the regulation of @entity268 by @entity440 in quail oviduct. A single injection of @entity440 to immature female quails induced a transient activation of adenylate cyclase. Enzyme activity began to increase 3 h after the injection, peaked at 6 h and then dropped to control level at 12 h. The same time-response curves were observed following the injection of @entity4520 or @entity4520 + @entity440 . Moreover, adenylcyclase exhibited the same sensitivity to exogenous activators ( @entity12831 and @entity1928 ) in the different treated groups. Phosphodiesterase activity was left unchanged during the prereplicative period and @entity268 concentration was significantly increased at 6 h (+ 44.3%). Then, @entity268 concentration continued to increase (+ 73.8% at 24 h) while @entity268 phosphodiesterase and adenylcyclase activities remained at control levels. Injected concurrently with @entity4520 , @entity440 completely inhibited the growth promoting effect of @entity53 . @entity440 also inhibited the activation of adenylcyclase and @entity268 phosphodiesterase induced by the hormone alone during the proliferative phase of the tissue. Moreover, the combined treatment led to a sustained elevation of @entity268 in the oviduct, whereas @entity4520 alone decreased the level of @entity268 . These results and those of our previous studies showing a significant correlation between the growth inhibitory potency of @entity42332 derivatives in vivo and their efficiency to inhibit calmodulin-dependent @entity268 phosphodiesterase in vitro, strongly suggest that the differential regulation of @entity268 levels by @entity53 and @entity440 is essential for the growth promoting or growth inhibiting activities of these molecules.

title: Growth inhibition and the regulation of cyclic AMP by the @entity42332 anti-estrogen XXXX in the quail oviduct.

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity42332 :: ('MESH:C037749', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenylethylene']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity12831 :: ('MESH:D006165', 'Chemical') :: ['guanylylimidodiphosphate']

entities_list: @entity4520 :: ('MESH:C074283', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol benzoate']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity440 :: (MESH:D013629,Chemical) :: ['tamoxifen']


abstract: Both governmental and private agencies have focused on the multiple outcome variables that may affect @entity1 treatment. Our investigation examined treatment-independent outcome variables and correlates in @entity1 with the sole complaint of @entity1643 . Treatment was conducted in an outpatient physical therapy clinic serving a rural/suburban Tennessee population. METHODS: The review collected data on nine variables from 54 clinic records. The study group was 56% female, with ages for all subjects ranging from 26 to 84 years. Twenty-five @entity1 carried private insurance, 14 were TennCare recipients (state Medicaid), 9 were @entity1538 , and 6 were Medicare based. The prescribed number of treatment sessions (Rx) varied from 1 to 3 visits to as many as 18. RESULTS: The Rx was not related to sex, age, or payer type. The compliance index (Cx) (mean = 76.3%, range = 6% to 150%) was related to payer type (P < .02), but not related to sex, age, or Rx. TennCare @entity1 had lower compliance levels (mean Cx = 51.1) than all other insurer groups combined (mean Cx = 85.0). Self-assessed improvement by the @entity1 ( @entity1 Status) was related to Cx (P < 0.005) but not sex, age, payer type, or Rx. Completion by the @entity1 of long-term physical therapy goals as determined by the therapist was related to Cx (P < .03) and self-assessed @entity1 status (P < .02), while disposition at discharge was associated with Cx, self-assessed @entity1 status, and payer type (P < .001). DISCUSSION: Compliance by @entity1 significantly influences the outcome measures of self-assessed improvement, therapist assessment of achieving long-term treatment goals, and disposition at discharge. TennCare @entity1 demonstrated both low compliance and poor outcome at discharge. These results suggest that the lower potential for positive treatment outcome may exist for the TennCare @entity1 population.

title: Correlates of XXXX outcomes in a community clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['covered by workers compensation']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: @entity26510 and @entity4352 receptor occupancy have been linked to several processes in @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ), including nasal congestion, @entity5254 , and recruitment of inflammatory cells. We investigated whether add-on @entity4255 , an @entity16206 , might be effective for @entity2023 @entity1 showing unsatisfactory control of symptoms with the @entity4352 receptor antagonist (LTRA) @entity5203 alone. @entity1 with @entity2023 caused by @entity12261 pollen ( @entity2023 -JCP; mean age, 29.4 years) were given prophylactic @entity5203 for 1 month before peak JCP dispersal. @entity1 recorded the severity of the symptoms (sneezing, @entity5254 , nasal congestion, and ocular symptoms) daily on visual analog scale (VAS). We selected @entity1 with VAS scores of >50 for any of the symptoms just before the peak pollen season ( @entity22784 to @entity11216 ) and designated them as "poorly controlled" @entity1 . Then, in the peak JCP season (from @entity20684 ), we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to determine whether add-on @entity4255 might be effective for these "poorly controlled" @entity1 . @entity5203 alone was effective, as evaluated by improvement of the VAS scores, in 95 of the 137 @entity1 (69.3%). Add-on @entity4255 significantly decreased the total scores for nasal symptoms (p < 0.05), sneezing (p < 0.05), and @entity5254 (p < 0.05) when compared with placebo. The symptoms of @entity2023 in two of three @entity2023 - @entity6223 @entity1 could be controlled (VAS score[s] under 50) by prophylactic treatment with @entity5203 alone under the condition of mild JCP dispersal. Furthermore, the effect of add-on @entity16206 on sneezing and @entity5254 was found in selected @entity2023 -JCP @entity1 .

title: Efficacy of prophylactic treatment with @entity5203 and @entity5203 plus add-on @entity4255 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12261 :: ('3369', 'Species') :: ['Japanese cedar']

entities_list: @entity16206 :: ('CHEBI:37956', 'Chemical') :: ['antihistamine']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['SAR', 'seasonal allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity4352 :: ('CHEBI:25029', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene']

entities_list: @entity5203 :: ('MESH:C093875', 'Chemical') :: ['montelukast', 'Montelukast']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity26510 :: ('MESH:C112381', 'Chemical') :: ['Cysteinyl leukotriene']

entities_list: @entity4255 :: ('MESH:D017336', 'Chemical') :: ['loratadine']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['seasonal allergic rhinitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between anti- @entity5 immune response and @entity792 elicited by adenovirus-mediated xenogeneic @entity320 -related antigen tyrosinase-related protein 2 ( @entity22920 ). METHODS: @entity19 divided into three groups were intradermally immunized by dl 70-3 (control group), Ad @entity22920 , and Ad @entity22920 respectively. Analysis of the killing activity and production of @entity60 of @entity5 -specific cytotoxia T lymphocytes (CTL) from the C57BL/6 @entity19 (3 @entity19 per group) immunized with adenoviral vector encoding @entity1 or @entity19 @entity22920 (Ad @entity22920 or Ad @entity41258 ) were made using in vivo CTL and intracellular staining of @entity60 respectively. Additionally, the survival of @entity19 (10 @entity19 per group) immunized with Ad @entity22920 or Ad @entity41258 was checked after the subcutaneous inoculation with @entity19 @entity320 @entity19 cells. RESULTS: The CTL lysis activity elicited by Ad @entity22920 was related to the duration of immunization, which increased up to peak one week after the immunization and subsequently decreased. Moreover, the Ad @entity22920 -elicited CTL lysis was dose-dependent. The 6 h CTL killing and spleen @entity60 -producing CD8(+) T cells in total CD8(+) T cells by one week's immunization with Ad @entity22920 were 94% +/- 5% and 0.87% +/- 0.12%, respectively, whereas the 6 h CTL killing and spleen @entity60 -producing CD8(+) T cells by Ad @entity41258 were 22% +/- 8% and 0.15% +/- 0.05% respectively. On the other hand, 80%of the @entity19 inoculated with 1 x 10(6) @entity19 cells a week after the immunization with Ad @entity22920 were @entity5 -free for three months, but companied by formation of vitiligo in the Ad injection sites. However, only 20% of the Ad @entity41258 -immunized @entity19 inoculated with 1 x 10(5) @entity19 cells survived, and no vitiligo was formatted. CONCLUSION: Adenovirus-mediated xenogeneic @entity320 -related antigen @entity22920 effectively breaks immune tolerance, thus inducing strong antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell response, simultaneously companied by obvious @entity792 .

title: [Xenogeneic @entity320 -related antigen elicits anti- XXXX immune response, companied by @entity792 ].

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon (IFN) gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune injury']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conventional endoscopy for self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement may be technically limited in long and tortuous strictures. Therefore, we analyzed the feasibility, safety and usefulness of ultrathin endoscopy (UTE)-guided SEMS placement. @entity1 AND METHODS: This study involved 24 @entity1 with upper @entity344 and unsuccessful initial attempts to place SEMS using conventional endoscopy. After completely passing a UTE across the stricture, the UTE was withdrawn, leaving a guidewire placed via the working channel. Through-the-scope SEMS placement was done using a conventional endoscope inserted along the guidewire. The primary endpoints were assessed by technical/clinical success and stent patency duration. RESULTS: Stents were successfully placed at target locations in all but one case with a long tortuous stricture, with 95.8% (23/24) technical success. One week after stent placement, mean gastricoutlet obstruction score improved significantly from baseline (1.74        0.62 and 0.33        0.48, respectively; P   <   0.001). Stent migration, restenosis, and @entity174 occurred in four (17.4%), six (26.1%), and one (4.3%) of 23 stents, respectively. Median stent patency duration was 79 days. Mean stent patency was significantly longer in @entity1 who received palliative chemotherapy than in those who did not (122.9        11.0 and 38.3        4.6, respectively; P   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: UTE guidance SEMS delivery can be a feasible and safe rescue treatment method for malignant upper @entity344 in cases of failed attempts to place SEMS using conventional endoscopy. Our result warrants a further study to define the efficacy of this method in difficult SEMS placement cases.

title: Ultrathin endoscope-assisted self-expandable metallic stent placement following initial unsuccessful attempt in malignant upper XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Compromised sexual function is often a side effect for @entity1 following radical surgical procedures for @entity263 . METHODS: The authors review the classification and physiology of @entity250 . Moreover, they explain the possible pathophysiology directly resulting from surgery, and they discuss several approaches available to address these problems. RESULTS: Options for male @entity250 , primarily @entity323 resulting from radical prostatectomy or surgery for @entity150 , range from @entity1 education to penile prosthesis implantation. Female @entity250 caused by surgical intervention for @entity150 includes problems with libido, arousal, orgasm, and @entity546 . Treatment options for @entity1 can include sex therapy, hormonal therapy, and preventive strategies. However, no consensus has been established on the most effective agents and time points to treat male or female @entity250 following radical cystectomies or prostatectomies. The chronic intermittent treatment of @entity323 following radical prostatectomy has been commonly referred to as penile rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS: Additional research is needed to obtain further data concerning @entity250 in both @entity1 and @entity1 following radical pelvic surgeries. Modification of surgical techniques, the use of various treatment modalities for @entity250 , and the development of new agents will help to successfully minimize or prevent damage and restore normal sexual function after local surgical therapy for prostate or @entity150 in the future.

title: Sexual function after surgery for prostate or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['bladder or prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction', 'sexual function and dysfunction']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: The protective effect of blueberry (BB) on the clastogenic effects of @entity2482 and @entity106 was evaluated with the induced @entity4523 ( @entity4523 ) frequency as a biomarker, both in vitro and in vivo. @entity1 @entity157 HepG2 cells, which contain most of the metabolic activating enzymes was used for the in vitro test. @entity4523 frequencies were determined in binucleated cells generated by blocking cytokinesis by use of cytochalasin-B. The @entity4523 frequency in vivo was determined in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) from the bone marrow of treated @entity19 . BB by itself was not toxic both in vivo and in vitro. There was no evidence of a potential physico-chemical interaction between BB and the test carcinogens in vitro. Pre-treatment with BB reduced the @entity4523 frequency induced by @entity2482 . But, simultaneous treatment and post-treatment with BB did not affect the frequency of @entity2482 -induced @entity4523 . BB did not affect the frequency of @entity106 -induced @entity4523 in vitro under any test condition. Under in vivo conditions, BB reduced the frequencies of @entity2482 - and @entity106 -induced @entity4523 in PCEs, but in the case of the protective effect of BB against @entity106 a dramatic reduction in the percentage of PCEs was observed, suggesting increased @entity137 .

title: Effect of blueberries (BB) on micronuclei induced by @entity2482 ( XXXX ) and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene ( @entity106 ) in @entity1 cells, assessed in in vitro and in vivo assays.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity4523 :: ('MESH:D048629', 'Disease') :: ['MN', 'micronucleus']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity2482 :: (MESH:D008769,Chemical) :: ['MNNG']


abstract: PURPOSE: To @entity156 in renal transplant recipients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Initial and final findings on serial conventional radiographs and magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained in symptomatic joints of transplant recipients were determined and correlated. RESULTS: In 42 of 47 joints, T1-weighted MR images depicted 106 ill-delimited areas of low signal intensity. At 1-year follow-up, all lesions had disappeared. T1-weighted MR images depicted nine well-delimited regions of normal signal intensity delineated by a rim of low signal intensity in seven joints. No lesion had completely disappeared at follow-up. Initial radiographs either were normal or showed patchy @entity170 (13 joints). Follow-up radiographs showed epiphyseal collapse of two femoral heads, with well-delimited lesions on MR images, and @entity2001 in 21 noncollapsed epiphyses. CONCLUSION: Initial MR imaging patterns of transient lesions (92% of lesions) are different from those of irreversible lesions. @entity75 suggest insufficiency @entity1642 , while irreversible lesions suggest avascular @entity2530 .

title: Transient XXXX in renal transplant recipients: presumed insufficiency @entity1642 .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Transient lesions']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['determine epiphyseal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2001 :: ('MESH:D001845', 'Disease') :: ['subtle subchondral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['stress fractures']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['epiphyseal lesions']


abstract: The effects of socio-economic/occupational factors on @entity356 at various subsites (including corpus, @entity418 and unspecified @entity5 ) are not well known. To investigate this issue, we carried out a follow-up study on the economically active Swedish population, based on the Swedish Family- @entity5 Database. We calculated standardized incidence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for different occupational groups, adjusted for age, period, region and socio-economic status. The reference group was all the economically active population. Manual workers and farmers were at an increased risk of @entity5 . An @entity5 was observed for male miners and quarry workers, fishermen, construction workers, packers, loaders and warehouse workers, clerical workers and female assistant nurses and postal workers. For @entity5 , significantly increased standardized incidence ratios were observed for gardeners, transport workers, bricklayers and chemical process workers among @entity1 . Only male miner and quarry workers showed significantly increased risk of unspecified @entity5 . In conclusion, the present study indicates that socio-economic groups differ in risk by almost a factor of two for corpus and unspecified @entity5 , and less for @entity5 . Cement and mineral dusts appear as major occupational risk factors.

title: Socio-economic and occupational risk factors for XXXX : a cohort study in Sweden.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'cardia cancer', 'Cancer', 'cardia cancers', 'increased risk of corpus cancer', 'stomach cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']