abstract: The plasmodia of @entity9417 grow as multinucleated cells in the presence of sufficient humidity and nutriment. Under non-illuminating conditions, stresses such as low temperature or high concentrations of salts transform the plasmodia into spherules whereas dehydration induces sclerotization. Some phosphatases including protein phosphatase and acid phosphatase have been purified from the plasmodia, but alkaline phosphatase remains to be elucidated. Phosphatase of the plasmodia, spherules and sclerotia was visualized by electrophoresis gel-staining assay using @entity20111 . Insoluble fractions of the sclerotia were abundant in phosphatase activity. The phosphatase which was extracted by nonionic detergent was subjected to column chromatography and preparative electrophoresis. Purified phosphatase showed the highest activity at pH 8.8, indicating that this enzyme belongs to alkaline phosphatase. The apparent molecular mass from @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis under non-reducing condition was estimated to be 100 kDa whereas that under reducing was 105 kDa. An amount of 1% @entity3208 or 0.5 M @entity1219 had no effects on the activity although the phosphatase showed heat instability, @entity1025 -dependency and sensitivity to @entity30301 or @entity7034 . The extracting conditions and enzymatic properties suggest that this alkaline phosphatase which is in a membrane-bound form plays important roles in @entity1391 metabolism.

title: Alkaline phosphatase of XXXX is insoluble.

entities_list: @entity9417 :: ('5791', 'Species') :: ['Physarum polycephalum']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity20111 :: ('MESH:C035455', 'Chemical') :: ['5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity30301 :: ('CHEBI:17270', 'Chemical') :: ['2-glycerophosphate']

answer: @entity9417 :: (5791,Species) :: ['Physarum polycephalum']


abstract: @entity2720 are essential for load bearing and locomotion. Physiologically, articular cartilage sustains millions of cycles of mechanical loading. Chondrocytes, the cells in cartilage, regulate their metabolic activities in response to mechanical loading. Pathological mechanical stress can lead to maladaptive cellular responses and subsequent cartilage degeneration. We sought to deconstruct chondrocyte mechanotransduction by identifying mechanosensitive ion channels functioning at injurious levels of strain. We detected robust expression of the recently identified mechanosensitive channels, @entity64908 and @entity64909 . Combined directed expression of @entity64910 sustained potentiated mechanically induced @entity141 signals and electrical currents compared with single-Piezo expression. In primary articular chondrocytes, mechanically evoked @entity141 transients produced by atomic force microscopy were inhibited by GsMTx4, a PIEZO-blocking peptide, and by @entity64908 - or @entity64909 -specific siRNA. We complemented the cellular approach with an explant- @entity1844 model. GsMTx4 reduced chondrocyte death after mechanical injury, suggesting a possible therapy for reducing @entity1844 and posttraumatic @entity571 by attenuating Piezo-mediated cartilage mechanotransduction of injurious strains.

title: Synergy between @entity64908 and XXXX channels confers high-strain mechanosensitivity to articular cartilage.

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage injury']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['Diarthrodial joints']

answer: @entity64909 :: (63895,Gene) :: ['Piezo2']


abstract: Introduction. The @entity3531 infection is a common disease with many chronically infected @entity1 worldwide. So far, the standard therapy of a chronic @entity3531 infection consisted of interferon as single therapy or in combination with @entity5371 . After approval of the two protease inhibitors, @entity49904 and @entity26150 , the standard therapy for @entity1 with genotype 1 changed. In @entity1 with acute kidney injury (AKI) these therapies are not approved and have so far not been evaluated in studies. Case Report. In April 2012, a 58-year-old female was admitted due to a cryoglobulin-positive chronic @entity3531 infection which had been treated with interferon and @entity5371 . Currently, the @entity1 was admitted because of severe complications with an acute kidney injury. We treated our @entity1 successfully with a @entity49904 based triple therapy. Conclusion. Limited data suggests that a therapy with @entity5371 in @entity1 with AKI seems to be safe under close monitoring. Our @entity1 was treated successfully with a protease inhibitor based triple therapy. Nevertheless, it is necessary to plan an interventional study to evaluate the exact risk-benefit profile of triple therapy regimens in @entity1 with AKI and @entity20800 .

title: Successful antiviral triple therapy in a longstanding refractory XXXX infection with an acute kidney injury.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26150 :: ('MESH:C486464', 'Chemical') :: ['telaprevir']

entities_list: @entity5371 :: ('MESH:D012254', 'Chemical') :: ['ribavirin']

entities_list: @entity49904 :: ('CHEBI:68621', 'Chemical') :: ['boceprevir']

answer: @entity20800 :: (11103,Species) :: ['hepatitis C virus']


abstract: A 12.5-kilobase segment of @entity3881 chromosomal DNA containing the entire @entity7391 biosynthetic (pyr) gene cluster has been cloned and sequenced. The sequenced DNA has seven cistrons encoding the six enzymes of de novo @entity18488 biosynthesis and two open reading frames of unknown function. Based on the sequence and mapping of transcripts, the genes in this cluster appear to be transcribed on one large polycistronic message in the order @entity23177 , pyrB, pyrC, pyrAA, pyrAB, @entity23179 , pyrD, pyrF, pyrE. The deduced @entity535 sequences for six @entity7391 biosynthetic enzymes from @entity3881 and comparisons with the corresponding sequences from numerous other species are presented. The 3' ends of the reading frames overlap the 5' ends of the downstream open reading frames for all cistrons in the cluster except @entity23177 and pyrB, which are separated by a 145-base pair intercistronic region. The start of transcription was mapped by primer extension to a G residue 158 @entity2036 upstream from the translation initiation codon of @entity23177 . This site is preceded by a typical @entity3881 sigma A-dependent promoter. A promoter indicator plasmid was used to show that this region carried a promoter from which transcription was regulated by @entity6245 . Transcription from this promoter was not detected in primer extension experiments using mRNA prepared from @entity3881 cells grown in the presence of excess @entity5537 . No transcripts initiating from the intercistronic space between @entity23177 and pyrB were detected with S1 nuclease mapping; however, a transcription terminator was detected in this region that reduced but did not fully block transcriptional readthrough. This terminator was not regulated by @entity6245 in the growth medium under the conditions tested. The region immediately following the promoter and 5' to @entity23177 has a potential transcription terminator sequence. The roles, if any, of these transcription terminators in the regulation of pyr operon expression are yet to be determined. However, deletion of the terminator immediately following the promoter abolished @entity7391 regulation of transcription in the indicator plasmid.

title: Functional organization and nucleotide sequence of the @entity3881 XXXX biosynthetic operon.

entities_list: @entity18488 :: ('CHEBI:26441', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity6245 :: ('MESH:D011743', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidines']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis', 'B. subtilis']

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine']

answer: @entity7391 :: (MESH:C030986,Chemical) :: ['pyrimidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We previously found foci of @entity876 up-regulation in @entity1141 in @entity2513 ( @entity2513 ). The present study aimed at exploring the frequency of this phenomenon in @entity2513 with and without @entity189 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sections from 568 polypectomies or surgical resections harbouring a @entity20171 (without or with @entity3 ) or overt @entity14 were challenged with @entity876 immunostaining. The largest section from single @entity14 was measured by the aid of a calibrated ocular scale in a conventional microscope. Lesions were divided into small @entity652 ( <=10 mm in size), large @entity652 (>= 11 mm in size), @entity652 with @entity3 , and overt invasive @entity189 (without any recognizable @entity652 remnant tissue). RESULTS: @entity2513 with three or more @entity6349 foci of @entity876 -up-regulation gradually increased from 8% in small @entity652 (size:  <=10 mm) to 48% in large @entity652 (size: >= 11 mm), and to 65% in the adenomatous tissue in @entity652 displaying @entity3 ), but plummeted to 13% in the @entity3909 tissue and to 11% in overt @entity189 . In contrast, extensive @entity876 up-regulation predominated in the @entity189 (89%). CONCLUSION: The frequency of foci of @entity6349 with up-regulation of @entity876 (hotspots) gradually increased from small to larger @entity2513 , being highest in the adenomatous tissue of @entity2513 with @entity189 . The foci of @entity876 up-regulation became confluent (appreciated as extensive up-regulation) in the @entity189 . It is concluded that a high number of foci with @entity876 up-regulation in adenomatous tissue might be required before @entity189 ensues.

title: @entity876 Up-regulation During XXXX .

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal invasive carcinoma', 'submucosal carcinomatous tissue and in overt carcinomas', 'carcinomas', 'submucosal carcinomatous tissue (87%) and in overt carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal carcinomatous']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal invasion']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasias', 'colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['CRAs', 'colorectal adenomas']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic', 'dysplastic glands']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Carcinogenesis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aims to assess quality of life outcomes, continence, rates of @entity5042 and predictors of @entity5042 for @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic versus open three-stage ileal pouch-anal @entity254 (IPAA) surgery in our institution. METHODS: Forty-two @entity1 having had three-stage (IPAA) surgery were identified. One was excluded as they had undergone pouchectomy. A postal questionnaire followed by telephone contact was undertaken. The questionnaire was based on The Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) and Wexner/Cleveland Clinic Faecal Incontinence Symptom Severity Scoring Systems. AIMS: Our aim was to assess morbidity, quality of life, incidence of @entity5042 and continence following restorative panproctocolectomy and IPAA. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 completed the response. The median age at colectomy of our @entity1 population was 32  years. 57  % were male and 43  % were female. 54.3  % of cases were carried out laparoscopically. 8/19 @entity1 who had laparoscopic surgery had @entity5042 (42.1  %) versus 9/16 @entity1 who had open surgery (56.3  %). The median Wexner score was 0. Nine @entity1 (25.7  %) had a GIQLI score that was within or above the range reported for healthy controls. The rate of complications was 31.7  % for emergency cases and 25.7  % for elective cases. The rate of @entity5042 in this group was 48.5  %. Overall @entity530 rate was 12.8  %. CONCLUSIONS: Ileal pouch-anal @entity254 is a successful and well-tolerated procedure with 94  % of @entity1 opting to have the surgery again. Preliminary results do not show any significant difference in the incidence of @entity5042 following laparoscopic surgery.

title: Quality of life, continence and frequency of XXXX following laparoscopic versus open colectomy and ileal pouch-anal @entity254 : an Irish perspective.

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic sepsis']

answer: @entity5042 :: (MESH:D019449,Disease) :: ['pouchitis']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity1579 such as @entity3605 represent a unique infection control problem because prions exhibit an unusual resistance to conventional chemical and physical decontamination methods. This paper reviews the recent literature and provides recommendations for the prevention of nosocomial transmission of prion agents. RECENT FINDINGS: Recommendations to prevent the cross-transmission of infection from medical devices potentially contaminated with prions have been based primarily on prion inactivation studies. Newer recommendations consider inactivation data, but also use epidemiological studies of prion transmission, the infectivity of @entity1 tissues, and the efficacy of removing microbes by cleaning. Prion-specific disinfection/sterilization is required in only limited settings. Healthcare workers are not at risk of acquiring transmissible spongiform @entity75 . Blood or blood products have not been demonstrated to be vehicles for transmission. SUMMARY: On the basis of scientific data, only critical (e.g. surgical instruments) and semicritical devices contaminated with high-risk tissue (i.e. brain, spinal cord, eye) from high-risk @entity1 (e.g. with known or suspected @entity3605 ) require special treatment.

title: Managing the risk of nosocomial transmission of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3605 :: ('MESH:D007562', 'Disease') :: ['Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathies']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['Prion diseases']

answer: @entity1579 :: (MESH:D017096,Disease) :: ['prion diseases']


abstract: Interferon-alpha ( @entity3027 ) can induce apoptosis, a process regulated by a complex network of cell factors. Among these, @entity49980 ( @entity49980 ) is peculiar because its activity is modulated by the post-translational formation of the @entity535 @entity49981 . Here we report the effects of @entity3027 and @entity4179 ( @entity4179 ) on apoptosis and @entity49980 activity in @entity1 epidermoid oropharyngeal KB and lung H1355 @entity5 cells. We found that 48-h exposure to 1000 and 2000 IU/ml @entity3027 induced about 50% growth inhibition and apoptosis in H1355 and KB cells, respectively, and the addition of @entity4179 completely antagonized this effect. When @entity3027 induced apoptosis, a hyperactivation of @entity12363 and @entity3963 signalling and a decrease of the @entity49981 -containing form and, thus, of @entity49980 activity were recorded. The latter effect was again antagonized by the addition of @entity4179 to @entity3027 -pretreated cells, probably through the activation of the @entity4179 --> @entity3963 -dependent pathway, since the addition of the specific @entity12363 inhibitor @entity4286 abrogated the recovery of intracellular @entity49981 content induced by @entity4179 in @entity3027 -pretreated @entity5 cells. Subsequently, we evaluated if the @entity49981 synthesis inhibitor (and @entity49980 inactivator) @entity67215 (GC7) synergized with @entity3027 in the induction of cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. The analysis of the isobologram of @entity3027 and GC7 demonstrated a strong synergism between the two drugs in inducing cell growth inhibition. We also found that GC7 and @entity3027 had a synergistic effect on apoptosis. These data suggest that the apoptosis induced by @entity3027 could be regulated by @entity49980 that, therefore, could represent a useful target for the potentiation of @entity3027 antitumor activity.

title: The @entity49980 is involved in the regulation of proliferation and apoptosis induced by interferon-alpha and @entity4179 in @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity67215 :: ('MESH:C100667', 'Chemical') :: ['N1-guanyl-1,7-diaminoheptane']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor', 'EGF']

entities_list: @entity49981 :: ('CHEBI:21858', 'Chemical') :: ['hypusine']

entities_list: @entity49980 :: ('1984', 'Gene') :: ['eukaryotic initiation factor-5A', 'eIF-5A']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Common variable @entity465 may be complicated by @entity401 , which leads to worsened morbidity and mortality in some. Although immunomodulatory treatment has efficacy, choice of @entity1 , duration of treatment, and long-term follow-up are not available. @entity401 appears stable in certain instances, so it is not known whether all @entity1 will develop progressive disease or require immunomodulatory therapy. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine if all common variable @entity465 @entity1 with @entity401 have physiological worsening, and if clinical and/or laboratory parameters may correlate with disease progression. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York was conducted for referred @entity1 with common variable @entity465 , CT scan-confirmed @entity401 , and periodic pulmonary function testing covering 20 or more months before immunomodulatory therapy. Fifteen @entity1 were identified from the retrospective review and included in this study. RESULTS: Of the 15 @entity1 with common variable @entity465 , 9 had physiological worsening of @entity401 adapted from consensus guidelines, associated with significant reductions in forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity, and diffusion capacity of the lung for @entity1223 . Those with progressive @entity358 also had significantly lower mean immunoglobulin G levels, greater increases and highest levels of serum immunoglobulin M (IgM), and more significant @entity882 . CONCLUSION: @entity401 resulted in physiological worsening in many, but not all subjects, and was associated with suboptimal immunoglobulin G replacement. Those with worsening pulmonary function tests, elevated IgM, and severe @entity882 episodes appear to be at highest risk for progressive disease. Such @entity1 may benefit from immunomodulatory treatment.

title: Progression of Common Variable Immunodeficiency XXXX Accompanies Distinct Pulmonary and Laboratory Findings.

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenic', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['Interstitial lung disease', 'interstitial lung disease']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['Interstitial Lung Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A comparison was made between the endogenous @entity1223 (CO) production in mechanically ventilated critically ill adult @entity1 with, and those without, severe @entity295 . DESIGN: Prospective comparative study. SETTING: Medical ICU in a community hospital. @entity1 : Twenty-four @entity1 with severe @entity295 of various etiologies and five control @entity1 with varying diagnoses. INTERVENTION: CO concentration was determined with an infrared CO analyzer on exhaled breath collected at the outlet of the ventilator. Endogenous CO production was estimated by the lung CO excretion rate measured at steady state. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: : Endogenous CO production was higher in the @entity295 group during the first 3 days of treatment in comparison to the control group (10.9+/-5 (SD) microl/kg per h on day 1, 7.8+/-4.9 microl/kg per h on day 2 and 6.9+/-4.7 microl/kg per h on day 3 versus 2.1+/-0.5 microl/kg per h; p<0.01 for each comparison). Survivors of @entity295 had a significantly higher endogenous CO production on day 1 compared to non-survivors (14.7+/-5.3 versus 8.5+/-3.3 microl/kg per h; p=0.02). CONCLUSION: Endogenous CO production was significantly higher in mechanically ventilated @entity1 suffering from severe @entity295 . Further studies are required in order to determine the mechanism(s) and the functional significance of this increase.

title: Increased endogenous XXXX production in severe @entity295 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

answer: @entity1223 :: (MESH:D002248,Chemical) :: ['carbon monoxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare treatment patterns of intravitreal ranibizumab and aflibercept for the management of neovascular age-related @entity1020 (nAMD) in a real-world setting over the first 12 months of treatment. METHODS: A proprietary clinical database was used to identify treatment-na  ve @entity1 with nAMD in the USA with claims for ranibizumab or aflibercept between November 1, 2011 and November 30, 2013 and with follow-up of at least 12 months. @entity1 were considered treatment-na  ve if they had no anti- @entity7 treatment code for 6 months before the index date. Mean numbers of injections and of non-injection visits to a treating physician were compared between the two treatment cohorts (ranibizumab or aflibercept). In addition, the mean interval between doses was also investigated. RESULTS: @entity1 characteristics were similar for those receiving either ranibizumab (n = 5421) or aflibercept (n = 3506) at the index date. The mean (   standard deviation) numbers of injections received by @entity1 treated with ranibizumab (4.9    3.3) or aflibercept (5.2    2.9) were not clinically different. The mean number of non-injection visits was 2.8    2.8 and 2.1    2.5 for ranibizumab and aflibercept, respectively. Mean dosing interval was 51.0 days (   41.8 days) in @entity1 receiving ranibizumab and 54.1 days (   36.0 days) in those receiving aflibercept. Results were robust to sensitivity analyses for definition of treatment-na  ve, length of follow-up and treatment in the index eye only. CONCLUSIONS: Limited data exist regarding real-world treatment patterns of aflibercept for the management of nAMD. Our results suggest that, in routine clinical practice, @entity1 receive a comparable number of injections in the first year of treatment with ranibizumab or aflibercept.

title: Treatment Frequency and Dosing Interval of Ranibizumab and Aflibercept for Neovascular Age-Related XXXX in Routine Clinical Practice in the USA.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['Macular Degeneration']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Vesical explosion during transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is a very rare occurrence. Very few cases have been reported in the literature. The literature was reviewed pertaining to the etiology of @entity1494 explosion during transurethral resection. The underlying mechanism for intravesical explosion is the generation and trapping of explosive gasses under the @entity1494 which eventually detonates when it comes into contact with the cautery electrode during TURP. Various techniques have been suggested to prevent this dreaded complication. A 75-year-old male with chronic retention of urine underwent TURP. There was Grade 2 trilobar enlargement of the prostate. There were @entity7261 with one large diverticulum in the @entity1494 . During hemostasis, there was a loud pop sound and the @entity1494 exploded. Lower midline laparotomy was performed and the intraperitoneal @entity1494 was repaired. He had an uneventful postoperative recovery, and he is asymptomatic at 6 months of follow-up. Even though all the precautions were taken to avoid this complication, @entity1494 was encountered. The presence of @entity7261 is being suggested as an additional risk factor for this complication as the @entity1494 is thinned out and also possibly due to trapping of air bubble within the diverticulum. In such cases where there are multiple @entity1494 , the employment of a suprapubic trocar for continuous drainage of the air bubble, could well be a practical consideration.

title: Bladder explosion during transurethral resection of prostate: Bladder XXXX as an additional risk factor.

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder', 'bladder diverticula', 'dome of the bladder', 'bladder rupture']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['multiple diverticula']

answer: @entity7261 :: (MESH:D004240,Disease) :: ['diverticula']


abstract: The effects of isometric contractions and @entity400 stretching on muscle-tendon mechanics and muscle activity were studied in 16 healthy @entity1 volunteers. First, peak concentric and @entity400 @entity3681 moment data were recorded on an isokinetic dynamometer with electromyographic monitoring of the triceps surae; real-time motion analysis of the lower leg and ultrasound imaging of the Achilles-medial gastrocnemius muscle-tendon junction were simultaneously conducted. Second, the subjects performed six 8-s maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) before repeating the @entity400 and active trials. Although there was no decrease in isometric joint moment after MVICs, peak concentric moment was significantly reduced (11.5%, P < 0.01). This was accompanied by, and correlated with (r = 0.90, P < 0.01), significant reductions in peak triceps surae electromyographic amplitude (21.0%, P < 0.01). Achilles tendon stiffness (10.9%, P < 0.01) and @entity400 joint moment (4.9%, P < 0.01) were also significantly reduced. Third, the subjects performed three 60-s static plantar flexor stretches before being retested 2 and 30 min after stretch. The stretch protocol caused no significant change in any measure. At 30 min after stretching, significant recovery in concentric moment and muscle activity was detected at dorsiflexed joint angles, while Achilles tendon stiffness and @entity400 joint moment remained significantly reduced. These data show that the performance of MVICs interrupts the normal stretch-induced losses in active and @entity4094 , largely because concentric strength and tendon properties were already affected. Importantly, the decrease in Achilles tendon stiffness remained 30 min later, which may be an important etiological factor for muscle- @entity1796 risk.

title: Isometric contractions reduce XXXX but remove the subsequent effects of stretch.

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['passive plantar flexor joint moment and neuromuscular activity']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle joint']

entities_list: @entity1796 :: ('MESH:D013708', 'Disease') :: ['tendon strain injury']

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['plantar flexor moment, Achilles tendon stiffness, and neuromuscular activity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity56 have become a major public health concern worldwide. No Nigerian study has examined the epidemiology of @entity56 among @entity1 . AIM: To document the prevalence, risk factors and the changes in the symptoms of @entity56 during pregnancy. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Cross-sectional study conducted at the booking and antenatal clinics of LAUTECH Teaching Hospital and Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Clinic of the Comprehensive Health Center, Oja Igbo, Ogbomoso, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study enrolled 432 @entity1 from two public hospitals. Sociodemographic and clinical history were obtained and @entity56 were diagnosed using ISAAC questionnaires. RESULTS: The prevalence of wheezing, @entity484 and @entity2490 in pregnancy are 7.5%, 4.0% and 5.8% respectively. The prevalence of wheezing and @entity484 was slightly higher among the pregnant in past 12 months. Wheeze worsened in 70% (18/26), improved in 15% (2/26), and stable in 15% (2/26). @entity484 worsened in 50% (7/14), improved in 7.1% (1/14) and stable in 42.9% (6/14), @entity2023 worsened in 50% (11/22), improved in 22.7% (5/22) and stabilized in 27.3 % (6/22). In multivariate analysis, the risk of @entity56 in pregnancy was increase 2 times by low income earning (CI: 1.2 - 2.1, p = 0.002), low level education (OR = 0.6, CI: 0.3 - 0.9, p = 0.011) and by family history of @entity565 , OR-4.3, CI - 1.3 - 13.9, p = 0.015. Family history of @entity565 increase the chances of @entity565 by 18.7 times, CI-2.3 - 152.2, p = 0.006, while the odd of @entity484 was increased 9.1 times (CI-2.7 - 30.6, p<0.001) and 2.4 times (CI: 1.2 - 4.7, p = 0.008) by second hand home smoking and low-family income respectively. The risk of @entity2023 were raised 1.8 times by low family income (CI 1.1 - 2.8, p = 0.013) and 3.9 times by family history of @entity2490 (OR = 3.9, CI 1.2 - 12.7, p = 0.024). CONCLUSION: Prevalence of wheezing and @entity484 are higher in pregnancy probably due to exacerbation induced by pregnancy. Social and genetic factors are important risk factors for @entity56 in pregnancy.

title: The Prevalence, Risk Factors and Changes in Symptoms of Self Reported Asthma, @entity2490 and XXXX Among Pregnant @entity1 in Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['while allergic rhinitis', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disorders', 'allergic diseases', 'Allergic disorders']

entities_list: @entity484 :: ('MESH:D004485', 'Disease') :: ['eczema', 'Eczema']

answer: @entity484 :: (MESH:D004485,Disease) :: ['Eczema']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) accounts for less than 3% of all @entity1778 , hence, data on @entity2213 (IM) in adult @entity1860 @entity1 has been largely extrapolated to @entity1 . We have analyzed our data to add to the existing literature. AIMS: Primary objective is to assess the progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary objective are cytogenetic response, @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), and @entity137 . SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This is a retrospective analysis from the case records from a single institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional ethics committee approval was obtained. All the @entity1 diagnosed @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) aged less than 18 years registered between 2000 and 2009 were enrolled. All the @entity1 were started on IM at 260 mg/m(2). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Kaplan-Meier curves were used to calculate the PFS and @entity1349 . RESULTS: There were 64 @entity1 with median age of 13 years (range, 1-18) with male predominance (male:female (M: F) - 1.85:1). Sixty-one @entity1 (95.4%) achieved @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) at median of 8 weeks. Thirty-seven (57.8%) @entity1 had evaluation of cytogenetic response and were subjects for outcome analysis. The median time to best cytogenetic response evaluation was 13 months (range, 4-52). Twenty-nine @entity1 (78.3%) achieved complete cytogenetic response (CCyR). At a median follow-up of 36 months (range 5-75), 21 (56.8%) remained progression free and 35 (94.5%) are alive. Adverse events were tolerable. CONCLUSIONS: PFS at a median follow-up of 36 months is 56.8% and @entity1349 94.5%.

title: Response to @entity2213 in XXXX in chronic phase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['complete hematological response', 'CHR']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['childhood leukemias']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'CML in chronic phase', 'CML-CP', 'Childhood chronic myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['childhood chronic myeloid leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite more aggressive salvage regimens, the prognosis of refractory @entity981 ( @entity981 ) is still poor. Hence, alternative approaches are warranted in heavily pretreated @entity1 . Some studies suggest the enhancement of @entity786 (CY) activity when given by continuous infusion. METHODS: To evaluate the effectiveness of this scheduling in refractory @entity981 , we treated 15 adult @entity1 (4 primary resistant, 11 relapsed and refractory to salvage regimens) with a seven-day course of CY 350 mg/m2/day by continuous i.v. infusion, associated with @entity1891 , @entity5538 - @entity34899 and @entity229 . RESULTS: The median time for hematologic recovery was 18 days, with negligible extramedullary @entity137 . Two @entity1 died while aplastic, 3 were non responders, 10 (66%) achieved complete remission after the first cycle. The response duration ranged from 5 to 32 (median 14) weeks, and the median survival of responders was 23 weeks. It is noteworthy that half of the responding @entity1 had been resistant to prior CY in different schedules and other drug combinations. CONCLUSIONS: These data seem to confirm that CY exerts its best antineoplastic activity by continuous infusion.

title: Continuous-infusion @entity786 plus XXXX , @entity5538 - @entity34899 and @entity229 for refractory @entity981 in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity34899 :: ('CHEBI:22601', 'Chemical') :: ['arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity5538 :: ('MESH:D003596', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity1891 :: (MESH:D014750,Chemical) :: ['vincristine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Our objectives were a) to identify univariate correlates of @entity204 in emergency department @entity1 at risk for @entity281 ; b) to perform multivariate analyses and identify independent predictors of @entity204 ; and c) to develop and internally validate a prediction rule that may be used in the emergency department to risk stratify @entity1 into different risk groups to predict their mortality rate. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Emergency department of an urban university referral center. @entity1 : Consecutive emergency department @entity1 , aged 18 or older, who were at risk for @entity281 , as indicated by the emergency department physician ordering a blood culture between February 1, 2000, and February 1, 2001. Of 3,301 eligible @entity1 visits, 3,179 (96%) were enrolled. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary outcome was 28-day in-hospital mortality rate. There were 2,070 visits in the derivation set, with 110 @entity204 (5.3%), and 1,109 visits in the validation set, with 63 @entity204 (5.7%). Independent multivariate predictors of @entity204 were @entity221 (odds ratio, 6.1; 95% confidence interval, 3.6-10.2), @entity7405 or @entity519 (2.7, 1.6-4.3), @entity326 (2.7, 1.2-5.7), platelet count <150,000 (2.5, 1.5-4.3), band proportion >5% (2.3, 1.5-3.5), age >65 (2.2, 1.3-3.6), lower @entity1729 (1.9, 1.2-3.0), nursing home residence (1.9, 1.2-3.0), and @entity1032 (1.6, 1.0-2.6). The clinical prediction rule stratified @entity1 into mortality risk groups of very low, 0.9% (95% confidence interval, 0.2-1.5%); low, 2.0% (0.8-3.2%); moderate, 7.8% (5.6-10%); high, 20% (13-27%); and very high, 50% (36.1-64%) in the derivation set. Mortality rates for the corresponding risk groups in the validation set were 1.1%, 4.4%, 9.3%, 16%, and 39%, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic area for the rule was 0.82 in the derivation set and 0.78 in the validation set. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with suspected @entity281 , this model identifies significant correlates of @entity204 and allows stratification of @entity1 according to mortality risk. As new therapies become available for @entity1 with @entity295 syndromes, the ability to predict mortality risk may be helpful in triage and treatment decisions.

title: @entity295 ( XXXX ) score: a prospectively derived and validated clinical prediction rule.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['altered mental status']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity7405 :: ('MESH:D059246', 'Disease') :: ['tachypnea']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['terminal illness']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['MEDS']


abstract: Platelet-activating factor ( @entity5567 ) is a phospholipid involved in reproductive physiology. @entity5567 receptor is expressed in some @entity1 spermatozoa species where it plays a role in these germ-cell-specific processes. The aim of this study is to identify @entity5567 receptor in Iberian @entity1707 spermatozoa and to evaluate @entity5567 's effects on motility, viability and acrosome reaction. Semen samples from Iberian boars were used. @entity5567 receptor identification was performed by Western blotting. Spermatozoa motility was analysed by computer-assisted sperm analysis system, whereas spermatozoa viability and acrosome reaction were evaluated by flow cytometry. Different @entity5567 concentrations added to non-capacitating medium during 60 min have no effect on any spermatozoa @entity1319 measured. Acrosome reaction was rapid and potently induced by 1  m @entity460 ionophore @entity3365 showing an effect at 60 min and maximum at 240 min. @entity5567 added to a capacitating medium is not able to induce spermatozoa acrosome reaction at any time studied. However, @entity5567 , in the presence of @entity3365 , significantly accelerates and enhances the @entity460 -induced acrosome reaction in a concentration-dependent @entity12179 . Exogenous @entity5567 does not affect at all spermatozoa viability, whereas slightly exacerbated the @entity3365 -induced loss in viability. This work demonstrates that @entity5567 receptor is expressed in Iberian @entity1707 spermatozoa and that its stimulation by @entity5567 regulates the @entity460 -induced acrosome reaction. This work contributes to further elucidate the physiological regulation of the most relevant spermatozoa functions for successful fertilization: acrosome reaction.

title: Platelet-activating factor in Iberian XXXX spermatozoa: receptor expression and role as enhancer of the @entity460 -induced acrosome reaction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity12179 :: ('OMIM:102530', 'Disease') :: ['manner in Iberian boar spermatozoa']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['motility parameter']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: @entity356 , characterized by poor prognosis, remains a global health problem. Thus, it is important to describe the biological factors which can affect the prognosis in this disorder. The aim of our study was the determination of the relationship between apoptotic index (AI) and other clinicopathological features (Ki67 labeling index = Ki-67 @entity3162 , neovascularity defined as @entity2280 immunoreactivity - intratumoral microvessel density = IMVD, @entity876 immunopositivity, grade of @entity5 , histological type, depth of @entity5 invasion, lymph node status) in 49 cases of @entity356 . Recognition of apoptotic cells was performed applying the terminal deoxynucleotydil transferase mediated @entity1977 -digoxigenin nick end labeling technique (TUNEL). Among the @entity5 , 30 were intestinal type and 19 were diffuse type, including 17 cases of well and moderately differentiated @entity5 ( @entity2818 ) and 32 poorly differentiated @entity5 (G3). Apoptotic index was determined in all the examined @entity5 , and the mean value of AI was 5.8% +/- 4.7%. We found a significant relationship between AI, grade of @entity5 and Ki-67 @entity3162 . Significantly higher AI -8.1% +/- 5.7% was observed in @entity5 in comparison to 4.7 +/- 3.8% (p<0.05) in G3 @entity5 . In @entity5 with high proliferative potential (above mean value of Ki-67 @entity3162 -29.77% +/- 24.9%) we observed higher apoptotic index, mean value 7.9% +/- 5.7%, and in @entity5 with low proliferation (Ki-67 @entity3162 below 29%) mean AI was 4.4% +/- 3.7% (p<0.05). The @entity876 positive immunoreactivity was found in 30 out of 49 cases (mean AI = 6.75% +/- 4.8%). No apparent correlation between AI, histopathological type of @entity356 , lymph node status and @entity876 and @entity2280 immunoreactivity was found.

title: Extent of spontaneous apoptosis in @entity356 : relation to proliferative index, XXXX expression, @entity2280 expression and histopathological features.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['G1-G2 tumours', 'tumours', 'malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma', 'Gastric cancer']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze survival, clinical responses, compliance, and adverse effects in locally advanced @entity135 (LAHNC) @entity1 treated with split-dose @entity900 -based concurrent chemoradiation therapy (SD-CCRT) or cetuximab with concurrent radiation therapy (BioRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 170 LAHNC @entity1 diagnosed between January 1, 2009, and July 31, 2012: 116 received CCRT and 54 received BioRT. RESULTS: Complete response rates were similar in the SD-CCRT and BioRT groups (63.8% versus 59.3%; P = 0.807), and locoregional relapse rates were 18.1% and 13.0%, respectively (P = 0.400). The 3-year relapse-free survival rate was 65.8% in the SD-CCRT group and 65.5% in the BioRT group, respectively (P = 0.647). The 3-year overall survival rate was 78.5% in the SD-CCRT group and 70.9% in the BioRT group, respectively (P = 0.879). Hematologic side effects were significantly more frequent in the SD-CCRT than in the BioRT group. @entity33 frequency was similar. CONCLUSIONS: Primary SD-CCRT and BioRT both showed good clinical response and survival. Hematologic @entity137 were more frequent, but tolerable, in the SD-CCRT group. Both groups showed good compliance.

title: XXXX -based chemotherapy versus cetuximab in concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced @entity135 treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['Mucositis']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['Cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the last years, Wnt signaling was demonstrated to regulate inflammatory processes. In particular, an increased expression of Wnts and Frizzled receptors was reported in @entity29 ( @entity29 ) and @entity31 to exert both anti- and pro-inflammatory functions regulating the intestinal activated nuclear factor kB (NF-  B), @entity1505 release, and @entity13358 expression. METHODS: To investigate the role of Wnt pathway in the response of the enteric nervous system (ENS) to @entity32 , neurons and glial cells from @entity35 myenteric plexus were treated with exogenous @entity6035 and/or @entity558 with or without supporting neurotrophic factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), @entity8160 ( @entity8160 ), and @entity10157 ( @entity10157 ). The immunophenotypical characterization by flow cytometry and the protein and gene expression analysis by qPCR and Western blotting were carried out. RESULTS: Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining evidenced that enteric neurons coexpressed @entity66125 and @entity7942 ( @entity7942 ) while glial cells were immunoreactive to @entity7942 and @entity6035 suggesting that canonical Wnt signaling is active in ENS. Under in vitro @entity558 treatment, Western blot analysis demonstrated an active cross talk between canonical Wnt signaling and NF-  B pathway that is essential to negatively control enteric neuronal response to inflammatory stimuli. Upon costimulation with @entity558 and @entity6035 , a significant anti-inflammatory activity was detected by RT-PCR based on an increased @entity13358 expression and a downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines @entity1505 , @entity3426 , and @entity568 ( @entity568 ). When the availability of neurotrophic factors in ENS cultures was abolished, a changed cell reactivity by Wnt signaling was observed at basal conditions and after @entity558 treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggested the existence of neuronal surveillance through @entity66125 and @entity6035 in enteric myenteric plexus. Moreover, experimental evidences were provided to clarify the correlation among soluble trophic factors, Wnt signaling, and anti-inflammatory protection of ENS.

title: Anti-inflammatory activity of Wnt signaling in enteric nervous system: in vitro preliminary evidences in XXXX primary cultures.

entities_list: @entity8160 :: ('25313(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['EGF', 'epithelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity10157 :: ('25453(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GDNF', 'glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intraoperative frozen section procedure may be required in some operations performed for breast masses. AIMS: We investigated the effect of frozen section procedure on the immunoprofile of @entity0 cells. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: A total of 53 @entity0 cases evaluated with intraoperative frozen sections were included in this study. Immunohistochemically, @entity2931 (ER), @entity1420 (PR) and @entity1722 primary antibodies were evaluated in both frozen and non-frozen sections of each @entity5 sample. RESULTS: No difference was found between the frozen and non-frozen sections in 33 cases in terms of staining rate and intensity of ER, PR and @entity1722 . A decrease was found in the ER, PR and @entity1722 staining rate (in 10 cases, 9 cases and 6 cases, respectively). Likewise, a decrease was detected in ER, PR and @entity1722 staining intensity in 6 @entity1 for each. Although there was no staining in frozen sections, immunopositivity was observed in 3 non-frozen sections for ER, in 2 for PR and in 5 for @entity1722 . Statistically, a significant difference was found between the frozen and non-frozen sections in terms of staining rate and intensity for each of the three markers. CONCLUSION: In this study, the frozen section procedure in @entity0 had a negative effect on the immunoprofile. However, considering the importance of hormone receptor status in the treatment, these results should be supported with larger series.

title: The effect of freezing on the immunoprofile of XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: Microalgae are important primary producers in the marine ecosystem and excellent sources of lipids and other bioactive compounds. The marine diatom @entity34466 accumulates @entity7784 ( @entity8393 , 20:5n-3) as its major component of @entity1718 . To improve the @entity8393 production, delta 5 desaturase, which plays a role in @entity8393 biosynthetic pathway, was characterized in @entity34466 . An annotated delta 5 desaturase PtD5b gene was cloned and overexpressed in @entity34466 . The transgene was integrated into the genome demonstrated by Southern blot, and the overexpression of PtD5b was verified by qPCR and Western blot analysis. @entity844 composition exhibited a significant increase in the @entity1474 . @entity6221 ( @entity8981 ) and @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) showed an increase of 75% and 64%, respectively. In particular, @entity8393 showed an increase of 58% in engineered microalgae. Meanwhile, neutral lipid content showed an increase up to 65% in engineered microalgae. More importantly, engineered cells showed a similar growth rate with the wild type, thus keeping high biomass productivity. This work provides an effective way to improve the production of microalgal value-added bioproducts by metabolic engineering.

title: Delta 5 @entity844 desaturase upregulates the synthesis of XXXX in the marine diatom @entity34466 .

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['Fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity34466 :: ('2850', 'Species') :: ['Phaeodactylum tricornutum', 'P. tricornutum']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids', 'unsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity6221 :: ('MESH:D005229', 'Chemical') :: ['Monounsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1474 :: (MESH:D005231,Chemical) :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Urinary @entity1011 excretion is used as a marker of completeness of timed urine collections, which are a keystone of several metabolic evaluations in clinical investigations and epidemiological surveys. The current reference values for 24-hour urinary @entity1011 excretion rely on observations performed in the 1960s and 1970s in relatively small and mostly selected groups, and may thus poorly fit to the present-day general European population. The aim of this study was to establish and validate anthropometry-based age- and sex-specific reference values of the 24-hour urinary @entity1011 excretion on adult populations with preserved renal function. METHODS: We used data from two independent Swiss cross-sectional population-based studies with standardised 24-hour urinary collection and measured anthropometric variables. Only data from adults of European descent, with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >= 60  ml/ @entity1009 .73  m(2) and reported completeness of the urinary collection were retained. A linear regression model was developed to predict centiles of the 24-hour urinary @entity1011 excretion in 1,137 @entity1 from the Swiss Survey on Salt and validated in 994 @entity1 from the Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in @entity101 . RESULTS: The mean urinary @entity1011 excretion was 193        41   mol/kg/24  hours in @entity1 and 151        38   mol/kg/24  hours in @entity1 in the Swiss Survey on Salt. The values were inversely correlated with age and body mass index (BMI). Based on current reference values (177 to 221   mol/kg/24  hours in @entity1 and 133 to 177   mol/kg/24  hours in @entity1 ), 56% of the urinary collections in the whole population and 67% in @entity1 >60  years old would have been considered as inaccurate. A linear regression model with sex, BMI and age as predictor variables was found to provide the best prediction of the observed values and showed a good fit when applied to the validation population. CONCLUSIONS: We propose a validated prediction equation for 24-hour urinary @entity1011 excretion in the general European population, based on readily available variables such as age, sex and BMI, and a few derived normograms to ease its clinical application. This should help healthcare providers to interpret the completeness of a 24-hour urine collection in daily clinical practice and in epidemiological population studies.

title: New anthropometry-based age- and sex-specific reference values for urinary 24-hour XXXX excretion based on the adult Swiss population.

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity63 and reperfusion (i-I/R) is an insult associated with @entity649 ( @entity649 ). Herein we evaluate the dose-response effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on @entity55 induced by i-I/R. METHODS: @entity19 were subjected to @entity432 (45 min) and killed after clamp release and intestinal reperfusion (2h). Increasing doses (1, 3, 5 and 7,5 J/cm(2)) of laser irradiation (660 nm) was carried out on the @entity19 skin over the upper bronchus for 5 min after initiating reperfusion. Neutrophils activation was determined by @entity10873 ( @entity10873 ) activity. The mRNA expression and protein concentration of inflammatory mediators @entity635 , @entity777 , TNF and @entity1618 in lung were measured by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS: With exception of 1J/cm(2), LLLT reduced @entity10873 activity as well as @entity635 levels in the lungs from inflamed @entity19 . LLLT was also markedly effective in reducing both @entity777 and TNF expression and levels in the lungs from @entity19 submitted to i-I/R in all laser doses studied. Otherwise, LLLT significantly increased the protein levels of @entity1618 in inflamed @entity19 by i-I/R; however only in the dose of 1J/cm(2). CONCLUSION: We conclude that the LLLT is able to control the neutrophils activation and proinflammatorycytokines release into the lungs in a model of i-I/R in @entity19 .

title: Low-level laser therapy attenuates the @entity10873 activity and inflammatory mediator generation in @entity55 induced by gut XXXX and reperfusion: a dose-response study.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric artery occlusion']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: Access to readily available autogenous tissue that regenerates bone would greatly improve clinical care. We believe the osteogenic phenotype caused by mutations in @entity20358 can be harnessed in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to improve bone tissue engineering. We set out to demonstrate that @entity20358 may serve as a novel target to (a) improve in vitro ASC osteogenic differentiation and (b) enhance in vivo bone regeneration and @entity9332 . @entity19 were designed using the Cre/ @entity5559 system to express constitutively active @entity20358 (caALK2) with ubiquitously inducible Cre expression after @entity440 exposure. ASCs from caALK2+/- and caALK2-/- (control) @entity19 were exposed to @entity440 and assessed for pro-osteogenic gene expression, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, and osteogenic differentiation. Next, ASCs collected from these @entity19 were analyzed in vivo using a @entity9332 model and analyzed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histology. ASCs from caALK2+/- @entity19 had increased BMP signaling as demonstrated by upregulation of pSmad 1/5. ASCs from caALK2+/- @entity19 had enhanced bone signaling and osteogenic differentiation compared with caALK2-/- @entity19 (n = 4, p < .05). Transcription of pro-osteogenic genes at day 7 was significantly higher in ASCs from caALK2-overexpressing @entity19 (Alp, @entity2447 , Ocn, @entity1189 ) (n = 4, p < .05). Using micro-CT and histomorphometry, we found that bone formation was significantly higher in @entity19 treated with caALK2-expressing ASCs in vivo. Using a novel transgenic @entity19 model, we show that expression of constitutively active @entity20358 receptor results in significantly increased ASC osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this increased ASC differentiation can be harnessed to improve @entity9332 .

title: Targeting of @entity20358 , a Receptor for Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Using the Cre/ XXXX System to Enhance Osseous Regeneration by Adipose-Derived Stem Cells.

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Transgenic mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity9332 :: ('MESH:C537963', 'Disease') :: ['calvarial defect', 'calvarial healing']

answer: @entity5559 :: (16948(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['lox']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity96 ( @entity96 ) is a common @entity5 worldwide, especially in developing countries. Several previous studies using different datasets have summarized @entity96 incidence rates and trends in different populations. However, with changes in exposure to risk factors and the implementation of preventive measures, the epidemiology of @entity96 worldwide may have changed. METHODS: We extended the analyses using the latest data from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents over the 35-year period 1973-2007 from 24 populations in Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania using Joinpoint regression analysis. We examined age-standardized rates (ASRs) of @entity96 by histologic subtypes for both males and females in 24 populations during the period 2003-2007. RESULTS: We found that during the period 2003-2007, the highest ASRs for @entity96 were observed in some Asian populations, ranging from 19.0 to 26.7 per 100,000 in males and 4.8 to 8.7 per 100,000 in females. The international trends between 1973 and 2007 showed that ASRs for @entity96 were declining in several Asian populations. In contrast, ASRs for @entity96 were increasing in some European, American and Oceanian populations. CONCLUSIONS: Although the reasons were not fully clear for these trends, public health measures in Asian populations and @entity3531 transmission in European, American and Oceanian populations were likely to have contributed to these patterns. Meanwhile, other possible risk factors such as the consumption of alcohol, @entity28 , and @entity1561 should also be concerned for the burden of @entity96 .

title: International trends in primary liver XXXX incidence from 1973 to 2007.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['PLC', 'Primary liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: 1. @entity2642 and bases in physiological fluids result from metabolism of nucleic acids and @entity2036 and from dietary sources. As @entity377 catabolism increases during tissue injury, @entity2642 and bases could serve as useful biochemical markers in @entity625 . 2. We have quantified @entity2642 and bases in synovial fluid and plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography in order to examine whether @entity377 metabolism is increased in @entity1 with @entity309 and @entity571 . 3. At least ten u.v.-absorbing compounds were detected in plasma and synovial fluid; only urate, @entity1011 , @entity3625 and @entity6683 were present in identifiable and quantifiable amounts. 4. In synovial fluid from @entity1 with @entity309 the concentration of @entity3625 was increased and that of urate decreased compared with @entity571 . 5. These data suggest that there is an increase in @entity10043 metabolism in the @entity309 joint and that @entity3625 is a potential marker of @entity603 .

title: @entity2642 and bases in synovial fluid from @entity1 with @entity309 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2642 :: ('MESH:D009705', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleosides', 'Nucleosides']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: FV inhibitors are a largely preventable @entity1003 in which the frequency is increasing in clinical practice. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Three cases associated with our institution are reported. A systematic review of the MEDLINE database was performed, and reference lists were reviewed to identify relevant publications. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-six cases of FV inhibitors have been reported in the world's literature. Eighty-seven have been reported in the last decade, of which two thirds are due to exposure to @entity291 @entity9900 . @entity291 @entity9900 -associated FV antibodies develop in 40 to 66 percent of cardiac surgery @entity1 and in 20 percent of neurosurgery @entity1 . Thirty-three percent of reported @entity1 developed @entity548 complications. Inhibitors persisted on average 2.3 months. Standard coagulation assays do not reliably predict clinical manifestations. Multimodality therapy, including immunosuppression, is useful for treatment of symptomatic @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: FV inhibitors are a common complication of @entity291 @entity9900 exposure that can have devastating clinical consequences. Transfusion medicine specialists and hematologists can play a critical role in reducing the incidence of FV inhibitors by educating the medical community about safer alternative fibrin sealants.

title: Acquired FV inhibitors: a needless iatrogenic complication of @entity291 XXXX exposure.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic coagulopathy']

answer: @entity9900 :: (280685(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['thrombin']


abstract: The availability of colon provides a ready source of @entity1 neurons. Among the products of nerve cell bodies, vasoactive intestinal peptide is a neuropeptide that serves as a marker of non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory nerves in colon. These nerves have been proposed to be involved in regulation of immune function, secretion, and smooth muscle function. In previous work, we identified decreased tissue levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide in a disorder of chronic @entity32 , @entity31 . We hypothesized that diminished gene expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide could result in decreased tissue levels of this neuropeptide. Sigmoid colon was obtained at surgery from controls (n = 6) and @entity1 with @entity31 (n = 6). Vasoactive intestinal peptide mRNA was quantified by Northern blot hybridization and tissue levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide were determined by radioimmunoassay. Tissue vasoactive intestinal peptide was decreased only in the mucosal-submucosal layer of @entity31 (p = .02). There was a single 1.7 kbase vasoactive intestinal peptide transcript identified in both control colon and @entity31 . Normalized vasoactive intestinal peptide mRNA levels were increased by 260% in @entity31 compared to controls (p < .01). These observations suggest that decreased vasoactive intestinal peptide gene expression or abnormal post-transcriptional processing are not primary defects in this @entity32 . The findings support the alternative hypothesis that @entity528 in @entity31 could result in increased expression of neuronal vasoactive intestinal peptide mRNA.

title: Expression of mRNA for vasoactive intestinal peptide in normal XXXX colon and during @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['colonic mucosal inflammation', 'disorder of chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Object T2-weighted intramedullary increased signal intensity (ISI) on MRI in @entity1 with @entity3799 ( @entity3799 ) appears to represent a wide spectrum of pathological changes that determine reversibility of @entity602 . Although sharp T2-weighted ISI on preoperative imaging may correlate with poorer surgical outcomes, there are limited data on how these changes progress following surgery. In this study, the authors characterized pre-and postoperative ISI changes in @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity3799 and studied their postoperative evolution in an attempt to quantify their clinical significance. Methods The preoperative and postoperative MR images obtained in 56 @entity1 who underwent oblique cervical corpectomy for @entity3799 were reviewed, and the ISI was classified into 4 subtypes based on margins and intensity: Type 0 (none), Type 1 ("fuzzy"), Type 2 ("sharp"), and Type 3 ("mixed"). The locations of the ISI were further classified as focal if they represented single discrete lesions, multifocal if there were multiple lesions with intervening normal cord, and multisegmental if the lesions were continuous over more than 1 segment. The maximum craniocaudal length of the ISI was measured on each midsagittal MR image. The Nurick grade and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score were used to assess clinical status. The mean duration of follow-up was 28 months. Results T2-weighted ISI changes were noted preoperatively in 54 @entity1 (96%). Most preoperative ISI changes were Type 1 (41%) or Type 3 (34%), with a significant trend toward Type 2 (71%) changes at follow-up. Multi-segmental and Type 3 lesions tended to regress significantly after surgery (p = 0.000), reducing to Type 2 changes at follow-up. Clinical outcomes did not correlate with ISI subtype; however, there was a statistically significant trend toward improvement in postoperative Nurick Grade in @entity1 with a > 50% regression in ISI size. In addition, @entity1 with more than 18 months of follow-up showed significant regression in ISI size compared with @entity1 imaged earlier. On logistic regression analysis, preoperative Nurick grade and duration of follow-up were the only significant predictors of postoperative improvement in functional status (OR 4.136, p = 0.003, 95% CI 1.623-10.539 and OR 6.402, p = 0.033, 95% CI 1.165-35.176, respectively). Conclusions There is a distinct group of @entity1 with multisegmental Type 3 intramedullary changes who show remarkable radiological regression after surgery but demonstrate a residual sharp focal ISI at follow-up. A regression of the ISI by > 50% predicts better functional outcomes. @entity1 with a good preoperative functional status remain the most likely to show improvement, and the improvement continues to occur even at remote follow-up. The clinical relevance of the quality of the T2-weighted ISI changes in @entity1 with @entity3799 remains uncertain; however, postoperative regression of the ISI change is possibly a more important correlate of @entity1 outcome than the quality of the ISI change alone.

title: The evolution of T2-weighted intramedullary signal changes following ventral decompressive surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord damage']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['CSM', 'cervical spondylotic myelopathy']

answer: @entity3799 :: (MESH:D002575,Disease) :: ['cervical spondylotic myelopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) brachytherapy was originally used with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) to increase the dose to the prostate without injuring the bladder or rectum. Numerous studies have reported @entity1168 brachytherapy is safe and effective. We adapted it for use without EBRT for cases not requiring lymph node treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: We entered the @entity1 demographics, disease characteristics, and treatment parameters into a prospective registry and serially added follow-up data for 448 @entity1 with low-risk (n=288) and intermediate-risk (n=160) @entity263 treated from 1996 to 2009. Their median age was 64  years (range 42-90). The median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 6.0  ng/mL (range 0.2-18.2). The Gleason score was  <=6 in 76% and 7 in 24%. The median dose was 43.5  Gy in 6 fractions. The clinical and biochemical disease control and survival rates were calculated. Adverse events were graded according to the Common @entity137 Criteria of Adverse Events. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 6.5  years (range 0.3-15.3). The actuarial 6- and 10-year PSA progression-free survival was 98.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 96.9%-99.4%) and 97.8% (95% CI 95.5%-98.9%). Overall survival at 10  years was 76.7% (95% CI 69.9%-82.2%). The local control, distant metastasis-free survival, and cause-specific survival were 99.7% (95% CI 97.9%-99.9%), 98.9% (95% CI 96.3%-99.7%), and 99.1% (95% CI 95.8%-99.8%). T stage, initial PSA level, Gleason score, National @entity5 Network risk group, @entity1 age, and @entity342 deprivation therapy did not significantly correlate with disease control or survival. No late grade 3 to 4 rectal toxicities developed. Late grade 3 to 4 genitourinary @entity137 occurred in 4.9% (grade 3 in 4.7%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1168 monotherapy is a safe and highly effective treatment of low- and intermediate-risk @entity263 .

title: High-Dose-Rate Monotherapy for Localized XXXX : 10-Year Results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Comprehensive Cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'High-dose-rate']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Acute @entity8 is a common complication of cardiac surgery. @entity1483 is used in prevention, or treatment, of @entity810 . This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of intra- and early postoperative @entity1483 infusion on preventing @entity810 in elective adult cardiac surgery. METHODS: Eighty-one @entity1 , candidates of elective cardiac surgery, were enrolled in this study in either the @entity1483 (n=41) or placebo (n=40) group. @entity1483 (2 mg/h) or 0.9% saline was administered and continued up to 12 hours postoperatively. We measured serum @entity1011 (Scr) at preoperative and on the second and fifth postoperative days. Then calculated estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at these times. An increase in Scr of >0.5 mg/dL and/or >25%-50%, compared to preoperative values, was considered as @entity810 ( @entity810 ). In contrast, an increase in Scr by >50% and/or the need for hemodialysis was regarded as @entity810 ( @entity810 ). At the end we compared the @entity810 or @entity810 incidence between the two groups. RESULTS: On the second and fifth postoperative days, Scr was lower, and the eGFR was higher in the @entity1483 group. @entity810 incidence was similar in the two groups (11 vs 12 cases; P-value 0.622); however, @entity810 rate was lower in @entity1483 group (1 vs 6 cases; P-value 0.044). During the study period, Scr was more stable in the @entity1483 group, however in the placebo group, Scr initially increased and then decreased to its preoperative value after a few days. CONCLUSION: This study showed that intra- and early postoperative @entity1483 infusion has a renal protective effect in adult cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Although this protective effect cannot be discovered in mild @entity8 , it apparently reduces the rate of the more severe @entity8 . A more multidisciplinary strategy may be needed in reducing the milder @entity8 .

title: Prophylactic XXXX infusion decreasing early major @entity8 in on-pump adult cardiac surgery: a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunctions', 'renal damage', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide', 'Furosemide']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury', 'ARF', 'acute renal dysfunction', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1483 :: (MESH:D005665,Chemical) :: ['furosemide']


abstract: Despite reports showing night discharge from an intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with increased mortality, it is unknown if this has resulted in changes in practice in recent years. Our aim was to determine prevalence, trends and effect on @entity1 outcome of discharge timing from ICU throughout Australia and New Zealand. Two datasets from the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Adult @entity1 Database (ANZICS APD) were examined: (1) All submissions to the APD from 1.1.2003 to 31.12.2004 to determine contemporary practices. (2) Forty hospitals which had submitted continuous data between 1.1.2000 and 31.12.2004 to determine trends in practice over time. Outcomes investigated were hospital mortality and ICU readmission rate. Between 1.1.2003 and 31.12.2004, the ANZICS APD reported 76,690 @entity1 discharged alive from ICU; 13,968 (18.2%) were discharged after-hours (between 1800 and 0559 hours). After-hours discharges had a higher readmission rate (6.3% vs. 5.1%; P < or = 0.0001) and higher mortality (8.0% vs. 5.3%; P = < 0.0001). Peak readmission (8.6%) and mortality rates (9.7%) were seen in @entity1 discharged between 0300 and 0400 hours. After-hours discharge was a predictor of mortality (odds ratio 1.42, 95% confidence interval 1.32-1.52; P= < 0.0001) in multivariate analysis. Between 2000 and 2004, after-hours discharges increased (P = 0.0015) with seasonal peaks during winter The risk of @entity204 increased as the proportion of @entity1 discharged after-hours rose. After-hours discharge from ICU is associated with increased risk of @entity204 and readmission to ICU. It has become more frequent. The risk of @entity204 increases as more after-hours discharges occur.

title: After-hours discharge from intensive care increases the risk of readmission and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient', 'patient']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: We have compared the proliferative and cytotoxic capacities of a highly purified population of recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity5041 )-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC), termed adherent lymphokine-activated killer cells (A- @entity10086 ), in 15 @entity2212 ( @entity2212 ) and 10 @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ) @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) @entity1 . The selective enrichment of @entity1860 A- @entity10086 cells depended on their propensity to adhere to plastic and to proliferate when cultured in the presence of @entity5041 for 14 days. In both @entity2212 and @entity1442 @entity1 , 14-day culture resulted in growth of a uniform population of large granular lymphocytes. While less than 10% of the A- @entity10086 cells were CD56-/CD3+ (mature T lymphocytes), 82% +/- 12% of A- @entity10086 cells from early @entity2212 @entity1 (diagnosed less than 1 year from study), 84% +/- 3% of A- @entity10086 cells from late @entity2212 @entity1 (studied greater than 1 year after diagnosis), and 87% +/- 3% of A- @entity10086 cells from @entity1442 @entity1 were CD56+/CD3- (activated natural killer [NK] cells). No bcr gene rearrangement could be found in A- @entity10086 cells from 13 @entity2212 and six @entity1860 @entity1 studied. A- @entity10086 cells from seven early @entity2212 @entity1 displayed similar @entity137 against K562 (80% +/- 7% lysis at effector:target ratio of 20:1) and against Raji (80% +/- 12% lysis) compared with A- @entity10086 from 17 normal individuals (72% +/- 3% K562 lysis, P = .21; 74% +/- 5% Raji lysis, P = .39). However, the @entity137 of A- @entity10086 cells from eight late @entity2212 @entity1 (59% +/- 5% K562 lysis, P = .02; 52% +/- 8% Raji lysis, P = .02) and that of 10 @entity1442 @entity1 studied at any point after diagnosis (31% +/- 3% K562 lysis, P less than .001; 25% +/- 6% Raji lysis, P less than .001) was significantly lower than that of seven early @entity2212 @entity1 and 17 normals. The proliferative potential of A- @entity10086 cells from seven early @entity2212 @entity1 (291 +/- 191-fold) was significantly greater than that of A- @entity10086 cells from 17 normal individuals (23 +/- 3-fold, P = .03), eight late @entity2212 @entity1 (46 +/- 17-fold, P = .02), and 10 @entity1442 @entity1 (5.4 +/- 1.9-fold, P = .01). In contrast to @entity1860 A- @entity10086 , K562 @entity137 of unstimulated mature peripheral blood NK cells was significantly lower in early @entity2212 @entity1 than in normals and remained low at all stages of disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Diminished A- @entity10086 @entity137 and proliferation accompany disease XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2212 :: ('MESH:D015466', 'Disease') :: ['chronic phase', 'CP', 'CP CML']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'AD CML', 'Ph-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['progression in chronic myelogenous leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This preliminary study examined the technical efficacy, safety, and cost of treating @entity432 with a single device that combines pharmacologic and mechanical thrombolysis. METHODS: The technical success, @entity548 complications, and costs for the first 26 consecutive @entity1 in whom lower extremity @entity63 was treated with the Trellis infusion catheter (TIC) were analyzed. Procedure time, thrombolytic infusion time, technical success, @entity548 complications (major and @entity932 ), interventional suite time, and 30-day amputation-free survival were evaluated. RESULTS: 15 of 26 @entity1 (58%) who received treatment with the TIC had acute @entity432 , and 11 of 26 @entity1 (42%) had nonacute @entity432 . Nineteen of 26 @entity1 (73.1%) received treatment of an @entity432 , and 7 of 26 @entity1 (26.9%) received treatment of a suprainguinal occlusion. @entity1746 were treated in 18 of 26 @entity1 (69%), and lower extremity bypass grafts in 8 of 26 @entity1 (31%). The technical success rate with TIC treatment was 92%, and the 30-day amputation-free survival rate was 96%. There was no difference in technical success or amputation-free survival rate between acute versus nonacute @entity432 , native artery versus bypass grafts, and suprainguinal versus infrainguinal @entity432 . Procedure time was 2.1 +/- 0.9 hours, and infusion time was 0.3 +/- 0.2 hours. There were no @entity548 complications; however, 3 of 26 @entity1 (11.5%) required further intervention to treat distal embolization. The overall mean cost for @entity1 with TIC treatment was  3216 +/-  1740. CONCLUSIONS: Early results of TIC treatment in @entity1 with @entity432 suggest that it is as effective as traditional catheter-directed thrombolysis. Furthermore, there were no @entity548 complications, likely the result of TIC requiring shorter procedure and infusion times.

title: Clinical and economic evaluation of the trellis thrombectomy device for XXXX : preliminary analysis.

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['Lower extremity native arteries']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusions', 'infrainguinal occlusion']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial occlusions']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Stimulating fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) apoptosis in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is a promising strategy for clinical treatment. Previous studies have confirmed that @entity7650 shows a certain anti-arthritic effect in vivo. However, whether @entity7650 can induce @entity309 FLS apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms has not been elucidated. Herein, @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ) in @entity35 was induced and FLS was isolated from synovial tissues by tissue explant cultivation method. @entity98 assay, Hoechst staining, and flow cytometric apoptosis assay were applied to evaluate apoptotic effect of @entity7650 on @entity1753 FLS. @entity1976 , @entity2310 , and @entity4124 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, and extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and phosphorylated @entity2509 protein levels were examined by real-time PCR and western blot, respectively. We found that @entity7650 dose-dependently inhibited @entity1753 FLS proliferation in vitro. @entity1753 FLS treated with @entity7650 displayed typical apoptotic morphological characteristics including nuclear shrinkage and chromatin condensation. Flow cytometric apoptosis assay indicated that @entity7650 significantly increased the apoptosis rate of @entity1753 FLS. Additionally, @entity7650 treatment on @entity1753 FLS decreased @entity1976 mRNA level and increased @entity2310 and @entity4124 mRNA levels, accompanied by reduced protein levels of phosphorylated- @entity2508 , without affecting total @entity2508 . In conclusion, @entity7650 effectively induces @entity1753 FLS apoptosis through regulating the apoptosis-related gene expressions and inhibiting @entity2509 signal pathway.

title: Apoptotic Effect of @entity7650 on Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes in XXXX with Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis via Inhibiting @entity2509 Signal Pathway In Vitro.

entities_list: @entity7650 :: ('MESH:C007835', 'Chemical') :: ['geniposide']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['AIA', 'adjuvant-induced arthritis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies on cardiovascular risk profile in different socioeconomic status were focused on younger populations and many of them have not been able to take into account age and sex differences. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship of occupational social class with the prevalence of @entity65 risk factors and @entity65 in younger (<65 years) and older (>or=65 years) @entity1 and @entity1 . METHODS: A population-based-cross sectional study was conducted in a general community in Norfolk, United Kingdom. @entity1 were 23,085 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 40-79 years, recruited from general practice age-sex registers as part of European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 (EPIC-Norfolk). The prevalence of @entity65 and @entity65 were examined. RESULTS: The prevalence of smoking was significantly higher in those in manual social classes particularly in the younger (<65) age group. Younger @entity1 in manual social classes were more likely to be smokers compared to older @entity1 in the same social class. Being in manual social classes was associated with higher @entity165 levels in @entity1 but lower @entity165 levels in @entity1 . Manual social class was associated with higher physical activity in those younger than 65 years but this association was reversed in those 65 years or older. CONCLUSION: Occupational social class is differently related to @entity65 in individuals depending on their age and sex. This may reflect differences in behavior at work and leisure, which vary by sex and pre- and postretirement. Interventions to promote health and reduce social inequalities need to take age and gender into account.

title: Effect of age on the relationship of occupational social class with prevalence of modifiable @entity65 and XXXX . A population-based cross-sectional study from European Prospective Investigation into Cancer - Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer-Norfolk']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular risk factors', 'cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular diseases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in @entity5 immunotherapy with their unique capability of killing transformed cells without the need for prior sensitization and without major histocompatibility complex (MHC)/peptide restriction. However, @entity5 cells can escape NK cell @entity137 by various @entity5 immune escape mechanisms. To overcome these escape mechanisms, NK cells can be modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), enhancing their @entity5 -specific @entity137 . To determine the most efficacious method to modify @entity1 NK cells, we compared different retroviral vector systems, retroviral pseudotypes, and transduction protocols. Using optimized transduction conditions, the highest transduction levels (up to 60  %) were achieved with alpharetroviral vectors. Alpharetroviral-modified primary @entity1 NK cells exhibited no alteration in receptor expression and had similar degranulation activity as untransduced NK cells, thus demonstrating that alpharetroviral modification did not negatively affect NK cell @entity137 . Transduction of NK cells with an alpharetroviral vector containing a @entity1075 CAR expression cassette selectively enhanced NK cell @entity137 towards @entity1075 -expressing @entity1778 cells, achieving nearly complete elimination of @entity1778 cells after 48  h. Taken together, alpharetroviral vectors are promising tools for NK cell-mediated @entity5 immunotherapy applications. KEY MESSAGES: Efficient modification of @entity1 NK cells using alpharetroviral vectors. Anti- @entity1075 -CAR-NK cells exhibited improved @entity137 towards @entity1075 (+) @entity1778 cells. Alpharetroviral vectors are promising  tools for immunotherapy applications using NK cells.

title: Efficient generation of gene-modified XXXX natural killer cells via alpharetroviral vectors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The usual mode of communication with the specialist in the UK is a referral letter. Letters now primarily document the GPs' concerns for the @entity1 and are no longer required to persuade the specialist to offer an appointment. The content of referral letters from GPs has failed to satisfy specialists responding to a series of surveys. Evidence suggests that GPs who improve their letters to specialists also refer more cases with significant pathology. AIMS: The aims of this research are to explore the factors that may influence GPs in writing the referral letter when consulting @entity1 presenting with @entity29 . METHODS: A convenience sample of twelve GPs was interviewed in Nottinghamshire and inner city Sheffield practices. A framework approach was utilised in the analysis of data. Data from the interviews followed the prescribed steps, including: familiarisation, identifying a thematic framework, indexing, charting and mapping, and interpretation. RESULTS: The thematic framework reflected four major themes. These were: (1) the nature and content of referral letters, (2) knowledge about @entity14 , (3) issues relating to the quality of referral letters in colorectal cases and (4) factors that effect the use of guidelines for referral. CONCLUSIONS: GPs only have very short consultations in which to address many and complex issues. Pre-referral assessment in colorectal cases includes intimate examination of the @entity1 . Therefore the writing of the letter of referral is often postponed until long after the @entity1 has left the GP's office. Some GPs do not believe the consultant reads the letter of referral. However, GPs are keen to provide best care and welcome feedback about the quality of their letters. They acknowledge the responsibility to communicate with colleagues effectively and have differing ideas about what constitutes an adequate referral letter.

title: GP letter writing in XXXX : a qualitative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['lower bowel symptoms']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: All cases diagnosed in Finland as @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), @entity978 or @entity1222 in @entity1 younger than 15 years in 1953 to 1973, according to the Finnish Cancer Registry, were reexamined histologically. Only 55% of the cases originally diagnosed as @entity1893 were regarded as such at reexamination. The others were mainly malignant nonlymphatic @entity5 such as @entity521 and different kinds of @entity242 . Seventy-two NHLs were diagnosed in 50 @entity1 and 22 @entity1 . The corrected age-specific incidence rate was 0.32/10(5). The most common histologic types were @entity2109 ( @entity2109 ) (30 cases), @entity981 ( @entity981 ) (26), large cell lymphomas (LCL) (six), and @entity2109 ( @entity2109 ) (three). There were marked differences between @entity2109 and @entity981 in the course of the disease: @entity2109 was extranodal in 83%, @entity981 only in 4% (mediastinum was regarded as nodal); @entity2109 showed initial abdominal or pelvic involvement in 60% whereas @entity981 showed none; @entity2109 had initial mediastinal involvement in 7%, and @entity981 had it in 62%; all @entity1 with @entity981 died whereas 23% of those with @entity2109 survived. Other types of @entity1893 resembled @entity2109 in their course of disease. @entity1 with initial tonsillary involvement appeared to have the best prognosis and @entity1 with mediastinal involvement the poorest. The importance of accurate histologic classification is emphasized. It appears to be most important to differentiate @entity981 from other types of @entity1893 .

title: XXXX in childhood. A clinicopathologic and epidemiologic study in Finland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['LBL', 'lymphoblastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1222 :: ('MESH:D006646', 'Disease') :: ['histiocytosis X']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ['n-BL', "non-Burkitt's lymphoma", 'BL', "Burkitt's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2460 is associated with serosal surfaces. Location in the salivary glands is extremely unusual. @entity5 have an excellent prognosis associated with their benign clinical behavior. We report an @entity146 and recurrent case of this @entity5 . We review the clinical presentation, inmunohistochemical profiles and therapeutic approaches. CASE REPORT: A 73-years-old @entity1 presented a mass in her right parotid gland. She had a past history of right superficial parotidectomy due to a @entity808 . FNAB and magnetic resonance were non-specific. After a @entity5 resection, microscopic findings were spindled @entity5 cells with reactivity to @entity2280 , @entity588 and @entity3778 and the @entity5 was diagnosed as @entity2460 . The @entity1 suffered two recurrences and the @entity5 had a histological @entity146 and a destruction of the cortical bone of the mandible adjacent to the mass. A marginal mandibulectomy with an alveolar inferior nerve lateralization was performed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2460 is a very rare @entity5 . Usually, they are benign, but occasionally they can be @entity146 . Complete resection is the most important prognostic factor and no evidence supports the efficacy of any therapy different to surgery. Due to the unknown prognosis and to the small number of cases reported, a long-term follow-up is guaranteed. Key words: @entity2460 , parotid mass, parotid gland, salivary gland, rare @entity5 .

title: XXXX with mandibular bone destruction and @entity146 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['neurilemoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior', 'aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Extrathoracic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2460 :: ('MESH:D054364', 'Disease') :: ['Solitary fibrous tumor', 'Solitary Fibrous Tumor']

answer: @entity2460 :: (MESH:D054364,Disease) :: ['Parotid gland solitary fibrous tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize cortico-diaphragmatic pathway involvement in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) by means of @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ), and verify its clinical impact. METHODS: @entity9808 from diaphragm (Dia), and abductor digiti minimi (AbdV degrees ) was performed in 26 @entity15 @entity1 . @entity129 ( @entity129 ) conduction study was also performed. Expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and fatigue descriptive scale (FDS) were measured. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at the first second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF) were tested: the predicted percentage value (% pred) was considered. RESULTS: Cortical motor evoked potential (Cx-MEP) latency and @entity713 ( @entity713 ) were prolonged, respectively, in 31 and 23% of @entity1 from Dia, in 76 and 79% from AbdV degrees. @entity129 -compound motor action potential (CMAP) was normal. EDSS correlated to Cx-MEP from AbdV degrees (P<0.01), and @entity129 -CMAP amplitude (P<0.05), FEV1 % pred (P<0.01), PEF % pred (P<0.01). @entity129 -CMAP amplitude correlated to FVC % pred P=0.05, FEV1 % pred P<0.01, PEF % pred P<0.01. Fatigue was related to AbdV degrees Cx-MEP and @entity713 (P<0.05 and P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Cortico-diaphragmatic pathway is impaired only in a minority of @entity15 @entity1 . Lack of correlation between @entity9808 findings from Dia and respiratory tests argues against its routinary use to detect subclinical respiratory alterations. Fatigue seems to be related to the @entity73 rather than to respiratory distress.

title: Are the neurophysiological techniques useful for the diagnosis of @entity73 in @entity15 ( XXXX )?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['PN', 'Phrenic nerve']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['central motor conduction time', 'CMCT']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairment']

entities_list: @entity9808 :: ('MESH:C536917', 'Disease') :: ['TMS', 'transcranial magnetic stimulation']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']