abstract: @entity3638 may arise due to inadequate clearance of @entity648 from the body. @entity648 elimination is a multifaceted process consisting of uptake of @entity648 into the hepatocytes facilitated by @entity6906 and @entity6907 . Once in the hepatocytes, it is extensively glucuronidated by @entity6912 . Eventually, the glucuronide metabolite is excreted into the bile via @entity7737 . @entity6912 inhibition has been previously shown to be linked with @entity3638 . However, because drug transporters also contribute to @entity648 elimination, the purpose of this work was to investigate the in vitro inhibition of @entity6906 , @entity6907 , @entity7737 , and @entity9746 of select test drugs known to elicit @entity3638 . Test drugs investigated in this study were @entity5194 and @entity5190 , which are associated with @entity3638 and elevations in serum transaminase; @entity486 and @entity5191 , which are not associated with @entity3638 ; and @entity18193 , @entity4506 , and @entity36471 , which are associated with severe idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity exhibiting elevations in serum @entity648 and transaminase. Due to limited solubility and poor ionization of @entity648 and its glucuronide, the formation of @entity50612 was used as a surrogate to assess @entity6912 activity, while the transport of @entity2452 , @entity50613 , and @entity7362 were used as surrogate probe substrates to monitor the function of @entity6906 / @entity6907 , @entity7737 , and @entity9746 , respectively. It was assumed that any inhibition of the surrogate probe substrates by test drugs is indicative of the potential impact of test drugs to modulate the function of proteins involved in @entity648 disposition. In vitro inhibition was determined by calculating IC50. Moreover, Cmax and Cmax,free were integrated with IC50 values to calculate R and Rfree, respectively, which represents the ratio of probe drug glucuronidation/transport in the absence and presence of test drugs. Analysis of the data showed that Rfree demonstrated the best correlation to @entity3638 . Specifically, Rfree was above the 1.1 target threshold against @entity6912 , @entity6906 , and @entity9746 for @entity5194 and @entity5190 . In contrast, Rfree was below this threshold for @entity486 and @entity5191 as well as for @entity18193 , @entity4506 , and @entity36471 . For all test drugs examined, only minor inhibition against @entity6907 and @entity7737 were observed. These data suggest that the proposed surrogate probe substrates to evaluate the in vitro inhibition of @entity6912 , @entity6906 , and @entity9746 may be suitable to assess @entity648 disposition. For protease inhibitors, inclusion of @entity6906 and @entity9746 inhibition may improve the predictability of @entity3638 .

title: Evaluating the in vitro inhibition of @entity6912 , @entity6906 , @entity6907 , @entity7737 , and @entity9746 in predicting drug-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5191 :: ('MESH:D019888', 'Chemical') :: ['nelfinavir']

entities_list: @entity18193 :: ('MESH:C053083', 'Chemical') :: ['bromfenac']

entities_list: @entity5194 :: ('MESH:C413408', 'Chemical') :: ['atazanavir']

entities_list: @entity7362 :: ('MESH:D013656', 'Chemical') :: ['taurocholate']

entities_list: @entity5190 :: ('MESH:D019469', 'Chemical') :: ['indinavir']

entities_list: @entity4506 :: ('MESH:C057693', 'Chemical') :: ['troglitazone']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin', 'Bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity50612 :: ('MESH:C025482', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol 3-glucuronide']

entities_list: @entity2452 :: ('MESH:C108475', 'Chemical') :: ['pitavastatin']

entities_list: @entity36471 :: ('MESH:C080163', 'Chemical') :: ['trovafloxacin']

entities_list: @entity486 :: ('MESH:D019438', 'Chemical') :: ['ritonavir']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperbilirubinemia', 'hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity3638 :: (MESH:D006932,Disease) :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: A pilot study was undertaken to determine the lymphatic drainage of @entity5 using cutaneous lymphoscintigraphy. METHODS: Six @entity1 with biopsy-proved T1 @entity1544 were studied using 0.4 to 0.6 mCi Tc-99m HSA. Planar imaging was performed after @entity1 received intradermal injections of Tc-99m HSA in a total volume of 0.4 ml at four sites around the @entity6068 . RESULTS: @entity5 locations included two midline lesions and three anterior third lesions. One @entity5 was located in the midthird of the labia majora. There was no clinically suspicious inguinal adenopathy in any @entity1 . Based on classic anatomic descriptions of cutaneous lymphatic drainage, all but one @entity1 would have been predicted to have drainage to both inguinal nodal basins. @entity7255 was successful in all six @entity1 . Unilateral drainage was shown in five of six @entity1 . Only one @entity1 had bilateral inguinal drainage, and her @entity5 was located in the left anterior third of the labia minora. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7255 with Tc-99m HSA is easily performed and may be potentially useful in defining lymphatic basins at risk in @entity1544 .

title: Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy in the evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vulvar cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity7255 :: ('MESH:D018366', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneous lymphoscintigraphy']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer of the vulva']

entities_list: @entity6068 :: ('MESH:D014845', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar lesion']

answer: @entity1544 :: (MESH:D018307,Disease) :: ['squamous cell cancer of the vulva']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of @entity1467 ( @entity1467 ) on surgical management in @entity1 with @entity4297 ( @entity4297 ). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data from 35 @entity1 with @entity1467 and @entity4297 , who underwent cardiac surgery between 2004 and 2009. The data on surgical mortality, complications and follow-up results are emphasized. RESULTS: All of the @entity1 underwent primary repair. One @entity1 (2.9%) with @entity1467 and complete @entity474 (CAVSD) died early postoperatively because of @entity120 . Two @entity1 (5.7%) had @entity998 , and 15 (42.9%) suffered @entity358 . III degree @entity713 ( @entity713 ) occurred in 4 @entity1 (11.5%). Thirty @entity1 who were followed up 10 months to 6 years [(3.8  1.1) years] are in NYHA class I or II. There were no reoperations or later death. CONCLUSION: @entity4297 in @entity1467 @entity1 can be repaired with a low risk of mortality, although a high incidence of severe @entity281 and III degree @entity713 can result in a complicated postoperative course. The results of mid-term follow up are satisfactory.

title: [Impact of @entity1467 on the surgical treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low cardiac output syndrome']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block', 'AVB']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity474 :: ('MESH:C562831', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['Down syndrome', 'DS']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity4297 :: (MESH:D006330,Disease) :: ['congenital heart defects']


abstract: All phases of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced @entity221 are mediated by @entity3009 (PG) E2. It is known that the second febrile phase (which starts at approximately 1.5 h post-LPS) and subsequent phases are mediated by @entity1421 that originated in endotheliocytes and perivascular cells of the brain. However, the location and phenotypes of the cells that produce @entity1421 triggering the first febrile phase (which starts at approximately 0.5 h) remain unknown. By studying @entity1421 synthesis at the enzymatic level, we found that it was activated in the lung and liver, but not in the brain, at the onset of the first phase of LPS @entity221 in @entity35 . This activation involved phosphorylation of @entity25308 ( @entity25308 ) and transcriptional up-regulation of @entity4665 . The number of cells displaying @entity4665 immunoreactivity surged in the lung and liver (but not in the brain) at the onset of @entity221 , and the majority of these cells were identified as macrophages. When @entity1421 synthesis in the periphery was activated, the concentration of @entity1421 increased both in the venous blood (which collects @entity1421 from tissues) and arterial blood (which delivers @entity1421 to the brain). Most importantly, neutralization of circulating @entity1421 with an anti- @entity1421 antibody both delayed and @entity536 . It is concluded that @entity221 is initiated by circulating @entity1421 synthesized by macrophages of the LPS-processing organs (lung and liver) via phosphorylation of @entity25308 and transcriptional up-regulation of @entity4665 . Whether @entity1421 produced at the level of the blood-brain barrier also contributes to the development of the first phase remains to be clarified.

title: Cellular and molecular bases of the initiation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity25308 :: ('24653(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['cytosolic phospholipase A2', 'cPLA2']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['attenuated LPS fever']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['fever']


abstract: Acute exposure to cigarette smoke causes @entity1224 ( @entity1224 ) in @entity840 , which resolves within a few hours. Repeated exposure may have a different effect on the airways. To address this question, @entity840 were repeatedly exposed to cigarette smoke (six cigarettes for 1 h x day(-1)) for 14 consecutive days. Airway responsiveness to inhaled @entity112 and differential cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were evaluated 1 day after the last exposure. Significant neutrophilia in BALF was observed after 3 days of smoke exposure. Significant @entity1712 in BALF and @entity1224 were observed after 14 days of smoke exposure, but not after 3 or 7 days of smoke exposure. These changes persisted until 3 days after the last exposure and resolved 7 days afterwards. Histologically, the recruited eosinophils were observed predominantly in the airways, but not in the alveoli. Treatment with @entity46178 , a specific platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist (1 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1) p.o. during smoke exposure) significantly inhibited the eosinophil influx and @entity1224 . Repeated exposure to cigarette smoke may induce @entity1162 and @entity1224 in @entity840 . Platelet-activating factor or platelet-activating factor-like lipids may play a key role in @entity1224 , presumably by the induction of @entity32 .

title: Eosinophilic airway XXXX induced by repeated exposure to cigarette smoke.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['AHR', 'airway hyperresponsiveness']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: The introduction of biological @entity5 @entity39 factor inhibitors has improved the treatment of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) but at a substantial cost. These drugs have been shown to lead to superior radiological outcomes compared with a combination of conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs over 2 years. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether radiological superiority translates into better @entity393 outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Multicenter, 2-arm, parallel, randomized, active-controlled, open-label trial. @entity1 with early @entity309 (symptom duration <1 year) were recruited from 15 rheumatology clinics in Sweden from October 1, 2002, through December 31, 2005. The study population was restricted to working-age @entity1 (aged <63 years). INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 who did not achieve low disease activity after 3 to 4 months of @entity1499 therapy were randomized to receive additional biological treatment with infliximab or conventional combination treatment with @entity3378   plus   @entity6383 . MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Monthly sick leave and disability pension days 21 months after randomization retrieved from the nationwide Swedish Social Insurance Office register. Main analyses were by intention to treat, including all @entity1 , and adjusted for baseline sick leave and disability pension. RESULTS: Of 204 eligible @entity1 , 105 were randomized to biological and 99 to conventional treatment. Seven @entity1 in the biological and 4 in the conventional treatment group never received the study drug, and 72 and 52 @entity1 , respectively, followed the study per protocol for 21 months. The baseline mean (SD) @entity393 was 17 (13) d/mo (median, 16 d/mo) in both groups (mean difference, 0.6 d/mo; 95% CI, -3.0 to 3.9). The mean changes in @entity393 at 21 months were -4.9 d/mo in the biological and -6.2 d/mo in the conventional treatment group (adjusted mean difference, 1.6 d/mo; 95% CI, -1.2 to 4.4). Including only @entity1 receiving at least 1 dose of assigned treatment, the adjusted mean difference was 1.5 d/mo (95% CI, -1.5 to 4.4), and in per-protocol analysis the adjusted mean difference was 0.3 d/mo (95% CI, -2.8 to 3.8). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The radiological superiority of biological compared with conventional combination therapy did not translate into better @entity393 outcomes in @entity1 with early @entity309 who had experienced an insufficient response to methotrexate. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00764725.

title: Biological vs. conventional combination treatment and @entity393 in early XXXX : a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity6383 :: ('MESH:D006886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxychloroquine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfasalazine']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['work loss']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A serosurvey study to evaluate the proportion of children with antibodies against @entity66 targeted by the Expanded Program of Immunization in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: Using multistage sampling techniques, we collected samples and sent them for laboratory assay from the following age groups; 100 samples at 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, 6 years, 13 years, and 17 years. We conducted the study from September 2001 to February 2002. We assayed sera for measles, @entity2462 , and mumps antibodies in the measles-mumps- @entity2462 reference laboratory in Germany, using enzyme immunoassay and @entity527 ( @entity527 ) as a backup test for equivocal and negative samples. We only carried out a backup test for measles samples. RESULTS: The age group of 6 months had the highest proportion with negative measles antibodies. After adding the backup test ( @entity527 ), the proportions of @entity1 with protective measles antibody were; 64% at 6 months, 87% at 12 months, 91% at 18 months, 75% at 6 years, 96% at 13 years, and 98% at 17 years. @entity2462 antibody positivity rates (>7 IU) were 28% at 6 months, 49% at 12 months, 97% at 18 months, 98% at 6 years, and 100% at 13 years. While positivity rates in mumps were 14% at 6 months, 29% at 12 months, 59% at 18 months, 64% at 6 years, and 75% at 13 years. CONCLUSION: The unexpected low proportion of @entity1 with protective level at 6 years, despite being vaccinated with 2 measle doses is an important phenomenon. This reflects the interference between the first and the second measles dose. The Ministry of Health decided to conduct a catch up campaign targeting 1st through 3rd grade primary schools, who did not catch the mass campaign conducted in 2000. Also, this supports the decision taken by the ministry to change the measles immunization schedule to MMR at 12 months and a second dose at 6 years of age.

title: Serosurvey of measles, mumps and @entity2462 antibodies in Saudi XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2462 :: ('MESH:D012409', 'Disease') :: ['Rubella', 'rubella']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['plaque neutralization', 'PN']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The mechanism of host-symbiont recognition in the @entity1460 -Rhizobium symbiosis was investigated utilizing mutants of @entity19062 defective in nodulation. @entity1460 were grown in clear plastic growth pouches allowing the identification of the area on the root most susceptible to Rhizobium nodulation; the area between the root tip (RT) and smallest emergent root hair (SERH). The location of nodules in relation to this developing zone is an indication of the rate of nodule initiation. Nodules were scored as to the distance from the RT mark made at the time of inoculation. Seventy-eight per cent of the plants nodulate above the RT mark when inoculated with the wild type @entity19062 3I1b110 with the average distance of the uppermost nodule being approximately 2 millimeters above the RT mark. These data indicate that the wild type strain initiates nodulation rapidly within the RT-SERH zone following inoculation. However, inoculation with the slow-to-nodulate mutant strain @entity50013 resulted in 100% of the plants nodulating only below the RT mark with the average distance of the uppermost nodule being approximately 56 millimeters below the RT mark. Thus, mutant strain @entity50013 is defective in the ability to rapidly initiate @entity281 leading to nodulation within the RT-SERH zone. The location of the nodules suggest that stain @entity50013 must ;adapt' to the root environment before nodulation can occur. To test this, strain @entity50013 was incubated in @entity1460 root exudate prior to inoculation. In this case, 68% of the plants nodulated above the RT mark with the average distance of the uppermost nodule being approximately 1 millimeter below the RT mark. Experiments indicated that the change in nodule initiation by strain @entity50013 brought about by incubation in @entity1460 root exudate was due to a phenotypic, rather than a genotypic change. The half-time of root exudate incubation for strain @entity50013 necessary for optimal nodulation enhancement was less than 6 hours. @entity6167 and trypsin sensitivity of the nodulation enhancement factor(s) in @entity1460 root exudate indicate a protein was involved in the reversal of the delay in nodulation by mutant strain @entity50013 .

title: Host recognition in the Rhizobium- @entity1460 symbiosis: detection of a protein factor in XXXX root exudate which is involved in the nodulation process.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6167 :: ('MESH:D018883', 'Disease') :: ['Heat sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1460 :: ('3847', 'Species') :: ['soybean', 'Soybeans']

entities_list: @entity19062 :: ('375', 'Species') :: ['R. japonicum', 'R. japonicum strain']

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['soybean']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate sex differences in @entity32 and its effects upon articular cartilage and to assess the potential role of sex @entity230 in the process. METHODS: The @entity2708 -pellet cartilage implant model was used with male and female @entity19 in the presence and absence of gonadectomy and hormone replacement. The effects of granulomatous tissue upon articular cartilage was assessed and tissue content of @entity5003 ) was determined. The expression of sex hormone receptors in inflammatory tissue was investigated by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Female @entity19 showed a higher ability than males to degrade cartilage irrespective of the sex of the cartilage implanted. Gonadectomy resulted in a significant acceleration of @entity16 in both sexes, which was reverted by @entity172 replacement in females and @entity342 replacement in males. Female granulomata had significantly higher @entity5003 content than those from males. Gonadectomy was associated with an increased @entity5003 content in males but not in females, the effects being abolished by @entity342 replacement in males. @entity172 and @entity342 receptors were identified in inflammatory cells from the granulomatous tissue. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that sex hormones affect @entity32 induced cartilage degradation in male and female @entity19 probably through the modulation of cytokine production and release in the granulomatous tissue. Further investigation on the effects of sex @entity230 in @entity32 induced cartilage degradation may help elucidate their pathogenic role and therapeutic potential in @entity1 disease.

title: Sex differences in XXXX induced @entity16 in rodents. The influence of sex @entity230 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage damage']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that @entity230 locally modulate and may be required for normal follicular function and gametogenesis in primates, the effects of @entity134 reduction during gonadotropin-stimulated folliculogenesis was studied in @entity2608 . DESIGN: Animals received @entity1 FSH (hFSH; days 1 to 6) and hFSH+ @entity1 LH (hLH; day 7) to promote multiple follicular growth, and then received hCG (day 8) for ovulatory maturation. Four animals received @entity16937 ( @entity1816 dehydrogenase inhibitor) on days 1 to 8 or no inhibitor (controls; n = 4). Follicles were aspirated 34 hours after hCG. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Follicular growth, serum E2, P, and @entity3333 , oocyte nuclear maturity, and IVF. RESULTS: @entity16937 markedly reduced E2 to levels as low as 7% of controls throughout the follicular phase. @entity3333 was 66-fold greater during @entity16937 treatment relative to controls. In both groups, P was at baseline during follicular stimulation but was reduced for 72 hours after hCG in @entity16937 -treated animals. Despite E2 suppression, follicular growth and oocyte nuclear maturity were unaltered by @entity16937 . @entity16937 hindered the fertilizability of metaphase II oocytes (15%) in three of four animals compared with controls (65%). Metaphase I oocytes that required > 8 hours to complete meiosis in vitro failed to fertilize in the same three of four receiving @entity16937 relative to controls (31%). CONCLUSIONS: Follicular growth and oocyte meiosis did not require high or increasing E2 levels. Levels of follicular products other than E2 may be of value in determining the progress of ovarian stimulation protocols. However, the acquisition of oocyte competence for fertilization may require @entity230 .

title: XXXX reduction during ovarian stimulation impairs oocyte fertilization, but not folliculogenesis, in @entity2608 .

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity3333 :: ('MESH:D011284', 'Chemical') :: ['Pregnenolone', 'pregnenolone']

entities_list: @entity1816 :: ('CHEBI:36836', 'Chemical') :: ['3 beta-hydroxysteroid']

entities_list: @entity16937 :: ('MESH:C009954', 'Chemical') :: ['Trilostane', 'trilostane']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['Steroid']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1468 is one of the most serious complications in pregnancy and is one of the major causes of @entity204 . Therefore, its prediction has special importance and many studies have been performed on different materials, which may be useful for its prediction. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the @entity460 to @entity1011 ratio for the prediction of @entity1468 . METHOD: A prospective cohort study was performed on 150 pregnant @entity1 , who were aged from 15 to 35 years. A single urine sample was obtained at 20-24 weeks of gestation for measurement of urine @entity460 to @entity1011 ratio. The @entity1 were then monitored for delivery and this ratio was compared between the @entity1 with and without @entity1468 . RESULTS: Mean urine @entity460 of pre-eclamptic @entity1 was significantly lower than normotensive @entity1 (179        35   mg/dl vs 272        59   mg/dl, P < 0.001). Mean @entity460 to @entity1011 ratio was significantly lower in pre-eclamptic @entity1 (0.07        0.007 vs 0.16        0.006, P < 0.001). The optimal cut off point for @entity460 to @entity1011 ratio was calculated to be 0.071 with a sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 78%. CONCLUSION: Urine @entity460 and @entity460 to @entity1011 ratio are lower in pre-eclamptic @entity1 and may be used as a screening test for the prediction of @entity1468 .

title: Evaluation of the value of @entity460 to @entity1011 ratio for predicting of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia', 'Pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['maternal death']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['pre-eclampsia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is substantial circumstantial evidence that @entity404 lymphocytes have a role in the pathogenesis of @entity102 . We investigated the efficacy and safety in severe corticosteroid-dependent @entity565 of a single intravenous infusion of keliximab (IDEC CE9.1), a chimeric monoclonal antibody to @entity404 . METHODS: 22 @entity1 were recruited from two @entity565 clinics. In an ascending-dose design, the first eight @entity1 were assigned 0.5 mg/kg keliximab (six) or placebo (two); the next seven were assigned 1.5 mg/kg (five) or placebo (two); and the last seven were assigned 3.0 mg/kg (five) or placebo (two). Masked data on safety for each dose group were assessed before progression to the next dose. @entity1 kept a daily symptom diary and measured morning and evening @entity450 ( @entity450 ) at home. @entity450 and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) were measured at follow-up clinic visits. FINDINGS: @entity1 given 0.5 mg/kg or 1.5 mg/kg keliximab and placebo recipients did not differ in change from baseline of @entity450 , FEV1, or symptom score. Those given 3.0 mg/kg keliximab differed significantly from placebo recipients in change in morning @entity450 (median area under curve [AUC] 445 vs -82.5, p=0.005) and evening @entity450 (median AUC 548 vs -85, p=0.014). Symptom score showed the same pattern (though differences did not achieve significance), but there was no difference in clinic FEV1. There were no serious adverse effects related to treatment. Two @entity1 had mild exacerbations of @entity484 and one developed a transient @entity1910 . All doses of keliximab were associated with a reduction from baseline in @entity404 count. INTERPRETATION: Our findings raise the possibility that T-cell-directed treatment may be an alternative approach to the treatment of severe @entity565 .

title: Randomised, dose-ranging, placebo-controlled study of chimeric antibody to @entity404 (keliximab) in chronic severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['maculopapular rash']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['PEF', 'peak expiratory flow']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic asthma']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Body mass index (BMI; wt in kg/ht2 in m) has been proposed as a simple and valid measure for monitoring @entity1386 . Using data from a 25-y longitudinal study of rural Guatemalans, we found that, as @entity1 , this population was stunted (mean height-for-age z = -2.6) and had low triceps skinfold thicknesses ( approximately 10% of reference medians), yet had mean BMIs above US reference medians. As young adults, mean BMIs were at the 50th and 20th percentiles for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. BMIs between ages 1 and 5 y were moderately correlated (r = 0.2-0.3) with those in young adulthood. BMI was correlated with subscapular (r = 0.5-0.8) and triceps (r = 0.2-0.7) skinfold thicknesses at all ages and with predicted percentage body fat in adolescence (r = 0.65) and adulthood (r = 0.8). @entity1386 was highly centralized, with ratios of subscapular to triceps skinfold thicknesses at the 50th-90th percentiles of reference medians at all ages. BMI was a poor indicator of central fat; the correlation between BMI and waist-to-hip ratio in 14-17-y-old males was -0.21). In stunted populations in developing countries, BMI alone should be interpreted with caution. In stunted @entity1 , BMIs may be high despite small extremity skinfold thicknesses; BMI alone may overestimate the prevalence of @entity1386 in these @entity1 . In adults, measures in addition to BMI may be required to identify centralized adiposity in these populations.

title: XXXX and body mass index from birth to young adulthood in a rural Guatemalan population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['fatness', 'Fatness']

answer: @entity1386 :: (MESH:D018205,Disease) :: ['Fatness']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe a case of @entity9466 (CMC) with a @entity6897 gene mutation, and some of the important complications of this disease such as @entity3619 . METHODS: We present a 23-year-old @entity1 with CMC, @entity3619 , and @entity1375 . Her father also had CMC. We performed several immunological analyses of blood and liver samples, and searched for gene mutations for CMC in the @entity1 and her father. RESULTS: We identified the heterozygous substitution @entity45726 ( @entity45727 ) in the @entity6897 gene of both the @entity1 and her father. The level of b-glucan induced interferon (IFN)-y in her blood cells was significantly low. Immunoblot analysis detected serum @entity4654 autoantibody. She was found to have increased (low-titer) antibodies related to her @entity1375 and @entity99 . Her serum @entity8923 levels fluctuated with her AST and ALT levels. Liver biopsy revealed @entity469 -positive cell infiltration and @entity8923 expression in the sinusoidal regions. These results suggest that the @entity3619 in this @entity1 may be exacerbated by the excessive @entity8923 accumulation caused by recurrent mucocutaneous @entity364 , and decreased IFN-y production. CONCLUSIONS: AD-CMC is known to be caused by a gain-of-function mutation of the @entity6897 gene. @entity3619 is a rare complication of AD-CMC, with currently unknown pathogenesis. It seems that the clinical phenotype in this @entity1 is modified by autoimmune mechanisms and cytokine dysregulation. AD-CMC can be complicated by various @entity1200 including @entity12010 .

title: @entity9466 with @entity6897 -mutation can be complicated with @entity3619 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity9466 :: ('MESH:D002178', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal-dominant (AD)-chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune disorders']

entities_list: @entity6897 :: ('6772', 'Gene') :: ['signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1', 'STAT1']

entities_list: @entity45727 :: ('p|SUB|R|274|Q', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Arg274Gln']

entities_list: @entity12010 :: ('MESH:D016884', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic active hepatitis', 'chronic active hepatitis', 'chronic hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['hypothyroidism']


abstract: The ability of @entity3900 from porcine pancreas to degrade all of the available @entity14144 in mixed monolayers with @entity8159 , @entity10839 , or @entity10643 was investigated at different constant surface pressures. Under the conditions used the interfacial glycosphingolipid composition was continuously enriched as the enzyme action proceeded. The total percentage of phospholipid degradation depends on the surface pressure and on the type of glycosphingolipid. The presence of sulfatide activates the enzyme while @entity8159 and @entity10643 are inhibitory. The extent of phospholipid hydrolysis is independent of the effect of glycosphingolipids on the enzyme velocity. This is so when the latter is measured either in conditions of constant glycosphingolipid composition and zero-order kinetics [Bianco, I.D., Fidelio, G.D., _ Maggio, B. (1989) Biochem. J. 258, 95-99] or under variable surface composition as in the present work. The modulation of @entity3900 activity by glycosphingolipids operates at two independent levels. One controls the rate of enzyme activity, and the other modulates the total extent of substrate degradation. This depends on the initial interaction of the enzyme with the interface. The glycosphingolipid effect on the activity is different depending on whether the enzyme has access to the substrate from the subphase or is already adsorbed to the lipid interface.

title: Degradation of @entity14144 by XXXX in monolayers containing glycosphingolipids.

entities_list: @entity8159 :: ('MESH:C002454', 'Chemical') :: ['galactocerebroside']

entities_list: @entity14144 :: ('MESH:C015153', 'Chemical') :: ['dilauroylphosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity10643 :: ('MESH:D005677', 'Chemical') :: ['ganglioside GM1']

entities_list: @entity10839 :: ('CHEBI:18318', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfatide']

answer: @entity3900 :: (151056,Gene) :: ['phospholipase A2']


abstract: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is considered one of the most promising approaches for treating @entity179 , including @entity746 ( @entity746 ). We previously characterized a subpopulation of @entity1 skeletal muscle-derived stem cells (SkmSCs) with MSC-like characteristics that differentiate into the neurogenic lineage in vitro. In the present study, we evaluated the SkmSC therapeutic effects in the most characterized model of spontaneous motor @entity528 , the Wobbler (Wr) @entity19 . Before evaluating the therapeutic efficacy in the Wr @entity19 , we followed the route of Skm-SCs at different times after intracerebroventricular injection. Two exogenous tracers, superparamagnetic @entity1933 (SPIO) nanoparticles and @entity2455 , were used for the in vivo and ex vivo tracking of SkmSCs. We found that the loading of both Hoechst and SPIO was not toxic and efficiently labeled SkmSCs. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system 7 Tesla allowed us to localize transplanted SkmSCs along the whole ventricular system up to 18 wks after injection. The ex vivo Hoechst 33258 visualization confirmed the in vivo results obtained by MRI analyses. Behavioral observations revealed a fast and sustained improvement of motor efficacy in SkmSC-treated Wr @entity19 associated with a relevant protection of functional neuromuscular junctions. Moreover, we found that in SkmSC-treated Wr @entity19 , a significant increase of important human antiinflammatory cytokines occurred. This evidence is in accordance with previous findings showing the bystander effect of stem cell transplantation in @entity179 and further strengthens the hypothesis of the possible link between @entity32 , @entity137 and @entity746 .

title: @entity1 skeletal muscle stem cell antiinflammatory activity ameliorates clinical outcome in XXXX models.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['different neurodegenerative disorders', 'neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron degeneration']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Radiation has been shown to affect the uptake of micromolecules by the tissues within the radiation fields. We measured @entity5 drug uptake throughout a course of radiotherapy for stage III non-operable @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 were treated with radiotherapy consisting of 15 fractions of 300 cGy given over 3 weeks. They were divided into groups of 2. At 1.5 hr before a given fraction of radiotherapy, one group was given i.v. a bolus of 6 mg/m2 CDDP ( @entity900 ). Between 1.5 and 2 hr after radiotherapy, the @entity1 underwent bronchoscopy, during which a biopsy was taken from the @entity5 mass. A similar procedure was carried out on a different group of 2 @entity1 at each of the 15 radiotherapy fractions. The amount of @entity902 in the biopsy sample was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy and expressed as ng @entity902 /mg tissue. In another 13 @entity1 , a biopsy was taken before beginning the radiotherapy, and they served as controls. RESULTS: The quantity of @entity902 /g of tissue in the @entity1 was 11 +/- 4.4 ng/mg tissue. During the course of fractionated radiotherapy, the quantity of @entity902 /g of @entity5 varied considerably between radiotherapy fractions. Maximum uptake was at fractions 8 and 9 (92 ng @entity902 /mg tissue) with the minima during the first few fractions and at fractions 10, 11 and 12 (an average 20 ng @entity902 /mg tissue). CONCLUSIONS: The cyclical variations in the uptake of CDDP by the @entity5 tissue during the protracted course of fractionated radiotherapy are probably due to the well-known effects of radiation on vascular function and capillary permeability. The results may have implications for future clinical protocols involving chemo- and radiotherapy for the treatment of the disease.

title: Variations in @entity5 levels of XXXX through a course of fractionated radiotherapy in @entity1 with @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cis-diamminedichloroplatinum']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cis-platinum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Renal tubular epithelial cells of proximal and distal origin differ markedly in their physiological functions. Therefore, we hypothesized that they also differ in their capacity to undergo epithelial to mesenchymal alterations. RESULTS: We used cultures of freshly isolated primary @entity1 tubular cells. To distinguish cells of different tubular origin we took advantage of the fact that @entity1 proximal epithelial cells uniquely express @entity6076 instead of @entity5962 as major cell-cell adhesion molecule. To provoke mesenchymal alteration we treated these cocultures with @entity2533 for up to 6 days. Within this time period, the morphology of distal tubular cells was barely altered. In contrast to tubular cell lines, @entity5962 was not down-regulated by @entity2533 , even though @entity2533 signal transduction was initiated as demonstrated by nuclear localization of @entity14877 . Analysis of transcription factors and miRNAs possibly involved in @entity5962 regulation revealed high levels of miRNAs of the miR200-family, which may contribute to the stability of @entity5962 expression in @entity1 distal tubular epithelial cells. By contrast, proximal tubular epithelial cells altered their phenotype when treated with @entity2533 . They became elongated and formed three-dimensional structures. Rho-kinases were identified as modulators of @entity2533 -induced morphological alterations. Non-specific inhibition of Rho-kinases resulted in stabilization of the epithelial phenotype, while partial effects were observed upon downregulation of Rho-kinase isoforms @entity9067 and @entity23759 . The distinct reactivity of proximal and distal cells was retained when the cells were cultured as polarized cells. CONCLUSIONS: Interference with Rho-kinase signaling provides a target to counteract @entity2533 -mediated mesenchymal alterations of epithelial cells, particularly in proximal tubular epithelial cells. Furthermore, primary distal tubular cells differed from cell lines by their high phenotypic stability which included constant expression of @entity5962 . Our cell culture system of primary epithelial cells is thus suitable to understand and modulate cellular remodeling processes of distinct tubular cells relevant for @entity1 @entity8 .

title: Distinct mesenchymal alterations in @entity6076 and XXXX positive primary renal epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

answer: @entity5962 :: (999,Gene) :: ['E-cadherin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to assess the safety and hemodynamic response of high dose @entity452 echocardiography (DE) in different age groups. DE is frequently used in the diagnosis of @entity453 ; its safety in very elderly @entity1 is not established, and there are no standards for blood pressure and heart rate response. METHODS AND RESULTS: The test was performed using up to 50   g/kg/min in 400 @entity1 : 164 middle-aged (age < 65 years), 187 elderly (age, 65-79 years), and 49 very elderly (age >/= 80 years). It was stopped because of side effects in 91 (23%) @entity1 . Serious side effects occurred in 1.5% of the @entity1 . There was a significant (60% +/- 35%) increase in heart rate, and a modest (10% +/- 19%) increase in the blood pressure (P <.001). The change in heart rate was similar in the three age groups, but there was a blunting of the blood pressure response with age. @entity551 was related to @entity63 only in the very old. CONCLUSIONS: High-dose @entity452 is safe in all age groups. @entity452 induces mainly a chronotropic and less a @entity101 response. The chronotropic response of the very old is similar with that of younger @entity1 , but the @entity101 response is blunted in this group.

title: Impact of Age on the Safety and the Hemodynamic Response Pattern During High Dose XXXX Echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['Dobutamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With improved cure rates of @entity5 in @entity1 and adolescents, the long-term effects of oncological treatment, including impaired fertility, have become an important clinical issue. METHODS: In 2008, we conducted a nationwide survey in Germany in which we asked 4689 female and male @entity1 who had been treated for @entity5 in childhood or adolescence for information on menstruation, previous fertility testing (if any), attempts to conceive, and pregnancies. In a complementary study carried out in 2009, 748 former @entity5 @entity1 in Berlin were offered hormone testing and sperm analysis. The defined criteria for suspected @entity249 were, in women, anti-muellerian hormone levels below 0.1 ng/mL; in @entity1 , FSH levels above 10 IU/L and inhibin B levels below 80 pg/mL, or @entity3893 . RESULTS: The respondents to the nationwide survey included 1476 @entity1778 survivors and 1278 @entity1 who had had a solid @entity5 . 104 former @entity1778 @entity1 and 96 former solid @entity5 @entity1 had already undergone fertility testing, leading to the suspicion of @entity249 in 26% and 34% of the @entity1 in these respective groups (95% confidence intervals [CI], 18%-34% and 25%-43%). The @entity1 who were tested in the Berlin study included 59 @entity1778 survivors and 104 @entity1 who had had a solid @entity5 . The frequency of suspected @entity249 in these two groups was 25% and 27%, respectively (95% CI, 14%-36% and 18%-36%). CONCLUSION: Up to one-third of adults who undergo fertility testing after having been treated for @entity5 in childhood or adolescence have suspected @entity249 . @entity1 and their parents should be counseled about the possibility of @entity249 and about fertility-preserving measures.

title: @entity249 after treatment for XXXX and @entity5 in childhood and adolescence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Octaplex  , a six factor @entity556 complex concentrate (PCC), has recently been approved for use in Canada. The optimal dose of @entity30971 has yet to be established and our study was designed to monitor the efficacy of a low standard dose. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity1 on @entity1229 treatment in need of urgent reversal for @entity548 , invasive procedures or surgery were given a standard dose of 40 ml (1000 IU @entity4682 , 14 IU/kg). We conducted a retrospective chart review of 231 @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity1 given concurrent frozen plasma (FP) for reversal were eliminated from the study. Overall, 150 @entity1 were reviewed and divided into three groups: (1) non-CNS bleeders, (2) CNS bleeders, and (3) non-bleeders. Correction of INR to 1.5 or less was achieved to the same extent in each group. @entity1 with active @entity548 had the least successful @entity548 cessation and @entity1 with @entity510 had the most dismal outcome compared to non-intracranial bleeders. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggests that Octaplex, when given as a low standard dose is effective at INR reversal with 76% of our @entity1 correcting to an INR of 1.5 or less. It appears that this dose is sufficient for non- @entity548 @entity1 . Bleeding @entity1 may benefit most from a dose increase to achieve more complete reversal and @entity1 with @entity510 should achieve more complete reversal within 2h of presentation.

title: @entity556 complex concentrate for the urgent reversal of XXXX . Assessment of a standard dosing protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['warfarin']


abstract: A National Survey of the Oral Health of U.S. @entity1 aged 5 to 17 was conducted by the National Institute of Dental Research during the 1986-87 school year. Eleven thousand and seven adolescents aged 14 to 17 years received a periodontal assessment. Their patterns of loss of periodontal attachment as assessed by probing at mesial sites were used to classify adolescents as cases of early onset @entity2521 . Approximately 0.53% of adolescents nation-wide were estimated to have localized @entity6223 (LJP), 0.13% to have generalized @entity6223 (GJP), and 1.61% to have incidental loss of attachment (LA) (greater than or equal to 3 mm on 1 or more teeth). The total number of adolescents affected were not trivial. Close to 70,000 adolescents in the U.S. were estimated to have LJP in 1986-87. More destructive GJP affected an estimated 17,000 adolescents. Another 212,000 adolescents were estimated to have incidental LA. Blacks were at much greater risk for all forms of early onset @entity2521 than whites. Males were clearly more likely (4.3 to 1) to have GJP than females when other variables were statistically controlled. Gender associations were more complicated for LJP because gender interacted with race. Black males were 2.9 times as likely to have LJP as black females. In contrast, white females were more likely than white males to have the disease by about the same odds. When interactions among demographic variables exist, caution must be taken in comparing results from different studies.

title: Early onset XXXX in the United States of America.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6223 :: ('MESH:D010520', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: CONTEXT: There are international guidelines on thyroid function testing and management of @entity1375 during pregnancy. Few studies have evaluated how they are implemented into clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: In this descriptive study, we assessed the implementation of international guidelines in this field into local guidelines and also into clinical practice. DESIGN AND @entity1 : In a nationwide survey, all guidelines in Sweden were collected (n = 29), and the adherence of the local guidelines to The Endocrine Society Guidelines 2007 was evaluated. In a follow-up in 1 district, 5254 pregnant @entity1 with an estimated date of delivery between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2011, were included for subsequent review of their medical reports. RESULTS: All but 1 district had guidelines on the subject. All local guidelines included fewer than the 10 listed reasons for thyroid testing recommended by The Endocrine Society Guidelines. Furthermore, most guidelines recommended additional types of thyroid function tests to TSH sampling and lower trimester-specific TSH upper reference limits for @entity1 on @entity1955 treatment (P < .001). In the follow-up, the thyroid testing rate was 20%, with an overall frequency of @entity1 with trimester-specific elevated TSH of 18.5%. More than half of the @entity1 (50.9%) who were on @entity1955 treatment at conception had an elevated TSH level at thyroid testing according to The Endocrine Society Guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: The local guidelines are variable and poorly compliant with international guidelines. Performance of thyroid testing is not optimal, and rates of elevated TSH at testing are extremely high in subgroups.

title: Thyroid testing and management of XXXX during pregnancy: a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['levothyroxine']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['hypothyroidism']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1031 are described in about 1% of the @entity1 undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFA). The aim of this study was to analyze @entity715 after RFA and to determine prothrombotic states in @entity1 with @entity715 . METHODS: We analyzed data from 400 @entity1 (212 females) who underwent 453 RFA procedures for @entity4710 . Transthoracic echocardiography was performed one day before and after RFA in all @entity1 . We evaluated the clinical and laboratory (in @entity1 with @entity715 after RFA) risk factors of @entity1031 . RESULTS: We observed @entity715 complication in 7 (1.75%) @entity1 (6 females), thrice flail @entity715 in the right atrium, flail @entity715 in the inferior vena cava, femoral @entity715 with massive @entity1151 , @entity2096 and @entity1416 ; four of them were asymptomatic. As a prothrombotic state we identified @entity5337 mutation in one case and the use of oral contraceptives in two cases. Two other @entity1 had a positive history of @entity1031 events. In a subgroup of females the use of oral contraceptives (p = 0.13) or a positive history of @entity1031 (p = 0.21) were not identified as important risk factors. CONCLUSION: Echocardiographic detection of asymptomatic @entity715 contributed to the higher percentage of these complications in our study. Although we can identify the risk factor (laboratory or clinical) in a majority of @entity1 with a @entity1031 complication, occurrence of these complications is unpredictable.

title: Analysis of XXXX after catheter ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity digital arteries embolization']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'Thromboembolic complications', 'thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic complications', 'thrombus', 'thrombotic', 'vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['femoral vein mural thrombus']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombotic complications']


abstract: Introduced in 1988 by Kaneko and colleagues, selective ophthalmic arterial infusion of chemotherapeutic drug has recently gained more interest among @entity995 experts worldwide. The report showed that the procedure could be repeated up to 12 treatments without serious side effects. We report a 4-year-old @entity1 with @entity995 . The left eye was enucleated for the group E disease. The right eye started with 3 @entity12621 (group C) was treated with systemic chemotherapy plus local therapy. Seven months after the last cycle of chemotherapy, the @entity5 recurred close to the fovea. Systemic chemotherapy was reinitiated without success. To avoid aggressive cryotherapy and external-beam radiotherapy, selective ophthalmic arterial infusion of chemotherapeutic drugs was performed for 15 sessions. The @entity5 responded partially without evidence of drug-induced @entity989 by the electroretinogram. Minor irregularities of the inner wall of supraclinoid portion of the internal carotid artery were observed only at the sixth session. Narrowing of the vascular lumen occurred on the last 2 sessions. We demonstrate that this technique when performed repeatedly could result in the anatomic changes of the small blood vessel. Careful follow-up is necessary for early detection of any serious consequences.

title: Selective ophthalmic arterial infusion of chemotherapeutic drugs for recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12621 :: ('MESH:D019572', 'Disease') :: ['retinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral retinoblastoma', 'retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']


abstract: @entity8665 and @entity7695 are lipid-soluble antioxidants found within the macula region of the retina. Links have been suggested between increased levels of these carotenoids and reduced risk for @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). Therefore, the effect of @entity8665 -based supplementation on retinal and visual function in @entity1 with early stages of @entity1020 ( @entity1020 , ARM) was assessed using multifocal electroretinography (mfERG), contrast sensitivity and distance visual acuity. A total of fourteen @entity1 were randomly allocated to either receive a @entity8665 -based oral supplement (treated group) or no supplement (non-treated group). There were eight @entity1 aged between 56 and 81 years (65  50 (SD 9  27) years) in the treated group and six @entity1 aged between 61 and 83 years (69  67 (SD 7  52) years) in the non-treated group. Sample sizes provided 80% power at the 5% significance level. @entity1 attended for three visits (0, 20 and 40 weeks). At 60 weeks, the treated group attended a fourth visit following 20 weeks of supplement withdrawal. No changes were seen between the treated and non-treated groups during supplementation. Although not clinically significant, mfERG ring 3 N2 latency (P=0  041) and ring 4 P1 latency (P=0  016) increased, and a trend for reduction of mfERG amplitudes was observed in rings 1, 3 and 4 on supplement withdrawal. The statistically significant increase in mfERG latencies and the trend for reduced mfERG amplitudes on withdrawal are encouraging and may suggest a potentially beneficial effect of @entity8665 -based supplementation in ARM-affected eyes.

title: The effects of a @entity8665 -based supplement on objective and subjective measures of retinal and visual function in eyes with XXXX -- a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['age-related macular disease', 'age-related maculopathy', 'ARMD']

entities_list: @entity7695 :: ('MESH:C005881', 'Chemical') :: ['zeaxanthin']

entities_list: @entity8665 :: ('MESH:D014975', 'Chemical') :: ['lutein', 'Lutein']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['age-related maculopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: The Medical Research Council Adjuvant Gastric Infusional Chemotherapy (MAGIC) trial established perioperative @entity1259 , @entity900 , and @entity1487 chemotherapy as a standard of care for @entity1 with resectable esophagogastric @entity5 . However, identification of @entity1 at risk for relapse remains challenging. We evaluated whether pathologic response and lymph node status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy are prognostic in @entity1 treated in the MAGIC trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pathologic regression was assessed in resection specimens by two independent pathologists using the Mandard @entity5 regression grading system (TRG). Differences in @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) according to TRG were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate analyses using the Cox proportional hazards method established the relationships among TRG, clinical-pathologic variables, and @entity1349 . RESULTS: Three hundred thirty resection specimens were analyzed. In chemotherapy-treated @entity1 with a TRG of 1 or 2, median @entity1349 was not reached, whereas for @entity1 with a TRG of 3, 4, or 5, median @entity1349 was 20.47 months. On univariate analysis, high TRG and lymph node @entity3 were negatively related to survival (Mandard TRG 3, 4, or 5: hazard ratio [HR], 1.94; 95% CI, 1.11 to 3.39; P = .0209; lymph node @entity3 : HR, 3.63; 95% CI, 1.88 to 7.0; P < .001). On multivariate analysis, only lymph node status was independently predictive of @entity1349 (HR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.70 to 6.63; P < .001). CONCLUSION: Lymph node @entity3 and not pathologic response to chemotherapy was the only independent predictor of survival after chemotherapy plus resection in the MAGIC trial. Prospective evaluation of whether omitting postoperative chemotherapy and/or switching to a noncross-resistant regimen in @entity1 with lymph node-positive disease whose @entity5 did not respond to preoperative @entity1259 , @entity900 , and @entity1487 may be appropriate.

title: Effect of XXXX Response and Nodal Status on Survival in the Medical Research Council Adjuvant Gastric Infusional Chemotherapy Trial.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Pathologic Tumor']


abstract: @entity11184 ( @entity11184 ) is a major cause of humoral @entity2741 of @entity5 , but has also been widely found in fetal and adult non-neoplastic tissues. Lactating mammary gland has been shown to produce large amounts of @entity11184 , and high levels of @entity11184 have been measured in milk. We have examined the influences of several substances on the secretion of two different forms of @entity11184 by primary cultures of mammary cells isolated from lactating @entity35 to examine the regulatory mechanisms of @entity11184 production by mammary cells. Primary cultures of mammary cells seeded at a density of 10(5) cells per 35 mm culture dish were grown on collagen gels. First, after cells were left 24 hours for attachment and incubated in 2 % FCS containing medium with for 12 hours, @entity11184 (1 - 87) secretions were measured in conditioned medium with hormone supplementation for 1, 24 and 48 hours. @entity1420 (10(-7) - 10(-5) mol/l) significantly suppressed @entity11184 (1 - 87) secretion in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.01), while @entity53 had no influence on @entity11184 (1 - 87) secretion. Prolactin, a known stimulator of @entity11184 expression in vivo, had no effect in this in vitro model. Second, @entity11184 (1 - 34) secretion levels from confluent lactating mammary cells for 24 hours were evaluated. The same results were obtained in the case of @entity11184 (1 - 87) secretion from non-confluent cells. Furthermore, @entity619 (10(-6) mol/l) significantly suppressed @entity11184 (1 - 34) secretion (p < 0.01). These results suggest that @entity11184 production from the lactating mammary gland is suppressed by @entity1420 as well as @entity619 . @entity1420 dramatically falls after delivery, thus possibly accelerating @entity11184 production by lactating mammary glands and resulting in considerable amounts of @entity11184 secreted into the milk.

title: Regulatory factors on parathyroid hormone-related peptide production by primary culture of lactating XXXX mammary gland.

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity11184 :: ('24695(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Parathyroid hormone-related protein', 'PTHrP']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity2968 is rare in the osteocartilaginous tissues of the larynx. We describe a 23-year-old @entity1 with a 6-month history of progressive hoarseness and an enlarging neck mass. Computed tomography demonstrated a 4-cm mass with central cystic change arising in the right ala of the thyroid cartilage. A hemilaryngectomy was performed. Grossly, the lesion was expansile and circumscribed, but unencapsulated. On microscopic examination, numerous multinucleated giant cells were evenly dispersed within a cellular and vascular stroma. The findings were characteristic of @entity2968 . The @entity1 has been disease free for 56 months. A review of the international literature yielded 11 cases. No lesion is known to have recurred after surgical excision, irradiation, or both. We present a clinicopathologic analysis of @entity2967 involving the larynx and conclude that @entity2967 are associated with a favorable clinical outcome.

title: XXXX of the larynx. Case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity2968 :: ('MESH:D018212', 'Disease') :: ['Giant cell tumor of bone', 'giant cell tumor of bone']

answer: @entity2967 :: (MESH:D005870,Disease) :: ['Giant cell tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) is a rare histologic subtype that demonstrates poor outcomes in @entity43 . The Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group conducted the first randomized phase III, @entity1358 -specific clinical trial that compared @entity2600 and @entity900 ( @entity1191 -P) with @entity1311 plus @entity3003 (TC) in @entity1 with @entity1358 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Six hundred sixty-seven @entity1 with stage I to IV @entity1358 of the ovary were randomly assigned to receive @entity2600 60 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, and 15 plus @entity900 60 mg/m(2) on day 1 (CPT-P group) every 4 weeks for six cycles or @entity1311 175 mg/m(2) plus @entity3003 area under the curve 6.0 mg/mL/min on day 1 every 3 weeks for six cycles (TC group). The primary end point was progression-free survival. Secondary end points were overall survival, overall response rate, and adverse events. RESULTS: Six hundred nineteen @entity1 were clinically and pathologically eligible for evaluation. With a median follow-up of 44.3 months, 2-year progression-free survival rates were 73.0% in the CPT-P group and 77.6% in TC group (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.58; P = .85). Two-year overall survival rates were 85.5% with CPT-P and 87.4% with TC (hazard ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.80 to 1.61; one-sided P = .76). Grade 3/4 @entity448 , @entity294 , @entity390 , @entity391 , and @entity1398 occurred more frequently with CPT-P, whereas grade 3/4 @entity1431 , @entity1398 , @entity882 , @entity1897 , and joint @entity158 occurred more frequently with TC. CONCLUSION: No significant survival benefit was found for CPT-P. Both regimens were well tolerated, but the @entity137 profiles differed significantly. Treatment with existing anticancer agents has limitations to improving the prognosis of @entity1358 .

title: Randomized Phase III Trial of @entity2600 Plus XXXX Compared With @entity1311 Plus @entity3003 As First-Line Chemotherapy for @entity43 : JGOG3017/GCIG Trial.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Clear cell carcinoma', 'CCC']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['Cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We studied seventy-three massive preserved @entity1 allografts, retrieved from two to 156 months after implantation, to provide insight into the mechanisms of their repair. METHODS: The specimens were studied with radiographic and histological techniques that permitted time-related quantitative analysis of the reparative mechanisms of union, cortical repair, soft-tissue attachment, @entity174 , and characteristics of the allograft-cement interface and the articular cartilage. RESULTS: Union at cortical-cortical junctions occurred slowly (approximately twelve months) by host-derived external callus that bridged the junction and filled the gap between abutting cortices. The bone in the gap did not undergo stress-oriented remodeling even after many years, and, when the union was intentionally disrupted, failure occurred at the cement line that marked the allograft-host junction. Repair of the necrotic graft matrix was both external and internal. External repair consisted of the apposition of a thin seam of host bone on the outer surface of the graft, coating about 40% of the surface at one year and 80% at two years. Internal repair was confined to the ends and the periphery of the cortices and penetrated so slowly that only 15% to 20% of the graft was repaired by five years, after which deeper repair seldom occurred. Graft fractures in specimens retrieved soon after @entity174 showed only necrotic bone adjacent to the @entity174 site, whereas those retrieved after @entity174 -healing showed a marked increase in internal repair of the bone about the @entity174 site. When bone cement had been used to fix a prosthesis, there was no evidence of bone resorption or loosening of the device. The osteoarticular specimens showed no survival of chondrocytes in the articular cartilage. However, the architecture of the acellular cartilage was well preserved after two to three years and occasionally after as many as five years. Late degenerative changes in the articular cartilage coincided with subchondral revascularization and fragmentation, and the articulating surfaces became covered by a pannus of fibrovascular reparative tissue. Degenerative changes in articular cartilage occurred earlier and were more advanced in specimens retrieved from @entity1 with an unstable joint than in those retrieved from @entity1 with a stable joint. CONCLUSIONS: Repair of massive @entity1 allografts is an indolent process that follows a fairly predictable course during the first few years and is influenced by other biological activities, such as @entity174 repair, supplementary autografting, and @entity5 recurrence.

title: Retrieved XXXX allografts : a clinicopathological study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Beta cells presenting islet epitopes are recognized and destroyed by autoreactive @entity405 T cells in type 1 @entity6 . These islet-specific T cells are believed to react with epitopes binding with high affinity to human leucocyte antigen (HLA) expressed on beta cells. However, this assumption might be flawed in case of islet @entity792 . We evaluated T cell recognition of the complete array of @entity2690 (PPI) peptides with regard to HLA binding affinity and T cell recognition. In a comprehensive approach, 203 overlapping 9-10mer PPI peptides were tested for HLA-A2 binding and subjected to binding algorithms. Subsequently, a high-throughput assay was employed to detect PPI-specific T cells in @entity1 blood, in which conditional HLA ligands were destabilized by ultraviolet irradiation and HLA molecules refolded with arrays of PPI peptides, followed by quantum-dot labelling and T cell staining. Analysis of @entity1 blood revealed high frequencies of @entity405 T cells recognizing very low HLA binding peptides. Of 28 peptides binding to HLA-A2, a majority was predicted not to bind. Unpredicted peptides bound mainly with low affinities. HLA binding affinity and immunogenicity may not correlate in @entity792 . Algorithms used to predict high-affinity HLA peptide binders discount the majority of low-affinity HLA binding epitopes. Appreciation that peptides binding HLA with very low affinity can act as targets of autoreactive T cells may help to understand loss of tolerance and disease pathogenesis and possibly point to tissue-specific immune intervention targets.

title: @entity405 T cell autoreactivity to XXXX epitopes with very low human leucocyte antigen class I binding affinity.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['preproinsulin']


abstract: We have previously shown that high shear stress inhibits growth of developing @entity8233 in a primate model of @entity736 ( @entity736 ) graft healing. We used this model to test the hypothesis that increased shear stress can cause @entity194 of an established @entity8233 . High porosity PTFE grafts were inserted into the aorto-iliac circulation bilaterally in @entity6599 . These grafts develop neointimal @entity1373 comprising smooth muscle cells and a luminal surface of confluent endothelium. Neointima was allowed to develop for 2 months. At that time 8 animals were sacrificed. In eight other animals blood flow in one of two grafts was increased by construction of a femoral @entity7838 . These animals were sacrificed 2 months later (4 months after graft placement). At four months, intimal cross sectional area was smaller on the high shear stress side compared to the contralateral, normal shear stress side (2.53 +/- 0.75 versus 6.83 +/- 0.65 mm2, P < .05). Neointima from grafts exposed to 2 months normal shear stress followed by 2 months of high shear stress had regressed when compared to normal-shear stress grafts studied at 2 months (2.53 +/- 0.75 versus 4.56 +/- 0.68 mm2, P < .05). Morphometric analysis using transmission electron microscopy revealed that the decrease in intimal cross sectional area was attributable to a loss of both smooth muscle cells and matrix. Endothelial @entity842 synthase was induced in high-flow graft intima. These observations support the conclusion that elevated shear stress can cause vessel wall @entity194 . This process might be mediated by @entity842 .

title: Increased blood flow induces regression of intimal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['PTFE', 'polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity7838 :: ('MESH:D001159', 'Disease') :: ['arterio-venous fistula']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['hyperplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the relevance of @entity131 ( @entity131 ) to @entity303 in the elderly. BACKGROUND: @entity131 is a prominent pathologic finding in some demented elderly, but the anatomic substrate and cognitive profiles of this @entity303 have not been well established. DESIGN/METHODS: An autopsy series, including dot-immunobinding assay to estimate neocortical synaptic density, of eight @entity1 (three @entity1 , five @entity1 ) with @entity131 on whom extensive antemortem neuropsychological testing was available. RESULTS: Mean age at onset was 72.0 (+/-9.8) (range, 59 to 89) with a mean duration of symptoms of 6.5 (+/-2.9) years. @entity1 were only mildly impaired with a mean MMSE of 20.9 (+/-4.9) and a mean DRS of 103.1 (+/-12.5) at presentation. @entity65 was present in 88%, with a mean Hachinski score of 3.4 (+/-2.2). No @entity1 had a history of @entity410 . Sixty-three percent had @entity308 or @entity308 symptoms. Neuropsychologically, most @entity1 presented with prominent @entity2414 and became progressively demented. Neuropathologically, isolated @entity131 was a rare finding; many @entity1 had either very mild or neocortical "plaque only or plaque predominant" @entity195 ( @entity195 ) in addition to @entity131 changes. Midfrontal neocortical @entity5473 counts were significantly reduced in all @entity131 @entity1 compared with controls (p = 0.0006). CONCLUSIONS: In the elderly, @entity131 can be a neuropathologic substrate of @entity303 . Clinically, it can be associated with a course that is difficult to distinguish from @entity195 although @entity299 and @entity308 are frequent concomitants. Deterioration of cognitive function in these subjects may relate to other pathologic features such as neocortical synapse loss.

title: XXXX contributes to @entity303 in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory and language deficits']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Hippocampal sclerosis']


abstract: To assess the clinical characteristics of @entity1092 ( @entity2052 )-associated @entity788 , information from three sources was gathered: (a) a survey among 507 physicians with a special interest in treatment of @entity302 , (b) a review of the authors' @entity1 population, and (c) a review of the literature. Of 366 physicians answering the survey, 53 (14.5%) reported a case of @entity788 . Thirty-nine cases were available for review (24 from the medical literature, 12 from the survey, and 3 from the authors). @entity788 appeared to be more frequent in young @entity1 (mean age 16.4 years) but may occur at any age. The highest risk appears to exist during the first months of treatment: 43.8% of the cases developed during the first 3 months, and 68.8% developed during the first year. Seventy-six percent of @entity1 were receiving polytherapy, and 41% had some form of associated chronic @entity75 . In most @entity1 , the reaction was rapidly reversible when @entity2052 was discontinued. It was severe in 6 @entity1 , with 3 deaths reported. Rechallenge with @entity2052 was attempted in 9 @entity1 , with a high incidence of relapses. Asymptomatic elevation of serum amylase in @entity1 receiving @entity2052 was reported by 40 (10.9%) of the physicians surveyed. Awareness of the problem and early discontinuation of @entity2052 may be effective in preventing serious reactions.

title: @entity1092 -associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: Measures of socioeconomic status have been shown to be related positively to levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 in white @entity1 and @entity1 and negatively in African American @entity1 . However, there is little information regarding the association between educational attainment and HDL fractions or apolipoproteins. The authors examined these associations in 9,407 white and 2,664 African American @entity1 and @entity1 aged 45-64 years who participated in the @entity731 Risk in Communities Study baseline survey, and they found racial differences. A positive association for HDL @entity165 , its fractions @entity9477 and @entity9478 @entity165 , and its associated @entity1675 was found in white @entity1 and white @entity1 , but a negative association was found in African American @entity1 , and there was no association in African American @entity1 . In whites, there was also an inverse association of low density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 and @entity755 with educational attainment. With the exception of African American @entity1 , advanced education was associated with a more favorable cardiovascular lipid profile, which was strongest in white @entity1 . Racial differences in total @entity165 ( @entity1 only), plasma @entity1674 , LDL @entity165 , @entity755 ( @entity1 only), HDL @entity165 , @entity9477 and @entity9478 @entity165 , and @entity1675 were reduced at higher levels of educational attainment. Apart from @entity1674 in @entity1 and @entity9478 @entity165 in @entity1 , these African American-white lipid differences associated with educational attainment remained statistically significant after multivariable adjustment for lifestyle factors. Lipoprotein(a) showed no association with educational attainment. These findings confirm African American-white differences in lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins across levels of educational attainment that were not explained by conventional nondietary lifestyle variables. Understanding these differences associated with educational attainment will assist in identifying measures aimed at prevention of @entity65 .

title: African American-white differences in lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins, by educational attainment, among middle-aged adults: the XXXX Risk in Communities Study.

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein A-I']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1466 is a @entity3567 which causes high mortality if left untreated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non protein-coding RNAs which inhibit target gene expression. The role of miRNAs in @entity1466 , however, is not well understood. In this study, we examined the effect of @entity7762 in @entity1466 . METHODS: @entity7762 was either inhibited or ectopically expressed transiently in two @entity1466 cell lines (BeWo and JEG-3) respectively. Its actions on cell invasion, proliferation and colony formation at low cell density were examined. The @entity7762 putative target Notch ligand Delta-like 1 ( @entity15974 ) was identified by adoption of different approaches including: in-silico analysis, functional luciferase assay and western blotting. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify changes in the expression of matrix proteinase in the treated cells. To nullify the effect of @entity7762 ectopic expression, we activated Notch signaling through force-expression of the Notch intracellular domain in the @entity7762 force-expressed cells. In addition, we studied the importance of @entity15974 in BeWo cell invasion through ligand stimulation and antibody inhibition. Furthermore, the induction in @entity5 formation of @entity7762 -inhibited BeWo cells in @entity915 @entity19 was investigated. RESULTS: Transient @entity7762 force-expression significantly suppressed cell proliferation and invasion in BeWo and JEG-3 cells. In @entity6619 miRNA target prediction, luciferase functional assays and Western blotting analysis demonstrated that @entity7762 regulated @entity15974 expression in both cell lines. Although force-expression of @entity7762 suppressed the expression of @entity15974 and @entity125 , the extent of suppression was higher in @entity15974 than @entity125 in both cell lines. @entity7762 -mediated @entity15974 suppression led to reduced @entity1495 and @entity2290 expression. The effect of @entity7762 on cell invasion was partially nullified by Notch signaling activation. @entity15974 ligand stimulated while anti- @entity15974 antibody treatment suppressed cell invasion. @entity19 inoculated with BeWo cells transfected with @entity7762 inhibitor had significantly larger xenografts and stronger @entity15974 expression than those with cells transfected with the control inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7762 reduced cell proliferation and invasiveness, at least, partially through its inhibitory effect on @entity15974 .

title: MicroRNA-34a is a @entity5 suppressor in XXXX via regulation of Delta-like1.

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase-type plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['Choriocarcinoma', 'choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metallopeptidase 9']

entities_list: @entity3567 :: ('MESH:D014328', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic tumor']

answer: @entity1466 :: (MESH:D002822,Disease) :: ['choriocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity20649 plays important roles in @entity413 metabolism, appetite, and body weight regulation, and recent evidence suggests @entity20649 prevents excessive @entity148 under conditions of chronic stress. METHODS: We used @entity20649 knockout ( @entity22102 -/-) @entity19 to examine the role of endogenous @entity20649 in @entity146 and @entity2339 ( @entity2339 ) responses to acute stress. RESULTS: @entity22102 -/- @entity19 are more anxious after acute restraint stress, compared with @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 , with three independent behavioral tests. Acute restraint stress exacerbated neuronal activation in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and medial nucleus of the amygdala in @entity22102 -/- @entity19 compared with @entity164 , and exogenous @entity20649 reversed this effect. Acute stress increased neuronal activation in the centrally projecting Edinger-Westphal nucleus in @entity164 but not @entity22102 -/- @entity19 . @entity22102 -/- @entity19 exhibited a lower @entity2819 response after stress, suggesting dysfunctional glucocorticoid negative feedback in the absence of @entity20649 . We found no differences in @entity619 -induced Fos expression between @entity22102 -/- and @entity164 @entity19 , suggesting central feedback was not impaired. @entity11982 replacement elevated plasma @entity2819 in @entity22102 -/-, compared with @entity164 @entity19 , indicating increased adrenal sensitivity. The @entity11982 response to acute stress was significantly reduced in @entity22102 -/- @entity19 , compared with control subjects. Pro-opiomelanocortin anterior pituitary cells express significant growth hormone secretagogue receptor. CONCLUSIONS: @entity20649 reduces @entity148 after acute stress by stimulating the @entity2270 at the level of the anterior pituitary. A novel neuronal growth hormone secretagogue receptor circuit involving urocortin 1 neurons in the centrally projecting Edinger-Westphal nucleus promotes an appropriate stress response. Thus, @entity20649 regulates acute stress and offers potential therapeutic efficacy in @entity1 mood and @entity66 .

title: XXXX regulates the @entity2339 and restricts @entity148 after acute stress.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stress disorders']

entities_list: @entity11982 :: ('18976(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['adrenocorticotropic hormone', 'Adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['anxious behavior']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPA', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity20649 :: (58991(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Ghrelin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the morbidity rate due to @entity309 ( @entity309 ) in the Polish population during 2008-2012, calculated per 1,000 inhabitants, and taking into account the differences between provincess, area of residence (urban or rural) and gender. MATERIALS AND METHOD: From the NFZ IT systems, PESEL number information was obtained for all 17 types of services contracted in 2008-2012, for @entity1 whose main diagnosis in the report was the ICD-10 disease code: M05.X - seropositive @entity309 , or M06.X - other @entity309 . The number of @entity1 , gender and age were calculated based on the PESEL number provided in the statistical reports of the @entity1 with the analysed ICD-10 diagnosis. Urban and rural cases were compared using commune @entity10688 codes. The basis for classifying the @entity1 as a member of an urban or rural population was the @entity10688 Code of the declared place of residence. Urban and rural areas are classified based on administrative criteria provided by the Central Statistical Office: the National Official Register of Territorial Division of the Country (TERYT). RESULTS: During the studied period the number of @entity309 @entity1 increased from 173,844-230,892. In urban areas, the most @entity1 were recorded in the   l  skie Province, the least in Lubuskie Province. @entity1 from rural areas were approx. 1/3(rd) of the total population of @entity1 in Poland. In rural areas, the most @entity1 were recorded in the Mazowieckie Province, the least in Lubuskie Province. The morbidity rate in cities was 5.08 in 2008 and increased to 8.14 in 2012 in rural areas, respectively, it was 3.74 and increased to 3.98. Regardless of the place of residence the @entity1 fell ill 3.5 times more frequently. The lowest morbidity rate, both in @entity22550 , was recorded in the Lubuskie Province, the largest in   wi  tokrzyskie Province. The the most probable explanation of the highest morbidity rate in the latter province is a worse access to a rheumatologist: in this province there is the lowest number of inhabitants per one employed rheumatologist. CONCLUSION: In Poland, the number of @entity309 sufferers is increasing, which is probably a result of increasing life expectancy. In Poland, also exists a differences in morbidity between urban and rural inhabitants. Differences may also derive from undiagnosed cases of the disease.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX ( @entity309 ) in @entity22550 of Poland - 2008-2012.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity22550 :: ('MESH:C538276', 'Disease') :: ['rural and urban areas']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis', 'rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis']


abstract: Extensive lesions of the cervical @entity825 can occur as a result of @entity600 , @entity32 , @entity5 disease or @entity130 . If a short segment of the @entity825 is resected primary @entity254 may be possible. The problem of how to treat lesions longer than 50% of total tracheal length is still unresolved. The aim of our study was to clarify the possible use and limitations of small bowel interposition for tracheal replacement in veterinary model. We resected 6 cm of the cervical @entity825 of 5 adult mongrel @entity235 . Autolog jejunum free flap was used for replacement. The wall of the implant was supported with 5 @entity736 rings placed on the outer surface of the bowel perpendicular to its axis. We performed the surgery in two stages. Intraoperative tracheostomy was necessary in every case. The tracheal tube extended through the whole length of the implant. The survivals, the viability of the graft and complications were examined. The length of survival ranged between 18 h and 72 h. In one case obstruction of the tracheal tube occurred, in 3 cases the micro vessel @entity254 of the graft thrombosed, in one case both complications developed. In our experience use of the small bowel flap was complicated with fatal technical difficulties. The micro vessel @entity254 proved to be highly risky. Further investigations are needed to improve the results with this method.

title: [Partial replacement of the XXXX with jejunal autograft in the @entity235 ].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity825 :: (MESH:D055090,Disease) :: ['trachea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Food is one of the leading causes of @entity2021 . In the Netherlands, @entity1 visit a general practitioner (GP) as often as an emergency department (ED) in case of an acute food @entity56 . So far, the management of food @entity56 by GPs has not been investigated. Therefore, we explored the management of acute food @entity56 by GPs regarding specific treatment, observation period, prescription of emergency medication to treat new episodes, diet advices and referral to a specialist. METHODS: A questionnaire containing three hypothetical cases (two anaphylactic and one mild case) with questions about their management was sent to 571 GPs. RESULTS: Overall, treatment choice was dependent on the severity of the reaction (mild vs. @entity2021 , P < .001). However, @entity1425 was used for treatment of @entity2021 with mainly @entity1576 in only 27% and for @entity2021 with mainly cardiovascular symptoms in 73%. At discharge, the percentages for prescription of self-injectable @entity1425 were 53% and 77%, respectively. A short observation period of <2 hours was advised by 42% of general practitioners in case of @entity2021 . CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of food induced @entity2021 by GPs appears to be suboptimal: a considerable number of @entity1 would not be treated with @entity1425 for the acute reaction (especially anaphylactic cases with @entity1576 ), the observation period chosen by GPs was often too short and self-injectable @entity1425 was not always prescribed at discharge to treat possible new episodes. Education programs are needed to increase the awareness of GPs to recognize and treat anaphylactic reactions.

title: Management of acute food XXXX by general practitioners.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction', 'allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic reactions']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the current standard of care of ophthalmologists who are likely to encounter ocular surface @entity5 (OSSN) in their practices and to compare this with data gathered in 2003. METHODS: Invitations to a web-based survey were sent to members of the Ocular Microbiology and Immunology Group. In addition, the survey was posted to the @entity267 Society Listserv, Keranet. The survey contained questions regarding the surgical and medical management of OSSN and postcare follow-up. The results of this survey were compared with the results of a 2003 survey, where possible, to identify the areas of change in the standard of care. RESULTS: Eighty-one ophthalmologists participated in the survey. Seventy-nine percent of the responders thought that there was enough evidence for topical monotherapy in OSSN, but only 58% reported ever using topical agents as monotherapy. First-line topical therapy was interferon a2b (56%) followed by @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) (37%). A shift from surgical excision alone to excision followed by topical therapy was seen when comparing the 2012 survey to the 2003 survey. The preferred postexcision topical agent was @entity1139 . Seventy-five percent of responders evaluate their @entity1 every 2 to 4 months during the first 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: Topical agents were being used more in 2012, either in combination with surgical excision or as monotherapy, compared with those used in 2003. Interferon has replaced @entity1139 as the agent most used for topical monotherapy, possibly because of a favorable safety and tolerance profile. Prospective randomized trials are needed to better define the ideal practice patterns.

title: Ocular surface XXXX : a survey of changes in the standard of care from 2003 to 2012.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['squamous neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['squamous neoplasia']