abstract: In @entity238 oogenesis, several morphogenetic determinants and other developmental factors synthesized in the nurse cells have been shown to accumulate in the oocyte during pre- to mid-vitellogenic stages. However, the mechanisms of the involved intercellular transport processes that seem to be rather selective have not been revealed so far. We have investigated in vitro, by means of video-enhanced contrast time-lapse microscopy, the transport of cytoplasmic particles from the nurse cells through ring canals into the oocyte during oogenesis stages 6-10A. At stage 7, we first observed single particles moving into the previtellogenic oocyte. The particle transfer was strictly unidirectional and seemed to be selective, since only some individual particles moved whereas other particles lying in the vicinity of the ring canals were not transported. The observed transport processes were inhibitable with @entity3212 , @entity2389 or @entity8816 , but not with microtubule inhibitors. At the beginning of vitellogenesis (stage 8), the selective translocation of particles through the ring canals became faster (up to 130 nm/second) and more frequent (about 1 particle/minute), whereas during mid-vitellogenesis (stages 9-10A) the velocity and the frequency of particle transport decreased again. Following their more or less rectilinear passage through the ring canals, the particles joined a circular stream of cytoplasmic particles in the oocyte. This ooplasmic particle streaming started at stage 6/7 with velocities of about 80 nm/second and some reversals of direction at the beginning. The particle stream in the oocyte was sensitive to @entity3812 and @entity5713 , but not to cytochalasin B, and we presume that it reflects the rearrangement of ooplasmic microtubules described recently by other authors. We propose that during stages 7-10A, a selective transport of particles into the oocyte occurs through the ring canal along a polarized scaffold of cytoskeletal elements in which microfilaments are involved. This transport might be driven by a @entity24306 -like motor molecule. Either attached to, or organized into, such larger particles or organelles, specific mRNAs and proteins might become selectively transported into the oocyte.

title: Cytoskeleton-dependent transport of cytoplasmic particles in previtellogenic to mid-vitellogenic ovarian follicles of XXXX : time-lapse analysis using video-enhanced contrast microscopy.

entities_list: @entity3212 :: ('MESH:D019297', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4-dinitrophenol']

entities_list: @entity8816 :: ('MESH:D005033', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethylmaleimide']

entities_list: @entity2389 :: ('MESH:D003571', 'Chemical') :: ['cytochalasin B']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity63 in the placenta is considered the base of the pathogenesis of @entity1468 , a pregnancy-specific syndrome in which soluble @entity31973 (sEng) is a prognostic marker and plays a pathogenic role. Here, we investigated the effects of @entity519 and the downstream pathways in the release of sEng. METHODS AND RESULTS: Under @entity519 conditions, the trophoblast-like cell line JAR showed an increase in sEng parallel to an elevated formation of reactive @entity26 species. Because reactive @entity26 species are related to the formation of @entity19411 , we assessed the effect of @entity29113 , a natural ligand of the @entity23710 ( @entity23710 ), and the @entity23710 synthetic agonist @entity18340 . Treatment of JAR cells or @entity1 placental explants with @entity29113 or @entity18340 resulted in a clear increase in sEng that was dependent on @entity23710 . These @entity23710 agonists induced an increased matrix metalloproteinase-14 expression and activity and a significant reduction of its endogenous inhibitor, @entity11289 . In addition, @entity19 treated with @entity23710 agonists underwent an increase in the plasma sEng levels, concomitant with an increase in arterial pressure. Moreover, @entity19 overexpressing sEng displayed @entity101 . Finally, administration of an @entity31973 peptide containing the consensus matrix metalloproteinase-14 cleavage site G-L prevented the @entity19411 -dependent increase in arterial pressure and sEng levels in @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: These studies provide a clue to the involvement of the @entity23710 pathway in sEng release and its pathogenic role in @entity455 such as @entity1468 .

title: @entity19411 -induced soluble XXXX release and its involvement in @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disorders']

entities_list: @entity11289 :: ('21859(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity19411 :: ('CHEBI:53030', 'Chemical') :: ['oxysterol', 'oxysterols']

entities_list: @entity29113 :: ('MESH:C003585', 'Chemical') :: ['22-(R)-hydroxycholesterol']

answer: @entity31973 :: (13805(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['endoglin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The stem cell marker nestin recently has been shown to be expressed in nascent blood vessels in nestin-driven green fluorescent protein (ND-GFP) transgenic @entity19 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, we visualized by dual-color fluorescence imaging @entity5 angiogenesis in the ND-GFP transgenic @entity19 after orthotopic transplantation of the MIA PaCa-2 @entity1 @entity788 line expressing red fluorescent protein. @entity19 were treated with @entity136 at 150 mg/kg/dose on days 3, 6, 10, and 13 after @entity5 implantation. At day 14, @entity19 were sacrificed and mean nascent blood vessel density and @entity5 volume were calculated and compared to control @entity19 . RESULTS: Nestin was highly expressed in proliferating endothelial cells and nascent blood vessels in the growing @entity5 . Results of immunohistochemical staining showed that @entity5231 co-localized in ND-GFP-expressing nascent blood vessels. The density of nascent blood vessels in the @entity5 was readily quantitated. @entity136 significantly decreased the mean nascent blood vessel density in the @entity5 as well as decreased @entity5 volume. CONCLUSION: The dual-color model of the ND-GFP nude @entity19 orthotopically implanted with RFP-expressing @entity788 cells enabled the simultaneous visualization and quantitation of @entity5 angiogenesis and @entity5 volume. These results demonstrated for the first time that @entity136 is an inhibitor of angiogenesis as well as @entity5 growth in @entity788 . The results have important implications for the clinical application of @entity136 in this disease.

title: Dual-color imaging of nascent blood vessels vascularizing @entity788 in an orthotopic model demonstrates antiangiogenesis efficacy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice', 'Mice']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ) causes phasic inhibition via synaptic GABAA receptors and tonic inhibition via extrasynaptic GABAA receptors. @entity1246 levels in the extracellular space regulate arousal state and cognition by volume transmission via extrasynaptic GABAA receptors. GABAergic transmission in the pontine reticular formation promotes wakefulness. No previous studies have determined whether an agonist at extrasynaptic GABAA receptors administered into the pontine reticular formation alters sleep and wakefulness. Therefore, this study used @entity14916 ( @entity14916 ; agonist at extrasynaptic GABAA receptors that contain a    subunit) to test the hypothesis that extrasynaptic GABAA receptors within the pontine reticular formation modulate sleep and wakefulness. DESIGN: Within/between subjects. SETTING: University of Michigan. @entity1 OR @entity1 : Adult male Crl:CD*(SD) ( @entity35 (n = 10). INTERVENTIONS: Microinjection of @entity14916 , the nonsubtype selective GABAA receptor agonist muscimol (positive control), and saline (negative control) into the rostral pontine reticular formation. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: @entity14916 significantly increased wakefulness and decreased both nonrapid @entity1319 and rapid @entity1319 in a concentration-dependent manner. Relative to saline, @entity14916 did not alter electroencephalogram power. Microinjection of @entity6341 into the pontine reticular formation of the same @entity35 that received @entity14916 increased wakefulness and decreased sleep. CONCLUSION: Tonic inhibition via extrasynaptic GABAA receptors that contain a    subunit may be one mechanism by which the extracellular pool of endogenous @entity1246 in the rostral pontine reticular formation promotes wakefulness. CITATION: Vanini G; Baghdoyan HA. Extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in @entity35 pontine reticular formation increase wakefulness. SLEEP 2013;36(3):337-343.

title: Extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in XXXX pontine reticular formation increase wakefulness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity6341 :: ('MESH:D009118', 'Chemical') :: ['muscimol']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['Gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity14916 :: ('MESH:C015542', 'Chemical') :: ['gaboxadol', 'Gaboxadol', 'THIP']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley) rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['eye movement sleep']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity2178 gene has recently been linked to essential @entity101 . A variant within this gene, encoding @entity1889 rather than @entity1853 at @entity535 position 235, was associated with essential @entity101 . However, results of new studies have not confirmed this association, suggesting that ethnic differences may explain the different results. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the T235 variant is associated with a higher incidence of essential @entity101 among Hispanics (a group that has scarcely been evaluated) and to determine whether T235 is associated with variations in the plasma @entity916 activity or the serum @entity1369 level. @entity1 AND METHOD: We studied 64 @entity1 with essential @entity101 and 62 normotensives, matched for age and sex. We obtained samples for determinations of plasma @entity916 activity, serum @entity1369 level and genome DNA from all subjects. The genomic DNA was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction technique and digested by the restriction enzyme @entity797 (Sfa NI) which cuts M235 only, not T235. RESULTS: The @entity1 with essential @entity101 had a higher prevalence of the risk variant T235 (alleles 77/128 = 60.2%) than did the normotensive controls (alleles 65/124 = 52.4%), but the difference was not statistically significant (chi2=1.53, P=0.22). The plasma @entity916 activity levels in @entity101 were not statistically different for homozygous T235, heterozygous and homozygous M235 (1.0 +/- 0.96, 2.0 +/- 2.25 and 1.55 +/- 1.49 ng/ml per h, respectively, P=0.5 1). However, when we considered those @entity101 with low plasma @entity916 activity levels (< 1 ng/ml per h), we found a high prevalence (72.7%) of subjects homozygous for the T235 variant. We found no association between the T235 variant and the serum @entity1369 levels in @entity101 and normotensive subjects. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that there is a high prevalence of T235 variant in our Hispanic population. The slight difference between prevalences of T235 variant among @entity101 and normotensive subjects that we found was not statistically significant and did not permit us to establish an association between T235 variant and essential @entity101 . We believe that only studying a larger cohort of subjects could show whether there is a quantitative effect of the T allele on plasma @entity916 activity levels.

title: T235 variant of the XXXX gene and blood pressure in the Chilean population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensinogen']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['streptococcus faecalis']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity2178 :: (183,Gene) :: ['angiotensinogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hetereothermic mammals tolerate @entity519 during euthermy and torpor, and evidence suggests this tolerance may extend beyond @entity519 to @entity2806 . During hibernation, @entity1249 hippocampal neurons endure extreme fluctuations in cerebral blood flow during transitions into and out of torpor as well as reductions in cerebral blood flow during torpor. In vitro studies likewise show evidence of @entity63 tolerance in hippocampal slices harvested from euthermic ground squirrels; however, no studies have investigated tolerance in a clinically relevant model of in vivo global @entity2806 . The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the euthermic @entity10629 ( @entity10629 ; Spermophillus parryii) is resistant to injury from asphyxial @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ). METHODS: Estrous-matched female @entity35 were used as a positive control. Female euthermic @entity10629 and @entity35 were subjected to 8-minute @entity1167 . At the end of 7 days of reperfusion, @entity10629 and @entity35 were fixed for histopathological assessment. RESULTS: In @entity35 subjected to @entity1167 , the number of @entity63 neurons was significantly higher (P<0.001) compared with control @entity35 in hippocampus and striatum. Cortex was mildly injured. Surprisingly, neuronal counts in @entity10629 were not significantly different in @entity1167 and control groups in these brain regions. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that @entity10629 are remarkably tolerant to global @entity2806 during euthermia. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which @entity10629 tolerate severe reductions in blood flow during euthermia may provide novel neuroprotective strategies that may translate into significant improvements in @entity1 @entity1 outcomes after @entity1167 .

title: The arctic ground squirrel brain is resistant to injury from XXXX during euthermia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'CA']

entities_list: @entity10629 :: ('MESH:D007815', 'Disease') :: ['Arctic ground squirrel', 'AGS']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Because at present no pharmacologic prevention or treatment of @entity810 seems to be available, the authors updated a meta-analysis to investigate the effects of @entity18370 in reducing @entity810 in @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery, focusing on randomized placebo-controlled studies only. DESIGN: A meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials. SETTING: Hospitals. @entity1 : A total of 440 @entity1 from 6 studies were included in the analysis. INTERVENTIONS: None. The ability of @entity18370 to reduce @entity810 in the perioperative period when compared with placebo was investigated. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Google Scholar and PubMed were searched (updated January 1, 2012). Authors and external experts were contacted. Pooled estimates showed that @entity18370 consistently and significantly reduced the risk of @entity810 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23-0.74; p = 0.003), with a higher rate of @entity551 episodes and/or use of vasopressors (30/109 [27.5%] v 21/112 [18.8%]; OR = 2.09; 95% CI, 0.98-4.47; p = 0.06) and no effect on renal replacement therapy, survival, and length of intensive care unit or hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis suggests that @entity18370 reduces @entity810 in @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. Because the number of the enrolled @entity1 was small and there was no effect on renal replacement therapy or survival, a large, multicenter, and appropriately powered trial is needed to confirm these promising results.

title: @entity18370 and XXXX in cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity18370 :: ('MESH:D018818', 'Chemical') :: ['fenoldopam']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute renal failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Gastric paresis in @entity131 ( @entity131 ) hinders the effectiveness of enteral support in this @entity1 group. In this study we have investigated the effect of @entity1769 on gastric emptying in @entity131 @entity1 . METHOD: In this prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind study, 19 @entity131 @entity1 with Glasgow @entity772 Scale scores of 3-11 were included. In all @entity1 , enteral nutrition was commenced with a nasogastric feeding tube within 48 hours of @entity130 . @entity1 were randomized into two groups. In the @entity1769 (M) group, 10 mg @entity1769 was delivered intravenously three times daily for 5 days. In the control (C) group, an equal volume of saline was administered. Besides demographics, gastric emptying according to a @entity1443 absorption test at days 0 and 5, time to reach target nutritional requirements, gastric residues, intolerance to feeding, nutritional complications, and clinical outcomes were recorded for each @entity1 . RESULTS: The gastric residue rates were 2.7+/-7.4 mL and 8.1+/-17.7 mL per 100 @entity1 days for groups C and M respectively (p=0.408). Similarly, feeding intolerance and complication rates did not significantly differ between groups C and M, (respectively p=0.543 and 0.930). Gastric emptying parameters also were similar between the study groups. CONCLUSION: We were unable to document any advantage to using @entity1769 in @entity131 @entity1 . Simple intragastric enteral feeding with close monitoring of the possible complications seems to be sufficient with acceptable morbidity rates.

title: The effect of XXXX on gastric emptying in @entity131 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

answer: @entity1769 :: (MESH:D008787,Chemical) :: ['metoclopramide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the utility and accuracy of helical CT angiography (CTA) in the evaluation of @entity543 . METHODS: A comparison of CTA and conventional arteriogram was performed in 53 @entity1 undergoing evaluation for @entity543 . Ninety-six carotid systems were evaluable. CTA @entity850 was determined by the percent of area reduction seen on axial images through the level of greatest narrowing. MIP images were used to identify the point of maximal @entity850 and to visualize overall vascular anatomy. The percent diameter @entity850 was measured on conventional arteriograms using strict North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) and European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST) criteria. RESULTS: Significant correlation was found between CTA and arteriography (NASCET method R=0.87, ECST method R=0.87, p < 0.001). Using NASCET >60% as an indicator for disease, CTA had a sensitivity of 87%, specificity of 90%, accuracy of 89%, negative predictive value of 88%, and positive predictive value of 89%. CTA identified plaque characteristics such as @entity1066 (8), occlusion (10), fatty plaques (22), @entity730 (48), and @entity82 (2). CTA underestimated 2 cases of short segment stenoses because of volume averaging, but this discrepancy was detected by duplex scan. No complications or @entity8 occurred with CTA; 1 @entity1 became symptomatic during arteriography, necessitating termination of the procedure. CONCLUSION: CTA is a safe, non-invasive technique that precisely measures carotid artery area reduction and highly correlates to conventional arteriography. With this new technology, the current standards for carotid artery imaging may need to be reevaluated, and the precise role for helical CTA more clearly defined.

title: Helical CT angiography in the preoperative evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5658 is a rare @entity272 , and studies on its incidence and causes are lacking. The annual incidence has been estimated to be 1 to 2 @entity1 per 100,000 inhabitants. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the incidence and cause of @entity5658 in an unselected population and evaluated the referral pattern of erythrodermic @entity1 by nonacademic dermatologists. METHODS: A survey was performed among all nonacademic dermatologists in The Netherlands, using a mailed questionnaire. Questions dealt with the number of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5658 in the year 1997, the cause of the @entity5658 , and whether these @entity1 were referred to a university hospital. A questionnaire was also sent to all university hospitals. RESULTS: Seventy-eight percent of the nonacademic dermatologists answered the questionnaire, and all 8 university hospitals responded. In the year 1997, 141 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity5658 in The Netherlands. The annual incidence of @entity5658 based on these figures is 0.9 @entity1 per 100,000 inhabitants. Compared with the university hospitals, @entity5658 was more often diagnosed as an exacerbation of preexisting dermatoses (61% vs 51%; P =.37) and less often as idiopathic (14% vs 31%; P =.04) among the nonacademic dermatologists. @entity784 was rarely the cause, occurring in only 1% of @entity1 diagnosed by the nonacademic dermatologists but in 6% of @entity1 at the university hospitals. Overall, only 37% of nonacademic dermatologists referred @entity1 with @entity5658 to a university hospital. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity5658 in The Netherlands is slightly lower than the earlier estimate in the literature. Moreover, the cause of @entity5658 is different among @entity1 diagnosed in an academic and a nonacademic setting. The majority of dermatologists in The Netherlands treat @entity1 with @entity5658 themselves and do not refer these @entity1 to university hospitals.

title: The incidence of XXXX : a survey among all dermatologists in The Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5658 :: ('MESH:D003873', 'Disease') :: ['Erythroderma', 'erythroderma']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disorder']

answer: @entity5658 :: (MESH:D003873,Disease) :: ['erythroderma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We studied the frequency, location, extent, and signal characteristics of nonenhancing tissue in pedal @entity281 and correlated those areas with surgical and histologic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred ten contrast-enhanced 1.5-T MR imaging foot examinations in 102 @entity1 (28 @entity1 , 74 @entity1 ; mean age, 59 years), 82% of whom had @entity6 , were reviewed by two musculoskeletal radiologists for the presence of areas without recognizable enhancement. The number, size, location, signal characteristics, and enhancement ratio of nonenhancing regions were noted. MR imaging findings were compared with surgical and histology reports. RESULTS: Nonenhancing regions were found in 27 feet (24.5%, 96.3% in @entity6 @entity1 , p = 0.032) at the forefoot (n = 16), toes (n = 8), and heel (n = 3). The mean size of the nonenhancing regions was 4.1 x 2.7 x 1.4 cm. Signal characteristics on T1-weighted images were isointense to muscle (n = 21, 77.8%), hypointense to muscle (n = 3, 11.1%), heterogeneous (n = 2, 7.4%), and isointense to fat (n = 1, 3.7%). On T2-weighted images, the signal was hyperintense to muscle (n = 12, 44.4%), heterogeneous to muscle (n = 9, 33.3%), equal to fluid (n = 3, 11.1%), and hypointense to muscle (n = 3, 11.1%). The mean signal increase after contrast administration was 3.57% for observer 1 and 2.68% for observer 2. Necrotic tissue was surgically confirmed in the nonenhancing areas in 26 feet (96.3%). Five abscesses and three cases of @entity4034 were misdiagnosed on MR images because of lack of enhancement. CONCLUSION: Nonenhancing areas are seen in one fourth of pedal @entity281 , occur almost exclusively in @entity6 @entity1 , and represent @entity39 tissue. Only contrast-enhanced images allow reliable recognition of these regions. Lack of enhancement in these areas can mask the presence of @entity733 and @entity4034 .

title: Nonenhancing tissue on MR imaging of pedal infection: characterization of XXXX tissue and associated limitations for diagnosis of @entity4034 and @entity733 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrotic']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence of @entity2194 and @entity892 after uneventful @entity231 surgery. SETTING: An outpatient private practice eye institute. METHODS: One hundred thirty-eight @entity1 referred to 1 @entity231 surgeon were prospectively evaluated. Orthoptic evaluations were performed within 1 month before and then 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after @entity231 surgery. Anesthesia was by retrobulbar injection, and @entity231 extraction was done by phacoemulsification. RESULTS: @entity231 surgery was performed in 118 @entity1 . Preoperatively, 16 @entity1 had @entity2194 ; 10 were phoric, 4 were intermittently tropic, and 2 were tropic. Follow-up evaluation was obtained for 101 @entity1 (86%) at 1 day, 91 (77%) at 1 week, and 88 (75%) at 1 month. A change in ocular alignment occurred in 22 of 101 @entity1 (22%) at 1 day, 9 of 91 (10%) at 1 week, and 6 of 88 (7%) at 1 month. Only 1 @entity1 who had a change in alignment at 1 month was symptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: A persistent change in ocular alignment after uneventful @entity231 surgery occurred in 7% of @entity1 . However, symptomatic @entity892 was uncommon (1 in 118; 0.85%) in this relatively small series.

title: Incidence of XXXX and @entity892 after uneventful @entity231 surgery.

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular misalignment']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract', 'cataract']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['ocular misalignment']


abstract: Collisional @entity7493 transfer, CET, is of major importance in chemical, photochemical, and photophysical processes in the gas phase. In Paper I of this series (J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 8310) we have reported on the mechanism and quantities of CET between an excited @entity7935 and cold @entity7935 and Ar bath. In the present work, we report on CET between excited @entity8336 , @entity9836 , and @entity36161 with cold @entity7935 and Ar and on CET of excited @entity7935 with cold @entity8336 , @entity9836 , and @entity36161 . We compare our results with those of Paper I and report average vibrational, rotational, and translational @entity7493 quantities, <DeltaE>, transferred in a single collision. We discuss the effect of internal rotation on CET and the identity of the gateway modes in CET and the relative role of vibrational, rotational, and translational energies in the CET process, all that as a function of temperature and excitation @entity7493 . Energy transfer probability density functions, @entity5029 , for the various systems are reported and the shape of the curves for various systems and initial conditions is discussed. The major findings for polyatomic-polyatomic collisions are: CET takes place mainly via vibration-to-vibration @entity7493 transfer assisted by overall rotations. Internal free rotors in the excited molecule hinder @entity7493 exchange while in the bath molecule they do not. Energy transfer at low temperatures and high temperatures is more efficient than that at intermediate temperatures. Low-frequency modes are the gateway modes for @entity7493 transfer. Vibrational temperatures affect @entity7493 transfer. The CET probability density function, @entity5029 , is convex at low temperatures and can be concave at high temperatures. A mechanism that explains the high values of <DeltaE(a)> and the convex shape of @entity5029 is that in addition to short impulsive collisions there are chattering collisions where @entity7493 is transferred in a sequence of short encounters during the lifetime of the collision complex. This also leads to the observed supercollision tail at the down wing of @entity5029 . Polyatomic-Ar collisions show mechanistic similarities to polyatomic-polyatomic collisions, but there are also many dissimilarities: internal rotations do not inhibit @entity7493 transfer, @entity5029 is concave at all temperatures, and there is no contribution of chattering collisions.

title: Energy transfer between polyatomic molecules II: Energy transfer quantities and probability density functions in @entity7935 , XXXX , @entity9836 , and @entity36161 collisions.

answer: @entity8336 :: (MESH:D014050,Chemical) :: ['toluene']


abstract: PE-35 monoclonal antibody, detecting a @entity3058 of various types of @entity189 and normal epithelium, reacts exclusively with the medullary epithelium in the thymus; therefore, the antigen has been considered as a marker of medullary differentiation in @entity704 . Using the catalyzed signal amplification method, which made it possible to apply PE-35 to routinely processed, archival tissues, we examined expression of this antigen, together with @entity4896 reactivity of lymphocytes, in 40 thymic @entity5 subclassified using the M  1ler-Hermelink system. @entity704 infiltrated with a small number of @entity4896 -negative lymphocytes were PE-35 positive, although many of the long spindle @entity5 cells were PE-35 negative. Mixed @entity704 , both with prominent @entity4896 -positive lymphocytes, were also PE-35 positive, although some areas of the latter type were PE-35 negative. @entity704 with decreased numbers of @entity4896 -positive lymphocytes were largely PE-35 negative. In well-differentiated @entity704 with a few @entity4896 -positive lymphocytes, two cases were negative, but four cases were at least focally positive with PE-35. All high-grade @entity704 infiltrated with some @entity4896 -negative lymphocytes were PE-35 positive. These results suggested that medullary thymoma generally possesses the medullary nature, although the latter tends to be lost in the long spindle @entity5 cells. @entity704 may have mixed medullary phenotype and cortical function. @entity704 and many well-differentiated @entity704 may possess the cortical nature, while the large polygonal @entity5 cells tend to lose immature T-lymphocyte-retaining function.

title: PE-35-related antigen expression and XXXX -positive lymphocytes in thymoma subtypes based on M  ller-Hermelink classification. An immunohistochemical study using catalyzed signal amplification.

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['Mixed and predominantly cortical thymomas', 'Medullary thymomas', 'thymomas', 'thymic carcinomas', 'thymomas and predominantly cortical thymomas', 'Cortical thymoma', 'Cortical thymomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'epithelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity3058 :: ('963', 'Gene') :: ['cell-surface antigen']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity4896 :: (909,Gene) :: ['CD1a']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review our experience treating clinical Stage I @entity1149 with radiotherapy alone using modern techniques and staging. The effect of dose and volume on outcome is to be analyzed. METHODS: Between January 1980 and December 1995, 156 @entity1 with Stage I medically inoperable @entity1149 were irradiated at Duke University Medical Center and the Durham Veterans Administration Medical Center. Fifteen @entity1 were excluded from analysis (7 treated with palliative intent, and 8 lost to follow-up immediately following radiation). Characteristics of the 141 evaluable @entity1 were as follows: Median age 70 years (range 46-95); gender: male 83%, female 17%; institution: DUMC 65%, DVAMC 35%; T1N0 54%, T2N0 46%; median size 3 cm (range 0.5 to 8); pathology: @entity957 52%, @entity420 18%, @entity152 19%, not otherwise specified 11%; presenting symptoms: weight loss 26%, cough 23%, none (incidental diagnosis) 57%. All @entity1 underwent simulation prior to radiotherapy using linear accelerators of > or = 4 MV. No @entity1 received surgery or chemotherapy as part of their initial treatment. The median dose of radiotherapy (not reflecting lung inhomogeneity corrections) was 64 Gy (50 to 80 Gy) given in 1.2 bid to 3 Gy qid fractionation. The majority of cases included some prophylactic nodal regions (73%). RESULTS: Of the 141 @entity1 , 108 have died; 33% of intercurrent @entity204 , 35% of @entity5 , and 7% of unknown causes. At last follow-up, 33 @entity1 were alive (median 24 months, range 7-132 months). The 2- and 5-year overall survival was 39% and 13%, respectively (median 18 months). The corresponding cause-specific survival was 60%, and 32% (median 30 months). On multivariate analysis, significant factors influencing overall and/or cause-specific survival were age, squamous cell histology, incidental diagnosis, and pack-years of smoking. There was a nonsignificant trend towards improved cause-specific survival with higher radiotherapy doses and larger treatment volumes. On patterns of failure analysis, 42% of failures were local-only and 38% were distant-only. Regional-only failure occurred in 4 @entity1 (7%), 3 of whom failed solely in an unirradiated nodal site. Analysis of factors correlating with local failure at 2 years was performed using a multinominal logistic regression analysis. Significant factors associated with a lower local failure included incidental diagnosis and absence of cough with a strong trend toward significance for higher radiotherapy dose (p = 0.07) and larger treatment volume (p = 0.08). @entity1 who were locally controlled had an improved cause-specific survival at 5 years over those who were not controlled (46% vs. 12%, p = 0.03). Grade III-V complications occurred in 2 @entity1 (1.5%). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with clinical Stage I medically inoperable @entity1149 treated with contemporary radiotherapy alone achieved a 5-year cause-specific survival of 32%. Uncontrolled @entity2 was the primary cause of @entity204 in these @entity1 , and local failure alone represented the most common mode of failure (42%). @entity1 who were locally controlled had a significantly improved cause-specific survival over those who failed locally. Because higher doses of radiotherapy appear to provide improved local control, studies of dose escalation are warranted until dose-limiting @entity137 is observed.

title: Radiotherapy alone for medically inoperable stage I XXXX : the Duke experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung carcinoma', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['large cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine the risk factors for adverse maternal outcome among @entity1 with @entity2102 . METHODS: Sixty-one pregnancies with @entity2142 , elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count ( @entity2102 ) syndrome diagnosed antenatally were reviewed between 2003 and 2005. Maternal outcomes analyzed included @entity3036 , abruptio placentae, @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ), @entity810 , need for transfusion of blood products, cesarean delivery and maternal @entity204 . Risk factors included maternal age, parity, gestational age at diagnosis, mean arterial blood pressure, @entity10 , @entity227 , @entity158 , blood platelet count (<or=50,000 versus >50,000 cells/mm3), and peak serum levels of @entity492 aminotransferase. RESULTS: @entity3036 was present in 52%, abruptio placentae in 11%, and @entity5642 in 8% of 61 @entity1 with @entity2102 . 23% @entity1 required transfusion of blood products, 15% had @entity810 , and 73% had cesarean section. @entity1 with @entity3036 had significantly more @entity10 , @entity227 (p<0.05). Transfusion was significantly more frequent among @entity1 with blood platelet counts <or=50,000 cells/mm3 (33 versus 21%; p<0.05). @entity1 with a platelet count <or=50,000 cells/mm3 had a higher rate of @entity5642 compared to @entity1 with a platelet count >50,000 cells/mm3 (33.3 versus 3.8%; p<0.05). In @entity1 with @entity810 and abruptio placentae, there were no significant differences in all the variables studied between those with and without these complications. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical symptoms, such as @entity10 , visual changes, @entity158 and @entity1209 , are more predictive than laboratory parameters for adverse maternal outcomes.

title: Are clinical symptoms more predictive than laboratory parameters for adverse maternal outcome in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['nausea-vomiting, visual changes and epigastric pain', 'visual changes, nausea-vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2102 :: ('MESH:D017359', 'Disease') :: ['HELLP', 'HELLP syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['DIC', 'disseminated intravascular coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia', 'Eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea-vomiting']

answer: @entity2102 :: (MESH:D017359,Disease) :: ['HELLP syndrome']


abstract: The @entity3963 ( @entity3963 ), the best described MAP kinase cascade, is a major signaling system by which cells transduce extracellular cues into intracellular responses. @entity3963 is activated by phosphorylation both on @entity669 and @entity1889 residues. Therefore, a new clas of protein- @entity669 phosphatases (PTPases) that exhibit dual catalytic activity toward both regulatory sites on @entity3963 is of special interest in the control of intracellular signaling. This study examined the expression and regulation of the dual-specificity PTPases @entity14520 , @entity8102 , and @entity23022 . Findings included differential expression of these phosphatases in diverse cell lines and an expression of all three dual-specificity PTPases in @entity1 mesangial cells (HMC), thereby allowing investigation of their regulation in a single cell line. The @entity8047 antagonist @entity4286 and selective extracellular agonists of @entity3963 were used to demonstrate the induction of @entity14520 , @entity23022 , and @entity8102 in response to activation of the @entity3963 cascade. In contrast, @entity11007 , an agonist of the recently described MAP kinases stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) and @entity1435 MAP kinase, stimulated @entity14520 gene expression but had little effect on @entity23022 and @entity8102 . This effect of @entity11007 was partly inhibited in the presence of the @entity1435 MAP kinase antagonist @entity1441 . This study suggests a potential mechanism to regulate @entity3963 activity through feedback inhibition by demonstrating the @entity3963 cascade's induction of the dual-specificity PTPases @entity14520 , @entity23022 , and @entity8102 . Moreover, this study suggests an @entity3963 -independent induction of @entity14520 following stimulation of SAPK and @entity1435 MAP kinase. This mode of induction of a phosphatase capable of inactivating @entity3963 may play an important role in the cellular stress response.

title: Differential regulation of the dual-specificity protein- @entity669 phosphatases XXXX , @entity8102 , and @entity23022 in mesangial cells.

entities_list: @entity3963 :: ('5594', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular-signal-regulated kinase', 'ERK']

entities_list: @entity11007 :: ('MESH:D000841', 'Chemical') :: ['anisomycin']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity14520 :: (1843,Gene) :: ['CL100']


abstract: The taxonomic status of 16 strains received as @entity13891 , @entity13891 melanosporofaciens, @entity13891 sparsogenes, @entity13891 sporoclivatus and @entity50468 was evaluated in a polyphasic study. Eleven of the organisms formed a distinct clade in the @entity13891 16S rRNA gene tree with the type strains of @entity13891 asiaticus, @entity13891 cangkringensis, @entity13891 indonesiensis, @entity13891 javensis, @entity13891 malaysiensis, @entity13891 rhizosphaericus, @entity13891 yatensis and @entity13891 yogyakartensis, the members of this group produced rugose ornamented spores in spiral spore chains. The eleven strains were assigned to three established and four novel species, namely @entity13891 albiflaviniger sp. nov., @entity13891 demainii sp. nov., @entity13891 geldanamycininus sp. nov., @entity13891 griseiniger sp. nov., and @entity13891 , @entity13891 melanosporofaciens and @entity50468 . It is also proposed that S. sporoclivatus becomes a subjective synonym of S. melanosporofaciens. S. sparsogenes NRRL 2940(T), which produced ridged ornamented spores in spiral spore chains, formed a distinct phyletic line in the @entity13891 16S rRNA gene tree and was readily distinguished from the other strains using a range of phenotypic properties. @entity50468 strains NRRL 8097, NRRL B-5799, NRRL 2834 and ISP 5182 fell outside the @entity50468 16S rRNA gene clade and formed either smooth or ridged ornamented spores in either flexuous or spiral spore chains. These organisms were distinguished from one another and from their closest phylogenetic neighbors and were considered to merit species status as @entity13891 auratus sp. nov., @entity13891 phaeoluteichromatogenes sp. nov., @entity13891 phaeogriseichromatogenes sp. nov., and @entity13891 phaeoluteigriseus sp. nov., respectively.

title: The XXXX clade: a home for Streptomycetes with rugose ornamented spores.

entities_list: @entity50468 :: ('68280', 'Species') :: ['Streptomyces violaceusniger', 'S. violaceusniger']

entities_list: @entity13891 :: ('1912', 'Species') :: ['Streptomyces', 'Streptomyces hygroscopicus']

answer: @entity50468 :: (68280,Species) :: ['Streptomyces violaceusniger']


abstract: Eight @entity1 with @entity1860 relapse after allogeneic BMT were treated with @entity3027 and buffy coat transfusions (BC) of the bone marrow donor. The antileukemic effect of this treatment was directly demonstrated in 4 @entity1 by the disappearance of Philadelphia chromosome-positive metaphases or the loss of detectable @entity1861 transcripts by polymerase chain reaction. In 2 @entity1 in whom cytogenetic or polymerase chain reaction analysis was not performed, a change in hemopoietic chimerism with recurrence of donor-type hemopoiesis was demonstrated. Two @entity1 , both treated in advanced stages of hematological relapse after BMT, did not respond. However, severe side effects of the treatment were observed: @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) occurred in 5 @entity1 . Two of these @entity1 progressed to severe chronic @entity2132 and 1 @entity1 ultimately died of this complication. @entity2132 occurred in 5 of the 6 responding @entity1 ; one @entity1 responded without developing clinical symptoms of @entity2132 . Six @entity1 developed @entity236 after @entity3027 /BC treatment, and @entity3043 occurred in 4 @entity1 . None of these 4 @entity1 recovered spontaneously and 2 @entity1 died of complications of @entity3043 ( @entity1779 , @entity281 ). Our results demonstrate that treatment of @entity1860 relapse with @entity3027 transfusions is highly effective in @entity1 with relapse in chronic phase. The occurrence of @entity2132 and @entity3043 , however, resulted in a high treatment-associated morbidity and mortality. Whereas a response to treatment was observed in 1 @entity1 without @entity2132 , indicating that @entity2132 and a graft-versus- @entity1778 effect may be clinically separable, @entity236 occurred in all responding @entity1 .

title: Interferon-alpha and donor buffy coat transfusions for treatment of relapsed XXXX after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral bleeding']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) is suggested to reflect the degree of @entity32 and hyperreactivity in @entity1 with @entity565 . We measured serum ECP levels before @entity676 months after treatment with inhaled @entity4184 (n = 10) or @entity9992 (SCG) (n = 7) in @entity1 with @entity565 . METHODS: The daily dose of @entity4184 was 800 micrograms/m2 during the first month and 400 micrograms/m2 during the next 4 months. ECP levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: ECP decreased during the 5 months of treatment (p = 0.020 for treatment groups combined; p = 0.049 for the @entity4184 group; p = NS for the SCG group). The higher the serum ECP level at entry, the more it decreased during treatment, both in the @entity4184 group (r = -0.697, p < 0.05) and in the SCG group (r = -0.893, p < 0.05). No correlation was found between the ECP level and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity (FEV1%) or between changes in these. However, basal pulmonary function was reduced in 8 of 16 subjects only, and FEV1% did not change significantly in either group. Thus the absence of a correlation is understandable. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical value of the sensitive decrease in serum ECP remains to be established.

title: Serum eosinophil cationic protein during treatment of @entity565 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity9992 :: ('MESH:D004205', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium cromoglycate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the maximum tolerated dose of @entity12418 (AMR) with a fixed dose of @entity2600 ( @entity2600 ). METHODS: @entity1 having pathologically proven @entity151 ( @entity151 ) relapsed after one or two chemotherapies, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 2 were eligible for the study. @entity2600 was delivered as 50 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8, every 21 days. AMR was delivered on day 1. Doses of AMR were level 1: 80 mg/m2, level 2: 90 mg/m2, and level 3: 100 mg/m2. Dose elevation was determined using the modified continuous reassessment method. Tolerability was assessed after the first cycle. Another two cycles were conducted when disease progression or unacceptable @entity137 were not observed. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 (mean age: 66.3 years) were enrolled. A total of 40 courses were conducted. Grade 3/4 @entity137 of the first cycle were @entity1431 : 11 (61%, grade 3/4: 8/3); @entity1398 : 15 (83%, grade 3/4: 6/9); and @entity882 : three (17%, grade 3/4: 2/1). Other grade 3 @entity137 observed were @entity1398 , one; @entity281 , three; @entity294 , one; and @entity1353 , one. Dose-limiting @entity137 was observed in two of six @entity1 at level 2 ( @entity1398 and @entity1398 ) and in one of six at level 3 ( @entity882 and @entity281 ). The maximum tolerated dose was level 3, and so, the recommended dose for phase II trials was judged to be 90 mg/m2. Objective response was obtained in four of eight @entity1 who were able to evaluate responses. Median survival time was 13 months, with 68% at 1-year survival rate. CONCLUSIONS: This combination was well tolerated and showed encouraging activities in @entity151 . Randomized phase II trials are being planned in chemonaive @entity151 .

title: A phase I study of @entity12418 and fixed dose of @entity2600 ( @entity2600 ) in relapsed XXXX : Japan multinational trial organization LC0303.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12418 :: ('MESH:C055866', 'Chemical') :: ['amrubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small cell lung cancer']


abstract: We retrospectively reviewed 12 @entity1 with @entity3083 of the thoracic and lumbar spine who had radical d  bridement, anterior decompression, interbody arthrodesis with an anterior interbody @entity702 cage, and autologous bone grafts, combined with a standardized perioperative antituberculous regimen. Their mean age was 55.1 years and they were observed for a mean of 65.3 months. Indications for surgery included epidural abscess, structural destruction with instability, progressive @entity16 . @entity85 was corrected from a mean of 24.6 degrees (range, 15 degrees-32 degrees) to a mean of 10 degrees (range, 4 degrees-18 degrees). @entity281 was controlled and bony fusion was achieved in all @entity1 . No recurrence of @entity281 or construct failure was recorded. All @entity1 were safely mobilized within the first postoperative week; back @entity158 fully resolved in eight @entity1 and improved in the remaining four. We conclude that radical d  bridement followed by anterior stabilization with a @entity702 cage and bone grafting is a reasonable alternative for @entity1511 requiring surgical treatment. It enables accurate and lasting deformity correction and provides adequate stability to allow early mobilization. The presence of a @entity702 cage in an area of @entity281 did not preclude @entity281 control or lead to recurrence. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study. Level IV (case series). Please see Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Treatment of XXXX with anterior stabilization and @entity702 cage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['kyphosis, and/or neurologic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity3083 :: ('MESH:D014399', 'Disease') :: ['spinal tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculous infection', 'infection', 'mycobacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Kyphotic deformity']

answer: @entity1511 :: (MESH:D013166,Disease) :: ['tuberculous spondylitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Common elements in many different types of amyloid may have important roles in amyloidogenesis. The proteinaceous tissue deposits have a common appearance in polarized light and other similar features. The present investigation describes for the first time the relation between @entity2262 ( @entity2262 )-type @entity2783 and colocalized materials, as demonstrated using specific antibodies and hyaluronan-binding protein. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Amyloid-rich @entity923 was obtained surgically from 28 @entity1 who were being treated by maintenance hemodialysis. Serial sections were examined using a hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid)-binding protein and antibodies against heparan @entity597 -glycosaminoglycan, chondroitin @entity597 -proteoglycan, dermatan @entity597 -proteoglycan, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor, @entity2104 , and ubiquitin. RESULTS: Accumulation of hyaluronan was of three types, namely, localization around @entity2262 deposits, colocalization with deposition of @entity2262 itself and localization at a small distance from @entity2262 deposits. Immunostaining for heparan @entity597 glycosaminoglycan was demonstrated at the sites of @entity2262 plaques. Chondroitin @entity597 -proteoglycan did not show specific patterns of immunostaining, resembling hyaluronan rather than heparan @entity597 . The other materials tested, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, inter-alpha-trypsin, @entity2104 and ubiquitin, were not immunostained at sites of @entity2262 plaques. @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting revealed that the molecular weight of heparan @entity597 -glycosaminoglycan was 16,000. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that HS has an important role in hemodialysis-associated @entity2783 as it does in other types of @entity2783 . Moreover, accumulation of hyaluronan may be an indication of @entity32 of the carpal synovium.

title: Macromolecules that are colocalized with deposits of XXXX in hemodialysis-associated @entity2783 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-M', 'beta 2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel synovium']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity2262 :: (567,Gene) :: ['beta 2-microglobulin']


abstract: @entity2804 ( @entity2974 ), a common water disinfection byproduct and a persistent metabolite of @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ), has been examined for its genotoxic potential in @entity1 lymphocytes. @entity2008 ( @entity2008 ) and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay were employed to assess the @entity137 of @entity2974 . Lymphocytes obtained from three healthy donors were exposed to 25, 50, and 100   g/ml concentration of @entity2974 separately. @entity2974 exposure resulted in @entity2008 and the formation of micronuclei in lymphocytes. Chromosome analysis revealed the dose-dependent and significant induction of @entity2008 . @entity6724 , fragments, and chromatid exchanges were commonly observed. Exposure of higher concentration (50 and 100   g/ml) significantly inhibited mitotic index. Data obtained with CBMN assay indicated that the induction of micronucleus (MN) formation was greater than that of @entity2008 . At 25   g/ml, @entity2974 induced significant frequencies of MN as compared to control cells. Significant induction of MN at the lowest concentration indicates @entity2974 may also interact with mitotic spindles. Lower percentage of @entity2008 and MN at 100   g/ml as compared to 50   g/ml indicates occurrence of severe @entity137 on exposure of 100   g/ml @entity2974 in lymphocytes. Collectively, results of both cytogenetic assays indicate that exposure of @entity2974 can induce significant genotoxic and cytotoxic effects.

title: In vitro cytogenetic assessment of XXXX in @entity1 peripheral blood lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity6724 :: ('MESH:D019457', 'Disease') :: ['Chromatid break/chromosome break']

entities_list: @entity2804 :: ('MESH:D014238', 'Chemical') :: ['Trichloroacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['Chromosomal aberration', 'chromosomal anomalies', 'CA']

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroethylene']

answer: @entity2804 :: (MESH:D014238,Chemical) :: ['trichloroacetic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To improve the diagnosis of damaged spinal motor pathways in incomplete @entity1566 (iSCI) by assessing the facilitation of lower limbs motor evoked potentials (MEP). METHODS: Control subjects (n = 12) and iSCI @entity1 (n = 21) performed static and dynamic isometric foot dorsiflexions. MEPs induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation and EMG background of tibialis anterior muscle (TA) were analyzed. Static and dynamic muscle activation was performed at comparable levels of maximal @entity2472 (MVC). The influence of the motor tasks on the excitability and facilitation of MEPs was compared between controls and iSCI @entity1 . RESULTS: In the controls an increased facilitation of TA MEP at lower levels of dynamic compared with static activation (10-20% MVC) could be shown. At matched EMG background level the MEP responses were significantly increased. In the iSCI @entity1 at a comparable level of TA activation the MEP responses were significantly reduced and 3 different patterns of MEP responses could be distinguished: i) preserved increment of TA MEP in the dynamic motor task, ii) unchanged MEP size in the dynamic and static motor task, and iii) elicitable MEPs in the dynamic motor task,which were abolished in the static motor task. CONCLUSIONS: Static and dynamic motor tasks have different effects on TA MEP facilitation. The task-dependent modulation of TA MEPs is comparable to that described for upper limb muscles. Complementary to the MEP delay this approach allows for an estimation of the severity of spinal tract damage. The task-dependent modulation of TA MEPs is an additional diagnostic tool to improve the assessment and monitoring of motor function in iSCI.

title: Impaired facilitation of motor evoked potentials in incomplete XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary contraction']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe risk factors for @entity8814 in @entity1 with @entity4932 ( @entity4932 )-associated @entity1596 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: All @entity1 with @entity4932 -associated @entity1596 (N  = 108; affected eyes  = 196) evaluated and followed at the Wilmer Eye Institute from July 1984 through June 2014 were included in this study. Prevalence and incidence of @entity8814 (intraocular pressure [IOP] <5  mm Hg) and low IOP (5  mm Hg  <= IOP < 8  mm Hg) and risk factors for developing @entity8814 were analyzed. RESULTS: At presentation, 9.3% of @entity1 (7.1% of affected eyes) had @entity8814 . During a median follow-up of 5.3 years, the rate of developing @entity8814 and low IOP were 0.04 per eye-year (/EY; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02/EY, 0.05/EY) and 0.06/EY (95% CI: 0.04/EY, 0.08/EY), respectively. Risk factors for development of @entity8814 during follow-up appeared to be associated with more severe uveitic disease, such as the presence of @entity5863 (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 43.1; P  = .004), anterior chamber cells or flare >=  3+ (aHR, 25.6, P < .001), posterior @entity5862 (aHR, 5.9, P  = .02), and the use of oral corticosteroid (aHR 28.9; P  = .003) at the presenting examination. Receiving immunosuppressive drug therapy at the time of presentation was associated with a lower risk of development of @entity8814 (aHR, 0.02; P  = .002). CONCLUSIONS: Hypotony affects a small but significant proportion of @entity1 with @entity4932 -associated @entity1596 and is associated with signs of active and severe @entity1596 . Immunosuppression was associated with significantly lower risk of @entity8814 , suggesting that aggressive control of the @entity32 may reduce risk of @entity8814 in @entity4932 -associated @entity1596 .

title: Risk of Hypotony in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5863 :: ('MESH:D015864', 'Disease') :: ['panuveitis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5862 :: ('MESH:D006175', 'Disease') :: ['synechiae']

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Associated Uveitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity410 are fever-associated early-life @entity410 that are thought play a role in the development of @entity302 . @entity410 -induced proliferation of dentate granule cells has been demonstrated in several adult animal models and is thought to be an integral part of epileptogenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate proliferation and survival of dentate gyrus (DG) cells born after early-life @entity221 ( @entity221 )-induced @entity410 in male and female @entity35 . METHODS: At @entity227 ( @entity227 ) 10, male and female @entity35 were exposed to heated air to induce @entity410 . Littermates were used as normothermia controls. @entity410 behavior was observed by two researchers. From PN11 to PN16, @entity35 were injected with @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) to label dividing cells. The number of @entity1603 -immunoreactive cells in the DG was counted at PN17 and PN66. RESULTS: At PN17, male as well as female @entity221 @entity35 had the same amount of @entity1603 -positive cells compared with controls. At PN66, significantly more @entity1603 -positive cells were left in @entity221 females (53%) than in controls (44%, percentage of @entity1603 -positive cells at PN17), whereas no difference was found between @entity221 males and male controls. The net result of proliferation and survival at PN66 was that female @entity221 @entity35 had the same number of @entity1603 -immunoreactive cells as controls, whereas male @entity221 @entity35 had 25% more @entity1603 -immunoreactive cells than did controls (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Early-life @entity410 cause a sexually dimorphic cytogenic response that results in an increased population of newborn DG cells in young adult males, while leaving that of young adult females unaltered.

title: Gender differences in febrile XXXX -induced proliferation and survival in the @entity35 dentate gyrus.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', 'bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'Febrile seizures', 'Seizure', 'Convulsive']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['PN', 'postnatal day']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'HT']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and tolerability of @entity4481 for the treatment of central @entity9 after @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). METHODS: @entity1 with chronic, below-level, @entity9 due to @entity1566 were randomized to receive 150 to 600 mg/d @entity4481 (n = 108) or matching placebo (n = 112) for 17 weeks. @entity158 was classified in relation to the neurologic level of injury, defined as the most caudal spinal cord segment with normal sensory and motor function, as above, at, or below level. The primary outcome measure was duration-adjusted average change in @entity158 . Key secondary outcome measures included the change in mean @entity158 score from baseline to end point, the percentage of @entity1 with >= 30% reduction in mean @entity158 score at end point, @entity1 global impression of change scores at end point, and the change in mean @entity158 -related sleep interference score from baseline to end point. Additional outcome measures included the medical outcomes study-sleep scale and the @entity148 and @entity308 scale. RESULTS: @entity4481 treatment resulted in statistically significant improvements over placebo for all primary and key secondary outcome measures. Significant @entity158 improvement was evident as early as week 1 and was sustained throughout the treatment period. Adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of @entity4481 and were mostly mild to moderate in severity. Somnolence and dizziness were most frequently reported. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that @entity4481 is effective and well tolerated in @entity1 with @entity9 due to @entity1566 . CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides class I evidence that @entity4481 , 150 to 600 mg/d, is effective in reducing duration-adjusted average change in @entity158 compared with baseline in @entity1 with @entity1566 over a 16-week period (p = 0.003, 95% confidence interval = -0.98, -0.20).

title: A randomized trial of @entity4481 in @entity1 with XXXX due to @entity1566 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Hospital anxiety']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['Pregabalin', 'pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine changes in serum @entity4090 levels in outpatients with DSM-IV-diagnosed @entity308 ( @entity308 ) following a 12-week open-label trial of @entity905 . METHOD: 87 outpatients enrolled in the trial had serum @entity4090 levels determined at baseline and during their final visit (week 12 or discontinuation visit). In addition, serum @entity251 levels were measured in 44 of the 46 @entity1 during these 2 visits. @entity4089 was defined as a serum @entity4090 level greater than 16.5 ng/mL or 18.9 ng/mL for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. The study was conducted from September 1997 to March 2002. RESULTS: Of 80 @entity1 with normal @entity4090 levels at baseline, 10 (12.5%) developed @entity2915 following @entity905 treatment. Specifically, 2 (4.5%) of 44 @entity1 and 8 (22.2%) of 36 @entity1 with normal @entity4090 levels at baseline developed @entity4089 following treatment with @entity905 (p = .0174 for between-gender difference). In addition, there was a significant increase in mean +/- SD serum @entity4090 levels following treatment with @entity905 in all @entity1 with normal baseline @entity4090 levels (6.4 +/- 3.4 to 10.0 +/- 7.0 ng/mL, p = .002). There were no significant changes from baseline in @entity251 levels in @entity1 following @entity905 treatment (448.4 +/- 139.6 to 439.5 +/- 142.1 ng/dL, p > .05; normal above 245 ng/dL), while none of the 44 @entity1 developed low @entity251 levels following @entity905 treatment. CONCLUSION: 4.5% of @entity1 and 22.2% of @entity1 with @entity308 developed new onset @entity2915 following @entity905 treatment.

title: Serum @entity4090 levels among outpatients with XXXX during the acute phase of treatment with @entity905 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperprolactinemia', 'hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-prolactinemia']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['major depressive disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined whether identification of @entity1 with placebo-remitter characteristics and placebo-nonremitter characteristics enhances the ability to identify drug-placebo treatment differences and, perhaps, differences between agents in @entity308 ( @entity308 ). We hypothesized: 1) that drug-placebo differences in remission rates would be greater for both @entity4480 and selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) among placebo nonremitters than placebo remitters and: 2) that the difference between active treatments would also be greater in placebo nonremitters than placebo remitters. DATA AND METHODS: Data were obtained from seven randomized, parallel, double-blind @entity308 studies which compared the effects of @entity4480 (N   =   795), placebo (N   =   510), and SSRIs (N   =   551). The 17-item Hamilton @entity308 rating scale (HAMD) was used to assess @entity308 severity. The classification of @entity1 as having placebo-remitter or placebo-nonremitter characteristics was based on age, duration of current @entity308 episode, @entity148 , and HAMD core score. Odds ratios (ORs) for remission comparing active treatment and placebo were obtained from logistic regression models. Tests of homogeneity were used for between-group comparisons. RESULTS: For placebo nonremitters, both @entity4480 (OR   =   3.52 [95% CI: 2.21, 5.62; P   <   0.0001]) and SSRIs (OR   =   2.38 [95% CI: 1.45, 3.89; P   =   0.0006]) showed significantly higher remission rates compared to placebo. Drug-placebo differences in remission were significantly greater for placebo nonremitters than for placebo remitters for both @entity4480 (P   =   0.02) and SSRIs (P   =   0.049). For placebo remitters, remission with @entity4480 (OR   =   1.83 [95% CI: 1.35, 2.47; P   =   0.0001]), but not the SSRIs selected for this study (OR   =   1.31 [95% CI: 0.93, 1.84; P   =   0.12]), was significantly greater than placebo. Contrary to expectation, the advantage of @entity4480 over the SSRIs was not greater in placebo nonremitters. However, the fact that our analysis required @entity1 -level data limited the number of agents studied, compromising generalization. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that drug-placebo differences in remission rates will be greater in subjects with placebo-nonremitter than with placebo-remitter characteristics.

title: Baseline XXXX characteristics associated with placebo remission and their impact on remission with @entity4480 and selected SSRI antidepressants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'depression', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['HAMD anxiety score']

entities_list: @entity4480 :: ('MESH:C058218', 'Chemical') :: ['duloxetine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of @entity618 in the induction therapy of proliferative @entity1988 . METHODS: Forty-four @entity1 from eight centres with newly diagnosed @entity1988 World Health Organization class III or IV were randomly assigned to either @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) 2 g/day for 6 months or intravenous @entity786 (IVC) 0.75-1 g/m(2) monthly for 6 months in addition to corticosteroids. RESULTS: Remission occurred in 13 out of 25 @entity1 (52%) in the IVC group and 11 out of 19 @entity1 (58%) in the @entity2098 group (P = 0.70). There were 12% in the IVC group and 26% in the @entity2098 group that achieved complete remission (P = 0.22). Improvements in haemoglobin, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum albumin, serum complement, @entity644 , urinary activity, renal function and the @entity1252 Activity Index score were similar in both groups. Twenty-four follow-up renal biopsies at the end of therapy showed a significant reduction in the activity score in both groups. The chronicity index increased in both groups but was only significant in the IVC group. Adverse events were similar. @entity281 occurred in three @entity1 in each group. There was no difference in gastrointestinal side-effects. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2098 in combination with @entity288 is an effective induction therapy for moderately severe proliferative @entity1988 .

title: Randomized controlled trial of pulse intravenous @entity786 versus XXXX in the induction therapy of proliferative @entity1988 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Major infections']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity618 :: (MESH:C063008,Chemical) :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']


abstract: The @entity2608 is an important preclinical model in transplantation research and in investigations of chronic and infectious diseases that need a well-characterised major histocompatibility complex (MHC-Mamu). In a large population of pedigreed @entity2608 , 70 @entity49493 , 18 -DQA1, 24 - @entity3098 , and 14 - @entity3099 alleles were detected. In @entity1 , five HLA-DRB region configurations are present, displaying diversity with regard to number and combinations of loci. The @entity1533 gene of each of these configurations is highly polymorphic. For @entity2608 , at least 31 @entity49493 region configurations have been determined. In contrast to @entity1 , most @entity49493 region configurations display no or only limited allelic polymorphism. Segregation analyses revealed 28 @entity8167 / @entity3098 pairs, each pair linked to a limited number of @entity49493 region configurations and vice versa. In comparison with @entity1 , the degree of freedom of recombination between @entity8167 and - @entity3098 is extremely low and equivalents of @entity27595 /DQB2 are absent. The Mamu-DPA1 gene is invariant and - @entity3099 manifests only moderate allelic variation, whereas the @entity13582 gene is oligomorphic and @entity3099 highly polymorphic. Thus, both species used different evolutionary strategies to create polymorphism and diversity at the MHC class II loci in order to cope with pathogens.

title: Differential evolutionary MHC class II strategies in @entity1 and XXXX : relevance for biomedical studies.

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys', 'rhesus macaques', 'rhesus macaque']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus macaques']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study describes @entity11280 deletion frequency, carrier studies, and the effect of the modifying @entity23247 gene on the @entity2057 ( @entity2057 ) phenotype. A novel allele-specific intragenic mutation panel increases the sensitivity of @entity11280 testing. METHODS: From 1995 to 2001, 610 @entity1 were tested for @entity11280 deletions and 399 relatives of probands have been tested for carrier status. @entity23247 copy number was compared between 52 type I and 90 type III @entity1 , and between type I and type III @entity1 with chimeric SMN genes. A fluorescent allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) -based strategy detected intragenic mutations in potential compound heterozygotes and was used on 366 @entity1 . RESULTS: Less than half of the @entity1 tested were homozygously deleted for @entity11280 . A PCR-based panel detected the seven most common intragenic mutations. @entity23247 copy number was significantly different between mild and severely affected @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity11280 molecular testing is essential for the diagnosis of @entity2057 and allows for accurate carrier testing. Screening for intragenic mutations in @entity11280 increases the sensitivity of diagnostic testing. Finally, @entity23247 copy number is conclusively shown to ameliorate the phenotype and provide valuable prognostic information.

title: Molecular analysis of @entity2057 and modification of the phenotype by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['spinal muscular atrophy', 'SMA']

answer: @entity23247 :: (6607,Gene) :: ['SMN2']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: To present the results of a prospective study on the management of @entity166 following maxillary sinus floor elevation procedures with a combined endoscopic (FESS) and intra-oral approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2005 to 2009, twenty consecutive @entity1 were diagnosed for sinusal chronic @entity166 refractory to medical treatment following maxillary sinus floor elevation and grafting procedures. All @entity1 were treated with a combination of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) through a transnasal approach and an intra-oral approach, performed by an ear, nose, and throat team and an oral and maxillofacial team, respectively, in the same surgical session under general anesthesia. RESULTS: In 16 of 20 @entity1 , the 4-week endoscopic control demonstrated a complete clinical healing and recovery of the normal sinus ventilation and drainage. In two @entity1 , the persisting @entity1244 at the 4-week control was successfully treated (8th week) with an antibiotic therapy based on the antibiogram carried out on the bacterial culture obtained by the aspiration of the sinusal content. In one @entity1 , the persisting @entity1244 (3  months after surgery) was successfully treated with the aspiration of the infectious material from the maxillary sinus. In one @entity1 , finally, it was necessary to perform a second combined surgical treatment to treat the persisting @entity1244 . DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: In this study, a relevant number of cases of chronic @entity166 following sinus floor elevation procedures are presented. To the authors' knowledge, it is the first time that well-defined treatment protocols based on a combined endoscopic (FESS) and intra-oral surgical approach are proposed. The positive, albeit preliminary, results obtained in this study seem to validate this treatment modality.

title: The treatment of XXXX following maxillary sinus grafting with the association of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and an intra-oral approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

answer: @entity1244 :: (MESH:D012852,Disease) :: ['sinusitis']


abstract: A consecutive series of 352 attacks of acute @entity788 (AP) was studied prospectively in 318 @entity1 . AP was ascertained by contrast-enhanced CT scan in all but four cases in which diagnosis was made at operation or autopsy. Sixty-seven of these cases (19%) had normal serum amylase levels on admission (i.e., less than 160 IU/L, a limit that includes 99% of control values), a figure considerably higher than generally admitted. When compared to AP with elevated serum amylase, normoamylasemic @entity788 was characterized by the following: (1) the prevalence of alcoholic etiology (58% vs. 33%, respectively, p less than 0.01), (2) a greater number of previous attacks in @entity8883 (0.7 vs. 0.4, p less than 0.01); and (3) a longer duration of symptoms before admission (2.4 vs. 1.5 days, p less than 0.005). In contrast AP did not appear to differ significantly in terms of CT findings, Ranson's score, and clinical course, when comparing normo- and hyperamylasemic @entity1 , although there was a tendency for normoamylasemic @entity1 to follow milder courses. Serum lipase was measured in 65 of these normoamylasemic cases and was found to be elevated in 44 (68%), thus increasing diagnostic sensitivity from 81% when amylase alone is used to 94% for both enzymes. A peritoneal tab was obtained in 44 cases: amylase concentration in the first liter of dialysate was greater than 160 IU/L in 24 cases (55%), and lipase was greater than 250 U/L in 31 cases (70%). Twelve of these 44 cases had low peritoneal fluid and plasma concentrations for both enzymes. Thus little gain in diagnostic sensitivity was obtained when adding peritoneal values (96%) to serum determinations. AP is not invariably associated with elevated serum amylase. Multiple factors may contribute to the absence of @entity12828 on admission, including a return to normal enzyme levels before hospitalization or the inability of inflamed pancreases to produce amylase. Approximately two thirds of cases with normal amylasemia were properly identified by serum lipase determinations. AP does not appear to behave differently when serum amylase is normal or elevated, and should therefore be submitted to similar therapeutic regimens in both conditions.

title: Acute XXXX and normoamylasemia. Not an uncommon combination.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity8883 :: ('MESH:D019512', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity12828 :: ('MESH:D034321', 'Disease') :: ['hyperamylasemia']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: There is growing evidence to suggest the use of urinary @entity1130 ( @entity5581 ) test to help with the diagnosis of @entity698 . The aim of our study was to establish whether urinary @entity5581 could be used as an effective diagnostic test for @entity697 . DESIGN AND METHODS: A prospective double-blinded study was carried out from December 2014 to October 2015. @entity1 admitted to the emergency surgical ward of a teaching hospital with suspected @entity698 were included in the study. The diagnostic accuracy of the test was measured by receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS: Ninety-seven @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: @entity697 (n=38) and other diagnosis (n=59). The median value of urinary @entity5581 was 24.19 mol/L (range, 5.39-138.27) for @entity697 vs 18.87 mol/L (range, 2.27-120.59) for other diagnosis group (P=.038). The sensitivity and specificity of urinary @entity5581 at a cutoff value of 19 mol/L were 71% and 50%, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the area under curve was 0.64 (confidence interval [CI], 0.513-0.737) for urinary @entity5581 , which was lower than white blood cell count (0.69; CI, 0.574-0.797), neutrophil count (0.68; CI, 0.565-0.792), and @entity1851 (0.76; CI, 0.657-0.857). There was no significant difference in the median values of @entity5581 between different grades of severity of @entity698 (P=.704). CONCLUSION: Urinary @entity5581 is not an ideal test for the diagnosis of @entity697 .

title: Spot urinary XXXX is not an ideal diagnostic test for @entity697 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity1130 :: ('CHEBI:27823', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1130 :: (CHEBI:27823,Chemical) :: ['5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid']


abstract: We report herein the case of 32-year-old @entity1 with situs inversus, @entity49 , @entity1701 and severe @entity3010 ( @entity3010 ) with @entity2657 and @entity302 prior to menstruation. Seven days prior to regular menstruation she developed severe @entity3010 , including @entity10 , @entity227 , @entity302 , @entity322 , craving for food, @entity308 and @entity146 . @entity1829 was detected. Daily hormone analyses prior to and during menstruation confirmed an ovulatory cycle with extremely high @entity1420 , prolactin and @entity2690 levels in the late luteal phase. From day 29 to day 31, @entity1420 and @entity2690 decreased sharply and the @entity53 / @entity1420 ratio changed, leading to @entity302 and the peak of her symptoms. Diuretic treatment was administered. All symptoms disappeared during the first few days of menstruation. A novel oral contraceptive, containing @entity2082 and @entity4863 , an antimineralocorticoid progestogen, was given during the next cycle and hormone analyses were repeated. All symptoms were reduced significantly and no @entity2657 and @entity302 occurred. This is the first report of a @entity1 with severe @entity3010 and @entity2657 being treated successfully with an oral contraceptive containing @entity4863 .

title: @entity4863 in the treatment of severe @entity2657 in a woman with @entity1701 , lateral sinus thrombosis, situs inversus and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['blurred vision']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinyl estradiol']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity4863 :: ('MESH:C035144', 'Chemical') :: ['drospirenone']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['Papilledema']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures']

entities_list: @entity3010 :: ('MESH:D011293', 'Disease') :: ['PMS', 'premenstrual syndrome']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic seizures']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The initial survival advantage seen with @entity439 repair (EVAR) over open repair does not persist in the long term. Pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ) is a measure of arterial stiffness, and increased @entity122 is an independent risk factor for increased @entity65 and mortality. This prospective comparative pilot study examined the effect of implantation of an aortic graft on @entity122 in @entity1 undergoing @entity449 repair. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-four @entity1 (15 open and 19 EVAR) were recruited. @entity1 demographics were similar in both the groups. Pulse wave velocity was calculated for all @entity1 preoperatively and postoperatively using a standardized technique on a Philips IU22 Vascular Ultrasound machine and the results compared. RESULTS: An increase in mean @entity122 following EVAR was demonstrated. The mean postprocedure @entity122 of 9.7 (   4.5) cm/sec detected in the open group was significantly lower than the elevated 12.2 (   4.5) cm/sec detected in the EVAR group. The surgical group also demonstrated a mean decrease of 0.2 (   4.9) cm/sec in @entity122 following open repair compared to a mean increase of 3.3 (   3.7) cm/sec in the EVAR group. CONCLUSION: EVAR @entity1 have a significantly higher postoperative @entity122 measurement than those undergoing open @entity1028 repair. @entity1 who have undergone EVAR may be at a higher risk of @entity65 in the long term. A larger scale study with a longer prospective follow-up is required.

title: @entity439 Repair Increases Aortic Arterial Stiffness When Compared to Open Repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['open or endovascular aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms']


abstract: Placental oxidative stress is a feature of @entity1 labor. @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) play a key role in cellular stress. We hypothesized that placental expression of the small @entity2284 would be altered during labor and expression would vary in different regions of the placenta. Six @entity1 in labor who delivered vaginally and 6 @entity1 not in labor, who were delivered by Cesarean section, were recruited. Four equally spaced pieces were sampled from the inner, middle and outer regions of each placenta (total 12 samples per placenta). @entity2284 expression was investigated by Western blot analysis and RT-PCR. For non-labor, there was less @entity2284 protein in the inner placenta region compared with both the middle region (p<0.05) and outer region (p<0.05). For labor, there was also less @entity2284 protein in the inner region compared with both the middle (p<0.02) and outer region (p<0.01). When the 3 regions of the placenta were compared for non-labor versus labor there was less @entity2284 in the labor group at both the inner (p<0.05) and middle regions (p<0.005) compared to non-labor. Similar to @entity2284 protein, there was less @entity2284 mRNA in the labor group in both the inner region (p<0.05) and middle region (p<0.02) compared to non-labor. This study suggests that placental @entity2284 may play a role in labor and is spatially controlled. The results have important implications for how data obtained from studies in the placenta can be influenced by sampling methods.

title: XXXX protein 27 is spatially distributed in the @entity1 placenta and decreased during labor.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['Heat shock']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this work was to prospectively analyze the outcome of combined hormonal treatment and radical radiotherapy in high risk non @entity263 @entity1 (T1=4, N0-1, M0). METHODS: Between April 2003 and December 2007 196 @entity1 with high @entity263 were treated with curative intent. The treatment consisted of 2-month neoadjuvant hormonal treatment (LHRH analog), radical radiotherapy (68-78 Gy, conformal technique) and an optional 2-year adjuvant hormonal treatment. RESULTS: The median follow up time was 59 months. Fiveyear overall survival was 86% and 5-year biochemical disease free survival (DFS) 70%. Factors found to be statistically significant relative to outcomes were Gleason score (p=0.017), initial PSA value (p=0.039) and adjuvant hormonal treatment (p=0.035). There was no significant association between radiotherapy dose or volume and biochemical DFS (bDFS). Late genitourinary and gastrointestinal @entity137 was acceptable. CONCLUSION: Treatment combining hormonal therapy and radical radiotherapy can be recommended for this subgroup of @entity263 @entity1 . Adjuvant hormonal treatment should also be used.

title: Treatment of high XXXX with combined radiotherapy and hormonal treatment- results and identification of factors influencing outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer', 'risk prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['risk prostate cancer']


abstract: We improved the dry ash procedure for detecting @entity6701 ( @entity3759 ) in @entity291 feces containing @entity6213 [corrected] ( @entity6214 ). First, the effect of amount of @entity2397 ( @entity2398 ) on the recovery of @entity3759 from @entity291 feces that contained @entity6214 was evaluated. Average recovery of @entity3759 at the 2.5   g @entity2398 level was significantly higher (P   <   0.0001) than that at 0.75   g @entity2398 . Second, the effect of @entity6214 concentration on the recovery of @entity3759 of @entity291 feces by using two levels of @entity2398 addition was examined. The recovery of @entity3759 decreased with the increase in the amount of @entity6214 at the 0.75   g @entity2398 level but was consistently high at 2.5   g @entity2398 . Third, the recovery of @entity6214 from @entity291 feces was checked. The recoveries of @entity3759 and @entity6214 were high enough at the 2.5   g @entity2398 level. Fourth, the improved dry ash procedure (5   mL of concentrated @entity4197 and 2.5   g of @entity2398 were used for sample digestion) was compared to the wet ash procedure. Average recovery of @entity3759 by the improved dry ash procedure was significantly higher (P   =   0.0077) than that by the wet ash procedure. Thus, the improved dry ash procedure can be used for @entity3759 analysis in @entity291 feces containing @entity6214 .

title: An improved dry ash procedure for the detection of XXXX in @entity291 feces.

entities_list: @entity6213 :: ('MESH:C023600', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium oxide']

entities_list: @entity2397 :: ('MESH:C012036', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium dioxide']

answer: @entity6701 :: (MESH:C009495,Chemical) :: ['titanium dioxide']