abstract: BACKGROUND: The nadir GH value following an oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT) and the mean GH levels obtained from a GH day curve ( @entity27844 ) are among the tools currently used for assessing therapeutic end-points in surgically treated @entity2012 . The latter test, however, is cumbersome and costly. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate, by using a modern, two-site chemiluminescent immunometric GH assay, the degree of discordance between the nadir GH following an OGTT and the mean GH obtained from a @entity27844 after surgical treatment of @entity2012 and to check whether the OGTT can replace reliably the @entity27844 for the assessment of the disease status postoperatively. @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-nine @entity1 [25 males/24 females, median age 52 years (range 18-70)] with a @entity10759 who had been surgically treated previously underwent hormonal evaluation of their disease status. The @entity27844 comprised of 9 x 30-min samples for GH collected in the morning after an overnight fast and rest. RESULTS: Seven per cent of @entity1 with mean GH <1.7 mug/l (5 mU/l) in the @entity27844 had nadir GH >0.7 mug/l (2 mU/l) in the OGTT, and 10% of those with mean GH >1.7 mug/l had nadir GH <0.7 mug/l in the OGTT (all cases with discrepancies had normal @entity442 ). GH value at time 0 min <0.6 mug/l in the OGTT had positive predictive value 100% and negative predictive value 75% in predicting nadir GH <0.3 mug/l (1 mU/l) in the OGTT. Nadir GH <0.8 mug/l in the OGTT had positive predictive value 97% and negative predictive value 95% in predicting mean GH <1.7 mug/l in the @entity27844 . Mean GH in the OGTT <1.4 mug/l had a positive predictive value 90% and negative predictive value 95% in predicting mean GH <1.7 mug/l in the @entity27844 . Mean GH in the OGTT <2.5 mug/l had positive predictive value 100% and negative predictive value 81% in predicting normal @entity442 . GH at time 0 min in the @entity27844 <2.1 mug/l had positive predictive value 90% and negative predictive value 90% in predicting mean GH <1.7 mug/l in the @entity27844 . CONCLUSIONS: The hormonal data obtained from an OGTT (mean and nadir GH) can provide comprehensive information on the status of @entity2012 following surgery and can replace the @entity27844 cost-effectively. Furthermore, a morning fasting GH sample has an excellent positive predictive value in predicting biochemical cure and an optimal prognostic profile in predicting "safe" mean GH levels.

title: The value of the oral XXXX tolerance test, random serum growth hormone and mean growth hormone levels in assessing the postoperative outcome of @entity1 with @entity2012 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity10759 :: ('MESH:D049912', 'Disease') :: ['GH-secreting pituitary adenoma']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Energy metabolism is a key process in larval settlement of barnacles, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain ambiguous. @entity369 kinase (AK) mainly participates in energy metabolism in invertebrates. So far, its roles in barnacles have not been studied. In the present study, we raised an antibody against AK from @entity31674 Darwin to characterize the roles of AK in the larval settlement process. Among the developmental stages, AK was highly expressed during the cypris stage. Along with the aging process in cyprids, the level of AK decreased. The immunostaining results showed that AK was localized to muscular tissues in cyprids, including antennules, antennular muscles, and thoracic limbs. The larval settlement rate decreased and larval movement was inhibited in response to treatments with high concentrations of AK inhibitors ( @entity15604 and @entity3092 ). These results demonstrated that AK was involved in the larval settlement of A. amphitrite through mediating energy supply in muscle tissues. Moreover, further analysis indicated that both the p38 MAPK and NO/ @entity6708 pathways positively mediated the expression of AK in cyprids.

title: Characterization of @entity369 Kinase in the Barnacle XXXX and Its Role in the Larval Settlement.

entities_list: @entity31674 :: ('1232801', 'Species') :: ['Amphibalanus amphitrite']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['Arginine']

answer: @entity31674 :: (1232801,Species) :: ['Amphibalanus Amphitrite']


abstract: This study characterizes the contribution of @entity2918 to endothelium-dependent responses in two vascular regions of the @entity840 . We compared the mechanisms of relaxation responses to @entity934 and @entity855 ( @entity855 ) in the coronary vasculature and in the abdominal aorta of the @entity840 . Endothelium-dependent responses were examined in an isolated, @entity972 -arrested @entity840 heart utilizing a modified Langendorff preparation. Coronary vessels were constricted with @entity3774 and dilated with @entity934 (10(-9)-10(-6) mol) or @entity855 (10(-10)-10(-7) mol) before and after exposure to @entity3352 (14 microM, n = 6) or @entity5018 (150 microM, n = 5). Helically cut strips of abdominal aorta (n = 6) were suspended in isolated tissue baths for measurement of isometric force. Relaxation to @entity934 (5.5 x 10(-7) M) and @entity855 (10(-5) M) was quantified in strips contracted with @entity1063 before and after exposure to @entity3352 (14 microM). In addition, the endothelium was damaged by exposing vessels to free radicals generated by electrolysis of the buffer (4 Hz, 9 V, 1 ms, 5 min). Following electrolysis of the buffer, relaxation responses to @entity934 and @entity855 were significantly attenuated in both preparations. In the perfused heart, endothelium-dependent dilatation to @entity934 , but not @entity855 were significantly inhibited in the presence of @entity3352 or @entity5018 . In contrast, @entity934 - and @entity855 -induced relaxation responses in the aorta were not altered by @entity3352 . We conclude that @entity2918 contribute to @entity934 -induced dilatation in the coronary bed but not in the abdominal aorta of the @entity840 . Furthermore, in the coronary bed, different endothelial factors mediate relaxation to @entity934 and @entity855 .

title: Prostanoids contribute to endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostanoids', 'prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2 alpha']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity936 is one of the most common eye surface disorders. @entity1 suffer in particular from annoying subjective symptoms that compromise quality of life. The aim of the study was to find out when @entity1 consult ophthalmologists in Germany and what symptoms they present. @entity1 /MATERIAL AND METHODS: 170 @entity1 treated at ophthalmological practices in Bavaria, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt with @entity936 were surveyed regarding their symptoms. RESULTS: The majority of those questioned were 40 years of age or older (88%) (average: 60), female (59%) and described a variety of subjective symptoms (65%). More than five different concurrent symptoms were named. There is a recognisable increase in cases - by more than 3.5 times - at the age of forty (in @entity1 ) and fifty (in @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: We hope to contribute with the data obtained to a more complete understanding of this highly complex pathological process. A further aim is to facilitate recognition of this mostly chronic condition in its early stages when the symptoms are still poorly defined. The data on the German population obtained here should become part of a comparative analysis within the international context. Despite considerable scientific effort, @entity936 remains a difficult challenge for both @entity1 and attending physicians.

title: [Updated incidence of XXXX in Germany].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['Dry eye', 'dry eye']

answer: @entity936 :: (MESH:D015352,Disease) :: ['dry eye syndrome']


abstract: Low-grade @entity706 (LGAL) was diagnosed by histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of full-thickness biopsies from multiple regions of the gastrointestinal tract collected during exploratory laparotomy in 17 @entity468 . The most common clinical signs were @entity353 (n=17) and @entity391 and/or @entity294 (n=15). Clinical signs were chronic in 11 cases. Abdominal palpation was abnormal in 12 @entity468 , including diffuse intestinal thickening (n=8), an abdominal mass due to @entity1600 (n=5) and a focal mural intestinal mass (n=1). The most common ultrasonographic finding was normal or increased intestinal wall thickness with preservation of layering. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirates of mesenteric lymph nodes (n=9) were incorrectly identified as @entity706 in eight @entity468 , in which the histological diagnosis from biopsies was @entity706 . There was neoplastic infiltration of more than one anatomic region of the gastrointestinal tract in 16/17 @entity468 . The jejunum (15/15 @entity468 ) and ileum (13/14 @entity468 ), followed by the duodenum (10/12 @entity468 ), were the most frequently affected sites. Twelve @entity468 were treated with oral @entity617 and high-dose pulse @entity5805 , two with a modified Madison-Wisconsin multiagent protocol and three with a combination of both protocols. Thirteen of the 17 @entity468 (76%) had complete clinical remission with a median remission time of 18.9 months. @entity468 that achieved complete remission had significantly longer median survival times (19.3 months) than @entity468 that did not achieve complete remission (n=4) (4.1 months; P=0.019). The prognosis for @entity468 with LGAL treated with oral @entity617 in combination with high-dose pulse @entity5805 is good to excellent.

title: Low-grade XXXX : clinicopathological findings and response to treatment in 17 cases.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'benign lymphoid hyperplasia', 'alimentary lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric lymph node enlargement']

entities_list: @entity5805 :: ('MESH:D002699', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorambucil']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['alimentary lymphoma']


abstract: The main objective of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy and safety of @entity800 in an open setting for @entity1682 cases. @entity1 with clinical signs and symptoms of @entity1682 without previous antimicrobial treatment admitted to affiliated hospitals of the Faculty of Medicine, University Indonesia were included in this study. Adults, 18 years or above, were screened for any serious underlying conditions, pregnancy or possible complications of @entity1682 before final enrollment. Fifty-three subjects were screened, 48 were enrolled. The final diagnosis of enteric @entity221 was made by positive blood culture, polymerase chain reaction or serology, was obtained in 31 cases, in whom one had a concomitant sinus @entity281 and had to be excluded. Thirty @entity1 (11 males, 19 females) aged between 18-58 years (mean 31.7 years) with a history of @entity221 between 1 and 10 days (mean 6.1 days) showed excellent clinical response, becoming afebrile at an average of 2.43 days (range 1-5 days). Adverse effects noted were @entity390 in 4 @entity1 , @entity391 in one and meteorism in another one, which were all difficult to distinguish from the enteric @entity281 . A @entity1910 occurring in two @entity1 may be related to @entity800 , and @entity22 in another @entity1 may be related. Microbiological clearance was obtained both immediately after treatment and at one month. No carrier states were detected in the cases positive for @entity1680 or paratyphi. None of the treated @entity1682 cases experienced a clinical relapse. In this open study of @entity800 500 mg/day for one week in treatment of uncomplicated @entity1682 , a 100% clinical efficacy was obtained in 30 @entity1 with minimal adverse reactions warranting more intensive studies for this new indication of an old but well known disease in the developing world.

title: Open study on efficacy and safety of XXXX in treatment of uncomplicated @entity1682 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1680 :: ('90370', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella typhi']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['pruritic rash']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity1682 :: ('MESH:D014435', 'Disease') :: ['typhoid fever']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity800 :: (MESH:D015242,Chemical) :: ['levofloxacin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2883 ( @entity2883 ) is a @entity10763 that can affect any organ in the body but mainly affects the upper and lower respiratory tract, the kidneys, joints, skin and eyes. The current mainstay of remission induction therapy is systemic @entity288 in combination with oral daily @entity786 (CYC) which induces remission in 75% to 100% of cases. Although standard therapy is effective in inducing partial or complete remission, 50% of complete remissions are followed by at least one relapse. This is an update of a review first published in 2009. OBJECTIVES: To determine if intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) adjuvant therapy provides a therapeutic advantage over and above treatment with systemic @entity288 in combination with immunosuppressants for the treatment of @entity2883 . SEARCH METHODS: For this update the Cochrane @entity1095 Group @entity325 ( @entity325 ) searched the Specialised Register (last searched November 2012) and CENTRAL (2012, Issue 11). Trial databases were searched by the @entity325 for details of ongoing and unpublished studies. No date or language restrictions were applied. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), or quasi RCTs, or randomized cross-over trials. @entity1 had to be adults with a confirmed diagnosis of @entity2883 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently extracted data and assessed trial quality. Relative risk was used to analyze dichotomous variables, and mean difference (MD) was used to analyze continuous variables. MAIN RESULTS: We included one RCT with 34 @entity1 who were randomly assigned to receive IVIg or placebo once daily in addition to @entity500 and @entity617 for remission maintenance. There were no significant differences between adjuvant IVIg and adjuvant placebo in mortality, serious adverse events, time to relapse, open-label rescue therapy, and @entity281 rates. The fall in disease activity score, derived from @entity1 -reported symptoms, was slightly greater in the IVIg group than in the placebo group at one month (MD 2.30; 95% Confidence interval (CI) 1.12 to 3.48, P < 0.01) and three months ( @entity6917 .80; 95% CI 0.35 to 3.25, P = 0.01). There was a significant increase in total adverse events in the IVIg group (relative risk (RR) 3.50; 95% CI 1.44 to 8.48, P < 0.01). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence from one RCT that IVIg adjuvant therapy provides a therapeutic advantage compared with the combination of @entity230 and immunosuppressants for @entity1 with @entity2883 . Given the high cost of IVIg (one dose at 2 g/kg for a 70 kg @entity1 =  8,400), it should be limited to treat @entity2883 in the context of a well conducted RCT powered to detect @entity1 -relevant outcomes.

title: Intravenous immunoglobulin as adjuvant therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral Vascular Diseases']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity10763 :: ('MESH:C565222', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing small-vessel vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['Trials Search Co-ordinator', 'TSC']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['WG', "Wegener's granulomatosis"]

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['Wegener's granulomatosis']


abstract: Our previous study [Kou et al., 2008. Juvenile hormone levels are increased in winners of cockroach fights. Horm. Behav. 52, 252-260] showed that the basic principle of the challenge hypothesis (hormone levels can respond to social stimuli to modulate @entity146 in vertebrates] could be applied to @entity2338 ( @entity2338 ) levels and @entity146 in the lobster cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea. In that study, 80- to 85-day-old socially na  ve males were used, as fighting is much more easily initiated in these older animals than in younger males, and @entity2338 III levels in the dominant were found to be significantly increased after an encounter compared to before the encounter and were significantly higher than those in the subordinates. In @entity28305 , newly emerged males usually show no @entity146 towards each other and @entity146 is only initiated after several days of close contact. To investigate the development of @entity146 from an early age, in the present study, newly emerged males were paired to investigate the relationship between @entity2338 levels and @entity146 . The results showed that injection of @entity2338 III significantly increased the probability of the young males being fight winners. In each age group in which @entity146 was initiated, the dominants had significantly higher @entity2338 levels than either the subordinates or the same aged non-fighters. @entity2338 injection of subordinates on the day of rank establishment had no effect on the probability of rank switch. These results indicate that, (i) in newly emerged male pairs, @entity2338 plays a decisive role in rank establishment and the fact that dominant status is significantly associated with a higher @entity2338 titer and subordinate status with a lower @entity2338 titer is consistent with the basic principle of the challenge hypothesis, and (ii) after rank establishment, the lack of effect of @entity2338 treatment on rank change is consistent with the idea of "social inertia" in vertebrates.

title: Juvenile hormone and the ontogeny of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile hormone', 'JH']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'aggressiveness']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['cockroach aggression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study early and late mortality after surgical correction of @entity1498 . DESIGN: Data on 223 @entity1 operated on at the Westminster Hospital, London, between 1946 and 1981, were collected and updated by questionnaire. @entity1 : All 223 @entity1 recorded as undergoing operation for @entity1498 up to the end of 1981. Fifteen of 197 survivors were lost to follow up; most of them were @entity1 from overseas. OUTCOME AND RESULTS: The early mortality (within one month of operation) was 12% overall, 2.6% for elective surgery, and 0% for the 77 @entity1 undergoing surgery since 1968. Survivors were followed up for a total of 3288 @entity1 years; in 27 follow up lasted more than 30 years. In a few it reached 40 years. Twenty two @entity1 died during this period, 18 from causes that could be attributed to @entity1498 or its repair. Mortality was highest more than 20 years after the operation. CONCLUSION: Repair increased life expectancy in @entity1 with @entity1498 . Late problems caused by persistent @entity101 or recoarctation became apparent in long term survivors. The increased risk of late mortality associated with the duration of preoperative @entity101 was not statistically significant. There were no @entity204 from cerebrovascular accidents. (In an earlier necropsy series cerebrovascular accidents accounted for 11.8% of @entity204 .) The incidence of @entity204 from aneurysms resembled that in the earlier necropsy series.

title: Operative survival and 40 year follow up of surgical repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation of the aorta', 'aortic coarctation', 'coarctation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['aortic coarctation']


abstract: Seventeen adolescents underwent arthroscopic lateral meniscectomy for discoid lateral meniscus. The average age at surgery was 13.6 years (range: 5-18 years). The main preoperative symptom was @entity158 in 16 knees and extension loss in 1 knee. At arthroscopy, 10 menisci were complete, 4 were incomplete, and 3 were Wrisberg type. Arthroscopic total meniscectomy was performed in the 3 Wrisberg types, 2 complete types, and 1 incomplete type. The remaining menisci underwent partial meniscectomy. The average follow-up was 10 years (range: 5-15 years). According to the Ikeuchi rating system, 12 knees were rated as excellent (no symptoms and full range of motion), 4 were rated as good (occasional @entity158 ), and 1 was rated as fair ( @entity158 in an @entity28 @entity1 ). Radiographic evaluation showed development of minor osteophytes in the lateral compartment of 8 knees and <50% narrowing of the lateral joint space in 11 knees. No correlation was found between meniscal type, type of meniscectomy (partial or total), and clinical and radiographic results. Arthroscopic lateral meniscectomy for discoid lateral meniscus in adolescents was effective in relieving symptoms during a 10-year follow-up period. Longer follow-up is needed to ascertain the significance of the radiographic changes seen in this study.

title: Arthroscopic meniscectomy for discoid lateral meniscus in XXXX and adolescents: 10-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'patellofemoral pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity548 leads to decreased proinflammatory cytokine response which is associated with an increased susceptibility to @entity2348 . In the present study, the effect of @entity2304 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced @entity637 release and MAPkinase activation was analysed on the background of a possible immunostimulating activity of this substance. Male BALB/c @entity19 were bled to a mean arterial blood pressure of 50 mmHg for 45 min followed by resuscitation. Peritoneal macrophages were isolated 20 h after @entity548 and incubated with 10 ng/ml @entity2304 for 6h before LPS stimulation. @entity637 synthesis was studied in the culture supernatants using ELISA. Phosphorylation of ERK, @entity1995 and @entity1993 was detected by Western blotting. LPS-induced @entity637 production of peritoneal macrophages was significantly decreased 20 h after @entity548 in comparison to the corresponding cells of sham-operated @entity19 . In parallel the phosphorylation of @entity1993 was less in LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages from haemorrhagic @entity19 . LPS-induced phosphorylation of @entity8837 was also decreased in peritoneal macrophages isolated after @entity548 . In contrast, @entity1995 was phosphorylated more intensely after LPS-stimulation in macrophages collected from shocked @entity19 . @entity2304 incubation elevated LPS-induced @entity637 response of macrophages from both sham-operated and shocked @entity19 which was accompanied by an elevated IkappaB and ERK phosphorylation. In general, @entity2304 treatment in vitro enhanced peritoneal macrophages LPS-response both in terms of @entity637 synthesis and IkappaB and MAPK signalling, but the levels always stayed lower than those of @entity2304 -treated cells from sham-operated animals. In conclusion, @entity2304 preincubation could partly reactivate the depressed functions of peritoneal macrophages and may therefore exert immunostimulating properties after shock or @entity130 .

title: XXXX in @entity19 --intracellular signalling and immunomodulation of peritoneal macrophages' LPS response.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Haemorrhagic shock', 'haemorrhagic shock', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Haemorrhagic shock']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity65 is the leading cause of @entity204 among @entity1 . Identifying risk factors for future @entity65 may lead to earlier lifestyle modifications and disease prevention. Additionally inter-pregnancy development of @entity65 can lead to @entity5845 in subsequent pregnancies. Identification and implementation of interventions in the short-term (within 5 years of first pregnancy) may decrease morbidity in subsequent pregnancies. OBJECTIVE: We identified the short-term risk (within five years of first pregnancy) of @entity65 among @entity1 who experienced a @entity5028 , as well as @entity600 and/or delivered a small for gestational age @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study using a population based, clinically enhanced database of @entity1 in the state of Florida. Nulliparous @entity1 aged 15-49 experiencing their first delivery during the study time period with no pre pregnancy history of @entity6 , @entity101 , heart or @entity8 were included in the study. The risk of subsequent @entity65 was compared among @entity1 who did and did not experience a @entity5028 during their first pregnancy. Risk was then reassessed among @entity1 suffering @entity5028 and pre-term birth or delivering a small for gestational age @entity1 versus those without these adverse pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS: The final study population consisted of 302,686. Median follow up time for each @entity1 was 4.9 years. The unadjusted rate of subsequent @entity65 among @entity1 with any @entity5028 (11.8 per 1,000 @entity1 ) was 39% higher than the rate among @entity1 without a @entity5028 (8.5 per 1,000 @entity1 ). Even after adjusting for socio-demographic factors, pre-existing conditions, and clinical and behavioral conditions associated with the current pregnancy, @entity1 with any @entity5028 experienced a 19% increased risk of @entity65 (HR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.32). @entity1 with more than one @entity5028 had the highest @entity65 risk (HR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.70), followed by those with @entity3036 / @entity1468 (HR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.76). When @entity5028 was combined with pre-term birth and/or small for gestational age, the adjusted risk of @entity65 increased 45% (95% CI: 1.24, 1.71). @entity1 with @entity5028 who then developed @entity65 experienced a 5-fold increase in healthcare-related costs during follow-up, compared to those who did not develop @entity65 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 experiencing @entity5028 and @entity600 or small for gestational age @entity1 are at increased risk of subsequent @entity65 in short-term follow up. Strategies to identify and improve @entity65 risk in the postpartum period may improve future @entity299 outcomes.

title: Pregnancy as a window to future health: XXXX and short-term cardiovascular outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infant', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5028 :: ('MESH:D010922', 'Disease') :: ['placental syndromes', 'placental syndrome', 'maternal placental syndrome']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['increased perinatal morbidity']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia alone']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity5028 :: (MESH:D010922,Disease) :: ['Maternal placental syndromes']


abstract: A 37-year-old female, who had received modified radical mastectomy for @entity5 of her right breast, presented with decreased visual acuity in the @entity735 after radiation therapy for the management of the @entity3 to her right brain 14 months ago. After ocular examination, we diagnosed her as @entity989 . At the time of the first visit, the corrected best visual acuity was 0.4 in the @entity735 , and fundus examination revealed @entity2708 wool spots and @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ). The findings in the right eye were normal except for @entity2708 wool spots in the superior major arch. Fluorescein angiography (FA) showed marked @entity8721 and @entity735 but tiny microaneurysms in her right eye. Subsequent optical coherent tomography (OCT) showed @entity1103 . We injected intravitreal @entity2995 (TA). Two weeks after treatment, the visual acuity was improved to 0.6 and the retinal thickness was decreased. Three months later, the visual acuity in the @entity735 was dropped to 0.3 due to the recurrence of @entity1103 , so we injected intravitreal TA again. Five months later, visual acuity was improved to 0.5 and OCT revealed the improvement of @entity1103 . The incidence of @entity989 is higher in the side nearer to radiation, but careful radiation blocking is also required on the opposite side of irradiation site considering the possibility of @entity989 and careful observation is required on both sides of the eyes when performing fundus examination.

title: A case of XXXX of @entity735 after radiation therapy of right brain @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['CME', 'cystoid macular edema']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['left eye', 'microaneurysms in her left eye']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['radiation retinopathy']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['radiation retinopathy']


abstract: AIM: To retrospectively review the computed tomography (CT) imaging features of a series of histologically confirmed @entity8880 and to determine whether imaging features are predictive of this subtype of benign @entity703 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From May 2001 to October 2007, 21 @entity1 with 28 renal masses, confirmed as @entity8880 on histological examination of the resection specimen, were identified from the pathology database at our institution. The preoperative imaging findings were retrospectively analysed to determine characteristic features, if any, to predict this rare subtype of @entity5 . RESULTS: There were 11 female and 10 male @entity1 and the age at presentation ranged from 40-80 years (mean age 65.9 years). The size of the masses ranged from 1.2-12 cm in diameter (mean diameter 4.9 cm). All masses showed contrast enhancement. In 18 (64.3%) lesions the enhancement of the @entity5 was isodense to renal cortex. Ten (35.7%) lesions were @entity8 . In three (10.7%) lesions, a well-defined stellate central scar was seen at CT and confirmed pathologically. In two (7.1%) lesions, a central scar was identified pathologically, but not seen on CT. The size of the central scars ranged from 10-29 mm diameter on CT. Twenty-two (78.6%) lesions did not demonstrate a scar on CT or pathologically. None of the @entity1 had regional @entity3329 or distant @entity3 . CONCLUSION: @entity8880 is typically described as being hypervascular and homogeneous, with a characteristic central stellate scar on CT. The present study demonstrates that these imaging features are found in only a small proportion of these @entity5 . Therefore, imaging characteristics alone are unreliable when differentiating between @entity1637 and @entity1358 , and histopathological diagnosis remains the reference standard.

title: @entity8880 : CT features cannot reliably distinguish XXXX from other @entity703 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8880 :: ('MESH:C537750', 'Disease') :: ['renal oncocytomas', 'Renal oncocytoma', 'renal oncocytoma']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['hypodense to renal cortex']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1637 :: ('MESH:D018249', 'Disease') :: ['oncocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign renal tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal epithelial tumour']

answer: @entity1637 :: (MESH:D018249,Disease) :: ['oncocytoma']


abstract: @entity204 certificates listing @entity1582 as the underlying cause of @entity204 during the period 1950-1970 were examined for secular trends, and geographic and demographic characteristics associated with the disease. An upward trend in the @entity204 rates for all age, sex and race groups was found; the most dramatic increases were seen in the oldest age groups. During the 20-year period, the @entity204 rate for white males 75 years of age and older increased tenfold. For white females 75 years of age and older. It increased eightfold. White male rates were constantly higher and showed a sharper increase in age-adjusted @entity204 rates than white female rates. Because of the low number of nonwhite deaths in @entity6476 from @entity1582 , the rates showed extreme fluctuations. After adjustments were made for age differences, the nonwhite annual rate was 2.36 per 100,000 compared with 1.62 for the white population. There was not enough information to draw conclusions about the geographic distribution of @entity1582 . Findings for the @entity6476 population were consistent with the few previously reported studies.

title: @entity1582 in XXXX : racial, age, sex, geographic and time variations.

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Oklahoma death', 'death']

answer: @entity6476 :: (MESH:C537147,Disease) :: ['Oklahoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to the lack of beds in medical wards, many @entity1 are placed in other departments' wards (usually in surgical wards). These @entity1 are called "medical outliers". This is a common problem in countries with public national health services. We determined whether location influences progress and prognosis of @entity1 . METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study in a public university hospital in Madrid, Spain. 243 @entity1 discharged from the Department of Internal Medicine during 2006 with the same diagnosis-related group (DRG) ( @entity712 and @entity943 with major complications or comorbidity) were studied. @entity1 admitted to departments other than the Internal Medicine department or Intensive Care Unit were excluded. "Medical outlier" was defined as a @entity1 admitted to a ward different from the Internal Medicine ward. Medical outliers transferred to the Internal Medicine ward were not excluded. RESULTS: 109 (45%) @entity1 were medical outliers. They had a longer stay in hospital (mean difference 2.6 days, 95% confidence interval 0.6-4.7) but with no statistically significant differences in mortality, readmission, or intra-hospital morbidity. These patterns persisted after control for confounding in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: @entity1 admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine with @entity712 had a longer stay if they initially start in other departments' wards. Significant differences were not seen in this group of @entity1 with respect to mortality, readmission, or intra-hospital morbidity.

title: Clinical outcomes in medical outliers admitted to hospital with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Australian paediatricians use a wide variety of practices when managing @entity25 in @entity1 , including use of @entity2493 and behavioral strategies. However, practice patterns around the use of strategies, dosing, and how the @entity1 populations managed, are unknown. Results could inform guidelines for the management of @entity1 @entity25 . OBJECTIVE: We aimed to document management practices by Australian general paediatricians for @entity25 through an online survey sent to members of the Australian Paediatric Research Network (APRN) who are recruited from the Royal Australasian College of Physicians. RESULTS: 181 (49%) of 373 eligible paediatricians responded, with 101 prescribing @entity2493 . The most commonly prescribed medications for poor sleep initiation were @entity2493 (89.1%), @entity1338 (48%) and antihistamines (29%). @entity2493 doses ranged from 0.5mg to 12mg and duration of treatment was as long as 200weeks. Less than half of the paediatricians were aware of any potential @entity2493 side effects. Most paediatricians (82%) reported using behavioral strategies for @entity25 , most commonly anxiety relaxation techniques (75%) for poor sleep initiation and graduated extinction (i.e. "controlled crying", 52%) for disrupted overnight sleep. CONCLUSIONS: Australian paediatricians use both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for @entity25 . @entity2493 is the most commonly prescribed medication, but wide variation in its prescribing suggests a lack of knowledge of recommended dosages and effectiveness. Given the prevalence and variation in prescribing, there is an urgent need to develop clear guidance for paediatricians managing @entity1 with @entity25 .

title: Pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of XXXX in @entity1 : an Australian Paediatric Research Network survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['paediatric sleep disturbances', 'sleep disturbance', 'sleep disturbances']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['Melatonin', 'melatonin']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep disturbance']


abstract: @entity39 is a rare but debilitating complication of treatment with @entity2067 antagonist anticoagulants such as @entity1229 . A clinically similar syndrome has been reported less frequently with heparin therapy. We recently managed a thirty-year-old female @entity1 who developed @entity39 on her left lower extremity while on @entity1229 for postpartum @entity11942 . The lesions started to develop 48 hr after stopping heparin therapy. Discontinuation of @entity1229 and reinstitution of heparin was complicated by a rapid decrease in platelet count consistent with @entity882 ( @entity882 ) and its associated risk of platelet activation and @entity715 . The diagnosis was supported by the identification of antibodies against heparin/platelet factor 4 complexes in the patient's serum. The platelet count recovered and the @entity1 improved after switching to therapy with the heparinoid danaparoid. Evaluation for a hypercoagulable state revealed a partial @entity4889 , a condition that previously was identified in two of her family members. It is not clear if this @entity1 suffered from @entity1229 -induced @entity39 , a manifestation of heparin-mediated platelet activation, or a complex condition in which both drugs contributed. @entity882 may affect 1-3% of @entity1 who receive unfractionated heparin, and this case raises the possibility that heparin may contribute to, or cause, some episodes of @entity39 attributed to @entity1229 . Because many @entity1 who develop @entity1229 -induced @entity39 have been treated initially with heparin, it would seem prudent to consider @entity882 in these situations.

title: Anticoagulant-induced @entity39 in a XXXX with hereditary @entity4889 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['HIT', 'heparin-induced thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['Skin necrosis', 'skin necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of protein S']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity11983 (BetA) is a plant-derived @entity27499 that exerts potent anti- @entity5 effects in vitro and in vivo, but is non toxic to untransformed cells. In our previous study we observed that BetA consistently induced cell death in a broad panel of @entity5 cell lines. Apoptosis induced by BetA involves activation of caspases, @entity9190 cleavage and DNA fragmentation and was suggested to depend on the mitochondrial pathway. However, conflicting results have been reported with respect to the role of the pro- and anti-apoptotic members of the @entity588 family, which are often aberrantly regulated in @entity5 and thereby confer growth and survival advantages. Here we show that BetA-induced apoptosis critically depends on the release of @entity4674 from the mitochondria and formation of the apoptosome. Nevertheless, over-expression of @entity588 or @entity1836 only provides limited protection against BetA-induced apoptosis. More importantly, @entity589 / @entity2428 deficient cells are as sensitive to BetA as their wild-type counterparts, suggesting that @entity4674 is released in a non-classical fashion. In agreement, pre-incubation with @entity205 indicated a crucial role for the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PT) in the induction of apoptosis. Our observations therefore indicate that BetA affects mitochondria and induces @entity4674 release directly via PT Pore. This is only temporarily prevented by anti-apoptotic members of the @entity588 family, but independent of @entity589 and @entity2428 . These findings help to explain the remarkable broad efficacy of BetA against @entity5 cells of different origin and its effect in @entity5 cells that are resistant to other chemotherapeutic agents.

title: @entity11983 induces XXXX release and apoptosis in a @entity589 / @entity2428 -independent, permeability transition pore dependent fashion.

entities_list: @entity11983 :: ('MESH:C002070', 'Chemical') :: ['Betulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity27499 :: ('CHEBI:25872', 'Chemical') :: ['pentacyclic triterpenoid']

answer: @entity4674 :: (54205,Gene) :: ['cytochrome c']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Adult and adolescent smokers regulate their @entity1239 and smoke intake by smoking low-yield cigarettes more intensely than high-yield cigarettes. One likely mechanism of @entity1239 regulation is altered puffing topography, which has been demonstrated in adult smokers. The purpose of this study was to examine the pattern of puffing behavior during the smoking of a single cigarette in adolescents. METHODS: @entity286 -dependent adolescents (n = 89) were enrolled in a treatment trial testing the efficacy of @entity1239 replacement therapy. About 1 week before their quit date, @entity1 smoked ad libitum one of their usual brand of cigarettes during a laboratory session. Smoking topography measures included puff volume, puff duration, puff velocity, and interpuff interval. RESULTS: Controlling for sex, race, and number of puffs, puff volume and puff duration decreased 12.8% and 24.5%, respectively, from the first 3 to the last 3 puffs. Puff velocity and interpuff interval increased 14.8% and 13.5%, respectively. Puff volume was positively correlated with puff duration and puff velocity, whereas puff duration and puff velocity were negatively correlated. However, none of the topography measures were correlated with smoking history variables. DISCUSSION: These results suggest that adolescent smokers, like adults, are able to regulate smoke and @entity1239 intake on a puff-by-puff basis, therefore indicating that this aspect of smoking control is acquired early in the @entity286 -dependence process.

title: Puffing behavior during the smoking of a single cigarette in XXXX -dependent adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['Tobacco', 'tobacco']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: We describe the first @entity1280 @entity1445 with quantitative serum levels of a pediatric @entity1 in @entity772 and with pinpoint pupils. This case is an important contribution to the pediatric @entity1280 literature because it illustrates that ingestion of just 1 pill may result to profound mental status and @entity1576 in a @entity1 . H.C., a 30-month-old @entity1 , presented to the emergency department approximately 30 minutes after an accidental ingestion of an adult family member's medication. The @entity1 was found on the floor surrounded by numerous pills and was witnessed to have ingested at least 1 tablet by a caregiver. After finding the @entity1 with the pills, the family observed the @entity1 for a brief period but transported her to the hospital after she became lethargic and unresponsive. The @entity1 received 2 doses of 0.4 mg of intravenous @entity1510 without change in her neurologic status. The @entity1 then underwent a rapid sequence intubation for airway protection and subsequently received gastrointestinal decontamination with 15 g of activated charcoal via the orogastric tube. @entity1280 is an atypical antipsychotic drug that was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in February 2001 for the general treatment of @entity161 in adults. Previously reported pediatric @entity1280 @entity1445 describe a syndrome of sedation, @entity591 , @entity2421 , and @entity772 consistent with that of the @entity1 described in this paper. In pediatric @entity1280 @entity1445 , @entity1162 and @entity551 have also been illustrated, but @entity410 have not been reported. An interesting aspect of this case is the development of pinpoint pupils unresponsive to @entity1510 . This phenomenon has been reported before with @entity1445 of @entity1037 , a similar atypical antipsychotic. The mechanism of miosis associated with @entity1445 of atypical antipsychotics is unclear but is likely related to interference with central innervation of the pupil. Pupil size is maintained by a balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic neurohumeral tones. We propose that an @entity1445 of an alpha-1 receptor blocking agent, such as @entity1280 , results in unopposed parasympathetic stimulation resulting in miosis.

title: Pediatric @entity1280 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1280 :: ('MESH:C092292', 'Chemical') :: ['ziprasidone', 'Ziprasidone']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QTc prolongation']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['overdoses', 'overdose']

answer: @entity1445 :: (MESH:D062787,Disease) :: ['overdose']


abstract: Target height, the genetic potential in stature, is commonly estimated by the @entity4263 ( @entity4263 ) method. A new model for estimating target height has recently been introduced based on a large, Swedish, population-based study. The aim of this study was to compare the validity of the two methods for estimating target height in Hong Kong Chinese @entity1 . The Hong Kong Chinese were more than 10 cm shorter than the Swedes in stature. The secular increase in height over the two generations, however, was 4.2-4.8 cm for the Hong Kong Chinese, much larger than that of the Swedes (0.7-1.0 cm). The two populations are thus at different stages in the secular trend. The new model derived from Swedish population for estimating target height was shown to be applicable to Hong Kong Chinese @entity1 ; the mean of residual final height values was close to zero (-0.15 cm, p = 0.74). However, the mean of residual final height was significantly above the expected value of zero (4.5 cm, p<0.0001) when the @entity4263 method was applied to the data, which implies an underestimation bias of 4.5 cm. Consequently, if the @entity4263 method is used to estimate target height and evaluate @entity2124 treatment responses in short @entity1 , it may inflate the treatment response by 4.5 cm. In conclusion, the recently proposed model for target height estimation offers a better alternative for estimating target height in Hong Kong Chinese @entity1 and for assessing growth-promoting treatments.

title: A comparison of target height estimated and final height attained between Swedish and Hong Kong Chinese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity4263 :: ('MESH:C535426', 'Disease') :: ['corrected midparental height', 'CMH']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity195 of the neurofibrillary tangle type (SD- @entity3072 ) is characterized by numerous @entity3072 ( @entity3072 ) in the hippocampal region and the absence or minimal presence of senile plaques throughout the brain. We analyzed 207 demented subjects and 68 non-demented subjects autopsied in the Hisayama study to investigate the clinicopathological aspects of SD-NFF in the general Japanese population. The prevalence of SD- @entity3072 in the consecutive autopsy cases was 8/207 (3.9%), comprising three @entity1 and five @entity1 . The average age at onset and @entity204 was 83.8 +/- 6.8 (mean +/- SD; standard deviation) and 88.1 +/- 7.6 years, respectively. A mild @entity2414 preceded a decrease in the ability to undertake the activities of daily living and the diagnosis of @entity303 . Focal cerebral symptoms, such as @entity2026 and @entity912 , did not appear during the disease course of any subject. Gross examination of the brains showed moderate to severe @entity194 with brain @entity353 (mean +/- SD; standard deviation: 1118.1 +/- 124.0 g). Histologically, there were abundant @entity3072 and neuropil threads predominantly in or limited to the limbic cortex. The density of @entity3072 in the @entity1399 /subiculum in SD- @entity3072 was much higher than the densities in the other hippocampal regions. The average density of @entity3072 in @entity1399 in SD- @entity3072 subjects was 115.4 per 100 x field (range 23-247), that in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) subjects was 80.1 (range 1-227), and that in non-demented elderly subjects was 37.2 (range 0-203). Although many previous papers have reported that the densities of @entity3072 in the limbic system in SD- @entity3072 were significantly higher than those in @entity195 , there was considerable overlap of @entity3072 densities in @entity1399 among the non-demented elderly, @entity195 subjects and SD- @entity3072 subjects.

title: Quantitative analysis of neurofibrillary pathology in a general population to reappraise neuropathological criteria for XXXX of the neurofibrillary tangle type (tangle-only @entity303 ): the Hisayama Study.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary tangles', 'NFT']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse cerebral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Senile dementia', 'Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory disturbance']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['senile dementia']


abstract: @entity4154 ( @entity4154 ) remains a major problem after lung transplantation. @entity4580 seems to be beneficial in some @entity1 with established @entity4154 . We investigated the efficacy of @entity706 ( @entity706 ) in 6 @entity4154 @entity1 with a continuous decline in FEV(1), despite treatment with @entity4580 for a mean of 12 +/- 13 (range, 1-35) months. A historical control group consisted of 5 @entity1 with declining FEV(1), also nonresponders to @entity4580 and those not treated with @entity706 . All 6 @entity706 @entity1 received the total dose of 8 Gy in 10 sessions. There was a significant change in the decline of the FEV(1) after @entity706 treatment (from 221 +/- 107 to 94 +/- 79 mL/mo; P = .041). Three @entity1 died, due to @entity4154 progression, overwhelming @entity55 , and @entity1164 , respectively, 3.5, 11, and 26 months after @entity706 ; two @entity1 underwent retransplantation at 6 and 19 months after @entity706 , respectively. The sixth @entity1 remains stable in @entity4154 stage 3 after a follow-up period of 24 months. In the control group, there was no significant change in FEV(1) decline (209 +/- 97 mL/mo before versus 193 +/- 81 mL/mo after starting @entity4580 ; P = not significant). Two @entity1 remain stable in @entity4154 stage 3, 1 died of @entity4154 progression, and the 5th @entity1 is scheduled for retransplantation. We conclude that @entity1 who do not or no longer respond to @entity4580 may benefit from @entity706 , as suggested by a decreased rate in decline of the FEV(1).

title: Efficacy of XXXX in @entity4580 nonresponsive chronic allograft rejection after lung transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['TLI', 'total lymphoid irradiation']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin', 'Azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome', 'BOS']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['total lymphoid irradiation']


abstract: Salinity, drought and low temperature are the common forms of abiotic stress encountered by land plants. To cope with these adverse environmental factors, plants execute several physiological and metabolic responses. Both osmotic stress (elicited by water deficit or high salt) and cold stress increase the endogenous level of the phytohormone @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ). @entity2272 -dependent stomatal closure to reduce water loss is associated with small signaling molecules like @entity842 , reactive @entity26 species and cytosolic free @entity460 , and mediated by rapidly altering ion fluxes in guard cells. @entity2272 also triggers the expression of osmotic stress-responsive (OR) genes, which usually contain single/multiple copies of cis-acting sequence called @entity2271 -responsive element (ABRE) in their upstream regions, mostly recognized by the basic @entity368 zipper-transcription factors (TFs), namely, @entity2272 -responsive element-binding protein/ @entity2272 -binding factor. Another conserved sequence called the dehydration-responsive element (DRE)/C-repeat, responding to cold or osmotic stress, but not to @entity2272 , occurs in some OR promoters, to which the DRE-binding protein/C-repeat-binding factor binds. In contrast, there are genes or TFs containing both DRE/CRT and ABRE, which can integrate input stimuli from salinity, drought, cold and @entity2272 signaling pathways, thereby enabling cross-tolerance to multiple stresses. A strong candidate that mediates such cross-talk is @entity460 , which serves as a common second messenger for abiotic stress conditions and @entity2272 . The present review highlights the involvement of both @entity2272 -dependent and @entity2272 -independent signaling components and their interaction or convergence in activating the stress genes. We restrict our discussion to salinity, drought and cold stress.

title: Cross-talk between XXXX -dependent and @entity2271 -independent pathways during abiotic stress.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity2271 :: (MESH:D000040,Chemical) :: ['abscisic acid']


abstract: The myocardial release of @entity7766 -like immunoreactivity (NPY-LI) and @entity1063 (NA) during exercise with and without arterial @entity519 was measured in 18 healthy @entity1 by arterial (a) and coronary sinus (cs) catheterization. Exercise was performed in the supine position on a cycle ergometer at a load, selected to produce a heart rate during air breathing of 120 beats @entity1009 . Coronary sinus blood flow (CSBF) was measured and a and cs samples for NPY-LI, NA, @entity26 and @entity880 analyses were taken at rest and after 6 min exercise. The inspiratory gas was then switched to 15% (n = 8) or 12% (n = 10) @entity26 in @entity1568 , exercise continued at the same load and measurements repeated after 6 min. At rest no significant release and during normoxic exercise a very small myocardial release of NPY-LI and NA was detected. During @entity519 compared to normoxia the cardiac NPY-LI release increased four-fold and the NA net release doubled at the same time as the arterial NPY-LI remained unaltered or only slightly increased. Both the NPY-LI and the NA net release from the heart correlated with the heart rate and the arterial but not the cs @entity26 tension. The NPY-LI release was correlated with the NA net release. The findings suggest that arterial @entity519 stimulates cardiac NPY together with NA release which derives from local sympathetic nerves. The release from the heart seems to be greater than from other tissues.

title: @entity7766 is released together with XXXX from the @entity1 heart during exercise and @entity519 .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['noradrenaline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity281 @entity8434 or @entity8434 , is a @entity281 caused most frequently by flatworm @entity12047 . @entity8434 is endemic in @entity233 where animal husbandry is common. Eventhough, @entity66 can develop anywhere in the @entity1 body it is most frequently occurs in the liver and then the lungs. Rupture of hydatid cysts into the peritoneal cavity, although rare, still presents a challenge for the surgeon. CASE: A 20-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity2616 after 24 hours of mild @entity1661 , @entity158 and @entity390 . On examination his abdomen was tender, with guarding and rebound tenderness and had a 3 cm long subcostal incision scar. All laboratory investigations were in the normal range. Exploratory laparotomy revealed multiple peritoneal cyst hydatid lesions with the largest measuring 10 cm in size and one also located in the right lobe of the liver. CONCLUSIONS: Rupture of hydatid cysts into the peritoneal cavity, although rare, still presents a challenge for the surgeon. This pathology should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen in endemic areas, especially in @entity1 with a history of cyst hydatid (Fig. 1, Ref. 12). Full Text (Free, @entity14305 ) www.bmj.sk.

title: Peritoneal XXXX with @entity2616 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Hydatid disease']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distention']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic infection']

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['Hydatidosis', 'echinococcosis', 'hydatidosis']

entities_list: @entity12047 :: ('6210', 'Species') :: ['Echinococcus granulosus']

answer: @entity8434 :: (MESH:D004443,Disease) :: ['hydatidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cellular immune system is the most dominant factor in curing acute @entity4013 . However, the exact immune mechanisms involved in generating this defense are complex and still obscure. The aim of this study was to investigate the fungicidal mechanism of T cells in the normal population versus @entity1 with chronic @entity364 . METHODS: Thirty @entity1 were included in the study: 15 @entity1 with chronic @entity4013 and 15 normal healthy @entity1 with a history of acute @entity4013 . The procedures were performed as follows. 1) Proliferation and cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes cultured with various dermatophytes homogenate such as, @entity12734 , @entity12736 and @entity14955 . 2) @entity404 (+) and @entity405 (+) T cells were separated by magnetic beads before culture with fresh spores of either @entity12736 or @entity12734 . 3) Routine histology and ultrastructural study were performed to illustrate the mode of activity of the T cells against the dermatophytes. RESULTS: The study showed that both @entity404 and @entity405 possess cytotoxic activity against dermatophytes. However, the results demonstrated a suppression of lymphocyte proliferation response and a significant lower cytotoxic effect in chronic @entity1 . Ultra structure and histological evaluation of the culture of hyphae with @entity404 (+) or @entity405 (+) T cells showed more prominently destructive effects in the culture of cells that had been obtained from normal population than those of @entity1 with @entity364 . CONCLUSION: The study suggests a selective impairment of lymphocyte function against dermatophytes, in @entity1 with chronic dermatophytoses.

title: @entity404 + and XXXX + T cells mediated direct cytotoxic effect against @entity12734 and @entity12736 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14955 :: ('63402', 'Species') :: ['Microsporum gypseum']

entities_list: @entity4013 :: ('MESH:D014005', 'Disease') :: ['dermatophytosis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections', 'long-lasting fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity12736 :: ('523103', 'Species') :: ['T. mentagrophytes', 'Trichophyton mentagrophytes']

entities_list: @entity12734 :: ('5551', 'Species') :: ['Trichophyton rubrum', 'T. rubrum']

answer: @entity405 :: (925,Gene) :: ['CD8']


abstract: @entity0 have been shown to elicit @entity5 -specific immune responses. As in other types of @entity5 , the antitumor immune response fails to contain @entity0 growth, and a reduction in both the quantity and cytotoxic effectiveness of @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is associated with a poorer prognosis. @entity12 ( @entity12 ) induces apoptotic death of activated lymphocytes that express its cell surface receptor, FasR ( @entity1197 / @entity1197 ). @entity12 -mediated apoptosis of activated lymphocytes contributes to normal immune downregulation through its roles in tolerance acquisition, immune response termination, and maintenance of immune privilege in the eye, testis, and fetus. In this report, we demonstrate that @entity0 express @entity12 . Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we show that @entity0 constitutively express @entity12 at both the mRNA and protein levels, respectively. @entity12 expression is prevalent in @entity0 : 100% of @entity0 (17 of 17) were found to express @entity12 , and expression occurred over more than 50% of the @entity5 area in all cases. By immunohistochemistry, FasR was found to be coexpressed with @entity12 throughout large areas of all the @entity0 . This suggests that the @entity5 cells had acquired intracellular defects in @entity12 -mediated apoptotic signaling. @entity12 and FasR expression were independent of @entity5 type or infiltrative capacity. @entity12 expressed by @entity5 cells has previously been shown to kill Fas-sensitive lymphoid cells in vitro and has been associated with apoptosis of TILs in vivo. We conclude that mammary @entity189 express @entity12 in vivo as a potential inhibitor of the antitumor immune response.

title: Expression of Fas ( XXXX / @entity1197 by human @entity0 : significance for @entity5 immune privilege.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancers', 'breast carcinomas', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumors', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity1197 :: (355,Gene) :: ['CD95']


abstract: Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) therapy is strongly associated with certain adverse effects, but the pathophysiologic mechanism is unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the influence of peripherally administered IFN- alpha on @entity535 levels in the brain. IFN-alpha was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) once daily to @entity35 , and their brains were extracted 24 h after the last injection. The levels of @entity2227 , @entity2228 , @entity2226 , @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ), and @entity369 in homogenized samples of the frontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebellum, and brainstem were determined. One day of IFN-alpha treatment induced no significant changes in any of these @entity1522 . After 4 days of injections, @entity2227 , @entity2228 , @entity2226 , and @entity1246 levels were significantly higher than those in the control frontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus. However, most of these @entity1522 returned to approximately basal levels, or even lower, with 14-day treatment. Our results suggest that daily peripheral administration of IFN-alpha affects the metabolism of @entity1522 in the brain. Further studies are necessary to determine if these effects of IFN-alpha on cerebral @entity1522 are involved in the pathophysiology of IFN-alpha-induced @entity308 .

title: Effects of intraperitoneal administration of IFN-alpha for one, four, and fourteen days on @entity535 levels in various XXXX brain regions.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Between December 1982 and June 1987, seven consecutive @entity1 (52 to 77 years old) underwent early surgical repair of postinfarction @entity1757 . The defect was diagnosed 3 to 10 days after the @entity583 . A new repair technique was used which stresses that no part of the infarcted septum be resected. This technique consists of a transinfarction incision in the left ventricle, placement of a fine Dacron fabric patch that covers all the infarcted septum and closes the @entity1757 , and placement of a second Dacron fabric patch that reinforces the infarcted anterior wall of the heart and supports the buttressed double suture closure of the left ventriculotomy. One very ill @entity1 of this series died during the operation (mortality rate 14.3%). Three @entity1 required the help of intraaortic balloon counterpulsation postoperatively, and five needed inotropic drug support. None of the @entity1 had excessive @entity548 . Two initial @entity1 had a small left-to-right interventricular shunt. Postoperative angiographic studies and Doppler echocardiography confirmed the existence of a nonsignificant residual @entity1757 in these two @entity1 and showed good geometry of the left ventricle with no @entity439 formation in all six survivors. This technique seems to be efficacious. It can be expeditiously performed, and the risks of @entity260 related to the technique appear to be minimal.

title: Postinfarction XXXX . An efficacious technique for early surgical repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defect']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of @entity1875 and @entity2614 on cytokine levels in @entity1 with community-acquired @entity55 undergoing flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy (FFB). METHOD: @entity1 with community-acquired @entity55 were randomly assigned to receive 3-5   mg/kg @entity1875 i.v. or 8% inhaled @entity2614 . Haemodynamic variables, stress hormone responses and serum cytokines were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Out of 50 @entity1 aged 2-12 years ( @entity1875 , n   =   25; @entity2614 , n   =   25), there were no significant between-group differences in haemodynamic variables and stress hormones. @entity650 and @entity688 decreased significantly following FFB in both groups. @entity650 levels were significantly lower in the @entity2614 group than @entity1875 group at 4   h and 1   d following FFB (61.3        11.9 versus 82.6        19.7   pg/ml; 52.8        9.7 versus 75.4        13.6   pg/ml, respectively). @entity688 levels in the @entity2614 group were significantly lower than in the @entity1875 group at 1   d following FFB. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with community-acquired @entity55 , use of @entity2614 was associated with lower circulating @entity650 and @entity688 levels compared with @entity1875 , following FFB. @entity55 severity is reflected by higher blood cytokine levels, thus, @entity2614 may be more beneficial to recovery from community-acquired @entity55 than @entity1875 , however further studies are required to test this hypothesis.

title: Effects of different anaesthetics on cytokine levels in @entity1 with community-acquired XXXX undergoing flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Young @entity1 (<50years) exhibit specific characteristics in @entity712 (HF), but their phenotype in @entity712 ( @entity712 ) is not well described. METHODS AND RESULTS: 2033 @entity1 of the PROTECT trial were divided into two groups: young @entity1 ( <=50years) and older @entity1 (>50years). Biomarkers from different pathophysiological domains were available in 1266 @entity1 . @entity1 were compared with regard to clinical characteristics, biomarker profiles, and in-hospital ( @entity177 [ @entity177 ] and decongestion) and post-discharge (180-day survival) outcome. Young @entity1 (n=121) were mostly @entity1 , had fewer comorbidities with better renal function, and more often had a reduced ejection fraction. At admission, young @entity1 were more likely to have @entity1211 , but less rales and @entity1353 compared with older @entity1 . During hospitalization, young @entity1 received higher loop diuretic doses and were decongested earlier than older @entity1 . @entity177 occurred less frequently in young @entity1 (5.9% vs. 13.3%, p=0.020) and they were more often discharged alive. At 180days, the mortality of young @entity1 was lower than that of the older @entity1 (9.9% vs. 18.1, p=0.021). Biomarker levels indicative of @entity32 and @entity8 were lower in the young, although they exhibited higher @entity3876 levels than older @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Despite use of higher diuretic doses, young @entity1 with @entity712 often developed @entity177 during hospitalization and had better outcomes than older @entity1 . Differences in biomarker levels between the age groups suggest distinct underlying pathophysiologies. https://clinicaltrials.gov numbers NCT00328692 and NCT00354458.

title: XXXX in the young: Clinical characteristics and biomarker profiles.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damage']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['AHF', 'AHF less', 'chronic heart failure', 'acute heart failure']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['worsening renal function', 'WRF']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['jugular venous distension']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Acute heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with mild @entity1780 -induced side effects. BACKGROUND: @entity1780 -induced side effects can interfere with therapy. Single @entity377 polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 enzymes impair @entity1780 metabolism; the reduced function @entity6906 *5 allele impairs @entity1780 clearance and is associated with @entity3413 -induced @entity121 with @entity908 kinase (CK) elevation. METHODS: The STRENGTH ( @entity1780 Response Examined by Genetic Haplotype Markers) study was a pharmacogenetics study of @entity1780 efficacy and safety. Subjects (n = 509) were randomized to @entity2993 10 mg, @entity3413 20 mg, or @entity8673 10 mg followed by 80 mg, 80 mg, and 40 mg, respectively. We defined a @entity137 ( @entity137 ) as discontinuation for any side effect, @entity925 , or CK >3x upper limit of normal during follow-up. We sequenced @entity5320 , @entity12327 , @entity5060 , @entity5322 , and @entity6906 and tested 7 reduced function alleles for association with the @entity137 . RESULTS: The @entity137 occurred in 99 subjects (54 discontinuations, 49 @entity925 , and 9 CK elevations). Sex was associated with @entity137 (percent female in @entity137 vs. no @entity137 groups, 66% vs. 50%, p < 0.01). @entity6906 *5 was associated with @entity137 (percent with > or = 1 allele in @entity137 vs. no @entity137 groups, 37% vs. 25%, p = 0.03) and those with @entity137 with no significant CK elevation (p < or = 0.03). Furthermore, there was evidence for a gene-dose effect (percent with @entity137 in those with 0, 1, or 2 alleles: 19%, 27%, and 50%, trend p = 0.01). Finally, the @entity137 risk appeared to be greatest in those carriers assigned to @entity3413 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6906 *5 genotype and female sex were associated mild @entity1780 -induced side effects. These findings expand the results of a recent genome-wide association study of @entity1780 @entity121 with CK >3x normal to milder, @entity1780 -induced, muscle side effects.

title: The @entity6906 *5 genetic variant is associated with XXXX -induced side effects.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['composite adverse event', 'CAE']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity1780 :: ('CHEBI:35664', 'Chemical') :: ['statin', 'Statin']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['myalgia', 'myalgias']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

entities_list: @entity8673 :: ('MESH:D017035', 'Chemical') :: ['pravastatin']

answer: @entity1780 :: (CHEBI:35664,Chemical) :: ['statin']


abstract: Oilseed meal is an important source of essential @entity3534 (EAA) for livestock production. It is the second most important ingredient in @entity1707 feed after grains. Optimal use of these ingredients requires precise knowledge of @entity3689 @entity4628 ( @entity4628 ), which may vary depending on several factors including botanical variety or processing treatments. A meta-analysis was performed in order to derive models for predicting the @entity4628 of @entity1460 , @entity2708 and rapeseed meal EAA, based on chemical composition data such as CP, total concentration of each EAA and fibre (crude fibre, ADF and NDF) content. A database of 47 references (224 experimental treatments) was built. A model incorporating processing method of the meals (e.g. cold pressed, expeller pressed, solvent extracted), experimental surgical procedure ( @entity1619 , re-entrant cannula, post valve @entity1619 and ileo-rectal anastomosis) and @entity1707 growth stage (BW    or    25 kg) was tested. Results indicated that neither processing nor BW affected EAA @entity4628 . NDF was the best predictor of @entity4628 (R 2=0.944, 0.836, 0.779, 0.899 and 0.814, respectively, for Lys, Met, Thr, Trp and @entity2596 ). The total EAA content was the best predictor of digestible content (g/kg diet) for each EAA (R 2=0.990, 0.985, 0.977, 0.985 and 0.978, respectively, for Lys, Met, Thr, Trp and @entity2596 ). This study shows that routine chemical analyses may be used to predict EAA digestibility with satisfactory accuracy.

title: Meta-analysis of the XXXX digestibility of oilseed meal in growing @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['SID', 'standardized ileal digestibility']

answer: @entity3689 :: (D000596,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: This single-institution retrospective review examines the management of uninfected para-anastomotic @entity439 of the abdominal aorta (PAAA), developed after infrarenal grafting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From October 1979 to November 2005, 31 PAAA were observed in our Department. Twenty-six uninfected PAAA of degenerative etiology, including 24 false and 2 true @entity439 , were candidates for intervention and retrospectively included in our database for management and outcome evaluation. Six (23%) @entity1 were treated as emergencies. Surgery included tube graft interposition (n = 12), new reconstruction (n = 8), and graft removal with extra-anatomic bypass (n = 3). Endovascular management (n = 3) consisted of free-flow tube endografts. RESULTS: The mortality rate among the elective and emergency cases was 5% and 66.6%, respectively (p = 0.005). The morbidity rate in elective cases was 57.8%, whereas 75% in emergency cases (p = 0.99). The survival rate during the follow-up was significantly higher for elective cases than for emergency cases. CONCLUSION: Uninfected PAAA is a late complication of aortic grafting, tends to evolve silently and is difficult to diagnose. The prevalence is underestimated and increases with time since surgery. The mortality rate is higher among @entity1 treated as an emergency than among @entity1 who undergo elective surgery, therefore, elective treatment and aggressive management in the case of @entity2849 are the keys to obtain a good outcome. Endovascular treatment could reduce mortality. @entity1 who undergo infrarenal aortic grafting require life-long surveillance after surgery.

title: Uninfected para-anastomotic XXXX after infrarenal aortic grafting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: We have treated surgically 11 @entity1 with @entity259 that had infiltrated into the @entity825 . Three @entity1 had primary @entity5 , and eight had recurrent @entity5 after previous operations. Sleeve resection of @entity825 was performed where @entity259 had proliferated; the @entity825 was reconstructed by end-to-end @entity254 . In two @entity1 10 rings of the @entity825 were resected. In three @entity1 the anterior half of the cricoid cartilage was resected along with the cervical @entity825 . In one @entity1 tracheoplasty was performed using partial extracorporeal circulation because severe @entity6184 prevented endotracheal intubation. Two of the 11 @entity1 died from the surgery and one from disseminated @entity3 . One @entity1 who had undergone tracheal resection for @entity259 three years and five months previously had a recurrence of the @entity5 in the @entity825 adjacent to the @entity254 , and a second tracheal resection was performed. In three @entity1 @entity86 occurred. Five @entity1 are alive and well two years and one month to four years and seven months after their operations. The histological pattern of the @entity5 was @entity4937 in all 11 @entity1 .

title: Resection of @entity259 infiltrating the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity4937 :: ('MESH:D000231', 'Disease') :: ['papillary adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative laryngeal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity825 :: (MESH:D055090,Disease) :: ['trachea']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion ( @entity16175 ) transporters exist in all three domains of life. They confer multidrug resistance by utilizing H+ or @entity4024 electrochemical gradients to extrude various drugs across the cell membranes. The substrate binding and the transport mechanism of @entity16175 transporters is a fundamental process but so far not fully understood. Here we report a detailed substrate binding study of NorM_PS: a representative MA TE transporter from @entity4190 . Our results indicate that NorM_PS is a proton-dependent multidrug efflux transporter. Detailed binding studies between NorM_PS and @entity14939 ( @entity14939 ) were performed by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and spectrofluorometry. Two exothermic binding events were observed from ITC data, and the high-affinity one was directly correlated with the extrusion of @entity14939 . The affinities are about 1  M and 0.1 mM for the high- and low-affinity binding, respectively. Based on our homology model of NorM_PS, variants with mutations of @entity3534 that are potentially involved in substrate binding, were constructed. By carrying out the functional characterization of these variants, the critical @entity3689 residues (E257 and D373) for high-affinity @entity14939 binding were determined. Taken together, our results suggest a new substrate binding site for @entity16175 transporters.

title: Identification of the High-affinity Substrate-binding Site of the Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion ( XXXX ) Family Transporter from @entity4190 .

entities_list: @entity4190 :: ('316', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas stutzeri']

entities_list: @entity14939 :: ('MESH:C007293', 'Chemical') :: ["4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole", 'DAPI']

answer: @entity16175 :: (185542,Species) :: ['MATE']


abstract: The need for @entity566 prevention strategies has never been greater. Surging rates of @entity5419 and @entity484 are now adding to the already substantial burden of @entity565 and @entity1576 . The parallel rise in many other @entity1200 suggests that the developing immune system is highly vulnerable to modern environmental changes. These strong environmental pressures may be one reason why simple allergen avoidance strategies have not been successful. Another more recent strategy to curtail the @entity566 has been to identify factors associated with modern lifestyle that may be causally linked with @entity56 , in an attempt to restore more favourable conditions for immune tolerance during early development. More hygienic conditions and disruption of microbial exposure have prompted strategies to restore this balance using probiotic and prebiotic supplements. Modern dietary changes linked with @entity56 have prompted supplementation studies to assess the preventive merits of specific immunomodulatory dietary nutrients such as @entity1474 . Other nutrients such as antioxidants, @entity1501 , and @entity560 are also currently under investigation. Modern environmental pollutants have also been associated with adverse effects on immune development and the risk of disease. While many of these avenues have provided some promise, they have not yet translated into specific recommendations. Current evidence-based guidelines for @entity566 prevention remain limited to avoidance of cigarette smoke, promotion of breastfeeding and the use of hydrolysed formula when breastfeeding is not possible. Allergen avoidance strategies have been largely removed from most guidelines. It is hoped that a number of ongoing studies will help provide clearer recommendations around the use of probiotics, prebiotics, specific dietary nutrients and the role of early introduction of allergenic foods for the promotion of tolerance. Despite the current uncertainties, prevention remains the best long-term strategy to reduce the growing burden of @entity56 .

title: Strategies to prevent or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'allergy epidemic']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune diseases']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'allergic disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['reduce allergic disease']


abstract: A 53-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with @entity662 . Computed tomography scans showed a homogenous mass on the left chest-wall with @entity1143 . Laboratory data showed @entity417 , @entity2741 , and high levels of serum IgG. An IgG-lambda monoclonal protein was detected with serum immunoelectrophoresis. In addition, the serum level of neuron specific enolase ( @entity3508 ) was elevated. A chest-wall @entity5 biopsy and a bone marrow aspiration revealed diffuse proliferation of atypical plasma cells, which were positive for cytoplasmic @entity3053 and IgG-lambda. The @entity1 was diagnosed as having IgG-lambda type multiple @entity1582 with a @entity764 . Immunostaining revealed diffuse @entity3508 staining in the cytoplasm of the atypical plasma cells. These findings suggested that the @entity1582 cells produced @entity3508 . The left chest-wall @entity5 and bone marrow @entity1582 cells disappeared following several courses of chemotherapy and radiotherapy and the serum levels of IgG and @entity3508 also normalized. No recurrence of the multiple @entity1582 was seen after an autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. This is the second report of an @entity3508 -producing multiple @entity1582 . Interestingly, our case has similar clinical phenotypes with the previously reported case, such as @entity764 , @entity1143 and @entity2741 .

title: [A neuron specific enolase-producing multiple XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['left chest-wall pain']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest-wall plasmacytoma']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evaluation of response to treatment is a key aspect in @entity5 therapy. Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (RECIST) are used in most oncology trials, but those criteria evaluate only unidimensional @entity5 measurements and disregard the extent of @entity39 , which is the target of all effective locoregional therapies. Therefore, the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) guidelines recommended that assessment of @entity5 response should incorporate the reduction in viable @entity5 burden. The current report provides an assessment of the agreement/concordance between both RECIST and the EASL guidelines for the evaluation of response to therapy. METHODS: The authors evaluated a cohort of 55 @entity1 within prospective studies, including 24 @entity1 with @entity157 who underwent transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with drug eluting beads (DEB-TACE) and 31 @entity1 who underwent percutaneous ablation (percutaneous @entity1068 injection [ @entity8681 ]/radiofrequency [RF]). Triphasic helical computed tomography scans were performed at baseline, at 1 month, and at 3 months after procedure, and 2 independent radiologists evaluated @entity5 response. RESULTS: Evaluating response according to RECIST criteria, no @entity1 achieved a complete response (CR), 21.8% of @entity1 achieved a partial response (PR) (none in the @entity8681 /RF group), 47.3% of @entity1 had @entity66 ( @entity66 ), and 30.9% of @entity1 had @entity74 ( @entity74 ). When response was evaluated according to the EASL guidelines, 54.5% of @entity1 achieved a CR, 27.3% of @entity1 achieved a PR, 3.6% of @entity1 had @entity66 , and 14.5% had @entity74 . The kappa coefficient was 0.193 (95% confidence interval, 0.0893-0.2967; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: RECIST missed all CRs and underestimated the extent of partial @entity5 response because of tissue @entity39 , wrongly assessing the therapeutic efficacy of locoregional therapies. This evaluation should incorporate the reduction in viable @entity5 burden as recognized by nonenhanced areas on dynamic imaging studies.

title: Evaluation of XXXX response after locoregional therapies in @entity157 : are response evaluation criteria in solid @entity5 reliable?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Solid Tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: High-dose bolus @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) is currently the sole agent approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of @entity1358 . This phase II study was designed to evaluate the clinical activity and @entity137 spectrum of a regime consisting of dose-intensive @entity1199 in both previously treated and untreated @entity1 with @entity1358 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty eligible, sequential @entity1 received @entity1199 at a dose of 24 mlU m(-2) dose(-1) (1.33 mg m(-2) dose(-1)) every 8 h on days 1-5 and 15 19, for a maximum of 28 boluses. @entity1 achieving stable disease or a response were treated every 10 weeks for a maximum of five cycles/year. RESULTS: Out of 20 study @entity1 8 @entity1 (40%; 95% confidence interval, 18.5%-61.4%) demonstrated a response. Three of these responses were complete (CR; 15%) while 5 were partial (PR; 25%) and about 75% of the responses occurred in @entity1 with extensive @entity5 burdens. All 3 CR continue to respond after 28+ to 30+ months. With a median follow-up time of 26 months, the median overall survival duration for all @entity1 is 18.0 months (95% confidence interval 12-24 months). Response was observed to correlate significantly with the @entity1199 dose intensity. A dose intensity below 1440 mlU m(-2) year(-1) and at least 1440 mlU m(-2) year(-1) correlated highly with failure to achieve CR and the successful achieving of CR respectively (P < 0.01). An analysis of the present study database in the context of five previous similar trials demonstrated a significant correlation between @entity1199 dose intensity and response rate by regression analysis (r=0.89; P < 0.019). Finally, all @entity137 were reversible once the dosing had concluded. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1199 dose intensity appears to represent a significant determinant of successful clinical outcomes. This dose-intensive approach led to a high proportion of durable responses. Further evaluation of this regimen is warranted.

title: A phase II trial of dose-intensive XXXX in metastatic @entity1358 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['advanced renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: Feline @entity2057 ( @entity2057 ) is a fully penetrant, autosomal recessive @entity4681 in @entity468 that clinically resembles @entity1 @entity4574 . A whole genome linkage scan identified a    140-kb deletion that abrogates expression of @entity30377 , a novel @entity2057 candidate gene of unknown function. To characterize the progression of feline @entity2057 , we assessed pathological changes in muscle and spinal cord from 3 days of age to beyond onset of clinical signs. Electromyographic (EMG) analysis indicating denervation occurred between 10 and 12 weeks, with the first neurological signs occurring at the same time. Compound motor action potential (CMAP) amplitudes were significantly reduced in the soleus and extensor carpi radialis muscles at 8-11 weeks. @entity121 muscle fibers from affected @entity468 appeared smaller at 10 weeks; by 12 weeks @entity3202 were more prevalent than in age-matched controls. In affected @entity468 , significant loss of L5 ventral root axons was observed at 12 weeks. By 21 weeks of age, affected @entity468 had 40% fewer L5 motor axons than normal. There was no significant difference in total L5 soma number, even at 21 weeks; thus degeneration begins distal to the cell body and proceeds retrogradely. Morphometric analysis of L5 ventral roots and horns revealed that 4 weeks prior to axon loss, motor axons in affected @entity468 failed to undergo radial enlargement, suggesting a role for the putative disease gene @entity30377 in radial growth of axons.

title: Failure of lower motor neuron radial outgrowth precedes retrograde degeneration in a feline model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4574 :: ('MESH:D014897', 'Disease') :: ['SMA Type III']

entities_list: @entity468 :: ('9685', 'Species') :: ['domestic cats', 'cats']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['lower motor neuron disease']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic fibers']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['spinal muscular atrophy', 'SMA']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Quadriceps femoris']

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['spinal muscular atrophy']