abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Observational population-based cohort study. OBJECTIVES: The main aim of this study was to examine the relative effect of @entity9718 ( @entity9718 ) on the @entity283 ( @entity283 ). METHODS: @entity283 was evaluated using a RAND 36-Item Health Survey 1.0 questionnaire. Fifty-eight @entity1 received a questionnaire through mail and signed an informed consent. The results for the control group were obtained from the RAND-36 data collected in 2004 in the European Social Survey. R2.9.0 and Statistica 6.1 were used to analyze the RAND-36 data. SETTING: The study was performed in Estonia, a country with a population of 1.3 million. RESULTS: Completed questionnaires were received from 49 @entity1 (response rate was 84.5%). The control group consisted of 549 individuals from the Estonian population. @entity1 with @entity9718 had lower mean scores in all categories as compared with the control group. Six of the eight categories showed significant differences, with P<0.0001. For the vitality category, the P-value ranged from 0.000006 from 0.002, and the P-value for the mental health category ranged from 0.001 to 0.055. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity283 in @entity1 with @entity9718 was found to be significantly worse than that for the general population. The level of education might affect the @entity283 experienced by @entity9718 @entity1 .

title: Health-related quality of life in XXXX with @entity9718 in Estonia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9718 :: ('MESH:D015419', 'Disease') :: ['HSP', 'hereditary spastic paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HRQoL', 'health-related quality of life']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Macrophages can promote the growth of some @entity5 , such as those of the breast and lung, but it is unknown whether this is true for all @entity5 , including those of the nervous system. On the contrary, we have previously shown that macrophages can slow the progression of @entity11 through a @entity5 @entity39 factor-dependent mechanism. Here, we provide evidence suggesting that this antitumor effect could be mediated by T lymphocytes, as their number was drastically reduced in @entity39 @entity19 and inversely correlated with @entity11 volume. However, this correlation was only observed in allogeneic recipients, prompting a reevaluation of the role of macrophages in a nonimmunogenic context. Using syngeneic @entity19 expressing the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase under the control of the @entity3804 promoter, we show that macrophages can exert an antitumor effect without the help of T lymphocytes. Macrophage depletion achieved by @entity4540 treatment resulted in a 33% increase in @entity11 volume. The antitumor effect of macrophages was not likely due to a tumoricidal activity because phagocytosis or apoptosis of @entity11 cells, transduced ex vivo with a lentiviral vector expressing green fluorescent protein, was rarely observed. Their antitumor effect was also not due to a destructive action on the @entity5 vasculature because macrophage depletion resulted in a modest reduction in vascular density. Therefore, this study suggests that macrophages can @entity536 growth by an unconventional mechanism. This study also validates a new transgenic model to explore the role of macrophages in @entity5 .

title: Increased @entity11 growth in XXXX depleted of macrophages.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'tumor necrosis factor-deficient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['attenuate glioma']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Sudden unilateral @entity227 in @entity1 is usually caused by a complication of acute purulent @entity1244 . Differential diagnosis must include @entity5 of the orbit or the paranasal sinuses involving the optic nerve. Rapid and adequate diagnostic measures are required in this emergency situation. In comparison, acute or progressive @entity1939 is a @entity395 . We report two cases of bilateral @entity227 caused by @entity5 and diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are described. Our reports show that these life-threatening disorders and their severe complications can be managed successfully if well-coordinated interdisciplinary cooperation is conducted from the beginning. If surgery is performed in this vulnerable region, it may be facilitated by computer-aided modelling techniques. During the last decade the prognosis for @entity980 and @entity706 , the most frequent @entity361 of childhood, has improved dramatically. Thus, any loss of time causing a delay in correct diagnosis and the onset of adequate therapy must be avoided. Intensive cooperation with paediatric oncologists has to be enlisted from the beginning to avoid unnecessary, repetitive, invasive, or imaging diagnostics and to accelerate the onset of specific therapy.

title: Acute @entity1939 in childhood caused by @entity980 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral blindness']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['very rare disorder']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['malignant lymphoma']


abstract: @entity362 is the rarest primary @entity3478 , is usually asymptomatic, and is often discovered incidentally during unrelated investigations. @entity362 usually undergo varying degrees of involution, with @entity39 , cyst formation, and @entity730 . Careful radiological-pathological correlation is required to avoid misinterpretation. This study describes 12 @entity362 in 11 @entity1 (6 @entity1 , 5 @entity1 ; mean age, 36 years [range, 25-50 years]; mean follow-up, 5 years [range, 2-11 years]). The lesions were located in the calcaneus in 7 @entity1 (bilaterally in 1 @entity1 ), the tibia in 2, the femur in 1, and the ilium in 1. All lesions were asymptomatic and discovered incidentally except in 4 @entity1 (5 lesions). Curettage and bone grafting were performed after biopsy in 4 lesions; and in 1 @entity1 , curettage, bone grafting, and reconstructive surgery were performed after pathologic @entity174 . The remaining 7 @entity1 were followed up conservatively. Although definite diagnosis of an @entity75 is possible only by histopathologic examination, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings of @entity362 are typical, and most @entity1 ' symptoms are relieved by conservative means. For this reason, we believe that in @entity1 with no signs of an impending pathologic @entity174 or suspicion of @entity5 , clinical and radiological follow-up is sufficient. However, since @entity362 is an uncommon @entity3478 , physicians should be familiar with the radiological features of this lesion for the correct diagnosis.

title: Surgery is not always necessary in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['Intraosseous lipoma', 'intraosseous lipomas', 'Lipomas', 'intraosseous lipoma']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraosseous lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

answer: @entity362 :: (MESH:D008067,Disease) :: ['intraosseous lipoma']


abstract: @entity1002 formation and resolution were studied by serial echocardiography in 38 @entity1 with @entity583 . Twenty (52.6%) @entity1 developed @entity715 . Cumulative rates were: 12/20 (60%) at 24 h (+/-24 h), 17/20 (85%) at 72 h (+/-24 h), and 19/20 (95%) at 120 h (+/-24 h). Early @entity715 formation was associated with worse left ventricular wall motion relative to those with delayed @entity715 development (P=0.00016). In @entity1 with initially normal echocardiograms, subsequent @entity715 formation was associated with wall motion deterioration (P=0.016). A @entity715 occurred in 16/28 (57.1%) @entity1 given streptokinase. Heparin and @entity1229 were given in case of @entity715 formation. Among survivors with @entity715 , resolution occurred with a cumulative rate of 1/18 (5.6%) at 72 h (+/-24 h), 2/18 (11.1%) at 120 h (+/-24 h), 10/18 (55.6%) at 3 months (+/-1 week) and 16/18 (88.9%) at 6 months (+/-1 week). No @entity887 occurred. @entity1002 formation occurs often and early after @entity583 , even when streptokinase is given. Delayed @entity715 formation is associated with wall motion deterioration. @entity715 resolution occurs frequently during anticoagulation and seems not associated with increased embolic risk.

title: @entity1002 formation and resolution in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute anterior myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'Thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular thrombus']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The H295R adrenocortical cell line is widely used for molecular analysis of adrenal functions but is known to have only modest ACTH responsiveness. The lack of ACTH response was linked to low expression of its receptor, @entity4787 ( @entity4787 ). We hypothesized that increasing @entity4788 ( @entity4788 ), which is required to traffic @entity4787 from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface, would increase ACTH responsiveness. Lentiviral particles containing @entity1 @entity4788 -open reading frame were generated and transduced in H295R cells. Using antibiotic resistance, eighteen clones were isolated for characterization. The most ACTH-responsive steroidogenic clone, H295RA, was used for further experiments. Successful induction of @entity4788 and increased expression of @entity4787 in H295RA cells was confirmed by quantitative real time RT-PCR and western blotting. Treatment with ACTH significantly increased @entity1369 , @entity701 , and @entity2494 production in H295RA cells. ACTH also significantly increased transcript levels for all the steroidogenic enzymes required to produce @entity1369 , @entity701 , and @entity2494 , as well as @entity4787 mRNA. Further analysis using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry revealed that the main unconjugated steroids produced in H295RA cells were @entity4419 , @entity701 , and @entity2671 . Treatment of H295RA cells with ACTH also acutely increased @entity268 production and cellular protein levels for total and phosphorylated steroidogenic acute regulatory protein. In summary, through genetic manipulation, we have developed an ACTH-responsive @entity1 adrenocortical cell line. The cell line will provide a powerful in vitro tool for molecular analysis of physiologic and pathologic conditions involving the @entity2339 .

title: H295R expression of XXXX ( @entity4788 ) results in ACTH responsiveness.

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity4787 :: ('4158', 'Gene') :: ['MC2R', 'melanocortin 2 receptor']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity4419 :: ('MESH:D003350', 'Chemical') :: ['11-deoxycortisol']

entities_list: @entity4788 :: ('56246', 'Gene') :: ['MRAP', 'MC2R accessory protein']

answer: @entity4788 :: (56246,Gene) :: ['melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein']


abstract: @entity4215 results from toxic effects of a variety of modulators that magnify the initial traumatic damage. These modulators include the excitatory transmitter @entity2227 , the intracellular messenger @entity460 , and the intercellular messenger @entity842 . @entity2227 -induced @entity137 , called excitotoxicity, occurs from excess @entity2227 release following @entity130 . Passage of @entity460 into the cell through a specific postsynaptic @entity2227 receptor ion channel, the @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor, is crucial in activating cellular pathways leading to @entity16 . The @entity143 receptor requires both @entity2227 and @entity2228 for activation and is blocked by many drugs that act at either of these sites. It is also blocked by agents that selectively block the ion channel of this receptor. Blocking @entity143 receptors at any of these sites decreases the cellular damage mediated by @entity2227 in @entity528 and improves physiological measures associated with traumatic damage. Other strategies to limit secondary damage include blockade of other @entity460 channels, of @entity460 -activated enzymes, and of processes that mediate the effects of @entity460 . @entity460 -activated enzymes include @entity842 synthase and phospholipases, which cause production of free radicals. In combination with @entity143 receptor blockade, these sites represent promising areas for therapeutic intervention in secondary traumatic damage.

title: Secondary mechanisms in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4215 :: ('MESH:D020196', 'Disease') :: ['Secondary damage in central nervous system trauma']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['excitotoxic damage']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal trauma']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['neuronal trauma']


abstract: Despite major changes in the patterns of cigarette consumption in the United States in the last two decades, cigarette smoking remains a widespread practice. Many studies show a strong association between cigarette smoking and @entity1030 , but only recently have mechanisms been elucidated to explain this association, particularly in the case of @entity2415 . The exact mechanism of chronic @entity3617 is less well defined. The mortality rate for @entity2 continues to increase in this country, particularly among @entity1 . Compelling evidence associates @entity2 with cigarette smoking, although animal models have not been very successful. Recently, concern has been raised about the effects of passive smoking. There are substantial data available to suggest that passive smoking results in @entity358 and abnormal pulmonary function in @entity1 of smokers. The data are less clear-cut for pulmonary functional impairment in adults and for @entity2 in the spouses of smokers. Although the concept of "safer" cigarettes has been widely accepted by the American public, these cigarettes may not be as safe as is widely assumed. Clearly, they are far inferior to total smoking cessation. Nevertheless, smoking cessation remains difficult for many Americans, despite a number of methods that have been used to help smokers quit. @entity1239 chewing gum, which has recently become available for use in the United States, has shown some efficacy in helping well-motivated, @entity1239 -dependent smokers quit smoking. Although some inroads have been made into the occurrence of smoking related diseases in the United States, many unnecessary deaths continue to occur.

title: Cigarette smoking and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infections']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive lung disease']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['lung disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity955 is associated with development of @entity1031 events. New oral anticoagulants ( @entity5424 , @entity3925 and @entity3926 ) are recommended for antithrombotic therapy in @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ) with moderate and high risk of @entity64 . OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness ratio of @entity5424 compared to @entity3926 and @entity3925 in @entity1 with @entity955 from the Russian Federation national health care system perspective. METHODS: This analysis used a Markov model that allowed estimation of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for @entity5424 compared to @entity3925 and @entity3926 110 mg and 150 mg over lifetime horizon for @entity1 with @entity955 . The model enclosed cardiovascular event rates based on the results of the indirect treatment comparison that combined data from the randomized clinical trials comparing clinical effectiveness and safety of @entity5424 , @entity3925 and @entity3926 with @entity1229 (ARISTOTLE, ROCKET-AF, RE-LY). The following cardiovascular events were considered: ischemic and @entity64 , systemic @entity887 , @entity932 , other @entity548 , clinically relevant non- @entity548 and @entity583 . Direct medical costs were determined based on the rates of the compulsory national medical insurance system. The price of the new oral anticoagulants was taken as a weighted average tender price for the year 2013. In the model both costs and benefits (quality-adjusted life years and life-years) were discounted at 3.5%. Cost-effectiveness threshold was set at 1.4 million rubles per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained and corresponded to the three times @entity3006 per capita in 2013 in the Russian Federation. RESULTS: In the base case analysis it was demonstrated that @entity5424 compared to @entity3926 110 mg and 150 mg and @entity3925 provided additional 0.101, 0.060 and 0.072 life years as well as additional 0.063; 0.038 and 0.041 QALYs respectively. Over lifetime horizon @entity5424 compared to @entity3926 110 mg and 150 mg and @entity3925 required additional treatment costs equal to 22.78; 31.18 and 6.70 thousands rubles, respectively. With that estimated incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for @entity5424 compared to @entity3926 110 mg and 150 mg and @entity3925 was 362.60, 805.54 and 162.45 thousands rubles per QALY correspondingly. CONCLUSION: @entity5424 provided increased life expectancy compared to other new anticoagulants and may be considered as a cost-effective alternative to @entity3926 110 mg and 150 mg and @entity3925 from the Russian Federation national health care system perspective.

title: [Cost-effectiveness of @entity5424 compared to other new oral anticoagulants in XXXX with @entity955 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['major bleeds']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity5424 :: ('MESH:C522181', 'Chemical') :: ['Apixaban', 'apixaban']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'non-valvular atrial fibrillation', 'NVAF']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Within the last two decades, hemostasis factors have emerged as 'new' risk factors for @entity453 . Historical studies on the physiology of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) attributed accelerated blood clotting to the components of the fight-flight response. Although this has not been demonstrated, exaggerated clotting related to SNS @entity2915 might confer an increased arterial thrombotic risk. This review outlines the effects of sympathetic activation as mimicked by adrenergic infusions and as elicited by mental stress and physical exercise, and the molecular mechanisms involved. A selective review of the pertinent literature was undertaken. Sympathetic activation provokes a simultaneous increase in molecules of both the coagulation and fibrinolysis pathways within minutes, resulting in net @entity49 as a part of normal @entity1 physiology. @entity2661 and adrenergic receptors interact to mediate hemostatic changes. Exaggerated procoagulant changes in individuals with a preexistent @entity731 , in those experiencing ongoing stressful life circumstances and in the physically untrained might confer a thrombotic threat with sympathetic activation. Initial evidence suggests that nonselective b-adrenergic blockade may attenuate clotting acceleration upon SNS activation. Prospective studies are needed to demonstrate whether exaggerated clotting as elicited by the SNS is associated with an increased risk of @entity65 and mortality. If confirmed, intervention studies targeted at reducing this risk, for example with drugs, psychotherapy (including stress management) and regular physical exercise, would be warranted.

title: Regulation of Hemostasis by the Sympathetic Nervous System: Any Contribution to XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['Catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['Coronary Artery Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity454 @entity1 continue to have markedly increased @entity65 morbidity and mortality. Analysis of genetic factors connected with the renin-angiotensin system that influences the survival of the @entity1 with @entity454 supports the ongoing search for improved outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To assess survival and its association with the polymorphism of renin-angiotensin system genes: @entity2178 -converting enzyme insertion/deletion and @entity2178 @entity7742 in @entity1 undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS: Our study was designed to examine the role of renin-angiotensin system genes. It was an observational study. We analyzed 473 chronic hemodialysis @entity1 in four dialysis units in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and the differences between the curves were evaluated by Tarone-Ware, Peto-Prentice, and log rank tests. We also used logistic regression analysis and the multinomial model. A p value  <= 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. The local medical ethics committee gave their approval to this study. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity1 was 45.8 years old. The overall survival rate was 48% at 11 years. The major causes of @entity204 were @entity65 (34%) and @entity281 (15%). Logistic regression analysis found statistical significance for the following variables: age (p = 0.000038), TT @entity2178 (p = 0.08261), and family income greater than five times the minimum wage (p = 0.03089), the latter being a protective factor. CONCLUSIONS: The survival of hemodialysis @entity1 is likely to be influenced by the TT of the @entity2178 @entity7742 gene.

title: Survival and Predictive Factors of Lethality in Hemodyalisis: D/I Polymorphism of The @entity2178 -Converting Enzyme and of the @entity2178 XXXX Genes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin I', 'angiotensinogen']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['End-stage kidney disease', 'end-stage kidney disease']

answer: @entity7742 :: (p|SUB|M|235|T,ProteinMutation) :: ['M235T']


abstract: AIM: Diphtheria is an acute @entity2348 caused by toxigenic strains of @entity18310 (C. diphtheriae). We describe two epidemiologically-linked cases of @entity272 from which toxigenic @entity18310 was isolated, and discuss implications for @entity7394 surveillance and management in New Zealand. METHOD: A public health investigation was undertaken to identify and manage close contacts of the index case. National and international guidelines on the surveillance and management of cutaneous @entity7394 were reviewed, and data on toxigenic @entity18310 isolates identified in New Zealand from 1987-2009 were examined. RESULTS: The index case was an adult male who developed a @entity281 after being tattooed in Samoa. A wound swab taken from the infected tattoo grew a toxigenic strain of @entity18310 gravis). A secondary case of toxigenic cutaneous @entity7394 was identified in a household contact. Instances of respiratory @entity7394 associated with toxigenic cutaneous lesions have been reported in the literature. The review of surveillance data revealed inconsistencies in the notification of toxigenic strains of @entity18310 isolated from cutaneous sites. CONCLUSION: These cases are an important reminder that @entity7394 remains a threat in New Zealand. All cases with toxigenic @entity18310 isolated from a clinical specimen, regardless of the site of @entity281 , should be notified to a Medical Officer of Health.

title: Cases of cutaneous XXXX in New Zealand: implications for surveillance and management.

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial illness']

entities_list: @entity7394 :: ('MESH:D004165', 'Disease') :: ['diphtheria']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'cutaneous infection']

entities_list: @entity18310 :: ('1717', 'Species') :: ['Corynebacterium diphtheriae', 'C. diphtheriae', 'C. diphtheriae (var']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin infections']

answer: @entity7394 :: (MESH:D004165,Disease) :: ['diphtheria']


abstract: PURPOSE: Knowledge of sexual problems after pre- or postoperative radiotherapy (RT) with 50 Gy for @entity5 is limited. In this study, we aimed to compare self-rated sexual functioning in irradiated (RT+) and nonirradiated (RT-) male @entity1 at least 2 years after surgery for @entity5 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5 from 1993 to 2003 were identified from the Norwegian Rectal Cancer Registry. Male @entity1 without recurrence at the time of the study. The International Index of Erectile Function, a self-rated instrument, was used to assess sexual functioning, and serum levels of serum @entity251 were measured. RESULTS: Questionnaires were returned from 241 @entity1 a median of 4.5 years after surgery. The median age was 67 years at survey. RT+ @entity1 (n = 108) had significantly poorer scores for erectile function, orgasmic function, intercourse satisfaction, and overall satisfaction with sex life compared with RT- @entity1 (n = 133). In multiple age-adjusted analysis, the odds ratio for moderate-severe @entity323 in RT+ @entity1 was 7.3 compared with RT- @entity1 (p <0.001). Furthermore, @entity323 of this degree was associated with low serum @entity251 (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: RT for @entity5 is associated with significant long-term effects on sexual function in males.

title: Sexual function in males after radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Heparin is often administered during and after coronary angioplasty to prevent closure of the dilated vessel. However, @entity548 occur in 5 to 10 percent of treated @entity1 . We studied whether these complications could be prevented when the direct @entity556 inhibitor bivalirudin (Hirulog) was used in place of heparin. METHODS: We performed a double-blind, randomized trial in 4098 @entity1 undergoing angioplasty for unstable or @entity951 . @entity1 were assigned to receive either heparin or bivalirudin immediately before angioplasty. The primary end point were @entity204 in the hospital, @entity583 , abrupt vessel closure, or rapid clinical deterioration of cardiac origin. RESULTS: In the total study group, bivalirudin did not significantly reduce the incidence of the primary end point (11.4 percent, vs. 12.2 percent for heparin) but did result in a lower incidence of @entity548 (3.8 percent vs. 9.8 percent, P < 0.001). In the prospectively stratified subgroup of 704 @entity1 with @entity951 , bivalirudin therapy resulted in a lower incidence of the primary end point (9.1 percent vs. 14.2 percent, P = 0.04) and a lower incidence of @entity548 (3.0 percent vs. 11.1 percent, P < 0.001), but in a similar cumulative rate of @entity204 , @entity583 , and repeated revascularization in the six months after angioplasty (20.5 percent vs. 25.1 percent, P = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS: @entity20550 was at least as effective as high-dose heparin in preventing @entity63 in @entity1 who underwent angioplasty for @entity1459 , and it carried a lower risk of @entity548 . Bivalirudin, as compared with heparin, reduced the risk of immediate @entity63 in @entity1 with @entity951 , but this difference was no longer apparent after six months.

title: Treatment with @entity20550 (Hirulog) as compared with heparin during coronary angioplasty for unstable or XXXX . Hirulog Angioplasty Study Investigators.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'ischemic or hemorrhagic complications']

entities_list: @entity20550 :: ('MESH:C074619', 'Chemical') :: ['Bivalirudin']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic complications']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['postinfarction angina']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['postinfarction angina']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It has been proposed that individual genetic predisposition may contribute to a persistent @entity1546 . Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are associated with levels of @entity32 and are involved in caries, pulpal, and periapical tissue destruction. MMPs also play a major role in bone resorption. In this study, we hypothesized that polymorphisms in MMP genes and their regulators may contribute to an individual's increased susceptibility to apical tissue destruction in response to @entity1547 . METHODS: Sixteen hundred radiographic records obtained through the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Dental Registry and DNA Repository were screened for subjects with @entity1547 in dentin with or without @entity1548 (>=  3 mm). DNA samples of 268 @entity1 were sorted into 2 groups: 158 @entity1547 with @entity1547 but no @entity1548 (controls) and 110 @entity1547 with @entity1548 and @entity1547 ( @entity1547 ). Sixteen SNP markers in @entity1476 , @entity1549 , @entity1495 , @entity1550 , @entity1551 , and @entity1552 , were selected for genotyping. Genotypes were generated by endpoint analysis in a real-time polymerase chain reaction instrument. Analyses were performed comparing @entity1547 and controls. Allele and genotypic frequencies and haplotype analysis were calculated using the PLINK program. RESULTS: An association was found for @entity1549 @entity1553 (P = .03) and @entity1554 (P = .004) genotypes in individuals with @entity1548 . We also observed altered transmission of @entity1476 marker haplotypes (P = .000004) in these individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Variations in @entity1476 and @entity1549 are associated with @entity1548 formation in individuals with untreated @entity1547 . Future studies could help predict host susceptibility to developing @entity1548 .

title: Genetic susceptibility to @entity1548 : conditional contribution of XXXX and @entity1549 genes to the development of @entity1548 and healing response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1546 :: ('MESH:D010485', 'Disease') :: ['apical periodontitis condition']

entities_list: @entity1548 :: ('MESH:D010483', 'Disease') :: ['periapical lesions', 'periapical lesion']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['cases', 'deep carious lesions']

answer: @entity1476 :: (4313,Gene) :: ['MMP2']


abstract: @entity731 of the lower extremity frequently leads to limb-threatening @entity63 soft-tissue wounds. Over the past 44 months, 30 selected @entity1 with @entity455 documented by angiography were treated with combined vascular reconstruction and free-tissue transfer for limb salvage. Soft-tissue defects occurred on the plantar and dorsal surfaces of the foot and distal tibia with significant bone, tendon, or joint exposure. Thirteen @entity1 had @entity4034 . Eighteen @entity1 underwent simultaneous soft-tissue and vascular reconstruction, while 12 @entity1 underwent delayed soft-tissue reconstruction. The free-flap tissues included the rectus abdominis flap in 13, the latissimus dorsi flap in 7, the radial forearm flap in 5, the scapular flap in 3, and the omentum flap in 2. Autogenous venous bypass was performed to the popliteal segment in 6 @entity1 and the infrapopliteal arteries in 18. Five @entity1 had inadequate outflow for complete vascular reconstruction and were treated with proximal vein grafts directed into the free flap. Twenty-two @entity1 (73 percent) had successful free-tissue transfer and bypass graft patency and were independent ambulators over the mean follow-up period of 22 months. Of the 8 unsuccessful reconstructions, 3 @entity1 had early free-flap and graft failure. Five @entity1 developed new areas of @entity63 despite graft and flap patency. All 8 @entity1 were treated with amputation; 7 never regained ambulation. The combined application of vascular and free-flap soft-tissue reconstruction for the threatened @entity63 lower extremity has produced excellent functional results in the majority of our @entity1 .

title: XXXX of the lower extremity and free-tissue reconstruction for limb salvage.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic', 'ischemic disease']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: This phase II trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of oral tegafur- @entity5537 (UFT) with @entity4181 (LV) combined with intravenous (i.v.) irinotecan every 3 weeks (TEGAFIRI) as first-line treatment for @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 (mCRC). @entity1 received oral UFT 250 mg m(-2) day(-1) and LV 90 mg day(-1) in three divided daily doses for 14 days followed by a 1-week rest and i.v. irinotecan 250 mg m(-2) as a 90-min infusion every 3 weeks. @entity5 responses, assessed every two cycles using RECIST criteria, were reviewed by an independent review committee. In 52 evaluable @entity1 , the best overall response rate was 33% (95% confidence intervals (CI) 20-47%; 1 complete and 16 partial responses). The median time to progression was 5.4 months (95% CI 3.02-7.52 months) and median overall survival was 14.9 months (11.73-17.97 months). A total of 307 cycles were administered, with a median number of five cycles per @entity1 (range: 1-10). The most common grade 3/4 @entity137 were @entity1398 (25% of @entity1 ), @entity294 (22%), @entity391 (11%) and @entity417 (11%). The TEGAFIRI regimen is a feasible, well-tolerated and convenient treatment option for @entity1 with non-resectable mCRC.

title: Phase II study of UFT with @entity4181 and irinotecan (TEGAFIRI): first-line therapy for metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity1 endothelial cells synthesize and secrete a variety of molecules involved in fibrinolysis and coagulation. The effects of a low molecular weight heparin, @entity3682 , and unfractionated heparin (UFH) were compared on @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ), @entity3479 ), tissue factor (TF), @entity11524 ( @entity11524 ) release, and @entity2289 gene expression by @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Cell cultures were supplemented with @entity3682 or UFH at 1 or 10 U/mL. Culture media samples were obtained before the addition of the drugs and 2, 6, and 24 hours afterward to measure the antigen levels of TF, @entity11524 , @entity3479 , and @entity2289 . RNA was obtained to study the endothelial expression of @entity2289 by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). @entity3682 at 1 U/mL resulted in a decreased messenger RNA (mRNA) @entity2289 expression, which remained unaltered when UFH had been added. @entity2289 levels increased after the cultures had been supplemented with either @entity3682 or UFH at both doses. UFH induced an increase in @entity3479 either at 1 or 10 U/mL. Both doses of UFH, but not @entity3682 , induced an important increase in TF secretion. An increase in the @entity11524 levels was seen with UFH at 1 U/mL. The decrease in @entity2289 gene expression observed with a therapeutic dose of @entity3682 might confer this drug interesting profibrinolytic properties. The fact that @entity3682 , in contrast with UFH, does not induce an increase in TF could give this drug another positive feature.

title: Effects of a low molecular weight heparin, XXXX , and unfractionated heparin on hemostatic properties of endothelium.

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity3682 :: ('MESH:C411345', 'Chemical') :: ['Bemiparin']

entities_list: @entity11524 :: ('7035', 'Gene') :: ['TFPI', 'tissue factor pathway inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['t-PA', 'tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA']

answer: @entity3682 :: (MESH:C411345,Chemical) :: ['bemiparin']


abstract: Sixteen @entity1 -epileptics, alcoholics, psychotics and post-contusion cases-were subjected to neurological, @entity146 , psychological, morphological (X-ray, CT, NMR), physiological (EEG, polysomnography, evoked potentials), immunological and SPECT examination. Most had CT and SPECT signs of focal @entity75 . The results were but exceptionally due to injury, most were of unknown etiology. This tallied with EEG focal abnormalities, mainly @entity25 , sometimes subjective ones, but invariably detectable objectively. In each case there was REM, in some also NONREM @entity25 . Half of the cases were tested immunologically, each time with positive results: increased levels of acute-phase protein and stress-reaction proteins. As copious literature and our experience show, the above pathological condition, rather than being accidental, constitute regardless of etiology, an integrated entity which could be called "programme cerebropathy". The primary role is played there by the @entity302 focus and its properties, in particular, the speed of discharge and localization and brain stem humoroergic systems, i.e., their performance and mutual balance. There is a program sequence of events, first, and @entity302 focus acting on the neighborhood, the rise of secondary and tertiary foci, and influence over the thalamocortical system. Soon afterwards, @entity302 activity begins to act on brain-stem structures. This results in changes in sleep, mood, psychic output, immunity, endosecretion, and in paroxysms.

title: Neurohumoral relations in neurological and XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders', 'sleep deficiency']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the outcome of radiation therapy for @entity1177 treated in our institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1984 to 2001, 48 @entity1 with @entity1177 were irradiated with or without chemotherapy and surgery. @entity1 ranged from 20-89 years of age (median, 68 years) and included 29 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 . The clinical T factors for these @entity1 , according to the UICC classification (1997), were T2(n = 2), T3(n = 13), and T4(n = 29). Lymph node involvement was observed in 13 @entity1 . The follow-upperiod ranged from 2.5 to 150 months (median, 25 months). The total radiotherapy dose ranged from 40 Gy to 72.8 Gy. Forty-three @entity1 underwent surgery. Intra-arterial chemotherapy was delivered in 39 @entity1 , and systemic chemotherapy was delivered in 7 @entity1 . Fourteen @entity1 were classified as "unresected" (radiation therapy with or without antrostomy), and 34 @entity1 as "resected" (partial, total, or extended total maxillectomy with pre- or postoperativeirradiation). RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival rate(OS), cause-specific survival rate(CSS), and local control rate(LC) of all @entity1 were 52%, 64%, and 75%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the "uaresected" and "resected" groups in OS, CSS, or LC. Local recurrence was observed in 12 @entity1 . In the "resected" group, for local control, it was important to reduce viable @entity5 before maxillectomy. Preoperative > or = 60 Gy irradiation was considered to be effective to reduce @entity5 viability. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference between the "unresected" and "resected" groups in OS, CSS, or LC. In the "resected" group, preoperative irradiation > or = 60 Gy was considered to be effective for local control. In radical treatment of @entity1177 , maxillectomy is not always necessary. Concurrent chemoradiation therapy with or without antrostomy is a reasonable treatment strategy.

title: [Outcomes of radiation therapy for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1177 :: ('MESH:D008444', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary sinus carcinoma']

answer: @entity1177 :: (MESH:D008444,Disease) :: ['maxillary sinus carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2530 ( @entity2530 ) of the talus from any etiology is a devastating pathology. There are few salvage options available and controversy exists as to the surgical management for @entity1 with @entity2530 . The authors present their results of tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with a retrograde nail. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive chart and radiographic review was pulled from our database for @entity1 with @entity2530 of the talus, who were treated by tibiotalocalcaneal fusion with retrograde intramedullary nail. Primary outcome was union, with time to clinical union as a secondary endpoint. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 were included. The average age at surgery was 47.4    12.8 years, there were nine female @entity1 , and the average Body Mass Index was 33.5    6.0. Surgical risk factors included two @entity1 who smoked, one was @entity6 , and one had a preoperative @entity1066 . The average time to partial weightbearing was 70.6    25.4 days, and the average time to full weightbearing was 100.6    35.5 days. Four @entity1 had @entity260 , while no @entity1 required major revision surgery. Twelve @entity1 went on to solid fusion, while two went on to a stable, braceable @entity1516 . Eight @entity1 were able to return to shoes, and eight were able to walk unaided at final followup. CONCLUSION: Salvage of @entity2530 is possible by tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with an intramedullary nail. Physicians may offer this as a salvage option to @entity1 with a high likelihood of successful fusion.

title: Retrograde intramedullary nail arthrodesis for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoarthrosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['AVN', 'talar AVN', 'Avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['avascular necrosis of the talus']


abstract: The responses of the series-coupled vascular sections in the feline small intestine were studied in experimental @entity295 induced following various routes of infusion of live @entity526 bacteria. The intestinal hemodynamics were followed by means of plethysmography combined with direct recording of the intestinal venous outflow. After 2 hours of bacterial infusion the experiments were terminated. Infusion of @entity526 in the inferior caval vein induced @entity551 , decreased intestinal blood flow (Q) and increased intestinal vascular resistance (R). Portal venous infusion induced, on the other hand, an initial arterial blood pressure increase, an increase of Q and a decrease of R. Aortal infusion evoked only minor initial changes. The early response was in all series followed by a progressive @entity551 during which Q decreased and R increased gradually. There were no changes in intestinal tissue volume, indicating that there was no pooling of blood or extravasation of fluid, during the experiments. @entity3137 were equally distributed in the three series. Thus, depending on the route of infusion live @entity526 induced intestinal vasoconstriction or vasodilatation. Regardless the route, there was no intestinal pooling of blood or fluid. @entity551 developed in most @entity468 after 120 min, regardless the site of infusion and the initial vascular response.

title: Intestinal hemodynamic effects of varying the route of infusion of live XXXX bacteria in the cat.

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension', 'initially hypotension', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal mucosal lesions']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['E. coli']


abstract: Endoscopically placed airway stents offer a viable option in primary or adjunctive treatment of severe pediatric tracheobronchial stenoses. Optimistic clinical reports substantiate the need for experimental studies to more effectively evaluate their clinical role. Development of an animal model comparable with the pediatric airway, amenable to endoscopic instrumentation, and capable of assessing effect on growth was the purpose of this pilot project. Nine 4-week-old piglets underwent endoscopic midtracheal placement of the balloon-expandable Palmaz metallic stent. Initial expansion and stent position were verified fluoroscopically and by direct videobronchoscopy. Serial endoscopic examination and stent reexpansion were performed 2 and 4 weeks after stent insertion. Animal weight, clinical tolerance, tracheal growth, and stent integrity were observed. @entity32 was evaluated grossly and by objective histopathologic criteria. Successful endotracheal stent placement and expansion were accomplished in all piglets. One @entity1707 died of @entity590 complications less than 24 hours after stent insertion. The remaining @entity1707 exhibited excellent clinical tolerance through experiment completion. No detrimental effect on growth was noted, and effective dilatation of the stented tracheal region was observed. Stent incorporation was evident with significant @entity33 . @entity32 in the form of nonobstructing granulation tissue was present, and no evidence of @entity39 or cartilage invasion was evident. The piglet @entity825 appears to be an excellent model for evaluation of expandable metallic airway stents in management of congenital and acquired tracheobronchial stenoses.

title: Effect of the Palmaz balloon-expandable metallic stent in the XXXX of @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'Tracheal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal ingrowth']

entities_list: @entity590 :: ('MESH:D008305', 'Disease') :: ['anesthesia']

answer: @entity825 :: (MESH:D055090,Disease) :: ['trachea']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Changes in cerebral function were evaluated in @entity1 with @entity195 treated or not with plasmapheresis with @entity1 Albumin Grifols 5%. Sequential brain single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) and magnetic resonance imaging techniques were used. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Brain SPECT (99mTc-ECD) studies were obtained at baseline (double headed gammacamera Siemens Ecam, LE-HR, 30 sec/image/3 degrees, 128 x 128). Studies were quantified by means of SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping) and Neurogam. Changes between baseline and after a follow-up period of up to 12 months were evaluated in @entity1 undergoing or not the plasma exchange treatment program. All the studies were double blinded and referenced to a normal age-matched database. Comparisons were performed individually and between groups: treated (plasma exchange) versus non treated group, and baseline versus post follow-up analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences in the areas of Brodmann were observed between the treated and the control groups and after the follow-up period. Regarding the hippocampal uptake, significant differences were observed between the treated and the control groups. Together with the clinical findings, these preliminary results provide biological evidence to the hypothesis that plasmapheresis with @entity1 Albumin Grifols 5% can play a role in the treatment of @entity195 .

title: [Neuroimaging in XXXX : findings in plasmapheresis with albumin].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease", 'Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity102 ( @entity102 ) is a heterogeneous group of inflammatory diseases of the nasal and paranasal cavities, either accompanied by @entity1127 formation (CRSwNP) or without @entity1127 (CRSsNP). The etiology and pathophysiology is unknown; some specialists define @entity2490 and @entity1244 as one clinical entity, whereas others regard both as separate dis-eases. We therefore investigated the immunological background of the chronically inflamed nasal and sinusal mucosa. METHODS: Protein levels of the inflammatory mediators ILl-beta, @entity225 , ECP, INF-gamma, and @entity2533 were assessed in ethmoidal mucosal samples from CRSsNP and CRSwNP @entity1 , and compared with the expression profile in nasal inferior turbinate (17) mucosa of the same @entity1 groups. Nasal tissue of @entity1 without disease served as control. RESULTS: In CRSwNP, increased levels of @entity225 and ECP were not only observed in ethmoidal samples, but also in the nasal IT-mucosa. @entity2533 levels were lower in @entity1127 , reaching significance versus ethmoidal mucosa of CRSsNP. In CRSsNP, INF-gamma levels are up-regulated in both ethmoidal and nasal mucosa compared to control tissue. CONCLUSION: On the basis of similar inflammatory mediator profiles, we conclude that @entity2490 accompanies chronic @entity1244 , supporting the consensus term "rhinosinusitis". On the other hand, CRSsNP and CRSwNP should be regarded as distinct clinical entities.

title: @entity102 and XXXX : clinical terminology "Chronic Rhinosinusitis" further supported.

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['CRS', 'Chronic rhinosinusitis']

answer: @entity2490 :: (MESH:D012220,Disease) :: ['rhinitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine the value of mediastinoscopy in the mediastinal staging of @entity2 with clinical N2 disease. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 87 @entity1 received mediastinoscopy for known or suspected @entity2 , including 83 cervical mediastinoscopies and 4 parasternal mediastinoscopies. All @entity1 were staged clinical N2 for enlarged ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes (short axis > 1.0 cm) on computed tomography scan. RESULTS: Of the 87 @entity1 , 61 cases proved N2 disease on mediastinoscopy. The other 26 mediastinoscopy-negative @entity1 underwent thoracotomy for lung resection and mediastinal lymph node dissection in the same operative session. Final pathologic N staging were consistent for mediastinoscopic sampling and surgical dissection in 24 @entity1 . N2 disease was found in 2 @entity1 (false-negative of mediastinoscopy). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of mediastinoscopy were 96.8%, 100%, and 97.7%, respectively. There was no mortality and only 1 complication (1.1%) for all 87 mediastinoscopic procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Mediastinoscopy is a highly effective and safe procedure for the mediastinal staging of @entity2 with clinical N2 disease.

title: [The value of mediastinoscopy in the staging of XXXX with clinical N2 disease.].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of Qingfei Huoxue Recipe (QHR) combined @entity4580 in treatment of intractable pediatric @entity19834 . METHODS: Totally 124 intractable pediatric @entity19834 @entity1 at our hospital were recruited in this study, and randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group, 62 in each group. @entity1 in the control group took @entity4580 , while those in the treatment group additionally took QHR. All @entity1 received omnibearing systematic nursing. Therapeutic efficacy, clinical indices (such as disappearance time of cough and rales, recovery time of body temperature) , and the incidence of adverse reactions were observed. RESULTS: After treatment the total effective rate was 91.94% (57/62 cases) in the treatment group and 77. 42% (48/62 cases) in the control group with statistical difference (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, disappearance time of cough and rales, recovery time of body temperature were obviously shortened in the treatment group with statistical difference (P < 0.01). There was statistical difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups [3.23% (2/62 cases) vs 38.71% (24/62 cases) , P < 0.01]. CONCLUSION: In clinical treatment for intractable pediatric @entity19834 , Chinese medicine combined Western medicine plus scientific and systematic nursing showed more obvious advantages with significant efficacy, which was worth spreading.

title: [Treatment of Intractable Pediatric Mycoplasma Pneumonia by Qingfei Huoxue Recipe Combined XXXX : a Random Parallel Control Study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity19834 :: ('MESH:D011019', 'Disease') :: ['mycoplasma pneumonia']

answer: @entity4580 :: (MESH:D017963,Chemical) :: ['Azithromycin']


abstract: Nine cases of @entity189 of the @entity1374 ( @entity11166 ) are reported. Four of the @entity189 were of the familial type. Five of the @entity1 were @entity1 and four were @entity1 . @entity1 age ranged from 23 to 66 years, with a mean age of 40 years. The median age of the four @entity1 with the familial @entity11166 was 32 years. A total or a subtotal thyroidectomy was performed in four and five @entity1 , respectively, associated with a modified neck dissection in six @entity1 with involved cervical lymph nodules. An underlying @entity1911 of the left adrenal was excised in one @entity1 prior to thyroidectomy. In all cases the parathyroid glands were identified, and in two cases of familial @entity11166 , in which they were grossly enlarged, the parathyroid glands were removed. Four @entity1 died as a result of their disease within 3 years, whereas @entity1 are well 4 to 12 years after surgery. The best chance of cure lies in early diagnosis and an aggressive surgical @entity5 and any cervical @entity3 .

title: @entity189 of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'medullary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid gland']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid gland']


abstract: All strains of @entity526 isolated from cases of @entity548 and sent to the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga., over a 3-year period were assayed for @entity137 in Vero cell cultures. Strains that produced moderate or high levels of @entity6846 were characterized by serotype, biotype, antimicrobial resistance, plasmid profile, and adherence to HeLa cells. Over 200 isolates were typical O157:H7 strains. Six isolates were atypical O157:H7 strains; two were resistant to antimicrobial agents; one was @entity104 negative, two were @entity1792 positive, and one was @entity1133 positive. Six isolates were nonmotile O157 strains. All of these isolates were similar to typical O157:H7 strains by plasmid profile and negative or slow @entity5121 fermentation. Eleven other verotoxigenic isolates did not possess the O157 antigen, had a variety of plasmid profiles, and were @entity5121 positive. Two of the eleven were enteropathogenic serotypes (O111:NM and O26:H11), yet none were adherent to HeLa cells. We conclude that verotoxigenic @entity526 associated with @entity548 includes atypical O157 strains and other serotypes. Hence, investigators should use current screening methods with caution.

title: Unusual XXXX -producing @entity526 associated with @entity548 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic colitis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity5121 :: ('MESH:D013012', 'Chemical') :: ['sorbitol']

entities_list: @entity6846 :: ('MESH:D022603', 'Chemical') :: ['verotoxin']

answer: @entity6846 :: (MESH:D022603,Chemical) :: ['verotoxin']


abstract: The goal of this review is to provide a readable and exhaustive reference in three major areas of geriatric oncology: complications of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, responsiveness of @entity5 to systemic treatment, social issues in the care of elderly @entity1 with terminal illnesses. The conclusions of this study are: 1. Progressive deterioration of renal function is the most consistent change of aging. Adjustment of doses of renally excreted drugs to individual @entity1011 clearance may prevent life-threatening myelotoxicity in the elderly. 2. Intensive chemotherapy regimens ( @entity3052 , non @entity978 ) cause more serious and prolonged myelotoxicity in the elderly. Elderly are more susceptible than younger @entity1 to @entity1370 and central and peripheral @entity2359 . Age is a poor predictor of complications in other organs or systems. 3. The prognosis of @entity1 with @entity978 worsens with aging, possibly due to increased prevalence of mixed cellularity histology. It is controversial whether the prognosis of other @entity5 is poorer. Prognosis is not age-related in @entity1582 . In general, elderly in good performance status may benefit from systemic @entity5 treatment to the same extent as younger @entity1 , except for @entity978 . 4. The Informal Support Network, epitomized by the family, appears the most suitable environment to care for the elderly with @entity5 .

title: Systemic treatment of XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasias', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma", "Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Three @entity1 @entity320 cell lines (G-361, HT-144, and SK-MEL-3) that were highly sensitive to growth inhibition in vitro by recombinant @entity1 interferon (rHuIFN-gamma) were adapted to grow as s.c. xenografts in athymic @entity19 . Take rates were greater than 90% for all three @entity5 , with in vivo doubling times of 15, 4, and 15 days for G-361, HT-144, and SK-MEL-3, respectively. Commencing 3 days posttumor implantation @entity19 were treated with daily s.c. injections of rHuIFN-gamma for 30 days over a dose range of 2.4-326 megaunits/ @entity19 /day at a site distinct from the @entity5 implant. @entity5 were measured twice weekly and @entity19 were observed daily for @entity204 and morbidity until day 60 postimplantation. No apparent antitumor activity was observed in either the G-361 or HT-144 @entity5 at any dose despite the achievement of high rHuIFN-gamma blood levels. Intralesional treatment of the HT-144 xenograft with rHuIFN-gamma at 240 megaunits/ @entity19 /day did not significantly retard @entity5 growth or increase lifespan. However, the SK-MEL-3 @entity5 showed a significant response at the 326-megaunit dose as noted by a @entity5 growth delay of 11.8 days in treated versus control animals and by an increased number of 60-day survivors. The @entity5 growth suppression appeared to be greater during the treatment period than during the subsequent observation period. Other experiments employing 326, 530, and 860 megaunits rHuIFN-gamma/ @entity19 /day in @entity19 bearing the SK-MEL-3 @entity5 demonstrated @entity5 growth delays of 4.2, 4.8, and 19.8 days, respectively, suggesting a dose response. These data support the conclusions that (a) in vitro antiproliferative activity of rHuIFN-gamma is not necessarily predictive of in vivo efficacy; and (b) relatively high doses of rHuIFN-gamma appear to be required for demonstrating an in vivo antitumor effect in this model.

title: Evaluation of the antitumor activity of recombinant XXXX gamma-interferon employing @entity1 @entity320 xenografts in athymic @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The reported overall accuracy of MRI in predicting the pathologic stage of nonirradiated @entity5 is high. However, the role of MRI in restaging @entity5 after neoadjuvant CRT is contentious. Thus, we evaluate the accuracy of restaging magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for @entity5 @entity1 who receive preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: We analyzed 150 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 (T3-4N0-2) who had received preoperative CRT. Pre-CRT MRI was performed for @entity5 and nodal staging. All @entity1 underwent restaging MRI followed by total mesorectal excision after the end of radiotherapy. The primary endpoint of the present study was to estimate the accuracy of post-CRT MRI as compared with pathologic staging. RESULTS: Pathologic T classification matched the post-CRT MRI findings in 97 (64.7%) of 150 @entity1 . 36 (24.0%) of 150 @entity1 were overstaged in T classification, and the concordance degree was moderate (k=0.33, p<0.01). Pathologic N classification matched the post-CRI MRI findings in 85 (56.6%) of 150 @entity1 . 54 (36.0%) of 150 @entity1 were overstaged in N classification. 26 @entity1 achieved downstaging (ycT0-2N0) on restaging MRI after CRT. 23 (88.5%) of 26 @entity1 who had been downstaged on MRI after CRT were confirmed on the pathological staging, and the concordance degree was good (k=0.72, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Restaging MRI has low accuracy for the prediction of the pathologic T and N classifications in @entity5 @entity1 who received preoperative CRT. The diagnostic accuracy of restaging MRI is relatively high in @entity5 @entity1 who achieved clinical downstaging after CRT.

title: Prediction of pathologic staging with magnetic resonance imaging after preoperative chemoradiotherapy in XXXX : Pooled analysis of KROG 10-01 and 11-02.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'rectal tumors', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study was undertaken to identify selection criteria for nonradical surgery for early invasive @entity420 . METHODS: Seventy-nine @entity1 with surgically treated cervical @entity420 (with invasion to 5 mm or less) were examined clinicopathologically. The evaluation of stromal invasion was conducted according to the FIGO (1995) staging system. RESULTS: The mean age was 46 (range: 29-73) years, and the median follow-up was 118 (9-348) months. Definitive treatment modalities included radical hysterectomy in 71 (89.9%) cases, modified radical hysterectomy in 2 (2.5%), and simple extrafascial hysterectomy without pelvic lymphadenectomy in 6 (7.6%). Postoperative adjuvant external radiation therapy was given to 5 (6.3%) @entity1 . The histological subtypes were endocervical in 37 (46.8%) cases, endometrioid in 32 (40.5%), and adenosquamous in 10 (12.7%). Forty-one (51.9%) @entity1 had lesions with up to 3 mm of stromal invasion; of these, 24 (58.5%) had lesions with up to 7 mm of horizontal extension (stage @entity9216 ). Thirty-eight (48.1%) @entity1 had lesions with stromal invasion greater than 3 mm and no greater than 5 mm; of these, 4 had lesions with no wider than 7 mm of horizontal extension (stage @entity9217 ). Of 73 @entity1 with pelvic lymphadenectomy, one (1.4%) @entity5 (depth: 5 mm; width: 15 mm) had node @entity3 . Parametrial involvement was present in one (1.4%) @entity1 (lesion depth: 5 mm; lesion width: 16 mm). None had adnexal @entity3 . Eighty-eight percent of the @entity1 with stromal invasion up to 3 mm had well-differentiated @entity420 , compared to 53% of the @entity1 with lesions invading more than 3 mm. Of all of the @entity1 , 5 (6.3%) @entity1 who received curative radical hysterectomies had recurrences and died. Among 5 @entity1 , one @entity1 with central pelvic recurrence had a lesion invading to a depth of 3 mm and width of 7 mm, and the others had lesions with more than 3 mm of invasion and 15 to 36 mm of width. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with early invasive @entity420 to a depth of 3 mm or less stromal invasion, including those who meet the criteria for FIGO stage @entity9216 , may be treated with simple extrafascial hysterectomy without lymphadenectomy and oophorectomy.

title: Early invasive XXXX : criteria for nonradical surgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix', 'adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity1096 ( @entity1096 ) expression is increased during the course of various chronic @entity32 , including @entity378 ( @entity378 ). However, its prognostic value in @entity378 management remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether @entity1096 could associate with other cytokines serving as a reliable biomarker for evaluating the effectiveness of early anti- @entity378 treatments. METHODS: Smear-positive @entity1907 @entity1 (n = 20) were recruited, and the plasma levels of @entity1096 , @entity371 , @entity310 , and IL-12 were measured by ELISA before initiation of anti- @entity378 therapy and after sputum smear conversion. The @entity1851 (CRP) levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were also tracked during anti- @entity378 treatment. RESULTS: @entity1096 expression was significantly elevated in @entity1 with smear-positive @entity1907 , and was closely related with disease severity. Monitoring during the treatment course revealed that its expression, along with that of @entity371 ( @entity371 ), decreased significantly only after sputum smear conversion. Moreover, @entity1096 levels positively correlated with CRP levels before and after anti- @entity378 treatment. Furthermore, @entity1096 markedly promoted @entity371 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CONCLUSION: Association between @entity1096 and @entity371 may serve as a reliable prognostic indicator for improvement during the early treatment of @entity1907 , and may help clinicians in tailoring an effective @entity378 treatment regimen.

title: Decreased XXXX Expression as a Reliable Prognostic Indicator of Improvement in @entity1907 : Impact of the Level of Interferon-x03B3;-Inducible Protein 10.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory diseases']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity1096 :: (6696,Gene) :: ['Osteopontin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2104 (Hp) genotype has been shown to be a predictor of clinical outcomes in @entity510 . Cerebral salt wasting (CSW) has been suggested to precede the development of symptomatic @entity2553 . OBJECTIVE: To determine if Hp genotype was associated with CSW and subsequent @entity2553 after @entity510 . METHODS: Hp genotypic determination was done for @entity1 admitted with a diagnosis of @entity510 . Outcome measures included CSW, delayed @entity385 , and Glasgow Outcome Score of 4 to 5 at 30 days. Criteria for CSW included @entity2753 <135 mEq/L, and urine output >4 L in 12 hours with urine @entity1372 >40 mEq/L. RESULTS: A total of 133 @entity1 were included in the study. The 3 Hp subgroups did not differ in terms of baseline characteristics. CSW occurred in 1 @entity1 (3.4%) with Hp 1-1, 8 (14.0%) @entity1 with Hp 2-1, and 15 (31.9%) @entity1 with Hp 2-2 (P = .004). In the multivariate regression model, Hp 2-2 was associated with CSW (odds ratio [OR]: 4.94; CI: 1.78-17.43; P = .01), but Hp 2-1 was not (OR: 2.92; CI: 0.56-4.95; P = .15) compared with Hp 1-1. There were no associations between Hp genotypes and functional outcome or delayed @entity385 . CSW was associated with delayed @entity385 (OR: 7.46; 95% CI: 2.54-21.9; P < .001). CONCLUSION: Hp 2-2 genotype was an independent predictor of CSW after @entity510 . Because CSW is strongly associated with delayed @entity385 , the use of Hp genotype testing requires more investigation, and larger prospective confirmation is warranted. Additionally, a more objective definition of CSW needs to be delineated. ABBREVIATIONS: CSW, cerebral salt wastingDCI, delayed @entity1779 , Glasgow Outcome ScaleHp, HaptoglobinmRS, modified Rankin ScaleSAH, @entity510 , transcranial Doppler.

title: XXXX 2-2 Genotype Is Associated With Cerebral Salt Wasting Syndrome in @entity510 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'subarachnoid hemorrhageTCD', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemiaGOS']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity2104 :: (3240,Gene) :: ['Haptoglobin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of coronary angioplasty as the sole method of revascularisation in @entity1 with @entity453 and chronically dysfunctional but viable @entity1562 (hibernating @entity1562 ), and to assess the effect of @entity256 on functional outcome. DESIGN AND @entity1 : 24 consecutive @entity1 with hibernating @entity1562 were studied. Positron emission tomography was used to assess @entity296 , blood flow, and flow reserve. One @entity1 refused angioplasty, one had bypass surgery, and one died while waiting for an elective procedure. The procedure failed in three @entity1 . The remaining 18 @entity1 had repeat echocardiography, 15 had repeat coronary angiography, and nine had repeat assessments of blood flow and flow reserve at mean (SD) 17 (2) weeks after angioplasty. In three @entity1 @entity256 was documented. RESULTS: The wall motion score index in the revascularised territories improved from 1.71 (0.37) to 1.34 (0.47) (p = 0.008). Thirty of 51 dysfunctional segments improved in territories without @entity256 compared with three of 14 in restenosed territories (p = 0.001). Hibernating and normal segments had comparable flows (0.82 (0.26) v 0.89 (0.24) ml/min/g; NS) while flow reserve was lower in hibernating segments (1.55 (0.68) v 2.07 (1.08); p = 0.03). In segments without @entity256 flow reserve improved from 2.03 (1.25) to 2.33 (1.4) (p = 0.03). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive accuracy of the viability study were 97%, 77%, 82%, and 96%, respectively. After excluding @entity1 with @entity256 , specificity and positive predictive accuracy improved to 90% and 93%. CONCLUSIONS: Angioplasty improves function in hibernating @entity1562 , and @entity256 prevents recovery; hibernating @entity1562 is characterised by an impairment of flow reserve; @entity256 affects the diagnostic accuracy of viability studies.

title: Efficacy of coronary angioplasty for the treatment of hibernating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial viability']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1562 :: (MESH:D017682,Disease) :: ['myocardium']


abstract: @entity808 occurring in the pancreatic head are rare benign non-recurring @entity361 and are reported to show classic morphologic features. Herein we report a case of a 62 year old male presenting with a 5 cm mass in the pancreatic head encasing the portal vein and the truncus coeliacus. Preoperative fine needle aspiration revealed @entity5 cells consistent with a moderately differentiated @entity420 . A Whipple surgery was performed after palliative chemotherapy. Histological evaluation revealed a multinodular unencapsulated @entity5 with focal infiltration into pancreas parenchyma and a striking microcystic/reticular growth pattern. Anastomosing and intersecting strands of spindle cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm set in a myxoid partly collagenous stroma were observed. The @entity5 cell nuclei were round oval and tapered and showed inconspicuous small nucleoli. @entity179 was seen. Mitotic activity was sparse (1/50 HPF). Pleomorphism or @entity39 was absent. The @entity5 cells showed strong nuclear and cytoplasmic positivity for @entity4483 protein, and focal positivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein. The diagnosis of a microcystic/reticular @entity808 was made. The awareness of and, to some extent, the knowledge about this rare @entity5 are needed to achieve the correct diagnosis and to avoid @entity911 , especially with malignant @entity788 .

title: Microcystic/reticular XXXX of the pancreas: a potential diagnostic pitfall.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma', 'Schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['Degenerative nuclear atypia']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['schwannoma']


abstract: @entity397 is an obstetrical complication characterized by a breach in the uterine wall and the overlying serosa. We report an unusual case of spontaneous @entity397 of an unscarred uterus in a 33-year-old @entity1 , a day after her third successful vaginal delivery. A 33-year-old pregnant @entity1 , gravid 3, para 3, was referred to our department at 39 gestational week because of @entity397 of membranes. Despite tocolysis administration, her pregnancy was delivered vaginally after 2 days, giving birth to a male neonate of 3,020 g with normal Apgar scores at first and fifth minute. Her uterus was intact and gynecological examination after delivery was normal without any potential signs or symptoms of pathology. However, the day following her labor, @entity1 complained of left iliac fossa @entity158 . Her blood tests revealed a CRP value at 27.6 mg/L, whereas the X-rays revealed an extensive impacted fecal mass in the colon. MRI revealed that the left lower myometrial part of the uterus was depicted abrupt, with simultaneous presence of hemorrhagic stuff. The decision of laparotomy was therefore made in order to further evaluate @entity397 and properly treat @entity1 . And subtotal hysterectomy was performed. Postoperative follow-up period was not characterized by any complications and @entity1 was finally discharged 4 days after hysterectomy.

title: Spontaneous postpartum XXXX of an intact uterus: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Rupture of uterus', 'rupture', 'rupture of uterus']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture']


abstract: In addition to allergen avoidance and pharmaceutical medication, @entity6542 ( @entity6542 ) stands for the third most important mainstay offered to @entity56 @entity1 . @entity6542 has been widely used in @entity2023 ,and clinical efficacy has been validated in several controlled clinical trials. Classic @entity6542 protocols begin with an initial dose-increase period (subcutaneous injections of gradually ascending dosages of the allergen extract in weekly intervals) followed by the dose-maintenance period.However, dosage schedules are not commonly standardized yet. Cluster- @entity6542 is an accelerated procedure to achieve the maintenance dose after a shorter time interval by the application of 2-3 injections per treatment day.A total of 395 pollen- @entity56 @entity1 (173 females,222 males) aging from 18 to 61 years (mean age 32.6 +/- 5.9 years) have been investigated using a Cluster schedule for Alutard SQ that allows up dosing up to 100,000 SQ-U in six treatment days (within 5 weeks). The schedule was investigated with regard to the side effects during dosage increase. The total number of systemic reactions was n = 148 or 2.05% of all injections. Of these,119 (80%) were classified as immediate reactions, 27(18%) were late-phase reactions and 2 (2%) were both immediate- and late-phase reactions. Of all systemic reactions, 124 (84%) were classified as grade 1 reactions,and 24 (16%) as grade 2. No reactions of grades 3 and 4 occurred. Age, gender and the type of the allergen used had no influence on the frequency or severity of local or systemic reactions. The appearance and amount of adverse side effects in Cluster- @entity9285 is comparable to those in conventional schedules. With respect to safety aspects, this accelerated dosage schedule could turn into an interesting alternative for dosage increase during @entity9285 ( @entity9285 ).

title: Safety aspects of Cluster immunotherapy with semi-depot allergen extracts in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6542 :: ('MESH:C562465', 'Disease') :: ['specific immunotherapy', 'SIT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9285 :: ('MESH:D013352', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous immunotherapy', 'SCIT']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['pollen-allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis']


abstract: The nuclear receptors encompass a group of regulatory proteins involved in a number of physiological processes. The @entity172 receptors (ERs), of which one alpha and one beta form exist in mammals function as transcription factors in response to @entity53 (E2). In @entity3392 there are three gene products of @entity172 receptors and they are denoted @entity23839 ( @entity23839 ), @entity23840 (ERbeta2) and @entity23841 (ERbeta1). Total RNA of @entity3392 early life stages (<3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours post fertilization) and of adult fish (liver, intestine, eye, heart, brain, ovary, testis, gill, swim bladder and kidney) were isolated following in vivo exposures. Using specific primers for each of the three @entity3392 ERs the expression levels were quantified using real time PCR methodology. It was shown that in absence of exposure all three @entity172 receptors were expressed in adult fish. The levels of expression of two of these three ER genes, the @entity23839 and @entity23840 were altered in organs such as liver, intestine, brain and testis in response to ligand (E2, @entity4742 or @entity23842 ). During embryogenesis two of the three receptor genes, @entity23839 and @entity23841 were expressed, and in presence of ligand the mRNA levels of these two genes increased. The conclusions are i) @entity172 receptor genes are expressed during early development ii) altered expression of @entity23843 genes in response to ligand is dependent on the cellular context; iii) the estrogenic ligand @entity23842 , a manufactured compound commonly found in sewage of water treatment plants, acts as an agonist of the @entity172 receptor during development and has both agonist and antagonist properties in tissues of adult fish. This knowledge of @entity23843 gene function in development and in adult life will help to understand mechanisms of interfering mimicking endocrine chemicals in vivo.

title: Levels of XXXX receptors expressed in embryonic and adult @entity3392 following in vivo treatment of natural or synthetic ligands.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity23842 :: ('MESH:C041594', 'Chemical') :: ['4-nonylphenol']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['17beta-estradiol']


abstract: The role of antiplatelet drugs in relation to their potential antimetastatic activities has been reviewed and the effects of two @entity17924 derivatives (RX-RA69 and @entity17925 ) with strong antiplatelet activities investigated in metastasizing @entity5 models. The routes of administration and drug dosages were always chosen in such a way that good antiplatelet activities were obtained. @entity17926 (20 mg/kg/day) given in the drinking water had no effect on spontaneous @entity3 of @entity2 . @entity17925 (20 mg/kg/day) did not influence spontaneous @entity3 of B16 @entity320 . On the other hand, giving @entity17925 (8 mg/kg) daily i.p. to @entity2 bearing @entity19 significantly increased the number of lung metastases but had no significant effect on primary @entity5 implant growth. Pretreating @entity19 orally with 20 mg/kg @entity17925 1 h before i.v. injection of B16 @entity320 cells had no significant effect on lung colony number or distribution of extrapulmonary @entity5 while injecting the same dosage of @entity17925 i.v. 1-2 h before @entity5 -cell injection decreased lung colony formation, but @entity5 burden. This investigation like many others does not support the importance of platelets in @entity3 formation.

title: Antiplatelet XXXX and @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['increased extrapulmonary tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lewis lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity17924 :: ('CHEBI:48514', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimido-pyrimidine']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity17924 :: (CHEBI:48514,Chemical) :: ['pyrimido-pyrimidines']


abstract: @entity9718 ( @entity9718 ) is genetically classified into three types, all of which are characterized by insidiously progressive @entity508 of the lower extremities. @entity1 with a complicated form of @entity9718 associated with @entity509 of the @entity6789 have been reported by Iwabuchi et al. Here we report a 64-year-old @entity1 with a pure form of autosomal dominant @entity9718 with thinning of the @entity6789 . He had been well until 12 years of age, when @entity508 and @entity425 of the lower extremities began to develop. His symptoms gradually worsened and he had difficulty in walking at the age of 44. When he was 56 years old, he visited our hospital. Eleven family members over five generations have been affected, and anticipation, i.e., an apparent decrease in age of onset, has been observed. On admission, he had mild @entity231 , equinovarus and pes cavus, and neurological examination revealed @entity451 . However, the intelligence test was normal, and @entity346 , @entity2055 , @entity2358 , @entity551 or urinary disturbance was not observed. Trinucleotide repeat diseases, such as @entity2033 , @entity164 , @entity196 , @entity164 and @entity9719 , were excluded by DNA analysis. Brain MRI at the age of 64 revealed marked thinning of the @entity6789 . We considered this @entity1 had a pure form of @entity9718 . However, thinning of the @entity6789 has never been reported in autosomal dominant @entity9718 .

title: [A case of autosomal dominant, pure form XXXX with thinning of the @entity6789 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9718 :: ('MESH:D015419', 'Disease') :: ['HSP', 'autosomal recessive HSP', 'Autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity9719 :: ('MESH:D020191', 'Disease') :: ['dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary movement']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease"]

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['spinocerebellar ataxia type 2']

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['spinocerebellar ataxia type 1', 'Machado-Joseph disease']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity6789 :: ('MESH:D061085', 'Disease') :: ['corpus callosum']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['ataxia of the extremities']

answer: @entity451 :: (MESH:C536857,Disease) :: ['spastic paraplegia']


abstract: @entity66 has a known strong linkage with the HLA complex and has also recently been linked to the T cell receptor genes but the mechanism whereby these genes confer susceptibility is not known. This study has examined two possible mechanisms: (i) direct, lectin-like binding of alpha-gliadin (the causative agent of @entity1050 ) to HLA or @entity6057 molecules and (ii) antigenic cross-reactivity between alpha-gliadin and HLA or @entity6057 molecules. A flow cytometer was used to assess interactions between alpha-gliadin, anti-alpha-gliadin antibodies (raised in both coeliac @entity1 and in @entity95 ) and EBV-transformed B cell lines from coeliac @entity1 and HLA-matched and mismatched normal controls. The B cell lines were shown to express @entity13582 antigens which are also found on coeliac intestinal epithelial cells. After incubating B cell lines with alpha-gliadin over a wide range of concentrations, no binding of alpha-gliadin to any of the cell lines could be detected with either of the gliadin-specific antibodies. This suggests that HLA molecules do not bind to alpha-gliadin in a lectin-like fashion. In contrast to the B cell lines, alpha-gliadin binding to peripheral blood monocytes could be demonstrated. This binding occurred equally to @entity1 and control monocytes and was not influenced by HLA allotype. The second possibility tested was that alpha-gliadin and the disease-associated HLA molecule bear antigenic similarities. However, neither rabbit anti-gliadin serum nor purified @entity1 alpha-gliadin antibody bound directly to the B cell lines. Using peripheral blood T cells similar results were obtained; no binding of alpha-gliadin or antibodies to alpha-gliadin was found. Thus this study shows that the HLA and @entity6057 associations with @entity1050 are not explained by the direct binding of alpha-gliadin to these molecules nor by a sharing of antigenic determinants between alpha-gliadin and these molecules.

title: Studies on the interaction between alpha-gliadin and HLA and T cell receptor molecules in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Coeliac disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['coeliac disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2490 , either @entity56 or non- @entity56 , is frequent in athletes, particularly in swimmers. In this latter case, exposure to @entity3878 in swimming pools seems to play a relevant role, since it can exacerbate a pre-existing @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ) or produce a non-specific irritation. The aim of this study was to detail the clinical and cytological characteristics of @entity2490 in swimmers, and to assess the possible role of @entity3878 -induced symptoms. METHODS: Elite swimmers with @entity2490 symptoms underwent a complete diagnostic work-up, including @entity566 testing, nasal cytology and anterior rhinomanometry. Those evaluations were repeated after 1 month of use of a nasal clip during swimming. A matched group of asymptomatic swimmers was also studied. A total of 74 swimmers (54 symptomatic and 20 controls), with an age range of 9-21 years, were studied. In the control group, only mild and non-specific findings were observed, and only two had a positive skin test. RESULTS: In the symptomatic group, 24 (44%) had @entity2023 , and 19 (35%) had a predominant @entity32 . The use of a nose clip reduced cellular infiltration and nasal resistances only in the subjects with @entity2490 , whereas a clinical improvement was seen also in @entity2023 . CONCLUSION: A @entity2490 occurs in a large proportion of swimmers. This seems to be irritative in its nature and can be prevented by avoiding the direct contact with chlorinated water.

title: Allergic and XXXX in swimmers: clinical and cytological aspects.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity3878 :: ('MESH:D002713', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilic rhinitis', 'rhinitis', 'Rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['non-allergic rhinitis']


abstract: Research into @entity5380 use by @entity1 with @entity6 is limited. This study explored @entity5380 use among @entity1 who attend diabetic clinics for followup treatment. Special attention was paid to @entity1 ' changing patterns of @entity5380 use before and after diagnosis with @entity164 2 @entity6 , their experience of @entity5380 use, and their management of @entity5380 use with conventional medicines. A retrospective cross-sectional survey (n = 326) was undertaken in three census regions in Taiwan, including metropolitan, urban, and rural areas in 2006-7 (87.4% response rate). @entity1 reported extensive use of @entity5380 with conventional medicines. The prevalence of @entity5380 use was 22.7% before and 61.0% after diagnosis with @entity164 2 @entity6 with nutritional supplements being the most commonly used @entity5380 before and after diagnosis. However, the disclosure rate of @entity5380 use to healthcare professionals remained low (24.6%), and lack of knowledge about @entity5380 ingredients was common (63.4%). Awareness of the widespread use of @entity5380 by @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 is crucial for healthcare professionals. The self-administration of both conventional medicines and @entity5380 without disclosure of @entity5380 use to healthcare professionals may result in ineffective @entity6 management and adverse effects. @entity5380 information needs to be incorporated into clinical practice and @entity1 and professional education.

title: Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine among @entity1 with XXXX 2 @entity6 in Taiwan: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['Type']