abstract: The clinicopathological characteristics relevant to prognosis after surgical treatment of @entity1419 ( @entity1419 ) remain unclear. In this study, the clinicopathological features of 19 @entity1 with mass-forming @entity1419 , the most common form of the disease, were reviewed to analyze prognostic determinants. Two or more segmentectomies of the liver with systematic lymphadenectomy were performed in 18 @entity1 . Resection of the extrahepatic bile duct was performed in 14 @entity1 , and reconstruction of the portal vein was accomplished in 5 @entity1 . Stage IVA or IVB @entity5 were seen in 13 @entity1 , and lymph node (LN) @entity3 was present in 14 @entity1 . The estimated 5-year survival rate after surgery for mass-forming @entity1419 was 28%, with median survival time of 18 months. In univariate analysis, five variables were determined to be significantly correlated with poor survival of @entity1 with mass-forming @entity1419 after surgery. These variables include mass-forming @entity1419 with periductal infiltration, perineural invasion, portal vein invasion, presence of intrahepatic @entity3 , and two or more LN metastases. Survival rates of 5 @entity1 without LN @entity3 and 6 @entity1 with a single LN @entity3 were 80% and 33% at 5 years, respectively, while 8 @entity1 with two or more LN @entity3 failed to survive beyond 2 years. Multivariate analysis revealed the presence of intrahepatic @entity3 to be an independent prognostic factor of poor survival. Hepatectomy with resection of the extrahepatic bile duct and systematic lymphadenectomy yields a good chance for prolonged survival for @entity1 with mass-forming @entity1419 when the lesion is singular and LN @entity3 is limited to a regional LN. Because the presence of intrahepatic @entity3 was closely related to a poor prognosis in @entity1 with mass-forming @entity1419 , efficacious chemotherapy would be needed to control development of the lesion.

title: Clinicopathological prognostic factors and impact of surgical treatment of mass-forming XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['ICC', 'intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1419 :: (MESH:C535533,Disease) :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Retrospective ECG-gated multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) is increasingly used for the assessment of prosthetic @entity340 , but is also hampered by PHV-related artefacts/ @entity943 . Furthermore, it is performed without @entity12118 or heart rate correction. The purpose was to determine whether MDCT performed before potential redo-PHV surgery is feasible for concomitant @entity3979 assessment and can replace invasive coronary angiography (CAG). METHODS: PHV @entity1 with CAG and MDCT were identified. Based on medical history, two groups were created: (I) @entity1 with no known @entity453 ( @entity453 ), (II) @entity1 with known @entity453 . All images were scored for the presence of significant (>50  %) @entity850 . CAG was the reference test. RESULTS: Fifty-one @entity1 were included. In group I (n   =   38), MDCT accurately ruled out significant @entity850 in 19/38 (50  %) @entity1 , but could not replace CAG in the remaining 19/38 (50  %) @entity1 due to non-diagnostic image quality (n   =   16) or significant @entity850 (n   =   3) detection. In group II (n   =   13), MDCT correctly found no @entity1 without significant @entity850 , requiring CAG imaging in all. MDCT assessed patency in 16/19 (84  %) grafts and detected a hostile anatomy in two. CONCLUSION: MDCT performed for PHV dysfunction assessment can replace CAG (100 % accurate) in approximately half of @entity1 without previously known @entity453 . KEY POINTS:     Retrospective MDCT is increasingly used for prosthetic @entity340 assessment     In case of PHV reoperation, invasive coronary angiography is also required     MDCT can replace CAG in 50   % of @entity1 without @entity453     When conclusive for coronary assessment, MDCT @entity850 rule out is highly accurate     Replacing CAG saves associated risks of distant embolization of thrombi or @entity47 .

title: Multidetector-row computed tomography for prosthetic XXXX : is concomitant non-invasive coronary angiography possible before redo-surgery?

entities_list: @entity12118 :: ('CHEBI:28787', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerine']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetations']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['heart valve dysfunction', 'heart valve (PHV) dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['heart valve dysfunction']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Bone @entity3 below the knee from primary @entity2 is rare. Discussion of such cases in a multidisciplinary team is important to establish the correct treatment approach. CASE REPORT: We analyzed the diagnostic pathway of a 53-year-old female @entity1 with a 5-month history of @entity158 in the right foot. The @entity1 underwent several radiological examinations for the @entity158 . An initial diagnosis of @entity3604 was made, followed by a diagnosis of primary @entity242 . Only when the @entity1 continued to have @entity158 were other radiological examinations performed and a biopsy of the right ankle taken. This revealed a @entity3 from undifferentiated @entity420 . A total-body computed tomography scan did not show any @entity5 locations apart from the primary @entity2 . The @entity1 underwent chemotherapy and palliative therapies. This case has been reported for its rarity.

title: @entity2 presenting as a XXXX to the tibial bones: a case report.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: To investigate the expression of @entity310 , @entity379 , @entity2533 , and @entity3646 in the spinal tuberculous focus and its relationship with the lesions type, severity, and @entity79 . The pathological samples of @entity1 with @entity3083 ( @entity378 ) were divided into @entity1373 group and @entity39 group according to their intra-operative and post-operative pathological findings. Normal bone tissues were taken as the control group. Pathology and expression of @entity310 , @entity379 , @entity2533 , and @entity3646 in different tissues were compared among these three groups using immunohistochemical staining, quantitative image analysis, and measurement of bone tissue. 286 @entity738 observed in the 14 samples in the @entity1373 group, which included 84 @entity39 and 202 @entity39 . As for the 20 samples in the @entity39 group, there were 356 @entity39 and 186 @entity39 among all the 542 @entity738 . The proportion of @entity39 @entity738 in the @entity39 group was significantly higher than that of the @entity1373 group. By inter-group comparison, expression of @entity310 , @entity379 of @entity738 in the @entity1373 group was significantly higher than that of the @entity39 group, while the expression of @entity2533 , @entity3646 of @entity738 in the @entity39 group was significantly higher than that of the @entity1373 group. Also, expression of @entity379 of @entity39 was significantly higher than that of @entity39 @entity738 in the @entity1373 group, and expression of @entity2533 in @entity39 @entity738 was significantly higher than that of @entity39 in the @entity39 group. The lesions were mainly bone resorption in the @entity1373 group, whereas mostly necrotic bones accompanied by local @entity82 in the @entity39 group. Expression levels of @entity310 , @entity379 in the @entity1373 group have a positive correlation to @entity604 , whereas expression levels of @entity2533 , @entity3646 in the @entity39 group have a positive correlation to the bone formation. The high expressions of @entity310 , @entity379 in the spinal tuberculous focus were associated with protective immune cells. @entity2533 and @entity3646 were related to @entity56 , @entity82 and osteogenesis. Expression imbalance of @entity310 , @entity379 , @entity2533 , and @entity3646 might aggravate the @entity566 of @entity378 .

title: Expression of @entity310 , @entity379 , XXXX , and @entity3646 in the Spinal Tuberculous Focus and Its Impact on the Disease.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'non-necrotizing granulomas', 'necrotizing']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity3083 :: ('MESH:D014399', 'Disease') :: ['spinal tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic lesions']

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['TGF-b']


abstract: Recent observations indicate that @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibition corrects @entity8 ( @entity8 ). The mechanism for this association is not known. We examined the effect of @entity1289 inhibition on hematocrit, @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ), and @entity916 substrate. @entity1289 inhibition has been reported to suppress @entity916 substrate, which is known to stimulate @entity1307 and erythropoiesis. In 15 @entity1 with @entity8 , hematocrit dropped from 52.8 +/- 0.6 (SEM) to 45.8 +/- 1.4% after 8 weeks of treatment with @entity4688 , 2.5-20 mg/day. Serum @entity1307 (normal range: 9-30 mU/ml) was high in one, normal in seven, and low in seven @entity1 . @entity1289 inhibition reduced @entity1307 in @entity1 with initial high or normal levels but induced no change in @entity1 with initial low levels. @entity1289 inhibition had no significant effect on @entity916 substrate. In one @entity1 who rejected his first graft, erythrocytosis recurred following a second, successful transplant. Treatment was discontinued because of cough in two @entity1 and symptomatic drop in blood pressure in one @entity1 . We conclude @entity8 is not caused by hypererythropoietinemia. In @entity1 with normal circulating @entity1307 , erythrocytosis may result from an increase sensitivity to @entity1307 , and @entity1289 inhibition lowered hematocrit by further reduction of this hormone. However, the finding of erythrocytosis in half our @entity1 with suppressed @entity1307 , suggests the participation of non- @entity1307 -mediated mechanism(s). The recurrence of @entity8 in a @entity1 after a second transplant raises the additional possibility of @entity1 -specific factors in the pathogenesis of this disorder. In contrast to other reports, we documented side-effects (cough, @entity551 ) in three (20%) of our @entity1 . Our clinical experience, coupled with prior reports of spontaneous resolution of @entity8 in some @entity1 , suggests that intermittent courses of @entity1289 -inhibition may be the optimal strategy in the use of this form of therapy for @entity8 .

title: XXXX inhibition in the treatment of @entity8 . Clinical experience and observation of mechanism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal transplant erythrocytosis', 'RTE']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['Enalapril']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'EPO']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['Angiotensin-converting enzyme']


abstract: Although the indispensable role of neoangiogenesis in @entity5 growth became generally accepted, quantitative microvascular changes associated to @entity5 progression have been followed only in a few experimental models. In our study a further experimental system, the @entity11725 -induced @entity35 pancreatic @entity420 was applied for this purpose. The 15-20 month long progression of this @entity5 provides us a special opportunity to dissect multistage @entity105 in different respects. Tumour samples were taken at months 6, 8 ( @entity75 ), 10, 13, 15 ( @entity652 ), and 20 (differentiated and @entity420 ) and identified by semithin section histology. We applied reliable and reproducible electron microscopic morphometry for quantification of capillary volume and surface densities in unit tissue volume. Correlation of microvessel volume (MVVD) and surface (MVSD) density data indicated that their changes were the consequence of the changing balance between @entity5 growth and neoangiogenesis. The significantly decreased but persistent size of the @entity5 microvasculature during the early slow @entity851 (months 6-10) is indicative for a slow, but continuous balanced angiogenesis. A dramatic MVVD and MVSD increase at month 13 and the consecutive decrease measured in month 15 @entity652 depicted a hitherto unprecedented angiogenic wave within the month 10-15 @entity851 period. The size of the @entity5 microvasculature became again stabilized below the control level for the next 5 months of slow growth during which, however, several differentiated @entity420 were @entity189 , some of which gave rise to invasive @entity5 . These findings once again verify the angiogenic switch theory.

title: Angiogenesis is continuous with two peaks during @entity11725 -induced @entity35 pancreatic XXXX progression: an electron microscopic morphometrical study.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant growth']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['early lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['transformed to fastly growing angiogenic anaplastic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'anaplastic adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity11725 :: ('CHEBI:74846', 'Chemical') :: ['azaserine']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: @entity12290 ( @entity12290 ) is a common @entity179 leading to a severe @entity73 . There is currently no effective method to determine whether a @entity1 with advanced @entity12290 would benefit from several months of bracing and physical therapy or ultimately require surgery. @entity528 is closely associated with irreversible degradation of its collagen structure, leading to changes to its mechanical properties. If these properties could be monitored in vivo, they could be used to quantify the severity of tendonosis and help determine the appropriate treatment. The goal of this cadaveric study was, therefore, to develop and validate ultrasound elasticity imaging (UEI) as a potentially noninvasive technique for quantifying tendon mechanical properties. Five @entity1 cadaver feet were mounted in a materials testing system (MTS), while the posterior tibial tendon (PTT) was attached to a force actuator. A portable ultrasound scanner collected 2-D data during loading cycles. Young's modulus was calculated from the strain, loading force, and cross-sectional area of the PTT. Average Young's modulus for the five tendons was (0.45    0.16 GPa) using UEI, which was consistent with simultaneous measurements made by the MTS across the whole tendon (0.52    0.18 GPa). We also calculated the scaling factor (0.12    0.01) between the load on the PTT and the inversion force at the forefoot, a measurable quantity in vivo. This study suggests that UEI could be a reliable in vivo technique for estimating the mechanical properties of the PTT, and as a clinical tool, help guide treatment decisions for advanced @entity12290 and other @entity924 .

title: Ultrasound elasticity imaging for determining the mechanical properties of XXXX posterior tibial tendon: a cadaveric study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of gait']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinopathies']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative condition']

entities_list: @entity12290 :: ('MESH:D037081', 'Disease') :: ['PTTD', 'Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Tendon degeneration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the use of surgical d  bridement in the management of low-velocity @entity130 ( @entity130 ) resulting in pelvis @entity174 . DESIGN: : Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Level I @entity130 center in a major metropolitan area. @entity1 : Fifty-six @entity1 from 1991 to 2007 treated for pelvis @entity130 with resulting pelvis @entity174 with six acute mortalities and 40 @entity1 with at least 1-year follow-up. INTERVENTION: @entity1 data were reviewed for incidence of @entity281 related to pelvis @entity130 . Information regarding surgical d  bridement of pelvis GSI wounds, retained @entity344 was analyzed for relationships of such events to @entity281 rate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Incidence of @entity281 related to pelvis @entity130 at least 1 year after GSI date. RESULTS: Three @entity1 (6%) developed a @entity281 related to their pelvis @entity130 . There were no cases of @entity4034 . The rate of concomitant @entity344 was 36% and the overall @entity281 rate among those with @entity344 was 12% versus 3% for those without a @entity344 (P = 0.34). There were @entity281 rates of 7% and 6% among @entity1 who underwent surgical d  bridement and those who did not, respectively. Of those with @entity344 , 41% underwent primary surgical d  bridement and none developed @entity281 . In the group of remaining @entity1 with @entity344 who did not undergo d  bridement of their GSI wounds, two (20%) developed an @entity281 . The mortality rate of low-energy @entity130 to the pelvis was six of 53 (11%). CONCLUSION: There was no increased incidence of @entity281 in the absence of aggressive surgical d  bridement of pelvis GSI wounds. The study also demonstrated that retained bullets and bullet fragments did not increase the risk of @entity281 , even after penetrating the GI tract organs. Finally, this study suggests there may be an increased risk of @entity281 related to pelvis @entity130 compared with reported @entity281 rates related to @entity130 of the extremities, likely secondary to a high rate of concomitant @entity344 associated with pelvis @entity130 ; however, there was no incidence of @entity4034 .

title: The role of d  bridement in low-velocity civilian @entity130 resulting in pelvis XXXX : a retrospective review of acute infection and inpatient mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['foreign bodies, and/or concomitant gastrointestinal (GI) injury', 'GI injuries', 'GI injury']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'deep infection']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['GSIs', 'gunshot injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blue nevi that arise from the M  llerian tract are rare @entity75 . Several histopathologic variants of cellular blue nevi have been described. The angiomatoid variant is characterized by a vascular component, and is considered to be a rare variant. Few studies have explored the influence of pregnancy on @entity75 . CASE: A 29-year-old @entity1 was presented with a @entity66 that increased gradually during pregnancy. A full term gynecologic examination showed a @entity5 mass protruding into the vaginal canal. The mass was resected during cesarean-section under the clinical impression of @entity365 . RESULT: Gross examination revealed a @entity3928 measuring 6.0   4.3   3.5 cm, which was filled with dark friable material. Histologically, the mass showed a subepithelial cellular proliferation of heavily pigmented @entity455 . Cytologic pleomorphism, junctional activity, atypical mitosis, and @entity39 were not found. The proliferation was immunoreactive for HMB-45, S-100 and melan-A, and non-immunoreactive for @entity2280 , smooth muscle actin, and @entity1325 / @entity1326 . The @entity1758 proliferative index was less than 1%. The @entity1 had a postoperative course without complication. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4482 arising from the vagina during pregnancy is extremely rare. The low proliferative index and absence of cytologic pleomorphism, or @entity39 , supports a benign biological behavior. Clinical follow-up showed no evidence of recurrence at one year after the resection of the mass.

title: XXXX of vaginal wall associated with pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['dendritic melanocytes with prominent vascular stroma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented vaginal lesion']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['cystic mass']

entities_list: @entity4482 :: ('MESH:D018329', 'Disease') :: ['Angiomatoid giant cellular blue nevus']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal hemangioma']

answer: @entity4482 :: (MESH:D018329,Disease) :: ['Angiomatoid giant cellular blue nevus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background and purpose - The use of a cemented cup together with an uncemented stem in @entity572 ( @entity572 ) has become popular in Norway and Sweden during the last decade. The results of this prosthetic concept, reverse hybrid @entity572 , have been sparsely described. The Nordic Arthroplasty Register Association (NARA) has already published 2 papers describing results of reverse hybrid THAs in different age groups. Based on data collected over 2 additional years, we wanted to perform in depth analyses of not only the reverse hybrid concept but also of the different cup/stem combinations used. @entity1 and methods - From the NARA, we extracted data on reverse hybrid THAs from January 1, 2000 until December 31, 2013. 38,415 such hips were studied and compared with cemented THAs. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analyses were used to estimate the prosthesis survival and the relative risk of revision. The main endpoint was revision for any reason. We also performed specific analyses regarding the different reasons for revision and analyses regarding the cup/stem combinations used in more than 500 cases. Results - We found a higher rate of revision for reverse hybrids than for cemented THAs, with an adjusted relative risk of revision (RR) of 1.4 (95% CI: 1.3-1.5). At 10 years, the survival rate was 94% (CI: 94-95) for cemented THAs and 92% (95% CI: 92-93) for reverse hybrids. The results for the reverse hybrid THAs were inferior to those for cemented THAs in @entity1 aged 55 years or more (RR =1.1, CI: 1.0-1.3; p < 0.05). We found a higher rate of early revision due to periprosthetic @entity3330 for reverse hybrids than for cemented THAs in @entity1 aged 55 years or more (RR =3.1, CI: 2.2-4.5; p < 0.001). Interpretation - Reverse hybrid THAs had a slightly higher rate of revision than cemented THAs in @entity1 aged 55 or more. The difference in survival was mainly caused by a higher incidence of early revision due to periprosthetic @entity3330 in the reversed hybrid THAs.

title: Reverse hybrid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['THA', 'total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fracture']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['total hip arthroplasty']


abstract: Eleven @entity1 with @entity5 received @entity1206 (15 mg/m2) as a single i.v. bolus injection. At least 1 week later, the @entity1 were given a 2-fold increased dose of @entity1206 (30 mg/m2) and, for seven of them, the 30-mg/m2 dose was repeated after a delay longer than a week. After each administration, plasma and urine were collected for 72 h and monitored for @entity1206 concentration by radioimmunoassay. The comparison of dose-normalized plasma level profiles showed significant time @entity734 (P less than 0.05) in four of the seven assessable @entity1 . Some @entity1 also exhibited significant (P less than 0.05) nonlinear (dose dependent) kinetic profiles. Only 3 of the 10 appreciable @entity1 were characterized by both time independent and linear profiles. However, the plasma concentration decay curves presented a triphasic shape similar to that obtained with other antitumor Vinca alkaloids and the data were consistent with a three-compartment pharmacokinetic model. The dose and/or time @entity734 evidenced for most of the @entity1 did not result in marked changes in pharmacokinetic parameters among courses. The pharmacokinetics of @entity1206 were characterized by a high plasma clearance (0.27 to 1.49 liter.h-1.kg-1), a large distribution volume (8.2 to 48.2 liter.kg-1), and a long terminal half-life (22.1 to 67.8 h). Urine excretion was low (less than 7.9%). Thus, @entity1206 pharmacokinetics resembles that of other antitumor Vinca alkaloids.

title: Clinical pharmacokinetics of the antitumor drug @entity1206 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['navelbine']

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['5'-noranhydrovinblastine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Golden rule for the initiation of antiepileptic therapy in the majority of @entity302 is "start low and go slow", a principle after the second unprovoked @entity410 . There are certain clinical situations however when fast titration of antiepileptic medication is needed. CASE REPORT: We present a case of the 48-year-old @entity1 referred for further management of uncontrolled partial @entity410 . At the age of 37 years, he had @entity510 , due to @entity1756 , with consecutive @entity2553 and right haemiparesis. Since that time he had received @entity109 100 mg nocte. On examination he had a right sided upper motor neuron weakness affecting the arm more than the leg, and mild @entity4653 , EEG investigation showed frequent transitory spikewaves discharges above the left hemisphere with the fast contralateral propagation with generalised discharges and CT showed old @entity1188 in distribution of left medial cerebral artery. @entity1092 therapy was initiated with the retard form in the loading dose of 2000 mg. @entity410 stopped in 7th hours after the treatment initiation. Laboratory parameters (liver function tests, blood count, level of antiepileptic drugs) were monitored every day. No further @entity410 were recorded. The @entity1 was discharged from the hospital after 15 days in excellent condition. CONCLUSION: In selected clinical conditions it is possible to apply the protocol for @entity1092 loading and switch-off from the previous antiepileptic drugs to @entity1092 monotherapy. Adverse effects are rare and mild but potentially serious, and close monitoring of clinical and laboratory parameters is necessary. Hence, a rapid switch to @entity1092 monotherapy can be done safely only in an inpatient setting.

title: [Cessation of @entity302 series using peroral XXXX in an adult @entity1 with @entity302 ].

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate', 'Valproate']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture of the left internal carotid artery']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['valproate']


abstract: The efficacy of five disinfecting agents was tested by a new microbiological method, i.e. the flow cytometry. The method is based on kinetic measurements of the effects of a disinfecting agent on the percent of live/dead cells detected with @entity2667 . @entity526 ATCC52922 strain and @entity794 ATCC 29213 strain were used in the experiment. From the measurements the killing time 50 (KT50) was estimated as the period of time needed to kill 50% of microorganisms in the disinfected volume. KT50 for @entity1068 70% was 11s and it was the most efficient disinfecting agent among all examined. Other commercial preparations were compared with @entity1068 70% and were traced throughout the period of 5 min. The results were obtained rapidly, frequently in less than 10 min. In conclusion, the effectiveness of a particular antibacterial disinfectant preparation may be estimated quantitatively within a few minutes by the flow cytometry. The method proved to be very useful for a fast comparison of the effectiveness of various disinfectant preparation against pathological microorganisms.

title: Flow cytometry analysis of the activity of disinfecting agents tested with @entity794 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Dietary protein and/or @entity1887 represent an important problem in elderly @entity1 . The biological and clinical implications, and particularly the influence on bone mass of undernutrition in the elderly, have not been completely defined, although several studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of @entity1887 in @entity1 with a recent fracture of the proximal femur. In the present study the relationship between dietary intakes, physical performance and @entity79 ( @entity79 ) was examined in hospitalized elderly @entity1 . The study comprised 74 @entity1 (48 @entity1 , mean age 82 years; and 26 @entity1 , mean age 80 years) who were hospitalized for various medical indications. They were divided into two groups according to their dietary protein intakes, evaluated during the first 28 days in hospital while on a regular diet. The first group consisted of 26 @entity1 (14 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 ) whose protein intake was equal to or greater than 1 g per kilogram of ideal body weight. The second group consisted of 48 @entity1 (34 @entity1 and 14 @entity1 ) who consumed less than 1 g of protein per kilogram of ideal body weight. The two groups differed also in their energy, @entity1735 , lipid and @entity460 intakes. @entity1 in the group with the higher protein intake displayed higher @entity79 at the level of the femoral neck as measured by dual-photon absorptiometry. The @entity1 in this group also had higher lumbar spine @entity79 . After 4 weeks in hospital the @entity1 with a higher protein intake had significantly enhanced bicipital and quadricipital muscle strength and better performance as indicated by the increased capacity to climb stairs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Relationship between XXXX and dietary intakes in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['calorie insufficiencies', 'dietary insufficiencies']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone mineral density']


abstract: Phenotypic and functional studies are required to understand the immunoregulatory role of @entity33 cells. Information about T cells in the @entity1 upper respiratory tract is limited and conflicting. Therefore, we phenotyped T cells in nasal mucosa by means of multicolor in situ immunofluorescence. In normal mucosa, most CD3+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) (> 90%) expressed T-cell receptor (TCR)alpha/beta, and only approximately 5% expressed TCRgamma/delta. Although most IELs in the surface epithelium were @entity405 + (64%), many expressed @entity404 (30%) and the @entity404 phenotype dominated (55%) only slightly in the lamina propria. This result was strikingly different from that obtained for comparable compartments in histologically normal jejunal mucosa, where IELs consisted of 83% @entity405 + and LPLs of 73% @entity404 (+) T cells. Nasal CD3+ IELs and LPLs were mainly CD45RO+CD45RA- and usually expressed @entity4587 . The integrin alphaEbeta7 was, as expected, more common on IELs than on LPLs (78 versus 20%). In conclusion, nasal T cells show several similarities to those of the normal jejunum but some notable differences exist, especially a relative increase in @entity404 + T cells in the epithelium and a @entity393 . It should be explored whether this disparity, together with an increased expression of epithelial adhesion molecules, might contribute to local immunological overstimulation and partly explain the relatively high frequency of airway @entity566 .

title: Phenotypic distribution of T cells in XXXX nasal mucosa differs from that in the gut.

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal T']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in the lamina propria']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity9204 ( @entity9204 ) is a rare @entity1221 which occurs more frequently in @entity1 under 3 years of age. We report 10 cases of @entity9204 in @entity1 . There were 5 males and 5 females, aged 5 to 84 months at diagnosis (median 32 months). Eight @entity9204 were located in the lateral ventricle and 2 in the fourth ventricle. All @entity1 underwent initial surgery, with complete resection in 5 cases. Postoperative treatment included radiotherapy alone in 4 @entity1 , chemotherapy alone in 4, both in 1 @entity1 , and no further treatment in one @entity1 . Six @entity1 remain in first continuous complete remission with a follow-up of 12 to 156 months (mean 34 months). Five of these six @entity1 had a complete surgical resection of their @entity5 and 4 of them received chemotherapy alone. A comparison with the series in the literature suggests that total resection of the @entity5 is the major prognostic factor for survival. Recourse to additional treatments to prevent local relapses and CNS dissemination seems necessary. In our opinion, radiotherapy should be avoided as far as possible because of its deleterious effect in very young @entity1 . As some of the long term survivors did not receive radiation treatment, we conclude that @entity9204 can be treated post operatively using chemotherapy protocols designed for @entity1 with malignant @entity1313 .

title: XXXX : a pediatric experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['tumor of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity9204 :: ('MESH:C562943', 'Disease') :: ['CCP', 'Carcinoma of the choroid plexus']

answer: @entity9204 :: (MESH:C562943,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma of the choroid plexus']


abstract: @entity565 is a complex chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that involves the activation of many inflammatory and other types of cells. We investigated the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on @entity56 in @entity35 and compared its effect with that of the glucocorticoid @entity4184 . @entity565 was induced by challenge and repeated exposure to ovalbumin. Asthmatic @entity35 were then treated with LLLT or @entity4184 suspension. LLLT at 8 J/cm(2) once daily for 21 days could relieve pathological @entity16 in @entity748 @entity35 . LLLT could decrease the total numbers of cells and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. LLLT could reduce levels of @entity12718 and increase IFN-y levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum, meanwhile reduce serum IgE levels. Flow cytometry assay showed that LLLT can regulate the Th1/Th2 imbalance of @entity748 @entity35 . LLLT had a similar effect to that of @entity4184 . These findings suggest that the mechanism of LLLT treatment of @entity565 is by adjustment of Th1/Th2 imbalance. Thus, LLLT could take over some of the effects of @entity4184 for the treatment of @entity565 , thereby reducing some of the side effects of @entity4184 .

title: Effect of low-level laser therapy on XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['damage and airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic asthma']


abstract: We describe a novel methodological approach for inducing @entity75 in the @entity19 as a model of @entity1 cortical contusion @entity130 . To validate its reproducibility and reliability, @entity619 ( @entity3784 ) was repeatedly applied to demonstrate possible antioedematous drug effects. Following the induction of anaesthesia with @entity1508 , the dura was exposed via trephination. Using a micromanipulator a pre-cooled (-78 degrees C) @entity920 cylinder, 3 mm in diameter, was pressed down to a depth of 1 mm onto the dura for 30 s under microscopic control. The body temperature was held constant at 37 degrees C throughout the procedure. Blood pressure (BP), measured by a modified photosensor-monitored tail-cuff method, and acid-base status were not significantly different when analysed before and after @entity75 and prior to sacrifice. However, there was a marginal mixed respiratory and @entity520 . The antioedematous action of Dxm was studied in four standard pre-and post-treatment paradigms: 2x0.5 mg/kg (II), 2x12.5 mg/kg (III) and 4x6.25 mg/kg (IV: 3x pre-, 1x post-treatment: V: 1x pre-, 3x post-treatment). Physiological saline injections served as controls. High doses of Dxm (III-V) significantly attenuated the cold-lesion-induced loss of body mass. Dxm treatment also resulted in a reduction of brain water content (III; P<0.05), and @entity4 (IV; P<0.05) in the lesioned hemisphere, relative to controls. In conclusion, we have characterized a novel @entity75 model in the @entity19 to mimic @entity131 and the beneficial effect of Dxm treatment on the extent of @entity4 .

title: A novel @entity131 model in the @entity19 : effects of XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cold lesion']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['brain oedema', 'brain swelling']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of @entity3522 with @entity3285 in reducing postoperative @entity1286 use after major orthopedic surgery. DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. SETTING: Major teaching institution. @entity1 : 102 ASA physical status II @entity1 undergoing hip and knee replacement with general anesthesia. INTERVENTIONS: Before induction of anesthesia, @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive intravenously either @entity3522 75 mg (Group D), @entity3285 60 mg (Group K), or placebo (Group P). @entity1 -controlled analgesia was supplied postoperatively using @entity1286 . MEASUREMENTS: Visual analog scale (VAS), verbal @entity158 score (VPS), sedation score, frequency of opioid side effects, and @entity1286 consumption were recorded every 4 hours. MAIN RESULTS: There was a highly significant downward trend for VAS, VPS, and sedation scores over time, p = 0.001. The mean VAS and VPS scores were significantly lower in Groups D and K compared with Group P at time 0, p = 0.009 and 8 hours, p = 0.026. The mean (SD) 24-hour @entity1286 requirements were 36.3 mg (16.9), 47.2 mg (34.9), and 51.6 mg (22.2) for Groups D, K, and P, respectively, p = 0.032. Fewer @entity1 suffered from @entity1209 in the treatment groups (Groups D and K) compared with Group P (9, 8, and 19, respectively), p < 0.05. Fewer @entity1 also suffered from @entity111 in Groups D and K compared with Group P (3, 4, and 11, respectively), p < 0.01. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative administration of intravenous @entity3522 75 mg or @entity6058 60 mg significantly reduces @entity1286 requirements and associated side effects after major orthopedic surgery.

title: Comparison of the @entity1286 -sparing effects of @entity3522 and XXXX after major orthopedic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac', 'diclofenac sodium']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity3285 :: ('MESH:D020911', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac tromethamine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity3285 :: (MESH:D020911,Chemical) :: ['ketorolac tromethamine']


abstract: 145-2C11, a hamster mAb directed against the @entity19 @entity5168 complex, is a potent immunosuppressive agent. Upon initial treatment, 145-2C11 triggers a systemic release of multiple cytokines that is responsible for the acute @entity137 of the mAb. This cellular activation is a consequence of the cross-linking between T lymphocytes and Fc gamma R-bearing cells, mediated by the high affinity of the hamster mAb for @entity19 Fc gamma Rs. Repeated mAb injections result in the onset of a neutralizing humoral response. Therefore, there has been an increased interest in developing nonmitogenic forms of anti- @entity5168 mAbs, although it is not clear whether these Abs will retain immunosuppressive properties. To determine whether the initial cytokine production is necessary for the immunosuppressive properties and the immunogenicity of anti- @entity5168 mAbs in vivo, we have generated chimeric (hamster 145-2C11 F(ab')2 region/ @entity19 Fc gamma portion) mAbs using @entity19 isotypes with different affinities for Fc gamma Rs. The 145-2C11 and a chimeric @entity9749 isotype, both of which bind @entity19 Fc gamma Rs avidly, had similar activating, immunogenic, and immunosuppressive properties in @entity19 . The administration of a chimeric @entity5696 isotype with a very low affinity for @entity19 Fc gamma Rs did not result in cytokine production, a humoral response against the mAb, or TCR desensitization. Nevertheless, prolongation of skin graft survival was similar in the @entity5696 , @entity9749 , and 145-2C11-treated @entity19 , indicating that Fc gamma R nonbinding anti- @entity5168 mAbs retain potent immunosuppressive properties in vivo while not being immunogenic. This enhanced therapeutic to toxic profile may be beneficial in clinical transplantation.

title: An anti-murine XXXX monoclonal antibody with a low affinity for Fc gamma receptors suppresses transplantation responses while minimizing acute @entity137 and immunogenicity.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity5168 :: (12501(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD3']


abstract: Auditory and somesthesic forms of stimulation have substantially increased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in @entity468 . We investigated whether auditory stimulation, applied during REM sleep or outside REM sleep, would have similar effects in normal volunteers. We also administered auditory stimulation to @entity308 @entity1 during REM sleep. Subjects were studied during 1 acclimatization night, 2 baseline nights, 4 consecutive nights with auditory stimulation, and 1 followup night without auditory stimulation. Normal volunteers were randomly divided into Group R, which received auditory stimulation during each @entity11755 , and Group NR, which received auditory stimulation at the end of each @entity11755 . @entity308 @entity1 (Group D) received auditory stimulation during each REM sleep period. Only Group R showed increased REM sleep time during the nights of auditory stimulation and throughout the followup night. This group also increased their sleep efficiency. Group NR showed reduced sleep efficiency due to an increase in both the duration and frequency of awakenings. Group D did not show increased REM sleep time, but did show shortened REM sleep episodes, increased REM sleep frequency, and increased duration of awakenings. Group D did not show clinical changes.

title: Effects of auditory stimulation during rapid eye movement sleep in healthy volunteers and XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['REM sleep episode']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressed', 'depressed']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressed']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The adipokine leptin and its receptor are expressed in the heart, and leptin has been shown to promote cardiomyocyte @entity1184 in vitro. @entity28 is associated with hyperleptinemia and hypothalamic leptin resistance as well as an increased risk to develop @entity1283 and @entity712 . However, the role of cardiac leptin signaling in mediating the @entity296 associated with increased body weight is unclear, in particular, whether it develops subsequently to cardiac leptin resistance or overactivation of @entity1184 signaling pathways via elevated leptin levels. METHODS: The cardiac phenotype of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced @entity28 wildtype (WT) @entity19 was examined and compared to age-matched genetically @entity28 @entity18070 ( @entity18070 )-deficient (LepRdb/db) or lean WT @entity19 . To study the role of leptin-mediated @entity10433 activation during @entity28 -induced @entity299 , @entity19 in which @entity669 residue 1138 within @entity18070 had been replaced with a @entity563 (LepRS1138) were also analyzed. RESULTS: @entity28 was associated with hyperleptinemia and elevated cardiac leptin expression in both diet-induced and genetically @entity28 @entity19 . Enhanced @entity18070 and @entity10433 phosphorylation levels were detected in hearts of @entity28 WT @entity19 , but not in those with @entity18070 mutations. Moreover, exogenous leptin continued to induce cardiac @entity10433 activation in diet-induced @entity28 @entity19 . Although echocardiography revealed signs of @entity1283 in all @entity28 @entity19 , the increase in left ventricular (LV) mass and diameter was significantly more pronounced in LepRS1138 animals. LepRS1138 @entity19 also exhibited an increased activation of signaling proteins downstream of @entity18070 , including @entity16404 (1.8-fold), Src kinase (1.7-fold), protein kinase B (1.3-fold) or C (1.6-fold). Histological analysis of hearts revealed that the inability of leptin to activate @entity10433 in LepRdb/db and LepRS1138 @entity19 was associated with reduced @entity299 as well as increased apoptosis and @entity82 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that hearts from @entity28 @entity19 continue to respond to elevated circulating or cardiac leptin, which may mediate cardioprotection via @entity18070 -induced @entity10433 activation, whereas signals distinct from @entity18070 -Tyr1138 promote @entity1283 . On the other hand, the presence of @entity1283 in @entity28 @entity19 with complete @entity18070 signal disruption indicates that additional pathways also play a role.

title: Importance of leptin signaling and @entity10433 activation in mediating the @entity1283 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac angiogenesis', 'cardiac remodeling']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Use of invasive revascularization [percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)] after @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in Denmark increased between 1996 and 2004. We investigated how this affected socioeconomic differences in their use. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All @entity1 aged 30-74 years in hospital for a first @entity583 in Denmark between 1996 and 2004 were included. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the association between individual income (tertiles) and education (>12, 10-12 and <10 years) and time to revascularization within 6 months. Revascularization was stratified into CABG, acute PCI (within 2 days of admission) and non-acute PCI (after the third day). RESULTS: A total of 38,803 @entity1 were included. In 1996-1998, 6.8% received CABG, 9.3% non-acute PCI and 2.4% acute PCI; in 2002-2004, these numbers were 11.8, 36.1 and 29.1%. CABG was more likely to be performed for @entity1 with a high income [hazard ratio (HR), 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-1.28] or a medium income (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.07-1.25) than for those with a low income throughout the period. A similar income gradient was seen for non-acute PCI, but not for acute PCI, for which no gradient was seen. No educational gradient was found for CABG, and that for non-acute and acute PCI decreased during the period; by the end of the period, more @entity1 with low than high education received acute PCI. CONCLUSION: In the universal health care system of Denmark, income differences in CABG and non-acute PCI persisted, whereas no such differences were seen for acute PCI.

title: Persistent socio-economic differences in revascularization after XXXX despite a universal health care system-a Danish study.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity8496 inhibitors are effective against @entity320 with @entity817 @entity8554 mutations but may induce @entity7390 ( @entity7390 ) and @entity957 ( @entity957 ). The potential of these agents to promote secondary @entity5 is concerning. We analyzed cSCC and KA lesions for genetic mutations in an attempt to identify an underlying mechanism for their formation. METHODS: Four international centers contributed 237 KA or cSCC @entity5 samples from @entity1 receiving an @entity8496 inhibitor (either @entity5457 or @entity2857 ; n = 19) or immunosuppression therapy (n = 53) or @entity5 that developed spontaneously (n = 165). Each sample was profiled for 396 known somatic mutations across 33 @entity5 -related genes by using a mass spectrometric-based genotyping platform. RESULTS: Mutations were detected in 16% of @entity5 (38 of 237), with @entity5 harboring two mutations. Mutations in @entity876 , @entity986 , @entity8498 , @entity984 , and @entity10160 were previously described in @entity1544 . Mutations in MYC, @entity2557 , and @entity280 were identified for the first time. A higher frequency of activating RAS mutations was found in @entity5 from @entity1 treated with an @entity8496 inhibitor versus populations treated with a non- @entity8496 inhibitor (21.1% v 3.2%; P < .01), although overall mutation rates between treatment groups were similar ( @entity8496 inhibitor, 21.1%; immunosuppression, 18.9%; and spontaneous, 17.6%; P = not significant). @entity5 histology (KA v cSCC), @entity5 site (head and neck v other), @entity1 age ( <= 70 v > 70 years), and sex had no significant impact on mutation rate or type. CONCLUSION: Squamous cell @entity5 from @entity1 treated with an @entity8496 inhibitor have a distinct mutational profile that supports a mechanism of therapy-induced tumorigenesis in RAS-primed cells. Conceivably, cotargeting of @entity8047 together with @entity8496 may reduce or prevent formation of these @entity5 .

title: RAS mutations are associated with the development of @entity1544 in XXXX treated with @entity8496 inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'tumor', 'cancer', 'five tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas', 'cSCCs']

entities_list: @entity7390 :: ('MESH:D007636', 'Disease') :: ['keratoacanthomas', 'KAs']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas']

entities_list: @entity5457 :: ('MESH:C551177', 'Chemical') :: ['vemurafenib']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 78-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital for @entity96 . Initial clinical diagnosis was @entity157 ( @entity157 ) with lung @entity3 because of a high value of serum protein induced by @entity2067 absence or antagonist II (PIVKA-II) (6,705   mAU/mL). However, a review of a prior CT showed the @entity2 had existed 6 months before @entity96 were detected. The @entity5 progressed rapidly and the @entity1 died 37 days after admission. Autopsy revealed that both lung and @entity96 exhibited the histology of @entity152 ( @entity152 ). Immunohistochemistry revealed that the @entity5 cells expressed not only neuroendocrine markers but also PIVKA-II diffusely. Hepatoid differentiation was not detected. Background liver did not show any @entity409 . The final diagnosis was PIVKA-II producing @entity152 of the lung with multiple liver @entity3 . PIVKA-II producing @entity5 other than @entity157 are extremely rare. To our best knowledge, this is the first case report of PIVKA-II producing @entity5 of the lung.

title: Protein induced by XXXX absence or antagonist II (PIVKA-II) producing @entity152 ( @entity152 ) of lung with multiple liver @entity3 : A case report.

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors', 'multiple lung and liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neuroendocrine tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['LCNEC', 'large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity2067 :: (MESH:D014812,Chemical) :: ['vitamin K']


abstract: Ascitic fluid from @entity1 @entity43 @entity1 often contains a large number of leukocytes along with @entity5 cells. Some of the recent evidence suggests that the ascitic fluid contains factors capable of inducing the growth of @entity43 cells in vitro and in vivo. While these factors have not yet been completely characterized, growth factors secreted by the @entity5 cells could influence the @entity5 growth by paracrine and autocrine mechanisms. Earlier, we reported that @entity43 cells produce macrophage colony-stimulating factor. It appears that these @entity5 cells produce more than one cytokine. Identifying the various products secreted by the @entity5 cells would provide valuable information needed to understand the biology of @entity43 . In the present study, evidence is provided for the first time that five different @entity1 @entity43 cell lines and @entity5 cells isolated from the ascitic fluid of four @entity5 @entity1 express @entity1192 and beta genes constitutively. Production of the lymphokine was determined by analyzing the cellular RNA for @entity1192 -related transcripts and by immunological assays. @entity43 cells also secrete another pleiotropic cytokine, @entity650 , constitutively. In many systems, @entity1192 induces the expression of the @entity650 gene. To determine whether the basal levels of @entity650 production are dependent on the endogenous @entity1192 , neutralization studies were carried out. Addition of antibodies to @entity1192 did not decrease the levels of @entity650 secreted by the @entity5 cell lines. These results suggest that multiple cytokines are produced by @entity43 cells and that the endogenous @entity1192 may not be directly involved in the regulation of @entity650 gene expression in these cells.

title: @entity1 @entity43 cells cultures in vitro express both XXXX and beta genes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'ovarian epithelial cancer', 'ovarian epithelial tumor', 'Ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity1192 :: (3552,Gene) :: ['interleukin 1 alpha']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate and compare the antibacterial efficacy of turmeric extract as an intracanal medicament against @entity797 and its effect on the microhardness of root dentin in comparison with @entity6086 and 2% @entity1216 gel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and fourty dentin blocks were prepared from 70 extracted @entity1 single-rooted teeth and standardized. For antibacterial assessment, 120 blocks were infected for 21 days with @entity797 (n = 24/group). Dentin blocks were treated with group I ( @entity15383 ), group II (2% @entity1216 gel), group III (turmeric extract), group IV (saline) and group V (negative control). Dentin shavings were obtained in TSB at depth of 400  m and plated to count CFUs at 24 hours, 3 and 7 days (n = 8/day). For microhardness assessment, eight samples of 2 mm thickness were prepared form four dentin blocks (n = 8/group). Following treatment with medicaments, microhardness test was performed at 24 hours, 3 and 7 days using Vickers hardness indentation machine at 400  m from canal lumen. RESULTS: Complete inhibition of @entity797 was observed with group II, followed by 64% with group I and 54% with group III which was statistically highly significant (p < 0.001). Highest effect on microhardness of root dentin was shown by group I, followed by group II and no effect was seen with group III which was statistically highly significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Turmeric extract has substantial antibacterial activity with no effect on microhardness of root dentine and hence has a potential to be used as intracanal medicament if its antibacterial activity could be enhanced. How to cite this article: Prabhakar AR, Swapnil T, Savita H, Sugandhan S. Comparison of Antibacterial Efficacy of @entity6086 Paste, 2% @entity1216 Gel and Turmeric Extract as an Intracanal Medicament and their Effect on Microhardness of Root Dentin: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2013;6(2):171-177.

title: Comparison of Antibacterial Efficacy of XXXX Paste, 2% @entity1216 Gel and Turmeric Extract as an Intracanal Medicament and their Effect on Microhardness of Root Dentin: An in vitro Study.

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine', 'Chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity6086 :: ('MESH:D002126', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium hydroxide', 'Calcium Hydroxide']

answer: @entity6086 :: (MESH:D002126,Chemical) :: ['Calcium Hydroxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Concurrent chemotherapy with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and brachytherapy (BT) is critical to the curative treatment of locally advanced @entity5 . Patterns of care and the use of EBRT and BT for locally advanced @entity5 in the United States were analyzed with an emphasis on regional variation across the United States. METHODS/MATERIALS: A retrospective analysis was performed using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program database from 1988 to 2010 to identify @entity1 with @entity2622 treated with definitive radiotherapy. RESULTS: Twelve thousand three hundred @entity1 were identified who met the inclusion criteria. From 1988 to 2010, percent use of EBRT and BT decreased from 68% to 45%; specifically, between 1988 and 2000, there was a decrease of 12% (P = 0.0003), and between 2000 and 2010, there was another decrease of 11% (P < 0.0001). When examined individually, 15 of the 16 registries displayed a decline in use of EBRT and BT with a significant decrease in 11 of the registries. No registry displayed an increased use of EBRT and BT, but the use of EBRT alone increased from 1988 to 2000 by 8% (P = 0.0055) and from 2000 to 2010 by 6% (P = 0.0095). CONCLUSIONS: Combination of EBRT and BT for locally advanced @entity5 continues to decline, despite guidelines indicating the appropriateness of BT. This decline was seen for most regions across the United States, with a concomitant rise in the use of EBRT. EBRT alone is an inferior therapy and must be used in conjunction with BT to realize maximal @entity1 benefit.

title: Patterns of care with brachytherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'women']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['locally advanced cervical carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The 2009 H1N1 @entity683 pandemic created a surge of @entity1 with low-acuity @entity683 ( @entity683 ) to hospital Emergency Departments (EDs). The development and results of a tiered surge plan to care for these @entity1 at a Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) were studied. HYPOTHESIS/PROBLEM: By providing standard assessment and treatment algorithms within physically separate @entity683 Extension Areas, it was hypothesized that @entity1 care could be streamlined and the quality of care maintained. METHODS: Hospital administrators created the tiered H1N1 surge plan within the framework of the existing emergency operations plan (EOP). After the initial expansion of space and staff utilization within the existing PED footprint, @entity683 Extension Areas were opened and staffed by non-ED physicians and nursing to provide care rapidly for @entity683 @entity1 after Registered Nurse (RN) screening. Volumes, length of stay (LOS), left without being seen (LWBS) rates, @entity1 satisfaction, and costs were tracked and measured. RESULTS: Significantly elevated volumes of @entity1 were seen in the months of September and October of 2009 (42.0% and 32.7% increase over 2008). During this time, 612 @entity1 were triaged to the @entity683 Extension Areas. The LOS was similar to that experienced in prior years. The LWBS rates in September (4.8%) and October (3.4%) were slightly elevated over the 2009 yearly average (3.2%), but remained lower than during a prior, high-volume month. Satisfaction, measured as @entity1 ' "likelihood to recommend," remained within the range observed during other parts of the year. Cost estimates indicate favorable financial performance for the institution. CONCLUSION: The tiered surge response plan represented a success in managing large volumes of low-acuity @entity1 during an extended period of time. This design can be utilized effectively in the future during times of @entity1 surge.

title: Pandemic XXXX extension areas in an urban pediatric hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'influenza-like-illness', 'ILI']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: @entity161 is highly complex multifactorial @entity146 with poorly defined etiopathophysiology, which also has manifestations in the immune system. Aims: The aim of this review is to meta-analyze the available evidence regarding the role of immune activation indicated by the T helper cells in order to evaluate etiopathophysiological links between the immune system and @entity161 . Methods: A literature search was performed in multiple electronic databases for relevant research papers published between 1990 and May 2014. Meta-analyses were conducted under both random- (REM) and fixed-effect models (FEM) by calculating weighted mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was assessed with the I(2) index. Results: Twenty-one studies were selected after observing inclusion and exclusion criteria. In vitro @entity379 (INF-y) and interleukin (IL)-2 production was significantly lower in the @entity161 @entity1 compared with non- @entity161 control individuals under both FEM and REM. Serum levels of @entity1199 and serum/in vitro @entity3646 were not significantly different in both groups under both FEM and REM. Overall @entity1198 :Th2 ratio (INF-y: @entity3646 and @entity1199 : @entity3646 ) in the serum samples was significantly deflected towards Th2 under both models in the serum samples (- 0.33 [- 0.59 to - 0.06]; P < 0.03, FEM and - 2.44 [- 4.27 to - 0.60]; P < 0.009, REM) but in vitro production @entity1198 :Th2 ratio (INF-y: @entity3646 and @entity1199 : @entity3646 ) was deflected towards @entity1198 under both the models (1.11 [0.45-1.78]; P < 0.002, FEM and 6.68 [0.72-12.64]; P < 0.03, REM). Conclusions: Whereas the @entity1198 :Th2 ratio in the serum samples deflected towards T2, in vitro @entity1198 :Th2 ratio favored @entity1198 when the individual study data were meta-analyzed.

title: Role of T helper lymphokines in the immune-inflammatory pathophysiology of XXXX : Systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic', 'Schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Clear cell @entity189 of the parotid gland are hardly reported only fifty cases are known. They are characterized by a proliferation of acinic epithelial cells and of clear myo epithelial cells. What makes them remarkable is a slow process of evolution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three cases which were treated in the Ibn Rochd center of oncology are gathered from the 1999-2003 period into a review in order to discover the epidemic and anatomopathological characteristics of these @entity5 . The goal of study is to contribute to a best knowledge of the clinical features, pare clinical, anatomopathological and therapeutic characteristic of this @entity5 . RESULTS: Two @entity1 , aged of 62 and 71 and a 82-years-old- @entity1 were concerned. Growing cervical mass was the most revealing symptom. The diagnosis was established by the parotid biopsy in 2 cases and after surgery in the third case. The treatment consisted in a total parotidectomy with conservation of the @entity86 at the extend of 65 Gy for the first @entity1 . After 12 months the @entity1 is still alive. As for the two other @entity1 , given the extend of advancement of the @entity5 , palliative treatment was decided. It resulted in stabilization of the disease and a receding of 22 months for one @entity1 and no trace of the second one because of a loss of the evolutionary pursuit. CONCLUSION: With an in-depth analysis we can notice that @entity1358 of the parotid gland are rare and mostly occur to old @entity1 . Immunohistochemistry is the essential first step to sort these @entity5 with other salivary ones. Basic treatment is surgery. Radiation therapy linked to surgery seems to improve the local control of the disease. The prognosis remains relatively good despite discusses. Because of the few published cases, it's hard to analyze these @entity5 .

title: [Clear cell XXXX of the parotid gland].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve and postoperative radiation']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: Coronary artery patency after thrombolytic therapy has important prognostic implications for survival after acute @entity583 . The ability to noninvasively identify @entity1 early after thrombolysis may therefore allow other strategies, such as adjunctive therapy or rescue angioplasty, to be used to restore patency of the @entity1188 . This study examined the use of a rapid @entity908 kinase (CK)-MB assay in conjunction with selected clinical variables for noninvasive detection of reperfusion after thrombolysis. @entity1 were enrolled in a study evaluating accelerated plasminogen activator dose regimens with patency assessments by first angiographic injection during acute angiography at a median and interquartile range (25th and 75th percentiles) 142 (96,195) minutes after starting thrombolytic therapy. Serum CK-MB samples measured by a rapid dual monoclonal antibody assay were obtained in 207 @entity1 before (baseline) and 30 minutes, 90 minutes, and 3 hours after starting thrombolytic therapy. In 109 @entity1 a CK-MB sample was obtained within 10 minutes of acute angiography (angio sample). At acute angiography the @entity1188 was patent (Thrombolysis in @entity583 trial grade 2 to 3 flow) in 71%. Baseline CK-MB values were similar in @entity1 with and without later reperfusion at acute angiography: 3 (0,8) ng/ml and 0 (0,4) ng/ml, respectively. At acute angiography, @entity1 with successful reperfusion had higher CK-MB values [46 (20,138) ng/ml] compared with @entity1 with persistent occlusion of the @entity1188 [8 (3,63) ng/ml; p = 0.002).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Noninvasive detection of reperfusion after thrombolysis based on serum XXXX kinase MB changes and clinical variables. TAMI 7 Study Group. Thrombolysis and Angioplasty in @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

answer: @entity908 :: (MESH:D003401,Chemical) :: ['creatine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitor use may be associated with weight maintenance and sustained muscle strength (measured by grip strength) in older adults. DESIGN: Data from the @entity65 ( @entity65 ), a community-based prospective cohort study of 5,888 older adults, were used. SETTING: Subjects were recruited from four U.S. sites beginning in 1989; this analysis included data through 2001. @entity1 : @entity65 @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) or treated @entity101 . MEASUREMENTS: The exposure, current @entity1289 inhibitor use, was ascertained by medication inventory at annual clinic visits; the outcomes were weight change and grip-strength change during the following year. Multivariate linear regression was used, accounting for correlations between observations on the same @entity1 over time. RESULTS: The average annual weight change was -0.38 kg in 2,834 @entity1 (14,443 @entity1 -years) with treated @entity101 and -0.62 kg in 342 @entity1 (980 @entity1 -years) with @entity712 . @entity1289 inhibitor use was associated with less annual @entity353 after adjustment for potential confounders: a difference of 0.17 kg (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.05-0.29) in those with treated @entity101 and 0.29 kg (95% CI=-0.25-0.83) in those with @entity712 . There was no evidence of association between @entity1289 inhibitor use and grip-strength change. CONCLUSION: @entity1289 inhibitor use may be associated with weight maintenance, but not maintenance of muscle strength, in older adults with treated @entity101 .

title: Weight loss, muscle strength, and @entity1289 inhibitors in older adults with @entity712 or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CHS', 'Cardiovascular Health Study']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Prolonged exposure to stressful events has been reported to inhibit the ability of hippocampal synapses to increase their synaptic efficacy. Here we tested if these effects could be prevented by blocking activation of glucocorticoid receptors during the last 4 days of the stress paradigm. In order to address this question, animals were exposed to 21 days of variable and inescapable stressors. Handled animals served as controls. During the last 4 days of the stress regime, animals were treated with the @entity4738 antagonist @entity3927 . We found that 1 day after the last stressor, synaptic plasticity in the @entity1399 area of hippocampal slices is impaired in chronically stressed animals. Importantly, treating chronically stressed animals with @entity3927 for 4 days completely prevented this decrease in synaptic potentiation; @entity3927 treatment of handled controls did not affect potentiation. Treating hippocampal slices from control animals with high levels of @entity2819 also impaired synaptic plasticity; this effect was similar for untreated and @entity3927 -treated animals. Treating slices from chronically stressed animals with @entity2819 did not further decrease synaptic plasticity. These data indicate that 4 days blockade of the @entity4738 , during a stress regime, is sufficient to fully restore synaptic plasticity.

title: Blockade of glucocorticoid receptors rapidly restores hippocampal XXXX synaptic plasticity after exposure to chronic stress.

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity4738 :: ('2908', 'Gene') :: ['glucocorticoid receptor']

answer: @entity1399 :: (759,Gene) :: ['CA1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity124 ( @entity124 ) is a mutational signature that is the hallmark of @entity4309 , and @entity124 testing is a cost-effective method to screen the disease. Since there is no enough data about @entity124 status and associated clinicopathologic features of @entity14 ( @entity14 ) in Iran, our study is a new trial to describe them in center of Iran (Isfahan). MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a descriptive retrospective study to screen @entity14 families using Amsterdam II criteria in Central Iran within 2000-2013. For @entity124 testing, we used a commercially available kit evaluating @entity20133 markers (BAT-25, BAT-26, MON0-27, NR-21 and NR-24). After a fluorescent multiplex polymerase chain reaction amplification of the markers, samples were sequenced to fragment analysis. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 16 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS: Overall, 31 of 45 screened @entity14 families were eventually included to @entity124 testing. Totally, 9/31 @entity1 (29.0%) showed @entity124 in their @entity5 tissues. BAT-26 was the most instable marker with instability in 7/24 @entity5 (29.2%). The mean age at diagnosis in @entity124 ( @entity124 ), @entity124 ( @entity124 ), and @entity124 ( @entity124 ) probands was respectively 44.7 (standard deviation [SD] = 11.83), 51.7 (SD = 16.17), and 36.0 (SD = 3.41) years. The most common @entity5 sites in @entity124 , @entity124 , and @entity124 probands were rectosigmoid (   72.8%), rectum (66.7%) and right colon (50.0%), respectively. Of 186 @entity5 @entity1 among 31 @entity14 families, 86 @entity1 (46.2%) had @entity14 ( @entity14 ) and 100 @entity1 (53.8%) had @entity5 . The average of @entity14 affected members among @entity124 , @entity124 , and @entity124 groups of our @entity14 families was 2.2 (SD = 1.30), 3.3 (SD = 3.21), and 4.7 (SD = 2.42) @entity1 per family, respectively. Stomach with 18.3% and 26.7% of all @entity5 were most common involved organ in @entity124 and @entity124 families, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our different molecular results could be suggested to describe @entity14 families based on some new molecular mechanisms leading to @entity124 @entity14 phenotypes. Meanwhile, more evaluations within our population are recommended.

title: @entity5 microsatellite instability and clinicopathologic features in Iranian @entity14 @entity1 at risk for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI-H', 'MSI-High', 'microsatellite stable', 'MSI-Low', 'Microsatellite instability', 'MSI', 'MSS', 'MSI-L']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'MSI tumors', 'cancer', 'extracolonic cancers']

entities_list: @entity20133 :: ('CHEBI:29075', 'Chemical') :: ['mononucleotide']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer', 'HNPCC', 'CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity4309 :: (MESH:D003123,Disease) :: ['Lynch syndrome']


abstract: To examine the relationship between peptide sequence and the interaction of amphipathic alpha-helical peptides with @entity2434 , various methods of mixing the peptide and lipid were explored. A series of amphipathic alpha-helical peptides containing from 10 to 18 residues were synthesized by solid-phase techniques. An 18-residue peptide and two relatively hydrophobic 10-residue peptides did not disrupt @entity17595 liposomes when added to the lipid in buffer. However, when the peptides were premixed with lipid in a suitable organic solvent and then reconstituted with aqueous buffer, clear micelles were formed, indicating association of the amphipathic alpha-helical peptide with lipid. In general, the best solvent for this purpose was @entity23054 . The circular dichroic and fluorescence spectra of peptides which readily formed clear mixtures when mixed in buffer with @entity17595 liposomes were similar when prepared either by the alternative pathway technique using @entity23054 or by a cholate removal technique. For the peptides which did not clear liposomes in buffer, first mixing with @entity17595 in @entity23054 resulted in an increase in the alpha-helicity of the peptides as judged by circular dichroic spectra and a blue-shift in the fluorescence emission maxima of the single @entity2340 residue in each peptide. These data are consistent with formation of an amphipathic alpha-helix in lipid by peptides which based on mixing experiments with @entity17595 liposomes in buffer at the phase transition temperature of the lipid would be considered ineffective in lipid binding. Thus, simple mixing of peptides with liposomes may give misleading results concerning the intrinsic affinity of a particular peptide sequence for lipid. In addition, the data demonstrate that relatively hydrophobic amphipathic alpha-helical peptides which do not form small micelles with @entity17595 spontaneously in aqueous solution may interact with lipid as typical amphipathic alpha-helices when mixed by an alternative pathway.

title: Examination of the peptide sequence requirements for lipid-binding. Alternative pathways for promoting the interaction of amphipathic alpha-helical peptides with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity17595 :: ('MESH:D004134', 'Chemical') :: ['dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholines']

entities_list: @entity23054 :: ('MESH:D014270', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoroethanol']

answer: @entity2434 :: (MESH:D010713,Chemical) :: ['phosphatidylcholine']


abstract: WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Bone- @entity5 @entity158 is a common and refractory @entity5 @entity158 . Opioids, on their own, do not control this type of @entity158 well enough, and co-analgesics are necessary. METHODS: @entity1 with bone metastasis-related @entity158 at Numeric Rating Scale >= 4 were enrolled to this randomized placebo-controlled trial. They had also received @entity1286 or transdermal @entity3575 patches for at least 1 week. During the 3-day efficacy phase, @entity1 received placebo or 1-3 tablets of @entity1288 / @entity1443 (5/325 mg), four times daily for 3 days. All @entity1 kept a daily @entity158 diary. The primary endpoint was the @entity158 ( @entity158 ). Secondary endpoints were cases of @entity158 and rescue @entity1286 consumption. Additional analyses included the Short Form-6 Dimensions (SF-6D) quality-of-life scale and a general impression (GI) of @entity1 satisfaction with treatment at the end of the phase. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Of the 246 @entity1 in the intent-to-treat set, 89  4% completed the 3-day efficacy phase. PIDs were 0  9 and 0  3 in the @entity1288 / @entity1443 and placebo groups respectively, on day 1 (P < 0  001), and 1  5 and 0  3 respectively on day 3 (P < 0  001). Thirty-eight @entity1 in the treatment group, and 58 in the placebo group, suffered @entity158 on day 3 (P < 0  001). The SF-6D score decreased to 21  2    2  5 in the @entity1288 / @entity1443 group at the end of the phase (P = 0  001). In the @entity1288 / @entity1443 group, 67% rated GI as good, very good, or excellent. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity3478 , already on opioids, obtain clinically important, additional @entity158 -control, with regular @entity1288 / @entity1443 dosing.

title: Efficacy of @entity1288 / @entity1443 for @entity1 with XXXX : a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone-cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain Intensity Difference', 'breakthrough pain', 'PID', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity3478 :: (MESH:D001859,Disease) :: ['bone-cancer pain']


abstract: Preceding studies have indicated that aberrant expression levels rather than genetic changes of GADD45y, @entity15047 , and p8 gene might play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity977 . We analysed their expression in various normal @entity1 tissues and in different @entity5 types, and investigated GADD45y mutations in a subset of @entity652 . Absolute quantification by real-time RT-PCR was performed in 24 normal tissues as well as in 34 nonfunctioning, 24 somatotroph, 12 corticotroph @entity652 , 4 @entity2013 , 1 FSHoma, and in 6 normal pituitaries. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between clinical data and gene expression. A subset was screened for GADD45y mutations by single strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) and sequencing. All normal @entity1 tissues expressed GADD45y, @entity15047 , and p8 mRNA. For GADD45y, significantly lower expression levels were found in nonfunctioning @entity652 compared with normal pituitary and somatotroph @entity652 . P8 and @entity15047 mRNA levels were significantly lower in nonfunctioning and corticotroph @entity652 compared with normal pituitary. Expression of GADD45y was significantly higher in @entity977 of female @entity1 . No mutation was found in the GADD45y gene. GADD45y, @entity15047 , and p8 appear to have physiological functions in a variety of @entity1 tissues. GADD45y, @entity15047 , and P8 may be involved in the pathogenesis of nonfunctioning and corticotroph @entity5 . Female gender seems to predispose to slightly higher GADD45y expression in @entity977 . Mutations of the GADD45y are unlikely to be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity977 .

title: Expression analysis of GADD45y, @entity15047 , and p8 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumours', 'pituitary tumour']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: Mutidrug resistance (MDR) severly blocks the successful management of @entity0 . Overexpression of @entity1262 / @entity7895 accounts for the major factor in the development of MDR. b-arrestin 2 has been reported to widely involve in multiple aspects of @entity5 development. In order to verify whether b-arrestin 2 regulates mutidrug resistance in @entity0 , we analyzed the protein expression levels of b-arrestin 2 and @entity1262 / @entity7895 by immunohistochemistry in 106 paraffin-embedded @entity1 breast tissue samples. There was a positive correlation between b-arrestin 2 and @entity1262 / @entity7895 protein expression (P = 0.016). Changes in @entity1262 / @entity7895 mRNA and protein levels were examined by quantitative real-time reverse polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. Silencing of b-arrestin 2 evidently down-regulated the expression of @entity1262 / @entity7895 in transfected ADM cells. In contrast, overexpression of b-arrestin 2 had the opposite changes in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. MTS assay revealed that silencing of b-arrestin 2 increased the sensitivity to anti- @entity5 drugs to some extent. On the other hand, overexpression of b-arrestin 2 had the opposite effects. Our above data demonstrate that b-arrestin 2 plays a vital role in the regulation of @entity1262 / @entity7895 expression in @entity0 .

title: b-arrestin 2 is associated with multidrug resistance in @entity0 cells through regulating XXXX gene expression.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity1262 :: (5243,Gene) :: ['MDR1']


abstract: A non-comparative case observation study estimated the feasibility of brachytherapy for @entity995 with a newly designed @entity3739 -106 plaque (label: CXS) with an 8-mm diameter of the irradiation zone. METHODS: The new CXS plaque was used between 2001 and 2003 for brachytherapy of 13 @entity995 . Indications were recurrences after preceding local treatment or @entity995 with an impending vitreous @entity5 cell seeding. The prescribed radiation dose at the apex was 88 Gy (NIST-calibrated dosimetry). RESULTS: The mean age at brachytherapy was 1.2 years (standard deviation, SD: 1.1 years), and the mean follow-up was 1.7 years (SD: 0.6 years). The treated @entity5 had a mean diameter of 2.3 mm (SD: 0.7 mm) and a mean height of 1.5 mm (SD: 0.6 mm) with a mean distance to the optic disc of 9.9 mm (SD: 2.2 mm). The mean duration of irradiation was 29.3 h (SD: 9.9 h) with a mean dose at the sclera of 213 Gy (SD: 80 Gy). Surgery was uneventful in all cases. Complete regression developed after 3.1 months (SD: 2.8 months) in all cases without a recurrence or a progression of the vitreous @entity5 cell seeding. The eyes developed no further side-effects besides a temporary circumscribed intra-ocular @entity548 that emerged from the regressive @entity5 remnants. CONCLUSION: Brachytherapy with the CXS plaque seems to be a safe and reliable treatment option for small-sized @entity995 when laser or cryocoagulation failed to control the @entity5 growth or for small @entity995 with an @entity5 cell seeding on the @entity5 surface.

title: Beta-ray brachytherapy of @entity995 : feasibility of a new small-sized XXXX -106 plaque.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'incipient local tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma', 'retinoblastomas', 'endophytic retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity3739 :: (MESH:D012428,Chemical) :: ['ruthenium']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate if Tc99m-sestamibi scintimammography in addition to the triple assessment consisting of clinical examination, mammography, breast ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNA) enhances the diagnosis of @entity0 and helps in avoiding unnecessary operative biopsies. METHODS: Pre-operational scintimammography was performed within 2 weeks of operation to 46 consecutive @entity1 with abnormal findings in clinical breast examination, mammography or ultrasonography. Three @entity1 had @entity1558 . Histological diagnosis was obtained in all 49 cases. RESULTS: The histological diagnosis was benign in 18 (37%) cases and malignant in 31 (63%) cases. The overall sensitivity of scintimammography was 77% and the specificity was 61%. The sensitivity of scintimammography was 95% in @entity513 , 50% in @entity1137 and 25% in @entity513 in situ. Scintimammography showed 100% sensitivity in cases with @entity189 , with highly suspicious findings for @entity5 in the other examinations. The sensitivity was 63% in cases with indeterminate or contradictory findings in mammography, ultrasonography and FNA. CONCLUSIONS: Adding scintimammography to the triple assessment does not seem to be helpful in the diagnosis of @entity1558 because of low sensitivity in malignant cases with a challenging diagnosis by mammography, ultrasonography and FNA, and because of low overall specificity.

title: The role of Tc99m-sestamibi scintimammography in combination with the triple assessment of primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['invasive lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma', 'invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in both breasts', 'breast abnormalities']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine moderators and predictors of response to behavior therapy for tics in @entity1 and adults with @entity4676 and chronic @entity1765 . METHODS: Data from 2 10-week, multisite studies (1 in @entity1 and 1 in adults; total n = 248) comparing comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics (CBIT) to psychoeducation and supportive therapy (PST) were combined for moderator analyses. @entity1 (177 male, 71 female) had a mean age of 21.5    13.9 years (range 9-69). Demographic and clinical characteristics, baseline tic-suppressing medication, and co-occurring @entity146 were tested as potential moderators for CBIT vs PST or predictors of outcome regardless of treatment assignment. Main outcomes measures were the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale Total Tic score and the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement score assessed by masked evaluators. RESULTS: The presence of tic medication significantly moderated response to CBIT vs PST (p = 0.01). @entity1 showed @entity1775 after CBIT regardless of tic medication status, but only @entity1 receiving tic medication showed reduction of tics after PST. Co-occurring @entity146 , age, sex, family functioning, tic characteristics, and treatment expectancy did not moderate response. Across both treatments, greater tic severity (p = 0.005) and positive @entity1 expectancy (p = 0.01) predicted greater tic improvement. @entity148 (p = 0.042) and premonitory urge severity (p = 0.005) predicted lower @entity1775 . CONCLUSIONS: Presence of co-occurring @entity71 , @entity3119 , or @entity148 did not moderate response to CBIT. Although @entity1 on tic medication showed improvement after CBIT, the difference between CBIT and PST was greater for @entity1 who were not on tic-suppressing medication. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIERS: The @entity1 and adult CBIT studies are listed on clinical trials.gov (NCT00218777 and NCT00231985, respectively). CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class I evidence that CBIT is effective in reducing tic severity across subgroups of @entity1 with chronic @entity1765 , although the difference between treatments was smaller for @entity1 on tic-suppressing medications, suggesting reduced efficacy in this subgroup.

title: Moderators and predictors of response to behavior therapy for tics in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'child', 'children', 'patients', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1775 :: ('MESH:D020323', 'Disease') :: ['tic reduction']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity1765 :: ('MESH:D013981', 'Disease') :: ['tic disorders']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders', 'Anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']

entities_list: @entity4676 :: ('MESH:D005879', 'Disease') :: ['Tourette syndrome']

answer: @entity4676 :: (MESH:D005879,Disease) :: ['Tourette syndrome']