abstract: Gonadotropin-Releasing @entity9646 (GnRHs) are decapeptides well known to regulate the reproductive cycle. They are expressed not only in the brain, but also in other tissues including the gonads. It is believed that they may be involved in the endocrine and paracrine regulation of the reproductive cycle. To date, two forms of @entity1176 have been identified in salmonids: salmon (sGnRH) and @entity1573 II ( @entity63277 ). In the present study, the temporal expression of sGnRH-1, sGnRH-2, @entity63277 , and rtGnRH receptor genes was studied in @entity5660 ovary during the reproductive cycle according to the stages of follicular development. Using RT-PCR coupled with Southern-blot hybridization, sGnRH-1, sGnRH-2, @entity63277 , and rtGnRH-R transcripts were detected in morphologically nondifferentiated ovaries as early as 55-65 days post-fertilization and throughout all stages of vitellogenesis. Using Northern blot analysis, @entity63277 mRNA was detected only in immature previtellogenic ovary, whereas sGnRH mRNA was detected also during early and mid-exogenous vitellogenesis. No sGnRH mRNA was detected at the end of vitellogenesis. In maturing pre-ovulated ovary, sGnRH transiently reappeared before germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. A few days after ovulation, a strong sGnRH mRNA expression was found in ovarian tissue as the eggs were kept in the body cavity of females. However, in females stripped just after ovulation, sGnRH mRNA levels remained low in ovary during several weeks. Fully spliced sGnRH-1 and sGnRH-2 messengers were mostly expressed during the reproductive cycle; however different sGnRH-1 and sGnRH-2 splicing variants containing intronic sequences were also detected. Some of these messengers may encode prepro- @entity1176 precursors with truncated @entity1176 -associated peptides. The stage-dependent expression and different cell localization of sGnRH, @entity63277 , and rtGnRH-R transcripts suggest that @entity1176 -like peptides may have different roles in the paracrine regulation of ovarian follicular development.

title: Expression of prepro- @entity1176 and @entity1176 receptor messengers in XXXX ovary depends on the stage of ovarian follicular development.

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity9646 :: ('MESH:D006728', 'Chemical') :: ['Hormones']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['rainbow trout']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity550 ( @entity550 ) is being offered to @entity1 suffering from @entity9 . Outcome prediction, programming and especially sustaining a long-term treatment effect represent major challenges. We report a retrospective long-term analysis of our @entity1 treated with @entity550 over a median follow-up of 39.1 months. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the time course of the treatment effect in @entity550 for @entity9 . METHODS: Twenty-three closely followed @entity1 treated with @entity550 were retrospectively analyzed. Reduction in @entity158 measured on a visual analogue scale (VAS) was defined as the primary outcome parameter. VAS @entity158 level and adverse events were documented at the 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-month follow-ups. RESULTS: The mean VAS under best medical treatment was 7.8 (SD 1.2, range 5-9) with escalation to 9.3 (SD 0.9, range 6-10) when the @entity1 ' medications were missed or delayed. About half of the @entity1 (47.8%) experienced a satisfactory (>50%) reduction in @entity158 during the first month of treatment. The best treatment results were seen at the 3-month follow-up (mean VAS 4.8, SD 1.9, -37.2% compared to baseline). A decline in the treatment effect was generally observed at the subsequent follow-up assessments. Six @entity1 had their devices explanted during the follow-up period due to loss of treatment effect. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, @entity550 failed to provide long-term @entity158 control for @entity9 . Many aspects of @entity550 still remain unclear, especially the neural circuits involved and their response to long-term stimulation. Means must be developed to overcome the problems in this promising technique.

title: Long-term follow-up of motor cortex stimulation for XXXX in 23 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['Motor cortex stimulation', 'MCS']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28 is associated with increased circulating levels of @entity3800 and @entity172 and elevated @entity0 risk. @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ; microscopic foci of dying adipocytes surrounded by macrophages) are proposed to represent sites of increased aromatization of @entity3800 to @entity172 . Accordingly, we examined relationships between @entity2383 and sex- @entity479 hormones in breast adipose tissue and serum from postmenopausal @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded benign breast tissues collected for research from postmenopausal @entity1 (n   =   83) diagnosed with @entity0 in the Polish @entity0 Study (PBCS) were evaluated. Tissues were immunohistochemically stained for @entity469 to determine the presence of @entity2383 per unit area of adipose tissue. Relationships were assessed between @entity469 density and @entity2383 and previously reported sex- @entity479 hormones quantified using radioimmunoassays in serum taken at the time of diagnosis and in fresh frozen adipose tissue taken at the time of surgery. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the relationships between hormones (in tertiles) and @entity2383 . RESULTS: @entity2383 were observed in 36% of benign breast tissues, with a higher frequency among @entity28 versus lean @entity1 (54% versus 17%, p   =   0.03). Detection of @entity2383 was not related to individual hormone levels or @entity0 pathology characteristics. However, detection of @entity2383 was associated with hormone ratios. Compared with @entity1 in the highest tertile of @entity1815 : @entity2671 ratio in fat, those in the lowest tertile were less likely to have @entity2383 (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.03-0.59). A similar pattern was observed with @entity53 : @entity251 ratio in serum and @entity2383 (lowest versus highest tertile, OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.04-0.72). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2383 were more frequently identified in the breast fat of @entity28 @entity1 and were associated with increased ratios of select @entity172 : @entity3800 in the blood and tissues, but not with individual hormones. Additional studies on @entity2383 , tissue and blood hormone levels, and @entity0 risk are needed to understand and confirm these findings.

title: Relationship between crown-like structures and sex- @entity479 hormones in breast adipose tissue and serum among postmenopausal XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumor', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'Postmenopausal obesity']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['Crown-like structures', 'CLS']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that indices of myocyte contractility and metabolism could be preserved with @entity63 preconditioning in a model of reversible @entity63 similar to that occurring during routine cardiac surgery. Regional measures of metabolism and function have not been studied in conjunction with individual myocyte function during postischemic recovery of preconditioned myocardium. @entity1 AND METHODS: In 16 @entity235 , myocardium supplied by the @entity6128 ( @entity6128 ) was preconditioned with intermittent @entity63 and reperfusion. Following preconditioning, the heart was made globally @entity63 for 20 min at normothermia by aortic cross-clamping while on cardiopulmonary bypass. In 10 animals, serial measurements of @entity6128 and remote region @entity855 ( @entity855 ) levels, @entity413 uptake, and wall thickening were obtained with full-thickness drill biopsies, positron emission tomography (PET), and 2-D echocardiography, respectively. In the remaining 6 animals, cardiac myocytes were isolated after 1 h of reperfusion for measurement of myocyte contractility and intracellular @entity460 transients. RESULTS: @entity855 levels were higher in the preconditioned @entity6128 region than in the remote region at end of @entity63 (3.17 +/- 0.33 nmol/mg vs 2.59 +/- 0.30 nmol/mg, P = 0.006). Similarly, preconditioned region @entity413 uptake was 40% higher than remote region @entity413 uptake at 2 days postischemia (0.35 +/- 0.06 micromol/min/g vs 0.25 +/- 0.05 micromol/min/g, P = 0.019). There were no differences in regional wall thickening as measured by 2-D echo either immediately following @entity63 or at 2 days. Individual myocyte contractile response to increasing concentrations of extracellular @entity460 was preserved in cells from preconditioned myocardium, but it was severely @entity308 in remote region myocytes. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that regional @entity63 preconditioning prior to prolonged @entity63 protects myocardial @entity413 uptake and myocyte contractile function. The beneficial effects on @entity413 metabolism suggest that preconditioning may have sustained protective effects on cell metabolism.

title: Ischemic preconditioning prior to aortic cross-clamping protects high-energy phosphate levels, XXXX uptake, and myocyte contractility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic', 'LAD ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6128 :: ('MESH:D020243', 'Disease') :: ['left anterior descending artery', 'LAD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: During calender 1968, the septic abortion incidence at a New Dehli hospital was 3.7%. Of these 107 @entity1 , 4 @entity1 were under 20 and 7 over 40. 69.1% were classed as Type I, with infection confined to the uterus. These @entity1 generally responded to early treatment. When curettage was done during the febrile period, 93% remained afebrile. If curettage was performed during the febrile period, 94% continued febrile. 18% were classed as Type II, which included @entity12945 , @entity298 , @entity530 or spread to the adnexae. These @entity1 responded better to curettage after 24-48 hours of antibiotic therapy. 11% of the @entity1 were Type III, with @entity295 . The death rate was 8.4% of the @entity5852 . Treatment with antibiotics before curettage seems to be a more effective means of managing spetic abortion.

title: XXXX and their management.

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['widespread sepsis']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['septic abortions']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic abscess']

entities_list: @entity12945 :: ('MESH:D010249', 'Disease') :: ['parametritis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic peritonitis']

answer: @entity5852 :: (MESH:D000031,Disease) :: ['Septic abortions']


abstract: Prescribing @entity734 ( @entity734 ) in pregnancy is a challenge to the clinician. A multitude of questions arise that must be addressed even prior to conception. In @entity1 with @entity302 , it may be dangerous to stop or even change the AED regimen during pregnancy. Changes could lead to @entity204 in both the mother and the fetus. In the rare cases when discontinuing an AED is plausible, it should be done methodically in consultation with the physician prior to conception. Most @entity1 with @entity302 are consigned to continue their @entity734 before, during and after pregnancy. The metabolism of @entity734 may change drastically during pregnancy. These changes must be addressed by the clinician. Drug levels should be monitored consistently during pregnancy. The risks to the fetus must be delineated in terms of side effects from specific drugs as well as risks from the @entity410 disorder itself. Many @entity734 have well known teratogenic effects, and these must be elucidated to the mother. There are risks (theoretical and evidence based) for @entity532 , poor neonatal outcomes, @entity600 and even cognitive effects on the @entity1 later in life. These risks are addressed in this article with respect to individual @entity734 . Recommendations include but are not limited to preconception counseling, taking @entity1501 pre and post conception, prescribing the most effective AED while minimizing risks, and avoiding polytherapy and valproate if possible.

title: Antiepileptic drugs in @entity1 with XXXX during pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['obstetrical complications']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['proven epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['injury or death']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Animals with chronic cough can have normal bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology when small airway disease is absent. Cytology of a tracheobronchial brushing can detect @entity32 in larger airways; however, evaluation of this technique has been limited in veterinary medicine. OBJECTIVE: To compare airway brush cytology to bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis in @entity235 and @entity468 with chronic cough. ANIMALS: Forty @entity235 and five @entity468 undergoing bronchoscopic investigation of chronic cough. METHODS: Prospective study. Bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage were performed followed by tracheobronchial brushing of central airways. Results of cytologic assessment of BAL fluid and brush cytology were compared for the presence or absence of @entity32 and concordance of inflammatory cell type. RESULTS: Brush cytology detected central airway @entity32 in 34 of 40 (85%) @entity235 with inflammatory BAL fluid. However, the type of @entity32 reported differed in 23 of 34 @entity235 . In five @entity468 with @entity32 in BAL fluid, brush cytology detected @entity32 in four; the type of @entity32 was discordant in all @entity468 . CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Brush cytology has good agreement with BAL regarding the presence of @entity32 , although the type of @entity32 detected with the different sampling techniques commonly varies. Brush cytology can provide supplementary information to BAL, and additional studies will provide further information on the role of tracheobronchial brush cytology in the diagnosis and management of respiratory conditions.

title: Tracheobronchial brush cytology and bronchoalveolar lavage in @entity235 and XXXX with chronic cough: 45 cases (2012-2014).

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity995 is a @entity5 that mainly affects @entity1 under 5  years, all over the world. The origin of these @entity5 is related with mutations in the @entity996 gene, which may result from genetic alterations in cells of the germ line or in retinal somatic cells. In developing countries, the number of @entity995 -related @entity204 is higher due to less access to treatment, unlike what happens in developed countries where survival rates are higher. However, treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, although quite effective in treating this type of @entity5 , do not avoid high indices of mortality due to secondary malignances which are quite frequent in these @entity1 . Additionally, treatments such as cryotherapy, thermotherapy, thermochemotherapy, or brachytherapy represent other options for @entity995 . When all these approaches fail, enucleation is the last option. Photodynamic therapy might be considered as an alternative, particularly because of its non-mutagenic character. Photodynamic therapy is a treatment modality based on the administration of photosensitizing molecules that only upon irradiation of the @entity5 with a light source of appropriate wavelength are activated, triggering its antitumor action. This activity may be not only due to direct damage to @entity5 cells but also due to damage caused to the blood vessels responsible for the vascular supply of the @entity5 . Over the past decades, several in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to assess the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of @entity995 , and very promising results were achieved.

title: XXXX : might photodynamic therapy be an option?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['Retinoblastoma', 'retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['Retinoblastoma']


abstract: AIMS: The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of informed consent forms for clinical trials in medical oncology to assess readability, determine their completeness, and identify any shortcomings. METHODS: Informed consent forms for Phase I-III studies that were conducted at two tertiary care @entity5 centers over a 3-year period were reviewed. Information pertaining to length of the informed consent form, research regimen/methods, treatment agent, potential risks, and benefits was extracted. The reading level was assessed by Flesch-Kincaid and Gunning- @entity6556 index readability tests. RESULTS: All of the 112 informed consent forms clearly stated the voluntary nature of participation. Nearly one half of the forms (51.8%) were of Phase I studies. The median length of informed consent form was 20 pages (range: 8-28). A detailed estimation of the frequency or intensity of risks (range: 3-8 pages) was provided. The average reading level of the informed consent forms was high (Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level of 9.8), which corresponds roughly to 10th-grade reading level. Less than 15% of all consent forms were written at the recommended eighth-grade reading level. A substantial number of forms did not report a potential risk to pregnant/lactating @entity1 (16.9%), mechanism of action of the investigational agent (34.8%), study schema (77.6%), a possibility of receiving sub-therapeutic dose (37%), or @entity204 (12.5%). Nearly one half of the forms (49.1%) stated clearly that individual @entity1 may not benefit. CONCLUSION: Overall, these informed consent forms provided a detailed description of the trials in accordance to international guidelines. However, there remains room for improvement, particularly in areas of readability and document length.

title: How well informed is the informed consent for XXXX clinical trials?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: DIAGNOSIS:                 <AbstractText Label="STANDARDS" NlmCategory="METHODS">There is insufficient evidence to support diagnostic standards. GUIDELINES: There is insufficient evidence to support diagnostic guidelines. OPTIONS: Plain spinal x-rays of the region of injury and computed tomographic scanning with attention to the suspected level of @entity16 to exclude @entity174 are recommended. Magnetic resonance imaging of the region of suspected @entity16 may provide useful diagnostic information. Plain x-rays of the entire spinal column may be considered. Neither spinal angiography nor myelography is recommended in the evaluation of @entity1 with @entity1566 without radiographic abnormality. TREATMENT:                 <AbstractText Label="STANDARDS" NlmCategory="METHODS">There is insufficient evidence to support treatment standards. GUIDELINES: There is insufficient evidence to support treatment guidelines. OPTIONS: External immobilization is recommended until spinal stability is confirmed by flexion/extension x-rays. External immobilization of the spinal segment of injury for up to 12 weeks may be considered. Avoidance of "high-risk" activities for up to 6 months after @entity1566 without radiographic abnormality may be considered. PROGNOSIS:                 <AbstractText Label="STANDARDS" NlmCategory="METHODS">There is insufficient evidence to support prognostic standards. GUIDELINES: There is insufficient evidence to support prognostic guidelines. OPTIONS: Magnetic resonance imaging of the region of @entity16 may provide useful prognostic information about neurological outcome after @entity1566 without radiographic abnormality.

title: XXXX without radiographic abnormality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological injury']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['occult fractures']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['Spinal cord injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: Chemotherapy has improved the @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in @entity1 (pts) with advanced @entity356 (AGC). Docetaxel (D), @entity901 (O) and @entity416 (C) have shown interesting activity in this setting. We defined "suboptimal" pts as those with PS ECOG  =  2, weight loss 10-25  % and/or age >= 70  years. This population is usually underrepresented in AGC clinical trials. METHODS: We explored in 43 previously untreated "suboptimal" AGC pts the effect of "miniDOX" regimen (D: 40  mg/m(2) iv, day 1; O: 80  mg/m(2) iv, day 1; C: 625  mg/m(2) po bid, day 1 to day 21, every 21  days; after six courses, only C was maintained). Primary end point was response rate (RR), and secondary end points were adverse events (AE), progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: @entity1 characteristics: PS ECOG  =  2: 12 pts; weight loss 10-25  %: 23 pts; median age 73.3  years (range 40-87; 28 pts were >= 70  years); 32 males; locally advanced: 8 pts/metastatic: 35 pts; primary site: gastric 32 pts/EGJ 11. Worst AE per pt (grade 3-4): @entity1398 : 5 pts ( @entity1398 : 3); @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ): 4 pts (3 of them suffered @entity944 ); @entity294 : 9 pts; @entity9252 : 2 pts; ictus: 1 pt; @entity177 : 1 pt (this pt suffered @entity281 without @entity1398 and died); @entity8566 : 4 pts and @entity1395 : 5 pts. Response: CR: 1 pt, PR: 23 pts (RR: 56  %), SD: 12 pts, progression: 3 pts, no determined: 4 pts. Median and 1  year actuarial PFS and @entity1349 were 5.5  months/18  % and 13.3  months/52  %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although miniDOX's @entity137 (mainly @entity1151 )has been important, its activity has been promising in "suboptimal" pts with AGC, and this combination should be further investigated in this setting.

title: Phase II trial of miniDOX (reduced dose docetaxel-oxaliplatin-capecitabine) in "suboptimal" XXXX with advanced @entity356 (AGC). TTD 08-02.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity9252 :: ('MESH:D010304', 'Disease') :: ['paronychia']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection/bacteriemia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a new option in the treatment of @entity1318 . It has typically been performed by general surgeons and gastroenterologists familiar with advanced endoscopic procedures. Our objective was to assess the initial experience and outcomes with POEM by a thoracic surgeon. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed of all @entity1 who underwent POEM from October 2012 until December 2014. Pre- and post-POEM evaluation included upper endoscopy, high-resolution manometry, and a timed barium swallow. RESULTS: There were 35 @entity1 (18 @entity1 and 17 @entity1 ), with a median age of 53 years. Based on high-resolution manometry, there were 8 @entity1 (23%) with type I, 21 (60%) with type II, and 5 (14%) with @entity1318 , and 1 @entity1 had @entity101 lower esophageal sphincter. Prior therapy had been performed in 18 @entity1 (51%). The POEM procedure was completed in all but 1 @entity1 . On follow-up, @entity1282 was improved in all @entity1 . The Eckardt score was significantly reduced from 7 before POEM to 0 after POEM (p < 0.0001), and improved similarly for all manometric types of @entity1318 . Post-POEM upper endoscopy showed @entity2910 in 55% of @entity1 , but this condition resolved in all with acid suppression. Timed barium swallow showed a reduction of esophageal retention at 5 minutes from 63% before POEM to 5% after POEM. Ten @entity1 had follow-up at 12 months or greater after POEM and the improvements persisted. CONCLUSIONS: Peroral endoscopic myotomy is a safe and  effective therapy for @entity1318 . It provides reliable and persistent palliation of @entity1282 and objective improvement in esophageal emptying. @entity2910 is common but resolves with acid suppression therapy. @entity1514 surgeons with an interest in @entity1208 and experience with endoscopy are encouraged to adopt the procedure.

title: Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy for XXXX in a @entity1514 Surgical Practice.

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia', 'type III achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis', 'Esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal diseases']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['Achalasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The @entity342 sensitivity of the @entity1 penis has long been appreciated. However, the precise biochemical and structural sequelae of alterations in @entity251 , and the mechanisms thereof, remain to be elucidated. Recently, the @entity342 dependence of @entity35 penile erectile tissue was further clarified at our institution, where the induction of apoptosis was demonstrated in response to castration. In continuity, we report the results of a follow-up study of the regenerative capacity of the regressed, castrated @entity35 penile erectile tissue when @entity251 is replenished. METHODS: Three groups of @entity35 were used: normal control @entity35 , castrated without @entity251 replenishment, and castrated with subsequent @entity251 replenishment. In the third group, castrated @entity35 were given @entity251 and killed at 24-hour intervals over 4 days. Specimens of the penis, small bowel, and prostate were obtained from all animal groups. Immunohistochemical identification of intraperitoneally administered @entity1603 , a @entity1014 analogue, was performed to detect new DNA synthesis. The incorporation of this molecule into high molecular weight nuclear DNA served as a measure of DNA synthesis and, hence, cellular proliferation. RESULTS: @entity251 -replenished castrated @entity35 penile stromal cells, both cavernosal and spongiosal, showed more enhanced proliferative activity than those of both castrated unreplenished and uncastrated control @entity35 . Trichrome staining permitted the differentiation of responsive cell subsets. Various cell types were found to respond to replenished @entity251 , including myocytes, fibrocytes, endothelial cells, and Schwann cells. Pronounced DNA synthesis occurred as early as 48 hours after the replenishment of @entity251 . For purposes of technique validation, sections of small bowel were examined, in which glandular crypt cells would be expected to show rapid turnover. The nuclei of these bowel sections stained in all animal groups throughout the experiment, thus validating the staining technique. The technique of castration and @entity251 replenishment was validated by confirming the known response of @entity35 ventral prostate to @entity342 withdrawal and replenishment. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide evidence that @entity251 induces cellular proliferation and new DNA synthesis in the penile erectile tissue of castrated @entity35 . This response to @entity251 is not limited to one cell type, but rather is multicellular.

title: XXXX induction of DNA synthesis in the @entity35 penis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ["5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine"]

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['Androgen']


abstract: STUDY QUESTION: Are lifestyle factors (smoking, BMI, @entity285 use and oral contraceptive pill use) associated with the @entity1 ovarian reserve as determined by the total ovarian non-growing follicle number? SUMMARY ANSWER: Light to moderate @entity285 use was significantly associated with greater ovarian non-growing follicle (NGF) count, whereas other lifestyle factors were not significantly related. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: A single previous investigation has suggested that smoking and @entity285 use are associated with lower ovarian follicle density. However, this investigation utilized follicle density as the outcome of interest rather than the estimated total ovarian NGF count. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: This cross-sectional investigation included a convenience sample of premenopausal @entity1 from two different academic sites, the University of Washington (n = 37, from 1999-2004) and the University of Oklahoma (n = 73, from 2004-2013), undergoing incidental oophorectomy at the time of hysterectomy (total n = 110, age range 21-52 years). @entity1 /MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Prior to undergoing oophorectomy, @entity1 completed detailed questionnaires regarding lifestyle exposures. Following surgery, total ovarian NGF counts were determined with systematic random sampling rules and a validated fractionator/optical dissector technique. Associations between lifestyle factors and log-transformed ovarian follicle counts were determined using multivariable linear regression. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: After controlling for age, BMI, oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use, @entity286 use and site of collection, cumulative @entity285 use (measured in alcoholic drinks per day multiplied by years of drinking) was associated with ovarian NGF count. @entity1 reporting light (>0 to <1 drink-years) and moderate (1-3 drink-years) @entity285 use had greater NGF counts (b = 0.75, P = 0.04, and b = 1.00, P = 0.03; light and moderate use, respectively) as compared with non-users. Neither heavier @entity285 use (>3 drink-years), BMI, OCP use, nor @entity286 use were significantly associated with the ovarian NGF count. Similar patterns of association with moderate cumulative @entity285 use were observed when evaluating associations with pre-antral follicles and total follicle counts. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: All @entity1 in this convenience sample had a benign indication for hysterectomy, and therefore may not be broadly representative of the population without such an indication. Additionally, lifestyle factors were self-reported, and the sample size of the present investigation limits our ability to detect associations of smaller magnitude. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: While our findings are in disagreement with a single investigation that utilized @entity1 follicle density as the outcome of interest, they are consistent with many studies investigating the relationship between lifestyle factors and the age of spontaneous menopause. Furthermore, they suggest a mechanism that does not involve accelerated follicular @entity1146 to explain the association between smoking and an earlier age of menopause. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS: This investigation was funded by NIA R29-HD37360-04 (N.A.K.) and OCAST HR04-115 (K.R.H.) and by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, Grant 1 U54GM104938 (J.D.P.). There is no conflict of interest.

title: Lifestyle factors associated with histologically derived XXXX ovarian non-growing follicle count in reproductive age @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'human', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity5 is a major public health problem due to the jeavy disease burden, @entity3329 and tendency for increased incidence. Of all @entity5 types, @entity5 is reported to be the fourth most common @entity5 in @entity1 , and the seventh overall, with an estimated 528,000 new cases worldwide in 2012. It features a long preclinical phase with slowly progressing @entity1613 such as CIN 2 and 3 and @entity420 in situ. Therefore, screening programs such as with Pap smear tests may play an important role in @entity5 prevention. The purpose of this study was to present results of a Pap smear screening survey for @entity5 targeting @entity1 living in an urban area in the province of Mersin, located in the Mediterranean region of @entity233 . This community- based descriptive study included @entity1 living at Akdeniz county of Mersin province. A total of 1,032 screened @entity1 between 30 and 65 ages within the routine screening programme constituted the study population. The mean age of the @entity1 was 43.8  8.6 (min. 30, max. 65) years. The percentage of the @entity1 who had previously undergone smears was 40.6%. Epithelial cell changes were found in 26 (2.5%) @entity1 , with @entity938 -US in 18 (1.7%), @entity938 -H in 2 (0.2%), @entity2784 in 5 (0.5%) and @entity2784 in 1 (0.1%). The most common clinical presentation together with epithelial changes was abnormal vaginal discharge. Taking into account the presence of @entity1 who had never undergone Pap test; it should be offered at primary level of health care in the form of a community-based service to achieve reduced morbidity and mortality rates.

title: XXXX Screening in an Early Diagnosis and Screening Center in Mersin, @entity233 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cervical Cancer']


abstract: Circulating @entity251 (T) and GH/ @entity442 are diminished in healthy aging @entity1 . Short-term administration of high doses of T augments GH secretion in older @entity1 . However, effects of long-term, low-dose T supplementation on GH secretion are unknown. Our objective was to evaluate effects of long-term, low-dose T administration on nocturnal GH secretory dynamics and AM concentrations of @entity442 and @entity2301 in healthy older @entity1 (65-88 yr, n = 34) with low-normal T and @entity442 . In a double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized study we assessed effects of low-dose T supplementation (100 mg im every 2 wk) for 26 wk on nocturnal GH secretory dynamics [8 PM to 8 AM, Q(20) min sampling, analyzed by multiparameter deconvolution and approximate entropy (ApEn) algorithms]. The results were that T administration increased serum total T by 33% (P = 0.004) and E(2) by 31% (P = 0.009) and decreased @entity443 by 17% (P = 0.002) vs. placebo. T supplementation increased nocturnal integrated GH concentrations by 60% (P = 0.02) and pulsatile GH secretion by 79% (P = 0.05), primarily due to a twofold increase in GH secretory burst mass (P = 0.02) and a 1.9-fold increase in basal GH secretion rate (P = 0.05) vs. placebo. There were no significant changes in GH burst frequency or orderliness of GH release (ApEn). @entity442 levels increased by 22% (P = 0.02), with no significant change in @entity2301 levels after T vs. placebo. We conclude that low-dose T supplementation for 26 wk increases spontaneous nocturnal GH secretion and morning serum @entity442 concentrations in healthy older @entity1 .

title: Long-term @entity251 supplementation augments overnight growth hormone secretion in healthy older XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Study Design Case report. Background @entity924 ( @entity924 ) in runners is characterized by @entity158 with passive @entity572 with the knee extended, active hip extension, and @entity158 with sitting. Relatively little literature exists on the condition and publications on non-surgical treatment protocols are even more scarce. Surgical intervention, which comprises the majority of literature for treatment of this condition, is an option for cases that fail to respond to non-surgical treatment. Case Description The @entity1 was a 34-year old otherwise healthy male triathlete with unilateral @entity924 diagnosed by ultrasound, who had @entity158 only with running and prolonged sitting. After he failed to respond to 4 weeks of eccentric knee flexion and core strengthening exercises, an eccentric hip extensors strengthening program using a treadmill was initiated. This exercise was performed on a daily basis, in addition to a lumbopelvic musculature strengthening program. Outcomes The @entity1 noted a decrease in @entity158 within 2 weeks of initiating the new exercise, was able to return to gradual running in 4 weeks, and speed training in 12 weeks. He returned to competition shortly thereafter and has not had a recurrence 12 months post-therapy-initiation. His score on the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Proximal Hamstring Tendons (VISA-H) improved from 23 on initial presentation to 83 at 12 weeks post-therapy-initiation. Discussion We describe the management of a triathlete with subacute @entity924 , who responded well to non-surgical treatment using eccentric hip extension strengthening using a treadmill. Level of Evidence Therapy, Level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, Epub 21 May 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5762.

title: Conservative Treatment of Subacute XXXX Using Eccentric Exercises Performed With a Treadmill: A Case Report.

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['PHT', 'Proximal hamstring tendinopathy']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip flexion']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy']


abstract: Liver transplant (LT) improves daily function and cognition in @entity82 but a subset can remain impaired. Unfavorable microbiota or @entity6636 is observed in @entity82 but the effect of LT on microbial composition; especially with poor post-LT cognition, is unclear. AIMS: (1) determine the effect of LT on gut microbiota and (b) to determine whether gut microbiota are associated with @entity73 post-LT. We enrolled outpatient cirrhotics on the LT list and followed them till 6 months post-LT. Cognition ( @entity99 score, PHES), quality of life (HRQOL) and stool microbiota (multi-tagged sequencing for diversity and taxa) was performed at both visits. Persistent @entity73 was defined as a stable/worsening PHES. Both pre/post-LT data were compared with age-matched healthy controls. We enrolled 45 @entity1 (56  7 years, MELD 26  8). They received LT 6  3 months after enrollment and were re-evaluated 7  2 months post-LT with a stable course. A significantly improved HRQOL, PHES, with increase in microbial diversity, increase in autochthonous and decrease in potentially pathogenic taxa, were seen post-LT compared to baseline. However, there was continued @entity6636 and @entity73 post-LT compared to controls in 29% who did not improve PHES post-LT. In these, Proteobacteria relative abundance was significantly higher and Firmicutes were lower post-LT while the reverse occurred in the group that improved. Delta PHES was negatively correlated with delta Proteobacteria and positively with delta Firmicutes. CONCLUSIONS: LT improves gut microbiota diversity and @entity6636 compared to pre-LT baseline but residual @entity6636 remains compared to controls. There is cognitive and HRQOL enhancement in general post-LT but a higher Proteobacteria relative abundance change is associated with post-transplant @entity73 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Liver Transplant Modulates Gut Microbial Dysbiosis and Cognitive Function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'HRQOL/cognitive impairment', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6636 :: ('MESH:D064806', 'Disease') :: ['dysbiosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Psychometric hepatic encephalopathy']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['Cirrhosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1751 is a chronic inflammatory disease of the cutis with furuncles, @entity292 , and abscesses. The disease is mostly located in groin and axilla. As conservative treatment can usually not prevent recurrence, surgical treatment is the method of choice. METHODS: We report on 20 @entity1 with @entity1751 . The inflammatory region was excised in a rhomboid shape and immediately covered with a transposition flap according to Limberg. Postoperatively, all patients received antibiotic treatment and immobilization of the arm. Physiotherapy started after 2 weeks. RESULTS: No flap complications occurred. The functional and aesthetic results were very satisfactory. Movement of shoulder showed no restrictions. A recurrence with single @entity292 was seen in 3 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Conservative treatment of @entity6691 suppurativa is followed by a high rate of recurrence. Only radical debridement offers a cure. The therapy of choice is the radical excision of the affected region and immediate coverage with a flap. Open granulation or split skin grafting often results in a prolonged hospitalization, higher morbidity, and functional problems. Thus, open granulation is inferior to primary closure by a transposition flap. Using the Limberg flap, the donor site is allowed to be closed primarily.

title: XXXX : a further option for surgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity1751 :: ('MESH:D017497', 'Disease') :: ['axillary hidradenitis suppurativa', 'Hidradenitis suppurativa']

entities_list: @entity6691 :: ('MESH:D016575', 'Disease') :: ['hidradenitis']

answer: @entity1751 :: (MESH:D017497,Disease) :: ['Axillary hidradenitis suppurativa']


abstract: The prevalence of resistance to antibiotics was examined among 318 @entity328 strains isolated during 1998 and 1999 in a @entity1 's hospital in Athens. The rate of resistance to @entity114 was 25.8% (intermediate 22%, resistant 3.8%); 42.5% of the strains were resistant to > or = 1 antibiotic and 20% were multidrug resistant. Resistance to @entity114 was lowest in invasive strains (8.3%) and highest in ear isolates (31%). A review of the same microbiology laboratory's records revealed that there has been a gradual increase in @entity114 resistance since 1988-1989, when it was 5%. Capsular types were determined for 77 strains resistant to > or = 1 antibiotic, and 69 (90%) of them belonged to the following five serotypes: 19F, 14, 9V, 23F, and 6B. Seventy-five strains were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and 59/75 (79%) shared five electrophoretic types. The largest cluster consisted of 19 serotype 19F strains, of which 18 were nonsusceptible to @entity114 and most were multidrug resistant and shared a common and distinct electrophoretic pattern not resembling any known clone. A group of 17 strains that were nonsusceptible to @entity114 belonged to serotypes 9V (10), 14 (6), and @entity25279 (1) and shared a common PFGE type similar to the international clone Spain9V-3. Seven serotype 23F strains, of which five were multidrug resistant, belonged to the international clone Spain23F-1. Among the strains susceptible to @entity114 but resistant to non- @entity3405 antibiotics, the largest cluster consisted of 13 isolates resistant to @entity2929 that belonged to serotype 14 and shared an electrophoretic pattern characteristic of the clone England14-9. Finally, three serotype 6B strains were @entity114 susceptible and multidrug resistant and had features similar to the Mediterranean 6B clone. The introduction and spread of several antibiotic-resistant international clones accounts at least in part for the increase in pneumococcal resistance observed in recent years in the Athens metropolitan area.

title: Genetic relatedness of resistant and multiresistant XXXX strains, recovered in the Athens area, to international clones.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: Clinical complications of @entity731 are often triggered by the rupture of unstable plaques, while thinning of the @entity731 vessel wall owing to elastin and collagen degradation and media @entity39 may result in @entity439 formation and @entity548 . Proteolysis, mediated via the plasminogen/plasmin and/or matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) systems may contribute to neovascularization and @entity397 , or to ulceration and rupture of @entity439 . In an in vivo model of @entity731 , using @entity19 that had a combined deficiency of @entity6970 ( @entity6970 ) and @entity16372 ( @entity16372 ) and that were maintained on a @entity165 -rich diet, it was observed that @entity16372 deficiency protects against @entity439 formation. This was explained by the findings that plasmin, generated from plasminogen by @entity16372 , activates several macrophage-secreted proMMPs (e.g. @entity1235 , -12 and -13), which in turn cause extracellular matrix degradation. A potential role for @entity18238 (stromelysin-1) was confirmed in a subsequent study using @entity19 with a combined deficiency of @entity6970 and @entity18238 , that were kept on a @entity165 -rich diet. The results suggest that @entity18238 contributes to plaque destabilization, possibly by degrading extracellular matrix components, but also promotes @entity439 formation by degrading the elastic lamina. These effects may be mediated by @entity18238 directly or by activation of other proMMPs or other (proteolytic) systems. A functional role of MMPs is further supported by the finding that deficiency in @entity5779 ) reduces @entity731 size but enhances @entity439 formation. Taken together, these results suggest that @entity16372 has an important role in the structural integrity of the @entity731 vessel wall, which is likely to involve triggering the activation of MMPs and, furthermore, they suggest that increased @entity16372 levels are a risk factor for @entity439 formation.

title: Extracellular proteolysis in the development and progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5779 :: ('21857(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of MMPs type 1']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of plaques']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity16372 :: ('18792(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase-type plasminogen activator', 'u-PA']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Intraoperative awareness refers that @entity1 can recall aspects of their surgery after being put under general anesthesia. This distressing complication causes affected @entity1 to be conscious and probably feel @entity158 , leading to emotional @entity130 or other sequelae. Monitoring and administrating the depth of anesthesia is necessary to prevent @entity1 from awareness during a medical operation. In this paper, we analyzed the electroencephalograms (EEGs) of @entity1 to characterize their anesthesia. The data set, "awareness" and "anesthesia" groups, each contained 558 samples, including @entity1 who had undergone different types of surgeries. METHODS: EEG signals acquired from @entity1 in an aware state or under anesthesia were decomposed into a set of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) through @entity15131 ( @entity15131 ). Fast Fourier transform (FFT) and @entity4383 ( @entity4383 ) analyses were then performed on each IMF to determine the frequency spectra. The probability distributions of expected values of frequencies were generated for the same IMF in the two groups of @entity1 . The corresponding statistical data, including analysis of variance tests, were also calculated. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to identify optimal frequency value to discriminate between the two states of consciousness. RESULTS: The frequencies of the IMFs for aware @entity1 were found to be higher than those for anesthetized @entity1 . The optimal frequency threshold by using FFT (or @entity4383 ) for @entity3820 was 21.08 (or 25.00) Hz. @entity3820 performed the highest with respect to the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.993 for FFT (or 0.989 for @entity4383 ); hence it can be applied as a useful classifier to distinguish between fully anesthetized @entity1 and aware @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This paper proposes a method for identifying whether @entity1 ' state of consciousness during a range of surgery types is "under anesthesia" or "aware." Our method involves using EEG to characterize the depth of anesthesia through two frequency analysis techniques. On the basis of our analyses, we conclude that the performance of @entity3820 is satisfactory in distinguishing between @entity1 ' states of consciousness during surgery requiring general anesthesia.

title: Comparison of FFT and marginal spectra of EEG using XXXX to monitor anesthesia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['Hilbert transform', 'HT']

entities_list: @entity15131 :: ('MESH:C537734', 'Disease') :: ['empirical mode decomposition', 'EMD']

answer: @entity15131 :: (MESH:C537734,Disease) :: ['empirical mode decomposition']


abstract: As whole flaxseed is beneficial in the treatment of experimental @entity8 , we undertook a study to determine whether previously documented benefits of whole flaxseed could be reproduced with dietary low- @entity24829 flax oil (FO), a rich source of @entity7461 , in experimental @entity8 . Male offspring of Han:SPRD-cy heterozygous @entity35 were fed a synthetic diet containing FO or @entity4336 oil (CO) for 8 wk from the time of weaning. @entity8 , @entity82 , proliferation, cystic change, and oxidized-LDL were assessed morphometrically. @entity99 was assessed using GC. FO feeding produced hepatic and renal enrichment of n-3 @entity5204 and an increase in C18:>C18 @entity5204 ratios (18- @entity505 @entity5204 compared to longer-chain @entity5204 ), with a reduction in proportion of hepatic long-chain @entity5204 . The FO-based diet was associated with lower mean cystic change by 29.7% (P = 0.018), @entity82 by 21.7% (P = 0.017), macrophage infiltration by 31.5% (P < 0.0001), epithelial proliferation by 18.7% (P = 0.0035), and ox-LDL detection by 31.4% (P < 0.0001) in Han:SPRD-cy heterozygotes. Serum @entity1011 was significantly lower in FO-fed diseased animals. A small hypocholesterolemic effect was noted in all animals fed FO. FO feeding moderates @entity8 , modifies the profile of substrates available for elongation to eicosanoid precursors, and inhibits the elongation of C18 @entity5204 in this model. The consumption of FO-based products may prove a more practical way of obtaining health benefit than attempts to increase dietary content of unrefined seed.

title: Dietary flax oil reduces @entity8 , oxidized LDL content, and tissue n-6/n-3 FA ratio in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic kidney disease', 'renal injury', 'Renal inflammation', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic and renal lipid composition']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity7461 :: ('MESH:D017962', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-linolenic acid']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['polycystic kidney disease']


abstract: Activated prothrombin complex concentrates have been used to treat @entity548 episodes for @entity1 who have developed an inhibitor to @entity2801 ( @entity2801 ). FEIBA-Vh ( @entity2801 bypassing activity, FEIBA) has been used since 1970 for this purpose and with @entity2801 for immune tolerance programmes. Studies have not been presented to show the safety and efficacy of FEIBA when given over a long period of time to prevent @entity2720 with @entity548 into the joints of these @entity1 . This study was undertaken to ascertain the outcome of @entity2720 with FEIBA prophylaxis. Data were collected on seven @entity1 with known long-standing high-titre @entity2801 inhibitors given FEIBA prophylaxis for 3-6(1/2) years. @entity1 were given 50-100 units of FEIBA three to four times weekly. A functional joint evaluation revealed some degree of @entity2720 already present in all @entity1 at time of prophylaxis initiation. Safety was measured by medical status, evidence of @entity715 , life-threatening @entity548 and inhibitor titre. Efficacy was measured for joint outcome by a functional physical therapeutic scale. At the conclusion of the study, efficacy was mixed as all of the joints for which the @entity1 were placed on prophylaxis had progressed and developed @entity603 . Two @entity1 had a functional improvement in their @entity2720 , and all were functional enough to attend regular school. The product was deemed safe for long-term use, as there were no complications of therapy with no @entity715 , no life-threatening @entity548 episodes and no anamnesis caused by FEIBA alone. Inhibitor titres fell in all @entity1 over the course of the study. Total product usage ranged from approximately 9373-15,571 U kg(-1) year(-1). FEIBA is safe for long-term prophylaxis when given in the recommended dosage for an extended period of time. Efficacy to prevent @entity2720 could not be seen as all @entity1 had some degree of @entity2720 at time of prophylaxis initiation. An additional study needs to be performed using FEIBA before @entity2720 has developed.

title: Long-term FEIBA prophylaxis does not prevent progression of existing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilic arthropathy', 'arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['joint disease']


abstract: Standard total pancreatectomy (TP) combined with gastric resection often results in uncontrollable @entity6 and @entity3147 . Pylorus-preserving total pancreatectomy (PPTP) and standard TP for @entity788 were compared in terms of operative outcomes, nutritional recovery, and long-term survival. Twenty-four @entity1 with @entity1124 (n = 14) or @entity1377 (N = 10) underwent PPTP (n = 10) or standard TP (n = 14). There were no significant differences in age, gender, or @entity5 type or stage between the @entity40178 and standard TP groups. Early (within 30 days of surgery) morbidity and mortality rates were 20% and 0% for PPTP and 29% and 7% for standard TP, respectively. @entity356 occurred in 2 @entity1 in each group. The incidence of late complications, including uncontrollable @entity6 , @entity294 , and @entity3147 , tended to be lower after PPTP (30%) than after standard TP (69%). Serum albumin and body weight at 6 months after surgery were significantly higher in the PPTP than in the standard TP group. Regardless of the @entity5 type, long-term survival did not differ significantly between @entity1 receiving PPTP and those with standard TP. PPTP for @entity788 improves nutritional recovery, without compromising long-term survival, compared with standard TP.

title: Pylorus-preserving total pancreatectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Delayed gastric emptying']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Restoration of patency in the carotid arteries is one of the most frequently performed operations in vascular surgery. One of the most important issues occurring both shortly and long after endarterectomy of the carotid arteries is their recurring @entity850 . At present, in spite of well-developed image diagnostics and knowledge of the mechanisms of creation of @entity731 , the mechanism of creation of restenoses still remains unclear. @entity1 with internal carotid artery @entity731 experience decreased elasticity of the intima-media complex and consequently increased stiffness of the vessel wall. The measurement of elasticity of carotid artery may become in the future a marker for the development of post-surgical @entity850 occurring after endarterectomy both of the carotid artery and other peripheral vessels. AIM: Assessment of the elasticity of the carotid artery walls as a prognostic factor for the occurrence of @entity256 after surgical narrowing of the common carotid artery. METHODS:: 180 @entity1 selected on the basis of standard, ultrasound-based recommendations, had a classic endarterectomy of the carotid artery performed. The phenomenon of @entity256 was examined using ultrasound techniques 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after the surgery. The measurement of elasticity of the carotid arteries was performed using a device called Vascular Echo Doppler, randomizing @entity1 into two groups, established on the basis of the occurrence (or non-occurrence) of @entity256 . RESULTS:: Group I (without @entity256 ) consisted of 156 @entity1 (86.6%), group II (with @entity256 ) consisted of 24 @entity1 (13.4%). 3 and 6 months after the surgery an increase of the elasticity of vessel walls (coefficient a) was observed in both groups, but the differences in the elasticity of the carotid arteries were not significant. 12 months after the surgery all the @entity1 from group II (with @entity256 ) had a significantly increased value of coefficient a as compared to @entity1 from group I (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:: The decrease of elasticity of the carotid artery walls measured using coefficient a can be associated with the process leading to the occurrence of @entity256 after the surgery. Further research is required in order to confirm the conclusions presented in this paper and to explain the potential mechanisms of this phenomenon.

title: [Elasticity of the carotid artery walls as a prognostic factor for the occurrence of XXXX after surgical narrowing of the common carotid artery.]

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['restenosis']


abstract: We performed a retrospective study of @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) admitted to hospital during a one-year period to describe characteristics associated with a poor outcome. There were 348 episodes of hospitalization of 223 individuals. The cause of admission was clinical flare of @entity1252 (58%), @entity281 (37%) and @entity1031 (8%). Readmission occurred in 35.8% and was associated with: active @entity1310 (HR 2.53, P < 0.01), flare of lupus (HR 2.0, P < 0.01) and more @entity12169 criteria (HR 1.34 per extra criteria, P < 0.01). Individuals with multiple reasons for admission had a longer duration of stay [one = four days (2, 6), two = five days (3, 7) and three = 9.5 days (6.5, 14.5), P < 0.01]. There were 11 @entity204 (3.2% of admissions). The @entity204 were due to @entity281 in nine cases (four with concurrent active @entity1252 ). In multivariate modelling, the main predictors of @entity204 were: previous multiple admissions (OR 12.4, P < 0.01), the presence of @entity281 (OR 7.3, P < 0.01) and younger age (OR 0.93 per increase of one year, P = 0.03). The presence of active @entity1988 and @entity66 makes readmission more likely and individuals with multiple problems at the time of admission have longer hospital stays. Young @entity1 with frequent readmissions and coexistent @entity281 are most likely to die.

title: Hospitalization of individuals with XXXX : characteristics and predictors of outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multisystem disease']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Porcine neonatal islet-like cell clusters (NICC) are being considered as a source of b-cell replacement. However, the lag time to full function due to hormonal immaturity remains a problem. This study aimed to determine whether time in culture was important for NICC function in vivo. METHODS: Neonatal islet-like cell clusters were isolated from piglets aged between 1 and 3  days, and cultured for up to 27  days post-isolation. Each week, NICC number, viability, and function were determined. RESULTS: Neonatal islet-like cell clusters cultured for 12, 19, and 27  days achieved normal blood @entity413 levels at 46  days (85% of animals), 32  days (100% of animals), and 35  days (81% of animals), respectively. By comparison, standard 6-day culture took a mean of 63  days to achieve normoglycemia in 35% of animals. Longer time in culture resulted in a significant loss of islet equivalent over time. However, @entity2690 gene expression levels were significantly higher at days 12, 19, 27 compared to day 6. Glucagon gene expression was highest at day 12, and significantly higher than day 6 at all time points. @entity588 gene expression increased over time, and tissue factor (TF) gene expression was highest on day 6 and then decreased over the remaining time points. CONCLUSION: Culture of NICC for 12  days provides the best balance in vivo functional outcome for transplantation, shown by better reversal of @entity6 , and higher levels of gene expression for @entity2690 , glucagon and @entity588 and lower levels of TF expression with acceptable NICC number loss in terms of time and expense.

title: Long-term cultured neonatal islet cell clusters demonstrate better outcomes for reversal of XXXX : in vivo and molecular profiles.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Infection is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant recipients. It may occur at different periods after transplantation. We report four cases of @entity5880 due to @entity5132 (CA) in renal transplant recipients occurring early after kidney transplantation. CASE REPORTS: Four @entity1 (three @entity1 , one @entity1 ) aged from 24 to 55 years who underwent cadaveric renal transplantation from three different donors developed a @entity5880 at 9 to 90 days after transplantation. In all cases @entity439 were located at the anastomosis between the renal graft artery and the @entity1029 . The clinical presentations were fever in three cases, including @entity884 in one @entity1 or deterioration of graft function in two cases and @entity548 secondary to a @entity8 in the fourth case, which led to death. The @entity438 was discovered at autopsy. The diagnosis of a @entity5880 was based on morphological investigations: echotomography, spiral computed tomography, and arteriography. In all cases bacteriological studies (blood culture, culture of the aneurysmal wall and content) isolated CA. In three @entity1 CA was isolated from the preservation solution; it was of the same phenotype as the one isolated from the @entity439 in one recipient. Antifungal therapy was started in @entity1 who lived, but all kidney transplants had to be removed. Anatomical results of arterial reconstructions were satisfactory in all cases and remained so during the follow-up. CONCLUSION: The insidious presentation and clinical course of @entity5880 due to CA require a high degree of suspicion to make the correct diagnosis.

title: @entity8 secondary to XXXX in four kidney allograft recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5880 :: ('MESH:D000785', 'Disease') :: ['mycotic aneurysm', 'mycotic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured renal artery']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['arterial aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1029 :: ('MESH:D017543', 'Disease') :: ['iliac axis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: In the present work responses of @entity7136 ( @entity7136 ) head kidney-derived neutrophils to the blood parasite T. borreli, and the consequences of these responses for parasite survival and other host response mechanisms, were studied. In co-cultures of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) with viable and lysed T. borreli a prominent shape change of neutrophilic granulocytes towards increased size and complexity was observed. In addition, the longevity of neutrophils in vitro was prolonged in the presence of T. borreli antigens. In these cultures, neutrophils also exhibited an increased phagocytosis activity. An up regulation of the production of @entity842 (NO) and reactive @entity26 species (ROS) was observed in T. borreli- and mitogen-stimulated @entity8 cultures. However, addition of live, fluorescence-labelledT. borreli to previously stimulated @entity8 cultures, revealed neither killing nor phagocytosis of the parasite by activated neutrophils. Moreover, viable T. borreli, when added to @entity8 cultures of infected @entity7136 , reduced their phagocytosis activity and NO production. Supernatants of co-cultures between T. borreli and @entity8 also contained mediators, which suppressed a mitogen-induced proliferative response of peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) in vitro. Thus, while T. borreli itself appeared not to be sensitive to responses of activated neutrophils, the flagellates interferes with the production of immunomodulatory signals of these cells, probably resulting in a partial immunosuppression, which may favour the parasite development in vivo.

title: Head kidney neutrophils of XXXX ( @entity7136 L.) are functionally modulated by the haemoflagellateTrypanoplasma borreli.

entities_list: @entity7136 :: ('7962', 'Species') :: ['carp', 'Cyprinus carpio']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['head kidney leucocytes', 'HKL']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity7136 :: (7962,Species) :: ['carp']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In a @entity742 semilunar bone model, we investigated whether collapse in the intercalar bones lacking bony support could be prevented by the injection of acrylic bone cement. METHODS: The study included 16 limbs of eight @entity742 . Preoperatively, anteroposterior and lateral views of the @entity2720 in the fore limbs were obtained. The animals were divided into four groups. In group 1 (n=3) no surgical procedure was performed in the right semilunar bones, whereas the periosteum on the contralateral side was elevated (group 2; n=3). The first two groups were left as controls. In Group 3 (n=5) the left semilunar bones were filled with acrylic bone cement following decancellation of the bone, while the right semilunar bones were left decancellated (group 4; n=5). The @entity742 were monitored for three months. Radiographs of the @entity2720 were obtained to evaluate collapse occurrence in the semilunar bones. Thereafter, the animals were sacrificed and the semilunar bones were excised for biomechanical and histological examinations. @entity2530 and @entity16 were sought and resistance to compressive forces was investigated. RESULTS: Radiologically, the extent of collapse was statistically significant in the semilunar bones in group 4 (p<0.05). The use of acrylic bone cement was found to prevent collapse in group 3, with no significant difference being noted between preoperative and @entity86 (p>0.05). Biomechanically, the least resistance to compressive forces was measured in group 4 (p<0.05). Histologically, @entity16 and @entity2530 were only seen in group 4. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the use of acrylic bone cement prevents collapse in the semilunar bones, without inducing any @entity16 or @entity2530 .

title: [The injection of acrylic bone cement prevents bone collapse in the intercalar bones lacking bony support: an experimental XXXX semilunar bone model].

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage damage']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative semilunar bone heights']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['carpal joints']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['Osteonecrosis', 'osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: During the course of a collaborative study initiated in investigate the relationship of @entity0 and the use of hormones, it was possible to study the possible relationship of rauwolfia derivatives, mainly @entity2515 , to @entity0 . Interviews were administered to @entity0 @entity1 admitted to five hospitals in the Baltimore metropolitan area. The study of @entity2515 use was conducted for a period of approximately one and a half years and information on @entity2515 use was obtained on 164 @entity0 cases. Each case was matched with a control with respect to age, color, hospital of admission, and admission date. An additional set of controls was drawn from @entity1 residing in the same neighborhood as the cases. Neither @entity2515 , @entity12833 , nor @entity7206 were found to be significantly associated with @entity0 . The exclusion from the analysis of hospital controls with a diagnosis of @entity101 disease and their matched cases did not significantly alter the results. Those cases who used @entity2515 , used more for longer periods of time than did the controls, however this was judged inconclusive due to a considerable amount of missing data. After comparison of these results with previously reported studies, it did not appear that @entity2515 was strongly associated with @entity0 . However, because of methodological problems and differences between the studies, a possible small overall relationship could not be definitely excluded.

title: Rauwolfia derivatives and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

entities_list: @entity12833 :: ('MESH:D008750', 'Chemical') :: ['methyldopa']

entities_list: @entity7206 :: ('MESH:D049971', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazides']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to assess the long-term safety and durability of effect for endoscopic full-thickness plication for the treatment of symptomatic @entity354 ( @entity354 ). The Plicator (NDO Surgical, Inc., Mansfield, MA) used delivers a transmural suture through the gastric @entity418 to restructure the antireflux barrier. Published reports have shown the Plicator procedure to be effective in reducing @entity354 symptoms and medication use at 1 year post-plication. METHODS: Twenty-nine @entity1 with chronic heartburn requiring maintenance daily anti-secretory therapy were treated at five sites. @entity1 received a single full-thickness plication in the gastric @entity418 1cm below the gastroesophageal junction (GE) junction. Re-treatments were not permitted. @entity1 were evaluated at baseline for @entity354 symptoms and medication use. Intermediate (12 month) and long-term subject follow-up (median follow-up: 36.4 months; range, 31.2-43.9 months) were completed to evaluate procedure safety and durability of effect. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 completed the 12-month and 36-month follow-up. All procedure-related adverse events occurred acutely, and no new events were observed during extended follow-up. At 36-months post-procedure, 57% (16/28) of baseline proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-dependent @entity1 remained off daily PPI therapy. Treatment effect remained stable from 12- to 36-months, with 21/29 @entity1 off daily PPI at 12 months compared to 17/29 @entity1 at 36-months. Median @entity354 - Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) scores remained significantly improved at 36 months versus baseline off-meds scores (8 versus 19, p < 0.001). In addition, the proportion of @entity1 achieving > or = 50% improvement in @entity354 -HRQL score was consistent from 12 months (59%) to 36 months (55%). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic full-thickness plication can reduce @entity354 symptoms and medication use for at least 3-years post-procedure. Treatment effect is stable from 1 to 3 years, and there are no long-term procedural adverse effects.

title: Endoscopic full-thickness plication for the treatment of XXXX : long-term multicenter results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['GERD']


abstract: Increased levels of glucose uptake and increased expression of the glucose transporter (GLUT) genes are characteristic features of @entity5 . In the muscle-derived @entity3943 ( @entity3943 ), a chromosomal translocation t(2:13) generates the @entity22284 /forkhead homolog in @entity980 ( @entity4012 ) oncoprotein. In muscle tissues, glucose transport is primarily mediated by @entity2368 . However, the mechanisms that regulate @entity2368 gene expression in @entity5 tissues are largely unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the role of @entity22284 / @entity4012 in the regulation of @entity2368 gene expression in muscle tumorigenesis. @entity2368 mRNA and protein were detected in @entity3943 -derived @entity1 biopsies and in @entity3943 -derived @entity6668 myoblasts, which both express the @entity22284 / @entity4012 chimeric protein, but not in either C2C12 or @entity2875 -derived myoblasts. @entity2368 was functionally active in @entity6668 cells, because insulin induced a 1.4-fold stimulation of basal 2-deoxyglucose uptake rates. Coexpression of @entity22284 / @entity4012 increased basal transcriptional activity from a @entity2368 promoter reporter ( @entity2368 -P) in C2C12, SaOS-2, and @entity3569 ovary-K1 cells in a dose-dependent and tissue-specific manner. @entity22284 / @entity4012 mutants with deletions in either the homeodomain (DeltaHD) or the @entity4012 -derived activation domain (DeltaFKHR), or in which the @entity22284 -derived @entity13635 ( @entity13635 ) was point-mutated ( @entity13635 - @entity63220 ), were unable to activate @entity2368 -P. Progressive 5'-deletion analysis of @entity2368 -P further identified a specific region of the promoter, -66/+163 bp, which retained about 65% of the full transactivation effect. EMSA studies established that the @entity22284 / @entity4012 protein directly and specifically binds to this region and to a shorter fragment, -4/+36 bp, that contains potential binding sites for @entity2033 and @entity13635 , but not to a -4/+36-bp fragment whose @entity2033 and @entity13635 sites have been mutated. Thus, the functional interaction of @entity22284 / @entity4012 with @entity2368 -P appears to require all of the functional domains of @entity22284 / @entity4012 , as well as a -4/+36-bp region within the @entity2368 promoter. Taken together, the data suggest that the @entity2368 gene is a downstream target of @entity22284 / @entity4012 and that @entity2368 is aberrantly transactivated by this oncoprotein both in vivo and in vitro.

title: XXXX /forkhead homolog in @entity980 oncoprotein activates glucose transporter 4 gene expression in vivo and in vitro.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2875 :: ('MESH:D018233', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity63220 :: ('p|SUB|R|56|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R56L']

entities_list: @entity3943 :: ('MESH:D018232', 'Disease') :: ['tumor alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma', 'ARMS']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

entities_list: @entity13635 :: ('MESH:C537238', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'paired domain']

answer: @entity22284 :: (5077,Gene) :: ['PAX3']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical and hemodynamic outcomes after isolated first-time @entity291 @entity1150 (cDVT). METHODS: This retrospective clinical study was set in an academic referral center. From 1990 to 1994, 617 @entity1 were seen with acute @entity11942 . This number included 82 @entity1 with phlebographically confirmed cDVT. Of those @entity1 , 50 attended the clinical assessment 6 to 10 years (mean, 8.4 years) after the acute event. All @entity1 with cDVT underwent treatment with anticoagulant therapy (96% heparin and @entity1229 , 4% only @entity1229 ). The duration of the heparin treatment was 4.0 to 8.0 days (mean, 6.4 days), and @entity1229 was given for 2.0 to 7.5 months (mean, 3.4 months). Compression stockings were used regularly (mean, 9.2 months; range, 0.25 to 64 months) in 30% of the @entity1 after acute cDVT. The initial ipsilateral phlebograms were reevaluated to confirm the diagnosis of cDVT without popliteal involvement. The clinical assessment included evaluation of both legs according to CEAP clinical classification C0-6. Bilateral color-flow duplex scan imaging was performed to assess reflux in deep popliteal segments. Photoplethysmographic measurement of venous refilling time was conducted in both legs to observe deep reflux. RESULTS: The mean age was 57 years (range, 30 to 76 years) at the time of the clinical assessment. Cause of acute cDVT was idiopathy in 52%, @entity1003 in 2%, @entity130 in 10%, immobilization in 22%, and postoperative in 14% of the cases. During the follow-up period, seven recurrent DVTs (14%) were seen. In the clinical assessment, 17 legs (34%) with previous cDVT had skin changes (CEAP C4-6). No active @entity1066 were found. Contralaterally, the frequency of C4-6 was 10% (n = 5; P <.05). After exclusion of recurrent DVTs, the distribution of the clinical classification still remained the same. Deep popliteal reflux was detected in 20 legs (40%) with previous cDVT. Contralaterally, popliteal reflux was seen in nine cases (18%; P <.05). Plethysmography showed deep reflux in 16 legs (33%) with cDVT and in nine cases (18%) contralaterally (P >.05). A significant association was found between deep popliteal reflux and skin changes (P <.05). CONCLUSION: In the long-term follow-up, cDVT may lead to significant @entity2979 . Reflux in the primarily uninvolved popliteal vein is frequent and may be associated with more severe disease.

title: XXXX after isolated @entity291 @entity1150 : the role of popliteal reflux.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2979 :: ('MESH:D054070', 'Disease') :: ['postthrombotic disease']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity2979 :: (MESH:D054070,Disease) :: ['Postthrombotic syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4495 ( @entity10611 ) is a post-translational modification resulting in the attachment of modified proteins to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. Tissue culture experiments have shown @entity10611 -anchored proteins ( @entity10611 -APs) to be targeted to the apical membrane of epithelial cells. However, the in vivo importance of this targeting has not been investigated since null mutations in @entity10611 biosynthesis enzymes in @entity19 result in very early @entity2085 . Missense mutations in the @entity1 @entity10611 biosynthesis enzyme @entity47943 are associated with a multiple @entity600 with a high frequency of @entity1963 and @entity8 . However, it is currently unknown how these phenotypes are linked to @entity47943 function. Here, we identify a temperature-sensitive hypomorphic allele of @entity47943 in @entity2199 , @entity47943 -1(qm34), enabling us to study the role of @entity10611 -APs in development. At the restrictive temperature we found a 75% reduction in @entity10611 -APs at the surface of embryonic cells. Consequently, ~80% of @entity47943 -1(qm34) embryos arrested development during the elongation phase of morphogenesis, exhibiting internal cysts and/or surface @entity397 . Closer examination of the defects revealed them all to be the result of breaches in epithelial tissues: cysts formed in the intestine and excretory canal, and @entity397 occurred through epidermal cells, suggesting weakening of the epithelial membrane or membrane-cortex connection. Knockdown of @entity65701 , another @entity10611 biosynthesis enzymes resulted in similar phenotypes. Importantly, fortifying the link between the apical membrane and actin cortex by overexpression of the ezrin/radixin/moesin ortholog @entity65702 , significantly rescued cyst formation and @entity397 in the @entity47943 -1(qm34) mutant. In conclusion, we discovered @entity10611 -APs play a critical role in maintaining the integrity of the epithelial tissues, allowing them to withstand the pressure and stresses of morphogenesis. Our findings may help to explain some of the phenotypes observed in @entity1 syndromes associated with @entity47943 mutations.

title: @entity4495 Anchor Biosynthesis Is Essential for Maintaining Epithelial Integrity during XXXX Embryogenesis.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic lethality']

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ['Hirschsprung disease']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures']

entities_list: @entity4495 :: ('MESH:D017261', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycosylphosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']


abstract: The case of a 42-year-old female with @entity3181 ( @entity3181 ) and @entity4555 is reported. This @entity1 , who had been on chronic anticoagulants for her @entity4555 , presented with @entity490 , @entity1353 on exertion, engorged abdominal wall venous collaterals, and @entity382 . A dynamic computerized tomography of the abdomen showed complete suprahepatic @entity432 at the junction with the right atrium. IVC venogram confirmed the diagnosis and also demonstrated patency of the hepatic veins. Free hepatic venous pressure was 25-26 mm Hg. Histopathologic examination of the liver showed marked central @entity450 with significant bridging @entity82 . The total caval occlusion and overt calcification of the clot precluded radiologic angioplasty, and the @entity1 underwent a successful surgical thrombectomy with cavoplasty utilizing an autologous venous patch. Several weeks following surgery, she was free of symptoms and resumed her usual daily activities. Follow-up venography showed a widely opened cava with normal free @entity99 . Repeat liver biopsy at 6 months showed complete @entity99 and a decrease in the degree of @entity82 .

title: Suprahepatic XXXX treated with thrombectomy and cavoplasty.

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['venous congestion']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['lupus anticoagulant']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome', 'BCS']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['inferior vena caval occlusion']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic vein pressures', 'resolution of the hepatic venous congestion']

answer: @entity3181 :: (MESH:D006502,Disease) :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is being investigated as a therapeutic alternative for @entity1 with treatment-resistant @entity308 (TRD), but its cognitive safety has been scarcely explored. The aim of this exploratory study is to evaluate cognitive function of @entity1 before and after deep brain stimulation of the subgenual cingulate gyrus (SCG). Eight treatment-resistant @entity308 @entity1 were implanted in subgenual cingulate gyrus. A neuropsychological battery was used to evaluate @entity1 before surgery and 1-year after. A matched group of eight first-episode @entity1 was also assessed. A MANOVA was performed for each cognitive domain and those tests showing main time effects were then correlated with @entity308 and with medication load. There were significant group and time effects for memory and a group effect for language. No significant interactions between groups or cognitive domains were observed. Medication load was negatively correlated with memory at time 1, and clinical change negatively correlated with memory improvement. These findings support the cognitive safety of DBS of subgenual cingulate gyrus, as cognitive function did not worsen after chronic stimulation and memory performance even improved. The results, though, should be interpreted cautiously given the small sample size and the fact that some treatment-resistant @entity1 received electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) before implantation.

title: Cognitive functioning after deep brain stimulation in subcallosal cingulate gyrus for treatment-resistant XXXX : An exploratory study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression', 'depressive symptoms']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mortality from @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is decreasing nationwide, but no report to date examined @entity583 mortality among @entity1 with @entity82 . GOALS: Determine mortality rates and investigate possible disparities in cardiovascular interventions for @entity1 with and without @entity82 admitted with @entity583 across a decade using a national database. STUDY: We included all urgent/emergent admissions with @entity583 to acute care hospitals across the United States in 1999 and 2009. Exclusion criteria were age less than 18 years or prior liver transplantation. Confounders were accounted for using multivariable regression analyses. RESULTS: A total of 325,857 and 182,491 @entity1 with @entity583 were included in 1999 and 2009, respectively, 741 and 541 of whom had @entity82 , respectively. In-hospital mortality rate was 31% and 11% for @entity1 with and without @entity82 in 1999, and 17% and 9% in 2009. The adjusted mortality odds ratio was 2.54 (1.52 to 4.24) in 1999 and 1.45 (0.73 to 2.86) in 2009. Stent placement rate was 11% and 26% for @entity1 with and without @entity82 in 1999, and increased to 47% and 61% in 2009, respectively. Thrombolytic medication injection rate was 3% and 10% for @entity1 with and without @entity82 in 1999, and 0% and 2% in 2009, respectively. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery rate was 3% and 9% for @entity1 with and without @entity82 in 1999, and was 6% and 7% in 2009, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity583 mortality in @entity1 with @entity82 is higher compared with @entity1 without @entity82 . However, this mortality difference declined from 1999 to 2009, likely because of higher coronary artery stent utilization for @entity1 with @entity82 .

title: ST Elevation @entity583 Mortality Among XXXX With Liver Cirrhosis: A Nationwide Analysis Across a Decade.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We studied disease and surgical outcomes in an 80-plus age group to determine the feasibility of cardiac surgery at this age. METHODS: Between January 1991 and August 2000, we statistically analyzed 19 variables in 62 consecutive cases of cardiac surgery in the 80-plus age group to predict in-hospital and long-term mortality. Cases were classified by disease type ( @entity741 ( @entity741 ), n = 39; @entity340 ( @entity340 ) n = 19; and mechanical complications associated with acute @entity583 , n = 4; and by surgical status (emergency, n = 6; urgent, n = 10; and elective, n = 46). We compared these with 370 @entity1 70 to 79 years undergoing similar procedures during the same interval. RESULTS: No significant difference was seen between groups in total in-hospital mortality--9.7% vs. 3.8%--or in-hospital mortality for @entity741 .6% vs. 4.2%--or @entity340 --10.5% vs. 2.8%. We found cardiopulmonary bypass time > 150 min. and dialysis to be independent risk factors for @entity204 . Actuarial survival at 7.5 years overall was 39% in the 80-plus age group vs. 53% in the 70-79 age group for @entity340 and 38% in the 80-plus age group vs. 62% in the 70-79 age group. No significant difference was seen in survival between groups for @entity741 . @entity64 proved to be an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac surgery is conducted feasibly in selected octogenarians, providing acceptable mortality and results similar to those achieved in those 70 to 79 years old.

title: Cardiac surgery in XXXX aged 80 years and older.

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['IHD', 'IHD--2', 'ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['VHD', 'valvular heart disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['hospital death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity385 is the most common life-threatening @entity16 and has limited therapeutic options. One component of @entity528 is @entity32 . Here we show that @entity3403 and @entity1214 , which are broad-spectrum antibiotics and have antiinflammatory effects independent of their antimicrobial activity, protect hippocampal neurons against global @entity63 in gerbils. @entity1214 increased the survival of @entity1399 pyramidal neurons from 10.5% to 77% when the treatment was started 12 h before @entity63 and to 71% when the treatment was started 30 min after @entity63 . The survival with corresponding pre- and posttreatment with @entity3403 was 57% and 47%, respectively. @entity1214 prevented completely the @entity63 -induced activation of microglia and the appearance of @entity1110 -diaphorase reactive cells, but did not affect induction of glial acidic fibrillary protein, a marker of astrogliosis. @entity1214 treatment for 4 days resulted in a 70% reduction in mRNA induction of interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme, a caspase that is induced in microglia after @entity63 . Likewise, expression of inducible @entity842 synthase mRNA was attenuated by 30% in @entity1214 -treated animals. Our results suggest that lipid-soluble @entity2930 , @entity3403 and @entity1214 , inhibit @entity32 and are neuroprotective against @entity385 , even when administered after the insult. @entity803 derivatives may have a potential use also as antiischemic compounds in @entity1 .

title: XXXX inhibit microglial activation and are neuroprotective in global brain ischemia.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline', 'Minocycline']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2930 :: ('MESH:D013754', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracyclines']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic neuronal death']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity2930 :: (MESH:D013754,Chemical) :: ['Tetracyclines']