abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of electrocoagulation of bullae/blebs and apical pleurectomy via videothoracoscopic approach. METHODS: We reviewed 42 @entity1 who underwent Videoassisted thoracoscopy (VATS) procedure for recurrence @entity5229 ( @entity5229 ) from 200022006. There were 30 male and 12 female @entity1 with a median age of 30 years. The percentage of pneumothorax was calculated median of 60% (British @entity1514 Society Guideline - 2003). Thirty-two (76.2%) bullae/blebs were observed with the median diameter of 15 mm (5-30). RESULTS: Bulla ablation via cauterisation and apical pleurectomy was performed in 32 @entity1 . Ten @entity1 underwent only apical pleurectomy/abrasion because in this group there was not any either @entity4530 could be found. The median duration of drainage time was 3 days. There was no mortality and complications occurred in five (11.9%) @entity1 . Only two (4.76%) recurrence occurred during the 52 months (5 to 76) median follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Videothoracoscopic bulla ablation with apical pleurectomy is a safe method for recurrence @entity5229 . Especially, if the @entity4530 is smaller than 20 mm the ablation via cauterisation reduces the expenses of VATS procedure by avoiding the use of stapler devices.

title: Videothoracoscopic approach to recurrence XXXX : using of electrocoagulation in small bulla/blebs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5229 :: ('MESH:D011030', 'Disease') :: ['PSP', 'primary spontaneous pneumothorax']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['bulla or bleb']

answer: @entity5229 :: (MESH:D011030,Disease) :: ['primary spontaneous pneumothorax']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity209 ( @entity209 ) are at increased risk of @entity65 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of @entity209 on cardiovascular prognosis in context with @entity731 . A total of 811 @entity1 with @entity301 ( @entity301 ) were included and carotid and leg arteries were examined using sonographic methods. @entity1 with low ( @entity301 only, n = 428, 52.8%) or high @entity731 ( @entity301 and peripheral @entity731 , n=383, 47.2%) were compared. @entity1 with >or=3 of the following criteria: @entity1674 >or=150 mg/dl, high-density lipoprotein @entity165 <40 mg/dl ( @entity1 ) and <50 mg/dl ( @entity1 ), body mass index>30 kg/m2, blood pressure>or=130/85 mm Hg, and fasting @entity413 >or=100 mg/dl were defined as having @entity209 (n=349, 43.0%). Follow-up data (median 6.7 years) were available for 807 @entity1 (99.5%), and 175 @entity1 (21.7%) experienced @entity65 ( @entity583 , @entity204 , and @entity64 ). The presence of @entity209 significantly increased @entity65 in @entity1 with low and high @entity731 (low: @entity209 yes 21.2%, @entity209 no 12.9%, p=0.02; high: @entity209 yes 34.3%, @entity209 no 26.5%, p=0.01). @entity209 could be identified as an independent predictor for @entity65 in all @entity1 (hazard ratio 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 2.3, p<0.0001, adjusted) and @entity1 with high @entity731 in particular (hazard ratio 1.8, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 2.6, p=0.005, adjusted). In conclusion, @entity209 markedly worsens the long-term prognosis of @entity1 with both low and high @entity731 . Moreover, @entity1 with high @entity731 and @entity209 should be considered a high-risk population and treated accordingly.

title: Impact of @entity209 on XXXX and cardiovascular prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic burden', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events', 'cardiovascular atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic burden']


abstract: Serum samples from 20 individuals immunized with inactivated combined vaccine (ICV) against @entity4002 and 10 individuals that received placebo were investigated on days 14, 21, 28 and 60 after immunization by isotope specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of antibodies directed to @entity1 IgA, IgM and IgG, and their fragments (F(ab')2, @entity1334 , Fc). None of the subjects that received placebo exhibited significant increase of reactivity with any of the used antigens. By contrast, the sera of immunized individuals tended to show increased autoantibody activity with diverse antigens. Forty % of sera of immunized subjects exhibited anti- @entity1334 activity, 20% of the sera recognized IgA, F(ab')2- and Fc-fragments, and 15% of the sera recognized IgG and IgM. Although there was wide variation in antibody levels and in isotypic heterogeneity of autoantibodies induced by immunization, anti- @entity1334 autoantibodies were represented mainly by IgG and IgA isotypes but not IgM isotype. A direct correlation between the anti-Coxiella burnetii (anti-C.b.) antibody level and the anti- @entity1334 IgG activity, and between the anti-C.b. antibody level and the anti- @entity1334 IgA activity was found. In the group of vaccinees reacting strongly to the vaccine against @entity4002 , this correlation significantly increased for both the anti- @entity1334 IgG and the anti- @entity1334 IgA activities. No correlation was found with the sera in the group of the subjects that received placebo.

title: Autoimmune component in individuals during immune response to inactivated combined vaccine against XXXX .

answer: @entity4002 :: (MESH:D011778,Disease) :: ['Q fever']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Brachial plexus blocks have become very common for @entity1 undergoing upper extremity surgery. We report a case in which the @entity1 developed ipsilateral @entity2895 and @entity1576 following supraclavicular @entity616 . CASE REPORT: A 61-year-old female @entity6 @entity1 presented for a repeat debridement of necrotizing @entity9156 on her left arm. She received a left-sided supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Within a few minutes, the @entity1 began to experience acute @entity1353 , @entity148 , and @entity26 saturation of 90%. Breath sounds were diminished in the left hemithorax. Arterial blood gases revealed evidence of acute @entity12906 . The chest x-ray was normal. After induction, we intubated the @entity1 . Subsequent arterial blood gases showed marked improvement in @entity12906 . We believed left @entity2895 to be the cause of the distress. The @entity1 was extubated in the surgical intensive care unit the following day, and infusion of @entity1342 0.2% was started. The catheter was removed afterward secondary to its occlusion. CONCLUSION: @entity128 leading to @entity649 is a rare complication of supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Anesthesiologists should be ready for emergency intubation when performing this kind of block.

title: Acute XXXX following ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic, morbidly obese']

entities_list: @entity12906 :: ('MESH:D000142', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory acidosis']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['Phrenic nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['phrenic nerve paralysis']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity9156 :: ('MESH:D005208', 'Disease') :: ['fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['nerve block']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['respiratory distress']


abstract: The @entity4443 LTC4, D4, and E4 are potent bronchoconstrictor agents and are thought to have an important role in @entity565 . Urinary LTE4, a stable urinary end-product of LTC4 and @entity15491 , was measured, by means of high-performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay. LTE4 excretion followed a log-normal distribution in twenty-nine healthy controls, with a geometric mean of 23.8 (95% confidence interval 19.9-28.2) ng/mmol @entity1011 . Urine was collected from eight atopic subjects for 3 h after antigen inhalation and a control urine collection was made a week later at the same time of day. Urinary LTE4 was significantly higher after antigen challenge than in the control sample (153.7 [87.1-271.3] vs 23.5 [13.7-69.5] ng/mmol @entity1011 ; p less than 0.01). Urinary LTE4 was also measured in twenty @entity1 with severe acute @entity565 and nine @entity1 with @entity2023 . Mean urinary LTE4 was higher in the @entity748 @entity1 (78.3 [46.5-131.8] ng/mmol @entity1011 ) than in normal subjects (p less than 0.01), although there was substantial overlap into the normal range. The urinary LTE4 values of the @entity2490 @entity1 were within the normal range whether or not they had symptoms. LTC4 and LTD4 were also found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from one of the three atopic subjects challenged with antigen before lavage, and in a single @entity1 who underwent lavage after admission with severe acute @entity565 . These studies provide evidence that @entity4443 are released in vivo in man after antigen challenge and in acute @entity565 .

title: Urinary leukotriene E4 after antigen challenge and in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity4443 :: ('MESH:D015289', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotrienes']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['acute asthma and allergic rhinitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the expected costs of treating @entity1 with @entity565 with versus without inhaled anti-inflammatory medications, adjusting for other factors that also influence medical care expenditures. DESIGN: Nonlinear exponential regression analyses were used to estimate relationships between medical care expenditures and treatment with inhaled corticosteroids, @entity9992 (cromolyn) or nedocromil. The regressions adjusted for differences in @entity1 ' demographics, location, plan type and severity of illness. SETTING: Large, self-insured, corporate-sponsored medical plans represented in MarketScan database. @entity1 AND @entity1 : 7466 continuously enrolled @entity1 with @entity565 . INTERVENTIONS: Treatment with inhaled corticosteroids, @entity9992 or @entity19608 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (i) Total inpatient, outpatient and pharmaceutical expenditures; and (ii) @entity565 -related expenditures in the 1996 calendar year. RESULTS: If all @entity1 had been treated with inhaled anti-inflammatory drugs, total expenditures would be expected to be about  US944.82 per @entity1 lower, on average, than would be the case if no @entity1 received these drugs. @entity565 would be about  US498.74 per @entity1 higher, on average, if all @entity1 were treated with these drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Using inhaled anti-inflammatory agents would be associated with higher @entity565 -related expenditures but lower total expenditures. Treatment with inhaled anti-inflammatory drugs may represent an investment in better care that pays off with better health and lower total medical care expenditures.

title: Cost implications for the use of inhaled anti-inflammatory medications in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma-related expenditures']

entities_list: @entity19608 :: ('MESH:D017835', 'Chemical') :: ['nedocromil']

entities_list: @entity9992 :: ('MESH:D004205', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium cromoglycate']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The burden of @entity102 is increasing, and research and quality improvement will be less effective if case finding strategies are suboptimal. OBJECTIVE: To describe an ontology-driven approach to case finding in @entity102 and how this approach can be used to create a data dictionary and make the codes used in case finding transparent. METHOD: A five-step process: (1) identifying a reference coding system or terminology; (2) using an ontology-driven approach to identify cases; (3) developing metadata that can be used to identify the extracted data; (4) mapping the extracted data to the reference terminology; and (5) creating the data dictionary. RESULTS: @entity101 is presented as an exemplar. A @entity1 with @entity101 can be represented by a range of codes including diagnostic, history and administrative. Metadata can link the coding system and data extraction queries to the correct data mapping and translation tool, which then maps it to the equivalent code in the reference terminology. The code extracted, the term, its domain and subdomain, and the name of the data extraction query can then be automatically grouped and published online as a readily searchable data dictionary. An exemplar online is: www.clininf.eu/qickd-data-dictionary.html CONCLUSION: Adopting an ontology-driven approach to case finding could improve the quality of disease registers and of research based on routine data. It would offer considerable advantages over using limited datasets to define cases. This approach should be considered by those involved in research and quality improvement projects which utilise routine data.

title: Defining datasets and creating data dictionaries for quality improvement and research in XXXX using routinely collected data: an ontology-driven approach.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present our experience with a series of @entity1 treated with @entity9762 ( @entity9762 ) for @entity9042 ( @entity9042 ). DESIGN: A single surgeon, prospective, consecutive series. METHOD: The study included all @entity1 with @entity9042 who underwent @entity9762 between March 1999 and November 2003 at the Royal Adelaide Hospital. The parameters evaluated included @entity1 ' demographics, pre- and post-operative best corrected visual acuities, post-operative keratometry, and intra- and post-operative complications. RESULTS: There were 22 @entity1 (23 eyes); 10 females and 12 males, with a mean age of 35 +/- 13 years (median, 33.5; range, 17-73). The median follow-up period was 13 months (range 7-38). In 89% (16/18) of eyes which underwent @entity9762 , and in which a visual acuity could be obtained, a best corrected visual acuity of at least 6/12 was recorded. There were two episodes of Descemet's membrane perforation (8.7%), in which the procedure was converted to penetrating keratoplasty without complications. One @entity1 developed a double anterior chamber, which resolved spontaneously without consequences. CONCLUSION: The visual outcomes and complication rates seen in our series are comparable to the recent published literature. Hence @entity9762 can be considered as a suitable alternative to penetrating keratoplasty for the surgical treatment of @entity9042 .

title: @entity9762 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9762 :: ('MESH:C535342', 'Disease') :: ['deep lamellar keratoplasty', 'DLK']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['KC', 'keratoconus']

answer: @entity9042 :: (MESH:D007640,Disease) :: ['keratoconus']


abstract: A temperature controlled underwater tubular photobioreactor was studied for 6 months in outdoor conditions to determine biomass production of @entity16993 42OL. Biomass output rate was very high during the study period. In July, productivity was about 75.0 g reactor(-1) d(-1) for a short period (5 days). The biomass yield averaged 0.7 g biomass dry weight (d.w.)xg @entity1543 (-1). We also obtained a mean photosynthetic efficiency of 7.6% in winter and 7.1% in summer. Biomasses rich in pigments and a biodegradable thermoplastic polymer [ @entity13099 ( @entity13100 )] were obtained. During the summer, @entity13100 was about 4.0% of the biomass d.w. The bacteriochlorophyll/carotenoid ratio was lower at midday than either in the morning or in the evening. The reduction in this ratio may have been a response of the @entity16993 cells to high irradiance (about 900 W m(-2)). A reduced rate of protein synthesis continued even in the dark. @entity13100 and @entity3363 , synthesized in excess during the day, were used as substrates for night protein synthesis.

title: Biomass production and studies on XXXX grown in an outdoor, temperature controlled, underwater tubular photobioreactor.

entities_list: @entity13099 :: ('MESH:C003182', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate']

entities_list: @entity16993 :: ('1076', 'Species') :: ['Rhodopseudomonas', 'Rhodopseudomonas palustris']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity16993 :: (1076,Species) :: ['Rhodopseudomonas palustris']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An animal model commonly used to investigate pathways and potential therapeutic interventions relevant to @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) involves subcutaneous infusion of angiotensin II within the @entity6970 deficient @entity19 . The aim of this study was to investigate genes differentially expressed in @entity439 forming within this @entity19 model in order to assess the relevance of this model to @entity1 @entity1028 . RESULTS: Using microarrays we identified genes relevant to @entity439 formation within @entity6970 deficient @entity19 . Firstly we investigated genes differentially expressed in the @entity439 prone segment of the suprarenal aorta in these @entity19 . Secondly we investigated genes that were differentially expressed in the aortas of @entity19 developing @entity439 relative to those that did not develop @entity439 in response to angiotensin II infusion. Our findings suggest that a host of @entity32 and extracellular matrix remodelling pathways are upregulated within the aorta in @entity19 developing @entity439 . Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome categories enriched in the aortas of @entity19 with @entity439 included cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, leukocyte transendothelial migration, natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity and hematopoietic cell lineage. Genes associated with extracellular matrix remodelling, such as a range of matrix metalloproteinases were also differentially expressed in relation to @entity439 formation. CONCLUSION: This study is the first report describing whole genome expression arrays in the @entity6970 deficient @entity19 in relation to @entity439 formation. The findings suggest that the pathways believed to be critical in @entity1 @entity1028 are also relevant to @entity439 formation in this @entity19 model. The findings therefore support the value of this model to investigate interventions and mechanisms of @entity1 @entity1028 .

title: Whole genome expression analysis within the angiotensin II- @entity6970 deficient XXXX model of @entity1028 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Single large doses of @entity888 ( @entity7865 ) cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and @entity2383 in rodent striata. The @entity935 D(1) receptor appears to be involved in these @entity7865 -mediated stresses. The purpose of this study was to investigate if @entity935 D(1) and D(2) receptors are involved in ER and mitochondrial stresses caused by single-day @entity7865 binges in the @entity35 striatum. Male @entity35 received 4 injections of 10 mg/kg of @entity7865 alone or in combination with a putative D(1) or D(2) receptor antagonist, @entity10095 or @entity11641 , respectively, given 30 min prior to each @entity7865 injection. @entity35 were euthanized at various timepoints afterwards. Striatal tissues were used in quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analyses. We found that binge @entity7865 injections caused increased expression of the pro-survival genes, @entity21205 / @entity21205 and @entity12989 , in a @entity10095 -sensitive manner. @entity7865 also caused up-regulation of ER-stress genes, @entity24783 , @entity14026 , @entity12382 , @entity21206 / @entity21206 and @entity41236 . The expression of @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) was increased after @entity7865 injections. @entity10095 completely blocked induction in all analyzed ER stress-related proteins that included @entity14026 , @entity12382 , @entity21206 / @entity21206 , HSPs and @entity21291 . The @entity935 D(2)-like antagonist, @entity11641 , exerted small to moderate inhibitory influence on some @entity7865 -induced changes in ER stress proteins. Importantly, @entity7865 caused decreases in the mitochondrial anti-apoptotic protein, @entity1976 , but increases in the pro-apoptotic proteins, @entity2310 , @entity2309 and cytochrome c, in a @entity10095 -sensitive fashion. In contrast, @entity11641 provided only small inhibition of @entity7865 -induced changes in mitochondrial proteins. These findings indicate that @entity7865 -induced activation of striatal ER and mitochondrial stress pathways might be more related to activation of @entity10095 -sensitive receptors.

title: Involvement of XXXX receptors in binge @entity888 -induced activation of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial stress pathways.

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rat']

entities_list: @entity11641 :: ('MESH:D020891', 'Chemical') :: ['raclopride']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunctions']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish a rapid and reliable loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for detecting adenoviruses (ADV)in respiratory samples collected from @entity1 with @entity1729 . METHOD: According to the sequences of hexon genes of common adenovirus serotypes ( @entity16948 , @entity36515 , and @entity12125 ) downloaded from GenBank, primers were designed and LAMP method for detecting adenovirus DNA was developed. Sensitivity of the LAMP method was evaluated by using constructed recombinant plasmid DNA with gene fragment from hexon of ADV3, and specificity was tested through cross-reaction with other viruses. Then 11 ADV strains isolated from clinical specimens using tissue cultures were tested by LAMP method. A total of 108 nasopharyngeal aspirates from hospitalized @entity1 with @entity1729 which had been tested by direct immunofluorescence assay ( @entity12606 ), including 36 for ADV positive and 72 for ADV negative, were tested by both LAMP method and multiplex nested PCR. RESULT: Analysis for sensitivity indicated that this LAMP method can detect 1.9 10(2)copies/ml of DNA, and no amplification was shown in DNA or cDNA of other viruses, which revealed that the specificity of the LAMP method is high. For 108 specimens which had been tested by @entity12606 , 34 out of the 36 ADV positive specimens showed positive signal within 90 minutes using LAMP. Five out of 72 negative specimens by @entity12606 were positive using LAMP; 39 out of the 41 ADV positive specimens by multiplex nested PCR showed positive signal using LAMP, including 19 for @entity16948 for @entity36515 ; 67 negative specimens confirmed by multiplex nested PCR showed negative signal using LAMP. The total consistency rate of @entity12606 and LAMP method for detecting ADV was 93.5%, and the total coincidence rate of multiplex nested PCR and LAMP method for detecting ADV was 98.1%. CONCLUSION: A new, sensitive, accurate and rapid method for detecting @entity1 adenovirus from nasopharyngeal aspirates by LAMP was developed, which should be a potential method for rapid detection of ADV from respiratory tract of @entity1 in clinical diagnosis of @entity281 .

title: [Detecting @entity1 adenoviruses in respiratory samples collected from @entity1 with XXXX by loop-mediated isothermal amplification].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['ADV infection']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory infections']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['acute respiratory infections']


abstract: We have shown for the first time that pluripotent/multipotent stem cells can be isolated from blood in a relatively simple cell separation, which is fast and compatible with current standards. We used the germ line- and pluripotent-specific @entity28866 gene as a marker to demonstrate its use for identifying and isolating pluripotent/multipotent cells from blood. @entity28866 -expressing (DE) cells were identified in about 0.3% of umbilical cord blood (UCB) mononuclear cells. These DE cells do not express either blood cell differentiation markers, such as @entity3053 , CD3, and @entity5750 , or the blood progenitor cell markers, such as @entity2280 and @entity5439 . Nevertheless, they express pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells @entity4729 and @entity4731 genes. To examine whether the DE cells exhibit stem cell characteristics, we seeded 10(3) DE cells in methylcellulose containing the ingredients needed for hematopoietic cell growth. Although DE cells are @entity2280 -, a mean (+/-SD) of 21 +/- 4 colonies were formed per plate, of which 4.8% were colony-forming unit granulocyte, erythroid, macrophage, megakaryocytes (CFU-GEMMs). Mononuclear or @entity2280 + cells isolated from UCB formed 6 +/- 1 and 53 +/- 8 colonies per plate, respectively, of which 0% and 3.8% were CFU-GEMMs. DE cells grown in methylcellulose without cytokines formed various colonies, which demonstrated expression pattern that is typical of neurons, endothelial, bone/cartilage, cardiomyocyte, and hepatocyte differentiation as determined by reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR). Our results suggest that DE cells, which possess some pluripotent/multipotent characteristics of ES cells, can be easily isolated from blood. These cells may be effective in various therapeutic applications with no biological or ethical ramifications.

title: A method for isolating pluripotent/multipotent stem cells from blood by using the pluripotent and germ-line XXXX gene as a marker.

answer: @entity28866 :: (1618,Gene) :: ['DAZL']


abstract: @entity3126 ( @entity3126 ) is an acute, unilateral @entity651 initiated by cytotoxic @entity26 metabolites and temporally associated with an influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs); these toxic @entity26 products appear to result from reoxygenation of chronically collapsed lung. @entity50667 ( @entity50667 ) reduces @entity1188 size after reperfusion of @entity63 myocardium. The possible protective effects of @entity23192 in @entity3126 were examined. Right lungs of @entity95 were collapsed for 7 days by injection of air into the pleural space. Reexpansion was accomplished by chest tube with negative pressure in spontaneously ventilating @entity95 . Twelve pairs of animals received either @entity23192 (20 mg/kg/h intravenously (i.v.) from 30 min before reexpansion until they were killed) or an equivalent volume of sterile saline. After 2 h, animals were killed by i.v. pentobarbital. Right and left lungs of six pairs of animals were lavaged with 25 ml saline each; the remaining six pairs of animals were studied by measurement of lung wet/dry weight ratio. Albumin concentrations in lavage fluid (BAL) of @entity23192 -treated animals were 243 +/- 165 micrograms/ml in right lung and 29 +/- 15 micrograms/ml in left lung (p less than 0.03); albumin concentration in right lung BAL of untreated animals was 1,180 +/- 319 micrograms/ml (p less than 0.02 vs. @entity23192 -treated animals). PMN percentages in right BAL (3.8 +/- 3.1) and left BAL (2.9 +/- 2.2) did not differ in @entity23192 -treated animals (p greater than 0.65); PMN percentage in right BAL of untreated animals was 18.7 +/- 2.9 (p less than 0.001 vs. @entity23192 -treated animals).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity50667 prevents neutrophil accumulation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity23192 :: ('MESH:C021702', 'Chemical') :: ['lodoxamide']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['RPE', 'Reexpansion pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity50667 :: ('MESH:C022028', 'Chemical') :: ['Lodoxamide tromethamine', 'U-42585E']

answer: @entity3126 :: (MESH:D011654,Disease) :: ['reexpansion pulmonary edema']


abstract: To assess the effects of volume loading on right ventricular (RV) filling dynamics, the RV inflow pattern was recorded using pulsed Doppler echocardiography (PDE) during dextran infusion in 7 normal subjects (Group I) and 24 @entity1 with @entity741 . The @entity1 with @entity741 were divided into three groups according to the left ventricular (LV) and RV ejection fractions (EF). Group II consisted of 11 @entity1 whose LVEF and RVEF exceeded 50%. Group III consisted of 7 @entity1 whose LVEF was lower than 50% and RVEF was higher than 50%. Group IV was comprised of 6 @entity1 whose LVEF and RVEF were lower than 50%. Peak flow velocity of the RV rapid filling wave in early diastole [R(T)] and that of the atrial contraction wave [A(T)] were measured, and the ratio of A(T) to R(T) [A(T)/R(T)] in each cardiac cycle was calculated. In some of the subjects, simultaneous right-sided cardiac catheterization was performed with a Swan-Ganz thermodilution catheter. The LV and RV function during volume loading were calculated according to the following formulae: delta @entity64 volume index (SVI)/delta pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) and delta SVI/delta right atrial pressure (RAP), respectively. After dextran infusion, R(T) increased significantly in Groups I, II, and III, but not in Group IV. The A(T) and A(T)/R(T) ratio remained unchanged in all groups. The percent change of the R(T) correlated well with delta SVI/delta RAP (r = 0.56, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Doppler assessment of right ventricular filling dynamics during volume loading in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['ischemic heart disease']


abstract: The bronchial reactivities in Hartley @entity840 to @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) or @entity112 (Hist) were investigated, and the following results obtained; 1. Eight-week-old animals were exposed to @entity1617 and Hist. A significant relationship was observed between the concentrations of the chemicals and the time needed to produce falling down (TNPFD) due to the asthmatic reaction to @entity1617 and Hist. 2. Eight-week-old animals were exposed to 0.1% @entity1617 and 0.05% Hist, for which the mean TNPFD +/- standard error were 377 +/- 33 sec and 122 +/- 5 sec respectivity. However, no difference in reactivity between male and female animals was noted. 3. Eight- and 9-week-old animals were exposed to 0.01% @entity1617 and 0.025% Hist. A positive correlation was observed (r = 0.736, p less than 0.01) between the TNPFD for @entity1617 and that for Hist. 4. Growing animals from 2 weeks to 20 weeks old were exposed to 0.08% @entity1617 and 0.025% Hist. After inhalation of both chemicals, 6-week-old animals showed the greatest prolongation of mean TNPFD (lowest sensitivity). 5. Eight-week-old animals were exposed to 0.08% @entity1617 and 0.025% Hist. With both of these chemicals, a positive correlation was observed between TNPFD and dose threshold ( @entity1617 r = 0.886, p less than 0.001; Hist r = 0.891, p less than 0.001).

title: Bronchial reactivities in @entity840 to @entity934 or XXXX exposure.

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['histamine']


abstract: Blood pressure and heart rate reflexly increase during static @entity2472 in anesthetized @entity468 . Previous studies have demonstrated that vasopressin ( @entity56789 ) and @entity398 (OT) may act as neuromodulators to regulate cardiovascular responses elicited by contraction of skeletal muscle. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that neurons containing @entity56789 in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus are activated during static @entity2472 . A laminectomy was performed to expose the spinal cord and the peripheral cut ends of L7 and S1 ventral roots were stimulated electrically to induce @entity2472 . @entity1640 neurons activated during the @entity2472 were identified by @entity19222 -like immunoreactivity (FLI). Static @entity2472 significantly increased FLI in the PVN and SON, compared with sham-operated @entity468 . Double-staining of neurons in the PVN for @entity56789 showed that 22 +/- 4% of the @entity56789 and 26 +/- 3% of the OT neurons in the PVN expressed FLI. In contrast, only 4 +/- 1% of the @entity56789 and 3 +/- 1% of the OT neurons in the PVN were labeled with FLI in sham-operated animals. These results indicate that neurons in the PVN and SON of the hypothalamus were activated during static @entity2472 . Furthermore, as FLI was present in @entity56789 neurons, this suggests these neurons may constitute a part of the neural pathway involved in cardiovascular regulation during static @entity2472 .

title: Identification of hypothalamic vasopressin and @entity398 neurons activated during the exercise pressor reflex in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothalamic']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['muscle contraction']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: A case of @entity5422 with recurrent @entity146 , @entity159 and @entity7809 was described. A 39-year-old @entity1 , who had a history of low grade fever and @entity146 over 2 years without mucocutaneo-ocular symptoms, was admitted to Shinshu University Hospital because of @entity159 . On admission, neurological examination revealed @entity772 state with neck stiffness, @entity5562 (right greater than left), conjugate deviation to right and bilateral pyramidal tract signs. His cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed a total protein content of 206 mg/dl with 22 lymphocytes and 134 polymorphonuclear leukocytes/mm3. EEG recorded on the 3rd hospital day showed periodic sharp waves and polyspikes, occurring every 1 seconds, predominantly arise from the right hemisphere, which corresponds to @entity302 ( @entity302 ). @entity10926 was suspected and @entity1033 was administered. Neck stiffness and cerebrospinal fluid findings were improved and @entity302 disappeared. But @entity7809 appeared and @entity5422 was relapsed. Laboratory examination revealed erythrocyte sedimentation rate 40 mm/hr, positive C-reactive protein, elevated CH50 and @entity3167 , enhanced @entity4222 of neutrophils and HLA-B 51. Neuro-Beh  et's syndrome was strongly suspected with laboratory data but the clinical course was atypical. His clinical signs were markedly improved after administration of @entity617 . The present case suggests that neuro-Beh  et's syndrome with only a part of major symptoms could be diagnosed as @entity11410 and @entity1033 may be effective for the treatment of neuro-Beh  et's syndrome.

title: [A case of @entity5422 with recurrent @entity146 , @entity159 and XXXX , improved by @entity1033 ].

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal behavior']

entities_list: @entity7809 :: ('MESH:D013281', 'Disease') :: ['aphthous stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic meningoencephalitis', 'meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity11410 :: ('MESH:D018792', 'Disease') :: ['viral encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity5562 :: ('MESH:D015875', 'Disease') :: ['anisocoria']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges', 'PLEDs']

entities_list: @entity10926 :: ('MESH:D020803', 'Disease') :: ['Herpes simplex encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity7809 :: (MESH:D013281,Disease) :: ['aphthous stomatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It has been reported that @entity4160 , a Selective @entity1154 Oxidase Inhibitor B (MAOI-B), at low doses would be helpful for treating negative symptoms in @entity161 . Nevertheless, the results are contradictory so far. This study was designed to investigate the effect of @entity4160 added to @entity1090 as augmentation therapy in @entity1 with chronic @entity161 and @entity304 in an 8 week, double blind and randomized clinical trial. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 in this study were 40 @entity1 with chronic @entity161 . All @entity1 were inpatients and were in the active phase of the illness, and met DSM-IV-TR criteria for @entity161 . @entity1 were allocated in a random fashion, 20 to @entity1090 6 mg/day plus @entity4160 10 mg/day (5 mg bid) and 20 to @entity1090 6 mg/day plus placebo. The principal measure of the outcome was Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS: Although both protocols significantly decreased the score of the positive, negative, and general psychopathological symptoms over the trial period, the combination of @entity1090 and @entity4160 showed a significant superiority over @entity1090 alone in decreasing negative symptoms and PANSS total scores. CONCLUSION: The present study indicates @entity4160 as a potential adjunctive treatment strategy for the negative symptoms of @entity161 . Nevertheless, results of larger controlled trials are needed before recommendation for a broad clinical application can be made.

title: Efficacy of @entity4160 add on therapy to @entity1090 in the treatment of the negative symptoms of XXXX : a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['prominent negative symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4160 :: ('MESH:D012642', 'Chemical') :: ['selegiline']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['Monoamine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: @entity556 orchestrates cellular events after injury to the vascular system and extravasation of blood into surrounding tissues. The pathophysiological response to @entity556 is mediated by @entity8781 ( @entity8781 ), a seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor expressed in the nervous system that is identical to the @entity556 receptor in platelets, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Once activated by @entity556 , @entity8781 induces rapid and dramatic changes in cell morphology, notably the retraction of growth cones, axons, and dendrites in neurons and processes in astrocytes. The signal is conveyed by a series of localized @entity855 -dependent reactions directed to the actin cytoskeleton. How cells meet the dynamic and localized energy demands during signal transmission is unknown. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we identified an interaction between @entity8781 cytoplasmic tail and the brain isoform of @entity908 kinase, a key @entity855 -generating enzyme that regulates @entity855 within subcellular compartments. The interaction was confirmed in vitro and in vivo. Reducing @entity908 kinase levels or its @entity855 -generating potential inhibited @entity8781 -mediated cellular shape changes as well as a @entity8781 signaling pathway involving the activation of @entity3547 , a small G protein that relays signals to the cytoskeleton. @entity556 -stimulated intracellular @entity460 release was not affected. Our results suggest that @entity908 kinase is bound to @entity8781 where it may be poised to provide bursts of site-specific high-energy phosphate necessary for efficient receptor signal transduction during cytoskeletal reorganization.

title: @entity908 kinase, an XXXX -generating enzyme, is required for @entity556 receptor signaling to the cytoskeleton.

entities_list: @entity556 :: ('2147', 'Gene') :: ['Thrombin', 'thrombin']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity8781 :: ('2149', 'Gene') :: ['protease-activated receptor-1', 'PAR-1']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The monoclonal antibody PAM4 has high specificity for @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ), as well as its precursor lesions, but has not been found to be reactive with normal and benign pancreatic tissues. The objective of the current study was to evaluate a PAM4-based serum enzyme immunoassay alone and in combination with the carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 assay for the detection of @entity1124 , with particular attention to early stage disease. METHODS: Sera from @entity1 with confirmed @entity1124 (N = 298), other @entity5 (N = 99), @entity788 (N = 120), and healthy adults (N = 79) were evaluated by a specific enzyme immunoassay for the concentration of PAM4 and CA 19-9 antigen levels by blinded analyses. All tests for statistical significance were 2-sided. RESULTS: The overall sensitivity for PAM4 detection of @entity1124 was 76%, with 64% of @entity1 with stage I disease also identified. The detection rate was considerably higher (85%) for @entity1 with @entity1442 . The assay demonstrated high specificity compared with benign @entity660 (85%), with a positive likelihood ratio of 4.93. CA 19-9 provided an overall sensitivity of 77%, and was positive in 58% of @entity1 with stage I disease; however, the specificity was significantly lower for CA 19-9 (68%), with a positive likelihood ratio of 2.85 (P = .026 compared with PAM4). It is important to note that a combined PAM4 and CA 19-9 biomarker serum assay demonstrated an improved sensitivity (84%) for the overall detection of @entity1124 without a significant loss of specificity (82%) compared with either arm alone. CONCLUSIONS: The PAM4 enzyme immunoassay identified approximately two-thirds of @entity1 with stage I @entity1124 with high discriminatory power with respect to benign, nonneoplastic @entity660 . These results provide a rationale for testing @entity1 groups considered to be at high risk for @entity1124 with a combined PAM4 and CA 19-9 biomarker serum assay for the detection of early stage @entity1124 .

title: PAM4 enzyme immunoassay alone and in combination with CA 19-9 for the detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['benign disease of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma', 'PDAC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse the demographics, mechanism, nature, anatomical distribution, management and complications in @entity130 @entity1 presenting to the plastic surgery unit. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive cross-sectional study. SETTING: This study was conducted in the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, from 1(st) January 2009 to 30(th) April 2012. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All @entity130 @entity1 referred from emergency department and other departments irrespective of age and gender were enrolled in the study, excluding acute burns and @entity130 @entity1 . The details were obtained from the data sheets of the @entity1 . All the data were analysed and projected in the form of tables and figures. RESULTS: A total of 1034 @entity1 including 855 (82.7%) males and 179 (17.3%) females presented with plastic surgical @entity130 , with age ranging from 1 to 86 years, with a mean age of 20.84    15.469 SD. The upper limb was affected in 492 (47.6%) @entity1 , followed by head and neck in 273 (26.4%) cases. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were the main cause of @entity130 , affecting 340 (32.9%) @entity1 . Wound excision and closure was performed in 473 (45.7%) @entity1 , followed by skin grafting and flap coverage in 232 (22.4%) and 132 (13.2%) @entity1 , respectively. @entity260 were observed in 45 (4.35%) @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Males in their young age mainly presented with plastic surgical @entity130 with @entity6093 as the main mechanism and laceration as the most common type of these injuries. The upper limb was the most commonly affected region. The frequency of different types of surgical procedures and postoperative complications observed are comparable with international literature except for the microvascular surgery which is not performed in our centre. Regular audit of the plastic surgical @entity130 should be conducted in all plastic surgical units to both improve @entity130 care and reaffirm the role of Plastic Surgery in the new age @entity130 .

title: Plastic surgical XXXX : A single-centre experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma sequelae', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The advent of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) gave rise to substantial progress in the treatment of @entity3520 . In the light of the high costs of the toxin and the necessity to establish valid outcome indices for this treatment apart from sheer @entity22813 muscle tone and posture, the @entity3520 and its treatment with BoNT/A on @entity1 ' @entity283 ( @entity283 ) was determined. METHODS: Fifty @entity1 with @entity6389 treated long term with BoNT/A were enrolled in a prospective, open labelled cohort study. The @entity283 was assessed using the EuroQol (EQ-5D) and the short form 36 health survey questionnaire (SF-36) at baseline before BoNT/A injections and at two follow up visits after 6 and 12 weeks covering one BoNT/A treatment period with maximum effect size at the first follow up. RESULTS: Compared with a general population sample, a considerable negative @entity3520 on @entity283 was found in @entity1 under investigation. In both disease types, BoNT/A treatment led to a significant improvement in several @entity283 dimensions, in particular providing moderate to marked effect sizes in the fields of mental health and @entity158 . The @entity73 due to @entity158 as well as the BoNT/A induced improvement within this SF-36 subscore were significantly higher in @entity1 with cervical @entity3519 . Under BoNT/A therapy, no correlation was found between changes of clinical outcome scores and @entity283 measures. CONCLUSIONS: The data confirm that BoNT/A is able to induce a significant, but temporary amelioration of several aspects of @entity283 in both @entity3520 . This may substantially contribute to the @entity1 ' subjective benefit from the therapy. Moreover, the data provide further arguments to accept high costs of the BoNT/A treatment in these severely handicapped @entity1 , as a consequence of its considerable benefit on quality of life.

title: Health related quality of life is improved by botulinum neurotoxin type A in long term treated XXXX with @entity3520 .

entities_list: @entity22813 :: ('MESH:C537181', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of dystonic']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['focal dystonias', 'types of focal dystonia', 'impact of focal dystonia']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HRQL', 'health related quality of life']

entities_list: @entity6389 :: ('MESH:D014103', 'Disease') :: ['cranial and cervical dystonia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of HRQL']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Activity of the @entity141 -dependent protease calpain is increased in neurons after global and focal @entity2806 , and may contribute to @entity130 cascades. Understanding the time course and location of calpain activity in the post- @entity63 brain is essential to establishing causality and optimizing therapeutic interventions. This study examined the temporal and spatial characteristics of @entity75 activity after transient @entity63 (TFI) in @entity35 . Male Long Evans @entity35 underwent 10 min of normothermic TFI induced by bilateral @entity432 with @entity551 (MABP 30 mm Hg). @entity75 activity was examined between 1 and 72 h after reperfusion. Western blot analysis of regional brain homogenates demonstrated a bimodal pattern of calpain-mediated alpha-spectrin degradation in the hippocampus, cortex, and striatum with an initial increase at 1 h followed by a more prominent secondary increase at 36 h after reperfusion. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that calpain activity was primarily localized to dendritic fields of selectively vulnerable neurons at one hour after reperfusion. Between 24 and 48 h after reperfusion neuronal calpain activity progressed from the dorsal to ventral striatum, medial to lateral @entity1249 hippocampus, and centripetally expanded from watershed foci in the cerebral cortex. This progression was associated with fragmentation of dendritic processes, calpain activation in the @entity528 and subsequent @entity528 . These observations demonstrate a clear association between calpain activation and subsequent delayed @entity528 and suggest broad therapeutic window for interventions aimed at preventing delayed intracellular @entity141 overload and pathologic calpain activation.

title: Calpain activity in the XXXX brain after transient @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['forebrain ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain calpain', 'Brain calpain']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['carotid occlusion']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death', 'neuronal degeneration', 'neuronal soma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['postischemic injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The diagnostic accuracy of @entity2355 as an indicator of @entity2643 -induced @entity358 was studied in 14 @entity1 (mean age = 62 +/- 12, range 33-76 years) treated with @entity2643 . The indications for @entity2643 were sustained @entity1165 in 13 @entity1 and @entity955 in 1 @entity1 with @entity712 . The @entity2355 cut-off level was set at 520 U/mL. Group A consisted of two @entity1 with @entity2643 -induced @entity358 , group B of five @entity1 with other @entity358 , and group C of seven @entity1 without @entity358 . @entity2355 levels, percent diffusing capacity for @entity1223 (%DLCO), and other laboratory markers were compared among these three groups. @entity2355 levels were significantly higher in group A than in group B and C (2550 +/- 36, 252 +/- 99, 198 +/- 82 U/mL, respectively; P < 0.0001). @entity2355 levels in group B were below the cutoff value. %DLCO, C-reactive protein (CRP), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were abnormal in group A. The abnormal rates of CRP and LDH in group B were 80% and 40%, respectively. Of the seven @entity1 with @entity358 , three @entity1 (43%) could not undergo %DLCO testing because of poor physical condition. In one @entity1 with @entity2643 -induced @entity358 , the @entity2355 level increased from 695 to 2,100 U/mL at a time of progression of interstitial changes. @entity2355 may be a useful marker of @entity2643 -induced @entity358 .

title: Diagnostic accuracy of @entity2355 as a marker of XXXX -induced @entity358 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['refractory heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disorders', 'pulmonary toxicity', 'pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity2643 :: (MESH:D000638,Chemical) :: ['amiodarone']


abstract: PURPOSE: By defining perineural invasion of @entity14 as invasion to Auerbach's plexus, we examined the usefulness of this pathologic finding as a prognostic factor. METHODS: A total of 509 consecutive @entity1 who underwent curative surgery for @entity1803 or pT4 @entity14 between May 1997 and December 2001 were reviewed. All the surviving @entity1 were followed for more than five years. All the pathologic findings, including perineural invasion, were described prospectively in the pathology report forms. RESULTS: Perineural invasion was detected in 132 of 509 @entity1 (26 percent) and was significantly associated with lymph node status, lymphatic invasion, and @entity3 . Incidences of local and systemic recurrence were significantly higher in @entity1 with perineural invasion than in those without perineural invasion. The disease-free survival of the perineural invasion-positive group was significantly poorer than that of the perineural invasion-negative group for @entity5 , irrespective of the use of adjuvant chemotherapy. This improved disease-free survival also was seen in @entity1 with @entity5 not treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. There was a nonsignificant difference in disease-free survival for @entity5 and @entity5 treated with chemotherapy, that of the perineural invasion-positive group being poorer. Multivariate analysis showed that lymph node status, perineural invasion, depth of invasion, and @entity5 site were significant prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Perineural invasion defined as @entity3 to Auerbach's plexus is an important prognostic factor for @entity14 .

title: Cancer invasion to Auerbach's plexus is an important prognostic factor in @entity1 with XXXX -pT4 @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage II rectal cancer', 'Stage III rectal cancer', 'cancer', 'Stages II and III colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['cancer invasion', 'venous invasion']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1803 :: (7694,Gene) :: ['pT3']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate giant prosthesis for reinforcement of visceral sac (GPRVS) as a treatment for complex bilateral and recurrent @entity169 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The prospective study carried out in a single surgical unit at a tertiary health care center involved consecutive series of 31 @entity1 with complex bilateral and recurrent @entity169 who underwent GPRVS. All were @entity1 and the mean age was 58 years (range 49-95 years). Factors predicting high risk for recurrence included a large @entity547 ( greater, similar5cms, 32%, 10/31 @entity1 ), failure of one or more previous repairs (45%, 14/31 @entity1 ), @entity1030 (25%, 8/31 @entity1 ) and poor muscle tone (70%, 22/31 @entity1 ). Operative time, length of postoperative stay, complications and @entity204 were the main outcome measures. RESULTS: Mean -/+ SEM operative time was 65 -/+ 11 minutes (range 45-115 minutes). Mean -/+ SEM length of stay was 3.5 -/+ 0.7 days (range 2-5 days). There were 4 minor complications, but no mesh infections and @entity204 . Follow up was obtained for a mean period of 14.6 months (range 12-23 months); there were no recurrences. CONCLUSION: GPRVS provides a definitive and safe cure for repair of complex bilateral and recurrent @entity169 because of its simplicity, ease of the procedure, good results and low recurrence rate.

title: Giant prosthesis for reinforcement of visceral sac for complex bilateral and recurrent XXXX : a prospective evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernias']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernias']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Is routine contralateral biopsy in the @entity0 @entity1 justified, and by which parameters can the result be predicted in advance? SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Routine contralateral biopsy remains controversial, and with the possible exception of an invasive lobular primary, little used by most surgeons. Previous series are biased by small sample size, by interpreting @entity1137 ( @entity1137 ) as a positive result, by selection on the basis of @entity5 type, and by the inclusion of @entity1 with clinical or mammographic abnormalities. METHODS: Among 1113 consecutive @entity1 with @entity0 treated in the author's practice between 1979 and 1993 (excluding 77 @entity1 who had a previous mastectomy, 131 who declined biopsy, and 34 with suspicious clinical or mammographic findings), 871 had a routine contralateral biopsy. RESULTS: Invasive @entity5 were found in 1.6%, @entity189 in situ in 1.4%, @entity1137 in 3.2%, and @entity1373 in 6.9% of all random biopsies. If @entity1137 was excluded as a positive result, @entity1137 was not significantly more bilateral than invasive duct (5.2% vs. 2.9%, p = 0.32), nor were in situ @entity5 more bilateral than invasive (2.5% vs. 3.0%, p = 0.76). @entity5 size, axillary node status, and young age were not predictive of a positive result. A positive biopsy result was significantly more frequent in @entity1 older than 50 years of age (4% vs. 1%, p = 0.016), and with a first-degree family history of @entity0 (6.3% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: The following conclusions can be made: 1. If @entity1137 was excluded as a positive biopsy result, invasive lobular was not significantly more bilateral than invasive duct cancer. 2. Family history and older age significantly predicted a positive biopsy, whereas young age, @entity5 size, and axillary node status did not. 3. Routine contralateral biopsy identified conditions (invasive @entity5 in situ) requiring immediate further management in 3.0% of @entity1 , and markers of risk ( @entity1137 or atypia) with the potential to influence future decisions in another 10.1%. 4. As a screening device applied in a high-risk population, with low cost and little morbidity, contralateral biopsy deserves wider consideration in an era of ever-earlier @entity0 .

title: Routine contralateral breast biopsy: helpful or irrelevant? Experience in 871 XXXX , 1979-1993.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['lobular carcinoma in situ', 'LCIS', 'invasive lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer diagnosis', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer or duct carcinoma', 'cancers', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['atypical hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['duct carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish more efficient method to isolate of dermal papilla cells (DPCs) from back skin of @entity168 @entity35 , and then to study the growth ability and characteristics of @entity168 @entity35 dermal papilla cells in vitro. METHOD: DPCs were separated from back skin of @entity168 @entity35 according to the modified method of two-step enzymatic digestion. The DPCs morphological observation under inverted microscope, the growth kinetics by cells number, the cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry analysis and determine the surface epitopes by immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry analysis. RESULT: Cultured DPCs were similar to fibroblasts in appearance, but generally and periodically exhibited an aggregative growth pattern. The growth kinetics showed that the number of DPCs presented progressive increase in a logarithm mode in the first 3 days and entered into plateau after 9 days, @entity10298 , P5 multiplication time was 68 h, 52 h and 36 h, respectively. The flow cytometrical analysis showed that DPCs of @entity10298 /G1 stage were (90.21 +/- 5.13)%, (81.23 +/- 1.85)% and (75.16 +/- 5.32)%, respectively. G0/G1 stage cells became less following passage subculture and elongation of culture time, but most of the DPCs stayed resting stage still. The cultivated dermal papilla cells expression of alpha-smooth muscle and @entity3802 on cell surface was positive, CK and @entity6098 were negative. CONCLUSION: DPCs can be separated by the modified method of two-step enzymatic digestion successfully. The cultivated dermal papilla cells vitro show the feature of stem cells and has important potentially as a new seed cell source for cell engineering.

title: [Cultivation and identification of follicular papilla cells from back skin of actual XXXX in vitro].

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Severely handicapped @entity1 and adolescents have reduced bone mineral density and high prevalence of pathological @entity174 . Bone quantitative ultrasonography (QUS) is a radiation-free method for assessing bone density. It is portable and easy to use in subjects with severe @entity85 . METHODS: We evaluated 166 students (age 6-20 years) at a school for disabled @entity1 for bone mineral density using the osteo-sono-assessment index (OSI) calculated by measuring the velocity of ultrasound waves, the speed of sound (SOS) and the transmission index (TI), at the calcaneus. All examinations were performed using an AOS-100 analyzer (ALOKA Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) for @entity306 was also applied. We assessed OSI for dietary texture modifications and methods of feeding. RESULTS: Those with pathological @entity174 tended to have lower OSI than other students. Such @entity174 were individually unrelated to age, sex and GMFCS. OSI was significantly higher at GMFCS level I than level II. OSI in levels I to III was equally significantly higher than that in levels IV and V. As to feeding methods, the tube feeding group tended to have lower OSI than the oral ingestion group. In the oral ingestion group, those receiving a regular diet had significantly higher OSI than the mixed-minced diet group. However, students with a gastrostomy tended to have higher OSI than those receiving gastro-nasal tube feeding. CONCLUSIONS: Gross motor function (applied GMFCS) is a major factor affecting bone mineral density. Tube feeding reduces bone mineral density. However, forced oral intake may also reduce it. In the tube feeding group, a modified diet of appropriate texture delivered via gastrostomy may be the key to improving bone mineral density.

title: [Studies on bone mineral status with bone quantitative ultrasonography in severely handicapped school XXXX --correlations with gross motor function and dietary status].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['bodily deformities']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity788 are found in 22 to 60% of @entity1 with @entity1689 ( @entity1689 ). The stones can lead to obstruction of the outflow of pancreatic secretions causing increased intraductal pressure. The pancreas is relatively noncompliant. Therefore the rise in intraductal pressure can induce tissue @entity101 and @entity63 . This can be a major factor causing @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity1689 . This hypothesis is supported by the observation that symptoms may improve following pancreatic duct drainage. CASE PRESENTATION: A 62-year-old @entity1 presented with persistent @entity158 . Investigations revealed @entity730 within the main pancreatic duct and head of the gland. Treatment with @entity10747 ( @entity10747 ) and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) achieved a good outcome. CONCLUSION: Standard endoscopic removal of the stones proved impossible so treatment with ESWL was undertaken. Following fragmentation, the calculi and fragments passed spontaneously or were removed endoscopically. If pancreatic stones cannot be removed endoscopically, ESWL should be considered prior to surgery.

title: Pancreatic stone and treatment using XXXX and ESWL procedures: a case study and review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic duct stones']

entities_list: @entity10747 :: ('MESH:D012183', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography', 'ERCP']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'epigastric pain']

answer: @entity10747 :: (MESH:D012183,Disease) :: ['ERCP']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of gap size between tooth and restorative materials on microbiolism based @entity1547 in vitro. METHODS: Tooth blocks made of @entity1 molars without @entity1547 and the same size composite resin blocks were selected and prepared. Tooth-resin matrix was mounted on resin base with a gap size of 0, 25, 50, 100, 190, 250   m and a control group was dealed with adhesive system. Six experimental groups and one control group were included, with 8 samples in one group and a total of 56 samples. The samples were cultured by a 14-day sequential batch culture technique. The development of outer surface lesion and wall lesion was assessed with confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) by measuring the maximum lesion depth, fluorescence areas and average fluorescence value. The data were collected and statistically analyzed. The deposits of the tooth-restoration interface and the development of the carious lesion were observed by @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). RESULTS: Most groups showed outer surface lesion and wall surface lesions observed by CLSM and @entity4653 except 2 samples in control group. There was no significant difference on the outer surface lesion (P > 0.05). The maximum lesion depth [(1145.37    198.98), (1190.12    290.80)   m respectively], the maximum lesion length, fluorescence areas and average fluorescence value of 190 and 250   m groups' wall lesions were significantly higher than the 0, 25, 50 and 100   m groups [the maximum lesion depth was (205.25    122.61), (303.87    118.80), (437.75    154.88), (602.87    269.13)   m respectively], P < 0.01. With the increase of the gap size, the demineralization developed more seriously. While the maximum lesion depth, the maximum lesion length and fluorescence areas of 0, 25, 50   m groups' wall lesions were of no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: There was close relationship between gap size and wall lesion when the gap was above 100   m at tooth-composite resin interface. The existence of gap was the main influencing factor on the development of microbiolism based @entity1547 lesion.

title: [Effect of gap size between tooth and restorative materials on microbiolism based XXXX in vitro].

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscope']

answer: @entity1547 :: (MESH:D003731,Disease) :: ['caries']


abstract: Chronic @entity101 impairs dilatation of cerebral arterioles. Impairment of dilatation generally has been attributed to @entity1184 of the vessel wall with encroachment on the vascular lumen. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a reduction in external diameter may contribute to encroachment on the vascular lumen during chronic @entity101 . We examined 10-12-month-old, anesthetized @entity35 -Kyoto (WKY) @entity35 and @entity64 -prone spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRSP). External diameter, stress, and strain of pial arterioles were calculated from measurements of pial arteriolar pressure (servo null), diameter, and cross-sectional area of the arteriolar wall. During maximal dilatation produced with @entity1098 , cross-sectional area of the arteriolar wall was greater in SHRSP than in WKY @entity35 (2,038 +/- 57 vs. 1,456 +/- 61 micron 2, p less than 0.05). External, as well as internal, diameter was less in SHRSP than in WKY @entity35 (101 +/- 3 and 88 +/- 3 micron in SHRSP vs. 111 +/- 3 and 102 +/- 3 micron in WKY @entity35 for external and internal diameter, respectively, p less than 0.05). Reduction in external diameter accounted for 76% of encroachment on the lumen in SHRSP, and @entity1184 per se accounted for only 24%. Distensibility of deactivated pial arterioles was increased in SHRSP. These findings suggest that reduction in external diameter plays an important role in impairment of maximal dilatation of cerebral arterioles in SHRSP, and reduction in vascular diameter in SHRSP cannot be accounted for by altered distensibility. We propose that, during chronic @entity101 , cerebral arterioles undergo structural remodeling that results in a smaller external diameter and encroachment on the vascular lumen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Remodeling of cerebral arterioles in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1098 :: ('MESH:D004492', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: A model designed to produce chronic communicating @entity1276 in @entity235 has been developed in our laboratory. The animals tolerate the procedure well and the yield of animals with communicating @entity1276 is high. Serial cisternograms show ventricular entry first with "clearing" and later with " @entity3179 ". CSF pressures are initially increased, but when the ventricles become enlarged the pressure falls into the normal range. Grossly there is generalized @entity67 and, on histological studies, the ependyma is flattened and denuded. Periventricular @entity4 occurs in the white matter. Autoradiographs show transependymal movement of protein. CSF production appears to be normal despite obstruction to flow of CSF to areas where resorption is greatest. Diversionary shunting probably produces relief of many of the neurological symptoms by providing an efficient pathway for the removal of CSF and thus by lessening @entity4 and @entity67 . A more appropriate treatment would appear to be a noninvasive method of decreasing CSF production. Only when the basic pathophysiological alterations of CSF production and absorption are understood will this be possible. We believe that this animal model affords us the opportunity of studying these mechanisms.

title: Pathophysiology of chronic communicating XXXX in @entity235 ( @entity235 ). Experimental studies.

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular enlargement']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laryngeal manifestations of @entity354 are thought to be prevalent in our society. In general, diagnosis has been primarily based on symptoms. Historically, additional testing has included laryngoscopy, barium swallow, manometry, and single and double probe pH monitoring. METHODS: We assessed 96 @entity1 who had symptoms suggestive of @entity354 . We administered surveys grading their symptoms. All @entity1 had standardized videolaryngostroboscopic evaluation and computerized acoustic analysis. @entity1 then received a uniform regimen of dietary restrictions and @entity4546 (a proton pump inhibitor) for 12 weeks, after which they were retested. RESULTS: Using the new laryngoscopic grading system, we found that this regimen produced statistically significant improvement in all symptoms except @entity738 . In @entity1 with the pretherapy complaint of hoarseness, acoustic measurements of jitter, shimmer, habitual frequency, and frequency range all showed significant improvement. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity354 , standardized videolaryngoscopy and, if the @entity1 is hoarse, acoustic analysis are useful techniques to aid diagnosis and monitor therapy. Antireflux therapy with @entity4546 is effective, and improvement can be objectively shown with the techniques described.

title: Laryngeal manifestations of @entity354 before and after treatment with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'reflux laryngitis']

answer: @entity4546 :: (MESH:D009853,Chemical) :: ['omeprazole']


abstract: @entity1204 may originate from endometrial glandular epithelium and show endometrial differentiation, or from various types of metaplasias developing in the endometrium from pluripotent M  llerian epithelium. They then show endocervical or serous papillary differentiation. Because of their differences in spread, speed of growth and survival rates, it is important to subclassify these @entity1204 . Immunohistochemically, @entity420 with endometrial differentiation including adenoacanthomas and @entity1962 can be recognized by their coexpression of @entity10585 and @entity2277 , and by their negative reaction for @entity787 . Distinction from @entity420 with mucinous differentiation, including mucoepidermoid @entity420 , is possible by their negative reaction for @entity2277 and by their positive reaction for @entity787 . On the other hand, @entity189 with mucinous differentiation primarily located in the endometrium can not be distinguished from those primarily located in the endocervix by immunohistochemistry; that distinction must be made topographically. The same holds true for @entity1358 of both locations. Over the past decade, @entity3079 and @entity1358 originating from the endometrium have increased, whereas @entity420 with endometrial differentiation have become less frequent. This shift is closely related to the altered postmenopausal hormone substitution with the addition of the synthetic gestagens. These apparently stimulate proliferation of endocervical epithelium not only in the endocervix, but also that arising in endocervical metaplasias of the endometrium.

title: The value of immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinomas', 'Endometrial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1962 :: ('MESH:D018196', 'Disease') :: ['adenosquamous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In clinical practice, @entity1654 is in many cases associated with @entity10791 . However, from the literature it is unclear exactly which domains are affected; A wide variety of investigations are reported that each provide a different representation of language performance in these @entity1 . AIMS: The aim of this study is to compare performance on the language domains between @entity1 with @entity1654 and healthy controls. METHODS: Prospective study of @entity1 with @entity1654 compared to healthy controls. 25 @entity1 (mean age 136.6 months, SD 23.0) with @entity1654 and 25 age-matched healthy controls were tested on their language function using the @entity52551 (Clinical evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Dutch edition). The healthy control were not matched regard to other important factors, particularly educational attainment and co-morbidity. Expressive language, receptive language, language content, language structure and language working memory were tested. RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity1654 , the core language score was significant lower compared with healthy controls. They scored specifically lower on the receptive language index and language content index (both p  =  0.002). A trend towards decreased expressive language index was observed (p  =  0.054). Language structure and language working memory were in the normal range. CONCLUSION: Language was found to be impaired in @entity1 with typical @entity1654 . Especially semantic language processing including receptive language and language content was significantly impaired. The common denominator of these functions is semantic language processing.

title: Clinical evaluation of language fundamentals in @entity1654 , an assessment with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1654 :: ('MESH:D019305', 'Disease') :: ['Rolandic epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity10791 :: ('MESH:D007805', 'Disease') :: ['developmental language impairment']

answer: @entity52551 :: (56853,Gene) :: ['CELF-4']


abstract: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a non-invasive technique for mapping the working brain. Using a fingertapping task, imaging of subcortical regions has proven to be difficult. We studied an inpatient under treatment with @entity1037 and @entity1767 , focusing on subcortical brain activation. We compared this @entity1 with normal controls and with @entity1 using @entity1767 or @entity1037 . Brain activation was induced by a unilateral self-paced fingertapping task. Brainvoyager software package (version 3.7) was used for data analyzing. Significant increases in blood @entity26 level-dependent response were found in the contralateral motor area and the ipsilateral cerebellum in all @entity1 . Differences with regard to the subcortical regions could be revealed in both the examinations of the same @entity1 and the different treatment groups. Functional magnetic resonance imaging is an important method to study the interaction between basal ganglia, thalamus and the motor cortex. It is especially helpful to investigate intra-individual differences under different treatment conditions.

title: Neuroleptic therapy influences basal ganglia activation: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study comparing controls to XXXX - and @entity1037 -treated inpatients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

answer: @entity1767 :: (MESH:D006220,Chemical) :: ['haloperidol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Postoperative chemoradiation (CRT) has been shown to be more effective than postoperative radiotherapy (RT) alone in high risk @entity213 ( @entity213 ) @entity1 . Multimodality therapy is associated with more treatment related- @entity137 . In this study, we assessed cervical lymph node histological characteristics to detect prognostic and predictive value differences to help guide therapeutic decision making. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of @entity5 Registry data. METHODS: @entity213 surgical @entity1 who had @entity5 resection and neck dissection at our institution from 1980 to 2008 were identified (n=1510). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were developed to identify significant predictors of three outcomes: @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), @entity66 ( @entity66 ), and @entity135 recurrence (NDR). Hazard ratios were estimated for the number of cervical nodal metastases and presence of extracapsular spread (ECS) by adjuvant treatment after controlling for significant covariates. RESULTS: Increasing number of positive nodes was significantly associated with poorer outcomes in @entity1349 , @entity66 , and NDR models (p<0.0001, p<0.0001, p=0.0002, respectively). @entity1349 and @entity66 associated with adjuvant treatment (none, RT, or CRT) were modified by number of positive nodes, ECS status, and @entity5 site. The presence of ECS was associated with reduced @entity1349 and @entity66 (p=0.077, p=0.001 respectively), but not significantly associated with NDR (p=0.179). Nodal positive @entity1 benefited from adjuvant therapy regardless of ECS status. CRT consistently conferred a survival advantage over RT across all nodal categories, although the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a consistent survival advantage with CRT over RT for @entity1 with positive cervical nodal metastasis, although the difference was not statistically significant.

title: Histological assessment of cervical lymph node identifies XXXX with @entity213 ( @entity213 ): who would benefit from chemoradiation after surgery?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['neck disease']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'disease-specific survival']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The structural basis of the permeability barrier in @entity1 epidermis was examined by tracer and freeze- @entity174 techniques. Water-soluble tracers (horesradish peroxidase, @entity3740 , ferritin) were injected into neonatal @entity19 or into isolated upper epidermal sheets obtained with staphylococcal exfoliatin. Tracers percolated through the intercellular spaces to the upper stratum granulosum, where further egress was impeded by extruded contents of lamellar bodies. The lamellar contents initially remain segregated in pockets, then fuse to form broad sheets which fill intercellular regions of the stratum corneum, obscuring the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. These striated intercellular regions are interrupted by periodic bulbous dilatations. When adequately preserved, the interstices of the stratum corneum are wider, by a factor of 5-10 times that previously appreciated. Freeze- @entity174 replicas of granular cell membranes revealed desmosomes, sparse plasma membrane particles, and accumulating intercellular lamellae, but no tight junctions. Fractured stratum corneum displayed large, smooth, multilaminated @entity174 faces. By freeze-substitution, proof was obtained that the @entity174 plane had diverted from the usual intramembranous route in the stratum granulosum to the intercellular space in the stratum corneum. We conclude that: (a) the primary barrier to water loss is formed in the stratum granulosum and is subserved by intercellular deposition of lamellar bodies, rather than occluding zonules; (b) a novel, intercellular freeze- @entity174 plane occurs within the stratum corneum; (c) intercellular regions of the stratum corneum comprise an expanded, structurally complex, presumably lipid-rich region which may play an important role in percutaneous transport.

title: The permeability barrier in XXXX epidermis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3740 :: ('MESH:D007811', 'Chemical') :: ['lanthanum']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: @entity526 cells challenged with low or high concentrations of @entity273 are killed via two different mechanisms and respond with morphological changes which are also dependent on the extracellular concentration of the oxidant. Treatment with low concentrations (less than 2.5 mM) of @entity274 is followed by an extensive cell filamentation which is dependent on the level of @entity274 or the time of exposure. In particular, addition of 1.75 mM @entity274 results in a growth lag of approximately 90 min followed by partial increase in optical density, which was mainly due to the onset of the filamentous response. In fact, microscopic analysis of the samples obtained from cultures incubated with the oxidant for various time intervals has revealed that this change in morphology becomes apparent after 90 min of exposure to @entity274 and that the length of the filaments gradually increases following longer time intervals. Analysis of the ability of these cells to form colonies has indicated a loss in viability in the first 90 min of exposure followed by a gradual recovery in the number of cells capable of forming colonies. Measurement of @entity880 dehydrogenase in culture medium (as a marker for membrane damage) has revealed that a small amount of this enzyme was released from the cells at early times (less than 150 min) but not after longer incubation periods (300 min). Cells exposed to high concentrations of @entity274 (greater than 10 mM) do not filament and their loss of viability is associated with a marked reduction in cell volume. In fact, treatment with 17.5 mM @entity274 resulted in a time-dependent decrease of the optical density, clonogenicity, and cellular volume. In addition, these effects were paralleled by a significant release in the culture medium of @entity880 dehydrogenase thus suggesting that the reduced cell volume may be dependent on membrane damage followed by loss of intracellular material. This hypothesis is supported by preliminary results obtained in electron microscopy studies. In conclusion, this study further demonstrates that the response of @entity526 to @entity273 is highly dependent on the concentration of @entity274 and further stresses the point that low or high concentrations of the oxidant result in the production of different species leading to cell death via two different mechanisms and/or capable of specifically affecting the cell shape.

title: Morphological changes in XXXX cells exposed to low or high concentrations of @entity273 .

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To update the 2007 Partin tables in a contemporary @entity1 population. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study population consisted of 5,629 consecutive @entity1 who underwent RP and staging lymphadenectomy at the Johns Hopkins Hospital between January 1, 2006 and July 30, 2011 and met inclusion criteria. Polychotomous logistic regression analysis was used to predict the probability of each pathologic stage category: organ-confined disease (OC), extraprostatic extension (EPE), seminal vesicle involvement (SV+), or lymph node involvement (LN+) based on preoperative criteria. Preoperative variables included biopsy Gleason score (6, 3+4, 4+3, 8, and 9-10), serum PSA (0-2.5, 2.6-4.0, 4.1-6.0, 6.1-10.0, greater than 10.0 ng/mL), and clinical stage (T1c, T2c, and T2b/T2c). Bootstrap re-sampling with 1000 replications was performed to estimate 95% confidence intervals for predicted probabilities of each pathologic state. RESULTS: The median PSA was 4.9 ng/mL, 63% had Gleason 6 disease, and 78% of @entity1 had T1c disease. 73% of @entity1 had OC disease, 23% had EPE, 3% had SV+ but not LN+, and 1% had LN+ disease. Compared to the previous Partin nomogram, there was no change in the distribution of pathologic state. The risk of LN+ disease was significantly higher for @entity5 with biopsy Gleason 9-10 than Gleason 8 (O.R. 3.2, 95% CI 1.3-7.6). The c-indexes for EPE vs. OC, SV+ vs. OC, and LN+ vs. OC were 0.702, 0.853, and 0.917, respectively. @entity1 with biopsy Gleason 4+3 and Gleason 8 had similar predicted probabilities for all pathologic stages. Most @entity1 presenting with Gleason 6 disease or Gleason 3+4 disease have <2% risk of harboring LN+ disease and may have lymphadenectomy omitted at RP. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of pathologic stages did not change at our institution between 2000-2005 and 2006-2011. The updated Partin nomogram takes into account the updated Gleason scoring system and may be more accurate for contemporary @entity1 diagnosed with @entity263 .

title: An updated XXXX staging nomogram (Partin tables) based on cases from 2006 to 2011.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Risk factor associations for rare @entity0 variants are often imprecise, obscuring differences between @entity5 types. To clarify differences, we examined risk factors for 5 histological types of @entity0 in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. Risk factor information was self-reported. We followed 192,076 postmenopausal @entity1 aged 50-71 years from 1995-1996 through 2006. During that time period, 5,334 ductal, 836 lobular, 639 mixed @entity0 were diagnosed. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Heterogeneity was evaluated using case-only logistic regression. The strongest differences were for menopausal hormone therapy (Pheterogeneity < 0.01) and age at first birth (Pheterogeneity < 0.01). Risk of tubular @entity5 in relation to current menopausal hormone therapy (for current use vs. never use, hazard ratio (HR) = 4.39, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.77, 6.96) was several times stronger than risk of other histological types (range of HRs, 1.39-1.75). Older age at first birth was unassociated with risk of mucinous (for >= 30 years vs. 20-24 years, HR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.27, 1.42) or tubular (HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.51, 2.29) @entity5 , in contrast to clear positive associations with lobular (HR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.39, 2.37) and mixed @entity28648 (HR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.39, 2.51) @entity5 . Differing associations for hormonal factors and @entity5 suggest etiologies distinct from those of common @entity0 .

title: Risk factors for specific histopathological types of XXXX in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'mucinous and tubular cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'ductal-lobular, 216 mucinous, and 132 tubular breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity28648 :: ('MESH:D018299', 'Disease') :: ['ductal-lobular']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['postmenopausal breast cancer']


abstract: Background and the purpose of the study Existing evidence confirms that no pharmacologic agent ameliorates the decline in the lung function or changes the prognosis of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). We tried a critical combination therapy for management of @entity1030 . METHODS: Current or past smoker (passive or active) @entity1030 @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1030 who did not respond to primitive therapy (i.e., oral @entity617 (50 mg in the morning) for 5 days; with @entity2715 Fort (3 puff q12h, totally 1500 micrograms/day), @entity10453 (2 puffs q12h, 50 micrograms/puff) and @entity13265 (4 puffs q8h) for two months, enrolled to study. Furthermore they were received @entity898 (1200 mg/daily), @entity4580 (tablet 250 mg/every other day) and @entity2544 (100 mg BD). RESULTS: The study group consisted of 44 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 , with a mean age and standard deviation of 63.6        12.7 years (range 22-86 years). Thirteen of 48 @entity1 (27.0%) was responder based on 15% increasing in FEV 1 (27.7        7.9) after 6.7        6.1 months (57.9        12.9 year old). There were statistically significant differences in age and smoking between responders and non-responders (P value was 0.05 and 0.04 respectively). There was no difference in @entity2415 and air trapping between two groups (p   =   0.13). CONCLUSION: Interestingly considerable proportion of @entity1 with @entity1030 can be reversible using combination drug therapy and @entity1 will greatly benefit from different and synergic action of the drugs. The treatment was more effective in younger @entity1 who smoke less.

title: Combination therapy for airflow limitation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['Theophylline']

entities_list: @entity2715 :: ('MESH:D001507', 'Chemical') :: ['Beclomethasone']

entities_list: @entity13265 :: ('MESH:D009241', 'Chemical') :: ['ipratropium bromide']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-Acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['Azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['Salmeterol']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']